bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARDEA study protocol: investigating early markers of cardiovascular disease and their association with lifestyle habits, inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescence using a cross-sectional comparison of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls
Authors: Henderson Mélanie , Friedrich Matthias , Van Hulst Andraea , Pelletier Catherine , Barnett Tracie A , Benedetti Andrea , Bigras Jean-Luc , Drapeau Vicky , Lavoie Jean-Claude , Levy Emile , Mathieu Marie-Eve , Nuyt Anne-Monique
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Little is known regarding associations between potentially modifiable lifestyle habits and early markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D), hindering early prevention efforts. Specific objectives are: (1) compare established risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension) with novel early markers for CVD (cardiac phenotype, aortic distensibility, endothelial function) in adolescents with T1D and healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls; (2) examine associations between these novel early markers with: (i) lifestyle habits; (ii) adipokines and measures of inflammation; and (iii) markers of oxidative stress among adolescents with T1D and controls, and determine group differences in these associations; (3) explore, across both groups, associations between CVD markers and residential neighbourhood features.

Methods and analyses

Using a cross-sectional design, we will compare 100 participants aged 14–18 years with T1D to 100 healthy controls. Measures include: anthropometrics; stage of sexual maturity (Tanner stages); physical activity (7-day accelerometry); sleep and sedentary behaviour (self-report and accelerometry); fitness (peak oxygen consumption); and dietary intake (three non-consecutive 24- hour dietary recalls). Repeated measures of blood pressure will be obtained. Lipid profiles will be determined after a 12- hour fast. Cardiac structure/function: non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) images will evaluate volume, mass, systolic and diastolic function and myocardial fibrosis. Aortic distensibility will be determined by pulse wave velocity with elasticity and resistance studies at the central aorta. Endothelial function will be determined by flow-mediated dilation. Inflammatory markers include plasma leptin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), type I and type II TNF-α soluble receptors and interleukin-6 concentrations. Measures of endogenous antioxidants include manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione in blood. Neighbourhood features include built and social environment indicators and air quality.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Ethics Board. Written informed assent and consent will be obtained from participants and their parents.

Trial registration number

NCT04304729.
Evaluation of unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors affecting peripheral intravenous device-related complications in neonates: a retrospective observational study
Authors: van Rens Matheus F P T , Hugill Kevin , Mahmah Mohamad A , Bayoumi Mohammad , Francia Airene L V , Garcia Krisha L P , van Loon F H J
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Infants in neonatal units benefit from dependable peripheral intravenous access. However, peripheral intravenous access exposes infants to high rates of clinically minor and serious complications. Despite this, little is known about the interplay of risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and evaluate the interactions of risk factors on the occurrence of peripheral intravenous complications in a neonatal population.

Design

This was a retrospective observational study.

Setting

The study was performed on the neonatal intensive care unit of the Women’s Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, as a single-site study.

Participants

This study included 12 978 neonates who required intravenous therapy.

Outcome measurements

The main outcome was the occurrence of any peripheral intravenous cannulation failure, leading to unplanned removal of the device before completion of the intended intravenous therapy.

Results

A mean dwell time of 36±28 hours was recorded in participants with no complications, whereas the mean dwell time was 31±23 hours in participants with an indication for premature removal of the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) (p<0.001,t=11.35). Unplanned removal occurred in 59% of cases; the overall complication rate was 18 per 1000 catheter days. Unmodifiable factors affecting PIVC dwell time include lower birth (HR=0.23, 0.20 to 0.28, p<0.001) and current body weight (HR=1.06, 1.03 to 1.10, p=0.018). Cannulation site (HR=1.23, 1.16 to 1.30, p<0.001), the inserted device (HR=0.89, 0.84 to 0.94, p<0.001) and the indication for intravenous treatment (HR=0.76, 0.73 to 0.79, p<0.001) were modifiable factors.

Conclusion

Most infants experienced a vascular access-related complication. Given the high complication rate, PIVCs should be used judiciously and thought given prior to their use as to whether alternate means of intravenous access might be more appropriate.
Quality assessment and comparative analysis on the recommendations of current guidelines on the management of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Uyagu Oliseneku Damien , Ofoegbu Cosmas , Ikhidero Joseph , Chukwuka Emeka , Enwere Okezie , Ogierakhi Omokharo , Adelosoye Alex
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the third leading atherosclerotic arterial disease. There is evidence that there is a high variation in the quality and recommendations of clinical practice guidelines for PAD, leading to the possibility of confusion among clinicians and patients. This study aims to conduct a quality assessment and comparative analysis of the clinical practice guidelines on PAD written between 2010 and 2020.

