bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absolute Train Localization Based on the Identification of Surrounding Structures Using 1D LiDAR Sensor
Authors: Nagai Kensuke , Ohnishi Wataru , Koseki Takafumi
Published: November 2024

Train localization is an essential technology for effective train control. Currently, train localization primarily relies on using track circuits and balises, which are placed along the track to provide precise location information. However, balises have to be placed at intervals of a few kilometers. This increases maintenance costs and makes them vulnerable to being damaged by ice blocks falling from moving trains. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method for absolute train localization based on structure detection and identification using a 1D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor to reduce the number of balises. Structure identification is achieved using scan matching. In the experiments using a car, the proposed method achieved an identification success rate of over 90%. We also considered the effect of raindrops by filtering the measurement data. By testing and analyzing the identification results, we successfully reduced all cases of misidentification.
A Minireview of Multimetallic Iron‐Based Oxides for Supercapacitive Negative Electrode Materials
Authors: Zhong Huohong , Zhang Nan
Published: November 2024

The serious mismatch between the positive and negative electrodes of supercapacitors (SCs) makes it imperative to develop high‐performance negative electrode materials. Among them, multimetallic iron‐based oxides (MIBOs) are intensively investigated attributed to their high theoretical specific capacitance, wide operating potential window, copious electrochemical active sites, variable metal oxidation states, and abundant redox centers. This paper briefly introduces some essential information on SCs and the most common synthesis methods of MIBOs. Also, the research progress of several important MIBOs and their composites is discussed. Finally, the existing problems and challenges of MIBOs are summarized and future outlooks are likewise proposed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Sulfone‐Containing 1,3‐Enynes from Simple Alkynes and Sulfonyl Iodides
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Jianwei , Ying Jun
Published: November 2024

A palladium‐catalyzed domino radical sulfonylation and alkynylation of simple alkynes has been developed for the rapid construction of privileged scaffolds containing sulfone and 1,3‐enyne motifs. The reaction of sulfonyl iodide with simple alkynes proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to afford a variety of sulfone‐containing 1,3‐enynes in good yields and with excellent selectivities.
NHC‐Catalyzed, Microwave‐Assisted and Base‐Dependent Reactions of Substituted Cinnamaldehydes Towards γ‐Lactones or Saturated Esters
Authors: Papadaki Evanthia , Kapoti Antonia , Leitourgaki Roza , Vogiatzi Aikaterini , Magrioti Victoria
Published: November 2024

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) generated from imidazolium, imidazopyridinium and imidazoquinolinium hydrochlorides in situ using base and microwave irradiation were employed as organocatalysts to yield homoenolates from cinnamaldehyde and its aryl‐substituted analogs. Depending on the catalytic base either γ‐lactones were prepared when the strong base tBuOK was used or the corresponding saturated ethyl 3‐aryl propionates were synthesized with the milder DIPEA base. Novel imidazopyridinium and imidazoquinolinium hydrochlorides were synthesized and were compared to commercially available NHCs IMes and IDip for their catalytic activity. The optimum reaction conditions were established using IMes and the broad scope of both reactions was investigated using the 4 most efficient NHCs.
Synthesis, Structure, Spectral and Redox Properties of Phenoxazine Embedded Heteroporphyrins
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: November 2024

A series of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins containing one phenoxazine, two pyrroles and one heterocycle, such as furan, thiophene, selenophene and telluorophene, connected by four meso carbon atoms were synthesized by condensing one equivalent of phenoxazine‐based tripyrrane with one equivalent of the appropriate 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl‐p‐tolyl) heterocycle under acid‐catalyzed conditions, and their structure, spectral and electrochemical properties were compared with those of previously reported phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. The X‐ray crystal structure of the phenoxazine embedded selenoporphyrin revealed that the selenophene ring, which is opposite the phenoxazine moiety, points outward from the macrocyclic core, and the phenoxazine unit deviated by an angle of 39.47° from the mean plane defined by the four meso carbons atoms. The replacement of the phenothiazine unit in phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins with a phenoxazine unit led to significant alteration of the electronic properties of the macrocycles, as reflected in their spectral and electrochemical properties. The absorption spectra of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins showed bathochromically shifted absorption bands, hypsochromically shifted fluorescence bands with decent quantum yields, more facile oxidation and more difficult reduction as compared to the corresponding phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. DFT and TD‐DFT studies were in support of the experimental observations.
Comparison of high‐intensity interval training and moderate‐intensity continuous training on cardiopulmonary function, cardiac autonomic function and vascular function in adolescent boys with obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Su Zheng‐yu , Yu Wei‐liang , Yan Zhi‐wei , Ding Duo‐duo , Fang Chang‐chang , Luo Qing‐lu , Liu Xiao , Cao Lian‐Zhong
Published: November 2024

