bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Environmental Determinism Theory in international accounting: The need to reconceptualize it
Authors: AKSENT'EV Andrei A.
Published: March 2024

Subject. This article discusses the theoretical aspects of environmental determinism as a scientific trend in the field of international accounting.
Objectives. The article aims to show the inconsistency of current scientific approaches to the classification of international accounting systems.
Methods. The research is speculative. For the study, I used the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of collecting theoretical and regulatory information, the method of formalization, as well as analysis, synthesis, observation, and comparison.
Results. Based on the research, the article finds that at present there is no clear understanding of the need for accounting models. They do not reflect the specificities of national accounting systems, as classification approaches are based solely on one or a couple of environmental factors rather than on the system as a whole.
Conclusions and Relevance. The use of the existing accounting models, such as the Continental and Anglo-American ones, to characterize national accounting systems is misleading and does not reflect their institutional characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the theory of environmental determinism and resume accounting research in this area. Particular attention should be paid to the analysis of the positive and negative impact of international standards on the economies of foreign countries that have adopted them, and compare this experience with the Russian practices. The results of the work are a call to continue scientific research in the field of international accounting, in connection with which they are primarily addressed to the academic community, as well as researchers whose activities are focused on accounting and taxation, and to other interested persons who study international accounting.
Related entities disclosure in financial statements: A current status study
Authors: KULIKOVA Lidiya I. , MUKHAMETZYANOV Rinaz Z.
Published: March 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues of disclosure of information about related parties in accounting (financial) statements and meeting the needs of users.
Objectives. The article aims to study the compliance of economic entities with the requirements of certain provisions on the disclosure of information about related parties in accounting (financial) statements and assess the companies' information transparency level.
Methods. For the study, we used observation, comparison, generalization, and interpretation.
Results. The article analyzes the accounting (financial) statements of fifteen Russian organizations in the chemical, oil and gas, metallurgical and energy industries for 2022, compiled in accordance with RAS and posted on official websites in the public domain. The article identifies and describes various factors influencing the disclosure of information in accounting (financial) statements. It suggests ways to improve the disclosure of information on related parties.
Conclusions. The information disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements does not fully meet the needs of users. The article concludes that it is necessary to search for new formats of information disclosure, where professional judgment will be applied to the greatest extent.
Inflation on agricultural products and food stuff as a threat to food security (Based on the materials of the Siberian Federal District and the Krasnoyarsk Krai)
Authors: PARSHUKOV Denis V.
Published: March 2024

Subject. The article addresses the issues of economic availability of food for the population.
Objectives. The purpose is to develop measures to minimize negative effects of inflation and ensure sustainable access of the population to high-quality and affordable food products.
Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis.
Results. Measures to increase the affordability of food should include: regulating food prices and targeting food inflation, ensuring outstripping or commensurate with the rate of inflation growth of incomes of the population, improving the quality and accessibility of food stuff for low-income citizens.
Conclusions. Despite the growth of incomes of the population, food inflationary dynamics reduces the level of economic affordability of food products in the Siberian Federal District as a whole and in certain regions of Russia.
Foreign-economic activity business analytics implementation in the regional management system: The Altai Krai case
Authors: KOVALEVA Mariya A. , NEUPOKOEV Nikita Yu. , GALUST'YAN Evgeniya R. , VOLOSHIN Sergei B.
Published: March 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues of development of management decision-making systems and support for foreign economic activities of Russian companies.
Objectives. The article aims to develop an electronic system that can help assess the potential of the region for the export of goods and services.
Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical, comparative, statistical analyses, and graphical visualization.
Results. The article presents an author-developed analytical search system, which helps regional governments cover a larger number of potential recipients of public support measures, which is important from the point of view of bringing goods and services to foreign markets.
Relevance. The practical value of the proposed electronic system lies in the prompt conduct of business analysis with the help of new tools that help visualize and interpret the final results of the assessment of the potential of exporters.
Forecasting estimates of the economic complexity of Russian regions
Authors: AFANAS'EV Mikhail Yu. , GUSEV Aleksei A.
Published: March 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues of technological development of Russian regions and their differentiation by economic specialization.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for analyzing the level of development of the region based on data on the volume of production by sector of the economy and type of economic activity.
Methods. For the study, we used a regression analysis.
Results. The article presents the results of a comparison of indices of economic complexity, built on the basis of data on the volume of production by sector, and indices built on the basis of data on types of economic activity.
Relevance. The developed methodology for assessing the economic potential can be applied at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation when determining the most important areas of economic diversification.
SISTEM ALARM PADA KOTAK OBAT BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO
Authors: Wijayanti Linda , Mulyadi Melisa , Ghozali Theresia , Joevierdi Joevierdi
Published: March 2024

