bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN METHODS OF ESTIMATION CAPITAL VALUE
Authors: Khurramovich Khudoykulov Khurshid
Published: December 2024

The article indicates the scientific and theoretical aspects of using the method of multiplier coefficients in estimating capital value, focusing on using the EV / S and EV / EBITDA methods of evaluating capital value used in emerging market countries. In particular, based on data from Qizilqumsement, Kokand Mechanical Plant, Kvars, Uzmetkombinat from 2015 to 2019, the company's capital value is estimated. In addition, the existing problems in using EV / S and EV / EBITDA methods estimate and identify the value of capital of the joint-stock company. Then, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were developed by the author
POSSIBILITIES OF USING E-LEARNING IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES
Authors: Qizi Ganieva Dilnoza Baxriddin
Published: December 2024

In the digital age, organizations are increasingly adopting innovative methods to train and develop their employees. E-learning, or electronic learning, has emerged as a key tool in this area, offering flexibility, cost efficiency, and a wide range of interactive content. This scientific article explores the possibilities of using e-learning in the training and development of employees, discussing its benefits, implementation strategies, and potential challenges. The article also provides insights into how e-learning can be effectively integrated into corporate training programs to enhance employee skills and organizational performance.
THE IMPACT OF THE ORGANIZATION'S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON WORK EFFICIENCY
Authors: Azamjonovich Usmanov Adkhamjon
Published: December 2024

In today's globalization process, the effective organization of each organization's management system directly depends on the factors influencing it. Since the main goal of organizational management is to achieve labor and activity efficiency, it is necessary to constantly study the factors influencing it, adapting it to the demands of the time. This article examines and analyzes the key factors related to the organization's effectiveness.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: M.O. Musurmonova
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the comprehensive research of the economic growth rates of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the article is to analyze economic growth and its indicators, as well as to develop recommendations for achieving sustainable high rates of economic growth. The author focuses on GDP per capita and concludes that the low level of labor productivity growth in the regions is the result of cheap labor and low skills of workers in the real sector, as well as the existing high level of obsolescence of production capacity.
CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEPTIC ULCER OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM
Authors: Bakhodirovna Salimova Nigora
Published: December 2024

In order to assess the clinical, pathogenetic, functional variant of the course of peptic ulcer disease, I conducted a study of 112 patients with gastric ulcer (34), duodenal ulcer (78). The diagnosis was verified in accordance with the requirements of the modern standard, with an assessment of histomorphological secretory motor, hormonal disorders, as well as the degree of N. rulori contamination, eradication and its effectiveness. Psychosomatic status was assessed using complex methods: multilateral personality studies, the Hamilton scale for assessing depression, the Spielberg scale of situational and personal anxiety, the Beck depression scale, the "unfinished sentences" method for assessing violations in the relationship system.
THE ROLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Khamdamov Shoh-Jakhon , Usmanov Anvar
Published: December 2024

The transition to renewable energy is a key strategy for reducing CO2 emissions and promoting green growth in Uzbekistan. This paper explores the role of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and hydropower, in reducing carbon emissions within the country’s energy mix. Uzbekistan’s current energy system remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, which is a significant contributor to CO2 emissions. By analyzing the potential of renewable energy and government initiatives to support its growth, this study assesses the progress made and identifies challenges that hinder the transition. The findings suggest that increasing the share of renewable energy will play a vital role in reducing emissions and promoting sustainable development in Uzbekistan
INSURANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS' CREDIT FACILITIES AND CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mamadiyarov Zokir , Tajimatov O‘tkirjon
Published: December 2024

The practice of insurance of credit facilities of commercial banks is an important means of credit risk management in banking activities. Through insurance, banks can protect their loan portfolio from risks and reduce losses related to customers who face default or other debt situations. Development of diversified insurance products, automation of processes by introduction of technological solutions and use of international experiences are considered important for improvement of insurance practice. These approaches are of great importance in reducing credit risks and making banks more efficient. This is it in the article commerce of banks credit objects insurance to do practice improvement and on prudent credit risk management approaches and international experience analysis will be done
UZBEKISTAN RAILWAYS JOINT STOCK COMPANY THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN OPTIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF LOGISTICS CORPORATE STRUCTURES
Authors: Bakhriddinovich Makhmudov Samariddin , Rashidovna Mamarayimova Rushana
Published: December 2024

