bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The granular monoclinal wave
Authors: Razis Dimitrios , Kanellopoulos Giorgos , van der Weele Ko
Published: March 2018

We study granular chute flow using the classic Saint-Venant approach, with the shear stresses within the granular sheet being incorporated via a friction law due to Pouliquen & Forterre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 453, 2002, pp. 113–151) and with the in-plane stresses (which are ignored in the traditional formulation for normal fluids) being represented by a viscous-like term recently derived by Gray & Edwards (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 755, 2014, pp. 503–534). On the basis of this model, we predict that the granular sheet is able to sustain monoclinal waves, i.e. travelling shock structures that monotonically connect a thick region of uniform flow to a thinner one. We examine the balance of forces that determine the shape of this particular waveform and give the precise window of system parameters for which monoclinal waves are expected to appear in experiments.
Nonlinear electrophoresis of a tightly fitting sphere in a cylindrical tube
Authors: Sherwood J. D. , Ghosal S.
Published: March 2018

We investigate electrophoresis of a tightly fitting sphere of radius $R-h_{0}$ on the axis of a circular tube of radius $R$, using lubrication theory and ideas due to Schnitzer & Yariv (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26, 2014, 122002). The electrical charge clouds on both the cylindrical wall and the surface of the sphere are assumed thin compared to the gap between the sphere and cylinder, so that charge clouds do not overlap and ion exclusion effects are minimal. Nevertheless, non-uniform pumping of counter-ions within the charge clouds leads to a change in the ionic concentration outside the charge clouds in the narrow gap between sphere and cylinder. The electro-osmotic slip velocities at the two surfaces are modified, leading to a decrease in the electrophoretic velocity of the sphere at low Péclet numbers and an increase in the velocity at high Péclet numbers. When the field strength $E_{0}$ is low, it is known that the electrophoretic velocity $U_{0}$ is proportional to $E_{0}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c})$ which is zero when the zeta potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}$ on the sphere surface is equal to the zeta potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c}$ on the cylinder. The perturbation to the above low field strength electrophoretic velocity (at high Péclet number) is predicted to be proportional to $E_{0}^{3}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{s}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}_{c})^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{s}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{c})$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{s}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{c}$ are the surface charge densities on the sphere and cylinder. The choice of materials with similar or identical zeta potentials (and surface charge densities) for the cylinder and sphere should therefore facilitate the observation of velocities nonlinear in the field strength $E_{0}$, since the reference linear electrophoretic velocity will be small.
Exact simulation of multidimensional reflected Brownian motion
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Murthy Karthyek
Published: March 2018

We present the first exact simulation method for multidimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM). Exact simulation in this setting is challenging because of the presence of correlated local-time-like terms in the definition of RBM. We apply recently developed so-called ε-strong simulation techniques (also known as tolerance-enforced simulation) which allow us to provide a piecewise linear approximation to RBM with ε (deterministic) error in uniform norm. A novel conditional acceptance–rejection step is then used to eliminate the error. In particular, we condition on a suitably designed information structure so that a feasible proposal distribution can be applied.
Uniformly efficient simulation for extremes of Gaussian random fields
Authors: Li Xiaoou , Xu Gongjun
Published: March 2018

In this paper we consider the problem of simultaneously estimating rare-event probabilities for a class of Gaussian random fields. A conventional rare-event simulation method is usually tailored to a specific rare event and consequently would lose estimation efficiency for different events of interest, which often results in additional computational cost in such simultaneous estimation problems. To overcome this issue, we propose a uniformly efficient estimator for a general family of Hölder continuous Gaussian random fields. We establish the asymptotic and uniform efficiency of the proposed method and also conduct simulation studies to illustrate its effectiveness.
Inhomogeneous random graphs, isolated vertices, and Poisson approximation
Authors: Penrose Mathew D.
Published: March 2018

Consider a graph on randomly scattered points in an arbitrary space, with any two pointsx,yconnected with probability ϕ(x,y). Suppose the number of points is large but the mean number of isolated points isO(1). We give general criteria for the latter to be approximately Poisson distributed. More generally, we consider the number of vertices of fixed degree, the number of components of fixed order, and the number of edges. We use a general result on Poisson approximation by Stein's method for a set of points selected from a Poisson point process. This method also gives a good Poisson approximation for U-statistics of a Poisson process.
THE HARDY AND HEISENBERG INEQUALITIES IN MORREY SPACES
Authors: GUNAWAN HENDRA , HAKIM DENNY IVANAL , NAKAI EIICHI , SAWANO YOSHIHIRO
Published: March 2018

We use the Morrey norm estimate for the imaginary power of the Laplacian to prove an interpolation inequality for the fractional power of the Laplacian on Morrey spaces. We then prove a Hardy-type inequality and use it together with the interpolation inequality to obtain a Heisenberg-type inequality in Morrey spaces.
A VARIATION ON THE THEME OF NICOMACHUS
Authors: LUCA FLORIAN , POLANCO GEREMÍAS , ZUDILIN WADIM
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we prove some conjectures of K. Stolarsky concerning the first and third moments of the Beatty sequences with the golden section and its square.
LEE MONOIDS ARE NONFINITELY BASED WHILE THE SETS OF THEIR ISOTERMS ARE FINITELY BASED
Authors: SAPIR OLGA
Published: March 2018

