bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monogamy as protection against COVID‐19?: Non‐monogamy stigma and risk (Mis)perception
Authors: Conley Terri D. , Piemonte Jennifer L. , Shukla Ishita , Mangla Ananya , Mateti Nainika , Tariq Soha
Published: September 2022

COVID‐19 public health messages largely communicated that Americans were “safer at home.” Implicit in this advice are messages about protections ostensibly also offered by monogamy–that having more relationships is always more dangerous than having fewer relationships and that closer relationships are always safer–from a disease transmission perspective–than unfamiliar relationships. These heuristics may have led people to discount other COVID‐19 dangers (such as spending more time with others of unknown infection status) and to ignore COVID‐specific safety measures (such as mask‐wearing, and ventilation). We conducted three studies in which we used experimental vignettes to assess people's perceptions of COVID‐risky targets in monogamous relationships with a close, committed partner versus targets who were described as non‐monogamous with casual partners but relatively COVID‐safe. Participants perceived monogamous‐but‐COVID‐riskier targets as more responsible and safer from COVID‐19. Non‐monogamy stigma seems to extend analogously to COVID‐19 risk. Public health messages that fail to attend to the specifics and nuances of close relationships risk contributing to this stigma and ultimately undermining the goals of reducing the spread of infectious disease.
Anti‐malarial drugs: Mechanisms underlying their proarrhythmic effects
Authors: Saadeh Khalil , Nantha Kumar Nakulan , Fazmin Ibrahim Talal , Edling Charlotte E. , Jeevaratnam Kamalan
Published: September 2022

Malaria remains the leading cause of parasitic death in the world. Artemisinin resistance is an emerging threat indicating an imminent need for novel combination therapy. Given the key role of mass drug administration, it is pivotal that the safety of anti‐malarial drugs is investigated thoroughly prior to widespread use. Cardiotoxicity, most prominently arrhythmic risk, has been a concern for anti‐malarial drugs. We clarify the likely underlying mechanisms by which anti‐malarial drugs predispose to arrhythmias. These relate to disruption of (1) action potential upstroke due to effects on the sodium currents, (2) action potential repolarisation due to effects on the potassium currents, (3) cellular calcium homeostasis, (4) mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production and (5) cardiac fibrosis. Together, these alterations promote arrhythmic triggers and substrates. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to assess the safety of these drugs, stratify patients based on arrhythmic risk and guide future anti‐malarial drug development.
Bottom‐associated phytoplankton bloom and its expansion in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Shiozaki Takuhei , Fujiwara Amane , Sugie Koji , Nishino Shigeto , Makabe Akiko , Harada Naomi
Published: September 2022

Phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean is increasing due to global warming‐induced sea ice loss, which is generally assessed through satellite observations of surface chlorophyll. Here we show that a diatom bloom can occur near the seafloor rather than at the surface in the open Arctic Ocean. Light can reach the seafloor underlying nutrient‐rich bottom water after the spring bloom because the surface water becomes oligotrophic and increases transparency in the region of shallow Arctic shelf. Our microcosm experiment demonstrated that diatoms formed a bloom when sediments on the shelf region, which contained abundant viable diatom cells, were exposed to even weak light reaching the seafloor (~1% of the surface irradiance). Repeated shipboard observations in the shelf region suggested that such bottom‐associated blooms occurred occasionally and the primary production was significantly underestimated by satellite observations. The average bottom irradiance (2003–2017) in the Arctic Ocean is particularly promoted in summer in the eastern East Siberian Sea and the Foxe Basin, which were ice‐covered throughout the year until the 1990s. Our results imply that hidden bottom‐associated blooms are now widespread across the shallow Arctic shelf region.
The crisis of the postcolonial nation‐state and the emergence of alternative forms of statehood in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Matshanda Namhla Thando
Published: September 2022

This article contextualises the crisis of the nation‐state in Africa. It does so by foregrounding the ongoing crises of the state in the Horn of Africa as evidence of the broader challenges of statehood on the continent. The Horn of Africa is viewed as a region of conflict and instability. Yet, the dominant analyses have not considered that the region is at the forefront of alternative imaginations of political community. This article proposes that rather than labelling the Horn of Africa as a zone of violent conflict, it might be more useful to think of it as a region that offers empirical alternatives to the postcolonial African nation‐state model. African statehood has been the subject of inquiry since African countries gained independence from colonial rule. However, analyses have been characterised by misdiagnoses of the problems facing African states. Deviations from what is viewed as the ‘model’ construct of the nation‐state are seen as aberrations and are viewed in pathological terms. These normative assessments of African statehood have misdiagnosed the situation and have been limited in their ability to pronounce on what lies beyond what we see as a crisis in modern African state formation. More than any other region on the continent, the Horn of Africa is actively redefining the meaning of statehood in the current African political milieu.
Effect of heating temperature and time on the formation of volatile organic compounds during reactions between linoleic acid and free amino acids or myofibrillar proteins
Authors: Zhou Tianming , Gao Haotian , Xing Baofang , Bassey Anthony , Yang Linwei , Li Chao , Li Chunbao
Published: September 2022

