bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arabic Learning with Guided Composition Strategy for 7th Grade Students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Thoriqul Huda Mojowarno Jombang
Authors: Abidin Hasan
Published: February 2025

Learning Arabic in elementary to tertiary educational institutions will equip students with four language skills, namely maharat al-istima’, al-kalam, al-qira’ah, and al-kitabah. Optimal skill acquisition cannot be separated from the appropriate method to be applied, because Arabic functions productively or expressively, namely to make others understand (al-ifham) through oral and written communication. Differences in learning backgrounds make students’ ability to write Arabic not yet well understood. Insya` muwajjah aims to train students’ initial stage abilities in writing Arabic. This study combines qualitative descriptive and eclectic methods. Data were collected through interviews and observations. The discussion of this article focuses on the application of Insya’ muwajjah (guide composition) in 7th Grade Students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Thoriqul Huda Mojowarno Jombang. The results of the study show that the application of guided composition strategies can improve Arabic writing skills.
Clothesline Smart Device Design Based on Iot Device
Authors: Mulawarman Daulay  , Solly Aryza Lubis  , Zuraidah Tharo
Published: February 2025

Drying clothes is a process of daily activities. Drying clothes through the drying process is a traditional method that is still widely used in various regions. However, the process of drying traditional  clothes is often a challenge for people or individuals who have limited space and time, especially if the drying is done at home while at the same time not at home. So it takes innovation of smart clothesline devices based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that can help optimize the drying process of clothes. In designing and manufacturing this automatic clothes drying system uses two sensors, namely water sensors and light sensors. Both of these sensors function as weather detectors. If it rains, the water sensor will respond by sending voltage to the circuit and then moving the servo motor to rotate to the right or left so as to make the clothesline enter a closed room. When the clothesline enters, Arduino will give a command to the GSM module SIM800L to give a notification in the form of an sms that the clothesline has been inserted. Similarly, with the light sensor, when the rain has stopped, the light sensor responds to sunlight so that it makes the servo motor move to remove the clothesline.
El Mandato: Una Discusión desde la Problemática Legal y su Implicación en las Encomendaciones dadas a los Mandatarios
Authors: Aguila Holguín Valeria Cristina , Guamaní Nenger María del Cisne
Published: February 2025

Mandato, regulado por el Código Civil ecuatoriano, en una institución jurídica de gran importancia, que otorga a una persona, conocida como mandante, el derecho a delegar ciertas cuestiones en otra, llamada mandataria. Este acto jurídico se basa en los principios de confianza y buena fe, esenciales para las relaciones humanas y legales armoniosas. Entre las principales características del mandato destacan su bilateralidad, al involucrar derechos y obligaciones recíprocas; su naturaleza consensual, ya que basta el acuerdo de voluntades para su perfeccionamiento; y su carácter generalmente oneroso, aunque también puede ser gratuito si así lo pactan las partes. En este contrato, el tutor actúa diligentemente y no en su propio beneficio y está obligado a considerar lo que quiere el mandante. Un encargado que actúe para su propio interés o con falta de diligencia puede resultar en una compensación de parte del mandatario, o los actos del mandatario se considerarán sin validez en absoluto. En el ámbito empresarial, los mandantes delegan la representación legal o la administración de negocios a otras partes confiables con más experiencia. En el ámbito familiar, se utiliza para administrar bienes o propiedad comunes.  Este artículo examina las obligaciones y prohibiciones inherentes al mandato, destacando la obligación del mandatario de actuar con diligencia y fidelidad, evitando cualquier conflicto de intereses que pueda perjudicar al mandante. También se abordan las prohibiciones que buscan proteger la integridad de la relación, como el impedimento de usar los bienes o información del mandante para fines personales. En cuanto a su terminación, el mandato puede concluir por diversas causas: el cumplimiento del objeto para el cual fue otorgado, la revocación unilateral por parte del mandante, la renuncia del mandatario, la expiración del plazo establecido o la muerte de cualquiera de las partes.
Exploring Technology Advancement of the Emergent Behavior of Automotive Production
Authors: Virgilio L. Perez Jr.
Published: February 2025

Advancement in automotive production is fueled at the international level to address and respond to the global issues of climate change adaptation and mitigation, by which automobiles are one of the significant contributors. The study explored the emergent pattern of the leading countries in terms of production and innovation in automotive technology and how other countries compete and adapt to the developments. The researcher used secondary data to explore the complexity of behavior in the automotive industry in terms of production and their emergent behavior on how they adapt to the new trend and new environment. The study utilized Thamprasert’s dataset on the 2018 Technology Achievement Index and the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufactures’ 2018 production statistics. Findings revealed that the technology achievement index has no significant relation to automotive production. However, it becomes advantageous for the countries to produce high-quality and advanced equipment for commercialization. Henceforth, knowledge countries lead in both technology production and innovation in the automotive sector, which becomes a pattern to adapt by non-knowledge countries. In this manner, the systems created by the knowledge countries will gear toward achieving automotive 4.0.
Preliminary biochemical study on metformin monotherapy response in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ahmad Zalinah , Sukor Surani , Najwa Md Razip Nurliyana , Sarah Yasmine Abang Yusuf Dayang
Published: February 2025

