bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative Virtual Lab-Based Practical Learning Model to Improve Scientific Attitude and Science Process Skills
Authors: Tawil Muh. , Rusli Muh. Aqil , Bakkara Hasanuddin , Jatmiko Budi
Published: June 2024

A virtual laboratory is computer software that has the ability to perform mathematical modeling of computer devices presented in the form of simulations. Virtual laboratories are not a substitute for real laboratories, but are used to complement and improve the weaknesses of real laboratories. This research aims to determine the effect of virtual labs on science education students' scientific attitude abilities and science process skills in science courses. The design of this research is a repeated pre-experiment without a control class, with a one-group and pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 60 students of the science education study program at Makassar State University, Indonesia, used as experiment 1 group A (n = 30), experiment 2 group B (n = 30). Two groups (experiment 1 and experiment 2) were tested with a pretest and posttest. Each group uses a virtual lab-based practical model (PbVLab). Scientific attitudes and scientific skills were measured using multiple choice tests before and after treatment. The mixed method ANOVA statistical test was used to determine how effective the use of PbVLab was in improving scientific attitudes and science process skills. The results of testing research based on Within-Subjects Effects showed that there was no difference between the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and scientific skills (F = 0.00; p < 0.05) in each group. The results of the pairwise comparison showed a significance value of <0.05, and there was a significant increase in the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and science process skills in each group. The effect size results (partial eta squared) show that experimental group 1 experienced an increase in scientific attitudes by 52%; science process skills 53%, experimental group 2 scientific attitudes 54% and science process skills 56%. So, it can be concluded that experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (PbVab model) provide the most effective contribution to improving scientific attitudes and science process skills.
The 6R Principles of Biodiversity Conservation and Protection: Arresting the Rate of Extinction and Major Threats to Wildlife in Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Nestiyanto , Ainy Noer Sarifah , Sjahfirdi Luthfiralda , Mujadid Iqbal
Published: June 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi di dunia. Tingkat keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia yang tinggi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor daya dukung lingkungan (carrying capacity) seperti curah hujan, iklim, suhu, topografi, kelembaban, kesuburan tanah dan intensitas cahaya. Keanekaragaman hayati yang ada dapat memengaruhi kebudayaan masyarakat Indonesia terutama dalam hal pemanfaatan bahan alam dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Adanya aktivitas antropogenik dapat memberikan dampak terhadap keanekaragaman hayati yang ada, terutama aktivitas yang tidak mengikuti kaidah dan aturan yang berlaku seperti perburuan secara berlebihan, perdagangan ilegal spesies terancam punah, pencemaran limbah polutan dan alih fungsi habitat. Jika tidak ada upaya untuk melakukan tindakan konservasi dan perlindungan, maka akan berdampak pada terjadinya penurunan jumlah populasi hingga terjadinya kepunahan spesies. Oleh karena itu, prinsip 6R konsevasi yang meliputi aktivitas release, relocation, reproduction, restocking, rehabilitation dan research perlu menjadi perhatian dan diimplementasikan di tengah masyarakat. Prinsip 6R telah banyak diterapkan oleh peneliti, pemerintah dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat baik pada skala luas bentang ekosistem maupun skala kecil tingkat spesies. Bertopang pada aktivitas research, diharapkan prinsip 6R secara ilmiah dapat menjadi salah satu upaya menurunkan laju kepunahan dan ancaman utama pada hidupan liar yang ada di Indonesia. Selain itu, prinsip 6R dapat menjadi hal yang baik untuk dikembangkan pada kawasan lindung maupun menjadi gaya hidup berbasis wawasan lingkungan di wilayah perkotaan (urban conservation lifestyle).
New Results for Riemann Solution of the Cargo-LeRoux Model by the Application of Flux-Limiter Schemes
Authors: Ahmed Sidrah
Published: June 2024

The Rienamm solution of the Cargo-LeRoux model has been recently introduced in [1] in which authors have found the exact solutions to the initial value problem. This work is the first attempt to apply numerical methods for the Cargo-LeRoux model. The higher-order flux limiter method applied in this paper holds the total variation diminishing property and gives smooth solutions in steep gradient regions. Various limiter functions that lead to different accuracy in numerical results are tested for the Riemann problem. The numerical investigations presented in this work can be used to review limiter-based TVD schemes extensively and to construct a class of highly efficient finite volume/ finite difference methods for such models.
Improved Mean Estimators for Population utilizing Dual Supplementary Characteristics under Simple Random Sampling
Authors: Hussain Mujeeb , Zaman Qamruz , Khan Lakhkar , Sabir Abdurrahman
Published: June 2024

