bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The D∗Dπ and B∗Bπ couplings from light-cone sum rules
Authors: Khodjamirian Alexander , Melić Blaženka , Wang Yu-Ming , Wei Yan-Bing
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We revisit the calculation of the strong couplings D∗Dπ and B∗Bπ from the QCD light-cone sum rules using the pion light-cone distribution amplitudes. The accuracy of the correlation function, calculated from the operator product expansion near the light-cone, is upgraded by taking into account the gluon radiative corrections to the twist-3 terms. The double spectral density of the correlation function, including the twist-2, 3 terms at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\right) $$
O

α
s

and the twist-4 LO terms, is presented in an analytical form for the first time. This form allows us to use various versions of the quark-hadron duality regions in the double dispersion relation underlying the sum rules. We predict $$ {g}_{D^{\ast } D\pi}={14.1}_{-1.2}^{+1.3} $$

g

D
∗

Dπ

=

14.1

−
1.2

+
1.3

and $$ {g}_{B^{\ast } B\pi}={30.0}_{-2.4}^{+2.6} $$

g

B
∗

Bπ

=

30.0

−
2.4

+
2.6

when the decay constants of heavy mesons entering the light-cone sum rule are taken from lattice QCD results. We compare our results with the experimental value for the charmed meson coupling and with the lattice QCD calculations.
Holographic scalar and vector exchange in OTOCs and pole-skipping phenomena
Authors: Lee Kyung-Sun , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Kim Keun-Young
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study scalar and vector exchange terms in out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) holographically. By applying a computational method in graviton exchange, we analyze exponential behaviors in scalar and vector exchange terms at late times. We show that their exponential behaviors in simple holographic models are related to pole-skipping points obtained from the near-horizon equations of motion of scalar and the vector fields. Our results are generalizations of the relation between the graviton exchange effect in OTOCs and the pole-skipping phenomena of the dual operator, to scalar and the vector fields.
On the D(–1)/D7-brane systems
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Fucito F. , Gallot L. , Lerda A. , Morales J. F.
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study non-perturbative effects in supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories in eight dimensions realized by means of D(–1)/D7-brane systems with non-trivial world-volume fluxes turned on. Using an explicit string construction in terms of vertex operators, we derive the action for the open strings ending on the D(–1)-branes and exhibit its BRST structure. The space of vacua for these open strings is shown to be in correspondence with the moduli space of generalized ADHM gauge connections which trigger the non-perturbative corrections in the eight-dimensional theory. These corrections are computed via localization and turn out to depend on the curved background used to localize the integrals on the instanton moduli space, and vanish in flat space. Finally, we show that for specific choices of the background the instanton partition functions reduce to weighted sums of the solid partitions of the integers.
Trends in incidence rate, health care use, and costs due to rib fractures in the Netherlands
Authors: Prins Jonne T. H. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Wooldrik Sophie M. , Panneman Martien J. M. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to examine population-based trends in the incidence rate, health care consumption, and work absence with associated costs in patients with rib fractures.

Methods

A retrospective nationwide epidemiologic study was performed with data from patients with one or more rib fractures presented or admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 and have been registered in the Dutch Injury Surveillance System (DISS) or the Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR). Incidence rates were calculated using data from Statistics Netherlands. The associated direct health care costs, costs for lost productivity, and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using data from a questionnaire.

Results

In the 4-year study period, a total of 32,124 patients were registered of which 19,885 (61.9%) required hospitalization with a mean duration of 7.7 days. The incidence rate for the total cohort was 47.1 per 100,000 person years and increased with age. The mean associated direct health care costs were €6785 per patient and showed a sharp increase after the age of 75 years. The mean duration of work absence was 44.2 days with associated mean indirect costs for lost productivity of €22,886 per patient. The mean YLD was 0.35 years and decreased with age.

Conclusion

Rib fractures are common and associated with lengthy HLOS and work absenteeism as well as high direct and indirect costs which appear to be similar between patients with one or multiple rib fractures and mostly affected by admitted patients and age.
Double plating is associated with higher fixation strength than single plating in osteoporotic fractures of the scapular spine: a biomechanical study
Authors: Katthagen J. Christoph , Sußiek Julia , Frank Andre , Wermers Jens , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

The number of atraumatic stress fractures of the scapular spine associated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty is increasing. At present, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment strategy. Due to the already weakened bone, fractures of the scapular spine require a high fixation stability. Higher fixation strength may be achieved by double plating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical principles of double plating in comparison to single plating for scapular spine fractures.

Methods

In this study, eight pairs (n = 16) of human shoulders were randomised pairwise into two groups. After an osteotomy at the level of the spinoglenoid notch, one side of each pair received fracture fixation with a single 3.5 LCP (Locking Compression Plate) plate. The contralateral scapular spine was fixed with a 3.5 LCP and an additional 2.7 LCP plate in 90–90 configuration.