Adolescent obesity can impair cardiopulmonary function, vascular elasticity, endothelial function, and vago‐sympathetic balance. While moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) benefits cardiovascular health in obese adolescents, the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) are less understood. We hypothesize that HIIT may be more effective than MICT in improving VO2peak, vascular elasticity, endothelial function, and vago‐sympathetic balance in obese adolescent boys. Forty four participants were randomly assigned to the HIIT (10 × 1‐min at 85%–95% peak HR, intersperse with 2‐min active recovery at 60%–70% peak HR) or MICT (35 min at 65%–75% peak HR) for an 8‐week program. The primary outcome measured was the change in VO2peak with secondary outcomes including brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and heart rate variability (HRV). Forty four adolescent boys with obesity (age, 14 ± 1 years old, body mass index, 31.6 ± 1.3 kg/m2) were enrolled and 43 (97.73%) completed the 8‐week exercise. No significant difference of VO2peak was found between the HIIT and MICT group (p = 0.243). There was no significant difference of baPWV between the groups (p = 0.789). Change in FMD% was significantly higher in the HIIT group compared to the MICT group (p < 0.001). The Change in HRV‐high frequency (HRV‐HF; p = 0.009) and HRV‐low frequency/high frequency (HRV‐LF/HF; p = 0.035) was significantly higher in the HIIT group compared to the MICT group. Among adolescent boys with obesity, 8‐week HIIT and MICT had similar effects on improving VO2peak. HIIT may be superior to MICT to improve endothelial function and vago‐sympathetic balance.
Utilisation of New Zealand Rugby's concussion management pathway: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Salmon Danielle M. , Badenhorst Marelise , Keung Sierra , Kerr Zachary Yukio , Register‐Mihalik Johna K. , Romanchuk Janelle , Sullivan S. John , Sutherland Christina , Whatman Chris , Walters Simon R.
Published: November 2024

Concerns around concussion highlight the need for strategies to improve the implementation and translation of concussion guidelines in community sports. This study assessed players' utilisation and compliance with New Zealand Rugby's Concussion Management Pathway (CMP). This pragmatic, mixed methods study comprised of concussion injury surveillance and mapping of players' healthcare touchpoints through the CMP. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to understand stakeholders' experiences. Over the season, 27 different healthcare pathways were identified with 28% of players progressing through all phases of the CMP (ideal pathway). Of the 206 suspected concussions reported over the season, 70% were logged in the CMP phone App, and 89% of these had an associated valid baseline concussion assessment. Prior to returning to contact training, 64% of players obtained a medical clearance. One theme, ‘belief in the value of pathway’ was identified as a facilitator across all CMP components. Themes such as ‘concussion knowledge and the nature of concussion’; ‘communication between stakeholders and sufficient information on the process’; and ‘strong relationships and clarity around responsibilities’ were identified as facilitators across several pathway components. Other facilitators included ‘ease and timing of general practitioner access’; ‘the phone App as facilitator to logging’; and ‘spotting for concussion as a team’. Additionally, the findings signify baseline testing as a potential pre‐cursor to overall CMP compliance. Strategies that support the facilitators identified in this study may further enhance compliance.
Spike and Slab Regression for Nonstationary Gaussian Linear Mixed Effects Modeling of Rapid Disease Progression
Authors: Gecili Emrah , Brokamp Cole , Asar Özgür , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Brewington John J. , Szczesniak Rhonda D.
Published: November 2024

Select measures of social and environmental determinants of health (referred to as “geomarkers”), predict rapid lung function decline in cystic fibrosis (CF), defined as a prolonged decline relative to patient and/or center‐level norms. The extent to which hyper‐localization, defined as increasing the spatiotemporal precision of geomarkers, aids in prediction of rapid lung decline remains unclear. Linear mixed effects (LME) models with specialized covariance functions have been used for predicting rapid lung function decline, but there are few options to properly incorporate spatial correlation into the covariance functions while inducing simultaneous variable selection. Our innovative Bayesian model uses a spike and slab prior for simultaneous variable selection and offers additional advantages when coupled with nonstationary Gaussian LME modeling. This model also incorporates spatial correlation through an additional random effect term that accounts for spatial correlation based on ZIP code distances. We validated the model with simulations and applied it to real CF data from a Midwestern CF Center. We demonstrate how a combination of demographic, clinical, and geomarker variables can be selected as optimal predictors using Bayesian false discovery rate controlling rule. Our results indicate that incorporating spatiotemporal effects and geomarkers into this novel Bayesian stochastic LME model enhances the dynamic prediction of rapid CF disease progression.
Chemical analysis and concentrations of cannabidiol substances used for refractory epilepsy in Chilean patients. An underestimated worldwide risk
Authors: Ríos‐Pohl Loreto , Franco Macarena , Navea Daniel , Venegas Viviana , Cerda Tomás
Published: November 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to analyze composition of HMS (homemade CBD), NLS (non‐licensed commercial products), and bioequivalent CBD (BES) collected from Chilean patients that voluntary accepted to analyze the “CBD‐substance.”

