bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration in the Educational System in Israel and Its Influenceon Social Stratificationin a Changing World
Authors: Franco Manor Sali
Published: January 2020

Among the phenomena that characterize modern society it is possible to note the appearance of complex political, occupational, and sectorial systems of status and the weakening of the ‘class’ factor in its ideological meaning. The main result of this development was the steadily increasing conflictbetween, on the one hand, the trends of economic development and the new centers of power and, on the other hand, the mobility of new groups. All the groups competed among themselves over the additions of income, accessibility to economic resources, and positions of influencein the government system as well as over the creation of autonomous frameworks. An important part in these sectorial formations is related to the positioning of education in the entire stratifiedsystem. The statement that the extension of education has not resulted in the reduction of social gaps in the professional field,especially between employees, is correct, yet conversely it did drive a process of change in the evaluation of different subjects and a change in the perception of education as a necessary state of specialization. This aspect constitutes an important factor in the processing of the stratifiedmap and in the formation of the class awareness. The education systems, which are the main organizations to inculcate education, can determine who is qualifiedand who is not qualifiedto filldifferent employment roles; they have become the main device for the achievement of social and economic status.
Waldemar Furmanek, Humanistyczna pedagogika pracy. Praca a jakość życia człowieka, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2016, ss. 418
Authors: Kust Izabella
Published: January 2020

Recenzja
Społeczeństwo wiedzy i organizacje wiedzy. O roli menedżerów w nowoczesnych procesach społecznych
Authors: Banaszak Sławomir
Published: January 2020

Managers are very important part of modern organizations and societies. The paper is an attempt at showing managers as a factor of creating knowledge organizations. The author points at qualifictions and competences of managers as the main issue in this process. Problems of “knowledge production” and “knowledge processing” are revealed. The paper ends with the approach to the problems of economic efficiency of knowledge and its positive impact on organizations and societies.
Kopciuszek: zagubiony szklany pantofelek i metamorfozy kobiecości
Authors: Gromkowska-Melosik Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of Cinderella myth in contemporary culture in the relation to the changing concepts of femininity. The Author takes into account several contexts of this issue. First, it can be understood in the terms of life as a lottery thanks to which in one moment a person is famous or rich (e.g. thanks to television success). Also, the author analyses the Cinderella in a light of sociological theory of competitive mobility. Besides sociotherapeutic Cinderella complex is analysed as well as feminist interpretation of Cinderella are reconstructed. The different versions of Cinderella fable are confronted with the various kinds of relations between women and men in contemporary. The Author shows also the examples of using the Cinderella myth in commercial advertising as well as politics and economy (Cinderella industry).
Rozwój i główne nurty w badaniach efektywności szkoły
Authors: Nowosad Inetta
Published: January 2020

This article isolates the main phases of the research into school effectiveness, at the same time emphasizing the specificityof attitudes, the dominant directions and the conclusions drawn in particular phases. The approach adopted emphasizes key achievements which have influencedthe direction of research and as such define the contemporary understanding of an effective school.
TARIMSAL ÜRETİMDE TEKAFÜL SİGORTACILIĞI VE BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ
Authors: ARZOVA Sabri Burak , ŞAHİN Bertaç Şakir
Published: January 2020

Hayatın her alanında hane halkı ve işletmeleri belirsizliklere karşı koruyan sigortacılık, para ve sermaye piyasalarının ihtiyaç duyduğu güveni tesis etmektedir. Ticari hayatta farklı alanlarda kullanılan sigortacılık faaliyetlerine tarımsal üretimde meydana gelebilecek riskler için de başvurulmaktadır. Tarımsal üretimin iklim, ekoloji gibi dışsal faktörlerden etkilenmesi ve üretime canlı varlıkların konu olması tarımsal üretimi risklere açık hale getirmektedir. Ayrıca üreticinin önemli bir kısmının aile işletmeleri ile küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerden oluşması tarımsal üretimde meydana gelebilecek risklerin finansal etkisini arttırmaktadır. Bu durum tarımsal üretimde sigortacılık faaliyetlerini önemli kılmaktadır. Tekafül sigortacılığı, geleneksel sigortacılık faaliyetlerinden faiz unsurunun çıkarılarak dayanışmanın ön plana çıktığı sigortacılık faaliyetleridir. Tarımsal üretimin taşıdığı riskler ve tarım faaliyetlerinin imece karakterine uyumu sebepleriyle tekafül sigortacılığının tarımsal üretimde uygulanması önemlidir. Çalışmada tekafül sigortacılığı kavramı dini, hukuki ve finansman boyutlarıyla tanıtılarak bu sözleşmelerin tarımsal üretime uygunluğu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca TARSİM modeline uygun bir tekafül sigortacılığı modeli oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Literatür taraması ve dünya uygulamaları, tekafül sigortacılığı sisteminin sahip olduğu, katılımcılar arasındaki dayanışmaya dayalı süreçleri ile tarımsal üretime uygun bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Üstelik tekafül yöntemi ile tarımsal üretimde kullanılabilecek faizsiz finansman araçlarının yaratacağı bazı risklerin de önüne geçilebilir. Ayrıca çalışmada tarımsal üretimde tekafül sigortacılığı uygulaması için TARSİM esas alınarak bir model önerisi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
DIŞ MÜDAHALE OLGUSU KAPSAMINDA ABD-VENEZUELA İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: DEMİREL Ege
Published: January 2020

