bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financing social protection in Ukraine on the basis of EU best practices
Authors: PETYK Liubov , KORZH Marta
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes the main aspects of the organization and support of territorial communities in the field of social security of the population of Ukraine. The main directions of development of the process of providing social services are outlined. The main instruments of budget financing of social protection and social security of the population of Ukraine are determined and the effects that affect the volume of expenditures of the State and Consolidated budgets on the social sphere are investigated. The existing problems in the field of social security are studied and the need to harmonize social standards with the standards of the European Union is emphasized. The thesis is put forward on the need to implement a number of measures for Ukraine's timely response to the sharp increase in socio-economic needs in the global crisis. Emphasis is placed on the problems and prospects for the development of social security in the decentralization process. The range of problems for the effective response of social policy to rapid changes in the development of the modern world economy is outlined. The necessity of the analysis of the EU experience in the field of social security and the need to adapt the best European practices in order to comply with the Western European models of social protection and / or social insurance is substantiated. The need to apply the tools of theoretical and methodological analysis of the conceptual foundations of sustainable development of social security to specific circumstances and realities in Ukraine. The study focuses on the relevance of strategic and operational objectives of the new Law of Ukraine "On Social Services" and the need for further harmonization of existing legislation with the basic standards of the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Main directions of improving audit quality in auditing firms
Authors: KHOROSHYLOVA Iryna
Published: December 2021

The paper examines in detail the problems of audit market quality. The modern audit quality control system in Ukraine is analyzed, the main indicators characterizing the development trends of the audit services market are considered. When representatives of different segments of society use the services of independent audit firms to make effective management decisions, it is necessary to conduct high-quality audits. To achieve this goal, we have given and described the structure, given a description of its elements, identified ways to develop to improve the quality of auditing.
The market for audit services has an extremely high level of competition. In such circumstances, each individual audit firm must maintain a sufficiently high degree of image among current and potential users of their services. This can be achieved only by maintaining the impeccable quality of audits and constant review of the personnel structure of the audit firm. The purpose of writing the paper is to analyze the problematic aspects of quality control of audit services, functional aspects of audit quality control from the point of view of the external user, and the internal organization of quality work of specialists.
In the context of globalization of the economy, the growth of commercial activity, production of goods, works and services, the main competitive advantage is quality, including this is typical for auditing. The main product of audit services is documentary evidence of financial (accounting) statements. With regard to related and other services, the result of audit activities is the provision of advice and development of measures for effective management of financial and economic activities of the enterprise. The quality and effectiveness of the audit product cannot be assessed before or at the time of service, only after all audit procedures have been performed. Quality control of audit activities is a set of measures aimed at improving financial and economic activities and reducing the risks of audit organizations. The decisive role for clients in choosing an audit company is played by an impeccable business reputation, so only organizations that provide their services in a quality and honest manner can count on competitive advantages in the audit market and profitability of sales.
Influencia del pH y sales del suelo en la estructura y composición de un Bosque Tropical Estacionalmente Seco del Perú
Authors: Sánchez Córdova Danicza Violeta , Silva González Luis , Murillo Domen Yuriko Sumiyo , Huamán Mera Alexander
Published: December 2021

Los Bosques Secos son ecosistemas altamente amenazados porque son usados para la agricultura extensiva. A pesar de su gran importancia no están totalmente conservados ni ampliamente estudiados. En ese sentido el objetivo fue determinar la influencia del pH y las sales del suelo en la estructura arbórea del bosque seco en el Área de Conservación Privada (ACP) “Gotas de Agua”, se usó la décima de Gentry y el muestreo completamente al azar para evaluar siete parcelas de 50m x 30m divididas en sub parcelas de 10m x 15m. El muestreo se realizó mediante el proceso sistemático. Se evaluaron 200 individuos de 14 especies arbóreas con un diámetro a la Altura del Pecho (DAP) ≥ 10cm, la estructura horizontal mostró que el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) más alto está en Capparis flexuosa (80.81%), Eriotheca discolor (69.94%) y Ceiba insignis (64.44%) y la estructura vertical representada por 144 individuos con alturas de 4.5m – 8.7m (piso altimétrico medio). En los resultados fisicoquímicos del suelo, los valores de sales no fueron significativos, mientras que del pH del suelo indicó que existe influencia en la distribución de la vegetación del bosque seco, encontrándose valores desde ligeramente ácido en Eriotheca discolor, Jacquinia mucronata, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Maytenus octogona, Capparis scabrida, Psidium sp. y Clusia sp. hasta pH neutros en Malpighia glabra y Cordia lutea. Finalmente, se evidenció la influencia del suelo en la cobertura vegetal.
Captura de carbono en plantación forestal de laurel y sistema agroforestal laurel – café en la Provincia de San Ignacio
Authors: Sánchez Córdova Irene , Flores Mejía Yeltsin , León Mostacero José
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la captura de carbono en plantaciones de Cordia alliodora (PF) y sistemas agroforestales Cordia alliodora – Coffea arabica (SAF) con dos rangos de Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho (DAP) del laurel (<30 y >30 cm) en los distritos San Ignacio y Chirinos. Se aplicaron los métodos no destructivo y destructivo, para el laurel y el cafeto respectivamente, el método de Walkley-Black para carbono orgánico del suelo y la hojarasca mediante secado. Se utilizó el análisis trifactorial, comparación de medias y regresiones lineales. Los resultados indican que la PF localizada en Chirinos con DAP > 30 cm capturó mayor carbono, con 482.07 tnC/ha, mientras que el SAF en Chirinos con DAP < 30 cm menor carbono, con 118.1 tnC/ha. En las PF, la biomasa viva almacenó mayor carbono y en los SAF, el suelo. Además, el laurel capturó más carbono bajo plantación que bajo SAF. En cuanto al cafeto se obtuvo la ecuación alométrica más ajustada 3.2059+0.92614cos (14.07858Circunferencia -2.715981). Se concluye que dichos SUT representan importantes stocks de carbono.
Heart trauma. Penetrating wounds
Authors: Pocheptsova E. G. , Kuznetsov I. V.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the definition of penetrating heart injury, mechanisms of its occurrence, clinical forms, approaches to urgent diagnostics and main therapeutic strategies. The article will be useful for cardiologists, doctors of the emergency departments.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS WORKLOAD
Authors: Borsuk Serhii , Reva Oleksii
Published: December 2021

