bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Pharmacological Properties and Structure- Activity of Chrysin Derivatives
Authors: Li Yang , Li Yan-peng , He Jun , Liu Ding , Zhang Qi-zhi , Li Kang , Zheng Xing , Tang Guo-Tao , Guo Yu , Liu Yunmei
Published: April 2018

Chrysin is a natural product of a flavonoid compound. Chemically, chrysin consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C). Biologically, chrysin exerts many different physiological activities. In recent years, with the in-depth development for more active drugs, the synthesis and biological activities of chrysin derivatives have been well studied. Besides, structure-activity relationship of chrysin revealed that the chemical construction meets the critical chemical structural necessities of flavonoids for numerous pharmacological activities. It is generally believed that modified chrysin could be more potent than unmodified chrysin. Different modification in the rings of chrysin could possess various degrees of biological activities. This review aims to summarize the mechanism for the activities of chrysin and its derivatives in different rings. We also explored the relationship between biological function and structure-activity of substituted chrysin derivatives with different functional groups. The influence of chrysin derivatives on the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells is also investigated. Development of novel drugs based on the biological functions of chrysin could better improve clinical outcomes of affected population, especially for tumor patients and diabetic patients.
Validated Chromatographic Methods for the Simultaneous Estimation of Etamsylate and Mefenamic Acid in the Presence of Their Main Impurities
Authors: El-Zaher Asmaa Ahmed , Mahrouse Marianne Alphonse , Al-Ghani Ahmed Mohammed
Published: April 2018

Background:

Etamsylate (ETS), a haemostatic drug, is formulated with mefenamic acid
(MFA) for pain relief.

Objective:

The aim of this work was to develop chromatographic methods for the estimation of ETS
and MFA in the presence of their main impurities. These methods could be used in the routine analysis
in quality control laboratories.

Methods:

The first method was RP-HPLC method, the separation was carried out on an Inertsil® ODS-
3V C18 column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer
adjusted to pH 7 with 0.1 N NaOH (55: 45, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/ min. The detection was carried out
at 220 nm. The second method was a TLC-densitometric method where the studied components were
separated using a developing system composed of dichloromethane: ethyl acetate: methanol: triethylamine
(6: 2: 2: 0.5, v/v/v/v) on TLC silica gel 60 F254 plates, followed by densitometric scanning at 300 nm.

Results:

In RP-HPLC method, the peaks were sharp and well separated, good retention times were obtained.
Linearity was obtained over the concentration range 20-90 µg/ml, for both ETS and MFA. In the
TLC-densitometric method, well separation of drug spots and linear relationship were achieved over the
concentration range of 0.4-2.8 µg/spot, for both ETS and MFA. Method validation was conducted according
to ICH guidelines.

Conclusion:

The developed methods were applied for the determination of the cited drugs in laboratory
prepared mixtures and in tablets containing the two drugs. The methods are simple and precise and can
be used for routine analysis of the drugs in combined dosage forms in quality control laboratories.
A Practical Approach to the Percutaneous Treatment of Iatrogenic Aorto-coronary Dissection
Authors: Kassimis George , Raina Tushar
Published: April 2018

Catheter-induced aortic dissection during coronary angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a relatively infrequent, but potentially life-threatening complication. Patients who suffer this complication may require emergency aortic surgery. More recently, reports of treating the ostium of the dissected coronary artery have emerged as an alternative therapeutic option. In this article we describe two cases of extensive guide catheter induced dissection and their successful treatment using PCI and provide a concise overview of the available literature.
Ammoniacal Nitrogen Stripping From Landfill Leachate at Open Horizontal Flow Reactors
Authors: Leite Valderi D. , Paredes Juliana M.R. , de Sousa Tales A.T. , Lopes Wilton S. , de Sousa José T.
Published: April 2018

The ammonia nitrogen stripping process at open horizontal flow reactors was evaluated and is described in this paper. The ammonia came from landfill leachate. Superficial loads of 650 kgN‐.ha−1.day−1 (phase 1), 750 kgN‐.ha−1.day−1 (phase 2), and 850 kgN‐.ha−1.day−1 (phase 3) were applied with a hydraulic retention time of 51.2, 64.9, and 55.6 days, respectively. The experimental system setup was designed, built, and monitored at EXTRABES (Estação Experimental de Tratamentos Biológicos de Esgotos Sanitários) and consisted of a series of four open horizontal flow reactors fed with in natura leachate. The study was based on a stripping process with no alkaline chemical species addition, nor air flow for ammonium gas drag, and aimed to reduce the landfill leachate ammoniacal nitrogen concentration. The studied process showed a removal efficiency of 99.0% in the first phase, 99.3% in the second, and 99.5% in the third. Regarding the organic matter expressed in terms of CODtotal, the removal efficiency was 69.20% in phase 1, 40.12% in phase 2, and 29.23% in phase 3. It was noted that ammonia removal efficiency was directly proportional to the applied superficial load and the carbonaceous material removal was proportional to the organic matter applied in influent, since in phase 1 the CODtotal concentration removal efficiency was 1.7 times greater than that of phase 2, and 2.3 times that of phase 3. Briefly, the ammonia nitrogen stripping process by open horizontal flow reactor is a promising technological alternative for ammonia nitrogen reduction, mainly at regions with available area and temperature greater than 25°C. It is promising because it has no costs in terms of chemical reagents to raise the pH, nor does it require electric costs.
Effluent Treatment Technologies in the Iron and Steel Industry ‐ A State of the Art Review
Authors: Das Pallabi , Mondal Gautam C. , Singh Siddharth , Singh Abhay K. , Prasad Bably , Singh Krishna K.
Published: April 2018

