bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global research development of chondrosarcoma from 2003 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Duan Hansong , Li Jiatong , Ma Jianfei , Chen Ting , Zhang He , Shang Guanning
Published: August 2024

Background

Chondrosarcomas are common primary malignant bone tumors; however, comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the research hotspots and trends in the field of chondrosarcoma through bibliometric analysis to help researchers understand the current status and direction of research in the field.

Methods

Articles and reviews related to chondrosarcoma published between 2003 and 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science. Countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in this field were visualized and analyzed using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software.

Results

Between 2003 and 2022, 4,149 relevant articles were found. The number of articles published on chondrosarcoma has increased significantly annually, mainly from 569 institutions in China and the United States, and 81 in other countries. In total, 904 authors participated in the publication of studies related to chondrosarcomas. Over the past 20 years, articles on chondrosarcoma have been published in 958 academic journals, with Skeletal Radiology having the highest number of publications. Furthermore, keywords such as “gene expression,” “radiotherapy,” “experience,” and “apoptosis” have been popular in recent years.

Conclusion

Over the past 20 years, the global trend in chondrosarcoma research has primarily been clinical research, with basic research as a supplement. In the future, communication and exchange between countries and institutions should be strengthened. Further, the future main research hotspots in the field of chondrosarcoma include mutated genes and signaling pathways, precision surgical treatment, proton therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other aspects.
Analytical Applications of Voltammetry in the Determination of Heavy Metals in Soils, Plant Tissues, and Water—Prospects and Limitations in the Co-Identification of Metal Cations in Environmental Samples
Authors: Chatziathanasiou Efthymia , Liava Vasiliki , Golia Evangelia E. , Girousi Stella
Published: August 2024

Heavy metals represent a class of chemical elements that includes metalloids, bases and transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. They are distinguished for their toxicity in small concentrations and their negative effects on the environment and human health; consequently, their monitoring has to be improved to manage the risks. The determination of heavy metals is carried out mainly by analytical methods, using spectroscopy, spectrometry, and electroanalysis. However, the interest has shifted to new and faster methodologies and techniques for heavy metal analysis, with particular emphasis on voltammetry. Voltammetry is preferred for heavy metal detection owing to the advantages of low cost, simplicity, ease of operation, fast analysis, portability, the ability to monitor environmental samples in the field, and high sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, this study summarizes the applications of voltammetry in heavy metal determination mainly in water, soil, and plant samples, and presents an evaluation of sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability.
Tisochrysis lutea Fucoxanthin Suppresses NF-κB, JNK, and p38-Associated MMP Expression in Arthritis Pathogenesis via Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Lee Hyemi , Jang Hahyeong , Heo Dahyoon , Eom Jae-In , Han Cheol-Ho , Kim Se-Min , Shin Yoo-Seob , Pan Cheol-Ho , Yang Siyoung
Published: August 2024

Tisochrysis lutea is a highly nutritious marine microalga that has various applications in aquaculture and biotechnology. However, the effects of T. lutea extract (TLE) on osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of TLE on OA development. We found that TLE inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity in an OA mouse model generated by the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. In vivo assays of the OA model mice demonstrated that TLE has a protective effect against cartilage destruction by inhibiting MMP3 and MMP13 expression. To enable the medical use of TLE, the components of TLE were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Interestingly, we found that Fucoxanthin accounts for 41.2% of TLE and showed anti-catabolic and antioxidant effects under IL-1β-treated in vitro conditions. RNA sequencing analysis showed that fucoxanthin decreased p38, NF-κB, and JNK signaling pathway gene expression, all of which are activated by IL-1β. Furthermore, in vivo analysis showed that fucoxanthin inhibited the IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of p65, JNK, and p38. These results highlight new possibilities for the use of TLE as a source of fucoxanthin, an antioxidant, for OA treatment.
Capsaicin Modulates Hepatic and Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Regulating the Colon Microbiota
Authors: Pang Xiaotong , Wei Xin , Wu Yanyan , Nan Shanshan , Feng Jiaqi , Wang Fang , Yao Min , Nie Cunxi
Published: August 2024

