bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational learning in stakeholder relations
Authors: Rupcic Nataša
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges regarding learning in stakeholder relations in profit and nonprofit organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

Conclusions and models presented in the paper have been designed based on the systems perspective, critical thinking and critical review of previous contributions.

Findings

Organizational learning has been examined in profit and nonprofit organizations, and factors which stimulate this process have been identified. More precisely, factors contributing to organizational learning in board of directors have been critically examined, accreditation as a factor contributing to organizational learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) has been suggested, learning dynamics in university–industry collaborations and inter-professional learning have been examined, as well as organizational learning as a bottom-up approach supported by transformational leaderships.

Research limitations/implications

Conclusions and models provided in the paper need further empirical testing and validation.

Practical implications

Useful implications for practitioners in profit and nonprofit sector have been suggested based on the critical analysis of previous contributions regarding stimulation of organizational learning in stakeholder relations.

Originality/value

Contributions from previous authors have been systemically and critically reviewed, adapted models have been provided and suggestions for practitioners in this regard have been offered.
Making the most of scarce data: Mapping soil gradients in data‐poor areas using species occurrence records
Authors: Zuquim Gabriela , Stropp Juliana , Moulatlet Gabriel M. , Van doninck Jasper , Quesada Carlos A. , Figueiredo Fernando O. G. , Costa Flávia R. C. , Ruokolainen Kalle , Tuomisto Hanna
Published: March 2019

Maps of environmental characteristics are needed to improve our understanding of species distributions and ecosystem dynamics. Despite the growing demand for digital environmental maps, scarcity of environmental field samples to be used as input data often constrains the accuracy of such maps, especially for soils.

We developed and tested a method that combines information on species–environment associations and the spatial distribution of indicator species (as retrieved from repositories such asGBIF) to improve mapping accuracy of environmental variables.

Our approach includes: (a) Compile field data on the environmental variable of interest (direct environmental data) and documented occurrences of the species to be used as indicators; (b) define species optima for the environmental variable; (c) use georeferenced records of the indicator species to calculate species‐based environmental values (indirect environmental data); (d) generate maps using direct and indirect environmental data as input data for interpolation; (e) validate the maps. We applied the method to map the concentration of exchangeable base cations in Amazonian soils using fern and lycophyte species as indicators.

Including soil values that had been indirectly estimated using indicator species represented a 12‐fold increase in the number of input data points used for mapping. At the same time, map accuracy improved considerably: the correlation between mapped soil cation concentration estimates and field‐measured values from an independent validation dataset increased fromr = 0.48 tor = 0.71.

Knowledge on species–environment relationships can be useful for modelling ecologically relevant environmental variables in areas where species occurrence data are more readily available than direct environmental measurements. The method works even with haphazard species occurrence points obtained from public repositories such asGBIFand can be applied to other environmental variables and other indicator groups, provided that the environmental variable of interest is relevant as a determinant of species occurrences in the indicator group. The Amazonian soil cation concentration maps produced (available athttps://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.879542) can be used as digital layers in species distribution and habitat modelling, and to guide conservation actions in Amazonia.
Editorial: can hepatitis B core‐related antigen be the new biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in nucleoside analogue‐treated chronic hepatitis B?
Authors: Mak Lung‐Yi
Published: March 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Hosaka et al and Hosaka papers. To view
these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15108 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15156.
Letter: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a history of osteoporotic fractures but not with low bone mineral density
Authors: Bidhendi Yarandi Razieh
Published: March 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Mantovani et al papers. To view these articles,
visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15087 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15181.
“Measure my teeth and you'll know what I ate”: The molar ratio method and an updated interpretation of the diet of Nyctereutes sinensis (Carnivora, Canidae)
Authors: Bartolini Lucenti Saverio
Published: March 2019

The molar ratio method presented by Acta Zoologica (98, 2016, 292) is a valid way to estimate the dietary differences between extant subspecies of the raccoon dog genus, Nyctereutes. Particularly, higher values of the molar ratio implies more omnivous diet than lower ones. With the same technique is possible to infer variations in the diet of extinct species. For the two Plio‐Pleistocene fossil species Nyctereutes sinensis and Nyctereutes megamastoides, the authors estimate a more carnivorous diet for the latter in comparison to the former that has much higher values. This fact contrast with the morphological features of these two highly comparable species, often considered as morphotypes of the same species. Thanks to the revision of a large sample of N. sinensis from Chinese localities of the Yushe Basin (Shanxi Province), new scores for this species have been calculated. The results presented here confirms a strong adaptation to an omnivorous diet, as emerged from morphofunctional evidence in recent literature.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a salvage therapy for patients with severe primary graft dysfunction after heart transplant
Authors: Jacob Samuel , Lima Brian , Gonzalez‐Stawinski Gonzalo V. , El‐Sayed Ahmed Magdy M. , Patel Parag C. , Belli Erol V. , Makey Ian A. , Thomas Mathew , Landolfo Kevin , Landolfo Carolyn , Leoni Moreno Juan Carlos , Yip Daniel S. , Pham Si M.
Published: March 2019

Background

Severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early death after heart transplant.