Mental workload is a well-known concept with a long development history. It can be used to examine students’ attitudes at the end of the educational process and compare them in groups or separately. However, building a continuous workload profile across the range of task complexity increase is still an urgent issue. All four groups of methods used to define mental workload have such flaws for the workload profile construction process as significant time requirements, single value processing and post-processing of the received results. Only one of them can be used without modifications to construct the operator’s attitude chart (profile) regarding the workload range and it doesn’t operate with more reliable absolute values. To resolve this problem, a special workload assessment grid was developed, considering the advantages of a subjective group of methods and seven core characteristics. The reasoning for grid axes choice, threshold values, and question formulation were provided. Statistics were calculated for the full sample, different grades, and educational institutions. Comparison of the received responses with referential values, cross-comparison between institutions and different grades were performed. The results contribute to such important aspects of workload, as redlines, workload profiling, and operator’s comparison.
UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Navickienė Vida , Droessiger Gražina , Valantinaitė Ilona , Trinkūnas Vaidotas , Jaras Arūnas
Published: December 2021

Purpose – The article is aimed at analyzing university management decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic thus emphasizing the impact of the decisions made on the effective management of the situation.
Research methodology – To achieve the established goal, research methodology involved the qualitative research strategy applying the semi-structured interview method and scientific literature analysis. The article is of a theoretical and empirical nature. The empirical part presents its individual research on implementing strategies in the field of adapting appropriate areas of the University as an important part of the study implementation process. The study involved 15 experts – 12 men and 4 women. The research results are the basis for developing practical guidelines for higher education institutions.
Findings – Research findings have disclosed that successful management decisions fall into eight categories: management actions, the collaboration between the different levels of authorities and the academic community, the development and maintenance of a technical base, timely and continuous academic support for teaching staff, multipurpose support for students, control over the studying process, security assurance, solutions at the level of study programs. The article demonstrates a holistic approach to making the required decisions.
Research limitations – Research limitations impose conducting a study in a specific culture and the organizational context of Lithuania.
Practical implications – Practical implications suggest that the conducted research helps the leaders of various levels at educational establishments make the most useful necessary decisions for the institution in an emergency.
Originality/Value – The uniqueness of the conducted research lies in the first attempt to show management solutions worked out by the universities in Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Near-UV Reddening Observed in the Reflectance Spectrum of High-inclination Centaur 2012 DR30
Authors: Seccull Tom , Fraser Wesley C. , Puzia Thomas H.
Published: December 2021

Centaurs with high orbital inclinations and perihelia (i > 60°; q ≳ 5 au) are a small group of poorly understood minor planets that are predicted to enter the giant planet region of the solar system from the inner Oort Cloud. As such, they are one of the few samples of relatively unaltered Oort Cloud material that can currently be directly observed. Here we present two new reflectance spectra of one of the largest of these objects, 2012 DR30, in order to constrain its color and surface composition. Contrary to reports that 2012 DR30 has variable optical color, we find that consistent measurements of its spectral gradient from most new and published data sets at 0.55–0.8 μm agree with a spectral gradient of

S
′
≃
10
%
±
1
%

/

0.1

μ
m

within their uncertainties. The spectral variability of 2012 DR30 at near-UV/blue and near-IR wavelengths, however, is still relatively unconstrained; self-consistent rotationally resolved follow-up observations are needed to characterize any spectral variation in those regions. We tentatively confirm previous detections of water ice on the surface of 2012 DR30, and we also consistently observe a steady steepening of the gradient of its spectrum from λ ∼ 0.6 μm toward near-UV wavelengths. Plausible surface materials responsible for the observed reddening may include ferric oxides contained within phyllosilicates and aromatic refractory organics.
Modeling Early Clustering of Impact-induced Ejecta Particles Based on Laboratory and Numerical Experiments
Authors: Nakazawa Kanon , Okuzumi Satoshi , Kurosawa Kosuke , Hasegawa Sunao
Published: December 2021

