bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand-driven elderly care in the Netherlands
Authors: Beukema Leni , Valkenburg Ben
Published: July 2007

In this article the authors present a research project on processes of transformation in organizations for elderly care in the Netherlands. First, the article presents a general description of the project and the central issue of the project — a demand-driven approach to elderly care. They present the methods of exemplarian action research that were used. In this method, quality and validity are primarily linked to the relationship between the researcher and the researched party. A central argument is that the relationship between researchers and the researched party should be based on the principle of `reciprocal adequacy', i.e. on the fundamental equivalence of both in the process of developing social scientific knowledge. The authors elaborate on these topics on a theoretical level as well as on a more practical level. On a more practical level the questions as to who should be seen as co-researchers, what role they should play in the research project and how they can fulfil this role have to be answered time and again, with different answers in different situations.
Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the Politics of Hope: Reclaiming Critical Pedagogy
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: July 2007

Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in the life and teachings of Che Guevara and Paulo Freire among the revolution ary-minded. This renewed interest in Che and Freire is occurring at a time when Left educators are attempting to address the consequences of the globalization of capital and the effects of transnational capital on public education. The educational left's current enthrallment with postmodern the ory has done little to advance the cause of critical pedagogy, especially in the face of the current corporate assault on public schooling. This article argues that a renewed engagement with historical materialist analysis and revolutionary politics is urgently necessary to cut through the equivocations and revisionism of the postmodern Left and develop a critical pedagogy that is able to challenge the devastating effects brought about by the global ization of capitalism. Education workers are encouraged to move beyond mere efforts at reforming institutions of public education and to take up a dynamic new revolutionary politics in keeping with the examples offered by the life and dialectical thought of Che Guevara and Paulo Freire.
Six Feet Tall: A One-Person Performance
Authors: Bui Diem-My T.
Published: July 2007

This solo performance text visits an experience of a Vietnamese American woman reclaiming voice. The text situates itself in the racial and ethnic dis course on identity, particularly assumptions on sexual and feminine iden tity. The text brings the Vietnamese American female body to a site for criti cal examination of these discourses.
Critical Pedagogy, Cultural Studies, and Radical Democracy at the Turn of the Millennium: Reflections on the Work of Henry Giroux
Authors: Kellner Douglas
Published: July 2007

In this study, the author engages Henry Giroux's project of articulating cul tural studies with critical pedagogy and radical democracy. He argues that Giroux provides cultural studies with a critical pedagogy missing in many versions with the aim of helping to develop a more democratic culture and citizenry. The result is an intersection of critical pedagogy and cultural stud ies that enhances both enterprises, providing a cultural and transformative political dimension to critical pedagogy and a pedagogical dimension to cultural studies.
the Feet of the Master: Three Stages in the Appropriation of Okinawan Karate Into Anglo-American Culture
Authors: Krug Gary J.
Published: July 2007

First “discovered” by Anglo-Americans following the Second World War, karate has undergone a series of changes in the way in which it is presented and taught in the United States and Australia. In the 1990s, the publication of key secret texts, the establishment of a large body of historical information, the rapidly growing acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and the establishment of second- and third-generation dojos and instructors in Euro-American cultures have contributed to the demystification of karate and a lessening need for attachments to the people and culture of Okinawa. With these new representations of karate, the art is being remade as a set of Western knowledge and practices. These changes in the representation of karate trace a trajectory that transforms the pragmatic and spiritual characteristics of karate first into a marker of Asianess, then into a myth of origins, and finally into a set of historical and semiscientific practices.
"They Still Don't Understand Why I Hate Wearing Dresses!" An Autoethnographic Rant on Dresses, Boats, and Butchness
Authors: Crawley Sara L.
Published: July 2007

Using autoethnographic scenes from her lived experiences, the author argues that butchness is a discursive and performative practice in a sexist, heterosexist culture that engages female-bodied people, in particular lesbians, in the expression of ableness. The author uses the notions of dresses and boats as metaphors for requisite femininity and ableness, respectively, and argues that butchness is used as a resource to respond—personally and theoretically—to a culture that sees the female body as less competent than the male body. This article suggests that theories of gender and sexuality must be more attentive to practices of constructing self in everyday life and that they must give greater consideration to how individuals present themselves to various audiences.
The Katrina Hurricane Spectacle and Crisis of the Bush Presidency
Authors: Kellner Douglas
Published: July 2007

The August 2005 Hurricane Katrina media spectacle put on display the glaring inequities of race and class that define the United States in the new millennium. The inability of the federal government to respond to the catastrophe called attention not only to the failures and incompetence of the Bush administration but also to the crisis of neoliberalism whereby the market alone cannot provide for the needs of citizens and deal with crises. Katrina also called attention to a "politics of disposability" whereby certain people are deemed disposable and not worthy of care and help. The biopolitics of inequality and disposability was put on full display in the Katrina spectacle and may be one of the most important aftereffects of the tragic episode.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat) suppresses translation of cyclin D1 in mantle cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Kawamata Norihiko , Chen John , Koeffler H. Phillip
Published: July 2007