Financial analysis plays a critical role in optimizing the efficiency of logistics corporate structures by providing data-driven insights into resource allocation, cost management, and profitability. This paper explores the integration of financial analysis into logistics operations, highlighting how financial performance metrics such as cash flow, profitability, and return on investment drive strategic decisions that enhance operational efficiency. By evaluating logistics costs, including transportation, warehousing, and inventory management, financial analysis enables companies to streamline processes and reduce inefficiencies. Moreover, the study examines the use of financial tools like ratio analysis, budget forecasting, and break-even analysis to assess the financial health of logistics firms. The findings emphasize the importance of financial analysis in identifying areas for investment in digital technologies, optimizing supply chain operations, and ensuring sustainable financial growth. This approach ultimately supports the overall goal of improving the economic viability and competitive edge of logistics corporate structures
LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS OF VIRUS ETIOLOGY COMPLICATED WITH SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
Authors: Oblokulov A.R  , Oblokulova O.A  , Bahronov O. O
Published: December 2024

Background: Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases, particularly in patients with liver cirrhosis. Specific Background: The Neutrophil-to-Albumin Percentage Ratio (NPAR) has emerged as a novel biomarker for assessing systemic inflammation. Low serum albumin levels combined with elevated neutrophil counts have been associated with an increased risk of infections, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), a serious complication in cirrhotic patients. Knowledge Gap: Despite the recognized risks and mortality associated with SBP, the specific role of NPAR in predicting outcomes in patients with cirrhotic ascites remains underexplored. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of NPAR in identifying patients at high risk for developing SBP and to assess its association with in-hospital mortality rates. Results: Our findings indicate that elevated NPAR is significantly correlated with the incidence of SBP and is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, reinforcing the potential of this biomarker in clinical practice. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the utility of NPAR as a predictive tool for SBP in cirrhotic patients, potentially guiding clinicians in early diagnosis and intervention. Implications: By highlighting the importance of NPAR, this study advocates for its incorporation into routine clinical assessments to improve patient outcomes, emphasizing that timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of SBP can significantly reduce mortality rates.
GENETIC VARIATION OF HOUSEKEEPING GENES IN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Hassan Baraa Adnan , Hamada Yasir Hamad , Abdullah Iman Tajer
Published: December 2024

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prominent opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Specific Background: Its ability to develop multiple antibiotic resistance poses a significant clinical challenge, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of its genetic diversity and virulence factors. Knowledge Gap: While previous studies have explored antibiotic resistance mechanisms, there is limited research on the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in specific geographic regions, such as Kirkuk. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples obtained from Kirkuk Civil Hospitals, utilizing Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) for genetic analysis. Results: Fourteen P. aeruginosa isolates were confirmed through biochemical tests and the VITEK-2 system, with an alarming 85.71% (12/14) exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of several housekeeping genes, although some genes did not amplify. Notably, two new serotypes (PS3:id:9797 and PS4:id:9796) were identified and added to the MLST database, along with three new genes registered in NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a divergent cluster among three isolates. Novelty: This research contributes new insights into the genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, identifying novel serotypes and genes, which are critical for understanding its epidemiology and resistance mechanisms. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical settings to inform treatment strategies and public health policies aimed at managing antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.
DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH BRAIN DISEASES
Authors: Abdalrahman Ahmed Yassen Mahmoud  , Marwan Khaled Ibrahim Ahmed  , Teba Haitham Jameel Mohammed  , Athraa Mahmoud Mohamed Hani  , Halah madhor Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

General Background: The advent of advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques has transformed the exploration of neurological alterations linked to brain diseases. Specific Background: MRI serves as a non-invasive modality for visualizing brain structure and function, crucial for identifying abnormalities associated with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Knowledge Gap: Despite the advancements, the precise relationships between these imaging modalities and specific neurological changes remain inadequately understood, necessitating further investigation. Aims: This review aims to examine the latest developments in MRI techniques, particularly functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and their applications in assessing neurological disorders. Results: The integration of fMRI facilitates the capture of real-time brain activity through blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals, while DTI provides insights into white matter integrity and neural connectivity. MRS enhances our understanding of biochemical alterations by measuring metabolic changes within the brain. Novelty: This synthesis of advanced MRI methodologies underscores their complementary roles in elucidating the intricacies of brain structure and function, particularly in the context of disease progression and treatment response. Implications: By delineating subtle changes in brain activity and composition, these MRI techniques not only enhance early diagnosis but also inform clinical strategies for the management of brain diseases, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential of advanced MRI modalities in bridging existing knowledge gaps and advancing both research and clinical practices in neurology.
FORENSIC ASPECTS OF CIRCULATORY DISORDERS IN BRAIN INJURIES
Authors: Jumanazarovich Jarimbetov Rashid
Published: December 2024

