bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN TEH CELUP HERBAL YANG MENGANDUNG DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba L Folium) UNTUK PEMELIHARAAN GULA DARAH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RIMPANG KENCUR (Kaempferia Galanga L Rhizoma) SEBAGAI PENAMBAH AROMA
Authors: Fatimah Risma Nur , Andriani Susi , Ratnasari Dewi
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Diabetes Melitus merupakan suatu penyakit kronis, yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai perubahan gangguan baik fisik maupun psikologis. Dampak penyakit DM secara fisik diantaranya seperti pasien akan mudah kelelahan, dampak psikologis yang ditimbulkan pasien akan mengalami gelisah, stres bahkan depresi.
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat teh celup herbal  yang mengandung daun murbei (Morus alba L Folium) untuk pemeliharaan gula darah  dan rimpang kencur (Kaempferia  galanga L Rhizoma) sebagai penambah aroma yang mudah dan praktis untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian tindakan (Action Research). Menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa uji organoleptik dan uji derajat keasaman (pH). Sediaan dibuat dengan perbandingan komposisi daun murbei pada masing-masing sediaan sebanyak 3,045 gr, sedangkan variasi rimpang kencur sebanyak 1,76 gr pada formula 1, 1,52 gr pada formula 2, dan 3,045 gr pada formula 3.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil susut pengeringan serbuk daun murbei sebanyak 2,4 % dan rimpang kencur sebanyak 5,4 %. Formula terbaik adalah formula 2 dengan komposisi daun murbei sebanyak 3,045 gr dan rimpang kencur sebanyak 1,52 gr. Formula tersebut menunjukan aroma khas kencur tidak terlalu pekat dan rasa teh sedikit asam dan ketika diseduh tidak menghasilkan endapan.
Simpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Formula yang stabil juga ditunjukan oleh formula 2 dengan pH sediaan stabil pada hari ke 9 dan hari ke 21 ketika proses uji derajat keasaman (pH) dengan pH sebesar 6,5
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN OBAT GOSOK (LINIMENTUM) DARI BAHAN KELAPA (COCOS NUCIFERA L.) DAN EKSTRAK DAUN JOTANG KUDA (SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA)
Authors: Indriyani N Rini , Djamaludin Agus , Helmiawati Yusi
Published: June 2022

Latar Belakang: Obat Gosok (Linimentum) adalah sediaan cair atau kental mengandung analgetikum dan zat yang mempunyai sifat rubefacient melemaskan otot atau menghangatkan, digunakan sebagai obat luar. Linimentum yang terbuat dari bahan kimia di pasaran memiliki efek samping yang membahayakan bila digunakan secara terus-menerus. Maka dari itu obat gosok dari bahan herbal bisa dijadikan sebagai alternatif. Secara empiris daun jotang kuda memiliki sifat antioksidan dan analgesic. Selain itu, minyak kelapa murni (VCO) memiliki khasiat sebagai pemeliharaan kulit sehingga sangat cocok bila dijadikan sebagai basis dari linimentum.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan minyak gosok bahan alam yang stabil dengan pengujian organoleptik selama 3 minggu pada suhu kamar (30 ) dan suhu dingin (8 ).
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan (action reseach) meliputi perencanaan, pengambilan tindakan, pengamatan atau evaluasi atas tindakan. Pada penelitian ini formula yang digunakan yaitu VCO sebanyak 50 ml ditambahkan ekstrak daun jotang kuda sebanyak 0,5 gram. Hasil dari pengujian organoleptik selama 3 minggu pada suhu kamar (30 ) tidak terjadi perubahan bentuk dan warna yang menandakan tidak terjadinya pertumbuhan jamur. Akan tetapi sediaan minyak gosok ini mengalami perubahan bau setelah minggu ke 3, bau yang dihasilkan lebih lemah dibanding pengujian pada minggu pertama dan kedua.
Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan minyak gosok ini mampu bertahan selama 3 minggu pada suhu kamar (30 ) dan dapat digunakan sebagai minyak gosok pemeliharaan kulit maupun pereda nyeri
Testing the Classical Inflation Theory in Pakistan
Authors: Faridi Muhammad Zahir , Altaf Sheneela , Fida Anum , Ali Asad
Published: June 2022

The study is about the examination of the classical theory of inflation in Pakistan. The data covered, the time period from 1972 to 2020. Time series data is used and collected from World Bank. The ARDL model estimation technique is used to analyze the data. The study shows a research gap based on testing the classical inflation theory in Pakistan which is different from previous related studies. The novelty of this research is to test the positive and direct linkage of doubling the money supply will double the price level in the case of Pakistan believing the classical model of inflation. The stationarity of data is checked through the unit root test. The results show that there is a positive relationship between nominal money supply and inflation in Pakistan, as classical believe that doubling the money supply will double the price level and the value of money becomes half. The findings of the study support that classical inflation theory is valid in the case of Pakistan. Inflation is taken as a dependent variable as a proxy of GDP deflator and a list of independent variables are such as per capita income, nominal money supply, interest rate, taxes, and government current expenditures. The empirical, theoretical, and historical facts are supporting this study. The study has explored the existence of inflation in Pakistan. It is observed that inflation is a monetary phenomenon and it is connected with the money supply which leads to an increase in the general price level. In order to curtail inflation government should control the money supply which will help to reduce prices.
Effect of pod size on physical properties of cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) with reference to farm level mechanization of cocoa processing
Authors: Arulmari R
Published: June 2022

