bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congestion and Energy Aware (CEAODV) Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network in Disastrous Situation
Authors: Soomro Mohammad Ali , Channa Mohammad Ibrahim , Nizamani Shah Zaman , Bhutto Mohammad Aamir , Ghoto Abbas Ali , Soomro Muhammad Ehsan
Published: December 2024

It is pain full and difficult for government and Non-Government Organizations to handle critical situations in dense and populous areas where high rising buildings are collapsed suddenly due to natural disaster. The telecommunication services were partially or fully damaged and did not responded accordingly. To reduce the losses of public property and save the lives of disaster victims in the disaster stricken areas, mobile ad hoc network is essential for launching rescue and relief operations. The CEAODV routing protocol has been designed and implemented in NS2.35 network simulator software. CEADOV routing protocol discover routes in such critical situations and share some related emergency information. The node mobility and network congestion badly degrade the performance of the mobile ad hoc network. This study has been designed the CEAODV routing protocol, evaluated its performance and compared with existing AODV reactive routing protocols in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, End-to-End Delay and Energy Consumption. In the proposed scenarios CEAODV maximizes Packet Delivery Ratio in Traffic Load averagely by 34% and Node Mobility Speed by 17.12%. Network reduces End-to-End Delay in Traffic Load averagely by 23.24% and Node Mobility Speed by 22.38%. The network Energy Consumption reduces in Traffic Load averagely by 14.07% and Node Mobility Speed by 17.82%. The proposed routing protocol improves overall performance of the entire network, reduces packet losses, reduces network congestion and maximizes packet delivery ratio of the network.
Upper Airway Collapsibility During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Is Associated With the Response to Upper Airway Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tsou Yung-An , Hang Liang-Wen , Finnsson Eysteinn , Ágústsson Jón S. , Sands Scott A. , Cheng Wan-Ju
Published: December 2024

Objectives. Endotype-based interventions have shown promise in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea, and upper airway surgery is a key therapeutic option. However, responses to surgery vary among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This study aims to examine changes in endotypic traits following upper airway surgery and to explore their association with surgical outcomes.Methods. We prospectively recruited 25 patients with obstructive sleep apnea who visited a single sleep center for upper airway surgery. These patients underwent polysomnographic studies both before and after surgical intervention. During non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep, we estimated endotypic traits—including collapsibility (Vpassive), arousal threshold, loop gain, and upper airway compensation—with the phenotyping using polysomnography method. Based on improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index, patients were classified as either responders or non-responders. We compared the preoperative endotypic traits between these groups using Mann-Whitney tests. Additionally, we compared changes in endotypic traits pre- and post-surgery between responders and non-responders using generalized linear mixed models.Results. We identified 12 responders and 13 non-responders. Compared to non-responders, responders exhibited improved collapsibility during rapid eye movement sleep (22.3 vs. −8.2%eupnea in Vpassive, P=0.01), and their arousal threshold decreased during non-rapid eye movement sleep (−22.4%eupnea, P=0.02). No endotypic trait predicted surgical response; however, the apnea-hypopnea index during rapid eye movement sleep was higher among responders than non-responders (51.8/hr vs. 34.4/hr, P=0.05).Conclusion. Upper airway surgery significantly reduced collapsibility during rapid eye movement sleep in responders. The target pathology for upper airway surgery is a compromised upper airway during rapid eye movement sleep.
Basic Requirements for the Procedure for Maintaining Collections of Industrial Strains of Bacteriophages
Authors: Davydov D. S. , Parfenyuk R. L. , Durmanova Z. V. , Movsesyants A. A.
Published: December 2024

The development and implementation of biological drugs based on bacteriophages is one of the elements of the “Strategy for Preventing the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Russian Federation for the Period of up to 2030”, approved by the Decision of the Government of the Russian Federation, dated September 25, 2017 No. 2045-r. A prerequisite for the implementation of the objectives of the Strategy is the creation of banks of hospital strains of microorganisms and banks of relevant bacteriophages. The aim of the work was to determine the basic requirements for the procedure for maintaining a collection of industrial strains of bacteriophages. Materials and methods. An analysis of regulatory documents has been carried out, where goals, objectives, rules for the creation and use of collections of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses are stated, and the requirements for the quality of therapeutic and prophylactic preparations of bacteriophages are set. Information materials containing up-to-date information on the biological properties of bacteriophages that are important for their therapeutic use are considered. Results and discussion. Maintaining a production collection of bacteriophages is characterized by certain features that must be taken into account when crea ting therapeutic and prophylactic preparations of bacteriophages that correspond to the current dynamics of variability of clinical bacterial strains. To ensure the clinical efficacy and genetic safety of phage therapy, bacteriophage preparations should contain bacteriophages that are identified and characterized by morphological, biological, and genetic features. Bacteriophage preparations should be adapted to epidemiologically significant pathogens of purulent-inflammatory and intestinal infections.
On the existence of east African natural Megafocus of Yersinia pestis, Phylogenetic Lineage 1.ANT of the Antique Biovar of the Main Subspecies: epidemic Activity, spatial and Biocenotic structure
Authors: Popov N. V. , Kutyrev I. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Nikiforov K. A. , Zubova A. A. , Neishtadt Ya. A. , Boiko A. V. , Kuklev E. V. , Toporkov V. P.
Published: December 2024

