bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terahertz absorption-saturation and emission from electron-doped germanium quantum wells
Authors: Ciano Chiara , Virgilio Michele , Bagolini Luigi , Baldassarre Leonetta , Pashkin Alexej , Helm Manfred , Montanari Michele , Persichetti Luca , Di Gaspare Luciana , Capellini Giovanni , Paul Douglas J. , Scalari Giacomo , Faist Jèrome , De Seta Monica , Ortolani Michele
Published: January 2020

We study radiative relaxation at terahertz frequencies in n-type Ge/SiGe quantum wells, optically pumped with a terahertz free electron laser. Two wells coupled through a tunneling barrier are designed to operate as a three-level laser system with non-equilibrium population generated by optical pumping around the 1→3 intersubband transition at 10 THz. The non-equilibrium subband population dynamics are studied by absorption-saturation measurements and compared to a numerical model. In the emission spectroscopy experiment, we observed a photoluminescence peak at 4 THz, which can be attributed to the 3→2 intersubband transition with possible contribution from the 2→1 intersubband transition. These results represent a step towards silicon-based integrated terahertz emitters.
Patterning nanoscale crossed grating with high uniformity by using two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors based interference lithography
Authors: Xue Gaopeng , Lu Haiou , Li Xinghui , Zhou Qian , Wu Guanhao , Wang Xiaohao , Zhai Qihang , Ni Kai
Published: January 2020

A two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors interferometer based optical fabrication system was theoretically investigated and constructed for patterning high-uniformity nanoscale crossed grating structures over a large area with a high throughput. The current interferometer was configured with two reflected mirrors and a grating holder, which are placed edge by edge and orthogonal with each other. In such a manner, the two beams reflected from the two mirrors interfere with the incident beam, respectively, forming a crossed grating patterns with only one exposure. Differing from the conventional solution for elimination of unexpected interference between the two reflected beams, a systematical analysis, that is based on the proposed index indicating the non-orthogonality between the two beams at different incident angles, was conducted by using a spatial full polarization tracing method. Without polarization modulation to eliminate the additional interference, an optimal exposure condition with small non-orthogonality between reflected beams was found at a certain incident angle range, while the two required interferences to construct cross grating still remain high. A pattern period of ∼1 µm-level crossed grating structure could be obtained through balancing the structure area and the non-orthogonality. Finally, the exposure setup with orthogonal two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors interferometer is established, and the crossed grating structure with the periods of 1076 nm along X-direction and 1091 nm along Y-direction was successfully fabricated on a silicon substrate via microfabrication technology over a large area of 400 mm2. The uniformity of crossed grating array over the whole area was evaluated by an atomic force microscope, and the standard deviations of structure periods along X- and Y-directions smaller than 0.3% are achieved. It is demonstrated that the orthogonal two-axis Lloyd’s mirrors interferometer based on single-beam single-exposure scheme with non-orthogonality systematic analysis is an effective approach to fabricate crossed grating patterns of 1 µm-level period with high uniformity over a large area.
Underwater spatially, spectrally, and temporally resolved optical monitoring of aquatic fauna
Authors: Duan Z. , Yuan Y. , Lu J. C. , Wang J. L. , Li Y. , Svanberg S. , Zhao G. Y.
Published: January 2020

A continuous-wave (CW) Scheimpflug underwater multi-spectral lidar system was constructed to monitor aquatic fauna with spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution. Utilizing a 1 W 414 nm diode laser and a detection set-up with a reflective grating, measurements of shrimp pleopod movements at fixed range, and the swimming of small fish trapped in a clear tube were performed in a 5 m ×0.6 m ×0.6 m water tank. The spatial resolution is about 5 mm, the spectral resolution is 10 nm (from 400 nm to 700 nm), and with proper binning of the CCD, a read-out repetition rate up to 150 Hz can be reached. The experimental results demonstrate that the underwater Scheimpflug lidar system has great potential for detailed monitoring of the small aquatic fauna in oceanic environments.
Characterizing photon number statistics using conjugate optical homodyne detection
Authors: Qi Bing , Lougovski Pavel , Williams Brian P.
Published: January 2020

We study the problem of determining the photon number statistics of an unknown quantum state using conjugate optical homodyne detection. We quantify the information gain in a single-shot measurement and show that the photon number statistics can be recovered in repeated measurements on an ensemble of identical input states without scanning the phase of the input state or randomizing the phase of the local oscillator used in homodyne detection. We demonstrate how the expectation maximization algorithm and Bayesian inference can be utilized to facilitate the reconstruction and illustrate our approach by conducting experiments to study the photon number distributions of a weak coherent state and a thermal state source.
Polarized-state-based coding strategy and phase image estimation method for robust 3D measurement
Authors: Zhu Zhenmin , Xie Yulin , Cen Yigang
Published: January 2020

