bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential therapeutic effect of teneligliptin on unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced depression in mice: targeting the role of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Vaghela Ujjval P. , Tirgar Pravin , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: December 2024

Background

Depression is a widespread and complex mental disorder that is challenging to treat. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model, based on stress diathesis, is used to study depression because antidepressants often reverse its effects, providing predictive validity. However, the mechanisms behind UCMS are not fully understood. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is essential for regulating neuronal energy metabolism, and disruptions in its activation can impair brain function and synaptic integrity. Teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, autophagy-modulating, and antiapoptotic properties, has not been studied for its potential to activate AMPK by inhibiting DPP-4, stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1, and decreasing the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which may enhance neuroprotection and neurogenesis. This study is the first to show teneligliptin’s potential therapeutic effect on UCMS-induced depression in mice by targeting the AMPK signaling pathway.

Objective

The current study was performed to assess the behavioral, oxidative stress biomarkers, neurotransmitter assay, and histopathology of the brain in UCMS-induced depression in mice.

Materials and methods

Mice were divided into five groups: group I (normal control, received saline), group II (UCMS model with 1 week of stress), group III (UCMS+fluoxetine 10 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks), and groups IV and V (UCMS+teneligliptin 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks). Body weight, forced swim test, tail suspension, locomotor activity, oxidative biomarkers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitrite levels), neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin), and brain histopathology were assessed to evaluate antidepressant activity.

Results and conclusion

Mice treated with teneligliptin (30 and 60 mg/kg) in the UCMS model showed significant weight loss compared with the disease group. They also exhibited reduced immobility in forced swim and tail suspension tests and increased locomotor activity. Significant changes were noted in oxidative stress biomarkers and neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin), with improved histopathological conditions. In conclusion, teneligliptin improved behavioral and antidepressant effects by reducing oxidative stress and increasing dopamine and serotonin levels. As a DPP-4 inhibitor, it may activate AMPK in the brain, lower DPP-4 enzyme levels, and enhance glucagon-like peptide-1-R and mammalian target of rapamycin, potentially promoting neurogenesis and neuroprotection, thus being beneficial for depression treatment.
H syndrome: A histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome. A comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Hamad Alaa , Elwaheidi Hadeel , Salameh Farah , Alyahya Mossaed , El Fakih Riad , Aljurf Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

H syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis that falls under the histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome. The term “H syndrome” includes manifestations such as hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and occasionally hyperglycemia. The syndrome is associated with mutations in the SLC29A3 gene, which encodes the human equilibrative transporter 3 present in endosomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. The generalized and ubiquitous presence of affected lysosomes and mitochondria contributes to the systemic and phenotypically heterogeneous manifestations of the syndrome. H syndrome manifestations are cutaneous, systemic, and organ-specific. The pathognomonic signs are hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation in the inner thighs and shins. However, not all patients present with these symptoms. H syndrome management involves a multidisciplinary approach to address specific symptoms and complications. The prognosis of H syndrome depends on several factors, including the extent and severity of clinical manifestations, the presence of complications, and timely diagnosis and management. Further studies are needed to explore the association between prognosis and the different mutations encountered in H syndrome.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Fusarium infections in adult patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A meta-summary of case reports
Authors: Tung Ong Leong
Published: December 2024

Fusarium infections have increased, particularly among patients with hematological malignancies and in those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This meta-summary summarizes the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of Fusarium infections in HSCT recipients. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Ovid SP databases were searched from inception to January 2024 to identify relevant case reports. A total of 31 patients diagnosed with Fusarium infections after HSCT were included. The most common infection sites were the skin and soft tissues (74.2%), blood (54.8%), and lungs (41.9%). Fusarium species complex was identified in 67.7% of the patients, and the most common species was Fusarium solani (51.6%). Of the included patients, 58.1% received antifungal monotherapy, whereas 41.9% received antifungal combination therapy. The overall mortality rate was 74.2%. Cutaneous infection was associated with a low mortality rate. The median time to mortality was 28 days. Fusarium infections commonly present as disseminated infections in HSCT recipients.
Recurrence patterns-analysis from a South Indian breast cancer patient cohort
Authors: Thumsi Jayanti , Gunda Aparna , Natraj Mallika , Bakre Manjiri M
Published: December 2024

Background:

The current study analyzes the pattern of recurrence/relapse in breast cancer patients belonging to different receptor subtypes to help enhance therapeutic and surveillance methods.

Methods:

This is an observational prospective study of a cohort of 543 patients from South India. Associations between various factors and their significance in relapse were assessed by odds ratio (OR), Chi-square test, and two-sided P value.

