bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speaking Assessments by Japanese English Teachers Pre and Post Implementation of CEFR in the Midst of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Choong Emily Ee Ching , Manoharan Pravina , Rethinasamy Souba
Published: December 2021

Amid a global pandemic, while schools in many parts of the world were closed to adhere to quarantine orders, schools in Japan resumed face-to-face classes after only a month of closure with strict adherence to COVID-19 guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOP). This study examined how speaking assessments were administered face-to-face for Grade 5 and 6 elementary school students prior to and after introducing the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and amid a global pandemic between April to October 2020. The paper also reports the challenges and strategies employed in carrying out the speaking assessments following the CEFR while adhering to the SOP. The study employed a qualitative research method that utilised semi-structured interviews to elicit information from four teachers who taught in eight schools within Niigata City, Japan. Findings suggest that prior to the implementation of CEFR, not all teachers carried out speaking assessments. However, the implementation of CEFR emphasised the need to teach speaking and carry out speaking assessments. The CEFR also served as guidance for the teachers in preparing the assessment scoring rubrics. The results also showed that the speaking assessments were implemented individually instead of in groups before the pandemic and the presence of the masks, which increased the student’s anxiety and affected their performance. However, the teachers employed various strategies to overcome the challenges by modifying the assessment tasks and utilising web conferencing technology.
The Association between D-dimer Levels and Thromboembolism, Worsening Severity, and Mortality among Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19
Authors: Remalante-Rayco Patricia Pauline M. , Salido Evelyn O. , Tabula Joey A. , Tolosa Maria Teresa S.
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the association between D-dimer and clinical outcomes in adults with COVID-19.

Methods. We reviewed published articles and preprints from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Cornell Open Access Publication (COAP), MedRxiv, and BioRxiv databases. We included cohort studies on the association between D-dimer and the outcomes of thromboembolism, mortality, and worsening severity among hospitalized adults with COVID-19.

Results. We found 25 observational studies on the association between D-dimer and the outcomes of thromboembolism, mortality, or worsening severity. There was an increased risk of thromboembolism (OR 5.61 [95% CI 3.97, 7.94]) with higher D-dimer levels across different COVID-19 severities. D-dimer levels are associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 5.57 [95% CI 2.74, 11.31]) and worsening severity manifesting as critical illness (OR 1.91 [95% CI 1.05, 3.48] to 2.58 [95% CI 1.57, 4.24]), disease progression (HR 2.846 [95% CI 2.10, 3.85]), or need for mechanical ventilation (HR 3.28 [95% CI 1.07, 10.10]). However, some methodological flaws, such as incomplete laboratory or follow-up data and concern on varied D-dimer cut-offs and definitions of worsening disease, raise some uncertainty in the widespread use of D-dimer as a prognostic marker.

Conclusion. A higher D-dimer value is associated with worse clinical outcomes among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and may be a useful prognostic indicator.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment during Surgical Procedures Including Aerosol-Generating Procedures in Reducing the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Transmission: A Rapid Review
Authors: Dones III Valentin C. , San Jose Maria Cristina Z. , Bayona Howell G.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. COVID-19 infection spreads through respiratory droplets, contact, and airborne transmission. During aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), the risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 via aerosols is increased significantly. This rapid review determined the association between using personal protective equipment (PPE) during AGPs, including those during surgery, among confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19 and the risk of infection among healthcare workers.

Method. A systematic search of electronic databases MEDLINE, EBSCO, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL base was performed last March 21, 2021, using the Boolean combination of keywords for SARS-CoV-2, PPE, and surgery. Two reviewers screened the articles for relevance and extracted the data from the included studies. We critically appraised the included studies using criteria from the Painless Evidence-Based Medicine Evaluation of Articles on Harm. We used RevMan for data pooling, with a 40% heterogeneity cut-off score. GRADEpro guideline development tool determined the quality of evidence of the included studies.

Results. Five observational studies investigated the effectiveness of PPE use in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission among healthcare workers during any AGPs. The use of N95 masks (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.21, 0.67], 1 study, n=195), surgical gown (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.46, 0.77] I2= 0%, 2 studies, n= 941) and gloves (OR 0.42 [95% CI 0.43, 0.55] I2=34%, 3 studies, n=978) versus their non-use significantly reduced the odds of SARS-COV-2 transmission among healthcare workers involved in AGP. Albeit inconclusive due to the very low quality of evidence, using face shields or goggles was not associated with a significant reduction in the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.31, 1.59]) than the non-use of face shields or goggles. The certainty of the overall body of evidence on PPE use in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during AGP procedures was rated very low. In addition, confounders in the assessment could have been using individual PPE with the other standard PPE, compliance of healthcare worker on properly wearing it, and observing other preventive measures.

