bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULPA E RESPONSABILIDADE EM HERÁCLITO SEGUNDO A LEITURA HEIDEGGERIANA
Authors: Fleig Mario
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - O artigo trata, dentro da perspectiva de Heidegger, da culpa/dívida e da responsabilidade em sua fundamentação ontológica, tanto na perspectiva de uma ontologia fundamental de Ser e tempo, quanto na interpretação não metafísica do Lógos de Heráclito. Como resultado, apontase para o fundamento da lógica/linguagem e da ética no Lógos originário de Heráclito, encaminhando a necessidade de uma nova concepção da essência do homem.
Compressed Identity
Authors: Albayrak H. Şule
Published: August 2019

For decades the authoritarian secularist policies of the Turkish state, by imposing a headscarf ban at universities and in the civil service, excluded practising Muslim women from the public sphere until the reforms following 2010. However, Muslim women had continued to seek ways to increase their knowledge and improve their intellectual levels, not only as individuals, but also by establishing civil associations. As a result, a group of intellectual women has emerged who are not only educated in political, social, and economic issues, but who are also determined to attain their socio-economic and political rights. Those new actors in the Turkish public sphere are, however, concerned with being labeled as either “feminist,” “fundamentalist” or “Islamist.” This article therefore analyzes the distance between the self-identifications of intellectual Muslim women and certain classifications imposed on them. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with thirteen Turkish intellectual Muslim women were carried out which reveal that they reject and critique overly facile labels due to their negative connotations while offering more complex insights into their perspectives on Muslim women, authority, and identity.
Contemporary Forms of Female Islamic Leadership, Activism, and Interpretation in Morocco
Authors: Gray Doris H.
Published: August 2019

Female Islamic leadership in Morocco is marked by male patronage and fragmentation. Women in leadership positions—in the religious, political or economic realm—rise and remain dependent on male power. This article focuses on the religious/political arena where leading women do not pursue a common goal, but have varying understandings of gender justice or equality. Various developments in Morocco point to the creation of a middle ground for female activism between Western secularism and Islamism. Such developments can easily be overlooked when more radical voices gain the spotlight and generate media controversy.
Routledge Handbook on Early Islam edited by Herbert Berg
Authors: Christiansen Johanne Louise
Published: August 2019

Routledge Handbook on Early Islam edited by Herbert Berg. Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. 392 pp., Hb. £ 165.00. ISBN: 9781138821187.
Identifying points of convergence between trained and ‘natural’ interpreters for public services
Authors: Ciordia Leticia Santamaría
Published: August 2019

This paper reviews the implications of the role assumed by community interpreters and the linguistic and paralinguistic features of the profession. It reflects on bilingualism and interpreting capacity, comparing the different attitudes observed in several research studies between trained and natural interpreters, the latter being bilingual mediators with no specific training who are frequently called on to interpret in a range of contexts. In particular, the current study covers areas of convergence between the standard profile of trained interpreters and a non-normative approach that prioritises sociocultural skills and understands mediation as the most effective path to reach successful communication. A qualitative analysis of interviews pertaining to court and medical interpreting in Spain is employed to understand what guides interpreters’ decisions, thus contributing to a broader view of daily practice. Findings suggest that role prescriptions are not necessarily incongruent with many of the non-formal, mediating procedures on which natural interpreting is based, and that a flexible active approach based on empathy and critical skills should be encouraged and developed as part of student training.
Point Cloud Processing via Recurrent Set Encoding
Authors: Wu Pengxiang , Chen Chao , Yi Jingru , Metaxas Dimitris
Published: August 2019

We present a new permutation-invariant network for 3D point cloud processing. Our network is composed of a recurrent set encoder and a convolutional feature aggregator. Given an unordered point set, the encoder firstly partitions its ambient space into parallel beams. Points within each beam are then modeled as a sequence and encoded into subregional geometric features by a shared recurrent neural network (RNN). The spatial layout of the beams is regular, and this allows the beam features to be further fed into an efficient 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for hierarchical feature aggregation. Our network is effective at spatial feature learning, and competes favorably with the state-of-the-arts (SOTAs) on a number of benchmarks. Meanwhile, it is significantly more efficient compared to the SOTAs.
Bayesian Deep Collaborative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Xiao Teng , Liang Shangsong , Shen Weizhou , Meng Zaiqiao
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian Deep Collaborative Matrix Factorization (BDCMF) algorithm for collaborative filtering (CF). BDCMF is a novel Bayesian deep generative model that learns user and item latent vectors from users’ social interactions, contents of items as the auxiliary information and user-item rating (feedback) matrix. It alleviates the problem of matrix sparsity by incorporating items’ auxiliary and users’ social information into the model. It can learn more robust and dense latent representations by integrating deep learning into Bayesian probabilistic framework. As being one of deep generative models, it has both non-linearity and Bayesian nature. Additionally, in BDCMF, we derive an efficient EM-style point estimation algorithm for parameter learning. To further improve recommendation performance, we also derive a full Bayesian posterior estimation algorithm for inference. Experiments conducted on two sparse datasets show that BDCMF can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art CF methods.
RS3CIS: Robust Single-Step Spectral Clustering with Intrinsic Subspace
Authors: Xiao Yun , Ren Pengzhen , Li Zhihui , Chen Xiaojiang , Wang Xin , Fang Dingyi
Published: August 2019

