bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bindarit Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibiting CCL2 and CCL7 Expression via the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yuan Shi‐guo , Hu Hong‐ling , Wang Xin‐jia , Yang Jin‐cheng , Zhou Rong‐ping , Bai Xiao‐chun , Lai Ping‐lin
Published: April 2022

Objective

To investigate the changes in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely, C‐C motif ligand (CCL) 2 and CCL7, in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and to develop a new drug, bindarit (Bnd), for PMOP in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model.

Methods

Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) from the femurs of five women with PMOP and five premenopausal women without osteoporosis were detected by RNA sequencing. BMMs from mice were differentiated into osteoclasts and treated with a synthetic inhibitor of CCL2 and CCL7, Bnd, or 17 beta estradiol (E2). Mouse BMMs were differentiated into osteoclasts with or without Bnd for 7 days and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Osteoblasts of mice were induced to undergo osteoblastogenesis and treated with Bnd. OVX mice were treated with E2 or Bnd after surgery. The protein and mRNA expression of CCL2 and CCL7 was detected using immunostaining and qPCR, respectively, in OVX and aged mice and in cells cultured in vitro. Osteoclast formation was detected using a tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay in vitro and in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected using immunostaining to evaluate osteogenesis. Microcomputed tomography was conducted to analyze trabecular bone parameters, the structure model index, bone mineral density and other variables. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway‐related protein phosphorylation of IKKα/β (p‐IKKα/β) and p‐NFκB p65 was examined using western blotting.

Results

CCL2, CCL7 and their receptor of C‐C chemokine receptor‐2 (CCR2), and the NF‐κB signaling pathway, were significantly increased in women with PMOP. CCL2 and CCL7 protein and mRNA expression was increased in OVX mice and aged female mice, but the increases were attenuated by E2 and Bnd. E2 and Bnd effectively inhibited osteoclastogenesis and the protein expression of CCL2 and CCL7 both in vitro and in vivo and reduced bone loss in OVX mice. Bnd did not affect the mineralization of osteoblasts directly in vitro but reduced bone turnover in vivo. p‐IKKα/β and p‐NFκB p65 levels were increased in BMMs of mice after differentiation into osteoclasts but were significantly decreased by Bnd.

Conclusion

The proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines CCL2, CCL7 and CCR2 were correlated with PMOP. Bnd attenuated the increases in CCL2 and CCL7 levels to affect osteoporosis in OVX mice via the NFκB signaling pathway. Thus, Bnd may be useful as a new therapeutic for the prevention of PMOP.
Good outcomes after pediatric intraperitoneal kidney transplant
Authors: Gerzina Elizabeth A. , Brewer Eileen D. , Guhan Maya , Geha Joseph D. , Huynh Anh P. , O’Conor Daniel , Thorsen Andrew C. , Tan Gail C. , Bhakta Kirti , Hosek Kat , Malik Tahir H. , O’Mahony Christine A. , Faraone Marielle E. , Fuller Kelby , Rana Abbas , Swartz Sarah J. , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Galván N. Thao N.
Published: April 2022

Background

Kidney transplantation in small children is technically challenging. Consideration of whether to use intraperitoneal versus extraperitoneal placement of the graft depends on patient size, clinical history, anatomy, and surgical preference. We report a large single‐center experience of intraperitoneal kidney transplantation and their outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients who underwent kidney transplantation from April 2011 to March 2018 at a single large volume center. We identified those with intraperitoneal placement and assessed their outcomes, including graft and patient survival, rejection episodes, and surgical or non‐surgical complications.

Results

Forty‐six of 168 pediatric kidney transplants (27%) were placed intraperitoneally in children mean age 5.5 ± 2.3 years (range 1.6–10 years) with median body weight 18.2 ± 5 kg (range 11.4–28.6 kg) during the study period. Two patients (4%) had vascular complications; 10 (22%) had urologic complications requiring intervention; all retained graft function. Thirteen patients (28%) had prolonged post‐operative ileus. Eight (17%) patients had rejection episodes ≤6 months post‐transplant. Only one case resulted in graft loss and was associated with recurrent focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Two patients (4%) had chronic rejection and subsequent graft loss by 5‐year follow‐up. At 7‐year follow‐up, graft survival was 93% and patient survival was 98%.

