bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infants with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia demonstrate monocyte-specific expression of IL-1 in tracheal aspirates
Authors: Eldredge Laurie C. , Creasy Rane S. , Presnell Scott , Debley Jason S. , Juul Sandra E. , Mayock Dennis E. , Ziegler Steven F.
Published: April 2019

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a devastating consequence of prematurity. Repeated inflammatory insults worsen lung injury, but there are no predictors for BPD-related respiratory outcomes or targeted therapies. We sought to understand inflammatory mechanisms in evolving BPD through molecular characterization of monocytes in tracheal aspirates from infants at risk for developing BPD. We performed flow cytometry targeting myeloid cell populations on prospectively collected tracheal aspirates from intubated patients born before 29 wk of gestation and <30 days old. We identified CD14+CD16+ (double-positive) and CD14+CD16− (single-positive) monocytes and characterized their gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. We further analyzed differential gene expression between time points to evaluate changes in monocyte function over the first weeks of life. Expression of IL-1A, IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA was increased in monocytes collected at day of life ( DOL) 7, DOL 14, and DOL 28 compared with those collected at DOL 3. This study suggests that early changes in monocyte-specific IL-1 cytokine pathways may be associated with evolving BPD.
Apparently normal kidney development in mice with conditional disruption of ANG II-AT1receptor genes in FoxD1-positive stroma cell precursors
Authors: Schrankl Julia , Neubauer Bjoern , Fuchs Michaela , Gerl Katharina , Wagner Charlotte , Kurtz Armin
Published: April 2019

An intact renin-angiotensin system involving ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors is crucial for normal kidney development. It is still unclear in which cell types AT1receptor signaling is required for normal kidney development, maturation, and function. Because all kidney cells deriving from stroma progenitor cells express AT1receptors and because stromal cells fundamentally influence nephrogenesis and tubular maturation, we investigated the relevance of AT1receptors in stromal progenitors and their descendants for renal development and function. For this aim, we generated and analyzed mice with conditional deletion of AT1Areceptor in the FoxD1 cell lineage in combination with global disruption of the AT1Breceptor gene. These FoxD1-AT1ko mice developed normally. Their kidneys showed neither structural nor functional abnormalities compared with wild-type mice, whereas in isolated perfused FoxD1-AT1ko kidneys, the vasoconstrictor and renin inhibitory effects of ANG II were absent. In vivo, however, plasma renin concentration and renal renin expression were normal in FoxD1-AT1ko mice, as were blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. These findings suggest that a strong reduction of AT1receptors in renal stromal progenitors and their descendants does not disturb normal kidney development.
Propofol Alleviates Apoptosis Induced by Chronic High Glucose Exposure via Regulation of HIF-1α in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Pu Jinjun , Zhu Shun , Zhou Dandan , Zhao Lidong , Yin Ming , Wang Zejian , Hong Jiang
Published: April 2019

Background. The sedative anesthetic, propofol, is a cardioprotective agent for hyperglycemia-induced myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction in rats. However, the specific protective mechanism has not been clarified. Methods and Results. In this experiment, we used H9c2 cells subjected to 22 mM glucose lasting for 72 hours as an in vitro model of cardiomyocyte injury by hyperglycemia and investigated the potential mechanism of propofol against hyperglycemic stress in cells. Propofol (5, 10, or 20 μM) was added to the cell cultures before and during the high glucose culture phases. Cell viability and levels of ROS were measured. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. The levels of SIRT3, SOD2, PHD2, HIF-1α, Bcl-2, P53, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were detected by western blotting. Our data showed that propofol attenuated high glucose-induced cell apoptosis accompanied by a decrease in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, propofol decreased the apoptosis of H9c2 cells via increasing the expression of Bcl-2, SIRT3, SOD2, and PHD2 proteins and decreasing the expression of cleaved caspase-3, P53, and HIF-1α. Real-time PCR analysis showed that propofol did not significantly change the HIF-1α but increase PHD2 at mRNA level. HIF-1α silence significantly decreased apoptosis and inflammation in H9c2 cell during high glucose stress. Pretreatment of IOX2 (the inhibitor of PHD2) inhibited cell viability until the concentration reached 200 μM during high glucose stress. However, 50 μM TYP (the inhibitor of SIRT3) significantly inhibited cell viability during high glucose stress. Delayed IOX2 treatment for 6 hours significantly inhibited cell viability during high glucose stress. Conclusions. Propofol might alleviate cell apoptosis via SIRT3-HIF-1α axis during high glucose stress.
Concentration of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Manganese, and Cu/Zn Ratio in Hair of Children and Adolescents with Myopia
Authors: Fedor Monika , Urban Beata , Socha Katarzyna , Soroczyńska Jolanta , Krętowska Małgorzata , Borawska Maria Halina , Bakunowicz-Łazarczyk Alina
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of trace elements, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, and Cu/Zn ratio, in scalp hair samples of children and adolescents with myopia. The study included 92 children (mean age 14.5 ± 2.5 years) with myopia and 43 healthy persons (mean age 11.8 ± 4.7 years). Each patient had a complete eye examination. Trace element concentrations in hair were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cu/Zn ratio was also calculated. The zinc level in the hair of myopic patients was significantly higher (260 µg/g) in comparison to the control group (130 µg/g). There was a significantly lower Cu/Zn ratio in myopic patients (0.045) compared with controls (0.07). An insignificant difference was observed in the hair level of copper, selenium, and manganese between patients and controls. The results show that trace elements may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of myopia. Further studies should pay more attention to determine the effect of trace element on children myopia.
Estimating Occupancy from Measurements and Knowledge Using the Bayesian Network for Energy Management
Authors: Amayri Manar , Ploix Stephane , Kazmi Hussain , Ngo Quoc-Dung , Safadi E. L. Abed E. L.
Published: April 2019

