bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market power and food loss at the producer-retailer interface of fruit and vegetable supply chains in Germany
Authors: Herzberg Ronja , Schmidt Thomas , Keck Markus
Published: January 2022

Food loss and waste are associated with an unnecessary consumption of natural resources and avoidable greenhouse gas emissions. The United Nations have thus set the reduction of food loss and waste on the political agenda by means of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3. The German Federal Government committed itself to this goal by implementing the National Strategy for Food Waste Reduction in 2019. However, this policy approach relies heavily on voluntary action by involved actors and neglects the possible role of power imbalances along the food supply chain. While current research on food loss and waste in industrialised countries predominantly focuses on the consumer level, this study puts emphasis on the under-researched early stages of the food supply chain from the field to retailers’ warehouses. Based on 22 expert interviews with producers, producer organisations and retailers, this article identifies major inter-stage drivers of food loss in the supply chains for fresh fruit and vegetables in Germany. Its main novelty is to demonstrate how market power imbalances and risk shifting between powerful and subordinate actors can reinforce the tendency of food loss on the part of producers further up the supply chain. Results indicate that prevalent institutional settings, such as contractual terms and conditions, trading practices, ordering processes, product specifications, and communication privilege retailers and encourage food loss. The mechanisms in which these imbalances manifest, go beyond the European Commission’s current legislation on Unfair Trading Practices. This study suggests a research agenda that might help to formulate adjusted policy instruments for re-structuring the German fruit and vegetable markets so that less food is wasted.
Advancing video research methodology to capture the processes of social interaction and multimodality
Authors: Hannula Markku S. , Haataja Eeva , Löfström Erika , Garcia Moreno-Esteva Enrique , Salminen-Saari Jessica F. A. , Laine Anu
Published: January 2022

In this reflective methodological paper we focus on affordances and challenges of video data. We compare and analyze two research settings that use the latest video technology to capture classroom interactions in mathematics education, namely, The Social Unit of Learning (SUL) project of the University of Melbourne and the MathTrack project of the University of Helsinki. While using these two settings as examples, we have structured our reflections around themes pertinent to video research in general, namely, research methods, data management, and research ethics. SUL and MathTrack share an understanding of mathematics learning as social multimodal practice, and provide possibilities for zooming into the situational micro interactions that construct collaborative problem-solving learning. Both settings provide rich data for in-depth analyses of peer interactions and learning processes. The settings share special needs for technical support and data management, as well as attention to ethical aspects from the perspective of the participants’ security and discretion. SUL data are especially suitable for investigating interactions on a broad scope, addressing how multiple interactional processes intertwine. MathTrack, on the other hand, enables exploration of participants’ visual attention in detail and its role in learning. Both settings could provide tools for teachers’ professional development by showing them aspects of classroom interactions that would otherwise remain hidden.
Fingolimod Rescues Memory and Improves Pathological Hallmarks in the 3xTg-AD Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fagan Steven G. , Bechet Sibylle , Dev Kumlesh K.
Published: January 2022

Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have largely focused on the regulation of amyloid pathology while those targeting tau pathology, and inflammatory mechanisms are less explored. In this regard, drugs with multimodal and concurrent targeting of Aβ, tau, and inflammatory processes may offer advantages. Here, we investigate one such candidate drug in the triple transgenic 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD, namely the disease-modifying oral neuroimmunomodulatory therapeutic used in patients with multiple sclerosis, called fingolimod. In this study, administration of fingolimod was initiated after behavioral symptoms are known to emerge, at 6 months of age. Treatment continued to 12 months when behavioral tests were performed and thereafter histological and biochemical analysis was conducted on postmortem tissue. The results demonstrate that fingolimod reverses deficits in spatial working memory at 8 and 12 months of age as measured by novel object location and Morris water maze tests. Inflammation in the brain is alleviated as demonstrated by reduced Iba1-positive and CD3-positive cell number, less ramified microglial morphology, and improved cytokine profile. Finally, treatment with fingolimod was shown to reduce phosphorylated tau and APP levels in the hippocampus and cortex. These results highlight the potential of fingolimod as a multimodal therapeutic for the treatment of AD.
Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary in older patients with breast cancer?
Authors: Morita Midori , Shimomura Akihiko , Tokuda Emi , Horimoto Yoshiya , Kawamura Yukino , Ishizuka Yumiko , Sekine Katsutoshi , Obayashi Sayaka , Kojima Yuki , Uemura Yukari , Higuchi Toru
Published: January 2022

Background

Due to the lack of clinical trials on the efficacy of chemotherapy in older patients, an optimal treatment strategy has not been developed. We investigated whether adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the survival of older patients with breast cancer in Japan.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with breast cancer aged ≥ 70 years who underwent breast cancer surgery in eight hospitals between 2008 and 2013. Clinical treatment and follow-up data were obtained from the patients’ medical electric records.

