bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The surgical technique and clinical efficacy of orthopedic surgical robot assisted "four-guide pin" cannulated screws internal fixation in the treatment of calcaneal fractures
Authors: Li Lugen , Hu Zhengbo , Wu Qiang , Lu Chaolong , Wei Xiao , Lan Wenxin , Wu Penghuan
Published: June 2024

Purpose We aimed to explore the surgical techniques employed in robot-assisted "Four-guide pin" cannulated screw internal fixation for calcaneal fractures and to evaluate its clinical efficacy compared to traditional surgical treatments.
Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 57 patients with calcaneal fractures treated from January 2021 to December 2023. The patients were divided into three groups: group A (25 patients, 26 feet) underwent traditional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), group B (18 patients, 19 feet) received free-hand cannulated screw fixation, and group C (14 patients, 17 feet) was treated with robot-assisted "four-guide pin" surgery. The general information and clinical parameters of the three groups were statistically analyzed.
Results Patients in three groups were followed up for 6-24 months, and bone union was achieved in all cases. There were no statistically significant differences in the general information among the three groups. However, there were significant differences in preoperative waiting time, unilateral operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of stay after the operation, bone graft rate, postoperative antibiotic use rate, fixation rate of the sustentaculum tali, rate of postoperative complications, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores (AOFAS) across the three groups, complications related to the operation occurred in group A and B but were resolved after symptomatic treatment.
Conclusion Compared to ORIF, free-hand cannulated screw internal fixation demonstrates superior clinical advantages in the treatment of calcaneal fractures. The robot-assisted "four-guide pin" technology enhances the accuracy, compensates for inherent limitations, reduce the use rate of antibiotics and expedites patient recovery.
High Prevalence of multidrug resistant common foodborne bacteria in raw beef and ready-to-eat samples from Dhaka City Corporations, Bangladesh
Authors: Fahim Fahmida Jahan , Muchemi Julius , Chowdhury Kulsum , Rana Sohel , Das Rimi , Zinnah Kazi , Uddin Md Nazim , Khatun Amina , Rahman Md Mahfujur , Noor Monira , Rahman Md Tanvir , Hossain Ferdaus Mohd Altaf
Published: June 2024

Food safety in red meat value chain is a critical concern globally, with implications for both public health and economic stability. In the context of Bangladesh, a country with a burgeoning population and a significant reliance on red meat consumption, understanding the complexities of zoonosis, identifying the associated microbes, and addressing the AMR risk is paramount. This study investigates the prevalence of common foodborne pathogens and their multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns in raw beef and ready-to-eat (RTE) samples from Dhaka City Corporations, Bangladesh. Bacterial isolates from 60 raw beef and 60 RTE samples were identified using culturing and PCR-based molecular detection methods. The prevalence rates of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., S. aureus, Listeria spp., and Campylobacter spp. were determined, along with their antibiotic susceptibility profiles following CLSI guidelines. The study revealed that in raw beef samples, the prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., S. aureus, Listeria spp., and Campylobacter spp. were 25%, 46.67%, 66.67%, 96.67%, 66.67%, and 40%, respectively. In RTE samples, the occurrence rates were 30%, 3.33%, 15%, 25%, 21.67%, and 23.33%, respectively. Total viable and individual counts exceeded Bangladesh Food Safety Authority standards. Most isolates exhibited MDR, underlining the need for enhanced hygiene during beef processing and RTE preparation. The study addresses a knowledge gap, highlighting the public health risks linked with foodborne pathogens and the emergence of MDR. This research contributes to better food safety measures and awareness, safeguarding public health in urban settings like Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Water at electrode-electrolyte interfaces: combining HOD vibrational spectra with ab initio-molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Cuesta Angel , Gunasekaran Pavithra , Du Xianglong , Burley Andrew , Le Jia-Bo , Cheng Jun
Published: June 2024

We have undertaken a vibrational study of the structure of interfacial water and its potential dependence using H2O:D2O mixtures to explore the O-H and O-D stretching modes of HOD as well as the bending modes of HOD and H2O. Due to the symmetry reduction, some of the complexity characteristic of the vibrational spectrum of water is removed in HOD. Coupled with potential-dependent ab-initio simulations of the gold-water interface, this has enabled a deeper insight into the hydrogen-bond network of interfacial water and into how it is affected by the applied potential. Possibly the most important conclusions of our work are (i) the absence of any ice-like first layer of interfacial water at any potential and (ii) that interfacial water reorients around a stable backbone of hydrogen bonds roughly parallel to the electrode surface. At E > pzc, interfacial water molecules are oriented with the oxygen lone pairs towards the surface and forming exclusively or nearly exclusively hydrogen-donating hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. At E < pzc, the oxygen lone pairs point away from the surface instead, but the population of hydrogen-donating water molecules does not vanish. In fact, the population of hydrogen-accepting water molecules only dominates at considerably negative charge densities, due to the weak interaction of the hydrogen atoms of interfacial water molecules with the Au surface.
Treatment with lipoxin A 4 improves influenza A infection outcome through macrophage reprogramming, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive responses
Authors: Rago Flavia , Melo Eliza Mathias , Miller Leigh M. , Duray Alexis M. , Felix Franciel Batista , Vago Juliana Priscila , Gonçalves Ana Paula Faria , Angelo Ana Luiza Pessoa Mendonça , Cassali Giovanni D. , Gaetano Monica , Brennan Eoin , Owen Benjamin , Guiry Patrick , Godson Catherine , Alcorn John F. , Teixeira Mauro Martins
Published: June 2024