Linoleic acid has been shown as a very important precursor for meat flavour and heating parameters may affect the reaction of linoleic acid with free amino acids (FAAs) or myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study was aimed to identify the VOCs during heating of linoleic acid only or with FAAs and MPs for different times by gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS). Reaction systems were set up to simulate meat, and the transformation pathway of VOCs was tracked by GC‐IMS. Finally, sixty‐two VOCs were identified, of which the content of aldehydes, which had the greatest impact on the aroma of meat, reached the peak (15.94%) when heated to 60 min and then decreased. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the effect of heating temperature on the flavour of the system was much greater than that of heating time, and heating at 90 °C for 60 min might be considered to obtain the best flavour. The results showed that FAAs played a critical role in the formation of VOCs that were derived from the oxidation and thermal degradation of linoleic acid, controlling the composition of FAAs may further optimise the flavour of processed meat products.
Effects of hydrogen‐rich water on the nutritional properties, volatile profile and texture of germinated brown rice
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Yang Li , Nie Pan , Zhong Lingyue , Wu Yan , Sun Xiangjun , Song Lihua
Published: September 2022

In the present study, we investigated the effects of hydrogen‐rich water (HRW) on the germination efficiency, chemical composition, biofunctional and volatile compounds, and texture of germinated brown rice (GBR). Our results showed that HRW (1.5 mg L−1) treatment significantly increased the germination efficiency of GBR by changing the migration of water during soaking. A chemical composition analysis showed that HRW treatment changed the contents of some biofunctional compounds and volatile components; increased the contents of soluble dietary fibre, thiamine, niacin, γ‐aminobutyric acid, some amino acids and K, P, Mn and Fe; and decreased the contents of starch and Na of GBR compared with those of GBR treated with regular pure water. Moreover, HRW treatment also improved the texture of GBR due to the changes in the ultrastructure of the bran layer and the decrease in insoluble dietary fibre. In summary, HRW is suggested to be applied in the processing of GBR since it can increase germination efficiency and improve the nutritional and eating qualities of GBR.
Probiotic cells support alginate‐based edible film properties: study of optical, water barrier and antifungal characteristics
Authors: Wardana Ata Aditya , Wigati Laras Putri , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko , Surono Ingrid S.
Published: September 2022

There is growing interest towards the functional properties and health benefits of both probiotics and paraprobiotics. In this investigation, probiotic bacterial cells (viable and non‐viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS‐10506) were incorporated into alginate‐(Alg) based edible films. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the presence of probiotic bacteria in the Alg matrix. The addition of probiotic cells (1 × 109 cells/mL) was found to improve the performance of Alg film such as light transmission by 67.04% and antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea by 49.54%. Although the addition of paraprobiotic cells can improve Alg film performance, particularly in terms of the water barrier property, which was confirmed with a series of assays (water vapour permeability (0.24 g.m/m2.h.Pa.109), hydrophobicity (67.08°) and atomic force microscopy (Ra = 5.94 nm, RMS = 7.22 nm)). Alg offered a compatible matrix for edible film containing probiotic bacteria. Alg‐L film may have potential applications for protecting food products from light, and fungal decay, and Alg‐D was suitable for the prevention of water loss from food.
Excitation expansion in the high‐energy UV region for Dy3+‐doped medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors
Authors: Tian Chengyi , Li Miaomiao , Li Desheng , Chao Yaojie , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai
Published: September 2022

Medium‐temperature molten Dy3+‐doped silicate (LNKBAS) glass phosphors can be excited efficiently in the low‐energy ultraviolet region (UVA). To this end, the addition of sensitizers Sb3+ and Ce3+ expands the validly excitable wavelength of Dy3+ from 348 to 248 nm. Fluorescence spectra demonstrate the superposition effect of the sensitization in the high‐energy ultraviolet region (UVC), and the multiplicative effect of sensitization in the UVA and medium‐energy ultraviolet region (UVB) for Sb3+–Ce3+–Dy3+ tri‐doped LNKBAS glass phosphors. The chromaticity coordinate of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.1Dy1.0 is (0.2725, 0.3031) at 248 nm excitation, and the sensitization coefficient of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.2Dy1.0 reaches at 19.85 under 309 nm excitation. Static fluorescence photographs and dynamic fluorescence video reveal the excitation expansion and the multiplicative effect of sensitization to Dy3+ by adding sensitizers at a macroscopic level. In general, the ideal rare‐earth energy conversion in medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors offers promising prospects for saving energy and manufacturing high‐quality optoelectronic devices.
Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin
Authors: Schneider Andrea M. , Nolan Zachary T. , Banerjee Kalins , Paine Allison R. , Cong Zhaoyuan , Gettle Samantha L. , Longenecker Amy L. , Zhan Xiang , Agak George W. , Nelson Amanda M.
Published: September 2022

Background

The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an ‘acne microbiome’ dominated by specific strains ofCutibacterium acnes.However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulentC. acnesstrain composition during puberty is unknown.

