bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Low-Cost Drilling Model
Authors: LIAO Janice Chin-Yi , LE Lan Anh Thi , LEOW Mabel Qi-He , YUSOFF Siti K. M. , CHONG Alphonsus Khin-Sze , LIM Jin Xi
Published: May 2024

Background: Simulation models enable learners to have repeated practise at their own time, to master the psycho-motor and sensory acuity aspects of surgery and build their confidence in the procedure. The study aims to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a low-cost drilling model to train surgeons in the drilling task. The model targets three aspects of drilling – (1) Reduce plunge depth, (2) Ability to differentiate between bone and medullary canal and (3) Increase accuracy drilling in various angles.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethics approval. We invited Consultants in the field of Orthopaedic or Hand Surgery to form the ‘expert’ group, and the ‘novice’ group consisted of participants who had no prior experience in bone drilling. We developed a drilling simulator model made from a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe filled with liquid silicone. This model cost less than US$5. An electric Bosch drill (model GBM 10 RE) with a 1.4 mm K-wire 10 cm in length (6.5 cm outside the drill) was used for drilling. The main outcomes of the study were time taken for drilling, plunge depth, ability to penetrate the far cortex and accuracy.

Results: Thirty-one participants were recruited into the study, of which 15 were experts and 16 were novices. The experts performed significantly better for plunge depth (t = −3.65, p = 0.0003) and accuracy (t = −2.07, p = 0.04). The experts required 20% less time to complete the drilling tasks, but it was not statistically significant (t = −0.79, p = 0.43).

Conclusions: The low-cost drilling model could be useful in training Residents in the drilling task. It will allow Residents to practise independently at their own time and assess their own performance.
Ulnar Neuropathy after Distal Radius Fractures – A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: MAGTOTO Ian Jason , KANG Gavrielle Hui-Ying , TEOH Lam Chuan
Published: May 2024

Background: Ulnar neuropathy after a distal radius fracture is rare and has limited reports in literature. As such, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment and management of such injuries. We report our experience with managing these uncommon injuries.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted where patients presenting with ulnar neuropathy after sustaining a distal radius fracture were identified from January 2021 to December 2023 from our hospital database.

Results: A total of four patients were identified. All of them underwent surgical fixation for their respective fractures. None of them underwent immediate or delayed exploration and decompression of the ulnar nerve. All patients had clinical improvement at 3 months after their initial injuries. Three patients eventually had resolution of the neuropathy between 5 and 9 months post injury, while one had partial recovery and developed a neuroma but declined surgery due to symptoms minimally affecting work and daily activities.

Conclusions: Ulnar neuropathy after distal radius fractures may not be as rare as previously thought. Expectant management of the neuropathy would be a reasonable treatment as long as there is no evidence of nerve discontinuity or translocation and that there is clinical and/or electrodiagnostic improvement at 3–4 months after the initial injury.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Isolated Unilateral Absence of Lunate: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: EDWIN Ajin , BHARDWAJ Praveen , SALYAN Shrutikanth , SABAPATHY S. Raja
Published: May 2024

Isolated unilateral absence of lunate is an extremely rare condition with only one such case reported in English literature so far. The rarity of this condition can lead to diagnostic dilemma, especially if patient has an old history of trauma or surgery around the wrist, leading to unnecessary intervention and difficulty in ensuring a good surgical outcome. We present such a case and discuss the clinical pointers to the diagnosis of this condition.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Integrative approach to nephrocutaneous fistula wound healing: Case report
Authors: Hartsoe Blaise , Srivastava Meha , Nicaise Edouard , Schmeusser Benjamin , Bausum Anna , Master Viraj A.
Published: May 2024

