bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meer rendement halen uit investeringen in een betere beleidsvoorbereiding
Authors: Houppermans Meyken
Published: June 2017

Meer rendement halen uit investeringen in een betere beleidsvoorbereiding

Een gedegen beleidsvoorbereiding kan beleidsfalen voorkomen. Hoewel deze thematiek al jaren aandacht krijgt in de politiek, lukt het de rijksoverheid nog niet hieraan structureel succesvol invulling te geven. In het licht van de recente Tweede Kamer verkiezingen is er hernieuwde aandacht voor samenspraak bij beleid en beleidsexperimenten om te komen tot beter beleid. Het rendement daarvan is naar verwachting beperkt. Ten eerste omdat samenspraak vaak zodanig ingeperkt is, dat de invloed van kennis voor beleid beperkt blijft. Ten tweede omdat wetenschappelijke kennis prevaleert boven de voor beleidseffectiviteit noodzakelijke tacit knowledge. De rijksoverheid kan meer rendement halen uit investeringen in een betere beleidsvoorbereiding, door de structurele afweging tot de inzet van samenspraak en beleidsexperimenten bij nieuw of gewijzigd beleid; verantwoording van deze afweging, alsmede onafhankelijke toetsing van de te verwachten beleidseffectiviteit. Investeringen in handreikingen zijn weinig zinvol. De gemeente Rotterdam geeft een goed voorbeeld.
Parental mediation, cyber victimization, adjustment difficulties, and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: June 2017

Parental mediation of technology use is proposed to protect against the risk of cyber victimization and the associated negative consequences. Although the buffering effects of parental mediation of technology use are currently being investigated, little attention has focused on whether parental mediation protects against the depression, anxiety, and loneliness associated with cyber victimization among adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. The present study focused on this gap in the literature by investigating the buffering effect of parental mediation on the associations between cyber victimization and depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Participants were 128 6th through 8th graders from the Midwestern United States (ages range from 11-16 years old; 89% male), and they completed questionnaires on their perceptions of parental mediation of technology use, cyber victimization, face-to-face victimization, depression, loneliness, and anxiety. After controlling for face-to-face victimization, the findings revealed that high levels of perceived parental technology mediation made the relationship between cyber victimization and depression more negative, while lower levels of perceived parental technology mediation made the association more positive. These patterns were not found for anxiety or loneliness.
Let’s talk about sex: How people with intellectual disability in Australia engage with online social media and intimate relationships
Authors: Darragh Judith , Reynolds Louise , Ellison Caroline , Bellon Michelle
Published: June 2017

People with intellectual disability often experience repression and control of their sexuality as they have historically been perceived as being childlike and asexual by members of society.  Such acts can be seen to contravene their Human Rights under The Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (CRPD), which endorses the rights of people with intellectual disability to fully express their sexuality.The purpose of this study was to explore if people with intellectual disability access internet based social media, and if so, if they use it to form relationships that express their sexuality. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 adults with an intellectual disability (22 males, 8 females), aged between 20 to 66 years. Participants were purposely sampled though disability #organisations.Three themes emerged from the data: creating new friendships, maintaining existing friendships, exploring and expressing sexuality.  People with intellectual disability used a variety of personal electronic devices to access internet based social media to be socially and sexually active. Facebook was accessed to make contact with existing platonic friends, peers and interest groups to meet socially. Sexually explicit material was viewed using the internet, either as an individual activity or by couples in monogamous relationships.  This study adds to the paucity of research examining the use of internet based social media by people with intellectual disability for sexual expression. This research revealed the people with intellectual disability exercised cyber safe practices without any explicit formal education and conducted themselves in a respectful manner.  Few participants acted in a manner that appeared to put them at risk of exploitation.
The effects of bursty bulk flows on global‐scale current systems
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Cao Jinbin , Fu Huishan , Lu Haoyu , Yao Zhonghua
Published: June 2017

Using a global magnetospheric MHD model coupled with a kinetic ring current model, we investigate the effects of magnetotail dynamics, particularly the earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) produced by the tail reconnection, on the global‐scale current systems. The simulation results indicate that after BBFs brake around X = −10 RE due to the dipolar “magnetic wall,” vortices are generated on the edge of the braking region and inside the inner magnetosphere. Each pair of vortex in the inner magnetosphere disturbs the westward ring current to arc radially inward as well as toward high latitudes. The resultant pressure gradient on the azimuthal direction induces region‐1 sense field‐aligned component from the ring current, which eventually is diverted into the ionosphere at high latitudes, giving rise to a pair of field‐aligned current (FAC) eddies in the ionosphere. On the edge of the flow braking region where vortices also emerge, a pair of region‐1 sense FACs arises, diverted from the cross‐tail duskward current, generating a substorm current wedge. This is again attributed to the increase of thermal pressure ahead of the bursty flows turning azimuthally. It is further found that when multiple BBFs, despite their localization, continually and rapidly impinge on the “wall,” carrying sufficient tail plasma sheet population toward the Earth, they can lead to the formation of a new ring current. These results indicate the important role that BBFs play in bridging the tail and the inner magnetosphere ring current and bring new insight into the storm‐substorm relation.
Carbon contents in reduced basalts at graphite saturation: Implications for the degassing of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon
Authors: Li Yuan , Dasgupta Rajdeep , Tsuno Kyusei
Published: June 2017

