bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between “the East” and “the West”
Authors: Pablos-Méndez Ariel , Villa Simone , Monti Maria Cristina , Raviglione Mario Carlo , Tabish Hilary Brown , Evans Timothy Grant , Cash Richard Alan
Published: March 2022

Although SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in China and neighbouring countries, the pandemic quickly spread around the globe. This paper explores national drivers of the pandemic and the radically different epidemiology and response in the West and in the East. We studied coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mortality until 31st December 2020, using an ecological study design, considering baseline characteristics and responses that might account for the uneven impact of the pandemic. A multivariable regression model was developed to explore key determinants. Key variables in the West were contrasted with those in the East, and speed of response was examined. Worldwide, 2.24 million COVID-19 deaths were documented in 2020. Western countries reported a median mortality 114 times that of the East (684 vs. 6.0 per million). Significant correlates of mortality in countries with at least 1 million population were median age, obesity prevalence, and democracy index; political stability and experience of SARS in 2002–2003 were protective; health system variables and income inequality were not associated. Outputs of the model were consistent when adjusted for stringency index, timeliness of stay-at-home requirements, and geographical autocorrelation. The West experiences a much higher COVID-19 mortality than the East. Despite structural advantages in the West, delays in national responses early on resulted in a loss of control over the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Although the early success of the East was sustained in the second half of 2020, the region remains extremely vulnerable to COVID-19 until enough people are immunized.
Ultrafast hot carrier transfer in WS2/graphene large area heterostructures
Authors: Trovatello Chiara , Piccinini Giulia , Forti Stiven , Fabbri Filippo , Rossi Antonio , De Silvestri Sandro , Coletti Camilla , Cerullo Giulio , Dal Conte Stefano
Published: March 2022

Charge transfer processes in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures enable upconversion of low energy photons and efficient charge carriers extraction. Here we use broadband ultrafast optical spectroscopy to track charge transfer dynamics in large-area 2D heterostructures made of epitaxial single-layer tungsten disulfide (WS2) grown by chemical vapour deposition on graphene. Selective carrier photoexcitation in graphene, with tunable near-infrared photon energies as low as 0.8 eV (i.e. lower than half of the optical bandgap of WS2), results in an almost instantaneous bleaching of the WS2 excitonic peaks in the visible range, due to the interlayer charge transfer process. We find that the charge transfer signal is strongly non-linear with the pump fluence and it becomes progressively more linear at increasing pump photon energies, while the interlayer photoinjection rate is constant in energy, reflecting the spectrally flat absorbance of graphene. We ascribe the interlayer charge transfer to a fast transfer of hot carriers, photogenerated in graphene, to the semiconducting layer. The measured sub-20-fs hot-carrier transfer sets the ultimate timescale for this process. Besides their fundamental interest, our results are technologically relevant because, given the capability of large-area deterministic growth of the heterostructure, they open up promising paths for novel 2D photodetectors, also potentially scalable to industrial platforms.
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channels reveal functional linkage between salivary gland function and blood feeding in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Li Zhilin , Soohoo-Hui Alexander , O’Hara Flinn M. , Swale Daniel R.
Published: March 2022

Reducing saliva secretions into the vertebrate host reduces feeding efficacy by most hematophagous arthropods. However, seminal studies suggested saliva is not a prerequisite for blood feeding in Aedes aegypti. To test this paradigm, we manually transected the salivary duct of female A. aegypti and an inability to salivate was correlated to an inability to imbibe blood. These data justified testing the relevance of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels in the A. aegypti salivary gland as an antifeedant target site. Pharmacological activation of ATP-gated Kir (KATP) channels reduced the secretory activity of the salivary gland by 15-fold that led to near elimination of blood ingestion during feeding. The reduced salivation and feeding success nearly eliminated horizontal transmission and acquisition of Dengue virus-2 (DENV2). These data suggest mosquito salivation is a prerequisite for blood feeding and provide evidence that KATP channels are critical for salivation, feeding, and vector competency.
Boundary conditions representation can determine simulated aerosol effects on convective cloud fields
Authors: Dagan Guy , Stier Philip , Spill George , Herbert Ross , Heikenfeld Max , van den Heever Susan C. , Marinescu Peter J.
Published: March 2022

Anthropogenic aerosols effect on clouds remains a persistent source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. The evolution of the environmental conditions controlling cloud properties is affected by the clouds themselves. Hence, aerosol-driven modifications of cloud properties can affect the evolution of the environmental thermodynamic conditions, which in turn could feed back to the cloud development. Here, by comparing many different cloud resolving simulations conducted with different models and under different environmental condition, we show that this feedback loop is strongly affected by the representation of the boundary conditions in the model. Specifically, we show that the representation of boundary conditions strongly impacts the magnitude of the simulated response of the environment to aerosol perturbations, both in shallow and deep convective clouds. Our results raise doubts about the significance of previous conclusions of aerosol-cloud feedbacks made based on simulations with idealised boundary conditions.
In-depth study of bio-oil and biochar production from macroalgae Sargassum sp. via slow pyrolysis
Authors: Farobie Obie , Amrullah Apip , Bayu Asep , Syaftika Novi , Anis Latifa Aisya , Hartulistiyoso Edy
Published: March 2022

Slow pyrolysis of brown macroalgae (Sargassum sp.) for bio-oil and biochar production.
Representation in Aphasia Research: An Examination of U.S. Treatment Studies Published Between 2009 and 2019
Authors: Nguy Brandon , Quique Yina M. , Cavanaugh Robert , Evans William S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The external validity of aphasia treatment research relies on diverse and representative participants. The purposes of this study were (a) to examine whether reporting of patient-reported age, sex, and race/ethnicity has improved since Ellis (2009) and (b) to evaluate whether these demographic variables were consistent with population-level estimates of stroke survivor demographics in the United States.

