bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Theoretical Structure of the Differential Ability Scales—Second Edition Through Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analysis
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , McGill Ryan J. , Canivez Gary L. , Peterson Christina H.
Published: March 2018

When the Differential Ability Scales–Second Edition (DAS-II) was developed, the instrument’s content, structure, and theoretical orientation were amended. Despite these changes, the Technical Handbook did not report results from exploratory factor analytic investigations, and confirmatory factor analyses were implemented using selected subtests across the normative age groups from the total battery. To address these omissions, the present study investigated the theoretical structure of the DAS-II using principal axis factoring followed by the Schmid–Leiman procedure with participants from the 5- to 8-year-old age range to determine the degree to which the DAS-II theoretical structure proposed in the Technical Handbook could be replicated. Unlike other age ranges investigated where at most 14 subtests were administered, the entire DAS-II battery was normed on participants aged 5 to 8 years, making it well suited to test the full instrument’s alignment with theory. Results suggested a six-factor solution that was essentially consistent with the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC)-based theoretical structure suggested by the test publisher and simple structure was attained. The only exception involved two subtests (Picture Similarities and Early Number Concepts) that did not saliently load on a group factor. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Characterization of stovetop cooking oil fires
Authors: Hamins Anthony , Kim Sung Chan , Madrzykowski Daniel
Published: March 2018

A series of cooking fire experiments were conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to examine the hazard associated with cooking oil fires. First, a series of 12 experiments were conducted on a free-standing stove situated in the open. The experiments were based on scenarios outlined in the draft UL 300A standard for fire suppression apparatus. Both the gas and electric ranges were tested. The amount of oil and types of cooking pans were varied in the experiments. Oil was heated on a cooktop burner until autoignition took place. Measurements of oil and pan temperatures, heat release rates, and heat fluxes were made to characterize the hazard of the ensuing fires. Next, two experiments were conducted using a full-scale residential kitchen arrangement to examine the hazard associated with the free-burning oil fires situated within a compartment equipped with commercial furnishings, fiberboard cabinets, and countertops. The dimensions of the test room were 3.6 m × 3.4 m × 2.4 m. Corn oil was heated on a cooktop burner until autoignition took place. Measurements of room temperature, heat fluxes, and heat release rates showed that even small cooktop fires spread and grew ultra-fast within the kitchen compartment.
Private Donations for Public Transit: The Equity Implications of Detroit’s Public–Private Streetcar
Authors: Lowe Kate , Grengs Joe
Published: March 2018

Transportation agencies are increasingly seeking private sector funding, but resulting deals have implications beyond specific projects. We analyze the broader regional and equity impacts of private funding by examining Detroit’s donation-funded streetcar. Despite potential negative consequences for transit-dependent populations, the longer-term political will forged through streetcar planning has a contingent possibility to enhance regional transit. In addition to donations, the streetcar relies on public sector funds, but we found limited public influence to ensure collective transportation benefits. A federal-level actor did mandate that a regional transit agency form, but more systematic public action is needed.
‘Bad’ Jobs in a ‘Good’ Sector: Examining the Employment Outcomes of Temporary Work in the Canadian Public Sector
Authors: Stecy-Hildebrandt Natasha , Fuller Sylvia , Burns Alisyn
Published: March 2018

Canada’s public sector has historically provided good jobs, but its increasing reliance on temporary workers has important implications for job quality. We compare temporary and permanent workers in the public sector on three dimensions of job quality (employment security, access to benefits and income trajectories) to assess whether favourable conditions in the public sector are extended to temporary employees, or whether polarization between temporary and permanent workers is the norm. We find provisions related to employment security and access to leave benefits in public sector collective bargains are clearly two-tiered. Drawing on nationally representative panel data, we also find a persistent earnings gap between matched permanent and temporary employees. Further, although temporary public sector workers out-earn their private sector counterparts, the earnings disadvantage relative to matched permanent workers is more pronounced and longer lasting in the public sector. Underlying this difference is greater persistence in temporary employment within the public sector.
Structure and properties of a phenylethynyl-terminated PMDA-type asymmetric polyimide
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Miyauchi Masahiko , Nutt Steven
Published: March 2018

A new polymerized monomeric reactant (PMR)-type polyimide, designated TriA X, was investigated to determine polymer structure, processability, thermal, and mechanical properties and establish the relationship between the molecular structure and those properties. TriA X is a PMR-type polyimide with an asymmetric, irregular, and nonplanar backbone. Both the imide oligomers and the cross-linked polyimides of TriA X exhibited loose-packed amorphous structures, independent of thermal processing. The peculiar structures were attributed to the asymmetric backbone, which effectively prevented the formation of closed-packed chain stacking typically observed in polyimides. The imide oligomers exhibited a lower melt viscosity than a control imide oligomer (symmetric and semi-crystalline), indicating a higher chain mobility above the glass transition temperature ( Tg). The cured polyimide exhibited a Tg = 362°C and a decomposition temperature = 550°C. The cross-linked TriA X exhibited exceptional toughness and ductility (e.g. 15.1% at 23°C) for a polyimide, which was attributed to the high-molecular-weight oligomer and loose-packed amorphous structure. The thermal and mechanical properties of TriA X surpass those of PMR-15 and AFR-PE-4.
Design and optimization of a modified series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain
Authors: Borthakur Swagata , Subramanian Shankar C
Published: March 2018