Results:

Relapse of cancer in all receptor subtypes was significantly associated with stage III (P = 0.0029). Of the 48 patients who had a relapse of cancer, 42% had relapsed at a distance recurrence (DR), 23% (P = 0.02) had loco/locoregional recurrence (LLR) and the rest had relapsed at distant and loco/locoregional sites. HER2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor) (83%) and hormone receptor (HR+/HER2-) (77%) patients had higher DR rates with an OR of 2 (95% Confidence Interval, 0.6–6) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.1–2.1), respectively compared to TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) patients. TNBCs (80%) had higher LLR rates over HER2+ (50%) and HR+/HER2- (44%) with an OR of 2 (95% CI, 0.6–6) and 2.1 (95% CI, 0.47–9.3), respectively. Bones and lungs in HR+/HER2- patients, liver and lungs for HER2 + patients, and bones in TNBC patients were the preferred sites for metastasis. The number of metastatic sites followed the order, TNBCs > HER2+>HR+/HER2-.

Conclusions:

HR+/HER2- and HER+ patients were more associated with DRs and TNBC patients were associated with LLR. TNBC patients recurred at multiple sites compared to the other two subtypes. Overall, there seems to be a trend in the recurrence across receptor subtypes. Understanding this recurrence pattern will help in enhancing therapeutic and surveillance methods.
Ahiputana (~diaper rash) in a child with surgically corrected Hirschsprung’s disease – Ayurvedic approaches of management
Authors: Pant Champa , Gagana S
Published: December 2024

Ahiputana (~diaper rash) is a painful erythematous rash in the perineal and perianal area caused by prolonged contact with urine, feces, sweat, and lack of hygiene. The condition is common in children, causing itching, irritation, blisters, ulcerations, severe discomfort, and distress. A 4½-year-old-male child with surgically corrected Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) suffering from postoperative chronic bowel problems such as frequent episodes of loose stools, fecal incontinence, and daily soiling coupled with absolute negligence of postvoid toileting by parents since 3½ years, sought treatment for the severe rash in the perianal area. This condition was diagnosed with Ahiputana based on etiopathogenesis and was managed with the application of Jatyadi malahara (~ointment made with leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn). For other associated complaints Balachaturbhadra churna, and Ashwagola churna (~husk of Plantago ovata Forssk) were used orally, while Vakshuddhikara churna was used for Jihwa-pratisarana (~application on the tongue). Hyderabad mix supplement and dietetic changes were used to improve nutritional status. Jatyadi malahara exhibited excellent wound healing properties, evidenced by a considerable reduction in the scores on the diaper dermatitis scale. Furthermore, other associated bowel symptoms improved with a combination of changes in Ahara, Vihara, and Ayurvedic formulations.
Ayurvedic management of Diabetic macular edema (Pramehajanya Timira): A case report
Authors: Sitpal Nivedita , Pamnani Gulab Chand
Published: December 2024

Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the most common cause of visual deterioration in patients affected by diabetes mellitus. During the progression of diabetic retinopathy, at any course, macular edema can develop. The primary symptom of DME is blurry or wavy vision near or in the center of the field of vision. In Ayurveda, DME is not directly described but the etiopathogenesis of eye diseases and Prameha (~diabetes mellitus) gives an idea of a possible correlation between these two diseases. Based on clinical signs and symptoms, DME resembles Timira due to Prameha. Treatment modalities such as intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents and laser photocoagulation are available for DME in the conventional system of medicine. Although effective, they have certain limitations. Here, presenting the case of a 58-year-old woman, known diabetic for 15 years, with complaints of blurred vision in her left eye. Based on the assessment through Optical Coherence Tomography (three-dimensional Macula), she was diagnosed with DME (Pramehajanya timira) and was successfully managed with Ayurveda medicines including Chandraprabha vati, Nishamalaki churna, Katakakhadiradi kashaya, and Nitya virechana (~therapeutic purgation on daily basis) with Erandabhrishta haritaki. Thalapothichil (~covering the scalp with medicaments) was adopted as an external treatment approach. After treatment, there was a reduction in macular edema, along with a reduction in blood sugar levels and significant changes in subjective parameters. The case study inferred that a strategic Ayurveda treatment protocol can help in the reduction of DME, further slowing down the progression of the condition, and preventing diabetic complications.
An in vitro study to compare shear bond strength of aged composite to two single-shade composites
Authors: Lahari A. R. , Nainan Mohan Thomas , Nirupama Duddi Narendra , Vijay R. , Thomas Helen , Sharma Ayisha
Published: December 2024

Aim:

(a) To evaluate and compare the repair bond strength of aged composite to two single-shade composites. (b) To determine the prominent mode of failure.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty composite discs of Filtek 250 (micro hybrid, 3M ESPE, USA) were aged in artificial saliva for 4 weeks and thermocycled for 5000 cycles. The samples were roughened with diamond points (TF12, Mani, Japan) and etched with 37% phosphoric acid. The composite discs were then divided into 3 groups of ten each and the surface was treated with silane coupling agent, followed by bonding agent application. The three groups were restored with one layer of 2-mm thickness of Filtek 250 (Group 1), Omnichroma (Group 2), and Topaz ONE (Group 3) composites, respectively. The samples were subjected to universal testing machine to evaluate the shear bond stress. The detached samples were assessed under 20X stereomicroscope to determine the mode of failure.

