bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the artificial forest (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) root-soil water interactions in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Li Hongyu , Luo Yi , Sun Lin , Li Xiangdong , Ma Changkun , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Ting , Zhu Haoyang
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Plant root–soil water interactions are fundamental to vegetation–water relationships. Soil water availability and distribution impact the temporal–spatial dynamics of roots and vice versa. In the Loess Plateau (LP) of China, where semiarid and arid climates prevail and deep loess soil is dominant, drying soil layers (DSLs) have been extensively reported in artificial forest land; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study proposes a root growth model that simulates both the dynamic rooting depth and fine root distribution, coupled with soil water, based on cost–benefit optimisation. Evaluation of field data at an artificial forest site of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in the southern LP positively proves its performance. Further, a long-term simulation was performed to address the DSL issues, which were forced by a 50-year climatic data series, under variations in precipitation. The results demonstrate that incorporating the dynamic rooting depth into the currently available root growth models is necessary for reproducing the drying soil processes. The top 2.0 m is the most active zone of infiltration and root water uptake, and below which the fractions of fine roots and uptake are small but cause a persistently negative water balance and consequent DSLs. The upper boundary of the DSLs fluctuates strongly with infiltration events, while the lower boundary extends successively owing to the interception of most infiltration by the top 2.0 m layer. Coupling the root–water interactions helps to reveal the intrinsic properties of DSLs, with the persistent extension of its thickness and rare opportunities for recovery from the drying state. This study may have negative implications for the implementation of artificial afforestation in this semiarid region, as well as in other regions of similar climate and soils.
Probabilistic modeling of field-scale CO2 generation by carbonate–clay reactions in sedimentary basins
Authors: Ceriotti Giulia , Geloni Claudio , Dalla Rosa Matilde , Guadagnini Alberto , Porta Giovanni
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This work explores a probabilistic modeling workflow and its implementation targeting CO2 generation rate and CO2 source location by the occurrence of carbonate–clay reactions (CCRs) in three-dimensional realistic sedimentary basins.
We ground our study on the methodology proposed for a one-dimensional case study and a single CCR formulation by Ceriotti et al. (2017) which includes a framework to account for thermodynamic parameter uncertainties.
This methodology is here extended to a realistic three-dimensional sedimentary basin setting and transferred to encompass different types of CCRs, including two newly formulated CCRs which account for minerals typically observed in sedimentary environments.
While testing the ability of the selected procedure to model diverse CCRs in three-dimensional realistic subsurface sedimentary systems, we quantitatively compare the impact of CCR formulation on the spatial distribution of CO2 source location, temperature and pressure compatible with CO2 gaseous generation, and CO2 generation rate in three-dimensional environments characterized by complex and non-uniform stratigraphy. The application of the procedure to various types of CCRs enables us to provide an insight into the impact of mineralogical composition on the activation temperature and pressure and the amount of CO2 released by the different CCR mechanisms. Finally, we show the implementation of the proposed probabilistic framework to define scenarios associated with various levels of probability to be used as the input and boundary conditions for CO2 migration and transport models in the subsurface.
Nuclear magnetic resonance free ligand conformations and atomic resolution dynamics
Authors: Balazs Amber Y. S. , Davies Nichola L. , Longmire David , Packer Martin J. , Chiarparin Elisabetta
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of free ligand conformational preferences
(energy minima) and conformational dynamics (rotational energy barriers) of
small molecules in solution can guide drug design hypotheses and help rank
ideas to bias syntheses towards more active compounds. Visualization of
conformational exchange dynamics around torsion angles, by replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics (REST-MD), gives results in agreement with high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and complements free ligand conformational analyses. Rotational energy barriers around individual
bonds are comparable between calculated and experimental values, making the
in-silico method relevant to ranking prospective design ideas in drug discovery programs, particularly across a series of analogs. Prioritizing
design ideas, based on calculations and analysis of measurements across a
series, efficiently guides rational discovery towards the “right molecules”
for effective medicines.
Optimal scheduling of the next preventive maintenance activity for a wind farm
Authors: Yu Quanjiang , Patriksson Michael , Sagitov Serik
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A large part of the operational cost for a wind farm is due to the cost of equipment maintenance, especially for offshore wind farms. How to reduce the maintenance cost, and hence increase profitability, is this article's focus. It presents a binary linear optimization model whose solution may inform the wind turbine owners about which components, and when, should undergo the next preventive maintenance (PM) replacements. The suggested short-term scheduling strategy takes into account eventual failure events of the multi-component system – in that after the failed system is repaired, the previously scheduled PM plan should be updated, assuming that the restored components are as good as new. The optimization algorithm of this paper, NextPM, is tested through numerical case studies applied to a four-component model of a wind turbine. The first study addresses the important case of a single component system, used for parameter calibration purposes. The second study analyses the case of seasonal variations of mobilization costs, as compared to the constant mobilization cost setting. Among other things, this analysis reveals a 35 % cost reduction achieved by the NextPM model, as compared to the pure corrective maintenance (CM) strategy. The third case study compares the NextPM model with another optimization model – the preventive maintenance scheduling problem with interval costs (PMSPIC), which was the major source of inspiration for this article. This comparison demonstrates that the NextPM model is accurate and much faster in terms of computational time.
CLOSED TOREY LAKES: IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREDICT CHANGES IN HYDROLOGICAL REGIME?
Authors:   Planeta Research Center for Space Hydrometeorology, Kashnitskaya M. A. , Bolgov M. V. ,   Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