Method and analysis

We aim to perform a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines written between 2010 and 2020. A search for guidelines will be conducted through medical databases Scope, Pubmed, TRIP, Guideline Clearinghouses and specialist international organisations’ specific websites. Guidelines that meet the inclusion criteria will be extracted from the search result. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II instrument) will assess the quality of the selected guidelines. The recommendations, level of evidence and other relevant information will be extracted in a datasheet for qualitative analysis. The score for each guideline’s quality will be represented using charts and central tendency measures for comparison. The summary of recommendations will also be represented in tables for easy comparison for similarities and variations across sections. Finally, the level of evidence on which the recommendations are based will also be noted along with other significant characteristics such as the authors’ financial relationship to the biomedical community. We aim to point out deficiencies present in current guidelines and elucidate areas where recommendations are made with low-level evidence. The results will enable the scientific community to design future research to fill in PAD management knowledge gaps.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval was sought. Dissemination will be via journal articles and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020219176.
Cost-effectiveness of treatment optimisation with biomarkers for immunotherapy in solid tumours: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mucherino Sara , Lorenzoni Valentina , Orlando Valentina , Triulzi Isotta , Del Re Marzia , Capuano Annalisa , Danesi Romano , Turchetti Giuseppe , Menditto Enrica
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The combination of biomarkers and drugs is the subject of growing interest both from regulators, physicians and companies. This study protocol of a systematic review is aimed to describe available literature evidences about the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility or net-monetary benefit of the use of biomarkers in solid tumour as tools for customising immunotherapy to identify what further research needs.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review of the literature will be carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. PubMed and Embase will be queried from June 2010 to June 2021. The PICOS model will be applied: target population (P) will be patients with solid tumours treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the interventions (I) will be test of the immune checkpoint predictive biomarkers; the comparator (C) will be any other targeted or non-targeted therapy; outcomes (O) evaluated will be health economic and clinical implications assessed in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, net health benefit, net monetary benefit, life years gained, quality of life, etc; study (S) considered will be economic evaluations reporting cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, net-monetary benefit. The quality of the evidence will be graded according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review will assess the cost-effectiveness implications of using biomarkers in the immunotherapy with ICIs, which may help to understand whether this approach is widespread in real clinical practice. This research is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. We will disseminate this protocol in a related peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020201549.
Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of Protein C in adult patients with sepsis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Catenacci Vanessa , Sheikh Fatima , Patel Kush , Fox-Robichaud Alison
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection characterised by activation of proinflammatory and procoagulant mechanisms. Protein C (PC)’s activity as an anticoagulant and antiinflammatory molecule makes it an appealing target for sepsis biomarker studies. To date, there has been no systematic review of PC as a sepsis biomarker.

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic strength of PC as a biomarker for adult sepsis.

Methods and analysis

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) will be searched from inception through 20 January 2021 for prospective observational studies that evaluate the use of PC as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for adult sepsis. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction will be conducted in duplicate. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies and Quality in Prognostic Studies tools. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The standardised mean difference and 95% CI will be calculated for prognostic and diagnostic studies. If possible, a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic curve will be generated to assess overall prognostic and diagnostic biomarker accuracy. I2statistics will be used to assess heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis will be performed by removing studies with a high risk of bias and re-examining the meta-analysis results.

Ethics and dissemination

Given this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, there is no requirement for ethics approval. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and social media.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021229786.
Effects of global monopole on critical behaviors and microstructure of charged AdS black holes
Authors: Deng Gao-Ming , Fan Jinbo , Li Xinfei
Published: September 2021

As an intriguing topological defect, global monopole’s influence on behaviors of black holes has always been anticipated but still remains obscure. Analyzing the thermodynamics of charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole incorporating a global monopole manifests that the black hole undergoes a Van der Waals-like first-order phase transition near the critical point. This paper concentrates on further investigating the transition, aiming at clarifying how the global monopole affects the criticality and microstructure of the charged AdS black holes. As a highlight, this research is implemented by employing new state parameters other than (T, P, V) description and contributes to deeper understanding the rich critical phenomena and phase structure of black holes.
Genomic and Epigenetic Foundations of Neocentromere Formation
Authors: DeBose-Scarlett Evon M. , Sullivan Beth A.
Published: September 2021

