bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with Multiple Sclerosis: Strange Encounters of the Demyelinating Kind
Authors: Tarbell Diane J.
Published: June 2019

In this article the author presents an ‘insider's view’ of Multiple Sclerosis. She tells of her personal and vocational reactions of M.S., and also discusses various forms oftherapies for the M.S. victim and the importance of selecting the ‘right’ physician.
Vocational Rehabilitation Outcome of Patients Discharged from a Rehabilitation Institute
Authors: Bernard Martha M. , Goldberg Richard T. , Fay Fred , Granger Carl V.
Published: June 2019

A vocational follow-up questionnaire was given to 118 patients recentlydischarged from a medical rehabilitation institute. The patients, who werecontacted by telephone, were instructed to evaluate the outcome of vocational rehabilitation received. A measuring instrument was also used to predictthe outcome. Some of the patients received services both from a medicalrehabilitation center and a state vocational agency. Thirty-eight percent ofpatients were found to be either employed, attending school, in training ormaintaining the home. Ninety-three percent reported that they could not return to vocational/educational activity due to medical difficulties. Barthelindex was found to predict vocational outcome whereas PULSES index wasnot. Both rehabilitation institute and state agency counselor contact correlated positively with vocational activity.
Predictors of Rehabilitation Success and Failure of a Caseload of Hearing-Impaired Clients
Authors: Pitts John H.
Published: June 2019

During the period between September I, 1976 and August 31, 1978, 197 clients of the Hearing-impaired Project of the Dallas Vocational Rehabilitation Area had their cases closed either successfully (status 26), or unsuccessfully (statuses 28 and 30). This study examined the case records of all 197 clients in an attempt to discover the variables predictive of rehabilitation success and failure. The statistical procedures of the Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used. Thirty-six predictor variables were grouped into the six subsets of personal characteristics, employment related factors, hearing-impaired background, rehabilitation background, rehabilitation services provided during the current case, and costs of the current case. The results of this analysis together with conclusions and recommendations are presented in this article.
Toward a Theory of Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Hershenson David B. , Crater Lynn A. , Enoch Barbara D. , Gaskell Allen W. , Huston William J. , Kuljian Jewel M. , Mackenzie June , Spangler Arthur S. , Tabb Beatrice
Published: June 2019

This paper describes the process and product of an attempt to develop a theory of rehabilitation counseling. Principles of theory construction and theories in fields related to rehabilitation counseling were reviewed, theory elements were defined, and individual formulations were developed by each of the authors and combined into a common product via consensus. This product was then tested for validity against a range of rehabilitation settings. Produced were consistent sets of definitions, tenets, facts, laws, and hypotheses, which are intended to advance theory-building in rehabilitation counseling.
Functional Factors Related to Vocational Rehabilitation Outcome: Implications for Service Providers and Researchers
Authors: Lynch Ross K.
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the relationship of functional and demographic factors to vocational rehabilitation outcome among a sample of legislatively mandated “severaly physically disabled” clients served by a public vocational rehabilitation agency. Critical functional and demographic factors were identified which were used to construct client typologies and their associated probabilities of vocational rehabilitation success. Implications of a prediction model based on functional factor are discussed in regard to rehabilitation plan development, Independent Living Rehabilitation, defining severity of disability, measuring counselor performance, and with respect to improving rehabilitation research and program evaluation techniques.
Rehabilitation Counseling In The 80's: The Coming of Camelot
Authors: Field Timothy , Emener William
Published: June 2019

The authors surveyed the articles appearing in the Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling throughout the four volume years of their co-editorship, and discussed six critical issues tantamount to rehabilitation/rehabilitation counseling: (a) rehabiltiation counseling, (b) administrative concerns, (c) legislation and funding, (d) the rehabilitation client, (e) assessment and evaluation, and (f) professional associations. While offering recommendations to each specified critical issue, the pervasive theme is that today's adversities could be turned into tomorrow's opportunities.
The Rehabilitation Counselor's Experience of Client Death
Authors: Allen Harry A. , Jaet David N.
Published: June 2019

A survey of Illinois Department of Rehabilitation Services (IDORS) counselors was conducted to investigate their experience of the death of a client. The incidence and impact of a client's death and the counselor's prior preparation regarding death and dying issues was examined. Results indicated that 77% of IDORS counselors experienced a client's death during the period 1977-1980. The results also indicated that the death of a client affects the rehabilitation counselor's appreciation for family members and life in general and also appears to affect the counselor's empathy level with other clients. IDORS counselors also perceive a need for further training in dealing with terminally ill clients and in death and bereavement issues.
The Effects of Rehabilitation Counselor Disability Status on Similarly Disabled Clients' Perceptions of Counselor Social Influence and Empathy
Authors: McKay John K. , Dowd E. Thomas , Rollin Stephen A.
Published: June 2019

