bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“INTERNATIONAL AND INTRASTATE REGULATION OF THE NUCLEAR SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION”
Authors: Navilevna Malmir Elmira , Mirgalimovich Valeev Revol
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The article provides key international and national treaties and laws in the sphere of nuclear activity and nuclear security of the Russian Federation. The authors give brief characteristics. The main aspects of cooperation between Russia and IAEA are appointed. Authors have found out trends in legal providing for the development of nuclear activity of Russia until 2020.

Methodology: The methodology of the article is based on the principles and categories of dialects: induction and deduction. The information about legal acts, international and national, accepted by Russia is fully provided. Great attention was given to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 585 «On validation of the Basic Principles of State Policy in the sphere of nuclear and radiological security of the Russian Federation for the period till 2025 and further perspective» dated by 13 October 2018.

Results:  In the modern context, nuclear energetics is one of the most important economic sectors of Russia. Dynamic development of nuclear energetics is one of the key conditions for providing energy independence of the state and stable growth of the country’s economy. The well-developed legal and regulatory framework is compulsory for providing secure and effective nuclear activity in Russia.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the “International and intrastate regulation of the nuclear security of the Russian Federation” is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
PROBLEMS OF TESTING APPLICATION IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING CONTROL
Authors: Alexandrovna Kozlova Yulia , Andreevna Kadyrova Alina , Azatovna Sakhibullina Kadria
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: This article is devoted to the test form of control which is characterized by objective measurement of learning outcomes because they are guided by the objective empirical criteria.

Methodology: Method of structural analysis, content analysis method, scientific interpretation, and synthesis of specific factual materials were chosen as methods of our research.

Results: Test control of knowledge is effective only when a great effort is made by the teacher. The teacher should know how to choose the right tests and how to make them, as not every set of questions with answers to them can be called a test. The aim of this work is to identify the problems of using testing as a control form of foreign language learning and give guidelines for their solution.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Problems of Testing Application in Foreign Language Learning Control is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
STYLISTIC ASPECT OF TRANSLATION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VOCABULARY (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH AND TATAR LANGUAGES)
Authors: V. Gutman Evgeniya , R. Nurmieva Rasilya
Published: November 2019

political vocabulary on a material of English-language articles and their translation from English into Tatar.

Methodology: Methods and techniques used in the study: theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods including linguistic observation and selection of research data, which was examined in the light of comparative analysis, the methods of component, contextual and statistical analysis, the method of a solid sample of the actual material from the original texts.

Results: The main results of the article. An analysis of the vocabulary of English publications showed that the journalists using phraseological units, metaphors and metonymy and other lexical units to describe the current events. Comparative analysis showed that translators use the whole range of translation transformations in political vocabulary. The study of the stylistic aspect in translation of social and political matters from English into Tatar has a special theoretical and practical value because of the increasing role of the Tatar language in the social and political life of the Republic of Tatarstan and the necessity of taking urgent steps in this sphere.

Applications of this study: The materials of this article can be useful for students, master program undergraduates, post-graduate students while learning Tatar and English.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the stylistic aspect of translation of social and political vocabulary (on the material of english and Tatar languages) is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO JOURNALISM AND MEDIA COMMUNICATION STUDENTS: THE COMBINATION OF MODERN AND CLASSICAL APPROACHES
Authors: Evgenievna Nikitina Svetlana , Faridovna Dulmukhametova Gulnara
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: This research reveals the problem of teaching foreign languages to future journalists. Attention to the issue of learning and teaching foreign languages is dictated by their special role in the professional activities of journalists, which cover almost the entire world's geography and include systematic communication in a foreign language with native speakers.

Results: Under the conditions of constant transformations, it is not only the student audience that is changing, in particular, journalism and media communication students, by the example of which the high rate of transformations of the surrounding world becomes especially noticeable due to the specifics of their profession. Higher education, functioning in the age of the "digits", also undergoes great changes in terms of material selection and educational approaches. This study examines the feasibility of combining classical and modern educational technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language to future journalists.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Teaching Foreign Languages to Journalism and Media Communication Students: The Combination of Modern and Classical Approaches are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
THE MODEL OF FORMATION OF SELF-DIRECTED LANGUAGE LEARNING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN A UNIFIED HIGHER EDUCATION AREA
Authors: Raisovna Sagitova Rimma , Ildarovich Fahrutdinov Bulat
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The article aims to analyze the problem of modeling self-directed language learning of university students in a Unified Higher Education Area. Methodology: Our study is based on the theoretical research method – the analysis of foreign and national philosophical, pedagogical literature on a problem; analysis and generalization of modern pedagogical experience; theoretical modeling; empirical – research and analysis of pedagogical experience; observation, interviews with teachers and students. Results: Modeling of self-directed language learning of university students is considered by the author in terms of systemic, student-centered and competence-based approaches. The model of self-directed language learning is represented as an integrative construct, which includes the target, content, technological and productive blocks. The main components of the model are the goal, tasks, components of self-directed learning, modern technologies, methods, forms, criteria, and indicators. Applications of this study: The materials of this research can be used by teachers to develop special courses of lectures and seminars on the organization of self-directed language learning of university students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of Formation of Self-Directed Language Learning of University Students in a Unified Higher Education Area is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
THEOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF THE TATAR ENLIGHTENER KAYUM NASYRI
Authors: G. Chumarova Lyubov , N. Vinnikova Marina , V. Fakhrutdinova Anastasiya , F. Yudintseva Anastasiya
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: In the article, it is researched influence of theological and educational ideas of the Tatar enlightener Kayum Nasyri to the development of education and upbringing of Tatar people.  The authors studied the conditions of the period when Kayum Nasyri lived and worked.

