bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contextual socioeconomic determinants of tooth loss in adults and elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Barbato Paulo Roberto , Peres Karen Glazer
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review regarding studies that investigated the association between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched and no language or date restrictions were applied for this research. The search was also carried out at the Brazilian Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), with the objective of seeking unpublished studies. We evaluated the bibliographical and methodological characteristics of the studies, as well as the findings. RESULTS: We found 348 articles, out of which only 6 were included in this study after revision by 2 independent researchers. We also identified an unpublished thesis. In general, these results show that the socioeconomic context interferes in tooth loss. We found an association between the highest number of missing teeth with less favorable contextual variables, despite the weak evidence, due to the fact that all selected studies had a cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION: We suggest the standardization of outcome formats and exposures in order to favor the comparison between studies and their quantitative analysis.
O valor aspectual das cópulas ser e estar seguidas de sintagma preposicionado
Authors: Foltran Maria José , Pessanha Marília Costa
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho investiga como se relacionam as cópulas do português, ser e estar, com o sintagma preposicionado que as seguem, quando este é nucleado pela preposição de. A hipótese para a distribuição copular adotada neste trabalho parte de Zagona (2012) e Schmitt (2005), entre outros autores, que contemplam a morfossintaxe e a composição aspectual dos eventos nos predicados em questão. Isto é, estar é a cópula marcada para ancoragem temporal-espacial e ser é a cópula default, sem restrições quanto ao tipo de predicado. A análise dessas autoras encontra um limite em sentenças da forma cópula+PP, uma vez que não deveria haver agramaticalidade de sentenças com ser (e.g.: *eles são de bicicleta; *a criança é com piolho). Os casos nucleados pela preposição de se mostraram especialmente problemáticos, apresentando compatibilidade difusa quanto a ser e estar (e.g.: O intercambista é/*está da Coréia; Em casa de ferreiro, o espeto é/*está de pau; Pedro *era/estava de palhaço no baile de carnaval). A tese de Avelar (2006) investiga justamente esta preposição em contextos de adjunção, demonstrando que de se distingue das demais preposições por apresentar características de itens semanticamente esvaziados. Levantamos a hipótese de que, analogamente ao que ocorre na adjunção, as características de de em orações copulares seriam explicadas por este ser um item esvaziado. Metodologicamente, os dados foram levantados através de mecanismos de busca na Internet (alguns dados foram criados). Em seguida, foram aplicados testes de Avelar (2006), que examinam se de se comporta como um item semanticamente neutro. Os testes são: identificação de um valor central veiculado consistentemente por de em ocorrências distintas, substituição por outras preposições. Nossas conclusões se encaminham na direção de que os PPs que seguem os verbos copulares equivalem a locuções adjetivas. Entretanto, isso ainda não configura uma generalização robusta.
ENQUADRAMENTOS SEMÂNTICOS PARA VERBOS DE MOVIMENTO TRANSITIVOS DIRETOS
Authors: Furtado Maria Angélica , César Alan Marinho
Published: June 2015

Fundamentado nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, este trabalho tem como tema os verbos de movimento transitivos diretos. Esses verbos conceitualizam um evento que implica o deslocamento de ambos os participantes, o referente do sujeito e do objeto direto, ou de apenas um, o referente do sujeito ou do objeto, de um determinado ponto no espaço a outro. A noção de frame é utilizada a fim de propor enquadramentos semânticos que deem conta das diferenças finas de significado entre esses verbos. A fonte dos dados é o Corpus Discurso & Gramática, composto de narrativas de experiência pessoal, narrativas recontadas, descrições de local, relatos de procedimento e relatos de opinião, nas modalidades falada e escrita, produzidos por estudantes do ensino fundamental, médio e superior.
Doing and Teaching Disciplinary Literacy with Adolescent Learners: A Social and Cultural Enterprise
Authors: Moje Elizabeth Birr
Published: June 2015

In this essay, Elizabeth Birr Moje argues that educators can make radical change in student learning and well-being if they reframe teachers' work with youth as less about meeting standards and more about teaching youth to navigate the multiple literacy contexts in which they live, learn, and work. To that end, Moje offers a take on disciplinary literacy instruction that puts the process of inquiry at its center. In contrast to a frame that ignores or removes value, purpose, affect, emotion, imagination, social interaction, and the learning and challenging of cultural conventions from the work of adolescent literacy teaching, she presents a teaching heuristic designed to capitalize on the social and cultural nature of disciplinary inquiry and support students in navigating multiple literacy contexts as part of the teaching of disciplinary literacy, characterized by what she terms the 4Es: engage, elicit/engineer, examine, and evaluate.
Les langues s’affichent : signalétique, publicité et paysage linguistique dans deux villes bilingues suisses, Biel/Bienne et Fribourg/Freiburg
Authors: Brohy Claudine
Published: June 2015