A general approach is proposed to determine occupant behavior (occupancy and activity) in offices and residential buildings in order to use these estimates for improved energy management. Occupant behavior is modelled with a Bayesian network in an unsupervised manner. This algorithm makes use of domain knowledge gathered via questionnaires and recorded sensor data for motion detection, power, and hot water consumption as well as indoor CO2 concentration. Different case studies have been investigated with diversity according to their context (available sensors, occupancy or activity feedback, complexity of the environment, etc.). Furthermore, experiments integrating occupancy estimation and hot water production control show that energy efficiency can be increased by roughly 5% over known optimal control techniques and more than 25% over rule-based control while maintaining the same occupant comfort.
Inadequate Prenatal Visit and Home Delivery as Determinants of Perinatal Outcomes: Does Parity Matter?
Authors: Bililign Yimer Nigus , Tenaw Zelalem , Solomon Kalkidan , Mulatu Tesfahun
Published: April 2019

Background. Adverse perinatal outcomes are still high in developing countries. Contradicting evidences were reported about the effect of parity on adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare perinatal outcomes in grand multiparous and low multiparity women in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Adare General Hospital of Ethiopia. Methods. Comparative cross-sectional study design was employed to include 461 mothers from February to June 2018. Data were collected by structured questionnaire using interview and from patient charts. Data were entered using EPI-DATA version 4.4.2.0. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were computed using STATA version 14 computer software. Results. Of all study participants, 24.9% (95% Confidence interval: 21.1%-29.1%) had at least one adverse perinatal outcome. Stillbirth (38.9), low Apgar score (51.9%), and congenital malformation (3.70%) were frequently occurred complications in grand multiparas compared to low multiparous women. Nevertheless, meconium aspiration, need for resuscitation, and macrosomia were higher in low multiparous women (9.84%, 14.75%, and 57.38%, respectively). Less than four prenatal visits (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.92) and previous home delivery (AOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.33) were independent predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, parity did not show statistically significant difference in perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. This finding underscores the fact that frequency of antenatal care and place of delivery are significant predictors of perinatal outcomes. However, parity did not show statistically significant difference in perinatal outcomes. Women empowerment, promoting health facility delivery, and early, comprehensive antenatal care are needed.
Spinal Angulation: A Limitation of the Fetal Lamb Model of Myelomeningocele
Authors: Vanover Melissa , Pivetti Christopher , Galganski Laura , Kumar Priyadarsini , Lankford Lee , Rowland Douglas , Paxton Zachary , Deal Bailey , Wang Aijun , Farmer Diana
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The surgically induced fetal lamb model is the most commonly used large animal model of myelomeningocele (MMC) but is subject to variation due to surgical technique during defect creation. Material and Methods: Thirty-one fetal lambs underwent creation of the MMC defect, followed by defect repair with either an extracellular matrix (ECM) patch (n = 10) or ECM seeded with placental mesenchymal stromal cells (n = 21). Postnatal hindlimb function was assessed using the Sheep Locomotor Rating (SLR) scale. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was used to measure the level and degree of spinal angulation, as well as cross-sectional area of remaining vertebral bone. Results: Median level of angulation was between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae, with a median angle of 24.3 degrees (interquartile range 16.2–35.3). There was a negative correlation between angulation degree and SLR (r = –0.44, p = 0.013). Degree of angulation also negatively correlated with the normalized cross-sectional area of remaining vertebral bone (r = –0.75, p < 0.0001). Discussion: Surgical creation of fetal MMC leads to varying severity of spinal angulation in the ovine model, which affects postnatal functional outcomes. Postnatal assessment of spinal angulation aids in standardization of the surgical model of fetal MMC repair.
Safety of Oral and Intravenous Iron
Authors: DeLoughery Thomas G.
Published: April 2019

As the adverse effects of iron deficiency are better recognized, the use of oral and intravenous iron has increased dramatically. Oral iron is often poorly tolerated, with up to 70% or more of patients noting gastrointestinal issues; this may affect adherence to therapy. In addition, many patients will not respond to oral iron due to their underlying illness. Intravenous iron is being used more frequently to replete iron stores. True anaphylaxis is very rare, but complement-mediated infusion reactions may be seen in up to 1 in every 200 patients. Previous concerns about intravenous iron increasing the risk of infection or cardiovascular disease are unfounded.
Prenatal Incidence and Clinical Value of the Absence of 12th Ribs in a Population in a Setting of Detailed Second-Trimester Sonography
Authors: Kalelioglu Ibrahim Halil , Gursoy Erzincan Selen , Erturk Emircan , Has Recep
Published: April 2019

