bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Attempt of the Commercial Film Production Support System Based on the Image Rhetoric of Commercial Film
Authors: Kawamura Yoji
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the concepts behind a commercial film production support system (CFPSS) in terms of related studies in the areas of advertising, image techniques and rhetoric, cognitive science, and information engineering. The chapter then analyzes the structure of commercial films to establish and describe an information system that is tested with a viewing experiment. The proposed system reflects the environment by implementing basic image techniques to create commercial films through an interaction between the users and the system. The experiment uses commercial films for beer with 55 participants. The results show that evaluations for image types related to the advertising story generate the most interest and high evaluations for the provider type of rhetoric stimulates willingness to buy. In terms of technique, mise-en-scène and editing attracts interest, and the advertising story associated with the product function and the supporting production and distribution stimulates willingness to buy.
Can Computers Understand Picture Books and Comics?
Authors: Ueno Miki , Fukuda Kiyohito , Mori Naoki
Published: January 2019

The objective of this chapter is to develop a method for generating and analyzing creative work by using computers. In this chapter, picture books and comics are considered representative creative work because they contain multi-modal information represented by natural language and pictures. These works focus on interesting issues, which can be explained by computational approaches to narratology. In this chapter, the authors discuss the following two topics. First, a method of semi-automatic picture book generation by agent-based simulation is presented. Second, methods of generating and analyzing comics on the basis of the features of pictures and stories used are described. From that work, the authors introduce the construction of an original dataset.
The Potentiality of First-Person Views
Authors: Tadaki Kotone , Abe Akinori
Published: January 2019

The aim of this chapter is to suggest the possible use of first-person views to evaluate and improve museum facilities. The authors attempt to explain possible ways to analyze this type of data by conducting an experiment as an example. First, the authors introduce their experiment to determine the influence of story creation on the appreciation of abstract artwork. Previous research has shown that novice viewers tend to dislike abstract artworks more than representative artworks because abstract artworks lacks forms that can be easily understood. The authors tried to mitigate this difficulty by asking participants to create story about the works of art while they viewed them. Second, the authors explain the possible use of first-person narratives in evaluation of art museums themselves. Finally, some important issues needing further discussion are listed.
The Employment Status and Support Needs of Persons With Disabilities in Japan
Authors: Seino Kai , Haruna Yuichiro , Ishizaki Shun
Published: January 2019

This chapter has two objectives: (1) to describe the significance and applicability of narratology, which features computational and cognitive approaches, in the field of interpersonal relationship supports for persons with disabilities; and (2) to determine effective work supports by analyzing the narratives of the persons with disabilities. In this chapter, the narratives were operationally defined as free-expression answers obtained from mail-survey questionnaires from people with various disabilities describing their work and work life. The questionnaires were sent to 14,448 people and, of these, 4,546 responded. The survey items included their employment status, problems they encountered before employment, problems in their working life, support required in their working life, and opinions regarding disability employment. The results suggested that employment status and problems at work depended on their disability type and the presence of effective supports.
It Takes a Well-Organized Village
Authors: Porter Susan G.
Published: January 2019

Response to intervention (RTI) and multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) are educational initiatives designed to increase the success of all students in general education and reduce the number of students referred for special education services. RTI and MTSS have resulted in improved outcomes for students. Successful implementation of RTI and MTSS relies upon collaboration between teachers and other school personnel. Lack of collaboration and consistency between members of MTSS teams can compromise the fidelity of the interventions, which can lead to poor student outcomes. Secondary RTI and MTSS models are difficult to implement due to several factors, including student diversity, curriculum complexity, and high student-staff ratios. This chapter investigates recent research on the implementation of RTI and MTSS models in secondary schools and focuses on the interdisciplinary efforts required to implement these models with fidelity and with student success.
Advanced Mathematical Teaching Strategies and Models for Integrating RTI in Secondary Schools
Authors: Patterson Lynn Gannon , Musselman Meagan R.
Published: January 2019

Creating an effective educational support program for secondary school students in the important content area of mathematics is essential. This chapter provides an overview of intervention structures and strategies to support the teaching and learning of mathematics within the response to intervention (RTI) model at the secondary level. The adolescent mathematics intervention structure, the importance of motivation, opportunities for academic discourse, cooperative learning, strategies for all learners, and ways to create a positive mathematical classroom environment are among the supports shared in this chapter. Supports for each tier in the RTI model are provided along with suggestions for a mathematical learning environment that includes a focus on multiple representations for mathematics, manipulatives, integrated learning, and targeted learning centers designed specifically to meet secondary students where they are.
Science and RTI
Authors: Brooks Louise
Published: January 2019

