bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid multibody system method for the dynamic analysis of an ultra‐precision fly‐cutting machine tool
Authors: Lu Hanjing , Rui Xiaoting , Ma Ziyao , Ding Yuanyuan , Chen Yiheng , Chang Yu , Zhang Xuping
Published: October 2022

The dynamics of an ultra‐precision machine tool determines the precision of the machined surface. This study aims to propose an effective method to model and analyze the dynamics of an ultra‐precision fly‐cutting machine tool. First, the dynamic model of the machine tool considering the deformations of the cutter head and the lathe head is developed. Then, the mechanical elements are classified into M subsystems and F subsystems according to their properties and connections. The M‐subsystem equations are formulated using the transfer matrix method for multibody systems (MSTMM), and the F‐subsystem equations are analyzed using the finite element method and the Craig–Bampton reduction method. Furthermore, all the subsystems are assembled by combining the restriction equations at connection points among the subsystems to obtain the overall transfer equation of the machine tool system. Finally, the vibration characteristics of the machine tool are evaluated numerically and are validated experimentally. The proposed modeling and analysis method preserves the advantages of the MSTMM, such as high computational efficiency, low computational load, systematic reduction of the overall transfer equation, and generalization of its computational capability to general flexible‐body elements. In addition, this study provides theoretical insights and guidance for the design of ultra‐precision machine tools.
Early vs late enteral nutrition in pediatric intensive care unit: Barriers, benefits, and complications
Authors: Solana María José , Manrique Gema , Slocker María , Fernández Reyes , Gil Raquel , Yun Cristina , García Miriam , Redondo Silvia , Balaguer Mónica , Rodríguez Eva , González‐Posada Aranzazu , Goñi Concepción , Martín Carmen María , Santiago Carmen , Sánchez María , Miñambres María , López‐Herce Jesús
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to define the existing barriers for early enteral nutrition (EEN) in critically ill children and to analyze the differences in nutrient supply, complications, and outcomes between EEN and late EN (LEN).

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational, prospective study including critically ill children receiving EN. Variables analyzed included demographic and anthropometric features, caloric and nutrient supply, outcomes, and complications according to the EN onset. Patients were classified into two groups according to the start of EN: 24‐EEN vs EN started after 24 h (24‐LEN) and 48‐EEN vs EN started after 48 h (48‐LEN).

Results

Sixty‐eight children were enrolled; 22.1% received 24‐EEN, and 67.6% received 48‐EEN. EN was most frequently delayed in patients older than 12 months, in patients with cardiac disease, and in those requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Children in the 24‐EEN group had shorter duration of MV compared with those in the 24‐LEN group (P = 0.04). The 48‐EEN group received a higher caloric intake (P = 0.04), reached the caloric target earlier (P < 0.01), and had lower incidence of constipation (P = 0.01) than the 48‐LEN group. There was a positive correlation between the time required to reach the maximum caloric intake and the length of pediatric intensive care stay (r = 0.46; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

EEN may improve nutrient delivery, reduce time on MV, and prevent constipation in critically ill children. No relevant differences between 24‐EEN and 48‐EEN were found. Cardiac disease, MV, and age older than 12 months were risk factors associated with LEN.
Updated guideline on managing depression in adults
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: October 2022

NICE recently updated its guideline on the management of depression in adults (NG222). This article summarises the new guidance, which includes detailed recommendations on treatment options for new episodes of depression, preventing relapse, further‐line therapy, and managing chronic depressive symptoms.
A Novel Direct‐Current Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Sustainable Output
Authors: Liu Lei , He Lipeng , Hu Dianbin , Hu Renhui , Sun Baoyu , Tian Xiaochao
Published: October 2022

The crest factor is an important indicator to measure the performance of the load. To reduce the crest factor of the system and improve the internal stability of the circuit, this article proposes a novel direct‐current piezoelectric energy harvester with sustainable output (S‐PEH). Voltage superposition with phase coupling could significantly improve the stability of the circuit system and reduce the interference and damage of transient pulses to the system. Here, the influence of angle size and phase number on the output performance of S‐PEH is studied. S‐PEH could produce a more stable voltage output with a low crest factor through phase coupling. At 3 P 120°, the optimum MAX voltage and root mean square (RMS) voltage are 29.06 and 16.55 V. The maximum RMS power is 1.38 mW. When the rotating speed is 550 r min−1, the lowest crest factor is 1.35. The charging rate is four times higher than a single‐group piezoelectric patch. Experiments show that S‐PEH can make light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and calculators work stably. These results show that S‐PEH has great prospects in the power supply of wireless sensor networks and microelectronic devices.
Overall assessment for selected markers from high‐throughput data
Authors: Lee Woojoo , Lee Donghwan , Pawitan Yudi
Published: October 2022

