bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Surface Temperature Distributions Across an Array of Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Using a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey , Zhu Di , Cho Gyouho
Published: March 2022

As electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular and necessary for the future mobility needs of civilization, further effort is continually made to improve the efficiency, cost, and safety of the lithium-ion battery packs that power these vehicles. To facilitate these goals, this paper introduces a data driven model to predict a distribution of surface temperatures for a lithium-ion battery pack: a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. The LSTM model is trained and validated with lithium-ion cells electrically connected to form a battery pack. Voltage, current, state of charge (SOC), and cell surface temperature from two arrays are used as inputs from a wide range of high and low temperature drive cycles. Additionally, ambient temperature is added as an input to the LSTM model. In summary the LSTM model can accurately characterize and predict a distribution of lithium-ion cell surface temperatures arranged in a battery pack under extreme conditions to an accuracy of 1.53°C. Furthermore, making use of an external sensor to measure the ambient temperature of the battery pack further increases the accuracy of the LSTM model. With this data driven model, fewer testing data is required to validate a battery pack during development, less sensors are needed in production to monitor the health of the battery pack, and data can be generated for a wide variety of applications which may or may not be possible in a lab environment.
A Comparative Study of Lithium-Ion Cathode Chemistry Correlations with Emissions Initiated by Nail Penetration Abuse in the Presence of an Immersive Coolant
Authors: Surampudi Bapiraju , Jones Kevin
Published: March 2022

Internal short-circuit in cells/batteries is a phenomenon where there is direct electrical contact between the positive and negative electrodes leading to thermal runaway. The nail penetration tests were used to simulate an internal short circuit within the battery, where a conductive nail was used to pierce the battery cell separator membrane which provided direct electrical contact between the positive and negative electrodes. The batteries tested during this work were common batteries used in existing automotive applications, and they included a nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) battery from a Chevrolet Bolt, a lithium manganese oxide (LMO) battery from a Chevrolet Volt, and a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery in a hybrid transit bus. The battery abuse and emissions tests were designed to intentionally drive the three different battery chemistries into thermal runaway while measuring battery temperatures, battery voltages and gaseous emissions. During this testing, the batteries were submerged in an immersive coolant, NOVEC 7300, in order to judge how effective, the immersive coolant was in preventing additional thermal propagation. The emissions data collected from FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), GC-FID (Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection) and AES (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) are reported in appropriate units flagging any transgression of health-related safety limits. The emissions collected during the nail penetration testing are summarized in tabular and graphic formats. The NMC showed a higher thermal runaway intensity; it was the only chemistry that continued to have thermal propagation after the initial nail penetration and it had marginally higher temperatures recorded. In contrast, the LFP produced the least number of harmful emissions while the LMO recorded the lowest temperatures.
International Organizations are Here to Stay
Authors: Klabbers J.
Published: March 2022

Jan Klabbers is a Dutch Professor at the University of Helsinki. He is a Member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences and Letters, a member of the editorial board of the European Journal of International Law. Klabbers is the author of The Concept of Treaty in International Law (1996), An Introduction to International Institutional Law (2002, 3rd edition 2015), co-editor of Towards Responsible Global Governance (2018). Professor Klabbers has also published around 200 book chapters and articles (in the European Journal of International Law, International Organizations Law Review etc.) He is famous for delivering lectures during visiting positions at NYU Law School (2009-10), the Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies (2008, 2013, 2015), and the University of Paris-II and Paris-I (2011, 2017).
The International Organization for Migration (IOM): “Competent Structure” and “Inevitable Choice” for Russia and China to Affect Global Migration Governance?
Authors: Geiger M. , Kokoeva N. , Zhang Yadi
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on IOM and its place in global migration governance. China’s and Russia’s memberships were considered overdue, considering the relevance of both countries for the global migration system and their respective weight on the international stage. We aim to contribute to advancing research on IOM as an organization of increasing global relevance and on its engagement with member states, moving beyond the “usual” focus on the European Union (EU) member states, African, North American, and South American immigration and sending countries. Our analysis draws upon recent research, which conceptualizes intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) as “world organizations” and which we fi nd interesting and applicable to our empirical inquiry and discussion of IOM. We regard IOM as a “world organization” that could be examined along four interrelated components: (1) its “internal world” (e.g., establishment, relations with states, internal decisions); (2) its self-image and self-reference as an organization integrated into and referring to world society, hence as the “world of migration governance”; (3) its external relations, integration into wider environments, and responses to external events; and (4) its contribution to the world order, i.e., global migration governance. Our analysis shows that due to its new status as a related organization of the UN, its leading role in the Global Compact on Migration, and China and Russia becoming its new members, IOM will likely play an increasingly signifi cant role in global migration governance. The main reason for this is the need to reactivate the existing modes of migration governance and adapt them to a drastically changed global political and migration-related situation following the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to their memberships in IOM, China and Russia have already been able to benefi t from the IOM assistance. Provided that both countries continue to engage with IOM and provide more substantial funding to it, IOM’s assistance to both China and Russia could be expanded. Meanwhile, both countries may take a position, which would allow them to exert a more signifi cant infl uence on IOM and global migration governance.
European Union in Promotion of Global Governance in the UN System
Authors: Boyashov A. S.
Published: March 2022