Nephrocutaneous fistula is a very rare, severe non-healing complication following operations involving the kidney. Typical management for such fistula can range from ureteral stent insertion, percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement, or even simple nephrectomy, heminephrectomy, or nephroureterectomy. We present a 78-year-old male who underwent an uncomplicated left partial nephrectomy for a 4.4[Formula: see text]cm renal mass, mostly endophytic, and abutting the collecting system and left renal vein. Two weeks postoperatively, the patient presented with lower back and flank pain along with gross hematuria and was shown to have developed a retroperitoneal hematoma and urinoma at the resection site. The patient underwent a left ureteral stent placement coupled with angioembolization of a pseudoaneurysm identified on cross-sectional computerized tomography (CT) imaging and drain placement. A nephrocutaneous fistula was officially confirmed eight weeks after surgery and the left flank drain was upsized along with additional placement of a left percutaneous nephrostomy tube. Despite the presence of both a flank drain and PCN tube to drain the perinephric fluid collection, there was continuous output from the fistula for six months. An integrative care regimen was introduced and the drain was removed four months later. The patient has not developed a fistula recurrence.
Systematic Modeling of N-Type D–A–D Conjugated Small Molecule-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Hussain Muzammil , Adnan Muhammad , Irshad Zobia , Hussain Riaz , Darwish Hany W. , Iqbal Malik Muhammad Asif
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of six novel (SPZ1–SPZ6) small molecular conjugated nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), for organic solar cells (OSCs). The designed NFAs are characterized by various advanced quantum chemical simulations of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) approaches. We revealed in-depth information regarding molecules’ structural-property relationship charge transfer and optical absorption characteristics of designed molecules and compared them with synthetic reference molecules (R). The designed SPZ1–SPZ6 molecules exhibit red-shifted absorption, reduced bandgaps and increased extinction coefficients, indicating improved molecular phase separation during thin-film deposition during device fabrication. Moreover, the modeled SPZ1–SPZ6 molecules significantly enhance photophysical, optoelectronic and photovoltaic parameters compared to R. Among these, the designed small molecule SPZ2 exhibits superior UV–Vis absorption of 730.44 nm, surpassing R and others. SPZ2 features the smallest bandgap (2.00 eV) and has a substantial improvement over R’s 2.37 eV, and this is due to our efficient molecular modeling strategy. Further investigation revealed efficient charge transfer between the SPZ2 acceptor molecule and PTB7-Th donor molecule complex, making this design capable of producing efficient OSCs in the future.
Rule By Example: Harnessing Logical Rules for Explainable Hate Speech Detection
Authors: Clarke Christopher , Hall Matthew , Mittal Gaurav , Yu Ye , Sajeev Sandra , Mars Jason , Chen Mei
Published: May 2024

Classic approaches to content moderation typically apply a rule-based heuristic approach to flag content. While rules are easily customizable and intuitive for humans to interpret, they are inherently fragile and lack the flexibility or robustness needed to moderate the vast amount of undesirable content found online today. Recent advances in deep learning have demonstrated the promise of using highly effective deep neural models to overcome these challenges. However, despite the improved performance, these data-driven models lack transparency and explainability, often leading to mistrust from everyday users and a lack of adoption by many platforms. In this paper, we present Rule By Example (RBE): a novel exemplar-based contrastive learning approach for learning from logical rules for the task of textual content moderation. RBE is capable of providing rule-grounded predictions, allowing for more explainable and customizable predictions compared to typical deep learning-based approaches. We demonstrate that our approach is capable of learning rich rule embedding representations using only a few data examples. Experimental results on three popular hate speech classification datasets show that RBE is able to outperform state-of-the-art deep learning classifiers as well as the use of rules in both supervised and unsupervised settings while providing explainable model predictions via rule-grounding.
Free-Riding in Plant Health: A Social-Ecological Systems Approach to Collective Action
Authors: Garcia-Figuera Sara , Lowder Sarah R. , Lubell Mark N. , Mahaffee Walter F. , McRoberts Neil , Gent David H.
Published: May 2024

Plant disease epidemics often transcend land management boundaries, creating a collective-action problem where a group must cooperate in a common effort to maximize individual and group benefits. Drawing upon the social-ecological systems framework and associated design principles, we review variables of resource systems, resource units, actors, and governance systems relevant to collective action in plant health. We identify a need to better characterize how attributes of epidemics determine the usefulness of collective management, what influences actors’ decisions to participate, what governance systems fit different plant health threats, and how these subsystems interact to lead to plant health outcomes. We emphasize that there is not a single governance structure that ensures collective action but rather a continuum of structures that depend on the key system variables identified. An integrated social-ecological systems approach to collective action in plant health should enable institutional designs to better fit specific plant health challenges.
Design and Simulation of Dielectrically Modulated Dual Material Gate-Stack Double-Gate FinFET Biosensor
Authors: Pattnaik Asmita , Mohapatra S. K. , Dastidar Ananya , Acharya Om Prakash , AbdelAll Naglaa , El-Badry Basma A , Khouqeer Ghada A. , Alodhayb Abdullah N.
Published: May 2024