Venezuela, 1998’de Hugo Chávez’in iktidara gelişi ile birlikte köklü bir dönüşüm geçirmeye başlamıştır. Chávez tarafından Bolivarcı Devrim olarak adlandırılan bu köklü dönüşüm ülkede siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan pek çok değişimin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durumun, Venezuela’nın dış politikasına da yansımaları olmuştur. Chávez döneminde uygulanmaya başlanan çok taraflı dış politika vizyonu, anti-emperyalist/anti ABD duruşu ve neoliberal politikalara karşı yapılan hamleler Maduro döneminde de uygulanmaya ve sürdürülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu gelişmeler sonrasında Venezuela’da yaşanan değişim sonucunda ortaya çıkan durum ABD’yi pek çok alanda olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle ABD, Venezuela’daki ekonomik çıkarlarını korumak, bölgede ABD karşıtı bir eğilimin yaygınlık kazanmasını önlemek ve Latin Amerika’daki hegemonyasını koruyabilmek için birtakım politikalar geliştirme ihtiyacı duymuş ve uygulamaya koymuştur. Böylece ABD ve Venezuela arasındaki ilişkiler zaman içerisinde oldukça gerginleşmiştir. Venezuela dış politikada müttefiklik ilişkileri, ülke içinde uygulanan siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik program ve politikalarla ABD açısından olumsuz olarak değerlendirilecek eylem ve uygulamalar gerçekleştirmiştir. Buna karşın ABD ise çeşitli müdahale araçlarını kullanarak Venezuela’ya müdahale etmiş ve etmeye devam etmektedir. Bu açıdan müdahale ve dış müdahale olguları bu iki ülkenin ilişkileri açısından gündeme gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu nedenle Venezuela ve ABD arasında yaşanan gelişmeler çalışmada dış müdahale olgusu kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.
SİYASETTE İKNAYI ROBERT B. CIALDINI ÜZERİNDEN OKUMAK
Authors: BOZKANAT Esra , GÖKSU Oğuz
Published: January 2020

Siyaset hakkında neredeyse herkesin bir fikri ve söyleyecek bir sözü vardır. Siyasetin insanların gündelik hayatını doğrudan etkilemesi sebebiyle bireyler de bu konular hakkında görüşlerini açıklamakta, eyleme geçmekte ve bir araya gelerek çeşitli şekillerde baskı grupları oluşturmaktadır. Oy verme davranışı, kitle psikolojisiyle yakından ilişkilidir. Çünkü bireyler kendi kararlarını verirken kimi zaman çoğunluğun kararlarını dikkate alırlar. Böylece çoğunluğun kararlarına göre hareket etmek kişiye yalnız olmadığı hissini vermektedir. Başta kararsız seçmenler olmak üzere seçmenlerin önemli bir kısmı kendi kararlarının yanı sıra çevrelerinin kararlarını da ölçmekte, kitle iletişim araçlarını takip etmekte ve buna bağlı olarak bir karara varmaktadır. İkna kavramının ilk kullanımı Antik Yunan dönemine kadar uzanmakta ve bir çalışma alanı olarak ikna konusu günümüzde hala popülerliğini korumaktadır. Araştırma, Robert Cialdini’inin Dünya’da çeşitli dillere çevrilen ve yüzbinlerce okuyucuya ulaşan “İknanın Psikolojisi” kitabında anlatılan 6 ikna tekniği üzerine inşa edilmiştir. İkna olgusunu siyasi bir perspektiften ele alan bu çalışmanın örneklemini Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi ve Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yakın geçmişte Robert Cialdini’nin belirlediği 6 ikna tekniğinin siyasette nasıl karşılık bulduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması karşılık yaratma, tutarlılık ve bağlılık, toplumsal kanıt, beğeni, otorite ve azlık ilkelerinin Türk seçmeni üzerinde çeşitli şekillerde yansıdığını göstermiştir. Cialdini’nin tespit ettiği 6 ikna tekniğinin Türkiye’nin siyasi pratikleri bağlamında ilk kez değerlendirilmesi çalışmayı önemli kılmaktadır.
Integral Representation of Local Left–Invariant Functionals in Carnot Groups
Authors: Maione A. , Vecchi E.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this note is to prove a representation theorem for left–invariant functionals in Carnot groups. As a direct consequence, we can also provide aГ-convergence result for a smaller class of functionals.
Towards personalized prostate cancer screening
Authors: Filella Xavier
Published: January 2020

The value of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa) screening is controversial. Contradictory results have been reported in the literature as to whether PSA-based screening reduces mortality. Also, some of the studies published are methodologically flawed. However, evidence consistently demonstrates that screening programs results in the identification of patients with indolent prostatic tumors which rate has increased.