The right schedule for taking medication according to the frequency given by the doctor is one of the success factors of the treatment process. However, due to the patient's busy schedule and physical limitations of the patient as well as in the case of the elderly who are unable to carry out their normal activities, it is necessary to remind them to take medication regularly according to the doctor's prescription. The research method uses the waterfall model, which was developed by Pressman. The alarm system in this medicine storage box is designed to dispense medicine and sound an alarm at a predetermined time. Users only need to enter the medicine to be consumed by setting the frequency and time of the alarm. This system uses a real-time clock connected to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system data input comes from the matrix keypad to enter the alarm time and the light sensor to detect the presence of medicine. The output of the microcontroller controls the buzzer as an alarm and the solenoid valve to open the box containing the medicine to be taken at a pre-programmed time. From the test results obtained that the device can dispense medicine according to the frequency and time of the alarm that has been determined by the user.
Keywords: alarm; medicine storage box; Arduino Uno; real time clock
Abstrak
Jadwal minum obat yang tepat sesuai frekuensi yang diberikan dokter merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan dari proses pengobatan. Namun karena kesibukan dan keterbatasan fisik pasien maupun pada kasus lansia yang sudah tidak dapat beraktivitas secara normal, diperlukan pengingat waktu minum obat secara rutin sesuai resep dokter. Metode penelitian menggunakan model waterfall, yang dikembangkan oleh Pressman. Sistem alarm pada kotak obat ini dirancang untuk mengeluarkan obat dan membunyikan alarm pada waktu yang telah ditentukan.  Pengguna hanya perlu memasukkan obat yang akan dikonsumsi dengan mengatur frekuensi dan waktu alarm. Sistem ini menggunakan real time clock yang terhubung ke mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Masukan data sistem berasal dari keypad matrix untuk memasukkan waktu alarm dan sensor cahaya untuk mendeteksi adanya obat. Keluaran mikrokontroler mengendalikan buzzer sebagai alarm dan katup solenoida untuk membuka kotak yang berisi obat yang akan diminum pada waktu yang telah diprogram sebelumnya. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa alat dapat mengeluarkan obat sesuai dengan frekuensi dan waktu alarm yang telah ditentukan oleh pengguna.
SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES FOR FORECASTING NON-SCHEDULED PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORTATION
Authors:   National Aviation Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan, Institute of Information Technology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aghayev Nadir , Nazarli Dashqin ,   National Aviation Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: March 2024

Forecasting non-scheduled passenger air transportation demand is essential for effective operational planning and decision-making. In this abstract, we explore the use of Gaussian Support Vector Machines (SVM) methods in forecasting nonscheduled passenger air transportation processes. SVM is a type of supervised machine learning algorithm that can be applied to various domains, including nonscheduled passenger air transportation. In classification and regression tasks, SVMs are considered especially useful. SVMs can be used to forecast passenger demand for specific routes or flights. By analysing historical data, including factors such as time of day, day of the week, etc., SVMs can help airlines estimate future passenger demand. This method is crucial for optimising ticket pricing and managing seat inventory. This research proposes the implementation of different Gaussian SVM methods for the forecasting of non-scheduled passenger air transportation.
CYBERSECURITY RISKS MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors:   Institute of Information Technology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Shikhaliyev Ramiz H.
Published: March 2024

Industrial control systems (ICS) form the basis of critical infrastructures, managing complex processes in various sectors of industry, energy, etc. With the increasing frequency and complexity of cyber threats, effective management of ICS cybersecurity risks is critical. This paper is devoted to the analysis of approaches used in the field of cybersecurity risk management of automated process control systems. The study examines the cybersecurity risks of ICS and the role of international standards in managing cybersecurity risks. The results of the analysis carried out in this paper can serve as information for the development of new reliable cybersecurity risk management systems for ICS.
DATA GOVERNANCE IN GAMING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan, Hagverdiyev Farid G.
Published: March 2024

This article examines the role of Big Data Analytics and Data Governance in the gaming industry. It shows how Big Data Analytics has changed game design and player interaction, focusing on trends and player preferences, especially in free-to-play games. The importance of Data Governance is stressed for handling data responsibly, focusing on challenges like data quality, security, and legal rules like GDPR. Examples from Ubisoft, SEGA, and Kolibri Games show these concepts in action. Metavibes is another example of research in field of Data Governance. The article also looks at how the gaming industry is dealing with data issues, including using strong policies and better security. It predicts future trends in AI and blockchain in gaming. The piece highlights the need for ethical practices, like protecting player privacy, as key for trust in the industry. The article points out the vital impact of these technologies in advancing and growing the gaming world.
Formal Grammars Generating Fractal Descriptions of Molecular Structures
Authors:   Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Via Orabona 4-70125, Bari, Italy, Longo Savino ,   Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Bari Section - Via Amendola 122/D - 70125, Bari, Italy
Published: March 2024

