bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pushout Invariance Revisited
Authors: Hager Anthony W. , Martínez Jorge
Published: July 2016

With modest standing assumptions on a category C, it is shown that a Galois connection exists between subclasses of C-objects (on the one hand) and classes of epimorphisms of C (on the other). In this connection the following classes are in a one-to-one correspondence, which reverses inclusion: the epireflective classes of C-objects with the classes ε of epimorphisms which are pushout invariant, in the sense that, for each pushout diagram

in which e ∈ ε, then it follows that n ∈ ε. The paper then examines some of the consequences of this result, and in so doing “revisits” the pushout invariance of the authors as it was discussed in a paper of some fifteen years ago.
Radius, Diameter and the Degree Sequence of a Graph
Authors: Mazorodze Jaya Percival , Mukwembi Simon
Published: July 2016

We give asymptotically sharp upper bounds on the radius and diameter of

(i) a connected graph,

(ii) a connected triangle-free graph,

(iii) a connected C4-free graph of given order, minimum degree, and maximum degree.

We also give better bounds on the radius and diameter for triangle-free graphs with a given order, minimum degree and a given number of distinct terms in the degree sequence of the graph. Our results improve on old classical theorems by Erd˝os, Pach, Pollack and Tuza [Radius, diameter, and minimum degree, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 47 (1989), 73-79] on radius, diameter and minimum degree.
Characterization of the Set of Regular Elements in Ordered Semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi , Tsingelis Michael
Published: July 2016

We characterize the set of regular elements of an ordered semigroup S which is a left (right) ideal, an ideal, a bi-ideal or a quasi-ideal of S using the left (resp. right) ideal

and the quasi-ideal LE(S)∩RE(S) of S, where E(S) is the set of elements of S for which e ≤ e2. Illustrative example is given.
A Result Concerning Additive Mappings in Semiprime Rings
Authors: Fos̆ner Maja
Published: July 2016

In this paper we prove the following result. Let R be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring and let f : R → R be an additive mapping satisfying the relation f(x)x2 + x2f(x) = 0 for all x ∈ R. In this case f = 0. Any semisimple Banach algebra (for example, C* algebra) is semiprime. Therefore this algebraic result might be of some interest from functional analysis point of view.
On Booth Lemniscate and Hadamard Product of Analytic Functions
Authors: Piejko Krzysztof , Sokół Janusz
Published: July 2016

In [RUSCHEWEYH, S.-SHEIL-SMALL, T.: Hadamard product of schlicht functions and the Poyla-Schoenberg conjecture, Comment. Math. Helv. 48 (1973), 119-135] the authors proved the P`olya-Schoenberg conjecture that the class of convex univalent functions is preserved under convolution, namely K ∗ K = K. They proved also that the class of starlike functions and the class of close-to-convex functions are closed under convolution with the class K. In this paper we consider similar convolution problems for some classes of functions. Especially we give a new applications of a result [SOKÓŁ, J.: Convolution and subordination in the convex hull of convex mappings, Appl. Math. Lett. 19 (2006), 303-306] on the subordinating relations in the convex hull of convex mappings under convolution. The paper deals with several ideas and techniques used in geometric function theory. Besides being an application to those results it provides interesting corollaries concerning special functions, regions and curves.
Recursion Formulas for Srivastava Hypergeometric Functions
Authors: Şahin Recep
Published: July 2016

Recently, Opps, Saad and Srivastava have given the recursion formulas of Appell’s function F2 by the contiguous relation of the Gauss hypergeometric series 2F1. Then, Wang has presented various recursion formulas for F1, F2, F3 and F4 Appell’s hypergeometric functions. The aim of this paper is to present various recursion formulas for Srivastava hypergeometric functions by the contiguous relations of hypergeometric series.
The Interior Euler-Lagrange Operator in Field Theory
Authors: Volná Jana , Urban Zbynĕk
Published: July 2016

The paper is devoted to the interior Euler-Lagrange operator in field theory, representing an important tool for constructing the variational sequence. We give a new invariant definition of this operator by means of a natural decomposition of spaces of differential forms, appearing in the sequence, which defines its basic properties. Our definition extends the well-known cases of the Euler-Lagrange class (Euler-Lagrange form) and the Helmholtz class (Helmholtz form). This linear operator has the property of a projector, and its kernel consists of contact forms. The result generalizes an analogous theorem valid for variational sequences over 1-dimensional manifolds and completes the known heuristic expressions by explicit characterizations and proofs.
On Selections of Set-Valued Maps Satisfying Some Inclusions in a Single Variable
Authors: Piszczek Magdalena
Published: July 2016

We present the results on the stability of some set-valued functional equations with applications to the gamma-type equations or linear equations.
On Iλ-Statistical Convergence in Locally Solid Riesz Spaces
Authors: Das Pratulananda , Savas Ekrem
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we extend some results concerning statistical convergence in locally solid Riesz spaces by introducing a more general idea of convergence, namely Iλ-statistical convergence. We investigate the ideas of Iλ-statistical-τ-convergence, Iλ-statistical-τ-boundedness and Iλ-statistical-τ-Cauchy condition of sequences in a locally solid Riesz space endowed with a topology τ and investigate some of their consequences.
Convexity in the Khalimsky Plane
Authors: Bouassida Ezzeddine , Gargouri Riyadh , Messaoud Rim
Published: July 2016