Conclusions

The intraperitoneal approach offers access to the great vessels, which allows greater inflow and outflow and more abdominal capacity for an adult donor kidney, which is beneficial in very small patients. Risk of graft failure and surgical complications were not increased when compared to other published data on pediatric kidney transplants.
An integrable semidiscretization of the modified Camassa–Holm equation with linear dispersion term
Authors: Sheng Han‐Han , Yu Guo‐Fu , Feng Bao‐Feng
Published: April 2022

In the present paper, we are with integrable discretization of a modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation with linear dispersion term. The key of the construction is the semidiscrete analog for a set of bilinear equations of the mCH equation. First, we show that these bilinear equations and their determinant solutions either in Gram‐type or Casorati‐type can be reduced from the discrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation through Miwa transformation. Then, by scrutinizing the reduction process, we obtain a set of semidiscrete bilinear equations and their general soliton solution in Gram‐type or Casorati‐type determinant form. Finally, by defining dependent variables and discrete hodograph transformations, we are able to derive an integrable semidiscrete analog of the mCH equation. It is also shown that the semidiscrete mCH equation converges to the continuous one in the continuum limit.
Decentralized management of ephemeral traffic incidents
Authors: Hu Wenyan , Chen Bingkun , Winter Stephan , Khoshelham Kourosh
Published: April 2022

Ephemeral traffic incidents, such as a fallen tree on a road, pose traffic safety hazards, and impact locally on traffic. While these incidents are neither predictable nor persistent, their existence is relevant for all vehicles planning to pass by while the impact continues. This article develops a novel communication strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks aiming to inform all the affected vehicles, while involving only the minimum number of non‐affected vehicles. This strategy exploits time geography as a spatial and temporal filter, ensuring also that the information broadcasting timely terminates when the incident is over. Agent‐based traffic simulations show that, when a road is temporarily blocked due to an ephemeral incident, the proposed decentralized information management model achieves significant improvement in travel efficiency and automatically updates outdated incident information in time.
Clodronate inhibits alloimmunization against distinct red blood cell alloantigens in mice
Authors: Arthur Connie M. , Patel Seema R. , Sharma Asish , Zerra Patricia E. , Chonat Satheesh , Jajosky Ryan P. , Fasano Ross M. , Patel Ravi , Bennett Ashley , Zhou Xiaoxi , Luckey C. John , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Eisenbarth Stephanie C. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Roback John D. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Stowell Sean R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Alloimmunization can be a significant barrier to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. While alloantigen matching protocols hold promise in reducing alloantibody formation, transfusion‐dependent patients can still experience RBC alloimmunization and associated complications even when matching protocols are employed. As a result, complementary strategies capable of actively preventing alloantibody formation following alloantigen exposure are warranted.

Study Design and Methods

We examined whether pharmacological removal of macrophages using clodronate may provide an additional strategy to actively inhibit RBC alloimmunization using two preclinical models of RBC alloimmunization. To accomplish this, mice were treated with clodronate, followed by transfusion of RBCs expressing the HOD (HEL, OVA, and Duffy) or KEL antigens. On days 5 and 14 post transfusion, anti‐HOD or anti‐KEL IgM and IgG antibodies were evaluated.

Results

Low dose clodronate effectively eliminated key marginal zone macrophage populations from the marginal sinus. Prior treatment with clodronate, but not empty liposomes, also significantly inhibited IgM and IgG anti‐HOD alloantibody formation following transfusion of HOD RBCs. Similar exposure to clodronate inhibited IgM and IgG antibody formation following KEL RBC transfusion.

Conclusions

Clodronate can inhibit anti‐HOD and anti‐KEL antibody formation following RBC transfusion in preclinical models. These results suggest that clodronate may provide an alternative approach to actively inhibit or prevent the development of alloantibodies following RBC transfusion, although future studies will certainly be needed to fully explore this possibility.
Blood product availability in the Washington state trauma system
Authors: Ali Mohamed , Liu Zhinan , Taylor Mark , Orcutt Tim , Bledsoe Anthony , Phuong Jimmy , Stansbury Lynn G. , Arbabi Saman , Robinson Bryce R. H. , Bulger Eileen , Vavilala Monica S. , Hess John R.
Published: April 2022

Background

Early transfusion can prolong life in injured patients awaiting definitive hemorrhage control. We conducted a community resources assessment of blood product availability at hospitals within the Washington State (WA) Regional Trauma System, with the expectation that a minority of Level IV and V centers would have blood products routinely available for use in resuscitation.

Methods

We designed a questionnaire soliciting information on routinely available unit quantities of red blood cells (RBC), plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, and/or whole blood and submitted this questionnaire electronically to the 82 WA designated trauma centers (Levels I–V). Non‐responders were contacted directly by telephone. The study was conducted in September and October 2021. US 2020 census data were used to correlate results with local population densities.

Results

First‐round contact netted responses from 57 (70%) centers; the remaining centers provided information via telephone, for a 100% final response. Packed RBC were available in 79 of the 82 centers (96%; range 6–220 units); plasma, 62 centers (76%, range 1–100 units); platelets, 40 centers (49%, range 1–8 units); cryoprecipitate, 45 centers (55%, range 1–20 units). Whole blood was only available at the Level I center. Three Level V centers, located in 2 of the 8 WA state trauma regions, reported no routine blood availability. The two trauma regions affected represent 12% of the state's population and more than a third of its geographic area.