Iron and steel industry is the principal driving force propelling economic and technological growth of a nation. However, since its inception this industry is associated with widespread environmental pollution and enormous water consumption. Different units of a steel plant discharge effluents loaded with toxic, hazardous pollutants, and unutilized components which necessitates mitigation. In this paper, pollutant removal efficiency, effluent volume product quality, and economic feasibility of existing treatments are studied vis‐à‐vis their merits, demerits, and innovations to access their shortcomings which can be overcome with new technology to identify future research directions. While conventional methods are inadequate for complete remediation and water reclamation, the potential of advanced treatments, like membrane separation, remains relatively untapped. It is concluded that integrated systems combining membrane separation with chemical treatments can guarantee a high degree of contaminant removal, reusability of effluents concurrently leading to process intensification ensuring ecofriendliness and commercial viability.
Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Soil
Authors: Dhanwal Pradeep , Kumar Anil , Dudeja Shruti , Badgujar Hemlata , Chauhan Rohit , Kumar Abhishek , Dhull Poonam , Chhokar Vinod , Beniwal Vikas
Published: April 2018

This study was carried out to analyze the heavy metals biosorption potential of bacteria isolated from soil contaminated with electroplating industrial effluents. Bacterial isolates were screened for their multi‐metal biosorption potential against copper, nickel, lead, and chromium. Bacterial isolate CU4A showed the maximum uptake of copper, nickel, lead, and chromium in aqueous solution, with a biosorption efficiency of 87.16 %, 79.62%, 84.92%, and 68.12%, respectively. The bacterial strain CU4A was identified as Bacillus cereus, following 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The surface chemical functional groups of bacterial biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, and halide, which may be involved in the biosorption of heavy metals. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the adsorption of metals on the bacterial cell mass. The results of this study are significant and could be further investigated for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated environments.
Editorial
Authors: Martínez Osorio Pedro Arturo
Published: April 2018

Editorial
Evolución arquitectónica de la Iglesia y Claustro de las Aguas en Bogotá (1644-1889)
Authors: Pinzón Rivera José Alexander
Published: April 2018

Resumen: El presente artículo responde al cuestionamiento ¿cuál ha sido evolución constructiva del conjunto arquitectónico de Las Aguas durante el periodo colonial?. La respuesta incluyó la identificación, transcripción, comparación y estudio de las fuentes primarias y secundarias: escritos de otros autores, planos, grabados, fotografías, levantamientos. El estudio comparativo permitió identificar acontecimientos como el inicio, los cambios y las permanencias de una construcción que en términos generales surge en medio del proceso de evangelización en la capital del Nuevo Reino y va cambiando de usos frente a hechos como las luchas de independencia, las guerras civiles del siglo XIX y epidemias como la viruela.

___Palabras clave: Arquitectura colonial, Iglesias doctrineras, Conventos, Dominicos, Hospital militar, molinos.

___Abstract: This article responds to the question “what was the constructive evolution of the Architectural Cooperative of ´Las Aguas´, during the colonial period?”  The response to this question includes: the identification, transcription, comparison and study of primary and secondary sources, writings of other authors, plans, prints, photographs and surveys. The comparative study made it possible to identify events such as the beginning, changes and permanence of a construction that in general terms arose in the midst of the process of evangelization in the capital of the “Nuevo Reino.” additionally, during this period the article addresses changes the architectural cooperatives implemented in relation to events such as the struggles for independence, Civil wars of the XIX (19th) Century and epidemics such as smallpox.

___ Keywords: Architecture religious, Doctriners churches, Convents, Dominicos, Military Hospital, Mills.

___Resumo: Este artigo responde ao questionamento sobre o que foi a evolução construtiva do conjunto arquitetônico das Aguas durante o período colonial? A resposta incluiu a identificação, transcrição, comparação e estudo de fontes primárias e secundárias: escritos de outros autores, planos, impressões, fotografias, pesquisas. O estudo comparativo permitiu identificar eventos como a iniciação, mudanças e permanência de uma construção que, em termos gerais, surge no meio do processo de evangelização na capital do Novo Reino e foi mudando seus usos em face de eventos como lutas pela independência, guerras civis do século 19 e epidemias como a varíola.

