bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment strategy for isolated bile leakage after hepatectomy: Literature review
Authors: Kubo Norio , Shirabe Ken
Published: December 2019

Isolated bile leakage (IBL) after hepatectomy is intractable, and various treatment methods for it have been reported. This review aimed to clarify the treatment strategy for IBL by summarizing studies on IBL after hepatectomy without extrahepatic bile duct resection. Thirty‐three cases of IBL were reported. The incidence of IBL is very low, accounting for 0.1%–1% of all hepatectomy cases. The risk factors for IBL are unclear; however, several reports mention that biliary anomaly is associated with a high risk of IBL, with preoperative and intraoperative confirmation of biliary tree anatomy being the most important preventive strategy. Treatment methods for IBL include liver resection, bilioenteric anastomosis, endoscopic treatment, bile duct ablation, percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE), transcatheter arterial embolization, and use of fibrin glue. The therapeutic methods should be chosen depending on remnant liver function, amount of bile leakage, and the liver volume causing the bile leakage. When there is bile leakage from less than one segment, non‐surgical treatment is recommended, whereas when there is bile leakage from one or more segments, surgical treatment can be recommended. Nevertheless, recently, non‐surgical treatment such as PTPE, PTPE with bile duct ablation, and endoscopic methods have been considered as effective treatment approaches.
Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticle using Origanum majorana L. leaf extract, its characterization and biological activities
Authors: Aseyd Nezhad Saynaz , Es‐haghi Ali , Tabrizi Masoud Homayouni
Published: December 2019

Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO‐NP) was synthesized using Origanum majorana L. leaf extract and characterized using particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of CeO‐NP in human breast carcinoma cells (MDA‐MB‐231 cell line) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as normal cells were evaluated. To determine the probable molecular mechanism of action of CeO‐NP on cellular redox and anti‐inflammatory potential, the expressions of antioxidant‐related genes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in HUVEC cell line were also analyzed. The results indicated that spherically shaped nanoparticles with a size of 10–70 nm bound to functional phenolic and flavonoids from O. majorana L. leaf extract. The green synthesized CeO‐NP showed antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The antioxidant activity was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a reference antioxidant. The obtained results elucidated that CeO‐NP possessed cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects of CeO‐NP were higher against MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells compared to HUVEC normal cells. In addition, this NP was capable to enhance the expression of CAT and SOD as main antioxidant‐related genes. Consequently, the higher cytotoxic effects of CeO‐NP against breast cancer compared to normal cells indicated the potential use of this NP as anti‐cancer agent. However, more research on its cytotoxicity against other cancer cells and mechanisms in which this NP exert its anti‐cancer properties should be performed.
PVDF/TiO2/graphene oxide composite nanofiber membranes serving as separators in lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Khassi Kajal , Youssefi Mostafa , Semnani Dariush
Published: December 2019

Improving the electrochemical properties of membranes in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is very important. Many attempts have been made to optimize ionic conductivity of membranes. The aim of this study was fabricating composite nanofiber membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles to use in LIBs as separators. The morphology, crystallinity, porosity, pore size, electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability of the membranes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. The electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity of the PVDF/TiO2/GO composite nanofiber membranes containing 2 wt % GO were 494% and 4.87 mS cm−1, respectively, which were higher than those of the other fabricated membranes as well as the commercial Celgard membrane. This could be attributed to the increased porosity, larger surface area, and higher amorphous regions of the PVDF/TiO2/GO composite nanofiber membranes as a result of the synergistic effects of the nanoparticles. In this work, suitable optimized membranes with greater electrochemical stability compared with the other membranes were presented. Also, it was demonstrated that the incorporation of the TiO2 and GO nanoparticles into the PVDF nanofiber membranes led to a porous structure where the electrolyte uptake enhanced. These properties made these membranes promising candidates for being used as separators in LIBs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48775.
Chondrocalcinosis of the Knee and the Risk of Osteoarthritis Progression: Data From the Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Long‐term Assessment Cohort
Authors: Latourte Augustin , Rat Anne‐Christine , Ngueyon Sime Willy , Ea Hang‐Korng , Bardin Thomas , Mazières Bernard , Roux Christian , Guillemin Francis , Richette Pascal
Published: December 2019

Objective

To assess the impact of knee chondrocalcinosis (CC) on the 5‐year risk of joint replacement and disease progression in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Patients with symptomatic knee OA without previous total joint (knee or hip) replacement (TJR) were recruited from the Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Long‐term Assessment cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression and generalized estimating equation models were used to compare the time from inclusion or OA diagnosis to total knee replacement (TKR) or TJR between patients with and those without knee CC at inclusion. In patients without incident TKR, logistic regression was performed to examine the association between CC and radiographic progression (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] grade) or worsening of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) subscores for OA pain or function between years 0 and 5. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, WOMAC subscores, and K/L grade.

