bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of Air Ventilation System in Anisolated Room for Minimizing the Infection Risk of COVID-19 Type Pandemic
Authors: Chakma Jungko Moni , Hossen Saddam , Sumon MD. All Amin , Abedin Mohammad Zoynal
Published: February 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the present global coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) which can be transmitted by aerosols and droplets. Aerosol transmission can be controlled by maintaining the proper level of dust, temperature, humidity, etc., and designing the ventilation system properly to minimize the transmission. This experiment examined the efficacy of modified air ventilation arrangements to decrease the infection risk in isolation rooms during COVID-19-type pandemics. Poor airflow distribution in traditional designs often results in cross-contamination, which threatens patient protection. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental validations were employed to evaluate the airflow patterns under different ventilation modifications. The results indicate that “Modification 2, ” with an inlet on the ceiling and outlet vents behind each bed, achieves optimal airflow by positioning the inlets on the ceiling and outlets behind each bed, preventing vortex formation, and minimizing contaminant spread between patients. This configuration significantly reduces the risk of infection transmission, as air exits the room faster compared to conventional designs. "Modification 2 enhances isolation room safety by reducing infection risk, offering valuable insights for hospital design and improved infection control policies.
How to Write Effective Prompts for Screening Biomedical Literature Using Large Language Models
Authors: Colangelo Maria Teresa , Guizzardi Stefano , Meleti Marco , Calciolari Elena , Galli Carlo
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 have emerged as powerful tools for (semi-)automating the initial screening of abstracts in systematic reviews, offering the potential to significantly reduce the manual burden on research teams. This paper provides a broad overview of prompt engineering principles—ranging from zero-shot to few-shot learning—and highlights how traditional PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) criteria can be converted into actionable instructions for LLMs. We analyze the trade-offs between “soft” prompts, which maximize recall by accepting articles unless they explicitly fail an inclusion requirement, and “strict” prompts, which demand explicit evidence for every criterion. Using a periodontics case study, we illustrate how prompt design affects recall, precision, and overall screening efficiency, and discuss metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score) to evaluate performance. We also examine common pitfalls, such as overly lengthy prompts or ambiguous instructions, and underscore the continuing need for expert oversight to mitigate hallucinations and biases inherent in LLM outputs. Finally, we explore emerging trends, including multi-stage screening pipelines and fine-tuning, while noting ethical considerations related to data privacy and transparency. By applying systematic prompt engineering and rigorous evaluation, researchers can optimize LLM-based screening processes, allowing for faster and more comprehensive evidence synthesis across biomedical disciplines.
Impact and Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Rheumatoid Arthritis – a Cross-Sectional Study with Self-Reported Questionnaires
Authors: Ionescu Catalina-Elena , Popescu Claudiu C. , Codreanu Catalin
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study aims to screen for depression and anxiety a real-life sample of RA patients and to observe whether RA phenotype characteristics and RA disease activity measures are associated with depression and anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study screened for depression and anxiety using the PHQ9 and HADS, self-reported questionnaires, all patients with diagnosed RA that came for their disease follow-up during one month. The follow-up captured the date of RA diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, clinical examination, blood sampling, functional and radiographic assessment. The cut-off for positive screening of depression was a PHQ9 of 10 or more and a HADS-D of over 10, and the positive cut-off for anxiety was a HADS-A of over 10. Results: According to the medical history the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the 209 patients included was 10%, respectively 8.1%, while the likely depression diagnosis according to PHQ was 34.4% and according to HADS-D was 14.8% and a likely anxiety diagnosis using the HADS-A was 32.5%. The subgroup of patients that positively screened for depression using the self-reported questionnaires PHQ9 and HADS-D had significantly higher DAS28, disease activity class, tender joint count, VAS, functional stage, with some particularities regarding ESR and radiographic stage which were higher just in the HADS-D of more than 10 subgroup and glucocorticoid use which was higher just in the PHQ over 10 subgroup. Regarding patients with a HADS-A of more than 10 they were more frequently women, and had higher tender joint count and functional stage. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and underdiagnosed in the RA population and are associated with higher levels of pain, physical disability and disease activity.
Design and Analysis of Antennas and Antenna System for 5G Technology
Authors: Coman Daria , Sîrbu-Drăgan Maria , Halunga Simona , Brînaru Diana
Published: February 2025

