bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing for the future: the impact of climate change on the civil engineering profession
Authors: Younger Scott , Parry David , Meigh David
Published: January 2022

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change uses an average global temperature in its analysis of a warming Earth – yet in reality the world has many widely different regional environments. This paper proposes that the Köppen–Geiger regional zoning system would be a practical basis for civil engineers to progress towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions. The effect of climate change on the profession is discussed along with reducing the emissions of construction materials, such as by using more wood and other organic materials. The impact on civil engineering design is considered with reference to water resources projects, plus how this needs to be included in teaching.
Nanocomposite (S3Sb2) x (S2Ge)100−x chalcogenide glasses: structural and physical properties
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi Dilip Kumar , Mahmoud Mohamed H , Akhtar M S
Published: January 2022

The current paper shows the different effects of the incorporation of sulfur (S)–antimony (Sb) on both the structural and physical properties of nanocomposite (S3Sb2) x (S2Ge)100−x chalcogenide glass for x = 15, 30, 45 and 60. Different physical parameters such as lone-pair electrons, average coordination number, interatomic spacing and field of strength increase with the addition of antimony–sulfur, while other parameters such as heat of atomization and polaron radius show the reverse behavior. The stoichiometry (R > 1) shows that the studied compounds are rich in chalcogen atoms, and an increase in lone-pair electrons indicates the good glass-forming ability of the studied compound.
Érettségiző orvos- és gyógyszerész-jelölt lányok iskolai eredményei. Az Egri Angolkisasszonyok Leánygimnáziumának pályaválasztói (1930-1940)
Authors: Papp Barbara
Published: January 2022

Higher education for women did not enjoy societal support in the Horthy era. There was great resistance, especially towards the women’s medical and pharmaceutical training. The aim of the present study is to analyse the high school educational performance of girls determined for careers in medicine and pharmacy. Did social pressure instigate these young people to work harder for better outcomes? The present data sampling concerned the students’ end-of-year grades in the 8th year and the graduation grades of the English Ladies' High School for Girls in Eger/Hungary between 1930 and 1940. Our results did not prove that those opting for health care careers performed significantly better than their fellow students opting for other careers. Future medical doctors and pharmacists were not the best high school graduates and they were definitely not motivated to achieve excellent results always and in all subjects.
Ferdinand Tönnies és a korai társadalomtudományok III.
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: January 2022

The theory of society-community stands in the centre of the „social” life. It however also stands in the centre of Tönnies’s positive work itself. This potentiation gives this theory a vitality that is looking for its equivalent and to which little is changed if its presence is not perceived accordingly in every corresponding context. Tönnies is one of the first most important social scientists, who was primarily concerned with being able to investigate society with a strictly scientific character. So he was already therefore much more interested in the optimal way of knowledge than in the diverse concrete results or even in the theoretical possibility of generalization of these results. The society-community theory is an epochal achievement, its result is one of the bases of social existence. It is certainly there, that the rare „open relationship structure” of both these categories is playing. The first social scientists were in multiple paradoxical situations. The first paradox consisted of the fact, that had a very clear idea of a „science” of the society. Because however, such a „science” did not yet exist, they were constrained to make „philosophically” the first steps, but of course not how the „right” philosophers would have done them. The other paradox and eternally opened question are why the „society” as the object remained temporally so much behind the „nature” as an object.
History of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from the perspective of leading research theories
Authors: Bata Zsófia , Horváth Andras Attila
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of cognitive deterioration. Alois Alzheimer described it for the first time in 1907. In the last five decades, there were emerging numerous hypotheses about the pathomechanism of this condition. The first one, the cholinergic hypothesis resulted in important antidementia medications. Amyloid cascade theory set the direction for many years in Alzheimer research. Currently, it also contributed to the licencing of a novel pharmaceutical Aducanumab. Additionally, the latest hypotheses shed light on the new aspects of the pathology of dementia. This study emphasizes the historical landmarks of Alzheimer’s research and reveals their interactions as well.
A demencia története az ókortól napjainkig
Authors: Gedeonné Dallos Rita
Published: January 2022

The history of dementia is probably as old as humanity itself. Considering demographic trends, shifting age ranges within older age groups, and increasing average life expectancy at birth the number of dementia patients will skyrocket as predicted already in our days. This study reviews the early key players in the field, attitudes towards dementia, and the evolution of its concept from antiquity to the work of Alois Alzheimer, who laid the foundation of modern dementia research.
Evolution of radiographic imaging in periodontal diagnostics – A narrative review
Authors: Palkovics Daniel , Windisch Peter
Published: January 2022

