bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF HAKOB PARONYAN’S SERIES OF NOVELETTES “HARMS OF POLITENESS”
Authors: SHARURYAN HAYKANUSH
Published: June 2024

Some of the masterpieces of the brilliant satirist Hakob Paronyan (1843-1891) have long been translated into different languages and made his name known in many countries. Words of high praise about him were heard even from far away continent, which is extremely important for the great culture of a small nation. Thus, for instance, while speaking about the power and influence of the Armenian writer’s humor and satire, in the preface of "Uncle Balthazar" published in English in Boston, the American artist Albert Lang noted: "Hakob Paronyan's humor and satire belong to all countries and peoples". The same response was heard from Europe. "Hakob Paronyan's satire is extremely lively," stated Frederic Faydi: "his characters, naturally bearing the breath of time and place, are at the same time universal". The greatest works of art are by all me­ans immortal, and genius, as Paronyan rightly observed, recognizes no national and re­ligious boundaries: "A poem that is given birth by a genius is well received in England, no matter how Slavic its author is". And in order to make the name of the genius heard outside the homeland the role of a successful translation is first of all important. So this article is dedicated to the study of the English translation of the series of novelettes “Harms of Politeness” (1886-1887), that comprises the peculiar part of Paronyan's di­verse and multigenre work. It was performed by Jack (Artavazd) Andre­asyan (1920-2009).
Unfortunately, during the comparison of the texts translated from Armenian into English many omissions, textual inconsistencies, even capricious, incorrect and unclear transmissions  are revealed. In short, we have been facing for decades, mildly said, a not very successful translation. Unlike Paronyan's other works- serious translations by Yer­vand Mkrtchyan ("Uncle Balthazar", "Honorable Beggers"), in this case, the English-speaking reader was not provided with the influential power and high quality of the Armenian writer’s  satire  and the sense of high art. By taking into consideration not only the absence of English equivalents of the relevant parts of the original text, but also their simply incomprehensible omissions the author of the article offers her own trans­lations.
MORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL QUESTIONS IN ARSHAK CHOPANYAN’S FICTION
Authors: MURADYAN ARMENUHI
Published: June 2024

The article examines A. Chopanyan’s short fiction. The biographical facts and aesthetic views of the writer played an important role in the work, helping to understand Chopanya’s  works, their peculiarities and  depth.
Arshak Chopanyan is a writer with exceptional talent. He dedicated himself to the homeland,the  people, its history and culture. He is a poet, translator, scientist,critic, public figure. His literary views were greatly influenced by his famous teachers. The « Souls of Boys» Series occupies an important place in his work.He creates a series of portraits and raises moral and psychological questions in each story,examining the fate of the heroes. Many of  his  heroes are despised by  society sometimes they feel guilty and try to atone  for  their sins.
The writer has a lot of interests,but at the center of various topics is  human being.First of  all,he is  attracted by the poor and defensless  people of  the  lower  class,  with their severe mental suffering, gloomy  lifestyle, violated rights,endless  worries  and vain  illusions.
We came to this  conclusion, that  Chopanyan’s prose is characterized by moral and psychological questions,which reflect the secret corners of the soul of human beings, darkness and suffering. The author tries to awaken love, kidness,pity in people attention to the heroes of his story.
Chopanyan’s stories teach the reader to understand the other person’s silence, to  discover  their soul.Chopanyan is a considerate, psychological novelist.
Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of Italian female undergraduate students towards HIV infection and risky sexual behaviour. Do female medical students make good peer educators?
Authors: Coniglio Maria Anna , Pignato Sarina , Sidoti Enza , Tringali Giuseppe , Marranzano Marina , Giammanco Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Background: The main purpose of this study was to identify and describe knowledge, beliefs and attitudestowards HIV infection and risky sexual behaviour in female medical freshmen in order to evaluate thepossibility of female medical student-based peer education.Methods: Researchers surveyed 560 freshmen: 280 medical students and 280 non medical students at twoItalian Universities, collecting the data through anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. Data werecodified and statistical analysis was computed using Statistica and Openstat 4 software.Results: Female medical freshmen showed higher levels of knowledge and risk perception about HIVinfection, and higher levels of self-awareness in preventing infection when compared with non-medicalfreshmen. Moreover, medical student’s had a lower rate of sexual activity and a higher rate of condom usage.Conclusions: Our data leads to the hypothesis that the involvement of female medical students in developingand providing safe sex education may be an important and effective way of better enhancing young people’sknowledge, attitude and behaviour towards the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections
A healthy lesson, Italian-style?
Authors: Ricciardi Walter , Favaretti Carlo , Bellantone Rocco
Published: June 2024

