bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emblems of Sleep Societies in Asia and the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Keun Tae , Shin Won Chul , Kim Jee Hyun , Cho Yong Won
Published: September 2021

An emblem is a symbolic representational image that stands for a certain organization, concept, team, or society. This study investigated the emblems of the sleep societies in South Korea and the international sleep societies in which they were registered as members. Three South Korean sleep societies were found by searching for the keyword ‘sleep’ in the Korea Citation Index. Subsequently, we identified three international societies in which the three South Korean conferences participate. The emblems can be classified according to their composition. Taegeuk patterns represent yin and yang, electroencephalography that stands for the objective indicator of sleep, and the acronym or abbreviation indicating the name of the society. All emblems in this study were combinations of pictorial images and letters. The pictorial image of the Korean Sleep Research Society is the only emblem representing an inset with Hangeul. The emblem is a medium that conveys diverse meanings beyond representation. The societies have attempted to embody the identity as well as their directions.
Effect of reservoir heterogeneities on elastic and seismic properties of Lower Cretaceous Sand Intervals, Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Perveiz
Published: September 2021

The use of rock physics modeling and petrophysical analysis has become an integral part of quantitative seismic interpretation. In the present study, the above-mentioned techniques are applied to the reservoir interval of Basal Sand of Cretaceous age widely distributed in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. The data used for this purpose consists of complete suits of wireline logs from four well A, B, C and D. The primary goal of this work is to understand the trends of seismic parameters such as P-wave velocity (VP), S-wave velocity (VS), bulk modulus, bulk density as a function of ﬂuid saturation and porosity in this sand interval. Petrophysical analysis based on well logs is used to obtain petrophysical properties such as porosity, the volume of shale, fluid saturation, P-wave velocity (VP), S-wave velocity (VS) and density at reservoir conditions. The results show that seismic parameters are very sensitive to fluid saturation, fluid types and rock-forming sediments. Reservoir porosity and fluid saturation control the elastic response of Basal Sand due to which seismic velocities decrease with an increase in porosity and fluid saturation.
Silt-sized sediments and gypsum on surface formations in the Ebro valley. A disambiguation of the term gypsiferous silts
Authors: Poch Rosa Maria , Rodríguez-Ochoa Rafael , Artieda Octavio , Balasch Josep Carles , Boixadera Jaume
Published: September 2021

Since the 60’s, many authors have reported the presence of common silt-sized materials in the Ebro valley, on surface formations and positions that have given rise to several interpretations, sometimes contradictory. According to the references, three main terms are used (gypsiferous silts, loess and flour-like gypsum) applied to silts and fine sands with gypsum accumulations. The two first terms are applied to materials with carbonate contents up to 40-50%, coarse silty to fine sandy textures, and located in different positions. Loess normally appears as thick outcrops on slopes leeward from the main wind direction, with a limited pedogenesis consisting of a partial carbonate mobilisation and gypsum contents between 0 and 30%. The third (gypsum-rich) type has a variable spatial distribution, appearing between limestone layers, along footslopes, outcropping as metric surface formations, or as generalized karstified subsurface accumulations. Their composition is almost 100% silt- to fine sand size lenticular gypsum. While some authors claim for an aeolian origin to all these materials, only part of them (loess) has a clear aeolian origin, while flour-like gypsum derives from on-site weathering of gyprock or by precipitation of calcium- and sulfate saturated watertables as it is reported to occur in many other arid regions; and the rest (gypsiferous silts sensu stricto) are mainly colluvial-alluvial. This distinction is necessary since they differ in their geotechnical behaviour and properties relevant for agricultural land uses, therefore they should be taken into account when carrying out geological mappings or soil surveys in this and similar arid regions.
Design of a discrete flexure for a SiC deformable mirror with PMN stacked-actuators
Authors: Kang Pilseong , Huh Joon , Lee Kihun , Park Sangyeong , Rhee Hyug-Gyo
Published: September 2021

In the present work, a discrete flexure for silicon carbide (SiC) deformable mirror (DM) with Lead-Magnesium-Niobate (PMN) stacked-actuators is designed using topology and size optimizations. In order to fulfill the designated surface strokes of the SiC mirror without adhesive failure, discrete flexures are adopted between the mirror faceplate and the actuators. As the same design process for the flexure of the final DM model, which has a 140 mm diameter mirror faceplate and 489 channels of piezoelectric PMN-30PT single crystal multilayer actuators, the topology and the sizes of the flexure for the 5×5 engineering DM model are optimized. The topology and the size optimizations are conducted by GTAM and DesignXplorer in ANSYS based on finite element method (FEM). The prototype of the designed model is built and the test results show appropriate mirror deformations comparing with the simulated results without adhesive failure.
From media to machines: A machinic perspective on the evolution and crises of Facebook
Authors: Jenkins Eric
Published: September 2021