___Palavras-chave: Arquitetura colonial, igrejas de doutrina, conventos, dominicanos, hospital militar, moinhos.

___Recibido: 9 de junio 2017. Aceptado: 14 de julio de 2017.
Una nueva forma de vivir en el siglo XX: bungalós en la ciudad de Bauru
Authors: Dias Oliveira dos Santos Karla Di Giacomo , Ghirardelo Nilson
Published: April 2018

Resumen: La arquitectura ecléctica se destacó en Brasil, en ciudades del interior paulista, debido a la presencia del café y la riqueza generada por sus plantaciones. Sin embargo, Bauru, no presentó una arquitectura ecléctica expresiva, pero posee, aún hoy, un número significativo de construcciones denominadas bungalow, que obedecían a determinados patrones arquitectónicos, formales, técnicos y constructivos, destinados a la clase media. Incluso, ante su cantidad significativa, todavía es poco estudiado por los expertos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo distinguir esa vivienda como elemento importante en el desarrollo de la arquitectura, reconociéndola como parte del contexto histórico de la ciudad.

___Palabras clave: Bungalós, vivienda, Bauru.

___Abstract: The eclectic architecture stood out in cities of the countryside of São Paulo state in Brazil due to the presence of the coffee and the wealth generated by its plantations.  Although Bauru city did not show an expressive eclectic architecture, it still has until nowadays a significant number of buildings called bungalows, which followed certain architectural, formal, technical and constructive standards for the middle class. Despite its significant amount in the city, it is not well studied by specialists yet. Thus, this work aims to highlight this housing as an important element for the development of architecture, recognizing it as part of the historical context of the city.

___Keywords: Bungalow, housing, Bauru.

___Resumo: A arquitetura eclética destacou-se, no Brasil, em cidades do interior paulista, devido à presença do café e à riqueza gerada por suas plantações. No entanto, Bauru, não apresentou uma arquitetura eclética expressiva, mas possui, ainda hoje, um número significativo de construções denominadas bangalô, que obedecia a determinados padrões arquitetônicos, formais, técnicos e construtivos, destinado à classe média. Mesmo diante de sua quantidade significativa, ainda é pouco estudado pelos especialistas. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo distinguir essa habitação como elemento importante no desenvolvimento da arquitetura, reconhecendo-a como parte do contexto histórico da cidade.

___Palavras – Chave: Bangalô, moradia, Bauru.

___Recibido: 26 de julio 2017. Aceptado: 5 de octubre de 2017.
La ciudad como red y sistema de navegación
Authors: Lopez Altamirano Otniel Josafat , Moura Monica Cristina
Published: April 2018

Resumen: Se exploran los campos del diseño, arquitectura y urbanismo para traer la cuestión de la navegación, que posibilitan la conjugación de puntos en conexión, similar al modelo de red neuronal artificial, internet, las redes hipermedia, o hasta los trazos de la forma urbana que generan patrones de comportamiento y percepción. Los diseños que dan forma e identidad a las ciudades igual que las redes digitales, finalmente funcionan como estructuras de integración, jerarquía, referencias, y elementos que componen configuraciones, haciéndose complejas y ordenadas al mismo tiempo, en constante expansión y sintetización, así como el resultado de la contemporaneidad, siempre reinventándose.
___Palabras clave: design; urbanismo; contemporaneidad; navegación; comunicación.
___Abstract: The information design and architecture-urban, as is the interior of navigation systems that allow the communication process and the conjugation of points in connection similar to the model of artificial neural network, the Internet, hypermedia networks, or even the urban composition traits that form the reticles of cities that generate behavior and perception patterns. The drawings that form and identity to the same cities that digital networks ultimately function as integration structures, hierarchy, references and configurations, which are continuously changing, becoming complex and arranged to same time, constantly expanding and sintering, as a result of contemporary always reinvent themselves.
___Keywords: design, urbanism, contemporary, navigation, communication.
___Resumo: Explorar os campos do design, arquitetura e urbanismo para trazer a questão da navegação, que possibilitam a conjugação de pontos em conexão, similar ao modelo de rede neural artificial, internet, as redes hipermídias, ou até os traços de composição urbana que geram padrões de comportamento e percepção. Os desenhos que dão forma e identidade às cidades igual que as redes digitais, finalmente funcionam como estruturas de integração, hierarquia, referências, e elementos que compõem configurações, tornando-se complexas e ordenadas ao mesmo tempo, em constante expansão e sintetização, assim como resultado da contemporaneidade, sempre se reinventando.
___Palavras- chave: design, urbanismo, contemporaneidade, navegação, comunicação.
___Recibido: 1 de junio 2017. Aceptado: 1 de septiembre de 2017.
Habitar y des-habitar el rio Fucha: movimientos de auto gestión para la sostenibilidad ambiental
Authors: Mendoza Jaramillo Alejandro
Published: April 2018

Resumen: El proceso de apropiación del territorio por parte de las comunidades, mediante la negociación colectiva y política, permite resolver y definir las relaciones entre diversos actores. De esta manera, el objetivo del presente artículo es describir el panorama actual de la cuenca hídrica en los aspectos señalados de la dimensión social al tiempo que destaca el potencial que ofrecen las actividades de autogestión ciudadana para hacer frente a los problemas que presenta el territorio específico. Con estas conclusiones interpretativas (que señalan aportes, oportunidades de mejora y dificultades), se busca rescatar aquellas “buenas prácticas” o actividades de autogestión que desde las comunidades se pueden encontrar en pro de recuperación del río.