Two rehabilitation counselors seated in wheelchairs (mobility impaired) were videotaped in two counseling interviews in which they were coached to be either high or low in social influence and empathy. Each session was simultaneously videotaped with two cameras, one which showed the wheelchair (i.e. disabled counselor), while the other did not (i.e. nondisabled counselor). Forty-eight mobility impaired clients evaluated two counselors each, using the Counselor Rating Form and the empathy subscale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. High influence disabled counselors were rated significantly higher on all measures than high influence notuiisabled counselors. There was no significant differences on any of the measures between low influence disabled counselors and low influence nondisabled counselors. Implications and suggestions for further research are presented.
A Letter in Support of Rehabilitation Counselor Licensure
Authors: Goodwin Lloyd R.
Published: June 2019

Massachusetts is one of the first states to have a bill submitted to its legislature to license rehabilitation counselors. This article includes an edited copy of a letter sent to legislators on the Licensure Committee in order to provide them with a background document to refer to when discussing to pros and cons of rehabilitation counselor licensure. This letter may be helpful to rehabilitation counselors in other states who arepreparing to submit licensure bills. Copies of this “letter” have also been helpfull in educating other human services professionals, lay persons, and prospective students to an overview of the profession of rehabilitation counseling.
Counselor Variables
Authors: Fish Dale , Lesh Kay , Evenson Thomas , Leung Paul
Published: June 2019

This investigation explored the variables of counselor sex, certification status, and geographic location and their relationship with client case closures and money spent. Subjects were 99 ocational rehabilitation counselors employed by the state of Arizona. Case service records were utilized to obtain raw data for the study. Analysis of data was obtained using computerized t-tests. No significant spending or outcome differences in terms of counselor sex or certification were found. Significant differences were found in the spending patterns of urban and rural counselors. Overall relationships for global spending patterns, numbers of clients served, and outcomes were also explored.
Value Conflict: A Cross-Cultural Assessment Paradigm
Authors: Marshall Catherine A. , Wilson James C. , Leung Paul
Published: June 2019

With the continuing increase of contact between peoples of different cultural backgrounds, counselors are often hard pressed in understanding the problems from perspectives other than their own. Using a case study of a young Japanese woman, the article presents a paradigm for use in assessing problems presented that have a cross-cultural basis. The focus of the paradigm is on environmental and value characteristics as perceived by the client and the counselor.
Premenstrual Syndrome: An Overview and Implications for the Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: Greenfield Lynn A. , Wolf Arnold W.
Published: June 2019

Premenstrual Syndrome represents a constellation of symptoms that can debilitate women. The syndrome interferes with ability to function on personal, occupational and educational levels. Controversy exists over the authenticity of the syndrome as a disabling disorder. An overview of physiology and psychophysiological aspects that inflict sufferers is presented. The information is projected into the rehabilitation plan and implications for rehabilitation counselors are presented.
Insurance Rehabilitation: Counseling the Industrially Injured Worker
Authors: Matkin Ralph E.
Published: June 2019

Industrially injured clients represent an array of disabilities that impose varying degrees of functional limitations that affect subsequent vocational rehabilitation planning. A common feature among this client population is that their medical and vocational needs are underwritten frequently by insurance coverage policies. Regardless of the specialized knowledge required to adequately serve specific disability types, counselors must understand the insurance system operating in these cases in order to plan and implement effective vocational rehabilitation services. This article provides information for counselors working with industrially injured clients within an insurance context.
Rehabilitation: Focus on Disabled Women as a Special Population
Authors: Lesh Kay , Marshall Catherine
Published: June 2019

Being female and physically disabled in our society is a double handicap which gives rise to unique problems and needs. The situation of disabled women requires special skills and knowledge on the part of the rehabilitation practitioner. Past inequities in training, education and service provision have resulted in physically disabled women being underemployed, unemployed, or low status positions. Effective work with disabled women requires that professionals understand the issues of being female and disabled, increase their awareness of individual attitudinal biases, and broaden skills in dealing with this unique population. Rehabilitation counselors, educators and administrators need to take a proactive stance to advocate for disabled women as well as provide fair and equitable services.
Educational Needs of Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors Working With Clients Who Have Arthritis
Authors: Potts Marilyn , Brandt Kenneth D.
Published: June 2019

As a prelude to the design of education programs on arthritis for vocational rehabilitation counselors, the learning needs of 86 counselors were assessed. The repsondents were asked to rate the extent of their knowledge about 11 items related to their work with clients who have arthritis, and to give their perceptions of the importance of these items. For each item the median rating for perceived importance was significantly higher than that for perceived adequacy of knowledge.

