bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhinologic Issues in Pregnancy
Authors: Goldstein Gregg , Govindaraj Satish
Published: August 2013

The diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, and epistaxis during pregnancy present unique challenges to the otolaryngologist. Poorly controlled sinonasal disease may have significant adverse effects on the mother's quality of life and pregnancy outcomes and the lack of adequately controlled safety data limits the clinician's ability to make informed decisions about management. At the conclusion of this discussion, the reader should be familiar with the available literature and evidence-based guidelines regarding the safety and indications for radiographic imaging, clinical testing, medical intervention, and surgical treatment of sinonasal disease in pregnant patients. A review was performed of pertinent guidelines regarding the management of gestational rhinitis, sinusitis, and epistaxis, including the diagnostic and therapeutic limitations and physiological changes specific to pregnancy. A study population of four patients was analyzed to highlight the steps of management by reviewing the patient charts including pertinent history, physical examination, clinical course, and operative reports. Two patients with epistaxis and two patients with rhinosinusitis ranging from 27 to 38 years of age and between 16 and 35 weeks gestation were analyzed. The treatment of sinonasal disease during pregnancy is challenging and a thorough knowledge of the available medical evidence and treatment guidelines is necessary to optimize pregnancy outcomes. When the severity of disease precludes the possibility of delaying treatment, the clinician should provide a limited intervention that optimizes the mother's health without placing the fetus at significant risk.
Displaced Nasal Dilator Caused Severe Pain: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jungmark Eva M. , Ellegård Eva K.
Published: August 2013

Internal nasal dilators are widely used but have not been reported to cause severe symptoms. We describe a case in which a male adult had accidentally, during sleep, inhaled a nasal dilator into his right nasal cavity, and we review the relevant literature. A PubMed search was performed of nasal dilators, especially of the internal types, including “Nasaline Snooze'” (ENTPro, Stockholm, Sweden). A foreign body in adults may be an inhaled nasal dilator. It may be overlooked on computed tomography scans, and thorough inspection of the nose is diagnostic.
Idiopathic Sclerosing Inflammation Presenting as Sinusitis
Authors: Barham Henry P. , Dishop Megan K. , Prager Jeremy D.
Published: August 2013

Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation is a rare finding that is poorly delineated, immune mediated, and causes severe symptoms and disability. It has been described affecting the orbit in addition to other sites within the head and neck, but has rarely been described presenting as sinusitis. A case report and literature review were performed. A 14-year-old girl with right-sided face and eye pain and pressure for >1 month presented 3 days after endoscopic sinus surgery for presumed acute sinusitis. She subsequently developed ipsilateral vision loss and hypesthesia of the infraorbital nerve. MRI revealed a mildly enhancing soft tissue intensity lesion extending from the right maxillary sinus into the pterygopalatine fossa and orbital apex through the inferior orbital fissure. Biopsy specimens of the lesion were consistent with a sclerosing inflammatory lesion. High-dose steroids led to rapid improvement in vision and pain; however, the patient was unable to tolerate steroid weaning because of recurrence of eye pain and headache. Repeat imaging showed progression of the lesion. Rheumatology was consulted and the patient's steroid therapy was altered and her medications were expanded to include azathioprine. The patient's symptoms improved and subsequent imaging showed a reduction in the size and extent of the lesion. Idiopathic sclerosing inflammation is characterized by primary, chronic, and immunologically mediated fibrosis. Patients typically have a poor response to corticosteroid treatment or radiotherapy. Immunosuppressive therapy in addition to corticosteroids is the recommended treatment.
Group 10 Allergens (Tropomyosins) from House-Dust Mites May Cause Covariation of Sensitization to Allergens from Other Invertebrates
Authors: Shafique Rubaba Hamid , Inam Muhammad , Ismail Muhammad , Chaudhary Farhana Riaz
Published: August 2013

Group 10 allergens (tropomyosins) have been assumed to be a major cause of cross-reactivity between house-dust mites (HDMs) and other invertebrates. Despite all of the published data regarding the epidemiology, percent IgE binding and level of sensitization in the population, the role of tropomyosin as a cross-reactive allergen in patients with multiple allergy syndrome still remains to be elucidated. Homology between amino acid sequences reported in allergen databases of selected invertebrate tropomyosins was determined with Der f 10 as the reference allergen. The 66.9 and 54.4% identities were found with selected crustacean and insect species, respectively, whereas only 20.4% identity was seen with mollusks. A similar analysis was performed using reported B-cell IgE-binding epitopes from Met e1 (shrimp allergen) and Bla g7 (cockroach allergen) with other invertebrate tropomyosins. The percent identity in linear sequences was higher than 35% in mites, crustaceans, and cockroaches. The polar and hydrophobic regions in these groups were highly conserved. These findings suggest that tropomyosin may be a major cause of covariation of sensitization between HDMs, crustaceans, and some species of insects and mollusks.
Cadaveric Analysis of Nasal Valve Suspension
Authors: Ho Bae Jung , Most Sam P.
Published: August 2013

