bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversations in and on IR: Labeling, Framing and Delimiting IR Discipline
Authors: Grenier Felix
Published: March 2017

Calling for genuine and open dialogues between research agendas and theoretical orientations, this article seeks to put “conversations” at the center of the process of discipline-building. Just as Steve Smith declared: “We construct, and reconstruct, our disciplines just as much as we construct, and reconstruct, our world” (2004: 510), we intend to convene researchers in IR to reflect on the way we build and represent our discipline, our object of study and our community’s purposes. Applying discursive analysis and Emanuel Alder’s communitarian constructivist approach to the discipline of IR, this article will particularly discuss the use of mechanisms of labeling, cognitive structuring, and disciplinary debates to the framing of IR itself. It will propose some answers to questions such as: “What is the content and appropriate label of the discipline?”, “Who constitutes the disciplinary community?”, and “What is the legitimate purpose of the discipline?” and finally underlie some questions and contradictions in the way we understand such issues.
Global Governance and Cosmopolitan Democracy: Bridging the gap between proponents and opponents
Authors: Frangonikolopoulos Christos A. , Proedrou Filippos
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to seize the middle ground between the advocates and the critics of cosmopolitan democracy. Although a number of critiques raised with regard both to the feasibility and the suitability of the project are rightly raised, a trajectory towards cosmopolitanism is necessary at a time when globalization not only connects different parts of the world in an unprecedented way, but also more than ever creates the need for more extensive cooperation, collective and effective global governance. Bearing that in mind, and with the aim to surpass the pessimism of the critics, the paper examines how global governance can become more inclusive and symmetrical by pursuing a gradualist approach in comparison to the more holistic cosmopolitan project.
Why SEPs have been involved in Antitrust Cases – From A Chinese Scholar’s Perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaoye
Published: March 2017

If patents have been included in a technical standard and thus have become standard essential patents (SEPs), the SEP holders normally have to commit to the Standard Setting Organization (SSO) to license their SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms. Although the FRAND commitments already put constraints on the patentees, more and more disputes over FRAND licensing fees involving SEPs are reaching antitrust enforcement agencies and courts, perhaps due to the fact that the FRAND commitments are often not workable. As demonstrated in the case Huawei v. IDC in Chinese courts, SEPs have special characteristics compared to non-SEPs, i.e. the licensing of SEPs relates more to the public interest, the holders of the SEPs may be thought to have dominant positions in the licensing market of their SEPs, the holder of the SEPs often have made commitments to license on the FRAND terms, and the holder of the SEPs should be allowed to use the injunctive relief only in limited circumstances. This article also proposes that Article 55 of the Chinese Antimonopoly Law (AML) should be reconsidered because it exempts the undertakings who exercise their IPRs in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on IPRs from the application of the AML. However, as this article shows, the excessive royalty requested or the injunction sought by the holder of SEPs may not violate the patent law, but nonetheless may violate the antitrust law.
As janelas da Cidade-Ciborgue: análise fílmica – Denise Está Chamando; Medianeras e Her
Authors: De Souza Vaz Aline Aparecida
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho busca reflexões a respeito dos processos e práticas comunicacionais representados nos filmes Denise está Chamando (Denise Calls Up, Hal Salwen, 1995), Medianeras: Buenos Aires na Era do Amor Virtual (Medianeras, Gustavo Taretto, 2011) e Ela (Her, Spike Jonze, 2013). Procura-se analisar à moda de André Lemos, como as modificações nas práticas comunicacionais reconfiguram a arquitetura externa e interna das cidades, afetando o modo como o sujeito olha e é olhado pelo espaço habitado (Didi-Huberman; 2010). Percebe-se que as janelas da arquitetura da cidade-ciborgue (Lemos; 2007) podem privilegiar a clausura do sujeito, em uma estética da distância, segurança e invisibilidade (Bauman; 2009) ou compor um hibrido entre o público e o privado (Canevacci; 2009).
A potência pedagógica da cultura visual
Authors: Gava Sabrina Da Silva
Published: March 2017

O presente texto busca descrever sumariamente a obra "Cartas sem reposta: a internet, a educação, o cinema e o Luciano Huck", de Cezar Migliorin - ensaísta, professor e pesquisador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Escrita em forma de cartas, essa obra busca dialogar com diferentes personalidades identificáveis no meio cultural sobre a televisão, o cinema e a internet – universos midiáticos nos quais a sociedade é construída e que lidam com as formas das pessoas serem vistas e se verem, com as formas de ser e de se pensar hoje. Uma obra provocadora, instigante e atual e que vale a pena ser lida.
As transmissões esportivas e o papel da TV Pública no país: uma análise a partir dos casos da TV Cultura e da TV Brasil
Authors: Cestari Priscila Eugenia , Rocco Jr Ary José
Published: March 2017

Mais de seis décadas após o surgimento da TV no Brasil, o futebol segue como a modalidade esportiva que mais conta com tempo de exposição na TV, seja ela aberta ou fechada. Os principais campeonatos de futebol são transmitidos por empresas privadas, que compram os direitos de transmissão em troca de retorno financeiro e de audiência. Enquanto isso, a TV Pública surge como alternativa às emissoras comerciais para a transmissão de eventos esportivos que não tem espaço na mídia comercial. Esse artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as experiências de emissoras de caráter público como a TV Cultura-SP e a TV Brasil a partir da inclusão de programas e transmissões esportivas na grade de programação.
TV Pública: culturas e regionalidades
Authors: Coiro Moraes Ana Luiza , Weber Santos Nádia Maria
Published: March 2017

