bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic wires: newer approach for impression making and neutral zone in severely resorbed mandibular ridge: A case report
Authors: Ade Nishma , Khalikar Smita , Mahale Kishor , Rajguru Vilas , Mahajan Sonali , Tandale Ulhas
Published: January 2024

The management of the resorbed mandibular ridge is a difficult task. Rehabilitating a patient who is completely edentulous is a common dental procedure, but it can sometimes be challenging and difficult. Making an impression with the available stock trays, even after modification, is difficult in extremely resorbed ridges.

Many materials have been used to record and transfer the neutral zone in complete dentures. So here we present a new technique of making an impression with properly adapted wire for recording the impression along with recording the neutral zone with a heavy body addition silicone impression material that rests on the wire loops projecting upward on the denture base to achieve maximum retention and stability and also for the preservation of residual alveolar ridge.
2022 Provincial elections in Quebec: consolidation or fragmentation?
Authors: Akimov Yury
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the election campaign and the results of the general elections to the National Assembly of Quebec held on October 3, 2022. The author claims that these elections demonstrated the preservation of fairly broad support for the Coalition avenir Québec (CAQ), a sharp drop in the popularity of the sovereignist project championed by the Parti québécois (PQ), a clear split in electoral preferences between “Big Montreal” consistently voting for the provincial Liberals (PLQ) and “The Rest of Québec”, as well as a certain increase in the polarization of the provincial electorate and its protest moods. It is noted that during these elections, the shortcomings of the existing electoral system became particularly evident. It is stressed that québécois nationalism, to which all the leading political forces of Québec appeal, remains the most important driving force of provincial politics. The author points out that the modern Québec politics is characterized by increased attention to issues of federal-provincial relations, protection of the French language, French-Québec culture and identity, with a clear decline in separatist sentiments and against the background of the expansion of the political spectrum.
The help of US and NATO countries to Ukraine to build a cybersecurity structure
Authors: Barbashina (Vorobieva) Ksenia
Published: January 2024

Nowadays the role of cyberspace in ensuring national security is significant. The development of cybersecurity systems in Ukraine has been actively developing since 2018, and most European countries based on their experience have been trying to help Ukraine in building the cybersecurity architecture for several years. This has had a major impact and has provided a significant impetus to the development of new systems and instruments. The assistance review helps to analyse and understand the main elements of Ukraine’s cyber security.
Some features of approaches to understanding artificial intelligence in Russia and the USA.
Authors: Zolotarev Pavel
Published: January 2024

The article draws attention to the fact that already at the initial stage of the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), experts raise the problem of protection against potential threats that AI can create. The United States is taking the initiative to attract leading AI developers to cooperate in the interests of a preventive response to potential threats. At the same time, there is no common understanding not only of the essence of artificial intelligence, but also of intelligence. It is shown that the existing definitions of the concept of “intelligence” allow us to assert that intelligence is inherent in any living organism. It is shown that intelligence necessarily includes all components of the management process, including decision making. But it is noted that only man has acquired the ability to create new forms and methods of exchanging information, which allows us to consider intelligence a quality inherent only to man. On this basis, a definition of the term “artificial intelligence” is proposed. The existing views on three variants of AI in the United States and their classification according to the level of autonomy, including in the military sphere, are considered. Differences in approaches with the Russian side were noted. The need for the priority development of preventive measures to protect against potential threats for systems that have only certain AI properties is substantiated.
The evolution of Donald Trump's policy towards big business in the United States in 2017-2019
Authors: Kozlov Vadim
Published: January 2024

Donald Trump, who was elected president in 2016, positioned himself as a president who cares about American industry and jobs for Americans. His relations with big businesses during the first period of his presidency in 2017-19 can be described as quite optimistic. The administration has adjusted the work of the Council of Corporations, involving the "captains of business" in discussing the future economic strategy of the republican team. The conclusion of a new trade agreement with Canada and Mexico (USMCA) inspired big business, nevertheless, by the end of 2019, serious problems were outlined.
The Role of the USA in the Food Supply of the world's population: state, factors and prospects
Authors: Ovchinnikov Oleg
Published: January 2024

At present, the human civilization is at a critical stage of its evolution. The reason is the emergence of new challenges, the solution of which will determine not only its appearance in the future, but perhaps, its existence. One of the most significant challenges is the global food problem. Its solution supposes the need to transform the world food system (WFS), designed to solve the issue of food supply of the world's population, taking into account a number of requirements. Obviously, the most important role in this process belongs to the present leaders of the agricultural world, among whom are primarily the United States. This paper examines the place that the country occupies in the present WFS, and also assesses both the immediate prospects for its development and the role that the United States will play in it. It is proved that the country's leadership in the future WFS will only strengthen, which will be facilitated by a number of objective factors.
American public opinion on NATO, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
Authors: Popov Nikolay
Published: January 2024