Let ℤ2 be equipped with the Khalimsky topology κ, it is a T0-Alexandroff topology which has some specific properties concerning continuity and connectivity. We define digital-arcs and the geodesics; this enables us to define D-convexity on the digital plane (ℤ2, κ). First, we prove a theorem dealing with the relationship between D-convexity and connectivity. The second result links together the convexity in ℝ2 and the D-convexity in ℤ2. For this purpose, we suggest the continuous digitization of the real line segment and thus prove that the digitization of a convex subset of ℝ2 is a D-convex subset of (ℤ2, κ).
Precise Rates in the Law of Iterated Logarithm for the Moment Convergence of φ-Mixing Sequences
Authors: Xiao Xiao-Yong , Yin Hong-Wei
Published: July 2016

Let {Xn | n ≥ 1} be a strictly stationary sequence of φ-mixing random variables with zero mean and finite variance. Set

we show the exact rates in the law of iterated logarithm of a kind of weighted infinite series of

as ε ↘ 0.
Second Order Riemannian Mechanics
Authors: Matsyuk Roman
Published: July 2016

The technique of covariant differentiation is being implemented into the single integral variational calculus with second derivatives in Riemannian manifolds and into the Grässer-Rund-Weyssenhoff homogeneous generalized canonical framework for the parameter-invariant variational problem. As an example of physical nature we relate to each other the equations of motion with higher derivatives that describe the physical phenomena known as ‘Zitterbewegung’, the electromagnetic self-interaction, and spherical top. Although two of these phenomena, the quiver (the ‘Zitterbewegung’) and the radiation friction, have been known only within the framework of Special Relativity, our approach allows to generalize the corresponding equations of motion to the curved spacetime. From the geometrical point of view these generalizations depend neither on the signature of the Riemannian space nor on its dimension.
Recent sedimentation rates in the Caravelas estuary (Bahia, Brazil) using unsupported 210Pb and 137Cs modeling
Authors: Angeli José Lourenço Friedmann , Venturini Natalia , Ferreira Paulo Alves de Lima , Figueira Rubens César Lopes
Published: July 2016

The Caravelas estuary is located in a zone of the Brazilian coast (Southern Bahia State) which has
been submitted to different kinds of land uses during the last 50 years. This zone has an
important ecological role, due to its mangroves and its location next to Abrolhos coral reef, the
most important in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. 210Pb and 137Cs dating
methods, accompanied by a sedimentological study, were applied to sediment cores in order to
establish sedimentation rates and identify historical trends of land use and erosive
processes. Sedimentation rates were established according to the “Constant Rate of Supply”
(CRS) 210Pb dating model, which was preferred rather than the “Constant Initial
Concentration” (CIC) model. Corrected sedimentation rates obtained from 210Pb dating
were corroborated through a second independent radionuclide tracer such as 137Cs. The
sedimentation rates obtained according to the CRS model for the cores were 1.07  ±  0.13 cm yr
–1 for T#2 (inner sector), 0.65  ±  0.06 cm yr
–1
for T#5 and 0.85  ±  0.09 cm yr
–1 for T#8 (outer sector). The difference
in sedimentation rates among the sampling sites could be due to hydrodynamic processes and could
be related to the tendency of increase of erosive processes, conditioned by the changes in the
landscape and land use to, which this region has been submitted.
The Evaluation of the Equipment and Quality of the Public Space of Poznań
Authors: Budner Waldemar W.
Published: July 2016

The article defines the notion of public space and attempts to explain its forms and roles. The article realizes two cognitive goals: the evaluation of the equipment of public spaces in Poznań with the selected elements of landscape architecture and the quality of those spaces. Empirical research was conducted in the form of a survey addressed at 300 respondents. The research activities conducted in the course of work allow for the formulation of the following conclusions: the quality of life in a city depends on the condition of equipment of public space; the elements of landscape architecture make the public space of Poznań more attractive (contribute to its functionality, increase the aesthetics of urban space); the condition of the equipment of public space with landscape architecture is evaluated as good; the users of the public space in Poznań pointed out the problem of advertising pillars, advertisements and signboards, public toilets and the insufficient number of seats.
The Significance of Database Size in Modelling the Market of Nonresidential Premises
Authors: Barańska Anna
Published: July 2016

The market of non-residential premises is the subject of analyses less frequently than the housing market. There are two main reasons which probably contribute thereto. First of all, commercial premises are relatively less frequently objects of trade than dwelling units; secondly, they are more diverse due to their various uses. The category includes garages, office premises, commercial premises, as well as warehouses. Such differences in their uses result in significantly different characteristics, such as surface area.