This study developed and evaluated a dual-material gate stack double-gate FinFET-based biosensor (DM-GS-DG FinFET). The device was dielectrically modulated and investigated for molecules, such as streptavidin, gluten, zein, hen egg-white lysozyme, and acetylene tetrabromide, based on current, threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and switching sensitivity. The influence of charged and neutral biomolecules within the nanocavity on the electric, analog, and radiofrequency parameters was recorded. This study was conducted relative to different dielectric κ-values of 12 in terms of the percentage sensitivity improvement (SI%). The results reveal that the percentage of sensitivity ION improves effectively, especially for low κ-values, compared with other sensitivity measures. All the sensitivity evaluations indicated that DM-GS-DG-FinFET combined with biomolecules is a viable option for biosensing purposes.
Key Determinants of Student Satisfaction in Online Learning During COVID-19: Evidence From Vietnamese Students
Authors: Thanh Le Phuoc , Trang Tran Ngoc Quynh , Minh Nguyen Nhat , Van Hai Hoang
Published: May 2024

The adoption of online learning modalities has increasingly become prevalent, particularly with the advent of COVID-19, aiming to ensure student access to learning materials. This significant shift towards offering online educational formats compels educational institutions to alter their approach and develop curricula to guarantee an optimal student experience and satisfaction within the online environment. The aim of this research is to comprehensively examine the key factors that significantly impact the satisfaction of undergraduate students with online learning in Vietnamese universities. The quantitative research methodology was implemented through the collection of surveys from a total of 437 Vietnamese students. Utilizing the PLS-SEM statistical approach, the findings reveal that technology, communication, course, outcome, and motivation for learning have significant positive influences on students’ satisfaction with online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the effect of instructors’ attitude and the sudden change from traditional to online classes have been found with as nonsignificant. Valuable implications and practical recommendations are suggested for educational organizations and institutions in Vietnam to enhance specific activities that promote students’ satisfaction with online learning and improve teaching methods provided by instructors.
Some Conditions and Perturbation Theorem of Irregular Wavelet/Gabor Frames in Sobolev Space
Authors: Liu Hui-Min , Tian Yu
Published: May 2024

Due to its potential applications in image restoration and deep convolutional neural networks, the study of irregular frames has interested some researchers. This paper addresses irregular wavelet systems (IWSs) and irregular Gabor systems (IGSs) in Sobolev space HsR. We obtain the sufficient and necessary conditions for IWS and IGS to be frames. By applying these conditions, we also derive the characterizations of IWS and IGS to be frames. Finally, we discuss the perturbation theorem of irregular wavelet frames (IWFs) and irregular Gabor frames (IGFs). We also provided some examples to support our results.
Insult detection using a partitional CNN-LSTM model
Authors: Ben Ismail Mohamed Maher
Published: May 2024

Recently, deep learning has been coupled with notice- able advances in natural language processing (NLP) related research. In this work, we propose a general framework to detect verbal offense in social networks comments. We introduce a partitional CNN-LSTM architecture in order to automatically recognize ver- bal offense patterns in social network comments. Specifically, we use a partitional CNN along with a LSTM model to map the social network comments into two predefined classes. In particular, rather than considering a whole document/comments as input as performed using typical CNN, we partition the comments into parts in order to capture and weight the locally relevant information in each partition. The resulting local information is then sequentially exploited across partitions using LSTM for verbal offense detection. The combination of the partitional CNN and LSTM yields the integration of the local within comments information and the long distance correlation across comments. The proposed approach was assessed using real dataset, and the obtained results proved that our solution outperforms existing relevant solutions.
Survey of wormhole attack in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Umashankar Ghugar  , Jayaram Pradhan
Published: May 2024

From the last decade, a wireless sensor network (WSN) has a very important role over the networks. The primary features of WSN include satellite communication, broadcast channel, hostile environment, medical system and data gathering. There are a lot of attacks available in WSN. In wormhole attack scenario is brutal from other attacks, which is smoothly resolved in networks but tough to observe. This survey paper is an experiment to observing threats and also focuses on some different method to identify the wormhole attacks.
Virtual assistant upper respiratory tract infection education based natural language
Authors: Wiwin Suwarningsih
Published: May 2024