Spectral clustering has been widely adopted because it can mine structures between data clusters. The clustering performance of spectral clustering depends largely on the quality of the constructed affinity graph, especially when the data has noise. Subspace learning can transform the original input features to a low-dimensional subspace and help to produce a robust method. Therefore, how to learn an intrinsic subspace and construct a pure affinity graph on a dataset with noise is a challenge in spectral clustering. In order to deal with this challenge, a new Robust Single-Step Spectral Clustering with Intrinsic Subspace (RS3CIS) method is proposed in this paper. RS3CIS uses a local representation method that projects the original data into a low-dimensional subspace through a row-sparse transformation matrix and uses the `2,1-norm of the transformation matrix as a penalty term to achieve noise suppression. In addition, RS3CIS introduces Laplacian matrix rank constraint so that it can output an affinity graph with an explicit clustering structure, which makes the final clustering result to be obtained in a single-step of constructing an affinity matrix. One synthetic dataset and six real benchmark datasets are used to verify the performance of the proposed method by performing clustering and projection experiments. Experimental results show that RS3CIS outperforms the related methods with respect to clustering quality, robustness and dimension reduction.
Modeling Local Dependence in Natural Language with Multi-Channel Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Chang , Huang Weiran , Wang Hongwei , Wang Gang , Liu Tie-Yan
Published: August 2019

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been widely used in processing natural language tasks and achieve huge success. Traditional RNNs usually treat each token in a sentence uniformly and equally. However, this may miss the rich semantic structure information of a sentence, which is useful for understanding natural languages. Since semantic structures such as word dependence patterns are not parameterized, it is a challenge to capture and leverage structure information. In this paper, we propose an improved variant of RNN, Multi-Channel RNN (MC-RNN), to dynamically capture and leverage local semantic structure information. Concretely, MC-RNN contains multiple channels, each of which represents a local dependence pattern at a time. An attention mechanism is introduced to combine these patterns at each step, according to the semantic information. Then we parameterize structure information by adaptively selecting the most appropriate connection structures among channels. In this way, diverse local structures and dependence patterns in sentences can be well captured by MC-RNN. To verify the effectiveness of MC-RNN, we conduct extensive experiments on typical natural language processing tasks, including neural machine translation, abstractive summarization, and language modeling. Experimental results on these tasks all show significant improvements of MC-RNN over current top systems.
Self-Ensembling Attention Networks: Addressing Domain Shift for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Xu Yonghao , Du Bo , Zhang Lefei , Zhang Qian , Wang Guoli , Zhang Liangpei
Published: August 2019

Recent years have witnessed the great success of deep learning models in semantic segmentation. Nevertheless, these models may not generalize well to unseen image domains due to the phenomenon of domain shift. Since pixel-level annotations are laborious to collect, developing algorithms which can adapt labeled data from source domain to target domain is of great significance. To this end, we propose self-ensembling attention networks to reduce the domain gap between different datasets. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to introduce selfensembling model to domain adaptation for semantic segmentation, which provides a different view on how to learn domain-invariant features. Besides, since different regions in the image usually correspond to different levels of domain gap, we introduce the attention mechanism into the proposed framework to generate attention-aware features, which are further utilized to guide the calculation of consistency loss in the target domain. Experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework can yield competitive performance compared with the state of the art methods.
Active Learning of Multi-Class Classification Models from Ordered Class Sets
Authors: Xue Yanbing , Hauskrecht Milos
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study the problem of learning multi-class classification models from a limited set of labeled examples obtained from human annotator. We propose a new machine learning framework that learns multi-class classification models from ordered class sets the annotator may use to express not only her top class choice but also other competing classes still under consideration. Such ordered sets of competing classes are common, for example, in various diagnostic tasks. In this paper, we first develop strategies for learning multi-class classification models from examples associated with ordered class set information. After that we develop an active learning strategy that considers such a feedback. We evaluate the benefit of the framework on multiple datasets. We show that class-order feedback and active learning can reduce the annotation cost both individually and jointly.
Frame and Feature-Context Video Super-Resolution
Authors: Yan Bo , Lin Chuming , Tan Weimin
Published: August 2019