The article attempts to analyse a selected non-residential segment of the commercial property market in Krakow based on a large set of data (280 objects), referring to the transactions concluded in the last five years. The size of the data enabled the use of multidimensional modelling of the selected market in different size variants. This made it possible to draw reliable conclusions which undermine the widespread belief regarding very limited possibilities of using the method of market statistical analysis in the comparative approach, especially in this segment of the real estate market, as well as in others, where transactions are concluded less frequently than on the housing market.
Fatality as a Feature of Medical Care
Authors: Ruiz-Sada Pablo , Atutxa-Fernández Jon-Ander , Fernández-Ferrer Sara , Palacios-García Lara
Published: July 2016

Taking advantage of an interesting clinical scenario, we want to introduce a discussion about fatality in our daily practice and the need to accept that. An 80 year-old man with non-traumatic spontaneous bleeding tendency came to the clinics. Although being on warfarin as a consequence of primary thrombotic prophylaxis due to an atrial fibrillation, full assessment was performed. Not only the rare entity found on him, but also the severe complication that happened afterwards challenged clinicians and led them to risky treatment options.
Malice Aforethought
Authors: Curry Philip A.
Published: July 2016

This paper examines why criminal intent matters in sentencing. In particular, it considers two types of crimes, opportunistic and premeditated. Opportunistic crimes are ones that present themselves to a criminal and can be deterred if the victim makes it too costly for the criminal through private property protection. Premeditated crimes are ones sought out by the criminal, and the effect of private property protection is simply to displace crime. This difference between deterrence and displacement leads to the result that it is optimal to punish premeditated crimes more. The extent to which this is true, however, lies in the response by potential victims. If victims protect themselves from premeditated crimes in ways that also protect them from opportunistic ones, then the difference in penalties is relatively less.
Digital Root Patterns of Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Lin Chia-Yu
Published: July 2016

In this study, we define vedic cube as the layout of each digital root in a three-dimensional multiplication table. In order to discover the geometric patterns in vedic cube, we adopt two methods to analyze the digital root in a three-dimensional space. The first method is floor method, which divides vedic cube into several X-Y planes according to different Z values (floors) to analyze the geometric characteristics on each floor. The second method is symmetric plane method, which decomposes vedic cube by its main and secondary symmetric planes.
Endless Love: On the Termination of a Playground Number Game
Authors: Johnston Iain G.
Published: July 2016

A simple and popular childhood game, loves or the love calculator, involves an iterated rule applied to a string of digits and gives rise to surprisingly rich behaviour. Traditionally, players’ names are used to set the initial conditions for an instance of the game: its behaviour for an exhaustive set of pairings of popular UK childrens’ names, and for more general initial conditions, is examined. Convergence to a fixed outcome (the desired result) is not guaranteed, even for some plausible first name pairings. No pairs of top-50 common first names exhibit non-convergence, suggesting that it is rare in the playground; however, including surnames makes non-convergence more likely due to higher letter counts (for example, “Reese Witherspoon loves Calvin Harris”). Difierent game keywords (including from difierent languages) are also considered. An estimate for non-convergence propensity is derived: if the sum m of digits in a string of length w obeys m > 18=(3=2/)w-4, convergence is less likely. Pairs of top UK names with pairs of ‘O’s and several ‘L’s (for example, Chloe and Joseph, or Brooke and Scarlett) often attain high scores. When considering individual names playing with a range of partners, those with no loves letters score lowest, and names with intermediate (not simply the highest) letter counts often perform best, with Connor and Evie averaging the highest scores when played with other UK top names.
The Silence of Heads
Authors: Kayne Richard S.
Published: July 2016

On the basis of considerations involving complementizers, sentence-final particles,
need, aspect, tense, focus and topic, agreement morphemes, determiners, verbrelated
particles and adpositions, I reach the conclusion that many more heads
in the sentential projection line (and elsewhere) must be taken to be silent than is
usually thought. I then argue that this state of affairs ultimately reflects the fact
that every projecting head is silent.

提要

本文探討的對象包括標句詞、句末助詞、“need”、體、時、焦點與話題、一致關係
語素、限定詞、與動詞有關的助詞、介詞，得出的結論是：在句子投射系列及其他
位置上，無聲中心語的數目應該遠多於過去所理解。本文進而指出，以上的情況都
說明一個事實，那就是中心語都是無聲的成分。
Understanding S-Selection
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning
Published: July 2016

I report a few study notes of semantic selection in this paper. First, if derivational
affixes s-select roots, which have no categorial features, s-selection may be
implemented independently of c-selection. Second, in certain constructions, it
seems that s-selected features do not take part in the syntactic operations that
establish syntactic dependencies, and thus the inspection of s-selection seems
to be local to the merge domain. I also examine s-selection between phrases,
showing that it follows the same projection principle as seen in the c-selection
between phrases.