The high incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in Indonesia requires an efficient healthcare solution to maintain human wellbeing. The e-health education model proposed in this paper is a virtual assistant in the form of an interactive question and answer system assistant virtual interactive question answering (AVIQA) with a natural language approach. AVIQA is a form of problem-solving approach to design some aspects of education and consultation in helping parents to recognize symptoms and dealing with several preventive ac tions for toddlers when exposed to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. The technologies proposed for the development of AVIQA include (i) Representation of sentence meanings to build an URTI knowledge base; (ii) Design of dialogue models for interactive consultation using a combination between information state and frame base model and (iii) development of IQA based on casebase reasoning and semantic role labelling. The purpose of developing this technology is to achieve a system that is capable of assisting the users especially mothers in searching for information, reducing user time compared to reading a document, and providing a good advice for finding the right answers, which then can be constructed from a management model prototype information for the education and independent consultation for users. The final result of this study is e-health education system based Indonesian natural language that has an ability in terms of health consultations especially health of children under five in Acute Respiratory Infection disease. This system is expected to have a significant impact on the ability of a mother to recognize symptoms and deal with children attacked by URTI.
Selected advanced themes in ethical hacking and penetration testing
Authors: AlSharaa Buthayna , Thuneibat Saed , Masadeh Rawan , Alqaisi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Since 1980 cyberattacks have been evolving with the rising numbers of internet users and the constant evolving of security systems, and since then security systems experts have been trying to fight these kinds of attacks. This paper has both ethical and scientific goals, ethically, to raise awareness on cyberattacks and provide people with the knowledge that allows them to use the world wide web with fewer worries knowing how to protect their information and their devices with what they can. Scientifically, this paper includes a deep understanding of types of hackers, attacks, and various ways to stay safe online. This research investigates how ethical hackers adapt to the current and upcoming cyber threats. The different approaches for some famous hacking types along with their results are shown. Python and Ruby are used for coding, which we run on Kali Linux operating system.
Collecting and analyzing network-based evidence
Authors: Singh Ashwini Kumar , Kamble Dhwaniket , Bains Abhishek , Tiwari Naman , Deshmukh Tejas Ravindra , Pandey Sanidhya , Kumar Hemant , Bhalerao Diksha M.
Published: May 2024

Since nearly the beginning of the Internet, malware has been a significant deterrent to productivity for end users, both personal and business related. Due to the pervasiveness of digital technologies in all aspects of human lives, it is increasingly unlikely that a digital device is involved as goal, medium or simply ‘witness’ of a criminal event. Forensic investigations include collection, recovery, analysis, and presentation of information stored on network devices and related to network crimes. These activities often involve wide range of analysis tools and application of different methods. This work presents methods that helps digital investigators to correlate and present information acquired from forensic data, with the aim to get a more valuable reconstructions of events or action to reach case conclusions. Main aim of network forensic is to gather evidence. Additionally, the evidence obtained during the investigation must be produced through a rigorous investigation procedure in a legal context.
Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Vascular Function in Adults With Abdominal Obesity: An Ancillary Study of HAT, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Davis Kristin M. , Petersen Kristina S. , Matthan Nirupa R. , Legro Richard S. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Abdominal obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and poorer vascular health. Avocado consumption improves postprandial endothelial function; however, the longer‐term effects remain unclear. It was hypothesized that the daily addition of 1 avocado to a habitual diet for 6 months would improve flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity in individuals with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥35 in for women, ≥40 in for men), compared with a habitual diet low in avocados.

Methods and Results

HAT (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel‐arm study that investigated the health effects of adding 1 avocado per day to a habitual diet in individuals with abdominal obesity. At the Pennsylvania State University, University Park study center (n=134; age, 50 ± 13 years; women, 78%; body mass index, 32.6 ± 4.8 kg/m
2
), markers of vascular function were measured, including endothelial function, assessed via brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation, and arterial stiffness, assessed via carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity. Between‐group differences in 6‐month change in flow‐mediated dilation and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed using independent
t
tests. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted using linear regression. No significant between‐group differences in flow‐mediated dilation (mean difference=−0.62% [95% CI, −1.70 to 0.46]) or carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (0.25 m/s [95% CI, −0.13 to 0.63]) were observed. Results of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the primary analyses.

Conclusions

Longer‐term consumption of 1 avocado per day as part of a habitual diet did not improve measures of vascular function compared with a habitual diet low in avocados in individuals with abdominal obesity.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Type 2 NSTEMI in Hospitalized Patients With COVID‐19
Authors: Patel Sahishnu , Visotcky Alexis , Devine Adam , Kode Vishwajit , Kotlo Srisha , Aljadah Michael , Sparapani Rodney , Kulinski Jacquelyn
Published: May 2024

Background

Data on the incidence of type 2 non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (T2MI) in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 has been limited to single‐center studies. Given that certain characteristics, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, have been associated with higher mortality in COVID‐19 infections, we aimed to define the incidence of T2MI in a national cohort and identify pre‐hospital patient characteristics associated with T2MI in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.

