bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small State Foreign Policy
Authors: Steinsson Sverrir , Thorhallsson Baldur
Published: March 2019

Size matters in international relations. Owing to their unique vulnerabilities, small states have different needs, adopt different foreign policies, and have a harder time achieving favorable foreign policy outcomes than large states. Small states show a preference for multilateral organizations because they reduce the power asymmetry between states, decrease the transaction costs of diplomacy, and impose constraints on large states. Small state security policies vary widely depending on domestic and international conditions. Despite the inherent disadvantages to being small, small states can compensate for the limitations of their size and exert influence on world politics, provided that they use the appropriate strategies.
AKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN KREDIT KONSUMTIF PADA PT. PEGADAIAN SYARIAH UNIT SITEBA
Authors: Syafputri Yulia , Tanjung Mariani St.B
Published: March 2019

Pegadaian Syariah as a distributor and service provider of credit mainly on credit consumptive with a warranty to the public especially, to the public the lower middle class are still many do not know about the activity of granting consumer credit in the . Pegadaian Syariah and the guarantee of what is proposed in the provision of credit services. The purpose of this study is to determine how the activity of granting consumer credit at PT. Pegadaian Syariah Siteba Unit. With the research methods of literature study and field is by interview. The results of the study can be concluded that the activity of granting consumer credit services at PT. Pegadaian Syariah Unit Siteba very well this is indicated on the increase from year to year.
MANAJEMEN RISIKO LIKUIDITAS DI BMT AL IZZAH NGORO MOJOKERTO NGORO MOJOKERTO JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Maknuun Lu’ Lu’ IL
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this research is to find out whether the liquidity risk management applied by BMT Al IZZAH Ngoro Mojokerto. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Unit of analysis is liquidity risk management applied by BMT Al IZZAH Ngoro Mojokerto. Data processing techniques in this research based on Miles and Huberman.Research results can be concluded that BMT Al IZZAH Ngoro Mojokerto in performing risk identification use historic approach and emerge a pattern of yearly cycles and mapping the cash flow. Liquidity risk categorized in third quadrant with low frequency occurs and give severe impact while the risk is come. Risk mitigation focused in preventive action in order to avoid liquidity risk and develop contingency plan. BMT Al IZZAH Ngoro Mojokerto performing monitoring and controlling of liquidity risk, are supported by technology and come along with held an appointment regularly with all employees discuss about financial condition in BMT.
The socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Nigerian and other African Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009-2018
Authors: Sakamoto Arthur , Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Wang Sharron Xuanren , Nelson Courtney
Published: March 2019

Using recent data from the Current Population Survey, we investigate education and wages among second-generation African Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation African Americans, third-and-higher generation African Americans, third-and-higher generation whites, and second-generation whites. The educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian American women furthermore exceeds second-generation Asian American women. After controlling for age, education and disability, the wages of second-generation Nigerian American women have reached parity with third-and-higher generation white women whereas third-and-higher generation African American women have about 11 percent lower wages. After controlling for age, education and disability in the case of men, the wages of second-generation Nigerian American men have reached parity with third-and-higher generation white men whereas third-and-higher generation African American men have about 21 percent lower wages while other second-generation African American men have about 12 percent lower wages than third-and-higher generation white men. Contrary to the usual pattern of socioeconomic disadvantage for African Americans, these results indicate that second-generation Nigerian Americans have exceeded whites in educational attainment and have reached parity with equally-educated whites in terms of wage determination among employed workers. Nonetheless, we view our results as being only suggestive and call for more research on the socioeconomic outcomes of second-generation African Americans who have been relatively neglected in immigration studies.
KASUS GENETIF (MAJRUROT AL-ASMA) DALAM SURAT YASIN (Studi Analisis Sintaksis)
Authors: Anshori Taufiq
Published: March 2019

AbstrakSintaksis membicarakan tentang kata dalam hubungannya dengan kata lain, atau unsur-unsur lain sebagai suatu satuan tujuan ujaran. Untuk memperdalam isim yang dibaca jar (nomina berkasus genetif) dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk dapat mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan isim yang dibaca jar yang ada pada surat Yasin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dimana Peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian library research. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah majrurat al-asma dalam Al-Qur'an surat Yasin. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Al-Qur'an surat Yasin. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kasus genetif (majrurat al-asma) yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an surat Yasin partikel kasus genetif berjumlah 164 data yang terdiri dari: Isim dibaca jar karena terinjuksi huruf jar 108 yaitu 37 huruf jar min, 11 huruf jar illa, 2 huruf jar ‘an, 12 huruf jar ’alla, 14 huruf jar fii, 11 huruf jar ba’, 1 huruf kaaf, 19 huruf jar laam dan 1 huruf qosam. Isim dibaca jar (nomina berkasus genetif) karena berpola annexation (idhofah) 42 data. Berkasus genetif (Isim dibaca jar) karena menjadi bagian konstruksi sintaksis tertentu (followers/tawabi’) 14 data. Desinen kasus genetif (tanda-tanda i’rob jar) dalam Al-Qur’an surat Yasin meliputi: Kasroh, yang terdiri dari nomina tunggal (isim mufrod) 69 data, regular plural (jama’ taksir) 13 data dan 1 feminin regular plural (jama’ muannas salim). Ya, berjumlah 3 data. Fathah, berjumlah 1 data. Berupa interfeted original (masdar muawwal) 1 data, nomina konjugtor (isim mausul) 7 data dan 69 data nomina parmanent (mabni).
Performance and profitability of fungicides for managing soybean white mold: a 10-year summary of cooperative trials
Authors: Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros
Published: March 2019

