bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dreaming like a market: The hidden script of financial inclusion in China's P2P lending platforms
Authors: Rao Yichen
Published: December 2020

In the past ten years, Chinese people of different social strata have swarmed into the peer‐to‐peer (P2P) lending industry as lenders and borrowers. Meanwhile, stories have circulated across the media about desperate investors who lost their life savings on these lending platforms, many of which turned out to be Ponzi schemes. Based on fifteen months of fieldwork, this article presents a failed yet influential social experiment of digital finance in the world's largest developing economy. This article examines the morality of the P2P market by observing how the aspirational public script of financial inclusion is maintained and experienced through a hidden technological script that alienates the notion of “peer.” This article argues that the morality of the market is not only about “seeing” and judging from a distance but also about “feeling” and managing the moral boundaries and intersubjective distances between actors. These altered distances restructure interpersonal responsibilities and sustain the dreams and imagination that shape financial subjects on an unconscious level. The article expands the concept of market relationality beyond direct interactions between actors and uncovers the inherent tensions within the dream of financial inclusion. It examines the fantasy of beneficial technology in shaping market morality and the unintended consequences it produces.
Optical Imaging and High‐Accuracy Quantification of Intracellular Iron Contents
Authors: Ye Dewen , Li Mingxi , Xie Yuanyuan , Chen Bo , Han Yuexia , Liu Sijin , Wei Qi‐Huo , Gu Ning
Published: December 2020

Precise quantification of intracellular iron contents is important to biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Current approaches for iron quantification rely on specialized instruments while most only yield iron quantities averaged over plenty of cells. Here, a simple and robust approach, combining digital optical microscopy with the Beer–Lambert's law, that allows for imaging stainable iron distribution in individual cells and the quantification of stainable iron contents with an unprecedented accuracy of femtogram per pixel, is presented. It is further shown that this approach enables studying of the internalization and reduction dynamics of super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by stem cells in single cell level.
“Thinking Too Much”: A Clash of Legitimate Values in Clinical Practice Calls for an Indaba Guided by African Values-Based Practice
Authors: Van Staden Werdie
Published: December 2020

This chapter applies African value-based practice (A-VBP) to the story of Akanya at two major decision points when values clashed: first between the general practitioner and Akanya’s parents when Akanya was acutely psychotic and required hospitalisation and second 8 years later, when Akanya wanted to discontinue his antipsychotic medication against medical advice. For both rather difficult decision points, the story illustrates how an indaba within A-VBP served as a practical process to take seriously and account for values that were clashing (i.e., uncommon ground), framed by values that were shared (i.e., common ground). The story underscores that dissensual decision-making affords more than default responses such as “I offer only what is medically best—take it or leave it” or alternatively “whatever the patient wants.”
Recovery and Cultural Values: On Our Own Terms (A Dialogue)
Authors: Keen Justine , Shaw Richard J.
Published: December 2020

The chapter is about recovery in the sense of achieving a good quality of life as defined by what is important to (i.e. the values of) those concerned rather than by professional and service delivery priorities (Allott, P., What is mental health, illness and recovery, Ch 1. In: Ryan T, Pritchard J (eds) Good practice in adult mental health. Good practice series 10. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London, 2004; Slade M., et al., World Psychiatry 13:12–20, 2014). The narrative is in the form of a dialogue between two people, both with extensive experience of severe long-term mental health issues. Unscripted and unedited the dialogue captures both the challenges and resources for recovery arising from the different cultures in which the authors have found themselves. Their experiences reinforce the well-established but too often unheeded conclusion that key drivers of recovery are factors such as companionship, having somewhere to live, and control over what happens to you (including what if any medication may be helpful).
A Cross-Cultural Values-Based Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dissociative (Conversion) Disorders
Authors: Todeva-Radneva Anna , Beshkov Asen
Published: December 2020

This case report presents the story of a young woman of Romani descent with a mixed dissociative (conversion) disorder within the contextual evidence-based and value-based medical framework. By painting the picture illustrating the course of her illness and the circumstances leading to the last clinical episode, compelling her most recent hospitalization, we delineate the contrast between common clinical phenomenology and the additional layers of the patient’s beliefs and values. Thus, we emphasize the importance of expanding the one-dimensional mainstream evidence-based approach, not only in cases of cross-cultural doctor-patient interactions but also in general medical practice, since the health attitudes and illness behaviors of every individual are influenced by their values and beliefs. In addition, the contemporary notion of medicine as a factual science requires a paradigm shift toward integrative multifaceted approaches if we as doctors are to treat human beings and not merely diseases.
Covert Treatment in a Cross-Cultural Setting
Authors: Pickering Neil
Published: December 2020

Value-based medicine recognises the legitimacy of value differences. These may be associated with differences amongst individuals’ values or cultural differences. The latter arise in the case discussed here where the parents of a young man who hale from India discuss covert treatment with a psychiatrist (who is also from India). As the young man has decision-making capacity, and the case takes place in the UK, this is not a legal option. But it is possible that it might have been acceptable in India. However, transcultural analyses of cultural differences call attention to the internal variety of cultures, and this is explored in this case. It is suggested that judgements about capacity may contain judgements about whether a person’s choices are unacceptably harmful to them.
Training for Task: An Introduction to Part V, Training
Authors: Fulford Bill
Published: December 2020

