bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Method for Nonlinear Function Approximation Based on Multiplierless Piecewise Linear Approximation
Authors: Yu Hongjiang , Yuan Guoshun , Kong Dewei , Lei Lei , He Yuefeng
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we propose an optimized method for nonlinear function approximation based on multiplierless piecewise linear approximation computation (ML-PLAC), which we call OML-PLAC. OML-PLAC finds the minimum number of segments with the predefined fractional bit width of input/output, maximum number of shift-and-add operations, user-defined widths of intermediate data, and maximum absolute error (MAE). In addition, OML-PLAC minimizes the actual MAE as much as possible by iterating. As a result, under the condition of satisfying the maximum number of segments, the MAE can be minimized. Tree-cascaded 2-input and 3-input multiplexers are used to replace multi-input multiplexers in hardware architecture as well, reducing the depth of the critical path. The optimized method is applied to logarithmic, antilogarithmic, hyperbolic tangent, sigmoid and softsign functions. The results of the implementation prove that OML-PLAC has better performance than the current state-of-the-art method.
Data Science Application for Failure Data Management and Failure Prediction in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Case Study
Authors: Arena Simone , Manca Giuseppe , Murru Stefano , Orrù Pier Francesco , Perna Roberta , Reforgiato Recupero Diego
Published: October 2022

In the industrial domain, maintenance is essential to guarantee the correct operations, availability, and efficiency of machinery and systems. With the advent of Industry 4.0, solutions based on machine learning can be used for the prediction of future failures by exploiting historical failure data. Most of the time, these historical data have been collected by companies without a specific structure, schema, or even best practices, resulting in a potential loss of knowledge. In this paper, we analyze the historical data on maintenance alerts of the components of a revamping topping plant (referred to as RT2) belonging to the SARAS group. This analysis is done in collaboration with the ITALTELECO company, a partner of SARAS, that provided the necessary data. The pre-processing methodology to clean and fill these data and extract features useful for a prediction task will be shown. More in detail, we show the process to fill missing fields of these data to provide (i) a category for each fault by using simple natural language processing techniques and performing a clustering, and (ii) a data structure that can enable machine learning models and statistical approaches to perform reliable failure predictions. The data domain in which this methodology is applied is oil and gas, but it may be generalized and reformulated in various industrial and/or academic fields. The ultimate goal of our work is to obtain a procedure that is simple and can be applied to provide strategic support for the definition of an adequate maintenance plan.
Prediction of Flight Delays at Beijing Capital International Airport Based on Ensemble Methods
Authors: Wang Xunuo , Wang Zhan , Wan Lili , Tian Yong
Published: October 2022

Predicting flight delays plays a critical role in reducing financial losses and increasing passenger satisfaction. Due to their ability to combine multiple algorithms, ensemble methods have demonstrated strong predictive performance in many research fields. In this paper, ensemble methods are adopted to predict flight delays. First, based on the current studies, two novel explanatory variables, named arrival/departure pressure and cruise pressure, are proposed as factors affecting flight delays. Second, we introduce the ensemble methods and select representative algorithms for the prediction problem. In addition to the ensemble methods, classical algorithms are also used to predict flight delays. Finally, the actual operational data of Beijing Capital International Airport were utilized to conduct a case study. The results show that the stacking method has better prediction performance than other baseline methods. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the stacking method was about 12.58 min on the test dataset. Furthermore, we tested the effect of the two explanatory variables proposed in this paper, and the results show that the MAE was reduced by about 20% by using the stacking method.
Lab-on-Chip Culturing System for Fungi—Towards Nanosatellite Missions
Authors: Krakos (Podwin) Agnieszka , Śniadek Patrycja , Jurga Marta , Białas Marcin , Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska Agata , Matkowski Krzysztof , Walczak Rafał , Dziuban Jan
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a lab-on-chip system dedicated to fungi cultivation in Earth’s gravity and simulated microgravity, being a solution that could be used in future nanosatellite missions, is shown. For the first time, a fully glass lab-on-chip structure enabling the proper environment for cultivation of fungi species—Fusarium culmorum—is presented. Apart from the biological validation of the fungi cultures with the use of the lab-on-chip system, tests were carried out under induced microgravity utilising a Rotary Wall Vessel. Correct functioning of the lab-on-chip system was obtained, enabling the growth of fungi spores both in ground and in simulated microgravity conditions. Interestingly, culturing tests have shown that microgravity stimulates the growth of fungi notably, compared to the ground-based experimentation performed simultaneously. The findings of this study can provide substantial new knowledge on microscopic fungi cultivation in lab-on-chip devices, other soil organisms, as well as a potential behavior of these species in microgravity conditions. Culturing system shown in this work can help mycologists to provide better understanding of microscopic fungi nature and their development mechanisms at a single spore level. This opens the way towards regular usage of microfluidic tools in agriculture and horticulture fields and more importantly, in future research on microscopic fungi in space, e.g., as a part of nanosatellite missions.
Nexus between Building Information Modeling and Internet of Things in the Construction Industries
Authors: Mohammed Baydaa Hashim , Sallehuddin Hasimi , Yadegaridehkordi Elaheh , Safie Mohd Satar Nurhizam , Hussain Afifuddin Husairi Bin , Abdelghanymohamed Shaymaa
Published: October 2022

