bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation on xylose improves glucose-xylose co-utilization and ethanol production in a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) compromised ethanologenic strain
Authors: Dev Chandra , Jilani Syed Bilal , Yazdani Syed Shams
Published: May 2022

Background: Sugar hydrolyzates from lignocellulosic biomass are majorly composed of glucose and xylose that can be fermented to biofuels. Bacteria, despite having the natural ability to consume xylose are unable to consume it in presence of glucose due to a Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR) mechanism, leading to overall reduced productivity and incomplete xylose utilization due to ethanol build-up. In our effort to develop a strain for simultaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose into ethanol, we deleted ptsG in ethanologenic E.coli SSK42 to make it deficient in CCR and performed adaptive laboratory evolution to achieve accelerated growth rate, sugar consumption and ethanol production. Finally, we performed proteomics study to identify changes that might have been responsible for the observed improved phenotype of the evolved strain.Results: The parental strain of SSK42, i.e., wild-type E.coli B, did not co-utilize glucose and xylose as expected. After deleting the ptsG gene encoding the EIIBCGlc subunit of PTS system, glucose consumption is severely affected in wild-type E.coli B. However, the ethanologenic, SSK42 strain, which was evolved in our earlier study on both glucose and xylose, didn’t show such a drastic effect of EIIBCGlc deletion, instead consumed glucose first, followed by xylose without delay for switching from one sugar to another. To improve growth on xylose and co-utilization capabilities, the ptsG deleted SSK42 was evolved on xylose. The strain evolved for 78 generations, strain SCD78, displayed significant co-utilization of glucose and xylose sugars. At the bioreactor level, the strain SCD78 produced 3-times the ethanol titer of the parent strain with significant glucose-xylose co-utilization. The rate of glucose and xylose consumption also increased 3.4-fold and 3-fold, respectively. Proteome data indicates significant upregulation of TCA cycle proteins, respiration-related proteins and some transporters which may have a role in increasing the total sugar consumption and co-utilization of sugars.Conclusion: Through adaptive evolution, we have obtained a strain that has a significant glucose-xylose co-utilization phenotype with 3-fold higher total sugar consumption rate and ethanol production rate compared to the unevolved strain. This study also points out that adaptation on xylose is enough to impart glucose–xylose co-utilization property in CCR compromised ethanologenic strain SSK42.
Physiological and biochemical alterations in Capsicum annuum L. by the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans.
Authors: Bernardo Valeria Fernanda , Garita Sebastian A. , González Matias A. , Arango Maria C. , Saparrat Mario C.N. , Ruscitti Marcela F.
Published: May 2022

Nacobbus aberrans is responsible for producing significant production losses in numerous crops. For this reason, it is considered a major economic pest in several countries. In recent years, its incidence increased mainly in greenhouse crops. This work focused on the responses of various physiological and biochemical parameters of pepper plants growing in a soil infected by nematodes. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. A significant reduction in growth was observed in the inoculated plants, showing less accumulation of dry matter both in the aerial part and in the roots. The leaves of the inoculated plants presented lower chlorophyll and soluble proteins contents than the non-inoculated plants. Malonyldialdehyde content was higher in roots and leaves of inoculated plants than in plants without nematodes. An increase in the catalase and peroxidase activity was observed in plants infected by N. aberrans. The loss of functionality of the inoculated roots induced water stress.This was also confirmed by a greater accumulation of proline and sugars, metabolites used as osmoregulators in situations of water deficit.
Morphological difference of populations of Central Asian tortoise Agrionemys horsfieldii (GRAY 1844) distributed in Kashkadarya region
Authors: Yangiboyev Elmurod , Raximov Matnazar , Baltabayev Odamboy
Published: May 2022

This article provides a classification of morphological features of the Central Asian tortoise species Agrionemys horsfieldii (Gray 1844) distributed in Kashkadarya region. The data presented in the article are based on research materials conducted in Kashkadarya region in 2019-2022. Eleven sites were selected for the study, including biogeocinoses of deserts (260-600m above sea level), foothills(800-1500m above sea level) and mountains(1800-2200m above sea level). The reason, it is expedient to study morphological changes resulting from ecological adaptation in biogeocenoses, because a particular ecological environment leads to the encounter of similar individuals between subspecies. The differences between the morphological characteristics of the samples (n=204) taken over the whole region were then examined by means of mathematical modeling of pholidosis and morphological features. The aim of the study was to study the morphological differences of tortoises found in Kashkadarya region and to distinguish them as different subspecies or one subspecies. During the study, individuals belonging to the genus Agrionemys were returned in 8 of the 11 areas. When we looked at the carpases of A. horsfieldii (Gray 1844) individuals, we found that the distance difference between the 3,6,8 marginales scales was different, and we formed the W6M/W3M, W6M/W8M parameter for biostatistics from them, that this difference could determine the subspecies. And this parameter was analyzed by software XLSTAT done. Geometric morphology was then mathematically modeled using TPS until64 and TPS digetal256 software and analyzed by MorphoJ software.
RNASE2 is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltration in glioma
Authors: Niu Wanxiang , He Hu
Published: May 2022

