bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation Mechanical Properties of Weld Zone High Strength AH32 Shipbuilding Steel Joined by Shielded Metal Arc, Gas Metal Arc and Submerged Arc Welding Methods
Authors: Sekban Dursun Murat , Yildiz Haci
Published: December 2024

Ships are built by joining steels of varying strength values using a welding method. While low-medium strength steels are advantageous in terms of low cost and easy supply, high strength steels provide a significant advantage in terms of being preferred in shipbuilding with the high strength values they offer. Examining the welding of steels used in shipbuilding reveals that while several welding techniques are employed, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) are most frequently used. Examination of the literature indicates that the aforementioned welding procedures have been employed relatively little in studies on the joining of high-strength steels used in ship construction. Also, it has been noted that no research has been done on the comparative analysis of the mechanical characteristics of such steels when they are joined using these 3 welding techniques. In this study, SMAW, GMAW, and SAW are used to join AH32 steel, which is often used in shipbuilding, and the mechanical characteristics of the welding areas are compared. Examinations revealed that SAW produced the greatest results in terms of bending force, hardness, strength, and impact toughness. Following GMAW, the best results were also obtained in terms of bending and tensile elongation.
Determination of Soil-to-Apricot Transfer Factors and Radioactivity Levels of Natural Radionuclides
Authors: Kayakökü Halime
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the natural radionuclide concentrations and transfer factors of these radionuclides from soil to fresh apricot in agricultural lands in Malatya and in the fruits of apricot trees planted in these lands. It is also to determine the annual effective ingestion dose (AEingest) and the cancer risk (LCR) that may occur as a result of the consumption of apricots. In study, the mean concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides in soil samples were calculated as 17.9±0.5 Bq/kg, 14.1±0.4 Bq/kg and 445.2±8.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The activity values of 226Ra and 232Th calculated for soil samples were found below limit values, while the values calculated for 40K were found above the limit values except for T-2, T-4 and T-10. Transfer factors calculated for 226Ra radionuclide transfer from soil to apricot samples in agricultural lands were between 0.44±0.01 and 0.78±0.06, transfer factors calculated for 232Th radionuclide transfer were between 0.36±0.02 and 0.79±0.06 and transfer factors calculated for 40K radionuclide transfer were between 0.24±0.02 and 0.70±0.08. All TF values were found to be less than 1. In the study, it was observed that the results and averages obtained as a result of AEingest and LCR calculations were below the permissible limit values.
Konuşma Duygu Tanıma Uygulamalarında Hiper Parametre Optimizasyonu ile Derin Öğrenme Metotlarının Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Parlak Cevahir
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada derin öğrenme uygulamalarında oldukça yeni ve önemli bir aşama olan hiper parametre ayarlama metotlarının bir karşılaştırılması verilecektir. Veriseti olarak yeni duygu verisetlerinden NEMO duygusal konuşma veriseti kullanılacak olup, KerasTuner ile CNN, LSTM ve DNN modelleri Rassal arama, Hiperkomite ve Bayesçi optimizasyon metotları kullanılarak karşılaştırılacaktır. Genel olarak makine öğrenmesi ve özellikle de derin öğrenme uygulamalarında başarılı bir model üretebilmek zaman ve hesaplama gücü açısından oldukça pahalı ve zorlu bir işlem olarak araştırmacıların karşısına çıkmaktadır. Hiper parametre optimizasyonunun genel olarak iki temel aşamadan oluştuğu kabul edilebilir. Birinci aşamada öncelikle değişkenlik gösteren parametrelerin alabilecekleri değerlere dayalı bir arama uzayı belirlenir. Bu parametreler öğrenme katsayısı, nöron sayısı, katman sayısı, aktivasyon fonksiyonu ve benzeri değişkenler olabilir. İkinci aşama ise bu parametreleri kullanarak yapay zekâ modellerini oluşturur ve belirlenen bir başarı kriterine göre test eder. Optimizör bu modelleri çalıştırırken işlemi hızlandırmak için değişik algoritmalar kullanabilir. Hiper parametre optimizasyon uygulamaları bu konuda gün geçtikçe daha iyi çözümler sunmakta ve insan faktörünü kademeli olarak aradan çıkarmaktadırlar. Izgara arama mevcut bütün konfigürasyonları bütün kaynakları sonuna kadar tüketerek çalıştırırken, Rasgele arama ise mevcut kümeden tesadüfi olarak seçilen belli konfigürasyonları dener. Rassal arama her ne kadar bütün olası konfigürasyonları denemese bile genellikle Izgara aramaya yakın sonuçlar üretebilmektedir. Ardışık arama, Asenkron Ardışık arama, Populasyon-Tabanlı Eğitim, Hiperkomite ve Bayesçi yaklaşımlarda diğer hiper parametre optimizasyon metotları arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada NEMO konuşma duygu veriseti 4 duygu ile CNN, LSTM ve DNN derin öğrenme sınıflandırıcılarıyla çalıştırılmış ve KerasTuner’in Rassal Arama, Bayesçi Arama ve Hiperkomite Arama metotlarıyla otomatik üretilen metotların performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Hiper parametre optimizasyon metotlarından Bayesçi Optimizasyon metodunun diğerlerine göre daha iyi ve hızlı sonuçlar ürettiği görülmüştür.
Heating System Modernisation and Carbon Emission Comparison; Vocational School Example
Authors: Demirpolat Süleyman Orkun , Demirpolat Havva , Öden Muhammed Kamil
Published: December 2024

