bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Suicide Idea in the Rural Area of Indonesia
Authors: Eka Angelina , Meku Fransiskus S , Iwa .Kornelia R , Krowa Yuliana R R , Nggarang Bonavantura N
Published: March 2024

Background: People in rural areas in Indonesia have many challenges and problems that lead to psychosocial. The lack of mental health facilities and services result in severe mental issue like depression
which can lead to suicide.  Thus, Suicide can be prevented if the Suicide idea is detected. Unfortunately, there are few studies regarding factors related to suicide idea in rural areas especially in Indonesia, even though suicide rates in rural areas are often greater than in urban areas. This study wanted to look at the factors influencing Suicide ideas in rural Indonesia in Manggarai Regency.
Method: This research is quantitative research using the cross-sectional approach. Respondents in the study were 150 people with inclusive criteria of 17 years and over and were willing to fill out questionnaires distributed online through Google Forms. Data collection was conducted using the Beck Suicide Idea Questionary, Beck Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Social Support Questionary Questionnaires tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out by logistic regression.
Results: The results showed that the factors that influence Suicide ideas in rural areas of Indonesia are age (P-value: 0.04, OR: 0.18), depression (P value: 0.000, OR: 3.41), self-esteem (P value: 0.001 OR: 0.19), and social support (P-value: 0.002 OR: 0.2). The results of the multivariant analysis showed that the most variable influencing Suicide idea was depression (P-value: 0.000 and OR: 4.9) which means people with major depression have 4.9 times stronger Suicide idea.
Conclusion: In providing prevention education to clients with suicide, health professionals including nurses can emphasize the importance of family and environmental support, especially in adolescents.
The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Social Anxiety in Adolescents Using Instagram Face Filter
Authors: Apriliana Vionita , Suratmini Dwi
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Dissatisfaction with the body, especially the face, is often experienced by adolescents during their development. These feelings encourage adolescents, especially women, to try to disguise their dissatisfaction by using face filters on the Instagram application. The appearance gap between the real and virtual worlds can cause anxiety when socializing. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application.
Method: The type of research used is an observational analytic correlation with a cross-sectional approach with a total sample of 165 people taken through a purposive sampling technique. The level of body dissatisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.866. In contrast, the level of social anxiety was measured using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient ranging from 0.76-0.91.
Results: The results of univariate analysis using frequency distribution analysis showed that the majority of respondents had moderate levels of body dissatisfaction (24.2%) and average levels of social anxiety (52.7%), while the results of bivariate analysis using Pearson Product Moment r=0.435** (p-value=0.001) showed that the higher the level of dissatisfaction with the body, the higher the value of adolescent social anxiety levels, and vice versa.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and the social anxiety of adolescent girls who use face filters on the Instagram application. Providing health education to teenage users of Instagram face filters can be given to reduce body dissatisfaction and anxiety in establishing social relationships.
Pakistan’s Economy – Reasons and Consequences of Slow-Motion Growth
Authors: Belokrenitsky V.
Published: March 2024

Immediate causes of Pakistan’s economy lagging behind the economies of neighboring countries, such as Bangladesh, India, and China, in the first quarter of the current century lie in a mixture of internal and external circumstances. Primarily, it is the state’s involvement in the “war on terror” that unfolded after the events of September 11, 2001, as well as exogenous natural shocks and financial policy with a built-in dependence on external sources of credit. The deep underlying factors of slower growth include the fundamental immutability of the social structure, the dominance of conservative capitalism, the seizure of the state by elites, which seek short-term enrichment, the transformation of Pakistan into a kind of “rentier state”. Nevertheless, the country has certain potential for development. Firstly, a huge young population, which allows for the use of the so-called demographic dividend. Secondly, the state’s favorable geographical location that may help Pakistan to become a bridge between Central and East Asia, on the one hand, and the Near and Middle East, on the other. This advantage has already been partially realized through the implementation of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) investment project. Thirdly, Pakistan’s natural resources are not sufficiently explored and deposits of not only oil, natural gas, and coal, but also metal ores and rare earth minerals can be discovered. In the middle term, Pakistan may embark on the path of accelerating economic growth and become – among other achievements – one of Russia’s important partners in Asia.
Spiritual Needs of Older Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Lai Suz-Ying , Lin Hung-Ru
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to explore and define the spiritual needs of older residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) using the Walker and Avant (2019) approach. In this regard, the keywords “spiritual needs”, “old adults” and “long-term care facilities” were searched through PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar electronic databases between the years 2000 and 2023 along with hand searching of reference lists extracted from more than 135 articles. Finally, 11 articles that had inclusion criteria were examined based on the eight stages mentioned in Walker and Avant’s concept analysis approach. Through the systematic application of Walker and Avant's eight stages concept analysis approach, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of the spiritual needs of elderly residents in long-term care facilities. The results are serves as a valuable tool for guiding caregivers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers in developing strategies that cater to the spiritual well-being of this demographic, ultimately fostering a more holistic and compassionate caregiving environment.
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN STRES UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN PASIEN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Sulistyarini Indahria , Adha Angga Aldino Apriawan , Maulina Nuzul Putri
Published: March 2024