Centromeres are essential to genome inheritance, serving as the site of kinetochore assembly and coordinating chromosome segregation during cell division. Abnormal centromere function is associated with birth defects, infertility, and cancer. Normally, centromeres are assembled and maintained at the same chromosomal location. However, ectopic centromeres form spontaneously at new genomic locations and contribute to genome instability and developmental defects as well as to acquired and congenital human disease. Studies in model organisms have suggested that certain regions of the genome, including pericentromeres, heterochromatin, and regions of open chromatin or active transcription, support neocentromere activation. However, there is no universal mechanism that explains neocentromere formation. This review focuses on recent technological and intellectual advances in neocentromere research and proposes future areas of study. Understanding neocentromere biology will provide a better perspective on chromosome and genome organization and functional context for information generated from the Human Genome Project, ENCODE, and other large genomics consortia.
A Direct Comparison of Pilot-Scale Li-Ion Cells in the Formats PHEV1, Pouch, and 21700
Authors: Waldmann Thomas , Rössler Stefan , Blessing Markus , Schäfer Robin , Scurtu Rares-George , Braunwarth Wolfgang , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret
Published: September 2021

Li-ion cells of the industrially-relevant formats PHEV1 (prismatic), multi-layer pouch, and 21700 (cylindrical) are directly compared by experiments for the first time. All three cell formats were reproducibly built on pilot-scale with the same anode (graphite), cathode (NMC622), separator, and electrolyte allowing a direct comparison. The main differences between these formats are their capacities (24.6 Ah, 2.2 Ah, 2.3 Ah), volume/surface ratios, as well as tab and the jellyroll/stack configurations (flat-wound, stacked, wound). The comparison involves voltage curves during formation (0.1 C), discharge rate capability (0.5 C−3 C), heating behaviour, cell impedances, geometrical properties such as electrode curvatures and tab configurations, as well as comparison with coin half cells with anode and cathode vs Li counter electrode. The data are put into context with commercial and pilot-line built cells from other studies.
Dental Trauma in Children with Autistic Disorder: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Marra Paola Martina , Parascandolo Stefano , Fiorillo Luca , Cicciù Marco , Cervino Gabriele , D’Amico Cesare , De Stefano Rosa , Salerno Paola , Esposito Umberto , Itro Annalisa
Published: September 2021

Background. The oral health care of autistic children is elaborated; they often fail to define dental problems, and a family‐centered approach can be useful to improve and intercept these disorders. Aim. To assess the oral status of autistic children, comparing it with no autistic patients. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study analyzed the oral health status of 70 children, 35 with autism and 35 without the disorder. Conditions assessed were dental trauma type, periodontal tissue injuries, soft tissue lip injuries, different treatments carried out, associated soft tissue findings and disorders, and the long‐term management. All patients (≤15 years of age) were chosen consecutively. Results. Females (57%) suffered more traumatic injuries than males (43%) in the autistic group, whereas males affected by dental trauma (54%) are predominant in the control group. The enamel fracture was the main finding among the dental trauma types in both groups followed by enamel/dentin/pulp fracture (31%), root fracture (11%), and avulsions (3%) in the autistic group and by avulsions (20%), root fracture (11%), and enamel/dentin/pulp fracture (6%) in the control group. The comparison of all variables of the two groups showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.012). The lower lip was statistically more injured than the upper lip (P < 0.005). Conclusions. The composite restorative technique was the most common approach carried out; the long‐term evaluation, when possible, was predominantly managed through root canal therapy in the control group (81%), and root canal therapy (50%) and tooth extraction (50%) in the sample group.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Inflow Mach Numbers on the Combustion Characteristics of a Typical Cavity-Based Supersonic Combustor
Authors: Bordoloi Namrata , Pandey Krishna Murari , Sharma Kaushal Kumar
Published: September 2021

The air-breathing engines, commonly known as Supersonic Combustor Ramjet (SCRAMJET) engines, are one of the most prominent technologies among researchers due to their high thrust-to-weight ratio. The researchers are constantly making efforts for improved performance of the combustor under the required boundary conditions. The present working computational model studies a hydrogen-fueled parallel cavity scramjet combustor to recognize the complex flow field characteristics and performance of the combustor in Ansys 15.0. The computational model developed is a replica of an experiment conducted in China which slightly modified the boundary conditions. The standard two-equation K-