Background and objective: Metformin is widely prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
(T2D). Despite its extensive use, there are reports on patients who do not respond well even with
good clinical compliance. The investigation on metformin monotherapy effectiveness in T2D
patients is translated as responders or non-responders presented through patients biochemical
analyses following a 3-month treatment.
Methods: Sixty-five (65) patients, newly diagnosed with diabetes on metformin monotherapy from
various community clinics in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Malaysia were recruited with
consent for this study. The patients were classified into two groups following 3-month of metformin
monotherapy. Responders were those who showed more than 0.5% HbA1C reduction from baseline
and non-responders were those who did not show more than 0.5% HbA1C reduction from baseline
or were prescribed additional medication within the 3 months medical follow-up. Other
biochemical parameters measured were lipid profile, C-peptide and fasting plasma glucose
(FPG)concentrations.
Results: Twenty-eight (28) of the 65 patients who initially participated in the study had withdrawn.
Of the remaining 37 patients, 27 (18 Malays, three Chinese, and six Indians) were responders while
10 (five Malays, three Chinese, and two Indians) were non-responders. After 3-month of metformin
monotherapy, both responders and non-responders had displayed significantly decreased HbA1c
% (p < 0.05). However, the FPG level was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in responders only.
Conclusions: Despite medication adherence, balanced diet, and regular exercise, patients are unable
to control their fasting blood glucose levels with metformin. Genetic and proteomic studies are
recommended to shed more light on the mechanisms driving metformin responses, thereby was
hoped to explain metformin pharmacotherapy efficacy and efficiency.
Un estudio contemporáneo de la Auditoría en Informática
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Espinosa Barajas Jeny Haideé , Baca Pumarejo José Rafael ,   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Aguirre Ramírez Héctor Gabino ,   Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
Published: February 2025

Estudiar esta disciplina del conocimiento de la auditoría del uso de las TIC, es asimilar e indagar el conocimiento y operación de una práctica esencial que se orienta a la evaluación de la eficacia, la administración y el desempeño de riesgos en los sistemas de la información implementados mediante las TIC- Implica afrontar el reto que representa describir las complejidades de la auditoría en el contexto de las TIC y brindar información valiosa para profesionales, auditores y tomadores de decisiones que buscan navegar con confianza en los cambiantes paisajes digitales.
Sinaloa y la UAS en los tiempos de José Luis Ceceña Cervantes
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ibarra Escobar Guillermo
Published: February 2025

José Luis Ceceña Cervantes fue un economista nacido en Culiacán en 1937 y falleció en la ciudad de México en 1980. Formado académicamente en la UNAM y en universidades europeas, en Holanda y Polonia, trabajó en la Universidad de Sinaloa (que en 1966 sería luego autónoma) de 1961 a 1973 como profesor. Investigador y director de la escuela de Economía. Fue en dos ocasiones candidato a Rector sin lograrlo. De ese periodo de su vida Guillermo Ibarra Escobar ha recuperado la obra que realizó, la cual fincó las bases de una nueva filosofía educativa y misión social crítica de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa que se hace sentir hasta nuestros días, sin que la comunidad universitaria se lo reconozca.
Para llevar a cabo esta recuperación histórica, el autor realiza un triple esfuerzo que concurre en un relato sintético sobre la vida de José Luis, la historia de la UAS y el desarrollo regional de Sinaloa. El autor espera que el contenido del libro arroje nueva luz sobre los problemas contemporáneos de la UAS y le haga justicia al mejor economista que ha tenido en su historia.
The wake of the light in the cinema
Authors:   Jakiunde - Zientzia, Arte eta Letren Akademia, Aguirresarobe Javier
Published: February 2025

‘The filmmaker's journey in the wake of light is a brief chronicle of the journey of the cinematographer on the set of a film. First, we ask ourselves who he is and what his function is, and then we enter into the delicate terrain of his activity, his knowledge and his relations with the group of specialists in filmmaking. The article also reports on the substantial step that has been taken in the industry with the introduction of the digital system over the analogue system and its influence on the mentality and technique to be developed by the cinematographer.
Bernstein-øjeblikket – en kontrafaktisk historie
Authors: Gregersen Frans
Published: February 2025

The paper is a written and revised version of a lecture given on the occasion of my receiving the degree of honorary doctor at Uppsala University. It deals with the history and development of sociolinguistics as a discipline and contrasts the two early paradigms competing for hegemony: The code theory by Basil Bernstein and the variationist linguistics, forged and exemplified by William Labov. The argument is simple: We would have had a different discipline if the Bernstein approach had been more successful. First, the discipline would have been more integrated into sociology and probably less into linguistics. Secondly, some of the pressing concerns as to the role of language in the educational system and the role of language in socialization in general would have been more central to the effort. This raises the question of whether the future of sociolinguistics will become more Bernsteinian.
Ultrasonography in the Rural Suburban Pre-hospital Setting: What training is required for Paramedics to become proficient Ultrasonographers?
Authors: Van Dillen Christine , Fitzpatrick Desmond , Rowe Joel , Zuver Christian , Dicesare Danielle , Wanthal Jessica , Nguyen Linh , Reed Austin , Nadler Brian , Nadler Kourtni
Published: February 2025

Objective

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess ultrasound image-acquisition skills by paramedics in a rural suburban United States ground EMS agency.