Utilizing radiographic imaging in healthcare, allows clinicians to view parts of the human body in ways that were impossible with the naked eye. From the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen to the latest digital radiographic imaging, this narrative review provides a brief overview of radiographic methods used in periodontal diagnostics. After a review of relevant literature, the advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed. Based on literature data and clinical experience, this study aims to provide guidelines to select the proper diagnostic procedure for specific clinical cases.
A négy alapelem a képzőművészetben
Authors: Nagy Katalin
Published: January 2022

The four basic elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air. Ancient classical element theories. Ancient elements in prehistoric cultures, mythologies, Egypt, and Greek vase painting. Ideas of philosophers and artists.
A járás elemzésének történelme - ókortól a modern korig
Authors: Kiss-Bálványossy Eszter
Published: January 2022

Our current knowledge of walking experienced a long way and development. The very first records about gaiter go back to Aristotle, but the major breakthrough succeeded in the 19th century, although only in theoretical analysis of locomotion. The turning point of gait analysis set the automated measurements in the 20th century, followed by using computers and more and more advanced techniques.
A segédeszköz használat a két-lábon járás ára? A botok, mankók és az osteoarthritis története a kezdetektől napjainkig
Authors: Seregély Beáta
Published: January 2022

The cane as the men’s support has been since ever a part of our evolutionary history of bipedal locomotion as presented on primitive pictures and in written documents. It was attributed to many functions and properties over the past millennia. Accordingly, we have developed different forms of canes, which have come and gone, but the most important use of their function was supporting our locomotion. Nowadays, realizing the word "cane", people are concerned with almost without exception a common assistive device of walking primarily in cases of chronic pain and mobility limitations. At this point, the story of cane joins that of osteoarthritis in our ageing societies, which presents the most frequent cause behind the impairment in the elderly. However, the cane was permanently used in men’s history according to the anthropological research and analysis of written documents respectively.
Markhot Ferenc helye a respublica litteraria medica világában
Authors: Krász Lilla
Published: January 2022

Focused on five points of view (gaining medical knowledge, career building, enhancing, spreading and sharing knowledge, building scientific infrastructure and taking part in public activities) this study presents physicians providing services in the Hungarian Kingdom of the 18th century. These physicians, among them Ferenc Markhot (1708-1792), coming from a noble family of Nyitra County, Northeastern Hungary (now in Slovakia) belonged to the active membership of the European network named as Respublica Litteraria Medica. While using their knowledge gained in foreign academic centres they became significant members, measured also by European standards, of disseminating knowledge in Hungary. Various stages of Markhot’s life show a typical pattern that fits to describe similar profiles and career paths of physicians in this era.
The Appraisal Right in terms of Section 164 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008: An Overview
Authors: Phakeng Madimetja A L
Published: January 2022

The appraisal right in terms of section 164 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 has been applicable to fundamental transactions undertaken by companies for a number of years. The first two aims of this article are first to provide an overview of the appraisal right, and second to revisit certain concerns that were raised about the determination of fair value by the courts where a shareholder makes an application to court for a determination of fair value. It is suggested that this should not present a major problem in practice, considering that existing practice in takeover laws requires the valuation of shares by an independent expert when a company undertakes an affected transaction. In the main, the requirements for fundamental transactions overlap with those for affected transactions. The requirements for affected transactions adequately deal with the determination of fair value. The third aim is to provide an overview of how companies attempt to limit the effect of the appraisal right on fundamental transactions using various terms and conditions precedents, and the fourth is to discuss developments in case law on the appraisal right remedy. It is concluded that the decisions of the courts on its application will assist companies in structuring fundamental transactions and shareholders in exercising the appraisal right. Finally, the article suggests reasons for including certain subsections in the appraisal right remedy, for instance, the power of the courts to award costs in certain respects and a requirement that extends the time periods within which a shareholder may make a demand where the company fails to comply with specific requirements. It is suggested that this enhances the ability of shareholders to exercise the appraisal right. The article also provides concluding remarks advising companies and shareholders. In the case of companies, it concludes, for instance, that due diligence in identifying the risk that certain shareholders may raise appraisal rights is required before initiating a transaction that may be subject to appraisal rights. Failure to do so may be costly to the company. And, in the case of shareholders, failure to adhere to the required procedures may result in loss of their appraisal right remedy, or loss of the right to approach the courts for an appropriate relief under the appraisal right remedy.
Hungarians in the Anglo-Boer War
Authors: Szabó-Zsoldos Gábor
Published: January 2022

The Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), also known as the South African War, had many Hungarian connections in the areas of economy, politics, and culture. Great Britain and the Boer Republics attempted to purchase agricultural products (especially horses and flour) in Hungary, to be used during the war. Hungarian journals and newspapers published a large number of articles and other features on the war, and outstanding Hungarian poets and novelists, as well as politicians and other public figures reflected on the conflict and expressed their pro-Boer, pro-British, or neutral opinions. Hungarians who served in the Boer commandos or who fought under the Union Jack in South Africa constitute the closest connection between the Carpathian Basin and the Anglo-Boer War. Seventeen Hungarians have been identified who took an active part in the war, the majority of them (twelve people), on the Boer side, while only five supported the British war effort. This article focuses on three of the Hungarian participants: Tibor Péchy, Albert Wass, and Albert Theophilus Duka. While Péchy and Wass were pro-Boer volunteers, Duka served in the British Army. After describing their South African activities, a comparison is made of the motivation for their participation in the Anglo-Boer War.
Landscape habitat occupancy and distribution of the Wild Ground Pangolin (Smutsia temminckii) in Zimbabwe’s Protected Areas (PAs)
Authors: Innocent Mahakata , Prudence Gonhi , Spencer Matindike , Yvonne Masumba , Christopher Hungwe
Published: January 2022

The Smutsia temminckii is the only species of pangolin known to exist in Zimbabwe and is considered vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Distribution of wild S. temminckii in protected areas (PAs) and associated environmental variables are not well defined in Zimbabwe. The study sort to relate key environmental variables (Altitude, rainfall, temperature and vegetation type) to habitat occupancy and distribution of S. temminckii. Data was collected from forty-eight stations based on S.temminckii sightings historical records spanning ten years (2011-2021) done by field rangers, tourists and scientific services research personnel. A review of available literature was done from online sources and station records. A distribution map based on S. temminckii sightings across various PAs in Zimbabwe was developed for this study. Results of this study reveal that S. temminckii occupy PAs in South East low-veld areas, Northwestern Zimbabwe, Mid Zambezi Valley and Nyanga NP. No historical data on S. temminckii sighting in central PAs located in ecological regions IIa, IIb and III of Zimbabwe. Climatic conditions associated with S. temminckii distribution, except for Nyanga NP, are average temperatures above 220C and rainfall between 400mm to 900mm per annum. Landscapes ideal for S. temminckii habitat occupancy have an altitude between 262m-2000m above sea level. Associated vegetation types for habitat occupancy of S. temminckii are the Zambezian and mopane woodlands as well as montane forest grasslands mosaic of Nyanga NP. Future studies should focus on establishing distribution of S. temminckii outside PA, population status and density to inform conservation of this rare and unique species around Zimbabwe.
Effects of some management factors (Housing condition and watering regimen) on blood parameters of desert goats
Authors: Mohammed Alhadi Ebahiem , Intisar Alnour Ismail , Salah Abulgabar Salah Bukhari , Suleiman Eshag Abdalla Mohamed , Salah Basar Hammad Dahia , Adam Jumaa Hamid Hamdoun , Jumaa Barram Jadalla
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to assess the effects of housing condition and watering regimen on some blood parameters during the period May 2018- February 2019. Desert goat Package Cell Volume% (PCV %) were highest during January, February and lowest during May, and August. Goats had the highest (P<0.001) blood Hemoglobin (Hb%) during May and July with very slight fluctuations throughout the seven months of the experimental period. Goats under shade had comparatively higher PCV% and slightly lower Hb% in comparison with those under direct sunlight. Plasma Calcium was low during February and January and rose during December with higher levels during May, June and July. Goat plasma phosphorus concentrations followed an opposite picture being highest (P<0.01) during October, December, and February and lowest (P<0.01) during other months. Plasma Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) concentrations were slightly (P>0.05) higher for goats under shade compared with those under direct sunlight. The main effects of months on blood metabolites were highly significant (P<0.01). The highest goat blood protein was during, June-July and lowest (P<0.01) during other months. Goat blood albumen levels were highest (P<0.001) for August- September- October and lowest for January- February whereas blood glucose levels were highest (P<0.01) during January- February and with very slight fluctuations throughout the seven months of the experimental period. Blood protein, blood albumin and blood glucose levels were relatively higher (P>0.05) for goats under shade compared with those under direct sunlight. Goats watered everyday had slightly lower blood protein and albumin and slightly higher blood glucose in comparison with goats watered every other day.
Effects of Alysacrpus Monilifer fodder intake on feed consumption and performance of desert goats
Authors: Mohammed Alhadi Ebahiem , Mubaak Abdalla Ajabeldoor Izarig , Salah Abulgabar Salah Bukhari , Suleiman Eshag Abdalla Mohamed , Salah Basar Hammad Dahia , Adam Jumaa Hamid Hamdoun , Jumaa Barram Jadalla
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to study the effects of the intake of the Alysacrpus Monilifera on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and performance of Desert bucks. Twelve Desert goats bucks 4-5 years old with an average weight of 11 + 0.250 kg, were divided into three equal groups. The first group was fed A. Monilifera fodder, while the second group consumed the natural pasture free of A. Monilifera while the third group consumed the groundnut haulms. After observing the cases of deadly diarrhea in the first group, the feeding pattern was modified with 50% natural pasture and 50% A. Monilifer fodder. The fodder was analyzed as well as conducting in vitro digestibility. The experimental design was randomized and the data were analyzed using the analysis of variance and the detection of differences among means using least significant difference test. The results showed that feeding A. Monilifer alone resulted in fatal diarrhea in bucks without affecting appetite, and the dry matter digestibility and organic matter in vitro digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in A. Monilifer than compared to the groundnut haulms or the natural grazing. The weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the group on groundnut haulms and the natural grazing than those on A. Monilifer alone but when 50% of the plant biomass was replaced by the natural grazing the gain was significantly higher. The study concluded that the intake of A. Monilifer at the growth stage was good quality roughage when fed as part of the diet.
Biomass production and nutritive value of Sida alba leaves fed to desert sheep
Authors: Mohammed Alhadi Ebahiem , Hajir Hamed , Salah Abulgabar Salah Bukhari , Suleiman Eshag Abdalla Mohamed , Salah Basar Hammad Dahia , Jumaa Barram Jadalla
Published: January 2022

