bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a transit desert interactive dashboard: Supervised modeling for forecasting transit deserts
Authors: Choi Seung Jun , Jiao Junfeng
Published: July 2024

Transit deserts refer to regions with a gap in transit services, with the demand for transit exceeding the supply. This study goes beyond merely identifying transit deserts to suggest actionable solutions. Using a multi-class supervised machine learning framework, we analyzed factors leading to transit deserts, distinguishing demand by gender. Our focus was on peak-time periods. After assessing the Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and K-nearest Neighbor, we settled on the Random Forest method, supported by Diverse Counterfactual Explanation and SHapley Additive Explanation in our analysis. The ranking of feature importance in the trained Random Forest model revealed that factors such as density, design, distance to transit, diversity in the built environment, and sociodemographic characteristics significantly contribute to the classification of transit deserts. Diverse Counterfactual Explanation suggested that a reduction in population density and an increase in the proportion of green open spaces would likely facilitate the transformation of transit deserts into transit oases. SHapley Additive Explanation highlighted the differential impact of various features on each identified transit desert. Our analysis results indicate that identifying transit deserts can vary depending on whether the data is aggregated or separated by demographics. We found areas that have unique transit needs based on gender. The disparity in transit services was particularly pronounced for women. Our model pinpointed the core elements that define a transit desert. Broadly, to address transit deserts, strategies should prioritize the needs of disadvantaged groups and enhance the design and accessibility of transit in the built environment. Our research extends existing analyses of transit deserts by leveraging machine learning to develop a predictive model. We developed a machine learning-powered interactive dashboard. Integrating participatory planning approaches with the development of an interactive interface could enhance ongoing community engagement. Planning practices can evolve with AI in the loop.
Intergroup evaluative bias in facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States
Authors: Hutchings Ryan J. , Morgan Imani , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Todd Andrew R.
Published: July 2024

We used a reverse-correlation image-classification paradigm to visualize facial representations of immigrants and citizens in the United States. Visualizations of immigrants’ faces were judged by independent raters as less trustworthy and less competent and were more likely to be categorized as a non-White race/ethnicity than were visualizations of citizens’ faces. Additionally, image generators’ personal characteristics (e.g., implicit and explicit evaluations of immigrants, nativity status) did not reliably track with independent judges’ ratings of image generators’ representations of immigrants. These findings suggest that anti-immigrant sentiment and racial/ethnic assumptions characterize facial representations of immigrants in the United States, even among people who harbor positivity toward immigrants.
Combined metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the secondary metabolite networks in different growth stages of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f.
Authors: Chen Man , Wang Xia , Ye Yueyu , Li Xiaomei , Li Shiqing , Li Meiya , Jiang Fusheng , Zhang Chunchun
Published: July 2024

Background

Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f. (B. striata) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. B. striata polysaccharides (BSP), stilbenes and 2-isobutyl malic acid glucosoxy-benzyl ester compounds are the main active ingredients in B. striata. However, there is limited report on the changes of medicinal components and their biosynthesis regulation mechanisms in the tubers of B. striata at different stages.

Method

The tubers of B. striata were collected during the flowering period, fruiting period, and harvest period to determine the total polysaccharide content using the phenol sulfuric acid method. The changes in secondary metabolites in the tubers at these stages were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and transcriptomics was conducted for further exploration of their biosynthetic pathways.

Result

The BSP content gradually increases from the flowering period to the fruiting period as the tubers develop, reaching its peak, but subsequently decreases at harvest time, which may be associated with the germination of B. striata buds in later stage. A total of 294 compounds were identified in this study. Among them, a majority of the compounds, such as 2-isobutyl malate gluconoxy-benzyl ester, exhibited high content during the fruit stage, while stilbenes like coelonin, 3’-O-methylbatatasin III, and blestriarene A accumulated during the harvesting period. The transcriptome data also revealed a substantial number of differentially expressed genes at various stages, providing a partial explanation for the complex changes in metabolites. We observed a correspondence between the expression pattern of GDP-Man biosynthesis-related enzyme genes and cumulative changes in BSP. And identified a positive correlation between 9 transcription factors and genes associated with polysaccharide biosynthesis, while 5 transcription factors were positively correlated with accumulation of 2-isobutyl malate gluconoxy-benzyl ester compounds and 5 transcription factors exhibited negative correlated with stilbene accumulation.