提要

詞語間的語意選擇有可能獨立於詞類選擇。如果詞根沒有詞類，那麼派生詞綴對詞
根的語意選擇就獨立於詞類選擇。其次，在某些句式中，兩個成分之間的句法依賴
關係也有可能獨立於語意特徵的選擇。因此，對語意選擇的檢驗可以是局部的。本
文亦討論兩個短語之間的語意選擇關係，發現短語之間的語意選擇關係跟短語之間
的詞類選擇關係遵守同樣的投射原則。
Bildungsinhalt ohne Bildungsgehalt? – Spiritualität in der Pflegeausbildung
Authors: Knoll OP Franziskus
Published: July 2016

Normativ-ideelle Forderungen der Pflegewissenschaft, theologisch-anthropologische Überlegungen und empirische Studien von Gesundheitspsychologie und Medizin belegen, dass im Kontext gesundheitlicher Veränderungen nicht nur psychische, materielle, soziale und umweltbezogene Faktoren zu bedenken sind, sondern eben auch spirituelle. Insofern Spiritualität zum Menschsein dazu gehört, sie potentiell aktiviert werden kann und gesundheitliche Relevanz besitzt, stellt sich die Frage nach ihrem Ort als Bildungsinhalt im Ausbildungskanon der deutschen Pflege. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Pflegerelevanz von Spiritualität, untersucht die Berücksichtigung spiritueller Bildungsinhalte in den Rahmenlehrplänen der deutschen Bundesländer und wirft einen Blick auf die Situation in der US-amerikanischen Krankenpflegeausbildung. Aus den Entwicklungen in Deutschland und den USA werden Chancen, Grenzen und Ansatzpunkte einer zukunftsfähigen Qualifikation Pflegender in der spirituellen Begleitung abgeleitet.
Prefrontal Single-Neuron Responses after Changes in Task Contingencies during Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Rabbits
Authors: Siegel Jennifer J.
Published: July 2016

A number of studies indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a role in mediating the expression of behavioral responses during tasks that require flexible changes in behavior. During trace eyeblink conditioning, evidence suggests that the mPFC provides the cerebellum with a persistent input to bridge the temporal gap between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Therefore, the mPFC is in a position to directly mediate the expression of trace conditioned responses. However, it is unknown whether persistent neural responses are associated with the flexible expression of behavior when task contingencies are changed during trace eyeblink conditioning. To investigate this, single-unit activity was recorded in the mPFC of rabbits during extinction and reacquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning, and during training to a different conditional stimulus. Persistent responses remained unchanged after full extinction, and also did not change during reacquisition training. During training to a different tone, however, the generalization of persistent responses to the new stimulus was associated with an animal’s performance—when persistent responses generalized to the new tone, performance was high (>50% response rate). When persistent responses decreased to baseline rates, performance was poor (<50% response rate). The data suggest that persistent mPFC responses do not appear to mediate flexible changes in the expression of the original learning, but do appear to play a role in the generalization of that learning when the task is modified.
Perineuronal Nets Enhance the Excitability of Fast-Spiking Neurons
Authors: Balmer Timothy S.
Published: July 2016

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized complexes of extracellular matrix molecules that surround the somata of fast-spiking neurons throughout the vertebrate brain. PNNs are particularly prevalent throughout the auditory brainstem, which transmits signals with high speed and precision. It is unknown whether PNNs contribute to the fast-spiking ability of the neurons they surround. Whole-cell recordings were made from medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) principal neurons in acute brain slices from postnatal day 21 (P21) to P27 mice. PNNs were degraded by incubating slices in chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) and were compared to slices that were treated with a control enzyme (penicillinase). ChABC treatment did not affect the ability of MNTB neurons to fire at up to 1000 Hz when driven by current pulses. However,f–I(frequency–intensity) curves constructed by injecting Gaussian white noise currents superimposed on DC current steps showed that ChABC treatment reduced the gain of spike output. An increase in spike threshold may have contributed to this effect, which is consistent with the observation that spikes in ChABC-treated cells were delayed relative to control-treated cells. In addition, parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking cortical neurons in >P70 slices that were treated with ChABC also had reduced excitability and gain. The development of PNNs around somata of fast-spiking neurons may be essential for fast and precise sensory transmission and synaptic inhibition in the brain.
CTRL+INSERT: retrotransposons and their contribution to regulation and innovation of the transcriptome
Authors: Göke Jonathan , Ng Huck Hui
Published: July 2016

The human genome contains millions of fragments from retrotransposons—highly repetitive DNA sequences that were once able to “copy and paste” themselves to other regions in the genome. However, the majority of retrotransposons have lost this capacity through acquisition of mutations or through endogenous silencing mechanisms. Without this imminent threat of transposition, retrotransposons have the potential to act as a major source of genomic innovation. Indeed, large numbers of retrotransposons have been found to be active in specific contexts: as gene regulatory elements and promoters for protein‐coding genes or long noncoding RNAs, among others. In this review, we summarise recent findings about retrotransposons, with implications in gene expression regulation, the expansion of gene isoform diversity and the generation of long noncoding RNAs. We highlight key examples that demonstrate their role in cellular identity and their versatility as markers of cell states, and we discuss how their dysregulation may contribute to the formation of and possibly therapeutic response in human cancers.
Bringing next‐generation diagnostics to the clinic through synthetic biology
Authors: Courbet Alexis , Renard Eric , Molina Franck
Published: July 2016