For video super-resolution, current state-of-the-art approaches either process multiple low-resolution (LR) frames to produce each output high-resolution (HR) frame separately in a sliding window fashion or recurrently exploit the previously estimated HR frames to super-resolve the following frame. The main weaknesses of these approaches are: 1) separately generating each output frame may obtain high-quality HR estimates while resulting in unsatisfactory flickering artifacts, and 2) combining previously generated HR frames can produce temporally consistent results in the case of short information flow, but it will cause significant jitter and jagged artifacts because the previous super-resolving errors are constantly accumulated to the subsequent frames.In this paper, we propose a fully end-to-end trainable frame and feature-context video super-resolution (FFCVSR) network that consists of two key sub-networks: local network and context network, where the first one explicitly utilizes a sequence of consecutive LR frames to generate local feature and local SR frame, and the other combines the outputs of local network and the previously estimated HR frames and features to super-resolve the subsequent frame. Our approach takes full advantage of the inter-frame information from multiple LR frames and the context information from previously predicted HR frames, producing temporally consistent highquality results while maintaining real-time speed by directly reusing previous features and frames. Extensive evaluations and comparisons demonstrate that our approach produces state-of-the-art results on a standard benchmark dataset, with advantages in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and visual quality over the existing approaches.
Training Deep Neural Networks in Generations: A More Tolerant Teacher Educates Better Students
Authors: Yang Chenglin , Xie Lingxi , Qiao Siyuan , Yuille Alan L.
Published: August 2019

We focus on the problem of training a deep neural network in generations. The flowchart is that, in order to optimize the target network (student), another network (teacher) with the same architecture is first trained, and used to provide part of supervision signals in the next stage. While this strategy leads to a higher accuracy, many aspects (e.g., why teacher-student optimization helps) still need further explorations.This paper studies this problem from a perspective of controlling the strictness in training the teacher network. Existing approaches mostly used a hard distribution (e.g., one-hot vectors) in training, leading to a strict teacher which itself has a high accuracy, but we argue that the teacher needs to be more tolerant, although this often implies a lower accuracy. The implementation is very easy, with merely an extra loss term added to the teacher network, facilitating a few secondary classes to emerge and complement to the primary class. Consequently, the teacher provides a milder supervision signal (a less peaked distribution), and makes it possible for the student to learn from inter-class similarity and potentially lower the risk of over-fitting. Experiments are performed on standard image classification tasks (CIFAR100 and ILSVRC2012). Although the teacher network behaves less powerful, the students show a persistent ability growth and eventually achieve higher classification accuracies than other competitors. Model ensemble and transfer feature extraction also verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Active Mini-Batch Sampling Using Repulsive Point Processes
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Öztireli Cengiz , Mandt Stephan , Salvi Giampiero
Published: August 2019

The convergence speed of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be improved by actively selecting mini-batches. We explore sampling schemes where similar data points are less likely to be selected in the same mini-batch. In particular, we prove that such repulsive sampling schemes lower the variance of the gradient estimator. This generalizes recent work on using Determinantal Point Processes (DPPs) for mini-batch diversification (Zhang et al., 2017) to the broader class of repulsive point processes. We first show that the phenomenon of variance reduction by diversified sampling generalizes in particular to non-stationary point processes. We then show that other point processes may be computationally much more efficient than DPPs. In particular, we propose and investigate Poisson Disk sampling—frequently encountered in the computer graphics community—for this task. We show empirically that our approach improves over standard SGD both in terms of convergence speed as well as final model performance.
RecurJac: An Efficient Recursive Algorithm for Bounding Jacobian Matrix of Neural Networks and Its Applications
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zhang Pengchuan , Hsieh Cho-Jui
Published: August 2019

The Jacobian matrix (or the gradient for single-output networks) is directly related to many important properties of neural networks, such as the function landscape, stationary points, (local) Lipschitz constants and robustness to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we propose a recursive algorithm, RecurJac, to compute both upper and lower bounds for each element in the Jacobian matrix of a neural network with respect to network’s input, and the network can contain a wide range of activation functions. As a byproduct, we can efficiently obtain a (local) Lipschitz constant, which plays a crucial role in neural network robustness verification, as well as the training stability of GANs. Experiments show that (local) Lipschitz constants produced by our method is of better quality than previous approaches, thus providing better robustness verification results. Our algorithm has polynomial time complexity, and its computation time is reasonable even for relatively large networks. Additionally, we use our bounds of Jacobian matrix to characterize the landscape of the neural network, for example, to determine whether there exist stationary points in a local neighborhood.
A Powerful Global Test Statistic for Functional Statistical Inference
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Ibrahim Joseph , Li Tengfei , Zhu Hongtu
Published: August 2019

We consider the problem of performing an association test between functional data and scalar variables in a varying coefficient model setting. We propose a functional projection regression model and an associated global test statistic to aggregate relatively weak signals across the domain of functional data, while reducing the dimension. An optimal functional projection direction is selected to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with ridge penalty. Theoretically, we systematically study the asymptotic distribution of the global test statistic and provide a strategy to adaptively select the optimal tuning parameter. We use simulations to show that the proposed test outperforms all existing state-of-the-art methods in functional statistical inference. Finally, we apply the proposed testing method to the genome-wide association analysis of imaging genetic data in UK Biobank dataset.
Public–private partnership governance mechanism analysis using grounded theory
Authors: Wang Yousong , Liu Fangfang , Li Hongyang
Published: August 2019