Having evolved since the 1990s into a political and ideological concept, global governance has become one of the priorities of the program documents of EU states and institutions, today formulated as “rules-based order”. A distinctive feature of this concept is the “blurring” of interstate interaction on the world stage in favor of non-state and supranational interaction. Under global governance, there is allegedly no hierarchy between state actors and nonstate or supra-state actors. This article critically examines this thesis with the help of the sociological theory of diff erentiation. According to diff erentiation theory, the state does not remain on the sidelines of global governance but takes the lead in the hierarchy of levels of world politics. The fi nal part of the article deals with the principles of EU coordination in the UN system. To promote ideas of global governance, the EU aims at major reform of the UN through intertwining intergovernmental interaction with nongovernmental interaction. This model is used especially often when non-core issues (e.g., human rights or climate in the Security Council) are considered in a UN body, allowing for broader participation in negotiations and, from a strategic perspective, a revision of the UN Charter. The main conclusion of the article is that the EU’s actions in the UN system refute the position of global governance that there is no hierarchy between the interstate and supranational levels of world politics. Despite the active promotion of global governance by the EU states, the EU itself is based on interstate coordination and a rigid hierarchy among states, as well as between states and nongovernmental actors.
Correction of Dental Malocclusion in Twins: Case Report
Authors: AEO Al Ostwani
Published: March 2022

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major problem and challenge that hospitals around the world encounter. Nurses play a particular role in the prevention and control of HAIs as members of the healthcare team. The goal of this study is to analyze nursing students' understanding of nosocomial infection in Mysuru's selected colleges. Methodology: Due to the nature of the problem and the objectives of the study, the study takes a descriptive approach. 100 samples were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consisted of proforma for structured knowledge questionnaire. Reliability of structured knowledge questionnaire was done using split half method and found r= 0.8 and the tools were found reliable. The pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the study design. Based on the objectives and hypothesis of the study, the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean score for nosocomial infection was 15.19, and the SD was 4.91. Over half of the students had poor knowledge. The knowledge of nursing students regarding nosocomial infections was correlated with their year of study.
Теоремы существования и единственности для дифференциального уравнения с разрывной правой частью
Authors: Magomed-Kasumov M. G.
Published: March 2022

We consider new conditions for existence and uniqueness of a Caratheodory solution for an initial value problem with a discontinuous right-hand side. The method used here is based on:1) the representation of the solution as a Fourier series in a system of functions orthogonal in Sobolev sense and generated by a classical orthogonal system;2) the use of a specially constructed operator $A$ acting in $l_2$, the fixed point of which are the coefficients of the Fourier series of the solution.Under conditions given here the operator $A$ is contractive. This property can be employed to construct robust, fast and easy to implement spectral numerical methods of solving an initial value problem with discontinuous right-hand side.Relationship of new conditions with classical ones (Caratheodory conditions with Lipschitz condition) is also studied.Namely, we show that if in classical conditions we replace $L^1$ by $L^2$, then they become equivalent to the conditions given in this article.
Le rôle de la régénération naturelle assistée dans l’accélération de la restauration des paysages forestiers: Expériences pratiques du terrain
Authors: Alves Julio , Oliveira Mariana , Chazdon Robin , Calmon Miguel , Pinto Andreia , Darvin Eduardo , Pereira Bruna
Published: March 2022

Parfois, la nature a besoin de notre aide pour se rétablir. Une stratégie de restauration connue sous le nom de régénération naturelle assistée (RNA) vise à éliminer les agents de dégradation de l'environnement, tels que la déforestation et les incendies, afin de faciliter et d'accélérer le processus de régénération de la végétation. La RNA a généralement des coûts de mise en œuvre inférieurs à ceux d'autres stratégies et la capacité de travailler à des échelles spatiales petites, moyennes et grandes, allant des projets locaux dirigés par des agriculteurs et agricultrices à des programmes de paiement pour des services environnementaux au niveau de l'État. Cette note pratique a analysé 24 cas de mise en œuvre de la RNA, 15 au Brésil et 9 dans d'autres pays, pour identifier les facteurs clés qui déclenchent des expériences réussies dans ces projets. Afin de catalyser les actions de restauration des paysages et des forêts (RPF), les leçons apprises peuvent soutenir la planification et la mise en œuvre de nouveaux projets RNA au Brésil et dans le monde.
Features of biological assets accounting
Authors: Kobenova A. R. , Faizullina S. А. , Kanabekova M. A.
Published: March 2022

