bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNAseq in the mosquito maxillary palp: a little antennal RNA goes a long way
Authors: Rinker David C. , Zhou Xiaofan , Pitts Ronald Jason , Jones Patrick L. , Rokas Antonis , Zwiebel Laurence J
Published: March 2015

A comparative transcriptomic study of mosquito olfactory tissues recently published inBMC Genomics(Hodges et al, 2014) reported several novel findings that have broad implications for the field of insect olfaction. In this brief commentary, we outline why the conclusions of Hodges et al. are problematic under the current models of insect olfaction and then contrast their findings with those of other RNAseq based studies of mosquito olfactory tissues. We also generated a new RNAseq data set from the maxillary palp ofAnopheles gambiaein an effort to replicate the novel results of Hodges et al. but were unable to reproduce their results. Instead, our new RNAseq data support the more straightforward explanation that the novel findings of Hodges et al. were a consequence of contamination by antennal RNA. In summary, we find strong evidence to suggest that the conclusions of Hodges et al were spurious, and that at least some of their RNAseq data sets were irrevocably compromised by cross-contamination between samples.
Exploring the effects of high concentration of glucose on soil microbial community: An experimental study using the soil of North Bangalore
Authors: Swain Anshuman
Published: March 2015

Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) is a standard method to study microbial biomass in soil. It is observed that the soil microbial CO2respiration goes up with the glucose concentration till a certain concentration, and afterwards decreases and stabilizes. There are two possible mechanisms via which this can happen: increased osmotic pressure can kill off a group of microbial population or the Crabtree effect takes over the population. An experiment was designed using the SIR; to find the reason for the same and prove or disprove one of these hypothesises.
Repellent compound with larger protective zone than DEET identified through activity-screening ofIr40aneurons, does not requireOrfunction
Authors: Guda Tom , Kain Pinky , Sharma Kavita , Pham Christine Krause , Ray Anandasankar
Published: March 2015

The widely used insect repellent DEET has a limited spatial zone of protection, requiring it to be applied over all exposed areas of skin. Identification of insect DEET-sensing neurons expressing a highly conservedIonotropic receptor,Ir40a, provides an opportunity to identify new structural classes of volatile agonists as potential spatial repellents. By imaging the activity of theIr40a+neurons inD. melanogasterexpressing the calcium sensitive GCaMP3 protein, we identify a strong agonist, 4-methylpiperidine, with a much higher vapor pressure than DEET. Behavioral testing reveals that 4-methylpiperidine repelsAedes aegypti, which is consistent with our model thatIr40amarks a conserved innate aversive pathway. Using a spatial repellency assay we demonstrate that 4-methylpiperidine applied to one part of the hand repels mosquitoes on another part effectively, whereas DEET cannot do so. UsingorcomutantA. aegyptiwe demonstrate that avoidance to 4- methypiperidine is not dependent onOrfamily function. Additional testing oforcomutant mosquitoes demonstrates that they are also effectively repelled by DEET, without coming in contact with it, in heat attraction assays. Together, these results support our initial observations that the conservedIrpathway plays a key role in olfactory repellency and can be used to identify new classes of repellents.
Entire genome transcription across evolutionary time exposes non-coding DNA tode novogene emergence
Authors: Neme Rafik , Tautz Diethard
Published: March 2015

Even in the best studied Mammalian genomes, less than 5% of the total genome length is annotated as exonic. However, deep sequencing analysis in humans has shown that around 40% of the genome may be covered by poly-adenylated non-coding transcripts occurring at low levels1. Their functional significance is unclear2,3, and there has been a dispute whether they should be considered as noise of the transcriptional machinery4,5. We propose that if such transcripts show some evolutionary stability they will serve as substrates forde novogene evolution, i.e. gene emergence out of non-coding DNA6–8. Here, we characterize the phylogenetic turnover of low-level poly-adenylated transcripts in a comprehensive sampling of populations, sub-species and species of the genusMus, spanning a phylogenetic distance of about 10 Myr. We find evidence for more evolutionary stable gains of transcription than losses among closely related taxa, balanced by a loss of older transcripts across the whole phylogeny. We show that adding taxa increases the genomic transcript coverage and that no major transcript-free islands exist over time. This suggests that the entire genome can be transcribed into polyadenylated RNA when viewed at an evolutionary time scale. Thus, any part of the “non-coding” genome can become subject to evolutionary functionalization viade novogene evolution.
Application of AV-ERP system for on-site project monitoring
Authors: Vegad Kunal , Madurwar Mangesh , Ralegaonkar Rahul
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a techno-economic feasibility study on the application of Audio Visual Enterprise Resource Planning (AV-ERP). Due to rapid urbanisation and economic growth in developing countries (DCs) like India, there has been tremendous development in infrastructural projects. To maintain the quality and competitive commercial pricing of the projects, stakeholders are working together from different geographic locations. Due to lack of culture in adopting the technological advancements, the on-site construction activities lack coordination among the stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