Objective and design:
Here, we evaluated whether a synthetic lipoxin mimetic, designated AT-01-KG, would improve the course of influenza A infection in a murine model.
Treatment:
Mice were infected with influenza A/H1N1 and treated with AT-01-KG (1.7 mg/kg/day, i.p.) at day 3 post-infection.
Methods
Mortality rate was assessed up to day 21 and inflammatory parameters were assessed at days 5 and 7.
Results
AT-01-KG attenuated mortality, reducing leukocyte infiltration and lung damage at day 5 and day 7 post-infection. AT-01-KG is a Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (designated FPR2/3 in mice) agonist, and the protective responses were not observed in FPR2/3 −/− animals. In mice treated with LXA4 (50mg/kg/day, i.p., days 3–6 post-infection), at day 7, macrophage reprogramming was observed, as seen by a decrease in classically activated macrophages and an increase in alternatively activated macrophages in the lungs. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells and cells undergoing efferocytosis was increased in the lavage of treated mice. Treatment also modulated the adaptive immune response, increasing the number of anti-inflammatory T cells (Th2) and regulatory T (Tregs) cells in the lungs of the treated mice.
Conclusions
Therefore, treatment with a lipoxin A4 analog was beneficial in a model of influenza A infection in mice. The drug decreased inflammation and promoted resolution and beneficial immune responses, suggesting it may be useful in patients with severe influenza.
Robust mosquito species identification from diverse body and wing images using deep learning
Authors: Nolte Kristopher , Sauer Felix Gregor , Baumbach Jan , Kollmannsberger Philip , Lins Christian , Lühken Renke
Published: June 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major global health threat. Traditional morphological or molecular methods for identifying mosquito species often require specialized expertise or expensive laboratory equipment. The use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify mosquito species based on images may offer a promising alternative, but their practical implementation often remains limited. This study explores the applicability of CNNs in classifying mosquito species. It compares the efficacy of body and wing depictions across three image collection methods: a smartphone, macro-lens attached to a smartphone and a professional stereomicroscope. The study included 796 specimens of four morphologically similar Aedes species, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus,Ae. koreicus, and Ae. japonicus japonicus. The findings of this study indicate that CNN models demonstrate superior performance in wing-based classification 87.6% (CI95%: 84.2 - 91.0) compared to body-based classification 78.9% (CI95%: 77.7 - 80.0). Nevertheless, there are notable limitations of CNNs as they perform reliably across multiple devices only when trained specifically on those devices, resulting in an average decline of mean accuracy by 14%, even with extensive image augmentation. Additionally, we also estimate the required training data volume for effective classification, noting a reduced requirement for wing-based classification in comparison to body-based methods. Our study underscores the viability of both body and wing classification methods for mosquito species identification while emphasizing the need to address practical constraints in developing accessible classification systems.
Delineation of crustal structure in the part of Sonakhan Greenstone Belt in Bastar Craton, Mahasamund district, Chhattisgarh, India using integrated of geophysical methods for mineral investigation
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Singh Om Praksah
Published: June 2024

The study of the regional gravity & magnetic surveys and detailed geology are identified Barnidadar block of Sonakhan Greenstone Belt in Bastar Craton, Mahasamund District, Chhattisgarh, India. The integrated of magnetic and electrical geophysical methods (Resistivity, Induced Polarization (IP) and Self-Potential) are subjected to Barnidadar block for identification of subsurface geological structures such as faults, fractures, shear zones and lithio-contacts which is most important for mineral exploration/ proposing borehole location/ depth to be drilled to intersect mineralization zones. The magnetic (T.F.) values ranged from -322.0 to -59.0 nT in the study area. The magnetic (T.F) anomaly map is brought out contact/shear zones in NW-SE direction by showing linear bipolar anomaly closures. The moderate chargeability anomalies are corroborated with moderate to high resistivity anomalies along contact/shear zone. Moderate low SP values are traced coinciding with moderate chargeability anomaly zone which is significant due to its consistent chargeability values and reasonably good correlation with SP and magnetic anomalies. In IP/Resistivity (Dipole-Dipole) map, a high chargeability zone is identified between stations 340 to 400 which may be proposed for borehole location/ depth to be drilled to intersect mineralization zones.
Causal Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Meng Shuqi , Fan Yan , Zhao Lina , Cui Yan , Xie Ke-liang
Published: June 2024

