bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can molecular model crop rice become a boon towards progress of groundnut functional genomics?
Authors: B SUKRUTHA  , SRIVIDHYA AKKAREDDY
Published: February 2024

Improvement through conventional breeding is a big problem in developing diverse lines of groundnut on tackling good seed quality. A total of 25 markers targeting 13 known rice genes were evaluated with 24 groundnut genotypes and two wild groundnut genotypes (Arachis glabrata, Arachis villosa) and a local popular rice variety NLR34449 (Nellore Mashuri) as molecular check. It was very interesting to note that amplification of 17 (11genes) out of 25 rice gene tagged markers (GTMs) in groundnut accounted for 68% transferability. The analysis of transferability of rice GTMs at individual peanut genotype level revealed a range of 79.17% to 91.67%. This confirmed the possibility of use of the rice markers/genes in groundnut.
Identification of major QTLs for seed size by combining QTL-mapping and RNAseq in an electron beam induced mutant of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: POONAM G BHAD  , SUVENDU MONDAL  , ANAND M BADIGANNAVAR
Published: February 2024

Combining QTL-mapping using SNP markers generated with genotyping by sequencing and RNA-seq identified a major QTL and candidate genes for enhanced seed size and leaf size in groundnut, respectively. Towards this, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for hundred kernel weight in F2 mapping population derived from electron beam induced large seed mutant, TG 89 and normal seed genotype, ICGV 15007. A major QTL for seed size was identified in Arahy.05 chromosome between flanking markers AhMITE470 and SNP05_103140987. This QTL interval harboured a groundnut ortholog of TIFY gene. Of the 29 TIFY family genes in groundnut, the gene arahy.5M7JWE is the identified within the QTL interval on chromosome A05 and was down regulated in the mutant, indicating its putative role for large seed phenotype in the mutant.
GWAS and transcriptome analysis reveal key loci associated with drought tolerance in soybean
Authors: MILIND B RATNAPARKHE  , GYANESH K SATPUTE  , RISHIRAJ RAGHUVANSHI  , SUBHASH CHANDRA  , RUCHA KAVISHWAR  , DIPENDRA SINGH  , S NISHTHA  , RUCHI SHROTI  , VIRAJ KAMLE  , GIRIRAJ KUMAWAT  , SANJAY GUPTA  , LAXMAN SINGH RAJPOOT  , V NATARAJ  , V RAJESH  , M SHIVAKUMAR  , MANOJ SRIVASTAVA  , ANJANA JAJOO  , AJAY SINGH  , A CHITIKININI  , RAJEEV VARSHNEY
Published: February 2024

Genome-wide association and gene expression studies were conducted to identify key genes and markers associated with drought tolerance. GWAS panel consisting around 300 diverse soybean accessions were phenotyped for morpho-physiological traits under control and drought stress condition for three years during 2019-2021. Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) of GWAS panel identified 66300 SNPs distributed over all the 20 chromosomes and were used for association analysis. GWAS analysis revealed closely located significant SNPs on chromosome 4 (50500762, 52098616 and 53008801) and chromosome 16 (32371663, 33082976 and 33283177). Key candidate genes related to MYB family, cell signaling gene (GPCR), salicylic acid synthesis, oxidative stress, auxin and ABA synthesis pathway were identified. Further few tolerant and susceptible haplotypes were also identified for real-time based expression analysis under drought stress condition.
Development of new high oleic Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) hybrids and its genotype × environment interaction across temperature regimes
Authors: M S UMAR FAROOQ  , M S UMA  , S D NEHRU
Published: February 2024

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the stability of 30 sunflower hybrids for oleic acid content along with four commercial checks across three temperature regimes of Karnataka, India over two seasons, rabi/summer 2020-21 and rabi 2021. The phenotypic stability of sunflower hybrids was analyzed by AMMI model. The AMMI biplots delineated one promising hybrid combination which exhibited stable expression of high oleicacid content, with pooled mean of all six environments revealing 73.06 per cent of oleic content. The identification of this particular hybrid combination served the purpose of this study of deriving the stable high oleic hybrid across temperature regimes.
Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of resistance to bacterial leaf pustule disease in soybean
Authors: S P TOTADE  , S K GUPTA  , J G MANJAYA
Published: February 2024

Bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) is a serious disease of soybean. A resistant source ‘TS 3’ was identified and the inheritance studies indicated that the duplicate recessive genes govern the resistance. The genetic linkage analysis mapped the resistance locus (rxp-2) on chromosome 2 flanked by the SSR markers Sat_183 and BARCSOYSSR_02_1613 at a distance of 0.9cM and 2.1cM respectively. Similarly, another resistance locus (rxp-6) was mapped between the SSR markers BARCSOYSSR_06_0024 and BARCSOYSSR_06_0013 at a distance of 1.5cM and 2.1cM respectively.
Increasing sunflower production in Uganda through seed importation and developing local sunflower hybrids
Authors: WALTER O ANYANGA  , ROLAND JAMES OCAN  , BRIAN OMARA  , GRACE AJIBU
Published: February 2024

There is great potential for growing sunflower in Uganda. For the last decade, the farmers of Uganda have picked interest in the growing of sunflower. This is because of availability of ready market from the oil millers. However, production is constrained by limited available high yielding sunflower hybrids. Much of the seed is imported from International Seed Companies. Single cross hybrids and three-way cross hybrids were evaluated to check which types gives better yield, oil content and other desirable traits. Preliminary results showed that a number of three-way cross hybrids yielded better than the imported hybrids. We are therefore contemplating towards emphasis on scaling out three-way cross compared to single cross hybrids which is generally grown worldwide.
Cold pressed cooking oils: An enigma of choice based on Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio
Authors: LAKSHMIPRASANNA KATA  , APARNA KUNA
Published: February 2024

