bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas de seguridad en Córdoba: comunidad y policiamiento territorial en el Plan Integral de Seguridad Ciudadana
Authors: Caccia Ana-Clara , Avalle Gerardo
Published: July 2024

El siguiente artículo analiza la construcción discursiva que se generó en torno al Plan Integral de Seguridad Ciudadana y Prevención del Delito en la provincia de Córdoba, anunciado por el gobernador Juan Schiaretti en 2016, apenas asumió su nuevo mandato. Estudia diferentes discursos enunciados por funcionarios públicos y por el gobernador, registrados como partes de prensa en la página oficial de la administración provincial. Se abordó, de manera global y local, cada uno de los discursos, en su estructura textual y en la construcción semántica del término política de seguridad. Al mismo tiempo, da cuenta de las prácticas discursivas y sociales que esos enunciados habilitan, desplazan, o contradicen en relación con las representaciones que se tiene de la seguridad. Se ponen de manifiesto tres aspectos presentes en el Plan: la idea de comunidad y de participación ciudadana, la configuración socio-espacial que se produjo en la ciudad de Córdoba y el policiamiento del territorio, con especial énfasis en la creación de la Policía Barrial.
Aleksei Losev on Plotinus' treatise «On Numbers»
Authors: Oppo Andrea ,   Pontifical Faculty of Theology of Sardinia (PFTS)
Published: July 2024

This article considers the historical and philosophical activity of A.F. Losev – an original thinker of the twentieth century. The author’s investigation focuses on Losev’s work “The Dialectics of Number in Plotinus” (1928). The translation, commentary and analysis of Plotinus’s treatise “On Numbers” (“Ennead” VI.6) are considered only as an example of A.F. Losev’s activity as a historian of philosophy, which reveals the depth of his historical and philosophical thought.
Rhythmic structure of Aleksei F. Losev’s texts
Authors: Azarova N.M. ,   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The present article considers rhythm as the basis of the structure of Losev’s philosophical works. His understanding of rhythm is traced both as on the basis of his own thought as in the broad context of philosophical and linguistic concepts of rhythm, in particular, in connection with various kinds of poetic recitation widespread in the 20th century. The author shows how the rhythmic organization of the text represents itself in Losev’s works, and enumerates the main formal techniques of such organization (repetition, enumeration, anaphora, syntactic parallelism, euphony, syntactic transposition etc.). The study of these formal elements allows the author not only to describe Losev’s style, but also to clarify the similarity between the rhythmic organization of his own philosophical works and the poetic texts of the first half of the 20th century written in free verse (first of all, the author considers Daniil Kharms’ poems). The method of organizing texts by means of a sequence of negative definitions (apophatic) was also analyzed in the article; the main formal and substantive features of such texts are outlined and described.
Daily Stressors Questionnaire for Adolescents
Authors: Golovey L.A. , Galasheva O.S.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of the development and testing of psychodiagnostic tools designed to study adolescents’ perception of everyday stress. Everyday stress is an integral part of life in the modern world, and teenagers can be especially vulnerable to everyday stressors. Despite a growing body of research, there is a lack of necessary tools to identify stressful areas in adolescents' daily lives. The article presents research materials obtained from a sample of 555 adolescents, 339 girls and 216 boys aged 13 to 17 years. Validization included a preliminary survey of adolescents, compiling a list of stressors in the everyday life of adolescents, factoring stressors and identifying zones of stress intensity, interpreting the data obtained, assessing zones of everyday stress and convergent validity. As a result, a questionnaire on daily stress for adolescents was developed and tested; zones of everyday stress were identified, including both spheres of the external environment and internal life: “Loneliness, health”, “Self-attitude”, “Rejection”, “Fears, anxieties”, “School, study”, “Communication with elders”, “Affairs, planning”, “Finance”, “Mystical fears”. The results of the analysis showed high consistency of the Questionnaire factors.
Student Academic Competence Questionnaire
Authors: Merkulova O.P.
Published: July 2024

