bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centaurea vlachorum sp. nov. (subgen. Jacea) from NW Greece Materials for the Mountain Flora of Greece, 8
Authors: Hartvig Per
Published: March 2008

Centaurea vlachorum Hartvig is described from alpine meadows on ophiolithic substratum on Mt. Milea in N Pindhos, Greece. It is a very distinct species related to sect. Leptoranthus within subgen. Jacea.
A revision of the genus Linum in southern Africa
Authors: Rogers C. M.
Published: March 2008

Fourteen native species of Linum are recognized in southern Africa, all of which belong to sect. Linopsis. Four are commonly accepted species; four were described more than a century ago but have not been recognized in recent treatments; six are newly described. Thirteen species are endemic; one ranges as far north as Angola and Tanzania. Among the new species two are heterostylous, the first described for the genus from this region.

The section Linopsis ranges broadly from the Mediterranean region to southern Africa and to both North and South America. The occurrence in the Mediterranean region of species exhibiting such features as heterostyly and chromosome numbers of 2n = 18 or 20, the only diploids known in the section, seems to indicate that in that region are to be found the most primitive species of the section. The close similarity between species of southern Africa and a number of South American and North American species appears to place the southern African species in an intermediate evolutionary position with respect to the Old and New World species of the section.
Funicular germination plugs in endocarps from an archaeological site in Chile
Authors: Bondeson Wolmar E.
Published: March 2008

Archaeological material from the north of Chile, called “Antofagasta semillas” and consisting of small endocarps or stones was investigated with regard to the germination plugs present on the surface of the stones. The stones have 2–5 such plugs, grouped within a slightly depressed, elliptic area on one side of the ovoid, dorsiven–tral stone. Each plug closes the aperture of a one–seeded locule, which, except for its placental outer wall, is embedded in the sclerenchymatous endocarp that forms the stone. The radicle has its tip towards the hilum, which indicates its path of emergence. The germination plug is seated above the hilum and is formed by the enlarged apex of the funicle, the outermost cell layer of which is the extreme continuation of the outer epidermis of the testa. A break of the testa below the plug, caused by the push of the growing radicle, is seen as the crucial factor in the function of the funicular germination plug. The portions of endocarp tissue originally overlying the depressed area, comprising outer parts of the locule walls inclusive of the placentae, have been lost, obviously in consequence of failure to undergo sclerification.
Myxomycetes developed on litter of common Finnish trees in moist chamber cultures
Authors: Härkönen Marja
Published: March 2008

Fallen leaves were collected from the Finnish trees Alnus gtutinosa & A. incana, Betula pendula & B. pubescens, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula, and used to establish 400 moist chamber cultures. From these emerged 132 specimens of Myxomycetes belonging to 14 species. One of them, Didymium dubium Rostaf. was also cultivated from spore to spore in artificial media. The three Arcyria species that emerged developed only on coniferous litter and the four Didymium species only on deciduous litter. Echinostelium minitum de Bary is the only myxomycete species that emerged on leaves of all the five trees.

Alnus litter gave rise to the greatest number of myxomycete specimens. Betula leaves seemed to be the most unfavourable of the substrates. The common species of Myxomycetes that have appeared only on bark of living trees in the moist chambers set up by the author include Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Cran) Hertel and P. solitaria (Nann.–Brem.) Nann.–Brem. Species occurring only on deciduous leaves or grains are Didymium difforme (Pers.) S. F. Gray, D. dubium Rost. and D. squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fr.
Classification of basiphilous pine forests in Telemark, SE Norway: a numerical approach
Authors: Bjørndalen Jørn Erik
Published: March 2008

The basiphilous pine forests in southern Telemark, SE Norway, have previously been classified according to the ordinary phytosociological methods of the Braun—Blanquet system. The same material was later treated by numerical analysis, i.e., TABORD—classification and the ordination technique ‘reciprocal averaging’. No significant differences were found between the numerical and the non—numerical classification except for the classification of some transitional communities. Ordination by ‘reciprocal averaging’ gave a useful complement to the TABORD classification, and re—leves and species were distributed along interpretable gradients (i.e., along a dry—wet gradient and along a gradient from forest—rim conditions to forest conditions).
Pre– and subalpine tall herb and fern vegetation in Røldal, W Norway
Authors: Odland Arvid
Published: March 2008

Six tall herb and fern vegetation types in Røldal have been investigated. They are referred to the alliances Lactucion alpinae and Alno–Ulmion. Lactucion alpinae is divided into two suballiances, one oligotrophic to mesotrophic (Dryoptero–Calamagrostenion purpureae) to which are referred Athyrium distentifolium– Salix scrub, and Athyrium distentifolium meadow, and one eutrophic (Lactucenion alpinae) to which belongs Geranium sylvatkum meadow and Lactuca alpina meadow. Alnus incana forest, herb/fern and Matteuccia struthiopteris types belong to Alno–Ulmion. Lactucion alpinae is considered subalpine, whilst Alno Uimion is prealpine.