Ribonuclease A family member 2 (RNASE2) is upregulated in many cancers and has been identified to be involved in the progression of the malignant process. However, the association of RNASE2 with glioma remains unclear. The expression of RNASE2 in glioma was first analyzed based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of RNASE2 in glioma. And Kaplan–Meier plots was designed to explore the correlation between RNASE2 expression and the patient prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed based on the TCGA dataset. The correlation between RNASE2 and immune infiltration was evaluated based on data in the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). In addition, the results were validated based on the Rembrandt cohort and Gravendeel cohort and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Our results highlighted that RNASE2 plays a key role as an independent prognostic factor in glioma. RNASE2 expression is associated with grade, IDH status, and 1p/19q codeletion. GSEA revealed that RNASE2 is closely correlated with the immune response. The RNASE2 expression level has significantly positive correlations with levels of infiltrating macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and NK cells in glioma. In conclusion, RNASE2 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune infiltration in glioma.
A case of pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta without previous cardiovascular surgery and any clinical symptoms - a case report
Authors: Chen Qiu-lin , Lai Qian-cheng
Published: May 2022

Background: False aneurysm of ascending aorta is a rare and life-threatening disease. Most of them occur after cardiovascular surgery and have obvious clinical symptoms. Case presentation: A very healthy adult male was admitted to hospital due to mediastinal space occupying during routine physical examination. The patient had no history of surgery and no clinical symptoms. He was diagnosed with a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta and underwent internal suture of the aneurysm with peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass. We also found that there was a kind of circular weak part in front of the ascending aorta, with a diameter of about 2cm. We don't know if he has immune related or unknown diseases related to the middle layer of the aorta. Finally, the patient recovered well. Conclusions: This case report can improve the awareness of the rare diseases of pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta, and the diagnosis of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm should not be ignored in patients with mediastinal space occupying lesions found in routine physical examination.
The circularly permuted globin domain of Androglobin
Authors: Reeder Brandon , Deganutti Giuseppe , Ukeri John , Atanasio Silvia , Svistunenko Dimitri , Ronchetti Christopher , Mobarec Juan Calos , Vos Marten , Wilson Michael , Reynolds Christopher
Published: May 2022

Androglobin, is a recently discovered circularly permuted, multi-domain is hemoglobin. Using a remote homologue alignment method, coupled with molecular modelling and molecular dynamics, we identified the alignment to other hemoglobins. This guided the first stable recombinant expression of an androglobin domain and the first structural and biochemical characterization of the globin domain of androglobin, which is split by an IQ domain. Tyrosine is found in place of the highly conserved phenylalanine that resides in the highly conserved CD1 position, a structural feature unknown in eukaryotes but common in prokaryotic globins. As expressed, the heme iron is hexacoordinate in the ferrous form but partially pentacoordinate in the ferric form. Exceptional in the globin superfamily, but similar to other hemoproteins such as cytochrome c’, the heme iron binds nitric oxide as a five coordinate complex. This work expands our knowledge of the fundamental chemistry of this hitherto elusive medically important protein.
Changes in Intestinal Flora Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant organisms Infection
Authors: Wei Yao , Yu Hang , Zhao Chenyan , Kong Jindan , Liu Xueke , Jin Jun , Huichen
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIncidence of antimicrobial-resistant infections has increased dramatically worldwide in the past few decades. To combat this alarming problem, strategies preventing colonization with resistant pathogens have been proposed. Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)may help in decolonizing multidrug-resistant organisms(MRO) and in preventing recurrent infections. In this study, efficacy of FMT against multidrug resistance was assessed.MethodsThree patients that suffered from multidrug resistance complicated with diarrhea were enrolled from January 2019 to September 2020. All had severe pulmonary infections. Standard FMT was given, and whole metagenome sequencing of stool was conducted before and after FMT.ResultsAll patients accepted FMT, and 12 samples were harvested. All treatments were successful, and there were no adverse events. All patients showed a decrease in species of intestinal flora, but FMT could recover some of the diversity. Normal people had the lowest abundance of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), but the patients had the highest abundance before FMT. FMT decreased ARGs to some extent. Nineteen ARG subtypes were significantly different between the normal group and the patients.ConclusionsPatients with MRO infections had increased abundance of ARGs and low bacterial diversity. FMT eradicated ARGs and restored microbial diversity, and there were no serious adverse events.Trial registration: retrospectively registered.
The Sustainable Development and Economic Impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Ethiopia
Authors: Bharti Mukesh Shankar
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to assess the economic growth and sustainable development of Ethiopia. To what extent does Chinese investment contribute to the overall economic development of Ethiopia after the Belt Road Initiatives (BRI)? What are the main focus areas for development in the region and how do BRI projects connect people with this initiative in the country? This research examines the development process under the use of a case study and discursive analysis to know the result of the investigation. The study is deeply elaborated and the technique adds the analytical and qualitative methods. Further, this research tries to highlight the key approaches and concepts of the Chinese engagement in Ethiopia. And country achieves development in several sectors after the BRI initiatives. The BRI projects successfully pioneer the transport systems, road, railway, small industry, automobile sectors, and health development programs in Ethiopia. As result, the Chinese investments bring changes to the country after the successful launch of the BRI initiatives in the country. Furthermore, as a conclusion of the investigation, study describes that there is a need to initiate many projects to improve human social and economic life in Ethiopia. Because the country is suffering from many internal problems and China has to work to eradicate recurring problems in the country. As an external actor, the role of China gains importance in Ethiopia in the context of the New Silk Road economic engagement in the African Continent.
Volatile Metabolomics from Cashew Leaves: Assessment of Resistance Biomarkers Associated with Black Mold (Pilgeriella anacardii Arx & Müller)
Authors: de Sousa Debora , da Silva Gisele , Guedes Jhonyson , Serrano Luiz , Martins Marlon , Rodrigues Tigressa , de Brito Edy , Zampieri Davila , Lima Mary , Zocolo Guilherme
Published: May 2022