Objectives: We aimed to determine the incidence of the absence of the (last) 12th ribs in a population in a setting of detailed 2nd-trimester sonography using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound and to assess whether or not this may be related to chromosomal aneuploidies. Methods: Prospectively, we counted fetal ribs for the absence of the (last) 12th ribs in singleton pregnancies of women who presented to our clinic for detailed 2nd-trimester sonography. The assessment was carried out using 3D ultrasound. Volume data sets were acquired with the 3D skeleton mode using the maximum intensity with X-ray-weighted rendering. If the 3D skeleton mode was not sufficient, volume contrast imaging with the OmniView bone mode was used. Results: The fetal ribs could be visualized in 97.01% of the 1,943 fetuses examined between 20 and 23 weeks’ gestation. Timing the examination at 21, 22, or 23 weeks was found to be more successful than conducting it at 20 weeks. Twelfth ribs were found to be absent in 33 fetuses; 16 fetuses had 11 ribs unilaterally and 17 had so bilaterally. None of them had chromosomal abnormalities. Associated anomalies were present in 6 fetuses (18.2%); 2 of the anomalies were major and 4 minor. Conclusion: The incidence of absent 12th ribs in this mixed population was 1.75%. In the absence of additional anomalies, the prognosis is favorable.
Conjunctival Melanoma in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Balzer Ben W.R. , Cherepanoff Svetlana , Joshua Anthony M. , Giblin Michael , Conway Robert Max , Anazodo Antoinette C.
Published: April 2019

Background: Conjunctival melanoma is rare in adults and rarer in children. We systematically reviewed the presentation, diagnostic and management strategies as well as outcomes for conjunctival melanoma in children and adolescents. Methods: The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for cases of conjunctival melanoma occurring in children and adolescents < 18 years of age. Results: Seventeen studies with 32 patients (18 males) were identified. The median age at presentation was 11 years (range 4–18 years). Most patients were white. Most patients presented with a conjunctival mass or naevus with a recent history of growth or change. Excision biopsy provided diagnosis and management for all cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were also used. One patient had metastatic disease at diagnosis and 3 developed metastatic disease (range 1–10 months). Two patients died from disease and one was alive with metastatic disease. Two patients had disease recurrence. Outcomes were observed to be better where diagnosis was made earlier and “no-touch” excision biopsy was performed in an appropriate specialist setting. Conclusions: Conjunctival melanoma occurs rarely in children and adolescents. Surgery is the mainstay of management. The prognosis is guarded in metastatic disease due to the small sample size and limited follow-up.
Extended Reality in Medical Education: Driving Adoption through Provider-Centered Design
Authors: Zweifach Sarah M. , Triola Marc M.
Published: April 2019

Simulation is a widely used technique for medical education. Due to decreased training opportunities with real patients, and increased emphasis on both patient outcomes and remote access, demand has increased for more advanced, realistic simulation methods. Here, we discuss the increasing need for, and benefits of, extended (virtual, augmented, or mixed) reality throughout the continuum of medical education, from anatomy for medical students to procedures for residents. We discuss how to drive the adoption of mixed reality tools into medical school’s anatomy, and procedural, curricula.
Post-Stroke Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Poor Functional Outcome in Patients Receiving Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Nadareishvili Zurab , Simpkins Alexis N. , Hitomi Emi , Reyes Dennys , Leigh Richard
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose: The role played by post-stroke inflammation after an ischemic event in limiting functional recovery remains unclear. One component of post-stroke inflammation is disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study examines the relationship between post-stroke BBB disruption and functional outcome. Methods: Acute stroke patients treated with thrombolysis underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning 24 h and 5 days after their initial event. BBB permeability maps were generated from perfusion weighted imaging. Average permeability was calculated in the affected hemisphere. Good functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin score of 0 or 1, was compared with average permeability using logistic regression. Results: Of the 131 patients enrolled, 76 patients had the necessary data to perform the analysis at 24 h, and 58 ­patients had data for the 5-day assessment. Higher BBB permeability measured at 24 h (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.33–0.99, p = 0.045) and at 5 days (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.66, p = 0.005) was associated with worse functional outcome 1–3 months after the acute ischemic stroke. For every percentage increase in BBB disruption at 5 days, there was a 76% decrease in the chance of achieving a good functional outcome after stroke. Multivariate analysis found this to be independent of age, stroke volume, or clinical stroke severity. Conclusions: Post-stroke BBB disruption appears to be predictive of functional outcome irrespective of stroke size.
Assessment of the Quality and Content of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using the AGREE II Instrument
Authors: Li Huijuan , Xing Xing , Yao Liang , Li Meixuan , Xun Yangqin , Yan Peijing , Yang Xinmin , Yang Kehu
Published: April 2019

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of guidelines on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument and identify concordance of different commendations. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was undertaken from inception to May 2018. Two reviewers independently selected the titles and abstracts. The guidelines included were assessed using the AGREE II instrument. The consistency of evaluations was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients with 95% CI. Results: From 994 records, 7 guidelines were included. Most of guidelines got a moderate score of AGREE II. The highest median scores were achieved for scope and purpose and clarity and presentation (69.4%), while the lowest median scores across guidelines were for applicability (50.0%). Most of the nonpharmacologic management recommendations for IBS were similar. However, there also existed some differences on pharmacologic between different guidelines. Conclusions: The guidelines on IBS varied in quality and there were discrepancies about recommendations and recommendation grades. There is some space to improvement the quality of methodological rigor in development and reporting within clinical guidelines.
PRESENCE OF hemA-LIKE AND hemT-LlKE GENES IN A JSUMBER OF ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM INDONESIA AND SOIL SAMPLES FROM BOGOR AREA
Authors: AINI NURUL , SUWANTO ANTONIUS
Published: April 2019