This article diagrams Facebook as a megamachine, arguing that this diagram helps scholars better understand technological evolution and the production of subjectivity. The article contrasts a medium-based approach to Facebook, which emphasizes how Facebook enables neo-liberal subjectivity, with a machinic approach, which illustrates how Facebook also produces the affected subject. The affected subject often conflicts with the imperatives of the neo-liberal subject, and this tension motors the evolution of Facebook’s algorithm, interface and moderation policies, as illustrated through the examination of changes to Facebook resultant from problems that emerged in the course of its history, including too much information, becoming swamped with sponsored viral content, lack of expressivity in the like button, hate speech and disinformation. Such tensions, part of a more general crisis faced by contemporary capitalism, will shape the future of subjectivity and media evolution alike.
Fashioning fire hose: Design in the liminal spaces between product lives
Authors: Chittenden Tara
Published: September 2021

Among the scrapheap of society’s unwanted materials lies a vast and wondrous world of fashion potential. In the liminal phase between a product’s rejection and its fate as landfill, designers are called on to create a positive alternative. The upcycling process encourages designers to consider how they might release the past social lives of products to uncover the design potential of new creations. Upcycling introduces the dimensions of time, designer knowledge and skills into the creation of a garment or accessory. This practice makes a place in fashion for challenging the hypercycle of consumption and the new by valuing fabrics that can tell stories of their past lives in other times and places. In this article I examine the appropriation of retired fire hose in the fashion industry by the company Elvis & Kresse. In the framework of Arnold van Gennep’s ritual phases of transition, namely the ‘pre-liminal’, ‘liminal’ and ‘post-liminal’, of critical interest is the second or liminal phase, in which the retired fire hose risks becoming obscure and permanently separated from reality but is instead incorporated into luxury bags and belts. This article advances the perception of the liminal as a place for collecting ‘polluting’ materials and, via design, reintroducing them into society. In my focus on this company and on fire hose as a fashion textile, I probe the liminal threshold as a place of creative experimentation and a powerful framework for understanding and structuring product transitions. The ability to change how an item is perceived by fracturing its sense of time and place highlights the importance of upcycling in tackling many of the current criticisms levelled at fashion while introducing new roles for designers as facilitators of transformation.
O olho de Horus e outras imagens
Authors: Barros José D'Assunção
Published: September 2021

Todos os campos de saber valem-se de conceitos, e estes têm sido bem estudados nas mais diversas disciplinas, principalmente nas suas formas verbais. Não obstante, sabe-se que os conceitos não precisam ser expostos necessariamente em linguagem verbal. Uma imagem – e especificamente uma imagem simbólica – pode ser um veículo interessante para a exposição de um conceito, no sentido filosófico desta palavra. Neste artigo, pretendemos expor esta possibilidade e apoiá-la com a análise de um famoso símbolo do Egito Antigo: o Olho de Horus, que além de ter simbolizado uma série de aspectos, pode ser compreendido como um conceito visual egípcio para a ideia de Onividência.
Cândido de Oliveira
Authors: Fontes Francisco
Published: September 2021

Cândido de Oliveira ficou na história como o maior técnico de futebol português dos anos 30 a 50 do século XX. Treinou dois dos maiores clubes de Portugal, o Futebol Clube do Porto e o Sporting Clube de Portugal, e dirigiu durante vários anos a Seleção Nacional. Na sua curta carreira de futebolista foi capitão nas equipas que representou, o Casa Pia e o Benfica, e ainda da primeira seleção portuguesa, em 1921. Como jornalista desportivo foi um inovador da crónica e reportagem, que utilizou para criticar o Estado Novo nas políticas para o desporto. Foi fundador, em 1945, do jornal A Bola. O seu estatuto de personalidade do futebol levou a Liga de Clubes em Portugal a atribuir o seu nome à Supertaça.

A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, neste artigo põe-se em evidência uma faceta pouco conhecida de Cândido de Oliveira, a de antifascista, que o levou a cooperar com a espionagem inglesa para travar uma possível invasão de Portugal pela Alemanha, na II Guerra Mundial. Detido pela Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado (PVDE), em 1942, foi torturado e deportado para o Campo de Concentração do Tarrafal, onde permaneceu 18 meses. No regresso foi demitido das elevadas funções que desempenhava nos CTT de Portugal. Este artigo centra-se particularmente na atividade clandestina que precedeu a detenção e no período nas prisões políticas do Estado Novo.
Polimeryzacja aniliny w środowisku stałego pola magnetycznego
Authors: Miękoś Ewa , Samujło Bronisław , Zieliński Marek , Sroczyński Dariusz
Published: September 2021