Black mold, a disease caused by the fungus Pilgeriella anacardii Arx & Müller, affects cashews (Anacardium occidentale). Some cashew clones are more resistant to the pathogen; however, little is known about the chemical profile responsible for this trait. The investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from leaves of dwarf cashew clones resistant (BRS 226 and BRS 265) and susceptible (CCP 76 and BRS 189) to the pathogen was carried out. Leaves were collected during the months of disease incidence and decline (March to July 2019, Brazil), and VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with chemometric tools. The GC-MS analysis tentatively identified 96 compounds. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‑DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and ROC curves analysis were useful in dividing VOCs into distinct resistance and associated chemical susceptibility groups for different clones. The VOCs in the leaves of the resistant clones were identified as alcohols and aldehydes containing six carbons: (E)-hex-2-enal, hex-3-en- 1-ol, (Z)-hex-2-en-1-ol, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, and hexan-1-ol. Moreover, α-pinene, pseudolimonene, α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, sylvestrene, β-cis-ocimene, methyl salicylate, myrtenol, α-copaene, γ-muurolene, germacrene D, valencene, and germacrene B were also detected in these samples and may be candidate chemical biomarkers for cashew resistance to P. anacardii.
Effect of IBA, Brassinosteroid, and Bacterial Applications on Rooting of Some Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Genotypes by Hardwood Cuttings
Authors: ÇELİKER Muazzez , KOÇ Aysen
Published: May 2022

Rosehip is a species whose environmental and economic importance is increasing day by day. This study was carried out to determine the effect of auxin, brassinosteroid and bacteria for the adventitious rooting of hardwood cuttings belonging to the SRG 17 and SRK 26 genotypes, which were previously obtained by selection from the province of Yozgat. In the study, hardwood cuttings taken in February were used with single, double and triple IBA (2000 ppm), 24-eBL (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm) and a commercial bio prepare containing bacteria species of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Paenibacillus polymyx, Bacillus megaterium and Pantoea agglomerans. After combined treatment, they were planted in perlite+peat medium and removed after three months. While the highest rooting rate of 40% in SRG17 genotype was obtained from the triple combination of Bacteria + 24-eBL (0.50 ppm) + IBA (2000 ppm), it was obtained from Bacteria application with 43.33% in SRK26 genotype. Bacteria + 24-eBL (1.00 ppm) + IBA (2000 ppm) triple combination in SRG17 genotype in terms of root length and root number provided the highest values with 8.38±4.32 (cm) and 21.00±9.00 pcs, respectively. In the SRK26 genotype, 11.18±1.41 cm root length and 36.00±12.25 pcs were obtained from the 24-eBL (0.50 ppm) + IBA (2000 ppm) binary combination. The viability rates were determined three months after the rooted cuttings were taken into the pots, and the SRG17 genotype provided 100% survival in the binary combination Bacteria + 24-eBL (0.50 ppm) and 50% in the SRK26 genotype in the 24-eBL (0.50 ppm) application.
Endemik Stachys tundjeliensis Kit Tan & Sorger (Lamiaceae)’ in Uçucu Yağ Bileşenleri ve Kemotaksonomik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: YÜCE-BABACAN Ebru
Published: May 2022

Bu araştırmada, Tunceli’ de doğal olarak yetişen endemik Stachys tundjeliensis Kit Tan & Sorger bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarından su distilasyonu ile elde edilen uçucu yağ bileşenlerinin tespiti yapılmıştır. Çalışma ile bitkinin uçucu yağ bileşenlerini tespit ederek tür ve cinsin taksonomisine katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyali 2021 yılında Tunceli-Ovacık arasında çiçekli olarak toplanarak kurutulup hazır hale getirilmiştir. 100 g bitki örneğinden su distilasyonu yöntemi ile Clevenger aparatı kullanılarak 3 saat distile işlemi sonucu uçucu yağ elde edilmiştir. Analiz için GC/MS (Gaz Kromatografi/Kütle Spektrometresi) cihazı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen uçucu yağda toplam 29 bileşen belirlenmiştir. Okaliptol (%28.9), timol (%14.3), 4 karvomethanol (%12.5), d-piperiton (%11.2), pinen (%6.3) ve terpineol (%5.7) yüksek orandaki bileşenlerdir. Bu bileşenlerden okaliptol/timol kemotip olarak düşünülebilir.
Floresans Enerji Transferi Üzerine Grafen Oksitin Kuençleştirici Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BEŞER Burcu Meryem
Published: May 2022