Conclusion. There were lower odds of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers using appropriate PPE, including N95 respirators, surgical gowns, and gloves during AGPs in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Several guidelines recommended using enhanced PPE among healthcare workers during surgery despite limited and low-quality evidence. The findings should help in developing recommendations in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Philippines. The findings should provide the information needed for healthcare policy decision-making.
Ear, nose and throat emergencies at the RLI: audit analysis
Authors: Linn TY , Kochhar AA , Osammor JY , Baraka ME
Published: December 2021

The new purpose-built ENT unit at the Royal Lancaster Infirmary (RLI) was opened in February 1996. It is currently a five-day ward, open from Monday 9am to Friday 5pm. The cover for weekends and bank holidays is provided by the Royal Preston Hospital, twenty miles south of Lancaster. The two consultant ENT surgeons at the RLI share a one in six rota with their colleagues from the Royal Preston Hospital to cover the weekends and bank holidays. The inconvenience caused to patients and their relatives aswell as the disruption of continuity of care is yet to be assessed. The emergency workload of any ENT department is from three sources: in-hospital referrals, referrals from general practitioners and accident & emergency (A&E) departments. The latter account for a large proportion of this emergency workload. The most common diagnoses necessitating referral are foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract, followed by epistaxis and some form of ear sepsis. Little work has been done, however, with regard to the ENT condition seen in the A&E unit. In our study, we looked at the referrals to the ENT departments at the RLI and the Royal Preston Hospital from the Lancaster A&E department to determine the pattern of patients' referral and their management.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urological care in Poland - Post-COVID resilience scenarios and recommendations for healthcare system: A national population-based modelling study.
Authors: Antoniewicz Artur , Niemczyk Wojciech , Regulski Piotr , Niezgodka Marek
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Our aim was to assess the time required to recover the hypothetical surgical capacity of urological procedures that were suspended due to lockdowns caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2020 and 2021 in Poland, to indicate the most affected procedures, and to estimate the recovery time after a likely fourth lockdown.

Material and methods

The data aggregates contained the number of patients who underwent specific urological procedures classified in the ICD-9, performed from January 2009 to October 2019, acquired in granulation per month and per single voivodeship, and obtained by healthcare providers such as hospitals, ambulatory units, and primary care facilities. Using the model, we obtained the time required to discharge the excessive load on the healthcare system and the median wait time in the post-lockdown period. We validated the model based on the data aggregates from March to October 2020.

Results

Leaving the capacity of the most affected procedures unaltered, or increasing it by 20%, would not reduce the backlog of patients waiting to receive care after the third lockdown. The consequences of a feasible fourth lockdown would cause the necessity of a post-lockdown increase in capacity by more than 50%.

Conclusions

The availability of the most affected procedures will never achieve the pre-pandemic state without increasing the hypothetical surgical capacity of urological procedures that were suspended due to lockdowns caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These procedures require taking special steps to unblock the urological healthcare system and allow patients continuous access to treatment.
A SUSTENTABILIDADE NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS MORADORES DE SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE-CE
Authors: Castro Lucelia Felix de , Sousa Chirley Mara Nascimento da Silva , Pinto Maria Eubênia de Sousa , Pontes Roberto José de Almeida
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Utiliza-se como objeto de estudo os moradores do município de São Gonçalo do Amarante no Ceará. Nesta região situa-se o Complexo Industrial Portuário do Pecém- CIPP, que tem atraído indústrias de diversos segmentos e muitas voltadas a energias renováveis. Também na região o Governo do Estado do Ceará pretende instalar o primeiro HUB de Hidrogênio Verde do Brasil, até 2023. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo principal perceber compreensão da sustentabilidade por parte da população, apresentada como a interseção das dimensões social, econômica e ambiental. Material e Métodos: Devido a pandemia de COVID-19 e a necessidade de restrições sanitárias, a pesquisa foi realizada através de questionário on-line do google forms. A pesquisa contou com a participação de cinquenta e dois respondentes, adultos, moradores da região de São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. O questionário objetivo, foi baseado na pesquisa aplicada pela Federação Brasileira de Bancos através do seu Observatório. Resultado: Como resultado, a pesquisa mostrou que a população de São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE não tem percebido melhoras significativas nos últimos seis anos no que se refere a práticas sustentáveis. Demonstraram como maiores preocupações socioambientais e econômicas, a geração de emprego e renda e a escassez de água. E informaram que faltam informações a respeito da importância da sustentabilidade e de como agir de forma sustentável. O estudo identificou também a necessidade de uma maior conscientização e educação política-ambiental para a comunidade, no sentido de contribuir com as cobranças sociais sobre empresas e governos, em suas responsabilidades como agentes de sustentabilidade. Conclusão: Ações sustentáveis precisam ser integradas ao dia a dia das pessoas de forma concreta.
REUTILIZAÇÃO DO USO DE ÓLEO DE FRITURA NA PRODUÇÃO DE SABÃO NO BAIRRO BELA VISTA DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO RAIMUNDO DAS MANGABEIRAS- MA.
Authors: Santos Angela Maria Correa Mouzinho , Ferreira Aldiana Rodrigues , Brito Ronilson Lopes , Santos João Guilherme Sena dos
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O óleo de cozinha após ser usado e descartado de forma inadequada se torna um produto que pode causar grandes prejuízos ao meio ambiente. A falta de conscientização acerca do descarte correto de resíduos poluentes e o uso irracional dos recursos naturais, fez com que os problemas ambientais se agravassem mais no decorrer dos anos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o destino que é dado ao óleo de fritura usado por donas de casa moradoras do Bairro Bela Vista do Município de São Raimundo das Mangabeiras – MA. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada através de uma entrevista com aplicação de questionário, a respeito do descarte e reutilização do óleo de fritura com os moradores desse Bairro, e a partir do óleo coletado se fez a produção de sabão artesanal com a comunidade. Resultados: Nos resultados foram observados que 70% das entrevistadas utilizam o óleo de fritura para a produção do sabão artesanal, e as mesmas já coletam o resíduo e armazenam em garrafas PET doados por vizinho e/ou familiar. Verificou-se que 70% utilizam o óleo somente uma vez na fritura dos alimentos e depois há o descarte, foi observado que as entrevistadas têm ciência que a reutilização do óleo de fritura pode causar danos à saúde. A maioria tem conhecimento dos problemas gerados quando esse resíduo é descartado em local inadequado, embora desconheçam outros fatores que impactam o meio ambiente, relacionado a contaminação da água, do solo e do ar. Na produção do sabão artesanal pelas entrevistadas verificou-se a falta de instrução quanto a proteção individual no preparo do produto. Conclusão: Os relatos das donas de casa da Comunidade Bela Vista demonstram conhecimento regular sobre o assunto e comprovaram a grande aceitação desta atividade na comunidade. Constatou-se ainda que a prática da produção do sabão artesanal está presente na comunidade, porém não há conhecimento dos cuidados mínimos necessários na segurança em manusear alguns produtos no preparo do material.
Baudenkmale der Nachkriegsmoderne.
Authors: Wellnitz Felix , Liebeskind Annette , Kaiser Roswitha , Klemisch Jürgen , Lorenz Rüdiger
Published: December 2021

