bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SAÚDE SEXUAL NA TERCEIRA IDADE: PREVENÇÃO E DIAGNÓSTICO DE INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS
Authors: Pereira Mariana Lanuza Campos , Guimarães Marina Amédée Péret , Mendes Matheus Fortunato , Dayrell Sophia Perrupato , Vieira Luisa Trindade
Published: November 2024

As Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) são um problema de saúde pública em todas as faixas etárias, incluindo a população idosa. O envelhecimento populacional e a atividade sexual nessa faixa etária, associada à falta de conhecimento e à ausência de prevenção, têm contribuído para o aumento da incidência de ISTs nessa faixa etária. Este estudo visa destacar a importância da conscientização sobre as ISTs na população idosa, abordando fatores de risco, desafios no diagnóstico e estratégias de prevenção. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, considerando artigos em português, inglês ou espanhol. A revisão revelou um aumento na incidência de HIV, sífilis e HPV entre idosos, influenciado pela falta de uso de preservativos, múltiplos parceiros sexuais e o estigma social. A promoção de campanhas educativas e o incentivo ao uso de preservativos são fundamentais para reduzir a incidência de ISTs nessa população.

Palavras-chave: Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, HIV/AIDS, Saúde do idoso, Idoso, Sexualidade
SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA OFICINA DE ACOLHIMENTO SOCIOEMOCIONAL
Authors: Prudencio Adriana Cristina Madalena , Caldas Ivete Furtado Ribeiro , Soeiro Ana Cristina Vidigal
Published: November 2024

O acolhimento socioemocional foi escolhido como tema da oficina em razão da identificação de demandas suscitadas no cenário da Faculdade Adventista da Amazônia (FAAMA). Tal constatação originou-se da observação do cotidiano institucional, haja vista que os estudantes precisam administrar as exigências e o ritmo das atividades acadêmicas, realidade que traz inúmeras repercussões à saúde física e mental.
O público-alvo inclui estudantes recém ingressos na instituição, visto que os meses iniciais de contato com o ambiente universitário são uma importante etapa de adaptação à universidade. Assim, pretende-se que a oficina possa estimular a promoção da saúde mental por meio do desenvolvimento de competências socioemocionais, as quais são fundamentais para lidar com os desafios trazidos pelo confronto com o cotidiano universitário.
Por fim, em se tratando da Faculdade Adventista da Amazônia (FAAMA), espera-se que a sequência didática da oficina contribua ao aprimoramento das ações de ensino desenvolvidas em nível institucional. Tal objetivo se torna relevante, considerando que há estudantes que residem no mesmo local onde estudam, sob o regime de internato. Assim, favorecer a adaptação ao ambiente acadêmico poderá repercutir de modo favorável na melhora da qualidade de vida e na saúde mental, com impactos no aprendizado e no desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes.
O futuro do trabalho e a regulação global: Direito, Inteligência Artificial (IA), Tecnologias Inovadoras e a Educação na Construção das Profissões do Século XXI
Authors: Cabral Gladys Nogueira , Rocha Bruna Beatriz da , Carvalho Gabriel Nascimento de , Ivanicska Rebeca Freitas , Ischkanian Sandro Garabed , Ischkanian Simone Helen Drumond
Published: November 2024

Coletânea de artigos que abordam temas fundamentais da contemporaneidade, refletindo o diálogo entre educação, inclusão, tecnologia e direito. A riqueza e profundidade dos textos são fruto da dedicação dos autores em explorar como a inteligência artificial (IA), as tecnologias assistivas e as plataformas digitais estão remodelando o cenário educacional. A amplitude dos temas contempla desde o uso de aplicativos e ferramentas digitais para o aprendizado inclusivo de estudantes típicos e atípicos até o papel transformador da realidade aumentada e virtual na compreensão de conceitos abstratos.
A musicalização para bebês estimulando o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional
Authors: Barbosa Luana Sousa
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência, realizado pela professora Lucia Ana de Sousa e as auxiliares Luana Sousa Barbosa e Eliene Maria de Souza da EMEI Sonho de Criança, Berçário II D e Berçário II C, no ano de 2024. Após estudos do Projeto Leitor, com a temática: musicalização para bebês.
Veinticinco años de antropología de Iberoamérica en la Universidad de Salamanca
Authors: Espina Barrio Angel Baldomero
Published: November 2024