Carbon contents in reduced Martian basalts at graphite saturation were experimentally studied at 1400–1550°C, 1–2 GPa, and logfO2 of IW − 0.4 to IW + 1.5 (IW denotes the Fe‐FeO buffer). The results show that carbon solubility in Martian basalts, determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, is 20 to 1400 ppm, increasing with increasing fO2. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements on the quenched silicate glasses show that the dominant carbon species in Martian basalts is carbonate (CO32−). The experimental data generated here were combined with literature data on similar graphite‐saturated carbon solubility for mafic‐ultramafic compositions to develop an empirical model that can be used to predict carbon content of graphite‐saturated reduced basalts at vapor‐absent conditions:

urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre20688:jgre20688-math-0001

urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre20688:jgre20688-math-0002
in which T is temperature in K, P is pressure in GPa, XH2O is mole fraction of water in basalts, ΔIW is the oxygen fugacity relative to the IW buffer, and NBO/T = 2 total O/T − 4 (T = Si + Ti + Al + Cr + P). This model was applied to predict carbon content in graphite‐saturated mantle melts of the Mercury, Mars, and the Moon. The results show that graphite may be consumed during the production and extraction of some Martian basalts, and CO2 released by volcanism on Mars cannot be an efficient greenhouse gas in the early Mars. The lunar mantle carbon may be one of the main propellant driving the fire‐fountain eruption on the Moon; however, the Mercurian mantle carbon may not be an important propellant for the explosive eruption on Mercury.
Parameter‐dependent Riccati equation–based output feedback adaptive control
Authors: Kim Kilsoo , Calise Anthony J. , Yucelen Tansel
Published: June 2017

A parameter‐dependent Riccati equation approach is proposed to design and analyze the stability properties of an output feedback adaptive control law design. The adaptive controller is intended to augment an existing fixed‐gain observer‐based output feedback control law. Although the formulation is in the setting of model reference adaptive control, the realization of the adaptive controller does not require implementing the reference model. In this regard, the increased complexity of implementing the adaptive controller, above that of a fixed‐gain control law, is less than that of other methods. The error signals are shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded, and an estimate for the ultimate bound is provided. The issue of sensor noise is addressed by introducing an error filter. The control design process and the theoretical results are illustrated using a model for wing rock dynamics.
Enriched Fluorescence Emission from WS2 Monoflake Empowered by Au Nanoexplorers
Authors: Sow Belle Miaoer , Lu Junpeng , Liu Hongwei , Goh Kuan Eng Johnson , Sow Chorng Haur
Published: June 2017

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are deposited on monolayer 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) microflake (monoflake) to probe the effects of gold deposition on the physical and chemical properties of the WS2 transition metal dichalcogenides. It is found that the Au NPs behave like nanoexplorers that map out subtle and hidden chemical heterogeneity within the WS2 monoflake by way of site‐selective decoration on the WS2 monoflake. The resultant decorated Au NPs patterns trace the concentric fluorescence pattern found on the WS2 monoflake. The Au NPs enhance the fluorescence intensity in selected regions within the WS2 monoflake and even activate fluorescence emission from previously dark regions. Most remarkably, the photoluminescence spectra from WS2 with Au NPs are sharpened and dominated by neutral excitons. This is in stark contrast to photoluminescence emission from pristine WS2 monoflake where the spectrum exhibits a multitude of emissions from trions, biexcitons, neutral excitons, and defect‐bounded excitons.
Fabrication and Electroproperties of Nanoribbons: Carbon Ene–Yne
Authors: Jia Zhiyu , Li Yongjun , Zuo Zicheng , Liu Huibiao , Li Dan , Li Yuliang
Published: June 2017

Carbon ene–yne nanoribbons (CEYNRs), a novel 1D material, are synthesized from tetraethynylethene by using an anodic aluminum oxide template under mild conditions. Materials characterization illustrates that carbon ene–yne is entirely composed of sp‐hybrid and sp2‐hybrid carbon. CEYNRs exhibit excellent semiconductor properties; their conductivity is up to 3.2 × 10−2 S m−1, which facilitates their application in electronic devices. Also, CEYNRs have great potential as a competitive candidate for field emitters. CEYNRs may be a new versatile material for many green applications, such as electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, packaging, and catalysis.
Structural Transition in Liquid Crystal Bubbles Generated from Fluidic Nanocellulose Colloids
Authors: Chu Guang , Vilensky Rita , Vasilyev Gleb , Deng Shengwei , Qu Dan , Xu Yan , Zussman Eyal
Published: June 2017

