bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keratoacanthoma, Verruca Vulgaris Arising over Porokeratosis of Mibelli : A New Association
Authors: Asaduzzaman ATM , Rahman Rahat Mohammad Lutfur , Uddin Mohammad Jamal , Hena Chowdhury Mohammod Abu , Haque AKM Rejaul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This case report highlighting the presence of keratoacanthoma and verruca vulgaris over the lesion of porokeratosis of mibelli.
Case Report: In this case a 50-year-old housewife came with large well-defined asymptomatic plaque over the upper part of back of the trunk for last 10 years. After evaluation we got the presence of keratoacanthoma and verruca vulgaris on the plaque of porokeratosis of mibelli.
Discussion: Porokeratosis is a clonal expansion of keratinocytes. Among the neoplasm squmous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly reported malignancy in porokeratosis. But in our case we didn’t find lesion of SCC. Porokeratosis of Mibelli, Keratoacanthoma and Verruca vulgaris have an association with human papilloma virus(HPV). This eithopathogenesis may be related to our clinical finding.
Conclusion: There were reporting of squmous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma on Porokeratosis of Mibelli. But in our case we found both Keratoacanthoma and Verruca Vulgaris over Porokeratosis of Mibelli.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 172-175
Metodologia e produzione delle Linee Guida
Authors: Burrai Francesco , Gambella Margherita , Scarpa Angelica , Cabula Stefano
Published: November 2021

This article has the aim of informing the reader about methodology and production of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and the instruments in order to be able to approach the whole process, from the production to the publication and distribution, but also to updated CPG. The importance of the issue is given by: 1) the need to avoid the CPG duplication, which is the reason of waste of resources and that raises confusion among users; 2) the need to ensure the independence of the experts involved and without conflict of interests; 3) the use of methodologies that respect the best quality standards; 4) the inhomogeneity of healthcare processes in the Italian territory and practices not based on scientific evidences; 5) the consultation and the commentary of stakeholders on the recommendations produced.
Mütevazı Liderlik İşten Ayrılma Niyetini Etkiler Mi? Hemşireler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÖZER Özlem , ÖZKAN Okan , ÖZMEN Sümeyye , ÜZÜMCÜ Fatma
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelerin mütevazı liderlik algılarının işten ayrılma niyetine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın uygulama kısmı bir üniversite hastanesinde çalışan hemşireler üzerinde yürütülmüş ve 144 kişiden elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı analizler, faktör analizi, güvenirlik analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan analizler sonucunda, katılımcıların mütevazı liderlik ölçeği puan ortalamasının 3.66 ve işten ayrılma niyeti ölçeği puan ortalamasının 2.57 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, mütevazı liderlik ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında negatif ve zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r= -0.326; p<0.01). Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda mütevazı liderliğin işten ayrılma niyetindeki toplam varyansın %10.6’sını açıkladığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların mütevazı liderliğe ilişkin algılarının yükselmesi, işten ayrılma niyetlerini istatistiksel olarak azaltmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları doğrultusunda, mütevazı liderlik davranışının işten ayrılma niyetinin azaltılması konusunda örgütlere olumlu katkılar yaratacağı söylenebilir. Bu noktada yöneticilerin mütevazı liderlik davranışı konusunda duyarlı olmaları önerilmektedir.
ANALISIS RISIKO TRANSAKSI PEMBAYARAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Rainer Prakuso Tobing  , Ir. Tarcisius Sunaryo, MA, Ph.D  , Dr. Ir. Ketut Silvanita Mangani, MA
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPerdagangan Internasional merupakan salah suatu sumber devisa bagi suatu negara, walapun banyak risiko yang bisa terjadi. Risiko yang ada mempunyai dinamika dan karakter tersendiri, yang harus selalu dicermati oleh Pelaku Ekspor - Impor, Per-bank-an, Pemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya untuk selalu siap sedia menyiapkan langkah strategis mengantispasi risiko yang ada.

Perdagangan dunia memasuki pasar bebas, dimana disetiap negara para pelaku usaha mempunyai peluang untuk melakukan perdagangan. Pada era pasar bebas, banyak produk-produk yang bisa di ekspor maupun di impor untuk saling memenuhi kebutuhan pasar di masingmasing negara. Tetapi walaupun dikatakan pasar bebas, proses perdagangan tetap dalam kendali dan pengawasan negara, dan organisasi perdagangan dunia yang dibentuk untuk itu.

Pada setiap tindakan perdagangan, pasti akan ada transaksi pembayaran, dimana pembayaran suatu produk adalah hal yang utama dari suatu transaksi. Metode pembayaran menjadi acuan utama dalam suatu proses transaksi yang dapat dirumuskan dalam suatu Surat Perjanjian legal. Pada setiap penentuan metode transaksi pembayaran, pembuat kebijakan dalam hal ini pemerintah tidak bisa melakukan intervensi, karena kepakatan lebih menitik beratkan kepada keinginan para eksportir maupun importir

Para pelaku usaha ekspor impor akan saling menjajaki dan melakukan negosiasi untuk menentukan dan menyepakati serta mengikatkan dalam suatu perjanjianyang salah satu isi perjanjian akan menjelaskan metode pembayaran.