General Background: The analysis of forensic medical reports reveals persistent challenges in accurately identifying and assessing craniocerebral injuries. Specific Background: Repeated and additional forensic examinations often highlight shortcomings and errors attributed to a lack of understanding among experts regarding contemporary concepts related to traumatic brain injury (TBI), including its mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and differential diagnosis. Knowledge Gap: Despite advancements in medical knowledge, there remains a significant gap in the expertise of forensic professionals regarding the complexities of TBI, leading to inconsistencies in forensic assessments. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the current practices in forensic medical examinations of craniocerebral injuries and identify areas for improvement in the methodology of assessment. Results: The findings indicate that insufficient knowledge of TBI mechanisms and a lack of standardized approaches contribute to errors in forensic evaluations, ultimately affecting the quality of forensic medical reports. Novelty: This research emphasizes the need for enhanced training and a unified methodological framework for forensic experts to better understand and assess craniocerebral injuries. Implications: By addressing these deficiencies, the study underscores the importance of improving forensic practices, which could lead to more accurate diagnoses and assessments of TBI, thereby enhancing the reliability of forensic medical reports in legal contexts. This work advocates for the development of standardized guidelines and continuous education for forensic experts in the field.
CLINICAL-IMMUNOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS AND ASSOCIATED DISEASES
Authors: Aminjonovich Asrorov Akmal
Published: December 2024

General Background: Chronic tonsillitis is a prevalent condition in children, often linked to various immunogenetic factors that influence its pathogenesis and associated diseases. Specific Background: The role of HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) system A and B loci in chronic tonsillitis remains inadequately understood, particularly regarding their clinical significance and the immunogenetic correlations with related conditions. Knowledge Gap: While prior studies have examined the genetic factors associated with chronic tonsillitis, there is a lack of comprehensive research focusing on the specific HLA loci and their implications for clinical outcomes in affected children. Aims: This study aims to determine the indicators of HLA A and B loci in children with chronic tonsillitis and to explore the clinical-immunogenetic correlations with associated diseases. Results: The findings demonstrate significant associations between specific HLA alleles and the severity of chronic tonsillitis, highlighting potential immunogenetic predispositions that influence disease progression and comorbidities. Novelty: This research introduces a novel perspective by linking HLA system indicators directly to clinical outcomes, thereby providing new insights into the immunogenetic mechanisms underlying chronic tonsillitis in children. Implications: The identification of these immunogenetic factors could enhance the understanding of chronic tonsillitis pathophysiology and inform personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient management and outcomes in pediatric populations.
BLOOD VISCOSITY AND GIT DISORDERS OF HCV PATIENTS
Authors: Mubark Nawras Najah , Rasha Ibrahim Salman  , Shahad Q. Al-Hamadiny
Published: December 2024

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection  is a blood-borne viral illness responsible for significant morbidity and mortality all over the world. The current study aims to determine the role of HCV in increasing blood viscosity that is accompanied by attacks and serious heart disorders, in addition to knowing the effect of this infection on irritations and disorders of the digestive system. Methods: The practical side included collecting blood samples from 50 HCV infected persons and 50 healthy persons as a control group. Laboratory and clinical tests were carried out at Al-Diwaniyah General Teaching Hospital, where HCV was determined by checking for antibodies using the ELISA test, while blood viscosity was determined by knowing the percentage of red blood cells (hemocrit) as part of the complete blood test. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases were diagnosed using gastroendoscopy and x-rays, in addition to investigations Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Result: ulcers and stomach acidity with colitis together (A,B,D) were in high rates in patients (58%) compared with healthy people (6%) and produced this is a clear statistical difference (p<0.05). Moreover, Blood viscosity increased (71.54%)  with a rise titer of HCV in patients blood (18.38 logIU/mL) that associated with appearance of strong positive linear  correlation (r= 0.965, p= 0.004). In conclusion: HCV leads to serious complications, especially the digestive system and circulation, and the risk of these disorders increases with the increased survival of the virus C in the patient's liver. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate treatments, especially effective modern treatments represented by Harvoni.
HEMOGLOBINOPATHY IN BASRAH GOVERNORATE, CENTER STATISTICS AND NEW REGISTRY CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Batool Falah Hassan  , Gadeer Ali Lazim  , Montazer Mansour Jassim  , Maysaa Basim Obaid  , Milad Mohammed Faleeh  , Basim Abdulkareem.Alhijaj
Published: December 2024

A retrospective study that had been conducted depending on the patients records and center data bases, concentration on the evidence of registering new cases of the disease categories, a total of 8721 patients had been registered most of them was of sickle cell diseases categories (sickle cell anemia, sickle/β+ and sickle/β0) of 5954 (68.26%), thalassemia syndromes (27.71%). 52.11% are males and 47.78% are females with a male: female ratio of 1.09, most of them are of below 18 years old 4741 (54.34%) with an adult group of 3972 (45.54%), one third of them were illiterates the rest were educated of different levels, only 6% reached higher education. 1817 different hemoglobinopathy patients was registered in Basrah during the last five years, 27.6% of them were registered during 2019 alone, 39.8% of them were homozygous sickle cell diseases while heterozygous (sickle/β+, sickle/β0) represented 33.0% of all registered cases, thalassemia syndromes (thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia and α thalassemia) were only 27.0%. conclusions Basra governorate contain a large cohort of hemoglobinopathies patients on the national level and new case detection and registry is still significantly high for the last five years although premarital screening program did conducted recommendation a more correlational and comparable studies are to be conducted to highlight different variables of the disease-specific characteristics and an evaluation is to be conducted on evidence based way for the outcome of the currently conducted premarital screening program.
ALTERATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL MOTHERS WITHIN KERKUK PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: Azeez Sarah T. , Bayatli Feedan J. , Bazzaz Ayoub A. , Chelebi Noorhan A.
Published: December 2024

