bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A History of the “Festival of the Arts” at Southwest Virginia Community College (1995–2018): Community Service through Music
Authors: Wallace Elizabeth Mitchell
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to describe the development, mission, and events of the Festival of the Arts at Southwest Virginia Community College (1995–2018) with special emphasis on community involvement and community enrichment. The festival serves as a tool in fulfilling the cultural enrichment mission and community service function of the college. Southwest Virginia Community College (SWCC) is a rural community college located in Richlands, VA, with a service area of more than 1,800 square miles, and a service area population of approximately 107,000 people. SWCC acts as the cultural center of its geographically broad service area, which is reflected in the mission of the college and is realized through initiatives such as the Festival of the Arts. After a regional performance by Pavlina Dokovska nearly a decade earlier, Dokovska became more involved in the arts community of Southwest Virginia, and she was instrumental in the official launch of the Festival of the Arts 1995. The Festival continued to evolve to an annual two-week event hosted by the college, bringing in nationally and internationally acclaimed artists for workshops, performances, and multicultural-centered education open to the public.
Forced, Not Voluntary, Aerobic Exercise Enhances Motor Recovery in Persons With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Linder Susan M. , Rosenfeldt Anson B. , Davidson Sara , Zimmerman Nicole , Penko Amanda , Lee John , Clark Cynthia , Alberts Jay L.
Published: July 2019

Background. The recovery of motor function following stroke is largely dependent on motor learning–related neuroplasticity. It has been hypothesized that intensive aerobic exercise (AE) training as an antecedent to motor task practice may prime the central nervous system to optimize motor recovery poststroke. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the differential effects of forced or voluntary AE combined with upper-extremity repetitive task practice (RTP) on the recovery of motor function in adults with stroke. Methods. A combined analysis of 2 preliminary randomized clinical trials was conducted in which participants (n = 40) were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) forced exercise and RTP (FE+RTP), (2) voluntary exercise and RTP (VE+RTP), or (3) time-matched stroke-related education and RTP (Edu+RTP). Participants completed 24 training sessions over 8 weeks. Results. A significant interaction effect was found indicating that improvements in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) were greatest for the FE+RTP group ( P = .001). All 3 groups improved significantly on the FMA by a mean of 11, 6, and 9 points for the FE+RTP, VE+RTP, and Edu+RTP groups, respectively. No evidence of a treatment-by-time interaction was observed for Wolf Motor Function Test outcomes; however, those in the FE+RTP group did exhibit significant improvement on the total, gross motor, and fine-motor performance times ( P ≤ .01 for all observations). Conclusions. Results indicate that FE administered prior to RTP enhanced motor skill acquisition greater than VE or stroke-related education. AE, FE in particular, should be considered as an effective antecedent to enhance motor recovery poststroke.
Research on multi-attribute controller for virtual data domain based on software definition network
Authors: Wang Jianmin , Zhang Bo , Fan Tongrang , Fu Zijian , Zhao Wenbin
Published: July 2019

Currently, large data sets are deployed on large-scale clusters, which require a large amount of physical resources. However, current network architecture does not have flexible deployment, making it difficult to adjust physical resources after deployment. Based on software definition network, this article proposes a framework for building virtual data domain, which establishes a multi-attribute decision model by network nodes for optimizing the deployment of control layer, so as to realize large-scale deployment. By analyzing the actual usage and virtual distribution of the underlying data resources, a mapping algorithm of network resource overhead–allocation ratio is proposed for adjusting the mapping space of network flow based on the mapping result, so as to meet more virtual domain applications. At the same time, the reasonable utilization of resources is helpful to reduce the communication delay in domain. Simulation results show that compared with the shortest path mapping and greedy resource mapping algorithms, the virtual domain established by the network resource overhead–allocation algorithm can improve the resource utilization rate by 10% and reduce the intra-domain communication delay by 30%. Therefore, under the background of the expanding scale of data domain, this framework can solve the problem that the current backward network architecture cannot adapt to the development trend of the information field.
The Influence of Internalized Homophobia on Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Among Gay and Bisexual Men in China
Authors: Wen Guangju , Zheng Lijun
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to examine the influences of internalized homophobia on Chinese gay and bisexual men’s quality of life and life satisfaction. Four hundred and eighty-three participants completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale, Chinese SF-12 Health Survey Version 2, and Satisfaction With Life Scale via the Internet. Scores for quality of life in several domains and life satisfaction were significantly lower than the heterosexuals’ norm scores. The present study revealed that internalized homophobia significantly negatively correlated with the mental component summary score and life satisfaction. The mental component summary score mediated the relationship between internalized homophobia and life satisfaction. Sexual orientation moderated the relationship between internalized homophobia and mental component score. Gay and bisexual men in China experience poorer quality of life and less satisfaction with life compared to heterosexuals, and internalized homophobia contributes to both.
Ameliorative Effect of Berberine on Neonatally Induced Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy via Modulation of BDNF, IGF-1, PPAR-γ, and AMPK Expressions
Authors: Zhou Guangju , Yan Mingzhu , Guo Gang , Tong Nanwei
Published: July 2019