The biomechanical test protocol consisted of 700 cycles of dynamic loading and a load-to-failure test with a servohydraulic testing machine. Failure was defined as macroscopic catastrophic failure (screw cut-out, plate breakage). The focus was set on the results of specimens with osteoporotic bone quality.

Results

In specimens with an osteoporotic bone mineral density (BMD; n = 12), the mean failure load was significantly higher for the double plate group compared to single plating (471 N vs. 328 N; p = 0.029). Analysis of all specimens (n = 16) including four specimens without osteoporotic BMD revealed no significant differences regarding stiffness and failure load (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Double plating may provide higher fixation strength in osteoporotic bone in comparison to a single plate alone. This finding is of particular relevance for fixation of scapular spine fractures following reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Level of evidence

Controlled laboratory study.
Three-dimensional quantification of tree architecture from mobile laser scanning and geometry analysis
Authors: Dorji Yonten , Schuldt Bernhard , Neudam Liane , Dorji Rinzin , Middleby Kali , Isasa Emilie , Körber Klaus , Ammer Christian , Annighöfer Peter , Seidel Dominik
Published: April 2021

Key message

Mobile laser scanning and geometrical analysis revealed relationships between tree geometry and seed dispersal mechanism, latitude of origin, as well as growth.

The structure and dynamics of a forest are defined by the architecture and growth patterns of its individual trees. In turn, tree architecture and growth result from the interplay between the genetic building plans and environmental factors. We set out to investigate whether (1) latitudinal adaptations of the crown shape occur due to characteristic solar elevation angles at a species’ origin, (2) architectural differences in trees are related to seed dispersal strategies, and (3) tree architecture relates to tree growth performance. We used mobile laser scanning (MLS) to scan 473 trees and generated three-dimensional data of each tree. Tree architectural complexity was then characterized by fractal analysis using the box-dimension approach along with a topological measure of the top heaviness of a tree. The tree species studied originated from various latitudinal ranges, but were grown in the same environmental settings in the arboretum. We found that trees originating from higher latitudes had significantly less top-heavy geometries than those from lower latitudes. Therefore, to a certain degree, the crown shape of tree species seems to be determined by their original habitat. We also found that tree species with wind-dispersed seeds had a higher structural complexity than those with animal-dispersed seeds (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tree architectural complexity was positively related to the growth performance of the trees (p < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 3D data from MLS in combination with geometrical analysis, including fractal analysis, is a promising tool to investigate tree architecture.
Effect of lumbar laminectomy on spinal sagittal alignment: a systematic review
Authors: Hatakka Juho , Pernaa Katri , Rantakokko Juho , Laaksonen Inari , Saltychev Mikhail
Published: April 2021

Purpose

Positive spinal sagittal alignment is known to correlate with pain and disability. The association between lumbar spinal stenosis and spinal sagittal alignment is less known, as is the effect of lumbar decompressive surgery on the change in that alignment. The objective was to study the evidence on the effect of lumbar decompressive surgery on sagittal spinopelvic alignment.

Methods

The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2019, unrestricted by date of publication. The study selection was performed by two independent reviewers. The risk of systematic bias was assessed according to the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. The data were extracted using a pre-defined standardized form.

Results

The search resulted in 807 records. Of these, 18 were considered relevant for the qualitative analysis and 15 for the meta-synthesis. The sample size varied from 21 to 89 and the average age was around 70 years. Decompression was mostly performed on one or two levels and the surgical techniques varied widely. The pooled effect sizes were most statistically significant but small. For lumbar lordosis, the effect size was 3.0 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.7) degrees. Respectively, for pelvic tilt and sagittal vertical axis, the effect sizes were − 1.6 (95% CI .2.6 to − 0.5) degrees and − 9.6 (95% CI − 16.0 to − 3.3) mm.

Conclusions

It appears that decompression may have a small, statistically significant but probably clinically insignificant effect on lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis and pelvic tilt.
Three-dimensional quantification of twisting in the Arabidopsis petiole
Authors: Otsuka Yuta , Tsukaya Hirokazu
Published: April 2021

Organisms have a variety of three-dimensional (3D) structures that change over time. These changes include twisting, which is 3D deformation that cannot happen in two dimensions. Twisting is linked to important adaptive functions of organs, such as adjusting the orientation of leaves and flowers in plants to align with environmental stimuli (e.g. light, gravity). Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism for twisting remains to be determined, partly because there is no rigorous method for quantifying the twisting of plant organs. Conventional studies have relied on approximate measurements of the twisting angle in 2D, with arbitrary choices of observation angle. Here, we present the first rigorous quantification of the 3D twisting angles of Arabidopsis petioles based on light sheet microscopy. Mathematical separation of bending and twisting with strict definition of petiole cross-sections were implemented; differences in the spatial distribution of bending and twisting were detected via the quantification of angles along the petiole. Based on the measured values, we discuss that minute degrees of differential growth can result in pronounced twisting in petioles.
Conversational commerce: entering the next stage of AI-powered digital assistants
Authors: Balakrishnan Janarthanan , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: April 2021