The pre– and subalpine zones are considered oceanic sections of middle– and upper oroboreal vegetation zones.
Capsules with Lycopodium spores for absolute diatom and pollen analysis
Authors: Stabell Bjørg , Henningsmoen Kari E.
Published: March 2008

Lycopodium spore capsules have been produced as a slight modification of the widely used Lycopodium spore tablets introduced by Stockmarr in 1971. The spore content is increased in the capsules to facilitate their use in absolute diatom analysis.
The identity of Rumicicarpus ramosissimus Chiov. (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Friis Lb
Published: March 2008

Rumicicarpus ramosissimus Chiov. is found to be conspecific with Triumfetta trigona Sprague & Hutch. The latter name is to be used for the combined taxon, which belongs to the T. flavescens group of sect. Triumfetta. The distribution of T. trigona is mapped.
Electron microscope observations on the differentiation of protocorm cells of Dactylorhiza maculata
Authors: Simola Liisa Kaarina
Published: March 2008

The fine structure of aseptically cultivated protocorm cells of Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Sod was studied with special reference to differentiation of leaf cells. In the young protocorm the characteristic structures are compound amyloplasts and smooth ER. In the older, the green shoot pole contains many proplastids storing starch, some membrane–bound protein crystalloids and lipid droplets attached to the nuclear membrane and plasmalemma. In the leaves of the young seedling, two types of chloroplasts are found. One contains little or no starch but many osmiophilic plasto–globuli; the other has only a few plastoglobuli but a large starch grain.
Synopsis of the genus Wrightoporia
Authors: Ryvarden Leif
Published: March 2008

The genus Wrightoporia has been amended to include resupinate to pileate polypores with clamped generative hyphae, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and small, smooth to ornamented amyloid spores. A key is given to the 7 accepted species and W. cinnamomea and W. cylindrospora are described as new. The combination W. subrutilans (Murr.) Ryv. is proposed.
Notes on Entoloma. New and rare species of Entoloma from Scandinavia. New names and combinations
Authors: Noordeloos Machiel E.
Published: March 2008

Descriptions are given of rare and/or new species to the Nordic Entoloma–fiora. One new species, viz. E. transvenosum is described from Denmark. Type–studies are given of Entoloma canosericeum (J. Lange) Noordeloos and E. hispidulum (M. Lange) Noordeloos. Several new names and new combinations are proposed.
The Aeollanthus abyssinicus group (Labiatae)
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

A revision is presented for the Aeollanthus abyssinicus group. Two new species, A. caudatus Ryding and A. namibiensis Ryding are described. A. lobatus N. E. Br., A. stuhlmannii Giirke, A. abyssinicus Hochst. ex Benth. and A. pinnatifidus Hochst. ex Benth. are also treated. Typifications, descriptions, notes on distribution and habitat, maps and keys are provided for all species. The structures of pericarp and testa are studied in detail in all species.
Some gasteromycetes from Northern Thailand
Authors: Ellingsen Hans–Jørgen
Published: March 2008

11 species of gasteromycetes are recorded from Thailand. 8 are new to the area, viz. Arcangeliella rosea (Harkn.) Zeller & Dodge, Cyathus berkeleyanus (Tul.) Lloyd, Hymenogaster cf. abellus Massee & Rodw., Morganella compacta (Cunn.) Kreisel & Dring, Mutinus bambusinus (Zoll.) Fischer, Nidula niveo–tomentosa (Henn.) Lloyd, Phallus rubicundus (Bosc) Fr., Scleroderma sinnamariense Mont. Further a compiled check–list of the gasteromycetes known from Thailand is provided.
Ramosmania, a new monotypic genus of Mascarene Rubiaceae
Authors: Tirvengadum Deva Duttun
Published: March 2008

A new rubiaceous genus Ramosmania from Rodrigues, Mauritius, is described and illustrated. A new combination R. heterophylla (Balf. f.) Tirvengadum & Verdcourt is made. The taxon believed to be extinct has been refound.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 23. New taxa and combinations in Fimbristylis Vahl II
Authors: Lye Kàre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Two new subspecies, Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl ssp. pallescens Lye and F. miliacea (L.) Vahl ssp. macroglumis Lye, are described and illustrated from East Africa. In addition two new combinations are made, viz. F. complanata (Retzius) Link ssp. keniaeensis (Kükenthal) Lye and F. ferruginea (L.) Vahl ssp. sieberiana (Kunth) Lye.
Myxomycetes from Thailand
Authors: Siwasin Jongjin , Ing Bruce
Published: March 2008

Thirty–four species of mycomycetes are reported, mostly from northern Thailand, of which sixteen are new records for Thailand. Cribraria rufa is reported from tropical latitudes for the first time.
Parmeliopsis esorediata comb.nov. in South Norway
Authors: Nordnes Jon
Published: March 2008

The lichen Parmeliopsis esorediata (Degel.) Nordnes comb. nov. has been rediscovered. It is now known from the subalpine region of three counties in South Norway.
Leaf volatiles from Thymus vulgaris, T. serpyllum, T. praecox, T. pulegioides and T. x citriodorus (Labiatae)
Authors: Lundgren Lennart , Stenhagen Gunnar
Published: March 2008

Wound–emitted leaf volatiles in soe species of Thymus were analysed. Fresh shoots without flowers were used. The volatiles were isolated by adsorption on a porous polymer (Tenax GC). The emitted components were separated by a capillary gas chromatograph modified to give reproducible retention time values. The identifications are based on mass spectra and retention time values of reference compounds. The results indicate the mildness of the method used. This is one part of the methodological work of an investigation concerning the biochemical background of pest and disease resistance in plants. Attention is drawn to the urgent need in resistance breeding for a taxonomic survey of the intraspecific allelochemic multitude.
Chromosome numbers and taxonomy in Cryptocoryne (Araceae). II
Authors: Arends J. C. , Bastmeijer J. D. , Jacobsen N.
Published: March 2008