Polarized structured light is a novel method to measure shiny surface. However, the SNR of the captured image was affected by the additional polarizing filter. And the blurred influence of camera defocus was also strengthened. The accuracy of fringe edges detection was reduced. In this paper, a polarized-state-based structured light coding strategy and a phase image estimation method are proposed to improve the measurement robustness. To preserve the coding message in the complex environment, a special polarized-state-based coding strategy is adopted. To reduce the error which induced by additional polarizing filter and extracting the information from the saturated areas as much as possible, a phase image estimation method based on Stokes parameter is proposed. Compared with the traditional polarization-based structured light system, the experimental setup of proposed method is configured without any additional hardware. The experiment shows that the interference of camera defocus is remarkably reduced and the robustness of fringe edges detection is improved.
Time-domain terahertz compressive imaging
Authors: Zanotto L. , Piccoli R. , Dong J. , Caraffini D. , Morandotti R. , Razzari L.
Published: January 2020

We present an implementation of the single-pixel imaging approach into a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system. We demonstrate the indirect coherent reconstruction of THz temporal waveforms at each spatial position of an object, without the need of mechanical raster-scanning. First, we exploit such temporal information to realize (far-field) time-of-flight images. In addition, as a proof of concept, we apply a typical compressive sensing algorithm to demonstrate image reconstruction with less than 50% of the total required measurements. Finally, the access to frequency domain is also demonstrated by reconstructing spectral images of an object featuring an absorption line in the THz range. The combination of single-pixel imaging with compressive sensing algorithms allows to reduce both complexity and acquisition time of current THz-TDS imaging systems.
3D broadband waveguide cloak and light squeezing in terahertz regime
Authors: Zhu Shan , Cao Yanyan , Fu Yangyang , Gao Lei , Li Xiaochao , Chen Huanyang , Xu Yadong
Published: January 2020

In this work, by engineering a dielectric layer with gradient thickness in a circular waveguide, we present a simple method of realizing a 3D broadband waveguide cloak at terahertz regime. It is numerically shown that such a proposed device exhibits nearly perfect cloaking performance with a broadband response for transverse electric polarization, and the working mechanism behind the waveguide cloaking is attributed to dynamic evolution of the guided mode. Distinct from all previous cloaks using transformation optics, our proposed cloak scheme only requires isotropic dielectric material and therefore is much easier to implement, which enables more superiorities in potential applications.
Chirped anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide for the distributed sensing of pressure
Authors: Gao Ran , Zhang Qi , Xin Xiangjun , Tian Qinghua , Tian Feng
Published: January 2020

A chirped anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) for the simultaneous measurement of pressure intensity and spatial localization has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An etched chirped ARROW was fabricated, which shows a chirped spectral characteristic. Additionally, an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer is also formed with the core mode and higher-order modes. The pressure intensity and the spatial localization can be detected by interrogating the wavelength shift of the in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the chirped ARROW, respectively. The experimental results show that the pressure sensitivity of

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and the spatial sensitivity of 0.86 nm/cm can be achieved. The proposed fiber optic sensor can be used for multipoint pressure detection in the fields of security, structure monitoring, and oil exploration, etc.
Real-time terahertz wave channeling via multifunctional metagratings: a sparse array of all-graphene scatterers
Authors: Behroozinia Sahar , Rajabalipanah Hamid , Abdolali Ali
Published: January 2020

Acquiring full control over a large number of diffraction orders can be strongly attractive in the case of realizing multifunctional devices such as multichannel reflectors. Recently, the concept of metagrating has been introduced, which enables obtaining the desired diffraction pattern through a sparse periodic array of engineered scatterers. In this Letter, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a tunable all-graphene multichannel meta-reflector is proposed for operating at terahertz (THz) frequencies. In the supercell level, the designed metagrating is composed of three graphene ribbons of different controllable chemical potentials which can be regarded as a five-channel THz meta-reflector. By choosing proper distribution of DC voltages feeding the ribbons, our design can realize different intriguing functionalities such as anomalous reflection, retroreflection, and three-channel power splitting within a single shared aperture and with high efficiency. This Letter paves the way toward designing highly efficient and tunable THz multichannel meta-reflectors with many potential applications in photonics and optoelectronics.
Hartmann–Shack wavefront reconstruction with bitmap image processing
Authors: Bezzubik Vitalii , Belashenkov Nikolai , Soloviev Oleg , Vasilyev Vladimir , Vdovin Gleb
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, we report on an algorithm and its implementation to reconstruct the wavefront as a continuous function from a bitmap image of the Hartmann–Shack pattern. The approach works with arbitrary raster geometry and does not require explicit spot definition and phase unwrapping. The system matrix, defining the coefficients of wavefront decomposition in the system of basis functions, is obtained as a result of a series of convolutions and thresholding operations on the reference and sample images.
Graphene mode-locked operation of Tm3+:YLiF4 and Tm3+:KY3F10 lasers near 2.3  µm
Authors: Muti Abdullah , Canbaz Ferda , Tonelli Mauro , Eun Bae Ji , Rotermund Fabian , Petrov Valentin , Sennaroglu Alphan
Published: January 2020

We report experimental demonstration of graphene mode-locked operation of

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(YLF) and

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(KYF) lasers near 2.3 µm. To scale up the intracavity pulse energy, the cavity was extended, and double-end pumping was employed with a continuous-wave, tunable

