bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provision of HIV viral load testing services in Zimbabwe: Secondary data analyses using data from health facilities using the electronic Patient Monitoring System
Authors: Apollo Tsitsi , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Phillips Andrew , Ndhlovu Chiratidzo , Cowan Frances M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Routine viral load (VL) testing among persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) enables earlier detection of sub-optimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and for appropriate management of treatment failure. Since adoption of this policy by Zimbabwe in 2016, the extent of implementation is unclear. Therefore we set out to determine among PLHIV ever enrolled on ART from 2004–2017 and in ART care for ≥12 months at health facilities providing ART in Zimbabwe: numbers (proportions) with VL testing uptake, VL suppression and subsequently switched to 2nd-line ART following confirmed virologic failure.

Materials and methods

We used retrospective data from the electronic Patient Monitoring System (ePMS) in which PLHIV on ART are registered at 525 public and 4 private health facilities.

Results

Among the 392,832 PLHIV in ART care for ≥12 months, 99,721 (25.4%) had an initial VL test done and results available of whom 81,932 (82%) were virally suppressed. Among those with a VL>1000 copies/mL; 6,689 (37.2%) had a follow-up VL test and 4,086 (61%) had unsuppressed VLs of whom only 1,749 (42.8%) were switched to 2nd-line ART. Lower age particularly adolescents (10–19 years) were more likely (ARR 1.34; 95%CI: 1.25–1.44) to have virologic failure.

Conclusion

The study findings provide insights to implementation gaps including limitations in VL testing; low identification of high- risk PLHIV in care and lack of prompt utilization of test results. The use of electronic patient-level data has demonstrated its usefulness in assessing the performance of the national VL testing program. By end of 2017 implementation of VL testing was sub-optimal, and virological failure was relatively common, particularly among adolescents. Of concern is evidence of failure to act on VL test results that were received. A quality improvement initiative has been planned in response to these findings and its effect on patient management will be monitored.
Identification of diabetes self-management profiles in adults: A cluster analysis using selected self-reported outcomes
Authors: Alexandre Ketia , Vallet Fanny , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle , Desrichard Olivier
Published: January 2021

The present study describes adult diabetes self-management (DSM) profiles using self-reported outcomes associated with the engagement in diabetes care activities and psychological adjustment to the disease. We used self-reported data from a community-based cohort of adults with diabetes (N = 316) and conducted a cluster analysis of selected self-reported DSM outcomes (i.e., DSM behaviors, self-efficacy and perceived empowerment, diabetes distress and quality of life). We tested whether clusters differed according to sociodemographic, clinical, and care delivery processes variables. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct DSM profiles that combined high/low levels of engagement in diabetes care activities and good/poor psychological adjustment to the disease. The profiles were differently associated with the variables of perceived financial insecurity, taking insulin treatment, having depression, and the congruence of the care received with the Chronic Care Model. The results could help health professionals gain a better understanding of the different realities facing people living with diabetes, identify patients at risk of poor outcomes related to their DSM, and lead to the development of profile-specific DSM interventions.
Single nucleotide polymorphism leads to daptomycin resistance causing amino acid substitution—T345I in MprF of clinically isolated MRSA strains
Authors: Nakamura Masaki , Kawada Hayato , Uchida Hiroki , Takagi Yusuke , Obata Shuichi , Eda Ryotaro , Hanaki Hideaki , Kitasato Hidero
Published: January 2021

Daptomycin (DAP) is one of the most potent antibiotics used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Due to an increase in its administration for combating MRSA infections, DAP non-susceptible (DAP-NS) MRSA strains have recently been reported in clinical settings. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the multiple peptide resistance factor (mprF) gene is the most frequently reported cause for the evolution of DAP-NS MRSA strains; however, there are some variations of SNPs that could lead to DAP-NS. In this study, we used two clinical MRSA strains, including DAP susceptible (DAP-S) and DAP-NS, isolated from the same patient at different time points. We introduced T345I SNP to mprF of the DAP-S MRSA strain using the gene exchange method with pIMAY vector. Further, we investigated the phenotype of the mutant strain, including drug susceptibility, cell surface positive charge, and growth speed. The mutant strain exhibited (i) resistance to DAP, (ii) up-regulation of positive surface charge, (iii) slower growth speed, and (iv) thickened cell walls. Hence, the SNP in mprF may have caused an up-regulation in MprF function, with a subsequent increase in positive surface charge. Cumulatively, these results demonstrated that the T345I amino acid substitution in mprF represents one of the primary causes of DAP-NS in MRSA strains.
Measuring research mistrust in adolescents and adults: Validity and reliability of an adapted version of the Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale
Authors: Knopf Amelia S. , Krombach Peter , Katz Amy J. , Baker Rebecca , Zimet Gregory
Published: January 2021