Methods and Results

Using the national American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Quality Improvement Registry, we performed a retrospective 4:1 matched (age, sex, race, and body mass index) analysis of controls versus cases with T2MI. We performed (1) conditional multivariable logistic regression to identify predictive pre‐hospital patient characteristics of T2MI for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 and (2) stratified proportional hazards regression to investigate the association of T2MI with morbidity and mortality. From January 2020 through May 2021, there were 709 (2.2%) out of 32 015 patients with T2MI. Five hundred seventy‐nine cases with T2MI were matched to 2171 controls (mean age 70; 43% female). Known coronary artery disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, payor source, and presenting heart rate were associated with higher odds of T2MI. Anti‐hyperglycemic medication and anti‐coagulation use before admission were associated with lower odds of T2MI. Those with T2MI had higher morbidity and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.13–1.74];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

In hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, those with a T2MI compared with those without had higher morbidity and mortality. Outpatient anti‐hyperglycemic and anti‐coagulation use were the only pre‐admission factors associated with reduced odds of T2MI.
Letters, Mirrors, and Fiction in Iamblichus’ Babyloniaka
Authors: Jackson Claire Rachel
Published: May 2024

This article explores the depiction of letters, epigraphs, and other texts in Iamblichus’ fragmentary Babyloniaka, primarily preserved by the ninth-century writer Photius in his Bibliotheca, and argues that they act as evidence for the novel’s own cultural and literary positioning. These texts, while superficially unconventional in their form and mode of transmission, in practice reiterate traditional anxieties about written texts found throughout Greek literary history. As such, this paper argues that these embedded texts act as mirrors to the novel’s own framing as a self-proclaimed Babylonian fiction constructed through imperial Greek linguistic and literary models. By considering the hitherto neglected depictions of letters and other texts within Photius’ summary of the Babyloniaka, this approach sheds new light on the literary allusivity and cultural framing of the now-lost novel and its later reception.
An Acrostic in Quintus Serenus’ Liber medicinalis?
Authors: Silva Gabriel A.F.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this note is to highlight an acrostic regarding leprosy (lepra) in Quintus Serenus’ Liber medicinalis (vv. 48-52), arguing that it is no accident but intentional. To this end, I show its relevance in context and take as examples the structure and contents of the poem, namely its reference to the case of Sulla’s disease.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Two-Dimensional Magnetite Nanosheets and Raman Study of Heat-Induced Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Xiang Yuesong , An Nan , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Liwen , Chen Xiangbai
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional magnetic materials exhibiting antiferromagnetic properties at room temperature offer significant potential for developing next generation spintronic nanodevices. This work presents controlled synthesis of two-dimensional magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets
utilizing lost cost and convenient chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, Raman spectroscopy study of laser-heating and annealing induced oxidation reaction. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy characterizations demonstrated
that Fe3O4 nanosheets down to about 10 nm with good crystalline quality, surface uniformity, and minimal defects can be obtained by optimizing the growth parameters in our CVD synthesis. Both laser-heating and annealing studies of Fe3O4 nanosheets
indicated that ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 nanosheets gradually change to antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 nanosheets at about 400 °C. Our study showed that Raman spectroscopy provides a convenient and powerful method for estimating heat-induced
temperature and investigating oxidation reaction.
Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Early Detection of Clostridium Infection in Milk
Authors: Barbiero Daniele , Melison Fabio , Cocola Lorenzo , Fedel Massimo , Andrighetto Cristian , Dea Paola De , Poletto Luca
Published: May 2024

Detecting Clostridium in milk presents a significant challenge for the dairy industry given that traditional methods are time-consuming and not specific for these bacteria. Microbiological techniques are expensive and require qualified personnel. Clostridium, in the form of spores, can withstand pasteurization and revert to its vegetative form during cheese aging. These gas-producing bacteria are known for their production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, causing the formation of slits, cracks, and irregular eyes in hard and semi-hard cheeses. However, gas analysis in the vial headspace of appropriate culture can be exploited to specifically detect Clostridium presence, since the closest competing bacterial Bacilli produces only carbon dioxide. The aim of this paper is to present a Raman-spectroscopy-based instrument for a rapid, inexpensive identification of Clostridium in milk with a limit of detection of 29 spores/L. The proposed measurement procedure is analog to that routinely used, based on the most probable number method. The Raman-based instrument speeds up the detection of a vial's positivity. A test conducted with Clostridium spores demonstrated its effectiveness in almost halving the time needed for the measurement campaign compared to the traditional method.
Patterns and correlates of health service contact prior to serious offences by people with severe mental illness
Authors: Goodhand Corrie , Lyons Georgia , Johnson Anina , Nielssen Olav , Large Matthew , Dean Kimberlie
Published: May 2024

Background:

Contact with health services prior to offences committed by people with mental illness is an opportunity for intervention and prevention. This study examines the pattern and correlates of health service contact by people with severe mental illness before a serious offence.