Neonatal-streptozotocin (n-STZ)-induced diabetes mimics most of the clinicopathological symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) peripheral neuropathy. Berberine, a plant alkaloid, is reported to have antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of berberine against n-STZ-induced painful diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy by assessing various biochemical, electrophysiological, morphological, and ultrastructural studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was produced neonatal at the age of 2 days (10-12 g) by STZ (90 mg/kg intraperitoneal). After confirmation of neuropathy at 6 weeks, rats were treated with berberine (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Administration of n-STZ resulted in T2DM-induced neuropathic pain reflected by a significant alterations ( P < .05) in hyperalgesia, allodynia, and motor as well as sensory nerve conduction velocities whereas berberine (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated ( P < .05) these alterations. Berberine treatment significantly inhibited ( P < .05) STZ-induced alterations in aldose reductase, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, hepatic cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. The elevated oxido-nitrosative stress and decreased Na-K-ATPase and pulse Ox levels were significantly attenuated ( P < .05) by berberine. It also significantly downregulated ( P < .05) neural tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expressions both. Streptozotocin-induced downregulated mRNA expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) in sciatic nerve were significantly upregulated ( P < .05) by berberine. Western blot analysis revealed that STZ-induced alterations in adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK; Thr-172) and protein phosphatase 2C-α protein expressions in dorsal root ganglia were inhibited by berberine. It also attenuated histological and ultrastructural alterations induced in sciatic nerve by STZ. In conclusion, berberine exerts its neuroprotective effect against n-STZ-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy via modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF α, IL-1β, and IL-6), oxido-nitrosative stress, BDNF, IGF-1, PPAR-γ, and AMPK expression to ameliorate impaired allodynia, hyperalgesia, and nerve conduction velocity during T2DM.
Technical note on endovascular treatment of concomitant carotid occlusion in large vessel occlusion stroke: The “single-cross” technique
Authors: Ramsey Christian N , Newman Charles B , Jones Michael R , Archer Anona , Given Curtis A
Published: July 2019

Background

Emergent large vessel occlusive (ELVO) stroke secondary to underlying carotid occlusive disease is frequently encountered in endovascular ischemic stroke therapy and trials. Up to 29% of all cerebral vascular accidents are attributed to severe carotid occlusive disease, and recent interventional trials have demonstrated this occurrence in 18.6–32.2% of ELVO stroke. We present a novel technique using the stent retriever guide wire to expedite angioplasty and/or stent placement for associated carotid occlusive disease during mechanical thrombectomy of ELVO stroke. This technique utilizes the “waiting time” during stent retriever integration within the thrombus as an opportunity to initiate revascularization of the cervical carotid, using the deployed stent retriever guidewire as an ad hoc rapid exchange wire while the stentriever serves as a potential surrogate distal embolic protection device. We present 23 cases using this novel endovascular approach, which we have called the single-cross technique, as the cervical lesion is only traversed once during therapy.

Methods

A case series of 23 consecutive patients who underwent a novel endovascular technique for treating tandem ICA origin and intracranial occlusive lesions is presented. Endpoints measured were time to re-perfusion, rates of intracranial hemorrhage and clinical outcomes (mRS at 30 and 90 days).

Results

Average procedure time for revascularizing both the carotid and intracranial lesions was 52 min. A symptomatic ICH rate of 9% was observed. Seventy-four percent of patients had an mRS of 0–2 at follow-up.

Conclusions

The single-cross technique appears to be a safe and effective option for treating tandem occlusive lesions in the setting of ELVO.
Reconceptualizing civic education for young children: Recognizing embodied civic action
Authors: Payne Katherina A. , Adair Jennifer Keys , Colegrove Kiyomi Sanchez Suzuki , Lee Sunmin , Falkner Anna , McManus Molly , Sachdeva Shubhi
Published: July 2019

Traditional conceptions of civic education for young children in the United States tend to focus on student acquisition of patriotic knowledge, that is, identifying flags and leaders, and practicing basic civic skills like voting as decision-making. The Civic Action and Young Children study sought to look beyond this narrow vision of civic education by observing, documenting, and contextualizing how young children acted on behalf of and with other people in their everyday early childhood settings. In the following paper, we offer examples from three Head Start classrooms to demonstrate multiple ways that young children act civically in everyday ways. When classrooms and teachers afford young children more agency, children’s civic capabilities expand, and they are able to act on behalf of and with their community. Rather than teaching children about democracy and citizenship, we argue for an embodied, lived experience for young children.
Rape, inequality and the criminal justice response in England: The importance of age and gender
Authors: Walker Sarah-Jane Lilley , Hester Marianne , McPhee Duncan , Patsios Demi , Williams Anneleise , Bates Lis , Rumney Phil
Published: July 2019