The obtained results of the epidemiological, epizootiological, and phylogenetic data analysis suggest that the territory of the East African plateau is a one natural mega-focus of Yersinia pestis belonging to antique biovar 1.ANT of the main subspecies. The circulation of various genovariants (1.ANT1, 1.ANT2, 1.ANT3) of Y. pestis, antique biovar of the main subspecies, occurs in populations of various species of wild-living and semi-synanthropic rats and their specific ectoparasites. Within the boundaries of the established areal of antique biovar 1.ANT of the main subspecies of Y. pestis epizootic manifestations are confined to densely populated areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi. Potentially plague enzootic regions should include the territories of Rwanda and Burundi, as well as the northern regions of Mozambique. In 2000–2024, more than 15.5 thousand cases of plague infection were registered in East African countries (DRC, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda), which is 54 % of the total number of cases on the African continent. The maximum epidemic activity (on average 1,326 people per year) of the East African megafocus was noted in 2000–2009. In 2010–2019, the incidence rates in the DRC, Uganda, and Tanzania decreased significantly (to an average of 103 people per year), and no cases of plague infection were detected in Zambia and Malawi. In 2020–2024, epidemic complications of plague continued to be recorded only in the territory of the DRC. The persistence of constant risks of infection is determined by the high population density and intensity of contacts between the rural population and the natural-focal complexes of the East African plateau. The high incidence of plague is also due to the development of outbreaks of anthroponotic bubonic plague associated with the abundance of Pulex irritans fleas in rural areas.
Cholera Bacteriophages: History of Discovery, Structure and Application
Authors: Cheldyshova N. B. , Zadnova S. P. , Abramova E. G. , Nikiforov A. K. , Devdariani Z. L.
Published: December 2024

Viruses that affect cholera vibrio, or cholera bacteriophages, were discovered in early twentieth century, when the sixth cholera pandemic was raging in Southeast Asia, the Far and Middle East and Europe. This discovery marked the beginning of intensive study of cholera bacteriophages as a promising means in the fight against cholera. The review highlights issues related to the history of the discovery and study of cholera bacteriophages and describes the features of their structure and life cycle. A co-evolutionary strategy for the interaction of cholera bacteriophages with Vibrio cholerae cells, called the “Red Queen dynamics”, is presented. According to this strategy, strains of V. cholerae and cholera bacteriophages, in order to survive, must constantly evolve and adapt, acquiring more and more new systems for defense from each other. The review also provides information about the main currently known anti-phage systems of V. cholerae (mutational changes in the receptor apparatus, release of outer membrane vesicles, restriction-modification system, PLE element, SXT elements, BREX bacteriophage exclusion system and CRISPR/Cas systems, Abi-strategy). Phage counter-defense systems are presented (CRISPR/Cas system, Odn nuclease, epigenetic modification by methylase, BREX countermeasures system). The papaer analyzes the practical application of cholera bacteriophages in the diagnosis of cholera (for identification, determination of the biovar of the pathogen, its virulence and epidemic significance), and outlines the most well-known phage typing schemes. Promising strategies for the use of cholera bacteriophages in phage therapy and phage prevention of cholera are characterized. The effects of combined use of phages and antibiotics in complex therapy are considered separately.
The record of the Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE, 59.5 Ma) in shallow-water Tethys Himalayan carbonates (Zongpu Formation, South Tibet)
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Boudagher-Fadel Marcelle , Jiang Jingxin , Xu Yiwei
Published: December 2024

The Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE, 59.5 Ma) was a short-lived climatic perturbation accompanied by prominent biotic changes. Although the ELPE has been widely recognized from pelagic and continental archives, shallow-marine records remain scarce and poorly documented. To constrain the pattern and magnitude of the ELPE and associated environmental changes, we here present a detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic, and stable-carbon-isotope study of upper Paleocene platform carbonates continuously exposed in the Jiajin section of southern Tibet. Two distinct negative carbon-isotope excursions (CIEs) are documented: the first one occurred during shallow benthic zone (SBZ) 3 with a magnitude of ∼ 1.0‰, the second one began near the SBZ3–SBZ4 boundary with a magnitude of ∼ 1.5‰. Carbonate microfacies dominated by packstones with rotaliids and/or dasycladacean algae testify to an open shallow-marine environment. Neither a significant change in paleo–water depth nor evidence of early diagenetic dissolution are documented across the ELPE. The microfacies change observed during the ELPE, characterized by a decrease in the abundance of larger benthic rotaliid foraminifera relative to calcareous green algae, is related to environmental perturbations and increased nutrient supply. The changed trophic level may have resulted from intensified continental weathering promoted in turn by global warming. Compared with biocalcification crises observed in deep-water sedimentary records, shallow-water carbonate production remained relatively unaffected by changes in ocean-water chemistry.
Factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz durante el año 2022
Authors:   , Dedios Solis Harold Jhair
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Determinar factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados al diagnóstico de Lesión Intraepitelial Escamosa de bajo grado y Lesión Intraepitelial Escamosa de alto grado en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz durante el año 2022. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal; muestra constituida por 200 pacientes del servicio de Ginecología a quienes se les realizó papanicolaou. Para la evaluación de la independencia entre las variables independientes y lesiones intraepiteliales escamosas se utilizó la prueba Chi Cuadrado, considerándose significancia estadística p < 0,05. Seguidamente se realizó una regresión logística multinomial obteniéndose Odds Ratios (OR) crudos y ajustados. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa R versión 4.0.5 ® y R Studio 2021.09.0 ®. Resultados: El análisis multinomial identificó a las variables edad (OR: 4.992; IC: 95%; 1.698-14.676), inicio de relaciones sexuales (OR: 0.128; IC: 95%; 0.030-0.551), número de parejas sexuales (OR: 4.015; IC: 95%; 1.027-15.685) como factores de riesgo que aumentan la probabilidad para desarrollar lesión intraepitelial escamosa de bajo grado (NIC I). Conclusiones: Se concluye que, tener entre 26 a 35 años asociado al inicio relaciones sexuales entre 15 a 19 años y haber tenido entre 3 a 5 parejas sexuales son factores de alto riesgo que aumentan significativamente la probabilidad que se presente lesión intraepitelial escamosa de bajo grado NIC I. Adicionalmente se encontraron las siguientes prevalencias: PAP anormal 14.5%; LIEBG (NIC I) 4.5%; LIEAG (NIC II) 2% y LIEAG (NIC III) 1%.
Capacitación de personal y desempeño laboral en una empresa de seguridad privada, distrito de Ate (Lima - Perú), 2023
Authors:   , Fanegas Espinoza Josselin Lisset , Cruz Ponce Mijael
Published: December 2024

En el dinámico entorno laboral del siglo actual, las acciones de capacitar al personal y su asociación con el desempeño laboral se han convertido, indudablemente, como elementos esenciales para el éxito de las empresas de servicios. Reconociendo la importancia de contar con trabajadores altamente preparados y eficientes, la indagación estuvo guiada por el objetivo general de examinar la relación existente entre la capacitación de personal y el desempeño laboral en una empresa de seguridad privada ubicada en el distrito de Ate (Lima-Perú) a lo largo del 2023. Para lograr dicho propósito, se implementó un diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transeccional correlacional-causal, adicionalmente, con el enfoque cuantitativo. En cuanto a la característica poblacional estudiada estuvo compuesta por 120 agentes de seguridad, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 20 agentes asignados al área de Farmacia de un nosocomio estatal perteneciente al mencionado distrito, donde opera la empresa de seguridad privada analizada. Esta investigación proporcionó información relevante acerca de la relación entre la capacitación de personal y el desempeño laboral en la empresa investigada. Los resultados obtenidos respaldaron la hipótesis alterna al mostrar una relación significativa entre los constructos examinados, como se refleja dentro del coeficiente correlativo de Spearman, el cual alcanzó un total de 0.841. Estos hallazgos confirman la presencia de relación fuerte y positiva entre la capacitación de personal y el desempeño laboral.
Safety and Efficacy of a novel ‘One-Visit, Both-Cataracts’ High-Volume See-and-Treat Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery Service in a public healthcare setting
Authors: Roberts Harry , Alsusa Maher , Ahmad Shakeel , Smith Zoe , TUTCHINGS Emma , Evans Sam , Wilkinson Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel cataract surgery pathway that combines a See-and-Treat (S&T) model with Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) at the Nightingale Hospital, Exeter, UK.
Methods:
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 102 consecutive patients (204 eyes) who underwent S&T ISBCS between July 2023 and July 2024. Patients were triaged based on referral information and underwent preoperative telephone consultations. On the day of surgery, clinical assessment and bilateral cataract surgery were completed in a single visit. Data collected included patient demographics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, and complications.
Results:
Of the 127 patients listed, 102 (84.3%) completed S&T ISBCS. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Fourteen patients (13.7%) required unplanned postoperative consultations, with most cases being non-sight-threatening and self-resolving. Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) was reported in 2.9% of eyes, with no cases of visual loss or endophthalmitis.
Conclusion:
The S&T ISBCS model demonstrated safety and efficiency in delivering cataract care, with a high one-visit completion rate and low complication rates. This model offers significant time and resource savings whilst maintaining patient safety. It holds potential for broader implementation in healthcare settings facing increased demand for cataract services. Further studies are recommended to assess long-term outcomes and optimise this approach.
Injectables in Preventing Intraoperative bleeding and Postoperative Ecchymosis in Surgical Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Alhindi Nawaf , Alhassan Ghadeer Mohammed , Alshuaibi Razan Razan , Hamdani Noorain Asif , Aldhahri Ahmed , Alnahwi Zainab , Alkhamesi Ameera , Alrashed Hajar , Albalawi Talal A.
Published: December 2024

