bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent faulting along Gorontalo fault based on seismicity data analysis and lineament mapping
Authors: Efendi Hasan Arif , Marliyani Gayatri Indah , Pramumijoyo Subagyo
Published: November 2021

We focused our study to characterize the geometry and activity of Gorontalo fault. We analysed reviewed the ISC seismic catalogue and the BMKG relocated earthquake events available for the time period of 1960 to 2021, located along the expected location of this fault. In addition, we analysed continuous record from local seismic observatory available for the same period. Further, we mapped the lineaments using 8.3-m resolution DEMNAS data. Tens on shallow earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of this fault with a range magnitude of M 2 to 3. Our lineament analysis however does not reveal distinctive pattern that may indicate the fault manifestation at the surface. The NW-SE trending lineaments are coincidence with the mapped trace of Gorontalo Fault. The weak surface manifestation of the fault scarp may be related to the tropical climatic condition of the area which may obliterate the faulting topography. However, we observed alignment of the seismicity distribution with the mapped NW-SE lineament, indicating that the lineament is likely representing active fault and these earthquakes are associated with faulting along this fault. Our study provide indication that the Gorontalo Fault is active and further study is necessary to investigate subsurface geometry and mitigate its seismic hazards.
The impacts of Seroja Tropical Cyclone towards extreme weather in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sekaranom Andung Bayu , Putri Narastravika Henardi , Puspaningrani Fatih Cinderaswari
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to discuss the Seroja Tropical Cyclone and its impact on extreme weather. Seroja tropical cyclones occur from April 4 to 5th 2021, in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) region. Based on data from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), the initial position of the Seroja tropical cyclone was in the Savu Sea, southwest of Timor Island. Since April 1, 2021, the NTT region has become the center of low pressure that triggers the formation of this cyclone. When a tropical storm occurs, the intensity of rainfall which initially reaches less than 60 mm/day, increases rapidly to more than 100 mm/day on April 4 to 5, 2021. This is the impact of the low-pressure center that triggers the formation of tropical cyclones in the region.
Understanding Community Collective Behaviour Through Social Media Responses: Case of Sunda Strait Tsunami, 2018, Indonesia
Authors: Salsabilla Farah Pasha , Hizbaron Dyah Rahmawati
Published: November 2021

The Sunda Strait Tsunami which occurred on 22nd December 2018 is one among too many examples of a rapid on-set disaster that attracted public attention through Twitter. This sudden event had a massive impact on parts of the west coast of Banten Province, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the collective response reflected on Twitter due to the 2018 Sunda Strait Tsunami. Previous studies shows the utilization of crowd sourcing data from social media for community capacity and quick assessment of disaster impacts. Therefore, the characteristics of people’s responses on social media based on spatio-temporal attributes needs to be understood first to build better understanding about the information that can be used for emergency response strategies consideration. This research method involved a spatial statistics approach, while data collection and descriptive analysis were carried out based on Twitter word cloud data. This analysis showed that temporally, the highest number of tweets was generated at the beginning of the disaster period with downward trend into the end of phase. As for spatially, people in directly affected areas by the disaster tend to give negative sentiments as their expression of sadness and fears towards the disaster. The content of the tweets involved asking for help, reporting on the current situation, and confirming the news on accounts belonging to government agencies. Furthermore, people in areas that were not directly affected produced tweets with more positive sentiment with expressions of condolences, sympathy, gratitude and invitations for volunteers and social actions.
Proportion of exported non-oil and gas commodities for manufacturing industries, case study in the City of Cilegon
Authors: Thio Julia , Husnalawati Fahma , Porodani Fatma Kusuma , Nurzahwa Haris Afifudin Anggun , Nurur Riza Jaa’ana , Bagus Ridho Dayan , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

Export activities are important to the economic growth of the country, especially for developing countries. The city of Cilegon in Banten Province is the main city for the manufacturing industry in Indonesia, mainly for its iron and steel products. This study aims to determine the proportion of exported goods for the manufacturing industry in the City of Cilegon and make suggestions for further development. Data used are BPS publications 2016-2020, LQ is calculated to know the basis of the economic sector in the city. According to the calculation, the manufacturing industry in the City of Cilegon shares 59.70%, the highest among other regions. Commodities that dominated the export trade are footwear, plastic products, iron and steel products, while the US, China, and Japan were the countries that had the highest FOB. To escalate export performance and intensity, it is necessary to consider market and competitors’ networks, improvement of education and transport infrastructure, along with environmental and social-cultural impacts.
Suspended solids and bacteria removal mechanisms in ceramic filter and pervious concrete filter: a review
Authors: Boulven Ekha Yogafanny , Triatmadja Radianta , Kamulyan Budi , Nurrochmad Fatchan , Supraba Intan
Published: November 2021