This study was designed to measure the efficacy of a nasal valve suspension technique and determine the adequate traction length without creation of nasofacial fullness in a cadaveric model. Seven fresh frozen cadaveric heads were evaluated. Minimal cross-sectional (MCA) areas were measured with a transient-signal acoustic rhinometer (Ecco Vision; Hood Instruments, Pembroke, MA) before and after suspension. The adequate traction length, which did not cause obvious changes, was determined. Five millimeters of lateral nasal valve traction was determined to be the maximal traction achievable without creating facial fullness. After lateral nasal suspension, average MCA increased by 13.7%. Average distance to the MCA from the nostril changed from 1.57 to 1.76 cm. Postsuspension values were significantly higher than the presuspension values (p < 0.05). Nasal valve suspension with 5 mm of lateral traction has a significant impact on nasal valve area without obvious nasofacial changes.
A Rare Case of Respiratory Disorders Associated with Two Autosomal Recessive Diseases and Male Infertility
Authors: Mendeluk Gabriela Ruth , Costa Sergio López , Scigliano Sergio , Menga Guillermo , Demiceu Sergio , Palaoro Luis Alberto
Published: August 2013

The study of nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ultrastructure may contribute to the understanding of pathognomonic cases of male infertility associated with defects in sperm motility. This study was designed to report a particular case of male infertility, characterized by the association of two respiratory autosomal recessive genetic diseases (alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency [AAT-D] and primary ciliary dyskinesia [PCD]). A 39-year-old patient with complete sperm immotility, AAT-D, and bronchiectasis was studied in the Laboratory of Male Fertility, the Department of Urology, the Respiratory Center of a Pediatric Hospital, and in the Department of Clinical Medicine of a Rehabilitation Respiratory Hospital. Family history, physical examination, hormonal analysis, microbial assays, semen analysis, nasal ciliary function, and structure study by digital high-speed video photography and transmission electron microscopy are described. A noninvasive nasal biopsy to retrieve ciliated epithelium lining the inferior surface of the inferior nasal turbinates was performed and CBF was determined. Beat pattern was slightly curved and rigid, not wide, and metacronic in all the observed fields analyzed. CBF was 8.2 Hz in average (reference value, 10–15 Hz) Ultrastructural assay revealed absence of the inner dynein arms in 97% of the cilia observed. The final infertility accurate diagnosis was achieved by the study of nasal CBF and ultrastructure contributing to the patient health management and genetic counseling while deciding fatherhood. Beyond this particular case, the present report may open a new field of studies in male infertility, mainly in cases of asthenozoospermia.
Colliding Tumor of the Paranasal Sinus
Authors: Barham Henry P. , Said Sherif , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: August 2013

Sinonasal malignant neoplasms comprise only 3% of all head and neck malignancies. Synchronous and metachronous tumors of the head and neck have been described, but rarely have there been reports of a single tumor with two distinct histologies. Here, we describe a case of a sinonasal malignant neoplasm with two distinct histologies. A case report and literature review was performed. We present a case of paranasal sinus neoplasm involving two malignant cell types. An 83-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of symptoms suggestive of chronic sinusitis, which included nasal congestion and intermittent midface pressure. More recently, her symptoms progressed with the development of left-side epistaxis and she was found to have a mass in the left maxillary and ethmoid regions. A biopsy of the maxillary sinus mass revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). She underwent complete resection of the lesion through an extended endoscopic approach. Final pathological analysis showed a malignant neoplasm with two distinct malignant morphologies; a moderately differentiated SCC and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of head and neck malignancy depends on accurate tumor classification and staging. We present a case of a sinonasal tumor with two distinct malignant entities and review the available literature on the subject. Additionally, we discuss the etiologic theories and challenges in planning the optimal approach to management in this scenario.
In-office Balloon Dilation and Drainage of Frontal Sinus Mucocele
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Shukla Pratik A. , Choudhry Osamah J. , Eloy Jean Daniel , Langer Paul D.
Published: August 2013

Treatment of frontal sinus disease represents one of the most challenging aspects of endoscopic sinus surgery. Frontal sinus mucocele drainage may be an exception to the rule because in many instances, the expansion of the mucocele widens the frontal sinus recess and renders surgical drainage technically undemanding. Recently, there has been an increased interest in in-office procedures in otolaryngology because of patient satisfaction and substantial savings of time and cost for both patients and physicians. Similarly, the past few years have witnessed an increased use of balloon dilation devices in sinus surgery. Previously, we have described the in-office use of this device in treating patients who failed prior conventional frontal sinusotomy in the operating room. In this report, we describe our step-by-step in-office experience using this tool for drainage of a large frontal sinus mucocele.
Association of Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Recurrent Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Casselman Jason , Venglarcik John , Bludorn Matt , Chernin Leah , Swender David , Tcheurekjian Hiag , Hostoffer Robert
Published: August 2013