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laser delivering up to 1 W near 780 nm. The extended

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laser cavity was purged with dry nitrogen to eliminate pulsing instabilities due to atmospheric absorption lines, but this was not needed in the case of the

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laser. Once initiated by graphene, stable uninterrupted mode-locked operation could be maintained with both lasers. With the extended cavity

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laser, 921 fs pulses were generated at a repetition rate of 17.2 MHz at 2304 nm. 739 fs pulses were obtained at the repetition rate of 54 MHz from the

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laser at 2340 nm. The corresponding pulse energy and peak power were 2.4 nJ and 2.6 kW for the

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laser, and 1.2 nJ and 1.6 kW for the

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laser. We foresee that it should be possible to generate shorter pulses at higher pump levels.
Generation of 14.0  W of single-frequency light at 770  nm by intracavity frequency doubling
Authors: Kwon Minho , Yang Peiyu , Huft Preston , Young Christopher , Ebert Matthew , Saffman Mark
Published: January 2020

We present a continuous, narrow-linewidth, tunable laser system that outputs up to 14.0 W at 770 nm. The light is generated by frequency doubling 18.8 W of light from a 1540 nm fiber amplifier that is seeded by a single-mode diode laser achieving

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conversion efficiency. We utilize a lithium triborate crystal in an enhancement ring cavity. The low intensity noise and narrow linewidth of the 770 nm output are suitable for cold atom experiments.
Waveguide-integrated three-dimensional quasi-phase-matching structures
Authors: Imbrock Jörg , Wesemann Lukas , Kroesen Sebastian , Ayoub Mousa , Denz Cornelia
Published: January 2020

Nonlinear photonic structures with a modulated second-order nonlinearity are used widely for quasi-phase-matched parametric processes. Creating three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear photonic structures is promising but still challenging, since standard poling methods are limited to two-dimensional structures. Light-induced quasi-phase matching (QPM) can overcome this issue by a depletion of the second-order nonlinearity with focused femtosecond laser pulses. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first integration of a 3D QPM structure in the core of a lithium niobate waveguide applying light-induced fabrication. Depressed-cladding waveguides and embedded QPM structures are fabricated by femtosecond laser lithography. The 3D capability is exploited by splitting the QPM gratings in the waveguide core into two or four parts, respectively. These monolithic nonlinear waveguides feature parallel multi-wavelength frequency conversion. Finally, we demonstrate a concept for second-harmonic beam shaping taking advantage of a helically twisted nonlinear structure. Our results open new avenues for creating highly efficient advanced QPM devices.
The intuit: An investigation into the definitions, applications and possibilities offered by intuitive applied theatre practice with vulnerable youth
Authors: Abraham Nicola
Published: January 2020

Abstract This article offers insights into what might constitute intuition in applied theatre practices with vulnerable youth in London. The study will explore the approaches of five theatre companies working with children and vulnerable youth. A lead practitioner from each
company has been interviewed, and the interpretation of the data they have provided has offered new insights into the role of intuition as an approach to ensuring that applied theatre is responsive to young people living precarious lives. The research identifies two aspects of intuitive practice:
one that resides with the actions and thoughts of the practitioner, and the other that involves the acceptance of intuitive creative offerings by participants. The study has also revealed the potential heightening of intuitive responses for practitioners who share history, culture, location
or identities with their participants. As a whole, the findings offer useful potential considerations of key qualities for an intuitive practitioner, or the intuit, working specifically with young people in contexts of uncertainty.
Conservation of Subfossil Bones from a Lacustrine Setting: Uncontrolled and Controlled Drying of Late Quaternary Vertebrate Remains from Cold Lake, Western Canada
Authors: Barrón-Ortiz Christina I. , Sawchuk Matthew R. , Li Carmen , Jass Christopher N.
Published: January 2020

Water-saturated vertebrate remains (e.g., bone, antler, and ivory) are particularly challenging to stabilize for long-term storage, research, and analysis. These types of specimens are sensitive to damage caused by water loss, which frequently results in delamination, twisting, and cracking. The recovery of late Quaternary vertebrate remains from underwater areas of Cold Lake, western Canada, prompted us to conduct a series of analyses to better understand the preservation of the remains and their susceptibility to damage, and to test different conservation techniques to achieve successful drying. X-ray fluorescence analysis of a sample of specimens revealed that the remains have particularly high iron concentrations, a condition that might have contributed to weaken their structure, further compromising their integrity when drying. Additionally, we found that certain bone elements, such as long bones, are more susceptible to severe surface delamination than others, and as a result these specimens should be monitored more closely during their treatment. Of the four drying methods we tested, controlled air-drying produced the best results, followed by solvent-drying. In contrast, vacuum freeze-drying and vacuum freeze-drying with 20% v/v Acrysol WS-24 in water, an acrylic dispersion, while rapid, resulted in differing degrees of delamination and cracking.
BlazeIt
Authors: Kang Daniel , Bailis Peter , Zaharia Matei
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in neural networks (NNs) have enabled automatic querying of large volumes of video data with high accuracy. While these deep NNs can produce accurate annotations of an object's position and type in video, they are computationally expensive and require complex, imperative deployment code to answer queries. Prior work uses approximate filtering to reduce the cost of video analytics, but does not handle two important classes of queries, aggregation and limit queries; moreover, these approaches still require complex code to deploy. To address the computational and usability challenges of querying video at scale, we introduce BlazeIt, a system that optimizes queries of spatiotemporal information of objects in video. BlazeIt accepts queries via FrameQL, a declarative extension of SQL for video analytics that enables video-specific query optimization. We introduce two new query optimization techniques in BlazeIt that are not supported by prior work. First, we develop methods of using NNs as control variates to quickly answer approximate aggregation queries with error bounds. Second, we present a novel search algorithm for cardinality-limited video queries. Through these these optimizations, BlazeIt can deliver up to 83X speedups over the recent literature on video processing.
Mining an "anti-knowledge base" from Wikipedia updates with applications to fact checking and beyond
Authors: Karagiannis Georgios , Trummer Immanuel , Jo Saehan , Khandelwal Shubham , Wang Xuezhi , Yu Cong
Published: January 2020