ε

turbulence model and Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation with finite-rate/eddy dissipation species reaction model are used to simulate the problem. The validation of the present model is achieved by comparing the results with already available experimental data in conformity with the literature. The results of the simulations are in satisfactory accord with the experimental data and images. Furthermore, to achieve the stated objective, different incoming Mach numbers, namely, 2.25, 2.52, and 2.75, are considered for a more clear understanding of variables that affects the characteristics of the flow field. The temperature, Mach number, density pressure, and H2O mass fraction contours were studied to facilitate proper understanding. The maximum temperature rise observed is 2711.467 K for M = 2.25. Additionally, the performance parameters, namely, combustion and mixing efficiencies, are also studied. The maximum combustion and mixing efficiencies are 87.47% and 98.15% for M = 2.25 and 2.75, respectively.
Clinicoepidemiology of Skin Diseases in Children Seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar
Authors: Ranaivo Irina Mamisoa , Sendrasoa Fandresena Arilala , Andrianarison Malalaniaina , Sata Moril , Raharolahy Onivola , Ralandison Dimby Stephane , Ramarozatovo Lala Soavina , Rapelanoro Rabenja Fahafahantsoa
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The child’s skin diseases are common and very diverse. Many studies concerning pediatric dermatoses have been carried out in Africa and the rest of the world. Few epidemioclinical data reflect these skin diseases in children, especially in the east coast of Madagascar. We aim to describe the pattern skin diseases among children seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar. Patients and Methods. A retrospective study over a 3-year period from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted in children seen in the Dermatology Department of University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, with skin diseases. Results. During the study period, 347 children out of the 1584 new patients were retained with a sex ratio of 0.86. The mean age was 6.4 years old. The main diseases identified were skin infectious diseases (43, 23%), allergic dermatoses (24.21%), and autonomous dermatosis (15.56%). Conclusion. Our study revealed the importance of infectious and allergic dermatoses in Toamasina. It is necessary to carry out simple preventive actions such as hygiene.
A Two-Step Bioreactor for Decellularized Lung Epithelialization
Authors: Young Bethany M. , Antczak Leigh-Ann M. , Shankar Keerthana , Heise Rebecca L.
Published: September 2021

Bioreactors for the reseeding of decellularized lung scaffolds have evolved with various advancements, including biomimetic mechanical stimulation, constant nutrient flow, multi-output monitoring, and large mammal scaling. Although dynamic bioreactors are not new to the field of lung bioengineering, ideal conditions during cell seeding have not been extensively studied or controlled. To address the lack of cell dispersal in traditional seeding methods, we have designed a two-step bioreactor. The first step is a novel system that rotates a seeded lung every 20 min at different angles in a sequence designed to anchor 20% of cells to a particular location based on the known rate of attachment. The second step involves perfusion-ventilation culture to ensure nutrient dispersion and cellular growth. Compared to statically seeded lungs, rotationally seeded lungs had significantly increased dsDNA content and more uniform cellular distribution after perfusion and ventilation had been administered. The addition of this novel seeding system before traditional culture methods will aid in recellularizing the lung and other geometrically complex organs for tissue engineering.
Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma in the Ileum with Successful Preoperative Endoscopic Evaluation
Authors: Kitano Yurie , Oura Shoji , Mushiake Yutaka , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: September 2021