The structural transition in micrometer‐sized liquid crystal bubbles (LCBs) derived from rod‐like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was studied. The CNC‐based LCBs were suspended in nematic or chiral nematic liquid‐crystalline CNCs, which generated topological defects and distinct birefringent textures around them. The ordering and structure of the LCBs shifted from a nematic to chiral nematic arrangement as water evaporation progressed. These packed LCBs exhibited a specific photonic cross‐communication property that is due to a combination of Bragg reflection and bubble curvature and size.
Unraveling the Nature of Sites Active toward Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction in Fe‐N‐C Catalysts
Authors: Choi Chang Hyuck , Choi Won Seok , Kasian Olga , Mechler Anna K. , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Brüller Sebastian , Strickland Kara , Jia Qingying , Mukerjee Sanjeev , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Jaouen Frédéric
Published: June 2017

Fe‐N‐C catalysts with high O2 reduction performance are crucial for displacing Pt in low‐temperature fuel cells. However, insufficient understanding of which reaction steps are catalyzed by what sites limits their progress. The nature of sites were investigated that are active toward H2O2 reduction, a key intermediate during indirect O2 reduction and a source of deactivation in fuel cells. Catalysts comprising different relative contents of FeNxCy moieties and Fe particles encapsulated in N‐doped carbon layers (0–100 %) show that both types of sites are active, although moderately, toward H2O2 reduction. In contrast, N‐doped carbons free of Fe and Fe particles exposed to the electrolyte are inactive. When catalyzing the ORR, FeNxCy moieties are more selective than Fe particles encapsulated in N‐doped carbon. These novel insights offer rational approaches for more selective and therefore more durable Fe‐N‐C catalysts.
A Binuclear Zinc Interaction Fold Discovered in the Homodimer of Alzheimer's Amyloid‐β Fragment with Taiwanese Mutation D7H
Authors: Polshakov Vladimir I. , Mantsyzov Alexey B. , Kozin Sergey A. , Adzhubei Alexei A. , Zhokhov Sergey S. , van Beek Wouter , Kulikova Alexandra A. , Indeykina Maria I. , Mitkevich Vladimir A. , Makarov Alexander A.
Published: June 2017

Zinc‐induced oligomerization of amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) produces potentially pathogenic agents of Alzheimer's disease. Mutations and modifications in the metal binding domain 1–16 of Aβ peptide crucially affect its zinc‐induced oligomerization by changing intermolecular zinc mediated interface. The 3D structure of this interface appearing in a range of Aβ species is a prospective drug target for disease modifying therapy. Using NMR spectroscopy, EXAFS spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry the interaction of zinc ions with Aβ fragments 1–7 and 1–10 carrying familial Taiwanese mutation D7H was studied. Zinc ions induce formation of a stable homodimer formed by the two peptide chains fastened by two zinc ions and stacking interactions of imidazole rings. A binuclear zinc interaction fold in the dimer structure was discovered. It can be used for designing zinc‐regulated proteins and zinc‐mediated self‐assembling peptides.
Scientific evolutionary pathways: Identifying and visualizing relationships for scientific topics
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Guangquan , Zhu Donghua , Lu Jie
Published: June 2017

Whereas traditional science maps emphasize citation statistics and static relationships, this paper presents a term‐based method to identify and visualize the evolutionary pathways of scientific topics in a series of time slices. First, we create a data preprocessing model for accurate term cleaning, consolidating, and clustering. Then we construct a simulated data streaming function and introduce a learning process to train a relationship identification function to adapt to changing environments in real time, where relationships of topic evolution, fusion, death, and novelty are identified. The main result of the method is a map of scientific evolutionary pathways. The visual routines provide a way to indicate the interactions among scientific subjects and a version in a series of time slices helps further illustrate such evolutionary pathways in detail. The detailed outline offers sufficient statistical information to delve into scientific topics and routines and then helps address meaningful insights with the assistance of expert knowledge. This empirical study focuses on scientific proposals granted by the United States National Science Foundation, and demonstrates the feasibility and reliability. Our method could be widely applied to a range of science, technology, and innovation policy research, and offer insight into the evolutionary pathways of scientific activities.
School absence and its effect on school performance for children born with orofacial clefts
Authors: Bell Jane , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Turner Robin , Bower Carol , Dodson Alan , Hancock Kirsten , Nassar Natasha
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

School absence is associated with lower performance on standardized tests. Children born with orofacial clefts (OFC) are likely to have more absence than children without OFC; however, school absence for children with OFC has not been quantified. We aimed to describe school absence and its relationship with school performance for children with and without OFC.

METHODS

Population‐based record‐linked cohort study of children (402 with OFC, 1789 without OFC) enrolled in schools in Western Australia, 2008 to 2012. We compared median school absence rates using Wilcoxon rank tests, and investigated the impact of school absence on standardized scores from reading, numeracy, and writing tests, using multivariable models fitted by generalized estimating equations.

RESULTS

In Semester 1, at each primary school year level, children without OFC and children with cleft lip only or cleft palate only had similar median absence rates (approximately 1 week). Children with cleft lip and palate had significantly higher absence rates in Years 4 to 6 (between 1 and 2 weeks). During secondary school, median absence rates were higher (2 weeks) for all children, but not statistically different between children with and without OFC. Higher absence was significantly associated with lower standardized reading, numeracy, and writing scores. However, having a cleft of any type had little influence on the association between absence and test scores.