Simple rewriting rules are used to produce alphanumeric strings that embed fractal number sequences and are directly translatable into descriptions of hydrocarbon structures of considerable complexity, featuring hierarchical schemes. Rotations of the alphanumeric strings lead to radical rearrangements of the corresponding structures, which lose their initial schemes and become much less predictable, featuring different topologies of polygonal cycles. This shows that a complex and not necessarily ordered molecular structure may nevertheless have a relatively low algorithmic complexity. The variety and versatility of reorganization in chemical topology, due to the nonlocal representation of bonds in the coding string, may have played a role in prebiotic chemistry.
HUBUNGAN WHOLE BODY VIBRATION DENGAN DISABILITAS LOW BACK PAIN PADA PENGEMUDI OJEK
Authors: Hadi Kusuma , Tjhin Purnamawati
Published: March 2024

Background. Low Back Pain (LBP) is a syndrome that occurs in the waist precisely in the lumbosacral region of the spine and belongs to the group of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It is estimated that around 43% of the entire Indonesian population experiences LBP. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a mechanical vibration produced by a vibrating field such as when a person drives. These vibrations can be transmitted throughout the body and become one of the risk factors for LBP disability, in addition to length of driving, age and Body Mass Index. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between WBV and NBP in online motorcycle taxi drivers. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design on 101 online motorcycle taxi drivers in the West Jakarta area. LBP disability data was obtained through filling out the Oswestry Dissability Index (ODI) questionnaire and measuring WBV was carried out with a vibration meter. The analysis was performed with a Chi-square test using SPSS version 27. Result. The age range of respondents is between 20-60 years with the largest population in the age range of 31-40 years (38.6%). Most respondents felt WBV in the extreme uncomfortable category (56.4%) and 72.28% of respondents experienced back pain disability in the severe to very severe category. Analysis of the relationship between WBV and LBP disability was obtained p = 0.001. Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between WBV and LBP disability. The greater exposed to WBV, people have the higher risk of developing LBP disability.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II: JOGO DA ROLETA NO ESTUDO DOS NÚMEROS INTEIROS
Authors: Beltrão Isabel do Socorro Lobato , Gomes Edilson Barroso , Santos Elton Márcio da Silva , Amoedo Francisca Keila Freitas , Souza Joerlen Alves de
Published: March 2024

O artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo que teve como objetivo investigar a eficácia do jogo matemático denominado roleta no ensino das operações básicas com números inteiros. O estudo se caracteriza de natureza qualitativa Creswell (2016), por se tratar de uma investigação que transcende o mero conhecer, suscitando compreensão de uma realidade a partir dos dados obtidos nas práticas pedagógicas com alunos do 7° ano de uma escola pública em Parintins. Os resultados das atividades desenvolvidas nas aplicações com o jogo matemático, indicam que o jogo da roleta dos inteiros deu a oportunidade aos alunos a compreenderem melhor os conceitos e diferenças de números positivos e negativos de uma forma lúdica e divertida.
The Plot of Passage in the Short Story by Teffi “And the Time Was no More”
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Prusakova Natalia V.
Published: March 2024