The need for drinking water with affordable access is increasing nowadays. The poor water quality problems can be solved by several water treatment methods, i.e. ceramic filter (CF) and pervious concrete filter (PCF). Those two mentioned technologies work based on the pores that exist within the filter. This study aimed to review (1) the influence of the material composition of the CF and PCF on hydraulic characteristics (porosity, permeability, pore size, pore structure, pore connectivity/ distribution) and its removal effectiveness, and (2) the removal mechanisms of suspended solids and bacteria based on its hydraulic characteristics. The study reviewed 45 literature, including books, reports, and published articles. The type, mineral, and sources of clay and the type, shape, proportion, and size of combustible materials on CF will affect its hydraulic characteristic. The shape, size, and type of aggregate, the ratio of water to cement, and the ratio of aggregate to cement on PCF will affect its hydraulic characteristics. The removal mechanisms of suspended solids are straining on the surface and trapping on the deadlocked pores. On the other hand, the bacteria removal mechanisms strain the bacteria in the dirt layer and trap the bacteria in the pores.
Impact of employee age and work experience on safety culture at workplace
Authors: Mat Isa Abdul Aziz , Wahab Warishah Abdul , Omar Rohayu Che , Mohd Nordin Mohd Zaid , Taha Hairin , Roslan Rasyikin
Published: November 2021

Occupational accidents can be caused by different factors and can have many consequences, such as minor or fatal injury, equipment damage, permanent disability, or, in some cases, fatality. Therefore, it is essential to identify the causes of accidents to prevent them from recurring in the future and minimize injury, ill-health, and business costs. It is crucial, by determining the causes of the incident in the workplace, to analyse those that happened and take practical preventive steps to minimize the likelihood of them occurring again. A safe and accident-free working environment can allow the company to function efficiently and effectively. This study examined whether the age and experience of the employees, as determined by the demographics, have significant differences in the mean scores of the compliance towards safety culture within the company.
Land-Use Change Analysis of National Southern Cross Road Route Development in Bantul Regency
Authors: Kafafa Utia , Harini Rika
Published: November 2021

The National Southern Cross Road Route well known as Jalan Jalur Lintas Selatan (JJLS) in Indonesia. The segment which crosses Bantul Regency has 16.65 km long. The development of JJLS will have various kinds of impacts on the community around the road infrastructure. This study wants to know how the impact of the development that saw from the spatial dynamics of land-use change. The study area is located in Poncosari, Gadingsari, Srigading, Tirtohargo, and Parangtritis Village. We process the data using the map overlay technique then analyze it with quantitative descriptive. The results of this study are the development of JJLS in Bantul Regency has not significantly affected the land-use changes. It is evident from the location of the land-use change which is far from the road and tends to be disheveled. The Land-use changes that occur do not form a specific pattern such as the pattern of conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land. The less significant changes in land use are caused by the condition of the JJLS which is not yet fully connected. Moreover, the status of land ownership around JJLS is Sultan Ground so a special permit is needed if the community wants to use the land.
Best Practices of Capital City Relocation in Various Countries: Literature Review
Authors: Rachmawati Rini , Haryono Eko , Ghiffari Rizki Adriadi , Reinhart Hilary , Permatasari Farah Dewi , Rohmah Amandita Ainur
Published: November 2021

Capital city relocation issue is currently emerging due to the condition and problem Indonesia encounters. Study toward some cases of capital city relocation could be crucial input for analysis and comparison. This paper aims to review capital city relocation examples. Literature review shows there are variances in background and driving factors internally or externally, and infrastructure needs for city development. The driving factors consist of environmental pressure, pollution, urban heat island, housing, urban sprawl, and disaster. The infrastructures required for the development of a new capital city are information and communication technology (ICT), physical infrastructure, transportation, and open green space. From the analysis, Myanmar’s Yangon to Naypyidaw relocation and Malaysia’s Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya relocation are the best practices in capital city development that boosts new activities and urban extension. Burma shows the infrastructure’s role in development of a new capital city and Kuala Lumpur reveals how ICT implementation helps to establish a new capital city. This paper is expected to fill the research gap from previous research in terms of reviews related to the need for ICT in capital city preparation. This indicates that this paper has followed the trend of ICT advancement. The next research and publication will strengthen the use of ICT as one of the variables.
Diffusive limits of 2D well-balanced schemes for kinetic models of neutron transport
Authors: Bretti Gabriella , Gosse Laurent , Vauchelet Nicolas
Published: November 2021

Two-dimensional dissipative and isotropic kinetic models, like the ones used in neutron transport theory, are considered. Especially, steady-states are expressed for constant opacity and damping, allowing to derive a scattering S-matrix and corresponding "truly 2D well-balanced" numerical schemes. A first scheme is obtained by directly implementing truncated Fourier–Bessel series, whereas another proceeds by applying an exponential modulation to a former, conservative, one. Consistency with the asymptotic damped parabolic approximation is checked for both algorithms. A striking property of some of these schemes is that they can be proved to be both 2D well-balanced and asymptotic-preserving in the parabolic limit, even when setting up IMEX time-integrators: see Corollaries 3.4 and A.1. These findings are further confirmed by means of practical benchmarks carried out on coarse Cartesian computational grids.
Multi-scale physico-chemical characterization of CEB/ANS bio-composites
Authors: Akhzouz Hajar , El Minor Hassan , Bendarma Amine , El Minor Hanane
Published: November 2021