Objectives

We performed a cross‐sectional pilot study in a paediatric population to understand how and when the skin microbiome composition transitions during puberty and whether a distinct ‘acne microbiome’ emerges in paediatric subjects.

Methods

Forty‐eight volunteers including males and females, ages 7–17 years, with and without acne were enrolled and evaluated for pubertal development using the Tanner staging criteria. Sebum levels were measured, and skin microbiota were collected by sterile swab on the subject's forehead. DNA was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing.

Results

A significant shift in microbial diversity emerged between early (T1‐T2) and late (T3‐T5) stages of puberty, coinciding with increased sebum production on the face. The overall relative abundance ofC. acnesin both normal and acne skin increased during puberty and individualC. acnesstrains were uniquely affected by pubertal stage and the presence of acne. Further, an acne microbiome signature associated with uniqueC. acnesstrain composition and metabolic activity emerges in late puberty in those with acne. This uniqueC. acnesstrain composition is predicted to have increased porphyrin production, which may contribute to skin inflammation.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the stage of pubertal development influences skin microbiome composition. As children mature, a distinct acne microbiome composition emerges in those with acne. Understanding how both puberty and acne influence the microbiome may support novel therapeutic strategies to combat acne in the paediatric population.
Effects of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil and extrusion process conditions on physicochemical properties of fortified omega‐3 fibrous high moisture meat analogs
Authors: Prasert Waraporn , Pantoa Thidarat , Chitisankul Wanida T. , Pengpinij Worapol
Published: September 2022

High‐moisture meat analogs (HMMA) fortified with omega‐3 from Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil were developed using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM), with oil content (X1) 5–9%, screw speed (X2) 320–380 rpm, and feed moisture content (X3) 55–75%. Results showed that adding oil reduced the pasting properties and water absorption index of the ingredients. On tearing, HMMA showed a parabolic fibrous pattern. Increasing screw speed at low moisture content resulted in a darker product, while increased oil and feed moisture content gave a softer texture, with screw speed at lowest feed moisture content producing the opposite result. HMMA produced at high screw speed presented numerous micro‐porous structures. Increased oil content significantly decreased cooking yield, while oil added at up to 9% produced 1.33 g omega‐3/100 g HMMA.

Novelty impact statement

Balancing oil addition and extrusion process conditions produced the desired HMMA fortified with omega‐3.

Increased oil and feed moisture content caused soft HMMA, while screw speed at different feed moisture levels impacted microstructural alignment.

Sacha inchi oil added at up to 9% gave 1.33 g omega‐3/100 g HMMA.
Familial autoimmunity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Che Weng Ian , Westerlind Helga , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Hellgren Karin , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Holmqvist Marie E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Familial associations can be indicators of shared genetic susceptibility between two diseases. Previous data on familial autoimmunity in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are scarce and inconsistent.

Objectives

To investigate which autoimmune diseases (ADs) may share genetic susceptibility with IIM, we examined the familial associations between IIM and different ADs.

Methods

In this Swedish population‐based family study, we assembled 7615 first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of 1620 patients with IIM and 37,309 relatives of 7797 matched individuals without IIM. Via register linkages, we ascertained rheumatoid arthritis, other rheumatic inflammatory diseases (RIDs), multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), coeliac disease (CeD) and myasthenia gravis among the FDRs. We estimated the familial association between IIM and each AD using conditional logistic regression and performed subgroup analyses by kinship.

Results

Patients with IIM had significantly higher odds of having ≥1 FDR affected by other RIDs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.78) and greater odds of having ≥2 FDRs affected by CeD (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI 1.28–9.92) compared to the individuals without IIM. In the analyses of any FDR pairs, we observed familial associations for other RIDs (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), IBD (aOR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.41), AITD (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19) and CeD (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.08–1.74) while associations for other ADs were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The observed familial associations may suggest that IIM shares genetic susceptibility with various ADs, information that may be useful for clinical counselling and guiding future genetic studies of IIM.
Value of Self‐Disclosure to Parents and Peers During Adolescence
Authors: Nowell Clare , Pfeifer Jennifer H. , Enticott Peter , Silk Tim , Vijayakumar Nandita
Published: September 2022

Self‐disclosure is a crucial part of developing close interpersonal relationships during adolescence. In particular, sharing information with a greater depth of intimacy is thought to strengthen social bonds and thus support mental health. The current study investigated the value for different depths of self‐disclosures to close others (mothers and best friends) during adolescence and its association with mental health and well‐being. Fifty‐four girls (11.0–15.9 years) completed a forced‐choice monetary paradigm to assess value for self‐disclosures and questionnaires on mental health. Participants significantly valued (i.e., forfeited monetary reward) for disclosures to both mothers and best friends, although intimate disclosures were more “costly” than superficial disclosures. Greater value for intimate self‐disclosures to mothers was also associated with better mental health and well‐being.
Scientific, poetic, and philosophical clarity
Authors: McGuiggan James Camien
Published: September 2022