Conclusions

Within the WA regional trauma system, blood products are wide, if unevenly, available. Large urban/rural disparities in availability exist that should be explored.
High-Temperature Thermal Transport Properties of Multifunctional PTFE/PEEK-Matrix Composite With Short Carbon Fibers and Graphite Flakes
Authors: Santos Salvador Mendez , Qu Shuren , Wang Su Su
Published: April 2022

A combined experimental and theoretical investigation is conducted on elevated-temperature thermal transport properties of a multifunctional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) matrix composite containing short carbon fibers and graphite flakes. In experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and optical microscopy are used to determine morphologies and microstructure of neat PTFE and PEEK polymers, PTFE/PEEK blend, and individual PTFE and PEEK phases in the carbon fiber (CF)Gr/PTFE/PEEK composite. Microstructure parameters determined are used in subsequent analytical modeling and predictions. Effective heat capacity and thermal conductivities of the composite and its polymer matrix are determined by a modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) method with temperature up to 225 °C. The results show that thermal transport properties of the composite are significantly affected by temperature and polymer transitions. The carbon fibers and graphite in the composite improve its mechanical and tribological performance and also enhances heat conduction. Thermal diffusivity of the composite, however, is governed by the PTFE/PEEK matrix due to its high thermal capacity. In the theoretical/analytical study, thermodynamic considerations are made at both molecular and micromechanical levels. Theoretical models and micromechanics analyses are used to determine effective thermal transport properties of the composite. The results clarify the roles of individual constituents and temperature effects on the composite thermal transport. Thermal percolation predictions compare well with experimental data; they also reveal that 10% (by volume) graphite lubricant in the carbon fiber-reinforced PTFE/PEEK composite leads to formation of effective thermal conductive networks, which rapidly increases thermal percolation due to their high efficiency of thermal transport.
A Multiple Nodes Model for Journal Bearing Considering the Distributed Supporting Effect and the Shaft Deformation
Authors: Huang Xun , Xu Ge , Jiang Shuyun
Published: April 2022

Journal bearing reaction is usually represented by a set of forces and moments concentrated at a single point. This single point support model cannot be utilized to describe the behavior of fairly long bearing. This technical brief proposes a multiple nodes model for the long bearing considering the distributed characteristics of bearing reaction and the effect of shaft deformation. The static behaviors of a rotor-bearing case with the proposed multiple nodes model are compared with those of the other three typical models. The result shows that the proposed multiple nodes model is practical for the analysis of the rotor system with a fairly long bearing, and the distributed effect of bearing reaction should be considered when the ratio of bearing length to the half of rotor length exceeds 0.2.
Experimental Study of Frequency Control of LaSMP Laminated Beams
Authors: Li Huiyu , Wang Dan , Tzou Hornsen
Published: April 2022

Light-activated shape memory polymers (LaSMPs) exhibit stiffness variations when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) lights. Thus, LaSMP could manipulate structural frequencies with UV light exposures when laminated on structures. This study aims to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of LaSMP frequency control of a flexible beam. The natural frequency of a three-layered Euler–Bernoulli beam composed of LaSMP, adhesive tape, and the flexible beam is analyzed and its frequency formulation exhibits the LaSMP stiffness influence. Since the LaSMP adopted in this study is a new spiropyran-based composition—Sp3/EVA_4, a generic Young’s modulus model is proposed and then simplified to model this new LaSMP composition. To guarantee a homogenous light field, light intensities on the UV surface light source at different positions are tested. The temperature change of the LaSMP sample under UV exposures is also measured. The time constant and the threshold intensity of the reverse reaction are measured. LaSMP Young’s modulus variation is tested with a uniaxial tension experiment. The constitutive model of LaSMP’s Young’s modulus is validated by experimental data. With these preparations, the LaSMP laminated flexible beam model is exposed to UV lights and its natural frequencies are identified with data acquisition and analysis system. Then, natural frequency variations of 25%, 50%, 75%, to 100% exposure areas are also evaluated. The maximum natural frequency variation ratio achieves 9.7%; theoretical predictions and experimental data of LaSMP natural frequency control are compared very well.
Considerations in upconversion: A practical guide to sum-frequency generation spectrometer design and implementation
Authors: Doughty Benjamin , Lin Lu , Premadasa Uvinduni I. , Ma Ying-Zhong
Published: April 2022

In this tutorial review, we discuss how the choice of upconversion pulse shape in broadband vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectrometer design impacts the chemical or physical insights one can obtain from a set of measurements. A time-domain picture of a vibrational coherence being mapped by a second optical field is described and the implications of how this mapping, or upconversion process, takes place are given in the context of several popular and emerging approaches found in the literature. Emphasis is placed on broadband frequency-domain measurements, where the choice of upconversion pulse enhances or limits the information contained in the SFG spectrum. We conclude with an outline for a flexible approach to SFG upconversion using pulse-shaping methods and a simple guide to design and optimize the associated instrumentation.
High-Load Squat Training Improves Sprinting Performance in Junior Elite-Level Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Lohmann Lars H. , Warneke Konstantin , Schiemann Stephan , Faber Irene R.
Published: April 2022