Aim

To examine the outcomes of heart transplant recipients who received venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) for severe PGD.

Methods

We reviewed electronic health records of adult patients who underwent heart transplant from November 2005 through June 2015. We defined severe PGD according to International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus statements.

Results

Of 1030 heart transplant patients, 31 (3%) had severe PGD and required VA‐ECMO. The mean (range) age was 59 (43‐69) years. Fifteen patients (48%) underwent prior sternotomy and 10 (32%) received a left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant. Severe PGD manifested as failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in 20 patients (65%) and as severe hemodynamic instability in the immediate postoperative period in 10 (32%), including cardiac arrest in 3 (10%). Twenty‐five patients (81%) were successfully weaned from VA‐ECMO, and 19 (61%) were discharged; the other 12 (39%) died.

Conclusions

Although VA‐ECMO is a common method for providing mechanical circulatory support to patients with PGD, multicenter studies are needed to assess factors associated with successful outcomes and improved survival of these patients.
Microbiome programming of brain development: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Forssberg Hans
Published: March 2019

During the last decade, research on germ‐free mice has discovered that the gut microbiome (i.e. the normal bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract) can programme brain function and behaviour during early development. At the same time a growing number of clinical studies have shown altered gut microflora in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in combination with altered bacterial metabolites and inflammatory cytokines being part of the gut‐brain axis. This review covers the concept of the microbiome; how it is established during childhood; how it is affected by malnutrition; how it can programme the development of the brain through epigenetic mechanisms; which pathways are used from the gut to the brain; and assesses findings that suggest the gut microbiome may be involved in ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This is a new research field with a number of exciting, but so far fragmented, findings indicating the important role of the normal microbiome in shaping the brain. Research also suggests that disruptions of the microbiome may be involved in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.

What this paper adds

The gut microbiome shapes the brain via the gut‐brain axis.

The microbiome may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
The importance of maternal immunity in psychiatry and neurodevelopment
Authors: Scola Gustavo
Published: March 2019

This commentary is on the case series by Jones et al. on pages 984–988 of this issue.
First nationwide seroepidemiology and risk factors report of Helicobater pylori in Jordan
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad M. , Roess Amira A.
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim

Helicobacter pylori inhabits the gastric mucosa of humans and causes 89% of all gastric cancers. This is the first study of the seroprevalence, spatial distribution, and risk factors for H pylori in Jordan.

Materials and Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study of 460 healthy participants (aged between 15 and 81 years) proportionately sampled across each region of Jordan. Sera samples were tested for H pylori using Enzygnost® anti‐H pylori immunoglobulin G enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Participants completed a validated questionnaire about potential risk factors including food consumption habits and environmental and animal exposure. Multivariate generalized linear models identified risk factors for infection.

Results

The results showed a high seroprevalence (88.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.3‐91.2) of H pylori in the study population. After adjusting for possible confounders, age, consumption of raw milk, and location of residence were significantly associated with seropositivity. Older participants aged 30‐49 years had an 11% greater risk of seropositivity compared to participants aged 15‐29 years. Participants who consume raw milk and dairy products have a 9% decreased risk in seropositivity (prevalence ratio = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84‐0.99) compared to those who do not consume these products.

Conclusion

This study reports a negative association between consumption of raw milk and seropositivity, and this is in line with several studies that report consumption of raw milk may be protective against H pylori. However, because of the risk of other serious pathogens associated with the consumption of raw dairy products, this study recommends pasteurization of raw milk. Future studies on the effect of fermented dairy products on H pylori colorization in gastric mucosa are recommended.
Nonparametric Kernel Method to Hedge Downside Risk
Authors: Huang Jinbo , Ding Ashley , Li Yong
Published: March 2019

We propose a nonparametric kernel estimation method (KEM) that determines the optimal hedge ratio by minimizing the downside risk of a hedged portfolio, measured by conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR). We also demonstrate that the KEM minimum‐CVaR hedge model is a convex optimization. The simulation results show that our KEM provides more accurate estimations and the empirical results suggest that, compared to other conventional methods, our KEM yields higher effectiveness in hedging the downside risk in the weather‐sensitive markets.
Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry Screening Rates Among the Midwife‐Attended Out‐of‐Hospital Birth Community in Michigan
Authors: Withrow Evan , Fussman Chris , Thompson Kristen , Kleyn Mary
Published: March 2019

Introduction

In Michigan, pulse oximetry screening rates for critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are assessed for birthing hospitals but have not been assessed for the midwife‐attended births that occur in the out‐of‐hospital birth community. This analysis was conducted to determine pulse oximetry screening rates among the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community in Michigan overall, and among midwives provided with loaned pulse oximeters from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS).

