bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cross-Scale Life Prediction for the High-Speed Train Gearbox Shell Based on the Three-Interval Method
Authors: Ai Yibo , Ma Haonan , Qu Xu , Qian Yuhan , Liu Yue , Zhang Weidong
Published: March 2022

The gearbox shell is a key component of class A of high-speed trains. In engineering applications, the fatigue life prediction of the gearbox shell is a critical issue to be addressed. It is not feasible to obtain fatigue life results for the gearbox shell experimentally because of its long design life, lack of actual failure data, complex structure, high test cost, and material dispersion. Therefore, the cross-scale method was introduced to accurately predict the fatigue life of the gearbox shell. In this study, the entire gearbox shell is divided into two scales of “material structure.” Firstly, the S-N curve is plotted within the material layer, based on the data from the rotating bending fatigue test. Secondly, the finite element model of the gearbox shell is established within the structural layer via the simulation platform. The characteristics and random vibration of the established model are analyzed and presented. Additionally, the first ten-order frequency of modal analysis and power spectral density responses of the gearbox are obtained. The fatigue life of the gearbox shell and the safe running distance of the train are calculated by using the three-interval method and the linear cumulative damage rule, respectively, by combining the fatigue analysis from the material layer with the simulation analysis from the structure layer. Finally, to illustrate the application of the proposed method, a group of small-scale test examples is provided. The proposed method can be used in fatigue life prediction more effectively than the single finite element simulation method.
Application of Decision Tree‐Based Classification Algorithm on Content Marketing
Authors: Liu Yi , Yang Shuo
Published: March 2022

Traditional content marketing methods resort grossly to market requirements but barely obtain relatively accurate marketing prediction under loads of requirements. Machine learning‐based approaches nowadays are widely used in multiple fields as they involve a training process to deal with big data problems. In this paper, decision tree‐based methods are introduced to the field of content marketing, and decision tree‐based methods intrinsically follow the process of human decision making. Specifically, this paper considers a well‐known method, called C4.5, which can deal well with continuous values. Based on four validation metrics, experimental results obtained from several machine learning‐based methods indicate that the C4.5‐based decision tree method has the ability to handle the content marketing dataset. The results show that the decision tree‐based method can provide reasonable and accurate suggestions for content marketing.
Marsdenia tenacissima Extract Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Cells via MIF/mToR Signaling
Authors: Lin Shuai , Sheng Qianwen , Ma Xiaobin , Li Shanli , Xu Peng , Dai Cong , Wang Meng , Kang Huafeng , Dai Zhijun
Published: March 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously endangers humans. In traditional Chinese medicine, Marsdenia tenacissima (MTE) has anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antihypertensive, and anticancer effects. This study reveals the antiproliferative effect of MTE on the HCC cells in vitro and provides a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of anti-HCC agents. Methods. MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to various concentrations and durations of MTE, and an MTT assay was used to detect the effects of MTE on cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the morphological changes in the two cell lines after MTE stimulation. The MTE effects on the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of the cell lines were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect target gene expression at the protein and mRNA levels, respectively. Results. MTE reduced the viability of the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners (

P
<
0.05

). Autophagic vesicles and apoptotic bodies were found in the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells after MTE incubation, and the Annexin V-PI assay showed that the apoptotic rates of the cell lines increased with increasing MTE concentration (

P
<
0.05

). Autophagy inducer rapamycin promoted the MTE-induced apoptotic rates of the cell lines, whereas autophagy inhibitor chloroquine inhibited the apoptotic rates. More cells in the S phase were found in the two cell lines after MTE treatment (

P
<
0.05

). After MTE incubation, MIF, CD47, and beclin-1 protein levels significantly increased. Furthermore, in the MTE group, Akt, mTOR, and caspase3 expressions decreased; however, LC 3 expression increased, which was significantly different from the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. MTE inhibited proliferation and induced autophagy, apoptosis, and S phase cell cycle arrest in the MHCC-97H and HepG2 cells. These effects might be related to the activation of MIF and mTOR signaling inhibition.
Associations between AGT M235T Polymorphism and Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kou Junyan , Huang Jing
Published: March 2022

We assessed the relationship between AGT gene M235T polymorphism and the susceptibility to cancer by performing an updated meta-analysis. This study retrospectively searched related articles in the electronic databases. Afterwards, we determined combined odds ratios (ORs) and related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by the fixed- or random-effects model. The present meta-analysis enrolled altogether 9 articles. On the whole, the relationship between AGT M235T polymorphism and the cancer risk was not significant among the entire population (TT vs. MM: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; TM vs. MM: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; recessive model: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; dominant model: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity, cancer type, and study quality for the relationship between the AGT M235T polymorphism and cancer risk showed no significant association. According to findings in the present meta-analysis, AGT M235T polymorphism may not be related to cancer susceptibility.
Electroacupuncture for Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Tan Jiuqing , Meng Fangqi , Zhang Baobao , Deng Qingwen , Jiao Boyu , Peng Lizhi , Ding Ying , Ruan Jingwen , Zeng Jingchun , Pei Wenya , Lin Guohua
Published: March 2022