Results and Conclusions:

Multiple comparisons between the three groups demonstrated significantly higher mean repair bond strength when the same composite was used for repair and between the two single-shade composites, Omnichroma demonstrated significantly higher repair bond strength (P = 0.002). Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that repair with the same composite resulted highest repair bond strength, while the single-shade composites provided acceptable repair bond strengths.
Artificial Intelligence - Blessing or Curse in Dentistry? - A Systematic Review
Authors: Vani Y Greeshma , Chalapathy Suma B. , Pandey Pallavi , Sahu Shailendra K. , Ramesh A , Sajjanar Jayashree
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

This systematic review examines the diverse applications of AI in all areas of dentistry. The search was conducted using the terms “Artificial Intelligence,” “Dentistry,” “Machine learning,” “Deep learning,” and “Diagnostic System.” Out of 607 publications analyzed from 2010 to 2024, only 13 were selected for inclusion based on their relevance and publication year. AI in dentistry offers both advantages and challenges. It enhances diagnosis, therapy, and patient outcomes through complex algorithms and massive datasets. However, issues such as data privacy, dental professional job displacement, and the necessity for thorough validation and regulation to ensure safety and efficacy remain significant concerns.
Pharmacokinetics of Maternal Drug Administration: Insights into Placental Transfer and Fetal Exposure
Authors: Duhaim Abdullah , Almatroudi Tariq Abdullah , Alghidani Zaiad Abdullah , Alhunayni Abdulsalam Saad , Salama Mohamed Helmy
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy profoundly influences the pharmacokinetics of maternally administered drugs, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of placental transfer and fetal exposure for safe and effective drug therapy. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in the field, comprising placental anatomy and physiology, pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy, factors affecting placental transfer, techniques for studying transfer mechanisms, and clinical implications for maternal and fetal health. Recent discoveries explaining placental structure, function, and molecular transport mechanisms underscore the complexity of drug transfer across the placental barrier. Advances in pharmacokinetic research reveal dynamic alterations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion during pregnancy, which impact therapeutic drug levels and maternal-fetal outcomes. Factors influencing placental transfer, including drug properties, placental transporters, and maternal-fetal physiology, are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of fetal exposure. Innovative methodologies and technologies facilitate the study of placental drug transport, offering insights into drug-specific transfer kinetics and developmental risks.
Treatment Outcome of Using Guided Bone Regeneration for Bone Augmentation for the Placement of Dental Implants – A Systematic Review
Authors: Chandrasekaran Deepak , Chinnaswami Ravindran , Malathi N. , Jayakumar N. D.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the treatment outcome differences between guided bone regeneration (GBR) and other techniques of bone augmentation for the placement of dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

This review was performed by two reviewers electronically on the PubMed and Cochrane database for articles published between 1990 and 2023. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective studies were included. Studies involved patients who have been treated with dental implants with simultaneous or previously performed GBR.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 470 studies were identified after implementing the search strategy across the different databases. The results that have been reported may also be influenced by these factors.

Conclusion:

After a careful evaluation of the limited evidence included in studies, it can be concluded that GBR is a stable and effective technique of bone augmentation when compared to block grafting and distraction osteogenesis.
A Comparative Analysis of the Accuracy of Crown Fabricated from Conventional Wax Patterns and CAD/CAM Technology – Milling and 3D Printing
Authors: Kumar MV Sunil , Kumar Rajesh , Saini Ravindher Singh , Vyas Rajesh , Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Digital manufacturing techniques such as milling (subtractive) and 3D printing (additive) are increasingly used in dental restorations. These technologies promise enhanced precision and efficiency compared to traditional methods. However, the accuracy of marginal and internal fits of crowns produced by these techniques remains under-explored.

Objective:

To evaluate and compare the marginal and internal fit of dental crowns fabricated using two digital manufacturing techniques: Milling (subtractive) and 3D printing (additive).

Materials and Methods:

A maxillary first molar was replicated to create seven representative dies for each technique. Crowns were fabricated using both milling and 3D printing methods. The fit of the crowns was assessed using the silicone replica technique, measuring occlusal, axial, marginal gaps, and internal fit.

Results:

3D printing demonstrated the most precise fit across all measurement points, with significantly smaller discrepancies compared to milling. The two-way ANOVA analysis confirmed a significant effect of the fabrication method on marginal and internal gaps, highlighting the superior performance of 3D printing. However, the silicone replica technique revealed fewer significant differences between the two methods.

Conclusion:

3D printing offers enhanced precision and consistency in crown fabrication compared to milling. Despite promising results, further research is necessary to confirm the long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these techniques. Future studies should focus on larger clinical cohorts to validate these findings.
Histopathological Insights into Granulomatous Lesions: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Kumari Archana , Bali Irbinder K. , Chauhan Ayushi , Chitkara Falguni , Wadhera Deepika
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Granulomatous inflammation is a persistent inflammatory reaction marked by the presence of aggregations of active histiocytes, epithelioid cells, and multinucleate giant cells. This phenomenon is reported in several viral and non-infectious diseases and is classified as a type IV delayed hypersensitivity response.