Mistrust of health care providers among persons of color is a significant barrier to engaging them in research studies. Underrepresentation of persons of color is particularly problematic when the health problem under study disproportionately affects minoritized communities. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of an abbreviated and adapted version of the Group Based Medical Mistrust Scale. The GBMMS is a 12-item scale with three subscales that assess suspicion, experiences of discrimination, and lack of support in the health care setting. To adapt for use in the research setting, we shortened the scale to six items, and replaced “health care workers” and “health care” with “medical researchers” and “medical research,” respectively. Using panelists from a market research firm, we recruited and enrolled a racially and ethnically diverse sample of American adults (N = 365) and adolescents aged 14–17 (N = 250). We administered the adapted scale in a web-based survey. We used Cronbach’s alpha to evaluate measure internal reliability of the scale and external factor analysis to evaluate the relationships between the revised scale items. Five of the six items loaded onto a single factor, with (α = 0.917) for adolescents and (α = 0.912) for adults. Mean scores for each item ranged from 2.5–2.9, and the mean summary score (range 6–25) was 13.3 for adults and 13.1 for adolescents. Among adults, Black respondents had significantly higher mean summary scores compared to whites and those in other racia/ethnic groups (p<0.001). There was a trend toward significance for Black adolescents as compared to white respondents and those in other racial/ethnic groups (p = 0.09). This five-item modified version of the GBMMS is reliable and valid for measuring research mistrust with American adults and adolescents of diverse racial and ethnic identities.
Learning strategies and their correlation with academic success in biology and physiology examinations during the preclinical years of medical school
Authors: Hogh Annemarie , Müller-Hilke Brigitte
Published: January 2021

Background

Efficient learning is essential for successful completion of the medical degree and students use a variety of strategies to cope with university requirements. However, strategies that lead to academic success have hardly been explored. We therefore evaluated the individual learning approaches used by a cohort of medical students in their first and second preclinical years and analyzed possible correlations with examination scores.

Methods

107 students participated in our longitudinal survey on cognitive, meta-cognitive and resource-oriented learning strategies using the LIST-questionnaire (Lernstrategien im Studium). The students were surveyed twice while in their first and second year of medical school, respectively and academic performances were assessed as scores obtained in two examinations written shortly after the LIST surveys. Statistical evaluations included comparisons and cluster analyses.

Results

We here identified four different patterns of learning strategy combinations, describing the relaxed, diligent, hard-working, and sociable learners. About half of the students stayed true to their initially registered pattern of learning strategy combinations while 53 students underwent a change between the first and second surveys. Changes were predominantly made between therelaxedand thesociableand between thediligentand thehard-workinglearners, respectively. Examination results suggested that thediligentandhard-workinglearners were academically more successful than therelaxedandsociableones.

Conclusion

Early habits of sociable learning were quickly abandoned however, not in favor of more successful patterns. It is therefore essential to develop interventions on learning skills that have a lasting impact on the pattern of the students´ learning strategy combinations.
Cervical Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Kacerovsky Marian , Pliskova Lenka , Bolehovska Radka , Lesko Daniel , Gerychova Romana , Janku Petr , Matlak Petr , Simetka Ondrej , Stranik Jaroslav , Faist Tomas , Mls Jan , Vescicik Peter , Jacobsson Bo , Musilova Ivana
Published: January 2021

Objective

To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and the cervical prevalence ofGardnerella vaginalisDNA in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM).

Method

In total, 405 women with singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid and amniotic fluid samples were collected at the time of admission. Bacterial andG.vaginalisDNA were assessed in the cervical fluid samples using quantitative PCR technique. Concentrations of interleukin-6 and MIAC were evaluated in the amniotic fluid samples. Loads ofG.vaginalisDNA ≥ 1% of the total cervical bacterial DNA were used to define the cervical prevalence ofG.vaginalisas abundant. Based on the MIAC and IAI, women were categorized into four groups: with intra-amniotic infection (both MIAC and IAI), with sterile IAI (IAI without MIAC), with MIAC without IAI, and without either MIAC or IAI.

Results

The presence of the abundant cervicalG.vaginaliswas related to MIAC (with: 65% vs. without: 44%;p= 0.0004) but not IAI (with: 52% vs. without: 48%;p= 0.70). Women with MIAC without IAI had the highest load of the cervicalG.vaginalisDNA (median 2.0 × 104copies DNA/mL) and the highest presence of abundant cervicalG.vaginalis(73%).