– In the present case, it is observed that the site and various stakeholders like consultants are physically monitoring and controlling the ongoing construction activity from different geographic locations. To manage the effective communication and information exchanges, an integrated tool for surveillance and AV-ERP is proposed in the present paper. These equipment and technologies play a very vital role in the construction industry, which, in turn, significantly affects the progress, cost and time of the project. The techno-economic feasibility of proposed AV-ERP system was evaluated for the ongoing township project over the study area.

Findings

– For the considered case study, 75 per cent cost of the project overhead incurred for site monitoring can be saved by implementing the proposed technology of AV-ERP system.

Practical implications

– The proposed AV-ERP system is a techno-economically viable solution for the effective project management.

Originality/value

– In the DCs like India, to develop the culture for adopting the technological advancements (AV-ERP system) for monitoring the on-site construction activities, the presented case becomes an innovative solution for upcoming medium as well as large-scale construction projects.
User-centred design for collaborative 4D modelling
Authors: Zhou Wei , Heesom David , Georgakis Panagiotis , H.M. Tah Joseph
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to clarify the CSCW in collaborative 4D modelling and its user interface (UI)/interaction designs for prototyping. Four-dimensional (4D) modelling technology has potentials to integrate geographically dispersed planners to achieve collaborative construction planning. However, applying this technology in teamwork remains a challenge in computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW).

Design/methodology/approach

– The research adopted user-centred design (UCD) methodology to investigate a usable 4D collaboration prototype through analysis, design and usability testing. By applying CSCW theories, it first clarified the meaning of 4D CSCW to formulate design propositions as design target. By leveraging UCD theories, subsequently, the first-stage research sought an optimal standalone 4D modelling prototype following a parallel design approach. At the second stage, it further investigated into a collaborative 4D modelling prototype using an iterative design. It adopted collaborative task analysis into the UI/interaction design extension for a collaborative prototype based on results obtained from the first stage. The final usability testing was performed on the collaborative prototype to evaluate the designed CSCW and UI in a controlled geographically dispersed teamwork situation.

Findings

– The test results and user feedback verified their usability. It also disclosed design weaknesses in collaborators’ awareness and smooth tasks’ transitions for further enhancement.

Originality/value

– The combination of CSCW and UCD theories is practical for designing collaborative 4D modelling. It can also benefit designs for collaborative modelling in other dimensions like cost analysis, sustainable design, facility management, etc. in building information modelling.
An enabling BIM block library: an online repository to facilitate social inclusion in Australia
Authors: Bridge Catherine , Carnemolla Phillippa
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of socially inclusive Building Information Modelling (BIM) library components. BIM requires and integrates many sets of predefined blocks or collection of attributes. Any one of the individual blocks can be replicated and/or stored in a block library for later reuse. However, few if any current block libraries contain or have access to the blocks that enable social inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

– An action-based research methodology was used to design, develop and deploy three enabling blocks as part of a plan to develop a larger library of tools for BIM practitioners. The Enabling Block Library is an open access library of Australian code-compliant mobility elements published online. This paper discusses the design and development of the library components in detail, explaining how each of the three blocks was selected in our pilot evaluation and how each was identified; fact-checked; planned (designed); deployed (action); and then evaluated.

Findings

– The process and evaluation highlights that appropriate code-compliant design tools can support greater social inclusion aspects of a built environment project. These are tools that are relevant to the full spectrum of industry users of BIM, including designers, engineers and certifiers.

Research limitations/implications

– Because this paper documents the project while in an early launch phase, with a small number of launch blocks, the research results were limited in their ability to thoroughly measure industry or educational impact. However, the results showed how a socially inclusive BIM block library can be developed and why this is important, with literature supporting the potential of its dissemination to the design and construction industry.