A range of cold pressed edible oils which are commonly used in households of India were decoded with gas chromatography for their fatty acid composition and n-6/n-3 ratios. Among the nine cold pressed oils tested coconut oil contained highest amount of saturated fat. Safflower and Mustard had about similar amount of unsaturated fatty acids, however the content of monounsaturated fatty acids was high in case of mustard oil (59.16%) and poly unsaturated fatty acids were high in safflower oil (73.61 %). Every oil examined, with the exception of mustard oil, has much more omega 6 than omega 3 fatty acids. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was significantly higher in other oils and more favourable in case of mustard oil.
Genome wide association studies reveals genetic loci associated with water logging tolerance in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: SUBHASH CHANDRA  , M B RATNAPARKHE  , G K SATPUTE  , SANJAY GUPTA  , GIRIRAJ KUMAWAT  , K RUCHA  , DIPENDRA SINGH  , V. NATARAJ  , R RAGHUVANSHI  , A CHITIKININI  , RAJEEV VARSHNEY  , AJAY K SINGH  , V RAJESH  , M SHIVAKUMAR  , BHAGWAN BAMNIYA  , MANOJ K SRIVASTVA
Published: February 2024

In this investigation, a GWAS analysis was performed for four water logging tolerance traits in a panel of 265 soybean germplasm accessions with 66719 SNPs. A total of 29 SNPs and some candidate genes associated with different water logging tolerance traits were identified. This study also identified some soybean accessions, having superior water logging tolerance ability at vegetative and reproductive stages, which may be used as potential donors in soybean improvement programs.
Present status of major diseases of sunflower in Northern East Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: POORNIMA  , VIKAS V KULKARNI  , VIJAYAKUMAR GHANTE  , M R UMESH
Published: February 2024

A Fixed plot survey was conducted to assess the severity of Alternaria leaf blight, Sunflower necrosis disease, Powdery mildew and Sunflower leaf curl disease during Rabi 2020-21 and Kharif 2021 in Raichur, Koppal and Gulbarga districts of North Eastern Karnataka. The survey results revealed that disease severity was noticed in all locations surveyed. In surveyed area, the PDI of Alternariaster leaf spot was ranged from 42.2 % to 72.8 %. Sunflower necrosis disease incidence ranged from 3.5 to 21.9%.Whereas, during rabi 2020-21 powdery mildew PDI ranged between 30.0 to 75 per cent and leaf curl ranged between 0 to 18.7 per cent in three districts surveyed.
Selection of sunflower inbreds based on stability analysis using AMMI model
Authors: VINEETA KAILA
Published: February 2024

Stability analysis for seed yield and oil content using AMMI model was carried among 44 sunflower inbreds evaluated in four growing seasons from spring 2018 to 2021. Higher variation was observed among the inbreds for seed yield in comparison to oil content across the years. As per AMMI analysis the genotype x environment interaction was partitioned into three principal component axis among which IPCA1 explained 48.7 % and 59.1% variation for seed yield and oil content respectively. Inbreds LTRR 341, RHA 265, P 147R, RHA 83R6, OPH 73 and P 107R P1 were found stable for seed yield whereas, OPH 98, OPH 99, OPH 118, OPH 90, OPH 73 and LTRR 341 were found stable for oil content.
Contribution of oil palm towards self sufficiency in vegetable oil production in Telangana: An analysis
Authors: RAJASEKHAR MARRI  , BOGA NEERAJA PRABHAKAR  , ARAVA BHAGWAN  , G VIJAYA KRISHNA
Published: February 2024

Oil palm as a crop is new to several districts of Telangana but the state ranks 6th in area, 2ndin production of oil palm in the country, while it ranks 1st in Oil Extraction Rate (19.22%) which is a model for fixing FFB price. Twenty six districts were identified suitable for the crop. After the introduction of oil palm in the state barely 10 years ago, the area has reached to 37,485 ha by the end of Vanakalam (Kharif) 2022. More area is coming up in Yesangi (Rabi) 2022, thus the area under oil palm should hopefully cross 80,000 ha by the end of 2022-23 season raising Telangana State to 2nd position in India (Department of Horticulture, 2021).With respect to edible oils, groundnut, sesame, soybean, sunflower and safflower are the edible oilseed crops cultivated in Telangana (Department of Food and Public Distribution, GOI, 2021), The annual per capita consumption of edible oil in Telangana was 14.64 L in the year 2016 (Food Consumption Pattern in Telangana State– 2017), the annual requirement of edible oils is 0.51million MT (calculated based on a population of 35 million).
Influence of biostimulants on growth, yield and benefits of soybean in Northern transition zone of Karnataka
Authors: G AISHWARYA  , G SOMANAGOUDA  , R CHANNAKESHAVA  , J A HOSMATH  , HARSHIY BANU
Published: February 2024

Field experiment was executed on “Influence of biostimulants on growth, yield and economics of soybean in Northern transition zone of Karnataka. Eleven treatments consists of foliar application at various concentration of Biostimulants (CropMax and Biozyme) at flowering and pod formation stage. Significantly higher dry matter accumulation (80.68 g/plant), seed yield (2,693 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 1,03,702/ha) and BC ratio (3.4) were recorded with the foliar application of CropMax @ 700 ml/ha at flowering followed by Biozyme @ 625 ml/ha at pod formation stage.
A correlation and path analysis of seed yield and yield contributing characters in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: MUKTA MANE  , V N WANI  , L N TAGAD
Published: February 2024