Les villes deviennent de plus en plus plurilingues et multiculturelles, et les individus bi-multilingues constituent plus la norme que l’exception. Néanmoins, les municipalités à travers le monde qui se déclarent officiellement bi- ou plurilingues, ou qui offrent des services publics en plusieurs langues et qui, parallèlement, tolèrent, voire encouragent ou même obligent une signalétique bilingue sont plutôt rares. L’affichage bilingue fait souvent partie de revendications et de luttes linguistiques idéologiques acharnées, autant en ce qui concerne sa promotion que son interdiction.Cet article présente des éléments et des résultats de recherches sur la signalétique et l’affichage dans les deux plus grandes villes bilingues de Suisse, Biel/Bienne, une ville d’environ 50 000 habitants située dans le canton de Berne, ainsi que Fribourg/Freiburg, chef-lieu du canton du même nom qui compte quelque 37 000 habitants. Il met en relief la signalétique comme observable et indicatrice des enjeux linguistiques et du discours identitaire sous-jacent.
Personal insights on a postsecondary immersion experience: Learning to step out of the comfort zone
Authors: Séror Jérémie , Weinberg Alysse
Published: June 2015

Postsecondary immersion programs reflect a growing demand for educational programs designed to allow learners to develop advanced levels of literacy in a second language through content and discipline-based language interactions. Little is known about the impact of these programs on students. Drawing on data collected through individual interviews and focus group interactions, this paper focuses on the insights and personal reflections of students at the University of Ottawa, site of the largest tertiary French immersion option in Canada. The data gives voice to firsthand accounts of what it means to study in these programs and offers avaluable glimpse at the challenges, risks and distinctive incentives associated with the completion of one’s undergraduate education through the medium of a second language. Implications focus on recommendations for the design of successful university immersion programs.
Effect of Family Training on Profitability of Small-Scale Broiler Farming in Joypurhat District
Authors: Islam M S , Islam M N , Khatun H , Faruque S , Afroz M A , Alam M A
Published: June 2015

This study was conducted to compare the productivity and profitability of trained and non-trained small-scale broiler farmers in the Joypurhat district of Bangladesh. A total number of sixty farmers were trained on the modern techniques for profitable and sustainable broiler farming. The study showed that the mortality of broiler was 2.90±0.89 percent and 11.30±2.29 percent for trained and non-trained farmers, respectively (P<0.001). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.65±0.08 and 1.75±0.10 for trained and non-trained farmers, respectively (P<0.01). The net profit was 18.60±2.77 and 8.74±2.05 taka per broiler for trained and non-trained farmers, respectively (P<0.001). It can be concluded from the present study that the family training would be a very essential tool for gaining more productivity and profitability of small scale broiler farming in Bangladesh.The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 137-141
Measurement of Linear Attenuation Coefficient of Tc-99m using Planar Gamma Camera Image
Authors: Hossain Md Nahid , Quadir Kamila Afroj , Islam Md Nurul , Biman Tanvir Ahmed , Begum Ferdoushi
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Attenuation is one of the most important factors which have an impact on the accuracy on quantitation of activity when using gamma camera image in a medium. Due to attenuation a number of photons are lost and there is also loss of counts which otherwise would have been included in the images. The purpose of this study is to estimate the linear attenuation coefficient for Tc-99m with water filled phantom using conjugate view method and transmission method and compare the obtained measurements with the reference values. Materials and Methods: To determine the linear attenuation coefficient of radionuclide Tc-99m using conjugate view method, the sensitivity of the gamma camera was determined. 30 MBq of Tc-99m was taken which was measured in dose calibrator and gamma camera images were acquired. Then the sensitivity was calculated as CPS/MBq. A Jaszczak phantom was filled up with water and a small sized cylindrical container filled with activity of 30 MBq Tc-99m liquid was placed inside the Jaszczak phantom centrally. The phantom was scanned on a dual head gamma camera and the images were taken and counts from the images were estimated. After estimation of all values, the linear attenuation coefficient was calculated using conjugate view formula. The linear attenuation coefficient was also measured from the transmission imaging. The transmission factor (TF) was determined by measuring the ratio of count rates obtained with Tc-99m under gamma camera, with and without the phantom. Results: The linear attenuation coefficient was calculated 0.1467 ± 0.0057 from conjugate view method and 0.1483 ± 0.0023 from transmission measurements. Both results were found within ±5% of the established value (0.15 cm-1). Conclusions: Correction for attenuation is required for the accurate estimation of activity. For conjugate view method, the attenuation coefficient was measured with a known activity of Tc-99m. The attenuation coefficient was also estimated by transmission measurements. The accuracy of the activity measurement is highly dependent on the accuracy of the attenuation coefficient used in the calculation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnm.v17i1.22493 Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(1): 61-66, January 2014
CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTED HL-60 CELLS WITH ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM USING NESTED PCR AND A. PHAGOCYTOPHILUM MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Rahman MS , Park JH , Chae JS
Published: June 2015