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a chromosomal translocation resulting in the expression of the cyclin D1 gene driven by the powerful enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, leading to uncontrolled, overexpressed cyclin D1 protein. We showed that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors derived from hydroxamic acid, caused a dramatic decrease (90%) in protein levels of cyclin D1 after 8-hour exposure to SAHA (5 μM) in MCL lines (SP49, SP53, Jeko1). mRNA levels and protein stability of cyclin D1 were minimally affected by SAHA over 8 hours. In contrast, metabolic labeling assays showed that SAHA decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine into cyclin D1 protein. The drug also decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (eIF4E-BP) and lowered the cap site binding activity of eIF4E in the MCL cells. In vitro phosphatidyl inositol (PI) kinase assay demonstrated that SAHA directly inhibited kinase activity of PI 3′ kinase. Taken together, SAHA caused a rapid decrease of cyclin D1 in MCL by blocking the translation of cyclin D1 by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR/eIF4E-BP pathway, probably by PI3K inhibition.
Long-term results of related myeloablative stem-cell transplantation to cure sickle cell disease
Authors: Bernaudin Françoise , Socie Gérard , Kuentz Mathieu , Chevret Sylvie , Duval Michel , Bertrand Yves , Vannier Jean-Pierre , Yakouben Karima , Thuret Isabelle , Bordigoni Pierre , Fischer Alain , Lutz Patrick , Stephan Jean-Louis , Dhedin Nathalie , Plouvier Emmanuel , Margueritte Geneviève , Bories Dominique , Verlhac Suzanne , Esperou Hélène , Coic Lena , Vernant Jean-Paul , Gluckman Eliane
Published: July 2007

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD); nevertheless, its use has been limited by the risk of transplantation-related mortality (TRM). Between November 1988 and December 2004, 87 consecutive patients with severe SCD ranging from 2 to 22 years of age received transplants in France. Cerebral vasculopathy was the principal indication for transplantation (55 patients). All the patients received grafts from a sibling donor after a myeloablative conditioning regimen (CR). The only change in the CR during the study period was the introduction of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in March 1992. The rejection rate was 22.6% before the use of ATG but 3% thereafter. With a median follow-up of 6 years (range, 2.0 to 17.9 years), the overall and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 93.1% and 86.1%, respectively. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) was the main cause of TRM. Importantly, cord blood transplant recipients did not develop GVHD. No new ischemic lesions were detected after engraftment, and cerebral velocities were significantly reduced. The outcome improved significantly with time: the EFS rate among the 44 patients receiving transplants after January 2000 was 95.3%. These results indicate that HLA-identical sibling HSCT after myeloablative conditioning with ATG should be considered as a standard of care for SCD children who are at high risk for stroke.
A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality
Authors: Hart G Traver , Lee Insuk , Marcotte Edward M
Published: July 2007

Background

Identifying all protein complexes in an organism is a major goal of systems biology. In the past 18 months, the results of two genome-scale tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) assays in yeast have been published, along with corresponding complex maps. For most complexes, the published data sets were surprisingly uncorrelated. It is therefore useful to consider the raw data from each study and generate an accurate complex map from a high-confidence data set that integrates the results of these and earlier assays.

Results

Using an unsupervised probabilistic scoring scheme, we assigned a confidence score to each interaction in the matrix-model interpretation of the large-scale yeast mass-spectrometry data sets. The scoring metric proved more accurate than the filtering schemes used in the original data sets. We then took a high-confidence subset of these interactions and derived a set of complexes using MCL. The complexes show high correlation with existing annotations. Hierarchical organization of some protein complexes is evident from inter-complex interactions.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that our scoring method can generate an integrated high-confidence subset of observed matrix-model interactions, which we subsequently used to derive an accurate map of yeast complexes. Our results indicate that essentiality is a product of the protein complex rather than the individual protein, and that we have achieved near saturation of the yeast high-abundance, rich-media-expressed "complex-ome."
Polyglutamine variation in a flowering time protein correlates with island age in a Hawaiian plant radiation
Authors: Lindqvist Charlotte , Laakkonen Liisa , Albert Victor A
Published: July 2007

Background

A controversial topic in evolutionary developmental biology is whether morphological diversification in natural populations can be driven by expansions and contractions of amino acid repeats in proteins. To promote adaptation, selection on protein length variation must overcome deleterious effects of multiple correlated traits (pleiotropy). Thus far, systems that demonstrate this capacity include only ancient or artificial morphological diversifications. The Hawaiian Islands, with their linear geological sequence, present a unique environment to study recent, natural radiations. We have focused our research on the Hawaiian endemic mints (Lamiaceae), a large and diverse lineage with paradoxically low genetic variation, in order to test whether a direct relationship between coding-sequence repeat diversity and morphological change can be observed in an actively evolving system.

Results

Here we show that in the Hawaiian mints, extensive polyglutamine (CAG codon repeat) polymorphism within a homolog of the pleiotropic flowering time protein and abscisic acid receptor FCA tracks the natural environmental cline of the island chain, consequent with island age, across a period of 5 million years. CAG expansions, perhaps following their natural tendency to elongate, are more frequent in colonists of recently-formed, nutrient-rich islands than in their forebears on older, nutrient-poor islands. Values for several quantitative morphological variables related to reproductive investment, known from Arabidopsis fca mutant studies, weakly though positively correlate with increasing glutamine tract length. Together with protein modeling of FCA, which indicates that longer polyglutamine tracts could induce suboptimally mobile functional domains, we suggest that CAG expansions may form slightly deleterious alleles (with respect to protein function) that become fixed in founder populations.