Conclusion

It is imperative to determine the appropriate harvesting period based on the specific requirements of different active ingredients and the accumulation patterns of their metabolites. Considering the involvement of multiple transcription factors in the biosynthesis and accumulation of its active ingredients, a comprehensive investigation into the specific regulatory mechanisms that facilitate high-quality cultivation of B. striata is imperative.
Medical image segmentation based on simulated annealing and opposition-based learning island algorithm
Authors: JiMing M. A. , HongYu Duan , YuFan Wang , LiNa Wang
Published: July 2024

With the development of society and changes in the human living environment, people are increasingly attaching importance to their own health. Regarding medical imaging examinations of certain parts of the body, the process of medical image segmentation has become extremely important. This paper presents a novel hybrid algorithm: SAOBL-IA, a fusion of the Simulated Annealing(SA), Opposition-based Learning(OBL)and Island Algorithm(IA). The Island Algorithm itself suffers from slow convergence speed and the tendency to get stuck in local optimum. To address these limitations, we introduce opposition-based learning to enhance the search range and avoid local optimum. Furthermore, we leverage the simulated annealing approach to accelerate the convergence of SAOBL-IA. Comparing the experimental results, it can be seen that SAOBL-IA has better comprehensive performance. Subsequently, the SAOBL-IA algorithm is utilized in conjunction with an optimized two-dimensional OTSU fusion segmentation technique for the purpose of medical image processing. This study proposes an application of image segmentation based on the SAOBL-IA. The segmentation of pixels around the background and target regions using the two-dimensional OTSU method faces challenges in terms of accuracy. To address this issue, an adaptive thresholding technique known as Adaptive Forking is employed for optimization. By determining the slope of the fork based on the misclassified pixel ratio, enhanced segmentation accuracy can be achieved. This improved approach is then integrated with the SAOBL-IA algorithm and applied to the segmentation of lung medical images. The experimental findings show that the amalgamation of SAOBL-IA with the adaptive two-dimensional OTSU segmentation approach, as proposed in this study, manifests superior segmentation speed and enhanced precision in the context of medical image segmentation.
The spatial heterogeneity of urban green space distribution and configuration in Lilongwe City, Malawi
Authors: Nambazo Odala , Nazombe Kennedy
Published: July 2024

Urban green spaces provide several benefits related to the quality of urban life. The existence and spatial arrangement of these spaces within neighbourhoods and functional land uses have significant implications for the well-being of urban dwellers. Previous studies on green spaces in urban areas of Malawi have focused on a broader and macro-level perspective, offering insightful information on general trends in different cities. However, there is a significant research shortage in localised understanding, which requires carrying out micro-level assessments concentrating on land use zones and neighbourhoods within these cities. In this study, we used remote sensing data and landscape metrics to understand the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces in the city’s neighbourhoods and functional land uses and their relationship with urban form. The study revealed that 20% of neighbourhoods fail to meet the WHO-recommended standard of 9 m2 of green space per person, with a predominant concentration of these undersupplied areas in high-density and quasi-residential zones. In addition, 56.2% of Lilongwe City’s total green area was contained under functional land uses. Particularly, high-rise residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, quasi-residential, high-rise flat area, commercial class, high-rise commercial, heavy industry, light industry, and government land use zones contained 17.3%, 12.0%, 22.2%, 12.0%, 4.1%, 6.4%, 6.1%, 5.0%, 1.6%, and 13.3% of the total green spaces in functional land uses, respectively. Importantly, this research found significant correlations between urban form metrics, namely building coverage, building density, building perimeter area ratio, road density, and the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces. This necessitates an integrated approach to urban planning and design, emphasising the importance of balancing development with green space preservation.
Unraveling the role of computed tomography derived body composition metrics on anastomotic leakages rates in rectal cancer surgery: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Broekman Mark , Genders Charlotte M. S. , Geitenbeek Ritchie T. J. , Havenga Klaas , Kruijff Schelto , Klaase Joost M. , Viddeleer Alain R. , Consten Esther C. J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Anastomotic leakage is a major concern following total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer, affecting oncological outcomes, morbidity an treatment costs. Body composition has been suggested to influence anastomotic leakage rates. However, literature on how body composition impact anastomotic leakage rates is conflicting. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of computed tomography derived body composition metrics on anastomotic leakage rates in rectal cancer patients.

Methods

Databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, web of science, and EMBASE, will be systematically searched for papers from January 2010 onwards. Study selection, data collection and quality assessment will be independently performed by three research fellows. Outcomes described in three or more studies will be included in the meta-analysis. The Q-test and I2 statistic will be used to assess statistical heterogeneity between studies. Publication bias will be examined by visual inspection of funnel plots and quantified by Egger’s test. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to examine the robustness of the meta-analysis. Reporting of the findings will be in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Conclusions

This systematic review will synthesize the current evidence and will identify knowledge gaps. Results of the systematic review will aid health care professional in pre-operative decision making and will be distributed through a peer-reviewed publication and presentation of results at international meetings.

Trial registration

PROSPERO protocol number: CRD42023471537.
MONITORAMENTO PLUVIOMÉTRICO E DE ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREAS URBANAS
Authors: Barbassa Ademir Paceli
Published: July 2024

