bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students Guided Learning for Medical Students - Novel Teaching for the 21st Century
Authors: Naamati-Schneider Lior , Meirovich Adaya
Published: July 2021

The changing demands of the Western organizational and academic world are having a great impact on the medical profession. Adapting medical students’ learning to as-yet-unknown future needs requires changes in learning objectives, methods, and assessment and the development of new skills. Students frequently express initial opposition to paradigms that require them to take responsibility for their learning process and invest greater effort. They may be uncooperative, and this may impede their training and the adoption of such changes in other courses. This qualitative study examines changes in attitudes toward student-centered learning among 120 medical students who experienced student-guided learning (SGL), a novel method emphasizing the student’s primary role and self-expression, in a 3-unit course titled Patient–Therapist Relationship. The data were gathered from reflective journals the students kept during the course. The application of SGL methods resulted in changes in students’ attitudes toward adopting new teaching methodologies. Their initial opposition was expressed in low motivation, lack of cooperation, negative attitudes toward assignments, and lack of motivation toward adopting changes. At the end of the course there was an improvement in students’ openness to change, and they showed a greater desire and higher motivation to adopt new paradigms and innovative methodologies.
Why are You Proud of That?
Authors: Fischer Jeremy ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: July 2021

Cognitivism about the emotions is the view that emotions involve judgments (or quasi-judgmental cognitive states) that we could, in principle, articulate without reference to the emotions themselves. D’Arms and Jacobson (2003) argue that no such articulation is available in the case of “possessive” emotions, such as pride and guilt, and, so, cognitivism (in regard to such emotions, at least) is false. This article proposes and defends a cognitivist account of our partiality to the objects of our pride. I argue that taking pride in something requires judging that your relation to that thing indicates that your life accords with some of your personal ideals. This cognitivist account eschews glossing pride in terms of one’s “possession” of what one is proud of and, so, escapes D’Arms and Jacobson’s critique. I motivate this account by critically assessing the most sophisticated possession-based account of pride in the literature, found in Gabriele Taylor (1985).
Factors and mechanisms of acaricide resistance in European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch)
Authors: Petrović Aleksandra , Ivanović Ivana , Manojlović Ana , Banjac Borislav , Malenčić Đorđe , Marinković Dušan , Bursić Vojislava
Published: July 2021

Inadequate choice and application of control measures for agricultural pests, ectoparasites of livestock and domestic animals, vectors and reservoirs of various diseases of human medicine and veterinary importance in urban areas has caused the resistance occurrence and cross-resistance in a large number of arthropods. Their control is becoming increasingly difficult and challenging. For example, the use of acaricides is indispensable in the control of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi, Acari: Tetranychide), but also for other species from this family that are all significant pests in agricultural production, horticulture and forestry. The resistance occurrence and maintenance and cross-resistance in arthropods is a global phenomenon. The aim of this paper was to present the resistance factors and mechanisms in Panonychus ulmi control and to list the active substances for which there was an evidence that resistance has been acquired, all with the goal of pointing out the problem of resistance in this species and highlight the ways to prevent it. The occurrence and evolution of resistant arthropod populations could have multiple consequences that can be observed from an agricultural, economic, health, and environmental perspective.
Jacques Derrida and the politics of architecture
Authors: Vitale Francesco
Published: July 2021

In his writings on architecture Derrida defines it as "the last fortress of metaphysics" and supports the necessity of a deconstruction of architecture involving its theory as well as its practice. The essay intends to unfold the meaning of these propositions referring them to Derrida's determination of the Western concept and tradition of the political as "onto-topopolitics" (Spectres de Marx, 1993). In the Western culture the political has always been bound to the issue of the gathering within space, of the closing of frontiers as the condition of its living unity. The place and territory are not simple material elements that add to the political, but they are essential to the constitution of the dream of the living unity of the political, the metaphysical illusion of a full and pure auto-sufficiency keeping alterity and alteration out of what we take as our own individual, social, cultural and political identity. According to Derrida, the deconstruction of architecture has to demystify such illusion and to open the space of a different practice of architecture. A space where the possibility of the relationship to the other discloses itself as the irreducible condition of each form of identity
The city as social sculpture
Authors: Erzen Jale
Published: July 2021

The arguments in this paper try to show that the city is basically a social space and that before its fixed physical matter in the form of architecture and urban structures, it is the people that construct the essential character and presence of a city. The idea of social sculpture is taken as a vivid metaphor that refers back to the work and ideas of Joseph Beuys. Beuys claimed that events and actions of the people in a city were social sculptures and he illustrated this in his famous street-sweeping performance with his students. The city belongs to the people and cities are responsibilities of their inhabitants. In arguing for this, the paper refers also to the GEZİ events in Istanbul. These arguments lead to the conclusion that more vital and meaningful art of the future will have to relate to the urban context more than anything else.
Representations of the fragmentary in modern architecture
Authors: Daraban Adria
Published: July 2021