___Palabras clave: territorialidad hídrica, autogestión, río Fucha, proyecto urbano, sostenibilidad social, ríos urbanos.

___Abstract: The process of appropriation of the territory by the communities, through collective and political negotiation, allows to solve and define the relationships between different actors. In this way, the objective of this article is to describe the current panorama of the water territoriality in the indicated aspects of the social dimension while highlighting the potential offered by the self-management activities of citizens to deal with the problems presented by the specific territory. With these interpretative conclusions (which point out contributions, opportunities for improvement and difficulties), it seeks to rescue those "good practices" or self-management activities that can be found in the communities for the recovery of the river.

 ___Keywords: water territoriality, self-management, Fucha river, urban project, social sustainability, urban rivers.

___Resumo: O processo de apropriação do território pelas comunidades, através da negociação coletiva e política, permite resolver e definir as relações entre diferentes atores. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever o panorama atual da bacia hidrográfica nos aspectos indicados da dimensão social, destacando o potencial oferecido pelas atividades de autogestão dos cidadãos para lidar com os problemas apresentados pelo território específico. Com essas conclusões interpretativas (que apontam contribuições, oportunidades de melhoria e dificuldades), busca resgatar as "boas práticas" ou atividades de autogestão que podem ser encontradas nas comunidades para promover a recuperação do rio.

___Palavras-chave: territorialidade da água, autogestão, Rio Fucha, projeto urbano, sustentabilidade social, rios urbanos.

___Recibido: 14 de agosto 2017. Aceptado: 9 de octubre de 2017.
Proceso de regularización de un asentamiento originado en propiedad privada en Villa de Álvarez, Colima
Authors: Ceballos Ceballos María Fernanda , Chávez González Martha E.
Published: April 2018

Resumen: La irregularidad es un fenómeno que se ha estudiado ampliamente en Latinoamérica, principalmente la surgida en zonas ejidales; pero poco se ha estudiado aquella en suelo de propiedad privada. Este trabajo analiza el caso de un asentamiento de la ciudad de Villa de Álvarez, Colima, en el Occidente de México, producto de una invasión impulsada por la autoridad local para reubicar a un grupo de personas que vivían en una zona de riesgo. Los elementos clave fueron la coordinación de la autoridad, la participación social y las facilidades del propietario para que se pudiera regularizar, situación poco común en México.

___Palabras clave: regularización de asentamientos informales, propiedad privada, México.

___Abstract: Irregularity is a phenomenon that has been extensively studied in Latin America, mainly that one emerged in ejidal zones; but just few has been studied on privately owned land. This paper analyzes the case of a settlement in Villa de Alvarez city, Colima, in Mexico´s western, as a result of an invasion by the local authority to relocate a group of people who´s lived in a risk area. The key elements were the authority´s coordination, social participation and the owner's facilities for regularization´s process, uncommon situation in Mexico.

___Keywords: regularization of Informal Settlements, private property, Mexico.

___Resumo: A irregularidade é um fenômeno que tem sido amplamente estudado na América Latina, principalmente o que surgiu nas zonas ejidais; mas pouco foi estudado em terras de propriedade privada. Este artigo analisa o caso de um assentamento na cidade de Villa de Álvarez, Colima, no oeste do México, como resultado de uma invasão da autoridade local para mudar um grupo de pessoas que vivem em uma área em risco. Os elementos-chave foram a coordenação da autoridade, a participação social e as instalações do proprietário para que pudesse ser regularizado, uma situação incomum no México.

___Palavras-chave: regularização de assentamentos informais, propriedade privada, México.

___Recibido: 19 de julio 2017. Aceptado: 2 de agosto de 2017.
Integración hombre–hábitat y templo ceremonial Unguma de la comunidad Wiwa
Authors: Pardo Alvarado Yovannys , Quesada Pombo Hernando Luis
Published: April 2018

Resumen: La investigación arquitectónica colombiana que vincula el hombre, hábitat y espacio sagrado, durante los últimos años, carece de una visión holística sobre la habitabilidad contemporánea y ancestral. Se presenta un análisis meta-reflexivo de integración hombre–hábitat con relación al templo ceremonial Unguma en la comunidad Wiwa de Colombia. La investigación es exploratoria abordada de manera epistemológica y etnohistórica, enfoque cualitativo. Como resultados se describen el espacio y la forma del templo en relación a parámetros temporales, sociales, y con relación a los sujetos. El hábitat integral es una condición compleja, diversos mecanismos intervienen en la relación hombre y su habitabilidad.

___Palabras clave: integración hombre–hábitat; templo ceremonial Unguma; comunidad Wiwa; análisis meta-reflexivo.

___Abstract: Colombian architectural research that links man, habitat and sacred space, during the last few years, lacks a holistic view on contemporary and ancestral habitability. A meta-reflexive analysis of man-habitat integration is presented in relation to the Unguma ceremonial temple in the Wiwa community in Colombia. The research is exploratory addressed in an epistemological and ethnohistorical way, qualitative approach. As results, the space and the shape of the temple are described in relation to temporal, social parameters, and in relation to the subjects. The integral habitat is a complex condition, various mechanisms intervene in the human relationship and its habitability.

