bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of enzyme preparations and temperature-time regimes of water-heat and enzymatic treatment in the development of complex technology of processing of grain raw materials
Authors: Zueva N. V. , Agafonov G. V. , Korchagina M. V. , Dolgov A. N. , Chusova A. E.
Published: October 2019

The article studies the selection of enzyme preparations of amilolitichesky action intended for receiving a starchy mash with the increased content of solids after release of gluten from it are conducted. Also comparative characteristic of the main indicators of quality of the distiller's beer received on estimated and classical technology was carried out, varying dosages of osakharivayushchy fermental medicines from 2 to 8 units of GLA/g of conditional starch. Process of a sbrazhivaniye of the concentrated mash depending on a dosage of the osakharivayushchy fermental medicine Biozim 800 L is studied.
The using of microwave, infrared heating in technology of carrot powder from refuse
Authors: Perfilova O. V.
Published: October 2019

In modern food industry in the innovative technologies development are frequently used physical methods for processing raw materials and food products. However, an analysis of the literature has shown that the mechanisms of the microwave and infrared (IR) energy influence on the nutritional value of raw materials and food products are not understood in full. At the same time, the processing of vegetable raw materials should be carried out using technologies are provided the maximum possible extraction from it of valuable nutrients, which are contained in it in optimal ratios and easily digestible form. A feature of the developed technology of carrot powder is the using of microwave heating for pretreatment of refuse to increase the antioxidant value on account of increasing in the content of free water-soluble antioxidants as a result of an increasing of cellular permeability and the effect of plasmolysis. For carrots refuse was determined a rational microwave treatment regime, which provides a maximum increasing of total content of antioxidants (38.0 mg/100 g or 191.0 mg/100 g solid): power – 800 W, time – 180 s, specific work – 720 W/ g?s, the heating temperature of refuse is 95 ?. Infrared drying used for intensification of refuse drying at a temperature of 60–65 ? for 220 minutes to a moisture content of 7.5–8%. As a result of infrared drying, the preservation of antioxidants are increases by an average of 12.5% compared with the convective drying method, which may be due to a decrease of drying time by an average of 1.7 times. Carrot powder made by the new technology with using of microwave accorded to the safety requirements, which indicates the possibility of its using in the production of food for various purposes. Thus, the developed technology allows to obtain additional products from the secondary raw materials of juice production such as powder with high antioxidant value.
Vegetable biocorrectors influence on the moisture state in functional purpose flour products
Authors: Rodionova N. S. , Popov E. S. , Matveev D. I. , Pevtsova E. S. , Sokolova A. V. , Diakov A. A.
Published: October 2019

The development of new technological solutions in the field of daily consumed food products, which have a directed corrective impact on the nutritional status of the human body and an extended shelf life is an important and urgent task. One of the alternative solutions to the problem faced is the introduction of flour products (crackers, biscuits, bread), enriched with biologically active substances of plant origin into the daily ration. They are economically accessible to the general population and suitable for sale in a network format, due to significant shelf life. Experimental studies to assess the effect of introduced biologically active substances on the shelf life of flour products through the study of changes in the content and ratio of various forms of bound moisture were carried out in the work. The study of moisture state in flour products was carried out by the method of differential thermal analysis using a synchronous thermal analysis device using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and non-isothermal kinetics. The objects of research were samples of flour products containing the composition of partially defatted wheat germ flour "Vitazar" and wheat bran, which were additionally added with seaweed powder, soy protein isolate, pea protein isolate, black cumin seed flour. Samples of flour products (biscuits) made according to traditional technology served as controls. A quantitative assessment of the ratio of moisture fractions with various bonds was carried out by the methods of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and non-isothermal kinetics. The ranges of endothermic effects, indicating stepwise moisture removal, in accordance with the forms and energy of its connection with the experimental samples biopolymers were identified in the work. Comparison of thermal effects characteristics recorded in the process of thermolysis of flour products samples, allows us to state an increase in the chemically bound moisture share in the test samples, as compared with the control sample and, as a result, an increase in shelf life.
Mechanism of the process of decomposition of apatitis with phosphoric acid
Authors: Sabirov R. F. , Makhotkin A. F. , Sakharov Yu. N. , Makhotkin I. A. , Sakharov I. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Experimental studies of the kinetics and mechanism of the process, decomposition of apatite by phosphoric acid, in the Apatite-H3PO4-H2O system without the addition of sulfuric acid have been performed. The study of the decomposition process of Kovdorsky apatite with certain particle sizes was carried out in a batch reactor with a volume of 1 dm3 with stirring of the reaction mixture, and an initial concentration of phosphoric acid of 17% by weight, at a temperature of 78–82 °C. Observation of the process was carried out by determining the concentration of phosphoric acid and the concentration of monocalcium phosphate. The acidity of the reaction mixture was determined by the pH meter readings (pH-105 MA with a glass combined-ESC-10603 electrode). It was shown that during the whole process a constant smooth increase in the pH value of the reaction mixture to pH 6 occurs. Comparison of the pH values of the reaction mixture during the actual at the time of determining the concentration of phosphoric acid and pH of phosphoric acid of the corresponding concentration in the aqueous solution shows that the pH value of the reaction mixture is significantly affected by the presence of monocalcium phosphate gel. During the process, during the first thirty minutes, the concentration of phosphoric acid decreases from 17 to 10% by weight, the corresponding quantitative formation of monocalcium phosphate gel and a proportional increase in the pH of the reaction mixture. Then, as the concentration of phosphoric acid decreases, the process slows down and does not proceed to the end under the experimental conditions. The dependence of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the reaction mixture on the time of the process of decomposition of apatite in phosphoric acid, which is presented in logarithmic coordinates, shows that the mechanism of formation of hydrogen ions during the whole process does not change. Thus, it is shown that the process of decomposition of apatite by phosphoric acid in the Apatite-H3PO4-H2O system proceeds with the formation of an intermediate product - monocalcium phosphate gel. When this occurs, a corresponding significant change in the pH values of the reaction mixture occurs. During the whole process there is a constant decrease in the concentration of phosphoric acid.
Kazakhstan's experience in regulating agro-industrial Complex within the framework of Interstate Processes
Authors: Mizambekova S. K. , Bogomolova I. P.
Published: October 2019

