bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bicrossproduct vs. twist quantum symmetries in noncommutative geometries: the case of ϱ-Minkowski
Authors: Fabiano Giuseppe , Gubitosi Giulia , Lizzi Fedele , Scala Luca , Vitale Patrizia
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We discuss the quantum Poincaré symmetries of the ϱ-Minkowski spacetime, a space characterised by an angular form of noncommutativity. We show that it is possible to give them both a bicrossproduct and a Drinfel’d twist structure. We also obtain a new noncommutative ⋆-product, which is cyclic with respect to the standard integral measure.
The relationship and predictive value of dementia and frailty for mortality in patients with surgically managed hip fractures
Authors: Ioannidis Ioannis , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Cao Yang , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A. , Mohseni Shahin
Published: September 2023

Background

Both dementia and frailty have been associated with worse outcomes in patients with hip fractures. However, the interrelation and predictive value of these two entities has yet to be clarified. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between dementia, frailty, and in-hospital mortality after hip fracture surgery.

Methods

All patients registered in the 2019 National Inpatient Sample Database who were 50 years or older and underwent emergency hip fracture surgery following a traumatic fall were eligible for inclusion. Logistic regression (LR) models were constructed with in-hospital mortality as the response variables. One model was constructed including markers of frailty and one model was constructed excluding markers of frailty [Orthopedic Frailty Score (OFS) and weight loss]. The feature importance of all variables was determined using the permutation importance method. New LR models were then fitted using the top ten most important variables. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive ability of these models.

Results

An estimated total of 216,395 patients were included. Dementia was the 7th most important variable for predicting in-hospital mortality. When the OFS and weight loss were included, they replaced dementia in importance. There was no significant difference in the predictive ability of the models when comparing the model that included markers of frailty [AUC for in-hospital mortality (95% CI) 0.79 (0.77–0.81)] with the model that excluded markers of frailty [AUC for in-hospital mortality (95% CI) 0.79 (0.77–0.80)].

Conclusion

Dementia functions as a surrogate for frailty when predicting in-hospital mortality in hip fracture patients. This finding highlights the importance of early frailty screening for improvement of care pathways and discussions with patients and their families in regard to expected outcomes.
Characterisation and analysis of the surface texture of injection-moulded automotive interior ABS and PP components
Authors: Reddy Vijeth V. , Krishna Amogh Vedantha , Sjögren Anders , Rosén Bengt-Göran
Published: September 2023

Interior automotive plastic components are often manufactured by injection moulding since this technique enables cost-efficient manufacturing, large design freedom, and easy integration of functions. However, to obtain a high-quality impression, it is important to produce components with uniformity in texture, colour, and gloss. Unfortunately, this is rather difficult since a large number of material and processing parameters affect the surface topography and thereby the texture, colour, and gloss. It is therefore important to improve the understanding of how different material and processing parameters affect the surface topography, and in the present study, the influence on surface topography of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and PP (Polypropylene) by melt temperature, tool temperature, and injection speed is investigated by coherence scanning interferometry. Area scale analysis is used to identify the wavelengths of interest, and areal surface parameters are statistically screened to identify robust surface parameters that can be used to discriminate between the surfaces and quantify the influence on surface topography by different material and process variables. Results from the study suggest that tool temperature and injection speed have significant influence on certain surface parameters and, particularly, arithmetic mean height (Sa) and root mean square gradient (Sdq) by approximately 40%, core material volume (Vmc) by 35%, and core roughness depth (Sk) by 50%. These surface parameters are identified as significant and used to discriminate between the sample surfaces.
Impact of vessel morphology on CT-derived fractional-flow-reserve in non-obstructive coronary artery disease in right coronary artery
Authors: Tsugu Toshimitsu , Tanaka Kaoru , Belsack Dries , Nagatomo Yuji , Tsugu Mayuko , Argacha Jean-François , Cosyns Bernard , Buls Nico , De Maeseneer Michel , De Mey Johan
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Computed tomography (CT)–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) decreases continuously from proximal to distal segments of the vessel due to the influence of various factors even in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). It is known that FFRCT is dependent on vessel-length, but the relationship with other vessel morphologies remains to be explained.

Purpose

To investigate morphological aspects of the vessels that influence FFRCT in NOCAD in the right coronary artery (RCA).

Methods

A total of 443 patients who underwent both FFRCT and invasive coronary angiography, with < 50% RCA stenosis, were evaluated. Enrolled RCA vessels were classified into two groups according to distal FFRCT: FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (n = 60) and FFRCT > 0.80 (n = 383). Vessel morphology (vessel length, lumen diameter, lumen volume, and plaque volume) and left-ventricular mass were assessed. The ratio of lumen volume and vessel length was defined as V/L ratio.