Results

A total of 1095 patients were enrolled, of which 905 were included in the initial non-matched analysis. The median age and follow-up period were 75 (range 70–93) and 6.3 years, respectively. Of these patients, 127 (14%) received adjuvant chemotherapy (Chemo group) while the remaining 778 (86%) did not (Control group). The Chemo group was younger (mean age in years 73 vs 76; P < 0.0001), had a larger pathological tumor size (mean mm 25.9 vs 19.9; P < 0.0001), and more metastatic axillary lymph nodes (mean numbers 2.7 vs 0.7; P < 0.0001) than the Control group. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.783 and P = 0.558). After matched analyses, DFS was found to be significantly prolonged with adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.037); however, OS difference in the matched cohort was not statistically significant (P = 0.333).

Conclusion

The results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence, but survival benefits were limited.
A fibre-based 2D-slit homogenizer concept for high-precision space-based spectrometer missions
Authors: Hummel Timon , Coatantiec Claude , Gnata Xavier , Lamour Tobias , Rivière Rémi , Meister Christian , Stute Andreas , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Wenig Mark
Published: January 2022

The measurement accuracy of recent and future space-based imaging spectrometers with a high spectral and spatial resolution suffer from the inhomogeneity of the radiances of the observed Earth scene. The Instrument Spectral Response Function (ISRF) is distorted due to the inhomogeneous illumination from scene heterogeneity. This gives rise to a pseudo-random error on the measured spectra. In order to assess the spectral stability of the spectrograph, stringent requirements are typically defined on the ISRF such as shape knowledge and the stability of the centroid position of the spectral sample. The high level of spectral accuracy is particularly crucial for missions quantifying small variations in the total column of well-mixed trace gases like $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

. In the framework of the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

Monitoring Mission (CO2M) industrial feasibility study (Phase A/B1 study), we investigated a new slit design called 2D-Slit Homogenizer (2DSH). This new concept aims to reduce the Earth scene contrast entering the instrument. The 2DSH is based on optical fibre waveguides assembled in a bundle, which scramble the light in across-track (ACT) and along-track (ALT) direction. A single fibre core dimension in ALT defines the spectral extent of the slit and the dimension in ACT represents the spatial sample of the instrument. The full swath is given by the total size of the adjoined fibres in ACT direction. In this work, we provide experimental measurement data on the stability of representative rectangular core shaped fibre as well as a preliminary pre-development of a 2DSH fibre bundle. In our study, the slit concept has demonstrated significant performance gains in the stability of the ISRF for several extreme high-contrast Earth scenes, achieving a shape stability of $$<0.5{\%}$$

<
0.5
%

and a centroid stability of $$<0.25 \ \text {pm}$$

<
0.25

pm

(NIR). Given this unprecedented ISRF stabilization, we conclude that the 2DSH concept efficiently desensitizes the instrument for radiometric and spectral errors with respect to the heterogeneity of the Earth scene radiance.
Reappraisal of Duration and Eruptive Rates in Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Pande Kanchan
Published: January 2022

Rapidly expanding geochronological, paleomagnetic and volcanological data of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) has given new insights to the expansive knowledge on it that had been built up through the preceding decades. Precursory Late Cretaceous (80 – 68 Ma) magmatic activity across the Indian subcontinent preceded the main event of volcanism. The main Deccan event involved nearly continuous outpourings of ~1.5 million km3 of flood basalts in a span of less than 2 m.y. on either side of the Cretaceous-Paleocene Boundary (KPB), corresponding to 3 magnetic chrons. This was followed by basaltic and silicic flows and alkaline magmatism that continued up to ~61 Ma.

Several earlier postulated long-distance correlations of lava sequences based on chemical parameters are rendered invalid by the precision geochronology, leading to doubts regarding earlier models of volumetric eruptive rates. We suggest that pending better flow-field maps and correlations across the province, stacking rates based on thickness between chronological sampling points, combined with volcanological parameters provide a more robust and reproducible estimates of the eruptive rates. The stacking rates in different parts of the province were largely in the magnitude range of 103 m/m.y. and are comparable to those observed in other continental flood basalt provinces.
First Report of Carbonatite from Gundlupet Area, Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, Southern India
Authors: Brahma Swapnita , Sahoo Soubhagyalaxmi , Rajesh Durai P.
Published: January 2022