The new generation, the 5th generation, called 5G, paves the way for a variety of wireless services, which can impact beyond the sphere of mobile telephony, in industries such as health, transport, production, etc., providing support for critical applications that require performance at a high level. If previous generations only aimed at connectivity between people, 5G supports connectivity between objects, playing an important role in the IoT ecosystem. This work aims to study the current antenna technologies as well as design a patch antenna and an antenna system, using the Visual System Simulator of the AWR Design Environment, with the aim of applying the theoretical knowledge in practice, for the evaluation and optimization of antennas working in the 5G spectrum.
Screening with the Bilateral Corneal Symmetry 3-D Analyzer
Authors: Mehravaran Shiva , Eghrari Allen , Yousefi Siamak , Khalifa Fahmi , Ghiasi Guita , Farahi Azadeh
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative platform (the Bilateral Corneal Symmetry 3-D Analyzer - BiCSA) and a novel corneal symmetry index (the Volume Between Spheres – VBS) in differentiating normal corneas from those with keratoconus. Pentacam imaging data of 30 healthy corneas and 30 keratoconus cases were analyzed. BiCSA was utilized to determine the VBS for each case. Statistical analyses included comparing mean VBS values between groups and assessing sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV). Keratoconus patients exhibited significantly higher VBS scores compared to healthy controls, particularly within the central 4.0 mm zone (11.4 versus 6.3). Using a VBS threshold of 11.3 in the central zone identified 40% of keratoconus cases (40% sensitivity), but 100% of cases surpassing the threshold were keratoconus (100% PPV). Lowering the threshold to 10.4 increased case detection to 90% while maintaining a high PPV (84.2%). These findings suggest that VBS, particularly when focused on the central 4.0 mm zone, can be a valuable tool for early keratoconus screening and identifying potential corneal abnormalities requiring further clinical evaluation. No healthy control corneas in this study exceeded a VBS threshold of 11.4 at 4mm, indicating that values above this warrant further investigation.
DP-YOLO: A Lightweight Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Rail Fastener Defects
Authors: Chen Lihua , Sun Qi , Han Ziyang , Zhai Fengwen
Published: February 2025

To enable accurate and efficient real-time detection of rail fastener defects under resource-constrained environments, we propose DP-YOLO, an advanced lightweight algorithm based on YOLOv5s with four key optimizations. First, we design a Depthwise Separable Convolution Stage Partial (DSP) module that integrates depthwise separable convolution with a CSP residual connection strategy, reducing model parameters while enhancing recognition accuracy. Second, we introduce a Position-Sensitive Channel Attention (PSCA) mechanism, which calculates spatial statistics (mean and standard deviation) across height and width dimensions for each channel feature map. These statistics are multiplied across corresponding dimensions to generate channel-specific weights, enabling dynamic feature recalibration. Third, the Neck network adopts a GhostC3 structure, which reduces redundancy through linear operations, further minimizing computational costs. Fourth, to improve multi-scale adaptability, we replace the standard loss function with Alpha-IoU, enhancing model robustness. Experiments on the augmented Roboflow Universe Fastener-defect-detection Dataset demonstrate DP-YOLO’s effectiveness: it achieves 87.1% detection accuracy, surpassing the original YOLOv5s by 1.3% in mAP0.5 and 2.1% in mAP0.5:0.95. Additionally, the optimized architecture reduces parameters by 1.3% and computational load by 15.19%. These results validate DP-YOLO’s practical value for resource-efficient, high-precision defect detection in railway maintenance systems.
The Role of Conversion Narratives in the Social Dynamics of Evangelical Roma: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Nastase Rafael
Published: February 2025

