bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robust adaptive model predictive control framework for nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Köhler Johannes , Kötting Peter , Soloperto Raffaele , Allgöwer Frank , Müller Matthias A.
Published: August 2020

In this article, we present a tube‐based framework for robust adaptive model predictive control (RAMPC) for nonlinear systems subject to parametric uncertainty and additive disturbances. Set‐membership estimation is used to provide accurate bounds on the parametric uncertainty, which are employed for the construction of the tube in a robust MPC scheme. The resulting RAMPC framework ensures robust recursive feasibility and robust constraint satisfaction, while allowing for less conservative operation compared with robust MPC schemes without model/parameter adaptation. Furthermore, by using an additional mean‐squared point estimate in the objective function the framework ensures finite‐gain stability w.r.t. additive disturbances. As a first contribution we derive suitable monotonicity and nonincreasing properties on general parameter estimation algorithms and tube/set‐based RAMPC schemes that ensure robust recursive feasibility and robust constraint satisfaction under recursive model updates. Then, as the main contribution of this article, we provide similar conditions for a tube‐based formulation that is parametrized using an incremental Lyapunov function, a scalar contraction rate and a function bounding the uncertainty. With this result, we can provide simple constructive designs for different RAMPC schemes with varying computational complexity and conservatism. As a corollary, we can demonstrate that state of the art formulations for nonlinear RAMPC are a special case of the proposed framework. We provide a numerical example that demonstrates the flexibility of the proposed framework and showcase improvements compared with state of the art approaches.
Consideration of spatial and temporal scales in stream restorations and biotic monitoring to assess restoration outcomes: A literature review, part 2
Authors: Griffith Michael B. , McManus Michael G.
Published: August 2020

Stream and river restoration practices have become common in many parts of the world. To answer the question whether such restoration measures improve freshwater biotic assemblages or functions over time, and if not, can general reasons be identified for such outcomes, we conducted a literature survey and review of studies in which different types of stream restorations were conducted and outcomes assessed. In the first paper, we reviewed studies of culvert restorations, acid mine drainage or industrial pollution restoration; and urban stream restoration projects. Here, we review studies of restoration via dam removal, changes in dam operation or fish passage structures; instream habitat modification; riparian restoration or woody material addition; channel restoration and multiple restoration measures and develop some general conclusions from these reviews. Biomonitoring in different studies detected improvements for some restoration measures; other studies found minimal or no statistically significant increases in biotic assemblage richness, abundances or functions. In some cases, untreated stressors may have influenced the outcomes of the restoration, but in many cases, there were mismatches in the temporal or spatial scale of the restoration measure undertaken and associated monitoring. For example, either biomonitoring to measure restoration effects was conducted over a too short a time period after restoration for effects to be observed, or the sources and stressors needing remediation occurred at a larger catchment scale than the restoration. Also, many restoration measures lack observations from unimpaired reference sites for use in predicting how much of a beneficial effect might be expected.
Use of data mining in a two‐step process of profiling student preferences in relation to the enhancement of English as a foreign language teaching
Authors: Nowakowska Marzena , Bęben Karolina , Pajęcki Michał
Published: August 2020

The paper pursues a twofold goal. The first goal refers to the identification of university students' needs regarding such modifications to English language courses that would improve English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching outcomes. The other goal refers to the methodical issue of achieving the first one. In this aspect, the use of selected data mining techniques in a hierarchical way in real data processing is proposed. These are: (a) Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) dataset segmentation and then (b) market basket analysis applied to the individual SOM segments. The research data were collected from the students' survey concerning their opinion of the EFL teaching process; 347 students of a faculty of a technical university in Poland completed the questionnaire. The use of SOM allowed the identification of homogeneous groups of students, while market basket analysis allowed indicating, within each group, the relationships between student opinions of effective methods of teaching English. In such a way, satisfactory student preference profiles as regards their approach to the improvement of English language competences were developed. On this basis, EFL teaching methods appropriate for the specific profile can be adapted.
Achieving transient competitive advantage in high‐speed rail projects bidding: Sustainable development perspective
Authors: Zhang Na , Hwang Bon‐gang , Deng Xiaopeng , Ning Yan
Published: August 2020

Since there is fierce competition in the global high‐speed rail (HSR) market, pursuing sustainable development has become an essential task for HSR firms. However, competition on the international HSR projects shows prominent dynamic characteristics, which pose severe challenges to the sustainable development of HSR firms. Transient competitive advantage (TrCA) as a kind of advantage, that can be built quickly and abandoned rapidly, would guide HSR firms winning awards and survival in the dynamic competitive environment. To explore how HSR project bidders achieve their TrCA in the bidding process, this study conducted a multicases approach. We have collected the data by using the query‐based website crawler as well as focus group discussion. First, the main strategic activities were identified while their sources and roles were discussed in the context of TrCA theory. Then, a conceptual framework was developed to reveal the improvement of TrCA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes conceptual framework for TrCA improvement. Implications related to the findings are proposed to understand the formation and improvement of TrCA further. The results provide a comprehensive guidance for HSR project bid managers, market players, and future market entrants adopting main strategic activities.
Ultrafast Growth and Locomotion of Dandelion‐Like Microswarms with Tubular Micromotors
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Shen Hui , Wei Ying , Ge Hongbin , Wang Joseph , Peng Hanmin , Liu Wenjuan
Published: August 2020