Chromosome numbers for 38 species of Cryptocoryne are reported, 16 of which have not been reported earlier. About 90% of the species of Cryptocoryne have now been investigated cytologically. On the basis of chromosome numbers, morphology, and distribution, it is possible to distinguish some 24 groups within the species investigated. The chromosome numbers represent a heteroploid series which is based on the (secondary) base numbers 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, and 18. Evidence is given that 2n = 36 is the more primitive one. Evolution on the chromosome level has most likely gone in the direction of a reduction in numbers. Two new species, Cryptocoryne amicorum De Wit & N. Jacobsen and C. keei N. Jacobsen, are described.
Wajira gen. et sp. nov. (Leguminosae) from Kenya
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Wajira albescens Thulin (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae–Phaseoleae–Phaseolinae) is described as a new monotypic genus confined to the arid bushlands of E Kenya.
The Australian species of Archidendron
Authors: Nielsen Ivan
Published: March 2008

Nine species of Archidendron are enumerated for Australia. Two species, A. hir–sutum and A. whitei are described as new. Four new combinations A. grandiflorum (Soland. ex Benth.) Nielsen, A. hendersonü (F. v. Muell.) Nielsen, A. muelleranum (Maid. & R. T. Baker) Nielsen and/4, lovelliae (F. M. Bailey) Nielsen are proposed.
Structure and development of the air–pores in Ricciocarpus natans
Authors: Kronestedt Eva
Published: March 2008

The organization and development of air–pores in Ricciocarpus natans is presented here in detail for the first time. The study was done by light microscopy and electron microscopy.

The mature air–pore consists of three kinds of cells: 1) aperture cells, 2) intermediate cells, and 3) supporting cells. These cells limit a subporal cavity. The aperture cells and intermediate cells are small and flattened with degenerated cell contents. Towards the subporal cavity the cell walls are thickened. The supporting cells are similar to the usual epidermal cells.

The air–pores originate by the separation of epidermal cells adjacent to the growing point. The cells surrounding the opening divide unequally. They give rise to the supporting cells and mother cells that divide to yield the aperture cells and the intermediate cells. Part of the walls of these two kinds of cells become thickened, and their cell content disintegrates subsequently. These two circumstances cause their collapsed cell shape.
Agaricales found in the Godhavn area, W Greenland
Authors: Lamoure D. , Lange M. , Petersen P. Milan
Published: March 2008

The agaric flora of the Godhavn region (W Greenland 69°15′–69°30'N) was studied by the authors in 1967, 1970–72, and 1977. 1125 collections were made and 150 taxa were recognized. It was found that the fungus flora varied very much in the different seasons. The authors attempt to join their experience from studies in other arctic and alpine areas. In total, the check–list shows that there is a large degree of similarity between the agaric flora of the Godhavn area and that of the Alps and the Scandinavian mountains, while the similarity with the European lowland flora is less than earlier assumed. A bibliography of the relevant literature is appended.
The major pigment composition of different strains of Oscillatoria (Cyanophyta) recorded in vivo by a modified Shibata technique
Authors: Klaveness Dag , Skulberg Olav M.
Published: March 2008

The pigmentation of five strains of Oscillatoria bornetii and four strains of Oscillatoria agardhii/rubescens were surveyed in vivo by spectrophotometry. The O. bornetii strains are very homogeneous with regard to qualitative pigment composition, but strain differences with regard to relative pigment content are remarkable. The O. agardhii/rubescens complex is variable, especially with regard to phycoerythrin content. In vivo pigment techniques may be promising as an additional, simple tool in blue–green algal taxonomy.
Festuca brachyphylla, F. saximontana and related species in North America
Authors: Frederiksen Signe
Published: March 2008

American material of Festuca brachyphylla Schult. & Schult., F. saximontana Rydb. and related species was studied. Based on morphology and anatomy F. brachyphylla was separated into three subspecies, two of which are only found in very restricted areas of the southern part of North America, one in California (ssp. breviculmis Frederiksen ssp. nov.) and one in Colorado and neighbouring states (ssp. coloraden–sis Frederiksen ssp. nov.). F. jenseni Gjaerevoll & Ryvarden was found to be the same as F. brachyphylla i.flavida Polun. and the forma level is chosen. F. brachyphylla var. groenlandica Schol. is raised to F. groenlandica (Schol.) Frederiksen. Within F. saximontana a new combination (f. saximontana Rydb. var. purpusiana Frederiksen & Pavlick) is made. American distribution of the taxa studied is mapped. A key including all the taxa has been prepared.
Taxonomy of Asaemia with notes on Stilpnophyton (Compositae–Anthemideae)
Authors: Bremer Kåre
Published: March 2008

Asaemia is a genus of one species with two subspecies from southern Africa. The nomenclature and systematic position of Asaemia and the related Stilpnophyton are discussed. Both genera are related to Athanasia. Asaemia minula (L. f.) Bremer and A. minuta ssp. inermis (Phillips) Bremer are new combinations. Stilpnophyton is typified by S. longifolium (Tfiunb.) Less.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 26. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl III
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Two new species and three new subspecies of Abildgaardia are described from East Africa, viz. Abildgaardia afroorientalis Lye, A. microcarpa Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. halophila Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. intermedia Lye, and A. densa (Wall.) Lye ssp. afromontana Lye. Thirteen new combinations are made, viz. A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye, A. heterostachya (Cherm.) Lye, A. oligostachys (A. Rich.) Lye, A. striaiella (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. wallichiana (Schultes) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. filiformis (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. brachyphylla (Cherm.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. pyriformis (Lye) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. yalingensis (Cherm.) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. congolensis (De Wild.) Lye, A. coleotricha (A. Rich.) Lye var. miegii (Bodard) Lye, A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye ssp. schoenoides (Kunth) Lye, and A. boeckeleriana (Schweinf.) Lye var. transiens (K. Schum.) Lye.
Evidence from nucleic acid and protein chemistry, in particular serology, in angiosperm classification
Authors: Fairbrothers David E.
Published: March 2008

