bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Pragmatic Lifestyle Intervention for Reducing Body Mass in Obese Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Moss James , Tew Garry Alan , Copeland Robert James , Stout Martin , Billings Catherine Grant , Saxton John Michael , Winter Edward Mitchell , Bianchi Stephen Mark
Published: July 2014

This study investigated the effects of a pragmatic lifestyle intervention in obese adults with continuous positive airway pressure-treated obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Sixty patients were randomised 1 : 1 to either a 12-week lifestyle intervention or an advice-only control group. The intervention involved supervised exercise sessions, dietary advice, and the promotion of lifestyle behaviour change using cognitive-behavioural techniques. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (week 0), intervention end-point (week 13), and follow-up (week 26). The primary outcome was 13-week change in body mass. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, blood-borne biomarkers, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life. At end-point, the intervention group exhibited small reductions in body mass (−1.8 [−3.0, −0.5] kg;P=0.007) and body fat percentage (−1 [−2, 0]%;P=0.044) and moderate improvements in C-reactive protein (−1.3 [−2.4, −0.2] mg·L−1;P=0.028) and exercise capacity (95 [50, 139] m;P<0.001). At follow-up, changes in body mass (−2.0 [−3.5, −0.5] kg;P=0.010), body fat percentage (−1 [−2, 0]%;P=0.033), and C-reactive protein (−1.3 [−2.5, −0.1] mg·L−1;P=0.037) were maintained and exercise capacity was further improved (132 [90, 175] m;P<0.001). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01546792.
Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Dysfunctional Eating among Patients Admitted for Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gade Hege , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Friborg Oddgeir
Published: July 2014

Objective.To examine whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) alleviates dysfunctional eating (DE) patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression in morbidly obese patients planned for bariatric surgery.Design and Methods. A total of 98 (68 females) patients with a mean (SD) age of 43 (10) years and BMI 43.5 (4.9) kg/m2were randomly assigned to a CBT-group or a control group receiving usual care (i.e., nutritional support and education). The CBT-group received ten weekly intervention sessions. DE, anxiety, and depression were assessed by the TFEQ R-21 and HADS, respectively.Results.Compared with controls, the CBT-patients showed significantly less DE, affective symptoms, and a larger weight loss at follow-up. The effect sizes were large (DE-cognitive restraint,g=-.92,P≤.001; DE-uncontrolled eating,g=-.90,P≤.001), moderate (HADS-depression,g=-.73,P≤.001; DE-emotional eating,g=-.67,P≤.001; HADS-anxiety,g=-.62,P=.003), and low (BMI,g=-.24,P=.004).Conclusion.This study supports the use of CBT in helping patients preparing for bariatric surgery to reduce DE and to improve mental health. This clinical trial is registered withNCT01403558.
The Need for Orthodontic Treatment among Vietnamese School Children and Young Adults
Authors: Nguyen Son Minh , Nguyen Minh Khac , Saag Mare , Jagomagi Triin
Published: July 2014

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment among 12-year-old school children and 18-year-olds from Da Nang, Vietnam.Basic Research Design. A random representative sample of 200 12-year-old children from primary schools in Da Nang city was gathered. In addition, 200 18-year-old students were randomly selected from among the 4000 students studying at Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Vietnam. All the subjects were evaluated according to Angle’s molar relationship, the presence of malocclusion, and the components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (Dental Health Component, DHC, and Aesthetic Component, AC).Results. The DHC of index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) for 12-year-olds was in 60% of casesno or little, in 21% of casesmoderate, and in 19% of casesdefinitive, while the prevalence of moderate and definitive need for treatment among the 18-year-olds was 24% and 30.5%, respectively. The prevalence of class III malocclusion, contact point displacement, and crossbite was higher in 18-year-olds than among the 12-year-olds, while the prevalence of increased overjet and increased overbite had decreased in 18-year-olds compared to the group of 12-year-olds.Conclusions. There is a strong need for orthodontic treatment in Vietnam’s population. The need for orthodontic treatment was determined by contact point displacement, crossbite, increased overjet, and increased overbite.
A Review of Bioactive Release from Nerve Conduits as a Neurotherapeutic Strategy for Neuronal Growth in Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Ramburrun Poornima , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E. , Bijukumar Divya , du Toit Lisa C. , Pillay Viness
Published: July 2014

Peripheral nerve regeneration strategies employ the use of polymeric engineered nerve conduits encompassed with components of a delivery system. This allows for the controlled and sustained release of neurotrophic growth factors for the enhancement of the innate regenerative capacity of the injured nerves. This review article focuses on the delivery of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and the importance of the parameters that control release kinetics in the delivery of optimal quantities of NTFs for improved therapeutic effect and prevention of dose dumping. Studies utilizing various controlled-release strategies, in attempt to obtain ideal release kinetics, have been reviewed in this paper. Release strategies discussed include affinity-based models, crosslinking techniques, and layer-by-layer technologies. Currently available synthetic hollow nerve conduits, an alternative to the nerve autografts, have proven to be successful in the bridging and regeneration of primarily the short transected nerve gaps in several patient cases. However, current research emphasizes on the development of more advanced nerve conduits able to simulate the effectiveness of the autograft which includes, in particular, the ability to deliver growth factors.
A Study on the Morphology of a Dispersed Particle Gel Used as a Profile Control Agent for Improved Oil Recovery
Authors: You Qing , Tang Yongchun , Dai Caili , Zhao Mingwei , Zhao Fulin
Published: July 2014