While many experts in Roma studies are writing about conversion of Romas in Europe and about the "new religion" impact in their social life, there are also some academic articles which are expressing the lack of conversion narratives. Understanding the excitement of various researchers seeing the social transformation, it looks like there is only side of the phenomena, and there is no, or very little, research referring the role of conversion in such transformation. The main objectives in this qualitative study, is to explore the role o narrative conversion and the role of conversion in social transformation of Roma communitas. Data are generated from in-depth of semi structured interviews and analysed through the biblical doctrinal lens of conversion.Trough the findings, we understand that Roma evangelicals should be aware that not the religious sift is the key of individual and community change, but the proper implementation of Biblical values.
Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Stress and Anxiety: Implications for Student Well-Being
Authors: Torrelles-Nadal Cristina , Quesada-Pallarès Carla , Robalino Guerra Paulina Elizabeth , Ahmedi Shqiponjë , Saz Alexandra , Sabrià-Bernadó Betlem
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 outbreak caused a significant frequency of mental health conditions in the general population, including acute stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and impaired concentration. This study seeks to assess the role of student resilience in reducing the perceived anxiety and stress brought on by the COVID-19 impact in order to maintain or improve students' subjective well-being. It also sought to explore the influence of the devastating occurrences on students' subjective well-being using perceived anxiety and stress as mediators.​​ The sample size consisted of 685 university students from Andorra, Mexico and Spain. Findings revealed that resilience regulates the relationship between students' subjective well-being and how anxious or stressed they believe themselves to be, additionally it lessens long-term detrimental effects of COVID-19 on their overall psychological health.
Empirical Models for Estimating Draught and Vertical Reaction Forces of a Duckfoot Tool in Compacted Soil: Effects of Moisture Content, Depth, Width, and Speed
Authors: Lisowski Aleksander , Lauryn Daniel , Nowakowski Tomasz , Klonowski Jacek , Świętochowski Adam , Sypuła Michał , Chlebowski Jarosław , Kamiński Jan , Kostyra Krzysztof , Dąbrowska Magdalena , Stużyk Adam , Mieszkalski Leszek , Stasiak Mateusz
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the development of empirical mathematical models of draught force, Fx, and vertical force, Fy acting on duckfoots attached to the tines with different stiffness and working in various soil conditions. The models consider technical variables such as stiffness, k, tool depth-to-width ratio, d/w, tool movement speed, v, and soil moisture content, MC, which have not been thoroughly analysed in the literature. The correlation coefficients for predicting Fx and Fy values were 0.4996 and 0.6227, respectively. Statistical analysis confirmed the significant effect of these parameters on the forces acting on the tools, with the variables d/w and v having the most critical impact on Fx and Fy. The SLSQP (Sequential Least Squares Programming) optimisation method was used to determine the optimal values of technical variables. The maximum value of Fx was 438.55 N, and the minimum was 98.98 N, with variable values at the edges of the studied ranges. Similarly, Fy values of 135.25 N and -84.55 N, respectively, were obtained. Optimisation results showed good fitness with experimental results, and minor relative errors confirmed the accuracy of the model predictions. The justification of the research results allowed us to conclude that there is no basis for rejecting the explanatory hypotheses. The developed models have a generalisable value in the analysed ranges, and further research should focus on creating more universal, theoretical models of soil-tool interactions.
Comparison of Prosthetic Outcomes Between Digital and Conventional Impression for Single Implant Crown
Authors: Hung Lam Tran , Minh Cuong Pham , Hoang Nam Nguyen , Huyen Bao Tran Vo , Viet Hoang
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aims to compare treatment time and patient satisfaction between digital and conventional impression techniques in single-tooth implant prosthetics. Materials and Methods: A controlled study was conducted on 22 patients with single-tooth loss in the posterior arch who underwent implant replacement. Impressions were taken using both conventional techniques (polyvinyl siloxane) and digital methods (3Shape Trios 3 Move scanner). Results: The digital impression technique significantly reduced treatment time compared to the conventional method. The total procedure time and individual steps in the digital process were notably shorter than those in the conventional process (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent digital impressions reported significantly not only higher satisfaction and comfort levels, but also less pain, unpleasant taste and level of nausea (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Digital impressions demonstrate superior efficiency in reducing treatment time and improving patient satisfaction compared to conventional methods, highlighting their advantages in single-tooth implant prosthetics.
Including Small Fires in Global Historical Burned Area Products: We Should Dig More into the Landsat Archive
Authors: Fornacca Davide , Ye Yuhan , Li Xiaokang , Xiao Wen
Published: February 2025

Despite advancements in satellite-derived fire analysis, reconstructing the past remains constrained by historical data limitations. Algorithms for extracting burned area information at the global scale continue to evolve, but complex landscapes and small fires are often excluded, mainly due to sensor spatial resolution. We evaluated the burned area detection capabilities of two recent global products, MODIS FireCCI51 and the Landsat-based GABAM, in a challenging mountainous region over the period 2001-2019. Overall, the spatio-temporal distribution of burn counts within 10 km mesh grid covering the study area correlated well for GABAM (Spearman R: 0.76 and 0.74) and discretely for FireCCI51 (R: 0.53 and 0.45) against two benchmark datasets. Fire event detection performance in the sampled squares in this specific landscape was limited for FireCCI51, despite its reported improvements globally (User’s Accuracy: 0.83, Producer’s Accuracy: 0.08). Conversely, GABAM exhibited relatively strong detection capabilities with reduced commission errors (User’s Accuracy: 0.85, Producer’s Accuracy: 0.68). This evaluation highlights the importance of Landsat-based approaches for global burned area assessments. Landsat's long, consistent time-series and higher spatial resolution offer significant advantages, as reported by the numerous local and regional applications. Yet, its potential for global assessments has been underutilized, hindered by difficulties in handling big amounts of data and the scarcity of analyzable images within a fire year. Nonetheless, the development of GABAM may serve as a proof of concept, demonstrating how the Landsat archive and powerful cloud computing can enhance global burned area mapping, improving accuracy, including small fires, and extending time-series. We encourage researchers to integrate Landsat into global fire extraction routines for comprehensive past fire history reconstruction.
Hydraulic Parameters of Pressure-Volume Curves and Their Relationship with the Moisture Content of Live Fuels in Two Woody Species and an Epiphyte
Authors: Guerrero Felipe Fabiola , Reyna Teresa Alfaro , Delgado Balbuena Josué , Calvillo Aguilar Francisco Fábian , Aguirre Gutierrez Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