Reproducibility, a hallmark of science, is typically assessed in validation studies. We focus on high‐throughput studies where a large number of biomarkers is measured in a training study, but only a subset of the most significant findings is selected and re‐tested in a validation study. Our aim is to get the statistical measures of overall assessment for the selected markers, by integrating the information in both the training and validation studies. Naive statistical measures, such as the combined ‐value by conventional meta‐analysis, that ignore the non‐random selection are clearly biased, producing over‐optimistic significance. We use the false‐discovery rate (FDR) concept to develop a selection‐adjusted FDR (sFDR) as an overall assessment measure. We describe the link between the overall assessment and other concepts such as replicability and meta‐analysis. Some simulation studies and two real metabolomic datasets are considered to illustrate the application of sFDR in high‐throughput data analyses.
A Versatile Synthetic Pathway for Producing Mesostructured Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Kim Sejung , Palani Stephen , Civitci Fehmi , Nan Xiaolin , Ibsen Stuart
Published: October 2022

Highly branched gold (Au) nanostructures with sharp tips are considered excellent substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based sensing technologies. Here, a simple synthetic route for producing Au or Au‐Ag bimetallic mesostructures with multiple sharpened tips in the presence of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is presented. The morphologies of these mesostructured plasmonic nanoparticles (MSPNs) can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of CQDs, reaction temperatures, and seed particles. The optimal molar ratio for [HAuCl4]/[CQDs] is found to be ≈25. At this molar ratio, the diameters of MSPNs can be tuned from 80 to 200 nm by changing the reaction temperature from 25 to 80 °C. In addition, it is found that hierarchical MSPNs consisting of multiple Au nanocrystals can be formed over the entire seed particle surface. Finally, the SERS activity of these MSPNs is examined through the detection of rhodamine 6G and methylene blue. Of the different mesostructures, the bimetallic MSPNs have the highest sensitivity with the ability to detect 10−7 m of rhodamine 6G and 10−6 m of methylene blue. The properties of these MSPN particles, made using a novel synthetic process, make them excellent candidates for SERS‐based chemical sensing applications.
Should we introduce an apprenticeship route for veterinary medicine?
Authors: Ashford Matt
Published: October 2022

Matt Ashford argues that to address the continued shortage of vets, perhaps the profession should look at the precedent being set by the medical profession and consider an apprenticeship route to vet training.
Good natured
Authors: Read Claire
Published: October 2022

A whole host of evidence shows that time in nature can improve both physical and mental wellbeing. Catriona Mellor, a child and adolescent psychiatrist, tells Claire Read more.
Metabolization of the glycation compounds 3-deoxyglucosone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Saccharomyces yeasts
Authors: Kertsch Anna-Lena , Brysch-Herzberg Michael , Hellwig Michael , Henle Thomas
Published: October 2022

The Maillard reaction products (MRPs) 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are formed during the thermal processing and storage of food, come into contact with technologically used yeasts during the fermentation of beer and wine. In order for the yeast cells to work efficiently, handling of the stress-inducing carbonyl compounds is essential. In the present study, the utilization of 3-DG and HMF by 13 Saccharomyces yeast strains (7 brewer’s yeast strains, 1 wine yeast strain, 6 yeast strains isolated from natural habitats) was investigated. All yeast strains studied were able to metabolize 3-DG and HMF. 3-DG is mainly reduced to 3-deoxyfructose (3-DF) and HMF is completely converted to 2,5-bishydroxymethylfuran (BHMF) and 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA). The ratio of conversion of HMF to BHMF and FFCA was found to be yeast strain-specific and no differences in the HMF stress tolerance of the yeast strains and species were observed. After incubation with 3-DG, varying amounts of intra- and extracellular 3-DF were found, pointing to a faster transport of 3-DG into the cells in the case of brewer’s yeast strains. Furthermore, the brewer’s yeast strains showed a significantly higher 3-DG stress resistance than the investigated yeast strains isolated from natural habitats. Thus, it can be shown for the first time that Saccharomyces yeast strains differ in their interaction of 3-DG induced carbonyl stress.

Graphical abstract
Association of sweetened beverages consumption with all-cause mortality risk among Dutch adults: the Lifelines Cohort Study (the SWEET project)
Authors: Naomi Novita D. , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M. , Buso Marion E. C. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , Harrold Joanne A. , Halford Jason C. G. , Raben Anne , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Feskens Edith J. M.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Examined associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), low/no-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice (FJ) consumption and all-cause mortality in Dutch adults.

Methods

Data of 118,707 adults participating (mean age = 45 years; 60% was women) the Lifelines Cohort Study were prospectively analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants’ vital status was followed-up until February 2022 via the National Personal Records Database. Associations between beverages of interest and all-cause mortality risk were investigated using restricted cubic spline and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, including substitution analyses. Models were adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and other dietary factors.

Results

During follow-up (median = 9.8 years), a total of 2852 (2.4%) deaths were documented. Median (IQR) of SSB, LNCB, and FJ consumption were 0.1 (0.0–0.6), 0.1 (0.0–0.6), and 0.2 (0.0–0.6) serving/day, respectively. Dose–response analyses showed linear associations between SSB, LNCB, and FJ consumption and mortality risk. For each additional serving of SSB and LNCB, HRs of all-cause mortality risk were 1.09 (95% CI 1.03–1.16) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.00–1.11). Replacing SSB with LNCB showed a nonsignificant association with a lower mortality risk, particularly in women (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81–1.01). Finally, an inverse association between FJ and all-cause mortality was observed at moderate consumption with HR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.79–0.95) for > 0–2 servings/week and HR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81–0.98) for > 2–< 7 servings/week when compared to no consumption.