In a vision to identify the non-linear behaviour of the compressed earth blocks (CEB) reinforced by the Argan nut shells particles (ANS) influenced by many parameters like the shape, the distribution and the quantity of the stabilizers, as well as the interactions between both phases: matrix and reinforcement. The use of numerical models seems to be indispensable. Yet, simulations of heterogeneous structures quickly become unaffordable by direct calculations on finite element software. Therefore, a homogenization of the experimental, analytical, and numerical macrostructure is performed. Thus, an overall micro-mesomacro approach to modelling the mechanical behaviour of CEB/CNA bio-composites has been established. It is mainly based on the notion of the representative elementary volume with two different structures (periodic structure and structure with a poisson distribution). The numerical and analytical homogenization results were validated by the Young’s modulus values resulting from the experimental compression test and the corresponding stress-strain curves.
A Deep Learning Approach for DDoS Attack Detection Using Supervised Learning
Authors: Tekleselassie Hailye
Published: November 2021

This research presents a novel combined learning method for developing a novel DDoS model that is expandable and flexible property of deep learning. This method can advance the current practice and problems in DDoS detection. A combined method of deep learning with knowledge-graph classification is proposed for DDoS detection. Whereas deep learning algorithm is used to develop a classifier model, knowledge-graph system makes the model expandable and flexible. It is analytically verified with CICIDS2017 dataset of 53.127 entire occurrences, by using ten-fold cross validation. Experimental outcome indicates that 99.97% performance is registered after connection. Fascinatingly, significant knowledge ironic learning for DDoS detection varies as a basic behavior of DDoS detection and prevention methods. So, security professionals are suggested to mix DDoS detection in their internet and network.
Application of blockchain technology in “smart-digital hospital” cyber physical systems
Authors: Ali Ragimova Nazila , Hacimahmud Abdullayev Vugar
Published: November 2021

Health informatization as an urgent problem has not yet been resolved. Quality medical care, intellectual level, communication infrastructure, management process, control of equipment, sensors are presented as a “smart-digital hospital” cyberphysical system with modern information technologies. The most important condition for “smart-digital” hospitals is that health workers inform patients about patients using the Internet of Things and mobile applications, and ensure their comfort.
Numerical simulation and experimentation of endodontic file using Taguchi DoE
Authors: Lokhande Pravin R. , Salunkhe Sachin S. , Balaguru Sethuraman
Published: November 2021

The endodontic file is a tapered, needle shape body used for the preparation of curved human root canals. During the preparation, process files get failed due to the locking action offered by the canal wall. The present study aimed to find the fatigue life of endodontic files at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Four brands of files were selected for the present study viz. Hyplex CM, Pro-Taper Next, Hero Shaper, Pro-File Vortex. The strain life analysis done using ANSYS showed that the Hyplex CM file gives the highest fatigue life at 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Therefore, Hyplex CM file was selected for DoE Taguchi Optimization study. Each experimental reading was conducted on X Smart Plus experimental setup under purely rotary and combined reciprocating-rotary motion, at 500 rpm, 600 rpm and 700 rpm and 23°, 33° and 43° root canal curvature angles. Hyplex CM file given maximum fatigue life at 23° root canal curvature angle and 500 rpm speed of rotation. But if file motion is combined rotary-reciprocating, life reduces. The ANNOVA study showed that P-value and significance F are very small, which represented that the regression model is effective.
Interferon-Gamma (IFNg) +874A/T Polymorphism Does Not Significantly Affect the Severity of Periodontitis
Authors: Maulani Chaerita , Auerkari Elza Ibrahim , Masulili Sri Lelyati C. , Kusdhany Lindawati S. , Soeroso Yuniarti , Soedarsono Nurtami
Published: November 2021

Objectives Interferon-gamma (IFNg) is an immune-regulatory cytokine with a role in host responses to periodontitis. Genetic factors have been reported to modify the corresponding protein expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association and role of IFNg polymorphisms, such as IFNg +874 A/T, and the susceptibility to periodontitis.

Materials and Methods A total of 100 unrelated subjects were included in the present study. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was obtained from peripheral blood of 43 patients with mild periodontitis and 57 patients with severe periodontitis. The determined clinical parameters of periodontitis included probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and papilla bleeding index. The oral hygiene indicators were also assessed. The level of IFNg was determined from the gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The IFNg +874 A/T polymorphisms were analyzed from peripheral blood by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using chi-squared testing for categorical data. Independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for numeric data. Kruskal–Wallis testing was used to compare genotypes concerning for IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism. A p-value < 0.05 was assumed for statistical significance.