A 80-year-old man with the history of operations for gastric cancer and adhesive ileus developed abdominal pain. Positron emission computed tomography (CT) showed prominent wall thickening in the ileum with a maximal standardized uptake value of 12.1. Prior CT to diagnose adhesive ileus just taken only 4 months before did not show any masses in the abdomen. Single-balloon enteroscopy via colon showed a protruding mass at approximately 40–50 cm proximal point from the ileum end. Pathological examination of the biopsied specimen showed diffuse infiltration of medium- to large-sized atypical lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the atypical cells were positive for CD3 and CD56 and negative for CD8 and CD20. MIB-1 labeling index was extremely high as 80%. Under the diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma, the patient underwent tumorectomy, leading to the diagnosis of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) after the negativity confirmation of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded mRNAs. The patient recovered with manageable complication and is going to receive chemotherapy. This is the first case of MEITL with extremely rapid progression in the distal ileum to be observed and diagnosed with single-balloon enteroscopy.
Expression of Glucose Metabolism-Related Proteins in Adrenal Neoplasms
Authors: Kim Eun Kyung , Kim Hye Min , Koo Ja Seung
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of glucose metabolism-related proteins and their clinicopathologic implications in adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACN) and pheochromocytoma (PCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate glucose metabolism-related proteins (GLUT1, CAIX, hexokinase II, G6PDH, PHGDH, and SHMT1) in 132 ACN cases (115 adrenal cortical adenoma [ACA] and 17 adrenal cortical carcinoma [ACC]) and 189 PCC cases. Results: Expression levels of GLUT1 in tumor cells ([T]; p < 0.001), GLUT1 in stromal cells ([S]; p < 0.001), G6PDH (p < 0.001), and SHMT1 (p = 0.002) were higher in ACN than in PCC. GLUT1 (T; p = 0.045) and PHGDH (p = 0.043) levels were higher in ACC than in ACA. In a univariate analysis of ACN, GLUT1 (T; p = 0.017), CAIX (S; p = 0.003), and PHGDH (p = 0.009) levels were correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS). GLUT1 (T; p = 0.001) and PHGDH (p < 0.001) were related to a shorter OS in PCC. GLUT1 (T) positivity (p = 0.043) in ACN predicted a poor OS in a multivariate Cox analysis. In PCC, high GAPP score (p = 0.026), GLUT1 (T; p = 0.002), and PHGDH (p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for poor OS. Conclusions: The adrenal gland tumors ACN and PCC had different expression patterns of glucose metabolism-related proteins (GLUT1, G6PDH, and SHMT1), with higher expression levels in ACN than in PCC. GLUT1 and PHGDH were significant prognostic factors in these adrenal neoplasms.
A Systematic Review of Potentially Effective Nonpharmacological Interventions for Reducing Fatigue among Iranian Patients Who Receive Hemodialysis
Authors: Ghazanfari Mohammad Javad , Karkhah Samad , Emami Zeydi Amir , Mortazavi Hamed , Tabatabaee Amir , Adib-Hajbaghery Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose: Fatigue control in hemodialysis (HD) patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study aimed to comprehensively review the available research literature regarding the nonpharmacological interventions used for reducing fatigue among Iranian HD patients. Methods: In this systematic review, an extensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the keywords related to the purpose. Also, the Persian equivalent of these keywords was searched in Iranian databases, such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) from the inception to June 16, 2020. Results: Of 2,761 articles, 25 studies were included in the review. Among a total of 1,748 Iranian HD patients with a mean age of 54.17 (SD = 12.27) years, 61.38% were male. Interventions such as educational-based programs (n = 5), nutrition-based programs (n = 2), massage therapy (n = 3), exercise-based programs (n = 4), relaxation technique (n = 3), combination of relaxation technique and inhalation aromatherapy (n = 1), energy therapy (reflexology and acupressure) (n = 3), and mind-guided imagery (n = 1) were effective in reducing fatigue in Iranian HD patients. Discussion/Conclusion: These simple, low-cost, and practical interventions can be used for the reduction of fatigue among HD patients by nurses. However, future well-designed studies are recommended to confirm the efficacy of these and other potentially effective interventions for reducing fatigue in HD patients.
ГОТОВНІСТЬ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ ДО САМОСТІЙНОГО ВИКОНАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ СЕСТРИНСЬКИХ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ
Authors: Коморна Я. В. , Криницька І. Я. , Гецько Н. В. , Марущак М. І.
Published: September 2021

У статті йдеться про готовність медичних сестер загальної практики до самостійного виконання медичних компетенцій на рівні центру первинної медико-санітарної допомоги.
СУЧАСНІ ЗАСОБИ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ПРИ ПЕРЕЛОМІ ГОМІЛКИ
Authors: Мисула І. Р. , Андрусевич Ю. А.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена вивченню та аналізу науково-методичної літератури щодо засобів і сучасних мето­дів фізичної реабілітації хворих із переломами кісток гомілки. Встановлено, що основними методами, які застосовують у процесі реабілітації, є лікувальна фізична культура, масаж, фізіотерапевтичні методи. Сучасними методами у процесі реабілітації є кінезитейпування, кріотерапія, механотерапія та новітні апарати, що працюють на основі віртуальних програм.
ПОЗААУДИТОРНІ НАВЧАЛЬНІ ЗАХОДИ ЗА УМОВ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Дуднік С. О. , Телефус Н. В. , Щербина І. В. , Михальченко Г. М.
Published: September 2021

У статті висвітлено зразки методик проведення позааудиторних заходів як засобу активізації пізна­вальної діяльності студентів із використанням дистанційних форм і методів роботи.
Decomposing Effects of Population Aging on Economic Growth in OECD Countries
Authors: Lee Hyun-Hoon , Shin Kwanho
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we investigate six channels through which population aging affects output growth per capita of 35 OECD countries where the old dependency ratio is already quite high. The six channels we consider are changes in: (i) physical capital; (ii) human capital; (iii) average working hours; (iv) labor participation rate; (v) age composition of 15–64 (the share of population aged between 15 and 64 years; and (vi) total factor productivity (TFP). We first confirm findings from previous studies that aging in OECD countries has negative effects on GDP growth per capita. We then find that the most important channel through which the negative effects of aging on economic growth operate is lowered TFP growth. Across our empirical specifications, lowered TFP growth associated with aging explains more than fully the lowered growth rate of GDP per capita. We also find evidence of demographic deficit (decreases in working age population share), but this negative effect of aging is more than nullified by compensating increases in the average working hours and the labor force participation rate. We conclude that because TFP growth rate can be permanently lowered, aging's negative effects on GDP growth per capita are expected to be permanent.
Stropharia populicola (Strophariaceae, Agaricales), a new species from China
Authors: LIU HONG , MAO NING , FAN LI , GUO SHANG
Published: September 2021

