bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of electrolytes for aluminum ion batteries: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kosar Maryam , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Diesenhaus Owen , Trant John F.
Published: October 2023

The aluminum ion battery (AIB) is a promising technology, but there is a lack of understanding of the desired nature of the batteries’ electrolytes. The ionic charge carriers in these batteries are not simply Al3+ ions but the anionic AlCl4− and Al2Cl7−, which form in the electrolyte. Using computational analysis, this study illustrates the effect of mole ratios and organic solvents to improve the AIB electrolytes. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on varying ratios forming acidic, neutral, and basic mixtures of the AlCl3 salt with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) ionic liquid (IL) and an organic solvent electrolyte [dichloromethane (DCM) or toluene]. The data obtained from diffusion calculations indicates that the solvents could improve the transport properties. Both DCM and toluene lead to higher diffusion coefficients, and higher conductivity. Detailed calculations demonstrated solvents can effectively improve the formation of AlCl3⋯Cl (AlCl4−) and AlCl4−···AlCl4− (Al2Cl7−) especially in acidic mixtures. The densities, around 1.25 g/cm3 for electrolyte mixtures of AlCl3-EMImCl, were consistent with experiment. These results, in agreement with experimental findings, strongly suggest that DCM in acidic media with AlCl3 and EMImCl might provide a promising basis for battery development.
Vendi sampling for molecular simulations: Diversity as a force for faster convergence and better exploration
Authors: Pasarkar Amey P. , Bencomo Gianluca M. , Olsson Simon , Dieng Adji Bousso
Published: October 2023

Molecular dynamics (MD) is the method of choice for understanding the structure, function, and interactions of molecules. However, MD simulations are limited by the strong metastability of many molecules, which traps them in a single conformation basin for an extended amount of time. Enhanced sampling techniques, such as metadynamics and replica exchange, have been developed to overcome this limitation and accelerate the exploration of complex free energy landscapes. In this paper, we propose Vendi Sampling, a replica-based algorithm for increasing the efficiency and efficacy of the exploration of molecular conformation spaces. In Vendi sampling, replicas are simulated in parallel and coupled via a global statistical measure, the Vendi Score, to enhance diversity. Vendi sampling allows for the recovery of unbiased sampling statistics and dramatically improves sampling efficiency. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Vendi sampling in improving molecular dynamics simulations by showing significant improvements in coverage and mixing between metastable states and convergence of free energy estimates for four common benchmarks, including Alanine Dipeptide and Chignolin.
Influence of avalanche transistor switching mode on waveform characteristics of solid-state pulse source
Authors: Cheng Zhenbo , Ning Hui , Tang Chuanxiang , Yan Youjie , Zhao Wei , Zhu Meiqi , Cai Hao
Published: October 2023

The design of the Marx circuit based on avalanche transistors (ATs) is one of the effective techniques for developing solid-state pulse sources to generate nanosecond pulses. However, the influence of the avalanche transistor as a switching device on the output pulse characteristics is still unclear. In this study, investigating the switching mechanism of the AT with a mixed-mode simulation of the semiconductor device has been accomplished. An experiment has checked the simulation model’s transient switching characteristics. The switching mechanisms of ATs in the Marx circuit were divided into base triggering mode (BTM) and voltage ramp mode (VRM). This paper proposes a modified circuit for adjusting the output pulse parameters of solid-state pulse sources. The results show that to satisfy the simulation accuracy, the width parameter of the AT model in the BTM must be 100 μm, much less than the actual physical size. Because of the higher electric field when the initial impact ionization occurs, the AT operates at a higher switching speed in the VRM than in the BTM. In addition, since the carriers of initial impact ionization locate at the p–n0 interface or the n0–n+ interface, the AT switching process will oscillate in the VRM. All ATs in the modified Marx circuit switch to operate in the BTM. The leading edge of the output pulse increases from 275 to 1125 ps, and the pulse trailing oscillation has disappeared. The research results provide an important technical means for optimizing the output waveform of solid-state pulse sources.
Chirality-dependent spin transport and spin Seebeck effect in the spiral spin chains
Authors: Chen Xiao-Feng , Hu Pei-Jia , Guo Ai-Min , Fang Tie-Feng , Jia Chenglong
Published: October 2023

The observation of spin Seebeck effect has triggered intense research in the spintronics. Especially, it is considered to be one alternative method to generate pure spin current in magnetic materials. Here, the spin Seebeck coefficient and the spin figure of merit are calculated by using Green's function method in the spiral spin chain with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). The Zeeman-like effect and the similarity between the chirality and the spin in the spiral spin chain are revealed according to the dispersion relation. In addition, we find that the spin Seebeck coefficient and the spin figure of merit show peaks around the magnon spin transmission channel. In the absence of external magnetic field, the spin Seebeck peaks for opposite chirality are degenerated. However, the spin Seebeck peaks are chirality-dependent in the presence of magnetic field, and the spin Seebeck peaks with opposite chirality locate at different chemical potentials, leading to the energy difference between the spin Seebeck peaks with opposite chirality. Furthermore, the energy difference is determined by the magnetic field and the DMI, and the energy difference becomes larger for stronger DMI or higher magnetic field.
Multivariate joint order recurrence networks for characterization of multi-lead ECG time series from healthy and pathological heartbeat dynamics
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Chen Meihui , Ren Yanlin , Hong Binyi , He Aijun , Wang Jun
Published: October 2023

