bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hardness of Needle-Sealing Surface of Pintle Nozzle on Cavitation Erosion
Authors: Wo Heng Zhou , Zhang Ya Fang , Hu Xian Guo , Xu Yu Fu
Published: October 2011

Nozzle is one of key parts in the diesel engine. The cavitation erosion of needle-sealing surface in the pintle nozzle has important influence on the fuel atomization, combustion and power performance of diesel engine. In order to investigate the effect of hardness of needle-sealing surface on cavitation erosion, two kinds of nozzles were selected and operated in S195 diesel engine for 10 hours. One nozzle is heat-treated one which has lower surface hardness; the other with higher surface hardness is real commercial nozzle. The surface appearances of original and operated nozzle-sealing surface were observed by SEM. It was found that the cavitation erosion on the seal surface of nozzle with lower hardness was severer than that of nozzle with higher hardness. However, their wear ways and formations are similar.
The Application of EMD and Genetic Neural Network Algorithm to the Dynamic Weighing System for Loader
Authors: Liu Qin Xian , Lv Wei , Bao Wei Bing
Published: October 2011

The output signal of pressure sensor installed in the dynamic weighing system for loader contains strong vibration, noise, nonlinear signal. The accuracy of the dynamic weighing system is closely related to the pressure signal. An empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is proposed to preprocessing the signal contaminated. The real weighing signal is filtered out. a new method based on neural network is used to predicate the nonlinear output. in order to solve the problem that it was easily to sink into the partial minimum , the genetic algorithm was put forward .The emulation analysis and the results show that by using the above method, measure precision within 1% can be obtained.
The Design of Ship Course Intelligent Controller Based on Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Interference System
Authors: Hu Guan Shan , Xiao Hai Rong
Published: October 2011

Under the condition that the nonlinearity of ship steering model is considered and the assumption that the parameters of the model are uncertain, we proposed an adaptive control algorithm for ship course nonlinear system by incorporating the technique of neural network and fuzzy logic system. In the paper, we presented the structure and characteristics of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS), established the ship course controller, and realized an online learning algorithm to do online parameter estimation. We utilize fuzzy logic to solve the uncertainty problem of control system, neural network to optimize the controller parameters. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, simulation results are presented at the end of this paper. The experiment shows that the ANFIS controller can achieve high performance control under parameter perturbation and other disturbances.
The Research and Application of Web Service Bridge Technology in Remote Web Service Invocation Based on ASP.NET AJAX
Authors: Guo Gui Li , Ran Chong Shan
Published: October 2011

In this paper, we used web Service Bridge to solve the ASP.NET AJAX client cannot directly invoke the remote web service problem caused by the security restrictions of JavaScript. Web Service Bridge makes the AJAX client invoke the remote web services as if it invokes the local web services by defining the local service proxy for remote web service in XML declaration. The example demonstrates that, compared to the traditional method of programming local service proxy, web Service Bridge is more convenient and efficient to implement a large number of remote web service invocations in Mushup application.
The Research on Railway Luggage & Package Shipping Plan Based on Service Network
Authors: Zheng Jin Zi , Liu Jun
Published: October 2011

Due to the particularity of railway luggage & package shipping organization and large requirement of luggage & package shipping, the problem of making luggage & package shipping plan is increasingly complex. In order to improve the efficiency of making luggage & package shipping plan and assist human work, this paper mainly discusses how to optimize the plan. Based on analyzing the characteristic of luggage & package shipping, this paper analyzes lots of factors that affects the rationality of the plan and establishes an optimization model with the objective of minimizing general cost based on service network, and then develops a Heuristic Algorithm. At last, the application of service network design model for luggage & package shipping and its solution approach are illustrated with the case.
The Research on Test Automation Based on the Window Application Software
Authors: Ren Jian Ping , Zhao Mei Hong
Published: October 2011

In order to implement software automated test on the application of .NET form class, in this paper, we propose a program that builds resources platforms for under test programs, just like software structure information store and common window widgets test case library. It takes white-box method for the test model, with the use of SQL Server databases. The program executes cover tests on those common interaction widgets easy to result in exceptions for Windows applications. At the same time, it gets attributes information of the window widgets. Then it achieves automatic generation of test cases, and imports them into Excel. Based on the related software information generated above, the program will complete the test automatically, and give the test analysis report to improve the efficiency of software testing.
A Word Sense Disambiguation Method Based on Reconstruction of Context by Correlation
Authors: Fan Xin Hua , Zhang Bing Jun , Zhou Dong
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a word sense disambiguation method by reconstructing the context using the correlation between words. Firstly, we figure out the relevance between words though the statistical quantity(co-occurrence frequency , the average distance and the information entropy) from the corpus. Secondly, we see the words that have lager correlation value between ambiguous word than other words in the context as the important words, and use this kind of words to reconstruct the context, then we use the reconstructed context as the new context of the ambiguous words .In the end, we use the method of the sememe co-occurrence data[10] for word sense disambiguation. The experimental results have proved the feasibility of this method.
An Algorithm Research of Terminal Key Generation for Mobile Payment
Authors: Gu Peng Sheng , He Jia Ming , Fan Ling Hui
Published: October 2011