Semantides, or information carrying molecules, are divided into primary semantides (DNA), secondary semantides (RNA), and tertiary semantides (proteins), with pro–teinaceous material proving to be the most useful in taxonomic and systematic research to date. The contributions to angiosperm classification from amino acid sequencing, DNA hybridization, and fraction I protein are still limited; however, serological data (600 taxa in 200 taxonomic publications) substantially (but unequally) influenced the most recent revisions of systems of classification presented by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Takhtajan, and Thorne. The analyses of semantides and amino acids have thus proven to be unequally useful in helping to understand evolution and phytogeny, and in contributing to classifications. The continuing incorporation of data from diverse disciplines into the development of systems of angiosperm classification makes multidisciplinary and multiauthor research (team research) more essential as we move into future research planning.
Some realignments in the dicotyledons
Authors: Cronquist Arthur
Published: March 2008

In discussing some ways in which my scheme of classification of dicotyledons differs from more traditional ones, I wish to call attention to McVaugh's principle regarding the delimitation of related larger and smaller groups, and to the fact that makers of general systems should not lose sight of phenetic definability as one of the goals in the organization of affinity–groups into formal taxa.

Daphniphyllum is best considered to form a family and order in the Hamamelidae, remote from the Euphorbiaceae. The Huaceae are best placed in the Violales, and Grubbia in the Ericales. The Surianaceae should be redefined to include Cadellia, Guilfoylia, and Stylobasium, as well as Suriana, and the family moved to the Rosales. Rhabdodendron should form a family in the Rosales. Anisophyllea and its immediate allies (Poga, Polygonanthus, and Combretocarpus) should be removed from the Rhizophoraceae and established as a family in the Rosales. Retzia should form a family in the Asteridae, but its ordinal position is still uncertain; the Gentianales or the Solanales seem more likely than the Lamiales. The Hippuridaceae, Calli–trichaceae, and Hydrostachyaceae should be grouped to form an order Callitrichales in the Asteridae near the Plantaginales.
Summary statement
Authors: Ehrendorfer Friedrich
Published: March 2008

The contributions to the symposium on “New evidence for relationships and modern classifications in angiosperms” (held on 22 Aug 1981 during the XIII International Botanical Congress in Sydney) are surveyed, the present situation of this field of research is outlined. A ± monophyletic origin of the angiosperms is supported. Evidence for relationships among major taxa is still fragmentary and yet enormously expanding; synthetic efforts therefore become more and more imperative. A comparison of current classifications reveals similarities and convergencies, but also many areas of divergence and uncertainty. Ways towards a generally acceptable and more natural system of angiosperms are suggested.
Further studies on Nephroselmis and its allies (Prasinophyceae). I. The question of the genus Bipedinomonas
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind
Published: March 2008

Based on a series of collections made in New Zealand it is concluded that Nephroselmis longifilis and Bipedinomonas pyriformis are identical species, for which the correct name is Nephroselmis pyriformis (N. Carter) comb. nov. A detailed examination by light and electron microscopy is given, using material from geographically widely separated areas, including Greenland, the North Sea, a shallow Danish Fiord, Thailand and New Zealand. N. pyriformis is a temperature– and halotolerant species, as shown by its known range of occurrence at temperatures from 2.3°C (West Greenland) to ca. 28°C (Thailand) and at salinities between 3 and 36%o. Features of fine structural interest include details of the scaly covering on the flagellar and cell surfaces, the former very similar to those on the flagella of Tetraselmis cordiformis, a quadriflagellate prasinophyte. Within the cell, the pyrenoid shows an unusual fine structure, being penetrated by a number of membrane–lined pockets, in which the membranes are continuous with thylakoids. N. pyriformis is compared with other members of the genus, and a list of the few known species is included.
Scolosanthus ekmanii (Rubiaceae) and Sapphoa ekmanii (Acanthaceae), two new species from Cuba
Authors: Borhidi Attila
Published: March 2008

Two remarkable new species were found in the collection of Erik Leonard Ekman: Scolosanthus ekmanü Borhidi sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) And Sapphoa ekmanü Borhidi sp. nov. (Acanthaceae).
Some tropical African Lobeliaceae. Chromosome numbers, new taxa and comments on taxonomy and nomenclature
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Chromosome numbers of 21 taxa in Lobelia L. and Cyphia Berg, are reported, the majority being new records. 2n = 18 in Cyphia is a new generic report. The new species Lobelia paludigena Thulin (Zaire), L. kundelungensis Thulin (Zaire), L. cheranganiensis Thulin (Kenya) and L. corniculata Thulin (Swaziland and Natal) are described. The distributions of these species, as well as of L. thermalis Thunb., are mapped. L. kalobaënsis E. Wimm. ex Thulin is validated. The new combinations L. trullifolia Hemsl. ssp. delicatula (Compton) Thulin and L. flaccida (Presl) A. DC. ssp. gnmvikii (T. C. E. Fries) Thulin are made. Typifications are provided for the following names: L. stuhlmannii Schweinf. ex Stuhlm., L. gregoriana Bak. f., L. fervens Thunb., L. anceps L. f. and L. depressa L. f.
Anatomy of the xeromorphic leaves of Allamanda neriifolia, Thevetia peruviana and Vinca minor (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Fjell Ingemar
Published: March 2008