Results Analysis of the IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism showed no significant differences with the level of IFNg. No significant differences were observed either in IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism between the subjects with mild periodontitis and those with severe periodontitis (p  >  0.05). The subjects with severe periodontitis showed marginally but not significantly higher levels of IFNg compared with subjects with mild periodontitis (p  >  0.05).

Conclusion The polymorphism of IFNg +874 A/T was not associated with the level of IFNg nor with the risk of periodontitis in this study.
Automated, Compact Mixing Device for Gases, Hydrocarbon Fuels Developed
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2021

The apparatus creates a hybrid of two standard mixture preparation techniques to enable high speed, high repetition rate experiments requiring a lot of gas.
Taxonomy of questions in TaiwanSouthern Min
Authors: Hsiao Pei-Yi , Her One-Soon
Published: November 2021

Contra the conventional four-way distinction of syntactically-formed questions in Taiwan Southern Min (TSM): (i) yes-no, (ii) A-not-A, (iii) disjunctive, and (iv) wh-questions (e.g., Lau 2010a), we justify a more revealing dichotomy of confirmation-seeking (CS) polar questions and information-seeking (IS) constituent questions, based on a suite of semantic and syntactic tests proposed in extensive literature for Mandarin and adapted further for TSM, where A-not-A belongs to the disjunctive type, which is in turn a subcategory of IS constituent questions. Controversies over the proper status of some sentence-final question particles and kám questions are also deliberated. Dismissing some alleged polar question particles as polar or A-not-A tags, we recognize nih and honnh as interrogative polar particles. We also show that kám has two underlying forms. One is a portmanteau word of the modal kánn and the negator m̄ and thus forms a whether-or-not disjunctive question (Huang 1988a, 1991). However, when kám is short for kámkong ‘don’t tell me’, similar to the Mandarin nandao, it appears in a polar question.
Gibbsiella quercinecans
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: November 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Gibbsiella quercinecans
Brady et al (Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae). Hosts: oak (
Quercus
spp.) and walnut (
Juglans regia
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Iran) and Europe (Latvia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England, Wales).
Physics competitions in the time of a pandemic: 3D printing as a new approach to the quantitative investigation of Cartesian divers at home
Authors: Bley Jonas , Pietz Antony , Fösel Angela , Schmiedeberg Michael , Heusler Stefan , Pusch Alexander
Published: November 2021

Despite the difficult circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemics, physics students can tackle interesting questions that are part of physics competitions as the German Physicists’ Tournament (GPT) 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemics in 2020, many competitions such as the GPT are held online. Furthermore, the usual options of equipment offered by the supervising university institutions could not be used by the students. The problems of the GPT 2020 therefore had to be chosen in such a way that they could be examined at home using simple means. One of these supposedly simple but profound experiments—the Cartesian diver—is described in this article. The physics of the Cartesian diver has been discussed before Fakhruddin (2003 Phys. Teach.
41 53), Güémez et al (2002 Am. J. Phys.
70 710) and De Luca and Ganci (2011 Phys. Educ.
46 528), as well as various modifications (Ivanov and Nikolov 2019 Phys. Educ.
55 025006). We present a new way of investigating Cartesian divers quantitatively by using 3D printing and common household materials. The paper is addressed to undergraduate students and educators teaching physics at university.
Piezoelectric MEMS—evolution from sensing technology to diversified applications in the 5G/Internet of Things (IoT) era
Authors: Le Xianhao , Shi Qiongfeng , Vachon Philippe , Ng Eldwin J. , Lee Chengkuo
Published: November 2021

The rapid development of the fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) is inseparable from a large number of miniature, low-cost, and low-power sensors and actuators. Piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices, fabricated by micromachining technologies, provide a versatile platform for various high-performance sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, filters and oscillators (main building blocks in radio frequency front-ends for wireless communication). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the working mechanism, structural design, and diversified applications of piezoelectric MEMS devices. Firstly, various piezoelectric MEMS sensors are introduced, including contact and non-contact types, aiming for the applications in physical, chemical and biological sensing. This is followed by a presentation of the advances in piezoelectric MEMS actuators for different application scenarios. Meanwhile, piezoelectric MEMS energy harvesters, with the ability to power other MEMS devices, are orderly enumerated. Furthermore, as a representative of piezoelectric resonators, Lamb wave resonators are exhibited with manifold performance improvements. Finally, the development trends of wearable and implantable piezoelectric MEMS devices are discussed.
How AI application in pharmaceutical industries is beneficial to materials science
Authors: Suzuki Hideo , Kurosawa Shin , Marcella Stephen , Kanba Masaru , Koretaka Yuichi , Tsuji Akio , Okumura Toshiyuki
Published: November 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) will develop further in the area of material technology similar to how it has advanced in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we explain how AI is applied in the pharmaceutical industry and in the materials science. First, we show AI trends in data analysis for different areas of the pharmaceutical industry. Second, we explain how new machine learning (ML) platforms (automated machine learning (AutoML)
3

3

‘Even experts are often left with tedious episodes of trial and error until they identify a good set of choices for a particular dataset. The field of automated machine learning (AutoML) aims to make these decisions in a data-driven, objective, and automated way: the user simply provides data, and the AutoML system automatically determines the approach that performs best for this particular application’ (Olson et al 2016).

