bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women with Hepatitis C in Civil Hospital Karachi
Authors: Qamar Tara Ahmed , Naz Urooj , Hira Aruna Kumari , Naz Uroosa , Jabbar Shazia , Kazi Sarah
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of gestational diabetes in pregnant women with hepatitis C who presented at civil hospital Karachi Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at the Gynae and OBS department of Civil Hospital Karachi during the period of one year from December 2019 to December 2020, after obtaining approval from the IRBD of DUHS, DMC Civil Hospital, Karachi. Pregnant women with singleton pregnancies aged 16 to 45 years with positive HCV antibodies according to Elisa method tests were included in the study. Eligible patients were tested for glucose tolerance by performing an OGTT. The serum glucose level was measured using a glucometer. A study proforma was used to collect the information, and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 197 HCV positive pregnant women were studied; their average age was 28.83±3.77 years and their average gestational age 25.95±1.45 weeks. The frequency of gestational diabetes among pregnant women with hepatitis C was 35.53% (70/197). The rate of gestational diabetes was associated with age groups (p = 0.020), while the frequency of gestational diabetes was statistically insignificant according to gestational age and duration of HCV (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, the frequency of gestational diabetes was observed to be frequently high among HCV positive pregnant women. Based on these findings, pregnant women who have HCV are at an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes. Keywords: HCV, pregnancy, Gestational diabetes
The Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Women A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghani Azra.A. , Islam Siraj Ul , Hamayun Saima , Ibrahim Mohd , Shoab Mohd. , Ullah Sami
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of urine incontinence in pregnant women. Study design, Place and Duration: This cross-sectional study conducted at the department of urology LRH hospital Peshawar from January 2021 to July 2021, over a six-month duration. Methodology: After 26 weeks of pregnancy, as determined by either the woman's LMP (last menstrual period) or an ultrasound performed in the first trimester, a random sample of 160 healthy pregnant women was questioned and their responses were recorded on a proforma. Urinary incontinence, renal failure, diabetes, and gestational diabetes were all conditions that disqualified women from inclusion in the study. Interview data was used as the primary method of assessing the prevalence of urine incontinence among pregnant women. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 45%, with 74 out of 160 women reporting it. Of them, 58 had stress incontinence (SI), and 15 experienced urge incontinence. Overall, 36% of people have SI whereas just 9% have UI. Of the 65 first-time mothers who took part in the trial, 26 had urine incontinence. In the third trimester of pregnancy, 45 percent of women had UI. Practical implication: By raising the level of awareness of urinary incontinence among medical personnel caring for pregnant patients, the findings will aid in the development of more comprehensive training programmes to prevent incontinence during pregnancy. Conclusion: Urinary incontinence is quite common during pregnancy. The findings will aid in increasing healthcare providers' awareness of urine incontinence while treating pregnant patients and in the development of more thorough education campaigns to avoid pregnancy-related incontinence. We recommend regular pelvic floor exercises for all pregnant women. Keywords: Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence,Stress urinary incontinence, urinary incontinence, Pregnant Women
Potential Role of Dexa Scan in Predicting Osteoporosis Risk in Epileptic Patients
Authors: Mandhan Pardeep , . Jaysingh , Nisa Qamar Un , Abbas Saira , Jawaid Wajid , Rehman Mujeeb-Ul-
Published: December 2022