The scientific article discusses the peculiarities of accounting of the livestock industry at the present time, including biological assets. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a high potential in the field of agriculture, as it has appropriate natural and climatic conditions and rich pasture lands that contribute to the successful development of animal husbandry. Therefore, the peculiarities of accounting for agricultural production are that constant changes occur in the process of growing in the herd. The dynamics of livestock growth is indicated in special documents that can be defined as primary. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that they are created in a certain form aimed at demonstrating the movement of factors and means of production in the form of animals.Currently, the development of the livestock industry is one of the main tasks of agriculture. Animal husbandry provides the population of the country with high-value food products, such as meat, milk, eggs, industry uses wool, hides, furs, sheepskins, down, animal blood is in demand in pharmaceutical production, products for processing glue, plastics, albumin are used for technical purposes. This leads to the conclusion that a high level of agricultural production ensures the economic and food security of the country.Endoctrine glands produce active drugs containing hormones. Horns are used for various products, bones for making bone food, animals serve as tools and objects of labour. The growth of livestock production, cost reduction, increase in the level of profitability are determined by the improvement of technology and organization of production, improvement of the breed and age composition of the herd, maintaining livestock and efficient use of all the means. As a result, high level of husbandary production provide economic and production safety of the country.
Educational mismatch and the labor market in Kazakhstan
Authors: Urazova B. А. , Kim A. A. , Kurmanova G. K. , Sukhanberdina B. B.
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes the educational mismatch and its impact on the labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on available data from open sources. An analysis of the literature on education management shows that many countries are studying this problem. Researchers identify such negative effects from educational mismatch as staff turnover, the wrong choice of profession, dissatisfaction with work and earnings. The authors, having studied foreign literature on this issue, suggest using the experience of India as an option to bring education in line with the needs of the labor market. In our opinion, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, serious, systematic studies of educational discrepancy should be carried out by research institutes and government bodies. Using the methodology proposed by R. Verdugo and N. Verdugo by such state bodies as the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan, will help to assess the real state of education and the labor market and draw appropriate conclusions to mitigate the discrepancy. Ultimately, Kazakhstan’s higher education system must better adapt to the current realities of the labor market. When writing the article, economic and statistical methods, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy were used.
Analysis of sources of assets of the national fund of Kazakhstan and assessment of its efficiency
Authors: Maulenov A. O.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the assets of the national fund of Kazakhstan and its dynamics from 2005 to 2020, analyzes the sources of its formation and evaluates the effectiveness of the use of assets. The main sources for the formation of the fund’s assets are direct taxes from organizations in the oil sector and investment income from management. Since 2016, the funds of the national fund in the form of aggregate transfers have already been used and directed to support the country’s economy in the face of an unfavorable price environment for commodities. To assess the performance of the fund and its effectiveness from 2001 to 2020, we calculated such indicators as accumulated profitability, arithmetic and geometric mean returns, portfolio standard deviation, variation coefficient, average risk premium, Sharpe ratio. The key indicators of risk and return of the fund’s foreign exchange portfolio are also compared with the indicators of the Norwegian oil fund. As a result of the comparison, valuable recommendations and conclusions were made on the structure of the fund’s portfolio. The Fund needs to gradually increase the share of investments in risky financial instruments such as shares of foreign companies in order to increase the overall return of the fund. The total transfers of the fund in relation to GDP for the last 10 years have been estimated and the forecast for the size of the fund at the end of 2022 has been made. The size of the fund is still at a sufficient level and is a reliable safety cushion for the economy of Kazakhstan during periods of adverse external factors
Implementación de un sistema de gestión y control de inventarios en la empresa diprovet S.A. en Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas
Authors: Pinajota Génesis Dayana Aveiga , Armijos Dayana Ximena Ramírez , Peñate Mikel Ugando , Peñate Antonio Villalón
Published: March 2022