Conclusions

In women with PPROM, the presence of cervicalG.vaginaliswas associated with MIAC, mainly without the concurrent presence of IAI.
Survey of five major grapevine viruses infecting Blatina and Žilavka cultivars in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Crnogorac Ana , Panno Stefano , Mandić Ana , Gašpar Mladen , Caruso Andrea Giovanni , Noris Emanuela , Davino Salvatore , Matić Slavica
Published: January 2021

The sanitary status of grapevines has not yet been considered sufficiently in vineyards throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). An extensive survey of five major grapevine viruses in the country was carried out in 2019. A total of 630 samples from the two dominant autochthonous cultivars, named Žilavka and Blatina, were tested by DAS-ELISA for the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1 and 3), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). Eighty-eight % of the samples were positive for at least one virus, and all five viruses were detected, thought with different incidence, i.e. GLRaV-3 (84%), GFLV (43%), GLRaV-1 (14%), GFkV (10%) and ArMV (0.2%). The majority of infected plants (about 75%) were asymptomatic. Specific virus symptoms were observed in the remaining infected plants, together with the reported GLRaV vectors,Planococcus ficusandParthenolecanium corni, while nematodes of theXiphinemagenus were not found in the GFLV- or ArMV-infected vineyards. The GLRaV-3CPphylogenetic analyses showed 75–100% nucleotide identity between the BiH and reference isolates, and the BiH isolates clustered into the major group. The dNS/dS ratio indicated a negative selection of the virus population, and the lack of geographical structuring within the population was observed. In addition, putative GLRaV-3 recombinants with breakpoints in the 5’ of theCPgene were detected, while no recombinant strains were identified for the other four viruses. The obtained results indicate a deteriorated sanitary status of the cultivated grapevines, the prevalence and intraspecies genetic diversity of GLRaV-3 throughout the country. The establishment of certified grapevine material and adequate virus vector control is therefore of primary importance to prevent further spread of these viruses. This study presents the results of the first molecular characterisation of grapevine viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
La información turística online a escala local. Análisis de las webs oficiales de los ayuntamientos de Mallorca, España
Authors: Coll Ramis Miquel Àngel , Fuster Uguet Marc , Seguí Llinás Miguel
Published: January 2021

La búsqueda de información es un elemento clave a la hora de escoger un destino turístico, lo cual, provoca que la divulgación de información turística a través de internet sea uno de los principales objetivos que persiguen los destinos para intentar atraer a la demanda hacia su territorio. Este trabajo ha analizado la forma con la que los municipios de Mallorca ofrecen información turística a través de internet. Los resultados que se han obtenido muestran como a pesar de que el turismo es el principal motor económico de la isla, la mayoría de los municipios están ofreciendo de forma deficiente su información turística online.
Proceso metodológico de evaluación de la aptitud del territorio para actividades de turismo alternativo: caso de estudio Miramar-Playa Tortugas, Riviera Nayarit, México
Authors: Nájera González Areli , Carrillo González Fátima Maciel , Chávez Dagostino Rosa María , Nájera González Oyolsi
Published: January 2021

La inadecuada valoración del sistema natural y la falta de planeación, puede provocar prácticas de turismo alternativo alejadas del desarrollo sustentable que las mismas suponen. Por esta razón, el estudio de la aptitud del territorio es una herramienta fundamental de gestión previo a establecer cualquier actividad turística. La investigación tiene el objetivo mostrar un proceso metodológico de evaluación de la aptitud del territorio para actividades de turismo alternativo (ecoturismo, turismo de aventura y rural) teniendo como caso de estudio el corredor Miramar-Playa Tortugas, franja costera rural de interacción entre cinco ejidos perteneciente al proyecto Riviera Nayarit en el occidente de México. La zona aún no ha sido desarrollada turísticamente por lo que conserva gran parte de sus características originales: playas sin perturbación, manglares y corredores naturales para distintas especies como aves migratorias, tortuga marina y jaguar. La metodología está basada en el análisis de los rasgos físicos, biológicos y atributos socioeconómicos que presenta la zona, integrados a través de un sistema de información geográfica y la evaluación multicriterio. Teniendo como producto la propuesta de unidades con aptitud para turismo alternativo.
Eventos deportivos y turismo: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Tadini Rodrigo , Gauna Ruíz de León Carlos , Gandara José Manoel , Sacramento Pereira Elsa Cristina
Published: January 2021

La relación entre los eventos deportivos y el fenómeno del turismo ha sido una temática de investigación académica relevante en diferentes áreas del conocimiento. La presente publicación tiene como objetivo hacer una síntesis de la investigación que se ha desarrollado en los campos del deporte y turismo, con el fin de entender sus características, los métodos científicos utilizados, así como los principales hallazgos y limitaciones. Se hizo una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada sobre el tema en revistas indexadas en Scopus y en ISI Web of Science entre enero de 2010 y octubre de 2017, se desarrolló un protocolo para realizar búsquedas avanzadas en las bases de datos, se seleccionaron 94 artículos en 5 revistas científicas de turismo y deportes entre las que están en el cuartil más elevados de las bases citadas. Los resultados identifican los principales elementos de investigación, así como el aumento significativo en la producción científica. Existe un contenido amplio y diverso de análisis sobre las ciudades y países anfitriones de los últimos Juegos Olímpicos de Verano y de Invierno, de las últimas dos ediciones de la Copa del Mundo de fútbol FIFA, pero es limitado el número de trabajos bajo eventos deportivos regionales y locales. Se presentan los principales enfoques de abordaje en la investigación, que permiten entender la trascendencia de este segmento que tiene un crecimiento importante en todo el mundo.
A kreativitás megítélése a munkaerőpiacon (Creativity from view of job market)
Authors: Zoltayné Paprika Zita , Nagy Viktor
Published: January 2021