Hybrid electric vehicles are emerging technologies that are considered as eco-friendly alternative solutions to internal combustion engine–driven vehicles. This paper proposes a modified hybrid electric vehicle powertrain system that addresses the shortcomings of a series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. The proposed configuration replaces the conventional generator of a series hybrid electric vehicle with an integrated starter generator that supports the traction motor of the vehicle during acceleration and peak torque requirements and maintains the state of charge of the batteries to provide an extended electric range of the vehicle. The work done in this paper can be categorized into two stages. The first stage is the methodical development of the powertrain in terms of initial parameter matching and sizing of the vehicle components by considering the fundamentals of longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The second stage describes the optimization of the proposed configuration to meet the design objective of maximizing fuel economy subjected to a set of vehicle performance constraints. The performance of the proposed powertrain was evaluated and compared with a series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain for an on-road Indian driving cycle using AVL CRUISE, which is a commercially available software for the study and analysis of road vehicle powertrains. Result analysis during initial parameterization showed a reduction in gross vehicle weight of the proposed configuration by 244 kg (1.5%) and an improvement in the average operating efficiency of the traction motor by around 11%, when compared to a series hybrid electric vehicle. Furthermore, the optimization results for the proposed configuration established an improvement in the fuel economy by 21% while meeting vehicle performance requirements.
Innovative design and gearshift control for direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system equipped with servo synchronizer
Authors: Li Bo , Ge Wenqing , Yu Xiao , Shao Shilei , Liu Haitao
Published: March 2018

Automated mechanical transmission has many advantages such as simple structure, high mechanical efficiency, and low cost. But the poor gearshift performance restricts the massive application of the automated mechanical transmission, and it can be improved through innovation of structure and control. To reduce the requirement of shift force and improve the shift performance, a new direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system which consists of servo synchronizer and 2-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic actuator is adopted. The specific structure and working principle of the gearshift system including servo synchronizer are described, and the equation of force-amplifying ratio is deduced. Due to the complexity of the gearshift system and uncertainties of the gearshift process, active disturbance rejection control method is designed. The active disturbance rejection controller can eliminate the nonlinearity of the 2-degree-of-freedom actuator. The extended state observer can estimate and compensate the uncertainties, parameter variations, and external disturbances. Simulations are carried out, and the result comparison with proportional–integral–derivative controller indicates the superiority of the active disturbance rejection control method. Test bench and control system are developed to verify the performance of the newly designed system and control method. The experimental results show that, when the gearshift system is equipped with servo synchronizer, the driving force and the maximum volatility of driving force can be reduced by 35% and 5%, respectively, and the impact generated by active disturbance rejection control method is reduced by 36% compared with proportional–integral–derivative method. The new gearshift system achieves a better gearshift performance. Combined with the newly designed control strategy, the direct-drive electromagnetic gearshift system provides a new solution for automated mechanical transmission applications.
Friends With Health Benefits: The Long-Term Benefits of Early Peer Social Integration for Blood Pressure and Obesity in Midlife
Authors: Cundiff Jenny M. , Matthews Karen A.
Published: March 2018

In adults, greater social integration is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Social integration earlier in life may be similarly associated with cardiovascular risk. Using a longitudinal sample of 267 Black and White men, we examined whether greater social integration with peers during childhood and adolescence, assessed by parent report, prospectively predicts lower blood pressure and body mass index two decades later in adulthood and whether these effects differ by race, given well-documented racial disparities in hypertension. Boys who were reported by their parents to be more socially integrated with peers evidenced lower blood pressure and body mass index in adulthood, and this effect was not accounted for by body mass index in childhood, childhood socioeconomic status, childhood hostility, childhood physical health, extraversion measured in adolescence, or concurrent adult self-reports of social integration. Results did not differ by race, but analyses were not powered to detect interactions of small effect size.
Measurement, ontology, and epistemology: Psychology needs pragmatism-realism
Authors: Guyon Hervé , Kop Jean-Luc , Juhel Jacques , Falissard Bruno
Published: March 2018