Governance mechanisms of public–private partnership (PPP) projects can alleviate opportunism behaviours and indirectly reduce transaction costs from the perspective of transaction cost economics. This paper analyses 40 PPP projects in 14 provinces and municipalities across China using the grounded theory and finds that the key attributes for contractual governance are risk sharing, procurement methods, rights allocation and financing mechanisms. The core mechanisms for relational governance are trust in competence, reputation, institutional trust and commitment-related trust. Applying this system in project governance helps enhance project performance.
Editorial
Authors: Marín Díaz Dora Lilia , Noguera Carlos
Published: August 2019

Hace algunos días celebrábamos llegar al número 50 de la revista. Celebrábamos la proeza de sostener por casi cuarenta años un proyecto académico, un espacio de encuentro de diversas posiciones e ideas en torno a la educación y la pedagogía, un lugar de interlocución crítica entre la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional y otras instituciones, un proyecto editorial que fomenta la reflexión sobre los temas relevantes del campo pedagógico
Rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) in ergonomic assessment: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kamath Surendra
Published: August 2019

INTRODUCTION: RULA (rapid upper limb assessment) is a survey method developed for use in ergonomics investigations of workplaces where work-related upper limb disorders are reported. There are various researches available regarding the use of RULA in assessing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). But till date, there is no compiled review available regarding the comprehensive research on the uses of RULA in various ergonomic assessment. OBJECTIVE: To compile the availability of article related to the uses of RULA in assessing WRMSDs among workers from various fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The articles related to RULA in ergonomic assessment were searched using the reputed academic databases, including PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EBSCO from inception to July 22, 2019 using the five keywords, “ergonomics,” “musculoskeletal,” “workplace,” and “rapid upper limb assessment.” These keywords were combined using the Boolean operators “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT.” RESULTS: A total of 263 articles (n=263) were identified. After the removal of 161 duplicate articles, 102 articles were screened for the analysis. Among then, 21 articles were excluded and 81 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Again 68 articles were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria and finally 13 articles were included in the qualitative comprehensive analysis. CONCLUSION: The wider application of RULA has been confirmed from this comprehensive review.
ANALYSIS OF THE APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE MONITORING OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF DETERMINATION OF GRADUAL FAILURES PROBABILITY
Authors: Zatserkovnyi V. , Plichko L. , Bohoslavskyi M.
Published: August 2019

The approaches for creating a mathematical model for monitoring natural and technogenic systems (PTS) and emergency situations (ES) based on the probability of gradual failures are outlined.

The monitoring of the NAS and ES provides for comprehensive monitoring of changes in the natural and anthropogenic environment and its components. The complexity of this process is determined mainly by the complexity of the diagnostics of the monitoring objects and the precise measurement of a large number of indicators that determine the conditions and factors of the state of the NAS, environmental pollution, etc.

The practical solution of this problem is possible on the basis of the use of modern mathematical and geo-information methods of modeling that provide a comprehensive reflection of heterogeneous and multi-linked processes of formation and development of emergency situations of different origins, which can not be achieved with the use of traditional technologies.

To describe the functioning of monitoring systems, it is worth building a mathematical model of the research object. The most complete state of the object of the study is characterized by its mathematical functional and statistical model. However, a more complete description of the static and dynamic state of the monitoring object is a probabilistic description of the state of objects with the help of distribution laws of the probabilities of the parameters of the input influences elements, output parameters and vector-operators. Since the probabilities of sudden bounces are determined by known formulas of the reliability theory, the main attention is drawn to the determination of the probability of the gradual failures occurrence.It is established that three mathematical models may be applied to determine the probability of gradual failures (a mathematical model based on the integration of differential equations; a mathematical model based on the Monte Carlo method; a mathematical model based on the quasilinear disturbances method). The results show, that the proposed method of research may use to simulate various scenarios of flooding in the territories of the Chernihiv region.
Role of Legal Principles in Eliminating and Minimizing the Risks of Genomic Technologies
Authors: Maleina M. N.
Published: August 2019

The use of modern genomic technologies, along with the benefits to the man and society, can lead to negative consequences. Such risks exist both in the process and after the production, isolation, modification, storage of DNA. Prior to detailed legislative regulation of relations regarding the use of genomic technologies for medicinal purposes and not for medical reasons, legal principles become vital.