The study was established to study the effects of supplementation with Sida alba leaves on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, live body weight changes of Sudanese Desert lambs. Fifteen Lambs of 4-6 months old and weighing 18±500 kg were divided into three similar groups each with five animals. Seven days were allowed for adaptation. The lambs were weighed weekly for 8 weeks. Daily feed intake was obtained by subtracting the remained amounts from quantities offered the day before. Feces were collected at the last ten days for determination of nutrients digestibility coefficients via total feces collection method. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Differences among means were detected using least significant difference test. The results indicated that group II that was on natural grazing supplemented with Sida alba leaves consumed significantly (p<0.01) greater amount of feed compared to group I that was on the natural grazing only and group III supplemented with a concentrate ration feed intake was 1316,730, 1381,500 and 1207.650 g for group I, II and III, respectively. No significant differences (P≥0.05) in digestibility coefficients of all nutrients between group II and III but group I had lowers coefficients than II and III. Total and daily body weight was higher in group II and III when compared with group I. The biomass production was estimated to be 84.910 g/shrub or 1.697 per hectare based on a square meter space for a plant. It was concluded Sida alba leaves could support lambs on low quality grazing.
[RETRACTED] Elite Power CBD Gummies Reviews: Shocking Points! v1
Authors: Power CBD Gummies Elite
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://dailyiowan.com/2021/12/16/power-cbd-gummies-reviews-uk-canada-usa-shocking-price-of-elite-power-cbd-gummy-bears-2022/
[RETRACTED] Eagle Hemp CBD Gummies – (Shocking) Side Effects and Reviews! v1
Authors: Hemp CBD Gummies Eagle
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://dailyiowan.com/2022/01/07/eagle-hemp-cbd-gummies-reviews-2022-cost-39-99-shark-tank-complaint/
[RETRACTED] Dtrim Advanced Support [Is LEGIT 2022] Benefits, Price, Reviews? v1
Authors: Advanced Support Dtrim
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.ottawalife.com/article/dtrim-advanced-support-canada-reviews-2022-free-trial-warning-updated-price-4-99-today
Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity of The Aqueous Extract From Arum Dioscoridis in Acetic Acid Induced Colitis in Rats
Authors: AĞAOĞLU Ahmet Burak , GİŞİ Kadir , İSPİROĞLU Murat , BAHAR Abdulkadir Yasir , İNANÇ TOLUN Fatma , KANTARÇEKEN Bülent
Published: January 2022

Objective
Arum dioscoridis is a plant that has been shown to regulate biological activity on oxidation, immune system and inflammation grown in our country. We aimed to investigate the effects of arum dioscoridis in experimental colitis related to acetic acid in rats.
Material and Methods
In this study 56 Wistar Albino female rats, 6 weeks old, weighing 180- 210 g, were seperated into 7 equal groups with 8 animals in each group. Group 1 is the control one without any administration. An experimental colitis has been created on Group 2. Group 3 is treated with prophylactic oral arum dioscoridis before creating experimental colitis. The rats belongs to Group 4 has been received oral arum dioscoridis treatment with ethanolic solvent after creating experimental colitis. Group 5 was given oral treatment with solvent with DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) after experimental colitis was created. Group 6 rectal treatment with solvent with DMSO after experimental colitis has been created. Group 7 was given a 2-fold oral treatment after experimental colitis. In tissue samples taken from mice, the effects of arum dioscoridis were evaluated macroscopically, histopathologically and biochemically.
Results
In the colitis group, significant weight loss occurred compared to the treatment groups. Statistically significant improvement was found in macroscopic and microscopic analysis with arum dioscoridis treatment and prophylaxis. In the colitis model which is created with acetic acid, total oxidant status, thiol / disulfide, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase levels increased and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity was detected.
Conclusion
This study showed that arum dioscoridis has positive effects on the colitis model created in rats, and it significantly improves intestinal inflammation especially in groups given by dissolving with ethanol and used for prophylaxis purposes
Geometric approach to machine exploitation efficiency : modelling and assessment
Authors: Loska Andrzej , Paszkowski Waldemar
Published: January 2022