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a debilitating condition involving the skin and mucous membranes. It is commonly the result of adverse drug reactions but can also be caused by infections. A predisposition to recurrent viral infections, such as in the case of natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction, may manifest with virally induced SJS. We present this case to suggest a possible association between NK cell dysfunction and recurrent SJS. An 11-year-old girl presents with recurring erythema, erosion, and ulceration of oral and vaginal mucosa. Small fluid-filled bumps would appear, leading to blistering and later sloughing of mucosal tissue, and bleeding would ensue. Seven separate episodes have occurred over an 8-year period, with each episode being preceded by symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. NK cell function assays were performed and NK cell phenotyping was ordered. NK cell assays showed decreased NK cell cytotoxicity at all ratios of K562 target cells. NK cell surface expression evaluation showed an immature phenotype but normal overall numbers of NK cells. NK cells are a pivotal part of the innate immune system, and, among other things, provide defense of viral infection. This case represents the manifestation of recurrent SJS as a result the lack of protection from viral illness, usually provided by NK cells in the healthy immune system.
Immunotherapy in Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: The Controversy Continues. A Recent Review of Literature
Authors: Doellman Mary S. , Dion Gregory R. , Weitzel Erik Kent , Reyes Erika Gonzalez
Published: August 2013

Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS), also referred to as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), is a noninvasive, eosinophilic form of recurrent chronic allergic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis. AFS has distinct clinical, histopathological, and prognostic findings that differentiate it from other forms of sinusitis. The core pathogenesis and optimum treatment strategies remain debated. Concerns surround the use of immunotherapy for AFS because allergen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) induced by immunotherapy could theoretically incite a Gell and Coombs type III (complex mediated) reaction. Type I hypersensitivity is established by high serum levels of allergen-specific IgE to various fungal antigens and positive Bipolaris skin test results. Type III hypersensitivity is established by an IgG-mediated process defined by the presence of allergen-specific IgG that forms complexes with fungal antigen inducing an immunologic inflammatory response. These reveal the multiple immunologic pathways through which AFS can impact host responses. Recent literature establishing benefits of fungal immunotherapy and no evidence of type III-mediated reactions, severe local reactions, or delayed reactions, indicate that application of AFS desensitization is a reasonable therapeutic strategy for this difficult to manage entity. Our review should encourage further clinical acceptance of AFS desensitization because the existing literature on this subject shows benefits of fungal immunotherapy and no evidence of type III-mediated reactions, severe local reactions, or delayed reactions.
Cardiac Anesthesia - Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Chowdhury AYF Elahi
Published: August 2013

Cardiovascular Journal Volume 6, No. 1, 2013, Page 1-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i1.16107
Myocardial Edema Attenuation and Sphingosine- 1-Phosphate
Authors: Straus David
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Myocardial edema contributed to cardiac dysfunction in different clinical circumstances. The precise pathophysiology of myocardial edema and therapeutic interventions that target it have remained largely unexplored. The lysophospholipid, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) has been shown to decrease edema in the lung through modulation of pulmonary endothelial barrier function. We apply this agent to an isolated rat heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and examine its effects on subsequent myocardial edema formation. Methods: 18 isolated male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were used in this experiment. 3 served as nonischemic controls, 7 served as ischemic controls and 8 served as the intervention group. A 20 minute ischemic period was applied to all groups except the non-ischemic controls. In the intervention group, the rat hearts were given a 30mL bolus of 10nM S1P prior to ischemia. After completion, heart were histologically analyzed to evaluate the extent of myocardial edema. Results: In the non-ischemic controls there was 13.65% (+/- 0.73%) extracellular area and 84.56% (+/- 0.89%) intracellular area. In the ischemic controls there was 24.50% (+/- 3.92%) extracellular area and 74.11% (+/- 3.90%) intracellular area. In the S1P treatment group, there was 21.55% (+/- 2.6%) extracellular area and 76.77% (+/- 2.70%) intracellular area. These differences did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this experimental design we observed a non-significant trend in histologic myocardial edema in the S1P treatment group. We also observed a correlated trend in improved myocardial function in the S1P treatment group. Cardiovascular Journal Volume 6, No. 1, 2013, Page 47-51 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i1.16115
Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production
Authors: Pimentel David , Burgess Michael
Published: August 2013

Since humans worldwide obtain more than 99.7% of their food (calories) from the land and less than 0.3% from the oceans and aquatic ecosystems, preserving cropland and maintaining soil fertility should be of the highest importance to human welfare. Soil erosion is one of the most serious threats facing world food production. Each year about 10 million ha of cropland are lost due to soil erosion, thus reducing the cropland available for world food production. The loss of cropland is a serious problem because the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization report that two-thirds of the world population is malnourished. Overall, soil is being lost from agricultural areas 10 to 40 times faster than the rate of soil formation imperiling humanity’s food security.
A Low Power CMOS Imaging System with Smart Image Capture and Adaptive Complexity 2D-DCT Calculation
Authors: Gao Qing , Yadid-Pecht Orly
Published: August 2013