This paper makes another addition to the existing literature of population mean estimation. An improved family of mean estimators for the population is suggested using simple random sampling and utilizing the information of dual supplementary characteristics. We have conducted an extensive theoretical and numerical investigation of these recommended estimators using the criteria of bias and mean square error. The study provides a derivation of the bias and mean square error of the recommended estimators, approximating up to the first order and compared with the existing estimators. The suggested estimators are also extensively studied numerically and compared using real-world data sets and simulation studies. The theoretical and numerical comparisons show that the estimators suggested in the study are much more efficient than the competitor estimators under all situations i.e. Bahl and Tuteja [21] and other existing estimators in the literature. Therefore, the suggested family of estimators can be applied to real-life problems to obtain better results than the existing mean estimators for the population.
Efficient Class of Variance Estimators for Population using Supplementary Information in Stratified Random Sampling
Authors: Hussain Mujeeb , Khan Lakhkar , Zaman Qamruz , Abdurrahman Sabir
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses an efficient class of variance estimators for population using stratified random sampling. The suggested class of estimators using supplementary information has been studied in different circumstances. The expressions of bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimators are derived up to the first degree of approximation. The theoretical comparison of the proposed and considered estimators is also discussed, which shows that the proposed estimators are more efficient than the existing estimators. Theoretical findings are validated by three different types of real data sets and simulation studies. The numerical results of the proposed and existing estimators are compared in terms of mean square error, percentage relative efficiency and diagrams. It is observed that all the proposed estimators outperform the existing estimators. For instance, the traditional unbiased estimator Ozel et.al [6] and other existing estimators. Lastly, appropriate recommendations have been provided for researchers to use these suggested estimators to solve real-world issues.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Botol Bekas berbasis Ramah Lingkungan sebagai Media Tanam Sayuran di Kelurahan Antirogo
Authors: Novita Tri , Karima Alfin Kamilia , Rahmawati Dewi , Fatima Dewi Restiana , Haryudha Dony Putra , Pratiwi Fadila Yanuri , Hasanah Lika Lailatul , Amri Muhammad Qoyyimul , Ridwan Muhammad , Kusumawanti Putria , Satotoputra Raden Bagaskara Septiawan , Kusuma Radhinaer Irsya , Rumapea Rahel Aprilia Omas , Hadi Samsul , Helmy Sulthan Rafly
Published: June 2024

Garbage is a serious problem in Indonesia. It is not surprising that there is a lot of waste found in various places, such as used plastic bottles. To overcome this problem, the Collaborative KKN Team #2 237 invites the community to manage and utilize used bottle waste as a medium for growing vegetables in the Antirogo Village. This activity aims to minimize the volume of bottled waste in the surrounding environment and educate the public to utilize used bottled waste as a medium for growing vegetables. The method used in the implementation of this activity is through socialization and joint manufacturing practices. The results of this study indicate that the audience is enthusiastic in receiving the material provided and the results of the questionnaire indicate that the audience's high desire to practice it at their homes on an ongoing basis. This is of course as one of the results of the successful activities received by the Collaborative KKN #2 237 teams
Copenhagen Mesenteric stent study (COMESS) – A randomized trial of stent versus covered stent treatment for chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Authors: Brandtzäg Alexandra Annelie , Eiberg Jonas Peter , Lönn Lars Birger , Taudorf Mikkel , Resch Timothy Andrew
Published: June 2024

Background
Current management of mesenteric ischemia is primarily endovascular stent treatment. Typical CMI symptoms are postprandial abdominal pain, food fear, weight loss, and diarrhea. Revascularization is often necessary, as mesenteric ischemia may progress to bowel necrosis and death if left untreated. This study aims to compare the outcome using bare metal stent (BMS) or covered stent (CS) in the endovascular treatment of chronic and acute on chronic mesenteric ischemia.
Methods
This is an investigator-driven, prospective, randomized, single-blinded, and single-center, national cohort study. Patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia (AoCMI), are randomized to treatment with either BeSmooth BMS (Bentley Innomed GmBh) or BeGraft CS (Bentley Innomed GmBH). Randomization occurs intraoperatively after lesion crossing.
Discussion
There is currently no published data from prospective controlled trials regarding the preferred type of stent used for the treatment of chronic and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia. This trial will evaluate the short- and long-term outcome of BMS versus CS when treating CMI and AoCMI, as well as the benefit of a more intense postoperative surveillance program.
Trial Registration:
Clinicaltrial.gov NCT05244629 Registered: 2022-02-08
Health System Barriers and Predictors of Prenatal Care Utilization at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Klare Molly , Dougherty Amanda Miyuki , Chang Melody , Mendes Amberly , Graziano Scott
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Prenatal care (PNC) is one of the most utilized preventative services in the United States, and access to PNC is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes. Despite known benefits, access to PNC is limited by psychosocial and health system barriers. Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities negatively impact access to prenatal care and maternal and fetal health.
Methods
In a medically underserved area, this study analyzed nine health system barriers to PNC using a mixed-methods approach. Over three months, postpartum women were surveyed. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for PNC utilization, pregnancy comorbidities and outcomes, and demographic information. Data underwent Fischer analyses, chi-squared analyses, and ANOVAs. Institutional Review Board-approved, participants consented for research and quality improvement, including medical record data use.
Results
Among 194 women, average reported barriers to PNC were 2.14, with “scheduling difficulty” (39.6%) and “work/school constraints” (30.2%) most common. Despite most women reporting a similar number of barriers, timing disparities based race and ethnicity, education, and income were observed. Hispanic women initiated PNC later than non-Hispanic White women (13w6d vs. 10w5d; p=0.009). Twelfth-grade education or less initiated PNC bachelor's degree holders (16w vs. 11w; p<0.001). Women who made <45k annually initiated later than >140k (13w3d vs. 9w1d; p=0.02).
Conclusions
Lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minority women exhibit delayed PNC start, linked to adverse outcomes. Noteworthy discrepancies within the surveyed cohorts, despite comparable reported barriers, hint at the existence of supplementary, interconnected obstacles specific to these women. Future efforts should tackle common issues to reduce socioeconomic disparities in pregnancy outcomes.
Significance: Our results indicate the necessity for interventions aimed at enhancing timely and consistent prenatal care access.
Identification of Regime Shifts in Shallow LakesUsing Remote Sensing: Analysis of MacrophyteDynamics and Management Implications
Authors: Zhu Yaping , Lei Pifeng , Chen Miao , Lv Jianhua , Huang Xiaoxuan , Ma Caiyun
Published: June 2024

