bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal wastewater sampling in buildings reveals temporal dynamics of metabolites
Authors: Evans Ethan D. , Dai Chengzhen , Isazadeh Siavash , Park Shinkyu , Ratti Carlo , Alm Eric J.
Published: December 2019

Direct sampling of building wastewater has the potential to enable “precision public health” observations and interventions. Temporal sampling offers additional dynamic information that can be used to increase the informational content of individual metabolic “features”, but few studies have focused on high-resolution sampling. Here, we sampled three spatially close buildings, revealing individual metabolomics features, retention time (rt) and mass-to-charge ratio (mz) pairs, that often possess similar stationary statistical properties, as expected from aggregate sampling. However, the temporal profiles of features—providing orthogonal information to physicochemical properties—illustrate that many possess significantly differentfeature temporal dynamics(fTDs) across buildings, with rapid and unpredictable deviations from the mean. Internal to a building, numerous and seemingly unrelated features, with mz and rt differences up to hundreds of Daltons and seconds, display highly correlated fTDs, suggesting non-obvious feature relationships. Data-driven building classification achieves high sensitivity and specificity, and extracts building-identifying features with unique dynamics. Analysis of fTDs from many short-duration samples allows for tailored community monitoring with applicability in public health studies.
Dietary sugar inhibits satiation by decreasing the central processing of sweet taste
Authors: May Christina E. , Rosander Julia , Gottfried Jen , Dennis Evan , Dus Monica
Published: December 2019

From humans to flies, exposure to diets rich in sugar and fat lowers taste sensation, changes food choices, and promotes feeding. However, how these peripheral alterations influence eating is unknown. Here we used the genetically tractable organism D. melanogaster to define the neural mechanisms through which this occurs. We characterized a population of protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons (PAM DANs) that innervates the β’2 compartment of the mushroom body and responds to sweet taste. In animals fed a high sugar diet, the response of PAM-β’2 to sweet stimuli was reduced and delayed, and sensitive to the strength of the signal transmission out of the sensory neurons. We found that PAM-β’2 DANs activity controls feeding rate and satiation: closed-loop optogenetic activation of β’2 DANs restored normal eating in animals fed high sucrose. These data argue that diet-dependent alterations in taste weaken satiation by impairing the central processing of sensory signals.
Differential involvement of EEG oscillatory components in sameness vs. spatial-relation visual reasoning tasks
Authors: Alamia Andrea , Luo Canhuang , Ricci Matthew , Kim Junkyung , Serre Thomas , VanRullen Rufin
Published: December 2019

The development of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) has recently led to great successes in computer vision and have become de facto computational models of vision. However, a growing body of work suggests that they exhibit critical limitations beyond image categorization. Here, we study a fundamental limitation of DCNs for judging whether two items are the same or different (SD) compared to a baseline assessment of their spatial relationship (SR). We test the prediction that SD tasks recruit additional cortical mechanisms which underlie critical aspects of visual cognition that are not explained by current computational models. We thus recorded EEG signals from 14 participants engaged in the same tasks as the computational models. Importantly, the two tasks were matched in terms of difficulty by an adaptive psychometric procedure: yet, on top of a modulation of evoked potentials, our results revealed higher activity in the low beta (13-20Hz) band in the SD compared to the SR conditions, which we surmise as reflecting the crucial involvement of recurrent mechanisms sustaining working memory and attention.

Author Summary

Despite the impressive progress of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) in object recognition, recent studies demonstrated that state-of-the-art vision algorithms encounter severe limitations when performing certain visual reasoning tasks: for instance, convolutional networks can easily solve problems involvingspatial relations, but fail in identifying whether two items are identical or different (same-different task). This conclusion led us to test the hypothesis that different computational mechanisms are needed to successfully perform these tasks also in the visual system. First, we confirmed in our simulations that DCNs can successfully perform spatial relationship tasks but struggle with same-different ones. Then, we tested 14 participants on the same experimental design while recording their EEG signals. Remarkably, our results revealed a significant difference between the tasks in the occipital brain regions both in evoked potentials and in the oscillatory dynamics. Specifically, an increase of activity was found when performing the SD over the SR condition. We interpret these results as reflecting the fundamental involvement of recurrent mechanisms implementing cognitive functions such as working memory and attention.
Spatial distribution and research trend of illegal activities and the factors associated with wild mammal population declines in protected areas
Authors: Rija Alfan A. , Critchlow Rob , Thomas Chris D. , Beale Colin M.
Published: December 2019