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine changes in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, and platelet counts in Iraqi women from Kirkuk Province during the prenatal and postnatal phases. Methods: During the course of a year, 600 women attended Azadi Hospital in Kirkuk, including 300 pregnant women in the third trimester and 300 postpartum women. An automated analyzer was used to collect and analyze blood samples, and the outcomes were contrasted with those of a control group of 60 university students who were not pregnant. Results Hematological parameters showed notable alterations. During pregnancy, hemoglobin and packed cell volume dropped, but after delivery, they rose (p < 0.022). During pregnancy, the white blood cell count was significantly greater (p < 0.001), and it continued to rise after delivery. There was no discernible change in the platelet count. Instead of clinical situations, these deviations were ascribed to normal physiological processes. Novelty: This study contributes to better health monitoring and risk assessment for maternal care by shedding light on the typical hematological alterations that occur in Iraqi women throughout pregnancy and the postpartum phase.
NATURAL PRODUCT MELON PULP AND ITS USE AS A NUTRIENT
Authors: Qizi Barno Norboyeva Bahodir
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study explores the nutritional composition, health benefits, and traditional and modern uses of melon pulp, known as qovun qoqi, a culturally significant food in Central Asia. Methods: A descriptive analytical approach was utilized, examining existing literature on melon varieties (Cucumis melo L.) to assess their vitamin, mineral, and antioxidant content, alongside bioactive properties. Qualitative data analysis further contextualizes the historical significance and evolving applications of melon pulp, especially in the context of traditional preparation methods and contemporary uses in nutraceutical and cosmetic products. Results: Findings reveal melon pulp as a nutrient-dense, hydrating ingredient rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, beneficial for bodily functions, skin health, and chronic disease prevention. Notably, the study addresses challenges in its usage, such as seasonality and handling. Novelty: By synthesizing both nutritional data and cultural perspectives, this research underscores the relevance of melon pulp in modern health-focused diets and as a versatile component in natural product industries. This work contributes to the growing recognition of traditional foods in sustainable health practices, emphasizing the potential of melon pulp as a valuable, natural ingredient for diet and wellness products.
FRENULECTOMY OF SHORT FRENULUMS OF THE UPPER LIP IN THE TREATMENT OF DIASTEMAS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Sh.Y Zokirova , Sh.I Аnvarovа , Sh.F. Shoabdullayeva
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study examines the relevance and necessity of addressing upper lip frenulum abnormalities in pediatric patients, given the increasing incidence due to environmental factors, dietary additives, and structural predispositions affecting periodontal health. Methods: Clinical studies and literature systematizations were reviewed to classify frenulum abnormalities and evaluate frenuloplasty techniques. Notable classifications include the morphological and attachment-based categorization by Nenashev and Kulikov and the density differentiation by Obraztsov and Larionov. Methods from Khoroshilkina, particularly the Limberg and Popovich techniques, are discussed for their effectiveness in managing frenulum-related diastemas. Results: The study highlights the efficacy of these frenuloplasty techniques, which involve either triangular flap repositioning (Limberg) or frenulum edge relocation to the transitional fold (Popovich). These methods have been demonstrated to effectively prevent and manage dentoalveolar deformities in outpatient settings. Novelty: This research underscores the need for an algorithm to guide treatment selection and optimize surgical outcomes based on individual frenulum morphology and attachment. Implications: The findings inform pediatric surgical dentistry, suggesting a structured approach to frenulum treatment to prevent progressive periodontal issues, speech impediments, and developmental irregularities in the dentofacial system. Further research should explore standardized protocols for surgical intervention selection in pediatric patients.
COMPARISON OF THE ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF KOLHIPRIT-NEO WITH THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL DRUGS
Authors: Makhmudovna Urozov Enikeeva Zulfiya , Nuriddin Elmuratovich  , Agzamova Nigora Alimukhamedovna  , Ibragimov Shavkat Narzikulovich  , Shakhanova Shakhnoza Shavkatovna
Published: December 2024