Texto de apresentação do dossiê TV Pública: culturas e regionalidades.
Ensino de Jornalismo: referências para a formação acadêmica
Authors: De Moura Claudia Peixoto
Published: March 2017

O artigo registra as principais fontes bibliográficas sobre o ensino de Jornalismo, no Brasil e em Portugal, no período de 2000 a 2016, que está em sintonia com o tempo referente às discussões a respeito das diretrizes curriculares e sua implantação em nosso país, bem como ao ‘Tratado da Amizade’. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental foi realizada para o levantamento das referências existentes nos portais de universidades, nos sites de editoras e divulgadas na internet. As referências bibliográficas brasileiras e portuguesas indicadas neste texto são aquelas selecionadas entre as várias fontes reveladas na busca inicial, cujas escolhas estão vinculadas ao meu interesse específico pela pesquisa sobre o ensino para uma formação qualificada e com dimensões sociais.
UJI PROGENI INDUK BETINA NILA GIFT (Oreochromis sp.) HASIL FEMINISASI UNTUK MENDAPATKAN BETINA FUNGSIONAL XY
Authors: Kurniasih Titin , Arifin Otong Zaenal , Nugroho Estu
Published: March 2017

Uji progeni terhadap 200 ekor induk nila betina hasil feminisasi (pengalihan kelamin dari jantan menjadi betina) untuk mendapatkan induk nila betina fungsional XY dalam rangkapembentukan induk nila jantan homogamet YY telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan induk nila betina fungsional XY di antara 200 induk betina tersebut. Masing-masinginduk betina dipijahkan dengan jantan normal (XY) secara berpasangan dalam hapa yang terpisah.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN SEL UTUH (WHOLE CELL) BAKTERI VIBRIO TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKEBALAN TUBUH UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon FABR.) DARI SERANGAN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS(WSSV)
Authors: Madeali Mun Lmah , Atmomarsono Muharijadi , Hamzah Ahdiah
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan lipopolisakarida (bakterin) dan konsentrasi bakterin paling tepat yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap peningkatan kekebalan tubuh serta sintasan benur windu dari serangan WSSV. Lipopolisakarida yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil ekstraksi dari baktiri Vibrio harueyi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan yaitu pemberian bakterin dengan konsentrasi 0 mg/L (A = kontrot), 20 glkg pakan (B), 30 g/kg pakin (cj, dan 40 g/ kg pakan (D). Ulangan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali untuk tiap perlakuan aan setiap ulangan menggunakan 80 ekor benur windu.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MUSIM DENGAN KADAR CAULERPIN DALAM Caulerpa racemosa
Authors: Januar Hedi Lndra , Wikanta Thamrin , Hastarini Emma
Published: March 2017

Makroalga hijau caulerpa racemosa dipanen pada musim berbeda, yaitu pada musim penghujan (Mei 2003) dan pada musim kemarau (Agustus 2003).
PENGARUH PENUNDAAN PENGOLAHAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN HISTAMIN IKAN LISONG (Scomber australascus CV)
Authors: Dwiyitno Dwiyitno , Subaryono Subaryono , Suryanti Suryanti
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh penundaan pengolahan terhadap kandungan histamin ikan lisong (Scomber australasicus CV), Penundaan pengolahan dilakukan pada suhu kamar dan suhu rendah (es).
PENGGUNAAN ARANG UNTUK MENGURANGI KADAR HISTAMIN IKAN PINDANG TONGKOL BATIK (Euthynnus affinis)
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , Ariyani Farida , Dwiyitno Dwiyitno
Published: March 2017

Penefitian penambahan arang pada proses pemindangan ikan tongkol batik (Euthynnus affinis) untuk menurunkan kadar histamin sudah dilakukan.
PERKEMBANGAN HISTAMIN SELAMA PROSES FERMENTASI PEDA DARI IKAN KEMBUNG (Rasfrelliger negtecfus)
Authors: Heruwati Endang Sri , Sukarto Suwarno T , Syah Sinta Utiya
Published: March 2017

Penelitian mengenai perkembangan histamin selama proses pengolahan ikan peda telah dilakukan.
EKSTRAKSIGELATIN DARI KULIT IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypopthalmus) SECARA PROSES ASAM
Authors: Peranginangin Rosmawaty , Haq Nurul , Ma'ruf Widodo Farid , Rusli Arham
Published: March 2017

Ekstraksi gelatin dari kulit ikan patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus) telah dilakukan dengan perlakuan perendaman kulit dalam asam sitrat dalam berbagai pH yailu. 2, 3 dan 4 dengan variasi fama perendaman 12,24 dan 36 jam.
OPTIMASI PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA UDANG DOGOL (Metapenaeus ensis de Haan) Dl PERAIRAN CILACAP DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Suman Ali
Published: March 2017

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan strategi pemanfaatan sumber daya udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensrs de Haan) secara optimal di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya, yang dilaksanakan dari Desember 2002 sampai dengan Juni 2003. Metode yang digunakan adalah model optimasi program linearuntuk menentukan kombinasi unit penangkapan yang optimal.
ASPEK BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN TERBANG Cypsilurus spilopterus DI PERAIRAN TUAL, MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Syam Amran Ronny , Zubaidi Thohir , Edrus Isa Nagib
Published: March 2017