The study was carried out to characterize the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in experimental infected HL-60 cells with Anaplasma phagocytophilum using nested PCR and A. phagocytophilum major surface protein-2 monoclonal antibody. The nested PCR revealed only one band of 926 base pair DNA from A. phagocytophilum infected HL-60 cells. The western blot revealed several bands with a dominant 44-kDa. There were intense band of 100- and 160-kDa bands. The 44-kDa component was at least 10 times more abundant than the 100- and 160-kDa bands. In conclusion, the nested PCR would be a valuable tool for the characterization of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
Yrkesforberedelse eller fagopplæring med fagbrev? Med design og håndverk som kontekst
Authors: Aakre Bjørn Magne
Published: June 2015

Artikkelen drøfter forholdet mellom yrkesforberedelse og fagopplæring med utgangspunkt i den kombinerte studieretningen formgivingsfag som ble innført i Norge i 1994. I 2006 ble den delt i et programfag under studiespesialiserende fag, og et nytt yrkesfaglig program med betegnelse design og håndverk. Hvilke interesser lå til grunn for endringene, hvor dyptgripende ble de og hvilke overveieleser kan en gjøre i ettertid om forholdet mellom yrkesforberedelse og fagopplæring? Artikkelen søker å svare på spørsmålene ut fra relevante dokumenter og to kvantitative undersøkelser med elever og lærere som informanter. Artikkelen konkluderer med at innholdet forble nokså likt, antall elever ble halvert og at frafallet økte. Det konkluderes videre med at mange forhold bidrar til å legitimere et fag og dets innhold som henholdsvis skolefag, vitenskapsfag eller yrkesfag. Legitimeringen preges ofte av motstridende motiver og interesser, og sjelden bare faglige begrunnelser.
Erfaringer med bruk av simulering som transferstrategi
Authors: Spetalen Halvor , Sannerud Ronny
Published: June 2015

I denne artikkelen stiller vi spørsmålet: Er simulering egnet som læringsaktivitet når spesifikk praksis er tenkt trent og overført fra en simuleringskontekst til en nærmere bestemt anvendelseskontekst? For å besvare dette spørsmålet presenterer vi erfaringer fra tre single-case der ulike former for simulering er benyttet som transferstrategi. Materialet fra disse tre casene viser at flere faktorer ved simuleringen og transferkonteksten har betydning for om simulering egner seg som transferstrategi. Dette gjelder særlig faktorer som kontekstlikhet, overlappende arbeidsoppgaver, vektlegging av grensekryssingen mellom simuleringskontekst og anvendelseskontekst og i hvilken grad anvendelseskonteksten inviterer til bruk av erfaringer gjort i simuleringskonteksten.
Gymnasierektors ledarskapsparadox: att vara verksamhetschef och pedagogisk utvecklare
Authors: Johansson Ingemar , Erlandsson Soly I. , Dåderman Anna Maria
Published: June 2015

Forskning om rektors ledarskap är omfattande, men studier som undersöker gymnasierektors arbetssituation och ledarskap är mer sällsynta. Avsikten med den föreliggande studien var att bidra till att denna kunskapslucka fylls igen. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio gymnasierektorer genomfördes med fokus på rektors arbetsuppgifter, möjlighet att planera och styra arbetet, förväntningar kring ledarskapet, samt möjlighet att utvecklas och lära i arbetet. I resultaten av den tematiska analysen framträdde fyra teman: (1) ledarskapsideal, (2) kollegialt stöd, (3) ledarskap i en förändringsbenägen organisation, och (4) begränsat utrymme för reflektion. Ett övergripande, gemensamt tema: ”Ledarskapsparadox” speglar de högst varierande omständigheter och förhållanden i vardagen som en gymnasierektor ska kunna hantera, vilka också präglar resultatet av analysen. Ett något oväntat resultat var att gymnasierektor upplevde stort, eget ansvar för elevernas bästa. Studien kastar nytt ljus på gymnasierektorers ledarskap, och bidrar till ökad förståelse för vad rollen som ledare för en komplex organisation som gymnasieskolan kan innebära. Genom att knyta an till en arbetspsykologisk ledarskapsteori och formulera en arbetspsykologisk hypotes kan studien bidra till forskningen om arbetsintegrerat lärande (AIL).
CPSF30 at the Interface of Alternative Polyadenylation and Cellular Signaling in Plants
Authors: Chakrabarti Manohar , Hunt Arthur
Published: June 2015

Post-transcriptional processing, involving cleavage of precursor messenger RNA (pre mRNA), and further incorporation of poly(A) tail to the 3' end is a key step in the expression of genetic information. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) serves as an important check point for the regulation of gene expression. Recent studies have shown widespread prevalence of APA in diverse systems. A considerable amount of research has been done in characterizing different subunits of so-called Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF). In plants, CPSF30, an ortholog of the 30 kD subunit of mammalian CPSF is a key polyadenylation factor. CPSF30 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was reported to possess unique biochemical properties. It was also demonstrated that poly(A) site choice in a vast majority of genes in Arabidopsis are CPSF30 dependent, suggesting a pivotal role of this gene in APA and subsequent regulation of gene expression. There are also indications of this gene being involved in oxidative stress and defense responses and in cellular signaling, suggesting a role of CPSF30 in connecting physiological processes and APA. This review will summarize the biochemical features of CPSF30, its role in regulating APA, and possible links with cellular signaling and stress response modules.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Land-Use Change Model with and without Agents to Assess Land Abandonment and Long-Term Re-Forestation in a Swiss Mountain Region
Authors: Brändle Julia , Langendijk Gaby , Peter Simon , Brunner Sibyl , Huber Robert
Published: June 2015

