bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Patients with Bronchiectasis of Different Severity: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Calabrese Cecilia , Nolasco Santi , Annunziata Anna , Sola Alessio , Imitazione Pasquale , Campisi Raffaele , Simioli Francesca , Balestrino Marco , Ferrentino Laura , Vancheri Carlo , Crimi Claudia , Fiorentino Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) has been shown to reduce exacerbations of COPD and some evidence displays benefits in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 12 months of home HFNT on the annual exacerbation rate between mild/moderate and severe NCFB patients, classified by the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI). Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of the dyspnea, pulmonary function, and sputum cultures in both groups. Methods: The study population included NCFB adult patients, with at least one severe exacerbation in the previous year on optimized therapy. NCFB exacerbations, dyspnea (mMRC score), pulmonary function test, and sputum cultures were assessed at baseline and after 12 months of HFNT. Results: A total of 86 NCFB patients were enrolled: 36 in the mild/moderate (BSI < 9) and 50 in the severe (BSI ≥ 9) group. A significant improvement in the annual exacerbation rate was found in both BSI ≥ 9 (p < 0.0001) and BSI < 9 cohorts (p < 0.0001), with a between-group difference of −1 (95% CI: −2 to 0) exacerbations per year (p = 0.0209). The change in the annual exacerbation rate was significantly correlated with BSI (ρ = −0.26, p = 0.0151) and with HFNT daily use (ρ = −0.22, p = 0.0460). The mMRC score significantly improved by −2 points (95% CI: −2 to −1) after treatment in both groups (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients with P. aeruginosa colonization decreased from 34.9% to 27.9%. Conclusions: Long-term HFNT reduces the annual exacerbation rate in NCFB patients and its effectiveness increases alongside disease severity and daily use of HFNT.
A Systematic Review on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients with LBP: The Impact of Chronic Pain on Quality of Life
Authors: Anselmo Anna , Pagano Maria , Cappadona Irene , Cardile Davide , Russo Fabrizio , Laudisio Alice , Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Quartarone Angelo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Corallo Francesco
Published: October 2024

Background and objective: Low back pain (LBP) is most common pain syndrome in Europe, affecting approximately 50% of European citizens. LBP is a complex condition that negatively affects many aspects of an individual’s life such as work productivity, mobility, and mental health. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of pain associated with chronic LBP on patients’ quality of life. Methods: Clinical studies reviewed in our search with no time restrictions were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Of the initial 1929 studies, only 15 met inclusion criteria. Results: Results of our study indicate that chronic pain has a negative impact on numerous functions and areas in which the individual is involved and that this condition leads to reduced performance. Conclusions: LBP is a debilitating condition for patients, negatively affecting quality of life. Future studies should focus on validating a standardized assessment that examines all aspects affected by LBP through a customized questionnaire.
Basiliximab vs. No Induction Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients with a Low Immunological Risk Profile Receiving Tacrolimus/Mycophenolate/Steroids Maintenance Immunosuppression
Authors: Lacave Florian , de Terwangne Christophe , Darius Tom , Buemi Antoine , Mourad Michel , France Yannick , Cardoso Coelho Joana , Fernandes Guillaume , Goffin Eric , Devresse Arnaud , Kanaan Nada
Published: October 2024