La gestión y control de inventario en las empresas permite obtener múltiples beneficios, como su sostenibilidad económica permitiendo que las empresas se mantengan en el mercado. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el sistema de gestión y control de inventario con el fin de generar niveles eficientes de ventas en la empresa Diprovet S.A. El enfoque de la investigación es mixto, con un diseño cuasi experimental, el análisis estadístico de indicadores financieros y la aplicación de encuestas al personal de la organización arrojaron resultados importantes para conocer el manejo y control de inventarios que se aplica en la actualidad. Como resultados se evidencian una falta de control de inventario con relación a las ventas realizadas, mismas que tuvieron un decremento en el año 2020 del 15%, se obtuvo una clasificación del ABC, para doce, once y quince productos respectivamente y una aprobación por parte del personal sobre la necesidad de un control de inventario dentro de la empresa. De acuerdo a la revisión literaria y a los resultados obtenidos de la organización, se define la importancia que tiene el correcto manejo de la cuenta inventario. Resulta oportuno mencionar que esto beneficiaría a la entidad para un eficiente desempeño y minimización de riesgos. Se llega a la conclusión, de que el personal de la organización necesita analizar el costo beneficio de la implementación de un sistema de control y gestión de inventarios, para la mejora de sus ventas y alternativas de financiación.
Student’s Digital Law Knowledge About Hoax
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Triastuti Rini , Gunawati Dewi , Fajari Laksmi Evasufi Widi
Published: March 2022

The development of this modern era requires every human being to be fluent in technology. There are so many positive sides to technology that humans can get. Nevertheless, there is also a negative side to the existence of technology. One of them is the growing number of crimes in cyberspace. Hoax is one of the crimes committed in cyberspace. This study describes the digital legal knowledge of students about Hoaxes. This study used a sample of 206 students at SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. This research uses qualitative research methods with purposive sampling techniques. Data were taken using interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results showed that students were digital citizens, and their digital legal knowledge about hoaxes was still lacking. Citizenship Education is one of the subjects in schools that can teach legal provisions regarding hoaxes. Policy recommendations that can be given are as follows, (1) Teachers can use various interactive learning models where students can actively seek and understand the legal provisions regarding hoaxes. In addition, the teacher must also be active and creative in linking the subject matter with legal regulations regarding hoaxes. (2) The government must always improve the curriculum’s content to develop according to the needs of students in the present.
Omuz Distosisi Yönetiminde Acil Çağrı Sistemi ve Dokümantasyon
Authors: KARATAŞ BARAN Gonca , USTUN Yaprak
Published: March 2022

Omuz distosisi öngörülemeyen obstetrik aciller arasında yer alır. Maternal ve neonatal morbidite ve mortalite riski olan bir durum olduğundan anında etkin müdahale edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede omuz distosisinin tanımlanması, risk faktörleri, komplikasyonları ve yönetimi üzerinde tartışılmıştır. Omuz distosisine hızlı müdahalede “Obstetrik Acil Butonu” kullanımı ve standardize veri sağlamak ve yasal dayanak oluşturmada dökümantasyonun önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Determination of nursing practices regarding port catheter care
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Muharrem , ALKAN İpek , ÖZTAŞ Bediye
Published: March 2022

Aim: The objective of this study is to determine the applications of nurses for port catheter care.

Material and Method: The research was conducted as a descriptive study. The study sample consisted of 196 nurses who worked in an Education and Research Hospital and agreed to participate in the study. In this study, data were collected using a data collection form created by researchers. Statistical data were expressed as mean±standard deviation (X±SS) and percentage (%).

Results: According to the results of this study, 90.8% of nurses were women, 65.8% were married, 69.4% had a bachelor’s degree, and the average age was 38.08±8.76. 77.04% of nurses (n=151) are concerned about using a port catheter as a venous access point in a patient with a port catheter. 15.81% of the nurses (n=31) stated that they use port catheter right after controlling its location through radiography, 17.34% of the nurses (n=34) stated that pulling back blood on the syringe to confirm the location of the port catheter by observing the fluid flow, 20.4% of the nurses (n=40) state that they used a specific catheter needle to intervene the port catheter, 39.28% of the nurses (n=77) stated that they flushed the port catheter with saline and heparin saline to avoid clogging of the catheter. They flushed the catheter port once in 1-2 months with heparin saline when the catheter port cannot be used for a long time. 21.93% (n=43) of nurses stated that they dressed the area with antiseptic solution before application to prevent port catheter infection, and 17.34% (n=34) of them stated that they checked the location of the catheter by withdrawing blood before application to prevent extravasation.

