bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin G kappa biclonal gammopathy associated with multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma and cast nephropathy
Authors: Pradhan Dinesh , Arora Prerna , Gami Ashmita , Kaur Neeraj
Published: October 2015

Biclonal gammopathies are characterized by simultaneous appearance of two different monoclonal proteins. Multiclonal gammopathies may be the result of a neoplastic transformation of a cell clone undergoing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching or due to an independent neoplastic transformation event yielding proliferation of unrelated plasma cell clones. This in turn has implication on the disease manifestation, progression, prognosis and response to therapy. The prevalence of biclonal gammopathy is approximately 1% of all gammopathies and the most common combinations are IgG and IgA (33%), followed by IgM and IgG (24%). Multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy is very uncommon. The present case corresponds to an extremely rare occurrence of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy revealing expression of two distinct monoclonal gammaglobulins both of IgG and kappa (κ) subtype in a 56-year-old diabetic man who presented with lower back pain and renal failure. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of IgG κ biclonal gammopathy associated with multiple myeloma have been reported in English literature. This case interestingly also had paraspinal plasmacytoma and cast nephropathy.
Dying after cure
Authors: Veneroni Laura , Ferrari Andrea , Massimino Maura , Alfredo Clerici C.
Published: October 2015

Although suicide among childhood cancer survivors is rare, there is still a significantly higher risk in this population than in healthy adolescents. A 17-year-old girl cured of Burkitt lymphoma committed suicide after completing her treatment. She had never previously shown signs of psychological suffering and was in good general health. This case made the operators wonder how this tragic possibility might be prevented. It is essential for the ongoing monitoring of the psychological and social suffering of young people during follow-up programs to be assured by a multidisciplinary team involved in the patient′s global care.
Carcinoma prostate with gastric metastasis
Authors: Bhandari Virendra , Pant Siddharth
Published: October 2015

Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy in males and it commonly manifests with bony metastasis in India, but occasionally visceral metastasis to lungs and liver may also be seen. Metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is very rare. In literature, we could find six cases only. We present here 7th patient of carcinoma prostate, which metastasized to stomach. He had epigastric pain, which was mistaken initially with analgesic induced acid peptic disease abut later, on endoscopy a gastric nodule was seen. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of this confirmed it to be metastasis from prostate. This visceral metastasis to stomach usually spreads through lymphatic′s rather than by hematogenous route. This case is being presented because of its rare occurrence.
Successful treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with gefitinib after erlotinib-induced severe eyelid erosion
Authors: Asai Nobuhiro , Ohkuni Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Etsuro , Kaneko Norihiro
Published: October 2015

Gefitinib and erlotinib are first-generation, small, molecular inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). Even as these drugs have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), drug-induced adverse effects are commonly seen. We experienced two cases of NSCLC patients who developed erlotinib-induced eyelid erosion and were then successfully treated with gefitinib, without recurrence of toxicity or disease progression. As far as we had investigated, this is the first report documenting the successful cases treated with gefitinib after erlotinib-related severe eyelid erosion.
Coexistence of tuberculosis with histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Aggarwal Riti , Rao Seema
Published: October 2015

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an exceedingly rare hematolymphoid neoplasm of histiocytic lineage. We report a case of 25-year-old Woman who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and ascites. There was no personal or family history of tuberculosis (TB). Histopathological examination of omental and peritoneal biopsy revealed TB while mesenteric lymph node showed HS. This case highlights the fact that a patient may be harboring coexistent malignancy/lymphoma along with TB. Therefore, the clinician should have a high index of suspicion, especially when there is therapeutic failure to antitubercular drugs (ATT) and persistence of fever or generalized lymphadenopathy. Sometimes, there may be surprising presence of uncommon malignancies, like in our case, where we found HS with TB. Since both diseases share similar clinical and radiological features, it is highly possible that one may not look further, once one of these is diagnosed.
Primary malignant non-hodgkin lymphoma of the talus
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Dharra Neetu
Published: October 2015

Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is a relatively uncommon entity. It represents approximately 5% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and 3% of all bone malignancies. The femur, tibia, and pelvis are the most common skeletal sites involved. It can occur at any age, with a peak incidence in the fourth and fifth decades. The most common grade identified is intermediate, followed by low-grade lesions. It can mimic other disease processes, especially infection. So, thorough and prompt investigatory workup is essential for adequate treatment. Localized disease responds well to combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is associated with good prognosis. We discuss the clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment in a case of PBL involving the talus. This is an unique clinical presentation owing to its unusual site.
Efficacy of pegaspargase in extra nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma nasal type
Authors: Xiong Xingan , Cai Zhiqiang , Yang Jiyuan , Shu Xiaoyan
Published: October 2015

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a rare and highly aggressive disease with a grim prognosis. There is no known satisfactory treatment. The author herein to report one case of L-asparaginase extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma primary treated with L-asparaginase methotrexate and dexamethasone.
Nonconcomitant metachronous triple mesenchymal benign tumors in a child
Authors: Ragavan Munisamy , Duraiprabhu Anbazhagan , Koshy Eapen , Sugandhan Selvendran , Srinivasan Chakravarthy , Sarvavinothini Janarthanam
Published: October 2015