Background: Abnormalities of bone health are common among epileptic patients. A Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and low bone mass. Material and Methods: The design of this study was across-sectional study. This study was carried out from 8th March 2019 to 7th September 2019 in the Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. We included a total of 400 patients. The diagnosis and classification of epilepsy were according to history, neurological examination, electroencephalography, and neuroimaging (CT or MRI). All the patient sunders went a DEXA scan to calculate T-score, Z-score, and Bone mineral density. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done using the student t-test, and P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: There were 66.3% male and 33.8% female patients. Total 62% cases had chronic, and 38% had acute epilepsy. Mean T-Score and Z-score were -1.15±0.53 and -1.04±0.46, respectively. The results showed significant mean difference of T and Zs core among the status group (P=0.000). Thus, there were significant mean differences of T-score and z-Score (P=0.040). Practical implication : The aim of this work is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with idiopathic epilepsy under anti-epileptic drugs and to determine the effect of the type and the duration of drug administration on BMD. Conclusion: The T-score and Z-score of the DEXA scan showed that abnormalities of bone health are common among epileptic patients. Keywords: Bone Mineral Density, Epilepsy, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scanner,
Association of Screen Time with Shoulder Pain and Disability among Office Workers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Hanif Sidra , Fatima Urooj , Afzal Kiran , Khattak Hafsah Gul , Farooqui Mehjabeen , Mustafa Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The study was conducted to determine the association of screen time with the shoulder pain and disability among office workers. Method: A cross sectional Analytical study was conducted on office workers in Islamabad and Rawalpindi from July 2020 To January 2021. 370 office workers of age 25-45 and having working hours greater than 6 were included in the study. Association between the variables was checked by calculating r value of SPADI variables individually with screen time and it was 0.271 for Screen time and SPADI pain scale, 0.240 for Screen time and SPADI disability scale, and 0.245 for Screen time and total SPADI score. Findings: As all the values lies between 0-0.3, it shows that there is a weak positive co-relation between the Screen time and Shoulder pain and disability. The results of the current study concluded that there is a week positive correlation between the screen time and SPADI. Practical Implications: Overusing screen-based technologies is creating issues in the community by harming physical health, contributing to bad posture, and misaligning the skeleton. Therefore, the research will provide a starting point for data from which additional research can be done. Keywords: SPADI pain and disability, Shoulder disability, Painful Shoulder, Office workers and screen time.
Association of Urinary Incontinence and Body Mass Index with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Mian Tayyaba Mustafa , Mian Maryam Mustafa , Ahmed Sufian , Fatima Saba , Kamran Wadha , Anwer Nadia
Published: December 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder, which impacts and effects body's multiple system. Female with more fat deposition in her body and higher body mass index (BMI) will eventually face metabolic disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and urinary incontinence (UI). Muscles in the pelvic floor are susceptible and sensitive to androgen and are easily stimulated by presence or increased levels of androgen and due to hyperandrogenemia muscle mass increases and eventually pressure on Levator Ani and urethral sphincter increases and it causes muscle weakness in the pelvic floor and urinary incontinence and patients often complains with urine leakage. Objective: To describe the association between urinary incontinence and the body mass index with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methodology: The study was analytical cross-sectional study. This study included the sample of 113 nulliparous females having age between 18-45 years. Quota sampling technique was used in this study. Participants were divided into two groups, in one group females with diagnosed PCOS were taken and in other quota we had females without PCOS condition. We provided them the International Incontinence Consultation Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), which is a specific questionnaire that assesses the problem of UI symptoms. Results: ICIQ-SF statistics were checked applying chi-square testing. Results showed value less than Alpha value which was 5% (0.05) so, the results were statistically significant and alternate hypothesis was accepted which showed UI and BMI had a significant relation with PCOS. This study will be beneficial in creating awareness among society that endocrine system and body mass index play important role in causing Urinary Incontinence and other health issues. Conclusion: According to this study's findings, there is a strong correlation between UI and BMI with PCOS. Keywords: Urinary incontinence (UI), Body mass index (BMI), Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UI), Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD).
Effect of Enriched Environment on Gross Motor Control in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Manan Shagufta , Maheen Farwa , Anwar Anam , Batool Amena , Fatima Seerat , Saleem Maryam
Published: December 2022

Objective of study: To evaluate the usefulness of Enriched environment (EE) and Neuro Developmental Technique (NDT) in the perspective of gross motor function in cerebral palsy (CP) . Methodology: This Randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted from March 2016 to November 2016 in Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Sample size was 40 CP children. The data was gathered from 1 to 6 years of spastic CP children through a standard Gross motor function measure (GMFM)tool. This statistical analysis was done on SPSS 21. To evaluate the inferential statistics, independent sample and paired t-test was applied. Results: Participants' average ages in groups A and B were respectively 4.01.7 and 3.81.8. According to our findings, both the treatment group and the control group had significant change (p=0.00). This shows that EE therapy had a significant impact on the children with CP who are spastic; p 0.05. Practical implication: This research will help to incorporate appropriate treatment in the rehabilitation settings to gain effective results. Conclusion: EE plays an effective role in improvement of gross motor function of spastic CP children. But NDT treatment approach was also effective, although less than EE. Key words: Cerebral palsy, Enriched Environment, Neuro-developmental treatment, GMFM
PROGRAM PEMBERANTASAN BUTA AKSARA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA CITERAS
Authors: Puspitorini Puput , Hidayatullah Rizal
Published: December 2022

Student Work Lecture is a dedication carried out by students to the surrounding community. The ultimate goal of the implementation of KKM is to create moral students and have maturity according to their knowledge and an effort to realize education that comes from direct experience by students. Not only theoretical but the practice and application of the theory that has been studied. KKM activities are expected to provide experience to students to see the community environment directly. Moreover, can see the problems that exist in the community, so it is required that students think to solve these existing problems. The expected results of the implementation of this activity include bridging students to the world of work,
MEMBANGUN ORGANISASI KEPEMUDAAN
Authors: Kustiyono Dedy
Published: December 2022