Since Türkiye is a country with an increasing population and a growing economy, its need for energy is also increasing. To ensure the continuity of sustainable development by eliminating problems such as deterioration of ecological balance, destruction of the environment, increase in unbalanced urbanization, increasing urbanization rate, strengthening of the service and industrial sectors, decrease in resources, increase in prices, deterioration in budget and current account balance and foreign dependency resulting from this increase, energy saving, and energy efficiency have become mandatory in Türkiye and around the world. This research is the development research of the heating system in our Sarayönü Vocational School. Due to the current system cost, maintenance, and repair expenses, there has been a need for a more environmentally friendly and feasible heating system. In addition, the current system's negative impact on personnel needs and sustainable business management negatively affects heating efficiency. Finally, the current system causes disruptions during education due to some environmental problems (fuel oil smell, emission discharge, aesthetic pollution, etc.). In addition to all these negativities, a new heating system was installed with an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. With the data and figures obtained, CO2 Emission (Ton/year) was reduced by 35% with the help of the natural gas heating system.
Yabancı Dilde Okunan Metnin Anlama Durumunun Fonksiyonel Yakın Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi Sinyalleri ve Ardışıl İleri İçsel Mod Fonksiyonu Seçme Yaklaşımı ile Otomatik Belirlenmesi
Authors: Akıncıoğlu Ural , Aydemir Önder , Çil Ahmet , Baydere Muhammed
Published: December 2024

Günümüzde, insanların bir yabancı dili hangi seviyede bildikleri daha çok sınavlarla tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise katılımcıların yabancı dil olarak İngilizce dilinde bir metni okurken fonksiyonel yakın kızılötesi spektroskopisi (fYKS) ile kaydedilen nöral aktivite sinyalleri kullanılarak ilgili metni anlayıp anlamadıkları otomatik olarak tespit edilmiştir. Önerilen metotta, ön işleme olarak doğrusal interpolasyon ve uyarlanabilir gürültüyle geliştirilmiş tamamlayıcı topluluk mod ayrıştırması (ICEEMDAN) sinyallere uygulanmıştır. ICEEMDAN ile sinyallerin içsel mod fonksiyon (IMF) bileşenleri türetilmiştir. Öznitelik çıkarma aşamasında ise sembolik toplam yaklaşım metodu ve basıklık, çarpıklık, standart sapma istatistiksel öznitelik kombinasyonu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen öznitelikler, k-en yakın komşuluk (k-NN) sınıflandırıcısı ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Sınıflandırma sonucunda eğitim veri setinde ardışıl ileri IMF seçme yaklaşımı ile en uygun IMF kombinasyonu belirlenmiştir. Önerilen ardışıl ileri IMF seçim metodu esaslı yaklaşım 16 sağlıklı katılımcı üzerinde uygulanmış ve k-NN sınıflandırıcısı ile test verilerinde %85,37 sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, İngilizce metnin tümünün anlaşılma durumunun en etkin IMF kombinasyonu belirlenen beyin sinyalleri aracılığıyla yüksek doğrulukla anladı/anlamadı olarak sınıflandırılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Arazi ve Arsa Düzenlemesi Uygulamalarında Kamulaştırmaya İlişkin Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: Uzun Bayram , Yıldırım Volkan , Terzi Fatih , Atasoy Bura Adem , Uzun Semih
Published: December 2024

Arazi ve Arsa Düzenlemesi (AAD) uygulamaları içinde gerçekleştirilen kamulaştırma işlemleri, 3194 sayılı İmar Kanunu ile Arazi ve Arsa Düzenlemeleri Hakkında Yönetmelik hükümleri doğrultusunda hayata geçirilmektedir. Danıştay Altıncı Dairesi ve Danıştay İdari Dava Daireleri Kurulu tarafından verilen yürütmeyi durdurma kararları, AAD uygulamalarına ilişkin birçok soru işaretini beraberinde getirmiştir. Cevabı aranan sorulardan bir tanesi de AAD uygulamaları kapsamında yapılacak kamulaştırma işlemlerine ilişkindir. Yürütmeyi durdurma kararları sonrasında kesinti oranı yüzde kırk beş üzerinde hesaplanan düzenleme sahalarında uygulama yapılması mümkün değildir. Mevcut durum özelinde öncelikli olarak mevzuat tarafından çözüm bulunamayan sorunların tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Belirlenen sorunların çözümü için yeni çözüm önerilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında meri mevzuatın kamulaştırma mantığına ilişkin sorunlar tespit edilmiştir. AAD içindeki kamulaştırma sürecine ilişkin olası seçenekler sunulmuştur.
Determination of Heavy Metal Transfer from Soil to Beta vulgaris L. (Sugar Beet) and Evaluation of Human Health Risks
Authors: Bülbül Hayrunisa , Leblebici Zeliha
Published: December 2024