Research Materials and Procedures:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the histopathology section of the Department of Pathology, MMIMSR, Mullana, from October 2022 to October 2023. A total of 100 cases presenting with granulomatous lesions were analyzed. Detailed clinical data, including age, sex, site of the lesion, and duration of disease, were recorded. Histopathological examination was performed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, with additional special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) applied where necessary.

Materials and Methods:

This investigation was conducted at the histology division of the Department of Pathology, MMIMSR, Mullana, between October 2022 and October 2023. The analysis included a total of 100 patients that had granulomatous lesions. Precise clinical information, such as age, gender, location of the lesion, and length of illness, was documented. The histological analysis was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain, along with supplementary specific stains, such as Ziehl-Neelsen and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) when needed.

Results:

Lesions of granulomatous nature were more common in individuals in their third and fourth decades of life, with a little higher occurrence in females (male: female ratio = 1:1.43). The primary location of infection was the gastrointestinal system, accounting for 16% of cases, followed by the urogenital tract at 15% and soft tissues at 13%. Granulomatous pathology-not otherwise specified (GP-NOS) was the most prevalent histological category, representing 52% of cases. It was followed by granulomatous pathology-tubercular (GP-TB) at 15%, granulomatous pathology-leprosy (GP-L) at 3%, and one case of granulomatous pathology-fungal (GP-F). The etiology of 25% of cases was attributed to tuberculosis, whereas in 3% of instances, it was diagnosed as leprosy. The main kind of neoplasms seen were epithelioid cell granulomas, with caseous necrosis being the most prevalent form of necrosis. About 10% of patients had fibrosis, and Langhans giant cells were often documented.

Conclusion:

Histopathology, with the use of certain stains, continues to be the most reliable method for identifying and classifying granulomatous lesions. Despite the broad use of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, infections, including tuberculosis (TB), remain the primary cause of granulomatous lesions in our community.
Calotropis procera: Network Pharmacology-based Virtual Screening and Molecular Mechanism Exploration against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Pisal Harshad , Mahajan Amrita
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

This study strategically investigates the antihepatocarcinogenic properties of Calotropis procera, also known as milkweed. Despite extensive literature on its ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, recent comprehensive analyses of its therapeutic potential and toxicity are lacking. This research utilizes network pharmacology, virtual screening, and molecular mechanism validation to explore its efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A network pharmacology-based approach was employed to identify active ingredients and elucidate potential molecular mechanisms of C. procera in HCC treatment. Techniques included active component screening, target prediction, gene ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, complemented by molecular docking validation.

RESULTS:

The study identified 41 active constituents and 10 critical gene targets, including AKT1, TP53, tumor necrosis factor, BCL2, and EGFR. Network analysis revealed that C. procera influences tumor-associated signaling pathways, suggesting a promising preventive impact on hepatocellular carcinoma.

CONCLUSION:

The findings underscore the potential of C. procera as a natural therapeutic agent for HCC. By modulating key signaling pathways, it presents a dual approach to enhancing therapeutic efficacy while ensuring safety. This research lays the groundwork for future exploration of C. procera-derived compounds in pharmaceutical and biomedical contexts, opening avenues for innovative cancer treatment strategies.
Navigating healthcare leadership: Theories, challenges, and practical insights for the future
Authors: Singh PK , Singh S , Kumari V , Tiwari M
Published: December 2024

Effective healthcare leadership is essential to ensure high-quality patient care and foster a supportive work environment for healthcare professionals. This review aims to consolidate existing healthcare leadership literature to provide evidence-based insights that can guide leadership development, improve team performance, and enhance patient care outcomes. A systematic search of academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and Google Scholar was performed using keywords related to healthcare leadership. Studies were selected based on their relevance, peer-reviewed status, and focus on healthcare settings. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings from the selected studies. The review explores various leadership theories, including Great Man, trait, behavioral, transactional, transformational, and contingency theories, highlighting their relevance and application in healthcare. Effective healthcare leaders must possess traits such as vision, emotional intelligence, adaptability, and ethical integrity to navigate the complexities of modern healthcare. The review categorizes different leadership styles, including authoritarian, transformational, transactional, servant, and participative, and discusses their application in specific healthcare contexts. Leaders face challenges such as balancing personal and professional responsibilities, adapting to technological advancements, managing financial constraints, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Healthcare leadership requires a dynamic and adaptable approach that integrates various leadership theories and styles to address the unique challenges of the healthcare environment. This review underscores the importance of leadership development programs and calls for further research to explore the practical implementation of leadership strategies in diverse healthcare settings. The findings provide actionable insights for healthcare leaders to tailor their leadership styles to the specific needs of their teams and organizational contexts, ultimately enhancing patient care and operational efficiency.
A case of mesalamine potentiating hypoprothrombinemic effect of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy resulting in life-threatening bleeding
Authors: Prabhu RS , Rahmathullah SN , Ahammad J
Published: December 2024