Methodology: In the article, it is analyzed the merits of the great Tatar enlightener. There is a description of the educational goals, tasks, and principles that Kayum Nasyri thought that should be taken by teachers in the process of education and upbringing of Tatar people.

Results: The authors of the article researched the value of theological and educational ideas of Kayum Nasyri for further changes of the educational system of Tatar people from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century which was the period of glory of Tatar philosophical thoughts. 

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the theological and educational ideas of the Tatar enlightener Kayum nasyri is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SELF-EDUCATION IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN PEDAGOGY
Authors: Raisovna Sagitova Rimma , Vladimirovna Gutman Evgeniya , Ildarovich Fakhrutdinov Bulat , Ibragimovna Turkhanova Raikhana
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The problems of the self-education of the person, the organization of his/her self-directed activity have deep historical roots and considered to be one of those pedagogical problems that have remained relevant regardless of certain historical conditions, being the focus of researchers for almost a century and a half. The authors have analyzed the concept of self-directed learning in Russian and foreign pedagogy, introduced the formation of self-education in domestic and foreign pedagogical science and identified the essential characteristics of self-education in different historical periods.

Methodology: Our study is based on the theoretical research method – the analysis of foreign and national philosophical, historical, pedagogical literature on a problem; analysis and generalization of modern pedagogical experience; the method of the unity of historical and logical consideration of pedagogical phenomena.

Results: The historical retrospective of processes of formation of self-education presented in the context of social development shows that essential characteristics of self-education are caused by a set of historical, economic, political and social factors including the entire logic of development of education in general. The author defines the essence of self-education in the context of a new paradigm of development of education – Life-Long Learning.

Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Formation of the Concept of Self-Education in the History of Russian and Foreign Pedagogy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
FORMATION OF THE RESEARCH SKILLS OF STUDENTS DURING STUDYING THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Imamovna Sokolova Inna , Vasilovna Gilmutdinova Ilyuza
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the article is to research the influence of English lessons and students’ scientific conferences on the formation of the research skills of university students.Materials and methods: The second-year students of the Institute of Psychology and Education, Kazan Federal University took part in the study. In the process of study, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature; the study and synthesis of advanced educational experience; pedagogical observations of the process of foreign language education at the university, interviews, and questionnaires.Results of the research: There were identified the key research skills for university students. The initial and final level of the formation of the research skills during the academic year was measured. The results show that the lessons of the foreign language (English) along with the participation in student’s conference influence effectively on the research skills formation. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Formation of the research skills of students during studying the foreign language (English) at the university is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Tip-II Diyabetli Hastalarda Travma Sonrası Büyüme Üzerinde Baş Etme Stilleri ve Kaçınma Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: DURAK Mithat , ŞENOL DURAK Emre
Published: November 2019

Diyabetli hastalarda diyabet kaynaklı stresin olumsuz etkilerini araştıran çok sayıda çalışma bulunmasına rağmen bu hastalarda travma sonrası gelişim ile ilgili çok az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışma, diyabetli hastalarda stres, başa çıkma stratejileri, hastanede yatış sayısı, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı ve ailenin toplam aylık geliri arasındaki olası ilişkinin travma sonrası gelişme üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye'deki çeşitli hastanelerde yatmakta olan Tip-II diyabetli hastalardan veri toplanmış (n=218) ve Schaefer ve Moos’un “Yaşam Krizi ve Kişisel Gelişim Modeline” dayanan araştırma modeli test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, hastaneye yatış sayısının, çocuk sayısının ve aylık gelirin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, yüksek orandaki sorun odaklı başa çıkmanın, sosyal destek arayışının, kaçınma baş etme stratejisinin ve bilişsel kaçınmanın travma sonrası gelişim ile ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Diyabetli hastalara klinik ortamlarda yapılan müdahaleler dikkate alındığında, alanda çalışan uzmanlar özellikle hastaların sorun odaklı başa çıkma, sosyal destek arayışı ve kaçınma baş etme stratejileri üzerine odaklanmalıdır..
Música como consenso social: interações, significados e experiências musicais em performance na cultura popular contemporânea de João Pessoa (PB)
Authors: Ribeiro Fábio Henrique Gomes
Published: November 2019

