bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Institutional Quality on the Development of Sustainable Innovation: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Ibrahimi Agnesë , Krasniqi Besnik , Berisha Gentrit , Rexhepi Gadaf
Published: January 2025

What causes sustainable innovation has been the subject of recent academic and policy debate. This study examines whether the relationship between firm characteristics and sustainable innovation differs in European and non‐European countries with different institutional contexts. Drawing on institutional theory and leveraging data from the 2020 Eurobarometer survey involving 15,000 interviews in 36 European and non‐European countries, multilevel econometric analysis of firms in these countries reveals a robust connection between sustainable innovation and firm‐specific factors and institutional quality. We combine the firm‐level data from Eurobarometer 2020 with multiple sources of country‐level data to measure the impact of institutional quality on ‐sustainable innovation. Using a multilevel logistic regression model the findings indicate that small and medium‐sized enterprises tend to develop more sustainable innovations, and countries with superior institutional quality and institutional trust foster an environment conducive to sustainable innovation. The paper concludes with implications for theory and policy, suggesting how governments can influence the growth and development of sustainable innovation.
Using mixed methods in feasibility studies: The example of brief transactional analysis psychotherapy for depression
Authors: Vos Joel , van Rijn Biljana
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Few guidelines exist on how to conduct Phase 1 feasibility studies in psychological therapies. It may be theoretically argued that small‐size feasibility studies are best studied with mixed methods. The primary aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of using mixed methods in feasibility studies. The secondary aim was to systematically explore the feasibility of a 16‐session treatment manual in transactional analysis psychotherapy (TAP) for depression developed in a prior Phase 0 study.

Method

Nine clients received therapy from three therapists, and sample characteristics were described using flowcharts and sociodemographic statistics. Interviews were conducted with clients and therapists to explore subjective experiences of changes and processes in therapy. Psychometric instruments measured the impact on mental health, quality of life and TAP‐specific outcomes. Therapist learning effects were examined through self‐reported TAP‐specific competencies. The analyses included reflexive thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, t‐tests and repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

The results indicated that the clients experienced important changes, such as self‐insight, better coping strategies, self‐confidence and boundaries, mainly attributed to TAP and facilitated by helpful factors in TAP. Significant differences were reported in outcome measures, and analyses indicated increased competency in TAP‐specific skills. No negative side effects were mentioned.

Discussion

This study provides evidence for the feasibility of TAP for depression and the feasibility of using mixed methods in feasibility studies. Future researchers may want to use similar comprehensive mixed methods designs.
Dry crude pomegranate peel extract as a bio‐input for medicinal pharmaceutical gel with healing activity
Authors: Melo Rita Cristina , Mantovanelli Vitória , Ferreira Daiana , de Paula Geanne , Romagna Rodrigo , Monteiro Jéssica , Santos Mario F. C. , Severi Juliana , Resende Juliana , Boeloni Jankerle , Kitagawa Rodrigo , Meira Eduardo , Villanova Janaina
Published: January 2025

The sustainable use of pomegranate peel, a by‐product of the food industry, is gaining importance in developing pharmaceutical bio‐inputs, aligning with circular economy practices and waste reduction. This study explores the application of dry crude pomegranate peel extract (PPE) as a bio‐input for medicinal gels with wound healing properties. PPE was extracted via percolation in ethanol and freeze‐dried. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry identified key bioactive compounds: gallic acid, punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, and citric acid, recognized for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties. In vitro assays revealed low hemolytic activity, non‐cytotoxicity, significant fibroblast proliferation, and robust antioxidant activity (95.99% DPPH scavenging at 100 µg/mL). A carbomer gel containing 2.5% w/w of the extract effectively healed wounds in rats, with performance comparable to silver sulfadiazine ointment, while demonstrating no microbial contamination during the process. These findings position PPE as a promising, sustainable, and effective alternative for wound care pharmacotherapy, addressing both medical needs and environmental sustainability.
Iron‐Salen Complexes for Hydroboration of Ketones: Enhancing Reactivity via Ligand Modulation at the Phenylene Bridge
Authors: T. L. Anjima , Nesri P. Thesleema , Swamy P. Chinna Ayya
Published: January 2025

Two iron salen complexes, Fe─di─F and Fe─di─Me, have been synthesized by incorporating substituents that possess distinct electronic properties to the phenyl diimine bridge of salen ligands, aiming to enhance the catalytic efficiency. These structural modifications enabled the di‐fluoro substituted precatalyst, Fe─di─F, to exhibit a significant improvement in hydroboration of ketones. A diverse range of ketones were selectively hydroborated in the presence of various functional groups, even at minimal catalyst loading. The incorporation of fluorine atoms into the salen ligand proved to be a highly effective approach for boosting the catalytic efficiency of iron salen complexes in hydroboration reactions.
Advances in Programmable Control of Ostwald Ripening for Tailoring Material Properties: Challenges, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Qiyang , Liu Qianwei , Cui Jiaxi
Published: January 2025