Two or more primary neoplastic lesions are very rare in children. We report a child who is first of its kind in English literature who presented with noncontiguous metachronous lipoma, chondroma, and fibrolipoma.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the prostate
Authors: Liao Chunli , Wu Xingcheng , Wang Xiaojing , Li Hanzhong
Published: October 2015

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the prostate is one of the most aggressive tumors and a rare, uncommon clinical disease entity with a very poor prognosis. We reported a case of PNET in the prostate of a 49-year-old man and diagnosed through a biopsy. The patient underwent chemotherapy followed by adjuvant external radiation therapy without cystoprostatectomy as recommended, and 2 years later there is no sign of recurrence or distant metastasis. The patient had a good recovery and satisfactory outcomes in the follow-up. The successful treatment of PNET in the prostate in our case without surgery will provide a good therapeutic regime for reference until now.
Primary laryngeal peripheral T-cell lymphoma-An autopsy report with review of literature
Authors: Uthamalingam Preithy , Bal Amanjit , Malhotra Pankaj , Rabindranath E.
Published: October 2015

Primary laryngeal non-Hodgkin′s lymphomas are very rare constituting 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Of these, the peripheral T-cell lymphomas are extremely rare with <10 case reports in English literature. Laryngeal lymphomas are clinically confused with the more common laryngeal malignancies like squamous cell carcinoma, thus, histopathological examination is mandatory for diagnosing, sub-typing and guiding therapy for these lymphomas. We report a case of rare primary laryngeal peripheral T-cell lymphoma with autopsy findings.
Astroblastoma of cerebrum
Authors: Narayan Satya , Kapoor Akhil , Singhal Mukesh Kumar , Jakhar Shankar Lal , Bagri Puneet Kumar , Rajput Prakash Singh , Kumar Harvindra Singh
Published: October 2015

Astroblastoma is a rare neuroepithelial primary brain tumor of uncertain origin. They form 0.45-2.8% of all the neuroglial tumors. This tumor is usually localized in the cerebral hemisphere of young adults and children. The authors report a case of low-grade astroblastoma in a 16-year-old male and review the relevant literature. The patient presented with 2 months history of progressive headache with projectile vomiting for last 2 months. He underwent gross total resection of the lesion through right temporo-occipital craniotomy. Since tumor showed no evidence of high-grade lesion, adjuvant radiotherapy was not planned. However, the patient developed recurrence of the tumor after 12 months. Localized three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was planned. In patients harboring anaplastic astroblastoma, gross-total resection and adjuvant therapy after the initial surgery seems to be the best choice. They can be easily misdiagnosed as they are rarely encountered in clinical practice and share common radiological and histopathologic appearance with other glial neoplasms.
Unusual metastatic presentation of carcinoma hypopharynx
Authors: Niharika D. , Sunder Sham , Narayanan Geeta S. , Nandennavar Manjunath
Published: October 2015

Cutaneous metastases from hypopharyngeal cancers is rare constituting about 0.8-1.3% and represent a sub-group of head and neck cancer patients who have very poor prognosis even when treated. We report a case of 65-year-old male diagnosed as carcinoma hypo pharynx stage IV who was on radiotherapy when he developed cutaneous metastasis over the chest wall, which initially presented as small nodules and later progressed into a proliferative lesion. Patient received further radiation to the metastatic lesion, but the disease was progressive, demonstrating that head and neck squamous cell cancer patients with skin metastasis fare poorly.
A rare case of multicentric carcinoma left breast synchronous with carcinoma right lung
Authors: Tanawade Prasad , Misra Shagun , Yathiraj Prahlad , Agarwal Jai Prakash
Published: October 2015

Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) are a known phenomenon. We present a rare case of multicentric carcinoma of left breast synchronous with carcinoma of right lung. There was a diagnostic dilemma about the nature of the lung lesion, which otherwise would have been labeled as a metastasis from the breast primary; however, the immunohistochemistry markers distinguished between the two. The challenges in delivering radiotherapy in such not-so-conventional situations have been discussed. In spite of snag situation, patient can be treated safely with modern techniques and acceptable morbidities.
Apropos of a case of cutaneous metastasis from laryngeal cancer with review of literature
Authors: Trehan Romeeta , Pandey Awadhesh K. , Khosla Divya , Dimri Kislay , Punia Rampal S.
Published: October 2015