Hypertension is a chronic disease with a growing prevalence that can adversely impact the wellbeing of individuals affected. This study aims to investigate the influence of stress management training on the wellbeing of hypertensive patients. The study included 10 subjects, divided into 5 experimental groups and 5 control groups. The stress management training utilized in this research was developed by Taylor. Two measurement instruments were employed: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule with 20 items and Satisfaction with Life Scale with 5 items for subjective wellbeing. Additionally, psychological wellbeing was measured using Ryff's wellbeing scale, as developed by Prameswari. The research findings indicate that stress management training has an effect on subjective wellbeing but not on psychological wellbeing. Stress management training assists participants in remaining calm and stress-free when confronted with challenges.
Book Review Amazing Annoying Birds – Living with Australian Brush-turkeys
Authors:   Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods,Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Garnett Stephen
Published: March 2024

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Metabolic Modeling Elucidates Phenformin and Atpenin A5 as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Renz Alina , Hohner Mirjam , Breitenbach Maximilian , Josephs-Spaulding Jonathan , Dürrwald Johanna , Best Lena , Dulière Victoria , Mialon Chloé , Bader Stefanie M. , Jami Raphaël , Marinos Georgios , Leonidou Nantia , Cabreiro Filipe , Pellegrini Marc , Doerflinger Marcel , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Pizzorno Andrés , Dräger Andreas , Schindler Michael , Kaleta Christoph
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reemphasized the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies. We developed a computational workflow using scRNA-Seq data to assess cellular metabolism during viral infection. With this workflow we predicted the capacity of cells to sustain SARS-CoV-2 virion production in patients and found a tissue-wide induction of metabolic pathways that support viral replication. Expanding our analysis to influenza A and dengue viruses, we identified metabolic targets and inhibitors for potential broad-45 spectrum antiviral treatment. These targets were highly enriched for known interaction partners of all analyzed viruses. Indeed, phenformin, an NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitor, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus replication. Atpenin A5, blocking succinate dehydrogenase, inhibited SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A with high selectivity indices. In vivo, phenformin showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model. Our work establishes host metabolism as druggable for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies, providing invaluable tools for pandemic preparedness.
Effects of Climate Crisis on Marine Ecosystem: Mass Mortality Event of the Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in the Middle Adriatic
Authors: Bracchetti Luca , Capriotti Martina , Fazzini Massimiliano , Cocci Paolo , Palermo Francesco Alessandro
Published: March 2024

The effects of the climate crisis are affecting ecosystems at different scales and magnitudes. This paper focuses on a massive Mediterranean mussel die-off observed along the middle Italian Adriatic coast in the summer of 2022. We considered the possible environmental causes of this phenomenon and carried out a climatic analysis of the last decade. We performed field surveys in different locations along a 16 Km coastal stretch (from Martinsicuro (TE) on the South, to Grottammare (AP) on the North). The study area includes two marine Sites of Community Importance under the European Natura 2000 network. The mussels die-off has interested practically all the natural mussel-beds colonizing the study area. Mussels are sessile filter-feeding organisms inhabiting the intertidal zone, therefore, are highly exposed to variations in environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrient load. We discuss the possible causes of this die-off, proposing that high temperature and the scarce availability of food acted simultaneously as stress factors, generating local unsustainable living conditions for this species.
Time Series Clustering via Inter-network Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Liu Qun , Li Qi , Wang Dehui
Published: March 2024

Time series clustering is a prominent research area with broad applications. In light of the complexity and diversity of contemporary time series data, we introduce a novel method for time series clustering based on inter-network heterogeneity. Firstly, we convert each time series into a network by using two types of time series segmentation methods. Secondly, we introduce an inter-network clustering technique based on the spectral theory of graphs. By measuring the total variation (TV) distance between the empirical spectral distribution of each network, and identify distinct clusters by using a hierarchical clustering method. Our approach effectively preserves a greater number of distinctive features inherent in the original time series. To evaluate the performance of our method, simulation studies including the recognition of both stationary and non-stationary sequences are performed. Our approach also works well for real-world datasets, such as stock closing prices and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) data. These results demonstrate that our approach has the capability to handle non-stationary sequence and identifying the intrinsic correlations in time series.
Validation of a Mid-fidelity Numerical Approach for Wind Turbine Aerodynamics Characterization
Authors: Savino Alberto , Ferreri Andrea , Zanotti Alex
Published: March 2024

