bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actualidade e Inactualidade da Ética Kantiana
Authors: Ribeiro dos Santos Leonel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2021

Après une réflexion à propos du sens de l’actualité ou de l’inactualité en philosophie, on s'intérroge sur les signes ambigus de la culture contemporaine qui peuvent indiquer soit le crépuscule de la morale soit le retour de l'éthique. Dans ce contexte on cherche à faire la récension et l'interprétation des témoignages d’un très récent intérêt pour la philosophie pratique de Kant, entendue au sens large en tant que philosophie morale, philosophie politique et philosophie du droit. Étant donné son caractère foncièrement universaliste qui l’immunise contre les éthnocentrismes, son style constructiviste grâce auquel les acteurs sont invités à participer dans l'élaboration des normes de sa conduite et son sens cosmopolite qui la rend sensible à l’unité essentielle et à la solidarité des êtres humains, la disposant en même temps pour comprendre la diversité des individus, des peuples et des cultures, la philosophie pratique de Kant montre son aptitude pour animer le débat éthique contemporain et pour aider à trouver des réponses aux questions éthicopolitiques d’une époque qui est attirée par deux phénomènes qui semblent contradictoires: la globalisation, qui rend homogènes les manières de penser et de vivre, et le multiculturalisme, qui rélativise, tribalise et banalise toutes les valeurs.
Del sacrilegio al desagravio. Culto y ritual de la imagen sagrada en la Valencia del primer franquismo
Authors: Doménech García Sergi
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo aborda, en primer lugar, la mirada sobre los ataques iconoclastas desde la perspectiva del primer franquismo y la construcción del discurso de regeneración nacional por medio de la idea del advenimiento de un nuevo tiempo cristiano. A continuación, se estudia la restitución al culto de las imágenes sagradas, seguido de un estudio del caso valenciano centrado principalmente en los ejemplos de la Virgen de los Desamparados y el Cristo del Grao como representantes de la activación de geografías devocionales. Las dos tesis principales del artículo son que los actos de desagravio se organizaron con la intención de construir un relato oficial de los actos iconoclastas y que funcionaron como un ejercicio de apropiación del poder de la imagen sagrada por parte del nuevo orden político.
En el nombre del padre… Joan de Joanes en el taller de Vicent Macip (c. 1520-1542). Consideraciones sobre las autorías compartidas
Authors: Herrero-Cortell Miguel Ángel , Puig Sanchis Isidro
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo se centra en el periodo de consolidación de Joan de Joanes como maestro pintor, y particularmente en el momento en el que, antes de ocuparse de la dirección del obrador familiar trabajó como oficial, a la sombra de su padre. A través de una serie de casos de estudio se perfila someramente la incipiente actividad artística del joven Joanes, al tiempo que se plantean algunas consideraciones sobre el trabajo en los talleres. Todo ello suscita una revisión de la atribución de ciertas obras que en lo sucesivo deben considerarse de autoría conjunta. Se plantean entre líneas, por último, una serie de reflexiones y premisas que, aunque son especialmente válidas para el caso del taller familiar de los Macip, se manifiestan igualmente operativas para otros muchos artistas del periodo.
La iconografía de la Victoria: Nikoma(chos) en un entalle romano procedente de la ciudad de Magdala (Migdal, Iudaea/Syria Palaestina)
Authors: Ozcáriz-Gil Pablo
Published: October 2021

En este artículo se analiza la iconografía de una pieza hallada en la excavación de Magdala (Migdal, Galilea, Israel). Está realizada en piedra y cuenta con el dibujo de una Victoria alada sobre una biga, con el látigo al viento para iniciar la marcha, una tipología de escena con gran trascendencia en la Historia del Arte. Sobre la imagen de la Victoria se encuentra la inscripción Nikoma(chou), que muy posiblemente hace referencia al nombre del dueño del entalle. El estilo, la iconografía de la pieza y la cronología del contexto arqueológico remiten a una cronología del s. I d.C. o algo posterior. Se trata de una pieza excepcional, en base a la combinación de epigrafía e iconografía en la misma pieza, pues en este caso texto e imagen se relacionan, se complementan y se retroalimentan. Por ello el estudio iconográfico del entalle es determinante para comprender el valor artístico de esta diminuta obra de arte.
Inmersión en la imagen: del panorama a las nuevas realidades digitales
Authors: Martínez Luna Sergio
Published: October 2021

El artículo aborda las tecnologías visuales de inmersión en la imagen desde los paradigmas de la Arqueología de los Medios. Este paradigma posibilita componer una historia no lineal de los medios no dependiente del discurso de progresiva sofisticación de la representación dirigida teleológicamente a la consecución de una imagen hiperreal y perfecta. De este modo, una de las materializaciones de la imagen inmersiva, el panorama decimonónico, se reconecta con los desarrollos actuales de las realidades virtual, aumentada y mixta (así como con otros ejemplos de otros contextos y épocas) y con las fuerzas culturales y socioeconómicas que condicionan a estos dispositivos inmersivos y a su especificidad como medios autónomos. Se abordan, desde los conceptos de inmersión, presencia y participación, el alcance de una aproximación transmedial a los dispositivos, prácticas y experiencias de la cultura visual digital y el significado del cuestionamiento de los límites de la imagen establecidos por el marco.
Gótico y romanticismo: el monasterio toledano de San Juan de los Reyes a través de la literatura romántica
Authors: García Alcázar Silvia
Published: October 2021