For the limited calculation of mobile device, the difficulty of finding big prime number and the complexity of RSA exponential modular computation, this paper proposes a modified algorithm to find prime numbers in the RSA algorithm. It modifies the method of random numbers generation to improve the efficiency of pre-screening algorithm. To reduce the terminal calculation and accelerate the speed of key-pair generation, it transfers the most time-consuming operation of big prime number modular exponentiation to the servers. Based on the key-pair generation algorithm, this paper finally proposes a terminal registration scheme of mobile payment.
Blind Source Separation Method Based on Pseudo-Random Code
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li San Cai
Published: October 2011

According to pseudo noise communication and related characteristics of pseudo-random code, this paper proposed a blind source separation method. The method can separate the different pseudo-code sequence from the pseudo-code wide frequency signal. The method can quickly and accurately isolate and identify the pseudo–code feature of different user, to get the user’s voice or data information, which has good application prospects.
Design of Embedded Bio-Impedance Analyzer Based on Digital Auto Balancing Bridge Method
Authors: Li Nan , Guo Jing , Nie Hong Shan , Yi Wei , Liu Hai Jun , Xu Hui
Published: October 2011

This paper presented the design of a novel embedded bio-impedance analyzer based on digital auto-balancing bridge method. The hardware architecture of the system mainly consists of FPGA, ADC, DACs, USB controller and so on. Many DSP algorithms such as direct digital synthesis, digital phase sensitive demodulation, digital modulation and digital filter were implemented in FPGA to realize the auto balancing function of the bridge circuit. Simulation results show that the system has good performance from low frequency up to 10 MHz. For the advantages of cost-efficient and high stability, it is suitable for BIA application.
Development and Application of CHANSIGNAL Signal Timing Software System
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhou Ji Biao , Sun Juan
Published: October 2011

Considering the mixed traffic flow of current urban traffic condition in our country, the paper develops the CHANSIGNAL signal timing system based on the improved TRRL signal timing model. Through simulation analysis and case verification, the system presents the advantages of high accuracy, calculating speed in signal timing for intersection. The system significantly improves the traffic operating condition, which proves the system’s validity and practicality.
A Image Segmentation Method of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm for the Manipulator Self-Recognition Target
Authors: Hou Yuan Bin , Meng Yang , Mao Jin Bo
Published: October 2011

According to the requirements of efficient image segmentation for the manipulator self-recognition target, a method of image segmentation based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed in the paper. In order to avoid segmentation errors by local optimal solution and the stagnation of convergence, ant colony algorithm combined with immune algorithm are taken to traversing the whole image, which uses pheromone as standard. Further, immunization selection through vaccination optimizes the heuristic information, then it improves the efficiency of ergodic process, and shortens the time of segmentation effectively. Simulation and experimental of image segmentation result shows that this algorithm can get better effect than generic ant colony algorithm, at the same condition, segmentation time is shortened by 6.8%.
Degree-Based Sampling Method with Partition-Based Subgraph Finder for Larger Motif Detection
Authors: Zhou Jia Ji , Kong De Sheng , He Jie Yue
Published: October 2011

Network motifs are subnetworks that appear in the network far more frequently than in randomized networks. They have gathered much attention for uncovering structural design principles of complex networks. One of the previous approaches for motif detection is sampling method, in- troduced to perform the computational challenging task. However, it suﬀers from sampling bias and probability assignment. In addition, subgraph search, being very time-consuming, is a critical process in motif detection as we need to enumerate subgraphs of given sizes in the original input graph and an ensemble of random generated graphs. Therefore, we present a Degree-based Sampling Method with Partition-based Subgraph Finder for larger motif detection. Inspired by the intrinsic feature of real biological networks, Degree-based Sampling is a new solution for probability assignment based on degree. And, Partition-based Subgraph Finder takes its inspiration from the idea of partition, which improves computational eﬃciency and lowers space consumption. Experimental study on UETZ and E.COLI data set shows that the proposed method achieves more accuracy and eﬃciency than previous methods and scales better with increasing subgraph size.
Multiresolution Non-Local Mean Filter for Infrared Dim and Small Target Background Suppression
Authors: Li Jia , Chang Juan , Qin Han Lin
Published: October 2011

Structured clouds and ground building background suppression are difficult problems for dim and small target detection technique. In this paper, the dim and small target background suppression method based on combined curvelet transform with modified non-local means filter was presented to solve the problem. And local gradient statistics is introduced to boost ability of method which suppresses false by background structure. The innovation was that the curvelet transform was adopted to decompose the input infrared image, which extracts multi-scale and directional detail features of the image. Moreover non-local means filter improved by local gradient characteristic was introduced to suppress background details and enhance target information for suppression background. Compared with two-dimensional least mean square (TDLMS) and modified partial differential equation (MPDE) methods, through visual quality and value index, several groups of experimental results demonstrate that the presented method can suppress complicated background in dim and small target image effectively.
Optimization of Adaptive Co-Ordination Based on Interaction Prediction Approach
Authors: Wang Biao , Wang Chang Qing , Ru Feng
Published: October 2011