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a performance musical como uma forma de busca por consenso social. Para isso, tomo como base uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos campos da etnomusicologia, antropologia e estudos da performance, articulada a um estudo etnográfico realizado durante quatro anos com a Barca Nau Catarineta de Cabedelo e com a Ciranda do Sol, dois grupos de cultura popular da região metropolitana de João Pessoa (PB). O trabalho destaca que a construção da performance musical nos dois grupos se dá a partir de um processo de coletivização de perspectivas e práticas sociais em torno da música. Assim, a realidade performática contemporânea da Barca e da Ciranda pode ser compreendida como um processo de busca por consenso entre as diversas expectativas coletivas e subjetivas emergentes nos contatos culturais.
Educational Interventions in Diabetics With the Use of Health Belief Models: Literature Review
Authors: Megawaty Irna , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: November 2019

The high prevalence rate in diabetes, causing diabetes is considered a health problem worldwide. Various studies related to interventions that can be done for diabetes sufferers have been widely carried out, including in terms of knowledge and education with the Health Belief Model (HBM) approach. The method used with the help of electronic data bases from journals that have been published through Pubmed, Wiley Online, Science Direct, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Results: 4 studies were included in the review, to assess the results of educational interventions in diabetics with the use of HBM. Conclusions and implications: It is known that the application of nursing education using the Health Belief Model concept framework has an effect on the self-management of diabetics so that it is expected to change patient compliance.
Does the Stocklab Game Increase Students’ Understanding on Stock Markets?
Authors: Abdul Ghofur Muhammad , Nuzuliya Rohma Qurrota Agyun
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to analyze the use of stocklab game to improve students' understanding of the stock market. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The object of this study were students of class X IPS in MAN Surabaya. Class X IPS 2 was determined as the experimental class while class X IPS 3 as the control class. Both classes were given the same treatment using cooperative learning methods make a match type and numbered head together, however in the experimental class, games were given in the form of stocklab games. The analysis technique used to test the research hypothesis was one way ANOVA. Hypothesis tested by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores in both classes. Based on the analysis results, it was known that there were differences in students' understanding of the control class and the experimental class, where the understanding of the experimental class students tend to be better than students in control class. In addition, students also tend to understand more stock market terms.
Measuring Lower Extremity Rotational Alignment
Authors: Shih Yushane C. , Chau Michael M. , Arendt Elizabeth A. , Novacheck Tom F.
Published: November 2019

➣ Underdetection and undertreatment of transverse plane malalignment of the tibia and femur result from challenges with accuracy and reliability of both physical examination and imaging.

➣ Excessive femoral and tibial torsion both impair joint moment generation, with potential adverse effects on joint health directly as well as indirectly as a result of gait compensation.

➣ Static computed tomography measurements of rotational alignment are limited by variable reference axes, expense, radiation exposure, and inability to measure dynamic compensation, and to date they have not been applicable intraoperatively.

➣ Kinematics derived from functional modeling in 3-dimensional (3D) gait analysis provide subject-specific data and can detect not only static but also functional alignment.

➣ The use of 3D data generated by EOS radiography holds promise for assessing biplanar limb alignment.
Effects of Virtual Exercise Rehabilitation In-Home Therapy Compared with Traditional Care After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Prvu Bettger Janet , Green Cynthia L. , Holmes DaJuanicia N. , Chokshi Anang , Mather Richard C. , Hoch Bryan T. , de Leon Arthur J. , Aluisio Frank , Seyler Thorsten M. , Del Gaizo Daniel J. , Chiavetta John , Webb Laura , Miller Vincent , Smith Joseph M. , Peterson Eric D.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Financial burden for patients, providers, and payers can reduce access to physical therapy (PT) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a virtual PT program on health-care costs and clinical outcomes as compared with traditional care after TKA.

Methods:

At least 10 days before unilateral TKA, patients from 4 clinical sites were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to the virtual PT program (involving an avatar [digitally simulated] coach, in-home 3-dimensional biometrics, and telerehabilitation with remote clinician oversight by a physical therapist) or to traditional PT care in the home or outpatient clinic. The primary outcome was total health-care costs for the 12-week post-hospital period. Secondary (noninferiority) outcomes included 6 and 12-week Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); 6-week knee extension, knee flexion, and gait speed; and 12-week safety measures (patient-reported falls, pain, and hospital readmissions). All outcomes were analyzed on a modified intent-to-treat basis.