In the development of the movement, it is not uncommon for us to find many youth organizations collapsing and overlapping interests only due to differences in perceptions and mistakes in managing their organizational operations, as if youth organizations are considered "mediocre" organizations, an organization that does not need to be managed too seriously. So that we can see the results, only giving birth to youth organizations that are uncompetitiveness, organizations that do not have benchmarks, and are only satisfied if they are able to survive for a period of time or live only on certain events, and sometimes even become organizations that are unable to bring up a cadre of successors. which resulted in the organization suspended animation. The results of a survey of several youth organizations in Tangerang City, at least can describe the existing conditions of youth organizations in Tangerang City, which then will also be faced with the fact that currently Indonesia already has Law Number 40 of 2009 concerning Youth. This regulation immediately demands that every youth organization must be a healthy organization with a clear and measurable vision and mission supported by orderly organizational management as well
PELATIHAN PELAKSANAAN K3 DALAM PENGGUNAAN ALAT PEMADAM API DAN PENCEGAHAN KEBAKARAN DI LINGKUNGAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Komarudin Mamay , Tabroni Tabroni , Afiah Efi Tajuroh
Published: December 2022

The Company that is the site of many activities several times experienced fires. Some companies have even experienced fires twice in the past 12 months. One of the causes of the fire is an electrical short circuit. Poor employee knowledge and lack of understanding related to fire anticipation are among the factors in the occurrence of fires in the Company. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct K3 implementation training activities, in this case, the use of Fire Extinguishers and kill the fire in ways other than using extinguishers. The training method is by way of direct practice, then excellent and correct application. The hope is that the training results are that employees can understand the standard procedures and understand the dangers posed by fire that are not immediately extinguished so that this activity can minimize the occurrence of fires in the Company
TINGKAT PREFERENSI KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT ATAS PELAYANAN YANG DIBERIKAN OLEH PEMERINTAH KELURAHAN CIPONDOH MAKMUR
Authors: Mulyono Doddy
Published: December 2022

The government is basically a public organization (society) whose job it is to meet the interests and needs of society. Therefore, the performance of government organizations can be said to either be measured by the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the community with the services they receive from these government organizations. Thus the community's satisfaction in the services provided by government officials in a government institution is an organizational demand and a separate achievement that can be used as an institution for the institution concerned. So that to get the quality of public satisfaction, it is necessary to establish public service management. There are several things that make public service management very important, it is necessary to commit all parties and the institution itself to standardize services and accurate management strategies in providing quality services to the community
INTRODUKSI ANEKA PANGANAN RINGAN DARI BUAH SUKUN
Authors: Zahra Surti , Permana Angrian , Lestari Dini Martinda , Simamora David Elien , Dewi Astri
Published: December 2022

Breadfruit is the name of a tree that is found in the village of Lempuyang, especially new breadfruit fruit used to be eaten after steaming or fried. To improve the economy of the lempuyang village community, especially for housewives and young people who do not have income, there needs to be innovation from this breadfruit fruit. The implementation of community service activities in the form of introduction of light food from breadfruit as an effort to utilize the potential of the village to improve the community economy. The introduction process is carried out according to stage 1) the introduction of the benefits of breadfruit, 2) the socialization of the introduction of the process of light food production of breadfruit, and 3) demonstration and direct practice of the production process of breadfruit (Bread Fruit Ketapang), breadfruit chocolate cake (Choco Bread Fruit), breadfruit cake (Original Bread Fruit) and breadfruit wheat cake (Oat Bread Fruit), 4) Seminar. The result of this activity is that the community becomes able to produce light food from breadfruit
PELATIHAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DALAM MEMBANGUN JIWA WIRAUSAHA BAGI PIKK PLN IP-SURALAYA PGU
Authors: Tabroni Tabroni , Komarudin Mamay , Kusuma Aria Cendana , Dewi Irma Nurmala
Published: December 2022

The purpose of implementing this Community Service program is to provide insight into the knowledge and skills of local employees related to entrepreneurship, which can be used to show soft skills in the workplace or as a side-job outside of daily activities. This activity is carried out by providing training that includes: lectures, discussions and simulations of business planning. The targets and partners of this PKM are Lecturers of Bina Bangsa University and employees of PIKK PLN IP-Suralaya PGU who want to become business actors. The implementation of PKM activities carried out has been carried out by the agreed plan, but the implementation process still needs to be done continuously to implement the PKM program. This program has a sustainable impact on preparing advanced and independent employees
Penyuluhan Pencegahan Bahaya Listrik dan Petir pada Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tangga di Lembang Dewata Kecamatan Mappak Kabupaten Tana Toraja
Authors: Mahmud Syahir
Published: December 2022

