bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BULIMIA NERVOSA BETWEEN ISLAMIC LAW AND HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rustam Suhartina , Sabir Muhammad , Qayyum Abdul Rahman
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to 1) determine the factors that influence the employees of Bank Axa Mandiri Makassar City to carry out Bulimia Nervosa. 2) To formulate the prevention and treatment of bulimia nervosa. 3) To indetify the harm of bulimia nervosa behavior in terms of health and Islamic law aspects. Answering these problems, the author uses the health and syar'i approach. The health approach is used because it refers to the scope of Islamic law. This type of research is qualitative research (field research), then a sociological (community) approach technique by examining the field's facts. This study's results indicate the factors that cause the employees of the Makassar City Axa Mandiri Bank to commit Bulimia nervosa, namely because of the demands of their work and wanting to satisfy their appetite. In terms of health aspects, the harmful behavior of bulimia nervosa can cause various diseases. As for the behavior of bulimia nervosa in terms of Islamic law, it is an act that is prohibited and makes the perpetrator will get a sin. Bulimia nervosa prevention can be done with gratitude, increased self-confidence, being realistic, adjusting eating patterns, and socializing. Several steps can be taken to take action to treat bulimia nervosa with psychologist therapy.
Naturaleza y libertad en Spinoza
Authors: Sainz Pezonaga Aurelio
Published: May 2021

En la filosofía de Spinoza, la libertad va unida a la causalidad necesaria y ésta es una propiedad tanto de Dios en cuanto naturaleza absoluta como de las infinitas cosas singulares. El artículo parte de esta teoría de la libertad para exponer que, gracias a ella, Spinoza puede defender la historicidad radical de los modos finitos, lo que incluye una comprensión del ser como causa y de la causa como inmanencia de Dios en las cosas y de las cosas en su interdeterminación. Spinoza nos alienta a entendernos, a la vez, como causas adecuadas y causas parciales de nuestra experiencia.
Activity of the Regional Polish United Workers’ Party Apparatus in 1970–1989
Authors: Standerski Dariusz
Published: May 2021

The article aims to verify whether, in the 1980s, there was a significant decrease in the involvement of the regional communist party structures in charge of economic affairs in Poland. The analysis is made on the case of the Warsaw Committee (KW) of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP). Archival documents gathered in the State Archive in Warsaw were used to perform the analysis. The protocols of the meetings of the Executive and Secretariat 1970–1989 were collected, described and analysed. Moreover, the analysis was supplemented by the Statistical Yearbooks of Warsaw (GUS, 1957–1974), the Statistical Yearbooks of the Capital City of Warsaw (GUS, 1976–1981) and the Journal of Laws of the People's Republic of Poland 1970–1989. A statistical analysis of economic activity of the KW of the PUWP in the context of macroeconomic variables and economic activity of central authorities was performed. The correlation coefficient between macroeconomic performance and Party activity indicates the convergence of both trends in the 1970s and the lack of correlation in the 1980s. The decline in engagement after 1978 was unprecedented. In this period, there was a discrepancy between the activities of the central government and the Party apparatus, which remained in place until the end of the system. Institutional mechanisms in the Principal–Agent relation weakened significantly in 1980s.
Perception of sources of private wealth. A qualitative study of perceptive schemes of Western and Eastern Bloc students
Authors: Pietrzak Joanna
Published: May 2021

Over the recent years, money has become one of the most compelling topics in modern societies. Consequently, financial literacy turns out to be an indispensable ability in today’s complex reality. Numerous studies reveal that the level of financial literacy is dependent on the socio-economic context in which the financial experience is formed. Against this background, this study aims to verify how the specific socio-economic context affects the perception of students with regard to the main sources of private wealth in the Western and Eastern Bloc countries. The research problem focuses on the following question: Do students’ perceptions precisely reflect the economic reality in their countries? Data from 115 essays written by students from Poland, Austria, Russia, The Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Ukraine were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis. A structured matrix of four predetermined sources of wealth – CEO compensation, financial trading, entrepreneurship, and inheritance – was developed and subsequently compared with students’ observations. As a result, two conceptual models were developed presenting differences in the perceptive schemes of Western and Eastern Bloc students. Then the perceptions were compared with empirical data from the Forbes list of billionaires. This paper provides an example of how essays written by students can become a source of empirical research. Its added value lies in showing the usefulness of directed qualitative content analysis in socio-economic studies.
Estimation of Depth to Bouguer Anomaly Sources Using Euler Deconvolution Techniques
Authors: Layade Gideon Oluyinka , Edunjobi Hazeez , Makinde Victor , Bada Babatunde
Published: May 2021