The response to intervention (RTI) service delivery model has been used primarily in the secondary language arts (reading) academic content area and in the various math courses. RTI has rarely, if at all, been introduced in secondary science courses, even though students are struggling in these courses due to the increase in reading and math content embedded within them. This chapter focuses on implementation of RTI in science courses at the secondary level. The utilization of a universal screener, tiers, progress monitoring, and fidelity is discussed, followed by a presentation of specific examples of research-based interventions that can be used at each tier level in the science content areas.
eHR Cloud Transformation
Authors: Ziebell Robert-Christian , Albors-Garrigos Jose , Schultz Martin , Schoeneberg Klaus Peter , Perello-Marin M. Rosario
Published: January 2019

The article covers process models for HR IT projects and in particular for HR transformation projects. Based on the authors' experience, an applied process model for HR transformation projects in a cloud-based environment is derived. The article identifies findings applicable to the fields of organisation, business, and IT as well as decisions and critical success factors in the specific context of cloud-based HR solutions.
Trust in Open Source Software Development Communities
Authors: Sohal Amitpal Singh , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Singh Hardeep
Published: January 2019

This study presents the significance of trust for the formation of an Open Source Software Development (OSSD) community. OSSD has various challenges that must be overcome for its successful operation. First is the development of a community, which requires a healthy community formation environment. Taking into consideration various factors for community formation, a strong sense of TRUST among its members has been felt. Trust development is a slow process with various methods for building and maintaining it. OSSD is teamwork but the team is of unknowns and volunteers. Trust forms a pillar for effective cooperation, which leads to a reduction in conflicts and risks, associated with quality software development. This study offers an overview of various existing trust models, which aids in the development of a trust evaluation framework for OSSD communities. Towards the end of the study, various components of the trust evaluation along with an empirical framework for the same have been proposed.
Portfolio Assessment in Engineering
Authors: Taylor Benjamin , Harris Lois R. , Dargusch Joanne
Published: January 2019

Learning professional skills through exposure to real-world contexts demands sophisticated assessment practices. However, complex and often novel genres can be daunting for undergraduate students. This study examined student perspectives as they engaged in Portfolio assessment for the first time within a core undergraduate engineering unit. 42 students were surveyed (27%) with 11 participating in a follow-up telephone interview. Students rated content derived from their contributions to team projects as the most valuable component of their portfolio in terms of demonstrating the unit learning outcomes and developing the skills and dispositions needed in professional practice. The team structure of many learning opportunities encouraged students to collaborate and to draw on each other as instructional resources. The data indicated it is highly worthwhile for instructors to develop static resources that reduce students' need to contact instructors with trivial questions, though lecturer contact was deemed essential and effective for comprehending more complex tasks.
Low systolic blood pressure values, renal resistive index measurement and glomerular filtration rate in a non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease population
Authors: Brardi Simone , Cevenini Gabriele
Published: January 2019

Objective: A longitudinal prospective case control study was organized to explore the relationships between glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal resistive index (RRI) and blood pressure values in a non-dialysis dependent adult population affected by chronic kidney disease and exposed to low systolic blood pressure (SBP) values.Material and methods: The study sample (54 patients: 31 males and 23 females with an average age of 61.7 ± 19.2 years) was randomly selected from a population of adult non-dialysis dependent patients that scored a SBP < 100 mmHg at the medical examination. The patients were equally divided in two groups defined by the presence and absence of chronic kidney disease, (i.e. a GFR less or greater than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Patients were submitted to a full therapeutic and dietetic intervention to correct the hypotension until reaching a steady SBP > 100 mmHg. Results: In the group with chronic renal disease, the comparison between the data recorded with SBP < 100 mmHg (t0) and those detected with SBP ≥ 100 mmHg (t1) showed a statistically significant decrease of serum creatinine as well as an increase of GFR (mean serum creatinine t0 – serum creatinine t1: 0.194 ± 0.35, p < 0.01; mean GFR t0 – GFR t1: -4.615 ± 8.8, p < 0.013). There was also a statistically significant reduction of the RRI (mean right kidney RRI t0 – mean right kidney RRI t1: + 0.082 ± 0.03, p < 0; mean left kidney RRI t0 – mean left kidney RRI t1: 0.076 ± 0.03, p < 0). Conclusion: We concluded that, in CKD, when aorta is stiffed, a decrease of SBP can limit the renal perfusion that, in this condition, is mostly dependent by stroke volume, causing an increase of RRI and a decrease of GFR that we suppose as reversible with the restoration of SBP.
Undiagnosed paraganglioma; A challenge during laparoscopic retroperitoneal resection
Authors: Heinze Alexander , Nikomanis Periklis , Petzold Ferdinand , Rassweiler Jens Jochen , Goezen Ali Serdar
Published: January 2019