Method:

A scoping review examined U.S.-based aphasia treatment studies published between 2009 and 2019 and characterized the percentage of studies reporting age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Summary statistics for these variables were calculated and compared statistically with a population-based study of stroke survivors.

Results:

It was found out that 97.1% of studies reported age, 93.5% reported sex, and 28.1% reported race and/or ethnicity. Within reporting studies, participant mean age was 58.04 years, 61.6% of participants were men, and 38.4% were women; 86.5% of participants were White, 11.0% were Black, 2.0% were Hispanic/Latino, and 0.5% fell in other racial categories. All three variables were statistically different from the study of Kissela et al. (2012).

Discussion:

Despite being highlighted as an issue by Ellis (2009), less than 30% of recent aphasia treatment studies reported race or ethnicity, and participants do not appear to be demographically representative compared with estimates of stroke survivors living in the United States. These issues may negatively impact the ecological validity of aphasia treatment research. Aphasia researchers should more consistently report participant race and ethnicity and follow current guidelines for increasing the demographic representation of women and minorities.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: March 2022

eine bedarfsgerechte Ernährung und gesunde Lebensführung –
vor und während der Schwangerschaft – ist für einen
störungsfreien Schwangerschaftsverlauf, die Geburt und die spätere
Entwicklung des Kindes von hohem präventivmedizinischem Stellenwert. Da der
Ernährungszustand vor Eintritt der Schwangerschaft sowohl die
Fertilität als auch den Schwangerschaftsverlauf einschließlich
Komplikationen, die Geburt und die Stillzeit beeinflusst, sollte bereits weit vor
der Konzeption und nicht erst bei der Planung auf eine gesunde Ernährung und
adäquate Versorgung mit essenziellen (Mikro-)Nährstoffen geachtet
werden. Die erste Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für Orthomolekulare Medizin ist
schwerpunktmäßig dem Thema Schwangerschaft gewidmet, dem wichtigsten
Ausgangspunkt einer nachhaltigen und effektiven Prävention sowie
epigenetischen Prägung.
ω-3-Fettsäuren – von der Konzeption bis zur
Adoleszenz wichtig
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: March 2022

ω-3-Fettsäuren sind für die Gesundheit von Kindern und
Jugendlichen von großer Bedeutung. Supplementieren Schwangere
Eicosapentaensäure und Docosahexaensäure, treten im
Kleinkindalter deutlich weniger IgE-vermittelte Krankheiten wie
Nahrungsmittelallergien und Neurodermitis auf. Eine Schutzwirkung vor Asthma ist
auch im späteren Leben zu beobachten. Die Gabe von
ω-3-Fettsäuren während der Schwangerschaft
unterstützt Gehirnentwicklung und Kognition. Bei Kindern mit ADHS
zeigten sich unter ω-3 hochsignifikant weniger Hyperaktivität
und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen, bei Kindern mit Leseschwäche
verbesserte sich die Lesefähigkeit signifikant. Die Therapie mit
maritimen Fettsäuren reduziert bei Kindern mit
Herzrhythmusstörungen die Häufigkeit von Extrasystolen und bei
Morbus Crohn die Anzahl der Schübe. Für die Wirkung ist eine
ausreichende Dosis EPA/DHA entscheidend, idealerweise
spiegelgesteuert.
Gesund schwanger mit ausgewählten
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter
Published: March 2022

Eine bedarfsgerechte Ernährung ist für den
Schwangerschaftsverlauf, die Geburt und die Entwicklung des Kindes von hoher
Bedeutung. Bereits vor der Konzeption sollte auf einen adäquaten
Versorgungsstatus mit essenziellen Nährstoffen geachtet werden. Der
Bedarf an Vitaminen und anderen (Mikro-)Nährstoffen in der
Schwangerschaft übersteigt bei weitem den zusätzlichen
Energiebedarf. Als bes. kritische Nährstoffe gelten Folsäure,
ω-3-Fettsäuren, Vitamin D, Jod, Selen und Eisen. Während
sich die Supplementierung von Eisen oder Jod in der Schwangerschaft und
Stillzeit langsam durchsetzt, wird die Bedeutung von einigen
Mikronährstoffen wie Folsäure, Vitamin D, Magnesium oder
ω-3-Fettsäuren für die Entwicklung des Kindes zu wenig
beachtet. Nach Bestimmung des Status wird eine Supplementierung in der
Schwangerschaft empfohlen.
Mikronährstoffe in Schwangerschaft und
Stillzeit
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Kisters Sophia , Gröber Uwe
Published: March 2022