A cikk két, felsőoktatásban dolgozó oktató és kutató törekvése arra, hogy feltérképezze a frissen végzett egyetemi hallgatókkal szemben, a munkaerőpiac oldaláról érkező kreativitással kapcsolatos elvárásokat. Az alapötlet egy EU-kreativitáskutatásból nőtt ki, melyben magyar középiskolai tanárok is közreműködtek. A szerzők kutatásukba beépítettek egy válaszokat tartalmazó adatbázist (337 fő). Ezt követően generáltak egy másik mintát, amely az egyetemi hallgatókat fedte le (292 fő). A lánc harmadik elemeként on-line formában és személyes lekérdezéssel 112 HR-szakember véleményét kérdezték meg a kreativitás fontosságával, mérhetőségével, az ötletet adó EU-projekt kreativitással kapcsolatos állításaival és a kreativitás definíciójával kapcsolatban. Cikkük a válaszok kvantitatív feldolgozásának eredményeit ismerteti. ______ The paper is the product of a professor’s and a researcher’s (both working in higher education) aim to determine the expectations of the job market as regards creativity in fresh graduates. The idea for this came from an EU creativity study which had included Hungarian high school teachers. The authors have integrated the database (337 persons) of these teachers’ answers into the study. They also generated a second sample that covered university students (292 persons). As a third element, the authors assessed the opinion of 112 HR managers online and in person as regards the importance and measurability of creativity, as well as their views on the statements pertaining to and definition of creativity as given in the EU creativity project. The paper presents the results of the quantitative analysis of the responses.
Arts-based research in Psychiatry: A way to the examination of the popular beliefs about mental disorders
Authors: Pavez Fabián
Published: January 2021

Research about the depictions of psychiatry and mental disorders in popular culture has been scarce and often lacks systematized research strategies. However, this tendency has changed in the last few years and it is now possible to find articles which investigate the social representations of mental illness through the analysis of the media, music, films, and other artistic manifestations. One possible indication of the emerging relevance of this topic is the inclusion of the MeSH term 'Medicine in the Arts' in the database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine in 2018.

The study of the products of popular culture can give us information about common ideas present in the social imaginary regarding mental disease. One advantage of this type of study is the public character of the data. In addition, the fact that artistic productions persist over time enables access to information which could not be gathered through other qualitative research designs. In this way, the products of popular culture could be seen as what I call 'cultural fossils', which can be traced back' to the historical time in which they were produced.
Perceber para pertencer: uma reflexão sobre topofilia na Comunidade Tradicional Caiçara da Ilha Diana/Santos-SP
Authors: Rajab Victor Pinto , Farias Luciana Aparecida , Nakayama Cristina Rossi
Published: January 2021

O mundo de hoje nos pressiona por transformações. Neste sentido, até quando uma comunidade ainda reconhecidamente tradicional, conseguirá manter a transmissão da própria cultura e tradições para as futuras gerações? Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção ambiental dos moradores da comunidade tradicional caiçara da Ilha Diana, localizada próximo ao Complexo Portuário do município de Santos/SP. O trabalho envolveu crianças em idade escolar e adultos da região. Os resultados obtidos permitiram avaliar a presença ou não de sentimentos topofílicos entre os moradores, bem como avaliar qual o papel da escola neste processo de manutenção da cultura caiçara na Ilha Diana
Educação ambiental e sustentabilidade para problemas socioambientais em ambientes costeiros – uma contribuição para o Farol de Santa Marta, Laguna, SC.
Authors: Becker Thoy Mordardo Damiani
Published: January 2021

Nas regiões costeiras encontra-se uma diversidade de grupos humanos que vivem em contextos socioambientais singulares. Estes remetem para demandas de estudos e pesquisas inerentes a sua cultura, às questões socioeconômicas, à sociobiodiversidade e o desenvolvimento. No sul de Santa Catarina, encontra-se a população tradicional do Farol de Santa Marta que enfrenta um conjunto de realidades e transformações complexas. A partir de uma incursão cientifica, o presente artigo oferece uma contribuição para a formulação de ações educativas ambientais visando à sustentabilidade de seus modos de vida e por extensão a melhoria da qualidade do ambiente local, sugerindo elementos teóricos e práticos que, respectivamente, subsidiem estudos futuros.
E o clima deu à costa! Impacto do “Pequeno Ótimo Climático” e da “Pequena Idade do Gelo” na formação e evolução da laguna de Aveiro (Portugal)
Authors: Pereira Olegário Nelson Azevedo , Bastos Maria Rosário , Dias João Alveirinho
Published: January 2021