Originality/value

– The paper applied action-based research methodology in the development, deployment and evaluation of exploratory BIM use to create more socially inclusive environments. It is of value because it facilitates designers creating the optimum of performance-based accessible environments, rather than the minimum “deemed to satisfy” Building Codes.
Implementing innovation: a stakeholder competency-based approach for BIM
Authors: Murphy M.E.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of the paper was twofold: to review established literature to define and classify BIM; and to identify gaps in current BIM literature with respect to stakeholder competency. Construction projects adopt innovation to address client requirements. Building information modelling (BIM) has been cited as one such innovation. However there is concern that the industry lacks the mechanisms to effectively implement BIM. It is proposed that the problem lies in that BIM is currently being delivered as a project rather than an innovation; and the failure to address stakeholder competency as the key delivery agent of BIM.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative study using literature and gap analysis techniques was undertaken to establish the “state of the art”. Using an established Competency Framework 31, studies on BIM were assessed. A matrix was developed aligning the BIM studies with the Competency Framework and the findings systematically evaluated to identify gaps in the current literature.

Findings

– BIM was defined as a technical innovation and classified as a “System” of multiple innovations. Aligning the literature identified that BIM literature has largely focussed on strategic competence with some evidence of technical competence. However, there was scant investigation of information and communication competence which ranks as the most critical competency for BIM implementation. The study identified that whilst the competency-related literature on BIM was not yet rich enough to provide a sound conceptual foundation for investigation, it was evident that BIM implementation aligns closely with the innovation process.

Practical implications

– The findings highlighted the imperative of developing a competency-based approach for BIM implementation.

Social implications

– It was anticipated that a competency-based approach will provide insights to benefit construction industry clients and inform the targeted training of project stakeholders.

Originality/value

– BIM must be implemented as an innovation using a competency-based management approach as the key delivery mechanism.
Preliminary building information modelling adoption model in Malaysia
Authors: Imoudu Enegbuma Wallace , Godwin Aliagha Uche , Nita Ali Kherun
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between building information modelling (BIM) adoption from the perspectives of people, process and technology to strategic information technology (IT) in construction mediated by collaborative processes for new BIM entrants. The demand pull for more effective project delivery in the construction industry across the globe has continued to transform design techniques from two-dimensional, three-dimensional (3D) and, currently, BIM. Leverage on IT is pivotal for construction industry development as earmarked by the Malaysian construction industry master plan. BIM uptake by stakeholders in Malaysia construction industry is on a gradual increase. BIM generates and manages building data during its life cycle via 3D, real-time, dynamic building modelling.

Design/methodology/approach

– BIM model is dependent on collaborative contribution by project teams’ input at various stages. However, challenges such as people, process and technology impede an effective adoption rate in Malaysia. This paper presents a continuation of an ongoing theoretical framework developed, to further investigate the relationship between BIM adoption from perspectives of people, process and technology to strategic IT in construction and collaborative process. To develop the framework, an extensive literature review on factors affecting BIM adoption was carried out. The underlining gap stems from a positivist standpoint in examining human – IT interaction. The model builds on conceptual technology acceptance models incorporating strategic IT implementation and collaborative processes in the industry.

Findings

– The paper examined factors affecting BIM adoption in Malaysia. The factors are further affected by the environment where BIM is utilised. The paper also presents the mediating effect of collaboration for new BIM entrants. Overall, the theorised hypotheses delineate the strength and significance of the examined relationship within the model. Subsequently, the data will be collected from construction industry professionals (architects, quantity surveyors, engineers and contractors) through the developed survey instrument. The hypotheses will undergo structural equation modelling to analyse the desired statistical power, test for close versus exact fit and complexity of the model.

Social implications

– The findings will delineate the variables with predominant impact on BIM adoption and serves as a guide to future policymaking on BIM implementation in Malaysia.

Originality/value

– Current research on BIM in Malaysia is limited to readiness and awareness. This paper extends the need for empirical findings from construction professionals’ perception of BIM. The findings also explain reasons for BIM adoption in new BIM entrants and add to current body of knowledge on IT acceptance model formation.
Learning and behaviour: addressing the culture change conundrum: part one
Authors: Coulson-Thomas Colin Joseph
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– Calls for culture change often result from a desire to change certain behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to summarise some key findings of a five-year investigation into quicker and more affordable routes to creating high-performance organisations. It suggests a practical and cost-effective way of quickly changing the behaviour of key work-groups independently of corporate culture which integrates working and learning and simultaneously achieves multiple corporate objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

– A programme of critical success factor, “issue” and other surveys was complemented with a five-year evaluation of more recent case studies to understand early adoptions of performance support and to assess their results and implications. The applications examined were discussed with the relevant technical architect and the results obtained corroborated with commissioner/user performance data and/or documented assessments/reactions.