Physical properties of cocoa pods are essential to develop gadgets to mechanize farm level processing. The various physical properties of cocoa pods, viz.,size, mass, sphericity, aspect ratio, volume, bulk density, true density, porosity, surface area, radius of curvature, friction coefficient, angle of repose, rolling angle and rolling friction were determined. The average length and breadth of the cocoa pods were 147.50±13.9 and 74.19±13.0 mm, respectively. Based on the length, the pods were categorized as small, medium and large size,as less than 120 mm, 120 to 140 mm and above 140 mm. Thickness of husk at the ridge and furrow varied as 4 to 21 mm and 3 to 17 mm and increased with increase in pod length. Average mass of the pod and bean in the pod were 327.45±67.6 g and 84.22±14.9 g, respectively. The sphericity and aspect ratio ranged 0.54 to 0.68 and 0.4 to 0.57. The true volume, bulk density and true density for cocoa pods ranged 308.92 to 590.52 cm3, 398.10 to 339.03 kg.m-3and 589.10 to 661.04 kg.m-3, respectively. The surface area and radius of curvature along major axis ranged from 243.15 to 356.31 cm2 and 72.83 to143.48 mm, respectively.
Evaluation of the effect of time of fixation and microwave treatment on quality of fatty tissue fixation in breast cancer specimens
Authors: Adam Mujahed Nooraldaem Mirghani , Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , Ali Ali Seedahmed Mohamed , Khalid Ismail Osman
Published: June 2022

Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology. The study aimed to evaluate fatty tissue fixation using microwave and different times of processing in breast samples. Fatty tissues are fixed by chemical fixatives and by physical ways. 132 fatty tissues were included in this study. Fixation of samples at room temperature in 10% Formal saline showed better results for cellular outlines, nuclear details, overall morphology and staining than samples fixed at room temperature in 10% Formaline. Fixation of samples under Microwave oven at (60°C) in 10% Formalin for 5 min showed better results for cellular outlines, nuclear details, overall morphology. Tissues irradiated to 600C for 5 min were superior to those. Fixation of samples under Microwave oven at (60°C) in 10% Formal saline for 5 min showed better results. The microscopic results of fixation in 10% Formal saline under Microwave oven at (60°C) for 5 minutes were excellent even for fatty tissues. Microwave processing considerably shortens the time for fixation of fatty tissues without a demonstrable decrease in section quality or interpretation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Oral Jelly containing Zolmitriptan hydrochloride
Authors: Ahmad Wajid , Jawed Rihan
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to develop an immediate release of Zolmitriptan hydrochloride oral jellies for the treatment of severe migraine. The jellies were prepared by using chitosan hydrochloride with different concentration as a polymer and propylene glycol as a co-polymer. The prepared jellies were evaluated for its various physio-chemical parameters such as pH, appearance, viscosity, in vitro drug release and drug content. The pH of the prepared formulations was found to be in the range of 7.5-8.1. The appearance of the prepared formulations was transparent to opaque. The viscosity of the prepared jellies was found to be in the range of 273600 - 542335 CPS. The drug content of the prepared jellies was found to be more than 97%. The in vitro drug release immediate release with increased concentration of Chitosan Hydrochloride, and the drug release were found to be more than 60% in 15 minutes. This present studies concluded that Zolmitriptan hydrochloride oral jellies can be a better alternative for oral dispersible tablets and it could produce improved bioavailability as compared to other fast releasing dosage form. From the above studies of various parameters, it was concluded that the FJ5 formulation was found to be optimized formulation.
Novel Topical Drug Delivery System: Microemulgel - A Review
Authors: Mehta Jai , N. Shah Chainesh , Upadhyay U M
Published: June 2022

Topical delivery systems for drugs allow for localised drug administration through ophthalmic, vaginal, skin, and rectal routes. Topical formulations have a wide range of products designed for cosmetic or dermatological use on both healthy and diseased skin. Topical drug delivery system is generally used in where other systems of drug administration fail or it is mainly used in local skin infection like fungal infection. Topical drug delivery can be defined as the application of a drug containing formulation to the skin to directly treat cutaneous disorder. A unique feature of topical drug delivery is the direct accessibility of the skin as a target organ on human body for diagnosis and treatment. Microemulsions generally contain both a surfactant and co-surfactant that induce spontaneous formation of the system. Emulgel is a combination of emulsion and gel. Emulgel is the one of the recent technologies in NDDS used for Dual action of emulsion and gel for topical drug delivery system. Emulgel is emulsions, either of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, which are gelled by mixing with a gelling agent. The main objective behind emulgel is delivery of hydro phobic drug via skin so that hydrophobic moiety can enjoy the unique properties of gels. Micro-emulsions are micronized, and thermodynamically stable structures with low interfacial tension prepared by adding a co-surfactant have many advantages, including increased permeability, better thermodynamic stability, and longer release times. Emulgel improves patient compliance and emulsion stability by prolonging drug release. The formulated emulgel is assessed for parameters such as pH, viscosity, globule size, Spreadability, and so on, while the micro-emulsion is assessed for parameters such as viscosity, pH, zeta-potential, and so on.
Pharmacological Study and Phytochemical Study of Celastrus paniculatus Seed
Authors: S. Shinde Tejashri , S. Jadhav Ravindra , N. Vikhe Dattaprasad
Published: June 2022