Stropharia populicola sp. nov., found during autumn under Populus spp. in Shanxi Province of North China, is described and illustrated. Stropharia populicola is similar and closely related to S. jilinensis and S. scabella but can be distinguished from the latter two species by the acanthocytes commonly present in the hymenium. Phylogenetic analysis supports its taxonomic position in the genus Stropharia.
New illustrations, new species and new combination of Hemacroneuria Enderlein (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China
Authors: HUO QING-BO , ZHU BIN-QING , DU YU-ZHOU
Published: September 2021

Hemacroneuria violacea Enderlein, 1909 is discovered and re-described from four provinces of southern China. A similar new species of Hemacroneuria from the Nanling Mountains is proposed. Meanwhile, Brahmana flavomarginata Wu, 1962 is transferred into Hemacroneuria, and the status of Kiotina spatulata Wu, 1948 is discussed in this paper.
Family functioning but not social capital is associated with better mental health in adolescents affected by violence and displacement by armed conflict in Colombia
Authors: Tamayo-Aguledo William , Acosta-Ortiz Alida , Hamid Aseel , Gómez-García Carolina , García-Durán María Camila , Daccach-González Vanessa , Solmi Francesca , Bell Vaughan
Published: September 2021

Background:

The effect of the Colombian armed conflict on the mental health of adolescents is still poorly understood.

Aims:

Given social interventions are most likely to inform policy, we tested whether two potential intervention targets, family functioning and social capital, were associated with mental health in Colombian adolescents, and whether this was moderated by experience of violence and displacement.

Methods:

We examined the cross-sectional association between family functioning, cognitive social capital, structural social capital and 12-month prevalence of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) diagnosed psychiatric disorder, using data on 12 to 17-year-old adolescents ( N = 1,754) from the 2015 National Mental Health Survey of Colombia, a nationally representative epidemiological study. We tested whether associations survived cumulative adjustment for demographic confounders, experience of non-specific violence and harm and displacement by armed conflict.

Results:

Neither structural nor cognitive social capital were associated with better mental health. Better family functioning was associated with reduced risk of poor mental health in an unadjusted analysis (OR 0.90 [0.85–0.96]), and after cumulative adjustments for demographic confounders (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]), non-specific violence and harm (OR 0.91 [0.86–0.97]) and social capital variables (OR 0.91 [0.85–0.97]). In the final model, each additional point on the family APGAR scale was associated with a 9% reduced odds of any CIDI diagnosed disorder in the last 12 months.

Conclusions:

Better family functioning was associated with better mental health outcomes for all adolescents. This effect remained present in those affected by the armed conflict even after accounting for potential confounders.
Demographic, Transition, and Vocational Rehabilitation Service Variables’ Association With High School Completion Outcomes of Youth With Disabilities Receiving SSI
Authors: Iwanaga Kanako , Chan Fong , Anderson Catherine A. , Ditchman Nicole , Kaya Cahit , Hartman Ellie , Tansey Timothy N.
Published: September 2021

Completing high school expands career prospects for young adults with disabilities, increasing their likelihood for gainful employment. Those who graduate from high school are more likely to have higher salaries and longer job tenure than those who do not have high school diplomas. As such, graduating from high school is a significant milestone for students with disabilities. Yet, the specific predictors of high school completion among youth with disabilities are not well understood. This study used three multiple logistic regression analyses and a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to evaluate demographic, PROMISE transition services, and vocational rehabilitation (VR) services as predictors of high school completion in a sample of 350 transition-age youth receiving Supplemental Security Income. Among the demographic variables examined, race, disability type, parent education, and family income were significant predictors of completion. For transition services, social skills training and self-advocacy training were independently associated with high school completion, while miscellaneous training was the only independent significant VR service predictor. Findings support the importance of pre-employment transition services, especially in the areas of social skills training, self-advocacy training, and VR services in the areas of miscellaneous training that can be used to promote completion of high school.
Individualization and Individualism: Facets and Turning Points of the Entrepreneurial Self among Young People in Italy
Authors: Colombo Enzo , Rebughini Paola , Domaneschi Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to show how young people in Italy deal with the structural injunction to become individuals. While there is a substantial number of works on how institutions converge in promoting individualization and an ‘entrepreneurial self’, in this article we investigate how young people give shape and meaning to social relations in the framework of the injunction to become autonomous entrepreneurs of themselves. The research presented here was conducted in Milan, from 2017 to 2019. We carried out 40 in-depth interviews with young people in order to explore (1) how individualization as a structural historical process becomes an ongoing accomplishment, a part of the ‘common sense’ that people use to interpret their everyday experience; and (2) the extent to which individualization and individualism intertwine and conflict with each other.
Double-appearance patterning model of warp-knitted spacer textiles based on the jacquard loop index
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Jiang Gaoming , Zhang Aijun
Published: September 2021