El objetivo principal de este estudio es realizar un breve recorrido por algunas de las obras literarias decimonónicas de carácter romántico que hicieron alusión a la arquitectura de San Juan de los Reyes. Para ello, partiremos de un contexto general para entender la concepción que se tenía en la época acerca de la Edad Media y su arquitectura por influencia del Romanticismo. Finalmente, se analizarán ejemplos concretos de textos para lo que no solo se han tenido en cuenta los datos aportados por literatos españoles como Bécquer, sino también los libros de viajes de autores extranjeros como Gautier o el barón Davillier, entre otros. La información ofrecida por cada uno de ellos contribuyó notablemente al conocimiento de una época dura para el monumento que se había visto muy afectado por acontecimientos históricos, especialmente de índole bélica.
La instalación: del objeto a su desmaterialización. Algunas contribuciones en el contexto español
Authors: Llamazares Blanco Pablo , Ramos Jular Jorge
Published: October 2021

Desde los años sesenta del siglo XX, lo escultórico fue abandonando la pieza aislada y autorreferencial, para interesarse por sus relaciones con el espectador y la sala. La progresiva desmaterialización del objeto desembocó en nuevos formatos como el de la «instalación», más próximos a la escenografía. Este artículo pretende analizar, con instrumentos arquitectónicos, gráficos y visuales, ese paulatino predominio de la espacialidad, a través de algunas obras pioneras en el contexto español. El recorrido comienza con aquellos trabajos más deudores de lo objetual y avanza por propuestas que aumentan en escala e integran al espectador. Se finaliza con aquellas creaciones que restan importancia a lo material, en favor de un mensaje que pretende conectar física y mentalmente con el público. Se asiste así a la consolidación del formato de la «instalación», vertebrado como una experiencia inmersiva y multisensorial.
Inmersión sonora y microsonido. Estudio de caso de la obra de Alva Noto y Ryoji Ikeda
Authors: Vertedor-Romero Jose Antonio , Alonso-Calero José María
Published: October 2021

A través del análisis transversal, cualitativo y descriptivo de la obra de Alva Noto y Ryoji Ikeda, este trabajo presenta conceptos y tendencias creativas relacionados con la producción de entornos inmersivos a partir de la creación audiovisual computacional. Desde una óptica de análisis de contenido, se destacan los principales rasgos comunes entre estos autores como son, el microsonido, la estética del error (glitch) y el loop. Además, atendemos al uso que hacen estos autores de la computadora para la sonificación y visualización de flujo de datos. Nuestro objetivo principal es el de describir, analizar y categorizar la complejidad computacional de las creaciones de estos autores para obtener una visión global de cómo la informática ha implementado el pragmatismo de la creación audiovisual. Se destaca un uso del sonido más allá de la contemplación estética, es decir, el sonido como herramienta de investigación para examinar el impacto que tiene en un espectador expuesto a ciertas frecuencias sonoras.
La destrucción de imágenes como obra de arte total. La Gesamtkunstwerk como agujero negro
Authors: El-Mecky Nausikaä
Published: October 2021

La destrucción de imágenes es un proceso que a menudo produce un nuevo imaginario, un espectáculo visual en sí mismo. Incluso después de que la imagen original haya sido borrada, su ausencia puede crear una estética propia y poderosa que sobrevive durante siglos. El artículo se centra en dos estudios de casos históricos: la iconoclasia en Zúrich en la década de 1520 y el ataque nacionalsocialista al llamado arte degenerado. A través de ellos, pretende mostrar cómo la destrucción puede dar lugar a una obra de arte total a través de un proceso cuidadosamente planificado, incluso guionizado, que se aleja del estereotipo del ‘lunático corriendo con un mazo’. Sostiene que muchos ataques a las imágenes se caracterizan por la transformación, el misticismo y la performatividad, durante los cuales una cuidadosa oscilación entre la ausencia y la presencia desempeña un papel importante. En última instancia, la contribución se esfuerza por crear una nueva comprensión de las destrucciones de imágenes a través del marco de la Gesamtkunstwerk.
La capilla de los Huérfanos de París de Germain Boffrand (1746-1750) y la resonancia de la obra de arte pseudo-escénica
Authors: Macsotay Bunt Tomas
Published: October 2021

