bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finanças Comportamentais e Teoria do Esquema: Uma proposta de interseção metodológica / Behavioral Finance and Schema Theory: A proposed methodological intersection.
Authors: Monteiro Vitor Borges , Martins Ana Virginia Feitosa , Carlos Ary Junior Silveira
Published: January 2023

Resumo: Após a consolidação da teoria financeira da HME (Hipótese de Mercados Eficientes), que sugere como premissa básica a racionalidade dos investidores, foi a vez das Finanças Comportamentais ganharem notoriedade no final do século XX. Para esta última, os investidores seguem vieses comportamentais nas suas decisões de investimento muitas vezes não racionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar se esse comportamento não racional do investidor é influenciado por vises cognitivos e emoções identificados dentro dos eixos esquemáticos da Teoria do Esquema. A relevância desta pesquisa consiste em testar a interdependência teórica dessas duas linhas multidisciplinares do comportamento humano. Foi utilizada uma pesquisa de campo com aplicação de 332 questionários, que cruza o grupo de perguntas de ambas as teorias, e testa a igualdade dos grupos pelo teste qui-quadrado.Palavras Chaves: Finanças Comportamentais, Teoria do Esquema, Vieses Cognitivos. Abstract: After the consolidation of the financial theory of the HME (Hypothesis of Efficient Markets), which suggests the rationality of investors as a basic premise, it was the turn of Behavioral Finance to gain notoriety at the end of the 20th century. For the latter, investors follow behavioral biases in their often non-rational investment decisions. The objective of this research  was  to  investigate  whether  this  non-rational  investor  behavior  is  influenced  by cognitive views and emotions identified  within  the  schematic axes of  Scheme  Theory.  The relevance of this research is to test the theoretical interdependence of these two multidisciplinary lines of human behavior. A field research was used with the application of 332 questionnaires, which crosses the group of questions from both theories, and tests the equality of the groups by the chi-square test.Keywords: Behavioral Finance, Schema Theory, Cognitive Biases
A Importância da contação de histórias do desenvolvimento das crianças da Creche Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro
Authors: Silva Marília Vanessa da , Bringel Maricélia Félix Andrade
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho objetivou compreender o quão fundamental é o uso de contações de histórias no ambiente escolar , analisando também as diferentes formas que podem ser realizadas ,com o intuito de levar conhecimento e conhecer melhor o quão eficaz é a Ludicidade na vida das crianças. O objetivo principal foi despertar ainda mais a imaginação das crianças, deixando-as interagir e se expressar durante toda a atividade. O trabalho mostra algumas das infinitas formas de inovar na sala de aula, despertando a curiosidade dos estudantes, os mesmos mostraram interesse e tiveram atenção durante toda a vivência. Conclui-se então que o objetivo foi alcançado, mostrando que um bom planejamento acompanhado de um bom contador é suficiente para despertar o interesse do aluno pela leitura, é uma forma poderosa e encantadora de ensinar e também de aprender, sendo também essencial para a oralidade dos alunos.
Desenvolvimento de ensaio de ressonância por impacto para determinação de rigidez de diferentes materiais
Authors: Lemos Bezerra Ana Karoliny , De Carvalho Monteiro Nicolas , Costa do Amaral Caio , Da P. Coelho Alexandre Augusto , Nunes da Silveira Jarbas Aryel , Feitosa de A. L. Babadopulos Lucas , Barbosa Soares Jorge
Published: January 2023

Ensaios não destrutivos têm sido utilizados para caracterização viscoelástica de misturas asfálicas. Assim, foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Ceará um teste de ressonância por impacto, que se destina a aplicações em materiais asfálticos, sendo a sua montagem e os primeiros resultados o objeto deste artigo. Na etapa de validação do novo ensaio, testes em materiais elásticos lineares foram realizados, sendo uma amostra de aço e três de argamassa. Os materiais foram submetidos a ensaios clássicos quase-estáticos de rigidez e ao ensaio dinâmico de ressonância por impacto desenvolvido. Os resultados apontam uma pequena diferença entre os valores de módulo dos dois ensaios, 2,15% para o aço e entre 4-13% para a argamassa. O teste proposto produz resultados de ressonância interpretáveis e tem potencial para ser utilizado para determinar as propriedades viscoelásticas de materiais betuminosos.
Barriers and Opportunities to Improve the Implementation of Patient Screening and Linkage to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Primary Care
Authors: Nacht Carrie L. , Felner Jennifer K. , Muthuramalingam Sandhya , Storholm Erik D. , Felner Jennifer K. , Hechter Rulin , Chang John M. , Grant Deborah Ling , Towner William , Martos Alexander , Storholm Erik D.
Published: January 2023

Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV infection, only around 25% of at-risk individuals in the United States have accessed a prescription. One way to increase PrEP uptake is through the sexual health screening of patients and linkage to PrEP in primary care settings. The objective of this analysis was to assess the barriers and implementation strategies during a screening and linkage to PrEP pilot intervention. Primary care patients were screened for PrEP indication during routine primary care visits. Of the 1,225 individuals screened, 1.8% (n=22) were eligible for PrEP and from those, 77.3% (n=17) attended the specialist appointment and were prescribed PrEP. Primary care patients (n=30) and providers (n=8) then participated in semi-structured interviews assessing their experience with the pilot intervention. Using an applied thematic analytic approach, patients and providers identified barriers and related improvement strategies that could be classified into four main categories: 1) Financial Barriers: Individual- vs. Clinic-level Considerations 2) The Role of Stigma, Discomfort, and Cultural Factors 3) Logistical Hurdles and Streamlining the Intervention, and 4) The Lack of PrEP Knowledge and the Need for Education. Findings support the accepatability and feasibility of screening for PrEP in primary care along with appropriate implementation strategies. This study suggests that because of the high volume of patients seen in primary care, sexual health screenings and linkage to PrEP interventions have the potential to reduce new incident HIV infections among diverse sexual minority men.
Characterization of Ground Water Quality in Southern and Northern Region of Zanzibar Island
Authors: Miza AK , Abdul AJM , Lim H
Published: January 2023

Millions of people from different countries depend on groundwater, which might contain elevated levels of unhygienic constituents. Poor quality of drinking water in many countries has been forcing people to use bottled water. In the present study, groundwater samples were collected in November 2014 leading to twenty-nine analysis of groundwater samples. The primary objective of this paper is to study the selected groundwater quality parameters as an establishment of preliminary baselines on groundwater constituents. A total of twenty nine water samples were collected (fourteen and fifteen samples from North and South regions of Zanzibar Island respectively. Physical parameters (Turbidity, oxidation-reduction potential ORP, Eh, pH, total dissolved soild TDS, salinity, and Electrical conductivity (EC) were determined in situ using Horiba multiparameters digital meters. Analysis of anions (NO3-, Br- , SO42-, F-, NO2-) was carried out using Ion chromatography (IC). Nitrite and nitrate for some water were below detection limit (BDL) The order of relative abundance for anions in samples collected at Northern region of Zanzibar Island, was NO3- > Br- > SO42- > F- > NO2- , while for the Southern region the order was NO3- >Br- > NO2- > SO42- > F- . In both regions, the orders for other parameters were; Turbidity > pH > salinity; and EC >TDS > ORP > Eh. Almost all the measured parameters were within the WHO guidelines for drinking water. However, for nitrate and bromide, the percentage that exceeded the WHO limit was 7%, and 10.3% respectively. Based on toxicological perspective, although few samples had concentrations above groundwater quality criterion it is fundamental to estimate the intake by humans through the drinking water pathways.
Effects of Selected Secondary Metabolites in Leaf Extract of Jatropha Tanjorensis on Some Gonadal Hormones in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: John Anyam , Bawa Inalegwu , John Akighir , Yakubu Ojochenemi Eje , Richard Odama Ikani
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective
The use of medicinal plants in industrialized societies for extraction and development of many drugs and other chemotherapeutics and traditionally for herbal remedies has increased in recent times. Plant–based medicine is essential in health care services with about 80% global population relying on it because of its cheap source and availability. Jatropha tanjorensis is one such plant used by males and females of childbearing age for treatment of reproductive problems such as infertility. Literature on isolation and characterization of the secondary metabolites in this plant may not be common. Against this backdrop, this research work was carried out to isolate, characterize and determine the effects of J. tanjorensis on the gonadal hormones of male wistar rats.

Materials and Methods
The secondary metabolites were isolated, characterized, and identified using nuclear magnetic resonance. The experiment was conducted using 25 male wistar rats weighing between 180-200 g randomized into 5 groups, 3 controls and 2 treatment groups of 5 rats each. The treatment groups received 25 mg/kg body weight of phytol and lupeol orally by gastric lavage for 14 days. The animals were anaesthetized and blood samples collected for hormonal assay.

Result
The experimental data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0, while the post hoc test assessed using Duncan Multiple Range Test at p ≥ 0.05. There was a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) in the levels of FSH, LH and TST in the treatment groups when compared to the control groups. The motility and sperm count decrease significantly (p ˂ 0.05) when treatment groups were compared to the control animals. The secondary metabolites, phytol and lupeol present in the leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis were responsible for the decrease in some of the gonadal hormones studied.
Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chains in Zimbabwe
Authors: Munharo Steven , Munharo Steven , Edet Akpan Aniekan , Friday Akpan Edikan , Maradze Takudzwa Chrispen , Ahmadi Attaullah , Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III , Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III
Published: January 2023

Zimbabwe like many other sub-Saharan African states has been struggling to provide a quality health service delivery system. Nations with rampant corruption and ineffective bureaucracy made worse, the response towards the fight against COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019. Despite the Zimbabwean government setting out protocols with international agencies such as WHO, World Health Organization to mount an effective response against COVID-19, the health system has been overstretched with lack of personal protective equipment, shortage of drugs and essential equipment and wanton corruption practices coupled with shortage of staff. Timely delivery of orders is still a challenge due to strict bureaucratic measures when transporting goods and the existing competition between countries. Manufacturers and donors are shifting their focus to their countries leaving the Zimbabwean health service underfunded and under-resourced. However, among the challenges experienced the country has been given a chance to revisit its priorities and strategize how best the government and organizations can move essential medical goods, utilize current trade agreements such as ACFTA, African Continental Free Trade Area and local drug manufacturers to produce essential medicines. Launching an efficient mechanism to end corrupt practices in procurement and supply as well as improve interagency cooperation and communication may help improve efforts to end COVID-19 in Zimbabwe.
Quality Indicators for the Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Leiman David A. , Kamal Afrin N. , Otaki Fouad , Bredenoord Albert J. , Dellon Evan S. , Falk Gary W. , Fernandez-Becker Nielsen Q. , Gonsalves Nirmala , Hirano Ikuo , Katzka David A. , Peterson Kathryn , Yadlapati Rena , Kathpalia Priya
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Despite best practice recommendations for managing eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), variation in care exists.