Controversy is not only about the value of PSA-based screening, but also about the age range for screening, risk groups based on baseline PSA, PSA ranges, or the use of other biomarkers (PHI, 4Kscore). At present, PCa screening in the general population is not recommended by most scientific societies, although it can be used after discussing the risks and benefits with the patient.

When discussing the need to perform a screening, the risks of using screening (lack of specificity of PSA, overdiagnosis) must be weighed against the risks of not performing it (increased rate of patients with initial diagnosis of metastasis). In the recent years, a number of authors have advocated the use of personalized screening, which could change the risk/benefit evaluation, thereby making screening necessary on the basis of a set of individual factors.
The influence of gadolinium on the thermal properties of bioactive glasses
Authors: Borges Roger , Menezes Natália Del Rey , Marchi Juliana
Published: January 2020

Rare Earth (RE)-containing bioactive glasses has recently gained more relevance in the field of biomaterials due to the unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties of the RE elements. In this work, the influence of gadolinium in the thermal properties of bioactive glasses based on the SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5 containing different Na/Ca ratio was studied. The glasses were obtained by melting-quenching, and their properties were evaluated by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results evidenced that Gd tends to increase the working temperature (Tc-Tg) in Ca-rich glasses, which leads to a less tendency to devitrification. On the other hand, in Na-rich glasses, Gd did not play an essential role in crystallization, and the thermal properties of Gd-containing Na-rich glasses were similar to their counterparts. In conclusion, we suggested that it is possible to control the influence of Gd in the glass devitrification by changing the Na/Ca ratio in the glass composition. These results may be interesting for further works to which crystallization may be either a desired or undesired phenomena.
Composite Material Consisting of HKUST-1 and Indonesian Activated Natural Zeolite and its Application in CO2 Capture
Authors: Lestari Witri Wahyu ,   Irwinsyah, Saraswati Teguh Endah , Krisnandi Yuni Krisyuningsih , Arrozi Ubed Sonai Fahrudin , Heraldy Eddy , Kadja Grandprix T. M.
Published: January 2020

In this study, composite materials consisting in HKUST-1 [Cu3(BTC)2] (BTC: benzene 1, 3, 5-tricarboxylate) and an Indonesian activated natural zeolite (ANZ) from Klaten, Central Java, were successfully prepared and characterized. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of these two materials on the characteristics of the composite as well as to determine its CO2 gas adsorption ability. The composite HKUST-1-ANZ (ANZ@HKUST-1) was synthesized in two different techniques, i.e., solvothermal and sonication method. The obtained materials exhibited X-ray diffractogram characteristics of both HKUST-1 and ANZ. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a combination of peaks from HKUST-1 and ANZ, i.e. peaks assigned to carboxylate groups and bonds between Cu-O from HKUST-1, as well as N-H bending and SiO from ANZ. The addition of ANZ to HKUST-1 decreased its surface area and nitrogen sorption capacity. Application of the composites as CO2 capture materials shows their CO2 adsorption capacity is increased (ca. 12%) comparing to the initial materials.
The Chemical Softening Effect and Mechanism of Low Rank Coal Soaked in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhixiang Gao , Hongyu Guo , Zhiwei Dong , Yuan Luo , Daping Xia
Published: January 2020

In order to analyze the feasibility of chemical softening on low rank coals, bituminous coal was collected from the Qianqiu mine in Henan Province, China, and soaked in water and alkaline solution for different lengths of time. The complete stress-strain and acoustic emission (AE) experiments on the coal samples under uniaxial compression were tested on the RMT-150B Rock Mechanics Testing System and DS2 series AE signal analyzer. The results showed that the coal samples soaked in the water and alkaline solution present different characteristics in the deformation and failure process. As we increase the soaking time, the uniaxial compressive strength and deformation degree of the soaked coal samples in the alkaline solution and water decreased by 42.7% and 94.8% respectively. In the loading test, an AE signal is generated in all coal samples and the maximum ringing count rate and AE energy rate are present near the stress maximum for a short time. Moreover, the ringing count rate and AE energy rate have a good consistency with the stress-strain of the coal samples. The cumulative ringing count of the two groups soaked in water and alkaline solution decreased by 51% and 89% compared to the original coal sample. However, the decreased degree of the samples soaked in the alkaline solution is much higher than that of those soaked in water and the results showed that the alkaline solution has a better softening effect on the coal sample. With the increase of the alkaline solution concentration, the contact angle decreased from 112.5° to 41°. Through microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the soaked coal samples, we found that the pores and fissures increased, the structure of coal became loose, and the mechanical strength decreased sharply after soaking in the alkaline solution, thus achieving a chemical softening effect.
Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
Authors: Nan Liu , Yingying Li , Jixiang Li , Dujuan Ouyang , Wenjuan Wang
Published: January 2020