Analysis of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of cardiac systems has been a hot topic of clinical research, and the recurrence plots have earned much attention as an effective tool for it. In this paper, we propose a novel method of multivariate joint order recurrence networks (MJORNs) to evaluate the multi-lead electrocardiography (ECG) time series with healthy and psychological heart states. The similarity between time series is studied by quantifying the structure in a joint order pattern recurrence plot. We take the time series that corresponds to each of the 12-lead ECG signals as a node in the network and use the entropy of diagonal line length that describes the complex structure of joint order pattern recurrence plot as the weight to construct MJORN. The analysis of network topology reveals differences in nonlinear complexity for healthy and heart diseased heartbeat systems. Experimental outcomes show that the values of average weighted path length are reduced in MJORN constructed from crowds with heart diseases, compared to those from healthy individuals, and the results of the average weighted clustering coefficient are the opposite. Due to the impaired cardiac fractal-like structures, the similarity between different leads of ECG is reduced, leading to a decrease in the nonlinear complexity of the cardiac system. The topological changes of MJORN reflect, to some extent, modifications in the nonlinear dynamics of the cardiac system from healthy to diseased conditions. Compared to multivariate cross recurrence networks and multivariate joint recurrence networks, our results suggest that MJORN performs better in discriminating healthy and pathological heartbeat dynamics.
Transient numerical investigation on hydraulic performance and flow field of multi-stage centrifugal pump with floating impellers under sealing gasket damage condition
Authors: Gu Yandong , Bian Junjie , Wang Chuan , Sun Hao , Wang Mengcheng , Ge Jie
Published: October 2023

Multi-stage centrifugal pumps with floating impellers provide a convenient means of adjustment to meet diverse head requirements. These pumps utilize sealing gaskets to minimize leakage losses and restrict impeller axial motion. However, the impact of sealing gasket breakage on hydraulic performance and internal flow remains uncertain. To investigate this, a novel dynamic mesh simulation method is proposed to enable simultaneous axial motion and rotation of the impeller. Validation of numerical simulations with experiments is performed. Transient hydraulic performance is influenced by impeller axial motion, with a lagging flow field response. Head coefficient and efficiency curves exhibit asymmetric triangular functions with higher fluctuations compared to impeller with fixed axial position. At the design condition, with the impeller floating, the head coefficient ranges from 0.7 to 1.9, while the efficiency ranges from 29.7% to 60.1%. Among the various loss ratios, the hydraulic loss ratio exhibits the highest magnitude, followed by the leakage loss ratio, with the shroud friction loss ratio being the smallest. Entropy production reveals the significant influence of impeller oscillation on local flow loss. The axial motion of the impeller causes drastic velocity and pressure fluctuations in both time and space.
Effect of spanwise distributed camber morphing on dynamic stall characteristics of a finite-span wing
Authors: Wu You , Hu Yating , Dai Yuting , Huang Guangjing , Yang Chao
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the influence of the spanwise-distributed trailing edge camber morphing on the dynamic stall characteristics of a finite-span wing at Re = 2 × 105. The mathematical model of the spanwise-distributed trailing-edge camber morphing is established based on Chebyshev polynomials, and the deformed wing surface is modeled by a spline surface according to rib's morphing in the chordwise direction. The computational fluid dynamics method is adopted to obtain flow-field results and aerodynamic forces. The shear-stress transportv-γ model is introduced and the overset mesh technique is adopted. The numerical results show that the spanwise distributed trailing edge morphing obviously changes the aerodynamic and energy transfer characteristics of the dynamic stall. Especially when the phase difference between the trailing edge motion and the wing pitch is −π/2, the interaction between the three-dimensional leading-edge vortex and trailing-edge vortex is strengthened, and the work done by the aerodynamic force turns negative. This indicates that the trailing edge deformation has the potential to suppress the oscillation amplitude of stall flutter. We also found that as the trailing-edge camber morphing varies more complex along the spanwise, and the suppression effect decreases accordingly.
Functionality in frequency tuning of magnetoelectric heterostructure integrated highly flexible bulk acoustic wave resonator
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Pandey Akhilesh , Dutta Shankar , Kaur Davinder
Published: October 2023

Functional flexible piezo-resonators are of vital interest for designing micro-electrometrical system (MEMS) based high-frequency wearable devices. The magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructure comprising highly magnetostrictive Ni–Mn–In and piezoelectric AlN films was fabricated over flexible substrates to develop the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator. The BAW resonators fabricated over Ni and Kapton substrates show the fundamental resonance at ∼5.535 and 5.400 GHz, respectively. The comparative study of frequency tuning for both resonators has been executed in the presence of a dc magnetic field. A larger frequency shift (ΔfR) of ∼540 MHz was detected at 1200 Oe for a device fabricated over Ni with a sensitivity of ∼5.4 Hz/nT. However, it is 360 MHz in the case of Kapton, with a sensitivity of ∼3.0 Hz/nT. Moreover, the BAW resonator over the magnetostrictive Ni substrate shows a higher tunability of ∼11.4% compared to ∼8.5% for the resonator fabricated over non-magnetostrictive Kapton. The equivalent modified Butterworth–Van Dyke circuit parameters have been extracted by fitting the experimental data with and without an external magnetic field using advanced design system. The effect of an external magnetic field has been thoroughly investigated on device parameters, such as electromechanical coupling coefficient (K2), acoustic velocity, quality factor (Q), and figure of merit. The anisotropic functionality of the fabricated resonator has been studied by measuring the tunability of the resonator in parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields. The present study motivates the incorporation of flexible magnetostrictive substrates for futuristic multifunctional MEMS magnetic field sensor applications.
Two-dimensional study of Rossby waves generated by an initial disturbance
Authors: Bandyopadhyay A.
Published: October 2023