Some 80% of the counselors had had no on-the-job orientation about arthritis, 72% no formal education about arthritis in college, and 70% had not participated in a continuing education program about arthritis within the past two years. The results indicate that the counselors need and desire education programs on arthritis, and that information regarding methods of rehabilitating people with arthritis is relatively more important to this audience than information about the clinical aspects of the disease.
Individuals with Life-Threatening Disabilities: A Rehabilitation Counseling Approach
Authors: Allen Harry A. , Sawyer Horace W.
Published: June 2019

An increasing number of individuals with life-threatening disabilities are being served by rehabilitation counselors due to legislative mandates and advances in medical technology. This article proposes a rehabilitation counseling approach that involves an understanding of psychosocial considerations, a counseling approach, functional capacity assessment, and vocational planning. This approach is designed to offer these individuals an opportunity to experience as much independence as possible, improve their quality of life, and participate in a vocational planning process that identifies realistic vocational alternatives.
Vocational Computer Systems And The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (A Critical Analysis)
Authors: Watters George M.
Published: June 2019

The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), supplements to the DOT, and other standardized vocational information have long been used to assist in job placement, vocational and educational planning, and litigation. Recent reliance on computerized information systems has both increased this use and provided rapid access to information results. However, the speed and clerical accuracy of current technology may mask invalid use of information system components. This article examines coding structures used with standardized occupational information to determine “transferable skills:” Proper transferable skills technology is essential to valid application of vocational information. It is intended that this article will spur information users to question and, where possible, determine the underlying systematic technology used for transferable skills analysis.
Job Related Physical Capacities Project: A Resource In the Career Development of Physically Disabled Persons
Authors: Peterson Michael , Buchanan Lillian
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation professionals need systematic tools to use in considering job and training accommodations for physically disabled persons. The Job Related Physical Capacities Project (JRPC) provides a valuable resource in ‘job placement, career’ exploration, vocational evaluation, and expert testimony. Detailed physical demands job analyses have been performed on occupations. The physical capacities of an individual are compared with job requirements. When discrepancies exist, job accommodations and aids may be systematically explored using a manual provided with the project.
Variables Associated with the Vocational Rehabilitation Outcome of Chronic Low Back Pain Individuals
Authors: Smith James Kenneth , Crisler Jack R.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this descriptive study. was to identify variables that were significantly related to rehabilitation outcome with a population of Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) individuals. Two samples of CLBP individuals were compared. One sample consisted of 35 successfully rehabilitated persons, and the other consisted of 35 nonrehabilitated persons. Results indicate that the variables of age, marital status, length of time on job where injured, and time from injury to referral were not significantly related to rehabilitation outcome. The variables of sex, education, SSDI status, number of surgeries, workers' compensation settlement status, and the presence of a psychiatric condition were all significantly related to rehabilitation outcome.
Vocational Rehabilitation of The Severely Brain Damaged Patient: Stages and Processes
Authors: Cohen Jiska
Published: June 2019

A systematic assessment and intervention methodology for the vocational rehabilitation of the severely brain damaged patient is described and demonstrated by two case studies. Salient issues in assessment are examined. The methods of delineating vocational range and determining the extent and means by which deficits can be remediated are investigated. Intervention is shown to be comprised of a training period, as well as a work simulation stage. Finally, the concluding part of the rehabilitation process is examined, the planning and the arranging of placement, and the preparation of the patient and his environment for his working role.
Psychoeducational Training With High-Risk Rehabilitation Clients in a Field Office Setting - A Pilot Study
Authors: Farley Roy C. , Means Bob L. , Akridge Robert L. , Rice B. Douglas
Published: June 2019

This study examined the cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects of psychoeducational training with 28 multiply disabled “high-risk” clients in a vocational rehabilitation field office. The findings indicate that, with the exception of the measure of general adjustment, psychoeducational training had a significant positive effect on the degree to which clients expressed self-defeating beliefs, experienced non-productive emotions, emitted the relaxation response, and controlled stress. At six months follow-up, clients receiving the training had a more successful rehabilitation program status than did clients not receiving the training.
Families, Illness & Disability
Authors: Power Paul W. , Orto Arthur E. Dell
Published: June 2019

