bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Phyllanthus niruri on the modulation of stress and immune responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Ibrahim Md , Khan Mursalin , Mishu Israt , Jahan Ishrat , Mustafa Ahmed
Published: October 2024

The use of nutraceuticals in aquaculture is getting attention to minimize oxidative stress and increase immunity of aquatic animals. In our experiment, we tested the potency of Phyllanthus niruri, as a stress-reducing and immune-stimulating agent in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We reared fish in a recirculating system for 90 days at low (5 g/L) and high (30 g/L) densities. We fed half of the low and high-density fish with commercial feed (control feed) and the other half, with 5% Phyllanthus niruri incorporated into commercial feed (supplemented feed). We assessed plasma cortisol, blood glucose, packed cell volume, plasma proteins, phagocytic capacity, respiratory burst activity, and lysozyme activity. None of these parameters showed any significant difference among the experimental groups. Based on our findings, we conclude that Phyllanthus niruri does not have any potential role in modulating stress and immune response in fish as a nutraceutical.
A modified CD9 tag for efficient protein delivery via extracellular vesicles
Authors: Inano Shojiro , Kitano Toshiyuki
Published: October 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting growing attention for therapeutic use and as diagnostic markers, particularly for cancer. Although therapies based on small interfering RNAs are under intensive research, other therapeutic molecules, especially proteins, have not been sufficiently investigated. One of the major method for loading proteins into EVs is electroporation; however, it damages membrane integrity and requires repeated purification, precluding clinical applications. Thus, natural and efficient protein transfer is a prerequisite for the clinical application of protein-based EV therapy. Another prerequisite is an efficient endosomal escape, as most EVs incorporated into receptor cells result in endosomal degradation. Therefore, we generated a short CD9 (sCD9)-INF/TAT tag for efficiently transfers fused proteins to the EV and enhances endosomal escape to address the abovementioned problems. Interestingly, protein transfer via EVs drastically improved when the EV producer and receptor cells were cocultured, strongly indicating bystander effects of cells producing therapeutic proteins fused with a sCD9-INF/TAT tag. This method can be applied to a wide range of therapeutic technologies, including cellular transplantation or viral therapy.
Effect of crosslinking/antioxidant agents as final irrigant on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated root after radiotherapy
Authors: Tavangar Maryam S. , Shafiei Fereshteh , Eslami Pirharati Sepehr , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Ghahramani Yasamin
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the effects of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin, as a final irrigant on the fracture resistance of irradiated root that obturated with an epoxy resin sealer.

Methodology

Eighty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into non-irradiated (NIR) and irradiated (IR) groups. The teeth were irradiated at 2 Gy per fraction, 5 times a week for a total dose of 60 Gy over 6 weeks. All specimens were decoronated, remaining 13±1 mm root length. Two groups were subdivided into four groups (n = 10): 1) non-instrumented; the intact root served as control. The other roots were instrumented with a pro-taper NiTi rotary system. The final irrigation used was 17% EDTA, followed by three irrigation solution groups; 2) 2.5% NaOCl, 3) 0.02% EGCG, and 4) 0.1% curcumin. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH plus. All specimens were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and loaded vertically at 1 mm/min until fracture occurred. Also, sealer penetration was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The data were evaluated statistically using two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05).

Results

In irradiated roots, fracture resistance of EGCG and curcumin groups did not differ from non-instrumented roots, but they were higher than the NaOCl group (P = 0.006). However, NaOCl, EGCG, and curcumin in irradiated roots had comparable strength that was higher than in the non-instrumented group (p<0.001). Difference between irradiated and non-irradiated roots was observed only for NaOCl and non-instrumented groups (P≤0.004). In irradiated roots, a higher sealer penetration was observed in EGCG and curcumin groups compared to NaOCl.

Conclusion

EGCG and curcumin could be promising final irrigants to reverse the adverse effect of radiotherapy on the strength of irradiated roots obturated with AH Plus sealer.
SARS-CoV-2 variant survey: Comparison of RT-PCR screening with TGS and variant distribution across two divisions of Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser Zannat , Rahman Saikt , Westeel Emilie , Habib Mohammad Tanbir , Hossain Mohabbat , Bulbul Md. Rakibul Hassan , Mukta Sharmin Aktar , Islam Md. Zahirul , Hossain Md. Zakir , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Khan Manjur Hossain , Shirin Tahmina , Ahmed Md. Shakeel , Berland Jean-Luc , Komurian-Pradel Florence , Qadri Firdausi
Published: October 2024

Background

The widespread increase in multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2020 is causing significant health concerns worldwide. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has played a leading role in surveillance programs, many local laboratories lack the expertise and resources. Thus, we aimed to investigate the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and evaluate the performance of multiplexed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for screening and monitoring the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh.

Methods

A total of 600 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were enrolled either prospectively or retrospectively from two divisions of Bangladesh. The samples were screened by variant RT-PCR targeting five mutations of the spike gene (N501Y, P681R, L452R, E484K, E484Q). A subsample of the study population was also selected for third-generation sequencing (TGS) and the results were compared to the variant RT-PCR screening. An in-depth comparison was made between the two methods in terms of congruence and cost-benefit.