Land abandonment and the subsequent re-forestation are important drivers behind the loss of ecosystem services in mountain regions. Agent-based models can help to identify global change impacts on farmland abandonment and can test policy and management options to counteract this development. Realigning the representation of human decision making with time scales of ecological processes such as reforestation presents a major challenge in this context. Models either focus on the agent-specific behavior anchored in the current generation of farmers at the expense of representing longer scale environmental processes or they emphasize the simulation of long-term economic and forest developments where representation of human behavior is simplified in time and space. In this context, we compare the representation of individual and aggregated decision-making in the same model structure and by doing so address some implications of choosing short or long term time horizons in land-use modeling. Based on survey data, we integrate dynamic agents into a comparative static economic sector supply model in a Swiss mountain region. The results from an extensive sensitivity analysis show that this agent-based land-use change model can reproduce observed data correctly and that both model versions are sensitive to the same model parameters. In particular, in both models the specification of opportunity costs determines the extent of production activities and land-use changes by restricting the output space. Our results point out that the agent-based model can capture short and medium term developments in land abandonment better than the aggregated version without losing its sensitivity to important socio-economic drivers. For comparative static approaches, extensive sensitivity analysis with respect to opportunity costs, i.e., the measure of benefits forgone due to alternative uses of labor is essential for the assessment of the impact of climate change on land abandonment and re-forestation in mountain regions.
Analysis of Flavonoids in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Leaves and Their Antioxidant Activity Using Macroporous Resin Chromatography Coupled with LC-MS/MS and Antioxidant Biochemical Assays
Authors: Zhu Ming-Zhi , Wu Wei , Jiao Li-Li , Yang Ping-Fang , Guo Ming-Quan
Published: June 2015

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, are rich in flavonoids. In an effort to thoroughly analyze their flavonoid components, macroporous resin chromatography coupled with HPLC-MS/MS was employed to simultaneously enrich and identify flavonoids from lotus leaves. Flavonoids extracted from lotus leaves were selectively enriched in the macroporous resin column, eluted subsequently as fraction II, and successively subjected to analysis with the HPLC-MS/MS and bioactivity assays. Altogether, fourteen flavonoids were identified, four of which were identified from lotus leaves for the first time, including quercetin 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-arabinoside, diosmetin 7-O-hexose, and isorhamnetin 3-O-arabino- pyranosyl-(1→2)-glucopyranoside. Further bioactivity assays revealed that these flavonoids from lotus leaves possess strong antioxidant activity, and demonstrate very good potential to be explored as food supplements or even pharmaceutical products to improve human health.
Adolescents’ Food Choice and the Place of Plant-Based Foods
Authors: Ensaff Hannah , Coan Susan , Sahota Pinki , Braybrook Debbie , Akter Humaira , McLeod Helen
Published: June 2015

A diet dominated by plant foods, with limited amounts of refined processed foods and animal products conveys substantial health benefits. This study sought to explore adolescents’ attitudes and perceptions towards plant-based foods. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with adolescents (age 14–15 years) (n = 29) attending an inner city school in Yorkshire, UK. Using a grounded theory methodology, data analysis provided four main categories and related concepts revolving around adolescents’ perspectives on plant-based foods: food choice parameters; perceived drivers and benefits of plant-based foods; environmental food cues; barriers to plant-based food choice. In the emergent grounded theory, a clear disconnect between plant-based foods and the parameters that adolescents use to make food choices, is highlighted. Further, key barriers to adolescents adopting a plant-based diet are differentiated and considered with respect to practice and policy. The analysis offers a framework to remodel and re-present plant-based foods. In this way, it is proposed that a closer connection is possible, with consequent shifts in adolescents’ dietary behaviour towards a more plant-based diet and associated health benefits.
Analysis of Land-Use Emergy Indicators Based on Urban Metabolism: A Case Study for Beijing
Authors: Huang Qing , Zheng Xinqi , Hu Yecui
Published: June 2015

The correlation of urban metabolism and changes in land use is an important issue in urban ecology, but recent research lacks consideration of the mechanisms and interactions between them. In this research, we did an emergy analysis of the flows of materials, energy, and capital within the socioeconomic system of Beijing. We calculated emergy-based evaluation indices of urban metabolism and land use change, to analyze the relationship between urban metabolism and land use by correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results indicate that the socio-economic activities on built-up land depend on local, non-renewable resource exploitation and external resource inputs. The emergy utilization efficiency of farmland has consistently decreased, but there remains significant utilization potential there. Urban development in Beijing relies on production activities on built-up land, which is subjected to great environmental pressure during extraction of material resources. To keep the economy developing effectively, we suggest that Beijing should commit to development of a circular economy, and change the land-use concept to “Smart Growth”. In this paper, we efficaciously solve the problem of conflicting measurement units, and avoid the disadvantages of subjective assignment. Consequently, this work provides not only a more scientific way to study land problems, but also provides a reliable reference for ecological construction and economic development in Beijing.
Lentiviral Vector Mediated Claudin1 Silencing Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Xianqi , Zou Yanan , Gu Qingqing , Zhao Guannan , Gray Horace , Pfeffer Lawrence , Yue Junming
Published: June 2015