The histology of the xeromorphic leaves of Allamanda nerüfolia, Thevetia peruviana and Vinca minor have been examined by LM and SEM. The most important xeromorphic characters in the leaves are thick and cutinized outer cell walls of the upper epidermis, a thick and in A. nerüfolia highly sculptured cuticle and in V, minor a two–layered palisade chlorenchyma and fiber bundles in the veins. A considerable variation occurs in characters not considered xeromorphic. The oxalate crystals in A. nerüfolia and T. peruviana differ conspicuously from each other both in shape and location. The nonarticulated laticifers are branched and located on both sides of the vascular strands in A. nerüfolia and T. peruviana, while they are unbranched and confined to the abaxial side of thehveins in V. minor. In addition attention was paid to the petiole appendages observed in the three species. When young these formations are secretory in A. nerüfolia and T. peruviana and consequently constitute colleters. The histological differentiation of the leaves is also briefly described.
Leuconema clavatulum gen. et sp. nov. (Leuconemataceae fam. nov.), a colourless blue–green alga (Nostocophyceae)
Authors: Kaas Hanne
Published: March 2008

A colourless epiphyte found on Cladophora dalmalica Kütz. from the Danish Wad–densea appears to be new to science. While referable to the blue–green algae (Nostocophyceae) it cannot be accommodated into any known genus. Consequently a new genus Leuconema, with Leuconema clavatulum as the type species, is proposed. The genus is placed in a new family, Leuconemataceae, the systematic position of which is discussed.

Inst. f. Sporeplanter, Univ. of Copenhagen, Ø. Farimugsgade 2D, DK–1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Sanblasia, a new genus of the Marantaceae
Authors: Andersson Lennart
Published: March 2008

Sanblasia dressleri is described from material from the Serranía de San Blas, E Panamá. The inflorescence has the general appearance of an Ischnosiphon, but the ovary is 3–ovulate, as in Calathea, and the bracteole is channeled and keeled, as in many species of Calathea, and in Pleiostachya.
A new species of Arthothelium from Norway
Authors: Coppins Brian , Tensberg Tor
Published: March 2008

Arthothelium norvegicum Coppins & Tonsb. sp. nov. is most closely related to A. ruanum (Massal.) Zwackh, but is morphologically, anatomically and ecologically distinct. It is known from one locality in Central Norway.
Further studies on Nephroselmis and its allies (Prasinophyceae). II. Mamiella gen. nov., Mamiellaceae fam. nov., Mamiellales ord. nov.
Authors: Moestrup øjvind
Published: March 2008

The marine prasinophycean flagellate presently known as Nephroselmis gilva has been examined, using both the type culture and material from temperate (Denmark, New Zealand) and tropical waters (Thailand). All cell surfaces are covered with unmineralized scales, two types on the body, two on the flagella including flagellar hairs. The detailed structure of the scales is described, using high power electron microscopy of detached positive–stained scales. Previously overlooked organelles within the cell include large numbers of extrusive bodies, a rare type of organelle in chlorophyll–a– and –b–containing organisms, and an eyespot. N. gilva differs profoundly from the type species of Nephroselmis, and is transferred to the new genus Mamiella. Mamiella gilva is closely related to Mantoniella squamata. Together with the genus Dolichomastix they form the new family, Mamiellaceae, a small group of marine flagellates of worldwide distribution.

The members of the new family probably represent the most primitive extant prasinophytes. When compared with other members of the class, its species stand out, particularly by the lack of small square or diamond–shaped scales on the flagella and cell body. It is suggested that the Mamiellaceae should be referred to a separate order, Mamiellales.
Punctelia colombiana sp. nov. (Parmeliaceae) from South America
Authors: Sérusiaux Emmanuël
Published: March 2008

Punctelia colombiana Serusiaux, a species apparently endemic to Colombia, is described as new. It is the only isidiate species in the genus with filiform conidia.
Three new species of the genus Iriplaris (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Brandbyge John
Published: March 2008

Three species, Triplaris dugandii Brandbyge, T. moyobambensis Brandbyge, and T. physocalyx Brandbyge, all from lowland Amazonian South America are described as new to science.
The genus Archidendron (Leguminosae – Mimosoideae)
Authors: Nielsen Ivan , Baretta–Kuipers Tine , Guinet Philippe
Published: March 2008

An account is given of the morphology and the taxonomy of the Asian, Australian and Pacific genus Archidendron (Leguminosae – Mimosoideae). A new infrageneric classification based on morphological data is presented, the genus being subdivided in 8 series. The phylogeny of the genus is discussed, the base of discussion being all available morphological, palynological and wood–anatomical characters. The presence/absence of stipules, the length of the staminal tube compared with that of the corolla–tube, the sessile/stipitate ovary(–ies), the morphology of the pods and the wood–anatomy have been particularly useful in determining the evolutionary trends within the genus. Analyses of the geographical range of selected character states are presented. The data suggest a Central – W. Malesian origin of the genus. The series endemic to the E. Malesian – Australian area have probably evolved more recently. The pluricarpellate condition of the flowers in several species endemic to the E. Malesian and Australian area is considered to be a derived character state. The following new taxa are proposed: Ser. Calycinae Nielsen, ser. Ptenopae Nielsen, ser. Bellae Nielsen, Archidendron falcatum Nielsen, A. cockburnii Nielsen, A. sabahense Nielsen, A. fagifolium (Bl. ex Miq.) Nielsen var. borneense Nielsen, A. kunsrteri (Prain) Nielsen subsp. ashtonii Nielsen, A. ellipticum (Bl.) Nielsen subsp. cordifoliolatum Nielsen. New combinations are proposed in the Malesian species formerly referred to Abarema, Zygia and Morolobium by Kostermans. Keys to and an enumeration of the species are presented.
Description of dictyostelid cellular slime mold species in Norway
Authors: Frøyen Ove Johan , Langvad Finn
Published: March 2008