Findings

– The use of performance support which can integrate learning and working represents an affordable way of changing the behaviour of particular and front-line work-groups independently of corporate culture. Changing a culture defined in terms of deeply held attitudes, values and beliefs is problematic, but required changes of behaviour can often be quickly accomplished using performance support, which can also address particular problems and deliver benefits for multiple stakeholders.

Practical implications

– Culture change is neither necessary nor desirable where there are quicker, practical and affordable ways of altering behaviours while organisational cultures remain unchanged. It might also be problematic in organisations that need to embrace a diversity of cultures and encourage a variety of approaches and behaviours across different functions and business units. One can avoid certain general, expensive, time consuming and disruptive corporate programmes in an area such as culture change and adopt a quick, focused and cost-effective alternative that can quickly deliver multiple benefits for people and organisations.

Originality/value

– This paper summarises the main findings of an investigation that has identified deficiencies of contemporary responses to a requirement to change certain behaviours that involve seeking to change a corporate culture and questions their practicality, desirability, time-scale and affordability. It presents and evidence-based alternative approach that is more affordable and can more quickly deliver changes of behaviour required and ensure compliance with relevant laws, regulations, policies and codes.
The role of truck driver on sustainable transportation and logistics
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Gunasekaran Angappa
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify traits and skills of a truck driver for sustainable transportation, develop a theoretical framework and outline further research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The present study undertakes a review of extant literature and appreciative inquiry, a quasi-ethnographic approach to identify traits and skills of a truck driver. Further, using a pragmatic approach, a theoretical framework has been developed.

Findings

– The study proposes a theoretical framework, which can be further used for formulating training modules for truck drivers for sustainable transportation and logistics.

Research limitations/implications

– The present framework needs to be statistically validated using survey data and second, the proposition of the theoretical framework needs to be tested using hierarchical regression analysis. Second, in the study the authors have used AI. However, the authors have only interviewed selected senior police officials. This may lead to bias and to further strengthen the present study, one needs to identify other regulatory authorities and human resource managers of transportation companies. However, in Indian subcontinent situation the trucks are primarily owned by unorganized sector. Hence, the owners may have five to ten trucks and this case there is no human resource manager. However, in such case an interview with truck owners may provide a useful insight.

Practical implications

– The study has outlined recommendations on the basis of a literature review of extant literature and appreciative inquiry. The recommendations can further help policy makers or technical bodies run by a government agencies or privately managed to develop a training module for truck drivers to meet the future challenges of sustainable transportation.

Social implications

– This research is related to truck drivers and their welfare as well as how they can contribute to sustainable transportation and logistics.

Originality/value

– This research attempts to identify traits and skills of a truck driver for a sustainable transportation and logistics, and develops a theoretical framework and outline further research directions. This particular study ventures into new domain (the role of truck driver's role in sustainable logistics and transportation).
Embrace change effectively to achieve organizational excellence and effectiveness
Authors: Rao M.S.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to embrace change effectively to achieve organizational development.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper outlines the case studies on two turnaround leaders – Alan Mulally and Lou Gerstner. It explains various aspects of organizational change and development. It unveils a blueprint to embrace change effectively.

Findings

– It underscores that the only thing constant in the current global business environment is change and competition. It enlightens that change requires a new mindset, tool set and skill set. The only successful leaders are the ones who accept and mould themselves as per the changing times and technologies.

Practical implications

– The methodologies adopted by turnaround leaders can be applied to any type of organizational change, in any industry and any size of organization.

Social implications

– The social implications of this research suggests that turnaround leaders can do much better by communicating clearly to overcome resistance to lead change effectively.

Originality/value

– It differentiates between change and growth. It justifies the need to effect change swiftly in the present dynamic business environment. It concludes that change is inevitable to achieve organizational excellence and effectiveness.
Industry's role in employability
Authors: Iyer Vidya M. , Dave Kartik
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The world is seeing a large deficit in employable workforce. An employable workforce is developed with appropriate combination of academic and practical skills. Practical skills are better developed with industry intervention rather than in classrooms. Changing trends of economic activity have steadily changed the business thought. The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of industry in developing employability by studying employability from the value chain and “Demand-Supply” of workforce models. The scope is limited to Indian context. This paper is a part of the research on factors influencing employability in India.