This article presents a new approach to the exploitation assessment of machines and devices. A key aspect of this approach is the construction of the assessment model based on the geometric representation of measures associated with each other, which covers the full specifics of the exploitation process. This approach is successfully implemented by the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) model, which is fully susceptible to the geometric modelling process due to the three-way system of assessed exploitation aspects. The result of this approach is the vectored OEE model and its interpretation in terms of time series of changes in values of components. Methods of determining vector calculus measures were developed, including the second-order tensor and gradient. This is the subject of the variability of the reliability conditions of machines or production processes. It allows for the realisation of an exploitation assessment based on dynamic changes in the values of their components in the time domain. This is a significant difference to the classical static approach to such an assessment. The developed new geometric OEE model was confirmed by verification tests using the LabView software, based on two parallel data sets obtained with analytical and simulation methods using the FlexSim software.
An Expert-Heuristic Method for Evaluating Interfaces. Formation of a Group of Experts and Calculation of their Weight Coefficients
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R. E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Khaleeva U. I.
Published: January 2022

The research is aimed at forming a new method for evaluating interfaces, which ensures its multi-criteria nature and eliminates the shortcomings of previous methods. A combination of expert and heuristic approaches is proposed to detect a wide range of UI/UX problems, ensure the competence of the assessment and reduce the level of distrust in the expert. The paper describes the principle of determining the expert's weight coefficient and its practical application.
Context-Dependent Annotation Method in Emergency Monitoring Information Systems
Authors:   FSBEI HE Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, 662972, Krasnoyarsk region, Russian Federation, Pozharkova I. N.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the method of context-dependent annotations used in solving problems of emergency monitoring on the basis of information systems. The method is based on a spectral language model that allows solving various information search problems taking into account the specific features of the applied area. The functional model of emergency monitoring task in IDEF0 notation is presented. The task of context-dependent annotating operational summaries as a basis for generating preliminary reports is formulated. The main problems that arise in solving this problem on a large volume of initial data and can be critical in conditions of fast-developing emergencies are identified. The problem of context-dependent annotations in the conditions of existing restrictions was set, the main language units used in solving it are described. A flowchart of solving the problem of context-dependent annotating taking into account the specifics of the subject area is presented, and the implementation of each stage of this algorithm is described in detail. Described is a method of determining relevance of a text fragment to a target query based on a spectral language model. Basic assessments of annotation quality are described. A comparative analysis of the quality and speed of constructing annotations manually and on the basis of the presented method using assessory estimates was carried out. The effectiveness of the context-dependent annotation method in processing a large number of documents in conditions of fast-developing emergency situations requiring emergency decision-making is shown.
Influence of Corona on IT Specialist's Jobs
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Avdoshin S. M. , Pesotskaya E. Y. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Kuruppuge D. M. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The field of Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a rapidly developing and expanding arena. With the expansion of it, the need for specialists, skilled in ICT, is in high demand. The recent outbreak of Covid-19 virus has reshaped the current labor market for people with IT skills. People with tech skills in place need to evolve under new circumstances as the business where they work faces huge changes influenced by remote work. In this study, we set out to investigate what challenges may rise in IT-students skill sets and competences after the Covid-19 pandemic due to remote work, lack of formal and informal face-to-face communication and other factors. Further the paper analyzes how the IT specialists feel in a changing environment, and recommends how businesses and people need to change themselves to adapt to the Covid-19 effects based on the analysis and how to grow in their future skills.
Algorithms for Direct and Inverse Parametric Fast Fourier Transform
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation, Ponomareva O. V. , Ponomarev A. V. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation, Smirnova N. V. ,   Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