Results

Among the 656 patients included, 93 (14.2%) had knee CC, and 91 (13.9%) underwent TKR during the follow‐up. Risk of TKR was not affected by the presence of knee CC (HR 1.26 [95% CI 0.74–2.17]). Similar results were obtained for the risk of incident TJR. For patients without incident TKR, knee CC did not affect the risk of worsening of K/L grade (odds ratio [OR] 0.9 [95% CI 0.4–1.7]), WOMAC pain subscore (OR 1.1 [95% CI 0.7–1.4]), or WOMAC function subscore (OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.4–2.0]).

Conclusion

In patients with symptomatic knee OA, the presence of knee CC did not affect the risk of arthroplasty or disease progression at 5 years.
Student–teacher closeness and conflict in students with and without special educational needs
Authors: Freire Sofia , Pipa Joana , Aguiar Cecília , Vaz da Silva Francisco , Moreira Sérgio
Published: December 2019

Teachers play a key role in creating effective conditions for students to succeed in school. The quality of student–teacher relationships is consistently associated with social, emotional, behavioural and academic adjustment, and this is even more relevant for students with special educational needs (SEN), considering these students’ emotional, social and learning vulnerabilities. This study aimed to examine the associations between students’ externalising and internalising behaviour, social skills and academic performance, and teachers’ perceptions of conflict and closeness in their relationships with students with and without SEN. Data regarding 360 students in Year 3, Year 5 and Year 7 (169 students with SEN) were collected. Teachers (n = 74) reported on the student–teacher relationship and students’ social skills, behaviour problems and academic performance. Special education teachers (n = 38) provided information regarding the diagnosis and profile of functioning of students with SEN. Results showed that teachers’ reports of students’ social skills and externalising problems were the strongest predictors of closeness and conflict. Internalising problems and SEN status also predicted decreased closeness, despite smaller effects. Taken together, findings support the importance of professional development opportunities focusing on facilitating teachers’ relationships with students with perceived challenging behaviour.
Artenschwund trotz Naturschutz
Authors: Gemeinholzer Birgit , Demant Laura , Dieterich Martin , Eser Uta , Farwig Nina , Geske Christian , Feldhaar Heike , Lauterbach Daniel , Reis Michael , Weisser Wolfgang , Werk Klaus
Published: December 2019

Rund 40 Prozent aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Pflanzen‐ und Tierarten (Insekten, Säugetiere, Fische, Vögel, Amphibien und Reptilien) sind gefährdet oder vom Aussterben bedroht, 3–4 Prozent gelten bereits als verschollen. Ein Vergleich mit anderen europäischen Ländern zeigt, dass die Gefährdungssituation in Deutschland auch aus internationaler Sicht sehr ernst zu nehmen ist. Um Naturschutz als Voraussetzung für eine global nachhaltige Entwicklung besser in der modernen Gesellschaft zu verankern, bedarf es (1.) eines Umdenkens und veränderten Handelns jedes Einzelnen durch Aufklärung, Kommunikation und Diskussion; (2.) einer Neuausrichtung der Politik und der vorhandenen Förderinstrumente; (3.) einer Stärkung von Biodiversitäts‐ und Naturschutzbelangen in und durch Hochschulen und Universitäten, sowie (4.) Naturschutzinvestitionen, um die Natur als Lebensgrundlage des Menschen (ökosystemische Dienstleistungen), sowie aufgrund ihres Eigenwertes zu erhalten. Naturschutz muss sich auch wirtschaftlich stärker lohnen, nicht nur für Landwirte, sondern jegliche naturschutzkonforme Landnutzung und die damit erbrachte naturschutzfachliche Leistung sollte honoriert werden. Damit die eigentlich gesetzten und klar definierten Ziele erreicht werden können, prognostiziert die Bund/Länder‐Arbeitsgemeinschaft Naturschutz, Landschaftspflege und Erholung (LANA), dass unter den derzeitigen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland mindestens 1,4 Mrd. Euro zusätzlich jährlich benötigt werden, was etwa 17 Euro pro Einwohner und Jahr entsprechen würde. Dieser vergleichsweise geringe Betrag würde mehr als eine Verdoppelung des in Deutschland verfügbaren Budgets zur Förderung der Biodiversität entsprechen.
Die Wälder der Antarktis
Authors: Zacher Katharina , Bischof Kai , Wiencke Christian
Published: December 2019