The paper formulates the following basic legal principles of genomic technologies application: the principle of preventive actions of the state to protect citizens from the risks of using genomic technologies; the principle of preserving the human genome as a special species; the principle of guaranteeing the inviolability of the individual of every citizen when using genomic technologies; the principle of priority of life and health of citizens over the interests of science and society; the principle of equality of citizens regardless of genetic characteristics; the principle of protection of genetic information of every citizen as part of personal data; the principle of guaranteeing access to the citizen’s own genetic information. Legal principles can be used to resolve a dispute by analogy of law.
On the Concept and Legal Nature of the Electronic Form of the Transaction
Authors: Efimova L. G.
Published: August 2019

The paper provides evidence of the independence of the electronic form of transactions. One such evidence is the peculiarities of an electronic document, which in the case of an electronic contract is a means of fixing the will of the parties. An electronic document is a set of details with information recorded on an electronic medium of durable use in the form of a digital code. An electronic document can exist in the form of a machine information file of any format or in the form of a computer program that allows contracts to be concluded in cyberspace. An electronic document in the form of a file should be considered an electronic static document. It looks like a traditional document, but its details are recorded with electronic means, not on paper. An electronic document in the form of a computer program should be considered an electronic dynamic hypertext document. It is fundamentally different from the document in the traditional written form, which makes it possible to justify the independence of the electronic form of the transaction, its irreducibility to the usual written form.
AVANCES NORMATIVOS EN EL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO - SG SST
Authors: MORALES OSPINO JENNY MARCELA , BERMEJO GALAN JAIME CAMILO
Published: August 2019

En un mundo tan cambiante y competitivo como en el que vivimos, se hace necesario estar acorde a dichos cambios, es por esto que los derechos laborales no podrían estar aislados a dichos cambios, es por esto que se hace necesario entrar a analizar de manera detallada los avances normativos en el sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo SG-SST, donde es a partir de dicho estudio que se podrá apreciar no solo los  avances normativos sino el impacto que estos avances han tenido en la sociedad ya que la creación de normas obedece a que existan patrones de conducta que deben ser respetados por los empleadores para con los derechos de sus empleados.
El Sobreendeudamiento Del Consumidor: Perú, Notas Sobre El Proyecto De Ley No. 3267-2018
Authors: Carbonell O´Brien Esteban
Published: August 2019

Regulación Especial Al Sobreendeudamiento Financiero De Personas Físicas, la legislación concursal peruana no prevé un tratamiento que alivie, la situación de falencia del consumidor sobreendeudado, solo limita su campo de acción, mediante el cual pueda acceder al concurso mercantil, aquella persona física siempre que al menos, la mitad de dicho endeudamiento sea producto, de una actividad empresarial. Ello, ratifica que el concurso está orientado a la persona jurídica. En efecto, el consumidor no recibe tutela efectiva frente a situaciones financieras de endeudamiento, al menos de manera regulatoria, mucho menos se cuida la economía familiar. Somos conscientes que la realidad desborda el contenido de las normas, lo cual apunta a buscar salidas legales que motiven que la persona física tenga una alternativa, que le permita –entre otras cosas- salir a flote, la búsqueda de un saneamiento de su propia economía familiar, la misma que muchas veces se ve sobrepasada, por el devenir de circunstancias ajenas a él.
UNA MIRADA A LA EPISTEMOLOGÍA DEL SUR
Authors: BARRIOS DIAZ OSCAR MANUEL
Published: August 2019

Al hacer una mirada retrospectiva es imposible no darse cuenta que nuestra cultura, nuestra religión, nuestra lengua y especialmente nuestro arte han sido deliberadamente desconocidos, escondidos y subvalorados por un avallasador y salvaje capitalismo y la permanente colonización de la que nos han hecho objeto el euro centrismo y el imperio norte americano, intentare en este breve ensayo explicar de manera concisa y clara lo que ha implicado la mono cultura exclusiva en los pueblos del sur y como han venido siendo discriminados y desconocido los saberes que los capitalista consideran nulos de cientificidad. se citaran autores que hacen una denuncia a esta sistemática eliminación de los saberes locales y hacen énfasis en la pluralidad de los saberes del mundo. Quizás ha llegado el momento de lanzar un nuevo grito de independencia.
Egy esztergomi passionale magyar nyelvű töredékei
Authors: Németh Dániel
Published: August 2019

Az Esztergomi Főszékesegyházi Könyvtárban (MSS. I. 178.) őrzött 15. századi töredékes latin passióban az első, illetve a hátsó borító belső oldalán két-két magyar nyelvű szövegrészlet található. Az első szövegrészlet Sylvester János 1541-es bibliafordításából, Szent Pál rómaiakhoz írt leveléhez 11,33–36, a második pedig a Peer-kódex Te deumához köthető, de egyik sem közvetlen másolata azoknak a szövegeknek. Az első töredék esetében egy korábbi írott szöveg hatása gyanítható, a másodiknál pedig szóbeli hagyomány játszhatott szerepet. Így a párhuzamok csak korlátozott esélyt adnak az írás idejének megállapítására. A hátsó borítón szinte azonos kézírással két lehetséges tulajdonos neve is olvasható: gregorius chompor és gergiuſ ſzucz de comiati. Az egyedi betűformák és a korlátozott adatállományban ábrázolt ortográfiai rendszer sem ad kellő támpontot a töredékek keletkezésének körülményeinek egyértelmű tisztázásához.
The adaptation possibilities of sustainable production system best practices to the Hungarian rural environment : Case study of an energy production business model
Authors: Horvath Balint
Published: August 2019