___Keywords: man-habitat integration; Unguma ceremonial temple, Wiwa community, meta-reflexive analysis.

___Resumo: A pesquisa arquitetônica colombiana que liga homem, habitat e espaço sagrado, nos últimos anos, carece de uma visão holística da habitabilidade contemporânea e ancestral. Uma análise meta-reflexiva da integração homem-habitat é apresentada em relação ao templo cerimonial Unguma na comunidade Wiwa na Colômbia. A pesquisa é exploratória abordada de forma epistemológica e etno-histórica, foco qualitativa. Como resultados, o espaço e a forma do templo são descritos em relação aos parâmetros temporais, sociais e em relação aos sujeitos. O habitat integral é uma condição complexa, vários mecanismos intervêm no relacionamento humano e sua habitabilidade.

___Palavras-chave: integração homem-habitat; templo cerimonial Unguma; comunidade Wiwa; análise meta-reflexiva.

___Recibido: 15 de agosto de 2017. Aceptado: 20 de noviembre de 2017.
Design participativo para la innovación social
Authors: Fernandez dos Santos Gabriel , Dos Reis Pereira Marco Antonio
Published: April 2018

Resumen: En la contemporaneidad, la innovación social se presenta como una alternativa en la búsqueda de soluciones de problemas específicos. En ese sentido, en conjunto con dos comunidades urbanas socioeconómicamente carentes en la ciudad de Bauru, SP., Brasil, este estudio concibió dos pequeñas estructuras. El método abordado fue el de la investigación-participante, buscando articular actividades de un diseño participativo junto a los moradores de las comunidades. Los principales materiales empleados fueron el bambú y los residuos, ambos locales. La aproximación del diseñador con los habitantes posibilitó planear, proyectar y construir las estructuras, demostrando la viabilidad de que se generen nuevos componentes constructivos más sostenibles y, de ese modo, alineados a las necesidades actuales.

___Palabras clave: design; design participativo; innovación social, componentes constructivos; bambú.

___Abstract: In contemporary social innovation presents itself as an alternative in the search for solutions to specific problems. In this regard, in conjunction with two socioeconomically disadvantaged urban communities in the city of Bauru, SP., Brazil, this study has devised two small structures. The method discussed was the research participant, in order to articulate some participatory design activities among community residents. The main materials used were bamboo and waste, both locations. The approach of the designer with the residents allowed to plan, design and produce the structures, demonstrating the viability of new components to generate more sustainable construction and thus aligned with current needs.

___Keywords: design; participatory design; social innovation; constructive components; bamboo.

___Resumo: No contemporâneo, a inovação social apresenta-se como uma alternativa na busca por soluções de problemas específicos. Nesse sentido, em conjunto com duas comunidades urbanas socioeconomicamente carentes na cidade de Bauru, SP., Brasil, este estudo concebeu duas pequenas estruturas. O método abordado foi o da pesquisa-participante, visando articular atividades de um design participativo junto dos moradores das comunidades. Os principais materiais empregues foram o bambu e resíduos, ambos locais. A aproximação do designer com os moradores possibilitou planejar, projetar e confeccionar as estruturas, demonstrando a viabilidade de serem gerados novos componentes construtivos mais sustentáveis e, desse modo, alinhados às atuais necessidades.

___Palavras-chave: design; design participativo; inovação social, componentes construtivos; bambu.

___Recibido: 30 de julio 2017. Aceptado: 17 de septiembre de 2017.
Caracterización ecológica del área geográfica del nuevo Centro Administrativo Municipal de la Ciudad de Sincelejo
Authors: Campo Portacio Diana Marcela
Published: April 2018

Resumen: Se caracterizó ecológicamente el área geográfica en la cual se desarrollará el nuevo Centro Administrativo Municipal de Sincelejo, con el objetivo de diseñar lineamientos que permitan disminuir impactos negativos sobre el ecosistema natural y articular la planeación urbanística al mismo. Se realizó un inventario florístico y faunístico de la zona, y se caracterizaron los componentes abióticos. Se encontró que la zona es hábitat de especies vegetales y animales que ofrecen servicios ecológicos importantes para los ciudadanos, por lo cual deben ser preservados. La intervención urbanística es necesaria, se debe prestar especial atención para no comprometer la estabilidad del ecosistema natural.

___Palabras clave: estructura ecológica principal, lineamientos, centro administrativo municipal.

___Abstract: The geographical area in which the new Municipal Administrative Center of Sincelejo will be developed was ecologically characterized, with the aim of designing guidelines that would allow to reduce negative impacts on the natural ecosystem and to articulate the urban planning to it. A floristic and faunistic inventory of the area was carried out, and the abiotic components were characterized. It was found that the area is a habitat for plant and animal species that offer ecological services that are important to citizens and should be preserved. Urban intervention is necessary, special attention must be paid not to compromise the stability of the natural ecosystem.