Die Antarktis ist ein Kontinent der Extreme, der den dort lebenden Organismen einiges an Anpassungen abfordert. Antarktische Makroalgen, als wichtiger Bestandteil der Küstenökosysteme des Südpolarmeers, haben ihren Metabolismus an dauerhafte Kälte und lange Dunkelperioden adaptiert. Durch die lange Kaltwasserhistorie und die Abgeschiedenheit des Kontinents entwickelten sich in der Antarktis besonders viele endemische Arten. Makroalgen sind wichtige Primärproduzenten in der Antarktis und dienen vielen Organismen als Nahrung. Ihre genauere Erforschung begann relativ spät und ist noch lange nicht abgeschlossen. Der Klimawandel ist auch in der Antarktis zu spüren und birgt Gefahren für das empfindliche Ökosystem. Die erhöhte UV‐Strahlung kann z. B. zu Veränderungen der Tiefenzonierung sowie Temperaturerhöhungen zu Veränderungen der geographischen Verbreitung einzelner Makroalgenarten führen.
LncRNA NEAT1 knockdown attenuates autophagy to elevate 5‐FU sensitivity in colorectal cancer via targeting miR‐34a
Authors: Liu Fen , Ai Fei‐Yan , Zhang De‐Cai , Tian Li , Yang Zhen‐Yun , Liu Shao‐Jun
Published: December 2019

Backgrounds

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common malignant tumor. Increasing evidences indicated that CRC showed a resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and further resulted in a poor prognosis. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (LncRNA NEAT1) on cell viability, sensitivity to 5‐FU, and autophagy of CRC cell lines.

Methods

MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐Htetrazolium bromide) was used to detect cell viability, immunofluorescent staining was used to detect autophagy puncta, and luciferase reporter system was used to determine binding ability between miR‐34a and NEAT1 or putative targets. Additionally, indicated mRNAs and protein expressions were determined by qRT‐PCR or western blotting, respectively.

Results

We found that NEAT1 expression was increased in CRC tissues and cells, which showed a negative correlation with miR‐34a expression. In addition, NEAT1 knockdown noticeably inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and enhanced 5‐FU sensitivity. It revealed that NEAT1 knockdown suppressed the LC3 puncta and the expressions of Beclin‐1, ULK1, and ratio of LC3II/I. Overexpression of miR‐34a showed similar trends with NEAT1 knockdown. miR‐34a was validated to target the putative binding sites in 3′‐UTR of HMGB1, ATG9A, and ATG4B, which are involved in the activation of autophagy. Inhibition of miR‐34a or overexpression of HMGB1 could effectively reverse elevated 5‐FU sensitivity upon NEAT1 knockdown. In addition, 3‐MA reversed NEAT1 overexpression‐induced resistance in HT29 cells.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that LncRNA NEAT1 could target miR‐34a and promote autophagy to facilitate 5‐FU chemoresistance in CRC.
Failure to launch: Obstacles to developing a graduate executive leadership degree in a competency‐based education format
Authors: Takamine Kurt
Published: December 2019

Competency‐based education (CBE) is an approach that evaluates the mastery of learning from a performance basis, rather than aseat‐timebasis. A CBE learner can capitalize on his or her experience from educational settings, work environments, or avocational background to demonstrate proficiency through prescribed academic and industrial outcomes. Utilizing a case study approach, this paper explores the obstacles to implement a graduate executive leadership CBE program at a faith‐based, adult‐learner institution in California. Budget implications, psychometric structures, assessment protocols, and competency identification are evaluated and described. In particular, this disruptive innovation highlights the topics of senior‐level support, infrastructural investment, and faculty and staff involvement.
Effectiveness of high flow‐volume intermittent hemodiafiltration during and after intervention to prevent contrast‐induced nephropathy in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: A pilot study
Authors: Oyamada Naofumi , Hamanaka Ichiro , Fujioka Ayumu , Iwasaku Toshihiro , Minami Takeya , Fujie Hiroaki , Ueda Kinzo
Published: December 2019

Objectives

We analyzed the effect of high flow‐volume intermittent hemodiafiltration (HF‐IHDF) on patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing procedures requiring administration of contrast medium.

Background

There is no effective method for preventing contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN), especially in patients with advanced CKD. We established HF‐IHDF as a renal protective therapy with a filtration flow rate up to 5 times greater than standard continuous HDF. In this study, we tested whether HF‐IHDF could prevent CIN in patients with advanced CKD more effectively than saline hydration only.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of CIN and clinical outcomes up to 1 year after performance of a procedure in 76 patients with advanced CKD. HF‐IHDF was performed from just before the procedure until 2.5 hr after it. Hydration with 0.9% saline was also administered.

Results

The incidence of CIN was significantly lower in the HF‐IHDF group than the saline group 2–3 days (0%, 0/76 patients vs. 9.3%, 5/54 patients; p < .05) and 1 month (3.9%, 3/76 patients vs. 14.8%, 8/54 patients; p < .05) after intervention. No difference between the two groups was detected in the proportion of patients requiring permanent hemodialysis within 1 year after intervention or the 1 year mortality rate. However, the number of patients free from progression of renal dysfunction after 1 year of follow‐up was significantly higher in the HF‐IHDF group (86.8%, 66/76 patients vs. 64.8%, 35/54 patients; p < .01).