This chapter introduces the contributions to Part V of the book, Training. Between them these contributions explore the implications for a culturally enriched form of values-based practice of training in each of its four key skills areas, awareness of values, knowledge of values, reasoning about values, and communication skills (especially for eliciting values and conflict resolution). As with other areas of values-based practice engagement with cultural values presents new challenges but also provides new resources for effective implementation.
Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and VBP
Authors: Knox Taryn
Published: December 2020

According to VBP, to determine whether an individual ought to be able to choose to have safe, effective and truly consensual sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE—also known as conversion therapy), the legitimate values—values compatible with mutual respect—of the individual involved and other affected parties need to be considered. Fulford suggests that homophobic values are incompatible with mutual respect, which suggests that SOCE should not be available. This chapter argues that certain homophobic values may be compatible with mutual respect. Hence, in certain circumstances, VBP could allow safe, effective and truly consensual SOCE to go ahead. This could be considered to be a weakness of VBP. However, VBP should be applauded for considering the values of all involved, including those who make choices for themselves that do not align with the dominant ideology of a society.
Beyond the Color Bar: Sharing Narratives in Order to Promote a Clearer Understanding of Mental Health Issues Across Cultural and Racial Boundaries
Authors: King Colin , Clarke Simon , Gillard Steven , Fulford Bill
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes through the narratives of those involved the contrasting experiences of one black and three white men who have worked together over a number of years on a series of academic and training projects. The shared aim of the group is to reach better understanding of each other’s perspectives (to get ‘beyond the colour bar’) thus gaining insights that could contribute to reducing the black-white inequalities that continue within mental health service provision. The extent of the differences between group members revealed by their respective narratives might suggest that they have failed in their shared aim. Held together however as they are by the premise of mutual respect underpinning values-based practice, the differences between them point instead to the importance of ‘whiteness’ as an implicit cultural frame driving racial inequalities in mental health. Challenging this frame and thus delivering more equal treatment will involve overcoming the challenge of pluralism at the heart of values-based practice.
Are Citizen Science “Socials” Multilingual? Lessons in (Non)translation from Zooniverse
Authors: Desjardins Renée
Published: December 2020

Few studies outside Translation Studies examine the presence and role of translation in the social media landscape, particularly beyond the “big” players (e.g., Facebook; Twitter)—as if the exchange of content occurs seamlessly in these inherently multilingual and multicultural contexts. This study examines a distinct social platform (“Zooniverse”) that links academe and citizen scientists. The chapter examines how and to what effect translation is mobilized to produce and disseminate (scientific) knowledge on social platforms/social media. This research builds on previous work investigating the motivations of volunteer translators in citizen science, but it is distinct in its methodology: instead of examining volunteer motivations, the focus is on the presence (or lack thereof), as well as the role(s) and effect(s) of translation in relation to linguistic representation, knowledge production, and knowledge dissemination.
Swing surfaces and holographic entanglement beyond AdS/CFT
Authors: Apolo Luis , Jiang Hongliang , Song Wei , Zhong Yuan
Published: December 2020

Abstract

We propose a holographic entanglement entropy prescription for general states and regions in two models of holography beyond AdS/CFT known as flat3/BMSFT and (W)AdS3/WCFT. Flat3/BMSFT is a candidate of holography for asymptotically flat three- dimensional spacetimes, while (W)AdS3/WCFT is relevant in the study of black holes in the real world. In particular, the boundary theories are examples of quantum field theories that feature an infinite dimensional symmetry group but break Lorentz invariance. Our holographic entanglement entropy proposal is given by the area of a swing surface that consists of ropes, which are null geodesics emanating from the entangling surface at the boundary, and a bench, which is a spacelike geodesic connecting the ropes. The proposal is supported by an extension of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena argument, reproduces previous results based on the Rindler method, and satisfies the first law of entanglement entropy.
Global continuity and higher integrability of a minimizer of an obstacle problem under generalized Orlicz growth conditions
Authors: Karppinen Arttu
Published: December 2020

We prove continuity up to the boundary of the minimizer of an obstacle problem and higher integrability of its gradient under generalized Orlicz growth. The result recovers similar results obtained in the special cases of polynomial growth, variable exponent growth and produces new results for Orlicz and double phase growth.
$$\aleph _0$$-categoricity of semigroups II
Authors: Quinn-Gregson Thomas
Published: December 2020

A countable semigroup is$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical if it can be characterised, up to isomorphism, by its first-order properties. In this paper we continue our investigation into the$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categoricity of semigroups. Our main results are a complete classification of$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical orthodox completely 0-simple semigroups, and descriptions of the$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical members of certain classes of strong semilattices of semigroups.
Optimal method for metabolic tumour volume assessment of cervical cancers with inter-observer agreement on [18F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography
Authors: Arshad Mubarik A. , Gitau Samuel , Tam Henry , Park Won-Ho E. , Patel Neva H. , Rockall Andrea , Aboagye Eric O. , Bharwani Nishat , Barwick Tara D.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Cervical cancer metabolic tumour volume (MTV) derived from [18F]-FDG PET/CT has a role in prognostication and therapy planning. There is no standard method of outlining MTV on [18F]-FDG PET/CT. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal method to outline primary cervical tumours on [18F]-FDG PET/CT using MRI-derived tumour volumes as the reference standard.