Heavy metals pass from the soil to plants and negatively affect the development of plants such as sugar beet.In our study aimed to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals on sugar beet plants grown in Kayseri. Six different locations were selected: Kesik, Dağılgan, Hacılımezarlığı, Kıraç Tepe, Hacıbektaş and the control area (Kilcan). Leaf, beet, root and soil samples were taken from Beta vulgaris plant. Heavy metal contents were analyzed using ICP-MS device. In terms of sugar beet consumption in Kayseri province, determining heavy metal accumulation and health risks will be very important in terms of these metals. Heavy metal concentration levels in sugar beet samples collected from the region are as follows; copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > chromium (Cr) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb) > cadmium (Cd). When As, Cd and Cr elements are compared with the limit values determined by WHO/FAO, it is seen that they are within the permissible limits.Cu (3.25 μg g−1), Ni (2.49 μg g−1) and Pb (0.26 μg g−1) indicate the potential for negative contributions to health through sugar beet consumption. The study reveals health concerns in terms of heavy metal contents of Cu, Ni and Pb elements evaluated in sugar beet samples grown in Yeşilhisar, Kayseri province.
The Structural and Optical Properties of Polycrystalline Copper Oxide Thin Films Synthesized Using the SILAR Technique
Authors: Göde Fatma , Çelik Ali
Published: December 2024

In this study, polycrystalline copper oxide (CuO) thin films with the presence of various pH levels were fabricated using the successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The impact of pH on the structural and optical properties of the produced films was examined. The present films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy measurements. The XRD result showed that all films had a polycrystalline nature with a monoclinic CuO crystal phase. Direct optical band gap energies of the films, determined using the Tauc equation, ranged from 1.49 eV to 2.89 eV. The optical parameters such as refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), real (ε_1), and imaginary (ε_2) parts of the dielectric constant were derived from the absorbance and transmittance spectra of the produced films. CuO thin film n values ranged from 3.10 to 11.14, while k values varied from 0.79 to 1.70. Likewise, the values of ε_1 and ε_2 for CuO thin films ranged from 8.96 to 121.15 and 4.89 to 37.90, respectively.
Application of a Modified Joint Unscented Kalman Filter for Parameter Estimation of a Class of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Onat Altan
Published: December 2024

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a tool for state and parameter estimation in nonlinear dynamical systems. There are two primary approaches for utilizing UKF in parameter and state estimation. The first approach is known as joint filtering, where both states and parameters are estimated concurrently. The second approach, dual filtering, involves the use of two separate filters to estimate states and parameters independently. Recently, a modified joint Unscented Kalman Filter (MJUKF) has been introduced by the author. This modified approach is applicable to a class of nonlinear systems and offers two significant advantages which are improved estimation accuracy and reduced computational complexity. This study investigates the application of the MJUKF for parameter estimation in two selected mechanical systems. The results demonstrate that the modified filter effectively estimates parameters in mechanical systems revealing its advantages over the standard joint unscented Kalman filtering method in terms of both accuracy and computational complexity.
Investasi Infrastruktur Sumatera Barat dari Kontribusi Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Bagi Hasil
Authors: Dona Elva
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the contribution of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) and Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH) to infrastructure investment in regencies/cities in West Sumatra Province. Using panel data this study explores the relationship between regional fiscal variables and the allocation of capital expenditures for infrastructure development. The analytical methods employed include panel data regression with fixed effects and random effects to ensure the accuracy of the results.The findings show that PAD has a significant positive contribution to infrastructure investment, reflecting the local government's ability to optimize local revenue sources for development. Meanwhile, DBH also shows a positive impact, albeit with lower significance compared to PAD. These findings indicate that while fiscal transfers from the central government are important, strengthening the local revenue base plays a more dominant role in driving infrastructure investment.The study suggests the importance of managing and enhancing PAD as a key strategy in supporting regional infrastructure development. Additionally, it highlights the need for policies that promote efficiency and transparency in the use of DBH to yield a more significant impact on infrastructure development in West Sumatra.
Management of a Late and Complex Leak after Sleeve Gastrectomy along with Endoluminal Stent Complications: Lessons Learned
Authors: AlOtaibi Wadha
Published: December 2024

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. The most serious complication is gastric leakage. We present a case of morbidly obese patient with multiple comorbidities who was complicated by late gastric leak due to persistent smoking and use of steroids for the treatment of bronchial asthma exacerbations. Due to the large leak size, he was managed initially by external drainage and endoluminal mega stent that was unfortunately complicated by esophageal perforation. Surgical closure of the esophageal perforation was successful to control sepsis from acute mediastinitis; however, it was reopened few days later but controlled externally with the chest tube. A conservative management approach was advised by a multidisciplinary committee conference, which was followed for many months without evidence of leaks closure. Subsequently, the gastric leak and esophageal perforation were successfully managed by the interventional radiology using internal drainage and septal occluder plug for the gastric leak and esophageal perforation respectively.
Hepatothorax: a rare entity in blunt trauma
Authors: Derdiyok Onur
Published: December 2024