During the past decade, enlightened by the better understanding of the mechanism of Ostwald ripening (OR), programmable control of OR process have gained popularity in the fields from nanocrystals to bulk materials in virtue of its important on regulating the structural and chem‐physical properties. In this perspective, we systematically summarize the up‐to date advanced applications of OR process involved in nanomaterials and bulk material properties. The potential challenges and perspectives for further research are highlighted. We envision that such research directions will be a base for future work and have a bright future especially for material science.
Antibacterial studies of vitamin E encapsulated lemongrass oil nanoemulsions against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Prakash Veda , Nair Vaishakh , Parida Lipika
Published: January 2025

The current study assessed the antibacterial properties of vitamin E nanoemulsions, synthesized using a low‐energy phase inversion emulsification method. The nanoemulsions were characterized through particle size analysis, and their antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disc diffusion method. The mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vitamin E nanoemulsions demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. Specifically, the zone inhibition diameters for S. aureus and E. coli increased by 5.68 times and 2.61 times, respectively, compared to the pure vitamin E component. The incorporation of Tween 80 as a surfactant resulted in a reduction of the antibacterial properties of the nanoemulsions. Furthermore, the study found that the vitamin E encapsulated lemongrass oil nanoemulsion demonstrated higher antibacterial activity to S. aureus and E. coli when compared to other nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions exhibited significantly greater resistance to S. Aureus as compared to E. coli. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed that the nanoemulsions induced alterations in bacterial cell membrane permeability and surface characteristics. These results confirmed the mechanism of vitamin E nanoemulsions antibacterial activity and established a crucial base for their potential use in food matrices.
In Situ Mechanics of the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Orii Ryota , Tanimoto Hirokazu
Published: January 2025

Not only for man‐made architecture but also for living cells, the relationship between force and structure is a fundamental properties that governs their mechanical behaviors. However, our knowledge of the mechanical properties of intracellular structures is very limited because of the lack of direct measurement methods. We established high‐force intracellular magnetic tweezers that can generate calibrated forces up to 10 nN, enabling direct force measurements of the cytoskeleton. Using this method, we show that the strain field of the microtubule and actin meshwork follow the same scaling, suggesting that the two cytoskeletal systems behave as an integrated elastic body. Furthermore, quantification of structural response of single microtubules demonstrates that microtubules are enclosed by the elastic medium of filamentous actin. Our results defining the force–structure relationship of the cytoskeleton serve as a framework to understand cellular behaviors by direct intracellular mechanical measurement.
In Vitro Formation of Actin Ring in the Fission Yeast Cell Extracts
Authors: Yoshihara Shogo , Nakata Takao , Kashiwazaki Jun , Aoyama Kazuhiro , Mabuchi Issei
Published: January 2025

Cytokinesis in animal and fungal cells requires the contraction of actomyosin‐based contractile rings formed in the division cortex of the cell during late mitosis. However, the detailed mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we aim to develop a novel cell‐free system by encapsulating cell extracts obtained from fission yeast cells within lipid vesicles, which subsequently leads to the formation of a contractile ring‐like structure inside the vesicles. Using this system, we found that an actin ring structure formed in vesicles of a size similar to that of fission yeast cells, with the frequency of ring appearance increasing in the presence of PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2). In contrast, larger vesicles tended to form actin bundles, which were sometimes associated with ring structures or network‐like structures. The effects of various inhibitors affecting cytoskeleton formation were investigated, revealing that actin polymerization was essential for the formation of these actin structures. Additionally, the involvement of ATP, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe PLK “Plo1,” and the small GTPase Rho was suggested to play a crucial role in this process. Examination of mitotic extracts revealed the formation of actin dot structures in phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. However, most of these structures disappeared in the presence of PIP2, leading to the formation of actin Rings instead. Using extracts from cells expressing α‐actinin Ain1 or myosin‐II light chain Rlc1, both fused with fluorescent proteins, we found that these proteins colocalized with actin bundles. In summary, we have developed a new semi‐in vitro system to investigate mechanisms such as cell division and cytoskeleton formation.
A 0.9‐V, 747‐nW Capacitively Biased Diode‐Based Single BJT Branch Bandgap Circuit
Authors: Hu Kewei , Tang Zhong , Lu Zhenghao , Nianxiong Tan Nick , Yu Xiaopeng
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a bandgap reference (BGR) circuit that combines the capacitively biased diode (CBD) structure and the proportional‐to‐absolute‐temperature (PTAT) voltage‐embedded amplifier has been proposed. In order to enhance compatibility with digital domain supply voltage and achieve low power consumption, the supply voltage of the circuit is set at , benefiting from the fact that both the CBD structure and the PTAT‐embedded amplifier can operate at sub‐1 V supply voltages. The circuit generates a complementary‐to‐absolute‐temperature (CTAT) voltage through the CBD structure. PTAT voltage is achieved by a PTAT‐embedded amplifier in a unity‐gain feedback configuration. The calibration of temperature coefficient (TC) is realized by applying a time‐domain trimming method through an on‐chip RC delay circuit. The reference clock frequency is a typical 32‐kHz crystal oscillator clock frequency, enabling high versatility of the circuit. Implemented in 0.13‐m CMOS, measurement results show that the proposed BGR achieves an average temperature coefficient of 28 ppm/°C over −40°C to 125°C, voltage accuracy of 0.25%, power supply rejection (PSR) of , with an active area of , and a power consumption of .
Intrarenal pressure monitoring via flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath in retrograde intrarenal surgery: A preclinical animal study and a pilot clinical study
Authors: Zhu Wei , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Cao Jianwei , Chai Chu Ann , Liu Shusheng , Du Jingzeng , Zhong Wen , Zhao Zhijian , Liu Yongda , Zeng Guohua
Published: January 2025

