bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off the Beaten Path in Oncology: Active Brown Adipose Tissue by Virtue of Molecular Imaging
Authors: Jalloul Wael , Moscalu Mihaela , Moscalu Roxana , Jalloul Despina , Grierosu Irena Cristina , Ionescu Teodor , Stolniceanu Cati Raluca , Ghizdovat Vlad , Mocanu Veronica , Iliescu Radu , Pavaleanu Ioana , Stefanescu Cipriana
Published: September 2023

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is considered beneficial in diabetes and obesity, but it can also have negative effects such as its implication in tumours’ pathogenesis and the development of Cancer-induced Cachexia. Since 18F-FDG PET/CT is a common molecular imaging modality used in cancer assessment, we aim to study the 18F-FDG BAT biodistribution in oncological patients and look for possible correlations between BAT activity and different malignancies as well as the patient’s weight status. After analysing the total number of oncological 18F-FDG PET/CT scans between 2017 and 2021, we selected patients with active BAT. Based on their BMI, the selected patients were divided into nonobese (NO) vs. overweight and obese (OOB). OOB SUVmaxlean body mass(LBM) had the highest mean values in supraclavicular, latero-cervical, and paravertebral vs. mediastinal and latero-thoracic localisations in NO. BMI was positively correlated with latero-cervical and supraclavicular SUVmax(LBM) but negatively correlated with latero-thoracic and abdominal SUVmax(LBM). Considering the age of the patients, SUVmax(LBM) decreases in the latero-cervical, paravertebral, and abdominal regions. In addition, the males presented lower SUVmax(LBM) values. SUVmax(LBM) was not affected by the treatment strategy or the oncological diagnosis. To conclude, it is mandatory to take into consideration the BAT particularities and effects on weight status in order to optimise the clinical management of oncological patients.
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Inhibitors: YU238259, A12B4C3 and DDRI-18 Overcome the Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells, but Not under Hypoxia Conditions
Authors: Macieja Anna , Gulbas Izabela , Popławski Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Cisplatin (CDDP) is the cornerstone of standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP leads to an inevitable recurrence. One of the strategies to overcome resistance to CDDP is the combined treatment of ovarian cancer with CDDP and etoposide (VP-16), although this strategy is not always effective. This article presents a new approach to sensitize CDDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells to combined treatment with CDDP and VP-16. To replicate the tumor conditions of cancers, we performed analysis under hypoxia conditions. Since CDDP and VP-16 induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), we introduce DSB repair inhibitors to the treatment scheme. We used novel HRR and NHEJ inhibitors: YU238259 inhibits the HRR pathway, and DDRI-18 and A12B4C3 act as NHEJ inhibitors. All inhibitors enhanced the therapeutic effect of the CDDP/VP-16 treatment scheme and allowed a decrease in the effective dose of CDDP/VP16. Inhibition of HRR or NHEJ decreased survival and increased DNA damage level, increased the amount of γ-H2AX foci, and caused an increase in apoptotic fraction after treatment with CDDP/VP16. Furthermore, delayed repair of DSBs was detected in HRR- or NHEJ-inhibited cells. This favorable outcome was altered under hypoxia, during which alternation at the transcriptome level of the transcriptome in cells cultured under hypoxia compared to aerobic conditions. These changes suggest that it is likely that other than classical DSB repair systems are activated in cancer cells during hypoxia. Our study suggests that the introduction of DSB inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of commonly used ovarian cancer treatment, and HRR, as well as NHEJ, is an attractive therapeutic target for overcoming the resistance to CDDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells. However, a hypoxia-mediated decrease in response to our scheme of treatment was observed.
Nanocellulose Coating on Kraft Paper
Authors: Lengowski Elaine Cristina , Bonfatti Júnior Eraldo Antonio , Coelho Simon Leonardo , Bolzon de Muniz Graciela Inês , Sulato de Andrade Alan , Neves Leite Aleffe , Souza de Miranda Leite Emilly Laize
Published: September 2023

Paper is a biodegradable material, but in food packaging, its hygroscopicity and porosity can cause food contamination due to the exchange of gasses and liquids with the environment. Therefore, it is important to use biodegradable materials for paper coatings, such as nanocellulose, which is chemically compatible with paper but less hygroscopic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as a paper coating. NFC produced from bleached eucalyptus pulp was used as a coating on kraft paper sheets produced from Pinus pulp. To prepare the coating, two thicknesses of wet nanocellulose (1 mm and 2 mm) were tested, and two nanocellulose films made with the same thicknesses were evaluated. The morphological, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The presence of NFC improved the surface of the paper by filling the pores; consequently, the density and barrier properties were also improved. All mechanical properties were improved, with the highest increases observed for bursting and tensile strength; however, the films showed low bursting index values and null values for the tearing index. The thermal stability of the paper with NFC coatings met the minimum requirements for food packaging.
High-Efficient Gas Nitridation of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel by a Novel Critical Temperature Nitriding Process
Authors: Tang Daodong , Zhang Chengsong , Zhan Haoting , Huang Wenao , Ding Zongkai , Chen Dazhi , Cui Guodong
Published: September 2023