Conclusion

In the Hawaiian mint FCA system, we infer that contraction of slightly deleterious CAG repeats occurred because of competition for resources along the natural environmental cline of the island chain. The observed geographical structure of FCA variation and its correlation with morphologies expected from Arabidopsis mutant studies may indicate that developmental pleiotropy played a role in the diversification of the mints. This discovery is important in that it concurs with other suggestions that repetitive amino acid motifs might provide a mechanism for driving morphological evolution, and that variation at such motifs might permit rapid tuning to environmental change.
Phylogenomics of the archaeal flagellum: rare horizontal gene transfer in a unique motility structure
Authors: Desmond Elie , Brochier-Armanet Celine , Gribaldo Simonetta
Published: July 2007

Background

As bacteria, motile archaeal species swim by means of rotating flagellum structures driven by a proton gradient force. Interestingly, experimental data have shown that the archaeal flagellum is non-homologous to the bacterial flagellum either in terms of overall structure, components and assembly. The growing number of complete archaeal genomes now permits to investigate the evolution of this unique motility system.

Results

We report here an exhaustive phylogenomic analysis of the components of the archaeal flagellum. In all complete archaeal genomes, the genes coding for flagellum components are co-localized in one or two well-conserved genomic clusters showing two different types of organizations. Despite their small size, these genes harbor a good phylogenetic signal that allows reconstruction of their evolutionary histories. These support a history of mainly vertical inheritance for the components of this unique motility system, and an interesting possible ancient horizontal gene transfer event (HGT) of a whole flagellum-coding gene cluster between Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota.

Conclusion

Our study is one of the few exhaustive phylogenomics analyses of a non-informational cell machinery from the third domain of life. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the evolution of the components of the archaeal flagellum. Moreover, we show that the components of the archaeal flagellar system have not been frequently transferred among archaeal species, indicating that gene fixation following HGT can also be rare for genes encoding components of large macromolecular complexes with a structural role.
Prevention of fall incidents in patients with a high risk of falling: design of a randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation of the effect of multidisciplinary transmural care
Authors: Peeters Geeske MEE , de Vries Oscar J , Elders Petra JM , Pluijm Saskia MF , Bouter Lex M , Lips Paul
Published: July 2007

Background

Annually, about 30% of the persons of 65 years and older falls at least once and 15% falls at least twice. Falls often result in serious injuries, such as fractures. Therefore, the prevention of accidental falls is necessary. The aim is to describe the design of a study that evaluates the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of multiple fall risk factors in independently living older persons with a high risk of falling.

Methods/Design

The study is designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an economic evaluation. Independently living persons of 65 years and older who recently experienced a fall are interviewed in their homes and screened for risk of recurrent falling using a validated fall risk profile. Persons at low risk of recurrent falling are excluded from the RCT. Persons who have a high risk of recurrent falling are blindly randomised into an intervention (n = 100) or usual care (n = 100) group. The intervention consists of a multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of multifactorial fall risk factors. The transmural multidisciplinary appraoch entails close cooperation between geriatrician, primary care physician, physical therapist and occupational therapist and can be extended with other specialists if relevant. A fall calendar is used to record falls during one year of follow-up. Primary outcomes are time to first and second falls. Three, six and twelve months after the home visit, questionnaires for economic evaluation are completed. After one year, during a second home visit, the secondary outcome measures are reassessed and the adherence to the interventions is evaluated. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle and also an on-treatment analysis will be performed.

Discussion

Strengths of this study are the selection of persons at high risk of recurrent falling followed by a multidisciplinary intervention, its transmural character and the evaluation of adherence. If proven effective, implementation of our multidisciplinary assessment followed by treatment of fall risk factors will reduce the incidence of falls.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN11546541.
Incidence of cytomegalovirus infection among the general population and pregnant women in the United States
Authors: Colugnati Fernando AB , Staras Stephanie AS , Dollard Sheila C , Cannon Michael J
Published: July 2007

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected individuals, a major source of serious complications among organ-transplant recipients, and a leading cause of hearing loss, vision loss, and mental retardation among congenitally infected children. Women infected for the first time during pregnancy are especially likely to transmit CMV to their fetuses. More children suffer serious disabilities caused by congenital CMV than by several better-known childhood maladies such as Down syndrome or fetal alcohol syndrome

Methods

Using CMV seroprevalence data from the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we estimated CMV incidence among the general United States population and among pregnant women. We employed catalytic models that used age-specific CMV seroprevalences as cumulative markers of past infections in order to derive estimates of three basic parameters: the force of infection, the basic reproductive rate, and the average age of infection. Our main focus was the force of infection, an instantaneous per capita rate of acquisition of infection that approximates the incidence of infection in the seronegative population.