Background. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) has a positive effect on motor and sensory function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). This review evaluated the effectiveness of EA for improvement in activities of daily living in patients with SCI. Methods. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases using a search strategy according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions up to 30th September 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of EA in patients with SCI were included. We analyzed the data using RevMan (version 5.3) and graded the quality of evidence using GRADE profiler 3.6.1. Results. This meta-analysis included 10 RCTs with 712 patients. Three studies revealed that the functional independence measure score for SCI patients in the EA group was higher than that in the control group (mean difference [MD] = 13.46, 95% CI: 8.00 to 18.92,

P
<
0.00001

). Five studies showed that the modified Barthel index in the EA group was higher than that in the control group (MD = 6.92, 95% CI: 4.96 to 8.89,

P
<
0.00001

). Five studies showed that the American Spinal Injury Association-motor score (ASIA-motor score) in the EA group was higher than that in the control group (standard MD = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.18,

P
<
0.00001

). Three studies reported the ASIA-tactile and pain scores and also reported that the scores in the EA group were higher than those in the control group, with high homogeneity (tactile I2 = 86%, P = 0.0008; pain I2 = 54%, P = 0.11). The quality of evidence for the use of EA for improvement in motor and sensory function in SCIs was moderate according to the GRADE system. Conclusion. This review suggested that EA improves activities of daily living and motor function in patients with SCI, with a moderate level of evidence.
5G Embedded Sensor Network System for Sports Information Service Hotspot Recommendation
Authors: Wu Zhong , Zhou Chuan
Published: March 2022

How to rationally allocate and integrate existing resources has become the top priority of the development of sports public information services in the transition period, but it is also a weak link in the construction of current social information resources. This article is aimed at studying how to develop sports information service hotspots based on 5G embedded sensor network systems. Methods such as the network structure based on 5G embedded sensors, the Kriging algorithm based on global optimization, and sensor distance measurement are proposed and also conducted experiments on the application of 5G embedded sensor network system in sports information service hotspot recommendation. The results show that people are satisfied with the sports information service of the wireless sensor network, with a maximum score of 9.8, which is suitable for the information provision of sports information services. The development of the times has met the needs of most people.
Frontotemporal Dementia as a Possible Manifestation of Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Qosja Kevin , Absar Nicole M. , Yu Allen T.
Published: March 2022

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is currently defined as a restricted phenotype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease with upper motor neuron (UMN) symptoms that causes slowly progressive spasticity. The diagnostic criteria of this disorder currently do not include any effects on frontal executive or other cortical functioning. We report an 84-year-old woman diagnosed with six years of PLS who also had concurrent symptoms of difficulties in language, anxiety, emotional lability, and executive function. This case, as well as previously reported cases in the literature, is an example that shows the importance of more widespread consideration for PLS in patients with UMN signs and indications of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Increased consideration for PLS would be beneficial for many patients and positively affect treatment, especially since patients live with the disorder for longer periods than ALS.
Differential Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of tRF/tiRNA in Endometriosis Patients
Authors: Li Wang-shu , Li Yi-lin , Cao Rui , Ha Chun-fang , Sun Shu , Yu Lan , Li Jian
Published: March 2022

Background. Endometriosis (EMs) is a benign chronic condition that tends to recur in women of childbearing age, with an incidence of approximately 10%. It is a multifactorial disease for which the pathogenesis is currently unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the expression and clinical significance of tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA), a novel noncoding small RNA with potential regulatory functions, in endometriosis. Methods. The tRF/tiRNA expression profiles in endometrial tissues from three pairs of endometriosis patients and controls were detected by tRF&tiRNA PCR microarray technology and then verified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The target genes and target sites of TRF396, tiRNA‐5030‐GlnTTG‐3, TRF308, and TRF320 were predicted by miRanda, and the network diagram of their interaction with miRNA was drawn. The impact of tRNA‐derived fragments on the pathogenesis of endometriosis was analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results. Two upregulated and 19 downregulated tRNA‐derived fragments were identified. The qRT‐PCR results of 2 upregulated and 2 downregulated RNA‐derived fragments were consistent with the RNA Seq data. The OR2B4 gene related to TRF396, the DGAT1 gene related to tiRNA‐5030‐GlnTTG‐3, the KLF16 gene of TRF308, and the RNF213 gene of TRF320 had significant correlations. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis showed that the target genes of TRF396 and tiRNA‐5030‐GlnTTG‐3 were mainly involved in the intrinsic components of the membrane and the overall composition of the membrane in cell components; molecular functions mainly involve olfactory conduction and G protein‐coupled receptor activity. In the biological process, it was mainly involved in the detection of sensory stimuli. The target genes of TRF308 and TRF320 were mainly involved in the intracellular part; molecular functions are mainly related to DNA binding transcription factor activity and protein binding and mainly related to biological regulation of biological processes. Pathway analysis showed that the RAP1 signaling pathway and the AXON GUIDANCE signaling pathway may participate in the progression of endometriosis. Conclusion. The differential expression of tRF/tiRNA in endometriosis may be related to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Furthermore, tRF/tiRNA may be a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of EMs in the future.
SMAD1 Loss‐of‐Function Variant Responsible for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Wang Zhi , Qiao Xiao-Hui , Xu Ying-Jia , Liu Xing-Yuan , Huang Ri-Tai , Xue Song , Qiu Hai-Yan , Yang Yi-Qing
Published: March 2022