A new carbonatite body has been discovered from Gundlupet area, western Dharwar craton, southern India which is located at juncture of major shear zones namely, Kollegal shear zone to the east, Sargur shear zone to the west and Moyar shear zone to the south. The carbonatite and associated syenite have intruded into the peninsular gneissic complex. The southern margin of the syenite has a tectonic contact with the peninsular gneissic complex suggesting their emplacement is related to the splay shear of Moyar shear zone. The Gundlupet carbonatite is dominantly sövite with minor beforsite and iron rich carbonatite which are associated with phenocrystic magnetite, apatite, amphibole, pyroxene and monazite. Fenitisation is observed in local scale along the contact of carbonatite and syenite where metasomatic alterations took place to give rise to alkali amphibole and pyroxene rich rock. Geochemically, the carbonatite is characterised by high CaO content (48.86% - 51.80%), P2O5 (0.35% - 3.23%) and low SiO2 (3.09% - 5.30%). The high Sr (5750 - 13445 ppm) content and low Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu content indicates that the melt has undergone some degree of fractionation before crystallization. Gundlupet carbonatite is enriched in LREE with values ranging from 5666 ppm to 7530 ppm and average LREE of 6248 ppm.
Occurrence of Gold in the Mesoarchean Mayurbhanj Gabbros of Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India
Authors: Rasheed K. , Srinivasa Sarma D.
Published: January 2022

Singhbhum craton of eastern India is bestowed with several metal deposits such as iron, manganese, chromite, and platinum group of elements (PGE). Iron and manganese ores are associated with banded iron formations of Paleoarchean greenstone belts, and chromite and PGEs are associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks of Mesoarchean Baula-Nuasahi and Sukinda belts. Earlier studies indicate a hydrothermal origin of PGE mineralisation. Here, the occurrence of micron-sized gold grain and base metal sulfides in the Mesoarchean Mayurbhanj Gabrro Anorthosite Complex (GAC) are reported. These gabbros are considered coeval with Mayurbhanj granites and comprise of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, amphiboles, minor quartz, chlorite, and accessory opaque mineral phases. Scanning Electron Microscopic study shows the occurrence of a ~3 μm sized sub-rounded gold spherule in feldspar, along with disseminated grains of sulphides of varying sizes. Geochemical analysis reveals that the Sarat-Ghat exposure of Mayurbhanj GAC contains an appreciable amount of gold and PGE (ΣPGEs up to 1094 ppb and Au up to 396.5 ppb). The presence of sulphide minerals and intense alteration of feldspars and pyroxenes in the mineralised zone points towards a hydrothermal origin. This lithounit warrants a detailed appraisal to understand the nature and extent of gold and PGE mineralisation.
Foreland Basin Geometry and Disposition of Major Thrust Faults as Proxies for Identification of Segmentation along the Himalayan Arc
Authors: Manglik A. , Kandregula R.S. , Pavankumar G.
Published: January 2022

Along-arc variation in the geometry of the décollement surface at a convergent margin is one of the significant parameters to assess the likely magnitude of a major/great earthquake. It is linked to the crustal/lithospheric structure and pre-existing tectonic fabric of the underthrusting plate. For the Himalayan collision belt, segmentation of the Indian lithosphere along the arc has been suggested based on seismological and GPS studies, and by analysis of topography and Bouguer gravity anomaly data. These studies, confined to the Himalaya-Tibet region, linked major segmentation boundaries to three transverse ridges in the Ganga basin. Since the formation of the Indo-Gangetic foreland basin is also controlled by the thermomechanical properties of the underthrusting Indian plate, in the present work, we study the Himalaya-foreland basin system for possible segmentation of the Indian lithosphere. We analyse the foreland basin width vis-à-vis the disposition of major thrust faults along several profiles cutting across the Himalayan arc to test a possible correlation between these two parameters. The results suggest a major segmentation boundary along the Indo-Nepal border in addition to other previously discussed segmentations coinciding with major transverse ridges in the Ganga basin. This segmentation boundary coincides with the Great Boundary fault separating the Aravalli Delhi fold belt (ADFB) from the Vindhyan basin further south. We infer a possible role of this boundary in limiting westward propagation of the rupture front of the 1505 paleo-seismic event and seismicity of the ADFB through coupling between the Himalayan collision belt and the intraplate Indian shield region.
Decadal Response of Dokriani Glacier using High-resolution Hydrological Data, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Amit , Verma Akshaya , Sain Kalachand
Published: January 2022

Hydrological studies of glaciers in the Indian Himalaya are very important for understanding the melting processes and assessing the influences of climate change. The diurnal variation in the melt-runoff is controlled by the glacial drainage system. To understand the response of such systems continuous monitoring of hydrological and meteorological data is essential. In the present paper, we have studied the high-resolution data for the assessment of hydrological response of Dokriani Glacier in the upper Ganga basin of Garhwal Himalaya. The data were collected for a period of two years (2011-2012) by establishing an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and discharge gauging site with the provision of automatic water level recorder (AWLR) near the snout of the glacier. A considerable amount of runoff has been observed at nighttime during the glacial ablation with maximum discharge in the evening and minimum in the morning. The depletion of snow from the glacier surface results into exposure of glacier surface ice and reduction in the holding capacity of water in the glacier. Such variations in the physical condition of a glacier attribute to the changes in the hydrological response of the glacier over time. The effect on the hydrological response has also been studied by analyzing diurnal hydrographs for each ablation month. The hydrological response of the glacier becomes faster with the advancement of the ablation season. Significant changes in the hydrological response of the Glacier are observed over a decade.
Archean Biogeochemical Cognizance from Dharwar Craton, India – A Review
Authors: Manikyamba C. , Sindhuja C. S. , Khelen A. C. , Pahari Arijit
Published: January 2022