Methods

Records for midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital births between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, were linked via probabilistic matching with newborn screening records. Pulse oximetry screening rates were calculated for the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth population overall, by midwife, and stratified by receipt of loaned pulse oximeters from MDHHS. Births from midwives who attended 5 or more nonhospital births during the study period were included in this analysis.

Results

Of the 3410 midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital births, 20.8% (n = 710) reported as having received a pulse oximetry screening for CCHDs. For births attended by midwives who received pulse oximeters from MDHHS, 50.5% had pulse oximetry screening results reported, compared with 12.7% among births attended by midwives without a loaned pulse oximeter. Of the 78 total midwives, 18% (n = 14) reported pulse oximetry screening results on more than half of the births they attended. Of the 14 midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, 50.0% (n = 7) reported screening results for more than half of all births they attended.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that CCHD screening rates are low among midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community. Screening rates were higher among midwives who received a pulse oximeter from MDHHS, but fewer than half of the attended births had a reported pulse oximetry screening. Further discussions with the midwife‐attended out‐of‐hospital birth community to better understand screening barriers may be beneficial.
Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome in the era of next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Tobiasson M. , Kittang A. O.
Published: March 2019

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is rapidly changing the clinical care of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). NGS can be used for various applications: (i) in the diagnostic process to discriminate between MDS and other diseases such as aplastic anaemia, myeloproliferative disorders and idiopathic cytopenias; (ii) for classification, for example, where the presence of SF3B1 mutation is one criterion for the ring sideroblast anaemia subgroups in the World Health Organization 2016 classification; (iii) for identification of patients suitable for targeted therapy (e.g. IDH1/2 inhibitors); (iv) for prognostication, for example, where specific mutations (e.g. TP53 and RUNX1) are associated with inferior prognosis, whereas others (e.g. SF3B1) are associated with superior prognosis; and (v) to monitor patients for progression or treatment failure. Most commonly, targeted sequencing for genes (normally 50–100 genes) reported to be recurrently mutated in myeloid disease is used. At present, NGS is rarely incorporated into clinical guidelines although an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the benefit of using NGS in the clinical management of MDS patients.
Review of craniofacial regeneration in China
Authors: Li Yanjing , Zhang Qi , Xie Xueping , Xiao Dexuan , Lin Yunfeng
Published: March 2019

Aim

Tissue engineering has been recognised as one of the most effective means to form a new viable tissue for medical purpose. Tissue engineering involves a combination of scaffolds, cells, suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors, and engineering and materials methods. This review covered some biomedicine, such as biomaterials, bioactive factors, and stem cells, and manufacturing technologies used in tissue engineering in the oral maxillofacial region, especially in China.

Materials and Methods

Data for this review were identified by searches of Web of Science and PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms “biomaterials”, “oral tissue regeneration”, “bioactive factors” and “stem cells”. Only articles published in English between 2013 and 2018 were included.

Conclusion

The combination of stem cells, bioactive factors and 3D scaffolds could be of far‐reaching significance for the future therapies in tissue repair or tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the review also mentions issues that need to be solved in the application of these biomedicines.
Nowhere to hide
Authors: Yee Amy
Published: March 2019

The most poached and trafficked of all animals, pangolins could vanish before scientists really get to know them.
Mapping the lung
Authors: Mildner Alexander , Yona Simon
Published: March 2019

Macrophages are redefined on the basis of gene expression, tissue localization, and function
Marginal zone lymphoma-associated antiphospholipid antibodies successfully treated with bendamustine rituximab
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Markham Merry , Mandernach Molly W
Published: March 2019

A 46-year-old man presented with splenomegaly, abdominal adenopathy and profoundly elevated prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. He was diagnosed with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma, and the abnormal coagulation studies were secondary to the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. Optimal upfront therapy for MZL has not been established, and the incidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in this patient population is rare. Following treatment with six cycles of bendamustine and rituximab with 2 years of rituximab maintenance, our patient remained in remission and his coagulation studies normalised. This report describes a case of successful treatment of APLA associated with MZL that resolved after treatment of the lymphoma.
Canada’s early contributions to plasmonics
Authors: Moskovits Martin
Published: March 2019