The effectiveness of state regulation of the agro – industrial complex of Russia and the efficiency of business activities of organizations-participants of industry markets is largely determined by the competent use of methods and tools used in the advanced countries of the world. For our country, the mechanisms of the former Soviet republics are the most acceptable. The study of the experience of these countries allows for more rapid and flexible market reforms, as well as to implement measures to stabilize the activities of agricultural organizations, processing enterprises and infrastructure entities in modern conditions, due to the fact that the transformation of their activities is significantly influenced by the factors of changes in the macro environment. It should be noted that in the current conditions, the management of risks that form threats to national security is due, among other things, to take into account the foreign economic and foreign policy situation and the international situation on the market of grain and products of its processing. The effective mechanisms of state management of integration processes in the technological chain of grain market organizations used in the Republic of Kazakhstan are considered. The features of integration tools caused by the development of market relations are revealed. Measures of state influence on regulation of functioning of the market of food wheat for the purpose of strengthening of food security and export potential of the country are established. The need to adapt the experience of Kazakhstan in reforming the Russian agroindustrial complex, which is important for strengthening the socio-economic stability of the state and the development of measures taking into account the transformation of interstate integration processes.
Income of the company and customer’s loyalty programs
Authors: Krikun E. S. , Suvorov N. S. , Ageeva E. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is about company’s income shaping by applying customer’s loyalty programs. As it reveals by the practice, companies widely applying loyalty programs, as an institutional form of communication for wide range of market participants. Loyalty programs, as a rule, contains instruments for increasing sales and selling additional products and services for existing customers. Performance of the company depends on its ability to generate enough inflows to payback operating costs and calculating profit. Our analysis shows that customer’s loyalty issues studying, as a rule, in the way to improve business competitiveness. Additionally, there is a necessity to negotiate all and any business decisions and also necessity of estimation its impact on company’s financial condition. The same time there are informational needs in the external analytics to proceed financial condition estimation and its dynamic. In that case company faces with the lack of transparency and objectivity of the information provided by financial reports. Company’s income shaping is a multifactorial process. The key value for the company’s financial reports belongs to income’s size and its dynamic. Withal, the size and dynamic of company’s income depends on the accepted accounting policy. The article studying issues about Russian companies accounting policy features linked to company’s income shaping by applying customer’s loyalty programs and its accounting and disclosure in the financial reports. In the current article we also paid attention to issues linked to the inflows information disclosure under International financial reports standards (IFRS). Defined, that customer’s policy development should be comprehensive, namely directed and to generate enough inflows, and defining its impact on financial reports and liabilities structure.
Spatial analysis of the development of innovative potential of enterprises
Authors: Anisimov Y. P. , Zhuravlev Y. V. , Kuksova I. V. , Balabanova E. I. , Zhilnikov A. Yu. , Elagina T. V.
Published: October 2019