Background

Elevated intrarenal pressure (IRP) during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) can lead to deleterious complications. Emerging non‐invasive, real‐time IRP monitoring tools are proving crucial for enhancing procedural safety. This study evaluates a newly developed flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath (FANS) with IRP monitoring capabilities through animal study and a clinical trial, assessing its accuracy and operational benefits.

Methods

A preclinical animal study and a prospective clinical trial involving 100 patients were conducted. The animal study confirmed the accuracy of IRP‐monitoring FANS, whilst the clinical trial compared its performance to conventional FANS in RIRS. The evaluated outcomes included the accuracy of IRP measurements, the irrigation flow rate, the duration of the operation, and the stone‐free rate (SFR). Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate tests with a significant threshold of p < .05. Registration for this study is recorded under the identifier NCT06729801 at ClinicalTrials.gov.

Results

In the animal study, IRP‐monitoring FANS demonstrated high accuracy in real‐time IRP measurement, comparable to percutaneous nephrostomy‐based monitoring. In the clinical study, IRP‐monitoring FANS enabled increased irrigation flow whilst maintaining safe IRP levels within 30 mmHg. Operative time was significantly shortened in IRP‐monitoring FANS group (50.9 vs. 67.6 min, p < .01), with similar SFRs between groups. No notable discrepancies in the rates of complications were observed.

Conclusions

The IRP‐monitoring FANS improves stone retrieval efficiency and shortens operative time whilst ensuring safety through real‐time IRP monitoring. This novel device marks a major improvement in both the safety and effectiveness of RIRS for managing large renal stones.
Enantioselective Construction of Tetrahydro‐α‐Carbolines via Organocatalytic Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation/N‐Hemiacetalization of 2‐Aminoindoles with Enals
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Ding Xiang‐Feng , Liu Yang‐Zi , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: January 2025

An efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel‐Crafts alkylation/N‐hemiacetalization reaction of 2‐aminoindoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed. By incorporating an amino group at the C2 position of indole, the nucleophilicity of the C3 position of indole and the amino group were leveraged to generate an enamine‐type ternary synthon. This approach enabled the construction of a range of chiral tetrahydro‐α‐carboline skeletons with potential biological activity, delivering moderate to excellent yields (46–83 %) and achieving outstanding enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee).
Accelerating Analysis and Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Battery State of Health
Authors: David Huang Kuohsiu , Nguyen Minh‐Khoa , Yang Cheng‐Jung , Chen Po‐Tuan
Published: January 2025

With the increase in green power generation and the construction of energy storage systems, the demand for lithium‐ion batteries has also increased rapidly. Many lithium‐ion batteries are expected to be recycled in the future due to aging and decay, then being sorted and reused according to their status. However, the accuracy of the current equivalent circuit model predictions for screening and classifying recycled lithium‐ion batteries still needs improvement to ensure precise battery classification. This study develops a novel equivalent circuit model by measuring the electrochemical impedance inside the battery to fit the impedance. Subsequently, a trend line is established based on the fitting results and the trend line is finally used to predict and verify the state of health (SOH) of other identical retired lithium‐ion batteries. This approach makes the screening process for obsolete batteries faster and more precise. Through the prediction of SOH, the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model constructed herein is as high as 99.38%. The average overall prediction error is 2.57%, and the highest is only 3.58%. This study bridges the gap between experimental data and theoretical analysis, and contributes to advancing the understanding of degradation mechanisms and the management of electrochemical systems.
Intensity Measures for Short‐Period Structures and Their Non‐structural Components
Authors: Gerontati Angeliki , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

