bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value Of Lymphadenectomy In Patients With Surgically Resected Grade 1 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Fei , Li Zheng , Ye Zeng , Zhuo Qifeng , Xu Wenyan , Liu Wensheng , Liu Mengqi , Fan Guixiong , Qin Yi , Zhang Yue , Chen Xuemin , Yu Xianjun , Xu Xiaowu , Ji Shunrong
Published: February 2022

Background: Although some factors that predict the prognosis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) have been confirmed, the predictive value of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in the prognosis of pNETs remains conflicting and it is not clear whether regional lymphadenectomy should be performed in all grades of tumors.Methods: We included pNET patients undergoing surgery in Shanghai pancreatic cancer institute (SHPCI). The risk factors for survival were investigated by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. We evaluated the predictors of LNM using Logistic regression.Results: For 206 patients in the SHPCI series, LNM was an independent prognostic factor for entire cohort suggested by multivariate Cox regression analysis. LNM (P = 0.002) predicted poorer overall survival (OS) in grade 2/3 cohort, but there is no significant association between LNM and OS in grade 1 cohort. Grade (P < 0.001) and size (P = 0.049) predicted LNM in entire cohort. Grade (P = 0.002) predicted LNM while regardless of size in grade 2/3 cohort. Conclusions: In grade1 tumors, LNM is not a predictor of OS, and lymphadenectomy is not recommended for these patients. In grade 2/3 tumors, LNM predict worse OS, and lymphadenectomy may bring survival benefit for these cases. Our findings indicated that lymphadenectomy should be performed in cases with grade 2/3 tumors but was not obligatory in cases with grade 1 tumors and it is reasonable to perform functional sparing surgery in patients with grade 1 tumors.
Sudden Isolated Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Transformation in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma after Complete Remission
Authors: Chen Mingfeng , Xu Jing , Ye Wencan , Li Zhenjiang , Song Yuan , Tang Aiping
Published: February 2022

Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma(SMZL) is an indolent small B cell lymphoma, the clinical course is generally slow and mild; however, a small proportion of patients can transform to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Case presentation: We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient with the diagnosis of SMZL stage IV A (Ann Arbor classification), who experienced recurrence twice during the disease course and resulted in complete remission(CR) after therapy. But nevertheless, it transformed to DLBCL with isolated abdominal mass, while the bone marrow sample revealed no neoplastic involvement in the third month after the second CR. At the first diagnosis, the patient was treated with the CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vinorelbine, pirarubicin, and dexamethasone). After recurrence, he was given four cycles of rituximab in combination with CHOP regimen (R-CHOP) and achieved CR; however, isolated extranodal abdominal DLBCL transformation occurred within three months of CR. The patient underwent an additional cycle of R-CHOP chemoimmunotherapy and the second-line R-DHAP (rituximab, cisplatin, cytarabine, and dexamethasone) chemoimmunotherapy. Finally, he died of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and shock. The next-generation sequencing results from bone marrow at first diagnosis and abdominal mass tissue showed common gene mutations in both tumors, suggesting that they were clonally related.Conclusions: We, therefore, hypothesized that SMZL had progressed to DLBCL rather than developed a second neoplasm during the disease course. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SMZL transformed to DLBCL with the abdominal mass after CR. Although its a chronic course, histologic transformation of SMZL can occur at any stage.
Community perceptions of coral reef conservation in a rural fishing village in North Bali, Indonesia.
Authors: Boakes Zach , Mahyuni Luh Putu , Stafford Richard , Cvitanovic Marin
Published: February 2022

Aside from their associated direct ecological advantages, coral reef conservation programs may also generate benefits to local communities. These communities may choose to support marine conservation programs based on multiple factors, and an increased involvement of local people often leads to positive changes in environmental behaviours. This study collected qualitative data using semi-structured interviews and multi-stakeholder focus groups on a rural fisher community in Tianyar Village, North Bali, Indonesia, where the ‘North Bali Reef Conservation’ (locally known as ‘Yowana Bhakti Segara’) coral reef conservation program was based. Results showed that generally, the community of Tianyar village was in support of the existing coral reef conservation programs, mostly due to the perceived economic prospects associated with being involved in the conservation work. Overall, the community agreed that the coral reef conservation program has led to societal and environmental benefits, which has generated positive environmental behaviours and a change in mindsets since it was established in 2017 (4 years before this study was undertaken). Based on the answers of interviewees, this study makes recommendations on how coral reef conservation in Bali (and other similar less developed nations) can increase community support, socio-economic benefits and positive environmental behaviours. These include (1) continuing environmental education for within the community, (2) strengthening regulations and improving enforcement, (3) increasing financial and logistical support for waste management and ecotourism, (4) continuing building and deploying artificial reefs, ensuring that ‘best practice’ recommendations are followed, and (5) utilising the influence of local leaders to create positive environmental behaviours.
Greater Body Fatness is Associated with Higher Protein Expression of LEPR in Breast Tumor Tissues: Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Women’s Circle of Health Study
Authors: Llanos Adana A.M. , Aremu John B. , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Chen Wenjin , Chekmareva Marina A. , Feliciano Elizabeth M. Cespedes , Qin Bo , Lin Yong , Omene Coral , Khoury Thaer , Hong Chi-Chen , Yao Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Bandera Elisa V. , Demissie Kitaw
Published: February 2022

