bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardisation of Recipes for Preparation of Value-Added Products f0072om Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus)
Authors: Sahrwat Rahul , Topno Samir E. , Bahadur Vijay
Published: July 2023

Dragon fruit is perishable in nature and is available only in season. Value added product from dragon fruit will be available throughout the year Product recipe needed to be developed for maintaining quality and acceptability to the consumers. The present experiment was carried out during 2022 in Post Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design with 9 treatment replicated thrice. The treatments were T0 (Control),T1 (Strawberry Juice (20% of Total Fruit Juice content)),T2 (Strawberry Juice (30% Of Total Fruit Juice content )),T3(Strawberry Juice (50% of Total Fruit Juice content)),T4 (Aloe Vera Gel (5% of Total Fruit Juice content)),T5 (Aloe Vera Gel (10% of Total Fruit Juice content)),T6 (Aloe Vera Gel (15% of Total Fruit Juice content)),T7 (Kiwi Juice (20% of Total Fruit Juice)),T8 (Kiwi Juice (30% of Total Fruit Juice)),T9 (Kiwi Juice (50% of Total Fruit Juice)). On the basis of our experimental finding it was found that the treatment T3 : Strawberry Juice (50% of Total Fruit Juice content) was found best in the terms of taste, shelf life , TSS, Ascorbic acid, Acidity and organoleptic parameters.
Grouping of Disease Resistant Sorghum Genotypes Based on Cluster Analysis Multivariate Tool
Authors: Pavithra V. , Ashalatha K. V. , Swathi B. , Vinay H. T. , Ragi Shridhar
Published: July 2023

Sorghum ranks as the fifth leading cereal grain globally in terms of both production and cultivated area, following wheat, rice, maize, and barley. Disease incidence is a significant limiting factor for sorghum production, directly impacting crop yield. This study utilizes secondary data collected from the All India Co-ordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Sorghum, Dharwad Centre. A total of forty-four genotypes were assessed in Initial Advanced Hybrid Trials, and forty-three genotypes were evaluated in Varietal Trials to study disease incidence, specifically Downy mildew, Charcoal rot, and Rust. The disease scores obtained from all genotypes were subjected to Hierarchical Clustering analysis to cluster the genotypes based on their disease resistance. The clustering analysis, using between-group linkage and dendrogram construction, resulted in the division of the forty-four hybrids into two clusters, while the forty-three varieties were grouped into three clusters. Notably, CSV 22 and CSV 29 R demonstrated high resistance to charcoal rot and resistance to both downy mildew and rust. On the other hand, SPV2758 and SPV2746 exhibited high susceptibility to downy mildew, resistance to rust, and moderate resistance to charcoal rot. The identified genotypes in this study hold potential as valuable sources of multiple disease resistance for incorporation into breeding programs aimed at varietal or hybrid development.
Response of Bio-Organics on Soil Fertility Status and Morphological Parameters of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) (var. PDM 139)
Authors: Bhavesh Ushana , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan
Published: July 2023

An experiment was conducted during zaid (April- July) season 2021-22 to study ” Response of Bio- organics on Soil Fertility Status and Morphological Parameters of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) (var. PDM 139) on central research farm department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The design applied for statistical analysis was carried out with randomized block design having two factors with three levels of @vermicompost 0,50and100% per ha, three levels of @FYM 0, 50and100% per ha. The best treatment T9 (100%FYM+ 100%Vermicompost @10 t ha-1 ) has effect on physical and chemical property of soil. The observed in post harvest soil resulted were significantly increased maximum values of percentage pore space (%)(47.90 and 45.90) at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth, water holding capcity (46.06 and 43.56%) at 0-15 and 15- 30 cm soil depth, organic carbon (%) (0.597and 0.601%) at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth, Nitrogen (kg ha-1) (287.00 and 275.88 kg ha-1) at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth, Phosphorus (kg ha-1) (26.35 and 23.41kg ha-1) at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth and Potassium (kg ha-1) (209.31 and 179.31 kg 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth the plant height was at different DAS 30 and 60 (11.2,38.9) No. of branches per plant 30 and 60(3.9,7.4) No. of nodules per plant(46.1) No. of pods per plant(19.40) Test weight (32.58) Grain yield (1357.6).
Rainfed Rice Genotypes Adaptability to Excess Iron Stress in Hydroponic Culture
Authors: Tamuly Danish , Das K. N.
Published: July 2023