This work is aimed at investigating the capabilities and limits of the mid-fidelity numerical solver DUST for the evaluation of wind turbines aerodynamic performance. In particular, this study was conducted by analysing the benchmarks NREL- 5MW and Phase VI wind turbines, widely investigated in literature by from experimental and numerical activities. The work started by simulating simpler configuration of the NREL- 5MW turbine to progressively integrate complexities such as shaft tilt, cone effects and yawed inflow conditions, offering a detailed portrayal of their collective impact on turbine performance. A particular focus was then given to the evaluation of aerodynamic responses from the tower and nacelle, as well as aerodynamic behavior in yawed inflow condition, crucial for optimizing farm layouts. In the second phase, the work was focused on NREL Phase VI turbine due to the availability of experimental data on this benchmark case. Comparison of DUST simulations results with both experimental data and high-fidelity CFD tools shows the robustness and adaptability of this mid-fidelity solver for this applications, thus opening a new scenario for the use of such mid-fidelity tools for the preliminary design of novel wind turbines configurations or complex environments as wind farms, characterised by robust interactional aerodynamics.
Effects of a 6-Month Rowing Training Program in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Real-Pérez Mateo , Fernández-García José Carlos , Gavala-González Juan
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine the effects of a rowing training program on physical fitness and body composition in female breast cancer survivors (56.78 ± 6.38 years). Over six months, the participants (n=40) performed two training sessions per week for an average of 75 minutes, combining resistance and muscle strength exercises with rowing. To evaluate the impact of the program, physical fitness tests and anthropometric measurements were carried out before and after the training protocol. The results show statistically significant improvements in measures such as weight (-1.84 kg), BMI (-0.7 kg/m2), hip (-3.24 cm) and waist circumference (-2.45 cm). In addition, variables associated with physical fitness also improved including leg strength (3.04 cm), dominant handgrip strength (4.24 kgf), non-dominant handgrip strength (3.49 kgf), aerobic endurance (78.35 m) and muscle flexibility (3.96 cm). We can therefore conclude that a rowing-based exercise program is an effective strategy to improve physical fitness in this type of population, yielding improvements in both anthropometric measurements and basic physical capacity variables, essential factors for better health and quality of life.
KRAS Inhibitors Are Potential Prophylaxis for Colorectal Cancer Metachronous Metastasis
Authors: Guo Yaoyu , Hu Chuling , Long Guojie , Cai Du , Yu Zhaoliang , Huang Xingxing , Cai Zerong , Hu Peishan , Chen Yufeng , Gao Feng , Wu Xiaojian
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) with KRAS mutation is prone to develop metachronous metastasis. However, effective measures for prediction and prevention of such clinical issue are currently unavailable. In this study, we confirmed that KRAS mutation is a risk factor for CRC metachronous metastasis through meta-analysis and public database analysis. Based on the ICGC-AGRO database, we have constructed a risk scoring model for predicting metachronous metastasis in KRAS-mutant CRC using machine learning, which was validated in public datasets. Furthermore, we discovered that KRAS inhibitors can effectively suppress the migration and invasion capabilities of high risk CRC cells by wound healing assay and transwell experiment, which was validated ex vivo and in vivo using organoids and splenic liver metastatic mouse model. Finally, RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, and western blots have proven that KRAS inhibitors can suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway in CRC. Collectively, our study suggests that KRAS inhibitors may inhibit the metastatic ability of CRC by suppressing EMT and the TGF-beta pathway, suggesting their potential for the prevention of metachronous metastasis in CRC with KRAS mutation.
Toxicity of Large and Small Surface-Engineered Upconverting Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Bioapplications
Authors: Machová Urdzíková Lucia , Mareková Dana , Vasylyshyn Taras , Matouš Petr , Patsula Vitalii , Oleksa Viktoriia , Shapoval Oleksandr , Vosmanská Magda , Liebl David , Benda Aleš , Herynek Vít , Horák Daniel , Jendelová Pavla
Published: March 2024