Dynamic assembly and cooperation represent future frontiers for next generations of advanced micro/nano robots, but the required local interaction and communication cannot be directly translated from macroscale robots through the minimization because of tremendous technological challenges. Here, an ultrafast growth and locomotion methodology is presented for dandelion‐like microswarms assembled from catalytic tubular micromotors. With ultrasound oscillation of self‐generated bubbles, such microswarms could overcome the tremendous and chaotic drag force from extensive and disordered bubble generation in single units. Tubular MnO2 micromotor individuals headed by self‐generated oxygen bubbles are ultrasonically driven to swim rapidly in surfactant‐free H2O2 solutions. A large bubble core fused from multiple microbubbles is excited to oscillate and the resultant local intensified acoustic field attracts the individual micromotors to school around it, leading to a simultaneous growth of dandelion‐like microswarms. The bubble‐carried micromotor groups driven by ultrasound could swarm at a zigzag pattern with an average speed of up to 50 mm s−1, which is validated in low H2O2 concentrations. Additionally, such superfast locomotion could be ultrasonically modulated on demand. The ultrafast microswarm growth and locomotion strategy offers a new paradigm for constructing distinct dynamic assemblies and rapid transmission of artificial microrobots, paving the way to a myriad of promising applications.
Genuine Active Species Generated from Fe3N Nanotube by Synergistic CoNi Doping for Boosted Oxygen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Dong Jing , Lu Yue , Tian Xinxin , Zhang Fu‐Qiang , Chen Shuai , Yan Wenjun , He Hai‐Long , Wang Yueshuai , Zhang Yue‐Biao , Qin Yong , Sui Manling , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Fan Xiujun
Published: August 2020

The surface reconstruction of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts has been proven favorable for enhancing its catalytic activity. However, what is the active site and how to promote the active species generation remain unclear and are still under debate. Here, the in situ synthesis of CoNi incorporated Fe3N nanotubes (CoNi–Fe3N) on the iron foil through the anodization/electrodeposition/nitridation process for use of boosted OER catalysis is reported. The synergistic CoNi doping induces the lattice expansion and up shifts the d‐band center of Fe3N, which enhances the adsorption of hydroxyl groups from electrolyte during the OER catalysis, facilitating the generation of active CoNi–FeOOH on the Fe3N nanotube surface. As a result of this OER‐conditioned surface reconstruction, the optimized catalyst requires an overpotential of only 285 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 34 mV dec−1, outperforming commercial RuO2 catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the Ni site in CoNi–FeOOH modulates the adsorption of OER intermediates and delivers a lower overpotential than those from Fe and Co sites, serving as the optimal active site for excellent OER performance.
Experimental study on mechanical behavior of thermally damaged grouted sleeve splice under cyclic loading
Authors: Xiao Jianzhuang , Liu Lianglin , Ding Tao , Xie Qinghai
Published: August 2020

An experimental program concerning 48 specimens of grouted sleeve splices, first heated up to 600°C and then subjected to cyclic loading was presented and discussed in this study. Similar rebar splices were often used in the precast concrete structures designed for seismic regions. The temperature of the splice and the compressive strength of the grout were the main variables considered in this study. It is found that the temperature mainly affected the peak bearing capacity of the grout and the failure pattern of the connection. In fact, the typical failure pattern at room temperature (rebar fracture outside the sleeve) turned to rebar pullout of the sleeve above 400°C, which indicated that below this temperature grout‐to‐rebar bond kept most of its original efficacy. On the contrary, bond failure occurred for all specimens at 600°C because of rebar slip. A calculation method was proposed as well to evaluate the peak bearing capacity of grouted sleeve splice, based on the load transferring mechanisms of the bond between grout‐to‐rebar and sleeve‐to‐grout. The conducted experimental study and analysis provide a better understanding on the bond mechanism of thermally damaged grouted sleeve splices subjected to cyclic loading.
Experimental tests on shear capacity of naturally corroded prestressed beams
Authors: Belletti Beatrice , Rodríguez Jesús , Andrade Carmen , Franceschini Lorenzo , Sánchez Montero Javier , Vecchi Francesca
Published: August 2020