The Banded iron formations (BIFs) and manganese formations of Chitradurga, Shimoga and Sandur greenstone belts of Dharwar craton, associated with the stromatolitic carbonates, carbonaceous phyllites and shales along with gold mineralization, are best geological entities to evaluate the Archean biogeochemical processes and transformation of a habitable Earth. The geochemical anomalies along with C, O and S isotopic signatures of stromatolitic carbonates, carbonaceous phyllites and sulphidic BIFs reflect on biogenic signatures, fluctuating Archean ocean temperatures from 25-75°C and anoxic to euxinic redox conditions. The U-Pb detrital zircon ages of these stromatolitic carbonates indicate 3.5 to 2.6 Ga whereas the carbonaceous shales indicate 3.2 – 2.2 Ga reflecting the transportation of organic matter to the ocean basin during the growth of stromatolitic carbonates. The gold content of carbonaceous phyllites and sulphidic BIFs indicates hydrothermal source. The O2 produced due to stromatolitic activity has deposited Mn and Fe of the Archean oceans as BIFs and Mn formations. The biogenic matter of the stromatolites along with other siliciclastic material, gold and sulphides derived from the volcanic activity mixed and formed as carbonaceous shales in the ocean basin under euxinic conditions. The comprehensive geological, geochemical including isotopic studies on these rock types collectively indicate the interaction of lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere in the Archean oceans which paved the way for the advanced forms of life.
Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture
Authors: Yletyinen Johanna , Tylianakis Jason M. , Stone Clive , Lyver Phil O’B.
Published: January 2022

Global environmental and societal changes threaten the cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). Despite the importance of IPLC worldviews and knowledge to sustaining human well-being and biodiversity, risks to these cultural resources are commonly neglected in environmental governance, in part because impacts can be indirect and therefore difficult to evaluate. Here, we investigate the connectivity of values associated with the relationship Ngātiwai (a New Zealand Māori tribe) have with their environment. We show that mapping the architecture of values-environment relationships enables assessment of how deep into culture the impacts of environmental change or policy can cascade. Our results detail how loss of access to key environmental elements could potentially have extensive direct and cascading impacts on the cultural values of Ngātiwai, including environmental responsibilities. Thus, considering only direct effects of environmental change or policy on cultural resources, or treating IPLC social-ecological relations simplistically, can severely underestimate threats to cultures.
On an extension of Nunokawa’s lemma
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz
Published: January 2022

Jack’s Lemma says that if f(z) is regular in the disc $$|z|\le r$$

|
z
|
≤
r

, $$f(0)=0$$

f
(
0
)
=
0

, and |f(z)| assumes its maximum at $$z_0$$

z
0

on the circle $$|z|=r$$

|
z
|
=
r

, then $$z_0f'(z)_0/f(z_0)\ge 1$$

z
0

f
′

(
z
)

0

/
f

(

z
0

)

≥
1

. This Lemma was generalized in several directions. In this paper we consider an improvement of some first author’s results of this type.
Urachal mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential in a polymorbid female: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schmeusser Benjamin , Wiedemer Joseph , Obery Dana , Buckley Kaila , Yu Michael
Published: January 2022

Neoplasms of the urachus are exceedingly rare, representing 0.17% of all bladder cancers. The mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCTLMP) subtype is particularly rare with just 25 previous cases reported in the literature. Although rare, MCTLMPs are important to identify due to potential devastating complications and good cure rates with surgical removal. We present a 43 year old female with a nuanced constellation of comorbidities and confirmed MCTLMP following a workup for abdominal pain and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. Notably, this tumor did not change in size over a 3-year course of serial imaging prior to surgical excision. This urachal MCTLMP represents roughly the 26th and one of the smallest of its subtype reported in the literature. This case illustrates the diagnosis and management of this rare urachal MCTLMP. Individual patient medical history, clinical considerations, and neoplasm characteristics are examined. Although rare, the potential for increased malignancy and potential complications necessitates surgical management and further investigation by the academic community.
Single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive aggregation operators with applications for material selection in engineering design: case study of cryogenic storage tank
Authors: Farid Hafiz Muhammad Athar , Riaz Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and their application to material selection in engineering design. Liquid hydrogen is a feasible ingredient for energy storage in a lightweight application due to its high gravimetric power density. Material selection is an essential component in engineering since it meets all of the functional criteria of the object. Materials selection is a time-consuming as well as a critical phase in the design process. Inadequate material(s) selection can have a detrimental impact on a manufacturer’s production, profitability, and credibility. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important tool in the engineering design process that deals with complexities in material selection. However, the existing MCDM techniques often produce conflicting results. To address such problems, an innovative aggregation technique is proposed for material selection in engineering design based on truthness, indeterminacy, and falsity indexes of SVNSs. Taking advantage of SVNSs and smooth approximation with interactive Einstein operations, single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive weighted averaging and geometric operators are proposed. Based on proposed AOs, a robust MCDM approach is proposed for material selection in engineering design. A practical application of the proposed MCDM approach for material selection of cryogenic storage containers is developed. Additionally, the authenticity analysis and comparison analysis are designed to discuss the validity and rationality of the optimal decision.
Health Inequalities amongst Refugees and Migrant Workers in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ng Shu Hui
Published: January 2022