The results of the development and standardization of an academic competence questionnaire are presented. The method is based on the understanding of academic competence as a complex of independently developed personal qualities, abilities and skills that ensure the success of educational activities in conditions of its variability during higher education. The theoretical model includes 6 structural and content components (academic motivation, self-organization of educational activities, emotional self-regulation, skills and abilities to work with information, proficiency in oral and written language, communication skills), presented at 3 levels of generality and freedom of transformation (reproductive, reflective, functional). Based on the results of Study 1 (N=199), the preliminary version of the questionnaire was reduced from 144 to 69 items. Comparing the results of successful and unsuccessful students confirmed predictive validity. External criterion validity using the contrast group method is based on comparison of groups of undergraduate and graduate students, correlations with self-organization and academic motivation questionnaires (AMS). Study 2 (N=355) demonstrated a relatively acceptable fit of the data to the theoretical model based on confirmatory factor analysis, consistency with educational experience questionnaire scales. The internal consistency of the scales was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha indicators based on data from studies 1 and 2. Descriptive statistics for Study 2 are provided. Standardization is proposed based on percentile values, because the distributions of values for most scales differ significantly from normal.
Improving Pedestrian Dynamics Predictions Using Neighboring Factors
Authors: Dang Huu-Tu , Gaudou Benoit , Verstaevel Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Predicting pedestrian dynamics is a complex task as pedestrian speed is influenced by various external factors. This study investigates neighboring factors that can be used to improve pedestrian walking speed prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios. Different factors are proposed, including Mean Distance, Time-to-Collision, and Front Effect, and data for each factor is extracted from different public datasets. The collected data at time t is used to train a neural network to predict the pedestrian walking speed at time t + ∆t. Predictions are evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error. Our results demonstrate that incorporating the Front Effect significantly improves prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios, whereas the Mean Distance factor only proves effective in high-density cases. On the other hand, no significant improvement is observed when considering the Time-to-Collision factor. These preliminary findings can be utilized to enhance the accuracy of pedestrian dynamics predictions by incorporating these factors as additional features within the model.
Impact of Global Trade Dynamics on the United States Rubber Industry
Authors: Natakam Vineel Mouli , Nizamuddin Md. , Tejani Jayadip GhanshyamBhai , Yarlagadda Vamsi Krishna , Sachani Dipakkumar Kanubhai , Karanam Raghunath Kashyap
Published: July 2024

This study looks at how global trade dynamics affect the rubber business in the United States, emphasizing how supply chain adaptation, trade regulations, and market trends affect industry competitiveness and prospects in the future. The study's primary goals are to evaluate supply chain adaptation techniques, examine potential future growth opportunities for the industry, and explore how trade policies affect market competitiveness. To acquire information about international trade trends and their consequences for the rubber business in the United States, a thorough examination of secondary data sources, such as government publications, industry reports, and scholarly journals, was conducted. The impact of globalization on trade patterns, the necessity of supply chain resilience through technology adoption and strategic partnerships, and the role of innovation and sustainability in boosting industry competitiveness are among the key conclusions. The policy implications underscore the necessity of equitable trade rules that foster transparency, minimize trade obstacles, and allocate resources toward technology and sustainable practices to bolster sector resilience. The research highlights the significance of cooperative endeavors between industry participants and policymakers in cultivating a favorable trade atmosphere for the sustainable economic growth of the rubber sector in the United States.
Spontaneous rupture of uterine during pregnancy after laparoscopic myomectomy: A case report
Authors: Batebi Atefe , Khanjani Somayeh
Published: July 2024

The danger of future uterine rupture is a serious concern for women who become pregnant after uterine leiomyomectomy or adenomyomectomy, despite the fact that these procedures are commonly used to alleviate symptoms like dysmenorrhea or hypermenorrhea and improve fertility. Although it happens very infrequently, uterine rupture is the most dreaded pregnancy complication and is linked to a high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case of spontaneous uterine rupture during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Persona, uma Ferramenta do Marketing Digital nas Metodologias de Ensino: Segmentar para Valorizar as Diferenças
Authors: Lessa Marcia Magno
Published: July 2024

A Personalização do Ensino, método apontado como uma das mais fortes tendências da Educação contemporânea, visa uma série de estratégias pedagógicas, voltadas a promover o desenvolvimento dos estudantes de maneira individualizada, levando em consideração que os alunos aprendem de formas e em ritmos diferentes e que também são diversos seus conhecimentos prévios, competências e interesses. O que essa pesquisa propõe é uma adaptação da ferramenta Persona, utilizada com sucesso no marketing digital para aproximar as empresas de seu público-alvo, para o campo da Educação, contribuindo com a divulgação e implementação da Personalização do Ensino. Para tal, utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa a partir de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, fazendo análises de alguns conceitos multidisciplinares do marketing digital, da psicologia e da pedagogia para demonstrar a viabilidade e relevância da proposta. O artigo demonstra que a utilização da ferramenta Persona pode contribuir para a inovação no campo das metodologias de ensino, tanto em termos de práticas pedagógicas quanto no desenvolvimento de novas abordagens para a aprendizagem telemática, impactando o relacionamento aluno-professor com o planejamento do ensino direcionado e processos de avaliação personalizados. Portanto é possível acessar informações relevantes e utilizar técnicas mais inclusivas que tornem o ambiente de ensino mais isonômico e atraente.
Palavras-chave: Engajamento. Ensino. Marketing. Persona. Telemática.
Educação em Engenharia em Contexto não Presencial: Podcasts, Aprendizagem Ativa e a Abordagem da Educação Online
Authors: Santos Carolina Maia dos , Assumpção Georgia de Souza , Castro Alexandre de Carvalho
Published: July 2024