Selecting (near) optimal intensity measures (IMs) for seismic fragility assessment is fundamental for the accurate and unbiased assessment of risk. While moderate/long‐period structures benefit from a variety of well‐established options, short‐period structures and their non‐structural components (NSCs) present a more ambiguous scenario. Mainly driven by nuclear power plant studies, it is the peak ground acceleration (PGA) that has long been the default choice. Challenging this notion, we test IM candidates ranging from single‐period spectral acceleration (Sa) ordinates to geometric averages over a range of periods (AvgSa). Featuring both on‐ground NSCs and on‐structure ones, we encompass a spectrum of short‐period structures and short‐period components. Invariably, if one has the luxury of employing NSC‐specific IMs, Sa at the fundamental period of the component tends to yield the best results. In the more general case, though, certain AvgSa options whose period range starts at 0.01–0.10s and ends at 0.40–0.50s, provide a consistently improved (or at worst equal performance) compared to PGA, for a wide variety of NSCs with periods ranging from 0.05 to 0.90s.
Volatility in Carbon Futures Amid Uncertainties: Considering Geopolitical and Economic Policy Factors
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Jin Wenxin , Xu Baochang , Wang Kaihua
Published: January 2025

This study uses a quantile autoregressive distributed lag model to quantitatively evaluate the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) on volatility in carbon futures (carbon trading price [CTP]), considering both quantile and time asymmetries. The findings show that long‐term effects of GPR on CTP are more significant than the short‐term effects, contrary to EPU. Both EPU and GPR have predominantly positive long‐term effects on CTP, while EPU negatively affects CTP and geopolitical factors show mixed influences in the short term. The location asymmetry reveals that the long‐term impacts are most pronounced at higher quantiles, whereas the short‐term effects exhibit subtle variations across different quantiles. The influences intensify during structural shifts owing to heightened events. Moreover, EPU is proven as a dominant contributor influencing the fluctuation of CTP both in the short and long terms. The findings provide targeted recommendations for policymakers to stabilize CTP and contribute towards achieving sustainable development.
Risk Factors for Progressive Disease After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jang Seo Yoon , Lee Yun‐Gyoo , Chun Sang Hoon , Park Ji Hyun , Park Keon Uk , Chang Hyun , Lee Keun‐Wook , Kim Hye Ryun , Shin Seong Hoon , An Ho Jung , Lee Kyoung Eun , Hwang In Gyu , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Kim Sung‐Bae , Keam Bhumsuk
Published: January 2025

Background

This study analyzed the clinical features of patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), who developed progressive disease (PD) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 256 patients with R/M HNSCC treated with ICIs at 11 medical centers. Associations between the treatment outcomes―best response, overall survival, and progression‐free survival―and various clinical factors were analyzed.

Results

The objective response rate was 19.5% and PD was observed in 50.4% of the patients. A high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR > 4; HR, 2.20 [1.28–3.78]) and large tumor size (sum of the target lesions > 40 mm; HR, 1.74 [1.03–2.94]) were significant risk factors for PD. High NLR (HR, 2.00 [1.42–2.82]), poor performance status (ECOG PS 2–3; HR, 3.51 [2.04–6.05]), and large tumor size (HR. 1.63 [1.19–2.24]) were independently associated with poor overall survival.

Conclusions

Patients with high NLR and large tumor size are at higher risk of PD during ICI therapy.
Coronal alignment does not enable to predict the degree of femoral and tibial torsion
Authors: Grünwald Leonard , Schmidt Sophie , Ahrend Marc‐Daniel , Histing Tina , Döbele Stefan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Malalignment of the lower extremity can affect one, two or all three anatomic planes. We hypothesized an influence between the malalignment of the coronal and axial planes.

Methods

A total of 356 lower extremities of 226 patients were included. Femoral and tibial torsion were assessed in computer tomographic scans while frontal plane alignment was measured in long‐leg standing radiographs. The mechanical angles were for knee phenotyping according to the coronal plane alignment of the knee classification. The correlation between the coronal alignment and torsional profile was analyzed. The population was divided into three groups according to leg alignment (valgus, neutral, varus) and gender.

Results

As the coronal alignment changed from valgus to varus the tibial external torsion increased (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). Femoral internal torsion increased as well but only in the male subgroup (r = −0.34; p < 0.001). Both femoral internal torsion and tibial external torsion increased with higher mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) but were not related to mechanical medial proximal tibial angle. A distinct pattern of results concerning knee phenotypes in relation to femoral and tibial torsion was found.

Conclusion

Tibial torsion correlated with increasing varus alignment while both femoral and tibial torsion correlated with higher mLDFA, but the correlations were weak. Therefore, the coronal alignment does not enable to predict the degree of femoral and tibial torsion. This study demonstrates that an individual approach to each patient with lower limb malalignment is unavoidable.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Complications After Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Cancer: An ACS‐NSQIP Database Study
Authors: Wong Stephanie , Tang Liyang , Kwon Daniel , Swanson Mark , Kokot Niels C. , Sinha Uttam K. , Han Albert Y.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Prior studies have highlighted the risk of perioperative mortality due to catastrophic bleeding in patients receiving transoral surgery (TOS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Although the 30‐day mortality and morbidity remain low, understanding the risk factors associated with complications is still required. The goal of this study is to identify risk factors associated with complications after TOS for OPSCC using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database.

Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective cohort analysis of the ACS‐NSQIP database identified 3,489 patients undergoing TOS for OPSCC between 2010 and 2021. Preoperative risk factors were collected. The primary outcomes were 30‐day readmission, reoperation, hemorrhage, and death. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify preoperative risk factors associated with the primary outcomes.

Results

The mean age was 60.6 years, and 81.5% were male. There were 24 deaths (0.7% 30‐day mortality rate). The rates of readmission and reoperation were 8.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Smoking (OR = 1.440, 95% CI = 1.097–1.890) and CHF (OR = 3.525, 95% CI = 1.320–9.414) were associated with readmission. Diabetes and ASA 3+ increased the risk of both reoperation (diabetes: OR = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.110–6.468, ASA: OR = 1.701, 95% CI = 1.233–2.346) and hemorrhage (diabetes: OR = 3.488, 95% CI = 1.020–11.926, ASA: OR = 2.290, 95% CI = 1.394–3.764).

Conclusion

This study redemonstrated the safety of TOS for OPSCC, with low 30‐day readmission and reoperation rates. Smoking, diabetes, CHF, and ASA 3+ were important preoperative risk factors for complications.

Level of Evidence: 3. Laryngoscope, 2025
How ecological regimes and emergent macrophytes determine sediment microbial communities: A new insight into typical eutrophic shallow lakes
Authors: He Rujia , Zhao Dayong , Zhou Qi , Wu Qinglong L. , Zeng Jin
Published: January 2025

Understanding the response of microbial communities to different ecological regimes in eutrophic lakes and the underlying assembly mechanisms is of great significance for revealing the biodiversity maintenance mechanisms of lake ecosystems under alternative stable states. However, our current understanding of the response of sediment microbial communities under emergent macrophytes to regime shifts remains limited. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the asynchronous variations of littoral sediment bacterial and fungal communities, regarding the microbial diversities, assembly mechanisms, and inter‐kingdom interactions across three lake regional regimes: macrophyte‐dominated, transitional, and phytoplankton‐dominated. We found the alpha diversities of the bacterial and fungal communities showed opposite trends, as the transitional regime had the highest bacterial but lowest fungal diversities. Stochastic processes, dominated by dispersal limitation, determined fungal community assembly, whereas deterministic processes, especially variable selection, shaped the bacterial community. The highest number of species–environment interactions and proportion of intra‐kingdom interactions were observed in the co‐occurrence network of the transitional regime; however, this network had the lowest proportion of inter‐kingdom (bacteria–fungi) interactions among the three lake regional regimes. Furthermore, the macrophyte‐dominated regime was observed to have the most complex network structure and maintain the highest microbial community stability. The rhizosphere of Phragmites australis enhanced the inter‐kingdom interactions of bacterial and fungal communities. These findings provide a preliminary ecological perspective for understanding the hysteresis of regimes in response to environmental stress at the microbial community level and emphasize the importance of distinguishing ecologically distinct microbial taxa in future studies focused on alternative stable states.
Hsinmei (May) Lin on AI and process‐based learning
Authors: Arighi William
Published: January 2025

Hsinmei (May) Lin, PhD, is English Faculty and Faculty Professional Development Co‐coordinator at Edmonds College, a public community college in Washington. After developing faculty workshops focused on AI use in the classroom, and working closely with her students to think critically about the benefits and pitfalls of using AI in academic work, she sat down with William Arighi to talk about how we’re adapting to AI and how we might address ongoing challenges around equity and ethical AI use in higher education, particularly for faculty who emphasize process‐based learning. This conversation was conducted virtually through a questionnaire and video conference, and has been edited for length and clarity.
Looking Ahead at the 2025 Regulatory Agenda
Authors: Via Steve
Published: January 2025

In 2024, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized several rules that the drinking water community must now implement. These rules represent billions of dollars in additional capital and operational investment by public water systems across the United States.
Incidence of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with High‐Risk Neuroblastoma: A Single‐Institution Analysis
Authors: Srivatsa Shachi , Metzger Greg , Horvath Kyle , Patterson Kelli , Scruggs Megan , Bourgeois Tran , Stanek Joseph , Minneci Peter C. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Streby Keri A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, with about half of cases classified as high risk. Treatment varies by risk level, with high‐risk patients undergoing aggressive multimodal therapy. While long‐term survival has improved, survivors face significant risks of late treatment effects, including adrenal insufficiency. This study investigates the incidence of adrenal insufficiency among neuroblastoma patients of varying disease risk.

Procedure

This retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary children's hospital reviewed records from 1998 to 2021, identifying 370 neuroblastoma patients, with 137 having complete risk stratification. The primary outcome was the incidence of adrenal insufficiency, diagnosed via clinical evaluation, and compared by risk group.