The Celastrus paniculatus wild belongs to family Celastraceae. In Ayurveda is known as ‘Tree of life’ and ‘Elixir of life’. It is commonly known as Malkangani and Jyothishmati in Hindi and Sanskrit respectively. The plant contains bioactive compound such as Alkaloids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, Terpenoids, Phlobatannins, Cardiac Glycosides and Phenolic Compound. seed oil are the most used parts of this deciduous plant and oral and intranasal routes are most preferred for delivering this drug in Ayurveda. Different studies have show that it has various pharmacological activities which involve neuroprotective activity, rejuvenative activity, cardiovascular activity, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-infertility activity, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity anti-arthritic activity etc. Mainly oil from seeds is used for stimulating intellect, sharpening memory and in the treatment of brain related disorder of all the age category. It also reported as a potential nervine tonic, rejuvenator and an anti-depressant. Celastrus paniculatus Willd is one of the medicinal plant having its importance in health care system as a indegenous medicinal plant also. The seed involve steroid alkaloids and bright natural coloring matter, celapanine, celapanigine, celapagine, celastrine, and paniculatine are the important alkaloids.
A Study on the Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Indian Mutual Funds
Authors: Mihir Dash  , Rita Samikannu
Published: June 2022

Indian financial markets have witnessed very high levels of volatility in recent months, with a sharp decline in the BSE-SENSEX from a peak of around 21,000 points to a nadir below 11,000 points, with as much as a 700-point fall on one single day. Indian economic conditions have also seemed to stagnate, with an overall slow-down in economic growth, along with the pressures of increasing crude oil prices and increasing inflation. In fact, the overall global scenario has also been quite bleak, especially with the onset of recession in the US. Mutual fund investments, which are generally considered to be less risky than other financial instruments such as shares and debentures, have also suffered in the general atmosphere of volatility.

 

The present study investigates the effect of macroeconomic variables on mutual fund schemes, in terms of returns and volatility.  The study uses the Granger causality test to analyze these effects. The results of these causality tests would identify the specific macroeconomic factors which affect the returns and volatility of particular mutual fund schemes, which, on the one hand, would enable fund managers to manage the risk profiles of their portfolios more effectively; and, on the other hand, would enable investors to understand the specific risk factors affecting their investments, so that they can take more informed investment decisions pertaining to mutual funds.

 

The data to be used in the study were the weekly returns and volatilities of different macroeconomic variables, such as market returns (calculated from the BSE-SENSEX), USD/INR and EURO/INR exchange rates, interest rates (Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer rates), inflation rates, and crude oil prices, over the period October ‘06 - June ‘08. The weekly returns and volatilities of a sample of major mutual fund schemes over the same period would be considered for the analysis.
International Accounting Harmonization of Cash Flow Reporting Practices: Evidence From the Largest Italian and Spanish Companies
Authors: Paolone Francesco , Cabanellas Becerra Jaime Gregorio
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the phenomenon of accounting harmonization among Italian and Spanish entities that adopt IAS/IFRS, focusing on the cash flow reporting practices (IAS 7). We provide empirical evidence at the European level by analysing the accounting harmonization of IAS 7 adoption. Specifically, by using the C index of Van der Tas, we analyse the Cash Flow Statements (CFSs) published in 2020 of the largest companies that operate in Italy and Spain, respectively listed in FTSE MIB40 and IBEX35. Overall, the empirical findings indicate great levels of harmonization in applying IAS 7 emerged by the analysis of CFSs in the annual reports of 2020. Italian and Spanish companies show similar results on IAS 7 harmonization. The level of harmonization could be improved in the future across different companies of various EU countries, necessitating further work by the IASB to reduce alternative methods allowed in IAS/IFRS standards. The aim of this work is to investigate how IAS 7 allows different options for reporting entities’ cash flows as well as to verify the level of harmonization of the largest Italian and Spanish groups. Finally, we address solutions to make CFSs more comparable among entities that belong in different EU countries.
Çekişmeli Üretici Ağlar ile Denim Kumaşından Otomatik Bıyık Desen Üretimi
Authors: ŞAHİN Emrullah , TALU Muhammed Fatih
Published: June 2022

Denim kumaşları üzerine çizilen bıyık desenleri lazer ışın cihazıyla oluşturulmaktadır. Bu cihazın istenilen bıyık desenini çizebilmesi için desen görselinin hazırlanması gerekir. Müşteriden alınan numune kotlardaki bıyık desenlerinin görsele aktarılabilmesi için Photoshop programında uzmanlaşmış bir personelin ortalama 2-3 saat süren bir çalışma yapması gerekir. Bu durum üretim hızının yavaşlamasına ve insana bağlı hataların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, müşteriden alınacak örnek kot numunelerindeki bıyık desenlerini otomatik algılayarak desen görselini üreten yeni bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımda, bıyık desen görüntülerinin üretilebilmesi için çekişmeli üretici ağlar (Generative adversarial network-GAN) içerisinde yer alan Pix2Pix mimarisinin güncellenmiş bir versiyonu kullanılmaktadır. Kot ve bıyık desen görsellerinden inşa edilen bir veri kümesiyle eğitimin yapılmış ve personele bağlı farklı bıyık deseni üretiminin önüne geçilmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, bıyık desen görseli üretim hızı bir saniyenin altına düşerken, üretim doğruluğu %89 seviyelerinde olduğu görülmektedir. Bir sonraki çalışmada veri kümesindeki görsellerin standardizasyonu sağlanarak doğruluğun arttırılması hedeflenmektedir.
PAPSMEAR IMAGE SEGMENTATION WITH CONTRASTIVE LEARNING BASED GENERATIVE ADVERASRİAL NETWORKS
Authors: ALTUN Sara , TALU Muhammed Fatih
Published: June 2022

