bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. I Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran Di Ruang Dolok Sanggul II: Studi Kasus
Authors: Sinaga Wina
Published: March 2023

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disturbances of thought, perceptual language and sensations including psychotic experiences that affect the function of individual areas. Clients with schizophrenia have one of the main symptoms, namely the problem of hallucinations. Hallucinations are states in which a person experiences a change in the pattern and amount of stimulation initiated internally or externally by the absorption, exaggeration, distortion, or abnormal response to each stimulus. The purpose of this writing is to provide mental assistance to Mr.I at PROF. Dr. M. ILDREM. The writing method is descriptive, namely a case study by carrying out nursing care to patients with hallucination problems with a treatment implementation strategy (SP) carried out for 6 days on Mr. I. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation, and physical examination techniques. Agreement problems found in Mr. I is Hallucination. With management for 6 days, Mr. I am able to control the hallucinations that I experience by scolding, taking medication regularly, conversing with others and carrying out scheduled activities. Suggestions in managing patients are expected that with this medical staff assessment they can build a relationship of mutual trust with clients so that they can communicate well and clients can express problems so that the development process is achieved, the role of the family is to visit clients and provide sufficient support and attention to speed up the client's healing process.
SK Rektor No. 1134 Tahun 2014
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Heat Transfer Rate and Borehole Heat Exchanger Depth: A Numerical Study Utilizing a CFD 3D Simulation
Authors: Kamran Danial
Published: March 2023

Excess solar thermal energy is available, while in winter, when thermal energy is needed for heating systems, its quantityis usually not sufficient. There are different options to cope with the seasonal offset of thermal energy supply and demand. One of theseoptions is borehole thermal energy storages (BTES). Borehole thermal energy storages coupled with ground source heat pumps havebeen widely developed and researched. The major disadvantage of (BTES) is the initial capital cost required to drill the boreholes.Geothermal energy piles were developed to help offset the high initial cost of these systems. This study investigates thermal performanceof vertical ground heat exchangers with constant inlet water temperatures and deferent borehole depths. The performances of threemodels of U-tube with depth of 100m, 60m, and 30m are evaluated by numerical method using a CFD 3D simulation. The simulationresults show that heat transfer rates decrease in the heating mode for 100m depth, and show that the best borehole depth regarding toheat transfer rate efficiency is 60m depth borehole.
SK Dekan No. 37a Tahun 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Dekan No. 31 Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 1242 Tahun 2017
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 835 Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
An in-depth analysis of data mining and machine learning methods for heart disease prediction
Authors: Kamran Danial
Published: March 2023

Heart disease is one of the major causes of life complicacies and subsequently leading to death. The heart disease diagnosisand treatment are very complex, especially in the developing countries, due to the rare availability of efficient diagnostic tools andshortage of medical professionals and other resources which affect proper prediction and treatment of patients. Inadequate preventivemeasures, lack of experienced or unskilled medical professionals in the field are the leading contributing factors. Although, largeproportion of heart diseases is preventable but they continue to rise mainly because preventive measures are inadequate. In today’sdigital world, several clinical decision support systems on heart disease prediction have been developed by different scholars to simplifyand ensure efficient diagnosis. This paper investigates the state of the art of various clinical decision support systems for heart diseaseprediction, proposed by various researchers using data mining and machine learning techniques. Classification algorithms such as theNaïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) have been widely employed to predict heart diseases,where various accuracies were obtained. Hence, only a marginal success is achieved in the creation of such predictive models for heartdisease patients therefore, there is need for more complex model
The Digital Banking and Fintech Sandbox - Nepal
Authors: Tan Albert
Published: March 2023