A projectile impact onto a granular target produces an ejecta curtain with heterogeneous material distribution. Understanding how the heterogeneous pattern forms is potentially important for understanding how crater rays form. Previous studies predicted that the pattern formation is induced by inelastic collisions of ejecta particles in early stages of crater formation and terminated by the ejecta’s expanding motion. In this study, we test this prediction based on a hypervelocity impact experiment together with N-body simulations where the trajectories of inelastically colliding granular particles are calculated. Our laboratory experiment suggests that pattern formation is already completed on a timescale comparable to the geometrical expansion of the ejecta curtain, which is ∼10 μs in our experiment. Our simulations confirm the previous prediction that the heterogeneous pattern grows through initial inelastic collisions of particle clusters and subsequent geometric expansion with no further cluster collisions. Furthermore, to better understand the two-stage evolution of the mesh pattern, we construct a simple analytical model that assumes perfect coalescence of particle clusters upon collision. The model shows that the pattern formation is completed on the timescale of the system’s expansion independently of the initial conditions. The model also reproduces the final size of the clusters observed in our simulations as a function of the initial conditions. It is known that particles in the target are ejected at lower speeds with increased distance to the impact point. The difference in the ejection speed of the particles may result in the evolution of the mesh pattern into rays.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in protected environmental areas in the Eastern Amazon: the case of São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael Aleixo Coelho , Miranda Claudia do Socorro Carvalho , Guedes Juan Andrade , Filgueiras TainaraCarvalho Garcia Miranda , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Araújo Marília de Souza , Martins Claudia Nazaré de Souza Almeida Titan , Nunes Erica Feio Carneiro , Cabeça Ana Lydia Lédo de Castro Ribeiro , De Rezende Manoel Antonio Costa , Noguchi Selma Kazumi da Trindade , Gonçalves Nelson Veiga
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted to men and animals by infected female phlebotomine sandflies and is considered a great environmental and public health problem in the Amazon region. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of this disease in São Félix do Xingu, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and its relationship with epidemiological and environmental variables, in the period from 2012 to 2016.

Methodology: The data used were from the Information System of the Pará State Secretariat of Health, the National Institute for Space Research and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The statistical and spatial analysis of the variables were done using non-parametric chi-square statistical test, kernel interpolation technique and the Bivariate Global Moran Index.

Results: The municipality had 183 confirmed cases, non-homogeneously distributed in 5 administrative districts. The individuals most affected were adult males with brown skin, an elementary level of education and rural area residents. In the case series, a direct relationship was observed between the increase of the number of cases and deforestation in the study area. The spatial analysis showed different types of land use and cover related to case clusters in the municipality. Additionally, there was a presence of cases in protected areas and a great epidemiological silence in indigenous lands.

Conclusions: Thus, this disease is a large and complex public health problem in the municipality, related to social and environmental risk factors.
Characterization of commensal Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered sheep in Mexico
Authors: Acosta-Dibarrat Jorge , Enriquez-Gómez Edgar , Talavera-Rojas Martín , Soriano-Vargas Edgardo , Navarro Armando , Morales-Espinosa Rosario
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico.
Methodology: Isolates were classified as commensal E. coli when distinctive genes related to diarrheagenic pathotypes (stx1, stx2, eae, bfp, LT, stp, ipaH, and aggR) were discarded by PCR. Identification of serotype, phylogenetic group, and antimicrobial resistance was also performed.
Results: A total of 41 isolates were characterized. The phylogenetic groups found were B1 in 37 isolates (90.2%), A in 2 (4.8%), and 1 isolate (2.4%) for C and D groups. Serotypes associated with diarrhea in humans (O104:H2 and O154:NM) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (O8:NM) were detected. Thirty-three isolates (80%) were resistant to ceftazidime, 23 (56%), to tetracycline 8 (19.5%) to ampicillin, and 1 to amikacin. Six isolates (14.6%) were multidrug-resistant.
Conclusions: This study provides new information about commensal E. coli in slaughtered sheep, high percentages of resistance to antibiotics, and different profiles of antimicrobial resistance were found, their dissemination constitute a risk factor towards the consuming population.
Assessment of pathomorphological characteristics of the oral mucosa in patients with HBV, HCV and HIV
Authors: Azatyan Vahe , Yessayan Lazar , Khachatryan Anna , Perikhanyan Anush , Hovhannisyan Alvard , Shmavonyan Melanya , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Gish Robert , Melik-Andreasyan Gayane , Porksheyan Kristina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Oral clinical manifestations in HBV HCV and HIV patients indicate a deterioration in general health status. The aim of the study was to assess pathomorphologic features of oral mucosa observed in patients with these diseases.

Methodology: The study was conducted in N1 Dental Clinic of YSMU after M. Heratsi. The total number of patients taking part in the research was 120, including HBV (n = 40), HCV (n = 40) and HIV (n = 40). After biopsy and subsequent histological examination of the oral mucosa, statistical analysis was carried out using Excel 2013 and R software.