Spherical or hexagonal NaYF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles (UCNPs) with sizes of 25 nm (S-UCNPs) and 120 nm (L-UCNPs) were synthesized by high-temperature coprecipitation and subsequently modified with three kinds of polymers. These included poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide) [P(DMA-AEA)] terminated with an alendronate anchoring group, and poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA). The internalization of nanoparticles by rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and C6 cancer cells was visualized by electron microscopy and the cytotoxicity of the UCNPs and their leaches was measured by the real time proliferation assay. Comet assay was used to determine oxidative damage of UCNPs. In vivo study on mice determined the elimination route and potential accumulation of UCNPs in the body. The results showed that the L- and S-UCNPs were internalized into cells in the lumen of endosomes. Proliferation assay revealed that L-UCNPs were less toxic than S-UCNPs. The viability of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) incubated with particles decreased in the order S-UCNP@Ale-(PDMA-AEA) > S-UCNP@Ale-PEG > S-UCNPs > S-UCNP@PMVEMA. Similar results were obtained in C6 cells. Oxidative damage measured by the Comet assay showed that neat L-UCNPs caused oxidative damage to rMSCs more than all coated UCNPs while no difference was observed in C6 cells. An in vivo study indicated that L-UCNPs were eliminated from the body via the hepatobiliary route; L-UCNP@Ale-PEG particles were almost eliminated from the liver 96 h after intravenous application. Pilot fluorescence imaging confirmed the limited in vivo detection capabilities of the nanoparticles.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiomyopathies in the Light of New Guidelines: A Focus on Tissue Mapping
Authors: Forleo Cinzia , Carella Maria Cristina , Basile Paolo , Mandunzio Donato , Greco Giulia , Napoli Gianluigi , Carulli Eugenio , Dicorato Marco Maria , Dentamaro Ilaria , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Memeo Riccardo , Latorre Michele Davide , Baggiano Andrea , Mushtaq Saima , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Pontone Gianluca , Guaricci Andrea Igoren
Published: March 2024

Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a group of myocardial disorders that are characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle. These abnormalities occur in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease. CMPs are an increasingly important topic in the field of cardiovascular diseases due to the complexity of their diagnosis and management. In 2023, the ESC guidelines on cardiomyopathies were first published, marking significant progress in the field. The growth of techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and genetics has been fueled by the development of multimodal imaging approaches. For the diagnosis of CMPs, a multimodal imaging approach, including CMR, is recommended. CMR has become the standard for non-invasive analysis of cardiac morphology and myocardial function. This document provides an overview of the role of CMR in CMPs, with a focus on tissue mapping. CMR enables the characterization of myocardial tissues and the assessment of cardiac functions. CMR sequences and techniques, such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and parametric mapping, provide detailed information on tissue composition, fibrosis, edema, and myocardial perfusion. These techniques offer valuable insights for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic guidance of CMPs. The use of quantitative CMR markers enables personalized treatment plans, improving overall patient outcomes. This review aims to serve as a guide for the use of these new tools in clinical practice.
CCLR-DL: A Novel Statistics and Deep Learning Hybrid Method for Feature Selection and Forecasting Healthcare Demand
Authors: Hernández Guillamet Guillem , López Seguí Francesc , Vidal Alaball Josep , López Ibáñez Beatriz
Published: March 2024

Hybrid forecasting methods have emerged as a solution surpassing the limitations of both statistical and deep learning approaches. While the first emphasize the significance of variables, they often produce worse forecasting results when compared to newer techniques. In contrast, deep learning models remain enigmatic "black boxes" in terms of interpretability, although achieving better results in forecasting. This article introduces the Comprehensive Cross-Correlation and Lagged Linear Regression Deep Learning (CCLR-DL) framework, designed to harness the best of both approaches, enhancing forecasting accuracy while retaining model interpretability through a feature selection process. CCLR-DL blens cross-correlation analysis, lagged multiple linear regression and granger's causality procedures with deep learning architectures based on LSTM. In a practical demonstration, CCLR-DL was applied to a real database of clinical visits associated to diagnoses in Catalonia, Spain (tracking a population of 6.3 million patients during 10 years). Predicting visits enables the healthcare managers to be ready for future demand shifts. Results demonstrate a consistent and substantial improvement over standalone statistical and deep learning methods when predicting healthcare demand. This hybrid approach not only showcases its efficacy but also offers a promising solution to the challenge of balancing predictive accuracy with model explicability. In this context, this work aims to design and validate a method for feature selection and forecasting of multivariate high dimensional time series datasets not only to improve prediction accuracy but also to model transparency by identifying a subset of variables that improve predictions and G-cause the target variable.
A Secondary Retrospective Analysis of the Predictive Value of Activated Neutrophils (NEUT-RI) in Septic and Non-septic Patients in Intensive Care
Authors: Formenti Paolo , Isidori Letizia , Pastori Stefano , Roccaforte Vincenzo , Mantovani Elena Alessandra , Iezzi Massimiliano , Menozzi Alessandro , Panella Rossella , Galimberti Andrea , Brenna Giovanni , Umbrello Michele , Pezzi Angelo , Vetrone Francesco , Sabbatini Giovanni , Gotti Miriam
Published: March 2024