PapSmear görsellerinin otomatik olarak rahim ağzı kanser varlığının tespit edilmesi aktif bir

çalışma alanıdır. PapSmear görüntülerinde nesnelerin dağılımı sürekli yer değiştirmektedir. Bu

çalışmada, Çekişmeli Üretken Ağlar (ÇÜA) ve karşılaştırmalı öğrenme tekniklerinden parça tabanlı

yöntemler kullanılarak PapSmear görüntü bölütlemesi yapılmıştır. Kıyaslanan yöntemler CycleGAN,

CUT, FastCUT, DCLGAN ve SimDCL yöntemidir. Tüm yöntemler eşlenmemiş görüntüler üzerinde

çalışmaktadır. Bu yöntemler bir birlerini temel alarak geliştirilmişlerdir. DCLGAN ve SimDCL yöntemi

CUT ve CycleGAN yönteminin birleşimidir. Bu yöntemlerde maliyet fonksiyonları, ağ sayıları

değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada yöntemler ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Yöntemlerin

birbirine benzerlik ve farklılıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bölütleme yapıldıktan sonra hem görsel hem de

ölçüm metrikleri kullanılarak bulunan sonuçlara yer verilmiştir. Ölçüm metriği olarak FID, KID, PSNR

ve LPIPS yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar, DCLGAN ve SimDCL yönteminin

PapSmear bölümletlemede kıyaslanan yöntemler arasında daha iyi oldukları olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

CycleGAN yönteminin ise diğer yöntemlerden daha başarısız olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Erratum: “Vehicle Routing Using Machine Learning Based Ant Colony Optimization, Computer Science, IDAP-2021, Special Issue, 2021”
Authors: KAMİLÇELEBİ Sinan , ILKİN Sumeyya , ŞAHİN Suhap
Published: June 2022

Erratum— In the article titled "Vehicle Routing Using Machine Learning Based Ant Colony Optimization" published in the 2021 IDAP-21 Special Issue of the Computer Science Journal at 261-273 page intervals; it was noticed that some erroneous reporting and typo errors were made in the algorithm results presented in Tables [4, 5-12] and Table 16 by the authors. The authors apologize to the readers and other parties for these mistakes. Corrections and explanations made in order to eliminate the erroneous reporting in the article are presented. These corrections and improvements presented below increase the originality of the study.
English Language Proficiency and Geometric Proof Skills of Students
Authors: Bombio Winmark , Del Rosario Anna Liza
Published: June 2022

Educational reforms and curriculum development were continuously implemented for quality and inclusive education for all learners. As proficiency in English language became an issue, it has also been a burden in studying mathematics, specifically geometry, which is mainly written and taught in English Language. Hence, this study utilized descriptive correlational design in describing the students’ proficiency in English language, specifically in reading comprehension, and Geometric proof skills in terms of correctness, appropriateness, logical reasoning, and clarity. Additionally, random sampling technique was used in choosing 30 mathematics students at a state university in Laguna. The quantitative data revealed that the respondents were proficient in terms of reading comprehension. However, with the presence of socio-cultural differences, their answers were influenced by environmental interference. On the other hand, the students performed advanced level in all aspects of Geometric proof skills. It was also found out that there is a significant relationship between reading comprehension and the correctness of proof and logical reasoning. Contrary to the results of the two components of geometric proof skills, reading comprehension has no significant relationship to both appropriateness and clarity. Based from the findings, the study suggests educators expose their students to a wide variety of reading materials in enhancing geometric proof skills.
Comics-Based Worktext for Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Skills in World Literature
Authors: Lopez Eugene Mark
Published: June 2022

This study explores the use of the self-designed comics to enhance the reading comprehension and vocabulary skills of the college students in world literature. Specifically, it identifies the literal, interpretative, creative and evaluative domains of reading comprehension and the context clues, word analysis, word structure and loan words elements of vocabulary skills. It also evaluates the acceptability and effectiveness of the comics through the objective, language used, graphic designs, usability, readability, knowledge ability, values discovery and additional information. The results showed significant differences between the reading comprehension and vocabulary skills pre-test and the posttest indicating improved level of skills with the use of comics as instructional material. However, the improved skills level is not correlated to the acceptability and effectiveness of the material. Furthermore, the use of comics deliver moral lesson to the readers while increasing the reading comprehension and vocabulary skills. The study finds it helpful to use the comics-based work-text in teaching world literature.
Attenuated effects of rivastigmine in induced cytokine storm in mice
Authors: Abed Mansoor Ahmed F. , Abu Raghif Ahmed R.
Published: June 2022

Background: A cytokine storm is a serious clinical condition that complicates infectious diseases, for example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and non-infectious diseases such as autoimmune diseases and cancer and may often lead to death. The patients who are affected by the cytokine storm are almost always severe/critical and at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome or eventually death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) have been repeatedly shown to be related to the COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the attenuated effect of rivastigmine (RA) in a cytokine storm in Swiss Albino mice in which the cytokine storm was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore their effects on IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Methods: This study was carried with 60 male Swiss albino mice that were divided equally and randomly into six groups as follows:

• Group AH: Apparently healthy control group which received no induction, not treated.