Methods

This prospective, pilot study was conducted with Paramedics with at least 1 year of experience as the case group. The Paramedics were trained in emergency ultrasound through a 5-hour didactic teaching course as well as 5 weeks of hands-on training with live human models. First year emergency medicine residents who completed an ultrasound orientation served as the control group. Images were obtained and recorded using Sonosite M-Turbo ultrasound with a phased array P21 transducer on a single adult male. The images were reviewed by a blinded, Ultrasound Fellowship-trained physician who graded the images on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 representing the best quality.

Results

19 residents and 19 paramedics were enrolled. The mean overall image quality obtained by the case group was graded higher (4.06 vs. 2.98, p<0.05). In addition, the case group obtained significantly superior image quality of the subxiphoid (3.95 vs. 2.89, p<0.05), right upper quadrant (4.79 vs. 2.95, p<0.05), left upper quadrant (3.84 vs. 2.58, p<0.05), and suprapubic regions (4.32 vs. 3.05, p<0.05) of the eFAST exam.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that appropriately trained rural suburban paramedics can obtain ultrasound images comparable in quality to those acquired by emergency medicine residents in training. This capability could enhance prehospital patient assessments, enabling better communication with receiving physicians and optimizing resource utilization. Future research should investigate whether prehospital ultrasound images can inform transport and treatment decisions, such as determining whether a patient should be transported to a trauma center or a non-trauma facility, thereby ensuring the most effective use of limited resources.
Does Green Finance Affect Renewable Energy Development: Evidence from BRICS Countries
Authors: Mahfooz Afshan , Qazi Fahim
Published: February 2025

The position of sustainable finance is specified in a conversation of clean energy and energy efficiency; it is tough to estimate its suggestions for the growth of inexhaustible energy. This study inspects the impact of green finance on renewable energy development in BRICS nations. The panel root test, panel cointegration test, and panel Granger causality test were used in this work to test the connection between carbon dioxide, green finance, growth of domestic products, renewable energy growth, and oil price. This study uses the conventional first-generation Pedroni and advanced Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests to check the model variables' cointegration relationship. Using the period 1996–2022, The overall results show the critical role of green finance in driving renewable energy development in BRICS nations. However, the findings also reveal significant challenges and opportunities that require tailored strategies. The study's findings provide compelling evidence of green finance's critical role in advancing renewable energy development in BRICS nations. However, the significant variability in results across countries calls for tailored, region-specific strategies. Consequently, to the best of the authors, this will be the best empirical study to explore the impact of green finance on renewable energy growth in BRICS nations.
A Research Review of Contemporary Effects on the Economy of Saudi Arabia in the light of the Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)
Authors: Khaleeq Ansari Kulsoom , Waqar Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This article examines Saudi Arabia's (KSA) current economic situation and the effects of politics, religion, culture, and agriculture. It also investigates if the nation's commercial practices are consistent with Islamic teachings, including the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) hadiths. The aim of this study is to understand the economic effects and the function of Islamic ideas across a range of industries. Saudi Arabia, a major participant on the world stage, has a robust economy mostly powered by its enormous gas and oil production. Its industries are growing quickly, yet this expansion comes with many difficulties. Economic development, the problems brought on by fast industrialization, and the Islamic viewpoint on domestic trade are all included in this overview. It assesses whether economic activities align with Islamic beliefs and offers insights into the contemporary business world. By examining these elements, the article seeks to provide a thorough understanding of Saudi Arabia's changing economy and the way that business and Islamic values interact in the contemporary world.
Spatial Variations of Public Goods and Inter-District Migration in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Hussain Ahmad , Nawaz Fahim , Ali Aizaz , Alam Muhammad , Akbar Jawad
Published: February 2025