Pirazolin türevi iki izomer molekül (4.2 ve 2.2) için sodyum dodesil sülfat misel ortamında seçilen dört farklı floresans probla (Safranin T, Akridin O, Pyronin Y, Floresin) gerçekleştirilen floresans enerji transferine bir floresans sönümleyici olduğu bilinen grafen oksitin kuençleştirici etkisi incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma durgun hal floresans spektroskopi tekniği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enerji transferi ile ilgili parametreler Förster kinetiğine, kuençleşme ile ilgili parametreler ise Stern-Volmer kinetiğine göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda donör-akseptör çiftleri arasındaki floresans enerji transferinin GO tarafından zayıflatıldığı fakat tamamen sonlanmadığı ve düşük oranda devam ettiği anlaşılmıştır.
Bazı Fenolik Bileşiklerin Glutatyon S-Transferaz Enzim İnhibitörleri Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZASLAN Muhammet Serhat
Published: May 2022

Glutatyon S-transferazlar (GSTs) önemli antioksidan enzim sınıfındadırlar ve glutatyonun toksik metabolitlerle konjugasyonunu katalize ederler. Yapılan bu çalışmada, bazı fenolik bileşiklerin GST enziminin aktivitesi üzerine potansiyel inhibisyon etkileri in vitro olarak test edilmiştir. Morin hidrat, eskuletin hidrat, p-kumarik asit ve siringaldehit fenolik bileşiklerinin GST enzimi üzerine IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 0.718 μM, 0.713 μM, 0.701 μM ve 0.699 μM olarak bulunmuştur. Ki değerleri ise sırasıyla 1.610±0.120, 0.179± 0.019, 4.590±0.480, 0.999±0.070 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre en iyi inhibisyon etkisini eskuletin hidrat göstermiş olup yarışmalı inhibisyon türü sergilemiştir.
Dual Uzayda N-Bishop Çatısına Göre Smarandache Eğrileri ve Karşılık Geldiği Regle Yüzeyleri
Authors: KUSAK SAMANCI Hatice , CENGİZ Veysi
Published: May 2022

Dual uzayda dual birim küre üzerinde seçilen dual Smarandache eğrisi Öklid-3 uzayındaki yönlü doğruların oluşturmuş olduğu regle yüzeye karşılık gelir. Bu çalışmada dual N-Bishop çatısının dual bileşenlerinin yardımıyla oluşturulan dual Smarandache eğrilerine karşılık gelen regle yüzeylerine ait bazı karakterizasyonlar incelenmiştir.
Behavioral Modification of an Uncooperative Preschool Child with Sickle Beta Thalassemia Disease in a Dental Clinic: A Case Report
Authors: Alhasan Hussain , Samara Ahmad , Bamashmous Nada , Sabbagh Heba Jafar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Treating medically compromised pediatric patients with dental anxiety can be challenging, especially when general anesthesia and sedation are not an option. This paper reported a case of an uncooperative preschool child who was medically compromised and presented in the dental clinic with Severe-Early-Childhood-Caries (S-ECC). The dental behavior management of such a case was not previously discussed in the literature.

Case Presentation:

This paper explains the dental management and behavior modification carried out for a 5-year-old male child who was diagnosed with sickle beta thalassemia disease (Sβ-thalassemia), S-ECC, had a negative dental behavior, and was successfully and efficiently treated under a dental setting. The patient presented with his mother, who was concerned about her child’s decayed teeth and sought dental treatment as soon as possible to avoid any risk of infection. Dental examination revealed multiple dental caries and high caries risk. The patient’s behavior can be classified as definitely negative with high level of anxiety. The mother showed permissive parenting and the father exerted an authoritative parenting style. Dental management focused mainly on child behavioral modificationviautilizing the difference between the parenting styles. Middle way of treatment, the child showed behavioral improvement, which was progressing toward the end of the treatment. Teeth were successfully restored with composite and metal crowns.

Conclusion:

With several behavior management techniques and understanding the parenting styles, the patient's behavior improved, and the treatment plan was successfully used on a dental chair without the need for more advanced management under general anesthesia.
RED ONION (Allium ascalonicum) PEEL EXTRACT AS A NATURAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS TO ENHANCE THE OXIDATION STABILITY OF REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED PALM OIL (RBDPO)
Authors: Ayu Prameswari Destia , Retno Maryuni Dela , Dini Astari Saffarina , Permata Sari Salsabila , Nuriza Putri Desiana
Published: May 2022

The repeated use of cooking oil can trigger chemical reactions that cause the cooking oil to be unstable to heat. Red onion peel may be an antioxidant because it contains flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, saponins, and alkaloids that scavenge free radicals. This study aims to prove the use of natural antioxidant concentrations of onion peel. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments of onion peel extract, namely 3% (P1), 6% (P2), 9% (P3) 12% (P4), without treatment (P-), and the addition of 0,1% BHT (P+) with consecutive times. The ability of antioxidant of onion peel extract is known to be able to maintain the stability of cooking oil compared to an antioxidant synthetic BHT. Peroxide in extract oil 9% (6.65 meq/kg), Total Oxidation in extract oil 9% (15.92 meq/kg), P-anisidine in extract oil 3% and 9% (3.54 meq/kg) /kg and 3.92 meq/kg) and the iodine value of the extract oil 3%, and 9% (21.41 mg iodine/g and 20.81 mg iodine/g). It was found that natural antioxidants of onion peel extract showed better primary oxidation inhibition ability than synthetic antioxidants BHT and among the five types of antioxidant concentrations, antioxidants from onion peel extract 9% showed the best oxidation inhibition ability. So that it can be obtained that the addition of onion peel extract is used as a natural antioxidant to maintain the stability of the oil against heat
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA PEMBEKUAN TERHADAP KUALITAS NASI SORGUM INSTAN
Authors: Ramdayani Hesti , Sofia Murtini Erni
Published: May 2022