Shallow lakes are one of the richest freshwater ecosystems on Earth, with shallow aquatic vegetation being a fundamentalcomponent of wetland ecosystems, providing various services including water quality improvement, maintaining the balanceof aquatic ecosystems, and providing food and habitat for aquatic animals. Compared to deep lakes, shallow lakes aremore susceptible to external disturbances, leading to transitions from clear water states dominated by submerged plants toturbid water states dominated by algae. Identifying and exploring potential factors causing state transitions have significantimplications for the management of water environments in shallow lakes.Based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensingimages, this study constructed a decision tree classification model using maximum and minimum composite yearly NDVI valuesto remotely infer the evolution of aquatic plants in Qilu Lake from 1991 to 2020. The overall accuracy of the classificationreached 89.29%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.7933 . Then, the Mann-Kendall trend test and mutation detection method wereused to conduct trend analysis and quantitative mutation identification of submerged plants in Lake Qilu from 1991 to 2020.The trend test showed that the lake ecosystem of Qilu Lake improved from 1991 to 2020 (β = 0.3582, P < 0.01), with the mostsignificant improvement occurring from 2004 to 2012 (β = 0.7872, P < 0.01). The mutation test indicated a significant statetransition in the lake ecosystem of Qilu Lake over the past 30 years, with the mutation point of state transition occurring in2006-2007. Based on state transition, the evolutionary process of the lake ecosystem of Qilu Lake can be divided into twostages: 1991-2006 and 2006-2020, with mean coverage rates of submerged plants in each stage being 8.57% and 15.29%,respectively
Altered microbiome and metabolome profiling in companion dogs, diagnosed with phobia: an exploratory study
Authors: Sacchettino Luigi , Costanzo Michele , Veneruso Iolanda , D'Argenio Valeria , Mayer Maria , Avallone Luigi , Napolitano Francesco , d'Angelo Danila
Published: June 2024

Behavioral dysfunctions in dogs represent one of the main social concerns, since they can endanger both humans and animals. Among them, phobia is usually characterised by a strong and persistent fear towards something that might feel dogs threatening, including thunderstorms, fireworks, strangers, or sounds. Alongside with genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, traumatic experiences, and medical conditions can cause dog to develop such psychiatric disorders. The available treatments rely on behavioral therapy, based on cognitive-relational approach, associated to the administration of drugs acting on GABA, serotonin and catecholamines. Unfortunately, pharmacological interventions are hardly effective and discourage the owners, who often decide to relinquish the animals to the shelters. Recent and growing evidence in humans and animals highlight the importance of the gut-brain axis in the modulation of the brain physiology and behavior. Therefore, in the present study we sought to investigate the potential connection between gut microbiota and phobia in companion dogs. To this aim, we first analyzed the faecal microbiota in samples (total n = 16) collected from mixed breed adult dogs (n = 8/group). Differentially abundance analysis allowed us to identify taxa related to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes Phyla, significantly altered in phobic dogs. In addition, metabolome analysis on the blood serum samples of the same phobic dogs showed significant alterations of molecules associated to GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, as well as bile acids metabolism. Collectively, our preliminary data may shed light on the importance of combining behavioral and high-throughput approaches to improve diagnosis and therapy, aimed at counteracting phobia in dogs.
Association between nocturia and serum albumin in the U.S. adults from NHANES 2005-2012
Authors: Jia Yangtao , Yang Fangzheng , Dong Xinke , Zhou Libin , Long Huimin
Published: June 2024