Methods

Samples were collected through an open invitation for different patients to anonymously and free of charge participate in the analysis of CBD oil. The analysis of the active principle was performed using High‐Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

Results

A total of 35 samples were collected between March 2020 and September 2021, including two BES, six NLS, and 27 HMS products.

The BES had an average CBD concentration of 89.15 mg/mL and an average THC concentration of 0.015 mg/mL, which complied with the maximum THC levels required by regulatory authorities (<0.2% THC.).

The NLS (six samples) exhibited significant variability in CBD concentrations, ranging from a maximum of 78.5 mg/mL to a minimum of 0.1 mg/mL, with an average of 25.41 mg/mL. The THC concentrations ranged from 0 mg/mL to 2.43 mg/mL with an average of 0.62 mg/mL.

The HMS products exhibited even higher variations of CBD concentrations, ranging from 0 to a maximum of 6.6 mg/mL. THC concentrations were even more variable, ranging from 0 mg/mL to 388 mg/mL.

Significance

The medical community and patients involved should be aware that Hemp products are not pure and/or innocuous. HMS are likely to have high levels of THC and very low CBD, far away from therapeutic doses of CBD. CBD used in epilepsy should be restricted to licensed products, especially in children where THC toxicity is much more harmful.

Plain Language Summary

The study analyzed three types of CBD (cannabidiol) oils: homemade, non‐licensed, and bioequivalent. Homemade and non‐licensed products showed nonacceptable variance of CBD and THC concentration (tetrahydrocannabinol), in some cases with 0 mgs of CBD and many beyond THC maximum accepted. The THC is another component found in cannabis and is responsible for the neurotoxic effects. Only bioequivalent products showed concentrations of CBD and THC acceptable for epilepsy treatment, therefore are the only products recommended for such purpose.
Monitoring of thermal conditions and snow dynamics at periglacial block accumulations in a low mountain range in central Germany
Authors: Wiegand Tim , Kneisel Christof
Published: November 2024

The Rhoen Mountains, a relict periglacial landscape in central Germany, feature a wide range of openwork block accumulations. Although located in a temperate climate, those have characteristics comparable with cold regions of higher altitude or latitude such as arctic‐alpine species, longer lasting snow patches or the discussed existence of summer or even year‐round ice lenses in one of the largest of these landforms in the Central German Uplands. This study aims for a characterization of the microclimatic conditions of two neighbouring block accumulations. Therefore, temperatures were registered by data loggers along profiles, and snow dynamics were monitored using time‐lapse cameras and terrestrial laser scans. These observations are finally compared with geophysical measurements to address the question of potential isolated low‐altitude permafrost occurrences. Mean ground surface temperatures show an inverse thermal gradient along the Schafstein block accumulation. Furrows were identified as the cold spots in winter, whereas snow melt holes are signs of a chimney effect. In summer, cold air flows out at ventilation holes along the front causing temperatures of up to 25°C below air temperatures, although no clear signs of permafrost were detected. Temperature correlations reveal periods indicative of a recurring internal summer air circulation. Coarse blocky substrate also favours ground cooling of the smaller Mathesberg block accumulation compared with its surroundings. Winter temperatures are influenced by a persistent snowbank forming due to drifting and blowing snow at the leeward edge of a plateau as little amounts of snow are sufficient to be redistributed by westerlies. The prolonged melt of the snowbank might have had or still has a local hydrological and geomorphological impact. Uncertainties remain regarding the behaviour of the microclimate of block accumulations in a warming climate. Being ‘cold spots’ of high ecological value further investigations are suggested.
Long‐Term Estimation of SoH Using Cascaded LSTM‐RNN for Lithium Batteries Subjected to Aging and Accelerated Degradation
Authors: Bharath Y. K. , Anandu V. P. , Vinatha U. , Sudeep Shetty
Published: November 2024

Accurate estimation of state of health (SoH) of the battery over long‐term is a critical challenge for the battery management systems in electric vehicles. This is due to the challenges in accurately modeling the accelerated aging and degradation phenomena caused by diverse operating conditions of the battery. This paper presents a cascaded recurrent neural networks (RNN) with long short‐term memory (LSTM) to estimate the internal resistance and SoH, taking account of various abnormal operating conditions of the battery. A datasheet‐based degradation model of the battery is developed using fade equations. The training and validation data set for LSTM‐RNN are generated by subjecting the battery model to various factors that cause accelerated degradation, such as fast charging, varying operating temperatures, overutilization, and cell imbalance. The cascaded LSTM‐RNN is trained to estimate SoH only once after the completion of every charge–discharge cycle. The training error index parameters of the proposed SoH estimator are well within 1%, demonstrating the reliability and robustness of the estimator to diverse operating conditions of the battery.
A Deep Learning Dependent Controller for Advanced Ultracapacitor SoC Concept to Increase Battery Life Span of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Jain Vaibhav
Published: November 2024

