A descriptive analysis of nurses’ self‐reported mental health symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An international study
Authors: Squires Allison , Dutton Hillary J. , Casales‐Hernandez Maria Guadalupe , Rodriguez López Javier Isidro , Jimenez‐Sanchez Juana , Saldarriaga‐Dixon Paola , Bernal Cespedes Cornelia , Flores Yesenia , Arteaga Cordova Maryuri Ibeth , Castillo Gabriela , Loza Sosa Jannette Marga , Garcia Julio , Ramirez Taycia , González ‐ Nahuelquin Cibeles , Amaya Teresa , Guedes Dos Santos Jose Luis , Muñoz Rojas Derby , Buitrago‐Malaver Lilia Andrea , Rojas‐Pineda Fiorella Jackeline , Alvarez Watson Jose Luis , Gómez Del Pulgar Mercedes , Anyorikeya Maria , Bilgin Hulya , Blaževičienė Aurelija , Buranda Lucky Sarjono , Castillo Theresa P. , Cedeño Tapia Stefanía Johanna , Chiappinotto Stefania , Damiran Dulamsuren , Duka Blerina , Ejupi Vlora , Ismail Mohamed Jama , Khatun Shanzida , Koy Virya , Lee Seung Eun , Lee Taewha , Lickiewicz Jakub , Macijauskienė Jūratė , Malinowska‐Lipien Iwona , Nantsupawat Apiradee , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ahmed Fadumo Osman , Ozakgul Aylin , Paarima Yennuten , Palese Alvisa , Ramirez Veronica E. , Tsuladze Alisa , Tulek Zeliha , Uchaneishvili Maia , Wekem Kukeba Margaret , Yanjmaa Enkhjargal , Patel Honey , Ma Zhongyue , Goldsamt Lloyd A. , Jones Simon 
Published: January 2025

Aim

To describe the self‐reported mental health of nurses from 35 countries who worked during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Background

There is little occupationally specific data about nurses' mental health worldwide. Studies have documented the impact on nurses’ mental health of the COVID‐19 pandemic, but few have baseline referents.

Methods

A descriptive, cross‐sectional design structured the study. Data reflect a convenience sample of 9,387 participants who completed the opt‐in survey between July 31, 2022, and October 31, 2023. Descriptive statistics were run to analyze the following variables associated with mental health: Self‐reports of mental health symptoms, burnout, personal losses during the pandemic, access to mental health services, and self‐care practices used to cope with pandemic‐related stressors. Reporting of this study was steered by the STROBE guideline for quantitative studies.

Results

Anxiety or depression occurred at rates ranging from 23%–61%, with country‐specific trends in reporting observed. Approximately 18% of the sample reported experiencing some symptoms of burnout. The majority of nurses’ employers did not provide mental health support in the workplace. Most reported more frequently engaging with self‐care practices compared with before the pandemic. Notably, 20% of nurses suffered the loss of a family member, 35% lost a friend, and 34% a coworker due to COVID‐19. Nearly half (48%) reported experiencing public aggression due to their identity as a nurse.

Conclusions

The data obtained establish a basis for understanding the specific mental health needs of the nursing workforce globally, highlighting key areas for service development.

Implications for nursing policy

Healthcare organizations and governmental bodies need to develop targeted mental health support programs that are readily accessible to nurses to foster a resilient nursing workforce.