O presente trabalho é resultado de ações realizadas em um curso de Engenharia de Produção de uma instituição de ensino no Brasil, envolvendo disciplinas que foram estruturadas para aplicação no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial, durante o período de pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo do artigo é analisar a proposta didática que, a partir dos princípios da educação online, se inspirou no Team Based Learning para a elaboração de mídias digitais – podcasts - como um modelo de ensino-aprendizagem que se aparta de perspectivas mais tradicionais. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e exploratória, desenvolvida através de um estudo de caso que envolve relações e fatores previamente existentes. As disciplinas foram organizadas em momentos síncronos e assíncronos, com tarefas individuais e em equipe. Os estudantes realizaram discussões para a elaboração de podcasts baseados em artigos científicos, sendo também levados a participar ativamente do seu processo de avaliação da aprendizagem. Foi possível concluir que o modelo discutido impulsiona a aprendizagem ativa, através da elaboração de atividades autorais em equipes, aprimoramento do pensamento crítico e da criatividade dos estudantes. A relevância deste estudo se destaca para além do período de Ensino Remoto Emergencial já que o modelo se distancia de uma perspectiva de transmissão de conteúdo e considera as exigências trazidas pelas novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para as Engenharias. Ademais é aplicável a contextos de educação presencial e não presencial, contribuindo para a necessidade de refletir sobre os processos de ensino-aprendizagem mediados por tecnologia nesses cursos no Brasil. 
 
Palavras-chave: Educação em engenharia. Educação online. TBL. Podcast. Pandemia.
“A Darker Story”: Two Shakespeares, Art, and History in Emmerich’s Anonymous
Authors: Semple Edel
Published: July 2024

Emmerich’s Anonymous (2011) infamously splits the character of Shakespeare into two disparate figures. In its alternative Tudor past, the ‘real’ Shakespeare – the Earl of Oxford – and Elizabeth I embark on a lifelong relationship that has shocking consequences for history and literature. The film’s other Shakespeare is the actor Will, who acts as the front for Oxford. Over the course of the film, Will is revealed to be a dangerous buffoon; he is boorish, near-illiterate, fame-hungry, and homicidal. While the film packages itself as a fresh take on Shakespeare’s biography, for all its revolutionary fervour it borrows much from Shakespeare in Love, and draws on the conspiracy thriller, period drama, blockbuster, and biopic. The film presents itself as conscious not only of its cinematic ancestry, but of dramatic and theatrical history. In this article, I demonstrate that Anonymous projects a coherent trajectory for Elizabeth’s reign that is mapped onto Shakespeare’s creative process and his plays – from the youthful magic of Dream to the decayed tragedy of Hamlet – and in doing so adapts and appropriates the Tudor past to serve a range of socio-political aims. Finally, I will connect the film’s author-hero to the film’s director through an examination of the film trailer and poster, and especially Emmerich’s propagandist video “Ten Reasons Why William Shakespeare is a Fraud”. Like the film, these paratexts aim to unseat Shakespeare as literary god, but they also reveal how Anonymous is deeply invested in appropriating Shakespeare’s authority, as well as his economic and cultural capital. Ultimately, I argue that Anonymous and its paratexts seek to deconstruct Shakespeare as icon in order to reshape our present and stimulate debate over the value and meaning of art in the twenty-first century.
An Examination of Talal Asad's Thought in Anthropological Studies on the Islamic Community of the Sasak Tribe of Lombok
Authors: Sari Ramadanita , Rodiah Ita , Fauzi Ahmad , Jaya Bahari Lalu Pradipta
Published: July 2024

The island of Lombok is inhabited by the Sasak tribe with the majority of the people being Muslim. This island is located in the small Sunda range in the central region of Indonesia. The Sasak tribe as the original inhabitants of the island of Lombok, which is also nicknamed the island of a thousand mosques, has a variety of unique religious traditions and rituals that we can only find on the island of Lombok. so many traditions in Lombok itself are still closely related to Islam. As well as the maulidan tradition, Lebaran ketupat, and several other traditions. Discussions related to Islamic tradition have been studied by many figures in the world, one of which is Talal Asad. It should also be noted that Talal Asad has criticized the textualization of social life, his work has shifted analysis through behavioral interpretation and towards an investigation into the relationship of practice with what he calls "discursive tradition." Asad introduced this concept in his intervention into Islamic anthropology but also linked it to several fields (anthropology, religious studies, postcolonial studies, critical theory) concerned with ethics and religion in modernity. Through this article, the author would like to invite readers to jointly understand the context of Islamic anthropology based on customs, traditions, and the writings of figures such as Talal Asad. This article is expected to be able to provide education to the public regarding Islam on the island of Lombok, then the history of Islam on the island of Lombok, customs, traditions, and its review based on Talal Asad's anthropology.
Implications of Hamka’s thoughts in tafsir al-Azhar on the standpoint of Islamic social organizations in preventing authoritarianism in Indonesia
Authors: Shomad Bukhori Abdul , Mujahidin Anwar , Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: July 2024