The geophysical measurement of variations in gravitational field of the Earth for a particular location is carried out through a gravity survey method. These variations termed anomalies can help investigate the subsurface of interest. An investigation was carried out using the airborne satellite-based (EGM08) gravity dataset to reveal the geological information inherent in a location. Qualitative analysis of the gravity dataset by filtering techniques of two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT2D) shows that the area is made up of basement and sedimentary Formations. Further enhancements on the residual anomaly after separation show the sedimentary intrusion into the study area and zones of possible rock minerals of high and low density contrasts. Quantitative interpretations of the study area by 3-D Euler deconvolution depth estimation technique described the depth and locations of gravity bodies that yielded the gravity field. The result of the depth to basement approach was found to be in the depth range of 930 m to 2,686 m (for Structural Index, SI = 0). The research location is a probable area for economic mineral deposits and hydrocarbon exploration.
Strategies employed by EFL doctoral candidates in dissertation writing completion
Authors: Marhaban Saiful , Mukminatien Nur , Widiati Utami , Sulistyo Teguh , Suhastyanang Wardani Dwi , Puspitasari Yunita , Muslem Asnawi
Published: May 2021

This research study aimed at revealing the strategies employed by successful English as a Foreign Language (EFL) doctoral candidates in accomplishing their dissertation writing and their perspectives in association with the stages of research report writing.  This is a narrative qualitative inquiry, and the data were collected through an in-depth interview with ten successful EFL fresh graduates who had completed their dissertation writing within six and seven semesters. Using a retrospective technique, the respondents were asked to recall their experiences and activities during the process of writing their dissertation. The results reveal that the successful doctoral candidates used four main strategies of dissertation writing: cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and social strategies. In completing each of the dissertation stages, the doctoral candidates spent much time reading a huge collection of research articles, writing their dissertation on a daily basis, and having intensive consultation with their advisors. This study would be useful for EFL doctoral students to avoid delay in completing their studies and to meet their academic timeline so that they can face their challenging dissertation writing to complete their study on time.
The attitude of Japanese newspapers in narrating disaster events: Appraisal in critical discourse study
Authors: Puspita Dian , Pranoto Budi Eko
Published: May 2021

During the event of disasters, news media are considered as the most visible of all parties involved in the response and rehabilitation. News media frame disaster events in certain attitudes, which then significantly resonates with the magnitude of the disaster. This research aims at investigating the attitude of the Japanese newspaper in narrating disaster events. Using the descriptive qualitative method, this study adopts the appraisal theory (Martin White, 2005) to embed and reveal appraisal in attitude features. The data were taken from three Japanese online newspapers reporting disaster events from 2019 to early 2020 with a total number of 100 articles. The findings show that of all attitudinal features, judgement is found as the most frequent source, followed by appreciation, and affect. It reveals newspapers’ tendency to emphasize the attitude and to construe the evaluation toward the events or phenomena rather than revealing the feelings or emotions experienced by the emoter(s). Interestingly, the distribution of the attitudinal implies the attitude of Japanese newspapers on reporting disaster which is highly emphasized on admiring, criticizing, praise, and condemning disaster events. It is also found that the negative features are slightly higher than the positive ones, but to refer to the phenomena rather than the victims. This lexical strategy proves that Japanese newspapers play the role in mainstreaming disaster management policy which focuses on the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disaster events.
Project-based-learning on critical reading course to enhance critical thinking skills
Authors: Sari Dina Merris Maya , Prasetyo Yudy
Published: May 2021

In some cases, EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students may be lack critical thinking in reading, particularly in Indonesia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the implementation of Project-Based-Learning (PjBL) on critical reading to enhance critical thinking skills and describe the students’ responses on the implementation of PjBL in critical reading to enhance critical thinking skills. This research employed a mixed-method approach. The subjects of this research were 26 EFL students at STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The data were obtained by using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion. This study produced several results. Firstly, the implementation of PjBL on critical reading course to enhance critical thinking skills consisted of three stages: 1) planning, 2) implementing, and 3) evaluating. Secondly, based on the interviews, 88.89% of the students were motivated in working on the assignments by using the PjBL model, and 54% of them were excellent. Thirdly, based on the questionnaire, most students (73%) chose “strongly agree” with critical thinking skills. It is hoped that the findings of this research can give information about students’ critical thinking and give an appropriate learning model to enhance the students’ critical thinking.
Developing descriptive reading materials in EFL classes by utilizing the local culture
Authors: Azizah Nur , Inderawati Rita , Vianty Machdalena
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to develop instructional descriptive reading materials of Bangka local culture in Indonesia, which are valid, practical and have a potential effect for Tour and Travel Study Program students at a vocational school in Bangka Belitung Province. The developed product would be used as supplementary materials to fulfill the students’ needs. This study used the research design proposed by Akker (1999), covering the phases of analysis, design, evaluation, and revision modified by Tessmer (1993). The data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and a reading comprehension test. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to determine the validity, practicality, and potential effect of the developed product, a formative evaluation was conducted. Validity was evaluated in experts review related to the content, language, and instructional design. The result showed that the developed product reached a very high validity category with the average score of all aspects evaluated; it was 3.57. The practicality evaluated in one-to-one and small group evaluations were categorized as very high practicality since the average scores of both evaluations were 3.71 and 3.58. After trying out the field test, the developed product was considered to have a high potential effect since 73.91% of the students achieved the required passing grade. Therefore, it could be concluded that it is possible to use the developed product as supplementary materials for teaching reading for the intended students.
A syntactic-semantic optimality theoretic model on Hakka topic-comment construction
Authors: Tseng Yu-Ching
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show how the basic Topic-Comment ordering pattern of the Hakka can be accounted for by the constraint-based optimality theory. Part of the linguistic data used in this paper is adopted from Xu (2002), while those examples presented to show syntactic tests are created by the author. These sentences have been further checked and confirmed by a native speaker of Hakka. This paper proposes an Optimality Theoretic (OT) model that takes into account both syntactic and semantic considerations. It shows that semantic information comes into play successively at different points of OT grammar. First, integrating semantic information into the schema of OT syntax works precisely to describe the Hakka topic-initial sentence pattern. The alignment constraints incorporate information about the semantically defined topic and comment constructions into the constraint design, which interacts with other markedness constraints to filter linguistic constructions during production. Second, semantic constraints are formed to further evaluate form-meaning pairs during the process of interpretation. In this aspect, semantic notions including contrastiveness and markedness are incorporated into the theoretical plan with the purpose of pairing syntactically well-formed sentences with appropriate meaning. The paper successfully presents an optimization model illustrating how syntax and semantics cooperate to pair meanings with linguistic constructions in forming linguistic expressions.
Investigating the impact of flipped classroom on dual language learners' perceptions and grammatical performance
Authors: Shaari Nurliana Dalila , Shaari Azianura Hani , Abdullah Mohammad Ridhuan
Published: May 2021