The current paper describes a business model that contributes to people’s self-sufficiency in the field of energy production. The current society is in a position to depend on decision makers and companies in terms of used energy resources and their prices. Though renewable energies have become popular lately, many people face obstacles in order to employ them. The aim of the research is to introduce a business model which answers this customer need and could be interpreted to different economic circumstances. The presented business model has been elaborated according to the recent Dutch business environment as a green entrepreneurial start[1]up. This study deliberately avoids the detailed description of the business plan and rather highlights the core concept based on business modelling principles. This form of demonstration equips future entrepreneurs to adapt the model to certain conditions. The main message of this article is the matching pain-gain relations of certain social groups. On one hand, the local communities seeking to go energy independent. On the other hand, people who would like to conduct impact investment.
A betöltetlen háziorvosi és házi gyermekorvosi körzetek területi összefüggései
Authors: Bálint Csaba
Published: August 2019

Magyarországon az egészségügyi alapellátás fundamentumát a háziorvosi és házi gyermekorvosi egyéni praxisok alkotják, és egyre nagyobb gondot jelent a körzetek tartós betöltetlenné válása, valamint az a tény, hogy a rendszer jellegéből adódóan egyre kevésbé alkalmas a lakosság ellátási szükségleteinek, igényeinek kielégítésére. Habár az állam sok esetben hatásosnak bizonyuló intézkedéseket támogat a probléma kezelésére (pl. a praxisprogramok, praxisvásárlási és letelepedési pályázatok), a háziorvosi alapellátás, valamint az alapellátást övező általános gondolkodás sem kerülheti el a mélyreható változásokat.
A társadalmi változásokkal fejlődő települési szennyvízgazdálkodási koncepciók kronológikus áttekintése
Authors: Czikkely Márton
Published: August 2019

Évszázadok alatt a kommunális és ipari szennyvizek mennyisége, összetétele az urbanizáció és amodern társadalom tevékenységének következtében folyamatosan változott. A városok kialakulásával párhuzamosan a népsűrűség (/fő/km²) is nagyobb lett, ami nemcsak fontossá, hanem szükségszerűvé is vált a szennyvízkezelési megoldása. A népesség tömörülésében óriási szerepe volt többek között a földrajzi viszonyoknak, az infrastruktúrának és az iparosodásnak is. A folyók feltöltődése és a vízpazarlás már az ókorban is városok elnéptelenedéséhez vezetett, így a természetes vízkészlettel történő ésszerű gazdálkodás az urbanizáció alappillére volt. A sűrűn lakott helyeken értelemszerűen nagy mennyiségben keletkezett kommunális szennyvíz, amelynek kezelése folyamatos kihívást jelentett. Az ipari-termelési struktúra változásával, a szennyvizek biokémiai összetétele is átalakult. Ez a tanulmány a népességnövekedés, a vízgazdálkodás és a szennyvíztisztítás kapcsolatára, és az alkalmazott módszerek komplex kérdéseire szeretném felhívni a figyelmet.
A pecsenyeliba termelés naturális és ökonómiai hatékonyságának vizsgálata adott telep példáján keresztül
Authors: Molnár Szilvia , Szőllősi László
Published: August 2019

A tanulmány célja a pecsenyeliba hizlalás termelési paramétereinek, illetve költség- és jövedelemviszonyainak vizsgálata esettanulmányi jelleggel adott telep példáján keresztül. A begyűjtött adatokat leíró statisztikai módszerek segítségével dolgoztuk fel, majd modellkalkuláción keresztül vizsgáltuk az értékesítési ár, a takarmányár és a legfontosabb termelési paraméterek változásának önköltségre és fajlagos jövedelemre gyakorolt hatását, amelyeket kereszttáblákban foglaltunk össze.
John Chrysostom’s Tale on How Michael Vanquished Satanael – a Bogomil text?
Authors: Minczew Georgi , Majer Marek
Published: August 2019