Conclusion: The applications used by the nurses for port catheter care are compatible with the literature; however, these are limited.
Recent Updates on Polymeric Micelles: A Review
Authors: Pawar Anjali , Kamdi Vaishnavi , Alaspure Ashwini , Gangane Purushottam
Published: March 2022

Polymeric micelles are a promising method for drug delivery and drug targeting research. Polymeric micelles are nano-sized colloid particles that self-assemble from amphiphilic block co-polymers and they are more stable than surfactant micelles, and their inner core can solubilize large amounts of hydrophobic substances. In this article we have reviewed several aspects related to polymeric micelles like fundamental of polymeric micelles such as general feature, main properties, size, shape, structure analysis and chemistry of polymeric micelles, mechanism of micelles formation. The types of polymeric micelles also highlighted. Here, we have especially emphasized recent advancement of polymeric micelles application like treatment of cancer, treatment of Covid-19 and oral drug delivery, cutaneous drug delivery, polynucleotide delivery and delivery to brain by using polymeric micelles as a nanocarrier.
Study of Thyroid Dysfunction and Serum Electrolytes Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Datchanamurthi Sarguru , T Ilanchezhian.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disturbances of various metabolisms of Carbohydrates and majorly caused by the Dysfunction of Beta cells in the pancreas. It is of increasing concern, in which a person will have a hyperglycemia, because of the body does not produce enough insulin or because the cells in the body does not respond to the insulin that is produced, majorly, diabetes have been classified into three types. Type I diabetes mellitus results from inability or failure of our body to produce insulin, which increase Blood glucose levels rapidly and whereas in type II diabetes mellitus the person requires to inject the insulin or wear an insulin pump has emerged as a pandemic health problem in the world right now, and the prevalence is increasing rapidly and the type II diabetes mellitus which accounts for about 20% to 50% cases of new-onset of diabetes in the young people, it is a common endocrine disorder, which is also associated with several electrolytic disorders and this also leads to the disturbances in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs in the human body. It regulates the majority of the body’s physiological actions. Thyroid hormone has an impact on renal tubular function and the reninangiotensin system and is associated with hemodynamic and cardiovascular alterations that interfere with renal blood flow. Conversely, the kidney is not only an organ for the metabolism and elimination of TH but also a target organ of some of the actions of the iodothyronines. The thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions, disorder of thyroid functions is considered to cause electrolytic disorders in diabetes mellitus patients. The present cross-sectional study investigated whether thyroid parameter concentrations, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), T3, T4, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). it had been correlated with electrolytes levels in Diabetic patients. The aim of the study is to study the serum electrolytes levels and thyroid dysfunction in the DM patients. It is a retrospective – cross sectional study. Sample size - 100 (50- DM patients and 50 -Non Diabetic age matched controls). Medical records of and laboratory reports of 50 patients and 50 controls were retrieved and parameters were retrospectively viewed for clinical findings. The results had showed a significant difference among the controls and the patients. It may be concluded from this study that dysregulation of glucose homeostasis may leads to renal failure, renal stones, cardiac arrhythmias due to increase in sodium & potassium levels, and it also can cause hypogonadism, in future the further studies are needed in order to study the underlying mechanism of electrolytes in diabetes mellitus.
Diagnosis and Treatment of PCOS- A Comparative Review
Authors: Kancherla Harshini , Konduri Gayathri , Balaprabha Ramya , Rao Rama
Published: March 2022