Background
The molecular mechanisms underlying the association of overall and central body fatness with poorer breast cancer outcomes remain unclear; altered gene and/or protein expression of the adipokines and their respective receptors in the breast tumor microenvironment may play a role.
Methods
In a sample of Black and White women with primary invasive breast cancer, we investigated associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass index, and percent body fat with protein expression (log-transformed, n = 722) and gene expression (log2-transformed, n = 148) of leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2). Multivariable linear models, adjusting for race, menopausal status, and estrogen receptor status, were used to assess these associations, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
Results
In multivariable models, we found that increasing BMI (β = 0.0028, 95% CI: 0.0011, 0.0045), waist circumference (β = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0022), hip circumference (β = 0.0015, 95% CI: 0.0007, 0.0024), and fat mass index (β = 0.0041, 95% CI: 0.0015, 0.0067) were associated with higher LEPR protein expression. These findings reflect a 16.8%, 17.6%, 17.7%, 17.2% increase in LEPR protein expression for each standard deviation increase in BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and fat mass index, respectively. These associations were stronger among White and postmenopausal women and ER + cases; formal tests of interaction yielded evidence of effect modification by race. We found no associations of any measure of body fatness with LEPR gene expression or with gene or protein expression of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2.
Conclusions
These findings support an association of increased body fatness – beyond overall body size measured using BMI – with higher LEPR protein expression in breast tumor tissues. Clarifying the impact of adiposity-related adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors on long-term breast cancer outcomes is a critical next step.
Hyponatremia and hypophysitis induced by ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Hou Lingjie , Zhang Hong , Shao Yanan , Zhou Yang , Zhang Hongquan , Wang Meng
Published: February 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the prognosis of patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As the use of checkpoint inhibitors increases in a variety of malignancies, immune-related adverse effects will become more common.Case report: Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old man with advanced stage lung SCC who developed hyponatremia and hypophysitis after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. The patient underwent effective treatment with steroids, hyperosmolar therapy, and fluid restriction.Conclusion: This case highlights the potentially life-threatening complications of ICIs, and it shows that early recognition and complete evaluation are critical in clinical practice.
Case Report: Extensive Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Secondary To Surgical Resection In Castleman Disease
Authors: Hao Yuehan , Li Lei , Jin Feng , Zhang Jian , Wang Yanzhe , He Zhiyi
Published: February 2022

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease with main clinical manifestation of painless lymphadenopathy. The pathogenesis is not clear. There was a few correlation between CD and nervous system diseases. So far, extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to surgical resection in CD has not been reported.Case presentation: We presented a 24-year-old woman who suffered from anemia 3 years ago, and failed to find the cause of anemia with repeated bone punctures. The anemia was corrected after surgical resection of abdominal mass, the pathological diagnosis of which was consistent with the plasma cell type of CD. However, the patient had a severe headache on the fourth day after operation, and cranial computed tomography (CT) showed extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage, while CT angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were normal. After three weeks treatment, hemorrhage in brain was absorbed completely. She recovered and had no recurrence during our 4-year follow-up.Conclusions: Extensive SAH could occur in CD after surgical resection. The methods of intervening the rapidly increased number of intravascular red blood cells after surgical excision might reduce the occurrence of SAH in CD.
Clinical whole-genome sequencing identifies NSD3 as the correct fusion partner of NUP98 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and t(8;11)(p11.2;p15): a case report
Authors: Mojarad Bahareh A. , Crees Zachary D. , Schroeder Molly C. , Xiang Zhifu , Vader Justin , Sina Jason , Frater John , Duncavage Eric J. , Spencer David H. , Lavine Kory , Neidich Julie , Amarillo Ina
Published: February 2022