Malaysia hosts a significant number of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrant workers. Healthcare access for these individuals has always proved a challenge: language barriers, financial constraints and mobility restrictions are some of the frequently cited hurdles. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these existing inequalities, with migrants and refugees bearing the brunt of chronic systemic injustices. Providing equitable healthcare access for all, regardless of their citizenship and social status remains an ethical challenge for healthcare providers, particularly within the framework of a resource-limited healthcare system. Inclusive healthcare and socio-economic policies are necessary to ensure every individual’s equal opportunity to attain good health. The collective experiences of refugees and migrants in the pursuit of healthcare, as highlighted by the two cases described, showcases the importance of equity in healthcare access and the detrimental implications of non-inclusive healthcare and socio-economic policies.
The detection of delirium in admitted oncology patients: a scoping review
Authors: Sands Megan B. , Wee Ian , Agar Meera , Vardy Janette L.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Delirium leads to poor outcomes for patients and careers and has negative impacts on staff and service provision. Cancer rates in elderly populations are increasing and frequently, cancer diagnoses are a co-morbidity in the context of frailty. Data relating to the epidemiology of delirium in hospitalised cancer patients are limited. With the overarching purpose of improving delirium detection and reducing the morbidity and mortality of delirium in cancer patients, we reviewed the epidemiological data and approach to delirium detection in hospitalised, adult oncology patients.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched from January 1996 to August 2017. Key concepts were delirium, cancer, inpatient oncology and delirium screening/detection.

Results

Of 896 unique studies identified; 91 met full-text review criteria. Of 12 eligible studies, four applied recommended case ascertainment methods to all patients, three used delirium screening tools alone or with case ascertainment tools sub-optimally applied, four used tools not recommended for delirium screening or case ascertainment, one used the Confusion Assessment Method with insufficient information to determine if it met case ascertainment status. Two studies presented delirium incidence rates: 7.8%, and 17% respectively. Prevalence rates ranged from 18–33% for general medical or oncology wards; 42–58% for Acute Palliative Care Units (APCU); and for older cancer patients: 22% and 57%. Three studies reported reversibility; 26% and 49% respectively (APCUs) and 30% (older patients with cancer). Six studies had a low risk of bias according to QUADAS-2 criteria; all studies in the APCU setting were rated at higher risk of bias. Tool selection, study flow and recruitment bias reduced study quality.

Conclusion

The knowledge base for improved interventions and clinical care for adults with cancer and delirium is limited by the low number of studies. A clear distinction between screening tools and diagnostic tools is required to provide an improved understanding of the rates of delirium and its reversibility in this population.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Relationship with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Fibromyalgia: a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Ali Omar M. E.
Published: January 2022

Fibromyalgia is a debilitating chronic condition which poses a therapeutic challenge to the clinician. With a large backlog in patient flow subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic and rising numbers of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) presenting with fibromyalgia-like clinical features, there is an increasingly pressing need to identify broad cost-effective interventions. Low levels of vitamin D have previously been reported in patients with fibromyalgia, though any causative link has been difficult to establish. A systematic literature review on the association between vitamin D deficiency and fibromyalgia was performed examining retrospective evidence both for and against an association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and fibromyalgia and evaluating the therapeutic benefit from supplementation. A group of six studies were selected based on relevance, use of controls, quality of research and citations. Four primary studies assessing the prevalence of VDD in fibromyalgia patients versus controls were evaluated with a total 3,496 subjects. Three included females only and one larger study assessed males. Two (n = 313) concluded the presence of a statistically significant association, and two (n = 161) found none. Two randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementation in a total of 80 subjects found conflicting results, with pain reduction in one and none in the other. It is likely there exists an association between VDD deficiency and fibromyalgia in a large subset of patients, although establishing primary causation is difficult. There is a need for larger randomised controlled trial designs with more effective comparison with healthy subjects and control for confounding factors. Given VDD is a major problem in the general population, we recommend supplementation be recommended by healthcare professionals to fibromyalgia patients for the purpose of maintaining bone health given their potentially increased susceptibility to developing deficiency and its sequelae.
Intensified Hyposensitization Is an Effective Treatment of Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS)
Authors: Wrotynska-Barczynska Joanna , Swat Edyta , Berger Anna , Pawelczyk Leszek , Jedrzejczak Piotr
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is an extremely rare urogenital disease which significantly and negatively impacts the functioning and sexual activity.