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is defined as polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. There are 4 possible phenotypes for a patient with PCOS. These phenotypes are ruled out based on 3 criteria. They are hyperandrogenism, anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. The key goal of the therapy in PCOS is the management of symptoms. Treatment options should be based on the patient's choice for contraception and pregnancy. Treatment focuses primarily on the treatment of infertility, regulating menstrual irregularities, reducing the symptoms of hyperandrogenism or treatment of obesity. Treatment primarily includes oral contraceptives, clomiphene citrate, cyproterone acetate, metformin, Flutamide, spironolactone, Finasteride, ketoconazole, steroids. Oral contraceptives are considered the first line of therapy in the treatment of PCOS. Risks include venous thromboembolism. Commonly preferred oral contraceptives include Clomiphene citrate, Cyproterone acetate, Drospirenone, Ethinylestradiol, norethindrone. Metformin has insulin-lowering effects by improving insulin sensitivity and, in turn, can decrease circulating androgen levels. it may also help reduce hirsutism although this may take several months and Metformin may not be as effective as other treatments for hirsutism. As the diagnosis and treatment are still unclear, every day newer therapeutic options have to be explored. Long term use of OCP should be monitored and follow up should be done. The patient should be counselled regarding PCOS and its complication which might occur in future. Early intervention can minimize complications and the patient can achieve a healthy lifestyle.
THE USE OF INTERGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION (IMC) BY EAST AFRICAN BREWERIES
Authors: Angalia Jane F.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the use of integrated marketing communication (IMC) by East African Breweries LTD.Methodology: The present paper highlights the emergence of integrated marketing communications (IMC) that has significantly influenced thinking and acting among all types of companies and organizations facing the realities of competition in the present open economy. The paper sheds lights on various facets of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) especially in different companies. The challenges and scopes of IMC with the context of strategies, implementation, and audit have also been discussed. The paper identified documentary evidence in the form of already completed studies that focused on the use of integrated marketing communication (IMCs) by different organizations.Results: The findings indicate that IMC has been proved as an efficient promotional tool to communicate more universally, clear, and effectively. Findings also indicate that companies that use IMCs perform better than those organization still using traditional marketing strategies.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The Company has been running the East Africa’s premier music reality show, tusker project fame show in Kenya and neighboring countries for the last five years, where it sponsors contestants and the overall winner walks with 5 million shillings and a recording contract from Gallo Records, the international recording company. In addition to nurturing raw talent, the Project also left a lasting impact on local economies as many small and medium-size enterprises from the region were contracted to provide assorted goods and services in support of the show. During this shows over 15 million adults watch the show thus get to learn about the brands and the website of the company. EABL also sponsors football club thus anytime the games are being played the players put on jerseys with the company logo and their banners displayed at the wall of the stadium. The company has used different mediums of advertising to reach different age groups. For example to reach the people in rural areas it is uses the radio and to reach the aged people within urban centers it uses the television sets and well lit bill boards and to reach the youths it uses the social media where it has different fan Facebook pages for different brands eg pilsner and tusker.
THE IMPACT OF JINGLES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 AMONG RURAL DWELLERS-A SURVEY OF TAI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE
Authors: STALEY LEADER
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study examined the impact of jingles in the fight against the Corona virus, which for some time now has been devastating the entire human world. Faced with this dreadful health challenge, concerned authorities have been seeking ways of creating more awareness in the society, particularly among the rural people. Three research questions--What qualities of the jingle make them appropriate and effective enough for rural enlightenment about COVID-19? Is the rural population being sufficiently informed about the deadliness and social stigma of the Corona virus? Can the use of jingles bring about desired positive behavior toward the Corona pandemic were raised to obtain the necessary data?

Methodology: The study employed the qualitative and quantitative methods with the questionnaire used to gather the necessary data: The target population was the rural people and the sample/sampling technique consisted of one hundred people. The data collection tool was the primary source and the data, which was analyzed by the percentage method, was collected through surveys and semi-interviews.

Findings: The findings indicate that advertising--generally--is highly persuasive and informative, broadcast advertisement penetrating and far reaching, the jingle very effective in capturing people’s attention and in bringing about a positive change in the behaviour of people towards the Corona virus.

Unique Contribution of the Study: This study is significant in that it presented the jingle as a potent marketing communication device, yet to be maximized and exploited and as a tool capable of overcoming social and psychological barriers to disseminating socially valuable information, such as the COVID-19.

Key words: Jingles, COVID-19, dwellers, impact, fight, rural
Factors Leading to Spelling Change of English Language Words on Whatsapp
Authors: Galebole Winnie
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This paper discusses the findings of a research study that sought to investigate the factors that lead to the change of spelling for some English language words by WhatsApp users in Botswana. The investigation was informed by some unconventional spelling of some words in the English language, which otherwise would seem easy to spell. Although writers on social media platforms do not have to conform to standard language rules, some nonstandard forms of spelling similar to those collected from the chat groups, have now evidenced to be cropping in the academic writing.

Methodology:  Data were collected from WhatsApp chat groups. The chat groups comprised of young (university class groups) and a mixture of young and middle aged (in church, social and family groups) users. Daily observations and documentations of strikingly modified spellings of words on WhatsApp were done over a period of 12 months. The Content Analysis data collection method was employed to collect data from a set of written texts on WhatsApp chat groups mentioned. 

Findings: The findings of the study unearthed a metamorphosis and alterations of words, replacement of /s/ with /z/, excision of some letters in the  normal spelling of some words and substitution of letters with numbers. Factors such as being innovative, wanting to belong and speed of typing a text message amid the hype of everyday life, were realized.