• Group LPS: Induced using LPS at 5 mg/kg and no treatment administered.

• Group DMSO: Induced and treated with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

• Group RA: Induced and treated with 0.5 mg/kg RA.

• Group MPA: Induced and treated with 50 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MPA).

• Group RMPA: Induced and treated with 0.25 mg/kg rivastigmine and 25 mg/kg of methylprednisolone.

All the mice were treated with drugs or vehicles for three consecutive days before LPS induction. The mice were then injected with LPS intraperitoneally at a dosage of 5 mg/kg for systematic inflammatory stimulation. After 48 hours of LPS induction, all the mice were euthanized by light anesthesia with chloroform, and blood was collected for the quantitative determination of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: Administration of LPS to Swiss albino mice caused a significant elevation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels than in the healthy control group. Significant reduction of these parameters were observed in the RA and MPA groups when compared with those in the non-treated group. Conclusion: RA was found to be effective in attenuating the induced cytokine storm by suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and the results with RA were comparable to that of MPA. A combination of half-doses of both RA and MPA administered together shows no obvious advantage when compared with that of each of them alone.
Iraqi senior medical students’ attitude toward the effect of COVID-19 on clinical sessions and e-learning
Authors: Al Shawi Ameel F. , Hamad Mohammed H. , Hameed Aseel K. , Kareem Hadeer Q. , Khalil Russel N. , Hamad Hajer W.
Published: June 2022

Background: During the pandemic of COVID 19, several colleges throughout the world either delayed or canceled their activities to minimize the risk of virus transmission. However, these measures had high medical and social impacts on both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The aim of the current study was to measure the attitude of medical students at 5th and 6th study levels for e-learning and clinical training during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from May to June 2021. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect the sample. A self-administered questionnaire was developed through reviewing the literature and was modified to be useful for the local culture. Results: The total number of participants was 417 from different Iraqi universities, females consisted 56.6% of them, and the mean age was 23.94 ± 1.06. The results revealed that 55% of the participants generally agreed with the opinion that combined learning was a collaborative system, which provided a facility of learning through communication skills. About half of the Iraqi medical students stated that “their medical education and training had been significantly disrupted during the pandemic”; 39% of them approved the statement “in comparison to period prior COVID-19 pandemic, my medical performance in final clinical exam was decline”. Conclusion: The pandemic status had a considerable negative effect on medical training, motivation, and intellectual abilities of Iraqi medical students at final study levels. However, online teaching provided a new opportunity of learning for medical students.
Sağlıklı insanlarda uyku yoksunluğunun insülin, resistin ve visfatin düzeylerine etkileri
Authors: GÜREL Elif Ezgi , AYAZ Lokman , ÖZTÜRK Levent
Published: June 2022

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Insulin, Resistin and Visfatin Levels in Healthy Humans

ABSTRACT
Background: Sleep deprivation is known to affect circulating insulin and glucose levels which in turn modulate glucose metabolism. However, the mechanism of alterations in glucose homeostasis during sleep deprivation is not known. In this study, we investigated circulating resistin and visfatin levels in response to 40 hours of sleep loss in order to shed light on the above-mentioned mechanism.
Methods: This study included 12 healthy young adult subjects (aged between 18-32 years). All participants underwent polysomnographic evaluation and oral glucose tolerance test and then fasting venous blood samples were collected in morning hours. Then, subjects remained awake for 40 hours under actigraphic monitorization. At the end of sleep deprivation, blood samples were collected again. Serum insulin, resistin and visfatin levels were measured in all blood samples. Insulin was determined by chemical immune assay method, whereas resistin and visfatin levels assayed by ELISA.
Results: Compared to baseline, 40-hour total sleep deprivation resulted in a significant increase in serum insulin levels (10.75±7.75 vs 35.98±27.96 IU; p=0.002) and a significant decrease in resistin levels (21.94±7.65 vs 11.71±5.31 IU; p=0.002). Visfatin levels remained unchanged (6.29±3.31 vs 5.43±5.08 IU; p>0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggested that short-term total sleep deprivation may lead to insulin resistance which was evidenced by a significant increase insulin levels independent of resistin. This may contribute to pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus under conditions of chronic sleep deprivation.
Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expressions decrease after cryopreservation and re-transplantation of ovarian tissue
Authors: UYSAL Fatma , ÇELİK Soner , TOPAL CELİKKAN Ferda , ÇELİK-ÖZENCİ Çiler , ÖZKAVUKÇU Sinan , CAN Alp , AKKOYUNLU Gökhan
Published: June 2022