Background:
Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative periorbital ecchymosis are common concerns in rhinoplasty, often leading to delayed post-operative recovery. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable agents in controlling intraoperative bleeding and preventing ecchymosis.
Methods:
A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across multiple databases, including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating injectables for minimizing intraoperative bleeding and postoperative ecchymosis in rhinoplasty were included.
Results:
A meta-analysis of 6 Randomized controlled trials including 514 patients undergoing surgical rhinoplasty under 4 different interventions aimed to control intraoperative bleeding. However, Tranexamic acid (TXA) demonstrated significant superiority in reducing intraoperative bleeding compared to adrenaline 14.70 [3.05; 26.36], and control 13.85 [7.54; 20.16].
Conclusion:
The meta-analysis confirmed that TXA is the most effective injectable agent for controlling intraoperative bleeding and reducing postoperative ecchymosis in rhinoplasty patients. This finding highlights the importance of incorporating TXA in rhinoplasty procedures to improve surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
Climate change risks on key open marine and coastal Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: HASSOUN Abed El Rahman , MOJTAHID Meryem , MERHEB Mohammad , LIONELLO Piero , GATTUSO Jean-Pierre , CRAMER Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

Mediterranean open marine and coastal ecosystems face multiple risks, due to climate change, that impact their unique biodiversity. To assess these risks and evaluate their confidence levels, we adopt the scenario-based approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), relying on a review of literature projecting changes in Mediterranean Sea ecosystems. The main drivers of environmental change are sea level rise, ocean warming and acidification. Similar to global conditions, all Mediterranean ecosystems face high risks under all climate scenarios, with coastal ecosystems being more strongly impacted than open marine ecosystems. For these coastal ecosystems, risk levels are expected to become very high already once global warming exceeds 0.8°C with respect to the 1976–2005 period. A few Mediterranean ecosystems (e.g., coralligenous and rocky coasts) have greater adaptive capacity than all others, probably because of the long evolutionary history in this sea and the presence of a variety of climatic and hydrological conditions. Overall, due to the higher observed and projected rates of climate change in the Mediterranean, compared to global trends, for variables such as seawater temperature and pH, marine ecosystems (particularly coastal) are projected to be under higher risks compared to the global ocean.
Second Generation DNA Methylation Age Predicts Cognitive Change in Midlife: The Moderating Role of Childhood Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Bell Sophie A. , Beam Christopher R. , Zandi Ebrahim , Kam Alyssa , Andrews Emily , Becker Jonathan , Finkel Deborah , Davis Deborah W. , Turkheimer Eric
Published: December 2024

DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) surpasses chronological age in its ability to predict age-related morbidities and mortality. This study analyzed data from 287 middle-aged twins in the Louisville Twin Study (mean age 51.9 years ± 7.03) to investigate the effect of DNAmAge acceleration on change in IQ (ΔIQ) between childhood and midlife, while testing childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of the relationship. DNAmAge was estimated with five commonly used algorithms (Horvath, Horvath Skin and Blood, GrimAge, and PhenoAge). A factor analysis of these measures produced a two-factor structure which we identified as first generation and second generation measures. Results of genetically informed, quasi-causal regression models indicated that accelerated second generation DNAmAge predicted more negative ΔIQ from childhood to midlife, after accounting for genetic and environmental confounds shared by twins. The relationship between DNAmAge and ΔIQ was moderated by childhood SES, with a stronger effect observed among twins from low SES backgrounds. Second generation DNAmAge measures trained to estimate phenotypic biological age show promise in their predictive value for cognitive decline in midlife. Our genetically informed twin design suggested that DNAmAge may represent a biological pathway through which early-life socioeconomic disadvantage impacts midlife cognitive health.
Direct Scaffold-Coupled Electrical Stimulation of Chondrogenic Progenitor Cells through Graphene Foam Bioscaffolds to Control Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam – Cell Composites
Authors: Sawyer Mone’t , Semodji Amevi , Nielson Olivia , Rektor Attila , Burgoyne Hailey , Eppel Michael , Eixenberger Joshua , Montenegro-Brown Raquel , Nelson Miranda L. , Lujan Trevor , Estrada David
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis, a major global cause of pain and disability, is driven by the irreversible degradation of hyaline cartilage in joints. Cartilage tissue engineering presents a promising therapeutic avenue, but success hinges on replicating the native physiological environment to guide cellular behavior and generate tissue constructs that mimic natural cartilage. Although electrical stimulation has been shown to enhance chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix production in 2D cultures, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood, particularly in 3D models. Here, we report that direct scaffold-coupled electrical stimulation applied to 3D graphene foam bioscaffolds significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting graphene foam – cell constructs. Using custom 3D-printed electrical stimulus chambers, we applied biphasic square impulses (20, 40, 60 mVpp at 1 kHz) for 5 minutes daily over 7 days. Stimulation at 60 mVpp increased the steady-state energy dissipation and equilibrium modulus by approximately 65% and 25%, respectively, compared to unstimulated controls, while also yielding the highest cell density among stimulated samples. In addition, our custom chambers facilitated full submersion of the hydrophobic graphene foam in media, leading to enhanced cell attachment and integration across the scaffold surface and within its hollow branches. To assess this cellular integration, we employed co-localized confocal fluorescence microscopy and X-ray microCT imaging enabled by colloidal gold nanoparticle and fluorophore staining, which allowed visualization of cell distribution within the opaque scaffold’s internal structure. These findings highlight the potential of direct scaffold-coupled electrical stimulus to modulate the mechanical properties of engineered tissues and offer new insights into the emergent behavior of cells within conductive 3D bioscaffolds.
Anthracycline Chemotherapy and Its Acute Cardiovascular Impact: A Tanzanian Quasi- Experimental Study on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variations
Authors: Bankanie Vicent
Published: December 2024