We introduce the problem of anti-knowledge mining. Our goal is to create an "anti-knowledge base" that contains factual mistakes. The resulting data can be used for analysis, training, and benchmarking in the research domain of automated fact checking. Prior data sets feature manually generated fact checks of famous misclaims. Instead, we focus on the long tail of factual mistakes made by Web authors, ranging from erroneous sports results to incorrect capitals.

We mine mistakes automatically, by an unsupervised approach, from Wikipedia updates that correct factual mistakes. Identifying such updates (only a small fraction of the total number of updates) is one of the primary challenges. We mine anti-knowledge by a multi-step pipeline. First, we filter out candidate updates via several simple heuristics. Next, we correlate Wikipedia updates with other statements made on the Web. Using claim occurrence frequencies as input to a probabilistic model, we infer the likelihood of corrections via an iterative expectation-maximization approach. Finally, we extract mistakes in the form of subject-predicate-object triples and rank them according to several criteria. Our end result is a data set containing over 110,000 ranked mistakes with a precision of 85% in the top 1% and a precision of over 60% in the top 25%. We demonstrate that baselines achieve significantly lower precision. Also, we exploit our data to verify several hypothesis on why users make mistakes. We finally show that the AKB can be used to find mistakes on the entire Web.
Atmospheric refractivity estimation from AIS signal power using the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Tang Wenlong , Cha Hao , Wei Min , Tian Bin , Ren Xichuang
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a new refractivity profile estimation method based on the use of AIS signal power and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm to solve the inverse problem. Automatic identification system (AIS) is a maritime navigation safety communication system that operates in the very high frequency mobile band and was developed primarily for collision avoidance. Since AIS is a one-way communication system which does not need to consider the target echo signal, it can estimate the atmospheric refractivity profile more accurately. Estimating atmospheric refractivity profiles from AIS signal power is a complex nonlinear optimization problem, the QPSO algorithm is adopted to search for the optimal solution from various refractivity parameters, and the inversion results are compared with those of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to validate the superiority of the QPSO algorithm. In order to test the anti-noise ability of the QPSO algorithm, the synthetic AIS signal power with different Gaussian noise levels is utilized to invert the surface-based duct. Simulation results indicate that the QPSO algorithm can invert the surface-based duct using AIS signal power accurately, which verify the feasibility of the new atmospheric refractivity estimation method based on the automatic identification system.
Effect of pouring temperature on cast Al/SiCp and Al/TiB2 metal matrix composites
Authors: Rajaravi C. , Gobalakrishnan B. , Lakshminarayanan P. R.
Published: January 2020

The effect of pouring temperatures of an ex situ (Al/SiCp) and in situ (Al/TiB2) metal matrix composites (MMCs) synthesized using stir casting method were studied. The Al/SiCp composite were fabricated by mixing of 6wt.% of SiCp into cast A356 aluminium alloy melt and poured at diverse pouring temperatures (730∘C, 750∘C and 770∘C). The Al/TiB2 MMCs were obtained by melting A356 aluminium alloy and mixing of KBF4 and K2TiF6 precursor salts whose stoichiometric ratio composition corresponds to 6wt.% of TiB2 reinforcement and other parameters were constant (stirring speed 300 RPM and holding time 30 minutes). The composite melt was poured into the permanent mould with varied pouring temperatures (800∘C, 820∘C and 840∘C). Coarser and homogenous SiC particles were presented in the Al/SiCp MMCs, whereas, finer and uniformly distributed TiB2 particles were appeared at the MMCs of Al/TiB2. The mechanical properties viz. tensile strength, fracture toughness and hardness of Al/SiCp and Al/TiB2 MMCs were experimentally determined as per the ASTM standards and compared. Higher tensile and fracture strength were occurred at the MMCs of Al/TiB2 as compared to Al/SiCp MMCs and base alloy of aluminium as well. Maximum hardness was attained at the pouring temperatures of 820∘C and 750∘C in the MMCs of Al/ TiB2 and Al/SiCp, respectively.
Educational intervention improves measurement of blood pressure skills in Iranian medical students
Authors: Pezeshki Mohammad Zakaria , Moghaddas Fatemeh , Ghaffari Samad
Published: January 2020

