bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Future Internet of Thing
Authors: Hanifah Hani Purwati
Published: January 2021

The Internet of Things is a technology that will become an integral part of human life. At present, its use has begun to be widely applied in various scientific fields such as agriculture, health, industry, etc. so that it has a very good impact. In addition, the development of this device has also reached a point where collaboration with various scientific fields has occurred. However, in addition to the benefits offered by the Internet of Things, there are challenges such as the use of energy in data transfer, memory limitations and so on as well as threats that can arise such as loss of privacy, leakage of data and information, or use to commit crimes in the physical world.
A Survey Paper: Implementation of the Internet of Things in Industry
Authors: Kurniawan Andi
Published: January 2021

The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely developed in various fields of technology application. Using IoT can make it easier to build robust industrial systems and applications and provide visualization for the safety of industrial employees by taking advantage of the increasing number of radio frequencies, wireless devices, mobile devices and sensors. In understanding the development of IoT in the industry, the paper reviews the latest IoT research, a survey that compares the use of IoT from several existing papers, the main applications of IoT in the industry, and identifies trends and research challenges. The main contribution of this survey paper is to systematically summarize the current state of IoT in the industry.
Factors influencing complications following mastectomy procedures in dogs with mammary gland tumors: 140 cases (2009–2015)
Authors: Evans Brolin J. , Holt David E. , Stefanovski Darko , Sorenmo Karin U.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate complication rates for various types of mastectomy procedures, identify factors associated with an increased risk of complications, and determine the consequences of such complications.

ANIMALS

140 female dogs that underwent 154 separate mastectomy procedures to treat mammary gland tumors.

PROCEDURES

Medical records of dogs in the Penn Vet Shelter Canine Mammary Tumor Program from July 2009 to March 2015 were reviewed. Data regarding signalment, tumor characteristics (ie, number and size, benign or malignant, and bilateral or unilateral), mastectomy type, anesthesia time, concurrent ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy, surgeons’ qualifications, antimicrobial administration after surgery, postoperative placement of surgical drains, and complications (seroma, abscess, dehiscence, or infection) were collected. Complications that required hospitalization were recorded. Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate associations between variables of interest and complications. Multivariable analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with an increased risk of complications.

RESULTS

Complication rate following all mastectomy procedures was 16.9% (26/154); of these, 9 (34.6%) required hospitalization. High body weight, undergoing bilateral mastectomy, and postoperative antimicrobial administration were associated with significantly increased odds of complications. The odds of complications associated with postoperative antimicrobial administration, however, varied according to mastectomy type; dogs undergoing chain mastectomy that did not receive antimicrobials postoperatively had the highest odds of developing complications. Dogs undergoing concurrent ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy had significantly decreased odds of complications.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Previously spayed dogs with a large body size that underwent the most extensive mastectomy procedures had increased odds of having postoperative complications.
Reporting quality of abstracts of veterinary randomized controlled trials
Authors: Maranville Rachel E. , Popken Andrea K. , Reynders Reint Meursinge , Brandão João , Di Girolamo Nicola
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the adherence of veterinary randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts to the recommendations on minimum abstract information included in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist for RCT abstracts and to identify characteristics associated with the number of CONSORT items reported.

SAMPLE

212 abstracts representing all RCTs published in 5 general veterinary journals in 2013 and 2018.

PROCEDURES

2 investigators independently assessed whether each of the 15 CONSORT checklist items for abstracts applicable to veterinary medicine was reported. Generalized linear mixed models were built to explore associations of selected variables with the total number of checklist items reported.

RESULTS

Abstracts included a median of 5 checklist items (range, 2 to 10 items). None met the recommendations for reporting participant recruitment and funding source. Less than 25% of abstracts met the recommendations for the title, participant eligibility criteria, primary outcome, randomization technique, blinding, numbers analyzed, primary outcome results, and harms to participants. The number of items reported was higher in abstracts of RCTs that included clinical patients (vs other participants; OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.22). The number of items reported did not significantly change over time.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that the reporting quality of abstracts of RCTs in general veterinary journals was suboptimal per CONSORT recommendations. Because abstracts may be the only reference material available in certain settings, improvements are warranted to ensure readers have the information they need to properly interpret reported findings.
Antibacterial and antitumor activity of the species Prunella vulgaris L.
Authors: Groşan Alexandra , Vari Camil-Eugen , Ştefănescu Ruxandra , Danciu Corina , Pavel Ioana Zinuca , Dehelean Cristina , Man Adrian , David Remona Eliza , Vlase Laurian , Muntean Lucia Daniela
Published: January 2021

Background: Prunella vulgaris L., known as self-healing herb, is a widely spread species in the spontaneous flora with beneficial effects on human health, a fact proven in particular by Asian researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and the antibacterial effect on different bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant ones, depending on the type of solvent used (aqueous, hydroalcoholic), the plant product taken into consideration (spike inflorescence, leaf), its quantity and the concentration of active principles.