The promise for real precision medicine is contingent on innovative technological solutions to diagnosis and therapy. In the post‐genomic era, rational and systematic approaches to biological design could provide new ways to dynamically probe, monitor, and interface human pathophysiology. Emerging as a mature field increasingly transitioning to the clinics, synthetic biology integrates engineering principles to build sensors, control circuits, and actuators within the biological substrate according to clinical specifications. A particularly tantalizing goal is to develop novel versatile, programmable and autonomous diagnostic devices intertwined with therapy and personalized for the patient to get closest, finest, and most comprehensive diagnostic information and medical procedures. Here, we discuss how synthetic biology could be preparing the future of medicine, supporting and speeding up the development of diagnostics with novel capabilities to bring direct improvement from the clinical laboratory to the patient, while addressing healthcare evolution and global health concerns.
From pseudohypoparathyroidism to inactivating PTH/PTHrP signalling disorder (iPPSD), a novel classification proposed by the EuroPHP network
Authors: Thiele Susanne , Mantovani Giovanna , Barlier Anne , Boldrin Valentina , Bordogna Paolo , De Sanctis Luisa , Elli Francesca M , Freson Kathleen , Garin Intza , Grybek Virginie , Hanna Patrick , Izzi Benedetta , Hiort Olaf , Lecumberri Beatriz , Pereda Arrate , Saraff Vrinda , Silve Caroline , Turan Serap , Usardi Alessia , Werner Ralf , de Nanclares Guiomar Perez , Linglart Agnès
Published: July 2016

Objective

Disorders caused by impairments in the parathyroid hormone (PTH) signalling pathway are historically classified under the term pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), which encompasses rare, related and highly heterogeneous diseases with demonstrated (epi)genetic causes. The actual classification is based on the presence or absence of specific clinical and biochemical signs together with anin vivoresponse to exogenous PTH and the results of anin vitroassay to measure Gsa protein activity. However, this classification disregards other related diseases such as acrodysostosis (ACRDYS) or progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), as well as recent findings of clinical and genetic/epigenetic background of the different subtypes. Therefore, the EuroPHP network decided to develop a new classification that encompasses all disorders with impairments in PTH and/or PTHrP cAMP-mediated pathway.

Design and methods

Extensive review of the literature was performed. Several meetings were organised to discuss about a new, more effective and accurate way to describe disorders caused by abnormalities of the PTH/PTHrP signalling pathway.

Results and conclusions

After determining the major and minor criteria to be considered for the diagnosis of these disorders, we proposed to group them under the term ‘inactivating PTH/PTHrP signalling disorder’ (iPPSD). This terminology: (i) defines the common mechanism responsible for all diseases; (ii) does not require a confirmed genetic defect; (iii) avoids ambiguous terms like ‘pseudo’ and (iv) eliminates the clinical or molecular overlap between diseases. We believe that the use of this nomenclature and classification will facilitate the development of rationale and comprehensive international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of iPPSDs.
Metabolic history impacts mammary tumor epithelial hierarchy and early drug response in mice
Authors: Montales Maria Theresa E , Melnyk Stepan B , Liu Shi J , Simmen Frank A , Liu Y Lucy , Simmen Rosalia C M
Published: July 2016

The emerging links between breast cancer and metabolic dysfunctions brought forth by the obesity pandemic predict a disproportionate early disease onset in successive generations. Moreover, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents may be influenced by the patient’s metabolic status that affects the disease outcome. Maternal metabolic stress as a determinant of drug response in progeny is not well defined. Here, we evaluated mammary tumor response to doxorubicin in female mouse mammary tumor virus–Wnt1 transgenic offspring exposed to a metabolically compromised environment imposed by maternal high-fat diet. Control progeny were from dams consuming diets with regular fat content. Maternal high-fat diet exposure increased tumor incidence and reduced tumor latency but did not affect tumor volume response to doxorubicin, compared with control diet exposure. However, doxorubicin-treated tumors from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring demonstrated higher proliferation status (Ki-67), mammary stem cell-associated gene expression (Notch1, Aldh1) and basal stem cell-like (CD29hiCD24+) epithelial subpopulation frequencies, than tumors from control diet progeny. Notably, all epithelial subpopulations (CD29hiCD24+, CD29loCD24+, CD29hiCD24+Thy1+) in tumors from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring were refractory to doxorubicin. Further, sera from high-fat-diet-exposed offspring promoted sphere formation of mouse mammary tumor epithelial cells and of human MCF7 cells. Untargeted metabolomics analyses identified higher levels of kynurenine and 2-hydroxyglutarate in plasma of high-fat diet than control diet offspring. Kynurenine/doxorubicin co-treatment of MCF7 cells enhanced the ability to form mammosphere and decreased apoptosis, relative to doxorubicin-only-treated cells. Maternal metabolic dysfunctions during pregnancy and lactation may be targeted to reduce breast cancer risk and improve early drug response in progeny, and may inform clinical management of disease.
Axonopathy in the Central Nervous System Is the Hallmark of Mice with a Novel Intragenic Null Mutation of Dystonin
Authors: Seehusen Frauke , Kiel Kirsten , Jottini Stefano , Wohlsein Peter , Habierski Andre , Seibel Katharina , Vogel Tanja , Urlaub Henning , Kollmar Martin , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Teichmann Ulrike
Published: July 2016