On a global scale, significant progress is being made in the field of battery technology for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications, driven by the need to combat carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of global warming. Accurately determining critical parameters, making sure battery storage system diagnosis, and functioning are correct are critical to the feasibility of EVs. However, insufficient supervision and safety measures for these storage systems may lead to serious problems like a thermal runaway, overcharging, overheating, cell imbalances, and fire hazards. To tackle these challenges, the presence of an efficient battery management system becomes paramount. By facilitating accurate monitoring, managing heat dissipation, regulating charging‐discharging procedures, guaranteeing battery safety, and offering protection measures, this system is essential to maximizing battery performance. The key intention of this innovative approach is to improve the longevity of EV batteries during extended periods of operation. By assessing vehicle velocity, remaining battery energy, and State of Charge (SoC), the proposed method effectively manages SoC in both the battery and ultracapacitor. This control is accomplished through a two‐stage convolutional neural network‐based system known as the Charge Sustain‐CNN Controller and the Charge Deplete‐CNN Controller. These controllers are fine‐tuned using the Fractional Latrans‐Hunt optimization (FLHO) algorithm to optimize the performance. The evaluation criteria encompass the battery and ultracapacitor's energy efficiency, as well as vehicle velocity. This novel approach significantly improves the energy storage system in EVs, leading to enhanced energy efficiency and prolonged battery life. Ultimately, experimental results validate the practicality and effectiveness of this developed method. Specifically, the proposed approach attained the Battery's SoC of 72.47%, 91.99%, and 82.88% for the different drive cycles including the FTP75, J1015, and UDDS, respectively.
Highly Efficient Water and Nitrogen Application Strategies for Maintaining Summer Maize Yield in the North China Plain During Future Drought Years
Authors: Wang Zheng , Cheng Changxiu
Published: November 2024

Future frequent droughts threaten summer maize production in the North China Plain (NCP). A proper combination of irrigation and nitrogen (N) application can improve water and N use efficiency while maintaining summer maize yield. However, the optimal irrigation and N application strategies (OINASs) for summer maize during future drought years in the NCP require further exploration. This study applied the DSSAT‐CERES‐Maize model to investigate OINASs for summer maize for all drought years during 2021–2050 under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5). The performance of the OINASs was subsequently evaluated against no irrigation and N application (CK) condition and a conventional irrigation and N application strategy (CINAS). The results highlight the following: (1) For all drought years under the three SSP scenarios, the base fertilizer rate should be 60 kg/hm2, after that the irrigation and N application are required during the jointing and heading periods. Under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, the average values of irrigation and N application during each earlier period are 35.5 mm and 22 kg/hm2. Under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, the average values are (34.5 mm, 23 kg/hm2) and (47.5 mm, 18 kg/hm2). (2) Under all SSP scenarios, the optimal irrigation amounts and N application rates are much lower than those under the CINAS. After applying OINASs for summer maize, an average of 1.16–1.22 billion kg of N and 2.98–5.19 billion m3 of freshwater will be saved per future drought year in the NCP. (3) Under all SSP scenarios, the summer maize yields under the OINASs are slightly and significantly greater than those under the CINAS and CK conditions. Moreover, both water and N use efficiencies improved under the OINASs compared with those under the CINAS, with more significant improvements in N use efficiency. The OINASs provide a practical way to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.
Perceptions on American Fisheries Society Membership and Recommendations for Action Based on 2022 Survey Results
Authors: Croteau Amanda , Flaherty-Walia Kerry , Raabe Joshua , Cushman Susan , Earley Laurie , Archer Abigail , Cassidy Dan , Kotche Kelly
Published: November 2024

A survey was conducted in 2022 to identify current perceptions and preferences regarding the value of AFS membership and its associated benefits, to assess the effectiveness of AFS initiatives and communication efforts, to provide insight into the role of AFS in career development, and to document motivations for membership in other societies. The membership survey included participation from current AFS members as well as nonmembers with interests in the fisheries profession. We conducted an analysis of the 2,285 survey respondents, where the goal of the analysis was to identify global trends among all respondents as a means to improve the overall experience for society members through value-added membership benefits and initiatives. For the purposes of this analysis, survey questions that specifically addressed membership benefits or membership retention were evaluated. Most of the survey questions evaluated in this analysis included an option to provide comments that were also compiled and assessed for recurring trends. Similar to previous membership surveys, high membership and meeting registration fees were frequently cited as a possible limitation or barrier to retaining and recruiting members. Survey respondents indicated that a higher value of membership appreciation could be achieved through better communication of benefits and efforts to encourage employers to support membership and certification. Recommendations were developed from the survey responses and some have already been implemented by the Membership Committee through an Action Plan. These recommendations will be used to guide future actions to increase membership, to enhance current membership benefits, and to serve as a framework to focus and refine future actions that will be considered by the Membership Committee on behalf of AFS.
Numerische Ermittlung von Baugrundschwingungen bei dynamisch belasteten Fundamenten: Empfehlungen zur Modellierung
Authors: Schepers Winfried , Brinkgreve Ronald B. J. , Holtzendorff Kira , Wegener Dirk , Appel Silke , Efthymiou Georgia , Krajewski Wolfgang , Machaček Jan , Meier Thomas , Nseir Bashar , Rangelow Peter , Schmitt Jürgen , Staubach Patrick , Vrettos Christos
Published: November 2024