Material and method: For screening of antimicrobial susceptibility, both minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, Pseudomonas aeruginosai, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species, including reference strains and hospital strains. Leaves and flower extracts (aqueous and 70% methanolic) were first assessed, and the one with the best antibacterial potential was further tested as a concentrated extract. The antitumor activity was determined on MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells and on a non-tumor cell line, MCF-10A breast epithelial cells by means of Alamar blue technique and Scratch assay.

Results: Inflorescence extracts showed better bacteriostatic effects than leaf extracts on most bacteria, in both aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. The concentrated extract of spike inflorescence showed measurable activity with good effects on Gram-positive bacteria, but also on multidrug-resistant Gram-negative ones. The 70% methanolic extract of the species Prunella vulgaris L. (spike inflorescence) demonstrated a concentration-dependent cytotoxic and anti-migratory activity on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while affecting the non-tumor cell line less.

Conclusions: The results suggest that Prunella vulgaris extracts present antibacterial potential in the complementary treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. The extract from the spike inflorescence of Prunella vulgaris L. produced a dose and time-dependent reduction in cell viability and migration, eliciting a stronger effect on the breast adenocarcinoma cell line.
The potential of programmed death ligand-1 expression in ovarian malignant germ cell tumors as a prognostic factor
Authors: Harahap Fadhlina , Tjahjadi Hartono , Kusmardi Kusmardi
Published: January 2021

Background: Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors (OMGCT) that fail to recover with conventional management have a poor prognosis. Several recurrent events after chemotherapy have been found. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is expressed in various malignancies and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with a known role as a prognostic factor.

Objective: To determine the role of PD-L1 expression in OMGCT in determining overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Methods: Expression of PD-L1 was assessed from PD-L1 immunohisto-chemistry in paraffin block preparations from 40 patients diagnosed with OMGCT who met the inclusion criteria. The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and OS and PFS was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model.

Results: No significant relationship was found between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells with 2-year OS (p=0.275) and PFS (p=0.421) in OMGCT. A significant association was found between histopathologic types with 2-year OS (p=0.002), and cancer stage with 2- year OS (p=0.028) and PFS (p=0.014).

Conclusion: PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was not related to OS and PFS in OMGCT patients. There is a tendency for death and recurrence in patients OMGCTs with low PD-L1 expression in tumor cells.
The Diagnostic Value of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Compared with Procalcitonin, C-reactive Protein, and Lactate in Bacteremia Estimation for Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Ödemiş İlker , Köse Şükran , Senger Süheyla Serin , Akbulut İlkay , Çelik Didem
Published: January 2021

Bacteremia in the febrile neutropenic patients significantly increases the mortality. It takes a long time to complete the blood culture for the diagnosis of bacteremia. Therefore, quick and specific markers are needed for the prediction of bacteremia. The purpose of this study are to compare the diagnostic value of lactate, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in a patient with febrile neutropenia, and to evaluate its usefulness in predicting bacteremia. This study was designed to be prospective case-control study. Forty-eight patients and forty control cases aged 18 years or older who were monitored between May 2016 and May 2017 were included in the study. P-value as <0.05 was accepted to be significant. Significantly increased values were determined by the level of inflammatory markers of patients compared to the control group. The highest diagnostic odds ratio were found to be in MCP-1. For patients with febrile neutropenia, CRP (83.3%), and MCP-1 (81.2%) were the most sensitive markers while lactate (85.0%), MCP-1 (75%), and procalcitonin (75%) were the most specific markers. CRP was the only beneficial biomarker in the estimation of bacteremia. No significant results were observed for any biomarker for the prediction of the gram positive/negative discrimination of bacteria in the blood culture. We believe that CRP, MCP-1, and lactate levels can be taken into consideration for diagnosis, and CRP can be beneficial in the estimation of bacteremia.
CULTURAL VALUES OF WOMEN AND MARRIAGE IN AL-‘ARABIYYAH BAYNA YADAIK AND AL-KITAB FI TA‘ALLUM AL-‘ARABIYYAH
Authors: Arifah Fatwa , Emzir Emzir , Kamil Sukron
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to find deep information about cultural values contained in al-Kitab fi Ta‘allum al-‘Arabiyyah and al-‘Arabiyyah bayna Yadaik  related to women and marriage. This study used a qualitative approach with the content analysis method by Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis which is limited to the linguistic aspect. The text describes the problems faced by women regarding the culture of marriage and reveals cultural values related to the role of women in society and their position in marriage. The result of this study confirmed that al-Kitab fi Ta'allum al-'Arabiyyah and al-'Arabiyyah bayna Yadaik represent women and their position in marriage and society with a multi-perspective way.  This study is important to provide critical thinking about women's issues and marriage in Arabic language teaching. Furthermore, the student and teacher will have an awareness and understanding of cultural differences to increase their ability to communicate with Arab society.
HIGH VARIETY VS LOW VARIETY CULTURE IN THE ARABIC LANGUAGE : THE TENSIONS BETWEEN FUSHÂ AND ‘ÂMIYYA IN THE CONTEMPORARY ARAB WORLD
Authors: Yoyo Yoyo , Mukhlis Abdul , Thonthowi Thonthowi , Ferawati Ferawati
Published: January 2021