En la historia del arte, el juego ilusorio que busca integrar y fundir distintos componentes de construcción y representación se asocia normalmente a los dispositivos del interior eclesiástico barroco, mientras que la redefinición de las relaciones entre arquitectura e imagen como resultado de un virtuoso despliegue de enmarcaciones y transiciones ornamentales coincide en varios puntos de Europa, aunque bajo distintos estilos, a principios y mediados del siglo XVIII. La ahora desvanecida capilla de los huérfanos diseñada por el importante arquitecto Germain Boffrand (1667-1754) ofrece un ejemplo de una singular manifestación de dicho gusto por el interior eclesiástico pseudo-escénico. En este artículo se observará que la capilla se presta a una contextualización que depende de una serie de espacios inmersivos. Brota de un engranaje entre modos de entender la arquitectura, de practicar el espectáculo y de conceptualizar la emoción ante el mundo natural. El objetivo principal de esta aportación será seguir estos senderos que sugieren la centralidad del espectador, así como un momento álgido de innovación y dinamización de la tecnología espectacular.
Monument Valley 2: el reflejo de la muralla roja del arquitecto Bofill, en un entorno virtual inspirado en los mundos de Escher
Authors: Espada Torres Diana María , Ruiz Cañero Adrián
Published: October 2021

En la sociedad actual, se están abriendo nuevas reflexiones sobre los usos de la tecnología en el patrimonio cultural, en donde en las últimas décadas han ido surgiendo ciertas prácticas culturales literalmente visibles en la activación de proyectos levantados desde las artes visuales contemporáneas.
En la sociedad actual, se están abriendo nuevas reflexiones sobre los usos de la tecnología en el patrimonio cultural, en donde en las últimas décadas han ido surgiendo ciertas prácticas culturales literalmente visibles en la activación de proyectos levantados desde las artes visuales contemporáneas. En este sentido, en este artículo queremos mostrar la inspiración que ha generado el laberíntico edificio del arquitecto Ricardo Bofill en Calpe (Alicante), la urbanización de apartamentos Muralla Roja, para las escenografías del videojuego Monument Valley 2. Es por ello que el edificio del arquitecto Bofill, además de ser un hito de la arquitectura contemporánea española, debido a su aire de utopia socializante (disuelve los espacios públicos y privados) recordando a las perspectivas de Escher, ahora pertenece también al mundo interactivo y de la cultura de masas. En definitiva, tanto las imágenes así como los espacios inmersivos, hablan por sí solos.
Reseña de: Gilarranz Ibáñez, Ainhoa, El Estado y el Arte. Historia de una relación simbiótica durante la España liberal (1833-1875)
Authors: Vigara Zafra José Antonio
Published: October 2021

Reseña de: Gilarranz Ibáñez, Ainhoa, El Estado y el Arte. Historia de una relación simbiótica durante la España liberal (1833-1875). Valencia, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2021. ISBN: 978-84-9134-797-2, 294 pp.
Game Studies. Methodological Approaches from the History of Medieval Art
Authors: Castiñeiras López Javier
Published: October 2021

This article presents an updated state of the art about the relation of videogames with the cultural sphere and the historical disciplines. Specifically, we will try to address the role that the History of Medieval Art can play in the analysis and assessment of these cultural objects from a double way defined, on one side, by the historical Middle Ages and, on the other side, by the recreated medioevo. The Assassins Creed saga and titles as Bloodborne or A Plague Tale: Innocence, offer very particular visions of medieval and neomedieval architecture, all of them likely to be part of the cannon of medievalizing works of contemporary culture and, therefore, be object of study for the History of Medieval Art.
The peculiarities of emotional impact and therapeutic properties of wooden sculptures
Authors: Cheglakov Aleksandr Dmitrievich
Published: October 2021

This article explores the ability of wooden sculptures and objects to influence psychoemotional state of a person. It is noted that the expanding gap between man and nature due to the rapid development of large cities along with the natural factor receding into the background, generate the fundamentally new problematic and applied field that requires the creation of operational mechanisms to release the growing tension in the context of alienation from nature. It is stated that one of the recent achievements of the European scientific community consists in classification of this problematic as the nature deficit disorder, as well as in first steps towards resolving this issue in form of natural therapies – specific ways of human interaction with nature. The author traces and analyzes the possibility of using wooden sculpture as one of the instruments for stabilization pf psychoemotional and physical state of a person via interaction with natural material. Thus, the development of wooden sculptures and their inclusion into training, educational and rehabilitation programs indicates the properties of wooden sculpture as an affordable and effective therapeutic instrument.
Determinants of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Use in Juvenile Spondyloarthropathy and Impact on Clinical Disease Outcomes
Authors: Oliver Melissa , Simard Julia F. , Lee Tzielan , Gerstbacher Dana , Sandborg Christy
Published: October 2021

Objective

The objectives of this study were to characterize the reasons for tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) initiation in patients with juvenile spondyloarthropathy (JSpA) and identify clinical correlates and to assess the effect of TNFi therapy on JSpA disease activity.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 86 patients with JSpA with first‐time use of a TNFi over a 7‐year period at Stanford Children's Health. We assessed the physician's reason for TNFi initiation, disease activity at 6 months, and clinical disease status at 12 months following TNFi start. Changes in active joint count, enthesitis count, and pain were measured. Demographics, physician reasons for TNFi initiation, and clinical characteristics were summarized.