Aims

A 34-year-old male presented with POIS symptoms and confirmed the allergic component of the POIS. Intensified immunotherapy with autologous semen was recommended.

Methods

The treatment lasted 14 months and included 20 visits. Modified and intensified subcutaneous immunotherapy in both forearms significantly shortened the therapy and improved the outcome, with high-tolerance and no adverse effects or hyperactive responses.

Main Outcome Measure

Improvement in POIS symptoms through the use of intensified immunotherapy with autologous semen.

Results

The improvement was significant enough to allow for higher sexual activity, and gradual resumption of private and professional activity.

Conclusion

Intensified immunotherapy with autologous semen seems an effective and safe option for treating patients with suspected immune-allergenic POIS. To the best of our knowledge, this has been the first such intensive and effective allergen-specific immunotherapy of POIS.
Experiences of Violence Against Lesbian and Bisexual Women in Brazil
Authors: Rufino Andréa Cronemberger , Filho Carlos Eugênio Wall Barbosa de Carvalho , Madeiro Alberto
Published: January 2022

Background

Lesbophobia and biphobia are manifestations of homophobic violence directed at lesbian and bisexual women that results in daily violation of rights and social exclusion.

Aim

To describe experiences of the violence against lesbian and bisexual women in Brazil.

Methods

Sequential mixed methods study was carried out in 2 stages. In the first one, quantitative, an electronic questionnaire was applied to women from all regions, with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, self-identification and lesbophobic and biphobic events. In the second one, qualitative, lesbian, and bisexual women were interviewed face to face about the violence suffered.

Outcomes

The chi-square test was applied to compare violence against lesbian and bisexual women (type of violence, place of aggression, gender and age range of the aggressor, bond with the aggressor, repetition of violence, and denunciation of violence) and the content analysis for qualitative data (main categories of analysis were events of violence, denunciation, and consequences of violence).

Results

The report of violence was present in 65% of the answers. There was a predominance of psychological violence (39.8%), in the public environment (63%), practiced by men (73.2%), by strangers (66.2%) and repeatedly (82%). Lesbian women, compared to bisexuals, were more prone to violence in the public environment (59.5% vs 39.5%) and with repetition (84.3% vs 60.6%). The narratives explained intimidating experiences in the family environment (insults, threat of suicide or homicide and false imprisonment) and public (harassment, beatings, and rape). Discriminatory attitudes, insults, and refusal of service in restaurants and bars were recurrent.

Clinical Implications

The data provide information that can serve to improve policy initiatives to reduce these episodes.

Strengths and Limitations

This is the first study of mixed methods, with national coverage, on lesbophobia and biphobia events in Brazil. Future studies should include women underrepresented in this research as trans women, non-white, less educated, and from the most distant regions of the country.

Conclusion

Lesbophobic or biphobic event has harmful repercussions for multiple aspects of these women's lives, including mental health.
Europa’s Ocean Can Tug Its Ice Shell Around
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: January 2022

Sometimes ocean dynamics are a drag.
What a Gold Mining Mishap Taught Us About Rivers
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: January 2022

Miners in Alaska rerouted a river to search for gold. One hundred years later, the new channel is teaching scientists how rivers shape Earth.
Invasive Plants and Climate Change Will Alter Desert Landscapes
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: January 2022

In experiments conducted in Biosphere 2, invasive buffelgrass weathers higher temperatures and drought conditions better than its native brethren.
Scientists Turn Back Time to Track Methane Emissions on Mars
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: January 2022

Period spikes of methane on Mars could originate inside Gale crater, where NASA’s Curiosity rover is currently exploring.s
Recovering Mantle Memories from River Profiles
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: January 2022

Researchers use a closed-loop modeling strategy to validate regional uplift patterns recorded in river profiles across the African continent.
Biofilm matrix cloaks bacterial quorum sensing chemoattractants from predator detection
Authors: Li Shaoyang , Liu Sylvia Yang , Chan Shepherd Yuen , Chua Song Lin
Published: January 2022