Denkmalschutz und Klimaschutz - in den letzten Jahren ist der Druck, die Verbrauchsenergie von Gebäuden zu senken, stark angewachsen, vor allem auch im Bestand. Insbesondere im Denkmalbereich stellt dies Planer und Nutzer vor große Probleme.

Neben der Energieeinsparung sind die thermische Behaglichkeit für den Nutzer und die Sicherheit vor baulichen Schäden Hauptziele einer bauklimatischen Ertüchtigung. Diese Anforderungen treffen auf die individuellen Werte des Baudenkmals und sind dabei oft nur schwer in ein nachhaltiges denkmalpflegerisches Instandsetzungskonzept zu integrieren. Die Gefahr besteht, dass einige Denkmale unter Schichten von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen ihren ursprünglichen Charakter einbüßen und ihre historische Aussagekraft verlieren könnten. Das Prinzip der Nachhaltigkeit ist der Denkmalpflege immanent, denn viele einzelne weitergenutzte Denkmale sind grundsätzlich ökologisch nachhaltig, weil sie eine lange Nutzungsdauer aufweisen und reparaturfähig sind.

Bei Diskussionen und Standortbestimmungen im Denkmal- und Klimaschutz stoßen Denkwelten von Ökologie und Ökonomie, Arithmetik und Physik, Politik und Soziologie, Kultur und Architektur aufeinander. Die Denkmalpflege handelt dabei im Koordinatensystem zwischen Denkmalwert, Eigentümerinteressen, Denkmalschutzbehörden, Qualität der Planer und den unabdingbaren Fragen nach Finanzmitteln und Fördermöglichkeiten. Dieses Buch beschreibt diese Diskussionen anhand der bauklimatischen Ertüchtigung der ehemaligen bayerischen Landesvertretung von Sep Ruf in Bonn.
The comparative effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in treating mechanical neck conditions
Authors:   , Scott-Dawkins Craig Anthony
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adjustments versus mobilisation in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. It was hypothesized that treatment with adjustments over a three week period, with a further three week follow-up period, would be more effective than mobilisation in terms of improving the patients' cervical ranges of motion and their perceptions of pain and disability.
The role of business support interventions in promoting spatial justice : a case study of informal economic development in a residential zone, eThekwini (Ward 68)
Authors:   , Dayaram Tanya
Published: December 2021

The beginnings of apartheid initiated the manipulation of plans and policy to create cities which deeply entrenched segregation into the landscape of South Africa. This history of spatial exclusion is evident in the study area, Ward 68 in the South Durban Basin (SDB), with its diverse mix of industrial and residential land uses, with a proposed dug-out port planned for the area. In the three suburbs of Ward 68, some homes were spaces in which business was conducted. The diverse land uses, which has introduced formal and informal changes to space, have an impact on the people living and working in this area. In efforts to address the injustices of apartheid, South African strategy and legislation have included support to informal businesses; the National Informal Business Upliftment Strategy (NIBUS) serves as an example. This study uses the term “Business support interventions” (BSI) to describe the diverse approaches to providing financial or non-financial support to businesses. These interventions enable and strengthen informal businesses in residential zones, that is, home-based enterprises (HBE). The appropriateness of BSI and their effect on the quality of local spaces needed to be explored. Inadequate spatial orientation of BSI reduces the impact of HBE projects and programmes in townships. The mixed methods approach to this research includes a methodological design that uses qualitative and quantitative data. This research aims to contribute towards both practical methods for understanding the spatial-economic condition of local urban spaces, and towards providing more nuanced data and knowledge to BSI and urban management in the eThekwini Municipality (Durban). Distinctive challenges for the urban environment are related to the city’s spatial- economic disparities. A spatial justice lens and a case study approach have allowed for a critical investigation of how spatial logic can be applied to collaboratively address challenges of informality in urban spaces.
Numerical and experimental investigations of the impacts of the integration of wind energy into distribution network
Authors:   , Behara Ramesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