Cutaneous metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma is a rare occurrence. A 55-year-old male patient with supraglottic cancer was treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Eighteen months later, he presented with ulceroproliferative growth on dorsum of the right hand. Biopsy revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Further investigations revealed underlying bone destruction with lung metastasis. In view of poor general condition and widespread dissemination of disease, palliative radiotherapy was delivered to the hand of the patient. He achieved satisfactory palliation in form of pain relief, control of bleeding, and discharge. The present report serves to emphasize the importance of properly diagnosing metastatic spread to unusual sites. Such metastasis is rare and is associated with a poor prognosis. Treatment is usually aimed at providing pain relief in these patients with limited life expectancy. Hence, we present a case of extensive cutaneous metastasis from laryngeal carcinoma with review of the literature.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum
Authors: Seshadri Ramakrishnan Ayloor , Pancholi Mayank , Jayanand Sunil B. , Chandrasekar Senthil
Published: October 2015

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is uncommon. We report our experience of a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum treated in our institution. Although primary chemoradiation produces a complete response in many patients, there is no consensus on a non-surgical management in these patients. Such an approach requires a strict surveillance schedule since recurrence is not uncommon. The prognosis of this tumour remains less favorable than its adenocarcinoma counterpart.
Thymus uptake of131I in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Abhyankar Amit , Basu Sandip
Published: October 2015

The importance of recognizing thymic radioiodine uptake as the cause of a false-positive mediastinal focus in the whole-body131I scan, done for the evaluation of post-thyroidectomy cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, is illustrated with the corresponding clinicoradiorological correlation. The pattern of mediastinal uptake could vary based upon the pattern of thymic hyperplasia in an individual case. Three different patterns of mediastinal uptake were observed in the cases described in the present report. Recognizing the patterns and the clinical settings (where this was to be suspected by the treating physician) was important to obviate unnecessary aggressive treatment, such as, surgery or radioiodine therapy. In a review of the literature, we found that a majority of the cases were reported in the young population (related to the thymus reaching its peak size during adolescence and gradual atrophy in the following decades) and in patients undergoing a six-month follow-up whole body diagnostic scan after thyroid remnant ablation treatment, and also in patients receiving a second course of 131-iodine treatment for a persistently elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) level. The indicators that should raise the suspicion of false-positive radioiodine uptake to the attending physician include: (a) undetectable/low serum thyroglobulin level (although this may not be always the case, depending on the clinical setting), (b) a well-controlled disease with no other abnormal focus in the rest of the body, (c) typical butterfly-shaped uptake (although this may not be the case always), (d) young age of the patient, and (e) computed tomography (CT) documentation of the enlarged thymus without any lymphadenopathy (frequently a non-contrast CT is quite efficient in clinching the diagnosis).
Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the testis
Authors: Celdrán Julian Oñate , Rodríguez Carlos Sánchez , Valverde Francisco Miguel Gonzalez , Compiano Luis Oscar Fontana
Published: October 2015

Primary mucinous epithelial tumors of the testis are extremely rare. Although isolated case reports and small series have been published, these interesting neoplasms are less well-known. We report a case of a primary intratesticular mucinous cystadenoma in an asymptomatic 44-year-old man. Right radical orchiectomy was performed because a malignant testicular tumor was suspected. We discuss the management of this uncommon testicular tumor based on the limited reports.
Chordoid meningioma
Authors: Siraj Fouzia , Ansari Mariya K. , Sharma K. C. , Singh Avninder
Published: October 2015

Chordoid meningioma (CM), classified as Grade II/atypical meningioma according to the World Health Organization classification, is a rare subtype, which represents only 0.5% of all meningiomas. Morphologically, it can mimic other chondroid and myxoid tumors within the brain and its vicinity thus posing a diagnostic challenge. Accurate diagnosis, therefore, assumes importance as these tumors have an aggressive clinical course and propensity to recur compared to classical meningiomas. Furthermore, the prognosis and treatment strategies vary when compared to tumors with morphological overlap. We present a case of CM in a 14-year-old girl and discuss its clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features.
Metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Mahajan B. B. , Sumir Kumar , Singla Monika
Published: October 2015

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade tumor with rare metastasis. A 26-year-old male presented with multiple cutaneous nodular lesions of DFSP since 3 months along with distant metastasis to the brain, pleura, and muscles that were detected on investigations. The case is being reported due to its rare disseminated cutaneous with systemic metastasis.
Paraneoplastic nephritic syndrome and concurrent solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis from mesothelioma of testis diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Doris Michael , Antonogiannaki Elvira-Markela , Katsenos Stamatis
Published: October 2015

Malignant mesothelioma is most commonly found in the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium, whereas mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is exceedingly rare. The usual sites of metastasis are inguinal nodes, retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lung. Herein, we describe a patient with mesothelioma of testis, who presented with paraneoplastic glomerulopathy and asymptomatic solitary mediastinal lymphadenopathy on serial computed tomography imaging after radical orchiectomy. A diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodal disease was set by using convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with transbronchial needle aspiration. We also briefly discuss clinical, etiological, pathological and therapeutical aspects of the disease, and highlight the paramount importance of real-time EBUS as the preferred method in the diagnostic approach of mediastinal lesions.
The isolated extranodal relapse of the isolated extranodal non- Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Comez Gazi , Goktepe Mehmet Fatih , Oztuzcu Serdar , Sevinc Alper , Camci Celalettin
Published: October 2015