Objective DNA methylation includes maintenance and de novo methylation process that are catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) enzymes and these enzymes possess crucial roles in methylation of genes associated with the development of ovarian follicles. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b protein levels change after cryopreservation and re-transplantation of ovarian tissue in rats.
Methods Four groups were designed as; fresh control (FC), frozen/thawed (FT), fresh re-transplanted (T), and frozen/thawed and re-transplanted (FTT). Slow freezing was used to cryopreserve the ovarian tissue pieces and expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
Result Expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b significantly decreased in ovarian follicles in FT, T and FTT groups when compared FC.
Conclusion Expression of Dnmt enzymes has been altered both after cryopreservation alone and following re-transplantation cycles which may lead to disturbed DNA methylation processes during rat folliculogenesis
Influence of the Educational Environment and Parenting Patterns on Children's Growth and Development in the New Normal Era after Covid 19 in the Playgroup of Babadan District, Ponorogo Regency, Indonesia.
Authors: Budiwan Jauhan , Sholihah Abdah Munfaridatus
Published: June 2022

The covid-19 outbreak has changed the educational structure and psychology of child development, the role of teachers, parents and the environment is needed for good development. In the new normal era after covid 19, what is the paradigm model in children's education. This article aims to determine the influence of the educational environment and parenting patterns on children's growth and development in the new normal era after covid 19 in the Babadan sub-district playgroup, Ponorogo district. This research is a field study where to measure the influence of the environment and parents on children's growth and development in the new normal era after covid 19 in the Babadan Subdistrict Playgroup, Ponorogo Regency by using the bivariate correlation test in three schools, namely the Al-Islam playgroup, the Permata Hati playgroup and the Aisiyahplaygroup. The results showed that there was no influence between the role of the environment and parents on the growth and development of children in the post-covid 19 era in two schools, namely the Al-Islam playgroup and the Permata Hati playgroup. Meanwhile, in Aisyiyah's playgroup there is a significant influence on the role of the environment and parents on children's growth and development.
Analysis of Wadiah Savings Product Marketing Strategy at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Aek Kanopan
Authors: Tanjung Riska Suryani , Hasibuan Reni Ria Armayani
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is a type of research whose discovery is not through statistical procedures or other forms of calculations and seeks to understand and interpret certain situations from the perspective of the researcher himself. The most important and most needed business activities today are financial and banking institutions, because the function of banking itself is an intermediation institution that plays a role in supporting the economic growth of a country. The marketing concept is the key to achieving company goals and providing expected satisfaction effectively and efficiently. In an interview conducted by the author to Customer Service, that so far customers in BSI KCP Aek Kanopan preferred to use savings with the principle of wadiah. Based on the rationale, the apprenticeship report took the title "Analysis of the Marketing Strategy of Wadiah Savings Products at the Indonesian Sharia Bank KCP Aek Kanopan".
Techniques and procedures to promote reading in high school students
Authors: Arteaga-Guerrero Jacqueline Aracely , Rodríguez-Gámez María
Published: June 2022

Reading is appreciated as the art of understanding information visually, it is also considered as a process by which we understand written language, academically it is what helps communication with others, currently, most students have difficulties reading politely, which brings as consequently problems in critical, reflexive expressions and in the correct conjugation of words. To achieve success in reading, it is necessary to practice it, using some techniques and procedures that can be implemented in high school to strengthen it. Despite the benefits provided by social networks, students have lost interest in learning to read not only as a tool; but by general culture, a reality that was observed in high school students of the "Mathius Quintanilla Sierra" Educational Unit in the city of Portoviejo, province of Manabí. The objective of this work was to analyze the techniques and procedures to promote reading in high school students. The methodology that was used was mixed, applying the descriptive, deductive, historical, logical, and interpretive methods, a survey was applied to a total sample of the population of 100 high school students.
Patient's performance program about self-care after craniotomy surgery
Authors: Hassan Hassan Jassim , Mohammed Suad Jassim
Published: June 2022

Background: craniotomy surgery is a terrible experience for patients and their families. Patients' worries regarding daily living activities prior surgery and after discharge are the most prevalent. Nurses assess and educate patients on their abilities to undertake self-care after release from the hospital, but they frequently express worry about what they may face at home. Patients got instructions from surgeons and nurses in our setting, but there was no one discharge document that served as a rapid and thorough reference. Precision postoperative instructions for patients to employ at home are crucial to their health. Aims: To evaluate the impact of an instructional program on patient's performance about self-care after craniotomy surgery. To find out the association between impact of an instructional program on patient's performance about self-care after craniotomy surgery and demographic data of patients. Subjects and methods: A pre-experimental design (one group pre-test/ post-test design) is applied has been done to obtain the study goals. Forty-four patients had craniotomy surgery selecting by non-probability sample (convenience) sampling. Their age ranged from (20-60 or more) years old, fully conscious after operation. One group that gives instructional program. Using a valid and reliable questionnaire, data was collected.
Evaluation of lumbar spine using MRI in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Patel Kalpeshkumar , Gupta Akshay , Barai Durgaprasad , Patel Kundan
Published: June 2022