Results

Whereas vessel-length was almost the same between FFRCT ≤ 0.80 and > 0.80, lumen volume and V/L ratio were significantly lower in FFRCT ≤ 0.80. Distal FFRCT correlated with plaque-related parameters (low-attenuation plaque, intermediate-attenuation plaque, and calcified plaque) and vessel-related parameters (proximal and distal vessel diameter, vessel length, lumen volume, and V/L ratio). Among all vessel-related parameters, V/L ratio showed the highest correlation with distal FFRCT (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that calcified plaque volume was the strongest predictor of distal FFRCT, followed by V/L ratio (β-coefficient = 0.48, p = 0.03). V/L ratio was the strongest predictor of a distal FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (cut-off 8.1 mm3/mm, AUC 0.88, sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 76.7%, 95% CI 0.84–0.93, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that V/L ratio can be a measure to predict subclinical coronary perfusion disturbance.

Clinical relevance statement

A novel marker of the ratio of lumen volume to vessel length (V/L ratio) is the strongest predictor of a distal CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) and may have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FFRCT.

Key Points

• Physiological FFRCT decline depends not only on vessel length but also on the lumen volume in non-obstructive coronary artery disease in the right coronary artery.

• FFRCT correlates with plaque-related parameters (low-attenuation plaque, intermediate-attenuation plaque, and calcified plaque) and vessel-related parameters (proximal and distal vessel diameter, vessel length, lumen volume, and V/L ratio).

• Of vessel-related parameters, V/L ratio is the strongest predictor of a distal FFRCT and an optimal cut-off value of 8.1 mm3/mm.
Resolving transient temperature and density during ultrafast laser ablation of aluminum
Authors: Winter Jan , Redka David , Minár Ján , Schmidt Michael , Huber Heinz P.
Published: September 2023

To understand the dynamics of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation, the interpretation of ultrafast time-resolved optical experiments is of utmost importance. To this end, spatiotemporally resolved pump-probe ellipsometry may be utilized to examine the transiently changing dielectric function of a material, particularly when compared to two-temperature model simulations. In this work, we introduce a consistent description of electronic transport as well dielectric function for bulk aluminum, which enables unambiguous quantitative predictions of transient temperature and density variations close to the surface after laser excitation. Potential contributions of these temperature and density fluctuations to the proposed optical model are investigated. We infer that after the thermal equilibrium of electrons and lattice within a few picoseconds, the real part of the dielectric function mostly follows a density decrease, accompanied by an early mechanical motion due to stress confinement. In contrast, the imaginary part is susceptible to a complicated interaction between time-varying collision frequency, plasma frequency, and a density dependency of the interband transitions. The models proposed in this study permit an outstanding quantitative prediction of the ultrashort-pulse laser ablation’s final state and transient observables. Consequently, it is anticipated that in the future, these models will provide a quantitative understanding of the dynamics and behavior of laser ablation.

Graphical abstract
Management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Spain: learnings from a nationwide survey of otorhinolaryngologists
Authors: Alobid Isam , Liesa Rafael Fernández , Aubá Jose Miguel Villacampa , Moure Abraham L. , Sánchez-Herrero M. Guadalupe , del Cuvillo Bernal Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To describe the self-reported practices on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists in Spain to identify potential areas for management optimization.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey with 16 questions was carried out. Recruitment was performed by emailing registered ENT specialists in the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC).

Results

In total, 127 ENT specialists completed the survey. Fifty-one percent of respondents combined clinical criteria and objective evidence of mucosal inflammation to diagnose CRSwNP. Patient interview and, to a lower degree, a visual analogue scale were the most employed diagnostic tools to quantify symptom severity. Less than half (45%) routinely used the 22-item sino-nasal outcomes test (SNOT-22) to assess the impact of CRSwNP disease in quality of life. The use of patient-reported outcomes and other clinical evaluation tools showed a larger uptake among ENT specialists that worked at an ENT department with an available rhinology unit. Almost all the specialists surveyed (95%) recommended biological treatment, particularly in patients with uncontrolled CRSwNP with respiratory comorbidities (76%), as well as in candidates for revision surgery (66%).

Conclusion

Spanish otorhinolaryngologists showed a trend toward incorporating CRSwNP guideline recommendations in their clinical practice. The observed low uptake of patient-reported outcomes and objective clinical evaluation tools in routine clinical practise have been identified as areas for optimizing the management of patients with CRSwNP.
Prediction of IOL decentration, tilt and axial position using anterior segment OCT data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter
Published: September 2023

Background

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) require proper positioning in the eye to provide good imaging performance. This is especially important for premium IOLs. The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for estimating IOL decentration, tilt and the axial IOL equator position (IOLEQ) based on preoperative biometric and tomographic measures.

Methods

Based on a dataset (N = 250) containing preoperative IOLMaster 700 and pre-/postoperative Casia2 measurements from a cataractous population, we implemented shallow feedforward neural networks and multilinear regression models to predict the IOL decentration, tilt and IOLEQ from the preoperative biometric and tomography measures. After identifying the relevant predictors using a stepwise linear regression approach and training of the models (150 training and 50 validation data points), the performance was evaluated using an N = 50 subset of test data.