For parameters don't fully know big system optimization problems, establish adaptive co-ordination optimization control system, applying interaction prediction approach (IPA), will be predicted interaction output as coordination variables, with given objective optimal criteria in comparison, for this variable iteration calculations, make its eventually become the optimization of satisfying the objective optimization criterion, and can obtain corresponding to this optimization output system optimal control. This method compared with correlation decoupling method, only to meet the control number greater than or equal to the output number conditions, can be directly object-oriented feasibility coordination optimization methods.
Performance Comparison of Neighborhood Based Broadcasting Methods in MANETs
Authors: Qin Ke , Li Zhi Yuan
Published: October 2011

Neighborhood based broadcasting methods for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is a kind of simple and efficient broadcasting methods. Many neighborhood based broadcasting methods have been proposed in recent years, but there has been no comparison. How to select an appropriate broadcasting method is still a problem. The performances of three typical neighborhood based broadcasting methods (Flooding with Self Pruning, Scalable Broadcasting Approach and Ad Hoc Broadcast Protocol) were compared using Qualnet. Various scenarios with different network load and mobility were designed to evaluate these three methods. Delivery rate of packets, the number of rebroadcasting nodes and end-to-end delay were considered as the performance measures. The comparison charts show that Ad Hoc Broadcast Protocol is a good choice for the heavy load MANETs with low mobility, and Scalable Broadcasting Approach is more appropriate to the high mobility MANETs. The results can give a reference for the practical construction of MANETs.
Reliability Analysis of Factors Affecting Gas Pipeline Operational Condition
Authors: Zhang Zhi Xia , Wu Di
Published: October 2011

The safety of the pipeline in use is tightly linked with the resident life and belongings. Reliable structural integrity and safety of gas pipelines under various service pressure events including defects should be warily evaluated. The reliability evaluation of gas pipelines is necessary to prevent risk. In this paper, Markov chain Monte Carlo is proposed to analyze the reliability of factors affecting gas pipeline operational condition in consideration of the character of historical data, the calculating processes of reliability prediction are provided in view of performance degradation characteristics of the factors.This paper takes corrosion as important factor affecting pipeline operation for example, calculates the reliability indexes of gas pipeline, studies the relation of failure rate and length/depth of corrosion pit ,operation time,etc. seeks weak links of system, and brings forward concrete and reliable measures to improve system reliability.
Research of Curve-Fitting on RIA Dosage Reaction
Authors: Chu Yan , Wang Hai Guang , Deng Chun Hua , Shao Yan
Published: October 2011

This article, aiming at the problem of simulating a RIA (radioimmunoassay analysis) curve by function, analyzes the difference among four common fitting methods used to solve it. The methods include Log-Logit transform method, 3/2-time equation method, Spline function method and four-parameter Logistic curve method. We Make comparisons of different fitting methods by using FM-200 series gamma immune counter test a same set of standard sample and get a conclusion that four-parameter Logistic fitting method is the ideal one.
Research on Conversion from UML Activity Diagram to Procedure Blueprint
Authors: Liu Jian Bin , Li Tie Qiang
Published: October 2011

UML, as an international standard, is not suitable for static modeling of the program procedure. While Procedure Blueprint is a visual process modeling language and is suitable for modeling the procedure, which can supplement the UML deficiencies during the process of modeling the program static structure. In this paper, taking XMI as a common data structure and a data exchange bridge, proposed the general transformation idea, the transformation rules and the transformation algorithm from activity diagram to the procedure blueprint. This has laid the foundations for achieving the model transformation at last.
Research on MANET Routing Algorithm Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Ju Yong Feng , Chen Hui
Published: October 2011

This paper proposed a new Ad Hoc dynamic routing algorithm, which based on ant-colony algorithm in order to reasonably extend the dynamic allocation of network traffic and network lifetime. The Algorithm choose path according transmission latency, path of the energy rate, congestion rate, dynamic rate. The Algorithm update the routing table by dynamic collection of path information after path established. The analyse shows that algorithm increases the network throughput, reduces the average end-to-end packet transmission latency, and extends the network lifetime, achieves an improving performance.
Research on MATLAB Programming Efficiency
Authors: Xiao Mei , Liu Guo Hua
Published: October 2011

MATLAB is a powerful tool for data processing. This paper focused on how to enhance the efficiency of scientific computation in seismic data processing by improving the traditional MATLAB programming code. Some examples were presented to demonstrate the advantage of vector addressing over the traditional scalar addressing. Vector addressing programming can simplify the code significantly, and can it also improve the compiling efficiency and executing efficiency of the code. The other examples were given to illustrate the use of the colon and some special values that can improve the MATLAB programming efficiency. Some issues in this paper can also serve as guidelines for professionals in other disciplines.
Research on the Semantic of Computer Programming Problem Based on Ontology
Authors: Wang Ying , Cheng Yu Qiang , Shi Ji Hui
Published: October 2011