METHODS:

We used established methodology for quality indicator development to identify metrics to define quality for the treatment of EoE.

RESULTS:

Among 29 proposed quality indicator statements, 9 (31%) were adopted as highly valid across all categories. Two (22%) of these statements were identified as having existing or suspected quality gaps.

DISCUSSION:

We identified highly valid EoE quality indicators for adult gastroenterologists, which can be used for quality improvement with resulting benefits for patient outcomes.
The Challenge of Constructing Citizenship in a Multiracial Society in Postcolonial Sierra Leone
Authors: Dumbuya Peter Alpha
Published: January 2023

Sixty-one years after Sierra Leone regained its independence from Britain in April 1961, the issue of citizenship remains divisive and fraught with negative political implications for persons seeking elective and appointive political offices. John Joseph Akar, born in the then Protectorate of a Lebanese father who was himself born in Senegal and a Sierra Leonean mother, challenged the constitutionality of amendments to the Independence Constitution that altered the criterion for citizenship from one based on birth (jus soli) to one based on “Negro African descent” (jus sanguinis). Enacted less than a year after independence, the new constitutional provisions appealed to a kind of xenophobic nationalism that undercut the country's multicultural character. In this article I argue that the economic success, in particular that of the Lebanese in the colonial period, put them at odds with Sierra Leone's emerging political elites. Prior to independence these elites used restrictive immigration laws to limit the entry and participation of the Lebanese and other non-indigenes in the country's political and economic affairs. After independence there was no better place to institutionalize such limitations and discrimination than in the postcolonial constitution, which the British helped construct to unify the Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone.
A Study of Password Management Behaviors of Young People
Authors: Titiakarawongse Chatphat , Boonkrong Sirapat
Published: January 2023

Password-based authentication is still the most widely used authentication method today. Unfortunately, passwords are the main culprit leading to cyberattacks. This study examines the behaviors of young people towards password generation and usage. The young people will ultimately become the future for society. An online survey with a sample of 265 respondents aged 10–24 was conducted between April and August 2021. The research utilized descriptive statistical analyses and compared the responses from young people with older people. The results suggest that although the survey participants seemed to have basic knowledge of creating complex passwords, they still possessed some aspects, which could lead to being a cyberattack target. This preliminary study provides information and increases awareness for policymakers and educators in such a way that it could be used to create an educational program on the importance of managing passwords securely. In addition, the study provides insights into the password management of young people between the ages of 10 and 24.
Saving Lives and Limiting the Means and Methods of Warfare: Five Indonesian Tafsīr Views
Authors: Fikriyati Ulya , Fawaid Ah.
Published: January 2023

Protection of non-combatants and restrictions on methods of warfare are two essential aspects of jus in bello. Dawoody’s and Hashmi’s theory states that the classical Islamic scientific tradition discusses jus in bello much more than contemporary Islamic studies do. Contemporary studies are more preoccupied with deciphering jus ad bellum as a response to the West’s stigma against Islam. This article examines the theory in the realm of Qur’anic interpretation (tafsīr). Five authoritative Indonesian tafsīrs will be the samples; Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, and Firdaws al-Naʻīm. The first two tafsīrs represent the classical era, the third came from the transitional era, and the last two tafsīrs originated from the contemporary era. The article examines the shifting trend through two main issues in humanitarian law: protection of non-combatants, civilians, and civilian objects, and limits on the methods and means of war.[Perlindungan terhadap yang bukan kombatan dan pembatasan model perang merupakan aspek penting dalam prinsip hukum jus in bello. Teori Dawood dan Hashmi menyatakan bahwa dalam tradisi pengetahuan Islam klasik justru lebih banyak membahas jus in bello daripada studi Islam kontemporer. Studi kontemporer cenderung menceritakan jus ad bellum sebagai respon terhadap stigmatisasi barat pada islam. Artikel ini akan membahas lima tafsir Qur’an yaitu: Tarjumān al-Mustafīd, Marāḥ Labīd, Al-Azhar, Al-Miṣbāḥ, dan Firdaws al-Naʻīm. Dua yang awal mewakili masa klasik, tafsir ketiga berasal dari masa transisi dan dua yang terakhir mewakili masa kontemporer. Artikel ini juga membahas pergeseran trend kajian melalui dua isu penting yaitu perlindungan pada non kombatan, sipil dan objek sipil dan pembatasan pada metode dan peralatan perang].
In the Making of Salafi-Based Islamic Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Makruf Jamhari , Asrori Saifudin
Published: January 2023