Conclusions

HF‐IHDF during and after interventional procedure requiring administration of contrast medium may prevent CIN in patients with advanced CKD.
Numerical analysis of chemical reaction processes in different anode attachments of a high‐intensity argon arc
Authors: Sun Su‐Rong , Wang Hai‐Xing , Zhu Tao
Published: December 2019

The attachment mode of arc on anode is closely related to the non‐equilibrium chemical kinetics process of the anode region of arc. In this paper, the detailed chemical reaction mechanisms in the flow‐affected region for both diffuse and constricted argon arc attachments are investigated by means of one‐dimensional discharge coupled with a single‐fluid, two‐temperature model. The collisional‐radiative model is used to examine the chemical reaction processes occurring in the anode region, including the arc centreline and fringe region. The numerical results are validated by comparison with available experimental data. The obtained radial distributions of electron temperature, electron density, excited states densities, ionization, and recombination processes reveal that different mechanisms dominate the diffuse and constricted arc‐anode attachments.
The chameleon of cardiology: cardiac sarcoidosis before and after heart transplantation
Authors: Sedaghat‐Hamedani Farbod , Kayvanpour Elham , Hamed Sonja , Frankenstein Lutz , Riffel Johannes , Gi Weng‐Tein , Amr Ali , Shirvani Samani Omid , Haas Jan , Miersch Tobias , Herpel Esther , Kreusser Michael M. , Ehlermann Philipp , Katus Hugo A. , Meder Benjamin
Published: December 2019

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a large spectrum of symptoms that can mimic diseases such as dilated, hypertrophic, or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. It can be asymptomatic but can also present with ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disease, and heart failure (HF) or even sudden cardiac death (SCD). We present here the case of a patient transplanted due to end‐stage arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), fulfilling the task force criteria. A few years after successful heart transplantation (HTX), the patient developed similar symptoms and morphofunctional changes of the heart, which led to critical re‐evaluation of his primary diagnosis.
Modulation of the humoral immune response by constitutively active STAT6 expression in murine B cells
Authors: Haase Paul , Mokada‐Gopal Lavanya , Radtke Daniel , Voehringer David
Published: December 2019

The transcription factor STAT6 regulates gene expression in response to IL‐4 and IL‐13. To further investigate how activated STAT6 modulates B cells development and function in vivo, we characterized mice that express a constitutively active version specifically in B cells. CD19Cre_STAT6vt mice show spontaneous phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6 in B cells. About 80 genes were more than twofold up‐ or downregulated in splenic B cells from CD19Cre_STAT6vt as compared to control mice. B cell development, tissue localization, and populations of follicular and marginal zone B cells, B1 B cells, GC B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) appeared to be normal. However, the number of IgE+ and IgG1+ GC B cells and PCs as well as serum IgE and IgG1 levels were increased in CD19Cre_STAT6vt mice. Infection with Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus associated with high levels of TNF and IFN‐γ did not prevent the development of a significantly increased IgE and IgG1 response against the virus in CD19Cre_STAT6vt mice. These results suggest that prolonged STAT6 activation during chronic allergic inflammation may result in IgE responses during subsequent viral or bacterial infection that could further stimulate mast cell activation even in the absence of the initial allergic response.
A New Chemometric Strategy in Electrochemical Method Optimization for the Quantification of Cefdinir in Tablets, Effervescent Tablets and Suspension Samples
Authors: Dinç Erdal , Dermiş Saadet , Can Akcasoy Seda , Ceren Ertekin Zehra
Published: December 2019

A new voltammetric method, based on the use of single‐use pencil graphite electrode, was developed for the quantitative determination of cefdinir by square wave voltammetry. Chemometric optimization strategy was used to select the suitable values for three experimental parameters (pH of the supporting electrolyte, frequency and square wave amplitude) by applying a 33 full factorial design model. The optimal voltammetric conditions were found to be pH 5.0 for supporting electrolyte (Britton‐Robinson buffer), 43 mV for square wave amplitude and 108 Hz for frequency. Square wave voltammograms of calibration, validation and unknown samples were recorded between 0.0–1400 mV under the optimized voltammetric conditions. Linear regression equation was computed in the linear working range of 0.5–20 μg/mL by using the relationship between the concentration and peak current at 600 mV. The optimized voltammetric method was validated by assessing the analysis results of validation samples. Then the proposed method was applied for the quantitative determination of cefdinir in three different pharmaceutical preparations, namely film‐coated tablets, effervescent tablets and powder for oral suspension. It was concluded that the proposed voltammetric method was suitable for the quantitative analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations containing cefdinir.
New approaches to determine the interface height of fire smoke based on a three‐layer zone model and its verification in large confined space
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Zhiyang , Lin Yifan , Fu Ming , Chen Yue
Published: December 2019