We aimed to investigate the role of capsaicin (CAP) in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic and intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and its colonic microflora in mice. Thirty healthy male Kunming mice with similar body weights were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group (CON), the LPS group, and the CAP group, with ten mice in each group. The CON and the LPS groups received a daily dose of normal saline, respectively, while the CAP group received an equivalent dose of CAP. On the 28th day of the experiment, the LPS and the CAP groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS, while the CON group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline. The results lead to the following conclusions. Compared to the LPS group, CAP improved the loss of hepatic lobular structure and significantly increased the duodenal villus length and ratio of villus length to crypt depth. CAP increased hepatic and colon interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels. CAP also increased hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. CAP significantly increased the relative abundances of Mucispirillum, Helicobacter, Prevotellaceae-UCG-001, Colidextribacter, unclassified-f-Oscillospiraceae, and Odoribacter, some of which were closely related to hepatic and colonic immune and oxidative markers. CAP also decreased the overall content of short-chain fatty acids, except for propionic acid. Overall, CAP can regulate the colon microbiota and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Whether CAP exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by modulating the colonic microflora, mainly Mucispirillum spp. and Helicobacter spp., requires further investigation.
Anoectochilus roxburghii Extract Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through Activating the daf-16/FoxO Pathway
Authors: Xu Peng , Wang Jianfeng , Wang Junyi , Hu Xiaoxiao , Wang Wei , Lu Shengmin , Sheng Yingkun
Published: August 2024

As a significant global issue, aging is prompting people’s interest in the potential anti-aging properties of Anoectochilus roxburghii (A. roxburghii), a plant traditionally utilized in various Asian countries for its purported benefits in treating diabetes and combating aging. However, the specific anti-aging components and mechanisms of A. roxburghii remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the anti-aging effects and mechanisms of A. roxburghii extract E (ARE). Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were exposed to media containing different concentrations of ARE whose superior in vitro radical scavenging capacity was thus identified. Lifespan assays, stress resistance tests, and RT-qPCR analyses were conducted to evaluate anti-aging efficacy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and daf-16, sod-3, and gst-4 levels. Additionally, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to elucidate the potential anti-aging mechanisms of ARE. Fluorescence protein assays and gene knockout experiments were employed to validate the impacts of ARE on anti-aging mechanisms. Our results revealed that ARE not only prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans but also mitigated ROS and lipofuscin accumulation, and boosted resistance to UV and heat stress. Furthermore, ARE modulated the expression of pivotal anti-aging genes including daf-16, sod-3, and gst-4, facilitating the nuclear translocation of DAF-16. Significantly, ARE failed to extend the lifespan of daf-16-deficient C. elegans (CF1038), indicating its dependency on the daf-16/FoxO signaling pathway. These results underscored the effectiveness of ARE as a natural agent for enhancing longevity and stress resilience to C. elegans, potentially to human.
Chebyshev Pseudospectral Method for Fractional Differential Equations in Non-Overlapping Partitioned Domains
Authors: Oloniiju Shina Daniel , Mukwevho Nancy , Tijani Yusuf Olatunji , Otegbeye Olumuyiwa
Published: August 2024

Fractional differential operators are inherently non-local, so global methods, such as spectral methods, are well suited for handling these non-local operators. Long-time integration of differential models such as chaotic dynamical systems poses specific challenges and considerations that make multi-domain numerical methods advantageous when dealing with such problems. This study proposes a novel multi-domain pseudospectral method based on the first kind of Chebyshev polynomials and the Gauss–Lobatto quadrature for fractional initial value problems.The proposed technique involves partitioning the problem’s domain into non-overlapping sub-domains, calculating the fractional differential operator in each sub-domain as the sum of the ‘local’ and ‘memory’ parts and deriving the corresponding differentiation matrices to develop the numerical schemes. The linear stability analysis indicates that the numerical scheme is absolutely stable for certain values of arbitrary non-integer order and conditionally stable for others. Numerical examples, ranging from single linear equations to systems of non-linear equations, demonstrate that the multi-domain approach is more appropriate, efficient and accurate than the single-domain scheme, particularly for problems with long-term dynamics.
A Bibliographic Exploration of Bacterial Houses: Biofilm Matrix Research and Future Frontiers
Authors: Ding Yuanzhao
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the intriguing parallels between bacterial behavior and human actions, specifically the tendency of bacteria to adhere to surfaces, construct bacterial “houses” known as a biofilm matrix, nurture growth and reproduction within the biofilm matrix, and disperse upon maturity. Termed as the bacterial “houses”, biofilm matrices exert significant influence on various aspects of human life. A well-structured biofilm matrix serves as the foundation for establishing biofilm reactors capable of efficiently removing heavy metal pollutants from water. Conversely, a dysfunctional biofilm matrix can lead to infections and subsequent illnesses in the human body. Therefore, the study of the biofilm matrix emerges as pivotal. Employing a bibliographic study methodology, this paper analyzes 1000 web of science articles in the field, investigating key keywords, influential countries/regions, organizations, and their interconnections. The findings illuminate the primary themes in biofilm matrix research and offer insights into future directions for this critical field of study.
Advancing Cordyceps militaris Industry: Gene Manipulation and Sustainable Biotechnological Strategies
Authors: Hu Yan , Wu Yijian , Song Jiayi , Ma Maomao , Xiao Yunzhu , Zeng Bin
Published: August 2024