Correlation and path analysis were carried out to determine the effect of various traits as components of seed yield in 34 safflower genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in RBD with three replications during Rabi 2021, at the central research farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant breeding at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences in Prayagraj. The analysis of variance exhibited significant difference for all the characters suggesting the presence of inherent genetic variations among the genotypes. Correlations among the traits revealed that the Harvest index and seed yield/plant had a positive and substantial correlation. Harvest index, seed index, number of seeds/capitulum, and number of capitula/plant were discovered by path analysis at the phenotypic level as essential direct components for seed yield/plant.
Genetic variability and heritability of seed yield and yield contributing characters in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: V N WANI  , L N TAGAD  , MUKTA MANE
Published: February 2024

In the present study, genotypic and phenotypic variability were worked out on 34 genotypes of safflower for yield and yield contributing characters at Department of Genetics and Plant breeding at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences in Prayagraj during rabi 2021. The experiment was conducted by using RBD design with three replications. The information was compiled using 12 characters to examine the genotypes of safflower with regard to genetic variability, heritability, the connection of yield contributing components with yield The highest percentage of PCV (64.93 ), GCV (65.26) and heritability (99% ) were found for number of Capitulum per plant. Low heritability estimates were found for the seed index and capitulum diameter whereas moderate genetic gain was seen for capitulum diameter, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, and plant height. When a trait is highly heritable and genetic progress as a percentage of the mean, it is likely that additive gene action, with equal contributions from non-additive and additive gene action, is responsible for the trait.
Novel approach to assess seed viability and vigour in Soybean genotypes through Q2 scanning technology
Authors: UDAYSREE SHEELA  , JHANSI RANI  , K P SUJATHA  , S NARENDER REDDY
Published: February 2024

The objective of the study was to establish relationship between seed germination and vigour parameters with an intension to predict the planting value of seed lots of soybean. The variation among genotypes was assessed for quality parameters. Different seed lots of variety JS 335 were analysed for seed quality in Q2 scanner. The vigour parameters estimated through Q2 scanning and conventional methods corresponded with each other. The correlation and regression analysis among germination and vigour parameters were worked out, which indicated significant values with respect to final count of germination and field emergence.
Efficacies of new age fungicides against charcoal rot of sesame
Authors: SHIVANI NAGPURE  , K N GUPTA  , AKSHAY SALBARDE
Published: February 2024

Six systemic fungicides were evaluated under in vitro condition by using poison food techniques at three different concentrations 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm against root and stem rot pathogen of sesame (Macrophomina phaseolina) Tassi Goid. all the treatments were found to be superior over control in which T1 (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%), gave 100% inhibition against test fungus (M. phaseolina) at all the concentrations (500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) followed by T6 (Carbendazim + Mencozeb), which gave 94.43% of average inhibition, followed by T5 (Captan + Hexaconazole), that gave 92.59% of average inhibition, followed by T4 (Cymoxanil + mencozeb) gave 83.15% average inhibition, followed by T5 (Pyraclostrobin + Metiram) with 57.28% of average inhibition. Least mycelial inhibition was given by T2 (Azoxystrobin) with only 41.66%.
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) reveals key loci associated with rhizoctonia aerial blight resistance in soybean
Authors: RISHIRAJ RAGHUVANSHI  , SHUBHAM BIRLA  , NAGARAM  , RUCHA KAVISHWAR  , S NISHTH  , RUCHI SHROTI  , LAXMAN SINGH RAJPOOT  , V NATARAJ  , SUBHASH CHANDRA  , GIRIRAJ KUMAWAT  , GYANESH K. SATPUTE  , SHIVAKUMAR  , M SHRIVASTAVA  , VIRAJ KAMLE  , SANJAY GUPTA  , AJAY SINGH  , A CHITIKININI  , RAJEEV VARSHNEY  , MILIND  , B RATNAPARKHE
Published: February 2024

Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight (RAB) is caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most worldwide devastating diseases in soybean. In present study, a GWAS was conducted for rhizoctonia aerial blight (RAB) resistance by using 269 diverse soybean genotypes for two consecutive year 2020 & 2021. GWAS analysis revealed two most significant SNPs, located very close each other on chromosome 12 (3193687 & 3193885) and 16 (6074131 & 6076330). Some candidate genes such as related to leucine-rich repeats containing (LRRNT; Glyma.16g064200), protein ubiquitination (F-box-like) and amino acid transmembrane transport (Trp_Tyr_perm; Glyma.16g062500 & Glyma.16g062600) were identified near the significant SNP positions. Our findings may be relevant for future studies and provide insights into the genetic basis for RAB resistance in soybean.
Identification of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) varieties suitable for different dates of sowing
Authors: T ONKARAPPA  , S GAYATHRI  , G P HARSHITHA  , N MANASA
Published: February 2024

Seven soybean genotypes were evaluated across three seasons to identify genotypes suitable for different seasons and dates of sowing. Percent variance contributed by genotypes main effects was more to total genotypic variability than that contributed by seasons, dates of sowing genotypes × seasons interactions and genotypes × dates of sowing interactions for 50% flowering, number of branches and 100 seed weight. Seasons and dates of sowing main effects contributed more to total genotypic variability than genotypes, GSI and GDOSI for plant height, number of pods and grain yield. DSb 21, DSb 23 and KBS 23 showed lowest estimates of AMMI Stability Value and Stability Index for grain yield are widely adopted genotypes.
Shelf-life and persistence of biopolymer-based Trichoderma formulations for biological control of oilseed seed and soil-borne diseases
Authors: K S V POORNA CHANDRIKA  , R D PRASAD  , PRADUMAN YADAV
Published: February 2024