According to the conclusions of the World Health Organisation’s 2000 report Italy had the second best health system in the world [1] with Italians having one of the highest rates of life expectancy... However, since 2001 the 19 Italian Regions and 2 Autonomous Provinces have exercised their autonomy very differently, with Northern regions being more successful in establishing effective structures of health care delivery, management and monitoring, as compared to regions in the South. This regional variation in health care reflects (and exacerbates) differences of contextual, political, economic and cultural, factors as well as differences between regional health systems. A recent survey [2] showed that in 14 of the 21 Regions and Autonomous Provinces, the system is performing fairly well and is well perceived by citizens.
The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration
Authors: Liberati Alessandro , Altman Douglas G. , Tetzlaff Jennifer , Mulrow Cynthia , Gøtzsche Peter C. , Ioannidis John P. A. , Clarke Mike , Devereaux P. J. , Kleijnen Jos , Moher David
Published: June 2024

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safetyof health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however,is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, andother users. Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement—areporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practicaladvances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews ofpublished systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported.Realizing these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologistsdeveloped PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as an evolution ofthe original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health careinterventions. The PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. Thechecklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In thisExplanation and Elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. Foreach item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empiricalstudies and methodological literature. The PRISMA Statement, this document, and the associated Web site(http://www. prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematicreviews and meta-analyses.
Mission Report: The experience of the Local Public Health Service of Reggio Emilia
Authors: Baruzzo Sara , Gazzotti Federica , Nicolini Fausto
Published: June 2024

Background: The Mission Report’s purpose is to give an account to the main institutional stakeholders ( the Region and the Territorial Health and Social Conferences, composed of the mayors of the provincial municipalities, the General Directors of the Local Public Health Services in the provincial territory and are chaired by the Chairman of the Province) of how the Local Public Health Service, through an effective and efficient use of resources, has answered the health needs of the resident population of the province. Other stakeholders include public health service employees of the local community, associations, and partners.
Methods: The Local Public Health Service (L’Azienda USL) of Reggio Emilia has produced annual Mission Reports since 2005. Three editions of the document have therefore been published, reporting results achieved in 2004, 2005 and 2006; the Mission Report for 2007 is currently in the editorial phase. The various sections of the document take the reader from an analysis of the local context in which the Local Public Health Service operates (territory and environment, demographic indices, socio-economic conditions, morbidity and mortality, lifestyle, safety) to the health and social services provided throughout the province. The strategies employed to achieve health outcomes are illustrated following the indications of the Region. The Mission Report opens with an introduction and closes with concluding remarks from the General Director. These remarks include both an assessment of the year’s activity and the main points that will guide future planning.
Discussion: Local Public Health Service of Reggio Emilia sees the Mission Report as a management tool: the analysis of the provincial demographic context and the socio-economic conditions of the population direct the Public Health Service’s choice of which health and social services to provide. In the interest of transparency, particular attention is paid to how topic points are expressed; even the non-expert reader can follow the clear and comprehensible presentation of data.
Conclusions: Our experience has been positive. The document has allowed us to direct our planning through a careful analysis of the health and social needs of the population thanks to an annual monitoring of numerous indicators, which are interpreted throughout the Emilia Romagna Region in the same way. This makes benchmarking with the other provinces possible, in an effort to constantly improve the quality of services provided.
Why genomics will not revolutionise public health
Authors: Schröder Peter
Published: June 2024

The integration of genome-based information into public health is a challenging task. In this context, someemphasise a supposed fundamental difference of genome-based information compared to other healthinformation. This view is contradicted by the author by arguing that genome-based information is determinedby characteristics which also apply to other non-genome-based health information. Rather genome-basedinformation integrates itself into the range of personal health information. Genome-based informationdeserves no “status apart” just because it was gained with the help of molecular diagnostic techniques. Thusthere will be no revolution in public health, rather it can be discussed how genome-based information could beutilised to be part of public health approaches making public health more target-oriented and efficient.
Risk-factors for stress-related absence among health care employees: a bio-psychosocial perspective. Associations between self-rated health, working conditions and biological stress hormones
Authors: Hansson Ann-Sophie , Arnetz Bengt B. , Anderzén Ingrid
Published: June 2024

Background: Stress is a major cause of sickness absence and the health care sector appears to be especiallyat risk. This cross sectional study aimed to identify the risk factors for absence due to self-reported stressamong health care employees. Methods: 225 health care employees were categorized into two groupsbased on presence or not of self-rated sickness absence for stress. Questionnaire data and stress sensitivehormones measurements were used.Results: Employees with stress related sick leave experienced worse health, poorer work satisfaction as wellas worse social and home situations than those employees without stress-related sick leave. No-significantdifferences were identified regarding stress-sensitive hormones. The risk for employees, not satisfied atwork, of becoming absent due to stress was approximately three fold compared to those who reported beingsatisfied (OR 2.8, 95% confidence interval; (CI) 1.3 - 5.9). For those not satisfied with their social situation,the risk for sickness absence appeared to be somewhat higher (OR 3.2; CI 1.2 - 8.6).Individual factors such as recovery potential and meaning of life as well as work related factors such as skilldevelopment and work tempo predicted employee’ s work satisfaction.Conclusions: Based on cross sectional data, work-site and individual factors as well as social situationsappear to increase the risk for absence due to stress among health care employees. Lower recoverypotential, higher work tempo and poor leadership appeared to be related to the high degree of work relatedexhaustion experienced by employees.
Reflections from Turkish Public Health Genomics Task Force
Authors: Serdar Savas Bayram
Published: June 2024