Large confined space has high incidence of fires, which seriously threatens the safety of people working there. Understanding the distribution of smoke in such large space is critical to fire development prediction and smoke control. Three improved methods for the stratification interface prediction of fire smoke are developed, including of improved intra‐variance, integral ratio and N‐percentage methods. In these methods, the interface height is determined by the vertical temperature distribution based on a three‐layer smoke zone model, which is an improvement of a two‐layer zone model. Thereafter, the three improved methods are applied to several typical fire cases simulated CFD to predict the smoke interface, and their applicability and reliability are verified by comparison of the smoke stratification results with the filed simulation results. Results show that the three improved methods can effectively determine the location of the three‐layer zone model's interface, and they have the ability to predict smoke interface for fires with different fire source types and ventilation conditions.
Characterizing complex flows using adaptive sparse dynamic mode decomposition with error approximation
Authors: Lai Xuefang , Wang Xiaolong , Nie Yufeng , Li Qian
Published: December 2019

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a powerful data‐driven method for analyzing the coherent structures of dynamical systems. This work develops an adaptive sparse DMD with error approximation for the sparse reconstruction of complex flow fields. First, we propose a new sparse DMD model by redefining the penalty function, where adaptive weights are assigned to penalize different DMD modes. With the adaptive weights, the sparse DMD model is more capable of extracting important DMD modes and discarding unimportant ones. Second, we develop a novel error prediction model for the proposed sparse DMD. The key idea is to construct a multiple regression model between the sparse model and its error by employing the partial least squares regression. The error of the sparse DMD model can be reduced by integrating the error prediction model. Finally, we assess the proposed method by means of test cases, including a nonlinear parameterized function, a cylinder bundle flow, and the transient state of square cylinder flow. The results show that the proposed method can be used to capture the dominant modes and substantially increase the accuracy of flow reconstruction.
Investigating the effect of chitosan, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of button mushroom during storage
Authors: Gholami Rashid , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Ahmadi Shervin
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to increase the shelf life and improve the quality of the white button mushroom. Uncoated and coated button mushrooms were stacked in three types of packages (normal, nano, and nano + MAP). The atmosphere inside the nano + MAP packages contained 10% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide. The physical, chemical, mechanical properties and the evolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packages were investigated. The results showed that the triple interaction had significant effect (at 1% and 5% levels) on physical, mechanical properties and gas composition. The use of nanofilm (due to the low permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide), as well as the modification of atmosphere had a positive effect on the control of mushroom respiration rate and the improvement in its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.
Evaluation of Graphene Nanoplatelets as a Microporous Layer Material for PEMFC: Performance and Durability Analysis
Authors: Mariani M. , Latorrata S. , Gallo Stampino P. , Dotelli G.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the effect of different carbonaceous phases in microporous layers (MPLs) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is reported. A conventional ink with carbon black (CB) powder and an innovative one featuring graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) have been produced and used to coat carbon cloth gas diffusion layers (GDLs). Morphological and electrical properties of these samples have been assessed and then compared to determine which characteristics contribute to a possible enhancement of the fuel cell performance. Static contact angle measurements have revealed a similar hydrophobic character for both samples. Through‐plane water permeability and porosity of the samples have been correlated to the optimal working temperature: GNPs‐based MPLs provide the best performance in dry condition (T = 80 °C, RH = 60%), while CB‐based samples work better in more humid conditions. Instead, the electrical conductivity of the samples have not displayed a strong influence on the polarization curve of the cell. In addition, an ex situ mechanical accelerated stress test (AST) has been performed on both samples to assess their durability and understand which factors could lengthen their lifetime. GNPs‐based samples resisted better under the harsh conditions imposed during the AST and a possible optimization of this ink composition is proposed for future development.
DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES TO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE LOWER KUBAN TO ENSURE WATER USER REQUIREMENTS IN LOW‐WATER YEARS†
Authors: Buber A.L. , Bondarik I.G. , Buber A.A.
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The Lower Kuban River Basin experiences an acute shortage of water resources during the growing season. Every third year is a low‐water period. The complex layout of rice irrigation systems requires reliable forecasting and skilful management. This article presents the results and methodology for determining the optimal operational modes of the Lower Kuban irrigation and drainage systems based on multi‐criteria analyses and trade‐off theory that ensure the reliable functioning of the water resource system taking into account contradictory requirements of water users and restrictions aimed at preserving the Kuban River Basin ecosystem.