Polyaniline is an example of an electronically conducting polymer. During the oxidation of the polymer, positive charges appear in its structure, which must be compensated for e.g. by the presence of anions in the polymer layer. The form of polyaniline depends on both the degree of oxidation and the degree of protonation of the polymer, i.e. the pH of the solution. Due to the ease of electrochemical preparation of polyaniline, as well as the possibility of full control of the course of the process, the influence of the constant magnetic field (s.p.m.) on the reaction of its preparation was additionally investigated. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) method was used for this purpose. Aniline polymerization processes were carried out on platinum, plate electrodes, not insulated (A) and insulated on two different sides with Teflon, with surfaces directed parallel to the line of force of the s.p.m. (To beat). Research on the electrochemical preparation of polyaniline in s.p.m. allowed to conclude that the following factors affect the magnitude of the current in the tested process: (i) the magnitude of the magnetic induction vector B, (ii) the position of the electrode plane in relation to the direction of the vector B, (iii) the type of electrode (insulated on one side or not). Impact on the impact of s.p.m. the magnetic properties (e.g. paramagnetic, diamagnetic) of the particles participating in the electrochemical reaction, as well as their charge (+/-), also had an effect on the electrochemical polymerization processes. Based on the experimental results, the mechanism of the influence of s.p.m. was proposed. on the tested electrochemical reactions. This mechanism was based, inter alia, on the formation of the magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD), which causes a change in the speed of transport of the reacting substances to the electrode, the magnetohydrodynamic movement of the electrolyte and the change in the kinetics of electrode processes. For the tested process, changes in the rate constants of electrochemical reactions (ks) as a result of external action of s.p.m. were around 30%.
Assessment of laboratory test request forms for completeness
Authors: Udeh Chioma , Olayanju Olatunde , Awah Nnaemeka , Bamidele Olabisi , Eseile Bola , Okwonkwo Onyinye , Odok Gabriel
Published: September 2021

Background: Laboratory test request forms usually accompany patientâ€™s samples to the laboratory, providing biodata and clinical details of the patient. This information is for purposes of identification and guiding pathologists to accurately interpret patientâ€™s result. Clinicians however do not usually provide all the required information, thus making interpretation difficult. The frequency of such incompleteness is assessed in this study.Methods: Laboratory request forms received at the Chemical Pathology laboratory between July and September 2020 were assessed for completeness of all the required parameters. Parameters analyzed in this study included age, gender, hospital number, location, clinical information, name of requesting physician and the date of request. Frequency of missing parameters were expressed as proportions (%) of the total omissions.Results: There were 1906 request forms received during the course of this study and 789 (41.4%) of them had at least one missing parameter. Apart from patientsâ€™ names, nature of sample and the requested investigation, all other parameters were omitted at one time or the other making a total of 1117 omissions. Age (287; 25.7%) hospital number (264; 23.6%) and clinical information (246; 22%) were the most commonly omitted parameters. Majority of the omissions (69%) were from the outpatient clinics, 20% were from the wards while 10% of the forms had no ward or clinic indicated.Conclusion: Incomplete filling of laboratory test request forms is a regular occurrence among clinicians. Effort must be made to continually sensitize them of the importance of each of the required parameters to ensure a visible improvement.Â Â
Género, ingeniería y educación técnica profesional
Authors: Buquet Corleto Ana Gabriela , Moreno Esparza Hortensia Manuela
Published: September 2021

El estudio que presentamos en este artículo aporta elementos para comprender cómo se producen y reproducen desigualdades de género en el campo de la ingeniería, la enseñanza técnica y las profesiones más identificadas con la masculinidad. A partir de datos numéricos sobre la participación de mujeres en diferentes campos profesionales, de una serie de estudios empíricos sobre el ambiente institucional de escuelas de ingeniería en diferentes latitudes, y de una investigación realizada en la Ciudad de México sobre mujeres egresadas de la educación técnica profesional de carreras convencionalmente consideradas “masculinas”, utilizamos la noción de “hacer género” (West y Zimmerman, 1987) como herramienta conceptual para analizar sociológicamente los componentes que sustentan la división sexual del trabajo en el campo de las profesiones.
Validation of the Cosmetic Procedure Screening (COPS) Questionnaire in the Greek language
Authors: Kallianta Athina , Bacopoulou Flora , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Kokka Ioulia , Chrousos George P. , Darviri Christina
Published: September 2021