Illegal activities are a persistent problem in many protected areas, but an overview of the extent of this problem and its impact is lacking. We review 35 years (1980-1914) of research across the globe to examine the spatial distribution of research and socio-ecological factors influencing population decline within protected areas under illegal activities pressure. From 92 papers reporting 1048 species/site combinations, more than 350 species comprising mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes and molluscs were reported to have been extracted illegally from 146 protected areas across four continents. Research in illegal activities has increased substantially during the review period but also shows strong taxonomic and geographic biases towards large wild mammals and African continent respectively, suggesting persistent poaching pressures on wild mammals in African protected areas. Population declines were most frequent i) where there was commercial poaching as opposed to subsistence poaching alone, ii) in countries with a low human development index particularly in strict protected areas and iii) for species with a body mass over 100 kg. Habitat loss associated with greater land use change had an additional significant impact on population decline, particularly in the less-strict categories (IUCN III-VI) of protected area across the continents. Overall, these findings provide evidence that illegal activities are most likely to cause species declines of large-bodied animals in protected areas in resource-poor countries regardless of protected area conservation status (i.e. IUCN category). Given the mounting pressures of illegal activities, additional conservation effort such as improving anti-poaching strategies and conservation resources in terms of improving funding and personnel directed at this problem is a growing priority.
Biodiversity clock and conservation triangle: Integrative platform for biodiversity monitoring, evaluation, and preemptive conservation intervention
Authors: Jaishanker R , Vishnu M , Rajan Sajeev C , Sooraj N.P , Athira K , Sarojkumar V , Dominic Lijimol , Mathew Subin John , Unnikrishnan Anjaly , Dadhwal Vinay Kumar
Published: December 2019

Business-as-usual is no more an option on the table for biodiversity conservation. Disruptive transformation at both policy and polity levels are pressing needs. The possibilities presented by the current wave of information and communication technology can act as travelators to meet the conservation targets. Here, we introduce twin concepts of biodiversity clock and conservation triangle that posit as convergence plane to seamlessly consolidate ongoing discrete efforts and convey real-time biodiversity information in a lucid schematic form. In its present form, the biodiversity clock depicts 12 ecological and 6 biophysical components. The universal consistency in clock-reading facilitates the biodiversity clock to be read and interpreted identically across the world. A ternary plot of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) species conservation status is presented as the conservation triangle. Together, the biodiversity clock and the conservation triangle are invaluable in strategizing biodiversity conservation, post-2020. Leveraged smartly, they make possible pre-emptive intervention for biodiversity conservation.
Dose old age lead to gluttony? Effects of aging on predation and locomotion in the assassin bugAmphibolus venator
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Iwaya Mana , Nagaya Naohisa , Fujisawa Ryusuke , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: December 2019

Animal behaviors are often affected by aging. In many insect species, locomotor activity decreases with aging. Foraging ability may also decrease with aging. However, few studies have investigated the effects of aging on both locomotor activity and foraging ability. In the present study, we tested the aging effect on locomotor activity and foraging ability in the assassin bugAmphibolus venator. The present results showed that locomotor activity decreased with age, similar to findings in many other animal species. However, foraging ability increased with age. Namely, the decline in locomotor activity with age did not lead to a decline in foraging ability. The positive relationship between foraging ability and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used byA. venatorvia alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.
Effects of land-use change and related pressures on alien and native subsets of island communities
Authors: Sánchez-Ortiz Katia , Taylor Kara J. M. , De Palma Adriana , Essl Franz , Dawson Wayne , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark , Weigelt Patrick , Purvis Andy
Published: December 2019

Island species and habitats are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances, and anthropogenic changes are increasingly overwriting natural island biogeographic patterns. However, quantitative comparisons of how native and alien assemblages respond to human disturbances are scarce. Using data from 6,242 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 7,718 sites on 81 islands, we model how land-use change, human population density and distance to the nearest road affect local assemblages of alien and native species on islands. We found that land-use change reduces both richness and abundance of native species, whereas the number and abundance of alien species are high in plantation forests and agricultural or urban sites. In contrast to the long-established pattern for native species (i.e., decline in species number with island isolation), more isolated islands have more alien species across most land uses than do less isolated islands. We show that alien species play a major role in the turnover of island assemblages: our models show that aliens outnumber natives among the species present at disturbed sites but absent from minimally-disturbed primary vegetation. Finally, we found a homogenization pattern for both native and alien assemblages across sites within most land uses. The declines of native species on islands in the face of human pressures, and the particular proneness to invasions of the more remote islands, highlight the need to reduce the intensity of human pressures on islands and to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species.
Reconstitution of the Human tRNA Splicing Endonuclease Complex: insight into the regulation of pre-tRNA cleavage
Authors: Hayne Cassandra K. , Schmidt Casey A. , Matera A. Gregory , Stanley Robin E.
Published: December 2019

