bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL MEMODERASI PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Arianti Shinta , Anwar Muhadjir
Published: April 2022

Nilai perusahaan adalah hal yang sangat penting, karena mencerminkan kinerja perusahaan yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap persepsi investor kepada perusahaan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui, menguji, dan membuktikan secara empiris dari (1) pengaruh keputusan investasi terhadap nilai perusahaan, (2) pengaruh keputusan pendanaan terhadap nilai perusahaan, (3) pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial dalam memoderasi hubungan keputusan investasi terhadap nilai perusahaan, (4) pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial dalam memoderasi hubungan keputusan pendanaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan populasi perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018 berjumlah 166 perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan teknik sampling, yaitu metose purposive sampling sehingga sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 48 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi moderasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) keputusan investasi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, (2) keputusan pendanaan berpengaruh non signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, (3) kepemilikan manajerial memoderasi hubungan keputusan investasi terhadap nilaiperusahaan, (4) kepemilikan manajerial tidak mampu memoderasi hubungan keputusan pendanaan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING, SUASANA KAFE, DAN KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MOKKA COFFEE ENDE
Authors: Dua Mea Maria Helena Carolinda , Laga Yulius
Published: April 2022

This study aims to measure the Effect of Relationship Marketing, Café Atmosphere, and Visitor Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty in Mokka Coffee Ende with a total sample of 50 people determined based on the condition of customers who have visited or by the Accidental Sampling method. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the validity and reliability, the amount of outer loading and the value of VIF. Also, bootsraping data is performed to see the effect on the path coefficient analysis and the R-square value. The dependent variable in this study is customer loyalty, while the independent variable consists of relationship marketing, cafe atmosphere and visitor satisfaction. The results of data analysis showed that hypothesis testing conducted on customer loyalty did not have too large influence on relationship marketing variables, the atmosphere of the cafe, and visitor satisfaction. Its influence was only 41 percent while 59 percent was influenced by other variables not examined. The effect of each variable, including relationship marketing variables was by 54.3 percent on customer loyalty. The atmosphere of the cafe had an influence of 37.1 percent. While visitor satisfaction had a negative influence of 13.9 percent on customer loyalty at Mokka Coffee.
FACTORS AFFECTING ONLINE PURCHASE INTENTION
Authors: Panjaitan Erwin Darmo , Wirawan Aldi , Phaing Camelia Nanie Sriyati , Arief Mas , Irvansyah Taufan
Published: April 2022

Pemasaran merupakan kegiatan yang harus dilakukan oleh perusahaan dalam mempertahankan keberlangsungan bisnisnya. Banyak strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan dalam memasarkan produknya agar dapat dikenali dan diyakini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumennya. Dalam menentukan strategi pemasaran tentunya perusahaan harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu faktor apa yang paling mempengaruhi dalam keputusan pembelian konsumen. Ketika perusahaan sudah mengetahui faktor yang paling mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian maka hal tersebut akan memudahkan perusahaan untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian online khususnya yang terjadi pada e-commerce di Indonesia. Penelitian ini fokus pada tujuh faktor pengaruh pembelian yaitu kepercayaan, kompetensi bisnis, referensi grup, persepsi risiko, kemudahan dan kenyamanan, kesadaran kontrol perilaku dan promosi. Data diperoleh dari 274 responden dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling melalui kuesioner yang didistribusikan melalui media sosial dengan menggunakan Google Form. Data hasil kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor yang mempengaruhi sesuai dengan urutan yang paling mempengaruhi adalah promosi, kompetensi bisnis, kemudahan dan kenyamanan, referensi kelompok, dan kepercayaan.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD), DANA ALOKASI UMUM (DAU), DAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS (DAK) TERHADAP BELANJA LANGSUNG (Studi Kasus Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur Periode 2016-2018)
Authors: Widajantie Tituk Dyah
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis, menguji, dan membuktikan pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah, dana alokasi umum, dan dana alokasi khusus terhadap belanja langsung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Laporan Pertanggungjawaban APBD Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun Anggaran 2016-2018 yang terdiri dari 29 Kabupaten dan 9 Kotayang berjumlah 114 laporan pertanggungjawaban. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode sampel jenuh. Hipotesis diuji dengan metode analisis regresi linear berganda yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji outlier, uji normalitas, dan uji asumsi klasik menggunakan SPSS 24. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pendapatan asli daerah dan dana alokasi umum berpengaruh terhadap belanja langsung sedangkan variabel dana alokasi khusus tidak berpengaruh terhadap belanja langsung.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS DI BAGIAN PENGECORAN PT. APIE INDO KARUNIA DENGAN METODE OBJECTIVE MATRIX
Authors: Handayani Wiwik , Susilowati Nanik
Published: April 2022