The family can be a help or a hindrance to the client during the rehabilitation process. This article identifies three roles for the rehabilitation counselor when working with families. Challenged by the demands of illness and disability, each is presented in the context of how the counselor can maximize the resources of the family which will facilitate, in turn, the rehabilitation of a family member. Recognizing the need for intensified education in the areas of the family and rehabilitation, this article also discusses a course which was developed by the authors to increase the knowledge and skills of rehabilitation counselors when utilizing the resources of the family during the rehabilitation process.
Cultural Adjustment and Rehabilitation Referral for Orthodox Jews Diagnosed As Learning Disabled
Authors: Levitz Paul H.
Published: June 2019

Vocational rehabilitation can be impaired by cultural dissonance between a training program and its clients. A referral process for learning disabled Orthodox Jewish students is described which facilitates training by acting as a liaison between secular programs and the Jewish community, by counseling clients and by advising programs for special needs of this population. The program provides both practical help in adjustment and a symbolic bridge between the culture of origin and the larger world.
Grief, Pathological Grief, & Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Bailey Becky J. , Gregg Charles H.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors may encounter clients who are struggling with previously unresolved grief reactions to death and to losses associated with disability. These reactions may impede any potential therapeutic progress for such persons. The symptoms characterizing normal and pathological grief may be multiple and varied. Clues for the differential identification of these two grieving patterns are described, implications for practice are made, and resources for referral are suggested.
Disability & Human Services In Popular Literature in Relation to Recent Presidential Administrations
Authors: Giles Frank L. , Byrd E. Keith
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine relations that may exist between presidential administrations and topics related to human services and persons with disabilities in popular periodicals. The researchers discovered a relationship between human service topics and the Carter versus Reagan administrations. Significantly more articles were written on human services during the last two years of the Carter Administration than during the first two years of the Reagan Administration.
The Relationship of Information, Fear, & Involvement in Serving Older Rehabilitation Clients
Authors: Bearden Lisa J.
Published: June 2019

Relationships among information on aging, fear of aging, and involvement with older persons were examined in public rehabilitation facilities in Alabama. The variables were measured respectively by the Facts on Aging Quiz, a four-item fear index, and hours of involvement with persons age 60 and above. Demographic variables of age, sex, race, and educational status were also examined among the subjects. Pearson product-moment correlations and t-tests were used to test for significance of the relationships at the p < .01 level. Information and race were significantly related with more information indicated for white subjects, and age and involvement were significantly related with more hours reported for older subjects.
Building Bridges: Transition from School to Work for Youth Who are Disabled
Authors: Johnson Stephanie , Atkins Bobbie J.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to describe those components of transition necessary for successful employment outcomes of young people with disabilities. The roles and responsibilities of vocational rehabilitation, special education, and vocational education are described. Parent/guardian and employer involvement were discussed as being essential to the transition process. Research is needed to provide background in developing a thorough, sequential, and formalized process of transition from school to work.
Nutritional Awareness for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Liberty Leona H.
Published: June 2019

Proper nutrition can assist a person to combat stress, prevent, and control numerous diseases. Therefore, nutritional awareness can enhance the rehabilitation process.

This article presents nutritional information in a way that rehabilitation counselors can be nutritionally aware. The intent of the article is that the nutritionally aware counselor can subsequently communicate this valuable information to clients. The Recommended Dietary Allowances are reviewed. Information on vitamins, vitamin supplements, and dietary fiber are presented.
A Projected Post Discharge Rehabilitation Program for Closed Head Injured Adults
Authors: Dennis Steven , Ebert Thomas A. , Wolfe Sandra J. , Mueller Horst H. , Brintnell E. Sharon , Vargo Frances A.
Published: June 2019

The following paper briefly summarizes the barriers to social and vocational readjustment of persons with closed head injuries and outlines a proposed comprehensive program designed to eliminate those barriers. Each of nine projected program modules is outlined, focusing on a multidisciplinary, goal-oriented approach toward the unique and complex programs experienced by the target population. This applied approach to social and vocational issues is designed to provide continuity of service from hospital discharge to full employment.
A Pilot Study on the Effect of Visible Physical Stigma on Personal Space
Authors: Stephens Karleen K. , Clark Donald W.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if greater physical distance existed between a person with a visible physical stigma and non-disabled persons than existed between persons without a visible disability. A significant (p < .05) movement away from the person with a disability was found. The results suggest the possibility of using physical distance as a criterion measure for stigma.
Ethical Standards for Rehabilitation Counseling: A Brief Review of Critical Historical Developments
Authors: Emener William G.
Published: June 2019