Ten different species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds were found in Norway, namely Dictyostelium mucoroides Brefeld, D. sp. 1, D. sp. 2, D. aureo–stipes Cavender, Raper & Quinlan, D. fasckulatum Traub, Hohl & Cavender, D. sp. 3, D. minutum Raper, Polysphondylium violaceum Brefeld, P. pallidum Olive and Acylo–stelium leptosomum Raper & Quinlan. D. mucoroides included two varieties, D. sp. 1 and D. sp. 2 are probably related to D. septentrionalis Cavender and D. sphaerocephalum (Oud.) Sacc. & March respectively and D. sp. 3 is probably a new species.

Two different spore types, characterized by the presence or absence of ribosomes on the outer mitochondrial membranes, were revealed by transmission electron microscopic studies. This property was related to other properties such as the presence or absence of polar spore granules (PG) and the aggregative responses of the amoebae towards cAMP.
Variation in distribution and biomass of marine benthic algae off Kulien, S Sweden
Authors: Kornfeldt Ruth–Aimée
Published: March 2008

Samples of the macrobenthic flora were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 m below mean water level at Kullen, S Sweden. The frequency, length, reproductive pattern and biomass of the commonest species, and the variations of these with depth and season are discussed. The species composition and the size of the plants indicate that the flora is strongly affected by the brackish environment. Only few species contributed substantially to the total mean biomass (100.1 g dry wt 0.25 m–2): Fucus Serratus (56%), Laminaria digitata (7%), L. saccharina (4%), Furcellaria lumbricalis (14%), the Phyllophora species (5%) and Chondrus crispus (3%). Species with thin filamentous or sheet–like thalli made up the remaining ca. 11%. The contribution made by this group increased with depth from 1% at 2 m to 48% at 10 m. The mean biomass at each depth was strongly correlated to the irradiance. The seasonal variation in biomass followed that of the irradiance but with a lag. In winter and late summer the growth was also influenced by temperature and nutrient concentrations. The total biomass is delimited by the low and fluctuating salinity in Öresund.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Perdicium (Compositae ‐Mutisieae)
Authors: Hansen Hans V.
Published: March 2008

In connection with a revision of Gerbera L. nom. cons. in Africa the genus Perdicium L. is revised. The genus includes two species, P. capense L. and P. leiocarpum DC. in the Western Cape Region of South Africa.
Biosystematics of Gracilaria foliifera (Gigarthales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Guiry Michael D. , Freamhainn Mella T. ‐
Published: March 2008

Strains of Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskål) Børgesen isolated into culture from Ireland (where the species would appear to be introduced), England and the Atlantic coast of France were interfertile. Strains of G. foliifera from Texas and North Carolina, U.S.A. were similarly interfertile but did not cross with the European strains. The North Carolina strain was distinctly flattened in culture and superficially resembled G. foliifera from Europe whereas the Texas strain was terete or slightly flattened. Both of the American strains were interfertile with an isolate of G. tikvahiae McLa‐chlan from the type locality of this species in northern Nova Scotia, Canada. It seems likely from these data that G. foliifera is not represented on the coast of North America and that G. tikvahiae is a highly morphologically variable species widely distributed from Nova Scotia south to the Caribbean. Examination of type material of Gracilaria foliifera and G. multipartita (Clemente) Harvey, together with phyto‐geographical considerations, suggests that the species known as G. foliifera on eastem Atlantic masts should be known as G. rnultipartita, and that G. foliifera s. str. is probably confined to the Red, Arabian, and Indian Seas.
A new species of Pegolettia (Compositae ‐ Inuleae) from Namibia
Authors: Anderberg Arne
Published: March 2008

The new species Pegolettia gariepina A. Anderb. from Namibia and the northwestern part of South Africa is described. An illustration and a distributionmap is also provided.
Mallomonas fenestrata sp. nov. and M. perforata sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) from tropical lakes
Authors: Cronberg Gertrud , Hickel Barbara
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Mallomonas (Chrysophyceae, Mallomonadaceae) are described from tropical lakes. M. fenestrata sp. nov. was found in Lago Tupé (Brazil) and M. perforata sp. nov. in Lake Danau Bratan (Indonesia), Negril ponds (Jamaica) and Marondera ponds (Zimbabwe).
Fritillaria rixii (Liliaceae), a new species from Euboea, Greece
Authors: Zaharof Eugenia
Published: March 2008

A new Fritillaria species, F rixii, with yellow flowers is described from the island Euboea, Greece. Comparison on some metric variables revealed that the species is closer morphologically to F. drenowskii Degen. & Stoj. and very different from F. euboeica Rix, although the new taxon is connected with the latter through some intermediate forms.
Two new species of Clavija (Theophrastaceae) from NW South America
Authors: Ståhl Bertil
Published: March 2008

Two new species are described, viz. Clavija repanda from Ecuador (prov. Loja) and C. minor from Colombia (dept. Santander). Floral biology and the subdioecious nature of the two species are briefly discussed.
The genus Physcia in East Africa
Authors: Moberg Roland
Published: March 2008