Objective: Report our experience of the management of a patient with undiagnosed retroperitoneal paraganglioma and the intraoperative complications that the theatre team faced. Case report: We present a case of a 36-year-old patient who during oncological follow-up for a previous diagnosis of parotid acinar cell carcinoma was incidentally identified as having an interaortocaval tumour. Following routine preoperative assessment the patient was arranged to undergo a laparoscopic retroperitoneal tumour resection. After minimal tumour manipulation the patient developed cardiac rhythm abnormalities and became hypertensive. The tumour was successfully removed laparoscopically after a cautious inter- aortocaval dissection. Abruptly, prior to extraction of the tumour containing endobag, the patient developed cardiac arrest. Following 35 minutes of life support measures there was a return of spontaneous circulation. The endobag was laparoscopically removed from the abdominal cavity 24 hours later using the initial operative port sites. The patient´s progression was satisfactory and he could be discharged six days postoperatively. Conclusions: Asymptomatic undiagnosed paragangliomas represent a real challenge during laparoscopic operations. Haemodynamic changes and life-threatening events can arise acutely intraoperatively, where an immediate and coordinated response of the whole theatre team may be required to avoid fatal outcome.
Seasonal expressions of prolactin, prolactin receptor and STAT5 in the scented glands of the male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)
Authors: Xie Wenqian , Liu Hong , Liu Qian , Gao Qiong , Gao Fuli , Han Yingying , Yuan Zhengrong , Zhang Haolin , Weng Qiang
Published: January 2019

Prolactin (PRL) production in mammals has been demonstrated in extrapituitary gland, which can activate autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways to regulate physiological activity. In the current study, we characterized the gene expression profiles of PRL, prolactin receptor (PRLR) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the scented glandular tissues of the muskrats, to further elucidate the relationship between PRL and the scented glandular functions of the muskrats. The weight and volume of the scented glands in the breeding season were significantly higher than those of the non-breeding season. Immunohistochemical data showed that PRL, PRLR and STAT5/phospho-STAT5 (pSTAT5) were found in the glandular and epithelial cells of the scented glands in both seasons. Furthermore, we found that PRL, PRLR and STAT5 had higher immunoreactivities in the scented glands during the breeding season when compared to those of the non-breeding season. In parallel, the gene expressions of PRL, PRLR and STAT5 were significantly higher in the scented glands during the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. The concentrations of PRL in scented glandular tissues and sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and their levels were both notably higher in the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. These findings suggested that the scented glands of the muskrats were capable of extrapituitary synthesis of PRL, which might attribute PRL a specific function to an endocrine or autocrine/paracrine mediator.
Cell Migration - Methods and Protocols
Authors: Monti Manuela
Published: January 2019

As the title suggests, this book presents several techniques to study cells migration in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo and with different model systems to dissect many of the biochemical and biophysical properties (at both molecular and cellular levels) involved in the dynamics of migration and cell-to-cell communication...
Primary ovarian carcinoid and dotanoc positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Dougall Pankaj , Mahawar Shruti
Published: January 2019

Primary ovarian carcinoids are very rare tumors, representing only <1% of all carcinoid tumors and <0.1% of all ovarian neoplasm. Here, we present a case report where DOTANOC positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan helped in diagnosis and management of rare entity.
Comparison of quantitative analysis to qualitative analysis for interpretation of lower-limb lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Nganga Edward Chege , Makhdomi Khalid
Published: January 2019

Qualitative analysis of lymphoscintigrams is subject to wide variability and may miss subtle differences in ilioinguinal uptake between normal and abnormal limbs. This study compared quantitative analysis to qualitative analysis of lower-limb lymphoscintigraphy in diagnosing lymphedema. Fifty-two lymphoscintigrams performed using standardized protocol, 99-metastable technetium nanocolloid intradermal injection at the first interdigital space, were analyzed quantitatively. Fifty-three normal and 51 abnormal limbs were analyzed. For each limb, a region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the injection site, and ilioinguinal nodes on the 1.5 h static images and the counts in these ROIs were recorded. Percentage ilioinguinal nodes uptake was then computed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the difference in ilioinguinal uptake between normal and abnormal limbs. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated and the figures were used to plot a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Thirty-six females and 16 males (104 limbs) were analyzed. ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the mean uptake in normal (19.7%) and abnormal limbs (5.5%) (F = 81, P < 0.001). ROC had a maximal area under the curve of 0.924 (P < 0.001). The significant difference in the means of ilioinguinal uptake between normal and lymphedema limbs infers reduced lymphatic function. Ilioinguinal lymph node uptake is thus a reliable parameter in quantitative analysis of lymphoscintigrams.
Radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy isolation rooms: Introduction of lead glass window on the wall for patient comfort and better ambience
Authors: Al Aamri Marwa , Ravichandran Ramamoorthy , Al Balushi Naima
Published: January 2019