Background
Effect of anthracyclines on the autonomic nervous system is linked to changes in blood pressure and heartrate. Such changes may predict future cardiac failure and other cardiovascular complications which may be influenced by other risk factors such as race. However, little has been conducted on this topic within African population.
Objectives
To determine the immediate anthracycline-related blood pressure and heart rate changes as signs of acute autonomic nervous system involvement.
Methods
This study was a pretest-posttest quasi experimental study involving cancer patients using anthracycline-based chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Results
Among the 11188 newly diagnosed cancer patients, 430 participants receiving doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 over 30 minutes per day were systematically recruited. Majority were females. The average age was 47.9 ± 11.1 years, of which 276 (64.2%) were 40-59 years old. The majority (64.4%) had breast cancer. About 37% had an increase of heart rate greater than 10 beats/min after anthracycline infusion, suggesting a subsequent risk for heart failure. Both the SBP and DBP were significantly higher after infusion (SBP =121.7±9.8mmHg) Vs (124.3±12.3mmHg), (P=0.000), and DBP was 75.1±7.1 vs (78.7±10.0) (P=0.000).
The linear mixture model (LMM) analysis showed that gender and diabetes were the influencing factors to DBP changes (P < 0.05), while gender, marital status, education, type of cancer, BMI, and history of diabetes mellitus were the influencing factors of SBP changes (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The small change in blood pressure following anthracycline chemotherapy is statistically significant but clinically not significant. However, a significant number of patients have an increased risk of heart failure, defined by a pressure difference of >10mmhg. Risk factors for blood pressure may be used to stratify interventions to prevent changes in blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate during chemotherapy remains important, especially to high-risk patients.
MMP11 promotes immune escape in esophageal carcinoma cells via the PD-L1/c-MYC signaling pathway
Authors: Li Shixing , Lou Xuelei , Chang Zukuan , Liu Jinzhan , Lu Huilin
Published: December 2024

Background: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a common malignant tumor in China, with a high incidence and no early symptoms. Surgery and chemotherapy are common clinical treatments, but patients' prognoses have not improved significantly. Immunotherapy has opened a new chapter in the treatment of ESCA in recent years. Although it is known that high MMP11 expression is associated with a variety of tumors and immune microenvironments, the specific mechanisms by which MMP11 regulates cellular immunity remain unknown. In this study, we looked at how MMP11 affects the PD-L1/c-MYC pathway in ESCA cells/tissues. We intended to see if MMP11 interferes with ESCA cell immune escape via the PD-L1/c-MYC pathway, and thus affects ESCA development.
Methods: MMP11 expression levels were determined using both the ESCA tumor database and our clinical ESCA sample collection. MMP11 mRNA/protein expression levels in ESCA tissues and cell lines (OE19 and OE33) were determined using RT-qPCR and western blot. The relationship between MMP11 expression levels and overall patient survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. ESCA cells' migration ability and apoptosis rate were assessed using wound healing and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was used to identify PD-L1 and c-MYC pathway-related proteins. After co-culture with ESCA knocked down MMP11, flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of different Treg cells. The content of each cytokine after co-culture was determined using ELISA. In vivo experiments were carried out using a xenograft mouse model.
Results: Overexpression of MMP11 was discovered in ESCA tissues and cell lines. MMP11 knockdown reduced PD-L1 expression while inhibiting ESCA cell migration and promoting apoptosis. MMP11 deficiency also resulted in the downregulation of c-MYC pathway-related proteins in ESCA cells. After co-cultivation with Treg cells/PBMCs, ESCA cells in the sh-MMP11 group showed a decrease in the proportion of FoxP3+CD4+-positive cells versus FoxP3+CD25+-positive cells and an increase in the proportion of FoxP3+CD8+-positive cells versus the control group (sh-NC). Immunopromoting (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and immunosuppressive (TGF-β and IL-10) factors were elevated and decreased, respectively. Furthermore, animal studies showed that MMP11 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in mice in vivo, suppressed the rate of Ki-67-positive expression, and inhibited the expression of proteins associated with the PD-L1 and c-MYC pathways.
Conclusion: MMP11 activates the PD-L1/c-MYC signaling pathway and promotes immune escape of ESCA cells, resulting in the development of ESCA. MMP11-PD-L1/c-MYC may provide a novel approach to ESCA immunotherapy.
Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Adaptive Color Correction and Multi-scale Fusion
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Zhe , Cheng Libo , Jia Xiaoning
Published: December 2024