Background: The routine method of measuring blood pressure (BP) is subject to numerous pitfalls. We evaluated the impact of a guidelines-based educational intervention on improvement of BP determination by fourth-year Iranian medical students. Methods: Using a consecutive sampling technique, 103 fourth-year medical students were recruited during their rotation in the Department of Community and Family Medicine at the Tabriz Medical School at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. All students attended a 3-hour training class covering accurate BP measurement. Using a valid checklist, sixteen elements of BP measurement skills were assessed among students before and after two weeks of training. McNemar’s test, paired-sample t tests and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to compare the data before and after training using SPSS version 23. Results: The study showed that before the training class most of the elements of BP measurement skills were not performed by most of the students, and 9 of 16 BP measurement skills were only performed by <20% of the students. Following the training class, however, 14 of 16 BP measurement skills were performed by >70% of the students. Before training, mean/SD of correctly-performed-skills out of 16 skills was 4.76/2.03. After training, the mean/SD was 13.99/5.19 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a significant improvement in medical students’ BP measurement skills after a 3-hour course of training. Thus, it appears that periodic training sessions of accurate BP measurement for medical students may be of great benefit and equal importance in medical schools.
Low-dose UV radiation before running wheel access activates brown adipose tissue
Authors: Allemann Tristan S , Dhamrait Gursimran K , Fleury Naomi J , Abel Tamara N , Hart Prue H , Lucas Robyn M , Matthews Vance B , Gorman Shelley
Published: January 2020

In previous preclinical studies, low (non-burning) doses of UV radiation (UVR) limited weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Here, we explored the effects of low-dose UVR on physical activity and food intake and mechanistic pathways in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Young adult C57Bl/6J male mice, housed as individuals, were fed a high-fat diet and exposed to low-dose UVR (sub-oedemal, 1 kJ/m2 UVB, twice-a-week) or ‘mock’ treatment, with or without running wheel access (2 h, for ‘moderate’ physical activity) immediately after phototherapy. There was no difference in distance run in mice exposed to UVR or mock-treated over 12 weeks of exposure to running wheels (P = 0.14). UVR (alone) did not significantly affect food intake, adiposity, or signs of glucose dysfunction. Access to running wheels increased food intake (after 10 weeks, P ≤ 0.02) and reduced gonadal white adipose tissue and iBAT mass (P ≤ 0.03). Body weight and hepatic steatosis were lowest in mice exposed to UVR with running wheel access. In the iBAT of mice exposed to UVR and running wheels, elevated Atgl, Cd36, Fasn, Igf1, Pparγ, and Ucp1 mRNAs and reduced CD11c on F4-80 + MHC class II+ macrophages were observed, while renal Sglt2 mRNA levels were increased, compared to high-fat diet alone (P ≤ 0.03). Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not increased by exposure to UVR and/or access to running wheels. In conclusion, when combined with physical activity, low-dose UVR may more effectively limit adiposity (specifically, body weight and hepatic steatosis) and modulate metabolic and immune pathways in iBAT.
Evolution of Reproductive Behavior
Authors: Anholt Robert R H , O’Grady Patrick , Wolfner Mariana F , Harbison Susan T
Published: January 2020

Behaviors associated with reproduction are major contributors to the evolutionary success of organisms and are subject to many evolutionary forces, including natural and sexual selection, and sexual conflict. Successful reproduction involves a range of behaviors, from finding an appropriate mate, courting, and copulation, to the successful production and (in oviparous animals) deposition of eggs following mating. As a consequence, behaviors and genes associated with reproduction are often under strong selection and evolve rapidly. Courtship rituals in flies follow a multimodal pattern, mediated through visual, chemical, tactile, and auditory signals. Premating behaviors allow males and females to assess the species identity, reproductive state, and condition of their partners. Conflicts between the “interests” of individual males, and/or between the reproductive strategies of males and females, often drive the evolution of reproductive behaviors. For example, seminal proteins transmitted by males often show evidence of rapid evolution, mediated by positive selection. Postmating behaviors, including the selection of oviposition sites, are highly variable and Drosophila species span the spectrum from generalists to obligate specialists. Chemical recognition features prominently in adaptation to host plants for feeding and oviposition. Selection acting on variation in pre-, peri-, and postmating behaviors can lead to reproductive isolation and incipient speciation. Response to selection at the genetic level can include the expansion of gene families, such as those for detecting pheromonal cues for mating, or changes in the expression of genes leading to visual cues such as wing spots that are assessed during mating. Here, we consider the evolution of reproductive behavior in Drosophila at two distinct, yet complementary, scales. Some studies take a microevolutionary approach, identifying genes and networks involved in reproduction, and then dissecting the genetics underlying complex behaviors in D. melanogaster. Other studies take a macroevolutionary approach, comparing reproductive behaviors across the genus Drosophila and how these might correlate with environmental cues. A full synthesis of this field will require unification across these levels.
MODUL VIRTUAL BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS
Authors: Pratama Rifqi
Published: January 2020