Method:

Linkage of a cohort of 477 Forensic Patients found not guilty due to mental illness between 1990 and 2016, and statewide databases of contact with emergency departments, hospital admission and outpatient mental health services in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

Results:

A total of 84% of the sample had contact with any health service and 76% had contact with an outpatient mental health service prior to the index offence. About two-thirds of the sample had contact with a mental health service in the year before the offence. Factors independently associated with the absence of contact at any point prior to the index offence were non-English-speaking background, being engaged in employment or study, and an absence of childhood abuse or neglect. Although nearly every Forensic Patient had a psychotic illness at the time of the index offence, psychosis was not diagnosed at the time of 61/106 (57.5%) emergency department presentations, in 54/174 (31.0%) hospital admissions and 149/222 (67.1%) attendances at outpatient mental health services prior to the offence.

Conclusions:

Most Forensic Patients had contact with health services prior to their offences but many were not identified as having a psychotic illness. Although the symptoms of psychosis may have emerged in the period between contact and the offence, the findings suggest that emerging or underlying psychosis were missed or attributed to other conditions.
Dia tōn grammōn: Hipparchus on simultaneous risings and settings
Authors: Landi Enrico , Schironi Francesca
Published: May 2024

In his Exegesis, Hipparchus explicitly states that he developed a method to calculate simultaneous risings and settings, It is generally assumed that Hipparchus used either Menelaus’ Theorem, or stereographic projections, even if both methods are only attested for later periods and their availability to Hipparchus is debated. In this article we argue that simultaneous risings and settings could be calculated using less advanced mathematical tools unquestionably available to Hipparchus: Elements I.47 (commonly known as the theorem of Pythagoras), the Rule of Three (applied to simple proportions between right triangles), and the Table of Chords. Without claiming that this was indeed the method that Hipparchus used, we argue that there is no need to postulate the availability of more sophisticated tools to carry out the calculations which Hipparchus mentions in the Exegesis.
The democratic patience
Authors: Kenealy Andrew
Published: May 2024

This article theoretically clarifies and presents the first large-N empirical support for a centuries-old intuition: that democracies are slow to use violent military force. It argues that democratic and nondemocratic state leaders managing interstate crises experience trade-offs over when to respond, and that democratic institutions incentivize democrats that consider violent military force to delay. The article presents a simplified account of leader choice during crisis and highlights two mechanisms rooted in external and internal politics that may drive delay. Analyses of nearly 950 states experiencing crisis provide support for expectations. Democracy is associated with a roughly 40% lower likelihood of responding to a crisis at any given point in time, conditional on responding with violence. Two illustrative case studies probe the plausibility of the proposed mechanisms. Taken together, the theory and findings illuminate the processes leaders engage as they consider abandoning negotiating tables at home and abroad in favor of the battlefield.
Third-party countries in cyber conflict: Public opinion and conflict spillover in cyberspace
Authors: Gomez Miguel Alberto , Winger Gregory H
Published: May 2024

The transnational nature of cyberspace alters the role of third-party countries (TPCs) in international conflict. In the conventional environment, military operations are primarily confined to the boundaries of the combatants or a designated war zone. However, during cyber conflicts, operations may occur on the digital infrastructure of states not otherwise involved in the dispute. Nevertheless, within the cyber conflict literature, little is said about TPCs who, by virtue of interconnectivity, may find themselves involved in a conflict not of their own making. Consequently, we examine the political and diplomatic hazards of cyber operations involving these actors. Through survey experiments involving participants from the United Kingdom and Canada, we assess the public opinion impact of an offensive cyber operation’s revelation on a TPC population. We find that while these incidents are viewed negatively, prior authorization and the involvement of an ally reduces this tendency. Such conditions lead the public to perceive these operations as corresponding with their national interest while suppressing fears of the possible consequences following their indirect involvement.
Modern Band in Elementary Music
Authors: Clauhs Matthew , Olesko Beatrice B. , Vasil Martina
Published: May 2024

Modern band programs have spread throughout the United States to create learner-centered and culturally affirming school music experiences for children. The four key concepts of modern band, (1) approximation and scaffolding, (2) decision-making, (3) iconic notation, and (4) culturally sustaining (music education), are congruent with many elementary general music philosophies and pedagogies. This article examines intersections of modern band and general music practices and demonstrates how typical classroom instruments (e.g., unpitched percussion, ukuleles, xylophones, and metallophones) can be used to implement key modern band concepts in an elementary school general music setting.
A Combined Kundalini Yoga and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Staples Julie K. , Mintie Daniel , Khalsa Sat Bir Singh
Published: May 2024