Penelitian beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi dari dua jenis ikan terbang (C. Otigolepis dan C. Sgilogerus) telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 1994 di Perairan Tual, Maluku Tenggara. kedua jenis ikan terbang ditangkap oleh nelayan setempat dengan menggunakan jaring insang hanyut lmata laring U inci). Ukuranikan rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad pada ikan betina Cypsilurus oligolepis aaaian iZ,gO cm dan pada ikan betina-Cypsllurus spilopterus adalah 28,48 cm.
Economía política del conocimiento: contrapunto
Authors: Didriksson Axel
Published: March 2017

Resumen El análisis de la relación entre la educación y el desarrollo económico se está renovando, debido a las nuevas apreciaciones del contexto económico-social y global; y con ello cambia también la perspectiva del concepto de capital humano, y también altera la forma en que se produce este en las instituciones de educación. Las nuevas bases de organización y formación del conocimiento, son hoy un nuevo valor social y económico que se configuran en periodos de transición estructural de onda larga con efectos y causas desiguales entre lo que está surgiendo y lo que está en proceso; en donde las políticas públicas y las instituciones universitarias, culturales y todas las relacionadas con el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología, llegan a ser determinantes para definir el sentido que se adopte respecto al tipo de sociedad al que se aspira. Este trabajo analiza algunos puntos que coyunturalmente han explicado los modelos de política económica, que determinaron la forma de construir el conocimiento y, en su orden más general, han configurado los escenarios en los que se configuró la económica política históricamente, puntos que ahora enfrentan un revisión en su vigencia y re-planteamiento.
Modified asphalt-based crack and joint repair system
Authors: Kar Siksha S. , Solanki Ravinder , Kumar Gajender , Jain Pramod K.
Published: March 2017

Pavement cracking is a common type of distress seen on the majority of Indian road surfaces with the passage of time. The formation of cracks in a road surface is due to various reasons, such as excessive deflection of the pavement surface, failure of the granular layers due to repeated traffic loading, weakening of the sub-grade due to the ingress of excessive moisture, overloading by commercial vehicles and brittleness of bituminous binder due to ageing, as well as lowering of the surface temperature. In this study, a new method was used to seal cracks and joints in rigid and flexible pavements. The material used is a plasticised resin-ester binder blended with thermoplastic rubber and acetate co-polymers. Special equipment is used for the production and application of the mix. This paper reports on laboratory and field evaluations of the new crack-sealing method. The laboratory experiments are described and results of the performance of the mixture, such as resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength, are presented. The skid resistance was found to be improved, compared with existing concrete and flexible pavement surfaces under both dry and wet conditions. Details of the performance of the proposed new crack-sealing material and its method of application are presented.
Vehicles for rural transport services in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dennis Ron , Pullen Keith
Published: March 2017

There is a critical lack of affordable transport services linking villages to markets, healthcare and other facilities in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, which significantly restrains rural development. A key factor is the severe constraint on profitability of services due to the high operating costs of conventional vehicles operating at relatively low speeds on rural roads. This paper argues that there is a need to consider lower-speed alternatives based on motorcycles. It shows that motorcycle-based vehicles such as trailers and three-wheelers can carry loads up to 1 t on rural roads when geared down to an appropriate speed. The operating costs of these vehicles are shown to be around half those of conventional vehicles, greatly increasing the potential for setting up profitable transport services. Further development is needed to show that motorcycle-based vehicles can be used safely and profitably to help rural people improve their livelihoods and facilitate rural development.
THE SATISFACTION WITH FAMILY RELATIONS OF LATGALE INHABITANTS’ IN CONTEXT OF FEELING OF HAPPINESS
Authors: Kalvāns Ēriks
Published: March 2017

The aim of this scientific research article is to describe the satisfaction with family relations of Latgale inhabitants’, as well as illustrate how this factor affects their feeling of happiness.Family relations as one of the most important factors influencing happiness are highlighted in many studies of positive psychology. Because of this author of this article chose to investigate this theoretical knowledge in Latgale region. The theoretical interpretation of the happiness phenomenon is based on the findings of positive psychology, according to which happiness is defined as a life satisfaction and positive evaluation of his life and positive emotions over negative emotions.The author developed methodology „Family, Job, State” and „Oxford happiness questionnaire” adapted by the author to Latvian culture and socio-demographic survey, were used in the research paper. It was found out that Latgale inhabitants are satisfied with their family relationships. However, the happy inhabitants of Latgale are characterized by greater correspondence between the ideal requirements of the social relationships in the family and family’s emotional background and satisfaction with the actual quality of these factors, than the unhappy inhabitants of Latgale region.
Coordinate measuring technology XXL
Authors: Balle Bernd
Published: March 2017

The gap is increasing: ThyssenKrupp Rothe Erde manufactures increasingly large workpieces with ever smaller tolerances on behalf of its customers. Quality Assurance in Lippstadt, Germany, therefore sought out a precise system to measure the several-meter large components for offshore technology, large gears and tunneling machines – and convinced ZEISS to design a coordinate measuring machine with a six-meter X axis.
New aspects of 3D printing by robots
Authors: Wypysiński Rafał
Published: March 2017