Indonesian Islamic social organizations not only function as religious organizations but they serve as interest groups as well. Islamic social organizations are often faced with a dilemma of engaging in practical political matters or otherwise. This study analyzes thoughts and practices relating to the relationship between Islamic social organizations and the state. Study data were mined from Hamka’s thoughts in his seminal work Tafsir al-Azhar and historical documents of Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia – MUI) during the early period of the New Order, i.e., 1970-1980. The research questions posed in this study refer to how did Hamka interpret Qur’anic verses containing messages regarding the relationship between society and state and what are their implications on the practices of Indonesian Islamic social organizations in their relational dynamics with the state. Study results indicate that Hamka’s thoughts in Tafsir al-Azhar consider syura (deliberation) as a determinant in the relationship between society and state, and distinction between state and religious authority. The implications that Hamka’s thoughts had on the standpoint of Muhammadiyah as an Islamic social organization was its ability to separate itself from its political party affiliation. Muhammadiyah until 1960s was a special member of the Masyumi party.  Following its separation with the Masyumi party, Muhammadiyah became an independent non-government civil institution that is critical of the state. As a civil institution, Muhammadiyah succeeded in playing its role as a civil society organization (CSO) and keeping the political regime to develop into an authoritarian and repressive state.
Machine translation in hindsight
Authors: Dyomochkina Viktoriya V. ,   Military University, Gruzdev Dmitry Yu. , Lukyanova Elena V. ,   Military University,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: July 2024

The paper expands on the analysis of key projects adoring the machine translation (MT) hall of fame and their role in addressing practical tasks. The most successful initiatives suggest that the fledgling MT was contingent on the level of entropy, a.k.a. random nature of natural languages: the lower the indicator, the higher the predictability of the text, and by implication the efficiency of the system. It accounts for the success of the first Georgetown-IBM experiment and Canada’s METEO-1. The letter grew into a full-fledged system that for almost a quarter of the 20th century, provided English-French-English translations of weather bulletins, boasting high language predictability. Although, in between them the 1964 ALPAC report sowed a seed of doubt of the MT validity, it never aimed at killing the research area at all. On the contrary, it highlighted technics and applications, where the technology had demonstrated promising results, including raw MT, post-edited MT, and M-AT. The authors note a cyclic nature of the development of MT-powered methods and technologies. Today’s combination of resources and the way they are used are different very little from those employed in the past century. What makes them stand apart is the maturity of MT technologies, which made it through rulebased, direct, corpus-based, and knowledge-based translation to SMT and eventually to NMT. It has been established that the improved performance comes at a cost of more elaborate and larger data sets, tagged, marked up and annotated for automated use in language models. Taking advantage of these as well as artificial intelligence (AI), the authors venture into modeling basic text processing scenarios in a bilingual environment. This results in recommendations as to future paths for the improvement of MT technologies in the hands of professional translators by fine-tuning language models individually and pursuing post-editing (PEMT) and pre-editing practices paving the way for more complex transformations and lower equivalence levels.
The problem of implementing the principle of semantic rationality in theological research
Authors: Sedankina Tatyana E. ,   Russian Islamic Institute
Published: July 2024

The article attempts to comprehend the possibility and necessity of implementing the “Principle of Semantic Rationality” in the course of conducting theological research. First, the problem of interpretation of religious terms is raised, formulated in the process of centuries-old theological research, transformed over time, sometimes acquiring opposite (contradictory) meanings. Attention is drawn to the specifics of working with terms that have existential meanings, characterized by some blurring of terminological boundaries, differences in their understanding (interpretation) not only in everyday and religious meanings, but also within the same religion, which causes significant disagreements leading to the emergence of different directions and schools As one example of the ambiguity of interpretation, examples of terminological contradictions in the definition of the concepts of soul (nafs) and spirit (ruh) in the Islamic theological tradition are given. The work provides a brief overview of three groups of encyclopedic and explanatory dictionaries recommended to help the theologian. The first group includes publications covering directly Islamic topics, the second group contains information concerning other religions, and the third group includes religious studies publications that are non-confessional in nature. In conclusion, it is noted that despite the presence of a significant number of authoritative encyclopedic publications, questions of multivariate interpretation of religious terms remain, which, on the one hand, complicates the research process, and on the other hand, stimulates reflection on their deep meanings.
Falsification of history as an ontological and epistemological problem
Authors: Balakhonsky Vitaly V. ,   St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Strelchenko Vasily I. , Balakhonskaya Lyudmila V. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