A precipitação é um fenômeno que envolve variações espaciais e temporais que dificultam sua quantificação. O escoamento superficial, em geral, é obtido indiretamente através da medida de nível, que, também é susceptível a variações temporais. Entretanto as escalas de medida são bem maiores que aquelas encontradas em pluviometria. Além das características dos eventos, existem outros fatores que intervêm, como o processo de medição usado pelo equipamento escolhido, o conhecimento dos processos de medida, local de instalação, capacitação do observador e etc.. Levantaram-se a partir de testes em laboratório e campo, usando equipamentos totalmente eletrônicos de medida pluviométrica e de nível, questões relacionadas à calibração, instalação, manutenção, operação e qualidade da medida.
Os resultados destas avaliações ilustram o comportamento deste tipo de equipamento e as possibilidades de monitoramento em meio urbano. Foram conduzidos numerosos testes e, ainda assim, não se conhecem completamente os aparelhos. Os usuários dos dados hidrológicos normalmente não se preocupam, o suficiente, com a qualidade dos registros. Os erros médios encontrados para os pluviógrafos variaram de -4,76% para 3,7 mm/h até 1,13% para 78 mm/h. O intervalo de medida afeta a precisão, pois sendo pequeno o intervalo a altura precipitada também o é, caindo na faixa de maior erro. Para pequenas alturas de lâmina o linígrafo produz maiores erros. Estes equipamentos facilitam sobremaneira o monitoramento quando comparado com registradores convencionais. A instalação do linígrafo eletrônico é notadamente mais simples. As propostas de instalação dos pluviógrafos a 5,5 m do solo, embora fora das recomendações, viabilizou a coleta de dados. Tanto linígrafo quanto pluviógrafo eletrônicos têm autonomia de medida maiores e facilitam a manipulação dos dados, por estarem em arquivos. Exigem entretanto maiores capacitação do técnico e outros cuidados na operação e manutenção. São também apresentadas dificuldades encontradas e o método usado para levantar as curvas-chave.
ความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะของกลุ่มครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมผู้เกษียณอายุให้สามารถประกอบอาชีพเสริมในยุคเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล
Authors: กายอรุณสุทธิ์ เจตริน ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ, ทองประสิทธิ์ กุลทรัพย์ , บุณยโสภณ ธีรวุฒิ ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ,   มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ
Published: July 2024

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะของกลุ่มครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมผู้เกษียณอายุให้สามารถประกอบอาชีพเสริมในยุคเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล ประชากรที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ กลุ่มครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมที่เกษียณอายุตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ.2560 ถึงปี พ.ศ.2564 จำนวน 38 คน และกลุ่มครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมที่จะเกษียณอายุตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ.2565 ถึงปี พ.ศ.2569 จำนวน 78 คน รวมทั้งหมดจำนวน 116 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ แบบสอบถาม สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ของเพียร์สัน ผลการวิจัย พบว่า ครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมมีความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะ ด้านความรู้ โดยภาพรวม อยู่ในระดับมาก โดยเมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายข้อ 3 อันดับแรก พบว่า ครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมมีความต้องการเพิ่มพูนความรู้การสร้างคอนเทนต์ให้น่าสนใจและเหมาะสมกับกลุ่มเป้าหมาย ซึ่งอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด รองลงมาการใช้ Facebook Marketing ในการส่งเสริม e–Business และเทคนิควิธีการถ่ายภาพสินค้าให้สวยงามอยู่ในระดับมาก สำหรับความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะด้านทักษะ โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายข้อ 3 อันดับแรก พบว่า ครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมมีความต้องการเพิ่มพูนทักษะวิธีการใช้ Facebook Marketing ในการส่งเสริมธุรกิจอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (E-Business) มากที่สุด รองลงมาวิธีการใช้เครื่องมือพื้นฐานของการตลาดผ่านสื่อสังคมออนไลน์ และวิธีการโพสต์ขายสินค้าในรูปแบบคลิปวิดีโอ การถ่ายภาพ การตกแต่งภาพให้สวยงาม ซึ่งอยู่ในระดับมากทั้ง 3 ข้อ ในขณะที่ความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะด้านคุณลักษณะที่พึงประสงค์โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายข้อ 3 อันดับแรก พบว่า ครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมมีความต้องการพัฒนาคุณลักษณะที่พึงประสงค์ ความกล้าคิด กล้าทำสิ่งใหม่ ๆ ที่เป็นประโยชน์ต่อตนเองและบุคคลอื่นมากที่สุด รองลงมาความรับผิดชอบต่องานที่ได้รับมอบหมายได้เป็นอย่างดี และความอ่อนน้อมถ่อมตน ซึ่งอยู่ในระดับมากทั้ง 3 ข้อ นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสมรรถนะของความต้องการพัฒนาสมรรถนะของกลุ่มครูช่างอุตสาหกรรมผู้เกษียณอายุให้สามารถประกอบอาชีพเสริมในยุคเศรษฐกิจดิจิทัล พบว่า โดยรวม มีความสัมพันธ์ทางบวก อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.01
Tratamento ortodôntico interceptativo e corretivo da má oclusão de Classe III, utilizando miniparafusos extra-alveolares na buccal shelf e aparelhos autoligáveis passivos com prescrições variáveis: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Villela Henrique Mascarenhas
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Alguns tratamentos para más oclusões podem ser estrategicamente divididos em duas fases. A primeira fase envolve a interceptação de problemas dentários ou esqueléticos durante a dentição mista, visando normalizar o crescimento ou a troca dos dentes. Um exemplo é a correção eficaz da atresia maxilar através da expansão rápida da maxila nesta fase. Entretanto, mesmo após normalizar os problemas transversais, pode ser necessário intervenções adicionais no futuro. A segunda fase consiste na correção definitiva da má oclusão, geralmente iniciada no final da dentição mista ou no início da dentição permanente. O uso de miniparafusos extra-alveolares na buccal shelf para ancoragem esquelética na retrusão da arcada inferior, associado a aparelhos autoligáveis com prescrição individualizada, tem demonstrado eficácia no tratamento das más oclusões de Classe III, permitindo uma compensação dentária localizada na mandíbula e controlando o componente vertical. Objetivo: Este artigo relata um caso clínico que utilizou a expansão rápida da maxila como tratamento interceptativo na dentição mista para corrigir mordida cruzada posterior. Na segunda fase do tratamento, foram utilizados miniparafusos extra-alveolares na buccal shelf como ancoragem para retrair a arcada inferior e corrigir a má oclusão de Classe III, controlando o componente vertical. Conclusão: A estratégia de tratamento interceptativo foi eficaz na correção da mordida cruzada posterior durante a dentição mista. Na segunda fase, durante a dentição permanente, o uso de miniparafusos extra-alveolares em conjunto com aparelhos autoligáveis mostrou-se eficiente na correção da má oclusão de Classe III.
Como confeccionar disjuntor híbrido para distalização e recuperação de espaço
Authors: Caldas Luciana Duarte , Nigri Anna Paula , Nojima Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A perda precoce dos segundos molares decíduos superiores durante a infância é relativamente comum e frequentemente associada à erupção ectópica do primeiro molar permanente. Nestes casos, a distalização é frequentemente necessária para recuperar espaço. Objetivo: Descrever a confecção de um aparelho expansor híbrido com mola de NiTi aberta comprimida, permitindo distalização contínua sem a necessidade de ativações periódicas pelo ortodontista. Conclusão: O uso do expansor descrito minimiza efeitos colaterais comuns e otimiza o tempo de tratamento.
Desempeño financiero de las multinacionales: Una revisión bibliométrica y análisis de tendencias
Authors: Díaz Restrepo Carlos Andrés , Agudelo Aguirre Alberto Antonio
Published: July 2024