CONCLUSION

School absence affected school performance for all children. Absence did not differentially disadvantage children born with OFC, suggesting current practices to identify and support children with OFC are minimizing effects of their absence on school performance. Birth Defects Research 109:1048–1056, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic value of Notch receptors in postsurgical patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Tingdong , Han Chuangye , Zhu Guangzhi , Liao Xiwen , Qin Wei , Yang Chengkun , Liu Zhen , Su Hao , Liu Xiaoguang , yu Long , Liu Zhengtao , Lu Sicong , Chen Zhiwei , Liang Yu , Huang Jianlu , Qin Xue , Gui Ying , Li Jiaquan , Peng Tao
Published: June 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and a major cause of cancer involved death worldwide. Prognosis remains poor because of high recurrence rates and lack of effective relapse prevention strategies. Notch pathway plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, and it is associated with the prognosis of cancer. A total of 465 hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC patients who underwent surgery were enrolled. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Notch pathway receptors were genotyped using Sanger DNA sequencing. Kaplan–Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were adopted to analyze the association of polymorphisms and mRNA expression with clinical and pathological features, respectively. Four SNPs (rs1043996 in Notch3 and rs422951, rs520692, rs3830041 in Notch4) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (P = 0.023, P = 0.042, P = 0.028, and P = 0.001 respectively). Patients carrying the AA genotype in rs1043996 and TT/TC genotypes in rs422951 and rs520692 significantly decreased risks of death, compared to those carrying the AG/GG genotype in rs1043996 and CC genotype in rs422951 and rs520692, respectively. Patients carrying the TT genotype in rs3830041 showed poorer OS, compared with those carrying the TC/CC genotype. A haplotype block (rs422951 was in strong LD with rs520692, r2 = 0.843) was identified in Notch4. Notch3 mRNA expression significantly increased in tumor tissue, compared with nontumor normal tissue (P < 0.0001). Moreover, higher expression of Notch3 was associated with poorer OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.32–3.37, P = 0.002) and shorter recurrence time of HBV‐related HCC (HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.31–2.93, P = 0.001). Our findings collectively indicate that Notch receptors variants (rs1043996 in Notch3 and rs422951, rs520692, rs3830041 in Notch4) are independent predictive targets for OS in HBV‐related HCC patients. Notch3 expression is a potential prognostic biomarker of OS and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) prediction in HBV‐related HCC patients following surgical treatment.
Myeloid sarcoma identified on liquid‐based cervical cytology samples: A report of two cases
Authors: Snider Jessica S. , Eichel Yekaterina , Caudell Alisa M. , Chajewski Olga S. , Yang Jack , Lindsey Kathryn G.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is to detect primary squamous lesions of the uterine cervix. Although most successful at detection of squamous lesions, the Pap may also detect metastatic carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas. We report two rare cases of myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the uterine cervix identified on screening Pap smears with concurrent confirmatory cervical biopsies. The purpose of our study is to identify and report cytologic features of MS on Pap smears utilizing a liquid‐based ThinPrep method, which has not been previously documented in literature. Two Pap smears were identified from the pathology laboratory information system, both with positive cervical biopsy findings of MS. Both women, age 40 and 39, presented with ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis, and past medical histories significant for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On imaging, cervical masses were identified, and subsequent work‐up with Pap smears and biopsies were performed. Cytologic examination of the ThinPrep Pap smears were negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion. Atypical hematologic cells were seen in the background with irregular nuclear contours, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, variably prominent nucleoli, and variable amounts of agranular cytoplasm. The biopsy confirmed these findings to represent MS. MS is defined as a tumor mass of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells occurring in an extramedullary site. This rarely involves the female genital tract, about 50 reported cases. Although very rare, MSs in the setting of a history of AML are able to be identified on liquid‐based ThinPrep smears.
Spontaneous vs. Base‐Induced Dehydrochlorination of Group 14 ortho‐Carboranylamidinates
Authors: Harmgarth Nicole , Liebing Phil , Förster Andreas , Hilfert Liane , Busse Sabine , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: June 2017

The reaction of the lithium ortho‐carboranylamidinate Li[HL] {HL = [o‐C2B10H10C(NiPr)(NHiPr)]} with ECl2R2 (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; R = Cl, Me, Bu, Ph) leads to new ortho‐carboranylamidinates of the group 14 elements. In the case of the heavier elements, Ge, Sn, and Pb, compounds of the composition R2ECl[HL] were obtained in a straightforward manner, where the E atom adopts trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination. In the case of Si, disproportionation to R2Si[L] and H2L takes place immediately. The R2Si[L]‐type compounds, in which the Si atom exhibits a tetrahedral coordination, were obtained in a targeted synthesis protocol by reaction of the doubly lithiated ligand Li2L with R2SiCl2. The heavier homologues Cl2Ge[L] and Cl2Sn[L](THF) have been obtained accordingly. In contrast, it was found that deprotonation of R2ECl[HL] to R2E[L], employing triethylamine as a base, is not appropriate. All new compounds have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry.
Algerian Moringa oleifera whole seeds and kernels oils: Characterization, oxidative stability, and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Boukandoul Silia , Casal Susana , Cruz Rebeca , Pinho Carina , Zaidi Farid
Published: June 2017