Background
Emerging evidence suggests that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota may not only be a consequence of AIDS but may also influence the risk of disease. However, it is not clear that these associations point to the certainty of causality.
Objective
To reveal the causal relationship between gut microbiota and AIDS, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Materials And Methods
We evaluated summary statistics of gut microbiota and HIV infection disease from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A two-sample MR analysis was performed to identify HIV-causing bacterial taxa in the samples based on inverse variance weighting (ivw) results. Sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the stability of the results. Finally, an inverse MR analysis was performed to assess the possibility of reverse causality.
Results
Combining the results of MR analysis and sensitivity analysis, we identified eight pathogenic bacterial genera: Subdoligaranulum (OR = 4.012,95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.783–9.027, P = 7.90E-04), Victivallis(OR = 1.605,95% CI = 1.012–2.547, P = 4.40E-02), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (OR = 2.051, 95% CI = 1.048–4.011, P = 3.60E-02) increased the risk of HIV infection. In contrast, genetically predicted Eggerthella (OR = 0.477, 95%CI = 0.283–0.805, P = 5.50E-03), Anaerotruncus (OR = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.197–0.954,P = 3.8E-02), Methanobrevibacter (OR = 0. 509 ; 95% CI = 0. 265 − 0.980; P = 4.30E-02), Clostridiumsensustricto1 (OR = 0.424, 95% CI = 0.182–0.988, P = 4.70E-02) and Coprococcus2 (OR = 0.377, 95% CI = 0.159–0.894, P = 2.70E-02) reduced the risk of HIV infection. Further sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of the above associations. Reverse MR analysis showed no evidence of reverse causality between HIV infection and the eight genera mentioned above.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that Subdoligaranulum, Victivallis, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,Eggerthella, Clostridiumsensustricto1. Coprococcus2 and AIDS are causally linked, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying the onset of gut microbiota-mediated HIV infection.
Validity of RMR equations in Underweight, Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Emirati Female Young Adults
Authors: Haroun Dalia , Sharif Maryam Al , AlGhali Rola , Smail Linda
Published: June 2024

Background: Predictive equations have been developed to calculate resting metabolic rate (RMR) however they vary in their level of accuracy as they differ in the conditions in which they were developed and the variables that they consider.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aims to examine the validity of published RMR equations in Emirati female young adults and develop a new cohort-specific RMR equation. Indirect calorimetry and anthropometric data were obtained from 149 female participants (17-27 years) across all body mass index (BMI) catgories.
Results: Of the 9 prediction equations examined, Mifflin-St Jeor was the most accurate (mean difference: -15.8-83.8 Kcal/day), while the Harris-Benedict equation was the most inaccurate.
Conclusions: Further studies should examine the developed equation in an independent sample.
Psychological Control and Chinese Preschoolers’ Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Bidirectional Associations in Four Parent-child Dyads
Authors: Ma Jing , Chen Lingjun , Gao Xin , Li Ye , Xing Shufen
Published: June 2024

Previous research has shown there might be bidirectional association between psychological control and child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, most studies were conducted among adolescents, leaving the relationships during early childhood unknown. The present study aimed to examine the gender differences in the bidirectional relationship between parental psychological control and preschoolers’ problem behaviors across four dyadic relationships (mother/son, mother/daughter, father/son, and father/daughter) in the Chinese cultural context. Data were collected from 238 preschool children (132 boys, Mage = 4.21 years, SD = .85) and their parents. Both fathers and mothers reported their psychological control and preschoolers’ problem behaviors. Results showed that for internalizing problems, gender differences in the bidirectional relationship were not found and preschoolers’ internalizing problems predicted increases in parental psychological control, suggesting the child-driven effect. For externalizing problems, gender differences were found across four dyadic relationships. Specifically, in the mother-daughter dyad, maternal psychological control negatively predicted girls’ externalizing problems, suggesting the parent-driven effect. This study underscores the influence of preschoolers’ internalizing problems on parental psychological control. The findings contribute to our understanding of the bidirectional associations and gender differences between parental psychological control and problem behaviors in preschoolers in the Chinese cultural context.
Photodynamic metabolite-powered zero-waste “ferroptosis amplifier” for enhanced hypertrophic scar therapy
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Yuan , Wang Shan , Mao Xiu , Wen Yao , Zhu Xingyu , Fan Dongqi , Liu Ping , Chen Xu , Zhan Lei , Ma Xi , Yang Xin , He Qingqing , Ji Ping
Published: June 2024