Arabic language, in its sociological context is divided into two varieties: fusha and ‘amiyya. Arabic fusha is the official language and perceived as the language of Islam. In contrast to the fusha, ‘amiyya is the language used by the Arab people in their daily conversations. However, this ‘amiyya is considered as inferior. The method used in this study was qualitative that stressed the interaction between language and its sociological context. The method assumed that social and political events affected language use in a particular society. The paper tries to re-popularize the two terms used by Ferguson that are "high variety" (H) and “low variety” (L) culture in analyzing the two languages varieties. Besides, the paper explores the tension of the two languages through contemporary social and political events taking place in the Arab World. The Arabic fusha is perceived as a representation of “H” culture because it is a language used in religious literature and official writings, while the ‘amiyya referred to as a representation of “L” variety culture because it is used only as a medium of regular communication.
VALUABLE MORAL MESSAGES IN THE CLASSICAL ARABIC POETRY: SEMIOTIC STUDY OF THE IMAM ALI’S POEMS
Authors: Arifianto Muhammad Lukman
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the moral messages implied in the Imam Ali’s poems. As stated by some experts, poetry is a set of signs that need to be sought for its meaning and significance. This set of signs is mostly difficult to be realized directly by ordinary people. In consequence, Imam Ali’s poems need to be explored by semiotic analysis so that the meanings implied in these poems can be elaborated in detail, and hopefully, it can be well understood by the public. The method used is descriptive-analytical framework that emphasizes systematic interpretation from of the individual point of view or population being studied to generate new concepts. Based on the result, it is found that Imam Ali’s poems imply many valuable and important moral messages that were in line with Islamic teachings and they are very important to be known, studied, and used as the guidelines in everyday life. The moral messages implied in these poems they are about the primacy of seeking knowledge and science, the primacy of reasoning, the primacy of silence, keeping away from greedy, and patient with all kinds of insult.
Rozwój turystyki kolejowej w województwie małopolskim
Authors: Kurek Sławomir
Published: January 2021

Przedmiotem badań jest turystyka kolejowa, jej geneza i rozwój w ujęciu historycznym na obszarze obecnego województwa małopolskiego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie potencjału turystyki kolejowej w województwie małopolskim na tle rozwoju sieci kolejowej w ujęciu historycznym, jak i obecnie. Przeanalizowano rozwój najbardziej atrakcyjnych turystycznie linii kolejowych oraz dokonano przeglądu imprez i przejazdów związanych z kolejowym dziedzictwem historycznym. Materiałem źródłowym do badań były publikacje dotyczące rozwoju transportu kolejowego w województwie małopolskim, strony internetowe poświęcone imprezom kolejowym oraz archiwalne rozkłady jazdy pociągów. Stwierdzono wysoki potencjał rozwoju turystyki kolejowej na badanym obszarze wynikający z uwarunkowań naturalnych (atrakcyjność krajobrazowa linii kolejowych, zwłaszcza Galicyjskiej Kolei Transwersalnej), lokalizacji Skansenu Taboru Kolejowego, kontynuacji projektu Małopolskie Szlaki Turystyki Kolejowej realizowanego przez Zarząd Województwa Małopolskiego w partnerstwie z PKP Cargo i Nowosądeckim Stowarzyszeniem Miłośników Kolei oraz zahamowania procesu likwidacji linii kolejowych w Polsce i ogromnego zainteresowania przejazdami zabytkową koleją.
PENGENALAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TUNGKU BIOMASA DENGAN PEMBAKARAN BERSIH BAGI PENGUSAHA IKAN KAYU (KEUMAMAH) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Hasan Hafidh , Anwar Sri Haryani
Published: January 2021

Keumamah is made from the preservation of eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis). For keumamah production, boiling of fresh eastern little tuna in water, is one of the main process which requires a lot of energy. The keumamah producers utilize three-stone like stove with wood biomass as the fuel. The stove adoption is economically motivated since the fuel is cheaper than other form of commercial energy and relatively easy to obtain. However, the stove is inefficient and wasting the wood. Inefficient burning of wood releases smoke and volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are dangerous to human health and harmful for the environment. Therefore, in this community development program, two keumamah producers, located near Lampulo fish harbour - in Banda Aceh, were introduced to better practices in utilizing biomass wood as energy source. They were firstly given the information on the reverse impacts on health and environment introduced by three-stone like stove. The team has developed an improved biomass stove with improved efficiency, less fuel consumption and much cleaner combustion. Later this clean better design biomass stove with its advantages was introduced. From the test of performance, the stoves showed: 1) faster cooking time; 2) reduce fuel consumption by nearly 30%; 3) reduced smoke; and 4) flexible usage of working space with modular design. It is the intentions of this program for the stove to benefit the keumamah producers and their workers with less expending for fuel and cleaner work environment.
PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING MASYARAKAT: PEMBUATAN KAIN KANVAS LUKIS DENGAN TEKNIK PELABURAN MENGGUNAKAN LITHOPON DI PESANTREN RANCA HERANG, DESA CIBOGO, BANDUNG
Authors: Suryana Wawan , Pandanwangi Ariesa , Effendi Ismet Zainal , Elnissi Sharon , Deniansha Farhan
Published: January 2021