Se compendian en el artículo los hitos principales de los últimos veinticinco años de la especialidad de “Antropología de Iberoamérica” en la Universidad de Salamanca. Los inicios de la disciplina, en los que sirvió de privilegiado “puente” académico entre los países latinoamericanos y Portugal, con el Estudio salmantino, institución que, en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, experimentó un evidente proceso de internacionalización. Los programas de intercampus, las redes académicas establecidas, los congresos internacionales, las publicaciones y especialmente los programas docentes, primero de doctorado y después también de master, ayudaron sobremanera a conseguir un intercambio, un trabajo y un contacto fluido entre profesores y alumnos de ambos lados del Atlántico. En esa tarea, la Antropología de Iberoamérica pensamos que fue pionera y desempeñó, en conjunción con algunas otras especialidades, un papel muy importante para la universidad salmantina, que prosigue en la actualidad, incluso ampliando su acción a los países asiáticos, sin descuidar nunca Portugal. En colaboración con instituciones como el Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas de Castilla y León, el Centro de Estudios Brasileños o el Centro Cultural Hispano-Japonés, entre otras, y con ayuda de afamados antropólogos ibéricos e iberoamericanos, la Antropología de Iberoamérica aglutinó múltiples iniciativas académicas, sociales, docentes e investigadoras, que se especifican en detalle, realizándose un balance de lo llevado a cabo y una prospectiva de lo que, especialmente tras el embate de la pandemia del covid 19, se puede acometer en el futuro.
mirada etnohistorica hacia la performance flamenca «tradicional»
Authors: Caubel Vivien
Published: November 2024

En este artículo, intento demostrar que desde finales del siglo XIX se ha desarrollado una concepción íntima y clásica del espectáculo flamenco, que se sitúa igualmente en las fronteras de los ámbitos familiar y profesional, y analizar cómo evoluciona con el tiempo la estética músico-coreográfica y la dimensión participativa de este espectáculo de flamenco clásico. La primera parte muestra cómo las evoluciones escenográficas y estéticas que experimentó la actuación flamenca a medida que se incorporaba a la industria del espectáculo española e internacional, apuntalaron la estructuración de un movimiento popular e intelectual para salvaguardar los cantes flamencos antiguos. Muestro después como las acciones cruzadas de intelectuales, artistas y aficionados contribuyeron al renacimiento neoclásico del género flamenco, así como al desarrollo de una concepción íntima, participativa y no espectacular de la performance. Concepciones que las peñas flamencas se apropian y transmiten. A continuación, basándose en un estudio etnográfico dedicado a la escena flamenca de Cádiz, la segunda parte pone de relieve cómo las peñas y sus concepciones estéticas e intimistas del espectáculo se adaptan a las consecuencias locales de la internacionalización del flamenco.
L'osservazione partecipante. Un topos metodologico problematico
Authors: D'AGOSTINO Gabriella
Published: November 2024

Si, como es bien sabido, la investigación de campo tiene su origen mucho antes de Malinowski, es igualmente sabido que el método etnográfico basado en la observación participante se asume, desde los años veinte, como el fundamento de la investigación antropológica y del estatuto científico del conocimiento que produce. El ensayo pretende destacar las cuestiones relacionadas con la teoría y la práctica de la investigación en Malinowski, llenas de implicaciones que no siempre se presentan en su complejidad teórica y metodológica, recordar las críticas que han madurado dentro de la disciplina en la dirección de la observación reflexiva y discutir los usos y abusos de la etnografía en campos disciplinares distintos de la antropología.
Imaginarios liberados. La obra sincrética de Rachid Koraichi entre hibridaciones y resignificaciones
Authors: Rubera Giorgia
Published: November 2024

En todas las culturas circulan flujos de imágenes e imaginarios pertenecientes al acervo de símbolos culturales locales creados a lo largo del tiempo. En nuestro mundo global, cada vez más interconectado, los intercambios son más rápidos, los símbolos son mutantes, híbridos, sincréticos. Rachid Koraïchi, artista sufí argelino, se define a sí mismo como un nómada, él es un hombre suspendido entre mundos, un in-between, un hombre en tránsito, entre el norte y el sur del Mediterráneo, entre oriente y occidente, entre lo antiguo y lo moderno, en diálogo constante con lo sagrado.Su nombre de la familia es El Koraïchi (Quraishi), cuya línea genealógica se remonta a la tribu Quraish, a la que pertenecía el propio profeta Mahoma, y es originario  de una antigua familia sufí.Su investigación artística es un proceso de redescubrimiento de la memoria, una memoria viva, reinterpretada.El imaginario, receptáculo de los estereotipos de los colonizadores, se libera a través del arte de Koraïchi que se inspira en la caligrafía de manera creativa, liberando símbolos y lenguajes para recrear un “alfabeto de la memoria”.Las conexiones con el pasado dan forma a la obra de Koraïchi y se vinculan sincréticamente con temas de deconstrucción del discurso colonial, presentando una crítica a la narrativa europea dominante en la que se han olvidado las raíces islámicas.
Review of Tenatsali ou l’ethnologue qui fut transformé en indien, by Frank Hamilton Cushing
Authors: Brandes Stanley
Published: November 2024