___Keywords: ecological structure, guidelines, administrative municipal center.

___Resumo: A área geográfica em que o novo Centro Administrativo Municipal de Sincelejo será desenvolvido foi caracterizada ecologicamente, com o objetivo de projetar diretrizes que permitiriam reduzir os impactos negativos no ecossistema natural e articular o planejamento urbano para ele. Foi realizado um inventário florístico e faunístico da área, e os componentes abióticos foram caracterizados. Verificou-se que a área é um habitat para espécies vegetais e animais que oferecem serviços ecológicos importantes para os cidadãos e devem ser preservados. A intervenção urbana é necessária, atenção especial deve ser dada para não comprometer a estabilidade do ecossistema natural.

___Palavras-chave: estrutura ecológica principal, diretrizes, centro administrativo municipal.

___Recibido: 2 de febrero 2017. Aceptado: 11 de agosto de 2017.
Cerro de Albornoz, participación ciudadana y apuestas en el desarrollo integral del territorio
Authors: Domínguez Machado Jánice
Published: April 2018

Resumen: Se describe la conformación de organizaciones sociales en el territorio del Cerro de Albornoz, localizado en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, creados con la finalidad de jalonar esfuerzos para la mejora barrial, calidad de vida, bienestar y el deseo de fortalecer asociaciones para materializar cambios positivos en el sector. Se analizan relatos de los pobladores y se presentan propuestas conducentes a propiciar herramientas que faciliten y empoderen la organización social para la transformación individual y social. Se espera que estos cambios se traduzcan en fortalecimiento comunitario en dicho sector y confianza institucional para el desarrollo integral de su territorio.

___Palabras clave: organizaciones sociales, empoderamiento comunitario, desarrollo urbano.

___Abstract: It describes the formation of social organizations in the Albornoz hill, located in the city of Cartagena de Indias, created with the aim of enhancing efforts for neighborhood improvement, quality of life, wellbeing and the desire to strengthen partnerships to materialize changes positive in the sector. Population accounts are analyzed and proposals are presented that are conducive to providing tools that facilitate and empower social organization for individual and social transformation. These changes are expected to translate into community strengthening in that sector and institutional confidence for the integral development of its territory.

 ___Keywords: social organizations, community empowerment, urban development.

___Resumo: Descreve-se a formação de organizações sociais no morro de Albornoz, localizado na cidade de Cartagena de Indias, criado com o objetivo de aprimorar os esforços de melhoria de bairro, qualidade de vida, bem-estar e desejo de fortalecer parcerias para materializar mudanças positivo no setor. As contas da população são analisadas e são apresentadas propostas que são propícias ao fornecimento de ferramentas que facilitam e capacita a organização social para a transformação individual e social. Espera-se que essas mudanças se traduzam em fortalecimento da comunidade nesse setor e confiança institucional para o desenvolvimento integral de seu território.

 ___Palavras–chave: organizações sociais, capacitação da comunidade, desenvolvimento urbano.

___Recibido: 12 de mayo 2017. Aceptado: 20 de octubre de 2017.
Acute HIV Infection in Youth: Protocol for the Adolescent Trials Network 147 (ATN147) Comprehensive Adolescent Research and Engagement Studies (CARES) Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nielsen-Saines Karin , Mitchell Kate , Kerin Tara , Fournier Jasmine , Kozina Leslie , Andrews Brenda , Cortado Ruth , Bolan Robert , Flynn Risa , Rotheram Mary Jane , Abdalian Sue Ellen , Bryson Yvonne ,   Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) CARES Team
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Early treatment studies have shown that prompt treatment of HIV with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can limit the size of latent viral reservoirs, thereby providing clinical and public health benefits. Studies have demonstrated that adolescents have a greater capacity for immune reconstitution than adults. Nevertheless, adolescents who acquired HIV through sexual transmission have not been included in early treatment studies because of challenges in identification and adherence to cART.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify and promptly treat with cART youth aged 12 to 24 years in Los Angeles and New Orleans who have acute, recent, or established HIV infection, as determined by Fiebig stages 1 to 6 determined by viral RNA polymerase chain reaction, p24 antigen presence, and HIV-1 antigen Western blot. The protocol recommends treatment on the day of diagnosis when feasible. Surveillance and dedicated behavioral strategies are used to retain them in care and optimize adherence. Through serial follow-up, HIV biomarkers and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are assessed. The study aims to assess viral dynamics, decay and persistence of viral reservoirs over time, and correlate these data with the duration of viral suppression.

METHODS

A total of 72 youth (36 acutely infected and 36 treatment naïve controls) are enrolled across clinical sites using a current community-based strategy and direct referrals. Youth are prescribed ART according to the standard of care HIV-1 management guidelines and followed for a period of 2 years. Assessments are conducted at specific time points throughout these 2 years of follow-up for monitoring of adherence to ART, viral load, magnitude of HIV reservoirs, and presence of coinfections.