Results: Pathomorphological examination revealed inflammatory infiltrations in all samples collected from HBV, HCV and HIV patients. These changes included microcirculatory disorders in 98.3% of samples: fibrinous-like deposits lining the surface of erosions and ulcers on the oral mucosa (1.67%), fibrosis of the mucous membrane (70%), dystrophy of squamous epithelium (93.3%) and bone sequestration (3.3%). Comparative analysis of pathomorphological characteristics revealed distinct content of infiltrates: lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in patients with HBV and HCV, while HIV patients showed neutrophils infiltration and lack of plasmocytes.

Conclusions: There are common abnormal morphological changes in the oral mucosa typical of all patients with HBV, HCV and HIV, as well as liver diseases specific to each of them. Inflammation in the patients with HIV indicated impairment of the humoral immune system. Understanding the distinct characteristic of inflammation in the oral cavity could be useful for early differential diagnosis and management of patients with HIV, HBV and HCV.
Vascular plant occurrences in grasslands of Central Forest Nature Reserve (Russia): a dataset
Authors: Cherednichenko Oxana , Gavrilova Tatiana
Published: December 2021

Here we present the sampling event dataset that contributes to studying the flora of grasslands in Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves), Tver Oblast, Russia. The Reserve is located in the SW part of the Valdai Upland within the main Caspian-Baltic watershed of the Russian plain (Latitude: 56° 26' – 56° 39' N, Longitude: 32° 29' – 33° 01' E). The territory of Central Forest Reserve belongs to the subzone of subtaiga.

The dataset includes the occurrences of vascular plant species in four types of grasslands from 209 vegetation plots (8,506 associated occurrences), collected in 2013-2014. The dataset described in this paper has never been published before.

As the grasslands in Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve are relatively unstudied, we are providing a new comprehensive dataset on the vascular plant species occurrences in the grasslands of the Reserve. The dataset contains representative information on floristic composition of plant communities in localities with assigned GPS coordinates. As the vegetation of the Reserve is typical of the subtaiga subzone, the results of analysing this dataset can be useful for grassland management in the whole subtaiga subzone.

During this study, we found one vascular plant species included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, three species from the Red Data Book of Tver Oblast, as well as 10 alien vascular plant species for the Reserve. These data, especially, the occurrences of protected and alien species, contribute to our knowledge of species composition of the grasslands of the Reserve.
Four new species of the genus Ochyrocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from iron caves of the state of Minas Gerais, with the description of the third anophtalmic species from Brazil
Authors: Brescovit Antonio Domingos , Zampaulo Robson de Almeida , Pedroso Leandro Mota , Cizauskas Igor
Published: December 2021

Four new species of the spider genus Ochyrocera Fage, 1912 are described from iron caves in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Here we present the third anophtalmic and depigmented species of the genus, O. dorinhasp. nov., and three other depigmented species: O. monicasp. nov., O. magalisp. nov. and O. rosinhasp. nov. Only O. dorinhasp. nov. and O. rosinhasp. nov. are considered as troglobites due the ocular reduction or anophthalmia and elongated appendages, two troglomorphic features absent in the other species described.
Concilier res publica et personnalisation du pouvoir dans les années 50 avant J.-C. ? La pensée cicéronienne au service du politique
Authors: Kennedy Jérôme
Published: December 2021

En retrait de la vie politique active dans les années 50 avant J.-C., Cicéron s’interroge sur ce qu’est le meilleur gouvernement, ainsi que sur le citoyen par excellence. Cette réflexion est le fruit d’une préoccupation : la res publica romaine est un régime selon lui équilibré, fondé sur la collégialité, l’autorité sénatoriale, le respect des lois, et qu’il convient donc de protéger de toute forme de personnalisation du pouvoir. Toute sa démarche réside donc dans la volonté de subordonner une telle tentation, alors vive, à cette définition conservatrice de la res publica romaine.
Auguste et la res publica : les implications pratiques d’une restauration
Authors: Le Doze Philippe
Published: December 2021

La restauration de la res publica par Auguste ne fut pas un leurre, et c’est à tort que l’on parle de « monarchie à façade républicaine ». Cette restauration fut étroitement liée à la référence au SPQR qui permit de distinguer le Principat de la tyrannie. Elle est en revanche à dissocier de la création du régime, de nature monarchique plus que monarchique à proprement parler, quand bien même en conditionna-t-elle les contours. Enfin, la restauration de la res publica influa sur les modalités de la succession : au légitimisme dynastique, on préféra alors l’hérédité conditionnée.
Cinq personnages en quête d’auteur
Authors: Loncan Anne
Published: December 2021

Parti d’un projet théâtral centré sur le thème du transfuge de classe qui tente de retrouver sa famille, le dramaturge Jean-Luc Lagarce est rattrapé par l’épreuve personnelle de sa maladie – le sida. Il en nourrit sa pièce Juste la fin du monde à l’aide du travail psychique qu’il prête à son héros et aux membres de sa famille. Ce dernier sera en partie son double, comme le sera Xavier Dolan à travers le film tiré de la pièce. Néanmoins, c’est la pièce qui évoque au mieux le déroulement du nécessaire processus de désaffiliation en cours et la part qu’y prend l’ensemble de la famille du fait de la circulation réciproque des affects et fantasmes, du fait aussi des mécanismes de défense en jeu.
La peinture moderne, entre père et fils
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: December 2021