Para eksportir maupun importir akan sepakat dengan metode pembayaran yang dirasakan memiliki Risiko paling kecil.

Permasalahan ketika Seseorang atau Perusahaan/ Badan Usaha ingin melakukan Perdagangan International antaralain ;

 Menentukan Metode Pembayaran, karena pembeli/Buyer/ Importir dan Penjual/ Seller / Eksportir tidaksaling mengenal satu sama lain. Hukum, Peraturan, Bahasa, dan kebiasaan yang tidaksama. Hambatan Tarif/ Pajak. Politik dan Stabilitas di negara masing-masing. Mata uang pembayaran. Handling dan Transportasi. 

 Importir perlu waktu untuk melakukan pembayaran. Sistem perbankan masing masing negara dalam prosespengiriman dana. Penjual menginginkan pembayaran yang tepat waktu

Karena terlalu banyaknya risiko yang harus diantisipasi oleh para pelaku ekspor impor, maka titik beratkan pembahasan dalam jurnal ini adalah risiko yang terjadi pada transaksi pembayaran.
МЕХАНІЗМ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПОРТФЕЛЬНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ ПЕРЕВІЗНИКІВ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Bilonog , Y Tretynychenko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, N Sribna ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, P Paranich ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

In the article the authors designed the implementation mechanism for portfolio management of the balanced development of road transport companies. The object of the research is the management process of the DGRTT enterprises. The purpose of the paper is to design the implementation mechanisms for methodical fundamentals of an integral indicator formation for multi-criteria assessment of the balanced work of the DGRTT enterprises. The method of research - the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of analogy and comparisons. On the basis of portfolio management concept of balanced development of production processes and systems, as the processes and systems of cargo delivery, in DGRTT organizations, which are considered as a network of homogeneous organizational units connected by the implementation conditions of the applied technology, the authors propose the implementation mechanism for portfolio management of the balanced development of road transport companies. KEY WORDS: PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT, BALANCED DEVELOPMENT, ENTERPRISES IMPLEMENTING DELIVERY OF GOODS BY ROAD USING TERMINAL TECHNOLOGY; TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS OF STRUCTURAL UNITS, INTEGRAL INDICATOR.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, O Dziuba , K Beridze ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, R Yarova ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article explores the preconditions and prospects of activity of social enterprises in Ukraine, identifies the theoretical foundations of the institute of social entrepreneurship and its social role; the processes of formation and functioning of social enterprises are analyzed, as well as the tools for financial support of their activity; the problem aspects of functioning and possible directions of development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are revealed. Object of the study - social relations related to the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine The purpose of the study is to explore ways to develop social entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The research method is the method of analysis, analogy and method of comparisons KEYWORDS: SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES, SOCIAL NEEDS, SOCIAL ECONOMY ENTERPRISES
MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Masalitina , I Gorobinska ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Mykitko ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a mechanism for managing the financial stability of an enterprise, to determine its constituent elements and stages of its formation. The topicality of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that financial stability is one of the main conditions of vital activity, development and ensuring a high level of competitiveness of the enterprise, it affects the stability of the financial condition, the ability to fulfill their obligations; lack of financial sustainability can lead to loss of solvency of the enterprise, destruction of strategic potential and threat to its financial security. The object of study is the financial sustainability of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for improving the management system and measures to improve the level of financial stability of the enterprise through the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the problem. Research methods are the method of cognition, the method of system analysis, the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of comparison. In the course of the research the mechanism of management of financial stability of the enterprise is developed, its main constituent elements are determined, the stages of its implementation are analyzed, specific tools that can be used in its implementation are studied, the main tasks of financial stability management are summarized and the indicators of evaluation of the degree of their fulfillment are summarized. The process of implementation of the mechanism of ensuring the financial stability of enterprises should be aimed at the solution of the main goals and objectives: ensuring the balance of assets and liabilities implies sufficient capital, flexible capital structure, organization of capital movements, provision of own capital to finance current assets; ensuring a balance of income and expenses implies a sufficient level of profitability, changing the structure of the expense of the economic process, increasing the volume of turnover; ensuring cash flow balances involves ensuring solvency, self-financing and creditworthiness, reducing receivables. Conclusions - the need for constant balancing of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, positive and negative cash flows is at the heart of the financial stability management policy. Solving the issue of financial stability will allow you to make effective management decisions on the choice of strategy for financial development and will lead to the stabilization of the economic situation and increase the efficiency of the enterprise. KEYWORDS: FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, MECHANISM OF MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY.
CAPITAL OUTFLOW FROM UKRAINE: REASONS, VOLUMES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukraine, V Cherviakova
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the research of causes, ways, volumes and macroeconomic consequences of capital outflow from Ukraine. Object of study - processes of capital outflow from Ukraine. Purpose - study of causes, dynamics and macroeconomic consequences of capital outflow from Ukraine. Methods of research - analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, graphic. The article examines the state of the business environment in Ukraine and identifies the main causes of the economy shadowing and capital outflow from the country. The notions of capital outflow and capital escape from the country were delimited. The study of mirror statistics of foreign trade between Ukraine and the European Union was conducted and the volume of manipulations with the value of export and import of goods was determined. The balance of payments of Ukraine was analyzed and it was concluded that the capital outflow takes place by undervaluation of products when exporting from Ukraine and with the use of investment tools. The underestimated cost of exported goods from Ukraine and their further sale on world markets at world prices through foreign companies registered in low tax jurisdictions, indicates the accumulation of profits from conducting business in Ukraine beyond its borders. The dynamics of investment experiences significant fluctuations and indicates the inflow of funds to Ukraine in the form of direct and portfolio investments during the periods of relative political and economic stability, and the escape of capital via operations belonging to other investments on the eve of the elections and change of power in the country, in particular in 2004, 2009 and 2014. The main macroeconomic effects of capital outflow from Ukraine were determined KEY WORDS: CAPITAL OUTFLOW, CAPITAL ESCAPE, EXPORT, IMPORT, INVESTMENT.
Activation of the WNT-BMP-FGF Regulatory Network Induces the Onset of Cell Death in Anterior Mesodermal Cells to Establish the ANZ
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Martha Elena , Galván-Hernández Claudio Iván , Marín-Llera Jessica Cristina , Camargo-Sosa Karen , Bustamante Marcia , Wischin Sabina , Chimal-Monroy Jesús
Published: November 2021