A model of the water balance of Torey Lakes is proposed. The model is based on the integration of satellite data for 1989-2020 and ground-based observation data for the period of 1965- 2018. The analysis of long-term changes in the water level in the lakes revealed its cyclicity. A possible change in the level of Torey Lakes is estimated taking into account the impact of the construction of a hydraulic structure on the transboundary Ul’dza River. Variants of the planned development of water use in the Mongolian part of the catchment area in the form of the water inflow reduction by 10 and 20% are considered. The water balance model is used to demonstrate a possible negative impact of inflow variations on the hydrological regime of the lakes.
ASSESSING STATISTICS ANXIETY IN AN ONLINE OR HYBRID SETTING: THE ADAPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INSTRUMENT SASOH
Authors: Liu Lu
Published: June 2021

With the purpose of developing an instrument for measuring statistics anxiety in the online or hybrid setting, this study tested the newly developed instrument in two stages. Results on item selection and exploratory factor analysis based on pilot testing (n = 115) are presented. Results on classical item analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis, the measurement invariance test results, and the predictive and discriminant validity of the final model based on formal testing (n = 709) are presented. The resulting Statistics Anxiety Scale in the Online or Hybrid setting instrument (SASOH) has 27 items and four dimensions. The four dimensions are Class and Interpretation Anxiety (CI), Fear of Asking for Help Anxiety (FA), Online System Anxiety (OS), and Pre-Conception Anxiety (PC). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the four-factor SASOH model represents an adequate description of statistics anxiety in an online or hybrid setting. Moreover, multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis affirmed that the resulting model achieved at least partial measurement and structural invariance across gender and program. In addition, attitudes toward statistics significantly predicts the four factors of statistics anxiety, and the discriminant validity from mathematics anxiety was confirmed. Recommendations for future studies are also provided.
First report on the pollination of Neotinea maculata (Orchidaceae) by minor worker ants of the Temnothorax exilis group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: García Gila Jaime , Blasco Aróstegui Javier
Published: June 2021

Ants commonly visit flowers seeking for food resources such as nectar. However, only eight species of orchids are known for having an effective pollinaria removal by ants. In this study, the visit of the orchid Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Stearn by ants is described in one of the three known populations from the province of Valladolid (Spain). Through direct observation, six minor worker ants of Temnothorax exilis (Emery, 1869) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) group were found visiting flowers of six plants of N. maculata, and four of them were carrying pollinaria on their heads. Other insects were not observed with pollinaria or visiting the flowers. Overall, we found that 33.3% of all the flowers had no pollinaria (96 flowers without pollinaria in a total of 288 flowers). Nevertheless, despite ants observed in the field only promoted cross-pollination between flowers of the same individual (geitonogamy), there is a possibility that the ant will visit another plant’s inflorescence. Thus, ants could be considered not only as visitors but also as true pollinators of N. maculata.
Méandres d’une civilisation d’illusions : la société postmoderne en question dans Extension du domaine de la lutte de Michel Houellebecq et Un roman français de Frédéric Beigbeder
Authors: Ngamaleu Armel Jovensel
Published: June 2021

Cet article analyse les réalités socioéconomiques, politiques et culturelles qui caractérisent la société occidentale postmoderne mise en fiction par Michel Houellebecq et Frédéric Beigbeder, respectivement dans Extension du domaine de la lutte et Un roman français. Plus spécifiquement, il interroge les effets pervers que les idéologies dominantes induisent sur l’individu et les réactions de celui-ci face à ces facteurs d’aliénation sociale. S’appuyant sur une approche sociologique de la littérature, notamment à travers le concept de socialité emprunté à la sociocritique, cette réflexion montre que l’individu occidental contemporain est pris au piège d’un système social générateur de frustrations et d’amertume, bref, d’insatisfaction permanente causée, entre autres, par l’hypercommunication, le néolibéralisme, l’hyperconsumérisme et l’individualisme. Il ressort que la civilisation occidentale est une civilisation d’illusions.
Enhanced Region of Interest Extraction method for Finger Vein Images
Authors: Shaaban Prof Hindrustum
Published: June 2021