Rossby waves are the fundamental time dependent large-scale motion of the ocean and atmosphere. In this article, we are interested to find analytical solution of Rossby waves produced by an initial disturbance. These waves, as we know, are archetypical low-frequency waves, which play a central role in defining meteorological and oceanographic conditions. Our purpose here is to analyze the properties of such waves in two dimension as a guide to the construction of the dynamical framework appropriate for low-frequency motion. As a precursor to our aim, we revisited the problem of Rossby wave generation in an ocean bounded by two imaginary latitudes for a particular type of external forcing. The characteristics of this motion are explored with the help of group velocity and phase velocity. Subsequently, the two-dimensional case of generation of Rossby wave by a general form of disturbance in an unbounded ocean is solved where the concept of stationary phase method is extensively used. The rules of governing the propagation of wave packet are discussed, and we found for a wave-like disturbance, Rossby wave is not a single wave train but rather several, which moves as a wave front with a definite direction-deviation. It is natural to question what role, if any, the source plays in explicit determination of these radiated waves and their asymptotic behavior. To address these and other concerns, we have developed an analytical model of generation of Rossby waves produced by an initial disturbance in two-dimensional open ocean with a considerable generality.
Characterizing the multi-dimensional reaction dynamics of dihalomethanes using XUV-induced Coulomb explosion imaging
Authors: Walmsley T. , Unwin J. , Allum F. , Bari S. , Boll R. , Borne K. , Brouard M. , Bucksbaum P. , Ekanayake N. , Erk B. , Forbes R. , Howard A. J. , Eng-Johnsson P. , Lee J. W. L. , Liu Z. , Manschwetus B. , Mason R. , Passow C. , Peschel J. , Rivas D. , Rolles D. , Rörig A. , Rouzée A. , Vallance C. , Ziaee F. , Burt M.
Published: October 2023

Site-selective probing of iodine 4d orbitals at 13.1 nm was used to characterize the photolysis of CH2I2 and CH2BrI initiated at 202.5 nm. Time-dependent fragment ion momenta were recorded using Coulomb explosion imaging mass spectrometry and used to determine the structural dynamics of the dissociating molecules. Correlations between these fragment momenta, as well as the onset times of electron transfer reactions between them, indicate that each molecule can undergo neutral three-body photolysis. For CH2I2, the structural evolution of the neutral molecule was simultaneously characterized along the C–I and I–C–I coordinates, demonstrating the sensitivity of these measurements to nuclear motion along multiple degrees of freedom.
Great ape interaction: Ladyginian but not Gricean
Authors: Scott-Phillips Thom , Heintz Christophe
Published: October 2023

Nonhuman great apes inform one another in ways that can seem very humanlike. Especially in the gestural domain, their behavior exhibits many similarities with human communication, meeting widely used empirical criteria for intentionality. At the same time, there remain some manifest differences, most obviously the enormous range and scope of human expression. How to account for these similarities and differences in a unified way remains a major challenge. Here, we make a key distinction between the expression of intentions (Ladyginian) and the expression of specifically informative intentions (Gricean), and we situate this distinction within a “special case of” framework for classifying different modes of attention manipulation. We hence describe how the attested tendencies of great ape interaction—for instance, to be dyadic rather than triadic, to be about the here-and-now rather than “displaced,” and to have a high degree of perceptual resemblance between form and meaning—are products of its Ladyginian but not Gricean character. We also reinterpret video footage of great ape gesture as Ladyginian but not Gricean, and we distinguish several varieties of meaning that are continuous with one another. We conclude that the evolutionary origins of linguistic meaning lie not in gradual changes in communication systems, but rather in gradual changes in social cognition, and specifically in what modes of attention manipulation are enabled by a species’ cognitive phenotype: first Ladyginian and in turn Gricean. The second of these shifts rendered humans, and only humans, “language ready.”
Downregulation of apoptotic repressor
AVEN
exacerbates cardiac injury after myocardial infarction
Authors: Yu Peng , Song Shuai , Zhang Xiaokai , Cui Shujun , Wei Gang , Huang Zihang , Zeng Linqi , Ni Ting , Sun Aijun
Published: October 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure (HF), associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. As an essential part of gene expression regulation, the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in post-MI HF remains elusive. Here, we revealed a global, APA-mediated, 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR)-lengthening pattern in both human and murine post-MI HF samples. Furthermore, the 3′ UTR of apoptotic repressor gene,
AVEN
, is lengthened after MI, contributing to its downregulation.
AVEN
knockdown increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas restoration of
AVEN
expression substantially improved cardiac function. Mechanistically,
AVEN
3′ UTR lengthening provides additional binding sites for miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p, thus reducing AVEN expression. Additionally,
PABPN1
(poly(A)-binding protein 1) was identified as a potential regulator of
AVEN
3′ UTR lengthening after MI. Altogether, our findings revealed APA as a unique mechanism regulating cardiac injury in response to MI and also indicated that the APA-regulated gene,
AVEN
, holds great potential as a critical therapeutic target for treating post-MI HF.
Targeting MFGE8 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts blocks angiogenesis and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Beilei , Zhang Baifeng , Qi Jiali , Zhou Hongyu , Tan Licheng , Huang Jinlin , Huang Jiao , Fang Xiaona , Gong Lanqi , Luo Jie , Liu Shan , Fu Li , Ling Fei , Ma Stephianie , Lai-wan Kwong Dora , Wang Xin , Guan Xin-Yuan
Published: October 2023

