bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iminium—Allenamine Cascade Catalysis: One‐Pot Access to Chiral 4H‐Chromenes by a Highly Enantioselective Michael—Michael Sequence.
Authors: Zhang Xinshuai , Zhang Shilei , Wang Wei
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐Iodo‐4‐quinolones in Heck Reactions: Synthesis of Novel (E)‐3‐Styryl‐4‐quinolones.
Authors: Almeida Andreia I. S. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐ and 5‐Heteroaryl‐7‐carboxyl‐8‐hydroxyquinaldines Through Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Sliman Faten , Desmaele Didier
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cheap and Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinazolinone, Dihydropyrimidinone, and Pyrimidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Mirza‐Aghayan Maryam , Moradi Alireza , Bolourtchian Mohammad , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Pyrazines and Quinoxalines by Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,3‐Dichloropyrazine and 2,3‐Dichloroquinoxaline. Influence of the Temperature on the Product Distribution.
Authors: Malik Imran , Hussain Munawar , Ali Asad , Toguem Serge‐Mitherand Tengho , Basha Fatima Z. , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrimido[5,4‐c][2,1]benzothiazines by Reactions of β‐Chloroaldehydes with N‐C‐N Binucleophiles.
Authors: Popov Kirill , Volovnenko Tatyana , Turov Alexander , Volovenko Yulian
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Indolylthiadiazinoazetidinones and Indolylthiadiazinothiazolidinones as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Sharma Suneel Kumar , Singh Sheoraj , Kumar Ashok , Sharma Shalabh
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed (Z)‐Trialkylsilylation of Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Lu Biao , Falck J. R.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies and Pharmacological Evaluations on the MDMA (“Ecstasy”) Antagonist Nantenine.
Authors: LeGendre Onica , Pecic Stevan , Chaudhary Sandeep , Zimmerman Sarah M. , Fantegrossi William E. , Harding Wayne W.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Extension of the Periodic System: Superheavy — Superneutronic
Authors: Greiner W. , Zagrebaev V. I.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Strong One‐Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Interactions of Silver(II) Ions in Silver Sulfate
Authors: Koehler Juergen
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Class II Tin‐Based Hybrid Materials Prepared from Alkynyltin Precursors
Authors: Toupance Thierry
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Tin: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Sevov Slavi C.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyanide‐Bridged Complexes of Transition Metals: A Molecular Magnetism Perspective
Authors: Shatruk Michael , Avendano Carolina , Dunbar Kim R.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recycling and Catalytic Approaches for the Development of a Rare‐Metal‐Free Synthetic Method Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagent
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adenosyl Radical: Reagent and Catalyst in Enzyme Reactions
Authors: Marsh E. Neil G. , Patterson Dustin P. , Li Lei
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rate Constants for Decarboxylation Reactions Calculated Using No Barrier Theory
Authors: Guthrie J. Peter , Peiris Sriyawathie , Simkin Margaret , Wang Yun
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Spinosyn Family of Insecticides: Realizing the Potential of Natural Products Research
Authors: Kirst Herbert A.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Combinatorial Chemistry Strategy for Nanotechnology Research.
Authors: Su Gaoxing , Yan Bing
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Halogenated α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Strickland Madeleine , Willis Christine L.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Alkyl Amino Acids
Authors: Aurelio Luigi , Hughes Andrew B.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition to Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes/Ketones
Authors: Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Dynamic Ammonium Salt Catalysts Towards More Flexible and Selective Function
Authors: Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General Aspects and Historical Background (Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reactions)
Authors: Bandini Marco
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organic Synthesis via Organocatalysis
Authors: Melchiorre Paolo
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Epigenome Manipulation as a Pathway to New Natural Product Scaffolds and Their Congeners
Authors: Cichewicz Robert H.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis and Biomimetic Synthesis of Alkaloids Isolated from Plants of the Nitraria and Myrioneuron Genera: An Unusual Lysine‐Based Metabolism
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Poupon Erwan
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylated Indole Derivatives from Fungi: Structure Diversity, Biological Activities, Biosynthesis and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis
Authors: Li Shu‐Ming
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resolution and absolute configuration assignment of a chiral hemicryptophane molecular cage
Authors: Perraud Olivier , Raytchev Pascal Dimitrov , Martinez Alexandre , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre
Published: May 2010