This article draws upon quantitative and content analysis of 585 reports of rape recorded within two police force areas in England in 2010 and in 2014 tracking individual incidents to eventual outcome to examine the impact, if any, of intersecting inequalities on trajectories of rape cases reported to police. The data were collected as part of the wider Economic and Social Research Council funded Justice, Inequality and Gender-Based Violence research project which examined victim-survivor experiences and perspectives on justice. Building on existing distinctions between types of rape case based on the relationship between victim-survivor and accused, the results suggest age and gender are significant factors in how sexual violence, and the criminal justice system, is experienced. While younger women and girls were disproportionately affected by certain types of sexual violence case and more likely to come into contact with the criminal justice system compared to men and older women, they were not necessarily more likely to achieve a conviction. The findings also confirm that some of the most vulnerable victims-survivors of sexual violence, especially those with poor mental health, are still not achieving criminal justice. Victims-survivors from Black and minority ethnic group or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, queer groups are underrepresented within the criminal justice system, implying these groups are not seeking a criminal justice response in the same way as ‘white’ heterosexual victims-survivors.
Islamic radicalism that never was: Islamic discourse as an extension of the elite’s quest for legitimation. Azerbaijan in focus
Authors: Ismayilov Murad
Published: July 2019

Not unlike the global dynamics and the developments in the rest of Central Eurasia, Islamic discourse in Azerbaijan over the past two decades has not reflected the micro-level shifts in the country’s social-cultural landscape. Rather, it has been formed and evolved as a collateral product of the elite’s tactical pursuit of legitimation across domestic and international planes of power. Grounded in its quest for tactical and strategic survival, the elite’s pursuit of Western (and broader international) recognition, in particular, has stood at the core of the elite’s policies toward Islam and molded the confines of state-promoted Islamic discourse. The regime’s overall strategy has been to continuously reinforce the representation of Islam as an imminent danger to the stability and secular nature of Azerbaijani statehood, while positioning itself—in the eyes of both the “liberal,” “democratic” West and the secularized population at home—as the sole force capable of staving off the Islamic threat. At that, the narrative of Islamic radicalism in Azerbaijan has centered around three principal dynamics: the regime’s anti-hijab policies, the regime’s policies toward the settlement of Nardaran in Baku’s suburbs, and the activities of the Islamic Party of Azerbaijan (IPA). This article provides a closer look at all three to expose the elite’s intention of using these as their primary trigger mechanisms and reference points in the quest for Western—and secular domestic—legitimation and, as such, the pursuit of the negative representation of Islam as a threat to secularity and modern statehood.
Antitumor and Aedes aegypti Larvicidal Activities of Essential Oils From Piper klotzschianum, P. hispidum, and P. arboreum
Authors: Lima Rafaely N. , Ribeiro Adauto S. , Santiago Gilvandete M.P. , Costa Cinara O. d´S. , Soares Milena B. , Bezerra Daniel P. , Shanmugam Saravanan , Freitas Lisiane dos S. , Alves Pericles B.
Published: July 2019

The chemical constituents of essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from Piper klotzschianum, P. hispidum, and P. arboreum, collected from the remaining Atlantic forest in Sergipe State, were characterized and submitted to cytotoxic and larvicidal activity assays. The major constituents identified (stems, fresh, and dried leaves) were ( E)-caryophyllene (16.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (21.6%). Germacrene D (22.8%) was identified only in P. klotzschianum and P. hispidum. A high percentage of β-pinene (27.2%) and α-pinene (7.2%) were present in P. klotzschianum stems and δ-3-carene in the fresh and dried leaves of P. hispidum (17.4% and 19.1%, respectively). Piper klotzschianum showed the best cytotoxic activity, inhibiting human hepatocellular carcinoma (27.3 µg/mL), human promyelocytic leukemia (33.8 µg/mL), and murine melanoma (37.9 µg/mL) cell lines. Larvicidal activity was also tested and the essential oil from the dried leaves of P. klotzschianum was the most potent against Aedes aegypti larvae, with an LC50 value of 122.4 µg/mL.
Journalists and Editors: Political Proximity as Determinant of Career and Autonomy
Authors: Ceron Andrea , Splendore Sergio , Hanitzsch Thomas , Thurman Neil
Published: July 2019