Aim: We compared the prevalence of MR imaging features of lumbar spine degeneration in adults and with self-reported low back pain. Evaluating the patient based on the degree of disc bulge correlating findings on MRI study aimed in establishing the role of MRI in prompt diagnosis to assess the degree of disc herniation. Material and Methods : Patients were evaluated each  for the following outcomes : degree of disc bulge, disc degeneration, disc extrusion, disc protrusion, annular ﬁssures, Modic changes, central canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis, RESULTS : 52 self reported cases of low back pain. 40 of them (80%) met the inclusion criteria, 12 patients had a normal MRI, disc bulge (50%), spondylolysis (20%), disc extrusion (5%), MODIC 1 changes (10%), disc protrusion (5%) and disc degeneration (10%) the degree of disc bulge in the upper lumbar levels showed significant radicular symptoms in symptomatic low back pain patients associated with degenerative changes more in older population with a greater pain scale.
Prevention of indwelling catheter associated urinary tract infection
Authors: Kayem Ahmed Barid , Hassan Hakima Shakir
Published: June 2022

Background: The placement of a urinary catheter is the single most important predisposing factor for Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections, which causes significant morbidity in hospitalized patients, including pain, fever, and malaise. Urinary tract infections are responsible for around 13,000 fatalities each year.  Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections complications lead to an increase in length of stay, patient pain, higher healthcare expenses, and death. Urinary tract infections are the second most frequent illness after respiratory infections. This has an impact on patients' health outcomes and periods of hospital stay. The aim of this study is to improve nurses' knowledge and practices by involving them in an educational program after assessing nurses' knowledge regarding preventing male catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Methods: A pre-experimental design had been applied with the use of one group pre-test/post-test design of samples of 45 nurses to assess of nursing staff's knowledge, and practices toward the prevention of indwelling catheter-associated urinary tract infection in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The reliability of the questionnaire was achieved through a pilot study and then presented to experts to prove its validity.
Increasing digital-based human resources competencies for profitable and sustainable MSME managers
Authors: Kusumastuti Ratih , Maruf Irma Rachmawati , Fatmawati Endang , Kartika Lindawati , Alam Sitti Nur
Published: June 2022

This study discusses efforts to increase the competence of human resources for managing SMEs that are sustainable and profitable. We answered that by collecting several data and information from literature sources in the form of scientific publications, including academic books and websites that discuss issues of MSMEs and HR. Our review efforts have been carried out by coding the data, evaluating and drawing relevant conclusions to answer the problem with high point validity based on the study and reporting and discussion, so we can conclude that efforts to increase human resources for digital-based MHM managers that are sustainable and profitable require strong will from managers. MSMEs to prepare programs that can increase MSME resources. Thus the language of hope for this finding is an essential input.
O humor audiovisual brasileiro sob o olhar da crítica: mobilizações discursivas da liberdade de expressão na circulação de A primeira tentação de Cristo
Authors: Scabin Nara Lya Cabral
Published: June 2022

Sabendo que o humor constitui campo de potencialização de disputas discursivas transversais à sociedade, o presente artigo investiga a mobilização de sentidos de liberdade de expressão na recepção crítica do humor audiovisual brasileiro em um contexto marcado pela ascensão do conservadorismo no país e constantes tentativas de cerceamento de discursos midiáticos contrários aos valores de grupos hegemônicos. Elegendo, como foco de atenção, o caso de A Primeira Tentação de Cristo (2019), especial de Natal realizado pela produtora Porta dos Fundos em parceria com a Netflix, o trabalho discute, como hipótese principal, a ideia de que, na circulação de produções audiovisuais humorísticas, sentidos de liberdade de expressão podem ser mobilizados como elementos-chave de julgamento e avaliação crítica das obras.
CONTROLE MICROBIOLÓGICO DE LINGUIÇA ARTESANAL
Authors: DE MELO Adriana Mary Mestriner Felipe , DA SILVA Katiane Gomes
Published: June 2022

Um dos maiores produtos cárneos produzidos e consumidos no Brasil é a linguiça caseira. Contudo, por se tratar de um alimento altamente processado e manipulado um dos desafios é que sua produção seja livre de contaminantes ao longo de seu ciclo produtivo. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar possíveis agentes patogênicos provenientes de linguiças produzidas artesanalmente na cidade de Dourados-MS. As amostras foram compradas em locais escolhidos aleatoriamente. Após pesagem e processamento de 25g de forma asséptica, as amostras foram diluídas (diluições seriadas em água peptonada 1%) e alíquotas de 1 mL semeadas em placas petrifilme para coliformes (totais e fecais ) e mesófilos. Todas as amostras apresentaram presença de mesófilos e duas amostras apresentaram a presença de coliformes fecais. Considerando que esses microrganismos indicam as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos alimentos, é preocupante encontrar coliformes fecais em amostras de alimentos comercializados, visto que podem indicar a presença de outros patógenos de importância médica à saúde da população. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentavam presença de coliformes totais e duas com presença também de coliformes fecais, indicando um produto não indicado para consumo humano.
REAÇÕES DE HIPERSENSIBILIDADE CAUSADA PELO USO DE AINES EM CRIANÇAS ASMÁTICAS: Uma revisão integrativa.
Authors: CARVALHO Gabriela Lopes de , MARINHO Livya Belém , CANUTO Maria Aparecida Dias Fernandes , AGUIAR Annalu Moreira
Published: June 2022