Cibogo Village, Kodya Bandung is located behind the Maranatha Christian University campus. The village has a Islamic boarding school (Pondok Pesantren) Ranca Herang which is currently actively inhabited by students and female students. These students focus on studying religion, at the end of the year they are always ready to go into society and be independent. On that basis, the pesantren submitted a letter to the Fine Arts Study Program with the aim of getting training from lecturers and students, namely skills that can increase community competitiveness. The method of implementing this activity uses mentoring methods and practical methods. This activity is in the form of training in making painted canvas cloth with the laying technique using a lithophone. This solution was given because the large number of requests for canvas from schools in the city of Bandung had not been fulfilled. Apart from providing training, this program also provides insight into the tools and materials for creating fine arts. The results of this training are carried out in stages and the results show that they are able to make canvas cloth practically, it is hoped that those who acquire these skills will later become provisions to earn a living from making canvas paintings so that they can improve their standard of living, over life, during life community life.
USE OF IODINE-CONTAINING ADDITIVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF WELLNESS BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors:   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Buialska Nataliia , Voedilo Valeriya ,   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Denisova Natalya ,   Chernihiv National University of Technology
Published: January 2021

Urgency of the research. The iodine supply of the population is one of the most important task in many countries, including Ukraine. Iodine enrichment of bakery products contributes to its solution. Target setting. The enrichment of bakery products with iodine is promising direction. However, it is still not used widely due to insufficient data. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Works of many domestic and foreign scientists are devoted to the problem of iodine deficiency. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Issues of the efficiency of using various iodine-containing additives and their influence on the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of the quality of bakery products have not been studied sufficiently. Further development of the assortment of bakery products fortified with iodine is required. The research objective. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of iodine-containing additives on organoleptic and physico-сhemical quality indicators of bakery products from wheat flour for improving the nutritional value of bread and producing wellness food products. The statement of basic materials. The advisability of using iodine-containing additives “Iodaktiv” and “Laminariia” in the technology of bakery products in order to improve their quality, raise nutritional value and provide wellness properties of finished products has been proved on the basis of scientific and experimental data. On the basis of organoleptic and physicochemical studies it was established that studied bread samples containing additive “Iodaktiv” in quantity of 0,13 g and additive “Laminariia” in quantity of 0,5 g are characterized by higher quality indicators. Conclusions. Consumption of bread fortified with additives “Iodaktiv” and “Laminariia” in optimal concentrations provides intake of approximately 55 μg of iodine or 37 % of the total iodine daily dose, which is recommended.
DEFORMATION OF ROUND PINE ASSORTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION SIZE
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Buiskykh Nataliia
Published: January 2021

Urgency of the research. Study of wood behavior under load will allow us to deepen our understanding of technological processes and evaluate performance characteristics of finished product. Target setting. Knots are the main flaw that forming defects. Their influence on strength and deformation of small diameter wood has not been studied yet. Therefore, determination of indicators for wood mechanical properties with defects, taking in consideration their moisture content will allow to determine beams design in wooden structures. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. There are some studies today how to determine mechanical state of wood under different methods of load application. However we don’t have publications which examine the issues of applying load to samples of construction dimensions with defects. Uninvestigated parts of general issues defining. Construction is one of the main wood consumer. It is known that wood structures can come as round wood of coniferous and hardwood . The presence of wood flaws such as knots and cracks affects it’s strength significantly. It should be noted that experimental and theoretical results of studies of wood flaws influence on its strength refer only to the presence of knots in lumber. Dependence of round timber strength characteristics on flaws and wood moisture content is not well understood. In this regard it becomes necessary to determine these dependencies and opportunity to use small diameter logs in building structures. The research objective. The main purpose of this study is to present some results of experimental investigation of how deformation of small diameters round pine assortment depends on presence of knots and moisture content under compression parallel to grain. The statement of basic materials. This article presents some study results about a pattern of deformation development in small diameters round pine assortments depending on size of knots and wood moisture content. Deformation was higher in test samples with knots and moisture content above saturation limit of cell walls than in control samples. The lower deformation was observed in dry samples with W – 16-18 %% as well as in samples with the knots. Total value of residual deformation of dry wood is determined . It should be noted that dry wood has residual deformation after 30th loading cycle. Conclusions. It is determined that under application of compressive static load along the grain with the upper compression limit which is lower than conditional limit of proportionality the process of deformation for wood with knots and without knots is almost the same. The control samples were deformed less and deformation value of samples with knots had higher numerical value and increased with the size of the knots.
How does Tenerife society perceive immigration?
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Buraschi Daniel , Godenau Dirk ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Published: January 2021