The Salafi manhaj (method) is emerging as a new form of Islamic education, in addition to the existing pesantren (Islamic boarding school) and madrasah (Islamic school) education systems, both of which have long histories in Indonesia. The presence of these schools reflects Salafi efforts to achieve “purification of Islam” though adherence to the idea of returning to the ‘authentic Islam’ as practiced by the early generations of Muslim. Salafi manhaj schools are also part of a transnational Islamic movement that has purposely spread ideas and movements from the Middle East around the world, including to Indonesia. Over time, these schools have developed into two models: Integrated Islamic Schools and Salafi manhaj pesantrens. Both aim to instill Islamic tenets that comply with the Salafi manhaj and disseminate and incorporate such tenets in the religious practices of Indonesian Muslims, although the Integrated Islamic Schools are more inclusive and teach aspects of the conventional state curriculum too. This article challenges previous findings that the influence of Salafi education has faded in Indonesia as efforts to combat Islamist terrorism globally have increased, arguing that Salafi educators have been strategic and effective in promoting their approach to religious education.[Manhaj Salafi merupakan model pendidikan Islam yang baru muncul melengkapi keberadaan model lama, pendidikan pesantren dan madrasah yang keduanya mempunyai sejarah panjang di Indonesia. Kehadiran sekolah Salafi mencerminkan usaha untuk ‘pemurnian Islam’ melalui ketaatan pada konsep mengembalikan ‘Islam autentik’ yang dipraktikkan oleh generasi awal muslim. Sekolah manhaj Salafi merupakan bagian dari gerakan Islam transnasional yang bertujuan menyebarkan ide dan gerakan asal Timur Tengah ke seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Sejauh ini mereka mengembangkan dua model yaitu sekolah Islam terpadu dan pesantren manhaj salafi. Keduanya menerapkan prinsip Islam yang selaras dengan manhaj Salafi serta menyebarluaskan prinsip tersebut dalam praktik keagamaan muslim di Indonesia, meski sekolah Islam terpadu tersebut juga lebih inklusif dan menerapkan kurikulum standar nasional. Artikel ini menantang tesis sebelumnya yang menyatakan bahwa pengaruh pendidikan Salafi di Indonesia luntur oleh peningkatan usaha memerangi teroris global. Namun pada kenyataannya adalah pendidik Salafi mempunyai strategi yang efektif dalam mempromosikan pendekatannya dalam pendidikan keagamaan.]
The Formalization of Sharia in Aceh to Discipline the Female Body
Authors: Qodir Zuly , Jubba Hasse , Hidayati Mega , Mutiarin Dyah
Published: January 2023

The formalization of sharia (particularly regional regulations on sharia in Aceh) since 2001 up to 2019 had incorporated economic and political contents between local and national elites. Such condition was a result of local and national elite interests gaining political advantages wherein sharia was utilized as a tool by the elites to dominate civilians. Due to political interests, civilians became marginalized by sharia. The current article demonstrates that local and national political elites had used sharia for their political interests without considering the substantial purpose of sharia itself. Women, in particular, are disadvantaged by the various regulations (qanun) issued by wilayatul khisbah as the guardians of sharia in Aceh. The article also aims to show existing contradictions between the ideal aspirations of wilayatul khisbah and the actual practice of regional regulations pertaining to sharia on the ground, namely the involvement of political elites in advocating sharia, which has not made people become more religious but provoked them to resist in secret instead. Data in the article were acquired through literature study, field observations, and in-depth interviews with a number of informants[Formalisasi syariah Islam di Aceh melalui Peraturan Daerah (Qanun) sejak 2001 telah melibatkan kolaborasi ekonomi dan politik antara elit lokal dan nasional. Situasi tersebut menyebabkan kepentingan elit lokal dan nasional berebut keuntungan politis sebagai alat mendominasi warganya, sehingga menyebabkan kepentingan warga termarjinalisasi. Artikel ini membahas elit lokal dan nasional yang memanfaatkan syariat Islam untuk kepentingannya sendiri tanpa mempertimbangkan tujuan utamanya. Perempuan sering dirugikan oleh sejumlah aturan yang dikeluarkan oleh tim penegak syariat Islam (wilayatul khisbah). Artikel ini juga memperlihatkan kontradiksi antara  aspirasi ideal dan praktik di lapangan lembaga wilayatul khisbah yang mana keterlibatan elit politik dalam advokasi syariat Islam tidak mendorong lebih religius tetapi justru mendorong warga melawan diam-diam. Data artikel ini didapatkan dari studi literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan.]
Zakat, Islamic Virtues, and Social Justice: A Case of the Chiang Mai Zakat (Bayt al-Māl) Fund in Chiang Mai Province of Thailand
Authors: Rimpeng Laila
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to study Islamic virtues underlying the reform and practice of the Chiang Mai Zakat (Bayt al-Māl) Fund to promote social justice in Muslim communities Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with its key figures including three advisors, three administrative members and one supporting staff. Non-participatory observation was also conducted on its activities between 2017 and 2018. The data were analyzed to find out about religious motivation and understandings behind the organizational reform and practice. Findings showed that three Islamic virtues of amānah, ikhlās and ukhūwah provided a guiding framework for the Chiang Mai Zakat (Bayt al-Māl) Fund in its effort to meet the social goal of the Islamic prescription of zakat and respond to needs of underprivileged Muslims. [Artikel ini membahas keutamaan nilai Islam pada konteks reformasi dan praktik dari rumah zakat Chiang Mai dalam mempromosikan keadilan sosial pada komunitas muslim di Provinsi Chiang Mai, Thailand. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam pada tokoh kunci lembaga seperti; penasehat, staf administrasi dan staf pembantu. Pengamatan lapangan dilakukan antara 2017-2018. Kesimpulan analisisnya menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan motivasi agama menjadi landasan praktik dan reformasi organisasi. Amanah, ikhlas dan ukhuwah merupakan tiga nilai yang menjadi kerangka panduan lembaga zakat Chiang Mai dalam mempertemukan nilai sosial wajib zakat dengan kelompok muslim yang kurang mampu secara ekonomi.]
Implementation of Mathematics Learning For Early Childhood Through The Traditional Bekel Ball Game
Authors: Aini Anisa Nurul , Widjayatri RR. Deni , Fatihaturosyidah  , Esya Anesty Mashudi  , Lizza Suzanti  , Budhi Tristyanto
Published: January 2023