To achieve in-depth profile control of injection water and improve oil recovery, a new profile control agent, termed as dispersed particle gel (DPG), has been developed and reported. In this paper, the morphology of DPG and the factors that influence its morphology are systematically investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM studies show that DPG is composed of small pseudospherical particles and that their sizes can be controlled by adjusting the shearing rate, the initial polymer mass concentration, and the salinity. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is used to study the effects of the initial polymer mass concentration, the shearing rate, the salinity, and the high-temperature aging on the particle size of DPG. The aggregation ability of DPG is explained using the DLVO theory and space stability theory. This work provides a scientific basis and technical support for the formula design of DPG and its application in the oil and gas field.
Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge and Physical Fitness in Semiprofessional Soccer Players
Authors: Nikolaidis P. T. , Theodoropoulou E.
Published: July 2014

Whereas nutrition has a crucial role on sport performance, it is not clear to what extent nutrition knowledge is associated with physical fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the current level of nutrition knowledge of soccer players and whether this level is associated with physical fitness. Soccer players (n=185, aged21.3±4.9 yr, weight72.3±8.4 kg, and height177.5±6.4 cm) performed a battery of physical fitness tests (sit-and-reach test, SAR; physical working capacity in heart rate 170, PWC170; and Wingate anaerobic test, WAnT) and completed an 11-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NKQ). Low to moderate Pearson correlations (0.15<r<0.34,p<0.05) of NKQ with age, weight, height, fat free mass (FFM), SAR, peak power, and mean power of WAnT were observed. Soccer players with high score in NKQ were older (4.4 yr (2.2; 6.6), mean difference (95% confidence intervals)) and heavier (4.5 kg (0.6; 8.3)) with higher FFM (4.0 kg (1.1; 6.8)) and peak power (59 W (2; 116)) than their counterparts with low score. The moderate score in the NKQ suggests that soccer players should be targeted for nutrition education. Although the association between NKQ and physical fitness was low to moderate, there were indications that better nutrition knowledge might result in higher physical fitness and, consequently, soccer performance.
Systematic Review Shows Only Few Reliable Studies of Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents
Authors: Soares Nara Michelle Moura , Leão Arley Santos , Santos Josivan Rosa , Monteiro Glauber Rocha , Santos Jorge Rollemberg dos , Thomazzi Sara Maria , Silva Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Several studies have pointed to the high prevalence of low levels of physical activity in adolescents, suggesting the need for more effective interventions for this group. The aim of this study was to present evidence of intervention programs for efficacy of physical activity for adolescents.Methods. Surveys in PubMed, SportDiscus, LiLacs, and SciELO databases were conducted using keywords to identify population, intervention, and outcome, as well as DeCS and MeSH terms in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, whenever appropriate. The review included observational studies with minimal intervention of six months, minimum sample size of 100 adolescents, written in any language, and those who have reached STROBE score greater than 70%.Results. Only seven studies met all inclusion criteria. Of these, five were pre- and postintervention and two hadn>2000participants. Interventions were of several types, durations, and strategies for physical activity implementation. Behavior change was assessed in 43% of studies and three reported success in some way.Conclusion. Due to heterogeneity in their contents and methodologies, as well as the lack of jobs that accompany adolescents after the intervention period, one cannot draw conclusions about the actual effects of the intervention programs of physical activity on the behavior of young people.
Spinal Hydatidosis Relapse: A Case Report
Authors: Fiori Roberto , Coco Irene , Nezzo Marco , Kabunda Gisèle , Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Fraioli Mario Francesco , Simonetti Giovanni
Published: July 2014

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of theEchinococcus granulosusand the most common sites affected are the liver and lung in approximately 80–90% of cases. The hydatid bone represents the 0.5–2.5% of all cases and localization cord is present about 50% of the time. This benign and commonly asymptomatic disease may simulate an aggressive malignancy because of osseous destruction and aggressive extension. We report a case of a 42-year-old male patient, presented with an unusual spinal hydatidosis relapse, related to anthelmintic drug therapy withdrawal after 10-year treatment. The man had previous excision of chest and hepatic hydatid cysts (resp., 10 and 3 years ago) and after primary mediastinal and spinal involvement (3 years ago) he was lost to follow-up and discontinued drug therapy. The patient underwent surgery and the postoperative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient recovered with no complications. Despite significant progress in diagnostic imaging, pharmacological and surgical therapy, spinal CE remains associated with high morbidity.
Immunologic Biomarkers for Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Psoriasis
Authors: Cordiali-Fei P. , Bianchi L. , Bonifati C. , Trento E. , Ruzzetti M. , Francesconi F. , Bultrini S. , D’Agosto G. , Bordignon V. , Francavilla V. , Tripiciano A. , Chiricozzi A. , Campione E. , Cavallotti C. , Orlandi A. , Berardesca E. , Di Carlo A. , Chimenti S. , Ensoli F.
Published: July 2014