The methodology is based on multi‐criteria analysis and hydrodynamic modelling with the application of the ‘operating structures' module, which, according to a given hierarchy of priorities, allows the water users to fulfil the requirements for discharges and water levels during the determined time period at water intake sites and outlets within the river network. The developed computational technology allows a reasonable compromise to be reached in the process of negotiations between water users and water basin authorities. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus medication errors in a community hospital following the implementation of a pharmacist‐led antiretroviral stewardship program
Authors: Bunn Haden T. , Hester E. Kelly , Maldonado Ricardo A. , Childress Darrell
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Combination antiretroviral therapy has greatly improved survivability in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH); however, medication‐related problems can attenuate virologic suppression and lead to therapeutic failure and drug resistance. The prevalence of antiretroviral (ARV) medication errors in hospitalized PLWH is highly variable, but it is clear that the potential for errors increases with the transition to inpatient care. Pharmacist‐led ARV stewardship programs in large, academic institutions have demonstrated reductions in ARV errors during hospitalizations, but the feasibility of such programs in smaller, community hospitals in the Deep South remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective quasi‐experimental study of non‐pregnant, adult PLWH admitted to a community hospital between 2014 and 2018. The primary objective was to compare the percentage of admissions associated with a composite of ARV medication errors (inappropriate regimens, inaccurate dosing, delayed dosing, and major drug‐drug interactions [DDIs]) before and after implementation of an ARV stewardship program.

Results

The percentage of admissions associated with the primary composite of ARV medication errors decreased by 70% between the pre‐intervention (56 [70%] of 80 admissions) and post‐intervention period (13 [21.3%] of 61 admissions). The percentage of admissions associated with inappropriate ART regimens, major DDIs, and multiple ARV errors all decreased by more than 80%. There was no significant difference in the percentage of admissions associated with renal, non‐renal, or delayed dosing errors despite an overall decrease in error frequency.

Discussion

A significant reduction in ARV medication error rates comparable to those reported in similar studies conducted at large, academic institutions was observed. The impact of this innovative pharmacist‐led ARV stewardship program provides additional evidence of the effectiveness of such programs in community hospitals with modest personnel resources.
Role of the N‐Terminal Transmembrane Helix Contacts in the Activation of FGFR3
Authors: Matsuoka Daisuke , Kamiya Motoshi , Sato Takeshi , Sugita Yuji
Published: December 2019

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a member of receptor tyrosine kinases, which is involved in skeletal cell growth, differentiation, and migration. FGFR3 transduces biochemical signals from the extracellular ligand‐binding domain to the intracellular kinase domain through the conformational changes of the transmembrane (TM) helix dimer. Here, we apply generalized replica exchange with solute tempering method to wild type (WT) and G380R mutant (G380R) of FGFR3. The dimer interface in G380R is different from WT and the simulation results are in good agreement with the solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TM helices in G380R are extended more than WT, and thereby, G375 in G380R contacts near the N‐termini of the TM helix dimer. Considering that both G380R and G375C show the constitutive activation, the formation of the N‐terminal contacts of the TM helices can be generally important for the activation mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced titanium dioxide photocatalyst embolized on micropores silicon wafer: an experimental approach
Authors: Basheer Esmail AM , Abdulbari Hayder A , Mahmood Wafaa K
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

The wide bandgap and low activity under visible light of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have limited its use in many industrial processes. This limitation is associated with the inadequate solar spectrum that activates its surface, where most of the photoexcited electron–hole pairs recombine thus, leading to a drop in the photocatalytic performance. Immobilization of TiO2 on the surface of other materials such as silicon is a suitable approach to overcome these drawbacks. However, the known immobilization methods require either high‐temperature or high‐pressure conditions. The objective of the present work is to introduce and evaluate a low power‐consumption electrodeposition method for creating a new photocatalyst that can act in visible light using electrochemical anodization for immobilizing the TiO2 on a silicon wafer surface. Two methods were utilized for immobilization which is electrodeposition and sol–gel. The prepared photocatalyst surface and composition were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

RESULTS

The laser‐aided electrodeposition method created a unique porous silicon surface after the itching process, where the TiO2 was successfully immobilized on the silicon surface. The resulting SEM images confirmed the formation of three‐dimensional (3D)‐like structures on the silicon surface that resulted in a higher light absorption efficiency. The methylene blue degradation rate was higher by 60% using the 3D structured surface when compared with that prepared by the sol–gel method.

CONCLUSION

Unique microstructures were created on the silicon surface by the laser‐aided electrodeposition method that enables photocatalysis in visible light. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Translation of Evidence Into Practice With Teduglutide in the Management of Adults With Intestinal Failure due to Short‐Bowel Syndrome: A Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Pironi Loris
Published: December 2019

Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) due to short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by failure to achieve optimal intestinal adaptation required to maintain oral/enteral autonomy. The conventional management strategy relies heavily on home parenteral support (PS; parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluids). Teduglutide, an analog of the hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐2, facilitates intestinal adaptation, as evidenced by reductions in PS volume in patients with SBS‐associated CIF. In 2016, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) developed guidelines for the management of adult patients with CIF, consisting of a comprehensive list of recommendations. Owing to the limited number of studies at the time of the finalization of the GRADE‐method review of the available literature, teduglutide received a moderate grade of evidence (GOE) as the first choice for growth‐factor treatment in patients with SBS‐CIF. The GOE was also low for 7 points of recommended information to be discussed with the candidate patients. This review summarizes findings from recent studies that fill some gaps identified in the 2016 ESPEN guidelines regarding the use of teduglutide in the management of SBS‐CIF. Collectively, these studies provide useful information about the probability and timing of clinical response in the individual patient. Also, recent studies report longer‐term safety findings with teduglutide. These results can help physicians better manage patients with SBS‐CIF by aligning clinical decision making with specific disease characteristics, setting the right expectations, and encouraging treatment adherence.
NMR spectroscopy: a powerful tool for the analysis of polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Olmo‐Cunillera Alexandra , López‐Yerena Anallely , Lozano‐Castellón Julián , Tresserra‐Rimbau Anna , Vallverdú‐Queralt Anna , Pérez Maria
Published: December 2019

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a key component of the Mediterranean diet, has aroused interest in recent years due to its health properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an appropriate tool for the accurate quantification of minor compounds in complex food matrices, such as polyphenols in olive oil. Flavonoids, lignans, secoiridoids and phenolic acids and alcohols in EVOO have been identified and quantified by NMR. This review provides an overview of the major developments in the structural elucidation of polyphenol compounds in EVOO. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stable isotope signatures (δ2H‐, δ13C‐, δ15N‐values) of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from different regions in Germany
Authors: Krauß Stephanie , Vieweg Annika , Vetter Walter
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are considered of high value for human nutrition and are cultivated worldwide. With globalization, however, the demand for regional products has increased. Isotopic fingerprints (δ2H‐, δ15N‐ and δ13C‐values (‰)) created by means of stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry provide the possibility of tracing the geographical provenance of plant foods.

RESULTS

Authentic walnut samples from different geographical regions in Germany could be separated from each other by means of their bulk δ2H‐values (‰) with samples from northern regions being more enriched in 2H than samples collected from southern Germany. Next to precipitation data, the topography of the surrounding landscape of the sampling sites was taken into account for data interpretation by the creation of approximate elevation profiles. Moreover, German walnuts could be separated from French walnuts which showed significantly higher δ2H‐values (‰). Variations in annual total precipitation was reflected by the shift in δ2H‐ranges (‰) depending on the harvesting year. Additionally, organic walnuts could be well separated from conventionally produced walnuts due to their distinct δ15N‐values (‰) which could be ascribed to a cultivation practice common for organic farming.

CONCLUSIONS

The data presented here outlined the potential of determining isotopic fingerprints of walnuts from different sites within one country for tracing their regional origin and revealing their cultivation conditions. Including topographic characteristics between the sampling locations as well as precipitation data helped to even differentiate walnuts from two adjoining countries. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Potential authentication of various meat‐based products using simple and efficient DNA extraction method
Authors: Khairil Mokhtar Nur Fadhilah , El Sheikha Aly Farag , Azmi Nur Izzah , Mustafa Shuhaimi
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

The growth of halal food consumption worldwide has resulted in an increase in the request for halal authentication. DNA‐based detection using powerful real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been shown to be highly specific and sensitive authentication tool. The efficient DNA extraction method in terms of quality and quantity is a backbone step to obtain successful real‐time PCR assays. In this study, different DNA extraction methods using three lysis buffers were evaluated and developed to recommend a much more efficient method as well as achieve a successful detection using real‐time PCR.

RESULTS

The lysis buffer 2 (LB2) has been shown to be the best lysis buffer for DNA extraction from both raw and processed meat samples comparing to other lysis buffers tested. Hence, the LB2 has been found to be ideal to detect meat and porcine DNAs by real‐time PCR using pairs of porcine specific primers and universal primers which amplified at 119 bp fragment and 93 bp fragment, respectively. This assay allows detection as low as 0.0001 ng of DNA. Higher efficiency and sensitivity of real‐time PCR via a simplified DNA extraction method using LB2 have been observed, as well as a reproducible and high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9979) based on the regression analysis of the standard curve have been obtained.

CONCLUSION

This study has established a fast, simple, inexpensive and efficient DNA extraction method that is feasible for raw and processed meat products. This extraction technique allows an accurate DNA detection by real‐time PCR and can also be implemented to assist the halal authentication of various meat‐based products available in the market. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
3D Network Binder via In Situ Cross‐Linking on Silicon Anodes with Improved Stability for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Chen Gen , Lin Yifan , Chen Fashen , Chen Long , Zhang Ning , Cao Yijun , Ma Renzhi , Liu Xiaohe
Published: December 2019