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a yield-limiting disease of soybean in Brazil. Uniform fungicide trials have been conducted annually since 2009. Data from 74 cooperative field trials conducted over a 10-year period were assembled. We selected five fungicides applied two times around flowering: dimoxistrobin + boscalid (DIMO+BOSC), carbendazim + procymidone (CARB+PROC), fluazinam (FLUZ), fluopyram (FLUO) and procymidone (PROC). In addition, thiophanate-methyl (TMET) applied four times was included as a low-cost treatment, for comparison. Network models were fitted to the log of white mold incidence (%) and sclerotia mass (g/ha) data and to the non-transformed yield (kg/ha) data for each treatment, including untreated check. Lowest and highest mean (95%CI) percent reduction in incidence and sclerotia mass, from back-transforming the meta-analytic estimates, was 54.2 (49.3-58.7) and 51.6 (43.7-58.3) (TMET) and 83.8 (79.1-87.5) and 87 (81.9-91.6) (CARB+PROC), respectively. The overall mean (95%CI) yield responses ranged from 323 (247.4 - 400.3) kg/ha (TMET) to 626 (521.7-731.7) kg/ha (DIMO+BOSC), but the variance was significantly explained by a binary variable (30% threshold) describing disease incidence in untreated check. On average, an increment of 352 kg/ha was estimated for trials where incidence was >30% compared to low-disease scenario. Hence, the probability of breaking even on fungicide costs for high-disease scenario was greater than 65% for the more effective, but more expensive (FLUZ) fungicide than TMET. For the low-disease scenario, profitability was less likely and depended more on variations in fungicide cost and soybean price.
ISM AL-TAFDHĪL DALAM ALQURAN JUZ 1 SAMPAI 10 (ANALISIS MORFOSINTAKSIS)
Authors: Anshori Taufiq
Published: March 2019

AbstrakIsm al-tafdhῑl merupakan sifat yang dibentuk dengan mengikuti wazan أَفْعلُ untuk mudzakar dan فعْلى untuk muannats yang menunjukkan bahwa ada dua hal yang bersekutu akan tetapi salah satu melebihi yang lain dalam sifatnya. Dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut dengan istilah tingkat perbandingan sedangkan dalam bahasa Inggris disebut dengan istilah degree of comparation. Ism al-tafdhῑl ini bersifat unik, artinya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan bahasa lainnya dalam proses dan aturan pembentukannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis ism al-tafdhῑl, fungsi sintaksis sekaligus penanda gramatikal ism al-tafdhῑl yang terdapat dalam Alquran juz 1 sampai 10. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian library research. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan kartu data dan lembar rekapitulasi sebagai instrumen penelitiannya, sedangkan proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purpose sampling. Adapun analisis datanya dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik agih. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ism al-tafdhῑl dalam Alquran juz 1 sampai 10 secara keseluruhan berjumlah 194. Dari semua data tersebut, peneliti memilih 100 untuk dianalisis secara maksimal. Berdasarkan perubahan morfologisnya, terdapat 84 data perubahannya. Berdasarkan jenis pola strukturnya, terdapat 66 data tidak berupa murakkab idhāfi dan tidak dibubuhi. Berdasarkan jenis tingkat perbandingannya, terdapat 66 data komparatif dan 34 data superlatif. Berdasarkan fungsi sintaksisnya, terdapat terdapat 53 data menempati fungsi sintaksis khabar.
MANAJEMEN LABA DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PENGAKUISISI SEBELUM DAN SETELAH AKUISISI
Authors: Maknuun Lu’ Lu’ IL
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of whether the acquirers perform earnings management prior to implementation of the acquisition. This type of research is a comparative study which compares the financial performance before and after the company making acquisitions. Analysis of financial performance is using financial ratios, including profitability, and activity. The results of data analysis shows that there was no indication of earnings management before the acquisitions con-ducted by the acquirer with Increasing income accruals. Furthermore, the company’s financial perfor-mance as measured by the ratio of total asset turnover, net profit margin, returns on assets after the acquisition has a difference in the negative direction. The conclusion is that the acquirers before the acquisition are not convicted of earnings management with increasing income accrual. Acquirer’s fi-nancial performance before and after the acquisitions have a difference, but the condition of the company is in sound condition.
Membangun Iklim Sekolah Untuk Mereduksi Perilaku Agresi Siswa : Bullying dan Cyberbullying
Authors: mardianto
Published: March 2019