Results:

Of 306 patients (mean age, 65 years; 62.5% women) who were randomized from November 2016 to November 2017, 290 had TKA and 287 (including 143 in the virtual PT group and 144 in the usual care group) completed the trial. Virtual PT had lower costs at 12 weeks after discharge than usual care (median, $1,050 compared with $2,805; p < 0.001). Mean costs were $2,745 lower for virtual PT patients. Virtual PT patients had fewer rehospitalizations than the usual care group (12 compared with 30; p = 0.007). Virtual PT was noninferior to usual PT in terms of the KOOS at 6 weeks (difference, 0.77; 90% confidence interval [CI], −1.68 to 3.23) and 12 weeks (difference, −2.33; 90% CI, −4.98 to 0.31). Virtual PT was also noninferior to usual care at 6 weeks in terms of knee extension, knee flexion, and gait speed and at 12 weeks in terms of pain and hospital readmissions. Falls were reported by 19.4% of virtual PT patients and 14.6% of usual care patients (difference, 4.83%; 90% CI, −2.60 to 12.25).

Conclusions:

Relative to traditional home or clinic PT, virtual PT with telerehabilitation for skilled clinical oversight significantly lowered 3-month health-care costs after TKA while providing similar effectiveness. These findings have important implications for patients, health systems, and payers. Virtual PT with clinical oversight should be considered for patients managed with TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The effect of temperature on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China, 2010-2013: A multicity study
Authors: Xu Zece , Hu Wenqi , Jiao Kedi , Ren Ci , Jiang Baofa , Ma Wei
Published: November 2019

Background Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious infectious disease, which has become a public health problem. Previous studies have shown that temperature may influence the incidence of HFMD, but most only focus on single city and the results are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, a multicity study was conducted to explore the association between temperature and HFMD in different cities and search for modifiers that influence the heterogeneity. Methods We collected daily cases of childhood HFMD (aged 0-5 years) and meteorological factors of 21 cities in Guangdong Province in the period of 2010-2013. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson was adopted to quantify the effects of temperature on HFMD in 21 cities. Then the effects of each city were pooled by multivariate meta-analysis to obtain the heterogeneity among 21 cities. Potential city-level factors were included in meta-regression to explore effect modifiers. Results A total of 1,048,574 childhood cases were included in this study. There was a great correlation between daily childhood HFMD cases and temperature in each city, which was non-linear and lagged. High heterogeneity was showed in the associations between temperature and HFMD in 21 cities. The pooled temperature-HFMD association was peaking at the 79th percentile of temperature with relative risk (RR) of 2.474(95%CI: 2.065-2.965) as compared to the median temperature. Latitude was the main modifier for reducing the heterogeneity to 69.28% revealed by meta-analysis. Conclusions There was a strong non-linear and lagged correlation between temperature and HFMD. Latitude was strongly associated with the relationship between temperature and HFMD. Meanwhile, it had an effect on modifying the relationship. These findings can conducive to local governments developing corresponding preventive measures.
The Clinicopathological Features and Survival Outcomes of Patients with Different Metastatic Sites in Stage IV Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Ru , Zhu Yayun , Liu Xiaoxu , Liao Xiaoqin , He Jianjun , Niu Ligang
Published: November 2019

Background
The features and survival of stage IV breast cancer patients with different metastatic sites are poorly understood. This study aims to examine the clinicopathological features and survival of stage IV breast cancer patients according to different metastatic sites.
Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we restricted our study population to stage IV breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 to 2015. The clinicopathological features were examined by chi‐square tests. Breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among patients with different metastatic sites by the Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank test. Univariable and multivariable analyses were also performed using the Cox proportional hazard model to identify statistically significant prognostic factors.
Results
A total of 18,322 patients were identified for survival analysis. Bone-only metastasis accounted for 39.80% of patients, followed by multiple metastasis (33.07%), lung metastasis (10.94%), liver metastasis (7.34%), other metastasis (7.34%), and brain metastasis (1.51%). The Kaplan‐Meier plots showed that patients with bone metastasis had the best survival, while patients with brain metastasis had the worst survival in both BCSS and OS ( p < 0.001, for both). Multivariable analyses showed that age, race, marital status, grade, tumor subtype, tumor size, surgery of primary cancer, and a history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors.
Conclusion
Stage IV breast cancer patients have different clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes according to different metastatic sites. Patients with bone metastasis have the best prognosis, and brain metastasis is the most aggressive subgroup.
Time-Resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser
Authors: Schmidt Marius , Pandey Suraj , Mancuso Adrian , Bean Richard
Published: November 2019

This protocol introduces step by step into the collection of time resolved crystallographic data and their analysis at the European Free Electron Laser.
Direct qPCR is a sensitive approach to detect Mycoplasma contamination in U937 cell cultures
Authors: Baaity Zain , Breunig Sven , Önder Kamil , Somoyvári Ferenc
Published: November 2019

Objective In order to make the Mycoplasma contamination monitoring task easier, we optimized a commercially available quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based detection kit to detect Mycoplasma DNA without DNA purification in a U937 suspension cell culture. We compared the sensitivities of the direct qPCR and the qPCR with the purified DNA template.