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the standard conventional treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, recent studies have reported the benefits of yoga for reducing PTSD symptoms including a Kundalini Yoga (KY) intervention. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel combined 8-week CBT and KY program for treating PTSD symptoms and improving sleep quality in a single group trial of 26 adults with PTSD. PTSD symptoms (PTSD checklist-5) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed at baseline, post intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. Both CBT and yoga homework compliance were also measured. Total PTSD symptom scores as well as the cluster symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, arousal/reactivity, and negative alterations in cognitions and mood) were significantly improved following the program, all p < .01. The improvements in total PTSD scores, intrusion, avoidance, arousal/reactivity were maintained at follow-up, with all values still less ( p < .01) than baseline. The negative alterations in cognitions and mood symptom cluster continued to improve further at follow-up compared to post-intervention values ( p < .05). Total sleep score ( p < .05) and the subscales of sleep disturbance ( p < .01), daytime dysfunction ( p < .05), and sleep quality ( p < .01) were significantly improved after the program and these improvements were maintained at follow-up compared to baseline. Sleep medication use was decreased ( p < .05) and sleep latency was improved ( p < .01) at follow-up only compared to baseline. There was a significant positive correlation ( p < .05) between the completion of the yoga home practice and post change in total sleep scores. These results show that a combined KY and CBT intervention resulted in decreased PTSD symptoms and improved sleep quality and suggest this program may constitute an additional treatment option for PTSD.
Adapting to the Evolving Digital Landscape: Development and Validation of the VirtHuLab Self Efficacy Scale
Authors: Duradoni Mirko , La Gamma Martina , Serritella Elena , Severino Franca Paola , Prifti Alba , Guazzini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Measuring people’s self-efficacy in navigating the digital world has become essential in an age where the Internet permeates every aspect of life. This paper describes the creation and validation of the VISES (Virthulab Internet Self-Efficacy Scale), an instrument designed for the modern Internet environment. The way we work, communicate, and access information is changing as a result of the digital revolution, and VISES encapsulates the abilities and self-assurance needed to succeed in this Web 4.0 era. The study investigated the connections between VISES scores, Internet usage habits, net frustration, self-disparagement, and Internet addiction using a rigorous methodology. The study included a sample of 773 participants who could speak Italian (66.5% women). Participants were 31.38 years old on average (standard deviation = 11.19). The 3-factor structure of VISES, which demonstrated strong reliability for each subscale, was discovered by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the study, there is a substantial positive link between the VISES Internet self-efficacy ratings and both the frequency and duration of online use. Additionally, VISES scores exhibited positive associations with expected outcomes of Internet use, including social outcomes, personal entertainment, and personal information. The negative link between VISES scores and net frustration and self-disparagement emphasized the importance of self-efficacy in reducing negative emotional and cognitive states while using the Internet. Surprisingly, the association between VISES scores and Internet addiction was found for just one of the dimensions of VISES.
Occupational Category and Professional Title Influencing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) of Quality Training: A Cross-Sectional Survey From a Tertiary General Hospital
Authors: Zhu Ling-Feng , Wang Xi-Feng , Chen Hai-Xiao , Liu Qiao , Zhu Lin-Hong , Ying Qian-Shan
Published: May 2024

Quality improvement is an international priority, and quality education and training are important parts of hospital quality management. The aim of this study was to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and its influencing factors related to quality training in medical staff. A questionnaire survey was conducted by convenience sampling to assess the KAP of quality training in Taizhou Enze Medical Center. Principal component analysis was used to extract factors from the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, median, mean), Kendall grade correlation analysis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. A total of 205 staff members participated in the questionnaire survey. For the 5 factors of the KAP scale, the highest score was factor F4, recognition and support for quality training (mean = 90.55, median = 100), followed by factor F3, perceived benefits (mean = 84.46, median = 85.65). Relatively lower scores were found for factor F2, quality knowledge learning and mastery (mean = 63.09, median = 63.89), and F5, quality management practices and sharing (mean = 82.07, median = 75.00). There was a correlation between the 5 factors. The scores of F2 (quality knowledge learning and mastery) for staff with senior professional titles were higher than those for staff with intermediate professional titles or below. The score of F3 (perceived benefits of quality training) in medical technicians and nurses was higher than in doctors and administrative personnel. Our findings showed that the respondents’ attitude toward quality training was positive, but their knowledge mastery and practice behaviors should be further improved. Occupational category and professional title were the influencing factors of the quality training KAP. Therefore, hospital should conduct quality management training at a wider scope according to the competency requirements of different groups, and further optimize the improvement and innovation system.
Following Your Ideal Leader: Implicit Public Leadership Theories, Leader—Member Exchange, and Work Engagement
Authors: Hesmert Laura , Vogel Rick
Published: May 2024