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a nutritional disorder that affects lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Excessive amounts of reduced Fe(II) in the soil solution, its uptake by the rice roots, and its transpiration-driven transport result in elevated Fe(II) concentrations in leaf cells that catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species. The oxidative stress causes rusty brown spots on leaves (bronzing) and the reduction of biomass and yield. While the use of resistant genotypes is the most promising approach to address the problem, the stress appears to differentially affect rice plants as a function of plant age, climatic conditions, stress intensity and duration, and the dominant adaptation mechanism. We comparatively assessed ten contrasting 4-week-old rice genotypes regarding their response (symptom score, agronomic traits, Fe concentrations in different plant parts) to different iron stress intensities (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mgL-1 Fe(II)) exposed for three days in an experiment conducted during the year 2021 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Rice varieties Bahadur and Podumoni were found to tolerate high iron concentrations through an exclusion mechanism.In contrast, Joymoti, Ranjit and Mahsuri could tolerate excess iron concentration even after imbibing iron into the plant system. Moniram and Bahadur could also tolerate high iron conditions by maintaining moderately high leaf iron concentrations. Kushal and Podumoni were sensitive and extremely sensitive, respectively.
Analysis of Causes of Death from Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Santos Suziane Do Socorro Dos , Freitas Karina Faine Da Silva , Corrêa Perla Katheleen Valente , Sousa Yasmin Martins De , Carvalho Maria De Lourdes Maia De Moraes De , Lima Danielle Etienne De Oliveira Bezerra , Soares Tamires De Nazaré , Vale Camila Carvalho Do , Ramalho Jully Greyce Freitas De Paula , Andrade Natasha Cristina Oliveira , Sousa Bruna Rafaela Da Silva , Kimura Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves , Freitas Joyce dos Santos , Sardinha Daniele Melo
Published: July 2023

Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem as a preventable cause in a developing country with great social inequality. The objective of this study was to investigate the causes of death due to mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020 and to analyze the trend of the mortality indicator. It is a cross-sectional and ecological research, with an analytical approach, with public health surveillance data in Brazil. The study analyzed 135,379 deaths from mental and behavioral disorders in Brazil from 2011 to 2020. In the mortality rate, the federation units with the highest rates were Sergipe with 135/100 thousand inhabitants, followed by Minas Gerais 110/100 thousand, Ceará 97 /100 thousand, and Paraná 74/100 thousand. There was a 38% increase in the difference between years, the adherence test was significant 0.0001. The chi- square test was significant by 0.0001, so the male gender is associated with deaths, as well as the young adult age group from 20 to 59, however between 60 and 69 males presented 79% when compared to females, similar to the male gender, is associated with the use of alcohol, multiple drugs, and other psychoactive substances, with the use of cocaine and with the use of tobacco, and with female unspecified dementia, depressive episodes, and vascular dementia. As Brazil is a developing country with great social inequalities, it was to be expected that this cause would be so important in the country. However, public policies should be directed mainly towards the reduction of preventable causes, reducing public spending, and improving the quality of life of the population.
Identifying Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 from Three Medicinal Plants: An in silico Study
Authors: Morebise Olugbenga , Kulkarni Sharvari
Published: July 2023

Covid-19, caused by SARS-Cov-2, almost brought the world to a standstill due to its transmission from person to person, thereby leading to abrupt changes globally. The virus has utilized different mechanisms to get access into host tissues in order to enact its virulence. One of such is the ligation of its viral spike glycoproteins to the host’s angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by transmembrane serine protease. Inhibitors of the ACE-2 have been reported to be useful in curtailing the spread of the virus. Medicinal plants have been reported to be used in different communities to fight the Covid disease. In this study, the inhibitory actions of 23 ligands selected from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Artemisia annua and Andrographis paniculata on ACE-2 were investigated using computer aided drug designing techniques. Grazoprevir was used as a reference ligand. The 3-D structures of the 24 ligands were retrieved from the PubChem database in their Structure Data Format (SDF). ACE-2 was retrieved in its Protein Data Bank (PDB) format. The protein and ligands were prepared and loaded for molecular docking algorithm. The reference drug and many ligands, especially from A. paniculata, exhibited good docking properties. 5-hydroxy-7, 2’, 6’trimethoxyflavone (CID 5318369) from A. paniculata, displayed binding energies of -7.4kcal/mol and 2 H bonds with Asn394 residue of the ACE-2 protein, and was thereafter subjected to molecular dynamics simulation at 70ns. After simulation, prominent H bonds were seen for Asn394, Gly395, Lys562 and Asn103. Phe40, Trp69, Leu120 and Phe390 showed hydrophobic interactions. The overall protein, ligand and complex dynamicity and conformational stability suggest that the interaction with the protein binding site region is highly preferable for the desired activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the ligands from A. paniculata exhibited great docking properties against ACE-2. In particular, 5-Hydroxy-7, 2’, 6’trimethoxyflavone (CID 5318369) displayed good docking and molecular dynamics simulation results and is therefore recommended for clinical trials.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Complete Heart Block in Children after Surgical Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects: The Role of Pacemaker Therapy
Authors: Nady Moshera Mohamed El , Amrousy Doaa Mohamed El , Lotfy Wael Mohamed , Zoair Amr Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Background: Many issues might arise with surgical closure, such as postoperative pain, sternotomy scar, and postoperative arrhythmias as well as heart block. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for complete heart block (CHB) among children following surgical ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.
Methods: This retrospective work was performed on 126 pediatric individuals, with a history of VSD closure surgically. There were two groups of participants: Group 1 (Post-surgical CHB group): (n=42) had CHB. and Group 2 (Post-surgical non CHB group): (n=84) without CHB.
Results: Temporary Pacemaker was needed in 11 cases (26.19%), temporary then endocardial pacemaker occurred in 21 cases (50%), epicardial pacemaker occurred in 3 cases (7.14%), and endocardial pacemaker in 7 cases (16.67%). No complications occurred in 38 cases (90.48%), sepsis after one week occurred in 1 case (2.38%). Body weight at closure, type of VSD, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) before surgery and procedure time were independent significant predictors for occurrence of CHB (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Low body weight at closure, large peri-membranous and inlet VSD, high mPAP before surgery were independent significant risk factors or predictors for occurrence of CHB after surgical closure of VSD. Pacemaker therapy is the only beneficial therapy of post-operative CHB.
Implementation of a Microcontroler Based Multiple Source Power Supply Selector with Priority Option
Authors: C. P. Sarmeje , D. W. Medugu , N. Chukwuemeka
Published: July 2023