Vor der Konzeption und während der Schwangerschaft bis in die Stillzeit
ist die adäquate Mikronährstoffversorgung essenziell für die mütterliche
Gesundheit und die Entwicklung des heranwachsenden Kindes.
Insb. bei unzureichender Versorgung mit den Vitaminen B12 und
Folsäure sowie dem Spurenelement Eisen und dem Elektrolyt Magnesium
kann es zu Mangelzuständen, geistigen und körperlichen Entwicklungsstörungen
sowie zu Frühgeburten und Aborten kommen.
Die zielgerichtete Supplementierung ist daher ein wichtiger Teilaspekt
in der Betreuung schwangerer Frauen. Magnesiuminfusionen werden
in der Therapie der Präeklampsie eingesetzt, die bei 2–5 % aller
Schwangerschaften auftritt.
Wirklicher Fortschritt oder geduldiges Papier?
Authors: Heeser Alexandra-Corinna
Published: March 2022

Im Koalitionsvertrag „Mehr Fortschritt wagen“ stehen viele gesundheitspolitische Aspekte, erstmals kommt auch die Pflege auf 8 Seiten vor. Vom Pflegebonus über die Kammerbefragung bis zur finanziellen Unterstützung des Deutschen Pflegerates wurde einiges zu Papier gebracht. Die Frage ist: Wie geduldig ist das Papier, auf dem es steht?
Sovereignty of what and for whom? The political mobilisation of sovereignty claims by the Italian Lega and Fratelli d’Italia
Authors: Basile Linda , Borri Rossella
Published: March 2022

This article looks at the relationship between conflicts of sovereignty and patterns of national party competition, by focusing on the electoral support for two Italian populist radical right parties (PRRPs), the Lega (the League, Lega) and Fratelli d’Italia (Brothers of Italy, FdI). Using public opinion data, the study finds that the conflicts of sovereignty represent a distinct and multidimensional set of attitudes related to voting preferences. Overall, these conflicts seem to provide some electoral advantage to the PRRPs over other competing parties in the electoral arena. However, they do not provide the same amount of gains to all PRRPs, since ideologies and party identities are important intervening factors in the relationship between conflicts of sovereignty, party mobilisation, and voting behaviour.
Mobilisation of unavailable phosphorus and improvement of pepper P absorption, fruit yield and quality by the wood rot-fungus
Authors: Peng Liyuan , Huang Jianguo
Published: March 2022

Aims P-mobilising microbes may effectively increase soil P availability. These experiments investigated soil P mobilisation and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) P uptake in response to the wood-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris CQ2018. Methods F. palustris CQ2018 was incubated in liquid media and soil to study P mobilisation, and pepper plants with fungal inoculation were grown in a greenhouse experiment to observe the agronomic performances. Key results F. palustris CQ2018 secreted protons, organic acids, and phosphatase to convert AlPO4, Ca3(PO4)2, FePO4 and lecithin into soluble P in liquid culture and increased P availability in three soils with pH 5.53, 7.36 and 8.67. It grew in the roots or on the root surfaces, stimulated root growth, increased dehydrogenase activity in the roots, and solubilised water-insoluble P. Soil inoculated with F. palustris CQ2018 exhibited higher Olsen P and phosphatase activity than uninoculated soil, and there was a positive linear correlation between Olsen P and phosphatase activity (r = 0.788). F. palustris CQ2018 increased pepper P uptake and fruit yield in both unfertilised and fertilised soils even under the condition of reduced fertilisers. Fruit quality was also improved by the increase in P, potassium, and vitamin C but decrease in nitrate. Conclusions F. palustris CQ2018 can mobilise soil P and improve plant P uptake and fruit yield and quality in pepper. Implications F. palustris CQ2018 may be developed into a new, effective, and environmentally friendly biofertiliser. Its effect on different plants in various soils needs further study.
How versatility performance influences perception of charismatic speech
Authors: Niebuhr Oliver , Silber-Varod Vered
Published: March 2022

The concept of vocal charisma has changed in the past decades from something that people have to something that people do, thereby stimulating research on how vocal charisma can be created and improved. Broadening the perspective on vocal charisma beyond the speaker’s performance itself to the context of the speech, we conducted acoustic-prosodic analyses of public speeches of two prominent Israelian politicians – Benjamin Netanyahu and Benny Gantz. The speech material consisted of 311–516 prosodic phrases per politician from the election campaigns 2019–2020 and, crucially, was balanced so as to include an equal number of pre- and post-election speeches. Results show a superiority of Netanyahu over Gantz in almost all facets of vocal charisma, although Gantz caught up over time. Moreover, unlike Gantz, Netanyahu showed a strong adaptation of his vocal charisma patterns to before- and after-election contexts. Scrutinizing this versatility difference, an additional perception experiment with 42 listeners and excerpts from the two politicians’ speeches was carried out. Results show that Netanyahu’s speech excerpts were, unlike those of Gantz, mainly rated as more charismatic in those contexts in which they were performed. Gantz’ post-election speech excerpts, by contrast, were primarily rated as not fitting into that context, i.e., as unfolding their charisma better in a pre-election context. Moreover, listeners also rated Netanyahu as overall more charismatic than Gantz. The combined production and perception evidence suggests the relevance of context in the evaluation and interpretation of vocal charisma signals.
In the same boat
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Jensen Lars Christian , Zitzmann Nadine
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we analyze what effects indicators of a shared situation have on a speaker’s persuasiveness by
investigating how a robot’s advice is received when it indicates that it is sharing the situational context with its user. In our
experiment, 80 participants interacted with a robot that referred to aspects of the shared context: Face tracking indicated that
the robot saw the participant, incremental feedback suggested that the robot was following their actions, and comments about, and
gestures towards, the shared physical situation and linguistic references to the dialog history indicated to participants that the
robot had learned from the interaction and perceived its surroundings. The results show that especially the linguistic and
gestural references to the shared context have a significant influence on participants’ compliance with the robot’s suggestions.
Thus, indicating that it is ‘in the same boat’ with the user, i.e. that it is sharing the situational context, increases a robot’s
persuasiveness during advice giving.
Prosodic disambiguation of questions in Korean
Authors: Yun Jiwon , Lee Hye-Sook
Published: March 2022