Additive technologies are common field of industry and daily life. Almost everyone heard about 3D printing and rapid prototyping technologies. Dynamic evolution of methods gives us new possibilities and open new chances. Let’s look on 3D robot printing, its limitation and advantages.
Indian Contribution to Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Pulse Crop Research: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Rajendran L.
Published: March 2017

This paper attempts to quantitatively analyse the growth and development of Pigeonpea Pulse Crop research in India in terms of publication output as reflected in CAB Direct Online Database. During the period 1974-2014 scientists of India published a total of 3534 papers on the subject. The most preferred journals were the International Pigeonpea Newsletter with 272 papers (7.69%) followed by Indian Journal of Agronomy with 214 papers (6.05%). The study revealed that Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Indian Journal of Pulses Research, Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities contributed 415 papers (11.72%) of Indian research output on Pigeonpea Pulse Crop.
A comparative study of standard versus extralevator abdominoperineal resections
Authors: Nyandowe Masimba , Egedovo Alfred , Ho Yik-Hong
Published: March 2017

Background: The aim was to compare short term outcomes between patients undergoing standard abdominoperineal resection (APR) with those that had an extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE).Methods: A retrospective study was done on 123 consecutive patients who underwent an abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer at the Townsville hospital between August 2003 and January 2015. Data was collected from medical records.  Short term oncological outcomes were compared between the APR and ELAPE group.Results: The circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement rate was significantly lower in the ELAPE group 13.2% versus 19.3% in the APR group. The local recurrence rates in the two groups were not significantly different: 16.8% in the ELAPE versus 17.4% in the APR group. Intraoperative perforations were lower in the ELAPE group 15.3% versus 23.2 % in the APR group. The post-operative wound infection rate was however higher in the ELAPE group 20.3% versus 12.4 % in the APR group.Conclusions: ELAPE was shown to be superior in the CRM and intraoperative perforation rate but the local recurrence rates were similar. ELAPE had a higher wound complication rate than APR.
Recurrent abdominal pain in children and adolescents: a hospital based study
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam , Mondal Pijush Kanti
Published: March 2017

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is very common in children of age group below 15 years. It affects about 10-20% of school going children. It is comprised of both organic and nonorganic causes and is therefore very challenging in diagnosing and treating the disorder. Hence this study was aimed to determine causes of RAP in the patients involved in the study.Methods: This was a hospital based study and includes 100 patients of age group of 2 to 15 years attending the pediatric and medicine OPD of College of medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, from May 2014 to April 2015. These children were subjected to thorough physical examination, systemic and clinical examinations, lab investigations and finally categorized the causes for RAP either as organic or nonorganic.Results: Out of 100 patients of RAP, male predominance (67%) was seen and forty-four (44%) of the patient population belonged to age group of 4 to 6 years. Organic RAP was found in 88% of patients and RAP due to non-organic causes was found in 12% of patients.Conclusions: Organic cause predominantly parasitic infections were found to be the common etiological factor for RAP in most of the children. Family history associated RAP was dominated in nonorganic etiology.
Comparative assessment of hearing in various tympanic membrane perforations in patients at Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Darad Hardik , Sinha Mohit
Published: March 2017

Background: The objective of the present study was to correlate the size and site of perforation with hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).

Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among a purposive sample of first 100 consecutive patients of unilateral inactive mucosal CSOM, who underwent myringoplasty at Department of otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. One hundred consecutive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. In all the patients, a detailed history and a thorough ENT examination was followed by hearing assessment and measurement of the size of the perforation.  

Results: Infection was the most common etiology of tympanic membrane perforation in 92 (92%) cases and trauma in 08 (08%) with otorrhea as the most common presenting complaint. Half of the cases were in the age group of 20–30 years. Seventy-nine percentage cases had mild hearing loss whereas 19% had moderate hearing loss. Anterior quadrant perforations on an average had 31.4 dB hearing loss, whereas there was 43.9 dB average hearing loss in posterior quadrant perforations.

Conclusions: It was observed that there is direct relationship between size and site of perforation and loss of hearing. There was less hearing loss in small sized perforations. Posterior quadrant perforations and malleolar perforations (MLs) had a greater hearing loss than anterior, multiple quadrant, or non‑MLs.
Prevalence of nutritional deficiency signs among preschool children(1-3 years) of Hisar district of Haryana
Authors: . Vandana , Khetarpaul Neelam
Published: March 2017

Clinical examination provides an overall impression of nutritional health and reveals specific signs of malnutrition when these exit and needed for planning promotional measures for the welfare of these children. In the present study 200 children were selected randomly from 100 AWCs of Hisar district of Haryana. The respondents were examined for various signs of nutritional deficiencies like vitamin A deficiency disease, anaemia, iodine deficiency disorder and others. Data on clinical examination revealed that clinical deficiency symptoms were present in many children.
Long‐Term Stability After Regenerative Treatment of Infrabony Defects: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina , Gallenbach Kerstin , Ramich Tatjana , Scharf Susanne , Röllke Lasse , Schacher Beate , Eickholz Peter
Published: March 2017

Background: This study aims to evaluate long‐term stability of attachment achieved in infrabony defects (IBDs) by regenerative treatment.