Arid and semiarid ecosystems are characterized by substantial water loss through evaporation, exceeding precipitation, which makes water scarcity a critical challenge for plant survival. This study examined temporal variations in water relations parameters in two woody species, Acacia schaffneri and Prosopis laevigata, and one epiphytic species, Tillandsia recurvata. The aim was to explore the relationships between hydraulic traits conferring drought tolerance and water storage capacity, as well as to derive the live fuel moisture content at the turgor loss point. Predawn and midday water potentials (Ψpd, Ψmd) were measured in the field, while pressure-volume (P-V) curves were used to derive parameters such as saturated water content (SWC), osmotic potential (Πo), turgor loss point (ΨTLP), relative water content at ΨTLP (RWCTLP), bulk modulus of elasticity (ε), and full turgor capacitance (CFT). Significant correlations were found between CFT and ΨTLP (positive), Πo (positive), and ε (negative). P. laevigata and T. recurvata exhibited higher water storage capacities (41.46 and 26.45 MPa⁻¹, respectively) but had a lower ability to maintain cell turgor under drought conditions. In contrast, A. schaffneri exhibited the lowest water storage capacity (11.88 MPa⁻¹) but demonstrated the highest ability to maintain cell turgor (ΨTLP = -1.31 MPa) and superior osmotic adjustments (Πo = -0.59 MPa). Both A. schaffneri and P. laevigata exhibited rigid cell walls, whereas T. recurvata displayed greater elasticity in its cell structures. The lowest moisture content was observed in A. schaffneri, suggesting higher fire ignition risk. These findings enhance understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms and fire susceptibility in arid regions, offering insights into species-specific adaptations to water stress.
Biopriming of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abates Fluoride Toxicity in Oryza sativa L. by Restricting Fluoride Accumulation, Enhancing Antioxidative System and, Boosting Activities of Rhizospheric Enzymes
Authors: Katiyar Priya , Pandey Neha , Varghese Boby , Keshav Kant Sahu
Published: February 2025

Plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are free-living microorganisms that actively reside in the rhizosphere and affects plants growth and development. These bacteria employ their own metabolic system to fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphate, and secrete hormones to directly impact metabolism of plants. Gaining a sustainable agricultural production under various environmental stresses requires a detailed understanding of mechanisms that bacteria use to promote plants growth. In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MW843625), a PGP soil bacterium with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 150 mM against fluoride (F) was isolated from agricultural fields of Chhattisgarh, India, and was assessed for remedial and PGP potential. This study concentrated on biomass accumulation, nutrient absorption, and oxidative stress tolerance in plants involving antioxidative enzymes. By determining MDA accumulation and ROS (O2.- and H2O2) in Oryza sativa L. under F (50 ppm) stress, oxidative stress tolerance was assessed. The results showed that inoculation with P. aeruginosa enhanced the ability of Oryza sativa L. seedlings to absorb nutrients, and increased the amounts of total chlorophyll (Chl), total soluble protein, and biomass. In contrast to plants cultivated under F-stress alone, those inoculated with P. aeruginosa along with F showed considerably reduced concentration of F in their roots, shoots, and grains. The alleviation of deleterious effects of F-stress on plants owing to P. aeruginosa inoculation has been associated with improved activity/ up-regulation of antioxidative genes (SOD, CAT, and APX) in comparison to only F subjected plants, which resulted in lower O2.-, H2O2, and MDA content. Additionally, it has also been reflected from our study that P. aeruginosa has the potential to increase the activities of soil enzymes such as urease, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase and cellulase. Accordingly, the findings of the conducted study suggests that P. aeruginosa can be exploited not only as an ideal candidate for bioremediation but also enhancing soil fertility and promotion of growth and development of Oryza sativa L. under F contamination.
Mitochondrial Epitranscriptomics: The Role of RNA Modifications in Cellular Energy Regulation and Aging
Authors: Odah Mohammad Ahmad Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, are essential for cellular metabolism and energy production. While their function is primarily regulated by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, recent research suggests that modifications to mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) play a crucial role in shaping mitochondrial activity, maintaining cellular energy balance, and influencing the aging process. This review delves into the emerging field of mitochondrial epitranscriptomics, focusing on key RNA modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridylation, and 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and their role in regulating mitochondrial gene expression and function. We explore how these modifications affect oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular senescence. Additionally, we highlight advanced techniques used to study mitochondrial RNA modifications and examine how their dysregulation is linked to aging and age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting these modifications for therapeutic interventions. A deeper understanding of mitochondrial epitranscriptomic changes could pave the way for novel approaches to treating neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and promoting healthy aging.
Integrating Systems Thinking and Behavioral Science
Authors: Parkinson John A , Gould Ashley , Knowles Nicky , West Jonathan , Goodman Andrew
Published: February 2025