Practitioners in cosmetic and aesthetic treatment practices are likely to unknowingly work with patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Screening questionnaires to identify the disorder in Greece are lacking. The purpose of this study was to validate a Greek version of the Cosmetic Procedure Screening (COPS) questionnaire, a self-report measure of how the respondents feel about their appearance, before an aesthetic intervention. The COPS was translated into Greek and was completed by 216 adult females from several areas of Attica (four private beauty centers, three dermatology clinics, five plastic surgery clinics, and Thriasio General Hospital of Elefsina) who pursued a cosmetic procedure. Participants also completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The Greek version of the COPS questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0.856) with corrected item’s total range 0.468 to 0.687. Two of the factors explained 58.98% of total variance. Twenty (9.26%) women had a possible diagnosis of BDD (80% were unmarried, 95% had no children, 80% had university education). An increase in perceived stress levels was associated with an increase in the likelihood of being diagnosed with BDD (Pearson’s r=0.726). The Greek version of the COPS questionnaire is a valid instrument that can be used by professionals to screen adult women for BDD.
Biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Pyricularia variabilis
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Wu Tingguan , He Yonghong
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the pathogen that causes leaf blast on Amomum tsao-ko repeatedly infected the plants in a large area of Luchun County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The disease is caused by the pathogen Pyricularia variabilis. The effects of light, temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on the growth of the pathogen were determined, and its sensitivity to six fungicides was determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were as follows: temperature: 20–25°C; carbon source: maltose, nitrogen source beef extract, media corn flour, and potato dextrose agar. The mycelia could grow under four types of light conditions: 24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, and 16 h light/8 h dark. In addition, Propiconazole was the most effective inhibitor, with an EC50 value of 0.030 μg/mL, and prochloraz was the second most effective, with an EC50 value of 0.076 μg/mL. It is suggested that the two fungicides should be alternated when used in production. Carbendazim and chlorothalonil were ineffective in inhibiting the fungus, with EC50 values of 6.137 and 3.765 μg/mL, respectively.
‘Britones a Troianis duxerunt originem’: Historia Meriadoci, De ortu Waluuanii and their Galfridian companion-text in BL MS Cotton Faustina B VI
Authors: Crofts Thomas H.
Published: September 2021

When a reader encounters the Latin romances Historia Meriadoci and De ortu Waluuanii in BL MS Cotton Faustina B VI, the romances are only the first two in a set of three texts copied by the same scribe on the same occasion. The third text, following directly on De ortu Waluuanii, is an abstract of books 1–6 of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s De gestis Britonum. While valuable in its own right as a witness to the DGB’s use and manuscript circulation, the abstract is presented and investigated here for what it may tell us about the Latin romances’ own transmission and reception, which have long been shrouded in mystery. As I argue, the abstract’s juxtaposition with the romances is no accident, and figures importantly in the romances’ presentation. Much as the opening stanzas of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight set the stage for King Arthur, in fact, the Latin synopsis begins with the fall of Troy and Brutus’ foundation of Britain before (much more expansively than the Gawain-poet) recounting the war and wrack of early British history, concluding with Merlin’s revelation to Vortigern of the warring dragons. In this and other ways this Galfridian abstract causes the Latin romances to quicken with correspondences to Geoffrey’s work; this effect may even suggest for the romances a date of composition not distant from that of the DGB itself. By exploring the interpretive possibilities of this widened manuscript context, the present paper seeks to initiate a re-examination of these mysterious Latin romances in relation to their Galfridian companion-text. This article concludes with an edition of the abstract itself, which until now has not been edited or translated.
Surprised by Percival: Arthurian Transtextuality and the Reader in George MacDonald’s Phantastes
Authors: Gabelman Daniel
Published: September 2021

The Arthurian aspects of George MacDonald’s Phantastes (1858) have been overlooked in Arthurian studies and downplayed in MacDonald scholarship. To fill this gap, the first section of this article examines the opening paratexts of the first edition (title, subtitles, epigraphs) tracing their Arthurian echoes and allusions. The second section focuses on a key architext, Sir Percival’s quest for the Holy Grail, suggesting that Anodos rather than the unnamed knight is the character most informed by Percival. Simultaneously, the article draws on reader response theory and Derrida’s poststructuralism to argue that Phantastes is a highly self-reflexive, metafictional work intended to disrupt normal reading and writing practices in order to initiate the reader into a more open, transformative mode of reading.
Protocol of the BEST SIBS study: a qualitative case study to investigate the roles and responsibilities of siblings of youth with a neurodisability during health care transition
Authors: Nguyen Linda , Jack Susan M. , Di Rezze Briano , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Gorter Jan Willem
Published: September 2021

Background

Children and youth with neurodisabilities may experience different challenges during their transition to adulthood, such as pursuing postsecondary education, finding employment, and navigating a new adult health care system. Families, including siblings, have an important role in the process for when youth with neurodisabilities are transitioning to adulthood. Siblings are in a unique position, where they can have different roles such as a friend, mentor, or caregiver. Siblings can offer various supports to their brother or sister with a neurodisability, but they require knowledge and skills for these different supporting roles. Currently, there are limited programs available for siblings to learn how to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability during transition. A first step to develop these sibling support programs is to understand the experiences of siblings of youth with a neurodisability. The purpose of this report is to describe a protocol of a qualitative case study aimed at examining the experiences of siblings including their roles and responsibilities to their brother or sister with a neurodisability during health care transition.