The Rhodobacter sphaeroides hemA and hemT are known to encode a distinct 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthase isozyme. This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in ALA biosynthesis through the C4 pathway. This study was carried out to detect hemA-\\ke and hemT-\\ke genes in twenty Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterial (APB) isolates from several wetland areas in Indonesia, and four DNA samples that were isolated from four soil samples obtained from Bogor area. Hybridization techniques of Southern and dot blot were used, using hemA and hemT fragment as probes. Southern hybridization analyses indicated the presence of hemA-\\ke gene in five of APB isolates, i.e., MB15, MB16, MB21.2, MB55 and MB6, whereas hemT-\\ke gene was detected only in MB15. Dot blot hybridization analyses suggested that the soil samples from waterlogged paddy-field, dry paddy-field as well as a mud pond were predominantly occupied by prokaryotic organisms which harboured hemA-]\ke gene. However, /iem7"-like sequences were also found in soil sample from dry paddy-field. Key words:Â Â Â  hemA-\\ks gene / hemT-\\ke gene / Southern hybridization analysis / dot blot hybridization analysis.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients: Role of Aortic Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics
Authors: Rooprai Jasjit , Boodhwani Munir , Beauchesne Luc , Chan Kwan‐Leung , Dennie Carole , Nagpal Sudhir , Messika‐Zeitoun David , Coutinho Thais
Published: April 2019

Background

Bicuspid aortic valve (
BAV
) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality. A thoracic aortic aneurysm (
TAA
) is present in ≈50% of
BAV
patients, who also have an 8‐fold higher risk of aortic dissection than the general population. Because the health of the aorta is directly reflected in its stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics, we hypothesized that measures of aortic stiffness and arterial load would be associated with
TAA
growth in
BAV
.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐nine unoperated participants with
TAA
due to
BAV
who had serial imaging were recruited. Aortic stiffness and steady and pulsatile arterial load were evaluated with validated methods that integrate arterial tonometry with echocardiography.
TAA
growth was assessed retrospectively based on available imaging, blinded to hemodynamic status. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations of aortic stiffness and hemodynamic variables with
TAA
growth, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, 66% of participants were men. Mean±SD for age, baseline aneurysm size, growth rate, and follow‐up time were 57.2±8.3 years, 46.9±3.6 mm, 0.75±0.81 mm/y, and 2.9±3.3 years, respectively. We found that greater aortic stiffness (β±
SE
for carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity: 0.30±0.13.
P
=0.03) and aortic characteristic impedance (β±
SE
: 0.46±0.18,
P
=0.02), as well as lower total arterial and proximal aortic compliance (β±
SE
: −0.44±0.21,
P
=0.05, and −0.63±0.16,
P
=0.001, respectively) were independently associated with faster aneurysm growth.

Conclusions

In patients with
TAA
due to
BAV
, measures of greater aortic stiffness and pulsatile arterial load indicate an association with accelerated aneurysm expansion. Assessing arterial hemodynamics may be useful for risk stratification and disease monitoring in
TAA
patients with
BAV
.
Apolipoprotein Profiles in Very Preterm and Term‐Born Preschool Children
Authors: Posod Anna , Pechlaner Raimund , Yin Xiaoke , Burnap Sean Anthony , Kiechl Sophia Julia , Willeit Johann , Witztum Joseph L. , Mayr Manuel , Kiechl Stefan , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula
Published: April 2019

Background

Little is known about plasma apolipoprotein profiles in very preterm‐born and term‐born preschool children compared with the adult population. This is of particular interest because apolipoprotein composition might contribute to cardiometabolic outcome in later life.

Methods and Results

Children aged 5 to 7 years born at term or with <32 weeks of gestation were included. Apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in plasma collected after an overnight fast using multiple‐reaction monitoring‐based mass spectrometry. Twelve apolipoproteins were measured in 26 former term and 38 former very preterm infants. Key findings were confirmed by assessing apolipoprotein levels using antibody‐based assays. Comparing children born term and preterm, apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐
IV
, C‐
II
, and C‐
III
were significantly higher in the latter group. Term‐born children showed plasma levels of apolipoprotein C‐
II
and C‐
III
quantitatively similar to the adult range (Bruneck study). Hierarchical clustering analyses suggested that a higher proportion of apolipoprotein C‐
III
and C‐
II
reside on high‐density lipoprotein particles in children than in adults given the marked correlations of apolipoprotein C‐
III
and C‐
II
with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A‐I in children but not adults. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar in children and adults but the pattern of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol–associated apolipoproteins was different (lower apolipoprotein A‐I and C‐I but higher A‐
II
, A‐
IV
, and M).