Background
Nocturia, a prevalent chronic condition, impacts individuals' quality of life but remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the link between serum albumin levels and nocturia.
Methods
Analyzing NHANES data (2005–2012), 6345 adults (≥ 20 years) were studied. Nocturia was defined as ≥ 2 nocturnal voiding episodes. Logistic regression and smooth curve fitting analyzed the linear and nonlinear correlations between serum albumin and nocturia, with subgroup analysis.
Results
Among 6345 participants, 1821 (28.7%) experienced nocturia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a linear negative correlation between serum albumin and nocturia risk (OR = 0.9549, 95% CI = 0.9280 ~ 0.9827, P = 0.002). Even after quartile division of serum albumin concentration, this correlation persisted within each group, and a smooth curve fitting validated the nonlinear negative correlation between the two. Subgroup analysis further demonstrated significant impacts of BMI, alcohol consumption, and age on this association.
Conclusion
This cross-sectional study suggests a link between higher serum albumin levels and reduced nocturia risk.
Cryo- EM structure of ribosome from pathogenic protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, reveals unique features of its architecture
Authors: Kaushal Prem , Sharma Shivani , Mishra Shalini , Gourinath Samudrala
Published: June 2024

Entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic parasite protozoan, is the causative agent of amoebiasis, the bloody diarrhea, and liver abscesses in humans. Amoebiasis is more predominant in tropical areas with poor sanitation conditions, and it remains the fourth leading cause of death due to a protozoan infection. E. histolytica life cycle spans between an infective ‘cyst stage’ and an active disease-causing ‘trophozoite stage’. We have isolated ribosomes from the trophozoite stage and determined its single particle cryo- EM structures. The 53S, ribosome large subunit (LSU), at 2.8 Å resolution, and the 75S, associated ribosome, at 3.3 Å resolution. The E. histolytica possesses a reduced ribosome with a conserved core, and the periphery evolved with Entamoeba specific unique features. The most notable features are the presence of the rRNA triple helix near the peptide exit tunnel on LSU and the co-evolution of rRNA expansion segments and extensions in r-proteins. These structures provide valuable insights into the evolutionary adaption of the Entamoeba translational machinery and could be explored further for amoebicidal therapeutic intervention.
The Subordinate Role of Pseudogenization over Recombinative Deletion Following Polyploidization in Angiosperms
Authors: Li Zhen , Crombez Ewout , de Peer Yves Van
Published: June 2024

Extensive gene loss is a key feature of the rediploidization process following polyploidization. Despites this, the molecular mechanisms behind such gene loss are unclear, whether it is through pseudogenization, i.e., the accumulation of deleterious mutations leading to the non-functionality of genes, or through DNA deletion from the genome by recombination. Here, we investigated the extent of pseudogenization post-polyploidization by identifying pseudogenes in collinear segments retained from ancient polyploidy events in twelve angiosperms. The number of identified polyploidy-derived pseudogenes among the investigated species was drastically lower than what would be expected if pseudogenization and DNA deletion contribute equally to gene loss. Because this number could be affected by the decreased pseudogene detectability due to mutation accumulation, and the decreased collinearity over-time, we addressed these issues by simulating neutrally evolving (pseudo)genes and investigating a neo-polyploid sugarcane genome, respectively. Our simulations indicated that in the absence of DNA deletion mechanisms, pseudogenes should be detectable for a longer evolutionary period than observed in the real paleo-polyploid genomes. Furthermore, despite being still polyploid, the neo-polyploid sugarcane genome has already experienced significant gene loss, with only one-third of these loss events associated with pseudogenization. Taken together, these findings imply that gene loss post-polyploidization primarily takes place via deletion through recombinative DNA deletion. This assertion is further reinforced by the identification of an apparent initial phase of rapid gene loss, and an enrichment of pseudogenes in regions of low recombination. Moreover, we hypothesize that some of the found pseudogenes may still govern a function, indicated by their non-neutral Ka/Ks ratio and overlap with lncRNAs.
Alterations in CYP51 of Cercospora beticola and their effects on DMI sensitivity
Authors: Hoffmeister Mascha , Schorer Jonas , Hinson Anja , Stammler Gerd
Published: June 2024

Cercospora leaf spot disease (CLS) caused by the ascomycete Cercospora beticola is the most widespread fungal leaf disease in sugar beet. Fungicides of two active ingredient classes, quinone-outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), were important tools for CLS control. Over the years, C. beticola has become resistant to QoIs and a sensitivity shift has been reported for DMIs. In this study the mechanisms causing variation in DMI sensitivity in C. beticola isolates from Europe were analyzed. The CYP51 mutations I387M, Y464S, and L144F were detected in many isolates and most isolates carried the L144F in combination with mutation I309T. Furthermore, single isolates with other mutation combinations have been found. Wildtype isolates were found in low frequency in all European countries. Isolates that contained L144F showed higher EC50 values than those without L144F. Ranges of EC50 values of different CYP51 haplotypes were overlapping, an indication that other resistance mechanisms are present. Mutation L144F is more frequently encoded by codon TTC (96%) than by TTT (4%), and the usage of codon TTC was correlated with increased EC50 values, this being more pronounced for difenoconazole than for mefentrifluconazole. In addition, it could be observed that the usage of codon GAG for E at amino acid position 170, instead of GAA, was more frequently found in isolates with a higher adaptation compared with haplotypes that did not contain L144F. Overall, GAA was present in 67% of all isolates and GAG in 33%, with an unequal distribution within the haplotypes. These data indicate that target site mutations, especially L144F haplotypes, influence DMI sensitivity, and that in L144F haplotypes, L144F codon usage might be responsible for variations within L144F haplotypes. The codon usage for E170 may influence sensitivity and increase EC50 variation of wildtype isolates and isolates with “weak” mutations, but not in L144F haplotypes.
Influence of the rotational speed ratio of rollers on the three-dimensional surface rolling process
Authors: Guan Tianyu , Yu Bo , Wang Litao , Fu Wenzhi
Published: June 2024