The growing needs for electric power around the world has resulted in fossil fuel reserves to be consumed at a much faster rate. The use of these fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas have led to huge consequences on the environment, prompting the need for sustainable energy that meets the ever increasing demands for electrical power. To achieve this, there has been a huge attempt into the utilisation of renewable energy sources for power generation. In this context, wind energy has been identified as a promising, and environmentally friendly renewable energy option. Wind turbine technologies have undergone tremendous improvements in recent years for the generation of electrical power. Wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators have attracted particular attention because of their advantages such as variable speed, constant frequency operation, reduced flicker, and independent control capabilities for maximum power point tracking, active and reactive powers. For modern power systems, wind farms are now preferably connected directly to the distribution systems because of cost benefits associated with installing wind power in the lower voltage networks. The integration of wind power into the distribution network creates potential technical challenges that need to be investigated and have mitigation measures outlined. Detailed in this study are both numerical and experimental models to investigate these potential challenges. The focus of this research is the analytical and experimental investigations in the integration of electrical power from wind energy into the distribution grid. Firstly, the study undertaken in this project was to carry out an analytical investigation into the integration of wind energy in the distribution network. Firstly, the numerical simulation was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software. Secondly, the experimental work, was conducted at the High Voltage Direct Centre at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The goal of this project was to simulate and conduct experiments to evaluate the level of penetration of wind energy, predict the impact on the network, and propose how these impacts can be mitigated. From the models analysis, the effects of these challenges intensify with the increased integration of wind energy into the distribution network. The control strategies concept of the doubly fed induction generator connected wind turbine was addressed to ascertain the required control over the level of wind power penetration in the distribution network. Based on the investigation outcomes we establish that the impact on the voltage and power from the wind power integration in the power distribution system has a goal to maintain quality and balance between supply and demand.
Comparative analysis of high voltage alternating current & high voltage direct current offshore collection grid systems
Authors:   , Pillay Caleb Jordache
Published: December 2021

An increase in industries as well as the world’s population, is causing a strain on the electricity supply. This coupled with the fact that fossil fuel supplies are decreasing, is leading the world to new, greener methods of electrical energy generation. Offshore wind farms are being developed far offshore and solar farms are being developed in remote locations with intense sunlight. This allows for the optimal operation of these systems. HVAC collection systems for offshore wind farms have traditionally been used but imposes limitations on the transmission distance. Exuberant amounts of capital are required for greater distances. HVDC systems have started to be recognised as a viable method of transmitting this electrical energy at a much lower cost on longer distances. This study shows a comparative performance and cost evaluation of both HVAC and HVDC collection systems for offshore wind farms. It evaluates the efficiency of the wind farm based on system losses, determines the advantages, disadvantages, and cost implications of each system, and determines the best type of technology to be used in offshore applications. The study looks at a case of a 40 MW wind farm at a distance of 120 km offshore. A simulation is developed for each system using MATLAB simulation software to determine the performance of each system during normal operation and fault conditions. From these simulations, it was found that HVDC collection systems have much higher efficiency when compared to HVAC systems and perform better under both normal operation and fault conditions. HVDC systems also have a lower cost once the break-even distance point is passed. From the study, it is found that HVDC collection systems are much better suited to allow offshore wind farms to have a high efficiency as well as be located further offshore to allow for maximum wind usage. The technology can be used for other long-distance transmission systems and incorporated for other renewable energy generation systems.
Early and late recurrences in lymph node-negative gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Jian-Wei , Liu Dao-Li , Chen Jia-Xian , Lin Li-Zhen , Zhuang Lv-Ping , Hou Xian-Hai
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Predictors of recurrence in patients with lymph node-negative gastric cancer (GC) who have undergone curative resection have been widely investigated, but not the effects of predictors on timing of recurrence.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the factors associated with early and late recurrence in patients with node-negative GC.

DESIGN:

Retrospective cohort.

SETTING:

Academic tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The study included patients with node-negative GC after curative resection between 2008 and 2018 at two institutions. Early and late recurrences were determined using a minimum
P
value approach to evaluate the optimal cutoff for recurrence-free survival (RFS). A competing risk model and landmark analysis were used to analyze factors associated with early and late recurrences.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Recurrence-free survival and factors associated with survival.

SAMPLE SIZE:

606.

RESULTS:

After a median follow-up of 70 months, 50 (8.3%) patients experienced recurrent disease. The optimal length of RFS for distinguishing between early (n=26) and late recurrence (n=24) was 24 months (
P
=.0013). The median RFS in the early and late recurrence groups was 11 and 32 months, respectively. Diffuse tumors (hazard ratio 3.358,
P
=.014), advanced T stage (HR 8.804,
P
=.003), perineural invasion (HR 10.955,
P
<.001), and anemia (HR 2.351,
P
=.018) were independent predictors of early recurrence. Mixed tumor location (HR 5.586,
P
=.002), advanced T stage (HR 5.066,
P
<.001), lymphovascular invasion (HR 5.902,
P
<.001), and elevated CA19-9 levels (HR 5.227,
P
<.001) were independent predictors of late recurrence. Similar results were obtained in the landmark analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Individualized therapeutic and follow-up strategies should be considered in future studies because of distinct patterns in predictors of early and late recurrence.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective design, small sample size.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
Digital Pathology Using Primary Case Sign-Out
Authors: Edge Rob , Grobelna Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The applicability of the identified findings and the potential impact on patient outcomes for any individual diagnostic setting was unclear.