Dystonia musculorum is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the dystonin gene. It has been described in mice and humans where it is called hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy. Mutated mice show severe movement disorders and die at the age of 3–4 weeks. This study describes the discovery and molecular, clinical, as well as pathological characterization of a new spontaneously occurring mutation in the dystonin gene in C57BL/6N mice. The mutation represents a 40-kb intragenic deletion allele of the dystonin gene on chromosome 1 with exactly defined deletion borders. It was demonstrated by Western blot, mass spectrometry, and immunohistology that mice with a homozygous mutation were entirely devoid of the dystonin protein. Pathomorphological lesions were restricted to the brain stem and spinal cord and consisted of swollen, argyrophilic axons and dilated myelin sheaths in the white matter and, less frequently, total chromatolysis of neurons in the gray matter. Axonal damage was detected by amyloid precursor protein and nonphosphorylated neurofilament immunohistology. Axonopathy in the central nervous system (CNS) represents the hallmark of this disease. Mice with the dystonin mutation also showed suppurative inflammation in the respiratory tract, presumably due to brain stem lesion-associated food aspiration, whereas skeletal muscles showed no pathomorphological changes. This study describes a novel mutation in the dystonin gene in mice leading to axonopathy in the CNS. In further studies, this model may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and may elucidate the complex interactions of dystonin with various other cellular proteins especially in the CNS.
Genomics of Natural Populations: How Differentially Expressed Genes Shape the Evolution of Chromosomal Inversions inDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Fuller Zachary L , Haynes Gwilym D , Richards Stephen , Schaeffer Stephen W
Published: July 2016

Chromosomal rearrangements can shape the structure of genetic variation in the genome directly through alteration of genes at breakpoints or indirectly by holding combinations of genetic variants together due to reduced recombination. The third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura is a model system to test hypotheses about how rearrangements are established in populations because its third chromosome is polymorphic for >30 gene arrangements that were generated by a series of overlapping inversion mutations. Circumstantial evidence has suggested that these gene arrangements are selected. Despite the expected homogenizing effects of extensive gene flow, the frequencies of arrangements form gradients or clines in nature, which have been stable since the system was first described >80 years ago. Furthermore, multiple arrangements exist at appreciable frequencies across several ecological niches providing the opportunity for heterokaryotypes to form. In this study, we tested whether genes are differentially expressed among chromosome arrangements in first instar larvae, adult females and males. In addition, we asked whether transcriptional patterns in heterokaryotypes are dominant, semidominant, overdominant, or underdominant. We find evidence for a significant abundance of differentially expressed genes across the inverted regions of the third chromosome, including an enrichment of genes involved in sensory perception for males. We find the majority of loci show additivity in heterokaryotypes. Our results suggest that multiple genes have expression differences among arrangements that were either captured by the original inversion mutation or accumulated after it reached polymorphic frequencies, providing a potential source of genetic variation for selection to act upon. These data suggest that the inversions are favored because of their indirect effect of recombination suppression that has held different combinations of differentially expressed genes together in the various gene arrangement backgrounds.
Thumb-Sucking, Nail-Biting, and Atopic Sensitization, Asthma, and Hay Fever
Authors: Lynch Stephanie J. , Sears Malcolm R. , Hancox Robert J.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that early-life exposure to microbial organisms reduces the risk of developing allergies. Thumb-sucking and nail-biting are common childhood habits that may increase microbial exposures. We tested the hypothesis that children who suck their thumbs or bite their nails have a lower risk of developing atopy, asthma, and hay fever in a population-based birth cohort followed to adulthood.

METHODS:

Parents reported children’s thumb-sucking and nail-biting habits when their children were ages 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. Atopic sensitization was defined as a positive skin-prick test (≥2-mm weal) to ≥1 common allergen at 13 and 32 years. Associations between thumb-sucking and nail-biting in childhood, and atopic sensitization, asthma, and hay fever at these ages were assessed by using logistic regression with adjustments for sex and other potential confounding factors: parental atopy, breastfeeding, pet ownership, household crowding, socioeconomic status, and parental smoking.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one percent of children were frequent thumb-suckers or nail-biters at ≥1 of the ages. These children had a lower risk of atopic sensitization at age 13 years (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.92, P = .013) and age 32 years (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.81, P = .001). These associations persisted when adjusted for multiple confounding factors. Children who had both habits had a lower risk of atopic sensitization than those who had only 1. No associations were found for nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and asthma or hay fever at either age.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children who suck their thumbs or bite their nails are less likely to have atopic sensitization in childhood and adulthood.
The Processional Oct. Lat. 794 of the Budapest National Széchényi Library. A re-identification
Authors: Gilányi Gabriella
Published: July 2016