There are several things that need to be prepared to support children's development through the learning process, one of which is preparing media that can support aspects of their development. Most teachers only use an approach in the form of media images through worksheets without any modifications in the form of games. The purpose of this study is to describe the related Implementation of Mathematical Learning for Early Childhood 4-6 years Through the Traditional Game of Bekel Ball at PG-TK Islam Tirtayasa. This research uses a qualitative method. The research subjects were children aged 4-6 years old. With data collection techniques through an interview, observation, and documentation, classroom Action Research is an activity to improve learning practices to learning activities from problems that arise in learning situations. The results of the study are that there is an increase in the symbols for numbers 1-10 and knowing the shape of a circular geometric circle which if written in proportion is knowing the symbols for numbers 1-10 which is caused by stimulation of the child's brain for cognitive aspects through congklak media, as many children develop very well (BSB) 70% and children who develop as expected as much as 30% while children who know the geometry of circles with an unprecedented development rate as much as 80% and who develop as expected as much as 20%. This is also shown when the process of bekel ball games is done, namely the enthusiasm of children in playing and children are delighted when playing ball together with their friends so that the child does not feel that he is learning as well.
O przestępstwach i karach, ale nie tylko
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: January 2023

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Karol Wojciechowski, Johna F. Kennedy’ego idealizm bez złudzeń. Myśl polityczno-prawna 35. Prezydenta USA; Karol Wojciechowski (red.), John F. Kennedy. Lekcje dla współczesności
Authors: Zmierczak Maria
Published: January 2023

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Prawa Lipit-Esztara
Authors: Mikołajczak Tytus
Published: January 2023

Artykuł przedstawia nowe i aktualne tłumaczenie praw Lipit-Esztara (ok. 1936-1926 p.n.e.) z języka sumeryjskiego na język polski. Lipit-Esztar był władcą I dynastii Isin, która rozpoczęła okres starobabiloński w historii starożytnej Mezopotamii. Jego prawa cechuje więc wiele podobieństw do praw Hammurabiego.
Ludzie króla, czyli prokuratura francuska przed 1789 r.
Authors: Turek Piotr
Published: January 2023

Prokuratura narodziła się we Francji w XIII w., gdzie następnie kształtowała się przez wiele stuleci, aby u schyłku monarchii absolutnej stać się trwałym, a zarazem niezwykle istotnym i wysoko cenionym elementem sądownictwa. W literaturze polskojęzycznej ten okres historii prokuratury traktowany był dotąd marginalnie. Chcąc wypełnić tę lukę, autor analizuje okoliczności powstania prokuratury francuskiej, a następnie omawia jej organizację, funkcjonowanie i najważniejsze zadania, skupiając się na XVII i XVIII w. Prokuratura jest ukazana w swoim historycznym kostiumie, który odłożony na bok odsłania instytucję borykającą się z wyzwaniami o charakterze ponadczasowym. Prokuratorzy ówcześni korzystają bowiem z daleko idącej niezależności, przy jednoczesnej podwójnej podległości królowi i hierarchii sądowej, a także odgrywają z powodzeniem sprzeczne niekiedy role członków sądownictwa i reprezentantów władzy królewskiej w sądach, obrońców praw indywidualnych i wyrazicieli interesów władzy centralnej, funkcjonariuszy tworzących prawo i czuwających nad jego stosowaniem, członków elity społecznej i adwokatów wdów i sierot. Autor opisuje także specyfikę ówczesnej prokuratury, w tym jej silne zróżnicowanie wewnętrzne na poszczególne kategorie funkcjonariuszy, a także jej funkcjonowanie w sposób kolegialny, co w parlamentach upodobniało ją do izby sądowej. Przytacza również przykłady działania prokuratorów w ówczesnych realiach prawnych, w tym prezentowane przez nich stanowiska procesowe.
FARKLI SEKTÖRLERDE ÇALIŞAN KİŞİLERİN SANAL KAYTARMA FARKLILIKLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KIRAN Selçuk , USLU Tuğba Gülten , EMRE İlkim Ecem
Published: January 2023