This study aims to identify the acoustic and perceptual properties that contribute to identifying the meaning of Korean sentences that are ambiguous betweenwh-question and yes-no question readings. While in most cases the Accentual Phrase (AP) tonal pattern (Jun 1993) differs between the two question readings, there are cases where the two readings are predicted to have the same AP tonal pattern. However, our experimental results indicate that even in those cases a typical AP tonal contrast between the two question interpretations, i.e. the presence vs. absence of the tone in the syllable that immediately follows thewh-word, is observed in production and plays a meaningful role in perception. The results suggest that there is a production and processing strategy to utilize a consistent contrast in accentual phrasing between the two types of questions for disambiguation.
Stability analysis of anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological model in teleparallel gravity
Authors: Koussour M , Bennai M
Published: March 2022

In this work, we study a cosmological model of Bianchi type-I Universe in teleparallel gravity for a perfect fluid. To obtain the cosmological solution of the model, we assume that the deceleration parameter (DP) is a linear function of the Hubble parameter H i.e. q = −1 + βH (where β as a positive constant). Consequently, we get a model of our Universe, where it goes from the initial phase of deceleration to the current phase of acceleration. We have discussed some physical and geometric properties such as Hubble parameter, DP, energy density, pressure, and equation of state parameter and study their behavior graphically in terms of redshift and compare it with observational data such as Type Ia supernovae. We also discussed the behavior of other parameters such as the jerk parameter, statefinder parameters and we tested the validity of the model by studying the stability analysis and energy conditions.
Inverse problems for generalized quasi-variational inequalities with application to elliptic mixed boundary value systems
Authors: Cen Jinxia , Khan Akhtar A , Motreanu Dumitru , Zeng Shengda
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the inverse problem of estimating a discontinuous parameter in a quasi-variational inequality involving multi-valued terms. We prove that a well-defined parameter-to-solution map admits weakly compact values under some quite general assumptions. The Kakutani–Ky Fan fixed point principle for multi-valued maps is the primary technical tool for this result. Inspired by the total variation regularization for estimating discontinuous parameters, we develop an abstract regularization framework for the inverse problem and provide a new existence result. The theoretical results are applied to identify a parameter in an elliptic mixed boundary value system with the p-Laplace operator, an implicit obstacle, and multi-valued terms involving convex subdifferentials and the generalized subdifferentials in the sense of Clarke.
N–H collision integrals with study of repulsive interactions
Authors: Buchowiecki Marcin , Szabó Péter
Published: March 2022

Collision integrals are calculated and analyzed for the ground state nitrogen N

(

S

4

)

and hydrogen H

(

S

2

)

atoms involving the 3Σ and 5Σ electronic states in the temperature range of 1000–30 000 K. Influence of the quality of different known potential energy functions on the collision integrals was also studied and compared with the available data. Based on our analysis, the repulsive potential and its description beyond simple exponential also at small interatomic distances is necessary to obtain reliable collision integrals. Besides the ground state atoms, for the first time the collision integrals for excited nitrogen atoms (N

(

D

2

)

and N

(

P

2

)

) with ground state hydrogen H

(

S

2

)

were also calculated. The corresponding potential energy curves are also computed by using multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method of electronic structure theory with aug-cc-pV6Z basis set. The resulting collision integrals were fitted to simple functional forms.
Phase controlling of electromagnetically induced grating
Authors: Tang Zuge , Zeinali Behrad , Abdulkareem Sarkew S
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigated electromagnetically induced grating in a three-level atomic system via relative phase between applied lights. The three-level atomic system interacts with a weak probe light, a signal light and a strong standing wave coupling light in two-dimensional directions. We realized that Fraunhofer diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the intensity and detuning’s of the coupling light. We also use of optical vortex light instead of optical plane wave and found that the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained via orbital angular momentum (OAM), respectively. We also studied the different orders of the diffraction pattern versus relative phase of applied lights for different number of OAM.
Entanglement and output squeezing in a distant nano-electro-optomechanical system generated by optical parametric amplifiers
Authors: Pan Guixia , Xiao Ruijie , Zhai Chengbo
Published: March 2022