Conclusions

Our study showed adverse associations between SSB consumption and all-cause mortality. Replacing SSB with LNCB might be associated with lower mortality risk, particularly in women. Moderate intake of FJ was associated with lower all-cause mortality risk.
European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum) will expand its geographic range as a result of climate warming
Authors: Olszewski Piotr , Dyderski Marcin K. , Dylewski Łukasz , Bogusch Petr , Schmid-Egger Christian , Ljubomirov Toshko , Zimmermann Dominique , Le Divelec Romain , Wiśniowski Bogdan , Twerd Lucyna , Pawlikowski Tadeusz , Mei Maurizio , Popa Alexandra Florina , Szczypek Jakub , Sparks Tim , Puchałka Radosław
Published: October 2022

Climate change is an important driver of the spread of apiary pests and honeybee predators. These impact on one of the economically most important pollinators and thus pose serious threats to the functioning of both natural ecosystems and crops. We investigated the impact of the predicted climate change in the periods 2040–2060 and 2060–2080 on the potential distribution of the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum, a specialized honeybee predator. We modelled its potential distribution using the MaxEnt method based on contemporary occurrence data and bioclimatic variables. Our model had an overall good performance (AUC = 0.864) and the threshold of occurrence probability, assessed as the point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity, was at 0.533. Annual temperature range (69.5%), mean temperature in the warmest quarter (12.4%), and precipitation in the warmest quarter (7.9%) were the principal bioclimatic variables significantly affecting the potential distribution of the European beewolf. We predicted the potential distribution shifts within two scenarios (optimistic RPC4.5 and pessimistic RCP8.5) and three Global Circulation Models (HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MPI-SM-LR). Both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios showed that climate change will significantly increase the availability of European beewolf potential niches. Losses of potential niches will only affect small areas in southern Europe. Most of the anticipated changes for the period 2060–2080 will already have occurred in 2040–2060. The predicted range expansion of European beewolf suggests that occurrence and abundance of this species should be monitored.
Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home–based training: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Belleville Sylvie , Cuesta M. , Bieler-Aeschlimann M. , Giacomino K. , Widmer A. , Mittaz Hager A. G. , Perez-Marcos D. , Cardin S. , Boller B. , Bier N. , Aubertin-Leheudre M. , Bherer L. , Berryman N. , Agrigoroaei S. , Demonet J. F.
Published: October 2022

Multidomain interventions have shown tremendous potential for improving cognition in older adults. It is unclear if multidomain interventions can be delivered remotely and whether remote intervention is beneficial for older adults who are vulnerable or at risk of cognitive decline. In a 26-week multi-site, home-based, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 120 cognitively healthy older adults (75 robust, 45 pre-frail; age range = 60–94) recruited from Switzerland, Canada, and Belgium were randomized to receive either the StayFitLonger (SFL) computerized multidomain training program or an active control intervention. Delivered on tablets, the SFL intervention combined adapted physical exercises (strength, balance, and mobility), cognitive training (divided attention, problem solving, and memory), opportunities for social and contributive interactions, and psychoeducation. The active control intervention provided basic mobilization exercises and access to video games. Cognitive outcomes were global cognition (Z-scores of attention, verbal fluency, and episodic memory for nondemented older adults; ZAVEN), memory, executive function, and processing speed. Linear mixed model analyses indicated improved performance on the ZAVEN global cognition score in the SFL group but not in the active control group. Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed improved ZAVEN global cognition and processing speed scores following SFL in the pre-frail group but not in the robust group. Overall, the study indicates that a computerized program providing a multidomain intervention at home can improve cognition in older adults. Importantly, pre-frail individuals, who are at higher risk of cognitive decline, seem to benefit more from the intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT037519 Registered on January 22, 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04237519.
Characteristics of chest pain in COVID-19 patients in the emergency department
Authors: Sinkeldam M. , Buenen A. G. , Celiker E. , van Diepen M. , de Vos A. M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with chest pain. However, the characteristics of this chest pain are unknown. We performed a single-centre observational study to review and summarise chest pain characteristics in COVID-19 patients at first presentation to the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We collected data on characteristics of ‘chest pain’ reported by COVID-19 patients who attended the ED of Bernhoven Hospital, the Netherlands from 4 through 30 March 2020.

Results

We included 497 COVID-19 patients, of whom 83 (17%) reported chest pain upon presentation to the ED. Chest pain characteristics were: present since disease onset (88%), retrosternal location (43%), experienced as compressing/pressure pain (61%), no radiation (61%) and linked to heavy coughing (39%). Patients who reported chest pain were younger than those without chest pain (61 vs 73 years; p < 0.001). Patients with syncope were older (75 vs 72 years; p = 0.017), had a shorter duration of symptoms (5 vs 7 days; p < 0.001) and reported fewer respiratory complaints (68% vs 90%; p < 0.001) than those without syncope. Patients with new-onset atrial arrhythmias presented with a shorter duration of symptoms (5 vs 7 days; p = 0.013), experienced fewer respiratory complaints (72% vs 89%; p = 0.012) and more frequently had a history of cardiovascular disease (79% vs 50%; p = 0.003) than patients who presented without arrythmias.