As the most common form of developmental malformation affecting the heart and endothoracic great vessels, congenital heart disease (CHD) confers substantial morbidity and mortality as well as socioeconomic burden on humans globally. Aggregating convincing evidence highlights the genetic origin of CHD, and damaging variations in over 100 genes have been implicated with CHD. Nevertheless, the genetic basis underpinning CHD remains largely elusive. In this study, via whole‐exosome sequencing analysis of a four‐generation family inflicted with autosomal‐dominant CHD, a heterozygous SMAD1 variation, NM_005900.3: c.264C > A; p.(Tyr88∗), was detected and validated by Sanger sequencing analysis to be in cosegregation with CHD in the whole family. The truncating variation was not observed in 362 unrelated healthy volunteers employed as control persons. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay in cultured COS7 cells demonstrated that Tyr88∗‐mutant SMAD1 failed to transactivate the genes TBX20 and NKX2.5, two already well‐established CHD‐causative genes. Additionally, the variation nullified the synergistic transcriptional activation between SMAD1 and MYOCD, another recognized CHD‐causative gene. These data indicate SMAD1 as a new gene responsible for CHD, which provides new insight into the genetic mechanism underlying CHD, suggesting certain significance for genetic risk assessment and precise antenatal prevention of the family members inflicted with CHD.
Obesity as a Thrombogenic and Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Children
Authors: Cominato Louise , Franco Ruth Rocha , Ybarra Marina , Frascino Alexandre Viana , Steinmetz Leandra , Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo , Aivazoglou Carneiro Jorge David , Damiani Durval
Published: March 2022

Background/Aims: Obesity leads to increased risk of thromboembolic events in adults, but few studies have addressed the relationship between obesity and thrombogenic risk during childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prothrombotic state of obese children in comparison with healthy children. Methods: Thrombin generation, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels, along with metabolic parameters, were measured in 72 prepubertal children, of which 47 were obese and 25 eutrophic. Results: A significant increase in thrombin generation, fibrinogen, and dyslipidemia was found among obese patients. Conclusion: A prothrombotic state develops in childhood obesity during the prepubertal phase.
Exacerbated Renal and Hematologic Toxicities to Ifosfamide and Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy in a Patient with Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma Harboring a Germline Mutation in the WRN Gene
Authors: Awni Beatriz Mendes , Holanda Lopes Carlos Diego , Harada Guilherme , Salgues Alessandra Corte Real , França Gilmar de Andrade , Testagrossa Leonardo de Abreu , Queiroz Marcelo Araujo , Gonçalves e Silva Adriano , Ferreira Fabio de Oliveira , Munhoz Rodrigo Ramella
Published: March 2022

Werner’s syndrome is caused by the inactivation of both WRN alleles and is characterized by premature aging and increased risk of neoplasms, especially those of mesenchymal origins, such as sarcomas. Given the characteristic genomic instability, patients with this syndrome are more susceptible to develop toxicities when exposed to cytotoxic agents, such as alkylators and anthracyclines. The impact of the monoallelic WRN mutation on treatment-associated toxicities is poorly understood. Here, we report a patient with locally advanced dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the retroperitoneum harboring a heterozygous germline inactivation mutation in the WRN gene, who was treated with a classic regimen of ifosfamide and doxorubicin and developed exacerbated and prolonged hematological and renal toxicities.
Uveitis after COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Hwang Je Hyung
Published: March 2022

This report describes a case of acute uveitis following COVID-19 vaccination. A 21-year-old patient was referred to our department for decreased visual acuity and injection of the left eye. Two days prior, the patient received her second dose of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech). On ocular examination, her left eye’s best-corrected visual acuity was 20/250, and its intraocular pressure was 16 mm Hg on a noncontact tonometer. Hypopyon, 4+ cells, and flares were observed in the anterior chamber. The patient was diagnosed with acute uveitis. She received topical dexamethasone (0.1%) hourly and systemic prednisone (50 mg/day). After 7 days, her inflammatory symptoms were mostly resolved. COVID-19 vaccination can cause acute anterior uveitis, which is responsive to steroids.
Predicting the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Using the Bone Scan Index and Hot Spots Calculated Using VSBONEⓇ Bone Scan Index from Tc-99m-Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Higashiyama Shigeaki , Yoshida Atsushi , Kawabe Joji
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The bone scan index (BSI) is widely used as a quantitative indicator of bone metastasis, therapeutic effect assessment, and prognosis prediction in prostate cancer. However, the BONE NAVI, which calculates BSI, only supports bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate. We developed the VSBONEⓇ BSI, which calculates BSI from bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the BSI calculated using VSBONEⓇ BSI and hot spots (HS), which indicates the number of abnormal accumulations, are useful prognostic factors for patients with prostate cancer bone metastasis, similar to BONE NAVI. Methods: We analyzed 322 patients who underwent bone scintigraphy for prostate cancer bone metastasis at our hospital. Initial bone scintigraphy was performed using Tc-99m-HMDP. All cases were retrospectively examined for their outcome and time to the final outcome. The results obtained were compared with the BSI and HS calculated using VSBONEⓇ BSI. Results: When the patients were divided into two groups, HS >2 and HS ≤2, the HS ≤2 group had a significantly longer survival time (p < 0.001). In addition, when divided into two groups, BSI >0.46 and BSI ≤0.46, the survival time of the BSI ≦0.46 group was significantly longer (p < 0.001). Conclusion: BSI and HS obtained using VSBONEⓇ BSI may be useful as prognostic predictors, similar to those obtained using BONE NAVI.
Neuromyelitis Optica and Skin
Authors: Misery Laurent , Genestet Steeve , Zagnoli Fabien
Published: March 2022