Background: Only rare cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been shown to harbor a t(8;11)(p11.2;p15.4). This translocation is believed to involve the fusion of NSD3 or FGFR1 with NUP98; however, apart from targeted mRNA quantitative PCR analysis, no molecular approaches have been utilized to define the chimeric fusions present in these rare cases.Case Presentation: Here we present the case of a 51-year-old female with AML with myelodysplastic-related morphologic changes, 13q deletion and t(8;11), where initial fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were consistent with the presence of NUP98 and FGFR1 rearrangements, and suggestive of NUP98/FGFR1 fusion. Using a streamlined clinical whole-genome sequencing approach, we resolved the breakpoints of this translocation to intron 4 of NSD3 and intron 12 of NUP98, indicating NUP98/NSD3 rearrangement as the underlying aberration. Furthermore, our approach identified small variants in WT1 and STAG2, as well as an interstitial deletion on the short arm of chromosome 12, which was cryptic in G-banded chromosomes.Conclusions: NUP98 fusions in acute leukemia are predictive of poor prognosis. The associated fusion partner and the presence of co-occurring mutations, such as WT1, further refine this prognosis with potential clinical implications. Using a clinical whole-genome sequencing analysis, we resolved t(8;11) breakpoints to NSD3 and NUP98, ruling out the involvement of FGFR1 suggested by FISH while also identifying multiple chromosomal and sequence level aberrations.
Synchronous serous carcinoma arising in adenomyosis and small cell carcinoma of ovary - pulmonary type (SCOOPT): a case report and literature review
Authors: Jing Qiuyang , He Ying
Published: February 2022

Background: Serous carcinoma arising in adenomyosis is rare, only 8 cases have been reported in the literature. Primary small cell carcinoma of ovary - pulmonary type (SCOOPT) is a rare, aggressive entity associated with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. The two malignant tumors synchronously happen at one patient has never been reported before.Case presentation: We summarized and analyzed the clinicopathological features of 1 serous carcinoma arising in adenomyosis synchronous with SCOOPT and reviewed the literature. A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presented to our hospital with abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and constipation. Colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan of pulmonary showed no abnormalities. Ultrasonography and CT scan revealed a solid-cystic mass in the pelvic cavity, slightly thickened uterine myometrium at the fundus with heterogeneous echo. A total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy were performed. The final pathology showed serous carcinoma originating from adenomyosis, while the eutopic endometrium and both fallopian epithelia were identified with no cancer. The solid-cystic mass in the right ovary is diagnosed with SCCOPT and metastasis to the myometrium of the uterus. The prognosis of previously reported cancers of adenomyosis origin and SCOOPT were both poor, while our case was alive without disease during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion: We believe this case report will expand our recognition of the coexistence of serous carcinoma arising in adenomyosis with small cell carcinoma of the ovary–pulmonary type (SCOOPT).
First Case of Colorectal Cancer Treated by Multimodal Therapy: A Case Study with A Review of Literature
Authors: Diallo Maladho Tanta , Ali Muhammad , Long Ziyang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Cangyuan , Wang Yang , Ding Jianyue , Zhu Xiaodong , Jiang Mingrui , Ren Jun , Sun Qiannan , Wang Daorong
Published: February 2022

Background
Colorectal cancer remains an incurable disease despite progress in treatment over the past few years.
Methods
In this report, we presented a case on colon cancer leading to the development (metastasis) of colorectal cancer in a 56-year-old woman. Preoperative colonoscopy was performed, and diagnosis revealed a malignant tumor of the colon with a tumor of the abdominal wall, a secondary malignant tumor of the abdominal cavity, a malignant tumor of the ovary. The biopsies revealed a metastatic or invasive grade I-II adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopic was performed after few days.
Results
During the surgery a metastasis of about 3 cm was found and the metastasis of the pelvic cavity showed that the anterior wall of the rectum and the cervical stump have recurrence of about 4 cm and some small intestinal cancerous adhesions were present in the lesion. Afterwards, the biopsy specimens were reanalyzed, and immunohistological analysis shown this as cancerous tissue.
Conclusion
When colorectal cancer is detected in a patient with a history of colon cancer and bilateral metastatic ovarian adenocarcinoma, the physician should be very observant of the condition as there is the possibility of recidivism due to poor prognosis. Surgery is the only curative treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Modeling GLUT1 deficiency syndrome in a Petri Dish using induced pluripotent stem cells: A preliminary report
Authors: Al-Ahmad Abraham Jacob , Pervaiz Iqra , Tuz-Zahra Fatema , Mikelis Constantinos
Published: February 2022