The field of plasmonics — the study of collective electron excitation in nanostructured metal and other conductors — is currently highly active with research foci in a number of related fields, including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies and plasmon-mediated photochemical and photocatalytic processes through which the energy stored temporarily as plasmons can be used to enable and (or) accelerate photochemistry. This enhancement is accomplished either by the action of the large optical fields produced in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures or mediated by the energetic electrons and holes surviving transiently following the dephasing of the plasmon. This article traces the early contributions to the foundation of the current field of plasmonics by two scientists working in Canada in the early 1970s, J. P. Marton at McMaster University and Welwyn Corporation and the current author while he was at the University of Toronto.
Efficient and Accurate Collision Response for Elastically Deformable Models
Authors: Verschoor Mickeal , Jalba Andrei C.
Published: March 2019

Simulating (elastically) deformable models that can collide with each other and with the environment remains a challenging task. The resulting contact problems can be elegantly approached using Lagrange multipliers to represent the unknown magnitude of the response forces. Typical methods construct and solve a Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP) to obtain the response forces. This requires the inverse of the generalized mass matrix, which is generally hard to obtain for deformable-body problems. In this article, we tackle such contact problems by directly solving the Mixed Linear Complementarity Problem (MLCP) and omitting the construction of an LCP matrix. Since a convex quadratic program with linear constraints is equivalent to an MLCP, we propose to use a Conjugate Residual (CR) solver as the backbone of our collision response system. By dynamically updating the set of active constraints, the MLCP with inequality constraints can be solved efficiently. We also propose a simple yet efficient preconditioner that ensures faster convergence. Finally, our approach is faster than existing methods (at the same accuracy), and it allows accurate treatment of friction.
Progressive Increase of Inflammatory CXCR4 and TNF-Alpha in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord Maintains Peripheral and Central Sensitization to Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Zhu Dan , Fan Tingting , Huo Xinyue , Cui Jian , Cheung Chi Wai , Xia Zhengyuan
Published: March 2019

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common and serious complication of diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DNP is largely unclear. The proinflammation proteins, CXCR4, and TNF-α play critical roles in the development of pain, while their relative roles in the development of DNP and especially its progression is unknown. We proposed that establishment of diabetic pain models in rodents and evaluating the stability of behavioral tests are necessary approaches to better understand the mechanism of DNP. In this study, Von Frey and Hargreaves Apparatus was used to analyze the behavioral changes of mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at different phases of diabetes. Moreover, CXCR4 and TNF-α of spinal cord dorsal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were detected by western blotting and immunostaining over time. The values of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) were reduced as early as 1 week in diabetic rats and persistently maintained at lower levels during the progression of diabetes as compared to control rats that were concomitant with significant increases of both CXCR4 and TNF-α protein expressions in the DRG at 2 weeks and 5 weeks (the end of the experiments) of diabetes. By contrast, CXCR4 and TNF-α in the spinal cord dorsal horn did not significantly increase at 2 weeks of diabetes while both were significantly upregulated at 5 weeks of diabetes. The results indicate that central sensitization of spinal cord dorsal may result from persistent peripheral sensitization and suggest a potential reference for further treatment of DNP.
Face Swapping: Realistic Image Synthesis Based on Facial Landmarks Alignment
Authors: Chen Dongyue , Chen Qiusheng , Wu Jianjun , Yu Xiaosheng , Jia Tong
Published: March 2019

We propose an image‐based face swapping algorithm, which can be used to replace the face in the reference image with the same facial shape and features as the input face. First, a face alignment is made based on a group of detected facial landmarks, so that the aligned input face and the reference face are consistent in size and posture. Secondly, an image warping algorithm based on triangulation is presented to adjust the reference face and its background according to the aligned input faces. In order to achieve more accurate face swapping, a face parsing algorithm is introduced to realize the accurate detection of the face‐ROIs, and then the face‐ROI in the reference image is replaced with the input face‐ROI. Finally, a Poisson image editing algorithm is adopted to realize the boundary processing and color correction between the replacement region and the original background, and then the final face swapping result is obtained. In the experiments, we compare our method with other face swapping algorithms and make a qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate the reality and the fidelity of the replaced face. The analysis results show that our method has some advantages in the overall performance of swapping effect.
Exponential Synchronization for Neutral‐Type Neural Network with Stochastic Perturbation and Markovian Jumping Parameters
Authors: Lv Xue , Yang Xueqing , Xi Yaoqing , Yu Jinyong , Zhou Wuneng
Published: March 2019

The problem of exponential synchronization for neutral‐type neural network with stochastic perturbation and Markovian switching parameters is considered in this article. Based on Lyapunov functional method and the theory of stochastic process, the exponential synchronism of the neural network is analyzed. By designing an adaptive state feedback controller, the exponential synchronization criterion of the neural network is obtained which can be represented as linear matrix inequality. Furthermore, the update rule for the adaptive controller is obtained. Finally, a simulation example is proposed to explain the availability of the results and method obtained in this article.
Pharmacological Prevention of Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Yong , Li Xiao-Jin , Liang Yi , Kang Yan
Published: March 2019