In this study, a clinoptilolite was applied to remove ammonium from piggery wastewater. The performance of ammonium removal and the correspondingly mechanisms were discussed. Under the optimal conditions of clinoptilolite dosage of 12 g/L, solution pH value of 8.3, shaking speed of 280 rpm and contact time of 55 min obtained by using response surface methodology (RSM), 19.7 mg of ammonium can be adsorbed onto 1 g of clinoptilolite, which was declined when metal cations were presented in the piggery wastewater. The ammonium adsorption process by the clinoptilolite can be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm with a spontaneous nature and pseudo–second–order kinetics model. Furthermore, column study showed that to some extent, the increased flow rate was beneficial to the removal of ammonium, and the ammonium adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite in column study was much higher than those in batch study.
Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Lan Xiaolei , Liu Qian , Gao Hua , Li Zhenye , Zhang Yazhuo
Published: January 2020

Resistance to Dopamine agonists therapy is still a key factor that hinders the clinical treatment of prolactinoma. Consequently, a large number of investigations have been carried out to identify novel therapeutic targets. Our previous studies have suggested that the epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas via EGFR/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. In the present research, we found a positive staining of c-myc intimately associated with high-level EGFL7 in invasive prolactinoma compared to non-invasive prolactinoma and the normal pituitary gland. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades closely related to the activation of c-myc. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore the cooperation effect of c-myc and EGFL7 in prolactinoma. The inhibition of c-myc with anti-c-myc antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Notably, down regulation c-Myc by in vitro administration of anti-c-Myc antibodies could significantly depress EGFL7 induced MMQ cell proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion. An anti-c-Myc antibody could block EGFL7 induced Akt activation, but the expression of p-ERK was not altered by an anti-c-Myc antibody. Thus, our results suggest that anti-c-myc efficacy could block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis via inhibited Akt activation in MMQ cells.
Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Habib Mustafa , Zia Tariq Javeed , Naseem Asim , Hanif Anila , Ye Ansheng
Published: January 2020

Graph theory plays important roles in the fields of electronic and electrical engineering. For example, it is critical in signal processing, networking, communication theory, and many other important topics. A topological index (TI) is a real number attached to graph networks and correlates the chemical networks with physical and chemical properties, as well as with chemical reactivity. In this paper, our aim is to compute degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs. To perform these computations, we first computed M-polynomials and then from the M-polynomials we recovered nine degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs.
Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Ahmad Sarfraz , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Naeem Muhammad
Published: January 2020

The Chemical graph theory is extensively used in finding the atomic supplementary properties of different chemical stuructures. Many results of graph theory are commonly used in molecular structures and in general in Chemisty. In a molcular graph vertices are atoms while chemical bonds are given by edges. This article is about computing the exact values for some degree based toplogical descriptors of two molecular structures. Namely we work on the silicon-carbon Si2C3- III and SiC3-III for dimension two. We also discuss some applications of these results towards Chemistry.
Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
Authors: Yasin Faisal , Farooq Adeel , Jung Chahn Yong
Published: January 2020

Group Theory is the mathematical application of symmetry to an object to obtain knowledge of its physical properties. The symmetry of a molecule provides us with the various information, such as - orbitals energy levels, orbitals symmetries, type of transitions than can occur between energy levels, even bond order, all that without rigorous calculations. The fact that so many important physical aspects can be derived from symmetry is a very profound statement and this is what makes group theory so powerful. In group theory, a finite group is a mathematical group with a finite number of elements. A group is a set of elements together with an operation which associates, to each ordered pair of elements, an element of the set. In the case of a finite group, the set is finite. The Fischer groups Fi22, Fi23 and Fi24‘ are introduced by Bernd Fischer and there are 25 maximal subgroups of Fi24‘. It is an open problem to find the generators of maximal subgroups of Fi24‘. In this paper we provide the generators of 10 maximal subgroups of Fi24‘.
Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
Authors: Qian Wanghuan , Yu Zhangyong , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2020