A novel low power CMOS imaging system with smart image capture and adaptive complexity 2D-Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is proposed. Compared with the existing imaging systems, it involves the smart image capture and image processing stages cooperating together and is very efficient. The type of each 8 × 8 block is determined during the image capture stage, and then input into the DCT block, along with the pixel values. The 2D-DCT calculation has adaptive computation complexity according to block types. Since the block type prediction has been moved to the front end, no extra time or calculation is needed during image processing or image capturing for prediction. The image sensor with block type decision circuit is implemented in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The adaptive complexity 2D-DCT compression is implemented based on Cyclone EP1C20F400C8 device. The performance including the image quality of the reconstructed picture and the power consumption of the imaging system are compared to those of traditional CMOS imaging systems to show the benefit of the proposed low power algorithm. According to simulation, up to 46% of power consumption can be saved during 2D DCT calculation without extra loss of image quality for the reconstructed pictures compared with the conventional compression methods.
Efficient Synthesis of Boron-Containing α-Acyloxyamide Analogs via Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Chai Chih-Cheng , Liu Pin-Yi , Lin Chia-Hung , Chen Hsien-Chi , Wu Yang-Chang , Chang Fang-Rong , Pan Po-Shen
Published: August 2013

In this report, a Passerini three-component reaction utilizing boron-containing carboxylic acids or aldehydes is discussed. The reaction was carried out in water and facilitated by the use of microwave irradiation. This methodology allowed for the efficient formation of a broad range of boron-containing α-acyloxyamides under mild conditions within a short time. Two series of boron-containing α-acyloxyamides were synthesized and subsequently screened for cytotoxicity using the MTT cell viability assay. Two potential lead compounds were found to have potent activity against the HepG2 cancer cell line, demonstrating the potential of this methodology for use in the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
Nano-Molar Deltamethrin Sensor Based on Electrical Impedance of PAH/PAZO Layer-by-Layer Sensing Films
Authors: Abegão Luís , Ribeiro Jorge , Ribeiro Paulo , Raposo Maria
Published: August 2013

This work reports a novel deltamethrin (DM) sensor able to detect nano-molar concentrations in ethanol solutions. The sensing layer consists of a thin film, obtained via a layer-by-layer technique, from alternate adsorption of poly(allylamine chloride) (PAH) and poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)-benzenesulfonamide)-1,2-ethanediyl]sodium salt] (PAZO) onto a solid support with interdigitaded gold electrodes. The sensor response, obtained from impedance spectroscopy measurements, was revealed to be linear with respect to the real part of impedance, taken at 100 Hz, when plotted as a function of the logarithm of deltamethrin molar concentrations in the micro- to nano-molar range. Sensor sensitivity was of 41.1 ± 0.7 kΩ per decade of concentration for an immersion time above 2 min and the reproducibility is approximately 2% in a binary solution of ethanol and deltamethrin. The main insight of this work concerns to DM detection limits as the sensor revealed to be able to detect concentrations below 0.1 nM, a value which is significantly lower than any reported in the literature and close what is appropriate for in situ environmental contaminant detection.
Earthworm-Derived Pore-Forming Toxin Lysenin and Screening of Its Inhibitors
Authors: Sukumwang Neelanun , Umezawa Kazuo
Published: August 2013

Lysenin is a pore-forming toxin from the coelomic fluid of earthworm Eisenia foetida. This protein specifically binds to sphingomyelin and induces erythrocyte lysis. Lysenin consists of 297 amino acids with a molecular weight of 41 kDa. We screened for cellular signal transduction inhibitors of low molecular weight from microorganisms and plants. The purpose of the screening was to study the mechanism of diseases using the obtained inhibitors and to develop new chemotherapeutic agents acting in the new mechanism. Therefore, our aim was to screen for inhibitors of Lysenin-induced hemolysis from plant extracts and microbial culture filtrates. As a result, we isolated all-E-lutein from an extract of Dalbergia latifolia leaves. All-E-lutein is likely to inhibit the process of Lysenin-membrane binding and/or oligomer formation rather than pore formation. Additionally, we isolated tyrosylproline anhydride from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces as an inhibitor of Lysenin-induced hemolysis.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Viral Proteins in Borna Disease Virus Infection
Authors: Honda Tomoyuki , Tomonaga Keizo
Published: August 2013

Nuclear import and export of viral RNA and proteins are critical to the replication cycle of viruses that replicate in the nucleus. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that belongs to the order Mononegavirales. BDV has several distinguishing features, one of the most striking being the site of its replication. BDV RNA is transcribed and replicated in the nucleus, while most other negative-strand RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BDV macromolecules plays a key role in virus replication. Growing evidence indicates that several BDV proteins, including the nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, protein X and large protein, contribute to the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of BDV ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The directional control of BDV RNP trafficking is likely determined by the ratios of and interactions between the nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals in the RNP. In this review, we present a comprehensive view of several unique mechanisms that BDV has developed to control its RNP trafficking and discuss the significance of BDV RNP trafficking in the replication cycle of BDV.
Technologies, ‘content’ and storytelling
Authors: Gourlay Lesley
Published: August 2013