The unstable development of the economy of the vast majority of Russian regions and unstable indicators in modern conditions require the establishment and determination of the causes of the observed negative events. This situation is relevant at the regional level, where, in addition to the devastating consequences, the inconsistency of state policy in the field of institutional Economics has created a General lag in the pace of socio-economic development. Based on this, the timeliness and relevance of the consideration of improving the instrumental forms of ensuring the spatially-uniform development of the regions is that the current stage of development of the regional economic level is identified by us with the increasing center-periphery differentiation. The processes of its growth, which are formed under the influence of evolutionary-acquired and inertial-hereditary factors, negatively affect the pace of socio-economic development of peripheral and semi-peripheral territories, do not allow to develop the real sector of the territorial economy, to improve the level and quality of life of the population of localities. In this regard, it seems that the solution of scientific problems of finding new and improving existing instrumental forms of spatially-uniform regional development is relevant in theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the element of scientific support for the development of the regional economy, its subsystems and components, and the study is desirable to focus on the growth of methodological principles of spatial development of most regions operating in the conditions of center-periphery stratification, as well as the argument of practical recommendations for their depolarization on the principles of improving the organizational and economic tools, as well as methods of analysis and evaluation of the spatial development of the region.
Application financial analysis methods for the designing of innovative food enterprises, aimed at import substitution
Authors: Chekudaev K. V. , Suyazova G. A. , Motina E. A. , Matvienko N. A.
Published: October 2019

The article formulates the problem of the lack of pectin production in the country, which affects the food security of Russia. The relevance and significance of this problem, as well as the feasibility of creating a pectin production line in the territory of the Voronezh Region are considered. Various technologies for the production of pectin are given, but the most progressive is the method of electro-membrane processing of technological media. Further, the work presents the production and financial plan of the projected enterprise for the production of pectin and based on its results, forward-looking financial statements are formed. To assess the probability of bankruptcy of an enterprise, it is necessary to create an adapted methodology for assessing the risk of bankruptcy. On the basis of a sample of enterprises whose activities are related to the production of thickeners and gelling agents, some of which are actual bankrupts, a modified Suyazova model is created. economic profitability indicators, current liquidity ratio, return on equity, stock turnover ratio, asset turnover and product sales profitability across all enterprises in the last three years of the company's activity were calculated. On the basis of the calculations made, a new method was obtained, defining 4 possible probabilities of bankruptcy: high, medium, low and minimal. The technique was tested on the same enterprises that were used to create it. Approbation of the methodology showed that in the year of bankruptcy all bankrupt enterprises were classified as bankrupt, and the existing ones were recognized as valid. The model also predicts the average and high probability of bankruptcy two years before the onset of insolvency. This allows us to conclude that the predictive power of the proposed methodology is high. The created model predicts minimal bankruptcy risk for the projected enterprise. Consequently, the creation of pectin production is recognized as expedient and the development of this enterprise must continue.
Social well-being of people and the strategy of innovative development of the enterprise
Authors: Kiseleva I. A. , Simonovich N. E. , Solomatina E. D.
Published: October 2019

The article describes the problems of introducing innovations in Russia from the point of view of the development of standardization processes in the field of risk management and the psychological development of the profession of a risk manager. The features of the development of innovative development of the enterprise, taking into account the state of social well-being of people, are considered. Innovation strategy, above all, implies strategic management, as an activity of forming and implementing the mission, the main goals of the company, which guarantee its development in an environment of constant competition and instability. Strategic management is an ongoing process of selecting and executing the organization’s activities, taking into account the social well-being of employees, based on predicting changes in the external environment, predicting problems based on expert decisions aimed at maintaining the company's created advantage.
The influence of innovative development on economic security of the region
Authors: Narolina J. V. , Sabetova T. V. , Shabutskaya N. V. , Gryshchenko N. V.
Published: October 2019