Background. The therapeutic management of psoriasis includes conventional treatments as well as the new generation of highly effective TNF-αinhibitors. However, psoriasis has proven to be a complex therapeutic challenge and treatment failures are not uncommon. Thus, laboratory biomarkers of disease progression/therapeutic efficacy may greatly help in the clinical management of psoriasis.Aims. To identify laboratory biomarkers for clinical management and therapeutic monitoring of psoriasis.Methods. An observational study performed on 59 patients, presenting moderate to severe psoriasis, undergoing treatment with anti-TNF-αagents (etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab). Soluble and cellular immune/inflammatory parameters were assessed at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.Results. Clinical efficacy was achieved in 88% of the subjects at 12 weeks, reaching 90% after 24 weeks. IL-6 and IL-22, which were elevated at baseline, were significantly reduced, in association with a significant decrease of CLA+ T cells and an increase of Treg lymphocytes. T, B, and NK cell subsets and T cell response to recall antigens did not show any evidence of immune suppression.Conclusions. Immune/inflammatory parameters including IL-6 and IL-22, CLA+ T cells, and Treg lymphocytes may prove to be valuable laboratory tools for the clinical and therapeutic monitoring of psoriasis.
Clinical Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Jeong D. U. , Lee C.-R. , Lee J. H. , Pak J. , Kang L.-W. , Jeong B. C. , Lee S. H.
Published: July 2014

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a blood derivative with high concentrations of platelets, has been found to have high levels of autologous growth factors (GFs), such as transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblastic growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). These GFs and other biological active proteins of PRP can promote tissue healing through the regulation of fibrosis and angiogenesis. Moreover, PRP is considered to be safe due to its autologous nature and long-term usage without any reported major complications. Therefore, PRP therapy could be an option in treating overused tendon damage such as chronic tendinopathy. Here, we present a systematic review highlighting the clinical effectiveness of PRP injection therapy in patellar tendinopathy, which is a major cause of athletes to retire from their respective careers.
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy with Atypical Findings
Authors: Karagiannis Dimitrios , Kontadakis Georgios A. , Kandarakis Artemios S. , Markomichelakis Nikolaos , Georgalas Ilias , Parikakis Efstratios A. , Kabanarou Stamatina A.
Published: July 2014

Background. To report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) with atypical electrophysiology findings.Case Presentation. A 23-year-old-female presented with visual acuity deterioration in her right eye accompanied by photopsia bilaterally. Corrected distance visual acuity at presentation was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Fundus examination was unremarkable. Visual field (VF) testing revealed a large scotoma. Pattern and full-field electroretinograms (PERG and ERG) revealed macular involvement associated with generalized retinal dysfunction. Electrooculogram (EOG) light rise and the Arden ratio were within normal limits bilaterally. The patient was diagnosed with AZOOR due to clinical findings, visual field defect, and ERG findings.Conclusion. This is a case of AZOOR with characteristic VF defects and clinical symptoms presenting with atypical EOG findings.
HLA-G as a Tolerogenic Molecule in Transplantation and Pregnancy
Authors: Rebmann Vera , da Silva Nardi Fabiola , Wagner Bettina , Horn Peter A.
Published: July 2014

HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule. In allogeneic situations such as pregnancy or allograft transplantation, the expression of HLA-G has been related to a better acceptance of the fetus or the allograft. Thus, it seems that HLA-G is crucially involved in mechanisms shaping an allogeneic immune response into tolerance. In this contribution we focus on (i) how HLA-G is involved in transplantation and human reproduction, (ii) how HLA-G is regulated by genetic and microenvironmental factors, and (iii) how HLA-G can offer novel perspectives with respect to therapy.
Dynamics of an Almost Periodic Food Chain System with Impulsive Effects
Authors: Li Yaqin , Wu Wenquan , Zhang Tianwei
Published: July 2014

In order to obtain a more accurate description of the ecological system perturbed by human exploitation activities such as planting and harvesting, we need to consider the impulsive differential equations. Therefore, by applying the comparison theorem and the Lyapunov method of the impulsive differential equations, this paper gives some new sufficient conditions for the permanence and existence of a unique uniformly asymptotically stable positive almost periodic solution in a food chain system with almost periodic impulsive perturbations. The method used in this paper provides a possible method to study the permanence and existence of a unique uniformly asymptotically stable positive almost periodic solution of the models with impulsive perturbations in biological populations. Finally, an example and numerical simulations are given to illustrate that our results are feasible.
Radixin Enhances Colon Cancer Cell Invasion by Increasing MMP-7 Production via Rac1-ERK Pathway
Authors: Jiang Qi-Hong , Wang Ai-Xiang , Chen Yan
Published: July 2014