Sanal kaytarma, iş yerinde internetin kişisel kullanımı ile ortaya çıkan davranış biçimidir. Bu çalışmada teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle kaçınılmaz bir davranış haline gelen sanal kaytarmanın çalışan insanların hayatında ne kadar yer aldığına değinilmiştir. Çalışma, farklı demografik faktörlerin ve katılımcıların çalıştıkları sektörlerin sanal kaytarma davranışlarını etkileyip etkilemediğinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Demografik özellikler ve sanal kaytarmayı ölçmek için hazırlanmış sorular ile yapılan ankete beş yüz yirmi altı (526) kişi katılmıştır. Bulgulara göre farklı sanal kaytarma türlerini etkileyen demografik faktörler ortaya konmuştur. Medeni hal ile sanal kaytarma davranışı arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu görülmüştür. Önemli sanal kaytarmanın sosyal medya uygulamalarından Instagram kullanımına göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Twitter kullanımının ise tüm sanal kaytarma türlerine göre farklılaştığı sonucu elde edilmiştir. Önemsiz sanal kaytarma davranışının; eğitim grupları ve iş dışı internet kullanım sürelerine bağlı olarak, önemli sanal kaytarma davranışı ise aylık gelir, yaş, iş dışı internet gruplarına göre farklılık gösterdiği ortaya konmuştur. Genel kaytarma davranışı için ise yaş grupları ve iş dışı internet kullanım gruplarına göre farklılık tespit edilmiştir.
CLASSIFYING CUSTOMER HANDCRAFT JEWELLERY REQUIREMENTS AND DETERMINING SATISFACTION LEVELS USING THE KANO MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF OLTU STONE (JET STONE)
Authors: ERCİŞ Muhammet Ersegün , KAYA Çiğdem
Published: January 2023

Manufacturers face a constant challenge of determining how to satisfy customers, and customer satisfaction largely determines customers’ willingness to buy the products. The principal way to succeed in the market is to understand customer needs and design and develop products that meet customer expectations. To accomplish this, analysis of customer needs, expectations and requirements should be conducted. Despite efforts in the handcraft sector, many products still fail to live up to customers’ expectations. When such products enter into the market, resources are wasted. It is essential to thoroughly analyse consumer needs and form designs accordingly to prevent such failure. The aim of this study was to classify consumer requirements for handcrafted jewellery and determine how much craftsmen products satisfy them. The Kano classification was grouped under three categories: exciting, expected and indifferent. In all the analyses, handcrafts were categorised under existing requirements, such as exclusive design and nature-inspired craft.
Extracellular vesicles and insulin‐mediated vascular function in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ragland Tristan J. , Heiston Emily M. , Ballantyne Anna , Stewart Nathan R. , La Salvia Sabrina , Musante Luca , Luse Melissa A. , Isakson Brant E. , Erdbrügger Uta , Malin Steven K.
Published: January 2023

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) raises cardiovascular disease risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of insulin sensitivity, although few studies on vascular function exist in humans. We determined the effect of insulin on EVs in relation to vascular function. Adults with MetS (n = 51, n = 9 M, 54.8 ± 1.0 years, 36.4 ± 0.7 kg/m2, ATPIII: 3.5 ± 0.1 a.u., VO2max: 22.1 ± 0.6 ml/kg/min) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (M‐value) was determined during a euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 90 mg/dl), and blood was collected for EVs (CD105+, CD45+, CD41+, TX+, and CD31+; spectral flow cytometry), inflammation, insulin, and substrates. Central hemodynamics (applanation tonometry) was determined at 0 and 120 min via aortic waveforms. Pressure myography was used to assess insulin‐induced arterial vasodilation from mouse 3rd order mesenteric arteries (100–200 μm in diameter) at 0.2, 2 and 20 nM of insulin with EVs from healthy and MetS adults. Adults with MetS had low peripheral insulin sensitivity (2.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg/min) and high HOMA‐IR (4.7 ± 0.4 a.u.) plus Adipose‐IR (13.0 ± 1.3 a.u.). Insulin decreased total/particle counts (p < 0.001), CD45+ EVs (p = 0.002), AIx75 (p = 0.005) and Pb (p = 0.04), FFA (p < 0.001), total adiponectin (p = 0.006), ICAM (p = 0.002), and VCAM (p = 0.03). Higher M‐value related to lower fasted total EVs (r = −0.40, p = 0.004) while higher Adipose‐IR associated with higher fasted EVs (r = 0.42, p = 0.004) independent of VAT. Fasting CD105+ and CD45+ derived total EVs correlated with fasting AIx75 (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and Pb (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). EVs from MetS participants blunted insulin‐induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries compared with increases from healthy controls across insulin doses (all p < 0.005). These data highlight EVs as potentially novel mediators of vascular insulin sensitivity and disease risk.
Maximal fascicle shortening velocity measurements in human medial gastrocnemius muscle in vivo
Authors: Kubo Keitaro
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the maximal fascicle shortening velocity under near‐no‐load conditions. In addition, we determined whether the rate of torque development during ballistic contraction was related to maximal fascicle shortening velocity. Under passive and active conditions, the medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicle shortening velocity was measured using ultrasonography at 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 ° s−1. The maximal fascicle shortening velocity was defined as the fascicle shortening velocity under the lowest angular velocity that satisfied the following two conditions; (1) the difference in torque values between passive and active conditions was below 2.4 Nm and (2) the difference in fascicle shortening velocities between passive and active conditions was below 10 mm s−1. The rate of torque development was analyzed during the periods of 32, 48, 96, 152, and 200 ms after the onset of contraction during ballistic contraction. At the angular velocity (678.6 ± 147.7 ° s−1) that satisfied the two previously mentioned conditions, the exerted torque and the maximal fascicle shortening velocity were 1.4 ± 1.3 Nm and 251.0 ± 40.5 mm s−1. No significant correlations were found between the maximal fascicle shortening velocity and the rate of torque development at each time point. In conclusion, the maximal fascicle shortening velocity was quantified when the angular velocity satisfied the two conditions. Furthermore, the rate of torque development, often used as an indicator of muscle velocity, did not represent the maximal fascicle shortening velocity.
Conceptualization of first-order politeness in Russia: an exploratory study
Authors: Trubnikova Victoriya
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to explore how politeness is conceptualized in modern Russia. The study adopts a bottom-up approach and gathers conceptualizations of different aspects of politeness by lay native Russian speakers. This study uses an open-ended questionnaire to elicit the concepts people generally associate with politeness, descriptive labels for polite people, as well as individual experiences of polite and impolite behavior. The data for the research was gathered through 50 questionnaires composed of five questions. In total, 217 metapragmatic comments and 155 recollections of past experiences were obtained. The results of this study suggest that politeness is understood mostly in terms of expectable social behavior and serves a regulatory function. It indicates that culturally-specific concepts can fit into the framework of personal, relational and social underpinnings of politeness. This vision embraces a holistic view on politeness as a social tool of efficient interaction.
A fenntartható településfejlesztés vizsgálata a Velencei-tó térségében
Authors:   Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Department of Environmental Economics and Sustainability, Nagy-Szijártó Boglárka Csilla , Szalmáné Csete Mária ,   Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Department of Environmental Economics and Sustainability
Published: January 2023