We establish a new sufficient condition under which a monoid is nonfinitely based and apply this condition to Lee monoids $L_{\ell }^{1}$, obtained by adjoining an identity element to the semigroup generated by two idempotents $a$ and $b$ with the relation $0=abab\cdots \,$ (length $\ell$). We show that every monoid $M$ which generates a variety containing $L_{5}^{1}$ and is contained in the variety generated by $L_{\ell }^{1}$ for some $\ell \geq 5$ is nonfinitely based. We establish this result by analysing $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-terms for $M$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is a certain nontrivial congruence on the free semigroup. We also show that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is the trivial congruence on the free semigroup and $\ell \leq 5$, then the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$-terms (isoterms) for $L_{\ell }^{1}$ carry no information about the nonfinite basis property of $L_{\ell }^{1}$.
A SIMPLE PROOF OF THE STRONG LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS WITH RATES
Authors: LUZIA NUNO
Published: March 2018

We give a simple proof of the strong law of large numbers with rates, assuming only finite variance. This note also serves as an elementary introduction to the theory of large deviations, assuming only finite variance, even when the random variables are not necessarily independent.
IMPROVING AN INEQUALITY FOR THE DIVISOR FUNCTION
Authors: LAY JEFFREY P. S.
Published: March 2018

Using elementary means, we improve an explicit bound on the divisor function due to Friedlander and Iwaniec [Opera de Cribro, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2010]. Consequently, we modestly improve a result regarding a sieving inequality for Gaussian sequences.
Central European Historyat Fifty: Notes from a Longtime Fan
Authors: Jarausch Konrad H.
Published: March 2018

In the mid-1960s, a small delegation of graduate students went to Theodore S. Hamerow's office at the University of Wisconsin—Madison. Noting that theJournal of Central European Affairshad ceased publication in 1964, James Harris, Stanley Zucker, and I asked our advisor why there was no academic journal dedicated to German history, a new field that had been developing rapidly. What could we do to create such an organ? The otherwise placid Hamerow wrinkled his brow and angrily asked who had put us up to this initiative! When we answered that this was just our idea, he relaxed and told us that he was the chair of a committee charged by the Conference Group for Central European History with doing just that, namely, founding such a new journal. Douglas A. Unfug of Emory University had already put in a bid, in fact, andCentral European Historystarted to appear in 1968. By using a variation of the previous name, the journal hoped to pick up prior subscribers and avoid being identified by its title with the erstwhile enemy—Germany.
Authoritarianism in Modern Germany History
Authors: Meng Michael
Published: March 2018

Why study the history of modern German-speaking Central Europe? If pressed to answer this question fifty years ago, a Germanist would likely have said something to the effect that one studies modern German history to trace the “German” origins of Nazism, with the broader aim of understanding authoritarianism. While the problem of authoritarianism clearly remains relevant to this day, the nation-state-centered approach to understanding it has waned, especially in light of the recent shift toward transnational and global history. The following essay focuses on the issue of authoritarianism, asking whether the study of German history is still relevant to authoritarianism. It begins with a review of two conventional approaches to understanding authoritarianism in modern German history, and then thinks about it in a different way through G. W. F. Hegel in an effort to demonstrate the vibrancy of German intellectual history for exploring significant and global issues such as authoritarianism.
Cultural History: Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going
Authors: Applegate Celia , Potter Pamela
Published: March 2018

The very meaning of “culture” has gone through so many transformations over the last sixty years that it is necessary to take stock of developments in this field of cultural history before suggesting—with an eye to the promises and perils of earlier practices—what new possibilities might exist for the future of the field. The post-1945 period witnessed a powerful impulse to understand culture as something more pervasive than just literature and the arts—and as something more socially and politically reverberant than the shibboleth of “art for art's sake.” In 1957, at the very beginning of the modern practice of cultural history, Richard Hoggart'sThe Uses of Literacyfound the high and low hierarchies embedded in it. It focused on working-class culture (e.g., glossy magazines, films, “penny dreadfuls”), and on how reading was changing under the impact of mass media. By 1976, Raymond Williams needed to draw attention to the complexity of the wordculture, so extended had its purview become over the previous two decades. Linda Nochlin asked why they were no great women artists, and T. J. Clark, using a Marxist framework, sought to understand aesthetic modernism by interrogating the historic circumstances that had led to the breakdown of the academic system.The New Cultural History, edited by Lynn Hunt, came out in 1989. Its “models” for cultural history were the work of Michel Foucault, Clifford Geertz, Natalie Zemon Davis, E. P. Thompson, Hayden White, and Dominick LaCapra, and its “new approaches” came from Mary Ryan, Roger Chartier, Thomas Laqueur, and Randolph Starn. These scholars were legislators of discourse and narrative, of popular and working-class culture, of gender, epistemes, and thick description. With many other tendencies, often defined by their focus on theoretical explication and elaboration, these approaches had the effect of deterring scholars from reengaging with the traditional interests—even theraison d'etre—of cultural history, namely, art, architecture, theater, dance, music, and literature. This turning-away also affected the very composition of humanities and interpretive social science departments, which added many new subjects of study but, inevitably perhaps, let others wither away.
How Did Germany Go Right?
Authors: Maier Charles S.
Published: March 2018