Measurement in psychology is at the heart of a major debate in the academic literature. We aim to contribute to a critical discussion of this issue. We propose to reposition the object of this type of measure, namely a mental attribute as measured by mental tests. Mental attributes should be considered not as a true object independent of the knower, but as an emergent property of a person dependent on the social context. On the basis of this clarified ontology, we consider that an empirical approach to measuring a mental attribute is possible. This approach must be resolutely pragmatist and realist. In practical terms, this means that a test needs to be renegotiated relative to the context. The validation of quantitative measures requires verification of a certain number of criteria. Consequently, our work critically explores measures as they are usually implemented in the area of psychometrics.
Novel random pulse position modulation for three-phase four-leg inverters
Authors: Pan Tinglong , Wu Haopeng , Fu Chenghao , Wu Dinghui
Published: March 2018

Aiming at improving the harmonic spectra spreading effect, two randomized pulse position modulation strategies are proposed for three-phase four-leg inverters. Based on the volt-second balance law and the fixed switching frequency, the first proposed strategy places the center randomly during one carrier cycle with a limited degree of freedom, and the second proposed strategy randomly changes the carrier slope in each carrier cycle. To get better randomization effect of the proposed strategies, Well Equidistributed Long-period Linear algorithm was introduced to generate random numbers. In order to verify the validity of the proposed strategies, the modulation strategies are implemented with dSPACE DS1007-based real-time operating system. The experimental results show that the proposed strategies have dispersed the discrete harmonics to a wider sideband. Compared with the first strategy, a larger degree of freedom can be achieved in the second proposed strategy with lower harmonic spikes.
Malabar Ulema in the Shafiite Cosmopolis
Authors: Arafath P.K. Yasser
Published: March 2018

This article is an attempt to investigate the connections between Muslim ulema of Malabar and the general Muslim population in the Indian Ocean region. The ulema were part of an ever-evolving transnational knowledge network of this region in which various kinds of scholars and texts were in continuous motion. In the sixteenth century, in the wake of the expansion of Portuguese imperial ambitions, the ulema conceived of the importance of building Islamic communities of multiple resistances around shafiite texts and discourses. It looks at the complex scribal and hortatory engagements of the Malabar ulema and examines three major forms of resistance—pietistic, jurisprudential and physical—that they produced in the larger Indian Ocean region. Therefore, this article moves beyond the existing historiography that focuses on jihad (armed resistance) narratives, and demonstrates alternative ways of reading the period—which included the multiple ways in which the ulema constructed a consistent consciousness of resistance against the Portuguese. Arguments in the article are located within the concepts of fasad (social and political disorder) and fitna (collapse of internal cohesion)—two major Islamic social and political categories. They, I show, attained very specific scribal and theological significance in the Indian Ocean textual network in the sixteenth century, and also acquired particular kinds of textual idioms.
Borderline personality disorder: does its clinical features show specificity to differing developmental risk factors?
Authors: Parker Gordon , McCraw Stacey , Bayes Adam
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To determine if differing developmental factors show specificity to differing manifestations of borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Methods:

A clinical sample of 73 females diagnosed with BPD undertook a psychiatrist interview and completed self-report questionnaires, including the semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (DIPD-IV) assessing for BPD status. A set of negative and potentially traumatic developmental factors were included in the assessment.

Results:

Childhood sexual abuse, affirmed by 49% of the sample, showed specificity in being linked with DIPD-defined affective instability. DIPD-defined identity disturbance also showed specificity in being associated only with reporting significant non-sexual developmental trauma. DIPD-defined anger and paranoia/dissociation showed minimal specificity and were associated with most antecedent developmental factors in adulthood.

Conclusions:

Differing manifestations of BPD are likely to be shaped by specific and non-specific developmental events. Clarification of such links has the potential to shape more specific therapeutic interventions.
Are we missing dementia with Lewy bodies?: a case report
Authors: Wearne Deborah , Genetti Amanda , Restifo Sam , Harriss Alina
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

We aim to explore the importance of early diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies in order to facilitate effective psychiatric management. We present a case where delayed diagnosis stemming from an atypical presentation illustrates the complex issues involved in identifying and treating this type of dementia.

Conclusions:

We discuss the difficulty of diagnosis of this disorder in the absence of obvious memory dysfunction or parkinsonian symptoms. We use the case to draw attention to the limited availability of certain investigations and treatment options in Australia.
Ice in the Outback: the epidemiology of amphetamine-type stimulant-related hospital admissions and presentations to the emergency department in Hedland, Western Australia
Authors: Monahan Caitriona , Coleman Mathew
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

Despite research showing higher use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in rural areas, limited research has examined the epidemiology of ATS-related presentations and admissions to remote regional centres. To determine the epidemiology of ATS-related (a) Emergency Department (ED) presentations and (b) inpatient admissions over a five-year period at the Hedland Health Campus (HHC) in remote Western Australia.

Methods:

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Demographic data including gender, age and indigenous status were captured.