Traditional approaches to changing health behaviors have primarily focused on education and raising awareness, assuming that increased knowledge leads to better decisions. However, evidence suggests these methods often fail to result in sustained behavioral change. The dual-process theory of decision-making highlights that much of our behavior is driven by automatic, intuitive processes, which educational interventions typically overlook. Compounding this challenge, behavioral research is often conducted on small groups, making it difficult to scale insights to broader societal issues, where behavior is influenced by complex, interconnected factors. This review advocates for integrating behavioral science with systems approaches (including systems thinking and approaches to complex adaptive systems) as a more effective approach to resolving complex societal issues, such as public health, sustainability, and social equity. Behavioral science provides insights into individual decision-making, while systems approaches offer ways of un-derstanding, and working with, the dynamic interactions and feedback loops within complex systems. The review explores the commonalities and differences between these two approaches, highlighting areas where they complement one another. Design thinking is identified as a useful structure for bridging behavioral science and systems thinking, enabling a more holistic approach to problem-solving. Though some ideological challenges remain, the potential for creating more effective, scalable solutions is signif-icant. By leveraging the strengths of both behavioral science and systems thinking, one can create more comprehensive strategies to address the “wicked problems” that shape societal health and well-being.
Improving Self-Efficacy and Patient Activation in Cancer Survivors through Digital Health Interventions: Single-Case Experimental Prospective Study
Authors: Arioz Umut , Smrke Urška , Šafran Valentino , Lin Simon , Nateqi Jama , Bema Dina , Polaka Inese , Arcimovica Krista , Lescinska Anna Marija , Manzo Gaetano , Pannatier Yvan , Calvo-Almeida Shaila , Ravnik Maja , Horvat Matej , Flis Vojko , Montero Ariadna Mato , Cruz Beatriz Calderón , Arjona José Aguayo , Chavez Marcela , Duflot Patrick , Bleret Valérie , Loly Catherine , Cerit Tunç , Uguducu Kadir , Mlakar Izidor
Published: February 2025

Cancer survivors face numerous challenges, and digital health interventions can empower them by enhancing self-efficacy and patient activation. This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of an mHealth app on self-efficacy and patient activation in 166 breast and colorectal cancer survivors. Participants received a smart-bracelet and used the app to access personalized care plans. Data was collected at baseline and follow-ups, including patient-reported outcomes and clinician feedback. The study demonstrated positive impacts on self-efficacy and patient activation. The overall trial retention rate was 75.3%. Participants reported high levels of activation (PAM levels 1-3: P=1.0; level 4: P=.65) and expressed a willingness to stay informed about their disease (CASE-Cancer factor 1: P=.98; factor 2: P=.66; factor 3: P=.25). Usability of the app improved, with an increase in participants rating the system as having excellent usability (from 14.82% to 22.22%). Additional qualitative analysis revealed positive experiences from both patients and clinicians. This paper contributes significantly to cancer survivorship care by providing personalized care plans tailored to individual needs. The PERSIST platform shows promise in improving patient outcomes and enhancing self-management abilities in cancer survivors. Further research with larger and more diverse populations is needed to establish its effectiveness.
Low Plasma Choline in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Linked to Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Bernhard Wolfgang , Shunova Anna , Boriga Julia , Graepler-Mainka Ute , Hilberath Johannes
Published: February 2025

Background: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) increases fecal choline losses, but the postnatal course of plasma choline and its metabolites in these patients is un-known. While choline homeostasis is crucial for cellular, bile, and lipoprotein metabolism, via phosphatidylcholine (PC) and via betaine as a methyl donor, choline deficiency is associated with impaired lung and liver function, including hepatic steatosis. Objective: To assess plasma levels of choline, betaine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), PC, and PC subclasses in CF patients from infancy to adulthood, comparing those with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and sufficiency (EPS). Methods: Retrospective analysis of target parameters in plasma samples (7/2015-11/2023) of CF patients (0.64-24.6 years) with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 477 samples from 162 CF patients were analyzed. In CF patients with EPI (N=148), plasma choline and betaine concentrations were lower, and decreased with age compared to EPS pa-tients showing normal values. TMAO concentrations, indicating intestinal choline degradation by bacterial colonization, were frequently elevated in EPI from infancy onwards, and inversely related to plasma choline and betaine levels. PC-containing linoleic acid levels were lower in EPI, but arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid content was similar in both patient groups. Con-clusion: CF patients with EPI are at risk of choline and betaine deficiency compared to exocrine pancreas-sufficient CF patients. Elevated TMAO concentrations in EPI patients indicate in-creased bacterial colonization leading to choline degradation before absorption. These findings indicate that laboratory testing of choline, betaine and TMAO, and clinical trials on choline supplementation are warranted in CF patients.
From Promise to Reality: Dissecting Administrative Apathy in Welfare Implementation
Authors: Monnappa K C Monnappa
Published: February 2025