Objective: In this study, mice with transplanted Sarcoma 180 and Solid Ehrlich tumors (SET) were used to test the antitumor activity of oral K-20 (colchiprit-neo) against different cytostatics. Methods: Antitumor activity was tested in outbred mice with transplanted tumors, treated orally with K-20 and XELODA, and intraperitoneally with doxorubicin, taxol, etoposide, or other cytostatics. Treatment was began on the 4th-5th day post-transplantation, delivered daily for 10 days. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI), animal body and spleen weight, and hematopoietic indices were measured, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: While other treatments showed significant reductions in hematopoietic parameters, K-20 treatment did not significantly affect body or spleen weight or leukocyte levels. K-20 showed superior antitumor activity, inhibiting tumor growth by 92-94% in Sarcoma 180 and SET models, outperforming doxorubicin (90%) and taxol (84-88%), and demonstrating 27% greater efficacy than XELODA. Novelty: In contrast to conventional cytostatics, K-20's oral administration demonstrated strong anticancer effects along with a good safety record and little influence on hematopoiesis or organ weights.
STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY OF THE ANTITUMOR DRUG COLCHIPRIT-NEO (K-20)
Authors: Leonidovna Vypova Natalia , Nishanov Danier Anarbaevich  , Madaliev Akhror Alievich  , Ibragimov Shavkat Narzikulovich  , Enikeeva Zulfiya Makhmudovna  , Urozov Nuriddin Elmuratovich
Published: December 2024

Objective: Colchiprit-neo was administered orally to rats at dosages of 30.0, 61.0, and 120 mg/kg for 30 days in order to assess its chronic toxicity. Methods: The effects on behavior, body weight, peripheral blood composition, kidney function, liver enzyme levels, and internal organ pathology were evaluated after rats were given Colchiprit-neo at the recommended dosages. To assess the reversibility of any possible harmful effects, a one-month recovery time was incorporated. Results: According to the study, rats' behavior, body weight, and blood composition were unaffected by repeated oral treatment of Colchiprit-neo. During therapy, the liver's alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level rose, but during the recovery phase, all tested values went back to normal. The 30 mg/kg dose did not cause any toxicity in the parenchymal organs, according to pathomorphological analysis. Novelty: The findings indicate that Colchiprit-neo is safe for long-term usage because it does not show substantial chronic toxicity at therapeutic levels. This work offers significant preclinical evidence in favor of its possible therapeutic use without endangering the major organ systems.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LATE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: F. A Otamuradov , A.Sh Vakhidov , S. A Rakhmonov , Z. Kh Karimova
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to analyze the causes and consequences of late diagnosis of congenital hydronephrosis in children, focusing on its impact on renal function and the outcomes of surgical correction in cases diagnosed after the early stages of childhood.  Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 children (aged 8 months to 17.5 years) diagnosed with hydronephrosis postnatally, from 2010 to 2023, at the SODMC of Termez. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations, including ultrasound, CT scans, and urography, to evaluate the extent of renal involvement and determine appropriate surgical interventions. Results: Late diagnosis, primarily after 3 years of age (73.7% of cases), was linked to a latent disease course, often masked by nonspecific symptoms such as pyelonephritis. Hydronephrosis was more prevalent on the right side (51.5%), with 31.3% of children diagnosed with stage IV disease requiring nephrectomy. The most common etiology included aberrant vessels and pyeloternal segment stenosis. Surgical treatments included pyeloplasty (58.6%), antevasal anastomosis (10.1%), and nephrectomy (22.1%). Postoperative recovery was generally uncomplicated, with 68.6% of children showing reduced renal pelvis size and improved kidney function. Novelty: This study highlights the significant risk of renal damage associated with delayed diagnosis and emphasizes the need for early detection and timely surgical intervention to preserve renal function. It provides valuable insights into the management of hydronephrosis in children, particularly in regions with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools.
PARAPROSTHETIC RECURRENT VENTRAL HERNIAS AND THEIR SURGICAL CORRECTION
Authors: Akmal Aliyarovich Khaitov , Ishnazar Boynazarovich Mustafakulov
Published: December 2024

Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis of macro- and microscopic morphological changes in tissues in patients with recurrent ventral hernias and to improve surgical methods for managing these cases.  Methods: Patients were divided into two groups based on prior hernioplasty techniques: Group I (n=52) received tension methods, while Group II (n=26) underwent non-tension prosthetic methods. Clinical and instrumental analyses, including CT scans and morphological assessments of tissue around prostheses, were performed to evaluate recurrence patterns and inflammation levels. Results: Findings revealed that complete relapses frequently followed tension hernioplasty, while non-tension methods resulted in partial recurrences along the prosthesis contours. Tension methods showed significant void formation and inflammatory responses around the prostheses, while non-tension techniques led to a mature connective tissue response. The recurrence rate was notably lower (3.8%) in patients treated with improved non-tension methods, such as "onlay" without defect suturing and "onlay + sublay" with duplication. Novelty: This study offers insights into morphological differences in tissue responses based on hernioplasty techniques, supporting improved surgical methods for recurrent hernias. By enhancing tension-free techniques, recurrence rates were reduced from 15% to 3.8%, underscoring the clinical benefit of tailored approaches in recurrent ventral hernia management.
NUTRITION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT: A FRAMEWORK FOR THRIVING CHILDREN
Authors: Rahmon Aslanovich Amanov
Published: December 2024