Results

In general, all models performed well. Prediction of IOL decentration shows the lowest performance, whereas prediction of IOL tilt and especially IOLEQ showed superior performance. According to the 95% confidence intervals, decentration/tilt/IOLEQ could be predicted within 0.3 mm/1.5°/0.3 mm. The neural network performed slightly better compared to the regression, but without significance for decentration and tilt.

Conclusion

Neural network or linear regression-based prediction models for IOL decentration, tilt and axial lens position could be used for modern IOL power calculation schemes dealing with ‘real’ IOL positions and for indications for premium lenses, for which misplacement is known to induce photic effects and image distortion.
Minimally invasive autopsies for the investigation of pulmonary pathology of COVID-19—experiences of a longitudinal series of 92 patients
Authors: Noack Petar , Grosse Claudia , Bodingbauer Jacob , Almeder Marion , Lohfink-Schumm Sylvia , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Meier Jens , Lamprecht Bernd , Schmitt Clemens A. , Langer Rupert
Published: September 2023

Minimally invasive autopsies (MIAs) allow the collection of tissue samples for diagnostic and research purposes in special situations, e.g., when there is a high risk of infection which is the case in the context of COVID-19 or restrictions due to legal or personal reasons. We performed MIA to analyze lung tissue from 92 COVID-19 patients (mean age 78 years; range 48–98; 35 women, 57 men), representing 44% of all patients who died from the disease between October 2020 and April 2021. An intercostal approach was used with removal of a 5-cm rib section followed by manual collection of four lung tissue samples (5–8 cm in size). Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was found in 89 (97%) patients at various stages. Exudative DAD (eDAD) predominated in 18 (20%) patients, proliferative DAD (pDAD) in 43 (47%) patients, and mixed DAD (mDAD) in 31 (34%) patients. There were no significant differences in the predominant DAD pattern between tissue samples from the same patient. Additional purulent components were present in 46 (50%) cases. Fungi were detected in 11 (12%) patients. The pDAD pattern was associated with longer hospital stay including intensive care unit (p=0.026 and p<0.001) and younger age (p=0.019). Positive bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures were observed more frequently in pDAD patterns (p<0.001; p=0.018). In contrast, there was no significant association between intravital positive microbiological results and superimposed bronchopneumonia or fungal infection at autopsy. Having demonstrated the characteristic lung changes in a large longitudinal autopsy series, we conclude that the presented MIA approach can be considered a reliable and safe method for performing post mortem lung diagnostics in COVID-19 and other high-risk situations. The lack of correlation between histological changes indicative of bacterial or fungal superinfection and microbiology could have clinical implications for disease and treatment surveillance.
MOBILIZE—Maintaining the operational safety and security of large railway systems in emergency situations
Authors: Schreiber David , Bauer Daniel , Hubner Michael , Litzenberger Martin , Opitz Andreas , Veigl Stephan , Biron Bettina
Published: September 2023

In this paper we describe the concept and ongoing work of the research project MOBILIZE, which addresses the operational safety and security of large railway systems to prevent sabotage and vandalism. Examples of such acts are manipulation of system components, intentional placement of objects on the tracks, theft of copper cables or damage to property such as graffiti on parked trains. The prevention of personal injuries resulting from crossing tracks or climbing on parked wagons and thereby getting too close to or even touching the overhead lines is also an important aspect. A permanent installation of video surveillance systems for the entire railway infrastructure is not feasible and, what is more, state-of-the-art video surveillance alone is currently not up to the challenges of monitoring very large areas completely. Therefore, MOBILIZE focuses on the development of a reliable portable system with multi-sensor modalities. In case of increased incidents in a specific region, the system can be deployed quickly and easily. The development of such a system raises questions that represent the main scientific challenges to be explored within MOBILIZE: which combination of sensor technologies is the most suitable to reduce false alarm rates to a minimum in practical operation, legal issues such as the changing regulations regarding the usage of drones, usability for the operator, integration into the operational procedures of the railway operators as well as future economic exploitation of the MOBILIZE project. The current paper focuses on the work done on ground-based visual sensors as well as their fusion with other sensors employed within MOBILIZE, and an assessment of their social impact.
Practical use of apomorphine infusion in Parkinson’s disease: lessons from the TOLEDO study and clinical experience
Authors: Henriksen Tove , Katzenschlager Regina , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Staines Harry , Lockhart Donna , Lees Andrew
Published: September 2023

Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion is a device-aided therapy for Parkinson’s disease that can be considered when motor fluctuations become persistent and are no longer adequately controlled by oral/transdermal medication. Apomorphine infusion is less invasive than enteral levodopa, deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound, and is often indicated even when neurosurgical approaches are contraindicated. This article aims to provide practical guidance for doctors and nurses initiating and treating patients with apomorphine infusion, and is based on both trial data and clinical experience from movement disorders specialists. A post hoc analysis of data from the TOLEDO randomized clinical trial of apomorphine infusion was conducted along with an analysis of ‘real world’ experience from 13 movement disorders specialists using a questionnaire that focused on starting patients on apomorphine infusion. Practical guidelines for starting treatment with apomorphine infusion are provided taking into consideration the regional disparities in healthcare. Apomorphine infusion is straightforward to administer but to be successful it requires concordance from the patient and family, and clinical support from an experienced team of doctors and nurses, particularly in the early months of treatment.
A generalised $${\varvec{W}}\left({{\varvec{I}}}_{1},{{\varvec{I}}}_{2}\right)$$ strain energy function of binomial form with unified applicability across various isotropic incompressible soft solids
Authors: Anssari-Benam Afshin
Published: September 2023

A generalised $$W\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)$$

W

I
1

,

I
2

strain energy function, a generalisation of previously devised response functions $${W}_{1}$$

W
1

and $${W}_{2}$$

W
2

, of binomial form is presented in this work for application to the finite deformation of isotropic incompressible soft solids. It is shown that the proposed model is the parent to many of the well-known existing invariants-based models in the literature. The first-order expansion of the model, with six model parameters, is then applied to extant multiaxial deformation of a wide range of materials, from filled and unfilled rubbers to hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers and biomaterials. The model captures the experimental data accurately, with typical relative errors below 4%, while favourably modelling various challenging mechanical behaviours such as the asymmetry of compression—tension, high nonlinearity of the simple shear response, deformation softening effects, pronounced Payne effect, the soft elasticity phenomenon, and the reverse Poynting effect. The predictive capabilities of the model are also demonstrated and verified against experimental data. Given the analyses and results presented here, the devised model is proposed to serve as a standard choice for a priori selection for application to the finite deformation of isotropic incompressible soft materials.
Dreiwortadressen als neues Lokalisierungssystem im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Vogler Martin , Priesmeier Peter , Kimmel Rainer , Lazarovici Marc , Dax Florian
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund

Bei Notrufen liegen integrierten Leitstellen (ILS) durch Systeme wie E‑Call oder Advanced Mobile Location (AML) häufig die Geokoordinaten des Anrufers vor. Diese können jedoch ohne Datenschnittstelle schwer an die Rettungskräfte kommuniziert werden. Die Software what3words (w3w) verkürzt Geokoordinaten zu sogenannten Dreiwortadressen, die an Einsatzkräfte problemlos weitergegeben werden können. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wird untersucht, für welche Arten von Einsatzstellen das System genutzt und wie häufig es angewandt wird.

Methode

Als Datenbasis dienten 201 Einsätze eines siebenmonatigen Pilotprojekts des Rettungsdiensts im Rettungsdienstbereich der ILS-Region Ingolstadt. Die zugehörigen Dreiwortadressen wurden retrospektiv mit digitalem Kartenmaterial manuell gesichtet und nach ihrer räumlichen Lage klassifiziert. Anschließend erfolgte eine quantitative Auswertung dieser Klassifizierung und der Anwendungshäufigkeit des Systems.

Ergebnisse

Die Auswertung zeigt, dass w3w nahezu zu gleichen Teilen innerhalb und außerhalb geschlossener Ortschaften verwendet wurde. Die Anwendungsfälle wurden in 18 Klassen bzw. Unterklassen unterteilt. Innerorts fand das System besonders häufig auf Straßen, Sportanlagen oder in Parks, außerorts meist bei Einsätzen auf Landstraßen oder Wirtschaftswegen Anwendung. Es kam im Mittel zu 0,97 Verwendungen pro Tag, dies entspricht 0,48 % aller Einsätze des Rettungsdiensts im Untersuchungszeitraum.

Schlussfolgerung

Die regelmäßige Anwendung von w3w zeigt nach Ansicht der Autoren den Nutzen von leicht zu kommunizierenden Geokoordinatensystemen insbesondere für Einsatzstellen, die außerhalb postalischer Adressen liegen. Eine Implementierung kann eine hilfreiche Ergänzung im Werkzeugkasten von ILS und Einsatzkräften darstellen.
Effect of Pressure and Turbulence Intensity on the Heat Flux During Flame Wall Interaction (FWI)
Authors: Padhiary Abhijit , Pilla Guillaume , Sotton Julien , Bellenoue Marc
Published: September 2023