Fixed assets are an integral component of the productive capacity of any enterprise. The financial results of the enterprise largely depend on their intensity and efficiency of use. The analysis of fixed assets is usually carried out using an integrated and systematic approach, based on their availability, their movement, efficiency of use (including their active part). In the opinion of some authors, the traditional methods of analyzing fixed assets have a number of shortcomings, since they do not take into account the life cycle of an enterprise, the ecological aspects of the operation of fixed assets, the operation specifics of the individual divisions of a company and its branches. In order to improve the methodology for analyzing fixed assets, the authors proposed to use formalized and non-formalized criteria for analyzing the risks associated with the fixed asset use. A survey questionnaire was designed to determine the likelihood of the risk of economic losses associated with the use of fixed assets. The authors propose using the integral indicator for the purpose of analyzing the risk of using fixed assets in dynamics. In order to improve the procedure for auditing, the authors proposed segregation of economic transactions with fixed assets according to their cycles in accordance with the stage of their reproduction. Operational analysis is important for managing the efficiency of the fixed asset use, especially during a critical period. Using the analysis of the regularity in grain combines performance would reduce losses during harvesting, implement the work within strictly defined time frame and remunerate the employees for high-quality and intensive performance of their tasks.
Mathematical modelling of the process of rinsing centrifugal draught ferry (on the example of sugar production)
Authors: Slavjanskij A. A. , Semenov E. V. , Alekseev A. A. , Antipov S. T.
Published: October 2019

It is known that in the process of crystal formation in vacuum apparatus grocery sugar factory Office crystalline white sugar covered by a film of such qualitative indicators affecting commodity sugar substances as liming and coloring substances. So at a sugar factory, one of the important operations process flow for obtaining sugar high product standards is it washing. At the same time, in implementing this process, use water in two phase conditions-a liquid or vapor. Because from an economic point of view, this procedure is quite expensive, in production environments to reduce labor and material costs, are resorting to various ways to less expensive equipment and process technology washing of granulated sugar. Moreover, although it is more often used in the production of water, according to experts, the process of washing by centrifuging massecuite layer of crystalline white sugar economically feasible to conduct, using no water, and water vapor. In particular, if you rinse the sugar vapor due to condensation heat allocated about half of a film on experiencing enormous heating in several tens of degrees Celsius, which reduces the viscosity and facilitate its films Office in the form of liquid. However, it should be noted and clearly insufficient elaboration, with the purpose of forecasting of the washing of the ferry, as low density liquids, sugar-sand theoretical base for its convenience. Therefore, in the work, analyzing process flow a couple of washings quantitatively the compacted layer of porous systems as granulated sugar, use a porous system hydrodynamics position when for a vaporous fluid through a layer of granulated sugar simulate fluid flow in an isolated capillary tube. That allowed when calculating the effectiveness of steam wash a layer of granulated sugar to implement based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of convection diffusion corresponding numerical experiment and offer it for engineering calculation of the process.
Perspectives on the Use of Hyaluronidase from the Red King Crab Hepatopancreas in Treating Filler Complications: In Vitro Investigations
Authors: Ponomareva Tatyana , Sliadovskii Dmitrii , Timchenko Maria , Molchanov Maxim , Timchenko Alexander , Sogorin Evgeny
Published: October 2019

This study focused on hydrolysis of cosmetic fillers hyaluronic acid (HA) and kinetics of the HA hydrolysis using the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. Turbidimetric analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a bell-shaped time dependence of aggregation formation. It was shown that the obtained homogenate has the similar activity to the commercially available hyaluronidase. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination found that the HA fillers were represented by spherical-like structures. These structures were destroyed under the action of the homogenate of the red king crab hepatopancreas. NMR of the reaction mixture showed that HA degradation lasts for some days, but a maximum rate of the reaction is detected in the first hours of incubation. The preparation with hyaluronidase activity obtained from the red king crab hepatopancreas could be used as potentially safe product for treating filler complications.
On a Laser (3+1)-Dimensional Vectorial Cubic-Quintic Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation and Modulational Instability
Authors: Djazet Alain , Fewo Serge I. , Tabi Conrad B. , Kofané Timoléon Crépin
Published: October 2019

Interaction of an electromagnetic field with matter in a laser cavity without the assumption of a fixed direction of the transverse electric field, described by the two-level Maxwell-Bloch equations, is studied. By using a perturbative nonlinear analysis, performed near the laser threshold, we report on the derivation of the laser (3+1)D vectorial complex cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. Furthermore, we study the modulational instability of the plane waves both theoretically using the linear stability analysis, and numerically, using direct simulations via the split-step Fourier method. The linear theory predicts instability for any amplitude of the primary waves. Our numerical simulations confirm the theoretical predictions of the linear theory as well as the threshold of the amplitude of perturbations. The system understudy shows a deep dependence on the laser cavity parameters, for which there appear wave patterns in accordance with the predictions from the gain spectrum.
Long Term Survival in Patients Suffering from Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Single-Centre Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Armocida Daniele , Pesce Alessandro , Di Giammarco Federico , Frati Alessandro , Santoro Antonio , Salvati Maurizio
Published: October 2019