The process of integrating building information modeling (BIM) and Internet of Things (IoT)-based data sources is a recent development. As a generalization, BIM and IoT data provide complementary perspectives on the project that complement each other’s constraints. Applying the concept of BIM-IoT in the construction industries which has been termed to have a high-risk factor could offer an improvement in the overall performance of the construction industries and thereby reduce the associated risks. This study aims to examine the potential of integrating BIM-IoTs in the construction industries by examining related published literature. Literature analysis revealed that the BIM and IoT have been extensively applied individually to several aspects of construction projects such as construction safety risk assessment, construction conflict management, building construction sustainability, and onsite construction process monitoring. However, there is scanty research awareness on the possibilities of BIM-IoT integration in the construction industries.
Effect of Odor-Treatment Biofilter on Bioaerosols from an Indoor Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Bélanger Cayouette Amélia , Ouradou Arthur , Veillette Marc , Turgeon Nathalie , George Paul B. L. , Corbin Stéphane , Boulanger Christian , Duchaine Caroline , Bédard Emilie
Published: October 2022

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are confirmed sources of bioaerosols and can be a hotspot for both antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). Bioaerosols can be a source of dispersion for bacteria and ARGs into the environment. Biofiltration is one of the most effective technologies to mitigate odors from WWTPs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an odor biofiltration system designed to remove volatile compounds, to influence the airborne bacterial diversity and to reduce the aerosolized microbial and ARG concentrations. In total, 28 air samples were collected before and after treatment of an interior WWTP. Overall, air samples collected upstream had higher total bacterial concentrations, and a shift in bacterial diversity was observed. Legionella and Mycobacterium were detected in low abundance upstream and downstream, whereas Legionella pneumophila was detected but not quantifiable in two samples. Of the 31 ARGs and mobile genetic elements detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, 15 exhibited a significant reduction in their relative abundance after biofiltration, and none were significantly higher in the effluent. Overall, these results show the benefits of odor biofiltration systems to reduce bacterial and antimicrobial resistance in treated air, a promising application to limit environmental dispersion.
Biocompatible Nanocomposite Coatings Deposited via Layer-by-Layer Assembly for the Mechanical Reinforcement of Highly Porous Interconnected Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds
Authors: McFerran Aoife , McIvor Mary Josephine , Lemoine Patrick , Meenan Brian J. , Acheson Jonathan G.
Published: October 2022

Tissue-engineered (TE) scaffolds provide an ‘off-the-shelf’ alternative to autograft procedures and can potentially address their associated complications and limitations. The properties of TE scaffolds do not always match the surrounding bone, often sacrificing porosity for improved compressive strength. Previously, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique was used to deposit nanoclay containing multilayers capable of improving the mechanical properties of open-cell structures without greatly affecting the porosity. However, the previous coatings studied contained poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), which is known to be cytotoxic due to the presence of amine groups, rendering it unsuitable for use in biomedical applications. In this work, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)- and chitosan (CHI)-based polyelectrolyte systems were investigated for the purpose of nanoclay addition as an alternative to PEI-based polyelectrolyte systems. Nanocomposite coatings comprising of PEI, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), Na+ montmorillonite (NC), PDDA, CHI and sodium alginate (ALG) were fabricated. The coatings were deposited in the following manner: (PEI/PAA/PEI/NC), PEI-(PDDA/PAA/PDDA/NC) and (CHI/ALG/CHI/ALG). Results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses demonstrated that the nanoclay was successfully incorporated into each polymer bilayer system, creating a nanocomposite coating. Each coating was successful at tailoring the elastic modulus of the open-cell structures, with polyurethane foams exhibiting an increase from 0.15 ± 0.10 MPa when uncoated to 5.51 ± 0.40 MPa, 6.01 ± 0.36 MPa and 2.61 ± 0.41 MPa when coated with (PEI/PAA/PEI/NC), PEI-(PDDA/PAA/PDDA/NC) and (CHI/ALG/CHI/ALG), respectively. Several biological studies were conducted to determine the cytotoxicity of the coatings, including a resazurin reduction assay, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent staining of the cell-seeded substrates. In this work, the PDDA-based system exhibited equivalent physical and mechanical properties to the PEI-based system and was significantly more biocompatible, making it a much more suitable alternative for biomaterial applications.
Implication of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Pérez-Guerrero Patricia , Illanes-Álvarez Francisco , Márquez-Ruiz Denisse , Campaña-Gómez Irene , Cuesta-Sancho Sara , Márquez-Coello Mercedes , Girón-González José-Antonio
Published: October 2022

Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) forming extracellular traps (NETs), as well as endothelial- and platelet-derived parameters, have been analyzed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, and their prognostic role has been evaluated. Eighty-seven consecutive patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were prospectively selected. A sample of 30 healthy individuals served as the control group. Clinical and oxygenation (oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio—SpO2/FiO2) characteristics and PMNs forming NETs, serum levels of myeloperoxidase, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1—VCAM1—vascular endothelial growth factor, P-selectin, platelet factor 4 and plasma concentrations of D-dimer were evaluated at hospital admission, at discharge and 14 days after discharge. Intensive care unit admission or death was the primary composite endpoint. Patients showed a higher number of PMNs forming NETs than healthy controls. The absolute number of PMNs forming NETs was inversely correlated with oxygen status (SpO2/FiO2) and positively with inflammatory (C-reactive protein, ferritin) markers and VCAM1. A decrease in, but not a normalization of NETs and endothelial-derived parameters was observed in patients who survived. In conclusion, the formation of NETs runs parallel to that of other inflammatory and endothelial activation markers, and is inverse to the oxygenation parameters, supporting a pathogenic role for PMNs in this entity.
Suppressive Role of ACVR1/ALK2 in Basal and TGFβ1-Induced Cell Migration in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells and Identification of a Self-Perpetuating Autoregulatory Loop Involving the Small GTPase RAC1b
Authors: Ungefroren Hendrik , Braun Rüdiger , Lapshyna Olha , Konukiewitz Björn , Wellner Ulrich F. , Lehnert Hendrik , Marquardt Jens-Uwe
Published: October 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells are known for their high invasive/metastatic potential, which is regulated in part by the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The involvement of at least two type I receptors, ALK5 and ALK2, that transmit downstream signals of the TGFβ via different Smad proteins, SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5, respectively, poses the issue of their relative contribution in regulating cell motility. Real-time cell migration assays revealed that the selective inhibition of ALK2 by RNAi or dominant-negative interference with a kinase-dead mutant (ALK2-K233R) strongly enhanced the cells’ migratory activity in the absence or presence of TGFβ1 stimulation. Ectopic ALK2-K233R expression was associated with an increase in the protein levels of RAC1 and its alternatively spliced isoform, RAC1b, both of which are implicated in driving cell migration and invasion. Conversely, the RNAi-mediated knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of RAC1b resulted in the upregulation of the expression of ALK2, but not that of the related BMP type I receptors, ALK3 or ALK6, and elevated the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5. PDAC is a heterogeneous disease encompassing tumors with different histomorphological subtypes, ranging from epithelial/classical to extremely mesenchymal. Upon treatment of various established and primary PDAC cell lines representing these subtypes with the ALK2 inhibitor, LDN-193189, well-differentiated, epithelial cell lines responded with a much stronger increase in the basal and TGFβ1-dependent migratory activity than poorly differentiated, mesenchymal ones. These data show that (i) ALK2 inhibits migration by suppressing RAC1/RAC1b proteins, (ii) ALK2 and RAC1b act together in a self-perpetuating the autoregulatory negative feedback loop to mutually control their expression, and (iii) the ALK2 antimigratory function appears to be particularly crucial in protecting epithelial subtype cells from becoming invasive, both spontaneously and in a TGFβ-rich tumor microenvironment.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Stimulate Gingival Epithelial Cells to Induce Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines via the MAPK and STING Pathways
Authors: Uemura Yuta , Hiroshima Yuka , Tada Ayano , Murakami Keiji , Yoshida Kaya , Inagaki Yuji , Kuwahara Tomomi , Murakami Akikazu , Fujii Hideki , Yumoto Hiromichi
Published: October 2022