Results

Among the United States population ages 12–49 the force of infection was 1.6 infections per 100 susceptible persons per year (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.4). The associated basic reproductive rate of 1.7 indicates that, on average, an infected person transmits CMV to nearly two susceptible people. The average age of CMV infection was 28.6 years. Force of infection was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (5.7) and Mexican Americans (5.1) than among non-Hispanic Whites (1.4). Force of infection was significantly higher in the low household income group (3.5) than in the middle (2.1) and upper (1.5) household income groups. Based on these CMV incidence estimates, approximately 27,000 new CMV infections occur among seronegative pregnant women in the United States each year.

Conclusion

These thousands of CMV infections in pregnant women, along with the sharp racial/ethnic disparities in CMV incidence, are compelling reasons for accelerating research on vaccines and other interventions for preventing congenital CMV disease. Nevertheless, the relatively low force of infection provides encouraging evidence that modestly effective vaccines and rates of vaccination could significantly reduce CMV transmission.
Lessons from previous predictions of HIV/AIDS in the United States and Japan: epidemiologic models and policy formulation
Authors: Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: July 2007

This paper critically discusses two previous studies concerned with predictions of HIV/AIDS in the United States and Japan during the early 1990s. Although the study in the US applied a historical theory, assuming normal distribution for the epidemic curve, the underlying infection process was not taken into account. In the Japan case, the true HIV incidence was estimated using the coverage ratio of previously diagnosed/undiagnosed HIV infections among AIDS cases, the assumptions of which were not supported by a firm theoretical understanding. At least partly because of failure to account for underlying mechanisms of the disease and its transmission, both studies failed to yield appropriate predictions of the future AIDS incidence. Further, in the Japan case, the importance of consistent surveillance data was not sufficiently emphasized or openly discussed and, because of this, revision of the AIDS reporting system has made it difficult to determine the total number of AIDS cases and apply a backcalculation method. Other widely accepted approaches can also fail to provide perfect predictions. Nevertheless, wrong policy direction could arise if we ignore important assumptions, methods and input data required to answer specific questions. The present paper highlights the need for appropriate assessment of specific modeling purposes and explicit listing of essential information as well as possible solutions to aid relevant policy formulation.
Mortality ascertainment of participants in the National Wilms Tumor Study using the National Death Index: comparison of active and passive follow-up results
Authors: Cotton Cecilia A , Peterson Susan , Norkool Patricia A , Breslow Norman E
Published: July 2007

Long term studies of childhood cancer survivors are hampered by difficulties in tracking young adult participants. After performing a National Death Index (NDI) search we sought to identify which factors best predicted a match among known decedents from the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) and to determine if record linkage could substitute for missing follow-up in a cohort of NWTS survivors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare passive mortality follow-up using the NDI to active follow-up of a childhood and young adult population.

Records for 984 known decedents and 3,406 subjects whose January 1, 2002 vital status was unknown were sent to the NDI in June 2003. In April 2005 NWTS follow-up records were used to reassess January 1, 2002 vital status. Matches were established for 709 of 789 known decedents (sensitivity 89.9%) with a date of death between 1979 and 2001, the calendar period covered by the NDI at the time of the search. No matches were identified among 1,052 subjects known to be alive in 2002 (specificity 100%). Factors associated with decreased sensitivity were an unknown social security number (sensitivity 87.8%), Hispanic ethnicity (76.4%) and foreign birth (56.5%). For 2,351 subjects with 2002 vital status unknown who had 13,166 pre 2002 person-years of missing observation, only 18 deaths were ascertained by the NDI whereas 79.3 were expected based on NWTS mortality data. Mortality analyses based strictly on NDI search results and those based on NWTS follow-up augmented with NDI search results yielded inflated estimates of the 15 year survival rate when compared with estimates based on NWTS active follow-up.

Match rates were comparable to those observed in adult populations. Since the same selection factors were likely associated with NDI failure to match and NWTS loss to follow-up, use of the NDI to fill in missing follow-up data appears unwarranted.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an Epothilone B Analog, in Patients With Taxane-Resistant Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Thomas Eva , Tabernero Josep , Fornier Monica , Conté Pierfranco , Fumoleau Pierre , Lluch Ana , Vahdat Linda T. , Bunnell Craig A. , Burris Howard A. , Viens Patrice , Baselga José , Rivera Edgardo , Guarneri Valentina , Poulart Valerie , Klimovsky Judith , Lebwohl David , Martin Miguel
Published: July 2007

Purpose

Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) is an epothilone analog that optimizes the properties of naturally occurring epothilone B. Natural epothilones and their analogs promote tumor cell death by binding to tubulin and stabilizing microtubules, causing apoptosis. This international phase II trial assessed the activity of ixabepilone in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that was resistant to taxane therapy.

Patients and Methods

MBC patients, who had experienced disease progression while receiving or within 4 months of taxane therapy (6 months if adjuvant taxane only), and who had a taxane as their last regimen, received ixabepilone (1- or 3-hour infusion of 50 mg/m2 or 3-hour infusion of 40 mg/m2 every 3 weeks).