Background. The high prevalence of delirium among postoperative patients has increased morbidity and mortality. The kind of drug that can effectively reduce the incidence of delirium has become the focus of discussion in recent years. However, a consensus in this respect has yet to be reached. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Embase databases from their inception through October 12, 2018. We included RCTs of pharmacological prevention for postoperative delirium in adults (at least 18 years), and the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of trials. The primary outcomes were the risk ratios (RRs) of incidence of postoperative delirium, and the secondary outcomes were the RRs of mortality and adverse events in the intervention and control groups. Results. Thirty-eight trials, which comprised 20302 patients and 18 different drugs, were included in the analysis. Of the 38 studies, 17 were rated as low risk with respect to methodological quality. Dexmedetomidine administration (RR 0.58, 95%CI 0.44-0.76, P<0.01) was associated with a significantly lower incidence of postoperative delirium than the control conditions. However, the findings from the studies with a low risk of bias did not show a significant difference in this beneficial effect (RR 0.64, 95%CI 0.39-1.04, P=0.07). The antipsychotic drugs olanzapine (RR 0.44, 95%CI 0.30- 0.65, P<0.01) and risperidone (RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.19-0.92, P=0.03) had promising effects, but there was a lack of sufficient evidence to obtain a definitive conclusion. The beneficial effect of other drugs, including haloperidol, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, gabapentin, ketamine, cyproheptadine, donepezil, hypertonic saline, melatonin, nimodipine, ondansetron, pregabalin, rivastigmine, TJ-54, and tryptophan, was not proven on the basis of present evidence. Conclusion. Among the pharmacological prophylactic measures for postoperative delirium, dexmedetomidine, olanzapine, and risperidone showed higher efficacy than other drugs. However, more high-quality evidence is needed to confirm these results.
Subungual Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Nail Tumor with a Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Pollo Talita , Rabay Fátima Maria de Oliveira , de Lima Elisangela Manfredini Andraus , Gonçalves Fernanda da Rocha , Mandelbaum Samuel Henrique
Published: March 2019

Subungual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare disorder associated with many factors, including contact with some topical and oral substances. A differential diagnosis and an early approach are important to minimize the functional damage of the limbs affected by this type of tumor. We report a case of subungual BCC in a 70-year-old woman that was managed by surgical excision. The patient’s medical history included the previous use of arsenic. We emphasize the contribution of an early diagnosis to achieve better treatment results in this instance.
Modelo de moda
Authors: Prestes Vanessa Amaral , Grisci Carmem Ligia Iochins
Published: March 2019

Este estudo qualitativo objetivou verificar e analisar a estratégia de viver a vida de modelos de moda, tendo em vista o trabalho imaterial que realizam. Participaram da pesquisa exploratória qualitativa bookers e modelos de moda brasileiros que trabalham ou já trabalharam em situação de expatriação. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados dizem respeito aos sonhos e à inserção na profissão, aos incentivos e aos discursos que fomentam a vida anunciada de modelo; à mobilização de si e incorporação de um padrão de modelo de moda; à ditadura da fita métrica; ao book forte como passaporte internacional; aos percursos e percalços na expatriação; e, por fim, à estratégia de viver a vida na expatriação.
Perspectivas acerca da aposentadoria na percepção de docentes de uma universidade pública federal
Authors: Borsoi Izabel Cristina Ferreira , Pereira Flavilio Silva
Published: March 2019

A aposentadoria tem sido, para a maioria dos trabalhadores, motivo de inquietação devido a sentimentos de incerteza sobre a vida na ausência de vínculo laboral. Este artigo visa analisar planos e perspectivas de aposentadoria entre docentes efetivos de uma universidade pública federal brasileira. A primeira fase da pesquisa abordou 96 professores (56 homens e 40 mulheres) a partir de um instrumento estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A segunda fase consistiu em 18 entrevistas com participantes da etapa anterior. Os resultados indicaram que: 1) em sua maioria, os docentes tenderiam a continuar trabalhando ao se aposentarem, seja em atividades acadêmicas ou não, seja vinculados formalmente a uma instituição ou não; 2) muitos deles reservariam tempo para atividades de lazer e diversão; e 3) mais frequentemente que os homens, as professoras optariam por atuar em trabalhos não acadêmicos. Assim, parece mais evidente que, para a maior parte dos docentes, o momento da aposentadoria foi percebido como uma continuidade da vida ativa e produtiva, independentemente do tipo de trabalho ou atividade que fariam.
Racial Variation in Stroke Risk Among Women by Stroke Risk Factors
Authors: Jiménez Monik C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Cook Nancy R. , Kawachi Ichiro , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Haring Bernhard , Nassir Rami , Rhee Jinnie J. , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Rexrode Kathryn M.
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

In the United States, black Americans exhibit a greater risk of stroke and burden of stroke risk factors than whites; however, it is unclear whether these stroke risk factors influence stroke risk differently across racial groups.