What is it to be clear? And will that question have the same answer in science, poetry, and philosophy? This paper offers a taxonomy of clarity, before focusing on two notions that are pertinent to the notions of clarity in science, poetry, and, in particular, philosophy. It argues that “scientific clarity,” which is marked by its reliance on technical terms, is, though often appropriate, not the only way in which something can be clear. In particular, poetry entirely eschews technical terms—but can nonetheless be crystal clear. Poetry achieves this clarity by sensitivity to the richness of language: rhythm, ambiguity, and so on. The paper argues that some philosophy uses language in this same way to achieve its philosophical ends. Accordingly, we should allow that this is a legitimate philosophical method and should not judge the clarity of such philosophy by the standards of scientific clarity.
Signals triggering prophage induction in the gut microbiota
Authors: Henrot Caroline , Petit Marie‐Agnès
Published: September 2022

Compared to bacteria of the gut microbiota, bacteriophages are still poorly characterised, and their physiological importance is far less known. Temperate phages are probably a major actor in the gut, as it is estimated that 80% of intestinal bacteria are lysogens, meaning that they are carrying prophages. In addition, prophage induction rates are higher in the gut than in vitro. However, studies on the signals leading to prophage induction have essentially focused on genotoxic agents with poor relevance for this environment. In this review, we sum up recent findings about signals able to trigger prophage induction in the gut. Three categories of signals are at play: those originating from interactions between intestinal microbes, those from the human or animal host physiology and those from external intakes. These recent results highlight the diversity of factors influencing prophage induction in the gut, and start to unveil ways by which microbiota composition may be modulated.
N&N themed section: Reflections on nationalism and the Russian invasion of Ukraine: Introduction
Authors: Breuilly John , Halikiopoulou Daphne
Published: September 2022

This introduction to themed section consists of two parts: a sketch of national(ist) historiography and a brief description of the following contributions.
Imperial nationalism as the driver behind Russia's invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Kuzio Taras
Published: September 2022

The roots of Russia's invasion of Ukraine are to be found in two areas. The first is the revival of Tsarist imperial nationalist and White Russian émigré nationalist denials of the existence of Ukraine and Ukrainians. Russian imperial nationalists believe the eastern Slavs constitute a pan Russian nation of Great Russians, Little Russians and White Russian branches of one Russian nation. The second is the cult of the Great Patriotic War and Joseph Stalin and the revival of Soviet era discourse on Ukrainian Nazis (i.e., nationalists). A Ukrainian nationalist in the Soviet Union and Vladimir Putin's Russia is any Ukrainian who seeks a future for his/her country outside the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Russian World and who upholds an ethnic Ukrainian (rather than a Little Russian) identity. The Russian World is the new core of the Eurasian Economic Union, Russian President Vladimir Putin's alternative to the EU's Eastern Partnership. In the contemporary domain, Ukrainian nationalists are Nazi's irrespective of their language preference or political beliefs and if they do not accept they are Little Russians. Putin's invasion goal of denazification is a genocidal goal to eradicate the ‘anti‐Russia’ that has allegedly been nurtured by Ukrainian nationalists and the West.
Existential nationalism: Russia's war against Ukraine
Authors: Knott Eleanor
Published: September 2022

‘If Russia stops fighting, there will be no war. If Ukraine stops fighting, there will be no Ukraine’ is the sentiment used by Ukrainian protesters mobilising against Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Such a sentiment signifies the stakes of a war where Ukraine is a democratic nation‐state fighting for its right to exist against a Russian invasion. Meanwhile, Russia is fighting for a version of Ukraine that is subservient to Russia's idea of what Ukraine should be as a nation‐state: under a Russian hegemon geopolitically, where Ukraine's national idea and interpretation of history can be vetted and vetoed by the Russian state. While nationalism scholarship equips us to study Russia's war against Ukraine through the lens of Russian ethnic nationalism and Ukrainian civic nationalism, the ethnic/civic dichotomy falls short of unpacking the more pernicious logics that pervade Russia's intentions and actions towards Ukraine (demilitarisation and de‐Nazification). Instead, this article explores the logics of Russia's war and Ukraine's resistance through the concept of existential nationalism where existential nationalism is Russia's motivation to pursue war, whatever the costs, and Ukraine's motivation to fight with everything it has.
Role of lncRNA‐MEG8/miR‐296‐3p axis in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bian Guiping , Xue Yanchun , Liu Yinmei , Xu Yan , Chen Guifen , Wu Huiping
Published: September 2022

Aim

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication in pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and effects of long‐noncoding RNA maternally expressed 8 (lncRNA‐MEG8) in GDM.

Methods

Targeted interactions involving lncRNA‐MEG8 and miR‐296‐3p were initially predicted using starBase software and then confirmed using dual‐luciferase reporter gene analysis. The expression levels of lncRNA‐MEG8 and miR‐296‐3p in peripheral blood samples from patients with GDM were measured using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the overall levels of insulin and insulin secretion. Additionally, MTT and flow cytometric methods were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis. Cell apoptosis‐associated proteins were determined by western blotting.