The focus of the present study is the sustainability of the settlements in the Lake Velence area, especially Velence and Gardony, which are at the center of pressure by tourism in the area. At the beginning of the study, immediately after the introduction of the concepts of sustainability and tourism destination management and the characterization of Lake Velence and its tourism, a comparative assessment of the Integrated Settlement Development Strategies of the cities of Velence and Gárdony is presented. Gárdony’s strategy focuses on the sustainability of the economy and the urban and natural environment, while Velence has a stronger social aspect. The study determined the strengths and weaknesses, which are in line with the results of the indicator-based research presented in the second part of the study that aimed to establish the sustainability ranking of the region. We considered the direction and extent of changes between 2010 and 2018 and compared it with the absolute data series for 2018. Velence and Gárdony are in the middle category in the sustainability rankings, while Velence is among the best in the latter.
The Solar Irradiance Coefficient as an Empirical Parameter in Tests of Accelerated Aging by Weathering on Costa Rican Asphalt Binders
Authors: Viana Guzmán Stanlyn , Baldi Sevilla Alejandra , Elizondo Salas Ana Luisa
Published: January 2023

The current asphalt aging tests that incorporate climatic factors at scale such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, rainfall, evaporation, and condensation phenomena, as well as temperature, present general scaling conditions because of the great climatic variability that is intended to simulate. Because of this, in the present article, a methodology applied to the radiation factor in the Costa Rican territory was designed, which is called the solar irradiance coefficient (SIC). This corresponds to a regional weighting of the annual direct solar radiation with respect to the total national direct solar radiation. Using the SIC, regions of low, medium, and high irradiance were determined and, consequently, test values to be scaled through the UV light source. Based on the studies carried out, the regional classification of solar radiation concluded by the SIC provides values more accurate to the service conditions of the asphalts in Costa Rica, which improves the information collected on the performance of the material in the tests of accelerated aging by weathering.
Microglial Expression of the Wnt Signaling ModulatorDKK2Differs between Human Alzheimer’s Disease Brains and Mouse Neurodegeneration Models
Authors: Aghaizu Nozie D. , Jolly Sarah , Samra Satinder K. , Kalmar Bernadett , Craessaerts Katleen , Greensmith Linda , Salinas Patricia C. , De Strooper Bart , Whiting Paul J.
Published: January 2023