We investigate the entanglement phenomena assisted by a distant nono-electro-optomechanical system with two optical parametric amplifiers. The system consists of two optomechanical cavities coupling to two charged mechanical resonators via Coulomb interaction. Under suitable conditions, the movable mirrors and the two distant cavity fields can exhibit entanglement. The entanglement is strongly manipulated by the parametric gain and the Coulomb coupling. Furthermore, because of the introduction of the charged mechanical oscillators, the entanglement between the two cavity modes and between the movable mirrors displays a splitting phenomenon. We also study the squeezing spectrum of the cavity fields. The results reveal that the output squeezing of the two cavity fields is affected by the frequency of the mirror oscillation and the parametric gain.
In situ study of calcite-III dimorphism using dynamic diamond anvil cell
Authors: Zhao Xia , Mei Sheng-Hua , Zheng Zhi , Gao Yue , Chen Jiang-Zhi , Liu Yue-Gao , Sun Jian-Guo , Li Yan , Sun Jian-Hui
Published: March 2022

The phase transitions among the high-pressure polymorphic forms of CaCO3 (cc-I, cc-II, cc-III, and cc-IIIb) are investigated by dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Experiments are carried out at room temperature and high pressures up to 12.8 GPa with the pressurizing rate varying from 0.006 GPa/s to 0.056 GPa/s. In situ observation shows that with the increase of pressure, calcite transforms from cc-I to cc-II at ∼ 1.5 GPa and from cc-II to cc-III at ∼ 2.5 GPa, and transitions are independent of the pressurizing rate. Further, as the pressure continues to increase, the cc-IIIb begins to appear and coexists with cc-III within a pressure range that is inversely proportional to the pressurizing rate. At the pressurizing rates of 0.006, 0.012, 0.021, and 0.056 GPa/s, the coexistence pressure ranges of cc-III and cc-IIIb are 2.8 GPa–9.8 GPa, 3.1 GPa–6.9 GPa, 2.7 GPa–6.0 GPa, and 2.8 GPa–4.5 GPa, respectively. The dependence of the coexistence on the pressurizing rate may result from the influence of pressurizing rate on the activation process of transition by reducing the energy barrier. The higher the pressurizing rate, the lower the energy barrier is, and the easier it is to pull the system out of the coexistence state. The results of this in situ study provide new insights into the understanding of the phase transition of calcite.
A mathematical analysis: From memristor to fracmemristor
Authors: Zhu Wu-Yang , Pu Yi-Fei , Liu Bo , Yu Bo , Zhou Ji-Liu
Published: March 2022

The memristor is also a basic electronic component, just like resistors, capacitors and inductors. It is a nonlinear device with memory characteristics. In 2008, with HP’s announcement of the discovery of the TiO2 memristor, the new memristor system, memory capacitor (memcapacitor) and memory inductor (meminductor) were derived. Fractional-order calculus has the characteristics of non-locality, weak singularity and long term memory which traditional integer-order calculus does not have, and can accurately portray or model real-world problems better than the classic integer-order calculus. In recent years, researchers have extended the modeling method of memristor by fractional calculus, and proposed the fractional-order memristor, but its concept is not unified. This paper reviews the existing memristive elements, including integer-order memristor systems and fractional-order memristor systems. We analyze their similarities and differences, give the derivation process, circuit schematic diagrams, and an outlook on the development direction of fractional-order memristive elements.
Design method of reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device
Authors: Yang Cheng-Fu , Yun Li-Jun , Li Jun-Wei
Published: March 2022

Reusable reciprocal invisibility and phantom device is proposed and designed based on multi-folded transformation optics and equivalent components. In comparison with the reported reciprocal invisibility cloaks, the material parameters of the device presented here are homogeneous, and the hiding of the target object does not require any “anti-object” at all, which dramatically breaks through the limitations of the “anti-object” design in previous reciprocal cloak design. Perfectly illusion effect is also found by reasonably setting the material parameters of the restored medium of the device, which can be used to confuse detection radars while hiding target objects. Last but not least, the proposed device has an open structure, which enables the target object enclosed by the device to perform material exchange and simplex transfer of information with the outside world through open channels. In other words, the proposed device has a reusable function, enabling stealth or phantom of new target objects without changing any parameters of the device.
The adsorption potential of andisol/zeolite/fly ash as adsorbents on chromium hexavalent removal
Authors: Mustofa R E , Inayati  , Pranoto
Published: March 2022

The study of Andisol/Zeolite/Fly ash (AZF) as adsorbents has been investigated. This research was aimed to study the characteristics of AZF as an adsorbent for Chromium metal ion removal. Andisol soil and zeolite were activated using NaOH solutions. All materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometry (UV-Vis). Based on the results, the optimum composition of AZF was obtained at the ratio of andisol/zeolite/fly ash of 2.4/2.4/0.2 (w/w%), with a decrease on Chromium(VI) concentration above 92%. The optimum condition occurred at a pH of 3 and 150 minutes of contact time. The isotherm study showed that Freundlich isotherm was more dominant rather than Langmuir isotherm.
Material characterization of pagerjurang clay as a raw material for pottery
Authors: Widjonarko D M , Wahyuningsih S , Pramono E , Saraswaty T E , Lestari W W , Rahardjo S B , April S
Published: March 2022

Various functional and decorative pottery articles are produced of Pagerjurang, Klaten. The articles are made of raw material which are processed, shaped, dried, and burned in traditional kilns. In this study, a raw material of Pagerjurang Clay was characterized using XRD (X-ray Diffractometer) and SEM/EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray). The results showed that Pagerjurang Clay was contained bentonite (24,87 %), quartz (37.08 %), feldspar (9.46 %), and illite (28.57 %), that consist silica 46.51% (w/w) and alumina 17.34 % (w/w), respectively. Pagerjurang Clay is red-browns color; very fine size; easy to break while dry, but very tough and sticky while wet; and easily made into the desired shape and elastic (not easily to be broken)
Synthesis of Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes (Mag-CNT) by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method and Modification for CNT/Epoxy Resin Composite Filler
Authors: Anggoro P A , Saraswati T E , Raharjo W W
Published: March 2022

Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes (Mag-CNT) were synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with an incoloy® 800 catalyst. The gases used in this synthesis are argon, acetylene, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Mag-CNT purification was carried out by soaking in toluene organic solvent for 12 hours and vacuum annealing at 800°C for 3 hours. Mag-CNT characterization using FTIR, TEM, SEM, Raman, and XRD. Epoxy/Mag-CNT composites were made by modifying the Mag-CNT surface using amino functionalization. Surface modification of Mag-CNT with amino functionalization allows homogeneous distribution of Mag-CNT with epoxy resin. Amino functionalization of Mag-CNT converts hydrophobic nonpolar surface of Mag-CNT to polar and hydrophilic. The addition of Mag-CNT to the epoxy resin will affect the mechanical properties of the composite. Tensile and Hardness tests were carried out to determine changes in the mechanical properties of Mag-CNT/Epoxy Resin composites.
The Effect of Mass Ratio Mixture of Durian Peel and Cassava Peel on the Quality of Tissue Paper
Authors: Adawiyah M R , Nuryansah D N , Suryani R , Hanifah S U , Susanty
Published: March 2022

Since cellulose is an important element for the production of tissue paper, many researchers used natural-based materials as an alternative in the manufacture of tissue paper so that it will be more environmentally friendly and safe to use for the community. Previous studies have found that cassava peel waste (57% cellulose) or durian peel (60-65%) each can be an alternative raw material for making tissues with quality does not differ much from tissue products in general. This study aims to determine the influence of durian peel and cassava peel mixture composition with a variation of mass ratio as 1:1; 1:1,5 ; 1:2 ; 1:2,5 ; 1:3 ; 1,5:1 ; 2:1 ; 2,5:1 ; 3:1. This research uses sodium hydroxide 10% for chemical pulping and bleached by 2% of hydrogen peroxide. Once the lignin has been rinsed out from the pulp, sheeting should be carried out by adding tapioca, chitosan and virgin coconut oil. Based on the test analysis and referring to SNI 0103:2008, the optimal composition of durian peel and cassava peel mixture is on the mass ratio of 3:1 which has a gramatur value of 41 g/m2, water absorption of 6.3cm, crushed resistance of 46 seconds and color does not fade, with a clean appearance, a little soft and not perforated so that it almost resembles tissues on the market, although it still has some stiffness to the surface.
Characterization and antimicrobial activity of gold nanoparticles fruit infusion of Medinilla speciosa
Authors: Prihapsara F , Artanti A N , Ni’mah L F U
Published: March 2022

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) is one of plants known to have antibacterial activity that can be used as bioreductor. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles using Parijoto as bioreductor (AuNPsP) and to determine the concentration that had the highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This research was conducted to prepare gold nanoparticles using reductant infusion of parijoto fruits, with a ratio of reducing agent and gold solution 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 respectively. Characterization of gold nanoparticles was carried out using UV Vis Spectrophotometer, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) then tested for antibacterial investigation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The morphology, size, and structural properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles were determined with TEM and PSA analysis which showed spherical mono-dispersed structure with an average particle size of 200-450 nm. FTIR analysis reveal that are responsible for the capping and stabilization of synthesized gold nanoparticles. The effectiveness of AuNPsP against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus increases as the concentration of gold nanoparticle increases. Therefore, the antibacterial investigation revealed that the AuNPsP exhibited good antimicrobial activity.
Drug loading ability and release study of various size small mesoporous silica nanoparticle as drug carrier
Authors: Lestari W A , Wahyuningsih S , Gomez-Ruiz S , Wibowo F R
Published: March 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been widely developed as drug carriers for various drug models in various particle sizes. The morphology of MSN becomes one of the factors which influence drug loading ability. In this study, we investigated the correlation between particle size and surface charge toward the loading ability of MSN. We used various morphology of MSN included its zeta potential value and quercetin as a drug model. The result showed that both particle size and zeta potential value have a correlation toward loading ability. The smaller particle size has a higher loading ability. Meanwhile, the more negative surface charge has a higher loading ability. Additionally, we studied the drug release profile of MSN with different particle sizes. It showed that particle size and zeta potential value play important role in the drug release process to produce a typically-release profile.
Performance analysis of Ag metal hybridized into dye LEG4 as photoanode
Authors: Saputri D G , Supriyanto A , Ahmad M K B , Ramadhani F
Published: March 2022