Semantic representation problems of computer programming questions are very common in computer contests. Ontology-based method can help to express the metadata and formalize the computer programming questions. Therefore, this method can make people who are tested more clearly to the semantics. This work can provide basis for the future research.
Research on Virtual Assembly Platform Realization Technology of Vehicle Transmission System
Authors: Liu Fei , Yan Qing Dong , Yao Shou Wen
Published: October 2011

The necessity of constructing a virtual assembly platform for vehicle transmission is discussed in this paper. Based on function requirement analysis of virtual assembly system for vehicle transmission, the architecture of virtual assembly platform is established. Detailed functions of platform are given. Virtual reality system and structure of software and hardware system for the virtual assembly platform are introduced in detail. The key technologies of virtual assembly platform have been expounded. Some practical instances are realized for verifying relevant functions of the virtual assembly platform of vehicle transmission system.
Stacked Spiral Inductor Design and Modeling for Fully-Integrated DC-DC Converters
Authors: Li Qing Hua
Published: October 2011

A structure of multi-layer spiral inductor having parallel and series branches of the metal strip was designed for fully-integrated DC-DC converters. As the result that the parallel branching structure greatly reduced the series resistance and the series branching structure greatly improved the series inductance of the inductor, the structure can achieve quality factor and current capability enhancement while compatible with conventional CMOS process. The quality factor was quantitatively analyzed with a scalable model and its origin was investigated at a structural point of view. From the experiment results, the substrate effects can be neglected in the interesting frequency range, 50MHz -500MHz, and the quality factor is enhanced beyond the additional parasitic capacitance.
Study on Construction Machinery Speed Measurement Based on Road Surface Texture Image
Authors: Jin Shou Feng , Hu Yong Biao
Published: October 2011

The construction machinery moving speed is an essential variable to identify its attractive performance. To realize construction machinery real-time and adaptive control, it is necessary to measure the machinery actual speed. But the traditional measurement method is not precise enough and costly too much. To search a new method, the high-speed linear CCDcamera is used to collect the road surface gray image. A machinery vision model is set up for the random road surface texture. Using cross-correlation algorithm two frame continuous image pixels are figured out. The construction machinery moving speed can be counted out by analyzing the vision model projection relationship and the two frame continuous image time.The feasibleness and precision of this method are proved by experiments.
A New Nonlinear Filter Method for Ballistic Target Tracking
Authors: Wu Chun Ling , Ju Yong Feng
Published: October 2011

In order to track the ballistic re-entry target, a new kind of ballistic target tracking algorithm, square-root quadrature Kalman filter (SRQKF) algorithm, was proposed. The proposed algorithm is the square-root implementation of the quadrature Kalman filter (QKF). The quadrature Kalman filter is a recursive, nonlinear filtering algorithm developed in the Kalman filtering framework and computes the mean and covariance of all conditional densities using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature rule. The square-root quadrature Kalman filter propagates the mean and the square root of the covariance. It guarantees the symmetry and positive semi-definiteness of the covariance matrix, improved numerical stability and the numerical accuracy, but at the expense of increased computational complexity slightly.
Displacement Equations Using Force Method for Frame-Composite Walls under Horizontal Loads
Authors: Wu Cheng Hao , Guo Meng , Zhang Yuan Jian
Published: October 2011

According to the special forms and mechanical behavior of frame-composite walls, displacement calculation method for frame-composite walls under horizontal loads is proposed in this paper. The model of frames and composite walls in parallel is adopted for considering working together of them. Cracking of filling blocks at middle and end elastic stages is taken into account. Based on material and structure mechanics theories, the displacement calculation method of frame-composite walls is derived from that of frame structures. The calculation results of the proposed method agree well with the test results of multi-grid composite wall with edge frame columns reinforced by steel. The displacement calculation method of frame-composite walls is compatible with that of frames and that of RC shear walls. The shear deformation of the frame-composite wall contributes most to the whole deformation. And the lateral displacement curves of middle to high-rise frame-composite wall structures are characterized by flexure-shear deformation. The proposed displacement calculation method for frame-composite wall structures can be used as a reference for structural design
Application Research on Low-Pressure Pulse and Cavitation Jet Compound Drilling Technology
Authors: Li Wen Fei , Wang Guang Lei
Published: October 2011

In the low-pressure pulse and cavitation jet compound drilling technology, pulse low-pressure and cavitation jet generator is installed on bit, water jet modulated by generator can generate pulse low-pressure, which will alternate rock mechanics, decrease rock breaking strength, increase rock-breaking efficiency. And cavitation jet generated can increase hydraulic power downhole. The results show that low-pressure pulse and cavitation jet generator has been run well from 5349m to 6162m for 129.36h-136.63h in TK1090 well, increasing drilling speed 40.6%～85.1%. The low-pressure pulse and cavitation jet compound drilling technology can increase drill speed and be deployment in deep well drilling.
The Calculation and Simulate Research of the Natural Frequency of Liquid Flow on Piping Networks of Multi-Pulse Sources
Authors: Su Xin Ping , Liu Shi Tong , Yin Fu Ming , Nie Guang Kun , Sun Wei
Published: October 2011