This research focuses on a three-dimensional jacquard spacer fabric, which has two sets of jacquard yarn systems to form double-appearance patterns. Because of the unique structure and formation characteristics, a specific computerized patterning model needs to be solved for efficient jacquard structure design. After a systematic analysis of double-needle bed knitting and the piezo-jacquard principle, a loop index is proposed to coordinate jacquard loops and define the single-loop-based jacquard bitmap. Also, an algorithm is derived to solve offset data to guide the knitting action by inferring the jacquard bitmap and the corresponding loops hypotaxis. This new patterning method is proposed based on two basic elements of the jacquard bitmap and lapping data. In comparison with the traditional two-course bitmap method, the new approach shows the advantage of more simplified operations by a significant decrease of jacquard color definitions.
Fostering Inclusivity: Exploring the Impact of Identity Safety Cues and Instructor Gender on Students’ Impressions and Belonging
Authors: Maimon Melanie R. , Howansky Kristina , Sanchez Diana T.
Published: September 2021

Background

Students with marginalized identities can experience identity threats in higher education. Instructors can help improve student outcomes by using identity safety cues (ISCs), which signal to marginalized groups that their identities are valued.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine whether including ISCs in course syllabi could improve students’ belonging-related outcomes and whether these outcomes differ based on instructor gender.

Method

Using an experimental design, undergraduate students viewed a syllabus that included or excluded ISCs from either a White male or female professor. Participants reported their anticipated belonging and instructor impressions.

Results

Participants reported greater expected engagement and field belonging and had more positive impressions of the instructor when the syllabus included ISCs compared to the control syllabus. Instructor gender had a minimal impact on participants’ outcomes and impressions.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates including ISCs in course syllabi can positively impact students when course instructors are White men or women.

Teaching Implications

ISCs improved participants’ anticipated engagement and field belonging regardless of instructor gender. This work suggests instructors can improve students’ first impressions and intentions by including ISCs in their course syllabi.
African American Mothers’ Decision to Discontinue Breastfeeding and Switch to Formula
Authors: Jefferson Urmeka T. , Reed Amy E. , Rabbitte Maureen
Published: September 2021

After initiating breastfeeding, some African American mothers find adjusting to the demands challenging and discontinue breastfeeding. To learn about decisions switching to formula, we conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews with African American mothers ≥ 18 years old. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the social cognitive theory. We identified four key themes that reflect personal, behavioral, and environmental factors: (1) simplicity of formula, (2) diverse support networks, (3) early breastfeeding is most important, and (4) lack of access to breastfeeding support resources. To increase breastfeeding duration among African American mothers, it is essential for interventions to be comprehensive including various strategies such as education regarding the physical aspects of breastfeeding, exposure to African American breastfeeding mothers, and active involvement of support persons. More research among African American mothers is needed to identify effective opportunities for change in cultural, social, and structural systems that impede successful breastfeeding.
(Un)Just transitions and Black dispossession: The disposability of Caribbean ‘refugees’ and the political economy of climate justice
Authors: Perry Keston K
Published: September 2021

Caribbean populations face increased displacement, dispossession and debt burdens due to shocks related to climate change. As the major neighbouring power that is the most significant historical contributor to global warming, the United States has persistently deflected from this responsibility. Instead, its climate plans are weaponized to target potential climate refugees who constitute a ‘national security threat’ and are faced with risks of premature death. These policies also aim to create green capitalist peripheries following racial capitalist logics. The paper contends that US climate interventions and policies increase the likelihood of Black dispossession within Caribbean societies. These policies commit to supporting so-called ‘left-behind’ white communities in need of a ‘just transition’, while Caribbean racialized subjects are not as equally deserving. To explain this, the paper examines major climate policies, in particular the recent Congressional Climate Action Plan of the US House of Representatives and President Biden’s climate proposals. It juxtaposes policy claims against political actions and racial capitalist historiography of the United States, especially its past treatment of climate refugees from the Caribbean. This analysis shows the persistent ways in which US climate policies advance organized abandonment and a neocolonial relationship predicated on an unjust system of racial capitalism.
Pharmacological treatment for Tourette syndrome in children and adults: What is the quality of the evidence? A systematic review
Authors: Besag Frank MC , Vasey Michael J , Lao Kim SJ , Chowdhury Uttom , Stern Jeremy S
Published: September 2021

Background:

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by involuntary muscle movements manifesting as motor and vocal tics. In the majority, tics are manageable without medication. Where tics cause discomfort or impair function, behavioural or pharmaceutical treatments may be considered.