Conclusion

Chest pain and other cardiac symptoms were frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. Treating physicians should be aware that chest pain, arrhythmias and syncope can be presenting symptoms of COVID-19.
Coil optimization of ultra-deep azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity logging while drilling tool based on numerical simulation
Authors: Kang Zhengming , Qin Haojie , Zhang Yi , Hou Binbin , Hao Xiaolong , Chen Gang
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a coil optimization method of the ultra-deep azimuthal electromagnetic (EM) resistivity Logging While Drilling (LWD) to obtain the best parameters of the tool for formation boundary detection by theory. First, a rapid numerical simulation algorithm, i.e. the Fast Hankel Transform (FHT) method, is developed to simulate the logging responses of the layered formation. A system of double inclined coils is selected based on the response characteristics and the depth of detection (DOD) from four common coils. Simulation results demonstrated that the optimal coils are perfectly suitable for anisotropic formation. Then, the crucial parameters of the frequency and spacing of the selected coils with a DOD of 30 m are determined using the Picasso diagram. In addition, the influences of the electrical parameter of the drilling collar and resistivity anisotropy of the formation on the response are investigated. The results show that the conductivity of the drilling collar, the thickness and the resistivity anisotropy of the formation all affect the DOD. Finally, formation models with different layers are created to verify the performance and signal intensity. The results demonstrate that the optimized coils not only have a large DOD but also possess a high signal intensity, further confirming the advantages of the preferred coils. Compared with the conventional physical experiment tests, the method of coil optimization proposed in this paper is more economical and efficient. The findings of this study can help better understand the detection characteristics of the different coils, which can provide theoretical support for designing and developing a tool with the best boundary capability.
Indigenous education policy, practice and research: unravelling the tangled web
Authors: Shay Marnee , Sarra Grace , Lampert Jo
Published: October 2022

An abundance of research in Indigenous education has not resulted in significant systemic change in relation to Indigenous education in Australia. In this paper we examine convergence and divergence across the policy, practice and research realms with the aim of identifying key sites of opportunity for innovation and change. Through analysing how research and evidence is produced and included/excluded in Indigenous education policy settings, the complexities of how different types of evidence are considered rigorous and relevant were found to be clearly implicated with broader social and political discourses with relation to Indigenous peoples and interests. Whilst we argue for an Indigenous based evidence approach that centres Indigenous agency and solutions, we propose that deeper conversations about Indigenous voice and diversity is needed in implementing such an approach. We re-visit some key policy cycles that resembles the new co-design approach announced by the Australian Government in 2019 and consider the implications based on published literature to date for Indigenous education.
Finite difference schemes for the parabolic p-Laplace equation
Authors: del Teso Félix , Lindgren Erik
Published: October 2022

We propose a new finite difference scheme for the degenerate parabolic equation $$\begin{aligned} \partial _t u - \text{ div }(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) =f, \quad p\ge 2. \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
-

div

(
|
∇
u
|

p
-
2

∇
u
)
=
f
,

p
≥
2
.

Under the assumption that the data is Hölder continuous, we establish the convergence of the explicit-in-time scheme for the Cauchy problem provided a suitable stability type CFL-condition. An important advantage of our approach, is that the CFL-condition makes use of the regularity provided by the scheme to reduce the computational cost. In particular, for Lipschitz data, the CFL-condition is of the same order as for the heat equation and independent of p.
Assessment of Maize Yield Response to Agricultural Management Strategies Using the DSSAT–CERES-Maize Model in Trans Nzoia County in Kenya
Authors: Kipkulei Harison Kiplagat , Bellingrath-Kimura Sonoko Dorothea , Lana Marcos , Ghazaryan Gohar , Baatz Roland , Boitt Mark , Chisanga Charles B. , Rotich Brian , Sieber Stefan
Published: October 2022