The pressure resonance problem impelled by hydraulic pulsation power in piping networks is studied in this thesis. Through theoretical analyzing and computer simulating to the flow variation of multi-pulse sources accumulation, two concepts: the variable initial angle by equal probability and flow pulsation rare, are introduced. Some useful conclusions are also obtained. Most of piping networks vibration in engineering is aroused by the medium pressure pulsation. Destructive violent vibration is set off by the simulation of pressure pulsation when resonant occurred. In order to reduce the vibration, it is important to restrain pressure pulsation and to avoid the resonance areas determined by piping networks construction. On the basis of the optimized approximate model to meet the need of the practical engineering and fluidic network theory, this thesis is mainly concerned with the natural frequency of internal liquid vibration in pipelines. In this thesis a no-damping piping mathematics model as well as the transfer matrix method is employed, and the computer simulation is used in theoretical researching. The simulation software of pressure fluctuation for the complex fluidic transmission systems is developed. The effects of every structure parameters of simulated hydraulic pipelines on the pressure pulsation performance are analyzed in details by using the software which makes us modify some structure parameters efficiently so as to optimize structure, evade resonant, reduce the amplitude of pressure pulsation and avoid fluid resonance. The experiments verify the conclusion of the computer simulation and show that the software is easy to be widely used in the dynamic optimum design of fluid transmission systems.
Prospect Analysis of the Coupling System of Low-Quality Biomass Treatment and Microalgae Biofuel Production
Authors: Wu Xiao Dan , Liu Yu Huan , Ruan Rong Sheng , Wan Yi Qin , Zhang Jin Sheng , Peng Hong
Published: October 2011

Nowadays human beings face the crisis and challenge of environmental pollution and energy shortage. The green treatment of low-quality biomass (such as wastewater, waste gas and solid waste), and development of microalgae biofuel are hot spots of pollution treatment and new energy development respectively. Base on the coupling system of microalgae cultivation by slurry (the product of anaerobic digestion of low-quality biomass) and biofuel production by microalgae, it is most likely to achieve an organic integration of the two hot spots, obtaining alternative liquid fuel and realizing slurry purification finally. In addition, there are added benefits can be obtained from the system, such as some high value-added products, animal feed, organic fertilizer, high-absorption materials, and so on. In this paper, combining the latest research advances of our research group, we made a brief analysis of the feasibility of microalgae cultivation by slurry, the characteristics of microalgae cultivation and lipid accumulation, the refining technologies of high calorific value fuel from microalgae, etc., and prospected the coupling system of low-quality biomass treatment and microalgae biofuel production.
Effects of Fluctuating Light Density on the Growth and Chemical Constituents of Ulva pertusa
Authors: Guo Gan Lin , Xu Jing , Shi Yan , Xu Ting
Published: October 2011

Laboratory studies were undertaken to determine the growth and chemical constituents of Ulva pertusa at fluctuating light density treatments. Results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of Ulva pertusa significantly increased at the fluctuating light density treatments than the constant light density. The ratios of Chl a / Chl b varied with the fluctuating light density. The protein contents of Ulva pertusa increased at fluctuating light density. In contrast, the soluble sugars contents of U. pertusa decreased at fluctuating light density.
Seasonal Variation of Nutrients and Environmental Impact Factors in Sanggou Bay
Authors: Fang Yan , Lv Zhen Bo , Zhang Huan Jun , Li Fan , Xu Bing Qing
Published: October 2011

The seasonal variation and horizontal distribution of nutrients including inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO43--P), and silicate (SiO32--Si) as well as environmental impact factors in Sanggou Bay were analyzed based on four investigations during 2006 to 2007. The results show that the main form of DIN was nitrate (NO3--N) with proportion above 50%. The seasonal variation and horizontal distribution of nutrients were significant. P and Si were the limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in summer and winter, respectively. Besides, P was a potential limiting factor in spring and autumn. There was a canonical correlation between nutrients and water quality factors with the maximum coefficient of 0.898 between NO3--N, nitrite (NO2--N), PO43--P, and temperature (T), total alkalinity (TA), salinity (S), pH.
The Comprehensive Analysis to the High Precipitation Supercell Affecting Guangxi
Authors: Li Xiang Hong , Yao Li Hong , Lin Zhen Ming
Published: October 2011