Background: Effective identification and management in the early stages of sepsis are critical for achieving positive outcomes. In this context, neutrophil activation status (NEUT-RI) emerges as a promising and easily interpretable parameter. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of NEUT-RI in diagnosing sepsis and to evaluate its prognostic significance in distinguishing 28-day mortality outcomes. Materials: The study is a secondary retrospective observational analysis. Clinical data upon ICU admission were collected. A control group of critically ill patients without sepsis criteria was included. Patients were divided into subgroups based on renal function for biomarker evaluation, with 28-day outcomes reported for septic and non-septic patients. Results: 200 patients were included in the study. A significant difference between the "septic" and "non-septic" groups was detected in the NEUT-RI plasma concentration (53.80 [49.65–59.05] vs. 48.00 [46.00–49.90], p< 0.001, respectively). NEUT-RI and PCT distinguished between not complicated sepsis and septic shock (PCT 1.71 [0.42 - 12.09] vs 32.59 [8.83 - 100.00], < 0.001 and NEUT-RI 51.50 [47.80 - 56.30] vs 56.20 [52.30 - 61.92], p=0.005). NEUT-RI, PCT and CRP values were significantly different in patients with “renal failure”. NEUT-RI and PCT at admission in ICU in septic group were higher in patients who died (58.80 [53.85-73.10] vs 53.05 [48.90-57.22], p=0.005 and 39.56 [17.39-83.72] vs 3.22 [0.59-32.32], p=0.002, respectively). Both NEUT-RI and PCT showed high negative predictive value and low positive predictive value. Conclusions: The inflammatory biomarkers assessed in this study offer valuable support in the early diagnosis of sepsis. NEUT-RI elevation appears particularly promising for early sepsis detection and severity discrimination upon admission
Different Levels of Therapeutic Strategies to Recover the Microbiome to Prevent/Delay Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Arrest Its Progression in Children
Authors: Aronica Tommaso Silvano , Carella Miriam , Balistreri Carmela Rita
Published: March 2024

Alterations in the composition and diversity, metabolism, and products of the microbiome, and of the gut microbiome (GM), have been shown to be closely associated with the onset and progression of many human diseases, including cancer (i.e. hematological neoplasms). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood malignancy. Affected cases present typical alterations of GM, followed by inflammation, which contribute to its progression, response to therapy, as well as possible relapses. Recent evidence also reports that GM influences the development and functions of the newborn's hematopoietic system through the process of developmental programming during fetal life, as well as its susceptibility to the onset of onco-hematological pathologies, namely ALL. Furthermore, in children with ALL, GM has been found to vary in composition, variety, and functions during the clinical stages of ALL, and such variation may influence and predict the complications and prognosis of ALL after chemotherapy treatment or stem cell hematopoietic transplant. Here, we suggest some therapeutic strategies, which can be applied at two levels of intervention to recover the microbiome, and consequently prevent/delay ALL or arrest its progression.
Stochastic Compartment Model With Mortality and Its Application to Epidemic Spreading in Complex Networks
Authors: Granger Teo , Michelitsch Thomas M. , Bestehorn Michael , Riascos Alejandro P , Collet Bernard A.
Published: March 2024

We study epidemic spreading in complex networks by a multiple random walker approach. Each walker
performs an independent simple Markovian random walk on a complex undirected (ergodic) random
graph where we focus on Barabási-Albert (BA), Erdös-Rényi (ER) and Watts-Strogatz (WS) types. Both,
walkers and nodes can be either susceptible (S) or infected and infectious (I) representing their states of
health. Susceptible nodes may be infected by visits of infected walkers, and susceptible walkers may be
infected by visiting infected nodes. No direct transmission of the disease among walkers (or among nodes)
is possible. This model mimics a large class of diseases such as Dengue and Malaria with transmission
of the disease via vectors (mosquitos). Infected walkers may die during the time span of their infection
introducing an additional compartment D of dead walkers. Infected nodes never die and always recover
from their infection after a random finite time. This assumption is based on the observation that infectious
vectors (mosquitos) are not ill and do not die from the infection. The infectious time spans of nodes and
walkers, and the survival times of infected walkers, are represented by independent random variables.
We derive stochastic evolution equations for the mean-field compartmental populations with mortality of
walkers and delayed transitions among the compartments. From linear stability analysis, we derive the
basic reproduction numbers R M , R 0 with and without mortality, respectively, and prove that R M < R 0 .
For R M , R 0 > 1 the healthy state is unstable whereas for zero mortality a stable endemic equilibrium
exists (independent of the initial conditions) which we obtained explicitly. We observe that the solutions
of the random walk simulations in the considered networks agree well with the mean-field solutions for
strongly connected graph topologies, whereas less well for weakly connected structures and for diseases
with high mortality. Our model has applications beyond epidemic dynamics, for instance in the kinetics of chemical reactions, the propagation of contaminants, wood fires, among many others.
Stress Wave Propagation in a Rayleigh–Love Rod with a Sudden Cross-Sectional Area Variation Impacted by a Striker Rod
Authors: Wang Chung-Yue , Thang Nguyen Ngoc , Wang Helsin
Published: March 2024