Maize production in low-yielding regions is influenced by climate variability, poor soil fertility, suboptimal agronomic practices, and biotic influences, among other limitations. Therefore, the assessment of yields to various management practices is, among others, critical for advancing site-specific measures for production enhancement. In this study, we conducted a multiseason calibration and evaluation of the DSSAT–CERES-Maize model to assess the maize yield response of two common cultivars grown in Trans Nzoia County in Kenya under various agricultural strategies, such as sowing dates, nitrogen fertilization, and water management. We then applied the Mann–Kendall (MK), and Sen’s Slope Estimator (SSE) tests to establish the yield trends and magnitudes of the different strategies. The evaluated model simulated long-term yields (1984–2021) and characterized production under various weather regimes. The model performed well in simulating the growth and development of the two cultivars, as indicated by the model evaluation results. The RMSE for yield was 333 and 239 kg ha−1for H614 and KH600-23A, respectively, representing a relative error (RRMSE) of 8.1 and 5.1%. The management strategies assessment demonstrated significant feedback on sowing dates, nitrogen fertilization, and cultivars on maize yield. The sowing date conducted in mid-February under fertilization of 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare proved to be the best strategy for enhancing grain yields in the region. Under the optimum sowing dates and fertilization rate, the average yield for cultivar KH600-23A was 7.1% higher than that for H614. The MK and SSE tests revealed a significant (p < 0.05) modest downwards trend in the yield of the H614 cultivar compared to the KH600-23A. The eastern part of Trans Nzoia County demonstrated a consistent downwards trend for the vital yield enhancement strategies. Medium to high nitrogen levels revealed positive yield trends for more extensive coverage of the study area. Based on the results, we recommend the adoption of the KH600-23A cultivar which showed stability in yields under optimum nitrogen levels. Furthermore, we recommend measures that improve soil quality and structure in the western and northern parts, given the negative model response on maize yield in these areas. Knowledge of yield enhancement strategies and their spatial responses is of utmost importance for precision agricultural initiatives and optimization of maize production in Trans Nzoia County.
Homological properties of 0-Hecke modules for dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions
Authors: Choi Seung-Il , Kim Young-Hun , Nam Sun-Young , Oh Young-Tak
Published: October 2022

Let n be a nonnegative integer. For each composition

$\alpha $

of n, Berg, Bergeron, Saliola, Serrano and Zabrocki introduced a cyclic indecomposable

$H_n(0)$

-module

$\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$

with a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function as the image of the quasisymmetric characteristic. In this paper, we study

$\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$

s from the homological viewpoint. To be precise, we construct a minimal projective presentation of

$\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$

and a minimal injective presentation of

$\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$

as well. Using them, we compute

$\mathrm {Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}(\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }, \mathbf {F}_{\beta })$

and

$\mathrm {Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}( \mathbf {F}_{\beta }, \mathcal {V}_{\alpha })$

, where

$\mathbf {F}_{\beta }$

is the simple

$H_n(0)$

-module attached to a composition

$\beta $

of n. We also compute

$\mathrm {Ext}_{H_n(0)}^i(\mathcal {V}_{\alpha },\mathcal {V}_{\beta })$

when

$i=0,1$

and

$\beta \le _l \alpha $

, where

$\le _l$

represents the lexicographic order on compositions.
The topological complexity of pure graph braid groups is stably maximal
Authors: Knudsen Ben
Published: October 2022

We prove Farber’s conjecture on the stable topological complexity of configuration spaces of graphs. The conjecture follows from a general lower bound derived from recent insights into the topological complexity of aspherical spaces. Our arguments apply equally to higher topological complexity.
What matters in mental health care? A co-design approach to developing clinical supervision tools for practitioner competency development
Authors: Böhm Bettina , Keane Gregory , Karimet Myriam , Palma Miguel
Published: October 2022

Background

Specialised mental health (MH) care providers are often absent or scarcely available in low resource and humanitarian settings (LRHS), making MH training and supervision for general health care workers (using task-sharing approaches) essential to scaling up services and reducing the treatment gap for severe and common MH conditions. Yet, the diversity of settings, population types, and professional skills in crisis contexts complicate these efforts. A standardised, field tested instrument for clinical supervision would be a significant step towards attaining quality standards in MH care worldwide.

Methods

A competency-based clinical supervision tool was designed by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for use in LRHS. A systematic literature review informed its design and assured its focus on key clinical competencies. An initial pool of behavioural indicators was identified through a rational theoretical scale construction approach, tested through waves of simulation and reviewed by 12 MH supervisors in seven projects where MSF provides care for severe and common MH conditions.

Results

Qualitative analysis yielded two sets of competency grids based on a supervisee's professional background: one for ‘psychological/counselling’ and another for ‘psychiatric/mhGAP’ practitioners. Each grid features 22–26 competencies, plus optional items for specific interventions. While the structure and content were assessed as logical by supervisors, there were concerns regarding the adequacy of the tool to field reality.

Conclusions

Humanitarian settings have specific needs that require careful consideration when developing capacity-building strategies. Clinical supervision of key competencies through a standardised instrument represents an important step towards ensuring progress of clinical skills among MH practitioners.
The Politics of Private Violence: How Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Influences Political Attitudes
Authors: Kras Helen Rabello
Published: October 2022

This study examines the relationship between personal experience with intimate partner violence (IPV) and political attitudes. I argue that by adopting salient legislation on violence against women, the state enables survivors to evaluate government performance on the basis of their ability to access resources for victims. As such, when survivors are unable to reach specialized public services, they might downgrade their evaluations of government performance. Focusing on Brazil and using survey data and qualitative interviews, this study finds that IPV survivors who have not used specialized services hold more negative views of government performance compared to nonvictims. Further analysis, including a series of placebo tests, lends additional support to the main results. This study has an intersectional component, as it also examines the relationship between race and access to services. These findings have implications for victims’ democratic rights and access to justice.
From Mesoamerican History to the History of Mexican Archaeology
Authors: Holley-Kline Sam
Published: October 2022

This essay reviews the following works:

The Alchemy of Conquest: Science, Religion, and the Secrets of the New World. By Ralph Bauer. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019. Pp. 670. $79.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813942544.