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a somatopsychic disease that significantly affects quality of life. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows promise for HS treatment, while challenges like poor transdermal delivery and the accumulation of photodynamic by-products restrict its effectiveness. Inspired by the natural phenomenon that a whale fall brings life to thousands, this study proposes a zero-waste strategy by leveraging the photodynamic metabolite heme to establish a “ferroptosis amplifier”, which allows these metabolic wastes to be transformed into new sources of energy, thereby amplifying ferroptosis response following PDT. This is achieved by encapsulating 5-ALA and baicalin within human H-ferritin (HFn), subsequently incorporated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) microneedles (FAB@MN). The FAB@MN exhibits excellent targeting towards hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and pH-responsive programmed drug release. The treatment begins with the release of 5-ALA, which is converted into PpIX to activate PDT. Baicalin is then released, which directly triggers ferroptosis while also facilitating the breakdown of photodynamic waste heme into Fe2+ and CO, thereby amplifying ferroptosis. Unlike conventional PDT only focuses on immediate effects, this approach uses photodynamic waste to fuel a sustained ferroptosis response after PDT, offering a new path for treatment.
First molecular diagnosis of Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae causing conjunctival ophthalmomyiasis in Mexico City, Mexico
Authors: Olivera-Pérez Carolina Isabel , Lagunas-Calvo Omar , Cortés-González Vianney , Oceguera-Figueroa Alejandro , García-Prieto Luis , Peña-Ortíz Samuel , Hernández-Piñamora Luis Alfonso , Reyna-Fabián Miriam Erandi
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Human ophthalmomyiasis is a rare ocular parasitosis that results from the accidental infestation of dipteran larvae of several species, including Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1758). This study aims to present the fourth documented human case of ophthalmomyiasis in Mexico, identifying the etiological agent through morphological and molecular analyses. Additionally, we investigated the phylogenetic position and genetic distances among different individuals globally characterized based on mitochondrial Cox1 sequences.
Methods
A total of five larval specimens were extracted from the patient's eye, with two specimens allocated for taxonomic identification and the remaining three preserved in absolute ethanol for subsequent DNA extraction. The Cox1 region was amplified and sequenced using automated Sanger sequencing. The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number OR440699 and subjected to BlastN analysis against 35 other Cox1 sequences of O. ovis from GenBank. The identity and phylogenetic position of the strains were further explored using parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic methods.
Results
Morphological examination of the larval specimens extracted from the patient's eye unequivocally identified them as O. ovis species. BlastN analysis and comprehensive phylogenetic investigations involving a total of 36 Cox1 sequences confirmed the taxonomic identity of the larvae. Notably, our sequence was positioned within the cluster formed by the Brazilian and two Iranian samples. This finding underscores a shared genetic ancestry among these distinct geographical isolates and provides valuable insights into the evolutionary relationships within O. ovis populations.
Conclusion
The presence of O. ovis infestation in Mexico City suggests potential shifts in environmental conditions favoring fly proliferation, highlighting the need for vigilance in urban healthcare settings.
Synthesis of corn straw based carbon doped Nb 2 O 5 as photocatalysts for Rhodamine B degradation under visible light illumination
Authors: Ding Shuang , Zeng Xu , Wang Bo , Yan Yalan , Ren Bo , Li Yan , Yang Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

Developing efficient visible light photocatalytic materials has always been a challenge for researchers. We have successfully prepared a series of corn straw based carbon doped Nb2O5 with excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light. A series of characterizations were carried out on the synthesized materials, including power X-Ray diffraction(XRD), scan electron miscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy(IR), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized samples was investigated under visible light irradiation using Rhodamine B as the degradation target. The experimental results show that the introduction of carbon element has a certain impact on the morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution, elemental composition, functional groups, and visible light absorption of the sample, which in turn has a significant impact on its photocatalytic performance.This article is of great significance for the application of biomass materials and the improvement of environmental quality, and also provides new ideas for the design and synthesis of new composite functional materials.
Effect of Phenylephrine versus Ephedrine on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroplasty General Anaesthesia：A Single-Center Trial
Authors: Zheng Changjian , Wang Bin , Fu Jiuzhou , Peng Hui , Chen Yongquan , Hu Xianwen
Published: June 2024

Despite equalizing blood pressure(BP), ephedrine and phenylephrine exhibit distinct impacts on rSO2. However, whether this heterogeneity in rSO2 affects the occurrence of POD remains understudied. This study aimed to explore the effects of maintaining BP with ephedrine versus phenylephrine on the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing knee arthroplasty under general anesthesia. A total of 120 patients aged 60-90 years undergoing knee arthroplasty were included in this study.The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the ephedrine group and the phenylephrine group. After anesthesia induction, continuous infusion of the respective medication was initiated to maintain intraoperative mean arterial pressure within the normal range (baseline mean arterial pressure ± 20%).The primary outcome measures included the incidence of POD within 1-3 days after the surgery. The incidence of POD on the first day after surgery was lower in the ephedrine group compared to the phenylephrine group (33% vs 7%, P < 0.001 ). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of POD between the two groups on the second and third postoperative days. During surgery, the ephedrine group exhibited significantly increased CO and rSO2 compared to the phenylephrine group (P < 0.05).
Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR2200064849, principal investigator: Changjian Zheng.
Design of an Object Recognition Network Based on YOLOv5s for Lightweight Deep Information Extraction and Fusion of Deep and Shallow Layer Information
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Guili , Xu Lin , Qu Liguo , Zhang Hangyu , Tian Longlong , Li Chenhao , Sun Liangwang , Zhou Minyu
Published: June 2024