A 76-year-old male patient, who underwent a post-aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve in 2006, was on oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, maintaining a stable therapeutic level of anticoagulation until 2022. He had a new diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in 2022, following which he was started on mesalamine. He had been having a supratherapeutic level of anticoagulation, as evidenced by an international normalized ratio (INR) of 12 to 14 on multiple occasions since 2022, leading to gastrointestinal bleeding, necessitating multiple packed red cell transfusions. He presented to us in August 2024 with severe anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding. The evaluation revealed severe depletion of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. In this report, we discuss the possible drug–drug interactions between mesalamine and vitamin K antagonists, which went unrecognized leading to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding.
Correlations of the expression of Cx43, SCFFBXW7, p-cyclin E1 (Ser73), p-cyclin E1 (Thr77) and p-cyclin E1 (Thr395) in colon cancer tissues
Authors: Luan Rong-Gang , Liu Ming-Da , Deng Zi-Feng , Lu Cong-Lan , Yu Mei-Ling , Zhang Ming-Yu , Liu Rong , An Ran , Yao You-Liang , Guo Dong-Bei , Zhang Yong-Xing , Zhao Lei
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Previous cellular studies have demonstrated that elevated expression of Cx43 promotes the degradation of cyclin E1 and inhibits cell proliferation through ubiquitination. Conversely, reduced expression results in a loss of this capacity to facilitate cyclin E degradation. The ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin E1 may be associated with phosphorylation at specific sites on the protein, with Cx43 potentially enhancing this process by facilitating the phosphorylation of these critical residues.

AIM

To investigate the correlation between expression of Cx43, SKP1/Cullin1/F-box (SCF)FBXW7, p-cyclin E1 (ser73, thr77, thr395) and clinicopathological indexes in colon cancer.

METHODS

Expression levels of Cx43, SCFFBXW7, p-cyclin E1 (ser73, thr77, thr395) in 38 clinical colon cancer samples were detected by immunohistochemistry and were analyzed by statistical methods to discuss their correlations.

RESULTS

Positive rate of Cx43, SCFFBXW7, p-cyclin E1(Ser73), p-cyclin E1 (Thr77) and p-cyclin E1 (Thr395) in detected samples were 76.32%, 76.32%, 65.79%, 5.26% and 55.26% respectively. Positive expressions of these proteins were not related to the tissue type, degree of tissue differentiation or lymph node metastasis. Cx43 and SCFFBXW7(r = 0.749), p-cyclin E1 (Ser73) (r = 0.667) and p-cyclin E1 (Thr395) (r = 0.457), SCFFBXW7 and p-cyclin E1 (Ser73) (r = 0.703) and p-cyclin E1 (Thr395) (0.415) were correlated in colon cancer (P < 0.05), and expressions of the above proteins were positively correlated in colon cancer.

CONCLUSION

Cx43 may facilitate the phosphorylation of cyclin E1 at the Ser73 and Thr195 sites through its interaction with SCFFBXW7, thereby influencing the ubiquitination and degradation of cyclin E1.
Water-assisted colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases: From technical implications to diagnostic and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Pellegrino Raffaele , Palladino Giovanna , Izzo Michele , De Costanzo Ilaria , Landa Fabio , Federico Alessandro , Gravina Antonietta Gerarda
Published: December 2024

Water-assisted colonoscopy (WAC) application in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) endoscopy offers significant technical opportunities. Traditional gas-aided insufflation colonoscopy increases patient discomfort, presenting challenges in the frequent and detailed mucosal assessments required for IBD endoscopy. WAC techniques, including water immersion and exchange, provide superior patient comfort and enhanced endoscopic visualisation. WAC effectively reduces procedural pain, enhances bowel cleanliness, and increases adenoma detection rates, which is crucial for colorectal cancer screening and disease-related evaluations in IBD patients. Additionally, underwater techniques facilitate basic and advanced endoscopic resections, such as polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal and submucosal resections, often required for resecting IBD-associated neoplasia.
High Joule heat as a risk factor for post-endoscopic submucosal dissection electrocoagulation syndrome: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Ochi Masanori , Yamamoto Asaji , Suematsu Satoshi , Fukuda Keita , Morishige Kenjiro , Oka Yasuhiro , Ishikawa Yuta , Ueyama Shunsuke , Hiroshima Yoshinori , Omae Yoshio , Kusano Fumihiko , Kamoshida Toshiro
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Thermal damage may lead to inflammation of the peeled mucosal surface during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

AIM

To determine the effect of Joule heat on the onset of post-ESD electrocoagulation syndrome (PECS).