Over the past few years, the concept of a Digital Banking and Fintech Sandbox has emerged as a powerful force for driving innovation and fostering financial inclusion, especially in emerging economies that grapple with various challenges in providing access to essential financial services. A regulatory sandbox serves as a structured, secure, and controlled environment that enables startups, financial institutions, and other relevant stakeholders to experiment with and test innovative financial products and services while enjoying temporary relief from specific regulations. This forward-thinking, progressive initiative strives to promote collaboration, deepen regulatory comprehension, and accelerate the adoption of innovative technologies, all the while maintaining a strong commitment to consumer protection and financial stability.Nepal, a nation characterized by a sizable unbanked population, is well-positioned to reap substantial benefits by embracing this innovative concept. According to the World Bank's Global Findex Database, a mere 45% of Nepalese adults held an account at a financial institution in 2017. This statistic reveals a concerning reality: a significant segment of the population remains without access to essential financial services such as savings accounts, credit, and insurance. By implementing a Digital Banking and Fintech Sandbox, Nepal has the opportunity to leverage state-of-the-art technological advancements and inventive business models to bridge this financial inclusion gap and ultimately elevate the economic prospects of its citizens.The legal community in particular occupies a critical position in advancing the Digital Banking and Fintech Sandbox in Nepal, as they boast the requisite expertise and authority to shape the regulatory landscape that will govern the sandbox. Legal professionals, including lawyers, judges, and policymakers, must collaborate to develop a tailored regulatory framework for the sandbox that strikes a delicate balance between fostering innovation and safeguarding consumer protection, data privacy, and cybersecurity. By facilitating constructive dialogue among stakeholders and fostering a spirit of cooperation, the legal fraternity can help cultivate an enabling environment for the growth and adoption of digital banking and fintech solutions that cater to the needs of the unbanked population.
International Webinar on COVID 19
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Seminar Nasional Kesehatan Masyarakat Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 1089 Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Elevated rates of systemic inflammation among adolescents pervade geography and time: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global mean C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Osman Bridie , Teesson Maree , Marx Wolfgang , Thornton Louise , Jacka Felice , Hunter Emily , Visontay Rachel , Sunderland Matthew
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSystemic chronic inflammation (SCI) is implicated in the aetiology of life-limiting diseases in later life, such as cancer, T2 diabetes and mental health disorders. However, global estimates of adolescent inflammation, indexed by biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are unknown. We conducted the first study to establish the overall level of CRP in the general population of adolescents worldwide, determine trends in average CRP from 2011 to 2021 and identify subgroups with heightened levels of inflammation.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Library (Wiley), and PsychINFO (EBS-COhost) databases. We included observational studies published between 2011-2021 with CRP data from adolescents in the general population. CRP concentrations were assessed by a random effects meta-analysis of log-transformed mean CRP levels. PROSPERO:CRD42021276398.ResultsNinety-one studies (N=37,347) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean CRP was 1.69mg/L (95%CI 1.43;1.98), with an I2 of 99.8% between studies, indicating globally elevated levels of inflammation (≥1mg/L CRP) among adolescents. Importantly, we found consistently elevated inflammation among adolescents over the past 10 years. There was a significant mean difference (P<.001) between overweight/obese (2.63mg/L, 95%CI 1.42-1.98) and healthy-weight adolescents (0.79mg/L, 95%CI 0.47-1.32) and between predominantly-male studies (2.59mg/L, 95%CI 2.03-3.29) and predominantly-female studies (1.49mg/L, 95%CI 2.03-3.29, P=.002). Nearly all studies had low-moderate risk of bias.ConclusionRates of inflammation are raised among adolescents, these heightened rates of SCI have existed for a least a decade, rendering this a major public health issue. We identify sub-groups with a heightened risk of raised inflammatory biomarkers, such as those who are overweight. Our findings highlight the need for tailored prevention programs and enhanced monitoring among adolescents at higher risk. By providing the first global reference level of mean CRP for adolescents our findings significantly advance our understanding of adolescent biological health, providing the impetus for future research.
SK Dekan No. 97 Tahun 2018
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
A Comprehensive Study of Autonomous Systems and Reliability
Authors: Kamran Danial
Published: March 2023

The advancement of technology has heralded novel computing devices and gadgets like self-driving cars, IoT devices,and autonomous systems. These advancements required high computational demand in achieving its goals. In matching the highcomputational demand of these new technologies, machine learning, parallelism, multicore processing and scaling are some of theapproaches and techniques put in place. However, there is a pressure on the architectural development of recent computing devices asthe traditional transistors seem to be fast outgrown. This article examines the reliability of autonomous systems using the PRISMAapproach. Autonomous systems are systems that can fully operate and perform operations (computational or otherwise) with minimalhuman intervention. They are also capable of evaluating their performance. Thus, there is a need for a high degree of reliability.Several existing autonomous systems were reviewed and reliability issues of these systems were discussed. It was discovered that thereliability of a complex system is dependent on the reliability of underlying individual components and compromise of any of theunderlying components of the autonomous system can affect the overall reliability of the entire system. The effort to enhance thereliability of these components will, in turn, improve the reliability of the entire system.
SK Senat FST 2020
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 904 Tahun 2017
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
SK Rektor No. 1652 Tahun 2015
Authors: Marni
Published: March 2023