Cordyceps militaris is considered to be of great medicinal potential due to its remarkable pharmacological effects, safety, and edible characteristics. With the completion of the genome sequence and the advancement of efficient gene-editing technologies, coupled with the identification of gene functions in Cordyceps militaris, this fungus is poised to emerge as an outstanding strain for medicinal engineering applications. This review focuses on the development and application of genomic editing techniques, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), PEG-mediated protoplast transformation (PMT), and CRISPR/Cas9. Through the application of these techniques, researchers can engineer the biosynthetic pathways of valuable secondary metabolites to boost yields; such metabolites include cordycepin, polysaccharides, and ergothioneine. Furthermore, by identifying and modifying genes that influence the growth, disease resistance, and tolerance to environmental stress in Cordyceps militaris, it is possible to stimulate growth, enhance desirable traits, and increase resilience to unfavorable conditions. Finally, the green sustainable industrial development of C. militaris using agricultural waste to produce high-value-added products and the future research directions of C. militaris were discussed. This review will provide future directions for the large-scale production of bioactive ingredients, molecular breeding, and sustainable development of C. militaris.
A Review of Medical Image Registration for Different Modalities
Authors: Darzi Fatemehzahra , Bocklitz Thomas
Published: August 2024

Medical image registration has become pivotal in recent years with the integration of various imaging modalities like X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans, enabling comprehensive analysis and diagnosis of biological structures. This paper provides a comprehensive review of registration techniques for medical images, with an in-depth focus on 2D-2D image registration methods. While 3D registration is briefly touched upon, the primary emphasis remains on 2D techniques and their applications. This review covers registration techniques for diverse modalities, including unimodal, multimodal, interpatient, and intra-patient. The paper explores the challenges encountered in medical image registration, including geometric distortion, differences in image properties, outliers, and optimization convergence, and discusses their impact on registration accuracy and reliability. Strategies for addressing these challenges are highlighted, emphasizing the need for continual innovation and refinement of techniques to enhance the accuracy and reliability of medical image registration systems. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of accurate medical image registration in improving diagnosis.
From Waste to Resource: Evaluating the Impact of Biosolid-Derived Biochar on Agriculture and the Environment
Authors: Mcintyre Hailey , Li Simeng
Published: August 2024

The escalating production of biosolids from wastewater treatment plants presents significant environmental and health challenges due to the presence of pathogens, trace organic pollutants, and heavy metals. Transforming biosolids into biochar through pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution, enhancing soil fertility and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This review critically evaluates the pyrolysis processes (slow, fast, and flash) for biosolid conversion and examines the impact of biosolid-derived biochar on soil nutrient retention, crop productivity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Findings from various studies demonstrate that BDB can significantly reduce emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2 while improving soil health. However, challenges such as standardizing production methods, addressing heavy metal content, and ensuring economic feasibility must be overcome. Future research should focus on optimizing pyrolysis conditions, developing regulatory frameworks, and conducting comprehensive economic analyses to support the large-scale implementation of BDB in sustainable agriculture.
Aged-Related Changes in Microglia and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exploring the Connection
Authors: Ana Borrajo
Published: August 2024

Microglial cells exhibit properties akin to macrophages, thereby enabling them to support and protect the central nervous system environment. Aging induces alterations in microglial polarization, resulting in a shift toward a neurotoxic phenotype characterized by increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Dysregulation of microglial cells’ regulatory pathways and interactions with neurons contribute to chronic activation and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the involvement of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s is a critical topic for studying the role of inflammatory responses in disease progression. Furthermore, the metabolic changes in aged microglia, including the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, are discussed in this review. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing better preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Salivary Profile Analysis Based on Oral Cancer Risk Habits: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Amtha Rahmi , Gunardi Indrayadi , Widyarman Armelia Sari , Herwanto Tiffany , Hartanto Firstine Kelsi , Vincent-Chong Vui King
Published: August 2024