Twenty‐one species of the lichen genus Physcia (s. str.) in East Africa are treated. Their morphology, chemistry, distribution, habitat and relation to other taxa are discussed. Section Atrae and five species are described as new; P. atrostriata, P. erumpens, P. krogiae, P. undulata and P. verrucosa. The structure of the lower cortex is divided into six different types and the types of soralia have been classified in two main groups with some sub‐groups.
Light and electron microscopical observations on the heterotrophic protist Thaumatomastix salina comb. nov. (syn. Chrysosphaerella salina) and its allies
Authors: Beech Peter L. , Moestrup Øjvind
Published: March 2008

The marine flagellates presently known as the chrysophytes Chrysosphaerella salina and C. tripus Takahashi & Hara have been refound and studied with light microscopy and whole mounts for electron microscopy. Based on material from Australia and Denmark (the latter from the type locality), C. salina is shown to be a colourless protist related to Reckertia sagittifera Conrad. It is characterized by a combination of flagellar features previously thought to be restricted to Reckertia, i.e. a short anterior flagellum which is scale‐clad, and a longer, usually posterior but naked flagellum. The scales on the body are shown to be silicified. The new light microscopical studies have also shown considerable resemblance between C. salina, C. tripus and the genus Thaumatomastix Lauterborn. C. salina and C. tripus are therefore transferred to this genus together with Reckertia and the 2 marine species described since 1980 as belonging to Chrysosphaerella, C. triangulata Balonov and C. patelliformis Takahashi & Hara. Thaumatomastix bipartita sp.nov. is illustrated and described.

Chrysosphaerella appears to be a genus of photosynthetic, colony‐forming chrysophytes restricted to freshwater habitats. Thaumatomastix is a genus of heterotrophic protists, usually solitary, which occurs in both marine and freshwater environments. The two genera show little, if any, phylogenetic relationship to each other.
Taraxacum discretum sp. nov. (Compositae)
Authors: Øllgaard H.
Published: March 2008

All specimens previously determined as Taraxacum laetiforme Dahlst. outside northern Jutland, Denmark, differ distinctly from the type material and description of T. laetiforme, yet forming one clear taxon, described here as Taraxacum discretum sp. nov. The specific characteristics of T. discretum and T. laetiforme are given in a table and a key. Information on the ecology and distribution of T. discretum is given. So far, T laetiforme s. str. is only known from northern Jutland.
Two new orchids from Orissa, India
Authors: Misra Sarat
Published: March 2008

Bulbophyllum panigrahianum sp. nov. and Liparis vestita Reichb. f. ssp. seidenfadenii ssp. nov. are described here as new to science.
The lichen genera Lasallia and Umbilicaria in East Africa
Authors: Krog Hildur , Swinscow T. D. V.
Published: March 2008

Three species of Lasallia Mérat and nine species of Umbilicaria Hoffmann are reported from the East African mountains, their vegetative propagules, chemistry, ecology, and distribution are discussed and keys to them are provided. The new combinations Umbilicaria africana (Jatta) Krog & Swinscow, U. soralifera (Frey) Krog & Swinscow, and U. umbilicarioides (B. Stein) Krog & Swinscow are made. Umbilicaria bolusiana Frey, U. haumaniana Frey and U. propagulifera (Vainio) Llano are reduced to synonymy with U. umbilicarioides, and U. glauca var. ruwenzoriensis Frey to synonymy with Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano.
Further reports on the brown Parmeliaceae of southern Africa
Authors: Esslinger Theodore L.
Published: March 2008

Three previously unknown members of the lichen genus Neofuscelia Essl. are described: N. esterhuyseniae Essl., N. nonreagens Essl., and N. pseudoloriloba Essl. New South African records for other members of the genus are given as well, and N. subimitatrix (Essl.) Essl. is reported from New Zealand for the first time. Apothecia of the recently described South African genus Almbornia Essl. have been observed for the first time and they are typically parmeliaceous.
The cytology and ultrastructure of zoospores of Hydrurus foetidus (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Hoffman Larry R. , Vesk Maret , Piekett‐Heaps Jeremy D.
Published: March 2008

The unusual tetrahedral shape of Hydrurus foetidus (Vill.) Trev. zoospores is associated with a complex skeletal system of microtubules extending from a broad flagellar root (up to 19 microtubules) into each of three, pointed anterior processes. The posterior end, also pointed and supported by a separate set of microtubules, contains a single large chloroplast with a prominent posterior furrow containing mitochondrial elements. A large immersed pyrenoid is penetrated by paired thylakoids. There is no eyespot. Numerous large Golgi bodies occur immediately anterior to the nucleus and up to 5–6 contractile vacuoles lie near the cell surface at the anterior end. Two terminally inserted flagella extend from the cell surface, a long one serving for cell locomotion, and the other vestigial with an axonemal pattern of 9+0. The flagellar root system consists of: (1) a thin, striated rhizoplast extending from the basal body of the long flagellum and ramifying over the surface of a conspicuous, anteriorly directed, conical projection of the nucleus; (2) a broad microtubular root which emanates from near the basal body of the long flagellum and appears to function as a MTOC; (3) a compound root, consisting of a striated fiber and two associated microtubules, which runs alongside the basal body of the stubby flagellum before terminating at the cell surface; and (4) a short two‐membered microtubular root, also associated with the basal body of the stubby flagellum. Other components of the flagellar apparatus include a large dense body near the proximal end of the basal body of the short flagellum, and a small, dense, core‐like structure closely associated with one of its triplet fibers. The flagellar apparatus of H. foetidus is remarkably similar in ultrastructure to that of Chrysonebula holmesii Lund.
Pollen stainability variation in the apomictic blackberry, Rubus nessensis (Rosaceae)
Authors: Nybom Hilde
Published: March 2008