As a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family, radixin is overexpressed in many tumor tissues. However, little is known about its role in the progression of colon cancer. So we here aimed to determine the function of radixin in colon cancer cell invasion. Interestingly, we found that the expression of radixin was significantly elevated in colon cancer cells. Knockdown of radixin suppressed the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. Further, knockdown of radixin inhibited the activation of Rac1 and ERK1/2, and decreased the expression and secretion of MMP-7. In addition, Rac1-ERK signaling pathway was required for the radixin-promoted invasion and MMP-7 production. Together, our findings suggest that radixin enhances the invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. Activation of Rac1-ERK pathway and consequent upregulation of MMP-7 production may contribute to the function of radixin in the regulation of colon cancer cell invasion. Thus, radixin may act as a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
The Role of IL-33 in Host Response toCandida albicans
Authors: Rodríguez-Cerdeira C. , Lopez-Bárcenas A. , Sánchez-Blanco B. , Arenas R.
Published: July 2014

Background. Interleukin (IL) 33 is a recently identified pleiotropic cytokine that influences the activity of multiple cell types and orchestrates complex innate and adaptive immune responses.Methods. We performed an extensive review of the literature published between 2005 and 2013 on IL-33 and related cytokines, their functions, and their regulation of the immune system followingCandida albicanscolonization. Our literature review included cross-references from retrieved articles and specific data from our own studies.Results. IL-33 (IL-1F11) is a recently identified member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. Accumulating evidence suggests a pivotal role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in host immune defense against fungal pathogens, includingC. albicans. IL-33 induces a Th2-type inflammatory response and activates both innate and adaptive immunity. Studies in animal models have shown that Th2 inflammatory responses have a beneficial role in immunity against gastrointestinal and systemic infections byCandidaspp.Conclusions. This review summarizes the most important clinical studies and case reports describing the beneficial role of IL-33 in immunity and host defense mechanisms against pathogenic fungi. The finding that the IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in therapeutic target has implications for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases, including acute or chronic candidiasis.
High Molecular Weight Proteins ofTrypanosoma cruziReduce Cross-Reaction withLeishmaniaspp. in Serological Diagnosis Tests
Authors: Cervantes-Landín Alejandra Yunuen , Martínez Ignacio , Schabib Muslim , Espinoza Bertha
Published: July 2014

Chagas disease is caused by the parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi. Because of its distribution throughout Latin America, sometimes it can overlap with other parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, caused byLeishmaniaspp. This might represent a problem when performing serological diagnosis, because both parasites share antigens, resulting in cross-reactions. In the present work we evaluated Mexican sera samples: 83.8% of chagasic patients recognized at least one antigen of high molecular weight (>95 kDa) when evaluated by Western blot. Proteins of 130 kDa and 160 kDa are predominantly being recognized by asymptomatic chagasic patients. When the proteins were extracted using Triton X-100 detergent, a larger number of specificT. cruziproteins were obtained. This protein fraction can be used to increase specificity to 100% in Western blot assays without losing sensitivity of the test. High molecular weight proteins ofT. cruziinclude glycoproteins with a great amount ofαMan (α-mannose),αGlc (α-glucose), GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine), andαGal (α-galactose) content and these structures play an essential role in antigens recognition by antibodies present in patients’ sera.
The Nonglycemic Actions of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Kim Na-Hyung , Yu Taeyang , Lee Dae Ho
Published: July 2014

A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position. Two important incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), enhance meal-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreaticβ-cells, but are inactivated by DPP-4. Diabetes and hyperglycemia increase the DPP-4 protein level and enzymatic activity in blood and tissues. In addition, multiple other functions of DPP-4 suggest that DPP-4 inhibitor, a new class of antidiabetic agents, may have pleiotropic effects. Studies have shown that DPP-4 itself is involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway, the stimulation of vascular smooth cell proliferation, and the stimulation of oxidative stress in various cells. DPP-4 inhibitor ameliorates these pathophysiologic processes and has been shown to have cardiovascular protective effects in bothin vitroandin vivoexperiments. However, in recent randomized clinical trials, DPP-4 inhibitor therapy in high risk patients with type 2 diabetes did not show cardiovascular protective effects. Some concerns on the actions of DPP-4 inhibitor include sympathetic activation and neuropeptide Y-mediated vascular responses. Further studies are required to fully characterize the cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibitor.
Does Pulsed Magnetic Field Therapy Influence Nerve Regeneration in the Median Nerve Model of the Rat?
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Benedicta E. , Lamia Androniki , Geuna Stefano , Fregnan Federica , Smeets Ralf , Becker Stephan T. , Sinis Nektarios
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pulsed magnetic field therapy on peripheral nerve regeneration after median nerve injury and primary coaptation in the rat. Both median nerves were surgically exposed and denervated in 24 female Wistar rats. A microsurgical coaptation was performed on the right side, whereas on the left side a spontaneous healing was prevented. The study group underwent a daily pulsed magnetic field therapy; the other group served as a control group. The grasping force was recorded 2 weeks after the surgical intervention for a period of 12 weeks. The right median nerve was excised and histologically examined. The histomorphometric data and the functional assessments were analyzed byt-test statistics and one-way ANOVA. One-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant influence of group affiliation and grasping force(P=0.0078). Grasping strength was higher on a significant level in the experimental group compared to the control group permanently from the 9th week to the end of the study.T-test statistics revealed a significantly higher weight of the flexor digitorum sublimis muscle(P=0.0385)in the experimental group. The histological evaluation did not reveal any statistically significant differences concerning the histomorphometric parameters. Our results suggest that the pulsed magnetic field therapy has a positive influence on the functional aspects of neural regeneration. More studies are needed to precisely evaluate and optimize the intensity and duration of the application.
Ischemic Retinopathy and Neovascular Proliferation Secondary to Severe Head Injury
Authors: Coban-Karatas Muge , Altan-Yaycioglu Rana
Published: July 2014