Design/methodology/approach

– Literature review, expert interviews and authors’ own experiences and understanding.

Findings

– It has been found that most of the countries in the world are facing a shortage of skilled and employable workforce. We examined various literature content and studied specific instances in the Industry. The study has shown that in the cases where industry has been actively involved in identifying training needs, the supply of manpower has been adequate. So, it is found that industry's role in employability is crucial and impacts on other macro policies for human development.

Social implications

– As this paper is a part of a larger study on “Factors impacting employability in India,” it is of paramount importance to Indian researchers, students and policy makers. The paper and the research are oriented to identifying causes to the problem of employability, so that systemic changes can be identified.

Originality/value

– This paper is based on large amount of literature that is existing in various sources. All the literature has been thoroughly read and assimilated. Suitable references have cited and others have been acknowledged. Most importantly this is an original work of the authors and their views.
How exceptional managers use everyday psychology to develop their people
Authors: Axelrod Wendy
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify an important and often overlooked approach to talent development: managers who apply everyday psychology with their people to drive significant growth.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is based upon: years of consulting with managers, indentifying how to grow people in significant ways; original research of the practices of Exceptional Development Managers; and expert recommended approaches.

Findings

– Companies undervalue the important role managers can play in talent development. Managers are well positioned to significantly develop people, yet most do not. This paper describes the five actions managers can take using everyday psychology to help drive employees’ development.

Practical implications

– While every company strives for a fully skilled workforce, for the majority, this is far from reality. With greater investments being made to companywide talent development, it is wise to also invest in equipping managers to turn everyday work into everyday development for their employees. Because the development breakthroughs can be daunting, managers who know how to practically apply everyday psychology have a significant edge. HR departments, company leadership, and individual managers can benefit greatly from leveraging these practices.

Originality/value

– Manager's involvement in employee development is not new, this just has not gone far enough. Frequently employee development is viewed as needing to be a sideline to getting results. Further, companies are often not relying on the development driven by managers to make a significant impact on their talent development objectives. Yet, managers are key to developing people, and making psychological principles readily adaptable by managers unlocks their path forward.
Wealth sharing for success in Vietnam: fishing for the net gain
Authors: McCornac Dennis C. , Cullen Anne
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to posit that orthodox analysis of government–business and business–business organizations in Vietnam involves subtle constituency and “beneath-the-surface” relationships, largely ignored in reviews of the post-Fixed graphic economy, but are nevertheless worthy of inspection.

Design/methodology/approach

– Following a review of the theoretical terrain regarding Vietnamese political-business-economy, the authors provide an alternative view showing how the business sector has developed net(work)s of cooperative mechanisms to work with the Vietnamese Government and its bureaucrats.

Findings

– While a delicate interplay of politics can be identified in the net(work) relationships, such constituency politics do not seek to challenge the existing authority of the state or the ruling elite. Rather, the small-scale constituency politics are constructed to operate within the dominant polity and work with corporatist strategies to secure personal and group gain. The strategies used are unique in that they exhibit sympathy with socialism, yet succeed in exploiting the pro-entrepreneur characteristics of Fixed graphic.

Originality/value

– This paper supports the analysis that the dominant political culture in Vietnam is, and will continue to be, dominated by the Communist Party of Vietnam machine. However, the authors have shed light on the “below-the-surface” political activity that exists and persists throughout the business–business and government–business relationships in Vietnam and present evidence of the pluralist behaviors in these relationships that have hitherto been bypassed in orthodox state-qua-state analysis of Vietnamese polity. Taken as a whole, the existence and persistence of the net(work)s encourages a conclusion that the polity of Vietnam is a more complex process than previously thought.
Experimental detection of an early developed crack in rotor-bearing systems using an AMB
Authors: Chasalevris Athanasios C. , Papadopoulos Chris A.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a method for early crack detection in rotating shafts. A rotor-bearing system, consisting of an elastic rotor mounted on fluid film bearings, is used to detect the presence of the crack at a depth of around 5 percent of shaft radius. The fluid film bearings, the shaft and the crack introduce coupled bending vibrations both in the horizontal and vertical plane. Experimental time series of the rotor composite response under normal steady-state operation are uncoupled, to develop a signal processing procedure able to reveal the presence of the crack.