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play vital roles in establishing a suitable tumor microenvironment. In this study, RNA sequencing data revealed that CAFs could promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and ECM reconstitution by binding to integrin families and activating PI3K/AKT pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The secretions of CAFs play an important role in regulating these biological activities. Among these secretions, we found that MFGE8 is specifically secreted by CAFs in ESCC. Additionally, the secreted MFGE8 protein is essential in CAF-regulated vascularization, tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and metastasis. By binding to Integrin αVβ3/αVβ5 receptors, MFGE8 promotes tumor progression by activating both the PI3K/AKT and ERK/AKT pathways. Interestingly, the biological function of MFGE8 secreted by CAFs fully demonstrated the major role of CAFs in ESCC and its mode of mechanism, showing that MFGE8 could be a driver factor of CAFs in remodeling the tumor environment. In vivo treatment targeting CAFs-secreting MFGE8 or its receptor produced significant inhibitory effects on ESCC growth and metastasis, which provides an approach for the treatment of ESCC.
SEResUTer: a deep learning approach for accurate ECG signal delineation and atrial fibrillation detection
Authors: Li Xinyue , Cai Wenjie , Xu Bolin , Jiang Yupeng , Qi Mengdi , Wang Mingjie
Published: October 2023

Objective. Accurate detection of electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms is crucial for computer-aided diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities. This study introduces SEResUTer, an enhanced deep learning model designed for ECG delineation and atrial fibrillation (AF) detection. Approach. Built upon a U-Net architecture, SEResUTer incorporates ResNet modules and Transformer encoders to replace convolution blocks, resulting in improved optimization and encoding capabilities. A novel masking strategy is proposed to handle incomplete expert annotations. The model is trained on the QT database (QTDB) and evaluated on the Lobachevsky University Electrocardiography Database (LUDB) to assess its generalization performance. Additionally, the model’s scope is extended to AF detection using the the China Physiological Signal Challenge 2021 (CPSC2021) and the China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 (CPSC2018) datasets. Main results. The proposed model surpasses existing traditional and deep learning approaches in ECG waveform delineation on the QTDB. It achieves remarkable average F1 scores of 99.14%, 98.48%, and 98.46% for P wave, QRS wave, and T wave delineation, respectively. Moreover, the model demonstrates exceptional generalization ability on the LUDB, achieving average SE, positive prediction rate, and F1 scores of 99.05%, 94.59%, and 94.62%, respectively. By analyzing RR interval differences and the existence of P waves, our method achieves AF identification with 99.20% accuracy on the CPSC2021 test set and demonstrates strong generalization on CPSC2018 dataset. Significance. The proposed approach enables highly accurate ECG waveform delineation and AF detection, facilitating automated analysis of large-scale ECG recordings and improving the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities.
Scalar-induced gravitational wave interpretation of PTA data: the role of scalar fluctuation propagation speed
Authors: Balaji Shyam , Domènech Guillem , Franciolini Gabriele
Published: October 2023

Pulsar timing arrays gathered evidence of the presence of a gravitational wave background around nHz frequencies. If the gravitational wave background was induced by large and Gaussian primordial fluctuations, they would then produce too many sub-solar mass primordial black holes. We show that if at the time of gravitational wave generation the universe was dominated by a canonical scalar field, with the same equation of state as standard radiation but a higher propagation speed of fluctuations, one can explain the gravitational wave background with a primordial black hole counterpart consistent with observations. Lastly, we discuss possible ways to test this model with future gravitational wave detectors.
Degradation mechanism of high-voltage single-crystal LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material
Authors: Liu 柳 Na 娜
Published: October 2023

Layered cathode materials have been successfully commercialized and applied to electric vehicles. To further improve improve the energy density of these marterials is still the main efforts in the market. Therefore, developing high-voltage LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
z
O2 (x + y + z = 1, NCM) to achieve high energy density is particularly important. However, under high voltage cycling, NCM often exhibits rapid capacity degradation, which can be attributed to oxygen release, structural phase transition and particle cracking. In this work, the representative single-crystal LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) was studied under various high charge cut-off voltages. Analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements indicated that the rock-salt phase is formed on the surface of the particles after high voltage cycling, which is responsible for the increase of impedance and the rapid decay of capacity. Therefore, inhibiting the formation of rock-salt phase is believed an effective strategy to address the failure of NCM under high voltages. These findings provide effective guidance for the development of high-voltage NCM.
An underdamped and delayed tri-stable model-based stochastic resonance
Authors: Jin 靳 Yan-Fei 艳飞 , Wang 王 Hao-Tian 昊天 , Zhang 张 Ting-Ting 婷婷
Published: October 2023