The study is an attempt at a comparative analysis of two pseudo-canonical texts: the Slavic Homily of John Chrysostom on How Michael Vanquished Satanael (in two versions) and the Greek Λόγος τοῠ ἀρχηστρατήγου Μιχαήλ, ὃταν ἐπῆρεν τήν στολήν (BHG 1288n). Both texts, very close to each other in terms of the plot, relate an ancient angelomachia between a heavenly emissary and a demiurge expelled from the angelic hierarchy. When examined against the background of dualistic heterodox doctrines on the one hand, and compared to other medieval cultural texts (be they liturgical, iconographical or folkloric) on the other, these works enable insight into how heterodox and pseudo-canonical texts functioned and were disseminated in the medieval Byzantine-Slavic cultural sphere. The Slavic Homily… is not genetically related to its Greek counterpart, which is only preserved in a lat, 16th century copy. Rather, it was composed before the 13th century on the basis of another, non-extant model with a content similar to the pseudo-canonical Greek Homily… It is probable to a certain degree that the emergence of the Slavic work is connected with the growing interest in the cult of Archangel Michael in the First Bulgarian Empire, especially in the Diocese of Ohrid. Certain Gnostic ideas related to dualistic cosmology, as well as cosmogony, angelology and anthropology spread from the Judeo-Christian world to Byzantine literature and culture. Having undergone a number of transformations in the neo-Manichean communities of the Byzantine Empire and Bulgaria, they formed the basis for medieval dualistic cosmogony, as well as angelology and anthropology. Circulated both orally and in written form, beliefs concerning the invisible God, Archangel Michael as a ‘second God’ and the soul’s journey to Paradise became so widespread that they are not only found in heretic texts, but also cited almost verbatim in anti-heretic treatises. The content and later textual modifications of the Slavic Homily… cast a doubt on the hypothesis concerning its Bogomil origin. Furthermore, it cannot be determined to what extent works such as the Homily… were made use of by (moderate?) Bogomil communities. Even before the 14th century, the text underwent the processes of liturgization and folklorization, as proven by the presence of liturgical quotations (absent from the Greek text), the visualization of the story in sacred space as well as the aetiological legends about Archangel Michael’s fight against the Devil. The existence of ancient Gnostic ideas in the beliefs propagated by neo-Manichean Balkan heretic teachings, as well as their widespread presence in “high” and “low” texts originating in medieval communities call for a more cautious evaluation of the mutual antagonisms between them. This raises the problem of a wider look at medieval culture, in fact a syncretic phenomenon, where the distinction between the canonical, the pseudo-canonical, the heretic and the folkloric is not always clear-cut.
The Monk versus the Philosopher: From the History of the Bulgarian-Byzantine War 894-896
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J. , Gucio Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to a few problems: 1 how Symeon and Leo the Philosopher looked at the Bulgarian-Byzantine war of 894–896; 2. what place it took in their life experiences; 3 how it was inscribed in the concept of relations between countries whose inhabitants follow the same religion. The war of the years 894–896 showed that Symeon was not only a cabinet scholar and a former monk, but a statesman, a gifted leader, skillful and ruthless negotiator. This war made him realize his own strength and gave him an opportunity to test his skills as a leader and a ruler. The war also demonstrated to the Byzantines that the Bulgarians, although they were Christians, were still dangerous opponents. Leo VI, a wise man and a scholar suffered a great defeat in dealing with just as scholarly but much more determined and gifted with military talents Bulgarian ruler. The former Monk defeated the Philosopher.
The Perfect Ruler in the Art and Literature of Medieval Bulgaria
Authors: Bakalova Elka , Kasabova Anita , Marinov Vladimir
Published: August 2019

The paper is an attempt to provide some information about the concept of the perfect ruler, as saved in the literature and the fine arts of the medieval Bulgaria, and which are related to the name of the king Ivan Alexander. The first part of the text is of theoretical character, showing how the ancient Greek literature presents the ideal ruler. The second one points out the characteristics of the portrayal of Ivan Alexander, as saved in both literary monuments (praises of the king in the Sofia psalter, so-called Pesnivec, 1337), and iconographical ones (a famous chronicle by Constantine Manasses, 1345–1346).
Constantinopolitan Charioteers and Their Supporters
Authors: Wolińska Teresa , Gucio Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

Support in sport is certainly one of the oldest human passions. Residents of the eastern Roman imperial capital cheered the chariot drivers The passion for supporting the drivers was common for all groups and social classes. The hippodrome was visited by the representatives of the aristocracy, artisans and the poor of the city alike. The popularity of chariot racing is evidenced by their frequency 66 days were reserved for circenses, that is racing. Organizing the competition along with all the accompanying events has been an essential task of circus factions (demes) In the empire, there were four factions named Blues, Greens, Whites and Reds. These factions were real sports associations, which can be compared to modern clubs. They had significant financial resources at their disposal. Each faction had their own racing team. They paid for and supported a number of drivers, runners, trainers of horses and wild animals, mimes, dancers, acrobats, poets, musicians and singers. They cared for their recruitment and training They also employed caretakers, messengers, artisans of various specialties, grooms, etc Expectations of subjects meant that emperors put great emphasis on the organization of shows and they were actively engaged in them themselves The preparation was personally supervised by the city prefect, and in the relations with the factions the emperor was represented by the praepositus sacri cubiculi. The latter managed the Hippodrome staff. Byzantine supporters, like their modern counterparts, had their idols. The object of their worship, and at the same time the elite among those working on the hippodrome, were charioteers. Outstanding competitors enjoyed immense popularity, just like modern stars of football or volleyball. They had monuments and stelae dedicated to them, as well as poems which praised their achievements. The ceiling in the gallery above the imperial kathisma featured images of famous drivers.
Notes on the cult of the fifteen Tiberioupolitan martyrs in medieval Bulgaria
Authors: Чешмеджиев Димо , Kasabova Anita
Published: August 2019