To improve the surface properties of austenitic stainless steels, a thick S-phase layer was prepared by using a novel critical temperature nitriding (CTN) process. The properties of the thick S-phase layer were optimized by controlling the process parameters. The microstructures and phase compositions of CTN-treated layers were characterized by the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The surface properties, including corrosion and wear resistance, were systematically investigated by the electrochemical workstation, micro-hardness tester and ball-on-disk tribometer, respectively. The results showed that a thick S-phase layer with a thickness of 18 to 25 μm can be fabricated in a short time by critical temperature nitriding, which represented higher efficiency than conventional low-temperature nitriding. Although the most top surfaces of CTN-treated layers contain massive iron nitrides, there are no precipitates in the inner nitrided layer. The electronic work function calculated by first-principles method has confirmed that those iron nitrides had a slight influence on the corrosion resistance of nitrided layers. The optimized CTN-treated layer exhibited a comparable corrosion resistance and wear resistance as the low-temperature nitrided layer. The CTN process is considered a potentially highly efficient surface modification method for austenitic stainless steels.
Dispersal Capabilities Do Not Parallel Ecology and Cryptic Speciation in European Cheliferidae Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae)
Authors: Just Pavel , Šťáhlavský František , Bogusch Petr , Astapenková Alena , Opatova Vera
Published: September 2023

The ability to disperse has continually shaped both the distribution and diversification of biota, and it affects the survival of the species with respect to wide-ranging habitat loss. As a response, organisms unable to spread by their own means often developed surrogate dispersal strategies. Pseudoscorpions possess small body sizes and cannot actively disperse over large distances and geographic barriers; therefore, they have adopted other ecological strategies. They are either sedentary and remain confined to stable environments or passively disperse via phoresy and are capable of inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, including temporary ones. In this paper, we use barcoding data to investigate the genetic diversity of four widely distributed and relatively morphologically uniform Cheliferidae genera Chelifer, Dactylochelifer, Rhacochelifer and Hysterochelifer. We aim to (i) test whether the genera harbor cryptic diversity and (ii) evaluate whether the genetic structure of the species parallels their dispersal capabilities and habitat preferences (i.e., ecological strategies). In general, we uncovered independent lineages within all analyzed genera, which indicates their need for a thorough and integrative taxonomic revision. More specifically, we detected a varying degree of genetic structuring among the lineages. Known phoretic species, as well as some species and delimited lineages that are not known to use this manner of dispersal, showed a complete lack of geographical structure and shared haplotypes over large distances, while other taxa had restricted distributions. We argue that genetic structure can be used as a proxy to evaluate species’ dispersal manner and efficacy. Our results also suggest that taxa inhabiting stable environments might use phoresy for their dispersal.
Resolving Conservation Conflicts through Shared Vision, Collective Benefits and Relevant Values
Authors: van de Water Antoinette , Doornwaard Suzan , Sluiter Liesbeth , Henley Michelle , Sutherland Catherine , Slotow Rob
Published: September 2023

The global challenges of biodiversity loss and persistent poverty and inequality, which interact and shape each other at the local scale, require new strategies to improve human well-being and conserve biodiversity. In South Africa, inclusive and transformative conservation approaches are gaining support, which is of particular importance given the challenging history of conservation during the colonial and apartheid eras. The Dinokeng Game Reserve was created to conserve biodiversity and combat poverty in adjacent communities. However, human–elephant conflict and community development challenges have led to unproductive conservation trade-offs. We developed a Theory of Change for Living in Harmony that can help policymakers, conservation organisations and local communities to find better solutions. To develop the Theory of Change, we assessed the visions and perspectives towards (elephant) conservation and socio-economic development among both people living inside (owners/direct beneficiaries) and outside (community/indirect beneficiaries) the reserve. The study revealed common ground among stakeholder groups in ranking elephant benefits, as well as a collective acknowledgement of the importance of moral values in conservation decision making. However, the benefits of living within or adjacent to an elephant reserve differed considerably across stakeholder groups. Accordingly, different but not mutually exclusive solutions were suggested, including investments in multi-level good governance, education and capacity building, active community engagement and development, reserve expansion, and promoting the reserve’s integrated conservation model. This Theory of Change aims to support common ground between stakeholders, with critical feedback loops that reduce barriers and enable conditions for coexistence. It promotes conservation strategies that are socially relevant and widely supported, can create mutually beneficial outcomes for elephants, biodiversity, and multiple stakeholders, and can be applied to other species or ecosystems in general, with specific elements being tailored to those circumstances.
Use of Digital Diagnostic Aids for Initial Caries Detection: A Review
Authors: Chan Emma Kay , Wah Yuet Ying , Lam Walter Yu-Hang , Chu Chun-Hung , Yu Ollie Yiru
Published: September 2023