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and the presence of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Most relapses of neuromyelitis optica worsen over days and then slowly improve in the weeks or months after the maximum clinical deficit has been reached. However, recovery is usually incomplete. The diagnosis of the disease and attacks must be made as early as possible and require emergency treatment. Dermatologists can play a role in achieving this end. Neuropathic pruritus is common and can be used to diagnose neuromyelitis optica. Hence, the association of pruritus with optic neuropathy and some symptoms of transverse myelitis strongly suggest this diagnosis. Many autoimmune diseases can sometimes be associated with neuromyelitis optica. Patients with newly diagnosed skin infections or sexually transmitted diseases need to be informed that these infections could trigger a relapse of neuromyelitis optica.
Beschreibung und Evaluation eines Manuals für Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback bei der somatischen Belastungsstörung
Authors: Klewinghaus Laura , Martin Alexandra
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund: Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback (HRV-BF) zeigt erste Wirksamkeitshinweise bei Depressionen, Angststörungen oder funktionellen somatischen Syndromen. Bei der somatischen Belastungsstörung (SBS) stehen diese noch aus. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine neu entwi­ckelte HRV-BF-Kurzintervention vorzustellen und die HRV detailliert zu analysieren sowie die Anwendbarkeit und Ak­zeptanz bei der SBS zu überprüfen. Methoden: Analysiert wurden hier die Daten der Teilstichprobe einer randomisiert kontrollierten Pilotstudie (22 Personen mit SBS nach DSM-5), die ein HRV-BF über 4 Sitzungen erhielt. Erhoben wurden die HRV (SDNN: “standard deviation of the NN interval”, RMSSD: “root mean square of successive differences between NN interval”, LF: “low frequency”), die Bewertung und Akzeptanz der Intervention auf subjektiver Ebene. Ergebnisse: HRV-Analysen innerhalb der Therapiesitzungen zeigten, dass die Personen lernten, ihre HRV signifikant während der Biofeedbackeinheiten zu erhöhen und diese in Selbstregulationsphasen ohne Feedback aufrechtzuerhalten (SDNN, RMSSD, LF: 5,7 ≤ Ft ≤ 11,1). Zudem zeigte sich eine Verbesserung der HRV über die Sitzungen hinweg (SDNN). Die Intervention wurde durch die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer*innen sehr positiv bewertet (u.a. Zufriedenheit, Verbesserung der Stimmung und des körperlichen Befindens). Schlussfolgerungen: HRV-BF kann in 4 Sitzungen gut erlernt werden und zeigt positive Effekte bei Patient*innen mit SBS. Die Hinzunahme des HRV-BF zu bestehenden Interventionen, z.B. Psychotherapie, scheint vielversprechend.
Circ_0037866 Contributes to the Tumorigenesis of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Sequestering miR-384 to Elevate Chromobox 5 Expression
Authors: Shi Xiaoqiang , Song Shichao , Gao Ying , Cui Zhenyu , Wang Wentao , Liu Mingkai
Published: March 2022

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were demonstrated to have roles in the carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hence, this work aimed to determine the functions and molecular mechanism of circ_0037866 in regulating the progression of RCC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the levels of genes and proteins. In vitro assays, including colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, transwell assays, and in vivo tumor formation, were conducted to investigate the effects of circ_0037866 on RCC tumorigenesis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-384 and circ_0037866 or Chromobox 5 (CBX5). Results: Circ_0037866 is a stable circRNA and was found to be increased in RCC tissues and cells. Functionally, circ_0037866 silencing suppressed RCC cell survival, invasion, and migration in vitro, and impeded RCC cell tumorigenesis in the subcutaneous xenograft model. Mechanistically, circ_0037866 could function as a sponge for miR-384 to elevate the expression of its target CBX5. Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments showed that miR-384 inhibition reversed the anticancer effects of circ_0037866 knockdown on RCC cells; besides that, miR-384 restoration suppressed RCC cell growth and mobility, which were attenuated by CBX5 overexpression. Conclusion: Circ_0037866 knockdown restrains the tumorigenesis of RCC by miR-384/CBX5, revealing a promising molecular target for RCC therapy.
Guided Needle Aspirations of Intra-Abdominal Masses: Analogy between Liquid-Based and Conventional Smear Preparation Methods
Authors: Agrahari Rinki , Agarwal Preeti , Bhalla Shalini , Anand Akshya , Akhtar Naseem , Parihar Anit , Sonkar Abhinav Arun , Goel Madhu Mati
Published: March 2022