Combustion applications such as internal combustion engines are a major source of power generation. Renewable alternative fuels like hydrogen and ammonia promise the potential of combustion in future power applications. Most power applications encounter flame wall interaction (FWI) during which high heat losses occur. Investigating heat loss during FWI has the potential to identify parameters that could lead to decreasing heat losses and possibly increasing the efficiency of combustion applications. In this work, a study of FWI (CH4-air mixture) in a constant volume chamber, with a head-on quenching configuration, at high pressure in both laminar and turbulent conditions is presented. High-speed surface temperature measurement using thin junction thermocouples coupled with high-speed flow field characterization using particle image velocimetry (PIV) are used simultaneously to investigate the effect of pressure during FWI (Pint) and turbulence intensity (q) on the heat flux peak (QP). In laminar combustion regimes, it is found that QP is proportional to Pint0.35. The increase in q is shown to affect both Pint and QP. Finally, comparing QP versus Pint for both laminar and turbulent combustion regimes, it is found that an increase in q leads to an increase in QP (b = 0.76).
A Solver for Multiobjective Mixed-Integer Convex and Nonconvex Optimization
Authors: Eichfelder Gabriele , Stein Oliver , Warnow Leo
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a general framework for solving multiobjective nonconvex optimization problems, i.e., optimization problems in which multiple objective functions have to be optimized simultaneously. Thereby, the nonconvexity might come from the objective or constraint functions, or from integrality conditions for some of the variables. In particular, multiobjective mixed-integer convex and nonconvex optimization problems are covered and form the motivation of our studies. The presented algorithm is based on a branch-and-bound method in the pre-image space, a technique which was already successfully applied for continuous nonconvex multiobjective optimization. However, extending this method to the mixed-integer setting is not straightforward, in particular with regard to convergence results. More precisely, new branching rules and lower bounding procedures are needed to obtain an algorithm that is practically applicable and convergent for multiobjective mixed-integer optimization problems. Corresponding results are a main contribution of this paper. What is more, for improving the performance of this new branch-and-bound method we enhance it with two types of cuts in the image space which are based on ideas from multiobjective mixed-integer convex optimization. Those combine continuous convex relaxations with adaptive cuts for the convex hull of the mixed-integer image set, derived from supporting hyperplanes to the relaxed sets. Based on the above ingredients, the paper provides a new multiobjective mixed-integer solver for convex problems with a stopping criterion purely in the image space. What is more, for the first time a solver for multiobjective mixed-integer nonconvex optimization is presented. We provide the results of numerical tests for the new algorithm. Where possible, we compare it with existing procedures.
Land-use pattern and landscape structure impact butterfly diversity and abundance in organic agroecosystems
Authors: Guderjan Laura , Habel Jan Christian , Schröder Boris , Schmitt Thomas
Published: September 2023

Context

Agricultural intensification and land-use patterns impact biodiversity and reduce ecosystem functions. Organic farming is often seen as a more biodiversity friendly way of farming. However, not all organic farming is equally supportive for biodiversity, structural diversity of the farms has a great impact and the often high intertwinement of organic and conventional farmland causes spill-over problems.

Objective

On organic farmland in central Italy, we analysed butterfly diversity and community structures in different land-use categories across a heterogeneous landscape. We aim to analyse the impact of the different land-use structures such as hedges and forest edges on this farmland, as well as the influence of adjoining conventionally farmed areas.

Methods

We studied butterflies on organic farmland including olive and hazelnut plantations, as well as meadows and fallow land, surrounded by hedges and forests. Hereby we considered the effects of land-use on the studied site and the adjoining land, e.g., semi-natural habitats (as hedges or forest edges), organic or conventional farmland. We counted butterflies along line transects and recorded habitat parameters for each transect. All encountered butterflies were classified according their ecological demands, behaviour, and life-history.

Results

We found highest mean butterfly species richness in fallow land and lowest in hazelnut plantations. Species community structures differed hardly between plantations and meadows, but considerably compared to fallow land. Butterfly abundances are  reduced for olive plantations adjacent to agricultural fields treated with pesticides, compared to such surrounded by organic fields. Habitat para-meters such as the number of flowering plant species and shade impact butterfly diversity and abundance. Forest edges producing considerable shadow to the transects had a significantly negative effect on diversity and abundance, while the influence of hedges was positive.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, we conclude that also organic farmland has different degrees of biodiversity depending on a variety of land-use pattern. In particular, habitat heterogeneity and a high diversity of flowers positively influence butterfly diversity. The intensive mixing of organic and conventional agriculture must be seen critical for conservation as negative effects might spill over to organic fields, but might be compensable by landscape structures like hedges.
Cerebrospinal fluid exosomal protein alterations via proteomic analysis of NSCLC with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
Authors: Hou Lan , Chen Xin , Qiu Gang , Qi Xuejiao , Zou Yueli , He Junying , Bu Hui
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a rare complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with highly mortality. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a special kind of tumor microenvironment (TME) better represents alterations than plasma. However, the clinical value of protein profiles of exosome in CSF as liquid biopsy remains unclear.

Methods

In this study, CSF samples of NSCLC patients with (LC group) or without (NSCLC group) LC were collected and compared to patients without tumors (normal group). CSF exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and protein profiles were performed by label-free proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by bioinformatics tools and verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM).

Results

A total of 814 proteins were detected. Bioinformatics analysis revealed their shared function in the complement activation, extracellular region, and complement and coagulation cascades. Between LC and NSCLC group, 72 DEPs were found among which FN1 demonstrated the highest betweenness centrality (BC) after protein-protein interaction network analysis.