The splicing of tRNA introns is a critical step in pre-tRNA maturation. In archaea and eukaryotes, tRNA intron removal is catalyzed by the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex. Eukaryotic TSEN is comprised of four core subunits (TSEN54, TSEN2, TSEN34, and TSEN15). The human TSEN complex additionally co-purifies with the polynucleotide kinase CLP1; however, CLP1’s role in tRNA splicing remains unclear. Mutations in genes encoding all four TSEN subunits, as well as CLP1, are known to cause neurodegenerative disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these disorders are unknown. Here, we developed a recombinant system that produces active TSEN complex. Co-expression of all four TSEN subunits is required for efficient formation and function of the complex. We show that human CLP1 associates with the active TSEN complex, but is not required for tRNA intron cleavagein vitro. Moreover, RNAi knockdown of theDrosophilaCLP1 orthologue, cbc, promotes biogenesis of mature tRNAs and circularized tRNA introns (tricRNAs)in vivo. Collectively, these and other findings suggest that CLP1/cbc plays a regulatory role in tRNA splicing by serving as a negative modulator of the direct tRNA ligation pathway in animal cells.
How sustainability assurance engagement scopes are determined, and its impact on capture and credibility enhancement
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Bilal , de Villiers Charl
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how sustainability assurance providers’ (SAPs) promotion of sustainability assurance influences the scope of engagements, its implications for professional and managerial capture and the ability of sustainability assurance to promote credible reporting.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted in-depth interviews with sustainability reporting managers (SRMs) and SAPs in Australia and New Zealand, using an institutional work lens to focus the analysis.

Findings

At the start of a new assurance engagement, SAPs offer pre-assurance and flexible assurance scopes, allowing them to recruit clients on narrow-scoped engagements. These narrow-scoped engagements focus on disclosed content and limit SAPs’ ability to add value and enhance credibility. During assurance engagements, SAPs educate managers and encourage changing the norms underlying sustainability reporting. At the end of the assurance engagement, SAPs provide a management report demonstrating added-value of assurance and encouraging clients broader-scoped engagements. However, with each assurance engagement, the recommendations offer diminishing returns, often leading managers to question the value of broad-scoped engagements and to consider narrowing the scope to realize savings. Under these conditions, client pressure (potentially managerial capture) along with practitioners’ desires to grow assurance income (potentially professional capture) can affect SAPs’ independence and the quality of their assurance work.

Practical implications

The study implies that regulation mandating the scope of engagements may be called for.

Originality/value

The authors contribute to the research literature in several ways. First, the findings show how professional and managerial capture occurs before, during and at the end of the assurance process. The authors highlight how perceived value addition from sustainability assurance diminishes over time and how this impacts the scope of engagements (with implications for SAPs independence and the quality of assurance work). The authors show these findings in a table, clarifying the complicated interrelationships. Second, the authors contribute to theory by identifying a new form of institutional work. Third, unlike previous studies focused on SAPs, the authors provide insights from the perspectives of both SAPs and SRMs.
Influencing factors on inter-organizational trust asymmetry behavior in construction projects
Authors: Li Yijing , He Nan , Li Huimin , Liu Ziqi , Qi Jianyun
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, determining which factors critically influence asymmetrical trust behaviors in construction projects within the Chinese context; second, proposing corresponding measures to deal with the asymmetrical behaviors of both the owner and the contractor promoting cooperative relationships among participants in construction organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model was developed and a questionnaire survey was conducted with 183 professionals. The data collected were analyzed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Findings

The results identified six critical factors influencing trust asymmetry behavior in construction projects. The power imbalance, information asymmetry and cognitive difference have a positive influence on both upward-trust behavior and downward-trust behavior in the construction organization, while the competence, performance capacity and relationship satisfaction have negative effects.

Research limitations/implications

This paper based on the assumption that trust asymmetry behavior has a negative impact on project performance, which should be further studied. Besides, future research may carry out a comparative analysis among the trusting relationships and behavior of different participants dynamically.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature in three aspects. First, the factors influencing trust behavior in project organization have been identified for the first time. Second, a comprehensive view of trust asymmetry behavior has been theorized by SEM method. Third, the result bridges the existing gap caused by the lack of empirical evidence to understand the genetic mechanisms of trust asymmetry behavior in the construction industry.
Narrative space of former residences in old Beijing city amidst societal transformation
Authors: Wang Fang , Lin Shiting , Liu Xiaoyu , Jiang Chunyan , Li Jianing
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The former residences of historical figures are typical landscape elements of historic districts, which are characterised by the styles of these residences and spiritual historical figures cultures. The purpose of this paper is to determine how the former residences respond once the historical figures living there have passed.