Methods

An exploratory single case study design will be used. An integrated knowledge translation approach to conducting this study will be used by partnering with the Sibling Youth Advisory Council comprised of siblings who have a brother or sister with a disability throughout all study phases. Participants will include siblings (ages 14–40 years old) with a brother or sister (ages 14–21 years old) with a neurodisability in Ontario, Canada. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted, that will be augmented by photo elicitation and drawings of family tree diagrams. Data will be analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Discussion

Findings from this study will be shared with siblings, families, researchers, and the broader community. It is important to understand the roles and responsibilities that siblings are choosing to have to support their brother or sister with a neurodisability, and how these roles may change over time as their sibling is growing up and transitions to adulthood. Siblings may require knowledge and skills in these roles, and an understanding about siblings’ experiences in certain roles can help to inform the development of a resource to support siblings during health care transition.
An Obligation of Thanks (2Thess 1,3): Gift and Return in Divine-Human Relationships
Authors: Brookins Timothy A.
Published: September 2021

The wording of the thanksgiving formula in 2Thess 1,3 (“we ought to give thanks to God”) departs from the pattern found in the undisputed Pauline letters (“I/we give thanks to God”). This article argues that previous explanations for the change fail to identify the cultural significance of the language of “obligation” (“ought”). This language indicates neither that the Thessalonians had denied Paul’s previous praise, nor that the Thessalonians’ merit induced stronger language than usual, nor that the author lacked a personal relationship with the audience and was not Paul. Rather, the language of “obligation,” in connection with reference to the gift(s) of the gods / God and thanksgiving as a proper return, relates to ancient conceptions of benefaction as seen in in Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish sources.
Wie kommt Nero ins Petrus-Martyrium?
Authors: Witetschek Stephan
Published: September 2021

Erst ganz am Ende der Petrusakten (MartPetr 12/ActPetr 41) tritt Kaiser Nero in der Erzählung vom Martyrium des Petrus auf. Er kommt aber zu spät, das Martyrium fand ohne ihn statt, und so nimmt sich seine Erwähnung am Ende der Erzählung etwas seltsam aus. Dieser Beitrag bietet dafür eine Deutung, die den kurzen Hinweis auf Nero im Kontext der christlichen und römischen Erinnerung an Nero versteht, den malus princeps, der bald auch als der erste Christenverfolger ins Gedächtnis einging. Anscheinend konnten christliche Apologeten aus der Erinnerung an Repressalien unter Nero Kapital schlagen, indem sie ihre eigene Bewegung auf eine Stufe mit der römischen Elite stellten, die bereits eine düstere Erinnerung an Nero als Tyrann kultiviert hatte.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: global impact and clinical consequences
Authors: Kabarra Khaled , Golabi Pegah , Younossi Zobair M
Published: September 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty infiltration of liver parenchyma to the potentially progressive type of NAFLD called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Given the obesity epidemic, NAFLD and NASH have reached alarming levels globally. Recent data suggest that more than a quarter of the world population is affected by NAFLD; however, the disease prevalence is higher in certain patient population, that is, 55% prevalence rate among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Besides T2DM, NAFLD is also closely related to other metabolic abnormalities, such as visceral obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that stage of liver fibrosis is the most important factor associated with mortality among patients with NAFLD. Additionally, patients with T2DM have increased risk of adverse outcomes. In addition to these metabolic abnormalities, older age and some genetic factors could pose additional risks. Patients with NAFLD and NASH have significantly impaired health-related quality of life than the general population. There is also a growing economical impact of NAFLD and NASH on healthcare systems around the globe. Despite a number of promising regimens as treatment options, healthy lifestyle modification with diet and exercise remains at the core of management of NAFLD and NASH.
Risky Mortgages and Macroprudential Policy: A Calibrated DSGE Model for Lithuania
Authors: Karmelavičius Jaunius
Published: September 2021