From 31 May to 1 June 2010, serious super high precipitation multi-cells caused convectional rainstorm in central region of Guangxi. The heaviest hour rainfall was 92mm, the heaviest rainfall for 48 hours was 503.9mm. The storms developed in the southwest warm moist wind and moved rightly. The radar reflectivity displayed several bow echoes moving from west to east along the 850hPa shear line. A line echo wave pattern developed. At 2.4°elevation angle, the maximum radar reflectivity of supercell reached 69dBz. The cross section of reflectivity showed that the 40dBz reflectivity core reached 9km in height, indicating a deep updraft. The radial velocity imagery showed with the mesocyclone features such as inverse wind area, the positive and negative velocity pairs. The VAD profile showed the deep warm-wet layer before the storm occurred. The 12m/s southwest wind reached 8km in depth. About 2 hours before the rainstorm, the VAD profile showed double dry region. When the double dry region appeared half hour later, the first rainstorm occurred. The numerical simulation analysis results indicated that the high precipitation multi-cell storms was produced and moved along the vortex path.
A Design of End Effector for Measuring Robot Orientation Accuracy and Repeatability
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ping , Yan Wan Chun , Zhu Wei , Wen Tao
Published: October 2011

This paper represents the design of a robot end effector which is supposed to be a tool of measuring the orientation accuracy and repeatability. The motivations and ideas of this testing tool are stated, firstly. Then, its structure parameters are specified and the testing accuracy is computed by mean of analyzing the manufacturing errors and structure stiffness which are measured and simulated by Carl Zeiss CMM and Abaqus, respectively. Moreover, the orientation accuracy and repeatability of Kunshan No.1 and KUKA L16 are tested in terms of ISO 9283 standard using this testing tool and API Tracker3. Finally, the results are analyzed and compared which show that the design of this testing end effector is competent with a high cost-effective ratio.
Analysis on Overall Design of the Main Bridge of Dalian South Binhai Avenue
Authors: Zhang Guo Jun , Tan Yong Gang , Li Hong Nan
Published: October 2011

The main bridge of Dalian South Binhai Avenue is a double-decked three-span earth -anchored suspension bridge with a full length of 820m, of which the main span is 460m, and a width of 24.8m. In this paper, the conceptual design of the steel stiffening truss girder, cable tower and anchorage are introduced and the design difficulties and points are analyzed. The anchorage adopts the hollow triangular frame structure, breaking through the physical heavy structure of gravity anchorage; and the design of two wedge-shaped gravel bed foundations improves the anti-slip safety factor of the anchorage. The offshore anchorage program provides a reference for the construction of future similar bridges.
Fatigue Performance Analysis of PC Bridge Based on Precast Damage Accumulation Effect
Authors: Han Cheng Lin , Zhang Xie Dong , Ma Shu Fen , Luo Mao Sheng , Guo Ziyi
Published: October 2011

Abstract: The durability and safety of the bridge are paid more attention to and the design,construction,operation and maintenance are investigated and discussed by the bridge engineers and researchers. From the aspect of fatigue accumulated damage of the structures,and from the construction stage to operation stage or the life cycles of the bridge, the damage effect of the bridge in all stages would be analyzed systematically. By numerical FEM way,such as stress amplitude and displacement amplitude，the damage effects and fatigue characters from the accumulated damage would be demonstrated by the means of the determine and fix quantify.
Studies on Optical Properties of CdS/ZnO Quantum Dots Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Ruhana Liyana Mohd Lawi , Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob , Shahidan Radiman , Abdul Rahman Irman , Yamin Bohari M.
Published: October 2011

CdS/ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were prepared at a temperature of 293 K by the sol-gel method with Triethanolamine (TEA) as a capping agent. The effect of CdS/ZnO mixture ratio of 1:9, 1:1 and 9:1 on the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated by UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopy. By increasing ZnO composition, a blue-shift of absorption edge and emission spectra were observed. The band gap for 1:9, 1:1 and 9:1 were found to be 4.13, 3.93 and 3.11 eV, respectively. The morphology of the CdS/ZnO QDs for each mixing ratio was obtained by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The size of the QDs was found to be in the range of 5-10 nm with some agglomerated particles.
Growth and Characterization of Indium Doped ZnO Nanowires Using Vapor Transport Deposition Method
Authors: Abrar Ismardi , Dee Chang Fu , Gebeshuber I. C. , Majlis B.Y.
Published: October 2011

Indium (In) doped ZnO nanowires (NWs) has been grown on silicon substrate without the use of catalyst. In conventional vapor transport deposition method, the ZnO source powder usually mixed with In dopant and placed in the middle of quartz tube. However, in this work, the graphite mixed ZnO source powder on a crucible was placed at the center of the quartz tube. While the graphite mixed In2O3 was placed at the downstream of the furnace with a distance of 1 cm from the graphite mixed ZnO powder. Morphological study has been carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The result showed that the grown NWs have uniform hexagonal nanostructures. Chemical composition has been examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD spectrum of the In doped ZnO NWs has also been taken to study the crystallinity of the structure.
V2O5-Polyaniline Nanocomposite as a Catalyst for Heterogeneous Ozonolysis of Oleic Acid
Authors: Ghoreishi Khadijeh Beigom , Nilofar Asim , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: October 2011