Dalam rangka meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dosen khususnya Tridarma perguruan tinggi diperlukan pengakuan kinerja sehingga dosen yang bersangkutan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya.
Mental health intervention protocol for university students through support groups to promote adaptation to university life
Authors: Angarita Mariana , Carvajal Mariana , Celis Deisy , Corpus Valentina , León Diana Carolina Rubio , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Difficulties in adapting to university life are of vital importance at the individual level due to its influence on mental health and because university life can be seen as part of the development of the life cycle, but also at the public health level due to to its high prevalence and its possibility of impacting dropout rates through the development of a positive mental health intervention (. There is evidence that social support groups administered during the first weeks of university life function as buffers from stressful experiences, allow students to establish new social ties with peers who face the same adaptive difficulty, the same increase in academic demand and the same process of separation and independence from parents, therefore the objective of our study is to build a protocol that proposes a pilot on the intervention with support groups in students with difficulties in adapting to university life.Methods: A search of the literature was carried out in databases, snowball reviews and gray literature, obtaining articles that were used as a reference for the creation of the protocol. The participants are first-semester students from different faculties of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, not transferred, in whom the aim is to evaluate the adaptation to university life through the questionnaire of academic experiences (QVA-r) proposed to be applied as a pre-intervention and the presence of stress. academic through the SISCO questionnaire. Students who agree to participate will begin a series of interventions divided into modules and sessions that make up the protocol.
Proximity to Rewards Modulates Parameters of Effortful Control Exertion
Authors: Devine Sean , Roy Mathieu , Beierholm Ulrik , Otto A. Ross
Published: March 2023

The now-classic goal gradient hypothesis posits that organisms increase effort expenditure as a function of their proximity to a goal. Despite nearly a century having passed since its original formulation, goal gradient-like behaviour in human cognitive performance remains poorly understood: are we more willing to engage in costly cognitive processing when we are near, versus far from a goal state? Moreover, the computational mechanisms underpinning these potential goal gradient effects—for example, whether goal proximity affects fidelity of stimulus encoding, response caution, or other identifiable mechanisms governing speed and accuracy—are unclear. Here, in two experiments, we examine the effect of goal proximity, operationalized as progress towards completion of a rewarded task block, upon task performance in an attentionally demanding oddball task. Supporting the goal gradient hypothesis, we found that participants responded more quickly, but not less accurately, when rewards were proximal than when they were distal. Critically, this effect was only observed when participants were given information about goal proximity. Using hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modeling, we found that these apparent goal gradient performance effects were best explained by a collapsing bound model, in which proximity to a goal reduced response caution and increased information processing. Taken together, these results suggest that goal gradients could help explain the oft-observed fluctuations in engagement of cognitively effortful processing, extending the scope of the goal-gradient hypothesis to the domain of cognitive tasks.
Understated gender disparities due to outcome-dependent selection: Comment on Mackelprang et al. (2022)
Authors: Loh Wen Wei , Ren Dongning
Published: March 2023

What is the gender gap in invited publications in high-impact psychology journals? To answer this critical question, Mackelprang et al. (2022) examined invited publications in five high-impact psychology journals. They first calculated the share of women among authors of the invited publications (35.6%), then compared it with a “base rate” (42.3%; the share of women among associate and full psychology professors at R1 institutions). This comparison was presented as empirical evidence of women being underrepresented in the authorship of publications in these high-impact journals. In this commentary, we show that comparing these two descriptives – either using a difference or a ratio – provides little insight into the actual gender disparity of interest. A fundamental shortcoming of such a comparison is due to outcome-dependent selection. We explain what outcome-dependent selection is and why it is inappropriate. Crucially, we explain why, following such outcome-dependent selection, comparing the share of women in the selected sample with a “base rate” rules out drawing valid inferences about the actual gender gap. We urge researchers to recognize the perils of, and thus avoid, outcome-dependent selection. Finally, we suggest an alternative approach that permits a more accurate understanding of gender disparities in academia.
The Animal Agriculture Industry’s Perspective On Advocates & Cage-Free Reforms
Authors: Stennett Jack , Chung Jah Ying , Faunalytics
Published: March 2023

This Faunalytics report reviews a small sample of animal agriculture trade publications to examine how the industry responds and reacts against advocacy tactics.
Comparing the Clinical Efficacy of Topical Application of Virgin Coconut Oil and 1% Clotrimazole Cream as an Adjuvant to Systemic Antifungal in Chronic Dermatophytoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chawla Aakriti , Rastogi Madhur Kant , Gahalaut Pratik , Dubey Varsha , Mahajan Vasvi , Deshmukh Rahul
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Dermatophyte infections have become a common entity with a prevalence ranging from 36.6-78.4%. Majority of the patients are from low socioeconomic background who favour topical treatment. High treatment costs of antifungal medication and consequent poor compliance have given rise to the need of an effective and economical topical preparation.
 
Objectives: To compare efficacy of topical 1% clotrimazole versus virgin coconut oil application as an adjuvant to systemic antifungals in dermatophytosis.
 