VIRTUAL MODULE BASED ON GUIDED INQUIRY TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY AbstractThe use of virtual module was aimed to develop students’ independent learning that may lead to their critical thinking ability. Guided inquiry is a model that directs students to find facts through existing data and through experimental results. Guided inquiry-based virtual module was then developed in order to systematically help students to increase their critical thinking, particularly in the concept of thermochemical material. This study uses control group pretest-posttest design. Students' critical thinking skills are measured through learning outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis using the Mann-Whitney test there are differences on the students’ ability in the experimental class and control class. While students of both class shows an increase in their critical thinking, students of the experiment class show more effective in dealing with the improvement. Therefore, it is summarized that guided inquiry-based virtual learning can improve students' critical thinking skills.  AbstrakModul virtual adalah sebuah bahan ajar yang disajikan untuk peserta didik agar dapat belajar secara mandiri yang disusun secara sistematis untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran tertentu yang disajikan ke dalam format elektronik yang di dalamnya terdapat animasi, simulasi, gambar, serta navigasi yang membuat pengguna lebih interaktif, aktif, inovatif, dan menyenangkan dalam proses belajar yang mana dapat mengarahkan peserta didik agar berpikir secara kritis. Inkuiri terbimbing merupakan model yang mengarahkan peserta didik menemukan fakta melalui data yang ada serta melalui hasil eksperimen. Modul virtual berbasiskan model ini digunkan didalam proses belajar untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada materi Termokimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Control group pre test-post test design. Kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik diukur melalui hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan pada kelas eksperimen yang diajarkan menggunakan dengan modul virtual berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing tanpa modul virtual. Hasil analisis menunjukkan masing-masing kelas terdapat peningkatan dalam berpikir kritis tetapi pada kelas eksperimen peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis lebih efektif dari kelas kontrol, maka pembelajaran dengan modul virtual berbasis  inkuiri terbimbing dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
MODEL KELAS MULTIDIMENSIONAL: INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
Authors: Qamila Fairus
Published: January 2020

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CLASS MODELS: INNOVATION LESSONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY TO IMPROVE SCIENCE LEARNING OUTCOMES AbstractThe 21st century learning is an effort to facilitate students in the 21st century to get the best learning experience so they can achieve learning goals effectively. This research is aimed to recognize the enhancement of science student learning achivement with implementation of multidimensional classroom model. This research used a classroom action research from Kemmis and MC Taggart. The sample of 28 students. The research was done in three cycle. The percentage achivement every cycle was increased. By looking at the result obtained in each cycle, it can be concluded that there was enhancement of science student learning achivement with implementation of multidimensional classroom model. AbstrakPembelajaran abad 21 merupakan upaya memfasilitasi peserta didik di abad 21 untuk mengalami pengalaman belajar terbaik sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA dengan menerapkan model kelas multidimensional. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) model Kemmis dan MC. Taggart. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 28 siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 siklus. Persentase ketuntasan pada setiap siklus terus meningkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA dengan menerapkan Model kelas Multidimensional.
“Assinatura quotidiana da minha escritura com a morte”: a relação de Bandeira e Pessoa com a noite
Authors: Rodrigues Letícia Cristina Alcântara
Published: January 2020

Dois grandes representantes do movimento modernista de seus países, Manuel Bandeira (1886-1968) e Fernando Pessoa (18881935), contemporâneos, apresentam uma forma peculiar de representação da morte em seus escritos. Bandeira a tem como leitmotiv de sua produção, enquanto Pessoa sutilmente a insere em sua poesia seja por meio de seu ortônimo ou seus heterônimos, às vezes com certa ironia, outras com naturalidade. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por princípio estudar a “escritura com a morte” analisando alguns poemas dos escritores que remetem a esse tema, em especial, aqueles que utilizam a noite como sinônimo/metáfora dele, apoiando-se nos diálogos de Berenice Berardinelli, Donaldo Schüler, Antônio Cândido, Gaston Bachelard e Octavio Paz, no sentido de procurar pontos de encontros entre essas poéticas noturnas de morte.
O aproveitamento lúdico da linguagem e nuances de emancipação na literatura infantil contemporânea
Authors: Grazioli Fabiano Tadeu
Published: January 2020