Русский Main page New issue Archive of articles Editorial board For the authors Publishing house ABSTRACTS OF ARTICLES OF THE JOURNAL "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES". No. 1. Vol. 28. 2022 DOI: 10.17587/it.28.9-19 O. V. Ponomareva, Dr. Sc., Tech., Professor, A. V. Ponomarev, PhD, Econ., Associate Professor, Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation, N. V. Smirnova, PhD, Tech., Associate Professor, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053, Russian Federation Algorithms for Direct and Inverse Parametric Fast Fourier Transform Classical Fourier processing of finite information discrete signals (FID signals) is the most important method of digital analysis, modeling, optimization, improvement of control and decision making. The theoretical basis of classical Fourier processing of FID signals is the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The practical basis of classical Fourier processing of FID signals is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The practice of using classical Fourier processing of FID signals, having confirmed its effectiveness, revealed a number of negative effects inherent in this type of digital signal processing (DSP). The aliasing effect, scalloping effect, picket fence effect, significantly affect the effectiveness of analysis, modeling, optimization, improvement of management and decision making. To increase the efficiency of Fourier processing of FID signals, the authors of the paper have developed a generalization of DFT in the form of a parametric DFT (DFT-P). Since the direct application of parametric Fourier processing of FID signals (as well as the use of classical Fourier processing of FID signals) requires complex multiplications, fast procedures are required for the practical implementation of this type of FID signals. Purpose of the research is to develop algorithms for the fast parametric discrete Fourier transform (FFT-P). The work developed fast procedures for the implementation of DFT-P by time decimation. Parametric FFT-P with substitution (in place) and without substitution (no place) are proposed. The estimation of the efficiency of the FFT-P algorithms is given. The practical significance of the work is in the fact that developing algorithms for the parametric fast Fourier transform can reduce the computational costs of performing parametric discrete transformations by three or more orders of magnitude.
Welfare Paradoxes and Interpersonal Pacts: Transnational Social Protection of Latin American Migrants in Spain
Authors: Oso Laura , Martínez‐Buján Raquel
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the relationship between migration, care work, and welfare provision, highlighting the role of Latin American migrants in Spain as providers of formal and informal social protection on a transnational scale. It contributes to the debate on transnational social protection and transnational social inequalities from the perspective of welfare paradoxes and interpersonal pacts. Migrant women in Spain have become a resource for the provision of formal social protection through their employment as domestic care workers. Nevertheless, given that access to social rights in Spain depends on job stability and residency status, they have difficulties in accessing formal social protection themselves. This process constitutes a “welfare paradox,” based on the commodification and exclusion paradoxes, explained by structural factors such as the characteristics of the welfare regime (familiaristic model, with a tendency to hire domestic workers as caregivers into households), the migration regime (feminised and with a clear leaning towards Latin American women), and the economic landscape resulting from two systemic crises: the great recession of 2008 and the Covid‐19 pandemic. Interpersonal pacts, rooted in marriage/couple and intergenerational agreements, and their infringements, are analysed to explain the transnational and informal social protection strategies in the context of the “exclusion paradox” and the breach of the “welfare pact.” Our research draws on the exploitation of secondary data and multi‐sited, longitudinal fieldwork based on biographical interviews conducted with various members of transnational families in Spain and Ecuador (41 interviews).
History of controlled trials in medicine: real priorities are little-known. Report 3. Quasi-randomized and randomized trials in humans and animals
Authors: Koterov A. N. , Tikhonova O. A. , Ushenkova L. N. , Biryukov A. P.
Published: January 2022

The three-report review is aimed to describe the historical development of clinical trials, controlled trials (CT) and randomized controlled trials (RCT), and the inclusion of these approaches in health-related disciplines (Medicine and Epidemiology). Report 3 summarizes historical milestones (ideas and studies) for quasi-randomized CT (‘alternate allocation’; 88 milestones) and RCT (37 milestones). It was found that although the ideas of both designs are a thing of the past (from A. Lesassier Hamilton (1816) and J.B. Van Helmont (1648), respectively), the bulk of the tests were carried out in the 20thcentury, when both designs existed in parallel. Overall, the alternate allocation was used nearly three times longer than randomization.Analysis of the sources showed that the first RCT in medicine was the work of D. Colebrook, 1925 (Great Britain), and the first close to the modern RCT, including randomization according to the table of random numbers, was J.A. Bell, 1941 (USA). Often referred to as the ‘new era in CT’ and ‘the origine of RCT’, a study of the effects of streptomycin on tuberculosis in 1946–1948, which was also designed by A.B. Hill is only 13thknown RCT, only 9thRCT in medicine and only the 2ndwith modern randomization. Other facts of insufficient reflection of the priorities and real history of CT/RCT in West and Russian publications were found, including dozens of Western textbooks on epidemiology and evidence-based medicine of recent decades. True priorities are often omitted, and the most frequent references to the history of CT (progressively) are the experience of the prophet Daniel, the experience of the surgeon J. Lind, and the study on the effect of streptomycin on tuberculosis in 1946–1948.Based on a PubMed/MEDLINE search, a summary of alternate allocation CT, and RCT for the period 1960–1990 to 2020 is provided. In the first case, single publications were found, but the fact that design with alternation survives to this day is important. For RCT, since 1990s, an increase in the number of papers (up to tens of thousands per year) has been revealed. The data are given for the total number of RCTs performed by countries, continents and parts of the world for 2020. According to the calculated index of the ratio of the number of RCTs to the specific number of doctors (per 100,000 population) among 45 countries of Eurasia (from France to Tajikistan), Russia ranks 12th.A three-report review based on the originals of nearly all publications from the late 19thcentury and including the necessary references and citations can serve as a reference guide to the historical development of CT and related topics.
Status of Women Entrepreneurship: Motivational and Challenging Factors in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Dr. Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2022