Underwater imaging is characterized by significant color distortion and low contrast, primarily due to the complex interactions of light absorption and scattering in aquatic environments. This work presents a novel enhancement framework designed to address these challenges through adaptive optimization and advanced fusion techniques. The method operates independently of specialized hardware and predefined environmental conditions. The enhancement process begins with adaptive color correction to mitigate color cast, followed by a transformation to the HSV color space for isolated value (V) channel processing. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) integrates the processed components, yielding a globally enhanced image. Simultaneously, image decomposition refines fine-scale details, and an enhanced Retinex algorithm is applied to accentuate edge structures. The Non-Subsampled Shearlet Transform (NSST) fuses the globally enhanced, detail-enhanced, and edge-enhanced images into a unified output, followed by further optimization to produce the final enhanced image. Extensive experiments confirm superior performance across various metrics, including PCQI, UCIQE, UIQM, and IE, surpassing existing state-of-the-art methods. Feature preservation capabilities are validated using the Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm, highlighting the method’s potential in underwater exploration, photography, and robotic vision.
COMPARISON OF SUBARACHNOID BLOCK INDUCTION IN TRADITIONAL SITTING POSITION AND CROSSED LEG POSITION FOR CAESAREAN SECTION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesiology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College., H.Y Priyanka , Yahya Mohammed ,   Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, MahadevappaR ampure Medical College., Patil Priyanka ,   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesiology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College., B. Patil Pratima ,   Prof & HOD, Department of Anaesthesiology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:The position of the patient during spinal anaesthesia has a role in its success.Landmarks of the spine can be easily identified in sitting position.The traditional sitting position (TSP) and crossed leg sitting position (CLSP) are positions used for neuraxial anaesthesia.In this study, we compared the ease of performing subarachnoid blocks in these two positions.The objectives were to compare the attempts at subarachnoid placement of the spinal needle, patient comfort, ease of landmark palpation.

Methods:This randomized trial was performed in 80 parturients posted forcesarean section. Parturients were assigned randomly to two groups. In group TSP, the subarachnoid block was performed in sitting position with legs side by side hanging by the side of the bed with feet propped up on a chair and hugging a pillow and in group CLSP with knees and hips flexed and hugging a pillow.

Results:The percentage of parturients with a successful subarachnoid block in the first attempt was higher in the CLSP than in TSP group (87.5% versus 55%). The remaining 12.5% parturients in the CLSP group had successful block in the second attempt. In the TSP group, 32.5% required two attempts and 12.5% required more than two attempts. This difference was statistically significant (P-value of 0.003). The landmark was easily palpable in 92.5 versus 67.5% of parturients in CLSP and TSP, respectively, with a P-value of 0.014.

Conclusion: CLSP is better than the traditional sitting position for reducing the number of attempts and improving the ease of performing the subarachnoid blockin a parturient.
COVID-19 DETECTION USING CHEST X-RAYS WITH VGG-16 DEEP LEARNING MODEL
Authors:   Manipal School of Information Science AI/ML Dept Manipal, Karnataka India., Muralidharan Chinmay
Published: December 2024

This study demonstrates a deep learning approach using VGG-16 convolutional neural network to detect COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The model achieves a high classification accuracy of 93%, with balanced precision, recall, and F1-score values, demonstrating its potential as an efficient tool for assisting in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The results show that VGG-16 can generalize without significant overfitting, making it an effective method for COVID detection.
CASE REPORT: ACUTE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION IN A TODDLER DUE TO WATER-ABSORBING BEADS:
Authors:   Senior Specialist Registrar, Pediatric Dept Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health, UAE., Cheenammadath House Abdulrahiman , Bizzari Rikaz ,   Head of Pediatric Dept, Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health, UAE., A. Rahman Diary ,   Consultant Pediatric Surgery, Al Jalila Children Hospital, Dubai Health, UAE., A. Mukhtar Eyas ,   Senior Specialist Registrar, Pediatric Dept Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health, UAE.
Published: December 2024