The racemic hemicryptophane molecular cage 2 was resolved by semipreparative HPLC on Whelk‐O1 column. The absolute configuration of each isolated enantiomer was established from the analysis of their circular dichroism spectra and assigned as P‐(+)‐2 and M‐(−)‐2. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of impeller speed and holdup on mean drop size in a mixer settler with spiral‐type impeller
Authors: Khakpay Amir , Abolghasemi Hossein
Published: May 2010

An experimental investigation has been carried out in order to analyse the drop size distributions of liquid–liquid dispersion in a single stage mixer settler extractor. In this paper, the effects of the impeller speed and the holdup on mean drops size, D32, have been investigated. D32 was decreased with an increase in the impeller speed. Furthermore, D32 was increased with an increase in the holdup. In addition, a new and modified correlation was established based on these results. The average absolute relative deviation is 3.36%.
Liposome contrast agent for CT‐based detection and localization of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions in rabbits: validation with FDG‐PET and histology
Authors: Zheng Jinzi , Allen Christine , Serra Stefano , Vines Douglass , Charron Martin , Jaffray David A.
Published: May 2010

Purpose

This study was aimed at assessing the performance of a liposome‐based computed tomography (CT) contrast agent to detect tumor and inflammatory lesions in a rabbit model relative to 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐ positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET).

Materials and Methods

Nine New Zealand White rabbits were inoculated with a cell suspension obtained from the tumor tissue of a donor rabbit bearing VX2 carcinoma. Spontaneously formed inflammatory lesions were identified in the skeletal muscles of six of the nine animals. The CT liposome agent (185 ± 37 mg/kg of iodine) was administered intravenously 7 days following tumor inoculation. The PET/CT imaging session took place five days post‐liposome contrast administration and 1 h post 18F‐FDG injection (30.3 ± 5.1 MBq/kg). Approximately 20 h post‐imaging, the tumor and inflammatory lesions were excised for histo‐pathology assessment.

Results

Liposome‐CT identified the same number of primary tumors as FDG‐PET (nine lesions, volumes = 0.07–7.01 cm3, SUVmax = 1.5–10.9, HUmean = 103.0–140.6). It also detected 25 inflammatory lesions (volumes = 0.01–2.73 cm3, HUmean = 114.5–268.6), while FDG‐PET identified seven (volumes = 0.05–1.04 cm3, SUVmax = 2.7–7.1). Differences in the mean CT signal (HUmean) between the tumor and inflammatory lesions were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Partial volume adjusted SUVmax values for the two lesion types calculated from the FDG‐PET data set did not yield a significant difference (p > 0.15).

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that liposome‐CT can be considered for effective screening of neoplastic and inflammatory diseases, as well as subsequent image‐guided biopsy. Moreover, the differential accumulation of the liposomal agent at tumor and inflammatory sites highlights its potential role in increasing the specificity of image‐based diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β inhibition increases tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yongxin , Mandal Deendayal , Wang Suizhau , Kleinerman Eugenie S. , Pollock Raphael E. , Lev Dina , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

There is a crucial need for better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma (EWS). Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in EWS cells in vitro. However, in vivo, acquired resistance to TRAIL is a major limiting factor. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) is highly expressed on EWS cells. Thus, the authors evaluated whether PDGFR‐β blockade could sensitize EWS cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS:

The effect of combined imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and TRAIL on EWS cell growth and apoptosis was tested in vitro. Stable PDGFR‐β knockdown in EWS cells was achieved by short‐hairpin RNA transduction, and TRAIL sensitivity of these cells was measured. Expression of death receptors was measured by fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorting (FACS) analysis, and caspase 8 activity was evaluated by Western blot analysis. An orthotopic human xenograft model of EWS growth and spontaneous metastasis in nude mice was used to assess the in vivo affect of combined imatinib mesylate and TRAIL.