The article puts forward a new line of interpretation of the short story by Teffi “And the time was no more”. Based on the analysis of ways of overcoming the linear narrative by the author, a hypothesis is put forward about the implementation of the transition plot in the story. This type of plot is interpreted as the hero crossing the border between life and death, experiencing the experience of dying. This version is supported by biblical, mythological and literary allusions related to the near-death / post-mortem state of the hero. The work is considered in the context of the global myth about the posthumous wanderings of the soul, which contains certain ideas about the obligatory participants, attributes and symbols of the funeral rite, and the topography of the realm of the dead. The plot of the passage, by analogy with the stages of the rite of passage, described by Arnold van Gennep, is divided into three obligatory episodes – separation, transitional stage and inclusion. The separation – the removal of the deceased from the house, that is, the transfer through the threshold, is marked in Teffi’s text as an exit from the “house”. The transitional (liminal) stage is the beginning of the wanderings of the soul. The subject thus acquires the features of duality. In Teffi text, this phase is marked by a reciprocating movement from the conditional present to the past and back. The heroine (or her soul) is “neither here nor there.” The stage of inclusion – the final introduction of the heroine to the world of the dead – is indicated in the plot by the disappearance of the Hunter, who has fulfilled his function as a psychopomp, together with peaceful state of the heroine’s soul. These stages correlate not only with the composition, but also with the semantics of the episodes of the story. So, first of all, in our opinion, this is evidenced by the very title of the work “And there was no time”, which speaks of some kind of timeless existence. In addition, transitivity motifs are introduced into the work due to a number of details that, due to their archetypal nature, are symbolic. These are, for example, the predominance of white colour, the chthonic nature of the characters (the old woman and the Hunter) and animals, the connection of the objects of the material world of the work with the funeral rite. In addition to considering the mythologeme about the path of the soul to the afterlife, the article presents the traces of the solar myth found in the text, understood as an endless life cycle, the alternation of dying and rebirth.
Pretenders in the Snow: The Image of Marina Mnishek in the Book of Poems by Marina Tsvetaeva “Craft”
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kornienko Svetlana Yu.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the image of Marina Mnishek in the book of poems by Marina Tsvetaeva “Craft” (1923). The images of the impostors will be reflected in the two cycles included in this book – “Marina” (1921) and “Snowdrifts” (1922). In the Marina cycle, the poet returns to the events of the Time of Troubles, already mastered in her lyrics of 1916. The solution to this historical plot becomes agonistic not only in relation to the historiographic tradition, but also the apology of these heroes in his own early poems. In the cycle of 1921, an alternative history is presented, in which another Marina appears – a poet, a successful rival for the Pretender’s heart. A genealogical study of poetic images reveals a number of sources: D. Mordovtsev, A. Bely, the collection of Kirsha Danilov, etc. References to the epic plot (the songs “Grishka-Rastriga” and “Three years Dobrynushka was so sleepy...”) are clarified by referring to Tsvetaeva’s marks in the draft notebooks 1922 (RGALI). References to the selfproclaimed plot in the Snowdrifts cycle appear when referring to Tsvetaeva’s creative laboratory – her notebooks, draft and white notebooks. In the book of poems “Craft” Tsvetaeva repeatedly uses the neologism “False Marina” invented in the cycle “Marina”, however, if the cycle of 1921 is filled with historical specifics, then in the cycle “Snowdrifts” (1922) the poet turns away from concrete images in favor of pure abstraction. The image of the “False Marine” – In historical and abstract writing – has intersections: an abundance of ornithological metaphors, the magic and chimerical nature of the image, nakedness and readiness for rebirth. Inside the poetic book (here Tsvetaeva repeats the movement of the same plot in the book of poems “Milestones. Issue 1”) the image loses its historicity, moving towards abstract writing. “False Marina” in the “Snowdrifts” cycle is no longer a historical impostor, but a complex of Tsvetaev’s metapoetic principles: the rejection of the name, essence, and even human nature in favor of the infinity of rebirth in other people’s names and bodies. Turning to notebooks and draft notebooks allows us to see the dynamics of the poetic image: the movement from simple to complex, from concrete to abstract, from historical fact to poetic image.
A influência da espiritualidade no contexto de pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Barros Vitor de Jesus Costa , Rodrigues Ana Beatriz Macedo , Dias Filho Carlos Alberto Alves , Gondim Roberta Sabrine Duarte
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Entender os efeitos da espiritualidade no contexto de pacientes oncológicos. Revisão bibliográfica: O diagnóstico de câncer representa um desafio significativo para os indivíduos, dada a complexidade específica dessa doença e a variedade de prognósticos associados. Nesse cenário, a dimensão psicológica do paciente torna-se particularmente vulnerável, propensa a manifestações como tristeza profunda e desesperança, podendo resultar em condições psicossomáticas, incluindo depressão e ansiedade. Essa compreensão da interseção entre o diagnóstico oncológico, saúde mental e espiritualidade é essencial para abordar holisticamente as necessidades dos pacientes. Considerações finais: Nesse sentido, torna-se imprescindível o uso de tratamentos tradicionais já validados associados aos não-farmacológicos, meios os quais são alternativas para aliviar a dor física, mental e espiritual do paciente. Nesse aspecto, a espiritualidade é uma das opções usadas no âmbito médico, realizando a aplicabilidade do coping religioso (enfrentamento), que colabora na forma como o paciente enxerga a morte, empregando a religião e fé para lidar com o estresse e melhorar a condição de saúde na sua finitude de vida.
Peri-operative Neonatal Resuscitation – Need of the Hour
Authors: Gupta Bhavna , Saha Usha
Published: March 2024

Perioperative neonatal resuscitation (PoNR) is a specialized care process designed to ensure the stability and well-being of neonates in the perioperative period. Due to their unique physiological characteristics and vulnerabilities, neonates require focused care before, during, and after surgery and anesthesia. The PoNR addresses challenges related to the neonate’s unique anatomy and physiology and accompanying medical and surgical conditions. A dedicated neonatal anesthesiologist is critical for providing the best care. This article explores the scope, steps, and scenarios of PoNR and tries to establish the need for PoNR to ensure the best outcome in these neonates.
Ethics in Neonatal Anesthesia – A Tender Perioperative Care
Authors: Malik Anita , Saha Usha
Published: March 2024