À partir d’une réflexion sur l’image et l’art moderne, l’auteur illustre la destinée de trois peintres modernes et l’usage de leur potentiel créatif sur fond d’étayage dans la relation entre père et fils. Il explore des moments biographiques significatifs de ce lien chez W. Turner, O. Redon et J. Pollock, pour souligner l’influence du lien entre père et fils. Cet accompagnement paternel prend des formes diverses et suggère que la créativité puise dans des sources multiples, logées dans un espace psychique pré-œdipien.
La famille, un instrument de musique
Authors: Grassi Ludovica
Published: December 2021

Dès la vie prénatale, la musique joue un rôle fondamental dans le développement et le fonctionnement de la vie psychique, en particulier de la psyché inconsciente. L’écoute psychanalytique, comme l’écoute musicale, est imprégnée de temps et de rythme, dans une articulation intersubjective à haut pouvoir transformateur, capable de capter le noyau rythmique-sonique, sexuel infantile de la parole, à travers le vecteur vocal qui constitue son aspect incarné. Chaque famille est caractérisée par une structure musicale spécifique, consciente et inconsciente, qui inclut le bruit et le silence, et est donc un instrument de musique capable de produire des œuvres musicales d’une grande complexité. Une écoute polyphonique et régressive permet de saisir les dissonances, les dysrythmies, les distorsions de temporalité et de sonorité aux origines des souffrances individuelles et familiales.
La sexualité atypique, entre spectacle et excès
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: December 2021

Au préalable, l’auteur définit la sexualité atypique. Est-ce la sexualité des LGBTQIAP ? Une variante de perversion sexuelle ? Ou des sexualités extrêmes ? Ce serait plutôt une sexualité affranchie de limites et d’attachement, sans véritable sensualité. Elle est égocentrée, exclusivement portée vers l’impériosité de l’excitation et l’urgence de la décharge, cherchant à se dispenser des satisfactions du lien (tendresse, entraînement réciproque vers un plaisir grandissant). La sexualité atypique est performative et inauthentique, le but étant d’étouffer le désir redouté ainsi que son mystère. L’auteur se propose d’étudier cette réalité humaine : quel rapport entre jouissance sexuelle et attachement ? Quelle place et quelle fonction la tendresse a-t-elle dans le lien ? Dans quelle mesure les sexualités atypiques contemporaines conduisent-elles à repositionner toute sexualité ? Deux illustrations cliniques sont proposées.
Importer des pratiques alternatives dans une classe « ordinaire » : entre ruptures et continuités. Étude d’activités d’inspiration montessorienne dans une classe de maternelle
Authors: Richard-Bossez Ariane
Published: December 2021

Dans un contexte de forte diffusion de la pédagogie inspirée de Maria Montessori au sein de l’école maternelle publique française, cet article propose d’interroger ce qui peut se jouer quand des enseignants ordinaires importent dans leurs classes des pratiques alternatives. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse de deux enquêtes de terrain : l’une réalisée en 2016 dans une classe de grande section de maternelle située en REP + mettant en œuvre des pratiques d’inspiration montessorienne ; l’autre en 2010-2011 dans six autres classes de grande section aux pratiques plus conventionnelles et analysant les processus de construction des apprentissages à l’œuvre. Deux parties sont développées. La première revient sur la manière dont l’enseignante observée se saisit de la pédagogie Montessori, aussi bien du point de vue des intentions qu’elle se donne que de sa mise en œuvre concrète dans la classe. La seconde s’intéresse à l’appropriation de ces pratiques par les élèves en questionnant ce que cela produit en termes d’apprentissages. De manière transversale, il s’agit d’interroger les continuités et les ruptures entre pratiques pédagogiques alternatives et pratiques ordinaires.
Les « écoles démocratiques » : traductions d’un idéal de liberté en contexte scolaire
Authors: Legavre Amélia
Published: December 2021

Les références à la « liberté » sont au cœur des discours des écoles démocratiques. Lorsqu’un même idéal fédère des acteurs de terrain, il convient de s’interroger sur les réalités auxquelles celui-ci donne lieu. Cet article interroge ainsi la traduction de l’idéal commun de liberté pour les élèves. Le croisement des données d’observations au sein de deux écoles démocratiques, d’entretiens auprès de dix encadrants d’écoles et de réponses d’encadrants à deux questionnaires nous permet de faire apparaître les convergences et divergences de pratiques entre les partisans de la liberté à l’école. Une première partie met ainsi en évidence la convergence des encadrants sur la valorisation de la liberté des élèves, tandis qu’une seconde partie souligne les variations entre les écoles à propos de l’étendue des interventions possibles de la part des adultes. Nous distinguons à cette fin deux types d’écoles : « type mixte » et « type Sudbury ». Une troisième partie évoque les limites institutionnelles de l’idéal de liberté, l’environnement scolaire induisant une organisation qui transmet de fait certains comportements et compétences, ainsi qu’un certain rapport aux règles et aux savoirs.
Prendre la sédentarité juvénile à bras-le-corps à l’école alternative publique Le Vitrail à Montréal. Un témoignage de la culture de réflexivité et d’audace des écoles « différentes »
Authors: Chaubet Philippe
Published: December 2021