The rising of global per capita food consumption has driven scientists and manufacturers into a search for new or renewed edible oil sources, while also improving their production towards maximum yield, quality, and economic feasibility. Hence, a new origin (Algerian) of Moringa oleifera seed oil was characterized in the present study in terms of its physical and chemical features on two consecutive crops. Moreover, aiming to ascertain if the industrial solvent extraction could be enhanced, extracted oils from shelled and unshelled seeds were compared. All oils under study presented a low oxidation status and an excellent resistance to oxidation. Additionally to the characteristic high average content of unsaturated fatty acids (71% oleic acid), microcomponent analyses revealed interesting amounts of phytosterols (4–5 g/kg), tocopherols (287–327 mg/kg), carotenoids (4–8 mg/kg), and phenolic compounds (11–17 mg/kg). These outcomes were within or better (stability and oxidative status) than reported data for M. oleifera seed oil from other origins, and without significant differences between crops. Apart from a slight color change and increased sterol and wax contents when extracted with shells, no other significant compositional changes were observed, including oil extraction yield, both equivalent to 37% on a kernel basis. This work sustains the high quality of Algerian M. oleifera seed oil, a still underutilized crop in this country. Also, it provides an insight on the potential use of grinded whole seeds directly for solvent extraction, reducing labor demand and cost for the industries, without significant variation on compositional and stability parameters.

Practical applications: Regarding the growing demand on edible oils, and considering Algeria as a country with a large range of climatic conditions, M. oleifera cultivation for edible oil extraction could be of economic interests to the region. Based on the findings of this work, the oil extracted from M. oleifera grown in Algeria presents significantly high quality, stability, and consistency between crops. From a technological point of view, we also propose that solvent extraction can be performed directly on the powder of whole M. oleifera seeds, avoiding the shelling step, with proportional oil yield and equivalents quality, of major importance for the industry.

Algerian Moringa oil presents high quality, stability, and consistency between crops. The presence of shells does not effect oil quality and yield, of major importance for the industry.
A novel EWS‐CREB3L3 gene fusion in a mesenteric sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
Authors: Dewaele Barbara , Libbrecht Louis , Levy Gabriel , Brichard Benedicte , Vanspauwen Vanessa , Sciot Raf , Debiec‐Rychter Maria
Published: June 2017

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare, malignant fibroblastic neoplasm, morphologically composed of cords, nests or sheets of monotonous epithelioid cells within a collagenous matrix. It has been recently characterized by recurrent pathogenic EWS‐CREB3L1/2 or FUS‐CREB3L2 fusions and common MUC4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Typically SEF occur in middle‐aged adults and rarely have been reported within the abdominal cavity. Here we report an 18‐year‐old man with intraabdominal tumor and multiple disseminated liver metastases, presenting pure SEF histologic and immunophenotypic features. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed unbalanced rearrangement of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene. Genomic profiling by array CGH, followed by RT‐PCR and sequencing analysis, revealed a previously not reported EWSR1 translocation partner, cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein 3‐like 3 (CREB3L3). The novel EWSR1‐CREB3L3 fusion further extends the range of fusion types involving EWSR1 that are characteristic for SEF.
Interventions for treatment and/or prevention of alcohol hangover: Systematic review
Authors: Jayawardena Ranil , Thejani Thulasika , Ranasinghe Priyanga , Fernando Dinithi , Verster Joris C.
Published: June 2017

Objective

To evaluate new research conducted over the past few years (2009–2016) assessing the effectiveness of potentially curative and/or preventive methods of alcohol hangover.

Methods

Data were retrieved by a 4‐stage systematic search process. A search of the online Pubmed and Scopus databases were performed, using a combination of keywords: “Alcohol,” “Ethanol,” and “C2H5OH,” in combination with the terms “Hangover,” “Treatment,” and “Prevention.” The search comprised studies listed between January 1, 2009 and June 30, 2016. Findings were synthesized using a systematic approach. Quantitative analysis was not done because of the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results

Six controlled human studies were identified (placebo controlled—3, controlled studies with a comparator intervention—3). Of the interventions, the use of polysaccharide rich extract of Acanthopanax senticosus, red ginseng antihangover drink, Korean pear juice, KSS formula, and the After‐Effect© were associated with a significant improvement of hangover symptoms (p < .05). The highest improvement was observed for the following symptoms: tiredness, nausea/vomiting, and stomachache. None of the methods were effective for all the symptoms.