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis and produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipains, and pathogen-derived DNA and RNA. Pg-OMVs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Pg-OMV-activated pathways that induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in the human gingival epithelial cell line, OBA-9, were investigated. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in levels of Pg-OMV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines was investigated using Western blot analysis and specific pathway inhibitors. Pg-OMVs induced IL-6 and IL-8 production via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in OBA-9 cells. In addition, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an essential innate immune signaling molecule, was triggered by a cytosolic pathogen DNA. Pg-OMV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and production were significantly suppressed by STING-specific small interfering RNA. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Pg-OMV-activated Erk1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, STING, and NF-κB signaling pathways resulting in increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells. These results suggest that Pg-OMVs may play important roles in periodontitis exacerbation by stimulating various pathways.
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Temperature and Storage Duration Dependencies of Horseradish Peroxidase Oligomeric State
Authors: Ivanova Irina A. , Ershova Maria O. , Shumov Ivan D. , Valueva Anastasia A. , Ivanov Yuri D. , Pleshakova Tatyana O.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an investigation of the temperature dependence of the oligomeric state of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme on the temperature of its solution, and on the solution storage time, at the single-molecule level. Atomic force microscopy has been employed to determine how the temperature and the storage time of the HRP solution influence its aggregation upon direct adsorption of the enzyme from the solution onto bare mica substrates. In parallel, spectrophotometric measurements have been performed in order to estimate whether the HRP enzymatic activity changes over time upon the storage of the enzyme solution. The temperature dependence of the HRP oligomeric state has been studied within a broad (15–40 °C) temperature range. It has been demonstrated that the storage of the HRP solution for 14 days does not have any considerable effect on the oligomeric state of the enzyme, neither does it affect its activity. At longer storage times, AFM has allowed us to reveal a tendency of HRP to oligomerization during the storage of its buffered solution, while the enzymatic activity remains virtually unchanged even after a 1-month-long storage. By AFM, it has been revealed that after the incubation of a mica substrate in the HRP solution at various temperatures, the content of the mica-adsorbed oligomers increases insignificantly owing to a high-temperature stability of the enzyme.
Portrait of Molecular Signaling and Putative Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer with ETV4 Fusion
Authors: Shin Ye Ji , Yun Jae Won , Kim Hong Sook
Published: October 2022

Gene fusion between androgen receptor (AR) response genes and E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family members increases the gene expression of ETS family members, and promotes tumorigenesis in prostate cancer. However, the molecular features of ETV4 fusion in prostate cancer are not fully understood, and drugs targeting ETV4 fusion have not been developed. To examine key cellular signaling pathways and explore therapeutic targets and drugs for ETV4-fusion-positive prostate cancer, we analyzed RNA sequencing data and clinical information for prostate cancer. The ETV4-fusion-positive group was selected through prior study and analysis comparing ETV4-fusion-positive and -negative groups was conducted using a Pearson correlation test. We obtained 393 genes correlated with ETV4 expression. Pathway analysis was performed using over-representation analysis (ORA), and six cancer-specific molecular signaling pathways (the irinotecan pathway, metabolism, androgen receptor signaling, interferon signaling, MAPK/NF-kB signaling, and the tamoxifen pathway) were altered in the ETV4-fusion-positive group. Furthermore, a gene–drug database was used to find an actionable drug and therapeutic target for the ETV4-fusion-positive group. Here, we have identified significantly altered genes and oncogenic signaling pathways in ETV4-fusion-positive prostate cancer, and we suggest therapeutic targets and potential drugs for ETV4-fusion-positive prostate patients.
A High-Performance Self-Supporting Electrochemical Biosensor to Detect Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Lin Tingting , Shen Yi , Li Hongying
Published: October 2022

High-performance electrochemical biosensors for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are urgently required in the food industry. Herein, a multi-scaled electrochemical biosensor was fabricated by assembling carboxylated polystyrene nanospheres, an aptamer and horseradish peroxidase into a free-standing carbon nanofiber/carbon felt support. The resulting electrochemical biosensor possessed an exceptional performance, owing to the unique structures as well as the synergistic effects of the components. The 3D porous carbon nanofiber/carbon felt support served as an ideal substrate, owing to the excellent conductivity and facile diffusion of the reactants. The integration of carboxylated polystyrene nanospheres with horseradish peroxidase was employed as a signal amplification probe to enhance the electrochemical responses via catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. With the aid of the aptamer, the prepared sensors could quantitatively detect AFB1 in wine and soy sauce samples via differential pulse voltammetry. The recovery rates of AFB1 in the samples were between 87.53% and 106.71%. The limit of detection of the biosensors was 0.016 pg mL−1. The electrochemical biosensors also had excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, specificity and stability. The synthetic strategy reported in this work could pave a new route to fabricate high-performance electrochemical biosensors for the detection of mycotoxins.
Investigating p62 Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Dementia: A Potential Autophagy Biomarker In Vivo?
Authors: Rubino Elisa , Boschi Silvia , Roveta Fausto , Marcinnò Andrea , Cermelli Aurora , Borghese Cristina , Vigliani Maria Claudia , Rainero Innocenzo
Published: October 2022