Results Our findings indicate that qPCR worked optimally with a 6 ml sample volume and a 52 o C annealing-extension temperature. We were able to decrease the annealing-extension step time from 60 sec to 20 sec without any major decrease in the reaction sensitivity. The total cycle time of the optimized direct qPCR was 65 minutes. The optimized qPCR protocol was used to detect Mycoplasma DNA directly and after DNA purification. Our findings indicate that the direct qPCR had a higher sensitivity compared to the regular qPCR. The Ct levels produced by the direct qPCR with 6 ml templates were almost identical to the Ct levels produced by the regular qPCR with DNA purified from a 60 ml cell culture sample (23.42 vs 23.49 average Ct levels respectively). The optimized direct qPCR protocol was successfully applied to monitor the elimination of Mycoplasma contamination from the U937 cell cultures.
Primary Prophylaxis to Prevent Tuberculosis Infection in Prison Inmates:A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Oliveira Roberto Dias de , Santos Andrea da Silva , Reis Cassia Barbosa , Leite Alessandra de Cássia , Sacchi Flávia Patussi Correia , Araujo Rafaele Carla Piveta de , Santos Paulo Cesar Pereira dos , Rolla Valeria Cavalcanti , Martinez Leonardo , Andrews Jason , Croda Julio
Published: November 2019

Background. In many low- and middle-income countries, tuberculosis incidence in prisons is high, exposing incarcerated populations to an elevated risk of tuberculosis infection. Methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among HIV-negative male inmates of a high tuberculosis burden prison to determine whether twice-weekly isoniazid (900 mg) for 12 months prevents tuberculosis infection. The primary outcome was QuantiFERON–TB Gold Plus (QFT) conversion to ≥0.35 IU/ml at 6 months; the secondary outcome was conversion at any time point. Alternative QFT positivity thresholds (≥0.7, ≥2.0, and ≥4.0 IU/ml) were investigated as exploratory endpoints. Results. In total, 467 participants were randomly assigned to isoniazid (N=258) or placebo (N=209). In an interim analysis of participants who had completed six months of follow-up (N=171), QFT conversion occurred in 20.7% (19/92) and 21.5% (17/79) of participants in isoniazid and placebo arms (efficacy: 4.0%; P=0.88). The trial was then stopped for futility, and the remaining participants underwent QFT testing. Among all participants with a second QFT test at 6-months, conversion occurred in 19.7% (26/132) and 30.3% (37/122) of participants in isoniazid and placebo arms (efficacy: 35.1%; P=0.04). Protection was also seen among all individuals with a follow-up QFT (5/132 [3.8%] vs 14/122 [11.5%]; efficacy: 67.0%, P=0.01). In exploratory analyses, the isoniazid arm had significantly lower rates of conversion at ≥2.0 IU/ml (67.0% efficacy, P=0.01), but not at other cutoff values. Discontinuations and losses to follow-up were high in both arms (isoniazid, 126/258 [48.8%]; placebo, 87/209 [41.6%]; P=0.14), due to elective withdrawal (24.0% vs 21.5%; P=0.60) and transfer or release from prison (19.0% vs 18.2%; P=0.92). Conclusions. Our results suggest that 900 milligrams of isoniazid given twice weekly may confer partial protection against QFT conversion in high exposure environments; however, discontinuation rates in both arms were high, which would limit the clinical benefits of this prevention method.
Factors Influencing Post-Graduate Career Decisions of Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zafar Sidra , Srikuma Divya , Boland Michael V. , Johnson Thomas V. , Green Laura , Ramanathan Saras , Pettey Jeff , Gedde Steven J. , Singman Eric L. , Woreta Fasika A
Published: November 2019