Recommendations: It is hoped that the paper will influence social media users, particularly students, to be spelling sensitive and conform to standard rules when they write in more formal platforms such as school assignments.
The Evolution of the Sino-American Nexus, With a View From Washington: From Hostility to Smart Appeasement and Back
Authors: Csutak Zsolt
Published: March 2022

Considering the recent series of events and intensified diplomatic and economic relations, many experts envisage a new Cold War between the two superpowers of the twenty-first century. Although the Chinese-American relationship over the last half-century has experienced some great moments, it has mostly been characterised by less amicable or even hostile attitudes, as well as economically volatile competition. The pragmatic realist approach and diplomatic appeasement of the 1970s and 1980s served mutual interests for the two countries against their common foe, the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, concerning their political values and visions, the democratic US and the Marxist-Maoist People’s Republic of China have proven to be two irreconcilable political and social experiments, worlds apart from each other’s spheres and paradigms. Within the context of the drastically altered global political milieu of the new millennium, the two great powers have manoeuvred themselves into heated confrontational positions over the last decade, not even excluding the possibility of a severe clash of interests in the future.
Smartphone applications (apps) in general surgical practice: An insight into their reliability and usefulness
Authors: Sinha Aishwarya , Firoz Khan Washim , Vikram Gupta Shardool , Agrawal Pankaj
Published: March 2022

Objective: In today’s day and age with the advent of smartphones along with the handy apps available for download, there is increasing opportunities for surgeons to integrate such technology into clinical practice with great ease. This study aims to provide a systematic classification of apps in order to provide dependable data for choosing the right app by both surgeons and trainees.

Material and Methods: A series of methodical searches were carried out on “Google Play Store” and “Apple’s App Store” with pre-decided keywords. The results were then sorted and segregated into relevant categories like core surgery, apps related to surgical practice, patient utility apps and other surgical branches. Thereafter, the apps that met with our cut-offs, were assessed for their credibility and utility, based on predefined parameters.

Results: There were a lot of variations in between the categories we segregated the apps into. Using predefined cutoff criteria, (rating >3 and reviews >30), 48 of the apps were assessed finally for their utility and credibility. Out of these 48 apps, 42 were on android platform while the remaining 6 were on iOS. Ten apps were found to be having high credibility and 15 apps have high utility.

Conclusion: The role of smartphone apps in surgery and surgical training appears highly promising and using apps with high credibility and utility will provide dependable and updated information for the surgeons and trainees.
Outcomes of Non operative Treatment of Isolated, Acute Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury
Authors: M Waqar , I Ahmad , Sanaullah
Published: March 2022

1.1. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of non-operative treatment of acute, isolated PCL injury. 1.2. Study Design: Prospective Observational Study. 1.3. Setting: Orthopedics and spine unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. 1.4. Method: 63 patients who had post traumatic PCL injury were recruited for our study). There were 23 partial PCL injuries and 40 total PCL injuries among the 63 knees. These 63 knees were subjected to a thorough subjective, objective, functional, and radiological examination. 1.5. Results: There was no discomfort in 38 knees (60%), mild pain in 14 knees (22%), and significant pain on exercise in 6 (9.5%) knees at the most recent follow-up examination (10 percent). In 54 knees (93%), there was no swelling, mild, intermittent swelling in three knees (5%), and moderate swelling on exertion in one knee (2 percent). Fifty-two patients (91%) experienced no giving way, whereas five patients (9%) complained of giving way on occasion, especially while walking downstairs. 1.6. Conclusion: We currently believe that patients with acute, isolated, complete PCL tears and up to 10 mm of posterior tibial translation (anterior border of tibial plateau flush with anterior surface of femoral condyles with knee in 90-degree flexion) can be treated non operatively and that the majority of patients can achieve a satisfactory functional result.
Therapeutic Effect of Plasma Assisted Adenoidectomy on Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Baochun Sun , Wuhanhui Wan , Jiyue Chen , Zeli Han , Shuzhi Yang , Jiao Zhang , Yingyu Jin , Chengyong Zhou
Published: March 2022