El propósito de esta investigación es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la evolución de la investigación en el desempeño financiero de las multinacionales, (MNE), utilizando análisis bibliométrico y de redes, en un intento de mapear esta área de conocimiento e identificar tendencias emergentes de investigación. Igualmente, este artículo permite establecer las corrientes de investigación que emergen en la actualidad sobre el tema estudiado. A partir de 687 registros recuperados de Web of Science y Scopus, durante el periodo 2000 - 2021, se realizó un mapeo científico para identificar los documentos, autores, revistas, instituciones y países más relevantes en el campo; además, a través de un análisis de redes se establecen los principales grupos de documentos y las direcciones de investigación que están asumiendo. Se identificaron cuatro principales áreas que emergen de la literatura: desempeño financiero de las MNE que realizan actividades de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), impacto del aprovechamiento y transferencia de las ventajas competitivas de las MNE, relación de la diversificación de países de la MNE y, finalmente, ventajas de los países en los que la MNE está ubicada frente al desempeño financiero.
ONE-PERSON LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: CONSIDERING COMPANY’S ORGAN GOVERNANCE OF THE INDONESIAN LEGAL ENTITIES FOR MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kholifah Ayu , Kurniawan Shelly
Published: July 2024

The government continues to strive to improve the ease of doing business, one of which is legitimizing the existence of a new entity intended for micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The entity is a One-Person Limited Liability Company, which is familiar for particular countries with higher ease of doing business than Indonesia. However, this new business form for MSEs is unique and has different characteristics from other countries. The new regulation restricts the founder and shareholders, who can only be natural persons and cannot be more than one. The problem is that the law obscurity of the company's organ emerges not following previous regulations because there is no obligation to have supervisory bodies on it. Being the only different entity can be an advantage, but it can also be a rash act. This normative legal research uses the comparative law method to identify problems in statutory regulation. The result shows a legal vacuum in the new regulation of Indonesian one-person companies’ organs, whether they should implement the one-tier board or have the option to adopt the two-tier board system. The thing to consider is supervisory bodies should remain within an entity with limited liability regardless of its system.
THE CHALLENGES OF ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW IMPLEMENTATION IN ACEH SHARIAH COURT
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Novendra Carissa Shifa , Reyhan M. Farel
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the reconstruction of Islamic criminal law within the Aceh Shariah Court, highlighting its historical, socio-cultural, and legal context. Aceh, recognized for its special autonomy and predominantly Muslim population, has enacted various qanuns (regional Islamic laws) since 2001 to implement Islamic Sharia, encompassing both civil and criminal law. The study employs non doctrinal research to analyze the framework and challenges of implementing Islamic criminal law in Aceh. The legal substance, including Law No. 11 of 2006 and various qanuns, facilitates public participation and supports the integration of Islamic principles into regional governance. The research discusses the pluralistic legal system in Aceh, incorporating state law, customary law, and Islamic law, and examines the role of the Sharia Court in adjudicating cases under Islamic law. The study identifies two main issues: the enforceability of the qanun concerning non-Muslims and human rights, and the proportionality of punishments. Despite criticisms, the qanuns aim to enhance justice and prosperity in Aceh, reflecting the strong religious and cultural identity of the region. The paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity of ongoing adaptation and refinement in the application of Islamic criminal law to address societal needs and uphold human rights.
TRANSFER OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT AS A COMPANY ASSET IN BANKRUPTCY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Al Asy'arie Moh. Asadullah Hasan , Rahmanda Bagus , Prasetyo Khanza Anindita
Published: July 2024