Nanocomposite V2O5-polyaniline (pani) is produced via micelle solution by using cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and vanadyl sulfate hydrate as a precursor. TEM results showed that V2O5-pani nanocomposite with 20-70 nm in size is formed via micelle solution. This nanocomposite as catalyst is utilized the production of azelaic acid (AA) and pelargonic acid (PA) from oleic acid cleavage in solvent free medium. Various loading percentages of V2O5 in Pani are considered and their differences in activity and selectivity are also evaluated. According to GC analysis, results showed that nanocomposite as catalyst is two times more selective to AA compare to bulk V2O5 (53%, 28% respectively). Also this nanocomposite indicated higher selectivity to AA and PA rather than nanoV2O5 (53% compare to 32%) It is showed that in higher weight percentage of V2O5 to polyaniline, the conversion of OA to two main products, AA and PA in ozonolysis reaction ( according to Criegee mechanism ) is higher. Ozone absorption of OA is monitored by FT-IR and the activity and selectivity of catalyst is monitored by GC-FID.
The Effect of Calcinations Temperature on the Performance of TiO2 Aggregates-Based Dye Solar Cells (DSCs)
Authors: Siti Nur Azella Zaine , Norani Muti Mohamed , Bustam Mohamad Azmi
Published: October 2011

Development of novel TiO2 nanostructures as the photo-electrode material is one possible solution to control the competition between electron generation and recombination which is the main constraint of obtaining higher conversion efficiency of dye solar cell (DSC). By manipulating the synthesis process, desired TiO2 nanostructure with specific properties can be obtained to enhance solar energy conversion efficiency. In this study, the effect of calcinations temperature towards physico-chemical properties of synthesized TiO2 aggregates and their influence on overall light conversion efficiency of DSC has been investigated. TiO2 aggregates (0.45 µm) composing of nanocrystallites (10-40 nm), were synthesized through hydrolysis of dilute titanium alkoxide in ethanol. The synthesized samples have been characterized using FESEM, XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy. DSCs were then assembled and evaluated using solar simulator under 100 mW/cm2 illuminations. The size of nanocrystallites was found to increase with increasing calcinations temperature where the 500°C produced the 21 nm sized nanocrystallites, the optimum size for highest absorption of the dye resulting in the highest efficiency. TiO2 aggregates-based DSC demonstrated better performance compared to nanoparticles (P-25)-based DSC. This is attributed to the enhanced scattering introduced by micron-sized aggregates.
Radiation Induced Formation of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) Nanoparticles Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Microemulsion System
Authors: Tajau Rida , Zaman Dahlan Khairul Mohd. , Mahmood Mohd Hilmi , Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin , Kamaruddin Hashim
Published: October 2011

In this study, we report the preparation of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) nanoparticles using aqueous Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) microemulsion system. This microemulsion system which contains the dispersed APO nanodroplets was subjected to the gamma irradiation to induce the formation of the crosslinked APO nanoparticles. The dynamic light scattering (DLS), the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrocospy and the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the size and the chemical structure of the nanoparticle. Sized of the APO nanoor microparticle can be varied depended on the volumes of the modified palm oil and the irradiation doses. Their size is in the range of 73 to 100 nanometer (nm) after irradiation using gamma irradiator. This radiation-induced method provides a free initiator induced and easy to control process as compared to the classical or chemical initiator process.
SAXS and XPS Characterization of Ru/Alumina Catalyst Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation Technique
Authors: Rini Ari Sulistyo , Radiman Shahidan , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: October 2011

Ru/Al2O3 catalyst have been synthesized by using two different methods. The aim of the present work is to studythe surface fractal behavior and the formation of Ruthenium metal in the presence and absence of PVP by SAXS and XPS measurement, respectively. Both of Ru-based nanocatalyst supported on Alumina powder has been synthesized in ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation. The samples were also characterized by TEM and FESEM. Nanoparticles with an average diameter about 2 nm and narrow distribution of sizes were obtained. According to XPS results, formation of metal Ru (0) was observed in all samples. The oxides form of Ru in the samples was obviously due to interaction with the air. Furthermore, chlorine content in the systems was still detected.
Temperature Effects on the Production of Carbon Nanotubes from Palm Oil by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Method
Authors: Azmina M. S. , Abu Bakar Suriani , Falina A.N. , Salina M. , Rusop M.
Published: October 2011

In this study we report the effect of various synthesis temperatures of 600 - 1000°C for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT). Bio-hydrocarbon precursor namely palm oil was utilized as a starting material by thermal vapor deposition method. Ferrocene at 5.33 wt% was directly mixed with palm oil precursor for 30 mins synthesis time. The prepared CNT was collected from the furnace wall and then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The density, diameter and the purities of the CNT were found to be highly dependent on the temperature changes. The synthesis temperature of 800°C was considered to be the optimum temperature for higher quality and quantity of CNT production.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phthalocyanine/Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Shu Chin , Lintang Hendrik O. , Leny Yuliati
Published: October 2011