Kegiatan produksi perusahaan adalah memperoleh keuntungan dengan memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Dalam memperoleh keuntungan yang maksimal, perusahaan perlu melakukan efisiensi untuk mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada dengan meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat produktivitas, mengevaluasi dan menentukan usulan perbaikan produktivitas pada bagian pengecoran PT Apie Indo Karunia. Objective Matrix adalah suatu sistem pengukuran produktivitas parsial untuk memantau produktivitas di setiap bagian perusahaan sesuai dengan tingkat kepentingan elemen tersebut, yang kemudian dilakukan evaluasi menggunakan diagram fishbone. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terjadi fluktuasi produktivitas di bagian pengecoran PT Apie Indo Karunia dengan nilai produktivitas tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Juli 2018 dan nilai produktivitas terendah terjadi pada bulan Juni 2018. Evaluasi dengan diagram fishbone menunjukkan penurunan produktivitas disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu tenaga kerja, metode, mesin dan lingkungan, dengan diperoleh 10 usulan perbaikan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya penurunan produktivitas.
PERAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI DALAM KEDISIPLINAN UNTUK MENGHADAPI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Dirana Fawwaz Syafril , Balgies Soffy , Putri Jala Senastri , Thanaka Naufal Abiyyi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian yang berjudul peran budaya organisasi dalam kedisiplinan untuk menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 berisi tentang kajian budaya organisasi dan pengaruhnya dalam revolusi industri 4.0. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari kajian studi pustaka. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa revolusi industri tidak hanya terfokus pada bidang bidang teknologi saja, karena pada dasarnya manusia dalam menjalankan suatu organisasi selalu menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan budaya. Dengan demikian selalu ada interaksi antara budaya dan organisasi. Budaya organisasi sebagai pemberi identitas organisasi menunjukkan ciri khas yang membedakan organisasi ini dengan organisasi lain yang mempunyai sifat khas yang berbeda.
wie konnte es so weit kommen? Täterschaft im Unterricht zum Thema "Holocaust"
Authors: Sommer Häller Barbara
Published: April 2022

While discussing the nazi regime’s crimes in the class room, for quite some time the emphasis is with the victims perspective. The students, however, are almost without exception intrigued with the question why, in the first place, a crime as horrific as the holocaust has been possible. It is obvious that the victim-focussed approach is illsuited to answer this specific question. In order to do so, it is thus required to take a look at the perpetrators perspective. The present article tries to outline how this might be achieved.
Les premiers survivants du judéocide dans le documentaire français : témoignages ou mises en scène cathartiques?
Authors: Graff Séverine
Published: April 2022

Le Temps du ghetto (Frédéric Rossif) and Chronique d’un été (Jean Rouch and Edgar Morin), both released in 1961, are the first French documentary films featuring Jewish survivors recounting their persecutions during World War 2 in front of a camera. The appearance of Shoah survivors in cinema is commonly assessed as a consequence of the 1961 Eichmann trial. This article aims to take a different stance, highlighting the mise-en-scène of these two particular films, which invite a survivor to symbolically relive his traumatic past in front of the film crew and showing that this cathartic process is used similarly twenty years later in selected sequences of Claude Lanzmann’s Shoah.
"Nuit et brouillard" – Die erinnerungskulturelle Gedächtnismaschine. Ein Blick auf Alain Resnais' Meisterwerk
Authors: Dischl Jonas
Published: April 2022

he documentary film Nuit et brouillard of the year 1955 is a masterpiece. Ten years after the end of World War II, Alain Resnais (1922‒2014) created a striking documentary about the NS regime’s policy of extermination. The movie had a lasting impact on the visual commemorative culture of the Shoa. Numerous iconographic illustrations of the Shoa are based on this documentary. Hence, later documentaries and motion pictures borrowed heavily from the imagery of Nuit et brouillard. This paper focuses on the history of reception of Nuit et brouillard and outlines one possible application for history lessons at secondary levels I and II.
L’influence de l’expérience professionnelle sur l’enseignement par concepts en histoire : une réflexion théorique
Authors: Duquette Catherine , Bouvier Félix , Portelance Lilianne , Martineau Stéphane , Malo Annie , Mékamurera Joséphine
Published: April 2022

The History and Citizenship Education curriculum (HEC) currently in place in the province of Quebec requires teachers to teach the discipline using a concept-based approach. How do teachers adapt their teaching to this particular demand? Is there a significant difference between how experienced teachers incorporate concept-based learning to their usual teaching and how novice teachers deal with the same demands. To our knowledge, no study has examined, to this day, the influence of teaching experience on the integration of a concept-based approach in History class. In this article, we discuss the theoretical foundations on which this question is based and propose an illustration of the influence of experience on the implementation of a concepts-based approach in the particular context of the province of Québec.
La Mission de Paix de l’ONU dans le monde est-elle devenue, depuis 2010, une Question socialement vive (QSV) dans les classes d’histoire scolaires en Côte d’Ivoire ?
Authors: Kissiédou Kacou Vincent
Published: April 2022