Background: Glucose is an important source of energy for the central nervous system. The entry of glucose is tightly regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mediated mostly through the presence of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a facilitated transporter belonging to the solute carrier superfamily (SLCs). GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a haploinsufficiency characterized by mutations in the SLC2A1 gene and resulting in impaired glucose uptake at the BBB. This preliminary study provides the characterization of a novel GLUT1DS in vitro model based on an established human induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC) genetically edited by CRISPR/Cas9.Methods: The human iPS(IMR90)-c4 iPSC cell line was genetically edited via CRISPR/Cas9, resulting in a SLC2A1+/- genotype (GLUT1DS-iPSC). Cells were differentiated in brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs) as previously reported. Cells were characterized in terms of SLC2A1 expression, changes in the barrier function, and glucose uptake.Results: Two GLUT1DS-iPSC clones were generated and characterized in this study: C7 and E8. In undifferentiated iPSCs, both showed comparable phenotype than their parental control, and both differentiated into iBMECs. Both C7- and E8-iBMECs showed a decrease in GLUT1 expression, with C7 showing accentuated decrease. No major disruption in the barrier function was reported. However, we noted a significant decrease in glucose uptake in both clones.Conclusions: Our study provides the first documented characterization of GLUT1DS-iBMECs generated by CRISPR-Cas9, showing little effect on SLC2A1 deletion on the ability of iPSCs to differentiate into iBMECs and their ability to form tight monolayers. However, an impaired glucose uptake associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and impaired angiogenesis suggests that such deletion may affect other functions in endothelial cells. Hence, a further investigation of how SLC2A1 depletion impacts brain endothelial cells and other cellular components of the neurovascular unit is needed.
Clinico - Pathological profiles of pancytopenia in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia : a retrospective cross-sectional, 2018-2021
Authors: Kindie Endeshaw Asaye , Yefter Ermias Teklehaimanot
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pancytopenia can be caused by a wide variety of etiologies, leading to a diagnostic dilemma. These etiologies range from congenital bone marrow failure to marrow space-occupying lesions, infection, and peripheral destruction, to name a few. Bone marrow examination, in addition to a detailed clinical history, is often required for an accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to provide a brief overview of causes of pancytopenia in adults and children by age and sex with emphasis on bone marrow findings. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2021 in the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia based on bone marrow aspiration finding results. Results: There were 720 patients who had pancytopenia, 548(76%) were males and 172(24%) were females. The most common cause of pancytopenia in our study was megaloblastic anemia 385(53.5%) followed by Hyperreactive Malarial Splenomegaly 170(23.6%), leukemia 70(9.7%), VL 40(5.6%), aplastic anemia and stage IV RVI per se each 20(2.8%) and others 15(2.1%). Most age group affected by pancytopenia were 11–30 yrs and the most common presenting symptom and sign was fatigue and splenomegaly respectively. Conclusions: This study showed that the most common cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia and that is reversible by therapy. Thus in pancytopenia, thorough evaluation has to be done to identify the cause at the earliest, so the treatable causes are identified without delay and the patient is benefited.
Endocrine Therapy Recommendation for Estrogen Receptor Positive (ER + ) Metastases Advanced Breast Cancer using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Lokare Reena , Patil Sunita
Published: February 2022

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has shown tremendous contribution in various applications like Speech Recognition, Expert Systems, Computer Vision, Robotics, Gaming etc. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms under AI address problems such as prediction, classification and regression. AI has touched many domains like Finance, Healthcare, Retail, Travel, Media etc. The results or the predictions generated by these algorithms are not easily accepted by the user with the apprehension as what AI promises, how can they guarantee it? Especially the Healthcare domain is facing a great challenge in accepting the results or the predictions with the concern, are AI results reliable, correct and ethical? Doctors or medical practitioners aren’t ready to treat patients on the basis of results or suggestions generated by AI algorithms. Hence, a technology which can explain how the results returned by AI algorithms are trustworthy, transparent and interpretable was strongly needed. This need has given rise to the latest technology-Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). With the use of XAI, all the predictions, classifications made by AI algorithms are explainable, auditable, comprehensive, validating and socially acceptable. This study will help medical practitioners and other researchers to use XAI for reliable, trustworthy and explainable results or suggestions provided by AI, ML, DL algorithms not only in healthcare but all other sectors adopting these technologies.
Adopting a Proxy Database to Prevent Direct Access to Distributed Transaction Databases Ensuring Information Security
Authors: Ali Mohammad Ghulam
Published: February 2022