In many societies, government welfare programs are designed to assist vulnerable populations, including the poor, war veterans, and disaster survivors. These initiatives aim to provide essential services such as food, medical care, housing, and education, with the overarching goal of improving the quality of life for those in need. Despite the altruistic intentions behind these schemes, they frequently face criticism for inefficiencies in their administration. A prevalent concern is that the individuals responsible for managing these programs often exhibit apathy or condescension toward beneficiaries, further exacerbating the challenges faced by marginalized groups. The reasons behind such inefficiencies can be multifaceted, encompassing bureaucratic red tape, lack of training, and insufficient resources, which hinder effective service delivery. Additionally, insights from psychological and sociological theories suggest that a hierarchical mindset within organizations can lead to dehumanization, where administrators fail to recognize the dignity and individuality of those they serve. This disconnect can foster a culture of indifference, where beneficiaries are viewed as mere statistics rather than as real people with distinct needs. To better understand these dynamics, through empirical observations and case studies this paper will explore and highlight both the successes and shortcomings of various welfare schemes. By examining the interplay between organizational structures and individual behaviours, the analysis aims to validate or challenge the hypothesis that administrative inefficiencies and attitudes significantly impact the effectiveness of welfare programs, ultimately shedding light on potential pathways for reform.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) and Its Modification as a Composite Material
Authors: Klouda Karel , Roupcová Petra , Vráblová Martina , Górecki Kamil Maciej , Bursíková Petra , Friedrichová Romana , Bátrlová Kateřina , Kuželová Koštálová Eva , Starý Zdeněk , Tilhon Jiří
Published: February 2025

This paper describes the preparation of g-C3N4 by polycondensation of melamine at 511 °C and its subsequent doping with Fe2O3, Cu, GO, rGO, DA and their combinations. Graphitic carbon nitride is a new material with plenty of applications e.g. in the fields of catalysis or water treatment. FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis was mainly used for identification and SEM images were taken at gradual resolution. The next part of the paper describes the preparation of composite compounds in polymer, PE-foil, PP-filaments for 3D printing, in PVB into nanofibers by electrostatic spinning. The aim of this article was to investigate the thermal stability of nanofibers prepared from PVB with g-C3N4 composite (18-20 %) by two methods: EL DC spinning and EL AC spinning. The material that exhibits the most effective synthesis will be subjected to further evaluation to assess its potential applicability in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analyses of the AHL Gene Family in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Sui Xiao-Yan , Li Yan-Long , Wang Xi , Zhong Yi , Cui Qing-Zhi , Luo Yin , Tang Bing-Qian , Liu Feng , Zou Xue-Xiao
Published: February 2025

The AT-hook motif nuclear-localized (AHL) genes play crucial roles in chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene transcription, significantly influencing biological processes such as plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although AHL genes have been extensively studied in various plants, their biological roles in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) remain unknown. In this study, 45 AHL genes were identified in the pepper genome through bioinformatics approaches. These genes were analyzed for their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and the structural and functional characteristics of their encoded proteins. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the CaAHL proteins into four subgroups. Transcriptome data revealed that CaAHL genes are expressed across various tissues, including roots, stems, flowers, seeds, and fruits, at different growth stages. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that CaAHL23 predominantly localizes to the cell nucleus, consistent with the localization of its homolog TEK in Arabidopsis thaliana. A yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that CaAHL23 binds to the promoter of CaCYP703A2, which is the homolog of the genic male sterility gene SlCYP703A2 in tomato. These findings indicate a potential link between CaAHL23 and genic male fertility in pepper. In summary, this study provides valuable insights that establish a foundation for future functional studies of CaAHL genes in pepper.
Designing for Climate Adaptation: A Case Study Integrating Nature-based Solutions with Urban Infrastructure
Authors: Sádaba Juan , Luzarraga Arantzazu , Lenzi Sara
Published: February 2025

Urban public space faces increasing challenges due to the accelerating impacts of climate change, necessitating a paradigm shift in how cities adapt their built environments. This paper presents a case study on integrating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) with urban infrastructure, focusing on the design and development of Urban Oasis, a modular and multi-sensory urban furniture system. Urban Oasis functions as a climate adaptation tool, incorporating rain gardens to manage stormwater, mitigate urban heat island effects, and enhance biodiversity, while integrating smart features such as climate sensors, irrigation systems, lighting, speakers, and electric vehicle chargers. Through a practice-based design methodology, the study explores how transdisciplinary collaboration can inform the development of adaptive, resilient, and equitable urban interventions. The findings demonstrate the potential of NbS-integrated urban infrastructure to address the complexities of climate adaptation while enhancing social, ecological, and technological resilience. The results, validated through an integrated design checklist, contribute to ongoing discussions on urban design frameworks, emphasizing a multi-layered and systemic approach that intertwines architecture, social innovation, multi-species design, and sensory engagement to reimagine public space for future climate resilience.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos en STEAM: implementación interdisciplinaria aplicada al oscilador armónico simple
Authors: López Hernández Jesús , Galindo Linares Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad explorar el comportamiento del oscilador armónico simple en dos dimensiones y la formación de figuras de Lissajous mediante la técnica metodológica de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), que desarrolla habilidades en la resolución de problemas, reforzando el aprendizaje de los conceptos usados en la física y motivando a los estudiantes a ser proactivos. Utilizando herramientas de experimentación, estudiantes universitarios de Sinaloa, México, diseñaron y construyeron armonógrafos, que son dispositivos mecánicos que trazan curvas complejas en función de oscilaciones perpendiculares acopladas. Estas figuras, conocidas como de Lissajous, son fundamentales en la visualización de fenómenos de resonancia y oscilaciones en mecánica. Este proyecto reforzó conceptos de mecánica newtoniana, fomentó habilidades prácticas y analíticas en los estudiantes y promovió la interdisciplinariedad al integrar el conocimiento de distintas áreas, lo que permitió guiarlos por el modelo STEAM (del inglés ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería, arte y matemáticas). Con la experimentación práctica, los estudiantes entendieron de manera más profunda los principios de superposición y la interacción de movimientos armónicos, viviendo una experiencia de aprendizaje integral y aplicada. La técnica ABP permitió enfocarse en el producto final, es decir, en las figuras, mientras que STEAM destacó el proceso de realización del trabajo con la integración de conocimientos de diversas disciplinas.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 1 по 7 февраля 2025 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: February 2025