Aims:

To provide a meticulous examination of the quality of evidence for the current pharmacological treatments for TS.

Methods:

PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of aripiprazole, risperidone, clonidine, guanfacine, haloperidol, pimozide, tiapride and sulpiride for the treatment of tics in children and adults with TS. Quality of reporting and risk of bias were assessed against the CONSORT checklist and Cochrane risk of bias criteria, respectively.

Results:

Seventeen RCTs were identified. Response rates reached 88.6% for aripiprazole, 68.9% for clonidine, 62.5% for risperidone and 19% for guanfacine. Statistically significant improvements were reported for all medications compared to placebo in at least one study and for at least one measure of tic severity. Most studies predated the CONSORT and Cochrane criteria and did not score highly when assessed on these measures.

Conclusions:

There are relatively few placebo-controlled trials of commonly prescribed medications. Studies are often of poor quality and short duration. There is evidence for the efficacy of each medication, but no drug is clearly superior. Clonidine and guanfacine are better tolerated than antipsychotics, but less effective. There is too little evidence to determine whether adults respond differently from children.
Prominent gallbladder enlargement: Kawasaki disease or other congenital or acquired gallbladder disease? A case report
Authors: Zhao Liang , Hua Yimin , Zhou Kaiyu
Published: September 2021

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common systemic vasculitis in childhood that can result in damage to multiple body systems. However, prominent gallbladder (GB) enlargement in the acute stage is especially rare. A 5-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with an 8-day history of a cervical mass, 7-day history of fever, and 5-day history of abdominal pain and rash. The child was diagnosed with KD. After treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (2 g/kg), all clinical manifestations were relieved except the abdominal pain. Enhanced computed tomography showed distinct enlargement of the GB, and a congenital choledochal cyst was strongly suspected. After high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, his obviously enlarged GB returned to normal size in the subacute phase. No abnormality was found during 2 years of follow-up. Prominent GB enlargement may emerge in the acute stage of KD. The enlarged GB can return to normal size within the subacute stage by standard treatment for KD. Proper diagnosis, thorough differential diagnosis, and active anti-inflammatory treatment of KD are crucial to avoid surgery.
Quantification Metrics and Analysis of Human Factor, Workload, and Road Infrastructure
Authors: Tignor Samuel C.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes how human factors (HF) and user workload (WL) can be used by highway designers and traffic engineers to quantify the potential safety of sections of highway. Users’ WL is a quantitative measure of HF. Both HF and WL are used successfully in other fields, such as aviation when pilots have difficulty in using instruments and in touch-down before the start or end of the runway. The traditional highway approach of gauging success is by counting crashes. But with fatalities exceeding 30,000 a year for more than 20 years, the time is right for a new method of analysis. The author has integrated specific WL metrics into a simplified example to aid designers, traffic engineers, and safety analysts in assessing user problems before building new projects or road upgrades. The example uses static and dynamic WL and alternating renewal (AR) metrics (not used by others) to quantify user WL in highway segments for the purpose of illustrating the variation of design and operational safety conditions. The example can be easily modified when new metrics are created, and it illustrates the use of WL and its associated highway safety implications. In short, the approach is based on common sense with trained engineering experience and logic integrated into data-driven safety analyses. The example is a continuation of an earlier FHWA research study illustrating the application of road safety audits and the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The IHSDM, Excel, and Google Earth were used because no funding was available for on-road data collection.
The relevance of the LEADS framework during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dickson Graham Stewart , Taylor Deanne , Hartney Elizabeth , Tholl Bill , Grimes Kelly , Chan Ming-Ka , Van Aerde John , Horsley Tanya , Melis Ellen
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 has created a unique context for the practice of leadership in healthcare. Given the significant use of the LEADS in a Caring Environment capabilities framework (LEADS) in Canada’s health system, it is important to document the relevancy of LEADS. The authors reviewed literature, conducted research, and reflected on their own experience to identify leadership practices during the pandemic and related them to LEADS. Findings are presented in three sections: Hindsight (before), Insight (during), and Foresight (post). We profile the issue of improving long-term Care to provide an example of how LEADS can be applied in crisis times. Our analysis suggests that while LEADS appears to specify the leadership capabilities needed, it requires adaptation to context. The vision Canada has for healthcare will dictate how LEADS will be used as a guide to leadership practice in the current context or to shape a bolder vision of healthcare’s future.