In object detection, targets in adverse and complex scenes often have limited information and difficult feature extraction, necessitating deeper feature extraction to adequately capture target features for accurate localization and classification. Addressing the challenge of object detection in complex scenes and low-quality images, this paper designs a lightweight feature extraction network based on CBAM and multi-scale information fusion. Initially, within the Backbone module of YOLOv5s, we construct large-scale, deep feature maps, integrate CBAM, and fuse high-resolution features from shallow networks with deep features. We also add new output heads, employing different feature extraction structures for classification and localization. These improvements significantly enhance detection performance, particularly in challenging scenarios such as strong light, nighttime, and rainy conditions. Experimental results indicate that the improved network structure demonstrates superior detection performance in complex scenes, especially for pedestrian crossing detection under adverse weather and low-light conditions. The study utilizes an open-source pedestrian crossing dataset from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, available on GitHub. Our algorithm improves the pedestrian crossing detection precision (AP0.5:0.95) by 5.9%, reaching 82.3%, while maintaining a detection speed of 44.8 FPS, thereby meeting the stringent requirements of real-time detection. The source code for this program can be found at this address https://github.com/soo-s/yolov5-crosswalk/
Efficient photon-pair generation in layer-poled lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguides
Authors: Zhu Di , Shi Xiaodong , Mohanraj Sakthi , Dhyani Veerendra , Baiju Angela , Wang Sihao , Sun Jiapeng , Zhou Lin , Paterova Anna , Leong Victor
Published: June 2024

Integrated photon-pair sources are crucial for scalable photonic quantum systems. Thin-film lithium niobate is a promising platform for on-chip photon-pair generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). However, the device implementation faces practical challenges. Periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), despite enabling flexible quasi-phase matching, suffers from poor fabrication reliability and device repeatability, while conventional modal phase matching (MPM) methods yield limited efficiencies due to inadequate mode overlaps. Here, we introduce a layer-poled lithium niobate (LPLN) nanophotonic waveguide for efficient photon-pair generation. It leverages layer-wise polarity inversion through electrical poling to break spatial symmetry and significantly enhance nonlinear interactions for MPM, achieving a notable normalized second-harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of 4615% W-1 cm-2. Through a cascaded SHG and SPDC process, we demonstrate photon-pair generation with a normalized brightness of 3.1×106 Hz nm-1 mW-2 in a 3.3 mm long LPLN waveguide, surpassing existing on-chip sources under similar operating configurations. Crucially, our LPLN waveguides offer enhanced fabrication reliability and reduced sensitivity to geometric variations and temperature fluctuations compared to PPLN devices. We expect LPLN to become a promising solution for on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion and non-classical light generation, with immediate applications in quantum communication, networking, and on-chip photonic quantum information processing.
The incidence of symptomatic CSF viral escape in patients on antiretroviral therapy in western India: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Patel Atul , Patel Ketan , Patel Niyati , Shah Kinjal , Kumar Ambuj
Published: June 2024

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) effectively suppresses viral loads in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with discordant plasma and CSF viral loads may experience chronic-progressive or fluctuating neurocognitive dysfunctions. This study examined at the incidence of symptomatic CSF viral escape (CSFVE) in patients receiving ART. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2000 and 2023. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of symptomatic CSFVE. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact/χ 2 tests were applied for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The cumulative incidence function with Gray's test was used to compare the incidence of CSFVE across the treatment regimens. During the study period, 52 of the 8415 patients were diagnosed with CSFVE. The median duration of HIV diagnosis in patients with CSF VE was 150 (12–288) months, with a median nadir CD4+ T-cell count (96.5 (13-601 cells/L)], and 75% of the patients were on a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) regimen. The cumulative incidence of symptomatic CSFVE at a follow-up of 14 years was 1% (95% CI, 0–1%). PI/r (HR 34.73; 95% CI 13.5 to 89.4; p<0.001) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (HR 3.42; 95% CI 1.94 to 6.02; p<0.001) regimens were significantly more likely to be associated with CSFVE than the Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) regimens. NNRTIs had the lowest risk of CSFVE compared to the PI/r and INSTI regimens. A rapid and complete recovery is possible with symptomatic CSFVE if it is diagnosed and treated early.
Thirty‑Day Readmission Rates and Outcomes after hospitalization for Ischemic Colitis. A National Analysis
Authors: Narvaez Sharon I. , Martinez John P. , Kinnucan Jami , Keilin Steven , Vega Kenneth J. , Argueta Pedro Palacios , Nieto Luis M.
Published: June 2024