Practical Question: Is high-load squat training beneficial in improving sprinting performance in junior elite-level soccer players? Clinical Bottom Line: There is Level 3 evidence to support the validity of high-load squat training as a measure to improve sprinting performance in junior male elite-level soccer players. All three studies included showed significant increases in soccer-related sprinting performance.
Robots will open more doors than they close
Authors: Lee Michael M.
Published: April 2022

To fully realize the potential of robots in society, we need to mature the debate on robotic labor.
Kinematic evolution of the central Andean retroarc thrust belt in northwestern Argentina and implications for coupling between shortening and crustal thickening
Authors: Henriquez Susana , DeCelles Peter G. , Carrapa Barbara , Hughes Amanda N.
Published: April 2022

The Andes are the culmination of shortening and crustal thickening that commenced during Late Cretaceous time. First-order questions regarding the tectonic evolution of the central Andes include the magnitude and timing of shortening, and controls on the along-strike variability in observed styles of shortening and deformation. Along-strike differences in the time of surface uplift have spawned two contrasting hypotheses: (1) uplift is related to dynamic and isostatic processes accompanying lithospheric removal and is decoupled in space and time from crustal thickening and shortening, and (2) uplift is directly coupled with shortening and crustal thickening. Although considerable work has been done in Bolivia to address these hypotheses, work in northern Argentina has not yet produced a transorogenic balanced structural cross section from which the total amount and kinematic history of shortening can be evaluated. To help understand the evolution of the thrust belt in northernmost Argentina, we present a regional, retrodeformable cross section at 23°–24°S across the Puna and Eastern Cordillera. New apatite fission-track thermochronological data integrated with other geochronological, sedimentological, and structural data constrain incremental retrodeformation of the cross section between ca. 45 and 6.5 Ma. Regional shortening was facilitated by at least 12 major thrust systems, linked to a regional mid-crustal décollement. Deformation generally propagated eastward through time and involved two major episodes of eastward advance of the orogenic front, separated by periods of internal out-of-sequence shortening and kinematic stagnation of the orogenic front. A new minimum estimate of ∼271 km of total shortening from the Cordillera de Domeyko to the eastern orogenic front explains crustal thickening at northern Puna latitudes. Together with previously published paleoaltimetry data, our new structural and thermochronologic data indicate that regional uplift in the northern Argentine Puna and Eastern Cordillera was synchronous with, and thus directly linked to, crustal shortening and thickening.
Pothole-like depressions in the chamber floor of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Canada
Authors: Chistyakova S.Yu. , Latypov R.M.
Published: April 2022

The magmatic stratigraphy of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (Canada) is thought to have resulted from closed-system differentiation of an initially homogeneous impact melt sheet. The topography of its upward-growing chamber floor is therefore thought to have been planar and subhorizontal. However, we report on the discovery of a large pothole-like depression (~300 m in depth and ~550 m in width) in the chamber floor of this complex. The depression has been revealed through two-dimensional mapping of igneous layering that is defined by systematic vertical changes in cumulus assemblages and bulk rock chemistry. Although the formation of the depression by syn- to post-magmatic folding and/or slumping of chamber floor cumulates cannot be completely excluded, we favor an alternative explanation that follows from the recent recognition that the Sudbury Igneous Complex melt sheet crystallized concurrently from the floor and roof inward. The roof sequence was subsequently disrupted and collapsed as large discrete blocks onto the floor sequence. This may have resulted in local irregularities in topography of the upward-growing chamber floor so that crystal deposition onto and between the neighboring blocks produced pothole-like depressions. The phenomenon of physical disruption of roof sequences appears to provide a reasonable explanation for the common lack of the rocks that grew from the roof downward in layered intrusions.
Supplemental Material: Mafic magma-driven magmatic processes and compositional variation in granitic pluton construction: The Buya intrusion of West Kunlun, Northwestern China
Authors: Wang C. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Item A: Methods and Figures S1 and S2. Item B: MCS output data and related illustrations. Table S1: LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotope data of zircon. Table S2: LA-MC-ICPMS Lu-Hf isotope data of zircon. Table S3: Major- and trace-element analytical data of the Buya pluton. Table S4: Major- and trace-element analytical data of the Buya pluton.  
Reduction of the electroweak correlation in the PDF updating by using the forward–backward asymmetry of Drell–Yan process
Authors: Yang Siqi , Fu Yao , Liu Minghui , Zhang Renyou , Hou Tie-Jiun , Wang Chen , Yin Hang , Han Liang , Yuan C.-P.
Published: April 2022

We propose a new observable for the measurement of the forward–backward asymmetry $$(A_{FB})$$