In this scientific and technical practical-oriented research paper, I have proposed a concept of Proxy Database to prevent direct access to distributed transaction databases and also ensuring the data and information security. I have also implemented this approach in my one live project. A Proxy Database is created using a set of proxy tables and views from all relational distributed databases running for all different domains for any organization/institution. Creating a proxy table, this is an alternative way of looking at the data in one or more tables and this is also an alternate way of looking at the data through one or more views from relational distributed databases. Proxy table provides indirect access to the data in the distributed table(s) of the distributed databases. Location transparency of the local data at the local distributed databases will definitely be maintained by creating a proxy table. A proxy table will be mapped with the local distributed table and tables in the form of view. A schema for all proxy tables created, that resides in the Proxy Database, but the data resides in each local distributed databases. I have proposed a practical framework to construct a Proxy Database with a set of proxy tables created from all local relational distributed databases which are being used for all different domains. Two or more proxy tables may further be merged to get results from two or more local distributed tables located in the respective distributed databases. I have also illustrated some methods of creating a Proxy Database with some examples. I have illustrated about the query submitted on the proxy table without join, union or intersect and this is straightway go to the respective local distributed table(s) or tables in the form of view and sending back results to the concerned client user. I have also illustrated about the query submitted using join, union or intersect on two or more proxy tables, query decomposition with a set of sub queries going to the respective local distributed tables or tables in the form of view, execution of each individual sub-query at each local distributed database server and finally about the query composition of all sub-queries and sending back results to the concerned client user. I have also discussed well about the network security proposing a viable solution by implementing a software firewall. I have also discussed about the local distributed databases structure modifications and propagation to the Proxy Database so that all the local distributed databases and the Proxy Database remain consistent.
Fat-Burning Or Fat-Shaming? Theme And Community Overlap Between Online Weight-Stigmatizing And Exercise-Promoting Networks.
Authors: Rojas-Sánchez Ahuitz , Harris Jenine K. , Sarrazin Philippe , Chalabaev Aïna
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine if networks of users consistently posting about exercise and fat exist and overlap on social media sites.Method: We collected 1,971,207 English-language posts from 1,446,630 Twitter users that included the words “fat” and “exercise”. Using network structure methods, we identified communities of interconnected users and overlaps between those tweeting “fat” and those tweeting “exercise”. Results: Common word pairings were identified using Natural Language Processing (NLP). Networks of users consistently talking about exercise (n=3,573) and fat (n=2,007) were found on Twitter. An increased mean total-degree and reduced average path length indicate that the fitness-talk network serves as a connecting bridge between highly scattered communities of the weight-talk network. Conclusion: We identified groups on Twitter that consistently produce weight stigmatizing content and promote exercise with weight-loss messages. These groups partially overlap with pro-health groups which could lead to users looking for exercise advice in Twitter to find themselves immersed in a stigmatizing network.Level of evidence:
The Effect of Optimum Stimulation Level and Exploratory Information Seeking on Online Purchase Intention
Authors: Demir Didem
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to determine the effects of the exploratory information seeking tendencies of extroverted individuals resulting from the arousal on online purchase intention. The survey data were collected from 401 respondents in Adana, Turkey. The results reveal that extrovert people who have differences in their level of arousal tend to have exploratory information seeking. Furthermore it was also found that these components have an impact on online purchase intention. Theocratical and practical implications of the findings are discussed through the results of the study.
Feasibility of Intelligent Drug Control in the Maintenance Phase of General Anesthesia Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ren Wei , CHEN JIAO , Liu Jin , Fu Zhongliang , Yao Yu , Chen Xiaoqing , Teng Long
Published: February 2022

Background: The growth and aging process of human population have accelerated the increase in surgical procedures. Yet, the demand for increasing operations can be hardly met since the cultivation of anesthesiologists is usually a long-term process. Closed-loop artificial intelligence (AI) model provides the possibility to solve intelligent decision-making for anesthesia auxiliary control and, as such, has allowed breakthroughs in closed-loop control of clinical practices in intensive care units (ICUs). However, applying open-loop artificial intelligence algorithm to build up personalized medication for anesthesia still needs to be further explored. Currently, anesthesiologists have selected doses of intravenously pumped anesthetic drugs mainly based on the blood pressure and bispectral index (BIS), which can express the depth of anesthesia. Unfortunately, BIS cannot be monitored in some medical centers or operational procedures, and can only be regulated by blood pressure. As a result, here we aim to inaugurally explore the feasibility of basic intelligent control system applied to drug delivery in the maintenance phase of general anesthesia, based on an AI model with open-loop design, according to AI learning of existing anesthesia protocols.Methods: A convolutional neural network, combined with both sliding window sampling method and residual learning module, was utilized to establish an "AI anesthesiologist" model for intraoperative dosing of personalized anesthetic drugs (propofol and remifentanil). The fitting degree and difference in pumping dose decision, between the AI anesthesiologist and the clinical anesthesiologist, for these personalized anesthetic drugs were examined during the maintenance phase of anesthesia.Results: The medication level established by the “AI anesthesiologist” was comparable to that obtained by the clinical anesthesiologist during the maintenance phase of anesthesia.Conclusion: The application of an open-loop decision-making plan by convolutional neural network showed that intelligent anesthesia control is consistent with the actual anesthesia control, thus providing possibility for further evolution and optimization of auxiliary intelligent control of depth of anesthesia.
The undergraduate experience of the transition of the obstetrics and gynaecology programme to blended learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tuthill Emma H , Kennelly Mairead M , Bowes Laura , O'Malley Eimer G , Fitzpatrick Chris , Turner Michael J
Published: February 2022