Methods

81 consecutive cervical cancer patients with pre-treatment staging MRI and [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging were included. MRI volumes were compared with different PET segmentation methods. Method 1 measured MTVs at different SUVmax thresholds ranging from 20 to 60% (MTV20-MTV60) with bladder masking and manual adjustment when required. Method 2 created an isocontour around the tumour prior to different SUVmax thresholds being applied. Method 3 used an automated gradient method. Inter-observer agreement of MTV, following manual adjustment when required, was recorded.

Results

For method 1, the MTV25 and MTV30 were closest to the MRI volumes for both readers (mean percentage change from MRI volume of 2.9% and 13.4% for MTV25 and − 13.1% and − 2.0% for MTV30 for readers 1 and 2). 70% of lesions required manual adjustment at MTV25 compared with 45% at MTV30. There was excellent inter-observer agreement between MTV30 to MTV60 (ICC ranged from 0.898–0.976 with narrow 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) and moderate agreement at lower thresholds (ICC estimates of 0.534 and 0.617, respectively for the MTV20 and MTV25 with wide 95% CIs). Bladder masking was performed in 86% of cases overall. For method 2, excellent correlation was demonstrated at MTV25 and MTV30 (mean % change from MRI volume of −3.9% and − 8.6% for MTV25 and − 16.9% and 19% for MTV30 for readers 1 and 2, respectively). This method also demonstrated excellent ICC across all thresholds with no manual adjustment. Method 3 demonstrated excellent ICC of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97) but had a mean percentage difference from the MRI volume of − 19.1 and − 18.2% for readers 1 and 2, respectively. 21% required manual adjustment for both readers.

Conclusion

MTV30 provides the optimal correlation with MRI volume taking into consideration the excellent inter-reader agreement and less requirement for manual adjustment.
Endotheliitis bei COVID-19
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2020

Bei COVID-19-Infektion liegt eine systemische virale Reaktion gefolgt von einer entzündlichen Krankheitsphase vor. Die erste Phase verläuft meist mild/asymptomatisch. Nur ein Teil der Patienten entwickelt die entzündliche Phase mit hoher Mortalität. Patienten mit vorbestehenden kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren haben ein höheres Risiko, schwer an COVID-19 zu erkranken. COVID-19 betrifft nicht nur das Lungenparenchym durch die ACE2-Rezeptoren. COVID-19 betrifft nicht nur das Lungenparenchym durch die ACE2-Rezeptoren, sondern kann auch im Gesamtkörper eine generalisierte endotheliale Schädigung und Entzündung im Sinne einer sog. Endotheliitis zur Folge haben. Die Morphologie der Endotheliitis stellt eine Akkumulation von Lymphozyten, Plasmazellen und Makrophagen im und unterhalb der endothelialen Zellen dar. Eine Endotheliitis kann eine Vasokonstriktion mit konsekutiver Organischämie, Entzündung und Gewebeödem sowie thrombotische Mikrozirkulationsstörung zur Folge haben. Patienten mit vorbestehender kardiovaskulärer Dysfunktion (Hypertonus, Diabetes mellitus, Übergewicht und weitere kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, männliches Geschlecht) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere Verläufe einer COVID-19-Infektion. Insbesondere endothelstabilisierende Ansätze kommen aus diesen Gründen zum Einsatz. Die Erkenntnisse wurden seit dem Pandemieausbruch mehrheitlich von Autopsien gewonnen.
Correction to: The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism
Authors: Park Sanghee , Church David D. , Starck Carlene , Schutzler Scott E. , Azhar Gohar , Kim Il-Young , Ferrando Arny A. , Moughan Paul J. , Wolfe Robert R.
Published: December 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Unfortunately, the Figs. 3 and 4 overlapped. Figures 3 and 4 should be.
Volcanic activity and gas emissions along the South Sandwich Arc
Authors: Liu Emma J. , Wood Kieran , Aiuppa Alessandro , Giudice Gaetano , Bitetto Marcello , Fischer Tobias P. , McCormick Kilbride Brendan T. , Plank Terry , Hart Tom
Published: December 2020