Inter-district migration within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), particularly toward urban centers like Peshawar, has traditionally been explored through social and cultural lenses, with limited attention given to the role of infrastructure disparities. This study addresses the gap in empirical research by examining how district-level public goods distribution influences migration patterns within KP. Based on an empirical analysis of socio-economic factors, this research investigates the extent to which disparities in infrastructure, such as access to education, healthcare, and utilities, drive migration flows. The findings reveal a significant negative relationship between household fuel usage for cooking and migration, suggesting that improved living conditions may reduce the propensity for migration. Conversely, variables such as fuel for lighting, household occupancy, and reasons for migration exhibit varying degrees of influence, highlighting the complexities of migration decisions. While larger households show a slight decrease in migration likelihood due to relocation challenges, stronger migration motivations align with the push-pull theory, albeit marginally. Moreover, several socio-economic variables, including water sources, marital status, employment, and access to sewerage, were found to have no statistically significant effect on migration. These results emphasize the multifaceted nature of migration, where some factors hold more sway over household decisions than others. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, offering guidance on addressing regional development disparities and formulating policies that promote equitable infrastructure development and balanced growth across KP.
Impact of Renewable Energy Transition, Modernization and Regulations on Agricultural and Industrial Productivity: Is South Asia Sacrifice Productivity for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Ghani Nouman , Ullah Khan Assad , Azra  , Wahab Khan Abdul
Published: February 2025

For sustainability, South Asian economies are transitioning to renewable energy (RE) sources and modern technology and applying strict regulations. However, whether they compromise on productivity for environmental sustainability was unclear. To answer this question, this study aimed to empirically analyze the influence of RE transition, modernization, and regulations on the agriculture and industrial productivity of South Asian nations between 2000 and 2023. Before estimating the coefficients of the study, necessary pre-estimation diagnostic tests were performed to check econometric problems in the data. Thus, the study conducted the correlation matrix for multicollinearity, Pesaran cross-sectional dependency(CD) test for CD, Levin-Lin-Chu (LLC), Im-Pesaran-Shin (IPS), Fisher-ADF, and Fisher-PP tests for unit root, and Durbin-Watson test for autocorrelation. The study checked cointegration among variables through the Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests. Based on the results of these pre-estimation tests, the study employed the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) method to estimate the variables’ coefficients. The empirical outcomes revealed that the increase in RE transition and modernization significantly improved agricultural and industrial productivity. While regulations reduce the productivity of both the agricultural and industrial sectors. In the last, the study conducted the Dumitrescue-Hurlin test to check the direction of causality among the variables. The result indicates that agriculture and industrial productivity have a bidirectional causal relation with the RE transition, modernization, and regulations. However, the study finds a unidirectional relation between FDI and industrial productivity. The findings suggest that South Asian economies should invest in and encourage the transition to RE transition and modernization and remove strict regulations from the agriculture and industrial sectors.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan Lidi dengan Memanfaatkan Sumber Daya Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan di Desa Perkebunan Maryke
Authors: Jannatul Ma’wa Manurung  , Afifah Fauziyah Sitanggang
Published: February 2025

This service activity aims to empower the people of Maryke Plantation Village through making stikcs as a home bussiness that utilizes collected palm tree fronds. Situation analysis shows that this village has abundant local resource potential, but it has not been utilized optimally to increase community income. The main problem faced is the lack of optimization in the process of making sticks and the sales location is limited the only one sales location. The methods used include assitance in the production process and assistance in the distribution of products to village suppliers. The results of this activity show an increase in optimizing local resources to increase village residents’ income. The discussion emphasized that empowerment based on local resources can increase the economic independence of the community and improve overall welfare.
Pembinaan Masyarakat Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Rangka Penetapan Hari Jadi Desa Bojong
Authors: Dede Nurul Qomariah  , Imas Masitoh  , Gilang Anjar Prasetya  , Acep Wildan Mubarok  , Pajrin Nurlina  , Alfiyatun Alfiyatun  , Mintarsih Mintarsih
Published: February 2025

The Bojong Village is one of the villages in Parigi Sub-district, Pangandaran Regency, which has a variety of promising local potentials. Currently, Bojong Village is one of the supporters of the natural tourism sector that supports the world of local-based tourism. However, from a socio-cultural point of view, the community in Bojong Village does not know the history of the village's development in the past, making it difficult for the community to determine the village's anniversary. So that social cohesion is minimally built and it is feared that it will trigger division. The service method carried out in this service was carried out through the participatory action research (PAR) method. The results of the service concluded that the determination of the village anniversary was successfully carried out through several stages, namely: cross-history search, symposium, and panel discussion between figures. Therefore, community development based on local wisdom in the context of determining the anniversary of Bojong Village can be said to be successfully carried out. The results of the service led to the establishment of the anniversary of Bojong Village, a memorandum of understanding of the anniversary of Bojong Village signed by the leaders, and a small book of resume of the history of Bojong Village. The implication of this service is the existence of a village regulation related to the determination of the anniversary of Bojong Village.
Editorial
Authors: Comité Editor de la RHEAL
Published: February 2025

Iniciando el segundo año de una nueva época de nuestra publicación, tenemos la enorme satisfacción de presentar el número 3 de la Revista Historia Económica de América Latina. En esta ocasión contamos con dos artículos, una relatoría del VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Historia Económica (CLADHE), la conferencia de apertura del Congreso a cargo del Prof. Luis Bértola y una reseña bibliográfica (...).
Las grandes empresas uruguayas (1959-1988)
Authors: Geymonat Juan
Published: February 2025