Results

Of 49 patients treated with 40 mg/m2 ixabepilone during 3 hours, 35 (73%) had experienced disease progression within 1 month of their last taxane dose. The response rate was 12% (95% CI, 4.7% to 26.5%). All responses (n = 6) were partial; five of six patients had not responded to prior taxane therapy. In responders, the median response duration was 10.4 months. In 20 patients (41%), stable disease was the best outcome. Median time to progression was 2.2 months (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.2 months); median survival was 7.9 months. For treated patients across all cohorts (intent-to-treat population), the response rate was also 12% (eight of 66). Treatment-related adverse events in the study were manageable and primarily grade 1/2. Treatment-related neuropathy was mostly sensory and mild to moderate.

Conclusion

Ixabepilone (40 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion every 3 weeks) demonstrates promising antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with taxane-resistant MBC.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Ixabepilone (BMS-247550), an Epothilone B Analog, As First-Line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Anthracycline Chemotherapy
Authors: Roché Henri , Yelle Louise , Cognetti Francesco , Mauriac Louis , Bunnell Craig , Sparano Joseph , Kerbrat Pierre , Delord Jean-Pierre , Vahdat Linda , Peck Ronald , Lebwohl David , Ezzeddine Rana , Curé Hervé
Published: July 2007

Purpose

There is a need for new agents to treat metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in patients for whom anthracycline therapy has failed or is contraindicated. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel antineoplastic, the epothilone B analog ixabepilone, in patients with MBC previously treated with an adjuvant anthracycline.

Patients and Methods

Patients were age ≥ 18 years and had received a prior anthracycline-based regimen as adjuvant treatment. Ixabepilone as first-line metastatic chemotherapy was administered as a 40 mg/m2 intravenous infusion during 3 hours every 3 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary efficacy end points included duration of response, time to response, time to progression, and survival.

Results

All 65 patients were assessable for response. Their median age was 52 years (range, 33 to 80 years). ORR was 41.5% (95% CI, 29.4% to 54.4%), median duration of response was 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.7 to 10.2 months), and median time to response was 6 weeks (range, 5 to 17 weeks). Median survival was 22.0 months (95% CI, 15.6 to 27.0 months). Treatment-related adverse events were manageable and mostly grades 1/2: the most common of these (other than alopecia) was mild to moderate neuropathy, which was primarily sensory and mostly reversible in nature.

Conclusion

Ixabepilone is efficacious and has a predictable and manageable safety profile in women with MBC previously treated with an adjuvant anthracycline.
Static and cyclic stress distributions in a buckling shear panel
Authors: Frost R J , Benham P P
Published: July 2007

A panel comprising a thin, square, flat plate of clad copper-aluminium alloy to specification B.S.2L.73, bounded by substantial edge members, was subjected to a range of static shear loadings up to a shear-stress ratio of 3·0. The experimentally determined distributions of strains and stresses within the plate reveal the importance of the stresses due to bending resulting from the formation of diagonal shear buckles. Fair agreement between the results of this study and the work of other investigators was obtained. The work presented is part of an investigation into the fatigue-crack propagation behaviour and residual-strength characteristics of flat panels subjected to shear loading, hence an accurate assessment of stress conditions at least along the two diagonals was required.

The strains within the plate when subjected to a range of cyclic shear loadings were determined and a relation between cyclic strains and corresponding static strains was obtained. The use of this relation leads to a simple assessment of stress conditions within the plate due to any magnitude of cyclic shear loading.
Experimental analysis of high-frequency stress waves in a ring
Authors: Durelli A J , Clark J A , Kochev A
Published: July 2007

This paper deals with the photoelastic analysis of stress waves in a thick ring subjected to transient high-frequency loading. The device used to apply the loading is a piezo-electric transducer which initially produces four cycles of a 31·25 kHz toneburst. The loading pulse can be reproduced with high precision. The ring is illuminated with a flash of approximately 0·5 μs duration which can be delayed in a continuously adjustable manner. Isochromatics and isoclinics can be directly observed as static patterns. Photoelastic data are supplemented by measurements obtained with a capacitance gauge used as a dynamic lateral extensometer. Satisfactory agreement is found between tangential stresses near the free boundary of the ring determined from photoelastic data and those determined from capacitance-gauge measurements. As examples of complete determination of stress distributions, the separated principal stresses are obtained along an axis of symmetry and a vectorial representation of the principal stresses is given. A wave interpretation of the data is developed and comparisons are made with available solutions of related problems.
Simply supported plates with corners free to lift
Authors: Rushton K R
Published: July 2007

The lifting of corners from the supports of laterally loaded plates is discussed. A method of analysing the problem for both the small and the large deflection of plates is described; this method is based on the dynamic-relaxation technique.

Comparisons are made with experimental results, and the effect on the stress distribution of a lifting corner is discussed.
Torsional stiffness of long steam-turbine blades
Authors: Scholes A , Slater D J
Published: July 2007

In order to obtain accurate values of the natural frequencies of torsional vibration of long steam-turbine blades it is necessary to determine the torsional stiffnesses of the blade accurately. Various empirical formulae are at present available for the calculation of the torsion constant for sections such as those of a turbine blade; to determine which is the best, a range of sections has been tested including prismatic bars as well as an actual blade. One particular formula is suggested for use. Additionally the positions of shear-centre and centre-of-twist of some of the bars were found.
Deformation and fracture produced in thick cylinders by impulse loading
Authors: Cousins J E
Published: July 2007

The deformation and fractures produced by internal explosive loading in thick cylinders are different to those caused by a gradually increasing load.