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients presenting to the dermatology outpatient department and diagnosed with tinea infection clinically and by potassium hydroxide mount were taken up for the study. The patients were randomized into two groups with 50 patients in each group. One group received virgin coconut oil while the other group received 1% clotrimazole cream twice daily application as the topical preparation. Mycological cure was assessed by potassium hydroxide mount and clinical improvement was assessed objectively by severity score for itch, changes in clinical signs and symptoms and subjectively by Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. Statistical analysis was analyzed using SPSS software version 17.
 
Results: Virgin coconut oil and 1% Clotrimazole had equivocal response after 12 weeks of treatment with respect to potassium hydroxide mount positivity, itch severity, clinical improvement and changes in Dermatology Life Quality Index scores when used along with systemic antifungal.
 
Conclusion: Virgin coconut oil can be easily used as a topical emollient and antifungal preparation along with systemic antifungals in the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Clinicoepidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Pradhan Sushmita , Shrestha Shristee , Khadka Damber , Parajuli Niraj , Baral Suwash , Tsuruta Daisuke
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical disease transmitted by the bite of an intracellular parasite infected sandfly. Visceral leishmaniasis is common in Nepal. However, cutaneous leishmaniasis remains rare with only limited number of cases documented in Nepal.
Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Karnali province of Nepal.
Materials and Methods: All cases clinically diagnosed from direct microscopic Giemsa-stain smears, histopathology or fine needle aspiration cytology as cutaneous leishmaniasis were enrolled in the study for one year. Demographic data and clinical details were recorded on a printed proforma. Statistical analysis was done using STATA/SE version 15.0 for MacBook.
Results: Only 46 cases with age ranging from 2 to 75 years were included in the study. Mean age was 23±2.45 years. Majority of cases below 20 years (47.83%) were infected. Male to female ratio was 0.70:1. Mean duration of the disease was 4.96±0.47 months. Single lesions (73.91%) were mostly present. Single lesions were particularly presented on the face (73.53%). Cutaneous leishmaniasis (95.65%) outnumbered mucocutaneous one on lips (4.35%). Ulcerative-papulonodular type lesions (58.70%) were mostly presented in the cases. Kalikot district (56.52%) had the majority of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Karnali province. Majority of the cases presented during the months of February, March, April, August, November, and December (65.22%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis is alarming in the Kalikot district of Karnali province in Nepal. The result of this study would continue contributing to the existing data in the literature and encourage early diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Dermatological Diseases in a Chepang Community
Authors: Parajuli Niraj , Paudel Sushil
Published: March 2023

Chepang is an indigenous group residing mostly in the hilly region of central Nepal. They are still considered as most marginalized and socio-economically deprived group in the country. There are just a handful of studies on the health status of this community but none of these studies were dedicated on the dermatological issues. A two-day dermatological outreach camp dedicated for Chepang community was conducted at Makawanpur district of central Nepal. Dermatophyte infections and scabies were the most common dermatological problems noted. The poor socio-economic status, poor hygiene combined with illiteracy was the major factor contributing to these conditions and their overall health.
Aesthetic Dermatology, The Rising Trend
Authors: Keyal Uma , Thapa Deeptara Pathak
Published: March 2023

Aesthetic Dermatology, also known as cosmetic dermatology provides treatment for skin, hair or body that emphasizes on improving an individual’s appearance. It is widely conducted to treat conditions such as moles, wrinkles, scars, excess fat, skin discoloration, skin laxity, and cellulite. Benefits such as minimally invasive or non-invasive and relatively less time-consumption with better outcomes has foster the patients to seek these treatments. With soaring demand for these treatments, numerous myths and misconceptions regarding the field of aesthetic dermatology have arisen which need to addressed. Also, this constantly evolving field with new devices and tools requires extra vigilance, continue medical education and a governing body to have check upon negligent professional activity, if occurs any
Monkeypox - A Review
Authors: Hussain Ijaz , Shaukat Shehla , Butt Ghazala
Published: March 2023

The recent past emergence of pandemics has made the world prepare for all the worst-case scenarios. First COVID-19 pandemic caught us unaware, and since then, diseases like Dengue and Monkeypox are making us take steps to avert the casualties caused by these infections. Monkeypox is a viral disease caused by orthopoxvirus. It spreads from close personal contact with the patient. The disease is severe among children, pregnant, and immunosuppressed patients. Recent outbreak among MSM group has added it to be amongst sexually transmitted infections. It is usually self-limiting, but severe disease-causing deaths have been reported by infection, particularly with central African types. Prevention is possible by vaccination with smallpox vaccines. Treatment is still evolving, with new drugs like Tecoviramet showing promising results.