Digital assistant is a recent advancement benefited through data-driven innovation. Though digital assistants have become an integral member of user conversations, but there is no theory that relates user perception towards this AI powered technology. The purpose of the research is to investigate the role of technology attitude and AI attributes in enhancing purchase intention through digital assistants. A conceptual model is proposed after identifying three major AI factors namely, perceived anthropomorphism, perceived intelligence, and perceived animacy. To test the model, the study employed structural equation modeling using 440 sample. The results indicated that perceived anthropomorphism plays the most significant role in building a positive attitude and purchase intention through digital assistants. Though the study is built using technology-related variables, the hypotheses are proposed based on various psychology-related theories such as uncanny valley theory, the theory of mind, developmental psychology, and cognitive psychology theory. The study’s theoretical contributions are discussed within the scope of these theories. Besides the theoretical contribution, the study also offers illuminating practical implications for developers and marketers’ benefit.
Earth, Technology, Language: A Contribution to Holistic and Transcendental Revisions After the Artifactual Turn
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark
Published: April 2021

The empirical turn, understood as a turn to the artifact in the work of Ihde, has been a fruitful one, which has rightly abandoned what Serres and Latour call “the empire of signs” of the postmoderns. However, this has unfortunately implied too little attention for language and its relation to technology. The same can be said about the social dimension of technology use, which is largely neglected in postphenomenology. This talk critically responds to Ihde (mainly) and Stiegler, and sketches a Wittgensteinian inroad to a more holistic and transcendental revision of postphenomenology which does not turn away from the artifact but places it in a wider social context and asks the question regarding the relation between language and technology. Finally, since the earth may be the ultimate condition of possibility, it is asked what this language-sensitive and transcendental approach may imply for rethinking our human position and agency in the Anthropocene. The paper ends with pointing to the role of language as transcendental condition that shapes the very project of thinking the “Anthropocene.”
An integer programming model to assign patients based on mental health impact for tele-psychotherapy intervention during the Covid–19 emergency
Authors: Miniguano-Trujillo Andrés , Salazar Fernanda , Torres Ramiro , Arias Patricio , Sotomayor Koraima
Published: April 2021

The Covid–19 pandemic challenges healthcare systems worldwide while severely impacting mental health. As a result, the rising demand for psychological assistance during crisis times requires early and effective intervention. This contributes to the well-being of the public and front-line workers and prevents mental health disorders. Many countries are offering diverse and accessible services of tele-psychological intervention; Ecuador is not the exception. The present study combines statistical analyses and discrete optimization techniques to solve the problem of assigning patients to therapists for crisis intervention with a single tele-psychotherapy session. The statistical analyses showed that professionals and healthcare workers in contact with Covid–19 patients or with a confirmed diagnosis had a significant relationship with suicide risk, sadness, experiential avoidance, and perception of severity. Moreover, some Covid–19-related variables were found to be predictors of sadness and suicide risk as unveiled via path analysis. This allowed categorizing patients according to their screening and grouping therapists according to their qualifications. With this stratification, a multi-periodic optimization model and a heuristic are proposed to find an adequate assignment of patients to therapists over time. The integer programming model was validated with real-world data, and its results were applied in a volunteer program in Ecuador.
Quality 4.0: a review of big data challenges in manufacturing
Authors: Escobar Carlos A. , McGovern Megan E. , Morales-Menendez Ruben
Published: April 2021

Industrial big data and artificial intelligence are propelling a new era of manufacturing, smart manufacturing. Although these driving technologies have the capacity to advance the state of the art in manufacturing, it is not trivial to do so. Current benchmarks of quality, conformance, productivity, and innovation in industrial manufacturing have set a very high bar for machine learning algorithms. A new concept has recently appeared to address this challenge: Quality 4.0. This name was derived from the pursuit of performance excellence during these times of potentially disruptive digital transformation. The hype surrounding artificial intelligence has influenced many quality leaders take an interest in deploying a Quality 4.0 initiative. According to recent surveys, however, 80–87% of the big data projects never generate a sustainable solution. Moreover, surveys have indicated that most quality leaders do not have a clear vision about how to create value of out these technologies. In this manuscript, the process monitoring for quality initiative, Quality 4.0, is reviewed. Then four relevant issues are identified (paradigm, project selection, process redesign and relearning problems) that must be understood and addressed for successful implementation. Based on this study, a novel 7-step problem solving strategy is introduced. The proposed strategy increases the likelihood of successfully deploying this Quality 4.0 initiative.
Obtaining and main dielectric properties of Ba0.6Pb0.4TiO3/graphene oxide composite
Authors: Skulski Ryszard , Bochenek Dariusz , Brzezińska Dagmara , Stobiński Leszek , Niemiec Przemysław , Dercz Grzegorz , Osińska Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