Conclusions

Our study defines apolipoprotein profiles in preschoolers and reports potential effects of prematurity. Further large‐scale studies are required to provide evidence whether this apolipoprotein signature of prematurity, including high apolipoprotein C‐
II
and C‐
III
levels, might translate into adverse cardiometabolic outcome in later life.
Muslim-style Mausolea across Mongol Eurasia: Religious Syncretism, Architectural Mobility and Cultural Transformation
Authors: Blair Sheila
Published: April 2019

The first Mongol khans were buried in hidden graves, but later Mongols adopted the Muslim practice of building aboveground domed tombs. This essay examines three domed mausolea typical of the Muslim lands erected in the early to mid-14th century in different Mongol khanates—that built for the Ilkhan Öljeitü at Sultaniyya, a second for the Chaghadaid Buyan Quli Khan outside Bukhara, and a third anonymous tomb at Guyuan, Hebei, in the Yuan territories of north China—to show how different Mongol patrons interpreted the same form and funerary traditions associated with it.
The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kīsh Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq
Authors: Yokkaichi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2019

Based on a variety of literary and archaeological sources, notably the tariff lists produced in Rasulid Yemen, this study reconstructs the trade routes of the Kīsh merchants, demonstrating that the Persian Gulf route—between South and West India (Coromandel, Malabar, and Gujarat) and Iraq via the Persian Gulf—and the Red Sea route—between South and West India and Egypt via the Red Sea—were closely connected in the Mongol period. This not only manifests aspects of the proto-globalization in Mongol Eurasia but also argues against the supposed economic decline of post-1258 Baghdad and the economic centrality of Cairo in the post-Abbasid Muslim world.
E.T. Phoned Home…They Know
Authors: Huxtable Holly
Published: April 2019

The rationale behind the applicability of human rights treaties to foreign surveillance is the subject of debate. Presented with the opportunity to weigh in on this issue in the case of Big Brother Watch and Others v The United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights simply assumed (and rightly so) that the European Convention on Human Rights applies, providing no further reasoning. This article explores the challenges that arise with establishing jurisdiction over foreign surveillance under human rights treaties, and argues for an alternative base for extraterritorial jurisdiction grounded in the moral and theoretical principles underlying the human rights regime.
Re-imagining the Doctrines of Hardship and Exemption/Force Majeure under the cisg and unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts
Authors: Nwafor Ndubuisi , Lloyd Chidi
Published: April 2019

The doctrines of hardship, frustration, exemption and force majeure are all exceptions to the doctrine of mandatory enforceability of commercial contracts. However, cisg and the unidroit Principles followed different approaches in the development of impossibility jurisprudence under commercial contracts. The aim of this paper is to critically inquire whether the silence about doctrine of hardship under the cisg can conveniently be cured by the exemption provision of article 79 cisg, and whether the provision for hardship under the unidroit Principles can be used to fill the lacuna created under the cisg. This paper will utilise doctrinal research methodology with comparative approach in addressing the issues arising from the subject matter of the paper.
Past, Present, and Future of Jesuit Studies: Historiographical Thoughts
Authors: O’Malley John W.
Published: April 2019

The author traces the history of Jesuit studies, portrays the current status of the field, and reflects on its future developments. The article reproduces the third annual Feore Family Lecture on Jesuit Studies, delivered by John W. O’Malley on October 3, 2017, at Boston College. On that occasion, the Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies awarded O’Malley with the George E. Ganss, S.J., Award in Jesuit Studies, to recognize his significant scholarly contributions to the field.
The Ignatian Suscipe Prayer: Its Text and Meaning
Authors: Coffey David
Published: April 2019

The article argues that the concluding sentence of the popular prayer of St. Ignatius Loyola (d.1556), “Take, Lord, Receive,” was interpreted by the Saint himself and his translator and contemporary, André des Freux, as a petition for the gift of the love of God in the sense of our love for God rather than God’s love for us. It argues further that this sense was rendered fully explicit by the twentieth-century commentator Édouard Gueydan. Finally, recognizing the achievement of these two theologians, it recommends the general adoption of their version of the prayer.
In coelestibus: The Spiritual Combat of Onésime Lacouture, S.J.
Authors: Downey Jack Lee
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the history of Lacouturisme, a retreat movement founded by the Jesuit retreat leader Onésime Lacouture (d.1951), in Québec and the United States. Based on a redaction of the Ignatian Exercises, Lacouture’s ascetic theology was especially popular among Canadien seminarians, until it was subject to formal censure—based both on questions of orthodoxy and its apologists’ pugilistic iconoclasm. “The retreat” migrated southward, largely under the stewardship of Pittsburgh diocesan priest John Hugo (1911–85), and became deeply critical in the spiritual formation of Dorothy Day. Lacouturisme signaled an upswell of enduring Christian debates, such as the relationship between nature and grace, the boundaries of orthodoxy, and the call to moral perfection. Although the retreat’s theology counselled a measure of social withdrawal, it became spiritual fodder for the Catholic Worker Movement’s radical personalism.
A review of Micardia Butler, 1878 from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae)
Authors: CHEN FUQIANG , XUE DAYONG
Published: April 2019