Rolling technology with rigid arc rollers presents an innovative approach for the rapid manufacturing of three-dimensional surface components. This method employs a pair of rollers, each possessing a distinct curvature (convex and concave), which act as forming tools. The unique design generates a variable gap between the rollers, applying lateral bending and uneven compression to sheet metal, thus producing components with complex curvatures. Variations in the axial cross-section of the rollers lead to differential linear speeds between the surfaces of the convex and concave rollers, significantly influencing the morphology of the formed three-dimensional surface parts. Adjusting the rotational speed ratio of the rollers results in changes to the linear speed of rollers, which markedly affects the shapes of the components. Employing finite element simulation and experimental studies, this research investigates the effects of rotational speed variations on the bending deformation and dimensional accuracy of three-dimensional surface parts. The results reveal that increasing the rotational speed ratio initially enhances the longitudinal curvature of saddle-shaped parts, which then stabilizes, while the transverse curvature decreases. In spherical components, the longitudinal curvature diminishes and then stabilizes, with minor alterations in the transverse curvature. The degree to which the roller rotational speed ratio impacts curvature intensifies with increasing sheet metal compression. These findings suggest that the roll rotational speed ratio can be used as a new process parameter to enhance the curvature range and surface precision of formed parts.
DeepSeverity: Detection Different Stages of COVID-19 Disease with Combined Convolutional and Bayesian-BiLSTM Models
Authors: Fakhrabadi Ali Khalili , Shahbazzadeh Mehdi Jafari , Jalali Nazanin , Eslami Mahdiyeh
Published: June 2024

In the battle against COVID-19, chest CT scans play a crucial role in guiding proper treatment and monitoring. However, accurately assessing severity from these scans necessitates the expertise of highly skilled radiologists. This study introduces a groundbreaking deep learning method that utilizes lung CT images to assess COVID-19 severity. This innovative approach presents a robust tool for evaluating lung involvement in COVID-19 patients. Our proposed architecture employs a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) tailored for capturing video information and movement patterns. By harnessing transfer learning from the efficient MobileNetV2 convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction, this method achieves high accuracy in real-time COVID-19 stage detection. Moreover, we introduce a new BiLSTM variant to further enhance the accuracy of stage classification. This variant builds upon established hybrid models recognized for their compactness and effectiveness in extracting relevant features from scans. A substantial dataset of lung CT images, covering various stages of lung involvement across a diverse patient population, was collected over the course of a year during the COVID-19 pandemic. These scans underwent meticulous annotation by expert specialists to determine the percentage of lung involvement, followed by the application of our proposed model to this dataset. This study offers a comprehensive solution for classifying COVID-19 stages and assessing lung involvement. It highlights advancements such as employing MobileNetV2 to capture subtle patterns and deep BiLSTM for recognizing various disease stages. Notably, our hybrid approach achieved a maximum accuracy of 97.41% in distinguishing ten different COVID-19 severity levels. Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of real-time information processing and performance, edge processing has been incorporated into the proposed model. This addition enables the model to advance in quicker and more accurate identification of disease stages, contributing to the overall enhancement of system performance. The proposed system holds potential as a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating lung involvement in COVID-19 patients and monitoring disease progression.
Chaotic computing cell based on nanostructured phase-change materials
Authors: Nevzorov A. A. , Burtsev A. A. , Kiselev A. V. , Mikhalevsky V. A. , Ionin V. V. , Eliseev N. N. , Lotin A. A.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents and investigates a new architecture of a computational cell based on nanoparticles of the phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5. Such a cell is a chaotic array of nanoparticles deposited between closely spaced electrical contacts. The state of such a structure is determined by the resistance of the nanoparticle array, which depends on the phase state of each particle of the material. Simulation results show that the proposed structure has a number of electrical state switching features that cannot be achieved using a thin film architecture. The proposed architecture allows for smoother and more controlled switching of the resistance by electrical pulses. Simulation of the evolution of the cell state using complex control actions showed that the proposed structure can behave as an artificial convolutional neuron with horizontal connections and also as a multi-level memory cell. In addition, the proposed design is technologically simple to achieve and inexpensive to manufacture.
A meta-ethnography of the factors that shape link workers’ experiences of social prescribing
Authors: Turk Amadea , Tierney Stephanie , Pope Catherine , Mahtani Kamal , Hogan Bernie
Published: June 2024