The paper describes the technology of obtaining and the results of the investigations of microstructure, XRD, SEM, main dielectric properties, electrical conductivity measurements andP-Ehysteresis loops of Ba0.6Pb0.4TiO3/graphene oxide composite (abbr. BPT/GO). In the final step of the technology, the samples have been sintered using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. Diffraction patterns of the BPT/GO composite exhibit lines which can be related to perovskite structure. They also reveal additional lines that can be derived from the initial component oxides. Investigations of electrical conductivity suggest that the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect occurs at temperatures up to approximately 120 °C. Dielectric hysteresis loops below 90 °C are wide and typical for materials with rather high electrical conductivity. The hysteresis loop obtained at 120 °C is more typical for ferroelectrics. The obtained material is interesting, nevertheless it is probably possible to find better conditions of obtaining and/or a better composition thereof.
A Comprehensive Model for Gambling Behaviors: Assessment of the Factors that can Contribute to the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Gambling Disorder
Authors: Gori Alessio , Topino Eleonora , Craparo Giuseppe , Bagnoli Ilaria , Caretti Vincenzo , Schimmenti Adriano
Published: April 2021

Gambling Disorder is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon which requires a careful understanding by analysing both the life experiences and the psychopathological components linked to this type of behaviour. This study aimed to apply a Comprehensive Model of Addiction and to delve deeper the dimensions involved in the vulnerability and maintenance of the disease. Therefore, the effect of alexithymia and traumatic experiences in mediating the relationship between insecure attachment and dissociation, as well as the roles of impulsiveness and compulsiveness in influencing obsessiveness were explored in pathological gamblers. A sample composed of 253 individuals with a mean age of 47.8 years (SD = 12.4) with a diagnosis of Gambling Disorder (82.6% males, 17.4% females) completed the battery of measures. Results showed that alexithymia significantly mediates the relationship between insecure attachment and dissociation, while no significance was found in the effect of complex trauma. Furthermore, a significant impact role of impulsiveness and compulsiveness in determining obsessiveness was found. Therefore, the data suggested that alexithymia may increase the risk of developing a gambling disorder, mediating the association between insecure attachment and dissociation. The model of craving which could have a core role in disease maintenance processes was also confirmed, highlighting a significant influence of impulsiveness and compulsiveness on obsessiveness. Such findings might have relevant implications to increase the effectiveness of both preventive interventions and therapeutic works, favouring positive results for a better mental health of the subjects.
Refining Landauer’s Stack: Balancing Error and Dissipation When Erasing Information
Authors: Wimsatt Gregory W. , Boyd Alexander B. , Riechers Paul M. , Crutchfield James P.
Published: April 2021

Nonequilibrium information thermodynamics determines the minimum energy dissipation to reliably erase memory under time-symmetric control protocols. We demonstrate that its bounds are tight and so show that the costs overwhelm those implied by Landauer’s energy bound on information erasure. Moreover, in the limit of perfect computation, the costs diverge. The conclusion is that time-asymmetric protocols should be developed for efficient, accurate thermodynamic computing. And, that Landauer’s Stack—the full suite of theoretically-predicted thermodynamic costs—is ready for experimental test and calibration.
Multiobjective optimization and decision making in engineering sciences
Authors: Hakanen Jussi , Allmendinger Richard
Published: April 2021

Real-world decision making problems in various fields including engineering sciences are becoming ever more challenging to address. The consideration of various competing criteria related to, for example, business, technical, workforce, safety and environmental aspects increases the complexity of decision making and leads to problems that feature multiple competing criteria. A key challenge in such problems is the identification of the most preferred trade-off solution(s) with respect to the competing criteria. Therefore, the effective combination of data, skills, and advanced engineering and management technologies is becoming a key asset to a company urging the need to rethink how to tackle modern decision making problems. This special issue focuses on the intersection between engineering, multiple criteria decision making, multiobjective optimization, and data science. The development of new models and algorithmic methods to solve such problems is in the focus as much as the application of these concepts to real problems. This special issue was motivated by the 25th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM2019) held in Istanbul, Turkey, in 2019.
Enablers of exit through trade sale: the case of early-stage research-based spin-offs
Authors: Mathisen Marius Tuft , Shankar Raj Krishnan , Widding Øystein , Rasmussen Einar , McKelvie Alexander
Published: April 2021

A significant share of new technology-based ventures exit through trade sale at an early stage of firm development. While trade sale is an important exit route for entrepreneurs and investors, and a potential source of new innovations and technology for acquiring firms, we have limited knowledge about the factors that help to effectively achieve a trade sale. We employ a unique dataset tracking the population of research-based spin-offs in Norway and conduct in-depth case studies of nine trade sales. Building on 52 interviews and other secondary data, we inductively develop propositions outlining three dimensions that lead to a successful trade sale—potential synergies, credible alternatives, and uncertainty reduction. We show that these enablers of trade sales are not only linked to the focal venture but also related to the idiosyncratic dyad with the buyer, reflecting both the potential for and likelihood of trade sale. Consequently, our study contributes to the literatures on entrepreneurial exit and academic entrepreneurship by mapping the important but under-explored area of trade sale as an exit mode.