Stochastic resonance (SR) is investigated in an underdamped tri-stable potential system driven by Gaussian colored noise and a periodic excitation, where both displacement and velocity time-delayed states feedback are considered. It is challenging to study SR in a second-order delayed multi-stable system analytically. In this paper, the improved energy envelope stochastic average method is developed to derive the analytical expressions of stationary probability density (SPD) and spectral amplification. The effects of noise intensity, damping coefficient, and time delay on SR are analyzed. The results show that the shapes of joint SPD can be adjusted to the desired structure by choosing the time delay and feedback gains. For fixed time delay, the SR peak is increased for negative displacement or velocity feedback gain. Meanwhile, the SR peak is decreased while the optimal noise intensity increases with increasing correlation time of noise. The Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Determination of mathematical expectations of two weighting statistics for ensemble time scales
Authors: Wu Yiwei , Liu Siran
Published: October 2023

The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures uses the ALGOS algorithm to generate the Echelle Atomique Libre. The original and new ALGOS weighting algorithms employ two different statistics to calculate the weights, resulting in different experimental phenomena. These two statistics are believed to be the keys to analyzing these experimental phenomena, because the statistical characteristics (e.g. the mathematical expectations and variances) of the statistics completely determine the statistical characteristics of the weights, and subsequently the experimental phenomena. The core work conducted in this study is to derive the analytical expressions of the mathematical expectations of these two statistics under ideal conditions and to validate them empirically. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of these expressions and discusses the relationships between them and the mathematical expectations of the Allan variances. These expressions theoretically reveal the reasons behind the experimental phenomena, especially why hydrogen masers are assigned lower weights in the original ALGOS weighting algorithm but higher weights in the new one. According to the derivation process, these analytical expressions are universally applicable and can also be applied to time-keeping laboratories. In the future, this work can be extended to determine the theoretical statistic and weight performances of different types of frequency standards quantitatively for time-keeping laboratories under both ideal and non-ideal conditions, providing a theoretical basis for improving the design of ensemble time scale algorithms. In the appendix, a method of obtaining the experimental variances and probability density functions (PDFs) of these two statistics is additionally proposed. The two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is presented to compare the experimental and theoretical PDFs of an example.
The JET hybrid scenario in Deuterium, Tritium and Deuterium-Tritium
Authors: Hobirk J. , Challis C.D. , Kappatou A. , Lerche E. , Keeling D. , King D. , Aleiferis S. , Alessi E. , Angioni C. , Auriemma F. , Baruzzo M. , Belonohy É. , Bernardo J. , Boboc A. , Carvalho I.S. , Carvalho P. , Casson F.J. , Chomiczewska A. , Citrin J. , Coffey I.H. , Conway N.J. , Douai D. , Delabie E. , Eriksson B. , Eriksson J. , Ficker O. , Field A.R. , Fontana M. , Fontdecaba J.M. , Frassinetti L. , Frigione D. , Gallart D. , Garcia J. , Gelfusa M. , Ghani Z. , Giacomelli L. , Giovannozzi E. , Giroud C. , Goniche M. , Gromelski W. , Hacquin S. , Ham C. , Hawkes N.C. , Henriques R.B. , Hillesheim J.C. , Ho A. , Horvath L. , Ivanova-Stanik I. , Jacquet P. , Jaulmes F. , Joffrin E. , Kim H.T. , Kiptily V. , Kirov K. , Kos D. , Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E. , Kumpulainen H. , Lawson K. , Lennholm M. , Litaudon X. , Litherland-Smith E. , Lomas P.J. , de la Luna E. , Maggi C.F. , Mailloux J. , Mantsinen M.J. , Maslov M. , Matthews G. , McClements K.G. , Meigs A.G. , Menmuir S. , Milocco A. , Miron I.G. , Moradi S. , Morales R.B. , Nowak S. , Orsitto F. , Patel A. , Piron L. , Prince C. , Pucella G. , Peluso E. , Perez von Thun C. , Rachlew E. , Reux C. , Rimini F. , Saarelma S. , Schneider P. A , Scully S. , Sertoli M. , Sharapov S. , Shaw A. , Silburn S. , Sips A. , Siren P. , Sozzi C. , Solano E.R. , Stancar Z. , Stankunas G. , Stuart C. , Sun H.J. , Szepesi G. , Valcarcel D. , Valisa M. , Verdoolaege G. , Viola B. , Wendler N. , Zerbini M. ,   JET Contributors
Published: October 2023