In the modern world, the practice of falsifying events of the past and present is becoming widespread, due to the desire to justify one’s own political, ideological, philosophical and economic interests. This article provides a theoretical analysis of socio-ontological determination and epistemological and methodological means of falsifying interpretations of the historical process. The novelty of the research approach proposed by the authors lies in the integrative nature of the methodology used, which makes it possible to clarify the relationship between the socio-political causes that generate a conscious distortion of history and the choice of cognitive methods and means of carrying out this falsification. As a result of the conducted research, the following results were obtained: 1) the ontological basis for falsifying history is the desire of certain political forces to form in the public consciousness a politically, ideologically or economically determined form of perception of the past, distorting the real picture of what happened; 2) the most important epistemological and methodological means of falsifying history are: deformation of the epistemological strategy of research search, consisting in replacing the scientific understanding of truth as the goal of the cognitive process with diverse forms of subjectively justified probabilistic interpretations; inadequate perception of the significance of certain events or the role of the activities of historical characters; inconsistency of the elements of explanance with the type of explanation, which can create an illusory "understanding" of the phenomenon in question, and not the disclosure of its essence; substitution of the substantiating provisions of historical explanation, which occupy a higher place in the evidentiary hierarchy, for provisions with less evidentiary force; 3) a classification of forms of explanation of history is proposed, depending on their evidentiary force in the procedure of historical explanation (historical law, sociological law, law of socio-historical psychology, provisions on specific conditions for the implementation of these laws).
Roerich Heritage in Caucasian Culture
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir L. ,   ARS Center for Cultural and Scientific Projects
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the main periods and places of actualizing the Roerich heritage in the Caucasian culture. The study of Caucasian culture by the Roerich scholars in a historical perspective is presented in this context. The author attributes the Roerichs' acquaintance with Caucasian culture to the end of the 19th century and describes both the references to the Caucasus in the Roerichs' works and epistolary materials, revealing the most significant cultural treasures of the Caucasus, and Nicholas Roerich' artistic works on the Caucasian theme. The article presents an in-depth study of the Caucasus by two generations of the Roerich family, who promoted the idea of the special significance of the Caucasus for Russia. The author focuses on the places where Nicholas Roerich's paintings and art objects from the collection of the Roerich family are kept in private and museum collections in the Caucasus, Crimea and southern Russia. The Roerich family made a significant contribution to the study of Caucasian culture by making several trips to the Caucasus during the so-called "Russian" period of its existence. The article summarizes the interim results of the cultural, educational and exhibition project "The Roerichs and the Caucasus" organized by the St. Petersburg State Museum-Institute of the Roerich Family with the support of a number of cultural institutions and public associations of the Caucasus and St. Petersburg.
Prospects for the development of sacred tourism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Omarkozhayeva Asem N. ,   K. Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Yardyakova Irina V. , Zhunusova Aliya A. ,   K. Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business,   K. Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business
Published: July 2024

The tourism industry, in addition to being one of the constituent parts of the economy and the main elements of the country, also carries a powerful potential for introducing tourists to the values of the country's natural and cultural heritage. In this regard, the development of sacred places in Kazakhstan as a priority area for the promotion of tourist services is becoming relevant. The need for research is due to the presence of a number of scientific issues related to the promotion of sacred sites in Kazakhstan, including the level of satisfaction of tourists with the services offered, the problems of travel agencies in promoting tourist services, the study of key prerequisites for the development of domestic sacred tourism and methods for assessing the potential of sacred sites in Kazakhstan as a vector for the promotion of tourist services.
Methods of embedding control information in images
Authors: Chursin Dmitry Sergeevich ,   «CENTERPROGRAMSYSTEM» LLC
Published: July 2024

The paper discusses various methods of steganography used to embed control information in digital images. The main focus is on the principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages of each method. Classical and modern methods such as LSD, FT, PVD, MPVD, DCT, S-UNIWARD, WOW, HUGO and Steghide are considered. Their resistance to steganalysis, steganographic capacity and computational complexity are analyzed. Understanding these methods makes it possible to increase the efficiency and safety of using steganographic techniques in various practical tasks.
Potential protective effect of alpha lipoic acid against testicular oxidative stress and altered gene expression induced by gentamicin treatment
Authors: Elsawah Hozaifa K. ,   Benha University, Mokhimar Haitham M. , Kandiel Mohamed M. , Farid Ayman S. , El-Mahmoudy AbuBakr M. ,   Benha University,   Benha University,   Benha University,   Benha University
Published: July 2024