Extracting Region of Interest (ROI) is an important step for finger vein recognition system. The purpose of this process is to determine the part of the image that we need for extracting features. In this paper we present an ROI extraction method that overcome the problems of finger rotation and displacement. We first locate the finger midline to be used in correcting the oblique images. We then use a sliding window to determine the Proximal inter phalangeal joint and to further identify the ROI height. Finally, from the corrected image of a certain height, the ROI is obtained through the use of finger edges internal tangents as ROI boundaries. The results prove that our method in a more accurate and effective manner in comparison with the method of [1], and thus enhance the performance of the system.
Student Opinions on Efficacy-Based Learning Approach in Science and Technology Teaching: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Yeşilyurt Mustafa , Erol Mustafa
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to examine the thoughts of teacher candidates on Science and Technology Teaching based on effectiveness. For this purpose, data were obtained by using qualitative research methods. The research was conducted from qualitative research patterns in the phenomenology pattern. In the 2017-2018 academic year, an easily accessible sampling method was used in the research conducted at a State University in Istanbul. In this study, ten students were interviewed by using semi-structured interview forms and data were obtained within the limitations of these Interview Questions. In the semi-structured interview form, questions were applied as pilot practice with the participation of two students and the understanding of the questions was tested. The data collected was analyzed by content analysis and the students ' perceptions about activity based learning were determined. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the learning approach with an activity-based approach affects the thoughts of teacher candidates in a positive way. Based on the findings obtained, it can be said that activity-based learning in Science and Technology Teaching increases the effectiveness of teaching.
Memória - Paulo Freire na UEPG
Authors: Mainardes Jefferson , Machado Érico Ribas , Paula Lucimara Cristina de , Cartaxo Simone R. M.
Published: June 2021

Memória da vinda de Paulo Freire à UEPG (1992).
Storytelling to enhance speaking and listening skills for English young learners: A case study at language centers in Binh Duong province
Authors: Tran Du Thanh
Published: June 2021

With the availability of English teaching and learning facilities in most schools as well as in English language centers in Vietnam nowadays, storytelling is believed to be one of the most suitable techniques to improve young learners’ communicative competences; therefore, it should be further investigated and promoted. With the aim of fully exploiting storytelling in Vietnamese English language teaching contexts, the research is designed to discuss and evaluate its effectiveness as a teaching technique to enhance young learners’ speaking and listening skills - a well-matched couple of oral competences. Conducted with mixed research methods through the use of questionnaires, interview and observation, the outcomes, conclusions, theories as well as evaluations and recommendations put forward in the study are of great validity and reliability. Based on the rationale of this teaching technique, some models and activities for teaching demonstration are designed and carried out in real language environments in order to evaluate its advantages as well as disadvantages. From what have been discovered, the study can serve as a reference for teachers who wish to enhance their students’ listening and speaking skills by means of storytelling.
Motivation in foreign language classrooms at tertiary level: A case study
Authors: Khau Anh Hoang , Thach La Pho
Published: June 2021

In teaching and learning a foreign language, especially English, motivation plays an extremely integral part in ensuring success. In this study, the researchers attempt to provide an overview of research on motivation and discover how motivation can assist second or foreign language learning in classrooms of English-majored students in the university setting. This study aims to investigate whether English-majored learners are motivated in learning English or not, focusing on extrinsic motivational factors to identify the factors to develop their motivation and maintain their journey of learning English. A questionnaire is devised and administered to 52 senior English-majored students. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS version 20. The results suggest that learners’ motivation is related to learning facilities and teacher’s personality which can encourage learners to think more positively and thus be more motivated in their language learning process. Along with providing specific recommendations for further research on motivation, the paper concludes by calling on for adopting a range of motivational factors that can promote English as a foreign or second language learning.
How Effective Adult Patients of Delhi NCR with Musculoskeletal Disorders Found Their Physiotherapy Treatment and Their Awareness and Perception about Physiotherapy - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Singh Varun Pratap , Gupta Saksham
Published: June 2021

Background: Physical therapy is very well known for its vital role in health promotion, treating, and preventing a wide spectrum of health disorders. It is considered an indispensable part of the recovery of patients with musculoskeletal disorders and is regarded as an important field of medicine in the health sector.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to find how effective patients of musculoskeletal disorders found physical therapy in their journey of recovery and their Awareness and Perception about Physiotherapy
Method: Online cross-sectional survey developed by the authors was conducted using Google Forms. A total of 26 questions excluding questions regarding general demographics of patients, were designed in this web-based survey. Non-probability purposive sampling method was used. The survey was distributed via emails/WhatsApp to 260 adult patients residing in Delhi NCR, who approached physiotherapy for musculoskeletal conditions. Based on the responses, percentage analysis was done.
Result and Conclusion: Out of 260 only 231 patients responded (male = 126 female = 105) between age group 20 to 92 residing in Delhi and NCR. Majority of the patients found physiotherapy an effective treatment option and were satisfied with their overall physiotherapy experience. Yet a large number of patients couldn’t identify the role of physiotherapy in health sector. People of Delhi-NCR still lack awareness about the various specializations in Physiotherapy and many patients were unable to identify the role of a physiotherapist and confused them with other healthcare professionals like Massage Therapists, Chiropractors and Acupuncturist.