Following the financial crisis of 2009 there was an emergence of macroprudential policy tools, as well as a need to model the macroeconomy and the financial sector in a coherent framework. This paper develops and calibrates a small open economy DSGE model for Lithuania to shed some light on the interactions between the macroeconomy and the banking sector, regulated by macroprudential policy. The model features housing market, and endogenous credit risk a la de Walque et al. (2010), whereby the household can default on mortgage repayments, what leads to housing collateral seizure. Foreign-owned banks, that are subject to risk-sensitive macroprudential capital requirements, take into account not only the mortgage default rate but also the cap on loan to value (LTV) ratio when making lending decisions. Using this mechanism, we show that while a more stringent LTV constraint reduced credit demand, it can also lead to an expansion in credit supply via lower credit risk. Therefore, a tightening of LTV requirement should result in only a slight reduction in mortgage lending, coupled with lower interest rate margins. The article compares the impact of the tightening of three macroprudential tools, namely, bank capital requirements, mortgage risk weights and LTV limit. We find that broad-based capital requirements, such as the counter-cyclical capital buffer, are less efficient in leaning against the housing credit cycle, because of a relatively large cost incurred on the firm sector.
Forecast estimation of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the use of coal in the economy of Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Malyarenko O.Ye. , Maistrenko N.Yu. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Panchenko G.G ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to the study of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the predicted use of coal for the future, which is projected in the economic development of Ukraine until 2040. We analyzed the directions of present-day and promising use of coal in Ukraine according to the scenarios of its economic development with regard for the expected changes in its structure and volumes of technological energy saving for major consumers. The complexity of approach lies in taking into account the relations between economic, environmental, and energy challenges and constraints, i.e., determining the projected demand for coal takes into account the artificial restriction of access to energy resources in eastern Ukraine due to hostilities, restructuring the economy for military needs, and limited access to natural gas deposits as an alternative fuel in the Black Sea. The key issue in forecasting the demand for coal remains the maximally possible replacement of coal deficit by other, more affordable fuels (other brands of coal). It is important that Ukraine has acceded to the EU Directive on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and developed a National Plan to Reduce Emissions from Large Combustion Plants. Taking into account the assertions of this Directive, we determined the options of forecasted demand for electricity, heat and coal by 2040 in the country, aggregated economic activities, and for the population in the conservative scenario and calculated the forecasts of greenhouse gas emissions from using coal by consumer groups according to these options. With the introduction of technically possible volumes of technological energy saving in such sections of the economy as Agriculture, Transport, and Other economic activities, there will be an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from coal use, which are in significant relative to emissions in the industrial sector and the country as a whole. In the section Energy (Electricity supply, Water supply, etc.), the growth of coal consumption is caused by the predicted structure of electricity generating capacities, which is presented in the publication [5]. However, in the Mining and Processing Industry, a significant reduction of these emissions is expected, and, in the country as a whole by 2040, the total reduction will reach at least 3466 thousand tons of CO2-eq. at using coal. Keywords: demand, coal, structure of economy, technological potential of energy saving, greenhouse gas emissions
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF EARLY CHILDREN IN THE NUSUKAN RAILWAY ENVIRONMENT, SURAKARTA
Authors: Fikria Afi Zumrotul , Hartini Sri , Sufa Feri Faila
Published: September 2021