Results

The mean age at JSpA diagnosis was 12.4 years (SD 4.0 years), and the mean time from diagnosis to TNFi initiation was 1.6 years (SD 2.3 years). The most common reason for initiating a TNFi was active disease on physical examination (61%). At 6 months post TNFi initiation, patients on average had three fewer active joints and one fewer active enthesitis point. Patient‐reported pain improved from moderate/severe to mild. After 12 months, 54% of patients had active disease.

Conclusion

The physician's decision to initiate a TNFi relied mostly on physical examination findings. Despite improvement in arthritis, enthesitis, and patient‐reported pain at 6 months post TNFi initiation, the majority of the patients still had active disease after 1 year of therapy.
Finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control for a class of output constrained nonlinear systems with dead‐zone
Authors: Liu Mengru , Zhang Weihai , Ma Limin
Published: October 2021

The article investigates the finite‐time adaptive fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with output constraint and input dead‐zone. First, by skillfully combining the barrier Lyapunov function, backstepping design method, and finite‐time control theory, a novel adaptive state‐feedback tracking controller is constructed, and the output constraint of the nonlinear system is not violated. Second, the fuzzy logic system is used to approximate unknown function in the nonlinear system. Third, the finite‐time command filter is introduced to avoid the problem of “complexity explosion” caused by repeated differentiations of the virtual control signal in conventional backstepping control schemes. Meanwhile, a new saturation function is added in the compensating signal for filter error to improve control accuracy. Finally, based on Lyapunov stability analysis, all the signals of the closed‐loop are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood region of the origin in a finite time. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness for the proposed control scheme.
Packing Sulfur Species by Phosphorene‐Derived Catalytic Interface for Electrolyte‐Lean Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiangqi , Wu Tiantian , Pan Yu , Zhu Jian , Chen Xia , Peng Chengxin , Shu Chengyong , Kong Long , Tang Wei , Chou Shu‐Lei
Published: October 2021

The practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries is hampered by the sluggish redox reaction kinetics and severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) migration, especially under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte scenarios. Strategies to catalyze the sulfur liquid/solid conversion within a “hermetic” nano‐container have been proposed, where the LiPS migration and sluggish reaction kinetics can be simultaneously addressed. Herein, to realize rapid LiPS conversion and slow LiPS migration, the sulfur species are packed by a hermetic catalytic interface, constructed by the phosphorene/graphene heterostructure. The 2D phosphorene/graphene stacking has two unique benefits: 1) a direct electron transfer avoiding any insulating media, resulting in an exceptional catalytic effect on LiPS conversion; ii) favorable charge rearrangement that enhances chemisorption toward LiPS and limits LiPS crossover. The proposed highly flexible hermetic interface with strong van der Waals serves as a bifunctional nano‐container to pack sulfur species and promote sulfur redox reactions, which gives rise to excellent battery performances: a high areal capacity of 5.57 mAh cm−2 under a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.7 mL g−1. This work affords a coupling strategy that embraces interfacial and structural engineering to promote kinetic reactions of sulfur conversions under electrolyte‐lean conditions.
Grain‐Boundary‐Rich Artificial SEI Layer for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Chen Chao , Liang Qianwen , Wang Gang , Liu Dongdong , Xiong Xunhui
Published: October 2021

The sluggish lithium diffusion at the electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the main obstacles to achieve superior rate capability of Li metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Herein, a dense and uniform inorganic solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer composed of ZrO2, Li2O, Li3N, and LiNxOy is constructed on the surface of Li metal via the spontaneous reaction between Li metal and zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO3)2) solution in dimethyl sulfoxide. The abundant grain boundaries in the artificial SEI created by the multicomponent enable the rapid diffusion of Li ions at the interface. As a result, the Li metal anode treated with zirconyl nitrate (LiZrO(NO3)2@Li) delivers a stable cycle performance of over 550 h at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. When paired with a high‐loading LiCoO2 cathode (19 mg cm−2), the LiZrO(NO3)2@Li anode shows much enhanced rate performance and long‐term cycle stability without Li dendrite formation. The construction of an inorganic SEI layer with a high density of grain boundary provides new insights for the design of high‐rate and dendrite‐free Li metal anodes for high‐energy‐density batteries.
Combined Methylglyoxal Scavenger and Collagen Hydrogel Therapy Prevents Adverse Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function Post‐Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cimenci Cagla Eren , Blackburn Nick J. R. , Sedlakova Veronika , Pupkaite Justina , Munoz Marcelo , Rotstein Benjamin H. , Spiegel David A. , Alarcon Emilio I. , Suuronen Erik J.
Published: October 2021