We know the world through the stories that are told about it. (Denzin and Lincoln 2005: 641)Cousins and Bissar open the first paper of this issue with this resonant quote on the power and potency of narrative. As a point of departure for my first editorial for Research in Learning Technology, this seemed appropriate; a reflection on how – along with my fellow editors, our contributing authors and pool of reviewers – we have worked together to surface these six “stories” of research in this field. The notion of the research account (and indeed education itself) as a form of storytelling may be seen to run through the six apparently very different papers in the issue, as a range of authors from various contexts seek to make sense of complex practices, discourses and educational contexts surrounding technologies. The related theme of what constitutes “content,” and how it is managed, curated, shared and engaged with also seems to be woven throughout this issue.(Published: 8 August 2013)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2013, 21: 22393 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21i0.22393
RITA Inhibits Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Wang Haihe , Chen Guofu , Wang Hongzhi , Liu Chunbo
Published: August 2013

RBP-J-interacting and tubulin-associated (RITA) is a novel RBP-J-interacting protein that downregulates Notch-mediated transcription. The current study focuses on the antitumor effect of RITA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and aims to explore its molecular mechanism. Thirty
paired HCC and adjacent non-tumoral liver samples were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RITA overexpression was induced by transfection of a pcDNA3.1-Flag-RITA plasmid into HepG2 cells. RITA knockdown was achieved by siRNA transfection.
mRNA and protein expression of target genes were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Our results demonstrate that adjacent nontumoral liver samples exhibited increased RITA expression compared
to HCC tissues (p < 0.05); RITA levels were associated with tumor differentiation status. Overexpression of RITA suppressed cell proliferation and promoted early apoptosis, while its silencing promoted cell growth dramatically (p < 0.05). RITA overexpression upregulated
p53 and reduced cyclin E levels, whereas silencing of RITA had the opposite effect on p53 and cyclin E expression. Our in vitro results represent the first evidence that RITA might suppress tumor growth and induce apoptosis in HCCs, and may be a potent antitumoral agent for HCC treatment that
deserves further exploration.
Prolonged Disease Stability With Trabectedin in a Heavily Pretreated Elderly Patient With Metastatic Leiomyosarcoma of the Thigh and Renal Failure: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Galizia Danilo , Palesandro Erica , Nuzzo Anna Maria , Pignochino Ymera , Aliberti Sandra , Aglietta Massimo , Grignani Giovanni
Published: August 2013

Leiomyosarcoma represents about 24% of all soft tissue sarcomas and can originate from retroperitoneum, uterus, or extremities. Adequate local control may be achieved with surgery and radiotherapy. In the presence of unresectable metastases either doxorubicin- or gemcitabine-based chemotherapy
is the standard of treatment. Nevertheless, prognosis remains poor regardless of the selected chemotherapy regimen, and new effective therapeutic agents for patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma are needed. Trabectedin, a promising new DNA-damaging agent with a mechanism of action that is
different from that of traditional alkylating agents, is approved in Europe for the treatment of patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma, after failure of anthracyclines and ifosfamide, or who are unsuited to receive these agents and in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)
for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. We present a case of a 76-year-old patient with progressive metastatic lung lesions from a previously resected primary leiomyosarcoma of the thigh and moderate renal failure, who achieved 17 months of disease stability
during third-line treatment with trabectedin. Trabectedin was not associated with any cumulative toxicity and was consistently well tolerated for a total of 22 treatment cycles. Current evidence on trabectedin is also presented.
The Role of HOXA9 in Human Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xin , Liu Bin , Ji Wenyue , Ma Xiaolin , Wang Xinqi , Gu Hui
Published: August 2013

The present study was performed to investigate the expression of HOXA9 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its possible roles in the progression. The levels of HOXA9 mRNA and protein were evaluated in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Hep-2 cells were transfected with h-HOXA9-siRNA. CCK-8 was used to analyze cell proliferation. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to analyze cell cycle. The mobility of cells was tested by transwell migration assay. The expression of HOXA9 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than normal mucosa tissues. In in vitro experiments, downregulation of HOXA9 strongly inhibited cell growth in Hep-2 by arresting cells in G1phase (p< 0.05). Transwell migration assay showed that more HOXA9-negative cells migrated to the lower side of the membrane than positive ones (p< 0.01). HOXA9 acts as an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. It could promote the proliferation and migration of Hep-2 cells.
Human Liver Progenitor Cells for Liver Repair
Authors: Lombard Catherine A. , Prigent Julie , Sokal Etienne M.
Published: August 2013