Six species of the genus Micardia Butler, 1878 are recognized from China. Three new species, M. pallens, M. distinctaand M. minuta, closely allied to M. pulcherrima (Moore, 1867), are described. The adults and the genitalia are illustrated for all examined species.
A new species of the spider genus Pomboa Huber (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Colombia
Authors: VALDEZ-MONDRAGÓN ALEJANDRO
Published: April 2019

The spider genus Pomboa Huber, 2000 (Pholcidae: Modisiminae), includes three species, all from Colombia: P. cali Huber; P. pallida Huber; and P. quindio Huber (Platnick, 2012). The spiders are medium-size (1.7-3.3 mm), and show only slight sexual dimorphism (Huber, 2000). The monophyly of the genus is supported by the widely curved procursus. In P. pallida and P. quindio, the procursus bears a dorsoproximal spine that is accompanied by membranous fringes (Huber, 2000). The relationships of the genus are not yet clear (Huber, 2011). In this paper a fourth species of Pomboa is described.
Revision of the little brown frogs in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex with description of a new species
Authors: WOLLENBERG KATHARINA C. , GLAW FRANK , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: April 2019

We revise the systematics of a group of little brown leaf litter frogs from Madagascar that are notoriously difficult to di-agnose, the Gephyromantis decaryi complex. Using an integrative combination of molecular data, bioacoustics, and mor-phology, we reveal four divergent evolutionary lineages which all are monophyletic in the mitochondrial gene genealogiesand have unique haplotypes in the nuclear RAG1 gene. We recognize three of these as distinct species and a fourth one ascandidate species which requires additional study for final confirmation and description. The three species are (1) G. de-caryi Angel, 1930, from Midongy and Ranomafana, characterized by relatively long limbs and continuous dorsal folds;(2) Gephyromantis verrucosus Angel, 1930 from Vondrozo and Manombo, herein removed from the synonymy of G. bou-lengeri, including the designation of a lectotype, characterized by irregular tubercles on the dorsum, and G. hintelmannaesp. nov. from Tsitolaka forest near Ambohitsara village and a second nearby site, characterized by a relatively smoothdorsum, short note duration in advertisement calls, and lack of light-dark pattern along the upper lip. A fourth lineage mor-phologically similar and phylogenetically placed sister to G. hintelmannae is characterized by the shortest note durationin calls of the complex but we consider the available data as insufficient to fully assess its status and propose to keep considering this lineage as candidate species Gephyromantis sp. 7 until more specimens and data become available.
A new species of Elachistocleis Parker (Anura, Microhylidae) from the State of Acre, Northern Brazil
Authors: NUNES-DE-ALMEIDA CARLOS HENRIQUE L. , TOLEDO LUÍS FELIPE
Published: April 2019

A new species of Elachistocleis is described from the municipality of Xapuri, state of Acre, northern Brazil. It distinguish-es from other species by the presence of an immaculate ventral coloration, SVL larger than 31 mm, and width head morethan 6.9 mm in adult males. Multivariate analysis based on external morphology also distinguishes the new species from the most morphologically similar species. The advertisement call is described and tadpoles remain unknown.
Five new species of lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: MADDISON WAYNE P.
Published: April 2019

Five new species of lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador are described, including the first Lapsias Simon from outsideVenezuela. Lapsias lorax, sp. nov. is known from a cloud forest just west of Quito. A new species from the slopes of Vol-can Sumaco is tentatively assigned to Lapsias, Lapsias guamani sp. nov. Lapsias canandea, sp. nov. is the first lapsiinedescribed from the lowlands west of the Andes. The genus Lapsias is poorly defined, and some of these new species maymerit separate genera when the group's phylogeny is better known. Two new species of Thrandina Maddison are describedfrom about 2000 m elevation, Thrandina cosanga sp. nov. from the eastern slopes of the Andes, and Thrandina bellavistasp. nov. from the western slopes. New illustrations are provided for the already-described Thrandina parocula Maddison. Photographs of living individuals are presented for all species.
Acoustic characteristics of the advertisement call of Trachycephalus atlasBokermann, 1966 (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA CARLOS ROBERTO DOS , FERRARI STEPHEN F. , JUNCÁ FLORA ACUÑA
Published: April 2019

Only three of the 12 recognized species of Trachycephalus Tschudi (Frost 2011) present an occipital crest— Trachycephalus atlas Bokermann, T. nigromaculatus Tschudi, and T. jordani (Stejneger and Test). The latter species is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Trachycephalus nigromaculatus is found in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, and southern Bahia states, while T. atlas is restricted primarily to the Caatinga of the Brazilian Northeast (Frost 2011), but overlaps with T. nigromaculatus in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia. The two species can be differentiated by the more pronounced posterior cephalic plate, wider inter-orbital distance, and lower and wider head in T. atlas (Bokermann 1966). Herein we describe the acoustic characteristics of advertisement call of T. atlas and compared with other Trachycephalus species.
Stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) collected by the R/V Polarstern and Meteor in the south Atlantic and in Antarctica
Authors: ELÉAUME MARC , BOHN JENS-MICHAEL , ROUX MICHEL , AMÉZIANE NADIA
Published: April 2019