Result

Seven variants were detected among samples, with similar distributions of the variants across both divisions. Variant RT-PCR for the targeted mutations lead to a 98.5% call rate; only nine samples failed to be determined. No association was found regarding the demographic features, clinical criteria, or routine RT-PCR Ct values across the variants. The clade diversity of the sequenced subpopulation (n = 99) exhibited similar distributions across the two study sites and other epidemiologic variables. Variant RT-PCR successfully distinguished variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs); however, 8% discrepancy was observed for the closest lineages. Moreover, the variant RT-PCR represented an ideal balance of cost, time, and accuracy that outweigh their limitations.

Conclusion

Based on the strong agreement of variant RT-PCR with TGS, such rapid, easily accessible approaches of rapid strain typing are essential in the context of pandemic responses to guide both treatment decisions and public health measures.
Development of an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm malignancy prediction scoring system
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Katsuda Hiromune , Maekawa Aya , Akahoshi Keiichi , Watanabe Ryosuke , Kinowaki Yuko , Nishimura Hisaaki , Fujiwara Takeo , Tanabe Minoru , Okamoto Ryuichi
Published: October 2024

Despite the presence of various guidelines, diagnosing malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) continues to pose challenges. Furthermore, although endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) offers high-resolution images, it has not yet recognized as the primary tool for malignancy diagnosis. The study objective was to develop a simplified and user-friendly scoring system to improve the diagnostic accuracy of malignant IPMNs. Additionally, the utility of EUS and its effect on diagnostic accuracy were assessed. We retrospectively collected the clinical data on 160 cases of resected IPMN at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022. We examined clinical features, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and EUS results if available. We then calculated the odds ratio of malignancy for these factors and developed an IPMN malignancy prediction (IMAP) scoring system. There were 89 (55.6%) cases of benign IPMNs and 71 (44.4%) of malignant IPMNs. Eight clinical and imaging findings, including age, diabetes mellitus status, jaundice, CA19-9 level, enhancing mural nodules ≥5mm, thickened wall, and main duct dilatation, were significantly associated with malignancy. The IMAP score was calculated by assigning 0 to 2 points to these factors based on the odds ratio. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the IMAP score was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.85] based on CT/MRI alone and improved to 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87) when EUS was added. When the total exceeds 5 points, the positive predictive value becomes 100% (95% CI: 95.9–100). In conclusion, the IMAP scoring system has demonstrated promise as a clinically useful tool, offering both simplicity and sufficient accuracy. It holds potential as an important decision criterion for determining the treatment approach for IPMN. Additionally, EUS contributes to enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of the IMAP scoring system, thereby enabling more precise decision-making.
“It let me merge my love of teaching with research”: A qualitative investigation of the career pathways of biology education researchers
Authors: Driessen Emily P. , Steele Ariel L. , Costello Robin A. , Brewer Peyton , Ballen Cissy J.
Published: October 2024

Discipline-based education research—a field of research that investigates teaching and learning within STEM disciplines—has emerged over the last few decades to improve the quality of STEM education worldwide. Simple qualitative questions concerning the career backgrounds and motivations of the individuals who conduct this research have yet to be explored. Here, we surveyed and interviewed discipline-based education researchers about their career trajectories and motivations to pursue this field of research. We focused specifically on recruiting biology education research faculty members at colleges and universities. We used the Social Influence Model and Social Cognitive Career Theory to develop and analyze survey and semi-structured interview questions. Findings revealed participant career paths all began with disciplinary undergraduate and graduate-level biology education. We noticed participants began conducting biology education research due to their values and personal interests, while additionally being swayed by contextual factors. Specifically, participants valued biology education research because it allowed them to make a difference in the world and provided them with a community open to change and collaboration. Biology education research allowed them to explore their interests in teaching and evidence-based approaches to education. These values and interests were impacted by contextual factors, including discoveries of opportunities, positive (or negative) experiences with mentorship, exposure to evidence-based teaching literature, considerations of salary and job security, and experiences with gender-based discrimination. Our results underscore the importance of harnessing individual values and interests—especially those centered on evidence-based teaching practices and making a difference in the world—while fostering a positive and supportive academic environment. This research reveals pathways toward discipline-based education research careers. Additionally, this research can inform the development of graduate programs and funding opportunities.
Genetic merit of sires for ad libitum residual feed intake affects feed efficiency of restricted-fed heavy pigs but not body weight gain tissue composition
Authors: Mondin Chiara , Faggion Sara , Giannuzzi Diana , Gallo Luigi , Schiavon Stefano , Carnier Paolo , Bonfatti Valentina
Published: October 2024