On the Lips of Others: Moteuczoma’s Fame in Aztec Monuments and Rituals. By Patrick Thomas Hajovsky. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. vii + 194. $45.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781477307243.

Time and the Ancestors: Aztec and Mixtec Ritual Art. By Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez. Leiden: Brill, 2017. Pp. ix + 615. $182.54 hardcover. ISBN: 9789004340510.

En busca del alma nacional: La arqueología y la construcción del origen de la historia nacional en México (1867–1942). By Haydeé López Hernández. Ciudad de México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018. Pp. 389. $44.99. paperback. ISBN: 9786075391120.

The Value of Things: Prehistoric to Contemporary Commodities in the Maya Region. Edited by Jennifer P. Mathews and Thomas H. Guderjan. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2017. Pp. iii + 309. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816533527.

In the Lands of Fire and Sun: Resistance and Accommodation in the Huichol Sierra, 1723–1930. By Michele McArdle Stephens. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 177. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780803288584.

Género, ciencia y política: Voces, vidas y miradas de la arqueología mexicana. By Apen Ruiz Martínez. Ciudad de México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2016. Pp. 251. Paperback. ISBN: 9786074847970.

The Fifteenth Month: Aztec History in the Rituals of Panquetzaliztli. By John F. Schwaller. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. Pp. ix + 264. $39.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780806162768.
Joint association of alcohol consumption and adiposity with alcohol- and obesity-related cancer in a population sample of 399,575 UK adults
Authors: Inan-Eroglu Elif , Huang Bo-Huei , Sarich Peter , Nassar Natasha , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Obesity and alcohol consumption are both important modifiable risk factors for cancer. We examined the joint association of adiposity and alcohol consumption with alcohol- and obesity-related cancer incidence. This prospective cohort study included cancer-free UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years. Alcohol consumption was categorised based on current UK guidelines into four groups. We defined three markers of adiposity: body fat percentage (BF %), waist circumference and BMI and categorised each into three groups. We derived a joint alcohol consumption and adiposity marker variable with twelve mutually exclusive categories. Among 399 575 participants, 17 617 developed alcohol-related cancer and 20 214 developed obesity-related cancer over an average follow-up of 11·8 (SD 0·9) years. We found relatively weak evidence of independent associations of alcohol consumption with cancer outcomes. However, the joint association analyses showed that across all adiposity markers, above guideline drinkers who were in the top two adiposity groups had elevated cancer incidence risk (e.g. HR for alcohol-related cancer was 1·53 (95 % CI (1·24, 1·90)) for within guideline drinkers and 1·61 (95 % CI (1·30, 2·00)) for above guideline drinkers among participants who were in the top tertile BF %. Regardless of alcohol consumption status, the risk of obesity-related cancer increased with higher adiposity in a dose–response manner within alcohol consumption categories. Our study provides guidance for public health priorities aimed at lowering population cancer risk via two key modifiable risk factors.
Theological Counsel in the Early Quaker Movement
Authors: McARTHUR EUAN DAVID
Published: October 2022

Early Quakers have not typically been noted for their espousal of political counsel. This article proposes that its cohort powerfully made the case for the ‘counsel of God’ in politics. This counsel was, perhaps paradoxically, both intensively inward, deriving from the light of God within, and universalistic and external, given that counsel could emanate from any individual. This was distinct from most contemporary applications of conciliar rhetoric, although some conceptual and practical similarities are considered. This article explores, finally, the diversity of seventeenth-century conceptions of theological and political counsel alongside that of the Quakers, suggesting further directions for research.
Ownership or possession? On Bart Wilson's concept of ownership
Authors: Decker Frank
Published: October 2022

In a recent article Wilson explores the origins and explanation of ownership (property) as a custom, and argues that the custom of ownership is the primary concept and that property rights are subordinated to ownership. I argue that Wilson's subordination argument is unpersuasive; the linguistic evidence used by Wilson fits better with the concept of possession; and ownership is not a human universal.
Overlapping consensus view of human rights: a Rawlsian conception
Authors: Herr Ranjoo Seodu
Published: October 2022