Although social comparisons are ubiquitous in leadership, previous scholarship in public administration has not yet studied comparative aspects of how followers perceive and respond to leadership. This study addresses this gap and disentangles the link between leadership and work engagement from a socio-cognitive and relational perspective. It examines how public employees compare their real leaders against ideal leaders and how perceived gaps between both affect their work engagement through leader–member exchange (LMX). Building on leadership and job demands–resources theory, a priming study using the Semantic Misattribution Procedure (SMP) extracts participants’ Implicit Public Leadership Theories. Structural equation modeling reveals that work engagement is substantially higher (lower) when characteristics of the supervisor resonate with positive (negative) prototypes of ideal leaders, with this association being fully mediated by LMX. The study shows how implicit information processing matters for the emergence of leader–follower relationships and, in turn, for important follower outcomes. It thus contributes to, and combines, a socio-cognitive and a relational approach to leadership in the public sector.
A Psychological, Historical Analysis of Post-Slavery Trauma and Post-Slavery Growth: Are They Viable Constructs?
Authors: Cross William E.
Published: May 2024

Around the turn of the 20th century, two sociologists, W. E. B. Du Bois, and E. Franklin Frazier, produced separate narratives depicting the legacy of slavery. Du Bois documented both the apparent negative consequences as well the way many ex-slaves achieved “uplift” within a short period of time, following Emancipation. Frazier claimed that exiting slavery the ex-slaves were a broken and damaged community in dire need of assimilation. In the 1930s, when Black psychologists entered the picture, their contribution tended to favor and extend Frazier’s work, resulting in a series of studies documenting racial self-hatred and damage to the self-concept. Inspired by contemporary biological and genealogical research showing trauma can become embedded in DNA structures and transmitted from one generation to another, Joy DeGruy theorized that most African Americans suffer from a Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome [PTSS]. Missing from DeGruy’s theorizing was mention of theory and research on the way trauma can result in positive psychological outcomes or Post-Traumatic Growth [PTG]. The current work attempts to summarize theory and research for both PTSS and PTG, as each may apply to an analysis of the psychological legacy of slavery.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Cognitive Problems and Strategies Assessment in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Tirado-Durán Elsa , Jiménez-Rodríguez Laura Ivonne , Castañeda-Franco Marisol , Jiménez-Tirado Mariana , Twamley Elizabeth W. , Fresán-Orellana Ana , Yoldi-Negrete María
Published: May 2024

Cognitive deficits play an important role in Bipolar Disorder (BPD). The Cognitive Problems and Strategies Assessment (CPSA) is a measure that evaluates the patient’s perception of cognitive difficulties, and the spontaneous use of compensatory strategies and could thus have potential utility for clinical practice in patients with BPD. Our aim was to determine the validity and reliability of the Cognitive Problems and Strategies Assessment (CPSA) in Bipolar Disorder (BPD). Ninety-three BPD outpatients and 90 controls completed the Assessment of Problems with Thinking and Memory (APTM) questionnaire and the Assessment of Memory and Thinking Strategies (AMTS) questionnaire which constitute the CPSA, the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA), as a measure of convergent validity, and general sociodemographic data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and independent sample t tests were used for Internal consistency, Convergent validity and Discriminant validity. The APTM had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93 and the AMTS 0.90. The COBRA score and the APTM were significantly correlated. BPD patients exhibited higher scores on the APTM and lower scores on the AMTS than controls. The present instrument enriches the clinician’s repertoire for rapid and inexpensive cognitive evaluation in BPD.
Consistent social information perceived in animated backgrounds improves ensemble perception of facial expressions
Authors: Zhao Mengfei , Wang Jun
Published: May 2024

Observers can rapidly extract the mean emotion from a set of faces with remarkable precision, known as ensemble coding. Previous studies have demonstrated that matched physical backgrounds improve the precision of ongoing ensemble tasks. However, it remains unknown whether this facilitation effect still occurs when matched social information is perceived from the backgrounds. In two experiments, participants decided whether the test face in the retrieving phase appeared more disgusted or neutral than the mean emotion of the face set in the encoding phase. Both phases were paired with task-irrelevant animated backgrounds, which included either the forward movement trajectory carrying the “cooperatively chasing” information, or the backward movement trajectory conveying no such chasing information. The backgrounds in the encoding and retrieving phases were either mismatched (i.e., forward and backward replays of the same trajectory), or matched (i.e., two identical forward movement trajectories in Experiment 1, or two different forward movement trajectories in Experiment 2). Participants in both experiments showed higher ensemble precisions and better discrimination sensitivities when backgrounds matched. The findings suggest that consistent social information perceived from memory-related context exerts a context-matching facilitation effect on ensemble coding and, more importantly, this effect is independent of consistent physical information.