The spatiotemporal control of programmed cell death (PCD) plays a significant role in sculpting the limb. In the early avian limb bud, the anterior necrotic zone (ANZ) and the posterior necrotic zone are two cell death regions associated with digit number reduction. In this study, we evaluated the first events triggered by the FGF, BMP, and WNT signaling interactions to initiate cell death in the anterior margin of the limb to establish the ANZ. This study demonstrates that in a period of two to 8 h after the inhibition of WNT or FGF signaling or the activation of BMP signaling, cell death was induced in the anterior margin of the limb concomitantly with the regulation of Dkk, Fgf8, and Bmp4 expression. Comparing the gene expression profile between the ANZ and the undifferentiated zone at 22HH and 25HH and between the ANZ of 22HH and 25HH stages correlates with functional programs controlled by the regulatory network FGF, BMP, and WNT signaling in the anterior margin of the limb. This work provides novel insights to recognize a negative feedback loop between FGF8, BMP4, and DKK to control the onset of cell death in the anterior margin of the limb to the establishment of the ANZ.
Possible Involvement of the Nutrient and Energy Sensors mTORC1 and AMPK in Cell Fate Diversification in a Non-Metazoan Organism
Authors: Gross Julian D. , Pears Catherine J.
Published: November 2021

mTORC1 and AMPK are mutually antagonistic sensors of nutrient and energy status that have been implicated in many human diseases including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Starved cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate and eventually form fruiting bodies consisting of stalk cells and spores. We focus on how this bifurcation of cell fate is achieved. During growth mTORC1 is highly active and AMPK relatively inactive. Upon starvation, AMPK is activated and mTORC1 inhibited; cell division is arrested and autophagy induced. After aggregation, a minority of the cells (prestalk cells) continue to express much the same set of developmental genes as during aggregation, but the majority (prespore cells) switch to the prespore program. We describe evidence suggesting that overexpressing AMPK increases the proportion of prestalk cells, as does inhibiting mTORC1. Furthermore, stimulating the acidification of intracellular acidic compartments likewise increases the proportion of prestalk cells, while inhibiting acidification favors the spore pathway. We conclude that the choice between the prestalk and the prespore pathways of cell differentiation may depend on the relative strength of the activities of AMPK and mTORC1, and that these may be controlled by the acidity of intracellular acidic compartments/lysosomes (pHv), cells with low pHv compartments having high AMPK activity/low mTORC1 activity, and those with high pHv compartments having high mTORC1/low AMPK activity. Increased insight into the regulation and downstream consequences of this switch should increase our understanding of its potential role in human diseases, and indicate possible therapeutic interventions.
rSjP40 Inhibited the Activity of Collagen Type I Promoter via Ets-1 in HSCs
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Jiali , Zhang Bei , Chen Liuting , Chen Guo , Zhu Dandan , Chen Jinling , Duan Lian , Duan Yinong
Published: November 2021