Background: Social prescribing is gaining traction internationally. It is an approach which seeks to acknowledge and address some of the effects of the social determinants of health by signposting people to support available in their local communities. It is hoped that social prescribing might improve health inequities and reduce reliance on healthcare services. In the United Kingdom, social prescribing link workers have become core parts of primary care teams. Despite growing the literature on the implementation of social prescribing, to date there has been no synthesis that develops a theoretical understanding of the factors that shape link workers’ experiences of their role.
Methods: We undertook a meta-ethnographic evidence synthesis of qualitative literature to develop a novel conceptual framework that explains how link workers experience their roles. We identified eligible studies using a systematic search of key electronic databases, Google alerts, and through scanning reference lists of included studies. We followed the eMERGe guidance when conducting and reporting this meta-ethnography.
Results: Our synthesis included 21 studies and developed a “line of argument” or overarching conceptual framework which highlighted inherent interrelated and interacting tensions present at each of the levels that social prescribing operates. These tensions may arise from a mismatch between the policy logic of social prescribing and the material and structural reality, which is shaped by social, political, and economic forces, into which it is being implemented.
Conclusion: The tensions highlighted in our review may shape link workers’ experiences of their role. They may call into question the sustainability of social prescribing and the link worker role as currently implemented, as well as their ability to deliver desired outcomes such as improvement in health inequities or reductions in healthcare service utilisation. Greater consideration should be given to how the link worker role is defined, deployed, and trained. Furthermore, thought should be given to ensuring that the infrastructure into which social prescribing is being implemented into is sufficient to meet needs. Should social prescribing seek to improve outcomes for those experiencing social and economic disadvantage, it may be necessary for social prescribing models to allow for more intensive and longer-term modes of support.
PD-1 blockade does not improve efficacy of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells in lung cancer brain metastasis.
Authors: Blobner Jens , Dengler Laura , Eberle Constantin , Herold Julika J. , Xu Tao , Beck Alexander , Muehlbauer Anton , Müller Katharina J. , Teske Nico , Karschnia Philipp , Heuvel Dominic van den , Schallerer Ferdinand , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Thon Niklas , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Subklewe Marion , Kobold Sebastian , Harter Patrick N. , Buchholz Veit R. , von Baumgarten Louisa
Published: June 2024

Background
Lung cancer brain metastasis have a devastating prognosis, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells show promise in hematologic malignancies, their efficacy in solid tumors, including brain metastasis, is limited by the immunosuppressive tumor environment. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway inhibits CAR T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment, presenting a potential target to enhance therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anti-PD1 antibodies on CAR T-cells in treating lung cancer brain metastasis.
Methods
We utilized a murine immunocompetent, syngeneic orthotopic cerebral metastasis model for repetitive intracerebral two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM), enabling in vivo characterization of red fluorescent tumor cells and CAR T-cells at a single-cell level over time. Red fluorescent EpCAM-transduced Lewis Lung carcinoma cells (EpCAM/tdtLL/2 cells) were implanted intracranially. Following the formation of brain metastasis, EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells were injected into adjacent brain tissue, and animals received either anti-PD-1 or an isotype control.
Results
Compared to controls receiving T-cells lacking a CAR, mice receiving EpCAM-directed CAR T-cells showed higher intratumoral CAR T-cell densities in the beginning after intraparenchymal injection. This finding was accompanied with reduced tumor growth and translated into a survival benefit. Additional anti-PD1 treatment, however, did not affect intratumoral CAR T-cell persistence nor tumor growth and thereby did not provide an additional therapeutic effect.
Conclusion
CAR T-cell therapy for brain malignancies appears promising. However, additional anti-PD1 treatment did not enhance intratumoral CAR T-cell persistence or effector function, highlighting the need for novel strategies to improve CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors.
Knowledge and Perceptions of Texas Community Pharmacists Regarding Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Wollen Joshua , Kochuparambil Priyanka , Singh Harleen , Mottley Olivia , Rosario Natalie
Published: June 2024