In the present study, the biological control agent (BCA) Trichoderma harzianum strain Th4d was entrapped in biopolymeric compositions applied as film forming seed coat on oil seed crops viz., soybean, groundnut and safflower. Results revealed that high entrapment efficiency of 89- 92% with viability for 24 months without much reduction and persistence of Trichoderma in soil was studied which is having minimum spore count of 1X106 CFUs till 90 days of application in biopolymer-based Trichoderma seed coating treatment. Field evaluation of biopolymer-based Trichoderma seed coatings was done in soybean, ground nut and safflower exhibited higher productivity in biopolymer-based Trichoderma formulations over control.
Genetic variability and association studies in Sunflower Inbreds
Authors: S NEELIMA  , K VENKATARAMANAMMA  , K PRABHAKAR  , N C VENKATESWARLU
Published: February 2024

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and association studies were carried out in 87 sunflower inbreds shared by different AICRP centres for six yield and its contributing traits. Results of ANOVA showed highly significant mean sum of squares for all the traits indicating presence of sufficient variability in the experimental material. Wide range of variation was noticed in plant height followed by seed yield and days to 50 % flowering. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for head diameter, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was exhibited for seed yield indicated directional selection could be effective. Head diameter recorded strong correlation with seed yield followed by plant height and 100 seed weight and in turn these traits were also strongly intercorrelated.
Comparative virulence of microbial bioagents against castor spiny caterpillar, Ariadne merione (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: E BHARATHI  , P DURAIMURUGAN
Published: February 2024

The castor spiny caterpillar, Ariadne (Ergolis) merione is one of the major insect pests of castor. Microbial bioagents offer considerable promise for eco-friendly insect pest management. Hence, pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi were evaluated against larvae and pupae of A. merione under laboratory conditions. Among the microbial bioagents, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana recorded high pathogenicity against A. merione larvae followed by entomopathogenic bacteria, B. thuringiensis. The LC50 of B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis against A. merione larvae was 0.89 and 1.18 g/l, respectively. B. bassiana @ 2 g/l effected pupal mortality and pupal malformation, while M. rileyi did not cause any pupal mortality. Hence, B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis can be used in IPM programme as a potential microbial bioagents against castor spiny caterpillar in castor.
Metarhizium rileyi: A potent bio control agent against noctuids infesting groundnut is a boon to the farmers of northern transitional zone of Karnataka
Authors: ROHINI SUGANDI  , BASAVARAJ YENAGI  , P NAGARAJU  , KOLLI BHARGHAVI
Published: February 2024

Field monitoring was done regularly during kharif (2019-2022) & rabi/summer (2019-2021) at MARS, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka to know the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium rileyi in combating the later instars of Spodoptera litura, Thysanoplusia sp. and Helicoverpa armigera at vegetative (2.2%), pod formation (36%) and maturity stage (48%) resp. In the consecutive four years, natural pathogenecity rates were very high during Kharif (August and September) which coincided with high rainfall. Local field strain is extremely virulent in supressing the mixed population of different lepidopterans. So it’s an excellent, worthy environmentally safe biocide.
Bio-rational management of groundnut defoliators (Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera) in kharif season
Authors: DAHIPHALE K D  , S V WAGMARE  , A K GHOTMUKALE  , D P DESHPANDE
Published: February 2024

Field trial was laid at ORS, Latur (MS, India) to evaluate insecticides for the management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) infesting groundnut. Insecticides/bioinsecticides evaluated were Bt-127 SC @3ml/lit, Delfin (Bt commercial formulation) @1g/lit, Quinalphos 25 EC @ 2ml/lit and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml/lit. The results revealed that insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over untreated control in reducing the infestation groundnut defoliators. However, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was significantly most effective as well as safer to natural enemies. Significantly higher pod yield (1672 kg/ha) of groundnut was recorded in treatment Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml/lit, and it was at par with treatment Bt127 SC @3ml/lit (1559 kg/ha).
Efficacy of Cyclaniliprole 100 DC for the management of major defoliators in Soybean
Authors: R CHANNAKESHAVA  , G SOMANAGOUDA  , SHALINI N HUILGOL  , G K NAIDU  , HARSHIYA BANU
Published: February 2024

The efficacy of newer insecticide molecule Cyclaniliprole 100 DC was evaluated against major insect pests of soybean during kharif 2020 and 2021. Among the different treatments, Cyclaniliprole 100 DC @ 40 g a.i/ha (400 ml/ha) was found to be effective and economical dose for the management of semilooper, spodoptera and girdle beetle pests in Soybean. It has recorded higher seed yield and found equally good with recommended insecticidal check. No phytotoxicity was observed on all the dosages of Cyclaniliprole 100 DC evaluated.
Field evaluation of Bt 127SC formulation for efficacy against Lepidopteran larvae infesting soybean under Manipur conditions
Authors: NILIMA KARAM  , H NANITA DEVI  , T SUNANDA DEVI  , L SOPHIA DEVI
Published: February 2024