Political economy suggests that media owners try to influence the process of media production by providing career incentives to like-minded journalists and adjusting the level of professional autonomy granted to them. Accordingly, we analyze whether the political distance between editors and journalists (i.e., reporters) affects the careers of journalists in terms of rank and salary, as well as their perceived professional autonomy. We hypothesize that editors reward and allow freedom to journalists whose political viewpoints coincide more precisely with their own. Political proximity to editors should lead to a better salary and rank for reporters and to a stronger perception of editorial autonomy among reporters. We tested our hypotheses through statistical analysis using data from the Worlds of Journalism Study. We analyzed the answers of 3,087 journalists interviewed between 2012 and 2016 in six European countries: Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The results support our hypotheses. The analysis reveals a polarization of media outlet editors, and robust results were achieved via a measure of political proximity that takes into account the particular influence of left-leaning and right-leaning editors. Such partisan leaning, however, seems less relevant in countries belonging to Hallin and Mancini’s Atlantic model.
Prison and the brain: Neuropsychological research in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Ligthart Sjors , van Oploo Laura , Meijers Jesse , Meynen Gerben , Kooijmans Tijs
Published: July 2019

Prison is by its nature a deliberately impoverished environment, with few physical, mental and social activities. Various studies have shown negative effects of an impoverished environment on animal as well as human brain functions. A recent study in a Dutch remand prison showed that brain functions connected with self-regulation decline after 3 months of imprisonment. Reduced self-regulation appears to be a risk factor for recidivism. In this article, we examine the legal implications of these neuropsychological findings in a European context. Firstly, we analyse these results in the light of the principle of rehabilitation as interpreted in case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Secondly, we explore how the neuropsychological insights could be relevant in the context of the prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment (Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)). We argue that if the impoverished prison environment hampers rehabilitation, states are positively obliged to take appropriate measures to counter these effects. Ultimately, negative effects on brain functioning by impoverished prison environments could even raise an issue under Article 3 ECHR. Furthermore, we argue that neuropsychological insights have to be taken into account when establishing the threshold according to which the European Court on Human Rights judges prison conditions. We conclude that in the light of these considerations further research on the neuropsychological effects of the prison environment is required.
Factors driving the adoption of Facebook in higher education
Authors: Arteaga Sánchez Rocío , Cortijo Virginia , Javed Uzma
Published: July 2019

Social network sites in general, and Facebook in particular, allow users with common interests to meet, share ideas, and collaborate, creating new forms of informal learning. In order to understand and eventually take advantage of the many benefits that Facebook can bring to the academic world, we need to study its adoption process. The objective of this article is to identify the factors that may motivate university students to adopt and use Facebook as an educational tool. We aim to contribute to the existing literature by adding a unique approach to examine this question, incorporating theories and constructs from the well-developed technology acceptance theory. According to our results, Performance Expectancy of Students is the most important factor on predicting the Behavioral Intention to Use Facebook for academic purposes, followed by Appropriateness for Academic Setting and Compatibility With Academic Work.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in a large metropolitan area: synergistic effect of exposure to air particulates and high temperature
Authors: Tobaldini Eleonora , Iodice Simona , Bonora Rodolfo , Bonzini Matteo , Brambilla Annamaria , Sesana Giovanni , Bollati Valentina , Montano Nicola
Published: July 2019

Aims

Air pollution and climate change are intrinsically linked to emerging hazards for global health. High air particulate matter (PM) levels may trigger out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). High temperature could act synergistically with PM in determining OHCA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PM exposure alone, and in combination with temperature, on the risk of OHCA, in a large European metropolitan area with population >4 million.

Methods

We evaluated the association between short-term PM exposure, temperature, and the risk of OHCA over a two-year study period, allowing us to investigate 5761 events using a time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a distributed lag non-linear model.

Results

Higher risk of OHCA was associated with short-term exposure to PM10. The strongest association was experienced three days before the cardiac event where the estimated change in risk was 1.70% (0.48–2.93%) per 10 µg/m3 of PM. The cumulative exposure risk over the lags 0–6 was 8.5% (0.0–17.9%). We observed a joint effect of PM and temperature in triggering cardiac arrests, with a maximum effect of 14.9% (10.0–20.0%) increase, for high levels of PM before the cardiac event, in the presence of high temperature.