Perilaku agresi beruba bullying dan cyberbullying di sekolah merupakan masalah yang harus menjadi perhatian semua pihak baik, guru, kepala sekolah, staf administrasi juga para orang tua, karena perilaku tersebut dapat menggangu proses belajar dan mengajar, baik bagi korban mau pun bagi pelaku sendiri. Sebagai lembaga yang bertanggungjawab dengan perkembangan psikologi peserta didiknya, baik secara intelektual, emosional juga dalam hubungan sosial, maka sekolah wajib menghadirkan iklim yang positif untuk mengembangkan potensi dari pada siswa-siswa tersebut. Beberapa penelitian yang sudah dipaparkan di atas membuktikan bahwa iklim sekolah yang positif dapat mencegah dan mengurangi perilaku agresi siswa baik dalam bentuk bullying amupun cyberbullying.
Tren Pemanfaatan Teknologi Dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Yogica Relsas
Published: March 2019

Pendidikan merupakan usaha yang dilakukan secara sengaja oleh masyarakat dengan tujuan untuk mengubah arah kebudayaan menjadi lebih bermutu dan bermartabat. Pendidikan tersebut terlaksana dalam bentuk informal dan formal. Pendidikan formal merupakan layanan pendidikan yang menjadi landasan untuk terlaksananya program-program pemerintah. Dengan adanya kualifikasi lulusan pendidikan formal, maka masyarakat dapat bekerja pada instansi-instansi pemerintah, badan, atau perusahaan lainnya. Sehingga pendidikan formal menjadi salah satu alasan untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak. Karena adanya kontrol pemerintah tersebut, maka pemerintah melakukan banyak hal untuk mewujudkan amanat Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Alinea Ke-4; Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Salah satu usaha adalah dengan melakukan regulasi kurikulum. Meskipun terjadi perubahan kurikulum secara berulang, namun syarat proses terlaksananya pembelajaran adalah perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. Semua syarat proses tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan. Ketiganya menjadi suatu kesatuan kompleks tak terpisahkan. Masing-masing dari ketiga syaratproses tersebut mengandung unsur-unsur penunjang. Pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran, terlaksana dan sukses jika ada strategi pembelajaran yang tepat guna, metode mengajar yang inovatif dan solutif, dan media instruksional yang motivatif.
Review Jurnal "The Development of Digital Economy in Indonesia"
Authors: Oetama Nathania Sherly
Published: March 2019

Kemajuan teknologi di Indonesia sangat berkembang pesat, khususnya di bidang keuangan. Layanan keuangan berbasis digital sangat diminati oleh generasi milenial sekarang ini.
MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Suliyarti Riri
Published: March 2019

Pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan sangat penting agar sarana dan prasarana pendidikan terpelihara dengan baik dan tepat. Semua pihak sekolah baik kepala sekolah, peserta didik, maupun tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan berkewajiban untuk melakukan pemeliharaan sarana prasarana dengan baik secara bersama-sama. Jika sarana dan prasarana pendidikan di sekolah terpelihara dengan baik dan benar, tentu akan berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Dengan terawatt dan terjaganya sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, maka akan dapat berfungsi dan diguakan sesuai dengan yang seharusnya.
باختيار: المغيث فى تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمها
Authors: Panggabean Syaiful Rahmat
Published: March 2019

Buku sederhana merupakan kumpulan materi-materi yang penting untuk dipelajari dalam penguasaan bahasa Arab, baik dalam belajar maupun mengajarkannya. Materi dalam dipaparkan di pisahkan dalam 8 fasal yang meliputi al-Ibaarah al-ishtilahiyyah, af'aal mutaaddiyah bi harf jarr, taraaduf, ma'aani al-Sharfy, al-zaman al-Nahwy, Tahwiib al-Akhtaa, al-Kalimaat alkatsirah al-Wuruud dan al-naql Kitaabi (transliterasi). Diharapkan dengan paparan materi ini dalam buku ini mampu mengantisipasi berbagai kesalahan yang terjadi dalam (proses) belajar bahasa Arab di Indonesia yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Ibu dan perbedaan struktur bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Arab. Buku dapat dijadikan bahan referensi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, baik di madrasah, pesantren bahkan perguruan tinggi khususnya program studi Bahasa Arab.
Social context and the real-world consequences of social anxiety
Authors: Hur Juyoen , DeYoung Kathryn A. , Islam Samiha , Anderson Allegra S. , Barstead Matthew , Shackman Alexander J.
Published: March 2019