Dear Sirs,
The forth phase of the epidemiological and demographic transition has brought populations to a lower fertility status with extended life expectancy.The diseases of this phase are chronic and complex diseases, which mainly stem from the complex interaction of the human genome with life style factors. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and osteoporosis are among major chronic and complex diseases,which account for approximately 86% of all deaths and 77% of the burden of disease in Europe (Preventing chronic diseases: a vital investment. Geneva,World Health Organization, 2005).
The way we view health and disease from the perspective of chronic and complex diseases, the main determinants of health - including those that are biological and social, is illustrated in Figure 1. The strong interaction of biological and genetic factors with life style factors in the development of chronic and complex diseases has brought us to a new understanding of ‘genetics’, where genetics is not only related to the study of rare hereditary disorders, as understood in ‘conventional’ medical genetics.As science reveals more about the genetic basis of these common diseases, genetics and genomics are increasingly becoming a part of daily practice in various branches of medicine.At this point,new issues and problems arise related to various aspects of this new potential practice; such as the implications for nutrigenetics and pharmacogenetics; the clinical utility and validity of genetic tests; as well as the ethical, legal and social aspects of public health genomics.
 Public Health Genomics European Network (PHGEN), an EU project that runs from January 2006 to December 2008, aims to deal with these issues in the European context.This networking exercise covers all EU Member States, Applicant Countries and EFTA-EEA (European Free Trade Association-European Economic Area) countries.
Improving the quality of health care through practice guidelines: to what extent systematic reviews support health policy?
Authors: Stivanello Elisa , Grilli Roberto
Published: June 2024

Background: The evidence-based medicine movement has extended its influence to other fields. In the areaof quality improvement, the evidence-based approach stimulated the diffusion of practice guidelines as arelevant policy tool. Concurrently guidelines have become the object of a large body of research, includingsystematic reviews.Objective: To explore to what extent systematic reviews on guideline implementation strategies supporthealth policy decisions in this area.Methods: The use of systematic reviews in terms of influencing decisions concerning quality of care will beexamined by focusing, in particular on two dimensions – guidelines as policy tools and guidelines as anobject of research - and finally to what extent these two dimensions match.Results/Discussion: We highlight three aspects of mismatching between research and policy: thecharacteristics of guidelines, the relationship between guideline development and implementation and thetype of research question addressed. These aspects represent conceptual obstacles that further challengethe adoption of an evidence based approach and limit the use of systematic reviews in supporting policydecisions in the area of quality improvement
Switzerland Committed to Innovation. The Swiss Network of Technology Assessment
Authors: Von Bremen Konrade , Züllig Maya , Von Below Georg , Gurtner Felix , Künzli Christoph , Bellucci Sergio , Koch Pedro
Published: June 2024

Switzerland showed its commitment to innovation in health care since the early 80th, implementing agenciesand government units with the mission to promote and to appropriately govern innovation. The SwissNetwork of Technology Assessment (SNHTA) was founded in 1998. The aim is the promotion andimplementation of Health Technology Assessment projects in Switzerland by providing a neutral forum forthe identification and the pursuit of common interests. This includes the coordination, exchange anddissemination of experiences of HTA projects and the implementation of the results. The collaboration ininternational projects is a priority. Ultimately SNHTA has the goal to improve efficacy, cost effectiveness andsocial accountability. An inventory survey amongst the members confirmed a high level of diversespecialised competencies, mainly employed within the institution. Only 20% of the HTA specificcompetencies are used for external activities. The need for integration of all partners in the field ofinnovation in a network has been recognised by the Swiss government. This lead to the creation of awebplatform in which all players involved in the business of medical technologies are involved. This platform(swiss medtech), includes patients, insurers, industry, universities and professional organisations. Thejoined activities include agreements on intellectual property and the integrated patient care chain.New ways to connect players in innovation are needed to face the challenge of increasing costs anddiminishing resources.
A cross-sectional survey on benzodiazepine use among older people in an Italian region
Authors: Donato Francesco , Samani Fabio , Marini Monica , Mazzaglia Giampiero , Leggieri Giuseppe , Balestrieri Matteo
Published: June 2024