Methods—

In total, 126 018 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative (11 389 black and 114 629 white women), free of stroke and coronary heart disease at baseline (1994–1998), were followed through 2010. Participants completed baseline clinical exams with standardized measurements of blood pressure and anthropometrics, medication inventory and self-reported questionnaires on sociodemographics, behaviors/lifestyle, and medical history. Incident total, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were updated annually through questionnaires with medical record confirmation. Rate differences (per 100 000 person-years) and hazard ratios (HR) based on multivariable Cox models and were estimated.

Results—

Over a median of 13 years, 4344 stroke events were observed. Absolute incidence rates were higher in black than white women in each age group. In age-adjusted analyses, the risk of stroke was significantly higher among black compared with white women (HR=1.47, 95% CI, 1.33–1.63); adjustment for stroke risk factors, which may be on the causal pathway, attenuated the estimate. Racial disparities were greatest among women 50 to <60 years (HR=3.48; 95% CI, 2.31–5.26; rate difference =99) and diminished with increasing age (60 to <70 HR=1.80; 95% CI, 1.50–2.16; rate difference =107; ≥70 years: HR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.10–1.43; rate difference =87;
P
interaction
<0.001). Black women 50 to <60 years remained at significantly higher risk than white women after adjustment for stroke risk factors (HR=1.76; 95% CI, 1.09–2.83).

Conclusions—

There was a moderately greater risk of total stroke among black compared with white women; however, racial disparities were greatest among women aged 50 to <60 years. Interventions targeted at younger black women may provide the greatest benefit in reducing disparities.
Prediction of Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: van Donkelaar Carlina E. , Bakker Nicolaas A. , Birks Jaqueline , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , Metzemaekers Jan D.M. , Molyneux Andrew J. , Groen Rob J.M. , van Dijk J. Marc C.
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—

Early prediction of clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is still lacking accuracy. In this observational cohort study, we aimed to develop and validate an accurate bedside prediction model for clinical outcome after aSAH, to aid decision-making at an early stage.

Methods—

For the development of the prediction model, a prospectively kept single-center cohort of 1215 aSAH patients, admitted between 1998 and 2014, was used. For temporal validation, a prospective cohort of 224 consecutive aSAH patients from the same center, admitted between 2015 and 2017, was used. External validation was performed using the ISAT (International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial) database (2143 patients). Primary outcome measure was poor functional outcome 2 months after aSAH, defined as modified Rankin Scale score 4–6. The model was constructed using multivariate regression analyses. Performance of the model was examined in terms of discrimination and calibration.

Results—

The final model included 4 predictors independently associated with poor outcome after 2 months: age, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade after resuscitation, aneurysm size, and Fisher grade. Temporal validation showed high discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.94), external validation showed fair to good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70–0.76). The model showed satisfactory calibration in both validation cohorts. The SAFIRE grading scale was derived from the final model: size of the aneurysm, age, Fisher grade, world federation of neurosurgical societies after resuscitation.

Conclusions—

The SAFIRE grading scale is an accurate, generalizable, and easily applicable model for early prediction of clinical outcome after aSAH.
Two Recent Works on Textual Criticism
Authors: Elliott J.K.
Published: March 2019

Here follow two reviews of works within the field of New Testament textual criticism: one is of the final five fascicules of Jean-Claude Haelewyck’s Mark for the Vetus Latina series; the other is of Didier Lafleur’s analysis of a good number of the Greek New Testament manuscripts currently in Tirana, Albania.
Mission and Development: Two New Opportunities and a Continuing Challenge
Authors: Myers Bryant L.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to explore two opportunities and one continuing challenge in the field of mission and development. The first new opportunity comes from the largely secular field of development studies and its growing interest in religion and development. The second new opportunity comes in the form of secular research into what “progressive Pentecostal churches” are doing in the global South in terms of development programming. This unexpected emergence raises a family of new questions as people of faith think about development work. Finally, I will explore the continuing struggle to articulate the role of churches in development programming.
The Crux of a Surrogate Apology: An Evaluation of Norwegian Mission Leaders’ Apology to Boarding School Children (2009)
Authors: Norheim Bård Eirik Hallesby
Published: March 2019