Wnt signaling is crucial for synapse and cognitive function. Indeed, deficient Wnt signaling is causally related to increased expression ofDKK1,an endogenous negative Wnt regulator, and synapse loss, both of which likely contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasingly, AD research efforts have probed the neuroinflammatory role of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, which have furthermore been shown to be modulated by Wnt signaling. TheDKK1homologDKK2has been previously identified as an activated response and/or disease-associated microglia (DAM/ARM) gene in a mouse model of AD. Here, we performed a detailed analysis ofDKK2in mouse models of neurodegeneration, and in human AD brain. InAPP/PS1andAPPNL-G-FAD mouse model brains as well as inSOD1G93AALS mouse model spinal cords, but not in control littermates, we demonstrated significant microgliosis and microglialDkk2mRNA upregulation in a disease-stage-dependent manner. In the AD models, these DAM/ARMDkk2+microglia preferentially accumulated close to βAmyloid plaques. Furthermore, recombinant DKK2 treatment of rat hippocampal primary neurons blocked WNT7a-induced dendritic spine and synapse formation, indicative of an anti-synaptic effect similar to that of DKK1. In stark contrast, no such microglialDKK2upregulation was detected in the postmortem human frontal cortex from individuals diagnosed with AD or pathologic aging. In summary, the difference in microglial expression of the DAM/ARM geneDKK2between mouse models and human AD brain highlights the increasingly recognized limitations of using mouse models to recapitulate facets of human neurodegenerative disease.
Deeper Than You Think: Partisanship-Dependent Brain Responses in Early Sensory and Motor Brain Regions
Authors: Katabi Noa , Simon Hadas , Yakim Sharon , Ravreby Inbal , Ohad Tal , Yeshurun Yaara
Published: January 2023

Recent political polarization has illustrated how individuals with opposing political views often experience ongoing events in markedly different ways. In this study, we explored the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. We conducted fMRI scanning of 34 right- and left-wing participants (45% females) watching political videos (e.g., campaign ads and political speeches) just before the elections in Israel. As expected, we observed significant differences between left- and right-wing participants in their interpretation of the videos' content. Furthermore, neuroimaging results revealed partisanship-dependent differences in activation and synchronization in higher-order regions. Surprisingly, such differences were also revealed in early sensory, motor, and somatosensory regions. We found that the political content synchronized the responses of primary visual and auditory cortices in a partisanship-dependent manner. Moreover, right-wing (and not left-wing) individuals' sensorimotor cortex was involved in processing right-wing (and not left-wing) political content. These differences were pronounced to the extent that we could predict political orientation from the early brain-response alone. Importantly, no such differences were found with respect to neutral content. Therefore, these results uncover more fundamental neural mechanisms underlying processes of political polarization.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe political sphere has become highly polarized in recent years. Would it be possible to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning such processes? In our study, left- and right-wing participants were scanned in fMRI while watching political video clips just before the elections in Israel. We found that political content was potent in synchronizing the brain responses of individuals holding similar views. This was far more pronounced in individuals holding right-wing views. Moreover, partisan-dependent differences in neural responses were identified already in early sensory, somatosensory, and motor regions, and only for political content. These results suggest that individuals' political views shape their neural responses at a very basic level.
EFFECT OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES ON PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY DURING PRODUCTION OF BLACK CARROT VINEGAR
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Süeda , BAĞDER ELMACI Simel , ÖZÇELİK Filiz
Published: January 2023

Black carrots and black carrot-derived products have gained great popularity in recent years due to their significant content of health-promoting bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study focuses on the production of vinegar from black carrot juice (BCJ) derived from black carrot juice concentrate (BCJC), to attain a food product with nutritional added value. In this study, the effect of alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and acetic acid fermentation by four different vinegar starters (grape, apple, alcohol vinegar, and the mixture of grape and apple vinegar) on some physicochemical properties (pH, total acidity, total dry matter, reducing sugar, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity) of BCJ was investigated. The results obtained indicated that processing the BCJ into black carrot wine (BCW) led to an overall reduction of only 4% in total phenolic contents, and a further decrease of 21-32% in total phenolic content was observed in black carrot vinegars (BCVs) due to the acetification process, on a weight-to-volume basis (mg/L). A similar decreasing trend was also determined for the antioxidant activity throughout the vinegar production process. Total phenolic content was not affected by inoculation with any of the seed vinegars since the difference between the total phenolic contents with respect to the four different vinegar starters was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). In general, the BCW and BCVs (regardless of the type of inoculum) produced in this study exhibited better bioactive properties compared to their commercial counterparts (C-BCW and C-BCV). In conclusion, vinegar was successfully produced from black carrot by retaining a considerable amount of its nutraceutical components
Psychometric Properties of the Chilean Version of the Oviedo Grit Scale
Authors: Postigo Alvaro , Barria Javier , Cuesta Marcelino , García-Cueto Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Grit is a non-cognitive variable that helps predict important variables in people’s lives, such as academic, sport, and work performance, physical and mental health, and subjective well-being. However, there are few instruments measuring grit in the Chilean context. The aim of this study is to contribute new evidence of validity of the Oviedo Grit Scale (Escala Grit de Oviedo; EGO) through its adaptation to a Chilean sample. A sample of 359 Chilean participants was used (Myears= 41.28; SDyears= 11.09; 69.4% women), from the 16 regions that make up the Chilean territory. The unidimensionality of the EGO was confirmed in the Chilean context, also showing scalar invariance in terms of sex. The reliability of the scores on the EGO was excellent (α = .92; ω = .92), showing high correlations with grit, measured through the Grit-S scale (r = .577), self-control (r = .500), self-efficacy (r = .809), and productiveness (r = .679). In addition, the EGO showed statistically significant differences in terms of age. It is concluded that it is a reliable, valid, and brief scale to evaluate grit, and thus this construct can be studied in relation to important variables that affect people’s lives.