Results:

Four hundred and eighty-two ATS-related hospital presentations were identified during the study period. The most common reason for ED presentation was mental and behavioural problems. Of those presenting, 66% were male and 69% identified as Aboriginal. ATS-related ED presentations increased seven-fold over the study period. Ninety-nine ATS-related inpatient admissions were identified during the study period. Psychotic disorder was the most common reason for admission. Males made up 75% of admissions and 53% identified as Aboriginal.

Conclusions:

This study showed a disproportionally high burden of ATS-related harm among Aboriginal people. The number of ATS-related ED presentations and inpatient admissions increased significantly over the study period.
Legitimate authorities and rational taxpayers: An investigation of voluntary compliance and method effects in a survey experiment of income tax evasion
Authors: Robbins Blaine , Kiser Edgar
Published: March 2018

In order to collect the revenue necessary to fund public goods, a state is often required to both deter tax evasion and encourage voluntary tax compliance on the part of its citizens. While most prior research has focused on explaining tax evasion with standard economic model parameters, there has been growing interest in identifying the determinants of voluntary compliance. We build on this work by proposing a legitimacy-based model of tax compliance that accounts for why some citizens voluntarily comply with their tax obligations and others do not. To test our model, we develop and administer a survey experiment of income tax evasion to a large random sample of undergraduate students. We also investigate the extent to which design-based method effects bias our results, such as order effects, complexity effects, and missing information effects. Substantively, results strongly support the standard economic model of deterrence and weakly support the legitimacy-based model of voluntary compliance. Methodologically, we find no evidence of order effects, weak evidence of complexity effects, and suggestive evidence of missing information effects.
Provider Tools for Advance Care Planning and Goals of Care Discussions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Myers Jeff , Cosby Roxanne , Gzik Danusia , Harle Ingrid , Harrold Deb , Incardona Nadia , Walton Tara
Published: March 2018

Background:

Advance care planning and goals of care discussions involve the exploration of what is most important to a person, including their values and beliefs in preparation for health-care decision-making. Advance care planning conversations focus on planning for future health care, ensuring that an incapable person’s wishes are known and can guide the person’s substitute decision maker for future decision-making. Goals of care discussions focus on preparing for current decision-making by ensuring the person’s goals guide this process.

Aim:

To provide evidence regarding tools and/or practices available for use by health-care providers to effectively facilitate advance care planning conversations and/or goals of care discussions.

Data sources:

A systematic review was conducted focusing on guidelines, randomized trials, comparative studies, and noncomparative studies. Databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the proceedings of the International Advance Care Planning Conference and the American Society of Clinical Oncology Palliative Care Symposium.

Conclusions:

Although several studies report positive findings, there is a lack of consistent patient outcome evidence to support any one clinical tool for use in advance care planning or goals of care discussions. Effective advance care planning conversations at both the population and the individual level require provider education and communication skill development, standardized and accessible documentation, quality improvement initiatives, and system-wide coordination to impact the population level. There is a need for research focused on goals of care discussions, to clarify the purpose and expected outcomes of these discussions, and to clearly differentiate goals of care from advance care planning.
Efficacy of Maxillary Anterior Segmental Distraction Osteogenesis in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tanikawa Chihiro , Hirata Kae , Aikawa Tomonao , Maeda Jun , Kogo Mikihiko , Iida Seiji , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of maxillary anterior segmental distraction osteogenesis (MASDO) in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and to identify risk factors for increased relapse.

Design:

A retrospective study.

Patients:

Thirty-one Japanese patients with CLP who underwent MASDO were eligible for study inclusion.

Main Outcome Measures:

We evaluated lateral cephalograms obtained before (T1), at 3 months (T2), and at 1 year (T3) after MASDO, and measured changes from T1 to T2 (δT1T2), from T2 to T3 (δT2T3), and from T1 to T3 (δT1T3). We also evaluated the risk factors associated with an increased relapse.

Results:

Overall (δT1T3), MASDO improved retrusion of the maxilla. We measured a significant advancement (6.1 mm) of the anterior maxillary segment in δT1T2 (A-McNamara classification) and increases in the overjet and the SNA, ANB, and nasolabial angles. However, skeletal relapse was evident in δT2T3, and the median percentage of relapse was 10%. To explore the risk factors, we subdivided patients with a δT1T2 of >5 mm into 2 groups based on the percentage of relapse (>15% vs ≤15%). There were significant differences between these groups in the vertical positions of the anterior nasal spine and point A, and the angle formed by the SN and palatal planes (SNPP), suggestive of intraoperative counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla.