This case report describes a 21-month-old boy who presented with recurrent non-bilious vomiting and poor oral intake, later diagnosed with acute small bowel obstruction caused by the ingestion of water-absorbing beads. The obstruction required exploratory laparotomy for removal of the beads. The case highlights the risks associated with these objects in pediatric populations and emphasizes the importance of thorough history-taking in such scenarios.
Mitigation potential and state support for forest climate projects in Russia
Authors: Bahtizina N. V. , Khabriev B. R. , Maziev M. D.
Published: December 2024

Russia, which has significant potential to increase the absorption capacity of ecosystems, capable of providing it with the status of a global climate donor, currently does not use such a mitigation tool as forest climate projects effectively enough. The reasons for this are the immaturity of the domestic regulatory framework and the mechanism of state support for forest climate projects, as well as the low activity of Russian companies in the national and international voluntary carbon markets. The article considers estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and absorption in Russia and the world. The work defines the role of forestry in achieving the key long-term goal of the national climate policy - achieving a balance between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption by 2060. The authors disclose the content of forest climate projects, show their importance for the socio-ecological-economic system of the regions and substantiate the need to provide state support to priority projects. The article proposes an approach to the assessment and selection of forest climate projects for state support in the regions.
Spatial development tools
Authors: Odintsova A. V.
Published: December 2024

The expert and scientific communities are actively discussing the draft of the new (updated) strategy for spatial development of the Russian Federation. In order for this discussion to be fruitful, it is important to assess the capabilities of the existing and tested in Russian conditions spatial development tools and mechanisms of infrastructure support for regions. It is important to assess the results of their functioning in terms of the goals facing spatial development as a whole. The article provides a description of the main spatial development tools that provide infrastructure support for the socio-economic development of regions: state programs (primarily individual programs for the socio-economic development of regions), preferential regimes (special economic zones, territories of advanced socio-economic development, the Free Port of Vladivostok, the Special Administrative Region, the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation), as well as a set of mechanisms included in the Infrastructure Menu project (infrastructure budget loans, special treasury loans, DOM.RF infrastructure bonds). The results of the mechanisms used and the dynamics of their distribution in Russia are considered using the example of the implementation of individual programs and projects.
Reklam Üretim Süreci Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ ve Yaratıcı Düşünce: Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz
Authors: Köse Gonca , Geçit Erdem , Yeygel Çakır Sinem
Published: December 2024

Endüstrinin yeni devrimi olarak nitelendirilebilecek yapay zekânın, reklam ve yaratıcı düşünce ile olan ilişkisi, bu ilişkinin akademik boyutunun ortaya konması bu çalışmanın ana amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bibliyometrik analiz tekniği kullanılarak yapılan araştırmada, Web of Science veri tabanından elde edilen veri setleri Wosviever programıyla analiz edilmiştir. 2014-2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış konu ile ilgili toplam 15 makalenin bulunduğu, en fazla çalışmanın 2022 yılında yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yayınların ülkeler bağlamında “ağ haritası “incelendiğinde en çok atıf alan ülkeler sırasıyla Kanada (97), USA (85), İngiltere (81), Avustralya (72); konu bağlamında en fazla makale yayınlayan ve atıf alan dergi ise Journal of Advertising’dir. En sık kullanılan anahtar kelimeler, gerçekleşme ve bağlantı sayısı incelendiğinde sırasıyla; artificial intelligence (yapay zekâ), advertising (reklamcılık), machine learning (makine öğrenimi), advertising creativity (reklam yaratıcılığı)’dır. Elde edilen bulgular neticesinde konuya ilişkin çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu tespit edilmiş, kavramlar arası ilişkiler, kavramların ülke ve yayın bağlamları da ortaya konmuştur. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, akademisyenler ve sektör uzmanları için yeni çalışma alanları açmış ve yapay zekânın, yaratıcı üretim sürecinin farklı konu başlıkları altında incelenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur.
Apathy Associated with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Bo , Chang Yajuan , Huang Shuming
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Objective:

Apathy is a multidimensional and complex disease that is the
primary neuropsychiatric symptom among those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet,
apathy in AD is sometimes underestimated.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus,
and Web of Science. The search utilized specific keywords related to apathy and Alzheimer's disease
(e.g., "apathy," "Alzheimer's disease," "neuropsychiatric symptoms," "front-striatal circuitry").
The studies were selected based on pre-defined criteria, including publication date (within the last
10 years), peer-reviewed status, and relevance to neurobiological, neurochemical, and behavioral
aspects of apathy in AD. The articles were screened through title and abstract reviews, followed by
full-text evaluations to ensure they met the inclusion criteria, such as relevance to apathy in Alzheimer's
patients, study design rigor, and methodological quality.