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 1 по 7 февраля 2025 г.
Biometric features and reproductive biology of the dwarf chameleon fish Badis blosyrus from Brahmaputra River system of Assam, North-east India
Authors: Niti Sharma  , Sona Yengkokpam  , Bipul Chandra Ray  , Dipongkur Bordoloi  , U. K. Sarkar  , B. K. Das
Published: February 2025

The present study was carried out to understand the biometric features and reproductive traits of indigenous dwarf chameleon fish Badis blosyrus (Kullander and Britz, 2002). This species, a potential candidate for ornamental fish trade, holds significant conservation and commercial value but remains relatively understudied. Altogether seventy-five wild fish specimens were collected from the Brahmaputra River and its associated streams and wetlands of Assam during October 2021 to March, 2022. Morphometric and meristic characteristics were recorded. Important parameters estimated for reproductive biology includes sex ratio, gonad weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI), absolute and relative fecundity as well as egg diameter. Sexual dimorphism is well noticeable by their colour pattern, with adult males displaying bright colour and larger in size than the females. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) values ranged from 1.26 to 11.42 in male and 1.48 to 13.57 in females. The absolute fecundity varied from 892 to 940 eggs per fish while the relative fecundity ranged from 142 to 150 eggs per g of body weight. The fish due to its attractive and unique colour pattern have high demand in ornamental fish market. In view of limited knowledge on B. blosyrus, the present study aimed to generate baseline data which will be useful for conservation biology, designing breeding protocols and formulating sustainable management strategies.
Keywords: Badis blosyrus, Biometric features, Fecundity, Reproductive biology, Ornamental value
Meat quality assessment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared in inland saline water
Authors: M. Dharani  , Binaya Bhusan Nayak  , K. A. Martin Xavier  , P. Layana  , Amjad Khansaheb Balange
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted to assess the meat quality of inland saline water reared common carp (ISWCC) with those compared with freshwater reared common carp (FWCC). Among the proximate parameters, protein, fat and ash contents showed significant differences (p<0.05) while the moisture content was non-significant (p>0.05). Potassium was the dominant mineral in both ISWCC (841 mg 100 g-1) and FWCC (1114 mg 100 g-1). Sodium was found higher in ISWCC (245 mg 100 g-1) than in FWCC (137 mg 100 g-1). The major amino acids in ISWCC were glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Whereas glycine, lysine, alanine and histidine were the abundant amino acids recorded in FWCC. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of ISWCC was 22.29% and FWCC was 34.55%. Therefore, it can be concluded that though there are slight variations recorded in the biochemical composition and nutrient profiling of ISWCC as compared with FWCC, taste and overall meat quality are not affected due to rearing in inland saline water (ISW) since most of the essential amino acids and fatty acids were recorded in ISWCC meat.
Keywords: Common carp, Inland saline water, Meat quality, Nutrient profile
Prediction and History Matching of Observed Production Rate and Bottomhole Pressure Data Sets from In-Situ Crosslinked Polymer Gel Conformance Treatments Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Onur Mustafa , Kuzu Nihal , Narin Onur
Published: February 2025