Graphs showing the variation in circumferential strain for cylinders of different lengths and diameters are presented and the fractures discussed. The similarity between the fracturing of perspex and mild-steel cylinders is also shown.
Strength of cold-formed cylindrical steel plates
Authors: Pascoe K J
Published: July 2007

The behaviour in tension and in bending of a steel plate which has been cold-formed to a cylindrical shape has been calculated from the results of tension-compression tests on specimens of the steel and found to agree closely with the actual behaviour of full-thickness cold-formed plate. The effect of preforming was to reduce the strength in tension and also in bending to a reversed curvature when straining was in the same direction as the original prestraining. When the straining was at right-angles to the prestraining smaller effects were observed.
Analogy between wrinkled membranes and very thin plates in flexure
Authors: Mansfield E H , Baxter P S A
Published: July 2007

This paper describes briefly some experiments of a qualitative and visual nature on the analogous behaviour of wrinkled planar membranes and very thin plates in flexure. A resumé of the underlying theory is also given.
Genre Films and Cultural Myth
Authors: Grant Barry Keith
Published: July 2007

Whether they are set in the past or in the future, on the mean streets of contemporary New York or long ago in a galaxy far away, genre movies are always about the time and place in which they are made. Inevitably, as Barry Keith Grant suggest in this essay, they are expressions
of the cultural zeitgeist, instances of society engaging in dialogue with itself. Genre movies may reflect, reinforce, question or subvert accepted ideology, but viewers enjoy them as genre movies whether they fulfill, violate or thwart conventions and expectations.
The Last Battle: Peter Watkins on DVD
Authors: Cook John R , Murphy Patrick
Published: July 2007

Released on new DVD editions the very same day this issue is distributed (25 January), Peter Watkin's two celebrated films, Culloden and The War Game, are accessible to a wider audience again nearly forty years after they were made. John R Cook explains the significance
of this event.
The Woman in the Window: Esther Bubley Invents Noir
Authors: Rabinowitz Paula
Published: July 2007

World War II provided many working and lower middle class women with the possibility of a more independent lifestyle as the war effort demanded their labour. Hired by the Office of War Information, photographer Esther Bubley documented the lives of these uprooted women flocking to big
cities in search of jobs. But her pictures didn't just document the realities of work and leisure. As Paula Rabinowitz suggests, she also came to invent the icons of female pulp modernism.
A Formative Western
Authors: Coyne Michael , Zander Ulf , Wagner Dave , Fujiwara Chris
Published: July 2007

Barry Keith Grant (ed) John Ford's Stagecoach
(Cambridge Film Handbooks) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003

Annette Insdorf Indelible Shadows. Film and the Holocaust (3rd ed)
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2003

Norma Barzman
The Red and the Blacklist
New York: Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books 2003

Xavier Mendik (ed) Shocking Cinema of the Seventies
Hereford: Noir Publishing 2002

Xavier Mendik & Steven Jay Schneider (eds) Underground USA: Filmmaking Beyond the Hollywood
Canon
London and New York: Wallflower Press 2002
DVD reviews
Authors: berg Anders , Hedling Erik , Gallagher Tag , Sjholm Charlotte
Published: July 2007

I Am Curious Yellow
Jag r nyfiken gul Sweden 1967

I Am Curious Blue
Jag r nyfiken bl Sweden 1968

DVD USA 2003

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning United Kingdom 1960

DVD United Kingdom 2003

The Loneliness of the Long Distance
Runner Great Britain 1962

DVD United Kingdom 2003

The 400 Blows
Les Quatre cents coups France 1959

Antoine and Colette
Antoine et Colette (segment of Love at Twenty/L'Amour a vingt ans) France/Japan/Germany/Poland/Italy 1963

Stolen Kisses
Baisers vols France 1968

Bed and Board
Domicile conjugal France/Italy 1970

Love on the Run
L'Amour en fuite France 1979

DVD The Adventures of Anto-ine Doinel Five films by Franois Truffaut: The 400 Blows. Antoine and Colette. Stolen Kisses.
Bed and Board. Love on the Run. USA 2003

Coup de Grce
Der Fangschu France/West Germany 1976

DVD USA 2003

The Lost Honor of Katha-rina Blum
Die Verlorene Ehre der Katarina Blum West Germany 1975

DVD USA 2003
Women, Religion and the Video Film in Nigeria
Authors: Okome Onokoome
Published: July 2007

Aspects of a new and booming film industry, by Onookome Okome. With a closer look at Glamour Girls 1 & 2, and End of the Wicked.
Zhang Yimou's Hero and the Temptations of Fascism
Authors: Chan Evans
Published: July 2007

Evans Chan analyzes the career of a director working under restrictions imposed by state censors.
Book reviews
Authors: Belton John , Jasinski Lisa , Chapman James , Schnherr Johannes , Rohdin Mats , Wilson Ronald W , Sjholm Charlotte , Anderson Gillian B
Published: July 2007