The Budapest National Széchényi Library keeps a Pauline manuscript compiled in 1644. Based on a possessor’s entry at its very beginning, the source Cod. Lat. 794 has so far been referred to in the literature as the Pauline Processional of Újhely but its content has never been thoroughly investigated. The original aim of this study was to fill this gap by carrying out a codicological, liturgical and musical survey and, finally, producing a full description and detailed evaluation of the manuscript. However, the many-sided analysis has eventually led to unexpected findings, which make the earlier consensus about the provenance of the book questionable. First of all, while the manuscript uses the typical Pauline notation, its style and ductus differ markedly from the notation of the 1623 Gradual belonging definitely to the monastery of (Sátoralja)újhely, whereas it shows striking similarities to 17th–18th-century manuscripts of the Croatian Paulines. Other characteristics such as the sequence and designation of the stations in the processional topography and the last unit of the book, which is a notated Passional in Croatian language, point toward Lepoglava, the centre of the Pauline province as the possible provenance. A comparative analysis of the melodies also support this hypothesis.
Fragmentum Cracoviense officii sancti Demetrii Thessalonicensis
Authors: Czagány Zsuzsa
Published: July 2016

The manuscript Ms. 2372 of the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków contains a notated fragment of an early 12th-century Hungarian antiphoner as a flyleaf. The text written with late Caroline Minuscule is accompanied by two types of music notation. The recitative and formulaic chants appearing in the rubrics (responsoria brevia and versicles of the horae minores) are notated with diastematic neumes. The main text containing the antiphons and responsoria prolixa is written with what is probably the earliest example of the medieval Hungarian (Strigonian) chant notation. The fragment is also remarkable because of its unique content. While the recto contains the standard repertory of the office for St Michael, the verso includes chants from the historia Perennis patrie regis of St Demetrius of Thessaloniki venerated in medieval Hungary as one of its patron-saints. The Cracovian fragment represents the oldest testimonial of the historia discovered so far.
Vagrans egista sinha (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae): range extension and an addition to the butterfly fauna of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kirti Jagbir Singh , Mehra Deepika , Sidhu Avtar Kaur
Published: July 2016

This paper reports the first record of Vagrans egista sinha (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae) from Himachal Pradesh, India, extending its known distribution (Dehradun to Sikkim, Bengal, Orissa, Assam and Burma) by 250 km westward, beyond the Sutlej defile.
Methodic of perfection of higher pedagogical educational establishments girl students’ rhythm
Authors: Kolumbet A.N. , Dudorova L.Yu.
Published: July 2016

Purpose: to study influence of methodic of rhythm perfection on girl students’ coordination abilities. Material: in the research 264 girl students participated. We assessed individual and collective rhythm, internal and external motor rhythm; rhythm in exercises with musical accompaniment. Results: we have determined that creative motor tasks require variable conditions for their realization. We have proved demand in appropriate criteria for their assessment. It is noted that there is a demand in development of rhythm, considering its main kinds and manifestations, which are formed with some peculiarities. Individual rhythm is determined by activation of attention and its level. It is perfected more successfully rather with stimulated development than with natural. It was found that with age the character of natural progressing of rhythm preserves. Conclusions: it is recommended to develop rhythm in compliance with its kinds and manifestations. Progressing and perfection of rhythm is a long lasted process and shall be realized during all period of girl students’ studying. Such approach forms girl students’ demand in finding of purposeful motor rhythm in all their new motor actions. It ensures optimality of their fulfillment.
SPORT AND MENTAL HEALTH LEVEL AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Kenioua Mouloud , Boumasjed Abd Elkader
Published: July 2016