The transfer of intellectual property rights (IPR) as a company asset during bankruptcy proceedings in Indonesia presents a complex legal landscape. This study examines the gap between existing legal frameworks and the practical realities faced by companies undergoing bankruptcy. Specifically, the research addresses the lack of clear guidelines on the valuation, transfer, and protection of IP rights, which are critical assets in the modern economy. This  study  utilizes the three research methods, which are Normative Approach and Conceptual Approach. Findings indicate significant inconsistencies and ambiguities in the legal treatment of IPR in bankruptcy cases. The aim of this research is to provide an understanding of how IPR can be included in the bankruptcy estate and distributed to entitled creditors based on an assessment by the curator. In conclusion, this research found that recommendations for legal amendments and policy interventions to bridge the identified gaps, thereby enhancing the protection and transferability of IP rights in bankruptcy contexts in Indonesia.
ANALISIS BUY BACK GUARANTEE DALAM PERJANJIAN ANTAR BANK DENGAN DEVELOPER PADA KREDIT PEMILIKAN RUMAH
Authors: Qatrunnada Alicia , Badriyah Siti Malikhatun , Prananda Rahandy Rizki
Published: July 2024

Buy back guarantee adalah jaminan membeli kembali yang terdapat di dalam perjanjian jual beli yang lahir dari adanya asas kebebasan berkontrak. Dalam pelaksanaannya buy back guarantee dapat dilihat pada perjanjian antar bank dengan Perusahaan Pembangunan Rumah (developer) pada Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendalami mengenai pengaturan dan legalitas perjanjian buy back guarantee sebagai bentuk jaminan dalam KPR antara bank dengan developer serta tanggung jawab developer pada user (nasabah) dan bank terkait buy back guarantee pada KPR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan Yuridis-Normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini ialah legalitas perjanjian buy back guarantee antara bank dengan developer dilakukan berdasarkan asas kebebasan berkontrak dan konsensualisme di mana para pihak dibebaskan untuk menyepakati isi perjanjian dan objek perjanjian sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kesepakatan bersama sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan undang-undang yang berlaku. Sedangkan pertanggung jawaban developer pada KPR didasari adanya perjanjian dengan bank dan user.
PEMENUHAN HAK AKSESIBILITAS DAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DALAM MENGGUNAKAN TRANSPORTASI UMUM
Authors: Afattar Muhammad Galuh Wiryadi , Susanto Sri Nur Hari , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo
Published: July 2024

Negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memberi dan melindungi hak-hak penyandang disabilitas termasuk dalam menggunakan transportasi umum. Hak-hak penyandang disabilitas yang harus dipenuhi dalam penyediaan layanan transportasi umum adalah hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik sebagaimana diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah masih belum maksimalnya penyediaan fasilitas dan layanan bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan menguraikan pengaturan terkait pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum; melakukan identifikasi dan menganalisis pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum; dan melakukan identifikasi dan menguraikan hambatan dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian sosiolegal, yaitu berfokus kepada implementasi kebijakan hukum positif secara faktual di masyarakat untuk mencapai suatu tujuan yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data yang terdiri dari kegiatan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data berupa penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum belum terpenuhi dengan baik. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pelaksanaan peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai kewajiban bagi penyelenggara transportasi umum untuk menyediakan fasilitas dan perlakuan khusus dalam melayani penyandang disabilitas yang belum optimal. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemenuhan hak aksesibilitas dan pelayanan publik bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam menggunakan transportasi umum meliputi alokasi anggaran yang terbatas, lahan yang terbatas, Sumber Daya Manusia belum memadai, dan penyelenggaraan layanan oleh operator. Adapun solusi yang diberikan terhadap hambatan tersebut adalah penyediaan fasilitas ramah disabilitas secara bertahap, penyediaan lahan yang lebih memadai, optimalisasi petugas dan teknologi sebagai alat informasi, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, serta penegakan SPM dan pengawasan kepada operator.
IMPLIKASI PENGGUNAAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TERHADAP HAK-HAK PEKERJA (STUDI TERHADAP FACE RECOGNITION BOARDING GATE DI STASIUN SEMARANG TAWANG BANK JATENG)
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Yusuf , Azhar Muhamad , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai pengaturan terkait penggunaan artificial intelligence pada bidang ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia serta implikasi penggunaan artificial intelligence terhadap hak hak pekerja di PT Kereta Api Indonesia pasca penggunaan face recognition boarding gate di Stasiun Semarang Tawang Bank Jateng. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan non doktrinal dengan pengonsepan hukum sebagai law in actions atau hukum dalam dunia nyata. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan metode pengambilan data secara observasi dan wawancara dengan pekerja PT Kereta Api Indonesia di Kantor Daerah Operasi IV Semarang sehingga menghasilkan data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat aturan khusus yang mengatur penggunaan artificial intelligence secara eksplisit utamanya di bidang ketenagakerjaan, aturan yang sudah ada berupa aturan aturan parsial mengenai teknologi yang belum bisa dikatakan termasuk jenis artificial intelligence. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan face recognition boarding gate di Stasiun Semarang Tawang Bank Jateng memang mempunyai implikasi terhadap pekerja, namun ke arah yang positif, yaitu mengurangi beban kerja petugas check in untuk memeriksa tiket pelanggan. Mengenai hak hak pekerja, tidak terdapat implikasi dari penggunaan face recognition boarding gate, hak hak pekerja tetap terpenuhi sama seperti sebelum penggunaan face recognition boarding gate.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties of alcoholic extract and antibacterial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L., Leaves
Authors: Al-Tayawi Thekra Sideeq , Ade Esraa M , Omer Farah Hazim
Published: July 2024