À medida que recuamos no tempo histórico torna-se cada vez mais complexa a tentativa de reconstituição de climas passados e seu impacte nos ecossistemas. Neste estudo faz-se uma correlação entre a irradiação solar e o crescimento da flecha arenosa (restinga) que permitiu a formação da laguna de Aveiro. Sabendo-se da controvérsia em torno da utilização de um só indicador (proxy) para a definição de fenómenos tão complexos como são o das oscilações climáticas, sempre que possível, estabelece-se um nexo entre as taxas médias de progressão anual da restinga com os dados conhecidos da NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) e dos grandes períodos climáticos. Detecta-se existir um ritmo mais intenso de desenvolvimento durante o “Pequeno Ótimo Climático” que é amortecido para uma velocidade de cerca de metade na Pequena Idade do Gelo.
Socio Economic Profile and Nutritional Status of the Rickshaw Pullers of Dhaka City Along with their Energy Intake Gap
Authors: Mahjabin Tasnima , Jubayer Ahmed , Islam Md. Hafizul , Kalam Kazi Abul , Nowar Abira , Khan Md. Nazrul Islam
Published: January 2021

Background
This study focused on nutritional status of the rickshaw pullers, their dietary energy and nutrients consumption along with their energy intake gap as compared to expenditure.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out at 15 different important locations of Dhaka city during December-January 2018. In total, 670 rickshaw pullers from these locations were randomly selected. Printed predesigned and validated semi structured questionnaire was used to record necessary information. Nutritional status was determined according to Asia specific BMI cut- off values. Energy expenditure was calculated using their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Physical Activity Level (PAL) value. 24-hour dietary recall method was administered for dietary analysis.

Results
About 65.4% of them were found within normal BMI range. About 11.5% were underweight and about 23.1% were found having more than normal BMI. Percentage of both underweight (39.0%) and overweight (35.8%) were found higher among those who were between 25 and 35 years. Average daily dietary energy consumption was 2391 kcal and energy expenditure were found 4608 kcal. Their energy consumption was found 2217 kcal less compared to their energy expenditure.

Conclusion
The current study revealed the nutritional status, dietary intake of the rickshaw pullers of Dhaka city and found energy gap in their dietary intake compared to their expenditure. For their better health and nutrition outcome integrated approach should be taken by the responsible authorities.
Modern Technologies of Designing Automation Systems
Authors: Pauluk Mariusz
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the currently used techniques for the development of the automation control systems. It begins with the introduction of the concepts used in software engineering: software crisis, software disaster, and software life cycle. The subsequent chapters extend the latter by including the most popular software development models. Then, based on the V model, the role of verification and validation in the software and controller life cycle is presented, and the test techniques used in the controller validation are given. These test types include: software in the loop, processor in the loop, and controller in the loop. The last chapter describes the technique of designing automation systems based on the advanced mathematical models Model-Based Design.
Protest and the persistence of the past
Authors: Bruey Alison J.
Published: January 2021