Conclusion

The present study helps to clarify the controversial role of PM as OHCA determinant. It also highlights the role of increased temperature as a key factor in triggering cardiac events. This evidence suggests that tackling both air pollution and climate change might have a relevant impact in terms of public health.
Metformin as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment
Authors: Roshan Mohsin HK , Shing Yan K , Pace Nikolai P
Published: July 2019

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in females. It is an etiologically complex disease driven by a multitude of cellular pathways. The proliferation and spread of breast cancer is intimately linked to cellular glucose metabolism, given that glucose is an essential cellular metabolic substrate and that insulin signalling has mitogenic effects. Growing interest has focused on anti-diabetic agents in the management of breast cancer. Epidemiologic studies show that metformin reduces cancer incidence and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo research provides intriguing insight into the cellular mechanisms behind the oncostatic effects of metformin. This article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms in which metformin may elicit its anti-cancerous effects and discuss its potential role as an adjuvant in the management of breast cancer.
Comparison of body composition analysis methods among centenary women: Seeking simpler methods
Authors: Duarte Mariana GF , Duarte Paulo O , Pelichek Anderson , Ferriolli Eduardo , Moriguti Julio C , Pfrimer Karina , Lima Nereida KC
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most commonly used body composition tools in clinical practice, such as anthropometry and electrical bioimpedance, and compare it with deuterium oxide.

Methods:

An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on women aged 100 years or above at home. Body composition was determined by measuring skinfolds (Jackson and Pollock and Durnin and Womersley equations), by bioimpedance, and by the deuterium oxide method.

Results:

Body mass index values were lower than 22 kg/m2 in 64% of the subjects. When the various methods used were compared with deuterium oxide, there was better agreement for the determination of fat mass than lean mass. For fat mass, agreement was better when using bioimpedance (Lin’s coefficient = 0.70), whereas for lean mass, agreement was better using the Durnin and Womersley equation (Lin’s coefficient = 0.51).

Conclusion:

It is possible to use bioimpedance and skinfolds to evaluate fat mass and lean mass, respectively, in centenarians.
Genes for anti-Müllerian hormone and androgen receptor are underexpressed in human cumulus cells surrounding morphologically highly graded oocytes
Authors: Dević Pavlić Sanja , Tramišak Milaković Tamara , Panić Horvat Linda , Čavlović Kristina , Vlašić Hrvoje , Manestar Miljenko , Smiljan Severinski Neda , Radojčić Badovinac Anđelka
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes crucial for the quality of the oocyte and whether expression levels of these genes in cumulus cells can be biological markers for the quality of the oocyte, zygote or embryo, or even for achievement of pregnancy after the assisted reproductive technology procedure. We examined the expression profile of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene and its respective receptors: anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (AMHR2), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and androgen receptor (AR) in cumulus cells (CCs) surrounding the oocyte, as well as AMH concentrations in follicular fluid of the associated follicle. The obtained gene expression levels were correlated with the morphological quality of the associated oocyte, zygote and embryo as well as with assisted reproductive technology outcome following the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure.

Methods:

This study involved 129 cumulus cells and 35 follicular fluid samples, taken from 58 patients undergoing the intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure. Oocytes, zygotes and embryos were assessed for morphological quality. The relative gene expression of AMH, AMHR2, FSHR and AR was calculated using the delta–delta Ct method. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in follicular fluids were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

The results yielded suggest a relationship between AMH, AR and oocyte morphology: AMH and AR gene expression levels in CCs surrounding morphologically optimal oocytes were significantly lower than in CCs surrounding oocytes with suboptimal morphology (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between mRNA expression levels of AMH and FSHR (p < 0.001), AMH and AR (p = 0.001), AMHR2 and FSHR (p < 0.001), AMHR2 and AR (p < 0.001), as well as between FSHR and AR (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Assessed results point to AMH and AR relation with oocyte maturity, but not with its fertilization potential, or with embryo quality.
Implementation of the goal-setting components in popular physical activity apps: Review and content analysis
Authors: Baretta Dario , Bondaronek Paulina , Direito Artur , Steca Patrizia
Published: July 2019

Objective

Goal setting is an effective strategy to promote physical activity. Commercial apps that tackle physical activity often include goal setting; however, it is unknown whether the implementation of the goal-setting components is congruent with the theory. This study evaluated the quality of goal setting in popular free and paid physical activity apps by assessing the presence of effective goal-setting components.

Methods

A six-item scale was developed based on the goal-setting literature and used for coding each app for the presence/absence of goal-setting components (i.e. specificity, difficulty, action planning, timeframe, goal evaluation and goal re-evaluation). Cohen’s Kappa was used to evaluate inter-rater reliability for each scale item. The number of goal-setting components included in the 40 apps was calculated and the difference between free and paid apps was assessed.

Results

All scale items achieved satisfactory inter-rater reliability except ‘goal evaluation’. The most frequently included goal-setting components in popular physical activity apps were ‘goal specificity’ (95% of the apps) and ‘goal timeframe’ (67.5%). Conversely, only 47.5% and 25% of the apps implemented ‘action planning’ and ‘goal difficulty’, respectively, and none included ‘goal re-evaluation’. No differences emerged between free and paid apps.