Key words: Monkeypox; Orthopoxvirus; Sexually transmitted infection; Tecoviramet
A Neglected Swollen Limb: Resurgence or Common Tropical Disease?
Authors: Ray Sumit , Pathak Thapa Deeptara
Published: March 2023

Mycetoma is uncommon, chronic granulomatous infection caused either by fungi or by aerobic filamentous actinomycetes which is characterized by a triad of painless subcutaneous mass, multiple sinuses and discharge containing grains. We report a case of 40 years old male, farmer who presented with multiple painless swollen lesions over right foot for 8 years. Swelling had gradually increased in size over a few years followed by multiple episodes of discharge. It had not restricted his daily activities. On examination, there were multiple nodules and sinuses discharging serous fluid from the right foot. Gram staining showed gram positive filamentous rods and KOH was negative. Histopathology showed multiple granulomas. Patient was treated for 5 cycles using modified Welsh regimen with Amikacin 750mg intravenously once a day, oral Cotrimoxazole 960mg twice daily and oral Rifampicin 600mg once daily along with oral iron and folic acid supplementation continuously for 21days which constituted 1 cycle with an interval of 15 days between each cycle. Patient was assessed by measuring girth of foot and number of lesions in each visit and showed significant improvement at the end of fifth cycle. Patient was followed for 1 year after treatment without any recurrence.
Human Capital Flight: The Cause of Underdevelopment
Authors: Wagle Achyut
Published: March 2023

Since the beginning of development discourse based on dualism of development versus underdevelopment, particularly since the end of World War II, a large number of explanations and theorized school of thoughts have come to fore. Despite so many theories and models about development in place, so much technological and scientific advancement mainly in communication and transportation, the extent of underdevelopment is more rampant than ever before. The income of the richest 1 percent (50 million) is the same as the income of the poorest 60 percent (2.7 billion people) of the world. More than half of world population survives by less than US$ 2 a day. Apparently, these development theories have practically failed to address the problem of underdevelopment of the world. This reality--both in development discourse and development practice—make it imperative to rethink, mainly to specifically point out the causes of seemingly inescapable trap of poverty and underdevelopment. The recognition of the human capital flight as the most crucial cause of underdevelopment provides new basis for development discourse. On the contrary, Nepal has remained as one of the highly underdeveloped countries, the reason of which could be attributed to human capital flight.
Unanticipated Political Events and Stock Returns: An Event Study
Authors: Dangol Jeetendra
Published: March 2023

The study focuses on market reaction to announcements of new unanticipated political events using the event analysis methodology. The findings of the study provide a consistent conclusion regarding the existence of information content hypothesis in the Nepalese stock market. The study reveals that good-news (badnews) political announcements generate positive (negative) abnormal returns in the post-event period. The data present important evidence on the speed of adjustment of stock prices to new political information, i.e., in as many as 2 to 3 days from the announcement date. Thus, this paper finds that the Nepalese stock market is inefficient at a semi-strong level, but there is a strong linkage between political uncertainty and common stock returns.
Interest Rate Pass-Through in Nepal
Authors: Maskay Nephil Matangi , Pandit Rajendra
Published: March 2023

The paper examines the interest rate pass through of the policy interest rate to the market interest rate in Nepal. The span of the empirical exercise covers the phase of interest rate liberalization commencing from the first quarter of 1989/1990 to the final quarter of 2008/2009. The result suggests that there is a significant long run elasticity coefficient of the policy rate (taken to be the bank rate) to the different market rates (e.g. 1 yr fixed deposit, lending rate and saving rate), but there is only one error correcting relationship between the bank rate and the lending rate in the short run. However, the speed of adjustment, i.e. the adaptation coefficient, indicates a weaker adjustment of the short-term dynamics to the long run equilibrium. Looking at the sub-sample, which coincides with the promulgation of the NRB Act 2002, the period starting from the third quarter of 2001/2002 to the final quarter of 2008/2009, suggests that there is insignificant elasticity coefficient between the policy rate and two of the above-mentioned market rates. Paradoxically, while the elasticity coefficient between the policy rate and lending rate is found to be significant, it is negative! Overall, the situation indicates that at present, the bank rate in Nepal is ineffective in influencing the market rates and suggests that there are other factors at play. The paper ends by recommending introduction of a more effective indicator of monetary stance, greater awareness of external factors when making monetary policy, and enhancing and guiding the development of the domestic financial sector for equitable financial development and growth.
Spatial Price Integration in Nepal
Authors: Kharel Ram Sharan , Koirala Tap Prasad
Published: March 2023

There is a large volume of literature documenting the analysis of spatial market integration based on individual commodity prices. This paper, instead, contributes to the literature by delineating the existence of spatial market integration using intra-regional price indices. In this context, we use monthly price indices for Kathmandu valley, Hill and the Terai region, which are the only available spatial indices in Nepal. Employing Johansens' bi-variate cointegrating approach for the period from August 1995 to December 2010, we found a strong proposition of Law of One Price (LOP) across the region indicating the fact that spatial markets are highly integrated albeit speed of adjustment is rather slow. This may be due to the existence of oligopolistic pricing behaviour, carteling, asymmetric market information, and syndicate in the transportation system as discussed in various literatures.
Time-Varying Parameters of Inflation Model in Nepal: State Space Modeling
Authors: Koirala T.P.
Published: March 2023