The advance in digital diagnostic technologies has significantly facilitated the detection of dental caries. Despite the increase in clinically available digital diagnostic aids for dental caries, there is yet to be a comprehensive summary of all available technology. This review aims to provide an overview of digital diagnostic aids for the clinical detection of dental caries, particularly those at an initial stage. Currently available digital diagnostic aids for caries detection can be classified into four categories according to the initial source of energy, including radiation-based aids, light-based aids, ultrasound-based aids, and electric-based aids. Radiation-based aids use ionizing radiation, normally X-ray, to produce images of dental structures. Radiation-based aids encompass digital bitewing radiography and cone beam computed tomography. Light-based aids employ light or laser to induce signals for the detection of the changes in the carious dental hard tissue. Common light-based aids include digital transillumination and light/laser-induced fluorescence. Ultrasound-based aids detect the signal of ultrasound waves to assess the acoustic impedance of the carious teeth. The ultrasound caries detector is an available ultrasound-based aid. Electric-based aids assess the changes in the electric current conductance or impedance of the teeth with caries. Available electric-based aids include electrical conductance measurement and alternating current impedance spectroscopy. Except for these clinically available digital diagnostic aids, many digital diagnostic aids for caries detection are still under development with promising results in laboratory settings.
Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the U.S.: Firm Performance Based on Entrepreneurial Competencies
Authors: Li Honghua , Awotoye Yemisi , Singh Robert P.
Published: September 2023

Although immigrants represent a sizeable and growing portion of the total U.S. population and immigrant entrepreneurs play an important role in the U.S. economy, they remain relatively understudied within the literature. Existing research suggests that immigrants are more likely to start a business than non-immigrants in the U.S. and face unique challenges while doing so. This paper attempts to contribute to the existing literature by examining the impact of entrepreneurial competencies of immigrant entrepreneurs on their firms’ performance. Given that entrepreneurial success, performance, and growth depend heavily on entrepreneurial competencies, we develop a conceptual discussion and three propositions indicating that immigrant-owned firm performance is influenced by three specific competencies held by immigrant entrepreneurs: proficiency in the host country’s language, knowledge about the host country, and cultural intelligence. Following a review of the literature and the development of the propositions, we discuss implications, limitations, and future research directions for researchers and practitioners.
Health Education Intervention Programs in Early Childhood Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fináncz Judit , Podráczky Judit , Deutsch Krisztina , Soós Evelin , Bánfai-Csonka Henrietta , Csima Melinda
Published: September 2023

Adult health behavior is established and formed in childhood, in which, besides the primacy of the family, institutional education plays a significant role. The aim of our systematic review is to analyze health interventions implemented in an institutional environment for children aged 3–6 years. Our research was carried out according to the PRISMA 2020 protocol. The sample of research was determined by using the keywords “health education” or “health promotion” and “preschool” or “kindergarten” in Scopus, ERIC and WOS databases published between 2013 and 2022. Out of a total of 1535 results, 14 proved to be relevant to the eligibility criteria of the study topic. Cochrane Risk of Bias criteria were used for critical appraisal and to limit bias. The majority of the analyzed studies focused on physical activity and nutrition, including the issues of sedentary time, obesity and sustainability. The holistic approach is less typical in the interventions reviewed, with a marginal occurrence of topics related to mental and social health, as well as risk behavior. The interventions proved to be more effective when parents were involved, and the varied, age-appropriate game-based activities also contributed to the formation of health-supporting habits.
Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Differentiated Instruction amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from a Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Yuen Suet-Ying , Luo Zili , Wan Sally Wai-yan
Published: September 2023

Differentiated instruction (DI) has been introduced as a viable approach for accommodating the diverse learning needs of students in the same classroom. Despite the significant advantages attributed to this approach, it can still be a challenge for teachers to incorporate DI into practice. This study examined the lived experiences and perceptions of teachers regarding the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their differentiation practices. Purposive sampling was used, and 40 in-service primary and secondary school teachers in Hong Kong were recruited. Hybrid thematic analysis was implemented to examine data from the semi-structured interviews carried out in both face-to-face and online formats. Drawing on the five-dimensional model of differentiation as a conceptual framework, the findings were organized into five thematic areas: (1) teaching arrangements, (2) learning environment, (3) teaching methods, (4) support materials, and (5) assessment. The perceptions of teachers, both positive and negative, regarding the impact of the pandemic on DI were categorized into sub-themes. The results indicated that while the pandemic brought about considerable obstacles for educators in practicing DI, it also opened up opportunities for new approaches to meeting the diverse needs of students.
Looking at the Margins: Is Inclusive Education for All?
Authors: Chieppa Maria Antonietta , Cabrero Roberto Sánchez , Sandoval Marta
Published: September 2023