Background: Glioblastomas (GBM) is generally burdened, to date, by a dismal prognosis, although Long Term Survivors have a relatively significant incidence. Our specific aim was to determine the exact impact of many surgery-, patient- and tumor-related variable on Survival parameters. Methods: The surgical, radiological and clinical outcomes of patients have been retrospectively reviewed for the present study. All the patients have been operated on in our Institution and classified according their Overall Survival in LTS (Long Term Survivors) and STS (Short Term Survivors). A thorough Review of our surgical series was conducted to compare the oncologic results of the patients in regards to 1. Surgical , 2. Molecular, and 3.Treatment related features. Results: A total of 177 patients were included in the final cohort. Extensive statistical analysis by means of univariate, multivariate and survival analyses disclosed a survival advantage for patients presenting a younger age, a smaller lesion and a better functional status at presentation. From the Histochemical point of view, Ki67(%) was the strongest predictor of better oncologic outcomes. A stepwise analysis of variance outlines the existence of 8 prognostic subgroups according to the molecular patterns of Ki67 overexpression and EGFR, p53 and IDH mutations. Conclusions: On the ground of our statistical analyses we can affirm that the following factors were significant predictors of survival advantage: KPS, Age, Volume of the lesion, Motor disorder at presentation, a Ki67 overexpression. A fine molecular profiling is feasible to precisely stratify the prognosis of GBM patients.
Materials for Gas-Thermal Spraying, Obtained by Diffusion Alloying from Powders Based on Austenitic Steels
Authors: Panteleenko F. I. , Okovity V. A. , Panteleenko A. F.
Published: October 2019

The article presents experimental studies of composite powder materials for plasma spraying, obtained by the method of diffusion doping of powder materials based on austenitic steels. It is indicated that the main factors forming the diffusion layer on a powder material are a composition of the required saturating medium, treatment temperature and duration of chemical and thermal exposure. Creation of single-phase diffusion layers is possible only in the case of a minimum level of temperature-time characteristics during heat treatment. This is also facilitated by the use of media with a low concentration of boron and introduction of additives inhibiting saturation process (such as carbon, aluminum, silicon) into a saturating mixture of powder. Structure and composition of powders have been thoroughly investigated with the help of X-ray microanalysis that has made it possible to study location of elements contributing to powder alloying and micro-durametric characteristics. A component of high-boride phase is increasing due to higher degree of powder material alloying. Significant changes in phase composition, as well as the chemical one, are noticeable in diffusion processing of the following alloyed powder materials: РR-Х18N9, РR-Х18N10, РR-Х18N15. Free carbon being displaced by boride into a transition zone creates dispersed complex carbide compounds with chromium. This is confirmed by distribution nature of carbide-forming components in a powder particle. All carbide-forming elements have characteristic concentration peaks-bursts in contrast to non-carbideforming silicon. Silicon is practically not present in the considered FeB phase and it is found only in a very small amount in the studied Fe2B phase; it is pushed aside by high-boride phases to a sublayer. The change in microhardness of the FeB and Fe2B phases under study is associated with dissolution of corresponding alloying elements in them and distortions of a crystal lattice in borides. A similar phenomenon is also characteristic for saturation while using boron or while making chemical and thermal treatment of alloyed steels, it has been noted in a number of studies. The increase in microhardness of a particle nucleus during its boriding is caused by displacement of carbon and alloying elements by growing front of boride phases. A core zone moves with an increased microhardness to a particle core while increasing temperature mode and time of boronization and up to realization of the effect with counter diffusion.
About Application the Tyre-Road Adhesion Determination of a Vehicle Equipped with an Automated System of Brake Proportioning
Authors: Leontiev D. N. , Nikitchenko I. N. , Ryzhyh L. A. , Lomaka S. I. , Voronkov O. I. , Hritsuk I. V. , Pylshchyk S. V. , Kuripka O. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper considers a method for calculation and evaluation of an automated brake proportioning system and it also describes assessment of efficiency while using cohesion forces of an automated system during vehicle braking process (MAZ 256200 taken as an example). A method for efficiency estimation of the vehicle braking equipped with an automated brake proportioning system is graphically presented in the paper. A comparable analysis has been made in order to evaluate vehicle braking efficiency in three various conditions of its wheel motion during braking process. The paper contains description of braking processes for a vehicle at its idealized braking, at braking with an operating automated system and at braking with blocked wheels. Mathematical dependences have been proposed and they make it possible to calculate a coefficient of cohesion forces used by an automated brake proportioning system on the basis of time parameters for vehicle braking process. The proposed mathematical dependences take into account design peculiarities of the automated system, i.e. a diagram of modulator arrangement on axes of the vehicle. The executed analysis for calculation accuracy of the coefficient pertaining to use of cohesion forces of the automated system with and without taking into accout rolling force resistance of the vehicle wheels has demonstrated a possibility to apply the proposed calculation methods for carrying out auto-technical expertise while investigating road-traffic accidents involving transport facilities equipped with such systems as ABS. The paper proposes a dependence for identification of a vehicle braking distance on the basis of the coefficient on use of cohesion forces by the automated brake proportioning system. The executed experimental investigations on both test and serial models of the automated brake proportioning system have allowed to justify theoretical discussions concerning application of tyre-road adhesion in the operational process of the vehicle brake proportioning system. The investigation results have shown high efficiency of the test automated brake proportioning system developed by Chair of Automobiles in the name of A. B. Hredescul at Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University under the following braking conditions: dry road surface and compacted snow cover.
Experimental Investigations on Determination of Polymer Packing Material Composition with Biocide Additives
Authors: Kuzmich V. V. , Kozlov N. G. , Karpunin I. I. , Balabanova O. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper shows that creation of materials with antibacterial and antifungal action presupposes an introduction of additives in them. One of the directions concerning fight against mold fungi is an inclusion of biocide additives having vegetable origin in structure of polymer materials used for manufacturing packing products. The main mission of anti-microbial additives is reduction of microbe amount in product mass and on its surface. Activity of anti-microbial compounds depends on the following parameters: concentration of active component, pH, temperature, polymer type, introduction method (with plasticizer or in melting state) and time period of their contact with polymer. In addition it is necessary to take into account such not unimportant factor as sensitivity of micro-organisms. Modern film polymer materials ensure only a certain level of product protection. They can not targetedly affect biochemical and microbiological changes in a packing product. It is necessary to develop new packing materials with selective permeability that create a barrier on the way of extremely intensive gas and moisture exchange, outside microflora flow, and prevent an evolution of undesired micro-organisms on packing products. Polymers have been selected as a basis for a bactericide packing material. Investigations have shown that composition including PEHP 98% (polyethylene of high pressure) + DGR (disproportionate gum rosin) + DETA (diethylenetriamine) has inhibited (hindered) sufficiently in a good way growth of mold fungi and PEHP composition with additives of tallow pitch and polyethylenepolyamine has demonstrated a rapid deterioration of strength characteristics and an increase in additive of the supposed mixture including pine oleoresin (POR) with DETA and DGR (with DETA more than 2%) hinders rapidly strength material characteristics.
Investigations on Stresses in Optical Components with Spherical Surfaces
Authors: Kozeruk A. S. , Malpica Y. L. , Filonova M. I. , Kuznechik V. O.
Published: October 2019