Conclusions:

MASDO is effective for correcting midfacial deficiencies, but counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla during surgery may cause relapse.
How Materiality Enables and Constrains Framing Practices: Affordances of a Rheumatology E-Service
Authors: Essén Anna , Värlander Sara Winterstorm
Published: March 2018

Framing has been presented as a way for micro-level actors to change and diffuse innovations. However, most framing studies have given primacy to language, whereas the role of material artifacts has been largely ignored. The aim of this study is to conceptualize and illustrate how the materiality of technology enables and constrains framing practices. We use empirical data about the development and diffusion of an e-service in the Swedish rheumatology setting from 2000 to 2014. Our results show how three different material features of the technology (data content, user rights, and system integration) initially afforded two different framings of the technology: normalizing and radicalizing framings. The material features, however, lost their ability to afford radicalizing framings over time, along with changes in the collective-action frames governing the field studied.
The “Magic” Positive-to-Negative Interaction Ratio: Benefits, Applications, Cautions, and Recommendations
Authors: Sabey Christian V. , Charlton Cade , Charlton Shawn R.
Published: March 2018

In an article published in 2000, Flora indicated that 5:1 is the “magic” ratio of positive-to-negative interactions. Flora’s position is characteristic of the pervasive idea that there is a “magic” ratio of positive-to-negative interactions for improving interpersonal relationships. In the field of education, teachers are often recommended to maintain a specific ratio of positive-to-negative interactions with students (e.g., 5:1). Although this rule has good face validity, there is a lack of empirical support for any specific ratio. The authors support the idea of maintaining a high positive to negative ratio but argue against the use of any specific ratio. They include a discussion of the history of positive-to-negative interaction ratio recommendations, a summary of relevant research on students with emotional or behavioral disorder (EBD), an exploration of how teachers might adhere to these recommendations, and how each approach might affect students. The authors provide recommendations for teachers, researchers, and instructors in teacher preparation programs: considering how teachers might use the concepts behind the positive-to-negative interaction ratio to improve teaching, how instructors in teacher preparation programs might better teach preservice teachers, and advising how researchers might work to better understand the high positive to negative ratio.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Differentiation Producing HCG: A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Maryamchik Elena , Lyapichev Kirill A. , Halliday Bradford , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: March 2018

We report a first case of paraneoplastic human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) production in a dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdosarcomatous differentiation in an 83-year-old man with a retroperitoneal mass, unilateral scrotal enlargement, and a serum HCG level of 843 IU/L. Core biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. Orchiectomy revealed a paratesticular dedifferentiated liposarcoma with rhabdosarcomatous differentiation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed on both the retroperitoneal and paratesticular masses revealed amplification of MDM2. The retroperitoneal tumor was interpreted as metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma with the dedifferentiated component represented by rhabdomyosarcoma. HCG production is a common feature of testicular germ cell tumors, less common in carcinomas, and extremely rare in sarcomas. Accordingly, sarcomas secreting HCG are a potential diagnostic pitfall, and raise the differential diagnosis of germ cell tumors and a variety of carcinomas. HCG production by carcinomas is a known poor prognostic finding, however the significance of its production in sarcomas is unknown.
Peritoneal Pulse Granulomas With Spiral Bodies Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Nassereddine Hussein , Poté Nicolas , Tammaro Pasquale , Couvelard Anne
Published: March 2018

Pulse (hyaline ring) granuloma, a rare entity first described in lung and oral cavity, has been reported under various names before the identification of hyaline rings as fragments of pulses (the edible seeds of legumes). Similar lesions were thereafter described in extra-oral localizations, mainly the gastrointestinal tract, or localizations having potential communication with the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, 2 reports described “spiral bodies” surrounded by foreign body–type multinucleated giant cell reaction in pulse granulomas, corresponding to remnant plant vascular structures (helical xylem elements). In this article, we report a case of a 70-year-old male patient presenting to our hospital for an incisional hernia repair. He had a history of antrectomy 2 years previously for perforated duodenal ulcer complicated with fecal peritonitis. During the hernia repair procedure, multiple peritoneal whitish nodules and one subserosal appendiceal nodule were found. Appendectomy and biopsy of a peritoneal nodule were performed. Microscopic examination showed nodular lesions located in the subserosa to be pulse granulomas. Also surrounded by histiocytes, spiraled thin and rigid foreign bodies were identified. In this article, we report a case of pulse granuloma with spiral bodies complicating perforated duodenal ulcer and mimicking a peritoneal carcinomatosis. We also provide a discussion on the origin of spiral bodies in light of relevant literature.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Combined Acetylcholinesterase Histochemistry and Calretinin Immunohistochemistry of Rectal Biopsy Specimens in Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Jeong Hasong , Jung Hye Ra , Hwang Ilseon , Kwon Sun Young , Choe Misun , Kang Yu Na , Jung Eunyoung , Kim Sang Pyo
Published: March 2018