Plain English SummaryPotential synergies and credible alternatives increase the potential of a research-based spin-offs’ trade sale, but the likelihood of a trade sale depends on how uncertainty reduction is managed. A trade sale is an important exit route for entrepreneurs and investors, and a potential source of new innovations and technology for acquiring firms. Research-based spin-offs are often acquired during their early stages of development by large corporations. We track the population of Norwegian research-based spin-offs and study nine trade sales in depth. Our findings concerning the importance of synergy potential, credible alternatives, and uncertainty reduction have implications for both academic entrepreneurs and potential buyers for how they can complete an exit through trade sale. Since scientific research is critical for society, our findings have implications for policymakers in the form of interesting ideas for influencing trade sales, a potentially important route for commercialization of scientific research.
Infektionen und Lebertransplantation
Authors: Queck A. , Ferstl P. , Bruns T. , Trebicka J.
Published: April 2021

Akute hepatische Dekompensationen werden häufig durch bakterielle Infektionen ausgelöst und zeichnen häufig einen schlechten Verlauf der Leberzirrhose aus, der kurativ nur durch die Transplantation behandelt werden kann. Neben der spontanen bakteriellen Peritonitis stellen Harnwegs‑, Atemwegs- und Weichteilinfektionen die häufigsten Entitäten bakterieller Infektionen bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose dar. In der Diagnostik und Therapie dieser Infektionen muss die weltweit steigende Prävalenz multiresistenter Erreger beachtet werden, insbesondere aufgrund deren erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität auf dem Boden der dekompensierten Zirrhose. Der hohen Mortalität der fortgeschrittenen Leberzirrhose steht ein 1‑Jahres-Überleben über 80 % nach Lebertransplantation in Deutschland gegenüber, wobei eine Diskrepanz zwischen verfügbaren Spenderorganen und Patienten auf der Warteliste für eine Lebertransplantation besteht. Trotz der Priorisierung nach Dringlichkeit der Transplantation und der Möglichkeit der Leberlebendspende versterben jährlich Patienten vor Erhalt eines Spenderorgans. Dies unterstreicht den hohen Stellenwert der Organspende sowie der Notwendigkeit einer hohen Achtsamkeit in der Transplantationsmedizin.
Guiding Academic Clinician Educators at Research-Intensive Institutions: a Framework for Chairs, Chiefs, and Mentors
Authors: Chang Anna , Schwartz Brian S. , Harleman Elizabeth , Johnson Meshell , Walter Louise C. , Fernandez Alicia
Published: April 2021

Department chairs and division chiefs at research-intensive academic medical centers often find mentoring clinician educators challenging. These faculty constitute the majority of academic physicians. Supporting excellent clinician educators is key to ensuring high-quality patient care and developing tomorrow’s physicians. Little has been written for leaders on strategies to advance academic clinician educators’ career success. We present a framework to guide chairs, chiefs, and mentors seeking to address clinician educator retention and satisfaction in academic medical centers.
Spring recharge and groundwater flow patterns in flysch aquifer in the Połonina Wetlińska Massif in the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Mostowik Karolina , Krzyczman Damian , Płaczkowska Eliza , Rzonca Bartłomiej , Siwek Janusz , Wacławczyk Patryk
Published: April 2021

Flysch-type aquifers in the Eastern Carpathians usually feed periodic and low-discharge springs. However, in some areas, such as in the upper part of the Połonina Wetlińska Massif, perennial springs with a relatively high discharge were identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify recharge and groundwater flow patterns of three high-discharge springs based on the response of spring discharge to rainfall and on the relationship between specific electrical conductivity of water and spring discharge. The relation between spring discharge and rainfall was investigated by cross-correlation analyses. Generally, cumulative rainfall over a period from 10 days to 3 months is most strongly correlated with discharge; however, the response time of spring discharge varies throughout the year. Faster response to rainfall occurs in the spring after snowmelt, while in the summer and autumn months the response time increases. Two flow systems were identified: 1) a relatively deep, fissure-pore flow system with a long response time to precipitation and 2) a shallow, fissure-dominated system with a short response time, which is superimposed on the longer response. A small range of specific electrical conductivity combined with the varying discharge of two springs suggests that dilution of groundwater by rainwater does not play a significant role. The differences in the studied springs’ response to rainfall can be attributed to the recharge area, regolith features and local bedrock structures, i.e. occurrence of joints and faults, monoclinal dip of rock layers and gravitational slope deformations including ridge-top trenches, which, thus far, have been underestimated in determining groundwater storage capacity in the flysch part of the Carpathians.
CFD Modeling of Multiphase Flow in an SKS Furnace: The Effect of Tuyere Arrangements
Authors: Song Kezhou , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: April 2021