Tana Toraja Regency as one of the national tourist destinations within the administrative area of South Sulawesi Province. Tana Toraja Regency, which has a city in Makale, is located at 3°06'17"S South Latitude and 119°51'07" East Longitude. Tana Toraja Regency has an area of 2,054.30 km² and has a population of 270,489 people. Tana Toraja Regency consists of 19 sub-districts, one of which was chosen to be the location of community service for the Electrical Engineering Study Program, namely: Mappak Lembang Dewata District. The distance between the capital of Tana Toraja Regency and the provincial capital of South Sulawesi reaches 314 km.
Electrical installations should be designed and installed on the basis of as required in the PUIL. In addition, the requirements for technical personnel who will install an electrical installation must be certified for competence in accordance with Law No.30 of 2009 concerning electricity. However, there are still often news of accidents caused by electric shocks, both those who died and those who were only limited to electric shocks. Such is the case with the danger of lightning that constantly lurks in other living things. This lightning has the potential to cause lifelong disability until death. For this reason, we from the Abmas Team of the Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, UAJ Makassar, are here to bridge between ordinary people about the potential dangers of electricity and lightning strikes and preventive efforts that can be done so that they can be avoided from the possibility of avoiding these accidents. The abmas team from the UAJM Electrical Engineering Study Program will help the community to explain how to overcome this which has become an obligation to carry out the duties of the Tri Darma of Higher Education, one of which is Community Service.
The real form of community service that will be carried out is to provide counseling to the lembang dewata community about; How should efforts be made to avoid and prevent the occurrence of electrical accidents and lightning strikes that will be conveyed to the general public. This counseling explains the sources of electric shock hazards in a household installation and how to prevent them, along with the potential dangers of lightning strikes and how to avoid them. The material is delivered in the form of visualization of imaginative and communicative models and drawings
DOMESTICATION DU PROTOCOLE DE MAPUTO EN MILIEU URBAIN : PORTRAIT DES ATTITUDES DES FILLES ET FEMMES DE LA ZONE DE SANTE DE KARISIMBI ENVERS L’AVORTEMENT
Authors: Eric  Kankunda  , Katundi Kubuya
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Partout dans le monde, les grossesses non désirées sont courantes et plus de la moitié de ces grossesses se terminent par un avortement provoqué, l’interruption volontaire de grossesse. Si l’avortement est plus courant dans certains pays que dans d’autres, il n’existe aucunpays où il ne se produit pas.

Méthodologie

L’étude a été empirique, de nature transversale et analytique sur base de l’objectif adopté ad hoc, à partir duquel nous avons collecté́ les données et procédé́ à la mise en évidence de la perception et des attitudes des  filles et femmes envers l’avortement. Le recrutement des participantes s’est effectué dans la Zone de santé de Karisimbi, à Goma au Nord-Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo.  Étaient incluses à l’étude, toutes les filles et femmes  en âge de procréer (15 à 49 ans) qui acceptaient  de participer à l’enquête. Un questionnaire a été élaboré et comprenait deux principales parties Les données étaient  saisies et analysées avec le logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 26. Les variables qualitatives étaient exprimées sous formes des fréquences  et de pourcentages. Par contre, les variables quantitatives sous formes des moyennes  et des écarts type. La force d’association a été estimée par Odds ratio et l’intervalle de confiance à 95 %. Le niveau de signification statistique a été fixé à une valeur p < 0, 05.

Résultats

 Les résultats suggèrent que les pilules et les méthodes contraceptives sont plus pratiquées par les participantes à l’étude. Les opinions de se faire avorter résident en majorité sur le cas d’incident de viol. Plus de la moitié des filles et femmes ayant participé à l’enquête, considèrent l’avortement comme un phénomène de la honte au sein de la communauté.

Conclusion

 Les fausses idées sur l’avortement empêchent les filles et les femmes à l’accès équitable aux soins de qualité ainsi que de jouir un plein épanouissement de ses droits  à la santé reproductive. Il y a donc, la nécessité d’intervention de multi-acteurs pour la promotion efficace du protocole de Maputo dans un contexte de sécurité fragile.
İlkokullarda Yaşanan Akran Zorbalığının Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri Doğrultusunda İncelenmesi
Authors: SULAK Süleyman Erkam , ALTUNTAŞ Zeynep
Published: December 2022

Okul, öğrencilerin güvenli bir ortamda eğitim-öğretim gördüğü yerdir. Bu güvenli ortam, öğrenciler tarafından sergilenen bazı istenmeyen davranışlar nedeniyle bozulabilmektedir. Bir ya da daha fazla öğrencinin aynı yaş grubundaki bir başka öğrenciye sürekli olarak olumsuz eylemlerde bulunması olarak tanımlanan akran zorbalığı, okullarda sık karşılaşılan olumsuz ve istenmeyen davranışlara örnektir. Akran zorbalığı, hem davranışı yapan hem de davranışa maruz kalan öğrenci üzerinde olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Okul ortamında akran zorbalığı gibi problemlerle karşılaşıldığında öğretmenlerin olaya nasıl müdahale ettikleri ve akran zorbalığı ile baş etme konusunda sunacağı öneriler, hem öğrencinin sağlığı hem de öğretim ortamının iyileştirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırmada ilkokullardaki akran zorbalığının sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yolu ile Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı ilkokullarda görev yapmakta olan 69 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğretmenler sınıflarında en çok sözel ve fiziksel zorbalıklarla karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenlerin akran zorbalığıyla karşılaştıklarında en fazla; öğrencilerle özel görüşme yapma, empati kurmalarını isteme, öğrenciyi ve aileyi uyarma şeklinde müdahalelerde bulundukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Cinsel Eğitim Çalışmalarının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir Derleme
Authors: TEKE Hüseyin , MELEKOĞLU Meral
Published: December 2022