The JET hybrid scenario has been developed from low plasma current carbon wall discharges to the record-breaking Deuterium-Tritium plasmas obtained in 2021 with the ITER-like Be/W wall. The development started in pure Deuterium with refinement of the plasma current, and toroidal magnetic field choices and succeeded in solving the heat load challenges arising from 37 MW of injected power in the ITER like wall environment, keeping the radiation in the edge and core controlled, avoiding MHD instabilities and reaching high neutron rates. The Deuterium hybrid plasmas have been re-run in Tritium and methods have been found to keep the radiation controlled but not at high fusion performance probably due to time constraints. For the first time this scenario has been run in Deuterium-Tritium (50:50). These plasmas were re-optimised to have a radiation-stable H-mode entry phase, good impurity control through edge Ti
gradient screening and optimised performance with fusion power exceeding 10 MW for longer than three alpha particle slow down times, 8.3 MW averaged over 5 s and fusion energy of 45.8 MJ.
JET D-T scenario with optimized non-thermal fusion
Authors: Maslov M. , Lerche E. , Auriemma F. , Belli E. , Bourdelle C. , Challis C.D. , Chomiczewska A. , Dal Molin A. , Eriksson J. , Garcia J. , Hobirk J. , Ivanova-Stanik I. , Jacquet Ph. , Kappatou A. , Kazakov Y. , Keeling D.L. , King D.B. , Kiptily V. , Kirov K. , Kos D. , Lorenzini R. , De La Luna E. , Maggi C.F. , Mailloux J. , Mantica P. , Marin M. , Matthews G. , Monakhov I. , Nocente M. , Pucella G. , Rigamonti D. , Rimini F. , Saarelma S. , Salewski M. , Solano E.R. , Štancar Ž. , Stankunas G. , Sun H. , Tardocchi M. , Van Eester D. ,   JET Contributors
Published: October 2023

In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, the fusion power is produced through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) heating or accelerated by electromagnetic wave heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs). To complement the experiments with 50/50 D/T mixtures maximizing thermonuclear reactivity, a scenario with dominant non-thermal reactivity has been developed and successfully demonstrated during the second JET deuterium-tritium campaign DTE2, as it was predicted to generate the highest fusion power in JET with a Be/W wall. It was performed in a 15/85 D/T mixture with pure D-NBI heating combined with ICRF heating at the fundamental deuterium resonance. In steady plasma conditions, a record 59 MJ of fusion energy has been achieved in a single pulse, of which 50.5 MJ were produced in a 5 s time window (Pfus= 10.1 MW) with averageQ= 0.33, confirming predictive modelling in preparation of the experiment. The highest fusion power in these experiments,Pfus= 12.5 MW with averageQ= 0.38, was achieved over a shorter 2 s time window, with the period of sustainment limited by high-Z impurity accumulation. This scenario provides unique data for the validation of physics-based models used to predict D-T fusion power.
Deep learning approach for detection of Dengue fever from the microscopic images of blood smear
Authors: Mayrose Hilda , Sampathila Niranjana , Muralidhar Bairy G , Nayak Tushar , Belurkar Sushma , Saravu Kavitha
Published: October 2023

Dengue virus (DENV), known to cause dengue fever is a global public health concern. A safe and effective anti-viral drug or vaccine that can protect humans from dengue fever currently does not exist. Today, severe dengue has become a leading cause of serious illness in most Asian and Latin American countries. This digital pathology-related research focuses on the automatic detection of dengue by utilizing digital microscopic peripheral blood smears (PBS). This paper explored pre-trained convolution neural network (CNN) architectures for automatic dengue fever detection. Transfer learning (TL) was performed on two widely used pre-trained CNNs - SqueezeNet and GoogleNet, and employed to differentiate the dengue-infected and normal blood smears. The last few layers were replaced and retrained to customize the architectures for this task. Leishman’s stained dengue-infected and normal control 100x magnified PBS images were included in the study. The best performance was rendered by GoogleNet (Learn Rate, 0.0001; Batch Size, 8) with an Accuracy 91.30%, Sensitivity 84.62%, Specificity 100%, Precision 100%, and F1 score 91.67%. Promising results show that this approach can be an essential adjunct to other clinical methods, namely CBC test & NS1 antigen capture, and can significantly support dengue diagnosis in low-resource setups.
Comparative Analysis of Pre-trained ResNet and DenseNet Models for the Detection of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Pavithra K C , Kumar Preetham , Geetha M , Bhandary Sulatha V
Published: October 2023

A major setback in Deep Learning (DL) is that a huge amount of data is essential to render the trained model more generalizable. Constructing a higher-order model based on insufficient data has a detrimental effect on testing performance. Transfer Learning (TL) involves less training data than conventional DL approaches and offers superior decision support. Healthcare datasets of reasonable sizes are generally inappropriate for training DL models. A promising solution to the issue would be to use TL methods for the classification of medical image datasets. This paper aims at the training and evaluation of six variants of pre-trained ResNet and three variants of pre-trained DenseNet models for Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) classification employing a public retinal Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image dataset. Among the ResNet implementations, ResNet101V2 has delivered the highest accuracy value of 95%. And among the DenseNet implementations, DenseNet201 has yielded an exceptional classification accuracy of 99%. As all three DenseNet versions, along with the ResNet101V2 version, have produced noticeably good results (accuracy values greater than 95%), they can be used to screen the retinal OCT images of DME patients.
Quality analysis of distributed max-plus algebra based morphological wavelet transform
Authors: Shetty Shravya S , Ashwini B , Venugopala P S , Kumaki Takeshi
Published: October 2023