Flipped classroom model has received massive attention from many researchers due to its innovative instructional strategy that offers a new perspective to the traditional classroom. However, not many studies have focused on dual language learners (DLL) who face challenges in grasping second language skills and knowledge, due to the multiple linguistic systems that they have to manage. By marrying communicative language teaching (CLT) approach with flipped technique, the present study, therefore, aims to explore dual language learners’ perception towards flipped classroom model in learning English tenses as well as their learning progress using the method. The lessons were conducted using set of culturalised interactive materials. A number of 133 intermediate learners (age 18 to 25) from a vocational college in Malaysia were selected as the research participants and data were collected using one-group pre-test–post-test design, questionnaire and interview. Pre-test and post-test grammar questions were given before and after a six-week intervention program to identify the effectiveness of the materials and instruction. The findings indicated significant differences between the mean scores of the pre-test and post-test. The results also revealed learners’ positive responses and improvement in English grammar through flipped classroom and culturalised interactive materials. This research has suggested some significant impacts of flipped classroom practices using familiar objects and culturalised learning materials. Apart from acknowledging the advantages of flipped classroom model in learning English grammar, the present study also proposes some additional strategies to achieve an effective flipped classroom lesson for dual language learners in Malaysia.
English teachers' and lecturers' perceptions of reflective practice through video recording at the teacher certification program
Authors: Fatimah Sitti , Tiarina Yuli , Fitrawati Fitrawati , Mira Asri Sekar
Published: May 2021

Considering the long-recognized contribution of reflective practice on teachers’ continuous professional development, this article casts new light in reporting English teachers’ and lecturers’ perceptions on the needs to implement reflective practice through video recording during peer teaching in the Indonesian Teacher Certification Program. This needs analysis is conducted as the preliminary step of the Research and Development (RD) project and the data will be taken as the basis for the development of reflective practice model with video recording in peer teaching. The perceptions of the needs were collected through a closed and open-ended questionnaire distributed to two groups of respondents. The first group consisted of pre- and in-service English teachers who participated in the PPG (Pendidikan Profesi Guru) Program, or Teacher Certification Program, during the course of 2018 and 2019; and are now teaching secondary school students within the provinces of West and North Sumatra, Aceh, Jambi, and Riau. The second group was lecturers at the English Language Education Program (ELEP) of Universitas Negeri Padang teaching at the PPG Program. The findings show that most teachers believed that reflective practice using video recording enabled them to see their teaching strengths and weaknesses and, in return, would be able to improve students’ learning outcomes. Similarly, all lecturers also believed that the needs of reflective practice assisted by digital technologies are highly important. In general, the perceptions of these two groups of respondents demonstrate the crucial needs of implementing reflective practice with video recording during peer teaching in the PPG Program.
Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional: un acercamiento a la disponibilidad de alimentos en la provincia Sabana Centro del departamento de Cundinamarca, a partir de un estudio de caracterización del mercado local
Authors: Castillo-Melgarejo Daniel , Ochoa-Jiménez Laura , Monroy Isaza Sergio Antonio , Manrique-Caro Lina , Rincón-Becerra Diana
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: revisar del eje de disponibilidad de alimentos de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en los municipios de Gachancipá, Cogua y Nemocón, pertenecientes a la provincia Sabana Centro, del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Metodología: desarrollamos un estudio de caracterización del mercado local de alimentos, en los municipios estudiados. Identificamos tres aspectos centrales (abastecimiento, circuitos alimentarios y mercado interno de alimentos). Para esto configuramos una muestra no representativa a través de la técnica bola de nieve. Aplicamos entrevistas semiestructuradas a fin de lograr mayor profundidad en la caracterización de los mercados locales. Resultados: identificamos la preeminencia de la intermediación en la comercialización de alimentos, lo que determina los procesos de abastecimiento y consumo a nivel local. Logramos reconocer la importancia de los mercados campesinos respecto de su interés en lo que se refiere a promover los circuitos cortos de comercialización y la disminución de los ciclos de intermediación. Limitaciones: la financiación fue muy corta y fue necesario limitar la estrategia metodológica y el trabajo de campo. Por otro lado, la gestión administrativa del proyecto ocasionó tardanzas y dilaciones en su desarrollo, lo que afectó el curso e implementación de sus fases. Conclusiones: el sobre estímulo que tiene la intermediación comercial en el mercado agroalimentario en Colombia afecta negativamente la disponibilidad y abastecimiento de alimentos en los mercados locales de alimentos. Es necesario fomentar los circuitos cortos y disminuir la distancia entre productores y consumidores. Esta ruta aportaría en términos de facilitar el acceso a alimentos para los consumidores, y bajaría el precio que, dicho sea de paso, tiene un sobre costo debido a la intermediación.
Expanding Innovation Through Challenging Organization Endowments
Authors: Griggs Steven
Published: May 2021