Background. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) histochemistry has been established as an accurate diagnostic tool for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). In addition, calretinin immunohistochemistry is also reported as a reliable and adjunctive method to diagnose HD. We investigated the diagnostic value of combined AchE histochemistry and calretinin immunohistochemistry in rectal suction biopsies from HD and non-HD patients. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 99 rectal suction biopsy specimens including 4 repeat biopsies from 95 patients (34 HD and 61 non-HD). Each specimen was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin, AchE histochemistry, and calretinin immunohistochemistry. Results. Of 95 patients, only 21 (22.1%) showed some ganglion cells. All 61 non-HD cases revealed no abnormal AchE-positive fibers. Of 34 HD patients, 32 exhibited abnormal AchE fibers, but 2 showed no stained fibers. None of the tissues from the HD patients exhibited calretinin immunoreactivity. Test sensitivity and specificity of AchE histochemistry alone were 93.5% and 100.0%, respectively, while calretinin immunohistochemistry were 100.0% and 85.2%, respectively. Conclusions. AchE histochemistry is a good diagnostic method for HD, if feasible, and a combination of AchE histochemistry and calretinin immunohistochemistry will help increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of HD.
Strain Distribution in the Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament, Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament, and Interosseous Membrane Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Xu Daorong , Wang Yibei , Jiang Chunyu , Fu Maoqing , Li Shiqi , Qian Lei , Sun Peidong , Ouyang Jun
Published: March 2018

Background:

Ligament repair and augmentation techniques can stabilize syndesmosis injuries. However, little is known about the mechanical behavior of syndesmotic ligaments. The aim of this study was to analyze full-field strain, strain trend under foot rotation, and subregional strain differences of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), and interosseous membrane (IOM).

Methods:

Eleven fresh-frozen lower limbs were dissected to expose the AITFL, PITFL, and IOM. The foot underwent rotation from 0° to 25° internal and 35° external, with 3 ankle positions (neutral, 15° dorsiflexion, and 25° plantarflexion) and a vertical load of 430 N. Ligament strain was recorded using digital image correlation.

Results:

The mean strain on the AITFL with 35° external rotation was greater in the proximal portion compared with distal portion in the neutral position ( P = .009) and dorsiflexion ( P = .003). The mean strain in the tibial insertion and midsubstance near tibial insertion were greater when compared with other regions ( P = .018 and P = .009). The subregions of mean strain in the PITFL and IOM groups were not significantly different. The strain trend of AITFL, PITFL, and IOM showed common transformation, just when the foot was externally rotated.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study show that a significantly high strain was observed on the proximal part and the midsubstance near the Chaput tubercle of the AITFL when the ankle was externally rotated. All 3 ligaments resisted the torque in the syndesmosis by external rotation of the foot.

Clinical Relevance:

This study allows for better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the syndesmosis ligaments, which could influence the repair technique and AITFL augmentation techniques
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Memory: Moving Beyond Protein Degradation
Authors: Jarome Timothy J. , Devulapalli Rishi K.
Published: March 2018

Cellular models of memory formation have focused on the need for protein synthesis. Recently, evidence has emerged that protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is also important for this process. This has led to revised cellular models of memory formation that focus on a balance between protein degradation and synthesis. However, protein degradation is only one function of the UPS. Studies using single-celled organisms have shown that non-proteolytic ubiquitin-proteasome signaling is involved in histone modifications and DNA methylation, suggesting that ubiquitin and the proteasome can regulate chromatin remodeling independent of protein degradation. Despite this evidence, the idea that the UPS is more than a protein degradation pathway has not been examined in the context of memory formation. In this article, we summarize recent findings implicating protein degradation in memory formation and discuss various ways in which both ubiquitin signaling and the proteasome could act independently to regulate epigenetic-mediated transcriptional processes necessary for learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. We conclude by proposing comprehensive models of how non-proteolytic functions of the UPS could work in concert to control epigenetic regulation of the cellular memory consolidation process, which will serve as a framework for future studies examining the role of the UPS in memory formation.
Race and Legislative Responsiveness in City Council Meetings
Authors: Hoang Bai Linh
Published: March 2018