This article analyses and discusses what constitutes the central difficulty (crux) of a surrogate apology – a corporate apology where a leader apologizes vicariously on behalf of an organization. Starting with a rhetorical analysis of the surrogate apology given by Norwegian mission leaders to children going to mission boarding schools (2009), the article proceeds to evaluate the theological status of such a surrogate apology in the light of forgiveness as a key practice in a theology of missio Dei. Drawing on rhetorical and theological analysis, the article concludes that the central difficulty lies in the aporetic nature of the response. It is therefore essential to acknowledge and address this aporia, even as a theological challenge.
About the identity of Erythrina graefferi (Fabaceae)
Authors: DEL GUACCHIO EMANUELE , DE LUCA PAOLO , CAPUTO PAOLO
Published: March 2019

N/A
A new variety of Trapa incisa (Lythraceae) from Lake Tai, China
Authors: SUN LI-YONG , JIANG ZHENG , DING YU-LONG , YIN ZENG-FANG
Published: March 2019

Trapa incisa var. pubescens, a new variety of Trapa incisa from Lake Tai in Jiangsu Province, China, is described. This new variety was found in coastal waters of northeastern Lake Tai. It is highly similar to T. incisa var. incisa and T. incisa var. quadricaudata in phenotype, but it can be distinguished by its sparsely pubescent pedicels and longer pink petals.
Re-establishment of Psidium macahense (Myrtaceae, Myrteae), an endemic species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: TULER AMÉLIA CARLOS , CARRIJO TATIANA TAVARES , SHEU YUMI , FERREIRA MARCIA FLORES DA SILVA , PEIXOTO ARIANE LUNA
Published: March 2019

Psidium macahense, an endemic species of Myrtaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, has recently been treated as a synonym of Psidium brownianum. Using a combination of molecular and morphological analyses the specific status of P. macahense is herein reinstated. A lectotype is designated for Psidium macahense, and a detailed description of the species with, illustrations and photographs to facilitate identification, is provided.
Andropogon saxicola (Poaceae: Andropogoneae), a new species from Brazil
Authors: ZANNIN ANA , VIANA PEDRO LAGE , WELKER CASSIANO A. DORNELES , FILGUEIRAS TARCISO S.
Published: March 2019

Andropogon saxicola, collected in rocky grasslands (campo rupestre) of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, is described, illustrated, and compared with putatively related species, such as A. campestris, A. carinatus, A. durifolius, and A. ingratus. According to the IUCN criteria, the new species is considered Endangered (EN). Comments on geographic distribution and ecological preferences of the new taxon are also provided.
Three new neotropical species of Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905 (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: DANTAS GALILEU P.S. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: March 2019

Three new species of Ablabesmyia are described from Brazil: A. akemiae sp. n. based on the male, female, pupa and larva; A. adamantis sp. n. based on the male, pupa and larva; and A. monticola sp. n. based on the adult male. Ablabesmyia akemiae sp. n. immatures were collected in a small river associated to aquatic vegetation, A. adamantis sp. n. larva was collected in a first order stream associated with accumulated fallen leaves, and adults of A. monticola sp. n. were collected with light-traps, in a mountainous region at about 1000 m altitude.
“Me” in Other Realms: Reinterpretations of Identity in Fantasy Fiction
Authors: Vinczeová Barbora
Published: March 2019

This article presents the notion of identity as perceived in Tanith Lee’s awardwinning novel Death’s Master. It focuses on the four main relations between identity and other concepts found in the novel, often resulting in identity conflict. It also addresses the traditional and non-traditional perceptions of the given phenomena, e.g. rejection of motherhood, gender fluidity, collective identity and the identity of abstract notions personified, such as death. Our goal is to examine the different concepts of “self” as related to social standing, sexuality, gender or nature. The overall aim of the article is to present how the author reworks the concepts of traditional identity in relation to stereotypical representations of the characters.
Czymże jest kulturoznawstwo jako dyscyplina naukowa określona w polskim prawie?
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan
Published: March 2019

WHAT IS CULTURAL STUDIES AS A SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE DEFINED BY POLISH LAW?The author of the article concentrates on the long and difficult process of the Faculty of International and Political Studies (at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow) in obtaining the right to educate students in the field of cultural studies. Problematic issues are described on the basis of Polish law which codifies individual disciplines and fields of science. Paying attention to the fundamental differences between Polish, British, French, German or Russian cultural studies was the starting point for taking a deeper reflection on the essence of what cultural studies is and what it should be, with a diverse and thereby rich structure.
CODEINE
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: March 2019

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of Tweets. This month she is talking about #codeine
Medicines adherence to anti-platelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome: part 2
Authors: Paterson Ruth , Mahadi Tasha
Published: March 2019