The study aimed at evaluating how sires, classified for their additive genetic effects on residual feed intake (RFI) of ad libitum-fed progeny, influence growth performance, tissue accretion, and gain composition in restricted-fed offspring (96–168 kg body weight, BW). A total of 416 purebred C21 Goland pigs, offspring of 23 sires, were randomly allocated to three feeding groups: ad libitum, restricted medium-protein, or restricted low-protein. Empty BW, body lipid mass and body protein mass were estimated from individual BW and backfat measures using literature equations. Residuals of a linear regression of average daily feed intake on average empty BW, body lipid and protein daily gains were used as estimates of individual RFI in ad libitum-fed pigs. Additive genetic effects of sires on RFI of ad libitum-fed pigs were estimated with a linear animal model and solutions of the model were used to allocate the sires to low- (LRFI), medium- (MRFI), or high-RFI (HRFI) groups. Restricted-fed progeny of LRFI sires exhibited reduced average daily feed intake (-3%) compared to MRFI and HRFI progeny. This indicates that LRFI progeny make a more efficient use of energy intake and implies that variation in RFI across families, assessed under ad libitum feeding, is related to the across-family variation in feed efficiency detected under restricted feeding. LRFI progeny exhibited also a lower feed conversion ratio (-11%), partially resulting from of a 3% increase in growth rate compared with HRFI. Thus, LRFI progeny consumed less feed, while growing at a similar or slightly higher rate than MRFI or HRFI. No significant differences across sire classes were observed for daily tissue accretion and gain composition. Hence, we can hypothesise that efficient sires would not affect carcass leanness of heavy pig progeny fed restricted.
The Role of P-CABs in GERD
Authors: Howden Colin W.
Published: October 2024

Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) constitute a relatively new class of gastric acid-suppressing drugs. Among this class, vonoprazan is the first to have been approved in the United States. However, some P-CABs including vonoprazan, tegoprazan, and fexuprazan have been available in other countries since at least 2014. The first aim of this article is to review pharmacological differences between P-CABs that are currently approved or in development with proton pump inhibitors. The specific focus thereafter is on the likely role of P-CABs in the treatment of different manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Multiple clinical trials have compared P-CABs with proton pump inhibitors in erosive esophagitis. Additional trials have compared P-CABs with placebo in nonerosive reflux disease. Relevant results are reviewed, and inferences are drawn for their use in the United States. Finally, consideration is given to additional, potential uses of P-CABs in the broader spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and some suggestions are made for future research initiatives.
Serum Autotaxin Levels Predict Liver-Related Events in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Long-Term Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Iwadare Takanobu , Kimura Takefumi , Yamashita Yuki , Okumura Taiki , Wakabayashi Shun-ichi , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Sugiura Ayumi , Yamazaki Tomoo , Shimamoto Satoshi , Igarashi Koji , Joshita Satoru , Umemura Takeji
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

A straightforward, reliable, and noninvasive method for predicting the development of liver-related events (LRE) in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has not been attained thus far. This study investigated whether serum autotaxin (ATX) could predict LRE in patients with PBC.

METHODS:

This retrospective multicenter investigation included 190 biopsy-proven untreated patients with PBC. All subjects were followed for at least 1 year, during which time the prevalence of LRE, including newly developing hepatocellular carcinoma, esophagogastric varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy, was investigated in relation with ATX levels at the time of liver biopsy.

RESULTS:

During the median follow-up period of 9.7 years, LRE were observed in 22 patients (11.6%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and cutoff value of serum ATX for predicting LRE were 0.80 and 1.086 mg/L, respectively. Patients with serum ATX ≥1.086 had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of LRE compared with patients with ATX < 1.086 (33.3% vs 3.6%, P < 0.00001). Notably, the predictive capability of ATX for LRE in patients with PBC surpassed that of FIB-4, ALBI, APRI, and Mac-2-binding protein glycan isomer. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed ATX as an independent associated factor for LRE (hazard ratio 6.24, 95% confidence interval 1.87–20.80, P = 0.003) along with Nakanuma stage (hazard ratio 2.75, 95% confidence interval 1.52–4.99, P < 0.001). These results were closely replicated in a serologically diagnosed PBC validation cohort (n = 32).

DISCUSSION:

Serum ATX levels may serve as a predictive marker for LRE in patients with PBC.
A Multi-Institutional Study on Ultrasound Image Analysis for Staging HBV-Derived Liver Fibrosis: A Potential Noninvasive Alternative to Liver Stiffness Measurement
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Cao Lihua , Liu Fang , Li Chunhui , Zhao Peng , Li Zhaoyi , Lu Xiaojie , Ye Xiaohang , Bao Jianfeng
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Liver stiffness measurement is principal for staging liver fibrosis but not included in routine examinations. We investigated whether comparable diagnostic performance can be achieved by mining ultrasound images and developing a novel serum index (NSI).

METHODS:

Texture features were extracted from ultrasound images. Spearman correlation and logistics regression selected independent variables for significant (F ≥ 2) and advanced (F ≥ 3) fibrosis. We compared the diagnostic performance of transient elastography (TE), ultrasound image biomarker, conventional serum indices (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio), and NSI in 365 patients with chronic hepatitis B.

RESULTS:

Among patients, 52.1% had significant fibrosis and 24.2% had advanced fibrosis. PLT, gamma-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, and globulin were incorporated into NSI. In the validation group, TE achieved the best performance (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.765 [0.690–0.849] for significant fibrosis; 0.812 [0.745–0.878] for advanced fibrosis), followed by ultrasound image biomarker (AUC: 0.712 [0.629–0.795]; 0.678 [0.595–0.763]) and NSI (AUC: 0.630 [0.534–0.725]; 0.659 [0.572–0.745]), outperforming conventional indices.