Children's social development is how early childhood interacts with peers, adults, and the broader community to adapt. Parents and the environments are figures or models closest to children and become role models for children. This study aimed to determine children's social behavior and the role of the environment on the social behavior of children aged 5-6 years in the Nusukan Surakarta railway environment. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods—sampling using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the Milles and Huberman model with three stages: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show that children's social behavior in the Nusukan railway area tends to be active, but some behaviors still need guidance so that children have good social behavior. It is inseparable from family environmental factors, both parents, siblings, peers, or other adults through their environment. Child development is strongly influenced by treatment or parental guidance for children in recognizing various aspects of social life or norms of social life. Social behavior is closely related to children's behavior in adjusting to the rules of society in the surrounding environment. Children obtain social behavior through maturity and learning opportunities from various stimuli provided by their environment.
PLAYING ORIGAMI DAN ITS IMPACT ON FINE MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AGED 4-5
Authors: Anisa Aghnia Nur , Syafrudin Ulwan , Drupadi Rizky
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of origami activities on the fine motor skills of children aged 4-5 years. This research is using an experimental design. This research was conducted in the CABI Tanggamus learning group, which was conducted on fifteen children using a one-group pre-test post-test design. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation and documentation. In this study, the pre-test results of children's motor skills were included in the Starting to Develop (MB) category, meaning the child obtained an average score of 26 from a maximum score of 72. After the treatment, fine motor skills were included in Developing as Expected (BSH). The results obtained after treatment showed a score of 58 from a maximum score of 72. The results of this study can be concluded that origami play activities can affect the fine motor skills of early childhood, which means that origami games provide changes in children's fine motor development. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends origami games to improve fine motor skills.
IMPROVING CHILDREN'S CREATIVITY THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES
Authors: Mamma Agustinus Tandilo , Sirjon Sirjon
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to increase children's creativity by exploring the natural surroundings of group A children at TK Tunas Dansari Dosay, Jayapura Regency. The subjects of this study were 15 children. This research is a classroom action research method using the action model from Kemmis and Mc Taggart. Data collecting was observation and documentation—data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed an increase in the creativity of group A children in TK Tunas Dansari Dosay. The research data showed that before the action, the average group value was 45.55%. After being given action cycle I, the average result was 55.55%; action II amounted to 63.33% and increased in action III 67.22%. In cycle II, an action I increased to 71.67%, action II increased to 75.55%, and action III increased to 81.10%. Based on these data, exploring the surrounding nature can increase the creativity of group A children at TK Tunas Dansari Dosay, Jayapura Regency.
“MY FIRST SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE” VIDEO-ANIMATION-BASED FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGED 4-6 YEARS FROM SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Zuhriyah Siti , Ndari Susianty Selaras
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to develop media “my first sexual knowledge" based on animated videos for the protection of children from sexual violence aged 4-6 years. The research method carried out by the researcher is the method research and Development. The development used is qualitative and quantitative according to the model ADDIE which consists of four components: Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations. This video has been validated by media experts with the final assessment results of 98.75% and 97.58%. Besides being validated by media experts and material experts, this video has also been tested on a small scale on 16 children accompanied by parents with the results of 85.03% and 90.20% has been tested on a large scale on 34 children accompanied by parents. small and large scale trials are categorized as very good. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, the video my first sexual knowledge is a reference for educators and parents to provide education to children so that they are protected from acts of sexual violence.
Effectiveness of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) in the Adult Population in the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Authors: Oppong Kwaku G. , Boakye-Gyasi Eric , Mensah Kwesi B. , Obeng Ralph , Abruquah Akua A. , Woode Eric
Published: September 2021

AIDS is the late stage of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Even though the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for the management of HIV/ AIDS has been in existence in Ghana since 2003, there is still limited data on their effectiveness. This study therefore sort to ascertain the effectiveness of HAART used at Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) Centres in the Ashanti region of Ghana by assessing its effects on immunological and haematological markers as well as some significant indicators such as body temperature and blood pressure changes. The study was a retrospective cross sectional study which reviewed medical record folders of 156 HIV infected patients who had attended the selected ART centres in the Ashanti region of Ghana between 2010 and 2014. About 49% of the study population had a significant rise in their CD4 counts after six months strict adherence to specific HAART regimen. HAART effectively reduced viral loads and increased CD4 counts in most of the patients whose medical record folders were reviewed. Socioeconomic factors, formal education and lack of health literacy had a significant effect on adherence to the HAART regimen, however; marital status of patients did not have any significant effect on adherence, CD4 counts and the haemoglobin concentration of patients. Based on results obtained from this study, HAART could be considered as effective in the adult population in the Ashanti region of Ghana provided there is a high level of adherence. Immunological and haematological markers for the assessment of effectiveness could also improve with high adherence recommended HAART regimen
Cost Analysis of Haemodialysis Patients in Government Tertiary Care Centre – A Pharmacoeconomic Study
Authors: MJ Manjula , P Deepak , R M Suresh , N Raghu
Published: September 2021

The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in India is rapidly increasing. Over 25 million of people suffering from ESRD, especially in rural areas. Many of these patients are not undergoing dialysis due to the factors such as lack of awareness, fewer treatment options, unaffordability prices due to low income, and minor reimbursement for chronic illness. The cost of hemodialysis in private hospitals is around 12.000 INR (Indian Rupee) per person monthly and 140.000 INR per year, which seem too expensive for middle and lower-middle-class of patients. Hence our study was aimed to analyze the healthcare cost of hemodialysis in government tertiary health care centers by analyzing the direct and indirect cost from the patient perspective. Sixty patients who underwent dialysis in Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital were included in this study. The demographic details, past and present medical history, cost per session of dialysis, laboratory examination, money spent on travel, and the working days lost were calculated. Out of 60 patient (male: 47; female: 17), 53 patients aged 18-65 years old. They belonged to lower-middle (38.33%), middle (23.33%), lower (21.66%), and upper-middle-class (8%). The average direct medical cost of each patient in one session of dialysis was 481.5 INR and indirect medical costs were 557.33 INR. Based on our observation, we conclude that the patients are having satisfactory outcomes, comparatively at low cost in our government dialysis unit. Government should encourage and also cover the mobile dialysis centers under government health schemes, by which the indirect medical cost can be reduced.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Daily Dosing versus Alternate-Day Atorvastatin Therapy in Patients with Dyslipidemia
Authors: Rodrigues Allen J. , Farookh Syed S. , Kamath Laxminarayana , K.R Raveendra
Published: September 2021