Background: Induction therapy with basiliximab is recommended in kidney transplant (KT) recipients with a low immunological risk (LIR) profile. Whether basiliximab is associated with a decreased risk of acute rejection (AR) and graft loss is controversial. Methods: In our institution, LIR patients (absence of anti-HLA antibodies before KT) are inducted with basiliximab in case of living-donor KT, while deceased-donor KT recipients receive no induction. Maintenance immunosuppression is similar, including a combination of tacrolimus (Tac), mycophenolate (MPA) and steroids. In this single-center retrospective study, we included all adult LIR patients who underwent KT between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2022. Results: Of the 471 patients included, 354 received no induction and 117 received basiliximab. The median (IQR) number of HLA A-B-DR mismatches was 3 (2–3) and 2 (2–4) in the no induction group and the basiliximab group, respectively. The cumulative incidences in the no induction group vs. the basiliximab group of acute rejection and graft loss over 5 years post-KT were similar at 8.9% vs. 7.8% (p = 0.8) and 8.5% vs. 4.2% (p = 0.063), respectively. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, delayed graft function emerged as an independent risk factor for acute rejection (hazard ratio [HR] 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–6.13, p = 0.014) and graft loss (HR 9.32, CI 4.10–21.1, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Basiliximab did not provide any advantage in terms of rate of acute rejection and graft survival within 5 years post KT compared with a strategy without induction therapy in patients with a low immunological risk profile receiving triple maintenance immunosuppression Tac/MPA/steroids.
Association between Chronic Hepatitis B/C and Incidence of Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Killer Alexander , Bock Hans Henrich , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoporosis and bone fractures affect health and quality of life. Since bone disease is multifactorial, identifying risk factors is key in prevention. There are multiple reports on how viral hepatitis, especially chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC), are affecting bone disease, but results vary. Here, we analyzed the potential association between CHB/CHC and osteoporosis or bone fractures in a large outpatient cohort in Germany. Methods: We included 3136 outpatients with CHB and 15,608 matched non-hepatitis individuals as well as 2867 outpatients with CHC and 14,335 matched non-hepatitis individuals from the Disease Analyzer Database between 2005 and 2022. The main outcome was the 5-year cumulative incidence of osteoporosis and bone fractures as a function of either CHB or CHC. Results: Within 5 years of the index date, 2.9% vs. 1.6% of patients with and without CHB were diagnosed with osteoporosis (p = 0.001) and 1.0% vs. 0.4% were diagnosed with bone fractures (p < 0.001). Moreover, 3.3% of CHC patients and 2.2% of individuals without hepatitis C were diagnosed with osteoporosis (p = 0.002). In Cox regression analyses, CHB was significantly associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis (HR: 1.76) and fractures (HR:2.43) and CHC with osteoporosis (HR: 1.54). For both CHB and CHC, the association with osteoporosis was restricted to the female subgroup. Conclusions: CHB and CHC are associated with osteoporosis in women. CHB in male patients is associated with a higher risk of fractures. More research is needed to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
MUC5B rs35705950 Promoter Variant Is Associated with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in Patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome
Authors: Rivero-Gallegos Daphne , Mejía Mayra , Nava-Quiroz Karol J. , Ramos-Martínez Espiridión , Mateos-Toledo Heidegger N. , Rocha-González Héctor Isaac , Huerta-Cruz Juan Carlos , Pérez-Rubio Gloria , Fricke-Galindo Ingrid , Rojas-Serrano Jorge , Falfán-Valencia Ramcés
Published: October 2024

Background: The presence of the rs35705950 variant in the MUC5B gene promoter is a critical genetic risk factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It has been associated with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in several interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD), most high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns are inflammatory, but up to 13% have UIP, leading to a worse prognosis. Methods: This single-center study included 60 patients with ASSD-ILD. We investigated whether carrying the MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant was associated with UIP. To estimate the strength of the association between the genotype of the MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant and the fibrotic pattern we used the odds ratio (cOR), and to assess the effect of confounding variables (age, evolution time, and sex), we performed a logistic regression to obtained the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Results: The GT genotype of the MUC5B rs35705950 promoter variant is associated with up to a 4-fold increased risk of UIP (cOR 5.0, 95% CI 1.13–22.10), and the effect was even maintained after adjusting for potentially confounding variables such as sex, age, and time to progression (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.04–25.89). Conclusions: our study supports the role of MUC5B rs35705950 in ASSD-ILD with UIP. It reinforces that this polymorphism in our population could have a similar genetic basis to that already described in other ILDs that present predominantly fibrotic patterns.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Valve Prolapse Prevalence before and after the Year 1999: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Bruno Antonino , Lombardo Michele , Muti Paola
Published: October 2024

Background: Over the last five decades, a fair number of echocardiographic studies have evaluated the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in various cohorts of individuals, including heterogeneous study populations. The present systematic review has been primarily designed to summarize the main findings of these studies and to estimate the overall MVP prevalence in the general community. Methods: All echocardiographic studies assessing the MVP prevalence in various cohorts of individuals, selected from PubMed and EMBASE databases, were included. There was no limitation of time period. The risk of bias was assessed by using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: The full texts of 21 studies with 1354 MVP individuals out of 63,723 participants were analyzed. The overall pooled prevalence of MVP was 4.9% (range of 0.6–21%). When dividing the studies in two groups according to the echocardiographic criteria used for MVP diagnosis (less specific old criteria or more specific new criteria, respectively), the estimated pooled prevalence of MVP was 7.8% (range of 2–21%) for the older studies (performed between 1976 and 1998) and 2.2% (range of 0.6–4.2%) for the more recent ones (conducted between 1999 and 2021). Potential selection bias, hospital- or referral-based series, and the use of less specific echocardiographic criteria for MVP diagnosis have been indicated as the main reasons for the higher MVP prevalence detected by the older studies. MVP was commonly associated with a narrow antero-posterior thoracic diameter, isolated ventricular premature beats and nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities on a resting electrocardiogram, mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation (MR), the reduced probability of obstructive coronary artery disease, and a low frequency of serious complications, such as severe MR, infective endocarditis, heart failure, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: MVP has a low prevalence in the general population, regardless of age, gender, and ethnicity, and is associated with a good outcome.
The Potential Benefit of a Novel Urine Biosensor Platform for Lung Cancer Detection in the Decision-Making Process: From the Bench to the Bedside
Authors: Wiesel Ory , Suharev Tatiyana , Awad Alaa , Abzah Lina , Laser-Azogui Adi , Mark Danieli Michal
Published: October 2024