RESULTS:

Imatinib mesylate induced a significant TRAIL proapoptotic effect in EWS cells in vitro. Specific PDGFR‐β silencing in EWS cells enhanced the effects of TRAIL, possibly through an increase in the expression of death receptors 4 and 5. The combination of imatinib mesylate and TRAIL significantly inhibited the growth of primary tumors and decreased the incidence of spontaneous EWS pulmonary metastasis compared with either drug alone.

CONCLUSIONS:

PDGFR‐β blockade combined with TRAIL resulted in antihuman EWS activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the possibility that combining these treatments will improve anti‐EWS therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Dasatinib in imatinib‐resistant or imatinib‐intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia in blast phase after 2 years of follow‐up in a phase 3 study
Authors: Saglio Giuseppe , Hochhaus Andreas , Goh Yeow Tee , Masszi Tamas , Pasquini Ricardo , Maloisel Frederic , Erben Philipp , Cortes Jorge , Paquette Ronald , Bradley‐Garelik M. Brigid , Zhu Chao , Dombret Herve
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

In a phase 3 study, the authors assessed the effects of dasatinib at doses of 140 mg once daily and 70 mg twice daily in patients who had either chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in advanced phases or Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and were resistant or intolerant to imatinib. In the current report, the results for patients with CML in blast phase after 2 years of follow‐up are reported.

METHODS:

Patients were stratified according to whether they had CML in myeloid blast phase (MBP‐CML) or in lymphoid blast phase (LBP‐CML) and were randomized (1:1) within each stratum to receive either oral dasatinib 140 mg once daily or 70 mg twice daily.

RESULTS:

In patients with MBP‐CML, the major hematologic response rate was 28% for both regimens; and, in patients with LBP‐CML, the major hematologic response rate was 42% for once‐daily dasatinib and 32% for twice‐daily dasatinib. The major cytogenetic response rates were 25% for once‐daily dasatinib and 28% for twice‐daily dasatinib in patients with MBP‐CML, and the respective rates in patients with LBP‐CML were 50% and 40%. The overall survival rate at 24 months was 24% for once‐daily dasatinib and 28% for twice‐daily dasatinib in patients with MBP‐CML, and the respective values in patients with LBP‐CML were 21% and 16%. Adverse events indicated a trend toward improved tolerability for the once‐daily regimen.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that dasatinib 140 mg once daily had similar efficacy and improved tolerability relative to the 70‐mg twice‐daily regimen in patients with imatinib‐resistant, blast phase CML. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Access to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Joshua Thomas V. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Zhang Mei‐Jie , Hari Parameswaran N. , Kurian Seira , Pasquini Marcelo , Majhail Navneet S. , Lee Stephanie J. , Horowitz Mary M.
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) to treat leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma (MM) differs by race and sex.

METHODS:

The annual incidence of leukemia, lymphoma, and MM was estimated in the United States in people aged <70 years by race and sex using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry between 1997 and 2002 and US census reports for the year 2000. The annual incidence of autologous, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical sibling, and unrelated HCT performed in these groups was estimated using Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research data from 1997 through 2002. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the age‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) of receiving HCT for Caucasians versus African Americans and for men versus women.

RESULTS:

The likelihood of undergoing HCT was found to be higher for Caucasians than for African Americans (OR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.34‐1.46). This difference existed for each type of HCT: autologous (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.30), HLA identical sibling (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46‐1.74), and unrelated donor (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.75‐2.33). Overall, men were more likely than women to receive HCT (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.1 [P < .0001]); however, this difference was found to be significant only for autologous HCT (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.13 [P < .0001]).