This paper presents an in-depth study of the stress wave behavior propagating in a Rayleigh–Love rod with a sudden cross-sectional area change. The analytical solutions of stress waves are derived for the reflection and transmission propagation behavior at the interface of the cross-sectional area change in the rod, considering inertia and Poisson’s effects. Examples solved by the finite element method are provided to verify the correctness of the analytical results. In addition to the forward analysis of Rayleigh–Love wave propagation in rods impacted by a striker rod, a nondestructive testing method is proposed to conduct the defect assessment in the rod type of the structure component with a sudden cross-sectional area change within a cover medium by using the measured signals at the measurable zone of the rod to be inspected.
Impact of Copolymer Architecture on Demicellization and Cargo Release via Head-to-Tail Depolymerization of Hydrophobic Moieties
Authors: Gioldasis Christos , Gkamas Apostolos , Vlahos Costas Hristos
Published: March 2024

Motivated by experimental success in designing linear amphiphilic copolymers with selective demicellization capabilities through head-to-tail depolymerization triggered by specific stimuli, we advanced the design paradigm by increasing the number of triggering groups on the copolymer chain through architectural modifications. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the demicellization and cargo release dynamics of linear and miktoarm copolymers, featuring one, two and three hydrophobic block or branches, each capable for head-to-tail depolymerization. Our findings revealed that, under stoichiometric trigger molecule concentrations, miktoarms with three branches exhibited consistently faster depolymerization rates than those with two branches and linear copolymers. Conversely, at constant trigger molecule concentrations, the depolymerization rates of copolymers exhibited more complex behavior influenced by two opposing factors: the excess of trigger molecules, which increased with a decrease in the number of hydrophobic branches or blocks, and simultaneous head-to-tail depolymerization, which intensified with an increasing number of branches. Our study elucidates the intricate interplay between copolymer architecture, trigger molecule concentrations, and depolymerization dynamics, providing valuable insights for the rational design of amphiphilic copolymers with tunable demicellization and cargo release properties.
Advancing Personalized Medicine in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Sullo Francesco Giulio , Passardi Alessandro , Gallio Chiara , Molinari Chiara , Marisi Giorgia , Pozzi Eleonora , Solaini Leonardo , Bittoni Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Rectal cancer presents a significant burden globally, often requiring multimodal therapy for locally advanced cases. Long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) and short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by surgery have been conventional neoadjuvant approaches. Recent trials favor LCRT due to improved local control. However, tumor distant recurrence remains a concern, prompting exploration of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) as a comprehensive treatment strat-egy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise, particularly in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumors, potentially revolutionizing neoadjuvant regimens. Non-operative management (NOM) represents a viable alternative post-neoadjuvant therapy for selected patients achieving clinical complete response (cCR). Additionally, monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) emerges as a non-invasive method for treatment response assessment. This review synthesizes current evidence on TNT, ICIs, NOM and ctDNA, elucidating their implications for rectal cancer management and highlighting avenues for future research and clinical application.
Аntiproliferative, Pro-apoptotic Activity and Tubulin Dynamics Modulation of 1H-Benzimidazole-2-Yl Hydrazones in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line Mda-Mb-231
Authors: Yancheva Denitsa , Argirova Maria , Georgieva Irina , Milanova Vanya , Guncheva Maya , Hristova-Avakumova Nadya , Rangelov Miroslav , Todorova Nadezhda , Tzoneva Rumiana
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: In this work, a series of benzimidazole derivatives containing colchicine-like and cathechol-like moieties with methyl group substitution in the benzimidazole ring were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and antioxidative activity against highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and related impairment of tubulin dynamics; (2) Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity. In vitro tubulin polymerization assay as well as docking analysis was applied to prove the alterations in tubulin polymerization. Immunofluorescent and DAPI staining reveal the pro-apoptotic potential of benzimidazole derivatives and the effect on tubulin’s dynamics in living cells. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging of H2O2 and hypochlorite ion and ortho-phenanthroline tests; (3) Results: The compounds containing colchicine-like moiety displayed significant growth inhibitory effect against cancer cell line as was highlighted the role of methyl functional group on the tubulin aggregation and blockage of mitosis. All compounds showed an ability to scavenge H2O2, while the compounds with cathecol-like moiety were more effective against hypochlorite ion and chelation of iron; (4) Conclusions: The benzimidazole derivative containing colchicine-like moiety and methyl group substitution in benzimidazole ring is a potential antiproliferative and microtubule destabilizing agent.
Reproducible Exploration of Disease Maps with Galaxy Workflows and the MINERVA Platform
Authors: Rasche Helena , Hoch Matti , Scheel Julia , Hiltemann Saskia , Kutmon Martina , Evelo Chris T. , Cristoferi Iacopo , van Baardwijk Myrthe , Stubbs Andrew , Ostaszewski Marek
Published: March 2024