This manuscript: (a) briefly reviews critical, historical antecedents of the continuing developments and refinements of ethical standards for the professional practice of rehabilitation counseling; (b) demonstrates how ethical standards reflect the continuing, changing developments in American society, rehabilitation service delivery, and the actual practice of rehabilitation counseling; and (c) substantiates the veracity and validity of its assertion that overall, the development of ethical standards for the professional practice of rehabilitation counseling basically has constituted reaction-to-crisis, facade, and less-than-earnest activities. Recommendations for rehabilitation counseling's future initiatives and activities are offered.
The Issues in Disability Scale A New Cognitive & Affective Measure of Attitudes Toward People with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Makas Elaine , Finnerty-Fried Pamela , Sigafoos Ann , Reiss David
Published: June 2019

The Issues in Disability Scale (IDS) is a new instrument developed to measure both the cognitive and affective components of attitudes toward persons with physical disabilities. The IDS builds upon previous research, while avoiding many of the problems criticized in earlier measures. The method by which tile instrument was constructed is presented, along with preliminary data supporting both the reliability and the validity of the scale.
Beck's Cognitive Therapy: An Overview for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Bowers Wayne A.
Published: June 2019

This article introduces Beck's Cognitive Therapy as a counseling model for rehabilitation counselors. The structured approach and success in treating anxiety and depression contribute to its validity as a tool in rehabilitation.
Limited and Unlimited Workers' Compensation Wage Replacement Benefits and the Rehabilitation Process
Authors: LaForge Jan , Harrison Don K.
Published: June 2019

This study examined the relationship between the type of Workers' Compensation wage-replacement benefits—time limited and time unlimited—and the rehabilitation process for 2077 persons identified as occupationally disabled in the state/federal rehabilitation program. While clients who received time limited Workers' Compensation benefits (N = 791) required less time to rehabilitate, they required more services, of a different type, and their rehabilitation programs cost considerably more than clients who received time unlimited benefits (N = 1286).
Rehabilitation and Generic Graduate Student Self Reports Of Client/Counselor Interviews
Authors: Byrd E. Keith , McEwen Marylu K. , DeMilly Margery A.
Published: June 2019

Students (N = 20) were drawn from the graduate student population of a counselor education department containing programs in rehabilitation counseling, community agency counseling, college student development, and school counseling. The Counseling Interview Report was used to gather data on a number of issues arising from the counselor/client interview. Conclusions drawn from the data support that (a) topics discussed by the client and goals for the interviews related to practicum setting and a desire to establish a client/counselor relationship; (b) there is no apparent change in students' perceptions of their performance between first and later interviews; and (c) students may have been so concerned with establishing a positive relationship that the importance of setting goals and developing interventions was overlooked.
A Survey of Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors Who Work with American Indians
Authors: Martin William E. , Frank Lyle W. , Minkler Sam , Johnson Marilyn
Published: June 2019

A survey of vocational rehabilitation counselors was conducted to identify factors which they consider to be important in the provision of services to American Indians. Comparisons are made between the perceptions of counselors working primarily with clients living on reservations to those working primarily with clients living off reservations. The results show that there are common perceptions by counselors in both groups on important factors to consider in the delivery of rehabilitation services to American Indians. Of equal importance are the differing factors that were identified by counselors depending upon whether they work primarily with clients living on or off reservations.
Psychological Effects of Early Versus Late Referral to the Vocational Rehabilitation Process: The Case of Mexican Origin Industrially Injured Workers
Authors: Fierro Robert J. , Leal Anita
Published: June 2019

This study presents results of research that examines the psychological effects on industrially injured workers of Mexican origin of early versus late referral to the California workers' compensation vocational rehabilitation system. The findings of this study showed that depression, self-esteem, and dependency as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-168 (MMPI-168), the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS), and the Personality Research Form E (PRF-E) respectively were significantly affected by the length of time of referral between injury and vocational, rehabilitation services. Depression and dependency scores were significantly lower and self-esteem scores were higher for the early referral group compared to the late referral group.
A Survey of Injured Worker Outcomes in Wisconsin
Authors: Beck Richard J.
Published: June 2019

Outcomes for Wisconsin workers who had disabilities resulting from injuries that they sustained in 1983 were examined three years later. Variables taken from rehabilitation literature which have demonstrated association with injured worker outcomes were analyzed in terms of their relationship with each other and with outcome, in order to ascertain the best model of interactive variables which would explain outcome. Variables included in the analysis were outcome (unemployment/employment), locus of control, unemployment rate (above average/below average), rehabilitation worker involvement, marital status and change (pre- and post-injury), education, age, litigation involvement, length of healing, and percentage of permanent disability. The best model contained interactions between external locus of control and high unemployment areas, poor outcome (unemployment) and external locus of control, poor outcome and lengthy healing periods, and external locus of control and lengthy healing periods.
Present and Ideal Roles and Functions of the Medical Rehabilitation Counselor
Authors: MacGuffie Robert A. , Misener Beth Baker , Reichert David A.
Published: June 2019