Medical ethics, a set of norms and values applied to the behavior of medical care personnel, has been evolving along with the scientific and technical development in the field of neonatology, surgery, and anesthesia. Regarding the anesthetic management of a neonate, an anesthesiologist is always in an ethical dilemma. On one side, anesthesia is a necessity for surgery, and on the other hand, knowing that these interventions may have untoward or adverse effects. Autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice are the four basic principles of medical ethics, which are used in harmony with each other without any order of succession and along with virtues of compassion, integrity, honesty, truthfulness, and fairness provides an ethical decision-making framework for a tender perioperative care. Professionalism in the operating room and anesthesiologist – surgeon relationship is an integral part of the ethical concerns in neonatal anesthesia.
Neonatal and Pediatric Resuscitation – How Similar and How Different
Authors: Motghare Abhilasha , Raval Aakanksha
Published: March 2024

The neonatal period in human life is accompanied by the most dramatic physiological changes, and any resuscitative measures should be in accordance with these changes. Resuscitation protocols for infants and children cannot be applied here. If a neonate requires resuscitation in the perioperative period, one has to use both the neonatal and pediatric resuscitation protocol, as there is no separate protocol available for these situations. With this background, this article focuses on the important and significant differences between pediatric and neonatal resuscitation.
Study of bacteriological profile and its antibiogram in the newborn care unit of a rural tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Kumar Thageeru Mahesh , Alapati Srihari , Gowda Y. C. Beere , Balasunder B. C.
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Neonatal sepsis is a serious medical condition that affects the newborn babies up to 28 days of postnatal life. Regular monitoring of the prevalent bacterial agents causing sepsis is essential for better patient management. The objective of the study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of culture-positive neonatal sepsis in the newborn care unit of a rural tertiary care centre in India.

Material and Methods:

The venous blood sample collected on the day of admission or on the 3rd day of admission for the neonates suspected to have sepsis with poor clinical improvement after a 2-day trial of empirical antibiotic therapy was subjected to culture and sensitivity pattern. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data regarding the identified organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern from the blood samples of neonates were collected from the newborn care unit records.

Results:

Out of 387 samples, culture positivity was 10.8%. Among culture positive isolates 57.14% are Gram-negative isolates and Klebsiella being the most common Gram-negative organism and 42.85% of Gram-positive isolates with staphylococcus predominance.

Conclusion:

Klebsiella (40.4 %) followed by Staphylococcus (35.7%) are the most common bacterial pathogens identified in the rural newborn care centre in India. The routine empirical antibiotics in our unit cefotaxime and ampicillin are 100% resistant and need appropriate changes in the antibiotic policy by making piperacillin or cefoperazone and gentamicin as first-line empirical antibiotics.
Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion – Case Series
Authors: Jyothi Badiginchala Naga , Kumar C. P. Ravi , Kamble Ravindra B. , Manivannan Shanthi
Published: March 2024

Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) is a clinicopathological diagnosis that is characterized by severe encephalopathy and seizures with extensive areas of restricted diffusion in cerebral parenchyma. Case 1: Apparently healthy 13-month-old male child presented with acute febrile encephalopathy with a flurry of seizures with raised intracranial pressure. Investigations were consistent with multiorgan dysfunction along with severe metabolic acidosis, ketosis, and hyperammonemia. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Brain was normal. However subsequent MRI brain suggested features of diffuse ALERD. With immunotherapy and supportive management, he improved and was discharged without sequelae. Case 2: A 9-month-old male child who was premorbidly normal presented with fever, status epilepticus, and encephalopathy. MRI Brain was suggestive of central sparing ALERD. He was discharged with sequelae with the advice of rehabilitation. Unfortunately, he got succumbed due to aspiration. Case 3: A 10-day-old neonate presented with the refusal of feeds, multiple seizures, and encephalopathy. MRI Brain revealed central sparing ALERD. Improved with immunotherapy and was developmentally normal at five months of age. ALERD is a clinic-radiological syndrome characterized by acute encephalopathy with restricted areas of diffusion in subcortical white matter on MRI. Reported two categories are Diffuse and Central sparing ALERD. Diffuse ALERD has severe manifestations. However, Case 1 had a good outcome, suggesting a variable prognosis. Central sparing ALERD is a milder form, but when basal ganglia are involved, it may have a worsened outcome, as seen in Case 2. Case 3 had central sparing ALERD, and had a good prognosis as described in literature. This study highlights the varied signs and symptoms of ALERD, including neonatal age of onset. Diagnosis is based on the restricted diffusion in white matter on diffusion-weighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient in MRI of the brain. MRI may be normal in the initial course; hence, it’s important to repeat if strongly suspected. Prompt immunotherapy and supportive care are emphasised.
Transmastoid pediatric penetrating brain injury, interdisciplinary, and tailored patient’s treatment
Authors: Nazwar Tommy Alfandy , Bal’afif Farhad , Wardhana Donny Wisnu , Masyhudi Akmal Niam Firdaus , Panjaitan Christin
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pediatric penetrating brain injuries (PBIs) are rare but critical traumatic events, often involving foreign objects. This report will emphasize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for pediatric PBI cases.