Background/Aim
Limited data exists on 30-day readmission rates, readmission causes and predictors following Ischemic Colitis (IC). The aim is to identify etiologies for the above using a national database.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study using the 2019 National Readmission Database (NRD) of adult patients with an index admission (IA) for IC from January to November and were readmitted within 30 days of discharge was performed. The primary outcome was readmission of any cause. Secondary outcomes were mortality and resource utilization associated with readmission. Independent risk factors for all-cause readmission were identified using Cox regression analysis.
Results
A total of 6,853 IC patients were identified. Readmission within 30 days occurred in 762 (11%). The primary readmission cause was sepsis. A total of 325 patients died during the IA and additional 30 patients died within 30 days of discharge. Independent predictors of readmission were discharge to short term hospital, a Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 2 and admission at large size hospital. Having private insurance and undergoing colonoscopy were associated with lower readmission odds. Economic burden of readmission was $12 million in total costs and $51.4 million in total charges.
Conclusion
Among admitted IC patients, 30-day readmission rate was 11% with half of those secondary to sepsis. Undergoing colonoscopy during the IA is associated with 34% less risk of readmission and disposition to other facilities appears associated with increased early readmission risk. Prospective evaluation to confirm these findings along with development of optimal care strategies to reduce readmission post IC episodes are needed.
Eye Pupil Control Analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Parsa , malakouti seyed matin , Suratgar Amirabolfazl , menhaj mohammad bagher
Published: June 2024

The human eye, a pivotal sense organ, plays a crustal role in shaping our perception of the world. Researchers have consistently delved into its functional aspects, reflecting its paramount significance. Comprising intricate components, the human eye collectively orchestrates the intricate symphony of human visual perception. This study primarily focuses on the human pupil—a pivotal component of this sensory apparatus. In this paper, we rigorously investigate the dynamics of the human pupil through a comprehensive linear control analysis. Our approach involves deriving a linearized model based on prior research findings. Subsequently, we apply advanced control analysis techniques to gain deeper insights into its behavior. The obtained results provide valuable contributions to our understanding of the intricate dynamics governing the human pupil. This research sheds light on the complex interplay of factors that govern the behavior of the human pupil, offering insights with potential applications in fields such as ophthalmology, optometry, and human-computer interaction.
Peptide Tritrpticin Interaction onto Chemically Modified Graphene Oxide Paste Electrode
Authors: Ramos Sandra , Jesus Rodrigo Sá , Almeida Erica Cristina , Brasil Maria Carolina Oliveira Arruda , Cilli Eduardo Maffud , Oliveira Alan Santos , Silva Biancardy Lima , Salay Luiz Carlos
Published: June 2024

The simple strategy to prepare Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes (CPE) by using Graphene Oxide (GO) was made to promote the desired interaction of antimicrobial Peptide Tritrpticin (TRP3) on them. This interaction was chosen considering the important study of biological sensors remarkable by GO and TRP3. The Interaction of CPEGO with TRP3 was characterized by FTIR and Electrochemical Techniques, that employed Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The FTIR reveals some modifications of GO and GOTRP3 samples, with bands identified by functional polar groups and stretching mode C-N. CV results confirmed that GO promoted the interaction of TRP3 on the Carbon Paste Electrode by TRP3 adsorption on its oxidated defects sites with amplification current response. The oxidation peak potential shows a negative shift around 20 mV in the ferricyanide potassium presence, which indicates electron transfer between the GO and TRP3 was facilitated. EIS measurements show the interaction of TRP3 with GO with smaller electron transfer resistance as the almost linear portion of the Nyquist plot in comparison to CPE. The results indicate a Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode with GO and TRP3 interactions is a potential electrode designed for biological sensor or drug delivery applications.
Automatic Open Wikidata Information Extraction from Indonesian Text
Authors: Doxolodeo Kerenza
Published: June 2024

Open Information Extraction can be used to aid NLP pipeline, especially if it is linked to a knowledge graph. This is the first attempt to perform OIE in Indonesian text by leveraging pre-existing massive knowledge graph such as Wikidata. The model were given "easier" dataset sample to classify and "harder" dataset sample to classify based on its predicate's RDFS label. It achieves 70.14% F1 on the easier one and 46.68% F1 on the harder one. We also experimented with a pipeline that extracts triple "from the open", but the model struggles with triple that conveys relationship with two geographical place.
Entomoneis Parikhani sp.nov., a new diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Aras River (Iran)
Authors: parikhani fatemeh
Published: June 2024