Over the last 30 years, international education policies have emphasised the need for more inclusive environments, especially for previously marginalised and excluded populations. This article explores the status of culturally and linguistically diverse students with special educational needs in Spain between 2009 and 2019. Disaggregating the data by gender and origin (Spanish, EU, and non-EU), we compare the relative risk ratio (RRI) of ending up in a special education pathway for each group and relate it to the poverty risk index. The results reveal that male students from non-European backgrounds are more likely to attend a special school and that poverty has a different impact on the schooling of students depending on their origin. Therefore, while all Spanish laws support the rights-based anti-discrimination principle of equitable education, international and national policy objectives do not appear to be confirmed by educational practices. We conclude that the findings indicate a Eurocentric perspective that reads ‘difference’ as a form of deficit and propose to begin to question the role that colonial culture can play in developing inclusive policies and practices.
How School-Based Wellbeing Interventions, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender Impact Anxiety Development in Middle Childhood
Authors: O’Halloran Tracy , Symonds Jennifer , Bhreathnach Linda L. , Sloan Seaneen , Devine Dympna , Martinez Sainz Gabriela , Davies Aisling
Published: September 2023

The current study examined whether delivering wellbeing interventions in schools impacted anxiety development in middle childhood. Schools have an important role to play in addressing children’s anxiety through daily practice in classrooms and by implementing specialist wellbeing interventions that support children’s coping. A nationally representative sample of Irish primary school children (N = 2313; 48.9% male) were surveyed when they were in second class (M age 8.09 years, SD = 0.39) and fourth class (M age 9.96 years, SD = 0.40) of primary school. Teachers reported on wellbeing interventions in schools. Key findings from moderation analyses suggest that family affluence and being female predicted a greater increase in anxiety development and that wellbeing interventions interacted with family affluence to reduce anxiety development for more affluent children. These findings can be used to strengthen the design and implementation of wellbeing interventions for a more efficacious approach to minimising children’s anxiety development.
Intraocular Pressure during Spaceflight and Risk of Glaucomatous Damage in Prolonged Microgravity
Authors: Masalkhi Mouayad , Ong Joshua , Waisberg Ethan , Berdahl John , Lee Andrew G.
Published: September 2023

Microgravity introduces diverse pathological and various physiological changes to the human body, including intraocular pressure. Astronauts may develop a constellation of symptoms and signs including optic disc edema, choroidal folds, and a hyperopic shift from the flattening of the globe. These ocular findings have been collectively termed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). SANS is a condition that is unique to long-duration spaceflight. The precise pathogenesis of SANS remains ill-defined, but several hypotheses have been proposed that may be influenced by intraocular pressure. Countermeasures for SANS research also include techniques that impact intraocular pressure. In this article, we discuss intraocular pressure during spaceflight, the translaminar pressure gradient, SANS and potential SANS countermeasures, and the potential for glaucomatous damage during spaceflight.
Comparative Na+ and K+ Profiling Reveals Microbial Community Assembly of Alfalfa Silage in Different Saline-Alkali Soils
Authors: Li Shengnan , Bao Yushan , Lv Mingju , Zhang Lianyi , Liu Lin , Liu Yinghao , Lu Qiang
Published: September 2023

Alfalfa cultivated in saline-alkaline soils exhibits a high buffering capacity but low carbohydrate content, posing challenges in the production of high-quality silage feed. This study investigated alfalfa plants grown under varying conditions: mild (QE, salt content 1–2%), moderate (ZE, salt content 2–3%), severe (HE, salt content 3–4%), and non-saline-alkaline (CON, salt content < 1%). Employing a two-factor experimental design, we analyzed the fluctuations in nutritional quality, microbial abundance, and community composition of different salt–alkaline alfalfa materials and silage feeds. Furthermore, we elucidated the fermentation mechanism involved in salt–alkaline alfalfa ensiling. Following a 60-day ensiling period, the ZE and HE treatments led to substantial reductions in pH, acetic acids (AA), branched-chain butyric acids (BA) content, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and Escherichia coli populations (p < 0.05). Conversely, the ZE and HE treatments increased lactic acid (LA) content and the population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (p < 0.05). Additionally, these treatments significantly mitigated protein losses in both raw alfalfa and silage feeds (p < 0.05), while remarkably augmenting the water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), Na+, and K+ content of alfalfa materials. Sodium ions were found to exert a considerable influence on bacterial community composition during salt–alkaline alfalfa ensiling, with Enterococcus, Lactococcus, and Lactobacillus identified as the predominant fermentative microorganisms. Overall, moderately salt-alkaline alfalfa materials displayed optimal nutritional and fermentation quality, ensuring favorable nutritional attributes and fermentation outcomes under such conditions.
Effects of Snail Bellamya purificata Farming at Different Stocking Densities on the Algal and Fungal Communities in Sediment
Authors: Hou Yiran , Zhou Mengmeng , Jia Rui , Sun Wei , Yang Yanhong , Huang Xiongjian , Li Bing , Zhu Jian
Published: September 2023