To set a single agenda for German history would be a foolhardy task, but let us begin with a major generalization about the long-term development of the field. Two mega-issues have dominated the historiography and debates for a century or more, standing on the path of historical research like some huge boulders that can not be moved or even circumvented. The first concerns how the German communities of Central Europe had constructed a nation-state—Tantae molis erat Germanam condere gentem, to adapt Vergil. There was a Prussian-centered statist answer by scholars including Leopold von Ranke, Heinrich von Treitschke, and Friedrich Meinecke, and continuing through Christopher Clark'sIron Kingdom. A more decentered approach has, by contrast, stressed local experiences; liberal and participatory currents of a political or religious (often Roman Catholic in sympathy, e.g., the work of Franz Schnabel) or cultural nature; and, finally, the heritage of a federalist constitutionalism, whether instantiated in the Holy Roman Empire or in the later celebratory afterglow ofHeimat. The second mega-issue that dominated the historiography for the first generation—perhaps half-century—after World War II and the collapse of Nazism was one that I was asked about at my undergraduate oral examinations in the spring of 1960: Where did Germany go wrong? The catastrophic career of National Socialist Germany, both internally and for Europe in general, compelled my generation and later ones never to lose sight of that issue. Even those who rejected claims about long-term disabling flaws in the emergence of liberal democracy—the political original sin, so to speak—had to address that fundamental issue.
GenderingCentral European History: Changing Representations of Women and Gender in Comparison, 1968–2017
Authors: Hagemann Karen , Harsch Donna
Published: March 2018

A jubilee is the perfect time for a critical stocktaking, and this essay uses the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary ofCentral European History(CEH), the leading American journal of the history of “German-speaking Central Europe,” to explore the changing representations of women and gender in this journal since its founding in 1968. The declared aim ofCEHwas, according to the founding editor, Douglas A. Unfug, to become a “broadly rather than narrowly defined” journal that covers “all periods from the Middle Ages to the present” and includes, next to “traditional approaches to history,” innovative and “experimental methodological approaches.” As Kenneth F. Ledford, the thirdCEHeditor (after Unfug and Kenneth D. Barkin), wrote in 2005, the journal should simultaneously reflect and drive “the intellectual direction(s) of its eponymous field.”
Self-Enforcing Power Sharing in Weak States
Authors: Roessler Philip , Ohls David
Published: March 2018

Power sharing, in which elites from rival societal groups agree to share control of the central government, is a key source of domestic peace, enabling states to escape devastating cycles of exclusion and civil war. Yet the conditions giving rise to inclusive governance are not well understood. In contrast to existing scholarship that emphasizes the importance of external third-party mediation or strong formal institutions, we point to the structural roots of power sharing in which political inclusion stems from the distribution of societal power and the balance of threat capabilities it produces. Only when both the ruling group and a given rival group possess strong mobilizational capabilities, such that each could credibly threaten to recapture state power if excluded from the central government, does self-enforcing power sharing emerge. A strong rival induces the ruler to commit to power sharing and to reluctantly accept coup risk over civil war risk. The ruling group's own threat capabilities, in turn, constrain rivals from trying to convert their share of power into absolute power. Supported by extensive quantitative and qualitative evidence with particular reference to weak states in sub-Saharan Africa, we shed light on the conditions under which the distribution of violence within a state underwrites a peaceful and productive equilibrium. In doing so, we rethink how scholars approach the study of civil war. Rather than conceiving of it in terms of effective resistance, we model civil war as a contest for state power shaped by groups’ capabilities to project force in the capital.
Why Music Educators Really Understand Skills
Authors: FAUTLEY MARTIN
Published: March 2018

The issue of knowledge and skills as competing factors in education has been considered in BJME editorials previously, notably 30(2) and 33(2) (Fautley & Murphy, 2013, 2016). This is a matter which not only affects the English system specifically, however, as there are strains of it being felt in many jurisdictions throughout the world. It is worth revisiting in this editorial because of a number of elements of the ways in which conceptualisations of this dichotomy are influencing what is enacted in policy. This is having an impact at both the macro and micro levels in and between schools and education systems (Schmidt, 2017).
BIOLOGICAL FLUID MECHANICS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: A TRIBUTE TO JOHN BLAKE
Authors: SMITH DAVID J.
Published: March 2018

John Blake (1947–2016) was a leader in fluid mechanics, his two principal areas of expertise being biological fluid mechanics on microscopic scales and bubble dynamics. He produced leading research and mentored others in both Australia, his home country, and the UK, his adopted home. This article reviews John Blake’s contributions in biological fluid mechanics, as well as gives the author’s personal viewpoint as one of the many graduate students and researchers who benefitted from his supervision, guidance and inspiration. The key topics from biological mechanics discussed are: “squirmer” models of protozoa, the method of images in Stokes flow and the “blakelet” solution, discrete cilia modelling via slender body theory, physiological flows in respiration and reproduction, blinking stokeslets in microorganism feeding, human sperm motility and embryonic nodal cilia.
Yield potential of upland rice varieties under reproductive-stage drought and optimal water regimes in Nigeria
Authors: Anyaoha C. O. , Fofana M. , Gracen V. E. , Tongoona P. B. , Blay E. T. , Semon M. , Popoola B.
Published: March 2018