Background: The Covid 19 pandemic radically changed our lives worldwide in 2020. Control of the pandemic required public health interventions which included social distancing and the minimising social gatherings. The implementation of these measures resulted in major changes in the delivery of healthcare education.Aim: This observational study reports on the undergraduate experience of the transition of the obstetrics and gynaecology programme from a traditional face-to-face approach to a blended learning programme (BLP) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Changes to the undergraduate Obstetrics and Gynaecology programme in response to the pandemic are described. These changes were implemented with no additional funding or resources. On completion of the module, students voluntarily completed an anonymous survey on their experience of the BLP.Results: Of the 80 students who completed the module, 81% responded. Overall satisfaction with the module was high with median scores for all online and clinical components of the module ranging from 8 - 10. The students expressed high levels of satisfaction with the support they received from their teachers, hospital staff and patients. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this paper is the first to describe the transition of the entire undergraduate module in Obstetrics and Gynaecology to a BLP in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall satisfaction scores submitted anonymously were high. Whether this will be maintained post pandemic remains unknown but the positive response to the BLP provides direction as to what elements of the revised programme may be worth developing further in the future.
Relationship between adopting servant leadership style and employee commitment: Empirical evidence from Jordanian governmental hospitals
Authors: Raoush Atef
Published: February 2022

Businesses face a constant struggle in developing leaders who are devoted to serving and developing their people. Therefore, recognizing the link between servant leadership and employee commitment can help organizations establish a more positive working environment, leading to improved employee and organizational performance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adopting servant leadership by hospital managers and employee commitment within Jordanian governmental hospitals. This paper employs a cross-sectional study design including a quantitative data collection method. Using a simple random sampling method, data were collected from 389 hospital staff employed by Jordanian governmental hospitals. The data were analyzed using Pearson (r) correlation coefficient with hypothesis testing. Research findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the adoption of a servant leadership style by government hospital managers and employee commitment (r = 0.633, Sig. < 0.01). Furthermore, the study showed that demographic variables including gender, age, education, and experience were not associated significantly with employee commitment. The study’s results can help hospital managers develop and practice servant leadership, who are expected to increase employee commitment and achieve organizational objectives.
AcknowledgmentThe publication of this study has been supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Philadelphia University – Jordan.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: PROBLEMÁTICAS E ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O ENSINO DE QUÍMICA
Authors: Almeida Célio dos Santos , Neves Bianca Ferreira , Yamaguchi Klenicy Kazumy de Lima
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho visa abordar as experiências vivenciadas durante o período de estágio supervisionado de Ensino III desenvolvida na disciplina de Química do 1° 2° e 3° ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola estadual da rede pública de ensino no Município de Coari-AM.  O estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as problemáticas detectadas em sala de aula e as estratégias utilizadas para o ensino da disciplina. A metodologia baseia-se em um relato de experiência, de caráter descrito e qualitativo, centrada nas turmas de 1° e 2° ano, nas quais foram feitas observações da didática da supervisora e regências utilizando métodos diversificados. O estágio solidificou os conhecimentos obtidos na universidade através das disciplinas de Química e do eixo pedagógico que foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento das atividades e para adquirir uma experiência da docência no Ensino Médio.
On the stability of the zero solution of differential equation of the second order under critical case
Authors:   St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Dorodenkov Аlexander А.
Published: February 2022

Differential equation of the form x¨+x2sgnx = Y (t, x, x˙), is considered, where the right-hand side is a small periodic perturbation of t, a sufficiently differentiable function in the origin neighborhood with variables x, x˙. It is assumed that X perturbation is of order smallness not lower than the fifth, if x is assigned the second order, and x˙ is assigned the third order. Periodic functions are introduced that are the solution of the equation above with zero righthand side. Since differentiability of the quadratic part is bounded, then differentiability of the introduced functions is also bounded. These functions are used to transfer from the initial equation to the system of equations in coordinates similar to polar. This system with the help of the polynomial replacement is reduced to a system with Lyapunov constants. Replacement coefficients are found by the partial fraction decomposition. The conclusion about the nature of stability of the zero solution is made by a sign of the first non zero constant. Due to the bounded differentiability of the introduced functions, the degree of the polynomial replacement must be limited. The system of differential equations for the replacement coefficients is solved recursively. The number of found Lyapunov constants is also bounded. This article considers the case when all found constants are zero. To study this problem there used the method of isolating the main part of the introduced functions and their combinations as a result of the expantion of the latter in the Fourier series. The remainder of the series is assumed to be sufficiently small and it is shown that its presence can be neglected. The transition to the main parts instead of functions allows to compensate for the lack of differentiability of the introduced functions. Considering such systems, polynomial replacement can be again used and the Lyapunov constant for each main part can be found. It is shown that the sign of the constant for any main part is preserved. Sufficient conditions for stability and instability are indicated.
Regularization of the solution of integral equations of the first kind using quadrature formulas
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lebedeva Anastasia V. , Ryabov Victor M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2022