Liver fibrosis is a severe disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the liver. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a major source of ECM and a key regulator of liver fibrosis. Collagen type I alpha I (COL1A1) is one of the main components of ECM and is a major component in fibrotic tissues. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma japonicum could inhibit the expression of COL1A1 in activated HSCs. In addition, studies have found that Ets proto-oncogene 1 (Ets-1) suppresses the production of ECM by down-regulating matrix related genes such as COL1A1 induced by transforming growth factor β, and ultimately inhibits liver fibrosis. In this study, the major aim was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Ets-1 on inhibiting COL1A1 gene promoter activity in HSCs by recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein P40 (rSjP40). We observed the rSjP40 inhibited the expression of COL1A1 by inhibiting the activity of the COL1A1 promoter, and the core region of rSjP40 acting on COL1A1 promoter was located at -1,722/-1,592. In addition, we also demonstrated that rSjP40 could promote the expression of Ets-1, and Ets-1 has a negative regulation effect on the COL1A1 promoter in human LX-2 cells. These data suggest that rSjP40 might inhibit the activity of COL1A1 promoter and inhibit the activation of HSCs by increasing the expression of transcription factor Ets-1, which will provide a new experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Cadherin-12 Regulates Neurite Outgrowth Through the PKA/Rac1/Cdc42 Pathway in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Guo Beibei , Qi Mengwei , Huang Shuai , Zhuo Run , Zhang Wenxue , Zhang Yufang , Xu Man , Liu Mei , Guan Tuchen , Liu Yan
Published: November 2021

Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, and differentiation. In this study, we identified Cadherin-12 (CDH12), which encodes a type II classical cadherin, as a gene that promotes neurite outgrowth in an in vitro model of neurons with differentiated intrinsic growth ability. First, the effects of CDH12 on neurons were evaluated via RNA interference, and the results indicated that the knockdown of CDH12 expression restrained the axon extension of E18 neurons. The transcriptome profile of neurons with or without siCDH12 treatment revealed a set of pathways positively correlated with the effect of CDH12 on neurite outgrowth. We further revealed that CDH12 affected Rac1/Cdc42 phosphorylation in a PKA-dependent manner after testing using H-89 and 8-Bromo-cAMP sodium salt. Moreover, we investigated the expression of CDH12 in the brain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during development using immunofluorescence staining. After that, we explored the effects of CDH12 on neurite outgrowth in vivo. A zebrafish model of CDH12 knockdown was established using the NgAgo-gDNA system, and the vital role of CDH12 in peripheral neurogenesis was determined. In summary, our study is the first to report the effect of CDH12 on axonal extension in vitro and in vivo, and we provide a preliminary explanation for this mechanism.
GSDMD Mediates LPS-Induced Septic Myocardial Dysfunction by Regulating ROS-dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Dai Shanshan , Ye Bozhi , Zhong Lingfeng , Chen Yanghao , Hong Guangliang , Zhao Guangju , Su Lan , Lu Zhongqiu
Published: November 2021

Myocardial dysfunction is a serious consequence of sepsis and contributes to high mortality. Currently, the molecular mechanism of myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of gasdermin D (GSDMD) in cardiac dysfunction in septic mice and the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and age-matched Gsdmd-knockout (Gsdmd-/-) mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg) to mimic sepsis. The results showed that GSDMD-NT, the functional fragment of GSDMD, was upregulated in the heart tissue of septic WT mice induced by LPS, which was accompanied by decreased cardiac function and myocardial injury, as shown by decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) and increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Gsdmd-/- mice exhibited protection against LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction and had a higher survival rate. Gsdmd deficiency attenuated LPS-induced myocardial injury and cell death. Gsdmd deficiency prevented LPS-induced the increase of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum, as well as IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels in myocardium. In addition, LPS-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium was ameliorated and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLPR3) inflammasome were suppressed in Gsdmd-/- mice. Further research showed that in the myocardium of LPS-induced septic mice, GSDMD-NT enrichment in mitochondria led to mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, which further regulated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, our data suggest that GSDMD plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction and may be a crucial target for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.
Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite
Authors: Finkeldei Sarah C. , Chang Shirley , Ionescu Mihail , Oldfield Daniel , Davis Joel , Lumpkin Gregory R. , Simeone David , Avdeev Max , Brandt Felix , Bosbach Dirk , Klinkenberg Martina , Thorogood Gordon J.
Published: November 2021