Dyslipidemia is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of diseases associated with atherosclerosis, including coronary artery disease and stroke. Statins are the first choice hypolipidemic drug which are the most effective and best tolerated agents for treating dyslipidemia. Atorvastatin confers an HMG-CoA reductase inhibition up to 20-30 hours which makes it even effective on the next day. The present study is randomized open labeled study done at Victoria Hospital - Bangalore to compare efficacy and safety of daily dosing versus alternate-day atorvastatin therapy in patients with dyslipidemia. A total of 86 patients with dyslipidemia were randomized into 2 groups. Group A received 10 mg of atorvastatin daily (DS) and group B received 10 mg of atorvastatin on alternate day (AS) for six weeks. Among the 86 patients included in the study, mean age of the participants in the AS group was 53.12 ± 10.32 whereas that in the DS group was 52.26 ± 11.13. LDL-C decreased by 25.3% versus 22.4% (CI 0.95, P = 0.35) on daily and alternate-day dosing, respectively. Also 12.5% versus 15% (CI 0.95, P= 0.83) improvement was seen with HDL-C. Both dosage regimens provided reductions in total cholesterol (20.7% versus 20.2%) and triglyceride (20.7% versus 21.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in reduction in lipid parameters between two groups. Adverse effects were found less occurred in alternate day therapy than daily therapy. Gastrointestinal disturbances and myalgia were most commonly reported in both groups. Hence this study concludes alternate-day atorvastatin is as effective as daily atorvastatin in dyslipidemia.
Antibacterial Activity of Red yeast rice Extract against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1683
Authors: Milanda Tiana , Zuhrotun Ade , Nabila Ulya , Gathera Vesara A. , Kusuma Arif S.W
Published: September 2021

Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-1683 are bacteria that cause skin infections, namely acne vulgaris and skin and soft tissue infection/SSTI. The increase in the number of resistant bacterial strains, such as MRSA,  requires the search for alternative antibiotics, including using natural ingredients. Red yeast rice is a product of rice fermentation by Monascus purpureus, which is known to have antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholesterol and immunomodulator. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of several red yeast rice extracts against these bacteria that cause skin infections. The research was carried out through the stages of collecting materials and identifying the yeast isolates, extracting of red yeast rice, phytochemical screening of red yeast rice extract, confirmation of bacterial test, preparation of bacterial test suspension, testing for bacterial resistance, testing for antibacterial activity of red yeast rice extract and determining the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the most active extract. The results showed that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts had antibacterial activity against P. acnes ATCC 11827 and MRSA ATCC BAA-1683. Both extracts contain compounds from the polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones and saponins group. Ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract with MIC values against P. acnes ATCC 1182 and MRSA ATCC BAA-1683 of 50 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL. The MBC values of ethyl acetate extract against these bacterial tests were 100 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract is more active against MRSA ATCC BAA-1683 than against P. acnes ATCC 11827. From the results of this study it is known that red yeast rice has activity against bacteria that cause skin infections, especially against MRSA
La gobernanza para la gestión activa del turismo: el caso de la Provincia del Tequendama-Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Villate Paola Andrea , Yesid Aranda-Camacho Yesid
Published: September 2021

La planificación de la actividad turística en el territorio requiere de adecuadas sinergias, escenarios para la participación efectiva y redes de acción política para acordar objetivos entre diversos grupos interés en pro de mejorar la gobernanza que se requiere para la gestión activa del territorio. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar las dinámicas relacionales de los actores vinculados a la actividad turística y establecer cómo estas inciden en la gobernanza para la gestión activa del turismo rural en la provincia del Tequendama. Se ha usado el análisis de redes sociales y de profundidad de contenidos relaciones usando como variables de la gobernanza: la confianza, cooperación, proximidad geográfica, proximidad organizativa, sinergias y coherencia. Los resultados muestran que las dinámicas relacionales identificadas entre actores son determinantes para planificar las acciones que se requiere implementar a fin de lograr una gestión activa de la actividad turística en el territorio; pese a existir escenarios para la concertación como la Mesa de Planificación y Gestión Turística del Tequendama, las decisiones que en ésta se adopta no logran escalar y ser incorporadas en las agendas políticas, primando una gobernanza sectorial pura en que instituciones públicas y privadas extra-locales son actores con poder decisorio. Los hallazgos de la investigación plantean retos para el mejoramiento de la participación de los actores locales a fin de lograr adecuada gobernanza territorial para planificar la actividad turística que se desarrolla el territorio.