This paper attempts to investigate the stability of time-varying parameters of the random walk model of inflation in Nepal. This study has been motivated with the Lucas Critique (1976) that the monetary/fiscal policy that is exposed to change over time affect the expectations of forward looking economic agents which hence lead to non-constant time-varying parameters of the model. Monthly time series of inflation ranging from August, 1997 to July, 2012 has been utilized for the analysis. Applying the Kalman Filter technique for the estimation of coefficients of random walk model, we found non-constant time varying parameters of both the constant and autoregressive of order one AR(1) coefficient of inflation over the long run. The changes in the expectations of rational economic agents on macroeconomic policies as a result of the problems of policy commitment, credibility and dynamic consistency might have attributed such non-constant timevarying parameters. Therefore, in addition to supply smoothing policies to control inflation in Nepal, consistent and credible policies that are not exposed to change over time may reduce the gap of actual inflation from its targets and hence trigger inflation into desired level.
The Impact of Remittances on Central Bank Balance Sheets and Inflation in Nepal
Authors: Maskay Nephil Matangi , Steinkamp Sven , Westermann Frank
Published: March 2023

Starting from a set of stylized central bank balance sheets, we analyze how central bank policies influence the inflationary impact of remittances. We also estimate the impact of remittances on inflation empirically, using a Vectorautoregression (VAR) framework and a quarterly data set from Nepal. We find this impact to be positive, even after controlling for inflation from India. The domestic monetary base, on the other hand, has lost significance as an independent factor for inflation in the latest 10 years of our sample period. This evidence is consistent with the "impossible trinity" hypothesis. In the conclusions we discuss policy options to accommodate large remittances inflows.
Impact of Exchange Rate on Trade Deficit and Foreign Exchange Reserve in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Deepak
Published: March 2023

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of exchange rate on trade deficit and foreign exchange reserve in Nepal. The hypotheses of the study are: (a) there is no significant positive association between nominal exchange rate and foreign exchange reserve and (b) there is no significant relationship between nominal exchange rate of Nepalese rupee with US dollar and trade deficit. As empirical analysis shows that one percentage point depreciation of the Nepalese rupee (NPR) with respect to US dollar results in an (a) increase in reserve by 0.82 percentage points and (b) decline in trade deficit by 0.75 percentage points, the null hypotheses are rejected, thus suggesting that maintaining NPR undervalued with US dollar can improve trade deficit and increase foreign exchange reserves. However, because of pegging with Indian currency, NPR sometimes appreciates in line with Indian currency. This situation could be counterproductive for improving trade deficit and increasing foreign exchange reserve of Nepal. In conclusion, considering the external sector stability as one of the major policy objectives, exchange rate policy can be fine-tuned to correct the trade deficit and maintain adequate foreign exchange reserve to sustain imports and service external debt.
The Link between Remittance and Economic Growth: An ARDL Bound Testing Approach
Authors: Dhungel Kamal Raj
Published: March 2023

From the couple of decades remittances have been playing an important role in the Nepalese economy. For people of rural areas even for the urban households, remittance is becoming the major source of livelihood. Therefore, this study considers remittance as a focus variable with an aim to assess the link between remittance and growth. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to examine the relationship between remittance and growth. All the variables included in the analysis became stationary after first difference. The result of bound test confirms that the variables are cointegrated. It means the variables have long run relationship. The empirical result reveals that one percent increase in remittance increases the GDP by 0.36 percent in the long run. Similarly, the gross fixed capital formation, secondary school enrolment and the trade openness and per capita GDP have positive relationship. It implies that one percent increase in capital, labor and trade openness increases the per capita GDP by 0.82 percent, 0.46 percent and 0.30 percent in the long run respectively.
Technical Efficiency of Nepalese Banking Sector
Authors: Hakuduwal Kishor
Published: March 2023