DISCUSSION:

Texture analysis enhances ultrasound's diagnostic utility, but TE remains superior. When TE is unavailable, ultrasound image analysis and NSI, incorporating prealbumin, can serve as alternative tools for fibrosis staging.
NIDCAP Training Centers Worldwide. Saint-Brieuc, France
Authors: Aurélie Guillou
Published: October 2024

The Saint-Brieuc unit has 25 beds for preterms infants and newborns, 12 for intensive care and 13 for neonatology. It also has parental rooms.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Tiram Sebagai Substitusi Semen pada Campuran Bata Ringan
Authors: Sandytia Saddam Saktya , Prasetyo Tommi Akbar , Fauziyah Shifa , Hartono Hartono
Published: October 2024

Indonesian coastal areas of tourist spots that cause large amounts of seafood waste, such as oyster shells, led to the idea of reducing beach pollution by using oyster shells as a partial substitute for lightweight bricks as construction material. Lightweight bricks require high costs and have a heavy mass as walls, so oyster shell powder, which contains calcium carbonate and has a smaller specific gravity, is expected to qualify the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements for lightweight bricks. The research method is quantitative experimental, which observes the effect of variables based on SNI. The composite of the lightweight brick combination is 0.35 Water Cement Ratio (FAS): 1 cement: 2 sand: 1 foam agent: 50 water, and the variable of oyster shell powder added to the cement is 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of cement. The quality test for oyster shell powder for making lightweight bricks based on SNI 8640, 2018, includes density, water absorption (porosity), and compressive strength tests. The result of average density analysis for 0% = 986 kg/m³, 3% = 954 kg/m³, 6% = 978 kg/m³, 9% = 920 kg/m³, and 12% = 903 kg /m³.  According to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the porosity test results maximum is 25%, the result of average porosity analysis at 0% = 21.2%, 3% = 19.2%, 6%  = 17.2%, 9%  = 23%, and 12% = 24.6%. Compressive strength analysis results at 0%  = 2.3 MPa, 3% = 1.9 MPa, 6%  = 2.1 MPa, 9% = 1.7 MPa, and 12%  = 1.6 MPa. In conclusion, oyster shell powder waste can reduce density, reduce porosity to the optimum point, increase the porosity afterward, increase compressive strength to the optimum point, and reduce compressive strength after passing the optimum point.
Economic impact, pathogen identification and management of blossom and peduncle blight in tuberose: A review
Authors: Vimal S. , Deivamani M. , Sudha A. , Vennila M.A. , Indhumathi K.
Published: October 2024

In the global floriculture industry, tuberose [Agave amica (Medik.) Thiede & Govaerts syn. Polianthes tuberosa L.] holds significant economic and cultural value, particularly in regions like Tamil Nadu, India. However, the cultivation of this valuable flower is increasingly threatened by diseases such as blossom blight and peduncle blight. This review examines the economic importance of tuberose and the severe impact of these blights, caused by Fusarium equiseti and Lasiodiplodia theobromae respectively, which canresult in crop losses of up to 43 %. The identification and morphological characteristics of these pathogens are discussed, emphasizing the need for accurate detection and diagnosis to manage these diseases effectively. This article also reviews current management strategies, including chemical fungicides, biocontrol agents and cultural practices, highlighting the efficacy of carbendazim and tebuconazole against L. theobromae and the potential of Aimcozim and organic amendments against F. equiseti . Climate change exacerbates the impact of these diseases, necessitating adaptive management practices. Despite progress, research gaps remain in developing integrated disease management strategies and understanding the long-term effects of climate change on disease epidemiology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and to encourage further research, with the goal of enhancing the sustainability of tuberose cultivation in the face of these increasing challenges.
Millets in Indian perspective: Importance, processing and value addition – A review
Authors: Sindhu Marimuthu , Geetha Padmanaban , Sashidevi G , Thirupathi V , Karthikeyan S , Preetha P
Published: October 2024

Millet is a crop of ancient origins predominantly cultivated in Asian and African nations. This particular crop thrives in arid regions and requires minimal water resources. Notably, millet serves as a dietary staple in certain countries and offers economic opportunities for farmers, contributing to their livelihoods. Following the announcement of the official title of 2023 as the international year of millet, there has been an increased recognition and emphasis placed on millet. This comprehensive assessment aims to provide individuals with a clear understanding of millets by examining aspects such as recent production and consumption in the world, India, and Tamil Nadu, health benefits (cardiac health, gut health, weight management, gluten-free, sugar maintenance, antioxidants rich food), processing techniques (dehulling, milling, soaking, germination/malting, fermentation, flaking, popping, roasting, extrusion and microwave treatment) and the effects of processing on millets. Furthermore, it sheds light on initiatives and schemes from the Indian Government, in addition to the value addition of millets (weaning foods, baked foods, fermented foods, functional foods, beverages, and traditional foods), which can be beneficial for entrepreneurs and to improve a healthy lifestyle among the population. This review discussed the positive environmental effects of millet cultivation and value addition and the recent market of millet-based food products.
A new dawn for coriander seeds: Overcoming dormancy through innovative and comprehensive enhancement techniques
Authors: Suriyaprakash Palani-Vasantha  , Kavitha Shanmugam  , Umarani Ranganathan  , Rajasree Venkatachalam  , Uma Doraiswamy  , Malarkodi Kulandaivel  , Thangahemavathy Arumugam
Published: October 2024