CONCLUSIONS:

HCT is more frequently used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and MM in Caucasians than in African American individuals. African Americans have lower rates of both autologous and allogeneic HCT, indicating that donor availability cannot fully explain the differences. Women are less likely than men to receive autologous HCT for reasons unexplained by age or disease status. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Reciprocity and burnout in direct care staff
Authors: Rose John , Madurai Teresa , Thomas Kate , Duffy Brigid , Oyebode Jan
Published: May 2010

Understanding the perceptions of direct care staff of their reciprocal relationships at work and levels of burnout may help us improve not only their psychological health but also the service they provide. A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken with direct care staff who worked with children, older people and people with intellectual disabilities in residential settings. Staffs were asked to report their levels of burnout and perceived reciprocity in the relationship they had with service users, other staff and the organisation they worked for. Significant relationships were found between some burnout and reciprocity measures. ‘Under benefit’ in relationships with service users, colleagues and the organization was related to emotional exhaustion. ‘Under benefit’ in organizational and staff relationships was related to increased depersonalization. Reciprocity is a potentially useful concept for understanding differences in relationships across a broad range of staff and use of the reciprocity questionnaire in this study allows for comparison between diverse groups. The importance of relationships with the employing organization is highlighted in this sample and suggests that burnout is not solely linked with lack of reciprocity in the caregiving relationship per se. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Direct care staff are important intermediaries for the work of many clinical psychologists and research suggests that their well‐being can influence the quality of care they provide.

• There are similarities between care staff who work across different client groups.

• This paper describes the development of a methodology that examines reciprocity in relationships with service users, staff and organization.

• This framework is shown to be useful in exploring staff relationships and concerns that may facilitate clinical work with staff and stimulate research.
Experiential learning in psychotherapy: ropes course exposures as an adjunct to inpatient treatment
Authors: Wolf Markus , Mehl Kilian
Published: May 2010

Exposures to a high‐ropes course are introduced as an adjunct intervention in the therapy of psychotherapy patients. A controlled study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of high‐ropes exposures as an add‐on to inpatient treatment in a naturalistic setting. In a sample of 247 patients, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, locus of control and self‐efficacy were assessed at admission and discharge of treatment and at 24‐month follow‐up. Follow‐up data were available for 104 patients who attended the ropes courses and 53 control patients who underwent an inpatient treatment programme as usual. At the end of treatment, more high‐rope participants showed clinically significant change on trait anxiety than controls but not regarding depressive symptoms. High‐rope participants showed better follow‐up outcomes than controls in trait anxiety and self‐efficacy but not in depressive symptoms and external locus of control. Moreover, during follow‐up, in the high‐rope group, more patients showed reliable improvements and fewer patients showed reliable deteriorations in trait anxiety as compared with controls. The study gives a preliminary indication that the high‐rope interventions are a feasible and valuable add‐on to inpatient psychotherapy. The study design, sample composition and loss to follow‐up are discussed as potential limitations of the study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Based on the principles of experiential learning, outdoor ropes courses are a means for the facilitation of personal growth and promotion of individual coping skills.

• A ropes course intervention was evaluated as an add‐on to a psychotherapy inpatient programme.

• In a diagnostically mixed inpatient sample, participation in ropes course exposures seemed to be related with better long‐term outcomes on personality variables—trait anxiety and self‐efficacy—but not regarding depressive symptoms and state anxiety.

• Interventions that draw upon experience and group action might be a valuable addition to talking psychotherapy.
Psychometric properties of the panic disorder severity scale: clinician‐administered and self‐report versions
Authors: Wuyek Lisa A. , Antony Martin M. , McCabe Randi E.
Published: May 2010

The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a seven‐item scale designed to assess overall severity of panic disorder symptoms. Although the PDSS is widely used, there have been limited independent studies confirming reliability and validity, particularly of the self‐report version of the PDSS, and even fewer studies directly comparing the two versions. Given the need for psychometrically sound measures that comprehensively assess the main features of panic disorder, this study examined the psychometric properties of both the clinician‐administered and self‐report versions of the PDSS. As the PDSS targets symptom severity across a number of specific domains, PDSS items were compared to several scales designed to measure similar constructs, including the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale, Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia and Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire. Results indicated acceptable reliability for both the clinician‐administered and self‐report versions. Results indicated acceptable validity for the clinician‐administered PDSS and promising validity for the self‐report. However, correlations between both versions of the PDSS and comparison measures were lower than predicted. Results also indicated that scores on the self‐report and clinician‐administered versions were significantly associated, although correlations between specific PDSS items on the two versions were also lower than expected. Results suggest that total scores on each of the PDSS versions provide a useful indication of panic‐related severity. However, clinicians and researchers are cautioned against relying on scores from individual items to measure specific constructs due to their poor specificity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Results indicated acceptable validity for the clinician‐administered PDSS and promising validity for the self‐report, and suggest that total scores on each version provide a useful indication of panic‐related severity. However, clinicians and researchers are cautioned against relying on scores from individual items to measure specific constructs due to their poor specificity.
Rejection sensitivity and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Staebler Katja , Helbing Esther , Rosenbach Charlotte , Renneberg Babette
Published: May 2010