Tenatsali ou l’ethnologue qui fut transformé en Indien is for multiple reasons a wonderous and welcome publication. This book contributes significantly to anthropological knowledge in at least two ways: first to a scholarly and balanced biography of Frank Hamilton Cushing as ethnologist; and second to detailed sociocultural information about Zuni in the late nineteenth century. The heart of Tenatsali consists of some twenty-five wide-ranging essays by Cushing, all of which provide a solid historical and descriptive examination of Zuni society and culture.  These essays, mainly published in specialized journals during the 1880s and 1890s, are beautifully translated into French by Éléonore Devevey. They represent a broad range of subject matter, starting with Cushing’s memoirs of his frequently difficult experiences as a white man living among the Zuni, continuing with accounts of Zuni social and religious beliefs and practices, and ending with technical and aesthetic considerations of Zuni material culture, principally of arrows, copper, and pottery.
APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR LOCALIZED THERMOREGULATION AND VENTILATION OF WORKERS AT JOBSITES OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIES
Authors: Bielikov A.S. , Strezhekurov Yu.E.
Published: November 2024

Problem statement. In metallurgical and petrochemical industries using high-temperature technological processes, there exists an issue of overheating of workers due to significant heat loads. To prevent such hazard, large industrial fans are installed directly at production sites providing air circulation over a wide area. However, their performance characteristics, operation modes and placement schemes do not always ensure adequate cooling of employees. There is a need to study this problem in order to develop measures for improving efficiency of such devices through their enhancement and optimized application. The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of possibilities of applying unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) for cooling of working zones at productions with high heat loads instead of traditional industrial fans. The main objectives include: Conducting analysis of modern workplace cooling systems and identifying their shortcomings; Exploring technical characteristics of drones that can be used for this purpose; Developing a concept of algorithm for drone-fan control system to ensure operation in automatic mode with preset parameters for a working post; Experimental verification of efficiency of such system on a laboratory model. Conclusion. Application of drones for localized cooling of working zones will increase efficiency and flexibility of ventilation systems compared to existing ones; Such a system will provide optimal microclimatic conditions directly for each employee; Energy efficiency of this approach will be higher as only necessary cooling power will be used; Expected improvement of occupational safety and reduction of professional risks due to lower heat loads.
THE INFLUENCE OF MODERN FORMATS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS (DISTANCE, MIXED AND OTHERS) ON THE MAIN COMMUNITIES OF THE UNIVERSITY, ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MISSION, GOALS AND QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Bilopolyi V.V. , Savosh G.P.
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the work New types of thinking and new ways of transforming activity call for the need for the comprehensive development of the younger generation, democratization of marriage, humanization of the graduate school, requires a rethinking of the very paradigm of global awareness, as an adaptive model, acquired knowledge on the basis of a model of awareness, oriented towards specialness and becoming important suspenseful need.Therefore, the centre of educational activities should be a specific student and, accordingly, all methods and forms of organization should be subordinated to the goal of his comprehensive personal and professional development. The main attention should be focused on the personality of the student, because the success of professionalization depends on the meaning of the profession for him, how he treats other people, and himself. The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of modern education formats on the implementation of the mission, goals and quality of higher education. Methodology. The research was based on a number of defining principles − scientific pluralism, methodological diversity, critical thinking, unity of subjective and objective, systemic comparativism, etc. The methods used were programmatic − target, and generalization. The results. In today's difficult socio-cultural conditions, the higher school must take on the protection of the main right of every student − the right to such conditions of the educational environment that would provide him with full-fledged personal and professional development in the maximum possible range of individual psychological resources. Information technologies of the educational process are characteristic features of the functioning of a modern institution of higher education. Modern ICT determines the development of universities in terms of providing fast and high-quality educational services, especially when it comes to the situation in society when access to traditional forms of education is limited. The authors come to the conclusion that the implementation of distance and mixed learning, digitization of education, use of artificial intelligence systems will contribute to improving the quality of education and science in Ukraine, which will facilitate the integration of our state into the European environment.
Новый сорт проса посевного Диана
Authors: Воронов Сергей Иванович , Зеленев Александр Васильевич , Неймышева Алла Николаевна , Карякин Владимир Владимирович , Смутнев Павел Анатольевич
Published: November 2024