Conclusion

We investigated the application of label free and PRM based proteomics to detect key proteins related to LC. FN1 may serve as potential indicator to classify LC and NSCLC. Extracellular matrix (ECM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important in the process of LC. These data is promising for early prediction and diagnosis of LC.
Examining the Link Between Implementation Fidelity, Quality, and Effectiveness of Teacher-Delivered Anti-Bullying Interventions in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tolmatcheff Chloé , Veenstra René , Roskam Isabelle , Galand Benoit
Published: September 2023

This study examined the relation between both implementation fidelity and quality and the outcomes of two different anti-bullying interventions targeting distinct processes involved in bullying: moral disengagement and social norms. In total, 34 French-speaking Belgian teachers from six elementary schools were trained to deliver either the moral disengagement or the social norms intervention to their Grade 4–6 students (N = 747, 50.4% boys) in a randomized controlled trial. Students reported their moral disengagement, perceived injunctive class norm toward bullying, and bullying behaviors in the fall and spring of the 2018–2019 school year. Teachers’ implementation fidelity and quality were assessed through direct observation in each class by two independent raters with a satisfying interrater reliability. A multiplicative moderated mediation model using latent change scores revealed that both greater fidelity and quality amplified students’ decrease in moral disengagement, which was accompanied by a decrease in bullying. Importantly, when quality was sufficient, fidelity did not matter. However, higher fidelity could compensate for a lack of quality. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant change in students’ perceptions of the class injunctive norm, even under ideal implementation conditions. Alternative mediators should thus be considered. Because implementation by teachers inevitably fluctuates, anti-bullying program components should be evaluated under various implementation conditions to determine their cost-effectiveness ratio and to gain insights into how anti-bullying programs work.
The perils of regulation and the theory of interventionism – an application to the Berlin rent freeze
Authors: Molden Max
Published: September 2023

This paper studies the Berlin rent freeze introduced in 2020 and repealed in 2021. While the so-called Berliner Mietendeckel did lower rents in the regulated segment as intended, it was accompanied by several undesirable consequences, inter alia, less housing offered on the market. I take a dynamic, market process-based approach – relying on Kirzner’s ‘perils of regulation’, and the theory of interventionism – in order to produce a comprehensive overview of the costs of the rent freeze which shall help inform a balanced judgment of the policy measure. Most significantly, the rent freeze impacted the discovery process: it stifled the systemic capacity to discover profit opportunities, and it created superfluous profit opportunities. While the types of these and similar costs can be described, the costs themselves are unknowable. Still, a comprehensive evaluation demands taking these costs into account. I conclude that the Berlin experience shows two things: Firstly, the aptness of a dynamic, market process-based approach to understand such phenomena, including explaining the rent freeze as part of a dynamic interventionist process. And second the superiority of the market process, the power of free entry, and the severity of knowledge problems for policy-makers.
Students’ Perceptions of a “Feminised” Physics Curriculum
Authors: Abraham Jessy , Barker Katrina
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, several countries have made efforts to close the historic gender gap in physics through curricular reforms. Research indicates that while the acute underrepresentation of females in physics courses and related careers is linked to a number of interlaced social, contextual and motivational factors, the personal relevance of physics curricula is important. Some researchers argue that physics has been historically perceived as a “masculine” domain which operates through contexts that are unfamiliar to females. Introduction of a “girl-friendly” physics curriculum is one of the prominent measures employed to mitigate this concern, with researchers arguing that a context-based/humanistic physics curriculum will improve gender inclusivity and thereby increase females’ motivation to learn physics. However, this approach has been criticised as a “feminisation” of the physics curriculum. This paper uses a mixed-methods approach underpinned by expectancy-value theory, to analyse 247 students’ perceptions of an Australian senior secondary physics curriculum and investigates the claim that including “female-friendly” topics will make physics more appealing to females. Findings suggest that while most students found their physics curriculum interesting and personally relevant, neither females nor males found the “feminine” topics particularly appealing. Both male and female students also found there was a lack of mathematical applications, and they identified descriptive topics, such as those addressing social and historical contexts, as uninteresting and irrelevant in a physics curriculum. This paper concludes that gender was non-significant in student perceptions of a senior secondary physics curriculum.
A Note on the Hausdorff Distance Between Norm Balls and Their Linear Maps
Authors: Haddad Shadi , Halder Abhishek
Published: September 2023

We consider the problem of computing the (two-sided) Hausdorff distance between the unit $\ell _{p_{1}}$

ℓ

p
1

and $\ell _{p_{2}}$

ℓ

p
2

norm balls in finite dimensional Euclidean space for $1 \leq p_{1} < p_{2} \leq \infty $
1
≤

p
1

<

p
2

≤
∞
, and derive a closed-form formula for the same. We also derive a closed-form formula for the Hausdorff distance between the $k_{1}$

k
1

and $k_{2}$

k
2

unit $D$
D
-norm balls, which are certain polyhedral norm balls in $d$
d
dimensions for $1 \leq k_{1} < k_{2} \leq d$
1
≤

k
1

<

k
2

≤
d
. When two different $\ell _{p}$

ℓ
p

norm balls are transformed via a common linear map, we obtain several estimates for the Hausdorff distance between the resulting convex sets. These estimates upper bound the Hausdorff distance or its expectation, depending on whether the linear map is arbitrary or random. We then generalize the developments for the Hausdorff distance between two set-valued integrals obtained by applying a parametric family of linear maps to different $\ell _{p}$