An experimental campaign was carried out on full‐scale naturally corroded prestressed concrete (PC) beams without transverse reinforcement to investigate the corrosion effects on failure modes, shear capacity, and ductility. The analyzed PC beams, structural members of a thermal power plant, were subjected for 10 years to refrigerating wetting cycles with marine water. In this paper, the experimental results of four‐point bending tests, carried out at the Institute “Eduardo Torroja” in Madrid, are described. Before tests, a visual inspection was conducted to detect the damages induced by corrosion. During the tests, displacements and strains were measured by using linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) and digital image correlation (DIC). After the tests, strands were removed from beams and cut in pieces, which were weighed to measure the mass loss. Last, it was proved that the residual life of PC beams, exposed to chloride attack, is strongly affected by corrosion, whose effects reduce the shear capacity in terms of both resistance and ductility.
Rutin‐protected BisGMA‐induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in macrophages through the reduction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and induction of antioxidant enzymes
Authors: Huang Fu‐Mei , Chang Yu‐Chao , Su Chun‐Hung , Wu Sheng‐Wen , Lee Shiuan‐Shinn , Lee Min‐Wei , Yeh Kun‐Lin , Chiang Chen‐Yu , Tu Dom‐Gene , Lu Yin‐Che , Kuan Yu‐Hsiang
Published: August 2020

Bisphenol‐A‐glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a resin monomer frequently used in dentin restorative treatments. The leakage of BisGMA monomer from BisGMA‐based polymeric resins can lead to cytotoxicity in macrophages. Rutin has various beneficial bioeffects, including antioxidation and antiinflammation. In this study, we found that pretreatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with rutin‐inhibited cytotoxicity induced by BisGMA in a concentration‐dependent manner. BisGMA‐induced apoptosis, which was detected by levels of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and formation of sub‐G1, and genotoxicity, which was detected by cytokinesis‐blocked micronucleus and single‐cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by rutin in a concentration‐dependent manner. Rutin suppressed the BisGMA‐induced activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9 rather than caspase‐8. Rutin inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including cytochrome C release and mitochondria disruption, after macrophages were treated with BisGMA. Finally, BisGMA‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) deactivation could be reversed by rutin. Parallel trends were observed in the elevation of AOE activation and inhibition of ROS generation, caspase‐3 activity, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation, and genotoxicity. These results suggested that rutin suppressed BisGMA‐induced cytotoxicity through genotoxicity, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and relatively upstream factors, including reduction of ROS generation and induction of AOE.
Small‐scale electricity generation through thermal harvesting in rooftop photovoltaic picogrid using passively cooled heat conversion devices
Authors: Ajewole Titus O. , Olabode Olakunle E. , Alawode Kehinde O. , Lawal Muyideen O.
Published: August 2020

Investigated in this study is harnessing the heat energy absorbed by photovoltaic (PV) solar cells for electricity generation, in order to boost the electric power output of rooftop PV power system, without expending on cooling the energy conversion devices. An experiment was carried out in which a metallic plate was attached to the back of a low rate rooftop PV installation to capture the waste heat of the PV array and evenly distribute the heat to the conversion devices. Four commercial thermoelectric generator (TEG) modules were attached to the plate for the conversion of the heat to electricity. The modules were passively cooled and connected in parallel. Outputs of the PV array and the TEG bundle were obtained on a data logger while the experiment lasted for 11 weeks during a sunny season in Nigeria. Voltage and current up to 2.5 V and 4 A, respectively, were obtained from the harvested heat, while the PV–TEG combination operated at higher efficiency than that of the PV alone. Potential of rooftop PV system in hot climates is thus maximized by the passive cooling. The approach could be improved further using metal plate with higher conductivity.
NCIPLOTand the analysis of noncovalent interactions using the reduced density gradient
Authors: Laplaza Rubén , Peccati Francesca , A. Boto Roberto , Quan Chaoyu , Carbone Alessandra , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Maday Yvon , Contreras‐García Julia
Published: August 2020

Noncovalent interactions are of utmost importance. However, their accurate treatment is still difficult. This is partially induced by the coexistence of many types of interactions and physical phenomena, which hampers generality in simple treatments. The NCI index has been successfully used for nearly over 10 years in order to identify, analyze, and understand noncovalent interactions in a wide variety of systems, ranging from proteins to molecular crystals. In this work, the development and implications of the method will be reviewed, and modern implementations will be presented. Afterward, some sophisticated examples will be given that showcase the current advances toward the fast, robust, and intuitive identification of noncovalent interactions in real space.