Visual exploration of complex data helps interpretation, especially in the case of omics data analysis in life sciences and clinical research. Generating and analysing omics data requires bioinformatic skills, while they are interpreted by domain experts, for whom parsing large and complex data structures may be challenging. However, outcomes of visual analytics are often difficult to quantify, which emphasises precision and reproducibility, especially for research on human diseases. Here, we propose a workflow combining a reproducible computational environment with a dedicated visualisation functionality for systems biology diagrams. By linking the Galaxy with the MINERVA Platform, we visualise and explore COVID-19 transcriptomic data to demonstrate the utility of our workflow. Visualised data recapitulate findings of the original publication and offer new insights about the COVID-19 pathology. Our results offer a blueprint for quick prototyping of computational workflows that facilitate communication and exploration of complex data in biomedical research.
Improving Online Livestock Health Monitoring System using Machine Learning, AI, ANN, IoT and Sound_based Technologies: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sotoudeh Mohsen , Alavi Nahal , Zarrineh Ali
Published: March 2024

In the livestock industry, maintaining the health of animals is very important, and the use of technology has greatly helped this. One of the existing challenges has been that most of the available sensors and electronic processing devices are designed to fit the human body, and the use of these devices for livestock faces limitations due to the difference in the structure of the body and skin of animals and humans. Reliable solutions tailored for animal husbandry can be achieved by modifying the physical and software structure of existing devices. In this article, we have presented the current situation, by reviewing the research done and the existing technology in the field of animal husbandry. The aim is to obtain comprehensive parameters for monitoring livestock health by leveraging available information and exploring new methods based on the Internet of Things (IOT), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). We take a proactive approach by utilizing available technologies based on sound-based diagnostic techniques. Initially, we propose utilizing piezoelectricity and amplifying received sound using a diaphragm attached to a collar. Subsequently, we discuss the results of relevant tests that can be conducted using the phonocardiography system. For the next phase of research and designing a more advanced livestock health monitoring system, we suggest employing an ultrasonic system to measure heart rate and blood pressure for the next phase of research and designing a more advanced livestock health monitoring system. This system, coupled with a piezoelectric system to make electric energy from the pulse of the veins, could be subcutaneously implanted for continuous monitoring
The Dysregulation of the Monocyte-Dendritic Cell Interplay Is Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Galati Domenico , Mallardo Domenico , Nicastro Carmine , Zanotta Serena , Capitelli Ludovica , Lombardi Carmen , Baino Bianca , Cavalcanti Ernesta , Sale Silvia , Labonia Francesco , Boenzi Rita , Atripaldi Luigi , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Bocchino Marialuisa
Published: March 2024

Background: The monocyte-phagocyte system (MPS), including monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), plays a key role in anti-viral immunity. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the MPS components on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of 58 patients (M/F ; mean ageSD years) with COVID-19 pneumonia and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: We measured frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral blood CD169+ monocytes, conventional CD1c+ and CD141+ (namely cDC2 and cDC1), and plasmacytoid CD303+ DCs by means of multi-parametric flow cytometry. A gene profile analysis of 770 immune-inflammatory related human genes and 20 SARS-CoV-2 genes was also performed. Results: Median frequencies and absolute counts of CD169-expressing monocytes were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls (p 0.04 and p 0.01, respectively). Conversely, percentages and absolute numbers of all DC subsets were markedly depleted in patients (p
The Feit-Thompson Conjecture: An Example for Mathematical Research Based on Contradictory Sources
Authors: Hannusch Carolin
Published: March 2024

The present study aims to show on the one hand how easily one can get confused when doing research on the internet. Different platforms, fora and homepages supply the visitor with different - and sometimes contradictory - information. On the other hand, we show how to overcome these contradictions and produce valuable research based on almost all sources. For our study, we use the example of the Feit-Thompson conjecture, which is - in opposite to the well-known Feit-Thompson theorem - not widely known. We try to clarify the scientific literature on this topic and we embed our own result into the present state of art. We prove that pq−1p−1 does not divide qp−1q−1 if p and q are twin primes, i.e. p=q+2. Thus we prove that the Feit-Thompson conjecture is true for twin prime numbers.
Cervical Cancer Perceived Risk Factors Behavior Using Logistic Regression Technique
Authors: Haraz Aya , Elzein I.M. , Chamseddine Ashraf , Eltanboly Ahmed H.
Published: March 2024