Social anxiety lies on a continuum, and young adults with elevated symptoms are at risk for developing a range of debilitating psychiatric disorders. Yet, relatively little is known about the factors that govern the hour-by-hour experience and expression of social anxiety in daily life. Here, we used smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to intensively sample emotional experience across different social contexts in the daily lives of 228 young adults selectively recruited to represent a broad spectrum of social anxiety symptoms. Leveraging data from over 11,000 real-world assessments, results highlight the central role of close friends, family members, and romantic partners. The presence of close companions is associated with enhanced mood, yet socially anxious individuals have smaller confidant networks and spend less time with their close companions. Although higher levels of social anxiety are associated with a general worsening of mood, socially anxious individuals appear to derive larger benefits—lower levels of negative affect, anxiety, and depression—from the presence of their closest companions. In contrast, variation in social anxiety was unrelated to the amount of time spent with strangers, co-workers, and acquaintances; and we uncovered no evidence of emotional hypersensitivity to less-familiar individuals. Collectively, these findings provide a framework for understanding the deleterious consequences of social anxiety in emerging adulthood and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.
Memory specificity, but not perceptual load, affects susceptibility to misleading information
Authors: Farina Francesca , Greene Ciara
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of perceptual load in eyewitness memory accuracy and susceptibility to misinformation at immediate and delayed recall. Despite its relevance to real-world situations, previous research in this area is limited. A secondary aim was to establish whether trait-based memory specificity can protect against susceptibility to misinformation. Participants (n=264) viewed a 1-minute video depicting a crime and completed a memory questionnaire immediately afterwards and one week later. Memory specificity was measured via an online version of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). We found a strong misinformation effect, but no effect of perceptual load on memory accuracy or suggestibility at either timepoint. Memory specificity was a significant predictor of accuracy for both neutrally phrased and leading questions, though the effect was weaker after a one-week delay. Results suggest that specific autobiographical memory, but not perceptual load, enhances eyewitness memory and protects against misinformation.
Isolation and Genomic Identification of Salmonella Pullorum in the Poultry Farms of Nepal
Authors: Khanal D.R. , Pokhrel R. , Bajracharya N. , Khanal S. , Shrestha P.
Published: March 2019

In the present study, Salmonella pullorum bacteria were isolated from 30 liver samples of poultry collected during the postmortem examination of suspected cases of pullorum disease from five major poultry producing districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kavre and Chitwan) of central Nepal in 2014. After isolating bacterial colonies from 30 samples in Brilliant Green Agar (BGA) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar media, biochemical tests carried out for the identification of bacteria. On carbohydrate fermentation tests, 25 isolates showed metabolic characteristics typical for Salmonella while genomic analysis performed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by amplifying Salmonella pullorum specific rfbs gene (187 bp) targeting Adenine residue at 237 positions confirmed that 18 isolates were from poultry suffering from pullorum disease. Present result warranted the need for routine biochemical and genomic investigations for better understanding of the species of Salmonella prevalent and subsequent adoption of suitable control strategy in the poultry operation.
Study of Antibiotic Resistance on Escherichia Coli in Commercial Poultry of Nepal
Authors: Khanal T. , Raut S.B. , Paneru U.
Published: March 2019

The continuous use of antibiotics in compound feed at sub-therapeutic level has been an integral part of commercial poultry production in Nepal, which is one of the factors that promotes bacterial resistance. Hence, with the objective to determine antibiotic resistance in commercial poultry of Nepal, this study was designed taking Escherichia coli as a flagship bacterium. The commercial layers and broilers birds brought to veterinary teaching hospital of Agriculture and Forestry University by commercial poultry producers for disease diagnosis and treatment were considered as clinical examination of birds were carried out followed by post mortem examination (PME). Those layer/broiler birds which were not taking antibiotic orally or parenterally for last 2 weeks and diagnosed with collibacillosis on PME were included in sampling frame. Air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis, fibrinous perihepatitis, and coligranuloma were major criteria for presumptive diagnosis of colibacillosis on PME. The first 40 for both broiler and layer birds totaling 80 that fulfilled the criteria were selected as samples, each representing a commercial farm. All necessary information on daily management practices and previous treatments were obtained from farmer’s record book or sheets or face to face interview. Avian pathogenic E. coli was isolated from aseptically collected liver samples and confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibiogram of the isolates were investigated by means of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. E. coli was isolated from all liver samples taken for the culture. It was found that E. coli were resistant most substantially towards Cephalexin (81.2%) and Amoxycillin (81.2%) followed by Tetracycline (78.8%), Colistin sulphate (n=50, 62.5%). Chloramphenicol (61.2%), Ciprofloxacin (55.0%), Enrofloxacin (53.8%), Levofloxacin (28.8%), however, no resistance was found against amikacin. The proportion of E. coli isolates that were resistance against Colistin sulphate (p<0.05), Chloramphenicol (p< 0.05), Tetracycline (p<0.001), Ciprofloxacin (p<0.01), Enrofloxacin (p<0.05) and Gentamicin (p<0.01) were significantly higher in layers compared to that of broilers. In conclusion, avian pathogenic E. coli were resistant towards several antibiotic molecules commonly used in commercial poultry of Nepal, and the resistance was higher in layers compared to broilers.
Effects of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreak in Nepal from Financial and Social Perspectives: A Case Study
Authors: Karki S.
Published: March 2019

The outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 have serious public health, economic and social implications. After the first two report of HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Nepal in Jhapa in 2009, a third outbreak was reported in Pokhara the following year where more than 11,000 birds were culled to control the disease. However, the financial and social effects of the Pokhara bird flu outbreak were never assessed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the local financial and social effects of HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Pokhara and to understand farmers and consumers perceptions on bird flu and the control measures implemented by the government. A total of 200 people including poultry farmers, butchers, veterinary drug dealers, feed suppliers, and consumers were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire. The result showed that the direct loss of Pokhara bird flu outbreak from the culling of birds was more than 4.5 million Nepali rupees. The small scale commercial and backyard farmers and the butchers were the most affected from this outbreak. A large proportion of the consumers temporarily stopped to consume chicken meat and shifted to other meat sources. Most of the participants in this study had at least heard about the bird flu. The farmers were unhappy by the compensation provided by the government and perceived that the government control efforts were not satisfactory and were provided little assistance for their rehabilitation. In conclusion, there was a momentary local financial and social effect of the Pokhara bird flu outbreak which may not very important from the macroeconomic point of view but is important for the affected small-scale farmers and the butchers. It is recommended that the government review their policy and provide small scale commercial and backyard farmer a compensation that is closer to the market price and promote largescale poultry farmers to go for insurance.
Commercial Fattening of Buffalo Calves for Economic Meat Production
Authors: Banjade J. , Devkota N.R. , Yadav D.K. , Chaudhry N.P.
Published: March 2019

An experiment was conducted on buffalo calves at Livestock farm of Regional Agriculture Research Station, Khajura, Nepal aiming to strengthen practice of commercial fattening. Experiment was done for a period of 7 months during the year 2015 with the main objective to develop low cost buffalo fattening technology emphasizing feeding management. Sixteen male buffalo calves aged 10-12 months were purchased from livestock haat bazaar at Rambhapur, Banke district and from farmers' field. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 treatments each replicated four times. The treatment details were T1: Control- Farmer's practice, T2: Feed 1 + roughage adlib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio), T3: Feed 2 (Urea 2% and molasses 10 % of concentrate) + roughage ad lib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio),T4: Feed 3 (Oil seed cakes 20 %, soybean cake 10 %, urea 1%, Molasses 5 % of concentrate) + roughage ad lib (straw and green at 3:1 ratio). The dry matter requirement was fulfilled at the rate of 3 % of body weight. The concentrate was supplied at the rate of 25 % of total dry matter requirement and rest were fulfilled from roughages i.e straw and green forage at the ratio of 3:1. The buffalo calves were vaccinated against FMD and HS. Drenching was done at the beginning and during middle of the experiment. The results showed that the significantly higher average daily gain (g) was found for T2 (508.34 g) followed by T4 (503.57). Based on economic analysis the net benefit per animal was found highest on T3 i.e urea molasses supplemented group without soybean cake supplementation Rs 2853.
Beneficial Effects of Stinging Nettle Supplementation on Milk Production
Authors: Khanal D.R. , Tiwari I , Bastola R. , Upreti C.R.
Published: March 2019

After having demonstrated the beneficial effects of stinging nettle supplementation in poultry and pigs, a month long on-station pilot trial in 10 lactating cattle of second to third stage of parity at Cattle Research Programme at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur was carried out. Daily supplementation of 20 gm nettle powder to dairy cattle resulted in enhanced milk production by 0.9 litres on an average compared to milk yield before nettle supplementation (3.2 litres/day versus 4.1 litres/day). After the on-station pilot trial; an on-farm trial in Tanahun, 150 km west of Kathmandu was carried out in 12 lactating Jersey cross cows by daily supplementation of 20 gm (T1) and 40 gm (T2) of nettle powder in two groups (n=4 cows/group) of cattle and productive performance was compared with control. Milk yield in terms of quantity and quality was recorded one week prior and during nettle supplementation. Qualitative analysis of milk samples was done every 14 days to measure levels of milk fat, solid non-fat and milk protein using Lactoscan. Available data on on-farm trial showed that there was increment in milk production in both treatment (T1 and T2) groups by 8.08% and 10.19%, respectively against control. Similarly, fat percentage was also increased compared to fat level prior to nettle supplementation in both T1 (3.52% vs. 4.15%) and T2 (3.46% vs. 4.46%) groups while in control group there was very negligible change (3.24% vs. 3.33%). Likewise, there were also remarkable increment in solid non-fat (SNF) and milk protein in nettle fed groups against control. Furthermore, overall body condition score in nettle supplemented group was better than that of control towards the end of supplementation. Our findings exhibited the beneficial effects of stinging nettle supplementation in enhancing the quantity and quality milk yield besides improving body condition score of the dairy cattle.
Progressive Pathological Changes in Sub-clinical Experimental Para-tuberculosis in Goats
Authors: Singh U.M. , Tripathi B.N. , Paliwal O.P.
Published: March 2019