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lung cancer screening and early detection resulted in a decrease in cancer-specific mortality; however, it introduced additional dilemmas and adherence barriers for patients and providers. Methods: Innovations such as biomolecular diagnosis and biosensor-based technology improve the detection and stratification of high-risk patients and might assist in overcoming adherence barriers, hence providing new horizons for better selection of screened populations. Conclusions: In the present manuscript, we discuss some of the dilemmas clinicians are currently facing during the diagnosis and treatment processes. We further highlight the potential benefits of a novel biosensor platform for lung cancer detection during the decision making process surrounding lung cancer.
The Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring During the Intraoperative Period: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lim Hyun Ah , Kim Minjoo , Kim Na Jin , Huh Jaewon , Jeong Jin-Oh , Hwang Wonjung , Choi Hoon
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Perioperative dysglycemia is associated with negative surgical outcomes, including increased risk of infections and longer hospital stays. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides real-time glucose data, potentially improving glycemic control during surgery. However, the performance of CGM in the intraoperative environment has not been well established. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the performance of CGM systems during the intraoperative period, focusing on their technical reliability, accuracy, adverse device effects, and efficacy. Inclusion criteria: Studies that assessed intraoperative CGM performance, focusing on technical reliability, accuracy, adverse effects, or efficacy, were included. No restrictions were placed on the study design, surgical type, participant demographics, or publication date. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications up to 12 June 2024. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the studies for inclusion based on predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction focused on the study characteristics, CGM performance, and outcomes. Results: Twenty-two studies were included, the majority of which were prospective cohort studies. CGM systems demonstrated a high technical reliability, with sensor survival rates above 80%. However, the accuracy varied, with some studies reporting mean or median absolute relative differences of over 15%. The adverse effects were minimal and mainly involved minor skin irritation. One randomized trial found no significant difference between CGM and point-of-care glucose monitoring for glycemic control. Conclusions: Although CGM has the potential to improve intraoperative glycemic management, its accuracy remains inconsistent. Future research should explore newer CGM technologies and assess their impact on surgical outcomes.
The Application of Fungi and Their Secondary Metabolites in Aquaculture
Authors: Onomu Abigail John , Okuthe Grace Emily
Published: October 2024

Ensuring sustainability has increasingly become a significant concern not only in aquaculture but in the general agrifood sector. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate pathways to feed substitutes/best practices to enhance aquaculture sustainability. The application of fungi in aquaculture provides innovative methods to enhance the sustainability and productivity of aquaculture. Fungi play numerous roles in aquaculture, including growth, immunity enhancement and disease resistance. They also play a role in bioremediation of waste and bioflocculation. The application of fungi improves the suitability and utilization of terrestrial plant ingredients in aquaculture by reducing the fibre fractions and anti-nutritional factors and increasing the nutrients and mineral contents of plant ingredients. Fungi are good flotation agents and can enhance the buoyancy of aquafeed. Pigments from fungi enhance the colouration of fish fillets, making them more attractive to consumers. This paper, via the relevant literature, explores the multifaceted roles of fungi in aquaculture, emphasizing their potential to transform aquaculture through environmentally friendly and sustainable techniques. The effectiveness of fungi in reducing fibre fractions and enhancing nutrient availability is influenced by the duration of fermentation and the dosage administered, which may differ for various feed ingredients, making it difficult for most aquaculture farmers to apply fungi approximately. Therefore, the most effective dosage and fermentation duration for each feed ingredient should be investigated.
Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology in Glaucoma: A Review
Authors: Tonti Emanuele , Tonti Sofia , Mancini Flavia , Bonini Chiara , Spadea Leopoldo , D’Esposito Fabiana , Gagliano Caterina , Musa Mutali , Zeppieri Marco
Published: October 2024

Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, necessitating precise management strategies tailored to individual patient characteristics. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise in revolutionizing the approach to glaucoma care by providing personalized interventions. Aim: This review explores the current landscape of AI applications in the personalized management of glaucoma patients, highlighting advancements, challenges, and future directions. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to 2024. Studies exploring the use of AI techniques in personalized management strategies for glaucoma patients were included. Results: The review identified diverse AI applications in glaucoma management, ranging from early detection and diagnosis to treatment optimization and prognosis prediction. Machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models, demonstrated high accuracy in diagnosing glaucoma from various imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field tests. AI-driven risk stratification tools facilitated personalized treatment decisions by integrating patient-specific data with predictive analytics, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Moreover, AI-based teleophthalmology platforms enabled remote monitoring and timely intervention, improving patient access to specialized care. Conclusions: Integrating AI technologies in the personalized management of glaucoma patients holds immense potential for optimizing clinical decision-making, enhancing treatment efficacy, and mitigating disease progression. However, challenges such as data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and regulatory concerns warrant further investigation. Future research should focus on refining AI algorithms, validating their clinical utility through large-scale prospective studies, and ensuring seamless integration into routine clinical practice to realize the full benefits of personalized glaucoma care.
New Challenges and Perspectives in Neurology and Autonomic Disorders: A Leap Forward
Authors: Blitshteyn Svetlana , Ruhoy Ilene
Published: October 2024

“Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood [...]
Quantification of Carbon Flux Patterns in Ecosystems: A Case Study of Prince Edward Island
Authors: Basheer Sana , Wang Xiuquan , Van Dau Quan , Awais Muhammad , Kinay Pelin , Pang Tianze , Mahmood Muhammad Qasim
Published: October 2024

Mitigating climate change by reducing heat-trapping greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Earth’s atmosphere is a critical global challenge. In response to this urgency, the Canadian government has set a target of achieving zero emissions by 2050. The Government of Prince Edward Island (PEI) has committed to becoming Canada’s first net-zero province by 2040. Achieving this goal requires an extensive knowledge of emissions arising from ecosystem dynamics in PEI. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the carbon fluxes of these ecosystems, offering insights into their role in GHG emissions and removals. Through an extensive literature review and analysis, this research provides a detailed assessment of the potential carbon flux contributions from various ecosystems across PEI. High-resolution maps for carbon emissions, removals, and flux for the years 2010 and 2020 were developed, highlighting key findings on carbon dynamics. Additionally, a web-based tool was developed to allow decision makers and the general public to explore these carbon flux maps interactively. This work aims to inform policy decisions and enhance strategies for effective climate change mitigation in PEI.
Cohesin RAD21 Gene Promoter Methylation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Manola Kalliopi N. , Zachaki Sophia , Kakosaiou Katerina , Ioannidou Agapi , Kalomoiraki Marina , Rampias Theodoros
Published: October 2024

Background: Aberrant gene promoter methylation is one of the hallmarks of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). RAD21 is an important gene, implicated in sister chromatids cohesion, DNA repair, the regulation of gene transcription, apoptosis and hematopoiesis. Methods: In this study, we investigate the possible implication of RAD21 promoter methylation in AML pathogenesis using a cohort of AML patients and a cohort of healthy individuals. Results: RAD21 promoter methylation was found in 24% of patients and in none of the controls (p = 0.023), indicating a possible contribution to AML development. Interestingly, a statistically higher frequency of RAD21 methylation was observed in patients with trisomy 8 (9/21, 42.9%, p = 0.021), while none of the patients with aberrations of chromosome 11 had RAD21 gene promoter methylation (0%, 0/11, p = 0.048). Patients with monosomal and complex karyotypes showed low frequencies of RAD21 methylation (7.7% and 15.4%, respectively) without reaching statistical significance. Moreover, ASXL1 mutations were not found to be associated with RAD21 methylation. Conclusions: This is the first study which provides evidence for a possible pathogenetic role of RAD21 promoter methylation in AML development and especially in AML with trisomy 8. Further studies of RAD21 promoter methylation in large series of different AML genetic subgroups may contribute to the elucidation of AML pathogenesis and to the identification of new epigenetic biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value.
Coating Materials to Prevent Screw Loosening in Single Dental Implant Crowns: A Systematic Review
Authors: Coelho Lara , Manzanares-Céspedes Maria-Cristina , Mendes Joana , Tallón-Walton Victòria , Astudillo-Rozas Wilson , Aroso Carlos , Mendes José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Oral rehabilitation with dental implants has resulted in high success rates. However, some complications have been described, such as the loss of the prosthetic screw. Some manufacturers sell screws with different coatings to avoid screw loosening, but even these types of screws can come loose. We aimed to investigate the screw coatings that can be applied during a dental appointment to avoid screw loosening. Following PRISMA Guidelines, we searched PubMed/Medline, Embase and Web of Science for studies published up to January 2024. All studies of single dental implant crowns, in which the prosthetic screw was coated with a lubricant and the preload and/or the removal torque value (RTV) was recorded, were analyzed. We excluded studies applying the finite element method (FEM) as well as studies without a control group. The risk of bias was assessed with a tool developed by our research group. Of the 1959 records identified, 19 were selected. Ten studies were considered to have a low risk of bias, and nine were considered to have a medium risk of bias. The coatings tested were adhesives, saliva, chlorhexidine, Vaseline, silicone gel, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape, blood, fluoride, Listerine® Mouthwash and normal saline. The preload, the RTV with and without cyclic loading and the percentage of RTV loss were recorded. Some coatings show promise, although there is no clear evidence that any option is superior in minimizing screw loosening.
Development and Testing of a Dual-Driven Piezoelectric Microgripper with High Amplification Ratio for Cell Micromanipulation
Authors: Lu Boyan , Kang Shengzheng , Zhou Luyang , Hua Dewen , Yang Chengdu , Zhu Zimeng
Published: October 2024