The goal of most rice improvement programs is the enhancement of farmers’ yield using less land and limited water. This study evaluated 77 upland rice genotypes under optimal upland growing conditions in the field and ranked the genotypes using base indices. Subsequently, eighteen cultivars selected from the field trial were screened under drought in rainout-shelter conditions. The traits evaluated for index selection were yield, days to flowering, plant height, number of panicles and filled grains. Under field conditions, based on the sum of economic weight assigned to five traits used to compute the selection index, IR 68704-145-1-1-B and IR 63380-16 were the best genotypes. In the rainout-shelter experiment, Ofada 2 (508 gm−2) had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions while ITA 117 (152.38 gm−2) had the highest grain yield under drought stress. The base index was efficient for selecting superior genotypes with the best combination for all the traits considered. Susceptibility to drought stress of the landraces leads to poor grain yield.
Addressing misperceptions ofGoverning the Commons
Authors: SARKER ASHUTOSH , BLOMQUIST WILLIAM
Published: March 2018

Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Elinor Ostrom's authoritative bookGoverning the Commons, published in 1990, and almost every other text she has published on the subject of the commons, strongly criticized Garrett Hardin's much-cited 1968Sciencearticle “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Hardin's “tragedy” refers metaphorically to the eventual destruction of a commons as a result of collective overuse. Hardin claimed that statist solutions and privatization provisions are the only two policy means for addressing the tragedy. Ostrom explored user self-governance as a third alternative to avert the tragedy. Ostrom's exploration and her critical stance, however, have caused the misperception of her work as anti-Hardin, anti-tragedy, or more specifically, anti-statist and anti-privatization. This paper argues that despite Ostrom's clear criticism of Hardin's claim and her regard for user self-governance or community-based management, her work was not anti-statist or anti-privatization.
Ottoman Legacies of the State: An Introduction
Authors: Endelman Jonathan
Published: March 2018

This collection of papers, from very different vantage points, makes the argument that the Ottoman Empire bequeathed significant legacies to the notion and practices of modern political governance in the Middle East. The three essays address the impact Ottoman policies had on territories that had once been part of the empire, focusing most closely on the development of state institutions, nationalism, and the position of the caliphate. By exploring these key issues, the authors hope to call attention to the importance of the Ottoman experience in laying the groundwork for future political life in the region.
CdS-Based photocatalysts
Authors: Cheng Lei , Xiang Quanjun , Liao Yulong , Zhang Huaiwu
Published: March 2018

The review summarizes the recent progress in the synthesis, fundamental properties, morphology, photocatalytic applications and challenges of CdS-based photocatalysts.
A vacancy-driven phase transition in MoX2 (X: S, Se and Te) nanoscrolls
Authors: Hwang Da Young , Choi Kyoung Hwan , Suh Dong Hack
Published: March 2018

Atomically thin MoX2 (MoS2, MoSe2 and MoTe2) exhibits semiconducting, metallic, and semi-metallic properties associated with different polymorphic phases such as 2H, 1T and distorted 1T (1T′), respectively.
Robust ferroelectricity in two-dimensional SbN and BiP
Authors: Liu Chang , Wan Wenhui , Ma Jie , Guo Wei , Yao Yugui
Published: March 2018

We discovered two types of monolayer ferroelectric materials, one of them has the highest spontaneous polarization among 2D ferroelectric materials.
Broadband ion mobility deconvolution for rapid analysis of complex mixtures
Authors: Pettit Michael E. , Brantley Matthew R. , Donnarumma Fabrizio , Murray Kermit K. , Solouki Touradj
Published: March 2018

Broadband IM-MS deconvolution allows generation of IM and MS data for species that are UPLC-IM-MS unresolved.
Conjugated polyelectrolytes with a label-free aptamer for specific protein photoinactivation
Authors: Fang Wei , Liu Shuwen , Tan Chunyan , Li Anqi , Tan Ying , Jiang Yuyang
Published: March 2018

A novel and convenient chromophore-assisted light inactivation strategy is developed for specific and efficient protein inactivation based on conjugated polyelectrolytes and a label-free aptamer.
Expression of concern: Synthesis of a monodisperse well-defined core–shell magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer prior to LC-MS/MS for fast and sensitive determination of mycotoxin residues in rice
Authors: Hughes Philippa
Published: March 2018

Expression of concern for ‘Synthesis of a monodisperse well-defined core–shell magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer prior to LC-MS/MS for fast and sensitive determination of mycotoxin residues in rice’ by Mi-Cong Jin et al., Anal. Methods, 2017, 9, 5281–5292.
Double uranium oxo cations derived from uranyl by borane or silane reduction
Authors: Cowie Bradley E. , Nichol Gary S. , Love Jason B. , Arnold Polly L.
Published: March 2018

A new type of double uranium oxo cation [O–U–O–U–O]4+ is prepared by selective oxygen-atom abstraction from macrocyclic uranyl complexes using either boranes or silanes.
Encapsulation of ionic nanoparticles produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive microgel useful for molecular detection
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Yu-Min , Sedano Sabrina , Jiang Qiaoshi , Duan Yaokai , Shen Wen , Jiang Jian-Hui , Zhong Wenwan
Published: March 2018

Encapsulation of ionic nanoparticles produces the ROS-responsive microgel, which releases the enclosed cations to turn on the fluorogenic dye in the presence of ROS.
Bundle formation of supramolecular fibers of amphiphilic diarylethene by depletion force
Authors: Sakaguchi Akira , Higashiguchi Kenji , Matsuda Kenji
Published: March 2018