Patrick McGilligan
Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light
New York: ReganBooks, 2003

Roy Grundmann
Andy Warhol's Blow Job
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press 2003

Bollywood 3 and Beyond

Gayatri Chatterjee
Mother India
(BFI Film Classic 66) London: British Film Institute 2002

Anupama Chopra
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (The Brave-Hearted Will Take the Bride)
(BFI Modern Classic) London: British Film Institute 2002

Sangeeta Datta
Shyam Benegal
(World Directors Series) London: British Film Institute 2002

Steven Jay Schneider (ed.)
Fear Without Frontiers Horror Cinema Across the Globe
Godalming: FAB Press 2003

Fellini 2

Peter Bondanella
The Films of Federico Fellini, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press 2002

Sam Rohdie
Fellini Lexicon
London: BFI Publishing 2002

Barry Keith Grant (ed.)
Film Genre Reader III
Austin: University of Texas Press 2003

Antje Ascheid
Hitler's Heroines Stardom and Womanhood
in Nazi Cinema
Philadelphia: Temple University Press 2003

Joanna E. Rapf (ed.) On the Waterfront Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003
DVD review
Authors: Niskanen Eija
Published: July 2007

Ikiru Japan, 1952

DVD USA 2003
DVD reviews
Authors: Gartside Will , Jasinski Lisa , Niskanen Eija , Berliner Todd , Kilpi Harri , Palmer Tim
Published: July 2007

Gozu
Gokud kyfu dai-gekij: Gozu Japan 2003

DVD USA 2004

High and Low
Tengoku to Jigoku Japan 1963

DVD United Kingdom 2005

I Live in Fear
Ikimono no kiroku Japan 1955

DVD UK 2005

John Cassavetes: Five
Films USA 1959-1978

Shadows USA 1959

Faces USA 1968

A Woman Under the Influence USA 1974

The Killing of a Chinese Bookie USA 1976 and 1978

Opening Night USA 1977

DVD USA 2005

Memento USA 2000

DVD United Kingdom
2004

Youth of the Beast
Yaju no seishun Japan 1963

DVD USA 2005

Fighting Elegy
Kenka erejii Japan 1966

DVD USA 2005
Ten Zan
Authors: Schnherr Johannes
Published: July 2007

The Story of an Italian/North Korean Action Movie Joint Venture by Johannes Schnherr
Venetian lines
Authors: Lumholdt Jan
Published: July 2007

Despite the loss of his trusty black felt pen, Jan Lumholdt managed to take some notes at the 63rd Venice Film Festival.
Mike Hodges
Authors: Mark Bould
Published: July 2007

Souffis and sexual tightropes: an interview with
A winning perspective:
Authors: Carmen Siu
Published: July 2007

thoughts about the Frank Capra Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Criticism
Marrakech International Film Festival 19 December 2006
Authors: Jan Lumholdt
Published: July 2007

Cross-cultural, ample samples of world cinema and some grand local splendour.
Book Review
Authors: Yamao Dai , Ismael Tareq Y , Haddad William W , Visser Reidar
Published: July 2007

Fusein-Iraku Seiken no Shihai Kouzou (The Ruling Structure of Saddam Husayn's Regime), Keiko Sakai (2003) Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, xvi + 342 pp., 3.045
Iraku: Sensou to Senryou (Iraq: War and Occupation), Keiko Sakai (2004) Tokyo: Iwanami Shinnsho, 244 pp.,
777
Iraku Sensou Deita Bukku (Data Book of the Iraq War), Masayuki Yamauchi and Motohiro Ono (eds.) (2004) Tokyo: Akashi Shoten, 119 pp. text + 139 pp. tables, 2.100
Gendai Islam Sekai Ron (The Islamic World: Heritage, Rebirth and Contemporary Dynamics), Yasushi
Kosugi (2006) Nagoya: Nagoya University Press, xviii + 790 + 114 pp., 6.300
Mudhakkirt: Al-Sir' min ajl al-Dmuqrtiyyah fi al-'Iraq, Muhammad Hadid (2006) London: Dar al-Saqi, 576 pp., ISBN: 1855167220 (pbk), GB 16.00
The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad:
The Lost Legacy of Ancient Mesopotamia, Milbry Polk and Angela M.H. Schuster (eds.) (2005) New York: Henry N. Abrams, 242 pp. including index, ISBN: 0810958724 (hbk), US 35.00.
Revolt on the Tigris: The Al-Sadr Uprising and the Governing of Iraq, Mark Etherington (2005)
London: Hurst, 252 pp. including index, ISBN: 1-85065-773-4 (hbk), 15
Reviews
Authors: Biron Michel , Beugnet Martine , Larrive Pierre , Loingsigh Aedn N , Marsh Kate , Monjib Maati , Moore David Chioni
Published: July 2007

Entre aventures, syllogismes et confessions. Belgique, Roumanie, Suisse, Marc Quaghebeur & Laurent Rossin, (dir.), (2004) Bruxelles: Peter Lang, 377 pp., ISBN 90-5201-209-4 (pbk), 32.50, 23, US $38.95