Background:
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have gained popularity in the United States among adults and adolescents for social use and as a smoking cessation tool. The increase of ENDS use leads to concerns about their impact on public health. In the United States, ENDS are readily available for purchase and pose risks. Community pharmacists can play a crucial role in educating adult and adolescent patients about ENDS.
Objectives:
This study aimed to understand Texas community pharmacists' perceptions of ENDS with three objectives: 1) to identify consensus on perceptions and comfort among community pharmacists in Texas and 2) assess basic knowledge of the ENDS use landscape in the United States.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey targeting community pharmacists in Texas was conducted in 2019. Sixty-eight responses were collected, and 43 were included in the analysis. The survey covered pharmacist demographics and ENDS questions related to knowledge and perceptions or ENDS and a ranking question of tobacco cessation strategies.
Results:
Most respondents 40 or more years of practice. Respondents expressed low confidence in ENDS as an effective smoking cessation tool. Nicotine replacement therapy was considered the most effective method, while e-cigarettes were deemed the least effective. Knowledge about ENDS was limited, with significant gaps in understanding.
Conclusion:
Community pharmacists in Texas require additional education and knowledge enhancement regarding ENDS. This study highlights the urgent need for more comprehensive ENDS education in pharmacy curricula and continuing education to equip pharmacists with the knowledge to counsel patients on ENDS effectively.
O mito da cordialidade racial e a estratégia antirracista no Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Klinsman de Castro Ribeiro Silva , Adeodato João Maurício
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho propõe-se a discutir como os legados da colonialidade reverberam até hoje de maneira intensa no Brasil, em especial no que diz respeito à tensão racial. A partir da categorização dos seres humanos baseadas na cor da pele, que surgiu a partir da colonização das Américas pelos europeus, os sujeitos não brancos ficaram numa situação de vulnerabilidade social significativa. A cor da pele constitui uma síntese retórica estratégica para, desde o período colonial, orquestrar a estrutura social de forma a privilegiar o arquétipo físico do colonizador em posições de destaque político e econômico. Por este motivo, à população negra foram reservados os lugares nos estratos sociais mais baixos, além da sujeição a vulnerabilidades de toda ordem, em especial na garantia e efetividade de direitos sociais. Em que pese a realidade empírica brasileira, contudo, há um discurso que nega esses fatos, como estratégia para deslegitimar qualquer desenvolvimento de políticas voltadas para a inclusão racial. Esses argumentos baseiam-se ideologicamente numa suposta cordialidade racial, que vai contra o histórico de opressão que grupos raciais subalternizados sempre experimentaram na história brasileira. Assim, o objetivo é demonstrar que a democracia racial é um mito e que o discurso antirracista é estratégia necessária para promover uma redução de desigualdades e uma reparação histórica no Brasil.
Analyzing the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation at Pilot Islamic Elementary Schools in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Purwanti Kristi Liani , Rofiq Mohammad , Fashihah Istin’amatul , Romaniyah Romaniyah
Published: June 2024

The study is focused on exploring the Merdeka Curriculum implementation at the pilot Islamic elementary schools in Semarang, Indonesia. It specifically examines aspects such as lesson planning, lesson implementation, P5RA implementation, assessment planning, and assessment implementation. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, gathering data through interviews, field observations, and documentation. The findings revealed that while the schools had incorporated the Merdeka Curriculum teaching module into their lesson planning, there were limitations regarding the variety of learning models and the integration of the Pancasila and Rahmatan Lil Alamin student profiles. Although learning methods varied, monotonous face-to-face teaching remained predominant. Implementing P5RA was effective, mainly through learning-based projects that enhanced student engagement. While the schools utilized various assessment techniques, there was room for improvement in fully integrating 21st-century skills. The assessment process included routine formative and summative assessments but lacked full integration of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)-based assessment. Based on these findings, the study suggests the need for additional support and training for teachers and adapting learning modules to facilitate student-centered learning better.
Morphometric characteristics of different types of splenic venous vasculature’s structural components
Authors: Dadashev Ali S. , Miltykh Ilia S. , Zenin Oleg K. , Kafarov Edgar S.
Published: June 2024

Objective: to establish morphometric characteristics of different types of splenic venous vasculature’s structural components - bi-units (BUs) in males and females, of the 1st and 2nd periods of adulthood. Materials and methods. The study is based on the results of a morphometric study of corrosion casts of the splenic venous system of 64 people (32 men, 32 women; 32 first period of adulthood, 32 second period of adulthood) who died of sudden death and accidental causes between the ages of 21 and 60. The diameters (D) and lengths (L) of the venous segments forming the BU were measured. The splenic venous vasculature was represented as a system consisting of four types of BU: 1 - complete asymmetry, the values of the internal diameters of the proximal segment (D), the distal segments with larger diameter (dmax) and the distal segment with smaller diameter (dmin) are not equal- D≠dmax≠dmin; 2 - lateral asymmetry, D=dmax and dmax≠dmin; 3 - unilateral symmetry - D≠dmax≠dmin and dmax=dmin; 4 - complete symmetry, D=dmax=dmin. Results. All four types of BUs are present in the composition of splenic venous vasculature; the relative number, of the total number of BUs of splenic venous vasculature type 1 is 55.2%; type 2 - 4.7%, type 3 - 38.0%, type 4 - 2.1%; the presence of a reliable relationship between the relative number of BUs of different types, sex and age group; the sizes of all four types of BUs were determined; the largest size is BU of type 1, and the smallest - BU of type 4; the most symmetrical bi-unites are of types 3 and 4, the most asymmetrical - of types 1 and 2; the relative number of BU of type 1 decreases, BU of type 3 increases, and types 2 and 4 practically do not change in the direction from proximal to distal parts of the vasculature. Conclusion. The results obtained can serve as a foundation for the creation of a morphometric reference standard of splenic venous vasculature and should be taken into account in its numerical modelling.
Content of fatty acids and free carbohydrates in the underground organs of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. ET Maxim.) Maxim.)
Authors: Komarova Aitalyina Kuo A. , Stepanova Tatyana A. , Prokop’ev Ilya A.
Published: June 2024