Objective: To explore the importance of integrating nutrition and responsive caregiving in promoting child development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where children face higher risks of malnutrition and developmental vulnerabilities. Methods: The study employed a targeted literature review and qualitative synthesis of key frameworks, including the Nurturing Care Framework and the Conceptual Framework for All Children Surviving and Thriving. It analyzed intervention outcomes focusing on physical, cognitive, and emotional developmental domains. Results: Findings reveal that integrated interventions combining nutrition and responsive caregiving lead to significantly better child development outcomes compared to nutrition-only programs. Children receiving integrated care showed improvements in physical growth, cognitive abilities, socioemotional well-being, and overall development. This underscores the importance of adopting holistic, multisectoral approaches that prioritize nurturing care and early learning alongside physical health. Novelty: This study highlights the critical gap in previous research, which often overlooked the role of nurturing care in cognitive and socioemotional growth. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive, context-specific strategies to scale up integrated child development interventions in LMICs, aiming to address resource constraints and enhance global child health policies.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF MARKETING ORGANIZATION AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS
Authors: Bekmatovich Djurayev Bekzod , Egamkulovich Utapov Nematullo
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of marketing and logistics systems on the efficiency of agricultural product production, storage, and sales, focusing on the challenges faced by agricultural producers in Uzbekistan. Methods: The research employs a systematic analysis of the agricultural supply chain, evaluating the role of marketing and logistics in managing the flow of goods, determining production volumes, and assessing market capacities. Data is gathered through literature review, case studies, and qualitative analysis of existing agricultural practices. Results: The findings highlight significant inefficiencies in the current agricultural logistics system, where the lack of proper marketing strategies and logistics infrastructure leads to high production and transportation costs, imbalances in consumer markets, and low competitiveness. The study identifies key areas where improvements in the marketing-logistics framework can reduce costs by 10-15%, enhance production planning, and better align supply with consumer demand. Novelty: This research introduces a comprehensive approach to integrating marketing and logistics systems in agricultural production, emphasizing the importance of strategic coordination between resource suppliers, producers, and market demands. It provides insights into developing a more efficient, market-responsive agricultural sector in Uzbekistan
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIESBRADYBAENA PLECTOTROPIS LIVING IN THE VICINITY OF THE NARYN RIVER
Authors: Feruza Pardabaevna Gaibnazarova , Khilola Khakberdiyeva
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the terrestrial malacofauna in the Naryn River region, with a specific focus on Bradybaena plectotropis in Grigorievskoe Gorge, Kyrgyzstan, to enhance understanding of its ecological roles and biological features. Methods: Field surveys and anatomical analyses were conducted in August 2024, covering diverse biotopes across Grigorievskoe Gorge and Boom Gorge. Forty specimens were collected, documented, and examined for morphological and reproductive characteristics to determine ecological preferences and habitat distribution. Results: The study identified Bradybaena plectotropis as a dominant species in the region, demonstrating significant morphological adaptations and ecological versatility. Its roles in soil formation, organic matter decomposition, and trophic chains underscore its ecological importance. Additionally, its presence across varied biotopes highlights its adaptability and widespread distribution. Novelty: This research provides the first comprehensive faunistic and anatomical study of Bradybaena plectotropis in the Naryn River region, offering valuable insights into its taxonomy, ecological roles, and conservation relevance in Kyrgyzstan's mountainous ecosystem.
ACCELERATION HEALING AND OSSEO-INTEGRATION PROCESSES OF CPTI IMPLANT BY COATING TEETH WITH COLLAGEN-POLYCAPROLACTONE FIBER SCAFFOLD
Authors: Al-Bayati Shanai , Jassim Raghdaa , Jabur Akram , Bazzaz Ayoub A.
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to enhance osseointegration and healing by combining electrospinning techniques with collagen and polycaprolactone (PCL) as a coating for commercial pure titanium (CpTi) implants. Methods: In vitro experiments utilized glacial acetic acid as a solvent system to create collagen/PCL coatings with varying PCL concentrations (10%, 15%, 20% w/v). Morphological and physical characterizations were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and wettability tests. In vivo studies involved implanting collagen/PCL-coated CpTi cylinders into the femoral bone of New Zealand rabbits, followed by histological analysis at 2 and 6 weeks. Results: SEM revealed that scaffolds with higher PCL concentrations exhibited finer nanofiber structures (average diameter: 232 nm) and enhanced hydrophilicity and roughness. Histological analysis demonstrated significant osteogenic activity and basal bone formation, with well-formed bone plates observed at 6 weeks for implants coated with 20% collagen and 20% PCL. Novelty: The study highlights the potential of electrospun collagen/PCL coatings to create optimal surface properties for dental implants, achieving improved tissue integration and healing outcomes. This innovative approach demonstrates the versatility of electrospinning for fabricating fibrous scaffolds that can incorporate therapeutic agents, offering transformative implications for regenerative medicine and implantology.
EVALUATION OF MODIFIED CONGO RED AGAR FOR DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING MDR KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONAIE CLINICAL ISOLATES
Authors: Al-yozbakee Zinah Makki , Mohammad Khalid Omar
Published: December 2024