Post-traumatic right -sided diaphragmatic hernia occurring after diaphragmatic rupture is a very rare condition because the right diaphragm is protected by the liver. However, its incidence increases after severe trauma on the right side. Liver herniation through ruptured diaphragm is one of the causes of severe atelectasis in the right lung which may cause respiratory distress and hemodynamic impairment. Diaphragmatic rupture is an emergency. Herein, we present a 56-year-old male patient with right-sided diaphragmatic rupture and hepatothorax developed three years after a traffic accident happened three years.
The Role of Second Messengers in the Functioning of the Cell
Authors: Bon E. I.
Published: December 2024

Secondary intermediaries, or secondary messengers, are intracellular signaling molecules released in response to stimulation of receptors. They are the initiating elements in many intracellular signaling cascades and cause the activation of primary effector messenger proteins. This triggers a cascade of physiological changes that are important for the growth, development, differentiation of cells, gene transcription, protein biosynthesis, secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters or cytokines, changes in bioelectric activity and cell migration, and apoptosis induction. Several universal secondary signaling systems exist in the cell, which are mediated by the main three types of mediators: hydrophobic molecules: water-insoluble molecules (diacylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol) that bind to cell membranes and diffuse across intermembrane spaces to organelle membranes, reaching and acting with membrane-bound secondary effector proteins; hydrophilic molecules: water-soluble molecules (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), inositol triphosphate, calcium), which are distributed in the aqueous medium of the cytoplasm; gases: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which pass through the cell membrane and diffuse into the cytoplasm.

The purpose of this review is to generalize and systematize literature data on the mechanisms for the implementation of the functions of secondary messengers in the intercellular signaling system. The study of their functioning and regulation can serve as a fundamental basis for the study of normal brain and experimental pathology, creating the basis for subsequent clinical studies.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: I. Voogd Ana
Published: December 2024

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. We report the case of a female patient hospitalized for acute kidney failure associated with hypercalcemia, parathyroid hormone levels 8 times above the normal value, and a nodular mass behind the thyroid gland on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the parathyroid glands and the right thyroid lobe.
Spontaneous Cervical Hematoma Revealing a Parathyroid Adenoma: A Case Report
Authors: El Azzouzi Rajaa
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Neck hematoma is a rare but potentially lifethreatening medical condition.
Although spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma with extracapsular hemorrhage is rare, it may cause cervical and mediastinal hematoma, leading to potentially fatal consequences, it should be considered when a non-traumatic sudden neck swelling coexists with hypercalcemia.

Case’s presentation:
This report describes an atypical spontaneous rupture of an asymptomatic parathyroid adenoma in a 42-year-old woman who presented to the emergency room after the acute installation of an unpainful voluminous swelling in the right side of her neck, after eliminating a vascular emergency. Hemodynamically stable, the patient was treated conservatively with a period of observation in hospital, 1 month follow-up imaging with CT confirmed a regression of the half volume of the hemorrhagic lesion and the likely source of hemorrhage as a parathyroid nodule with significant vascularity. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological analysis after elective surgical exploration of the neck 3 months of a benign parathyroid adenoma. The patient made a full recovery with immediate normalization of her biochemistry post-operatively.

Discussion:
Spontaneous rupture of a cervical parathyroid adenoma with extracapsular hemorrhage should be considered when a non-traumatic sudden neck swelling coexists with hypercalcemia. The most appropriate treatment, in the absence of dyspnea or dysphagia, we believe that it is preferable to intervene surgically in a delayed manner.

Conclusion:
A high suspicion index is needed, particularly in post-menopausal women, to reach a diagnosis and allow optimal management. Since bleeding may recur, we suggest an independent indication for definitive parathyroidectomy surgery.
Kidney Cancer with Concomitant/Competing Surgical Diseases: Multidisciplinary Approach to Examination and Treatment
Authors: Yulia Aleksandrovna Stepanova
Published: December 2024

Purpose: to develop a program of complex instrumental diagnostics based on the data of kidney cancer patients with concomitant/competing surgical diseases accumulated at A.V. Vishnevsky NMRC of Surgery, evaluate and analyze the results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of these patients.

Materials and methods: Results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 26 kidney cancer patients with concomitant/competing surgical diseases (males - 84.6%, average age 61.1 years (38-82 years).

Results: A possible combination of surgical pathologies made it necessary to develop a comprehensive program for examining patients, aimed at identifying all possible pathological changes in human organs/systems. This program is possible and works effectively only in a multidisciplinary hospital.

Identified concomitant/competing surgical pathologies can be divided into three groups:

Group I - cardiovascular diseases (14 (53.8%): critical stenosis of the coronary arteries (10); aortic aneurysm (1); external iliac artery and vein arteriovenous fistulas (1); cardiac arrhythmias (2) (the total number of patients is higher, because of one patient had coronary artery stenosis in combination with arrhythmia).

Group II - malignant tumors of other localization (9 (34.6%): lung cancer (1); esophageal cancer (1); stomach cancer (3); neuroendocrine and hepatocellular liver cancer - 1 case each; colon cancer (1); prostate cancer (1).

Group III - benign surgical diseases (4 (15.4%): choledocholithiasis (1); choledochal stricture (1); inguinal hernia (1); spleen hemangioma (1).

The total number of patients in all three groups is larger because one patient had synchronous kidney and stomach cancer and coronary artery stenosis.