The snail Bellamya purificata is recognized as a potential bio-remediation species, and is commonly employed in polyculture to enhance resource utilization efficiency and realize culture environment regulation. In order to enrich the microbiome studies on elucidating the ecological effects of snail B. purificata farming, we assessed the effect of B. purificata farming activities, at varying stocking densities, on the algal and fungal communities in sediment. Four experimental groups were established in our study, each corresponding to a different stocking density: 0, 234.38, 468.75, and 937.5 g/m2, represented as CON, LD, MD, and HD, respectively. High-throughput sequencing based on ITS and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was employed to analyze the variations in algal and fungal communities under B. purificata farming activities at different stocking densities. B. purificata farming activities had no significant effect on the alpha diversities of fungal and algal communities, but significantly altered the compositions of fungal and algal communities in sediments, especially B. purificata farming activity at low stocking density. B. purificata farming activities at low stocking density could significantly increase the relative abundances of fungal genera Paraconiothyrium and Penicillium compared with the CON group. The promoting effect diminished with increasing density. B. purificata farming activities at low or medium stocking density also could enhance the relative abundances of algal genera Microchloropsis, Scenedesmus, and Auxenochlorella. Hence, B. purificata farming activity at low stocking density might be the optimum density to enhance resource utilization efficiency and minimize environmental pollution.
Research on Defect Detection in Kubo Peach Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology Combined with CARS-MIV-GA-SVM Method
Authors: Zhang Lixiu , Nie Pengcheng , Zhang Shujuan , Zhang Liying , Sun Tianyuan
Published: September 2023

Due to the dark red surface of ripe fresh peaches, their internal injury defects cannot be detected using the naked eye and conventional images. The rapid and accurate detection of fresh peach defects can improve the efficiency of fresh peach classification. The goal of this paper was to develop a nondestructive approach to simultaneously detecting internal injury defects and external injuries in fresh peaches. First, we collected spectral data from 347 Kubo peach samples using hyperspectral imaging technology (900–1700 nm) and carried out pretreatment. Four methods (the competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm (CARS), the combination of CARS and the average influence value algorithm (CARS-MIV), the combination of CARS and the successive projections algorithm (CARS-SPA), and the combination of CARS and uninformative variable elimination (CARS-UVE)) were used to extract the characteristic wavelength. Based on the characteristic wavelength extracted using the above methods, a genetic algorithm optimization support vector machine (GA-SVM) model and a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model were used to establish classification models. The results show that the combination of CARS and other feature wavelength extraction methods can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model when the number of wavelengths is small. Among them, the discriminant accuracy of the CARS-MIV-GA-SVM model reaches 93.15%. In summary, hyperspectral imaging technology can accomplish the accurate detection of Kubo peaches defects, and provides feasible ideas for the automatic classification of Kubo peaches.
Effects of Whey Peptides on the Quality of Pork Ball Preprepared Dishes during Repeated Freezing–Thawing
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Yu Pengjuan , Yan Jiayan , Shi Yishuang , Feng Jianhui , Peng Xinyan
Published: September 2023

This study evaluated the effect of FI (Fraction I, molecular weight < 1 kDa), which is separated from natural whey protein, on the antioxidant activity, sensory quality, color, texture characteristics, and microbial growth of pork balls during repeated freeze–thaw cycles (F-T cycles). The results indicated that pork balls mixed with FI significantly improved in quality after repeating the F-T cycle, especially with the addition of 10% FI. The quality was improved significantly after repeated F-T cycles by adding 10% FI, and the antioxidant activity after seven F-T cycles decreased by 40.78%, a similar result to that obtained with the addition of 0.02% BHA. In addition, FI effectively reduced the sensory damage of pork balls caused by repeated freezing–thawing and also significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms. In summary, FI not only has excellent antioxidant capacity under repeated freeze–thaw conditions but also has significant antibacterial and quality preservation effects and is expected to be quantified as a kind of natural food additive with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This paper not only explores the effect of FI on the quality characteristics of frozen and thawed pork balls in prepared dishes but also provides a theoretical basis for the application of whey polypeptides in prepared meat.
Anti-Biofilm Activity of Chlorogenic Acid against Pseudomonas Using Quorum Sensing System
Authors: Wang Lin , Cao Xueli , Pei Hairun , Liu Ping , Song Ya , Wu Yulun
Published: September 2023