The notion of the fragmentary in philosophical and artistic discourses marks the beginning of modern aesthetics and their detachment from the concept of the whole. This paper illustrates possible resonance fields of the concept of the fragmentary in architecture raising questions such as: Can architecture be a form of expression of the modern condition fragmentaire? Does the notion of fragment develop in architecture in a similar way it did in visual arts, philosophy and literature, or is it being reduced in architecture to a mere form of representation of the fracture? Can the fragmentary be defined as a time based notion and thus emancipate from the usual interpretation of the term as the image of the broken?
Collateral beauty: Nietzsche's thoughts on architecture
Authors: Vranjaković Mirza
Published: July 2021

With his interpretation of the Apollonian and Dionysian psychological states, Nietzsche was trying to correlate prominent dichotomies of his era - reason and instinct, science and metaphysic, experience and thinking, knowledge and inspiration, representation and unity, order and chaos. He was acting as a critic of the whole Western cultural output through these dualisms. This essay analyses a handful of Nietzsche's aphorisms that are directly or indirectly related to the art of a building. In them, Nietzsche was conjuring an idea of the new architecture that would oppose the ideal of the building in the 19thcentury: the architecture does not idealise, it is not a mere appearance, it is built in the spirit of its time, it makes us want to move into it and ultimately it is the architecture where beauty is not an end but a means to an end.
Country competitiveness in the era of globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Jovović Dušanka
Published: July 2021

An extremely complex nature of competition processes often makes the identification of the category of country competitiveness inaccurate and complicated to understand. This is particularly manifested in the era of globalization and the affirmation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution as two phenomena that shape contemporary developments in the world to a large extent. Globalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution have ensured economic prosperity to some countries, but at the same time, they have also caused increasingly prominent developmental inequalities at worldwide level. The same conclusion refers to the matter of the competitiveness level achieved by the countries. This is convincingly proved by the 2019 World Economic Forum data about country competitiveness, based on which the greatest number of the countries in the world are still far from the targeted "limit" of competitiveness.
Evolution in Design Methodology for Complex Electric Ships
Authors: Bucci Vittorio , Sulligoi Giorgio , Chalfant Julie , Chryssostomidis Chryssostomos
Published: July 2021

Modern ships are highly complex technological systems and have a long and resource-intensive development cycle. Moreover, the final design must comply with many specific technical and regulatory requirements while constraining the capital and operational expenditures. Decisions made during the early stages of design have a large impact on ship functionality and determine the overall configuration of the ship; the advanced computational resources available today can be used to change the traditional approach to ship design, significantly improving the data available for these early-stage decisions. Moreover, the new methodologies can improve the ability to assess the impact of innovative technologies such as those inherent in the complete electrification of ships, and can simultaneously allow visualization of a three-dimensional (3D) virtual prototype of the designs. In this article, a methodological approach is presented that exemplifies these advantages.
Fatigue Assessment of Ship Structures using Hot Spot Stress and Structural Stress Approaches with Experimental Validation
Authors: Kim Myung Hyunn , Kim Seong Minn , Lee Jae Myung , Kang Sung Wong
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate fatigue assessment of typical ship structures employing structural stress approach and to compare with hot spot stress approach. As an initial study of the systematic validation efforts on structural stress method, an experimental investigation is performed on a series of edge details with welded gusset plates. Extrapolation based hot spot stress using converged mesh were also calculated for each specimen types. Having validated the application of structural stress for small edge details, a systematic investigation is carried out for a fatigue assessment of typical ship structures employing structural stress approach. Fatigue strength of side shell connection of a 8,100 TEU container vessel is evaluated using hot spot stress and structural stress employing simplified fatigue analysis.
Not only scholarships
Authors: Kilias Jarosław
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the Ford Foundation’s support for sociology in Poland, especially with its influence on the development of the social research in this country. It is based on materials from both American and local archives—sources which have never before been combined. The role of the Ford scholarships for Polish scholars is relatively well known, but this paper covers two less known aspects of the Foundation’s activity—funding American sociologists’ visits to Poland and the material support for local libraries and statistical laboratories. The American visitors were neither numerous, nor was their role particularly significant, except one: Herbert Menzel, who spent almost a year in Poland, helping to spread the know-how of quantitative social research. The Ford Foundation also supported libraries and helped to equip the statistical research lab of the Institute of Sociology of the Polish Academy of Science, tripling the technical base of quantitative social re­search in this country. Although Polish empirical sociology was successful and Poland became the center of empirical research in Eastern Europe for a while, Poles were hardly able to spread it all over the region on their own, as they were dependent on Western support.
Interrelation of defense mechanisms and motivational orientations of corporate leaders at different stages of business development
Authors: Timoshkina Alina Alekseevna , Shchepkina Elena Valentinovna
Published: July 2021