Пронализированы результаты изучения нового сорта проса посевного Диана и других сортов в почвенно-климатических условиях Нижнего Поволжья. Кроме стандарта Саратовское жёлтое, в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания изучали сорта Диана [(Волгоградское 4 × Саратовское 10) × Саратовское жёлтое], Камышинское 98 × К 9980 (Мутант 81-67-09) и Саратовское 10 × Камышинское 98. В демонстрационном посеве исследовали, за исключением стандарта и сорта Диана, ещё и сорта Камышинское 98, Камышинское Юбилейное, Золотая Орда, Казачье, Золотистое и Козацьке. Изучаемые годы характеризовались как сухие с ГТК, равным 0,31 – 0,39. В питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания сорт Диана значительно превысил стандарт по высоте растений на 0,7 см, достигнув 82,5 см. Сорт не уступал стандарту по длине метёлки и количеству междоузлий — 21,7 см и 5,7 шт. соответственно. Также сорт этот сорт превысил урожайность стандарта на 0,44 т/га. В демонстрационном посеве сорт Диана значительно превысил стандарт по высоте растений на 5,1 см при показателе 77,5 см, по длине метёлки — на 1,0 см при показателе 19,9 см, по количеству междоузлий — на 3,7 % при показателе 5,6 шт. Также сорт Диана превысил стандарт по урожайности на 0,31 т/га. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности возделывания проса посевного Диана в условиях сухостепной зоны Волгоградской области.
Морфофизиологические параметры раннего онтогенеза и устойчивость новых линий яровой пшеницы с генетическим материалом чужеродных видов к токсическому воздействию искусственно создаваемых абиотических стрессов
Authors: Марченкова Людмила Александровна , Лапочкина Инна Федоровна , Павлова Ольга Викторовна , Чавдарь Раиса Федоровна , Орлова Татьяна Григорьевна , Яшина Наталья Алексеевна , Макарова Ирина Юрьевна , Гайнуллин Наиль Рифкатович , Нардид Андрей Васильевич
Published: November 2024

Изучены особенности морфофизиологических параметров органов растений и адаптивность 10 новых линий яровой пшеницы на начальных этапах их роста и развития. Выявлены различия ростовых процессов и стрессоустойчивости к искусственно моделируемым стрессам (осмотическому и анаэробному) в зависимости от генотипа линий и их происхождения. Установлено, что из 2 изучаемых стрессов наиболее экстремальное воздействие на проростки яровой пшеницы оказывал дефицит влаги. В условиях осмотического стресса выделено 40 % генотипов с устойчивостью, превышающей среднее значение по опыту. К анаэробному стрессу показали устойчивость 60 % генотипов, которые превысили средний показатель по опыту, составляющий 39 %. Определен размах внутрисортовой изменчивости ростовых процессов у изучаемых линий и сортов, который колебался от 2,6 до 20,6 %, с наименьшим коэффициентом вариации по длине ростков, наибольшим — по числу корешков. Рассчитан коэффициент корреляции между длиной ростков, массой и числом корешков с массой 1000 семян (r = 0,36; 0,46 и 0,70 соответственно). Выделены линии 21-21нг, 13-21нг, 1-16i и сорт Любава с самыми высокими темпами роста и развития на начальных этапах роста. Эти генотипы обладают высоким рейтингом конкурентного преимущества и представляют интерес для дальнейшего использования в селекционной работе как источники высокой биологической полноценности семян.
Генетические ресурсы культурных растений Афганистана (к 100-летию экспедиции Н. И. Вавилова в Афганистан)
Authors: Темирбекова Сулухан Кудайбердиевна , Белошапкина Ольга Олеговна , Белопухов Сергей Леонидович , Барышев Михаил Геннадьевич , Ерохова Мария Дмитриевна , Меркурьев Николай Владимирович , Базюк Денис Александрович , Афанасьева Юлия Владимировна , Кащеев А. В.
Published: November 2024

С 19 июля по 24 декабря 1924 г. пройден трудный пятимесячный караванный путь Н. И. Вавилова по Афганистану длиной 5000 км. Открыты новые группы замечательных кабульских пшениц, понято происхождение культурной ржи из сорняков. Собран новый интереснейший материал по зерновым бобовым, масличным культурам, хлопчатнику, бахчевым, садовым, овощным культурам. Установлено несомненное вхождение исследованной области в древние очаги земледельческой культуры, в Ирано-Туркестанскую область, отчасти в индийский древнейший очаг земледельческой культуры. 7000 образцов семян направлены в Институт растениеводства, где их будут изучать, высевать в разных условиях. Результаты двухлетнего изучения образцов афганского происхождения в Московской области показали устойчивость к абиотическим и биотическим стрессовым факторам: зимостойкость, устойчивость к условиям повышенной влажности атмосферного воздуха и почвы, а также к различным заболеваниям. В полевых условиях имеют абсолютную устойчивость к болезням. Образцы отличаются скороспелостью — на 15 дней опережают стандарт, имеют повышенную массу 1000 зерен и урожайность.
Надземная биомасса сои сортов северного экотипа в кормопроизводстве
Authors: Белышкина Марина Евгеньевна , Кобозева Тамара Петровна
Published: November 2024