Design/methodology/approach

The history of human culture and progression of urban construction – which are submerged in societal transformation – is recorded for old Beijing city. Narrative space theory is used and methods such as a content analysis, map overlay and the Geographic Information System are employed to analyse the selected 300 former residences of historical figures in old Beijing city.

Findings

The results are as follows: the political setting played a key role in the evolution process, three political narrative areas in the inner city and one cultural narrative area in the outer city form the narrative spatial structure of the former residences of historical figures, “government construction” and “resident construction” are the main reasons for the loss and destruction of narrative spaces and ordinary life is an important channel for showcasing the history of former residences. The narrative spaces of these residences carry double histories, namely, the development of human history and of city construction.

Originality/value

Different from former studies that focus on the preservation of the single historical building, this study explores the integral logic of historic buildings in the whole city through narrative space theory to get a combination of culture and space.
Grow Online: feasibility and proof of concept study
Authors: Chesnut Ryan P. , Czymoniewicz-Klippel Melina , DiNallo Jennifer M. , Perkins Daniel F.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Digitally delivered, parent-focused interventions (DD-PFIs) are viewed as an important method for supporting child well-being. Few DD-PFIs include health-promotion and general-parenting content, and only some are intended for a universal audience. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a preliminary evaluation of Grow Online, which was designed to address this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods design, including pretests and posttests and semi-structured interviews, was employed to evaluate program feasibility and demonstrate proof of concept.

Findings

Feasibility findings were favorable, which indicates participants were satisfied with the program, liked the main program features, found the content helpful and had a positive experience using the website. Initial recruitment was strong, and engagement with the sessions was high; however, retention was poor with a 73.5 percent attrition rate. Significant pre- to post-changes were found on measures of over-reactive discipline, parenting efficacy, emotion coaching, coping socialization, child physical activity support, rewarding eating and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

Research limitations/implications

Study design and high attrition limit the ability to infer causality and generalize beyond the sample.

Practical implications

Providing support to parents through a universal health-promoting DD-PFI is viable, though issues involving retention need to be given full consideration.

Originality/value

Parents use of technology to access child care information is increasing, but most information online is not evidence-informed. Grow Online fills an important gap in the research and practice of DD-PFIs, and this study’s findings suggest a more rigorous evaluation is merited.
Detonating factors of collaborative innovation from the human capital management
Authors: Diaz-Delgado Maria Fernanda , Gil Hermenegildo , Oltra-Badenes Raul , Martinez-Ardila Hugo Ernesto
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to offer an understanding of the actions which facilitate the open innovation achievement in companies from the management of their human capital. Although innovation contributes to keep competitive advantages in time, small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) hardly innovate because of the high expenses involved. The current problems also demand solutions that incorporate characteristics which are responsible for both the environment and society.

Design/methodology/approach

The actions in the study are called “Detonating factors of innovation,” and they obey the practices taken from a thorough exercise of systematic review on the previous scientific literature in the ISI Wok and Scopus databases for the period 2007-2019. Articles associated with open innovation and organizations were also reviewed, along with those containing detonating factors.

Findings

Human capital is exposed in this study as the primary and fundamental resource of any organization with the capacity to modify and impose the social and environmental factors in the solutions to global problems process. Thus, it was found that the detonating factor is linked to the selection of employee profiles, training, resource availability, incentive models, communication and work environment.

Originality/value

Open innovation literature is based more on large companies than on small ones, and in almost no case is it sought to be a tool for social development, but for technological development. The contribution of this study allows the advancement in the state of the art and also serves as an instrument to inspire SMEs to associate for innovation purposes, apart from including socially and environmentally responsible characteristics.
Effectiveness of social media for weight reduction on overweight undergraduate students in Thailand
Authors: Pattanapongsa Tummatida , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj , Hanvoravongchai Piya , Pekthong Dumrongsak
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Addressing overweight in the population is an important public health challenge. Use of social media such as Facebook has been proposed as a platform to deliver weight loss interventions to influence behavior change to tackle obesity. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of weight loss education and support interventions delivered through online social media (experimental group) vs conventional method (control group).