This article is dedicated to examination of the degree of defense mechanisms and their interrelation with the motivational orientation of corporate leaders at different stages of business development. The subject of this research is the motivational orientations and defense mechanisms of corporate leaders at different stages of business development. The aim goal consists in studying the interdependence of defense mechanisms and motivational orientations of the leaders of companies founded less than 3 years ago (crisis state) and over 10 years (sustainable development). The article employs cross-sectional method based on the questionnaire “Life Style Index” (LSI) developed by R. Plutchik, H. Kellerman, and H. R. Conte; the method of diagnostics of socio-psychological attitudes of the individual in the motivational and consumer sphere developed by O. F. Potemkina. The analysis of the acquired results with determination of statistically significant interdependences of psychological indicators was carried out by means of the method of mathematical statistics. The novelty of this work consists in examination of the impact of motivational orientations of corporate leaders upon manifestation of their defense mechanisms during the crisis stages of business development in accordance with the theory of psychoanalysis. Such research is carried out for the first time. The practical importance of the results lies in the application of knowledge of psychoanalytic concepts for revealing the latent pathogenic factors in the company that affect personnel’s behavior. This would allow the corporate psychologists to choose effective recommendations for balancing such factors. The conclusion is made that the protective mechanisms of the business owner and corporate leadership are interrelated with their motivational orientations; the degree of defense mechanisms of leaders of newly established companies and long established companies differ. The author's special contribution to this research consists in interpretation of the results through the prism of psychoanalytic approach.
Influence of spectral characteristics of light sources on measuring space camera modulation transfer function
Authors: Liu Shang-Kuo , Wang Tao , Li Kun , Cao Kun , Zhang Xi-Bin , Zhou Yan , Zhao Jian-Ke , Yao Bao-Li ,   Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, china,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: July 2021

Modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement is a major means to evaluate the imaging quality of a space camera. The influence caused by the spectral characteristic of light source on the MTF results is not negligible, because the transmittance and color aberration of optical systems, and quantum efficiency of the space camera detectors are all spectrally related. Thus, MTF results tested by different light sources are different from each other. To address this problem, we propose a method to analyze the influence of spectral characteristics of light sources on measuring the MTF of space cameras. In addition, the devices and methods are designed to calibrate the spectral response and monochrome point spread function (PSF) of space camera. A Sigma lens (focal length: 1000mm, F number: 5.6) and a Cannon EOS 5DSR camera (pixel size: 4.14 μm) are combined into an experimental space camera, whose spectral response is calibrated with a monochromator (Omno30300, NBeT) and a spectral radiometer (FieldSpec, ASD). We calibrate the monochrome PSF of the Sigma lens with the same monochromator and a CCD (PIXIS 1024, Princeton Instruments, pixel size: 13 μm) micro-measuring system (20X objective). During the calibration of spectral response and monochrome PSF, the same collimator (focus: 5000 mm, F number: 10) is used. With using the proposed method and those calibrating data, we compute the theoretical values of the MTF of a space camera measured separately with five different light sources. The results indicate that MTF measured by a xenon lamp is greatly different from those MTFs measured by the other four light sources. Comparisons of those theoretically calculated MTFs, separately, show that the MTF measured by a tungsten halogen lamp is greater than the MTF measured by a xenon lamp at each spatial frequency. The deviation between those two lamps reaches a maximum value of 0.075 in the medium-high frequency zone. Furthermore, in order to verify those theoretical conclusions, a platform including a collimator and the previous space camera is constructed. The MTFs measured by a tungsten halogen lamp and a xenon lamp are computed with the slanted-edge method respectively. The results demonstrate that the distributions and deviations of the MTFs tested by those two lamps are identical to those theoretical results at each spatial frequency, with the maximum deviation being 0.057. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the suggested method can accurately calculate the influence of spectral characteristics of light sources on measuring MTF of space cameras. The proposed method can also be adopted to investigate the influence of spectral characteristics of light sources on MTF of optical systems in the design or test stages.
Machine learning based on wave and diffusion physical systems
Authors: Chen Jiang-Zhi , Yang Chen-Wen , Ren Jie ,   Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, Center for Phononics and Thermal Energy Science, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China,   Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: July 2021