In der Praxis tätige geotechnisch Planende kommen in zunehmendem Maße mit dynamischen Fragestellungen in Berührung. Hersteller von geotechnischer Berechnungssoftware haben entsprechend ihre ursprünglich für statische Aufgabenstellungen konzipierten Produkte um die Möglichkeit zur Lösung von Wellenausbreitungsproblemen im Baugrund erweitert. Den Anwendern fehlt aber häufig die notwendige Erfahrung zur Durchführung dieser Art von numerischen Berechnungen. Die Arbeitskreise 1.4 „Baugrunddynamik“ und 1.6 „Numerik in der Geotechnik“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik (DGGT) haben diese Entwicklung aufgegriffen und einen gemeinsamen Unterarbeitskreis „Numerik in der Baugrunddynamik“ gegründet. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die aktuellen Ergebnisse der Arbeit des Unterarbeitskreises vor und fasst die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in Form von Empfehlungen zusammen.
Oligodendrocyte Slc48a1 (Hrg1) encodes a functional heme transporter required for myelin integrity
Authors: Stockley John H. , Vaquie Adrien M. , Xu Zhaoyang , Bartels Theresa , Jordan Gregory D. , Holmqvist Staffan , Gunter Simon , Lam Guy , Yamamoto Daniel , Pek Rini H. , Chambers Ian G. , Rock Andrew S. , Hill Myfanwy , Zhao Chao , Dillon Scott , Franklin Robin J. M. , O'Connor Rosemary , Bodine David M. , Hamza Iqbal , Rowitch David H.
Published: November 2024

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) of the central nervous system require iron for proteolipid biosynthesis during the myelination process. Although most heme is found complexed to hemoglobin in red blood cells, surprisingly, we found that Slc48a1, encoding the heme transporter Hrg1, is expressed at higher levels in OLs than any other cell type in rodent and humans. We confirmed in situ that Hrg1 is expressed in OLs but not their precursors (OPCs) and found that Hrg1 proteins in CNS white matter co‐localized within myelin sheaths. In older Hrg1 null mutant mice we observed reduced expression of myelin associated glycoprotein (Mag) and ultrastructural myelin defects reminiscent of Mag‐null animals, suggesting myelin adhesion deficiency. Further, we confirmed reduced myelin iron levels in Hrg1 null animals in vivo, and show that OLs in vitro can directly import both the fluorescent heme analogue ZnMP and heme itself, which rescued iron deficiency induced inhibition of OL differentiation in a heme‐oxidase‐dependent manner. Together these findings indicate OL Hrg1 encodes a functional heme transporter required for myelin integrity.
Horizontal inequity in the use of mental healthcare in Australia
Authors: Black Nicole , Johnston David W. , Knapp Martin , Shields Michael A. , Wong Gloria H. Y.
Published: November 2024