We have examined the irradiation response of a titanate and zirconate pyrochlore—both of which are well studied in the literature individually—in an attempt to define the appearance of defect fluorite in zirconate pyrochlores. To our knowledge this study is unique in that it attempts to discover the mechanism of formation by a comparison of the different systems exposed to the same conditions and then examined via a range of techniques that cover a wide length scale. The conditions of approximately 1 displacement per atom via He2+ ions were used to simulate long term waste storage conditions as outlined by previous results from Ewing in a large enough sample volume to allow for neutron diffraction, as not attempted previously. The titanate sample, used as a baseline comparison since it readily becomes amorphous under these conditions behaved as expected. In contrast, the zirconate sample accumulates tensile stress in the absence of detectable strain. We propose this is analogous to the lanthanide zirconate pyrochlores examined by Simeone et al. where they reported the appearance of defect fluorite diffraction patterns due to a reduction in grain size. Radiation damage and stress results in the grains breaking into even smaller crystallites, thus creating even smaller coherent diffraction domains. An (ErNd)2(ZrTi)2O7 pyrochlore was synthesized to examine which mechanism might dominate, amorphization or stress/strain build up. Although strain was detected in the pristine sample via Synchrotron X-ray diffraction it was not of sufficient quality to perform a full analysis on.
A Machine Learning-Based Model Predictive Control Method for Pumped Storage Systems
Authors: Cai Qingsen , Luo Xingqi , Gao Chunyang , Guo Pengcheng , Sun Shuaihui , Yan Sina , Zhao Peiyu
Published: November 2021

Integrated systems required for renewable energy use are under development. These systems impose more stringent control requirements. It is quite challenging to control a pumped storage system (PSS), which is a key component of such power systems. Because of the S-characteristic area of the PSS pump turbine, traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control induces considerable speed oscillation under medium and low water heads. PSSs are difficult to model because of their nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based model predictive control (MPC) method. The ML algorithm is based on Koopman theory and experimental data that includes PSS state variables, and is used to establish linear relationships between the variables in high-dimensional space. Subsequently, a simple, accurate mathematical PSS model is obtained. This mathematical model is used via the MPC method to obtain the predicted control quantity value quickly and accurately. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are simulated and tested under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPC method is feasible. The MPC method can reduce the speed oscillation amplitude and improve the system response speed more effectively than PID control.
Extending Our Scientific Reach in Arboreal Ecosystems for Research and Management
Authors: Cannon Charles H. , Borchetta Colby , Anderson David L. , Arellano Gabriel , Barker Martin , Charron Guillaume , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Richards Jeannine H. , Abercrombie Ethan , Banin Lindsay F. , Tagle Casapia Ximena , Chen Xi , Degtjarenko Polina , Dell Jane E. , Durden David , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rebeca , Hirons Andrew D. , Kua Chai-Shian , La Vigne Hughes , Leponce Maurice , Lim Jun Ying , Lowman Margaret , Marshall Andrew J. , Michaletz Sean T. , Normark Benjamin B. , Penneys Darin S. , Schneider Gerald F. , Strijk Joeri S. , Tiamiyu Bashir B. , Trammell Tara L. E. , Vargas-Rodriguez Yalma L. , Weintraub-Leff Samantha R. , Lussier Desbiens Alexis , Spenko Matthew
Published: November 2021

The arboreal ecosystem is vitally important to global and local biogeochemical processes, the maintenance of biodiversity in natural systems, and human health in urban environments. The ability to collect samples, observations, and data to conduct meaningful scientific research is similarly vital. The primary methods and modes of access remain limited and difficult. In an online survey, canopy researchers (n = 219) reported a range of challenges in obtaining adequate samples, including ∼10% who found it impossible to procure what they needed. Currently, these samples are collected using a combination of four primary methods: (1) sampling from the ground; (2) tree climbing; (3) constructing fixed infrastructure; and (4) using mobile aerial platforms, primarily rotorcraft drones. An important distinction between instantaneous and continuous sampling was identified, allowing more targeted engineering and development strategies. The combination of methods for sampling the arboreal ecosystem provides a range of possibilities and opportunities, particularly in the context of the rapid development of robotics and other engineering advances. In this study, we aim to identify the strategies that would provide the benefits to a broad range of scientists, arborists, and professional climbers and facilitate basic discovery and applied management. Priorities for advancing these efforts are (1) to expand participation, both geographically and professionally; (2) to define 2–3 common needs across the community; (3) to form and motivate focal teams of biologists, tree professionals, and engineers in the development of solutions to these needs; and (4) to establish multidisciplinary communication platforms to share information about innovations and opportunities for studying arboreal ecosystems.
The Use of ‘Omics for Diagnosing and Predicting Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Govender Melanie A. , Brandenburg Jean-Tristan , Fabian June , Ramsay Michèle
Published: November 2021

Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes substantial morbidity and mortality. Recently, various ‘omics platforms have provided insight into the molecular basis of kidney dysfunction. This scoping review is a synthesis of the current literature on the use of different ‘omics platforms to identify biomarkers that could be used to detect early-stage CKD, predict disease progression, and identify pathways leading to CKD. This review includes 123 articles published from January 2007 to May 2021, following a structured selection process. The most common type of ‘omic platform was proteomics, appearing in 55 of the studies and two of these included a metabolomics component. Most studies (n = 91) reported on CKD associated with diabetes mellitus. Thirteen studies that provided information on the biomarkers associated with CKD and explored potential pathways involved in CKD are discussed. The biomarkers that are associated with risk or early detection of CKD are SNPs in the MYH9/APOL1 and UMOD genes, the proteomic CKD273 biomarker panel and metabolite pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid and the CKD273 biomarker panel were also involved in predicting CKD progression. Retinoic acid pathway genes, UMOD, and pantothenic acid provided insight into potential pathways leading to CKD. The biomarkers were mainly used to detect CKD and predict progression in high-income, European ancestry populations, highlighting the need for representative ‘omics research in other populations with disparate socio-economic strata, including Africans, since disease etiologies may differ across ethnic groups. To assess the transferability of findings, it is essential to do research in diverse populations.
Wave Climate Associated With Changing Water Level and Ice Cover in Lake Michigan
Authors: Huang Chenfu , Zhu Longhuan , Ma Gangfeng , Meadows Guy A. , Xue Pengfei
Published: November 2021

Detailed knowledge of wave climate change is essential for understanding coastal geomorphological processes, ecosystem resilience, the design of offshore and coastal engineering structures and aquaculture systems. In Lake Michigan, the in-situ wave observations suitable for long-term analysis are limited to two offshore MetOcean buoys. Since this distribution is inadequate to fully represent spatial patterns of wave climate across the lake, a series of high-resolution SWAN model simulations were performed for the analysis of long-term wave climate change for the entirety of Lake Michigan from 1979 to 2020. Model results were validated against observations from two offshore buoys and 16 coastal buoys. Linear regression analysis of significant wave height (Hs) (mean, 90th percentile, and 99th percentile) across the entire lake using this 42-year simulation suggests that there is no simple linear trend of long-term changes of Hs for the majority (>90%) of the lake. To address the inadequacy of linear trend analysis used in previous studies, a 10-year trailing moving mean was applied to the Hs statistics to remove seasonal and annual variability, focusing on identifying long-term wave climate change. Model results reveal the regime shifts of Hs that correspond to long-term lake water level changes. Specifically, downward trends of Hs were found in the decade of 1990–2000; low Hs during 2000–2010 coincident with low lake levels; and upward trends of Hs were found during 2010–2020 along with rising water levels. The coherent pattern between the wave climate and the water level was hypothesized to result from changing storm frequency and intensity crossing the lake basin, which influences both waves (instantly through increased wind stress on the surface) and water levels (following, with a lag through precipitation and runoff). Hence, recent water level increases and wave growth were likely associated with increased storminess observed in the Great Lakes. With regional warming, the decrease in ice cover in Lake Michigan (particularly in the northernmost region of the lake) favored the wave growth in the winter due to increased surface wind stress, wind fetch, and wave transmission. Model simulations suggest that the basin-wide Hs can increase significantly during the winter season with projected regional warming and associated decreases in winter ice cover. The recent increases in wave height and water level, along with warming climate and ice reduction, may yield increasing coastal damages such as accelerating coastal erosion.
Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Jiang Lili , Long Mengtuan , Wei Xuejiao , Hou Yue , Du Yujun
Published: November 2021

There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.
The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Systemic Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tan Wilson , Yao Xinwen , Le Thu-Thao , Tan Anna C. S. , Cheung Carol Y. , Chin Calvin Woon Loong , Schmetterer Leopold , Chua Jacqueline
Published: November 2021

Objective: Multiple studies have compared various optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in participants with systemic hypertension vs. controls and have presented discordant findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to pool together data from different studies to generate an overall effect size and find out whether OCTA parameter(s) significantly differed in participants with systemic hypertension as compared to controls.

Methods: We conducted a literature search through a search of electronic databases to identify studies before 19 June 2021, which compared OCTA parameters in non-diabetic participants with systemic hypertension vs. controls. If the OCTA parameter had a minimum number of 3 studies that analyzed it, the mean difference between participants with systemic hypertension and controls were analyzed using a random-effects model.

Results: We identified 11 eligible studies. At the macula, 9 studies analyzed vessel density at the superficial capillary plexus (SVD), 7 analyzed vessel density at the deep capillary plexus (DVD), and 6 analyzed the area of the superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Participants with systemic hypertension had significantly lower SVD (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.50 [−0.70, −0.30], P < 0.00001, I2 = 63%), lower DVD (SMD, −0.38 [−0.64, −0.13], P = 0.004, I2 = 67%) and larger superficial FAZ (SMD, 0.32 [0.04, 0.61], P = 0.020, I2 = 77%).