Background. Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in Italy and they are oftenused inappropriately according to guidelines for their rational use.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of use of benzodiazepine amongst thegeneral population aged 65-84 years in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region, in North-East Italy.Methods. A total of 40 general practitioners participated in the study. Two data sources were used in theresearch. The first was the Health Search Database, the second was a short questionnaire administered bythe general practitioners to the 65 to 84 year old patients attending their surgeries for any reason during thestudy period. Data on the use of benzodiazepines between 1stFebruary and 31stJuly 2001 were extracted fromboth the Health Search Database using drug prescriptions and the questionnaires.Results. Of the 10,468 patients aged 65-84 years with complete demographical data in the generalpractitioners’ patient lists, 2,369 subjects used benzodiazepines, hypnotics and over the counter drugs. Overallprevalence of benzodiazepine use was 21.5% (95% confidence interval: 19.8-23.1%). Of the benzodiazepineusers, 66.9% consumed a short-intermediate half-life and 33.1% a long half-life benzodiazepine. Most patientstook benzodiazepines at night (68.2%), less frequently in the daytime and at night (23.7%), or in the daytimeonly (8.1%). Most users (89.2%) said they had been taking benzodiazepine for years.Conclusions. Benzodiazepine use was associated with patient characteristics, such as being female, usinganalgesics or antidepressants and the presence of a chronic disease especially cancer or chronic heart failure.
Molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit: results of a one-year surveillance study
Authors: Villari Paolo , D’Agnese Paola , Gravino Elvira , Marzuillo Carolina , Tufano Rosalba
Published: June 2024

Background. Nosocomial infections contribute substantially to increased morbidity, mortality and resourceexpenditure in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).Methods. A one-year prospective surveillance study was performed using epidemiological andmicrobiological methods to quantify the frequency of infections and the antimicrobial usage, microbiologicalenvironmental sampling and molecular typing of clinical and environmental isolates.Results. The frequency of ICU-acquired infections was comparable to other Italian ICUs. Most of theseinfections were caused by few epidemic clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The survival advantage of these epidemic clones overthe sporadic isolates may be related to the multi-resistant profile of the epidemic clones and to the highusage of some antibiotics in the ICU. Hand contamination of ICU personnel is a likely factor for disseminationof epidemic clones within the ICU.Conclusions. The integrated surveillance approach described in this study is able to clarify the complexepidemiology of ICU-acquired infections and can provide important cues for prevention and controlactivities.
Evaluation of Russian OFDI based on balance of payments and OECD data (before COVID-19)
Authors: Tcyrempilova Serzhena , Ertugrul Can , Hegedűs Mihály , Ali Mohammad Daud , Dávid Lóránt Dénes , Magda Róbert
Published: June 2024

This article presents an analysis of Russia’s outward foreign direct investment based on the balance of payments. The country has been affected by the “Dutch disease,” characterized by a heavy reliance on the mining industry and revenues from oil and gas exports. The financial account reveals a consistent outflow of capital from Russia, surpassing inflows. A significant portion of domestic investment goes abroad, often to offshore destinations. This capital outflow has not been fully offset by foreign capital inflows. These findings underscore the challenges faced by Russia in managing its financial position, including the need to address capital outflows, diversify the economy, and reduce dependence on raw material exports. Furthermore, this article aims to identify the presence of Russian capital in OECD countries by comparing data from the Central Bank of Russia and the OECD. The analysis reveals significant discrepancies between the two datasets, primarily due to unavailable or confidential information in the OECD dataset. These variations can also be attributed to differences in methodology and the specific nature of Russian outward direct investments, particularly those involving offshore jurisdictions. As a result, accurately determining the extent of Russian capital in OECD countries based on the available data becomes a challenging task (including for the tourism industry as well).
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN HIGH ALTITUDE RESIDENTS
Authors: Espinoza Mayhua Geraldine , Tinoco Solórzano Amilcar
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) may have particular characteristics at high altitude that can affect its severity. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of AP in residents at high altitude. Methods: Observational and descriptive study conducted in a hospital at 3,250 meters above sea level (masl) in Huancayo, Peru. A total of 129 patients with AP between 2017 and 2021 were included. Clinical, demographic, and management characteristics were analyzed. Data were collected at admission and followed until hospital discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 32, describing qualitative variables with frequencies/percentages and quantitative variables with mean/standard deviation or median/interquartile ranges according to the distribution. Results: The mean age was 45.8 years; 61.2% were women. The mean BMI was 26.1 kg/m², and the hospital stay was 11.1 days. The main cause of AP was biliary (78.3%). The mean SaO2 was 91.6%; PaO2, 68.7 mmHg; PaCO2, 29.4 mmHg; HCO3, 18.8 mEq/L; hemoglobin, 15.5 g; hematocrit, 46.3%; AST, 286.4 U/L; and ALT, 313.9 U/L. The incidence of AP was 38.4 cases per 10,000 admissions. 13.2% were admitted to the ICU, with a mortality rate of 52.9%. The most frequent complications were peri-pancreatic collections (14.7%) and pancreatic necrosis (9.3%). The overall mortality was 13.9%. Conclusion: AP at high altitude shows many similar characteristics to sea level; however, differences in SaO2, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, and mortality may suggest an influence of hypobaric hypoxia that should be corroborated in further studies.
Studying the Possibility of Dynamic Spin Handling for Polarized Protons and Deuterons at the NICA Accelerator Complex
Authors: Bedarev E. V. , Koop I. A. , Otboev A. V. , Shatunov Yu. M.
Published: June 2024