In order to obtain higher strength fiber reinforced composite electroforming deposit, carbon fiber reinforced nanocrystalline nickel composite electroforming deposit was prepared by electrodepositing with pulse current and a flexible wheel was applied to rub and extrude the electroforming deposit. Results shown that when the grains of the carbon fiber reinforced nickel composite electroforming deposit were refined from micron to 80nm at room temperature, the microhardness increased from 230Hv to 740Hv, and the tensile strength increased from 1025MPa to 1472MPa. With the further refinement of the grains of the electroforming deposit, the tensile strength decreased significantly due to the decrease of the bonding strength between the carbon fiber and the nickel matrix, while the microhardness still increased to 758Hv. At 200°C, the carbon fiber reinforced nanocrystalline nickel composite electroforming deposit still showed high strength. When the temperature rose to 400°C, the influence of nanocrystalline on the tensile strength of the carbon fiber reinforced nickel composite electroforming deposit was no longer significant, due to the rapid growth of crystal grains and the precipitation of interfacial brittle substances.
Differing Teaching Formats: Pre-Service Teachers’ Professional Competency Development in Linguistically Responsive Teaching
Authors: Hammer Svenja , Berkel-Otto Lisa
Published: January 2020

Teaching multilingual learners in content classrooms is still a challenge for most teachers due to the fact that teacher education is still lacking consistent concepts in this area. Hence, opportunities to learn in teacher education programs need to be examined with regard to content, structure and format. This study deals with the question whether the competencies needed to teach multilingual learners are actually learnable through opportunities to learn in university classes. Three different class formats were examined: 100% online via an e-learning platform, 100% face-to-face, and a blended learning version (50% online, 50% face-to-face). The learning outcome was measured in a pre-post-design on the basis of the level of competency concerning teaching multilingual learners (DaZKom).First results indicate that the competencies to teach multilingual learners increase through the opportunities to learn we offered. Furthermore, the study shows that all three class formats resulted in an increase in competency. The study reaches the conclusion that further opportunities to learn are needed for teachers to be adequately prepared to facilitate multilingual learners in content classrooms.
The New EU Rules on Insurance Customer/Policyholder Protection Viewed against the NAIC Model Acts
Authors: Martinez Leo Paul , Marano Pierpaolo
Published: January 2020

Effective October 1, 2018, the Member States of the European Union had to bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 20, 2016 on insurance distribution (IDD). The IDD arose out of a desire to give insurance customers equal protection regardless of the type of distributor from which they obtained insurance. Essentially, the IDD seeks to level the playing field of protections for insurance customers by simplifying, consolidating, and expanding customer protections when needed. The IDD has the stated goal of focusing on “the area of the disclosure of information” to customers. The directive is intentionally broad and applies “to persons whose activity consists of providing insurance or reinsurance distribution services to third parties.”

Although it is much too early to predict the course of the IDD within the European Union, a comparison can be drawn with the Model Acts promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in the United States to glean an inkling as to where the IDD might be headed. Parts of the Model Acts have been in place for a number of years and, while the legal regimes they cover are modestly different, there are nonetheless broad lessons that can be drawn in the comparison of the two. Whether the path of the IDD follows the arc of the Model Acts, or not, will perhaps be attributed to three instrumental aspects:

1.

The IDD is unquestionably focused on customer protection. The NAIC is more nearly concerned with uniformity. It may be that the IDD’s focus will contribute to better traction among the EU Member States then Model Acts have experienced in the United States.

2.

Unlike the IDD, the NAIC Model Acts are not comprehensive with respect to customer protection.

3.

The NAIC Model Acts have seen inconsistent adoption by the states, a factor that has contributed to a lack of uniformity and constancy across any number of insurance products. While the IDD should not suffer from spotty adoption, the relative flexibility of the EU Member States in adopting more stringent rules may lead to a lack of uniformity and consistency similar to that of the Model Acts. Thus, the IDD may very well face the same headwinds faced by the Model Acts in the United States.

Accurate predictions are always elusive when dealing with the implementation of regulation and legislation. Accordingly, we will watch with curiosity whether the IDD, which takes a much more global approach in customer protection, will see more success.
Green synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles using Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Chartarrayawadee Widsanusan , Charoensin Phattaraporn , Saenma Juthaporn , Rin Thearum , Khamai Phichaya , Nasomjai Pitak , On Too Chee
Published: January 2020

The Lysimachia foenumgraecum Hance extract (LHE) was used for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. In this study, the herbal plant of Lysimachia foenumgraecum Hance (LH) was extracted with deionized water and we are the first to successfully use LHE as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The concentration of LHE used in this study was in the range of 0.003 to 1.0 wt%. Aqueous colloidal solutions of AgNPs reduced and stabilized by LHE show long-term stability due to the steric stabilization effect. This can be confirmed by zeta potential measurements which afforded values approximately of 0 mV, indicating the steric stability of AgNPs colloidal solutions synthesized by LHE. Furthermore, the obtained AgNPs colloidal solutions show superior antibacterial effect to gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) comparing to Chloramphenicol (positive control). AgNPs with LHE 0.003 wt% affords the highest antibacterial effect to S. aureus showing an inhibition zone diameter of 19.08 ± 0.67 mm; which is superior to Chloramphenicol.
Persuasion strategies in media discourse about Russia: Linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Ponton Douglas Mark
Published: January 2020