Diffuse large lymphomas of B-cell origin (DLBCL) comprise approximately one-third of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and extranodal involvement is detected in 50% of these cases at initial diagnosis. Primary malignant lymphoma of the adrenal gland is extremely rare. Here we report a 64-year-old male patient with nasopharyngeal lymphoma who had been in remission for 2 years. An adrenal mass was detected on a control abdominal computed tomography (CT) at one of his follow-up visits. The biopsy showed DLBCL. Since the tumor was solitary without any other nodal involvement, a new/de novo primary tumor was considered. Metachronous NHLs develop between 3 months and 15 years after a primary NHLs and VDJ (variable, diversity, joining) rearrangement gene analysis of the tumor tissue is recommended to discriminate recurrence from a metachronous NHLs. VDJ rearrangement gene analysis was consistent with the recurrence of the original neoplasm.
Synchronous Lipoma arborescens of bilateral wrist
Authors: Chander Bal , Awasthi Bhanu , Preet Kamal
Published: October 2015

Lipoma arborescens is a rare lesion wherein abnormal proliferation of adipocytes in the subsynovial region is seen. Whether it is neoplastic or not is still not entirely clear. Usually, Lipoma arborescens is seen unilaterally around knee joint but it can also be seen around tendon sheaths or bursa in adults. Multiple lesions are also reported. Involvement of wrist is extremely rare. We are presenting a case with bilateral wrist involvement by Lipoma arborescens which to the best of our knowledge is first one in English literature. There are a host of co-morbid/associated conditions reported with Lipoma arborescens out of which chronic irritation and inflammation appears to be most significant. We are proposing a novel perspective on etiopathogenesis of Lipoma arborescens based on extant understanding of cellular differentiation and information gleaned from fetal autopsies. The new perspective also explains the predilection for knee joint.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of kidney
Authors: Chander Bal , Bharti Ramesh , Preet Kamal , Deb Prabal
Published: October 2015

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare and unusual variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is important to differentiate this from the other variants particularly papillary RCC since MTSCC is generally low-grade, has low malignant potential and favorable prognosis. We are reporting a 40-year-old female presenting with right flank pain and well-circumscribed renal mass confined to the lower pole. Tumor consisted of tubules and cords separated by pale mucinous material in some areas, whereas other areas showed dense cellularity without significant mucin. The tumor cells were cuboidal or spindle and did not show significant atypical features. The patient underwent nephrectomy and is asymptomatic clinically and radiologically after 2 years.
Chondroblastoma of the scaphoid
Authors: Vijayan Sandeep , Bhat Anil K , Hameed Shamsi Abdul , Kumar Bhaskarananda
Published: October 2015

Benign Chondroblastoma generally occur in the epiphysis of long bones and rarely arise in carpal bones. We report a young male with chondroblastoma of scaphoid treated with curettage, bone grafting and K-wire fixation. At the last follow-up, 4 years after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic without recurrence.
A meta-analysis of Kang`ai injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Xueqian , Lin Hongsheng , Liyuan LV , Zhang Ying , Liu Jie , Liu Zhiyan , Shi Hong
Published: October 2015

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Kang`ai injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:

Electronic search of the Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), and Wanfang Database was conducted to collect appropriate studies about Kang`ai injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of NSCLC. All data were analyzed by using RevMan 5.2 software provided by Cochrane, which involved the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated with fixed-effect models according to the heterogeneity test.

Results:

Eighteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that Kang`ai injection combined with chemotherapy could enhance the efficacy of the tumor response (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.85, Z = 3.94, P < 0.0001), improve the quality of life (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 2.71-4.20, Z = 10.86, P < 0.00001), alleviate the adverse reaction of digestive tract (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32-0.55, Z = 6.34, P < 0.00001) and reduce the risk of the bone marrow suppression (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.29-0.49, Z = 7.37, P < 0.00001) compared with chemotherapy alone. Asymmetries were observed in funnel plots, which indicated an evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion:

Kang`ai injection combined with chemotherapy can enhance the short-term efficacy, improve the quality of life, and alleviate the chemotherapy-induced adverse reaction in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, although these results need to be further confirmed by more high-quality trials.
Effect of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Fan Xiaohong , Xiu Qingyu
Published: October 2015

Aims:

X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) has been indicated to be correlated with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. But study results were still debatable. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted.

Materials and Methods:

A literature search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, with the databases being last accessed on November 24, 2014. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of the association.