Biji sorgum berpotensi untuk menggantikan beras sebagai makanan pokok karena kemiripan kandungan nutrisinya. Namun, diperlukan waktu yang cukup lama untuk memasak biji sorgum. Nasi sorgum instan dikembangkan untuk mempercepat penyajian dan juga untuk memperpanjang umur simpan. Suhu dan waktu pembekuan merupakan tahapan penting dalam proses instanisasi nasi sorgum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama pembekuan terhadap karakteristik nasi sorgum instan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak kelompok faktorial. Faktor pertama menggunakan suhu pembekuan -4, -12, dan -20 °C dan faktor kedua lama pembekuan yaitu 12, 18, dan 24 jam. Suhu dan lama pembekuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik kimia dan fisik nasi sorgum instan yaitu diperoleh. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada produk dengan suhu pembekuan -20 °C dan lama pembekuan 24 jam. Karakteristik produk nasi sorgum instan terbaik yaitu kadar air 61,62%, kadar abu 0,18%, kadar protein 5,40%, kadar lemak 2,27%, kadar karbohidrat 30,53%, waktu rehidrasi 4,18 menit, daya serap air 157,28%, rendemen 95,33%, hardness 77,2 g, densitas kamba 0,48 g/ml, nilai kecerahan (L*) 43,13, kemerahan (a*) 2,33, dan kekuningan (b*) 8,43
SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIAWI DAN FUNGSIONAL TEPUNG UWI (Dioscorea spp.) YANG DI MODIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN CAIRAN SAUERKRAUT
Authors: Ulyarti Ulyarti , Surhaini Surhaini , Sri Wahyuni Yuli , Nazarudin Nazarudin
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama fermentasi menggunakan cairan kubis fermentasi (sauerkraut) terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan fungsional tepung uwi kuning (Dioscorea spp.). Cairan sauerkraut hari ke-3 (72 jam fermentasi) sebagai sumber Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) digunakan dalam proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 taraf perlakuan, yaitu tanpa fermentasi (kontrol), 12, 24, 36, 48, dan 60 jam fermentasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu pembuatan cairan sauerkraut dan pembuatan tepung fermentasi. Cairan sauerkraut mengalami peningkatan total mikroba dan penurunan nilai pH seiring dengan lamanya fermentasi. Pada cairan fermentasi uwi terjadi peningkatan total mikroba dan penurunan pH selama 48 jam fermentasi. Fermentasi lebih dari 48 jam mengakibatkan jumlah mikroba menurun kembali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama fermentasi memiliki pengaruh (p ≤ 0,05) terhadap nilai kromatik warna b* 25,95 (48 jam), solubility pada titik suhu 65 °C dan 75 °C, kapasitas penyerapan air 2,28 g/g (60 jam), dan aktivitas antioksidan 67,68% (60 jam), namun tidak berpengaruh (p ≥ 0,05) pada kadar air, kadar serat, nilai kromatik warna L* dan a*, °hue, swelling power, solubility dibeberapa titik suhu (70, 80, 85, 90, 95 °C), kapasitas penyerapan minyak, dan aktivitas emulsi.
Long-term Effects of a Social Media–Based Intervention (Run4Love) on Depressive Symptoms of People Living With HIV: 3-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guo Yan , Li Yingqi , Yu Chuanchuan , Xu He , Hong Y Alicia , Wang Xiaolan , Zhang Nanxiang , Zeng Yu , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Li Linghua , Liu Cong , Cai Weiping , Lin Aihua
Published: May 2022

Background

Emerging studies have shown the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in reducing depressive symptoms among people living with HIV. Most of these studies included only short-term follow-up, with limited data on long-term effects.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial called Run4Love on depressive symptoms among people living with HIV at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups.

Methods

A total of 300 people living with HIV with depressive symptoms were recruited and randomized to an intervention or a control group in Guangzhou, China, from September 2017 to January 2018. The intervention group received a 3-month Run4Love program, including adapted evidence-based cognitive behavioral stress management courses and exercise promotion via WeChat (Tencent), a popular social media app. The control group received usual care and a brochure on nutrition. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptoms, measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. Data used in this study were collected at baseline and at the 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the group differences at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups.

Results

Approximately half of the participants completed the assessment at 1-year (149/300, 49.7%) and 3-year (177/300, 59%) follow-ups. At 1-year follow-up, participants in the intervention group reported significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with the control group (CES-D: from 23.9 to 18.1 in the intervention group vs from 24.3 to 23.3 in the control group; mean −4.79, SD 13.56; 95% CI −7.78 to −1.81; P=.002). At 3-year follow-up, between-group difference in CES-D remained statistically significant (from 23.9 to 20.5 in the intervention group vs from 24.3 to 24.4 in the control group; mean −3.63, SD 13.35; 95% CI −6.71 to −0.54; P=.02). No adverse events were reported during the 3-year follow-up period.