Design/methodology/approach

– The variation of the coupling property that a crack (breathing or not) or a cut (always open) introduces into the system and the localization of the coupling in the time domain is a concept proposed as a means to detect transverse surface cracks in rotating shafts. This consideration is combined with the concept of external excitation for the development of an additional crack-sensitive response during system normal operation. Using an external excitation of an active magnetic bearing of specific duration, frequency and amplitude, the method uses this coupling variation during rotation.

Findings

– The method is simple, quick and effective for early crack detection, being able to detect cracks as shallow as 5 percent of the shaft radius while the system is under normal operation, and can even be applied real-time. Experimental verification uses a simple elastic rotor with a cut mounted on fluid film bearings, with the cut producing similar coupling phenomena as an opened crack. Experimental results are encouraging.

Originality/value

– The method used is simple, quick and effective for early crack detection, being able to detect cracks as shallow as 5 percent of the shaft radius while the system is under normal operation, and can even be applied real-time.
Interfacial stresses analysis of damaged structures strengthened with bonded prestressed FRP plate having variable fiber spacing
Authors: Bensaid Ismail , Kerboua Bachir , Abdelmajid Cheikh
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a new improved solution and a new model to predict both shear and normal interfacial stress in simply supported beams strengthened with bonded prestressed FRP laminates by taking into account the fiber volume fraction spacing that play an important role on the interfacial stresses concentration.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study has been conducted by using analytical approaches for interfacial stresses in plated beams. The analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. In addition, an unrealistic restriction of the same curvatures in the RC beam and FRP panel commonly used in most of the existing studies is released in the present theoretical formulation.

Findings

– To verify the analytical model, the present predictions are compared first with those of (Malek et al., 1998; Smith and Teng, 2001) in the case of the absence of the prestressing force; for the second time, the present method is compared with that developed by (Al-Emrani and Kliger, 2006; Benachour et al., 2008) in the case where only the prestressing force is applied. From the presented results, it can be seen that the present solution agree closely with the other methods in the literature.

Originality/value

– The paper puts in evidence a new originality approach theory, taking into account the mechanical load, and the prestressed FRP plate model having variable fiber spacing which considers a strength rigidity and resistance of the damaged structures, which is one aspect that has not been taken into account by the previous studies.
Compression after impact and fatigue behavior of CFRP stiffened panels
Authors: Ružek Roman , Tserpes Konstantinos , Karachalios Evaggelos
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– Impact and fatigue are critical loading conditions for composite aerostructures. Compression behavior after impact and fatigue is a weak point for composite fuselage panels. The purpose of this paper is to characterize experimentally the compression behavior of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) stiffened fuselage panels after impact and fatigue.

Design/methodology/approach

– In total, three panels were manufactured and tested. The first panel was tested quasi-statically to measure the reference compression behavior. The second panel was subjected to impact so as to create barely visible impact damage (BVID) at different locations, then to fatigue and finally to quasi-static compression. Finally, the third panel was subjected to impact so as to create visible impact damage (VID) at different locations and then to quasi-static compression. The panels were tested using ultrasound inspection just after manufacturing to check material quality and between different tests to detect impact and fatigue damage accumulation. During tests the mechanical behavior of the panel was monitored using an optical displacement measurement system.

Findings

– Experimental results show that the presence of impact damage significantly degrades the compression behavior of the panels. Moreover, the combined effect of BVID and fatigue was proven more severe than VID.

Originality/value

– The paper gives information about the compression after impact and fatigue behavior of CFRP fuselage stiffened panels, which represent the most realistic loading scenario of composite aerostructures, and describes an integrated experimental procedure for obtaining such information.
Accelerated carbide tool wear failure during machining of hot work hardened tool steel
Authors: Pantazopoulos George , Toulfatzis Anagnostis , Vazdirvanidis Athanasios , Rikos Andreas
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to outline and document the failure root cause of a carbide cutting tool during machining of a hardened tool steel under automatic machining conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

– Optical metallography and SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, together with optical profilometry were employed for failure investigation. The use of an alternative cutting tool and modification of machining conditions are proposed as a failure preventive action.

Findings

– Severe abrasive wear and adhesion of machining chips are observed in the flank zone, causing blunting of the cutting edge. The revision of cutting conditions, together with the use CBN-based tool insert leads to an overall improvement of the stability of the process and tool lifetime.