Recently, the application of physics to machine learning and the interdisciplinary convergence of the two have attracted wide attention. This paper focuses on exploring the internal relationship between physical systems and machine learning, and also on promoting machine learning algorithm and physical implementation. We summarize the researches of machine learning in wave systems and diffusion systems, and introduce some of the latest research results. We first discuss the realization of supervised learning for wave systems, including the wave optics realization of neural networks, the wave realization of quantum search, the recurrent neural networks based on wave systems, and the nonlinear wave computation of neural morphology. Then, we discuss the machine learning algorithms inspired by diffusion systems, such as the classification algorithm based on diffusion dynamics, data mining and information filtering based on thermal diffusion, searching for optimization based on population diffusion, etc. The physical mechanism of diffusion system can inspire the construction of efficient machine learning algorithms for the classification and optimization of complex systems and physics research, which may create a new vision for the development of physics inspired algorithms and hardware implementation, and even the integration of software and hardware.
Reconciling functional differences in populations of neurons recorded with two-photon imaging and electrophysiology
Authors: Siegle Joshua H , Ledochowitsch Peter , Jia Xiaoxuan , Millman Daniel J , Ocker Gabriel K , Caldejon Shiella , Casal Linzy , Cho Andy , Denman Daniel J , Durand Séverine , Groblewski Peter A , Heller Gregg , Kato India , Kivikas Sara , Lecoq Jérôme , Nayan Chelsea , Ngo Kiet , Nicovich Philip R , North Kat , Ramirez Tamina K , Swapp Jackie , Waughman Xana , Williford Ali , Olsen Shawn R , Koch Christof , Buice Michael A , de Vries Saskia EJ
Published: July 2021

Extracellular electrophysiology and two-photon calcium imaging are widely used methods for measuring physiological activity with single-cell resolution across large populations of cortical neurons. While each of these two modalities has distinct advantages and disadvantages, neither provides complete, unbiased information about the underlying neural population. Here, we compare evoked responses in visual cortex recorded in awake mice under highly standardized conditions using either imaging of genetically expressed GCaMP6f or electrophysiology with silicon probes. Across all stimulus conditions tested, we observe a larger fraction of responsive neurons in electrophysiology and higher stimulus selectivity in calcium imaging, which was partially reconciled by applying a spikes-to-calcium forward model to the electrophysiology data. However, the forward model could only reconcile differences in responsiveness when restricted to neurons with low contamination and an event rate above a minimum threshold. This work established how the biases of these two modalities impact functional metrics that are fundamental for characterizing sensory-evoked responses.
Interactive architecture as a therapeutic environment for people with Alzheimer’s disease, a scoping review
Authors: Elnimr Heidi
Published: July 2021

As the global population ages, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases. AD is the most common cause of dementia. In recent years interactive architecture has been developed to enhance the lives of people coping with this disease. This article presents an extensive literature review from existent research projects on how assistive technology (AT) has been used as a physical and cognitive rehabilitation aid to AD and other dementia patients. The review served to identify gaps in AT implemented place. That revealed the following findings: (1) a notable improvement in both physical and cognitive rehabilitation when integrating AT in patients’ therapeutic environments, (2) a positive effect for caregivers when patients used AT individually, and (3) a lack of clarity due to limited studies on the use of AT for daily activities in residents’ rooms at healthcare centers. However, further studies are necessary to explore the AT potential integrating strategies to promote daily activities in the residents’ rooms at healthcare centers, and the architectural factors that could affect ATs’ efficiency.
Forgetting faces over a week: investigating self-reported face recognition ability and personality
Authors: Kramer Robin S.S.
Published: July 2021

Background

Although face recognition is now well studied, few researchers have considered the nature of forgetting over longer time periods. Here, I investigated how newly learned faces were recognised over the course of one week. In addition, I considered whether self-reported face recognition ability, as well as Big Five personality dimensions, were able to predict actual performance in a recognition task.

Methods

In this experiment (N = 570), faces were learned through short video interviews, and these identities were later presented in a recognition test (using previously unseen images) after no delay, six hours, twelve hours, one day, or seven days.

Results

The majority of forgetting took place within the first 24 hours, with no significant decrease after that timepoint. Further, self-reported face recognition abilities were moderately predictive of performance, while extraversion showed a small, negative association with performance. In both cases, these associations remained consistent across delay conditions.