During the last decades, R/V Meteor and R/V Polarstern deep-sea investigations in the south Atlantic and neighbouringSouthern Ocean collected new samples of stalked crinoids belonging to the families Bathycrinidae, Phrynocrinidae andHyocrinidae which are herein described. The species found are Bathycrinus australis A.H. Clark, 1907b (the most abun-dant), Dumetocrinus aff. antarcticus (Bather, 1908), Hyocrinus bethellianus Thomson, 1876, Feracrinus heinzelleri newspecies, and Porphyrocrinus cf. incrassatus (Gislén, 1933). As only stalk fragments of bathycrinids were frequently col-lected, a distinction between the two Atlantic species B. australis and B. aldrichianus is proposed using characters of co-lumnal articulations. A few specimens attributed to Porphyrocrinus cf. incrassatus, Hyocrinus bethellianus and Hyocrinussp. collected by the N/O Jean Charcot on the Walvis Ridge are also described, plus a new specimen of Porphyrocrinusincrassatus collected in the central mid-Atlantic. Biogeography and close affinities between species in the genera Bathy-crinus and Porphyrocrinus suggest an Antarctic origin of some stalked crinoids among the north Atlantic deep-sea fauna.The presence of B. australis in both the Angola and Cape basins suggests that the Walvis Ridge is not a bio-geographicalbarrier for this relatively eurybathic species, which can attach to hard substrates as well as anchor in sediment. The genusDumetocrinus seems to be an example of colonization of the west Antarctic platform from deeper environment where its ancestor lived.
Two new Perigrapha species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: SALDAITIS AIDAS , IVINSKIS POVILAS , BORTH ROBERT
Published: April 2019

Two new species of Perigrapha Lederer, 1857 are described:  Perigrapha pekarskyi sp. n. and Perigrapha balazsi sp. n. from Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces of China. Superficially the new species resemble Perigrapha hoenei Püngeler, 1914, Perigrapha extincta Kononenko, 1989 and Perigrapha gyulaipeteri Ronkay, Ronkay & Hacker, 2010 from Japan, Russia and China, respectively, but differ slightly externally as well as by genitalia and DNA barcodes.  Recent collecting records and taxonomic  studies of this group are covered in Ahn et al. 1994, Kononenko 1989, Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007 and Ronkay et al. 2010.   Acronyms for institutional repositories noted below include:  AFM: Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy); BBT: Balázs Benedek(Törökbálint, Hungary); FHB: Franz Hofer (Baden, Austria); GBG/ZSM: Gottfried Behounek (Grafing, Germany) / Zoologische Staatssammlung, München (Germany); HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest, Hungary); NRCV: Nature Research Centre (Vilnius, Lithuania); OPB: Oleg Pekarsky (Budapest, Hungary), PGM: Peter Gyulai (Miskolc, Hungary).
New records of Rheumatobates Bergroth (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from the Pacific coast of Colombia and Costa Rica, with a key to males of Rheumatobates in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N. , PACHECO-CHAVES BERNALD
Published: April 2019

Three species of the genus Rheumatobates, R. peculiaris, R. longisetosus, and R. probolicornis are recorded from the Pacific coast of Colombia, municipality of Tumaco (department of Nariño); and R. bergrothi is recorded from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica; the macropterous morph of R. longisetosus is described, ecological data are provided and it is included together with other four species in a key to adult males from Eastern Tropical Pacific; the male habitus for six species is illustrated.
Species in the genus Bonomiella Conci, 1942 (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Argentina and Chile
Authors: CICCHINO ARMANDO C. , GONZÁLEZ-ACUÑA DANIEL ALFONSO
Published: April 2019

Species of the genus Bonomiella Conci, 1942, are a parasitic on bird species belonging to the family Columbidae (Aves, Columbiformes). In the present study we redescribe the species Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957 from Argentinean specimens, and describe the new species B. zenaidae sp. nov. from Zenaida auriculata virgate Bertoni, 1901, and Z. auriculata auriculata (des Murs 1847) from Argentina and Chile. Descriptions include male and female diagnostic features, and also descriptions of nymphal instars II and III. Also, we include a full diagnosis of the genus Bonomiella and an annotated checklist of the six species known to date, with their respective hosts.
Taxonomic revision of the leafhopper tribe Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) from China, with description of new taxa
Authors: VIRAKTAMATH C. A. , DAI WU , ZHANG YALIN
Published: April 2019

The leafhopper tribe Agalliini from China is reviewed. The Chinese fauna includes 44 species of 15 genera including four new genera: Purvigallia gen. nov. (type species: Purvigallia maculata sp. nov., from Yunnan), Skandagallia gen. nov. (type species: Skandagallia dietrichi sp. nov., from Yunnan), Sinoagallia gen. nov. (type species: Sinoagallia serrata sp. nov., from Yunnan) and Sungallia gen. nov. (type species: Sungallia truncata sp. nov., from Yunnan). Japanagallia is the most species rich and includes 17 species from China, of which five are new: Japanagallia curvipenis sp. nov. (China: Xizang), Japanagallia decliva sp. nov. (China: Shaanxi), Japanagallia multispina sp. nov. (China: Guangxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan), Japanagallia palmata sp. nov. (China: Yunnan) and Japanagallia sclerotica sp. nov. (China: Shaanxi). The genus Igerna Kirkaldy (with Igerna channa sp. nov from Guangxi and Tibet) and the European species, Anaceratagallia ribauti (Ossianinilsson) have been recorded for the first time from China. All the new taxa are described and illustrated. A check-list with taxonomic notes as well as a generic key to Chinese Agalliini are also provided.
Seven new species of the leafhopper genus Salka Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China
Authors: SONG YUE-HUA , LI ZI-ZHONG
Published: April 2019