Design/methodology/approach

The six-month experimental study comprised of a four-month intervention and a two-month follow up from May 2016 to October 2016. All faculties in a university were randomly selected into the experimental or control group. Then, undergraduate students (n=66) were randomly recruited from each faculty into the corresponding groups (experimental group=33 and control group=33). Both groups received health education and support services through either Facebook or the offline support system. The mean differences of main outcomes including body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) between groups at baseline and fourth month and baseline and sixth month were compared usingt-test.

Findings

The results show those in the experimental group had significantly better outcomes in term of BMI and WHtR at the end of four-month intervention with the mean difference (95% CI) at 0.7 (0.1, 1.3) and 0.01 (0.00, 0.01), respectively. The differences at the end of the study, however, became insignificant.

Originality/value

The health education and support services through Facebook can be used in a weight loss promotion program for BMI and WHtR reduction. On a larger scale to replace conventional programs, a long-term continuous measure is needed.
System dynamics analysis of dental caries status among Thai adults and elderly
Authors: Urwannachotima Nipaporn , Hanvoravongchai Piya , Ansah John Pastor , Prasertsom Piyada
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the changes of dental caries status among Thai adults and elderly under the different policy options using system dynamics modeling.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-sector system dynamics model was developed to capture the dynamic interrelationship between dental caries status changes and oral health behavior – including self-care, dental care utilization and sugar consumption. Data used to populate the model was obtained from the Thai national oral health survey in 2000, 2006, 2012 and Thailand Official Statistics Registration. Three policy scenarios were experimented in the model: health promotion policy, dental personnel policy and affordable dental care service policy.

Findings

Dental caries experiences among Thai adults and elderly were projected to increase from now to 2040, as the elderly population increases. Among all policies experimented herein, the combined policies of health promotion, increased affordability and capacity of dental health service were found to produce the highest improvement in dental caries status with 3.7 percent reduction of population with high decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and 5.2 percent increase in population with very low DMFT.

Originality/value

This study is the first comprehensive simulation model that attempts to explore the dynamic interrelationship among dental caries experiences and behavioral factors that impact on oral health outcomes. In addition, the simulation model herein offers a framework for policy experimentation that provides policymakers with additional insights to inform health policy planning.
Analysis of female drivers’ ECG characteristics within the context of connected vehicles
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Guo Yongqing , Chen Chen , Xia Yuanyuan , Liu Yaqi
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the differences of electrocardiograph (ECG) characteristics for female drivers in calm and anxious states during driving.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used various materials (e.g. visual materials, auditory materials and olfactory materials) to induce drivers’ mood states (calm and anxious), and then conducted the real driving experiments and driving simulations to collect driver’s ECG signal dynamic data. Physiological changes in ECG during the stimulus process were recorded using PSYLAB software. The paired T-test analysis was conducted to determine if there is a significant difference in driver’s ECG characteristics between calm and anxious states during driving.

Findings

The results show significant differences in the characteristic parameters of female driver’s ECG signals, including (average heart rate), (atrioventricular interval), (percentage of NN intervals > 50ms), (R wave average peak), (Root mean square of successive), (Q wave average peak) and ( S wave average peak), in time domain, frequency domain and waveform in emotional states of calmness and anxiety.

Practical implications

Findings of this work show that ECG can be used to identify driver’s anxious and calm states during driving. It can be used for the development of personalized driver assistance system and driver warning system.

Originality/value

Only a few attempts have been made on the influence of human emotions on physiological signals in the transportation field. Hence, there is a need for transport scholars to begin to identify driver’s ECG characteristics under different emotional states. This study will analyze the differences of ECG characteristics for female drivers in calm and anxious states during driving to provide a theoretical basis for developing the intelligent and connected vehicles.
Design-of-experiments application in the friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA 8011-h14 for structural application
Authors: Khanna Navneet , Bharati Mahesh , Sharma Prachi , Badheka Vishvesh J.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The demand for aluminium alloys has been increasing in almost all the fields. In this study, the friction stir welding (FSW) of similar aluminium alloy AA 8011-h14 has been presented using three levels of tool rotational speed (n), tool tilt angle (ϴ) and tool feed (f). The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of welding parameters on various properties and time-temperature plots.

Design/methodology/approach

FSW was carried out using the L-9 orthogonal array of welding parameters generated using the Taguchi approach. Visual inspection and radiography testing were conducted to detect the surface and volume defects, respectively. Taguchi analysis was carried out to get optimised welding parameters for tensile testing. The microstructural analysis was carried out for the specimen possessing maximum tensile strength and the obtained grain structures were compared with the microstructure results of the base material. The peak process temperatures were noted and time-temperature plots were analysed for the varying parameters. The maximum value of hardness was recorded and analysed.