Results

Our results indicated that lncRNA‐MEG8 is a potential target of miR‐296‐3p. lncRNA‐MEG8 level was higher, whereas that of miR‐296‐3p was lower in patients with GDM than in healthy individuals. LncRNA‐MEG8‐siRNA promoted insulin content and secretion. Furthermore, MEG8‐siRNA increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. However, these changes were reversed by an miR‐296‐3p inhibitor. Moreover, a miR‐296‐3p mimic had the same effect on INS‐1 cells as MEG8‐siRNA, as evidenced by enhanced insulin secretion, cell viability, and reduced apoptosis.

Conclusion

LncRNA‐MEG8‐siRNA promotes pancreatic β‐cell function by upregulating miR‐296‐3p.
Racial/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity: An intersectional lifecourse approach
Authors: Hailu Elleni M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Berkowitz Rachel L. , Snowden Jonathan M. , Lyndon Audrey , Main Elliott , Mujahid Mahasin S.
Published: September 2022

Despite long‐existing calls to address alarming racial/ethnic gaps in severe maternal morbidity (SMM), research that considers the impact of intersecting social inequities on SMM risk remains scarce. Invoking intersectionality theory, we sought to assess SMM risk at the nexus of racial/ethnic marginalization, weathering, and neighborhood/individual socioeconomic disadvantage. We used birth hospitalization records from California across 20 years (1997–2017,N= 9,806,406) on all live births ≥20 weeks gestation. We estimated adjusted average predicted probabilities of SMM at the combination of levels of race/ethnicity, age, and neighborhood deprivation or individual socioeconomic status (SES). The highest risk of SMM was observed among Black birthing people aged ≥35 years who either resided in the most deprived neighborhoods or had the lowest SES. Black birthing people conceptualized to be better off due to their social standing (aged 20–34 years and living in the least deprived neighborhoods or college graduates) had comparable and at times worse risk than White birthing people conceptualized to be worse off (aged ≥35 years and living in the most deprived neighborhoods or had a high‐school degree or less). Our findings highlight the need to explicitly address structural racism as the driver of racial/ethnic health inequities and the imperative to incorporate intersectional approaches.
Mönckeberg's medial arteriosclerosis in the oral and maxillofacial region: A pilot study
Authors: Syed Ali Z. , Xu Yuanming , Alluri Leela Subhashini , Jadallah Buthainah , Mendes Rui Amaral , Pinto Andres
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of medial vascular calcifications in the oral and maxillofacial region and their association with systemic diseases.

Materials and Methods

The study included 211 consecutive patients with systemic diseases (January 2015–May 2016). Medical history and radiographic images were evaluated. Univariate analysis (t‐test) was performed for continuous variables (age). The Chi square test was applied for the categorical variables (Mönckeberg medial arteriosclerosis [MMA], gender).

Results

There was a 6.2% prevalence of MMA. The mean age of patients with MMA was 65.46 ± 13.38. The prevalence of kidney disease in patients with MMA was significantly higher than in those without MMA (p < 0.001). This finding was maintained even after adjusting for other systemic diseases (OR = 31.84 [8.63–136.78]).

Conclusion

A significant prevalence of MMA in kidney disease patients was observed in this pilot study.
Ablation of glucosinolate accumulation in the oil crop Camelina sativa by targeted mutagenesis of genes encoding the transporters GTR1 and GTR2 and regulators of biosynthesis MYB28 and MYB29
Authors: Hölzl Georg , Rezaeva Barno Ruzimurodovna , Kumlehn Jochen , Dörmann Peter
Published: September 2022

Camelina sativa is an oil crop with low input costs and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The presence of glucosinolates, plant metabolites with adverse health effects, restricts the use of camelina for human and animal nutrition. Cas9 endonuclease‐based targeted mutagenesis of the three homeologs of each of the glucosinolate transporters CsGTR1 and CsGTR2 caused a strong decrease in glucosinolate amounts, highlighting the power of this approach for inactivating multiple genes in a hexaploid crop. Mutagenesis of the three homeologs of each of the transcription factors CsMYB28 and CsMYB29 resulted in the complete loss of glucosinolates, representing the first glucosinolate‐free Brassicaceae crop. The oil and protein contents and the fatty acid composition of the csgtr1csgtr2 and csmyb28csmyb29 mutant seeds were not affected. The decrease and elimination of glucosinolates improves the quality of the oil and press cake of camelina, which thus complies with international standards regulating glucosinolate levels for human consumption and animal feeding.
Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with treatment‐resistant and ultratreatment‐resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Kitajima Kazutoshi , Tamura Shunsuke , Sasabayashi Daiki , Nakajima Shinichiro , Iwata Yusuke , Ueno Fumihiko , Takai Yoshifumi , Takahashi Junichi , Caravaggio Fernando , Mar Wanna , Torres‐Carmona Edgardo , Noda Yoshihiro , Gerretsen Philip , Luca Vincenzo de , Mimura Masaru , Hirano Shogo , Nakao Tomohiro , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Remington Gary , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Hirano Yoji
Published: September 2022

Aim

Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been linked to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify gyrification and SA abnormalities specific to TRS.