Discussion

The current work begins to address important questions regarding face recognition using longitudinal, real-world time intervals, focussing on participant insight into their own abilities, and the process of forgetting more generally.
Pandemic did not lead to decrease in alcohol and marijuana use by youth
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2021

Despite seeing a historic decline in youths' perceived availability of alcohol and marijuana during last year's peak of COVID‐19 restrictions, use of these substances did not show a corresponding drop, newly released data indicates. The study's lead author told ADAW that the findings were so surprising to him that he had to set them aside for a time to try to process what he was seeing.
In Situ Formed “Sn1–XInX@In1–YSnYOZ” Core@Shell Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Pardo Pérez Laura C. , Teschner Detre , Willinger Elena , Guiet Amandine , Driess Matthias , Strasser Peter , Fischer Anna
Published: July 2021

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) driven by renewable energy has gained increasing attention for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Catalyst design to overcome large overpotentials and poor product selectivity remains however challenging. Sn/SnOx and In/InOx composites have been reported active for CO2RR with high selectivity toward formate formation. In this work, the CO2RR activity and selectivity of metal/metal oxide composite nanoparticles formed by in situ reduction of bimetallic amorphous SnInOx thin films are investigated. It is shown that during CO2RR the amorphous SnInOx pre‐catalyst thin films are reduced in situ into Sn1–XInX@In1–YSnYOz core@shell nanoparticles composed of Sn‐rich SnIn alloy nanocores (with x < 0.2) surrounded by InOx‐rich bimetallic InSnOx shells (with 0.3 < y < 0.4 and z ≈ 1). The in situ formed particles catalyze the CO2RR to formate with high faradaic efficiency (80%) and outstanding formate mass activity (437 A gIn+Sn−1 @ −1.0 V vs RHE in 0.1 m KHCO3). While extensive structural investigation during CO2RR reveals pronounced dynamics in terms of particle size, the core@shell structure is observed for the different electrolysis conditions essayed, with high surface oxide contents favoring formate over hydrogen selectivity.
Magnetically Guidable Proteinaceous Adhesive Microbots for Targeted Locoregional Therapeutics Delivery in the Highly Dynamic Environment of the Esophagus
Authors: Choi Hyun Sun , Jo Yun Kee , Ahn Gwang‐Noh , Joo Kye Il , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Cha Hyung Joon
Published: July 2021

The esophagus is a tubular‐shaped muscular organ where swallowed fluids and muscular contractions constitute a highly dynamic environment. The turbulent, coordinated processes that occur through the oropharyngeal conduit can often compromise targeted administration of therapeutic drugs to a lesion, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, magnetically guidable drug vehicles capable of strongly adhering to target sites using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) to achieve localized delivery of therapeutic drugs against the hydrodynamic physiological conditions are proposed. A suite of highly uniform microparticles embedded with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (MAP@IO MPs) is microfluidically fabricated using the genipin‐mediated covalent cross‐linking of bioengineered MAP. The MAP@IO MPs are successfully targeted to a specific region and prolongedly retained in the tubular‐structured passageway. In particular, orally administered MAP@IO MPs are effectively captured in the esophagus in vivo in a magnetically guidable manner. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded MAP@IO MPs exhibit a sustainable DOX release profile, effective anticancer therapeutic activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the magnetically guidable locomotion and robust underwater adhesive properties of the proteinaceous soft microbots can provide an intelligent modular approach for targeted locoregional therapeutics delivery to a specific lesion site in dynamic fluid‐associated tubular organs such as the esophagus.
High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Structural Design and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Xu Yan‐Song , Guo Si‐Jie , Tao Xian‐Sen , Sun Yong‐Gang , Ma Jianmin , Liu Chuntai , Cao An‐Min
Published: July 2021

Due to the obvious advantage in potassium reserves, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are now receiving increasing research attention as an alternative energy storage system for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the large size of K+ makes it a challenging task to identify suitable electrode materials, particularly cathode ones that determine the energy density of PIBs, capable of tolerating the serious structural deformation during the continuous intercalation/deintercalation of K+. It is therefore of paramount importance that proper design principles of cathode materials be followed to ensure stable electrochemical performance if a practical application of PIBs is expected. Herein, the current knowledge on the structural engineering of cathode materials acquired during the battle against its performance degradation is summarized. The K+ storage behavior of different types of cathodes is discussed in detail and the structure–performance relationship of materials sensitive to their different lattice frameworks is highlighted. The key issues facing the future development of different categories of cathode materials are also highlighted and perspectives for potential approaches and strategies to promote the further development of PIBs are provided.
Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Properties of Bioinspired Surfaces by Laser Ablation of Metal Substrate inside Water
Authors: Su Yilin , Zhao Yizhe , Jiang Shengyuan , Hou Xuyan , Hong Minghui
Published: July 2021