Increasing global use of technology in everyday chores has raised the need for electric power in our lives the need for constant power thereby becomes very paramount for the smooth running of modern systems. In Nigeria incessant outages have led to failures in systems and sometimes lives, necessitating the use of multiple sources of power for homes, offices and industries, each of which costs differently to use. This work presents the design and implementation of a microcontroller based multiple source power selector with priority selector. The inclusion of priority selection means each source can be selected for use based on its cost or quality/availability. When cost is prioritized by selection then mains power is first selected for use before generator, and when both are absent then solar is optionally available for selection. When uninterruptible power (UP) is prioritized then the source with better quality is selected for use. The three sources are each stepped down using three separate step down transformers, The output of which are rectified and sampled to an ATmega328 microcontroller which is programmed using C++ language to select the most appropriate output based on the Cost or quality/availability, the microcontroller commands relays that perform the switching action i.e. connecting the load to the most appropriate source. The system was simulated in Proteus simulation environment, Simulation result show that in all cases of performance the source that is supplied to the output is based on the priority mode selected. This system can be used in economy mode for homes where cost of power is the criteria while in hospitals the UP-priority mode is recommended because availability is what matters. This device reduces the possibility of complete power outage in the event of a power failure in any specific source. Users can connect their electronic gadgets to the device, which reduces the response time needed to switch from one power source to another.
Work or Alienation? A Conceptual Understanding of Academic Labour Process in Neo-liberal University System
Authors: Oladeinde Olusegun
Published: July 2023

In recent years, universities in Nigeria, and indeed elsewhere, have continued to face challenges on how to deliver more quality services to the stakeholders; both within and outside the University’s communities. These challenges have had to do with the ways in which Universities are funded and managed which consequently have implications on how the Universities organise and control academic work i.e. teaching, administration and research. These main responsibilities for academic staff in the Universities are conceptualised as academic labour process.  Within a more generic understanding of Higher Education’s (HE) Management, Universities are therefore expected to device more efficient means of managing, and organising academic work process. In this context, “quality” has come to convey improved processes which define the performance of Universities. However, these are not without implications on leadership roles, work experiences, quality of work-life balance, and employability of the academics. The Paper provides a conceptual review and theoretical understanding of academic labour process in the universities. It evaluates the normative assumptions, and the implications of academic labour process on the lived-work experience of academics.
An Assessment of the Relationship between Cultural Diversity and Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Mohammad Sohel , Qureshi Suhaib Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Cultural diversity is an essential aspect of human society, but it can create challenges in the context of disaster preparedness and response. Disasters can affect people from different cultures in different ways, and cultural differences can influence the way people prepare for and respond to disasters. This article assesses the relationship between cultural diversity and disaster preparedness, examining the ways in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness efforts. One way in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness is through attitudes towards risk. People from different cultures may have different perceptions of risk, which can influence their willingness to prepare for disasters. For example, people from some cultures may be more fatalistic about disasters, believing that they are beyond human control, while others may be more proactive in their disaster preparedness efforts. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for developing effective disaster preparedness strategies that take into account the needs and perspectives of diverse cultural groups. Another way in which cultural diversity can influence disaster preparedness is through beliefs about the causes of disasters. Different cultures may have different beliefs about the causes of disasters, which can influence the way people prepare for and respond to them. For example, people from some cultures may see disasters as the result of divine punishment, while others may attribute them to natural causes. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for developing effective disaster preparedness strategies that are sensitive to the beliefs and values of diverse cultural groups.
Analysis of Rehabilitation Services for Addicts and Victims of Drug Abuse Quality at the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting Regia Christiani Br , Suharyanto Agung , Deliana Marlina
Published: July 2023