The paper has substantiated an expediency to fix lenses with a thin center (biconcave, flat concave and negative meniscus) to a non-operational cylindrical surface. This avoids their temperature distortion at the blocking stage which is a reason for occurrence of irremovable micro and macro errors on executive surfaces of a component after its unblocking and it causes astigmatism in an image which is formed by an optical-electronic device. The paper considers a method for attachment of a lens to its side surface and it contains a design description of the device for mechanical attachment of the studied lenses during their simultaneous double-sided abrasive processing under free-grinding conditions. The paper presents a methodology for determination of a stressed state in lenses, which is based on a mathematical model of a uniform elastic isotropic deformation of a solid body. This approach takes into account a finite element method which consists in an approximation of a body under study with the help of a model presenting a set of elements with a finite number of freedom degrees which are interrelated at node points. The investigations have been executed with the purpose to study a nature of deformation distribution in a lens which made it possible to establish a directly proportional dependence of displacements in the center of the part on the magnitude of clamping forces. The paper reveals an insignificant influence of a clamping force magnitude and elastic characteristics of a lens on an optimum position of an application plane of its clamping forces. A non-contact method for monitoring errors on a polished lens surface using an interferometer with a reference front surface has been proposed in the paper.
Influence of Loading Frequency on Fatigue of Construction Materials
Authors: Mylnikov V. V.
Published: October 2019