Revolutionary innovation in mature or large organizations has been on the decline in recent years. Incremental innovation is the norm and few large organizations create evolutionary or revolutionary innovative offerings. A reason for the lack of innovation in mature or large firms is based on management practices over the last several decades. These practices have created biases in the form of an endowment effect, which results in incremental innovation. Endowment effects impact on innovation will be explored and methods to reduce the impact of endowment effect and overcome the biases are offered.
Coming to Understand the Social and Physical Worlds
Authors: Hopkins Sydney
Published: May 2021

Children’s conceptual development has been described as a process of“theory change.” Specifically, children begin with an idea and then iteratively update that idea by combining existing and new information, making and testing predictions and then revising their idea based on new data again. Similar processes have been postulated to account for adaptive phenomenon in perceptual psychology and motor control. The similarities between the two processes suggest that performance on tasks that measure conceptual and sensory‐motor “theory change”respectively may be related. The goal of the present study is to determine whether children’s development in a complex conceptual domain, theory of mind, is associated with children’s performance in a load force adaptation paradigm. Theory of mind is broadly defined as the ability to understand how mental states, such as beliefs and desires, motivate ourown and other people’s actions. In contrast, load force adaptation is the ability to gradually adjust the amount of force exerted on an object in order to smoothly lift it up, as experience with the weight of the object is gained. To explore the mechanisms underlying these two processes, children between the ages of 3.5 and 4.5 years participate in a load force adaptation task and a battery of theory of mind tasks. We predict that since the underlying processes appear to be theoretically similar, the individual differences in the ability to adapt load force and in theory of mind ability will be positively correlated.
In‐Situ Treatment of Landfill Leachate with Permeable Reactive Barriers
Authors: Boyes Robert
Published: May 2021

As precipitation percolates through a landfill, it comes in contact with decomposing waste ranging from food wastes to factory wastes even to hazardous wastes. That water can then leach elements from the wastes and become contaminated forming what is typically called landfill leachate. Leachate has the potential to cause many health problems if allowed to reach the groundwater and every effort is made to slow and minimize its effect. The most common way of dealing with leachate is to pump it out of the base of the landfill with a series of pipes and pumps, but what about the treatment of the leachate in‐situ through the use of a permeable reactive barrier? Is it a viable solution?
Should Canada Adopt One Official Measure of Poverty?
Authors: Lin Xiao (Trevor)
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not Canada should adopt one measure of poverty. Currently, some examples of poverty measures found in Canada include LICO (low income cut‐offs), MBM (market basket measure) and LIM (low income measure). A policy analysis framework will be taken in order to first define our challenge at hand and to propose recommendations to address our problem. Throughout this exercise, a global viewpoint will also be taken to assess the different measures of poverty around the world, including those used in European countries.
Lighting in Theatrical Performance as a Dynamic Medium
Authors: Powell Alex
Published: May 2021

Designing for the theatre is a tasking endeavour, particularly at an amateur level with a restriction of resources, time, and past experience. The question of where to draw inspiration, what research can be done, and the interplay between theories of stage lighting becomes a central issue for an aspiring lighting designer in an unfamiliar or, in some cases, an entirely new setting. With the majority of impactful lighting theory originating from the advent of electrical lighting at the turn of the twentieth century, most of its concepts derive from the staged realism from Belasco and, in direct opposition, Appia’s notions of theatre transcending reality with lighting providing depth and description of space. With opposing concepts and an intangible media, creating mood, tone, and mise en scène through light requires significant forethought, as well as the ability to perceive a stage language lacking corporeality. With all of these present challenges, I attempt, through theory and practical examples, to describe the process of lighting a theatrical performance as well as what constitutes lighting in the theatre. I will attempt to examine the use of colour, texture, motion, and contrast as a vehicle for stage dialogue, as well as question the importance of lighting in performance and its place in the hierarchy of mise en scène, as defined by Appia in his research of Wagnerian opera and Eurhythmics.
4. Differential Impairments in Incentive Learning Caused by First‐ and Second‐ Generation Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Florczynski Matthew
Published: May 2021