Background: To identify factors that influence ophthalmology residents’ decisions to pursue fellowship training or to practice comprehensive ophthalmology after residency. Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to ophthalmology residents in the U.S. from the graduating Class of 2018 and Class of 2019. The main outcome measure was the decision on whether to seek fellowship training or to practice comprehensive ophthalmology. Information on demographics, residency program characteristics and factors influencing career choices were collected. Results: The overall response rate was 16.4% (153/931). Among the 153 respondents, 117 (76.5%) matched into subspecialty training. Residents pursuing fellowships had more first-author publications (4.4 vs. 1.2, P < 0.001), were more likely to plan to practice in an academic setting (47.0% vs. 8.3%, P < 0.001) and in an urban location (48.7% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, factors predictive of fellowship training included a desire to acquire special skills (OR=3.01; 95% CI, 1.34–6.77), working with new technology (OR=2.67; 95% CI, 1.14-6.24) and mentorship (OR=2.30; 95% CI, 1.02-5.17). Factors that predicted a career in comprehensive ophthalmology were being married (OR=0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.74), lifestyle considerations (OR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.56), educational debt (OR=0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.68) and a decreased interest in an academic career (OR=0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.86). Gender, prestige or perceived favorable job market were not significant factors. Conclusions: The majority of U.S. ophthalmology residents responding to this survey matched into fellowships. Various factors including mentorship, lifestyle considerations, educational debt and interest in an academic career influenced the post-graduate career choices.
The role of homeostatic disorders in development of periodontal generalized inflammatory diseases in patients with β-thalassemya major
Authors: Shadlinskaya R. V.
Published: November 2019

Periodontitis as a manifestation of the systemic diseases was placed in separated part in the contemporary periodontal diseases classification. It has its own specific traits caused by features of the common pathology. The way as ß-thalassemia major is impacting to periodontium could be recognized as the indirect acting out of the side of dental and occlusal anomalies or direct acting of ß-thalassemia major to the periodontium. The range of the influence on periodontium depends on the degree of intensity of the systemic diseases.
Inflammatory diseases of ENT organs and purulentseptic intracranial complications associated with them in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Shardanov Z. N. , Artyushkin S. A. , Krivopalov A. A. , Shnayder N. A. , Shcherbuk A. Yu. , Shcherbuk Yu. A. , Krasikova A. I.
Published: November 2019

Actuality. The growth of inflammatory diseases of ENT organs and associated purulent-septic intracranial complications is an urgent problem of modern otorhinolaryngology. Severe complications associated with sepsis and inflammatory lesions of the membranes and brain matter are life-threatening conditions for otorhinolaryngological patients.

Objective. To study the epidemiological situation of inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs and associated purulent-septic intracranial complications in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

Materials and methods. Data of official statistics, electronic databases, statistical reports of the Ministry of Health of the KabardinoBalkan Republic, data of outpatient’s medical records and hospital medical records of multidisciplinary medical and preventive institutions, data on the prevalence of diseases of ENT organs in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic from 2011 to 2018 among adults and children.

Results and conclusions. The results obtained reflect a significant increase in inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic from 2011 to 2018. both in the number of reported cases and in the primary incidence. Despite the decrease in the number of inpatient ENT beds in the Republic in 2013, the number of patients treated increased. The reduction of ENT beds entailed an increase in hospital mortality, which is represented exclusively by ENT-associated intracranial complications. Today, the Republic has a rather high level of ENT-associated intracranial complications associated with low prevention and diagnosis of inflammatory ENT diseases, which dictates the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach (ENT doctor, neurologist, ophthalmologist, resuscitator, therapist, neurosurgeon), the need for review management tactics, development of algorithms for the diagnosis and optimal treatment of patients with ENT-associated HFD.
Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: main aspects of anti-relapse therapy and recovery of nasal breathing
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Budkovaya M. A. , Artemyeva E. S. , Khamgushkeeva N. N.
Published: November 2019

Objective. This study was conducted to increase effectiveness of anti-relapse therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps to create a stable long-term remission in the long-term postoperative period.

Patients and research methods. 60 patients with total spread of polyposis process in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were examined. All patients underwent endoscopic polysinusotomy and 3 weeks after surgery, basic anti-relapse therapy of PRS in the form Of nasonex intranasal spray of 400 mcg/day for 6 months in combination with irrigation with isotonic salt solutions was prescribed. At the same time, 30 patients 1.5 months after polysinusotomy were additionally given a short course of systemic corticosteroid therapy with Methylprednisolone, starting at 20 mg/day in combination with Omeprazole at 20 mg /day for 14 days. Subjective assessment of the patients ‘condition was carried out by questionnaire, for objective diagnosis acoustic rhinometry and CT of the paranasal sinuses were used.