Ill-conditioned systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAEs) and integral equations of the first kind belonging to the class of ill-posed problems are considered. This also includes the problem of inverting the integral Laplace transform, which is used to solve a wide class of mathematical problems. Integral equations are reduced to SLAEs with special matrices. To obtain a reliable solution, regularization methods are used. The general strategy is to use the Tikhonov stabilizer or its modifications, or to represent the desired solution in the form of an orthogonal the sum of two vectors, one of which is determined stably, and to search for the second requires some kind of stabilization procedure. In this article methods for the numerical solution of SLAEs with positive a certain symmetric matrix or with an oscillatory type matrix using regularization, leading to a SLAE with a reduced condition number. A method of reducing the problem of inversion of the integral Laplace transform to a SLAE with generalized Vandermonde matrices of oscillation type, the regularization of which reduces the ill-conditioning of the system, is indicated.
A proof of Bel’tyukov — Lipshitz theorem by quasi-quantifier elimination. II. The main reduction
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Starchak Mikhail R.
Published: February 2022

This paper is the second part of a new proof of the Bel’tyukov — Lipshitz theorem, which states that the existential theory of the structure is decidable. We construct a quasi-quantifier elimination algorithm (the notion was introduced in the first part of the proof) to reduce the decision problem for the existential theory of to the decision problem for the positive existential theory of the structure 0; 1, {a·}a∈Z>0 , GCD>. Since the latter theory was proved decidable in the first part, this reduction completes the proof of the theorem. Analogues of two lemmas of Lipshitz’s proof are used in the step of variable isolation for quasi-elimination. In the quasi-elimination step we apply GCD-Lemma, which was proved in the first part.
On mathematical modeling of a hypersonic flow past a thin wing with variable shape
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bogatko Vsevolod I. , Potekhina Elena A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2022

The present work is devoted to a further study of the spatial flowing of a thin wing of variable shape by a hypersonic flow of non-viscous gas. The head shock wave is considered to be attached to the leading edge of the wing. The use of the thin shock layer method for solving the system of gas dynamics equations makes it possible to build a mathematical model of the flow in question. It should also be noted that the analysis of boundary conditions makes it possible to determine the structure of the expansion of the quantities sought in a series and to construct approximate analytical solutions. In this case, in determining the first approximation corrections, two equations are integrated independently of the other equations. The application of the Euler — Ampere transform allows to construct a solution depending on two arbitrary functions and an unknown of the shock front. To determine these functions, previously it was obtained an integro-differential system of equations. This paper proposes one of the variants of the semi-inverse method for constructing the solution of this system, in which the form of one of arbitrary function is given. This approach allows you to additionally set the equation for the leading edge of the wing, and in the case when the head wave is attached along the entire leading edge and the inclination of the wing surface on it. The variant of the semi-inverse method presented in the work for the non-stationary spatial problem of the flow has made it possible to obtain a particular solution, which is a model for various flow regimes around the wing. Formulas are obtained to determine: the shape of the front of the shock wave, the shape of the surface of the streamlined body, the distance between the shock wave and the surface of the body, and the flow parameters on the wing surface.
Applying adjustment factors in Rayleigh method to calculate vibrations principal frequency of a shell with rectangular cross-section
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dzebisashvili Georgii T.
Published: February 2022

The applying of adjustment factors in Rayleigh method to calculate vibrations principal frequency of a shell with rectangular cross-section is considered in the paper. Behavior patterns of the adjustment factors are generalized. Relationship between the adjustment factors and properties of the approximate formulae is analyzed.
Plate vibrations with periodically changing parameters
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Naumova Natalia V. , Ivanov Denis N. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Dorofeev Nikita P. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2022

Vibrations of square plate with periodically changing parameters are considered. The averaged fourth-order partial differential equation for the plate deflection w is offered. Solution of the problem is obtained by using the approximate theory. The approximate results are presented by analytical formulas. Asymptotic averaging (realized in Wolfram Mathematica) and Finite Elements Method (ANSYS) are used to get the values of vibrations frequencies. The comparison of numerical and asymptotic results is performed.
Contactless capture and removal of space debris using electromagnetic induction
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Patel Ishan K. , Tikhonov Aleksey A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2022

A new method of contactless removal of space debris using electromagnetic induction is considered. The method works on the basis of Faraday’s law of induction and Lenz’s law. This paper focuses on the development of a method for capturing electrically conductive debris in order to transfer it to a separate orbit, such as the graveyard orbit. The concept is that a hypothetical toroidal coil generates a sufficiently strong magnetic field when an electric current is applied, which is implemented on the moving debris. The orbital dynamics of space debris is studied using numerical simulations. The applicability of the idea is discussed based on simulations, and strategies for improvement and further study are considered.
Arguedas: Entre la tradición y la modernidad
Authors: Carlos Vilcapoma José
Published: February 2022