The South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is one of the most remote and enigmatic arcs on Earth. Sporadic observations from rare cloud-free satellite images—and even rarer in situ reports—provide glimpses into a dynamic arc system characterised by persistent gas emissions and frequent eruptive activity. Our understanding of the state of volcanic activity along this arc is incomplete compared to arcs globally. To fill this gap, we present here detailed geological and volcanological observations made during an expedition to the South Sandwich Islands in January 2020. We report the first in situ measurements of gas chemistry, emission rate and carbon isotope composition from along the arc. We show that Mt. Michael on Saunders Island is a persistent source of gas emissions, releasing 145 ± 59 t day−1 SO2 in a plume characterised by a CO2/SO2 molar ratio of 1.8 ± 0.2. Combining this CO2/SO2 ratio with our independent SO2 emission rate measured near simultaneously, we derive a CO2 flux of 179 ± 76 t day−1. Outgassing from low temperature (90–100 °C) fumaroles is pervasive at the active centres of Candlemas and Bellingshausen, with measured gas compositions indicative of interaction between magmatic fluids and hydrothermal systems. Carbon isotope measurements of dilute plume and fumarole gases from along the arc indicate a magmatic δ13C of − 4.5 ± 2.0‰. Interpreted most simply, this result suggests a carbon source dominated by mantle-derived carbon. However, based on a carbon mass balance from sediment core ODP 701, we show that mixing between depleted upper mantle and a subduction component composed of sediment and altered crust is also permissible. We conclude that, although remote, the South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is an ideal tectonic setting in which to explore geochemical processes in a young, developing arc.
Temperatures and precipitation affect vegetation dynamics on Scandinavian extensive green roofs
Authors: Lönnqvist Joel , Hanslin Hans Martin , Johannessen Birgitte Gisvold , Muthanna Tone Merete , Viklander Maria , Blecken Godecke
Published: December 2020

Standard succulent vegetation mixes developed mostly in temperate climates are being increasingly used on green roofs in different climate zones with uncertain outcome regarding vegetation survival and cover. We investigated vegetation on green roofs at nine temperate, cold, and/or wet locations in Norway and Sweden covering wide ranges of latitude, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, frequencies of freeze-thaw cycles, and longest annual dry period. The vegetation on the roofs were surveyed in two consecutive years, and weather data were compiled from meteorological databases. At all sites we detected a significant decline in species compared to originally intended (planted/sown) species. Both the survival rate and cover of the intended vegetation were positively related to the mean annual temperature. Contrary to a hypothesis, we found that intended vegetation cover was negatively rather than positively related to mean annual precipitation. Conversely, the unintended (spontaneous) vegetation was favoured by high mean annual precipitation and low mean annual temperature, possibly by enabling it to colonize bare patches and outcompete the intended vegetation. When there is high mortality and variation in cover of the intended vegetation, predicting the strength of ecosystem services the vegetation provides on green roofs is difficult. The results highlight the needs for further investigation on species traits and the local factors driving extinction and colonizations in order to improve survivability and ensure a dense vegetation throughout the successional stages of a green roof.
Orthodontic incisor decompensation in orthognathic therapy—success and efficiency in three dimensions
Authors: Quast Anja , Santander Petra , Leding Johanna , Klenke Daniela , Moser Norman , Schliephake Henning , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Sufficient dental decompensation is crucial for treatment success in combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The study’s objective was to determine the treatment success and efficiency in sagittal, vertical, and transversal decompensation.

Methods

This longitudinal, observational study enrolled 52 adult patients, who underwent orthodontic-surgical treatment. Incisor inclinations and positions as well as skeletal changes were assessed pre-treatment (T1), pre-surgical (T2), and post-surgical (T3) by lateral cephalograms and CBCT scans.

Results

Incisor decompensation was insufficient in all three dimensions. Sagittal: treatment efficiency did not differ between class II and III patients. Vertical: patients with open bite demonstrated pre-surgical bite deepening and insufficient surgical reduction of the maxillomandibular plane angle. Transversal: Dental midline deviations were not adapted to the skeletal asymmetry so that menton deviations were not properly corrected.

Conclusions

Incisor decompensation was not as successful as requested in all three dimensions and the treatment ideal was seldom achieved.

Clinical relevance

To improve the skeletal outcome, the orthodontist has to treat the patient with the desired surgical movements in mind and should critically evaluate the pre-surgical incisor decompensation before referral to the surgical team.
Influence of dynamic preoperative body mass index changes on patient-reported outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease
Authors: Siccoli Alessandro , Schröder Marc L. , Staartjes Victor E.
Published: December 2020

Psychological factors demonstrably and often massively influence outcomes of degenerative spine surgery, and one could hypothesize that preoperative weight loss may correlate with motivation and lifestyle adjustment, thus leading to potentially enhanced outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative weight loss or gain, respectively, on patient-reported outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. Weight loss was defined as a BMI decrease of ≤ − 0.5 kg/m2 over a period of at least 1 month, and weight gain as a BMI increase of ≥ 0.5 kg/m2 in the same time period, respectively. The primary endpoint was set as the achievement of the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in the ODI at 1 or 2 years postoperatively. A total of 154 patients were included. Weight loss (odds ratio (OR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52 to 2.80) and weight gain (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.43 to 2.55) showed no significant influence on MCID achievement for ODI compared to a stable BMI. The same results were observed when analysing long-term NRS-BP and NRS-LP. Regression analysis showed no correlation between BMI change and PROM change scores for any of the three PROMs. Adjustment for age and gender did not alter results. Our findings suggest that both preoperative weight loss and weight gain may have no measurable effect on long-term postoperative outcome compared to a stable BMI. Weight loss preoperatively—as a potential surrogate sign of patient motivation and lifestyle change—may thus not influence postoperative outcomes.
Simvastatin treatment varies the radiation response of human breast cells in 2D or 3D culture
Authors: Manda Katrin , Juerß Dajana , Fischer Paul , Schröder Annemarie , Koenen Annelie , Hildebrandt Guido
Published: December 2020