An experiment was carried out to study the development of sequential histological lesions and efficacy of certain diagnostic tests in experimentally induced subclinical paratuberculosis infection in goats. Twelve goats of 8-12 weeks age were infected with 4.23 x 109 Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis on 8 occasions. Eight goats were kept as in-contact controls and 4 as uninfected controls. Diagnostic tests, gross and histopathological studies were carried out at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-infection. Two goats were positive in the AGID test at 12MPI. Three goats, one at 9 MPI and two at 12 MPI were positive in faecal culture. Tissue PCR detected one goat positive each at 9 and 12 MPI. Six (50%) of 12 infected goats had gross and histological lesions. Marked enlargements of the mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in the early stages (3 and 6 months post infection) of infection. Mucosal thickening and corrugation of the jejunal and ileal mucosae, enlargement and oedema of the mesenteric lymph nodes, dilatation of lymphatics and gelatinisation of mesenteric fat were observed in goats euthanised at 9 and 12 MPI. Histological lesions consisting of flat and broad villi with mild infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal villi and crypts were common at 3 MPI and 6 MPI. Focal infiltration of macrophages in Peyer's patches and giant cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes at 6 MPI. Broadened villi and increased infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages with Langhan's giant cells were observed in the villi and crypts at 9 MPI and 12 MPI goats. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in 3 goats, one each at 6, 9 and 12 MPI.
Accuracy of Pregnancy Diagnosis with Commercially Available Progesterone Kit in Dairy Cows
Authors: Sah A.K. , Bastola R. , Pandeya Y.R. , Pathak L. , Acharya M.P. , Khanal D.R.
Published: March 2019

Present study was carried out for the accuracy of commercially available progesterone ELISA kit at NCRP farm in the fiscal year 2015/16. Twenty crossbred Jersey and Holstein dairy cows were selected at different time periods of post insemination. Blood serum was collected in those animals and progesterone was quantified with the commercially available progesterone ELISA kit. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by rectal palpation and Ultrasonography (USG) as a Gold standard and compared for the accuracy to ELISA kit. Results of the ELISA kit revealed the accuracy of the kit to be only 80 % with high sensitivity 92 % and very low specificity 57 % at 95 % confidence interval. Out of twenty artificially inseminated cows, thirteen were pregnant and seven were non-pregnant by the Gold standard test with their significantly different mean progesterone (at P < 0.05) 8.93±1.10 ng/ml and 4.36±1.21 ng/ml respectively. Hence, it can be used in the early pregnancy diagnosis at only after 24 days of the insemination, however, progesterone quantification by ELISA is not the confirmatory tests for the pregnancy diagnosis as this results accuracy of only 80 %.
Prevalence of Blood Parasites in Dogs of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Phuyal S. , Jha V.C. , Subedi M.
Published: March 2019

Study in blood parasitic diseases in dog was carried out from August 2014 to November 2014 to find out the prevalence of haemoparasites in clinical cases of hyperthermia in dogs. Blood sample from 50 cases of hyperthermia were collected and examined for any blood parasites by the smear method. The haematological parameter (RBC, WBC, PCV, Hb, & DLC) of each sample was also assessed and analyzed. Data was analyzed to determine prevalence of various species of blood parasites to establish the correlation of the infections with age, sex and breed. Out of 50 samples examined, blood parasites were determined in 12 percent samples of which 2(4%) were positive for Babesia canis and 4 (8%) were positive for Ehrlichia spp. The percentage of infection was greater in female 4(16.67%) than male 2(7.14%). The prevalence of blood parasite was higher in German shepherd. The prevalence of blood parasite was higher in 2-4 years of dogs. To determine significant difference between the hematological parameter of infected and non-infected cases, t-test was need (R, version 3.0.3). The confidence level for the analysis was set at 95percent with significance level assessed at p< 0.05. The study between the infected and non-infected host revealed statistically significant difference in PCV, Neutrophil and Eosinophil. Whereas other parameters did not have any significant difference. The mean PCV was significantly low (P <0.05) in infected dog than in non-infected dog. Mean Neutrophil was significantly decreased whereas Eosinophil was increased in infected dogs than in non-infected dogs.
Milk Marketing and Dairy Value Chain Development in Nepal in Relation with Climate Resilience Effort in the Present Context
Authors: Sharma B.
Published: March 2019