Controversial issues (CI) on UN’s actions are progressively being integrated into common practices in history teaching in Côte d'Ivoire. This article, dealing with CI in current history in Côte d’Ivoire, intends to understand how this kind of knowledge is tackled in teaching situations in Côte d'Ivoire. A questionnaire on teachers's opinions and teaching strategies was used. The data were treated using a framework defining CI teaching objectives and a typology of didactic strategies. The results reveal that teachers have difficulties in their attempt to teach this kind of knowledge. However, the stakes for students in a democratic society under construction are well visible.
La nation chez les enseignants d'histoire québécois
Authors: Lanoix Alexandre
Published: April 2022

History education is a topic much discussed in western societies. This paper presents a research conducted during a vivid debate which took off after the renewal of the History and citizenship education curriculum in Quebec. It presents some broad ideas that help us understand where teachers stand when it comes to the place of the nation in the teaching of history.
Avaliação do conhecimento dos juízes do tribunal de São Paulo sobre a fisioterapia na perícia: um estudo transversal
Authors: Campos Miriane Graziele de Souza , Prota Cristina
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Com a revolução industrial, ocorreram diversas mudanças nos processos de produção, alterando totalmente a forma de trabalho, gerando acidentes de trabalho mais frequentes e maiores doenças devido às condições de trabalho precárias. A fisioterapia na saúde do trabalhador surge inicialmente para prevenir agravos à saúde do trabalhador. Objetivos: Analisar o conhecimento dos juízes no que se refere a atuação do fisioterapeuta perito. Métodos: Este estudo é caracterizado como transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário online, criado pelo Google Forms. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 10 juízes em exercício, cadastrados no Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo e que concordaram em participar do estudo. Foram excluídos juízes que não estivessem atuando na área e que não tivessem disponível um meio de contato. Resultados: Diante da análise do questionário foi possível identificar que os juízes possuem dificuldades em diferenciar a perícia médica da perícia fisioterapêutica. Além disso, demonstraram pouco conhecimento acerca das atribuições do fisioterapeuta perito. Conclusão: A prática da fisioterapia forense ainda é um campo em expansão e que necessita de maiores estudos, pois a literatura sobre o tema é escassa.
Polifonías docentes. Educación Sexual Integral en el nivel primario bonaerense, ¿ausencias, resistencias o invisibilidades?
Authors: Linare Cecilia , Bruschetti Lucas , Casi Daniela
Published: April 2022

Este artículo, desde los estudios de género y feministas, realiza un primer análisis exploratorio sobre la Ley nacional N°26.150 de Educación Sexual Integral en el nivel primario de la región educativa N°1 de la jurisdicción bonaerense. Se utiliza, para ello, la encuesta anónima y virtual a docentes del nivel como herramienta metodológica ¿Para qué y cómo se enseña la ESI? ¿Cómo se incluyen los Lineamientos Curriculares de la ESI elaborados para el nivel en las planificaciones de las docentes? ¿Cómo se articulan tales contenidos con aquellos que prescriben los Diseños Curriculares en cada año y área y en cada Jurisdicción? ¿Cuáles son las representaciones y sentidos que imprimen las docentes sobre estos temas y su enseñanza? ¿Qué dificultades enfrentan?
Analysis of the Technical Level of Modern Agricultural Tractors of Traction Class 4
Authors:   VIM, Starostin I.A. , Davydova S.A. ,   VIM, Eshchin A.V. ,   VIM, Goltyapin V.Ya. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: April 2022

Specifications of current agricultural tractors of traction class 4 are analyzed, their distinctive features and main development trends are identified.
Efficient Use of Collapsible Irrigation Pipelines
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Ulyukina E.A. , Prokhorov A.A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Golubev I.G. ,   Rosinformagrotekh
Published: April 2022

The designs of a collapsible pipeline for mobile irrigation systems are considered. The adv antages and disadvantages of pipelines made of various materials are analyzed. Several new technical solutions have been proposed - a movable pipe connection, a quick-detachable movable pipe connection, a device for dismantling collapsible pipelines, a linear element of a collapsible pipeline, which make it possible to increase the efficiency of pipelines for irrigation networks.
La Nefrologia incontra il Nursing e la Medicina Narrativa: una ricerca di triangolazione. Un nuovo approccio alla malattia
Authors: Raugei Lapo , Lombardi Marco
Published: April 2022