Background: Gentamicin induces testicular damage in association with oxidative stress explained by different mechanisms, including gene expression suppression of some antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the study: To investigate the potential protective effects of α-lipoic acid against gentamicininduced testicular oxidative stress in terms of altered gene expression. Materials and methods: A parallel experimental study was conducted including fifty adult male albino rats. The animals were grouped into five. The control group received intraperitoneal NaCl 0.9%, while the other groups received 36.5mg/kg/day intraperitoneal gentamicin. Group-1 received gentamicin only, group-2 received gentamicin + intraperitoneal α-lipoic acid 100mg/kg/day, group-3 received gentamicin + intraperitoneal α-lipoic acid 200mg/kg/day, and group-4 received gentamicin + oral vitamin E 100mg/kg/day. All treatments were given for 14 days. The animals were euthanized in two halves on the 15th and 60th days. Testes were immediately removed, frozen, and evaluated for oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results: Gentamicin increased malondialdehyde by mean difference ± standard error of 115.57 ± 2.18, decreased total antioxidant capacity by -9.23 ± 0.27, and decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities by -1.89 ± 0.45 and -11.77 ± 2.86, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, gentamicin downregulated gene expression of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. However, adding vitamin E or α-lipoic acid cured the oxidative stress and partially to completely upregulated the gene expression. Conclusion: Reversal of testicular oxidative and gene suppression associated with gentamicin could be achieved with α-lipoic acid co-treatment, which might be applied in human studies.
Assessment of the correction of neuroretinal changes using 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyltaurinate in the modeling of POAG
Authors: Efimenko Svetlana V. , Korokin Mikhail V. , Gudyrev Oleg S. , Danilenko Lyudmila M. , Korokina Liliya V. , Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Pokrovskaya Tatyana G. , Ulyanova Anastasia A. , Zhunusov Nikita S. , Kochergina Yana S. , Danilenko Anton P. , Peresypkina Anna A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) has been identified as a major risk factor for the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). However, the continued progression of POAG in some patients, despite the successful IOP reduction, indicates that IOP-independent mechanisms contribute to the development of optical neuropathy. Thus, it is relevant to further determine the molecular mechanisms of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death in order to develop therapeutic approaches independent of IOP in order to stop the progression of the disease. The aim: to research the correction possibility of experimental POAG induced by intracameral (i.c.)administration of hyaluronic acid using 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyltaurinate.
Materials and Methods: The study of the correction of neuroretinal changes on a model of POAG was carried out on Wistar rats. In order to correct POAG, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyltaurinate (EHMP-NAT) was used at doses of 27.5 mg/kg intramuscularly (i.m.) and 0.5 mg/kg instillationally. Further, the effectiveness of the combination of timolol eye drops with i.m. EHMP-NAT was studied. The effectiveness of the studied agents was evaluated on the 67th day of the experiment using ophthalmoscopic semi-quantitative assessment of the fundus condition, ocular tonometry, estimation of oxidative stress markers and markers involved in retinal apoptosis pathway using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: On the model of POAG, it was shown that 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium N-acetyltaurinate with the laboratory code EHMP-NAT has a pronounced neuro-, retinoprotectiveaction based on the data of ophthalmoscopy, semi-quantitative assessment of the fundus condition, ocular tonometry, estimation of oxidative stress markers (GSH, CAT, SOD) and markers involved in retinal apoptosis (BAX, BCL-2, Caspase-3). On the 67th day of the experiment, the results of a comprehensive analysis revealed that the combination of EHMP-NAT 27.5 mg/kg i.m. + timolol 0.04 mg/kg instillationally has a more pronounced protective effect than EHMP-NAT 27.5 mg/kg i.m. in monotherapy in the POAG model.
Conclusion: The data obtained indicate the need for the combined use of drugs with a hypotensive effect to normalize IOP with neuroretinoprotective agents in the correction of POAG.
The problem of deideologization: The social and value aspects (on the example of the modern youth environment)
Authors: Scriabina Elena V. ,   Ivanovo State Polytechnic University
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes the social and value aspects of the problem of deideologization (using the example of the modern youth environment). The reasons, essence and social consequences of the rejection of the state ideology (national idea) are considered. The work of deep social mechanisms, such as social self-awareness and social self-reflection, is investigated. Theoretical analysis. The complexity of the issue under consideration is revealed, the functions of the state ideology and the reasons for abandoning it in the post-Soviet space are clarified, the goals and objectives of the work are specified. The interrelation of deideologization with the disappearance of constructive moral and value orientations and the formation of a number of negative social trends is investigated. Empirical analysis. The empirical base, methods and methodology of the research are clarified. A direct correlation of deideologization with the variety of manifestations of social infantilism and the growing popularity of a number of antisocial movements and moods is revealed. Conclusion. It is shown that in the conditions of the course taken in the post-perestroika period towards the de-ideologization of the country, modern youth have modified moral and value ideals that are detrimental to both personal growth and the development of society as a whole. Conclusions are formulated according to which volunteer and other positive social activity are one of the most effective ways to overcome the negative consequences of deideologization.
Patterns of oculomotor activity during the perception of different art movements: Eye tracking study
Authors: Lazunina Ekaterina A. ,   Saratov State University, Zinchenko Ekaterina M. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2024