The social perceptions of immigration and the attitudes that Tenerife society has towards immigrants are essential aspects of the dynamics of intercultural coexistence. The Tenerife Immigration Observatory has conducted research that has shows that in general terms the society in Tenerife has a positive perception of immigration, although there is a generalized perception of comparative grievance, based on the idea that migrants are treated more favourably by public institutions
Kwestia niezmienności spuścizny kanonicznej Kościoła w kontekście współczesnych wyzwań
Authors: Kosticzuk Jakub
Published: January 2021

Współcześnie spotykamy się z wieloma problemami natury etycznej, które wywołują kontrowersje w ich ocenie. Jedne z nich istniały w historii, inne powstały w wyniku rozwoju nowoczesnych technologii. Problemy, które istniały wcześniej, mają w większości swoje określenie w spuściźnie kanonicznej Kościoła. Mimo to poddawane są nowej ocenie. Wiąże się to z kwestą niezmienności prawa kanonicznego. O ile kanony związane są z nauką dogmatyczną, nie mogą one podlegać zmianie w kwestiach doktrynalnych. Dogmaty wyrażają to, co niezmienne w Objawieniu, kanony natomiast to, co zmienne w formach historycznych. Kanonów nie należy więc dogmatyzować. Historia pokazuje, że niektóre kanony w zmieniających się uwarunkowaniach historycznych stawały się nieaktualne, powstawały też nowe. W niektórych przypadkach – choć jest ich tylko kilka – kanony zmieniały się. Dokonywało się to jednak zawsze po to, by pomagać człowiekowi w dążeniu do zbawienia. W opiniach teologów powstały więc różne koncepcje na temat niezmienności kanonów. Mimo ogromnej spuścizny kanonicznej, w przypadku nowych wyzwań nie zawsze istnieje konkretne określenie normatywne. Zgodnie ze starożytną praktyką Kościół powinien jak najszybciej dawać odpowiedź na palące problemy, by eliminować niejednoznaczną i niepoprawną ocenę nowych zjawisk. Wszystko to świadczy, że twórczość kanoniczna nie może być uważana za zakończoną.
Wychowywanie do postawy dialogu w katechezie dorosłych
Authors: Misiaszek Kazimierz
Published: January 2021

W dokumentach Kościoła na temat katechezie dorosłych są wskazania dotyczące dialogu ekumenicznego. Wymiar ekumeniczny katechezy dorosłych jest jednym z podstawowych warunków całościowego ujęcia tej katechezy. Mówi o tym adhortacja Jana Pawła II Catechesi tradendae. W dokumencie Międzynarodowej Rady do spraw Katechezy, jakim jest Katecheza dorosłych we wspólnocie chrześcijańskiej, zagadnienia ekumeniczne są traktowane jako stały element przekazu. W Polce nie ma katechezy dorosłych. Trudno jest więc wskazywać, jak powinno wyglądać wychowanie do dialogu osób dorosłych. Dlatego podstawowym wyzwaniem jest budowanie w Polsce katechezy dorosłych. Dopiero wówczas będzie można mówić i oceniać stan dialogu ekumenicznego wśród dorosłych chrześcijan.
O uso da metodologia ativa como ferramenta de fortalecimento para a segurança do paciente
Authors: Ribeiro Ligia Lopes , Paiva José Wáttylla Alves dos Santos , De Jesus Elizabete da Silva Dantas , Santos Nathalia Telles Paschoal , Da Rocha Paula Taciana Soares
Published: January 2021

A segurança do paciente é considerada hoje como essencial na formação dos profissionais de saúde, com potencial para revolucionar a forma como as instituições prestam serviços aos seus usuários. O presente estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica que tem por objetivo oferecer um embasamento teórico acerca da importância da educação permanente em saúde, como ferramenta para segurança do paciente em instituições de saúde. Adotou-se a metodologia ativa como ferramenta para este fim, que demonstrou ter impacto positivo sobre o trabalho em saúde, proporcionando maior envolvimento dos profissionais e favorecendo tanto o conhecimento como o domínio das questões de segurança. É necessário formar e apoiar profissionais da saúde a identificarem e utilizarem práticas baseadas em evidências e a metodologia ativa é uma ferramenta perfeitamente condizente com isso, ademais, novas intervenções e abordagens contribuiu para o avanço do conhecimento e a qualificação das práticas seguras e disseminação da cultura de segurança do paciente.
Preparation, Characterization and In-Vitro Diffusion Study of Different Topical Flurbiprofen Semisolids
Authors: Jaber Saba A. , Sulaiman Halah T. , Rajab Nawal A.
Published: January 2021