The diatom genus Entomoneis has a species with unique morphology. Entomoneis has a series of unique features such as connecting lines with different shapes, sigmoid raphe on the bilobate keel, different curtains, and multiple girdle bands. Most species belonging to this genus are found in marine and saline habitats. In fact, the genus Entomoneis is an epicalic diatom that is found in streams with high salinity and high electrolyte concentration. To date, no specific type of freshwater has been identified. In this study, a new species of freshwater diatom, Entomoneis Parikhani, is described based on detailed morphological observations using a scanning electron microscope. The studies were conducted in the Ares River in northwest Iran. An unknown taxon belonging to the genus Entomoneis was found in Oltan village of Parsabad city. The Aras River contains freshwater. A special feature of Entomoneis Parikhani is its triple valve. The genus Entomoneis comprises of diatoms with sigmoidal raphe canals and girdle bands. This taxon is similar to Entomoneis annagodhei and Entomoneis tenera, as shown by LM and SEM observations, and there are sufficient morphological differences to separate Entomoneis Parikhani sp. Entomoneis Parikhani sp found in fresh water and similar species found only in salt water. This new species had very small cells, delicate frustules without valve lines, and wide lanceolate valves. In this study, the wide distribution of this taxon in the Aras River and its tributaries has been discussed in terms of water quality variables.
How much and for how long could the annual cost of atmospheric greenhouse gas (CO2e) abatement between 1960 and 2020 through carbon pricing be estimated?
Authors: Casas-Cuestas Michel , Rodríguez Juan Fernando Álvarez
Published: June 2024

This document presents the estimated cost and timing of climate change mitigation through carbon pricing based on anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions for the period from 1960 to 2020. This was done by constructing a matrix of prices using public databases comparing reported emissions (Andrew, 2021; Friedlingstein et al., 2020) and then formulating greenhouse gas storage scenarios that were formed based on cost-effective prices (Griscom et al., 2017). This allowed the range of feasible prices to be determined according to the COP Chair's estimates of annual investment capacity and the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (Stern, 2006). Consequently, as a contribution to the knowledge of carbon market prices, annual cost scenarios for climate change management were formulated on the basis of historical emissions and a financial model that compensates for investments, including absorption and storage of greenhouse gases CO2e, in terms of time in the range of 13 to 63 years and a cost of 50 billion to 1.2 trillion dollars. In conclusion, it is possible to use carbon markets to mitigate climate change based on the constraints outlined above by means of natural climate solutions.
Uma análise da implementação das políticas educacionais a partir do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Campos dos Goytacazes
Authors: Mello Teixeira Túlio , Lima Jacqueline
Published: June 2024

A proposta do presente artigo foi analisar a implementação das políticas educacionais da cidade mediante as discussões do conselho pleno e das câmaras técnicas que compõem as arenas do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Campos. Realizamos, para isso, uma pesquisa documental sobre as atas do conselho, as leis federais e municipais que tratam do sistema educacional da rede municipal. Concluímos que a verticalização das decisões impostas pelo poder executivo sobre os espaços de decisões do conselho pleno inibe a participação das representações e favorece os convênios com empresas privadas assistencialistas.
EVALUATIVE (DE)INTENSIFIERS IN THE SERVICE OF POLITE ACADEMIC EXPERT COMMUNICATION: LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL SPECIFICS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kondratenko Polina I.
Published: June 2024

The article actualises the connection between the category of politeness and the category of expert evaluation seen as a special discursive evaluation variety in the scientific and expert socio-communicative practice. (De)intensifiers of evaluation — lexical and grammatical means used for strengthening or softening of categorical character of evaluative statements in the academic reviews — are considered as elements of politeness strategies, aimed at maintaining of the reviewer’s and author’s image. The necessity of polite scientific expert communication is explained by the parameters of socio-communicative situation, in which academic journal reviews are embedded, first of all, by the fact that the new scientific knowledge presented in reviews has not yet been verified and is therefore particularly vulnerable to criticism. Due to image risks, reviewers are expected to perform cooperative communicative behavior in order to mitigate the effects of criticism. The study of evaluation (de)intensifiers as politeness markers is embedded in the modern discourse-linguistic and socio-communicative research paradigm. The research relevance is also explained by the insufficient comparative study of (de)intensification in the evaluative language. The qualitative-quantitative content analysis of 50 German- and Russian-language academic reviews in linguistics allows to highlight the means of (de)intensification of expert evaluation and to present them as center-periphery models (depending on the frequency of lexical and grammatical units in the data). In addition, the inclusion of these means into certain strategies of positive and negative politeness is considered. The hypothesis of linguistic and cultural specificity in the use of contextual (de)intensifiers of evaluation is confirmed.
NATIONAL AND CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE SPEECH ACT CONGRATULATIONS IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE (compared to Russian)
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Burenkova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2024