Methods: All patients who had received regenerative treatment for at least one IBD between 2004 and 2010 were screened for this retrospective case series. If complete examinations (plaque/gingival index, probing depth [PD], vertical clinical attachment level [CAL‐V]) were available for patients at baseline and 12 months after surgery, they were invited for reexamination 60 ± 12 months after surgery. Reexamination involved testing for interleukin (IL)‐1 polymorphism and counting number of supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) visits. Forty‐one patients (24 males and 17 females; age, median: 62.0 years, lower/upper quartile: 49.8/68.3 years; six smokers, and 9 IL‐1 positive) were included for analysis, each contributing one IBD.

Results: Regenerative therapy resulted in significant attachment gain after 1 (median: −3 mm, lower/upper quartile: −1.5/−4 mm; P <0.001) and 5 (median: −3 mm, lower/upper quartile: −1.9/4.5 mm; P <0.001) years. The study failed to detect median change of CAL‐V from 1 to 5 years after surgery (median: 0 mm; lower/upper quartile: −1/1.5 mm; P = 0.84). Multiple regression analysis identified that number of SPT visits is correlated with CAL‐V gain from 1 to 5 years after surgery. IL‐1 polymorphism and percentage of sites with PD >6 mm at 5‐year reexamination are correlated with CAL‐V loss from 1 to 5 years after surgery.

Conclusions: CAL‐V achieved by regenerative therapy in IBDs may have retained stability over 5 years. Frequent SPT is associated with stability. IL‐1 polymorphism and generalized reinfection are associated with less stability.
Advanced Glycation Endproducts form During Ovalbumin Digestion in the Presence of Fructose
Authors: Gugliucci Alejandro , Bains Yasmin , Caccavello Russell
Published: March 2017

One mechanism by which fructose could exert deleterious effect in metabolism and inflammation is via its potency vis-à-vis de Maillard reaction. We employed simulated stomach and duodenum digestion of ovalbumin to test the hypothesis that indeed AGEs are formed by fructose during simulated digestion of an ubiquitous food protein with intrinsic allergenic potential and under model physiological conditions. Methods: OVA was subjected to simulated gastric and intestinal digestion using standard models, in presence of fructose or glucose (0-100 mM). Peptide fractions were analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and intensity at Excitation: λ370 nm, Emission: λ 440nm. Results: AGE adducts form between fructose and OVA which can be found in peptide fractions (< 5 kDa) at times (30 min) and concentration ranges (10 mM) plausibly found in the intestines, whereas no reaction occurs with glucose. The reaction is inhibited by chlorogenic acid at concentrations compatible with those found in the gut. The reaction is inhibited by AG, a specific antiglycation agent. Conclusion: Our proof of principle study shows that fructose-AGE formation on an ubiquitous allergenic protein indeed occurs in one hour and thereby may pave the way for the study of yet another mechanism by which the excess fructose in our Western diets is contributing to disease: intestinal AGE formation, absorption and RAGE engagement.
Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of 4- (1, 3-Dioxoisoindolin-2yl) Benzaldehyde
Authors: Sankhe Sharad S. , Chindarkar Nitesh R.
Published: March 2017

The titled 4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)benzaldehyde has been synthesized from phthalic anhydride and p-toluidene followed by use of H2O2 in ethanol. Compounds characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR. 
Investigations of Current Generated in Construction of Polarization in Vectra A, Liquid Crystal Copolyester
Authors: Kalia Sapna , Kalia Rajesh
Published: March 2017

The Thermally Stimulated Polarization Current (TSPC) is used to study the dielectric behavior of Vectra A, liquid crystal copolyester. The TSPC spectra of samples of Vectra A for various polarizing fields (3.8 kV/cm- 19.2 kV/cm) have been investigated. A dipolar relaxation is observed in the low temperature region ~ 30 oC due to orientation of naphthalene groups present in Vectra A which is termed as peak-P1. In the higher temperature region above 110 oC, the dipolar and space charge peaks are in composite form. TSPC cycle is performed to distinguish the dipolar and space charge peaks. Also, the TSPC spectra of annealed and doped samples of Vectra A are studied. The results obtained from TSPC spectra are compared with TSDC spectra of samples of Vectra A.  
The Effect of Caramelization and Carbonization Temperatures toward Structural Properties of Mesoporous Carbon from Fructose with Zinc Borosilicate Activator
Authors: Setianingsih Tutik , Kartini Indriana , Arryanto Yateman
Published: March 2017

Mesoporous carbon was prepared from fructose using zinc borosilicate (ZBS) activator. The synthesis involves caramelization and carbonization processes. The effect of both process temperature toward porosity and functional group of carbon surface are investigated in this research. The caramelization was conducted hydrothermally at 85 and 100 °C, followed by thermally 130 °C. The carbonization was conducted at various temperatures (450–750 °C). The carbon-ZBS composite were washed by using HF 48% solution, 1M HCl solution, and aquadest respectively to remove ZBS from the carbon. The carbon products were characterized with nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption method, FTIR spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The highest mesopore characteristics is achieved at 100 °C (caramelization) and 450 °C (carbonization), including Vmeso about 2.21 cm3/g (pore cage) and 2.32 cm3/g (pore window) with pore uniformity centered at 300 Å (pore cage) and 200 Å (pore window), containing the surface functional groups of C=O and OH, degree of graphitization about 57% and aromaticity fraction about 0.68.
Cytotoxic Isobractatin (Prenylated Xanthone) Epimer Mixture of Garcinia eugenifolia
Authors: Hartati Sri , Triyono I Ketut , Handayani Sri
Published: March 2017