The paper explores the role of the media in influencing public opinion from an inferential-pragmatic perspective. It presents preliminary results of the study focused on representation of Russia in Western newspapers. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995,2001; van Dijk 2009) and media linguistics (Fowler 1991, Richardson 2007, among others) the study centres around the linguistic means of construing ambiguity/uncertainty, viewed as a strategy of persuasion. We mostly focus on the semantics of certain groups of words and other textual features such as indefinite pronouns, epistemic modality, passive voice, present perfect tense, interrogative headlines and some other tools used in media texts to construe ambiguity which, in its turn, arguably aims at influencing public opinion. We also look at presupposition, information structure, evaluation and transitivity. Though we have limited our study to the English language sources (The Guardian, The Telegraph, The Independent, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the Chicago Tribune, news websites of the BBC, Reuters, Express, Politico and Fox News, among others), we are not suggesting that linguistic ambiguity is a feature of Western, rather than Russian, or other languages' media.
"This lesson" vs. "Our lesson": Pragmalinguistic strategies towards learners' engagement in vulnerable elementary classrooms in Santiago de Chile
Authors: de Sousa Alcina Pereira , Ivanova Anna
Published: January 2020

This paper is a research study of an interdisciplinary and exploratory kind drawing on a case study undertaken in elementary classrooms in socio-economically disadvantaged areas of Santiago de Chile. Having combined Linguistics for Education Studies and Corpus Linguistics approaches, the analysis of pragmalinguistic choices (i.e. personal pronouns, other lexical choices marking in-group relations) used in the introductory parts in a corpus of 50 lessons recorded in an elementary school setting there comes to be a key strategy for teachers' and learners' involvement in classroom interaction The pragmalinguistic strategies evidenced in teachers' and learners' output have come to confirm the role of communicative strategies to promote participants' engagement in the teaching/learning process. In other words, teachers create an in-group relation, a solid sense of belonging and empathy among the participants in the teaching-learning context from the opening communicative stances in use to overcome less advantaged home and community cultural settings. The research findings also point to further studies to devise pedagogic tools addressing the specific contexts under scrutiny. Thus, a Teacher-Learner rapport is conveyed primarily through teachers' language choice, which is seen as the main force for learners' engagement in disadvantaged settings.
“Germany in ruins”. Framing new political movements in Germany in the Polish opinion-forming press
Authors: Franczak Karol
Published: January 2020

One of the main goals of contemporary media, along with the experts and professionals, who speak in them, has been to explain complex issues and provide the audience with clear descriptions of social reality. This is mostly achieved by the production of ideologically useful interpretative schemes that facilitate understanding of the issues present on the media agenda. An important strategy of shaping the public opinion in the way in which public affairs and the activity of social life participants is framed. Analyses of such practices have been conducted for over thirty years within various research approaches collectively referred to as framing analysis. This research provides several arguments helping one to develop a more critical perspective on the representations of social phenomena dominant in the media and discourses of symbolic elites (e.g. opinion writers, academics, experts, journalists, politicians), along with the analyses of the origin of such phenomena, moral judgements and preferred "corrective policies". One of the phenomena defined by the media in Europe as the most important one for the past several years, is the so-called "New Right". The aim of the paper is to analyse the interpretative schemes used by the journalists of four Polish opinion-forming weeklies and to describe the activity of its German manifestation – the Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the Occident (Pegida) social movement and the Alternative for Germany party (AfD).
CHL1 and NrCAM are primarily expressed in low grade pediatric neuroblastoma
Authors: Wachowiak Robin , Mayer Steffi , Suttkus Anne , Martynov Illya , Lacher Martin , Melling Nathaniel , Izbicki Jakob R. , Tachezy Michael
Published: January 2020

Background

Neural cell adhesion molecules like close homolog of L1 protein (CHL1) and neuronal glia related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) play an important role in development and regeneration of the central nervous system. However, they are also associated with cancerogenesis and progression in adult malignancies, thus gain increasing importance in cancer research. We therefore studied the expression of CHL1 and NrCAM according to the course of disease in children with neuroblastoma.

Methods

CHL1 and NrCAM expression levels were histologically assessed by tissue microarrays from surgically resected neuroblastoma specimens of 56 children. Expression of both markers was correlated to demographics as well as clinical data including metastatic dissemination and survival.

Results

CHL1 was expressed in 9% and NrCAM in 51% of neuroblastoma tissue samples. Expression of CHL1 was higher in patients with low Hughes grade 1a/b (p=0.01). NrCAM was more often detected in patients with a low International Staging System (INSS) score 1/2 (p=0.04).

Conclusion

CHL1 and NrCAM expression was associated with low-grade pediatric neuroblastoma. These adhesion molecules may play a role in early tumor development of neuroblastoma.
Epidemiological characteristics of postoperative sepsis
Authors: Chen Po-Yi , Luo Ci-Wen , Chen Mu-Hsing , Yang Ming-Ling , Kuan Yu-Hsiang
Published: January 2020

Background

Postoperative sepsis is a major type of sepsis. Sociodemographic characteristics, incidence trends, surgical procedures, comorbidities, and organ system dysfunctions related to the disease burden of postoperative sepsis episodes are unclear.