For people experiencing mental health problems, timely access to high‐quality healthcare is imperative for improving outcomes. However, limited availability of services, high out‐of‐pocket costs, insufficient health literacy and stigmatizing attitudes may mean people do not receive the necessary treatment. We analyze Australian longitudinal data to document the extent and predictors of horizontal inequity in mental healthcare use among people with a newly developed mild or moderate mental disorder. Importantly, we compare people with similar health, residing in the same area, thus controlling for differences in healthcare needs and availability of services. Results suggest that mental healthcare use is not significantly associated with household income or financial hardship. In contrast, we find significant inequities by educational attainment, with university graduates around 50% more likely to receive mental healthcare than high‐school dropouts. These findings are robust across subsamples and alternative modeling approaches, including panel data models with individual fixed‐effects. Additional explorations of the education gradient suggest a potential pathway through mental health‐specific knowledge and attitudes.
Nivolumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Results of Polish multicenter observational study
Authors: Rutkowski Tomasz Wojciech , Kurczyk Agata , Drosik‐Rutowicz Katarzyna , Kiprian Dorota , Dębicka Izabella , Sierko Ewa , Konopka‐Filippow Monika , Kaźmierska Joanna , Łukasiewicz‐Grella Monika , Cząstkiewicz‐Trawińska Diana , Mrochem‐Domin Izolda , Ryniewicz‐Zander Iwona , Borysiewicz Zuzanna , Chmielowska Ewa , Jasiówka Marek , Źrebiec‐Figura Monika , Karpińska Agnieszka , Pacholczak‐Madej Renata , Leś Dominika , Pietruszka Agnieszka , Łasinska Izabela , Składowski Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who have progressed following primary treatment (PT) have a poor prognosis. In this group, nivolumab has been demonstrated to significantly improve outcomes. This study presents the efficacy of nivolumab in Polish patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC using real‐world data. The analyzed group consisted of 324 adult patients with R/M HNSCC following platinum‐based therapy. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the time from completion of PT to nivolumab initiation (tPT‐N): within 6 months (refractory), between 6 and 24 months (sensitive, tPT‐N ≤24), and beyond 24 months (sensitive, tPT‐N >24). Survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to evaluate how various risk factors affect patient outcomes. The 1‐year and 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 19.1%, 6.1%, 30.7%, 9.4%, and 45.7%, 29.1% in refractory, sensitive tPT‐N ≤24, sensitive tPT‐N >24 patients, respectively and was higher for both sensitivity groups vs. refractory (p = .004) and for sensitive tPT‐N >24 versus refractory and sensitive tPT‐N ≤24 (p <.001). Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had OS significantly higher than patients with other primary tumor localization. The multivariate Cox analysis showed a significant favorable effect of tPT‐N >24 (HR = 0.53, p = .001) and nasopharyngeal cancer on OS (HR = 0.20, p = .008). Conversely, female sex was identified as an unfavorable factor for OS (HR = 1.48, p = .020). In our study, we established that the benefit of nivolumab increases with the increasing tPT‐N. The probability of death is significantly lower in male patients and patients with nasopharyngeal cancer regardless of tPT‐N.
Psychrobacter sanguinis infection in a pediatric patient with craniopharyngioma identified in a blood culture by 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Liu Jia , Cao Xueping , Yang Xiaoli , Song Lijie , Duan Feifei , Zhang Wei , Wang Yufei
Published: November 2024

Psychrobacter species are gram‐negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. These bacteria are considered rare opportunistic human pathogens, and the infection sites include blood, cerebral spinal fluid, wounds, urine, the ears, and the eyes. Few cases of human infection by these species have been described previously. We report a case of a 10‐year‐old boy with postneurosurgical bacteremia due to Psychrobacter sanguinis infection. This infection was difficult to identify using routine biochemical phenotypical tests. Sequencing of 16S rRNA was performed to identify this pathogen. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. In conclusion, P. sanguinis infections are rare but should be considered when cultures remain negative for common pathogens.
Fueling the future of clean energy with self‐supported layered double hydroxides‐based electrocatalysts: A step toward sustainability
Authors: Wong Man‐Kei , Loh Jian Yiing , Yap Feng Ming , Ong Wee‐Jun
Published: November 2024

Amid the ongoing transition toward renewable fuels, the self‐supported layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are envisioned as propitious electrocatalysts for reinvigorating the electrocatalysis realm, thereby facilitating environmental remediation and bolstering sustainable global energy security. Exploiting appealing attributes such as unique lamellar structure, abundant active sites, tunable intercalation spacing and compositional flexibility, LDHs boast remarkable activity, selectivity and stability across diverse energy‐related applications. By virtue of addressing the technological and time prominence of excavating their renaissance, this review first encompasses the facile state‐of‐the‐art synthetic approaches alongside intriguing modification strategies, toward deciphering the authentic structure–performance correlations for advancing more robust and precise catalyst design. Aside from this, heterostructure engineering employing diversified ranges of coupling materials is highlighted, to construct ground‐breaking binder‐free LDHs‐based heterostructures endowing with unprecedented activity and stability. Subsequently, the milestone gained from experimental research and theoretical modeling of this frontier in multifarious electrocatalytic applications, including HER, OER, UOR, AOR, seawater splitting and other fundamental conversion reactions is rigorously unveiled. As a final note, a brief conclusion is presented with an outline of future prospects. Essentially, this review aspires to offer enlightenment and incite wise inspiration for the future evolution of innovative and resilient next‐generation catalysts.