La sédentarité et l’inactivité physique sont une pandémie contemporaine. Les écoles « différentes, alternatives, expérimentales, innovantes » pourraient inspirer des solutions. Leur culture de réflexivité et leurs postures semblent les placer en bonne position pour affronter des situations ardues de ce type. Pour construire cette hypothèse, nous partons du cas d’une école alternative publique du Québec qui se bat contre la sédentarité.
Tradición espiritual y autoridad en el Libro llamado Abecedario espiritual de Francisco de Osuna
Authors: Pérez García Rafael M.
Published: December 2021

Este artículo estudia el proceso de composición del Libro llamado Abecedario espiritual de Francisco de Osuna en el contexto del conflicto entre las doctrinas del recogimiento y del dexamiento en el seno de la provincia franciscana de Castilla durante la década de 1520. Para ello, se analiza el uso dado a la Biblia, el método teológico empleado y el sistema de autoridades construido para defender el texto mediante la identificación de la doctrina del recogimiento con la teología mística de la tradición eclesiástica.
Una fundación familiar del cardenal Tavera: el hospital de San Juan Bautista en Toledo
Authors: Sánchez González Antonio
Published: December 2021

Uno de los mejores consejeros del emperador Carlos V, el cardenal Juan Pardo Tavera (1472-1545), fundó en las afueras de la ciudad de Toledo un imponente hospital bajo la advocación de San Juan Bautista, al que dejó como heredero universal de sus bienes. Además, el prelado quiso descansar eternamente en la iglesia de dicho hospital, con impresionante sepulcro en mármol obra de Berruguete, la misma iglesia en la que El Greco realizó sus últimos lienzos para cubrir los retablos del templo. También fue voluntad del cardenal Tavera dejar a su familia el gobierno del hospital, su principal obra, en condición de patronato laico, concretamente en la descendencia de su sobrino, el mariscal de Castilla Arias Pardo de Saavedra —los marqueses de Malagón, luego duques de Santisteban del Puerto y de Medinaceli—, en quienes quedó vinculado el patronazgo de este hospital toledano que funcionó como tal hasta el siglo XX y que hoy tiene otros usos culturales.
La economía de la misión franciscana española en China durante el siglo XVII: fuentes de financiación, gastos, préstamos y déficits
Authors: Junyang Ye , Ollé Manel
Published: December 2021

En el siglo XVII, los franciscanos españoles permanecían activos en China como una fuerza misionera muy importante. Con esfuerzos incansables, establecieron gradualmente sus propias misiones en las provincias de Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, etc., y lograron resultados sobresalientes. Sin embargo, estos misioneros dedicados a la empresa religiosa encontraron muchas dificultades económicas, no solo para garantizar las condiciones básicas de la vida diaria, sino también para llevar a cabo las actividades misioneras. Durante mucho tiempo, los investigadores han prestado relativamente poca atención a los dilemas económicos de los misioneros, especialmente esos relacionados con los franciscanos. El presente trabajo intenta utilizar las cartas e informes misioneros, y analizar la economía de los franciscanos españoles en China durante el siglo XVII.
La Diócesis de San Salvador a mediados del siglo XIX. Los desafíos del obispo Tomás Miguel Pineda y Saldaña
Authors: González Torres Julián
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales dificultades que el obispo Tomás Miguel Pineda y Saldaña tuvo que enfrentar en el proceso de institucionalización de la Diócesis de San Salvador, a mediados del siglo XIX. El corpus principal de fuentes primarias son los autos de las visitas pastorales. Luego de una exhaustiva revisión de las actas, el análisis se construyó a partir de aquellas parroquias donde los problemas eran más notorios. Aunque las dificultades eran generalizadas en todos los curatos. Estas se analizan a partir de cuatro ámbitos: (1) administración parroquial, (2) precariedad económica, (3) control moral de la población, (4) el desempeño pastoral y moral de algunos curas.
La religión en los tratados internacionales de la monarquía hispánica durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: González Cruz David
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación aborda el tratamiento de las cuestiones religiosas en los tratados firmados por la monarquía hispánica con las potencias europeas y los líderes políticos musulmanes del área mediterránea durante el siglo XVIII. En el estudio se aprecian las implicaciones de las relaciones Iglesia-Estado en los convenios internacionales pactados por la corona española y la complejidad de aplicar los ajustes de paz a la cesión de territorios a otras naciones con una religión oficial diferente a la católica —como es el caso de Gran Bretaña—, así como las dificultades que se generaron para su efectivo cumplimiento.
Contextualism and the Semantics of "Woman"
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Yun
Published: December 2021

Contextualist accounts of “woman,” including Saul (2012), Diaz-Leon (2016), and Ichikawa (2020), aim to capture the variability of the meaning of the term, and do justice to the rights of trans women. I argue that (i) there is an internal tension between a contextualist stance and the commitment to trans-inclusive language, and that (ii) we should recognize and tackle the broader and deeper theoretical and practical difficulties implicit in the semantic debates, rather than collapsing them all into semantics. Moving on, I sketch three strategies to help us advance feminist philosophical endeavors, including how attending to contextual matters can lead us to further reflect on the meta-contextual, such as our role in shaping contexts and whether the working of language is indicative of a larger oppressive social structure.
Aristotle on Intelligent Perception
Authors: Gasser-Wingate Marc
Published: December 2021