(

A

FB

)

in Drell–Yan lepton production. At hadron colliders, the $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

distribution is sensitive to both the electroweak (EW) fundamental parameter $$\sin ^{2} \theta _{W}$$

sin
2

θ
W

, the weak mixing angle, and the parton distribution functions (PDFs). Hence, the determination of $$\sin ^{2} \theta _{W}$$

sin
2

θ
W

and the updating of PDFs by directly using the same $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

spectrum are strongly correlated. This correlation would introduce large bias or uncertainty into both precise measurements of EW and PDF sectors. In this article, we show that the sensitivity of $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

on $$\sin ^{2} \theta _{W}$$

sin
2

θ
W

is dominated by its average value around the Z pole region, while the shape (or gradient) of the $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

spectrum is insensitive to $$\sin ^{2} \theta _{W}$$

sin
2

θ
W

and contains important information on the PDF modeling. Accordingly, a new observable related to the gradient of the spectrum is introduced, and demonstrated to be able to significantly reduce the potential bias on the determination of $$\sin ^{2} \theta _{W}$$

sin
2

θ
W

when updating the PDFs using the same $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

data.
Nonlinearities in shadowgraphy experiments on non-equilibrium fluctuations in polymer solutions
Authors: Zapf D. , Kantelhardt J. , Köhler W.
Published: April 2022

Giant thermal and solutal non-equilibrium fluctuations are observed in shadowgraphy experiments on liquid mixtures subjected to a temperature gradient. For large temperature differences, both the temperature and the composition dependence of the relevant thermophysical parameters and the nonlinear terms in the diffusion equation need to be taken into account, leading to a nonlinear concentration profile. For temperature differences exceeding the inverse of the Soret coefficient, in our example approximately 10 K, the usual data evaluation yields increasingly wrong diffusion and Soret coefficients that are off by almost a factor of two for a temperature difference of 50 K. A local model that treats the measured shadowgraph signal as a superposition of the contributions from every layer of the sample is able to capture the essential trend and yields a good agreement with experimental data. The results are important for the application of shadowgraphy as a tool for the measurement of Soret and diffusion coefficients, where large temperature gradients promise a good signal-to-noise ratio.

Graphical abstract
Linear instability of Sasaki Einstein and nearly parallel G2 manifolds
Authors: Semmelmann Uwe , Wang Changliang , Wang M. Y.-K.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study the stability problem for the Einstein metrics on Sasaki Einstein and on complete nearly parallel [Formula: see text] manifolds. In the Sasaki case we show linear instability if the second Betti number is positive. Similarly, we prove that nearly parallel [Formula: see text] manifolds with positive third Betti number are linearly unstable. Moreover, we prove linear instability for the Berger space [Formula: see text] which is a [Formula: see text]-dimensional homology sphere with a proper nearly parallel [Formula: see text] structure.
Region-Based Split Octonion Networks with Channel Attention Module for Tuna Classification
Authors: Jose Jisha Anu , Kumar C. Sathish , Sureshkumar S.
Published: April 2022

Tuna fish is a popular food because of its nutritional value and taste. Demand for various species of tuna increases over time, necessitating the development of a system to sort tuna fish into distinct species in export sectors in order to accelerate the process. The work proposes an automated tuna classification system based on split octonion network. The images are initially preprocessed and divided into region images. Each region image is applied to a split octonion network with eleven layers. In addition, a split octonion channel attention module is presented, which is fed to the last two convolutional layers. The features from the three octonion networks are fused and applied to a series of dense layers. In the last layer, a softmax classifier is utilized for final classification. Results show that the proposed region-based split octonion network with attention module gives an accuracy of 98.01% on tuna database. The region-based tuna classification model is fine-tuned for the categorization of six species from QUT-FishBase dataset and Fish-Pak dataset. The system shows accuracies of 97.83% and 98.17% on QUT-FishBase and Fish-Pak datasets, respectively. The proposed methodology is also compared with existing approaches using a variety of evaluation criteria.
Hidden and Self-Excited Collective Dynamics of a New Multistable Hyper-Jerk System with Unique Equilibrium
Authors: Vijayakumar M. D. , Natiq Hayder , Leutcho Gervais Dolvis , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Jafari Sajad , Hussain Iqtadar
Published: April 2022

Nonlinear dynamical systems with hidden attractors belong to a recent and hot area of research. Such systems can exist in different forms, such as without equilibrium or with a stable equilibrium point. This paper focuses on the dynamics of a new 4D chaotic hyper-jerk system with a unique equilibrium point. It is shown that the new hyper-jerk system effectively exhibits different hidden behaviors, which are hidden point attractor, hidden periodic attractor, and hidden chaotic state. Collective behaviors of the system are studied in terms of the equilibrium point, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, frequency spectra, and two-parameter Lyapunov exponents. Some remarkable and exciting properties are found in the new snap system, such as period-doubling transition, asymmetric bubbles, and coexisting bifurcations. Also, we demonstrate that it is possible to generate different varieties of two, three, four, or five coexisting hidden and self-excited attractors in the introduced model. In addition, the amplitude and offset of the hidden chaotic attractors are perfectly controlled for possible application in engineering. Furthermore, a circuit design has been implemented to support the physical feasibility of the proposed model.
The Variation of b-Value of Earthquakes During COVID-19 Lockdowns: Case Studies from the Cascadia Subduction Zone and New Zealand
Authors: Chatterjee Avigyan , Saxena Arushi , Aslam Khurram , Van Alstine Aaron , Zeb Mohammad Shahid
Published: April 2022