The emerging bottom blown copper smelting (SKS) technology has attracted growing interest since it came into production. To further reveal the agitation behavior inside the bath and optimize the variable parameters, CFD simulation was conducted on a scaled down SKS furnace model with different tuyere arrangements. The Multi-Fluid VOF model was used for the first time in SKS furnace simulation and the simulated results show good agreement with an experimental water model reported in the literature, in terms of plume shape and surface wave. It was found that a low velocity region would appear on the opposite side of the bubble plume and persisted for a long time. To enhance the agitation in the low velocity region and reduce the dead zone area, an arrangement with tuyeres installed at each side of the furnace was recommended. Results suggested that a smaller tuyere angle difference would help to strengthen the agitation in the system. However, further investigation indicated that the difference in tuyere angle between two rows of tuyeres should be limited within a certain range to balance the requirements of higher agitation efficiency and longer lining refractory lifespan.
Ibrutinib in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ren Liangliang , Li Ling , Zhang Lei , Li Xin , Fu Xiaorui , Wang Xinhua , Wu Jingjing , Sun Zhenchang , Feng Xiaoyan , Chang Yu , Zhou Zhiyuan , Nan Feifei , Yan Jiaqin , Kong Fei , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: April 2021

Limited treatment options are available for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (RR DLBCL). Few clinical studies have reported the use of Ibrutinib, a covalent Bruton Tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, in RR DLBCL. There are relatively few clinical studies about Ibrutinib in RR DLBCL now. We retrospectively investigated the safety and efficacy of Ibrutinib (alone or in combination with other drugs) in patients with RR DLBCL. We reviewed the medical records of 40 RR DLBCL patients who received Ibrutinib alone or in combination with other drugs in our hospital from June 2018 to August 2020. The objective response rate (ORR) of RR DLBCL patients on Ibrutinib was 22.5%. The median progression free survival time (PFS) was 13.0 months (95% CI 8.914–17.086), and the median overall survival time (OS) was 15.0 months (95% CI 11.931–18.089). Rash (25.0%) and fatigue (25.0%) were the most common adverse reactions in this study. The application of Ibrutinib to patients with RR DLBCL has good short-term efficacy, and the adverse reactions are well tolerated. Combined treatment of Ibrutinib with other drugs has been found to more effective than Ibrutinib therapy alone.
Establishment of the Psychometric Properties of a Disaster Resilience Measuring Tool for Healthcare Rescuers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mao Xiaorong , Chen Kang , Hu Xiuying , Wen Xianxiu , Loke Alice Yuen
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the disaster resilience of healthcare disaster rescuers. A cross-sectional study involving 936 healthcare disaster rescuers of the Sichuan Disaster Response Team was conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the disaster resilience measuring tool (DRMT). Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the data. Item analysis showed that all but three items had the critical ratio over 3, which indicates adequate discriminability for inclusion in the measuring tool. The exploratory factor analysis showed that 65.93% of the total variance was explained by four factors—self-efficacy, social support, positive growth, and altruism. The confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness of fit for the four-factor model: CMIN/DF (2.846), GFI (0.916 ≥ 0.90), CFI (0.949 ≥ 0.90), AGFI (0.891 ≥ 0.80), and RMSEA (0.063 ≤ 0.08). Criterion validity demonstrated significant associations of the DRMT and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (P< 0.01,r= 0.566). Convergent validity was established by correlation with stress (P< 0.05,r= − 0.095), depression (P< 0.01,r= − 0.127), posttraumatic stress disorder-PCL-C (P< 0.05, r = − 0.100), compassion satisfaction (P< 0.01,r= 0.536), and burnout (P< 0.01,r= − 0.330). The DRMT demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.84) and stability over the two-week study period (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.85), and a cut-off point of 61 was suggested. The disaster resilience measuring tool has satisfactory psychometric properties and is a valid, reliable, and valuable instrument for assessing disaster resilience in healthcare rescue workers. The scale needs to be tested further among other populations and those from other cultures.
Comparison-based centrality measures
Authors: Rendsburg Luca , Garreau Damien
Published: April 2021