This article is categorized under:

Software > Molecular Modeling

Quantum Computing > Theory Development

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Challenges in the development of nanoparticle‐based imaging agents: Characterization and biology
Authors: Crist Rachael M. , Dasa Siva Sai Krishna , Liu Christina H. , Clogston Jeffrey D. , Dobrovolskaia Marina A. , Stern Stephan T.
Published: August 2020

Despite imaging agents being some of the earliest nanomedicines in clinical use, the vast majority of current research and translational activities in the nanomedicine field involves therapeutics, while imaging agents are severely underrepresented. The reasons for this lack of representation are several fold, including difficulties in synthesis and scale‐up, biocompatibility issues, lack of suitable tissue/disease selective targeting ligands and receptors, and a high bar for regulatory approval. The recent focus on immunotherapies and personalized medicine, and development of nanoparticle constructs with better tissue distribution and selectivity, provide new opportunities for nanomedicine imaging agent development. This manuscript will provide an overview of trends in imaging nanomedicine characterization and biocompatibility, and new horizons for future development.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Followership Identity Work
Authors: Thompson Rachael
Published: August 2020

This chapter focuses on notions of identity and followership, and presents a process for follower identity development. As areas separately seeing growth in academic popularity over the years, the author is keen to bring them together in the hope of further enabling students to connect with their own followership identities, much in the way that they are supported to become aware of and to develop their leadership identities.
Development of a Followership Teaching Strategy in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhadi Muhsin B.
Published: August 2020

This chapter is based on the author's personal journey to attempt to bring an understanding of followership to Indonesia. Followership has been understudied and underappreciated in both academic literature and practice in Indonesia, possibly because of a specific interpretation of a famous Islamic leadership hadith. As such, it presents a powerful example of a cultural analysis that could be useful in other contexts. It also includes challenges that may be encountered teaching followership in Indonesia, and specific teaching strategies that can be used.
A hinge position distal to the adductor tubercle minimizes the risk of hinge fractures in lateral open wedge distal femoral osteotomy
Authors: Winkler Philipp W. , Rupp Marco C. , Lutz Patricia M. , Geyer Stephanie , Forkel Philipp , Imhoff Andreas B. , Feucht Matthias J.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence and morphology of medial cortical hinge fractures in lateral open wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOW-DFO) and to determine a safe zone for the position of the osteotomy hinge to minimize the risk of hinge fractures.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent LOW-DFO for symptomatic valgus malalignment were screened for eligibility for this retrospective observational cohort study. Demographical and surgical data were collected. The incidence and morphology of medial cortical hinge fractures were evaluated on standard postoperative anterior–posterior knee radiographs. Comprehensive measurements evaluating the osteotomy gap and the position of the osteotomy hinge were taken. Additionally, each osteotomy hinge was assigned to a corresponding sector of a proposed five-sector grid of the distal medial femur.

Results

A total of 100 patients (60% female) with a mean age of 31 ± 13 years were included. The overall incidence of medial cortical hinge fractures was 46% and three distinct fracture types were identified. The most frequently observed fracture type was extension of the osteotomy gap (76%), followed by a proximal (20%) and distal (4%) course of the fracture line in relation to the hinge. Group comparison (hinge fracture vs. no hinge fracture) showed statistically significant higher values for the height of the osteotomy gap (p = 0.001), the wedge angle (p = 0.036), and the vertical distance between the hinge and the proximal margin of the adductor tubercle (AT; p = 0.002) in the hinge fracture group. Furthermore, a significantly lower horizontal distance between the hinge and the medial cortical bone (p = 0.036) was observed in the hinge fracture group. A statistically significant higher incidence of medial cortical hinge fractures was observed when the position of the osteotomy hinge was proximal compared to distal to the proximal margin of the AT (53% vs. 27%; p = 0.023).

Conclusion

Medial cortical hinge fractures in LOW-DFO are a common finding with three distinct fracture types. To minimize the risk of medial cortical hinge fractures, it is recommended to aim for a position of the osteotomy hinge at the level of or distal to the proximal margin of the adductor tubercle.

Level of evidence

Prognostic study; Level III
Quantitative determination and validation of 17 cannabinoids in cannabis and hemp using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: McRae Garnet , Melanson Jeremy E.
Published: August 2020

The increase in production of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes in recent years has led to a corresponding increase in laboratories performing cannabinoid analysis of cannabis and hemp. We have developed and validated a quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that is simple, reliable, specific, and accurate for the analysis of 17 cannabinoids in cannabis and hemp. Liquid-solid sample extraction coupled with dilution into a calibration range from 10 to 10,000 ng/mL and LC-MS/MS analysis provides quantification of samples ranging from 0.002 to 200 mg/g (0.0002 to 20.0%) in matrix. Linearity of calibration curves in methanol was demonstrated with regression r2 ≥ 0.99. Within-batch precision (0.5 to 6.5%) and accuracy (91.4 to 108.0%) and between-batch precision (0.9 to 5.1%) and accuracy (91.5 to 107.5%) were demonstrated for quality control (QC) samples in methanol. Within-batch precision (0.2 to 3.6%) and accuracy (85.4 to 111.6%) and between-batch precision (1.4 to 6.1 %) and accuracy (90.2 to 110.3%) were also evaluated with a candidate cannabis certified reference material (CRM). Repeatability (1.5 to 12.4% RSD) and intermediate precision (2.2 to 12.8% RSD) were demonstrated via analysis of seven cannabis samples with HorRat values ranging from 0.3 to 3.1. The method provides enhanced detection limits coupled with a large quantitative range for 17 cannabinoids in plant material. It is suitable for a wide range of applications including routine analysis for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabinol (CBN) as well as more advanced interrogation of samples for both major and minor cannabinoids.
Optical ammonia sensors based on fluorescent aza-BODIPY dyes— a flexible toolbox
Authors: Maierhofer Maximilian , Rieger Veronika , Mayr Torsten
Published: August 2020