At the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research together with the Institute of Nuclear Physics named after G. I. Budker SB RAS plans to carry out experiments with NICA accelerator complex dedicated to spin effects studying in polarized protons and deuterons collisions. As addendum to the spin physics program, it is being planned experiment by testing P-parity violation in pd-scattering at target. To carry out this experiment, it has to study the possibility of obtaining a p or d beam with dynamically stable longitudinal polarization with different signs. In this paper, we consider investigation of the organization for such configuration of spin using RF rotators in the Nuclotron ring. The spin flip process for deuterons and protons beam has simulated taking into account synchrotron oscillations and energy diffusion. Based on the obtained results, conclusions about opportunity of gaining dynamically stable longitudinal polarization for this way have done.
Atuação da fisioterapia na aplicação do pilates solo como estratégia de prevenção de alterações posturais em escolares da rede pública
Authors: Arruda Daphne Teodosio de , Bacelar Miriam Eloana Lopes , Marinho Daliane Ferreira , Rebelo Eliane Ferreira Marinho , Sá Yana Bernarde , Lemos Thiago Pereira , Barbosa Danilo Reis , Silva Alex Ripardo da , Barbosa Larissa de Moura , Sousa Davi Silva de
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Difundir os benefícios da prática do pilates solo em ambiente escolar a equipe de educadores e aos alunos do ensino fundamental II e ensino médio. A fim de combater o sedentarismo e prevenir alterações físicas relacionadas a postura e ao desenvolvimento corporal, como equilíbrio, força e propriocepção, mas principalmente na prevenção de alterações do eixo da coluna vertebral. Relato de experiencia: A atividade de pilates solo foi oferecida aos alunos dentro de duas escolas do sistema público de ensino, em uma cidade no oeste do estado do Pará, no horário das aulas de educação física durante uma semana. Durante a semana de aplicação do projeto de extensão foi desenvolvida a atividade com os estudantes na seguinte dinâmica: em formato de aula prática, com uma explicação breve sobre o método pilates, seu histórico e princípios, seguido da aplicação da sequência de exercícios do protocolo de solo, adaptados ao contexto escolar e ao condicionamento atual do público de alunos. Considerações finais: O estudo abordou as vivências dos estudantes envolvidos, com a propagação dos exercícios do pilates solo, visando o combate ao sedentarismo e alterações posturais. Destaca-se que o período de atendimentos desempenhou um papel significativo no aprimoramento acadêmico dos universitários envolvidos.
Red-shifted two-photon-sensitive phenanthridine photocages: synthesis and characterisation
Authors: Attiach Célest Mordechai , Kumar Amit , Daniel Jonathan , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Maruani Antoine , Dalko Peter I.
Published: June 2024

Herein we describe the synthesis and photophysical study of a novel class of phenanthridine-based, one- and two-photon sensitive, photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) with absorption wavelengths extending beyond 400 nm. Photocages are indispensable tools for the controlled release of biologically active agents and have found widespread utility in neurophysiology and optogenetics. However, the effectiveness of many PPGs is hindered by their limited absorption of visible light. To address this challenge, we developed a small library of 3-dimethyl amino phenanthridine derivatives through a concise five-step synthetic route. Through comprehensive photophysical and photochemical analysis, coupled with DFT/TD-DFT calculations, we elucidated the key components governing their behaviour. This rational design approach facilitated the development of phenanthridine PPGs with enhanced uncaging quantum yield, paving the way for their broader application in controlled drug delivery and molecular manipulation.
Potential-dependent polaron formation activates TiO2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Tongwei , Melander Marko M. , Guo Xiaoxi , Zhang Guangjie , Zhang Yanning , Wang Zhiming , Song Li , Liu Zheng , Xiong Jie , Honkala Karoliina
Published: June 2024

Polarons and defects are recognized to be crucial in semiconductor (photo)electrocatalysis, yet their precise impact on charge transfer and electrocatalytic activity has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the influence of potential-dependent polaron and defect formation on a prototypical TiO2 semiconductor for a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), combining grand canonical ensemble density functional theory (GCE-DFT) calculations with multiple (spectro)electrochemical experiments. Our joint experimental and theoretical exploration unveiled notable changes in the TiO2 electronic structure with the application of an electrode potential resulting in the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ surface polarons at reducing electrode potentials. We demonstrate that potential-dependent polaron formation creates highly active sites for HER, enhances conductivity, and breaks the Butler-Volmer-like kinetics highlighting the qualitatively different behavior between semiconducting TiO2 and metallic electrodes. Overall, our findings furnish compelling evidence and atomistic understanding of the pivotal role that potential-dependent polaron formation plays in semiconductor (photo)electrocatalysis.
A comparison of modern solvation models for oxygen reduction at the Pt(111) interface
Authors: Demeyere Tom , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: June 2024