Chlorogenic acid is a secondary metabolite produced by many traditional Chinese medicines. Its physiological activities (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, etc.) have been well described. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid on the biofilm of drinking water bacteria. The effects of chlorogenic acid on the metabolites of the biofilms were also evaluated. Chlorogenic acid was found to have an anti-biofilm effect against Pseudomonas, resulting in biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner (0.53–25.4 mM CGA). Moreover, the biofilm structure was visibly attenuated. Furthermore, we identified and characterized 23 differential metabolites and associated two metabolic pathways involving beta-alanine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism that were altered mostly during biofilm formation. A quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that chlorogenic acid interfered with the signaling molecule synthesis and transcription regulators using the Las, Pqs and Rhl systems. These findings suggest that chlorogenic acid can be a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor and inhibit biofilm formation. It may be a promising natural product for the prevention of contaminated drinking water.
Advanced Insights into Walnut Protein: Structure, Physiochemical Properties and Applications
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , He Weiheng , Zhao Sihan , Jiao Teng , Hu Haifang , Li Jingming , Zhang Lei , Zang Jiachen
Published: September 2023

Facing extreme pressure from an increasing population and climate degeneration, it is important to explore a green, safe and environmentally sustainable food source, especially for protein-enriched diets. Plant proteins have gained much attention in recent years, ascribing to their high nutritional value and environmental friendliness. In this review, we summarized recent advances in walnut protein with respect to its geographical distribution, structural and physiochemical properties and functional attributes. As a worldwide cultivated and largely consumptive crop, allergies and some physicochemical limitations have also led to a few concerns about walnut protein. Through comprehensive analysis and discussion, some strategies may be useful for future research, extraction and processing of walnut protein.
A Novel RAA Combined Test Strip Method Based on Dual Gene Targets for Pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus in Aquatic Products
Authors: Liu Wenyue , Zhang Guangying , Xu Di , Ye Jingqin , Lu Ying
Published: September 2023

Vibrio vulnificus can cause disease in aquatic animals and humans, therefore, rapid and simple field detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus is important for early disease prevention. In this study, a novel recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) combined test strip with double T-lines (RAA-TS-DTL) was developed for the rapid detection of V. vulnificus in aquatic products. Pathogenic V. vulnificus was detected using the virulence vvhA gene and the housekeeping gene gyrB gene as the dual target of the test strip. The RAA-TS-DTL method showed 100% specificity for V. vulnificus, and no cross-reaction was observed with Vibrio spp. or other bacteria (n = 14). Furthermore, sensitive detection of V. vulnificus in oysters was achieved. The LODs of the gyrB and vvhA genes were 6 CFU/mL and 23 CFU/mL, respectively, which was about five times higher than that of the commercial test strip. The method was validated with spiked samples (n = 60) of fish, shrimp and oyster. The consistency between RAA-TS-DTL and the traditional culture method was 97.9%. In addition, the entire process of detection, including preparation of the sample, could be completed within 50 min. Our results indicated that the developed RAA-TS-DTL was a reliable and useful tool for rapid screening or on-site detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus in aquatic products and aquaculture water.
Exploring Large MAF Transcription Factors: Functions, Pathology, and Mouse Models with Point Mutations
Authors: Fujino Mitsunori , Ojima Masami , Takahashi Satoru
Published: September 2023

Large musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) transcription factors contain acidic, basic, and leucine zipper regions. Four types of MAF have been elucidated in mice and humans, namely c-MAF, MAFA, MAFB, and NRL. This review aimed to elaborate on the functions of MAF transcription factors that have been studied in vivo so far, as well as describe the pathology of human patients and corresponding mouse models with c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB point mutations. To identify the functions of MAF transcription factors in vivo, we generated genetically modified mice lacking c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB and analyzed their phenotypes. Further, in recent years, c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB have been identified as causative genes underpinning many rare diseases. Careful observation of human patients and animal models is important to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions for targeted therapies. Murine models exhibit phenotypes similar to those of human patients with c-MAF, MAFA, and MAFB mutations. Therefore, generating these animal models emphasizes their usefulness for research uncovering the pathophysiology of point mutations in MAF transcription factors and the development of etiology-based therapies.
Gout in Paleopathology: A Review with Some Etiological Considerations
Authors: Ling Nellissa Y. , Halcrow Siân E. , Buckley Hallie R.
Published: September 2023

Gout has been part of human history for thousands of years. Skeletal evidence of the disease among past people in Europe is often associated with high-status individuals whose lifestyles comprised risk factors for gout, including increased sedentism and greater access to rich, high-caloric, food. A growing body of evidence, however, has shown that multiple factors other than lifestyle also contribute to gout development. In 2011, Buckley presented a review of modern and pre-modern gout cases in which she proposed that selective pressures may partly underlie the high prevalence of gout in the population history of the Pacific region. In this paper, we provide an update on Buckley’s 2011 review of gout in human history. We also review early life stress as a potential underlying factor to consider for gout development, particularly among small prehistoric communities where opulent lifestyles traditionally associated with gout were unlikely to have occurred.
Narrations on Digital Unconsciousness: A Psychoanalytical Perspective on SCPs
Authors: De Marino Francesca
Published: September 2023