The notoriety of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae extends beyond nosocomial or community acquired infections, since it is a major cause of biofilm-related infections. The utilization of a very specific or distinct media, Congo Red Agar (CRA), for detection of biofilm, has significant drawbacks, including inconsistencies in the creation of black pigment. In this study, an assessment of Modified Congo Red Agar (MCRA), for detection of biofilm, was performed on 23 multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae strains obtained from various clinical samples. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and dependability of Modified Congo Red Agar (MCRA) as an alternative medium for studying biofilm production to the non modified Congo Red Agar. Also to examine the prevalence of the fimH gene, which is necessary for biofilm formation among these isolates. Lastly to determine the relationship between antibiotic resistance, the presence of the fimH gene, and the ability to produce biofilm among K. pneumonaie strains. These strains were diagnosed according to their specific bacteriological characteristics. After assessing antibiotic susceptibility, all MDR K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited the presence of the fimH gene using the PCR method. On CRA 20 isolates were strong biofilm producer as they appeared as black colored colonies, two were moderate biofilm producer (pink colored) and only 1 was non biofilm producer ( red colored) colony. On MCR the same results for biofilm production to CRA, except for one colony differed as it appeared red (non biofilm producer) on MCRA and pink (moderate biofilm producer) on CRA. However, the growth of 75% blackness pigment of MDR K. pneumoniae strains on the CRA decreased over time. The phenotypic pigmentation on CRA was enhanced by modifying the contents of the agar that led to the persistent development of a highly concentrated black pigment in isolates containing the fimH gene for 2 to 4 days, with no drop in pigmentation seen over time. The change of the agar ingredient enabled the stable synthesis of black pigment and also resulted in a reduction in the cost of agar preparation. Key Words: Biofilm, Congo Red Agar, fimH gene, Modified Congo Red Agar, MDR K. pneumonaie.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF STEM CELL THERAPY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CANCER
Authors: Mahdi Marwan Saleh , Kadhim Sajjad Jawad , Ajmi Murtadha Hadi
Published: December 2024

Stem cell therapy is emerging as a novel approach in the fight against cancer, with over 300 clinical trials exploring various stem cell types, including embryonic, adult, fetal, amniotic fluid, and human embryonic-like stem cells. These trials aim to treat a range of diseases, notably cancer, by leveraging the regenerative capabilities of stem cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation within tumors, are integral to tumor growth and resistance to conventional treatments due to their self-renewal properties. Innovative strategies, such as suicide gene therapy using genes like Cytosine Deaminase (CD), show promise in targeting these CSCs and enhancing treatment outcomes. This review discusses the dual role of stem cells in cancer therapy, highlighting their potential to both promote and inhibit tumor development, and underscores the need for well-characterized therapeutic stem cell banks equipped with anti-tumor genes. Future research directions and the potential of stem cell-based therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment are also explored.
THE PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THE AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEM IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE PROVINCE OF KARBALA
Authors: Al-baiaty Shahad Kadhem Jafar , Ali Sarah Akar , Al-Sarray Riyam Ghazi Kareem , Mahdi Hawra Raad , Jassab Jinan Talib , Hussein Basim Jawad
Published: December 2024

Along with anemia and hypertension, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most frequent medical problems of pregnancy, occurring in between 5% and 10% of pregnancies. This study set out to ascertain the frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the presence of uropathogens in expectant mothers. 417 urine samples were examined between December 2021 and August 2022 of that research period. When a urinary tract pathogen grew to at least 10 5 CFU/ml in a culture of a midstream urine sample, the diagnosis of UTI was made. Biochemical assays were used to identify the isolated microorganisms. According to the results, 49.4% of expectant mothers had a UTI. The most often isolated organism was E. Coli (56.79%), which was followed by Proteus sp (5.8%), Pseudomonas sp (6.3%), and Klebsiella sp (19.9%)..
ELIMINATION OF BIOFILM PRODUCED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI AFTER EXPOSURE TO STRONTIUM SR90 AND CESIUM CS137 RADIOACTIVE SOURCE IN DIFFERENT DOSES
Authors: Mohammed Nebras Rada
Published: December 2024