The main objective of this paper is to explore the motivational and constraining factors that effects the women entrepreneurial growth in Nepal. The result of the clearly depicts that political instability and weak implementation of law and order in Nepal has been a major stumbling blocks for women entrepreneurial growth besides giving greater attention to the creation of conducive culture for women empowerment. Thus, the study draw conclusion that there is still a substantial room for women entrepreneurial growth in Nepal because their current role in business is far from satisfactory.
Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Dr. Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2022

This study is intended to detect CSR domains practiced by Nepalese business and trying to discover the whether CSR is mandatory issue in Nepal or not. So, to test the CSR practice, the data have been collected from structured questionnaire for descriptive analysis. Besides this, expert’s opinion is also observed to diagnose CSR mandatory issue in a real Nepalese perspective. Therefore, the result of the study appears that government role has not been effective to maintain its policy on CSR. So that, legal and ethical domains of CSR are found to be poor in practice of Nepalese business society. Furthermore, diverse views of experts found on CSR mandatory issues in Nepal. Hence, it can be conclude that, it is not enough to just a making CSR policy mandatory. However, along with policy, CSR has to be accountable and transparent which shows their fund allocation and observed sectors.
Artificial Neural Network Models for Material Classification by Photon Scattering Analysis
Authors: Jain Dr. Naveen
Published: January 2022

This article explains the risk factors involved in a business. In each type of business, there are certain risk factors for the implementation of anything in the business. The type of risks involved can depend upon many factors. It also depends on the type of business an organisation is doing. But it is very important that the risk analyst does all the analysis of the risks that might arise in future and must take necessary actions in order to avoid those risks. The risk analyst can also try to reduce the impact of the risks on the business. Therefore, it is very important that the risk analyst should have the knowledge of how to analyse risk and then can act upon them.
Scale Space Based Object-Oriented Shadow Detection and Removal from Urban High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Kothawade Prof. Sagar
Published: January 2022

This task mostly center to get the high resolution color remote sensing image, and furthermore attempted to eliminate the concealed district in the both metropolitan and country region. A portion of the current activities are included to recognize the concealed district and afterward dispense with that area, yet it has a few disadvantages. The discovery of the edges will be influenced generally by the utilization of the outside boundaries. The edge location cycle can be more useful in the recognition of the articles with the goal that the items can be utilized for additional handling. In this cycle we have execute the Scale Space algorithm is utilized to identify the shadow area and concentrate the component from the shadow district. Scale Space is least complex in area base image segmentation strategies. The idea of Scale Space algorithm is check the neighboring pixels of the underlying seed focuses. At that point decide if those neighboring pixels are added to the seed focuses or not. In the Scale Space limit algorithm Pixels are set in the area dependent on their properties or the properties of the close by pixel esteems. At that point the pixel containing the comparable properties is gathered and afterward the enormous quantities of pixels are circulated all through the image.
Pathophysiological aspects of oxygen, hypoxia and free radical oxidation in critical conditions
Authors: Orlov Yurii P. , Sviridov Sergey V. , Kakulya Evgeny N.
Published: January 2022

Oxygen is the main regulator of metabolic processes in the body not only in the context of normal physiology, but also in the development of various critical conditions.
In recent years, the problem of pathogenesis of a number organs' and systems' diseases has been enriched by knowledge of the mechanism of damage to cellular structures. Oxygen turned out to be the main factor of damage the very oxygen, due to the lack of which cell death occurs. It turned out that the so-called reactive oxygen species having an unpaired electron have a biological effect, which, depending on the concentration, can be regulatory or, conversely, toxic. Accordingly, interest has also been aroused in compounds that normally prevent the toxic effect of reactive oxygen species antioxidants. Today it is generally recognized that oxidative stress plays an important and possibly a key role in the pathogenesis of critical conditions. Thus, on the one side, excessive production of free radicals is considered as one of the manifestations of the body's protective reaction to the effects of various environmental factors and living conditions (infections, injuries, toxins, ionizing radiation, physical stress, hypothermia, hypoxia, various types of stress), on the other ― increased production of free radicals quickly leads to irreversible damage: destruction of the erythrocytes' membranes with subsequent hemolysis, transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, DNA damage, desensitization of plasma membrane receptors, inactivation of various hormones and enzymes, including antiradical and antiperoxide protection enzymes.
The problem of using oxygen in critical conditions is currently widely discussed in the periodical literature with an emphasis on the oxygen concentrations used in patients, both in operating rooms and in intensive care units. Oxygen used in the intensive care of acute respiratory failure and hypoxia should have a certain concentration range. The toxic effects of oxygen can occur with its prolonged use in high concentrations, which causes not only its direct toxic effect on the lungs, but also in the potentiation of the activation of free radical oxidation and excessive production of reactive oxygen species.
The review presents current data on the physiological role of oxygen, its participation in metabolic processes against the background of inflammation, hypoxia and under conditions of activation of free radical oxidation processes. The recent approach to oxygen therapy and the research data presented in the review urge to relate to oxygen as a drug in order to avoid manifestations of its toxic effects.
Three cases of tetanus
Authors: Pervushin V. P.
Published: January 2022