) in particular benefit this type of data analysis by describing supervised ML. If the target value is available to define, it is feasible to execute supervised ML to solve the problem. In this case, implementing an AutoML process is a simple solution to look for insights. Third, we provide and discuss an example of a new approach: output from analysis done using unsupervised ML, such as topological data analysis. Finally, we explain that these successful examples of AI applications in the pharmaceutical industry provide a potential roadmap of how they may be applied to the science of materials informatics. Adding new data to current data is almost always required. Achievements are observed in the area of life science because many databases are consolidated into one database. Thus, creating new data with appropriate definitions and expanding the amount of applicable data will help materials informatics evolve into a field with both higher quality and more robust analyses in the future.
Intrinsic color centers in 4H-silicon carbide formed by heavy ion implantation and annealing
Authors: Kobayashi Takuma , Rühl Maximilian , Lehmeyer Johannes , Zimmermann Leonard K S , Krieger Michael , Weber Heiko B
Published: November 2021

We study the generation and transformation of intrinsic luminescent centers in 4H-polytype of silicon carbide via heavy ion implantation and subsequent annealing. Defects induced by the implantation of germanium (Ge) or tin (Sn) have been characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectra recorded at cryogenic temperatures. We find three predominant but as-yet-unidentified PL signatures (labeled as DI1–3) at the wavelength of 1002.8 nm (DI1), 1004.7 nm (DI2), and 1006.1 nm (DI3) after high dose implantation (> 4 × 1013 cm−2) and high temperature annealing (> 1700°C). The fact that the DI lines co-occur and are energetically close together suggest that they originate from the same defect. Regardless of the implanted ion (Ge or Sn), a sharp increase in their PL intensity is observed when the implantation damage becomes high (vacancy concentration > 1022 cm−3), indicating that the lines stem from an intrinsic defect caused by the damage. By tracking the PL signals after stepwise annealing, we examine how the overall intrinsic defects behave in the temperature range of 500 – 1800°C; the silicon vacancies formed by the implantation transform into either divacancies or antisite-vacancy pairs with annealing at about 1000°C. These spectral signatures are strongly reduced at 1200°C where the so-called TS defects are maximized in luminescence. As a final stage, the DI defects, which are most likely formed of antisites and vacancies, emerge at 1700°C. Our results provide a knowledge on how to incorporate and manipulate the intrinsic luminescent centers in SiC with ion implantation and annealing, paving the way for fully integrated quantum technology employing SiC.
Decoding the conductance of disordered nanostructures: a quantum inverse problem
Authors: Mukim S , O’Brien J , Abarashi M , Ferreira M S , Rocha C G
Published: November 2021

Obtaining conductance spectra for a concentration of disordered impurities distributed over a nanoscale device with sensing capabilities is a well-defined problem. However, to do this inversely, i.e., extracting information about the scatters from the conductance spectrum alone, is not an easy task. In the presence of impurities, even advanced techniques of inversion can become particularly challenging. This article extends the applicability of a methodology we proposed capable of extracting composition information about a nanoscale sensing device using the conductance spectrum. The inversion tool decodes the conductance spectrum to yield the concentration and nature of the disorders responsible for conductance fluctuations in the spectra. We present the method for simple one-dimensional systems like an electron gas with randomly distributed delta functions and a linear chain of atoms. We prove the generality and robustness of the method using materials with complex electronic structures like hexagonal boron nitride, graphene nanoribbons, and carbon nanotubes. We also go on to probe distribution of disorders on the sublattice structure of the materials using the proposed inversion tool.
A data-driven approach to approximate the correlation functions in cluster variation method
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Gorrey Rajendra Prasad , Jindal Vikas , Muralidharan Krishna
Published: November 2021

The cluster variation method is one of the thermodynamic models used to calculate phase diagrams considering short range order (SRO). This method predicts the SRO values through internal variables referred to as correlation functions (CFs), accurately up to the cluster chosen in modeling the system. Determination of these CFs at each thermodynamic state of the system requires solving a set of nonlinear equations using numerical methods. In this communication, a neural network model is proposed to predict the values of the CFs. This network is trained for the bcc phase under tetrahedron approximation for both ordering and phase separating systems. The results show that the network can predict the values of the CFs accurately and thereby Helmholtz energy and the phase diagram with significantly less computational burden than that of conventional methods used.
Charge transport spectra in superconductor-InAs/GaSb-superconductor heterostructures
Authors: Sun Kuei , Bao Zhi-qiang , Yu Wenlong , Hawkins Samuel D , Klem John F , Pan Wei , Shi Xiaoyan
Published: November 2021