For administration of radioactive iodine for the treatment of differentiated cancer thyroid patients, activities ranging between 1.85GBq and 7.0GBq are used. The construction of concrete rooms cleared by national regulatory authorities do not recommend the presence of windows on the walls or advise same lead equivalence of wall for the lead glass if they are put on the walls. To avoid phobia of patients to give consent for I-131 treatment and to stay in isolation rooms, a necessity was felt to introduce glass window on the opposite side wall of entrance door, which had a service corridor with restricted entry, opening toward garden area. Commercially available lead glass used for X-ray computed tomography scanner was fixed on the 0.35 m thick concrete wall in two rooms. The adequacy of protection offered by the lead glass was determined. A I-131 capsule 600 MBq was moved at a distance 50 cm away from the wall inside the room, and transmitted radiation was measured outside the room. An end window pancake type, beta-gamma survey meter was used. The measured values were normalized for 3.7 GBq at 2 m bed position in μSv/h. The obtained maximum exposure rate was 1.48 μSv/h transmitted from the glass window, against 0.44 μSv/h transmitted at full concrete wall level. As the patients provide shielding to the administrated activity, also the activity is progressively decreasing fast with an effective half-life, the stray radiation levels will be decreasing outside, reducing the mean radiation level to 0.74 μSv/h, and increasing the efficacy of protection. The patient's bed position is at lower level by 0.5 m from the lower edge of the lead glass, so that during patient is in bed the stray radiation levels reduce further. As there are no reports about such facility for isolation rooms, this report may be of value in health physics literature.
Role of fluoroethyl tyrosine positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in differentiating ewing's sarcoma from osteomyelitis
Authors: Aggarwal Hitesh , D'souza Maria , Panwar Puja , Jyotsna Neeru , Alvi Tauheed , Solanki Yachna , Kumar Tarakant , Sharma Rajnish
Published: January 2019

Ewing's sarcoma is a kind of undifferentiated reticulocytic sarcoma, which was first reported in 1921 by James Ewing. It is difficult to differentiate Ewing's sarcoma from osteomyelitis on computed tomography (CT) and X-ray and hence cytological confirmation is needed. Fluorodeoxy glucose being a nonspecific tracer cannot differentiate between malignant and inflammatory lesions. However, it is found that Ewing's sarcoma has increased LAT1 transporter expression at the cell surface. This property has been utilized to specifically target the tumor cells and differentiate them from inflammatory lesions. 18F-fluoroethyl tyrosine (FET) is a radiotracer which shows increased uptake in tumors having LAT1 expression and no uptake in inflammatory lesions. Thus, FET positron emission tomography-computed tomography can serve as a useful tool in diagnosing recurrence or residual Ewing's sarcoma from infective pathology. Besides, it is also helpful in monitoring response to therapy.
Low-radiation of technetium-99m-sestamibi and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography to diagnose parathyroid lesions
Authors: Vaiman Michael , Cohenpur Mehrzad , Halevy Ariel , Volkov Olga , Gold Ruth , Peer Michael , Golan Haim , Gavriel Haim
Published: January 2019

We compared preoperative regular activity and low-activity radiology-based predictions with real surgical and pathological findings for parathyroidectomy surgery. The study retrospectively analyzed 54 consecutive cases (2009–2016) for benign tumor removal. Technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-sestamibi was used as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. We assessed images obtained with the radiation activity of 925 megabecquerel (MBq) and images obtained with the activity of 185 MBq. The study compared preoperative evaluation of tumor presence, multiplicity, location, and the type of pathology with actual data that were revealed during the operation and pathological investigation. The agreement between preoperative radiological prediction and actual location, number, and type of the parathyroid lesions was achieved in 98.4% (n = 61/62 lesions). The agreement between 925 MBq-based and 185-MBq based investigations was 100%. The agreement between radiological and pathological findings was 100% for both investigations. Our data suggest that the radioactivity of 185 MBq applied in the evaluation of the parathyroid glands provides results similar to the currently used 925–1110 MBq if used for diagnostic dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m-sestamibi. Such radioactivity may reduce the exposure to radiation of the patients and the staff without compromising results of the investigation.
Synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinomas in “Asynchrony of metabolism”
Authors: Aurangabadkar Hrushikesh Upendra , Palle Lalitha , Ali Zakir
Published: January 2019

Here, we present a case of bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma in a 52-year-old male patient, who underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) scan followed by surgical removal of both tumors. On PET scan, left renal mass showed intense FDG uptake while uptake in the right renal mass was minimal. Histopathologically, both tumors were conventional clear cell carcinoma (Fuhrman Grade III). Only the FDG-avid tumor in the left kidney had lymphovascular invasion and necrosis, which are markers of aggressive form of any tumor. FDG PET-CT can act as strong and noninvasive prognostic parameter that could help to identify patients with aggressive disease before treatment.
Ensuring effective and sustainable radionuclide delivery and its impact on the development of nuclear medicine in the developing world with special reference to Nigeria
Authors: Orunmuyi T. Akintunde , Sathekge M. Mike , Buscombe R. John
Published: January 2019