Cervical cancer is one of the ailments that endangers the health of women all over the world and causes infertility. Fortunately, this disease can be avoided. Both the results and participation rates of the current preventative strategy remain poor. Hence, preventative or early detection methods remain challenging and open. In gynecology and computer science fields, few studies on identifying cervical cancer are based on behavior risk factor and machine learning. Moreover, various social and behavioral aspects might often make it more difficult to detect cervical cancer especially in low‑ and middle‑income countries (LMICs). Accordingly, focus on predicting the presence of cervical cancer through behavioral risk factors is the basic structure of this research. We proposed an approach to classify cervical cancer from a social-behavioral perspective using logistic regression to predict cervical cancer. We got significantly improved outcomes than the existing methods. Moreover, we used feature engineering to formulate less dimensionality as a pre-processing step and optimized parameters to be prepared for classification phase. The results proved that using the logistic regression with regularization type L1 had a promising performance. The accuracy of Logistic Regression (LR) L1 was 97.2%. Such results support the proposed work as a reliable classification predictive tool.
Production, Characterization, Purification and Antitumor Activity of L-asparaginase from Aspergillus niger
Authors: da Silva Duarte Suzane Meriely , de Carvalho Silva Allyson Kayron de , Assunção Borges Kátia Regina , Borges Cordeiro Carolina , Lindoso Lima Fernanda Jeniffer , da Silva Marcos Antonio Custódio Neto , de Souza Andrade Marcelo , Nascimento Maria do Desterro  Soares Brandão
Published: March 2024

Cervical cancer is caused by a persistent and high-grade infection, caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), which, when entering cervical cells, alters their physiology and generates serious lesions. HPV 18 - is among those most involved in carcinogenesis in this region, but there are still no drug treatments that cause cure or total remission of lesions caused by HPV. Knowing that L-Asparaginase is an amidohydrolase, which plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the treatment of specific cancers, due to its antitumor properties, some studies have demonstrated its cytotoxic effect against cervical cancer cells. However, the commercial version of this enzyme has side effects, such as hypersensitivity, allergic reactions and silent inactivation due to the formation of antibodies. To mitigate these adverse effects, several alternatives have been explored, including the use of L-asparaginase from other microbiological sources, which is the case with the use of the fungus Aspergillus niger, a high producer of L-asparaginase. The study investigated the influence of the type of fermentation, precipitant, purification, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of L-asparaginase. The results revealed that semisolid fermentation produced higher enzymatic activity and protein concentration of A. niger. The characterized enzyme showed excellent stability at pH 9.0, temperature of 50ºC, resistance to surfactants and metallic ions, and an increase in enzymatic activity was also noted with the organic solvent ethanol. Furthermore, it exhibited low cytotoxicity in GM and RAW cells, and significant cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. These findings indicate that L-asparaginase derived from Aspergillus niger may be a promising alternative for pharmaceutical production. Its attributes, including stability, activity and low toxicity in healthy cells, suggest that this modified enzyme could overcome challenges associated with antitumor therapy.
Serum Markers for Evaluating Beef Meat Quality: Potential Applications in Cell-Cultured Meat Production
Authors: Kathera Chandrasekhar , Kim Jihoe
Published: March 2024

Cell-culture meat is a novel concept to replace traditional meat produced from animals, and to satisfy rising food demands due to the world population growth. It is still a young field and requires to solve technical issues including cell sources and types, efficient culture for large scale production, taste and texture for customer satisfaction. The current review summarized traditional beef meat production and evaluation methods for customer satisfaction. In particular, serum biomarkers for beef meat evaluation are discussed, which can be applicated for cell-culture meat production.
Development of a Breathable Packaging Film for Fresh Products
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro V. , Castro M. Cidália R. , Soares Ana M. S. , Melro Liliana , Machado Ana V.
Published: March 2024

In this study a material based on Polyethylene (PE) and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MC) was developed as a breathable packaging film. Surface functionalization of MC with 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) shows to be an efficient alternative to tailor their properties and increase opportunities for the application of MC on the reinforcement of polymers such polyethylene (PE). Functionalization of MC with mentioned silane derivative was achieved using a green method and later used on the development of composites with PE in three percentages (1, 3 and 5%). All the materials were prepared by melt blending and characterized, in terms of structural properties (ATR-FTIR and FTIR in transmittance, EDX, SEM), thermal properties (DSC and TGA), thermomechanical properties (DMA), contact angle measurements and permeability to oxygen and water vapor. The materials demonstrated to have potential to be used as breathable film packaging of fresh products.
Biological Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus Obtained as a Result of Optimization Analysis
Authors: Sevindik Mustafa , Gürgen Aysenur , Khassanov Vadim , Bal Celal
Published: March 2024

Biological Activities of ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus obtained as a result of optimization analysis