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by increased function of dopamine in the brain.  Dopamine release is a natural response to reward.  It promotes incentive learning (IL), a process by which neutral stimuli acquire the ability to elicit approach and other responses.  A recent model characterizes dopamine‐mediated IL as a progressive process with early and late stages accompanied by a shift in neural control from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS).  A parallel can be drawn to differences in regionally specific neural responses generated by first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used to treat schizophrenia.  APDs are dopamine receptor antagonists, but first‐generation APDs affect the NAc and DLS while second‐generation APDs affect primarily the NAc.  We compared the effects of APDs on IL. Rats (N = 48) were trained to press a lever for food pellets in an operant chamber.  Intraperitoneal injections (1 hr before testing) of the first‐generation APD haloperidol (0,0.05,0.10,0.20 mg/kg) or of the second‐generation APD risperidone (0,0.20,0.40,0.80 mg/kg) induced dose‐dependent suppression of lever pressing on days 1‐4, with the highest dose groups failing to demonstrate any evidence of previous learning on day 5 when tested drug‐free.  On days 16‐20, haloperidol induced a day‐to‐day suppression not seen with risperidone.  The results suggest that the effects of first‐ and second‐generation APDs on learning processes putatively mediated by the NAc and DLS can be differentiated experimentally.  The findings imply that APDs may differentially affect IL inpatients with schizophrenia.
Behavioral Changes of Independent Palm Smallholders Farmers through Farmer Institution
Authors: Nurliza Nurliza , Fauyan
Published: May 2021

Farmer institutions along with regulatory, normative, and cultural cognitive aspects have important roles in social cohesion to achieve the food security of independent palm smallholder farmer households. However, some dysfunctionalities and external challenges affect the structure of their institutions. This paper aims to find ways to change the behavior of independent palm smallholder farmers by identifying the internal and external factors of their behaviors in their institutions. The data were collected from 100 smallholders in West Kalimantan using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results indicate that the internal factors do not influence farmers’ behavior because of lack of social influences on their relationships, exceptional characteristics of the region, and a mismatch between perceived risk sources and risk management strategies. Meanwhile, the external factors (the surrounding environment, institutional information, the extension roles, ISPO, reward, and family encouragement) show positive influences on farmers' behavior. Therefore, to optimize the behavioral changes of independent palm smallholders in their institutions, knowledge exchange is necessary through formal or informal communication networks. Also, they need to have the connections with institutional buyers and potential agro-processing entrepreneurs and the connection with appropriate formal saving schemes, and financial products in their value chains.
Komunikasi Stakeholder pada Kegiatan Kaji Terap Budidaya Padi Toleran Salinitas di BPTP Jawa Barat
Authors: Dini Fibriyanti  , Sadono Dwi , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: May 2021

The success of the applied study can be achieved if the cooperation and coordination between stakeholder goes well so that there is an acceleration of the spread of innovation and the sustainable adoption of agricultural innovations. The study aims to analyze the correlation between the characteristics of the communication and database media, the characteristics of individual, and the actions of collective and social networks with the effectiveness of stakeholder communication on the applied study of salinity tolerant paddy cultivation. The study was conducted on February-March 2020 in BPTP West Java and Pangandaran Regency. Determination of the respondents carried out by using census method with a total of 33 people. The analysis using Ucinet 6 and rank Spearman correlation test. The results showed the variables that have a significant correlation with effectiveness of stakeholder communication for satisfaction in the process are characteristics of communication and database media includes the availability of infrastructure and facilities, and the amount of media communication, and variable of individual characteristics, it is the formal education, significant correlation for quality of information are social networks variables, there are density and closeness centrality.
O IMPACTO DA COVID-19 NA SAÚDE MENTAL DOS ESTUDANTES E O PAPEL DAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO COMO FATOR DE PROMOÇÃO E PROTEÇÃO
Authors: Silva Simone Martins da , Rosa Adriane Ribeiro
Published: May 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 e as medidas de contingenciamento como o distanciamento social e a suspensão de atividades presenciais de ensino, apesar de imprescindíveis, podem desencadear maior desconforto emocional e aumento do risco de doenças psiquiátricas, em especial, entre os grupos mais vulneráveis. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir os efeitos da pandemia e das medidas de contingenciamento sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes e o papel das instituições de ensino como fator de promoção e proteção de saúde e bem-estar. Para tal, será considerada uma abordagem narrativa, com recortes de pesquisas sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes durante a pandemia e excertos de normativas e diretrizes educacionais sobre as medidas de prevenção e de enfrentamento da COVID-19 às instituições de ensino. Esta revisão evidencia que um número expressivo de estudantes, de diferentes níveis e modalidades de ensino, tiveram que lidar com os efeitos psicológicos causados pela ruptura da rotina pessoal e suspensão do ensino presencial. Os efeitos se revelaram na forma de sentimentos de medo, solidão, angústia, alterações de sono que podem evoluir para sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. As normativas e diretrizes educacionais, que regulamentam os sistemas educativos no Brasil, evidenciam que a educação deve abranger processos formativos que se desenvolvem na vida familiar, na convivência humana, no trabalho e nas instituições de ensino. Desta forma, concluímos que é papel das instituições de ensino elaborarem planos que contemplem objetivos de aprendizagem que minimizem os impactos psicológicos impostos pela pandemia, contribuindo para a redução das desigualdades educacionais existentes.
A PANDEMIA INTERNACIONAL OCASIONADA PELA DOENÇA COVID-19 E O ESTADO DE EMERGÊNCIA EM PORTUGAL: INCURSÃO NOS EFEITOS DO CONFINAMENTO
Authors: Monteiro Susana Sardinha , Cebola Cátia Marques
Published: May 2021