Coriandrum sativum an important spice exhibits lower seed germination. That may be due to phenolic compounds that induce dormancy in seeds. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive seed enhancement technique to overcome dormancy and improve germination and seedling growth. Seeds were subjected to GC-MS analysis to identify bioactive components. Seeds were leached for 6 to 30 h (Leaching). Following leaching, hydropriming for 3 to 18 h to standardize the priming duration. At the standardized priming duration, seeds were primed with hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, salicylic acid and 2,4-D (leaching + priming). Additionally, leached seeds were coated with polymer and plant growth-promoting microorganisms such as Azospirillum, Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis (leaching + coating). Finally, the best-performing treatments from these experiments were compared with comprehensive technique. The results revealed that coumarin was the primary inhibitor. Leaching (24 h) significantly improved germination by 25.8 % over control. The duration of priming was standardized to 6 h after leaching. Leaching (24 h) + priming with 25 mM H2O2 (6 h) significantly increases germination percentage by 30.7 % over control. Leaching (24 h) + coating with polymer and Azospirillum at 100 g/kg of seeds significantly increased germination by 32.8 % over control. Assessment of the comprehensive techniques revealed that seed leaching (24 h) + priming with 25 mM H2O2 (6 h) + coating with polymer and Azospirillum at 100 g/kg significantly increased the germination percentage by 39 % over control. Results show that a comprehensive technique breaks dormancy and improves germination and seedling growth.
Assessment of Genomic Integrity of Vitex negundo L., An Important Indian Medicinal Plant, Using RAPD Markers
Authors: Chaudhary Shweta , Garg Gunjan , Bharadwaj Alok
Published: October 2024

Vitex negundo is an Indian medicinal plant containing steroids, flavonoids, lignans and terpenoids that can be used as a precursor for commercial production. An efficient marker system such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to assess the genetic integrity of V. negundo. The straightforward method RAPD can be used to evaluate genomic integrity because it uses a small amount of DNA for PCR amplification. Six out of thirteen RAPD primers generated 150 distinct bands, of which 31 were polymorphic, with an average of 5.16 polymorphic bands per primer. A maximum of up to 32 fragments were amplified, and an average of 25 per primer, and the amplicons varied in size between 100 and 2000bp. The percentage of polymorphism ranges from 12.9 to 22.5, with an average of 16.6. The PIC values ranged from 0.11 to 0.63 for RAPD primers. The study pointed out that RAPD markers evaluate the genetic fidelity in Vitex negundo. The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped all in vitro raised plantlets treated with different growth regulators such as BAP, DPU, TDZ, and mT. The principal component analysis also substantiates this clustering pattern. Thus, the phylogenetic relationship and a high genetic variation revealed in the present study could provide baseline data for the conservation and improvement of this plant in future. Also, the molecular marker identified in this study will be helpful in the authentication of this species to prevent adulteration in herbal medicine.
Effect and safety of aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of short stature in male children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ye Ruxia , Dai Junru , Huang Yan
Published: October 2024

This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of short stature in male children and adolescents. Pooled estimates of final or near-final height, predicted adult height (PAH), bone age, and potential side effects were calculated using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model. Our search identified 11 studies with a total of 463 participants. AI was associated with a significant increase in final or near-final height (weight mean difference (WMD)=3.61 cm, 95 % CI: 0.96, 6.26; p<0.001) and PAH (WMD=2.52 cm, 95 % CI: 0.32, 4.72; p=0.025) compared to other treatment. The use of AI showed an increased risk of minor side effects (risk ratio (RR)=2.90, 95 % CI: 1.15, 7.33; p=0.025), but no severe adverse effects were reported. Subgroup analysis, stratified by patient disease, revealed that AI significantly enhanced final or near-final height in both patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and those with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). AIs may contribute to height increase in male children and adolescents with short stature, without significantly advancing bone age. However, the increased risk of minor side effects indicates the need for careful monitoring during AI therapy.
Assessment of mechanical and biological properties of Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr alloy for spinal surgery implant
Authors: Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Si Joon , Choi Byung Kwan , Han In Ho , Park Chan Hee , Nam Kyoung Hyup
Published: October 2024

In the development of spinal implants, the properties of materials play a very important role in the function of the implant. This study evaluates the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr alloy compared to the widely used Ti–6Al–4V alloy for spinal implants. Mechanical properties and biocompatibility were tested by manufacturing commercially available screws and rods using Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr alloy. Static compression bending test, static torsion test, and static four-point bending test were performed using a mechanical testing machine in accordance with ASTM F1717-18 standard and ASTM F382-17 standard. Additionally, screw insertion torque analysis was measured through a cadaver experiment, and histologic analysis was performed through animal experiments using a rabbit. It demonstrates that Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr, with its high yield strength and low Young’s modulus, closely matches human bone’s elasticity, potentially reducing stress shielding effects. Mechanical testing shows Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr’s superior performance in static compression, torsion, and bending tests. Biocompatibility assessments in vivo reveal no significant difference between the two materials, suggesting Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr’s suitability for spinal surgery applications. This research supports Ti–31Nb–7.7Zr alloy as a promising candidate for spinal implants, offering improved mechanical compatibility with bone and excellent biocompatibility.
OSMANLI DÖNEMİNDE BALKANLARDA YAŞANAN SALGIN HASTALIKLAR: VARNA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Alaca Hanife
Published: October 2024