The paper estimates and assesses the technical efficiency at individual and aggregate levels and categorizes groups of banks at various ranges of efficiency. The commercial and development banks established before 2005 in Nepal has been considered as the population of the study and 20 banks are selected using systematic random sampling. The 180 observations of nine year’s panel data from FY 2006/07 to FY 2014/15 has been used. Stochastic Frontier Approach is used taking three input variables i.e. capital, deposit and human resource cost, and one output variable i.e. loans and advance of sampled banks for analysis. The study found that the average technical efficiency (TE) by nature of banks provide commercial banks as the more efficient than development banks. The joint venture banks are the most efficient than other categories of banks. The average efficiency of banks established inside the Kathmandu valley (Head Office located inside Kathmandu) is lower than the average efficiency of banks established outside the Kathmandu valley (Head Office located outside Kathmandu). Similarly, the banks established after 1995 are found more efficient than the banks established before 1995. The study has important implications for the policymakers to take corrective actions for improving the efficiency of the Nepalese banking sector with respect to human resource policy, deposit collection policy and loan management policy.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MELESTARIKAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI CAGAR ALAM TELUK ADANG
Authors: Anwar Yaskinul , Amelia Risma , Ningrum Mei Vita Romadon
Published: March 2023

Hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu hutan yang ada di cagar alam teluk adang. Lokasi hutan mangrove berada paling dekat dengan permukiman masyrakat pesisir di kawasan Teluk Adang. Peran masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan mangrove diperlukan karena mereka merupakan yang paling terimbas akan keberadaan hutan mangrove. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui  bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian hutan mangrove. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan, wawancara dan angket guna mengetahui partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Muara Adang Kecamatan Tanah Grogot, Kabupaten Paser. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan skoring guna menentukan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling dengan kriteria usia 18-55 tahun pada 61 responden dari 6 RT. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan hutan mangrove di disekitar desa mereka termasuk dalam kaegori rendah. Masyarakat kurang berpartisipasi baik pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemeliharaan, monitoring, dan evaluasi. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya rasa kepedulian dan memiliki akan hutan mangrove yang ada di desa mereka. Kondisi menunjukkan masyarakat kurang peduli akan lingkungan hutan mangrove disekitar mereka.
PERTUMBUHAN ORGAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN MULTI FUNGSI PETAI (Parkia speciosa) DARI BIJI HINGGA SIAP TANAM
Authors: Rafi Ahmad Ihsan , Lestari Puji , Hariri Muhammad Rifqi , Maulana Ahdiar Fikri , Prasetyo Eko
Published: March 2023

Tanaman MPTS merupakan tanaman yang bermanfaat ganda baik kayu maupun non kayunya seperti daun, buah, bunga dan biji. Tanaman jenis ini menjadi pilihan dalam proyek rehabilitasi lahan dan hutan karena bermanfaat bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan. Salah satu jenis MPTS yang penting adalah petai dengan produk non kayu berupa buah. Keberhasilan budidaya petai tergantung dari pembibitannya, sehingga perlu diketahui tahapan perkecambahan bijinya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fase-fase perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan organ vegetatif petai. Biji petai diamati secara langsung (direct observation) dari awal penaburan sampai semai siap sapih. Organ yang tumbuh awal pada perkecambahan petai adalah radikula diikuti dengan pulmula. Tipe perkecambahannya adalah epigeal dengan organ batang, akar dan daun sempurna terbentuk pada hari ke-12. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi waktu penyapihan semai sehingga berdampak pada penyiapan bibit MPTS pada program rehabilitasi lahan dan hutan.
KAJIAN UPDATING PETA STATUS TUTUPAN LAHAN MANGROVE DENGAN ALGORITMA MACHINE LEARNING DAN INDEKS VEGETASI DI KABUPATEN BERAU
Authors: Itsnani SM A Arifin , Kardika Adelia Juli
Published: March 2023

Pemetaan esktraterestris dengan teknologi satelit penginderaan jauh memberikan kemudahan klasifikasi land use land cover (LULC) pada area yang luas secara multitemporal dengan keunggulan meminimalisir waktu dan biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji updating peta status tutupan lahan mangrove berupa sebaran, luasan, dan tingkat kerapatan kanopi menggunakan algoritma machine learning dan indeks vegetasi di wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Pulau Derawan Kabupaten Berau sebagai daerah pendukung program blue carbon. Area studi penelitian ini menggunakan data Citra Sentinel 2B multitemporal untuk memperoleh informasi peta LULC, perubahan perkembangan lahan, dan ekosistem mangrove. Hasil pemetaan LULC menggunakan reflektan multispektral Sentinel menunjukkan akurasi minimum pada tingkat OA = 81% dan kappa = 2.00. Adapun  tingkat kerapatan hasil algoritma GNDVI keseluruhan dengan nilai kerapatan berkisar antara 1 - 9 Nilai tersebut dibagi kedalam 1 kelas non vegetasi (≤ 3) dan 4 kelas kerapatan vegetasi yang bervariasi dengan status tingkat kerapatan jarang (≤ 5), sedang (≤ 7), lebat (≤ 8), dan sangat lebat (≤ 9). Perkembangan DUDI (Dunia Usaha dan Dunia Industri) dalam sektor perkebunan maupun tambak di Kecamatan Pulau Derawan membuat perubahan signifikan terhadap LULC dan sebaran mangrove. Dari tahun 2018 hingga 2022, terdapat 15.21% lahan mangrove menjadi lahan tanaman dan lahan basah, 6.25% lahan tanaman dan 8.30% lahan basah menjadi lahan kering, 34.24% lahan kering menjadi lahan tanaman, sedangkan lahan terbangun mengalami kenaikan 114.57%. Penurunan yang luar biasa dari hutan mangrove dapat terjadi di tanah pedalaman sepanjang wilayah pesisir yang dikonversi menjadi lahan perkebunan sawit.
KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN TIMBUNAN KARBON VEGETASI HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SIMBOLON KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Sihombing Benteng H , Sidabukke Simon H
Published: March 2023