Antibiotic resistance is increasing due to the increased use of antibiotics. The emergence of new antibacterial drugs with fewer side effects than antibiotics is an issue. The medicinal plant rosemary is widely used in traditional medicine. In this study, an ethanol extract from the leaves of this plant was tested against the most common hospital-acquired infections. The following study aimed to ascertain the phytochemicals, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of commercial rosemary flavonoids in leaf extract used on major hospital pathogens through disc diffusion and MIC tests. The Rosmarinus officinalis plant was used in this experimental study to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy against pathogens by disc diffusion and MIC tests. The leaves of this plant were extracted in ethanol at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, and 25 mg/ml and evaluated for their antimicrobial effect against several pathogenic strains. In addition, the optical density in the spectrophotometer (620 nm) was used to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. In this investigation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were all sensitive to the effects of the ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of E. coli and P. aeruginosa in this extract changed from 25 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml concentration, while the other types of bacteria required only 200 and 100 mg/ml. These findings imply that high concentrations of rosemary extract inhibited all species, including E. coli, S. aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and E. faecalis.
The extraction method used for English–Chinese machine translation corpus based on bilingual sentence pair coverage
Authors: Dang Penghua
Published: July 2024

To improve the effect of corpus extraction in bilingual English–Chinese machine translation (ECMT), this article combines a machine learning algorithm with the ECMT corpus extraction method based on bilingual sentence pair coverage. Aiming at the propagation characteristics of medium- and short-range speeches, and employing multi-band speech waveforms in the troposphere, the actual requirements of remote machine translation are combined with the free-space, 1546, and the dual-path models, respectively, to analyze three typical air-to-ground wave propagation models. A simulation is conducted for both predictions and comparisons. In addition, a radio wave propagation model within the line of sight in the troposphere is established. The results suggest that the improved dual-path model is consistent with the propagation characteristics of radio waves in the troposphere. Moreover, the experiments show that the proposed ECMT corpus extraction method based on bilingual sentence pair coverage can play an important role in more accurate English–Chinese translations.
Ausflug in ein ‚Niemandsland‘ der brandenburgischen Landesgeschichte
Authors: Stegmann Andreas
Published: July 2024

Die 2022 veröffentlichte Biografie des brandenburgischen Kurfürsten Joachim II. von Mathis Leibetseder ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht problematisch: Ihre Quellenbasis ist zu schmal, sie vernachlässigt die Quellenkritik, sie zeigt Mängel im Umgang mit dem Forschungsdiskurs und sie präsentiert eine fragwürdige Deutung Joachims II. Das umfangreiche Buch bedarf einer kritischen Besprechung und es lädt ein, über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Erforschung der brandenburgischen Landes- und Kirchengeschichte des 16. Jahrhunderts nachzudenken.
Comprehensive review of the heart failure management guidelines presented by the American College of Cardiology and the current supporting evidence
Authors: Lazareva Lia , Shubrook Jay H. , Dhond Milind
Published: July 2024

Context

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition that affects the heart's functional capacity, resulting in symptoms such as fatigue, edema, and dyspnea. It affects millions of adults in the United States and presents challenges in optimizing treatment and coordinating care among clinicians. Additionally, the various classifications for HF and limited research on treatment outcomes in heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) further complicate the pharmacological management of patients with this disease.

Objectives

The objectives of this article are to review the pharmacotherapy guidelines for HF provided by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and offer an update on the current trials conducted on these agents.

Methods

The paper includes a post hoc analysis of established randomized controlled trials (RCTs), current RCTs, analysis of HF registries, and the guidelines published by the ACC. The gathering of research began in June 2023 and completed in August 2023. PubMed was utilized with the following search items: “treatment for HFrEF” (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), “treatment for HFmrEF,” and “treatment for HFpEF.” The screening process was completed by one author. The automation tools utilized were “clinical trials,” “randomized control trials,” and “five years”. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports were excluded from the screening process. This review does not include research regarding medical devices, interventional therapies, and lifestyle modifications. Finally, research regarding additional comorbidities, nonpharmacological focused research, and agents not recommended by the ACC are not included in this paper.