In search of bioactive anti-cancer compounds from natural products has been found isobractatin from n-hexane extract of Garcinia eugenifolia. Isolation was done through the stages of maceration and column chromatography. Elucidation of the structure was analyzed by spectroscopy of UV-Vis, FTIR, LC-MS, NMR proton and carbon one and two dimension data. The results found three compounds isolated from G. eugenifolia. The three compounds were stigmasterol, prenylated xanthone isobractatin and its epimer (in a mixture). The mixture of isobractatin and its epimer showed cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line T47D with IC50 = 17 µg/mL.
Retrospective Validation of a Structure-Based Virtual Screening Protocol to Identify Ligands for Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Its Application to Identify the Alpha-Mangostin Binding Pose
Authors: Setiawati Agustina , Riswanto Florentinus Dika Octa , Yuliani Sri Hartati , Istyastono Enade Perdana
Published: March 2017

The publicly available enhanced data of ligands and decoys for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) which were recently published has made the retrospective validation of a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) protocol to identify ligands for ERα possible. In this article, we present the retrospective validation of an SBVS protocol using PLANTS molecular docking software version 1.2 (PLANTS1.2) as the backbone software. The protocol shows better enrichment factor at 1% false positives (EF1%) value and the Area Under Curve (AUC) value of the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) compared to the original published protocol. Moreover, in all 1000 iterative attempts the protocol could reproduce the co-crystal pose of 4-hydroxitamoxifen in ERα binding pocket. It shows that the protocol is not only able to identify potent ligands for ERα but also able to be employed in examining binding pose of known ligand. Thence, the protocol was successfully employed to examine the binding poses of α-mangostin, an ERα ligand found in the Garcinia mangostana, L. pericarp.
Physical Characteristics of Chitosan Based Film Modified With Silica and Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Mahatmanti F. Widhi , Nuryono Nuryono , Narsito Narsito
Published: March 2017

Recently, development of film materials is focused on finding the films with high chemical and physical stabilities. Organic based material such as chitosan produces films with low physical stability, and hence addition of inorganic materials necessary. In this research, the effect of silica and polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition on the properties of chitosan based films has been investigated. Precursors used to produce films included chitosan with the deacetylation degree of 83% and sodium silicate solution as the silica source. A simple synthesis in a one-pot process was carried out by mixing 1%(w) of chitosan solution in 2%(v/v) acetate acid and sodium silicate solution (27% SiO2) in various composition ratios and casting the solution on a glass dish. The tensile strength and percentage of elongation decrease with increasing the silica content. The tensile strength tends to decline with addition of PEG, but the elongation percentage of the film increases. Hydrophilicity of the film decreases with the addition of silica and increases with the addition of PEG. The addition of silica and PEG does not change significantly the morphology of the film and functional groups indicating the domination of physical interaction among active sites in the film components.
Synthesis of Zeolite NaA from Low Grade (High Impurities) Indonesian Natural Zeolite
Authors: Mustain Asalil , Wibawa Gede , Nais Mukhammad Furoiddun , Falah Miftakhul
Published: March 2017

The zeolite NaA has been successfully synthesized from the low grade natural zeolite with high impurities. The synthesis method was started by mixing natural zeolite powder with NH4Cl aqueous solution in the reactor as pretreatment. The use of pretreatment was to reduce the impurities contents in the zeolite. The process was followed by alkaline fusion hydrothermal treatment to modify the framework structure of natural zeolite and reduce the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Finally, the synthesized zeolite was calcined at 600 °C for 2 h. The final zeolite product was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the morphology of the zeolite NaA was cubic shape as observed by SEM analysis and the synthesized zeolite NaA with pretreatment gave less impurity than without pretreatment.
Synthesis of Benzoyl C-Phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl Octaacetate and Cinnamoyl C-Phenylcalix[4]arene for UV Absorbers
Authors: Ngurah Budiana I Gusti M. , Jumina Jumina , Anwar Chairil , Mustofa Mustofa , Sahadewa Sahadewa
Published: March 2017

A new upper rim-functionalized benzoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octaacetate and cinnamoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene have been synthesized and evaluated as the absorbers for ultraviolet radiation. The benzoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinaryl octaacetate was synthesized in 3 steps. They were synthesis of C-phenilcalix[4]resorcinarene via acid-catalyzed-condensation of resorcinol and benzaldehyde, followed by O-acetylation and Friedel-Craft benzoylation. The cinnamoyl C-phenylcalix[4]resorcinarene was synthesized in 4 steps. They were synthesis of C-phenilcalix[4]resorcinarene via acid-catalyzed-condensation of resorcinol and benzaldehyde, followed by O-acetylation, Friedel-Craft cinnamoylation and hydrolysis. Spectroscopic analysis (UV) showed that the target molecule absorbed the ultraviolet radiation between 200 and 400 nm with the maximum absorption at 240.50 nm (ε = 10.135 M-1 cm-1) and 243.50 nm (ε = 12.135 M-1 cm-1).
Improved Synthesis of 2',6'-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy Chalcone by Grinding Technique to Synthesize 5-Hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy Flavone
Authors: VH Elfi Susanti , Matsjeh Sabirin , Mustofa Mustofa , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Published: March 2017