This study compared the responses of a group of 132 medical professionals and a group of 129 allied health professionals and the present and ideal role and function of the rehabilitation counselor in the medical setting. Both groups rated the ideal function significantly higher than the present function with one exception. Both groups perceived the ideal and present functions to be more alike than different. When they differed, the allied health group emphasized more traditional roles on the present scale, while the medical group emphasized more psychological functions on the ideal scale. The results are discussed particularly as it relates to role expansion.
Cost Prediction in Private Rehabilitation
Authors: Lam Chow S. , Bose Julie L. , Geist Glen O.
Published: June 2019

Two hundred and sixteen cases of closed files from a private rehabilitation firm were reviewed to assess employment outcomes and rehabilitation costs. Thirty-four variables were entered in a regression analysis to predict rehabilitation costs. Six were found to be predictive. Implications for private rehabilitation and future research are discussed.
Squeezing Long-Term Supports Out of a Short-Term Program: Independence Issues and Supported Employment
Authors: Nisbet Jan , Rogan Pat , Hagner David
Published: June 2019

The current dilemmas associated with the philosophy behind independence and supported employment are presented. In particular the authors define the concept of independence in rehabilitation in several ways: independence as productivity, Independence as the absence of barriers, independence as autonomy, and independence as the absence of support. These various definitions are consistent with many supported employment practices but have been narrowly defined for the purposes of funding and regulations. Additionally, the authors present one state's implementation of supported employment, as an example of the competing goals of state funding formulas and the need for long-term supports. A need for new funding formulas and regulations directed at ongoing and natural support is explained.
The Current and Future Role of Rehabilitation Facilities in External Employment
Authors: Whitehead Claude , Davis Paula K. , Fisher Mark
Published: June 2019

This article reports the results of a nationwide survey conducted to determine the involvement of rehabilitation facilities in external employment and the opinions of key state agencies regarding this employment option. Based on responses to the survey, interviews with consumers, parents, and external employment project staff, site visits, and a review of the literature, thoughts on the future of rehabilitation facilities are provided. Comments are made on the structure and role of facilities; eligibility and priority for services; funding policies; roles of staff, family, and friends; Interagency relationships; case coordination; and technical assistance, among others.
Rehabilitation Practitioner Contributions to Professional Journal Literature
Authors: Joiner James G. , Saxon John P.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation practitioners contributions to professional literature may be important in determining directionality in the development of their profession. This study reviewed 394 articles published over a three-tear period in four major rehabilitation journals. It analyzed the types of research published by practitioners and the journals in which their research was published. Patterns were established clarifying the types of research performed by practitioners.
Vocational Limitations and Assessment of the Client Who is Traumatically Brain Injured
Authors: Moore Richard L. , Bartlow Cary L.
Published: June 2019

People with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) are difficult to evaluate in terms of vocational limitations and potential. With careful and comprehensive diagnosis and skillin the vocational diagnostic process, limitations can be objectively documented. Future vocational potential can be reasonably assessed.
Substance Abuse and Disability: The Role of the Independent Living Center
Authors: Frieden Adina L.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to provide rehabilitation professionals with a general overview of Independent Living Centers (ILCs) and a specific focus on how centers work with clients who have a secondary disability of substance abuse. There is a critical gap in ILCs services to clients who have alcohol or drug problems.
A National Survey of Student Attitudes and Perceptions of Substance Abuse Issues
Authors: Taricone Patrick F. , Janikowski Timothy P.
Published: June 2019

Persons with substance abuse problems are fast becoming a major disability group requiring rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation education programs offering substance abuse courses are attracting Increasing numbers of students, both from rehabilitation and allied majors, who expect to pursue careers as substance abuse specialists. The characteristics of these students are of interest to rehabilitation educators; substance abuse employers, and other rehabilitation professionals. Two hundred-thirteen students, enrolled in 12 different alcohol and drug related courses nationwide, responded to the “Questionnaire on Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Substance Abuse.” The results of this survey, which provides a description of student characteristics including demographics; past and present alcohol and drug practices; and attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about substance abuse issues, are presented. Implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
Assistive Device Utilization and Quality of Life in Adults with Spinal Cord Injuries or Cerebral Palsy Two Years Later
Authors: Scherer Marcia J.
Published: June 2019