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl and the main precursor of advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs). After myocardial infarction (MI), MG‐derived AGEs accumulate in the heart and contribute to adverse remodeling and loss of cardiac function. In this study, the flavonoid fisetin, a dicarbonyl scavenger, is used to reduce the negative effects of MG in the post‐MI heart. A fisetin‐loaded collagen type I hydrogel (fisetin‐HG) is injected intramyocardially in mice at 3 h post‐MI, and compared to fisetin‐alone, hydrogel‐alone, or saline treatment. Fisetin‐HG treatment increases the level of glyoxalase‐1 (the main MG‐metabolizing enzyme), reduces MG‐AGE accumulation, and decreases oxidative stress in the MI heart, which is associated with smaller scar size and improved cardiac function. Treatment with fisetin‐HG also promotes neovascularization and increases the number of pro‐healing macrophages in the infarct area, while reducing the number of pro‐inflammatory macrophages. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the fisetin‐collagen hydrogel therapy can reduce the accumulation and negative effects of MG post‐MI. This therapy may be a promising approach to limit adverse cardiac remodeling, prevent damage, and preserve function of the infarcted heart.
Zwitterion‐Initiated Spontaneously Polymerized Super Adhesive Showing Real‐Time Deployable and Long‐Term High‐Strength Adhesion against Various Harsh Environments
Authors: Cui Chunyan , Gu Ruoheng , Wu Tengling , Yuan Zuoying , Fan Chuanchuan , Yao Yuan , Xu Ziyang , Liu Bo , Huang Jianyong , Liu Wenguang
Published: October 2021

Real‐time deployment of adhesives and achieving long‐term and high‐strength adhesion in various harsh environments remains a significant challenge both in the engineering field and daily life. Herein, the authors report the construction of a super adhesive based on an entirely new mechanism of zwitterion‐initiated polymerization. This adhesive can be formed quickly by the rapid spontaneous polymerization of 4‐aminostyrene (4‐AS) in the presence of acidic polyanion aqueous solution initiated by zwitterions. Direct adhesion and curing process of the adhesive is independent of the environment, and it can be completely cured within 20 min to strongly glue diverse materials spanning from plastics to inorganic substances and metal in various environments (water, acid, alkali, seawater, oil, organic solvent, and low temperature), supposedly due to their marvelous ability to repel the surface liquid barrier layer and form multiple interactions with adherend. Remarkably, this adhesive can maintain high‐strength and long‐term adhesion to different materials surfaces, quickly repairing broken containers in various conditions. The zwitterion‐initiated spontaneous polymerization provides a new strategy for constructing an eco‐benign high‐strength adhesive with an ability to bond a wide variety of materials with long‐term stability against various severe environments.
A Regioselectively Oxidized 2D Bi/BiOx Lateral Nano‐Heterostructure for Hypoxic Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Qiu Meng , Wang Dou , Huang Hao , Yin Teng , Bao Wenli , Zhang Bin , Xie Zhongjian , Xie Ni , Wu Zongze , Ge Chenchen , Wang Qi , Gu Meng , Kutscher Hilliard L. , Liu Liping , Bao Shiyun , Prasad Paras N. , Zhang Han
Published: October 2021

Optoelectronic science and 2D nanomaterial technologies are currently at the forefront of multidisciplinary research and have numerous applications in electronics and photonics. The unique energy and optically induced interfacial electron transfer in these nanomaterials, enabled by their relative band alignment characteristics, can provide important therapeutic modalities for healthcare. Given that nano‐heterostructures can facilitate photoinduced electron–hole separation and enhance generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2D nano‐heterostructure‐based photosensitizers can provide a major advancement in photodynamic therapy (PDT), to overcome the current limitations in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Herein, a bismuthene/bismuth oxide (Bi/BiOx)‐based lateral nano‐heterostructure synthesized using a regioselective oxidation process is introduced, which, upon irradiation at 660 nm, effectively generates 1O2 under normoxia but produces cytotoxic •OH and H2 under hypoxia, which synergistically enhances PDT. Furthermore, this Bi/BiOx nano‐heterostructure is biocompatible and biodegradable, and, with the surface molecular engineering used here, it improves tumor tissue penetration and increases cellular uptake during in vitro and in vivo experiments, yielding excellent oxygen‐independent tumor ablation with 660 nm irradiation, when compared with traditional PDT agents.
Quantitatively Discriminating Alcohol Molecules by Thermally Modulating NiO‐Based Sensor Arrays
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Hongyu , Chang Junqing , Dai Tiantian , Nagashima Kazuki , Deng Zanhong , Yanagida Takeshi , Fang Xiaodong , Meng Gang
Published: October 2021

Although temperature modulation of a single (nonselective) semiconductor gas sensor has demonstrated its great capability on discriminating gas molecules, quantitative analysis of the type and concentration of structurally similar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) molecules remains a significant challenge. In this work, as an alternative to a single oxide sensor, sensor arrays composed of four types of NiO‐based sensor synchronously perform thermal modulation with a unique programmed cooling temperature profile. Apart from improved category discrimination by using entire sensor arrays, the peak temperature of the temperature profile plays an important role in distinguishing the concentration difference induced by subtle variations of the electrical responses. A high peak temperature of ≈300 °C facilitates concentration discrimination (with an accuracy ratio of 85.9%). This work highlights the importance of the peak temperature in (simultaneous) quantitative analysis of the types and concentrations of VOCs molecules with similar properties.
A Novel Neural Network Cell Method for Solving Nonlinear Electromagnetic Problems
Authors: Zhu Gaojia , Li Longnv , Fu Weinong , Xue Ming , Liu Tao , Zhu Jianguo
Published: October 2021