5-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy flavone can be efficiently synthesized in two steps via the formation of 2',6'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy chalcone with good results. 2',6'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy chalcone as reactants for synthesis of flavones was prepared through Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction between 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenones,3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and solid NaOH in mortar for 15 min. The yield of the product (70%) is higher than conventional method (65%). This chalcone then oxidatively cyclized with iodine to form 5-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxy flavone (yield 62%). Compounds synthesized were characterized by spectroscopic (IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR).
Determination of the Temperature Effect on Glycerol Nitration Processes Using the HYSYS Predictions and the Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Astuti Erna , Supranto Supranto , Rochmadi Rochmadi , Prasetya Agus , Ström Krister , Andersson Bengt
Published: March 2017

Determinations of the temperature effect on glycerol nitration processes have been done with two methods: the HYSYS predictions and the laboratory experiment. The aim of this study was to compare prediction method and laboratory experiment method. The highest equilibrium conversion from HYSYS predictions was obtained in the range of equilibrium temperature of 10 to 20 °C. The laboratory experiments also described that nitration of glycerol with nitric acid should be carried out at reaction temperature of 10 to 20 °C. HYSYS that was used to predict the results of experiments in the laboratory can reduce the laboratory work with minimize the range of operating conditions studied. HYSYS exactly predict temperature of nitration of glycerol. The difference in conversion between two methods due to the equipment that was used in the experiments, procedure of experiments and the accuracy of analysis.
Grafting of Chloroacetic Acid on EGDE Cross-Linked Chitosan to Enhance Stability and Adsorption Capacity For Pb(II) Ions
Authors: Masykur Abu , Santosa Sri Juari , Siswanta Dwi , Jumina Jumina
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research is to synthesize a chitosan derivative insoluble in acidic aqueous medium and that has high adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions by cross-linking and grafting. Cross-linking and grafting were done using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and chloroacetic acid, respectively. The modified chitosan was characterized using FTIR spectrophotometer, XRD and TG-DTA. Chitosan and Chit-EGDE-Acetate was applied as adsorbent of Pb(II) ions in a batch system. The concentration of Pb(II) in adsorption medium was quantified using AAS. The result showed that the adsorption was optimum at pH 5, contact time of 200 min for chitosan and 300 min for Chit-EGDE-Acetate. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions on both adsorbents followed pseudo second order kinetic equation. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions on chitosan followed Freundlich isotherm while that on Chit-EGDE-Acetate followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of Chit-EGDE-Acetate for Pb(II) ions was 200.0 mg L-1 while that for chitosan was 166.7 mg L-1. Interaction type of Pb(II) ions on adsorbent was determined by sequential desorption.
QSAR Study of Insecticides of Phthalamide Derivatives Using Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network Methods
Authors: Syahputra Adi , Mudasir Mudasir , Nuryono Nuryono , Aziz Anifuddin , Tahir Iqmal
Published: March 2017

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) for 21 insecticides of phthalamides containing hydrazone (PCH) was studied using multiple linear regression (MLR), principle component regression (PCR) and artificial neural network (ANN). Five descriptors were included in the model for MLR and ANN analysis, and five latent variables obtained from principle component analysis (PCA) were used in PCR analysis. Calculation of descriptors was performed using semi-empirical PM6 method. ANN analysis was found to be superior statistical technique compared to the other methods and gave a good correlation between descriptors and activity (r2 = 0.84). Based on the obtained model, we have successfully designed some new insecticides with higher predicted activity than those of previously synthesized compounds, e.g.2-(decalinecarbamoyl)-5-chloro-N’-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene) benzohydrazide, 2-(decalinecarbamoyl)-5-chloro-N’-((thiophen-2-yl)-methylene) benzohydrazide and 2-(decaline carbamoyl)-N’-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-5-chlorobenzohydrazide with predicted log LC50 of 1.640, 1.672, and 1.769 respectively.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM, COPPER AND LEAD IN SEA WATER BY ADSORPTIVE STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY IN THE PRESENCE OF CALCON AS A COMPLEXING AGENT
Authors: Deswati Deswati , Suyani Hamzar , Safni Safni , Loekman Umiati , Pardi Hilfi
Published: March 2017

A selective and sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) procedure for the simultaneous determination of cadmium, copper and lead in the sea water was conducted. The aim of this research is to get optimum condition for simultaneous determination of cadmium, copper and lead. Adsorptive stripping voltammetry has been used for determination of trace amount of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb (II) by using calcon as a complexing agent. The parameters studied were variation of calcon concentration, pH, accumulation potential and accumulation time. In this study, the optimum conditions were calcon concentration of 0.6 mM, pH = 4.0, accumulation potential of -0.7 V and accumulation time of 80 sec. At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation were 8.78%, 3.12%, and 4.02% for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) respectively for eight replicates (n = 8) measurements of 10 μg/L mixed standard solution of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II). The method was applied to the direct simultaneous determination of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in sea water around Bungus, Padang City. Concentration of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in samples were equal to 1.8 μg/L for Cd(II), 38.6 μg/L for Cu(II) and 0.7 μg/L for Pb(II) with recovery of 87.03%, 98.80%, and 95.73%, respectively.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY TEST OF 2-HYDROXY-N-PHENYLNICOTINAMIDE
Authors: Salahuddin Salahuddin , Hanafi Muhammad , Hariyanti Hariyanti
Published: March 2017