Introduction: In the late 20th Century, Kleinman and Good created Narrative Medicine (NM). In the following years, this method made its way in healthcare, reaching the peak in 2009 when R. Charon set up the first academic course of Narrative Medicine. Nevertheless, NM is still not well known and used. The main goal of this survey is attempting to understand the emotions felt by the patient while telling his/her own illness’ experience and then understand whether this approach improves therapy.
Methods: The survey is developed through a methodological triangulation research consisting of a qualitative part, where 24 stories selected from the first two editions of “Quirino Maggiore” National Competition were analysed through the Van Kaam method, and a quantitative research, performed through a questionnaire submitted to patients suffering from chronic kidney disease thanks to the National Association of Hemodialysis Patients (ANED) and to Onlus Santa Maria Annunziata, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence. We received responses from 219 patients between 24 September 2021 and 18 October 2021.
Results: The qualitative research identified 94 expressions grouped in 10 labels in which the most representative themes come to light. Through the questionnaire we can see that most people are not familiar with Nursing and Narrative Medicine, but that they consider the relationship between patients and healthcare workers very important.
Conclusions: Although it’s impossible to generalize the results, we can understand that Nursing and Narrative Medicine should be more integrated into the care pathway. Furthermore, healthcare workers should be trained in a suitable way.
Measuring harvest residue accumulations at New Zealand’s steepland log-making sites
Authors: Harvey Campbell
Published: April 2022

Background: When harvesting plantation forests of Pinus radiata (D.Don) in New Zealand, large residue piles commonly accumulate on or adjacent to processing sites. While the merchantable volume that is transported to market is carefully measured, little is known of the quantity of the piled, residual material. A working knowledge of residues is becoming more important as it is not only a potentially merchantable product for the bioenergy market, but when stored in perpetuity it can present a risk of self-ignition, and specifically on steep slopes, it presents a mobilisation risk if not stored correctly.
Methods: The area, bulk volume and depth of residue piles at 16 recently harvested steepland sites were measured from a wide geographic spread across New Zealand. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery was used to build georeferenced photogrammetric models of residue piles (94 per cent of the studied volume). Pile area was determined from interpreting boundaries from orthophotos and volumes determined by interpolating the obscured terrain surfaces on duplicate photogrammetric models. The remaining 6 per cent of pile volume was measured with handheld GPS tracking of the perimeters and on-site estimation of average pile depth.
Results: For a mean harvest area of 18.9 ha, there was a mean of 2.4 piles per harvest site, 2600 m3 bulk volume and 2900 m2 of area covered. For every hectare harvested, a bulk volume of 170 m3 is piled at the landing, or alternatively, 0.23 m3 of bulk pile volume per tonne harvested. The manual terrain interpolation methodology was tested against collecting georeferenced pre-harvest terrain surfaces, yielding an average difference of 19% across two sites and six residue piles.
Conclusions: This research demonstrates the ability to investigate the bulk volume and site coverage of landing residue piles with equipment and software tools available to today’s forester. Mean values for pile area and volume are presented to reflect the current state of knowledge and can be a reference point for future initiatives.
Persistent dominance of non-indigenous species in the inner part of a marina highlighted by multi-year photographic monitoring
Authors: Rondeau S , Davoult D , Lejeusne C , Kenworthy JM , Bohner O , Loisel S , Gauff RPM
Published: April 2022

As a result of urbanization, coastal environments are being disturbed by various anthropogenic pressures. These are concentrated in harbor areas where the addition of artificial structures and the presence of pollutants seems to favor the settlement of non-indigenous species. Most studies on these organisms are often carried out in a single time window without integrating temporal variability. Here, we analyzed multi-year photographic data of marina communities taken from 3 experiments conducted between 2016 and 2019 in the same marina. These photographs were of recruitment plates placed at the inner, middle and entrance locations of the marina, permitting us to discern the community differences and the distribution of non-indigenous taxa between these 3 locations. Over the entire study period, the communities that grew at the entrance and the inner locations of the marina were always different. Non-indigenous taxa also appeared to be more prevalent in the inner location of the marina. Our results suggest that the presence of different environmental filters between the entrance and the inner location could explain these observations. We suggest this could be due to a pollution gradient, with high pollution at the inner location of the marina, and to competitive pressure exerted by the tunicate Ciona intestinalis at the marina entrance.
Swimming behaviors during diel vertical migration in veined squid Loligo forbesii
Authors: Cones SF , Zhang D , Shorter KA , Katija K , Mann DA , Jensen FH , Fontes J , Afonso P , Mooney TA
Published: April 2022

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a vital behavior for many pelagic marine fauna. Locomotory tactics that animals use during DVM define the metabolic costs of migrations and influence the risk of detection and capture by predators, yet, for squids, there is little understanding of the fine-scale movements and potential variability during these migrations. Vertical migratory behaviors of 5 veined squid Loligo forbesii were investigated with biologging tags (ITags) off the Azores Islands (central North Atlantic). Diel movements ranged from 400 to 5 m and were aligned with sunset and sunrise. During ascent periods, 2 squid exhibited cyclic climb-and-glide movements using primarily jet propulsion, while 3 squid ascended more continuously and at a lower vertical speed using mostly a finning gait. Descents for all 5 squid were consistently more rapid and direct. While all squid swam in both arms-first and mantle-first directions during DVM, mantle-first swimming was more common during upward movements, particularly at vertical speeds greater than 25 cm s-1. The in situ variability of animal posture, swim direction, and gait use revealed behavioral flexibility interpreted as energy conservation, prey capture, and predator avoidance.
Jami’s Rhetoric of Old Age and Aging inSalaman va Absal
Authors: Fayyaz Parwana
Published: April 2022