Water droplet unidirectional adhesion, wetting, and transport on the asymmetric superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much research interest in theory analyses and applications. In this study, inspired by the butterfly wings and lotus leaf, a novel anisotropic superhydrophobic surface with different tilt angles of the wedge‐shaped structures is prepared on aluminum surfaces via laser ablation inside water. It is demonstrated experimentally that the resistant force of water droplets on the bioinspired surfaces is different along the tilt direction of the wedge‐shaped structure and the inverse direction. The sliding and bouncing behaviors of water droplets on different bioinspired wedge‐shaped structure surfaces are simulated and tested to understand better the mechanism of the rolling and bouncing droplets induced by asymmetric wedge‐shaped structures. Furthermore, the effect of the tilt wedge‐shaped structures on the anisotropic superhydrophobic properties is revealed from the mechanical point of view. The relationship between the anisotropic superhydrophobic properties and the tilt angle of the wedge‐shaped structure is investigated.
High Performance Self‐Driven Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors Based on GeAs/InSe Heterojunction
Authors: Xiong Jingxian , Sun Yiming , Wu Liangwei , Wang Weizhe , Gao Wei , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo
Published: July 2021

The ability to detect linearly polarized light is essential in the field of angle‐dependent optoelectronics and polarization optical applications. To date, most polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are mainly based on single 2D anisotropic materials, which still suffer from the large dark current, from being external bias driven, and from low anisotropy ratio. To address these obstacles, we fabricated a van der Waals (vdW) GeAs/InSe heterojunction with type‐II band alignment achieving a high‐performance self‐driven polarization‐sensitive photodetector. The heterojunction exhibits excellent rectifying characteristics with a current rectification ratio exceeding 103. By operating in photovoltaic mode at zero bias, the device shows a very low dark current of ∼0.1 picoampere, high photoresponsivity of 357 mA/W, and large photo‐switching ratio of 103, yielding a high specific detectivity of 2 × 1011 Jones and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 8%. Benefiting from the anisotropic structure of the GeAs components, the heterojunctions also exhibit self‐driven polarization‐sensitive photodetection with superior anisotropic photocurrent ratio of ∼18 which surpasses state‐of‐the‐art 2D based polarization‐dependent detectors. This work proposes an effective strategy utilizing the anisotropic/isotropic vdW heterojunctions to enable self‐powered and high‐performance polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, opening a new avenue towards the promising potential applications in polarization‐resolved electronics and photonics.
Multipole Engineering of Attractive−Repulsive and Bending Optical Forces
Authors: Kislov Denis A. , Gurvitz Egor A. , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Pavlov Alexander A. , Redka Dmitrii N. , Marqués Manuel I. , Ginzburg Pavel , Shalin Alexander S.
Published: July 2021

Focused laser beams allow controlling the mechanical motion of objects and can serve as a tool for assembling micro and nanostructures in space. While small particles mainly experience attractive gradient forces and repulsive radiation pressure, introducing additional flexibility suggests approaching new capabilities. Herein, optical forces acting on a high refractive index sphere in a focused Gaussian beam are analyzed and new regimes are revealed. Multipolar analysis allows separating an optical force into interception and recoil components, resulting in different mechanical actions. In particular, interplaying interception radial forces and multipolar resonances within a particle can lead to either trapping or antitrapping, depending on the system parameters. At the same time, the recoil force generates a significant azimuthal component along with an angular‐dependent radial force. Those contributions enable enhancing either trapping or antitrapping and also introduce bending reactions. These effects are linked to the far‐field multipole interference and, specifically, to asymmetric scattering patterns. The latter approach is extremely useful, as it allows assessing the nature of optomechanical motion by observing far‐fields. Multipolar engineering of optical forces, being quite a general approach, is not necessarily linked to simple spherical shapes and paves a way to new possibilities in microfluidic applications, including sorting and microassembly.
Modular supply chain optimization considering demand uncertainty to manage risk
Authors: Bhosekar Atharv , Badejo Oluwadare , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: July 2021

Supply chain under demand uncertainty has been a challenging problem due to increased competition and market volatility in modern markets. Flexibility in planning decisions makes modular manufacturing a promising way to address this problem. In this work, the problem of multiperiod process and supply chain network design is considered under demand uncertainty. A mixed integer two‐stage stochastic programming problem is formulated with integer variables indicating the process design and continuous variables to represent the material flow in the supply chain. The problem is solved using a rolling horizon approach. Benders decomposition is used to reduce the computational complexity of the optimization problem. To promote risk‐averse decisions, a downside risk measure is incorporated in the model. The results demonstrate the several advantages of modular designs in meeting product demands. A pareto‐optimal curve for minimizing the objectives of expected cost and downside risk is obtained.
Near‐infrared laser 808‐nm excitable palladium nano‐dots loaded on graphene oxide hybrid for the antibacterial activity
Authors: Ullah Sadeeq , Khan Shahin S. , Ren Yanru , Zhang Xu , Qin Meng , Xiong Xin , Krastev Rumen , Jan Amin U. , Liu Luo , Yuan Qipeng
Published: July 2021