Charge transport physics in InAs/GaSb bi-layer systems has recently attracted attention for the experimental search for two-dimensional topological superconducting states in solids. Here we report measurement of charge transport spectra of nano devices consisting of an InAs/GaSb quantum well sandwiched by tantalum superconductors. We explore the current-voltage relation as a function of the charge-carrier density in the quantum well controlled by a gate voltage and an external magnetic field. We observe three types of differential resistance peaks, all of which can be effectively tuned by the external magnetic field, and, however, two of which appear at electric currents independent of the gate voltage, indicating a dominant mechanism from the superconductor and the system geometry. By analyzing the spectroscopic features, we find that the three types of peaks identify Andreev reflections, quasi-particle interference, and superconducting transitions in the device, respectively. Our results provide a basis for further exploration of possible topological superconducting state in the InAs/GaSb system.
Genuine nonlinearity and its connection to the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation in phase dynamics
Authors: Ratliff D J
Published: November 2021

The study of hyperbolic waves involves various notions which help characterise how these structures evolve. One important facet is the notion of genuine nonlinearity, namely the ability for shocks and rarefactions to form instead of contact discontinuities. In the context of the Whitham modulation equations, this paper demonstrate that a loss of genuine nonlinearity leads to the appearance of a dispersive set of dynamics in the form of the modified Korteweg de-Vries equation governing the evolution of the waves instead. Its form is universal in the sense that its coefficients can be written entirely using linear properties of the underlying waves such as the conservation laws and linear dispersion relation. This insight is applied to two systems of physical interest, one an optical model and the other a stratified hydrodynamics experiment, to demonstrate how it can be used to provide insight into how waves in these systems evolve when genuine nonlinearity is lost.
DNA damage modeled with Geant4-DNA: effects of plasmid DNA conformation and experimental conditions
Authors: D-Kondo N , Moreno-Barbosa E , Štěphán V , Stefanová K , Perrot Y , Villagrasa C , Incerti S , De Celis Alonso B , Schuemann J , Faddegon B , Ramos-Méndez J
Published: November 2021

The chemical stage of the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code Geant4-DNA was extended for its use in DNA strand break (SB) simulations and compared against published experimental data. Geant4-DNA simulations were performed using pUC19 plasmids (2686 base pairs) in a buffered solution of DMSO irradiated by 60Co or 137Cs γ-rays. A comprehensive evaluation of SSB yields was performed considering DMSO, DNA concentration, dose and plasmid supercoiling. The latter was measured using the super helix density value used in a Brownian dynamics plasmid generation algorithm. The Geant4-DNA implementation of the independent reaction times method (IRT), developed to simulate the reaction kinetics of radiochemical species, allowed to score the fraction of supercoiled, relaxed and linearized plasmid fractions as a function of the absorbed dose. The percentage of the number of SB after •OH + DNA and H• + DNA reactions, referred as SSB efficiency, obtained using MCTS were 13.77% and 0.74% respectively. This is in reasonable agreement with published values of 12% and 0.8%. The SSB yields as a function of DMSO concentration, DNA concentration and super helix density recreated the expected published experimental behaviors within 5%, one standard deviation. The dose response of SSB and DSB yields agreed with published measurements within 5%, one standard deviation. We demonstrated that the developed extension of IRT in Geant4-DNA, facilitated the reproduction of experimental conditions. Furthermore, its calculations were strongly in agreement with experimental data. These two facts will facilitate the use of this extension in future radiobiological applications, aiding the study of DNA damage mechanisms with a high level of detail.
Group-wise context selection network for choroid segmentation in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Shi Fei , Cheng Xuena , Feng Shuanglang , Yang Changqing , Diao Shengyong , Zhu Weifang , Xiang Dehui , Chen Qiuying , Xu Xun , Chen Xinjian , Fan Ying
Published: November 2021

Choroid thickness measured from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images has emerged as a vital metric in the management of retinal diseases such as high myopia. In this paper, we propose a novel group-wise context selection network (referred to as GCS-Net) to segment the choroid of either normal or high myopia eyes. To deal with the diverse choroid thickness and the variable shape of the pathological retina, GCS-Net adopts the group-wise channel dilation (GCD) module and the group-wise spatial dilation module, which can automatically select group-wise multi-scale information under the guidance of channel attention or spatial attention, and enhance the consistency between the receptive field and the target area. Furthermore, a boundary optimization network with a new edge loss is incorporated to improve the resulting choroid boundary by deep supervision. Experimental results evaluated on a dataset composed of 1650 clinically obtained OCT B-scans show that the proposed GCS-Net can achieve a Dice similarity coefficient of 95.97 ± 0.54%, which outperforms some state-of-the-art segmentation networks.
A deep matrix factorization framework for identifying underlying tissue-specific patterns of DCE-MRI: applications for molecular subtype classification in breast cancer
Authors: Fan Ming , Yuan Wei , Liu Weifen , Gao Xin , Xu Maosheng , Wang Shiwei , Li Lihua
Published: November 2021