Because of their high proliferative capacity, resistance to cryopreservation, and ability to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, stem and progenitor cells have recently emerged as attractive cell sources for liver cell therapy, a technique used as an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation in the treatment of various hepatic ailments ranging from metabolic disorders to end-stage liver disease. Although stem and progenitor cells have been isolated from various tissues, obtaining them from the liver could be an advantage for the treatment of hepatic disorders. However, the techniques available to isolate these stem/progenitor cells are numerous and give rise to cell populations with different morphological and functional characteristics. In addition, there is currently no established consensus on the tests that need to be performed to ensure the quality and safety of these cells when used clinically. The purpose of this review is to describe the different types of liver stem/progenitor cells currently reported in the literature, discuss their suitability and limitations in terms of clinical applications, and examine how the culture and transplantation techniques can potentially be improved to achieve a better clinical outcome.
Toward an accurate taxonomic interpretation ofCarexfossil fruits (Cyperaceae): A case study in sectionPhacocystisin the Western Palearctic
Authors: Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Martinetto Edoardo
Published: August 2013

•Premise of the Study:Despite growing interest in the systematics and evolution of the hyperdiverse genusCarex, few studies have focused on its evolution using an absolute time framework. This is partly due to the limited knowledge of the fossil record. However,Carexfruits are not rare in certain sediments. We analyzed carpological features of modern materials fromCarexsect.Phacocystisto characterize the fossil record taxonomically.

•Methods:We studied 374 achenes from modern materials (18 extant species), as well as representatives from related groups, to establish the main traits within and among species. We also studied 99 achenes from sediments of living populations to assess their modification process after decay. Additionally, we characterized 145 fossil achenes from 10 different locations (from 4–0.02 mya), whose taxonomic assignment we discuss.

•Key Results:Five main characters were identified for establishing morphological groups of species (epidermis morphology, achene–utricle attachment, achene base, style robustness, and pericarp section). Eleven additional characters allowed the discrimination at species level of most of the taxa. Fossil samples were assigned to two extant species and one unknown, possibly extinct species.

•Conclusions:The analysis of fruit characters allows the distinction of groups, even up to species level. Carpology is revealed as an accurate tool inCarexpaleotaxonomy, which could allow the characterization ofCarexfossil fruits and assign them to subgeneric or sectional categories, or to certain species. Our conclusions could be crucial for including a temporal framework in the study of the evolution ofCarex.
The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow
Authors: Baumann Marcus , Baxendale Ian R
Published: August 2013

Isothiocyanates are versatile starting materials for a wide range of chemical reactions. However, their high nucleophilic susceptibility means they are best prepared and used immediately. We report here on a flow platform for the fast and efficient formation of isothiocyanates by the direct conversion of easily prepared chloroximes. To expedite this chemistry a flow insert cartridge containing two immobilised reagents is used to affect the chemical transformation which typically eliminates the requirements for any conventional work-up or purification of the reaction stream.
Calcium absorption and bone density in immature horses fed two levels of crude protein
Authors: Spooner H.S. , Potter G.D. , Gibbs P.G. , Eller E.M.
Published: August 2013

Research in other animal models indicate that high protein diets increase urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and may lead to a negative Ca balance and reduced bone density. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two common levels of dietary protein intake on physiological parameters, Ca absorption, and bone density in immature horses. Sixteen 10-month old horses were blocked by age and sex into two dietary treatments. The control diet (C) was formulated using common ingredients to provide 100% of the National Research Council (NRC) for crude protein (CP), while the high protein diet (H) was formulated at 150% of NRC recommendations. Lower than expected dietary intake resulted in mean protein intake of 769±16 g/d in C and 978±18 g/d in H, equivalent to 91% and 116% of NRC, respectively. Blood, urine, and faeces were collected during the 112-day study to determine pH and mineral balance. Radiographs of the left third metacarpal were used to estimate bone density via radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Although urine pH decreased over time (P<0.001), no change in blood or urine pH was observed due to diet. Faecal pH, normalised to day 0, was significantly lower in H (P<0.02). Faecal Ca loss was greater in H (P<0.005); while Ca absorption and absorption as a percent of intake were lower for H (P<0.02). RBAE of dorsal and palmar cortices increased over time (P<0.001), but no differences were observed between diets. While excess dietary protein decreased faecal pH, increased faecal Ca excretion, and decreased Ca absorption, there appeared to be no effect on bone density over the course of this study.
Estimation of the workload in horses during an eventing competition
Authors: Valle E. , Odore R. , Zanatta P.R. , Badino P. , Girardi C. , Nery J. , Assenza A. , Bergero D.
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate workload using suitable parameters related to the physical effort exerted by horses involved in eventing competitions in order to describe the workload intensity and energy demands placed upon such horses. Heart rate (HR), running speed (S), distance covered (Dist), performance duration (D) and blood lactate (Lact) concentrations were measured in horses competing at either the intermediate level (IL) or advanced level (AL) in order to identify workload differences between experience classes. Ten warmblood horses were monitored during an official two-day eventing competition; mean HR (HRmean, bpm), maximum HR (HRmax, bpm), mean S (Smean, m/min), max S (Smax, m/min), D (min) and Dist (m) were assessed during the warm-up and competition phases of each eventing test (dressage, show jumping, cross country). To calculate heart rate recovery (HRR), HR data were collected within the first 3 minutes following the completion of each of the 3 competition phases. Energy expenditure (EE) was estimated using the HR/VO2 relationship. Differences between the groups (AL vs. IL) in HRmean, HRmax, %HRmean, %HRpeak (HR expressed as a percentage of the maximum HR peak obtained during a fast gallop training session), S, D, and Dist were assessed using one-tailed unpaired t-tests for both warmup and competition phases; also differences for EE were evaluated. The relationship between HR and S was also determined for warm-up and competition phases using one-tailed Person's correlations. The relationship between HR decrease during the first 3 min following competition phase completion and recovery time was investigated by multiple nonlinear curve estimation procedures. The results reveal the cross country test to be the most demanding of the eventing competition, requiring significantly greater levels of muscular and energetic effort, in terms of Lact production and EE, with higher values recorded in the AL horses compared to IL horses. The data also show that riders need to optimise warm-up duration and quality in accordance with their competition category. The calculation of HRR is also shown to be an appropriate approach for gauging workload after high-intensity exercise, but not after low-intensity exercise since HRR may be influenced by external factors, like how excited a horse is.
Critical load estimation in young swimming rats using hyperbolic and linear models
Authors: Gobatto C.A. , Scariot P.P.M. , Ribeiro L.F.P. , Manchado-Gobatto F.B.
Published: August 2013