In the majority of the identified studies, the authors reported diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility outcomes that supported digital pathology systems as a valuable diagnostic modality, comparable to conventional microscopy. These studies lacked statistical power calculations, making the accuracy of these statements unclear.

One systematic review and 1 diagnostic study reported clinical utility outcomes of digital pathology. This evidence supported digital pathology using primary case sign-out for accurate prognosis of patient outcomes; however, the clinical utility compared to conventional microscopy was unclear in the identified evidence.

One systematic review and 13 diagnostic cohort studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy of whole slide image (WSI). The identified outcomes indicated that WSI is a valuable diagnostic modality; however, a large range of diagnostic accuracy in different settings, and a lack of clear statistical power in all studies make comparator conclusions to conventional microscopy unclear.

One systematic review and 4 diagnostic cohort studies reported diagnostic areas that can present challenges for a digital pathology implementation, the most common being the interpretation and grading of dysplasia.

One identified systematic review stressed the importance of whole-system validation to identify strengths and weaknesses of specific digital pathology implementations. The range of diagnostic accuracy across studies also indicated that implementation of digital pathology primary case sign-out systems is associated with unclear diagnostic accuracy until appropriately validated.

No relevant cost-effectiveness evidence for digital pathology using primary case sign-out was identified.
العناصر الفنية في السيرة الذاتية العربية "في سبيل المجد" لمرتضى الإمام أكَوحَيْيَيْدَي
Authors: ABDULKAREEM Jamiu Saadullah
Published: December 2021

تعتبر السيرة الذاتية كتابة الإنسان عن جميع مراحل حياته أو بعضها بقلمه. وقد حاول الكاتب مرتضى الإمام أَكَوحَيْيَيْدَي بكتابه "في سبيل المجد" أن يحيط القراء بسيرة حياته من أيام أخذه عند جده وفي مدرسة دار العلوم النظامية، فالجامعة الإسلامية بدولة النيجر، وقد حصل في كلها على شهادة ختم التعلم لقراءة القرآن وشهادات الإعدادية والثانوية وليسانس الأدب العربي ونقده على التوالي، يتخلل كل ذلك إسهاماته التعليمية والدعوية. وهذه السيرة الذاتية من الأواخر التي لمَّا تقع فيها أيدي الدراسة بنيجيريا حسب علم الباحث. ويهدف البحث إلى دراسة مدى موافقة الكتاب "في سبيل المجد" لنظرية السيرة الذاتية بتطبيق المقاييس النقدية والتقنيات السردية التي تعتبر العناصر الفنية، بالإضافة إلى دور السيرة في تطوير القيم الوطنية والإنسانية في بيئة الكاتب. والمنهج المتبع يشمل التاريخي والوصفي. فالمنهج التاريخي يقوم بعرض الحقائق العلمية للسيرة الذاتية العربية، وبترجمة حياة الكاتب مرتضى الإمام أَكَوحَيْيَيْدَي للوقوف على مدى العلاقة بين ترجمة حياته وبين سيرته الفنية. والمنهج الوصفي يتناول تحليلا فنيا لظواهر الفكرة والأسلوب والخيال والعاطفة وتقنيات السرد في السيرة الذاتية المختارة للدراسة. وظهر أن الكاتب ممتاز في تطبيق تلك المقاييس مثل تحسين تسلسل سيرته واصطناع شخصياتها وتحكيم حواراتها، والإبداع في تقنياتها مع مراعاة قواعد التركيب والتصوير فيها، متقيداً بتلك العناصر الفنية، إلا في بعض الجوانب التي التي أشار إليها الباحث وقام بتصويبها.
Yirminci Asırda Körfez Romanı: Kuveyt Örneği
Authors: YAKUPOĞLU BORAN Leyla
Published: December 2021

Körfez romanı; Mısır, Lübnan, Suriye ve Irak gibi edebiyat alanında öncü olan Arap ülkelerine göre daha geç bir tarihte teşekkül etmiştir ve ilk numunelerine de bittabi yirminci asrın ortalarında rastlanmaktadır. Edebî türlerin Körfez ülkelerindeki gelişiminin diğer Arap ülkelerine kıyasla daha sonraki yıllarda gerçekleşmesi önemli ölçüde buradaki siyasî, ekonomik ve sosyal istikrarla ve okuyucu kitlesinin varlığı ile alakalıdır. Nitekim Körfez ülkelerinin 1950’li yıllarda bağımsızlıklarını kazanmalarının ardından aydın kesimin objektif bir gözle toplumu gözlemleyip toplumun bireylerini gerek irşâd etmek gerekse siyasî ve sosyal alanlarda yaşanan reformlara dair olumlu veya olumsuz eleştirilerini yönelterek aksayan yönleri dile getirmek suretiyle onlara çözüm yolları sunmayı amaç edindiği görülmektedir. Gelişen kitle-iletişim araçları sayesinde öncü çalışmaları takip etmek de kolaylaşınca aydınların toplumsal sorunları dile getirmede en uygun edebî türlerden biri olan roman türüne ilgi duymaları kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Zira roman, özgür bir şekilde duygu ve düşüncelerin anlatılabilmesi için yazar ve aydına geniş bir alan sunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada genel olarak Körfez ülkelerinde roman türünün teşekkülü ve öncüleri ele alınmış, özellikle de Kuveyt romanının doğuşu ve yirminci asırdaki seyri ile bu türün temsilcilerinin çalışmaları ve bu çalışmaların muhteviyatı hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
الأفق اللغوي في القراءات القرآنية: الاتساع التكاملي
Authors: OMAR Ahmad
Published: December 2021