The introduction discusses the role of art in society. Art is one of the ways of learning and describing the world, and its role in the development of an integral personality is enormous. The theoretical analysis presents some research within the framework of neuroaesthetics. The choice of stimulus material for the study is discussed – paintings from five art movements: Realism, Impressionism, Modernism, Cubism, and Surrealism. It is suggested that in the process of viewing works of art from different movements, oculomotor activity (OMA) will be different. Empirical analysis showed differences in OMA parameters: blinking, fixations, and saccades, among students when they were presented with pictures of different art movements. It was found that the subjects showed emotional excitement while perceiving paintings from the Impressionist movement. Paintings of Modernism and Impressionism presented the least concentration of attention but the greatest interest. A high concentration of attention was observed during visual perception of realism pictures. The greatest cognitive load was detected at the time of presentation of cubist paintings. Rational perception and memory resources are more involved in the processing of Surreal pictures. In conclusion, the characteristic patterns of OMA in the perception of various art movements are noted. Research results may be useful in the practice of passive art therapy as part of psychoprophylaxis programs.
CLIL-approach to ESP training of practicing lawyers as part of the implementation of advanced training courses (experience of Financial University)
Authors: Morozova Anna L. ,   Financial university under the government of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Today, universities face the task of establishing cooperation with business, including in the field of creating language courses for advanced training within the framework of the transfer of educational technologies. The author presents a unique experience in the development of language training courses “English for lawyers” (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, 2023). Theoretical analysis. Conducting the comparative analysis of the problem allowed the author to conclude that the appeal to the CLIL-approach in ESP teaching through the tools of online pedagogy is justified. The client-oriented educational track constituted the uniqueness of this course. Empirical analysis. Consideration of the problem of using the CLIL-approach allowed us to identify the effectiveness of the selected methods: communicative, case study, inverted classroom, development of critical thinking, etc. in the field of ESP teaching. Conclusion. The use of the CLILapproach in the ESP training of practicing lawyers is effective and justified in terms of language proficiency development. Such courses allow one to see trends in the labor market and make appropriate adjustments to the educational tracks of universities.
Modern Philosophy of Law in the Context of the “Practical Turn” Strategy: Koziubra, M. I. (2024). Praktychna filosofiia prava [Practical Philosophy of Law]. Dukh i Litera
Authors: Tkachuk Maryna
Published: July 2024

Modern Philosophy of Law in the Context of the “Practical Turn” Strategy: Koziubra, M. I. (2024). Praktychna filosofiia prava [Practical Philosophy of Law]. Dukh i Litera
Friedrich Nietzsche’s Philosophy of Nihilism in the Posthumous Fragments (1885–1888)
Authors: Lyuty Taras
Published: July 2024

This article highlights the main principles of the Nietzschean view of nihilism. The analysis is focused on considering nihilism as a special approach to examination of the modern world. Nietzsche is positioning himself not only as a theorist or an investigator of cultural and anthropological symptoms of decadence, but also speaks as a prophet or a visionary. The article traces how Nietzsche gradually comes to the problem of dangerous nihilism. Already in his first significant work devoted to Greek tragedy he traces the tendencies of the decline of Western culture. Later on, the philosopher demonstrates that the origins of nihilism go back to the doctrine of true and false worlds in Platonism and this particular idea is the basis of the Christian moral doctrine. Nietzsche continues, as a result of the spread of the Judeo-Christian worldview, the ideals of hatred, resentment, bad conscience, and guilt are established, based on which the physical world is devalued. Therefore, the weakest forms of life are justified. This has a suggestive influence on all domains of culture: philosophy, science, art, literature, etc. Finally, a man turns into a possessor of the will to nonbeing. Nietzsche exposes different types of this nihilistic movement. His words ‘death of God’ become a figure of human loss of values that provided a person with meaning, purpose, and integrity. A tired and exhausted human being is disposed to pessimism as a symptom of nihilism. In Western society, substitutes for God—progress or collective happiness—are invented to save the situation. In contrast to this, Nietzsche’s active nihilism, which opposes passive nihilism—indifference and weakness that indicates trivial joys instead of the will to power—will be able to change the condition.
On Some Challenging Aspects in the Regulation of Civil Law Relations in the Tourism Market
Authors: Sergienko Sergey Yu. ,   Legal counsel at Geo, LLC, travel agency, Postgraduate Student of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines and Digital Law of the Moscow University, Grib Vladimir G. ,   Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines and Digital Law of the Moscow University for Industry and Finance Synergy
Published: July 2024