Conclusion: The eyes of people with systemic hypertension have robustly lower superficial and deep vascular densities at the macula when compared to control eyes. Our results suggest that OCTA can provide information about pre-clinical microvascular changes from systemic hypertension.
The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Axial Spondyloarthritis. Current Insights
Authors: Toussirot Eric
Published: November 2021

There is an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), leading to increased CV mortality and morbidity in these patients. The factors that may explain this enhanced CV risk in axSpA are multiple, including traditional CV risk factors such as smoking, but also the inflammatory process and probably the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The CV involvement of axSpA may be detected at an early and pre-clinical stage, using non-invasive techniques. While NSAIDs play a deleterious role in the CV risk of axSpA, TNF inhibitors seem to have a beneficial impact, but this remains to be demonstrated in specific clinical studies. More data are needed to determine the potential effects of IL-17 inhibitors on the CV risk of axSpA. CV comorbidity has been mainly assessed in the radiographic form of axSpA, while limited data are available in patients with the non-radiographic form. The current management of axSpA must consider this CV comorbidity according to the EULAR recommendations. Rheumatologists play a determinant role in the detection of CV risk and current management of these patients is focused on the control of disease activity, suppression of inflammation, screening for and management of traditional CV risk factors, as well as the restriction of NSAID use.
Biological Roles and Clinical Significance of Exosome-Derived Noncoding RNAs in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Tong Yonghua , Liu Xiao , Xia Ding , Peng Ejun , Yang Xiaoqi , Liu Hailang , Ye Tao , Wang Xinguang , He Yu , Xu Hua , Ye Zhangqun , Chen Zhiqiang , Tang Kun
Published: November 2021

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common heterogeneous urinary system tumor with high malignancy and limited advancement in treatment. Limited understanding of BCa has not contributed to any significant progress in diagnosis or treatment, exploring the mechanisms underlying BCa has become an urgent research focus. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle (EV), have drawn substantial interest for their important roles in mediating intracellular communication. Exosomes shuttle numerous bioactive molecules, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are among the most numerous. ncRNAs including microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA are sorted and packaged into exosomes selectively and transferred into recipient cells to regulate their function. Exosomal ncRNAs are associated with hallmarks of BCa, such as proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle arrest, lymphangiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. Exosomal ncRNAs can also be detected in urine and serum, making them encouraging biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and prognosis. More importantly, exosomes exhibit excellent biocompatibility and potential for diversified applications. The delivery of bioactive substances and drugs into specific cells has become a promising approach for precision therapy for BCa patients. In addition, cancer vaccines have also received increasing attention. In this review, we summarize the current research on the regulatory roles of exosomal ncRNAs in BCa tumorigenesis and progression, as well as their potential clinical value in accelerating the diagnosis and therapy of BCa.
Epigenetic Regulator KDM4D Restricts Tumorigenesis via Modulating SYVN1/HMGB1 Ubiquitination Axis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yao Wenjian , Wang Jianjun , Zhu Li , Jia Xiangbo , Xu Lei , Tian Xia , Hu Shuai , Wu Sen , Wei Li
Published: November 2021

Background

Increasing researches have been reported that epigenetic alterations play critical roles in ESCC development. However, the role of the histone demethylase KDM4D in ESCC tumorigenesis is poorly investigated. This study aims to discover the underlying mechanisms between KDM4D and ESCC progression.

Methods

CCK-8 assays, clone formation assay and soft-agar assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was utilized to assess cell migration efficiency, while sphere formation assay was used to evaluate the cell self-renewal ability. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors and predict the potential E3 ubiquitin ligases. In vitro ubiquitination assay was conducted to confirm the regulations between SYVN1 and HMGB1. The mRNA levels or protein levels of genes were detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. In vivo tumor xenograft models were used to determine whether the HMGB1 inhibition affected the malignant features of ESCC cells.

Result

Epigenome screening and low-throughput validations highlighted that KDM4D is a tumor suppressor in ESCC. KDM4D expressed lowly in tumors that predicts poor prognosis. KDM4D deficiency significantly enhanced tumor growth, migration and stemness. Mechanistically, KDM4D transcriptionally activates SYVN1 expressions via H3K9me3 demethylation at the promoter region, thereby triggering the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HMGB1. Low KDM4D depended on accumulated HMGB1 to drive ESCC progression and aggressiveness. Targeting HMGB1 (Glycyrrhizin) could remarkably suppress ESCC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, especially in KDM4D-deficient cells.

Conclusions

We systematically identified KDM4D/SYVN1/HMGB1 axis in ESCC progression, proving novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
Exploring Undergraduate Pharmacy Students Perspectives Towards Antibiotics Use, Antibiotic Resistance, and Antibiotic Stewardship Programs Along With the Pharmacy Teachers’ Perspectives: A Mixed-Methods Study From Pakistan
Authors: Khan Faiz Ullah , Khan Amjad , Shah Shahid , Hayat Khezar , Usman Abubakar , Khan Farman Ullah , Khan Zakir , Karataş Yusuf , Ahmad Tawseef , Chang Jie , Malik Usman Rashid , Khan Asad , Shukar Sundus , Kadirhaz Muhtar , Fang Yu
Published: November 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the major issues around the globe. Timely education and awareness of pharmacy students regarding the appropriate use of antibiotics, ABR, and antimicrobial stewardships are required.