BackgroundStatins inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis and are used as cholesterol-lowering agents in fat-metabolism disorders. Furthermore, several studies state that statins have supportive functions in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, simvastatin (SVA) as a potential radiosensitizer should be investigated on the basis of human breast cells.MethodsFirst, an optimal concentration of SVA for normal (MCF10A) and cancer (MCF-7) cells was identified via growth and cytotoxicity assays that, according to the definition of a radiosensitizer in the narrower sense, enhances the effect of radiation therapy but has no cytotoxic effect. Next, in combination with radiation SVA’s influence on DNA repair capacity and clonogenic survival in 2D and 3D was determined. Furthermore cell cycle distribution, expression of survivin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as well as ERK1 map kinase were analysed.Results1 μM SVA was identified as highest concentration without an influence on cell growth and cytotoxicity and was used for further analyses. In terms of early and residual γH2AX-foci, SVA affected the number of foci in both cell lines with or without irradiation. Different radiation responses were detected in 2D and 3D culture conditions. During the 2D cultivation, a radiosensitizing effect within the clonogenic survival was observable, but not in 3D.ConclusionThe present study suggests that SVA may have potential for radiosensitization. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the role of SVA in relation to the extent of radiosensitization and how it could be used to positively influence the therapy of breast cancer or other entities.
Women’s Family Care Responsibilities, Employment and Health: A Tale of Two Countries
Authors: Mussida Chiara , Patimo Raffaella
Published: December 2020

Persistently low employment of women in some countries can still be ascribed to a traditional perception of women’s role in society. According to observed data and prevailing social and cultural norms, women have been bearing the primary burdens of housework, childcare, and other family responsibilities. The unequal share of care responsibilities between women and men further worsens the disadvantages of women in balancing public and private life, with an impact on their employment and health outcomes. In this paper we investigate the role of family responsibilities in shaping employment and health outcomes by gender, in Italy and France, during and after the economic downturn. We use data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions for the time windows of 2007–2010 and 2011–2014. Our results support that gender differences in the share of responsibilities roles in the public and private sphere influence the employability and health perception of women.
Resilient Drinking Water Resources
Authors: Kloosterman Ritsche A. , van der Hoek Jan Peter , Herder Paulien
Published: December 2020

A significant challenge for managers of drinking water infrastructures is to make effective strategic decisions for assets with a long lifetime in an uncertain and changing environment. Water resources, which are part of the drinking water infrastructures, have a special position in this decision making process as they operate at the interface of the socio-technical and the socio-ecological subsystems: water resources are the input for the technical system, consisting of pipes and pumps that interact with different actors; and water resources can be seen as output from the ecological system which is influenced by environmental and political issues like climate change, drought and competing and changing uses of water and space. This paper discusses how to design the water resources in such a way that they function in the desired way at present, but that the design also fits an uncertain future as good as possible. To this extent, a framework was developed based upon the notion of resilience. Existing general design principles for socio-technical systems from literature were used as building blocks in the development of our water resources design principles (WR-DP) framework. Three key characteristics of water resources were distinguished in this framework: water quantity, water quality and the environmental impact of the water resources. In addition, we distinguished two dimensions that allowed us to explicitly describe all possible design principles: system scale and class. The first dimension, system scale, ranges from one water resource to a network of water resources. The second dimension, class, makes a distinction between social aspects and technical aspects. Application of the WR-DP framework in a case of a drinking water company in the Netherlands showed the usability of the framework.
Compact differences of weighted composition operators
Authors: Liu Bin , Rättyä Jouni
Published: December 2020

Compact differences of two weighted composition operators acting from the weighted Bergman space $$A^p_{\omega }$$

A
ω
p

to another weighted Bergman space $$A^q_{\nu }$$

A
ν
q

, where $$0<p\le q<\infty $$

0
<
p
≤
q
<
∞

and $$\omega ,\nu $$

ω
,
ν

belong to the class $${\mathcal {D}}$$
D
of radial weights satisfying two-sided doubling conditions, are characterized. On the way to the proof a new description of q-Carleson measures for $$A^p_{\omega }$$

A
ω
p

, with $$\omega \in {\mathcal {D}}$$

ω
∈
D

, in terms of pseudohyperbolic discs is established. This last-mentioned result generalizes the well-known characterization of q-Carleson measures for the classical weighted Bergman space $$A^p_{\alpha }$$