This paper advances and defends the overlapping consensus view of human rights (OCV) as a political conception of human rights most consistent with John Rawls's normative account of a realistic utopia at the international level. Although some clues exist inThe Law of Peoplesto support this view, an innovative reconstruction is called for to complete the picture. This paper aims to offer such a reconstruction, which is predicated on two premises: first, the parties to the international original positions, which include decent nonliberal peoples (DNPs), are reasonable and worthy of liberal toleration; and, second, the protection of human rights proper is a module that can fit into all acceptable comprehensive doctrines at the international level, including societal comprehensive doctrines in DNPs. The first premise has been subjected to vehement liberal critiques and left for dead, and the second premise has not been taken seriously and relatively neglected. This paper defends these premises in turn to justify the OCV as constitutive of Rawls's normative account of a realistic utopia at the international level.
Versorgung pflegender Angehöriger von Menschen mit Demenz in der Kommune während der Pandemie
Authors: Wittek Maren , Kiefer Anna , Voß Henrike , Wiloth Stefanie
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Verfügbarkeit von Unterstützungsangeboten für pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz in der Kommune weist durch die Corona-Pandemie Defizite auf und birgt somit eine veränderte Versorgung der Pflegenden. Fragestellung: Es stellen sich die Fragen, welche Veränderungen der Versorgung pflegender Angehöriger von Menschen mit Demenz Pflegende wahrnehmen, wie Akteur_innen aus der Kommune diese Versorgungssituation während der Pandemie erleben und inwiefern die Wahrnehmung der Gruppen übereinstimmt bzw. sich unterscheidet. Methode: Die Datengrundlage bilden Rathausgespräche und Fokusgruppen aus 13 Kommunen Deutschlands. Hieran nahmen pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz sowie Akteur_innen aus der Kommune teil. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Ergebnis: Nachteilige Veränderungen der Versorgung Pflegender zeigen sich z.B. durch den Wegfall von Betreuungsangeboten oder Angehörigengruppen. V.a. Akteur_innen nehmen vorteilhafte Veränderungen wahr, wie eine voranschreitende Digitalisierung oder verstärkte Nachbarschaftshilfe. Die Wahrnehmung der Veränderungen der Versorgungssituation unterscheidet sich in mehreren Subkategorien zwischen Pflegenden und Akteur_innen. Schlussfolgerung: Obwohl durch die Pandemie große Versorgungslücken entstanden sind, ergeben sich durch aufkommende Herausforderungen neue Möglichkeiten der Unterstützung wie digitale Angehörigengruppen. Zukünftig müssen Möglichkeiten geschaffen werden, um bereits entwickelte Interventionen so zu implementieren, dass die Zielgruppe diese in Anspruch nehmen kann.
Toward an Integrative Perspective on the Person
Authors: Bornstein Robert F.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) have been criticized frequently in recent years, with most critiques focusing on perceived limitations of diagnostic categories. These criticisms notwithstanding, the most promising approach to refining the diagnostic systems is not to replace the categorical model, but to expand the range of assessment methods that are used by clinicians to render diagnoses. This article presents an evidence-based framework for integrating interview and Rorschach data to enhance diagnostic precision, improve treatment planning, and provide a novel paradigm for studying the dynamics of psychopathology in clinical and community settings. Following a discussion of problems associated with monomethod assessment based on patient self-reports, the advantages of multimethod assessment in psychiatric diagnosis are described. A three-step approach to evidence-based multimethod diagnosis is outlined, emphasizing patients’ underlying dynamics, self-attributions, and expressed behaviors. The possibility of updating DSM and ICD symptom criteria to capture these three levels of patient functioning is discussed, strategies for exploring convergences and divergences between interview and Rorschach data are presented, and avenues for expanding the scope of Rorschach practice and research in the 21st century are described.
Living With Cosmic Radiation
Authors: Strauss R. Du Toit
Published: October 2022

The last two decades of cosmic ray research have been eventful, to say the least. The Voyager spacecraft explored the outer‐most regions of the heliosphere and eventually left our local astrosphere to explore the galaxy. At the same time, the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft, amongst many other exciting recent missions, is exploring the inner‐most regions of the heliosphere and probing the source of the solar wind. I have been lucky enough to experience these paradigm‐shifting observations as a post‐graduate student and thereafter as a young researcher. In this paper, I give a firsthand account of the last two decades' cosmic ray research from the perspective of a young researcher from South Africa.
Satellites Get First Full-Year View of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness
Authors: Martin-Jones Erin
Published: October 2022

The AI-based monitoring method may unlock data that could improve shipping safety and climate predictions.
Simulating Aerosol Lifecycle Impacts on the Subtropical Stratocumulus‐to‐Cumulus Transition Using Large‐Eddy Simulations
Authors: Erfani Ehsan , Blossey Peter , Wood Robert , Mohrmann Johannes , Doherty Sarah J. , Wyant Matthew , O Kuan‐Ting
Published: October 2022