Solvation effects play an important role in the thermodynamics of catalytic reactions, however, current implicit solvation models often fail to accurately capture specific local effects, such as hydrogen bonding, limiting their ability to systematically incorporate solvation effects into quantum mechanical simulations. In this study, we investigate the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) and apply it to the Platinum (111) interface, using the Oxygen Reduction Reaction as a case study. We compare RISM to the Charge-Asymmetric Nonlocally Determined Local-Electric (CANDLE) solvation model, which belongs to the class of Poisson-Boltzmann models. Our results demonstrate that RISM, with the appropriately parametrized water model, can accurately describe various properties of the solvated Pt(111) surface such as solvation free energies, workfunctions and capacitances and capture subtle effects due to electrolyte concentration and explicit adsorbates. We find that the inclusion of lone pairs in the water model proves to be crucial for obtaining accurate results, highlighting the importance of water's non-bonding orbitals in solvation effects at the Pt(111) interface. Furthermore, RISM enables the computation of previously inaccessible properties, such as the solvent/electrolyte density near charged electrodes, providing valuable insights into the electrochemical double layer structure. Our findings suggest that RISM could serve as a computationally efficient alternative for studying electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
SIMBOL MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM EKOSISTEM PLURALISME DI KAMPUNG REHOBOT INDRAMAYU
Authors: Irmawandi Yohanes , Nur Hidayat Mufti
Published: June 2024

Salah satu akar konflik antar umat beragama di Indonesia yaitu prasangka negatif terhadap agama lain. Dampak dari prasangka negatif tersebut dapat mengarah kepada tindakan intoleransi, diskriminasi dan ujaran kebencian. Di samping problematika di ranah sosial tersebut, terdapat pula pelanggaran Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan yang dilakukan oleh Negara dalam hal kebijakan publik yang belum memenuhi, melindungi dan menghormati hak-hak asasi warganya. Namun disisi lain dalam upaya menumbuhkan sikap baru dan pemajuan hak asasi manusia dalam konteks kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan dalam hal ini pemerintah menginisiasi program Moderasi Beragama. Seiring program moderasi beragama berjalan, ternyata praktik-praktik yang merepresentasikan sikap moderasi beragama di akar rumput telah terjadi dan melekat dalam budaya masyarakat Kampung Rehobot Indramayu. Penelitian tersebut mengungkapkan praktik-praktik masyarakat Rehobot yang menjadi simbol moderasi beragama. Metode penelitian tersebut menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara secara mendalam dan studi pustaka untuk mengelaborasi data-data penelitian agar mudah dimaknai secara utuh.
Implicaciones jurídicas de la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos respecto de los delitos ambientales del COIP-Ecuador
Authors: Mendoza Escalante Pablo , Mendoza Rojas Isabel Alejandra
Published: June 2024

La presente investigación surge de la concepción de la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en el constitucionalismo ecuatoriano de 2008, como un constructo epistémico derivado de las teorías criticas latinoamericanas que versan sobre los derechos ambientales y se soportan en buena parte en los saberes ancestrales de la cosmovisión andina. Específicamente se analiza la diferencia de concebir constitucionalmente a la naturaleza como un sujeto de derechos y el bien jurídico tutelado en los delitos previstos en el Código Orgánico Procesal Penal (COIP) a través de las nuevas tendencias ambientales y penales. En este sentido, se acudió a la revisión doctrinaria, normativa y jurisprudencial que rige la materia, sus principios, el alcance y en general la importancia de la referida distinción a la hora de generar convicción en el Juzgador en materia ambiental y penal determinando sus especificidades comunes y diferenciantes. Como aspecto conclusivo se pudo constatar que si existió una confusión en el legislador al redactar el COIP pues establece elementos que se dirigen a precaver y sancionar delitos contra el ambiente de manera aislad y no sistémica y que no consideran el derecho de reconocer a la naturaleza como un sujeto de derechos, siguiendo en parte la tradición antropocéntrica que ya ha sido superada desde la nueva relación sujeto-sujeto que regula la constitución del Ecuador de 2008.
Teaching leadership in undergraduate nursing programs in Portuguese-speaking countries: a documentary study
Authors: Sousa Vitória Talya dos Santos , Paiva Jocilene da Silva , Nogueira Maria Rayssa do Nascimento , Leite Ana Caroline Rocha de Melo , Costa Edmara Chaves , Araújo Thiago Moura de , Vasconcelos Patrícia Freire de
Published: June 2024