Methods

We analyzed epidemiological characteristics of postoperative sepsis based on the ICD-9-CM codes for the years 2002 to 2013 using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Databases of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results

We identified 5,221 patients with postoperative sepsis and 338,279 patients without postoperative sepsis. The incidence of postoperative sepsis increased annually with a crude mean of 0.06% for patients aged 45–64 and 0.34% over 65 years. Patients with postoperative sepsis indicated a high risk associated with the characteristics, male sex (OR:1.375), aged 45–64 or ≥ 65 years (OR:2.639 and 5.862), low income (OR:1.390), aged township (OR:1.269), agricultural town (OR:1.266), and remote township (OR:1.205). Splenic surgery (OR:7.723), Chronic renal disease (OR:1.733), cardiovascular dysfunction (OR:2.441), and organ system dysfunctions had the highest risk of postoperative sepsis.

Conclusion

Risk of postoperative sepsis was highest among men, older, and low income. Patients with splenic surgery, chronic renal comorbidity, and cardiovascular system dysfunction exhibited the highest risk for postoperative sepsis. The evaluation of high-risk factors assists in reducing the disease burden.
Intrinsicality, Independence and Grounding
Authors: Allen Sophie R.
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the plausibility of Witmer, Butchard and Trogdon’s proposal to distinguish intrinsic properties from extrinsic ones in terms of independence from accompaniment and grounding. I argue that the proposed criterion is not adequate to determine intrinsicality, since according to it some intuitively extrinsic properties turn out to be intrinsic. I suggest and evaluate two responses: first, one could characterize a conception of independence which is specific to the individual instantiating the property; and second, one could justify two assumptions about properties which entail that counterexample properties of the kinds I present do not exist, most importantly that there are no fundamental properties which are instantiated in an intrinsic fashion by some individuals and an extrinsic fashion by others. Although the latter seems prima facie plausible, I present some potential counterexamples to it from current physical theory. I conclude that the grounding- and independence-based criterion of intrinsicality can be defended from my objections, although the cost of doing so might make it more attractive to characterize intrinsicality in terms of independence, or in terms of grounding, alone.
Test on axial compression performance of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular column
Authors: He Kang , Chen Yu , Xie Wentao
Published: January 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of various parameters on the axial compressive behavior of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular columns. The proposed new composite column consists of three parts: the outer GFRP tube, the inner angle section steel and the nano-silica concrete filled between GFRP tube and angle section steel. Twenty-seven specimens with different nano-silica concrete compressive strength (20MPa, 30MPa and 40MPa), diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube (20, 25 and 40) and steel ratio (0.008, 0.022 and 0.034) were tested under axial load. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the three parameters on the following: failure modes, deformation capacity, load bearing capacity, ductility and initial stiffness of the new composite column under axial load. It was found that the load bearing capacity and initial stiffness increased as the nano-silica concrete compressive strength of the specimens increased. But the specimens with higher nano-silica concrete compressive strength showed lower deformation capacity than that of the specimens with lower nano-silica concrete compressive strength. The varieties of the steel ratio have no significant effect on the specimens’ axial deformation behavior. Experimental results also showed that both load bearing capacity and deformation capacity increased with the decrease of diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube. However, diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube has no significant effect on the initial stiffness of specimens. The confinement coefficient was proposed to better evaluate the confinement effect of GFRP tube on the inner angle section steel reinforced core nano-silica concrete. The confinement effect of GFRP tube on lower strength concrete was better, and the confinement effect reduced as the diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube increased. The design formulas for the load bearing capacity of the nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular columns under axial load were proposed.
Kogi Demonstratives and Engagement
Authors: Knuchel Dominique
Published: January 2020

While demonstratives typically signal aspects of the spatial configuration of speech act participants and objects in the speech situation, intersubjective parameters, such as the attentional state of the interlocutor, have recently gained importance in the analysis of such forms. Several systems have been described in which the use of certain forms is conditioned by shared vs. non-shared attention towards a referent. Phenomena of this kind have recently been considered under the notion of ‘engagement’, i.e. the expression of a speaker’s assumptions about the knowledge or attention of their interlocutor (Evans et al. 2018a, b).