Objective. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in that different angiogenesis and blood flow characteristics could be present within a tumor. The pixel kinetics of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can assume several distinct signal patterns related to specific tissue characteristics. Identification of the latent, tissue-specific dynamic patterns of intratumor heterogeneity can shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of tumors. Approach. To mine this information, we propose a deep matrix factorization-based dynamic decomposition (DMFDE) model specifically designed according to DCE-MRI characteristics. The time-series imaging data were decomposed into tissue-specific dynamic patterns and their corresponding proportion maps. The image pixel matrix and the reference matrix of population-level kinetics obtained by clustering the dynamic signals were used as the inputs. Two multilayer neural network branches were designed to collaboratively project the input matrix into a latent dynamic pattern and a dynamic proportion matrix, which was justified using simulated data. Clinical implications of DMFDE were assessed by radiomics analysis of proportion maps obtained from the tumor/parenchyma region for classifying the luminal A subtype. Main results. The decomposition performance of DMFDE was evaluated by the root mean square error and was shown to be better than that of the conventional convex analysis of mixtures (CAM) method. The predictive model with K = 3, 4, and 5 dynamic proportion maps generated AUC values of 0.780, 0.786 and 0.790, respectively, in distinguishing between luminal A and nonluminal A tumors, which are better than the CAM method (AUC = 0.726). The combination of statistical features from images with different proportion maps has the highest prediction value (AUC = 0.813), which is significantly higher than that based on CAM. Conclusion. This proposed method identified the latent dynamic patterns associated with different molecular subtypes, and radiomics analysis based on the pixel compositions of the uncovered dynamic patterns was able to determine molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Gapless spin liquid and pair density wave of the Hubbard model on three-leg triangular cylinders
Authors: Peng Cheng , Jiang Yi-Fan , Wang Yao , Jiang Hong-Chen
Published: November 2021

We study the ground state properties of the Hubbard model on three-leg triangular cylinders using large-scale density-matrix renormalization group simulations. At half-filling, we identify an intermediate gapless spin liquid phase, which has one gapless spin mode and algebraic spin–spin correlations but exponential decay scalar chiral–chiral correlations, between a metallic phase at weak coupling and Mott insulating dimer phase at strong interaction. Upon light doping the gapless spin liquid, the system exhibits power-law charge-density-wave (CDW) correlations but short-range single-particle, spin–spin, and chiral–chiral correlations. Similar to CDW correlations, the superconducting correlations also decay in power-law but oscillate in sign as a function of distance, which is consistent with the striped pair-density wave. When further doping the gapless spin liquid phase or doping the dimer order phase, another phase takes over, which has similar CDW correlations but all other correlations decay exponentially.
Thermodynamics of galaxy clusters in modified Newtonian potential
Authors: Khanday Abdul W , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Ganai Prince A
Published: November 2021

We study the thermodynamics of galaxy clusters in a modified Newtonian potential motivated by a general solution to Newton’s ‘sphere-point’ equivalence theorem. We obtain the N particle partition function by evaluating the configurational integral while accounting for the extended nature of galaxies (via the inclusion of the softening parameter ϵ into the potential energy function). This softening parameter takes care of the Galaxy-halos whose effect on structuring the shape of the galactic disc has been found recently. The spatial distribution of the particles (galaxies) is also studied in this framework. A comparison of the new clustering parameter b
+ to the original clustering parameters is presented in order to visualize the effect of the modified gravity. We also discuss the possibility of system symmetry breaking via the behavior of the specific heat as a function of temperature.
A tailored ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial based on graphene
Authors: Li Fen-Ying , Zhang Tao , Chen Quan-Fang , Ye Hai-Ning , Zhang Xin-Lei , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: November 2021

Based on graphene, an ultra-broadband electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window with dynamic tunability is realized in theory. Through altering the Fermi level of graphene that can be regulated by the external voltage, the EIT window and the EIT effect, especially the slow-wave effect, can be easily adjusted. Moreover, the bandwidth of the EIT window can be changed by the incidence angle, achieving the transformation from broadband to narrowband. At the same time, by discussing the polarization state and loss index, the characteristics of polarization insensitivity and low loss are proved. Additionally, the influences of other parameters are discussed, such as the relaxation time of graphene and coupling distance. These unique features enable the designed EIT metamaterial to be masterly applied to optical switches, optical modulators, and slow-light devices.
Calibration-free laser-based spectroscopic study of Sn-based alloys
Authors: Atikukke Sahithya , Marín Roldán Alicia , Dwivedi Vishal , Veis Matej , Veis Pavel
Published: November 2021