We report a case with severe head trauma and perforating globe injury in one eye and ischemic retinopathy and neovascular proliferation in the other eye. A 37-year-old male was brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident with severe maxillofacial trauma. Ophthalmic examination revealed hematoma of the left eyelids as well as traumatic rupture and disorganization of the left globe. On the right eye, anterior segment and fundoscopic examination were normal. Primary globe repair was performed. At postoperative one-month visit, the right eye revealed no pathology of the optic disc and macula but severe neovascularization in the temporal peripheral retina. The patient was diagnosed as ischemic retinopathy and neovascular proliferation due to head trauma.
Investigation of Contemporary Performance Measurement Systems for Production Management of Renovation Projects
Authors: Singh Yash , Abdelhamid Tariq , Mrozowski Tim , El-Gafy Mohamed A.
Published: July 2014

Renovation projects exhibit complex characteristics due to the presence of constraints that lead to cost and schedule overruns. Numerous researchers have concluded that the performance of renovation projects is typically lower than that of new construction projects. This paper discusses the initial phases of a research conducted at Michigan State University, which focused on developing a framework for production management of renovation projects. The emphasis of this paper is on the findings from literature review and interviews, pertinent to performance measurement in renovation projects that led to the framework development. However, the framework development and the framework itself have not been discussed. This paper primarily addresses two questions: (1) what are the complexities of renovation projects that lead to underperformance in cost, time, and quality? and (2) what are the limitations of state-of-the-art construction performance measurement systems for managing production in renovation projects? Interviews of 10 construction companies were conducted to identify current practices of production management in renovation projects. This research observed a lack of a formal production management process in renovation projects, with a limited use of performance measurement systems. The research identified essential attributes for avoiding schedule and cost overruns on renovation projects.
Process Parameter Identification in Thin Film Flows Driven by a Stretching Surface
Authors: Panda Satyananda , Sellier Mathieu , Fernando M. C. S. , Abeyratne M. K.
Published: July 2014

The flow of a thin liquid film over a heated stretching surface is considered in this study. Due to a potential nonuniform temperature distribution on the stretching sheet, a temperature gradient occurs in the fluid which produces surface tension gradient at the free surface of the thin film. As a result, the free surface deforms and these deformations are advected by the flow in the stretching direction. This work focuses on the inverse problem of reconstructing the sheet temperature distribution and the sheet stretch rate from observed free surface variations. This work builds on the analysis of Santra and Dandapat (2009) who, based on the long-wave expansion of the Navier-Stokes equations, formulate a partial differential equation which describes the evolution of the thickness of a film over a nonisothermal stretched surface. In this work, we show that after algebraic manipulation of a discrete form of the governing equations, it is possible to reconstruct either the unknown temperature field on the sheet and hence the resulting heat transfer or the stretching rate of the underlying surface. We illustrate the proposed methodology and test its applicability on a range of test problems.
Perceptions on Barriers to the Use of Burnt Clay Bricks for Housing Construction
Authors: Baiden Bernard K. , Agyekum Kofi , Ofori-Kuragu Joseph K.
Published: July 2014

Burnt clay bricks can be readily manufactured in Ghana as all ten regions have significant clay deposits with the Ashanti region having the highest estimated deposit of 37.1 million metric tonnes. In recent times, burnt clay bricks have been regarded as old fashioned and replaced by other perceived modern walling units within Kumasi, the metropolitan capital of Ashanti Region, despite its availability, unique advantages (aesthetics, low maintenance cost, etc.), and structural and nonstructural properties. This study involved a questionnaire survey of 85 respondents made up of architects, brick manufacturing firms, and brick house owners or occupants in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana and sought to examine their perceptions on barriers to the use of burnt clay bricks for housing construction. The findings revealed that the key factors inhibiting the use of burnt clay bricks for housing construction are low material demand, excessive cost implications, inappropriate use in construction, noncompatibility of burnt clay bricks with other materials, unreliable production, and transportation problems. The findings however provide a platform for stakeholders to address the barriers to enable the extensive use of clay bricks in housing constructions.
A New Extended Soft Intersection Set toM,N-SIImplicative Fitters ofBL-Algebras
Authors: Zhan Jianming , Liu Qi , Kim Hee Sik
Published: July 2014