Purpose: study of mental health level of university student, athletes and non-athletes. Material: The tested group consisted of 160 male and female undergraduates from Ouargla University, Algeria; 80 students-athletes from Institute of Physical Education and Sports and 80 students-non-athletes from Department of Psychology, English and Mathematics. In the study we used health mental scale, adapted by Diab (2006) to Arab version scale, formed from five dimensions (Competence and self-confidence, Capacity for social interaction, Emotional maturity, Freedom from neurotic symptoms, self rating and aspects of natural deficiencies). Results: the findings indicated that university students have high level of mental health. And the mean of the responses of students-athletes group by mental health scale reached (M = 32.40), with standard deviation (STD =5.83), while the mean of the responses of students-non athletes group by mental health scale has reached (M=27.47), with standard deviation (STD=7.88). T-value, required to know significance of differences between means of students-athletes and students-non athletes has reached (T=4.51), (DF=185, p -0.01). So there are significant statistical differences between student athletes and non-athletes in their responses by mental health scale in favor of the student athletes. Conclusion:sports are beneficial in respect to mental health among university students and emphasizing the importance of the mental health of university students through its integration in the various recreational and competitive activities. Future qualitative research, covering multi-variables’ tests on mental health and others psychological characteristics could be performed in sports area.
ATMOSPHERE PROTECTION IN CASE OF EMERGENCY DURING TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS CARGO
Authors: Berlov O. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The paper highlights the development of numerical models for prediction of atmospheric pollution in case of burning of the solid rocket propellant in a railway car, situated near the building on railway territory. These models can be used in predicting the effectiveness of neutralization upon the atmosphere protection for this type of accidents. Methodology.To solve this problem the numerical models based on the use of Navier-Stokes equations, to determine the velocity field of the wind flow near cars and buildings, and contaminants-transfer equations in the atmosphere were developed. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport equation was used implicit «change – triangle» difference scheme. When constructing a difference scheme physical and geometric cleavage of the transfer equation is carried out in four steps. Unknown value of pollutant concentration at each step of cleavage is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of «point-to-point computation». For the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations are used implicit difference schemes. When carrying out computing experiment also takes into account: the velocity profile of wind flow; interaction between the building and the wind flow and flame jet of solid rocket propellant; the presence of a railroad car; inside which there is a source of pollution; instability of pollutant emissions. On the basis of constructed numerical models was performed the computer experiment for assessing the level of air pollution at dangerous cargo rail transportation in case of emergency at railway territory.The application calculations for the timely combustion products neutralization of solid rocket propellant were carried out. Findings. The numerical models that let promptly calculate air contamination in case of emergency during solid rocket propellant transportation, as well as calculate the rational parameters of pollutant neutralization process were developed by the researcher. These models can be used for routine calculations of various accident scenarios simulation. Originality. Numerical models were developed; they take into account significant factors, influencing the pollutant dispersion process in the atmosphere. On their base a pollutant neutralization method was offered in emergency situations on the railway transport. Practical value.Efficient numerical models, so called «diagnostic models» were considered for the rapid calculation of the air pollution level and air protection technology in emergency situations, in particular, in the case of railway transportation the solid rocket propellant.
RESEARCH OF DEPENDENCE OF BELT CONVEYER DRIVE POWER ON ITS DESIGN PARAMETERS
Authors: Bohomaz V. M.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. A drive is one of the basic elements of belt conveyers. To determine the drive power it is necessary to conduct calculations by standard methodologies expounded in modern technical literature. Such calculations demand a fair amount of time. The basic design parameters of a belt conveyer include type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. The article aims to build the parametric dependence of belt conveyer drive power on its design parameters, that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Methodology. The work examines a belt conveyer with two areas: sloping and horizontal. Using the methodology for pulling calculation by means of belt conveyer encirclement, there are built parametric dependences of pull forces in the characteristic conveyer path points on the type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. Findings. For the belt conveyers of the considered type there are built parametric dependences of drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions, taking into account the belt standard dimensions and corresponding assumptions in relation to idler and pulley types. Originality.This is the first developed parametric dependence of two-area (sloping and horizontal) belt conveyer drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Practical value. Use of the built drive power dependences on design parameters for the belt conveyers with sloping and horizontal areas gives an opportunity of relatively rapid determination of drive power approximate value at the design stage. Also it allows quality selection of its basic elements at specific design characteristics and requirements. The offered dependences can be used for determination of general character of drive power dependence on the project efficiency.
DETERMINATION THE PERMISSIBLE FORCES IN ASSESSING THE LIFT RESISTANT FACTOR OF FREIGHT CARS IN TRAINS
Authors: Shvets A. O. , Zhelieznov K. I. , Akulov A. S. , Zabolotnyi O. M. , Chabaniuk E. V.
Published: July 2016

Purpose. In the analytical research are considered: 1) relationships between the longitudinal force acting on the car in the train; 2) lateral and vertical forces of interaction in the contact zone «wheel – rail»; 3) dynamic indicators of cars with the magnitude of the car lift resistance factor; 4) obtaining of the dependencies between them. Methodology. The study was conducted by an analytical method assessing the sustainability of the freight car when driving at different speeds on the straight and curved track sections. Findings. In the process of studying the motion of the train, in the investigation of transport events, as well as during the training on the simulator operator, to assess the actions of the driver, the values of the longitudinal forces in the inter car connections are used. To calculate the longitudinal compressive forces, acting on the car, in which car lift resistance factor will be equal to the allowable value (critical force). To assess the impact on the value of the longitudinal force speed, coefficients of the vertical and horizontal dynamics, as well as the wind load on the side surface of the car body are the results of calculations of motion of the empty gondola car, model № 12-532 curve radius of 250 m with a rise of 150 mm and a transverse run of body of car frame relative to the track axis of the guide section 50 mm. Originality. In this study, the technique of determining the longitudinal compressive force was shown, that is somewhat different from the standard. So, as well as assessing the impact on it the speed of rolling coefficients of vertical and horizontal dynamics and wind load on the side surface of the car body. Practical value. The authors developed proposals on the enhancement of existing methods for determining the value of the longitudinal compressive forces acting on the car in which the safety value of the car lift resistance factor will be equal to the allowable value. It will evaluate the stability of each train car lift resistance factor directly during the simulation of its movement. The most effective use of this technique in the simulator designed to teach the drivers a safe way of driving trains and in the investigation of the causes of cars derailment.