We analysed the viability of critical load (CL) and anaerobic swimming capacity (ASC) estimation by different mathematical models and the effects of varying the number/intensity of predictive trials on these parameters in young swimming rats. After familiarised to swimming, 9 male animals had time to exhaustion (TEX) accessed in efforts against 9, 11, 13 and 15% of their body mass (bm). CL and ASC were calculated by the hyperbolic load vs. TEX (Hyp) as well as linear load vs. 1/TEX (Lin1) and load·TEX vs. TEX (Lin2) models. Moreover, parameters derived from the 11 possible combinations of 2, 3 or 4 efforts using the Lin1 regression were compared. The Lin1 model resulted in a lower R2 compared to Lin2 and Hyp methods (0.968±0.010 vs. 0.995±0.004 and 0.988±0.013; P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between models regarding CL (7.8±1.2, 7.9±1.1 and 7.8±1.0% bm) or ASC (526±129, 521±104 and 534±117% bm?s). Except for the atypical CL (1.4 ± 4.2% bm) and ASC (1079 ± 383% bm⋅s) from trials against 13 and 15% bm, varying the number/intensity of predictive bouts had no significant effects on parameter estimates. The observed viability and robustness of CL and ASC estimation by different mathematical models in young swimming Wistar rats suggest the load-time relationship as an interesting tool to investigate the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise tolerance in laboratory rodents.
Optimal Control for Three-Axle Vehicle's All-Wheel Steering
Authors: Tan Hui , Cui Sheng Min , Zhang Kun , Sun Ren Jie , Lin Ming Jin
Published: August 2013

In order to develop fieldwork car’s dynamic stability, a new control system for three-axle vehicle’s all-wheel steering is put forward. A nonlinear three degree of freedom (3-DOF) all-wheel steering model is built. The tire’s magic formula and the tire vertical load’s solving method based on displacement are applied to the model and the ideal yaw rate is given. Using feedforward and feedback control algorithm, a zero sideslip angle proportional feedforward and optimal feedback control system is designed. The system is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink platform and results show the vehicle’s dynamic stability is obviously developed.
Development and Application of Portable Mining Vibration Recorder
Authors: Xue Guang Hui , Zhang Jun , Ji Xiao Dong , Zhao Xin Ying
Published: August 2013

t has been a bottleneck for the application of vibration-related techniques in the coal mine that the vibration data cannot be acquired due to lack of mining vibration instrument. This paper discussed the development of a portable mining vibration recorder, introduced its overall scheme, as well as its hardware and software design in detail. The developed recorder is a coal mine intrinsically safety instrument based on ARM system, with features of 4 channels analog input, 2GB large volume storage memory, 250kHz sampling frequency, no less than 3.5h full-payload continuous working time with battery supply, fitted to record and deposit the vibration signal of the equipment in atmospheres with methane and coal dust explosive mixture. The authors carried out a series of testing application in ChengZhuang coal mine. The experimental results show that the data acquired by the recorder is true and valid. Study provides an instrumental basis of apparatus to carry out the supervision of machine based on vibration detection in coal mine.
Research on Mechanical Faults with Application of 1(1/2) Dimensional Spectrual Coupling Features in Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Wu Wen Bing , Yang Shu Qun
Published: August 2013

In mechanical engineering,although mechanical vibration is extremely complicated, each mechanical fault signal produced by it has its own inherent features. Three-order cumulant can reduce the Gaussian background noise automatically, its complex formal includes different coupling information of its signal, in the experiment, through these different coupling modes, the same coupling components are fetched from specific fault signal and normal signal, then these components are used to diagnose that certain mechanical fault. The results shows, the method can diagnose mechanical fault effectively.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Char from Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhang Chen Hong , Wang Tao
Published: August 2013