Background: In Indonesia, cultural practices such as betel quid chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption are prevalent. These practices are known risk factors for oral cancer and may influence the salivary profile, which is essential for maintaining oral health. Purpose: To compare the salivary profiles of individuals with and without risk factors for oral cancer. Methods: The study included 49 individuals identified as having risk factors for oral cancer. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Various parameters were measured, including salivary pH, flow rate (FR), thickness, color, turbidity, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-8. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-tests. Results: A significant difference was found in salivary IL-1β levels between the two groups (p = 0.009), with higher levels observed in individuals with oral cancer risk factors. Notably, the salivary IL-1β concentrations showed significant differences between the smoking group (p = 0.021; OR = 2.94) and the alcohol-drinking group (p = 0.007; OR = 4.96) compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of salivary viscosity, color, turbidity, flow rate, acidity, or IL-8 levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with risk factors for oral cancer exhibit distinct salivary IL-1β profiles compared to those without such risk factors, particularly those who practice alcohol drinking.
The Role of Information Technology and Employee Engagement in Enhancing Knowledge Management in the Pharmaceutical Research and Development Process: Insights from Dynamic Capabilities Theory
Authors: Chatzifoti Natalia , Didaskalou Eleni A. , Chountalas Panos T. , Agoraki Konstantina K. , Georgakellos Dimitrios A.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of Information Technology and employee engagement on the implementation of Knowledge Management within the Research and Development processes of pharmaceutical companies. Based on Dynamic Capabilities Theory, this research examines the interaction between these factors in facilitating Knowledge Management practices. The findings indicate that while both Information Technology and employee engagement significantly enhance Knowledge Management implementation, the latter has a more pronounced effect. Engaged employees are crucial for identifying opportunities and driving strategic initiatives, whereas Information Technology supports information processing and decision making. This study highlights the complex interaction between technology and human creativity, demonstrating that the future of Knowledge Management in Research and Development relies not only on advanced systems but also on the active and committed individuals who utilize them.
Fast Monitoring of Quality and Adulteration of Blended Sunflower/Olive Oils Applying Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Klinar Magdalena , Benković Maja , Jurina Tamara , Jurinjak Tušek Ana , Valinger Davor , Tarandek Sandra Maričić , Prskalo Anamaria , Tonković Juraj , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka
Published: August 2024

Food adulteration which is economically motivated (i.e., food fraud) is an incentive for the development and application of new and fast detection methods/instruments. An example of a fast method that is extremely environmentally friendly is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Therefore, the goal of this research was to examine the potential of its application in monitoring the adulteration of blended sunflower/olive oils and to compare two types of NIRS instruments, one of which is a portable micro-device, which could be used to assess the purity of olive oil anywhere and would be extremely useful to inspection services. Both NIR devices (benchtop and portable) enable absorbance monitoring in the wavelength range from 900 to 1700 nm. Extra virgin oils (EVOOs) and “ordinary” olive oils (OOs) from large and small producers were investigated, which were diluted with sunflower oil in proportions of 1–15%. However, with the appearance of different salad oils that have a defined share of EVOO stated on the label (usually 10%), the possibilities of the recognition and manipulation in these proportions were tested; therefore, EVOO was also added to sunflower oil in proportions of 1–15%. The composition of fatty acids, color parameters, and total dissolved substances and conductivity for pure and “adulterated” oils were monitored. Standard tools of multivariate analysis were applied, such as (i) analysis of main components for the qualitative classification of oil and (ii) partial regression using the least square method for quantitative prediction of the proportion of impurities and fatty acids. Qualitative models proved successful in classifying (100%) the investigated oils, regardless of whether the added thinner was olive or sunflower oil. Developed quantitative models relating measured parameters with the NIR scans, resulted in values of R2 ≥ 0.95 and was reliable (RPD > 8) for fatty acid composition prediction and for predicting the percentage of the added share of impurity oils, while color attributes were less successfully predicted with the portable NIR device (RPD in the range of 2–4.2). Although with the portable device, the prediction potentials remained at a qualitative level (e.g., color parameters), it is important to emphasize that both devices were tested not only with EVOO but also with OO and regardless of whether proportions of 1–15% sunflower oil were added to EVOO and OO or EVOO and OO in the same proportions to sunflower oil.
A Dynamic Analysis of a Poly-Articulated Robot
Authors: Dumitru Sorin , Copilusi Cristian , Dumitru Nicolae , Geonea Ionut
Published: August 2024

This paper studies the kinematics and dynamics of a poly-articulated robot. The robot can be used in hardly accessible places and special environments. The poly-articulated robot includes two main parts: a flexible unit and an actuation unit. The flexible unit consists of three modules specially designed for serving in a complex 3D workspace. Each module has flexible vertebrae and rigid disks. The poly-articulated robot simulation is achieved with the MSC Adams 2012 and ANSYS R14.5 software. Thus, we aim to determine whether the variation laws depend on the time of the kinematic parameters for each part in a specific motion, considering each part has to act as a rigid body or a deformable body. Using the finite element method, the stress and deformations for normal and critical positions are calculated for the poly-articulated robot. To validate the simulation models designed in this research, an experimental analysis of the proposed poly-articulated robot is developed. The command and control unit was equipped with motion sensors that allow to identify the position of each flexible unit module.
Defect Engineering of Nickel-Based Compounds for Energy-Saving H2 Production
Authors: Zeng Yi , Qi Xueqiang , Lu Shun , Khalil Mohamed N. , Dong Xiuxiu , Wang Haoqi
Published: August 2024