Further, a personal consultation was held for each patient with the definition of treatment tactics: surgical correction of pathological changes that had a more significant threat to life (cardiovascular diseases more often) was performed first of all.

Conclusion: The developed system for examining patients who come to the surgical hospital for kidney cancer allows timely identification and elimination of life-threatening pathological conditions and, thus, improving the results of patients with this pathology treatment, which is possible only in a multidisciplinary surgical hospital when working with a multidisciplinary team.
Graph theory in our life
Authors: Jana Prasenjit
Published: December 2024

The life of a person or a living organism depends on the life of other things. There is a linking among all the living bodies with one another. If we draw a graph of the person with other persons and other living organisms attached with him or her then by graph theory we can get the particular view of the life of the person. The weighted graph can show us the existence of the probability of the life of that person.
Successful Treatment of a Relapsed, Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) Patient and Newly Diagnosed Meningeosis Lymphomatosa with CD19 CAR-T Cell Therapy and Intrathecal Chemotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Neubert Sven
Published: December 2024

CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR)-T cell therapy can achieve similar response rates in Secondary central nervous system lymphoma (SCNSL) as in patients without central nervous system (CNS) involvement. However, the therapeutic success differs significantly when a distinction is made between parenchymal and meningeal involvement.

A 42-year-old female patient with r/r DLBCL was treated with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. The patient was diagnosed with meningeosis lymphomatosa six days after the administration of the CAR-T cells. The lumbar puncture was performed because of severe therapy refractory headaches. We additionally administered intrathecal chemotherapy after reaching a Partial Remission (PR) with CAR T cells with Methotrexate, Cytarabine and Dexamethasone. At the time of the report the patient has been in Complete Remission (CR) in the CNS and regarding the peripheral DLBCL manifestations for two months.

To the authors' knowledge, this patient's case is the first case in which intrathecal chemotherapy was used in addition to CAR-T cells to treat clinically progressive meningeosis first diagnosed under CAR-T cell therapy. The follow-up progress so far appears promising, but the long-term course remains to be seen.
Advances in Therapies against Malignant Cells
Authors: Schardt F. W.
Published: December 2024

Malignant cells have an uncontrolled growth which follows the activation of oncogenes and deactivation of tumor suppressor genes. All cancer cells produce factors for the clotting system. Malignant cells build up a protective scaffold in form of fibrin meshwork surrounding the tumor cells and produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of proteoglycans, collagens, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. They are connected by a countless number of covalent bonds and form an impenetrable scaffold. In addition, malignant cells provide with intracellular signaling pathways like MAPK, FAK, and LOX cell adhesion and migration promoted and supported by hypoxia. Simultaneously, they produce stem cells in an
early cancer stadium, which gain the energy and oxygen for their metabolism from the anaerobic glycolysis and are therefore independent of arterial supply. Encephalin production activates mainly at the beginning a pain modulating system. Many publications show that heparins have a wide variety of efficiencies to tumor metabolism because they have the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecules. Therefore, they should be exogenously added in high dosages. Multiple studies have also shown that heparins combined with clopidogrel and aspirin are able to reduce cancer incidence. Opioids such as D, L methadone induce cell death in malignant cells by downregulation of cAMP and can together with chemotherapy, radiation and biologica destroy tumors and metastasis.
Two Edges of Immune Dysregulation: Adult Onset Still’s Disease in a Patient with a History of Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Torun Ege Sinan
Published: December 2024

We describe a very unique case of emergence AOSD in a patient with a history of KS. A 52-years old woman presented with fever, arthralgia, sore throat and skin rash that started 1 year ago. Patient’s medical history was noteworthy because 1.5 years ago she was diagnosed with Kaposi’s sarcoma where she presented with a low extremity rash and swollen lymph nodes. Lymph node biopsy demonstrated HHV-8 positivity and atypical vascular proliferation and atypical endothelial cells that were interpreted as Kaposi sarcoma. She receieved paclitaxel chemotherapy and with this treatment Kaposi sarcoma was in remission. Current physical examination revealed a fever of 38.5⁰ C, salmon colored rash in anterior chest wall, pharyngeal erythema, cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy and polyarthralgia in wrists, ankles and small joints of hand and feet. Laboratory examinations revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia, a very high ferritin level (16815 mcg/l) and elevated acute phase reactants. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody were negative. Infections and mlaignancies were ruled out and patient was diagnosed with adult onset Still’s disease. Patient responded dramatically to the combination treatment of 2*16 mg methylprednisolone and 15 mg/week oral methotrexate. Clinical symptoms improved dramatically, acute phase reaactants and ferritin normalized and hemoglobin increased. As soon as the symptoms were controlled, methylprednisolone tapering was initiated and it was eventually stopped. Patients continues to receive methotrexate. She is under follow up for 27 months with both her Kaposi sarcoma and adult onset Still’s disease in remission. To our knowledge, this is the first case of AOSD that developed in a patient with KS history. The patient whose immune system initially succumbed to opportunistic pathogen HHV-8 and suffered from KS received chemotherapy. Once KS was in remission, a different form of immune dysregulation- this time immune system hyperactivation, with a predominant innate immune system activation occurred and she suffered form AOSD.
Otredad del fútbol. Planteamiento antropológico de una controversia
Authors: Zurita Márquez Evelina
Published: December 2024