Protest has long been a motor of change in Chile. In October to December 2019 protesters in Santiago harnessed protest methods and memories of hope and change related to Salvador Allende’s Popular Unity government (1970–3), resistance to the Pinochet dictatorship (1973–90) and discontent with the subsequent decades of neoliberal democracy (1990–2019). The 2019 protests evoked this past in the struggle against the neoliberal system of today. In doing so, the protests offer a complex demonstration of temporal bridging that provides a window onto protest culture and the persistence of the past in contemporary Chile.
Potential degradation and colonization time of ruminal microorganisms on the particles of different oilseeds-crushed, and its chemical composition
Authors: Goes Rafael Henrique de Tonissi Buschinelli de , Souza Kennyson Alves de , Osmari Milene Puntel , Cardoso Thiago José de Lira , Oliveira Raquel Tenório de , Silva Nayara Gonçalves da , Gandra Jefferson Rodrigues , Souza Luiz Carlos Ferreira de
Published: January 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate by-product of the biodiesel industry as canola, safflower, forage turnip, and soybean crushed on the chemical composition, in situ degradability, and colonization time. Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), forage turnip (Raphanus stivus L. var. oleiferus Metzg), and soybean (Glycine max) grains went through the oil extraction process by means of a cold pressing, resulting in the oilseeds-crushed. The treatments identification included: CAN – Canola crushed; SAF – Safflower crushed; TUR – Forage turnip crushed; and SOY – Soybean crushed. The oilseed-crushed treatments were quantified about mineral (calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, phosphorus and potassium), chemical composition (dry matter, ash, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrient contents), In situ degradability, and colonization time. Magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc showed the greater values for TUR treatment 3.46, 27.4, 39.8, respectively, when compared to the other oilseed-crushed treatments. The TUR treatment had the lowest organic matter, whereas had the greater (p≤0.05; TUR and SOY treatments) for the non-fibrous carbohydrates. Ether extract was not affected (p>0.05) with the different oilseed-crushed treatments. Neutral detergent fiber was affected (p≤0.05) for CAN and SAF treatments with the greater values, 344 and 500 g/kg of dry matter, respectively. Soluble and potentially degradable fractions for SAF treatment showed similar results. Whereas the constant rate of degradation, presented the lowest value when compared to the other treatments. Effective degradability of crude protein was greater for CAN 63.2% than SOY 65.9% treatment, which had the lowest value. Potential degradability of crude protein did not differ between treatments. Colonization time for dry matter and crude protein were similar between TUR and SOY treatments. In conclusion, oilseeds-crushed from the biodiesel production can be targeted/used, as feed with great protein and energetic potential in the ruminant’s production, considering the need of correct formulation and ingredients knowledge.
Use of computational intelligence in the genetic divergence of colored cotton plants
Authors: Bonifácio Oliveira Cardoso Daniel , Amaral Medeiros Luiza , Oliveira Carvalho Gabriela de , Motta Pimentel Izabela , Xavier Rojas Gabriella , Araujo Sousa Lara , Medeiros Souza Gabriel , Barbosa de Sousa Larissa
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity using conventional methods and artificial neural networks among 12 colored fiber cotton genotypes, using technological characteristics of the fiber and productivity in terms of cottonseed and cotton fiber yield. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area located at Fazenda Capim Branco, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Twelve genotypes of colored fiber cotton were evaluated, 10 from the Cotton Genetic Improvement Program (PROMALG): UFUJP - 01, UFUJP - 02, UFUJP - 05, UFUJP - 08, UFUJP - 09, UFUJP - 10, UFUJP - 11, UFUJP - 13, UFUJP - 16, UFUJP - 17 and two commercial cultivars: BRS Rubi (RC) and BRS Topázio (TC). The experimental design used was complete randomized block (CRB) with three replications. The following evaluations were carried out at full maturation: yield of cottonseed (kg ha-1) and the technological characteristics, which include, fiber length, micronaire, maturation, length uniformity, short fiber index, elongation and strength, using the HVI (High volume instrument) device. Genetic dissimilarity was measured using the generalized Mahalanobis distance and after obtaining the dissimilarity matrix, the genotypes were grouped using a hierarchical clustering method (UPGMA). A discriminant analysis and the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM) by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN’s) were performed through computational intelligence. SOM was able to detect differences and organize the similarities between accesses in a more coherent way, forming a larger number of groups, when compared to the method that uses the Mahalanobis matrix. It was also more accurate than the discriminant analysis, since it made it possible to differentiate groups more coherently when comparing their phenotypic behavior. The methods that use computational intelligence proved to be more efficient in detecting similarity, with Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map being the most adequate to classify and group cotton genotypes.
Oral health self-perception for transgender people: a controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: Prates Sara Gomes , Jesuíno Romulo Dias , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Herval Álex Moreira , Gontijo Liliane Parreira Tannús
Published: January 2021

This article aims to verify the use of dental services, oral health self-perception, and the impacts of oral health on the daily lives of transgender people. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in which transvestites, transsexuals, and transgender people were compared to cisgender people. For data collection, the oral health self-perception questionnaire was applied to 90 people, from which 45 were cisgender and 45 were transgender. There were no differences regarding access to dental services. The data analysis revealed that transgender people perceive their teeth to cause nervousness (p=0.002) and shame (p=0.033), respectively 3.8 and 5.0 times higher than that observed for cisgender people. Although differences in access were not observed, there was a difference in the perception of the need for treatment and the impacts of oral health. Therefore, it is important to consider that comprehensive care for the transgender population should go beyond the treatment of oral diseases and include aesthetic expectations as well.
Influence of dental erosion on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems: an in vitro study
Authors: Menezes-Júnior Laerte Ribeiro , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira , Vilela Andomar Bruno Fernandes , Soares Carlos José , Nóbrega Diego Figueiredo , Marinho Renata Marques de Melo , Rode Sigmar de Mello , Nahsan Flávia Pardo Salata , Paranhos Luiz Renato
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems to intact and eroded teeth. Ceramic brackets were bonded to 72 bovine central incisors divided into four groups, defined by two study factors: enamel condition (control group, kept in artificial saliva; and experimental group, eroded by using immersion cycles in Coke™ for 90 seconds, every six hours for five days), and adhesive system type (Transbond™ XT or Transbond™ Plus Color Change). Polycrystalline ceramic brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens using the same light curing protocol. SBS was tested using 0.5 mm/min and the failure mode was classified. SBS data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc pairwise comparison (α=0.05). Percentages of ARI scores between the groups were compared by Fisher’s exact test. Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied to investigate the correlation between ARI scores and SBS values. Only the adhesive system factor had significant effect on SBS (p=0.014), Transbond™ Plus Color Change showing higher values. No significance was found for enamel condition (p=0.665) or the interaction between adhesive system and enamel condition (p=0.055). ARI scores frequencies differed between groups (p<0.001). The median ARI scores were statistically different for most comparisons among the groups. However, no significant correlation was found between ARI scores and SBS. In conclusion, the type of adhesive system affected the SBS of ceramic brackets to dental enamel, but the enamel condition, intact or eroded, had no significant effect. There was no correlation between ARI scores and SBS values, although eroded enamel tended to retain more adhesive after bracket removal.
Radical Women: Fighting for Power and the Vote in New Jersey!
Authors: Rich Susanna
Published: January 2021