Recent activities of Boko Haram, a local extremist group in Nigeria, raise concerns about a nuclear terrorist attack. Whereas nuclear medicine (NM) relies on the timely delivery of radioactive sources, a robust security structure that assures public safety is the backbone for its beneficial use. NM radionuclides have short half-lives and carry an insignificant risk for acts of terrorism. Yet, their importation and delivery in Nigeria receive undue scrutiny in a bid to implement a strict nuclear security regime. These actions prevent timely delivery of radionuclides with direct consequences on quality and economic viability of nuclear medicine. There have been no accounts of terrorist acts accomplished with NM radionuclides. Thus, it is important the NM community question the current approach that has contributed to the loss of NM services in Nigeria and proposes a more logical strategy for securing their supply. We also highlight the need for developing local pragmatic solutions when implementing global recommendations in developing countries.
The Future Digital Work Force: Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
Authors: Madakam Somayya , Holmukhe Rajesh M , Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar
Published: January 2019

The Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a new wave of future technologies. Robotic Process Automation is one of the most advanced technologies in the area of computers science, electronic and communications, mechanical engineering, and information technology. It is a combination of both hardware and software, networking and automation for doing things very simple. In this light, the research manuscript investigated the secondary data - which is available on google, academic and research databases. The investigation went for totally 6 months, i.e., 1-1-2018 to 30-6-2018. A very few empirical articles, white papers, blogs and were found RPA and came across to compose this research manuscript. This study is exploratory in nature because of the contemporary phenomenon. The keywords used in searching of the database were Robotic Process Automation, RPA, Robots, Artificial Intelligence, Blue Prism. The study finally discovered that Robots and Robotic Process Automation technologies are becoming compulsory as a part to do business operations in organizations across the globe. Robotic Process Automation can bring immediate value to the core business processes including employee payroll, employee status changes, new hire recruitment, and onboarding, accounts receivable and payable, invoice processing, inventory management, report creation, software installations, data migration, and vendor onboarding etc. to name a few applications. Besides, the Robotic Process Automation has abundant applications including healthcare and pharmaceuticals, financial services, outsourcing, retail, telecom, energy and utilities, real estate and FMCG and many more sectors. To put in the right place of RPA in business operations, their many allied technologies are working at the background level, artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, data analytics, HR analytics, virtual reality (second life), home automation, blockchain technologies, 4D printing etc. Moreover, it covers the content of different start-ups companies and existing companies - their RPA applications used across the world. This manuscript will be a good guideline for the academicians, researchers, students, and practitioners to get an overall idea.
O campo do patrimônio cultural, redes e intersecções
Authors: Souza Giane Maria
Published: January 2019

Este artigo possui o escopo de debater patrimônio cultural como campo antropológico e historicamente articulado ao atentar para apropriações do patrimônio cultural a partir de variações conceituais e interesses sociais múltiplos. Como construção histórica o patrimônio é marcado por negociações e disputas para o seu reconhecimento social, contudo, iniciativas populares dessacralizam os sentidos da patrimonialização e geram práticas sociais que incidem novos olhares sobre o cotidiano ordinário.  Desta forma, experiências da cultura popular são analisadas na perspectiva do videoclipe de Néstor Canclini, imagens e narrativas são relacionadas e refletem os usos do patrimônio por meio da ocupação religiosa de uma praça, da relação de pertencimento de um bairro com o teatro, de uma obra do artista Tunga a um museu do lixo criado com curadoria dos trabalhadores. Estas experiências subvertem a ótica do patrimônio como fetiche mercadológico para práticas sociais ordinárias e transformadoras de redes e intersecções.
Rescatar el pasado, activar el turismo - Reflexiones en torno a la gestión patrimonial
Authors: Brac Marcela
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo pretende-se refletir sobre o processo de patrimonialização de memórias em relações às iniciativas de turismo impulsionadas por políticas públicas. Para tais fins, examina-se a relação entre o poder político provincial e a sociedade civil em torno da valorização e do consumo do passado. No âmbito das políticas públicas que incentivam a ativação econômica para fins econômicos, analise-se a conformação do museu comunitário Villa Guillermina, como recurso estratégico para a gestão local e, ao mesmo tempo, uma instituição que contribui para a estruturação de memórias coletivas que tornam visíveis certos grupos sociais, e invisibilizam outros.
Dossiê A Fetichização do Patrimônio: análise crítica e práticas reprodutivas hegemônicas
Authors: Beatriz Rotman Mónica , Norma Gonzalez de Castells Alicia
Published: January 2019