Findings

Visual inspection and radiography testing confirmed defect-free joints. The maximum tensile strength achieved was 84.44 MPa with 64.95 per cent efficiency. The optimised parameters obtained using Taguchi analysis for tensile testing were 1,500 rpm, 1° and 50 mm/min. Microstructure analysis for the specimen possessing maximum tensile strength revealed fine and equiaxed grains in the nugget zone. Time-temperature plots suggested the maximum temperature of 389 °C on the advancing side. A maximum hardness value of 36.4 HV was obtained in the nugget zone.

Originality/value

As per the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first attempt for the detailed experimental analysis on the FSW of this particular aluminium alloy AA 8011-h14.
Mediating effect of team trust on the influence of top management team (TMT) processes against HRM decision quality and satisfaction performance
Authors: Chenli Meng , Yuhui Ge , Xihuai Liu , Abrokwah Eugene
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the mediating role of top management team (TMT) team trust in examining the relationship between team processes (internal and external) and human resource management (HRM) decision performance (quality and satisfaction) in the context of the People’s Republic of China.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample data of this study include 524 team members from 76 TMTs in east China’s Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui provinces. IBM SPSS AMOS 22.0 software was employed for the data analysis.

Findings

The study finds that TMT internal and external processes have significant positive effects on HRM decision quality and satisfaction. The study further finds that TMT team trust partially mediates the relationship between TMT processes (internal and external processes) and HRM decision quality and satisfaction.

Practical implications

This research provides useful insights into the role of TMT team trust in enhancing managerial decision performance.

Originality/value

This study is among the limited studies that explore the influence of team trust in the relationship between TMT processes (internal and external processes) and HRM decision quality and satisfaction among TMTs in China. This study has extended TMT knowledge in mainstream management with guidelines on how to enhance organizational decision performance.
Effects of typhoons on an arthropod community centered upon a leaf gall midge, Pseudasphondylia neolitseae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its host plant, Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) through leaf fall and late‐season shoot production
Authors: Yukawa Junichi , Fujimoto Kenji , Ganaha‐Kikumura Tomoko , Kim Wanggyu
Published: December 2019

We evaluated effects of strong typhoons on populations of a gall midge Pseudasphondylia neolitseae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its associated arthropods through leaf fall of the host plant, Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae). The very strong typhoon No. 13 in 1985 (“8513‐Pat”) caused heavy leaf fall particularly on forest edge trees, resulted in the larval death of gall midge and its endoparasitoid Gastrancistrus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The typhoons were not directly responsible for the larval death of an ectoparasitoid Bracon tamabae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and a successor Lasioptera yadokariae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that utilizes vacant galls after the departure of inhabitants. However, reduction in the number of galls possibly made their searching behavior for oviposition sites inefficient because their abundance relies on the gall density. The heavy leaf fall promoted lammas shoot production, which caused the reduction of number and length of the following spring shoots. The shortage of spring shoots must be influential to the gall midge females in searching oviposition sites, and the short spring shoots were not useful for oviposition and larval boring by Oberea hebescens (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). We compared strength of the effects between the typhoons that attacked Kagoshima in 1985 and 1993, and Okinawa in 2015 and 2018, and concluded that typhoons with the maximum instantaneous wind velocity exceeding 50 m/s caused heavy leaf fall and lammas shoot production on N. sericea trees growing at forest edge but not on those inside forest.
Loricrin downregulation and epithelial‐related disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Catunda Raisa , Rekhi Umar , Clark Danielle , Levin Liran , Febbraio Maria
Published: December 2019

Loricrin downregulation has been associated with age‐related changes as well as inherited and inflammatory skin diseases. We hypothesize that changes in loricrin could be more related to altered barrier function and consequently disorders that affect epithelial cells, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), erythrokeratoderma, loricrin keratoderma (LK) and periodontitis. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known about the association between loricrin downregulation and epithelial‐related disorders (ERDs). A search was performed on the following databases: Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar, resulting in 16 included articles. Loricrin keratoderma was the ERD most frequently associated with loricrin mutations (730insG, 709insC and 578insG; 5/7 cases – 71.44 %). Atopic dermatitis was the ERD most frequently associated with loricrin downregulation (2/7 cases – 28.6 %). Mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma, progressive symmetrical erythrokeratoderma and a new type of erythrokeratoderma were not associated with any mutations. At the gene level, periodontitis patients showed the highest decrease (–6.89x), followed by AD (–6.5x) and psoriasis patients (–0.5x). In summary, loricrin mutation and downregulation were associated with several ERDs. The diversity in disease presentation is likely related to whether there is a total loss of loricrin, mislocalization and/or if the mutant form of loricrin causes dysfunction of other proteins and/or changes in cornification.
Transmembrane adaptor protein WBP1L regulates CXCR4 signalling and murine haematopoiesis
Authors: Borna Simon , Drobek Ales , Kralova Jarmila , Glatzova Daniela , Splichalova Iva , Fabisik Matej , Pokorna Jana , Skopcova Tereza , Angelisova Pavla , Kanderova Veronika , Starkova Julia , Stanek Petr , Matveichuk Orest V. , Pavliuchenko Nataliia , Kwiatkowska Katarzyna , Protty Majd B. , Tomlinson Michael G. , Alberich‐Jorda Meritxell , Korinek Vladimir , Brdicka Tomas
Published: December 2019