Key words: Awareness, Effective, Musculoskeletal, Perception, Physical therapy, Treatment.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Unusual Cause of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Al Aamri Lamya , Dahrouj Raafat , Al Awaid Nasser
Published: June 2021

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare multisystem disease, predominately affect premenopausal female. LAM could be an inherited disease associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex syndrome or sporadic. Most common pulmonary symptoms are dyspnea and pneumothorax. We report 31- year female, presented with right-side pneumothorax chest drainage was inserted. Further investigation revealed multiple cystic lesions in chest computed tomography images suggestive of LAM disease. She underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATs) to obtain a lung biopsy. Histopathology lung tissue confirms pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

Key words: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis; Tuberous Sclerosis Complex syndrome; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Validation and Reliability of the Gujarati Version of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+)
Authors: Shingala Mansi , Shukla Yagna
Published: June 2021

Background: PAR-Q+ is self reported questionnaire and majorly used as a part of screening and to rule out the risk criteria before getting engaged in any physical activity program. As it is the self reported screening tool, it is necessary to translate the English questionnaire into the regional language.
Method: PAR-Q+ was translated into Gujarati by using forward-backward-forward translation method. Reliability of the translated final Gujarati version was assessed on 30 participants with different age group.
Result: There is an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’alpha=1; p<0.05) and almost perfect test retest reliability (ĸ=1; p<0.05) found for PAR- Q+ Gujarati version. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ=1) suggested Significant correlation between original English and translated Gujarati scales.
Conclusion: This Gujarati version of PAR-Q+ can help many of the Gujarati speaking people to screen themselves before participating any physical activity program.

Key words: Gujarati PAR-Q+, translation of PAR-Q+, validity and reliability of Physical activity readiness questionnaire.
Effects of Abdominal Control Feedback and Scapular Stabilization Exercise on Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Ganu Sneha , Gor Ushma
Published: June 2021

Neck pain caused by functional impairment of the cervical spine is manageable with the appropriate intervention. This study aimed to prove that the addition of Abdominal Control Feedback to the conventional protocol, that included only Scapular Stabilization Exercises, would assist with pain minimization, increased available range of movement at the cervical spine, elevation in the endurance time of the deep flexor and extensor group of cervical muscles, better proprioception and an overall decrease in the disability caused due to the pain. A total of 40 participants with chronic mechanical neck pain in the age group of 18-40 years and a pain scale rating of less than 7 on the Visual Analog Scale were chosen and randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=20) received Scapular stabilization exercises without Abdominal control feedback for 6 weeks whereas Group 2 (n=20) received Scapular stabilization exercises along with Abdominal control feedback for 6 weeks. Pain, range of motion, endurance, proprioception and disability were assessed before and after the interventions. There were significant intra group differences in pain, range, endurance, proprioception and disability in both the groups 1 and 2. There were significant inter group differences in pain and endurance siding with group 2. No significant inter group differences were observed in range of motion, proprioception and disability. This verified that the addition of Abdominal control feedback to Scapular stabilization exercises aided in reducing neck pain and increasing endurance time in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain.

Key words: Neck pain, Abdominal control feedback, Scapular stabilization.
Socioeconomic, Nutritional Profile Correlates with Morbidity Risks and Quality of Health Status among Elderly Residing at Old Age Home & Residence from Different Region of South Karnataka
Authors: Anudhar G Pooja , B. V Sushma
Published: June 2021

Ageing is the multidimensional process in humans with changes occurring in physical, psychological and social aspects which increase their proneness to health ailments. The associated functional impairment and physical inability will influence on their absorption and metabolism leading to the changes in nutritional status. Epidemiological study was conducted among the elderly subjects with respective to understand the quality of health in relation to the nutritional profile. Using a purposive randomized sampling technique, the elderly subjects were selected and assessed for the nutrition and health condition. The investigation comprises approximately 90 subjects of old age institutions and 90 subjects of residents from different domiciles. The study was conducted using standardized validated tools and checklist with oral interview technique and one to one interactions.
Findings: In accordance with the body mass evaluation; approximately 59% elderly living at own houses were under Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3 obesity in comparison to their counterpart. Medical health records indicated iron deficiency anemia among 10% of subjects. Gastritis, Diabetes, hypertension, arthritis was observed to be the major health problems. Comparatively 64% male elderly from household had oral problems and underwent for dentures. Often had three meal patterns in a day. Henceforth, there is a need to understand and address on the nutritional needs, etiology and demographic characteristics interlinked with comorbidities and health disabilities among aging population. Evidently a significant association was noticed between nutritional status on morbidities and health quality among elderly.