Microbes often secrete high levels of quorum sensing (QS) autoinducers into the environment to coordinate gene expression and biofilm formation, but risk detection and subsequent predation by bacterivorous predators. With such prominent signaling molecules acting as chemoattractants that diffuse into the environment at alarmingly high concentrations, it is unclear if bacterial cells can mask their chemical trails from predator detection. Here, we describe a microbial-based anti-detection adaptation, termed as “biofilm cloak”, where the biofilm prey produced biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides that “locked” and reduced the leaching of autoinducers into the milieu, thereby concealing their trails to the detection by the bacterivorous Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. The exopolysaccharides act as common good for the non-producers to hide their autoinducers from predator detection. Deficiency in chemosensory gene odr-10 in mutant animals abrogated their ability to detect autoinducers and migrate toward their prey in a directed manner, which led to lower population growth rate of animals. Hence, restriction of bacterial communication activities to the confinements of biofilms is a novel approach for predator evasion, which plays a fundamental role in shaping ecological dynamics of microbial communities and predator-prey interactions.
Performance of chemical structure string representations for chemical image recognition using transformers
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Steinbeck Christoph , Zielesny Achim
Published: January 2022

The most commonly used molecular string representations in deep learning for chemical image recognition.
Computational design of double transition metal MXenes with intrinsic magnetic properties
Authors: Zhang Yinggan , Cui Zhou , Sa Baisheng , Miao Naihua , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: January 2022

Double transition metal MXenes with the formula MCr2CTx feature ferromagnetic half-metallicity, antiferromagnetic semiconductivity, as well as antiferromagnetic half-metallicity, are interesting for the spintronics community.
Tandem cyclization/arylation of diaryliodoniums via in situ constructed benzoxazole as a directing group for atom-economical transformation
Authors: Peng Hui , Liu Qian , Sun Yameng , Luo Bingling , Yu Tianyian , Huang Peng , Zhu Daqian , Wen Shijun
Published: January 2022

Linear diaryliodoniums often undergo only single arylation and leave equivalent aryl iodide as waste.
Inducing liquid crystallinity in dilute MXene dispersions for facile processing of multifunctional fibers
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S. , Zhang Jizhen , Qin Si , Yao Ya , Lynch Peter A. , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Naebe Minoo , Henderson Luke C. , Hegh Dylan , Razal Joselito M.
Published: January 2022

The addition of CNCs into MXene dispersions enables LC-MXene phases at lower critical transition concentrations, allowing wet spinning of fibers using previously unspinnable concentrations of MXene.
MOF-derived NiCo2S4 and carbon hybrid hollow spheres compactly concatenated by electrospun carbon nanofibers as self-standing electrodes for aqueous alkaline Zn batteries
Authors: Yu Jiaqi , Cai Daoping , Si Junhui , Zhan Hongbing , Wang Qianting
Published: January 2022

MOF-derived NiCo2S4 nanoparticles and hollow carbon hybrid spheres compactly concatenated by electrospun carbon fibers have been successfully synthesized and employed as self-standing cathode electrodes for aqueous alkaline Zn batteries.
Porous Ceramic Sternal Prosthesis Implantation in a 13-Year-Old Patient Presenting with Metastatic Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Mainard Nicolas , Sharma Dyuti , Fron Damien , Mezel Aurélie , Canavese Federico , Bonnevalle Michel , Nectoux Eric
Published: January 2022

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most frequent primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. Locations on the thoracic wall represent up to 20% of primary and secondary locations. We present the case of a 13-year-old patient treated with the use of a radiolucency porous bioceramic prosthesis as a sternal replacement for a wide tumor resection in an oncologic context. Focal radiation therapy was not possible due to the high risk of severe myocardial injuries caused by the sternal location of the tumor. The sternum CERAMIL® (I.CERAM, Limoges, France), in porous alumina (Al2O3) has already been implanted into adults in sternal replacement during its invasion by a tumor or its infectious destruction. There were no complication concerning the surgery. The last follow-up at 2 years postoperatively reveals a satisfactory clinical situation with any functional thoracic complaint and nor any functional respiratory symptoms. The porous alumina sternal prosthesis offers a reliable alternative for sternal replacement indications for children in an oncologic context.
Esophageal Motility Disorders: Are We Missing in Our Busy Endoscopy Practice?
Authors: Elhence Anshuman , Ghoshal Uday C.
Published: January 2022