Between the years 1480 and 1484 AD, Jami wrote a long and extraordinary narrative poem, the masnavī of Salaman va Absal. At the time of its completion, Jami was about seventy years old. In this article, I discuss the significance of the poet’s age at the time he wrote this poem, while also examining the Sufi–Neoplatonic interpretations of old age embedded in the poem itself. I argue that Jami uses old age as a rhetorical device, and aging as an induction into a new mode of thinking. This allows the poet to emancipate himself from the poem’s aesthetics and its aesthetic constraints, to focus instead on its metaphysical purpose and potential. In so doing, the poet elevates his poetry to the status of a kind of perfection, which involves transforming the poetic form. Only then does Jami complete his treatise on the unity of oneness (as opposed to duality) from the perspective of an elderly poet. The unusual, passionate love between Salaman and Absal is presented as a Sufi–Neoplatonic interpretation of transcendence and sublimation. Using an interdisciplinary research methodology, this article examines these ideas through a close reading and analysis of the three chapters of the poem in which Jami draws particular attention to images of old age and aging. With this article, I hope to demonstrate the importance of old age studies within Persianate Studies more broadly. This shift in focus prompts a re-evaluation of the late works of classical and medieval Persian poets and their discussions of creativity, imagination, and memory in old age.
The Effects of the NBA COVID Bubble on the NBA Playoffs: A Case Study for Home-Court Advantage
Authors: Price Michael , Yan Jun
Published: April 2022

The 2020 NBA playoffs were played inside of a bubble at Disney World because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This meant that there were no fans in attendance, games were played on neutral courts and no traveling for teams. In theory, these conditions should remove home-court advantage from the games. This setting generated discussion and concern, as analysts and fans debated the possible effects it may have on the outcome of games. Home-court advantage has historically played an influential role in NBA playoff series outcomes. The 2020 playoffs provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of the bubble and home-court advantage by comparing the 2020 season with the seasons in the past. While many factors contribute to the outcome of games, points scored is the deciding factor of who wins. Thus, scoring is the primary focus of this study. The specific measures of interest are team scoring totals and team shooting percentage on two-pointers, three-pointers, and free throws. Comparing these measures for home teams and away teams in 2020 vs. 2017-2019 shows that the 2020 playoffs favored away teams more than usual, particularly with two-point shooting and total scoring. KEYWORDS: NBA; NBA Covid; NBA Bubble; Homecourt Advantage
ANALYSIS OF TEACHERS’ BELIEF IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Kaniadewi Nita
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed at revealing teachers' beliefs about teaching English at the elementary school level, especially the beliefs concerned with (1) whether or not teaching English at the elementary level was necessary and (2) the possibility of using a monolingual approach (full English) in teaching English at the elementary level. This study used a qualitative method in which the researcher interviewed 40 English teachers who taught at elementary schools in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi). The results of this study showed that in general, there was a need to teach English starting from the first grade of elementary level. Respondents believed that the earlier students were introduced to English, the better the results would be, considering the fact that first-grade students were still inside the golden age period. However, in order not to burden students, teachers must pay attention to the students’ abilities and characteristics. Moreover, respondents also believed that implementing monolingual (full-English) in classroom teachings was possible. To have successful monolingual teachings, it was recommended that classroom teachings resemble the process of first language acquisition. Furthermore, teachers should pay attention to the linguistic input they gave to students in such a way that it met the formulation of i+1. Finally, a fun learning atmosphere that is free from fear or stressful situation also played an important role in the successful implementation of this monolingual approach.
MODEL OF PROJECT-BASED AND INTRAPERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCES-INFUSED LEARNING IN WRITING CLASSES
Authors: Astari Triesa Gina , Iskandar Ifan , Dewanti Ratna
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the employment of project-based learning and the accommodation of intrapersonal and interpersonal competences in the existing models of learning in writing classes of English Language Education Study Program. The data were the components of models of learning in five writing courses syllabuses of five different universities along with their teaching and learning activities. A qualitative research design was employed in conducting this study followed by document analysis and observation as the instruments. The result showed that the existing models of learning mostly employed Direct Instruction and Computer-Assisted Instruction which are supported by Behavioral Approach, and Reciprocal Teaching and Scaffolding which are supported by Cognitive Approach. The employment of Project-Based Learning and the accommodation of Intrapersonal & Interpersonal Competences mostly occurred merely in the component of Technique; Teaching and Learning Activities. In employing Project-Based Learning, none of the universities employed Project Manager indicator. Also, in accommodating the Intrapersonal Competences, none of the universities put them to the first component of Approach: Course Description. Whereas the Interpersonal Competences were accommodated to all components of the existing models of learning.
FLOUTING MAXIMS IN “FANTASTIC BEASTS: AND WHERE TO FIND THEM” MOVIE
Authors: Erdayani Erdayani , Ambalegin Ambalegin
Published: April 2022