Apresentação do dossiê: A Fetichização do Patrimônio: análise crítica e práticas reprodutivas hegemônicas
Cloud-droplet growth due to supersaturation fluctuations in stratiform clouds
Authors: Li Xiang-Yu , Svensson Gunilla , Brandenburg Axel , Haugen Nils E. L.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Condensational growth of cloud droplets due to supersaturation fluctuations
is investigated by solving the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equations using
direct numerical simulations (DNS) with droplets being modeled as Lagrangian
particles. The supersaturation field is calculated directly by simulating the
temperature and water vapor fields instead of being treated as a passive
scalar. Thermodynamic feedbacks to the fields due to condensation are also
included for completeness. We find that the width of droplet size
distributions increases with time, which is contrary to the classical theory
without supersaturation fluctuations, where condensational growth leads to
progressively narrower size distributions. Nevertheless, in agreement with
earlier Lagrangian stochastic models of the condensational growth, the
standard deviation of the surface area of droplets increases as t1∕2.
Also, for the first time, we explicitly demonstrate that the time evolution
of the size distribution is sensitive to the Reynolds number, but insensitive
to the mean energy dissipation rate. This is shown to be due to the fact that
temperature fluctuations and water vapor mixing ratio fluctuations increase
with increasing Reynolds number; therefore the resulting supersaturation
fluctuations are enhanced with increasing Reynolds number. Our simulations
may explain the broadening of the size distribution in stratiform clouds
qualitatively, where the mean updraft velocity is almost zero.
The European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA): Collaboration from bottom-up
Authors: Hoke Winfried , Swierczynski Tina , Braesicke Peter , Lochte Karin , Shaffrey Len , Drews Martin , Gregow Hilppa , Ludwig Ralf , Nilsen Jan Even Øie , Palazzi Elisa , Sannino Gianmaria , Smedsrud Lars Henrik ,   ECRA network
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The European Climate Research Alliance (ECRA) is an association
of leading European research institutions in the field of climate research
(http://www.ecra-climate.eu/, last access: 6 December 2018). ECRA is a bottom-up initiative and helps to facilitate
the development of climate change research, combining the capacities of
national research institutions, and inducing closer ties between existing
national research initiatives, projects and infrastructures. ECRA works as an
open platform to bring together climate researchers, providing excellent
scientific expertise for policy makers and of societal relevance. The ECRA
Board consists of representatives of ECRA partners and decides on governance,
scientific priorities, and organisational matters. Currently organized into four Collaborative Programmes, climate scientists
share their knowledge, experience and expertise to identify the most
important research requirements for the future, thus developing a foresight
approach. The CPs cover the topics: (1) Arctic variability and change,
(2) Sea level changes and coastal impacts, (3) Changes in the hydrological cycle
and (4) High impact events. The CP activities are planned in workshops and
participation is open to all interested scientists from the relevant
research fields. In particular, young researchers are actively encouraged to
join the network. Each CP develops its joint research priorities for shaping
European research into the future. Because scientific themes are
interconnected, the four Collaborative Programmes interact with each other,
e.g. through the organization of common workshops or joint applications. In
addition, the Collaborative Programme leads attend the Board meetings. The different formats of ECRA meetings range from scientific workshops to
briefing events and side events at conferences to involve different groups
of interests. This facilitates the interaction of scientists, various
stakeholder groups and politicians. A biennial open ECRA General Assembly
that is organised in Brussels represents an umbrella event and acts as a
platform for discussion and contact with stakeholders. This event is an
excellent opportunity to jointly discuss research priorities of high
societal relevance.
Automated compact mobile Raman lidar for water vapor measurement: instrument description and validation by comparison with radiosonde, GNSS, and high-resolution objective analysis
Authors: Sakai Tetsu , Nagai Tomohiro , Izumi Toshiharu , Yoshida Satoru , Shoji Yoshinori
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We developed an automated compact mobile Raman lidar (MRL) system for
measuring the vertical distribution of the water vapor mixing ratio (w) in
the lower troposphere, which has an affordable cost and is easy to operate.
The MRL was installed in a small trailer for easy deployment and can start
measurement in a few hours, and it is capable of unattended operation for
several months. We describe the MRL system and present validation results
obtained by comparing the MRL-measured data with collocated radiosonde,
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and high-resolution objective
analysis data. The comparison results showed that MRL-derived w agreed
within 10 % (root-mean-square difference of
1.05 g kg−1) with values obtained
by radiosonde at altitude ranges between 0.14 and 1.5 km in the daytime and
between 0.14 and 5–6 km at night in the absence of low clouds; the vertical
resolution of the MRL measurements was 75–150 m, their temporal resolution
was less than 20 min, and the measurement uncertainty was less than 30 %.
MRL-derived precipitable water vapor values were similar to or slightly lower
than those obtained by GNSS at night, when the maximum height of MRL
measurements exceeded 5 km. The MRL-derived w values were at most 1 g kg−1
(25 %) larger than local analysis data. A total of 4 months of continuous operation
of the MRL system demonstrated its utility for monitoring water vapor
distributions in the lower troposphere.