Results

The search began with 6,561 records identified from PubMed, with 407 records screened after automation tools were utilized to filter for “clinical trials,” “randomized control trials,” “one year,” and “five years”. A total of 22 duplicates were reviewed, 318 were sought for screening after trials from 2019 were removed, and 31 studies were ultimately included in the review. A detailed summary of the most recent recommendations by the ACC are provided. The discussion includes indications, mechanisms of action, side effects, and contraindications for the selected agents. Additionally, recent clinical trials are included to provide evidence on the efficacy of the recommended classes of drugs.

Conclusions

The current guidelines for managing HFrEF have been consistent, but there is limited consensus on treating HFmrEF and HFpEF. Large RCTs have provided compelling evidence supporting the use of the recommended pharmacological agents. However, despite the new effective treatment protocols, slow clinical inertia and underoptimization of HF management persist. Thus, it is crucial to synchronize care among clinicians involved in managing patients with this disease.
Fuzzy reliability algorithm for the shutdown system of research reactor
Authors: Selim Hala K. G.
Published: July 2024

Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) has been applied to evaluate the safety of nuclear reactor systems. The results of PSA are used by designers, utilities and regulatory body to confirm the reactor design, to change operation procedures, to enhance the reliability of safety systems, or to modify regulation. Fault tree analysis (FTA) has been used as a deductive means for PSA. System components are assumed to always have defined failure probabilities; however, in reality this assumption is questionable and sometimes there is insufficient data about the failure probability of some components. To solve this problem, fuzzy approaches have been proposed and implemented. The aim of this study is to apply a fuzzy reliability algorithm to estimate basic events failure probabilities for the shutdown system of a research reactor. The reactor is a 22 MW light water open pool type material test reactor and the shutdown system is responsible for the fast shutdown of the reactor whenever safety limits are exceeded. Then, to illustrate the ability of the algorithm, the results are compared with real basic event failure probabilities. The results verify the competence of the algorithm and confirm that it can be applied as an alternative method when quantitative data are not available. Also, a risk importance measure is done on the fault tree of the shutdown system to illustrate which components need to be focused for improvements to achieve the safe operation of shutdown system.
Reliability analysis of digital reactor protection systems in floating nuclear power plants
Authors: Xie Xi-Wen , Yin Chang-Zheng , Peng Chang-Hong
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a reliability model for digital reactor protection systems (RPSs) in floating nuclear power plants (FNPPs) that accounts for both the internal characteristics of RPS and the external environment. The internal characteristics of RPS include independent failures and common-cause failures (CCFs) of components, repair behavior, and actuation logic degradation. For the external environment, we incorporated a parts-pressure method and used the environmental factors to describe the impact of marine environment at component level. Detailed Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) algorithm was proposed to solve the reliability models with different environmental factors, and the results showed that the maximum value of the environmental factor was 3.2 under the requirements that the probability for RPS failing to generate the trip signal does not exceed 1 × 10−5 and the spurious trip frequency does not exceed one time per year. Reliability indexes, such as failure probability and spurious trip frequency, were also derived. The 90 % confidence intervals of these two indexes were further calculated in the uncertainty analysis by using the kernel density estimation (KDE) approach.
Areal and phylogenetic dimensions of word order variation in Indo-European languages
Authors: Ebert Christian , Bickel Balthasar , Widmer Paul
Published: July 2024

Both areal and phylogenetic affiliation have been discussed as driving factors of the distribution of word order in the languages of the world. However, disentangling the interaction of these two factors is challenging. Here we take Indo-European as a test case. Word order in this family is largely homogeneous both within areas and within branches, which makes it difficult to assess which factor was more important in shaping the present-day distribution. To break out of this impasse we turn to corpus data and explicit statistical modeling. Building on a parallel corpus of movie subtitles, we investigate word order on the sentence level under stable pragmatic conditions. We measure the similarity of word order variation between pairs of languages with an information-theoretic distance metric. Using cluster analysis and variation partitioning methods these distance metrics show that phylogenetic distance predicts more variation than geographical distance, but the most important predictor is the shared fraction where phylogeny and area overlap. We conclude that word order has evolved along both dimensions and cannot be reduced to a single one.
Strafschnelligkeit – die in der empirischen Forschung vernachlässigte Dimension der negativen Generalprävention Bisherige Evidenzen und neue Befunde
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut , Leitgöb Heinz
Published: July 2024