Originality/value

– This paper places emphasis on a failure analysis case history following a structured approach in industrial machining problem solving, highlighting suggestions for process improvement.
Strain concentration during the compression of a carbon/epoxy composite after impact
Authors: Kadlec Martin , Kafka Václav
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– Polymer composite panels are widely used in aeronautic and aerospace structures due to the high strength-to-weight ratios of these structures. The purpose of this paper is to determine the strain fields and failure mechanisms during the failure of the impacted composite laminates when subjected to compression.

Design/methodology/approach

– A series of compression-after-impact (CAI) tests was performed on composite plates 150×100×4 mm3 made of a carbon-fibre-reinforced epoxy resin matrix. A digital image correlation and fractographic analysis by means of optical and electron microscopy are used for this purpose.

Findings

– The full-field strain measurements indicate a concentrated band of compressive strain near the impact, where buckling occurs. The results indicate that the strain concentration factor can be considered to be a failure criterion. The shear strain visualisation around the impact reveals an area of heterogeneous deformation that is comparable to the detected delamination area acquired by an ultrasonic technique. Fibre and inter-fibre fractures are described for the particular impact site regions.

Originality/value

– These experiments could improve numerical models for the CAI analyses and help to build a new criterion for this severe failure mode.
Wing repair using an adhesively bonded boron composite patch – design and verification
Authors: Ružek Roman , Doubrava Radek , Raška Jan
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– Various types of damage or cracking in the structural components of an airframe can occur during the service lifetimes of aging aircraft. These types of damage are commonly repaired with a patch that can be joined to the original structure by different techniques, e.g., riveting and bonding. The purpose of this paper is to describe the repair of a fatigue crack in the metallic wing structure of a jet trainer aircraft using an adhesively bonded boron composite patch.

Design/methodology/approach

– The partial analytical design and numerical analysis of the repair is presented. Three different versions of the patch are quantitatively investigated. The efficiency of the designed adhesively bonded boron patch with the parent metallic structure is experimentally verified by panel tests, and two different patch geometries and two surface preparation techniques are investigated. The panels were designed, manufactured and tested as representative structures of the repaired structure.

Findings

– Adhesively bonded composite repair increases the lifetime by at least one order compared with the non-repaired structure. Both surface preparations provide equivalent results. The repair lifetime is significantly influenced by the patch geometry, and the longer patch significantly increases the lifetime of the panel. The lifetime of the structure can be increased by ˜40-fold if the patch geometry is a rectangle with 1:1.5 proportions of the sides (length in the crack direction/length perpendicular to the crack propagation). The patch length in the crack direction should be twice that of the initial crack length. Additional patch length extension in the direction that is perpendicular to the crack propagation does not appear to be effective for significantly decreasing the stress intensity factor and patch efficiency. The repair also retards the crack propagation if the crack grows out of the patch. No significant disbonding was detected.

Originality/value

– The work described in this paper provides information that is very useful for patch design and verification with relation to different patch geometries and technologies. The designed and verified repair has been successfully applied to an L-39 Czech aircraft structure.
Synthesis, structural and nanomechanical properties of cobalt based thin films
Authors: Koumoulos Elias P. , Tsikourkitoudi Vasiliki P. , Kartsonakis Ioannis A. , Markakis Vassileios E. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Hristoforou Evangelos , Charitidis Costas A.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to produce cobalt (Co)-based thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and then to evaluate structural and mechanical integrity.

Design/methodology/approach

– Co-based thin films were produced by metalorganic CVD technique. Boronizing, carburization and nitridation of the produced Co thin films were accomplished through a post-treatment stage of thermal diffusion into as-deposited Co thin films, in order to produce cobalt boride (Co2B), cobalt carbide and cobalt nitride thin films in the surface layer of Co. The surface topography and the crystal structure of the produced thin films were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The mechanical integrity of the produced thin films was evaluated through nanoindentation technique.

Findings

– The obtained results indicate that Co2B thin film exhibits the highest nanomechanical properties (i.e. H and E), while Co thin film has enhanced plasticity. The cobalt oxide thin film exhibits higher resistance to wear in comparison to the cobalt thin film, a fact that is confirmed by the nanoscratch analysis showing lower coefficient of friction for the oxide.