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR), requiring less energy to produce hydrogen, is considered as a potential alternative to the traditional oxygen evolution reaction. Consequently, developing highly efficient UOR catalysts to facilitate H2 production has garnered widespread attention. A promising approach to enhancing the effectiveness of these electrocatalysts is defect engineering. By introducing structural defects, defect engineering can expose more active sites and optimize their electronic structure, thereby improving their activity. This work offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress in defect engineering of nickel-based electrocatalysts for the UOR. It summarizes various strategies for generating defects, including the creation of vacancies, doping, the incorporation of single atoms, amorphization, and achieving high refractivity. Furthermore, we discuss the advanced characterization techniques commonly used to identify the presence of defects in these electrocatalysts, as well as to determine their detailed structures. Finally, we outline the prospects and challenges associated with the systematic design and fabrication of novel UOR electrocatalysts with tunable defects, aiming to further enhance their efficiency and stability.
Multiple Dimensions of Energy Efficiency of Recycled Concrete: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Leandro S. , Najjar Mohammad K. , Stolz Carina M. , Haddad Assed N. , Amario Mayara , Boer Dieter Thomas
Published: August 2024

The focus on building energy efficiency using alternative materials in structures, especially concrete, and the main technical and environmental challenges therein, aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study proposes a review that analyzes structures made with recycled concrete, relating to the energy efficiency of buildings. A classification structure was proposed, addressing the following questions: (i) What are the various dimensions in which research into energy-efficient recycled concrete is concentrated? (ii) What are the themes and classes of research associated with these dimensions? (iii) What are the main shortcomings of current approaches, and what would be a good research agenda for the future development of energy-efficient recycled concrete? A bibliometric analysis was carried out, presenting geographical and cluster maps to understand different research trends and refine future research. This was followed by a bibliographic analysis, reviewing the most relevant studies from the last five years (2019–2024). The results showed some residual alternative materials (around 45 types from five different industries) used in the production of energy-efficient concrete. And, as a negative effect, as substitution rates increase, porosity is the property with the greatest impact on energy efficiency. The greater the number of pores and the greater their interconnection, the lower the material’s thermal insulation.
Study of the Thermal Performance of Solar Air Collectors with and without Perforated Baffles
Authors: Boussouar Ghizlene , Rostane Brahim , Aliane Khaled , Ravi Dineshkumar , Gęca Michał Jan , Gola Arkadiusz
Published: August 2024

Air plate solar collectors provide a sustainable and efficient solution for building heating. The absorber plate collects solar radiation and converts it into heat. Atmospheric air is then circulated through the collector plate with perforated baffles by forced convection. The heated air is then directed through ducts into the building’s heating system. By significantly reducing reliance on fossil fuels for building heating, these collectors contribute to a lower life-cycle carbon footprint for buildings compared to conventional heating systems. While flat-plate solar collectors are widely used for renewable energy generation, their efficiency is frequently limited by the airflow path and the heat transfer efficiency within the collector. This study aims to quantify the impact of longitudinal, transverse, and perforated baffles with different hole diameters on the heat transfer characteristics and to identify the optimal design for maximizing thermal efficiency. This study also aims to integrate solar air collector in a conventional building and help reduce the overall energy demand of buildings and their associated carbon emissions. A three-dimensional numerical investigation was carried out on a flat-plate solar collector equipped with perforated transverse baffles with varying hole diameter and thickness. The results from the study predicted that perforated baffles with two holes with a diameter of 15 mm provided a maximum Nu of 79.56 and a pressure drop of 459 Pa for a Re of 8500.
Selection of Ferrite Depending on Permeability and Weight to Enhance Power Transfer Efficiency in Low-Power Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Authors: Rhee Jaewon , Woo Seongho , Lee Changmin , Ahn Seungyoung
Published: August 2024

With advancements in the field of electrical engineering, various low-power portable electronic devices have been commercialized. To eliminate and unify different types of cables, inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, which uses magnetic fields to transfer energy, is being applied in numerous applications. Low-power devices typically have small coils and loads, leading to low power transfer efficiency even over short distances. Magnetic materials such as ferrites are used to improve power transfer efficiency (PTE). It is well known that high-permeability ferrites with low magnetic reluctance are ideal for achieving strong magnetic coupling. However, continuous increases in permeability raise the cost and weight of the ferrite, making it necessary to select ferrites with appropriate permeability from a mass-production perspective. This paper models and analyzes the changes in mutual inductance and power transfer efficiency with varying ferrite permeabilities using magnetic circuits, providing guidelines for the selection of suitable ferrites considering efficiency improvements. The proposed method is validated through 3D electromagnetic simulations and experiments, showing a power transfer efficiency difference of up to 0.6% between the experimental and calculated results.
Synergistic and Antagonistic Activity of Selected Dietary Phytochemicals against Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury in Cardiac H9c2 Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Jingwen , Xiao Xiangwei , Chen Baiying , Deng Zeyuan , Chen Xuan , Fan Yawei , Li Hongyan
Published: August 2024