Several studies have revealed defects in autophagy in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). SQSTM1/p62 plays a key role in the autophagic machinery and may serve as a marker for autophagic flux in vivo. We investigated the role of p62 in neurodegeneration, analyzing its concentrations in the CSF of AD and FTD patients. We recruited 76 participants: 22 patients with AD, 28 patients with FTD, and 26 controls. CSF p62 concentrations were significantly increased in AD and FTD patients when compared to controls, which persisted after adjusting for age (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008, respectively). In female FTD patients, p62 positively correlated with the neurodegenerative biomarkers t-Tau and p-Tau. A significant correlation between CSF p62 concentrations and several clinical features of AD was found. Our data show that p62 is increased in CSF of AD and FTD patients, suggesting a key role of autophagy in these two disorders. The levels of p62 in CSF may reflect an altered autophagic flux, and p62 could represent a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration.
Scinderin Is a Novel Oncogene for Its Correlates with Poor Prognosis, Immune Infiltrates and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) in Glioma
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Li Zhongyan , Bai Lili , Zhang Dongyong , Zhang Tianchi , Ren Fu
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The effect of scinderin (SCIN) on cancer progression has been studied, but its role in glioma remains unknown. This study describes the value of SCIN for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glioma. Methods: The expression of SCIN was analyzed using the GEPIA, Oncomine, cBioPortal, and CGGA databases. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of similar genes to SCIN were performed using the R software package, and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was analyzed by the STRING and GeneMANIA databases. The correlations of mRNA expression between SCIN and MMP2/9 were analyzed by TCGA glioma. Simultaneously, the TISIDB and TIMER databases were used to analyze the correlation between SCIN and immune infiltration. Finally, SCIN and MMP2/9 protein expression among different grades of glioma was performed and the results were obtained via immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. We used the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model to assess the impact of SCIN and MMP2/9 on glioma patients’ survival. The correlations between SCIN and MMP2/9 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. Results: SCIN was upregulated in glioma patients with a poor prognosis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed the functional relationship between SCIN and the immune cell activation and regulation. In addition, the expression of SCIN was related to MMP2/9 in glioma. The correlation analysis showed that SCIN expression was associated with tumor purity and immune infiltration. SCIN and MMP2/9 are negative prognostic factors resulting in worsening glioma patients’ survival. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrated that SCIN expression was associated with MMP2/9, immune infiltration, and a poor prognosis in glioma. SCIN may serve as a potential prognostic marker and an immune therapy target for glioma.
An Empirical Investigation of University Students’ Behavioural Intention to Adopt Online Learning: Evidence from China
Authors: Hai Lu , Sang Guoyuan , Wang Hui , Li Wenyu , Bao Xiaohong
Published: October 2022

The present study examined the relationship among behavioural intention (BI) to adopt online learning, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), self-regulated online learning (SR) and online learning self-efficacy (SE). A total of 900 university students with online learning experience from many provinces of China took part in the study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data accepted. The results indicate that PU has a significant positive effect on BI; SR has a significant positive effect on PEU, PU and BI. SE has a significant positive effect on PEU, PU and BI. In addition, SE and SR have significant indirect effects on BI through the mediation of PU. The outcomes have tangible theoretical and practical implications. They not only replicates previous research and provides possible space for further expansion of TAM, but also provide us with an opportunity to reflect on and actively take practical measures to improve BI. These efforts include teachers, parents and other educators trying to promote students’ academic achievements, self-efficacy and self-regulation in the process of online learning. The former is the most concerning issue, while the latter two are the source of students’ motivation. Furthermore, educators should make appropriate use of the role of digital technology in online learning and be careful not to exaggerate the value of digital technology, let alone equate it with online learning.
Proposal for the Integration of Health and Safety into the Design of Road Projects with BIM
Authors: Collado-Mariscal Darío , Cortés-Pérez Juan Pedro , Cortés-Pérez Alfonso , Cuevas-Murillo Antonia
Published: October 2022

The high number of accidents in the construction sector makes the concept of prevention through design (PtD), which starts with the integration of an occupational risk assessment in this phase, increasingly important. To this end, BIM (building information modelling) is a methodology that provides benefits related to the management of health and safety in the design phase. Its application in linear work projects is less developed than its application in building, even more so with regard to health and safety in BIM. This research proposes a methodology for integrating risk assessment into the design phase of BIM road projects, structuring the information, establishing the information integration processes, its analysis and risk management, and automating its integration into the model through zones. As a result, the research enables risk assessment in the BIM model through zones, differentiating risk values and allowing for the analysis of interferences between certain activities and the study of other specific activities in the design. As a result of the structure and organisation of the data, it is possible to export the data to IFC for coordination with other stakeholders. Thus, the final contribution of the research is the introduction of health and safety into road projects conducted with BIM, in compliance with legal requirements.
The Microbeam Insert at the White Beam Beamline P61A at the Synchrotron PETRA III/DESY: A New Tool for High Dose Rate Irradiation Research
Authors: Schültke Elisabeth , Fiedler Stefan , Mewes Catharina , Gargioni Elisabetta , Klingenberg Johannes , Abreu Faria Guilherme , Lerch Michael , Petasecca Marco , Prehn Franziska , Wegner Marie , Scholz Marten , Jaekel Felix , Hildebrandt Guido
Published: October 2022