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is considered the most common life‐threatening infectious bacteria in our daily life and poses a major challenge to human health. However, antibiotics frequently overused and misused has triggered increased multidrug resistance, hinders therapeutic outcomes, and causes higher mortalities. Herein, we addressed near‐infrared (NIR) laser‐excited human serum albumin (HSA) mediated graphene oxide loaded palladium nano‐dots (HSA‐GO‐Pd) that can effectively combat Gram‐negative E. coli in vitro. NIR laser‐excited designed hybrid material highly generates singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical by electron spin‐resonance (ESR) analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show small spherical sizes PdNPs on the surface of GO nano‐sheets. The zeta (ζ) potential study indicates that in an aqueous medium, the average PdNPs size and surface capped charge comes from human body protein (HSA), HSA‐GO‐Pd is 5–8 nm, and +25 mV, respectively. The spectroscopic characterization reveals that in the synthesized HSA‐GO‐Pd nanocomposite, PdNPs successfully well‐dispersed decorated on the surface of graphene oxide. The as‐synthesized HSA‐GO‐Pd shows excellent antibacterial activity against gram‐negative pathogen by killing 95% bacteria within 5 h. HSA‐GO‐Pd having very biocompatible and shows significant antibacterial activities. Owing to their intense photothermal conversation potential, low toxicity to normal cells, the as‐addressed hybrid (HSA‐GO‐Pd) combined with NIR‐irradiation will catch up valuable insight into the effective ablation of pathogenic bacteria.
Cognitive correlates of autism spectrum disorder symptoms
Authors: Johnson Camille N. , Ramphal Bruce , Koe Emily , Raudales Amarelis , Goldsmith Jeff , Margolis Amy E.
Published: July 2021

Due to the diverse behavioral presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), identifying ASD subtypes using patterns of cognitive abilities has become an important point of research. Some previous studies on cognitive profiles in ASD suggest that the discrepancy between verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ) is associated with ASD symptoms, while others have pointed to VIQ as the critical predictor. Given that VIQ is a component of the VIQ‐PIQ discrepancy, it was unclear which was most driving these associations. This study tested whether VIQ, PIQ, or the VIQ‐PIQ discrepancy was most associated with ASD symptoms in children and adults with ASD (N = 527). Using data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), we tested the independent contribution of each IQ index and their discrepancy to ASD symptom severity using multiple linear regressions predicting ASD symptoms. VIQ was most associated with lower symptom severity as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) total score, and when VIQ was included in models predicting ASD symptoms, associations with PIQ and IQ discrepancy were not significant. An association between VIQ and ASD communication symptoms drove the association with ASD symptom severity. These results suggest that associations between ASD communication symptoms and IQ discrepancy or PIQ reported in prior studies likely resulted from variance shared with VIQ. Subtyping ASD on the basis of VIQ should be a point of future research, as it may allow for the development of more personalized approaches to intervention.

Lay Summary

Previous research on links between autism severity and verbal and nonverbal intelligence has produced mixed results. Our study examined whether verbal intelligence, nonverbal intelligence, or the discrepancy between the two was most related to autism symptoms. We found that higher verbal intelligence was most associated with less severe autism communication symptoms. Given the relevance of verbal intelligence in predicting autism symptom severity, subtyping autism on the basis of verbal intelligence could lead to more personalized treatments.
Confirmatory adaptive group sequential designs for single‐arm phase II studies with multiple time‐to‐event endpoints
Authors: Danzer Moritz Fabian , Terzer Tobias , Berthold Frank , Faldum Andreas , Schmidt Rene
Published: July 2021

Existing methods concerning the assessment of long‐term survival outcomes in one‐armed trials are commonly restricted to one primary endpoint. Corresponding adaptive designs suffer from limitations regarding the use of information from other endpoints in interim design changes. Here we provide adaptive group sequential one‐sample tests for testing hypotheses on the multivariate survival distribution derived from multi‐state models, while making provision for data‐dependent design modifications based on all involved time‐to‐event endpoints. We explicitly elaborate application of the methodology to one‐sample tests for the joint distribution of (i) progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the context of an illness‐death model, and (ii) time to toxicity and time to progression while accounting for death as a competing event. Large sample distributions are derived using a counting process approach. Small sample properties are studied by simulation. An already established multi‐state model for non‐small cell lung cancer is used to illustrate the adaptive procedure.
Non‐operative management of primary omental torsion, a case report and literature review
Authors: Foula Mohammed S. , Sharroufna Mohammed , Alshammasi Zahra H. , Alothman Omar S. , Almusailh Bayan A. , Hassan Khairi A.
Published: July 2021