تعَدُّ جوانب تُعَدُّدِ القراءات القرآنيَّة أهمَّ وجوهِ الفضاءاتِ اللغويَّةِ في القرآن، من غير أن يكون هناك تناقضٌ بين القراءات، بل أن تكون هذه القراءاتُ أداةً مهمةً في إغناء المعنى واتساع دلالته، فجاء البحث ليضع الأصابع على جوانب الاتساع الدلالي للقراءات القرآنية؛ إذ صارت الدراسات الإعجازية اللغوية مقتصرةً على الاهتمام بضروب الكشف الجمالي البليغ بين أوجه القراءات، وبما أنَّ القراءاتِ جاءت في الأصل للتيسير على متلقّي القرآن، اقتضَتْ إرادة اللهِ أن يكون في هذه القراءات حِكَمٌ أخرى كثيرة، يمتلكها كلُّ وجهٍ فيتسع الإعجازُ وتتعاظم صورُه. وقد استجلى البحثُ بعض هذه الحكم، عبر مفهوم الإعجاز اللغوي القائم على المعطيات التعددية للقراءات، انطلاقاً من تحديد المرتكزات الأساسية، والانتقال إلى فضاء مفتوح، إضافة إلى استقصاء المعطيات الدلالية لهذه القراءات، وتحديد خصائصها، ثم في تناول المعاني بوصفها تتابعات لغوية إعجازية. كما أنّ البحث بيّن اتجاهات القراءات القرآنية، بما لا يتعارض مع الغاية منها، بوصفها مشتجرةً مع سياقات المعاني المعجمية والصرفية والنحوية.
Suomen tiedontuotannon regiimi: yksi vai monta?
Authors: Sorsa Ville-Pekka , Alaja Antti , Kaitila Joel
Published: December 2021

Poliittisen talouden tutkimuksessa tapahtui 1990-luvulla niin kutsuttu ideakäänne. Viimeisen reilun vuosikymmenen aikana on alettu systemaattisesti tutkia ideoiden tuotantoa ja kanavointia poliittis-taloudelliseen päätöksentekoon. Vertailevan poliittisen talouden tutkimuksen piirissä on kehitetty tiedontuotannon regiimin teoria, joka tarkastelee tiedontuotannon institutionaalisia ja organisatorisia koneistoja, jotka tuottavat ideoita ja asiantuntijatietoa poliittis-taloudellista päätöksentekoa varten. Tämä artikkeli esittelee ja problematisoi tiedontuotannon regiimien tutkimusta. Artikkeli problematisoi tutkimuksen taustaoletusta regiimiin kuuluvien tiedontuottajien muodostaman organisaatiokentän yhtenäisyydestä ja pohtii oletuksesta luopumisen seurauksia tutkimukselle. Artikkeli käyttää Suomeen kohdistuvaa upotettua tapaustutkimusta havainnollistamaan taustaoletuksesta luopumisen avaamia mahdollisuuksia. Analyysin perusteella Suomen poliittisessa taloudessa ei esiinny yhtä yhtenäistä tiedontuotannon regiimiä vaan useita sektorikohtaisia regiimejä.
IMPLEMENTASI EVALUASI AFEKTIF PADA PEMBELAJARAN AQIDAH AKHLAK DI MI MUHAMMADIYAH AL-TANBIH KUDUS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: SUYANTO SUYANTO
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran aqidah akhlak. Studi ini membahas permasalahan: 1) Pelaksanaan evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak. 2) Kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak. Permasalahan tersebut dibahas melalui metode kualitatif dengan studi lapangan (field research) untuk menggali data tentang implementasi evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak di MI Muhammadiyah Al-Tanbih Kudus. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pelaksanaan evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlaq di MI Muhammadiyah Al-Tanbih Kudus dimulai dari memantau perilaku siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, dan dikembangkan penilaiannya ketika ulangan semester. Karena sikap siswa bisa diketahui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari melalui pemantauan. Juga pada evaluasi akhir semester dilakukan penilaian baik atau kurang baiknya sikap atau moral yang selama ini dilakukan oleh siswa. 2) Kendala dalam pelaksanaan evaluasi afektif pada pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlaq tersebut yaitu kurang siapnya siswa, input anak, kurang fokus terhadap materi pembelajaran yang dievaluasikan, sikap siswa yang berbeda-beda, dan tidak ada perubahan tingkah laku setelah adanya evaluasi pemahaman materi pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak tersebut. Adapun solusinya yaitu memberikan semangat kepada siswa, adanya pengarahan untuk menambah dalam membaca materi, pemantauan secara khusus bagi siswa yang kurang fokus agar tidak tertinggal, pemantauan demi meningkatkan kepribadian yang baik, rapat bersama guru dalam menentukan nilai siswa
OCORRÊNCIA DO VÍRUS DA RAIVA NA POPULAÇÃO SELVAGEM DE SAGUIS CALLITHRIX GEOFFROYI (HUMBOLDT, 1812) NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Rangel Maria Cristina Valdetaro , Oliveira Ana Paula Jejesky de , Rossi Junior João Luiz , Braga Fabio Ribeiro , Vicentini Fernando
Published: December 2021