Objective: To analyze the presence of clourses on the subject of "leadership" in the curricula of Nursing programs at Higher Education Institutions in Portuguese-speaking countries. Methods: A qualitative, documentary study, with data collected from official sources of educational institutions, focusing on Nursing programs in 10 Portuguese-speaking countries. The curricular matrices of the programs were analyzed and data on the classes were extracted and organized into figures and tables. Results: 155 institutions were identified, 75 of which offer a Nursing degree. When considering the institutions that offer a Nursing degree, 18 have courses that include the topic "leadership" in their syllabus, and they are only located in three countries: Brazil, Portugal, and Macao.  Conclusion: There are still gaps in the training of nurses in Portuguese-speaking countries, which is a cause for concern given the struggle for Nursing to be recognized and valued in Portuguese-speaking countries.
Teaching on Patient Safety: Interdisciplinarity from the perspective of nursing teachers
Authors: Santos Samara Sandy Pereira dos , Souza Verusca Soares de , Ribeiro Karoliny Ruama Carrenho , Santos Mayane Magalhães , Gama Liasse Monique de Pinho , Rozza Soraia Geraldo , Abreu Ingrid Moura de
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Compreender a visão dos docentes de enfermagem sobre a abordagem interdisciplinar da temática segurança do paciente no curso. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com professores de uma instituição de ensino superior do centro-oeste do Brasil. A coleta de dados aconteceu entre os meses de novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, a partir de entrevista gravada por meio da plataforma Google Meet, que teve duração entre 15 a 30 minutos. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: A partir das análises, emergiram duas categorias. A primeira “A segurança do paciente nas entrelinhas do ensino de enfermagem” versou sobre a discussão da temática de maneira implícita entre as disciplinas; e a segunda categoria “Estratégias de ampliação da abordagem da segurança do paciente no ensino de enfermagem” apresentou estratégias de expansão da abordagem do conteúdo. Conclusão: Reconheceu-se que a segurança do paciente é relevante, a qual necessita de uma abordagem em diferentes linhas do ensino na enfermagem, e que os docentes devem utilizar recursos inovadores para difundir a prática do cuidado seguro.
Sexually explicit media consumption and HIV/AIDS risk practices in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Chaves André Felipe de Castro Pereira , Araújo Telma Maria Evangelista de , Sousa Ellen Cristina Costa Leite , Almeida Priscilla Dantas , Nunes Rômulo Veloso , Lulendo Eduardo Maziku
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a influência do consumo de Mídias Sexuais Explícitas nas práticas de risco ao HIV/Aids em residentes da região nordeste do país. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, transversal, incluindo 349 residentes da região nordeste com idade a partir de 18 anos. Os dados foram coletados de forma online, no período de julho a dezembro de 2021, utilizando-se questionário adaptado. A variável desfecho foi o uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais (sim/não). Realizou-se a Regressão de Logística Múltipla Hierárquica com razão de chance ajustada, para explicar o efeito das variáveis preditoras sobre a variável dependente. Resultados: Ter renda maior que um salário-mínimo e estar solteiro aumentam as chances de uso do preservativo, enquanto estar namorando, casado ou unido, coito interrompido, sexo sem penetração, conhecimento do status sorológico e das parcerias, uso de Profilaxia Pré-Exposição, dificuldades e impossibilidades de acesso ao preservativo na pandemia foram fatores de proteção contra o uso. Conclusão: O consumo de mídias sexuais explícitas não influenciou o não uso de preservativo. Entretanto, observaram-se práticas utilizadas como preventivas ao HIV/Aids, que desconsideram a prevenção combinada implicando na necessidade de implementação de estratégias de educação sexual com vistas à prevenção do HIV/Aids e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.
Effect of educational interventions on self-efficacy of rural older people with chronic diseases
Authors: Morais Huana Carolina Cândido , Nascimento Leyliane Brito , Cavalcante Sara do Nascimento , Lima Liene Ribeiro de , Maniva Samia Jardelle Costa de Freitas , Campos Regina Kelly Guimarães Gomes , Mendes Igor Cordeiro
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a autoeficácia de idosos da zona rural com doenças crônicas antes e após intervenções educativas (interativa ou expositiva). Métodos: Estudo quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois, realizado em setembro de 2016. Aplicaram-se intervenções educativas (interativa ou expositiva) com idosos acompanhados em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da zona rural de Senador Pompeu, Ceará. Sorteou-se qual unidade recebeu cada intervenção. Utilizou-se a escala Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form para verificar o efeito das intervenções. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e testes de diferença. Resultados: Compuseram os grupos 10 (intervenção interativa) e 15 (intervenção expositiva) idosos, com média de idade entre 66,6 e 68,2 anos. Predominaram mulheres, com nível primário e baixo rendimento mensal. A maioria tinha hipertensão arterial (92%) e 24% apresentavam outra doença crônica simultânea. Os escores de autoeficácia nos dois grupos aumentaram depois das intervenções aplicadas (intervenção interativa 0,9 pontos e intervenção expositiva 0,6 pontos), com diferença estatística significante (p=0,008 e p=0,001). Dos itens avaliados, Necessidade de mudança do comportamento e Cuidar de si obtiveram menor e maior aumento das médias entre as avaliações (0,1 e 1,5, respectivamente). Conclusão: As intervenções educativas (interativa ou expositiva) aplicadas aumentaram a autoeficácia de idosos com doenças crônicas.
Sexual violence perpetrated against black Brazilian women: an integrative review
Authors: Silva Anna Vytórya de Oliveira , Mota Gabriela Guimarães da , Rocha Ariel Oliveira , Santos Iraneide Nascimento dos , Lages Itamar , Barbosa Edilene Maria da Silva , Veríssimo Ana Virgínia Rodrigues
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas em saúde sobre a violência sexual perpetrada contra mulheres negras no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada em seis etapas, na qual a busca ocorreu em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase e no portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. A seleção se deu em duas etapas e, para extração das informações, utilizou-se formulário elaborado pelos autores cuja análise dos resultados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A partir da análise dos oito estudos emergiram as seguintes categorias: o perfil da violência sexual perpetrada contra mulheres negras; e a interseccionalidade e seus impactos sobre a violência sexual perpetrada contra mulheres negras. As práticas de violência sexual mais perpetradas foram o toque, a manipulação, os beijos forçados e as relações sexuais, com maior prevalência em mulheres jovens negras, que são mais culpabilizadas e responsabilizadas pela sociedade do que as demais. Conclusão: Há uma prevalência da violência sexual contra a mulher negra que, na maioria das vezes, está inserida em condições de vulnerabilidade social. Tendo em vista o racismo estrutural presente na atualidade, faz-se necessário o conhecimento desse tema a fim de promover um melhor atendimento para essas mulheres.
Protocol to implement nutritional interventions for the management of childhood obesity in Primary Health Care
Authors: Silva Chrisllayne Oliveira da , Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Claro Maísa de Lima , Sousa Artemizia Francisca de , Silva Danilla Michelle Costa e , Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira
Published: June 2024