Cell micromanipulation is an important technique in the field of biomedical engineering. Microgrippers play a crucial role in connecting macroscopic and microscopic objects in micromanipulation systems. However, since the operated biological cells are deformable, vulnerable, and typically distributed in sizes ranging from micrometers to millimeters, it poses a huge challenge to microgripper performance. To solve this problem, this paper develops a dual-driven piezoelectric microgripper with a high displacement amplification ratio, large stroke, and parallel gripping. By adopting modular configuration, three kinds of flexure-based mechanisms, including the lever mechanism, Scott–Russell mechanism, and parallelogram mechanism are connected in series to realize three-stage amplification, which effectively makes up for the shortage of small output displacement of the piezoelectric actuator. At the same time, the use of the parallelogram mechanism also isolates the parasitic rotation movement, and realizes the parallel movement of the gripping jaws. In addition, the kinematics, statics, and dynamics models of the microgripper are established by using the pseudo-rigid body and Lagrange methods, and the key geometric parameters are also optimized. Finite element simulation and experimental tests verify the effectiveness of the developed microgripper. The results show that the developed microgripper allows an amplification ratio of 46.4, a clamping stroke of 2180 μm, and a natural frequency of 203.1 Hz. Based on the developed microgripper, the nondestructive micromanipulation of zebrafish embryos is successfully realized.
Research on Temperature Change Law and Non-Uniform Distribution Characteristics of Electromagnetic Control Roll Based on Rotating Heat Flow
Authors: Zheng Shuaishuai , Yang Tingsong , Yuan Tieheng , Sun Wenquan , Shen Ankang , Fan Shuo
Published: October 2024

The uniform temperature distribution on the surface of the electromagnetic control roll (ECR) has a great impact on the quality of the strip; therefore, temperature control is essential. In order to study this issue, a two-dimensional volume of fluid (VOF) model was established using the simulation software FLUENT (2024 R1) to analyze the radial cooling capacity and surface temperature uniformity of the ECR under different process parameters, and an experimental validation was carried out at the same time. The error between the experiment and the model was less than 5% of the maximum temperature, proving the model is accurate. The results of the analysis show that the use of a controlled temperature mode has an effect on the cooling capacity and the speed has no effect on the cooling capacity. The temperature difference between the two sides of the ECR is too large, which will make the uniformity of the ECR surface temperature worse. While too high or too low, a roll speed and coolant injection speed will increase the non-uniformity of the ECR surface temperature; when the roll speed is 12 rad/s or coolant injection speed is 5 m/s, the ECR surface temperature distribution uniformity is the best. Properly adjusted process parameters can improve the cooling performance and ECR surface temperature uniformity.
Integrating Learning-Driven Model Behavior and Data Representation for Enhanced Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Rotating Machinery
Authors: Berghout Tarek , Bechhoefer Eric , Djeffal Faycal , Lim Wei Hong
Published: October 2024

The increasing complexity of modern mechanical systems, especially rotating machinery, demands effective condition monitoring techniques, particularly deep learning, to predict potential failures in a timely manner and enable preventative maintenance strategies. Health monitoring data analysis, a widely used approach, faces challenges due to data randomness and interpretation difficulties, highlighting the importance of robust data quality analysis for reliable monitoring. This paper presents a two-part approach to address these challenges. The first part focuses on comprehensive data preprocessing using only feature scaling and selection via random forest (RF) algorithm, streamlining the process by minimizing human intervention while managing data complexity. The second part introduces a Recurrent Expansion Network (RexNet) composed of multiple layers built on recursive expansion theories from multi-model deep learning. Unlike traditional Rex architectures, this unified framework allows fine tuning of RexNet hyperparameters, simplifying their application. By combining data quality analysis with RexNet, this methodology explores multi-model behaviors and deeper interactions between dependent (e.g., health and condition indicators) and independent variables (e.g., Remaining Useful Life (RUL)), offering richer insights than conventional methods. Both RF and RexNet undergo hyperparameter optimization using Bayesian methods under variability reduction (i.e., standard deviation) of residuals, allowing the algorithms to reach optimal solutions and enabling fair comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches. Applied to high-speed bearings using a large wind turbine dataset, this approach achieves a coefficient of determination of 0.9504, enhancing RUL prediction. This allows for more precise maintenance scheduling from imperfect predictions, reducing downtime and operational costs while improving system reliability under varying conditions.
Incorporation of Superparamagnetic Magnetic–Fluorescent Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Increases Proliferation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Becker Willian Pinheiro , Dáu Juliana Barbosa Torreão , Souza Wanderson de , Mendez-Otero Rosalia , Carias Rosana Bizon Vieira , Jasmin
Published: October 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have significant therapeutic potential and their use requires in-depth studies to better understand their effects. Labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles allows real-time monitoring of their location, migration, and fate post-transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and cytotoxicity of magnetic–fluorescent nanoparticles in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs). The efficacy of Molday ION rhodamine B (MIRB) labeling in hADSCs was evaluated and their biocompatibility was assessed using various techniques and differentiation assays. Prussian blue and fluorescence staining confirmed that 100% of the cells were labeled with MIRB and this labeling persisted for at least 3 days. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the internalization and clustering of the nanoparticles on the outer surface of the cell membrane. The viability assay showed increased cell viability 3 days after nanoparticle exposure. Cell counts were higher in the MIRB-treated group compared to the control group at 3 and 5 days and an increased cell proliferation rate was observed at 3 days post-exposure. Adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation was successfully achieved in all groups, with MIRB-treated cells showing an enhanced differentiation rate into adipocytes and osteocytes. MIRB was efficiently internalized by hADSCs but induced changes in cellular behavior due to the increased cell proliferation rate.
Knowledge Graph Embedding for Hierarchical Entities Based on Auto-Embedding Size
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Xiaoxue , Fang Yang , Liao Jinzhi , Ma Wubin , Tan Zhen , Xiao Weidong
Published: October 2024