Reframing Difference: Beur and Banlieue Filmmaking
in France, Carrie Tarr, (2005) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 230 pp., ISBN 0719068770, 14.99

Discours et constructions identitaires, Denise Deshaies and Diane Vincent (eds), (2004) Qubec: Les Presses de l'Universit Laval, 228 pp., ISBN 2763781896 (pbk),
CAN$25

Travel in Twentieth-Century French and Francophone Cultures: The Persistence of Diversity, Charles Forsdick, (2005) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 255 pp., ISBN 0199258295 (hbk), $95.00

France and Indochina: Cultural Representations, Kathryn
Robson and Jennifer Yee (eds), (2005) Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 237 pp., ISBN 0739108409 (pbk), 17.99

Les Juifs de la Rpublique en Algrie et au Maroc: Mmoires d'autres temps, Roger Bensadoun, (2003) Paris: Publisud, 185 pp., ISBN 2866009509 (pbk), 22.60

The
Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Volume 16: The Translations: Federico Garca Lorca, Nicols Guilln, and Jacques Roumain, Langston Hughes (edited by Dellita Martin-Ogunsola), (2003) Columbia: University of Missouri Press, xvii 267 pp., ISBN 0826214355 (hbk), $34.95
City-Squats: The cinema-space as a cave for politics
Authors: Schober Anna
Published: July 2007

The focus of this article is on the cinema as a city-space. It is demonstrated that throughout the twentieth century, different social and political groups constituted themselves around cinemas and handled them euphorically as spaces which seem, more than other city-spaces, suited to
making ideological interventions, to educating the people and deconstructing dominant myths. By using the cinema these groups were transforming it into a space that became connected with the abolition of injustice and the establishment of equality between the sexes and classes; a space where
one could redefine and celebrate one's own identity, or where one could deconstruct dominant stereotypes. Here, enlightenment and the collective awakening to consciousness should happen, and the beginning of a new and more democratic life can start. But besides this we can also find disseminations
of the myth of the good cave, that is the cave as a space for corporality, safety, equality, justice, refuge. Here, the cinema is transformed by emphasizing desires for security, equality, a better world, sensuous gratification and the erotic: and making them narratable. All these groups differentiate
their own cinema-space from mainstream cinemas which are connected with ideological manipulation and untruth. This article thus investigates the tactics of these different groups and relates them to other developments in urban social spaces. Cinema movements are examined in relation to a history
of perception and of the direction of belief, to changes in the public and private spheres and to a history of self-presentation.
Contrary to claims, conventions and culture: An apologia for the Glasgow University Media Group
Authors: Quinn Adrian
Published: July 2007

This article looks at the cultural politics of journalism, broadcast news and media research. Since the appearance of its first book, Bad News (1976), the Glasgow University Media Group (GUMG) has made a sustained contribution to our understanding of media culture and especially
to notions of objectivity and impartiality. Despite this, for the last 30 years the group has been the object of a diffuse and often gratuitous campaign of ridicule and misrepresentation. The authors of this misrepresentation first caricature the group, labelling it a band of Marxist conspiracy
theorists, then blame the group for alienating journalists and retarding the cause of media research. This article presents evidence of this misrepresentation and then offers an apologia for the GUMG, in the now archaic sense that to apologize is to defend. It specifically seeks to explode
some of the enduring myths that have gathered around the GUMG and its work. This article argues that the GUMG still offers us useful and relevant ways of approaching media culture ways which have, in fact, brought scholars and journalists closer together.
Reviews
Authors: Campbell Vincent , Opel Andy , Richardson John E , Tester Keith
Published: July 2007

Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World, Brian McNair (2006) London: Routledge, 248 pp., ISBN: 0415339138 (pbk), 16.99

Global Citizens: Social Movements and the Challenge of Globalization, Marjorie Mayo (2006) Canadian Scholars'
Press Inc.: Toronto and Zed Books: London, 256 pp., ISBN 1842771396 (pbk), 27.50/17.99

Representing Race: Racisms, Ethnicities and Media, John Downing and Charles Husband (2005) London: Sage, 214 pp., ISBN 0-7619-6912-8 (pbk), 18.99

Media and Morality: On the Rise
of the Mediapolis, Roger Silverstone (2007) Cambridge: Polity Press, 256 pp., ISBN 0745635040 (pbk), 16.99
Kidding on the level: the reactionary project of I'd Rather Be Right
Authors: Eisler Garrett
Published: July 2007

An analysis of the text and reception of the neglected 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical I'd Rather Be Right, positioning it as a reactionary response to President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. The composer and lyricist, along with librettists Kaufman and Hart, exploited a pronounced
strain of anti-Roosevelt sentiment among the wealthier strata of the Broadway audience. Targets in the show included such conservative btes noires as high taxes, Social Security, pro-labor legislation, and the Federal Theatre Project. Even the casting of the patriotic and popular George
M. Cohan in the role of FDR undermined the president thanks to the actor's history of anti-labor stances and allegiances with Roosevelt's enemies. Contrary, then, to the presupposition that all Broadway musicals bear a liberal bias, this essay aims to reveal I'd Rather Be Right as a
fundamentally right-wing cultural product.