Methods: The present study was first conducted in 12 (public and private sector) universities among undergraduate pharmacy students (UGPS) (n = 414) irrespective of their study year through a validated questionnaire, and the insights of pharmacy teachers were taken through in-depth semi-structured interviews in the second phase. For the quantitative data, different statistical methods were used, and data were presented in tabulated form, whereas inductive thematic interpretation was used to categorize themes and derive conclusions from qualitative evidence.

Results: The majority of the students were males (n = 223, 54%) with the mean age group 19–23 years, and 20 faculty members were interviewed with a mean duration of 15 min. Students have good knowledge about antibiotics use and the majority purchased antibiotics through prescription (n = 277, 66.9%) during the last month and strongly agreed to stop unnecessary household storage (n = 183 44.2%). Most of the students have heard the terminologies related to antimicrobial resistance through social media while unaware (n = 104, 25.1%) of a Pakistan national action plan against AMR (antimicrobial resistance). Overall, respondents have a somewhat good understanding of the ABR. Regular use of antibiotics without consultation of a physician can lead to ABR and some wrong answers were observed (162, 39.1%; p > 0.05). The majority of the students (n = 198, 47.8%) and teachers believe that the current pharmacy syllabus must be swiftly updated with the new subjects related to ABR and AMS (antimicrobial stewardship) in Pakistan. The UGPS have emphasized (n = 220, 53.1%; Median = 1, IQR = 2) establishing a link between academia and hospitals. The ABR issue has been highlighted by pharmacy faculty members, who have urged students to take practical efforts toward ABR and AMS knowledge.

Conclusion: The UGPS knowledge related to ABR and AMS must be updated. Students at the undergraduate level must get training in order to encourage the sensible use of antibiotics. Courses on ABR and AMS should be included in present pharmacy curricula.
To Stay or to Leave? Migrant Workers' Decisions During Urban Village Redevelopment in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Jin Xizan , Ren Tianzhou , Mao Nuannuan , Chen Lili
Published: November 2021

As a vital source of the demographic dividend, migrant workers living in urban villages have positively contributed to urban economic development and the improvement of urbanization. Although urban villages have had a great impact on public health due to the shabby environments and poor public safety, the large-scale demolition of the urban villages, the supply of affordable housing for migrant workers has decreased drastically, which may lead to the outflow of many migrant workers and consequently affects the sustainable operations of cities. Therefore, this paper takes Hangzhou as an example to study the impact of urban village redevelopment on migrant workers and their migration decisions during urban village redevelopment process. The finding indicates that migrant workers are significantly impacted by large-scale demolition. (1) The number of affected migrant workers is huge. For example, 657,000 migrant workers who lived in around 178 urban villages are affected in Hangzhou (34,468 households). (2) The increase in rent is obvious. (3) Strong expulsion effect: nearly 1/3 migrant workers will decide to leave the city because of the demolition. Furthermore, our binary logistic regression model suggests that the commuting time, living satisfactory, and the rent affordability are factors significantly affecting migration workers' decision to leave and stay in the city. The housing quality and comfort indicators are not significant. This indicates that convenience for employment and high rent avoidance are the major characteristics of migrant workers' housing choice. Hence, in addition to considering whether the harsh environment is harmful to the public health of urban and residents, the interest and characteristics of migrant workers should be considered during the current urban village demolition process. While simply demolishing urban villages, government needs to provide a relatively sufficient amount of low-cost and affordable housing for migrant workers in case migrant workers leave the city in large numbers due to lack of suitable housing in the city.
The Conflict Between People’s Urge to Punish AI and Legal Systems
Authors: Lima Gabriel , Cha Meeyoung , Jeon Chihyung , Park Kyung Sin
Published: November 2021

Regulating artificial intelligence (AI) has become necessary in light of its deployment in high-risk scenarios. This paper explores the proposal to extend legal personhood to AI and robots, which had not yet been examined through the lens of the general public. We present two studies (N = 3,559) to obtain people’s views of electronic legal personhood vis-à-vis existing liability models. Our study reveals people’s desire to punish automated agents even though these entities are not recognized any mental state. Furthermore, people did not believe automated agents’ punishment would fulfill deterrence nor retribution and were unwilling to grant them legal punishment preconditions, namely physical independence and assets. Collectively, these findings suggest a conflict between the desire to punish automated agents and its perceived impracticability. We conclude by discussing how future design and legal decisions may influence how the public reacts to automated agents’ wrongdoings.