Breast cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Several viral vectors including lentiviral, adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vectors have been used in gene therapy for various forms of human cancer, and have shown promising effects in controlling tumor development. Claudin1 (CLDN1) is a member of the tetraspan transmembrane protein family that plays a major role in tight junctions and is associated with tumor metastasis. However, the role of CLDN1 in breast cancer is largely unexplored. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of silencing CLDN1 expression in two breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cell lines using lentiviral vector mediated RNA interference. We found that a CLDN1 short hairpin (shRNA) construct efficiently silenced CLDN1 expression in both breast cancer cell lines, and CLDN1 knockdown resulted in reduced cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Furthermore, silencing CLDN1 inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating the epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, and downregulating mesenchymal markers, smooth muscle cell alpha-actin (SMA) and Snai2. Our data demonstrated that lentiviral vector mediated CLDN1 RNA interference has great potential in breast cancer gene therapy by inhibiting EMT and controlling tumor cell growth.
Luther par Luther. Du péché à la justice, l’expérience de la foi
Authors: Antier Guilhen
Published: June 2015

La pensée de Luther est inséparable de sa vie. Son œuvre de réformateur de l’Église s’enracine dans son épreuve personnelle d’une reformation de la subjectivité croyante par l’Évangile compris comme événement de parole réalisant la justification de l’être humain devant Dieu sola fide. Choisissant une perspective systématique, Guilhen Antier * propose d’effectuer une plongée au cœur de l’expérience spirituelle de Luther pour montrer en quoi et comment cette expérience provoque un changement de paradigme qui ouvre à une reconfiguration du discours théologique. Dans l’horizon du jubilé de la Réformation en 2017, les notions fondamentales de la théologie luthérienne telles que justice, foi, péché, conscience et œuvre sont ici explicitées et redéployées pour en saisir la cohérence et la pertinence.
Visions d’économistes
Authors: Châteauneuf-Malclès Anne
Published: June 2015

Le discours dominant des économistes véhicule une représentation de la société comme une somme d’individus calculateurs, poursuivant des intérêts matériels et unis par des relations marchandes. La finalité de la société semble alors s’identifier à l’accumulation de richesses matérielles grâce au développement de la sphère des biens privés. Mais le progrès matériel continu n’est plus aujourd’hui synonyme de bonheur et de qualité de vie. Les aspirations sociales imposent des limites à la marchandisation de la société, tandis que les contraintes écologiques incitent à une baisse de la croissance matérielle. Les réflexions des économistes, mais aussi des sociologues, des philosophes, des psychologues, etc. autour de ces questions dessinent les contours d’un projet de société plus juste et plus soutenable pour l’avenir.
L’agentivité en question : étude des pratiques discursives des femmes enceintes sur les forums de discussion
Authors: Marignier Noémie
Published: June 2015

Sur les forums doctissimo.fr sur l’accouchement, les participantes produisent des discours d’opposition au pouvoir médical ; elles estiment être privées de leur capacité d’agir par la normalisation et la technicisation de l’accouchement. Elles développent alors des pratiques discursives collectives pour élaborer une puissance d’agir dans un but de réappropriation du processus de la naissance. L’étude de ces pratiques par lesquelles les femmes enceintes sur les forums utilisent, construisent et parfois refusent leur agentivité permet de comprendre comment les rapports de pouvoirs genrés sont construits ou déstabilisés dans les discours. Je mènerai une étude qualitative de messages recueillis sur les forums doctissimo. fr concernant la naissance en croisant les perspectives de l’anthropologie linguistique, de l’analyse du discours et des études de genre. Après avoir proposé une conception de l’agentivité qui réunisse matérialité linguistique et pensée des rapports de domination, je montrerai comment les internautes construisent et performent en ligne des pratiques langagières de résistance au pouvoir médical et de réappropriation du corps. Cette agentivité doit cependant être nuancée par l’importance accordée dans leurs discours à la naturalité du processus de l’accouchement : des entités comme le bébé, le corps ou la nature sont également dotés d’une puissance d’agir par ces femmes. Le concept d’agentivité, considéré dynamiquement au sein des interactions, permet d’étudier les processus discursifs de création collective de pouvoirs mais aussi les mécanismes d’intériorisation et de reproduction des dominations.
Se raconter en situation de marginalisation : genre et langage dans des récits de migration d’employées de maison péruviennes
Authors: Mick Carola
Published: June 2015