Background: Zoonosis, which causes acute and lethal encephalitis, is transmitted through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of mammals of several species. In Brazil, wild rabies is a challenge for epidemiological surveillance and a significant increase has already been observed in human cases. Some of the main wild reservoirs are: wild dog (Cerdocyon thous), marmosets (Callithrix sp) and hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus). Considering cases of positivity in marmosets in the Northeast of Brazil, together with the increasing number of cases in wild animals, this work aimed to survey the occurrence of the virus in a wild population. The animals were necropsied from the tramway ES-060, all of the Callithrix geoffroyi. The material collected for analysis of the rabies virus consisted of brain, which was conditioned and identified for later analysis at the Institute of Agricultural and Forest Defense of Espírito Santo (IDAF). The 44 samples gave negative results. The study suggests that the occurrence of the virus should be investigated in other localities, especially in regions closer to sites that have already been reported cases of rabies, and that the use of trampled animals is feasible for a better understanding of wildlife health.
Distance learning during Covid-19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Pietkiewicz-Pareek Beata
Published: December 2021

The article highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Iranian schools. Education in Iran has relied heavily on traditional teaching methods. In a country such as Iran, affected by economic sanctions and wars, in addition to experiencing one of the world’s largest outbreaks of the coronavirus, the impact of the pandemic Covid-19 on its education system has been significant. Because of this, the education system has reorganized the popular traditional teaching and didactics methods by favoring distance learning work. The article is based on the comprehensive analysis of distance learning educational methods during the COVID-19 pandemic period using the online available documents, articles, and reports posted on the Internet and telephone interviews with Iranian teachers from March 2020 to August 2021.
History and future of life on Earth - a synthesis of natural science and theology
Authors: May Andreas
Published: December 2021