Investigations have been carried out in respect of structural steel and titanium alloy fatigue at various cyclic loading frequencies and these investigations have made it possible to reveal regularities in changes of parameters pertaining to fatigue resistance and stability behaviour of the tested materials. A change in cyclic loading frequency affects duration of a single (during one cycle) stay of the material in the loaded state and it has an impact on its durability. In addition, with an increase in frequency of load cycles, deformation rate becomes higher, and stress build-up time is decreasing, while distortion of a crystal lattice is increasing due to reduction of time for development of a weakening process. This process is accompanied by an increase in intensity of grain crushing into fragments and blocks, and their disorientation. Tests on cyclic strength of the studied material samples have been carried out at various frequencies and at a room temperature according to the following loading schemes: cantilever cyclic transverse bending of a flat sample; cantilever bending with rotation of a cylindrical sample; axial tension on a pulsating cycle. Quantitative estimates of a fatigue resistance index in the form of slope tangent in a left branch of the fatigue curve to a cycle axis have been used in order to analyze and evaluate performance and stability of the tested materials. Methods for mathematical statistics have been applied to process the obtained results. Graphic dependences of fatigue curves have been plotted in logarithmic coordinates that allowed to obtain straightening of approximating lines for experimental data. The investigations have revealed that loading frequency has an ambiguous effect on fatigue resistance due to some differences in materials in respect of their reaction to changes in a load spectrum within different areas of the fatigue process, but at the same time it has been found that an increase in fatigue strength leads to a slope decrease in the fatigue curve regardless of a decrease or an increase in a load frequency. The paper proposes a new approach to assess a cyclic strength and durability of materials, and it comprises a system of parameters including a relative coefficient of limited endurance, a correlation coefficient and a slope tangent of the fatigue curve. Behavior dynamics for real machine parts and structures made of these alloys under operating conditions has been indicated in the paper.
Determinant Factors Motivated Waqif to Donate Waqf
Authors: Jazil Thuba , Rofifah Safirah , Nursyamsiah Tita
Published: October 2019

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the waqf motivation in carrying out waqf in Bogor City. Primary data and questionnaire techniques were used by distributing to 103 waqif respondents. Factors were grouped into 2 categories, internal and external. Internal factors were religiosity, waqf literacy, trustworthiness in waqf institutions, income & wealth. Meanwhile, external factors included performance efficiency, tax incentives, the role of government, and the role of scholars. The method used was path analysis for internal factors and multiple linear regression analysis for external factors using SPSS 21. The results showed that waqf literacy and trustworthiness affected religiosity and also to waqf motivation while income & wealth had no effect. The role of government and the role of scholars had a significant positive impact on waqf motivation, but the performance efficiency of the institution and tax incentive had no significant effect. الملخص: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة دوافع الوقف في تنفيذ الوقف في مدينة بوجور. تم استخدام تقنيات البيانات الأولية والاستبيان من خلال توزيع ما يصل إلى 103 من مستجيبي الواقف. تم تجميع العوامل في فئتين، داخلية وخارجية. العوامل الداخلية هي التدين، ومحو الأمية الوقفية ، والجدارة بالثقة في مؤسسات الوقف، والدخل والثروة. وفي نفس الوقت، تشمل العوامل الخارجية كفاءة الأداء، والحوافز الضريبية، ودور الحكومة، ودور العلماء. كانت الطريقة المستخدمة هي تحليل المسار للعوامل الداخلية وتحليل الانحدار الخطي المتعدد للعوامل الخارجية باستخدام SPSS 21.  وأظهرت النتائج أن محو الأمية الوقفية والجدارة بالثقة أثرت على التدين وأيضًا على دافع الوقف في حين أن الدخل والثروة لم يكن لهما تأثير. كان لعامل دور الحكومة ودور العلماء تأثير إيجابي كبير على دافع الوقف، ولكن عامل كفاءة أداء المؤسسة والحوافز الضريبية ليس لهما تأثير كبير. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi motivasi wakif dalam menunaikan wakaf di Kota Bogor. Data primer dan teknik kuesioner digunakan dengan disebarkan kepada 103 responden wakif.  Faktor dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kategori, internal dan eksternal. Faktor Internal yaitu religiositas, literasi wakaf, Kepercayaan terhadap lembaga wakaf, pendapatan & kekayaan. Sedangkan, Faktor eksternal diantaranya efisiensi kinerja, insentif pajak, peran pemerintah, dan peran ulama. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur (path) untuk faktor internal dan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk faktor eksternal menggunakan SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi wakaf dan kepercayaan berpengaruh terhadap religiositas dan juga ke motivasi wakaf sedang pendapatan dan kekayaan tidak berpengaruh. Faktor peran pemerintah dan peran ulama berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap motivasi wakaf, akan tetapi efisiensi kinerja lembaga dan faktor insentif pajak tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan.
Velocity Building Strategy for Imaging Deep Low Relief Structure in Tarim Basin
Authors: Zhao Mingqiu , Yuan Liao , Li Qing
Published: October 2019