Results. Simultaneous administration of a short course of corticosteroid therapy in combination with prolonged intranasal use of Nasonex spray in patients with nasal polyps in the postoperative period contributed to the most rapid subjective improvement of nasal breathing. The combined scheme in 27 (90%) subjects showed a statistically significant improvement in intra-nasal aerodynamics (p<0.05) 2 months after polysinusotomy according to the results of acoustic rhinometry, the average MPPS1 was 0.67 ± 0,04 cm2 before and after the decongestant test. In 13 patients (44,3%) who received only intranasal corticosteroids reactive edema from the nasal mucosa were more pronounced, which contributed to the formation of zones of pathological narrowing of the nasal flow and a decrease in МППС1 to 0.43 ± 0,04см2 to test with decongestant. 2 years after surgical treatment in patients undergoing a combined course of corticosteroid therapy in relation to patients receiving only monotherapy with intranasal corticosteroids, there was no recurrence of polyposis in 86.7% of cases (26 patients), against 66.7% (20 patients), receiving only intranasal corticosteroids.
Diagnosis and treatment of diffuse otitis externa
Authors: Gurov A. V. , Yushkina M. A.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with modern concepts of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the outer ear. The problem of otitis externa flow in patients with diabetes is covered. The role of various microorganisms is discussed: Staphylococcus aureus, bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family, fungi of Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Mucor genera in the development of diffuse inflammation, variants of using local topical medications in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the outer ear, as well as local therapy of otitis externa in combination with acute otitis media are considered. As the most effective and safe means the authors suggest using the local combined drug Candibiotic, which contains antibacterial, fungicidal, corticosteroid and analgesic components that affect the main pathogenesis factors of the disease.
Rhinitis medicamentosa – preventable disease
Authors: Kryukov A. I. , Turovskiy A. B. , Kolbanova I. G. , Musayev K. M. , Karasov A. B.
Published: November 2019

Aim of the study – analysis of modern ideas about the pathogenesis of rhinitis medicamentosa. The authors consider the factors causing changes in inflammatory nature and leading to rhinitis medicamentosa. The comparative estimation of modern means of pharmacotherapy was made. On the basis of literature and clinical research data, it is concluded that Otrivin has a much more gentle effect and contributes less to the development of rhinitis medicamentosa.
Acute respiratory viral diseases: modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Derbeneva M. L. , Guseva A. L.
Published: November 2019

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are one of the most common reasons patients seek ambulatory care. ARVIs can be caused by more than 200 strains of viruses, among which rhinoviruses remain a leading cause. The article discusses the epidemiological characteristics of ARVI and the economic damage caused by high incidence to the community. The clinical presentation of ARVI is nearly always accompanied by a combination of symptoms such as nasal discharge, nasal congestion, sore throat and cough combined with muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, headache and decreased appetite. Diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections must be differentiated from influenza, allergic rhinitis, streptococcal tonsillitis, sinusitis and otitis media. Practicing hand hygiene is an effective way to prevent infections. The article discusses possibilities and effectiveness of concomitant adjuvant therapy, including the use of decongestants, topical glucocorticosteroids, nasal irrigation solutions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and antitussive drugs. Antibacterial therapy does not have a positive effect on the course of ARVI. A clinical case describing the management of a patient with ARVI is provided.
Features of the course of polypous rhinosinusitis combined with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Savlevich E. L. , Kurbacheva O. M.
Published: November 2019

Both allergic rhinitis (AR) and polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS) are a serious problem in context of their impact on quality of life, the risk of complications, overlay of bronchial asthma (BA) and medical control of these diseases. In most cases, T2 type eosinophilic inflammation lies beneath their pathogenesis, but the mutual influence of simultaneously existing chronic processes on each other appears under-investigated. Objective of the study: Compare the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and concomitant allergic rhinitis and without respiratory allergy. All patients with PRS were divided into 2 phenotypic groups: Group 1 – PRS without bronchial asthma and respiratory allergy (54 people), Group 2 - PRS + allergic rhinitis, but without bronchial asthma (46 people). IL-1β-, IL-4-, IL-5-, IL-6-, IL-13-, IFN-γ-, TGF-β1-, TGF-β2-, TGF β-3 cytokines in nasal polyp tissue were determined using the Bio-Plex multiplex analysis system. Results: In patients with PRS combined with AR, the eosinophilic type of inflammation in the polyp tissue was determined in 100% of cases, it was accompanied by an increased level of IL-6, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and a reduced level of IL-5, IL-13 compared to PRS without comorbid pathology. Conclusions. Given the same clinical course of polypous rhinosinusitis, the identification of the difference in the cytokine profile in the nasal polyp tissue gives evidence of a different mechanism of the inflammatory response for different phenotypes of PRS. The polypous rhinosinusitis combined with allergic rhinitis is characterized by 100% eosinophilic type of inflammation, high levels of TGF-β family protein cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and a lower level of T2-cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 compared with the PRS group without comorbid pathology. The simultaneous treatment of PRS and allergic rhinitis using the joint efforts of otorhinolaryngologists and allergists will allow to achieve medical monitoring of both diseases and prevent their progression and development of complications.
Place of mucolytics in the treatment of acute sinusitis
Authors: Kryukov A. I. , Turovskiy A. B. , Kolbanova I. G. , Musayev K. M. , Karasov A. B. , Danilyuk L. I.
Published: November 2019