Die Zeitspanne zwischen der Ausführung einer rechtswidrigen Handlung und ihrer Bestrafung markiert ein in der empirischen Abschreckungsforschung stark vernachlässigtes Thema. Während die Konsequenzen der Strafwahrscheinlichkeit und Strafhärte vielfach untersucht wurden, gibt es zur generalpräventiven Bedeutsamkeit der Strafschnelligkeit kaum Befunde. Die vorliegende Arbeit will diesem Ungleichgewicht entgegentreten. Dazu werden im Anschluss an eine Sichtung des einschlägigen Forschungsstands die Ergebnisse einer Szenariostudie zur Vandalismusdelinquenz junger Menschen vorgestellt. Die Resultate lassen keine signifikanten Effekte der Sanktionierungsgeschwindigkeit erkennen. In dem Bereich, in dem das Kriminaljustizsystem eine Verfahrensbeschleunigung leisten kann, scheint eine raschere gerichtliche Bestrafung keine generalpräventiven Erfolge zu bringen.
Synthesis and crystal structure of (Z)-4-((1-(3-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, C19H14FN5O
Authors: Konovalova Irina S. , Geleverya Anna O. , Semenets Anton , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Reiss Guido J.
Published: July 2024

C19H14FN5O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2944(3) Å, b = 12.2032(5) Å, c = 18.1070(7) Å, β = 95.807(4)°, V = 1603.52(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0451, wR
ref = 0.1217, T = 100(2) K.
Double diffusion convection of Maxwell–Cattaneo fluids in a vertical slot
Authors: Sun Yanjun , Wang Jialu , Jia Beinan , Chang Long , Jian Yongjun
Published: July 2024

The convection stability of Maxwell–Cattaneo fluids in a vertical double-diffusive layer is investigated. Maxwell–Cattaneo fluids mean that the response of the heat flux with respect to the temperature gradient satisfies a relaxation time law rather than the classical Fourier one. The Chebyshev collocation method is used to resolve the linearized forms of perturbation equations, leading to the formulation of stability eigenvalue problem. By numerically solving the eigenvalue problem, the neutral stability curves in the a–Gr plane for the different values of solute Rayleigh number RaS are obtained. Results show that increasing the double diffusion effect and Louis number Le can suppress the convective instability. Furthermore, compared with Fourier fluid, the Maxwell–Cattaneo fluids in a vertical slot cause an oscillation on the neutral stability curve. The appearance of Maxwell–Cattaneo effect enhances the convection instability. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that the Maxwell–Cattaneo effect for convective instability becomes stronger as the Prandtl number rises. That means Prandtl number (Pr) also has a significant effect on convective instability. Moreover, the occurrence of two minima on the neutral curve can be found when Pr reaches 12.
Mechanically sustainable and primary recycled thermo-responsive ABS–PLA polymer composites for 4D printing applications: Fabrication and studies
Authors: Thakur Vishal , Singh Rupinder , Kumar Ranvijay , Sharma Shubham , Singh Sunpreet , Li Changhe , Zhang Yanbin , Eldin Sayed M. , Alqarni Sondos Abdullah
Published: July 2024

3D printing is one of the plastic recycling processes that deliver a mechanically sustainable product and may be used for 4D printing applications, such as self-assembly, sensors, actuators, and other engineering applications. The success and implementation of 4D printing are dependent on the tendency of the shape memory with the action of external stimuli, such as heat, force, fields, light, and pH. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) are the most common materials for fused filament fabrication-based 3D printing processes. However, the low-shaped memory tendency on heating and weaker and less rigidity of ABS limit the application domains. PLA is an excellent responsive behavior when the action of heat has high stiffness. The incorporation of PLA into ABS is one of the solutions to tune the shape memory effect for better applicability in the 4D printing domain. In this study, the primary recycled PLA was incorporated into the primary recycled ABS matrix from 5 to 40% (weight%), and composites were made by extrusion in the form of cylindrical filaments for 4D printing. The tensile and shape memory properties of the recycled ABS–PLA composites were investigated to select the best combination. The results of the study were supported by fracture analysis by shape memory analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. This study revealed that the prepared ABS–PLA-based composites have the potential to be applied in self-assembly applications.
Incretin-mediated control of cardiac energy metabolism
Authors: Chan Jordan S F , Shafaati Tanin , Ussher John R
Published: July 2024

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) are incretin hormones that stimulate insulin secretion and improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data from several cardiovascular outcome trials for GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have demonstrated significant reductions in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with T2D. Although the cardiovascular actions attributed to GLP-1R agonism have been extensively studied, little is known regarding the cardiovascular consequences attributed to GIP receptor (GIPR) agonism. As there is now an increasing focus on the development of incretin-based co-agonist therapies that activate both the GLP-1R and GIPR, it is imperative that we understand the mechanism(s) through which these incretins impact cardiovascular function. This is especially important considering that cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of death in individuals with T2D. With increasing evidence that perturbations in cardiac energy metabolism are a major contributor to the pathology of diabetes-related cardiovascular disease, this may represent a key component through which GLP-1R and GIPR agonism influence cardiovascular outcomes. Not only do GIP and GLP-1 increase the secretion of insulin, they may also modify glucagon secretion, both of which have potent actions on cardiac substrate utilization. Herein we will discuss the potential direct and indirect actions through which GLP-1R and GIPR agonism impact cardiac energy metabolism while interrogating the evidence to support whether such actions may account for incretin-mediated cardioprotection in T2D.