A
α
p

with $$-1<\alpha <\infty $$

-
1
<
α
<
∞

to the setting of doubling weights.
Overlapping community finding with noisy pairwise constraints
Authors: Alghamdi Elham , Rushe Ellen , Mac Namee Brian , Greene Derek
Published: December 2020

In many real applications of semi-supervised learning, the guidance provided by a human oracle might be “noisy” or inaccurate. Human annotators will often be imperfect, in the sense that they can make subjective decisions, they might only have partial knowledge of the task at hand, or they may simply complete a labeling task incorrectly due to the burden of annotation. Similarly, in the context of semi-supervised community finding in complex networks, information encoded as pairwise constraints may be unreliable or conflicting due to the human element in the annotation process. This study aims to address the challenge of handling noisy pairwise constraints in overlapping semi-supervised community detection, by framing the task as an outlier detection problem. We propose a general architecture which includes a process to “clean” or filter noisy constraints. Furthermore, we introduce multiple designs for the cleaning process which use different type of outlier detection models, including autoencoders. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted for each proposed methodology, which demonstrates the potential of the proposed architecture for reducing the impact of noisy supervision in the context of overlapping community detection.
Chinese expert consensus on fertility-preserving treatment for young women with early stage well differentiated endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhou Rong , Lu Qun , Liu Guoli , Wang Yiqin , Wang Jianliu
Published: December 2020

For young women with early stage well differentiated endometrial cancer who have fertility desire, it is import to give comprehensive assessment before initiation of conservative treatment. Progestin based therapy with regular assessment of treatment efficacy can achieve a promising outcome. After complete remission patients are suggested with assisted reproductive technology or maintenance therapy depending on their immediate pregnancy plan. Hysterectomy is recommended for patients who have finished reproduction while re-treatment for recurrent cases should be carefully informed.
Expressions of self-ageism in four European countries: a comparative analysis of predictors across cultural contexts
Authors: Schuurman Belia , Lindenberg Jolanda , Huijg Johanna M. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Slaets Joris P. J.
Published: December 2020

Self-ageism has a significant negative impact on older people's ageing experiences and health outcomes. Despite ample evidence on cross-cultural ageism, studies have rarely looked into the way cultural contexts affect self-ageism. In this article, we compare expressions of self-ageism and its possible predictors across four European countries based on two questionnaires in a study sample of 2,494 individuals aged 55 and older. We explore how predictors of self-ageism are moderated by cultural values in a comparative fixed-effects regression model. We empirically show that similarly to ageism, self-ageism is not present in the same way and to the same extent in every country. Moreover, the level to which cultures value hierarchy and intellectual autonomy significantly moderates the association between self-ageism and individual predictors of self-ageism. Our study adds to the small existing body of work on self-ageism by confirming empirically that certain expressions of self-ageism and individual predictors are susceptible to change in different cultural contexts. Our research results suggest that self-ageism interventions may benefit from a culturally sensitive approach and imply that more culturally diverse comparisons of self-ageism are necessary to figure out fitting ways to reduce self-ageism.
Maternal intake of alpha-lipoic acid prevents development of symptoms associated with a fructose-rich diet in the male offspring in Wistar rats
Authors: Rabaglino María Belén , Moreira-Espinoza María José , Lagares Clarisa , Garay Maria Isabel , Quiroga Patricia , Pasqualini María Eugenia , Francini Flavio , Beltramo Dante
Published: December 2020