La construcción de una imagen nacional afortunada en su profundo simbolismo rara vez se concentra en una gesta individual representativa, es decir, atribuible a la voluntad de actuación de un agente aislable cuya coyuntura se inserta visiblemente en la cotidianidad de un pueblo, el cual por efecto de su reconocimiento llega a elevar su imagen a la categoría social de ícono general, y es esta asunción de paulatina aura en alas de la fama el rasgo antropológico más destacable de la historia de José María Arguedas Altamirano, cuya epopeya es la nuestra, pues su epifanía ideológica es la del nuevo Perú que avizoró y por el que dio la vida.
Identidad y desarrollo del capital social en el Perú
Authors: Córdova Rengifo Javier
Published: February 2022

La población del Perú no ha logrado construir una identidad nacional debido que a que históricamente el Estado ha venido minimizando a grandes sectores de peruanos. Ello se puede apreciar en tres eventos que ocurrieron en las últimas décadas en el país. La época terrorista, el conflicto de Bagua y la crisis del Covid-19. A pesar de que el Perú tiene casi dos siglos como república, en estos tres casos se evidenció que la inclusión social no es sentida por muchos compatriotas; en consecuencia, es poco probable que se cree una identidad nacional. Al no haberla no existe empatía con el otro y es poco probable que se realicen acciones de cooperación por el bien general. El capital social se basa en relaciones de confianza y reciprocidad, aspectos que se encuentran casi ausentes en la actual sociedad peruana, pero que el Estado debería desarrollar.
Cocaine: From a Controlled Drug by the DEA to an Approved Drug by the FDA
Authors: Galvis Carlos E. Puerto , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: February 2022

NumbrinoTM, a nasal anesthetic solution based on cocaine hydrochloride, has recently
been approved by the FDA for diagnostic procedures and surgery – now, what will be
the role of the controlling agencies and the legislation of producing countries to face the imminent
medicinal use of cocaine? Would chemistry be the protagonist in proposing alternative
approaches to help and overcome this issue? The debate is open with this commentary.
Cross-linked Alginate Beads of Montelukast Sodium Coated with Eudragit
for Chronotherapy: Statistical Optimization, In vitro and In vivo Evaluation
Authors: Ranjan Om Prakash , Kumar Nitesh , Dave Vivek
Published: February 2022

Background:

Chronotherapy is the administration of medication according to the biological
rhythm to maximize pharmacological effects and minimize side effects. The objective of the current
investigation is to prepare delayed-release beads (DRBs) containing montelukast sodium (MKS) for
chronotherapy of asthma.

Methods:

Delayed-release beads of alginate were prepared using a simple method, i.e., ionotropic gelation.
The effect of cross-linking agents (zinc or calcium ions) and the concentration of chitosan on the
properties of the beads were investigated. The prepared beads were coated by a polymer having pHindependent
solubility, i.e., Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO in different ratios to achieve the desired
lag time of 4-5 h. Beads were evaluated for surface morphology, practical yield, encapsulation efficiency,
XRD, and in vitro release study. The pharmacokinetic study was carried out on New Zealand white
male rabbits.

Results:

No major differences in the drug release profile were observed between Ca++ and Zn++ crosslinked
beads. However, a slight slow release was seen in the case of chitosan-reinforced beads. MKS
released from cross-linked alginate beads was slightly altered with sodium alginate concentration, crosslinking
time, and talc. At a higher alginate concentration, slow drug release was observed, whereas the
addition of talc to alginate increased the release rate. The in vitro release study showed that the optimal
formulation of DRBs has a lag time of 4.5 h, and the release at 6 h was found to be 74.9%. In vivo
pharmacokinetic study of the beads showed Tmax at 7 h with an initial lag time of 4 h.

Concluion:

When dosed at sleep time, the prepared cross-linked beads may deliver montelukast sodium
required to relieve early morning symptoms in asthmatic patients.
The Antibacterial Activity of Natural-derived Flavonoids
Authors: Tan Zhenyou , Deng Jun , Ye Qiongxian , Zhang Zhenfeng
Published: February 2022

Flavonoids, a wide variety of phenolic secondary metabolites, are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds. Flavonoids could exert antibacterial activity via damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting energy metabolism, and inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids, so flavonoids are considered constitutive antibacterial substances. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural-derived flavonoids, including flavonoid glycosides with anti-bacterial potential to provide novel antibacterial lead hits/candidates, covering articles published be-tween January 2016 and July 2021.