RESULTS

The study began enrolling youth in July 2017 across study sites in Los Angeles and New Orleans. As of September 30, 2018, a total of 37 youth were enrolled, 12 with recently acquired, 16 with established HIV infection as determined by Fiebig staging, and 9 pending determination of Fiebig status. Recruitment and enrollment are ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

We hypothesize that the size of the HIV reservoir and immune activation markers will be different across groups treated with cART, that is, those with acute or recent HIV infection and those with established infection. Adolescents treated early who are virally suppressed will have diminished HIV reservoirs than those with established infection. These youth may be potential candidates for a possible HIV vaccine and additional HIV remission intervention trials. Our study will inform future studies of viral remission strategies.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/10807
Breast Cancer Survivors’ Experiences With an Activity Tracker Integrated Into a Supervised Exercise Program: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Hoi San , Gal Roxanne , van Sleeuwen Niek C , Brombacher Aarnout C , IJsselsteijn Wijnand A , May Anne M , Monninkhof Evelyn M
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

There is growing evidence that physical activity is related to a better prognosis after a breast cancer diagnosis, whereas sedentary behavior is associated with worse outcomes. It is therefore important to stimulate physical activity and reduce sedentary time among patients with breast cancer. Activity trackers offer a new opportunity for interventions directed at stimulating physical activity behavior change.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the experience of patients with breast cancer who used an activity tracker in addition to a supervised exercise intervention in the randomized UMBRELLA Fit trial.

METHODS

A total of 10 patients with breast cancer who completed cancer treatment participated in semistructured in-depth interviews about their experience with and suggestions for improvements for the Jawbone UP2 activity tracker.

RESULTS

The activity tracker motivated women to be physically active and created more awareness of their (sedentary) lifestyles. The women indicated that the automatically generated advice (received via the Jawbone UP app) lacked individualization and was not applicable to their personal situations (ie, having been treated for cancer). Furthermore, women felt that the daily step goal was one-dimensional, and they preferred to incorporate other physical activity goals. The activity tracker’s inability to measure strength exercises was a noted shortcoming. Finally, women valued personal feedback about the activity tracker from the physiotherapist.

CONCLUSIONS

Wearing an activity tracker raised lifestyle awareness in patients with breast cancer. The women also reported additional needs not addressed by the system. Potential improvements include a more realistic total daily physical activity representation, personalized advice, and personalized goals.
Varenicline and Bupropion for Long-Term Smoking Cessation (the MATCH Study): Protocol for a Real-World, Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Zawertailo Laurie , Mansoursadeghi-Gilan Tara , Zhang Helena , Hussain Sarwar , Le Foll Bernard , Selby Peter
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Varenicline and bupropion are efficacious, prescription-only pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation; however, their real-world impact is limited by prescriber knowledge, affordability, and accessibility.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of the MATCH (Medication Aids for Tobacco Cessation Health) study was to evaluate the real-world, long-term effectiveness of mailed bupropion and varenicline in a sample of interested smokers with the utilization of Web-based recruitment and follow-up. In addition, the study aims to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic predictors of cessation.

METHODS

This is a two-group, parallel block, randomized (1:1) open-label clinical trial. This study will be conducted online with the baseline enrollment through the study’s website and follow-up by emails. In addition, medication prescriptions will be filled by the study contract pharmacy and couriered to participants. Individuals who smoke ≥10 cigarettes per day and intend to quit within the next 30 days will be recruited through Public Health Units and Tobacco Control Area Networks throughout Ontario by word-of-mouth and the internet. Eligible participants will receive an email with a prescription for 12-week assigned medication and a letter to take to their physician. The recruitment and randomization will continue until 500 participants per arm have received medication. All participants will receive weekly motivational emails during the treatment phase. The primary outcome measure is the smoking status after 6 months, biochemically confirmed by mailed-in salivary cotinine. Follow-ups will be conducted through emails after 4, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks of starting the treatment to assess the smoking prevalence and continuous smoking abstinence. In addition, mailed-in saliva samples will be used for genetic and nicotine metabolism analyses. Furthermore, personality characteristics will be assessed using the Big Five Aspect Scales.

RESULTS

The project was funded in 2014 and enrollment was completed in January 2017. Data analysis is currently underway.

CONCLUSIONS

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to mass distribute prescription medications for smoking cessation. We expect this method to be logistically feasible and cost effective with quit outcomes that are comparable to published clinical trials.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02146911; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02146911 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72CZ6AvXZ)

REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER

RR1-10.2196/10826
El rol de la capacidad institucional como medida de adaptación frente a eventos de precipitación extrema en el noroeste de México
Authors: Montijo Galindo Abril , Ruiz-Luna Arturo
Published: April 2018

El cambio climático incrementa la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos de precipitación extrema, por lo que se analizó el papel de respuesta que tiene la capacidad institucional para confrontar los efectos negativos de dichos eventos en el noroeste de México. Se revisaron estudios de caso para identificar los factores que más influyen en la construcción de la capacidad institucional, y discutir los elementos comunes utilizados para evaluarla, así como la importancia de realizar estudios locales. Se concluye que las  capacidades institucionales están enmarcadas en un mismo esquema regulatorio, a pesar de las diferencias regionales en términos de desarrollo y exposición, que reflejan las políticas públicas que rigen a escala nacional o estatal, poco consideradas por otros órdenes de gobierno, y donde es evidente la ausencia de ordenamientos territoriales que ayuden a su fortalecimiento.
Project-Based Learning Method in Teaching English Speaking Skill For Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 3 Malang
Authors: Khoiriyah Khoiriyah , Setyaningrum Rina
Published: April 2018