The cult of the fifteen Tiberioupolitan martyrs is one of the most intriguing cults in medieval Bulgaria. There are, however, a lot of questions about this cult, some of which I address in this paper. The earliest evidence of the cult is their mention in the Evangelarium Assemani (late 10th – early 11th C ), at 29th August, but only three of the martyrs are listed. Another important source for this cult is the well-known Life of Clement of Ohrid by Theophylact of Ohrid, called The martyrdom of the fifteen Tiberioupolitan martyrs (late 11th or early 12th C ). One of the most interesting evidences, however, is the very discovery of the relics, dated back to the reign of khan Boris I (852–889), when the relics proved miraculous. According to the recent studies, the cult of the fifteen martyrs was wide-spread in the region of Stroumitsa and the name of the town where the relics were placed, did not change due to them but due to a historical factor – someone called Tiberius. On the other hand, however, no Greek manuscripts mention the martyrs, except those coming from the diocese of the Ohrid archbishopry. The facts shown above proves that the cult was imported soon after the baptizing of the Bulgarians.
"Peculatus" – Several Remarks on the Classification of the Offence of Embezzlement of Public Funds in Roman Law
Authors: Amielańczyk Krzysztof
Published: August 2019

The offence of embezzlement of public funds – peculatus – is an interesting research subject due to the Roman legislator’s original approach to the issue of the classification of types of criminal offences (crimina). The paper aims to present Roman regulations concerning peculatus from the perspective of the methods of classifying its features as adopted by the compilers, taking into account both the normative contents of original laws (created by the original authors of these laws), as well as those added by later legislative factors: emperors, the senate and jurisprudence. The study of the Julian law on embezzlement of public funds may be conducted following the Justinian’s title Ad legem Iuliam peculatus et de sacrilegis et de residuis (Dig., 48, 13). Peculatus was the basic type of the offence of embezzlement of public funds. In the time of Augustus, two separate types of the offence isolated from peculatus, which were sacrilegium (probably within one law - lex Iulia peculatus) and embezzlement of a specific kind of money, i.e. pecunia residua (probably within a separate law - lex Iulia de residuis). Despite being quite precisely defined by the law, the type of the offence of embezzlement of public funds must have raised doubts when it came to applying the law, in cases where the act the offender was charged with came close to theft (crimen furti) or forgery (crimen falsi).
Remarks on Some Tax Exempts in Ancient Rome
Authors: Sawicki Piotr
Published: August 2019

The author tries to classify the tax privileges that existed in Ancient Rome. He gives a few examples of reliefs and exemptions, and provides their short legal and lexical analyses. Finally, he discusses whether some of them may be truly considered as exemptions or privileges.
Islam, the Arabs and Umayyad Rulers According to Theophanes the Confessor’s Chronography
Authors: Cecota Błażej , Figat Konrad
Published: August 2019

As the Chronography of Theophanes the Confessor includes a lot of information about the foreign states and tribes which were connected with the Byzantine Empire. It is legitimate, in the Author’s view, to analyse the account concerning Islam and the Arabs by this Byzantine author. Theophanes possessed detailed knowledge of the Arabs, Islam and Umayyad caliphs. He used, although presumably indirectly, some Muslim sources in his work. The argument which strongly proves this hypothesis is his precise description of inner clashes between the members of the ruling house, as well as of Arab civil wars. The article discusses how Theophanes (and presumably his sources) depicted not only the Arabs as an entity, but also the prophet Muhammad and some of the Umayyad caliphs (Muawiya, Walid I, Umar II, Hisham, Marwan II).
Rice as a Foodstuff in Ancient and Byzantine "Materia Medica"
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Jagusiak Krzysztof , Rzeźnicka Zofia
Published: August 2019

The present study discusses dietetic qualities of rice and culinary recipes pertaining to its preparation as demonstrated in ancient and Byzantine medical treatises compiled between 1st and 7th cent. A.D. (Dioscurides, Galen, Oribasius, Anthimus, Alexander of Tralles, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina). The evidence (in the part touching on gastronomic applications of rice) also includes De re coquinaria attributed to Apicius. The article consists of three parts. The first analyzes sources and modern literature to assess the impact of rice on the Greco-Roman and Byzantine agriculture. The results of the analysis confirm the scholarly opinion that rice was never popular in the Mediterranean in the ancient and early Byzantine periods. A slow and gradual change in its status appeared along with the Arab agricultural revolution. The second chapter of the study is devoted to dietetic characterizations of rice and presents features attributed to the cereal over the ages. The authors come to the conclusion that the most frequent characteristics of the crop which appear in the analyzed sources are its indigestibility, unwholesomeness, astringency (styptic action) as well as the ability to slow down the work of the alimentary tract. The final part of the article tries to retrieve from medical and culinary writings main culinary guidelines according to which rice was prepared as food. The authors conclude that, as a rule, the cereal was not used for bread baking, though it is likely that it was utilized in making cakes. Rice usually was the basis for preparation thick, gruel-like dishes which were normally compared to chondros or poltos, less thick soups which were said to be similar to ptisane, and watery, thin concoctions called chyloi, created by diluting rice stock.