This descriptive qualitative research purposed at finding the types of flouting maxims uttered by the characters in Fantastic Beasts: and Where to Find Them movie. The data were taken from the utterances contained flouting maxims in the movie. The cooperative principle theory by (Grice, 1975) conducted for analyzing the types of flouting maxims. Observational method and non-participatory technique implemented for collecting the data. Furthermore, pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique employed for analyzing the data. The findings revealed that there were 15 utterances contained flouting maxims uttered by the characters in the movie. There were 9 data of flouting maxim of quantity, 1 data of flouting maxim of relation, 4 data of flouting maxim of relation, and 1 data of flouting maxim of manner.  Flouting maxim of quantity became the most uttered because the characters frequently flouted the maxim of quantity in the movie.
FULFILLMENT OF MAIN CHARACTER'S DESIRE THROUGH DISTRUCTION ACTIONS IN JOKER MOVIE: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Tampubolon Nico Jacksen , Arianto Tomi
Published: April 2022

This article represented the study of psychological to investigate the destruction as the main character’s desire fulfillment. Data source applied of this research from movie Joker released in 2019. This research applied theory concept psychology of three main major Lacan related the real, the imaginary and symbolic. Method applied in this research was descriptive analysis with librarian research as collecting data and deep interpretation with psychoanalysis approach as technique analysis data. From the analysis had been done the researchers find various phenomenon relevant with concept psychology of three main major Lacan in movie. The desire for perfection was conception in the desire for fulfilment of the real beginning from desire for created mother figure ideal because joker encounter phenomenon Joker’s mother was disease disorders. Joker also attached with problem financial become depressed in social life. Subject’s desire always felt lack bringing on process mirror for ideal life. Subject felt itself would be happy with laughs loud. Subject started did fulfilment desire with did destruction action as achievements on satisfaction with the level symbolic. This research explored the various efforts of the subject for fulfilment desire with did destruction actions.
Interdisciplinary Assessment of Market Oriented Yam Cultivation in Semi-arid Burkina Faso
Authors: Heller Olivier , Kiba Delwendé I. , Zida Kalifa Wend-Doléa , Schneider Kim , Valérie Kouame Hgazat Kouassi , Traoré Ouakoltio Y. A. , Siegrist Michael , Frossard Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

Yam (Discorea spp.) is a staple food crop in Africa that requires fertile soils and an annual rainfall of about 1,500 mm. However, in the semi-arid North-West of Burkina Faso, farmers produce yam in continuous rotation on degraded soils with annual rainfall of 610–960 mm. Understanding this local know-how can help improve yam cultivation in other regions and cropping systems in Africa. This study evaluated the productivity of this yam farming system in an interdisciplinary manner involving agronomic and economic analyses. We studied the cropping practices and socio-economic conditions of 67 households in 12 villages. We questioned farmers about their yam management schedule and inputs and we measured the yam fresh tuber yields in their fields. We sampled soils, manure and yam tubers for chemical analyses. Then, we calculated soil surface nutrient balances for N, P, and K. We found that the cropping system was characterized by densely planted ridges and relatively small size of harvested tubers. The farmers coped with degrading soils and increasing market demand by applying in average 16.2 t ha−1 of manure. About 31% of the farmers applied an average of 435 kg ha−1 of NPK fertilizer and another 24% applied an average of 300 kg ha−1 of urea. The average yam yield was 16.2 t ha−1, well above the West African average yield of 10.7 t ha−1.The yam had high value (0.59 USD kg−1) at relatively low production expenditure (0.04 USD kg−1), providing farmers the opportunity to increase and diversify incomes. Our results suggest that the development of this intensified yam production may be limited by farmer's low purchasing power of yam seed tubers, fertilizers and labor.
Exploitation of Hetero- and Phototrophic Metabolic Modules for Redox-Intensive Whole-Cell Biocatalysis
Authors: Theodosiou Eleni , Tüllinghoff Adrian , Toepel Jörg , Bühler Bruno
Published: April 2022