Methods

We analyzed 3T magnetic resonance imaging findings of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 20 responders to first‐line antipsychotics (FL‐Resp), and 41 patients with TRS, including 19 clozapine responders (CLZ‐Resp) and 22 FL‐ and clozapine‐resistant patients (patients with ultratreatment‐resistant schizophrenia [URS]). The local gyrification index (LGI) and associated SA were analyzed across groups. Diagnostic accuracy was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

Both CLZ‐Resp and URS had lower LGI values than HCs (P = 0.041, Hedges g [gH] = 0.75; P = 0.013, gH = 0.96) and FL‐Resp (P = 0.007, gH = 1.00; P = 0.002, gH = 1.31) in the left medial parietal cortex (Lt‐MPC). In addition, both CLZ‐Resp and URS had lower SA in the Lt‐MPC than FL‐Resp (P < 0.001, gH = 1.22; P < 0.001, gH = 1.75). LGI and SA were positively correlated in non‐TRS (FL‐Resp) (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.008) and TRS (CLZ‐Resp + URS) (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for non‐TRS versus TRS with LGI and SA in the Lt‐MPC were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. SA in the Lt‐MPC was inversely correlated with negative symptoms (ρ = −0.40, P = 0.018) and clozapine plasma levels (ρ = −0.35, P = 0.042) in TRS.

Conclusion

LGI and SA in the Lt‐MPC, a functional hub in the default‐mode network, were abnormally reduced in TRS compared with non‐TRS. Thus, altered LGI and SA in the Lt‐MPC might be structural features associated with genetic vulnerability to TRS.
Implementation of a neonatal donation protocol in the neonatal intensive care unit: A single‐center experience
Authors: Fernández‐Fructuoso José Ramón , Gil‐Sánchez Francisco Javier , Sáez‐Miravete Salvadora , Pina‐Molina José Miguel , Fuentes‐Gutiérrez Carmen , Lloreda‐García José María , Olmo‐Sánchez María , Mañas‐Uxo María Isabel , García‐González Ana , Leante‐Castellanos José Luis
Published: September 2022

Background

Lack of specific protocols for neonatal donation contributes to the rarity of neonatal donors. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the implementation of a neonatal donation protocol in our NICU.

Methods

In this single‐center study, we conducted a retrospective chart review of neonatal deaths in our NICU from January 2013 to January 2022. The study was divided into two periods: before and after the implementation of a neonatal donation protocol. The referral rates of potential neonatal donors to the OPO in the two periods were compared using the chi‐square test. A p value < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Sixty‐four infants were reviewed. Seven (10.9%) met the inclusion criteria for potential neonatal donors after DCC. The referral rate of potential neonatal donors increased from 2.5% to 16.7% after the implementation of this protocol (p = .041), and one infant (4.1%) became an effective heart‐valve donor.

Conclusion

The implementation of a local neonatal donation protocol could have contributed to increase the referral rate of potential neonatal donors in our NICU. Following the implementation of a local neonatal donation protocol, we were able to perform a heart‐valve donation for the first time in our unit.
Effectiveness of non‐pharmacological community‐based nursing interventions for smoking cessation in adults: A systematic review
Authors: TERZİ Handan , KİTİŞ Yeter , AKIN Belgin
Published: September 2022

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological community‐based nursing interventions for smoking cessation in adults.

Method

Studies published between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017 were comprehensively searched to 14 databases. Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to examine the methodological quality of the included studies. The obtained studies were listed on a code table by title, summary, and author/s’ name. A narrative synthesis was used interpreting the data. This study was registered to PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018088007).

Results

Strong‐quality rated three randomized controlled studies were included. Nurses were found to perform intensive behavioral support, brief‐advice and mTobacco cessation interventions. These were effective on changing knowledge, belief and attitudes. No sufficient evidence on the cessation rate and the non‐relapse rate was found.