Aim of the study - the analysis of the current understanding of local changes in the mucous membrane of PNS in AS, as well as methods of pharmacotherapy of the disease. The authors consider the main mechanisms of pathogenesis of both acute and chronic sinusitis. One of the reasons underlying the development of infectious inflammation is described in detail: disturbance of drainage function of paranasal sinuses, aeration, mucociliary transport. Analytical evaluation of modern means of rational pharmacotherapy was made. It is concluded that the use of mucolytic drugs improves treatment results.
The Efficacy and Safety of Bilastine in the Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis in Patients with Moderate and Severe Forms of the Disease. Comparison of bilastine 20 mg with desloratadine 5 mg Сергей
Authors: Ryazantsev S. , Gogunska I. , Lymar I. , Romanyuk L. , Bil B. , Pukhlik S. , Pravdyva V. , Lapshyn V. , Koshlia V.
Published: November 2019

Background: Bilastine is a new non-sedating H1 antihistamine approved for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and urticaria in adults and children over 12 years of age. In this paper, bilastine was compared with desloratadine in the treatment of various forms of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis classified according to the ARIA recommendations.

Materials and Methods: This was an international, multi-centre, open-label, prospective randomized, parallel-group, phase III study which enrolled a total of 226 patients with ARC. The diagnosis of the allergic rhino-conjunctivitis was established on the basis of nasal and non-nasal symptoms and confirmed by the skin prick test. Patients were randomized to one of the two treatment groups: bilastine 20 mg daily or desloratadine 5 mg daily.

Results: The results for the primary and secondary endpoints showed a comparable reduction in TSS, NSS, and NNSS from the baseline to the end of the treatment between the treatment groups, with slightly better effects for bilastine. Additional tests carried out in the subgroup of patients with moderate / severe persistent (MSP) ARC demonstrated comparable results for the bilastine and desloratadine groups regarding the mean change in TSS from the baseline until the 28th day, except for the sneezing score, for which bilastine showed the higher response (-1.60 ± 0.60 vs. -1.39 ± 0.63), and a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups regarding AUC for TSS ( -26.07 [95% CI: -48.6, -3.53] p = 0.024), NNSS (-10.51 [95% CI:-19.42, -1.59] p = 0.021), the sneezing score (-4.79 [95% CI:-9.06, -0.51] p = 0.028) and the ocular redness score (-5.50 [95% CI: -8.91, -2.08] p = 0.02).

Conclusion: In general, bilastine and desloratadine showed a comparable efficacy profile in the treatment of ARC; however, the results obtained in the subgroup of patients with moderate / severe persistent symptoms indicate that bilastine has a stronger therapeutic effect
Experience of using herbal medicine sinupret for patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis during the post-surgery period
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Budkovaya M. A. , Artemyeva E. S.
Published: November 2019

The choice of an optimal tactic for chronic rhinosinusitis treatment is a very topical issue in otorhinolaryngology. Several pieces of existing literature report a positive impact of a herbal-based remedy Sinupret for patients in the post-rhinosurgical period. 

Objectives of the study: The investigation of the effect of Sinupret on patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis in the early postoperative period.

Materials and methods: 15 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were examined. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 57 years. The examination of patients was carried out right before the surgery and three months after it. The examination also included general otorhinolaryngological examination, assessment of the overall severity of the disease on the VAS scale, endoscopy of the nasal mucosa, assessment of nasal breathing function based on the analysis of the main indicators of anterior active rhinomanometry and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. Two days before their surgery, each patient was prescribed to take two tablets of Sinupret 3 times a day up to 14 days.

Results: By day 10 of the post-surgery period, all patients reported noteworthy improvement in nasal breathing, a significant decrease in nasal discharge and no discomfort in the projection of the paranasal sinuses. There was a substantial decrease in the severity of oedema, exudation and formation of crusts, fibrin in all examined patients with rhinoscopy. According to the anterior active rhinomanometry, a statistically significant increase in the total nasal flow and a decrease in nasal resistance to physiological values were established 3 months after surgery.

Conclusion: This article presents the results of Sinupret usage in the combined therapy before and after surgical treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and abnormal development of nasal structures. The results of that 14-day treatment evidenced an acceleration of epithelialization and restoration of drainage; as well as an improvement of ventilation function of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In addition to that, the chosen treatment contributed to the reduction of the rehabilitation period and the absence of relapses of chronic maxillary sinusitis was observed.