The problem of drug abuse continues to escalate each year, necessitating concerted efforts from the relevant government agencies and all segments of society to address this issue. Rehabilitation has been identified as a crucial approach in combating drug abuse. However, the implementation of rehabilitation programs by the National Narcotics Agency for North Sumatra Province (BNNP-SU) has faced significant challenges due to the lack of supporting facilities. This study aims to assess the quality of rehabilitation services provided by the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency and identify the obstacles encountered during the implementation process. A qualitative research method was employed to gain insights into the services offered by the BNNP-SU, using observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. Based on Zeithaml et al.'s theory of service quality, five indicators were utilized: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The findings reveal that the rehabilitation services at the North Sumatra BNNP have been suboptimal, primarily due to several obstacles. In terms of tangibles, there is a lack of dedicated counseling rooms, inadequate commitment and involvement from both patients and their parents, counselors' failure to utilize counseling tools during consultations, and insufficient supervisory functions. Regarding reliability, the service providers have not fully utilized rehabilitation tools in the counseling process. The study highlights challenges in delivering high-quality rehabilitation services by the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency. Immediate action is necessary to address obstacles, including improving counseling facilities, fostering commitment from patients and families, providing proper training on counseling tools, and strengthening supervision. By overcoming these challenges, the BNNP-SU can enhance rehabilitation services and improve drug abuse prevention. Adherence to standard operating procedures and continuous evaluation and improvement are essential for ensuring comprehensive and reliable rehabilitation services.
Heterogeneous Doping via Methyl‐Encapsulated Fumed Silica Enabling Weak Solvated and Self‐Purified Electrolyte in Long‐Term High‐Voltage Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jinwei , Wu Siyao , Chu Fulu , Jiang Ziang , Wu Feixiang
Published: January 2025

Crafting a sustainable non‐aqueous electrolyte is paramount in the pursuit of high‐voltage lithium batteries that exhibit exceptional performance. Traditional carbonate‐based electrolytes encounter hurdles in maintaining electrochemical stability due to unstable interphases, as well as continuous degradation of the electrolyte itself. Herein, based on heterogeneous doping, a colloidal electrolyte with multiple functions via simple integrating methyl‐encapsulated fumed silica (MFS) into a conventional carbonate‐based electrolyte effectively addresses the aforementioned challenges. The produced colloidal electrolyte endowed with unexpected self‐purification capabilities effectively eliminates HF and H2O, consequently enhancing stability of the electrolyte, interphase, and electrode. Furthermore, MFS induces a weakly solvated Li+ structure that is heterogeneously doped into the original solvation matrix and contributes to the formation of tailored and stable electrode/electrolyte interphases for both anode and cathode. Using such electrolyte, Li||LiCoO2 batteries demonstrate capacity retentions of 83.6% and 95.4% within 3000 and 1000 cycles at charging voltages of 4.4 and 4.5 V, respectively. Remarkably, with addition of 2000 ppm H2O in this electrolyte, cells can be cycled stably over 400 cycles with a capacity retention of 88.6%. This simple and effective electrolyte engineering strategy has the sustainability to significantly advance the development of highly stable high‐voltage lithium batteries.
Intratumoral Collagen Deposition Supports Angiogenesis Suggesting Anti‐angiogenic Therapy in Armored and Cold Tumors
Authors: Mei Jie , Yang Kai , Zhang Xinkang , Luo Zhiwen , Tian Min , Fan Hanfang , Chu Jiahui , Zhang Yan , Ding Junli , Xu Junying , Cai Yun , Yin Yongmei
Published: January 2025

A previous study classifies solid tumors based on collagen deposition and immune infiltration abundance, identifying a refractory subtype termed armored & cold tumors, characterized by elevated collagen deposition and diminished immune infiltration. Beyond its impact on immune infiltration, collagen deposition also influences tumor angiogenesis. This study systematically analyzes the association between immuno‐collagenic subtypes and angiogenesis across diverse cancer types. As a result, armored & cold tumors exhibit the highest angiogenic activity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal close interactions and spatial co‐localization of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In vitro experiments demonstrate that collagen stimulates tumor cells to express vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and directly enhances vessel formation and endothelial cell proliferation through sex determining region Y box 18 (SOX18) upregulation. Collagen inhibition via multiple approaches effectively suppresses tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, armored & cold tumors display superior responsiveness to anti‐angiogenic therapy in advanced LUAD cohorts. Post‐immunotherapy resistance, the transformation into armored & cold tumors emerges as a potential biomarker for selecting anti‐angiogenic therapy. In summary, collagen deposition is shown to drive angiogenesis across various cancers, providing a novel and actionable framework to refine therapeutic strategies combining chemotherapy with anti‐angiogenic treatments.
Multivariate Approaches Boosting Lithium‐Mediated Ammonia Electrosynthesis in Different Electrolytes
Authors: Mangini Anna , Mygind Jon Bjarke Valbæk , Ballesteros Sara Garcia , Pedico Alessandro , Armandi Marco , Chorkendorff Ib , Bella Federico
Published: January 2025