To fully utilize the residual of microwave-heated pyrolysis, the char was activated by vapor and used as adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich model were applied to adsorption for methylene blue, and the Freundlich gave a better fitting results. The high amount of adsorbent and temperature were favorable to adsorption, and the adsorbent showed high adsorption capacity in the pH range of 48. These results indicate the activated char have a greatly potential in treatment of dye wastewater.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Sliding Friction of Rigid Sphere with Single Crystal Copper Surface
Authors: Yang Xiao Jing , Yang Xiao Jiang
Published: August 2013

Using LAMMPS to establish the three-dimensional sliding friction model of the nanoscale diamond hemisphere with the single-crystal copper surface. Simulation and solving the process of sliding friction, research the micro-contact area atomic states change in sliding friction process, and study the friction characteristics change when the rigid sphere sliding on rough surface of the single crystal copper with minute projections. The results indicate that, in the sliding friction process, the lattice of substrate atoms are damaged under the forces of the extrusion which also cause corresponding dislocation and deformation. In the direction of the hemisphere movement, generate the pileup and side stream phenomena, and produce furrows. Friction and normal force rapidly increase with the depth of contact, and then enter into a stable sliding phase. For the thermal motion of atoms, formation of dislocations and the stick-slip effect, the curves of friction and normal force present waves of sawtooth. Small defect on surface of the substrate almost have no effect on the process of sliding friction.
Research and Development of Clean-Energy Vehicles
Authors: Yang Ting Jie
Published: August 2013

This article presents the research and development of all electric vehicle (EV) in Department of HumanRobotics Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan .Electric mobile systems developed in our laboratory include a converted electric automobile,electric wheelchair and personal mobile robot.These mobile system s contribute to realize clean transportation since energy sources an d devices from all vehicles,i.e.,batteries and electric motors,does not deteriorate the environment.To drive motors for vehicle traveling,robotic technologies were applied.
Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol over Oxidized Activated Carbon
Authors: Yang Guo , Liu Xing Yong , Wang Fu Tao
Published: August 2013

A commercial activated carbon was oxidized with nitric acid to tailor the structure of pore and adjust the distribution of surface functional groups. The textual properties of catalysts was characterized using N2adsorption, and Boehm titration was applied to quantitative analysis of the functional groups on activated carbon surface. The catalytic activity of modified activated carbon was performed by trickle bed at specific temperature and pressure. The oxidized activated carbon displayed lower removal rate for phenol. This phenomenon was reasonably interpreted by small specific surface area and increase in oxygen-containing surface functional groups. The catalytic activity test showed that higher reaction temperature and higher oxygen partial pressure were favorable for phenol conversion.
Surface Chemical Modification and Characterization of Nano Fe2O3
Authors: Liu Yan , Ge He Yi , Zhang Xiu Zhi , Huang Shi Feng , Cheng Xin
Published: August 2013

The surface of nanoFe2O3 was modified with silane coupling agent 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570) under acidic conditions in order to improve the dispersity of particles in organic polymer and to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix. Contact angle measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were adopted to characterize and analyze the unmodified and modified nanoFe2O3. Through TG curves, it was calculated that when the KH-570 content was 25%, the grafting rate of Fe2O3 reached a maximum value at 7.28%. The FT-IR and XRD results indicated that KH-570 successfully modified the nanoFe2O3 with its organic functional groups chemically bonded on the surface of nanoFe2O3 which contributed to prevent particles from conglomerating. The surface treatment of nanoFe2O3 had no significant effect on the nanoparticles crystalline form. Contact angle measurement investigated that the hydrophile of modified nanoFe2O3 was decreased.
Simulation of Graded Band-Gap PIN nc-Si Thin-Film Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Ming Kun
Published: August 2013

Using AMPS-1D program package, graded band-gap PIN nc-Si Thin-film Solar Cells is simulated. The results show that the graded band gap of intrinsic layer not only enhances the absorption of sunlight but also promote the collection of the photo-generated carriers. The increasing graded band gap PIN nc-Si thin-film solar cells with high efficiency of 14.743% and fill factor of 0.775 is superior to general solar cells designed in our previous work.
Preparation of Mesoporous Magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4 Photocatalysts Using Ionic Liquid as Template Agent
Authors: Wang Kai , Di Lan Bo , Zhang Li Juan , Dong Gui Fu , Zhang Xiu Ling
Published: August 2013

A simple sol-gel method using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliun tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM]BF4) ionic liquid as template agent was used to prepared mesoporous magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts (denoted as IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results showed that well crystallized anatase TiO2in IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts could be obtained when the calcination temperature was as low as 200 °C, and the phase transition temperature from anatase to rutile was increased to 800 °C. BET analysis showed that IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that photocatalytic activity of IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was 6 times higher than that of TiO2/CoFe2O4when a low calcination temperature of 350 °C was used.