Supramolecular nanofibers composed of the closed-ring isomer of a diarylethene formed bundles in a methylcellulose aqueous solution and showed a photoinduced shrinking of more than 100 μm under visible light irradiation.
Correction: Highly photoluminescent copper carbene complexes based on prompt rather than delayed fluorescence
Authors: Romanov Alexander S. , Di Dawei , Yang Le , Fernandez-Cestau Julio , Becker Ciaran R. , James Charlotte E. , Zhu Bonan , Linnolahti Mikko , Credgington Dan , Bochmann Manfred
Published: March 2018

Correction for ‘Highly photoluminescent copper carbene complexes based on prompt rather than delayed fluorescence’ by Alexander S. Romanov et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 6379–6382.
Molecular tectonics: control of crystalline sequences
Authors: Adolf Cyril R. R. , Ferlay Sylvie , Hosseini Mir Wais
Published: March 2018

Isostructural and almost isometric crystals that differ in their colour may be welded in solution and under mild conditions into crystalline materials with imposed sequences.
Bias-dependent transport properties of passivated tilted black phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Subhan Fazle , Farooq M. Umar , Hong Jisang
Published: March 2018

To explore the transport properties of the passivated TPNRs, using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) technique under the DFT code.
Synthesis, properties, and formation mechanism of Mn-doped Zn2SiO4nanowires and associated heterostructures
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Moronta Dominic , Li Luyao , Yue Shiyu , Wong Stanislaus S.
Published: March 2018

Charge transfer and energy transfer phenomena were observed and analyzed in heterostructure systems composed of CdSe QDs immobilized onto Mn-doped Zn2SiO4nanowire host materials.
Site-selective reversible Diels–Alder reaction between a biphenylene-based polyarene and a semiconductor surface
Authors: Godlewski Szymon , Engelund Mads , Peña Diego , Zuzak Rafał , Kawai Hiroyo , Kolmer Marek , Caeiro Jorge , Guitián Enrique , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Sánchez-Portal Daniel , Szymonski Marek , Pérez Dolores
Published: March 2018

A multidisciplinary study reveals the chemistry of a polycyclic conjugated molecule on a Ge(001):H surface.
Hittorf's violet phosphorene as a promising candidate for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications: first-principles characterization
Authors: Lu Yi-Lin , Dong Shengjie , Zhou Wei , Dai Shuhua , Zhou Baozeng , Zhao Hui , Wu Ping
Published: March 2018

Utilizing density functional theory, we investigate the structural stabilities, electronic structures, and optical properties of monolayer violet phosphorene,i.e., Hittorfene, under an external vertical electric field and upon in-layer biaxial strain control.
DFT studies on the distinct mechanisms of C–H activation and oxidation reactions mediated by mononuclear- and binuclear-palladium
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Zhang Lei , Li Shi-Jun , Fang De-Cai
Published: March 2018

A series of density functional theory calculations have been carried out to investigate the detailed mechanisms of C–H activation and oxidation reactions, and further to disclose the distinct effects of mononuclear- and binuclear-palladium on these reaction pathways.
Sustainable direct current powering a triboelectric nanogenerator via a novel asymmetrical design
Authors: Ryu Hanjun , Lee Jeong Hwan , Khan Usman , Kwak Sung Soo , Hinchet Ronan , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: March 2018

Multi-phase rotation-type triboelectric nanogenerators generate an almost constant direct current output, which overcomes the typical limitation of triboelectric nanogenerators.
High thermoelectric performance in Bi0.46Sb1.54Te3 nanostructured with ZnTe
Authors: Deng Rigui , Su Xianli , Hao Shiqiang , Zheng Zheng , Zhang Min , Xie Hongyao , Liu Wei , Yan Yonggao , Wolverton Chris , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Tang Xinfeng
Published: March 2018

High performance BiSbTe alloy and modules with a conversion efficiency of 5% are achieved through integrating Zn induced defect complexity with nanostructuring.
Very fast crystallisation of MFe2O4 spinel ferrites (M = Co, Mn, Ni, Zn) under low temperature hydrothermal conditions: a time-resolved structural investigation
Authors: Dolcet Paolo , Diodati Stefano , Zorzi Federico , Voepel Pascal , Seitz Christoph , Smarsly Bernd M. , Mascotto Simone , Nestola Fabrizio , Gross Silvia
Published: March 2018

A low temperature hydrothermal route to produce catalytic transition metal ferrite nanoparticles in a clean and very fast way.
Surfactant-assisted algal flocculationviaaggregation-induced emission with an ultralow critical micelle concentration
Authors: Zhong Jinpan , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao
Published: March 2018

Algal flocculation was induced by an aggregation-induced emission surfactant with an ultralow critical micelle concentration.
An improved method of Cr purification for high precision measurement of Cr isotopes by double spike MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Zhu Jian-Ming , Wu Guangliang , Wang Xiangli , Han Guilin , Zhang Lixin
Published: March 2018

A flexible, easy and highly efficient Cr purification method was developed for high-precision measurement of Cr isotopes by double-spike MC-ICP-MS.
Electrically controlled mass transport into microfluidic droplets from nanodroplet carriers with application in controlled nanoparticle flow synthesis
Authors: Gu Tonghan , Zheng Cao , He Fan , Zhang Yunfei , Khan Saif A. , Hatton T. Alan
Published: March 2018

Infuse chemical into microdroplets from nanodroplet carriers with rates and dosages controlled by electrical fields, and applications in nanoparticle synthesis.
Exploring the alternatives of biological nitrogen fixation
Authors: Mus Florence , Alleman Alexander B. , Pence Natasha , Seefeldt Lance C. , Peters John W.
Published: March 2018