Objective: Image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with conventional smear (CS) preparation offers onsite cellular adequacy evaluation; however, it still provides false negatives due to faulty smear preparations. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) can be advantageous in these scenarios. Hence, with an aim to investigate utility of LBC in these samples, we carried out the above study with objectives to find diagnostic accuracy of LBC and agreement of LBC with CS methods in guided aspiration samples from intra-abdominal masses. Methods: A prospective observational study, of 113 patients with clinical or radiological diagnosis of intra-abdominal masses, was carried out. SurePath BD™ was used for LBC smear preparation, and the standard protocol was used for CS preparation. Results: LBC alone was diagnostic in 80.8% of the cases, and CS alone was diagnostic in 71.2% cases (agreement was 83.7%, p = 0.03). Cellular morphology was better preserved in LBC; however, interpretation was easier in CS. Conclusion: CS may be complimented with LBC sample collection method to enhance the sensitivity of intra-abdominal FNA.
Research Progress of Collapse Response Mediator Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Qin Kun , Xu Shaoye , Han Yu , Wang Songhao , Yan Jianguo , Shao Xiaoyun
Published: March 2022

Collapse response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of cytoplasmic phosphorylated proteins, and the mechanism of action has always been the research focus of neurological diseases. Previous studies on the CRMPs family have revealed that CRMPs mediate the growth and development of neuronal cytoskeleton through different signaling pathways in the body. It plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinocerebellar ataxia, which has attracted the attention of researchers. This article reviews the recent literature on the biological characteristics and mechanisms of CRMPs in different neurodegenerative diseases.
Successful in vivo Transplantation of Cultured and Enriched Testicular Germ Cells of Pre-Pubertal Bucks to Busulfan-Treated Homologous Recipients
Authors: Singh Shiva P. , Kharche Suresh D. , Soni Yogesh K. , Pathak Manisha , Ranjan Ravi , Majhi Sullip K. , Pawaiya Rajveer S. , Singh Manoj K. , Chauhan Manmohan S.
Published: March 2022

The objective of the present study was to establish a workable approach for the production of germ cell (GC)-depleted recipient goat model using intra-testicular busulfan treatment and transplantation of cultured and enriched caprine-male GC (cmGCs) into the homologous recipients under ultrasonography (USG) guidance. The evaluation of post-transplantation colonization of donor cmGCs and restoration of the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules (ST) was performed. For this, the cmGCs of pre-pubertal male goats were isolated and enriched by differential platting for culture until the third passage. Thereafter, cells were harvested and further enriched by magnetic-activated cell sorting using rabbit-anti-CD90 antibody. After confirmation of metabolic viability (MTT-assay) and cluster-forming ability (crystal violet staining) of CD90+ cmGCs, the cells were labeled with a lipophilic red-fluorescent dye (PKH26) before transplanted into the recipient male goats by injection directly into the mediastinum testes under USG guidance. The colonization and repopulation of transplanted CD90+ cmGCs into the recipient ST was observed up to 8 weeks post-transplantation. The PKH26-labeled donor cell-derived colonies were identified in enzymatically digested ST and cryosections of recipient testes. Moreover, histochemical analyses revealed the restoration of the normal architecture of ST of recipient testis after GC transplantation. Therefore, the results suggest that the reproductive competence of infertile animals can be restored through mGC therapy and thus the methodology presented herein could be useful to obtain donor mGCs-derived functional male gametes in the recipient animal testis.
Improving Stroke Care in Bhutan
Authors: Yangchen Yangchen , Tenzin Tashi , Rai Nar Bahadur , Yangzom Sonam , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
Published: March 2022