Recently, learning only from ordinal information of the type “itemxis closer to itemythan to itemz” has received increasing attention in the machine learning community. Such triplet comparisons are particularly well suited for learning from crowdsourced human intelligence tasks, in which workers make statements about the relative distances in a triplet of items. In this paper, we systematically investigate comparison-based centrality measures on triplets and theoretically analyze their underlying Euclidean notion of centrality. Two such measures already appear in the literature under opposing approaches, and we propose a third measure, which is a natural compromise between these two. We further discuss their relation to statistical depth functions, which comprise desirable properties for centrality measures, and conclude with experiments on real and synthetic datasets for medoid estimation and outlier detection.
Optimal trajectory planning of complicated robotic timber joints based on particle swarm optimization and an adaptive genetic algorithm
Authors: Meng Yiping , Sun Yiming , Chang Wen-shao
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a methodology for path distance and time synthetic optimal trajectory planning is described in order to improve the work efficiency of a robotic chainsaw when dealing with cutting complex timber joints. To demonstrate this approach one specific complicated timber joint is used as an example. The trajectory is interpolated in the joint space by using a quantic polynomial function which enables the trajectory to be constrained in the kinematic limits of velocity, acceleration, and jerk. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to optimize the path of all cutting surfaces of the timber joint in operating space to achieve the shortest path. Based on the optimal path, an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is used to optimize the time interval of interpolation points of every joint to realize the time-optimal trajectory. The results of the simulation show that the PSO method shortens the distance of the trajectory and that the AGA algorithm reduces time intervals and helps to obtain smooth trajectories, validating the effectiveness and practicability of the two proposed methodology on path and time optimization for 6-DOF robots when used in cutting tasks.
New Visualization Models of Designation Pathway and Group Categorization of Device–Drug and Device–Biologic Combination Products Classification in the United States: Analysis of FDA Capsular Decisions
Authors: Uemura Nobuo , Kasanuki Hiroshi , Umezu Mitsuo
Published: April 2021

Objective

The developer and sponsor of new combination products in US needs to forecast which classification and designation to the regulatory scheme of drug, biological product, or device would be required for the new products by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

To improve the predictability and acceptability of the designation of new combination products for innovators, developers, and sponsors, and to encourage the development and early access of new combination products, we proposed new visualization models of the designation pathway and group categorization.

Method

We searched the website of the FDA on 15 November, 2020 to identify the regulatory scheme of the FDA’s 129 capsular decision cases of device–drug and device–biologics combination products and other publicly available cases the FDA designated to the drug/biologic or device regulatory scheme.

Results

By introducing a new definition for primary intended use (PIU) by developers and sponsors extracted from the classification factors of primary mode of action (PMOA), we developed new visualization models of the designation pathway and two-dimensional group categorization. And applying these models to the cases the FDA designated, we proposed a new group categorization of combination products while focusing on the device component function.

Conclusions

The new visualization models with PIU and PMOA and the new group categorization focusing on the device component function proposed in this study may increase predictability and acceptability of the classification of newly developed combination products into the regulatory scheme of drug, biological product, and device, for innovators, developers, and sponsors.
The Jolly Corner and Other Tales, 1903–1910
Authors: James Henry
Published: April 2021

The Cambridge Edition of the Complete Fiction of Henry James provides, for the first time, a scholarly edition of a major writer whose work continues to be read, quoted, adapted and studied. The Jolly Corner and Other Tales, 1903–1910 includes the final ten stories James wrote. Many involve satirical critiques of an increasingly narcissistic, acquisitive society - from 'The Papers', with its attack on celebrity culture, to 'The Birthplace', offering a sardonic view of the Shakespeare industry, and 'A Round of Visits', which conducts a horrified tour through selfishness and swindling in early twentieth-century New York. The title story itself was in James's own view 'a miraculous masterpiece in the line of the fantastic-gruesome, the supernatural-thrilling … the best thing of this sort I've ever done'. With its extensive textual history and wide-ranging notes, this volume will interest not only James scholars, but all students of early twentieth-century Anglo-American literature and culture.
A comparative study of conventional and tri-lobed stratospheric airships
Authors: Manikandan M. , Pant R.S.
Published: April 2021

The design and development of Stratospheric Airships for High-Altitude Long-Endurance missions (HALESAs) has generated interest worldwide. Conventional airships usually have a single-lobed axisymmetrical envelope shape. In contrast, several non-axisymmetric envelope configurations have been proposed for the HALESAs, such as flattened single lobed and multi lobed. This paper describes a methodology for carrying out a comparative analysis of a conventional HALESA and the multi-lobed HALESA designed for the same design mission. A sizing methodology which enables the estimation of its design parameters to meet some user-specified requirements has been developed for airships with envelopes of both these shapes. A Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation (MDO) approach has been followed in this methodology, which includes considerations from the disciplines of aerodynamics, energy, environment and structures. The study indicates that the envelope volume, solar array area and total mass of the single-lobed conventional airship are better than those of the tri-lobed HALESA. While the multi-lobed HALESA has the advantage of a flatter upper surface resulting in higher efficiency of the solar panels, the conventional airship has lower drag, which results in superior mission performance.
Discriminative Utility of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Derived Markers of Cortical Excitability for Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Ferris Jennifer K. , Gao Fuqiang , Honjo Kie , Boyd Lara A.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Several guidelines currently recommend acute diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for the detection of ischemia in transient ischemic attack (TIA). However, DWI hyperintensities resolve early and only 30%–50% with clinically defined TIA show acute DWI positivity. A recent meta-analysis reported an unexplained 7-fold variation in DWI positivity in TIA across studies, concluding that DWI does not provide a consistent basis for defining ischemia. Intracortical excitability, measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has previously been shown to be altered after TIA and associated with ABCD2 scores; however, whether altered cortical excitability is associated with clinical and DWI-based definitions of TIA remains unclear.