Dampak dari kegiatan ilegal yang merusak ekosistim hutan dapat menyebabkan perubahan komposisi jenis dan timbunan karbon vegetasi. Penelitian yang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan timbunan karbon (C) vegetasi Hutan Lindung Gunung Simbolon (HLGS) Kabupaten Simalungun. Metode penelitian menggunakan invetarisasi potensi kayu dan menduga timbunan karbon dengan pendekatan BEF (Biomass Expending Factor). Berdasarkan hasil inventarisasi dan pengolahan data jenis vegetasi dan potensi kayu diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat 22 jenis vegetasi yang terdiri dari 2 jenis dipterocarpacea (Shorea leprosula dan Shorea platycaldos), 7 jenis pionir (Macaranga tricocarpa, Macaranga gigantea, Homalanthus populneus, Trema orientalis, Anthocephalus chinensis, Arthocarpus anisophyllus, Zyzigium sp), 3 jenis endemik (Schima wallicii, Cinnamomum averum dan Cinnamomum subaveninum) serta 10 jenis rimba campuran (Alstonia scholaris, Lithocarpus cycloporus, Kompassia malaccensis, Sauaria vulcani, Aquillaria malaccensis, Borassus flabellifer, Cratoxylon arborescens, Bischofia javanica, Litsea monopetala dan Casuarina junghuhniana). Timbunan karbon dari berbagai jenis vegetasi yang terdapat pada 29.560 ha ekosistim Hutan Lindung Gunung Simbolon adalah 22.914.659,4 atau 2,29146594 x 107 ton.
The mySELF group: Recreation- and art-based group therapy as adjunct treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: King Lisa , Campbell Doreen , Finkbeiner Marie , Gallimore Jane , Kennedy Jill , McCarthy Emily , Ketcheson Felicia
Published: March 2023

LAY SUMMARY

Military personnel and Veterans receiving psychotherapy for mental health diagnoses such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often have only modest symptom improvement. The authors wondered whether participating in a therapeutic recreation and creative arts group along with psychotherapy would aid recovery. A 12-week program called the my Social life, Expression, Leisure and Food (mySELF) group was created that offered therapeutic recreation, art, and music therapy. A total of 36 clients, most with PTSD, who had been receiving psychotherapy for an average of three years completed the program and submitted pre- and post-group questionnaires. The authors examined leisure attitudes, quality of life, and mental health symptoms before, immediately after, and four months after the group. Results showed significant improvements in leisure attitudes, environmental quality of life and depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD symptoms. These preliminary results suggest that therapeutic recreation, art, and music therapy are beneficial for military personnel, Veterans, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police receiving psychotherapy.
The behavior of the RC grouped silos under earthquake excitation according to different internal loadings
Authors: Durmuş Demir Ayşegül
Published: March 2023

Reinforced concrete grouped silos-commonly employed in the industry to store granular materials- also needs to be designed in earthquake-prone areas. Silos experience a higher rate of structural failures than the majority of other types of construction. And one of the main causes of silo failure is the dynamic overpressures caused by stored materials under seismic loads. However, the principles determining loads on such structures and requirements for their structural analysis aren’t precisely specified in relevant codes of design. Instead of emphasizing grouped silos that interact strongly, the present dynamic design only concentrates on a single silo which can lead to unrealistic solutions for grouped silos. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the seismic behavior of grouped silos more accurately. This paper aims to investigate the seismic behavior of RC on-ground grouped silos compared to single ones by using a numerical model because of its adaptability, which allows for the analysis of a wide range of silo problems. In this context, a three-dimensional finite element model, that considered the interaction between stored material and silo wall as well as the continuity of the silo walls, was performed using ANSYS software. Two different aspect ratios and three different internal loading cases were taken into account for the parametric study to demonstrate their influences on dynamic overpressures and equivalent base shear forces in RC-grouped silos. It is concluded that designing the on-ground slender grouped silos with a high aspect ratio as individual single silos is unreasonable and may produce very low values for the base shear force.