Discussion

This review puts forward that non‐pharmacological community‐based smoking cessation interventions by nurses has an impact on changing knowledge, belief and attitudes in adult smokers. Findings can encourage public health nurses to use their counsellor role more actively. Improving the health literacy of the adult smokers via these findings can facilitate their intention to behavior change. Findings can be a useful resource for policy makers and governments in controlling the smoking epidemic.
The function of the pituitary‐testicular axis in dogs prior to and following surgical or chemical castration with the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin
Authors: Spruijt Annemarie , Kooistra Hans , Oei Christine , Vinke Claudia , Schaefers‐Okkens Auke , De Gier Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Chemical castration, that is the reduction of circulating testosterone concentrations to castrate levels by administration of a GnRH‐agonist implant, is a popular alternative to surgical castration in male dogs. Detailed information concerning the pituitary‐testicular axis following administration of a GnRH‐agonist implant is still scarce. Therefore, GnRH‐stimulation tests were performed in male dogs, prior to and after surgical and chemical castration. This approach also allowed us to determine plasma concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol in intact male dogs for future reference and to directly compare the effects of surgical and chemical castration on the pituitary‐testicular axis. In intact male dogs (n = 42) of different breeds GnRH administration induced increased plasma LH, FSH, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations. After surgical castration basal and GnRH‐induced plasma FSH and LH concentrations increased pronouncedly. Additionally, basal and GnRH‐induced plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations decreased after surgical castration. After chemical castration, with a slow‐release implant containing the GnRH‐agonist deslorelin, plasma LH and FSH concentrations were lower than prior to castration and lower compared with the same interval after surgical castration. Consequently, plasma oestradiol and testosterone concentrations were lowered to values similar to those after surgical castration. GnRH administration to the chemically castrated male dogs induced a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of LH, but not of FSH. In conclusion, after administration of the deslorelin implant, the plasma concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone did not differ significantly from the surgically castrated animals. After GnRH‐stimulation, none of the dogs went to pre‐treatment testosterone levels. However, at the moment of assessment at 4,4 months (mean 133 days ± SEM 4 days), the pituitary gonadotrophs were responsive to GnRH in implanted dogs. The increase of LH, but not of FSH, following GnRH administration indicates a differential regulation of the release of these gonadotrophins, which needs to be considered when GnRH‐stimulation tests are performed in implanted dogs.
Consistent Bayesian information criterion based on a mixture prior for possibly high‐dimensional multivariate linear regression models
Authors: Kono Haruki , Kubokawa Tatsuya
Published: September 2022

In the problem of selecting variables in a multivariate linear regression model, we derive new Bayesian information criteria based on a prior mixing a smooth distribution and a delta distribution. Each of them can be interpreted as a fusion of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Inheriting their asymptotic properties, our information criteria are consistent in variable selection in both the large‐sample and the high‐dimensional asymptotic frameworks. In numerical simulations, variable selection methods based on our information criteria choose the true set of variables with high probability in most cases.
Defining and classifying co-curricular interprofessional education in the health professions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Farokhi Moshtagh R. , Lacy Jeff , Chapa Irene , Garcia Sean , Geelhoed Michael , Johnson Le’Keisha , Lesser Janna , Stone Melanie , Worabo Heidi , Zorek Joseph A.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

This scoping review will identify, characterize, and classify co-curricular interprofessional education activities and practices.

Introduction:

According to the World Health Organization, interprofessional education occurs when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with one another to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. As such, interprofessional education is imperative to health professions education. Globally, competency frameworks and guidelines have urged educators to reach consensus about interprofessional education terminology and to integrate this form of education into formal curricula. Voluntary interprofessional education that takes place outside formal curricula (ie, co-curricular) is frequently used to overcome well-documented barriers (eg, discordant academic calendars). We will explore the global literature to identify, characterize, and classify published examples of co-curricular interprofessional education activities.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider voluntary interprofessional education involving students from at least two different health professions. These education activities will take place outside the formal curriculum and will not result in transcript designation.

Methods:

The search strategy will aim to locate primary studies from peer-reviewed journals indexed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ERIC, and Academic Search Complete. The results will be limited to English-language publications from 2009 until the present. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, and potentially relevant papers will be assessed in detail. Data will be extracted using a tool developed by the reviewers. Descriptive statistics will be used to characterize the data, which will be presented in diagrammatic, tabular, or other relevant formats.
Effect of Welding Mode on Remote Laser Stitch Welding of Zinc-Coated Steel With Different Sheet Thickness Combinations
Authors: Wan Zixuan , Wang Hui-ping , Li Jingjing , Yang Baixuan , Solomon Joshua , Carlson Blair E.
Published: September 2022

This paper studied the effects of two welding modes, i.e., keyhole penetration and full penetration, on laser welding of two zinc-coated steel stack-ups of the same total sheet thickness but different sheet thickness combinations. The effects of welding modes on keyhole and spatter behavior were studied. It was found that keyhole penetration welding led to little spatter and mass loss for a thick-gage stack-up of the same top and bottom sheet thickness (two 1.5 mm zinc-coated steel sheets, viz., Stack-up S). This was confirmed by numerically calculated low Zout values which indicate a low potential of spatter due to zinc outgassing insufficiency. For a stack-up of thin top and thick bottom sheet combination (1.1 mm/1.9 mm, viz., Stack-up D), full penetration mode is more preferred generating less spatter than the keyhole penetration mode. This was attributed to an enlarged keyhole size at the faying interface in the full penetration mode and the relatively thinner top sheet (1.1 mm thick) compared to the bottom sheet (1.9 mm thick). It was confirmed by the low average and maximum values of Zout. In summary, to reduce the spatter in laser welding of zinc-coated steel, the keyhole penetration mode welding is preferred for the stack-up with the top and bottom sheets of similar thickness, and the full penetration mode is more suitable for the stack-up having a much thinner top sheet than the bottom sheet.
On Integrated Fluid Screening and Turbomachinery Design for Optimized Industrial Heat Pumps
Authors: Karaefe Renan Emre , Post Pascal , Venzik Valerius , Wotzka Paul , Barta Riley B. , Müller Dirk , di Mare Francesca
Published: September 2022