Salgın hastalıklar, eski dönemlerden itibaren insanları etkileyen en büyük felaketler arasında yer almaktadır. Yangın, deprem, iklim değişiklikleri gibi doğal afetlerin yanında insanların sahip olduğu sağlıksız ortamlar da salgın hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Kolera, veba, tifo, çiçek, frengi, cüzzam, sıtma, kızamık, grip ve verem gibi salgın hastalıklar tarih boyunca insanları sosyal, ekonomik, demografik olarak etkilemiştir. Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altındaki Anadolu, Balkanlar, Ortadoğu, Arabistan gibi yerlerde de salgın hastalıklara bağlı kitlesel ölümler yaşanmış; ülke ekonomisi bu salgınlardan olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Balkan şehirlerinden biri olan Varna’da ortaya çıkan salgın hastalıklar ele alınmıştır. Varna, Bulgaristan’ın kuzeydoğusunda Karadeniz kıyısında kurulmuş bir liman şehridir. Şehir, sahip olduğu konum nedeniyle ticari ve askeri hareketliliğe sahiptir. Varna’nın coğrafi konumu nedeniyle yaşanan insan hareketliliği bölgenin her zaman bir salgın tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olmuştur. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan ve belge tarama olarak da bilinen doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında büyük ölçüde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi’ndeki (BOA) belgelerden istifade edilmiş ve konu hakkında yazılan çeşitli kitap, makale ve tezlerden istifade edilerek bir liman şehri olan Varna’da ortaya çıkan salgın hastalıklar ele alınmıştır. Veba, kolera ve tifüs salgınlarının bölgeye nasıl geldiği? Osmanlı Devleti’nin bölgede salgın ile nasıl mücadele ettiği? Bu salgınların bölge üzerindeki etkileri? gibi sorularının cevaplarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
ÇAĞDAŞ SANATTA GÖÇ VE YERİNDEN EDİLME TEMASININ TEMSİLİ OLARAK BAVUL, VALİZ VE ÇANTA
Authors: Girgin Figen
Published: October 2024

Göç, hareketlilik ve yerinden edilme konuları, sanatçılar tarafından farklı şekillerde ele alınabilir. Çağdaş sanatçılar, yerinden edilme ve yer değiştirme kavramlarını görsel olarak ifade etmek istediklerinde genellikle harita, bavul, valiz ve çanta gibi öğelere başvururlar. Bu çalışmada, bavul, valiz ve çanta gibi nesnelerin çağdaş sanatta göç ve yerinden edilme temalarının temsili olarak nasıl kullanıldığını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, konuyla ilgili literatür taraması yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Çalışma göç ve yerinden edilme temasının temsili olarak bavul, valiz ve çantaları kullanan: Vlassis Caniaris, Barthélémy Toguo, Dan Halter, Zoe Leonard, Mohamad Hafez, Mona Hatoum ve Handan Börüteçene’nin eserleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. İncelenen eserler ışığında, bavulların, valizlerin ve çantaların genellikle modernlik ve ilerleme ile ilişkilendirilen hareketlilik ve göçmenlik deneyimi hakkında yeni sorular sormak için kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Bu nesneler, sınır ötesine geçiş ve yabancılaşmanın ifadesi olarak kabul edilir. Hareket halindeki bireyin istediği varış noktasına ulaşamaması, yeni bir dünya kurma çabası, aidiyet arayışı, nostalji, bellek ve dışlanma gibi kavramların bir metaforu olarak görülür. Ayrıca bu nesneler, göçmenlerin ve mültecilerin yaşadığı duygusal ve fiziksel deneyimi derinlemesine anlamak ve ifade etmek için güçlü birer araç olarak hizmet eder.
NIPPURLU YOKSUL ADAM MASALI ÜZERINE BIR DEĞERLENDIRME
Authors: Karaköz Kübra
Published: October 2024