Results

Among 137 patients with neuroblastoma, nine (12.0%) high‐risk and three (4.9%) non‐high‐risk patients were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency. The cumulative incidence of adrenal insufficiency at 3 years after neuroblastoma diagnosis was 9.9% in high‐risk and 3.5% in non‐high‐risk patients. Among high‐risk neuroblastoma patients with adrenal insufficiency, median time to adrenal insufficiency diagnosis was 10.2 months from neuroblastoma diagnosis, with cases more commonly occurring in patients with adrenal primary tumors (p = 0.0234). There were no other significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between high‐risk patients with and without adrenal insufficiency.

Conclusions

Adrenal insufficiency occurs more commonly in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma than in non‐high‐risk cases, particularly those with adrenal primary tumors. These findings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring and screening for adrenal insufficiency during and after treatment. Future research should include larger, multi‐institutional cohorts to better understand risk factors and optimize screening protocols.
Induced Sputum: A Valuable Tool for Assessing Cellular and Microbiological Characteristics in Cystic Fibrosis Expectorating Teenagers
Authors: Guedes M. , Frankel D. , Baron S. A. , Berbis J. , Stremler‐Le Bel N. , Baravalle‐Einaudi M. , Roll P. , Kaspi E. , Dubus J. C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cellular characteristics of induced sputum (IS) are not investigated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Objectives

This pilot study, conducted on 17 expectorating CF adolescents, compared sputa obtained the same day, in a stable period, by autogenic drainage (expectorating sputum, ES) and 4 h later after inhaling hypertonic saline (IS).

Results

No difference was noted concerning weight, volume, and percentage of dead cells between the two collection methods. Sample quality (< 50% of dead cells and < 20% squamous cells) was higher in the case of IS than ES (94.1% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.03), with a doubled cell count (p = 0.01), a higher proportion of alveolar macrophages (p = 0.03), and a lower proportion of squamous cells (p = 0.004). The detection of germs increased by 44% in IS samples, possibly modifying therapeutic management in 17.6% of the patients.

Conclusion

IS improves the quality and the microbiological detection of the sample, even among CF patients who spontaneously expectorate.
Differential activation of defense responses in cucumbers by adapted versus non‐adapted lineages of the cotton‐melon aphid
Authors: Yang Qinglan , Kang Hanwei , Ning Ganxi , Feng Jingjing , Xiao Xichen , Wan Zeyu , Hereward James P. , Wang Yongmo
Published: January 2025

Background

The cotton‐melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous pest damaging plants across over 100 families. It has multiple host‐specialized lineages, including one colonizing Malvaceae (MA) and one colonizing Cucurbitaceae (CU). The mechanisms underlying these host relationships remain unknown. Here, we compared defensive compounds, gene expressions and aphid susceptibility of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) that were infested with both lineages for up to 14 days.

Results

Total jasmonic acid (JA) remained constant in CU‐infested cucumbers while increased to a maximum of 19.11 folds at 1 dpi (days post infestation) in MA‐infested cucumbers. Total salicylic acid (SA) increased to a maximum of 4.42 folds at 7 dpi in MA‐infested cucumbers while increased to a maximum of 2.83 folds at 14 dpi in CU‐infested cucumbers. Reactive oxygen species were constantly higher in MA‐infested cucumbers than CU‐infested cucumbers at each time point. Genes involved in defense signaling, for example, MAPKs, PR‐1s, and WRKY, and genes involved in JA and SA biosynthesis, were largely up‐regulated in MA‐infested cucumbers compared with CU‐infested ones. Both lineages exhibited more stylet probing, less phloem ingestion, higher mortality, and less reproduction on MA‐infested cucumbers compared with CU‐infested ones.

Conclusion

MA lineage aphids elicited stronger defenses in cucumbers than the CU lineage aphids. A lack of salivary effectors specific to cucumbers most likely prevents MA lineage aphids from using cucumbers. Identifying lineage‐specific elicitors or effectors is therefore expected to unveil the molecular mechanisms of host specificity of this aphid. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of Different Steaming Degrees of Panax quinquefolius L. Based on GC‐IMS Combined With Machine Learning
Authors: Mi Yuzhang , Dong Hongjing , Wang Xiao , Liu Shuang , Jiang Min , Liang Qi , Chen Jian
Published: January 2025

Rationale

Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and a food, is usually processed into various products, including white PQ, red PQ (two‐ or three‐time steamed PQ), and black PQ (nine‐time steamed PQ). Previous studies demonstrated that volatile components (VOCs) were the important active substances of PQ, which had antibacterial, antiviral, and anti‐leukemia activities. However, most research had focused on ginsenosides, and few studies on the volatile components (VOCs) of PQ.

Methods

This study used gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry to analyze the variation of VOCs in PQ during steaming process. Further, machine learning algorithms were used to quickly identify the steaming degrees of PQ samples.