Conclusion

The available evidence suggests that several products are capable of significantly improving some, but not all, of the symptoms related to alcohol hangover. Therefore, further research is necessary to develop clinically effective hangover treatments.
Young runoff fractions control streamwater age and solute concentration dynamics
Authors: Benettin Paolo , Bailey Scott W. , Rinaldo Andrea , Likens Gene E. , McGuire Kevin J. , Botter Gianluca
Published: June 2017

We introduce a new representation of coupled solute and water age dynamics at the catchment scale, which shows how the contributions of young runoff waters can be directly referenced to observed water quality patterns. The methodology stems from recent trends in hydrologic transport that acknowledge the dynamic nature of streamflow age and explores the use of water age fractions as an alternative to the mean age. The approach uses a travel time‐based transport model to compute the fractions of streamflow that are younger than some thresholds (e.g., younger than a few weeks) and compares them to observed solute concentration patterns. The method is here validated with data from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest during spring 2008, where we show that the presence of water younger than roughly 2 weeks, tracked using a hydrologic transport model and deuterium measurements, mimics the variation in dissolved silicon concentrations. Our approach suggests that an age–discharge relationship can be coupled to classic concentration–discharge relationship, to identify the links between transport timescales and solute concentration. Our results highlight that the younger streamflow components can be crucial for determining water quality variations and for characterizing the dominant hydrologic transport dynamics.
Quantitative MRI and spectroscopy of bone marrow
Authors: Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Ruschke Stefan , Dieckmeyer Michael , Diefenbach Maximilian , Franz Daniela , Gersing Alexandra S. , Krug Roland , Baum Thomas
Published: June 2017

Bone marrow is one of the largest organs in the human body, enclosing adipocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, which are responsible for blood cell production, and mesenchymal stem cells, which are responsible for the production of adipocytes and bone cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ideal imaging modality to monitor bone marrow changes in healthy and pathological states, thanks to its inherent rich soft‐tissue contrast. Quantitative bone marrow MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have been also developed in order to quantify changes in bone marrow water–fat composition, cellularity and perfusion in different pathologies, and to assist in understanding the role of bone marrow in the pathophysiology of systemic diseases (e.g. osteoporosis). The present review summarizes a large selection of studies published until March 2017 in proton‐based quantitative MRI and MRS of bone marrow. Some basic knowledge about bone marrow anatomy and physiology is first reviewed. The most important technical aspects of quantitative MR methods measuring bone marrow water–fat composition, fatty acid composition, perfusion, and diffusion are then described. Finally, previous MR studies are reviewed on the application of quantitative MR techniques in both healthy aging and diseased bone marrow affected by osteoporosis, fractures, metabolic diseases, multiple myeloma, and bone metastases.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:332–353.
Free‐breathing pediatric chest MRI: Performance of self‐navigated golden‐angle ordered conical ultrashort echo time acquisition
Authors: Zucker Evan J. , Cheng Joseph Y. , Haldipur Anshul , Carl Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To assess the feasibility and performance of conical k‐space trajectory free‐breathing ultrashort echo time (UTE) chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus four‐dimensional (4D) flow and effects of 50% data subsampling and soft‐gated motion correction.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐two consecutive children who underwent both 4D flow and UTE ferumoxytol‐enhanced chest MR (mean age: 5.4 years, range: 6 days to 15.7 years) in one 3T exam were recruited. From UTE k‐space data, three image sets were reconstructed: 1) one with all data, 2) one using the first 50% of data, and 3) a final set with soft‐gating motion correction, leveraging the signal magnitude immediately after each excitation. Two radiologists in blinded fashion independently scored image quality of anatomical landmarks on a 5‐point scale. Ratings were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum, Wilcoxon signed‐ranks, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Interobserver agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

For fully sampled UTE, mean scores for all structures were ≥4 (good‐excellent). Full UTE surpassed 4D flow for lungs and airways (P < 0.001), with similar pulmonary artery (PA) quality (P = 0.62). 50% subsampling only slightly degraded all landmarks (P < 0.001), as did motion correction. Subsegmental PA visualization was possible in >93% scans for all techniques (P = 0.27). Interobserver agreement was excellent for combined scores (ICC = 0.83).