El cometido central de este artículo es presentar una base de datos sobre grandes empresas para Uruguay en el período 1959-1988. Se discuten los criterios adoptados para la confección de estos rankings, las fuentes utilizadas y las decisiones metodológicas tomadas. Las bases confeccionadas incluyen información sobre las principales 100 empresas privadas no agropecuarias del país en cuatro puntos de cohorte: 1959, 1968, 1978 y 1988. Se incluye además los nombres de las firmas, sus activos, patrimonios y pasivos en dólares, y el sector de actividad principal.En segundo término, se discuten los resultados obtenidos en estos rankings en relación con el desempeñogeneral de la economía nacional durante el período. Con ello se busca establecer un conjunto de hipótesis que robustecen y validen los datos obtenidos. Los rankings permiten su utilización posterior para trabajos comparados, así como la inclusión de nuevas variables, por lo que su uso está lejos de agotarse en este artículo.
Breath control strategies for English coherent pronunciation based on the biomechanics of respiratory muscles
Authors: Xu Wenna , Luan Tingyu , Zhang Ying , Sun Yu
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to solve the problem of insufficient breath and lack of coordination between breathing and pronunciation in English learners’ coherent pronunciation. By analyzing the biomechanical characteristics of respiratory muscles, scientific breath control strategies are designed to optimize airflow management and improve speech fluency and expression efficiency. English learners of different language levels were recruited and divided into elementary, intermediate and advanced groups. Speech tasks including slow pronunciation, fast pronunciation and long sentence pronunciation were designed. Electromyography was used to record the activity characteristics of respiratory muscles, airflow meter was used to measure airflow output data, and high-sensitivity microphone combined with Praat software was used to extract speech features including speaking rate and pause frequency. This paper studies tasks such as slow pronunciation, fast pronunciation and long sentence pronunciation, clarifies the degree of involvement of key muscles such as the diaphragm, and designs targeted phased breath control strategies, including abdominal breathing training, long sentence reading and coherent reading simulation, and the introduction of speech tasks. The results show that the breath control strategy proposed in this paper significantly improves learners’ speech fluency, syllable and phonetic pronunciation accuracy under all task conditions. At a speaking speed of 180 words/minute, the correct pronunciation rate of phonetic symbols and syllables in this strategy intervention was 80%, and the correct pronunciation rate of syllables was 83%, and the breath maintenance rate and pause frequency were improved. The optimization strategy based on respiratory biomechanics can effectively improve language learners’ breath management ability and coherent pronunciation level, and provide an innovative theoretical basis and practical path for language learning and voice training.
Impacts of Personalized Multimodal Treatment in the Clinical Management of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Case Report
Authors: Pessoa Larissa Mota Barros , Junqueira Lara , De Souza Thaina Candido
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is one of the most common forms of hair loss, characterized by the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles. The condition affects both men and women and has a significant impact on patients' self-esteem and psychological well-being. The treatment of AGA remains challenging, with available therapeutic options that do not always result in satisfactory outcomes.
Methodology: This case study investigated the efficacy of a multimodal treatment for AGA, combining oral therapy, at-home topical care, microinfusion of specific active ingredients, and photobiomodulation. The patient was treated with Actrisave, Saw Palmetto, Trichoxidil, and microinfusion of growth factors such as KGF and copper peptide. The treatment was carried out over a determined period, with clinical and photographic follow-up throughout the sessions.
Results and Conclusion: The patient showed a significant improvement in hair density and scalp coverage. The treatment resulted in an increase in the anagen phase of the hair cycle, a reduction in the telogen phase, and greater formation of hair follicle units. Additionally, no adverse effects were reported, and the patient expressed satisfaction with the results achieved. The combination of oral, topical treatments, and microinfusion of active ingredients, along with photobiomodulation technologies, proved effective in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, promoting hair regeneration and increased hair density. The personalized approach, which considers the specific needs of each patient, was crucial for the success of the treatment. However, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of these treatments on a larger scale and in the long term.
Analysis of Travel Notes of Francesco Balducci Pegolotti
Authors: Mukhametkali Alisher Anuarovich , Teleuova Elmira Teshebaevna
Published: February 2025

The study of medieval trade routes and economic ties between the West and the East is of particular relevance for understanding the formation of the modern global economy and globalization processes. Travel notes of Francesco Balducci Pegolotti, set out in his work "The Practice of Commerce" ("La Pratica della Mercatura"), are a unique and little-studied source of information on trade routes, goods and commercial practices of the 14th century. However, despite the significance of this document, its limited study within Russian historiography justifies selecting it as the research focus. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the main trade routes and economic ties described in Pegolotti's travel notes for understanding international trade and cultural exchange in the 14th century. The leading approach is theoretical analysis using historical-philological, comparative, and geographical methods to reconstruct trade routes and assess their impact on economic and cultural relations between the West and the East. Author's results. The hypothesis about the importance of Pegolotti's work for reconstructing trade routes and the economic structure of the Middle Ages is confirmed. The study reveals that detailed descriptions of trade routes, goods, and measures of weight in his work allow us to understand international trade of that time and reveal the complexity of commercial transactions between different regions. It is substantiated that Pegolotti's travel notes serve as a valuable source for studying the economic, social, and cultural aspects of medieval trade. The practical and theoretical significance of the results lies in filling gaps in the study of medieval trade and opening new perspectives for research that integrates history, economics, linguistics, and cultural studies.
Climate Changes and Societal Stability in Iraq: Proposed Measures
Authors: Hameed Muntasser Majeed , Khalaf Shojaa Mahmoud
Published: February 2025