Conclusions

The mHealth intervention, Run4Love, significantly reduced depressive symptoms among people living with HIV, and the intervention effects were sustained at 1-year and 3-year follow-ups. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of the long-term effects of mHealth interventions such as Run4Love and to implement these effective interventions among people living with HIV.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-17012606; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-IPR-17012606

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/10274
Strengthening Interpersonal Relationships in Maternal and Child Health Care in Rural Tanzania: Protocol for a Human-Centered Design Intervention
Authors: Isangula Kahabi , Shumba Constance , Pallangyo Eunice S , Mbekenga Columba , Ndirangu-Mugo Eunice
Published: May 2022

Background

Evidence indicates that clients’ dissatisfaction with providers’ competencies within maternal and child health (MCH) continues to impact trust in formal health care systems, service uptake, continuity with care, and MCH outcomes. A major problem with existing interventions is the failure to address all the complexities of provider-client relationships necessitating targeted, contextualized, innovative solutions that place providers and clients at the forefront as agents of change in optimizing intervention design and implementation. To improve the provider-client relationship, the Aga Khan University is piloting a human-centered design (HCD) intervention where MCH nurses and clients are invited to partner with researchers in the intervention design and evaluation process.

Objective

The objective of this research is to co-design an intervention package (prototype) for improving nurse-client relationships in the rural Shinyanga region of Tanzania using a series of iterative HCD steps, involving key stakeholders to tailor solutions for complex problems impacting provider-client interactions in MCH care.

Methods

The following 5-step HCD approach will be implemented: (1) community-driven discovery through qualitative descriptive research methods using focus group discussions and key informant interviews; (2) co-design of an intervention package through consultative ideation and cocreation meetings with nurses, clients, and other stakeholders; (3) prototype validation through qualitative insight gathering using focus group discussions; (4) refinement and adaptation meeting; and (5) documentation and sharing of lessons learned before the final prototype is tested and validated in a broader community.

Results

A prototype characterized by a package of interventions for improving nurse-client relationships in MCH care in rural contexts is expected to be developed from the co-design process.

Conclusions

An HCD approach provides a novel entry point for strengthening provider-client relationships, where clients are invited to partner with providers in the design of acceptable and feasible interventions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/37947
Peer Review of “The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on National Case-Fatality Rates: Correlation and Validation Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Mbwogge Mathew
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to ms#32935.
Appeal of Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Ivanov D.D.
Published: May 2022

No abstract
Effect of FN1 mutation on outcomes of fibronectin glomerulopathy in a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shamekhi Fateme
Published: May 2022

Background. Fibronectin glomerulopathy is an inherited kidney disease that is characterized with extensive depositions of fibronectin in mesangium and subendothelial space. The aim of study is to assess effect of fibronectin gene on decreased renal function and likeliness of recurrence of the disease after kidney transplantation. Materials and methods. In retrospective descriptive studies, fifty-seven patients with fibronectin glomerulopathy were enrolled in this research. Relative risk and Odds ratio for assessing effect measures of risk factor on outcomes of disease were used. Results. Of fifty-seven patients with fibronectin glomerulopathy, thirty-six patients (36/57, 63.1 %) were male and twenty-one patients were female (21/57, 36.8 %). Relative risk and Odds ratio of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in nephrotic-range proteinuria versus non-nephrotic range proteinuria were assessed 1.33 and 1.39, respectively. Relative risk and Odds ratio of end-stage kidney disease with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in patients with positive FN1 gene (as risk or contributing factor) versus patients with negative FN1 gene was assessed 0.66 and 0.50, respectively. Risk of recurrence after kidney transplant with nephrotic-range proteinuria was assessed 0.83 (95% confidence interval of 0.1213 to 5.7244) and odds ratio of recurrence after kidney transplant with nephrotic proteinuria versus non-nephrotic range proteinuria was assessed 0.75 (95% confidence interval of 0.03757 to 14.9733) in the current research. Conclusions. Relative risk and odds ratio of end-stage kidney disease in nephrotic-range proteinuria versus non-nephrotic range proteinuria were assessed 1.33 and 1.39, respectively. Therefore, it appears risk of fibronectin gene 1 on end-stage kidney disease with kidney replacement therapy be low.
Expression of plasmid-mediated resistance genes ESBLs and PMQR among uropathogens, isolated from non-dialysis CKD patients with pyelonephritis
Authors: Chub O.І. , Teslenko S.V. , Chub O.V.
Published: May 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are thought to be the most common group of bacterial infections, worldwide. It is estimated that the proportion of UTIs remains at a high level reaching 150 million episodes per year worldwide and accounting for $6 billion in health care expenditures. In USA more than 100,000 hospital admissions per year are the UTIs patients, among them the patients with pyelonephritis are the most frequent. For the US outpatients, approximately 15 % of antibiotics used are prescribed for UTIs. However, recent studies in Europe and the United States have demonstrated a steady increase in the rate of uropathogen resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, and this obviously will lead to a reduction in therapeutic possibilities of UTI. CDC has estimated that more thаn 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths are due to antibiotic resistance each year. By 2050, it is estimated, that antibiotic resistance will cause 10 million deaths every year. Infection is an importаnt cause of mоrbidity and mоrtality amоng patients with kidney failurе and is the sеcond lеading causе of death following CVD. At the EU/EEA level, more than half (54 %) of the E.coli isolates reported to EARS-Net for 2020 were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial groups under regular surveillance, i.e. aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems. A majority (87.4 %) of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E.coli isolates from 2020 were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials is a known risk factor for colonization and spread of resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including E.coli. The high levels of ESBLs and increasing resistance to key antimicrobial groups might also lead to an increased consumption of carbapenems, which in turn can increase the selection pressure and facilitated the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The article presents data on the antibacterial susceptibility of isolated uropathogens, and their association with the presence or absence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes ESBLs and PMQR.
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits: why nephrobiopsy is crucial
Authors: Chub O.I. , Dyadyk O.O. , Ivanov D.D.
Published: May 2022

Proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMIDs) is a recently described entity among the spectrum of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). The disease is renal limited and manifests in chronic glomerular disease, altered renal function and albuminuria, sometimes in the nephrotic range. Acute nephritic syndrome is rare. Until recently, in the absence of criteria for symptomatic haematological disease, patients with monoclonal Ig-related nephropathies often experienced difficulties in getting appropriate chemotherapy. Noticeable progress in management was achieved with the introduction of the concept of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, which distinguishes the situation of nephropathies induced by dangerous small B-cell clones from that of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) that does not feature any end-organ damage. Monoclonal gammapathy of renal significance is not an independent kidney disease, not “chronic glomerulonephritis”, but a condition in which kidney damage is secondary to clonal B-cell proliferation. In other words, MGRS is a precancerous disease combined with chronic kidney disease that requires immediate treatment. Renal prognosis is poor, with progression to end stage renal disease in 25 % of patients within 30 months and frequent early recurrence on the renal allograft. However, recent studies indicate that clone-targeted chemotherapy may significantly improve renal outcomes, opening future perspectives for the management of this rare disease.
Penalaran Probabilistik dan Keyakinan terhadap Gejala Paranormal Mahasiswa Psikologi
Authors: Widyaningrum Analisa , Hastjarjo Thomas Dicky
Published: May 2022

Keyakinan terhadap gejala paranormal merupakan permasalahan pseudoscience atau ilmu pengetahuan lancung. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji keyakinan terhadap gejala paranormal para mahasiswa psikologi di kota Yogyakarta. Kognisi manusia khususnya kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melakukan penalaran probabilistik berhubungan dengan keyakinan terhadap gejala paranormal. Penelitian ini menjadikan penalaran probabilistik menjadi prediktor atas keyakinan mengenai gejala paranormal dari 105 mahasiswa peserta matakuliah Psikologi Umum di dua Universitas di kota Yogyakarta. Pengukuran kepercayaan terhadap gejala paranormal memakai skala adaptasi dari skala Tobacyk yang terdiri dari 26 item favorabel sedangkan kemampuan penalaran probabilistik diukur oleh sembilan (9) soal pilihan ganda dengan 4 pilihan jawaban yang tersedia. Analisis regresi menghasilkan nilai R = 0,265 (F = 7,802; p < 0,05) yang berarti penalaran probabilistik dapat menjadi prediktor keyakinan mengenai gejala paranormal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan penalaran probabilistik dan keyakinan terhadap gejala paranormal antara mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan.
Hardiness, Dukungan Sosial, dan Penyesuaian Diri Guru Tingkat Sekolah Dasar di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Purifiedriyaningrum Immatulfathina , Saptandari Edilburga Wulan
Published: May 2022

Guru sebagai salah satu aktor utama dalam pendidikan perlu memiliki kemampuan penyesuaian diri yang baik agar mampu merespon ketidakpastian, perubahan, dan kebaruan secara efektif. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran hardiness dan dukungan sosial pada penyesuaian diri guru dalam konteks pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 di tingkat sekolah dasar. Sebanyak 198 guru di tingkat sekolah dasar terlibat dalam studi survei kuantitatif ini.  Penelitian ini menggunakan convenience sampling sebagai teknik sampling dan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Tiga instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala hardiness, skala penyesuaian diri, dan skala dukungan sosial. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa secara simultan hardiness dan dukungan sosial berperan pada penyesuaian diri guru dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 47,8% (F = 89,21; p < 0,01). Hasil tersebut dapat menjadi salah satu dasar bagi pengambil kebijakan di dunia pendidikan guna meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyesuaikan diri menghadapi perubahan yang terus terjadi.
Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Ibu yang Berperan Ganda Ditinjau dari Dukungan Suami dan Tekanan Psikologis
Authors: Yosita Tan Laurencia , Wismanto Yohannes Bagus , Yudiati Erna Agustina
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan suami dan tekanan psikologis pada ibu yang berperan ganda. Kesejahteraan psikologis dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu usia, pendapatan, etnis, dukungan sosial, tekanan psikologis, status keuangan, status pernikahan, kehadiran anak, stabilitas pekerjaan, status sosial dan ekonomi, budaya, dan evaluasi terhadap beberapa area kehidupan. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 120 orang ibu yang memiliki peran ganda, berusia 23 sampai 28 tahun, memiliki pasangan dan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala kesejahteraan psikologis (Psychological Well Being Scale yang disusun oleh Ryff), skala dukungan suami yang diadaptasi dari Support in Intimare Relationship Rating Scale, dan skala tekanan psikologis (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale K-10). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan antara dukungan suami dan tekanan psikologis terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis (Ryx1x2 = 0,379; p < 0,01). Selain itu, terdapat hubungan positif antara dukungan suami dan kesejahteraan psikologis (rx1y = 0,298; p < 0,05). Hasil selanjutnya juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara tekanan psikologis dengan kesejahteraan psikologis (rx2y = -0,322; p < 0,05). Hal ini berarti ketika ibu yang berperan ganda memiliki dukungan suami yang tinggi dan tekanan psikologis yang rendah, maka kesejahteraan psikologis akan tinggi, begitu pula sebaliknya. Sumbangan yang efektif dari kedua variabel tersebut terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis adalah 12,9%.
Peran Persepsi Dukungan Sosial dan Efikasi Diri terhadap Konflik Sekolah-Keluarga pada Mahasiswa Strata Tiga (S-3)
Authors: Noveni Nia Anggri , Ekowarni Endang
Published: May 2022