Rejection sensitivity (RS) is defined as a cognitive‐affective processing disposition of anxious expectation, ready perception and overreaction to rejection cues. RS is widely investigated in social psychology, but research on RS in clinical samples is scarce. Focus of the present study was to examine the role of RS in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to other clinical disorders. The Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) was adapted for application in clinical and non‐clinical samples and proved to be a methodologically sound measure. High correlations between the RSQ and borderline‐specific cognitions (Questionnaire of Thoughts and Feelings) were observed. Compared to several clinical samples as well as healthy controls, BPD patients indicated the highest scores on both measures and differed significantly from all other groups, even from patients with social anxiety disorders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• Rejection sensitivity is strongly associated with BPD symptoms.

• A (German) adaption of the RSQ showed good psychometric properties.

• Further research should focus on the role of RS for the aetiology and maintenance of mental disorders, especially BPD.
Evaluation of thyroid fine‐needle aspirations: Can ThinPrep be used exclusively to appropriately triage patients having a thyroid nodule?
Authors: Duncan Lisa D. , Forrest Lorien , Law William M. , Hubbard Elizabeth , Stewart Laura E.
Published: May 2010

Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) represents an ideal management tool for thyroid nodules. ThinPrep is routinely used in preparation of a variety of nongynecologic cytology specimens, including FNA. The authors investigated ThinPrep to determine if its diagnostic accuracy is sufficient to triage patients presenting with a thyroid nodule. ThinPrep (TP) slides from four separate study categories were reviewed in a blind fashion. Twenty‐five cases of papillary carcinoma, follicular lesion, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and multinodular goiter were examined retrospectively. Diagnostic accuracy of TP for each diagnostic category was determined relative to the final FNA diagnosis. Of 100 total study cases, 46 (46%) had noncorrelation. Twenty five (25%) of the study cases had noncorrelation as a result of insufficient cellularity. The diagnostic accuracy of TP for papillary carcinoma was 64%, for follicular lesion 24%, for Hashimoto's thyroiditis 72% and for multinodular goiter 56%. Cytologic features of papillary carcinoma, Hashimoto's thryoiditis, and multinodular goiter are preserved in TP slides. Cytologic features of follicular lesion are less predictable in TP slides. When all cases of noncorrelation were examined, we concluded that insufficient or marginal cellularity most often accounts for the discrepancy between TP and CS diagnoses in each study category. If techniques can be established to improve cellularity of TP slides, particularly in follicular lesions, we believe that sufficient diagnostic accuracy can be achieved to result in appropriate patient triage. Additional studies exploring methods to improve TP cellularity are needed before TP can be used as the sole diagnostic test for thyroid FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:341–348. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma diagnosed by endometrial cytological examination: Two cases report
Authors: Kinoshita Yuichi , Takasu Kosho , Adachi Yasushi , Yuri Takashi , Ikuta Akiko , Shikata, Nobuaki
Published: May 2010

In contrast to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA), endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma (ECCA) is rare and shows a clinically aggressive potential, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of ECCA is crucial for the treatment of patients bearing the tumor. Here, we report two cases of ECCA diagnosed by cytological examination. Case 1 was a 67‐year‐old female, while case 2 was a 68‐year‐old female. In both cases, tumors of the corpus uteri were identified, and they were diagnosed as ECCA on cytological examination with specimens derived from endometrial brushing. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histological examination of the surgical specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:200–203. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell cannibalism and cancer
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Dey Pranab
Published: May 2010