Nepal is agricultural country with a special focus on dairy sub-sector. Almost 80% of milk in market, which have been produced by small holder farmers with a well- developed dairy value chain. Ministry of Livestock Development (MoLD) has given due importance for milk production providing support on feed and forage programs to the farmers as well as introducing crossbreeding programs to uplift the genetics of local cattle and buffaloes. By 2018, the country shall be self-sufficient in milk production, where the requirement of 91 lit of milk per person per year is expected to be achieved. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) emerges as a major health hazard in dairy sector apart from Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) and black quarter (BQ). The incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis is still high in dairy pocket areas. Moreover, the seasonal fluctuation of milk production is hampering the growth of dairy sector. The need of product diversification and powder milk production are of immense important in long run to sustain dairy sub-sector in Nepal. MOLD has given priority for four pillars for livestock development namely animal feed, animal breeds, animal health and livestock marketing. That sector on balanced development program will lead to increase on milk, meat, eggs, nutrition, and food security in the nation.
SIKAP MOTIVASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA POLITEKNIK KRIDATAMA
Authors: Selvi Evi , Untari Dewi
Published: March 2019

This study discusses the motivation and development of entrepreneurial spirit Kridatama Polytechnic Bandung students request an understanding of entrepreneurship as a whole. The method used in this study is qualitative data which is presented in the form of words, not in the form of numbers, from this study are students of the third semester of the Entrepreneurship Course at Kridatama Polytechnic Bandung who gathered 98 students. The results of the discussion addressed that the Kridatama Polytechnic Bandung Students did not yet have the confidence needed and the development of entrepreneurial motivation. From the interviews of Kridatama Polytechnic students, they needed a lot of entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship seminars and Bandung Kridatama Polytechnic students who still needed a lot of information for the development of entrepreneurial spirit. The Kridatama Polytechnic that has been formed comes from the first skills that shape mental attitudes, form superior personalities who are good at initiating and can coordinate their business activities.
Formal Managerial Meetings: Are they effective or not?
Authors: Zarsheen Fareha , Maqsood Azra
Published: March 2019

Meetings have become a formality that often ensures “lots of talk about work but less work’. It is due to this reason that the term is now widely detested in the corporate world, although it is still widely used. A study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of meetings in a corporate outfit. The study provides an insight into what managers feel about the scores of meetings that they attend but also discusses how the meetings could improve better communication in the future.The research for this study has been conducted through a questionnaire, along with observations, interviews and personal experiences of the managerial level employees.
XML Gateway for Heterogeneous Distributed Database Management Systems
Authors: Memon Aslam Parvez , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Conventional standalone application development paradigm is being transformed into multi-layered application development process. The main reason of transformation is the execution environment— particularly internetworking. The above mentioned transformation requires major changes in the platforms i.e. Hardware, Software, application development tools, and database management systems. This study especially focuses on the data related issues of applications, running on distributed platforms. The key attributes of distributed applications’ data include Autonomy, Distribution and Heterogeneity. Autonomy of DBMS can be defined as a degree to which a database management system can operate independently, which can be implemented at design, communication and execution level. Distribution deals with data distribution on diverse network platforms. Database Management System components can vary in Data Model, Data Structure, Query Languages, Data Manipulation, Schema, Operating System, Hardware, Location. The Databases that differ in these are termed as Heterogeneous Databases. Today’s applications often need integration of databases deployed on variety of platforms and possibly supporting different data models and data structures. It seems very difficult to implement the above stated attributes in different database management systems provided by various vendors. In order to integrate the information from heterogeneous data sources, it is necessary to form a gateway or mediator architecture. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a portable data definition and transportation language. One of the major applications of XML is to provide the mediation between two or more heterogeneous databases. This study aims at designing a prototype for accessing heterogeneous data sources using XML standard. Additionally the comparative study of Databases and XML has been carried out to present XML as potential candidate for data modeling and data definition requirements of any application. Furthermore an interactive data cleaning, analysis and transformation model has been added to integrate the diverse data and perform variety of data cleaning operations.
Application of Business Intelligence in Banks (Pakistan)
Authors: Jaffri Syed Ata Hussain , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: March 2019

The financial services industry is rapidly changing.Factors such as globalization, deregulation, mergers and acquisitions, competition from non-financial institutions, and technological innovation, have forced companies to re-think their business. Many large companies have been using BusinessIntelligence (BI) computer software for some years to help them gain competitive advantage. With the introduction of cheaper and more generalized products to the market place BI is now in the reach of smaller and medium sized companies. Business Intelligence is also known asknowledge management, management information systems (MIS), Executive information systems (EIS) and On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP).
An Analysis of Job Satisfaction Level of Faculty Members at the University of Sindh
Authors: Shah Shamail , Jalees Tariq
Published: March 2019

The focus of the study is to ascertain the overall satisfaction level of the faculty members at the University of Sindh.Based on literature surveys five different predictor variables were identified: the job, supervisors, promotion, pay, and coworkers. A theoretical framework was developed that was inclusive of all the required dependent and independentvariables. Eight different hypotheses were developed for testing. Data for testing the hypothesis was collected through a closed ended questionnaire based on the Likert scale. The questionnaires administered were based on 27 items. Seven items were related to personal data, and the rest 20 were related to measuring the overall satisfaction level. The appropriate sample size was 40. However, as there were 44 departments, therefore, stratifiedproportionate and non-proportionate sampling techniqueswere used, which increased the sample size to 105. Of the 105 samples 100 samples were valid.Eight hypotheses were formulated and tested thoughANOVA, Z test and correlation techniques. The overallsatisfaction level was 4.7 on a scale of (1-7). Of the eight hypothesis, five were substantiated and three were rejected.
Geographic Information Systems for Appraisal of Spatial Disparities of Air Pollution in Karachi
Authors: Arsalan Mudassar Hassan
Published: March 2019