Objective: To create and validate a protocol to implement nutritional interventions for the management of childhood obesity in the Primary Health Care scope. Methods: This is a methodological study organized into three phases: elaboration of a systematic review of the “overview” type using the PRISMA recommendations; preparation of the clinical protocol; and content validation using the AGREE II and AGREE-REX instruments. Results: A total of 17 studies were included to create the protocol, indicating effectiveness in interventions with outcomes in a significant BMI reduction, change in eating behaviors and habits, and increase in the knowledge level about healthy eating. The clinical protocol assessment obtained a score >70% and, according to the parameter used (≥50% high quality), it was considered adequate for implementation in the children's health field, more specifically in the management of childhood obesity. Conclusion: A care protocol for the management of childhood obesity in the Primary Health Care scope positively represents a sustainable and flexible strategy with performance of several social actors such as health professionals and family members, among others, contributing to reducing risks of comorbidities associated with obesity and health costs, as well as to promoting healthier behaviors in the pediatric population.
Using good delivery practices and maternal experience and satisfaction
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriela Lima , Costa Camila Chaves da , Damasceno Ana Kelve de Castro , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira , Souza Marcella Rocha Tavares de , Esteche Cinthia Maria Gomes da Costa Escoto , Maciel Nathanael de Souza
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Descrever a utilização das boas práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento e o grau de satisfação e experiência de puérperas com o parto. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no período de julho de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, em uma maternidade em Fortaleza, Ceará. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Experiência e Satisfação com o Parto e questionário para avaliação dos dados sociodemográficos e obstétricos. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Science. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Participaram 237 puérperas com média de idade de 26 anos. 168 (70,9%) mulheres estiveram bastante satisfeitas com a estrutura da instituição, 119 (50,2%) com os cuidados profissionais prestados e 160 (67,5%) com o trabalho de parto e parto. Dentre os fatores que estiveram associados à experiência positiva com o parto, destaca-se a realização do contato pele a pele, o estímulo ao aleitamento materno e a utilização dos métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor.  Conclusão: Para uma experiência mais positiva de parto, ressalta-se a importância de abordagens humanizadas que incentivem práticas como contato pele a pele e início precoce do aleitamento materno, além de garantir que profissionais de saúde forneçam cuidados holísticos.
Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce vaccination-related pain in infants: an integrative review
Authors: Costa Lílian Maria Almeida , Costa Rosana dos Santos , Sales Magda Coeli Vitorino , Gouveia Márcia Teles de Oliveira , Moura Mayara Águida Porfírio
Published: June 2024

Objective: To identify scientific evidence related to non-pharmacological interventions used to reduce vaccination-related pain in infants. Methods: This is an integrative review carried out using the PICo strategy, in the IBECS, MEDLINE and Scopus databases, from February to June 2022, which aimed to answer the following question: what is the scientific evidence regarding non-pharmacological interventions used to reduce pain associated with vaccination in infants? The descriptors combined with the OR and AND Booleans were infant, vaccination, pain. Articles from 2011 to 2021 and published in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Results: The final sample consisted of 32 studies. Non-pharmacological intervention measures proposed for pain relief in infants submitted to vaccination were: breastfeeding and oral sugar solutions; professional assistance in the vaccine room; and sensory stimulation measures. Conclusion: Using these strategies evidenced in the scientific literature is able to favor the most adequate management of pain related to vaccine administration and, therefore, increase infants’ comfort and well-being, in addition to favoring families’ compliance with vaccination.