Изучены белковая продуктивность и кормовая ценность надземной биомассы сои в фазу максимального ее накопления (фаза полного налива семян) у сортов северного экотипа (Окская, Магева, Светлая) в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья в годы с оптимальной влагообеспеченностью (ГТК Селянинова 1,1 – 1,3). Исследования проводили на опытном поле в Рязанской области с 2021 по 2023 г. В среднем по сортам определены урожайность сырой (18,98 т/га) и сухой (5,69 т/га) надземной биомассы, содержание белка в сухой надземной биомассе (16,7 %), сбор белка с урожаем (0,93 т/га), а также аминокислотный состав сухой надземной биомассы, содержание в белке незаменимых аминокислот (36,9 %), сбор незаменимых аминокислот с урожаем (0,35 т/га), содержание (10,3 %) и сбор (0,10 т/га) критических аминокислот. Установлено, что по сумме незаменимых аминокислот (369 мг/г белка) белок надземной биомассы приближается к идеальному белку (360 мг/г белка), но уступает стандарту ФАО/ВОЗ по содержанию метионина (20,0 % от стандарта), фенилаланина (47,0 % от стандарта) и треонина (85,0 % от стандарта).
Comparison of Various Surgical Approaches for Moderate-to-Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Zhili , Dong Shuai , Li Xuhua , Chen Yang , Liu Shidong , Song Bing
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aims to systematically review the efficacy of various surgical approaches in the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using computerized databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, up to February 2024. In our network meta-analysis, we utilized the Cochrane Handbook tool for quality evaluation, while a consistency model and the odds ratio (OR) were used to compile and analyze the data from the studies included, employing Stata 17.0 software for this purpose. Results: The systematic review included a total of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which collectively involved 3111 patients and evaluated six different surgical techniques. The network meta-analysis demonstrated that mitral valve repair (MVr) exhibited a significant reduction in 30-day all-cause mortality rates when compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), mitral valve replacement (MVR), CABG combined with MVR, and transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using MitraClip. Furthermore, probability ranking analysis suggested that MVr may be the most effective approach in reducing 30-day all-cause mortality, while CABG combined with MVr had significantly fewer renal complications compared to CABG combined with MVR. Probability rankings also indicated that CABG+MVr may be the most effective technique in minimizing renal complications. However, there were no statistically significant differences observed in other outcome measures among the different surgical techniques. Conclusions: Current limited evidence indicates that CABG combined with MVr may be the best surgical approach for patients with IMR. However, these conclusions are tentative and require further confirmation from more additional high-quality studies. INPLASY Registration Number: INPLASY202420049. This study can be accessed at the following detailed address: https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-2-0049/, last accessed on February 11, 2024.
The Ministry of Time: Coordinating Societal Rhythms through Automation
Authors: Strzelecka Celina
Published: November 2024

How will time be conceptualized in the future? Ministry of Time is a futuristic concept derived from anticipatory anthropology, which emerged in the ethnographic research in Poland conducted in the project "Choreography of time: Cultural practices of time management". The project involved 60 interviews about time management. We live in a society with many rhythms. In everyday life, we often have to navigate between conflicting and uncoordinated time frames. Furthermore, leisure time is inequitably distributed in many societies. As a result of this situation, all the consequences are transferred to the individual. The way we deal with the constant lack of time and acceleration is up to each of us. To deal with desynchronized time rhythms, many of my interviewees dream of automating their time management decisions. The idea is that AI can guide them to better decisions by learning their human behavior. A „digital assistant” could help them organize their lives. „Intelligent software” could decide what is urgent and important. The Ministry of Time is a future idea that emerged from interviews. As a result of the time policy, the Ministry would coordinate and synchronize social time on a systemic level: specify the hours when offices are available, as well as the working, consumption, and rest hours. Organize them so that they don't interfere with each other as they currently do. It would gather data about individuals' time and manage system time for the Ministry using automated decision-making. Ministry of Time has been found to be useful by my interlocutors. Traffic jams are created by common working hours, which causes overlapping time rhythms. Services, such as medical clinics, stores, offices, and museums, are open during working hours. How does all of this make sense? A desire to change these rhythms led to the idea of the Ministry of Time. However, my interlocutors also see the dangers of this approach. The Ministry of Time will construct temporal behavioral patterns and steer society's time. Some people may feel uncomfortable when they realize that they are entrusting so much power to algorithms. Their concern is that they may violate their privacy. A lack of trust in these systems' objectivity and their usage of data is not unjustified. The algorithms used by social networks provide a good example of the dangers associated with data collection mechanisms built into applications. The usage of this data to shape opinions and personalize advertising is already widely known. It is to be expected that the data collected by our virtual assistant on our time organization patterns will also be subject to trade in the era of cognitive capitalism. In my presentation, I will discuss the opportunities and risks of applying automated decision making to social time coordination. In addition, I will explore whether people are willing to surrender control to an outside entity in favor of intelligent time management and social time algorithms.
Integration and Execution of Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) in a Containerized Environment
Authors: Yu Junjie , Sun Yuan , Lindley Sarah , Jay Caroline , Topping David , Oleson Keith , Zheng Zhonghua
Published: November 2024

The Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) is a process-based numerical urban climate model that simulates the interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces, serving as a powerful tool for the convergence of urban and climate science research. Despite its advanced capabilities, CLMU presents significant challenges for users unfamiliar with numerical modeling due to the complexities of model installation, environment and case configuration, and generating model inputs. To address these challenges, a toolkit was developed, including (1) an operating system-independent containerized application developed to streamline the execution of CLMU and (2) a Python-based tool (Pyclmuapp) used to interface the containerized CLMU and create urban surface data and atmospheric forcing data for the model. This toolkit enables users to simulate urban climate and explore climate-related variables such as urban building energy consumption, urban water balance, and human thermal stress. It also supports the simulation under future climate conditions and the exploration of urban climate responses to various surface properties, providing a foundation for evaluating urban climate adaptation strategies. Overall, this toolkit makes urban climate modeling more accessible, promoting broader applications from research to practical urban planning and policy-making.
Enhancing Educational Outcomes with Explainable AI: Bridging Transparency and Trust in Learning Systems
Authors: K Sai Geethanjali  , Umashankar Nidhi
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping educational landscapes by facilitating personalized learning, adaptive teaching methods, and efficient assessment tools. Despite its transformative potential, the adoption of AI in education faces significant barriers, primarily due to the "black-box" nature of many AI models, where decisions are not easily interpretable. This lack of transparency often leads to reduced trust among educators, students, and stakeholders, hindering the widespread implementation of AI in educational environments. This paper explores the role of Explainable AI (XAI) in enhancing educational outcomes by fostering transparency and trust. It delves into the challenges posed by opaque AI models, presents the benefits of XAI in addressing these challenges, and proposes a framework for integrating explainability in AI-driven educational systems. Additionally, we discuss case studies that illustrate the positive impact of XAI in real-world educational settings.
Context-Aware Systems in Ubiquitous Computing: Techniques, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: K Sai Geethanjali  , Umashankar Nidhi
Published: November 2024

Ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) has radically altered human interactions with technology by embedding computational capabilities into everyday environments. At the core of Ubicomp lies context-aware systems (CAS), which dynamically adapt their operations based on real-time contextual information such as user location, activity, and environmental conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of CAS, exploring the techniques for context sensing, representation, and reasoning. It discusses key applications in healthcare, smart homes, transportation, and smart cities, while also addressing the challenges, including privacy concerns, scalability, and the accuracy of context interpretation. Furthermore, we examine the future trends in CAS, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), and their implications for the next generation of ubiquitous computing systems.
The presence of a common color feature improves attentional guidance during hybrid search
Authors: Wei Dengxinyi , Zhou Zhiheng , Geng Joy
Published: November 2024

Imagine searching for items for a dinner party at the grocery store. This is an example of “hybrid” search and involves looking for many targets held in memory at once. Hybrid search involves two stages: visual search for possible targets to select and then memory search for a matching target. In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of a common feature across targets (e.g., “red” if searching for tomato sauce and a can of Campbell’s soup) will facilitate hybrid search by allowing a single feature to be extracted and used to guide attention during the visual search stage. In experiment 1, we confirmed that the common target color could be prioritized over other target colors during visual search (1a) and that this effect could not be accounted for by repetitions of target color across trials (1b). In experiment 2, we manipulated the memory set size and the presence of a common color on every trial and found main effects of each, but no interaction, suggesting additive effects on hybrid search. There were also individual differences in the ability to use the common color. Together the data indicate that the presence of a common target feature can be strategically exploited to create a more efficient target template, but the ability to do so varies across individuals.
A novel method for modeling tonic and phasic pupil dynamics in humans
Authors: Mittner Matthias , Groot Josephine Maria
Published: November 2024