DSSC (Dye-sensitized Solar Cell) has been the subject of much discussion by researchers because of its use and benefits for human life to get electrical energy from renewable sources. Many modifications were made in order to increase its efficiency. One of them is the addition of Ag at various concentrations of Dye LEG4 (D1;D2;D3;D-Ag). Dye LEG4 (triphenylamine) is one of the synthetic dyes synthesized from dyenamo orange (D35) dye and obtained 4 variations of dye, LEG4 is the result of the synthesis which has the highest efficiency. Ag metal was chosen because it has high conductivity properties. The DSSC compound composed of a working electrode (based on FTO glass coated by TiO2 and hybridized using dye LEG4+Ag) and a counter electrode based on FTO glass coated by platinum. DSSC devices arranged in a sandwich is tested for its optical properties by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer to determine the absorbance curve of dye and to get Gap energy and IV-Meter to determine the efficiency.
Conversion of waste cooking oil into green diesel using Ni/MOR and Cu/MOR catalysts
Authors: Nugrahaningtyas K D , Lukitawati R , Mukhsin S A , Fadlulloh Z , Sabiilagusti A I , Budiman A W , Kurniawati M F
Published: March 2022

This study aims to evaluate the activity of Ni and Cu supported on mordenite catalysts in HDO (hydrodeoxygenation) of waste cooking oil into green diesel. The HDO reaction was conducted in a semi-flow reactor at 350 °C with a hydrogen flow rate of 15 mL/min. The liquid fraction obtained was then analyzed using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results revealed that waste cooking oil contained oleic acid, palmitic acid, and other long-chain hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, Ni/MOR and Cu/MOR catalysts successfully converted waste cooking oil into green diesel up to 56.60 wt%. Furthermore, Ni/MOR and Cu/MOR catalysts also perform a cracking reaction with products of hydrocarbons C5-C17 and carboxylic acids C6-C16. Overall, the conversion of waste cooking oil was higher by using Ni/MOR catalysts rather than Cu/MOR catalysts.
Influence of film thickness on microstructure and optical properties of Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) for photovoltaic application
Authors: Agustina E B , Iriani Y , Sandi D K , Suryana R
Published: March 2022

Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) film with a low bandgap value is a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications. This study discussed the effects of film thickness on the microstructure and optical properties of BFO films. BFO films were deposited on the Quartz-Silicon substrates using the chemical solution deposition (CSD) method. The thickness variation was conducted by varying the deposited layer number which correspond to the thickness values of 252 and 405 nm, respectively. The XRD analysis showed that increasing of films thickness had no significant effect on the crystal structure. It revealed that the XRD peak intensities increase, however, the lattice parameters, crystallite size, and crystallinity are relatively in the close values as the increasing films thickness. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis exhibited the larger grain size of the BFO films with the increasing films thickness. According to the UV-Vis spectrophotometer results, the bandgap values reduced from 2.48 eV to 2.5 eV as the thicker film. Finally, The I-V curve presented that the higher films thickness induced the higher efficiency of the BFO film from 0.97 % to 2.1%. The BFO film with higher thickness could exhibit the better performance for photovoltaic application.
Banana flower extract based ZnO nanoparticle in dye-sensitized solar
Authors: Riyadi U , Devi A I , Marentina D , Nurosyid F
Published: March 2022

Banana flowers are the source of anthocyanins that donate electrons to the active component of 2%. ZnO has high exciton binding and high electron mobility of 155-165 m2V−1s−1 compared to TiO2. In this study, the peak absorbance without tartaric acid 100:0% was at 451 nm and the addition of tartaric acid for 6% concentration 95/5 (v/v) experienced a wavelength shift of 543. The highest absorbance peak was at the dye solution with the variation in methanol and tartaric acid of 90:10% that was 545 nm. The addition of tartaric acid solvents successfully increased the conductivity of the natural dye causing the sample to have good sensitized properties so that could be applied as a photosensitizer. The conductivity values of the variation 100:0% were 0.5188 Q−1 m1 and 0.4922 Q−1 m1 in light and dark conditions, respectively. Then, the conductivity values of the variation 94:5 were 0.8806 Q−1 m1 and 0.8065 Q−1 m1 in the light and dark conditions, respectively. The highest conductivity values were at the variation (90/10) those were 1.1566 Q−1 m1 and 1.1077 Q-1 m1 in light and dark conditions, respectively. The DSSC efficiencies obtained 0.037%, 0.078%, and 0.083% for the variation of 100:0%, 95:5%, and 90:10%, respectively.
Thin layer of nano nomposite RGO COMOS as a counter electrode on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Kawuri K R , Ramelan A H , Supriyanto A , Wahyuningsih S , Harjana  , Fathoni H I
Published: March 2022

This research aims to synthesis of GO using the Hummer method and the effect of adding CoS(Cobalt Sulfide) and CoMoS(Cobalt Molybdenum Sulfide) Nano composites to RGO as a counter electrode of DSSC. RGO doped CoMoS and RGO doped CoMoS was synthesis using solvothermal method by adding nanocomposite CoS and CoMoS to GO by heating 200˚C. RGO CoMoS powder was formed into a paste by stirring and adding a polymer binder. The paste was deposited onto the FTO glass substrate by the slip casting method so that a thin sheet was obtained on the substrate and applied as a counter electrode on the DSSC. This composite will be measured and tested for the morphology of its layer using SEM and tested for electrical properties with Keithley I-V meter. The additional of CoS and CoMoS may cause the changes crystal size of RGO. RGO CoMoS has higher efficiency than GO and RGO. Thin film of RGO CoMoS can be used of counter electrode DSSC that has Voc= 0,39volt, fill factor (FF) 34,32% and η= 1,54%.
Comparison of Benchmark HP Model Proteins on Face-Centered Cubic and Simple Cubic Lattices using Replica-Exchange Wang-Landau Sampling
Authors: Wilson Matthew S. , Landau David P.
Published: March 2022