Molodtsov’s soft set theory provides a general mathematical framework for dealing with uncertainty. The concepts of(M,N)-SIimplicative (Boolean) filters ofBL-algebras are introduced. Some good examples are explored. The relationships between(M,N)-SIfilters and(M,N)-SIimplicative filters are discussed. Some properties of(M,N)-SIimplicative (Boolean) filters are investigated. In particular, we show that(M,N)-SIimplicative filters and(M,N)-SIBoolean filters are equivalent.
A Priori Error Estimates of Mixed Finite Element Methods for General Linear Hyperbolic Convex Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Lu Zuliang , Huang Xiao
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work is to investigate the discretization of general linear hyperbolic convex optimal control problems by using the mixed finite element methods. The state and costate are approximated by thekorder (k≥0) Raviart-Thomas mixed finite elements and the control is approximated by piecewise polynomials of orderk. By applying the elliptic projection operators and Gronwall’s lemma, we derive a priori error estimates of optimal order for both the coupled state and the control approximation.
Functional Carbon Nanotube/Mesoporous Carbon/MnO2 Hybrid Network for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Tao Tao , Zhang Ling , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: July 2014

A functional carbon nanotube/mesoporous carbon/MnO2 hybrid network has been developed successfully through a facile route. The resulting composites exhibited a high specific capacitance of 351 F/g at 1 A g−1, with intriguing charge/discharge rate performance and cycling stability due to a synergistic combination of large surface area and excellent electron‐transport capabilities of MnO2 with the good conductivity of the carbon nanotube/mesoporous carbon networks. Such composite shows great potential to be used as electrodes for supercapacitors.
IL-17 Genetic and Immunophenotypic Evaluation in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Resende Renata Gonçalves , Correia-Silva Jeane de Fátima , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Salomão Ulisses Eliezer , Marques-Silva Luciano , Vieira Érica Leandro Marciano , Dutra Walderez Ornelas , Gomez Ricardo Santiago
Published: July 2014

Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a recently discovered cytokine associated with several autoimmune diseases, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was not established yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the association ofIL17AandIL17Fgenes polymorphisms and IL-17A and IL-17F levels with cGVHD. IL-17A expression was also investigated in CD4+T cells of patients with systemic cGVHD. For Part I of the study, fifty-eight allo-HSCT recipients and donors were prospectively studied. Blood samples were obtained to determineIL17AandIL17Fgenes polymorphisms. Cytokines levels in blood and saliva were assessed by ELISA at days +35 and +100 after HSCT. In Part II, for the immunophenotypic evaluation, eight patients with systemic cGVHD were selected and the expression of IL-17A was evaluated. We found association between recipientAAgenotype with systemic cGVHD. No association was observed between IL-17A levels and cGVHD. Lower IL-17A levels in the blood were associated withAAgenotype. In flow cytometry analysis, decreased expression of IL-17A was observed in patients with cGVHD after stimulation. In conclusion, IL-17A may have an important role in the development of systemic cGVHD.
Protective Effects of Quercetin against Dimethoate-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium sativum Test
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Shaikh Sibhghatulla , Nazam Nazia , Lone Mohammad Iqbal
Published: July 2014

The present investigation was directed to study the possible protective activity of quercetin—a natural antioxidant against dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in meristematic cells of Allium sativum. So far there is no report on the biological properties of quercetin in plant test systems. Chromosome breaks, multipolar anaphase, stick chromosome, and mitotic activity were undertaken in the current study as markers of cyto- and genotoxicity. Untreated control, quercetin controls (@ 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL for 3 h), and dimethoate exposed groups (@ 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h) were maintained. For protection against cytogenotoxicity, the root tip cells treated with dimethoate at 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h and quercetin treatment at 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL for 16 h, prior to dimethoate treatment, were undertaken. Quercetin was found to be neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in Allium sativum control at these doses. A significant increase P<0.05 in chromosomal aberrations was noted in dimethoate treated Allium. Pretreatment of Allium sativum with quercetin significantly P<0.05 reduced dimethoate-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in meristematic cells, and these effects were dose dependent. In conclusion, quercetin has a protective role in the abatement of dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in the meristematic cells of Allium sativum that resides, at least in part, on its antioxidant effects.
Gene Delivery Potential of Biofunctional Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles in Lungs
Authors: Alhaji Suleiman Yusuf , Chowdhury Ezharul Houque , Rosli Rozita , Hassan Fatma , Abdullah Syahril
Published: July 2014