This work presents an approach to the contextual integration of fluid selection and compressor design for the cycle design of efficient industrial heat pumps. The vapor-compression cycle of an air–water heat pump operated at 42 °C source and 82 °C target temperature is investigated as a theoretical case study. An optimization study is performed, which includes the assessment of suitable refrigerants. Besides well-known single-component refrigerants, various binary mixtures are considered. The cycle optimization aims at simultaneously providing high cycle coefficient of performance and volumetric heating capacity. Cycle operation with the mixtures R-41/trans-2-butene (10, 90 mol. %) and CO2/R-161 (40, 60 mol. %) yields the highest values of these parameters, respectively. For further evaluation, centrifugal compressors operated with each of the two promising mixtures are designed with an in-house meanline program. In addition, the compressor design for the hydrofluoro-olefin refrigerant R-1234ze(Z) is considered as a reference. All designs are reviewed with respect to cycle as well as compressor design criteria and the applied methodology will assist designers in identifying key decision variables. The comprehensive design assessment suggests that CO2/R-161 (40, 60 mol. %) provides the best overall solution for an efficient cycle with a compact compressor design.
Complete Stability Analysis and Optimization of the Extended Delayed Resonator With Virtual Natural Frequency Adjustment
Authors: Gao Qingbin , Liu Yifan , Cai Jiazhi , Wu Hao , Long Zhili
Published: September 2022

The delayed resonator (DR) is known for its ideal vibration suppression and simple control logic, but its operable frequency range is also known limited due to stability issues and practical hardware constraints. To extend the limited operable frequency range, we inject an additional nondelayed control term into the feedback loop of the classic DR such that the equivalent natural frequency of the DR can be real-time tuned, so the creation of DR with virtual natural frequency adjustment (DRV). Besides, we take the difference between the adjustable natural frequency of the DRV and the excitation frequency as a control parameter to further enhance the vibration suppression leading to optionally tuned parameters for a given excitation. For this, we start with the complete stability analyses of the DRV and the associated coupled system following independent and purely analytical approaches, and the obtained nonconservative stability maps reveal DRV's greatly extended operable frequency range. Given the optional tuned parameters, an optimization procedure aiming for a faster transient process and stronger robustness is proposed to determine the optimal parameter composition. Finally, three numerical case studies are prepared to demonstrate the benefits of the DRV compared with the classic DR. In addition to extending the operable frequency range of the classic DR, this work simplifies the stability analysis of the existing DR investigations and provides a guideline for the tuned control parameter design if they are optional.
Gaseous Entrainment Dynamics in a Viscous Pool Due to Combined Influence of Asymmetric Rotational Field and Crossflow of Air
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar
Published: September 2022

Efforts are made to perform simulations to describe the gaseous entrainment dynamics in a viscous liquid pool due to the combined influence of asymmetric converging rotational field and continuous freestream flow of air. A pair of counter-rotating and equal sized rollers is placed inside the pool along a horizontal line. Gerris is an open-source solver, which is employed to carry out the present computational study. Complex interfacial configurations are illustrated with the influence of relevant input parameters, such as rotation of rollers 1 and 2 (measured by Capillary number, Ca1=Rω1μl/σ and Ca2=Rω2μl/σ, where R=D/2 is roller radius), submersion depth (b*), the gap between the rollers (2a*), and strength of air stream flow (measured by Reynolds number, Reflow=ρgUD/μg). It has been observed that the depth of steady entrainment is reduced at Reflow≠0 compared to Reflow=0 because the hydrodynamic force acts as an opposing force to viscous pumping and rotating inertia. A complete understanding of disintegration of and subsequent accumulation of gaseous bubbles from the cusp tip is characterized in detail. In addition, the influence of viscous drag (specified by Morton number, Mo=gμl4(ρl−ρg)/(ρl2σ3)) and gravitational pull (estimated by Archimedes number, Ar=gD3ρl2/μ2) on the phase contours are also reported. Finally, an analytical formulation is proposed to analyze the structure of entrainment, and this model reports an excellent match with the numerical findings.
Peer Mentoring to Enhance Graduate Students’ Sense of Belonging and Academic Success
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen YuChun , Hamilton Michelle , Harris Katie
Published: September 2022

Peer mentoring is a learning process wherein a more experienced student provides advice and support to a less experienced student during their academic career. At the graduate level, peer mentoring has been shown to increase social support, career readiness, retention, and graduation rates among first-year students. In spring 2021, the Exercise Science graduate program at Texas State University initiated a peer mentoring program. The participants reported that they felt more integrated in the graduate program. Meeting and socializing with mentor/mentee have enhanced their sense of belonging and relatedness, especially during COVID, when students felt more isolated. The professional relationship made them more prone to return and strive for academic success. This article describes a peer mentoring program that has been successfully implemented in a kinesiology graduate program and makes recommendations for universities to study the impact of peer mentoring on marginalized student well-being, retention, career readiness, and academic success in future research.