The proposed paper analyzes the features of the speech act congratulation in modern German in comparison with Russian. The author proceeds from the understanding of etiquette speech acts as representatives of the communicative category politeness, characterizes these phenomena as socially conditioned, changeable and, as a result, requiring repeated study. The purpose of the article is the comparative consideration of congratulation in informal communication in German and Russian. The tasks of the work include a review of available research papers on the issue, a comparative description of congratulations in two nationalcultural communities taking into account traditions and customs of the people and the specifics of language units. The dictionary platforms of the German, authentic didactic resources and examples from the author’s personal correspondence are used as practical material. An analysis of the semantic and syntactic properties of the performatives constituting the speech act congratulation in both languages allows to draw conclusions regarding the use of etiquette formulas in close connection with a holidays certain category: in contrast of the Russian verb поздравлять, the German verb gratulieren is used in congratulations on personal events of the addressee, at that time how congratulations on state or church holidays are good wishes, expressed by nominal phrases. The novelty of the research lies also in addressing the issues of stereotyping and modification of the semantic meanings of particular holidays in German culture, emerging of new significant occasions under the influence of democratization processes in society, due to the spread of political correctness ideas, which determines the relevance of the corresponding congratulatory phrases.
RENDERING MEANS OF EXPRESSING POLITENESS IN THE TRANSLATION OF N. V. GOGOL’S POEM DEAD SOULS INTO GERMAN
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Melgunova Anna V.
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the linguistic means of expressing politeness N. V. Gogol’s poem Dead Souls and the possibilities of their rendering in German translation suggested by F. Löbenstein in 1846. The poem features numerous communicative situations in which speakers strive to achieve their goals using various speech strategies determined by the social status and interpersonal relationships of the interlocutors. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the poem’s text of the translation precisely in regard to conveying various shades of polite treatment by Gogol’s contemporary. The introduction provides a brief overview of the scientific works that served as the theoretical basis for this article. They are devoted to politeness in Russian and German linguocultures, fiction and translation. Special attention is paid to addressing the interlocutor, speech etiquette formulas, the request and the apology. Discrepancies between the Russian and German versions resulting from the lack of equivalents in German are revealed. For example, the address barin ʻmasterʼ is translated as gnӓdiger Herr — milostivyy gosudar’ ʻdear sirʼ. In some cases differences in the German text can be considered a translator’s decision influenced by his perception of the plot and a nature of characters, which manifests in, for instance, using a different mood in translation or other means of expressing modality. The article describes some features of etiquette formulas inherent to the Russian-speaking culture of the 19th century and analyzes ways in which the means of expressing politeness are rendered in German translation as well as their appropriateness.
SPEECH CULTURE: STRATEGIES FOR SPEECH REGULATION AND MANEUVERING IN THE HISTORY OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baeva Galina A.
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the normative, communicative and aesthetic aspects of the concept of culture of speech and politeness in the history of the German language. Ideas about the effectiveness, relevance, politeness and correctness of speech, implemented in the communicative practice of speakers of distant epochs, can be obtained from various sources. This makes it possible to reconstruct certain norms of speech behavior in action and trace the principles and rules of social communication, their changes over the centuries and determine strategies for speech regulation and maneuvering, because politeness initially performed the function of coding social belonging and hierarchy. The article focuses on the period of the court knightly culture of the Middle Ages, as well as the culture of speech in the aristocratic society of the Baroque era and the “gallant period” of the 18th century, carried out through language regulation and maneuvering. The system of markers of polite speech behavior (various pronouns, performative verbs, modal verbs, constructions of indirect polite distancing, etc.) is already formed in the Middle German language, but in the future it is subject to revision depending on the socio-cultural guidelines of society (the influence of French culture and language) and expands by increasing primarily artificial politeness in the form of mannered and ceremonial expressions, devoid of sincerity and truthfulness. The article shows that the communicative norms of polite speech behavior are determined by sociolinguistic and cognitive factors and reflect the state of speech culture and the development of the German language at a particular stage of society development.
SPEECH FORMULA OF ETIQUETTE IN THE CARNIVAL PLAYS OF HANS SACHS AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nifontova Daria E.
Published: June 2024

The article aims to study the form and functions of some etiquette speech formulas in Early New High German. On the material Hans Sachs’s carnival play Das Narrenscheyden (Cure of Fools, 1557) from the standpoint of speech etiquette, the cases of using addresses, greetings, farewells, requests, advice, etc. are analyzed. The methodological basis is determined by the theoretical position of historical pragmatic linguistics of the potential possibility of using old texts as a source of linguistic material. The article presents for the first time the specificity of the use of speech formulas of etiquette in the works of H. Sachs in the aspect of their translation into modern Russian. Particular attention is paid to the features of the genre of Shrovetide plays, as well as to the problem of translating of Knittelvers, traditionally aligned in Russian into iambic tetrameter. The article notes the role of H. Sachs as one of the first authors of his time, who consistently assigned linguistic features of social differentiation to the speech of the characters. In this regard, an attempt is made to trace the variability of etiquette speech formulas depending on the situation of speech interaction. In addition to thе main functions of etiquette formulas, regulatory and characterizing functions are distinguished (etiquette speech formulas as markers of the development of dramatic action and means of creating character images). The obtained results contribute to the study of the features of speech interaction, presented on the basis of texts from distant eras and their translations.