METHODS

In this prospective study, PECS was characterized by in-hospital fever (white blood cell count: ≥ 10000 μ/L or body temperature ≥ 37.5 °C) and abdominal pain (visual analog scale score ≥ 30 mm during hospitalization or increased by ≥ 20 mm from baseline at admission). High Joule heat was defined as 15390 J. Between April 2020 and April 2024, 209 patients underwent colorectal ESD; those with intraoperative perforation or penetration were excluded. The remaining 202 patients were divided into the PECS and non-PECS groups.

RESULTS

PECS occurred in 30 (14.9%) patients. Multivariate analysis revealed high Joule heat as an independent factor associated with PECS (odds ratio = 7.96; 95% confidence interval: 2.91-21.8, P < 0.01). The procedure time and presence of lesions in the right colon were not associated with PECS.

CONCLUSION

Accumulated thermal damage on the peeled mucosal surface should be considered during PECS onset. This thermal damage is likely a major component of the mechanism underlying PECS.
Model-based Evaluation of Advanced Energy Management Control
Strategies for Heavy-Duty Fuel Cell Powertrains
Authors: Sadekar Gaurav , Batool Sadaf , Baburaj Adithya , Goyal Vasu , Joshi Satyum , Franke Michael
Published: December 2024

In recent years, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have become a promising
alternative to battery electric vehicles in medium- and heavy-duty on-road
applications, which specifically require long vehicle range, high payload
capacity, and fast refueling times. While FCEVs are more likely to meet these
requirements, they come with their own challenges of high upfront system cost,
reduced system efficiency at high load, on-board hydrogen storage system
packaging, and fuel cell system (FCS) durability. To address these challenges,
it is critical to ensure optimal propulsion system component sizing during the
concept phase as well as ensure optimal propulsion system energy management
during vehicle operation. In a previous publication, authors presented a
model-based approach for system sizing and optimization of FCEV propulsion
system components for a Class 8 long-haul application. In this study, the
authors have evaluated and optimized multiple advanced propulsion system energy
management control strategies to maximize the FCEV propulsion system efficiency
during vehicle operation.

Specifically, several energy management strategies were evaluated with the
primary objective of reducing hydrogen consumption through efficient power split
between FCS and high-voltage battery, while maintaining vehicle performance and
sustaining battery state of charge (SOC). A 1D multi-physics-based plant model
of the vehicle propulsion and thermal system was developed in GT-SUITE and
validated against vehicle test data. The validated plant model was then used for
model-in-loop (MiL) simulations to evaluate multiple control strategies such as
rule-based, equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), and dynamic
programming (DP), on real-world drive cycles.
Off-Highway Collision Avoidance System Leveraging Cellular
Vehicle-to-Everything and Software-Defined Vehicle Architecture
Authors: Feiguel Matthieu , Obando David , Alzubi Hamzeh , AlRousan Qusay , Tasky Thomas
Published: December 2024

The off-highway industry witnesses a vast growth in integrating new technologies
such as advance driver assistance systems (ADAS/ADS) and connectivity to the
vehicles. This is primarily due to the need for providing a safe operational
domain for the operators and other people. Having a full perception of the
vehicle’s surrounding can be challenging due to the unstructured nature of the
field of operation. This research proposes a novel collective perception system
that utilizes a C-V2X Roadside Unit (RSU)-based object detection system as well
as an onboard perception system. The vehicle uses the input from both systems to
maneuver the operational field safely. This article also explored implementing a
software-defined vehicle (SDV) architecture on an off-highway vehicle aiming to
consolidate the ADAS system hardware and enable over-the-air (OTA) software
update capability. Test results showed that FEV’s collective perception system
was able to provide the necessary nearby and non-line-of-sight detections to the
vehicle’s controls algorithms and the vehicle was able to navigate the
environment safely.
Development of Lubricants Using Re-Refined Base Stocks—An Effort
toward Circular Economy
Authors: Maloth Swamy , Joshi Ratnadeep S. , Mishra Gopal Swaroop , Samant Nagesh N. , Bhadhavath Sanker , Seth Sarita , Bhardwaj Anil , Paul Subinoy , Arora Ajay Kumar , Maheshwari Mukul
Published: December 2024

Re-refining of used lubricating oil is an economically attractive and effective
recycling method that contributes significantly to resource conservation and
environmental protection. The effective re-refining process of used lubricating
oil undergoes thorough purification to remove contaminants and to produce high
yield and good quality base oil suitable for reuse in lubricant formulation.
Used lubricating oils have various hazardous materials, these can be processed
with safe and efficient methods required to recover high-quality base oil
products. Typically, used lubricating oil is a mixture of various types of
additives, base oils, and viscometric grades as per the different types
automotive and industrial applications. Re-refined base oils can be re-used to
produce lubricants such as industrial and automotive lubricants like passenger
car motor oils, transmission fluids, hydraulic oils, and gear oils. API
classified base oils into two categories namely mineral base oils API Group
I–III and synthetic base oils Group IV–V. Re-refined base oils meeting API Group
I and II quality standards are mostly produced by re-refiners.