During the COVID-19 outbreak that took place in early 2020, restrictions on human activities were imposed by government-mandated lockdowns and stay-at-home orders. In this study, we analyse the impact of reduced anthropogenic activities on the detection of seismic events. We hypothesise and show that with reduced background noise levels due to the COVID-19 lockdowns, low-magnitude earthquakes are more easily detectable. We investigate the magnitudes of earthquakes recorded at the seismometers before and after COVID-19 lockdowns for two regions — Cascadia Subduction Zone and New Zealand. Gutenberg–Richter law, which gives a relationship between the number of earthquakes and their magnitudes (b-value), was applied in these two areas. Our results point to an increase in detection of smaller-magnitude earthquakes, as observed by an increased b-value during the COVID-19 period compared to those obtained in the pre-COVID time periods. Previous studies have shown that changes in b-value of an area over a sustained period of time affect the short-time probabilistic risk assessment. The variability of b-value also gives useful insights into the prevailing stress state of the region, crustal heterogeneity, pore pressure and tectonic setting of the area.
Social Media Use and the Spread of COVID-19-Related Fake News Among University Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Atikuzzaman Md.
Published: April 2022

Context: After its emergence in China in 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, this virus has got wide coverage in print and electronic media. Rumours and fake news have also begun to spread across online and offline media. Objectives: This study aimed to discuss how social media is being used to spread fake news during the COVID-19 pandemic and the reasons behind this. In addition, this paper examines the overall use of social media by university students and their role in sharing fake news on social media. Methodology: An online survey was used to collect data from students who had a minimum of one social media account. Facebook groups, messengers and emails were used for data collection and 264 responses were recorded. Findings: This study found that 92.8% of students received COVID-19-related news on social media, 61% experienced fake news in many cases. This is because most users of social media share news without checking its authenticity and reliability, and without checking facts against reliable sources. It was also found that most students were fairly confident in detecting fake news and checked the authenticity of the news before sharing it on social media. Originality/Value: This is the initial effort in Bangladesh to recognise the role of social media in propagating false news during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the sample size of this study was very small. Further studies with larger sample sizes may reveal a more evident understanding of this topic.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Soft Ferromagnetic Perovskite Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (La0.6Sr0.4MnO3)
Authors: Hanna Farid F. , Ibrahim Peter N. G. , Hannora Ahmed E.
Published: April 2022

Nanocrystalline La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 sample with perovskite structure was successfully prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. Mechanical treatment for 10 h followed by annealing at 1100 °C results in the formation of single perovskite lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO) phase with rhombohedral crystal structure and

R

3
¯

C

symmetry. The heat-treated sample crystallite size, calculated from X-ray diffraction pattern, was about 84 nm. The scanning electron microscope images indicated a high degree of fine structure. The formation of single perovskite phase was confirmed by FTIR measurements. The magnetic measurements showed the soft ferromagnetic behavior of the obtained sample. The saturation magnetization was found to be lower than that expected from theoretical calculation for perfect ferromagnetic ordering and lower than the saturation magnetization published for bulk sample. This was explained in the light of the core/shell model of manganite nanoparticles. The obtained sample was found to have a negative coefficient of magnetoresistance at room temperature of about (−3.5%) with the application of 25 kOe magnetic field.
Intrathecally administered substance P activated the spinal defecation center and enhanced colorectal motility in anesthetized rats
Authors: Naitou Kiyotada , Iwashita Honoka , Ueda Hiromi H. , Shiraishi Mitsuya , Fujimoto Yoshikazu , Horii Kazuhiro , Sawamura Tomoya , Shiina Takahiko , Shimizu Yasutake
Published: April 2022

We found that intrathecally administered substance P enhanced colorectal motility in anesthetized rats. Neurokinin (NK) 1 receptors, but not NK2 receptors, were detected in preganglionic neurons of the pelvic nerves. Blockade of NK1 receptors in the spinal cord attenuated the enhanced colorectal motility in response to intracolonic noxious stimuli. The findings indicate that substance P may function as a neurotransmitter in the spinal reflex pathway controlling defecation.
Endothelial HSP72 is not reduced in type 2 diabetes nor is it a key determinant of endothelial insulin sensitivity
Authors: Pettit-Mee Ryan J. , Power Gavin , Cabral-Amador Francisco J. , Ramirez-Perez Francisco I. , Soares Rogerio N. , Sharma Neekun , Liu Ying , Christou Demetra D. , Kanaley Jill A. , Martinez-Lemus Luis A. , Manrique-Acevedo Camila , Padilla Jaume
Published: April 2022