Esophageal motility disorders (EMDs) form a significant part of a busy endoscopist's practice. Endoscopy plays an all-encompassing role in the diagnosis and management of EMDs including achalasia cardia. The focus on in-vogue third-space endoscopic procedures such as per-oral endoscopic myotomy often digresses the important role of endoscopy. Endoscopic evaluation forms the part of standard first-line evaluation of any dysphagia and serves to rule out a secondary cause such as an esophagogastric junction malignancy and eosinophilic esophagitis. Moreover, endoscopic evaluation may itself provide corroborative evidence that may contribute to the diagnosis of the motility disorder. Achalasia cardia may present with a wide spectrum of endoscopic findings from being entirely normal and the well-known and pathognomonic dilated sigmoid-shaped esophagus with food residue, to lesser-known ornate signs. The evidence on the role of endosonography in EMDs is conflicting and largely restricted to evaluation of pseudoachalasia. High-resolution manometry (HRM) remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of EMDs. Endoscopists must also keep abreast of the latest iteration of the Chicago classification version 4.0, which differs significantly from its predecessor in being more stringent in making diagnosis of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction and disorders of peristalsis since these manometric findings may be seen in normal individuals and may be mimicked by opioid use and gastroesophageal reflux. The latest rendition also includes the use of provocative maneuvers and testing in both supine and sitting posture. Despite being the gold standard, there are certain lacunae in the use and interpretation of the Chicago classification of which the users should be well aware. Emerging technologies such as functional lumen imaging probe and planimetry, and timed barium esophagogram fill the lacuna in diagnosis of these motility disorders, which at times is beyond the resolution of HRM.
Impact of Mobile Endoscopy Unit for Rendering Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Services at Two Community Health Centers in Western India
Authors: Maydeo Amit , Thakare Shivaji , Vadgaonkar Amol , Patil Gaurav , Dalal Ankit , Kamat Nagesh , Vora Sehajad
Published: January 2022

Background Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in remote areas do not have access to standard medical care with the issues related to cost of medical care, transportation, health literacy, lack of healthcare insurance—all preventing healthcare access in a timely manner. To overcome this, we designed a mobile endoscopy van with the intent to provide free essential medical services to the rural population.

Methods This is a retrospective study of patients with predominantly upper GI symptoms at two community health centers (each 2 days camp). This is an audit of endoscopy findings in a community set up using a Mobile Endoscopy Unit (MEU). Patients' details were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire. Only those patients with alarm symptoms and suspicion of any pathological state underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in MEU. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics.

Results A total of 724 patients (424 [58.5%] males; mean [SD] age 48.5 [5.2] years) were included. The commonest presenting symptom was heartburn in 377 (52.1%) patients. The median duration of symptoms was 6.5 (range: 2–36) months. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was seen in 16 (6.8%) patients, ulceroproliferative growth was noted in the stomach in 3 (1.3%) patients. Eighteen (7.6%) patients had a positive rapid urease test and received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The most commonly prescribed drugs were proton-pump inhibitors in 692 (95.6%) patients. Nine (1.2%) patients had chronic liver disease secondary to alcoholism and were counseled for abstinence. All procedures were safely performed without any immediate adverse events.

Conclusions Community outreach strategies such as the use of mobile endoscopy unit were found to be very useful in the diagnosis of GI symptoms. More research is needed in low-income countries to treat complex pathological states in rural patients.
Development of climate smart agriculture in Africa.
Authors: Mrabet Rachid , Moussadek Rachid
Published: January 2022

Climate change, food system complexity and changing international demands are creating new realities, challenges and opportunities. In this respect, unlocking Africa's agricultural potential is both a vital and a daunting aspiration to achieve commitments to the climate and development of the visionary and optimistic framework of Agenda 2063. In response to these challenges and drivers, climate smart agriculture (CSA) was promoted by governments and international organizations to functionally contribute to reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptation to climate change while ensuring sustainable progress in living standards, value chains and mitigation capacities of farming systems. Remarkable benefits in terms of increased productivity and performances of farming systems, enhanced farmers' resilience, environment and value chain sustainability, and developments of CSA in Africa and lock-in barriers exclusion are under way. These are because of investment in policy formulation and planning, approaches, alliances, incentives, capacity development, research, knowledge sharing, networking and engagement in bold regional and local initiatives. Side benefits from CSA are numerous for Africans in general and for producers and growers in particular. They include poverty alleviation through green growth, just and ethical transformation, gender equity and empowerment, shared prosperity and entrepreneurship via innovation. Overall, investing in CSA and particularly in Conservation Agriculture may greatly enhance a country's strategic thinking and capacity to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Mainstreaming of the conservation agriculture paradigm in Africa.
Authors: Kassam Amir , Mkomwa Saidi
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides a justification for mainstreaming Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Africa. It describes the rationale for total transformation of agriculture that is needed in the future. Mainstreaming CA requires not only nation-wide adoption of the new paradigm of agriculture but also the necessary policy and institutional alignment to ensure that CA maintains its quality and full range of benefits to the farmers and to society. CA is a core component of climate smart agriculture and has been endorsed by the Malabo Declaration and Agenda 2063 for agricultural development. Thus, it is essential that everything possible is done by all stakeholders to support the implementation of Agenda 2063 with CA at its core. The chapter elaborates five major areas of change that are necessary to create the appropriate conditions for mainstreaming CA in Africa.