Dans leurs récits de migration (interne), des employées de maison péruviennes à Lima construisent un univers intrinsèquement genré et sexué, sans que la dimension du genre devienne pour autant un objet de leur méta-réflexion discursive. Cet article explore la manière dont la dimension discursive du genre marque les structures linguistiques et narratives déployées par les narratrices et s’entremêle avec les autres dimensions discursives de classe, race et espace. Une analyse du contenu caractérise les discours genrés partagés par les locutrices et les contextualise socio-historiquement. Elle permettra de mettre en évidence, ensuite, le positionnement individuel de plusieurs récits face à la problématique du genre. Pour ce faire, les particularités de la mise en mots seront reconstruites en prêtant spécifiquement attention à l’utilisation créative du genre grammatical dans le corpus. L’analyse démontre la subtilité avec laquelle la langue véhicule des représentations de genre dans les formes autant que dans le contenu, et pointe les possibilités des locutrices de les remettre en question par une agentivité langagière – notamment la réappropriation sémantique du genre grammatical – et narrative.
Le savoir-y-faire avec le réel, une nouvelle conception sur l’invention
Authors: Couto e Silva de Mello Letícia
Published: June 2015

Cet article aborde le thème de l’invention dans son rapport au savoir-y-faire avec le réel et fait un parallèle entre l’invention artistique et l’invention analytique. La question de l’invention traite du réel en tant que lettre. Cela veut dire que le psychanalyste, aussi bien que l’artiste, crée un artifice face à l’impossible de tout dire et de tout représenter. Néanmoins, les opérations artistiques ne font pas du sujet un analyste aussi bien que l’opération analytique ne ramène pas à la formation d’un artiste.
Les « péri-parents » : à la recherche d’un statut spécifique après une mort périnatale
Authors: Giraud Anne-Sophie
Published: June 2015

En France, depuis les années 1980 et 1990, un certain nombre de pratiques institutionnelles et privées autour de la mort périnatale tendent désormais à ménager au fœtus mort une existence dans l’espace public et juridique, allant dans le sens d’une « humanisation » de cet être et contraignant le droit à certaines inflexions (inscription à l’état civil, obsèques, etc.). Derrière ces changements, donnant la fausse impression d’une institution de la personne du fœtus, se profilent en réalité non seulement la volonté de reconnaître la souffrance autrefois déniée des couples endeuillés, mais aussi la volonté qu’ils fassent leur deuil. Mais les enjeux sont bien plus complexes pour ces derniers : donner à cette mort une juste place et s’instituer « parents » en constituant le fœtus comme un enfant, tout en maintenant une certaine spécificité à la mort périnatale.
L’adoption en contexte de protection de l’enfance : profils et trajectoires d’enfants pris en charge à la naissance
Authors: Chateauneuf Doris
Published: June 2015

La prise en charge d’un nouveau-né par les services de protection de l’enfance constitue une mesure d’intervention exceptionnelle qui comporte des enjeux majeurs sur le plan familial et juridique. En se penchant plus spécifiquement sur le modèle de famille d’accueil « Banque-mixte » (à vocation adoptive) développé par les services québécois de protection de l’enfance, le présent article s’intéresse à l’historique de placement et à la trajectoire familiale d’enfants placés dès leur naissance et pour lesquels un projet d’adoption a rapidement été envisagé. En s’appuyant sur une approche par étude de cas, l’auteure discute des balises cliniques et juridiques relatives à l’adoption et des défis que ces situations comportent en termes d’intervention sociale.
Gérer le stigmate. Les politiques intimes de la parentalité rom en Italie
Authors: Sarcinelli Alice Sophie
Published: June 2015

À partir d’une recherche doctorale sur l’anthropologie de l’enfance et de la parentalité roms en Italie, cet article s’intéresse au vécu des parents roms, entre contraintes structurelles, effets de la stigmatisation et processus de subjectivation. Il sera question de l’« économie morale » et politique des sentiments des parents roms et des tactiques qu’ils adoptent pour exercer au mieux le métier de parent et, plus particulièrement, celui de mère. J’avance l’hypothèse que ces sentiments doivent être lus à la lumière des rapports sociaux de sexe, d’âge et de parenté intracommunautaires dans leur interaction complexe avec les rapports sociaux de race et de classe avec la société extracommunautaire.
La socialisation politique enfantine dans des familles d’origine immigrée
Authors: Jaber Asmaa
Published: June 2015