Iraq is considered one of the countries most susceptible to the negative impacts of climate change. According to international reports, it is classified as among the top five most affected by climate change in the world, leading to economic resource shortages and an increase in water scarcity, which exposes societal stability in Iraq to a threat.  This may result in social disintegration and civil conflicts, so climate changes are considered one of the most dangerous crises affecting societal stability in Iraq during this stage.  In this context, the research attempts to trace the causes of climate change and their effects on societal stability in Iraq and suggest some necessary measures to confront them in the future.  The research sums up the findings of the study, the most important of which is the need to take comprehensive institutional measures to mitigate the harmful effects of environmental degradation, such as the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, and to develop treatments, such as legislating the necessary laws for water management to ward off immediate and future risks resulting from societal stability due to climate impacts in order to maintain a better level of societal stability.
An Eeconomic Analysis Study for the Rehabilitating and Operating of Medical Bottles Factory in Anbar Governorate
Authors: Al Fahdawi Khamees Khalif Mousa , Kadhem Ryadh Jawad , Ali Mahmoud Abdel Mohsen
Published: February 2025

The study aims to measure and analyze the economic and social traces to the idea of rehabilitating and operating the medical bottles factory in Anbar Governorate. From this point, the significance of the study is derived to investigate the socio-economic returns based on the process of   rehabilitating and operating the medical bottles factory in Anbar Governorate. The results show the socio-economic feasibility criteria used: financial profit, return of one dinar, unit costs of production, profit margin, rate of return on invested capital, payback period, break-even point, net present value, internal rate of return, added value, employment rate, the rate of employment, utilization and savings of foreign exchange) positive, encouraging and supportive results for the process of initiating the rehabilitation and operation of the mentioned factory.
EXÉRESE DE SIALOLITO NO DUCTO DA GLÂNDULA SUBMANDIBULAR: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Maria da Silva Garcia Isabela , Eduarda Lima Barbosa Maria , Filié Cantieri Debortoli Daniella , Zacarin Guiati Isabella , Luiz da Silva Fabris André , Cristina Cunha Cervantes Lara
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A sialolitíase é um termo utilizado para descrever uma alteração caracterizada pela
obstrução do ducto das glândulas salivares, causada pela formação de cálculos, ou sialolitos. A etiologia
pode se dar por alguns fatores como idade avançada, uso de medicações que afetem a produção salivar,
não ingerir quantidade suficiente de água e pacientes portadores de doenças hepáticas. O tratamento
varia conforme o tamanho e a localização dos cálculos, podendo incluir desde a eliminação espontânea
e uso de anti-inflamatórios até a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica. Objetivos: O objetivo desse
trabalho é evidenciar o atendimento inicial e tratamento de um paciente com sialolito no ducto da
glândula submandibular, através de um relato de caso, e a relação que essa condição possui com outras
condições sistêmicas pré-existentes. Material e Métodos: Paciente do gênero masculino, 47 anos de
idade, foi encaminhado pelo Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas para clínica da Universidade
Brasil, queixando-se de uma inflamação com aumento de volume na região sublingual há
aproximadamente 10 meses. Durante a anamnese ele relatou ter litíase renal bilateral. Como exame
complementar o paciente contava com radiografia oclusal de mandíbula, onde constatava a presença de
um sialolíto em região sublingual. Correlacionando os exames clínicos e de imagem, o paciente recebeu
como hipótese diagnóstica Sialolitíase em Ducto de Wharton. O tratamento foi realizado através da
excisão cirúrgica em ambiente ambulatorial. O material foi coletado e enviado para a realização na análise
histopatológica. Resultados e Discussão: A etiologia dessa condição não é completamente elucidada,
porém, existe a relação entre alguns eventos ou comorbidades sistêmicas, como a litíase renal. O
tratamento local é importante, porém o acompanhamento sistêmico se faz necessário. Conclusão: A
sialolitíase é uma condição comum, com tratamento bem definido, porém o acompanhamento sistêmico
e a avaliação do paciente como um todo são importantes.
SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE IODO NA GESTAÇÃO E SEU PAPEL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO COGNITIVO DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Martins Santos Kelliane , Moreira Reis Rangel , Alves Carvalho Fernanda , Ferraz Leda
Published: February 2025