We present three types of optical ammonia sensors suitable for environmental, bioprocess, and reaction monitoring. A respective fluorescent BF2-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene dye (aza-BODIPYs) is physically entrapped in a polyurethane hydrogel (HydroMed D4) forming an emulsion system with vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The analyte-sensitive layer is covered by a hydrophobic membrane which excludes hydrophilic substances. Three different protection layers are tested, whereby the Teflon and the hydrophobic PES layers outperform a PDMS/TiO2 layer. Response times within their dynamic range of 15 s can be achieved, whereas the PDMS/TiO2-covered sensor requires at least 390 s. The three sensors entail the following concentration areas: first sensor 3 μg L−1–3 mg L−1 (LOD 0.23 μg L−1), second sensor 0.1–30 mg L−1 (LOD 28 μg L−1), and third sensor 3 mg L−1–1 g L−1 (LOD 0.51 mg L−1). Readout is performed with a commercially available phase fluorimeter combined with optical fibers. Dual-lifetime referencing (DLR) is used as referencing method and Egyptian blue acts as an inert reference material. No cross-sensitivity to pH changes can be detected.
Simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization before major liver resection
Authors: Heil Jan , Schadde Erik
Published: August 2020

Background

Regenerative liver surgery expands the limitations of technical resectability by increasing the future liver remnant (FLR) volume before extended resections in order to avoid posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Portal vein rerouting with ligation of one branch of the portal vein bifurcation (PVL) or embolization (PVE) leads to a moderate liver volume increase over several weeks with a clinical dropout rate of 20–40%, mostly due to tumor progression during the waiting period. Accelerated liver regeneration by the Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein Ligation for Staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) was poised to overcome this limitation by reduction of the waiting time, but failed due increased perioperative complications. Simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization (PVE/HVE) is a novel minimal invasive way to induce rapid liver growth without the need of two surgeries.

Purpose

This article summarizes published results of PVE/HVE and analyzes what is known about its efficacy to achieve resection, safety, and the volume changes induced.

Conclusions

PVE/HVE holds promise to induce accelerated liver regeneration in a similar safety profile to PVE. The demonstrated accelerated hypertrophy may increase resectability. Randomized trials will have to compare PVE/HVE and PVE to determine if PVE/HVE is superior to PVE.
How robust are landslide susceptibility estimates?
Authors: Ozturk Ugur , Pittore Massimiliano , Behling Robert , Roessner Sigrid , Andreani Louis , Korup Oliver
Published: August 2020

Much of contemporary landslide research is concerned with predicting and mapping susceptibility to slope failure. Many studies rely on generalised linear models with environmental predictors that are trained with data collected from within and outside of the margins of mapped landslides. Whether and how the performance of these models depends on sample size, location, or time remains largely untested. We address this question by exploring the sensitivity of a multivariate logistic regression—one of the most widely used susceptibility models—to data sampled from different portions of landslides in two independent inventories (i.e. a historic and a multi-temporal) covering parts of the eastern rim of the Fergana Basin, Kyrgyzstan. We find that considering only areas on lower parts of landslides, and hence most likely their deposits, can improve the model performance by >10% over the reference case that uses the entire landslide areas, especially for landslides of intermediate size. Hence, using landslide toe areas may suffice for this particular model and come in useful where landslide scars are vague or hidden in this part of Central Asia. The model performance marginally varied after progressively updating and adding more landslides data through time. We conclude that landslide susceptibility estimates for the study area remain largely insensitive to changes in data over about a decade. Spatial or temporal stratified sampling contributes only minor variations to model performance. Our findings call for more extensive testing of the concept of dynamic susceptibility and its interpretation in data-driven models, especially within the broader framework of landslide risk assessment under environmental and land-use change.
Efficacy of the eribulin, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab combination therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, single arm, phase II study (JBCRG-M03 study)
Authors: Yamashita Toshinari , Kawaguchi Hidetoshi , Masuda Norikazu , Kitada Masahiro , Narui Kazutaka , Hattori Masaya , Yoshinami Tetsuhiro , Matsunami Nobuki , Yanagihara Kazuhiro , Kawasoe Teru , Nagashima Takeshi , Bando Hiroko , Yano Hiroshi , Hasegawa Yoshie , Nakamura Rikiya , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu
Published: August 2020