Most biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) results from the activity of the molybdenum nitrogenase (Mo-nitrogenase, Nif), an oxygen-sensitive metalloenzyme complex found in all known diazotrophs.
Nanostructuring of a one-dimensional zinc antimonate electrode material through a precipitation strategy for use in supercapacitors
Authors: Balasubramaniam M. , Balakumar S.
Published: March 2018

The electrochemical properties of ZnSb2O6 nanorods consisting of two types of heterovalent metal cations, Zn2+ and Sb5+, have been investigated.
Oral administration of rutile and anatase TiO2nanoparticles shifts mouse gut microbiota structure
Authors: Li Juan , Yang Shengmei , Lei Runhong , Gu Weihong , Qin Yanxia , Ma Sihan , Chen Kui , Chang Yanan , Bai Xue , Xia Shibo , Wu Chongming , Xing Gengmei
Published: March 2018

Chronic overconsumption of TiO2NPs-containing foods, such as gum, candy and puddings, is likely to deteriorate the gastrointestinal tract and change the structures of microbiota.
Synergetic enhancement of the electronic/ionic conductivity of a Li-ion battery by fabrication of a carbon-coated nanoporous SnOxSb alloy anode
Authors: Fan Wei , Liu Xizheng , Wang Zhifeng , Fei Pengyang , Zhang Ruie , Wang Yahui , Qin Chunling , Zhao Weimin , Ding Yi
Published: March 2018

Carbon coated nanoporous SnOxSb@C alloy has been fabricated and applied as anode in LIBs. It delivers a high capacity of 850 mA h g−1 and high-rate performance by synergetic enhanced electronic/ionic conductivity.
A universal strategy for the one-pot synthesis of SERS tags
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Huiqiao , Rong Pengfei , Zhou Wen , Gao Xiaohu , Liu Dingbin
Published: March 2018

We report a simple, rapid, and robust methodology for the one-pot preparation of SERS tags.
O-Substituted hydroxyl amine reagents: an overview of recent synthetic advances
Authors: Sabir Shekh , Kumar Ganesh , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: March 2018

Reagents derived from oxygen-substituted hydroxylamine facilitate stereo- and regioselective C–N, N–N, O–N, and S–N bond-formation reactions and intra-molecular cyclizations without any expensive metal catalysts. These remarkable transformations are discussed in this review.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed CF3-carbenoid C–H functionalization of 6-arylpurines
Authors: Vorobyeva Daria V. , Vinogradov Mikhail M. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Loginov Dmitry A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: March 2018

An expedient route to access a new family of fluorine-containing purine derivatives via chelation-controlled rhodium(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid C–H functionalization has been developed.
In situ synthesis and photocatalytic mechanism of a cyano bridged Cu(i) polymer
Authors: Li Shixiong , Wei Chaohai , Hu Yun , Wu Haizhen , Li Fusheng
Published: March 2018

A one-dimensional copper(i) nanorod polymer [Cu(L)2·(CN)]n (1) (L = 4(3H)-quinazolone), was formed in situ by C–C bond cleavage of acetonitrile.
In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of CuO–NiO/CeO2–ZrO2 oxides: redox characterization and its effect in catalytic performance for partial oxidation of methane
Authors: Toscani Lucía M. , Zimicz M. Genoveva , Martins Tereza S. , Lamas Diego G. , Larrondo Susana A.
Published: March 2018

In situ X-Ray Absorption (XAS) experiments in reducing atmospheres (H2 and CH4 : O2) uncovered Ce, Ni and Cu redox interplay during catalytic experiments.
Mesopore-dominant nitrogen-doped carbon with a large defect degree and high conductivity via inherent hydroxyapatite-induced self-activation for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Sheng Chengmin , Cai Tailong , Jin Chunde , Sun Qingfeng , Wang Chao
Published: March 2018

A hydroxyapatite-induced self-activation method has been used to prepare nitrogen-doped mesopore-dominant carbon. The carbon has abundant macro/mesopores, high conductivity, and favorable defects and exhibited high-performance in LIBs.
Energetic insights into two electron transfer pathways in light-driven energy-converting enzymes
Authors: Kawashima Keisuke , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

We reportEmvalues of (bacterio-)chlorophylls for one-electron reduction in both electron-transfer branches of PbRC, PSI, and PSII.
Self-templating synthesis of double-wall shelled vanadium oxide hollow microspheres for high-performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yaping , Nie Zhiwei , Pan Anqiang , Zhang Yifang , Kong Xiangzhong , Zhu Ting , Liang Shuquan , Cao Guozhong
Published: March 2018

Multiple double-wall shelled V2O5 microspheres were synthesized by annealing solid vanadium-based precursors in air and exhibit improved electrochemical performance.
Designing solution chemistries for the low-temperature synthesis of sulfide-based solid electrolytes
Authors: Lim Hee-Dae , Yue Xiujun , Xing Xing , Petrova Victoria , Gonzalez Matthew , Liu Haodong , Liu Ping
Published: March 2018

A new solution-based synthesis method to produce a high quality Li2S–P2S5 solid electrolyte was developed by using a strong nucleophile of LiC2H5.
Incorporation of Cu(ii) and its selective reduction to Cu(i) within confined spaces: efficient active sites for CO adsorption
Authors: Li Yu-Xia , Li Shuai-Shuai , Xue Ding-Ming , Liu Xiao-Qin , Jin Meng-Meng , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: March 2018