The antioxidant activities of lycopene (LY), lutein (LU), chlorogenic acid (CA), and delphinidin (DP) were tested in vitro on H9c2 cell-based models. Some indicators, such as the generation of reactive oxygen (ROS), the quantification of cell antioxidant activity (CAA), and the expressions of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, were calculated to examine their antioxidant interactions. From our results, the phytochemical mixtures (M1: CA-LU: F3/10, M2: DP-CA: F7/10, M3: DP-LY: F5/10) displayed strong synergistic effects based on the generation of ROS and the quantification of CAA. However, great antagonistic bioactivities were seen in the combinations of LY-LU: F5/10 (M4), CA-LU: F9/10 (M5), and DP-LY: F7/10 (M6). Western blotting analysis indicated that the possible mechanism underlying the synergistic antioxidant interactions among phytochemical combinations was to enhance the accumulation of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes, HO-1 and GCLC. The combinations (M1–M3 groups) showed significant protection against the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential than individual groups to avoid excessive ROS production. The M4–M6 groups exerted antagonistic protective effects compared with the individual groups. In addition, lutein and lycopene absorption was improved more because of the presence of chlorogenic acid and delphinidin in the M1 and M3 groups, respectively. However, delphinidin significantly reduced the cellular uptake of lycopene in the M6 group. It appeared that antioxidant interactions of phytochemical combinations may contribute to the restoration of cellular redox homeostasis and lead to an improvement in diet quality and collocation.
The Potential of Bacillus Species as Probiotics in the Food Industry: A Review
Authors: Payne Jessie , Bellmer Danielle , Jadeja Ravi , Muriana Peter
Published: August 2024

The demand for probiotics is increasing, providing opportunities for food and beverage products to incorporate and market these foods as a source of additional benefits. The most commonly used probiotics belong to the genera of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and traditionally these bacteria have been incorporated into dairy products, where they have a wider history and can readily survive. More recently, there has been a desire to incorporate probiotics into various food products, including baked goods. In recent years, interest in the use of Bacillus species as probiotics has greatly increased. The spores of various Bacillus species such as Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis, have significantly improved viability and stability under harsher conditions during heat processing. These characteristics make them very valuable as probiotics. In this review, factors that could affect the stability of Bacillus probiotics in food products are highlighted. Additionally, this review features the existing research and food products that use Bacillus probiotics, as well as future research opportunities.
Suppressive Effect of Coffee Leaves on Lipid Digestion and Absorption In Vitro
Authors: Sansri Veerawat , Sroyraya Morakot , Phisalprapa Pochamana , Yosboonruang Atchariya , Ontawong Atcharaporn , Saokaew Surasak , Goh Bey-Hing , Trisat Kanittaporn , Phewchan Premchirakorn , Rawangkan Anchalee , Limpeanchob Nanteetip , Duangjai Acharaporn
Published: August 2024

Background: Coffee leaves are a major source of bioactive components and are used as ethnomedicine. However, despite their traditional medicinal use, information about their effects on antihyperlipidemia remains limited. Methods: The aims of this study were to evaluate the main components of leaf extracts from Arabica and Robusta coffees and to examine the potential of these coffee leaves in reducing lipid digestion and absorption in vitro. Results: Coffee leaf extracts from Arabica coffee contain a high amount of caffeine, whereas extracts from Robusta coffee contain high amounts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine. Additionally, leaf extracts from Arabica and Robusta coffee demonstrated the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, decreased micellar cholesterol solubility, and reduced bile acid binding. Furthermore, these extracts resulted in a reduction in cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells. Molecular docking experiments supported this discovery, showing CGA and caffeine binding to Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), a key protein in cholesterol absorption. The results indicated that CGA and caffeine can competitively bind to NPC1L1 at the cholesterol binding pocket, reducing its cholesterol binding rate. These findings suggest that coffee leaves might help suppress lipid absorption and digestion, highlighting their potential use in preventing and treating hyperlipidemia.
Time-Series Interval Forecasting with Dual-Output Monte Carlo Dropout: A Case Study on Durian Exports
Authors: Kummaraka Unyamanee , Srisuradetchai Patchanok
Published: August 2024