WW domain binding protein 1‐like (WBP1L), also known as outcome predictor of acute leukaemia 1 (OPAL1), is a transmembrane adaptor protein, expression of which correlates with ETV6‐RUNX1 (t(12;21)(p13;q22)) translocation and favourable prognosis in childhood leukaemia. It has a broad expression pattern in haematopoietic and in non‐haematopoietic cells. However, its physiological function has been unknown. Here, we show that WBP1L negatively regulates signalling through a critical chemokine receptor CXCR4 in multiple leucocyte subsets and cell lines. We also show that WBP1L interacts with NEDD4‐family ubiquitin ligases and regulates CXCR4 ubiquitination and expression. Moreover, analysis of Wbp1l‐deficient mice revealed alterations in B cell development and enhanced efficiency of bone marrow cell transplantation. Collectively, our data show that WBP1L is a novel regulator of CXCR4 signalling and haematopoiesis.
Monetary News Shocks
Authors: BEN ZEEV NADAV , GUNN CHRISTOPHER , KHAN HASHMAT
Published: December 2019

We pursue an empirical strategy to identify a monetary news shock in the U.S. economy. We use a monetary policy residual, along with other variables in a vector autoregression (VAR), and identify a monetary news shock as the linear combination of reduced‐form innovations that is orthogonal to the current residual and that maximizes the sum of contributions to its forecast error variance over a finite horizon. Real GDP declines in a persistent manner after a positive monetary news shock. This contraction in economic activity is accompanied by a fall in inflation and a rapid increase in the nominal interest rate.
Electron Compton scattering and the measurement of electron momentum distributions in solids
Authors: TALMANTAITE A. , HUNT M.R.C. , MENDIS B.G.
Published: December 2019

Electron Compton scattering is a technique that gives information on the electron momentum density of states and is used to characterize the ground state electronic structure in solids. Extracting the momentum density of states requires us to assume the so‐called ‘impulse approximation’, which is valid for large energy losses. Here, the robustness of the impulse approximation in the low energy transfer regime is tested and confirmed on amorphous carbon films. Compared to traditional Compton measurements, this provides additional benefits of more efficient data collection and a simplified way to probe valence electrons, which govern solid state bonding. However, a potential complication is the increased background from the plasmon signal. To overcome this, a novel plasmon background subtraction routine is proposed for samples that are resistant to beam damage.

Lay Description

Properties of solids depend on their electronic structure which can be studied using electron Compton scattering technique. Here, an electron beam is used to penetrate a very thin sample. During the interaction between the electrons in the beam and electrons in the sample, the former transfer a part of their energy to the latter, resulting in a measurable energy loss of the transmitted beam. The amount of the energy transfer depends on the angle of incidence between the beam and the sample. Typically, the experiments are carried out using high tilt angles and high energy transfer; however, in this work, we show that even smaller angles of incidence are suitable, which improve the signal quality and ease data processing procedures.
Lateral airways X‐ray with a history of choking
Authors: Teo Stephen S S , Cheng Alan , Melvin David , Ng Karen , Harris Jodie
Published: December 2019

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Shakespeare's Ariel versus Kālidāsa's Yaksha: Revisiting a comparative study from 19th century Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek
Published: December 2019