Bt 127 SC formulation supplied by the Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad was field tested at Imphal (Manipur) during kharif 2018 - 2020 against lepidopteran larvae infesting soybean.Two spray applications of Bt 127 SC formulation @ 3 ml/litre of water was observed to be less superior to commercial synthetic insecticides but at par with Bt commercial delfin in reducing bihar hairy caterpillar (BHC) and bean leaf webber and comparatively similar in efficacy with the synthetic insecticides in reducing tobacco caterpillar.
Performance evaluation of sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus thiooxidans) on productivity and quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: M SENTHIVELU  , M ANANDHAM  , S HARISH  , R SASIKALA
Published: February 2024

Field experiments were conducted with an objective of assessing the performance of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) on productivity and quality of sunflower during Kharif and rabi seasons 2021. The results revealed that, application of RDF (60:90:60 kg NPK/ha) + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha with SOB as seed treatment @ 1 kg/ha + soil application @ 1 kg/ha recorded significantly higher value of head diameter (18.6cm), grain/capitulum (1015 Nos.), seed yield (2440 kg/ha), oils content (42.5%), gross return (˂109800/ha), net return (˂54400/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.98) compared to application of RDF alone and control. However, it was on par with application of RDF + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha combined with SOB as soil application @ 2 kg/ha. From the experimental results, it was concluded that application of RDF (60:90:60 kg NPK/ha) + sulphur @ 20 kg/ha with SOB as seed treatment @ 1kg/ha and soil application @ 1 kg/ha is an economically viable options to enhance productivity and oil content of the sunflower.
Study of genetic divergence in linseed genotypes
Authors: NALINI TEWARI  , KORRA SHANKAR  , MAHAK SINGH  , D K SINGH
Published: February 2024

In the present study, 75 diverse genotypes of linseed were grouped in 16 clusters by Tocher’s method where cluster II was largest with 38 genotypes followed by cluster IV with 17 genotypes, cluster XI with 5 genotypes. The maximum intra-cluster distance was obtained for cluster IV (14.34) followed by cluster II (13.20). The highest inter-cluster D value was observed between cluster I and XI (40.62) followed by cluster V and XI (38.13). Cluster X showed highest value for number of primary branches and number of secondary branches per plant. Among the ten traits, number of capsules/plant contributed maximum towards genetic divergence. The grouping of genotypes in different clusters was not related to their geographic origin and genotypes from different geographic locations were grouped into one cluster while genotypes of the same geographic origin showed geneticdiversity.
Validation of DOR Bt 127 SC against capitulum borer, Helicoverpa armigera and coccinellid predators in Sunflower
Authors: K M SRINIVAS REDDY  , C P MANJULA  , K S SOMASHEKHAR  , S D NEHRU  , M S UMA
Published: February 2024

DOR Bt 127 SC was evaluated against capitulum borer Helicoverpa armigera and coccinellid beetles in sunflower crop during Kharif 2020 at farmers field, Myakalurahalli, Hiriyur Tq, Chitradurga dt., Karnataka. DOR Bt 127 SC was compared with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and farmer’s practice. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 Sc treated plot registered significantly lowest population (0.23) of H. armigera and was on par with Bt 127 Sc (0.40) during 10 days after spray. Farmers’ practice registered significantly highest population (1.33) of H. armigera.
Effect of micronutrients and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: K YASWANTH ACHARI  , A K GHOTMUKALE  , K D DAHIPALE
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was carried out during rainy season-2021 at Experimental farm, Oilseeds Research Station, Latur, to evaluate the effect of zinc and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality parameters of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety LGN-1. Application of RDF (25:50:00 NPK kg/ha) + ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha + Rhizobium @ 250ml/10 kg of seed + PSB @ 250ml/10 kg of seed (T7) produced higher growth, yield and quality traits along with good net returns and B:C ratio.
Boosting linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) production through application of micronutrients in North Western Himalaya
Authors: GURUDEV SINGH  , PANKAJ CHOPRA  , SANDEEP MANUJA  , R P SHARMA
Published: February 2024

In acidic soils, for getting significantly higher yield of linseed with highest monitory returns, soil application of Zn SO4 @ 25 kg / ha+ foliar application of Zn SO4 @ 0.5 % at 45 DAS should be done. However, the other best options in this regard were soil application of zinc @ 25 kg Zn SO4/ ha + Borax @ 1.5 kg/ha and soil application of Zn SO4 @ 25 kg / ha followed by foliar application of Zn SO4 @ 0.5 % + Borax @ 0.3 % at 45 DAS.
Impact of Frontline Demonstrations on yield of soybean under rainfed condition in Marathwada region of Maharashtra
Authors: S P MEHTRE  , R S JADHAV  , V R GHUGE  , M J PATANGE
Published: February 2024

The frontline demonstrations of soybean were conducted by AICRP on soybean, VNMKV, Parbhani during the kharif season 2019-20 under the guidance of IISR, Indore by adopting new cultivars of Soybean viz., MAUS 162, MAUS 158 and MAUS 612 along with applying improved package of practice verses farmers practice in soybean cultivation. The productivity and economic returns of soybean in improved technologies (IT) were calculated and compared with the farmer’s practices (FP). Findings of this experiment indicated that different cultivars of soybean recorded higher gross returns, net return and benefit cost ratio in improved technologies as compared to the plots where farmers using traditional practices in their cultivation. The average soybean yield in FLD plot was 24.30 per cent (Range: 23.52 to 25.22 %) higher than the framers practice field. It is suggested thatlocation-specific improved production technology with improved variety would be needed to bridge the productivity gap of soybean in Marathwada region of Maharashtra.
Genome-wide association study of tocopherols (vitamin E) in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: HARJEEVAN KAUR  , SANJULA SHARMA  , JAVED AKHATAR  , JOMIKA DEVI  , CHHAYA ATRI  , S S BANGA
Published: February 2024