Objective: determination of the qualitative and quantitative content of free fatty acids and free carbohydrates in various samples of Eleutherococcus raw materials collected in the Russian Far East. Materials and methods. The samples used for the study were rhizomes and roots of Eleutherococcus collected in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, Amur and Jewish Autonomous Regions. The composition of the constituents was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results. In the samples analysed, 3 polyols (sugar alcohols), 6 sugars and 5 fatty acids were identified. The group of polyols identified includes arabitol, mannitol and inositol. From the group of fatty acids, palmitic, margaric, stearic, linoleic and oleic acids were identified. The carbohydrate group includes fructose, allose, glucose, cellobiose, sucrose and raffinose. The quantitative content was evaluated for each compound. In the fatty acid complex, the highest content was found for linoleic acid (1.15 mg/g). The dominant components of the carbohydrate complex were found to be sucrose and glucose with respective contents of 9.29 mg/g and 12.53 mg/g. The average content of total polyols was 1.29 mg/g, fatty acids - 2.01 mg/g and free carbohydrates - 29.51 mg/g. Significant variability was observed in the quantitative content not only of individual substances, but also in the sum of substances of different groups. The coefficients of variability of the content of individual substances ranged from 47 to 199%, and the amounts of fatty acids, polyols and free carbohydrates from 61 to 62%. Conclusion. Thus, presence of 3 polyols, 6 sugars and 5 fatty acids was detected. A quantitative assessment of their content and statistical processing of the data obtained were carried out. It has been shown that the quantitative content of the compounds in the samples studied is characterized by a significant variability.
Enhanced denitrification by graphene oxide–modified cathode for the secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants in three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors
Authors: Xue Ying , Zhang Chaojie , Li Sibo , Zhou Qi , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Yalei
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactor (3D-BER) with a graphene oxide (GO)–modified cathode was developed to enhance the denitrification performance of secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants (SEWTPs). The effects of different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and currents on the 3D-BER were explored. The results indicated that at the optimal HRT of 4 h and current of 350 mA/m2, the 3D-BER with GO-modified cathode had a higher denitrification rate (2.40 ± 0.1 mg TN/L/h) and less accumulation of intermediate products, especially with 3.34% total nitrogen (TN) molar conversion to N2O. The GO-modified cathode offered a large biocompatible specific surface area and enhanced the conductivity, which favored microbial growth and increased electron transfer efficiency and extracellular enzyme activities. Moreover, the activity of nitrite reductase increased more than that of nitrate reductase to accelerate nitrite reduction, thus facilitating the denitrification process. The proposed 3D-BER provided an effective solution to elevate tertiary denitrification in the SEWTP.
A política do vírus na pandemia do negacionismo no Brasil
Authors: Menezes Daniel
Published: June 2024

Resenha do livro:
COSTA, Humberto; RODRIGUES, Randolfe. A política contra o vírus: bastidores da CPI da Covid. São Paulo: Cia das Letras, 2022.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE APRENDIZADO DE PROJETO, TECTÔNICA E TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Miranda e Souza Carolina Helena , De Lemos Carsalade Flávio
Published: June 2024

A questão central da pesquisa a partir da qual este artigo foi desenvolvido é verificar a relação entre o desenvolvimento de habilidades em projeto e os conhecimentos sobre tectônica e tecnologia da construção. Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados para uma abordagem dessa questão, pela consulta a relatos em artigos, teses e dissertações publicados por pesquisadores sobre experiências didáticas acerca do tema e os resultados que estes pesquisadores alcançaram. As informações foram levantadas a partir de periódicos e eventos selecionados, repositórios de teses e dissertações, em notícias nas páginas eletrônicas de cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo e nos currículos de docentes desses cursos. Os critérios para tais seleções estão explicitados e justificados no texto. Foram encontradas as indicações elaborar modelos, maquetes, modelagem por imersão ou realidade virtual; utilizar ferramentas computacionais paramétricas; executar o projeto desenvolvido; esclarecer objetivos e definir orientações dos exercícios com precisão; destacar que decisões de projeto devem se relacionar aos estudos preliminares; considerar a materialidade desde o início do processo de projeto; adotar escalas de projeto compatíveis com o tempo disponível para seu desenvolvimento; adotar conceitos e referenciais simbólicos relacionados a materialidade e tectônica; utilizar mecanismos de representação como ferramentas ativas de projeto; integrar disciplinas; utilizar modelos de ensino que permitam trocas dialéticas entre arquitetura e engenharia; adotar pesquisa como base para elaboração de projeto; ofertar formação em pós-graduação que qualifique para a abordagem tectônica em projeto.