Case Description:

This report presents a case of a 7-year-old male patient with a PBI resulting from a nail that penetrated the left mastoid region following a fall from a tree. On admission, the patient maintained consciousness, displayed stable vital signs, and showed no neurological deficits. Crucial radiological examinations, including skull X-rays and head computed tomography (CT) scans, revealed a 6.5 mm caliber nail penetrating 5.5 cm into the brain, with intraventricular hemorrhage filling the bilateral posterior horns of the lateral ventricles. In addition, the CT angiography (CTA) of the head provided a visual of the internal carotid arteries and the vertebrobasilar artery system, obscured by metal artifacts but showing no evidence of thrombus, aneurysm, or vascular malformation. The patient underwent an urgent mastoidectomy and retro sigmoid craniotomy to remove a foreign object, involving a multidisciplinary team. Subsequent to the intervention, the patient sustained full consciousness without neurological impairments and received intensive care.

Conclusion:

Radiological tools, notably skull X-rays and head CT scans, are pivotal for the precise diagnosis of pediatric PBI. The combined mastoidectomy and retro sigmoid craniotomy approach offers a safe and efficient means of foreign body removal. Tailoring treatments to individual patient needs enhances outcomes.
Remote supratentorial intraparenchymal bleed after posterior fossa surgery: A rare occurrence
Authors: Moaiyadi Abbas Hibtullah , Tripathi Mayank , Lanjewar Pavan Tulshiram , Syal Simran Kaur , Singh Binoy Kumar , Anjankar Shailendra , Gandhoke Charandeep Singh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage at the operative site is one of the major complications of brain surgery. It is unusual to occur at a site remote from the operative site, but when it happens, it may cause significant morbidity and mortality.

Case Description:

We report the case of a 27-year-old male who presented with complaints of paresthesias over the left side of his face and decreased hearing from the left ear for two years. His radiology was suggestive of a large left cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst. The patient underwent left retro mastoid suboccipital craniotomy and near-total excision of the epidermoid cyst. The immediate postoperative non-contrast computed tomography scan of the brain was suggestive of no hematoma at the operated site but a remote left parafalcine frontoparietal intraparenchymal bleed, which was managed conservatively. At two months follow-up, he had no neuro deficits, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was suggestive of near-total excision of the epidermoid cyst with resolving left parafalcine frontoparietal bleed.

Conclusion:

We report this case due to the unique case observation of an intracranial bleed at a remote site rather than at the operated site.
Rare vermian pilocytic astrocytoma with recurrent spontaneous hemorrhage in the elderly: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Francis Campbell Chukwuebuka , Kanaya Kohei , Nagamine Kohei , Goto Tetsuya , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi , Ohaegbulam Samuel Chukwunonyerem
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a benign glial tumor predominately seen in pediatrics and early adolescence with associated overall good outcomes. Very few cases of elderly PA have been reported in the literature, and they are known to display unique anatomic, histologic, and genetic peculiarities distinct from pediatric disease. We report a rare case of vermian PA in an octogenarian with recurrent spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage as a presenting symptom. Furthermore, a review of the literature on the peculiarities of PA in the elderly will be discussed.

Case Description:

An 81-year-old woman presented with features suggestive of repeated posterior fossa hemorrhages characterized by headaches, diplopia, and alteration in sensorium occurring about 5 months apart. Brain neuroimaging showed a cerebellar vermian tumor with features suggestive of repeated intratumoral bleeding. She had an initial ventriculoperitoneal shunting for acute hydrocephalus and subsequently had a suboccipital craniotomy and subtotal tumor excision due to morbid adherence to the brainstem. The histologic diagnosis was PA with Ki-67 <1% and negative for isocitrate dehydrogenase-1. There was a slow but progressive clinical improvement, and she has remained symptom-free for 4 years on follow-up.