High dose rate radiotherapies such as FLASH and microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) both have developed to the stage of first veterinary studies within the last decade. With the development of a new research tool for high dose rate radiotherapy at the end station P61A of the synchrotron beamline P61 on the DESY campus in Hamburg, we increased the research capacity in this field to speed up the translation of the radiotherapy techniques which are still experimental, from bench to bedside. At P61, dose rates of several hundred Gy/s can be delivered. Compared to dedicated biomedical beamlines, the beam width available for MRT experiments is a very restrictive factor. We developed two model systems specifically to suit these specific technical parameters and tested them in a first set of experiments.
Association of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Genetic Risk, and Environmental Risk Factors with Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ren Jiaojiao , Zhang Peidong , Li Zhihao , Zhang Xiru , Zhong Wenfang , Song Weiqi , Wang Xing , Gao Pingming , Mao Chen
Published: October 2022

Regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with the lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether regular use of NSAIDs could attenuate the effect of genetic risk and environmental risk factors on CRC is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of NSAID use, genetic risk, and environmental risk factors with CRC. Using data from a UK Biobank, a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate the risk of CRC according to NSAID use, polygenic risk score, and environmental risk factors. Regular use of NSAIDs was associated with a 36.0% lower risk of CRC. No statistically significant interaction was observed between NSAID use and the genetic risk score (p = 0.190), and between NSAID use and the environmental risk score (p = 0.740). However, regular NSAID use was still associated with lower CRC incidence among subjects with either high environmental risk or high genetic risk. Furthermore, the genetic and environmental risk of CRC were additives. These findings appear to support the chemopreventive effect of regular NSAID use. Furthermore, controlling of modifiable environmental risk factors can reduce the CRC risk, especially among individuals with a moderate or high genetic risk of CRC.
The Role of m6A Modification and m6A Regulators in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Yuekao , Niu Chaoxu , Wang Na , Huang Xi , Cao Shiru , Cui Saijin , Chen Tianyu , Huo Xiangran , Zhou Rongmiao
Published: October 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent RNA modification, is involved in all aspects of RNA metabolism, including RNA processing, nuclear export, stability, translation and degradation. Therefore, m6A modification can participate in various physiological functions, such as tissue development, heat shock response, DNA damage response, circadian clock control and even in carcinogenesis through regulating the expression or structure of the gene. The deposition, removal and recognition of m6A are carried out by methyltransferases, demethylases and m6A RNA binding proteins, respectively. Aberrant m6A modification and the dysregulation of m6A regulators play critical roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers. The pathogenesis of esophageal cancer (ESCA) remains unclear and the five-year survival rate of advanced ESCA patients is still dismal. Here, we systematically reviewed the recent studies of m6A modification and m6A regulators in ESCA and comprehensively analyzed the role and possible mechanism of m6A modification and m6A regulators in the occurrence, progression, remedy and prognosis of ESCA. Defining the effect of m6A modification and m6A regulators in ESCA might be helpful for determining the pathogenesis of ESCA and providing some ideas for an early diagnosis, individualized treatment and improved prognosis of ESCA patients.
Defining the Profile of Patients with Primary Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Central Italy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Gualdi Giulio , Ferrara Gerardo , Simonacci Marco , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Sollima Laura , Molinelli Elisa , Campanati Anna , Mazzocchetti Giampiero , Giacchetti Alfredo , Amerio Paolo ,   on behalf of the Study Group
Published: October 2022

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer that usually occurs in elderly people on sun-exposed areas, with a predisposition to local recurrence. Evidence suggests a growing incidence over the past decade; however, robust epidemiologic data are still lacking. We describe the MCC population in clinical practice in a retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics from medical records of primary MCC patients, between 2015 and 2020, at six dermatology clinics in Central Italy. Ninety-four patients were included (57.4% male; mean age 78.2 ± 10.1 years, range 47–99 years). The estimated incidence rate of MCC was 0.93 per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Lower limbs were the most frequently affected site (31.5%), and 54% of patients for whom information was available were immunosuppressed. Lymph node involvement was reported in 42.5% of patients, and distant metastases in almost 20%. Most patients underwent surgery for tumor excision and were mainly referred to specialized dermatology clinics by dermatologists (47.9%) and general surgeons (28.7%). Apart from the relatively balanced prevalence of MCC in men and women, the predominant location on lower limbs, and the higher incidence rate compared with previous reports in Italy, this population is, overall, similar to the populations described in other observational studies. MCC management requires the involvement of several specialties. Increased awareness of MCC and standardization of its management are urgently needed.
Time after Synthesis and Time after Injection Do Not Affect Diagnostic Quality of [18F]F-PSMA 1007 PET
Authors: Relt Elisabeth , Roll Wolfgang , Claesener Michael , Bögemann Martin , Weckesser Matthias , Rahbar Kambiz
Published: October 2022