Cellular cannibalism, defined as a large cell enclosing a slightly smaller one within its cytoplasm. In this review, we discussed the morphology, possible mechanism, and the cytological significance of cannibalism in relation to malignancy. Cannibalism is a completely different entity than phagocyosis, entosis, and emeriopoliosis. It is an important morphologic feature to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. Cannibalism has been described in various cancers such as, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc, and this is related with the aggressiveness of the malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:229–233. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of structural isomers in a target drug database by LC/Q‐TOFMS using fragmentation prediction
Authors: Tyrkkö Elli , Pelander Anna , Ojanperä Ilkka
Published: May 2010

Isomers cannot be differentiated from each other solely based on accurate mass measurement of the compound. A liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q‐TOFMS) method was used to systematically fragment a large group of different isomers. Two software programs were used to characterize in silico mass fragmentation of compounds in order to identify characteristic fragments. The software programs employed were ACD/MS Fragmenter (ACD Labs Toronto, Canada), which uses general fragmentation rules to generate fragments based on the structure of a compound, and SmartFormula3D (Bruker Daltonics), which assigns fragments from a mass spectra and calculates the molecular formulae for the ions using accurate mass data. From an in‐house toxicology database of 874 drug substances, 48 isomer groups comprising 111 compounds, for which a reference standard was available, were found. The product ion spectra were processed with the two software programs and 1–3 fragments were identified for each compound. In 82% of the cases, the fragment could be identified with both software programs. Only 10 isomer pairs could not be differentiated from each other based on their fragments. These compounds were either diastereomers or position isomers undergoing identical fragmentation. Accurate mass data could be utilized with both software programs for structural elucidation of the fragments. Mean mass accuracy and isotopic pattern match values (SigmaFit; Bruker Daltonics Bremen, Germany) were 0.9 mDa and 24.6 mSigma, respectively. The study introduces a practical approach for preliminary compound identification in a large target database by LC/Q‐TOFMS without necessarily possessing reference standards. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tamoxifen‐inducible podocyte‐specific iCre recombinase transgenic mouse provides a simple approach for modulation of podocytes in vivo
Authors: Wang Jinrong , Wang Yin , Long Jianyin , Chang Benny H.J. , Wilson Mathew H. , Overbeek Paul , Danesh Farhad R.
Published: May 2010

We report the generation and initial characterization of a mouse line expressing tamoxifen‐inducible improved Cre (iCre) recombinase (iCre‐ERT2) under the regulation of NPHS2 (podocin) gene promoter. The resulting transgenic mouse line was named podocin‐iCreERT2 mice. The efficiency of iCre activity was confirmed by crossing podocin‐iCreERT2 with the ROSA26 reporter mouse. By using the floxed ROSA reporter mice, we found that tamoxifen specifically induced recombination in the kidneys. In the absence of tamoxifen, recombination was undetectable in podocin‐iCreERT2;ROSA26 mice. However, following intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen, selective recombination was observed in the podocytes of adult animals. We further examined the efficiency of recombination by assessing various tamoxifen exposure regimens in adult mice. These results suggest that podocin‐iCre‐ERT2 mouse provides an excellent genetic tool to examine the function of candidate genes in podocytes in a spatially and temporally‐restricted manner. genesis 48:446–451, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptation to climate change in the European union: efficiency versus equity considerations
Authors: Aakre Stine , Rübbelke Dirk T.G.
Published: May 2010

EU climate policy based on reduction (mitigation) of greenhouse gas emissions is coupled with measures aimed at responding efficiently to the unavoidable consequences of climate change (adaptation). However, as the European Commission stated recently in its Green and White Papers on adaptation in Europe, there is still need to develop an overall EU adaptation strategy. Moreover, such a strategy should take into consideration both efficiency and equity concerns. In this article we propose a framework for EU adaptation policy that addresses the two concerns and which enables a transparent decision‐making process. In the proposed scheme universal weightings of the individual policy objectives have to be agreed upon prior to actual decision‐making. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The evolution of Chinese policies and governance structures on environment, energy and climate
Authors: Tsang Stephen , Kolk Ans
Published: May 2010