A pandemia ocasionada pelo virús SARS-Cov2 é a primeira deste século e também deste novo milénio. Vários autores afirmam que a repetição, no futuro, de situações similares será uma (quase) inevitabilidade. Assim, importa estudar os seus efeitos e as medidas adotadas no atual contexto, por forma a poder medir-se o impacto das decisões adotadas e potenciar os efeitos positivos da reação futura a uma nova pandemia. Começaremos por plasmar o enquadramento jurídico-constitucional do estado de emergência no nosso país na primeira vaga da pandemia, descrevendo-se seguidamente as restrições impostas e as medidas adotadas legalmente pelo Governo no ensejo de prevenir o lastro do contágio social, tentando o equilíbrio entre a proteção da saúde pública e a abertura económica. Este trabalho restringe-se à análise jurídica das principais medidas adotadas em sede de estado de emergência e do impacto em termos legais que essas medidas causaram, avaliando-se a resposta que os instrumentos jurídicos existentes permitiram durante o confinamento imposto aos cidadãos, designadamente o regime do teletrabalho ou as formas eletrónicas de resolução de conflitos na área do consumo.
A Review on the Relationship between Computer Engineering, Discrete-Math and Graph Theory
Authors: Al-Jawadi Arjuwan M. A. , Al-Shumam Ayhan A. K.
Published: May 2021

This review is based on understanding the main concept between computer engineering and mathematics based on two of their most important fields, the discrete-math and graph theory. and answering the question that was asked by many students over the years of working in the university, about the necessity of studying mathematics while majoring computer engineering. Most of the students face the same problem over years for not having the vision to connect between studying materials of their specialization and general ones, in particular between studying discrete-math engineering as in Engineering analysis, and discrete-math as in the Digital signal Processing (DSP), and between algebraic mathematics. Moreover, they do not understand the main idea of the transition between different time or frequency domains, by converting the work in real-time domain systems to work in discrete–time or frequency domain systems. And they do ignore the importance of studying graph theory, in which recent researches have proved the powerful of using graphs in learning tasks, developing an important field of computer engineering, the machine learning, where the standard neural networks (SNNs) have been developed to graph neural networks (GNNs). A figure was concluded at the end of the review to brief the importance of discrete-math developing the relationship between computer engineering in general and graph theory’s role in developing machine learning in particular.
Percepções do sofrimento psíquico: os vínculos afetivos com familiares de presidiárias
Authors: Silva Emanuele Leal da , Jardim Renata Bandeira , Bonfim Karícia Lima de Freitas , Silva Guilherme Alencar da , Nunes Dione da Conceição , Junior Dorinaldo de Freitas Cintra
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar como o rompimento dos vínculos afetivos com os familiares afeta o sofrimento psíquico das presidiárias na cidade de Teresina-PI. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada com mulheres privadas de liberdade a mais de 2 anos presas, na cidade de Teresina-PI, mediante abordagem qualitativa, descritiva de análise de dados. Houve um esclarecimento sobre a pesquisa, as internas que concordaram, assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). As respostas foram obtidas por um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada, em seguida com a coleta dos dados e análise de conteúdo de Bardin L (2011). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 11 internas, na qual os resultados das respostas é a importância da família no processo do encarceramento como também uma melhor compreensão sobre os sofrimentos psíquicos das mulheres e as formas de prejuízo na saúde mental com a perca dos vínculos familiares. Conclusão: Observou-se a necessidade do tratamento das mulheres institucionalizadas nas penitenciárias e a influência disso no processo de ressocialização, como forma de auxiliar as estratégias de saúde mental e a melhoria dos relacionamentos afetivos e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida.
Avaliação do protocolo PediaSuit na função motora grossa de pacientes com paralisia cerebral
Authors: Pinto Henrique Botelho Carvalho Rodrigues , Nunes Juliana de Oliveira , Morais Bruna Marques , Franco Ricardo Silva , Matos Pedro Henrique Azevedo , Silva Raian Borges , Reis Marcus Vinícius Denis Valle , Simões Lorena Gonçalves , Oliveira Isabela Rocha Lacerda , Rocha Camila Gigante
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar os benefícios do protocolo PediaSuit na Função Motora Grossa (GMFM-66) em Pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, a partir da seleção de 20 artigos, considerando como critérios de inclusão, os estudos que descrevem a aplicação da Terapia Neuromotora Intensiva (TNI) através do protocolo PediaSuit em crianças com PC, com foco na GMFM-66; diagnóstico clínico de paralisia cerebral, realizado entre indivíduos de ambos os sexos; diagnóstico funcional, leve a moderado, nas idades de 3 a 15 anos; protocolo PediaSuit. Tendo em vista tais critérios, utilizou-se, especificamente, 5 artigos, sendo, 1 estudo observacional longitudinal com 22 crianças, 1 estudo transversal com 5 crianças e 3 estudos de caso, com 1 criança. Resultados: O estudo evidenciou que o protocolo PediaSuit apresentou progressos na reabilitação, sobretudo no ajuste contínuo, entre a musculatura agonista e antagonista. Os benefícios favorecem a inervação recíproca, como fator imprescindível para a coordenação motora, ganhos funcionais e aquisições de habilidades. Considerações finais: O PediaSuit apresenta-se como um importante método terapêutico no tratamento de crianças com PC. No entanto, devido à escassez de um maior volume de pesquisas sobre a efetividade, faz-se necessário que novos estudos sejam realizados, para demonstrar sua eficácia.
Evidence Update for Clinicians: Narrow- versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children
Authors:   Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)
Published: May 2021