Air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting the developed as well as developing countries around the world. Continuous growth of human induced unchecked sources of pollution is the pivotal point of this burgeoning problem.GIS has largely been employed for environmental inquiries in the developed world. In Pakistan, these technologies are in their introductory phases. However, it is a pioneering attempt of using Geographic Information Systems to evaluate the spatial variations of air pollution. The study area is Karachi metropolis, the largest city in Pakistan. Traffic and industrial activity have been identified as the major sources of pollution in Karachi. The ultimate Risk Zone map is clearly demonstrating the spatial patterns of air pollution in Karachi. The built-up localities of old city area, Landhi Korangi industrial/residential area, and SITE Industrial region are under high risks on an aggregate level.
Acoustic Analysis of Phonetics of Arabic Script Sindhi Language to evaluate Vowel-Consonant Segmentation
Authors: Khawaja Muhammad Asif , Haider Najmi G.
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes an efficient speech recognition method for any spoken language of the world in general and Arabic script languages, including Arabic, Urdu, and Sindhi etc, in particular. For the purpose, Sindhi has been selected as an example language, since it has a superset of all other Arabic script languages’ phonemes and research has been conducted in two major areas including the definition and refinement of standard phonemes for Sindhi language comprising of vowels, semi-vowels, diphthongs, and consonants as defined by International Phonetic Association (IPA) and acoustic analysis of phonetics for Sindhi which includes analysis of waveforms, Linear Predictive Coefficient (LPC), and spectrographic characterizations, especially formants, of some of the phonemes, to identify the categorical properties of these phonemes and their boundary detection in an utterance. The objective is to provide a guideline and solid foundation for development of efficient speech recognition systems for Sindhi language in particular and all Arabic script languages in general.
Mobile Database Computing Performance Related Issues and Replication with Recommendations
Authors: Ahmed Khubaib , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Analyzing characteristics of wireless medium and mobile hosts, provide typical performance related issues considered for mobile database design considerations to improve mobile database computing. In this paper we investigate issues that need to be addressed in mobile database development suitable for mobile computing environment and then provide high-level mobile database model. We are considering GSN based mobile network provided with data services to mobile clients accessing database server via small mobile phones, where limited bandwidth, instability of wireless environment and limited resourced mobile phones require light weight mobile database, keeping frequently access objects at mobile phone to improve performance and provides high data availability for disconnected operations. We also propose scheme along with simulation study which identify most frequently accessed objects to ensure high data availability for small memory mobile phones.
Senior Citizens: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Salahuddin Khalid , Jalbani Amanat Ali
Published: March 2019

Aging is a natural phenomenon. The impact of socio economic pressures has constrained to change life styles. Pakistan is no exception. More and more people demanding independent family units have been forced to rearrange family structures, therefore, joint family system is becoming unpopular. Work demands, transfers and posting and relocation have contributed to this phenomenon. On the other hand, under present socio economic conditions, in developing countries, family support is diminishing. The government welfare systems are almost non existent. The destitute elderly have no support to bank upon. Through this study we have examined the problems of elderly in Pakistan and also analyzed the government and other initiatives taken towards redressal of these problems.
RECOGNITION OF SURNAMES IN CZECH LEGISLATION AND JUDICATURE
Authors: Hrnčiříková Miluše , Valentová Lucia
Published: March 2019

There are more thent 13 milion EU citizens livinig outside of the country of their nationality and the recognition of their legal status, incl . their names and surnames, is often essential for the maintenance of their personal and cultural identity . This article focuses on the allowed form and recognition of surnames of natural persons in the EU . This question will be examined within the Czech legal system, but the emphasis will be placed on the case-law of European courts that greatly affects and shapes this area of law in the EU member states . The regulation of surnames represents questions of the national, international and European law, as well as privat law, public law and primary and secondary Union law
THE CONCEPT OF SELF-DEFENSE IN AMERICAN AND POLISH LEGAL SYSTEMS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ginszt Katarzyna , Ginszt Jakub
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of self-defense in Polish and American law . Currently, there are attempts to widen the scope of necessary self-protection in Polish legislation and to implement provisions which allow for using greater degree of force by a person attacked at home . The justification of the draft refers to the American law which is more developed in the context of the defense of habitation . Thus, the article provides an analysis of existing legal solutions in American criminal law concerning e .g . the legal definition of self-defense, the use of deadly force, the duty to retreat, the castle doctrine and the provisions which expand this doctrine in comparison with the parallel legal solutions existing in Poland .