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NK Cell‐Based Cancer Immunotherapies: Current Progress, Challenges and Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammad Y. , Uthirapathy Subasini , Kumar Abhinav , Oghenemaro Enwa Felix , R. Roopashree , Lal Madan , Arora Isha , Chauhan Ashish Singh , Saud Mahmood Jumaa , Hulail Hanen Mahmod
Published: November 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are vital innate immune cells that play a crucial role in cancer therapy. They are targeted by therapies designed to modulate, retain, and enhance their antitumor function in vivo. In addition to whole‐cell therapy, NK cell‐derived exosomes (NDEs) offer high immune safety and are easily subject to chemical, biological, and immunological modifications. This makes them suitable for use in combination with various current cancer therapies to enhance efficacy, treatment outcomes, and reduce side effects in vivo. This review aims to outline summarizes the antitumor potential of NK cells, as well as the current challenges and opportunities in NK cell‐based immunotherapies such as allogeneic and autologous NK cell transplantation, CAR NK cell therapy, and the use of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies. The review also explores the dual regulatory effects of tumor exosomes on NK cells, and highlights the potential of NDEs, either alone or in combination with other antitumor therapies, to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and expedite the therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy in future clinical research.
Anti‐Proliferation Effect of Nodosin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Via The ERCC6L/PI3K/AKT/Axis
Authors: Wang Qingling , Gong Qingquan , Zhang Chun , Lin Jianyuan , Xiao Dexian , Li Dianlian , Lin Feng , Guo Dengfang
Published: November 2024

Nodosin, a prominent diterpenoid derived from Rabdosia serra [Maxim] Hara extracts, exhibits notable antitumor activity in various cancers. However, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism remain inadequately understood, which is important for its clinical prescription. This study aims to reveal the mechanism through which nodosin exerts its effects, thereby providing further insights for its application. Nodosin was prepared in concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0 μM. The effect of nodosin on the viability of SNU378 and HCCLM3 cells was evaluated using CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling was assessed by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that nodosin significantly suppressed the viability of SNU378 and HCCLM3 cells, yielding IC50 values of 0.890 and 0.766 μM, respectively. Notably, ERCC6L was downregulated in cells treated with nodosin. Overexpressing ERCC6L was found to reverse the proliferation inhibition and the apoptosis enhancement by nodosin in HCC cells. Additionally, ERCC6L was observed to mitigate the inhibitory effects of nodosin on PI3K/AKT signaling in both SNU378 and HCCLM3 cells. Conversely, the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling could counteract the effect of ERCC6L. Thus, the anti‐proliferation effects of nodosin on HCC cells are mediated by the ERCC6L/PI3K/AKT axis.
Copper in Human Health and Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Binesh Ambika , Venkatachalam Kaliyamurthi
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review discusses the crucial role of copper in human health and disease as an essential trace mineral. It emphasizes the significance of copper while addressing potential risks from imbalances in copper levels, be it excessive or inadequate. The review outlines various challenges in copper research, including toxicity concerns, data limitations, metabolic complexities, genetic influences, nutrient interactions, and resource constraints. Despite these challenges, the review identifies specific research areas needing exploration, such as copper homeostasis regulation, transport mechanisms, gut microbiome interactions, immune function, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health, cancer, fertility, and reproductive health. The purpose of this review is to explore the important role of copper in human health and disease, which highlights the delicate balance required to avoid deficiency or toxicity. For the researchers and scientists, it provides the gaps in the research, so it aims to provide insights that could advance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies across various medical disciplines.
Impostor phenomenon and counselor development: The critical role of self‐compassion
Authors: Clarke Brian J. , Hartley Michael T. , Button Carly
Published: November 2024

Self‐compassion is an important protective factor for managing and regulating complex emotions. This article reports on a study exploring the mediating effect of self‐compassion on the relationship between impostor phenomenon (IP) and counseling self‐efficacy (CSE) among 281 counselors‐in‐training (CITs). The most striking finding is that 65.1% of the counseling students reported frequent‐to‐intense IP. Furthermore, higher IP correlated with higher mental distress and lower CSE. Consistent with social learning theory, self‐compassion and the ability to self‐regulate physiological and affective states fully mediated the negative effect of IP on CSE, accounting for 60.9% of the variance. Implications address the alarming prevalence and severity of IP among CITs and the powerful role that self‐compassion may play in the professional development of CITs.
GABA in early brain development: A dual role review
Authors: Ji Xiaoyu , Liu Shuzhen , Li Shiyong , Li Xing , Luo Ailin , Zhang Xue , Zhao Yilin
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted roles of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in early brain development. GABA, traditionally recognized for its inhibitory functions in the mature brain, also exhibits excitatory effects during early neural development. This article explores the mechanisms behind GABA's dual roles, detailing its impact on the properties of the immature brain, the mechanisms of GABA‐mediated excitation, the role of GABA‐mediated presynaptic inhibition, the trophic actions of GABA during early development, GABA regulation of neurite growth and GABA‐mediated cell differentiation in the immature brain. Emphasizing recent research findings, the review highlights the significance of GABAergic signalling in shaping the developing brain and its potential implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network: Cross‐site transdisciplinary science to support a sustainable and resilient agriculture
Authors: Tsegaye Teferi , Eve Marlen , Hapeman Cathleen J. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Baffaut Claire , Browning Dawn M. , Coffin Alisa W. , Spiegal Sheri A.
Published: November 2024