Primary omental torsion is a rare cause of acute abdomen especially in obese patients with inconsistent history, examination, and laboratory findings. The liberal use of computed tomography in casualties has increased its preoperative diagnosis. Despite the controversy, the non‐operative approach should be attempted as a first line of management while the laparoscopic resection should be only considered after failure of non‐operative management.
Incidental cholecystocolonic fistula in obstructive jaundice
Authors: Okidi Ronald , Ogwang Martin David , Natumanya Robert , Mukalazi Abraham , Kyomuhendo Tracy , Okello Tom Richard
Published: July 2021

Cholecystocolonic fistula is a rare condition often diagnosed intraoperatively, requiring an adequate set of knowledge and skills to allow safe intraoperative change of prior planned surgery and alleviate significant morbidity.
An unusual presentation of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Schulze Westhoff Martin , Osmanovic Alma , Meissner Catharina , Heck Johannes , Mahmoudi Nima , Hendrich Corinna , Berding Georg , Seifert Johanna , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Krüger Tillmann , Groh Adrian
Published: July 2021

We describe the case of a 59‐year‐old woman who exhibited psychotic symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and restlessness. While the clinical picture and 18F‐FDG PET/CT suggested the presence of a tauopathy, especially frontotemporal dementia or progressive supranuclear palsy, genetic testing eventually revealed Huntington's disease.
Predictors and 3‐year outcomes of compromised left circumflex coronary artery after left main crossover stenting
Authors: Ullah Hameed , Elakabawi Karim , Ke Han , Ullah Najeeb , Ullah Habib , Shah Sardar Ali , Khan Hamad Haider , Khan Muhammad Asad , Guo Ning , Yuan Zuyi
Published: July 2021

Background

There are few predictors of decreased fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) after left main (LM) crossover stenting.

Objectives

We aimed to determine the predictors for low FFR at LCx and possible treatment strategies for compromised LCx, together with their long‐term outcomes.

Methods

Altogether, 563 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to November 2020 with significant distal LM bifurcation lesions. They underwent single‐stent crossover percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance with further LCx intervention based on the measured FFR.

Results

The patients showed significant angiographic LCx ostial affection post‐LM stenting, but only 116 (20.6%) patients had FFR < 0.8. The three‐year composite major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates were comparable between the high and low FFR groups (16.8% vs. 15.5; p = 0.744). In a multivariate analysis, low FFR at the LCx was associated with post‐stenting minimal luminal area (MLA) of LCx (odds ratio [OR]: 0.032, p < .001), post‐stenting LCx plaque burden (OR: 1.166, p < .001), poststenting LM MLA (OR: 0.821, p = .038), and prestenting LCx MLA (OR: 0.371, p = .044). In the low FFR group, those with compromised LCx managed with drug‐eluting balloon had the lowest three‐year MACE rate (8.1%), as compared to either those undergoing kissing balloon inflation (KBI) (17.5%) or stenting (20.5%) (p = 0.299).

Conclusion

Unnecessary LCx interventions can be avoided with FFR‐guided LCx intervention. Poststenting MLA and plaque burden of the LCx, and main vessel stent length are poststenting predictors of low FFR.
Mualaf Chic: Conversion and Mediation in Indonesian Pious Sociality
Authors: Jones Carla
Published: July 2021

Scholars of the visible rise of public forms of Islamic piety movements in Indonesia in the past two decades have noted its transnational character. Unsurprisingly, Arab inspiration has been prominent, as direct clerical influence and indirect aesthetic prestige. In this article, I suggest that another feature of this shared religious community relays a slightly different allure, that of accessing and domesticating foreignness through conversion and cosmopolitanism. I analyze this through examples from pious fashion celebrities who have large and passionate Indonesian audiences. Analyzing two genres, Indonesian pious celebrities who amplify their appeal through situating themselves in foreign settings, and foreign converts to Islam who have large Indonesian social media audiences because of their adoption of Muslim piety, I ask how the affordances of fashion facilitate a unique process of accessing the allure of the foreign that preclude its total domestication. I focus particularly on the example of Ayana Jihye Moon, a Korean woman whose conversion to Islam has created a substantial Indonesian fan base. Her “ journey to Islam” suggests alternate circuits in contemporary Indonesian Islamic culture and by extension, the role of the foreign in Indonesian conceptions of authority.