Conclusions

The quality of the goal-setting strategy in popular physical activity apps could be improved by introducing components scarcely implemented to date. In particular, tailoring the goal difficulty to the users’ ability level and re-evaluating the goals based on achievements should be implemented to increase the quality of goal setting.
Sourcing and Automation of Political News and Information During Three European Elections
Authors: Neudert Lisa-Maria , Howard Philip , Kollanyi Bence
Published: July 2019

Voters increasingly rely on social media for news and information about politics. But increasingly, social media has emerged as a fertile soil for deliberately produced misinformation campaigns, conspiracy, and extremist alternative media. How does the sourcing of political news and information define contemporary political communication in different countries in Europe? To understand what users are sharing in their political communication, we analyzed large volumes of political conversation over a major social media platform—in real-time and native languages during campaign periods—for three major European elections. Rather than chasing a definition of what has come to be known as “fake news,” we produce a grounded typology of what users actually shared and apply rigorous coding and content analysis to define the types of sources, compare them in context with known forms of political news and information, and contrast their circulation patterns in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. Based on this analysis, we offer a definition of “junk news” that refers to deliberately produced misleading, deceptive, and incorrect propaganda purporting to be real news. In the first multilingual, cross-national comparison of junk news sourcing and consumption over social media, we analyze over 4 million tweets from three elections and find that (1) users across Europe shared substantial amounts of junk news in varying qualities and quantities, (2) amplifier accounts drive low to medium levels of traffic and news sharing, and (3) Europeans still share large amounts of professionally produced information from media outlets, but other traditional sources of political information including political parties and government agencies are in decline.
Effects of a digital educational intervention on collaborative learning in nursing education: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Männistö Merja , Mikkonen Kristina , Vuopala Essi , Kuivila Heli-Maria , Virtanen Mari , Kyngäs Helvi , Kääriäinen Maria
Published: July 2019

Collaborative digital learning is becoming increasingly popular in higher education. However, the use of collaborative digital learning does risk placing too big a responsibility on the learner and reducing face-to-face interaction with the educator. The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effects of a digital educational intervention on collaborative learning in nursing education. The intervention group ( n = 87) studied using a collaborative digital learning environment and the control group ( n = 38) studied in the traditional classroom setting. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of student satisfaction. However, the students' satisfaction of studying decreased in the intervention group after completion of the course. In the intervention group students had higher satisfaction in the area of promoting collaborative group work and received statistically significant higher grades in the final course evaluation. This study emphasizes that collaborative digital learning can be an effective approach in nursing education in terms of learning outcomes. It also shows that more study is needed on the role of the teacher in collaborative digital nursing education.
The complexities of managing gendered violence in an English probation setting
Authors: Goldhill Rachel
Published: July 2019

Examined in this article are two cases of women who have committed offences causing serious harm to others. Responses from probation practitioners are explored in the context of the women also being viewed as victims of extreme, long-term abuse and subsequent trauma. Organisational pressures and practitioners’ personal values are analysed to see in what ways interventions attempt to balance individuals’ offending and victimisation aspects, whilst also being mindful of traumatising effects of the criminal justice system itself and the impact on practitioners.
Lung Cancer Patient and Caregiver Health Vulnerabilities and Interest in Health Promotion Interventions: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nightingale Chandylen L , Steffen Laurie E , Tooze Janet A , Petty William , Danhauer Suzanne C , Badr Hoda , Weaver Kathryn E
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Lung cancer patients and their caregivers are at risk for negative health behaviors and poor psychosocial functioning, but few interventions exist that target this population. To inform intervention development, we explored potential targets and interest and concordance in health promotion interventions among lung cancer patients and their caregivers.

Methods

Lung cancer patients (n = 18) with a smoking history and their caregivers (n = 15) participated in a cross-sectional, observational survey study (an average of 1 month postdiagnosis) to assess health behaviors, psychosocial functioning, and interest in health promotion interventions. Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests examined factors associated with intervention interest. McNemar’s test examined concordance in interest.

Results

Many caregivers (40%) reported providing care at least 4 days per week, and over half (53.3%) reported a smoking history. Patients reported high cancer self-blame (mean = 3.1, standard deviation = 0.9, range = 1–4). Patients (55.6%) and caregivers (60%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. There was high interest and concordance in interest in cancer education (patients, 77.8%; caregivers, 86.7%) and diet and exercise (patients, 66.7%; caregivers, 80%) interventions. Significantly more caregivers were interested in stress reduction (patients, 53.3%; caregivers, 73.3%; P = .05) and yoga (patients, 16.7%; caregivers, 50%; P = .03) than patients. Caregivers interested in stress reduction interventions had higher levels of distress than those not interested.