The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network is a collaborative initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, aimed at advancing sustainable, resilient agriculture through coordinated research conducted on croplands, grazing lands, and integrated crop/livestock systems. Here we provide an overview of the LTAR network, highlighting its vision, mission, initiatives, recent network activities, and future directions. Network‐level research is critical for developing contextually relevant solutions to the challenges faced by agricultural producers. Long‐term data collection, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of scientific knowledge are needed to enhance agricultural productivity and its resiliency, environmental quality, profitability, and social well‐being into the future.
Torque Teno Virus Control by the Classical Pathway of Complement Activation—A Retrospective Analysis From a First‐in‐Human Trial Utilizing Sutimlimab
Authors: Kapps Sebastian , Mühlbacher Jakob , Kulifaj Dorian , Courjal Sophie , Eskandary Farsad , Schiemann Martin , Jilma Bernd , Böhmig Georg A. , Bond Gregor , Wahrmann Markus
Published: November 2024

Torque Teno virus (TTV) load is linked with the functionality of its host's immune system and has been proposed as a potential monitoring tool for immune‐modulating therapy. However, the immunological mechanisms of TTV control are incompletely understood. To assess the effect of the classical complement pathway on TTV, 64 healthy volunteers and 10 kidney transplant recipients treated with the anti‐C1s antibody sutimlimab were analyzed for serum TTV copy numbers (c/mL) by qPCR. Overall, a correlation was observed between the decrease in complement activity caused by sutimlimab and the TTV load increase (ρ = −0.367, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated a trend toward TTV load increase in healthy volunteers following the highest sutimlimab dose compared to baseline (100 mg/kg body weight; median 3.5 log10 c/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 2.8–4.4 vs. 2.9 log10 c/mL, 0.8–3.5; p = 0.063). Administering multiple lower doses (30 mg/kg) also showed a trend toward TTV load increase in healthy volunteers (1.8 log10 c/mL, 0–2.3 vs. 1.9, 1.3–2.8; p = 0.054) and a significant increase in transplant recipients (3.5 log10 c/mL, 3.0–6.1 vs. 4.1, 3.5–6.4; p = 0.004). This report suggests a role for the classical complement pathway in controlling TTV load.
Factors related to the choice of warfarin for treating newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are associated with safety outcomes during anticoagulation: A new‐user, active‐comparator, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takagi Yoshiko , Ueda Shinichiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); however, warfarin is still used. This study examined why physicians may choose warfarin over DOACs and the associated safety outcomes in patients with NVAF.

Methods

We conducted a new‐user, active‐comparator cohort study in newly diagnosed patients with NVAF to assess safety outcomes after the introduction of DOACs in Japan.

Results

The median observation period was 1120 days; 1428 patients started anticoagulation therapy with warfarin and 1551 with DOACs. Warfarin was chosen for patients with lower creatinine clearance and left ventricular ejection fractions and those using aspirin and verapamil. The unadjusted risk of major bleeding was considerably higher in the warfarin group but was nonsignificant after adjusting for variables associated with the choice of warfarin, in addition to age and sex. The risk of death was higher in the warfarin group, even after adjustments for relevant variables. However, high‐risk subgroups, including those with older ages and multiple comorbidities, such as renal impairment, for whom warfarin was more likely to be selected, had severely compromised prognoses with either anticoagulant. The risk of stroke/systemic embolism was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Warfarin is often chosen for older patients with multiple comorbidities characterized by reduced renal function, which is associated with a higher risk of major bleeding and mortality. These high‐risk patients seem to have a poor prognosis regardless of the type of anticoagulant used. Thus, safe anticoagulant therapy remains a challenge for such patients.
Long‐Term Foehn Reconstruction Combining Unsupervised and Supervised Learning
Authors: Stauffer Reto , Zeileis Achim , Mayr Georg J.
Published: November 2024

Foehn winds, characterised by abrupt temperature increases and wind speed changes, significantly impact regions on the leeward side of mountain ranges, e.g., by spreading wildfires. Understanding how foehn occurrences change under climate change is crucial. As foehn is a meteorological phenomenon, its prevalence has to be inferred from meteorological measurements employing suitable classification schemes. Hence, this approach is typically limited to specific periods for which the necessary data are available. We present a novel approach for reconstructing historical foehn occurrences using a combination of unsupervised and supervised probabilistic statistical learning methods. We utilise in situ measurements (available for recent decades) to train an unsupervised learner (finite mixture model) for automatic foehn classification. These labelled data are then linked to reanalysis data (covering longer periods) using a supervised learner (lasso or boosting). This allows us to reconstruct past foehn probabilities based solely on reanalysis data. Applying this method to ERA5 reanalysis data for six stations across Switzerland and Austria achieves accurate hourly reconstructions of north and south foehn occurrence, respectively, dating back to 1940. This paves the way for investigating how seasonal foehn patterns have evolved over the past 83 years, providing valuable insights into climate change impacts on these critical wind events.