Conclusion

High‐quality free‐breathing conical UTE chest MR is feasible, surpassing 4D flow for lungs and airways, with equivalent PA visualization. Data subsampling only mildly degraded images, favoring lesser scan times. Soft‐gating motion correction overall did not improve image quality.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:200–209.
Reconstruction of spring phenology and temperature in Beijing, China, from A.D. 1741 to 1832
Authors: Liu Yang , Fang Xiuqi
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, 89 records of spring phenophases of plants and lake melting dates in Beijing from A.D. 1741 to 1832 were extracted from the poems written by the Qianlong, Jiaqing, and Daoguang emperors during the Qing Dynasty. Based on a phenology transformation model, all of these spring phenological records were converted into the first blooming date of Amygdalus davidiana for A.D. 1741–1832. Then, a springtime temperature anomaly series for A.D. 1741–1832 was reconstructed based on modern (1951–1980) correlation between the first blooming date of A. davidiana and the mean springtime (March–May) temperature. The main results are as follows. (1) The spring phenological and temperature series for Beijing were successfully dated back to A.D. 1741. (2) A.D. 1790 was the turning point of the spring phenology change between 1741 and 1832; specifically, the average first blooming date of A. davidiana had advanced by 4.84 days compared to the present (A.D. 1951–1980), during 1741 to 1789, and was delayed by 0.14 days during 1790 to 1832. (3) The mean springtime temperature in A.D. 1741–1789 was about 0.48 °C warmer than the present (A.D. 1951–1980) in Beijing. (4) The annual‐scale variation of the phenological series during A.D. 1790–1832 was greater than that in A.D. 1741–1789.
Variation in use of postoperative chemoradiation following surgery for T1 and T2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; National Cancer Database
Authors: Roman Benjamin R. , Baxi Shrujal S. , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. , Blackwell Timothy J. , Pfister David G. , McBride Sean , Ganly Ian , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Morris Luc G. , Cohen Marc A.
Published: June 2017

Background and Objectives

Primary surgical treatment of patients with early T‐classification (T1‐T2) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased. We sought to determine how often these patients receive postoperative chemoradiation (CRT).

Methods

Patients with T1‐T2 OPSCC in the National Cancer Database who underwent primary surgery were evaluated for receipt of postoperative CRT. Postoperative CRT use was examined among patients with high risk factors (positive margins and/or extracapsular spread [ECS]), intermediate risk factors (negative margins, no ECS, and either pT3‐4 and/or N2‐N3), and no apparent risk factors.

Results

Of 4833 patients with T1‐T2 OPSCC who underwent primary surgery, 43% had high risk pathologic factors, of whom only 63% received postoperative CRT. Another 31% had no apparent risk factors, of whom 16% nonetheless received postoperative CRT. On multivariable analysis, in addition to tumor and demographic factors, patients treated at community hospitals were more likely to receive postoperative CRT (O.R. 1.41 C.I. 1.18‐1.87, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Variation in postoperative CRT use indicates a lack of consensus and/or knowledge about its benefits and indications. Usage of postoperative CRT regardless of pathologic risk factors suggests an area where future efforts at implementation of best practices may be targeted.
Personal and hospital factors associated with limited surgical resection for lung cancer, in‐hospital mortality and complications in New York State
Authors: Taioli Emanuela , Liu Bian , Nicastri Daniel G. , Lieberman‐Cribbin Wil , Leoncini Emanuele , Flores Raja M.
Published: June 2017

Background and Objectives

Early stage lung cancer is generally treated with surgical resection. The objective of the study was to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with the type of lung cancer surgical approach utilized in New York State (NYS), and to assess in‐hospital adverse events.

Methods

A total of 33 960 lung cancer patients who underwent limited resection (LR) or lobectomy (L) were selected from the NYS Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database (1995‐2012).

Results

LR patients were more likely to be older (adjusted odds ratio ORadj and [95% confidence interval]: 1.01 [1.01‐1.02]), female (ORadj: 1.11 [1.06‐1.16]), Black (ORadj: 1.17 [1.08‐1.27]), with comorbidities (ORadj: 1.08 [1.03‐1.14]), and treated in more recent years than L patients. Length of stay and complications were significantly less after LR than L (ORadj: 0.56 [0.53‐0.58] and 0.65 [0.62‐0.69]); in‐hospital mortality was similar (ORadj: 0.93 [0.81‐1.07]), and was positively associated with age and urgent/emergency admission, but inversely associated with female gender, private insurance, recent admission year, and surgery volume.

Conclusions

There was a growing trend toward LR, which was more likely to be performed in older patients with comorbidities. In‐hospital outcomes were better after LR than L, and were affected by patient and hospital characteristics.
Development and validation of a nomogram to estimate the pretest probability of cancer in Chinese patients with solid solitary pulmonary nodules: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: She Yunlang , Zhao Lilan , Dai Chenyang , Ren Yijiu , Jiang Gening , Xie Huikang , Zhu Huiyuan , Sun Xiwen , Yang Ping , Chen Yongbing , Shi Shunbin , Shi Weirong , Yu Bing , Xie Dong , Chen Chang
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To develop and validate a nomogram to estimate the pretest probability of malignancy in Chinese patients with solid solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN).

Materials and Methods

A primary cohort of 1798 patients with pathologically confirmed solid SPNs after surgery was retrospectively studied at five institutions from January 2014 to December 2015. A nomogram based on independent prediction factors of malignant solid SPN was developed. Predictive performance also was evaluated using the calibration curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The mean age of the cohort was 58.9 ± 10.7 years. In univariate and multivariate analysis, age; history of cancer; the log base 10 transformations of serum carcinoembryonic antigen value; nodule diameter; the presence of spiculation, pleural indentation, and calcification remained the predictive factors of malignancy. A nomogram was developed, and the AUC value (0.85; 95%CI, 0.83‐0.88) was significantly higher than other three models. The calibration cure showed optimal agreement between the malignant probability as predicted by nomogram and the actual probability.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a nomogram that can estimate the pretest probability of malignant solid SPNs, which can assist clinical physicians to select and interpret the results of subsequent diagnostic tests.
Targeting breast cancer outcomes‐what about the primary relatives?
Authors: Johnston Alison , Sugrue Michael
Published: June 2017

Background

Up to 65% of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients had not been screened correctly before diagnosis resulting in increased stage of cancer at presentation. This study assessed whether their primary relatives are, in turn, assessed appropriately.