A two-step double-solvent strategy was first used to incorporate Cu(i) sites into MIL-101(Cr), which obviously improves the CO adsorption performance.
The long non-coding RNA SNHG5 regulates gefitinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells by targetting miR-377/CASP1 axis
Authors: Wang ZheXing , Pan LiMing , Yu HaiXiang , Wang Yue
Published: March 2018

Gefitinib resistance is one of the major obstacles for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nucleolar RNA host gene 5SNHG5 on gefitinib resistance in LAD and explore the underlying mechanisms. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that SNHG5 expression was significantly down-regulated in LAD patients with acquired gefitinib resistance and gefitinib resistant LAD cell lines. SNHG5 overexpression sensitized gefitinib resistant LAD cells to gefitinib treatment, while knockdown of SNHG5 rendered gefitinib sensitive LAD cells to gefitinib treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that SNHG5 exerted its function through interaction with miR-377, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter assay in 293T cells. Overexpression of SNHG5 suppressed the expression of miR-377, while the knockdown of SNHG5 increased the miR-377 expression. MiR-377 expression was significantly up-regulated in LAD specimens with acquired gefitinib resistance and was negatively correlated with SNHG5 expression. In addition, CASP1 was predicted as a downstream target of miR-377. Overexpression of miR-377 suppressed the expression of CASP1 in PC9 cells and knockdown of miR-377 increased the CASP1 expression in PC9GR cells. In vitro functional assay showed that knockdown of CASP1 in SNHG5-overexpressed PC9GR cells abolished their gefitinib resistance. Overall, the present study demonstrated, for the first time, that the SNHG5/miR-377/CASP1 axis functions as an important role in LAD cells gefitinib resistance and potentially contributes to the improvement of LAD diagnosis and therapy.
Automated Language Environment Analysis: A Research Synthesis
Authors: Greenwood Charles R. , Schnitz Alana G. , Irvin Dwight , Tsai Shu Fe , Carta Judith J.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

The Language Environment Analysis (LENA®) represents a breakthrough in automatic speech detection because it makes one's language environment, what adults and children actually hear and say, efficiently measurable. The purpose of this article was to examine (a) current dimensions of LENA research, (b) LENA's sensitivity to differences in populations and language environments, and (c) what has been achieved in closing the Word Gap.

Method

From electronic and human searches, 83 peer-reviewed articles using LENA were identified, and 53 met inclusionary criteria and were included in a systematic literature review. Each article reported results of 1 study.

Results

Originally developed to make natural language research more efficient and feasible, systematic review identified a broad landscape of relevant LENA findings focused primarily on the environments and communications of young children but also older adults and teachers. LENA's automated speech indicators (adult input, adult–child interaction, and child production) and the audio environment were shown to meet high validity standards, including accuracy, sensitivity to individual differences, and differences in populations, settings, contexts within settings, speakers, and languages. Researchers' own analyses of LENA audio recordings have extended our knowledge of microlevel processes in adult–child interaction. To date, intervention research using LENA has consisted of small pilot experiments, primarily on the effects of brief parent education plus quantitative linguistic feedback to parents.

Conclusion

Evidence showed that automated analysis has made a place in the repertoire of language research and practice. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Comparison of vibration energy harvesters with fixed and unfixed magnetic springs
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhu Zhipeng , Zhu Shiqiang
Published: March 2018

Electromagnetic energy harvesting is an effective approach to absorb vibration energy and supply electrical power to small‐scale electronic devices. Magnetic spring mechanism is usually utilised in energy harvesters due to its high reliability. The conventional magnetic spring consists of two fixed magnets on the two sides of a levitated magnet. To obtain better performance, this Letter proposes an electromagnetic energy harvester where the top magnet of the magnetic spring is unfixed in comparison with the fixed type. Prototypes with the two different configurations are fabricated and an experimental setup is developed to implement comparative investigation. The results show that the power generation capability and the frequency range of the energy harvester are significantly improved by using the unfixed magnetic spring.
Eigensubspace method for space–time adaptive processing in the presence of non‐i.i.d. clutter and array errors
Authors: Liu Aifei , Baker Christopher J. , Teh Kah Chan , Sun Hongbo , Gao Caicai
Published: March 2018

This study examines space–time adaptive processing in the presence of non‐independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) clutter and array errors. The authors propose a clutter rank estimation method by exploring the spatial–temporal steering vectors of clutter. The proposed method is independent of clutter statistics and direction‐independent array errors. They prove that when the proposed clutter rank estimation is used, the estimate of the clutter subspace is asymptotically independent of clutter statistics. This enables an eigensubspace method to acquire the asymptotic independence on clutter statistics. In addition, they prove that the eigensubspace method can suppress the clutter regardless of direction‐independent array errors. They also suggest a geometrical non‐homogeneity detector for the eigensubspace method. Simulation and experimental results with multi‐channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) data confirm that the eigensubspace method can suppress non‐i.i.d. clutter such as discrete clutter as well as correlated clutter regardless of array gain‐phase errors. The ability to suppress clutter regardless of clutter statistics and direction‐independent array errors makes the eigensubspace method unique and feasible to the practical scenario when clutter is non‐i.i.d. and the direction‐independent array errors are present.
Analysis of dual‐gate high electron mobility transistor using an unconditionally stable time domain method
Authors: Gholami Mayani Mahdieh , Asadi Shahrooz
Published: March 2018