In this work, zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was impregnated onto mesoporous carbon nitride (m-C3N4) to expand its absorption to longer wavelength. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm confirmed that the m-C3N4 showed type IV of adsorption-desorption isotherm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of both nanosphere and nanoworm structure in the m-C3N4. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the synthesized m-C3N4 was thermally stable until 723 K. The presence of ZnPc on the m-C3N4 was confirmed from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR UV-Vis) spectra. The higher the amount of ZnPc loaded on m-C3N4, the higher the intensity of ZnPc peaks in the diffraction patterns. The successful impregnation of ZnPc onto the m-C3N4 was also supported by the color changing of the solids from yellow to blue, which can be seen as an additional broad band at 500-900 nm from the absorption spectra. Since the material gives visible light absorption, it is expected that the ZnPc/m-C3N4 would be a potential photocatalyst for reactions conducted under visible light irradiation.
Effect of Milling Time and Dispersant on Microstructures of Alpha Alumina Nanopowder Synthesized from Aluminium Dross Waste
Authors: Meor Sulaiman Meor Yusoff , Muslimin Masliana , Wilfred Paulus , Mahdi E. M. , Parimala D.
Published: October 2011

The paper presents a study on the effect of milling time and addition of SLS dispersant on the crystallite and particle size reduction of α-alumina produced from aluminium dross waste. Wet milling was performed in high velocity planetary mill at speed of 1100 rpm and milled for 2 to 5 hours. XRD analysis shows both peak broadening and shifting occurred especially at longer milling time. The peak broadening effect was then used to calculate both the crystallite size and lattice strain. Samples milled with dispersant gave smaller crystallite size and the smallest crystallite value was 39.4nm obtained using 5 hours milling time. Similarly the mean particle size obtained for samples milled with dispersant gave smaller value and the smaller mean particle size obtained was 0.771 μm after 5 hours of milling.
Synthesis of Monodisperse CdSe QDs Using Controlled Growth Temperatures
Authors: Haji Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Noor Razinah Rahmat , Yahaya Muhammad , Salleh Muhamad Mat , Umar Akrajas Ali
Published: October 2011

This paper reports on the effect of growth temperatures on optical properties of monodisperse CdSe QDs synthesized via wet chemical method. The growth temperature was varied from 260 – 310 °C while growth period was fixed at 60 s. The resulting colloidal was in strong quantum confinement regime and having yield as high as 53%. As the growth temperature increased, the monodispersed CdSe QDs with diameter in the range of 3-7 nm were obtained. Both absorption and PL spectra of the QDs revealed a strong red-shift with the increment of growth temperature. Thus, the size of QDs was enlarged with increment of the wavelength from both the spectra. Consequently, the energy gap of resulting QDs can be tuned by tuning the size of QDs. More importantly, the narrow widths of the PL emissions with different colors make these colloidal to be a potential candidate for different optical and optoelectronic devices.
Preparation Ag2S Nanorods and Nanoparticles via a Simple Chemical Method
Authors: Kasim S. J. , Khaleel F. H. , Kasim F. A. , Mahdi M.A.
Published: October 2011

Ag2S nanorods and nonoparticles have been successfully prepared using chemical method. Silver nitrate with molar concentration of 0.1 M and thiourea with different molar concentration were used as a source of Ag++ and S++ ions, respectively. The pH of solution was in range of 10-11. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the nanorods length and diameter were 2.5-3 μm and 300-400 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction results showed a monoclinic α-Ag2S phase was obtained. The atomic ratio of silver and sulphur were found using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and it was 62.39% and 37.61%, respectively.
Influence of Calcinations Temperatures on Structural and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles via Precipitation Method
Authors: Johan Ooi M.D. , Abdul Aziz Azlan , Abdullah M.J.
Published: October 2011

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with spherical morphologies were successfully produced via precipitation of Zn and I2 with DEA was employed as a chelating agent. The products were further heat treated at four different calcinations temperature commences from 250 °C to 1150 °C. Studies on ZnO structural, morphologies and optical characteristic with respect to calcinations temperatures were conducted using XRD, TEM and PL spectroscopy respectively. The XRD spectra reveal hexagonal wurtzite signature along with preferred orientation growth in (101) plane. Particles size of ~ 60 nm and strong blue-violet emission peak of 417 nm (3.0 eV) has been observed for ZnO calcined at 850 ᵒC. Results reveal a close relationship between the calcinations temperature and ZnO microstructure whereas, its luminescence behaviour showing a strong depending on ZnO microstructure.
Optical and Structural Properties of Nanocrystalline CdS Thin Films Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Khare Ayush , Sahu R. B.
Published: October 2011

Nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide thin films are prepared using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique in aqueous alkaline bath at 60 °C and their subsequent condensation on glass substrates. Effects of annealing on structural, morphological and optical properties are presented and discussed. The best annealing temperature for CBD grown CdS films is found to be 350 °C from optical properties. The optical and structural properties of CdS films are found to be sensitive to annealing temperature and are described in terms of XRD, SEM, transmission spectra and optical studies. The structural parameters such as crystallite size have been evaluated through XRD while SEM micrographs exhibit ordering of grains upon annealing. The transmission spectra shift towards higher wavelength upon annealing indicating increase in crystallinity. Annealing over 350 °C is found to degrade the external structure and optical properties of the film.