A study was done in 1986 that compared assistive device (AD) users and non-users on their functioning, temperament, and perceived quality of life. A follow-up study was conducted in 1988 with all of the original study participants in order to assess changes over time in the above mentioned areas. The original methodology was repeated with five female adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and five male adults with spinal cord Injuries (SCI). Additionally, two individuals with recent spinal cord injuries were added to the sample. The findings indicate that the functional capacities and temperament of participants with CP both tended to improve over time whereas most SCI participants seemed to become less well-adjusted in several areas. While the SCI users of ADs continued to display the best overall functioning of all participant groups, the SCI non-users reported the most functional declines over time with the gaps between them and the SCI users widening.
The Social and Individual Costs of Negative Attitudes Toward Persons with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Havranek Joseph E.
Published: June 2019

This paper reviews demographic aspects of and adaptational responses to disability. These are then combined with a number of inter-related attitudes to explain and refine the social and individual costs of disability.
A Comprehensive Clinical Vocational Assessment: The PACT Approach
Authors: Frey Jana Lane , Godfrey Michelle
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present an “Integrated Clinical Behavioral Assessment Approach” for use with persons with severe and persistent mental illness. This approach has been viewed as effective in facilitating successful competitive vocational outcomes within a model community support program.
Doing it the Company Way: Using Internal Company Supports in the Workplace
Authors: Fabian Ellen S. , Luecking Richard G.
Published: June 2019

Recent limitations identified in the job coach model of supported employment have stimulated interest in the use of natural workplace supports as a means of facilitating competitive employment opportunities for individuals with severe disabilities. The authors describe one approach to natural workplace supports called the internal company support approach to supported employment, using existing employer-sponsored training programs in the workplace. Examples of employer-sponsored training activities are provided, as well as implementation suggestions based on the authors' experience.
A Study of Appropriate Use of Language When Making Reference to Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Byrd Keith , Crews Bee , Ebener Deborah
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a training module on the appropriate use of language when referring to persons with disabilities. Undergraduate students in a special education course were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. There was a significant difference in language usage between subjects who received a training module on the use of appropriate language and subjects who did not.
Hospital to Community: A Collaborative Medical Rehabilitation and Independent Living Program
Authors: Tate Denise G. , Rasmussen Lynnette , Maynard Frederick
Published: June 2019

A collaborative model of medical rehabilitation and independent living program has been developed by the University of Michigan Medical Center (UMMC) and the Ann Arbor Center for Independent Living (AACIL) to assist persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI) in acquiring maximal independence and control over their lives after the onset of a new traumatic disability.
Age Bias: An Intervening Variable in Vocational Rehabilitation Feasibility Decision-Making?
Authors: Saxon John P. , Spitznagel Ronald J.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the vocational rehabilitation counselors' decision making process concerning feasibility of clients for services. Sixty-four vocational rehabilitation counselors, employed in two districts in the state of Florida, were selected to participate in the study. Four age continua were used and presented in eight vocational evaluation reports. Using a variation of the Latin square design to present the ages in sets of four cases for each treatment condition, counselors were then randomly assigned to a treatment condition. Age bias scores were analyzed using a t-test for dependent means and yielded a t = −1.164, d.f. = 55, P = .125. The null hypothesis was retained (p > .05). The results indicated that vocational rehabilitation counselors in this study were not significantly affected by the age of the client concerning the client's feasibility for acceptance for services.
The Power of Inquiry as Regards American Indian Women with Disabilities: Divisive Manipulation or Clinical Necessity?
Authors: Marshall Catherine A.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors and researchers have called for more research and understanding as regards the needs of ethnic minority women with disabilities. However, researchers are confronted with the ethical issue of whether or not it is morally responsible to “divide” an ethnic minority population. This articles raises the issue of the appropriateness of conducting sex-specific studies with minority populations, and reports selected results from a recent study of American Indians with disabilities in terms of male and female responses. It is suggested that failing to analyze research according to sex category may result in rehabilitation counselors failing to meet the needs of Indian women with disabilities.
Counseling Strategies to Enhance the Vocational Rehabilitation of Persons After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Marme' Michelle , Skord Ken
Published: June 2019