Developing nations face the double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Bhutan is a developing country and has achieved significant milestones in its health indicators. Increasing burden of stroke and the lack of evidence-based stroke care system in the country’s hospitals are proving to be a challenge to provide quality stroke care. Despite the logistical challenge of referring stroke patients on time, lack of trained health care professionals and resources, Bhutan has recently started various initiatives to improve stroke care with the help of WHO-SEARO, WHO-Geneva, and Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India.
Rituximab and Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Follicular Lymphoma: Real-World Report of Polish Lymphoma Research Group
Authors: Paszkiewicz-Kozik Ewa , Debowska Malgorzata , Jakacka Natalia , Kotarska Martyna , Szymanski Marcin , Wisniewski Kamil , Konska Agnieszka , Jarzembowska Malgorzata , Drozd-Sokolowska Joanna , Romejko-Jarosinska Joanna , Szumera-Cieckiewicz Anna , Rymkiewicz Grzegorz , Ziarkiewicz-Wroblewska Bogna , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Walewski Jan , Hus Iwona
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common type of indolent B-cell lymphoma with a favorable prognosis in the majority of patients. The induction treatment is still based on rituximab and chemotherapy, though new anti-CD20 antibody and chemo-free regimen have been recently introduced. The aim of the study was to analyze the management, outcomes, and determinants of prognosis of newly diagnosed patients with FL in real-world experience. Methods: Data of consecutive patients diagnosed with FL in 5 years period (2011–2015) in three oncohematological centers were reviewed. Variables were compared using Mann-Whitney or χ2 test as appropriate, survival outpoints were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: One hundred eighty-one patients were included in the study. The median patients’ age at diagnosis was 56.6 years. Low histological grade (G1–G2) was found in 62.1% of patients and advanced clinical stage in 77.0% of patients. ECOG 0 performance status was observed in 57.1% of patients. The median follow-up was 5.91 years. Initially, 31.5% of the patients were qualified to watch-and-wait (W&W) strategy, and 84.0% of the whole patients’ group received systemic treatment during the observation period. As induction treatment, 53.9% and 41.4% of patients received RCVP and RCHOP regimens, respectively; 39.8% received rituximab maintenance (RM) after first-line therapy. During follow-up, transformation to aggressive lymphoma occurred in 7.2% of patients. Median overall survival (OS) was not achieved, and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.28 years (95% CI; 7.35, NA), 19.6% of patients relapsed during 24 months from the start of the treatment (POD24). Median PFS for POD24 group was 1.1 years (95% CI; 0.56, 1.45) with a median OS longer than 8 years. ECOG 0, low PRIMA PI, and no POD24 were found as determinants of longer PFS and OS. Conclusions: Our data from clinical practice showed that rituximab and chemotherapy is still an effective method of FL treatment resulting in survival more than 8 years from diagnosis in most patients. RCVP protocol followed with RM is a reasonable choice for the first-line therapy especially in low/intermediate group of patients. The prognosis was significantly worse in patients with POD24. Therefore, searching for precise initial clinical and biological markers is warranted and development therapies to improve prognosis of POD24 patients.
Risk Stratification by Cross-Classification of Central and Brachial Systolic Blood Pressure
Authors: Cheng Yi-Bang , Thijs Lutgarde , Aparicio Lucas S. , Huang Qi-Fang , Wei Fang-Fei , Yu Yu-Ling , Barochiner Jessica , Sheng Chang-Sheng , Yang Wen-Yi , Niiranen Teemu J. , Boggia José , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Stolarz-Skrzypek Katarzyna , Gilis-Malinowska Natasza , Tikhonoff Valérie , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Casiglia Edoardo , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Filipovský Jan , Kawecka-Jaszcz Kalina , Wang Ji-Guang , Li Yan , Staessen Jan A. ,   the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background:

Whether cardiovascular risk is more tightly associated with central (cSBP) than brachial (bSBP) systolic pressure remains debated, because of their close correlation and uncertain thresholds to differentiate cSBP into normotension versus hypertension.

Methods:

In a person-level meta-analysis of the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (n=5576; 54.1% women; mean age 54.2 years), outcome-driven thresholds for cSBP were determined and whether the cross-classification of cSBP and bSBP improved risk stratification was explored. cSBP was tonometrically estimated from the radial pulse wave using SphygmoCor software.

Results:

Over 4.1 years (median), 255 composite cardiovascular end points occurred. In multivariable bootstrapped analyses, cSBP thresholds (in mm Hg) of 110.5 (95% CI, 109.1–111.8), 120.2 (119.4–121.0), 130.0 (129.6–130.3), and 149.5 (148.4–150.5) generated 5-year cardiovascular risks equivalent to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association bSBP thresholds of 120, 130, 140, and 160. Applying 120/130 mm Hg as cSBP/bSBP thresholds delineated concordant central and brachial normotension (43.1%) and hypertension (48.2%) versus isolated brachial hypertension (5.0%) and isolated central hypertension (3.7%). With concordant normotension as reference, the multivariable hazard ratios for the cardiovascular end point were 1.30 (95% CI, 0.58–2.94) for isolated brachial hypertension, 2.28 (1.21–4.30) for isolated central hypertension, and 2.02 (1.41–2.91) for concordant hypertension. The increased cardiovascular risk associated with isolated central and concordant hypertension was paralleled by cerebrovascular end points with hazard ratios of 3.71 (1.37–10.06) and 2.60 (1.35–5.00), respectively.

Conclusions:

Irrespective of the brachial blood pressure status, central hypertension increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk indicating the importance of controlling central hypertension.
Associations of High‐Sensitivity Troponin and Natriuretic Peptide Levels With Serious Adverse Events in SPRINT
Authors: Ascher Simon B. , Scherzer Rebecca , de Lemos Jame A. , Estrella Michelle M. , Jotwani Vasantha K. , Garimella Pranav S. , Bullen Alexander L. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Nambi Vijay , Killeen Anthony A. , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G. , Berry Jarett D.
Published: March 2022

Background

Assessing the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) during hypertension treatment is important for understanding the benefit‐harm trade‐offs of lower blood pressure goals. It is unknown whether high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) provide information about SAEs.