Comparing Narrow- vs. Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics for Common Infections in Children. The choice of antibiotic to treat acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections in children can affect both symptom resolution and the risk of side effects such as diarrhea and vomiting. The findings of a PCORI-funded study published in JAMA can help clinicians treating children for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs)—including acute otitis media, Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and acute sinusitis—make decisions with parents about the medicine that is best for the child. The study, led by Jeffrey Gerber, a pediatrician and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, included 30,086 children ages 6 months to 12 years taking narrow- and broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat ARTIs.
Evidence Update for Healthcare Consumers: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Treatments That Can Help You
Authors:   Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)
Published: May 2021

If you feel upset or unsafe after experiencing or seeing something dangerous or scary and that feeling continues, you may have Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A recent review of research found that several kinds of therapy and medicines can reduce or stop symptoms for most people with PTSD.
Using ATR-FTIR Spectra and Convolutional Neural Networks for Characterizing Mixed Plastic Waste
Authors: Jiang Shengli , Xu Zhuo , Kamran Medhavi , Zinchik Stas , Paheding Sidike , McDonald Armando , Bar-Ziv Ezra , Zavala Victor
Published: May 2021

We present a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for classifying different types of plastic materials that are commonly found in mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. The CNN framework uses experimental ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra to classify ten different plastic types. We show that the approach reaches accuracies of over 87% and that some plastic types can be perfectly classified.
Thiol-Ene Click Inspired Late-Stage Modification of Long-Chain Polyurethane Dendrimers
Authors: Poudel Dhruba , Taylor Richard
Published: May 2021

Compared to the synthesis of polyurethane polymers, construction of well-defined polyurethane dendrimers is challenging due to the high reactivity of externally added or in-situ formed isocyanates leading to the formation of side products. For this reason, the synthesis of dendritic polyurethanes is limited to very few reports. With primary focus of dendrimer research on the interaction of the periphery and the core, we report the synthesis of a common polyurethane dendron, which allows for late-stage variation of both the periphery and the core. The periphery can be varied simply by installing a clickable unit in the dendron and then attaching to the core and vice-versa. Thus, a common dendron allows for varying periphery and core in just two steps. To accomplish this, protecting group free one-pot multicomponent Curtius reaction was utilized to afford a robust and versatile AB2 type polyurethane dendron employing commercially available simple molecules 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 11-bromoundecanol, and 4- penten-1-ol. Subsequent late-stage modification of either dendrons or dendrimers via thiol-ene click reaction gave surface?functionalized alternating aromatic-aliphatic polyurethane homodendrimers to generation-three (G3). The dendrons and the dendrimers were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR analysis. A bifunctional AB2 type dendritic monomer demonstrated this approach's versatility that can either undergo a thiol-one click or attachment to the core. This approach enables the incorporation of functionalities at the periphery and the core that may not withstand the dendrimer growth for the synthesis of polyurethane dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules
An Investigation of Five Component [3+2] Self-Assembled Cage Formation Using amidinium...carboxylate Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Thomas Chriso , Foyle Emer , Walker Samuel , White Nicholas
Published: May 2021