Ammonia electrosynthesis through the lithium‐mediated approach has recently reached promising results towards high activity and selectivity in aprotic media, reaching high Faradaic efficiency (FE) values and NH3 production rates. To fasten the comprehension and optimization of the complex lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction system, for the first time a multivariate approach is proposed as a powerful tool to reduce the number of experiments in comparison with the classical one‐factor‐at‐a‐time approach. Doehlert design and surface response methodology are employed to optimize the electrolyte composition for a batch autoclaved cell. The method is validated with the common LiBF4 salt, and the correlations between the FE and the amount of lithium salt and ethanol as proton donor are elucidated, also discussing their impact on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Moreover, a new fluorinated salt is proposed (i.e., lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate (LiFOB)), taking inspiration from lithium batteries. This salt is chosen to tailor the SEI layer, with the aim of obtaining a bifunctional interfacial layer, both stable and permeable to N2, the latter being an essential characteristic for batch systems. The SEI layer composition is confirmed strategic and its tailoring with LiFOB boosts FE values.
Revealing the CO Tolerance Mechanism in Acidic Hydrogen Oxidation Reactions on Platinum‐Based Catalyst Surfaces
Authors: Chen Zi‐Han , Chen Xing , Kang Wei , Zheng Shisheng , He Quan‐Feng , Li Qiong‐Qiong , Zhang Yu‐Xing , Hou Yu‐Cheng , Tian Jing‐Hua , Dong Jin‐Chao , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: January 2025

The presence of trace CO impurity gas in hydrogen fuel can rapidly deactivate platinum‐based hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts due to poisoning effects, yet the precise CO tolerance mechanism remains debated. Our designed Au@PtX bifunctional core–shell nanocatalysts exhibit excellent performance of CO tolerance in acidic solution during HOR and possess exceptional Raman spectroscopy enhancement. Through capturing and analyzing in situ Raman spectroscopy evidences on *OH, metal‐O species and *CO evolution under 0.3 V, we confirm that oxygen‐containing species on PtRu and PtSn catalysts promote the oxidation and desorption of *CO. While Ru enhances *CO adsorption on Pt, the primary CO tolerance performance of PtRu arises from *CO oxidation via a bifunctional pathway. Additionally, electronic structure of Sn reduces *CO adsorption on Pt sites, complementing the bifunctional mechanism to further enhance the CO tolerance performance of PtSn. These discoveries significantly deepen our understanding of the anti‐poisoning mechanism of Pt‐based catalysts in the HOR process and offer valuable insights for rational catalyst design.
Ultrafast Water Purification by Template‐Free Nanoconfined Catalysts Derived from Municipal Sludge
Authors: Gu Chao‐Hai , Du Meng , Han Ru‐Yi , Zhang Ai‐Yong , Yu Han‐Qing , Xing Mingyang
Published: January 2025

Nanoconfinement at the interface of heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts offers promising avenues for advancing oxidation processes in water purification. Herein, we introduce a template‐free strategy for synthesizing nanoconfined catalysts from municipal sludge (S‐NCCs), specifically engineered to optimize reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and utilization for rapid pollutant degradation. Using selective hydrofluoric acid corrosion, we create an architecture that confines atomically dispersed Fe centers within a micro‐mesoporous carbon matrix in situ. This method maximizes the utilization of silicon and aluminum content from sludge, prevents metal agglomeration, and precisely regulates the chemical environment of Fe active sites. As a result, the S‐NCCs promote a transition from nonradical to hybrid radical/nonradical reaction mechanisms, significantly enhancing ROS efficiency, stability, and pollutant degradation rates. These catalysts demonstrate exceptional pollutant removal performance, achieving a 261‐fold increase in degradation efficiency for compounds such as phenol and sulfamethoxazole compared to unconfined analogs, outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art Fenton‐like systems. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of nanoconfined catalysis in environmental applications, providing an effective and scalable solution for sustainable water purification.
Boosting C‐O Bond Cleavage and Reverse Water‐Gas Shift Activity via Enriched In‐Plane Sulfur Vacancies in Single‐Layer Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Shang Xin , Wang Weijue , Yang Xiaofeng , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang
Published: January 2025

The reduction of CO2 to CO provides a promising approach to the production of valuable chemicals through CO2 utilization. However, challenges persist with the rapid deactivation and insufficient activity of catalysts. Herein, we developed a soft‐hard dual‐template method to synthesize layered MoS2 using inexpensive and scalable templates, enabling facile regulation of sulfur vacancies by controlling the number of layers. The concentration of in‐plane vacancies keeps increasing with the reduction of MoS2 layer number, contributing to 100 % CO selectivity over single‐layer MoS2 and a stable performance over 300‐hour reaction at 600 °C. The space‐time‐yield of CO reached 35.7 gCO gcat−1 h−1, outperforming most current catalysts. Multiple characterizations and theoretical calculations revealed that in‐plane sulfur vacancy sites endowed enhanced production of CO via direct dissociation of CO2, showing an intrinsic activity of above 5.8 times higher than that of edge sulfur vacancy sites. The rate‐limiting step was shifted from C−O cleavage in edge to sulfur vacancy regeneration in plane with a lower energy barrier. Our findings exemplified the specified design and synthesis of MoS2 for high‐temperature CO2 reduction through the effective manipulation of distinct vacancy sites, shedding light on their potential industrial application.
Small‐Scale Recovery of a Native White‐Spotted Charr Population by Suppression of Non‐Native Brown Trout
Authors: Hasegawa Koh
Published: January 2025