There is a large faction among American population that supports Ukraine in its conflict with Russia and approves of the United States providing assistance to it, among other things, long-term military assistance. Public opinion polls before the start of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine, during the operation and during the NATO summit in Vilnius showed a steady public demand for strengthening the role of America as a world leader, the involvement of the United States in international affairs and support for Ukraine in the armed conflict with the Russian Federation. After a long period of criticism by the Americans of "excessive US involvement in European affairs”, in particular in NATO, the conflict in Ukraine caused an increase in US support for NATO, the inclusion of new members in the alliance – Finland and Sweden, active NATO military assistance to Ukraine, a course for its accession to NATO. 
The population expresses significant support for its actions in the fight against Russia, extensive and long-term assistance to Ukraine from the United States. Attitudes towards the conflict in Ukraine and the role of NATO differ significantly among supporters of the Democratic and Republican parties – Democrats have more support and Republicans have less. The topic of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict will undoubtedly be raised during the election campaign for the 2024 elections.
Alternative Options for Puerto Rico’s Political Status: Comparative Analysis and Perspectives
Authors: Chernykh Marina
Published: January 2024

The problem surrounding Puerto Rico’s political status had existed in the United States for decades. During this time, congressmen proposed 12 bills. Most of them remained at the first stage of consideration, indicating their priorities regarding Puerto Rico. The current 118th Congress is considering a bill that would provide three alternatives to the island's political status. The article analyzes this bill, highlights the fundamental features of alternative options and determines the prospects for their adoption. The article also proves that granting statehood to Puerto Rico is the most logical end to a long-term problematic situation.
New Directions for Canadian Cultural Policy
Authors: Shchukina Tatiana
Published: January 2024

Over the last two years of the pandemic, the arts, culture and heritage sectors have experienced unique challenges. These sectors have been amongst those hit hardest and longest by the COVID-19 pandemic. This has not only affected their economic viability but also their relationship with the public, whose interests, expectations, access and behaviours have shifted dramatically over the last two years. The pandemic accelerated a shift already underway in Canadian society. Polarization, disinformation, an unequal set of rules for the foreign online broadcasters and social media companies challenge social cohesion in Canada. This reality, combined with growing awareness of systemic racism and a greater acceptance of the need to confront the climate crisis have created a need to reimagine policies, principles, and practices to ensure continued long-term, sustainable growth, competitiveness, and vitality of the arts, culture, and heritage sectors in Canada. 
Canada’s arts, culture and heritage sectors play a fundamental role in building a stronger, more cohesive and resilient society. These sectors are not only significant economic drivers but they also contribute to Canada’s identity and social fabric. They help Canadians create meaning and forge a stronger shared identity based on shared values. However, to achieve these beneficial effects, there needs to be a renewed and shared understanding of these sectors’ fundamental roles and value.  The Government of Canada convened the National Culture Summit: The Future of Arts, Culture and Heritage in Canada to help these sectors recover and thrive as well as mobilized these sectors around positive economic and social outcomes for Canada and discussed ways to support their own recovery and long-term growth and competitiveness. The Summit brought together leaders from across the country from these sectors for a national conversation on resilience, sustainability and transformation of the arts, culture and heritage sectors in Canada.
The summit’s four themes were:
•Promoting long-term competitiveness and growth;
•The return of visitors and engaging new audiences;
•The role of digital platforms in arts, culture and heritage sectors; and
•The contribution of cultural sectors to reconciliation, combatting climate change and building an open and more inclusive society.
The control of greenhouse gas emissions generated by the use of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Fagundes Isolani Lucas
Published: January 2024

This research outlines how the use of cryptocurrencies like blockchain can be detrimental to the environment, primarily due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The research is justified in light of the current relevance of the topic, as carbon emission control is a global and governmental concern for the preservation of the environment for future generations. The investigation began by addressing the issue of greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin through blockchain. Subsequently, the importance of controlling greenhouse gas emissions and the associated indices due to the use of cryptocurrencies were discussed. Following that, the policies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil were examined. Through theoretical-literature review, documentary research, and deductive methods, it was determined that the use of clean energy sources is necessary for the maintenance of this technology to reduce the environmental impacts it currently poses. The study highlights the need for using clean energy or alternative methods in the utilization of cryptocurrencies to avoid the high release of greenhouse gases as observed in current practices.
American theories of constitutional interpretation and Polish clarification and derivation concepts. A short comparison
Authors: Boike Paweł
Published: January 2024

Autor postawił sobie za cel znalezienie wspólnych elementów amerykańskich koncepcji interpretacji konstytucji oraz polskich opisowo-normatywnych teorii wykładni o charakterze uniwersalnym. Najpierw omówił główne założenia intencjonalizmu, oryginalizmu oraz teorii living constitution (,,żyjącej konstytucji”). Dokonał tego zarówno na podstawie publikacji najbardziej wpływowych przedstawicieli danych kierunków w amerykańskiej jurysprudencji, jak i podając przykłady orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych. Następnie zarysował zręby teorii klaryfikacyjnej oraz derywacyjnej, dokonując przy tym porównania niektórych założeń z elementami teorii amerykańskich. W rezultacie, pomimo przepastnych różnic dzielących polski i amerykański system prawa, zidentyfikował pewne podobieństwa teorii derywacyjnej z koncepcją living constitution.
Can the Notion of the Rule of Law Be Applied to the UN System?
Authors: Köchler Hans
Published: January 2024