The HP model represents protein sequences by coarse-graining amino acid types as either hydrophobic (H) or polar (P). This model has been studied extensively, where the simple cubic (sc) lattice is a commonly used for simplicity and efficiency, despite a limited ability to geometrically represent protein structures. One straightforward improvement is to instead use the face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, which offers a more realistic geometry while retaining simplicity. Using the replica-exchange Wang-Landau algorithm, the ground state energies and full density of states are predicted for a set of biologically-motivated HP sequences on the fcc lattice. A direct thermodynamic comparison is made between the folding on fcc and sc lattices, and structural properties are calculated to further examine the folding on the fcc lattice.
Surface critical behavior of the three-dimensional O(3) model
Authors: Parisen Toldin F
Published: March 2022

We report results of high-precision Monte Carlo simulations of a three-dimensional lattice model in the O(3) universality class, in the presence of a surface. By a finite-size scaling analysis we have proven the existence of a special surface transition, computed the associated critical exponents, and shown the presence of an extraordinary phase with logarithmically decaying correlations.
Multicanonical simulations of the 2D spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field
Authors: Fytas Nikolaos G , Vasilopoulos Alexandros , Vatansever Erol , Malakis Anastasios , Weigel Martin
Published: March 2022

We investigate aspects of universality in the two-dimensional (2D) spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in a crystal field Δ using a parallel version of the multicanonical algorithm employed at constant temperature T. A detailed finite-size scaling analysis in the continuous regime of the Δ – T phase diagram of the model indicates that the transition belongs to the universality class of the 4-state Potts model. The presence of first-order-like finite-size effects that become more pronounced as one approaches the pentacritical point of the model is highlighted and discussed.
Sharpening the Universality of Network Resilience Patterns using Motifs
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Cornelius Sean P.
Published: March 2022

The resilience of networked systems to perturbations is a fundamental problem with applications to ecosystem management, financial system stability, and cell reprogramming. This key challenge is that in high-dimensional systems, there is no “oracle” that can predict, a priori, which changes to a nonlinear system’s parameters will be harmless vs. which will cause a system-wide failure (bifurcation). Here, we present a proof of principle using the Florida Bay food web network, showing how one can use higher-order network structure to arrive at a reliable, universal scalar indicator of a system’s proximity to a bifurcation. Our framework builds on and sharpens a recently introduced mean-field theory for nonlinear dynamics on networks. We find that by incorporating information on high-order network structure in the form of network motifs, the prediction of resilience is greatly improved, especially near a bifurcation point. Our results stress the key role of higher-order structure in driving a system’s dynamics, offering new ways to anticipate and prevent the collapse of large networks raging from ecosystems to infrastructure networks.
Characterizing flexibility and mobility in the natural mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 spikes
Authors: Panayis James , Römer Navodya S. , Bellini Dom , Katrine Wallis A. , Römer Rudolf A.
Published: March 2022

We use in silico modelling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its mutations, as deposited on the Protein Data Bank (PDB), to ascertain their dynamics, flexibility and rigidity. Identifying the precise nature of the dynamics for the spike proteins enables, in principle, the use of further in silico design methods to quickly screen for existing and novel drug molecules that might prohibit the natural protein dynamics. We employ a recent protein flexibility modeling approach, combining methods for deconstructing a protein structure into a network of rigid and flexible units with a method that explores the elastic modes of motion of this network, and a geometric modeling of flexible motion. Our results thus far indicate that the overall motion of wild-type and mutated spike protein structures remains largely the same.
The Phonon Quasiparticle Approach for Anharmonic Properties of Solids
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Dong-Bo , Sun Tao , Wentzcovitch Renata M.
Published: March 2022

Knowledge of lattice anharmonicity is essential to elucidate distinctive thermal properties in crystalline solids. Yet, accurate ab initio investigations of lattice anharmonicity encounter difficulties owing to the cumbersome computations. Here we introduce the phonon quasiparticle approach and review its application to various materials. This method efficiently and reliably addresses lattice anharmonicity by combining ab initio molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics calculations. Thus, in principle, it accounts for full anharmonic effects and overcomes finite-size effects typical of ab initio molecular dynamics. The validity and effectiveness of the current approach are demonstrated in the computation of thermodynamic and heat transport properties of weakly and strongly anharmonic systems.
Coupling Simulation on Two-dimensional Axisymmetric Beaming Propulsion System
Authors: Takahashi Masayuki
Published: March 2022

A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric fluid modeling for plasma dynamics was coupled with an electromagnetic wave propagation to capture the electromagnetic wave and plasma structures on the microwave-driven in-tube accelerator (MITA) concept. The electromagnetic wave injected into a waveguide was focused on at the vehicle’s rear side through reflection processes by the front mirror and the waveguide. An overcritical plasma was created at the high-intensity electric field region because of enhancement of an electron-impact ionization. The incident microwave was reflected by the plasma with overcritical density and a standing wave was induced in front of the dense plasma because the reflected wave overlapped with the incident microwave. In addition to wave enhancement by standing process, the strong electric field region was obtained at edges of the overcritical plasma because of wave diffraction, which can affect a shock wave strength and thrust performance of the MITA.