If eradication is not feasible, suppressing a population size of non‐native species by removal is an alternative option for the conservation of native species that are impacted by non‐native species invasions. This study reports on the suppression of non‐native brown trout for the conservation of native white‐spotted charr in an upstream of Monbetsu Stream, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Brown trout removals were conducted from 2014 to 2023 by electrofishing. The population size of brown trout was dramatically reduced during the first three years of removals, and the ratio of white‐spotted charr to brown trout abundance gradually increased. However, the population size of white‐spotted charr did not fully recover, which can be explained by the openness of the system and likely also by the influence of interfering factors observed during the study, such as changes in stream morphology due to flooding and suspected illegal fish stocking. The abundance of young‐of‐the‐year brown trout also tended to be reduced when numerous mature females had been removed in previous years. This study suggests that suppressing non‐native fish species, even on a limited scale, can contribute to the conservation of native species. However, when preventing migration from downstream into the target stream reach is unfeasible, ongoing suppression of non‐native species becomes essential to ensure the conservation of native species in the area.
Integrated Geophysical Search for 19th‐Century Underground Tanks in Krakow (Poland): Analysis of 2D, 2.5D and 3D ERT Surveys
Authors: Pasierb Bernadetta , Nawrocki Wiesław
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the results of a noninvasive geophysical search for 19th‐century underground tanks located in the former Austrian imperial barracks complex of Archduke Rudolf in Krakow (Poland). The location of the tanks was necessary to assess their condition for safety reasons. Complementary geophysical methods in terms of field conditions and data acquisition, that is, magnetometry, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), were used to locate the tanks. Interdisciplinary surveys made it possible to identify the subsurface structure, locate sewage settling tanks and verify archival documentation. The paper presents the problems that arise in imaging underground structures using applied geophysical methods. The aim of the study was also to assess the effectiveness of these methods in subsurface identification, including 2D, 2.5D and 3D ERT surveys. The applied sequence of measurements (magnetometric, GPR and ERT) proved to be correct and the most effective. It allowed for narrowing down the research area. Magnetometric measurements allowed for the location of iron elements related to the construction of the tanks. GPR measurements determined their range. The ERT results showed that 2D and 2.5D surveys conducted in the parallel‐line arrangement are as effective in determining the location of an anomalous object as the 3D orthogonal‐line arrangement. The 3D method enabled the identification of additional anomalies not detected by the 2.5D method. From the point of view of the practicality of both techniques, the 2.5D method turned out to be better than the 3D method, due to the simplicity of the fieldwork, lower spatial and hardware requirements, a greater depth range and lower complexity of data acquisition and processing.
Uncertainties in Ground‐Based Visual Double Star Measures
Authors: Letchford Roderick R. , White Graeme L.
Published: January 2025

Stellar masses are found from the orbital elements of binary systems which are, in turn, computed from weighted astrometric measures. Astrometric measures of double stars (their position angle and separation) rarely include uncertainties, and published binary star orbits rarely include the weighting systems used in the determination of the orbital elements. Here we propose a simple method for estimating uncertainties of ground‐based measures of visual double stars based on precision space‐based astrometry of optical (not binary) double stars, which can be used as unbiased weights for all double star measures. The precision of ground‐based measures is examined as (i) a function of the date of observation, (ii) the telescope aperture, and (iii) the instrumentation (technique) used at the telescope. We also note in the Appendix, 19 pairs that are incorrectly described in Lin2 and six rectilinear pairs that may display curved motion.
Naa15 Haploinsufficiency and De Novo Missense Variants Associate With Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Interfere With Neurogenesis and Neuron Development
Authors: He Mei , Du Bing , Chen Guodong , Lyu Yongqing , Guo Hui , Jia Xiangbin , Xia Kun
Published: January 2025