The hypothesis was that maternal intake of the antioxidant alpha-lipoid acid (ALA), during the developmental period of the hypothalamic orexigenic neurons, causes a permanent beneficial effect in offspring metabolism. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with standard diet (food) + ALA (0.4% wt/wt) from day 14 of gestation to day 20 of lactation (n = 4) or food (n = 4). At 3 months of age, male offspring born from ALA-fed rats or controls (CT) were randomly assigned to be fed with food + 10% fructose solution in drinking water (F) or food + tap water (C), resulting in four groups: ALAF, ALAC, CTF, and CTC (n = 5/group). Food intake and body weight (BW) were measured twice a week for 31 days. Metabolites’ levels in blood, mRNA expressions of Npy, Agrp (hypothalamus), Fasn, Srebf1, Ppard, and Pparg (liver), and the antioxidant capacity of the liver were determined. Results significance was set at p < 0.05. Average BW gain, daily BW gain, and intraabdominal fat tissue at necropsy were higher in CTF group followed by CTC, ALAF, and ALAC groups. There were no differences between groups in Kcal intake per day. mRNA expressions of hypothalamic and hepatic genes and plasmatic levels of glucose and triglycerides were higher in CTF group followed by ALAF, CTC, and ALAC groups. Fructose intake affected the oxidative capacity of the liver, but this effect was not observed in the ALAF group. In conclusion, maternal ALA intake protected the adult offspring to develop metabolic symptoms associated with high fructose in the drinking water.
Wie Jugendliche ihren Substanzgebrauch zu Beginn einer erstmaligen stationären Suchtbehandlung erklären
Authors: Rothmoser Max
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Erklärungsmodelle der Sucht von 34 Jugendlichen mit Substanzgebrauch. Die Befragungen erfolgten zu Beginn einer erstmaligen Aufnahme auf eine Suchtstation. Methode: Es wurden strukturierte Interviews mit 34 Jugendlichen im Alter von 14 bis 20 Jahren geführt und nach der Methode der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Bei der Frage nach der Definition von Sucht wurde von den Jugendlichen hauptsächlich das Merkmal „Suchtdruck“ genannt. Die Abhängigkeitskriterien des ICD-10 sind, mit Ausnahme von „Suchtdruck“, in den spontanen Suchtdefinitionen unterrepräsentiert. Körperliche Entzugssymptome wurden nur von einer Minderheit thematisiert und können nur von 65 % der Teilnehmer angemessen beschrieben werden. Am ehesten können sich die Jugendlichen vorstellen, Suchtprobleme bei ihren Freunden anzusprechen. Ein Suchtproblem kann nach Ansicht der Jugendlichen v. a. durch die mentale Stärke des Betroffenen erfolgreich behandelt werden. Der Konsum von Cannabis wird von den Teilnehmern verharmlost. Die Ergebnisse erlauben es Tendenzen zu entnehmen, zeigen jedoch auch, wie unterschiedlich die Jugendlichen denken. Schlussfolgerungen: Da die Konzepte der Jugendlichen zu Sucht wenige Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem ICD-10 Konzept von Abhängigkeit aufweisen, sollten weitere Studien jugendgerechte Suchtkriterien empirisch überprüfen. Die subjektiven Suchtmerkmale dieser Arbeit bieten hierfür Anknüpfungspunkte. Jugendliche sollen besser über Substanzkonsum aufgeklärt werden, da ihnen ein Risikobewusstsein für ihre noch nicht abgeschlossene Gehirnentwicklung fehlt. Die Teilnehmer gaben oft an mit dem Substanzkonsum begonnen zu haben, um Glücksgefühle zu erfahren oder neugierig auf die Wirkung gewesen zu sein. Dies zeigt uns den Stellenwert positiver, neuer Erfahrungen und sollte auch im Kontext von Entwicklungsaufgaben in der Adoleszenz gesehen werden.
Review zu glücksspielbezogenen Problemen des Personals von Glücksspielanbietern
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Kornek Christian
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Der vorliegende Beitrag will klären, ob für das Personal von Glücksspielanbietern ein erhöhtes Risiko besteht, Symptome einer glücksspielbezogenen Störung zu zeigen. Methodik: Relevante Quellen ließen sich mit Hilfe einer regelgeleiteten Suchstrategie in drei Datenbanken sowie einer flankierenden Handrecherche identifizieren. Dabei fanden sowohl Primärstudien mit quantitativer als auch mit qualitativer Ausrichtung Berücksichtigung. Die Literatursuche mündete in insgesamt 12 Treffern. Ergebnisse: Es bleibt festzuhalten, dass alle Primärstudien aus nicht-europäischen Ländern stammen und bis 2013 veröffentlicht wurden. Unter den neun quantitativen Primärstudien variieren die Stichprobengrößen erheblich (von N = 56 bis N = 6.067); eine Quelle bietet Longitudinaldaten an. In der Gesamtbetrachtung verweisen die Befunde auf ein erhöhtes Ausmaß glücksspielbezogener Probleme bei der fokussierten Zielgruppe (bis zu 33,7 %). Insbesondere subklinische Ausprägungen einer glücksspielbezogenen Fehlanpassung sind überzufällig häufig anzutreffen. Offenbar tragen jobspezifische Faktoren, wie eine hohe Glücksspiel-Exposition, zumindest bei einem bedeutsamen Anteil der Betroffenen zu der Problemgenese bei. Schlussfolgerungen: Zum einen besteht weiterführender Forschungsbedarf für verschiedene Glücksspielsettings (z. B. Wettbüros). Zum anderen existieren Handlungsnotwendigkeiten für die Glücksspielanbieter, die von einer optimierten Personalauswahl bis zu der Implementierung von betrieblichen Suchtpräventionsprogrammen reichen.
An Infrastructure Perspective for Enhancing Multi‐functionality of Forests: A Conceptual Modeling Approach
Authors: Houballah Mojtaba , Mathias Jean‐Denis , Cordonnier Thomas
Published: December 2020