Knowledge graph embedding represents entities and relations as low-dimensional continuous vectors. Recently, researchers have attempted to leverage the potential semantic connections between entities with hierarchical relationships in the knowledge graph. However, existing knowledge embedding methods that model entity hierarchical structures face the following challenges: (1) Setting the same embedding dimension for entities at different hierarchical levels can lead to overfitting issues and the waste of storage and computational resources; (2) Manually searching the embedding dimension in discrete space makes it easy to miss the optimal parameters and increases training costs. Therefore, we propose a knowledge embedding method, HEAES, that automatically learns the embedding dimensions for entities based on their hierarchical structure. Specifically, we first propose a new modeling method to capture the hierarchical relationships of entities, and we then train the model on a triple classification task. Then, we adaptively learn the pruning threshold to trim the embedding vectors, automatically learning different embedding dimensions for entities at different hierarchical levels. Experiments on the YAGO26K and DB111K datasets verify that introducing entity hierarchical information helps boost the model performance.
Analysis of a Dry Friction Force Law for the Covariant Optimal Control of Mechanical Systems with Revolute Joints
Authors: Rojas-Quintero Juan Antonio , Dubois François , Ramírez-de-Ávila Hedy César , Bugarin Eusebio , Sánchez-García Bruno , Cazarez-Castro Nohe R.
Published: October 2024

This contribution shows a geometric optimal control procedure to solve the trajectory generation problem for the navigation (generic motion) of mechanical systems with revolute joints. The mechanical system is analyzed as a nonlinear Lagrangian system affected by dry friction at the joint level. Rayleigh’s dissipation function is used to model this dissipative effect of joint-level friction, and regarded as a potential. Rayleigh’s potential is an invariant scalar quantity from which friction forces derive and are represented by a smooth model that approaches the traditional Coulomb’s law in our proposal. For the optimal control procedure, an invariant cost function is formed with the motion equations and a Riemannian metric. The goal is to minimize the consumed energy per unit time of the system. Covariant control equations are obtained by applying Pontryagin’s principle, and time-integrated using a Finite Elements Method-based solver. The obtained solution is an optimal trajectory that is then applied to a mechanical system using a proportional–derivative plus feedforward controller to guarantee the trajectory tracking control problem. Simulations and experiments confirm that including joint-level friction forces at the modeling stage of the optimal control procedure increases performance, compared with scenarios where the friction is not taken into account, or when friction compensation is performed at the feedback level during motion control.
Damage Prediction in the Wire Drawing Process
Authors: González Álvaro , Cruchaga Marcela , Celentano Diego , Ponthot Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2024

In this study, the prediction of damage in the wire drawing process of 2011 aluminum alloy was investigated through both experimental and numerical methods. A comprehensive experimental setup was designed involving 20 cases of wire drawing with varying die angles (10°, 15°, 21°, 27°, and 34°) and reductions (21%, 29%, 31%, and 38%). Each case was tested three times, and the drawing forces, as well as occurrences of wire breakage, were recorded. The mechanical behavior of the material was firstly characterized using uniaxial tensile tests, whose results were used to determine the material parameters of both the hardening Voce law and those of uncoupled and coupled damage models. Then, the numerical simulations of the wire drawing process were performed using a finite element model, accounting for axisymmetric conditions and mesh convergence analysis to ensure accuracy. The previously characterized damage models were applied to evaluate their fracture prediction capabilities. A novel presentation method using three-dimensional graphs was employed to indicate the level of damage for each angle and reduction, providing greater sensitivity and insight into the damage values. Good agreement between the experimental and numerical data was demonstrated for the bilinear coupled damage model, validating its effectiveness. This study contributes to a better understanding of damage prediction in the wire drawing process, with implications for improving industrial practices and material performance evaluations.
Comparison of FE Simulation and Experiment on Tensile Test of TWB-HPF 22MnB5 Steel
Authors: Eom Ji-Ho , Jin Chul Kyu , Ahn Dae-Young , Babu JSS , Jang Jun-Young , Lee Min Sik
Published: October 2024