A diverse set of 289 mustard accessions was used to establish variation for α-, γ- and total tocopherols in mustard germplasm. A large variation in our diversity panel for tocopherol isomers and total tocopherols. γtocopherols were observed to be more abundant than α-tocopherols in the mustard seeds. This tocopherol variation was used to identify the genetic loci related to tocopherols using GWAS. Various strong candidate genes such as VTE2-2, SAHH2, PP5.2, PES1, ANT1 etc. involved directly or indirectly in the tocopherol biosynthesis pathway were identified through this method.
Development of High Oil Yielding Niger Variety for Gujarat State
Authors: P K JAGTAP  , P M MISTRY  , S P DESHMUKH
Published: February 2024

Deveolpment of high oil yielding Niger variety GNNIG-4 was done by mass selection from mutated population of RCR-317 (15kr) after subjecting the population to various evaluation trials. The present high yielding Niger cultivar is suitable for kharif /late kharif season in Gujarat as sole or intercrop. It has greenish purple stem colour with more oil content (37.77%) and oil yield (205 kg/ha). It has medium maturity (127 days) with bold seed size (4.08 gm/1000 seed). The variety is resistant to Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot and also resistant to leaf eating catrepillar and semilooper under field condition. In various multilocation and coordinated trials, the genotype NMBP-1907 consistently recorded best performance over the checks. Under rainfed conditions the genotype gave 543 kg/ha seed yield which was 43.65, 34.07 and 41.40 per cent higher than the check varieties GN-2, GNNIG-3 and IGPN-2004-1. With high yield potential, medium maturity, resistance to diseases and pest, high oil, the Niger variety NMBP-1907 was identified for release and notified in 2021 under the name “GNNIG-4” for Kharif rainfed conditionof Gujarat State.
Secondary metabolite analysis in the broad host range plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: NAVIN C GUPTA  , SHAWETA ARORA  , MAHESH RAO  , PANKAJ SHARMA
Published: February 2024

Secondarymetabolites are known to play a vital role in host-pathogen interaction wherein little is knownabout the secondary metabolites secreted by S. sclerotiorum in axenic culture. In this study, we predicted the genomic repertoire of the metabolites in an Indian isolate ‘ESR-01’ of the S. sclerotiorum and analysed the secondary metabolites secreted by pathogenically diverse Indian isolates of the S. sclerotiorum in axenic culture through untargeted high-resolution UPLC-QTOF-ESI/MS. We also investigated the phylogenetic correlation among these isolates based on metabolic profiling with the pathogenicity and ITS-based diversity analysis of the pathogen published earlier.
Evaluation of elite soybean genotypes for yield and rust resistance in Southern Zone of India
Authors: G K NAIDU  , SHALINI N HUILGOL  , G SOMANAGOUDA  , R CHANNAKESHAVA  , HARSHIYA BANU  , G T BASAVARAJA  , SANJAY GUPTA
Published: February 2024

The genotype x environment interaction (GEI) is an important aspect of plant breeding program as it decides the general and specific adaptation of a variety to the varied environments. Higher magnitude of GEI were noted in soybean with significant influence on yield. In the present study fourteen genotypes were evaluated at six locations in Southern Zone of India (Adilabad, Bangalore, Bidar, Dharwad, Kasbe Digraj and Pune) during Kharif 2017, 2018 and 2019. Across locations, DSb 34 recorded 21 % and 18 % increased yield over zonal check (DSb 21) and rust susceptible check (JS 335), respectively. DSb 34 also exhibited highly resistant reaction to rust disease at hotspot location and can be used as donor in soybean disease resistance improvement.
Advances in rapeseed mustard disease management
Authors: PANKAJ SHARMA  , N C GUPTA  , P D MEENA  , V V SINGH  , H K SHARMA  , P K RAI
Published: February 2024

India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world and oilseed sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy of the country. Oilseeds are among the major crops that are grown in the country apart from cereals. Among the nine annual oilseeds cultivated in India, the share of Rapeseed-mustard is about 25% of total area and 27% of total production. With the share of 39% in total vegetable oil production which stands at first position. During last 5 years, compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of Rapeseed-mustard production and productivity at National level increased by 10.42 and 8.46%, respectively. Among different biotic stresses, insectpests, diseases (Sclerotinia stem rot, white rust, downy mildew, Alternaria blight, powdery mildew) and weeds, cause yield loss upto 30-40% in different regions of the country. Plant diseases are considered as risks because they constantly contribute to significant yield, economic, and environment losses worldwide. Therefore, the early andaccurate detection, monitoring, and assessment of plant diseases is important and necessary for farmers, managers, and decision makers.
Inheritance of aluminium tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: VIVEK K SINGH  , SUBHASH CHANDER  , ANU  , R K SHEORAN
Published: February 2024