In view of the relative rarity of tetanus in our area, I find it possible to share with my comrades information about 3 cases of tetanus observed by me in Kazan during the period from 1896 to 1907.
Dr. Schima from Japan. On the issue of changes in the central nervous system under the influence of adrenaline. Neurologisches Centralblatt. 1908. No. 4
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

Impressed by the discovery of Erb Jr., the author undertook systematic studies in rabbits to study the changes in the central nervous system under the influence of injections of adrenaline (Takamine). The experiments were carried out on young animals. From 0.1 to 0.5 adrenaline was injected, and the animals either died or were killed.
Dr. Otto Schutz. Anatomical and pathological changes in the spinal cord of one morphine addict (From the Institute of Pathology and Hygiene in Chemnitz). Neurologisches Centralblatt. 1908.4
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

At the Chemnitz Pathological Institute, usually in all cases of chronic arthritis, the spinal cord is examined at autopsy, and quite unexpected findings have been obtained more than once. This was also the case during the autopsy of a 23-year-old girl who had three symptoms of arthritis deformans.
Pletnev and Citron. Serodiagnosis of syphilis. (Medical Review No. 2. 1908)
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The essence of the method with which the authors worked is the phenomenon of complement fixation, in other terminology, complement deviation.

At the beginning of the work, we find general considerations from the field of the doctrine of immunity. As we know, a living organism is capable of reacting to substances of cellular origin (antigens) entering it from the outside by producing known principlesantibodies.
Kurt Mendel. To the casuistry of the sacral form of multiple sclerosis. Neurologisches Centralblatt—1908—No. 3
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

The author enriches the casuistic material of this recently advanced form of Sclerosis disseminata with two cases observed in women.
Prof. W. Stoltzner. Spasmophilia and the metabolism of calcium-containing substances, (from the University Polyclinic for Children's Diseases in Halle). Neurologisches Centralblatt No. 2-1908
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

Based on clinical and experimental observations of spasmophilia in children, in which sometimes feeding with cow's milk and the administration of calcium supplements significantly increases the galvanic excitability of peripheral nerves, the author proposed his own hypothesis of the nature of spasmophilia, which consists in the assumption of abnormal stagnation of calcium compounds in tissue fluids.
Dr. Schroder. To the casuistry of cerebellar hemorrhages. Neurologisches Centralblatt. 1908 No. 4
Authors: Veselitsky I. A.
Published: January 2022

Without a doubt, the most favored site of apoplexy is in the region of the arteriae fassae Sylvii. The branches of this particular artery are most often torn, especially those extending at a right angle from the arteria cerebri media and going through the lenticular body, the internal capsule to the nucleus caudatus and thalamus opticus.
Privatdocent Klimov. A case of multiple sclerosis in childhood. Doctor. Newspaper. No. 6. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

The case described by the author is all the more important because the question of the possibility of sets. sclerosis in childhood cannot be considered definitively clarified. Under the supervision of the author was an 8-year-old patient with symptoms typical of this disease: for example, it was possible to state intentional trembling, spastic-atactic gait, chanted speech and nystagmus, in addition, there was a weakening of mental abilities and an increase in tendon reflexes.
Prof. Eulenburg. Basedow'a disease from a modern theoretical and practical point of view. Modern Clinic and Therapy. No. I. 1908
Authors: Zhilin Ivan N.
Published: January 2022

On the theoretical side, the author gives a detailed critical review of the views that interpret the essence of Graves' disease. So, he considers and consistently rejects, in view of significant shortcomings, theories; hematogenous, assuming the essence of suffering in "abnormal mixing of blood by analogy with chloranemic mixing" - neurogenic, sympathetic and bulbar, as leading to obvious contradictions or not giving undoubted results - and the theory of neuroses, as "not containing the whole truth" and leaving unknown pathogenic agent that acted on the nervous system in this direction.