In this article, the author has evaluated lubricating oils: gear oil meeting API
GL4 specifications based on 25% re-refined base oil to assess the performance of
these lubricants in comparison to conventional base oil-based lubricants. This
study includes physicochemical tests, lab performance tests (rust, corrosion,
shear stability, and oxidation), and tribological performance tests, i.e., weld
load, wear scar diameter, and friction performance by MTM was also evaluated.
Test results show similar performance in terms of low temperature, oxidation,
and friction performance in 25% re-refined base oil-based lubricant with respect
to conventional base oil-based products.
Design and Implementation of a Detailed Digital Fuel Indicator System
for Accurate Fuel Monitoring
Authors: Mallieswaran K. , Nithya R. , Rajendran Shuruti , Arulaalan M.
Published: December 2024

This research introduces a Detailed Digital Fuel Indicator (DDFI) system to
enhance fuel monitoring accuracy in automobiles using advanced infrared (IR)
sensor technology for precise fuel level detection. The innovative system
includes a secondary tank, meticulously calibrated to the volumetric ratio of
the primary tank, to ensure consistent and accurate readings. The DDFI system
provides real-time data on fuel levels with an impressive accuracy of ±5%, a
notable improvement over the traditional methods. Key components of the system
include an IR sensor, a programmable integrated circuit (IC), and a secondary
tank fabricated from galvanized iron (GI) sheet metal, ensuring durability and
reliability in various environmental conditions. The system is designed to be
user-friendly, offering an intuitive interface for drivers to monitor fuel
levels effortlessly. Additionally, the DDFI system integrates seamlessly with
existing vehicle systems, allowing for easy installation and minimal
maintenance. The findings signify a significant advancement in fuel management
technology, promising efficient vehicle operation, reduced fuel wastage, and an
improved overall user experience. This study highlights the potential for
further developments in digital fuel monitoring, paving the way for smarter,
more efficient automotive technologies.
Study on Grain Refinement Efficiency of Cast Aluminum Alloy via
Aluminium Titanium Boron Addition
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Manivannan S. , Das A. Daniel , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys is a common industrial practice,
particularly for automobile casting. The grain refines with titanium agent
influence better mechanical behaviour such as higher yield and ultimate tensile
strength rather than monolithic alloy. Present study, the halide salt method has
been used to produce the Al-Ti-B grain refiners with different Ti/B ratios. The
prepared grain refiner is added in A356 alloy and observed its grain refining
efficiency. The addition of grain refiner to A356 aluminium alloy at different
holding times, such as 10, 20, and 30 min, allowed it to solidify. It is found
that 30 min of holding time with 5Ti1B improves the hardness (40%) and ultimate
tensile strength (UTS) value (63.56%). A high degree of grain refinement was
observed in a 30-minute holding time with 5Ti1B with improved grain refining
efficiency of 3 %. Its microstructural observation and tensile properties helped
us understand this grain refinement.
Autonomous Mobile Robot for Gas Leak Localization
Authors: Feroz Ali L. , Madhankumar S. , Hariush V.C. , Jahath Pranav R. , Jayadeep J. , Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2024

LIDAR-based autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are gradually being used for gas
detection in industries. They detect tiny changes in the composition of the
environment in indoor areas that is too risky for humans, making it ideal for
the detection of gases. This current work focusses on the basic aspect of gas
detection and avoiding unwanted accidents in industrial sectors by using an AMR
with LIDAR sensor capable of autonomous navigation and MQ2 a gas detection
sensor for identifying the leakages including toxic and explosive gases, and can
alert the necessary personnel in real-time by using simultaneous localization
and mapping (SLAM) algorithm and gas distribution mapping (GDM). GDM in
accordance with SLAM algorithm directs the robot towards the leakage point
immediately thereby avoiding accidents. Raspberry Pi 4 is used for efficient
data processing and hardware part accomplished with PGM45775 DC motor for
movements with 2D LIDAR allowing 360° mapping. The adoption of LIDAR-based AMRs
for gas detection is expected to increase in the future, as more industries
realize the benefits of this technology.
Study of Hardness and Compression Strength of Carbon Fibre Reinforced
Poly-Lactic Acid Composites Fabricated by Fused Deposition
Modelling
Authors: Sugumar Suresh , Dhamodaran Gopinath , Seetharaman Pradeepkumar , Sivakumar Rajkamal
Published: December 2024