Although a successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol has not yet materialized, the 2009 Copenhagen meeting underlined the importance of China in international debates on climate and energy. This is based not only on China's current climate emissions, but also on its expected energy use and economic growth. Within China, climate issues have, like environmental pollution more generally, received increasing government and societal attention, but so has energy – topics that relate to one other but also have different priorities and actor interests behind them. However, while climate change has become more prominent, as shown in the targets included in the current five‐year plan, its institutional embeddedness in relation to particularly energy issues has received limited attention. This paper aims to help shed some light on how Chinese policies and governance structures on energy, climate and environment have evolved, particularly considering the roles of national and provincial authorities. Administrative structures and policy‐making processes turn out to be very complex, with a range of units and bodies at different levels with distinct responsibilities as well as inter‐linkages. Moreover, tensions and conflicts can be found regarding climate change and environmental policies on the one hand, and prevailing objectives to further economic development on the other. Energy policies serve the same economic goals, with climate change being most often operationalized in terms of energy conservation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Preparation of New Ligand‐Deficient Thiocyanato Compounds with Cooperative Magnetic Phenomena by Thermal Decomposition of Their Ligand‐Rich Precursors
Authors: Wriedt Mario , Näther Christian
Published: May 2010

The reaction of nickel thiocyanate with bipy (4,4′‐bipyridine) in water at room temperature leads to the formation of the ligand‐rich 1:2 (1:2 ratio between metal salt and organic ligand) hydrate [{Ni(NCS)2(bipy)(H2O)2}·(bipy)]n (1‐Ni), which is isotypic to its analogues 1‐Mn and 1‐Co reported recently. In their crystal structure, the metal cations are coordinated by two terminal N‐bonded thiocyanato anions, two water molecules, and two bridging bipy ligands in an octahedral coordination mode. These building blocks elongate in linear M–bipy–M chains, which are further connected by hydrogen bonds between H2O and noncoordinated bipy ligands into layers. On heating these precursor compounds, two‐step decomposition is observed: New ligand‐rich 1:2 anhydrous compounds [M(NCS)2(bipy)2]n [M = Mn (2‐Mn), Co (2‐Co), and Ni (2‐Ni)] could be identified as intermediates in the first heating step, and new ligand‐deficient 1:1 compounds [M(NCS)2(bipy)]n [M = Mn (3‐Mn), Co (3‐Co), and Ni (3‐Ni)] could be identified as intermediates in the second heating step. A smooth reaction pathway in their crystal structures is observed: First, water is removed, leading to directly coordinating bipy ligands, and second, half of the bipy ligands are removed, leading to μ‐1,3‐bridging thiocyanato anions. This structural transformation is accompanied by a dramatic change in their magnetic properties: Whereas the ligand‐rich 1:2 hydrates and anhydrous compounds show only Curie–Weiss paramagnetism, the ligand‐deficient 1:1 intermediates show either Curie–Weiss paramagnetism or antiferromagnetic ordering at lower temperatures, mediated by the bridging thiocyanato anions. These results are qualitatively compared with those of the related ligand‐rich and ligand‐deficient compounds with pyrazine and pyrimidine.
Ionic Liquids for Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry
Authors: Mudring Anja‐Verena , Tang Sifu
Published: May 2010