Introdução: Durante a gestação, a demanda de iodo aumenta significativamente devido à
necessidade de produção de hormônios tireoidianos, essenciais para o desenvolvimento fetal
adequado, incluindo a migração neuronal e a mielinização no cérebro. A deficiência de iodo durante
a gravidez pode levar a alterações neurológicas, como déficits na função cognitiva. O tubo neural, que
dá origem ao sistema nervoso central, se forma entre a terceira e quartas semanas de gestação.
Portanto, gestantes que mantêm níveis adequados de iodo apresentam um desenvolvimento fetal mais
saudável. Apesar das políticas de suplementação de iodo, como a iodação do sal no Brasil, a
deficiência de iodo ainda é prevalente em certas regiões e entre grupos vulneráveis, incluindo
gestantes. Objetivos: Investigar a importância do iodo no desenvolvimento cognitivo fetal e examinar
as evidências sobre os efeitos da suplementação de iodo durante a gestação. Material e Métodos:
Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados Scielo e PubMed,
focando em publicações dos últimos cinco anos. Os descritores utilizados foram “Iodine and
Pregnancy” e “Iodine and Cognitive Development”. Foram inicialmente identificados 15 artigos, dos
quais três foram selecionados após critérios de inclusão: estudos que abordavam a suplementação de
iodo durante a gestação e seus impactos no desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil. Estudos que
abordavam outras faixas etárias ou analisavam o neurodesenvolvimento de forma abrangente foram
excluídos. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos selecionados indicam que a suplementação com
iodeto de potássio em gestantes está associada a melhores resultados cognitivos em crianças,
conforme demonstrado por pontuações cognitivas superiores nos grupos suplementados em
comparação aos grupos controle. No entanto, um estudo observou que a ingestão frequente de peixe
como o bacalhau, que é uma fonte de iodo, foi associada a uma leve piora cognitiva, sugerindo a
necessidade de mais investigação sobre fontes naturais de iodo versus suplementação direta. A
literatura ainda é limitada e cautelosa, principalmente devido aos riscos associados ao excesso de
iodo, como a tireoidite autoimune. Conclusão: Há evidências de que a suplementação adequada de
iodo durante a gestação pode promover um melhor desenvolvimento cognitivo nas crianças, embora a
pesquisa seja ainda inicial e precise de mais dados para determinar os níveis ótimos de suplementação
e os possíveis riscos associados.
HABILIDADES DE COMUNICAÇÃO EFETIVA COM PACIENTES IDOSOS
Authors: Moreira da Silva Livia , de Lourdes Ballaris Alessandra , Martins Pinto Neto José
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A comunicação efetiva é um dos determinantes da qualidade ofertada e da segurança do
paciente em serviços de saúde, dessa maneira, a equipe multidisciplinar é capaz de gerenciar os seus
papéis e responsabilidades. Desta maneira, a relação médico-paciente tem importante papel na atenção
básica, uma vez que a qualidade da comunicação dentre médicos e profissionais da área da saúde com
pacientes idosos determina sua eficiência na recuperação e da potencialização da saúde dos idosos.
Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência e expor os desafios e as habilidades das equipes multidisciplinares e do
médico na comunicação efetiva com pacientes idosos. Material e Métodos: Neste estudo, adotou-se
uma abordagem metodológica centrada na realização de uma revisão Integrativa da Literatura com
pesquisas no Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science e Scopus. A formulação da pergunta de pesquisa foi
orientada pela estratégia PICO. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados de busca proporcionaram 77%
dos artigos abordando a população idosa e 23% com abordagens sobre estratégias inovadoras em e
adultos e passiveis de aplicação na população idosa, sendo 80% apresentando técnicas de comunicação e
20% com foco mais específico em programas de treinamentos. A análise dos artigos mostra que a
efetividade da comunicação dever ter como base o cuidado centrado no paciente idoso e a melhoria na
interação entre a equipe de saúde, pacientes e famílias, através do desenvolvimento e do uso da
comunicação centrada no paciente, como a escuta focada e a importância de ouvir e tomar decisões em
conjunto com ele, e não por ele. Na visão biopsicossocial, os sistemas de saúde deviam se organizar o
sentido de fornecer serviços multidisciplinares, onde o fortalecimento da relação entre paciente idoso e
profissionais da saúde é um elemento chave na transformação na atenção à saúde pública. Conclusão:
Neste contexto deve-se priorizar qualidade desta relação com foco no indivíduo, autonomia e
protagonismo, buscando a formação de vínculos e a garantia da qualidade do cuidado e da segurança do
usuário. Em síntese, se estaca uma conduta profissional com foco na promoção e na qualidade do
atendimento.
AI-powered solutions assessment in port and maritime sector
Authors:   , Farzadmehr Mehran
Published: February 2025