PET imaging using PSMA ligands is increasingly used for staging in prostate cancer patients in different clinical indications. Unlike [68Ga]Ga-labeled PSMA ligands, fluorinated compounds can be produced in large amounts; thus, they can be used for a higher number of patients. One concern is that in patients studied a long time after synthesis (TaS) or time after injection (TaI), the specific activity may decline; thus, the signal may be lower in these patients. In this study, we investigated a potential effect of TaS and TaI on image quality. In total, 134 consecutive patients were included in this retrospective analysis on the effect of TaS and TaI on uptake in prostate cancer lesions. All the patients underwent [18F]F-PSMA-1007 PET-CT from 99 min up to 549 min after tracer quality control. TaS and TaI were compared to the quantitative tumoral uptake parameters SUVmax and SUVpeak. In a second exploratory part of the analysis, TaS and TaI were correlated to a physiological tracer uptake in different organs. TaS and TaI did not affect the SUVmax and SUVpeak in tumor lesions in [18F]F-PSMA-1007 PET. The physiological uptake in salivary glands, lacrimal glands and the ganglia, spleen and urine was not significantly correlated to TaS or TaI; in contrast to the mean liver uptake, showing a weak, but significant correlation to TaS. The [18F]F-PSMA-1007 uptake in prostate cancer lesions is not significantly dependent on the TaS and TaI. These results are extremely reassuring when performing [18F]F-PSMA-1007 PET a considerable time after synthesis.
Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Cherkasova Viktoriia , Wang Bo , Gerasymchuk Marta , Fiselier Anna , Kovalchuk Olga , Kovalchuk Igor
Published: October 2022

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells and cell lineages. Dysregulation of the components of the ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis and increased vascularization, leading to the development of various malignancies. Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division. In this review, we will discuss whether the changes to the ECS are a cause or a consequence of malignization and whether different tissues react differently to changes in the ECS. We will discuss the potential use of cannabinoids for treatment of cancer, focusing on primary outcome/care—tumor shrinkage and eradication, as well as secondary outcome/palliative care—improvement of life quality, including pain, appetite, sleep, and many more factors. Finally, we will complete this review with the chapter on sex- and gender-specific differences in ECS and response to cannabinoids, and equality of the access to treatments with cannabinoids.
The Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Treatment
Authors: Abbasian Mohammad Hadi , Ardekani Ali M. , Sobhani Navid , Roudi Raheleh
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the primary type. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapy leaves patients with a dismal prognosis. Despite the advances in genomics and proteomics in the past decade, leading to progress in developing tools for early diagnosis, targeted therapies have shown promising results; however, the 5-year survival of NSCLC patients is only about 15%. Low-dose computed tomography or chest X-ray are the main types of screening tools. Lung cancer patients without specific, actionable mutations are currently treated with conventional therapies, such as platinum-based chemotherapy; however, resistances and relapses often occur in these patients. More noninvasive, inexpensive, and safer diagnostic methods based on novel biomarkers for NSCLC are of paramount importance. In the current review, we summarize genomic and proteomic biomarkers utilized for the early detection and treatment of NSCLC. We further discuss future opportunities to improve biomarkers for early detection and the effective treatment of NSCLC.
Doped Ferrite Nanoparticles Exhibiting Self-Regulating Temperature as Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Antitumoral Agents, with Diagnostic Capability in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Particle Imaging
Authors: Vurro Federica , Gerosa Marco , Busato Alice , Muccilli Matilde , Milan Emil , Gaudet Jeff , Goodwill Patrick , Mansfield James , Forlin Enrico , Negri Alessandro , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Morana Giovanni , Gottardi Michele , Matteazzi Paolo , Wintermark Max , Speghini Adolfo , Marzola Pasquina
Published: October 2022

This paper reports a comprehensive investigation of a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP), named M55, which belongs to a class of innovative doped ferrite nanomaterials, characterized by a self-limiting temperature. M55 is obtained from M48, an MNP previously described by our group, by implementing an additional purification step in the synthesis. M55, after citrate and glucose coating, is named G-M55. The present study aimed to demonstrate the properties of G-M55 as a diagnostic contrast agent for MRI and magnetic particle imaging (MPI), and as an antitumoral agent in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). Similar specific absorption rate values were obtained by standard MFH and by an MPI apparatus. This result is of interest in relation to the application of localized MFH by MPI apparatus. We demonstrated the biocompatibility of G-M55 in a triple-negative human breast cancer line (MDA-MB-231), and its efficacy as an MFH agent in the same cell line. We also demonstrated the efficacy of MFH treatment with G-M55 in an experimental model of breast cancer. Overall, our results pave the way for the clinical application of G-M55 as an MFH agent in breast cancer therapy, allowing not only efficient treatment by both standard MFH apparatus and MPI but also temperature monitoring.
Construction of a Prognostic and Early Diagnosis Model for LUAD Based on Necroptosis Gene Signature and Exploration of Immunotherapy Potential
Authors: Zhang Baizhuo , Wang Yudong , Zhou Xiaozhu , Zhang Zhen , Ju Haoyu , Diao Xiaoqi , Wu Jiaoqi , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2022