The gas reservoirs in the northern Tarim basin in the western China are situated in the deep (4-5km) low relief structure. The complex near surface geology, e.g. rugged terrain, meandering rivers, channels and alluvial fans, results in a very complex near surface velocity structure, which has been a huge challenge for advanced anisotropic migration algorithms. The local but frequent variation due to heterogeneity or faulting in the thick overburden also has a significant impact on the structural shape and the depth accuracy of the deep reservoir. Recent drilling results show multiple cases of seismic-well depth reversal in the Hongqi gas field in Tarim basin. We explored the fundamental issues behind the reversed seismic-well depth relationship and concluded that conventional velocity building procedure could not capture the local but quick change in the overburden. We employed different velocity building and imaging strategies: (1) true ground surface or optimized ground surface using small grid smoothing as the top of velocity model and migration datum, (2) velocity for different depth levels from the near surface (0-300m), to the shallow depth (~300-~3000m), and to further deep intervals (>3000m) using different techniques and constraints, and (3) anisotropic parameters are updated during grid reflection tomography for the specific media in this field so as to enable an anisotropic PSDM. The resulting composite velocities successfully solved the seismic-well depth reversal in the Hongqi gas field.
Formation Evaluation Using Advanced Pulsed Neutron Tools
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , Mostefai Ilies , Kokal Sunil , AlKhateeb Abdulaziz
Published: October 2019

Pulsed neutron log provides a valuable method of evaluating cased hole formations. It is commonly used to monitor reservoir performance and depletion over a long period of time. The tool can be used to monitor sweep efficiency during waterflooding and enhanced oil recovery stages. It can provide valuable data that can be used to fine-tune the simulation model predictions.

Pulsed neutron tools are commonly run, in either capture or inelastic modes, to estimate time-lapse fluid saturation changes behind the casing they consist of one neutron generator and a number of gamma ray detectors at different distances from the neutron generator. The tools are run in different modes to investigate front movement and 2-phase/3-phase saturation profile under challenging borehole conditions.

The older generation 2-detectors tool is highly affected by the borehole environment, and therefore saturation. The two new generation 3-detectors and 4-detectors tools seem better in detecting and quantifying the fluid saturation. Subsequently, the 3-detectors tool is seemingly the best in terms of delivering robust answers in complex and unknown borehole conditions.

The log results from the new generation tools were useful for tracking the 2-phase/3-phase fluid front movement, identifying swept intervals. This paper compare the design and implementation of the different pulsed neutron tools generations, limitations and operational issues, and log results interpretation
An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Predict Molar Compositions of Reservoir Fluid Components
Authors: AlMatouq Hana , Alabbad Mohammed , Anifowose Fatai
Published: October 2019

Reservoir fluid composition is an essential element in the planning and development of petroleum fields. Experimental analysis and computational modeling are performed on reservoir fluid samples to find molar compositions and to understand fluid behavior throughout the life cycle of the reservoir. There are various computational practices to simulate reservoir fluids behavior applying equation of states and other approaches. However, with the aid of the 4th industrial revolution, and with many successful applications of artificial intelligence in the oil and gas industry, an artificial neural network model was built to predict molar compositions for different reservoir fluids.

The expert system described in this work is a tool which can be used to predict molar compositions of reservoir fluids. One of the main challenges in predicting fluid compositions is its complexity and its wide differences. There are huge composition variations between different formations and sometimes within the same formation due to possible existing compartments in the reservoir. Moreover, the compositions vary with several factors such as location, reservoir conditions, and time. Therefore, the inputs to the ANN model should include well location 3D coordinates, reservoir conditions, API gravity, gas specific gravity, average molecular weight, sampling date, as well as reservoir and field information.

The ANN model was trained based on historical experimental data of fluids from different fields and formations. Different cases and error analysis were performed to optimize the prediction accuracy of the developed tool. A feedforward back-propagation algorithm was applied in building the model. Results indicated that a more accurate model could be obtained without grouping any hydrocarbon components. A successful prediction of molar composition was achieved using the built ANN model. This method can add a great value to the reservoir characterization process as the fluid molar composition can now be predicted using simple measurements of fluid properties and other reservoir data that can be easily obtained.

Introducing this ANN model into the process of fluid compositional analysis will optimize the operational process by reducing the time and cost associated with the experimental analysis.