Radical Women: Fighting for Power and the Vote in New Jersey! Reviewed by Susanna Rich
El Regolamento (UE) 1215/2012. Marco jurídico comunitario para la resolución de conflictos de competencia y la libre circulación de decisiones en el àmbito de la exportación de productos agroalimentarios
Authors: Serrano Martín Jesús María
Published: January 2021

Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 applies in civil and commercial matters, with the exception of criminal law, family law, insolvency law, succession law and other matters specified in that Regulation, such as social security or arbitration. Under the new law, the so-called exequatur procedure under Brussels I Regulation has been abolished. This means that a judicial decision issued in one of the EU Member States is recognised in other EU Member States without the need for a special procedure. If it is enforceable in the State in which the judgment was given, there is no need for a declaration of enforceability. There must be a link between the proceedings falling within the scope of this Regulation and the territory of EU Member States. Common rules on jurisdiction should in principle apply when the defendant is domiciled in one of the EU Member States. A defendant who is not domiciled in any of the EU Member States (whose habitual residence is outside the EU) should in principle be subject to the national rules of jurisdiction applicable in the territory of the EU Member State where the action has been brought. However, irrespective of the defendant’s residence, certain rules on jurisdiction apply in order to ensure the protection of consumers and workers, and to protect the jurisdiction of EU courts in situations where they have exclusive jurisdiction (e.g. in the case of real estate), and to respect the autonomy of the parties. The author addressed these issues to trade in agri-food products in the European Union.
Polska bibliografia prawnorolna za rok 2017
Authors: Gała Paweł , Czerwińska-Koral Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

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Przeciwdziałanie degradacji ziemi i gleby jako globalne wyzwanie dla prawa
Authors: Goździewicz-Biechońska Justyna
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to identify the problem of land and soil degradation and to recognise the need to counteract these processes as a challenge for the law and policy. The importance of this issue and its connection with the globalisation of food systems (especially the need to consider the interdependencies existing between the aspects of globalisation of food systems and land degradation) has been highlighted and the state of protection of soil and land under international and European Union law described. Given the global effects of land degradation and land scarcity and the fact that regional and local land use decisions are heavily dependent on geographically distant factors, legal instruments to combat land and soil degradation that are local or regional in nature may not be sufficient. Hence the need for action through instruments of international environmental law.
Spółdzielnie wobec wyzwań współczesnego rolnictwa w Polsce
Authors: Suchoń Aneta
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether and to what extent the legal regulation of agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning respond to the challenges of modern agriculture in Poland. It has been shown that following Poland’s accession to the European Union, the activity of Polish agricultural cooperatives has been focused not only on production but also on supporting the activity of co-op-producers of agricultural produce. As a result Polish agriculture has being developing well and, at the same time, in line with EU policies. By regulating agricultural cooperatives, their organisation and functioning, the legislator seeks to respond to the challenges of modern agriculture, although there is no doubt that further legislative changes are necessary.
Realizacja zrównoważonej gospodarki leśnej w wymiarze lokalnym, regionalnym i globalnym – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors: Leśkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether and if so, how the legislator shapes the harvesting of timber in a manner consistent with the objectives of sustainable forest management. The implementation of forest management is strongly influenced by global conditions. At the regional level, the legislator has defined “measures” implemented to counteract the marketing of illegally harvested timber. They are known as the EU’s “due diligence system” used in the timber supply chain “from forest to final purchaser.” At the local level, the instruments to achieve this objective of sustainable forest management include control, supervision and sanctions for breaches of Regulations 995/2010 and 2173/2005, while in practice, it is global market practices and related global conformity assessment systems relating to national forestry legislation that ultimately determine how the principles of the due diligence system will be implemented.
Nowa żywność a współczesne wyzwania żywnościowe – wybrane aspekty prawne
Authors: Sokołowski Łukasz Mikołaj
Published: January 2021

The subject of the discussion is the regulation of novel foods, in particular EU Regulation No. 2015/2283, while the aim of the article is to answer the question whether novel foods can help to meet modern food challenges, and in particular to ensure food safety and food security. The solutions adopted in the Regulation enable alternative food to be placed on the EU market, ensuring at the same time a high level of protection of consumers’ health and life. Novel foods are therefore an opportunity to make the right to food a reality, but only if it does not pose a risk to human health and life. Hence, the regulation of the placing of novel foods on the market focuses in particular on ensuring their safety.
Estudio de la cristaluria: efectividad de la incorporación de medidas higiénico-dietéticas en los informes de laboratorio
Authors: Sienes Bailo Paula , Santamaría González María , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia , Lahoz Alonso Raquel , Serrano Frago Patricia , Bancalero Flores José Luis
Published: January 2021