Discussion

Health promotion interventions are needed and of interest to lung cancer patients and caregivers. Shared interests in interventions suggest dyadic interventions may be appropriate, yet interventions should also address distinct patient and caregiver needs.
Gig Workers
Authors: Randolph Susan A.
Published: July 2019

Occupational health nurses can ensure that gig workers are aware of health and safety requirements, receive appropriate training for the job, and use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Double Crisis: Sport Mega Events and the Future of Public Service Broadcasting
Authors: Lünich Marco , Starke Christopher , Marcinkowski Frank , Dosenovic Pero
Published: July 2019

Covering sport mega events is a pivotal strategy for public service broadcasting (PSB) to claim audience support and public legitimacy. However, these mega events are subject to considerable controversy due to their association with doping or corruption. This raises the question for the PSB of how to satisfy the audience of the Olympic Games: by looking closely or by looking away? Conducting two empirical studies, this article investigates how German public service broadcasters reported the sociopolitical problems related to the 2016 Olympic Summer Games and whether the coverage has met the expectations of the audience. The results of a content analysis suggest that a substantial amount of coverage was dedicated to the problematic aspects of the Games. A conjoint analysis shows that German public service broadcasters did not meet the expectations of different audience segments: Neither the core audience nor event-driven spectators and certainly not the outsiders of media sports were fully satisfied by the Olympic program menu of German PSB.
Orthostatic Hypotension Following Cervical Spine Surgery: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Ong Edward Tien-En , Yeo Lincoln Kai-Pheng , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: July 2019

Study Design:

Retrospective case series.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.

Methods:

Data was collected from records of 190 consecutive patients who underwent cervical spine procedures at our center over 24 months. Statistical comparison was made between patients who developed postoperative OH and those who did not by analyzing characteristics such as age, gender, premorbid medical comorbidities, functional status, mechanism of spinal cord injury, preoperative neurological function, surgical approach, estimated blood loss, and length of stay.

Results:

Twenty-two of 190 patients (11.6%) developed OH postoperatively. No significant differences in age, gender, medical comorbidities, or premorbid functional status were observed. Based on univariate comparisons, traumatic mechanism of injury ( P = .002), poor ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) grades (A, B, or C) ( P < .001), and posterior surgical approach ( P = .045) were found to significantly influence occurrence of OH. Among the significant variables, after adjusting for mechanism of injury and surgical approach, only ASIA grade was found to be an independent predictor. Having an ASIA grade of A, B, or C increased the likelihood of developing OH by approximately 5.978 times ( P = .003).

Conclusion:

Our study highlights that OH is not an uncommon manifestation following cervical spine surgery. Patients with poorer ASIA grades A, B, or C were more likely to have OH when compared with those with ASIA grades D or E (43.5% vs 7.2%). Hence, we suggest that postural blood pressure should be routinely monitored in this group of patients so that early intervention can be initiated.
Reconstruction of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Biomechanical Comparison of a Novel Anatomic Technique to the Docking Technique
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Bernard Christopher , Benavitz Bill , Konicek John , Altchek David W. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: July 2019

Background:

In recent years, understanding of the anatomy of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) has evolved, demonstrating that the insertional footprint of the UCL on the ulna is more elongated and distally tapered than previously described. Current UCL reconstruction configurations do not typically re-create this native anatomy, which may represent a potential area for improvement.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purposes of this study were (1) to describe a novel anatomic UCL reconstruction technique designed to better replicate the native UCL anatomy and (2) to biomechanically compare this with the docking technique. The hypothesis was that the ultimate load to failure for the anatomic technique would not be inferior to the docking technique.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 16 fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities (8 matched pairs) were utilized. One elbow in each pair was randomized to receive UCL reconstruction via the docking technique or the novel anatomic UCL reconstruction technique with palmaris tendon autograft. Following reconstruction, biomechanical testing was performed by applying valgus rotational torque at a constant rate of 5 deg/s until ultimate mechanical failure of the construct occurred. Maximal torque (N·m), rotation stiffness (N·m/deg), and mode/location of failure were recorded for each specimen.

Results:

The mean ultimate load to failure for elbows in the docking technique group was 23.8 ± 6.1 N·m, as compared with 31.9 ± 8.4 N·m in the anatomic technique group ( P = .045). Mean rotational stiffness was 1.9 ± 0.7 versus 2.3 ± 0.9 N·m/deg for the docking and anatomic groups, respectively ( P = .338). The most common mode of failure was suture pullout from the graft, which occurred in all 8 (100%) docking technique specimens and 7 of 8 (88%) specimens that underwent the anatomic UCL reconstruction technique.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, the anatomic UCL reconstruction technique demonstrated superior strength and resistance to valgus torque when compared with the docking technique, and this was comparable with that of the native UCL from prior studies. Increased initial strength may allow for earlier initiation of throwing postoperatively and potentially shorten return-to-play times.