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Onde os mortos sobrevivem: traços míticos em Ópera dos mortos, de Autran Dourado
Authors: Zamberlan Lucas Da Cunha , Scremin Isabel
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho objetiva demonstrar como as personagens Lucas Procópio, João Capistrano, Rosalina e Juca Passarinho, de Ópera dos mortos, constituem-se, com recorrência sistemática, de traços míticos marcantes. Para tanto, foi utilizado um aporte teórico formado por Boudrot (2017), Campbell (1997), Cassirer (1985), Eliade (1998) para abordar a relação entre mito e literatura; Candido (2010), (2011), Lukács (2009), Watt (2010) e Holanda (1995) para aprofundar o liame intrínseco que envolve personagem de ficção, romance e sociedade; e Lepecki (1976) e Segalla (2017) com o intuito de potencializar as dimensões teóricas acerca da obra analisada. A partir dos resultados obtidos, fica evidente, além da magnitude do romance de Autran Dourado, a pluralidade de percursos (e recursos) narrativos que garantem a permanência do mito na arte literária até os dias de hoje, integrando um elemento importante na complexidade estrutural que fundamenta o gênero romanesco.
Nihilism and the Roots of Crisis in American Democracy: A Diagnosis of Cornel West
Authors: Jeliński Julian
Published: January 2020

Cornel West’s diagnosis of the crisis of the American democracy is the subject matter of this article. Analyzing the condition of the American democracy of the end of XX and the beginning of XXI centuries, C. West focused on the individual, existential character of the crisis. The diagnosed state had according to him much affect not only on political issues, but first and foremost on the spread of nihilism among American citizens. Nihilism – is understood in the C. West as senselessness of life and low self-esteem is the subject matter of this article.
Biomarkers for unstable atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries
Authors: Peycheva M. , Zahariev Z. , Deneva T.
Published: January 2020

Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main cerebro-vascular risk factors. It is a complex inflammatory disease resulting in lipid accumulation in the artery wall. The efforts are directed to find reliable biomarkers that can predict the atherosclerotic burden, plaque instability, plaque transformation and the risk for the ischaemic stoke. The modification of the inflammatory factors will help in finding new promising treatment options. Future treatment strategies are directed to stratified medicine – better risk assessment for each patient and optimization of personal management.
O PROCESSO DE EMPODERAMENTO DOS EGRESSOS NO PROGRAMA PÃO ESCOLA: ANÁLISE DOS REFLEXOS DO PROGRAMA
Authors: Dias Frederico Divino , Figueiredo Frederico de Carvalho
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo faz uma análise do Programa Pão Escola sob a perspectiva do mesmo atuar uma como ação incentivadora para iniciar os discentes no processo de empoderamento individual. Objetivando levantar se o Programa em questão desperta nos alunos condições primordiais ao empoderamento, o estudo ouviu um grupo de egressos para fazer as análises pertinentes. Tendo o método dedutivo e abordagem qualitativa como base metodológica, o artigo apresentou um resgate teórico para embasar a pesquisa de campo. Os dados apontam no sentido de que o Programa não trabalha todo o seu potencial de política pública que despertaria mudanças nas vidas dos discentes. A educação profissional ofertada pela Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte fixa-se ainda nas bases tradicionais de formação, distanciando-se de uma formação integral dos sujeitos. Propõe-se ao final a necessidade de implantar alterações com vistas a melhorar a dinâmica do Programa e a formação ofertada.
An Analysis of Master’s Thesis Related to Education for Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Lee Shinyoung , Seo Seokjin ,   The Korean Society of Special Education
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze many master’s thesis on visual impairments education of graduate schools of education and graduate schools of special education in Korea for nine years from 2010 to 2018 in order to explore trends in the study of visual disability education and its future direction. To that end, a total of 68 related theses were selected and analyzed by searching the ‘Research Information Sharing Service(RISS)’, a search website specializing in academic papers in Korea, and the results are as follows. First, in term of the topics of study in the field of visual disability education, 16 were related to curriculum education, followed by 11 for physical abilities, 8 for musical activities, 7 for career-related activities, 6 for daily lives, 5 for learning and others respectively, 4 for teacher professionalism and 3 for personality education and school management respectively. Second, in terms of the subjects of the study, simple blind students appeared the most with 28, followed by 10 for blind school teachers, 9 for blind adults, 8 for multiple-handicapped blind students, 5 for teaching/learning methods and others, and 3 for curriculum/programs. Third, in term of research methods, quantitative research appeared the most with 31, followed by 17 experimental/case studies, 10 qualitative studies, 9 literary studies and 1 mixed study. Fourth, in terms of topics by research method, there were 8 studies on physical ability in the experimental/case research, 6 studies on the curriculum, music activities, and career education respectively in the quantitative research, and 4 studies on the curriculum in the literature and experiment/case researches respectively. Based on these findings, discussion and suggestions for future research were presented.
The Effect of the China Connect
Authors: Ma Chang , Rogers John , Zhou Sili
Published: January 2020

We document the effect on Chinese firms of the Shanghai (Shenzhen)-Hong Kong Stock Connect. The Connect was an important capital account liberalization introduced in the mid-2010s. It created a channel for cross-border equity investments into a selected set of Chinese stocks while China's overall capital controls policy remained in place. Using a difference-in-difference approach, and with careful attention to sample selection issues, we find that mainland Chinese firm-level investment is negatively affected by contractionary U.S. monetary policy shocks and that firms in the Connect are more adversely affected than those outside of it. These effects are economically large, robust, and stronger for firms whose stock return has a higher covariance with the world market return. We also find that firms in the Connect enjoy lower financing costs, invest more, and have higher profitability than unconnected firms. We discuss the implications of our results for the debate on capital controls and independence of Chinese monetary policy. \
El-cheep-o miniprep v1
Authors: M Julkowska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