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) encompass a group of conditions that impact brain development and function, exhibiting significant genetic and clinical heterogeneity. NAA15, the auxiliary subunit of the N‐terminal acetyltransferase complex, has garnered attention due to its association with NDDs. However, the precise role of NAA15 in cortical development and its contribution to NDDs remain elusive. By employing targeted sequencing on a large Chinese cohort affected by ASD and conducting an extensive literature review, we have compiled 64 distinct variants in the NAA15 gene identified among individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our research demonstrates that loss of NAA15 leads to a substantial increase in neuronal count, potentially resulting in aberrant brain development and triggering repetitive as well as anxious behaviors in mice models. Furthermore, disorder‐associated variants within NAA15 impair axon and synapse formation processes crucial for neural connectivity establishment. These findings shed light on the consequences of NAA15 deficiency along with its de novo mutations on brain development while unraveling the cellular mechanisms underlying NDDs.
Elevating Red and Near‐Infrared Detectivity With CsSnI3 Perovskite Photodetectors Featuring GO and PCBM as Charge Transport Layers
Authors: Pandey Pallavi , Chaudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Verma Sudhanshu
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on enhancing the performance of photodetector through the utilization of inorganic perovskite material. It emphasizes that the unique properties of perovskite materials contribute to the superior performance of the photodetector. The focus is on the design and enhancement of CsSnI3‐based photodetector having graphene oxide (GO) and PCBM as charge transport layer, analysing their potential for improved operation. The design process involves a series of optimizations to the device layers, particularly the absorber layer's thickness and defects, which is critical for enhanced efficiency. The designed photodetector exhibits a better responsivity and detectivity in red and near infrared region and maximum responsivity of 0.68 A/W and detectivity of 9 × 1012 Jones. The SCAPS‐1D tool is employed to facilitate the design analysis, enabling the fine‐tuning of the device parameters. The findings highlight the effectiveness of perovskite materials in boosting photodetector performance.
Efficacy and safety of KN026 and docetaxel for HER2‐positive breast cancer: a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Ma Jianli , Wang Jingxuan , Xu Ting , Ouyang Quchang , Wang Xiaojia , Wang Jingfen , Gan Lu , Ouyang Zhong , Lin Daren , Sun Tao , Shan Changping , Yao Herui , Zhang Baochun , Li Zhengguang , Zhuang Zhixiang , Lu Ying , Yang Hongwei , Huang Jian , Yang Xingwang , Sun Hongmei , Zhang Qingyuan
Published: January 2025

Background

The standard first‐line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive recurrent/metastatic breast cancer currently includes pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and docetaxel. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of KN026, an anti‐HER2 bispecific antibody, plus docetaxel in first‐line treatment of HER2‐positive recurrent/metastatic breast cancer.

Methods

This open‐label, single‐arm, phase II study enrolled patients with HER2‐positive recurrent/metastatic breast cancer in 19 centers across China from December 30, 2019 to May 27, 2021. Patients were administered KN026 (30 mg/kg) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2) in 21‐day cycles. Primary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR). In addition, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), clinical benefit rate (CBR) and safety profile were examined.

Results

A total of 57 patients were included. In the efficacy analysis set of 55 patients, the ORR was 76.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0%‐86.8%), and the CBR was 85.5% (95% CI, 73.3%‐93.5%). The median DOR was not reached (95% CI, 20.7 months‐not reached). In the safety set of 57 patients, the median PFS was 27.7 months (95% CI, 18.0 months‐not reached). The median OS was not reached, with OS rates at 12, 24 and 30 months of 93.0%, 84.1% and 78.5%, respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were detected in 36 (63.2%) patients. No deaths were attributed to KN026 or docetaxel.

Conclusion

KN026 plus docetaxel showed promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile in first‐line treatment of HER2‐positive recurrent/metastatic breast cancer.
Adult Attachment Style, Emotion Regulation and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder—A Preliminary Cross‐Sectional Mediational Investigation of an Attachment‐Based Model
Authors: Nielsen Sara Kerstine Kaya , Stuart Anne Christine , Winding Clas , Pedersen Mette Øllgaard , Daniel Sarah Ingrid Franksdatter , Vangkilde Signe , Rosenberg Nicole , Hageman Ida , Petersen Anders , Jørgensen Martin Balslev
Published: January 2025

There is evidence that emotion regulation plays a role in the aetiology and maintenance of OCD, but knowledge about what impacts emotion dysregulation is limited. Attachment style is related to both emotion regulation and OCD symptoms, but the link between them has not been thoroughly studied. Examining emotion dysregulation within the context of OCD through an attachment theory framework may lead to a better understanding of the aetiology and maintenance of OCD. In the present study, we combined theoretically and empirically derived knowledge to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation between attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) and OCD symptoms. One‐hundred seventy‐nine individuals with OCD were assessed with Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised (ECR‐R), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Yale‐Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (Y‐BOCS), and mediation analyses were conducted. Our results indicate that the association between OCD and attachment anxiety/avoidance was mediated by emotion dysregulation. The primary limitation of our study is that data are cross‐sectional and, therefore, we cannot infer anything about the causal direction of these relationships. A second limitation of the study is that two of the three measures were derived from self‐reported questionnaires, which may be prone to biassed reporting. Our results suggest that insecure attachment is important in OCD when taking emotion regulation into account. Thus, clinical interventions for OCD may improve by targeting attachment and difficulties related to emotion regulation. However, our findings are based on cross‐sectional data that preclude conclusions relating to causal influence.
A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Reappraisal of Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma—A Controversial and Pathologically Challenging Low‐Grade Sarcoma
Authors: Hirose Takeshi , Chang Hsin‐Yi , Saoud Carla , Lefkowitz Robert A. , Athanasian Edward , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare, low‐grade sarcoma affecting with predilection the acral soft tissues of middle‐aged adults. Clinically, MIFS is associated with a high rate of local recurrence but infrequent distant metastases. The diagnosis remains challenging due to their wide histologic spectrum and overlap with reactive, benign, and low‐grade malignant lesions. Moreover, a significant limitation is that molecular confirmation is achieved in only a subset of cases, due to its broad range of genetic alterations which requires a multiplatform approach. Thus, a definitive diagnosis, especially at nonacral sites and in molecularly negative cases, remains uncertain. Our goal was to perform a detailed clinicopathologic and molecular reappraisal of MIFS managed at a single tertiary cancer center with dedicated orthopedic oncology expertise. Additionally, we examined potential outcomes correlating with specific genetic alterations.