Finite element (FE) analysis of the tensile test of TWB-HPF 22MnB5 steel was performed and compared with the experimental results. To improve the accuracy of the simulation, the damage theory of FLD and ductile damage theory were used in 2D and 3D simulations. The tensile strength of 22MnB5 steel was determined under various welding heat inputs for FE simulation. Crack propagation of the welded region indicated that the fracture was observed in the base metal under normal welding conditions. Also, the crack propagated along the HAZ region due to higher heat input of the welding, and lead fractures have been highlighted as a potential complication.
Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Pregnant Women with Impaired Glucose Metabolism—A Pilot Study
Authors: Omazić Jelena , Muller Andrijana , Dumančić Blaž , Kadivnik Mirta , Aladrović Jasna , Pađen Lana , Kralik Kristina , Brkić Nikolina , Dobrošević Blaženka , Vuković Barbara , Wagner Jasenka
Published: October 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem with increasing prevalence. Analyses of metabolic and immune profiles have great potential for discovering new markers and mechanisms related to the development of GDM. We monitored 61 pregnant women during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, including 13 pregnant women with GDM, 14 pregnant women with elevated glucose in the first trimester and 34 healthy pregnant women. A number of metabolic and immunological parameters were measured, including glucose, insulin, lipid status, fatty acids, lymphocyte profile, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-a. A higher number of T-helper lymphocytes and a higher ratio of helper/cytotoxic lymphocytes was found in the control group in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pregnant women whose glucose threshold values were measured in the first trimester, but who did not develop GDM, showed a higher percentage of neutrophils and a lower percentage of lymphocytes in the third trimester. Differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were observed between healthy pregnant women and those with glucose metabolism disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that there are differences in the profiles of T lymphocytes, NK cells and polyunsaturated fatty acids between the examined groups of pregnant women, which can serve as a direction for future research.
Structure and Function of Soil Bacterial Communities in the Different Wetland Types of the Liaohe Estuary Wetland
Authors: Zheng Yunlong , Su Fangli , Li Haifu , Song Fei , Wei Chao , Cui Panpan
Published: October 2024

Soil bacterial communities play a crucial role in the functioning of estuarine wetlands. Investigating the structure and function of these communities across various wetland types, along with the key factors influencing them, is essential for understanding the relationship between bacteria and wetland ecosystems. The Liaohe Estuary Wetland formed this study’s research area, and soil samples from four distinct wetland types were utilized: suaeda wetlands, reed wetlands, pond returning wetlands, and tidal flat wetlands. The structure and function of the soil bacterial communities were examined using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology in conjunction with the PICRUSt analysis method. The results indicate that different wetland types significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as the structure and function of bacterial communities. The abundance and diversity of soil bacterial communities were highest in the suaeda wetland and lowest in the tidal flat wetland. The dominant bacterial phyla identified were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Furthermore, the dominant bacterial genera identified included RSA9, SZUA_442, and SP4260. The primary functional pathways associated with the bacterial communities involved the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as lipoic acid metabolism, which are crucial for the carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study enhances our understanding of the mutual feedback between river estuary wetland ecosystems and environmental changes, providing a theoretical foundation for the protection and management of wetlands.
A Novel Method for Rapid Screening of Salmonidae Ingredients and Accurate Detection of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Simultaneously Using Duplex Real-Time PCR Coupled with Melting Curve Analysis
Authors: Wang Shihui , Xiong Xiong , Song Hongwei , Wang Tianlong , Li Yi , Wang Libin
Published: October 2024

The substitution of ingredients with Salmonidae, particularly Salmo salar, has led to widespread reports of financial losses and health risks globally, emphasizing the urgent need for the development of a rapid and precise method for species identification. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel method for the rapid screening of Salmonidae ingredients and the accurate detection of S. salar simultaneously using multiplex real-time PCR coupled with melting curve analysis. Specifically, primer sets specific for S. salar and Salmonidae were cross-confirmed. Moreover, the reaction system and conditions of a real-time duplex PCR were optimized, and the proposed methodology was verified, proving that the assay has good specificity and sensitivity. Clear and distinguishable melting peaks, with expected Tm values of around 80 °C (S. salar) and 84 °C (Salmonidae), were observed for twelve products, proving the presence of S. salar. However, four products were not derived from S. salar, but they could have belonged to another species within the Salmonidae family due to the presence of only one specific melting peak at a Tm value of about 84 °C. Therefore, the novel assay in the present study allows for the fast and accurate screening of Salmonidae ingredients and the detection of S. salar simultaneously.
Salmon-IgM Functionalized-PLGA Nanosystem for Florfenicol Delivery as an Antimicrobial Strategy against Piscirickettsia salmonis
Authors: Velásquez Felipe , Frazao Mateus , Diez Arturo , Villegas Felipe , Álvarez-Bidwell Marcelo , Rivas-Pardo J. Andrés , Vallejos-Vidal Eva , Reyes-López Felipe , Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Ahumada Manuel , Reyes-Cerpa Sebastián
Published: October 2024

Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, has been the most severe health concern for the Chilean salmon industry. The efforts to control P. salmonis infections have focused on using antibiotics and vaccines. However, infected salmonids exhibit limited responses to the treatments. Here, we developed a poly (D, L-lactide-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-nanosystem functionalized with Atlantic salmon IgM (PLGA-IgM) to specifically deliver florfenicol into infected cells. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the double emulsion solvent-evaporation method in the presence of florfenicol. Later, the PLGA-NPs were functionalized with Atlantic salmon IgM through carbodiimide chemistry. The nanosystem showed an average size of ~380–410 nm and a negative surface charge. Further, florfenicol encapsulation efficiency was close to 10%. We evaluated the internalization of the nanosystem and its impact on bacterial load in SHK-1 cells by using confocal microscopy and qPCR. The results suggest that stimulation with the nanosystem elicits a decrease in the bacterial load of P. salmonis when it infects Atlantic salmon macrophages. Overall, the IgM-functionalized PLGA-based nanosystem represents an alternative to the administration of antibiotics in salmon farming, complementing the delivery of antibiotics with the stimulation of the immune response of infected macrophages.
Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Heterostructure Bilayers of Graphene, Borophene and 2D Boron Carbides from First Principles
Authors: Niu Lu , Conquest Oliver J. , Verdi Carla , Stampfl Catherine
Published: October 2024

In the present work the atomic, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional graphene, borophene, and boron carbide heterojunction bilayer systems (Graphene–BC3, Graphene–Borophene and Graphene–B4C3) as well as their constituent monolayers are investigated on the basis of first-principles calculations using the HSE06 hybrid functional. Our calculations show that while borophene is metallic, both monolayer BC3 and B4C3 are indirect semiconductors, with band-gaps of 1.822 eV and 2.381 eV as obtained using HSE06. The Graphene–BC3 and Graphene–B4C3 bilayer heterojunction systems maintain the Dirac point-like character of graphene at the K-point with the opening of a very small gap (20–50 meV) and are essentially semi-metals, while Graphene–Borophene is metallic. All bilayer heterostructure systems possess absorbance in the visible region where the resonance frequency and resonance absorption peak intensity vary between structures. Remarkably, all heterojunctions support plasmons within the range 16.5–18.5 eV, while Graphene–B4C3 and Graphene–Borophene exhibit a π-type plasmon within the region 4–6 eV, with the latter possessing an additional plasmon at the lower energy of 1.5–3 eV. The dielectric tensor for Graphene–B4C3 exhibits complex off-diagonal elements due to the lower P3 space group symmetry indicating it has anisotropic dielectric properties and could exhibit optically active (chiral) effects. Our study shows that the two-dimensional heterostructures have desirable optical properties broadening the potential applications of the constituent monolayers.
The Development of Nanomaterials in Adsorption, Separation and Purification
Authors: Culita Daniela Cristina
Published: October 2024

In an era marked by growing concerns about environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and energy demand, nanomaterials are emerging as powerful tools for addressing challenges in water treatment, air purification, and industrial separations [...]
High-Sensitivity RT-LAMP for Molecular Detection of O’nyong-nyong (Alphavirus onyong)
Authors: Faísca-Silva David , Seixas Gonçalo , Nunes Mónica , Parreira Ricardo
Published: October 2024

Mosquitoes serve as vectors for many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that are responsible for millions of human infections and thousands of deaths each year. Among these arboviruses, O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is an African alphavirus mainly transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. ONNV can be detected through serological or molecular tests, the first showing cross-reactivity to co-circulating alphaviruses and requiring technically demanding confirmation, while the latter, usually based on real-time PCR, are costly and demand specific equipment. Isothermal amplification approaches, such as Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP), should therefore provide a cost-effective, sensitive, and specific alternative for virus detection, suitable for the resource-limited regions where ONNV circulates up to the present time. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a rapid and highly sensitive (10 pfu/reaction) RT-LAMP assay for ONNV detection. Additionally, we demonstrate that it is possible to bypass the RNA extraction step, reducing sample handling time and costs. The final RT-LAMPONNV is a promising field detection tool for ONNV, enabling a better understanding of its impact and serving as a point-of-care diagnostic method.