With a psychoanalytic lens, this article will examine some forms of contemporary narration, which develop in the virtual world and appear as phenomena related to mythopoiesis in preadolescence. Such forms put the body at the heart of the identity transformation. The body becomes a staple of the metamorphosis of suffering and drives the elaboration of pain. While always on the edge of ambiguity, these stories nurture persecution, fear, a state of permanent and ruleless alert, and a flood of primordial affects questioning the boundaries between the organic and the inorganic, which is a problem that the common sense of our time seems to feel with greater urgency.
Cluster Donation: How Future Healthcare Professionals Bound Certain Types of Tissues and Biomedical Research and How It Affects Their Willingness to Donate
Authors: Domaradzki Jan , Walkowiak Marcin Piotr , Walkowiak Dariusz
Published: September 2023

Although biomedical research requires cooperation with a large number of donors, its success also depends on the input of healthcare professionals who play a crucial role in promoting biomedical research and influencing an individual’s decision to donate one’s biospecimens that are left over after a medical procedure. This work was aimed at investigating the correlation between medical and healthcare students’ willingness to donate a biospecimen, the type of tissues to be donated, and the type of biomedical research to be conducted. A population survey among medical and healthcare students enrolled at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences was conducted on their attitudes toward the donation of human biological material for research purposes. A total of 1500 students responded and completed the survey. The questionnaire used multiple-choice closed-ended questions designed to explore medical and healthcare students’ preferences for sharing particular types of tissues and donating to a particular type of biomedical research. It asked three questions: 1. Which type of tissue would people be willing to donate for research purposes? 2. Which organs would they be willing to donate after death? 3. What type of research would they be willing to donate to? While future healthcare professionals’ beliefs regarding certain types of tissues and research can influence their willingness to donate for research purposes, many students tend to think about the body and biomedical research in terms of clusters. Consequently, their willingness to donate certain tissues for a particular type of research can affect their decision to donate other tissues. Our data suggest that cluster thinking with regard to donation can be a predictor of people’s readiness to participate in the collection and management of biospecimens.
Cessation of Rectal Screening for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Türkiye
Authors: Telli Dizman Gülçin , Metan Gökhan , Zarakolu Pınar , Tanrıverdi Elif Seren , Hazırolan Gülşen , Aytaç Ak Hanife , Kılınçarslan Dilek , Uzun Mertcan , Çelik Kavaklılar Başak , Arık Zafer , Otlu Barış , Ünal Serhat
Published: September 2023

Objective: Here, we compared the impact of different polices on the epidemiology of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections (VRE-BSIs) in a tertiary care hospital including two hospital buildings (oncology and adult hospitals) in the same campus. Material and Methods: All patients who were hospitalized in high-risk units were screened weekly for VRE colonization via rectal swab between January 2006 and January 2013. After January 2013, VRE screening was only performed in cases of suspicion of VRE outbreak and during point prevalence studies to evaluate the epidemiology of VRE colonization. Contact precautions were in place for all VRE-positive patients. The incidence density rates of hospital-acquired (HA)-VRE-BSIs were compared between two periods. Results: While the rate of VRE colonization was higher in the second period (5% vs. 9.5% (p < 0.01) for the adult hospital, and 6.4% vs. 12% (p = 0.02 for the oncology hospital), there was no increase in the incidence rate HA-VRE BSIs after the cessation of routine rectal screening in either of the hospitals. Conclusion: Screening policies should be dynamic and individualized according to the epidemiology of VRE as well as the workforce and cost. Periodical rectal screening of VRE can be discontinued if suspicion of an outbreak can be carefully monitored.
The Splendour of Glitter: Silver Leaf in barniz de Pasto Objects
Authors: Álvarez-White María Cecilia , Cohen David , Fernández Mario Omar
Published: September 2023

This paper presents current findings about the historical use of silver and metallic elements as part of the decorative technique from Colombia known as barniz de Pasto. The results are part of broader ongoing research. The aim is to interpret and assess the introduction of metal as a significant component in the consolidation of the technique. Our research uses well-established imaging techniques (visible light macrophotography; infrared and ultraviolet photography), cross-sections, and elemental mapping from SEM-EDS. The results are compared and interpreted within a holistic framework suggesting the introduction of silver as part of an innovation of the barniz de Pasto technique, either as whole silver leaf sandwiched between layers of mopa-mopa or as “venturine”, obtained by kneading, and therefore fragmenting, silver leaf within mopa-mopa layers.
Defending IoT Devices against Bluetooth Worms with Bluetooth OBEX Proxy
Authors: Hsu Fu-Hau , Wu Min-Hao , Hwang Yan-Ling , Chen Jian-Xin , Huang Jian-Hong , Wang Hao-Jyun , Lai Yi-Wen
Published: September 2023