Results:

Some research on the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of apathy in AD
points to the role of the front-striatal circuitry, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In
addition, we reviewed the neurochemical, neuropsychological, and neuropathological characteristics
believed to be associated with apathy symptoms.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that understanding the intricate neurobiological underpinnings of
apathy in AD is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Our analysis suggests that a multimodal
approach, incorporating both pharmacological and personalized non-pharmacological strategies,
could enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve patient outcomes. This highlights the need for
future research to explore these combined treatment modalities and their potential to alleviate apathy
in AD patients.
A Comprehensive Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds-Based Novel Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Agrawal Akshat , Ghosh Vijayalakshmi , Uddin Ajaz , Jain Parag
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation
in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventual joint damage. This condition occurs
when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes
surrounding the joints. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and preventing
joint damage through a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Recently, biological therapies have been introduced, including Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)
blockers (such as etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab), IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab), and interleukin-
1 inhibitors (anakinra). These treatments can lead to various side effects. The use of herbalbased
treatments, such as secondary metabolites, has gained popularity due to their better tolerability,
safety, and effectiveness compared to conventional therapies. However, there are also some
limitations, like poor bioavailability and permeability and lower stability; to overcome these issues,
Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have been introduced as better treatment options in recent
years. Polymer science advancements and nanotechnology applications have opened new avenues
for RA treatment, emphasizing the development of smart drug delivery systems. These systems aim
to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, newly synthesized
biocompatible drug delivery systems, combined with anti-inflammatory drugs composed of secondary
metabolites, offer potential solutions for RA.
Polyherbal Approach for the Management of Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease, Their Complications and Hangover: A Review
Authors: Ranjan Shashi , Pattanayak Shakti P. , Ranjan Gaurav
Published: December 2024

Alcohol consumption trouble is the leading cause of disability and illness in the world. Aside from its negative health consequences, alcohol also has a substantial economic impact on society. This burden manifests itself in the way of health-care costs together with personal expenses for the healing process of morbidities caused by alcohol consumption, di-minished earning capacity due to early death. The Government of India (GOI) is concentrating on implementing measures to deal with the alarming and rising cost of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and disabilities in the nation. After drinking, alcohol increases the release of leptin, called satiety hormone produced in adipose tissues, together with tumour necrosis fac-tor-alpha (TNF-α), which mitigates the hunger in alcoholics. After that, TNF-α triggers sec-ondary inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and inter-leukin-1β (IL-1β), to be over-expressed, which further reduces appetite. Recent research sug-gests that excessive lipid production, oxidative stress, inflammation along with the intricate connections between the body's immune system, alcohol metabolism and lipid metabolism, are some of the many factors that trigger liver disease caused by alcohol.

There are three medications, namely acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone that have been authorised by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of drinking dis-orders. However, these drugs have a number of drawbacks, including symptoms connected to the nervous system. This significant review discusses the scientific mechanisms behind a few particular bioactive constituents of medicinal plants that have been shown to significantly reduce hangover symptoms by detoxifying alcohol metabolites, influencing the metabolic process of alcohol and because of its antioxidants and/or anti-inflammatory capabilities.
Pengaruh Kemiskinan terhadap Praktik Dinasti Politik di Indonesia dan Filipina Tahun 2017-2021
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Putra Pradikta Hikam
Published: December 2024

This article aims to determine the influence between poverty and the expansion of political dynasties in the Philippines and Indonesia in 2017-2021. To provide comprehensive empirical, testing is carried out using multiple linear regression tests. The author uses multiple linear regression tests. The author uses three independent variables representing wealth through the variable Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Per Capita, welfare through the Human Development Index (HDI), and inequality through the Gini Ratio. As a result, the author finds empirical findings about the influence of poverty on political dynasties in both countries. In the Philippines, only wealth and prosperity can affect political dynasties. While in Indonesia, only wealth and prosperity can affect political dynasties. In general, poverty in both countries contributes to the expansion of political dynasties.
Era of Generalist Conversational Artificial Intelligence to Support Public Health Communications
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Kocaballi Ahmet Baki
Published: December 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health communication systems has introduced a transformative approach to public health management, particularly during public health emergencies, capable of reaching billions through familiar digital channels. This paper explores the utility and implications of generalist conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) advanced AI systems trained on extensive datasets to handle a wide range of conversational tasks across various domains with human-like responsiveness. The specific focus is on the application of generalist CAI within messaging services, emphasizing its potential to enhance public health communication. We highlight the evolution and current applications of AI-driven messaging services, including their ability to provide personalized, scalable, and accessible health interventions. Specifically, we discuss the integration of large language models and generative AI in mainstream messaging platforms, which potentially outperform traditional information retrieval systems in public health contexts. We report a critical examination of the advantages of generalist CAI in delivering health information, with a case of its operationalization during the COVID-19 pandemic and propose the strategic deployment of these technologies in collaboration with public health agencies. In addition, we address significant challenges and ethical considerations, such as AI biases, misinformation, privacy concerns, and the required regulatory oversight. We envision a future with leverages generalist CAI in messaging apps, proposing a multiagent approach to enhance the reliability and specificity of health communications. We hope this commentary initiates the necessary conversations and research toward building evaluation approaches, adaptive strategies, and robust legal and technical frameworks to fully realize the benefits of AI-enhanced communications in public health, aiming to ensure equitable and effective health outcomes across diverse populations.