High-precision atmospheric oxygen measurement comparisons between a newly built CRDS analyzer and existing measurement techniques
Authors: Berhanu Tesfaye A. , Hoffnagle John , Rella Chris , Kimhak David , Nyfeler Peter , Leuenberger Markus
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are tightly coupled in land–biospheres CO2–O2 exchange processes, while they are not coupled in oceanic exchange. For this reason, atmospheric oxygen measurements can be used to constrain the global carbon cycle, especially oceanic uptake. However, accurately quantifying the small (~ 1–100 ppm) variations in O2 is analytically challenging due to the very large atmospheric background which constitutes about 20.9 % (~ 209 500 ppm) of atmospheric air. Here we present comprehensive laboratory and field studies for a newly developed high-precision oxygen mixing ratio and isotopic composition analyzer (Picarro G-2207) that is based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). From the laboratory tests, we have calculated a short-term precision (standard error of one-minute measurements) of
Assessing the effect of flood restoration on surface–subsurface interactions in Rohrschollen Island (Upper Rhine river – France) using integrated hydrological modeling and thermal infrared imaging
Authors: Jeannot Benjamin , Weill Sylvain , Eschbach David , Schmitt Laurent , Delay Frederick
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Rohrschollen Island is an artificial island of the large Upper Rhine river
whose geometry and hydrological dynamics are the result of engineering works
during the 19th and 20th centuries. Before its channelization, the Rhine
river was characterized by an intense hydromorphological activity which
maintained a high level of biodiversity along the fluvial corridor. This
functionality considerably decreased during the two last centuries.
In 2012, a restoration project was launched to reactivate typical alluvial
processes, including bedload transport, lateral channel dynamics, and
surface–subsurface water exchanges. An integrated hydrological model has been
applied to the area of Rohrschollen Island to assess the efficiency of the
restoration regarding surface and subsurface flows. This model is calibrated
using measured piezometric heads. Simulated patterns of water exchanges
between the surface and subsurface compartments of the island are checked
against the information derived from thermal infrared (TIR) imaging. The simulated
results are then used to better understand the evolutions of the
infiltration–exfiltration zones over time and space and to determine the
physical controls of surface–subsurface interactions on the hydrographic
network of Rohrschollen Island. The use of integrated hydrological modeling
has proven to be an efficient approach to assess the efficiency of
restoration actions regarding surface and subsurface flows.
SMC-Floods database: A high resolution press database on floods for the Spanish Mediterranean Coast (1960–2015)
Authors: Gil-Guirado Salvador , Pérez-Morales Alfredo , Lopez-Martinez Francisco
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Floods are the natural disaster that affects the greatest number of people and causes the highest economic losses in the world. However, some areas, such as the Mediterranean Coast of the Iberian Peninsula, are especially exposed to this natural hazard. The problem takes on even more relevance when a changing social dynamic is added to the natural context. With a view to accomplishing correct spatial planning in the light of the flood hazard, it is necessary to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of floods with a scale of analysis that allows the detection of changes and the search for causality. Databases compiled from journalistic documentation offer these possibilities of analysis and represent a vital tool for correct spatial planning. In this study we present the SMC (Spanish Mediterranean Coast)-Flood Database for the municipalities of the Mediterranean coast of mainland Spain. This database has enabled the reconstruction of 3008 cases of flooding on a municipal scale and with daily resolution, with information on the type of damages, intensity and area affected. The spatiotemporal analysis of the data reveals black spots where floods are especially intense and damaging, compared to highly-developed areas where the frequency of the floods is very high. This situation is especially worrying, insofar as we have detected a growing trend in the frequency and area affected by floods. However, it is positive that the intensity and severity of the floods follows a falling trend. The main novelty lies in the fact that the high-resolution spatial analysis has made it possible to detect a clear latitudinal gradient of growing intensity and severity with a north–south direction. This pattern subjects the coastal municipalities of the south of Spain to a complicated adaptation scenario.
Distribution of Water Masses in the Atlantic Ocean based on
GLODAPv2
Authors: Liu Mian , Tanhua Toste
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The distribution of the main water masses in the Atlantic Ocean are investigated with the Optimal Multi-Parameter (OMP) method. The properties of the main water masses in the Atlantic Ocean are described in a companion article; here these definitions are used to map out the general distribution of those water masses. Six key properties, including conservative (potential temperature and salinity) and non-conservative (oxygen, silicate, phosphate and nitrate), are incorporated into the OMP analysis to determine the contribution of the water masses in the Atlantic Ocean based on the GLODAP v2 observational data. To facilitate the analysis the Atlantic Ocean is divided into four vertical layers based on potential density. Due to the high seasonal variability in the mixed layer, this layer is excluded from the analysis. Central waters are the main water masses in the upper/central layer, generally featuring high potential temperature and salinity and low nutrient concentrations and are easily distinguished from the intermediate water masses. In the intermediate layer, the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) from the south can be detected to ~30 °N, whereas the Subarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW), having similarly low salinity to the AAIW flows from the north. Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) flows from the Strait of Gibraltar as a high salinity water. NADW dominates the deep and overflow layer both in the North and South Atlantic. In the bottom layer, AABW is the only natural water mass with high silicate signature spreading from the Antarctic to the North Atlantic. Due to the change of water mass properties, in this work we renamed to North East Antarctic Bottom Water NEABW north of the equator. Similarly, the distributions of Labrador Sea Water (LSW), Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW), and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) forms upper and lower portion of NADW, respectively roughly south of the Grand Banks between ~50 and 66 °N. In the far south the distributions of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) are of significance to understand the formation of the AABW.
A CMEMS forecasting system for the marine ecosystem of IBI
European waters
Authors: Gutknecht Elodie , Reffray Guillaume , Mignot Alexandre , Dabrowski Tomasz , Sotillo Marcos G.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), an operational ocean forecasting system was developed to monitor the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems of the European waters; and more specifically on the IBI (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland) area. The CMEMS IBI physical-biogeochemical coupled system covers the North-East Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands to Iceland, including the North Sea and the Western Mediterranean, with a NEMO-PISCES 1/36° model application. Since its operational launch in April 2018, this CMEMS IBI system has provided a weekly short-term (7-days) forecast of the ocean dynamics and key biogeochemical variables of the marine ecosystem. The main goal of this paper is to assess the performances of the IBI biogeochemical system, using a 7-year retrospective simulation that spans from 2010 to 2016. The model results are validated with available satellite and in situ observations from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) and the Biogeochemical-Argo float network. The simulation successfully reproduces the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll-a, and net primary production. This simulation can be a useful tool to better understand the current state and changes in the marine biogeochemistry of European waters. It can also provide key variables for developing indicators to monitor the health of European marine ecosystems. These indicators may be of interest to scientists, policy makers, environmental agencies and the general public.
Permafrost distribution and conditions at the headwalls of two
receding glaciers (Schladminger and Hallstadt glaciers) in the
Dachstein Massif, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Authors: Rode Matthias , Schnepfleitner Harald , Sass Oliver , Kellerer-Pirklbauer Andreas , Gitschthaler Christoph
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Permafrost distribution in rockwalls surrounding receding glaciers is an important factor for rock slope failure and rockwall retreat. The Northern Calcareous Alps of the Eastern European Alps form a geological and climatological transition zone between the Alpine Foreland and the Central Alps. Some of highest summits of this area are located in the Dachstein Massif (47°28'32'' N, 13°36'23'' E) in Austria reaching up to 2995 m a.s.l. Occurrence, thickness and thermal regime of permafrost at this partly glaciated mountain massif are scarcely known and related knowledge is primarily based on regional modeling approaches. We applied a multi method approach with continuous ground surface and near-surface temperature monitoring, measurement of bottom temperature of the winter snow cover, electrical resistivity tomography/ERT, airborne photogrammetry, topographic maps, visual observations and field mapping for permafrost assessment. Our research focused on steep rockwalls consisting of massive limestone above several receding glaciers exposed to different slope aspects at elevations between c.2600–2700 m a.s.l. We aimed to quantify distribution and conditions of bedrock permafrost particularly at the transition zone between the present glacier surface and the adjacent rockwalls. Low ground temperature data suggest that permafrost is mainly found at cold, north exposed rockwalls. At southeast exposed rockwalls permafrost is only expected in very favourable cold conditions at shadowed higher elevations (2700 m a.s.l.). ERT measurements reveal high resistivities (> 30.000 ohm.m) at ≥ 1.5 m depth at north-exposed slopes (highest measured resistivity values > 100 kohm.m). Based on laboratory studies and additional measurements with small scale ERT, these values indicate permafrost existence. Such permafrost bodies were found in the rockwalls at all measurement sites independent of investigated slope orientation. ERT data indicate large permafrost bodies at north exposed sites whereas discontinuous permafrost bodies prevail at northwest and northeast facing rockwalls. In summary, permafrost distribution and conditions around the headwalls of the glaciers of the Dachstein Massif is primarily restricted to the north exposed sector, whereas at the south exposed sector permafrost is restricted to the summit region.
Establishing a National Higher Education Accreditation Framework: Challenges and Opportunities in Zambia
Authors: Simukanga Stephen , Jacob W. James
Published: January 2019

This paper addresses the context in which a national accreditation framework is being established in Zambia. It also outlines the role the Higher Education Authority plays in coordinating this national effort. This paper is informed by two primary data sources. The first is a review of current literature, policy documentation, and other publication outlets online. A second source examines optimal accreditation agency examples in-depth. Challenges and opportunities are discussed within the Zambian context, including recommendations on how to help overcome each challenge and capitalize opportunities.