Ionic liquid chemistry has developed into a tremendously popular field of chemistry in the last decade. It has been realized that ionic liquids show features that cannot be realized in conventional molecular solvents. The widely tuneable class of ionic liquids has become important for lanthanide and actinide coordination chemistry, f‐element spectroscopy, f‐element electrochemistry and electrodeposition, organic synthesis and catalysis as well as inorganic nanomaterial synthesis. For example, ionic liquids offer the possibility to synthesize and crystallize quite uncommon lanthanide compounds. Ionic liquids can also be designed in such a way that they become excellent media to study the optical properties of lanthanide compounds. And even ionic liquids based on f‐elements can be made. Hydrophobic ionic liquids may replace organic solvents in liquid/liquid f‐element extraction processes, not only as a safer extraction phase but also as a smart extractant. Their wide electrochemical window and large ion conductivity make ionic liquids interesting solvents to study the electrodeposition of the very electropositive lanthanide elements. For f‐element‐catalyzed reactions, higher reaction rates, enhanced selectivity, better immobilization of the catalyst and an easy product recovery have often been observed in certain ionic liquids.
Metal Salt Mediated Radical Reactions of 2‐Substituted‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones
Authors: Lin Zhen‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Ling , Lee Chih‐Shone , Chuang Che‐Ping
Published: May 2010

The silver(II)‐ and manganese(III)‐mediated radical reactions of 2‐substituted‐1,4‐naphthoquinones are described. Acyl radicals generated by the oxidative decarboxylation of α‐keto acids with silver(I) nitrate and persulfate undergo efficient radical addition to the C=C bond of 2‐(1‐hydroxyalkyl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and 2‐(1‐amidoalkyl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones. This reaction provides an effective method for the synthesis of naphtho[2,3‐c]furan‐4,9‐diones and benzo[f]isoindole‐4,9‐diones. In the presence of O2, manganese(III) acetate oxidation of β‐keto esters also generates acyl radicals, which then undergo radical addition to 2‐(1‐amidoalkyl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, and subsequently, benzo[f]isoindole‐4,9‐diones are produced.
The Grignard Reaction of Cyclodextrin‐6‐aldehydes Revisited: A Study of the Stereoselectivity Upon Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Lindbäck Emil , Zhou You , Marinescu Lavinia , Pedersen Christian M. , Bols Mikael
Published: May 2010

2A–G,3A–G,6B–G‐Icosakis‐O‐benzyl‐6A‐O‐oxo‐β‐cyclodextrinwas treated with aromatic and aliphatic Grignard reagents to give diastereomeric mixtures of the secondary alcohols with remarkable difference in polarity. Moderate‐to‐good yields and selectivity were obtained. By oxidizing the secondary alcohols, followed by a second Grignard reaction, good to excellent yields and selectivity of tertiary alcohols could be obtained. The stereochemistry of the reaction outcome was shown to be dependent on the order of addition of the Grignard reagents and could be efficiently controlled.
RAMA stain: A fast, sensitive and less protein‐modifying CBB R250 stain
Authors: Yasumitsu Hidetaro , Ozeki Yasuhiro , Kawsar Sarkar M. A. , Fujii Yuki , Sakagami Masayuki , Matuo Yuhsi , Toda Tosifusa , Katsuno Hiroshi
Published: May 2010

SDS‐PAGE and CBB staining are two of the most popular methods used for protein analysis. Although many reports that describe such staining methods have been published, these conventional protocols require several hours or days for staining and de‐staining. In this study we describe a recently developed, fast and sensitive CBB staining method that utilizes the staining solution of RAMA that consists of the low‐cost reagents: CBB R250, acetic acid, methanol and ammonium sulfate, and the destaining solution of water. Our method dose dependently detects 12 nanograms protein within 60 min and with a wide protein spectrum. Although the features of the dose‐dependent relationship depend upon protein amounts and protein types, for most of the protein samples tested, a linear relationship was observed in the region from 12 to 330 ng. Moreover, through further washing, the detection sensitivity of protein is enhanced and reaches a maximum at 1.4 ng and then gradually decreases in the de‐staining process. It has been shown recently through MS analyses that the sensitive colloidal CBB staining methods frequently result in artifactual methylations due to the strong acid and long contact during staining and the destaining processes. Such artifacts were reported to be reduced by the replacement of strong inorganic acid with acetic acid and because RAMA utilizes acetic acid and is in contact with the proteins for a short time during staining and de‐staining, it is expected that in vitro artifacts will be reduced. Finally, MS analyses of RAMA‐stained protein bands were revealed not to have been methylated.