Key words: Old age home, elderly, Ageing, nutritional profile, quality of health.
To Study the Relationship between Neck Pain and Anxiety, Depression in Computer Workers – A Correlation Study
Authors: Parikh Pooja R , Amarnath T. Kanna
Published: June 2021

Background: Neck pain has become a common health problem all over the world, with a high rate of disability, present a negative impact on quality of life in people. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common illness in the community and play an important role in exacerbation of pain perception resulting in work impairment and decreased quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neck pain and anxiety, depression in computer workers.
Methodology: A “Neck Pain And Disability (NPAD) scale” and “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)” were filled by the 154 computer workers (Age of 20 to 60 years) and submitted scales through Google forms and interview method.
Result: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Spearman’s test of correlation was applied between the outcome measures. There were a strong positive correlation found between neck pain and anxiety (r = 0.707) and between neck pain and depression (r = 0.565).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated strong positive correlation between neck pain and anxiety and between neck pain and depression.

Key words: Neck pain, Anxiety, Depression, Computer workers.
Assessment of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Building Construction Workers in Maharashtra
Authors: Tanna Aditi , B. Gunjal Sambhaji
Published: June 2021

Background: In this era of globalization one of the growing industries is the construction industry and there are various occupational problems faced by the workers especially in Asian countries mostly in India; the problems are related to both physical and mental health. All the construction sites generate high concentration of dust particles from cement, silica, asbestos, concrete, wood, stand and stand that causes respiratory problems in the workers. PEFR is the maximum air that is generated after forceful expiration, after full lung inspiration. So if there is any accumulation of dust particles the PEFR decreases as the elasticity of lungs to recoil is distrusted due to the lodged particles.
Material and Method: A descriptive observation study was carried out on 50 building construction workers. The purpose of the study was explained and informed consent was taken. The PEFR was measured using peak expiratory flow meter. The data was analyzed using standard statistical software.
Result: The procedure of using peak flow meter that was carried out for 3 times and the highest value from the three was considered as peak flow rate, using statistical method mean and standard deviation were calculated. The mean of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate is 321.1 L/min.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the peak expiratory flow rate is reduced in building construction workers those who are working for than 2 years on the construction sites.

Key words: construction workers, occupation diseases, PEFR, peak expiratory flow meter.
Supporting Visual Literacy in Nursing
Authors: Fleming Jacqueline , Minix Amy
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 impacted in person learning, particularly for the health sciences. Nursing students learn valuable clinical skills in simulation labs on campus. When one university campus stopped in person instruction during the 2020 spring semester, two librarians worked together to identify resources to support a nursing course that quickly switched to remote learning. These resources ranged from library licensed content to free virtual reality simulations. In order to identify materials, the librarians first defined visual literacy within nursing, as well as met with various constituents to understand curriculum goals and needs. Making connections with both the faculty and the curriculum was the impetus for examining similarities between the Association of College and Research Libraries Visual Literacy Competency Standards and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Clinical Resources Essentials for Baccalaureate Nursing Education. Both librarians are eager to continue working on strategically and systematically incorporating visual literacy library instruction into the nursing curriculum.
Visual Literacy and Virtual Rephotography
Authors: McLeod Gary
Published: June 2021

Rephotography is a varied set of practices that begin with taking one or more pictures of the same subject. Valued for generating conversations in-situ about a place over time, recent large-scale migration to online learning draws attention to rephotography’s virtual modes. From examples that use online location software (e.g., Google Street View) to those in video game worlds, virtual rephotography might present convenient windows to unreachable destinations. However, rephotographing without having visited actual vantage points needs to take into account complexity and disjointedness introduced by such tools. Drawing from the author’s current practice-led research into photomedia, visual literacy and temporality in Northeastern Japan, emergent particularities are discussed for developing visual literacy through a necessary application of Google Street View.
Residue Levels of a Sub Lethal Dose of Organochlorine Endosulfan in Whole Fish of Tilapia Species Oreochromis niloticus.
Authors: Abugideiri, Yousif, B Alim, Dina I.M ,
Published: June 2021