The paper demonstrates that the Charter of the United Nations contains some incompatible norms, a fact that directly impacts the organization’s system of collective security. The voting procedure of the Security Council, privileging its permanent members, stands in open contradiction to the Charter’s principle of “sovereign equality” of all member states. Article 27(3) of the Charter makes uniform enforcement of the prohibition of the international use of force impossible because it effectively exempts the organization’s five permanent members. Those states can block any decision of the Council even in cases when they are themselves party to a dispute. The problem is further aggravated by a lack of checks and balances in the UN system in general. The International Court of Justice has no competence to rule on the Security Council’s use of its vast coercive powers under Chapter VII of the Charter. The supreme executive organ of the UN can act as “index in causa sui.” Thus, the lack of a separation of powers – in tandem with the statutory privilege of some of the most powerful states – makes the “rule of law” an elusive idea in the intergovernmental system of the United Nations.
Zygmunt Ziembiński’s advanced theory of sources of law and ts significance
Authors: Niesiołowski Jarosław
Published: January 2024

Celem pracy jest syntetyczne przedstawienie rozwiniętej koncepcji źródeł prawa Zygmunta Ziembińskiego oraz zwrócenie uwagi na jej doniosłość i wieloaspektowość. Znaczenie tej koncepcji wynika zarówno z okresu, kiedy powstawała, tj. lat sześćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku, jak również treści, które wyraża. Myśl Z. Ziembińskiego ma charakter wielowymiarowy i dotyczy podstawowych problemów prawoznawstwa, sprowadzających się do takich, jak: czym jest prawo, dlaczego prawo obowiązuje, jak prawo winno być stosowane. Rozwinięta koncepcja źródeł prawa Z. Ziembińskiego wyznacza i powinna wyznaczać pewien kierunek badań nad prawem. Jest istotnym elementem tzw. poznańsko-szczecińskiej szkoły teorii prawa. Zakresem badań objęto przede wszystkim twórczość naukową Z. Ziembińskiego na przestrzeni kolejnych lat. Jako metodę badawczą przyjęto analizę dorobku autora w kontekście czasów stworzenia teorii, jak również współczesnej teorii prawa.
Hans Erich Troje, Humanism and jurisprudence
Authors: Jońca Maciej
Published: January 2024

9 czerwca 2011 roku profesor Hans Erich Troje wygłosił „złoty wykład” (lectio aurea) na Uniwersytecie Alberta Ludwiga we Fryburgu Bryzgowijskim. Podsumował w nim swoje osiągnięcia naukowe. Na własną biografię i wyniki badań spojrzał przez pryzmat dwóch koncepcji: humanizmu i jurysprudencji. Mówił o edytorstwie źródeł prawa i roli pierwiastka humanistycznego w procesie edukacji prawniczej. Wiele uwagi poświęcił postaci swojego mentora naukowego Fritza Pringsheima.
Geocoaching Adventure Lab–The Innovative Tool for Exploring and Creating Tourism Space
Authors: Mydłowska Elżbieta
Published: January 2024

W kontekście zmian zachodzących w kształtowaniu się ruchu turystycznego, w związku z zaistniałą sytuacją epidemiologiczną, na znaczeniu zyskały e-narzędzia; przykładem jest Geocaching Adventure Lab, który stanowi rodzaj gry terenowej pozwalający uczestnikom eksplorować i kreować przestrzeń turystyczną w indywidualny sposób. Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie skali turystyki geocachingowej oraz charakterystyka skrytek Adventure Lab jako nieodzownego elementu rozwoju nowej turystyki na przykładzie obszarów nadmorskich krajów położonych w południowo-wschodniej części Bałtyku. W tym celu przeprowadzono internetową kwerendę skrytek, a uzyskane dane poddano opisowi statystycznemu. Stwierdzono istotne różnice w zakresie stopnia zagospodarowania geocachingowej przestrzeni turystycznej i związanym z nim ruchem turystycznym w badanych krajach. Uzyskane wyniki prowadzą do wniosku o możliwości kierowania i sterowania ruchem turystycznym za pomocą odpowiednio przygotowanej Adventure Lab. Skrytki spełniają również wymagania stawiane produktowi turystycznemu.
Entrepreneurship Support Instruments in Coastal Municipalities of Poland and Latvia: Scope of Application and Effectiveness
Authors: Czyżycki Rafał , Ociepa-Kicińska Elżbieta , Rodzinka Jacek , Skica Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Gminy pełnią szczególnie ważną rolę, m.in. w tworzeniu odpowiednich warunków życia oraz organizowaniu prawidłowego funkcjonowania i rozwoju gospodarki. Uwzględniając specyfikę gmin nadmorskich, sprawdzamy, jak działania samorządów gmin nadmorskich przyczyniają się do rozwoju lokalnej przedsiębiorczości w Polsce i na Łotwie.
Na podstawie wyników badania przeanalizowano 38 417 danych wejściowych dając pole do porównań w celu oceny skuteczności analogicznych rozwiązań stosowanych w obu krajach i ich konsekwencji w postaci dynamiki przedsiębiorczości. Wyniki naszego badania wskazują na istotne różnice w zmianach poziomu przedsiębiorczości w gminach nadmorskich w porównaniu do pozostałych gmin z kraju. Zauważamy również, że gminy nadmorskie zdecydowanie częściej realizują inwestycje w ramach partnerstw publicz- no-prywatnych, zabiegają o nowych inwestorów, podczas gdy łotewskie gminy nadmorskie są charakterystycznie zorientowane na inwestorów zagranicznych.
Socio-Spatial Aspects of Cluster Structures with Particular Emphasis on Maritime Economy
Authors: Budziewicz-Guźlecka Agnieszka , Chorób Roman
Published: January 2024