Many forest resource systems depend heavily on shared and coupled infrastructures in applying their management strategies. Addressing a question of sustainability for relevant contemporary social‐ecological systems (SES) can be tackled by understanding how these shared infrastructures mediate the interaction between human and ecological environment. Shared infrastructures, which are mainly composed of roads (accessibility utilities), highlight the relation between the performance of ecosystem services and the multifunctional use of the forest. However, dilemmas associated with road provision pose some problems when applied in a forest multifunctional management context, because roads potentially diminish or enhance forest functions in a complex way. In this context, maintaining, fostering, and improving multifunctional management where the development of an ecosystem function can affect the performance of others is challenging. We propose to develop a mathematical model based on a recent study that links multifunctional forest management to the multifunctionality of forest roads by using the SES and robustness frameworks. With this model, we analyze the evolution of the forest system and three key forest functions (wood production, tourism, and nature conservation) when impacted by decisions of road provision. We then examine how governance provision strategies can affect the performance of functions and how these strategies can potentially foster forest multifunctionality. This approach allows us to derive conditions of sustainability in which decisions of shared infrastructure provisions can play an important role in the functionalities and performance of the forest.
Using Food to Tell the Climate Change Story
Authors: Crowell Rachel
Published: December 2020

Discussing the impact of climate change on food is an effective way to spark interest in the science of climate change and how to mitigate associated problems.
Can Volcano Forecasting Make Visiting Whakaari Safe Again?
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: December 2020

Last year’s explosive eruption at the New Zealand volcano tragically took tourists by surprise.
On The Nature of Turbulent Heating and Radial Transport in Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Neupane B. R. , Delamere Peter A. , Ma X. , Ng C.‐S. , Burkholder B. , Damiano Peter
Published: December 2020

Based on magnetic field fluctuations, Saturn's magnetosphere can be divided into quiet (little or not much fluctuation) and disturbed periods (large fluctuation of the magnetic field). Kaminker et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023834) showed that the average heating rate density of entire magnetosphere of Saturn is ∼10−17 W m−3 based on magnetic field fluctuations. Here, we categorize the magnetosphere of Saturn on the basis of magnetic field fluctuation. Using the eigenvalues of the variance analysis of the magnetic field, it has been found that the magnetodisc is in a disturbed state almost 6%–7% of the time. Dwell time normalization of the disturbed events suggests that most of the events happen at all latitudes between −5° and +30° and mostly on the dayside. Kinetic turbulent heating due to magnetic field fluctuation (δB) could potentially provide a significant amount of the required power.
Variability of Upstream Proton Cyclotron Wave Properties and Occurrence at Mars Observed by MAVEN
Authors: Romeo O. M. , Romanelli N. , Espley J. R. , Mazelle C. , DiBraccio G. A. , Gruesbeck J. R. , Halekas J. S.
Published: December 2020

The presence of plasma waves upstream from the Martian bow shock, with frequencies near the local proton cyclotron frequency in the spacecraft frame, constitutes, in principle, an indirect signature for the existence of planetary protons from the ionization of Martian exospheric hydrogen. In this study, we determine the "proton cyclotron wave” (PCW) occurrence rate between October 2014 and February 2020, based on Magnetometer and Solar Wind Ion Analyzer measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission. We characterize its dependence on several wave and solar wind (SW) properties, and solar longitude ranges. We confirm a previously reported long‐term trend with more PCWs near perihelion, likely associated with changes in exospheric hydrogen density. Furthermore, we report for the first time a decrease in median PCW amplitude for each consecutive Martian perihelion. Such variability cannot be attributed to differences in the distribution of SW conditions. This trend could be associated with changes in solar inputs, foreshock effects, and asymmetries due to the SW convective electric field influencing newborn protons. In addition, we observe PCWs more frequently for low to intermediate interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angles, slower SW speeds, and higher SW proton densities. The IMF cone angle preference likely results from the trade‐off between associated linear wave growth rates, wave saturation energies, and pick‐up proton densities. Moreover, the dependencies on SW speed and density indicate the importance of the characteristic SW transit timescale and the charge exchange process coupling SW protons with the hydrogen exosphere.
Climate Change Impacts on Sediment Yield and Debris‐Flow Activity in an Alpine Catchment
Authors: Hirschberg Jacob , Fatichi Simone , Bennett Georgina L. , McArdell Brian W. , Peleg Nadav , Lane Stuart N. , Schlunegger Fritz , Molnar Peter
Published: December 2020

Climate change impacts on sediment production and transfer processes on hillslopes and through channels are governed by possible changes in precipitation, runoff, and air temperature. These hydrological and geomorphological impacts are difficult to predict in temperature‐sensitive Alpine environments. In this study, we combined a stochastic weather generator model with the most current climate change projections to feed a hillslope‐channel sediment cascade model for a major debris‐flow system in the Swiss Alps (the Illgraben). This allowed us to quantify climate change impacts and their uncertainties on sediment yield and the number of debris flows at hourly temporal resolution. We show that projected changes in precipitation and air temperature lead to a reduction in both sediment yield (−48%) and debris‐flow occurrence (−23%). This change is caused by a decrease in sediment supply from hillslopes, which is driven by frost‐weathering. Additionally, we conduct model experiments that show the sensitivity of projected changes in sediment yield and debris‐flow hazard to basin elevation, with important implications for assessing natural hazards and risks in mountain environments. Future changes in hydrological and sediment fluxes are characterized by high uncertainty, mainly due to irreducible internal climate variability. Therefore, this stochastic uncertainty needs to be considered in climate change impact assessments for geomorphic systems.