Results:

In this meta-analysis, we found that XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was significantly associated with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. However, XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism showed no impact on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism may be associated with efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to further assess this result.
Current and emerging breast cancer biomarkers
Authors: Sana Maryam , Malik Hassan Jameel
Published: October 2015

Breast cancer treatment has experienced several advancements in the past few decades with the discovery of specific predictive and prognostic biomarkers that make possible the application of individualized therapies. In addition to traditional prognostic factors of breast carcinoma, molecular biomarkers have played a significant role in tumor prediction and treatment. The most frequent genetic alterations of breast cancer are gained along chromosome 1q, 8q, 17q, 20q, and 11q and losses along 8p, 13q, 16q, 18q, and 11q. Interestingly, many of these chromosomal fragments harbor known proto oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, HER2-neu, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, which are briefly described in this review.
Heegner Points on Cartan Non-split Curves
Authors: Kohen Daniel , Pacetti Ariel
Published: October 2015

Let E/ℚ be an elliptic curve of conductor N, and let K be an imaginary quadratic field such that the root number of E/K is −1. Let be an order in K and assume that there exists an odd prime p such that p2 ∥ N, and p is inert in . Although there are no Heegner points on X0(N) attached to , in this article we construct such points on Cartan non-split curves. In order to do that, we give a method to compute Fourier expansions for forms on Cartan non-split curves, and prove that the constructed points form a Heegner system as in the classical case.
Tendances climatiques passées, modélisation, perceptions et adaptations locales au Benin
Authors: Gnanglè Césaire P. , Glèlè Kakaï Romain , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Vodounnon Samuel , Yabi Jacob Afouda , Sokpon Nestor
Published: October 2015

La présente étude examine l’évolution des facteurs climatiques entre 1960 et 2008 des trois zones climatiques du Bénin, les perceptions locales face aux changements climatiques ainsi que les adaptations développées par les communautés locales pour faire face aux variations notées. À cet effet, les données climatiques ont été soumises à l’analyse des séries chronologiques et les équations des différentes tendances ont été établies. En ce qui concerne les perceptions et adaptations, des enquêtes individuelles appuyées par des entretiens de groupes ont été effectuées sur 1045 chefs de ménages répartis dans les zones climatiques soudaniennes, soudano-guinéennes et guinéennes. Les données liées à la perception locale de l’intensité des évènements climatiques dans les années 1960 à 1970 et après 2000 ont été soumises à une analyse en composantes principales, et celles liées aux formes d’adaptation à une analyse factorielle des correspondances. Les résultats obtenus indiquent une augmentation significative de la température moyenne (plus de 1°C) dans les trois zones, ainsi qu’une diminution perceptible de la pluviométrie (-5,5 mm/an en moyenne) et du nombre moyen annuel de jours de pluie. Les autres résultats indiquent une variation des perceptions liées aux changements climatiques en fonction des catégories socioculturelles des sujets. La même remarque peut être faite pour les adaptations qui sont principalement les semis précoces, l’utilisation d’engrais minéral ou une non-adaptation.
Au temps météorologique de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Savouret Edwige , Amat Jean-Paul , Cantat Olivier , Filippucci Paola
Published: October 2015

Cette étude de climatologie historique explore les données météorologiques aptes à rendre compte des contraintes vécues par les soldats dans les tranchées lorraines et champenoises de la Grande Guerre. L’entrée en guerre affecta le dense réseau de mesure pluviométrique français édifié par le Bureau Central de Météorologie de France (B.C.M.), particulièrement dans le nord-est où l’occupation et les combats interrompirent très vite les enregistrements. Pour pallier ce manque de données, les relevés civils en limite du Front, les sources des archives militaires et les travaux scientifiques de l’époque concourent à la connaissance du contexte atmosphérique, qui permet d’établir des séquences de mauvais temps, certaines exceptionnellement pluvieuses, comme ce fut le cas au cours de l’année 1916, d’autres très rigoureuses, comme durant l’hiver 1917. Par le biais de bilans annuels, mensuels et d’une chronique journalière, cette approche quantitative confirme le caractère remarquable des conditions atmosphériques de la Grande Guerre et explique, pour une large part, la fréquence des témoignages qui évoquent ces véritables fléaux que furent la pluie et la boue, le froid et la neige, la chaleur et la soif.
Les paroxysmes climato-thermiques en Tunisie : approche méthodologique et étude de cas
Authors: Ben Boubaker Habib
Published: October 2015

Le climat de la Tunisie, caractérisé par une grande variabilité, est souvent exposé à des extrêmes climato-thermiques, parfois aigus, qui méritent le qualificatif de paroxysme. Ces événements extrêmes se manifestent soit par des anomalies thermiques positives très amples, traduisant une chaleur intense, soit par des anomalies négatives, synonymes de paroxysmes de froid. Toutefois, la définition de ces paroxysmes, loin d’être unanime, est objet à controverses. Dans le présent travail, nous proposons une double méthodologie pour déterminer les critères et seuils de ces paroxysmes, adaptée au contexte tunisien. Deux types d’indices de chaleur et de froid sont proposés : relatifs et absolus. Pour valider cette méthodologie, nous avons comme exemple les séries des températures maximales et minimales quotidiennes observées à Tunis-Carthage entre 1950 et 2006.
Vegetation in the urban area of tunis: a study of impacts on temperature and light
Authors: Charfi Sami , Krout Hanine , Dahech Salem
Published: October 2015