The assembly of hydrogen bonded cages using amidinium∙∙∙carboxylate hydrogen bonding interactions was investigated. A new tris-amidinium hydrogen bond donor tecton based on a tetraphenylmethane scaffold was prepared and its self–assembly with the terephthalate anion studied, and a new tricarboxylate hydrogen bond acceptor tecton was synthesized and its assembly with the 1,3-benzenebis(amidinium) hydrogen bond donor explored. In both cases, molecular modelling indicated that the formation of the cages was geometrically feasible and 1H NMR spectroscopic evidence was consistent with interactions between the components in competitive d6- DMSO solvent mixtures. DOSY NMR spectroscopy of both systems indicated that both components diffuse at the same rate as each other, and diffusion coefficients were consistent with cage formation, and with the formation of assemblies significantly larger than the individual components. An X-ray crystal structure showed that one of the assemblies did not have the desired cage structure in the solid state
On the Thermodynamic Control of Ring Opening of 4-Substituted 1,3,3-Tris-Carbethoxycyclobutene and the Role of the C-3 Substituent in Masking the Kinetic Torquoselectivity. An alternate reaction pathway
Authors: Yadav Veejendra , Prasad Dasari L V K , Yadav Arpita , Rao Maddali L N
Published: May 2021

The predominant transformations of 4-methyl- and 4-phenyl-1,3,3-tris-carbethoxycyclobutenes to s-trans,trans-1,1,3-tris-carbethoxy-4-methyl- and s-trans,trans-1,1,3-tris-carbethoxy-4-phenyl-1,3-butadienes, respectively, are discussed to proceed through pathways entailing heterolytic cleavage of the sC3C4 bond rather than the usual conrotatory ring opening following the rules of torquoselectivity. The adventitious or in situ generated halogen acid from CDCl3 catalyzes the reaction by protonation of the geminal ester group to weaken sC3C4 bond and allow its SN2 cleavage by chloride ion. This is followed by cisoid→transoid isomerization and loss of the elements of halogen acid to form the products. In the Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction of 4-phenyl-1,3,3-tris-carbethoxycyclobutene in CH2Cl2, coordination of Lewis acid with the geminal ester group is followed by heterolytic cleavage of the sC3C4 bond. The resultant species subsequently undergoes cisoid→transoid isomerization before losing the Lewis acid to form the products.
EDITORIAL DO VOLUME 9, Nº. 1, DA REVISTA REAMEC
Authors: Costa Dailson Evangelista , Ribeiro Marcel Thiago Damasceno
Published: May 2021

Este editorial objetiva apresentar os artigos publicados na Revista REAMEC - Rede Amazônica de Educação em Ciências e Matemática, volume 9, nº. 1, janeiro a abril de 2021, e algumas informações a respeito do desenvolvimento da Revista neste período. Trata-se de um texto informativo que busca situar o leitor sobre os 35 artigos publicados no referido número, destacando os seguintes aspectos: título, autores, objetivo, síntese metodológica e principais resultados. Além disso, também apresentamos alguns aspectos qualitativos que consideramos significativos para os avanços e desenvolvimento deste periódico rumo à ciência aberta.
BAJU HAZMAT UNESA UNTUK GARDA TERDEPAN PENANGANAN COVID-19
Authors: Indarti Indarti , Wahyuningsih Urip , Yulistiana Yulistiana , Prihatina Yuhri Inang , Rahayu Imami Arum Tri , Mayasari Peppy
Published: May 2021

Pencegahan penyebaran infeksi virus COVID-19 pasien ke petugas bergantung pada penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD), salah satunya baju hazmat. Dokter serta tenaga medis lainnya merupakan garda terdepan yang menangani penyakit COVID-19, sehingga kebutuhan APD adalah paling penting bagi mereka. Untuk melindungi tenaga medis dari virus dalam ruangan serta mencegah virus tersebut keluar ruangan, para tenaga medis harus mengganti APD setiap kali menangani pasien di ruangan yang berbeda. Sehingga APD yang berupa baju (hazmat), masker, sarung tangan dan penutup kepala digunakan sering hanya sekali pakai. Tujuan kegiatan PkM ini adalah untuk menyumbangkan baju hazmat pada tenaga medis yang merupakan garda terdepan yang menangani virus COVID-19. Dalam kegiatan PkM ini, metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan dan penyaluran alat pelindung diri (APD) berupa hazmat untuk tenaga medis di Rumah Sakit.          Tim kami dari prodi Tata Busana UNESA, mendesain alternatif baju hazmat yang terbuat dari kain spundbond polypropylene dengan ketebalan 75 gsm, yang ramah lingkungan, coating waterproof, dan breathable sehingga lebih nyaman dipakai oleh tenaga medis. Kelebihan dari non-woven ini antara lain dapat menyaring udara, anti bakteri, ramah lingkungan, tahan kelembaban air. Sebanyak 250 baju hazmat telah disumbangkan ke beberapa rumah sakit di Surabaya dan sekitarnya bersam produk-produk hasil dari PkM kelompok lain oleh tim Unesa Crisis Center.