Silicon (Si) has attracted intensive academic and commercial attention due to its extremely high theoretical capacity. However, it is still far away from practical application because of its fast capacity fading, which is caused by the huge volume change. Here, a novel network polymer binder is synthesized through in situ thermal crosslinking of water‐soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and maleic anhydride (MAH). The as‐obtained polymer binder network can effectively restrict the huge volume change of Si anodes upon lithiation. Because of the significantly enhanced structural stability, the Si anodes with network polymer binder deliver enhanced electrochemical performance, with a capacity of 996 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 1 A g−1 after 120 cycles under high mass loading. Most importantly, a high average Coulomb efficiency (CE) of 99.4% is obtained, which is superior over the average CE (98.7%) of Si only using CMC as binder. It is considered that this novel 3D network cross‐linking binder can be used for high‐capacity anode materials in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Extending the choice of starting points for Newton's method
Authors: Argyros Ioannis Konstantinos , Ezquerro José Antonio , Hernández‐Verón Miguel Ángel , Kim Young Ik , Magreñán Ángel Alberto
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we propose a center Lipschitz condition for the second derivative together with the use of restricted domains in order to improve the starting points for Newton's method when compared with previous results. Moreover, we present some numerical examples validating the theoretical results.
An inline waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition for wideband millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Li Cun Long , Jin Cheng , Ma Han Qing , Shi Xiao Wei
Published: December 2019

A low‐cost wide Ka‐band inline waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition is proposed, which facilities the integration of planar transmission lines with waveguide structures. By employing a circular patch above a wedge‐shaped cavity, the quasi‐TEM mode wave in the microstrip line can be transformed into the TE10 mode wave in the rectangular waveguide. A transition prototype in a back‐to‐back configuration is manufactured and experimentally tested. Measured results show that the return loss is greater than 13 dB from 28 to 38 GHz and the insertion loss remains less than 0.4 dB for the proposed single‐side transition. With the features of wideband, compact structure and easy integration, the proposed transition can be applied in the low‐loss and high‐integration millimeter‐wave systems.
Enhanced Nucleation and Crystallization in PLA/CNT Composites via Disperse Orange 3 with Corresponding Improvement in Nanomechanical Properties
Authors: Vu Thevu , Nikaeen Peyman , Akobi Moulero , Depan Dilip , Chirdon William
Published: December 2019

The potential for the material property improvement through the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in composite materials is often limited due to CNT agglomeration. In this work, Disperse Orange 3 (DO3) was investigated to determine its effectiveness in dispersing CNTs in a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. First, adsorption studies of DO3 onto CNTs were performed to determine the appropriate amount of DO3 to add so that the CNT surface will be nearly saturated with DO3 while limiting the excess DO3 dissolved in the polymer. The resultant improvements in the mechanical properties were determined via nanoindentation. Highly stable dispersion of CNTs in tetrahydrofuran with DO3 was observed 72 hours after sonication. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that DO3‐functionalized CNTs were able to separate and disperse well inside of the PLA matrix. Addition of DO3 to the nanocomposite resulted in an increase in the glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the composite due to the more effective dispersion of the nanofiller which serves as a nucleation agent. The CNTs treated with DO3 also increased the elastic modulus and hardness of the composite compared to neat PLA and untreated PLA‐CNT composites. From this study, DO3 was demonstrated to be an effective dispersing agent in the solvent and the PLA matrix which allowed for enhanced crystallization and improved nanomechanical properties in the resultant composite.
Metabolomic profiling in neuroblastoma
Authors: Quintás Guillermo , Yáñez Yania , Gargallo Pablo , Juan Ribelles Antonio , Cañete Adela , Castel Victoria , Segura Vanessa
Published: December 2019

Background and objectives

Previous studies on several cancer types show that metabolomics provides a potentially useful noninvasive screening approach for outcome prediction and accurate response to treatment assessment. Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for at least 15% of cancer‐related deaths in children. Although current risk‐based treatment approaches in NB have resulted in improved outcome, survival for high‐risk patients remains poor. This study aims to evaluate the use of metabolomics for improving patients’ risk‐group stratification and outcome prediction in NB.

Design and methods

Plasma samples from 110 patients with NB were collected at diagnosis prior to starting therapy and at the end of treatment if available. Metabolomic analysis of samples was carried out by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS).

Results

The metabolomic analysis was able to identify different plasma metabolic profiles in high‐risk and low‐risk NB patients at diagnosis. The metabolic model correctly classified 16 high‐risk and 15 low‐risk samples in an external validation set providing 84.2% sensitivity (60.4‐96.6, 95% CI) and 93.7% specificity (69.8‐99.8, 95% CI). Metabolomic profiling could also discriminate high‐risk patients with active disease from those in remission. Notably, a plasma metabolomic signature at diagnosis identified a subset of high‐risk NB patients who progressed during treatment.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest NB study investigating the prognostic power of plasma metabolomics. Our results support the potential of metabolomic profiling for improving NB risk‐group stratification and outcome prediction. Additional validating studies with a large cohort are needed.