Methods:

Individuals with TIA symptoms (N = 23; mean age = 61 ± 12) were prospectively recruited and underwent DWI and paired-pulse TMS. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate associations between TMS-derived excitability thresholds, and clinical TIA diagnosis, and imaging-based evidence of cerebral ischemia (DWI positivity). Area under the curve (AUC) analyses was used to compare the discriminability of TMS-derived thresholds and clinical TIA diagnoses.

Results:

Thresholds for intracortical inhibition in the TIA-unaffected hemisphere were significantly associated with the clinical diagnosis of TIA. No associations between TMS-derived thresholds and DWI positivity were observed. TMS thresholds showed low-moderate discriminability and values differed by age (65+) and sex.

Conclusions:

In this small sample, TMS-derived markers of intracortical excitability were associated with clinical TIA diagnoses but not DWI positivity. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the potential discriminative utility of TMS for the diagnosis of TIA and highlight the need for future work in larger cohorts.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson’s Disease: a Single-Centered Qualitative Study
Authors: Anghelescu Beatrice Ana-Maria , Bruno Veronica , Martino Davide , Roach Pamela
Published: April 2021

Background:

The public health measure restrictions across the world due to COVID-19 have inadvertently impacted the routines for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their care partners not only in terms of compromised neurological clinical care but also drastically changing the way of life to minimize the risk of becoming infected. This study explores initial PD patients’ lived experiences to observe how quality of life and health care has been affected at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide insight into the importance of patient engagement and virtual care.

Methods:

Twenty-two virtual, in-depth semi-structured interviews with persons diagnosed with PD who usually attend a Movement Disorders specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, were completed between April 28 and May 13, 2020, and the care partners that wished to participate. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, after which transcripts were analyzed and coded into relevant themes using NVivo 12.

Results:

Impacts from the public health measures and COVID-19 results into three main themes: (1) Impacts of COVID-19 on PD Clinical Care; (2) Activities of Daily Living; (3) Attitudes and Perceptions. Participants reported worsening in motor and nonmotor symptoms and had to accommodate to clinical care via virtual means which were associated with limitations and suggestions for improvement of remote care.

Conclusion:

This study provides a unique opportunity for researchers to better understand the lived experiences of PD patients in all aspects of their life suggesting that innovative means are needed for facilitating virtual health care medicine and increased social interaction.
Feature extraction and artificial neural networks for the on-the-fly classification of high-dimensional thermochemical spaces in adaptive-chemistry simulations
Authors: D’Alessio Giuseppe , Cuoci Alberto , Parente Alessandro
Published: April 2021

The integration of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Feature Extraction (FE) in the context of the Sample- Partitioning Adaptive Reduced Chemistry approach was investigated in this work, to increase the on-the-fly classification accuracy for very large thermochemical states. The proposed methodology was firstly compared with an on-the-fly classifier based on the Principal Component Analysis reconstruction error, as well as with a standard ANN (s-ANN) classifier, operating on the full thermochemical space, for the adaptive simulation of a steady laminar flame fed with a nitrogen-diluted stream of n-heptane in air. The numerical simulations were carried out with a kinetic mechanism accounting for 172 species and 6,067 reactions, which includes the chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) up to C

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. Among all the aforementioned classifiers, the one exploiting the combination of an FE step with ANN proved to be more efficient for the classification of high-dimensional spaces, leading to a higher speed-up factor and a higher accuracy of the adaptive simulation in the description of the PAH and soot-precursor chemistry. Finally, the investigation of the classifier’s performances was also extended to flames with different boundary conditions with respect to the training one, obtained imposing a higher Reynolds number or time-dependent sinusoidal perturbations. Satisfying results were observed on all the test flames.
Limited impact of an ultraviolet disinfection intervention on hygienic behaviors of nursing staff in a military hospital
Authors: Blanchard Dawn M. , Resendiz Marisol , Lustik Michael B. , West Gordon F.
Published: April 2021

Ultraviolet disinfection (UV-C), though effective, has not been thoroughly evaluated at the level of the clinical end user. We assessed behavioral outcomes related to environmental hygiene among 60 nursing staff in a medical-surgical section after introduction of a UV-C tool aimed at disinfecting 4 high-touch surfaces, and we noted limited changes.