In acidic soil, aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the foremost restraining factors which inhibit crop performance. Breeding for Al tolerance seems to be a vital approach for enhancing productivity of field crops including sunflower in acidic soil regions. In order to understand the inheritance pattern, tolerant genotypes NDLR-06 and EC601861 were crossed with susceptible genotypes MR-06 and RHA-298. P1, P2, F1, F2 and backcross populations were raised in nutrient solution and classified as tolerant/susceptible by observing root re-growth after staining with eriochrome cyanine R. Dominance nature of Al tolerance over susceptible was confirmed by the responses of F1’s which were similar to the tolerant parents. The segregation ratio for Al tolerance vs. susceptible in the F2 and backcross generations were 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. These outcomes indicated that inheritance of Al tolerance is governed by single dominant gene which can be transferred easily to desirable genotypes via backcross breedingmethod. This is the first report on inheritance of Al tolerance in sunflower.
Exploitation of the phenotypic diversity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for deficit soil moisture stress tolerance
Authors: MANIKANTA CH LN  , P RATNAKUMAR  , BRIJ B PANDEY  , ARTI GUHEY  , LAKSHMI PRAYAGA  , PADMAVATHI P  , MAA QURESHI  , N MUKTA  , P KADIRVEL
Published: February 2024

Safflower is an annual oilseed crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions under residual soil moisture. Under the present climatic scenarios, scarcity of water is frequent which is limiting crop yields. A series of field experiments were carried out during post rainy season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to evaluate the genotype responses to terminal deficit soil moisture stress (DS). The phenotypic data generated in both the seasons revealed that, the huge genotypic difference among the genotypes were conferring tolerance to DS. The PCA analysis revealed that certain morpho-physiological traits viz., plant height, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, relative water content, and days to 50% flowering accounted for maximum variation under deficit and residual soil moisture conditions.
Exploitation of biotic inducers for the management of important foliar diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: L RAJENDRAN  , T SELVAKUMAR  , S HARISH  , R SASIKALA  , T KALAIMAGAL  , PL VISWANATHAN
Published: February 2024

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a unique crop grown for human consumption as edible oil and also for ornamental use. It has become a popular cut flower, easy to grow under varied climatic conditions requires 672.4 mm water requirement during growing season. Sunflower crop is native to North America and as of now we have the varieties, hybrids developed from the huge germplasm collections maintained at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research and also at co-ordinating centres under AICRP on sunflower situated at different agro-climatic regions of India. During the crop growing period, many fungal and viral diseases start affecting the crop from early stage up to flowering and milky stage leads to drastic losses in seed yield. In particular, necrosis, leaf spot and powdery mildew diseases are causing drastic yield losses in the cultivation. In this study, we have attempted the biotic inducers as seed treatment and foliar spray against this disease as an alternative to fungicide.
Screening of castor (Ricinus communis L.) germplasm accessions against leafhopper (Empoasca flavescens)
Authors: G MADHURI  , K SADAIAH  , V DIVYA RANI  , G NEELIMA  , N NALINI  , M SUJATHA  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , J JAWAHAR LAL
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted at RARS, Palem during kharif, 2019 to screen the castor germplasm accessions (100 no.) against leafhopper along with susceptible (DPC-9) and resistant checks (M-574). Out of which, 20 entries did not exhibit hopper burn (hopper burn grade 0 on 0-4 scale) and found highly resistant to leafhopper. Leafhopper population among the accessions ranged from 8.8 to 27.2 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant, whereas the susceptible check, DPC-9 recorded 67.8 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant with hopper burn grade of 4 on 0-4 scale. Fourteen entries recorded low leafhopper population (17.6 to 38.8 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) with hopper burn grade 1 (upto 10% hopper burn). Leafhopper population was highest in RG-111 (70.6 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant) with hopper burn grade of 4 (76 to 100% hopper burn). The germplasm accessions that were found resistant to leafhopper can be utilized in breeding programmes to develop resistant cultivars.
Biopolymers as a new paradigm in the plant disease management
Authors: B M SANGEETHA  , K S V P CHANDRIKA  , R D PRASAD  , N B BHAT
Published: February 2024

Changing climate makes great impact on the pest incidence which directly affects the global food production. There is a need for promising alternative for chemical pesticides. Biopolymer, chitosan is well known for its antimicrobial property and eco-friendly nature. We have synthesized speciality polymers using chitosan for seed treatment and foliar spray. Synthesized biopolymers showed antifungal activity against the phytopathogens (Aspergillus niger and Amphobotrys ricini) and 100per cent compatibility with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum Th4d. Results indicated the applicability of these particles as an alternative for the disease management.
Production efficiency of linseed varieties under organic management condition in mild hills of Sikkim Himalayas
Authors: AMIT KUMAR  , R SINGH  , SUBHASH BABU  , R K AVASTHE  , R G LAHA  , V K MISHRA  , E L DEVI  , A AZIZ QURESHI  , A L RATHNAKUMAR  , DIVYA AMBATI  , M SUJATHA  , S K PRASAD
Published: February 2024

Six linseed varieties viz., RLC 153, Sekhar, LSC-93, Priyam, JSL-95 and T-395 were evaluated at Research Farm of ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim during Rabi season of 2021-22 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications under organic management condition. The results indicated that significantly maximum number of bolls/plant and number of seeds/boll was observed in Priyam followed by LSC-93. Maximum 1000 seed weight was noticed under LSC-93 which was statistically a par with JSL-95 and significantly higher than other varieties. Significantly highest seed yield was recorded in Priyam followed by LSC-93, RLC-153 and may be recommended for cultivation by farmers of SikkimHimalayas and similar agro-ecoregions under organic production system.
Genetic diversity studies in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm
Authors: S S NICHAL  , P V PATIL  , M S DANDGE  , G D CHANDANKAR
Published: February 2024