Purpose To date, it is not clear which anticancer agent is useful in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab As the first and second selective regimens for advanced or metastatic breast cancer (AMBC), this multicenter, open-label, phase II trial (JBCRG-M03: UMIN000012232) presents a prespecified analysis of eribulin in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab. Methods We enrolled 50 patients with no or single prior chemotherapy for HER2-positive AMBC during November 2013–April 2016. All patients received adjuvant or first-line chemotherapy with trastuzumab and a taxane. The treatment comprised eribulin on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle and trastuzumabplus pertuzumab once every 3 weeks, all administered intravenously. While the primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS), secondary endpoints were the response rate and safety. Results Of 50 patients, 49 were eligible for safety analysis, and the full analysis set (FAS) included 46 patients. We treated 8 (16%) and 41 (84%) patients in first- and second-line settings, respectively. While 11 patients (23.9%) had advanced disease, 35 (76.1%) had metastatic disease. The median PFS was 9.2 months for all patients [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0–11.4]. In the FAS, 44 patients had the measurable lesions and the complete response rate (CR) was 17.4%, and partial response rate (PR) was 43.5%. The grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (5 patients, 10.2%), including febrile neutropenia (2 patients, 4.1%), hypertension (3 patients, 6.1%), and other (1 patient). The average of the left ventricular ejection fraction did not decline markedly. No symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction was observed. Conclusions In patients with HER2-positive AMBC, eribulin, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab combination therapy exhibited substantial antitumor activity with an acceptable safety profile. Hence, we have started a randomized phase III study comparing eribulin and a taxane in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab for the treatment of HER2-positive AMBC. Trial registration ID: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000012232.
Design and tests of prospective property predictions for novel antimalarial 2-aminopropylaminoquinolones
Authors: Clark Robert D. , Morris Denise N. , Chinigo Gary , Lawless Michael S. , Prudhomme Jacques , Le Roch Karine G. , Lafuente Maria José , Ferrer Santiago , Gamo Francisco Javier , Gadwood Robert , Woltosz Walter S.
Published: August 2020

There is a pressing need to improve the efficiency of drug development, and nowhere is that need more clear than in the case of neglected diseases like malaria. The peculiarities of pyrimidine metabolism in Plasmodium species make inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) an attractive target for antimalarial drug design. By applying a pair of complementary quantitative structure–activity relationships derived for inhibition of a truncated, soluble form of the enzyme from Plasmodium falciparum (s-PfDHODH) to data from a large-scale phenotypic screen against cultured parasites, we were able to identify a class of antimalarial leads that inhibit the enzyme and abolish parasite growth in blood culture. Novel analogs extending that class were designed and synthesized with a goal of improving potency as well as the general pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles. Their synthesis also represented an opportunity to prospectively validate our in silico property predictions. The seven analogs synthesized exhibited physicochemical properties in good agreement with prediction, and five of them were more active against P. falciparum growing in blood culture than any of the compounds in the published lead series. The particular analogs prepared did not inhibit s-PfDHODH in vitro, but advanced biological assays indicated that other examples from the class did inhibit intact PfDHODH bound to the mitochondrial membrane. The new analogs, however, killed the parasites by acting through some other, unidentified mechanism 24–48 h before PfDHODH inhibition would be expected to do so.
Comparison between biparietal bipolar and uniparietal bipolar radio frequency ablation techniques in a simultaneous procedural setting
Authors: Matteucci Francesco , Maesen Bart , De Asmundis Carlo , Bidar Elham , Parise Gianmarco , Maessen Jos G. , La Meir Mark , Gelsomino Sandro
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To make an in vitro evaluation of the lesion size and depth produced in two different sets of radio frequency energy bipolar delivery: simultaneous biparietal bipolar (SBB) and simultaneous uniparietal bipolar (SUB).

Methods

Two separate prototypes have been built for our purpose: one to be used in SBB mode and the other to be used SUB mode. Forty left atrium samples were taken from the hearts of freshly slaughtered pigs. They were ablated into a simulator ABLABOX, where blood flow, temperature, and contact force were controlled. After being sliced into a cryotome, the samples were digitalized by a flatbed scanner, and the images were analyzed by a computer morphometric software.

Results

Transmural lesions were achieved in 18/20 samples (90%) in SBB, while SUB showed transmurality in 9/20 samples (45%). Overall maximum diameter (DMAX) resulted larger in SUB than in SBB (2.43 ± 0.30 mm, 1.62 ± 0.14 mm, respectively; p < 0.05): Moreover, maximum epicardial and endocardial diameters (DEPI and DENDO, respectively) were wider in SUB group than SBB group (2.28 ± 0.30 mm, 2.26 ± 0.40 and 1.60 ± 0.14 mm, 1.59 ± 0.15 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). We observed the same tendency in lesion depth: The total area and volume (ATOT and VTOT) were broader in SUB group than in SBB one (581.01 ± 65.38 mm/mm2, 58.10 ± 6.53 mm/mm3 and 521.97 ± 73.05 mm/mm2, 52.19 ± 7.30 mm/mm3. respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