Flurbiprofen (FLB) is chemically 2-(3- fluoro-4-phenyl phenyl) propanoic acid. It is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Oral administration of this drug is associated with severe gastrointestinal side effects like ulceration and gastrointestinal bleeding. The solution to this problem lies in the fact that topically applied NSAIDs are safer than orally. This study aims to prepare different topical semisolid formulation of FLB as cream base (o/w), (w/o) and gel base using different gel-forming agents in different concentrations. Comparing characterization properties in addition to release and diffusion study for all the prepared formulas to select the best one.
Method: Topical semisolid FLB preparations were formulated using different semisolid formulation starting from emulsion bases w/o and o/w comparing with different gelling agents in different concentrations which include carbopol 934, sodium carboxy methylcellulose (SCMC) and combination of both polymer in different concentration to get 1% gelling agents. All the gel formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, rheological studies, drug content, in vitro release and diffusion studies.
Results: All gel formulations which contain gelling agent exhibit better in vitro drug release and permeation compared with the emulsion bases, especially 1% polymer combination. Ethanol exerts a significant effect (p less than 0.05) on the in vitro drug release and diffusion for 2% carpbopol 934 compared with SCMC. Drug content was found to be uniform in all the formulations. The pH ranges of formulated gels were found to be suitable for topical application.
Conclusion: Based on overall results, FLB can be successfully prepared as topical semisolid preparation with accepted properties.
Optimization Performance and Physical Stability of Ciprofloxacin HCL-Ca Alginate Microspheres: Effect of Different Concentration of Alginate and CaCl2
Authors: DM Hariyadi , E Hendradi
Published: January 2021

Inhalation treatment using antibiotics is an alternative for lung delivery. However, the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled drugs is limited by their rapid clearance in the lungs. Sustained release systems in the lungs can improve therapeutic outcomes of drugs because they can retain the drug load within the lungs and progressively release the drug locally at therapeutic levels. This study presents the formulation strategies to control drug release in the lungs using an alginate polymer-based microspheres system. The microsphere’s composition can be adjusted to modulate release and can encapsulate compounds with high loading. The pulmonary route is commonly used and has been well accepted as a portal for non-invasive drug delivery for many lung diseases. It is explored for decades as an alternative for systemic as well as local drug delivery. The present study explored the in vitro benefits of ciprofloxacin encapsulated in alginate microspheres. The studies included size, morphology, yield, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency as well as stability.
Current results showed small, smooth, and spherical ciprofloxacin-alginate microspheres were produced using aerosolization techniques. Small particles of less than 5μm were formed, which suitable for inhalation particles for lung delivery. High entrapment efficiency up to 95%, loadings of 80%, and a yield of 89% were also showed from microspheres. It was confirmed that all microspheres were stably indicated by no significant changes in morphology, organoleptic, and drug content after 30 days of storage. The recent promising characteristics of microspheres for pulmonary delivery will need further evaluation of the potency against microorganisms in lung disease.
Evaluation of Some Common Disinfectants Against Some Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Mohammad Ghada A.
Published: January 2021

Seven disinfectants were used in this study, green clean, luxxtol, bittol, PAX guard, SALi, sarttol, and lenol, and their inhibitory activity was determined against nine gram-negative bacterial isolates; one isolate of each Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, two isolates of each Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and three isolates of Citrobacter freundii, by using disc diffusion method. Results demonstrated the efficacy of lenol because it was the only disinfectant that gave inhibition zones around the filter disc for all types of studied bacteria, but other disinfectants had different effects on bacterial growth.
As well as, the detection on effect of prolonged disinfectant time by exposing bacteria to disinfectant for ten minutes expecting increased efficiency of disinfectants. The results showed that bittol had the first rank in increasing its inhibition ability of bacterial growth, Green clean was the next, followed by SALi, Sartol. Lastly, Luxxtol had the last rank because it had few effects on just A. baumannii.
Relationship of HbA1c Values to Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cardiovascular
Authors: Al-Hakeem Aaya Hamid , Saleh Hadeel Haider
Published: January 2021

A total of 50 patients aged 35-75 years From Al-Sader educational Hospital in Al-Najaf city was studied to determine the glycated hemoglobin risk factors with value creatinine and urea in serum and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic patient were (35-45 years old) with HbA1c 7.9 % (60mmol/mol). Patient were (45–55 years old), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) andgt; 8.5 %. Patients between (55–65 years were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) andgt;10.5 %. HbA1c levels, lipid profile, level of Creatinine and urea in serum, family history, BMI, blood pressure, disease severity, and complications were determined. Most patients developed some grade of retinopathy (examined by an ophthalmologist) except those with HbA1c 6.7% (50mmol/mol). Diabetic patients aged (55–65 years old) with HbA1c 7.6% (60mmol/mol). Patients aged 56–75 years old of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) andgt;7% with poor glycaemia control ≥ 126mg/dL were assessed to classify diabetic retinopathy.
HbA1c and GA are associated with nephropathy separately. Retinopathy and nephropathy may respond to different aspects of hyperglycemia. The GA found as a powerful indicator of microvascular complications same as HbA1c where long-term glycaemia is the risk factor.
Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Poorly Soluble Drug Nifedipine by Solid Sedds
Authors: Bindhani Sabitri , Mohapatra Utkalika , Mohapatra Snehamayee , Kar Rajat K.
Published: January 2021

Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calci channel blocking agent belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class-II mainly applied in the treatment of hypertension and angina-pectoris. The objective of this work is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of nifedipine by formulating into a solid-self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (solid smedds). Methods: Oil, Surfactant, and cosurfactant were selected by solubility screening study. For the determination of the best emulsion region, a pseudo ternary diagram was prepared. Based on solubility castor oil, tween 80 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was selected in which SCOSmix (a mixture of surfactant and cosurfactant) was 1:1. Thermodynamic stability study was performed for the determination of stable smedds formulation. These formulations were evaluated for self emulsification time, drug content analysis, robustness to dilution test, particle size analysis, and in vitro diffusion study. The optimized formulation was selected for formulating into solid-smedds by using aerosil 200 at a different ratio. SCF9L (0.65:1) was selected due to its good flow property. Then it was evaluated for particle size analysis, drug content study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction study (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Scanning Electron Microscopy study (SEM) analysis, and in vitro dissolution study. Results: DSC and XRD result shows that the drug within the formulation was in the amorphous state. From the SEM analysis, the texture of powder showed a uniform granular structure, and there was no incompatibility between drugs. Excipients was observed from ftir study. From the in vitro dissolution study, it improved the dissolution rate of nifedipine, which was 98.68% of drug release, where pure drug release only 6.75%.
Study of Molecular Interaction for Antibiotic Drug with Sugar Solutions at Different Temperature
Authors: Merza Sundus H. , Abood Nagham H. , Abbas Ahamed M.
Published: January 2021

The interactions of drug amoxicillin with maltose or galactose solutions with a variation of temperature have been discussed by taking in the volumetric and viscometric procedures. Physical properties [densities (ρ) and viscosities (η)] of amoxicillin (AMOX) aqueous solutions and aqueous solutions of two type saccharides (maltose and galactose 0.05m) have been measured at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The apparent molar volume (ϕv cm3mole-1) has been evaluated from density data and fitted to a Redlich-Mayer equation. The empirical parameters of the Mayer-Redlich equation and apparent molar volume at infinite dilution Ø°v were explicated in terms of interactions from type solute-solvent and solute–solute interactions. Transfer molar volume ΔtraØ°v for AMOX from water to aqueous maltose and galactose solutions were calculated to comprehend different interactions in the ternary solutions. Limiting apparent molar expansibility (Ø°E) and Hepler’s coefficient was also calculated to indicate the structure making ability of AMOX in the ternary solutions.
Jones–Dole coefficient B and A have been calculated from viscosity data by employing the Jones–Dole equation. The free energy of activation of viscous flow per mole of the solute (Δμ°2*) and solvent (Δμ°1*) have been explained on the basis of the Eyring and Feakins equation.
New Approach for Sulfadiazine Toxicity Management using Carboxymethyl Cellulose Grafted Acrylamide Hydrogel
Authors: Jasim Layth S. , Abdulsahib Waleed K. , Ganduh Safaa H. , Radia Nadher D.
Published: January 2021

Sulfadiazine (SZ), a small molecule sulfonamide that also named a 2-sulfanilamido-pyrimidine. SZ is an artificial bacteriostatic antibiotic through a widespread spectrum counter to numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Sulfonamide antibiotics frequently identified in the earthly and water environment, but little acknowledgment about abiotic deprivation of these antibiotics. The SZ adsorption from aqueous solution studied in the present experiment utilizing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) grafted acrylamide (AM) hydrogel as an adsorbent. Effect of time-related to equilibrium, salts, temperature, and pH value was accomplished using kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis accomplished for CMC-g-AM hydrogel before and after SZ adsorption. The study showed higher adsorption of the SZ on these hydrogels, and the degrees of SZ adsorption on the hydrogels decreased with increasing temperature (exothermic process). Adsorbed quantity of SZ on the surface was declined as the pH augmented. KCl’s influence on adsorption is more than that of NaCl, and the CaCO3 is more than of KCl. Spontaneous and feasible adsorption takes place, and adsorption of SZ on hydrogel fits well with the Freundlich model.
In silico and In vitro Evaluation of Some Synthesized Quinoline Derivatives into MexB Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Latif Abdalkader Saeed , Magtooph Majida G. , Alubadi Alia Essam Mahmood
Published: January 2021