Methods

An ethically approved prospective study involving 274 primary relatives of women diagnosed with breast cancer, between 2009–2012, at a symptomatic breast unit in Ireland. Telephone interview established: demographics, menstrual history, family history verification, breast screening history. Personal risk level was calculated and whether current screening met screening guidelines. Participants were enrolled into appropriate screening programs if currently not in one and results analyzed.

Results

Two hundred and fifteen of the 280 (76.8%) newly diagnosed patients responded giving details of their 274 primary relatives; this made up the study cohort. Mean age 50 ± 10 (35–75). Thirty two percent were low risk, 64% moderate and 4% high. 190/274 (69%) were being screened appropriately. Seventy five relatives were then assessed with: mammography in 55, Mg and US in 16. Four underwent a biopsy and to date none had cancer. Surveillance was: annual screening in 48%; national screening program and General Practitioner (GP) in 33%; GP only in over 65s in 13%; 6% await further assessment at specialist genetics clinics where their surveillance will be decided.

Conclusions

This study has identified an opportunity to improve the delivery of appropriate screening to higher risk primary relatives of patients with breast cancer. This necessitates an integrated national approach involving providers of primary care, patients and screening breast programs.
Dynamics of binary mixtures of an ionic liquid and ethanol by NMR
Authors: Ordikhani Seyedlar Amin , Martins João Pedro de Almeida , Sebastião Pedro J. , Jardim Beira Maria José , Stapf Siegfried , Vaca Chávez Fabián , Mattea Carlos
Published: June 2017

A study of molecular dynamics of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro‐methylsulphonyl)imide ([Emim][Tf2N]) in solution with deuterated ethanol at different molar concentration and temperatures is presented. The study was performed using1H and2H nuclear magnetic relaxation and2H 1D spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation timeT1of the cations allows the evaluation of the activation energies of the rotational degree of freedom of these molecules. The viscosity in the binary system increases with the concentration of ionic liquid. However, the activation energy in the cation molecules decreases when the concentration of the ionic liquid increases, indicating that the rotational dynamics is facilitated. This behavior is explained from the fact that the presence of the ionic liquid in the system disrupts the degree of intermediate range order expected in the alcohol system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse optimal controller based on extended Kalman filter for discrete‐time nonlinear systems
Authors: Almobaied Moayed , Eksin Ibrahim , Guzelkaya Mujde
Published: June 2017

In this study, we present an inverse optimal control approach based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to solve the optimal control problem of discrete‐time affine nonlinear systems. The main aim of inverse optimal control is to circumvent the tedious task of solving the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation that results from the classical solution of a nonlinear optimal control problem. Here, the inverse optimal controller is based on defining an appropriate quadratic control Lyapunov function (CLF) where the parameters of this candidate CLF were estimated by adopting the EKF equations. The root mean square error of the system states is used as the observed error in the case of classical EKF algorithm application, whereas, here, the EKF tries to eliminate the same root mean square error defined over the parameters by generating a CLF matrix with appropriate elements. The performance and the applicability of the proposed scheme is illustrated through both simulations performed on a nonlinear system model and a real‐time laboratory experiment. Simulation study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with 2 other inverse control approaches. Finally, the proposed controller is implemented on a professional control board to stabilize a DC‐DC boost converter and minimize a meaningful cost function. The experimental results show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed EKF‐based inverse optimal control even in real‐time control systems with a very short time constant.
The biomechanical effect of tunnel placement on ACL graft forces in double‐bundle ACL reconstruction – A 3D computational simulation
Authors: Varady Nathan H. , Kernkamp Willem A. , Li Jingsheng , Wang Lianxin , Koga Hiroshi , Asnis Peter , Li Guoan
Published: June 2017

Background

The posterolateral (PL) graft experiences a high failure rate in anterior cruciate ligament double‐bundle (DB) reconstruction. It is hypothesized that tunnel positions could dramatically affect the graft forces.

Methods

A validated computational model was used to simulate DB reconstruction with various femoral PL tunnel locations (8–11 mm center–center tunnel spacing). Graft fixation was simulated at both 0° and 30°. Knee biomechanics were examined with the knee under a 134 N anterior load and 400 N quadriceps load at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. Graft forces, tibial translation, and tibial rotation were calculated.

Results

PL graft forces at full extension increased with increasing tunnel spacing under both fixation settings, but the knee kinematics was not dramatically affected.

Conclusion

Small changes in the femoral PL tunnel position could result in large changes in graft forces, implying that precise PL tunnel position is an important factor in a successful DB reconstruction.