Cinsellik ve cinsel eğitim konusu özel eğitim alanında son yıllarda daha fazla üzerinde durulan ve her bireyin en çok ihtiyaç duyduğu konulardan birisidir. Yalnızca biyolojik değil psikolojik ve sosyolojik süreçlerin de etkisinde kalan cinsellik ve cinsel gelişim birçok toplumda konuşulmaya bile çekinilen bir tabu haline gelmiştir. Bunun bir sonucu olabilecek şekilde alanyazında cinsel eğitime yönelik sınırlı sayıda çalışma yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de ve dünyadaki erken çocukluk döneminde cinsel eğitime yönelik yayınlanmış çalışmaların incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında yürütülen sistematik tarama ile elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan sistematik taramada TUBITAK ULAKBIM, ERIC, JSTOR, SAGE PREMIER, Scince Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, Wiley veri tabanları kullanılarak 13 farklı çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmalar; amaç, yöntem, katılımcı, veri toplama araçları ve bulgular başlıkları altında detaylı incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen bilgilerle alanyazına ilişkin bilgiler ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak, çocukların cinsel gelişimi ve eğitimine yönelik mevcut durum ortaya konarak gelecek araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Metaphysical Thinking as Transcendence
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Donev Georgi
Published: December 2022

The article aims to substantiate the genesis of consciousness and self-consciousness through metaphysical thinking. Metaphysical thinking is explicated as a transcendence that a priori determines every possible object of consciousness. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines a priori the unity of existence. Existence is explicated as a unity of the interpretive models of consciousness. Thus, metaphysical thinking is seen as a function of the transcendent unity that is the a priori truth of the consciousness’ genesis. The logical relation between metaphysical thinking and consciousness is expressed by asymmetric implication. In this way, existence in the language of consciousness is phenomenologized. Thus arises the ontological understanding of existence. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines the transcendental form of consciousness and the ontological form of existence.
Distribución del contenido de cadmio en los diferentes componentes de cigarrillos comercializados en Venezuela después de fumados
Authors: Guillen Juan
Published: December 2022

En este trabajo se efectuó caracterización del contenido de cadmio (Cd) en cenizas, filtros y humo total de 24 muestras de cigarrillos de diferentes marcas comercializadas en la ciudad de Mérida-Venezuela. Para ello, se diseñó y desarrolló una máquina fumadora que permite simular de algún modo el comportamiento de los fumadores con el objetivo de establecer un modelo de la tasa de transferencia de este metal al humo y su retención en cenizas y filtros, después de fumados bajo las condiciones estándares de fumada utilizando los métodos ISO/FTC 3308:2000(E), Intensivo Canadiense (IC) y Humano. La concentración de Cd obtenida en las muestras de ceniza y filtros para cada marca y método de fumado, varío en un rango de concentraciones de 0,09-1,49 μg/g y 0,002-0,024 μg/filtro respectivamente, observándose que el método IC se ajusta un poco más al comportamiento de un fumador humano que el método ISO/FTC. En este estudio se encontró evidencia experimental que la tasa de transferencia del Cd puede deberse a su volatilidad y reactividad, de modo que la cantidad secuestrada en la ceniza es de 10-30% del contenido total en el cigarrillo, mientras que la retención en los filtros con carbón activado fue entre un 0,5-3%, movilizándose alrededor de un 70-90% directamente al humo principal y/o lateral, aumentando la exposición en los fumadores y los fumadores pasivos
ANÁLISIS DE LA ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL EN EMPRESAS CAFETALERAS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CORQUÍN COPÁN, HONDURAS
Authors: Ochoa Cervantez Dani Oved , Lagos González Allisson Alejandra , Brenes Espinal Ruth Melania
Published: December 2022