We present a computationally efficient methodology based on the use of machine learning (ML) for predicting and history matching oil rate, water rate, and injection bottomhole pressure (BHP) data recorded during an in-situ polymer gel treatment. Using this methodology, we can estimate rock/fluid parameters affecting the in-situ gel process that impact reservoir conformance. The use of two ML methods is investigated for this purpose. One of the ML methods used is the least-squares support vector regression (LS-SVR), a kernel-based ML method, and the other is the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, a deep learning method. The LS-SVR and LSTM proxy models are built on training sets of BHP and rate data generated with a commercial high-fidelity reservoir simulator (HFRS) based on compositional flow simulation using a double-permeability model. The reservoir models are calibrated using synthetically generated, random noise added BHP, oil, and/or water production rate data sets with small and large window sizes before and after polymer gel treatment. The ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) is used for history matching the observed well outputs and assessing the uncertainty in the estimated parameters. When a compositional HFRS is replaced with any of the ML-based methods for performing history matching, we show that the LS-SVR and LSTM methods provide significant computational savings (more than an order of magnitude) in history matching including their training times over the conventional history matching based on a direct use of an HFRS. LSTM provides better predictions than LS-SVR for the same sizes of training sets and observed well outputs. However, for larger training sets, LSTM provides a significant computational gain over LS-SVR if clustering is not used for training LS-SVR surrogates for well outputs. In addition, we also identify the key parameters that have a significant impact on the performance of in-situ polymer gel treatment. The relative permeability curves of oil and water, absolute fracture permeability, polymer and crosslinked concentrations, and residual resistance factors (RRFTs) are the key parameters in the performance of in-situ polymer gel treatment. Although we have shown the application of our proposed methodology for a simple synthetic compositional reservoir model, the methodology is general in that it can be used for a real field case in a similar way for generating computationally efficient history-matched LS-SVR and LSTM surrogates that can be used to perform computationally efficient reservoir robust production optimization for in-situ gel operation.
Thermodynamic Characteristics and Impact Mechanisms of Core Barrels in Pressure-Preserved Coring Retrieval
Authors: Lin Tiejun , Yu Chengxiu , Zeng Dezhi , Sun Shaoliang , Su Yang , Han Hao , Shen Ruiqi , Zhu Zelin , Zhang Caigong , Xiao Huan
Published: February 2025

During pressure-preserved coring (PPC) retrieval, the core barrel’s pressure preservation performance is crucial for accurately assessing deep oil and gas resources. By accounting for the thermodynamic properties of the core, drilling fluid, and the variation in the core barrel’s working volume, we developed a thermodynamic model to predict temperature and pressure changes and to investigate the variation of thermodynamic parameters within the core barrel. A digital solution framework for the model was established using a fully implicit difference algorithm. Introducing the pressure preservation performance coefficient allowed us to evaluate the influence of key parameters—such as core length, drilling fluid density, and the core barrel’s height/diameter ratio—on pressure preservation. The model accurately predicts the thermal evolution during core retrieval and assesses the core barrel’s pressure preservation performance. Model predictions showed a relative error of less than 2.79% compared with laboratory measurements and less than 4.03% compared with field-collected data. During coring, the volumes of the core, drilling fluid, and core barrel increased by maximum values of 0.21%, 1.95%, and 1.00%, respectively. When ambient temperatures were high, adjusting the core length could improve pressure preservation. Given that various parameters affect core barrel design, it is recommended to increase the drilling fluid density, increase the height/diameter ratio of the core barrel, and keep the core barrel’s working volume below 20 L.
Plastome phylogenomics of the Diverse Neotropical Orchid Genus Lepanthes with Emphasis on Subgenus Marsipanthes (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae)
Authors: Arias Tatiana , Moreno Juan Sebastian , Reyes Sebastian , Almario Martin Llano , Serna-Sánchez Alejandra , Iturralde Gabriel A. , Valencia Janice , Baquero Luis , Zuluaga Alejandro
Published: February 2025

The first successful resolution of phylogenetic relationships within main lineages in the diverse Neotropical orchid genus Lepanthes Sw. is presented here. Genome skimming produced ten newly sequenced chloroplast genomes, with additional plastome coding genes (17–86) retrieved from GenBank, alongside 26 amplified matK and rITS genes, enabling phylogenetic reconstruction. The Lepanthes plastomes (157,185 − 158,260 bp, 37.15% GC content) contained 136 annotated genes, including 86 protein-coding, 42 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Six hypervariable regions, including parts of the ycf1 gene, were identified as potential DNA barcodes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Carl Luer’s subgeneric classifications are non-monophyletic, reflecting significant morphological homoplasy. PCA and correlation analyses confirmed widespread homoplasy in continuous morphological characters. Six major clades were identified, though backbone resolution remains unresolved at two nodes of the phylogeny, requiring the use of nuclear markers or expanded sampling. Subgenus Marsipanthes species are non-monophyletic and constitute an East Andean early divergent clade with species from subgenus Lepanthes, while some derived Biogeographic Choco Marsipanthes clades were recovered, forming a polytomy with species from subgenus Lepanthes. The genus likely originated in southern Ecuador or northern Peru, dispersing across the Andes into the broader Neotropics. Although only a subset of Lepanthes diversity was sampled, the study captures significant taxonomic, geographic, and morphological variation. It provides foundational insights into the genus’s evolution, along with tools and hypotheses that can be expanded upon in future research to further refine our understanding of its evolutionary history.