Effective analysis of nonlinear electromagnetic fields is essential for the accurate modeling of electromagnetic devices, such as transformers, generators, and motors. This paper proposes a novel approach of coupled neural network (NN) and cell method (CM) or NNCM for solving nonlinear electromagnetic problems with ferromagnetic domains. While the topologically linear relations of the cell complexes are mathematically assembled through a transformation in the Tonti diagram by the CM, and the constitutive nonlinear magnetic relations are dealt with by partially connected NN for the fast prediction of the permeability distribution inside the ferromagnetic domain. Since the construction of NN is directly related to the grid connections, a partially connected NN structure with a small number of neurons can reduce the computational cost of the training process. By using a compact NN, the proposed NNCM can effectively eliminate the time consuming iterations for determining the nonlinear permeability distribution, and improve the computational efficiency significantly. The NNCM is employed to analyze the transient electromagnetic field distribution inside a cylindrical ferromagnetic core. The results are compared with those obtained by the traditional iterative CM, which determines the nonlinear permeability distribution by lengthy numerical iterations, to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed NNCM.
The m6A Readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 Synergistically Control Cerebellar Parallel Fiber Growth by Regulating Local Translation of the Key Wnt5a Signaling Components in Axons
Authors: Yu Jun , She Yuanchu , Yang Lixin , Zhuang Mengru , Han Peng , Liu Jianhui , Lin Xiaoyan , Wang Nijia , Chen Mengxian , Jiang Chunxuan , Zhang Yujia , Yuan Yujing , Ji Sheng‐Jian
Published: October 2021

Messenger RNA m6A modification is shown to regulate local translation in axons. However, how the m6A codes in axonal mRNAs are read and decoded by the m6A reader proteins is still unknown. Here, it is found that the m6A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 are both expressed in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) and their axons. Knockdown (KD) of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 significantly increases GC axon growth rates in vitro. By integrating anti‐YTHDF1&2 RIP‐Seq with the quantitative proteomic analysis or RNA‐seq after KD of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2, a group of transcripts which may mediate the regulation of GC axon growth by YTHDFs is identified. Among them, Dvl1 and Wnt5a, encoding the key components of Wnt pathway, are further found to be locally translated in axons, which are controlled by YTHDF1 and YTHDF2, respectively. Specific ablation of Ythdf1 or Ythdf2 in GCs increases parallel fiber growth, promotes synapse formation in cerebellum in vivo, and improves motor coordination ability. Together, this study identifies a mechanism by which the m6A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 work synergistically on the Wnt5a pathway through regulating local translation in GC axons to control cerebellar parallel fiber development.
Facile Synthesis of Atomic Fe‐N‐C Materials and Dual Roles Investigation of Fe‐N4 Sites in Fenton‐Like Reactions
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Bin , Li Yang , Fan Xiaobin , Zhang Fengbao , Zhang Guoliang , Peng Wenchao
Published: October 2021

Fenton‐like reactions with persulfates as the oxidants have attracted increasing attentions for the remediation of emerging antibiotic pollutions. However, developing effective activators with outstanding activities and long‐term stabilities remains a great challenge in these reactions. Herein, a novel activator is successfully synthesized with single iron atoms anchored on porous N‐doped carbon (Fe‐N‐PC) by a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The single Fe atoms are coordinated with four N atoms according to the XANES, and the Fe‐N4‐PC shows enhanced activity for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of single Fe atoms will regulate the main active sites from graphite N into Fe‐N4, thus could enhance the stability and tune the PMS activation pathway from non‐radical into radical dominated process. In addition, the N atoms connected with single Fe atoms in the Fe‐N4‐C structure can be used to enhance the adsorption of organic molecules on these materials. Therefore, the Fe‐N4‐C here has dual roles for antibiotics adsorption and PMS activation. The CVD synthesized Fe‐N4‐C shows enhanced performance in persulfates based Fenton‐like reactions, thus has great potential in the environmental remediation field.
Genotype identification for a water saving trait: Exploring early stomatal closure under soil drying among mid‐South soybean
Authors: Purdom Sam , Shekoofa Avat , McClure Angela , Pantalone Vince , Arelli Prakash
Published: October 2021

It is necessary to understand the differences in physiological responses to water deficit stress of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes in order to breed for drought‐tolerant soybean genotypes better suited to water‐limited environments in the U.S. mid‐South region. Using controlled environment and field trials, this study identified soybean genotypes that conserve water through differences in their stomatal response under soil water deficit to determine if this trait confers a yield advantage. Research was conducted from 2017 to 2020 at the West Tennessee Research and Education Center in Jackson, TN. Seventeen mid‐South soybean genotypes (i.e., both, breeding lines and modern commercial soybean) were investigated for an early stomatal closure trait during progressive soil drying under controlled environment conditions. Under field conditions, portable rainout shelters installed when the plant canopies of most genotypes had reached at least 80% canopy closure to impose water deficit stress to nine selected genotypes for field observation of wilting score (WS) and early stomatal closure. Differences were observed among genotypes in their early stomatal closure thresholds with progressive soil drying in the controlled environment. The range in fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) thresholds among 17 tested genotypes was 0.33–0.76. Based on our experimental approaches in 4 yr of field studies, genotypes Ellis and USG Allen consistently expressed an early decrease in transpiration rate with progressive soil drying, delayed wilting in the field when soil water deficit developed under rainout shelters, and greater yield when grown in simulated drought conditions.
Study on SFE‐CO2 and chemical composition of thuja essential oil
Authors: Song Junyang , Zhang Zetian , Lv Ruixue
Published: October 2021