Impaired endothelial insulin signaling and consequent blunting of insulin-induced vasodilation is a feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that contributes to vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial insulin resistance remain poorly known. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin resistance in T2D is attributed to reduced expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). HSP72 is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that can be upregulated with heating and is reported to promote insulin sensitivity in metabolically active tissues, in part via inhibition of JNK activity. Accordingly, we further hypothesized that, in individuals with T2D, 7 days of passive heat treatment via hot water immersion to waist level would improve leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load (i.e., endogenous insulin stimulation) via induction of endothelial HSP72. In contrast, we found that: 1) endothelial insulin resistance in T2D mice and humans was not associated with reduced HSP72 in aortas and venous endothelial cells, respectively; 2) after passive heat treatment, improved leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load did not parallel with increased endothelial HSP72; and 3) downregulation of HSP72 (via small-interfering RNA) or upregulation of HSP72 (via heating) in cultured endothelial cells did not impair or enhance insulin signaling, respectively, nor was JNK activity altered. Collectively, these findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced HSP72 is a key driver of endothelial insulin resistance in T2D but provide novel evidence that lower-body heating may be an effective strategy for improving leg blood flow responses to glucose ingestion-induced hyperinsulinemia.
A CFL-Based Key Management Scheme for Routing-Driven Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Jiuru , Sun Chongran , Wang Haifeng , Zhao Bin , Gong Ping
Published: April 2022

This study is aimed at the authentication problem between the node’s public key and the node in the sensor network of the Internet of Things(IoT). As well as the sensor node key distribution needs to verify trusted nodes, resulting in a lot of storage and computational overhead problems. A routing-driven key management scheme for the IoT based on identification certificate authentication system is proposed. The scheme takes the identification key pair of the node as the verification key to verify the random key pair generated by the node to ensure that the whole process does not need the intervention of a trusted third party; random key pairs are generated by nodes independently to ensure that each sensor node has different keys. When a node is broken, it will not cause damage to other nodes. At the same time, the shared key is only established for adjacent sensor nodes that communicate with each other to ensure the security and lightweight storage overhead of the sensor nodes. The experimental analysis shows that the scheme can provide better security, can effectively reduce sensor nodes’ storage space and energy consumption, and has higher advantages in safety and performance.
Predicting Characteristics Associated with Breast Cancer Survival Using Multiple Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Haque Mohammad Nazmul , Tazin Tahia , Khan Mohammad Monirujjaman , Faisal Shahla , Ibraheem Sobhee Md. , Algethami Haneen , Almalki Faris A.
Published: April 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed female disorders globally. Numerous studies have been conducted to predict survival markers, although the majority of these analyses were conducted using simple statistical techniques. In lieu of that, this research employed machine learning approaches to develop models for identifying and visualizing relevant prognostic indications of breast cancer survival rates. A comprehensive hospital-based breast cancer dataset was collected from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER Program’s November 2017 update, which offers population-based cancer statistics. The dataset included female patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 with infiltrating duct and lobular carcinoma breast cancer (SEER primary cites recode NOS histology codes 8522/3). The dataset included nine predictor factors and one predictor variable that were linked to the patients’ survival status (alive or dead). To identify important prognostic markers associated with breast cancer survival rates, prediction models were constructed using

K

-nearest neighbor (K-NN), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), AdaBoost, logistic regression (LR), voting classifier, and support vector machine (SVM). All methods yielded close results in terms of model accuracy and calibration measures, with the lowest achieved from logistic regression (

accuracy
=
80.57
 
percent

) and the greatest acquired from the random forest (

accuracy
=
94.64
 
percent

). Notably, the multiple machine learning algorithms utilized in this research achieved high accuracy, suggesting that these approaches might be used as alternative prognostic tools in breast cancer survival studies, especially in the Asian area.
The Simulation of Aerobics Performance Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Zhao Chenzi
Published: April 2022

The competition aerobics training project is based on the continuous summarization of experience, and on the basis of maintaining the characteristics of its own project, it also actively draws on the structure of other types of skills, and it is developed on the basis of further enriching the new “health, strength, and beauty” characteristics of competition aerobics training. This paper studies and analyzes the simulation of aerobics performance based on virtual reality. This paper firstly gives the definition of virtual reality and then studies and analyzes the action simulation recognition algorithm. The calculation methods of human action recognition usually include two types, the behavior recognition algorithm corresponding to the template and the behavior recognition algorithm based on the state space. And this paper studies the number of formation changes and the speed of the fitness aerobics complete set of movements. This paper analyzes the number and space usage of the aerobics complete sets of formation changing venues and also studies the positioning and moving paths of the aerobics complete sets of movement players. The experimental results show that the use of a complete set of three-dimensional space basically meets the requirements. The use of three-dimensional space in group B is more abundant than that in group A, and the total number of five types of space transformations is more than 10. The three groups and the two types of space have more conversions to reflect the sense of hierarchy, making the complete set of movements more active, but the number of conversions should be increased.
Construction of a College Physical Education Teaching Model Using Multiple Intelligences Theory
Authors: Xie Ming , Xu Xiaoqin
Published: April 2022