Aristotle presents perception as a potentially intelligent form of cognition—a form of cognition that allows us to respond in discerning, knowing ways to a range of different situations, and develop certain theoretical insights relevant to some inquiry. But it’s not clear how we should understand the interaction between our rational and perceptual powers in these cases, or how widespread we should take their interaction to be. In this paper I argue against interpretations on which human perception would be an inherently rational power. I then develop an alternative view of intelligent perception that seeks to do justice to the role Aristotle assigns nonrational uses of perception in his account of our learning, and to his emphasis on the continuity between animal and human forms of cognition. On the view I develop, our rational powers influence perception in two ways. First, they allow for a form of perception that is contemplative—that is, a form of perception that aims to work out how and what things are, and not just how things are to be responded to. Second, they afford us practical and theoretical forms of understanding that inform what we recognize perceptually, and thereby yield forms of action and insight unavailable to other animals.
Résidence des élus et structures socioélectorales en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
Authors: Vandermotten Christian
Published: December 2021

L’article examine d’abord le patron résidentiel des élus de niveau supra-communal résidant sur le territoire de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et son évolution récente. Il montre que ce patron tend de plus en plus à se conformer à celui de la population bruxelloise dans son ensemble, avec toutefois le maintien d’une surreprésentation des quartiers les plus aisés, où résident près de la moitié des élus MR et DéFI, surtout en deuxième couronne orientale. Les élus CdH et néerlandophones résident plus souvent en deuxième couronne occidentale, mais il y a une forte progression des élus flamands résidant dans les quartiers en voie de gentrification du croissant pauvre. Il en va de même pour les élus écologistes, qui apparaissent au cœur du processus de gentrification des quartiers pauvres centraux. Bien que les élus issus de l’immigration soient toujours très majoritairement socialistes, le patron résidentiel des élus socialistes tend à glisser des quartiers centraux vers la deuxième couronne. Quant aux élus du PTB, ils ne résident pas tant dans les quartiers les plus pauvres que dans des zones de revenu intermédiaire, traduisant un milieu très politisé issu du monde du travail qualifié. L’article examine ensuite les concordances que l’on peut établir entre cette géographie des élus et celle de leur électorat, dans les limites liées à la disponibilité de données à la seule échelle des communes et des élections à ce niveau de pouvoir.
Residence of elected representatives and social and electoral structures in the Brussels-Capital Region
Authors: Vandermotten Christian
Published: December 2021

L’article examine d’abord le patron résidentiel des élus de niveau supra-communal résidant sur le territoire de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et son évolution récente. Il montre que ce patron tend de plus en plus à se conformer à celui de la population bruxelloise dans son ensemble, avec toutefois le maintien d’une surreprésentation des quartiers les plus aisés, où résident près de la moitié des élus MR et DéFI, surtout en deuxième couronne orientale. Les élus CdH et néerlandophones résident plus souvent en deuxième couronne occidentale, mais il y a une forte progression des élus flamands résidant dans les quartiers en voie de gentrification du croissant pauvre. Il en va de même pour les élus écologistes, qui apparaissent au cœur du processus de gentrification des quartiers pauvres centraux. Bien que les élus issus de l’immigration soient toujours très majoritairement socialistes, le patron résidentiel des élus socialistes tend à glisser des quartiers centraux vers la deuxième couronne. Quant aux élus du PTB, ils ne résident pas tant dans les quartiers les plus pauvres que dans des zones de revenu intermédiaire, traduisant un milieu très politisé issu du monde du travail qualifié. L’article examine ensuite les concordances que l’on peut établir entre cette géographie des élus et celle de leur électorat, dans les limites liées à la disponibilité de données à la seule échelle des communes et des élections à ce niveau de pouvoir.
Woonplaats van de verkozenen en sociale verkiezingsstructuren in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest
Authors: Vandermotten Christian
Published: December 2021

L’article examine d’abord le patron résidentiel des élus de niveau supra-communal résidant sur le territoire de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale et son évolution récente. Il montre que ce patron tend de plus en plus à se conformer à celui de la population bruxelloise dans son ensemble, avec toutefois le maintien d’une surreprésentation des quartiers les plus aisés, où résident près de la moitié des élus MR et DéFI, surtout en deuxième couronne orientale. Les élus CdH et néerlandophones résident plus souvent en deuxième couronne occidentale, mais il y a une forte progression des élus flamands résidant dans les quartiers en voie de gentrification du croissant pauvre. Il en va de même pour les élus écologistes, qui apparaissent au cœur du processus de gentrification des quartiers pauvres centraux. Bien que les élus issus de l’immigration soient toujours très majoritairement socialistes, le patron résidentiel des élus socialistes tend à glisser des quartiers centraux vers la deuxième couronne. Quant aux élus du PTB, ils ne résident pas tant dans les quartiers les plus pauvres que dans des zones de revenu intermédiaire, traduisant un milieu très politisé issu du monde du travail qualifié. L’article examine ensuite les concordances que l’on peut établir entre cette géographie des élus et celle de leur électorat, dans les limites liées à la disponibilité de données à la seule échelle des communes et des élections à ce niveau de pouvoir.
Da hermenêutica de Nietzsche a uma epistemologia compreensiva da comunicação: “Não há fatos, mas somente interpretações”
Authors: Künsch Dimas A. , Menezes José Eugenio de Oliveira , Sousa Mauro Araujo de
Published: December 2021