LANDSAT and ASTER images enabled us to detect increased surface coolness corresponding to urban parks that heat up less than the artificial substrate. Maximum temperature differences reached 7°C diurnally and over 10°C at night. Field measurements showed that these green spaces lower air temperatures by 1 to 2°C during the day and by about 3°C at night. The study showed that the intensity of the urban park effect in Tunis depends on the size of the vegetated area, the volume of plant biomass and irrigation. Vegetation enables streets to cool by 1 to 2°C during daytime sunshine hours in summer. Light measurement showed special lighting effects in vegetated streets that diminish bright light and provide a comfortable visual perception.
Interpolation par recherche d’information locale
Authors: Joly Daniel , Brossard Thierry , Cardot Herve , Cavailhes Jean , Hilal Mohamed , Wavresky Pierre
Published: October 2015

Les méthodes d’interpolation, qu’elles procèdent de régressions ou de krigeage, sont globales, en ce sens qu’elles utilisent l’ensemble des données disponibles sur un territoire donné. Or, quand l’hétérogénéité spatiale de celui-ci est forte, la qualité des résultats s’en ressent. Pour dépasser cette difficulté, une méthode d’interpolation locale est proposée et appliquée, à titre de test, aux températures du territoire français. Partant d’un jeu de stations de mesures réparties sur cet espace digitalisé à 250 m, la méthode consiste à modéliser les variations spatiales locales de la température en considérant chaque point de la grille et lesnstations voisines les plus proches qui l’entourent. La procédure enchaîne les étapes suivantes : reconnaissance desnstations les plus proches du point d’estimation et partition du territoire en polygones définis selon une règle de voisinage, établissement d’un modèle local par régression multiple pour chaque polygone, application des coefficients obtenus de la régression en vue d’obtenir une valeur estimée en chaque point du polygone considéré. Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux de trois méthodes d’interpolation globales : (i) régressions, (ii) krigeage ordinaire, (iii) régressions avec krigeage des résidus. Une quatrième partie développe les résultats originaux autorisés par l’interpolation locale : cartographie du coefficient de détermination, du coefficient de la corrélation température/altitude et de la constante (intercept) liée à l’altitude. Avec ces développements, l’accent est d’abord mis sur les processus qui commandent la variation spatiale du climat.
Résilience de l’agglomération de Sfax (tunisie méridionale) face au changement climatique : essai d’évaluation
Authors: Daoud Abdelkarim , Dahech Salem
Published: October 2015

Dans l’agglomération de Sfax, située sur le littoral sud-oriental de la Tunisie, les températures minimales et maximales enregistrées entre 1950 et 2007 à la station située à l’aéroport indiquent une tendance significative au réchauffement. Cette période fut marquée aussi par l’occurrence des évènements pluviométriques extrêmes comme les inondations de 1969, 1982 et 2009. L’hypothèse principale de ce travail est que l’agglomération de Sfax présente une très faible résilience face aux effets du changement climatique. Pour l’étayer, les auteurs présentent dans une première partie, les manifestations du changement climatique, en s’appuyant sur les données fournies par l’Institut National de la Météorologie pour la période indiquée ci-dessus, insistant sur les facteurs favorisant ce réchauffement. Ils tentent ensuite d’établir la relation entre vulnérabilités et étalement de l’agglomération, particulièrement celles liées à l’îlot de chaleur urbain et à la pollution, au dysfonctionnement du système de transport et enfin, au risque d’inondation. Ces vulnérabilités sont d’autant plus aggravées que l’agglomération n’a établi aucune stratégie d’atténuation ou d’adaptation aux changements climatiques, ce qui diminue sa capacité de résilience. Les auteurs présentent ainsi dans une dernière partie, quelques pistes pour y remédier, et concluent sur la nécessité dans le futur, et avec l’avènement de la démocratie dans le pays, que les acteurs locaux, particulièrement les élus, et à travers une intercommunalité jusque là absente, tiennent compte du climat urbain et des changements climatiques dans la gestion de l’agglomération.
Apport des données TRMM 3B42 à l’étude des précipitations au Mato Grosso
Authors: Arvor Damien , Dubreuil Vincent , Ronchail Josyane , Simões Penello Meirelles Margareth
Published: October 2015