Molecular docking performed to evaluate the effect of five quinoline derivatives on the MexB protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a potential inhibitor by utilizing the 3D structure of each quinoline compounds (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5), and the crystal structure of the protein, C4 showed the greatest potential with -31.4 kcal/mol binding energy, and the lowest potential was for C1 with (-18.5 kcal/mol) compared with ciprofloxacin. Fifty samples were collected from different sites from patients who are attending to the medical city of Baghdad and private Dhelal Beirut Center, Baghdad, 36 of the samples were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa by routine culture test and confirmed by VITEK2, and those isolates were subjected to the susceptibility test against carbapenems, carbenicillin, levofloxacin, and erythromycin by disc diffusion method. The isolates that showed resistance to all of four antibiotics were based to evaluate the activity of quinoline derivatives by using the agar well diffusion method, where compounds C4 and C5 showed the highest line of activity as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 256 μg/mL, meanwhile, C1 showed the lowest activity with MIC of 1,024 μg/mL.
Green Synthesis and Evaluation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Fig Leaves and their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Taha Jenan Hussien , Abbas Nada Khudair , Al-Attraqchi Azhar A. F.
Published: January 2021

In this article, a simple new technique for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using peroxidases oxidoreductases (POX) enzyme extracted from fig leaves for antifungal and antibacterial activities has been reported. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation of the structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized CuO NPs was elucidated, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electrodiagnostic (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis techniques. Specifically, the resultant nanoparticles are spherical with a diameter ranging from 28–68. CuO NPs were further tested for their antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus species, while the antibacterial activity was screened in contradiction of pathogenic bacterial strains namely gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Asinobacterial species. The present study reveals a convenient use of POX fig leaves extract as fuel, for the well-organized synthesis of CuO NPs via green synthesis technique to acquire considerably active antifungal and antibacterial materials.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Azithromycin using Oxidative Coupling Reaction
Authors: Abdulrahman Maadh T. , Rashid Ihab M. , Ali Nashwan H.
Published: January 2021

For determining the azithromycin (AZT) in medicinal and pure formulas, a simple spectrophotometric technique was developed. An approach suggested is dependent on an AZT’s oxidative coupling reaction by sodium period (SPI) and 4-amino antipyrine (AAP) producing a pink colored compound with optimum absorption of 480 nm. Different experimental parameters are extensively researched and mastered, which affects the stability of a colored product formed, then developed. The law of the Beer is obeyed over its concentration range 3 to 44 ppm, whereas the limit of detection and quantification is 0.1908 and 0.5726 ppm, respectively, for a connection factor (r) = 0.9998. Also calculated are the molar absorption of 8.23 × 103 L/mol.cm, and the sensitivity index for Sandell is 7 × 10-5 mg/cm2. A method’s accuracy and precision are tested by also determining a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 0.645 percent, and 100.189 percent average recovery. Practically possible external interferences about a calculation for AZT are checked in drug tablets. The results demonstrated that the procedure for determining AZT was successful in its application in pharmaceutical preparations. Comparing the literature survey that shows good sensitivity and selectivity, the reliability of the proposed method is chalked in.
Simultaneous Determination of Trace Mefenamic Acid in Pharmaceutical Samples via Flow Injection Fluorometry
Authors: Hammood Mohammad K. , Hamed Maryam
Published: January 2021

Mefenamic acid belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used widely for the treatment of analgesia. Our aim from this study is to establish a new assay for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid (MFA) in the pharmaceutical sample by two sensitive and rapid flow injection-fluorometric methods. A homemade fluorometer was used in fluorescence measurements, which using solid-state laser diode 405 and 532 nm as a source, combined with a continuous flow injection technique. The first method depends on the effect of MFA on calcein blue (CLB) fluorescence at 405 nm. Another method is a study of rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) fluorescence after adding MFA, and recording at 532 nm. Optimum parameters as fluorescent dye concentration, basic medium, flow rate, sample volume, purge time, and delay coil have been investigated. The dynamic range of MFA was 0.2 to 2 mmol.L-1; 0.5 to 2.3 mmol.L-1 with linearity percentage (% r2) 98.92 and 99.83%, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. Limit of detection at a minimum concentration in calibration curve 189.34 and 199.89 ng/sample, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. The comparison of developed methods with the classical method (UV-vis spectrophotometry) was achieved. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of MFA in the pharmaceutical samples and can be used as an alternative method.
Cloud Point Extraction for Pre-Concentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Silver Ions
Authors: Ghali Azhar A.
Published: January 2021

During the last years, the cloud point extraction was applied for determination, separation, and enrichment of the elements. The current study used cloud point extraction (CPE) for the extraction of Ag(I) ions pre-concentration from watery solutions by a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and chelating agent a 6-(4-bromo-phenylazo)m-anisidine[6-(4-BrPAA)], then estimation by using the spectrophotometry at 514 nm. Several condition effects on the efficiency of the cloud-point extraction included Triton X-114 concentration, [6-(4-BrPAA)] concentration, pH, time, and incubation temperature. The silver reacts with [6-(4-BrPAA)] to produce complex at a ratio of one to one. 0.009 to 1.5 μg mL-1 is the range of linearity. The detection limit and quantification of Ag(I) ion were 0.0054 and 0.0182 μg mL-1, respectively. The interference of the cations was examined. The cloud-point extraction was used for the evaluation of silver concentration in the water specimen.