Podstawowym celem powyższego opracowania jest prezentacja kontekstów społeczno- -terytorialnych związanych z funkcjonowaniem struktur klastrowych. Przedmiot badań stanowią klastry, a zakresem badań objęto przykłady tych struktur funkcjonujące na obszarach nadmorskich. Zagadnienie to ma szczególne znaczenie dla gospodarki morskiej, borykającej się częstokroć z barierami właściwego rozwoju procesów integracyjnych zachodzących w tej sferze.
Konkretyzując zasadniczy, poznawczy cel opracowania, wykorzystano pogłębioną kwerendę literatury przedmiotu, jak też posłużono się wynikami badań własnych. W tym celu w styczniu 2023 roku przeprowadzono wywiady pogłębione wśród ekspertów gospodarki morskiej oraz ekspertów z dziedziny klastrów (w województwie zachodniopomorskim) wykorzystując metodę CATI. Dowiedziono, że efektywna kooperacja sprzyja prawidłowej ekspansji struktur klastrowych, które z kolei odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie integrowania środowiska gospodarki morskiej.
The Transatlantlaticism of Billy Graham’s Visit to Poland in October 1978
Authors: Batóg Włodzimierz
Published: January 2024

Billy Graham, jeden z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych amerykańskich kaznodziejów, znany był przede wszystkim z zakrojonych na ogromna skalę przedsięwzięć ewangelizacyjnych, organizowanych początkowo w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Europie Zachodniej, a następnie na innych kontynentach. W sprzyjającej sytuacji odprężenia politycznego między USA a Związkiem Radzieckim Graham odwiedził Polskę wygłaszając szereg kazań do wiernych Kościołów protestanckich i katolików. Z religijnego punktu widzenia nauczanie Grahama niosło wyraźne cechy ewangelikalnego protestantyzmu, słabo zakorzenionego w Polsce. Nauczanie miało również wymiar kulturowy, starając zaszczepić się w wiernych takie cechy charakteru jak odwaga podejmowania decyzji, kierowanie się wartościami chrześcijańskimi, naukami Pisma świętego czy otwartość na drugiego człowieka. Charyzma Grahama i jego niekwestionowana gorliwość misyjna stały się tym samym okazją do zaprezentowania wartości amerykańskich ewangelikanów i niezmiernie rzadką sposobnością spotkania odmiennej kultury religijnej niosącej w sobie tak cenne dla Amerykanów wartości jak swoboda, wolność, poszukiwanie własnej tożsamości i pogłębianie duchowości. W autorytarnej rzeczywistości komunistyczne- go państwa to religijne przesłanie miało również głębszy wymiar będąc powiewem płynącej z USA wolności.
Obligations of the Policyholder and Liability of the Insurer in the Marine Insurance Contract in Poland between 1920 and 1961
Authors: Dworas-Kulik Judyta
Published: January 2024

Ubezpieczenia morskie są historycznie najstarszym działem ubezpieczeń majątkowych się- gającym swymi korzeniami do starożytności. Ubezpieczenia morskie znacznie wyprzedziły rozwój ubezpieczeń lądowych, gdyż pierwsze przepisy prawne normujące umowę ubezpieczenia morskiego pochodzą ze średniowiecznych ośrodków handlu morskiego, m.in. Barcelony, Genui i Wenecji. W Polsce ubezpieczenia morskie zostały zapoczątkowane na przełomie XVII i XVIII wieku. Z uwagi, iż zwiększały pewność obrotu morskiego i służyły do zabezpieczenia transakcji kredytowych, w XIX i XX wieku stanowiły ważny czynnik rozwoju działalności gospodarczej na morzu. Uwzględniając powyższe niniejszy artykuł ma na celu poddanie analizie historyczno – prawnej przepisów prawa morskiego odnoszących się do obowiązków ubezpieczającego i odpowiedzialności ubezpieczyciela wynikających z kodeksowych regulacji w zakresie umowy ubezpieczenia morskiego, które obowiązywały w Polsce od 1918 r. do unifikacji prawa morskiego z 1961 r. W artykule zostanie podjęta próba wykazania czy polskie regulacje prawa morskiego bazowały na poniemieckich regulacjach w tym zakresie czy też były całkowicie odmienne oraz zostanie podjęta próba wskazania kierunku zmian w przepisach prawa morskiego w omawianym zakresie.
Finding a Link between Obesity and Senescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Widjaja Sry Suryani , Rusdiana Rusdiana , Helvi Tengku Mardani , Simanullang Rostime Hermayeni , Jayalie Vito Filbert , Amelia Rina , Arisa Jessie
Published: January 2024

Background: Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence.
Methods: The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria. Original studies on the topic of obesity and senescence (aging), from preclinical studies to clinical research (cohort or cross-sectional studies) that were published within the last ten years. All studies were appraised using SYRCLE risk of bias tool for preclinical studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies. The data extraction on the studies’ characteristic and outcome on aging or senescence were followed by quantitative analysis using MetaXL process on prevalence ratio and hazard ratio of obesity to comorbidities and mortality.
Results: Fifteen studies were enrolled. Obesity and white adipose tissue cause increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-senescence cytokine and macrophage whilst the aging process lowers metabolism with increased insulin resistance and linked to increased risk of obesity. Obesity occurs in 22% (95% CI 18%-26%) of elderly population with higher prevalence rate in the women population. Obesity is associated with significant increased risk of multimorbidity by 56% (OR = 1.58 [95% CI 1.48-1.96]).
Conclusion: The obesity and aging or senescence has reciprocal relationship between each other.
Determinants of Neonatal, Infant and Child Mortalities in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karami Badriyeh , Abbasi Mahya , Tajvar Maryam
Published: January 2024