ℓ
p

unit norm balls, and then taking the Minkowski sums of the resulting sets in a limiting sense. To illustrate an application, we show that the problem of computing the Hausdorff distance between the reach sets of a linear dynamical system with different unit norm ball-valued input uncertainties, reduces to this set-valued integral setting.
Situated authenticity in episodic memory
Authors: Dings Roy , McCarroll Christopher J. , Newen Albert
Published: September 2023

A recalled memory is deemed authentic when it accurately represents how one experienced the original event. However, given the convincing research in cognitive science on the constructive nature of memory, this inevitably leads to the question of the ‘bounds of authenticity’. That is, how similar does a memory have to be to the original experience to still count as authentic? In this paper we propose a novel account of ‘Situated Authenticity’ which highlights that the norms of authenticity are context-dependent. In particular, we show that each of the three core functions of episodic memory (self, social and directive) is correlated with patterned changes in levels of conceptualization (e.g., concrete construal versus abstract construal of the event). We support this theoretical account with existing empirical data. We conclude the paper by showing how our account of Situated Authenticity supplements ongoing discussions on memory contextualism, and providing an outline of how our account, which is currently elaborated targeting a phenomenological level, may also be elaborated on a processing level using the concept of representational format.
The price of retribution: evidence from the willingness to pay for short-term prison sentences compared to community service orders
Authors: Wermink Hilde , Been Jim , Schuyt Pauline , van Wijck Peter , Blokland Arjan
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study is to estimate the price of retribution.

Methods

Based on administrative data on all sentences in the Netherlands in 2012 and recidivism from 2012 to 2018, we first investigate whether community service orders are more effective in reducing recidivism than short-term imprisonment using an instrumental variable approach. Next, we compute the cost savings that could be obtained by replacing short-term prison sanctions with equivalent community service orders.

Results

We find that short-term prison sanctions lead to an increase in recidivism and an increase in the costs of sanctioning. We find that Dutch society pays about 400 million euros per year for retribution. This is about 21,000 euros per sanctioned offense per year and about 45 euros per taxpayer per year in the Netherlands. This is most likely a lower bound.

Conclusions

Our study reveals the willingness to pay for retribution as implied by judicial choices.
Efficient Search for Superspecial Hyperelliptic Curves of Genus Four with Automorphism Group Containing $${\textbf{C}}_6$$
Authors: Kudo Momonari , Nakagawa Tasuku , Takagi Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2023

In arithmetic and algebraic geometry, superspecial (s.sp. for short) curves are one of the most important objects to be studied, with applications to cryptography and coding theory. If$$g \ge 4$$g≥4, it is not even known whether there exists such a curve of genusgin general characteristic$$p > 0$$p>0, and in the case of$$g=4$$g=4, several computational approaches to search for those curves have been proposed. In the genus-4 hyperelliptic case, Kudo-Harashita proposed a generic algorithm to enumerate all s.sp. curves, and recently Ohashi-Kudo-Harashita presented an algorithm specific to the case where automorphism group contains the Klein 4-group as a subgroup. In this paper, we propose an algorithm with complexity$${\tilde{O}}(p^4)$$O~(p4)in theory but$${\tilde{O}}(p^3)$$O~(p3)in practice to enumerate s.sp. hyperelliptic curves of genus 4 with automorphism group containing the cyclic group of order 6. By executing the algorithm over Magma, we enumerate those curves forpup to 1000. We also succeeded in finding a s.sp. hyperelliptic curve of genus 4 in everypwith$$p \equiv 2 \pmod {3}$$p≡2(mod3).
The Potential Role of Probiotics in the Management of Osteoarthritis Pain: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Rahman Syed Obaidur , Bariguian Frédérique , Mobasheri Ali
Published: September 2023

Purpose of Review

This narrative review article comprehensively explains the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) pain perception, how the gut microbiota is correlated with it, possible molecular pathways involved in probiotics-mediated OA pain reduction, limitations in the current research approaches, and future perspectives.

Recent Findings

The initiation and progression of OA, including the development of chronic pain, is intricately associated with activation of the innate immune system and subsequent inflammatory responses. Trauma, lifestyle (e.g., obesity and metabolic disease), and chronic antibiotic treatment can disrupt commensal homeostasis of the human microbiome, thereby affecting intestinal integrity and promoting leakage of bacterial endotoxins and metabolites such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into circulation. Increased level of LPS is associated with knee osteophyte severity and joint pain. Both preclinical and clinical studies strongly suggest that probiotics may benefit patients with OA pain through positive gut microbiota modulation and attenuating low-grade inflammation via multiple pathways. Patent data also suggests increased interest in the development of new innovations that involve probiotic use for reducing OA and joint pain.