My article considers how a lesser‐known Bengali periodical essay of 1884 capitalises on the canonical eminence of Shakespeare's Ariel to establish by contrast the aesthetic and ethical merits of the unnamed yaksha, a semidivine being who forms the protagonist of Kālidāsa's poem Meghadūtam (4th–5th centuries CE). Comparison between Shakespeare and Kālidāsa, the classical Sanskrit poet and dramatist, has been a commonplace of Bengali literary criticism in the 19th century, with inputs from such luminaries as Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay (1887) and Rabindranath Tagore (1907). While the poet Hemchandra Bandyopadhyay eulogised Shakespeare with the aphorism Bhārater Kālidās, jagater tumi (“You are to the world what Kālidāsa is to India”), the other acts of comparison (including the essay's in question) are not so unqualified and effusive. The essay, entitled “Ariel o Yaksha” (Ariel and the Yaksha) and written by one Bishnucharan Chattopadhyay, plays a clever game in that it starts by accepting Shakespeare as a universal favourite and enlists his character Ariel as a yardstick for assessing the yaksha but it then goes on to expose tacitly the bestiality and impetuosity of Ariel when compared with what it finds to be the higher instincts of the yaksha. The essay thus engineers a reversal of the dominant critical opinion by puncturing the aura of nobility ascribed to Ariel and countering the allegation of base sensuality often levelled against Kālidāsa's lovesick yaksha. It attempts an ethical re‐evaluation of Kālidāsa's yaksha and shows Kālidāsa to be more edifying than is often suggested by commentators. The essay gestures towards a nativist and traditionalist agenda but does not fully enunciate it or subscribe to it, thus exemplifying the ambivalence inherent in the (post)colonial modernity of 19th‐century Bengal.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning and the pediatric airway
Authors: Matava Clyde , Pankiv Evelina , Ahumada Luis , Weingarten Benjamin , Simpao Allan
Published: December 2019

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are rapidly expanding fields with increasing relevance in anesthesia and, in particular, airway management. The ability of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to recognize patterns from large volumes of complex data makes them attractive for use in pediatric anesthesia airway management. The purpose of this review is to introduce artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Current evidence and developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning relevant to pediatric airway management are presented. We critically assess the current evidence on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the assessment, diagnosis, monitoring, procedure assistance, and predicting outcomes during pediatric airway management. Further, we discuss the limitations of these technologies and offer areas for focused research that may bring pediatric airway management anesthesiology into the era of artificial intelligence and machine learning.
Incremental short maximal exercise increases urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein in adults without CKD
Authors: Kosaki Keisei , Kamijo‐Ikemori Atsuko , Sugaya Takeshi , Kumamoto Shota , Tanahashi Koichiro , Kumagai Hiroshi , Kimura Kenjiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Maeda Seiji
Published: December 2019

Exercise‐induced redistribution of tissue blood flow decreases the renal blood flow in an exercise intensity‐dependent manner. However, the acute effects of incremental short maximal exercise on renal tubular conditions remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of incremental short maximal exercise on the urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein, which is a highly sensitive tubular biomarker that correlates excellently with peritubular capillary blood flow. A total of 116 adults (aged 24‐83 years) without chronic kidney disease performed the incremental short maximal exercise using a cycling ergometer, wherein the exercise sequence consisted of commencing with a 2‐min workout period at 20 W (as a warm‐up period) and then followed by a 10‐20 W increase every 1 minute until termination criteria were reached. Urinary samples were gathered before and immediately after the exercise to evaluate the concentrations of urinary creatinine, albumin, and liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein. Urinary excretion levels of albumin and liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein were significantly increased post‐exercise (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). Furthermore, the % change in urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein levels after exercise was found to correlate independently with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline, and the % change in urinary albumin (Model R2 = 0.451, P < .001). Our findings suggest that incremental short maximal exercise may lead to acute slightly adverse effects on tubular conditions, especially in young adults or adults with lower renal function, even without chronic kidney disease.
Reliability-Based Multifidelity Optimization Using Adaptive Hybrid Learning
Authors: Li Mingyang , Wang Zequn
Published: December 2019

Most of the existing reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) are not capable of analyzing data from multifidelity sources to improve the confidence of optimal solution while maintaining computational efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel reliability-based multifidelity optimization (RBMO) framework that adaptively integrates both low- and high-fidelity data for achieving reliable optimal designs. The Gaussian process (GP) modeling technique is first utilized to build a hybrid surrogate model by fusing data sources with different fidelity levels. To reduce the number of low- and high-fidelity data, an adaptive hybrid learning (AHL) algorithm is then developed to efficiently update the hybrid model. The updated hybrid surrogate model is used for reliability and sensitivity analyses in solving an RBDO problem, which provides a pseudo-optimal solution in the RBMO framework. An optimal solution that meets the reliability targets can be achieved by sequentially performing the adaptive hybrid learning at the iterative pseudo-optimal designs and solving RBDO problems. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through three case studies.