Necroptosis is a type of programmed necrosis that is different from apoptosis and necrosis. Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of lung cancer. However, the role of necroptosis in the occurrence and development of LUAD remains largely unexplored. In this paper, four NRGs and nine NRGs determined by big data analysis were used to effectively predict the risk of early LUAD (AUC = 0.994) and evaluate the prognostic effect on LUAD patients (AUC = 0.826). Meanwhile, ESTIMATE, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), genomic variation analysis (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and immune checkpoint analysis were used to explore the enrichment characteristics and immune research related to the prognostic model. In deep data mining, we were surprised to find that prognostic models also regulate the immune microenvironment, cell cycle, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Thus, we demonstrated a significant correlation between model evaluation results, ICI treatment, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. The low-risk population has a stronger tumor immune response, and the potential for ICI treatment is greater. People at high risk respond less to immunotherapy but respond well to chemotherapy drugs. In addition, PANX1, a core gene with important value in immune regulation, prognosis assessment, and early diagnosis, has been identified for the first time, which provides a new target for the immunotherapy of LUAD as well as a new theoretical basis for the basic research, clinical diagnosis, and individualized treatment of LUAD.
Integral Characteristic of Complex Catalytic Reaction Accompanied by Deactivation
Authors: Gromotka Zoë , Yablonsky Gregory , Ostrovskii Nickolay , Constales Denis
Published: October 2022

New theoretical relationships for a complex catalytic reaction accompanied by deactivation are obtained, using as an example the two-step catalytic mechanism (Temkin–Boudart mechanism) with irreversible reactions and irreversible deactivation. In the domain of small concentrations, Alim=NSk1CAkd, where Alim is the limit of the integral consumption of the gas substance, NS is the number of active sites per unit of catalyst surface; k1 and kd, are kinetic coefficients which relate to two reactions which compete for the free active site Z. CA is the gas concentration. One reaction belongs to the catalytic cycle. The other reaction with kinetic coefficient kd is irreversible deactivation. The catalyst lifetime, τcat=1CZ′1kd, where CZ′ is the dimensionless steady-state concentration of free active sites. The main conclusion was formulated as follows: the catalyst lifetime can be enhanced by decreasing the steady-state (quasi-steady-state) concentration of free active sites. In some domains of parameters, it can also be achieved by increasing the steady-state (quasi-steady-state) reaction rate of the fresh catalyst. We can express this conclusion as follows: under some conditions, an elevated fresh catalyst activity protects the catalyst from deactivation. These theoretical results are illustrated with the use of computer simulations.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Static Magnetic Fields in Bone Remodeling
Authors: Yang Jiancheng , Wu Jiawen , Guo Zengfeng , Zhang Gejing , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2022

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are extensively used in bone-related studies as biomaterials due to their unique magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. Through endocytosis, IONPs enter the cell where they promote osteogenic differentiation and inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) were also found to enhance osteoblast differentiation and hinder osteoclastic differentiation. Once IONPs are exposed to an SMF, they become rapidly magnetized. IONPs and SMFs work together to synergistically enhance the effectiveness of their individual effects on the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article reviewed the individual and combined effects of different types of IONPs and different intensities of SMFs on bone remodeling. We also discussed the mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of IONPs and SMFs on bone remodeling.
Under-Recognized Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Refractory Kawasaki Disease: A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing
Authors: Rhee Sangwon , Kim Danbi , Cho Kyoungsoon , Rhim Jung Woo , Lee Soo-Young , Jeong Dae Chul
Published: October 2022

Recognition of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with refractory Kawasaki disease (KD) can be challenging. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of MAS in patients with refractory KD and to compare the characteristics of refractory KD and MAS. Medical records of 468 patients diagnosed with KD from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 468 KD patients, 63 were enrolled in the study as a refractory KD group (n = 59) and an MAS group (n = 4). The incidence of MAS was 0.8% (4/468) in patients with KD and 6.3% (4/63) in patients with refractory KD. Compared to the refractory KD group, the MAS group had higher frequencies of incomplete KD, hepatosplenomegaly, third-line treatment, and MAS screening, and showed lower levels of albumin. No significant differences were found in other clinical and laboratory findings. In addition to four patients with MAS, five patients with refractory KD who received third-line treatment showed severe systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction, but only one in five patients underwent MAS screening, including ferritin levels. In conclusion, given the relatively high incidence of MAS in children with refractory KD and the similar phenotype between refractory KD and MAS, we propose that MAS screening should be included in routine laboratory tests for refractory KD.