Recent data suggest that probiotics are attracting more and more attention for OA pain management. The advancement of knowledge in this area may pave the way for developing different probiotic strains that can be used to support joint health, improve treatment outcomes in OA, and reduce the huge impact of the disease on healthcare systems worldwide.
How to Distinguish Feigned from Genuine Depressive Symptoms: Response Patterns and Content Analysis of the SIMS Affective Disorder Scale
Authors: Ricci Eleonora , Colasanti Marco , Monaro Merylin , Mazza Cristina , Cardinale Alessandra , Bosco Francesca , Mazzoni Giuliana , Arnaud Clelia Rossi , Ferracuti Stefano , Di Domenico Alberto , Roma Paolo
Published: September 2023

In civil and forensic evaluations of psychological damage, depression is one of the most commonly identified disorders, and also one of the most frequently feigned. Thus, practitioners are often confronted with situations in which they must assess whether the symptomatology presented by a patient is genuine or being feigned for secondary gains. While effective, traditional feigning detection instruments generate a high number of false positives—especially among patients presenting with severe symptomatology. The current study aimed at equipping forensic specialists with an empirical decision-making strategy for evaluating patient credibility on the basis of test results. In total, 315 participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and SIMS Affective Disorders (SIMS AF) scales. Response patterns across the experimental groups (i.e., Honest, Simulators, Honest with Depressive Symptoms) were analyzed. A machine learning decision tree model (i.e., J48), considering performance on both measures, was built to effectively distinguish Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects from Simulators. A forward logistic regression model was run to determine which SIMS AF items best identified Simulators, in comparison with Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects. The results showed that the combination of feigning detection instruments and clinical tests generated incremental specificity, thereby reducing the risk of misclassifying Honest with Depressive Symptoms subjects as feigners. Furthermore, the performance analysis of SIMS AF items showed that Simulators were more likely to endorse three specific items. Thus, computational models may provide effective support to forensic practitioners, who must make complex decisions on the basis of multiple elements. Future research should revise the content of SIMS AF items to achieve better accuracy in the discrimination between feigners and honest subjects with depressive symptoms.
Laboratory and clinical management capacity for invasive fungal infections: the Italian landscape
Authors: Vena Antonio , Bassetti Matteo , Mezzogori Laura , Marchesi Francesco , Hoenigl Martin , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Corcione Silvia , Bartoletti Michele , Stemler Jannik , Pagano Livio , Cornely Oliver A. , Salmanton-García Jon
Published: September 2023

Background

We assessed the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD) in Italy to detect limitations and potential for improvement.

Methods

The survey was available online at www.clinicalsurveys.net/uc/IFI management capacity/, and collected variables such as (a) institution profile, (b) perceptions of IFD in the respective institution, (c) microscopy, (d) culture and fungal identification, (e) serology, (f) antigen detection, (g) molecular tests, (h) susceptibility testing and (i) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Results

The laboratory capacity study received responses from 49 Italian centres, with an equitable geographical distribution of locations. The majority of respondents (n = 36, 73%) assessed the occurrence of IFD as moderate-high, with Aspergillus spp. being the pathogen of highest concern, followed by Candida spp. and Mucorales. Although 46 (94%) of the institutions had access to microscopy, less than half of them performed direct microscopy on clinical specimens always when IFD was suspected. Cultures were available in all assessed laboratories, while molecular testing and serology were available in 41 (83%), each. Antigen detection tests and antifungal drugs were also generally accessible (> 90%) among the participating institutions. Nevertheless, access to TDM was limited (n = 31, 63%), with a significant association established between therapeutic drug monitoring availability and higher gross domestic product per capita.

Conclusions

Apart from TDM, Italy is adequately prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of IFD, with no significant disparities depending on gross domestic product. Future efforts may need to focus on enhancing the availability and application of direct microscopic methods, as well as TDM, to promote optimal treatment and better patient outcomes.
Behavioral Risk Preferences and Dividend Changes: Exploring the Linkages with Prospect Theory Through Empirical Analysis
Authors: Hasan Fakhrul , Kayani Umar Nawaz , Choudhury Tonmoy
Published: September 2023

In this research paper we used prospect theory (PT) to analysis the association between risk and dividend changes. We used global index (24 countries index data) data from 2000 to 2021. To improve PT, we suggest a novel alternative to the traditional reference point. Reference was established by tracking dividend growth or declines across sectors. The assumption is that before the end of the period, all the firms’ industrial dividend changes have to be known. In this research we calculated our reference point separately for individual years because the mean of industry dividend changes in the previous year. We utilised GMM estimation for the robustness test and split our sample up by business size, and we used 3 empirical methods (pooled regression, industry regression, and cross-sectional regressions analysis). Using the aforementioned empirical methods, we determined that dividend fluctuations are significantly correlated with a decrease in a company's risk. These findings imply that companies whose dividend changes are more than (less than) their benchmark will take on more (less) risk.