This is a protocol for cheep miniprep isolation. Be aware that the DNA quality might not be sufficient to use this protocol for cloning purposes. It works very well for the digestion analysis though.
Plate assay for identification of salt stress induced changes in Arabidopsis thaliana's Root System Architecture v1
Authors: M Julkowska Magdalena
Published: January 2020

This protocols is a fairly simple method to study the developmental changes in Root System Architecture of Arabidopsis and other small plants. By germinating the plants on control medium, the
Al-Yahudu: os arquivos do exílio babilônico
Authors: Rede Marcelo
Published: January 2020

Documentos cuneiformes provenientes de Al-Yahudu permitem reconsiderar a vida material e as condições sociais das comunidades judaítas exiladas na Babilônia entre a conquista do Reino de Judá por Nabucodonosor II e a época persa. Os contratos revelam, igualmente, alguns elementos interessantes das formulações e negociações identitárias, culturais e religiosas, em um ambiente multiétnico e multicultural. O quadro difere consideravelmente daquele dos relatos bíblicos.
Methods of Talmud Study and Teaching at the Central Schools of Learning in 19th Century Eastern Europe and Germany
Authors: Zur Uri
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the various methods of teaching the Babylonian Talmud, utilized at the central schools of Jewish learning in Eastern Europe and Germany about one hundred and fifty years ago. We shall present the various methods of teaching characteristic of these schools of learning and ways of teaching Talmud, features of the methods, from that period to the modern method in the first academic institutions in Berlin. The modern teaching method took the innovative form of academic research, which was taking its initial steps but in practice laid the foundations for academic research conducted to this day.
A COMMENT ON UNSTEADY–PERIODIC FLOW FRICTION FACTOR: AN ANALYSIS ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA GATHERED IN PULSATILE PIPE FLOWS
Authors: CARPİNLİOĞLU Melda
Published: January 2020

In 1940’s, Schultz- Grunow proposed that time-average value of friction factor, λ_u,ta was similar to its corresponding steady state value, λ for the presence of gradual and slow oscillations in pulsatile flows. A recent approach was available for low frequency pulsatile flows through narrow channels in transitional and turbulent regimes by Zhuang et al, in 2016 and 2017. In this analysis; extensive experimental data of λ_u,ta in fully laminar and turbulent sinusoidal flow are processed in the measured time-average Reynolds number range of 1390 ≤ Re_ta ≤ 60000 disregarding the transitional regime. The ranges of dimensionless frequency-Womersley number, √(ω') and oscillation amplitude, A_1 are 2.72 ≤ √(ω') ≤ 28 and 0.05 ≤ A_1≤ 0.96 respectively. A multiplication element is defined as Mel = Re_ta×√(ω^'). A modified friction multiplier, λ_(Mel ) which is similar to the conceptual parameter of Zhuang et al’s friction factor ratio C ( λ_Mel = λ_(u,ta)/λ ) is also referred. The correlation of λ_Mel = λ_Mel (Mel) is dependent on flow regime and the magnitude of Re_ta for the range of √(ω^') > 1.32. The proposal of Schultz-Grunow is verified irrespective of the oscillations in turbulent regime since the magnitude of λ_Mel = 1 is observed for turbulent flow cases with Re_(ta ) ≥ 35000. In laminar regime the magnitude of Re_(ta ) is governing the fact. The magnitude of λ_Mel varies in 0.589 ≤ λ_Mel ≤ 28.125 for Re_(ta ) ≤ 5000 while λ_Mel = 1 is obtained for Re_(ta ) > 5000. The graphical representation of λ_Mel = λ_Mel (Mel) can be considered as a counterpart of Moody Diagram in pulsatile fields for a significant practice.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HYDROCARBON R290 IN WATER COOLER REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Authors: CHOUDHARİ Chandrakishor
Published: January 2020

Environment friendly hydrocarbon R290 is one of the options for the next generation refrigeration systems. In warm climatic countries, water cooler is the widely used refrigeration application and R22 is the predominantly used refrigerant in these refrigeration systems. In accordance with international agreements, use of refrigerant R22 is to be stopped on urgent basis because of its environmental concerns, ozone depletion and global warming. This paper presents an experimental study on the performance of laboratory water cooler charged with environment friendly refrigerant R290. A laboratory water cooler of nominal cooling capacity 1.5 kW is developed. Pull down tests and energy consumption tests at condensing temperatures of 38°C, 43°C, and 48°C is conducted as per Indian standard IS1425 (Part 1): 2001. Performance parameters such as pull-down time, pressure ratio, discharge gas temperature, average compressor energy consumption, energy consumption over a period of 24 hours, coefficient of performance and performance parameter of the water cooler refrigeration system are measured. Observed performance parameters also proved the compatibility of mineral oil with refrigerant R290. The overall performance of the developed water cooler suggests refrigerant R290 as a better long- term alternative refrigerant for water cooler applications.