Introducción: El fútbol es una realidad compleja y contradictoria que permite múltiples análisis e interpretaciones, siendo un foco para comprender comportamientos y lógicas sociales más allá del deporte mismo. Metodología: Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, empleando técnicas de investigación como la observación y la entrevista. El objetivo no es emitir juicios de valor, sino interpretar las lógicas subyacentes a los discursos y hechos observados. Resultados: El estudio se centra en el 'mandato de masculinidad' y el concepto de otredad’, basados en el pensamiento de la antropóloga Rita Segato. A través de estos ejes, se realiza un análisis antropológico de las relaciones estructurales que se manifiestan en el fútbol. Discusión: Se concluye que el fútbol, a través de sus estructuras y relaciones corporativas, reproduce y legitima formas de lealtad, jerarquización y competitividad propias de dispositivos patriarcales. La presencia de mujeres en el fútbol no es suficiente para transformar estas estructuras. Conclusiones: Aunque el fútbol refleja y refuerza fuerzas patriarcales, también presenta espacios donde estas fuerzas pueden ser desestabilizadas, ofreciendo potencial para cambios significativos en las dinámicas sociales.
Digital Trade, Economic Growth and Employment Opportunities: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: -- Noorulain , Shah Mukamil , Amjid Afaq
Published: December 2024

Digital trade is transforming the global economy, and understanding its impact is crucial. This research explores the impact of the rise of the digital market and its effects on Pakistan's GDP and employment. This study shows the potential economic and social benefits, the opportunity to contribute to academic knowledge, and the formulation of effective policies to leverage digital trade for development. Quantitative data analysis on e-commerce revenue, Unemployment rate, GDPpc, Net exports, and Net FDI from 2000 to 2023 has highlighted the potential forecasted revenue from e-commerce and become the largest supplier of goods. The literature and information were mostly obtained from research articles and reports published online like Science Direct, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc. Thus, since the e-commerce revenue has such a strongly positive correlation with the GDP per capita in Pakistan. However, with the right strategies, it has the potential to generate high revenues.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis among Patients with Abortion History at Selected Hospitals of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Authors: Ahsan Tuba , Saqib Muhammad , Hassan Ali , Ghafoor Muzaffar , Mansoor Muhammad Khalid
Published: December 2024

Pregnant women may experience spontaneous abortions due to Brucella species, often transmitted through raw milk, animal contact, or infected partners. This study investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women with a history of abortion in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Conducted in three hospitals, 151 serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal Agglutination Test, with confirmation via ELISA. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics revealed two positive cases (1.3%; 95% CI). Significant associations with abortion included age, pregnancy stage, trimester, livestock contact, raw milk consumption, male occupation, residence, and socioeconomic status (all p < 0.05). Findings highlight the importance of brucellosis screening in pregnant women with a history of miscarriages or exposure to animals. Public health measures, including household control strategies, education campaigns, and industry-wide eradication efforts, are recommended to mitigate human brucellosis.
Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections in Blood Donors: Insights from Public and Private Blood Centers in Jaranwala
Authors: Sarwar Asma , Saqib Muhammad , Taqveem Ahsen , Khurshid Mohsin , Mansoor Muhammad Khalid
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to explore how common transfusion-transmitted illnesses are in Jaranwala, Punjab, Pakistan among the donors. TTIs have proven to be one of the greatest threats to blood transfusion safety, and hence better donor-screening procedures necessitate understanding its prevalence.The present study was a cross-sectional study involving 491 voluntary blood donors from both urban and rural sectors. ICT-based testing for HIV, syphilis, malaria, HBsAg, and anti-HCV was performed for all donors. Confirmatory testing was done by an ELISA-based test.Hepatitis C was the most common cause of infection at 46, followed by syphilis at 5, malaria at 4, and Hepatitis B at 33. No cases of HIV were reported. Hepatitis C was more common among rural donors while Hepatitis B was more common among urban donors. The study points to the need for better screening and selection of donors and recommends additional research in underdeveloped areas.
Cost-minimizing thresholds and recurrence rates in surgical evacuation with adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization versus evacuation alone
Authors: Findlay Matthew C. , Holdaway Matthew , Gautam Diwas , Bauer Sawyer Z. , Gandhoke Gurpreet , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Cost-minimization approaches for the treatment of patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) are important given the increasing incidence of this pathology, particularly among elderly patients receiving antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications. The use of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) as an adjunct to surgical evacuation has shown promise in reducing surgical recurrence; however, additional costs are involved with this procedure. Using their institutional experience, the authors identified thresholds for cost and the cSDH surgical recurrence rate that could influence treatment decisions in patients requiring surgical evacuation for cSDH.

METHODS

All patients who underwent cSDH evacuation surgery (ES) with concomitant MMAE or ES alone from January 2019 through August 2023 were identified. The authors collected hospital-related costs for the initial admission and any subsequent admissions to address surgical recurrence (rescue surgery [RS]) and conducted cost-minimization analyses. Base-case scenario calculations were supplemented with 1- and 2-way sensitivity analyses to study cost-minimizing variables.