Objective:. The purpose of this research in order to remove biofilm produced from E. coli with different radioactive sources.Study design: Case–control in analytical and cross-sectional in descriptive study design. Backgrounds: The  bacterium E. coli which is pathogenic to the urinary tract, depends on a wide number of virulence determinants, as it is the most important bacterium responsible for urinary tract infections. Radiation  is power in the appearance of undulations or spout of mote. There are several types of radiance overall concerning us. Alpha dissolution occurs while the mote throw of the nucleus that constitute of two no and two P+. Beta dissolution a no is convert a P+ and an e- is released of the nucleus. Gamma dissolution happen through residuum power in the nucleus next alpha or beta dissolution or subsequent no catch (a kind of atomic response) in a nuclear reactor. Methodology: Study populations and bacterial isolates with diagnosing E. coli from catheter and several diseases from patients in Baghdad hospitals in 2023/ 2024. Expose the bacteria to radiance released of Sr90 and CS137 radioactive sources in various doses with screening biofilm production before and after exposure to radiation. Results: The results show that there is a high killing rate of E. coli during exposure to Cesium-90 and Cesium-137 radioactive sources. As well as loss of biofilm production at different doses. Conclusion: Firstly, the impact of radiance of various radioactive sources occasion the homicide of E. coli. Secondly, the impact of radiance released of radioactive sources in various doses is analogous in homicide of  E. coli.
THE IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Inbit Mohammed Jabar Odah , Alkolany Mohamed abdulhassan eliwi , Kazem Ahmed Abd Ali , Hussein Hussain Hamza , Brism Raed Abd AL-kadum  mageed
Published: December 2024

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BIOELECTRICAL PRODUCTION BY MICROBIAL NANOWIRES
Authors: Omar Omar Adel Badawi , Al Rahim Faysal Raed Abd , Saed Salam Adil Abduljabar , Daoud Yousif Zeyad Yassen , Mohammed Abd Alrahman Mohammed Jasim
Published: December 2024

Bacterial nanowires, which are electrically conductive appendages or threads that facilitate the transfer of electrons outside the bacterial cell, produced by a number of bacteria, have shown the potential to be useful in many fields, especially bioenergy and bioremediation. Bacteria have developed a group of nanowires in different forms, including Pilli, which are fine structures protruding from the surface of bacteria and used for adhesion, movement, and the formation of biofilms in some species that participate in extracellular respiration and use their filaments to transfer electrons. The world is currently witnessing an energy crisis due to the continuous increase in energy requirements around the world, so the trend today is to use microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, which is an encouraging technology for generating electricity and a source of clean and environmentally friendly energy that uses microorganisms to convert the chemical energy of organic compounds into electricity using bacterial nanowires. Most MFC studies are being done for electricity generation, which is the primary application of the technology at the moment, and it is a fascinating technology that can use a variety of substrates, MFC cell with bacteria to achieve bioenergy production despite the fact that the energy levels in all these systems were relatively low
PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF DOCTORS WITH PATIENTS: A FIELD STUDY IN THE CITY OF MEDICINE
Authors: Hassan Ahmed Emad Ali , Rashid Karar Haidar Falih , Gno Zain Al-Abidin Kazim Karim , Shebat Ali Thajeel Atiya
Published: December 2024

Through research, we reached the following after the questionnaire forms were distributed to a sample of males and females from the community, which amounted to (50). We entered the answers and sorted them through the statistical program (spss) and obtained several results that we summarize in several points as follows:

The study proved that there is a significant relationship between age and suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, at a rate of 24% for the age of 50 years and over
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between education and finding difficulty in reading a prescription written by the doctor, at a rate of 20% equally between the educational level of reading and writing and the educational level of middle school
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between the economic status and always resorting to government hospitals, at a rate of 44% for those with an average income
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between taking the medicine according to medical instructions and guidelines and the difficulty of reading a prescription written by hand, 54%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease and directing the doctor to do tests before starting the diagnosis, at a rate of 34%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between always resorting to a government hospital and having previously been exposed to a medical error, at a rate of 64%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between feeling that doctors' fees in clinics are high and commitment to periodic examinations, at a rate of 24%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between preferring a doctor with a doctorate over a doctor with a bachelor's degree and commitment to periodic examinations, at a rate of 18%
The study proved that there is a significant relationship between preferring an older doctor over a younger doctor and suffering from chronic diseases such as blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, at a rate of 38%
The study proved that there is no relationship between gender, whether male or female, and preferring a doctor with a doctorate over a doctor with a bachelor's degree, at a rate of 24%
The study proved that there is no relationship between gender and reading and reviewing the past case before going to the doctor, at a rate of 28%