Results

A total of 58 VOCs were identified, and 20 featured components with significant changes in the content were screened, including 2‐methylundecanal, n‐propanol, and n‐octanol. Based on these 20 featured components, six machine learning algorithms were used to predict PQ samples with different steaming degrees. Among them, naive Bayes (NB) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) exhibited good predictive performance, demonstrating significant potential application. This study provided a reference for understanding the variation of VOCs in PQ during steaming and offered a simple, rapid, and low‐cost method for distinguishing the steaming degrees of PQ samples.
Persistent Classification: Understanding Adversarial Attacks by Studying Decision Boundary Dynamics
Authors: Bell Brian , Geyer Michael , Glickenstein David , Hamm Keaton , Scheidegger Carlos , Fernandez Amanda , Moore Juston
Published: January 2025

There are a number of hypotheses underlying the existence of adversarial examples for classification problems. These include the high‐dimensionality of the data, the high codimension in the ambient space of the data manifolds of interest, and that the structure of machine learning models may encourage classifiers to develop decision boundaries close to data points. This article proposes a new framework for studying adversarial examples that does not depend directly on the distance to the decision boundary. Similarly to the smoothed classifier literature, we define a (natural or adversarial) data point to be (γ, σ)‐stable if the probability of the same classification is at least for points sampled in a Gaussian neighborhood of the point with a given standard deviation . We focus on studying the differences between persistence metrics along interpolants of natural and adversarial points. We show that adversarial examples have significantly lower persistence than natural examples for large neural networks in the context of the MNIST and ImageNet datasets. We connect this lack of persistence with decision boundary geometry by measuring angles of interpolants with respect to decision boundaries. Finally, we connect this approach with robustness by developing a manifold alignment gradient metric and demonstrating the increase in robustness that can be achieved when training with the addition of this metric.
A Comparative Analysis of Deepfake Detection Methods Using Overlapping Multiple Dynamic Images
Authors: Purevsuren Enkhtaivan , Sato Junya , Akashi Takuya
Published: January 2025

Deepfake technology, which uses artificial intelligence to create realistic fake images, audio, and videos, has raised significant concerns due to its potential for misuse and manipulation. The emergence of deepfake technology poses a significant threat to the integrity of digital content, necessitating robust detection mechanisms. This paper proposes a novel method for deepfake detection by combining Overlapping Multiple Dynamic Images (OMDI) and Inversed Overlapping Multiple Dynamic Images (I‐OMDI). Both representations capture temporal inconsistencies and subtle visual artifacts in fake videos by effectively utilizing spatial–temporal information. Our approach employs EfficientNetB7 as the backbone for feature extraction, enabling the model to distinguish between real and fake videos with high accuracy. By combining OMDI and I‐OMDI with a weighted average strategy, we amplify the strengths of each method. Specifically, we assign equal weights of 0.5 to OMDI and I‐OMDI based on their individual contributions to performance metrics. This balance yields substantial performance improvements across multiple datasets. When evaluated on the Celeb‐DF v2 and DFDC datasets, our proposed model achieves state‐of‐the‐art results, with an AUC score of 0.9952 on Celeb‐DF v2 and 0.9947 on DFDC. These results underscore the robustness of the combined OMDI and I‐OMDI methods in identifying deepfake videos. Furthermore, our model demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods, including those by Tran et al. and Heo et al., underscoring its effectiveness in practical deepfake detection applications. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Unraveling the impact of blood RANKL and OPG levels on Alzheimer's disease: Independent of bone mineral density and inflammation
Authors: Guo Xingzhi , Shi Wenzhi , Lu Juanjuan , Tang Peng , Li Rui
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Observational studies have revealed a close relationship between reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) system, pivotal in regulating bone metabolism, has been implicated in brain function, but the causal impact on AD risk remains unclear.

METHODS

We employed bi‐directional Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) approaches to elucidate the effect of blood soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG levels on AD, assessing whether this influence was independent of BMD and inflammation. Three distinct AD genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data sets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), UK Biobank (UKB), and FinnGen were utilized. Summary‐level data on blood sRANKL and OPG were sourced from deCODE Genetics.

RESULTS

Genetically predicted per standard deviation (SD) increase in blood sRANKL levels was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AD across all three AD GWAS data sets (IGAP: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72–0.94, p = 0.004; UKB: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78–0.91, p < 0.001; FinnGen: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73–0.94, p = 0.004). No significant causal relationship was observed between OPG levels and AD. In addition, there was no causal impact of AD on the blood levels of sRANKL and OPG. MVMR results showed that the inverse association between sRANKL and AD risk persisted after adjusting for BMD and interleukin‐1α and chemoattractant protein‐1.

DISCUSSION

Our study provides evidence that elevated sRANKL levels are causally linked to a reduced risk of AD, independent of BMD and inflammation. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between bone metabolism and AD.

Highlights

Blood soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (sRANKL) levels are linked to a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The association between sRANKL levels and AD is independent of bone mineral density (BMD) and inflammation.

No causal link exists between blood osteoprotegerin levels and AD.