Residual analysis of a sub lethal dose (0.02mg/l) of the insecticide endosulfan was studied in Nile tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus). The species showed an ability to accumulate both alpha and beta endosulfan reaching maximum after 48 hours’ exposure. Beyond which there was a steady elimination of the pesticide until reaching undetectable levels at day 7 for alpha endosulfan and day 9 for beta endosulfan. At day 11 none of the two isomers were detected. Results revealed higher levels of beta isomer relative to alpha isomer. Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of Total Endosulfan reached its maximum of 13,860 folds after 48 hours of exposure and minimum of 400 after seven days. At day 11 Endosulfan level was not detected. Following that BAF increased at day 13 to 11,420 folds and then decreased to 8,970 folds at day 15.
The extent of trace metals pollution in fruit dates palm and associated soil of Zilfi Province, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Suleman Nawal M
Published: June 2021

Fruits and vegetables are edible plant products that are good for health, some trace elements concentration (Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and V) which may be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi Province were determined by using ICP-MS spectrophotometer. The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in agricultural soil were found ranged as follows: Cu(5.8-16.6), Hg(1.4-3), Mn (55.9-506.9), Ni(3.6-48.1), Pb(7.2-184.4), V(82.6-136.5). Four samples (5,6.10 and 11) have been contaminated with lead when we compare these values with the maximum allowable limits for WHO for Pb(100mg/kg). The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in date palm fruit were found, ranged as follows: Cu (1.8-5.3), Hg (0.17-1.4), Mn (2.4-12.6), Ni (0.75-7.6), Pb (1.2-24.7), and V (11.6-17.3). All date samples were found to be contaminated with Mn element except sample (5). The concentrations of Nickel and Lead in all date palm fruits samples show high contamination compared to WHO/FAO limits for these elements. There have been highly pollution of soil and dates grown in the Zilfi Province elements by lead, but the pollution by mercury is only found in dates samples.
Kinship Politics: Political Elite’s Desire for Power Versus the Ethics of Consequentialism
Authors: Hamudy Nurul Annisa
Published: June 2021

Kinship Politics as a form of control of political space by the elites makes it easier for their family members to win an election against other candidates. Kinship Politics is prone to abuse of power that benefits just a few people. The author studied this problem using philosophical reflection. Humans have a relentless desire to achieve success or felicity (as Hobbes stated) that requires humans to continue accumulating power. Power must be attained and defended, although it means forgoing the ethical foundation. For this reason, this study aimed to analyse the moral consequences of the desire for power of the political elites in the 2020 Regional-Head Election (Pilkada) through an ethical lens. This study used descriptive and literature study method, as well as a qualitative approach, and the results of the study showed that the kinship politics in the 2020 Pilkada should not be continued in the perspective of consequentialism ethic that emphasizes the goal of happiness for as many people as possible, since Kinship politics that concentrated the power in one person supported by the circle of power will benefit only a handful of people.
Umowny podział rzeczy wspólnej do korzystania (quoad usum)
Authors: Wolak Grzegorz
Published: June 2021

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki umowy quoad usum zawieranej przez współwłaścicieli w celu określenia sposobu korzystania z rzeczy wspólnej. Na zawieranie takich umów pozwala art. 206 k.c. mający charakter normy iuris dispositivi. Poruszono w nim m.in. problem charakteru prawnego takiej umowy oraz dopuszczalności jej wypowiedzenia w oparciu o art. 3651 k.c. Autor stoi na stanowisku, że choć umowie tej bliżej do czynności prawnej zobowiązującej, niż rozporządzającej, to jednak nie ma do niej zastosowania art. 3651 k.c.
Pelatihan Menulis Teks Narasi Menggunakan Cartoon Story Maker di SMA Negeri Cilimus Kuningan
Authors: Dwiniasih Dwiniasih , Kusriandi Wendi , Sutisno Andi , Aminah Neneng
Published: June 2021

Guru merupakan pengelola dalam proses pengajaran, dan dalam pengelolaannya mereka dituntut kreatif dalam membangun proses pembelajaran yang menarik dan tercapai tujuan pembelajarannya. Dari hasil wawancara dan survei, ternyata masih banyak guru yang belum bisa untuk memanfaatkan fitur-fitur maupun aplikasi sebagai penunjang dalam pembelajaran daring. Hal ini akan menyulitkan pada rancangan proses kegiatan pembelajaran menulis yang dibuat yang meliputi materi, proses ajar, dan evaluasi. Keadaan ini akan membuat guru hanya terpaku pada buku ajar dan cara mengajar luring. Solusi dari permasalahan yang akan ditangani dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah memberikan pelatihan menulis teks narasi menggunakan media cartoon story maker bagi guru dan siswa di SMA Negeri Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan. Mitra pada kegiatan Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PKM) yang diusulkan ini adalah guru dan siswa di SMA Negeri Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan. Dengan kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dan siswa dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia SMA Negeri Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan merancang proses kegiatan KBM untuk peningkatan kemampuan menulis teks narasi.
Survivors Speak: How the Criminal Justice System Responds to Sexual Violence
Authors: Funnell Nina , Lee Bri , Mullins Saxon , Crowe Jonathan , James Nick
Published: June 2021