The human pupil is a widely used physiological metric in psychology and neuroscience. Changes in pupil diameter (PD) are thought to reflect changes in locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC/NE) activity, which is associated with cognitive and behavioral optimization. Here, we present novel algorithms to decompose the pupil signal into its tonic and phasic components. We evaluate the utility and validity of the algorithms using both artifically generated data and an existing dataset from a fast-paced finger-tapping task. Results show that the novel algorithm outperforms traditional approaches on simulated data. We further demonstrate that the novel algorithm provides more conclusive evidence for relationships between mind wandering reports and pupil predictors compared to traditional window-averaging. Finally, we show that the novel and traditional estimates contain different information with regards to neuroimaging correlates and task performance.
DEVELOPING HORTICULTURE ON IRRIGATED LANDS OF CRIMEA
Authors:   Institute of Water Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Demin Alexander P.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to analyze the development of horticulture in Crimea under conditions of extreme water scarcity.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of system and information-analytical approaches using methods of qualitative and quantitative statistical data analysis.
Results. At present, on average, Russian residents consume no more than 45 % of the recommended consumption rate of fresh fruits and berries, and in many regions even less. It is shown that in Crimea the share of seeded fruit production on irrigated lands increased from 35–55 % in 2014–2015 to 85–95 % in the following years, and the share of drupe fruit production – from 20–30 to 55–75 %. It is revealed that fruit yield on irrigated lands under production conditions is 2–4 times higher than on non-irrigated lands on average for a multi-year period. The dependence of fruit yield on average for 2020–2022 on the farms in Crimea which apply irrigation, on the most important, showing that the largest influence on fruit yield of seed crops is exerted by the size of area of fruit-bearing plantations, number of irrigations per 1 ha of orchard and share of area with drip irrigation method in the total irrigated area, were obtained. The maximum influence on fruit yield of drupe fruit crops is exerted by the size of area of fruit-bearing plantations and the share of area with drip irrigation method in the total irrigated area.
Conclusions. Land irrigation is one of the most important agrotechnical methods for further development of intensive horticulture. The deficit of water resources was not an obstacle for the growth of seed crop production on irrigated lands of Crimea by 4 times, and drupe fruit production by 2.1 times for the period 2014–2022.
STUDY OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS AND WATER IN THE DIVERSION CHANNEL OF RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Drovovozova Tatyana I. , Bulgakova Lyubov A. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Vlasov Mikhail V. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Krasovskaya Natalia N. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to conduct hydrochemical studies of water and bottom sediments, as well as to assess their hazard level in the diversion channel of the rice irrigation system. The relevance of the research is due to the entry of a large number of pollutants into water bodies, especially from rice irrigation systems.
Materials and methods. The assessment of the pollution level of bottom sediments with heavy metals was carried out by indices: pollution factor and degree, geoaccumulation index; aquatic environment – by the anthropogenic load index, mixture toxicity index. The materials for assessing the pollution level of water and bottom sediments were the results of field observations of the collector, through which drainage waters from the rice irrigation system are diverted to the Don River.
Results. The content of such heavy metals as iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc was studied in the collector-drainage runoff and bottom sediments. The content of exchangeable manganese and total forms of copper and zinc in the bottom sediments of the collector exceeds the background concentrations in the bottom sediments of the Don River by 1.2–4.9 times. The ecological state of the bottom sediments of the collector is characterized as moderately polluted. The content of manganese in the collector-drainage water exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations by 154–223 times, iron by 4–5 times, copper by 5 times. The assessment of the quality of bottom sediments in terms of soil pollution with heavy metals showed a weak nature of their pollution.
Conclusions. The high content of manganese, copper and iron characterizes the bottom sediments as a source of secondary pollution of collector-drainage waters in the collector, however, compared with the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for soils, their content is not exceeded. The establishment of environmental safety and the development of methods for the bottom sediments disposal require further research.
FORMAL ASPECTS OF SUBSTANTIATION OF THE COMPLEX RECLAMATIONS COMPOSITION AND THE STRATEGY OF THEIR PLACEMENT
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrachev Yuri P. , Menshikova Snezhana A. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to determine the most advantageous composition of the agro-reclamation measures complex from the ecological and economic positions and its placement taking into account the natural resource, as well as historical and social potential of the lands occupied in agricultural production.
Materials and methods. Version programming of the agricultural area development process using modern capabilities of computer modeling allows predicting the effect depending on a hypothetical change in external conditions and identifying the most advantageous strategies for the reclamations development and placement from a variety of options. Methodological approaches to the strategy formation are based on the enumeration of all possible options represented by combinations of interacting reclamations combinations and related agro-reclamation factors, with subsequent assessment of their effectiveness. The choice of options is based on the methodological approach to identifying indices of the state of environmental components.
Results. Calculations of the integrated assessment of the efficiency of options for a period of 25 years were performed using the initial most costly technical and economic indicators of reclamation measures. The production and economic characteristics of 254 options for the composition of the complex reclamation measures for sod-podzolic soil of average cultivation in Ryazan region (grass-grain crop rotation) are given. The majority of options (90 %) show low productivity and negative profitability, 8 % of options with high productivity are characterized as “ecologically stressed”, and only 2 % of options meet all the requirements.
Conclusions. Already at the stage of implementing an investment project in the agro-industrial complex, measures to compensate for and prevent negative phenomena are provided. Highly effective measures can be implemented only if expensive additional measures to ensure the preservation of the natural environment and compliance with regulatory environmental requirements are included.
JUSTIFICATION OF DRIP EMITTER FLOW RATE AND DETERMINATION OF EROSION-SAFE DRIP IRRIGATION DURATION OF SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS
Authors:   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Shkura Viktor N. , Kolganov Aleksandr V. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Shtanko Andrey S. ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to study erosion-safe values of emitter flow rate and drip irrigation duration using southern chernozems as an example and to develop a methodology for their justification.
Materials and methods. The field research data carried out on four experimental sites with southern chernozems as a soil cover were the experimental base of the scientific work. The following influencing factors were considered: granulometric composition, minimum moisture capacity, soil density, pre-irrigation and post-irrigation soil moisture. The condition of formation of puddles with a diameter of 0.1 m on the soil surface was adopted as a criterion for determining the maximum values of emitter flow rate and drip irrigation duration.
Results. The first stage of the study examined the influence of soil conditions and emitter flow rate on the moisture contour depth. The second stage of the study examined the influence of soil conditions and emitter flow rate on the value of the pre-runoff duration of drip irrigation. At the third stage, the influence of pre-irrigation soil moisture on the value of the permissible emitter flow rate was studied. In the process of analyzing the results of experimental studies, the presence of a close correlation between the erosion-safe value of the emitter flow rate and the factors of influence taken into account was determined, and empirical dependencies describing this relationship were obtained. Comparison of the calculated values of the drip irrigation parameters according to the obtained empirical dependencies with the experimental values showed a deviation of no more than 10 %.
Conclusions. The technique for determining erosion-safe values of the emitter flow rate and the duration of drip irrigation that correspond to the conditions and parameters of drip irrigation, based on the established dependencies, was developed. Theoretical testing of this technique on typical examples of drip-irrigated areas showed its efficiency and acceptability for practical application.
Varietal Differentiation of Spring Barley in Terms of Cadmium Resistance Based on Morphometric, Biochemical Parameters, and Productivity
Authors: Dikarev A. V. , Dikarev D. V. , Krylenkin D. V.
Published: November 2024