RESULTS

Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and presenting symptoms did not significantly differ between patients who received ES/MMAE (n = 44) and those who received ES (n = 100). ES/MMAE procedures required a mean ± SD 79.3 ± 34.8 minutes whereas ES alone required 54.3 ± 25.9 minutes (p < 0.01), and patients who underwent ES/MMAE had a greater immediate postoperative hemorrhage volume reduction (−62.5% ± 22.1% vs −54.3% ± 21.3%, p = 0.04). No differences in the rates of 30-day complications, readmissions, or mortality were observed (all p > 0.05), but the ES/MMAE cohort had no reoperations after initial surgery whereas 14% in the ES-alone cohort required RS (p < 0.01). The base-case calculations indicated that ES alone minimizes costs more than ES/MMAE when there is no RS. Two-way sensitivity analyses revealed that, given a 14% probability of RS for the ES-alone group and 0% for the ES/MMAE cohort, ES/MMAE becomes cost-minimizing when the costs for ES/MMAE are kept below $21,000. With these same failure rates and cost of ES/MMAE, if ES costs exceed $32,000, ES/MMAE becomes cost-minimizing.

CONCLUSIONS

Although ES/MMAE is more efficacious for the prevention of surgical recurrence in patients requiring surgical evacuation of cSDH than ES alone, ES alone remains the cost-minimizing option. However, in select situations, as with a low RS rate and low cost for ES/MMAE or a high RS rate and high cost for ES alone, then ES/MMAE also becomes the cost-minimizing option. These thresholds can be used in combination with institutional costs and RS rates to help guide clinical and economic decision-making.
A proposed new classification system of hypothalamic hamartomas in the era of stereotactic ablation surgery
Authors: Shirozu Hiroshi , Masuda Hiroshi , Kameyama Shigeki
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Since the recent development of stereotactic ablation surgery, which can provide good seizure outcomes without limitations in size or location, conventional classification systems have become unsuitable for surgical guidance. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of a newly proposed classification system focusing on the attachment pattern.

METHODS

This retrospective study investigated 218 patients with hypothalamic hamartomas who underwent MRI-guided stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation and were followed for at least 1 year after their last surgery. Hypothalamic hamartomas were classified by their attachments into six subtypes: parahypothalamic-unilateral (PU), parahypothalamic-bilateral (PB), intrahypothalamic-unilateral (IU), intrahypothalamic-bilateral (IB), mixed-unilateral (MU), and mixed-bilateral (MB) types. Clinical features, surgical factors, scales of surgical procedures including numbers of trajectories and coagulations, requirement for a trans–third ventricular approach, reoperation rates, and complication rates were investigated. Seizure outcomes were evaluated separately for gelastic seizures (GSs) and non-GSs.

RESULTS

In 218 patients (131 [60.1%] males, median age at surgery 7.2 [range 1.8–51] years), the hypothalamic hamartomas were classified as PU type in 10 (4.6%), PB type in 11 (5.0%), IU type in 41 (18.8%), IB type in 17 (7.8%), MU type in 40 (18.3%), and MB type in 99 (45.4%) patients. Patients with MB type were significantly younger at GS onset (p < 0.001) and surgery (p = 0.005). The numbers of trajectories and coagulations were significantly greater in MB type (p < 0.001) and the trans–third ventricular approach was more often required in the PB type (5/6, 83.3%, p < 0.001). Seizure outcomes were not different among subtypes. The rate of transient complications was not different among subtypes, but hyperthermia (p = 0.002) and hyponatremia (p < 0.001) were more frequently found in patients with PB and MB types. Prolonged or persistent neurological complications were also not different and were only found in bilateral subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS

The new classification predicts clinical features, as well as surgical complexity and complications. Although seizure outcomes were not different among subtypes because the authors’ surgical strategy is consistently based on complete disconnection at the border, the new classification could improve seizure outcomes and would be helpful in the appropriate guidance for surgery of hypothalamic hamartomas to provide consistently good outcomes regardless of surgical procedures.
Microsurgical obliteration of craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistulas via a suboccipital median approach: a retrospective study
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Qian Dongliang , Leng Bing
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

The authors report on a broad range of microsurgical procedures in which the suboccipital median technique was used to treat craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas. Their aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the suboccipital posteromedian approach and to assess the associated clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The authors extracted information on the fistula site, clinical manifestation, and structural characteristics of arterial and venous vessels by retrospectively evaluating cases from a neurointerventional database spanning 10 years.

RESULTS

In this study, 52 patients (median age 62 years; 23.1% female) were examined, with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)/intracranial hemorrhage (61.6%) and myelopathy (34.6%) as prevalent presentations. Forty craniotomies (76.9%) were performed using the suboccipital median approach. Six craniotomies (11.5%) were performed using the far-lateral approach. Five patients (9.6%) underwent embolization, resulting in a residual lesion in 1. The C1 radicular artery served as the main feeding artery (78.9%). During the operation, the fistulas were mainly located near the C1 dural nerve root sleeve (ventrolateral and dorsolateral to the spinal cord). After the lesion was located, the dentate ligament was severed. Patients with SAH demonstrated a more favorable prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2, 93.8%) compared to those without SAH (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2, 70%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