AD does not affect blood levels of sRANKL or osteoprotegerin.
How to handle photos and videos
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: January 2025

About 10 years ago when I was conducting a FERPA workshop at a college, I pointed out that if an education record was identified as directory information by the college and the student had not exercised their right of non‐disclosure, you could disclose that information without obtaining the student's prior written consent.
Review: Lifting the Veil on Enrollment Management
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: January 2025

Because one of my specialties is enrollment management, I felt obligated to review the book, “Lifting the Veil on Enrollment Management,” edited by Stephen J. Burd.
Density Functional Theory in Forensic Science: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Mariotto Lívia Salviano , Rodrigues Caio Henrique Pinke , Mason Nigel John , Bruni Aline Thaís , Fantuzzi Felipe
Published: January 2025

Forensic science is evolving to tackle increasingly complex criminal investigations, where traditional methods may fall short. This review examines how computational chemistry enhances forensic techniques by providing detailed insights into molecular interactions, reaction mechanisms, and spectroscopic properties. A particular focus is placed on density functional theory (DFT), which has emerged as a powerful, cost‐effective tool that balances computational efficiency and accuracy, making it ideal for studying a wide range of forensic compounds without the need for physical samples. Applications discussed include the analysis of new psychoactive substances (NPS), detection of food adulterants, development of chemical sensors, and forensic examination of luminol for blood detection, fingerprint visualization, and the analysis of explosives. Key advances in various DFT functionals are highlighted, along with prospects for integrating DFT with machine learning and sustainable practices to further expand its impact in forensic science.
Konstruktion
Authors: Sehmer Julian
Published: January 2025

Im Kapitel „Konstruktion“ werden die im vorangegangenen Kapitel identifizierten Analyseeinstellungen aus den untersuchten Forschungsprogrammen in eine stringente forschungsmethodologische Heuristik überführt. Die „Dekonstruktion“ im vorangegangenen Kapitel versprach hier lediglich über die Analyse der Programme Fluchtlinien zur Untersuchung von Bezugnahmen und sozialen Normen zu identifizieren, erreichte aber durch die unterschiedlichen forschungsmethodologischen und theoretischen Grundlagen noch keine Passung, die diese einer empirischen Analyse zuführen könnte. Über die Konstruktion wird eine theoretisch – und dann auch forschungsmethodologisch – stringente Rahmung erzeugt, die es vermag, die jeweiligen Fluchtlinien zu einer Heuristik zu verknüpfen. Die theoretische Gegenstandskonstruktion bietet so eine Form der Deutung und Verbindung der jeweils identifizierten Elemente an, die abgesichert über den zirkulären Prozess am Material wie an ähnlichen Programmen, eine insofern erprobte Variante der Deutung der Zusammenhänge darstellt, die möglichst präzise zum Verständnis sozialer Normen für die sozialpädagogische Praxis beitragen kann. Die Konstruktion ist entsprechend durch die theoretischen Studien und die empirische Rekonstruktion angeregt und so in den zirkulären Prozess integriert. Sie ist selbst also letztlich Ergebnis auch der Rekonstruktion und nicht nur Vorarbeit auf dem Weg zur empirischen Erkenntnis. Als Ergebnis wird so abschließend eine theoretisch-forschungsmethodologische Heuristik zur Analyse der Bedeutung sozialer Normen in sozialpädagogischen Praxen präsentiert.
Measurement of the Vaginal Pressure Profile with the Femfit® and Leakage Events Using a Newly Developed Pad Test during Selected Sports Activities: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hagovská Magdaléna , Bukova Alena , Svihra Jan
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Hypothesis

Measuring changes in the vaginal pressure profile (VPP) with the Femfit® by JUNOFEM during various sports will help improve understanding of the magnitude of pressures generated during such activities and the pelvic floor’s response to those pressures. This could aid in selecting safe exercises for women with pelvic floor dysfunction. The primary aim of this study was to measure intravaginal pressure changes using a novel pressure sensor array (Femfit®) during high-risk sports activities in elite female athletes with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The secondary aim was to quantify the amount of urine leakage during these activities using a newly developed innovative pad weighing test (iPWT).

Methods

We used the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) to assess participants and measured the VPP using the Femfit® device during ground jumps, trampoline jumps, weightlifting, slow running and fast running. Urine leakage was assessed using the iPWT during the five sports activities.

Results

The highest VPP (53.7 ± 21.6 mmHg) was recorded during ground jumps, followed by trampoline jumps. The second-highest values (24.7 ± 8.1 mmHg) were measured during fast and slow running, while the lowest values were observed during weightlifting (11.6 ± 4.0 mmHg). Measurements of VPP during sporting activities revealed lower pressure values in elite female athletes with SUI than in those without SUI. The overall mean urine leakage in the SUI group during the five activities was 6.6 ± 1.8 g.

Conclusion

On the basis of the VPP and the newly developed iPWT, sports involving jumps and lunges have been identified as revealing SUI and should therefore be included in testing female athletes. The iPWT may prove suitable for measuring SUI in elite female athletes but requires further testing and validation. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT06224335.