Conclusion:

PA in the elderly is a rare disease with distinct histologic and genetic peculiarities. This case review showed one of the oldest cases of cerebellar vermian PA presenting with recurrent spontaneous intratumoral hemorrhage, an extremely rare occurrence in benign glioma. Although complete surgical excision is recommended, partial resection is advocated for morbidly adherent tumors. Overall prognosis is worse in elderly PA.
Zinc: An Essential Mineral for Oral Health
Authors:   Dow University of Health Sciences, Naeem Asad
Published: March 2024

zinc is a trace mineral, essential for human health as sufficient zinc balance is cardinal for skin, hairs and skeletal growth, development, and function. Insufficient zinc status in the body is linked with multitude systemic disorders and has a significant effect on oral health. In the oral cavity, it is present in dental plaque, saliva, and enamel. It is present in mouthwashes and toothpaste due to its involvement in preventing plaque, calculus formation and halitosis
Perspectives and Practices of Gynecologist’s about Prenatal Oral Health and Association Between Periodontal Disease and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Authors:   Dow International  Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi., Hasan Masood , Tabassum Saba , Rafi Khansa , Bukhari Syeda Farhat
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: Prenatal oral health has garnered growing attention due to its potential impact on maternal and fetal well-being. Thus, this study seeks to investigate gynecologists' perspectives and practices related to prenatal oral health care while concurrently examining the association between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes, shedding light on the comprehensive significance of oral health during pregnancy and its potential implications for maternal-fetal health. METHODOLOGY:A quantitative cross-sectional study based on questionnaire was performed targeting consultant gynecologists in all district hospitals of city Karachi. The responses were computed by SPSS. Descriptive statistics with frequencies were computed and Chi-square was used to find out the associations between different variables RESULTS:Half of the gynecologists (55%) reported that they never asked nor documented their patient's last dental visit before commencing prenatal care. About 38% stated that they sometimes referred their patients to dental practitioners. Approximately 27% of the gynecologists admitted to not knowing the association between periodontal diseases and adverse birth outcomes. Statistically significant associations were observed between work experience and knowledge about gingivitis in pregnancy (p-value 0.012) as well as periodontitis with adverse birth outcomes (p-value 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals appeared to lack caution when it came to the oral health of their patients, despite possessing a good understanding of the oral-systemic connection during pregnancy. Prenatal care providers should consider developing inter professional relationships and promptly referring their patients for dental assessments KEYWORDS: Prenatal care, Oral Health in Pregnancy, Periodontal diseases, Adverse outcomes of pregnancy, Awareness about oral health
Safety and Efficacy of Temozolomide Combinations in Glioblastoma Patients; A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khan R.B. , Verma M.K. , Tiwari A. , Siddiqui A. , Chowdhary R.
Published: March 2024

Globally, glioblastoma is the fetal brain tumor with the highest incidence. Patients with glioblastoma who have received a clinical diagnosis need combination therapy, which combines radiation and chemotherapy drugs that have shown promising benefits. The treatment of choice for glioblastoma, both alone and in combination, is temozolomide. Studies have shown that temozolomide combined with other medications and radiotherapy in the management of glioblastoma is effective in reducing tumor size, preventing recurrence and limiting tumor progression. The study also emphasizes the safety profile of temozolomide combinations and pathophysiology of tumor, size, growth and reoccurrence. For the meta-analysis, a detailed search of scientific literature was conducted utilizing the most relevant scientific studies published to date on the intervention of temozolomide combinations to manage Glioblastoma. A search was conducted across a number of databases including Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. The MedCalC tool was used to do a meta-analysis in accordance with Prisma standards for odds ratio between studies, risk factor analysis and relative risk. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scielo and other databases were used to retrieve a total of 1635 studies for the current analysis. The meta-analysis with three distinct parameters odds ratio, risk difference and relative risk was significant with p value <0.001 (for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents) and p value <0.003 (for TMZ with radiation therapy). The 95% Cl for TMZ with other chemotherapeutic agents was higher for odds ratio (2.539 to 3.466), risk difference (1.345 to 1.669) and relative risk (0.192 to 0.280) over TMZ with radiation therapy (Odds ratio 1.051 to 1.327; Risk difference 0.0116 to 0.0623 and Relative risk 1.016 to 1.100). When treating GBM, TMZ in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs has been found to be more successful than TMZ alone. Clinical trials based on TMZ offer GBM patients with freshly diagnosed solid tumors a better survival rate.
Correlation between allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Giurgiu Raluca Maria , Botaş Loredana , Panaitescu Carmen
Published: March 2024