Thuja (Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.) (family Cupressaceae) is a Chinese endemic plant once declared extinct in China. After being rediscovered in 1999, it attracted the attention of domestic scholars. This study aimed to investigate the extraction process and composition of the essential oil from thuja to provide a reference for further research. The main xylem of thuja collected from the Qinling‐Bashan mountains was used as the experimental material. The essential oil of thuja was extracted by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE‐CO2) process, and the composition of the essential oil was detected by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and extraction dynamic time were the main factors influencing the extraction rate. The optimal conditions for the extraction include the following: maintaining the extraction pressure at 20 MPa, extracting for 60 min at 45 °C, and maintaining the CO2 flow rate at 1.5 L min–1 at 120 °C. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the oil extraction rates of three verification experiments were 18.87, 18.63, and 19.07%. The GC‐MS detected 136 components from the extracted thuja essential oil, and 75 components were identified. The main components of the essential oil were cis‐thujopsene (23.54%) and cedrol (13.08%). In this study, the optimal process for SFE‐CO2 of essential oil from the xylem of thuja was obtained. Under this optimized process, the average oil content was 18.86%.
Maize–legume systems under conservation agriculture
Authors: Bitew Yayeh , Derebe Bitwoded , Worku Abebe , Chakelie Gobezie
Published: October 2021

Soil fertility depletion due to land degradation and poor cropping diversity have resulted in poor crop yield in sub‐Saharan Africa. On‐farm experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conservation agriculture (CA)‐based maize (Zea maysL.)–legume cropping systems and conventional tillage (CT) on soil properties and yield of maize. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiments were continued for 3 yr from 2012 to 2014. The treatments were: CT with monoculture maize (CT‐M), CA with monoculture maize (CA‐M), CA‐based maize–common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) intercropping (CA‐M+CB), CA‐based maize–cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) intercropping (CA‐M+CP) and CA‐based maize–common bean rotation (CA‐M–CB).Weed infestation in CA‐based maize–legume cropping systems reduced over the years. Application of CA‐based maize–legume cropping systems increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (Ava.P), and soil water infiltration rate by 37, 54, 12.3, and 327%, respectively, over CT‐M. Maize grain yield increased by 54% in CA‐M–CB over CT. The highest production efficiency was obtained from CA‐M–CB. In conclusion, CA‐M–CB followed by CA‐based maize–legume intercropping were the best soil management practices as elucidated in higher soil fertility and stable yield. However, future research on CA‐based cropping systems should be executed under various agro‐ecologies and crop types.
State of the art of ionic liquid‐modified adsorbents forCO2capture and separation
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Zeng Shaojuan , Li Yue , Bai Lu , Bai Yinge , Zhang Xiangping , Liang Xiaodong , Zhang Suojiang
Published: October 2021

The enormous emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from industries has triggered a series of environmental issues. In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) as novel absorbents are widely used for CO2capture owing to their low vapor pressure and tunable structures. IL‐modified adsorbents have the advantages of both ILs and porous supports, such as high CO2selectivity and high specific surface area, which are novel agents to capture CO2with broad application prospects. In this review, more than 140 IL‐modified adsorbents for CO2capture in recent years were systematically summarized. The types of ILs including conventional ILs and functionalized ILs on CO2separation performance of different IL hybrid adsorbents, and their adsorption mechanisms were also discussed. Finally, future perspectives on IL‐modified adsorbents for CO2separation were further posed.
Impact of iron deficiency anemia on quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Jain Ajay K. , Vare Sandip , Sircar Shohini , Joshi Amit D. , Jain Deepika
Published: October 2021

Advances in the last two decades have resulted in better long‐term remissions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is defined as an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa. This better remission has not transformed into a better quality of life. Almost one‐third of these patients have mild to moderate anemia, which is one of the main factors leading to decreased quality of life; hence we aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in UC during remission and its impact on the quality of life in this subpopulation. In this prospective study, all consecutive patients of UC in remission for the last 3 months were evaluated for disease activity by Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), IDA by blood parameters and quality of life by Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). All patients with proven IDA were given oral iron supplements (Ferrous Ascorbate elemental iron 100 mg) for 3 months. Blood parameters, SCCAI, and SIBDQ scores were evaluated at the end of therapy to compare them before iron supplementation. Out of 125 patients of UC seen during the study period, 69 were in remission. IDA was seen in 34 patients (49.27%). Median pre‐intervention and postintervention quality of life scores—SIBDQ (4.9 [4.2‐5.8] vs 5.4 [5.0‐6.1]) and blood parameters [hemoglobin 10.7 (9.8‐11.4) g% vs 13.2 (12.8‐13.7) g%]—showed significant improvement after iron supplementation. Prevalence of IDA in UC during remission is common (49.27%). Oral iron supplementation improves the quality of life and anemia significantly without increasing disease activity in UC under remission.
Explainable neural computation via stack neural module networks
Authors: Hu Ronghang , Andreas Jacob , Darrell Trevor , Saenko Kate
Published: October 2021

In complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be interpretable to assist users in both development and prediction. Existing models designed to produce interpretable traces of their decision‐making process typically require these traces to be supervised at training time. In this paper, we present a novel neural modular approach that performs compositional reasoning by automatically inducing a desired subtask decomposition without relying on strong supervision. Our model allows linking different reasoning tasks through shared modules that handle common routines across tasks. Experiments show that the model is more interpretable to human evaluators compared to other state‐of‐the‐art models: users can better understand the model's underlying reasoning procedure and predict when it will succeed or fail based on observing its intermediate outputs.
Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range
Authors: Love Natalie L. R. , Mazer Susan J.
Published: October 2021

Premise

Forecasting how species will respond phenologically to future changes in climate is a major challenge. Many studies have focused on estimating species‐ and community‐wide phenological sensitivities to climate to make such predictions, but sensitivities may vary within species, which could result in divergent phenological responses to climate change.

Methods

We used 743 herbarium specimens of the mountain jewelflower (Streptanthus tortuosus, Brassicaceae) collected over 112 years to investigate whether individuals sampled from relatively warm vs. cool regions differ in their sensitivity to climate and whether this difference has resulted in divergent phenological shifts in response to climate warming.

Results

During the past century, individuals sampled from warm regions exhibited a 20‐day advancement in flowering date; individuals in cool regions showed no evidence of a shift. We evaluated two potential drivers of these divergent responses: differences between regions in (1) the degree of phenological sensitivity to climate and (2) the magnitude of climate change experienced by plants, or (3) both. Plants sampled from warm regions were more sensitive to temperature‐related variables and were subjected to a greater degree of climate warming than those from cool regions; thus our results suggest that the greater temporal shift in flowering date in warm regions is driven by both of these factors.

Conclusions

Our results are among the first to demonstrate that species exhibited intraspecific variation in sensitivity to climate and that this variation can contribute to divergent responses to climate change. Future studies attempting to forecast temporal shifts in phenology should consider intraspecific variation.
Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia
Authors: Sanyal Anushree , Larsson Josefine , van Wirdum Falkje , Andrén Thomas , Moros Matthias , Lönn Mikael , Andrén Elinor
Published: October 2021

Premise

Understanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia‐old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability, and germination rate of resting spores of the diatomChaetocerosdeposited in sub‐seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0 to 80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present.

Methods

Recent and ancientChaetocerosspores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species.

Results

We show that ~6600 cal. year BP oldChaetocerosresting spores are still viable and that the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores varies. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2 to 3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores, respectively. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species asChaetoceros muellerivar.subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species asChaetoceros muelleri.

Conclusions

We identify a unique model system,Chaetoceros muellerivar. subsalsumand show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long‐term evolutionary studies.
Unlocking the Potential of Hidden Sites in Faujasite: New Insights in a Proton Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Lakiss Louwanda , Kouvatas Cassandre , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Nesterenko Nikolai , Mintova Svetlana , Valtchev Valentin
Published: October 2021

Zeolite Y and its ultra‐stabilized hierarchical derivative (USY) are the most widely used zeolite‐based heterogeneous catalysts in oil refining, petrochemisty, and other chemicals manufacturing. After almost 60 years of academic and industrial research, their resilience is unique as no other catalyst displaced them from key processes such as FCC and hydrocracking. The present study highlights the key difference leading to the exceptional catalytic performance of USY versus the parent zeolite Y in a multi‐technique study combining advanced spectroscopies (IR and solid‐state NMR) and molecular modeling. The results highlight a hitherto unreported proton transfer involving inaccessible active sites in sodalite cages that contributes to the exceptional catalytic performance of USY.
Development of controlled release fertilizer systems for KCl using glycerol‐based polymers
Authors: Pimenta Igor F. , Figueiredo Lucas R. F. , Santos Adillys M. C. , Oliveira Juliano E. , Medeiros Eliton S.
Published: October 2021

Controlled release systems were developed using biodegradable polymers/copolymers via polycondensation of glycerol with acids (citric, adipic, and succinic) with potassium chloride (KCl) 0, 10, 20, and 40 wt% followed by crosslinking at 120°C. Polymers were characterized by thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. All are thermally stable up to 200°C, therefore suitable for release in countries where temperatures reach 50°C. Fractographic analysis showed rubbery (rough and ductile) and hard (smooth and brittle) polymers depending on the acid used. The release profiles showed that hydrophilic (polar) polymers are easily hydrolyzed, generating faster release reaching 52% in 120 h. Less polar polymers delay KCl release below 20% at the same time. Therefore, it was possible to adjust the release by controlling the fertilizer content and the type of polymer, designing a fast or slow release to meet the needs of a given crop.