Pollen quality was assessed with cotton blue staining in an apomictic blackberry, Rubus nessensis W. Hall, on plants grown outdoors in a random arrangement under uniform conditions. Significant variation between populations may be attributed mainly to genetical factors. Most of the variation found between plants, sometimes even between ramets, within a population must, however, be environmentally caused, likewise the variation between flowers within the same plant.
New and interesting cases of conjugating desmids from Lapland
Authors: Coesel P. , Delfos A.
Published: March 2008

A number of desmid samples collected in Lapland appeared to be remarkably rich in zygospores. The spore morphology of Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. ex Arch., Cosmarium tumidum Lund., C. isthmochondrum Nordst., Staurastrum dilatatum Ehr. ex Ralfs, Actinotaenium wollei (W. & G. S. West) Teil. ex Růž. & Pouz. and A. didymocarpum (Lund.) comb, nov., either when hitherto unknown or requiring a critical discussion is extensively treated. A new species, Cosmarium taxillus (with zygospores) is described.

Repeatedly recorded incidences of a disturbed zygospore development and the grey to black pigmentation of the mesosporium are discussed in connection with the possible effect of habitat factors.
Initial establishment of vegetation in a man‐made coastal area in Denmark
Authors: Hansen Kjeld , Vestergaard Peter
Published: March 2008

A man‐made coastal area (8 km long, 300 m wide), constructed from seed‐free, marine sand was investigated from 1978 to 1983 as regards relief, soil properties, and establishment of vegetation.

The following developments were apparent:

The outer shore zone changed from a Cakile‐dominated vegetation to a sparse and less diverse vegetation.

The inner shore zone maintained spontaneous Ammophila as dominant and developed into a mobile dune with changing species.

The outer dune slope with planted Ammophila developed into a mobile dune dominated by vigorous Ammophila.

The dune zone with planted Ammophila: The outer part developed towards a somewhat fixed dune with increasing diversity. The inner part developed into a diverse and more fixed dune community with mainly Festuca rubra.

The inner dune slope developed into a vegetation comprising few species.

The grassland zone, initially sown with Festuca rubra and Lolium perenne, changed into a grass‐herb‐vegetation dominated by Festuca rubra, with a slowly increasing number of immigrating species, changing from annuals to perennials, in particular species of Fabaceae and Hippophaë.
Morphology and taxonomy of Stephanodiscus vestibulis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Håkansson H. , Theriot E. C. , Stoermer E. F.
Published: March 2008

A new species Stephanodiscus vestibulis is described from an eutrophic, hardwater habitat in western North America. Under the light microscope it resembles, and has perhaps been confused with, certain other small species of the genus. Structural features of the valve resolved by SEM, however, show that it is unique. The new species is particularly characterized by arch‐like vestibules over the external openings of the marginal strutted processes. Other features include central and marginal strutted processes with three satellite pores, internally domed criba on the puncta and a single labiate process.
Orthaea (Ericaceae‐Vaccinieae): New species and redefinition of the genus
Authors: Luteyn J. L.
Published: March 2008

A historical review of Orthaea is provided and the present generic concept is amplified to include Empedoclesia and Lysiclesia. A key to the 31 recognized species is given. Orthaea paniculata, O. glandulifera, O. oedipus, and O. coriacea are described as new. New combinations are Orthaea caudata, O. minor, O. panamensis, O. brachysiphon, and O. stipitata.
Coelidium flavum, a new species of Fabaceae‐Liparieae from the Cape Province
Authors: Granby Rut
Published: March 2008

The new species Coelidium flavum, a relative of C. ciliare, is described. It is distinct in the broader, ovate, strongly convex leaves, the pubescent calyx tube, and in having the filaments fused for only ca. 1 mm at the base.
The cellular structure of the Hartig net: coenocytic and transfer cell‐like organization
Authors: Kottke I. , Oberwinkler F.
Published: March 2008

The organization of the Hartig net in the mature state was studied in mycorrhizas of Amanita muscaria (Pers. ex. Fries) Hook. Picea abies (L.) Karst. grown in vitro. The tips of the fan‐like branched hyphae contain dense cytoplasm with a large number of mitochondria and rER frequently stretched in the direction of the hyphal growth, indicating that active transfer of solutes between host and fungus is localized here. Lack of septation of the hyphae and their intimate juxtaposition, leaving no space in between, result in a coenocytic, transfer cell‐like structure of the Hartig net. The multinucleate status of the cells is shown. The advantage of this organization for nutrient exchange between host and fungus and for nutrient transport within the hyphal system is discussed.
Cold‐tolerant (psychrotrophic) moulds and blue stain fungi from softwood in Sweden. Growth rates in relation to pH and temperature
Authors: Land Carl Johan , Banhidi Zoltan G. , Albertsson Ann‐Christine
Published: March 2008

Seventy isolates of moulds and blue stain fungi (Zygomycota and Deuteromycota), isolated from discoloured outdoor softwood in Sweden, comprising of 27 different species, (the two largest genera Penicillium and Cladosporium) were investigated for their linear growth at three different start‐pH values (5, 7 and 9.5) at two temperatures (2°C and 24°C) on malt extract agar (MEA). At 24°C all isolates showed growth at all three start‐pH values except for one isolate which did not grow at initial‐pH 9.5. After 21 days at 2°C at the three start pH‐values, only six isolates showed no growth indicating that 64 of the isolates were cold‐tolerant (psychrotrophic). Of these 64 strains, 58 showed growth at an initial pH of 9.5. Lower pH optima at 2°C than at 24°C were found for most of the isolates. The reduction of the linear growth at initial pH 9.5 in relation to the growth at optimal pH was more pronounced (higher) at the low temperature.