Cet article se penche sur les processus de la socialisation politique enfantine, au travers de données issues d’une enquête ethnographique, réalisée au sein de familles issues de l’immigration dans une Zone urbaine sensible (ZUS) de la banlieue parisienne, durant la campagne présidentielle française de 2012. Il pose la question des agents de socialisation présents autour de ces enfants de 5 à 9 ans élevés dans des familles d’origine maghrébine, et de leurs possibles spécificités. Les recherches sur la socialisation politique en banlieue concluent à un rapport distancié et, négatif au politique chez les jeunes et dans le monde adulte. L’enfance est cependant restée un angle mort de cette littérature étendue. Les enfants sont pourtant fortement exposés à la campagne présidentielle, par des pratiques médiatiques ancrées dans le quotidien. Au-delà de cette exposition, ils sont sujets à une double politisation permanente, et à de multiples influences qui traversent le cadre privé familial, la famille élargie, l’école... Entre politique nationale, politique « arabe », éducation scolaire et parentale, les enfants expriment un rapport légitimiste au politique, caractéristique de cette classe d’âge, malgré les spécificités propres à leurs conditions de socialisation.
Parentalisation contrariée chez les jeunes désaffiliés : quand devenir parent est synonyme d’auto-exclusion
Authors: Baret Caroline , Gilbert Sophie
Published: June 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur la parentalisation de jeunes « de la rue » en situation de désaffiliation familiale et sociale. Notre objectif vise à mieux comprendre l’influence de l’expérience de la parentalité (le vécu subjectif lié au fait de devenir parent) sur la pratique de la parentalité. Par une analyse qualitative descriptive et conceptualisante d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de 12 jeunes parents en difficultés psychosociales, nos résultats dévoilent des conflictualités intrapsychiques importantes concernant la parentalité amenant à une rupture souvent intentionnelle que l’on a appelée « auto-exclusion parentale ». Plusieurs dynamiques ont été mises à jour par notre analyse, explicitant le processus par lequel ces ruptures dans la pratique de parentalité adviennent dans une histoire individuelle et familiale particulière.
Ambiguïté de la valorisation de la coéducation à une époque de sur-responsabilisation parentale
Authors: Neyrand Gérard
Published: June 2015

Le développement d’un discours médiatique et politique mettant l’accent sur la seule responsabilité parentale dans l’éducation entre en contradiction avec la baisse du temps parental consacré à l’éducation du fait du double travail des conjoints, et avec l’importance accrue prise par d’autres instances socialisatrices (médias, modes d’accueil, pairs, école...). À cette représentation parentaliste correspond une sur-responsabilisation des parents qui demande à être dépassée pour que puisse être élaboré un renouvellement de la perspective coéducative par une mise en réseau plus harmonieuse, qui s’appuie sur une pensée nouvelle de ce que serait une co-socialisation.
The Effect of Applied Voltage and Anodisation Time on Anodized Aluminum Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Mahmud Abdul Hadi , Habiballah Anisah Shafiqah , Jani A.M.M.
Published: June 2015

The use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) is vastly being explored in recent years. The application includes molecular separation, sensing, energy storage and template synthesis for various nanostructures. The reason AAO is preferred was because of the ability to control the nanopore structure by manipulating some factors during the anodisation process. This study will investigate the exploitation of voltage and anodisation time during the anodisation process and the effect it has on the nanopore structure of the AAO by examining the structure under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). The experiment was carried out by anodizing aluminum foil in 0.3 M oxalic acid as electrolyte under the constant temperature of 5 °C. The applied voltage was varied from 40, 60 and 100 V with different anodisation time. The outcome of this study demonstrates that applied voltage has a proportional relationship with the developed pore size. Increasing the applied voltage from 40 to 100 V had increased the pore size of the AAO from 38 nm to 186 nm, respectively. Aluminium oxide anodized at 60 V demonstrates pore size in the range of 76 nm. Prolong anodisation time had improved the pore morphology of anodized aluminium oxide in the case of 40 V, however, the pore wall starts to collapse when anodisation time is more than 4 minutes at 100 V.
A Proposed Paradigm Shift in Initializing Cancer Predictive Models with DCE-MRI Based PK Parameters: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Roniotis Alexandros , Oraiopoulou Mariam-Eleni , Tzamali Eleftheria , Kontopodis Eleftherios , Van Cauter Sofie , Sakkalis Vangelis , Marias Kostas
Published: June 2015

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of glioma and the most common malignant primary intra-axial brain tumor. In an effort to predict the evolution of the disease and optimize therapeutical decisions, several models have been proposed for simulating the growth pattern of glioma. One of the latest models incorporates cell proliferation and invasion, angiogenic net rates, oxygen consumption, and vasculature. These factors, particularly oxygenation levels, are considered fundamental factors of tumor heterogeneity and compartmentalization. This paper focuses on the initialization of the cancer cell populations and vasculature based on imaging examinations of the patient and presents a feasibility study on vasculature prediction over time. To this end, pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using Toft's model are used in order to feed the model. Ktrans is used as a metric of the density of endothelial cells (vasculature); at the same time, it also helps to discriminate distinct image areas of interest, under a set of assumptions. Feasibility results of applying the model to a real clinical case are presented, including a study on the effect of certain parameters on the pattern of the simulated tumor.
Amélioration des caractéristiques du phosphogypse en vue de son utilisation en technique routière
Authors: Sfar Felfoul Hayet , Ouertani Nizar , Clastres Pierre , Benouezdou Mongi
Published: June 2015

In order to transform phosphogypsum, an industrial waste, into a material for road construction, many studies of characterization, mechanical behavior, durability and environmental impact must be done. Our paper presents a contribution to the valorization of Tunisian phosphogypsum in road construction. First we confirmed that phosphogypsum presented a bad mechanical behavior in damp curing conditions and especially in presence of water. This deterioration of the material in water can largely be explained by a phenomenon of decohesion of phosphogypsum particles by water, supported by its acidity. To increase the pH and improve strength, we used several additions: sandy-silty soil, lime, portland cement and blast furnace slag. The addition of Tunisian slag and lime allowed to get enough strength: 3 MPa in compression and 0,5 MPa in tension after 28 days in dry curing conditions, and only 30 % lower if a contact with water takes place after 7 days of dry curing conditions.