Eski Mezopotamya kaynakları, yazıldıkları dönemin sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel durumuna göre doğrudan ya da dolaylı yoldan bilgi sağlamaktaydı. Eski Mezopotamya toplumsal yapısına dair bilgiler ise genellikle dolaylı yoldan aktarılan verilerden sağlanmaktadır. Metinlerin bir kısmında elde edilen bilgiler, toplumdaki gelir dağılımındaki eşitsizlik, adaletsizlik, toplumsal hiyerarşi, kraliyete bağlı görevlilerin görevlerini kötüye kullanımı ve toplumsal yozlaşmaya ile ilgilidir. Bahsi geçen problemlerle ilgili olarak bilgi sağlayan bir kaynak da Nippurlu yoksul adam masalıdır. Masal, Nippur’da yaşayan haksızlığa uğrayan yoksul ve aciz bir adamın hikâyesini konu almaktadır. Masalın başkahramanı, uğradığı haksızlığa karşı intikam alma girişiminde bulunmuş, bu süreçte türlü kurnazlıkla amacına ulaşmaya çalışmıştır. Konu kapsamında, metaforik yöntemlerle dönemin toplum yapısına ışık tutan metin, bozulmuş düzeni dolaylı yoldan eleştirmektedir. Masalda karakterler üzerinden sağlanan ironi ağırlıkla olmakla beraber metinde, hiciv ve mizah yöntemiyle bir eleştiri yapılmıştır. Hiciv ve mizahi yönü ile değerlendirildiğinde metnin, günümüze kadar gelen bir başka örneği bulunmamıştır. Bu açıdan oldukça spesifik bir metindir. Bu çalışma, Eski Mezopotamya Edebiyatında nadir görülen bir tür olan toplumsal hicvin yer aldığı Nippurlu yoksul adam masalı ve masalın alegorik yorumlanması üzerine odaklanmaktadır.
VAKFİYELERİ IŞIĞINDA ERZİNCAN ŞEYH MUHAMMED SAMİ EFENDİ DERGÂHI (KIRTILOĞLU TEKKESİ)
Authors: Taş Yasin
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada Doğu Anadolu’da yaygın bir şöhrete sahip olan mutasavvıflardan Pir-i Sami adıyla bilinen Muhammed Sami Efendi ve kurmuş olduğu Nakşi dergâhı ele alınmaktadır. XIX. yüzyılın son döneminde Erzincan’ın Karaağaç Mahallesi’nde kurulan bu dergâh Cumhuriyet döneminde halk arasında Kırtıloğlu Tekkesi olarak anıldı. Konuya dair literatür genellikle sözlü anlatılara dayanmakta olup Sami Efendi’nin hayatı ile tasavvufi sohbetlerine yoğunlaşmıştır. 1939 Erzincan depreminde tamamen yıkılarak ortadan kalkan tekke hakkında ise etraflı bir çalışma ortaya konulmamıştır. Çalışma esas olarak tekke için tescil edilmiş olan beş adet vakfiyeyi ortaya koymayı ve bu vakfiyelere göre tekkenin kurumsal işleyişini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tekkenin tasavvufi yönünden ziyade kurumsal tarihine odaklanan bu çalışmada sözlü kültürün anlatılarıyla şekillenen mevcut bilgiler arşiv belgeleri ışığında incelenerek değerlendirilmekte ve bunların bir kısmı teyit veya tashih edilmektedir.
An Illusory Consensus Effect: The Mere Repetition of Information Increases Estimates That Others Would Believe or Already Know It
Authors: Jalbert Madeline , Pillai Raunak
Published: October 2024

How do people estimate the prevalence of beliefs and knowledge among others? Here, we examine the hypothesis that mere repetition of information increases such perceptions of consensus — an “illusory consensus effect.” Although existing evidence suggests that repeated exposure to information may increase its perceived consensus, the impact of repetition has not been tested in isolation from other source and contextual cues. We conducted two experiments to fill in this gap. Prolific participants located in the U.S. read a series of trivia claims — half true and half false in Experiment 1 and all true in Experiment 2. These claims were not attributed to any source. After a short delay, participants made consensus judgments about previously seen (repeated) and new trivia claims. Repetition significantly increased perceived consensus in both experiments; in Experiment 1, participants judged that more Americans would believe repeated (vs. new) information, and in Experiment 2, participants judged that more Americans knew repeated (vs. new) information. These findings provide strong evidence for an illusory consensus effect, such that mere exposure to information increases perceptions of two different measures of consensus: how many others would believe it as well as estimates of current public knowledge. These findings are relevant to our understanding of how our information environments may contribute to (mis)perceptions of consensus.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE PATIENTS: Contraception considerations in transmasculine and gender diverse adolescents and young adults
Authors: Das Kirsten , Gomez Lobo Veronica
Published: October 2024

In brief

Transmasculine and gender diverse adolescents and young adults can often have nuanced considerations when utilizing contraception. This narrative review discusses contraception utilization patterns and specific considerations in this population and proposes a patient-oriented comparison of contraceptive options.

Contraception care is an important aspect of comprehensive gender-affirming care in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents and young adults (AYAs). TGD AYAs seek contraception care for a variety of reasons, and several important considerations are unique to this population. In addition to pregnancy prevention, transmasculine and gender nonbinary persons may seek contraception to achieve amenorrhea and reduce gender dysphoria, or as part of their gender-affirming journey. While patients on testosterone therapy often experience amenorrhea, pregnancy has been reported and testosterone is not a form of contraception. Visits for contraceptive counseling provide an opportunity to discuss fertility goals and preservation planning as well as the possibility that some methods may provide endometrial protection. In this narrative review, we analyze the current literature and discuss specific considerations for contraceptive use in this population. We also propose a contraception overview for shared decision making for patients and their clinicians.
Comparative Analysis of Space Efficiency in Contemporary Tall Buildings: Residential, Office, Hotel and Mixed-Use Functions
Authors: Ilgın Hüseyin Emre , Aslantamer Özlem Nur
Published: October 2024