Methods and Results

In SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP were measured at baseline in 8828 (94.3%) and 8836 (94.4%) participants, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP associations with a composite of SPRINT’s SAEs of interest: hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, acute kidney injury, electrolyte abnormalities, and injurious falls. Elevations in hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP were associated with increased composite SAE risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 2‐fold higher hs‐cTnT: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06‒1.25; HR per 2‐fold higher NT‐proBNP: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05‒1.14). Compared with both hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP in the lower tertiles, both biomarkers in the highest tertile was associated with increased composite SAE risk (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.32‒1.84). Composite SAE risk was higher in the intensive‐treatment group than in the standard‐treatment group for participants with both biomarkers in the lower tertiles, but similar between treatment groups for participants with both biomarkers in the highest tertile (
P
for interaction=0.008).

Conclusions

Elevations in hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP individually and in combination are associated with higher composite SAE risk in SPRINT. The differential impact of blood pressure treatment on SAE risk across combined biomarker categories may have implications for identifying individuals with more favorable benefit‐harm profiles for intensive blood pressure lowering.
Racial Disparities in Ion Channelopathies and Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Chahine Mohamed , Fontaine John M. , Boutjdir Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the most common cause of death worldwide, and cardiac arrhythmias account for approximately one half of these deaths. The morbidity and mortality from CVD have been reduced significantly over the past few decades; however, disparities in racial or ethnic populations still exist. This review is based on available literature to date and focuses on known cardiac channelopathies and other inherited disorders associated with sudden cardiac death in African American/Black subjects and the role of epigenetics in phenotypic manifestations of CVD, and illustrates existing disparities in treatment and outcomes. The review also highlights the knowledge gaps that limit understanding of the manifestation of phenotypic abnormalities across racial or ethnic groups and discusses disparities associated with device underuse in the management of patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. We discuss factors related to reports in the United States, that the overall mortality attributed to CVD and the number of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests are higher among African American/Black subjects when compared with other racial or ethnic groups. African American/Black subjects are disproportionally affected by CVD, including cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, thus highlighting a major concern in this population that remains underrepresented in clinical trials with limited genetic testing and device underuse. The proposed solutions include (1) early identification of genetic variants, which is crucial in tailoring a preventive management strategy; (2) inclusion of diverse racial or ethnic groups in clinical trials; (3) compliance with guideline‐directed medical treatment and referral to cardiovascular subspecialists; and (4) training and mentoring of underrepresented junior faculty in cardiovascular health disparities research.
Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States and Japan: A Report From Joint Data Harmonization Initiative of STS/ACC TVT and J‐TVT
Authors: Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Kohsaka Shun , Shimamura Kazuo , Stebbins Amanda , Kumamaru Hiraku , Nelson Adam J. , Kosinski Andrzej , Maeda Koichi , Bavaria Joseph E. , Saito Shigeru , Reardon Michael J. , Kuratani Toru , Popma Jeffrey J. , Inohara Taku , Thourani Vinod H. , Carroll John D. , Shimizu Hideyuki , Takayama Morimasa , Leon Martin B. , Mack Michael J. , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: March 2022

Background

The practice pattern and outcome of medical devices following their regulatory approval may differ by country. The aim of this study is to compare postapproval national clinical registry data on transcatheter aortic valve replacement between the United States and Japan on patient characteristics, periprocedural outcomes, and the variability of outcomes as a part of a partnership program (Harmonization‐by‐Doing) between the 2 countries.

Methods and Results

The patient‐level data were extracted from the US Society of Thoracic Surgeons /American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) and the J‐TVT (Japanese Transcatheter Valvular Therapy) registry, respectively, to analyze transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes between 2013 and 2019. Data entry for these registries was mandated by the federal regulators, and the majority of variable definitions were harmonized to allow direct data comparison. A total of 244 722 transcatheter aortic valve replacements from 646 institutions in the United States and 26 673 transcatheter aortic valve replacements from 171 institutions in Japan were analyzed. Median volume per site was 65 (interquartile range, 45–97) in the United States and 28 (interquartile range, 19–41) in Japan. Overall, patients in J‐TVT were older (United States: mean‐age, 80.1±8.7 versus Japan: 84.4±5.2;
P
<0.001), were more frequently women (45.9% versus 68.1%;
P
<0.001), and had higher median Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (5.27% versus 6.20%;
P
<0.001) than patients in the United States. Japan had lower unadjusted 30‐day mortality (1.3% versus 3.2%;
P
<0.001) and composite outcomes of death, stroke, and bleeding (17.5 versus 22.5%;
P
<0.001) but had higher conversion to open surgery (0.94% versus 0.56%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