Pour transformer un déchet industriel, le phosphogypse, en matériau utilisable en construction routière, des études de caractérisation, de comportement mécanique, de durabilité et d’étude d’impact sur le milieu environnant doivent être effectuées. Notre article présente une contribution à la valorisation du phosphogypse tunisien en technique routière. Nous avons d'abord confirmé que le phosphogypse seul présentait un mauvais comportement mécanique à sec et surtout en présence d'eau. Cette dégradation du matériau immergé peut être en partie expliquée par un phénomène de décohésion des particules de phosphogypse par l'eau, le pH, très acide, contribuant à cette décohésion. Pour augmenter le pH et améliorer les résistances et la tenue à l'eau, nous avons utilisé plusieurs additions : un sol sableuxlimoneux, de la chaux, du ciment, du laitier de haut fourneau. L'ajout de laitier tunisien et de chaux permet ainsi d'obtenir des résistances à sec correctes, de 3MPa en compression et 0,5 MPa en traction, ainsi que des résistances à l'eau seulement 30 % inférieures si le premier contact avec l'eau a lieu après 7 jours de séchage à l'air, donc si la mise en œuvre est faite dans une période de temps sec.
West Nile Virus Encephalitis: The First Human Case Recorded in Brazil
Authors: Vieira Marcelo A. C. S. , Romano Alessandro P. M. , Borba Amaríles S. , Silva Eliana V. P. , Chiang Jannifer O. , Eulálio Kelsen D. , Azevedo Raimunda S. S. , Rodrigues Sueli G. , Almeida-Neto Walfrido S. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C.
Published: June 2015

A Brazilian ranch worker with encephalitis and flaccid paralysis was evaluated in the regional Acute Encephalitis Syndromic Surveillance Program. This was the first Brazilian patient who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmation criteria for West Nile virus disease. Owing to the overlapping of neurological manifestations attributable to several viral infections of the central nervous system, this report exemplifies the importance of human acute encephalitis surveillance. The syndromic approach to human encephalitis cases may enable early detection of the introduction of unusual virus or endemic occurrence of potentially alarming diseases within a region.
Book Review: Leadership and Sustainability in the Built Environment
Authors: Elmualim Abbas
Published: June 2015

Leadership and Sustainability in the Built EnvironmentOpoku, A. and Ahmed, V. (ed.), 2015. Leadership and Sustainability in the Built Environment. Routledge, London. ISBN (hbk): 978-1-13-877842-9, Hardback: $155.00.
Connecting the solubility and CCN activation of complex organic aerosols: a theoretical study using solubility distributions
Authors: Riipinen I. , Rastak N. , Pandis S. N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We present a theoretical study investigating the cloud activation of multicomponent organic particles. We modeled these complex mixtures using solubility distributions (analogous to volatility distributions in the VBS, i.e., volatility basis set, approach), describing the mixture as a set of surrogate compounds with varying water solubilities in a given range. We conducted Köhler theory calculations for 144 different mixtures with varying solubility range, number of components, assumption about the organic mixture thermodynamics and the shape of the solubility distribution, yielding approximately 6000 unique cloud condensation nucleus (CCN)-activation points. The results from these comprehensive calculations were compared to three simplifying assumptions about organic aerosol solubility: (1) complete dissolution at the point of activation; (2) combining the aerosol solubility with the molar mass and density into a single effective hygroscopicity parameter κ; and (3) assuming a fixed water-soluble fraction ϵeff. The complete dissolution was able to reproduce the activation points with a reasonable accuracy only when the majority (70–80%) of the material was dissolved at the point of activation. The single-parameter representations of complex mixture solubility were confirmed to be powerful semi-empirical tools for representing the CCN activation of organic aerosol, predicting the activation diameter within 10% in most of the studied supersaturations. Depending mostly on the condensed-phase interactions between the organic molecules, material with solubilities larger than about 0.1–100 g L−1 could be treated as soluble in the CCN activation process over atmospherically relevant particle dry diameters and supersaturations. Our results indicate that understanding the details of the solubility distribution in the range of 0.1–100 g L−1 is thus critical for capturing the CCN activation, while resolution outside this solubility range will probably not add much information except in some special cases. The connections of these results to the previous observations of the CCN activation and the molecular properties of complex organic mixture aerosols are discussed. The presented results help unravel the mechanistic reasons behind observations of hygroscopic growth and CCN activation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles. The proposed solubility distribution framework is a promising tool for modeling the interlinkages between atmospheric aging, volatility and water uptake of atmospheric organic aerosol.