In the vegetation experiment, with the introduction of Cd2+ into sod-podzolic soil at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg, barley of 4 varieties was grown, which, according to the results of a laboratory experiment with seedlings, turned out to be contrasting in resistance to the action of Cd2+. The aim of the work is to find out whether these varieties retain their properties as resistant or sensitive to cadmium not only as a seedling model, but also during the entire plant ontogenesis. The appearance of plants, plant height, biomass, leaf area, enzyme activity associated with plant protection from environmental stress factors, phytohormone content in aboveground biomass, grain weight, straw and 1000 grains, cadmium accumulation in aboveground plant biomass (straw and grain) were evaluated. Significant differences between groups of cadmium-resistant and cadmium-sensitive varieties were revealed in the experimental conditions. In terms of morphometric parameters and productivity when grown on cadmium-contaminated soil, resistant varieties significantly outperformed sensitive ones. These effects were most noticeable at a cadmium dose of 50 mg/kg, and a dose of 25 mg/kg was insufficient for confident differentiation of varieties into sensitive and resistant ones. It was noted that on the 50th day of the experiment, the concentration of stress hormones increased, and growth hormones decreased when 50 mg/kg cadmium was introduced into the soil of. At the same time, the concentration of stress hormones in resistant varieties increased already on the 30th day, and in growth varieties – both on the 30th and on the 50th day, it did not decrease as much as in sensitive ones. There was a high activity of antioxidant enzymes in resistant varieties compared with sensitive ones. Resistant varieties showed generally high productivity when a cadmium dose of 50 mg/kg was applied to the soil. Sensitive varieties accumulated cadmium in aboveground biomass in greater quantities than resistant ones, while the differences became clear when a dose of cadmium of 50 mg/kg was applied. The results of the study confirmed that the differentiation of barley varieties in terms of resistance found during the assessment of the effects of cadmium on seedlings persists throughout the entire plant life cycle and affects yield and other economically valuable characteristics. The data obtained are useful for assessing the consequences of anthropogenic pollution of agrocenoses, the tasks of breeding varieties of main crops with high resistance to cadmium. In addition, the research materials can be used in the development of a methodology for assessing the state of soils contaminated with heavy metals and for environmental rationing tasks.
Concentration of Chemical Elements in the Leaves of the Salix miyabeana Seemen, Growing in the Area of the Tailings Dam of the Darasun Gold Deposit
Authors: Makarov V. P.
Published: November 2024

In the area of the tailings dam of the Darasun gold deposit in the Trans-Baikal Territory, the content of 47 chemical elements in the leaves of the Miabe willow (Salix miyabeana), as well as their gross content in the soil in places where plants grow, were studied to obtain information about the accumulation of elements by the plant on contaminated soils and the prospect of using Miabe willow as a phytoextractor plant. The analysis of plant and soil samples was carried out on an ICP-MS Elan 9000 mass spectrophotometer (Canada). The method of measuring the metal content in solid objects by the ISP-MS method was used. It was found that the gross content of Ag, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, W, Hg, B and especially Te, Bi, As and Sb in the soil was 2–840 times higher than the clark of the Earth’s crust. The total content of As, Zn, Pb, Sb and Cd in the soil was 1.3–7.0 times higher than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and approximately permissible concentrations (APC) of chemicals, and the arsenic content exceeded the established limit by 240 times. The concentration of K, Sr, Ti, P, Zn, Ag, As and Cd in the leaves of the Miabe willow exceeded the clark of terrestrial plants by 1.5–3.0 times. A correlation was found between the concentration of Cd, Zn, B, Mn, Be, Ga and V in the leaves of the Miabe willow with the gross content of these elements in the soil of the plant’s growing sites. The storage elements in the plant were Se, P, Cd, Zn, B and K. The coefficient of biological accumulation of Se ranged from 1 to 40, Cd – 1.1–5.8, Zn – 0.5–2.6. Miabe willow is a promising plant for extracting cadmium and zinc from contaminated soils.