This proposed technique employs a disseminated data embedding watermarking strategy that is based on a morphological wavelet transform and uses Max-plus algebra to achieve high image quality, big data capacity, and reasonable operational cost. Previously, we had to use a simple MMT watermarking methodology and estimated that using image quality parameters, primarily considering the diagonal component (HH). For embedding watermarks after the decomposition process carried through MMT, the presented distributed data embedding strategy, however, emphasises on middle frequency signal-groups. We have used hypothesized watermarking technique to process five benchmark images during the experiments to examine the scheme’s capability. The PSNR and the SSIM values are elevated by the proposed approach. The combined (high and low) frequency’s PSNR value is preferable towards the high frequency’s. It is also remarked that the middle-frequency SSIM value is higher than the high-frequency value.
Novel Design of Ripple Carry Adder using High Speed 12T Hybrid MOS Transistors
Authors: Venkat D. , Mendez Tanya , Samanth Rashmi , Nayak Subramanya G.
Published: October 2023

This paper designs and extends a high speed full adder using 12 MOS Transistors to a ripple carry adder (RCA). The proposed design reduces delay and is effective for Power Delay Product (PDP). Using both complementary MOSFET (CMOS) logic and complementary pass transistor logic(CPL), a new 6T XNOR full adder(FA) is created. CPL is used in the design for Carry and Sum logic in order to minimise circuit delay. The proposed work has a delay of 11.86 ps and a PDP of 0.368fj. By using a newly proposed single bit adder, a 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder(RCA) is designed with 1.2 v supply yielding a power of 572.063uw, delay 0.32ns and PDP 183.06 fj. The outcomes obtained are compared with existing models. For characterstics of speed and PDP, the proposed model outperforms existing models significantly. The circuit was designed in 90nm GPDK technology by using the CADENCE VIRTUOSO TOOL.
Low power, less area, and highly efficient hybrid 1-bit full adder
Authors: Hemanth Badri Sai , Sathish Kumar M
Published: October 2023

The widely used and efficient technique is to design an FA circuit using XNOR-XOR cells in the Pass transistor and CMOS hybrid logic. The performance metrics of hybrid full adders, such as power, driving capability, and power, depend highly on the XNOR-XOR circuit. The proposed FA design provides optimization with respect to speed and performance. Low load capacitance and low static power dissipation in the circuit enabled the optimized design characteristics. The proposed circuits outperform existing designs in device parameters such as device speed, total energy consumption, power, and fanout. Cadence Virtuoso is the simulation tool used for simulations and results with a 90nm model. The test outcomes show the new design outperforms other FA designs regarding speed and power. In comparison to the available FA modules, the proposed FA reduces delay by 48% and improves power and power delay products by 7% and 52%, respectively. Microwind design software is used to create layouts. The paper presents a more straightforward layout of the proposed design that takes up less area.
Massive MIMO Receiver Design with Channel State Information
Authors: Gopichand Muvvala , Kumar Sampath , Babu A. Mahesh
Published: October 2023

In order to achieve an astounding data transfer rate, 5G Technology’s is essential obligation, this is the primal reason while the world considers it as an pivotal active research topic, Amongst numerous techniques available to attain the transfer rate, opted Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system receivers with respect to CSI assuming the mathematic computations and complex equations would be deduced in a primordial passion, is examined in this study. For the uplink, we show the possible transfer rate for both receivers with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI), considering that the base station (BS) deploys maximum ratio combining (MRC) or zero-forcing (ZF) receivers. Channel estimation is carried out by transmitting pilot symbols when there is insufficient information about the channel state to establish its properties. Additionally, the influence of channel state information on the power scaling rule is illustrated, and a numerical analysis for combiner is derived. In this study, we compare the competence of receivers under ideal and imperfect CSI. In case of perfect CSI, Value of data rate is 84 bits/sec/Hz for ZF receiver and 45 bits/sec/Hz. In case of imperfect CSI, Value of data rate is 60 bits/sec/Hz for ZF receiver and 37 bits/sec/Hz with number of antennas being 500 and number of pilot bits as 10.
IOT based performance display system using ESP32: design and development
Authors: Sarkar S , Jana A , Maity S , Maiti C , Bera C K
Published: October 2023

Design and development of an IOT based performance display system using ESP32 (ESP) chip is discussed. The TFT LCD device can display several remote access parameters applicable to instrumentation, observation and analysis purposes. Such an indigenously designed display system has a capability to be controlled by both in-house building RF remote controller and mobile application. It can be easily equipped with various radiation detectors, other sensors and transducers accordingly. The lightweight low cost and power efficient portable developed system provides diversified applications and flexibility as per the industry/research needs in both online and offline mode.
Structural and luminescence studies of Eu3+ doped K2BaSr(PO4)2 phosphor
Authors: Shakya Ashish , Gour Anubha Singh
Published: October 2023

Eu3+ doped K2BaSr(PO4)2 phosphor which gave red emission, was successfully synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method. The X-ray powder diffraction technique determined the crystal structure and the photoluminescence (PL), and thermoluminescence (TL) were also measured. The XRD pattern of prepared K2BaSr(PO4)2 is good matched with the COD CIF File number 00-100-7161. The structure of the phosphor is orthorhombic. The crystallite sizes are evaluated from diffraction peaks using the Scherrer formula. In PL emission, two peaks are found at 592 nm and 614 nm at 395 nm excitation wavelength. The as-developed phosphor can be used in the development of WLEDs.
Structural features, dielectric behaviour of spinel type magnesium aluminate synthesized by the auto-combustion method
Authors: Sahu Yogita , Agrawal Sadhana
Published: October 2023