Observed stratocumulus to cumulus transitions (SCTs) and their sensitivity to aerosols are studied using a large‐eddy simulation (LES) model that simulates the aerosol lifecycle, including aerosol sources and sinks. To initialize, force, and evaluate the LES, we used a combination of reanalysis, satellite, and aircraft data from the 2015 Cloud System Evolution in the Trades field campaign over the Northeast Pacific. The simulations follow two Lagrangian trajectories from initially overcast stratocumulus (Sc) to the tropical shallow cumulus region near Hawaii. The first trajectory is characterized by an initially clean, well‐mixed Sc‐topped marine boundary layer (MBL), then continuous MBL deepening and precipitation onset followed by a clear SCT and a consistent reduction of aerosols that ultimately leads to an ultra‐clean layer in the upper MBL. The second trajectory is characterized by an initially polluted and decoupled MBL, weak precipitation, and a late SCT. Overall, the LES simulates the observed general MBL features. Sensitivity studies with different aerosol initial and boundary conditions reveal aerosol‐induced changes in the transition, and albedo changes are decomposed into the Twomey effect and adjustments of cloud liquid water path and cloud fraction. Impacts on precipitation play a key role in the sensitivity to aerosols: for the first case, runs with enhanced aerosols exhibit distinct changes in microphysics and macrophysics such as enhanced cloud droplet number concentration, reduced precipitation, and delayed SCT. Cloud adjustments are dominant in this case. For the second case, enhancing aerosols does not affect cloud macrophysical properties significantly, and the Twomey effect dominates.
An Effective and Efficient Method for Identification of Contamination Sources in Water Distribution Systems Based on Manual Grab‐Sampling
Authors: Ji Yiran , Zheng Feifei , Du Jiawen , Huang Yuan , Bi Weiwei , Duan Huan‐Feng , Savic Dragan , Kapelan Zoran
Published: October 2022

Most of the contamination source localization methods for water distribution systems (WDSs) assume the availability of accurate water quality models and multi‐parameter online sensors, which are often out of reach of many water utilities. To address this, a novel manual grab‐sampling method (MGSM) is developed to effectively and efficiently locate continuous contamination sources in a WDS using a dynamic and cyclical sampling strategy. The grab samples are collected at a pre‐specified number of hydrants by the corresponding teams followed by laboratory tests. The MGSM optimizes the sampling plan at each cycle by making the probability of contamination source(s) in each sub‐network as equal as possible, where sub‐networks are determined by the selected hydrants and current flow pipe directions. The CS's size is reduced at each cycle by exploiting sample testing results obtained in the previous cycle until there are no further hydrants to sample from. Two real‐world WDSs are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MGSM. The results obtained show that the MGSM can significantly reduce the spatial range of the CS (to about 5% of the entire WDS) for a range of scenarios including multiple contamination sources and pipe flow direction changes. We found that an optimal number of sampling teams exists for a given WDS, representing a balanced trade‐off between detection efficiency and sampling/testing budgets. Due to its relative simplicity, the proposed MGSM can be used in engineering practice straightaway and it represents a viable alternative to the methods associated with water quality models and sensors.
Cellular basis of enhanced humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 upon homologous or heterologous booster vaccination analyzed by single-cell immune profiling
Authors: Ai Jingwen , Guo Jingxin , Zhang Haocheng , Zhang Yi , Yang Haochen , Lin Ke , Song Jieyu , Fu Zhangfan , Fan Mingxiang , Zhang Qiran , Wang Hongyu , Zhao Yuanhan , He Zhangyufan , Cui An , Zhou Yang , Wu Jing , Zhou Mingzhe , Yuan Guanmin , Kang Boxi , Zhao Ning , Xu Yuanyuan , Zhu Mengqi , Wang Youhong , Zhang Zemin , Jiang Ning , Qiu Chao , Xu Chenqi , Zhang Wenhong
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster dose can induce a robust humoral immune response, however, its cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the durability of antibody responses and single-cell immune profiles following booster dose immunization, longitudinally over 6 months, in recipients of a homologous BBIBP-CorV/BBIBP-CorV or a heterologous BBIBP-CorV/ZF2001 regimen. The production of neutralizing antibodies was dramatically enhanced by both booster regimens, and the antibodies could last at least six months. The heterologous booster induced a faster and more robust plasmablast response, characterized by activation of plasma cells than the homologous booster. The response was attributed to recall of memory B cells and the de novo activation of B cells. Expanded B cell clones upon booster dose vaccination could persist for months, and their B cell receptors displayed accumulated mutations. The production of antibody was positively correlated with antigen presentation by conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), which provides support for B cell maturation through activation and development of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. The proper activation of cDC/Tfh/B cells was likely fueled by active energy metabolism, and glutaminolysis might also play a general role in promoting humoral immunity. Our study unveils the cellular mechanisms of booster-induced memory/adaptive humoral immunity and suggests potential strategies to optimize vaccine efficacy and durability in future iterations.
Sleep decreases neuronal activity control of microglial dynamics in mice
Authors: Hristovska I. , Robert M. , Combet K. , Honnorat J. , Comte J-C , Pascual O.
Published: October 2022

Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells, are highly ramified with dynamic processes transiently contacting synapses. These contacts have been reported to be activity-dependent, but this has not been thoroughly studied yet, especially in physiological conditions. Here we investigate neuron-microglia contacts and microglia morphodynamics in mice in an activity-dependent context such as the vigilance states. We report that microglial morphodynamics and microglia-spine contacts are regulated by spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. We also found that sleep modulates microglial morphodynamics through Cx3cr1 signaling. At the synaptic level, microglial processes are attracted towards active spines during wake, and this relationship is hindered during sleep. Finally, microglial contact increases spine activity, mainly during NREM sleep. Altogether, these results indicate that microglial function at synapses is dependent on neuronal activity and the vigilance states, providing evidence that microglia could be important for synaptic homeostasis and plasticity.