Patients and Methods

A cohort of 33 patients (12 males, 21 females, median age 52 years) was selected. Tumors were tested by FISH, Archer, and/or targeted NGS.

Results

VGLL3 amplification was detected in 84%, BRAF fusions in 33% and combined TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangements in 32% of cases. Two novel fusions were detected, RRAGB::CCNB3 and FGFR1::ZBTB47. Other events included a YAP1::MAML2 fusion in two cases, one co‐existing with a BRAF fusion. Overall, 8 (24%) patients recurred, 4 more than once, while 4 (12%) patients developed metastasis (3 locoregional, 1 pulmonary), all associated with VGLL3 gene amplification.

Conclusion

Positive margin status was associated with increased recurrence and reduced disease‐free survival (DFS, p = 0.02). Moreover, it emphasizes the impact of multiplatform molecular testing in confirming the diagnosis. The lack of both local recurrence and metastatic potential outside VGLL3 amplifications requires further investigation.
Sources and Enrichment Mechanisms of Li‐Rich Geothermal Springs in the Mediterranean‐Himalayan Belt: Modelling From Li Isotope and Hydrochemistry
Authors: Zhu Hongkai , Tan Hongbing , Cong Peixin , Shi Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

The eastern extension of the Mediterranean‐Himalayan geothermal belt contains numerous geothermal springs with anomalously high lithium (Li) content. These springs have long discharged substantial Li resources to the surface, underscoring their potential as a Li‐rich geological feature of significant interest. This study utilises field investigations of typical high‐temperature, Li‐rich geothermal springs in this region, along with Li isotope tracing, hydrogeochemical analysis, and simulation, to elucidate the mechanisms behind the anomalous Li enrichment in these springs and to establish a model for Li enrichment in geothermal systems. Our findings reveal that high‐temperature geothermal springs along the Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone in Tibet exhibit the highest recorded Li concentrations, generally exceeding those in other geothermal springs in the eastern extension by 1–2 orders of magnitude, with some even reaching concentrations suitable for industrial extraction. The discrepancy between the δ7Li values calculated for the geothermal springs and those measured, as well as the water–rock interactions simulated by PHREEQC, suggests that the Li leached solely from surrounding rocks is insufficient to account for the observed concentrations, indicating the presence of additional Li sources. In conclusion, the anomalous Li enrichment observed in these springs results from a combination of deep magmatic fluids, regionally Li‐enriched rocks, and intense water–rock interactions. The upwelling of residual magmatic fluids from partial crustal melting along the Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone plays a major role in forming geothermal springs with unusually high Li content. In contrast, springs formed by mantle‐derived magma, volcanism, or solely by water–rock interactions generally show only slight Li enrichment.
Impact of severe intra‐abdominal adhesions on early maternal complications following cesarean delivery
Authors: Ram Shai , Shalev‐Ram Hila , Alon Shira , Trigerman Shai , Many Ariel , Yogev Yariv , Attali Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Objective

The rising rates of cesarean delivery (CD), which are a leading cause of intra‐abdominal adhesions, represent a major concern for maternal health. We aimed to describe early maternal complications following CD in women with severe intra‐abdominal adhesions.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted at a university‐affiliated tertiary medical center (January 2021 and March 2023) in Israel. Women who underwent CD were assessed for intra‐abdominal adhesions by questionnaires completed by the surgeons. Adhesions were evaluated at four anatomical sites: abdomen‐to‐uterus, uterus‐to‐bladder, skin‐to‐fascia, and other intra‐abdominal sites. Each site was scored on a scale of 0–2, with a total score ranging from 0 to 8. Severe adhesions were defined as a total score ≥5. The primary outcome measures were a composite complication which included at least one or more of postoperative need for blood or iron products, fever, prolonged hospitalization, re‐hospitalization, and emergency room visits.

Results

Overall, 2797 women were included in the study, of whom 295 (10.6%) exhibited severe adhesions. Women with severe adhesions had a higher composite risk for maternal complications following CD (RR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.45, P < 0.001), specifically, postoperative need for blood or iron products (RR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15–2.55, P = 0.007) and prolonged hospitalization (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10–2.03, P = 0.009). There were no significant group differences in the rates of postoperative fever, re‐hospitalization or emergency room visits. In multivariate analysis, severe adhesions had an independent impact on maternal complications (CI: 1.06–1.95, P value 0.017).

Conclusion

Severe intra‐abdominal adhesions diagnosed in CD had an impact on early maternal complications.