Project-Based Learning Method in Teaching English Speaking Skill For Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 3 Malang
YOUNG PEOPLE AND VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES. NEW WAYS OF LEARNING AND OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY
Authors: Rivera-Vargas Pablo , Miño-Puigcercós Raquel
Published: April 2018

This paper is based on a research project developed in Spain, where we explored how and what young people learn in virtual communities. Although the term virtual community has been broadly used to approach online social interactions, it has generated several academic debates. Nevertheless, it is a useful term to define a social network made up mostly of young people who share an interest and choose to interact online with others to discuss, exchange, show their creations to the world, and promote certain values. As researchers on Sociology and Education, we find this phenomenon especially intriguing. We wonder why young people engage in virtual communities, why they should spend so much time interacting with others online and what benefits they consider they have. Our hypothesis is that it has to do with a shared sense of belonging to a community and the possibilities young people find to create opportunities to learn with and from each other. The results of this article are based on the analysis of seven case studies conducted in virtual communities, and they address two main questions: what leads young people to participate in virtual communities and how is learning and social participation promoted through virtual communities.
The First EdTech Winter School: Methodological Contributions for Digital Inclusion with Ascending Pedagogical Sense
Authors: González López Ledesma Alejo , Ferrante Luicina , Muniz Serrana
Published: April 2018

This review presents the First EdTech Winter School: “Emerging trends and new horizons in the study of education and technology”, organized by Fundación Ceibal in 2017, and its contributions to the conceptualization of teacher training in Argentina and Uruguay. In this three-dimensional approach, the characteristics of teacher education in these countries are first described. Next, the provocation methodology, presented at the event by one of the invited researchers, is discussed and explained in detail. Finally, the possibilities and challenges that this methodology offers for the regional projects of educational technology inclusion are outlined.
The automated laser comparator for calibration of digital equipment leveling
Authors: Prusakov A.N. , Spiridonov A.I. , Prusakov A.A.
Published: April 2018

Describes a device and methods for automated laser comparator for calibration of digital leveling equipment. The comparator created by the technology of the Finnish Geodetic Institute and placed in the building of the geodetic calibration laboratory of geodetic polygon of FSBE “Centre of geodesy, cartography and SDI”. Shows the main technical characteristics, modes of operation and basic procedures in the calibration of bar-code leveling rods. It is noted that the comparator is a complex measuring system in the form of high-precision optical-electronic stand, consisting of individual mechanical, optical and electronic components and assemblies. One of the features of the design of the comparator is the vertical positioning of its component parts, which allows to determine the error of position of the strokes of the scale of the rod in a working position. Based on the results of verification receive corrections to readings on a rod scale and a linear coefficient of expansion of the material from which rod is made. Lists the possible measurement errors in the verification process and the peculiarities of metrological assurance of operation of the comparator. Formulated one of the immediate tasks in the testing of the comparator
The experiment on assessment of point position accuracy at the manual digitizing of a raster map
Authors: Kharchenko S.V. , Kazakov S.G.
Published: April 2018

The article gives a part of an experiment on determining the most common errors in the digitization of objects of different topological types, namely considering errors in the setting of points. The experiment was performed in 2015–2017 on the basis of the Kursk State University, the number of participants was 63 people. Each of them digitized 30 points in four scales of the display (that is, 120 points from a subject). Then the directions and absolute values of the errors were determined. According to these initial data it was established that the widespread model of errors in the setting of points, defined by two-dimensional normal distribution, in many cases does not correspond to reality (was not observed with more than half of the subjects). The hypothesis of the equability of error directions was proved even to a lesser degree, since the majority had its own characteristic direction of error (most often this was displacement of the position of the point from the true to the southeast, least of all to the northwest). 45 out of 63 subjects demonstrated an uneven distribution of directions of setting points around the true position. The absolute value of the allowed errors in meters is proportional to the scale of the display, but is unchanged in pixels of the screen. The median error is approximately 1 pix, the 99th quantile of the distribution of error values corresponds to 4,1 pix. The results of the experiment make it possible to choose in advance the optimum scale of the digitization of the raster (not too large and not too shallow) in order to achieve the required quality of vectorization.
Сontrast evaluation of digital aerial and satellite images
Authors: Kadnichanskiy S.A.
Published: April 2018

The article shows the relevance of numerical evaluation of digital aerial and satellite images’ contrast as one of their main characteristics, which is important for photointerpretation. The formulae for expressing the numerical values of the contrast from a variety of sources are presented and analyzed. An example of images and their contrast with different formulae clearly show the inadequacy of the estimates of the contrast for some of the formulae and it allows you to select the most appropriate mathematical expression of the contrast. Enhancements to expressions numerical parameters for an evaluation of the contrast of the digital image were proposed. One of the proposed formulae is appropriate for general evaluation and another one for the assessment of local contrast, which can also be used to assess the effectiveness of the use of the entire scale of possible brightness values of the pixels, i.e. the bit of the digital image. Examples of evaluation of using these formulae were given.