The elemental quantification of liquid metal divertor (LMD) surface is important for understanding the material erosion, migration, re-deposition, and fuel retention in Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs). Currently, LMD are attractive candidates for the short- and long-term operation of fusion devices like DEMO. Liquid metals can provide self-cooling, self-replenishing plasma-facing surfaces requiring very little upkeep. In a previous work, we studied Li and LiSn layers deposited on attachment screws in the COMPASS tokamak by means of Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS). Several problems were encountered related to the detection of Sn in LiSn. Thus, in the present work, we are optimizing the experimental conditions for the detection of Sn I-II and Pb I-II in Pb-containing Sn-based alloys, performing the quantification of Pb in traces and in bulk quantities using CF-LIBS approach.
The effect of the thickness on structural, optical limiting, and dielectric properties of hybrid coatings rhodamine B dye films on an epoxy polymeric substrate for display applications
Authors: Jilani W , Bouzidi A , Almahri Albandary , Guermazi H , Yahia I S
Published: November 2021

Various thickness of Rhodamine B (RhB) laser dye was deposited on epoxy polymeric as a new dielectric organic substrate by spin coating method for the first time. This study focused on the newly considered RhB dye on an epoxy substrate for wide-scale applications. The thickness effect on structural, optical, and dielectric properties of the hybrid coating films was performed. The XRD patterns of the films indicated a large hump amorphous design and lack of Bragg peak intensity associated with the RhB laser dye, due to amorphous film concentration. From UV-Visible spectroscopy, the optical absorption edge shifts to the higher wavelengths direction (redshift) with the variation in RhB dye thicknesses. It was found that the energy band gap decreased when the RhB dye film thickness changed. The refractive index is an important parameter influencing the optical component design. Their values vary according to each relationship that extremely useful the films in optical devices. Laser power attenuation sensitivity of pure epoxy polymeric substrate and its coating films shows that under reducing the thicknesses of RhB dye, the laser power intensity effect increases. Several dielectric parameters are extracted from the series and parallel capacitance measurements. The present results offer new material films for luminescent energy solar concentrator applications.
The minimum testable abundance of primordial black holes at future gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: De Luca Valerio , Franciolini Gabriele , Pani Paolo , Riotto Antonio
Published: November 2021

The next generation of gravitational-wave experiments, such as Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer and LISA, will test the primordial black hole scenario. We provide a forecast for the minimum testable value of the abundance of primordial black holes as a function of their masses for both the unclustered and clustered spatial distributions at formation. In particular, we show that these instruments may test abundances, relative to the dark matter, as low as 10-10.
Multivariate statistical monitoring system for microbial population dynamics
Authors: Ishiya Koji , Aburatani Sachiyo
Published: November 2021

Microbiomes in their natural environments vary dynamically with changing environmental conditions. The detection of these dynamic changes in microbial populations is critical for understanding the impact of environmental changes on the microbial community. Here, we propose a novel method to detect time-series changes in the microbiome, based on multivariate statistical process control. By focusing on the interspecies structures, this approach enables the robust detection of time-series changes in a microbiome composed of a large number of microbial species. Applying this approach to empirical human gut microbiome data, we accurately traced time-series changes in microbiota composition induced by a dietary intervention trial. This method was also excellent for tracking the recovery process after the intervention. Our approach can be useful for monitoring dynamic changes in complex microbial communities.
Fiber laser with built-in FBG and LPFG for simultaneous two parameters sensing
Authors: Li Dong-Chang , Liaw Shien-Kuei , Chen Bo-Wei , Lee Hsin-Che , Yu Yi-Lin , Kishikawa Hiroki , Goto Nobuo
Published: November 2021

This work aims to measure the liquid level and temperature at the same time. We propose a fiber laser based on Bragg grating (FBG) and a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) for simultaneously two-parameter sensing. It has one wavelength peak induced by the FBG and one central dip induced by the LPFG. The resulting temperature varies from 25 °C to 50 °C in 7.5 nm wavelength drifts of LPFG with linearity R
2 of 0.9994. The sensitivity of the FBG liquid level sensing will be affected by the temperature change, ranging from—0.12 nm cm−1 at low temperature to—0.004 nm cm−1 at high temperature, and the linearity R
2 is about 0.9967. Thanks to the laser cavity, the proposed fiber laser with an extensive dynamic range could be used for remote monitoring.
High-precision Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing with a multi-focal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array
Authors: Yang Yaling , Zhang Yanli , Zhang Junyong , Li You , Liu Dean
Published: November 2021

A Hartmann wavefront sensor is a type of wavefront detection instrument that has been widely used in various fields. Traditional Hartmann wavefront sensors usually comprise a monofocal refraction lenslet array to segment the wavefront at the entrance pupil. Each wavelet is focused at the focal plane along the projection of the lenslet, forming the foci array. Unlike the multifocal self-interference Taiji-lenslet array, a type of multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array was proposed in this study to improve the measurement accuracy using the weighted centroid location algorithm of these multifocal spots, where the latter is more easily designed than the former. An optical experiment was implemented using the multifocal diffraction Taiji-lenslet array to verify its effectiveness. As a type of diffractive lens, a large-aperture Taiji-lenslet array can be easily fabricated via lithography, which has great potential for application in the measurement of large-scale laser beams and optical elements.