Este estudio analiza la estructura organizacional en empresas cafetaleras del Municipio de Corquín Copan, Honduras, desde un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico hace uso de entrevistas a profundidad semiestructuradas y analiza seis categorías iniciales, a saber; la especialización o división del trabajo, departamentalización, cadena de mando o unidad de mando, extensión del control, centralización y descentralización y formalización. Se encontró, primero; sobre especialización en el trabajo, las actividades se subdividen en puestos de trabajo, sin embargo, tienen otras ocupaciones producto del limitado personal, segundo; en la departamentalización, están claras las áreas y los puestos de trabajo, cuentan con un organigrama que facilita los procesos y tienen bien establecidos los perfiles de puestos, sin embargo, actualmente se ven limitados de personal, tercero; sobre la cadena de mando, cuentan con una línea ininterrumpida de autoridad extendida desde niveles superiores hasta los niveles inferiores y tienen claro quién debe reportarse con quién, cuarto; en la extensión del control, cuentan con poco personal, así, no es muy larga la línea de extensión del control debido a que aún falta personal por contratar en diferentes áreas, quinto, en la centralización y descentración, son centralizadas porque la toma de decisiones se concentra en un solo punto, específicamente, en los socios de asamblea, finalmente; en la formalización, todos los puestos tienen claridad en sus funciones. Se concluye que existe una especialización del trabajo, una línea de mando es clara, la extensión del control limitada, son centralizadas en la toma de decisiones y finalmente, existe una estandarización en los puestos.
EL DERECHO HUMANO A LA TUTELA JUDICIAL EFECTIVA
Authors: Ramos Montañes Ernesto
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo realiza una revisión teórica de los diversos conceptos, objeto y alcance de la tutela judicial efectiva. Además, reflexiona sobre el rol de los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Controversias dentro de la moderna tutela judicial efectiva en México. Efectúa un recorrido por los principales instrumentos jurídicos internacionales en materia de derechos humanos, con el objetivo de visualizar e identificar su positivización como un derecho humano fundamental. Resalta la importancia de motivar las resoluciones judiciales y argumentar en el ámbito del Derecho. Por último, revisa la jurisprudencia de la Corte IDH relativa a la tutela judicial efectiva.
EL PAPEL DEL SICA, OEA Y FMI FRENTE A LA COVID-19: UNA OPORTUNIDAD PARA ACTUAR CONJUNTAMENTE
Authors: Portillo Álvarez Juan Aldair , Elvir Ponce Blanca Stephanie
Published: December 2022

El SARS-coV 2, virus que causa la enfermedad de la COVID-19, desde su aparición en Wuhan, China; en el mes de diciembre del año 2019 se ha convertido en el principal desafío a nivel global. Esta crisis sanitaria vino a revelar la fragilidad de los sistemas de salud del mundo, por otro lado, las medidas de contención y prevención de que han adoptado los Estados para contrarrestar los efectos del coronavirus (distanciamiento social, restricción a la libertad de circulación y confinamiento), ha llevado a todos los países a un punto de inflexión en sus economías y sistemas de gobernanza; especialmente aquellas que venían enfrentando graves complicaciones en las últimas décadas. Ante este contexto, las organizaciones internacionales juegan un papel fundamental, en su rol coadyuvante y complementario frente a los desafíos nacionales de sus países miembros. El presente manuscrito analiza las medidas implementadas por el Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA), la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) durante la pandemia de la COVID-19; estableciendo una breve descripción histórica y un marco descriptivo de sus actuaciones, analizadas en contraposición a sus competencias y fines para los cuales fueron creadas.
PROCESOS DE INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL DURANTE Y POST PANDEMIA: REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL SICA, MERCOSUR Y LA UE
Authors: Santana Paisano Diana Cecilia
Published: December 2022

De forma aproximativa y sin exhaustividad, se explican los instrumentos normativos e institucionales adoptados por los países centroamericanos que conforman el SICA, la Unión Europea y el MERCOSUR, para la adopción de decisiones, en clave de la integración regional, referidas a las medidas de contención sobre los riesgos y otras problemáticas surgidas en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. Sobre estas decisiones, que se materializan en actos jurídicos normativos, se plantean reflexiones relativas a las oportunidades y desafíos que tiene el Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana ante esta situación y una vez que se logre controlar y/o prevenir el contagio mundial.
EL ROL DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTERNACIONALES DURANTE LA PANDEMIA Y POST PANDEMIA
Authors: Gómez López Verónica Dardané , Tumax Martínez Joseline Paola
Published: December 2022

La pandemia propiciada por la COVID-19 tiene dimensión internacional, puesto que ha afectado todos los países principalmente en los ámbitos de salud, educación, economía y trabajo; no respetando fronteras y esparciéndose de forma rápida, el ensayo que a continuación se formula tiene como fundamento dar a conocer el papel o rol que fungieron las Organizaciones Internacionales durante la pandemia y lo que se espera de ellas post pandemia, dentro de las organizaciones con mayor relevancia por su labor destacan la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), en conjunto con el Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA), las cuales son encargadas de velar por el control y mitigación del virus a nivel mundial y en Centroamérica. La Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) que es la encargada de hacer frente a la COVID-19 directo desde el punto del mundo del trabajo; la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para le Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, velando por la continuidad de la educación de los niños y niñas, debido a que por la pandemia no pueden asistir a clases presenciales aún; y el Banco Mundial, a través del apoyo brindado por medio de préstamos y créditos a los países para mitigar el descenso económico ocurrido a raíz de la pandemia. Estas organizaciones mantuvieron una colaboración sinérgica durante la pandemia y participaron en el control de la pandemia en los distintos ámbitos antes expuestos.
SOFRIMENTO MENTAL PUERPERAL: CONHECIMENTO DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Almeida Brito Ana Paula , Oliveira Gonçalves Paes Sarha , Lima Feliciano Welington Luis , Gonzalez Riesco Maria Luiza
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem do alojamento conjunto sobre sofrimento mental puerperal e oferecer subsídios para ações educativas.

Método: estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 30 profissionais de enfermagem em hospital público de ensino, em São Paulo - BR. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 por meio de questionário estruturado e analisados de forma descritiva.