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are prominent in predictive analytics for accurately forecasting target variables. However, inherent uncertainties necessitate constructing prediction intervals for reliability. The existing literature often lacks practical methodologies for creating predictive intervals, especially for time series with trends and seasonal patterns. This paper explicitly details a practical approach integrating dual-output Monte Carlo Dropout (MCDO) with DNNs to approximate predictive means and variances within a Bayesian framework, enabling forecast interval construction. The dual-output architecture employs a custom loss function, combining mean squared error with Softplus-derived predictive variance, ensuring non-negative variance values. Hyperparameter optimization is performed through a grid search exploring activation functions, dropout rates, epochs, and batch sizes. Empirical distributions of predictive means and variances from the MCDO demonstrate the results of the dual-output MCDO DNNs. The proposed method achieves a significant improvement in forecast accuracy, with an RMSE reduction of about 10% compared to the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model. Additionally, the method provides more reliable forecast intervals, as evidenced by a higher coverage proportion and narrower interval widths. A case study on Thailand’s durian export data showcases the method’s utility and applicability to other datasets with trends and/or seasonal components.
Variations in the Five Facets of Mindfulness in Italian Oncology Nurses according to Sex, Work Experience in Oncology, and Shift Work
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Avino Karen , Mea Rocco , Comes Maria Colomba , Bove Samantha , Conte Luana , Lupo Roberto , Rubbi Ivan , Carvello Maicol , Botti Stefano , De Nunzio Giorgio , Massafra Raffaella
Published: August 2024

Background: Oncology nurses support cancer patients in meeting their self-care needs, often neglecting their own emotions and self-care needs. This study aims to investigate the variations in the five facets of holistic mindfulness among Italian oncology nurses based on gender, work experience in oncology, and shift work. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2023 amongst all registered nurses who were employed in an oncology setting and working in Italy. Results: There were no significant differences in all five facets of holistic mindfulness (p ≥ 0.05) according to gender, work experience in the oncology field, and shift work. Conclusion: Could holistic mindfulness be defined as an intrinsic individual characteristic? Surely, more insights will be necessary to better define the holistic trend in oncology nursing.
Effects of Low-Phosphorus Stress on Use of Leaf Intracellular Water and Nutrients, Photosynthesis, and Growth of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xing Deke , Wu Yanyou , Zhao Kuan , Wang Jing , Mao Renlong
Published: August 2024

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the main reasons limiting plant production of Brassica napus L. Exploring the dynamics of leaf intracellular substances and the correlations with photosynthesis and growth helps to understand the response mechanisms of B. napus L. to P deficiency. This study conducted experiments on B. napus L. plants by measuring the leaf electrophysiological parameters, leaf structure, elastic modulus (Em), photosynthesis, and growth indices under different P treatment conditions. The dynamics of leaf intracellular water and nutrients of B. napus L. were calculated and analyzed by using the electrophysiological parameters, and the plant tolerance threshold to low-P stress was discovered. The results indicated that the status of the leaf intracellular water and nutrients remained stable when the P concentration was not lower than 0.250 mmol·L−1, but maximized the photosynthesis and growth at a P level of 0.250 mmol·L−1. The 0.125 mmol·L−1 P concentration significantly decreased the mesophyll cell volume, and the palisade–sponge ratio and tightness degree of leaf tissue structure were remarkably increased. This led to an increase in cell elastic modulus, and significantly improved the water retention capacity of leaf cells. At the same time, the intracellular water use efficiency and total nutrient transport capacity of leaves remained stable. As a result, the photosynthesis and growth of plants were maintained at the same level as that of the control group. However, photosynthesis and growth were clearly inhibited with a further decrease in P concentration. Therefore, 0.125 mmol·L−1 was the tolerance threshold of B. napus L. to low P. With the help of electrophysiological information, the effects of the dynamics of intracellular substances on photosynthesis and growth of B. napus L. under low-P stress can be investigated, and the plant’s adaptive response can be revealed. However, the findings of the current hydroponic study are not directly applicable to field conditions with naturally P-deficient soils.
Case Report: A Case of a Patient with Smith–Magenis Syndrome and Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Stern Tchelet , Hussein Yara , Cordeiro Diogo , Sadis Hagit , Garin-Shkolnik Tali , Spiegel Ronen , Cohen Sagit , Harari Ruth , Schlesinger Ilana , Stern Shani
Published: August 2024