Background: Children mortality is considered as one of the main indicators of population development and health, while most of the children’s deaths are preventable. This study systematically reviewed the determinants of children mortality in Iran.
Methods: This systematic review was conducted to summarize all the factors associated with chil-dren mortality in three age groups; Neonate (0-28 d), Infant (28 d-1 yr old) and children (<5 yr old), based on the PRISMA guideline. Many of the electronic international and national databases, in ad-dition to hand searching of reference of selected articles, grey literature, formal and informal re-ports and government documents were screened to identify potential records up to Jan 2022. We included all studies that identified determinants of child mortality in any province of Iran or the whole country, without any restriction.
Results: Overall, 32 studies were included, published between 2000 and 2022, of which 23 were cross-sectional and 15 published in Farsi language. The associations between several risk factors (n=69) and the child mortality were examined. Among the identified factors, ‘birth weight’, ‘mother’s literacy’, ‘socioeconomic status’, ‘delivery type’, ‘gestational age’, ‘pregnancy interval’, ‘immaturity’, ‘type of nutrition’, and ‘stillbirth’ were the most important mentioned determinants of child mortali-ty in Iran.
Conclusion: Appropriate interventions and policies should be developed and implemented in Iran, addressing the main identified associated factors, resulting from this review study, with the aim of minimizing preventable child deaths, based on their age categories
A Higher Maternal Education Level Could Be a Critical Factor in the Exceeded Cesarean Section Delivery in Indonesia
Authors: Yunitawati Diah , Latifah Leny , Suryaputri Indri Yunita , Laksono Agung Dwi
Published: January 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) could be life-saving with medically indicated, but without it, both women and children could be at risk. The maximum rate for CS is 15%, but it tends to exceed globally.
Objective: We aimed to analyze the education level's role in the delivery of CS in Indonesia.
Methods: We used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey data. The study sampled 15,357 women who delivered in five last years. Besides delivery mode and education level, the study also used nine control variables: residence, age, marital, employment, parity, wealth, insurance, antenatal care, and birth type. The study employed a binary logistics regression.
Results: The results show women with secondary education (16.5% CS) are 2.174 times (AOR 2.174; 95% CI 1.095-4.316), and higher education (33% CS) are 3.241 (AOR 3.241; 95% CI 1.624-6.469) times more likely to deliver by CS than no-school education (4.4% CS). There was no significant difference between primary (9.1%) and no-education women. Apart from education, primiparous women, age 34-34 yr, attending antenatal care ≥4 times, non-poorest, having insurance, living in the city, and being unemployed also related to higher risk of CS.
Conclusion: Exceeded CS in Indonesia occurs mostly in higher education women. Higher education women were more likely to access more information and technology, therefore health promotion on healthy normal birth on social media or m-Health (mobile device-based health promotion) and involving health authorities at every level were suitable to reduce the overuse of the CS.
Pioneering Pathways: Founding Editors’ Perspectives on the 10th Anniversary of the Journal
Authors:   Coventry University, United Kingdom, Clouder Lynn , Thistlethwaite Jill ,   University of Technology Sydney, Australia, Martindale Linda ,   University of Dundee, United Kingdom, Buchanan Helen ,   University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: January 2024

Linda Martindale and Helen Buchanan, members of the editorial team for this Anniversary Issue of the International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care, undertook this interview with Lynn Clouder and Jill Thistlethwaite in May 2023. The interview was transcribed verbatim and subsequently edited for publication. In this, Lynn Clouder and Jill Thistlethwaite first reflect on the journal’s origins, and the gap it filled for publications about practice-based learning across health and social care professions. They discuss how the journal has developed over time, and what their hopes are for the next 10 years as the practice-based learning space continues to evolve and innovate.
The Development of an Academic Literacies Programme for Students in Britain and Beyond
Authors:   Richmond American University London, UK, Neilson Shuna , King Tavis Ryan ,   Prince of Wales Island International School Balik Pulau, Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Richmond’s Academic Literacies Programme (ALP) is a content-based form of instruction for university students which teaches critical reading, research skills, content synthesis, and writing and presentation skills. It is designed to empower all students to research and write effectively throughout their undergraduate studies. This article is a quantitative case study review of a British-American university’s ALP, examining student feedback across academic disciplines on specific taught ALP skills and comparing their improvement from 2014 to 2022. Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests showed students valued research, critical reading, academic writing, essay structure, understanding academic honesty, using tutor feedback, and referencing skills; however, survey development and recommendation reports were not meeting student needs in their majors and so were removed from the programme. In comparison, in a follow-up review conducted in 2022, the skill of identifying research gaps was not effectively used or applied. However, independent group testing found the usefulness of skills at the lower learning level improved from 2014 to 2022, as did the application of skills at the higher level. This study concludes that ALPs are valuable for all university students beginning higher education research, regardless of first language or degree course.
Flickers of Hidden Meaning – Braiding Essays as Creative Experience for Academic Writers
Authors:   Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Germany, Girgensohn Katrin
Published: January 2024