In the present paper, seven new species, Salka cerviprocessa, S. congjianga, S. fanjinga, S. guilinensis, S. songae, S. taoyuanensis and S. triprocessa spp. n. from China are described and illustrated.
Revision of the European Delia pruinosa species group (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) feeding as larvae in seed capsules of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: MICHELSEN VERNER
Published: April 2019

The European taxon Delia pruinosa (Zetterstedt) currently treated as one species is shown to represent a complex of several closely related species all characterized by the short antennnae, enlarged proboscis with strong, black prestomal teeth and a weak tibial setation. Biologically, all members of this Delia pruinosa species group may share the larval habit of living in seed capsules of various species of Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae). The number of species recognized in both sexes is presently raized from one to four: Delia pruinosa (Zetterstedt, 1845), D. judicariae (Pokorny, 1893), D. sileni sp. nov. and D. capdellae sp. nov. It is further documented that a few more species exist within this species group, but they are so far only known from female individuals. The known distribution of the Delia pruinosa species group includes Europe and western Anatolia.
Two new tiger beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelitae) species from the Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the National Tariquia Reserve, Bolivia
Authors: PERGER ROBERT , GUERRA FERNANDO
Published: April 2019

Two new tiger beetle species from subhumid Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the National Tariquia Reserve in Tarija, Bolivia, are described and illustrated. Cylindera (Plectographa) yaguaree n. sp. is the first described Neotropical species in this genus that has setae over the complete elytral surface. Pseudoxycheila tucumana n. sp. closely resembles Pseudoxycheila andina Cassola, but is readily distinguished by spots on elytra longer than elytra width. These two new species are likely endemic to Tucuman-Bolivian forest and bring the known endemic forest tiger beetle fauna of this ecoregion to three species.
Winter Midlatitude Cold Anomalies Linked to North Atlantic Sea Ice and SST Anomalies: The Pivotal Role of the Potential Vorticity Gradient
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Luo Dehai
Published: April 2019

This study establishes a linkage between the North Atlantic sea ice concentration (SIC) or sea surface temperature (SST) and cold anomalies over northern Europe and North America through the Greenland blocking (GB) change. It is revealed that the magnitude of the meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient in the North Atlantic mid- to high latitudes plays a key role in whether strong cold anomalies occur over the North America (NA) or northern Europe (NE) or both, while it is related to the SIC change observed over Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, and the Labrador Sea (BDL collectively) and the North Atlantic SST anomaly. When the midlatitude Atlantic SST is strongly warm or when the BDL SIC anomaly is largely positive, there is a corresponding large PV gradient over the North Atlantic. In this case, no intense cold anomalies are seen over NA due to less westward movement and the short lifetime of GB. Instead, a relatively strong cold anomaly appears over western and southern Europe. Its prior large-scale atmospheric circulation is the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Moreover, strong cold anomalies can simultaneously occur over NA and NE only when the PV gradient is small under the influence of large SIC decline or intense mid- to high-latitude SST cooling across the Gulf Stream Extension. Its prior large-scale atmospheric circulation is a negative NAO phase. Daily composites show that strong cold anomalies over NA occur along the northwest–southeast direction in the presence of large SIC decline, whereas strong cold anomalies occur in NA midlatitudes even in the absence of large BDL SIC decline when mid- to high-latitude SST cooling is strong.
Meridional Atmospheric Heat Transport Constrained by Energetics and Mediated by Large-Scale Diffusion
Authors: Armour Kyle C. , Siler Nicholas , Donohoe Aaron , Roe Gerard H.
Published: April 2019

Meridional atmospheric heat transport (AHT) has been investigated through three broad perspectives: a dynamic perspective, linking AHT to the poleward flux of moist static energy (MSE) by atmospheric motions; an energetic perspective, linking AHT to energy input to the atmosphere by top-of-atmosphere radiation and surface heat fluxes; and a diffusive perspective, representing AHT in terms downgradient energy transport. It is shown here that the three perspectives provide complementary diagnostics of meridional AHT and its changes under greenhouse gas forcing. When combined, the energetic and diffusive perspectives offer prognostic insights: anomalous AHT is constrained to satisfy the net energetic demands of radiative forcing, radiative feedbacks, and ocean heat uptake; in turn, the meridional pattern of warming must adjust to produce those AHT changes, and does so approximately according to diffusion of anomalous MSE. The relationship between temperature and MSE exerts strong constraints on the warming pattern, favoring polar amplification. These conclusions are supported by use of a diffusive moist energy balance model (EBM) that accurately predicts zonal-mean warming and AHT changes within comprehensive general circulation models (GCMs). A dry diffusive EBM predicts similar AHT changes in order to satisfy the same energetic constraints, but does so through tropically amplified warming—at odds with the GCMs’ polar-amplified warming pattern. The results suggest that polar-amplified warming is a near-inevitable consequence of a moist, diffusive atmosphere’s response to greenhouse gas forcing. In this view, atmospheric circulations must act to satisfy net AHT as constrained by energetics.