This collaborative analysis between the United States and Japan demonstrated the feasibility of international comparison using the national registries coded under mutual variable definitions. Both countries obtained excellent outcomes, although the Japanese had lower 30‐day mortality and major morbidity. Harmonization‐by‐Doing is one of the key steps needed to build global‐level learning to improve patient outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Knowledge of Concepts of Pollination and Bee Pollinators Among Elementary School Students
Authors: Stanisavljević Jelena D. , Mijakovac Milena M. , Sumatokhin Sergey V. , Stanisavljević Ljubiša Ž.
Published: March 2022

Contemporary biology education is rich with important content for human society, such as concepts related to pollination and pollinators. Comparative analysis of the knowledge about concepts of pollination and bee pollinators between elementary school students from Serbia and Russia was performed. This research aimed to determine which aspects of pollination students know and how do they understand the role of bees in this process. It also assessed students’ knowledge about the pollinators’ decline factors by using a questionnaire. Most students knew the definition of pollination and that bees are the most effective insect pollinators. Russian students had a greater scope of knowledge about the concepts of pollination and bee pollinators than did Serbian students. Students did not recognize that modern agriculture and climate change are causes of pollinator declines. Concepts of ecosystem services, bee diversity, and pollinator decline need to be added to the curriculum.
Putting African Communitarian Values to the Test during a Pandemic
Authors: Inusah Husein
Published: March 2022

Some African scholars have challenged the idea that African societies are still communitarian largely due to urbanisation and cosmopolitanism. Using Ghana as a case study, this essay aims to address this protest by analysing the speeches of the president of Ghana and some of the attitudes and behaviours of Ghanaians during the lockdown days of the COVID 19 pandemic in Ghana to test African communitarian status. The essay deploys the ideological analysis method of rhetorical criticism to examine and analyse the speeches of the president of Ghana on updates to the enhanced responses to the COVID 19 pandemic and content analysis of newspapers and online news portals to analyse the attitudes and behaviours of Ghanaians during the lockdown days of the pandemic. It is observed that the speeches of the president and some of the attitudes of Ghanaians during the lockdown inherently lean toward and are consistent with African communitarianism rather than hard-core liberalism and collectivism.
Exploring the Origins and Expansion of the Nyaminyami (Water Spirit) Belief Systems among the BaTonga People of Northwestern Zimbabwe
Authors: Matanzima Joshua
Published: March 2022

Water spirits are an integral part of African traditional religious beliefs and ritual practices. Like many other African traditional religious practices and beliefs, water spirit beliefs are characterized by complex ‘myths’ surrounding their origins. In that regard, this paper explores the origins and expansion of the Nyaminyami (water spirit,) beliefs prevalent among some BaTonga people of northwestern Zimbabwe. It argues that these beliefs were exotic to the BaTonga people. In so doing, it substantiates the assumption by Elizabeth Colson and Thayer Scudder that Nyaminyami was a foreign idea to the BaTonga people. This study brings in new contemporary evidence to substantiate and extend this diffusionist perspective. It provides evidence from ethnographic research conducted among the BaTonga and Shangwe-speaking peoples living in the immediate vicinity of the Kariba Gorge area from April to November 2017. This study also rests on the wider scholarship on water divinities in Africa that explains the emergence of water divinities in different societies through diffusion of ideas. The study further examines the ways by which the cultural borrowing may have occurred, as well as the period and the extent to which the diffusion of ideas occurred, based on the ethnographic evidence.
‘A New Book according to the Syllables’: Organizing Scripture in Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Ward H. Clifton
Published: March 2022

The work of classicists in recent years have shown the creative means by which readers organized knowledge textually within the Roman Empire. In the sixth book of his Stromateis, Clement of Alexandria reflects on a passage from the Shepherd of Hermas that contrasts reading ‘according to the letter’ and ‘according to the syllables’ to interpret Isaiah 8:1–2 on the composition of a ‘new book.’ In this article, I take this passage as a springboard to analyze the grammatical and rhetorical features – hinted subtly in these two passages – that Clement adapted for organizing the knowledge he believes Scripture to transmit. I argue that Clement employs a form of archival thinking to transfer the skills of grammarians and rhetoricians to the hermeneutics of Christian Scripture. This ‘grammatical archive’ and ‘memorial archive’ form the structures to Clement’s craft of thinking, which is ultimately expressed in the construction of textual constellations that aid in understanding the plain sense of the Scriptures and their subject matter.
Syriac samminē (pl) ‘Pomace (?)’ and an Akkadian Cognate
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael
Published: March 2022

The word samminē (pl) appears to be a hapax legomenon in Syriac, being attested only in Mēmrā 10 ‘On Stephen’ of Narsai (d. ca. 500), where it seems to refer to grapes and perhaps, more specifically, to pomace. Though the available manuscripts are unanimous in transmitting samminē (pl), Brockelmann emended the word to yasminē ‘jasmine’. This emendation is, however, contextually difficult. In addition, a possible cognate to Syriac samminē (pl) is to be found in Akkadian sammīnu, which occurs in lists of foodstuffs in several Old Babylonian letters as well as in the Uruanna plant list. The Akkadian cognate, which has not previously been noted in the Syriac lexicographical literature, all but assures that samminē (pl) is a genuine Syriac word.