Legislative responsiveness under description representation, even at the local level, is often conceptualized as how elites act on or comply with the requests or preferences of minority constituents. In this article, I look at and evaluate a neglected but important dimension of responsiveness. Specifically, I investigate the impact of race on the verbal responses that legislators provide to constituents who speak at local public meetings. Through an analysis of data collected from city council minutes and direct observations of council meetings, I find a lack of evidence for the independent effect of race on legislative responsiveness in these meetings. However, I do find that the impact of race is conditional on the statements expressed by constituents.
Letters From Peplau
Authors: Peden Ann R.
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Dr. Hildegard Peplau, considered to be our first modern Nurse theorist and the Mother of Psychiatric Nursing, was a prolific writer, engaging in correspondence with colleagues and students who sought her professional and theoretical expertise. Through these letters, she influenced psychiatric nursing while maintaining a broad international network of professional colleagues. OBJECTIVES: An analysis of letters, written between 1990 and 1998, provides insights into Peplau’s last decade of professional life and a model of how to support the next generation of nurse scholars. DESIGN: Using content analysis, 24 letters received between 1990 and 1998 were read, reread, and coded. Recurring themes were identified. RESULTS: Three themes were identified. These include Peplau, the Person: Living a Life of Professional Balance; Lighting a Spark: Investing in the Next Generation; and Work in the Vineyards of Nursing: Maintaining a Life of Scholarship. The letters depict Peplau’s keen intellect, her wide professional network, her leisure time spent with family and friends, and her own work to assure that her theoretical legacy continued. CONCLUSIONS: Peplau’s insights continue to be relevant as psychiatric mental health nursing leaders engage in activities to support the next generation of scholars and leaders.
Predictors of School Garden Integration: Factors Critical to Gardening Success in New York City
Authors: Burt Kate Gardner , Burgermaster Marissa , Jacquez Raquel
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of integration of school gardens and identify factors that predict integration. 211 New York City schools completed a survey that collected demographic information and utilized the School Garden Integration Scale. A mean garden integration score was calculated, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of integration and assess relationships between individual integration characteristics and budget. The average integration score was 34.1 (of 57 points) and ranged from 8 to 53. Operating budget had significant influence on integration score, controlling for all other factors ( p < .0001). Partner organizations, evaluation/feedback, planning the physical space, and characteristics of the physical space were positively and significantly related to budget. The results of this study indicate that any garden can become well integrated, as budget is a modifiable factor. When adequate funding is secured, a well-integrated garden may be established with proper planning and sound implementation.
Circulating cell-free DNA does not harbour a diagnostic benefit in cats with feline diffuse iris melanomas
Authors: Rushton Jessica G , Ertl Reinhard , Klein Dieter , Tichy Alexander , Nell Barbara
Published: March 2018

Objectives

Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM) is the most common malignant primary intraocular tumour in cats, with reported metastases rates between 19% and 63%. Currently, the only available diagnostic tool for a tentative diagnosis is histopathological examination of the enucleated eye. Therefore, the veterinary ophthalmologist is often faced with the dilemma of whether to enucleate an oftentimes visual eye or to continue monitoring, with the risk of metastases developing. In the past, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gained more attention in human medicine, especially in the field of oncology. Prior studies have shown the use of cfDNA as diagnostic or prognostic markers in canine and human cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cfDNA concentration and integrity in cats with FDIMs compared with cats with benign iris naevi and without ocular abnormalities.

Methods

cfDNA from plasma of cats with iris melanoma (n = 34), iris naevus (n = 30) and without ocular abnormalities (n = 32) were extracted. Primer and probes for feline amyloid beta precursor protein ( APP) and beta actin ( ACTB) were designed for amplicons of various lengths and quantitative PCRs of extracted cfDNA were performed to measure cfDNA concentration and integrity of the plasma samples. Differences of cfDNA concentrations and integrity levels between the three groups (iris melanoma, iris naevi and controls) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results

cfDNA concentration and integrity analysis revealed no significant differences between the cats with iris melanoma, iris naevus or the control group ( P >0.01). Cats with metastases showed similar cfDNA concentration and integrity to cats without metastases.

Conclusions and relevance

cfDNA concentration and integrity seem to be insufficient as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in cats with FDIMs.
Toxic corneal ulcer: a frequent and sight-threatening disease
Authors: Sacchetti Marta , Lambiase Alessandro , Coassin Marco , Bonini Sergio , Bonini Stefano
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Overtreatment with topical ophthalmic preparations can lead to toxic corneal ulcer development. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and visual impact of toxic corneal ulcers and the management and risk factors for their development and outcomes.

Methods

Clinical records of 226 consecutive patients with corneal ulcers referred to our tertiary care center were retrospectively evaluated. Frequency, clinical features, and management of toxic corneal ulcers are described. The relationship between clinical severity and outcomes (healing time, corneal transparency, and visual acuity) of toxic corneal ulcers and the number and classes of topical drugs, the number of daily instillations, and the duration of treatment were statistically evaluated.

Results

Toxic corneal ulcer was diagnosed in 9% (21/226) of all patients. After topical treatment discontinuation, the cornea spontaneously healed in all patients in 2 to 21 days. A longer healing time was related to a greater number of topical drugs used (p=0.029), a greater frequency of daily instillations (p=0.042), and a longer duration of treatment (p=0.048). The specific drugs used did not significantly influence healing time. After resolution, 16 out of 21 patients showed corneal scarring and impairment of visual function. The severity of corneal haze was related to the number of drugs used (p=0.023), to the frequency of daily instillations (p=0.031), and to the healing time (p=0.008).