Existing nonviral gene delivery systems to lungs are inefficient and associated with dose limiting toxicity in mammalian cells. Therefore, carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) nanoparticles were examined as an alternative strategy for effective gene delivery to the lungs. This study aimed to (1) assess the gene delivery efficiency of CO3Apin vitroand in mouse lungs, (2) evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of CO3Ap/pDNAin vitro, and (3) characterize the CO3Ap/pDNA complex formulations. A significantly high level of reporter gene expression was detected from the lung cell line transfected with CO3Ap/pDNA complex prepared in both serum and serum-free medium. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that the percentage of the viable cells treated with CO3Ap to be almost similar to the untreated cells. Characterization analyses showed that the CO3Ap/pDNA complexes are in a nanometer range with aggregated spherical structures and tended to be more negatively charged. In the lung of mice, highest level of transgene expression was observed when CO3Ap (8 μL) was complexed with 40 μg of pDNA at day 1 after administration. Although massive reduction of gene expression was seen beyond day 1 post administration, the level of expression remained significant throughout the study period.
Upregulation of Transglutaminase andε(γ-Glutamyl)-Lysine in the Fisher-Lewis Rat Model of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
Authors: Shrestha Badri , Butt Imran , Da Silva Michelle , Sanchez-Lara Armando , Wagner Bart , Raftery Andrew , Johnson Timothy , Haylor John
Published: July 2014

Background. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a cross-linking enzyme, modulates deposition of extracellular matrix protein in renal fibrosis. This study aimed to examine TG2 and its cross-link productε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine in the Fisher-Lewis rat renal transplantation (RTx) model of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).Materials and Methods. Left renal grafts from male Fisher and Lewis were transplanted into Lewis rats, generating allografts and isografts, respectively. Blood pressure, renal function, and proteinuria were monitored for up to 52 weeks. At termination, CAN was assessed in the renal tissue by light and electron microscopy, TG2 andε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine by immunofluorescence, and the urinaryε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine by high performance liquid chromatography.Results. Compared to the isograft, the allografts were hypertensive, proteinuric, and uraemic and developed CAN. Extracellular TG2 (glomerulus:64.55±17.61versus2.11±0.17,P<0.001; interstitium:13.72±1.62versus3.19±0.44,P<0.001),ε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine (glomerulus:21.74±2.71versus1.98±0.37,P<0.01; interstitium:37.96±17.06versus0.42±0.11,P<0.05), TG2 enzyme activity (1.09±0.13versus0.41±0.03 nmol/h/mg protein,P<0.05), TG2 mRNA (20-fold rise), and urinaryε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine (534.2±198.4 nmol/24 h versus57.2±4.1 nmol/24 h,P<0.05) levels were significantly elevated in the allografts and showed a positive linear correlation with tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Conclusion. CAN was associated with upregulation of renal TG2 pathway, which has a potential for pharmacological intervention. The elevated urinaryε(γ-glutamyl)-lysine, measured for the first time in RTx, is a potential biomarker of CAN.
IOL Power Calculation after Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: De Bernardo Maddalena , Capasso Luigi , Caliendo Luisa , Paolercio Francesco , Rosa Nicola
Published: July 2014

Purpose. To describe the different formulas that try to overcome the problem of calculating the intraocular lens (IOL) power in patients that underwent corneal refractive surgery (CRS).Methods. A Pubmed literature search review of all published articles, on keyword associated with IOL power calculation and corneal refractive surgery, as well as the reference lists of retrieved articles, was performed.Results. A total of 33 peer reviewed articles dealing with methods that try to overcome the problem of calculating the IOL power in patients that underwent CRS were found. According to the information needed to try to overcome this problem, the methods were divided in two main categories: 18 methods were based on the knowledge of the patient clinical history and 15 methods that do not require such knowledge. The first group was further divided into five subgroups based on the parameters needed to make such calculation.Conclusion. In the light of our findings, to avoid postoperative nasty surprises, we suggest using only those methods that have shown good results in a large number of patients, possibly by averaging the results obtained with these methods.
Calvatia nodulata, a New Gasteroid Fungus from Brazilian Semiarid Region
Authors: Alfredo Dônis da Silva , Rodrigues Ana Clarissa Moura , Baseia Iuri Goulart
Published: July 2014

Studies carried out in tropical rain forest enclaves in semiarid region of Brazil revealed a new species ofCalvatia. The basidiomata were collected during the rainy season of 2009 and 2012 in two states of Northeast Brazil. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were based on dried basidiomata with the aid of light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Calvatia nodulatais recognized by its pyriform to turbinate basidiomata, exoperidium granulose to pilose and not persistent, subgleba becoming hollow at maturity, nodulose capillitium, and punctate basidiospores (3–5 μm). Detailed description, taxonomic comments, and illustrations with photographs and drawings are provided.
Investigation of Hepatic Blood Perfusion by Laser Speckle Imaging and Changes of Hepatic Vasoactive Substances in Mice after Electroacupuncture
Authors: Song Xiao-jing , Zhang Dong , Wang Shu-you , Li Shun-yue
Published: July 2014

The study was conducted to observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on hepatic blood perfusion (HBP) and vascular regulation. We investigated 60 male anesthetized mice under the following 3 conditions: without EA stimulation (control group); EA stimulation at Zusanli (ST36 group); EA stimulation at nonacupoint (NA group) during 30 min. The HBP was measured using the laser speckle perfusion imaging (LSPI). The level of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), and noradrenaline (NE) in liver tissue was detected by biochemical methods. Results were as follows. At each time point, HBP increase in ST36 group was higher than that in the NA group in anesthetized mice. HBP gradually decreased during 30 min in control group. The level of NO in ST36 group was higher than that in NA group. The level of both ET‐1 and NE was the highest in control group, followed by NA group and ST36 group. It is concluded that EA at ST36 could increase HBP possibly by increasing the blood flow velocity (BFV), changing vascular activity, increasing the level of NO, and inhibiting the level of ET‐1 in liver tissue.
Further Results on Dynamic Additive Hazard Rate Model
Authors: Zhang Zhengcheng , Zhang Limin
Published: July 2014