The article discusses topical problems related to the sale of a tourist product in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the practice of application of the current legislation by the courts. Attention is paid to the concept, type and nature of this phenomenon. The question is raised about the shortcomings of the legal definition of the term "tourist product", which to a large extent leads to law enforcement uncertainty. The author analyzes the issues of insufficient state participation in the regulation of civil law relations arising between tour operators and travel agents in the field of tourist services. The conclusions and recommendations can be used in judicial practice and serve as an impetus for improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The proposed proposals correspond to the purpose and objectives of the study.
Classifications of Personalities of Objects of Criminal Intelligence and Surveillance Control Performed by Internal Affairs Agencies
Authors: Babushkin Aleksandr A. ,   Head of Department 3 of Research Center No. 2 of the National Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article studies various approaches to the classification of persons prone to commit crimes being objects of criminal intelligence and surveillance control performed by internal affairs agencies. It is indicated that this classification can be based on a number of grounds; the key ones are the degree of social danger, criminal potential and stability of the antisocial attitude. Each category of objects of criminal intelligence and surveillance control performed by internal affairs agencies stipulates a different scope and character of applied special forces, means and methods provided for in the law.
Ways of Raising the Effi ciency of the Federal Genome Information Database
Authors: Nadonenko Olga N. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminalistics of the Ekaterinburg Branch of the Sukharev Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Nikolaenkova Aleksandra V. ,   Expert of the Ural Branch (Located in Ekaterinburg) of the Forensic Center of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the existing structure of the federal genome information database, issues of registration and screenings. The authors show the existing shortcomings and ways to eliminate them.
Novelties in Regulation of Remote Work in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus: A Comparison to the Experience of Kazakhstan and Russia
Authors: Tomashevsky Kirill L. ,   Deputy Dean for Research of the Law Faculty, Professor of the Department of Civil and Entrepreneurial Law of the Kazan Innovative University
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the innovations introduced into the Labor Code of Uzbekistan, the Labor Code of Kyrgyzstan and the Labor Code of Belarus in 2022–2023, related with regulating the differences of remote work. A comparison is made with the Labor Code of Kazakhstan and the Labor Code of Russia. The author made conclusions regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the new labor law norms. Directions for further harmonization of standards on remote work have been outlined.
Relevant Aspects of the Judicial Practice in Cases on Compensation of Damage Caused to Life and Health of Employees
Authors: Egorova Varvara Yu. ,   Lawyer at the Labor Law Department of the Denuo Law Firm
Published: July 2024

The article attempts to summarise judicial practice in cases of compensation for damage caused to the life and health of an employee in order to identify the main attributes of industrial accidents that distinguish them from other cases of health harm.
The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of arterial hypertension: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Borshchev Yu. Yu. , Sonin D. L. , Minasian S. M. , Protsak E. S. , Semenova N. Yu. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: July 2024

The intestinal microbiota not only mediates the influence of a number of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases on the body, but can also play an active role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) by changing the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the production of vasoactive metabolites. At the same time, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of intestinal microbiota on BP levels is at an early stage. The review analyzes the scientific literature on the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of arterial hypertension (HTN), describes the key mechanisms of the prohypertensive action of intestinal microbiota metabolites, and presents data on new approaches to the treatment of HTN based on effects on the composition and function of intestinal microflora. BP levels are affected by molecules whose concentration in the blood is directly or indirectly related to the activity of intestinal microflora. These bioactive molecules can be divided into two groups — those formed by cells of the human immune system as a result of stimulation by the microbiota and those formed enzymatically as a result of the metabolic activity of the microbiota itself. The first group includes molecular mechanisms associated with immune activation and systemic inflammatory response, and the second group includes short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, bile acids, uremic toxins and biogenic amines. HTN is accompanied by specific changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and in recent years, researchers have established cause-and-effect relationships between certain enterotypes and the development of HTN. Moreover, established HTN itself causes changes in the intestinal microbiome profile. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating the influence of microbiota on BP may serve as the basis for the development of new approaches to the treatment of HTN.