In the present work, the auto-combustion route was used to synthesized the spinel type magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4). The structural, dielectric, and electrical properties of the sample have been characterized by using X-ray diffraction, FTIR and dielectric spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the prepared compound has a single-phase cubic spinel structure with space group Fd3m. The crystallite size (D) of the prepared sample was found to be 28.87 nm. The dielectric behaviour of the sample and ac conductivity have been examined in the frequency range of 102 Hz to 105 Hz at different temperatures. It was observed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases with increasing value of applied frequency due to ceasing effect of polarization and attains a saturated value at a higher frequency range. The ac conductivity shows an increasing nature with frequency followed by charge carrier hopping mechanism.
Electrical and Structural Properties of Chemically Deposited Photoconducting Films
Authors: Verma Chandra Shekhar , Shukla Neelam , Bose Purna
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigated the rise and decay of the chemically deposited quaternary metal sulfide thin films, which were deposited at different concentrations, temperatures, and deposition durations. On a glass substrate, films were deposited using a chemical bath deposition technique (CBD method). A graph plotted for the study of the rise and decay curves for these quaternary films was deposited. In addition to calculating the photocurrent and dark current values for the entire sample, the photoconductivity gain was also examined. There are reports and discussions about the X-ray diffraction pattern of our sample. The resulting films have thin-filmlike structures. This provides a unique outcome for photoconduction applications. Photoconducting gain ranges from 2.9 x 105 to 47.5 x 106are observed for various concentration, temperature, and deposition time combinations.
Synthesis and Study of Optical Properties of Dy3+ Doped Yellow Emitting Fluoroapatite for White -LED Applications
Authors: Bawanthade B , Mistry A , Ugemuge N
Published: October 2023

In this article, we report that Ca8BiNa(PO4)6F2 fluorapatites, which were synthesised using a modified Pechini method and were first time doped with Dy3+ ions, are a promising material for yellow emitting phosphor for various optical applications. This fluorapatite has the ability to position activator Dy3+ ions in any of two cationic sites, namely M1 and M2, with distinct symmetries Cs and C3, respectively. After the sample was characterised, it was determined by XRD and Reitveld refinement analysis that it had crystallised into a hexagonal shape and belonged to the space group P63/m, matching the JCPDS file number 96-900-1879 According to the results of the PL analysis carried out by the Hitachi F-7100 spectrofluorophotometer, two emission peaks were obtained: one at 481 nm, which falls under the blue region, and the other at 575 nm, which falls under the bright yellow region. These two emission peaks correspond to the 4F9/2 to 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 to 6H13/2 transitions, respectively (Figure 5b). We suggest that the Ca8BiNa(PO4)6F2: Dy3+ can be employed as an excellent luminescent material with ultraviolet radiation as an excitation source for a variety of optical applications based on its optical properties. White light for WLED applications can be produced by a special phase doping of Dy3+ species in the host material with yellow and blue emission.
Thermoluminescence studies of Sm3+ doped ZnB2O4 phosphor
Authors: Thakkar Kamlesh , Sharma Ravi , Brahme Nameeta , Bisen D.P. , Verma Anita , Goswami A.P.
Published: October 2023

Solid-state reaction method was used to prepare the rare earth Sm3+ doped ZnB2O4 phosphors. The structural characterization of Sm3+ doped ZnB2O4 samples was recorded by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. A single phase structure similar to the standard JCPDS files-39-1126 was recorded using XRD. The graph plotted between TL intensity a nd temperature for different UV dose was recorded. The highest TL intensity was recorded for 20 minutes of UV dose. On further increase in the exposure dose, decrease in TL intensity was observed. The thermo-luminescence was recorded with varying percentage of Sm3+. The at most TL intensity was obtained with 3 mol% of Sm3+. The thermo-luminescence spectra of ZnB2O4 and Sm3+ doped ZnB2O4 phosphors were also studied.
Effect of strong geomagnetic storms and their association with solar wind plasma temperature and IMF during solar cycles 23 and 24.
Authors: Kumar Saket , Tripathi O.P. , Sharma Rashmi , Verma P.L.
Published: October 2023

Strong interaction of CMEs with Earth’s environment causes serious space weather effect through the coupled magnetosphere system. A geomagnetic storm is a global disruption of the earth’s magnetic field, and usually occurs in response to abnormal conditions in the IMF and solar wind. In this paper we present the consequences on interplanetary causes of strong geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ -200nT), that occurred during solar cycle 23 and 24. It was found that the positive correlation with correlation coefficient (0.46) between the magnitude of strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of solar wind plasma temperature, (0.54) between the magnitude of strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of solar wind plasma velocity, (.58) between the magnitude of strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of southward component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) and (0.54) between strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Btotal).The correlation between magnitude of strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of interplanetary magnetic field (with positive correlation coefficient 0.58) is higher, as compared with magnitude of strong geomagnetic storm and magnitude of solar wind plasma temperature (0.46). It has been verified that strong geomagnetic storm intensity is correlated well with the interplanetary magnetic field IMF (Btotal and Bz) better than with its solar parameters.