En région tropicale, où les précipitations sont principalement d’origines convectives et où les réseaux d’observations au sol présentent de nombreuses lacunes, les données satellitaires TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) représentent une alternative efficace pour l’étude de la variabilité spatiotemporelle des précipitations. Celle-ci est abordée au moyen d’une analyse en composantes principales des données TRMM 3B42 (au pas de temps mensuel) de 1998 à 2006 qui permet de mettre en évidence la variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle des pluies du Mato Grosso (Brésil), situé au sud du bassin amazonien. Les produits TRMM 3B42 sont ensuite validés à partir d’indices statistiques pour permettre de définir une résolution temporelle optimale qui autorise l’analyse de paramètres tels que le début, la fin et la durée de la saison pluvieuse, décisifs pour les cultures réalisées dans cette région, notamment pour celle du soja. Pour calculer ces paramètres, la méthode « Anomalous Accumulation » proposée par Liebmann (2006) est choisie. Le début de la saison des pluies est repérée au mois d’octobre mais gagne plus tardivement le sud-est que le nord-ouest. La date de fin des pluies intervient au mois de mars et progresse par contre vers le nord selon un axe N-S. La durée de la saison des pluies est en conséquence de 4 à 5 mois. Il apparaît que la variabilité de la durée de la saison des pluies est surtout liée aux variations des dates de début des pluies (plus de 2 mois de différence entre 2 années extrêmes sur 8 ans), alors que la fin de la saison des pluies est bien plus régulière. Par ailleurs, le début de la saison des pluies varie de plus de 15 jours en moyenne entre les grandes régions de production de soja, ce qui permet de comprendre les variantes dans leurs calendriers agricoles et donne des premières indications sur la vulnérabilité des producteurs.
Bilans radiatif et d’énergie dans un canyon urbain
Authors: Najjar G. , Kastendeuch P.P. , Ringenbach N. , Colin J.R. , Stoll M.P. , Nerry F. , Bernard J. , De hatten A. , Luhahe R. , Viville D.
Published: October 2015

Une campagne de mesures en climatologie urbaine a été réalisée durant l’été 2002 à Strasbourg dans le cadre du projet RECLUS. Parmi les sites de mesures, un échafaudage installé dans une rue a permis de réaliser des mesures continues de différents paramètres météorologiques sur quatre niveaux. L’objectif était de documenter les différents processus physiques qui interviennent dans l’élaboration du microclimat à l’intérieur d’un canyon urbain. Le présent article décrit les mesures et les premiers résultats obtenus en ce qui concerne les bilans radiatifs et d’énergie à l’échelle du canyon urbain.
Variabilité des régimes pluviométriques dans le nord-ouest de l’Argentine : problèmes posés et analyse durant la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle
Authors: Planchon O. , Rosier K.
Published: October 2015

La variabilité climatique, notamment pluviométrique, a été étudiée dans le Nord-Ouest de l’Argentine durant la période 1951-2000. À une variabilité interannuelle d’autant plus forte que l’on se rapproche du piémont andin semi-aride et semi-aride (Mendoza, San Juán), s’ajoutent des oscillations de plus longue durée, en particulier une succession d’années anormalement arrosées à partir des années 1970. L’étude comparée de la période la plus arrosée (1971-1990) et de la période précédente, plus sèche (1951-1970), montre que l’augmentation des précipitations a été très variable d’une station à une autre, et l’analyse sur l’ensemble du vingtième siècle ne montre pas de lien significatif avec l’oscillation australe. Cependant, l’apparition plus fréquente de types de climats annuels plus humides, en particulier pour certaines stations situées en limite du domaine marqué par l’aridité (Santiago del estero), soulève le problème des conséquences économiques, humaines et environnementales d’un retour éventuel à une période moins arrosée.
Tendances des précipitations mensuelles et quotidiennes dans le sud-est méditerranéen français (1950-51 / 1999-2000)
Authors: Norrant C. , Douguédroit A.
Published: October 2015

Dans la perspective des scénarios pour les tendances des précipitations établis par les modèles pour la fin du XXIe siècle, nous nous sommes interrogées sur l’existence possible d’une amorce d’un changement pluviométrique dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle dans le sud-est méditerranéen français. En plus des précipitations totales mensuelles, nous avons étudié au pas de temps mensuel le nombre de jours de pluie, les précipitations quotidiennes moyennes et le niveau du 95ème centile entre 1950-51 et 1999-2000. Nous avons procédé à leurs régionalisations par des Analyses en Composantes Principales avec Rotation. Dans les trois régions obtenues seuls quelques mois montrent une diminution significative des totaux mensuels de pluies : octobre à l’est du Rhône, novembre dans la vallée du Rhône et mars à l’ouest du Rhône. Ces diminutions sont associées dans les deux premières régions à une diminution significative des moyennes quotidiennes de pluie et dans la dernière région à une diminution significative du nombre de jours de pluie. Parallèlement à cela, la part des précipitations supérieures au 95ème centile a augmenté au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle de part et d’autre du Rhône. Les diminutions significatives des précipitations sont en relation significative inverse avec les pressions de surface locales.
Dealing with cost-push inflation in Latin America: multi-causality in a context of increased openness and commodity price volatility*
Authors: Abeles Martín , Panigo Demian
Published: October 2015