The present study contributes to the ongoing investigation of engagement by a descriptive account of demonstratives in Kogi (Chibchan). It is argued that the use of certain (ad)nominal forms that were initially associated with addressee proximity cannot be accounted for in merely spatial terms. The paper proposes a novel analysis in terms of engagement and shows that the forms apply when a referent is in the attention of, or is known to both interlocutors. Evidence in support of this comes from elicited data as well as an interactive matching game in which attentional states of participants can be observed.
The Role of Context in Translating Colour Metaphors: An Experiment on English into Estonian Translation
Authors: Kalda Anu , Uusküla Mari
Published: January 2020

Contemporary theory on metaphor states that metaphor is conceptual, conventional, and part of the ordinary system of thought and language. It has been argued that metaphors can become a translation problem, since transferring them from one language and culture to another may be restricted by linguistic and cultural differences. We investigated how colour metaphors are translated from English into Estonian. To understand how metaphors are translated, a cognitive empirical study was carried out with 21 colour metaphors. The experiment was conducted with two separate groups of volunteers. The first group participated in a context-based translation task, the second in a context-free one.

The experiment indicates that colour metaphors are culture specific. It also revealed that context plays a crucial role in the comprehension and translation of colour metaphors. The more novel and original the metaphor is, the more varied are the translation strategies used by the participants (e.g.yellow-bellied person). Differences in translation choices were obvious between translators and non-translators. Qualitative differences appeared as translators were more target culture oriented and non-translators more source culture oriented, for example.
The Essences of Objects: Explicating a Theory of Essence in Object-Oriented Ontology
Authors: Howdyshell Stanford
Published: January 2020

In this paper, I will discuss the need for a theory of essences within Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and then formulate one. I will do so by drawing on Graham Harman’s work on OOO and Martin Heidegger’s thought on the essence of being, presented in hisIntroduction to Metaphysics. Harman touches on essences, describing them as the tension between a withdrawn object and its withdrawn qualities, but fails to distinguish between essential and inessential qualities within this framework. To fill in the gaps, I will turn to Heidegger’s explication ofphusisin order to show that an essential aspect of being is how one enters into causal relations and continually reveals oneself to other beings. In bringing OOO and Heidegger together, I will find that each object has a unique way of exerting itself in the world and that the domestic relations that make up this unique profile are essential to it, while other domestic relations, those that do not influence its particular way of exerting itself, are inessential. Thus, the essence will be found to be the set of domestic relations that make up the determinate form, or unique causal profile, of the object.
On Correlationism and the Philosophy of (Human) Access: Meillassoux and Harman
Authors: Young Niki
Published: January 2020

Speculative Realism (SR) has often been characterised as a heterogeneous group of thinkers, united almost exclusively in their commitment to the critique of what Quentin Meillassoux terms ‘correlationism’ or what Graham Harman calls the ‘philosophy of (human) access.’ The terms ‘correlationism’ and ‘philosophy of access’ are in turn often treated – at times even by Meillassoux and Harman themselves – as synonymous. In this paper, I seek to analyse these terms to evaluate their similarities, but also possible differences. I shall argue that the difference between the two terms ought to be retained and emphasised, since it hints at important differences between the positions of Harman and Meillassoux.
Influences of Contact Force towards Dressing Contiguous Sense of Linen Clothing
Authors: Kuang Caiyuan , Ye Cong , Liu Guolian
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the experimental paradigm of cognitive behaviors to study the cognitive activities in the contiguous sense cognition of the tested linen clothing is introduced. The experimental program is written with E-Prime 2.0, while the expression of experimental stimulus material is realized with the developed dressing contiguous sense measurement device, which output the senses of urtication, roughness and smoothness among the fabric contiguous sense. Changing the relative force for the contact between fabric and human skin, the dressing contiguous sense is tested in different contiguous force conditions. The result shows that, with the increase of relative contiguous force, the evaluation value for the sense of urtication is increase, the value for the roughness sense is also increase, but that for the smoothness sense is decrease.
What is in three words? Exploring a three-word methodology for assessing impressions of a social robot encounter online and in real life
Authors: Damholdt Malene Flensborg , Christina Vestergaard , Kryvous Anna , Smedegaard Catharina Vesterager , Seibt Johanna
Published: January 2020

We explore the impressions and conceptualisations produced by participants after their first encounter with the teleoperated robot, Telenoid R1.

Participants were invited to freely report the first three words that came to mind after seeing the robot. Here we triangulate (i) three-word data from an online survey (n=340) where respondents saw a brief video of the Telenoid with (ii) three-word data from an interaction study where participants interacted with a physically present Telenoid (n=75) and, (iii) data from qualitative interviews (n=7) with participants who had engaged with the Telenoid. Data were subjected to sentiment analysis, linguistic analysis and regression analysis.

Ranking of the most frequently produced words in the two groups revealed an overlap on the top-10 produced words (6 out of 10 words). Sentiment analysis and regression revealed an association between negative predicates and the online condition. Sentiments were not convincingly associated with age or gender. Linguistic categorisations of the data revealed that especially adjectives expressing response-dependent features were frequent. We did not find any consistent statistical effect on categorising the words into cognitive and emotional predicates.

The proposed three-word method offers, unguided approach to explore initial conceptualisations of robots.