A dual‐gate aluminium gallium arsenide (GaAs)/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor is analysed based on the distributed modelling approach, wherein the transistor is considered as an active multi‐conductor transmission line. Discretisation of the governing matrix Telegrapher's equation is carried out using the implicit Crank–Nicolson‐finite‐difference time‐domain (CN‐FDTD) method. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with the results of the conventional leap‐frog (LF) FDTD scheme. It is observed that the unconditionally stable CN method is in good agreement with the LF method even by increasing the time step size by the factor of 5000, leading to a dramatic decrease in the central processing unit time.
MHDSTS: a new explicit numerical scheme for simulations of partially ionised solar plasma
Authors: González-Morales P. A. , Khomenko E. , Downes T. P. , de Vicente A.
Published: March 2018

The interaction of plasma with magnetic field in the partially ionised solar atmosphere is frequently modelled via a single-fluid approximation, which is valid for the case of a strongly coupled collisional media, such as solar photosphere and low chromosphere. Under the single-fluid formalism the main non-ideal effects are described by a series of extra terms in the generalised induction equation and in the energy conservation equation. These effects are: Ohmic diffusion, ambipolar diffusion, the Hall effect, and the Biermann battery effect. From the point of view of the numerical solution of the single-fluid equations, when ambipolar diffusion or Hall effects dominate can introduce severe restrictions on the integration time step and can compromise the stability of the numerical scheme. In this paper we introduce two numerical schemes to overcome those limitations. The first of them is known as super time-stepping (STS) and it is designed to overcome the limitations imposed when the ambipolar diffusion term is dominant. The second scheme is called the Hall diffusion scheme (HDS) and it is used when the Hall term becomes dominant. These two numerical techniques can be used together by applying Strang operator splitting. This paper describes the implementation of the STS and HDS schemes in the single-fluid codeMANCHA3D. The validation for each of these schemes is provided by comparing the analytical solution with the numerical one for a suite of numerical tests.
New disk discovered with VLT/SPHERE around the M star GSC 07396−00759
Authors: Sissa E. , Olofsson J. , Vigan A. , Augereau J. C. , D’Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Gratton R. , Langlois M. , Rigliaco E. , Boccaletti A. , Kral Q. , Lazzoni C. , Mesa D. , Messina S. , Sezestre E. , Thébault P. , Zurlo A. , Bhowmik T. , Bonnefoy M. , Chauvin G. , Feldt M. , Hagelberg J. , Lagrange A.-M. , Janson M. , Maire A.-L. , Ménard F. , Schlieder J. , Schmidt T. , Szulágyi J. , Stadler E. , Maurel D. , Delboulbé A. , Feautrier P. , Ramos J. , Rigal F.
Published: March 2018

Debris disks are usually detected through the infrared excess over the photospheric level of their host star. The most favorable stars for disk detection are those with spectral types between A and K, while the statistics for debris disks detected around low-mass M-type stars is very low, either because they are rare or because they are more difficult to detect. Terrestrial planets, on the other hand, may be common around M-type stars. Here, we report on the discovery of an extended (likely) debris disk around the M-dwarf GSC 07396−00759. The star is a wide companion of the close accreting binary V4046 Sgr. The system probably is a member of the β Pictoris Moving Group. We resolve the disk in scattered light, exploiting high-contrast, high-resolution imagery with the two near-infrared subsystems of the VLT/SPHERE instrument, operating in the Y J bands and the H2H3 doublet. The disk is clearly detected up to 1.5′′ (~110 au) from the star and appears as a ring, with an inclination i ~ 83°, and a peak density position at ~70 au. The spatial extension of the disk suggests that the dust dynamics is affected by a strong stellar wind, showing similarities with the AU Mic system that has also been resolved with SPHERE. The images show faint asymmetric structures at the widest separation in the northwest side. We also set an upper limit for the presence of giant planets to 2 MJ. Finally, we note that the 2 resolved disks around M-type stars of 30 such stars observed with SPHERE are viewed close to edge-on, suggesting that a significant population of debris disks around M dwarfs could remain undetected because of an unfavorable orientation.
Contribution à l’élaboration d’un test syllabique adaptatif
pour la mesure rapide du SRT dans le bruit chez l’implanté cochléaire
Authors: Lebigre Juliette
Published: March 2018

La compréhension dans le bruit fait l’objet d’attentes importantes chez les implantés cochléaires et il semble de première nécessité de
pouvoir évaluer leurs performances en la matière.

Pourtant, l’audiométrie vocale dans le bruit n’est que très peu mise en pratique par les régleurs d’implants, avec comme principaux
freins à son utilisation, la durée trop importante des tests et la fatigue qui en découle.

Un test syllabique adaptatif a donc été élaboré, permettant une mesure rapide du SRT (Speech Reception Threshold) dans le bruit chez
les implantés cochléaires.

Ce test a été développé en trois temps : une première phase de sélection du matériel vocal, puis la défi nition d’une procédure de
passation adaptative pour la liste vocale ainsi constituée et enfi n la validation de la procédure et notamment de sa reproductibilité.
Les résultats ont révélé qu’en seulement 3 min 17 s, notre test syllabique adaptatif permettait une mesure fi able et reproductible du SRT
dans le bruit chez l’implanté cochléaire.