"A synthesis of research results of modern natural sciences and fundamental statements of the Christian faith is attempted. The creation of the universe is addressed. Four important events in the history of the Earth as well as the diversity of living beings are shortly discussed. There are good reasons to believe that the universe was created by a transcendent superior being, which we call God, and that this superior being intervened in evolution and Earth history to promote the development of intelligent life. Furthermore, it can be concluded that intelligent life is very rare in the universe. This is the explanation for the “Fermi paradox”. Intelligent life on planet Earth has cosmic significance. The overabundance of this universe inspires the hope for participating in the fulfilled eternity of the Creator in transcendence. Prehistoric humans had long had hope for life after biological death. While scientific speculation about the end of the universe prophesies scenarios of destruction, the Christian faith says that humanity is destined to be united with Jesus Christ. Furthermore, all evolution will be completed with the Creator in transcendence. Then the whole of creation will “obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God”. From the first primitive living cell, an abundance of the most diverse living beings has evolved. Comparably, humanity has differentiated into a plethora of different cultures. This entire abundance will find its unification and fulfilment in transcendence with the Creator of the universe, without its diversity being erased."
Potential new tracers and their mass fraction in the emitted PM10 from the burning of household waste in stoves
Authors: Hoffer András , Tóth Ádám , Jancsek-Turóczi Beatrix , Machon Attila , Meiramova Aida , Nagy Attila , Marmureanu Luminita , Gelencsér András
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The production and use of plastics is increasing rapidly as
they are widely used in packaging, construction materials, furniture, foils,
etc. As a consequence of their widespread use and often disposable
nature, vast streams of plastic waste are continuously generated, a
considerable fraction of which are combusted in households worldwide. In
this paper, various types of commonly used plastics (PE, PET, PP, PU, PVC,
PS, ABS) as well as treated wood samples (LDF, low-density fibreboard) and firewood were combusted
separately in a test stove under controlled conditions. The particulates
emitted during the combustion test were collected on filters, potential
tracers for each waste type were identified by GC-MS, and their relative
abundances were determined. The emission factor of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene
was found to be higher for polymers containing aromatic rings in their
structure. The application of terphenyls and quaterphenyls as tracer
compounds has also been investigated. The trimer of styrene was found to be
a potential tracer for the combustion of polystyrene and/or styrene-containing copolymers. Novel tracers were proposed for the burning of PET
and furniture plates (LDF), which are among the most widely used waste types
burned in households.
Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes
Authors: Tsiodra Irini , Grivas Georgios , Tavernaraki Kalliopi , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Apostolaki Maria , Paraskevopoulou Despina , Gogou Alexandra , Parinos Constantine , Oikonomou Konstantina , Tsagkaraki Maria , Zarmpas Pavlos , Nenes Athanasios , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants in fine
particulate matter (PM) long known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects,
but much is unknown about the importance of local and remote sources for PAH
levels observed in population-dense urban environments. A year-long sampling
campaign in Athens, Greece, where more than 150 samples were analyzed for 31 PAHs and a wide range of chemical markers, was combined with positive matrix
factorization (PMF) to constrain the temporal variability, sources, and
carcinogenic risk associated with PAHs. It was found that biomass burning
(BB), a source mostly present during wintertime intense pollution events
(observed for 18 % of measurement days in 2017), led to wintertime
PAH levels that were 7 times higher than in other seasons and was as important for
annual mean PAH concentrations (31 %) as diesel and oil
(33 %) and gasoline (29 %) sources. The contribution of
non-local sources, although limited on an annual basis (7 %),
increased during summer, becoming comparable to that of local sources
combined. The fraction of PAHs (12 members that were included in the PMF
analysis) that was associated with BB was also linked to increased health risk
compared to the other sources, accounting for almost half the annual PAH
carcinogenic potential (43 %). This can result in a large number
of excess cancer cases due to BB-related high PM levels and urges immediate
action to reduce residential BB emissions in urban areas facing similar
issues.
A semi-automated instrument for cellular oxidative potential evaluation (SCOPE) of water-soluble extracts of ambient particulate matter
Authors: Salana Sudheer , Wang Yixiang , Puthussery Joseph V. , Verma Vishal
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Several automated instruments exist to measure the acellular
oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM). However,
cellular OP of the ambient PM is still measured manually, which severely
limits the comparison between two types of assays. Cellular assays could
provide a more comprehensive assessment of the PM-induced oxidative stress,
as they incorporate more biological processes involved in the PM-catalyzed
reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Considering this need, we
developed a semi-automated instrument, the first of its kind, for measuring the
cellular OP based on a macrophage ROS assay using rat alveolar macrophages.
The instrument named SCOPE – semi-automated instrument for cellular
oxidative potential evaluation – uses dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA)
as a probe to detect the OP of PM samples extracted in water. SCOPE is
capable of analyzing a batch of six samples (including one negative and one
positive control) in 5 h and is equipped to operate continuously for
24 h with minimal manual intervention after every batch of analysis,
i.e., after every 5 h. SCOPE has a high analytical precision as
assessed from both positive controls and ambient PM samples (coefficient of variation (CoV)<17 %). The results obtained from the instrument were in good agreement
with manual measurements using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) as the
positive control (slope =0.83 for automated vs. manual, R2=0.99)
and ambient samples (slope =0.83, R2=0.71). We further
demonstrated the ability of SCOPE to analyze a large number of both ambient
and laboratory samples and developed a dataset on the intrinsic cellular OP
of several compounds, such as metals, quinones, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) and inorganic salts, commonly known to be present in
ambient PM. This dataset is potentially useful in future studies to
apportion the contribution of key chemical species in the overall cellular
OP of ambient PM.
Retrieval algorithm for OClO from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) by differential optical absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Puķīte Jānis , Borger Christian , Dörner Steffen , Gu Myojeong , Frieß Udo , Meier Andreas Carlos , Enell Carl-Fredrik , Raffalski Uwe , Richter Andreas , Wagner Thomas
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Here we present a new retrieval algorithm of the slant column densities (SCDs)
of chlorine dioxide (OClO) by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) from measurements performed by
TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of
Sentinel-5P satellite. To achieve a substantially improved accuracy, which is
especially important for OClO observations, accounting for absorber and pseudo
absorber structures in optical depth even of the order of 10−4 is
important. Therefore, in comparison to existing retrievals, we include several
additional fit parameters by accounting for spectral effects like the temperature
dependency of the Ring effect and Ring absorption effects, a higher-order term
for the OClO SCD dependency on wavelength and accounting for the BrO absorption. We investigate the performance of different retrieval settings by an error
analysis with respect to random variations, large-scale systematic variations
as a function of solar zenith angle and also more localized systematic
variations by a novel application of an autocorrelation analysis. The retrieved TROPOMI OClO SCDs show a very good agreement with ground-based
zenith sky measurements and are correlated well with preliminary data of the
operational TROPOMI OClO retrieval algorithm currently being developed as part
of ESA's Sentinel-5P+ Innovation project.
A modelling study of temporal and spatial pCO2 variability on the biologically active and temperature-dominated Scotian Shelf
Authors: Rutherford Krysten , Fennel Katja , Atamanchuk Dariia , Wallace Douglas , Thomas Helmuth
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Continental shelves are thought to be affected disproportionately by climate change and are a large contributor to global air–sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. It is often reported that low-latitude shelves tend to act as net sources of CO2, whereas mid- and high-latitude shelves act as net sinks. Here, we combine a high-resolution regional model with surface water time series and repeat transect observations from the Scotian Shelf, a mid-latitude region in the northwest North Atlantic, to determine what processes are driving the temporal and spatial variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on a seasonal scale. In contrast to the global trend, the Scotian Shelf acts as a net source. Surface pCO2 undergoes a strong seasonal cycle with an amplitude of ∼ 200–250 µatm. These changes are associated with both a strong biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in spring (corresponding to a decrease in pCO2 of 100–200 µatm) and pronounced effects of temperature, which ranges from 0 ∘C in the winter to near 20 ∘C in the summer, resulting in an increase in pCO2 of ∼ 200–250 µatm. Throughout the summer, events with low surface water pCO2 occur associated with coastal upwelling. This effect of upwelling on pCO2 is also in contrast to the general assumption that upwelling increases surface pCO2 by delivering DIC-enriched water to the surface. Aside from these localized events, pCO2 is relatively uniform across the shelf. Our model agrees with regional observations, reproduces seasonal patterns of pCO2, and simulates annual outgassing of CO2 from the ocean of +1.7±0.2 mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Scotian Shelf, net uptake of CO2 by the ocean of -0.5±0.2 mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Gulf of Maine, and uptake by the ocean of -1.3±0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 for the Grand Banks.