Resultados: 73,3% das enfermeiras obstétricas, técnicas e auxiliares de enfermagem tinham idade ≥40 anos e 80% tinham tempo de atuação ≥cinco anos. Predominou o conhecimento sobre o papel da enfermagem e as práticas na assistência ao sofrimento mental puerperal (maioria de respostas esperadas em 80% das questões), em contraposição ao conhecimento sobre fisiopatologia, sintomas e causas de blues, depressão e psicose puerperal (maioria de respostas esperadas em 40% das questões).

Conclusão: os resultados podem subsidiar a educação permanente, visando ampliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem e fortalecer o processo de cuidar
MENTAL DISTRESS DURING THE PUERPERIUM: THE NURSING TEAM'S KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Almeida Brito Ana Paula , de Oliveira Gonçalves Paes Sarha , Lima Feliciano Welington Luis , Gonzalez Riesco Maria Luiza
Published: December 2022

Objective: to assess the Rooming-In Nursing team’s knowledge about mental distress during the puerperium and to offer subsidies for educational actions.

Method: a descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 30 Nursing professionals from a public teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively.

Results: 73.3% of the nursemidwives, nurses, and nursing technicians and assistants were aged ≥40 years old, and 80% had more than five years of working time. There was a predominance of knowledge about the role of Nursing and its respective practices in the assistance provided in cases of mental distress during the puerperium (majority of expected answers in 80% of the questions), in contrast to the knowledge about pathophysiology, symptoms and causes of puerperal blues, depression and psychosis (majority of expected answers in 40% of the questions).

Conclusion: the results can support permanent education, aiming to expand the Nursing team’s knowledge and strengthen the care process.
Evaluating the Effect of Optimized Voting Using Hybrid Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Algorithm on the Classification of the Zoo Dataset
Authors:   Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia, Khafaga Doaa S. ,   Department of System Programming South Ural State University; pr. Lenina 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080 Russia,   Electronic and Computer Center, University of Diyala, Baqubah MJJ2+R9G, Iraq, Alkattan Hussein , Subhi Alhumaima A.
Published: December 2022

When there are numerous possible solutions for a given class in a given problem, majority voting or plurality voting is typically employed. One common technique for improving classification accuracy is bagging, which involves training many classifiers on slightly different datasets and then voting on the combined results. In this research, we examine how alternative voting procedures affect the efficiency of two distinct classification algorithms applied to datasets of varying complexity. Despite the increased computing cost associated with determining preference order, the results show that the single transferable vote can be a suitable alternative to plurality voting.
Proposal of VR Video Contents Development through Analysis of Guilty Pleasure Elements of New Media Contents
Authors:   Liberal Arts Innovation Center, Kim Hyunwoo
Published: December 2022

While the technical aspects of VR devices are constantly being developed by making up for their shortcomings, VR content is in a stagnant state where they cannot come up with a solution that fully meets the requirement of the emerging media. In terms of surroundings, when an HMD device is worn, the characteristics of a private space are reinforced by completely blocking the external environment. By focusing on this characteristic, this study intends to investigate the user's guilty pleasure factor for media content consumed by multiple users, and to suggest the direction of content creation by combining it with VR. The significance of this study is to recognize a problem of lack of popularization of VR images that many people have not noticed as well as to suggest a solution through the remediation of successful new media content that has many shared features with VR content.
VII. Henry ve VIII. Henry Dönemlerinde İngiltere'nin İskoçya Politikası
Authors: YİĞİT Dilek
Published: December 2022

1485 yılında gerçekleştirilen Bosworth Savaşı İngiltere tarihinde bir dönüm noktasıdır; Kral III. Richard savaş meydanında yenilmiş ve savaşın galibi Henry Tudor VII. Henry olarak taç giymiştir. Böylelikle İngiltere’de York hanedanlığı dönemi kapanmış, Tudor hanedanlığı dönemi başlamıştır. Ancak Henry Tudor’ın İngiltere tahtı üzerindeki hak iddiasının meşruiyeti tartışmalı olunca kralın hükümranlığı boyunca en büyük problemi meşruiyet sorunu olmuştur. 1509 yılına kadar İngiltere’yi yöneten VII. Henry’den sonra oğlu VIII. Henry olarak taç giymiş ve 1547 yılına kadar hüküm sürmüştür. VIII. Henry’nin annesinin York hanedanlığının mensubu olması sayesinde bu dönemde meşruiyet sorunu gündemden düşmüş olsa da, İngiltere Protestan reformasyon sürecinin başlamasıyla çalkantılı bir sürece girmiştir. İngiltere’nin yeni hanedanlığının ilk iki monarkının dış politikaları İngiltere açısından sürekliliği mi ya da değişimi mi ifade etmektedir? Söz konusu soruya yanıt arama çabası İngiltere’nin dönemin güçlü aktörleri Fransa, İspanya, Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu ve Roma Katolik Kilisesi ile ilişkilerini analiz etmek gibi kapsamlı bir çalışmayı gerektirir. Bu makale VII. Henry’nin ve VIII. Henry’nin İngiltere’nin yüzyıllardır çatışma halinde olduğu komşusu İskoçya’ya yönelik politikalarını analiz etmek suretiyle bu soruya kısmi bir yanıt sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Delad läsekrets och dubbelt seende
Authors: Pankenier Weld Sara
Published: December 2022