Clinical Relevance:

Current UCL reconstruction techniques do not accurately reproduce the UCL insertional anatomy on the ulna. The novel anatomic technique described may result in more natural joint kinematics. This study demonstrated load-to-failure rates that are significantly higher than with the docking technique and consistent with the native ligament, as reported from previous studies. These findings may serve as a foundation for future clinical study and optimization of this technique.
Timely completion of multiple life-saving interventions for traumatic haemorrhagic shock: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Bade-Boon Jordan , Fitzgerald Mark C. , Beck Ben , Cameron Peter A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Early control of haemorrhage and optimisation of physiology are guiding principles of resuscitation after injury. Improved outcomes have been previously associated with single, timely interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the association between multiple timely life-saving interventions (LSIs) and outcomes of traumatic haemorrhagic shock patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of injured patients with haemorrhagic shock who presented to Alfered Emergency & Trauma Centre between July 01, 2010 and July 31, 2014. LSIs studied included chest decompression, control of external haemorrhage, pelvic binder application, transfusion of red cells and coagulation products and surgical control of bleeding through angio-embolisation or operative intervention. The primary exposure variable was timely initiation of ≥ 50% of the indicated interventions. The association between the primary exposure variable and outcome of death at hospital discharge was adjusted for potential confounders using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The association between total pre-hospital times and pre-hospital care times (time from ambulance at scene to trauma centre), in-hospital mortality and timely initiation of ≥ 50% of the indicated interventions were assessed.

Results

Of the 168 patients, 54 (32.1%) patients had ≥ 50% of indicated LSI completed within the specified time period. Timely delivery of LSI was independently associated with improved survival to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital death 0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.83; p = 0.028). This association was independent of patient age, pre-hospital care time, injury severity score, initial serum lactate levels and coagulopathy. Among patients with pre-hospital time of ≥ 2 h, 2 (3.6%) received timely LSIs. Pre-hospital care times of ≥ 2 h were associated with delayed LSIs and with in-hospital death (unadjusted OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.4–13.0).

Conclusions

Timely completion of LSI when indicated was completed in a small proportion of patients and reflects previous research demonstrating delayed processes and errors even in advanced trauma systems. Timely delivery of a high proportion of LSIs was associated with improved outcomes among patients presenting with haemorrhagic shock after injury. Provision of LSIs in the pre-hospital phase of trauma care has the potential to improve outcomes.
Medicinal food understanding in Korean gastronomic culture
Authors: Oktay Serdar , Ekinci Erhun Kemal
Published: July 2019

Korean food has countless health benefits and has been used for centuries to keep the body in balance. Food and medicine are usually considered as one and the same thing. The idea that health starts with food means that medical treatment should be tried if any effect is not seen after trying to treat all diseases first with food. In order to help balance the body energies, there are five elements in these foods, namely fire, wood, water, metal, and earth. The dishes of the Korean people are synonymous with being healthy and delicious. Over the years, they have evolved from the culture, country’s geography, and traditions of the people of the Korean peninsula under various effects. To keep the body warm and healthy, the Koreans have developed fermented foods that improve metabolism. Korean gastronomy has been established on healthy food. The Koreans do not eat food to become full. Foods are prepared and consumed to be healthy, healthy food is consumed in order to prevent diseases, and individuals who get sick aim to heal with foods and refer to using medications in case these methods are insufficient.
Riau Malay food culture in Pekanbaru, Riau Indonesia: commodification, authenticity, and sustainability in a global business era
Authors: Mardatillah Annisa , Raharja Sam’un Jaja , Hermanto Bambang , Herawaty Tety
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the commodification, authenticity, and sustainability of culinary legacy as an instance of intangible cultural legacy, as well as how to subsequently compete with excellence and sustainability in the midst of a modern, global era of business without the loss of authenticity value. Herein is revealed the application of true local culture amid commercialization and modernization, differentiating between the authenticity and that which is out-of-sorts with local identity. The controversy of contextualization, the discussion of what is necessary, and the commodification of traditional food, namely the traditional foods of Riau Malay, to respond to the demand of a global market, are areas of interest in this study, as well as how the traditional foods of Riau Malay may compete with excellence and sustainability in a global market while retaining its authenticity values. The methodology used in this research is qualitative phenomenological; the interviews were carried out from the informants who were cultural figures of Riau Malay, social figures, and business actors in the traditional Riau Malay food industry with resulting evidence that confirms the necessity of heritage value of traditional Riau Malay foods, commodification in the area of globalization, without necessitating any loss of authenticity elements. The cultural heritage of traditional Riau Malay foods is introduced in two different types, cake pastry and main course savory dishes, and divided into two categories, everyday cuisine and cuisine for ceremonies or rituals. Riau Malay natives have customs and culture involved in the preparation and processing; presentation and consumption of the food may also be seen in the efforts in preparing such a traditional menu. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the literature and research interest in food culture.