O texto se constrói no ambiente intelectual de incertezas a que estamos sujeitos quando fundamos nossa busca pela verdade numa visão plural e compreensiva de conhecimento. A partir de um viés perspectivista nietzschiano, à luz do questionamento do filósofo sobre o conceito de verdade e frente, também, às próprias incertezas do campo da hermenêutica, o mundo da pesquisa é provocado a lidar com as diferenças e com o não determinismo. O desafio dos autores, neste texto, é propor uma conversa de modo ensaístico no âmbito das preocupações em torno do quenomeamos compreensão como método, aplicada à Comunicação. Deve resultar desse esforço conversacional, reflexivo e interpretativo a convicção de um possível papel da Comunicação como operadora do diálogo entre teorias, epistemologias, áreas de conhecimento e saberes humanos em geral, científicos e não científicos.
Developing and Implementing Machine Learning Software at Home Depot
Authors: Remidez Herbert , Beldona Sri
Published: December 2021

This teaching case explores the problem of shelfouts and the use of technology adoption to minimize it. Shelfout, wherein a product is not on the shelf when it is supposed to be, has received renewed interest especially given the fact that many brick-and-mortar stores shut down due to their inability to compete with online vendors. The coronavirus pandemic worsened this problem and companies continue to struggle with the resulting supply chain disruptions. Increasingly consumers are searching for products on the website to confirm product availability before traveling to the store. In this case we show how The Home Depot, Inc., (Home Depot), is addressing shelfouts and the process they went through in solving this problem. Instructors can use this case to introduce students to the machine learning development lifecycle, marketing courses discussing shelfouts, and courses with lessons related to technology implementation.
IFN-γ Induces IL-15 Trans-Presentation by Epithelial Cells via IRF1
Authors: Kim Tae-Shin , Rha Min-Seok , Shin Eui-Cheol
Published: December 2021

IL-15 exhibits pleiotropic effects on NK and CD8+ T cells and contributes to host protection or immunopathology during infection. Although both type I IFNs and IFN-γ upregulate IL-15 expression, their effects on IL-15 upregulation and underlying mechanisms have not been compared comprehensively. In addition, little is known about trans-presentation of IL-15 by epithelial cells to lymphocytes. In this study, we analyzed the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the human hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 cell line after stimulation with IFN-α, IFN-β, or IFN-γ using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. We also performed knockdown experiments to investigate the signaling pathway involved in IL-15 upregulation. IFN-γ more potently upregulated IL-15 expression in Huh-7 cells than IFN-α and IFN-β. Knockdown experiments revealed that IFN-γ– and IFN-β–induced IL-15 expression relied on IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which is upregulated by STAT1 and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3, respectively. Inhibitor of κB kinase α/β was also involved in IFN-γ–induced upregulation of IL-15. Furthermore, human NK cells were activated by coculture with IFN-γ–treated Huh-7 cells, which was abrogated by knocking down IL-15Rα in IFN-γ–treated Huh-7 cells, indicating that IFN-γ–induced IL-15 on Huh-7 cells activates NK cells via trans-presentation. In summary, our data demonstrate that IFN-γ potently elicits IL-15 trans-presentation by epithelial cells via IRF1. These data also suggest that the IFN-γ–IRF1–IL-15 axis may be a regulatory target for the treatment of diseases with IL-15 dysregulation.
Complicated Littre hernias
Authors: Matias Mariana Rita Afonso , Kronberga Madara , Aghahoseini Assad
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract with an estimated prevalence ranging from 2% to 4%. The diverticulum is a remnant of the vitelline duct, which leads to the formation of a true diverticulum containing all the layers of the small intestine. The condition is usually clinically silent; however, it can present with unusual symptoms and signs and therefore can result in a delayed diagnosis, particularly in adults. The aim of this study is to review the most updated literature reporting Littre hernias (LHs) in adults, the diagnostic approach, and its subsequent management. This is a literature review, complemented by an unusual clinical case of an adult who presented with a complicated umbilical LH which required emergency surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Literature reviews using PubMed, Web of Science, and other reliable sources use the possible combinations of the following keywords: Meckel's diverticulum, Littre hernia, umbilical hernia, adults, complications, surgical treatment.

RESULTS:

The herniation of an MD through a potential opening in the abdominal wall is defined as an LH, representing a rare complication of the diverticula. Due to their rarity, they remain underdiagnosed, often leading to suboptimal treatment with substantial morbidity and mortality.

CONCLUSION:

An MD, despite being a rare clinical entity in adults, can theoretically be found in any hernia, with patients experiencing a wide range of potential complications.