In creative nonfiction, the genre of the braided essay is common. This creative art of braiding different strands and outside voices might also be liberating for academic writers as an expansion of academic writing that allows hidden meaning to shine through. This teaching practice paper shares how this genre was used for writing about teaching practice at EATAW 2021. It introduces the genre of the braided essay and uses the steps of the EATAW workshop as an example of how to teach it.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Academic Literacy Education - Reflections from the Swedish Red Cross University
Authors:   The Swedish Red Cross University, Sweden, Stålberg Anna
Published: January 2024

Academic literacies refer to academic writing as social practices. This study describes first-term nursing students’ perceptions of the academic literacy education provided and its significance for their forthcoming training and clinical practice. Nine student nurses at the Swedish Red Cross University participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using latent content analysis. Two categories were identified: A challenging but rewarding step focused on the students’ struggles to become academically literate. A professional outlook targeted the students’ perceptions of the requirement to acquire academic literacies for their training and future clinical practice. The results provide insights of dichotomous perspectives among nursing students regarding their need to acquire academic literacies. Some of the students convey a resistant and sceptical view of adding academic education to nursing training. Others acknowledge the requirement of being academically literate, a competence sometimes hard-won. However, in their struggles, teacher guidance was requested; an appeal that needs to be met with creative solutions. Repetitive approaches by teachers combined with the use of student initiatives are proposed to enable improved academic literacy levels among the students.
Chitosan, Its Derivatives, Sources, Preparation Methods, and Applications: A Review
Authors: HEMMAMI Hadia , BEN AMOR Ilham , BEN AMOR Asma , ZEGHOUD Soumeia , AHMED Shakeel , ALHAMAD Ali Alnazza
Published: January 2024

Chitosan is a type of biopolymer that can be derived from various natural sources, including animals and marine organisms. When determining its quality, molecular weight, crystallinity, and degree of deacetylation of chitosan are considered. Biocompatibility, bioadhesive, solubility, and polycationic character are all based on these traits. Chitosan’s characteristics make it a good and appealing material for a variety of physical and chemical alterations. This review talks about the structure of chitosan and its properties. It also covers how chitosan is extracted from different sources. Special emphasis is placed on its utilization in the formation of metallic nanoparticles, drug delivery, and wastewater treatment.
Determination of Limonene Chirality in Oils Obtained from Different Types of Citrus Waste Peels in Türkiye
Authors: Güzel Barış , Canlı Oltan , Yüce Beyza , Murat Hocaoglu Selda
Published: January 2024

Limonene constitutes a significant amount in citrus oils. It has a chiral structure and has two different optically active isomers, R-limonene and S-limonene, which are symmetrical to each other. Determining the chiral configurations of limonene plays an important role in determining the beneficial use areas of essential oils. Citrus oils are used in a wide variety of industrial areas, depending on their limonene content. This paper presents the analytical method optimization, validation, and chirality studies of limonene in the citrus oils acquired from different citrus waste peels in Türkiye. An inlet temperature of 250 °C and an injection volume of 2 µL were decided as the optimal conditions for the most accurate measurement of both limonenes in the citrus oil. This method produced results for linearity, sensitivity (LODs and LOQs), repeatability, and reproducibility that were acceptable within the scope of the validation studies. The chirality of limonene was investigated in twenty-six citrus oils (fifteen orange oils, six lemon oils, four mandarin oils, and one grapefruit oil) in Türkiye. While the content of R-limonene in orange oil varied between 56.39% and 72.85%, the content of S-limonene changed from 2.53% to 5.71%. Whereas the constituent of R-limonene in lemon oils ranged from 54.73% to 73.99%, the content of S-limonene varied between 3.78-4.79%. In mandarin oils, the content of R-limonene was determined to be 58.02% and 65.05%, while the content of S-limonene was found as 3.05% and 4.87%. In single grapefruit oil, R-limonene content was 60.69% and S-limonene content was 3.12%.
Traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis: A case report
Authors: Movrin Igor
Published: January 2024

Purpose: Here, we report the diagnosis and management of a patient with a traumatic lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, a rare clinical entity that is characterized by unilateral or bilateral facet dislocations causing displacement at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra in relation to the sacrum. 

Case presentation: We report a case of a traumatic L5-S1 unilateral lumbosacral dislocation. Based on the preoperative CT and MRI findings, the patient sustained a right-side unilateral L5–S1 subluxation with an L5 right inferior articular process fracture, a torn anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior ligamentous complex, and L5-S1 disc protrusion. Decompression, reduction with L4, L5, S1 pedicular screw fixation, L5-S1 disc excision, and interbody cage insertion were performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and returned to his previous activities 6 months after surgery.
In-hospital bleeding occurring while treating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kvartuh Matej , Lah Domen , Marinšek Martin , Šuran David , Sinkovič Andreja
Published: January 2024

Pursose. Our purpose was to evaluate less well known factors and outcome associated to bleeding in STEMI patients after primary PCI and concomitant antithrombotic therapy during Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods. This was a retrospective, observational study of the prevalence and factors associated to hospital bleeding in 317 STEMI patients (74.8% men, mean age 65.7±11.9 years) and of the impact of bleeding on 30-day and 6-month survival in STEMI patients during the Covid-19 pandemic from January-October 2021. The leading reperfusion strategy was primary PCI; we registered all significant bleeding events. 