Despite recognizing the exogenous, cost-push nature of recent inflationary pressures in Latin America, plus the difficulties faced by monetary authorities in dealing, under such circumstances, with internal and external disequilibria simultaneously, intellectual attention in policy circles remains focused on demand-side issues and policy instruments. This paper develops an eclectic model that has the potential to nest demand-side elements, but focuses on cost-push factors – distributional conflict and propagation mechanisms – as typically addressed by the post-Keynesian–structuralist tradition. In addition to shedding some light on the nature of inflationary pressures as experienced in Latin American countries during the recent commodity boom – in particular South American commodity exporting economies – the paper's main goal is to portray the policy and instrumental trade-offs faced by policy-makers themselves. By bringing unconventional policy devices into the model (such as direct interventions in commodity markets), we hope to broaden the scope of the conventional macroeconomic policy instruments.
Energizing Occupation as the Center of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Hooper Barbara , Mitcham Maralynne D. , Taff Steven D. , Price Pollie , Krishnagiri Sheama , Bilics Andrea
Published: October 2015

The concept of occupation has experienced a renewal in the past 3 decades and is widely accepted as the core subject in occupational therapy. Professional education has a critical stewardship role in continually enhancing how occupation is taught and understood to enrich new occupational therapy practitioners' ability to grasp the purpose of the profession and reason clinically in complex practice environments. The authors discuss three questions that frame approaches educators can use to effectively centralize occupation in teaching and learning environments: (1) To what degree is a curriculum and its courses and class sessions subject centered? (2) To what degree do instructional processes create links to occupation? and (3) To what degree do instructional processes expose and promote complex ways of knowing needed for learning occupation? Keeping occupation in the foreground is important to facilitate new research, teaching methods, and curricular relevance to practice.
Fieldwork I Program Evaluation of Student Learning Using Goal Attainment Scaling
Authors: Chapleau Ann , Harrison Jennifer
Published: October 2015

This article describes a program evaluation of student learning during the Level I fieldwork experience of a master of science in occupational therapy program. We sought to determine the utility of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) as a measure of student learning. Over four semesters, from fall 2013 through fall 2014, 240 students completed goal attainment scales for an individualized learning goal for the semester. Using a quantitative pretest–posttest design, we found significant increases in levels of student learning goal attainment during Level I fieldwork. Qualitative data from exit surveys revealed high levels of satisfaction with the program, particularly related to the opportunity to learn a new way of envisioning and writing individualized goals. These findings support the use of GAS as an outcome measure of student learning during fieldwork.
Observation of isoprene hydroxynitrates in the southeastern United States and implications for the fate of NOx
Authors: Xiong F. , McAvey K. M. , Pratt K. A. , Groff C. J. , Hostetler M. A. , Lipton M. A. , Starn T. K. , Seeley J. V. , Bertman S. B. , Teng A. P. , Crounse J. D. , Nguyen T. B. , Wennberg P. O. , Misztal P. K. , Goldstein A. H. , Guenther A. B. , Koss A. R. , Olson K. F. , de Gouw J. A. , Baumann K. , Edgerton E. S. , Feiner P. A. , Zhang L. , Miller D. O. , Brune W. H. , Shepson P. B.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Isoprene hydroxynitrates (IN) are tracers of the photochemical oxidation of isoprene in high NOx environments. Production and loss of IN have a significant influence on the NOx cycle and tropospheric O3 chemistry. To better understand IN chemistry, a series of photochemical reaction chamber experiments was conducted to determine the IN yield from isoprene photooxidation at high NO concentrations (> 100 ppt). By combining experimental data and calculated isomer distributions, a total IN yield of 9(+4/−3) % was derived. The result was applied in a zero-dimensional model to simulate production and loss of ambient IN observed in a temperate forest atmosphere, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) field campaign, from 27 May to 11 July 2013. The 9 % yield was consistent with the observed IN/(MVK+MACR) ratios observed during SOAS. By comparing field observations with model simulations, we identified NO as the limiting factor for ambient IN production during SOAS, but vertical mixing at dawn might also contribute (~ 27 %) to IN dynamics. A close examination of isoprene's oxidation products indicates that its oxidation transitioned from a high-NO dominant chemical regime in the morning into a low-NO dominant regime in the afternoon. A significant amount of IN produced in the morning high NO regime could be oxidized in the low NO regime, and a possible reaction scheme was proposed.
The effect of low ancient greenhouse climate temperature gradients on the ocean's overturning circulation
Authors: Sijp W. P. , England M. H.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. We examine whether the reduced meridional temperature gradients of past greenhouse climates might have reduced oceanic overturning, leading to a more quiescent subsurface ocean. A substantial reduction of the pole to equator temperature difference is achieved in a coupled climate model via an altered radiative balance in the atmosphere. Contrary to expectations, we find that the meridional overturning circulation and deep ocean kinetic energy remain relatively unaffected. Reducing the wind strength also has remarkably little effect on the overturning. Instead, overturning strength depends on deep ocean density gradients, which remain relatively unaffected by the surface changes, despite an overall decrease in ocean density. Ocean poleward heat transport is significantly reduced only in the Northern Hemisphere, as now the circulation operates across a reduced temperature gradient, suggesting the overturning circulation dominates heat transport in greenhouse climates. These results indicate that climate models of the greenhouse climate during the Cretaceous and early Paleogene may yield a reasonable overturning circulation, despite failing to fully reproduce the extremely reduced temperature gradients of those time periods.