In recent years, China has comprehensively carried out and implemented the “national fitness campaign.” Sports have been integrated into everyone’s daily life. As a place for cultivating talents, colleges and universities have also begun to reform the physical education teaching mode and cultivate a number of talents with strong competition ability, teaching ability, and adaptability to the society. With the deepening of the reform of physical education teaching mode in colleges and universities, some colleges and universities have introduced the theory of multiple intelligences. By analyzing the concept and content of the theory of multiple intelligences and comparing it with the traditional physical education teaching mode, it fully reflects the advantages of the theory of multiple intelligences in physical education teaching. This paper uses fuzzy mathematics and fuzzy set algorithm to build a teaching model based on the theory of multiple intelligences. Moreover, we study the innovative methods of college physical education teaching, take college physical basketball teaching as the research object, and analyze the students’ sports technology, students’ teaching practice ability, and students’ thinking ability based on the theory of multiple intelligences. Experimental outcomes show that the teaching method guided by the theory of multiple intelligences was designed for the intelligent characteristics of the students in the experimental group, and the teachers and students communicated with each other during the teaching period, which significantly improved the students’ thinking ability.
Study on Factors Affecting Estrus Synchronization in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kibre Dagmawit , Ashebir Gebregiorgis , Gebrekidan Berihu , Fesseha Haben
Published: April 2022

Background. Reproductive biotechnology, such as estrus synchronization, can quickly boost the genetics of local cattle breeds, shorten generational cycles, and spread genetic material within populations of breeding animals. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on 154 purposively selected smallholder dairy owners using a semistructured questionnaire to assess factors that influence the success of estrus synchronization in smallholder dairy farms located in Agula, Wukro, and Enderta districts, Northern Ethiopia. Results. The estrus synchronization programme was positively accepted by 39.6% of illiterate participants. However, the education level and marital status of the participants had no significant association (

p
>
0.05

) between the different study sites. On the other hand, approximately 10% of interviewees did not have awareness of dairy cattle estrus synchronization technology at the time of implementation, whereas 36 (23.4%) farmers who were aware of estrus synchronization gave negative feedback on the technology. Factors such as breed, management system, feed type, feeding, and watering frequency significantly varied (

p
<
0.05

) among the three study sites, whereas the breeding practice had no significant association (

p
>
0.05

) within these districts. The cause of failure during AI, awareness about synchronization, satisfaction with the AI, and estrus synchronization service have a significant variation (

p
<
0.05

) within the three districts. On the other hand, the cause of AI failure, awareness about AI programs, source of synchronization information, and AI programs had no significant association (

p
>
0.05

) with study sites. Anestrous (30.5%) and repeat breeders (38.9%) were among the causes of the low conception rate during the synchronization program. There were no significant variations in terms of AI program constraints in the three districts. Conclusion. AI technicians and farm owners need continuous training to improve their heat detection skills, increase their knowledge, and obtain a successful program.
Study on Road Performance and Electrothermal Performance of Poured Conductive Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yuanzhao , Lu Yu , Niu Xiangjie , Yang Xiao , Jin Lihui
Published: April 2022

In order to realize the active melting of ice and snow of poured asphalt concrete on steel bridge deck pavement in winter, graphite and carbon fiber were selected as conductive materials to prepare poured conductive asphalt concrete CGA-10. The influence of the content of conductive phase material on the electrical resistivity variation of poured conductive asphalt concrete was studied. The influence of conductive materials and their content on pavement performance of poured conductive asphalt concrete was analyzed. The heating effect of poured conductive asphalt concrete was studied. And the ice melting efficiency of poured conductive asphalt concrete was evaluated by indoor deicing test. Finally, the microstructure characteristics were analyzed by SEM. Experimental results showed: 0.4% carbon fiber +30% graphite can form a good conductive network in poured conductive asphalt concrete. Carbon fiber can make up for the adverse effect of graphite on the pavement performance of poured conductive asphalt concrete. Heating efficiency of 0.4% carbon fiber +30% graphite poured conductive asphalt concrete can reach 78.85%, and its ice melting efficiency can reach 50.03%. Graphite powder particles are tightly wrapped with asphalt mortar, which reduces the porosity and resistivity of asphalt mixture. On the one hand, carbon fiber makes up for the interruption of graphite particle conductive chain, on the other hand, it plays a reinforcing role.
Research on PKIM Energy Construction Engineering Software System Based on Building BIM Technology
Authors: Fu Ying
Published: April 2022

In order to study building BIM technology PKIM energy building engineering software system, firstly, the building collaborative platform based on BIM technology and PKPM professional software BIM technology application is constructed. Then, it introduces that PKPM connects all aspects of construction projects through the core 3D data model and takes the lead in realizing the BIM concept of information datalization, data modeling, and model generalization, thus realizing the full utilization of building model data in the whole life cycle. Finally, this paper introduces the seismic analysis method of structure based on BIM platform, taking a complex building with a transfer storey structure as an example. The experiment shows that the BIM model can be used to analyze and calculate the building performance, such as sunshine, energy consumption, daylighting, and evacuation of people, and complete the green building design. The BIM model can also generate professional construction drawings of buildings, structures, and equipment.