The successful realization of a sustainable manufacturing bioprocess and the maximization of its production potential and capacity are the main concerns of a bioprocess engineer. A main step towards this endeavor is the development of an efficient biocatalyst. Isolated enzyme(s), microbial cells, or (immobilized) formulations thereof can serve as biocatalysts. Living cells feature, beside active enzymes, metabolic modules that can be exploited to support energy-dependent and multi-step enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Metabolism can sustainably supply necessary cofactors or cosubstrates at the expense of readily available and cheap resources, rendering external addition of costly cosubstrates unnecessary. However, for the development of an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst, in depth comprehension of metabolic modules and their interconnection with cell growth, maintenance, and product formation is indispensable. In order to maximize the flux through biosynthetic reactions and pathways to an industrially relevant product and respective key performance indices (i.e., titer, yield, and productivity), existing metabolic modules can be redesigned and/or novel artificial ones established. This review focuses on whole-cell bioconversions that are coupled to heterotrophic or phototrophic metabolism and discusses metabolic engineering efforts aiming at 1) increasing regeneration and supply of redox equivalents, such as NAD(P/H), 2) blocking competing fluxes, and 3) increasing the availability of metabolites serving as (co)substrates of desired biosynthetic routes.
Financing Orphan Drugs Through a Blockchain-Supported Insurance Model
Authors: Ho Lok Sang , Zhang Tianle , Kwok Tony Chun Tak , Wat Kam Pui , Lai Francisco T. T. , Li Spencer
Published: April 2022

The cost of treatment for rare diseases is notoriously high imposing threats to the global healthcare system. Existing market-based tools for orphan drugs are not designed to reduce drug prices and could be hampered by adverse selection. We propose an alternative insurance mechanism, Massive Group Insurance (MGI), which aims at reducing the prices of orphan drugs through offering separate Intellectual Property Right (IPR) Fees to the drug company from an MGI Agency, which will collect insurance premiums from each country on each orphan drug that the country wants all its citizens to enjoy access to. The premiums will be calculated so as to ensure that the drug company will collect a profit no smaller than what it enjoys under the traditional model. The plan uses the group insurance concept and will generate a significant increase in drug use. Blockchain technology is used to facilitate authentication and effective IPR payments and ensure data security and low administrative cost. This model can potentially be extended to other categories of expensive drugs and vaccines.
The Dictyostelium Model for Mucolipidosis Type IV
Authors: Allan Claire Y. , Fisher Paul R.
Published: April 2022

Mucolipidosis type IV, a devastating neurological lysosomal disease linked to mutations in the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1, TRPML1, a calcium permeable channel in the membranes of vesicles in endolysosomal system. TRPML1 function is still being elucidated and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Mucolipidosis type IV, may facilitate development of potential treatments. We have created a model to study mucolipin function in the eukaryotic slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum by altering expression of its single mucolipin homologue, mcln. We show that in Dictyostelium mucolipin overexpression contributes significantly to global chemotactic calcium responses in vegetative and differentiated cells. Knockdown of mucolipin also enhances calcium responses in vegetative cells but does not affect responses in 6–7 h developed cells, suggesting that in developed cells mucolipin may help regulate local calcium signals rather than global calcium waves. We found that both knocking down and overexpressing mucolipin often, but not always, presented the same phenotypes. Altering mucolipin expression levels caused an accumulation or increased acidification of Lysosensor Blue stained vesicles in vegetative cells. Nutrient uptake by phagocytosis and macropinocytosis were increased but growth rates were not, suggesting defects in catabolism. Both increasing and decreasing mucolipin expression caused the formation of smaller slugs and larger numbers of fruiting bodies during multicellular development, suggesting that mucolipin is involved in initiation of aggregation centers. The fruiting bodies that formed from these smaller aggregates had proportionately larger basal discs and thickened stalks, consistent with a regulatory role for mucolipin-dependent Ca2+ signalling in the autophagic cell death pathways involved in stalk and basal disk differentiation in Dictyostelium. Thus, we have provided evidence that mucolipin contributes to chemotactic calcium signalling and that Dictyostelium is a useful model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the cytopathogenesis of Mucolipidosis type IV.
Circulating Tumour Cells Indicate the Presence of Residual Disease Post-Castration in Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Hassan Sara , Blick Tony , Wood Jack , Thompson Erik W. , Williams Elizabeth D.
Published: April 2022

Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer. Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has been associated with disease progression to CRPC, and prostate cancer therapies targeting the androgen signalling axis, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), promote EMP. We explored effects of castration on EMP in the tumours and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) of patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-bearing castrated mice using human-specific RT-qPCR assays and immunocytochemistry. Expression of prostate epithelial cell marker KLK3 was below detection in most tumours from castrated mice (62%, 23/37 mice), consistent with its known up-regulation by androgens. Endpoint tumour size after castration varied significantly in a PDX model-specific pattern; while most tumours were castration-sensitive (BM18, LuCaP70), the majority of LuCaP105 tumours continued to grow following castration. By contrast, LuCaP96 PDX showed a mixed response to castration. CTCs were detected in 33% of LuCaP105, 43% of BM18, 47% of LuCaP70, and 54% of LuCaP96 castrated mice using RPL32 mRNA measurement in plasma. When present, CTC numbers estimated using human RPL32 expression ranged from 1 to 458 CTCs per ml blood, similar to our previous observations in non-castrated mice. In contrast to their non-castrated counterparts, there was no relationship between tumour size and CTC burden in castrated mice. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the gene expression profiles of CTCs collected from castrated and non-castrated mice revealed distinct CTC sub-groups within the pooled population that were classified as having mesenchymal, epithelial, or EMP hybrid gene expression profiles. The epithelial signature was only found in CTCs from non-castrated mice. Hybrid and mesenchymal signatures were detected in CTCs from both castrated and non-castrated mice, with an emphasis towards mesenchymal phenotypes in castrated mice. Post-castration serum PSA levels were either below detection or very low for all the CTC positive samples highlighting the potential usefulness of CTCs for disease monitoring after androgen ablation therapy. In summary, our study of castration effects on prostate cancer PDX CTCs showed that CTCs were often detected in the castrate setting, even in mice with no palpable tumours, and demonstrated the superior ability of CTCs to reveal residual disease over the conventional clinical biomarker serum PSA.
Systematical Study on the Influencing Factors of Synchronous Thermal Analyses of Samples-Taking the Chalcanthite as an Example
Authors: Xianzhe Duan , Nan Li , Yuyuan Wang , Zhenping Tang
Published: April 2022

Thermal analysis is widely used for the measurement of the relationship between temperature and physical properties of the materials. Many studies have reported different thermal analysis methods, including thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential heat analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), but few comprehensively studied the factors influencing TG-DTA by the combined thermogravimetry–differential thermal methods. In this study, taking chalcanthite as the research object, the thermogravimetric–differential thermal analyses were systematically conducted by using synchronous thermal analyzer technology. The results demonstrate that 1) DTA curves of low- and medium-weight chalcanthite show five dehydration endothermic peaks, while TG curves do not display obvious weight-loss steps; DTA and TG curves of high-weight chalcanthite samples, on the other hand, illustrate three endothermic peaks, indicating three-step loss of crystalline water; 2) higher weight of samples may cause longer time of internal heat transfer and larger temperature gradient, consequently resulting in the expansion of DTA peak shape and the decline of resolution as well as the increase of the peak temperature; 3) the weight-loss deviation between the measured and theoretical data is relatively higher in the low-weight samples than that in the medium- and high-weight samples; 4) the heating rate can increase the DTA curve peak and thermal inertia and the temperature at the thermodynamic equilibrium, causing the temperature lagging behind and the overall peak moving toward high temperature; 5) sample grinding may destroy the structure of the crystal, thereby breaking the relatively weak chemical bond, and thus affects the structure of thermogravimetric–differential thermal analyses. These suggest that the sample weight, heating rate, and sample grinding probably have significant effects on the thermogravimetric–differential thermal analyses. Therefore, proper experimental conditions are needed to obtain the accurate results during the thermogravimetric–differential thermal analyses. This study can provide a basis and reference for future synchronous thermal analyses.
Extreme Point Sort Transformation Combined With a Long Short-Term Memory Network Algorithm for the Raman-Based Identification of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Ling Jin , Zheng Luxia , Xu Mingming , Chen Gang , Wang Xiao , Mao Danzhuo , Shao Hong
Published: April 2022

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a new generation of protein-based medicines that are usually expensive and thus represent a target for counterfeiters. In the present study, a method based on Raman spectroscopy that combined extreme point sort transformation with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network algorithm was presented for the identification of therapeutic mAbs. A total of 15 therapeutic mAbs were used in this study. An in-house Raman spectrum dataset for model training was created with 1,350 spectra. The characteristic region of the Raman spectrum was reduced in dimension and then transformed through an extreme point sort transformation into a sequence array, which was fitted for the LSTM network. The characteristic array was extracted from the sequence array using a well-trained LSTM network and then compared with standard spectra for identification. To demonstrate whether the present algorithm was better, ThermoFisher OMNIC 8.3 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., U.S.) with two matching modes was selected for comparison. Finally, the present method was successfully applied to identify 30 samples, including 15 therapeutic mAbs and 15 other injections. The characteristic region was selected from 100 to 1800 cm−1 of the full spectrum. The optimized dimensional values were set from 35 to 53, and the threshold value range was from 0.97 to 0.99 for 15 therapeutic mAbs. The results of the robustness test indicated that the present method had good robustness against spectral peak drift, random noise and fluorescence interference from the measurement. The areas under the curve (AUC) values of the present method that were analysed on the full spectrum and analysed on the characteristic region by the OMNIC 8.3 software’s built-in method were 1.000, 0.678, and 0.613, respectively. The similarity scores for 15 therapeutic mAbs using OMNIC 8.3 software in all groups compared with that of the relative present algorithm group had extremely remarkable differences (p < 0.001). The results suggested that the extreme point sort transformation combined with the LSTM network algorithm enabled the characteristic extraction of the therapeutic mAb Raman spectrum. The present method is a proposed solution to rapidly identify therapeutic mAbs.