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased dramatically in recent years, and Bluetooth technology is critical for communication between IoT devices. It is possible to protect electronic communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data from malware and data theft with BlueZ’s Bluetooth File Transfer Filter (BTF). It can use a configurable filter to block unauthorized Bluetooth file transfers. The BTF is available for various Linux distributions and can protect many Bluetooth-enabled devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the Internet of Things. However, the increased number and density of Bluetooth devices have also created a serious problem—the Bluetooth worm. It poses a severe threat to the security of Bluetooth devices. In this paper, we propose a Bluetooth OBEX Proxy (BOP) to filter malicious files transferred to devices via the OBEX system service in BlueZ. The method described in this article prevents illegal Bluetooth file transfers, defending big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and electronic communications from malware and data theft. It also protects numerous Bluetooth devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the Internet of Things, with many Linux distributions. Overall, the detection findings were entirely accurate, with zero false positives and 2.29% misses.
Providing a User Extensible Service-Enabled Multi-Fidelity Hybrid Cloud-Deployable SoS Test and Evaluation (T&E) Infrastructure: Application of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) as a Service (MSaaS)
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Wittman Robert L. , Gibson John , Huffman Josh , Miller Hans
Published: September 2023

Autonomous and AI-enabled systems present a challenge for integration within the System of Sys-tems (SoS) paradigm. A full system of systems (SoS) testbed is necessary to verify the integrity of a given system and preserve the modularization and accountability of its constituent systems. This integrated system needs to support iterative, continuous testing and development. This need war-rants the development of a virtual environment that provides the ground truth in a simulated sce-nario, interfaces with real-world data, and uses various domain-specific and domain-agnostic simulation systems for development, testing, and evaluation. These required features present a non-trivial challenge wherein constructive models and systems at different levels of fidelity need to interoperate to advance the testing, evaluation, and integration of complex systems. Such a virtual and constructive SoS architecture should be independent of the underlying computational infra-structure but must be cloud-enabled for wider integration of AI-enabled software components. This paper will present a modular Simulation, Experimentation, Analytics, and Test (SEAT) Lay-ered Architecture Framework, a 10-step methodology. This paper will also demonstrate a case study of a hybrid cloud-enabled simulation SoS that allows extensibility, composability, and de-ployability in different target environments.
The Mysterious Amurian Grig Paracyphoderris erebeus Storozhenko, 1980 (Orthoptera: Prophalangopsidae): New Data on Its Distribution, Ecology and Biology
Authors: Storozhenko Sergey Yu. , Molodtsov Vladimir V. , Sergeev Michael G.
Published: September 2023

New data on distribution, ecology and biology of the rare extant species Paracyphoderris erebeus of the almost completely ancient family Prophalangopsidae (Orthoptera) are given. This montane species prefers humid areas with relatively low summer temperatures. Habits, mating behaviour and life history of P. erebeus are extremely similar to those of the North American representatives of the genus Cyphoderris. Nowadays, the Amurian grig is known from the Myaochan, Badzhalsky, Dusse-Alin, Bureinsky and Aezop ridges in the Khabarovsk Territory (north of the Amur River) and Bydyr Mountain in the Jewish Autonomous Region of Russia only. The analysis of the predicted distribution of P. erebeus based on the occurrence data reveals that the populations of the species may be more widely distributed over the southern part of the Russian Far East, at least up to 56° N. The ecologo-geographic model of the species distribution over its range is generated using the Maxent 3.4.4 software for the first time. Modelling of the P. erebeus distribution for 2021–2040 and 2041–2060 shows that the position of the species range appears to be relatively stable but a weak decline in the foretold suitability during climate warming may result in a reduction in population sizes and the subsequent fragmentation of the species population system. In this case, the Amurian grig will become a prospective to be included on the IUCN Red List.
Effect of Leaf Removal and Insecticide Applications on Population Densities of Leafhoppers and Mites Associated with Grapevines
Authors: Prazaru Stefan Cristian , dal Mas Giovanni , Padoin Matteo , Rizzardo Denis , Meggio Franco , Pitacco Andrea , Pozzebon Alberto , Duso Carlo
Published: September 2023

In this study, we tested the effects of mechanical leaf removal, insecticide application, and their interaction on leafhoppers and phytophagous and predatory mites occurring in two vineyards over three growing seasons. Leaf removal was performed in the fruit zone using a two-head pulsed air leaf remover, while insecticides were applied with a tunnel air-assisted sprayer at the maximum dose/ha recommended on the product label. Results demonstrated the efficacy of insecticide application in reducing the population densities of leafhoppers but also their detrimental effects on predatory mites. In a number of case studies, leaf removal reduced leafhopper and predatory mite densities. In one vineyard, phytophagous mite populations increased some weeks after leaf removal and insecticide application, highlighting the need to carefully consider the potential impact of vineyard management practices on non-target arthropods in the IPM framework.