Ruth Paterson and Tasha Mahadi provide an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the articles in more detail, a full reference is provided
Knowledge mobilisation: National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly (NICE)
Authors: McDonald Lynn
Published: March 2019

This debate argues that it is time that knowledge mobilisation or exchange is adopted as a permanent part of academic, policy and practice endeavours, especially in the area of caregiving. Seven-year research on knowledge mobilisation by the National Initiative for the Care of the Elderly clearly shows that knowledge mobilisation affects the behaviour of professionals to provide better service to the betterment of older adults.
Effect of Smoked Cannabis on Vigilance and Accident Risk Using Simulated Driving in Occasional and Chronic Users and the Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship
Authors: Hartley Sarah , Simon Nicolas , Larabi Amine , Vaugier Isabelle , Barbot Frédéric , Quera-Salva Maria-Antonia , Alvarez Jean Claude
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship between whole blood δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and driving risk is poorly understood.

METHODS

Fifteen chronic cannabis consumers (1–2 joints/day; CC) and 15 occasional cannabis consumers (1–2 joints/week; OC) of 18 to 34 years of age were included. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted with 12 blood samplings over a 24-h period before and after controlled random inhalation of placebo or 10 mg or 30 mg of THC. THC and metabolites were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Effects on reaction time by psychomotor vigilance tests and driving performance through a York driving simulator were evaluated 7 times. A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis was performed using R software.

RESULTS

Whole blood peak THC was 2 times higher in CC than in OC for a same dose and occurred 5 min after the end of consumption. THC remained detectable only in CC after 24 h. Despite standardized consumption, CC consumed more available THC from each cigarette regardless of dose. Maximal effect for reaction time was dose- and group-dependent and only group-dependent for driving performance, both being decreased and more marked in OC than in CC. These effects were maximal around 5 h after administration, and the duration was longer in OC than in CC. A significant pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic relationship was observed only between Tmax for blood THC and the duration effect on mean reciprocal reaction time.

CONCLUSIONS

Inhalation from cannabis joints leads to a rapid increase in blood THC with a delayed decrease in vigilance and driving performance, more pronounced and lasting longer in OC than in CC. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02061020
The impact of digital networking on the life of asylum seekers in Italy
Authors: Pischetola Magda , Sozzani Clio
Published: March 2019

The article aims to investigate the relation between migration and digital technologies, in particular the way in which connectivity contributes to new forms of social inclusion. The study presented explores asylum seekers’ digital connections in relation to affective belonging, focusing on how social media enhance new forms of relationship between the homeland and host countries, as well as across migration flows. The research draws from the humanities and social sciences, proposing a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews with five migrants from the Middle East and Africa, who are hosted in a temporary camp for asylum seekers in Italy. It focuses on the way in which they remain connected to their home countries and how they try, at the same time, to create new relationships in the host country. The results outline how different forms of communication and digital networking impact on the migrants’ settling into new lives at the local and transnational level.
O inventário de estilos de aprendizagem de David Kolb e os professores de ciências e matemática: diálogo sobre o método de ensino
Authors: De Assunção Thiago Vicente , Do Nascimento Robson Raabi
Published: March 2019

O processo no qual se trabalha o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem tem sido largamente estudado por diferentes campos de estudo. Dentro das mais variadas concepções a respeito da aprendizagem, alguns modelos sugerem a existência ou formas distintas de aprender entre os indivíduos. Todavia, essas informações passam despercebidas pelos professores que inconscientemente aumentam a ausência de reciprocidade entre modos de aprender e modos de ensinar. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise sobre uma entrevista feita a professores de ciências e matemática, onde trazemos informações sobre a relação entre a forma de o professor ministrar os conteúdos das ciências e da matemática e a forma de aprender dos alunos. Utilizando o inventário de estilos de aprendizagem proposto pelo psicólogo e teórico da educação David Kolb, cuja teoria é baseada na aprendizagem experiencial, são identificados os estilos de aprendizagem de 105 estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio. Através de entrevista, foram indagados professores de física, química, biologia e matemática perfazendo um total de 9 professores pesquisados sobre variáveis sócio demográficas como: formação, estrutura da escola que atua e dificuldades na realização da prática pedagógica, além do conhecimento sobre as formas individuais de aprender e preferências didáticas. No geral, constatou-se que os professores de ciências e matemática entrevistados criam de maneira involuntária uma forma particular de ensinar e isso aliado ao pouco conhecimento a respeito dos estilos de aprendizagem, acabam por ignorar os diferentes saberes. Apesar disso, é importante destacar que houve uma compreensão por parte dos professores na intervenção aplicada, onde considerou as diferenças individuais dos alunos na aquisição de conhecimentos.