Keputusan individu pada masa dewasa tengah yang sudah menikah dengan melanjutkan pendidikan dapat menambah tanggung jawab akademik sebagai mahasiswa S-3, selain tanggung jawab pada keluarga. Ketidakseimbangan tanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan peran sebagai anggota keluarga dan peran di sekolah sebagai mahasiswa S-3 dapat memicu terjadinya konflik sekolah-keluarga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji peran persepsi dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri terhadap konflik sekolah-keluarga. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah peran persepsi dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri secara bersama-sama dapat memprediksi konflik sekolah, keluarga. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 41 mahasiswa S-3 di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (MIPA) Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) yang berusia dalam rentang umur 34-60 tahun, sudah menikah dan telah menempuh pendidikan S-3 selama satu tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu: skala konflik sekolah, keluarga, skala persepsi dukungan sosial, dan skala efikasi diri. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi ganda dengan bantuan SPSS 22. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai F=7,487 dengan p=0,002 artinya terdapat hubungan antara persepsi dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri secara bersama-sama terhadap konflik sekolah-keluarga dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 28,3%.
Risk Cognition and Behavior Analysis of Online Shopping of Agricultural Materials for Young Rural Residents
Authors: Jun Zhou , Gi-Young Chung
Published: May 2022

Most young rural residents have had the experience of online shopping, but online shopping of agricultural materials are not popular. This paper hopes to construct an empirical model to analyze the behavior through the cognitive research on the key risk factors, including the quality risk of online agricultural products and after-sales service risk (general online shopping risk and technical service risk factor), which affect young farmers’ choice of online agricultural materials. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the perceived risk of agricultural materials online shopping and the attitude and willingness of young farmers. The greater the perceived risk, the lower the attitude and willingness of agricultural materials online shopping. The attitude of purchasing agricultural materials online shopping played a partial intermediary role in the relationship between perceived risk and willingness to purchase agricultural materials online. The stronger the willingness to buy agricultural materials online, the higher the conversion rate will be. Therefore, mastering the willingness and behavior of young farmers to online purchase agricultural materials and guiding them can change the backward development of agricultural materials e-commerce, boost rural agricultural production and accelerate the revitalization of Rural China.
Многоуровневое моделирование рабочих процессов селективного лазерного сплавления
Authors: Борейшо А.С. , Джгамадзе Г.Т. , Моисеев А.А. , Савин А.В. , Смирнов П.Г.
Published: May 2022

Селективное лазерное сплавление (СЛС) является перспективным направлением аддитивных технологий. Проблема контроля микроструктуры и качества конечного изделия, получаемая методом СЛС, решается подбором режимов плавления с помощью экспериментального поиска или численного моделирования. На сегодняшний день сформировалась многоуровневая методология моделирования СЛС-процессов, которая и рассматривается в настоящей работе.
Роль мод утечек в работе устройств на основе интегрально-­оптических интерферометров Маха-­Цендера
Authors: Коротеев Д.А. , Герасименко В.С. , Герасименко Н.Д. , Петров В.М.
Published: May 2022

Исследовано влияние мод утечки на работу СВЧ интегрально-­оптических амплитудных модуляторов и квантовых генераторов шума, построенных по схеме интерферометра Маха-­Цендера. Показано, что рассеяние оптической мощности через моды утечек приводит к уменьшению динамического диапазона амплитудного модулятора, и, что самое главное, к возможности атаки нарушителем на квантовую линию связи. Для квантовых генераторов шума, построенных по схеме интерферометра Маха-­Цендера, моды утечки обеспечивают проникновение в схему генератора шума вакуумных флуктуаций, что необходимо для работы генератора.
Применение спектрофотометрических методов для идентификации красителей
Authors: Апрелев А.В. , Смирнов В.А. , Давыдова Е.В.
Published: May 2022

В настоящее время актуальной проблемой является идентификация вина, алкогольсодержащих напитков, соков и сокосодержащих напитков на наличие синтетических красителей простыми и доступными в исполнении средствами. В статье содержится краткое описание проведенных исследований, концепции созданного спектрофотометрического прибора и базы данных численных значений оптической плотности синтетических красителей, применяемых при производстве вина, соков и сокосодержащих напитков.
Электропластический эффект в крупнозернистом и ультрамелкозернистом титане
Authors: Столяров В.В. , Смаковский М.С.
Published: May 2022

Электропластический эффект изучается в крупнозернистом и ультрамелкозернистом титане под совместным воздействием деформации растяжения и электрического тока различных типов и режимов. Показано, что уменьшение размера зерна влияет не только на увеличение прочностных характеристик, но также и на снижение электропластического эффекта, механизм которого тесно связан с плотностью подвижных дислокаций.