Conclusions

Toxic corneal ulcer is a frequent disease that can potentially lead to permanent visual impairment. A high-dose regimen is the major risk factor for corneal toxic ulcer development and poor visual outcomes.
Photoablation centration on the corneal optical center in myopic LASIK using AOV excimer laser
Authors: Wu Liangcheng , Zhou Xingtao , Chu Renyuan , Wang Qing
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with ablation centration on the corneal optical center with standard sphero-cylindrical ablation model.

Methods

A total of 119 eyes (60 patients) underwent primary myopic LASIK with standard sphero-cylindrical ablation model using AOV Excimer laser, and they were divided into 2 groups according to the ablation centration. The experimental group had 60 eyes (30 patients) with ablation centered on the corneal optical center and in the control group of 59 eyes (30 patients) ablation was centered on the pupil center. Patients' basic characteristics were evenly matched. The distance between ablation center and corneal vertex normal (DAV) was measured to describe the match of ablated tissue and virgin cornea. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) for a 6-mm pupil area between the 2 groups were compared.

Results

Mean DVA was 0.35±0.15 mm in the experimental group versus 0.69±0.23 mm in the controls, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in postoperative UCVA and BSCVA between the 2 groups (p>0.05). A total of 90% of eyes in the experimental group had residual astigmatism within 0.5 D versus 72.88% eyes in the control group, and the difference was significant (p<0.01). The increase of root mean square of HOAs was smaller in the experimental group (p<0.01), as compared to the control group.

Conclusions

The corneal optical center serving as the ablation center in LASIK with standard sphero-cylindrical ablation model may be superior to the entrance pupil center.
Influential factors on the survival of endothelial cells after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Lee Hyun Soo , Kim Man Soo
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the factors that influence the survival of corneal endothelial cells after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 83 eyes of 83 patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty and whose corneal endothelial cell density was more than 2000 cells/mm2 at postoperative 1 month. The patients were divided into 3 groups: keratoconus (Group 1), bullous keratopathy (Group 2), and herpetic keratitis with uveitis (Group 3), based on the underlying disease and the recipient's corneal endothelial state. We analyzed the difference of endothelial cell loss among the 3 groups and some risk factors such as preoperative glaucoma, postoperative increased intraocular pressure, graft rejection, peripheral corneal disease, and the donor trephine size.

Results

The corneal endothelium cell loss was significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 after 2 years. There were statistically significant differences of the rate of corneal endothelium cell loss for the eyes with preoperative glaucoma, postoperative glaucoma medication with more than 2 agents, graft rejection, and peripheral corneal disease, but the donor trephine size was not a significant factor for corneal endothelium cell loss.

Conclusions

For the eyes with bullous keratopathy and herpetic keratitis with uveitis, the survival rate of the endothelium was lower than that for the eyes with keratoconus. We should carefully manage patients who have risk factors such as graft rejection, peripheral corneal disease, and perioperative glaucoma to minimize the loss of corneal endothelium and to reduce graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty.
Comparison of IOP measurement by ocular response analyzer, dynamic contour, Goldmann applanation, and noncontact tonometry
Authors: Oncel Banu , Dinc Umut Asli , Orge Faruk , Yalvaç Belkis Ilgaz
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To assess the agreement among ocular response analyzer (ORA), dynamic contour tonometry (DCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and noncontact tonometry (NCT), and to determine the effects of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal hysteresis (CH) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with these devices.

Methods

Sixty healthy volunteers were recruited. The average of ORA (corneal compensated IOP [IOP-ORAcc] and Goldmann-correlated IOP [IOP-ORAg]), DCT, GAT, and NCT levels were compared and the devices were examined with respect to CCT and CH. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Mean CCT was 543.28±36.2 μm and mean CH was 10.87±1.27 mmHg. Mean IOP obtained using DCT was 16.4±2.9 mmHg, whereas those provided by ORA were 15.8±2.9 mmHg for IOP-ORAcc and 15.1±2.8 mmHg for IOP-ORAg. The mean IOPs obtained using GAT and NCT were 14.8±3.1 mmHg and 14.7±2.8 mmHg. The differences between the measurements of DCT and GAT, NCT, and IOP-ORAg were statistically significant (p=0.002, p=0.002, and p=0.015, respectively), but not between DCT and IOP-ORAcc (p=0.263). We did not detect a significant correlation between DCT and CCT, and IOP-ORAcc and CCT (p=0.081 and p=0.093). No correlation was observed between IOP-ORAg and CCT (p=0.067). We found a significant correlation between GAT and CCT, and NCT and CCT (p=0.004 and p=0.001). CH was detected to be correlated only to IOP-ORAcc (p=0.017).

Conclusions

IOP readings detected by DCT and IOP-ORAcc were not found to be clinically interchangeable with GAT and NCT readings. IOP-ORAcc and DCT readings may be regarded as comparable and independent of CCT, in the range of the normal IOP.