Objetivos

El presente estudio evalúa la efectividad de incorporar medidas higiénico-dietéticas en los informes de laboratorio comparando la incidencia de cólicos nefríticos (CN) en dos grupos de pacientes que presentaron, al menos, un evento de cristaluria asociada con riesgo litogénico, indicando solo a uno de ellos la introducción de estas recomendaciones.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Grupo A: 1.115 pacientes que en el año 2017 presentaron al menos un episodio de cristaluria asociada con riesgo litogénico y no recibieron recomendaciones higiénico-dietéticas con el informe de laboratorio. Grupo B: 1.692 pacientes que en el año 2018 presentaron al menos un episodio de cristaluria asociada con riesgo litogénico y recibieron recomendaciones higiénico-dietéticas con el informe de laboratorio. Las diferencias entre grupos según sexo, edad y tipo de cristales urinarios fueron analizadas mediante pruebas χ2 y U de Mann–Whitney.

Resultados

La incidencia de CN fue de 2,24% en el grupo A v 1,12% en el grupo B. Los pacientes del grupo A presentaron 2,02 veces más CN que los del grupo B. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la incidencia de CN según el tipo de cristal urinario. La incidencia de CN en pacientes que presentaron al menos un evento de cristaluria asociada con riesgo litogénico durante el año de estudio fue mucho mayor que la de la población general en el mismo período (0,46%, similar a las publicadas previamente).

Conclusiones

La introducción de mensajes que alertan sobre el riesgo litogénico junto con la inclusión de medidas higiénico-dietéticas en los informes de laboratorio son herramientas para tratar de reducir la incidencia de CN.
Increased concentrations of procalcitonin in patients with paracetamol intoxication
Authors: García de Guadiana Romualdo Luis , Rodríguez Rojas Carlos , Ramos Arenas Verónica , Cárdenas Gámez Rubén , López Abellán María Dolores , González Morales Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Paracetamol intoxication is one of the causes of elevated procalcitonin concentrations unrelated to infection. We report a case series of two patients intoxicated with paracetamol whose laboratory data revealed a significant elevation of serum procalcitonin concentrations without clinical, radiological and/or biological evidence of infection. The underlying mechanism by which paracetamol triggers an increase in procalcitonin concentrations is still unclear.

Case presentation

We report two cases of paracetamol intoxication. Both patients were admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) and subsequently transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The patients exhibited elevated procalcitonin levels during the first hours of admission without clinical and/or microbiological evidence of infection that could explain such increase. Notably, only Case 1 developed liver injury, with alterations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin and esterified bilirubin concentrations, which were not observed in Case 2.

Conclusions

The two patients showed elevated procalcitonin concentrations resulting from paracetamol intoxication, although only a patient exhibited signs of liver injury. These findings suggest that increased procalcitonin levels induced by a paracetamol overdose cannot be fully explained by hepatocyte injury alone, but other mechanisms involving other organs and tissues may also be associated. In any case, although this mechanism is not well understood, it is important to be aware of this limitation when using procalcitonin as a biomarker of infection in patients intoxicated with paracetamol.
Management of postanalytical processes in the clinical laboratory according to ISO 15189:2012 Standard requirements: considerations on the review, reporting and release of results
Authors: López Yeste Mᵃ Liboria , Izquierdo Álvarez Silvia , Pons Mas Antonia R. , Álvarez Domínguez Luisa , Marqués García Fernando , Rodríguez Mᵃ Patrocinio Chueca , Blanco Font Aurora , Bernabeu Andreu Francisco A. , García Álvarez Ana , Contreras Sanfeliciano Teresa , Pascual Gómez Natalia , Sánchez Gancedo Lorena , Guiñón Muñoz Leonor
Published: January 2021

The objective of this paper is to share some considerations about the management of postanalytical processes in relation to the review, reporting and release of test results in accordance with UNE-EN ISO 15189:2013 Standard requirements. The scope of this paper includes postanalytical activities and the personnel involved (laboratory management and staff). We describe the criteria and information required to review and validate analytical results and ensure that clear reports are sent to requesters. These criteria also guarantee that results are transcribed in a reliable way and that all necessary information is provided for the correct interpretation of results. Likewise, the requirements for the correct release of laboratory results are described, with special emphasis on the release of alarming or critical results. In some European countries, clinical laboratories are required to hold partial or full ISO 15189 accreditation, which is a global trend. Therefore, understanding ISO 15189 requirements is imperative for a progressive and more effective implementation of the Standard.