Hundred soybean genotypes along with five checks were evaluated to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics. The data was recorded on nine important quantitative traits from the genotypes grown in Augmented Block Design. The characters plant height, number of pods/plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and 100 seed weight contributed maximum towards genetic diversity. The genotypes grouped into 6 clusters, cluster I was larger containing 60 genotypes whereas cluster V has smallest cluster containing only one genotype. On the basis of clusters formed genotypes were selected to be utilized as donor like NRC 105, JS 20-34 and JS 95-60 for earliness; Kalitur and AGS 25 for more number of pods and branches; Karune for bold seed and AMS 100-39 and AMS 48-7-3 for high seed yield. On the basis of average inter cluster distance the cross AMS 48-7-3 x Kalitur and AMS 100-39 x AMS 48-7-3 were suggested for getting more number of pods and branches with high yield. The cross combination Karune x Kalitur, AMS 48-7-3 x Karune and AMS 100-39 x Karune were suggested for getting extra bold seeded high yielding variety.
Influence of harvesting stages on seed quality characteristics and seed yield in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill)
Authors: P V PATIL  , S S NICHAL  , M S DANDGE  , V V TAPRE
Published: February 2024

The experiment was conducted with an objective of knowing the proper stage of harvesting in soybean. The treatments consisting five genotypes with three harvesting stages viz., physiological maturity (H1), five days after physiological maturity (H2), and field maturity (H3). The seed moisture content, hundred seed weight, seed size, germination, root length, shoot length, vigour index, seedling weight, seedling dry weight and seed yield were maximum at physiological maturity stage. Among the genotypes, AMS 100-39 was found to be best genotype for seed/crop production. All seed and seedling vigour components attained maximum values at physiological maturity stage and decreased at subsequent stages of harvesting after physiological maturity. Hence, it is advisable to harvest the soybean crop at physiological maturity stage.
Evaluation of fungicides against stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc under in vitro condition
Authors: S VIJAYKUMAR  , R D PRASAD  , B RAJESWARI  , K S V P CHANDRIKA
Published: February 2024

The efficacy of five test fungicides viz., carboxin 37.5 % + thiram 37.5 %, tebuconazole 25 % EC, mancozeb 75 %WP, penflufen 13.28 % w/w + trifloxystrobin 13.28 % w/w FS and chlorothalonil 75 % WP were tested under in vitro by poisoned food technique against S. rolfsii in groundnut. Among five fungicides, penflufen + trifloxystrobin fungicide were found highly effective at all the concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm) tested and inhibited 100.0 % mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in groundnut as compared to control.
Evaluation of compatibility and bio-efficacy of insecticide and fungicidecombinations on thrips and fusarial wilt of castor
Authors: M SENTHIL KUMAR  , P DURAIMURUGAN  , S JAYA PRABHAVATHI  , V A SATHIYAMURTHY
Published: February 2024

Field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 -19 at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Yethapur to evaluate the compatibility and efficacy of six insecticides and three fungicides at recommended concentration against thrips and fusarial wilt of castor. The pooled mean population of thrips was lowest in the treatment Buprofezin 25 SC + Propiconazole 25 EC which recorded 3.25thrips/spike. The highestper cent wilt reduction percent of 91 % was recorded in Acetamiprid 20 SP+ Carbendazim 50 WP followed by Novaluron 10EC + Carbendazim 50 WP which recorded 89.5 % over control.
GG-35: A high yielding Spanish bunch groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.variety for Gujarat State
Authors: N D DHOLARIYA  , G K SAPARA  , C J RAJANI  , R B MADARIYA
Published: February 2024

A Spanish bunch groundnut genotype GG 35 was developed on the basis of mean pod yield from the state level trials. It has recorded the highest pod yield of 3177 kg/ha as compared to the checks viz., GG 7 (2452 kg/ha), GJG 9 (2471 kg/ha) and TG 37A (2758 kg/ha). GG 35 had recorded average 100 kernel weight of 42.79 g, average 100 pod weight of 101.93 g and average shelling out-turn of 71.36%. The reaction against tikka, rust, stem rot and collar rot, the variety was comparable to the check varieties under field conditions whereas, the damages due to thrips was not observed in the released variety as well as check varieties. Based on the superior performance, GG 35 has been released for general cultivation in the kharif bunch groundnut growing areas of Gujarat state.
Effects of substituting soybean meal with safflower meal on the performance andmeat yields in broiler chicken
Authors: PRADUMAN YADAV  , PPK SANTOSH  , KSVP CHANDRIKA  , MVLN RAJU  , B PRAKASH  , J SHRAVANTHI  , SV RAMA RAO
Published: February 2024

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of utilization safflower protein concentrate (SPC) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on performance and meat yield sin broiler chicken. The results of the present study suggest that SPC can be included in broiler diet up to 50 % of SBM protein without affecting the growth and meat yields.
Screening of advanced breeding lines of castor against sucking pests
Authors: P DURAIMURUGAN  , C LAVANYA  , M BHASKAR REDDY  , P DEMUDUNAIDU
Published: February 2024

Sucking pests viz., leafhopper and thripsare the major yield limiting biotic factors in castor. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective, eco-friendly and economical approach to manage these insect pests. Thirty three advanced breeding lines of castor were screened against the sucking pests along with susceptible and resistant checks during late kharif 2021.Among the 33 advanced lines screened, nine lines viz., MHC-9, JHB-1080, JHB-1098, SHB1075, JHB-1099, SLCH-286, MHC-46, MHC-26 and ICH-277 exhibited highly resistant reaction to leafhopper (hopper burn grade 0 on 0-4 scale). Eight lines viz., MHC-9, JHB-1080, ICH-901, JHB-1099, MHC-46, MHC-26, SHB-1073 and ICH-277 were found promising against thrips.