Smith–Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by intellectual disability (ID), behavioral impairments, and sleep disturbances, as well as multiple organ anomalies in some affected individuals. The syndrome is caused by a deletion in the chromosome band around 17p11.2, including the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (RAI1) gene, a multifaceted transcriptional regulator that modulates the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation and neurodevelopment. This gene has a positive role in regulating BDNF and, importantly, affects several cell mechanisms and pathways such as the nigro-striatal pathway, which is crucial for motor function. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in older populations. It is characterized by various physical symptoms including tremors, loss of balance, bradykinesia, and a stooping posture. We present a case study of a patient diagnosed with both SMS and early-onset PD (at the age of 49). The association between both conditions is as yet ambiguous. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate an association between the RAI1 gene and PD. Similarly, the co-existence of both SMS and PD in the patient suggests a possible association between RAI1 copy number variations (CNVs) and PD, further indicating that RAI1 has strong implications for PD pathogenesis. Our results suggest that RAI1 CNVs and the pathophysiology of PD may be related, underscoring the need for further research in this field. Therefore, caregivers of SMS patients should pay careful attention to the possibility of their patients developing EOPD and should consider starting treatment for PD as soon as the first symptoms appear.
The Efficiency of In Vitro Differentiation of Primate iPSCs into Cardiomyocytes Depending on Their Cell Seeding Density and Cell Line Specificity
Authors: Tereshchenko Yuliia , Petkov Stoyan G. , Behr Rüdiger
Published: August 2024

A thorough characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) used with in vitro models or therapeutics is essential. Even iPSCs derived from a single donor can exhibit variability within and between cell lines, which can lead to heterogeneity in results and hinder the promising future of cell replacement therapies. In this study, the cell seeding density of human and rhesus monkey iPSCs was tested to maximize the cell line-specific yield of the generated cardiomyocytes. We found that, despite using the same iPSC generation and differentiation protocols, the cell seeding density for the cell line-specific best differentiation efficiency could differ by a factor of four for the four cell lines used here. In addition, the cell lines showed differences in the range of cell seeding densities that they could tolerate without the severe loss of differentiation efficiency. Overall, our data show that the cell seeding density is a critical parameter for the differentiation inefficiency of primate iPSCs to cardiomyocytes and that iPSCs generated with the same episomal approach still exhibit considerable heterogeneity. Therefore, individual characterization of iPSC lines is required, and functional comparability with in vivo processes must be ensured to warrant the translatability of in vitro research with iPSCs.
The Complex Relationship between Neuromodulators, Circadian Rhythms, and Insomnia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Gabryelska Agata , Turkiewicz Szymon , Ditmer Marta , Gajewski Adrian , Strzelecki Dominik , Białasiewicz Piotr , Chałubiński Maciej , Sochal Marcin
Published: August 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to disruptions in circadian rhythm and neurotrophin (NFT) signaling. This study explored the link between neuromodulators, chronotype, and insomnia in OSA. The participants (n = 166) underwent polysomnography (PSG) before being categorized into either the control or the OSA group. The following questionnaires were completed: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Chronotype Questionnaire (morningness-eveningness (ME), and subjective amplitude (AM). Blood samples were collected post-PSG for protein level assessment using ELISA kits for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF, glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, NFT3, and NFT4. Gene expression was analyzed utilizing qRT-PCR. No significant differences were found in neuromodulator levels between OSA patients and controls. The controls with insomnia exhibited elevated neuromodulator gene expression (p < 0.05). In the non-insomnia individuals, BDNF and NTF3 expression was increased in the OSA group compared to controls (p = 0.007 for both); there were no significant differences between the insomnia groups. The ISI scores positively correlated with all gene expressions in both groups, except for NTF4 in OSA (R = 0.127, p = 0.172). AM and ME were predicting factors for the ISI score and clinically significant insomnia (p < 0.05 for both groups). Compromised compensatory mechanisms in OSA may exacerbate insomnia. The correlation between chronotype and NFT expression highlights the role of circadian misalignments in sleep disruptions.
First-Principles Study of Strain Effects on the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of Fe/MgO Heterostructures
Authors: Nazir Safdar , Jiang Sicong , Yang Kesong
Published: August 2024

The interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) observed at ferromagnet/oxide interfaces presents great promise for energy-efficient spintronic technologies. The epitaxial strain induced by the lattice mismatch between films and substrates serves as an effective strategy for the tuning of the material properties. However, the current understanding of the strain effects on interfacial PMA remains insufficient. Here, we present an extensive study of the biaxial strain effects on the interfacial magnetism and interfacial magnetic anisotropy constant (Ki) in a slab-based Fe/MgO heterostructure using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Our results reveal a strong correlation between the spin moment of interfacial Fe atoms and the Fe-O bond length in both unstrained and strained systems. The overall Ki, which includes contributions from both the Fe/MgO interface and the Fe surface, increases as the compressive strain increases. This is consistent with recent experimental findings that show that the PMA energy increases when the in-plane lattice constant of Fe decreases. In contrast, the overall Ki initially decreases with a small tensile strain of less than 0.4% and shows an increasing trend as the tensile strain increases from 0.4% to 2%. However, beyond 2%, the overall Ki decreases again. These changes in Ki can be explained by the strain-induced variations of Fe 3d orbitals near the Fermi energy. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the strain effects on magnetic anisotropy in Fe-based heterostructures, offering insights for the further optimization of interfacial magnetic properties.