1.1. Background: This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of tympanostomy during plasma assisted adenoidectomy in children with adenoidal hypertrophy and OME. 1.2. Methods: A retrospective review of 2089 cases of childhood adenoid surgery assisted by low temperature and plasma in our hospital over the past 10 years showed that, of the 2089 cases, 245 cases with OME were treated with simultaneous intraoperative tympanometry, drug injection, suction, and external ear canal pressurization to the patency of the eustachian tube. 1.3. Results: The male to female ratio of the gender ratio in the 2089 cases was 2.08:1, with an average age of 5.87 ±3.12 years and a disease duration of 2.12±0.43 years; among these cases, 6 had adenoid I degree, 173 II degree, 642 III degree and 1268 IV degree. 2. Among 2089 cases, 245 cases with OME, the ratio of adenoid III-IV hypertrophy with OME (12.51%, 239/1910) was higher than that of I-II degree (3.35%, 6/179), P<0.01. 3. Intraoperative tube placement was performed in 8 patients, while the rest of them were punctured, suctioned, infused, pressurized, and ventilated eustachian tubes. During more than 1 year of follow-up, the rate of non-tube placement, one cure, was 96.73% (237/245). 1.4. Conclusion and significance: The degree of adenoid hypertrophy in children correlates with the incidence of OME. OME with adenoid hypertrophy, the vast majority of whom do not undergo tube placement, can be cured by plasma assisted adenoidectomy with needle injection of slow-release hormonal agents and pressure flush through the eustachian tube, greatly reducing tympanostomy tube complications in children.
Upper Rectal Cancer: Benefit After Preoperative Chemoradiation Versus Upfront Surgery?
Authors: Lutsyk Myroslav , Caro Mònica , Gutiérrez Beatriz , Turgeman Ilit , Antel Gabriela , Planas Isabel , Luis Yolanda , Luguera Ernest , Villà Salvador
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Upper rectal cancer management is controversial. The present series reports the outcomes of treatment comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) versus upfront surgery. 1.2. Methods and materials: In this retrospective study we enrolled patients with upper rectal or sigmoid junction locally advanced tumors (stages II-III). At the first Institution patients received NCRT followed by surgery (study group); at the second Institution patients were referred to upfront surgery (control group). Overall survival was the main endpoint of the analysis. Local relapse and other clinical variables were also analyzed. 1.3. Results: Fifty patients in the study group and 32 patients in the control group were analyzed. In the NCRT group there were more N-positive patients (p<0.001); T-stage was similar for both groups. All surgical procedures were performed with R0 margins. Among NCRT patients, in seven cases (14%) complete pathologic response was found. In 27 cases (54%) downstaging in T-stage was achieved. Comparing OS between NCRT and control group there was no significant difference at five years: 84% for NCRT group and 79% for control group (p 0.37). In univariate analysis, clinical T-stage had a statistically significant impact on survival. Patients with cT3 disease did better than patients with cT4 (p = 0.014). Two cases of G4 toxicity were observed and only one case of local relapse was observed in NCRT group. 1.4. Conclusion: NCRT achieved a high rate of downstaging alongside tolerable toxicity profile, but did not affect survival outcome in this selected group, as compared to surgery alone.
Vehicle Parking Management System
Authors: Hasan Phudinawala  , Omkar Malusare  , Rushikesh Mahadik
Published: March 2022

The aim of the paper is to develop application for vehicle parking management. As you can see lot of increase in number of vehicles which is the major problem for traffic control and below standard parking management. Another issue to vehicle owner is to get availability of space to park vehicle. So we intent to create an application that user can book or pre-book parking slot for their vehicle at parking areas. The user can use the application by signing up and then selecting the space or slot for vehicle according to vehicle type at parking area. This application can be applicable in big multi-national companies, shopping centres, airports and event at large public parking areas etc.
Drivers of Tracking Administration of Malaria Drugs in Health Units in Uganda. A Descriptive and Correlational Study.
Authors:   , Kiggundu Ssegawa E James , Nzanzu Twalib J. , Ssekabira Kassim , Arinaitwe Winfred
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed at examining malaria intrinsic factors and technology controls as drivers of tracking the administration of malaria drugs focusing on the roles of both health workers and health units.  Methodology: Descriptive and correlational research designs were employed upon 465 health workers from 564 health units in the central districts of Uganda for which purposive and randomization techniques were used.   Results:  8.5% of health workers don’t test blood in hospitals, HC III, and clinics majorly private facilities that have existed between 5-9 years, nurses noticeably base on just their own experience to examine malaria patients. 11.8% don’t use slides to examine blood, health units that have existed below five years fall suit. Difficulty in electronic data exchange (26.7%), lack of freedom to use electronic systems to access information on malaria drugs (41.9%), poor networks connectivity (60.0%) and poor response time (50.5%) are prominent. Perceptions, attitudes, knowledge, and skills of use of ICTs affect the tracking administration of malaria drugs.  Conclusion: Parasites’ identification, quantification, and speciation concerns decrease from hospitals, clinics, HC III to IV in public health units that existed for 15 and below 5 years. Junior nurses with certificates and diplomas with work experience of 1-5 years mostly in general, pediatrics and “others” departments manage malaria issues with minimum guidance and supervision. Engagement of Rapid Diagnostic Test kits is higher in hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, HC III, and IV.  Recommendations: MoH should improve on planning, surveillance, and supervision of health facilities to enforce diagnosis for malaria cases management and reduction drug resistance. Regulate a holistic and non-discriminative policy on diagnosis, treatment (drugs), and control of malaria and emphasized balanced, effective, and sustainable results. Gargets, training to handle malaria cases regardless of whether the facility is public or privately be prioritized for good tracking administration of malaria drugs.