This paper offers an in-depth comparative analysis of space efficiency in contemporary tall towers, specifically focusing on residential, office, hotel and mixed-use functions (166 cases in total). To the best of current knowledge, no study in the existing literature has focused on this critical and topical subject. The findings underscore the pivotal importance of central core planning and prismatic building forms, which emerge as crucial design elements for optimizing space efficiency across all building types. Central core planning ensures the strategic placement of essential elements like elevators and stairwells, thereby minimizing wasted space and maximizing usable floor area. Meanwhile, prismatic building forms, characterized by their straightforward geometric shapes, facilitate more efficient construction processes and space usage. Average space efficiencies of residential, office, hotel and mixed towers were 76%, 71%, 81%, and 71%, whereas core area to GFA ratio were 19%, 26%, 16% and 26%, respectively. Values fluctuated from the lowest of 55% and 4% to the highest of 94% and 38%. By exploring these dimensions, this research offers valuable insights for the architects and developers, guiding them in the creation of tall buildings that are not only architecturally impressive but also economically viable and highly efficient. This comprehensive analysis serves as a critical resource, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that considers core planning, structural integrity, and material choice in the design and construction of tall edifices. This holistic perspective is essential for professionals aiming to achieve the highest standards of efficiency and practicality in their architectural endeavors.
Heritage Making in Former Socialist Towns in Hungary
Authors: Ispán Ágota Lídia
Published: October 2024

Central and Eastern European countries generally view their socialist heritage as an unwanted, unpleasant burden. The new identity-building processes after the regime change were initially dominated by efforts to rewrite, suppress, or erase the socialist past, while for Western tourists the consumption of key attractions and sites of the built heritage represents a particular form of heritage tourism through which they can experience a slice of an “exotic” past beyond the Iron Curtain. At the national and local levels, there is a vast dissonance between the material heritage of socialism and the identity and aspirations of post-socialist communities, which is even more evident in the case of newly-built, former socialist towns. Through the example of Tiszaújváros and Dunaújváros, my study primarily examines the institutional strategies chosen by these towns to address their socialist heritage. What principles prevailed in the compilation of the local collection of values? What kind of representation of the past do local museums offer, what role does the ethnographic heritage of the annexed villages play in museum presentation and collection, and how are local/regional traditions integrated into the town's image? Finally, through a specific community of memory, a Facebook page, I examine how the recent past appears in individual and collective – often nostalgic – memory, what values the community associates with the town, and how all these relate to the heritagization practices of the local elite.
Orpheus the ideal poet: Notes on the interpretation of the mythological and biblical representations of the Orpheus casket mounts from Intercisa, southeastern cemetery, grave 1023
Authors: Nagy Levente
Published: October 2024

The study analyses of the bronze mounts of the Orpheus casket with biblical and mythological representations. The casket was recovered in two stages, in 1903 and 1967 in the disturbed late Roman grave 1023 of the southeastern cemetery of Intercisa (Dunaújváros). After a brief iconographical analysis of the depictions of the casket, the contribution continues with the analysis of the earlier hypotheses concerning the interpretation of the Orpheus figure in early Christian art and in the Protrepticus of Clemens Alexandrinus from the point of view of the early Christian reception history of the Orpheus myth.
Examining the Impact of Social Factors on Spatial Desirability of Urban Neighbourhoods
Authors: Omidvari Somayeh , Hosseininasab Shariyeh , Ahmadi M. Javad , Golzari Elaheh
Published: October 2024

The increasing importance of neighbourhoods in urban planning, combined with an enhanced focus on the social aspects of designing desirable communities and societies, has emanated the necessity of developing a clear understanding of spatially desirable neighbourhoods. When considering various dimensions of social vitality and existing urban planning norms for residential neighbourhoods, it appears essential to consider and integrate both social and spatial aspects to formulate a desirable community. This article examines the impact of social factors on spatial desirability and vitality of residential neighbourhoods in the context of Iran. The historic city of Yazd has been selected as the case study. Following thorough evaluation of existing neighbourhoods in the city, three study areas have been selected for detailed study; Zortosht neighbourhood, Shahrak University residential complex and Baqiyatullah Azam residential complex. Based on the nature of this study, a qualitative method has been adopted to conduct this research. Extracting from the literature review, three factors of safety and security, sense of attachment to place and social interaction are among the most important socio-cultural factors that can affect the social vitality of a neighbourhood. After the content analysis of the interviews (through semi-structured questionnaires) from the stakeholders and residents of the study areas, observation and documentation of physical and spatial structure of the neighbourhoods and analysing data by interrelating social, as well as spatial aspects, the study concluded that social and spatial aspects are interconnected and both are impacting each other to result in social vitality and spatial desirability of a neighbourhood. Moreover, it was observed that spatial layout of neighbourhoods can increase the potential for social vitality and liveliness. Finally, research recommends design policies for socially integrated and spatially desirable neighbourhoods in the context of Iran, which may be applicable in other similar contexts too.
Where Central and Eastern European countries stand in terms of digital readiness
Authors: Dobos Imre , Bánhidi Zoltán
Published: October 2024

The paper employs a cross-sectional data set comprising the main dimensions of the European Union's International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) and utilises grouping methods based on objective weights to evaluate the relative digital readiness of Hungary and other Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the EU. The objective was not to establish a total ordering (ranking) of the countries in the data set, but rather to identify the most appropriate means of grouping the CEE countries into homogeneous units, utilising multivariate statistical and decision-theoretical techniques (tiered DEA, partially ordered sets and clustering). Despite the disparate methodologies employed, the findings are consistent in that the CEE countries (including Hungary) exhibit a general resemblance to one another and demonstrate comparatively lower levels of digital readiness than Northern and Western European countries. The notable exception is Estonia, which exhibits a distinctive level of digital advancement.