Originality/value

– This work is original.
Wayback machine: reincarnation to vanished online citations
Authors: Kumar B T Sampath , Vinay Kumar D , Prithviraj K.R.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to know the rate of loss of online citations used as references in scholarly journals. It also indented to recover the vanished online citations using Wayback Machine and also to calculate the half-life period of online citations.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study selected three journals published by Emerald publication. All 389 articles published in these three scholarly journals were selected. A total of 15,211 citations were extracted of which 13,281 were print citations and only 1,930 were online citations. The online citations so extracted were then tested to determine whether they were active or missing on the Web. W3C Link Checker was used to check the existence of online citations. The online citations which got HTTP error message while testing for its accessibility were then entered in to the search box of the Wayback Machine to recover vanished online citations.

Findings

– Study found that only 12.69 percent (1,930 out of 15,211) citations were online citations and the percentage of online citations varied from a low of 9.41 in the year 2011 to high of 17.52 in the year 2009. Another notable finding of the research was that 30.98 percent of online citations were not accessible (vanished) and remaining 69.02 percent of online citations were still accessible (active). The HTTP 404 error message – “page not found” was the overwhelming message encountered and represented 62.98 percent of all HTTP error message. It was found that the Wayback Machine had archived only 48.33 percent of the vanished web pages, leaving 51.67 percent still unavailable. The half-life of online citations was increased from 5.40 years to 11.73 years after recovering the vanished online citations.

Originality/value

– This is a systematic and in-depth study on recovery of vanished online citations cited in journals articles spanning a period of five years. The findings of the study will be helpful to researchers, authors, publishers, and editorial staff to recover vanishing online citations using Wayback Machine.
Security and the social mind: attachment and therapeutic communities
Authors: Adshead Gwen
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the basic features of attachment theory, and explore how they relate to the development of the “social mind” and the work of therapeutic communities (TC).

Design/methodology/approach

– The author describes the essentials of attachment theory in humans; and the development of both secure and insecure states of mind. The author will set out how insecure attachment systems are associated with deficits in mentalising processes which are fundamental to the activity of the social mind.

Findings

– The author suggests how attachment to a TC can promote mentalising processes. The author draws on the work of other speakers in the conclusions about how to “grow” secure minds and societies.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper is a brief over view only and does not address attachment process to TC in any depth.

Practical implications

– Attachment theory could help both service users and therapists who work in TCs understand some of the difficulties people have in engaging at the start. Attachment theory also gives a guide to what a “good enough” experience in a TC might look like.

Originality/value

– There is little existing discussion of the application of attachment theory to TCs.
Communication – a culture of open dialogue
Authors: Jackson Val , Perry Alex
Published: March 2015

Purpose

– Open dialogue (OD) is an innovative approach to mental health crises based on close collaboration between services and an individual’s family and social network. The approach was originally designed by Jaakko Seikkula and his colleagues in Tornio, Finland and is now being developed in many countries around the world, in particular Denmark, Germany, Norway and the USA. OD describes both a way of being with families and also a way of organising services aimed at maximising communication and connection. The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of OD, it’s development in Finland and here in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is a description of the principles and outcomes of OD as practised in Western Finland. It also describes the recent developments in the UK using the approach.

Findings

– This paper is descriptive of the model and is not of a research project.

Originality/value

– Whilst care must be taken in assuming that these remarkable results are transferable to the UK, other countries and several Mental Health trusts in England are actively engaged with developing an OD approach.
Exploration of a standard treatment for Buruli ulcer through a comprehensive analysis of all cases diagnosed in Japan
Authors: Sugawara Mariko , Ishii Norihisa , Nakanaga Kazue , Suzuki Koichi , Umebayashi Yoshihiro , Makigami Kuniko , Aihara Michiko
Published: March 2015

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a refractory skin ulcer caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans or M. ulcerans ssp. shinshuense, a subspecies thought to have originated in Japan or elsewhere in Asia. Although BU occurs most frequently in tropical and subtropical areas such as Africa and Australia, the occurrence in Japan has gradually increased in recent years. The World Health Organization recommends multidrug therapy consisting of a combination of oral rifampicin (RFP) and i.m. streptomycin (SM) for the treatment of BU. However, surgical interventions are often required when chemotherapy alone is ineffective. As a first step in developing a standardized regimen for BU treatment in Japan, we analyzed detailed records of treatments and prognoses in 40 of the 44 BU cases that have been diagnosed in Japan. We found that a combination of RFP (450 mg/day), levofloxacin (LVFX; 500 mg/day) and clarithromycin (CAM; at a dose of 800 mg/day instead of 400 mg/day) was superior to other chemotherapies performed in Japan. This simple treatment with oral medication increases the probability of patient adherence, and may often eliminate the need for surgery.