The suboccipital posteromedian approach is suitable for resections of nearly all craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistulas. The prognosis of the patients with SAH was better than that of the patients without it.
Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: The SCORE2 Asia-Pacific Model
Authors:   SCORE2 Asia-Pacific writing group, Hageman Steven H. J. , Huang Zijuan , Lee Hokyou , Kaptoge Stephen , Dorresteijn Jannick A. N. , Pennells Lisa , Angelantonio Emanuele Di , Visseren Frank L. J. , Kim Hyeon Chang , Johar Sofian ,   on behalf of the SCORE2 Asia-Pacific collaborators,   European Society of Cardiology and European Association of Preventive Cardiology: Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (ESC CRC),   ASEAN Federation of Cardiology (AFC),   Asian-Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC)
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
To improve upon the estimation of 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) event risk for individuals without prior CVD or diabetes mellitus in the Asia-Pacific region by systematic recalibration of the SCORE2 risk algorithm.

METHODS
The sex-specific and competing risk-adjusted SCORE2 algorithms were systematically recalibrated to reflect CVD incidence observed in four Asia-Pacific risk regions, defined according to country-level World Health Organization age- and sex-standardized CVD mortality rates. Using the same approach as applied for the original SCORE2 models, recalibration to each risk region was completed using expected CVD incidence and risk factor distributions from each region.

RESULTS
Risk region-specific CVD incidence was estimated using CVD mortality and incidence data on 8 405 574 individuals (556 421 CVD events). For external validation, data from 9 560 266 individuals without previous CVD or diabetes were analysed in 13 prospective studies from 12 countries (350 550 incident CVD events). The pooled C-index of the SCORE2 Asia-Pacific algorithms in the external validation datasets was .710 [95% confidence interval (CI) .677–.744]. Cohort-specific C-indices ranged from .605 (95% CI .597–.613) to .840 (95% CI .771–.909). Estimated CVD risk varied several-fold across Asia-Pacific risk regions. For example, the estimated 10-year CVD risk for a 50-year-old non-smoker, with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, total cholesterol of 5.5 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 1.3 mmol/L, ranged from 7% for men in low-risk countries to 14% for men in very-high-risk countries, and from 3% for women in low-risk countries to 13% for women in very-high-risk countries.

CONCLUSIONS
The SCORE2 Asia-Pacific algorithms have been calibrated to estimate 10-year risk of CVD for apparently healthy people in Asia and Oceania, thereby enhancing the identification of individuals at higher risk of developing CVD across the Asia-Pacific region.
Enhancing Lae-Lae Island sustainability: computer vision based waste detection and analysis
Authors: Nasir Arnold , Syariati Kasmir , Suardi Citra , Sundoro David , Lordianto Reinaldo Lewis
Published: December 2024

In our study, "Enhancing Lae-Lae Island Sustainability: Computer Vision-Based Waste Detection and Analysis," we investigate novel approaches to address plastic pollution challenges in coastal ecosystems, focusing on Lae-Lae Island. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we uncover valuable insights for effective waste management and environmental conservation. Spatial analysis identifies concentrated plastic pollution hotspots, offering actionable data for targeted cleanup strategies. Temporal trend analysis reveals waste accumulation patterns, facilitating adaptive waste management decisions. Furthermore, we examine the impact of environmental factors on waste density, aiding in proactive pollution mitigation. Central to our research is the evaluation of computer vision technology, which demonstrates high precision, recall, and an F1-score of approximately 87.8%. These results signify the technology's potential to revolutionize waste detection and monitoring, enabling efficient resource allocation, real-time surveillance, and rapid pollution response. In conclusion, our study provides a data-driven framework for sustainable plastic waste management on Lae-Lae Island, offering insights applicable to coastal regions worldwide. By embracing technology and innovation, we pave the way for cleaner, more resilient coastal ecosystems, underscoring the importance of proactive environmental stewardship.
Data mining for forecasting community mobility denpasar city with long short-term memory method
Authors: Setiawan I Wayan Agus Hery , Triandini Evi , Suniantara I Ketut Putu , Kuswanto Djoko
Published: December 2024

Denpasar City has a high potential for community mobility, this is supported by many public facilities. High and highly volatile human mobility causes the transmission of the COVID-19 virus to spread very quickly, so forecasting is needed to find out a picture of future community mobility using data mining techniques. Data mining is the process of solving problems by analyzing data that already exists in the database. Denpasar City community mobility data for the period September 1, 2021 – October 31, 2021 show that most of the high mobility is in the junior high school sector. The Long Short-Term Memory method was chosen as a method that can assist in forecasting community mobility. Long Short-Term Memory has the advantage of dealing with missing gradient problems and can be used on all types of data patterns, whether trend, cyclical, seasonal, or horizontal patterns. Hyperparameter tests were carried out including LSTM_units representing the number of Long Short-Term Memory units in each layer, Dropout, and Optimizer to obtain the optimal prediction method. this combination yields a total of 45 methods. The best hyperparameter obtained is at LSTM_units of 128, Dropout of 0.1, and Optimizer is Adam. The results obtained with this hyperparameter are the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 971,438687. This method results in forecasting the mobility of the people of Denpasar City from November 1, 2021 to November 7, 2021, reaching 9.550 total checkins which is close to the actual value of 10.219