In the past, the proportional and additive hazard rate models have been investigated in the works. Nanda and Das (2011) introduced and studied the dynamic proportional (reversed) hazard rate model. In this paper we study the dynamic additive hazard rate model, and investigate its aging properties for different aging classes. The closure of the model under some stochastic orders has also been investigated. Some examples are also given to illustrate different aging properties and stochastic comparisons of the model.
Distributed Coordination of Fractional Dynamical Systems with Exogenous Disturbances
Authors: Yang Hongyong , Han Fujun , Liu Fei , Liu Huixia , Zhao Mei
Published: July 2014

Distributed coordination of fractional multiagent systems with external disturbances is studied. The state observer of fractional dynamical system is presented, and an adaptive pinning controller is designed for a little part of agents in multiagent systems without disturbances. This adaptive pinning controller with the state observer can ensure multiple agents′ states reaching an expected reference tracking. Based on disturbance observers, the controllers are composited with the pinning controller and the state observer. By applying the stability theory of fractional order dynamical systems, the distributed coordination of fractional multiagent systems with external disturbances can be reached asymptotically.
The Type of Fat Ingested at Breakfast Influences the Plasma Lipid Profile of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Morillas-Ruiz J. M. , Delgado-Alarcon J. M. , Rubio-Perez J. M. , Albaladejo Oton M. D.
Published: July 2014

To assess whether the type of fat ingested at breakfast can modify the plasma lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk variables in postmenopausal women at risk of cardiovascular disease, a longitudinal, randomized, and crossover study was carried out with postmenopausal women at risk of CVD. They were randomly assigned to eat each type of breakfast during one month: 6 study periods (breakfast with the same composition plus butter/margarine/virgin olive oil) separated by two washout periods. On the first and last days of each study period, weight, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index were recorded in fasting conditions and a blood sample was collected to measure plasma lipid profile. When comparing final values to baseline values, we only found out statistically significant differences on plasma lipid profiles. Butter-based breakfast increased total cholesterol and HDL, while margarine-based breakfast decreased total cholesterol and LDL and increased HDL. After the olive oil-based breakfast intake, a tendency towards a decrease of total cholesterol and LDL levels and an increase of HDL levels was observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in triglycerides levels, BMI, and arterial pressure in any breakfast type. The margarine-based breakfast was the only one which significantly increased the percentage of volunteers with optimal lipid profiles. The polyunsaturated fat at breakfast has improved the plasma lipid profile in the analyzed sample population, suggesting that PUFA-based breakfast can be advisable in women at risk of CVD.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some New Axially Ligated Indium(III) Macrocyclic Complexes and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Bajju Gauri D. , Ahmed Altaf , Gupta Deepmala , Kapahi Ashu , Devi Gita
Published: July 2014

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new axially ligated indium(III) porphyrin complexes were reported. Chloroindium(III) porphyrin (TPPIn-Cl) was obtained in good yield by treating the corresponding free base with indium trichloride. The action of the different phenols on chloroderivatives (TPPIn-Cl) led to the corresponding phenolato complexes (TPPIn-X). These derivatives were characterized on the basis of mass spectrometry,1H-NMR, IR, and UV-visible data. The separation and isolation of these derivatives have been achieved through chromatography. The spectral properties of free base porphyrin and its corresponding metallated and axially ligated indium(III) porphyrin compounds were compared with each other. A detailed analysis of UV-Vis,1H-NMR, and IR suggested the transformation from free base porphyrin to indium(III) porphyrin. Besides,13C-NMR and fluorescence spectra were also reported and interpreted. The stability of these derivatives has also been studied through thermogravimetry. The complexes were also screened for anticancerous activities. Among all the complexes, 4-MePhO-InTPP shows highest anticancerous activity. The title complexe, TPPIn-X (where X = different phenolates), represents a five-coordinate indium(III) porphyrin complex in a square-pyramidal geometry with the phenolate anion as the axial ligand.
Assessment of Electrical Load in Water Distribution Systems Using Representative Load Profiles-Based Method
Authors: Grigoras Gheorghe
Published: July 2014

The problem of optimal management of a water distribution system includes the determination of the operation regime for each hydrophore station. The optimal operation of a water distribution system means a maximum attention to assess the demands of the water, with minimum electrical energy consumption. The analysis of load profiles corresponding to a water distribution system can be the first step that water companies must make to assess the electrical energy consumption. This paper presents a new method to assess the electrical load in water distribution systems, taking into account the time-dependent evolution of loads from the hydrophore stations. The proposed method is tested on a real urban water distribution system, showing its effectiveness in obtaining the electrical energy consumption with a relatively low computational burden.