Divided Audience and Double Vision. The Aesopian Depths of Osip Mandelstam’s Two Tramcars

Though a belief that children’s literature served only as a form of reluctant outlet for writers in the early Soviet period has predetermined a view of these books as mere byproducts of authorial necessity and restrictive censorship, this article argues that such books represent no mere refuge, but rather serve as a site for sophisticated subterfuge. Drawing on Lev Losev’s work On the Beneficence of Censorship, the author claims that children’s literature offered an alternative expressive outlet which Russian writers could use to encode their messages. To illustrate this point, this article exposes what sophisticated Aesopian levels coexist in a little-known artifact of this period – the renowned poet Osip Mandelstam’s picturebook Два Трамвая. Клик и Трам (Two Tramcars. Klik and Tram) (1925). Addressing multiple audiences at once, including censor, child, and adult, this book reveals ambivalence, fissures, and ruptures in its tone, which hint at its Aesopian depths and reveal a more tragic trajectory, one that the political environment and censorship precluded from being openly expressed. Ultimately, this article claims that, through its use of Aesopian language, this unique picturebook offers contextual, intertextual, and subtextual depths that tremendously enrich its system of signification and add adult sophistication beneath the apparently simple surface of a picturebook for children. Thus, the author and adult reader trained to read an Aesopian text accomplish their own communication around darker political and psychological themes as they shelter behind a falsified construction of the child.
Ivana Seletković (auth.). Društvena fenomenologija opera. (Social Phenomenology of Opera). Academia Analitica, Sarajevo, 2021, p./str.254.
Authors: Ibrulj Nijaz
Published: December 2022

Book review.
Adriana Kuči (auth.). Ime mi je Sarajevo (My name is Sarajevo). Maribor. Litera Publishing House, 2022.
Authors: Ibrulj Nijaz
Published: December 2022

Book review.
Life Challenges of Youth During COVID-19 in Kyrgyzstan
Authors:   Kyrgyz-Russian Academy of Education, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, Asanova Chynara , Zholchieva Ainuru ,   International Ala-Too University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Published: December 2022

Interest in youth has become a global trend in the last 10 years in Kyrgyzstan. Youth as a category of people differs with age, social position, and psychological characteristics identified by social structure, culture, socialization ways, and other patterns. To understand young people’s mentalities, it is significant to know which values are important in their lives, their benchmarks, their orientations, and their principles. The study deals with youth problems and challenges in Kyrgyzstan during Covid-19. The case and field study is chosen as the base of this research methodology. The story of a student from one of the universities in Bishkek is an example.
Postoj kanonika Andreja Cvinčeka k procesu s Jozefom Tisom
Authors:   Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku, Filozofická fakulta, Katedra histórie, Olexák Peter
Published: December 2022

The main goal of this contribution is to expand the existing knowledge about the largest retribution process in the history of post-war Czechoslovakia by looking at the commitment and attitude of the Nitra canon Andrej Cvinček, who at the time of its preparation and proceedings was the vice-chairman of the Slovak National Council and the vice-chairman of the Democratic Party in Slovakia, that is, the association that participated in the creation, approval and adoption of the regulation on retribution courts, and played a role in the process itself.
PENERAPAN MEDIA LITERASI DARING BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL BLITAR (SI CETAR) UNTUK KEGIATAN LITERASI DI UPT SD NEGERI KALIPUCUNG 02
Authors: Widiastuti Sripit , Putriani Ida , Wahdati Dinda Saroh , Anastasya Ameilya
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the application of Blitar local wisdom-based online literacy media and to explain the responses of Kalipucung 02 Public Elementary School students to Blitar local wisdom-based online literacy media. This research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. This type of research is descriptive research. The results of this study were (1) the Si Cetar media was applied for two days in accordance with the goals of GLS in SD, namely instilling an interest in and fond of reading and (2) the results of students' responses to Si Cetar media were included in the very satisfactory category.
Challenges Faced in Using Technology in Education for Hearing Impaired Children
Authors: Yadav Abhishek
Published: December 2022

The main objective of this study is to provide proper education to the hearing impaired children, from the traditional point of view, hearing Using teaching methods for handicapped children is not enough for education. It is very important to use technology for hearing impaired children, so that hearing impaired children will be able to understand fully in learning. A review of the literature reveals that there is limited use of technology in the education of hearing impaired children. The main objective of this study is to investigate the technology used in the training of hearing impaired children. So that the findings of the study were presented as technologies that contribute to the development of academic and linguistic skills of hearing impaired persons. Analytical method has been used in this study as a qualitative research method.