Results: Concomittant Covid-19 was observed in 3.2% of STEMI patients. Primary PCI was performed in 94.3% of all cases, but only in 17% within the first 3 hours of chest pain. Bleeding was observed in 11.4% of all STEMI patients and was associated significantly with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), hospital complications and mortality. In bleeding and nonbleeding patients the prevalence of age, sex, comorbidities, Covid-19 cases, the use and start of primary PCI was similar.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hospital bleeding in treatment of STEMI patients during Covid-19 pandemic was 11.4% and was associated significantly to OHCA, hospital complications and early mortality of STEMI patients.
Borrelial lymphocytoma of the areola in a 9-year-old boy: a case report
Authors: Arko Darja , Kavalar Rajko , Takač Iztok , Čas Sikošek Nina , Gavrić Lovrec Vida
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study presents a rare skin manifestation of Lyme borreliosis, specifically affecting the areola in a child in the absence of a history of a tick bite or erythema migrans. 

Case report: A 9-year-old boy presented with symptomless erythematous swelling of the breast areola for one month. Initial treatment for gynecomastia and then mastitis proved ineffective. A biopsy was performed, with histological findings revealing lymphocytoma, likely stemming from an insect bite. Serology for Borrelia burgdorferi was positive. Following a two-week course of oral amoxicillin, the lesion completely resolved. 

Conclusion: The consideration of Lyme disease should be a component of the differential diagnosis of skin lesions localised in typical areas, particularly in patients living in endemic regions.
Myocutaneous bipedicled flap, a free tarsoconjunctival graft, and a free skin graft for reconstruction of subtotal upper lid defects
Authors: Šarenac Tomislav
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To evaluate and present the outcomes of a single-step approach using a free tarsoconjunctival graft, a myocutaneous bipedicled flap, and a free skin graft for the reconstruction of subtotal upper eyelid defects following tumor excision. 

Methods: This retrospective case series involved four patients who underwent upper eyelid reconstruction after tumor surgery. The defect affected 50%─75% and > 75% of the eyelid in two patients each. Among the latter patients, the lateral and medial canthus were involved in one patient each. The posterior lamella was reconstructed using the contralateral upper eyelid tarsoconjunctival graft, which was attached to the levator muscle at the site of the defect. The levator was weakened and elongated using small myotomies in one patient. The anterior lamella was reconstructed with a myocutaneous bipedicled flap based laterally and medially, leaving an exposed area beneath the brow, which was covered with a free skin graft.  

Results: The patients had successful non-necrotizing healing and achieved satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. None of the patients developed clinically significant lagophthalmos, which would have required lubrication. Normal levator function was achieved in all patients. Two patients required additional surgery to repair pseudotrichiasis. 

Conclusion: Subtotal upper eyelid defects could be effectively reconstructed using a combination of a free tarsoconjunctival graft, a bipedicled myocutaneous flap, and a free skin graft. Two-step procedures could be avoided in most cases by using this method.
Manipulacija trga finančnih instrumentov z uporabo spletnih platform
Authors: Lango Melanija , Šepec Miha
Published: January 2024

Prispevek analizira učinkovitosti veljavne zakonodaje na področju naraščajoče grožnje tehnološkega manipuliranja na trgu finančnih instrumentov v ZDA in Sloveniji. Nedavna manipulacije delnice GameStopa, ki je bila aprila 2020 vredna le 2,80 dolarja, po ravnanju špekulantov na forumu Reddit pa se je njen tečaj povzpel za skoraj 700 odstotkov, je opozorila na sivo cono v pravnem sistemu ZDA. Ravnanje odpira vprašanje, ali dogovarjanje na spletnih forumih, kot je Reddit, sploh izpolnjuje znake kaznivega dejanja tržne manipulacije in ali bi morali moderatorji spletnih forumov omejiti tovrstno komunikacijo. Trenutno veljavna zakonodaja EU za razliko od ZDA deluje preventivno pred prenapihnjenostjo tečajev delnic s samodejnimi sistemi. Ti namreč začasno ustavijo trgovanje z vrednostnimi papirji, ki na seji narastejo za 10 odstotkov, in nato spet pri prirastu za 5 odstotkov. Vendar varovala niso vedno dovolj, pomembna je tudi učinkovita in jasna zakonodaja, ki odvrača tovrstno manipulacijo in varuje celovitost trga finančnih instrumentov.
Prestopništvo žrtev družinskega nasilja
Authors: Gregorič Nataša
Published: January 2024

Avtorica obravnava problematiko prestopniških ravnanj mladostnikov, žrtev družinskega nasilja. Ugotavlja, da nasilni vzorec, pridobljen v primarni družini, žrtev pogosto prenese na svoje potomce, tako da se z izkušnjo nasilja običajno srečuje tudi več generacij. Pogosto se dogaja celo, da žrtve družinskega nasilja, prav zaradi izkušnje s slednjim, konvergirajo v nasilne mladostnike. Težko izkustvo družinskega nasilja slednje manifestirajo skozi prestopniška ravnanja in delinkventna dejanja in s temi širšo družbeno skupnost posredno opozarjajo nase in na problem posledic družinskega nasilja. S sprejetjem različnih ukrepov ter z ustrezno zakonodajno ureditvijo lahko pojav nasilja ter posledično mladoletniškega prestopništva zmanjšamo ali omejimo. Obravnava mladoletnih prestopnikov/deviantov mora biti namreč usmerjena v pomoč, vzgojo in prevzgojo mladoletnikov. Potrebne pa so tudi spremembe v smeri še večje individualizacije obravnave mladoletnikov, večjega poudarka alternativnim načinom obravnavanja in doslednejšega spoštovanja procesnih garancij mladoletnikov pri njihovem obravnavanju.
Pravica do placente – odprta pravna vprašanja
Authors: Kraljić Suzana
Published: January 2024