Studies show that one in five Australian women has been sexually assaulted in her lifetime. How well does our criminal justice system deal with this problem? Three prominent survivors of sexual violence—Nina Funnell, Bri Lee and Saxon Mullins—shared their experiences with the legal system at a panel discussion hosted by the Faculty of Law at Bond University on 6 June 2019. The panellists discussed the three main stages in the process—police, prosecutions and the courts—and reflected upon the challenges they encountered in their cases, as well as offering suggestions for reform. The panel was chaired by Professor Jonathan Crowe of Bond University and introduced by Professor Nick James, Executive Dean of the Faculty of Law. This is an edited transcript of the discussion.
Just How Common is the Common Law? A Historical and Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kiefel AC The Hon Susan
Published: June 2021

Extract: In the days of the British Empire, the colonies were expected to maintain consistency with the common law of England as expounded by the English courts and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in particular. The Privy Council was the final appellate court for the colonies. In 1879, Sir Montague E Smith, delivering the judgment of the Privy Council on an appeal from the Supreme Court of New South Wales said ‘it is of the utmost importance that in all parts of the empire where English law prevails, the interpretation of that law by the Courts should be as nearly as possible the same’.
Evolution and Complementarity? Traditional and Complementary Medicine as Part of the International Human Rights Law Right to Health
Authors: Doolan Angela , Carne Greg
Published: June 2021

In International Human Rights Law, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defines the right to health as the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Millions of people use traditional and complementary medicine (‘T&CM’) to realise their right to health. This article analyses whether the scope of the right to health includes T&CM. Although not expressly provided for in the legally binding treaties, there is substantial evidence in international law to infer a right to T&CM as part of the right to health. The article analyses some of the failings of T&CM policy and regulation in Australia and offers a draft convention article in the recently proposed Framework Convention on Global Health (‘FCGH’) which codifies an express and legally binding right to T&CM. This would assist States Parties address the policy, legislative and regulatory gaps that currently exist regarding T&CM. A clear duty imposed on States Parties would ensure everyone including indigenous peoples have access to quality, safe, culturally appropriate, and effective T&CM health care facilities, goods and services. States Parties including the Australian Government might then more effectively harness the potential contribution of T&CM, and fundamentally reorientate health systems towards significantly more cost-effective wellness and people centred health care in realising the right to health for all.
Making Rights Real: The Promise and Potential Pitfalls of the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld)
Authors: McDougall Scott
Published: June 2021

The commencement of the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld) on 1 January 2020 heralded a new era in public sector decision-making in Queensland, and the community has high expectations of a regime that obliges the three arms of government to consider people’s human rights when performing their functions.

How do we achieve the Act’s objective of building a genuine human rights culture within the public sector? How can the Act make a real difference to the lives of those people most in need of human rights protection?

This article, written by the Queensland Human Rights Commissioner, addresses these questions and provides an overview of the Queensland Human Rights Commission’s plan for the successful implementation of the Act in Queensland.

The article is an edited version of a Twilight Seminar presented to the Faculty of Law at Bond University on 6 February 2020.
An Outlook on the Implementation of Transfer Pricing Legislation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hani Abdallah
Published: June 2021

The tax landscape is noticeably developing across Middle Eastern countries as traditional sources of state revenues are declining. Sovereign nations in the region are also being subject to mounting global pressure by organisations like the OECD to implement mechanisms for preventing base erosion and profit shifting. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recently introduced transfer pricing legislation after an initial draft was circulated to the public for feedback. This paper explores the Transfer Pricing Bylaws issued by the local revenue authority and the increased burden that businesses operating in the region will have to bear given the current cultural norms and business practices.
Avoiding a ‘Catch 22’—Major Lessons From a Meta-Analysis of Reports of the Parliament of Western Australia on Threats to Sovereignty by National Uniform Legislation
Authors: Hill Guzyal
Published: June 2021

National uniform legislation has served as an instrument to attune federalism to new realities. The enactment of national uniform legislation is not a panacea. However, it is critical that when harmonisation is necessary, it is efficient and effective, results in long-lasting uniformity and does not encroach on the sovereignty of the State and Territory Parliaments. The problem is that national uniform legislation is often called to address complex legal issues, respond to a multifaceted debate and meet the demands of actors from divergent ideological backgrounds. This testing backdrop results in politically charged arguments that often is presented as a false dilemma between sovereignty and national uniform legislation, ‘catch 22’. To date, there has been lack of systematic objective analysis on what would be an example of this encroachment on sovereignty before the allegation of encroachment arise in the State or Territory Parliaments. This article seeks to address this gap through empirical methods. To ensure objectivity, a meta-analysis of 173 reports was undertaken. Contrary to political statements, the empirical findings suggest the cases of encroachment were rare and were isolated to specific practices. Legislative drafters, policymakers and law reformers must refrain from these practices if they wish to avoid the ‘catch 22’ of choosing between uniformity and sovereignty.
Implementing Good Practice Pedagogy to Support Law Students’ Writing Skills
Authors: Noakes Sandra
Published: June 2021