In contrast with the smaller lesion sizes, the biparietal bipolar group showed a higher transmurality rate. These findings may suggest a better drive of the energy flow when compared with SUB lesions.
Is the world a heap of quantum fragments?
Authors: Iaquinto Samuele , Calosi Claudio
Published: August 2020

Fragmentalism was originally introduced as a new A-theory of time. It was further refined and discussed, and different developments of the original insight have been proposed. In a celebrated paper, Jonathan Simon contends that fragmentalism delivers a new realist account of the quantum state—which he calls conservative realism—according to which: (i) the quantum state is a complete description of a physical system, (ii) the quantum (superposition) state is grounded in its terms, and (iii) the superposition terms are themselves grounded in local goings-on about the system in question. We will argue that fragmentalism, at least along the lines proposed by Simon, does not offer a new, satisfactory realistic account of the quantum state. This raises the question about whether there are some other viable forms of quantum fragmentalism.
A quantum vocal theory of sound
Authors: Rocchesso Davide , Mannone Maria
Published: August 2020

Concepts and formalism from acoustics are often used to exemplify quantum mechanics. Conversely, quantum mechanics could be used to achieve a new perspective on acoustics, as shown by Gabor studies. Here, we focus in particular on the study of human voice, considered as a probe to investigate the world of sounds. We present a theoretical framework that is based on observables of vocal production, and on some measurement apparati that can be used both for analysis and synthesis. In analogy to the description of spin states of a particle, the quantum-mechanical formalism is used to describe the relations between the fundamental states associated with phonetic labels such as phonation, turbulence, and supraglottal myoelastic vibrations. The intermingling of these states, and their temporal evolution, can still be interpreted in the Fourier/Gabor plane, and effective extractors can be implemented. The bases for a quantum vocal theory of sound, with implications in sound analysis and design, are presented.
From perception to action using observed actions to learn gestures
Authors: Fuhl Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Pervasive computing environments deliver a multitude of possibilities for human–computer interactions. Modern technologies, such as gesture control or speech recognition, allow different devices to be controlled without additional hardware. A drawback of these concepts is that gestures and commands need to be learned. We propose a system that is able to learn actions by observation of the user. To accomplish this, we use a camera and deep learning algorithms in a self-supervised fashion. The user can either train the system directly by showing gestures examples and perform an action, or let the system learn by itself. To evaluate the system, five experiments are carried out. In the first experiment, initial detectors are trained and used to evaluate our training procedure. The following three experiments are used to evaluate the adaption of our system and the applicability to new environments. In the last experiment, the online adaption is evaluated as well as adaption times and intervals are shown.
An Instrumental Variable Estimator for Mixed Indicators: Analytic Derivatives and Alternative Parameterizations
Authors: Fisher Zachary F. , Bollen Kenneth A.
Published: August 2020

Methodological development of the model-implied instrumental variable (MIIV) estimation framework has proved fruitful over the last three decades. Major milestones include Bollen’s (Psychometrika 61(1):109–121, 1996) original development of the MIIV estimator and its robustness properties for continuous endogenous variable SEMs, the extension of the MIIV estimator to ordered categorical endogenous variables (Bollen and Maydeu-Olivares in Psychometrika 72(3):309, 2007), and the introduction of a generalized method of moments estimator (Bollen et al., in Psychometrika 79(1):20–50, 2014). This paper furthers these developments by making several unique contributions not present in the prior literature: (1) we use matrix calculus to derive the analytic derivatives of the PIV estimator, (2) we extend the PIV estimator to apply to any mixture of binary, ordinal, and continuous variables, (3) we generalize the PIV model to include intercepts and means, (4) we devise a method to input known threshold values for ordinal observed variables, and (5) we enable a general parameterization that permits the estimation of means, variances, and covariances of the underlying variables to use as input into a SEM analysis with PIV. An empirical example illustrates a mixture of continuous variables and ordinal variables with fixed thresholds. We also include a simulation study to compare the performance of this novel estimator to WLSMV.
Social life cycle assessment of Swedish organic and conventional pork production
Authors: Zira S. , Röös E. , Ivarsson E. , Hoffmann R. , Rydhmer L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Sustainable animal food systems are increasingly important to society. Yet for pork, the most consumed meat product in Europe, there is no social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) in the literature. The breath and complexity of social issues and lack of data makes the task challenging. This study examines the risk of negative social impacts in Swedish pork production systems and includes workers, farmers, consumers, local community, society, and pigs as stakeholders.

Methods

The objective was to assess the risk of negative social impacts for the production and consumption of 1000-kg pork (fork weight—bone free meat including cooking losses) originating from two different systems: organic and conventional pork production. Relevant social sustainability issues for pork production systems were identified through a literature search and a consultative workshop with experts. A life cycle inventory was conducted to collect data for activity variables and compute Social Risk (SR), a measure of the risk of negative social impacts related to a reference (here the average European social conditions). Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to obtain weights for subcategories. The SR scores and the weights were used to calculate Social Risk Time (SRT) that relates the Social Risk to the functional unit by considering the ‘exposure’ to the risk, and the Social Hotspot Index (SHI), which relates the SRT to the worst possible situation for that system.