INTRODUÇÃO:A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica definida por hiperresponsividade das vias aérea inferiores e por limitação variável ao fluxo aéreo reversível naturalmente ou com tratamento. É uma das doenças respiratórias crônicas mais frequentes na infância de origem multifatorial. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINES) são constantemente prescritos em crianças, e reações de hipersensibilidade a esses medicamentos são frequentes nessa faixa etária. OBJETIVO:Identificar através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura avaliar a gravidade das reações de hipersensibilidade que os AINES podem causar em crianças com asma. METODOLOGIA:A coleta de dados dessa revisão integrativa de literatura foi realizada através do levantamento de dados de artigos obtidos em bases de dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde) e PUBMED (Público/editora MEDLINE). Foram utilizados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos disponíveis na integra em português e inglês, publicados no período de 2010 a 2019 e como critério de exclusão foi descartado artigos de revisões, artigos que não se enquadravam ao tema, relatos de casos informais, capítulos de livros, dissertações, teses, textos não científicos e artigos científicos sem disponibilidade do texto na integra online. RESULTADOS:Foram encontrados 365 artigos científicos, onde 9 cumpriramos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram evidenciados nos artigos obtidos riscos no uso dos antiinflamatórios não esteróides em crianças com asma tais como: chiado/sibilos e broncoconstrição, além do aparecimento de alergias cutâneas, eczema, rinoconjutivite e rinite. Os principais AINES que estão associados a esses efeitos são: paracetamol/acetaminofeno e ibuprofeno. CONCLUSÃO:Tendo em vista os riscos relacionados ao uso de AINES em crianças com asma e na exacerbação dos sintomas, deve ser evitado o uso desses medicamentos nessa faixa etária e buscar estratégias para o uso seguro, adequado e orientado a esses medicamentos.
CUIDADO FARMACÊUTICO AO PACIENTE IDOSO HIPERTENSO: Uma revisão sistemática.
Authors: CANUTO Maria Aparecida Dias Fernandes , DE CARVALHO Gabriela Lopes , MARINHO Livya Belém , DUARTE Maria Beatriz Silva , MENDES Rafael De Carvalho
Published: June 2022

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), é uma patologia que acomete grande parte dos idosos, e agravar-se quando associada a comorbidades – obesidade, diabetes e dislipidemias. O tratamento para a HAS e comorbidades associadas demanda uso de métodos medicamentosos e não-medicamentosos, sendo que a grande quantidade de medicamentos usados acompanha posologias inadequadas e/ou inconvenientes e desencadeiam um quadro de não adesão ao tratamento por parte dos idosos. Diante disso é importante o acompanhamento farmacêutico para analisar se os medicamentos são utilizados de forma adequada, no intuito de melhorar a saúde do paciente. Portanto objetiva-se verificar o processo do cuidado farmacêutico como agente interventor de saúde com foco no idoso hipertenso; identificando o gênero; medicamentos mais usados, fatores de não-adesão e intervenções realizadas para melhorar a qualidade de vida do idoso. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser uma revisão sistemática, com consulta às bases de dados – CAPES- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nível superior e SCIELO – Scientific Electronic Libary Online, os descritores utilizados foram: cuidado farmacêutico (Pharmaceutical Care), Hipertensão (Hypertension), Idoso (Old man). Os critérios de inclusão: Artigos originais de texto completo, nas línguas português e inglês com intervalo de tempo entre 2010 a 2019; critérios de exclusão: artigos incompletos e de revisão e que não contemplavam o tema. Diante do estudo podese constatar que problemas hipertensivos acometem mais as mulheres com idade entre 61 - 98 anos, que fazem uso de grande quantidade de medicamentos devido às comorbidades, o que em muitos casos constatou-se dificuldade na adesão ao tratamento, tendo o farmacêutico papel fundamental nas intervenções e acompanhamento terapêutico focando na melhora da qualidade de vida do idoso hipertenso. Nesse sentido conclui-se que o cuidado farmacêutico ajuda a reduzir e prevenir agravos, bem como suas orientações direcionam para a melhora do paciente, promovendo a saúde e garantindo uma terapia farmacológica eficaz.
FITOTERÁPICOS E ALIMENTOS FUNCIONAIS UTILIZADOS NO MANEJO DO DIABETES MELLITUS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: RAVARENA Elizabete Dias , ROSSET Ana Julia Lieber , POSSATO Mariclaudia , SOLAGNA Thais , BENINCÁ Simone Carla , MAZUR Caryna Eurich
Published: June 2022

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma desordem crônica causada pela falta de produção de insulina pelas células beta-pancreáticas ou pelo defeito nos receptores de insulina nas células-alvo, resultando em doença metabólica hiperglicêmica. Atualmente tanto o uso de plantas medicinais quanto de alimentos funcionais pode ser um tratamento adjuvante para pacientes com DM. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar na literatura existente algumas das principais plantas e alimentos funcionais que vem sendo estudados para o tratamento do DM. Trata-se de uma revisão literária de artigos publicados entre 1983 e 2019 nas bases de dados SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Lilacs, Medline. Ainda há poucos estudos na literatura que comprovem os benefícios dos fitoterápicos e alimentos funcionais na prevenção e no tratamento e quando analisam-se os resultados obtidos neste estudo, pode-se observar que quando a fitoterapia e os alimentos funcionais são utilizados de maneira correta, os benefícios que esses podem trazer para o tratamento e controle de pacientes DM são notáveis.