The current focus on the standard of writing of both school and university students in Australia underscores the responsibility of law schools to support and develop their students’ writing skills. Good practice principles recommend that writing development at law schools should occur in an embedded context with subject matter content and led by law academics as experts in the discourse of law. Programs should also be informed by theory about how students learn literacy and developed in consultation with academic language and learning (‘ALL’) experts. However, there are few studies of embedded writing programs in law in Australia, and the impact of consultation with ALL experts is also not an issue which has been extensively explored. This article reports on the results of a mixed-methods study of an embedded writing program in law at a large regional Australian university. It demonstrates that it is possible to implement a writing program based on good practice pedagogy without making substantial changes to the existing curriculum. It also reveals the importance of focusing the support on the teaching academics, rather than on individual students, and ensuring that academics are supported by ALL expertise, to provide them with the tools to be able to talk to their students about language in their discipline. The quantitative aspects of this study also demonstrate that a writing program based on an understanding of how students develop academic literacy appears to lift the performance of students who may not have traditionally been admitted to law school.
Pitfalls in Proving Price-Fixing: Are Price-Signalling Laws the Answer?
Authors: Cantatore Francina , Marshall Brenda
Published: June 2021

Establishing a breach of the price-fixing prohibitions in Part IV Division 1 of the Competition and ConsumerAct 2010(Cth) (‘CCA’) depends on the apparently simple requirement that a ‘contract, arrangement orunderstanding’ to fix prices can be shown to exist between competitor corporations. However, proof of anysuch agreement has been problematic for the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (‘ACCC’)in actions for alleged price-fixing within a range of industries. This article considers the judicial interpretationof the terms ‘contract, arrangement or understanding’ and the type of evidence needed to prove that a price-fixing agreement exists. It also examines the scope and effect of the price-signalling provisions under Part IVDivision 1A of the CCA and, in the light of international competition law jurisprudence, contemplates howthese provisions may affect the ACCC’s ability to prove price-fixing claims. Possible future directions in thisarea of the law, resulting from the recommendations of the recent Harper Review, are explored as well.
The Dangerous Dichotomy: Abandoning the ‘Proscriptive’ and ‘Prescriptive’ Classification of Fiduciary Duties and the ‘Proscriptive Limitation’
Authors: Saady Nicholas
Published: June 2021

The ‘proscriptive’ (negative) and ‘prescriptive’ (positive) dichotomy of fiduciary duties has attracted great contemporary interest, as the High Court has held that fiduciary duties are only proscriptive. The ‘dichotomy’ and ‘proscriptive limitation’ have been debated by scholars and judges. This article provides some perspective to the debate. It suggests that the proscriptive limitation is misleading because fiduciary duties are dynamic and unfixed, and because some fiduciary duties are positive. It also suggests that classifying duties within the dichotomy is unnecessary, overly complex, and potentially productive of error because it detracts from the proper focus of the fiduciary inquiry.
Public Duty versus Private Information: Jury Privacy in the Information Age
Authors: Antolak-Saper Natalia
Published: June 2021

The lay-jury remains a central feature of justice systems in many common law countries. Underpinning the nature of jury trials are two fundamental principles: representativeness and impartiality. In order to satisfy these principles, jurors will typically be asked to provide personal information. This disclosure presents the possibility that a juror’s private information may be misused. While such concerns have existed for some time, the advent of Information Communication Technologies has given them increased urgency. Surveys reveal that a significant number of jurors are concerned for their privacy and safety, presenting a conflict between the public duty of jury service and their personal right of privacy. This article considers the extent to which the state can and should protect the privacy of individuals called for jury service. Focusing on examples from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, it begins with a discussion of the extent to which jurors are required to disclose personal information. It then discusses various concerns that may arise as a result of that disclosure, particularly personal safety and public embarrassment. Finally, suggestions for reform are provided in an attempt to address these concerns.
The Inevitability of Law and Economics
Authors: Easterbrook Frank H
Published: June 2021

Economics is the study of rational behaviour in the face of scarcity. Economics and law are, therefore, inseparable. The legal system, too, is about coping with scarcity. If there were an abundance of every good thing, there would be no need for law, no need for a state. Life also would be boring.