The digitalization of port and maritime, particularly through the adoption of AI-powered solutions, is a major trend these days. However, this research identifies gaps in the literature, including the lack of a consistent approach to distinguishing AI initiatives and quantifying their costs and benefits. To address these gaps, this PhD thesis employs a mixed-method approach, combining both desk and empirical research. This study develops two assessment models: an AI typology to differentiate AI solutions and a cost-benefit framework to conduct economic analyses of AI solutions. Furthermore, the research identifies a typology of 30 AI initiatives and ranks them based on deployment complexity, considering their application domains. Secondly, three detailed economic analyses are conducted at two implementation levels: micro and macro. The first analysis explores the use of AI to predict truck ETAs for a trucking company. The findings indicate that the truck ETA prediction project offers comparable profitability under two conditions: trucking companies with legacy systems but with potential for revenue growth through AI adoption or trucking companies without the chance for revenue growth but can avoid technical integration costs. However, the project becomes highly cost-effective when revenue increases, and technical integration is not required. The second analysis assesses the benefits of AI-assisted data entry for logistics companies when processing transport orders. The economic analysis reveals that modifying IT system architecture to incorporate AI-assisted data entry is not cost-effective for companies with low transaction volumes. However, horizontal collaboration can reduce organizational integration costs, typically 1% to 7% of total solution implementation costs. The third analysis evaluates an AI-powered solution to optimize the scheduling of tugboats and dock pilots within the lock. It highlights the trade-offs between incorporating fairness in task allocation and achieving cost savings through AI-driven optimization. Including fairness as a goal reduces cost savings, reflecting the social integration costs, which account for 31% and 23% of cost savings for tugboat and pilotage companies, respectively. Additionally, a gain-sharing scenario minimizes benefit losses among port stakeholders, reducing overall losses by 3.5% to promote vertical collaboration. Overall, this dissertation offers valuable insights into AI assessment in the port and maritime sectors, contributing to scholars and industry.
Book Review - Garbocracy: Towards a Great Human Collapse by Sayan Dey
Authors: Sahgal Kanav Narayan
Published: February 2025

At a time when right-wing populism is on the rise in India, when vast swathes of the Indian population experience hazardous air quality, and when dehumanizing and illegal waste-removal practices like manual scavenging continue despite legal prohibitions, this new book justifies big changes. Sayan Dey introduces the concept of "garbocracy" — a system in which the accumulation, disposal, distribution, and regulation of waste become central features of the social, political, and cultural fabric of contemporary India. Dey argues that with the advent of neoliberal policies, waste has become a pervasive material and immaterial presence, with implications that extend far beyond environmental issues.
KONSEP EKONOMI ISLAM MENURUT YUSUF QARDHAWI
Authors: Hakim Syarif Hidayatullah , Satria Muhammad Yusuf , Saputra Rivaldi , Al-Ayubi Solahuddin
Published: February 2025

This study explores the concept of Islamic economics according to the perspective of Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi, which demonstrates that economics serves as a support for faith in the life of a Muslim. Qaradhawi emphasizes the importance of the concept of istikhlaf in wealth, meaning that humans are merely trustees of Allah's wealth in the world and must use it according to His regulations. The concept of Islamic economics refers to the principles of sharia that guide the Muslim community, so every human activity, including economic policy, development, and economic activities of the community, should refer to Islamic law. In Yusuf Qaradhawi's view, Islam offers a middle path between socialist and capitalist economic systems, avoiding the excesses of both systems by emphasising balance and justice. Through a literature review and critical analysis of Yusuf Qaradhawi's works, this study reveals the main principles underlying his thoughts on Islamic economics. Some key concepts highlighted include the prohibition of usury (riba), the importance of zakat, and the role of ethics in trade and business. This study also highlights how Yusuf Qaradhawi's thoughts can be applied in the contemporary economic context to offer more ethical and sustainable solutions. Thus, this research provides deep insights into Yusuf Qaradhawi's contributions to the development of Islamic economics and its relevance to current global economic challenges.
The SWOT analysis of the prospect of prescriptive authority for nurses in Macau
Authors: Xu Jiaxi , Mao Aimei
Published: February 2025

Gaining prescriptive authority can enhance the status of specialist nurses in the clinical decision-making processes, and increase their sense of professional identity, and thus improve the quality of healthcare offered by the specialist nurses. The issue of granting prescriptive authority to specialist nurses is attracting increasing discussions worldwide. This article is to explore the feasibility of granting prescriptive authority to specialist nurses in Macau by using SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). The analysis can reveal the internal and external environmental factors affecting the prescriptive authority to be granted to specialist nurses in Macau. The matrix analysis inherent in the SWOT provides directions for future actions. The SWOT analysis reveals that the strengths in granting the prescription right of specialist nurses include the foundations in the existing administrative management structure, specialized nursing practices, and the systematic nursing training programs; the weaknesses include the increased workload of nursing practitioners and lack of sufficient training programs for advanced practice nurses; the opportunities come from the increasing cooperation opportunities for advanced clinical nurses and advanced nursing programs in the Greater Bay Area; threats come from non-nursing health professionals who may question the legitimacy of nurses' prescribing rights. The SWOT matrix confirms the possibility and reasonability that the nurses in Macau can be authorized with the prescriptive power. However, prescriptive authority for nurses can only become practical when the barriers within the healthcare systems and the restrictions of insufficient external policy support are addressed successfully.