Placenta predstavlja v času nosečnosti ključen organ za razvoj fetusa. Placenta je imela oz. še vedno ima v določeni kulturah velik, predvsem spiritualni pomen. Da pa lahko porodnica sledi izpolnitvi morebitnega duhovnega namena, je potrebna izročitev placente, ki pa odpira mnoga pravna in etična vprašanja. Države so k reševanju teh vprašanj pristopile različno. Nekatere uvrščajo placento striktno med patološke odpadke, medtem ko druge omogočajo, da se placenta na zahtevo izroči porodnici. Avtorica v članku podaja prikaz ritualov, povezanih s placento, placentofagije ter pravni položaj placente po ločitvi od matere v slovenski in izbranih tujih ureditvah. V iskanju odgovora na odprta pravna vprašanja in etične dileme podaja primerjalnopravne rešitve v izbranih pravnih ureditvah.
Odškodninska odgovornost zdravnika in terapevtska svoboda
Authors: Samec Berghaus Nataša
Published: January 2024

V prispevku se po kriterijih, ki se uporabljajo v odškodninskih sporih v Sloveniji, kjer se ugotavlja, ali je prišlo do zdravniške napake pri uporabi določene metode konvencionalne medicine, analizira, ali (in kdaj) lahko pomeni zdravnikova uporaba posamezne metode nekonvencionalne medicine zdravniško napako in posledično tudi morebitno odškodninsko odgovornost zdravnika zaradi kršitev medicinskih standardov. Navedeno vprašanje je povezano z razumevanjem pojma terapevtska svoboda in terminologijo s področja nekonvencionalne medicine. Ker ne obstajajo pravila za »pravilno zdravljenje« posameznika, tudi ni mogoče postaviti splošnih pravil glede napačnega ravnanja pri izbiri metode zdravljenja. Bistveno pri zdravnikovem postopku odločanja in tehtanja glede uporabe metode nekonvencionalne medicine je, da je ravnal s skrbnostjo strokovnjaka dobrega zdravnika in opravil ustrezno pojasnilno dolžnost v zvezi z izbiro metode zdravljenja ter v tem okviru tudi upošteval pacientovo voljo in njegovo pravico do soodločanja.
Organizacija javne oblasti v državah članicah EU: je nacionalna institucionalna avtonomija samo mit?
Authors: Ferčič Aleš
Published: January 2024

V prispevku so obravnavane meje nacionalne institucionalne avtonomije, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri organizaciji javne oblasti v državah članicah EU. Obravnavane so zlasti v kontekstu vertikalne delitve pristojnosti, glavno vprašanje pa je, katera načela in pravila je treba upoštevati pri oblastnem določanju pristojnosti regionalnih in lokalnih oblasti, torej v okviru organizacije regionalne in lokalne samouprave. Avtor upošteva posebno naravo in značilnosti EU in njenega prava, vključno z načeli, ki so bistvenega pomena, ter evropeizacijo javnega prava. V tej zvezi utemelji stališče, da kljub uveljavitvi načela nacionalne institucionalne avtonomije v sodni praksi, in kljub določbi PEU o spoštovanju nacionalne identitete, ki je neločljivo povezana s temeljnimi političnimi in ustavnimi strukturami držav članic, vključno z regionalno in lokalno samoupravo, njihova avtonomija na tem področju ni absolutna. Zato meni, da je lahko v opisanem kontekstu uporaba pojma »avtonomija« nehote zavajajoča in namesto njega predlaga uporabo pojma »pristojnost« držav članic.
Meddržavne tožbe kot sredstvo uveljavljanja erga omnes partes obveznosti iz EKČP
Authors: Jakšić Jure
Published: January 2024

Prispevek obravnava erga omnes partes vidik obveznosti iz EKČP v luči meddržavnih tožb po 33. členu kot enega izmed načinov uveljavljanja teh obveznosti. Gre za obveznosti do vseh članic posamezne mednarodne organizacije ali do vseh pogodbenic posamezne mednarodne pogodbe. Kršitev teh obveznosti lahko uveljavljajo vse članice mednarodne organizacije ali vse pogodbenice mednarodne pogodbe, med drugim tudi tiste, ki s kršitvijo niso neposredno prizadete. Meddržavne tožbe po 33. členu EKČP predstavljajo mehanizem, ki pogodbenicam omogoča tožbo proti drugim pogodbenicam, ki kršijo konvencijske pravice. Primarni namen teh postopkov ni reševanje nasprotja nacionalnih interesov držav članic, temveč zagotovitev spoštovanja pravnega reda. Država je namreč aktivno legitimirana za vložitev tožbe ne glede na obstoj predhodnega spora z državo toženko in ne glede na kršitev njenega neposrednega interesa s strani države toženke. V prispevku je med drugim predlagana sprememba obstoječe ureditve, ki bo zasledovala učinkovitost obravnavanega postopka.