After traumatio brain injuries (TBI), individuals must overcome many barriers to attain their maximum independence. In our sooiety, competitive work remains a major indicator of this independenoe. The model presented in this article stresses that vocational rehabilitation counseling, regardless of the client's particular situation, follows the same basic goals and methods. Those goals are directed toward the attainment of a realistio vocational plan given the individual's skills, abilities and temperaments, as well as the vocational alternatives available to that individual. To achieve those goals, the vocational rehabilitation counselor (VRC) must rely on fundamental counseling skills. A safe, therapeutic environment must be created by carefully listening to the client's ideas and feelings. The VRC assists the client in identifying goals, as well as the behaviors necessary for achieving them. Cooperatively, strategies for defining and achieving both are explored. When inevitable differences surface between the client's perception of the best course of action and that of the VRC, VRCs must provide clear, honest explanations of their reservations about the client's plans, while remaining supportive of the client's motivation to work. Greater responsibility and skill for the counseling relationship must be assumed by the VRC in working with individuals who have had traumatic brain injuries.
Assessing Predeterminants of Job Satisfaction Among Certified Rehabilitation Counselors in Various Work Settings
Authors: Matkin Ralph E. , Bauer Lauralyn L.
Published: June 2019

Responses to Holland's Vocatiqnal Preference Inventory (VPJ) and Nevill and Super's Values Scale (VS) by a 20% randomly selected sample (N = 494) of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors (CRC) were grouped according to whether respondents indicated enthusiasm, satisfaction, or dissatisfaction with their occupational status. The sample was stratified proportionately by eight settings that accounted for over 89% of the practicing CRC population (N = 2,472) working in state/federal rehabilitation agency offices, private not-for-profit rehabilitation facilities, private for-profit rehabilitation firms, medical centers/general hospitals, state/federal rehabilitation facilities, mental health centers, mental institutions, and private practice. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's coefficient alpha, analyses of variance, and Scheffe's post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results revealed significant interaction effects between sex, work site, occupational status, and inventory profiles.
The Vocational Interests of Prisoners: A Preliminary Validation Study of the Lustig Color Vector Test
Authors: Polio Robert E. , Lustig Paul , Livneh Hanoch
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide empirical evidence for the validity of the Lustig Color Vector Test (LCVT) as a vocational interest measure. The LCVT, a nonverbal instrument, is a schematic attempt to represent the Vector Theory of Behavior which describes human behavior in terms of motion and the laws of physics. A sample of 92 participants was chosen to represent the literate male population of incarcerated offenders in the Wisconsin state prison system. Participants were administered the LCVT as well as Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and a demographic questionnaire. The results offered tentative support to the notion that the LCVT does measure vocational interest, thereby lending credence to Lustig's Vector Theory of Behavior.
Perceptions of Adjustment Issues Following a Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Study
Authors: Povolny Mary Alice , Kaplan Steven P. , Marme' Michelle , Roldan Gwen
Published: June 2019

Research has identified several psychosocial adjustment issues which follow a traumatic injury. We studied two women with spinal cord injuries to determine how the injury had affected their life satisfaction, and to identify areas of adjustment requiring attention. Significant issues emerged concerning intimate relationships and dating, response to societal reactions to their appearance, vocational pursuits, spirituality, and locus of control. Suggestions for further research are presented, and implications for facilitating adjustment to disability are discussed.
Licensure in Rehabilitation Counseling: A Critical Incident in Professionalization
Authors: Tarvydas Vilia M. , Leahy Michael J.
Published: June 2019

Licensure and credentialing in rehabilitation counseling are discussed in the context of larger professional and social movements. Challenges are posed to the rehabilitation counseling profession.
Instrument to Validate Rehabilitation Counseling Accreditation and Certification Knowledge Areas
Authors: Ltnkowski Donald C. , Thoreson Richard W. , Diamond Esther E. , Leahy Michael J. , Szymanski Edna Mora , Witty Thomas
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the current research was to develop an instrument that (a) represented the existing knowledge standards used in rehabilitation counseling certification and accreditation, and (b) allowed for identification of new and emerging knowledge areas. Participants were 1,025 counselors who renewed their certification in 1991. Principal components analysis in which all items were loaded revealed the following knowledge domains: (a) Vocational Counseling and Consultative Services; (b) Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Disability; (c) Individual and Group Counseling; (d) Program Evaluation and Research; (e) Case Management and Service Coordination; (f) Family, Gender, and MulticulturalIssues; (g) Foundations of Rehabilitation; (h) Workers' Compensation; (i) Environmental and Attitudinal Barriers; and (j) Assessment. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the resulting 10 subscales of the instrument ranged from .72 to .95 indicating moderate to high internal consistency reliability.
Professional Credentialing: A Doomsday Machine Without a Failsafe
Authors: Thomas Kenneth R.
Published: June 2019

A critical assessment of the special issue and the credentialing movement in general is provided in this article. Caution is advised in implementing credentialing mechanisms.