3-Dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing technology that deposits
materials in layers to build a three-dimensional component. Fused Deposition
Modelling (FDM) is the most widely used 3D printing technique to produce the
thermoplastic components. In FDM, the printing process parameters have a major
role in controlling the performance of fabricated components. In this study,
carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites were fabricated using FDM technique
based on Taguchi's Design of experimental approach. The matrix and reinforcement
materials were poly-lactic acid (PLA) and short carbon fibre, respectively. The
goal of this study is to optimize the FDM process parameters in order to obtain
the carbon fibre reinforced PLA composites with enhanced hardness and
compressive strength values. Shore-D hardness and compression tests were carried
out as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2240 and ASTM D695
standards respectively, to measure the output responses. The FDM process
parameters considered in this study are layer height, infill density and infill
pattern. The grey relational analysis (GRA) based multi-response optimization
technique is used to optimize the process parameters. Analysis of variance is
used to determine the most influential process parameter. The results showed
that 3D printed components with improved performance characteristics could be
achieved at 0.1mm layer height, Grid shaped infill pattern, and
75g/cm3 infill density with a Shore-D hardness value of 76 and
compressive strength of 42 N/mm2. It was identified that for
multi-response optimization of equal weightage condition, the layer height
contributed 44.44% followed by the contribution of Infill pattern and Infill
density by 25.93% and 18.04% respectively. The developed regression model
predicted the grade value at 90% confidence interval.
Assessing the Engine Performance of Rubber Seed Oil Biodiesel Blends
in Compression Ignition
Authors: Jayabal Ravikumar , Lionus Leo G. M. , Madhu S.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the efficiency of a compression ignition (CI) engine
powered by biodiesel derived from rubber seed oil (RSO) and its various blends.
This research aims to assess the feasibility of using RSO biodiesel as a
substitute fuel in CI engines to reduce harmful emissions and the depletion of
fossil fuels. Initially, the process of obtaining rubber seed oil was preceded
by transesterification. After transesterification, the same was blended in
different proportions with conventional diesel in B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100.
Results show that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased with rising
concentration of biodiesel, particularly at higher blends. B100 had a 20-25%
lower BTE in every load condition than conventional diesel. The brake specific
fuel consumption (BSFC) generally decreased with increasing biodiesel content,
particularly at lower loads applied to the engine. B100 portrayed a perceptible
improvement of 25.6% in BSFC compared diesel at 1 kg load. This suggests that
higher biodiesel blends may reduce thermal efficiency. However, they could
provide better fuel economy, particularly at partial loading.
Characterization of Graphene and Titanium Carbide Reinforced
Magnesium Alloy Composite for Transmission Housings in
Automobile
Authors: Senthilkumar N.
Published: December 2024

This study presents the mechanical characterization studies on 3 wt.% graphene
(Gr) filled magnesium matrix composite reinforced with different weight
fractions (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt.%) of titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The
matrix is AZ91 alloy, and the nano magnesium composite (NMC) is fabricated via a
squeeze casting approach. The lightweight NMC is a potential solution for the
automobile industry, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to
environmental sustainability. Gr is added to enhance the composite's thermal
endurance and mechanical strength. Mechanical and corrosion studies are
performed as per the ASTM standards. The inclusion of Gr and 16 wt.% TiC tends
to enhance the mechanical durability and corrosion resilience of the NMC when
compared with other fabricated composites and cast alloys. The uniform dispersal
of NC and TiC and better mould properties lead to better strength. Higher
inclusion of TiC (20 wt.%) leads to brittleness, thereby decreasing the overall
wear loss by resisting abrasive, which lowers the composite's flexibility and
strength. The potential mechanism of adhesive wear is shown by the fact that TiC
and Gr decrease the intimate contact region between the composite and the EN31
counter-disc. Compared with as-cast alloy, AZ91+3%Gr+16%TiC produced 64.31%
higher porosity, 19.50%, 26.69%, 59.45%, and 19.66% higher UTS, micro-hardness,
impact, and flexural strength.
Wear Behaviour of Banana Fiber Mat/Rice Husk/ Multi-Walled Carbon
Nanotube Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composites Using Taguchi
Technique
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Ramu S. , Yuvaperiyasamy M. , Sabari K.
Published: December 2024

The main aim of this experimental study is to investigate the wear properties of
a hybrid composite material composed of a banana fibre mat, rice husk powder,
and an epoxy matrix polymer filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).
This research emphasizes the assessment of the composite's characteristics and
behaviour. The adjustment of various ratios of fibres and fillers within polymer
matrix hybrid composites finds application in numerous engineering fields,
particularly in the automotive and aerospace industries. The experimental
evaluation is conducted using a pin-on-disk wear tester to analyze the specimens
in terms of pin wear, friction coefficient, and friction force. Experimental
trials were conducted using L9 orthogonal arrays following the
Taguchi design of experiments, and the output response was optimized by
implementing a hybrid approach of Gray relational analysis. It depends upon the
suitability of the wear performance needs of the application to obtain the
optimal range of use and study of ANOVA software. The ideal conditions have been
attained to minimize wear, coefficient of friction, and friction force. After
the testing, the specimen's scanning electron/optical microscope images
illustrate the wear and primary wear mechanisms. Confirmed experiments with
optimal conditions show that the results are closer to the expected results.