The concept of the „unified respiratory disease” emphasizes the close connection between the upper and lower respiratory pathways in allergic diseases. The structure and function of the upper and lower respiratory pathways are closely interconnected, forming a single morphofunctional entity. Studies show that allergic rhinitis and asthma share the same inflammatory cells and Th2-type cytokines in nasal and bronchial biopsy samples. Additionally, bronchial challenges can induce inflammation in the nasal area and vice versa, suggesting a close link between the two conditions. The epithelial barrier, through its junctions and constituent proteins, plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis and protection against external factors, and the complex interactions between these two segments of the respiratory pathways are an important research topic. Tight junctions, adhesion junctions, gap junctions, as well as desmosomes contribute to maintaining epithelial integrity and regulating inflammation. The constituent proteins of these junctions and their interactions play crucial roles in the proper functioning of the epithelial barrier. Respiratory allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pets, and fungi are risk factors for both conditions. Recent studies have highlighted numerous environmental factors capable of compromising epithelial integrity and disrupting its barrier function, including allergens with protease activity. Allergenic proteases from various sources, such as dust mites, pollen, fungi, and kitchen cockroaches, have been identified and characterized. Studies have shown the significant role these allergens play in compromising the integrity of the respiratory epithelium and triggering allergic responses. They can activate specific receptors, inducing inflammation and disrupting the epithelium’s barrier function. For example, proteases from dust mites cleave junctional proteins, promoting allergen transport and triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The same effect is observed with pollen, fungi, and kitchen cockroaches. The proteolytic activity of allergens contributes to sensitization and the progression of allergic diseases. Understanding these mechanisms can guide the development of effective therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating these conditions.
Viral-induced asthma exacerbations
Authors: Bocşan Ioana‑Corina , Feketea Gavriela , Pop Raluca‑Maria , Muntean Adriana
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has once again brought to the attention of researchers and medical practitioners the issue of viral infections in the management of chronic respiratory diseases, especially bronchial asthma. Viral infections, especially rhinovirus, are an important risk factor for asthma exacerbations. Asthma exacerbations are a major cause of asthma morbidity and mortality, leading to a progressive decline in lung function in some patients. The increased risk of exacerbation is a consequence of either a deficient antiviral response of the asthmatic patient, or the ability of some viruses to increase the Th2 inflammatory response, specific to the asthma phenotype. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinico-epidemiological features of each viral infection may be crucial in developing a targeted therapy for the most common viral pathogens to effectively prevent asthmatic exacerbations.
Ultrasonic Extraction of Java Ginseng Leaves (Talinum Triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) with Variables of Ethanol Solution Ratio and Extraction Time
Authors:   Department of Master Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia, B Adhika , TY Hendrawati ,   Department of Master Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia, I Ismiyati ,   Department of Master Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia, UH Hasyim ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia, RA Nugrahani ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: March 2024

Indonesia has abundant biodiversity for types of plants that are thought to have efficacy as herbal medicines. Javanese Ginseng (Talinum Triangulare (Jacq.) Willd) is one of them, so it is necessary to conduct research to utilize it. The purpose of this study was to determine the process conditions to obtain the highest extraction yield and to determine what components of flavonoid bioactive compounds contained in the Javanese Ginseng extract. As part of the ultrasonic extraction method, the variables tested were, among others, various ratios between ethanol-dried Javanese Ginseng powder and sonication time. Javanese ginseng was dried in an oven at 60°C for 4 days to a moisture content of less than 4%, then ground and filtered using a 40-mesh filter. The first phase of this study was to test the various ratios of solutions between dried Javanese Ginseng powder and 96% ethanol (m/v), which were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 at constant concentration for 30 minutes. The second phase is to vary the sonication time, namely 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes at a constant solution ratio, namely the ratio with the highest extract yield obtained from extraction with various solution ratios between dried Java Ginseng powder and 96% ethanol (m/v). Through this research, the ultrasonic wavelength used was 40kHz and the temperature of the water bath to concentrate the Javanese Ginseng was set at a temperature of 50 – 60oC. The best yield of both phases was 10.14% for the parameter ratio 1:5 (m/v) and the sonication time was 30 minutes with an extract pH of 4.36, a density of 1.0415 g/cm³, and a greenish-brown color.
Removal of Uranium from Effluent Acidic Solution Using Manganese Oxide Coated Modified Talc (MOCMT)
Authors:   Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo, Ehypt, Nagar MS , Mahmoud KF ,   Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo, Ehypt, Yousef WM ,   Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo, Ehypt, Abdou AA ,   Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo, Ehypt
Published: March 2024

In this study, the unique manganese dioxide coated modified talc (MOCMT) adsorbent was easily synthetic. (MOCMT) was evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of U (VI) from effluent (=10 ppm) solution. To fit the adsorption results, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied, as well as the kinetic parameters of the adsorption process, which were measured and fitted. Five adsorption/desorption cycles with 0.3 M H2SO4 as an eluent were performed to test the reusability. The MOCMT was used to extract uranium from effluent solution produced after a four-cycle leaching/adsorption during the uranium milling process in the Gattar project.