The novel compound of 2-hydroxy-N-phenylnicotinamide was synthesized from modification of the UK-3A compound, which was known biologically active to inhibit bacterial and cancer cells growth. Synthesis of this compound was carried out in one-step reaction. Analog UK-3A compound namely 2-hydroxy-N-phenylnicotinamide was synthesized from 2-hydroxynicotinic acid as the starting material using amidation reaction with aniline in presence of DCC/DMAP in pyridine. Analog UK-3A was analyzed and identified using TLC, FT-IR, LC-MS and FT-NMR spectrofotometer. The yield after purification was 42.97%. The IC50 value 85 μg/mL was obtained from cytotoxicity test against P388 Murine Leukemia cells. It indicated that the synthesis products were sufficiently potential for leukemia P388 treatment.
Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation by Crude Phlorotannis Isolated from Brown Algae Sargassum hystrix v. buxifolium C. Agardh
Authors: Harnita Agnes Nora Iska , Santosa Ign. Edi , Martono Sudibyo , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Widyarini Sitarina , Harren Frans J.M.
Published: March 2017

This study examines the antioxidant activity of crude phlorotannins from the brown algae Sargassum hystrix v. buxifolium (Chauvin) J. Agardh, through the inhibition of a lipid peroxidation reaction that is induced by the UV radiation. The antioxidant activity during the UV exposure was investigated using the laser-based photoacoustic method for the detection of the ethylene as indicator for lipid peroxidation. This involves an experiment that isolated crude phlorotannins from the ethyl acetate fraction of the Sargassum hystrix methanol extract, hereafter referred to as PFSH. It results in the antioxidant activity as a potent lipid peroxidation inhibitor. Statistically, such antioxidant activity is not significantly different than the commercial antioxidant, which is vitamin C (p > 0.05). The amount of the total phlorotannins, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, was measured to be approximately 0.13% w/w. In addition, it is found that PFSH contains phlorotannins with low molecular weight (MW) (
The Acid Catalyzed Reaction of α-Pinene Over Y-Zeolite
Authors: Wijayati Nanik , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Jumina Jumina , Triyono Triyono
Published: March 2017

The hydration of α-pinene has been studied in the presence of Y-zeolite (Si/Al = 2.89) as a solid acid catalyst. The reaction was performed in batch reactor in isopropyl alcohol at various temperature and reaction time with magnetic stirrer. The acid catalyst hydration reaction of a-pinene yields a complex mixture of monoterpenes, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The selectivity of α-terpineol (the monocyclic alcohol) as main product was 59.20% with a conversion of 83.83% and the non alcoholic as the isomerization co-product as 30% after 60 min at 65 °C. The conversion and selectivity to α-terpineol increase significantly with in increase in temperature and reaction times.
Synthesis of Cassava Waste Pulp-Acrylamide Super Absorbent: Effect of Initiator and Cross-Linker Concentration
Authors: Mas’ud Zainal Alim , Khotib Mohammad , Sari Nurmutia , Nur Anwar
Published: March 2017

Cassava waste pulp (CWP) contains high carbohydrates that can be modified into super absorbent polymer (SAP) through grafting and cross-linking copolymerization. Acrylamide (AM) was grafted onto CWP with ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker under atmospheric nitrogen. The effect of APS and MBA concentrations on water absorption capacity of saponified SAP was studied, while the evaluation of grafting ratio (GR) and grafting efficiency (GRE) was conducted on unsaponified SAP. The grafting success was indicated by the occurrence of IR peaks at wave numbers of 573, 765, 858, and 1667 cm-1. In the saponified SAP, the very intense characteristic band at 1562 cm-1 is due to C=O asymmetric stretching in the carboxylate anion. Saponification increases significantly water absorption capacity compared to that of unsaponified SAP (from 39.79 g/g to 578.23 g/g). The highest water absorption capacity is reached at 0.74% APS and 0.09% MBA. The percentage of GRE and GR tends to increase with increasing APS concentration until reaching the highest value and then decreases. Effect of MBA concentration on water absorption capacity, GR, and on GRE is similar to the effect of initiator concentration on GR and GRE.
KINETICS STUDY ON NITRATION OF METHYL RICINOLEATE
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Triyono Triyono , Trisunaryanti Wega , Haryadi Winarto
Published: March 2017

Kinetics parameter values of methyl ricinoleate nitration (rate constant, reaction order and the rate of reaction) have been determined. Nitration was carried out with both concentrations of HNO3 and acetic anhydride in excess to the concentration of methyl ricinoleate. Thus, the kinetics parameter value was only affected by the concentration of methyl ricinoleate. Based on kinetic study conducted, it could be concluded that the nitration follows pseudo first-order, and the reaction rate for methyl ricinoleate with initial concentration of 0.375, 0.325 and 0.250 M were 3.736 x 10-5, 2.471 x 10-5, and 1.724 x 10-5 M/s respectively, with the rate constant at 28 °C was 6.667 x 10-4 (s-1). Based on evaluation of FTIR spectra could be estimated that the nitration produces compounds containing functional groups of -NO3 and -NO2.