Results and discussion

The conventional pork system had 42% of inventory indicators with SR > 0.5 and the organic pork system had 32%. For all stakeholders, the pig farm had the largest SRT in both production systems except for workers in the organic pork system where the soybean farm had the largest SRT. In the conventional pork system, society as well as farmers at the pig farm had SHI > 0.5 slightly, meaning performing the same as European average. In the organic pork system, SHI < 0.5 for all stakeholders and subsystems.

Conclusion

Swedish pork production has lower risk of negative social impacts than the average European social conditions for most of the stakeholders: workers, pigs, local community, and consumers. Farmers and society at the subsystem pig farm have the same risk of negative social impacts as the average European social conditions. Due to the dependence of the results of the chosen reference level, the reliance on certification, and the indicators included, results should be interpreted and used with care.
Forest Owners’ Willingness to Implement Measures to Safeguard Biodiversity: Values, Attitudes, Ecological Worldview and Forest Ownership Objectives
Authors: Koskela Terhi , Karppinen Heimo
Published: August 2020

The effective implementation and development of conservation schemes to which participation of forest owners is voluntary, requires an understanding of forest owners’ views on measures to safeguard forest biodiversity. The Forest Biodiversity Program for Southern Finland is currently the most important instrument of voluntary forest conservation in Finland. The aim of this study is to explore what kind of methods the forest owners are willing to implement to safeguard biodiversity in their own forests and to identify forest owner groups based on these views. The aim is also to compare forest owners’ values, attitudes, endorsement of an ecological worldview and objectives for forest ownership as well as the background characteristics in these groups. The data were collected in 2015, by a nationwide mail survey sent to 3000 Finnish family forest owners (n = 1035). Five forest owner types were identified: Conservationists, Moderate conservationists, Compensation oriented, Promoters of biodiversity through forest management and Uninterested. Previous experience of implementation of voluntary measures to safeguard biodiversity and positive attitudes towards conservation were important in explaining the willingness to adopt conservation measures. The results can be utilized in developing voluntary conservation programs and in targeting advisory services related to biodiversity protection to different forest owner groups more accurately. The results support the need for flexible voluntary conservation programs, including a large variety of mechanisms to protect nature values in family owned forests.
Monitoring Thermal Treatments Applied to Meat Using Traditional Methods and Spectroscopic Techniques: a Review of Advances over the Last Decade
Authors: Hassoun Abdo , Aït-Kaddour Abderrahmane , Sahar Amna , Cozzolino Daniel
Published: August 2020

Thermal treatments are often applied during processing or preparation of muscle foods aiming to both improve the palatability and organoleptic properties and to ensure the safety of the treated food. However, the application of inappropriate or severe thermal treatments can lead to undesirable changes in the sensory and nutritional quality of heat-processed products, and especially so for foods that are sensitive to thermal treatments, such as meat and meat products. The impact of traditional and new heat processing technologies (e.g. microwaving, ohmic, and radio frequency heating) on meat quality has been widely assessed by a wide range of conventional methods, such as sensory, microbiological, and physicochemical methods. Due to the destructive nature and the time required to perform these assessments, alternative online methods are highly needed in order to achieve continuous monitoring through online applications. In this review paper, both traditional and new heat processing methods and their impact on the quality of meat will be first briefly presented. The methods and techniques that have been applied to monitor changes induced by application of thermal treatments will be then discussed. The main focus will be put on the application of spectroscopic techniques, as rapid and non-destructive methods compared to most conventional techniques. Finally, future trends and possible applications and research directions will be suggested.
Nickel Content in Human Internal Organs
Authors: Dudek-Adamska Danuta , Lech Teresa , Konopka Tomasz , Kościelniak Paweł
Published: August 2020

With the growing interest in new applications of metals in modern technologies, an increase in their concentration in the environment can be observed, which, in consequence, may constitute a hazard to human health. That is why it is of a great importance to establish “reference” levels of particular elements (essential or toxic) in human biological samples.

The aim of this paper was to determine nickel in autopsy tissues of non-occupationally exposed subjects in Southern Poland (n = 60). Measurements were performed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion according to previously optimized and validated procedure. The results obtained indicate that data cover the wide range of concentrations and generally are consistent with other published findings. Nickel levels in the brain, stomach, liver, kidneys, lungs and heart (wet weight) were between 2.15–79.4 ng/g, 0.5–44.2 ng/g,7.85–519 ng/g, 12.8–725 ng/g, 8.47–333 ng/g and 2.3–97.7 ng/g, respectively. Females had generally lower levels of nickel in tissues than males (statistically significant relationships were found for the liver, kidneys and lungs), and median nickel concentrations in all studied material within all age groups had very similar values, with the exception of stomach.