bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep learning model for molecular label transfer that enables cancer cell identification from histopathology images
Authors: Su Andrew , Lee HoJoon , Tan Xiao , Suarez Carlos J. , Andor Noemi , Nguyen Quan , Ji Hanlee P.
Published: March 2022

Deep-learning classification systems have the potential to improve cancer diagnosis. However, development of these computational approaches so far depends on prior pathological annotations and large training datasets. The manual annotation is low-resolution, time-consuming, highly variable and subject to observer variance. To address this issue, we developed a method, H&E Molecular neural network (HEMnet). HEMnet utilizes immunohistochemistry as an initial molecular label for cancer cells on a H&E image and trains a cancer classifier on the overlapping clinical histopathological images. Using this molecular transfer method, HEMnet successfully generated and labeled 21,939 tumor and 8782 normal tiles from ten whole-slide images for model training. After building the model, HEMnet accurately identified colorectal cancer regions, which achieved 0.84 and 0.73 of ROC AUC values compared to p53 staining and pathological annotations, respectively. Our validation study using histopathology images from TCGA samples accurately estimated tumor purity, which showed a significant correlation (regression coefficient of 0.8) with the estimation based on genomic sequencing data. Thus, HEMnet contributes to addressing two main challenges in cancer deep-learning analysis, namely the need to have a large number of images for training and the dependence on manual labeling by a pathologist. HEMnet also predicts cancer cells at a much higher resolution compared to manual histopathologic evaluation. Overall, our method provides a path towards a fully automated delineation of any type of tumor so long as there is a cancer-oriented molecular stain available for subsequent learning. Software, tutorials and interactive tools are available at:https://github.com/BiomedicalMachineLearning/HEMnet
Artificial intelligence to detect malignant eyelid tumors from photographic images
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Qiang Wei , Chen Hongyun , Pei Mengjie , Yu Xiaomei , Wang Layi , Li Zhen , Xie Weiwei , Wu Xuefang , Jiang Jiewei , Wu Guohai
Published: March 2022

Malignant eyelid tumors can invade adjacent structures and pose a threat to vision and even life. Early identification of malignant eyelid tumors is crucial to avoiding substantial morbidity and mortality. However, differentiating malignant eyelid tumors from benign ones can be challenging for primary care physicians and even some ophthalmologists. Here, based on 1,417 photographic images from 851 patients across three hospitals, we developed an artificial intelligence system using a faster region-based convolutional neural network and deep learning classification networks to automatically locate eyelid tumors and then distinguish between malignant and benign eyelid tumors. The system performed well in both internal and external test sets (AUCs ranged from 0.899 to 0.955). The performance of the system is comparable to that of a senior ophthalmologist, indicating that this system has the potential to be used at the screening stage for promoting the early detection and treatment of malignant eyelid tumors.
Hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded by adhesive hydrogel for effective angiogenic treatment of spinal cord injury
Authors: Mu Jiafu , Li Liming , Wu Jiahe , Huang Tianchen , Zhang Yu , Cao Jian , Ma Teng , Chen Jiachen , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Xunqi , Lu Tinghao , Kong Xianglei , Sun Jihong , Gao Jianqing
Published: March 2022

Implantation of hypoxia-stimulated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome encapsulated in an adhesive hydrogel induced pro-angiogenic spinal cord repair through transporting HIF-1α and upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in recipient endothelial cells.
Proximity-enhanced synthesis of DNA–peptide–DNA triblock molecules
Authors: MacCulloch Tara , Novacek Alexandra , Stephanopoulos Nicholas
Published: March 2022

We report a proximity-enhanced method to synthesize a peptide flanked by two different oligonucleotide handles.
Single-phase CZTSe via isothermal recrystallization in a KI–KCl flux
Authors: Bakhadur A. M. , Uralbekov B. M. , Atuchin V. V. , Mukherjee S. , Kokh K. A.
Published: March 2022

A pure Cu2ZnSnSe4 phase was prepared from elemental Cu, Zn, Sn, and Se with the addition of a KI–KCl mixture.
Proton transfer-induced competing product channels of microsolvated Y−(H2O)n + CH3I (Y = F, Cl, Br, I) reactions
Authors: Ji Xiaoyan , Xie Jing
Published: March 2022

In the Y−(H2O) + CH3I gas phase reaction, protons can either transfer from CH3 to produce CH2I− (PTCH3 path) or from H2O to Y− to induce the HO−-SN2 path that produces CH3OH.
Effect of the cation structure on the properties of homobaric imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Koutsoukos Spyridon , Philippi Frederik , Rauber Daniel , Pugh David , Kay Christopher W. M. , Welton Tom
Published: March 2022

This work examines the effect of different functional groups on the physical properties of a series of homobaric alkylimidazolium ionic liquids.
Novel 5-fluorouracil complexes of Zn(ii) with pyridine-based ligands as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Icsel Ceyda , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Aygun Muhittin , Erkisa Merve , Ulukaya Engin
Published: March 2022

A Zn(ii) complex of 5-fluorouracil with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine is highly cytotoxic against A549 cells compared to both cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil and induces apoptotic cell deathviaexcessive ROS generation and mitochondrial and DNA damage.
Green tea peptides ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Chen Xuhui , Sun Lingli , Li Dongli , Lai Xingfei , Wen Shuai , Chen Ruohong , Zhang Zhenbiao , Li Qiuhua , Sun Shili
Published: March 2022

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most important cause of middle and late-stage chronic kidney disease.
A molybdenum disulfide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as an electrochemical sensing platform for detecting cyproterone acetate
Authors: Wu Yanju , Liu Didi , Guo Jiahua , Wang Fei
Published: March 2022

Based on the synergistic effect of MoS2 and rGO, a MoS2-rGO nanocomposite film shows a wide linear range and high sensitivity towards cyproterone acetate.
Multi-stimuli distinct responsive D–A based fluorogen oligomeric tool and efficient detection of TNT vapor
Authors: Raichure Pramod C. , Bhatt Ramprasad , Kachwal Vishal , Sharma Tirupati Chander , Laskar Inamur Rahaman
Published: March 2022

P1 shows distinct emission responses with multi-stimuli, i.e., quenching for TNT sensing, red shifting for acid and base vapors, blue shifting against MFC behavior, and solvent polarity-dependent emission.
Tailoring ZnO nanowire crystallinity and morphology for label-free capturing of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Paisrisarn Piyawan , Yasui Takao , Zhu Zetao , Klamchuen Annop , Kasamechonchung Panita , Wutikhun Tuksadon , Yordsri Visittapong , Baba Yoshinobu
Published: March 2022

We identify the effects of crystallinity and morphology of zinc oxide nanowires grown hydrothermally with ammonia addition on their physicochemical properties for capturing extracellular vesicles.
Volumetric additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers
Authors: Schwartz Johanna J. , Porcincula Dominique H. , Cook Caitlyn C. , Fong Erika J. , Shusteff Maxim
Published: March 2022

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) capable of recovering from a deformed state through heating were 3D printed using volumetric additive manufacturing, which enabled the layerless, single-step fabrication of self-standing tripod and actuating gripper structures.
Polyurethane–polyurea hybrid nanocapsules as efficient delivery systems of anticancer Ir(iii) metallodrugs
Authors: Bonelli Joaquín , Ortega-Forte Enrique , Vigueras Gloria , Bosch Manel , Cutillas Natalia , Rocas Josep , Ruiz José , Marchán Vicente
Published: March 2022

Polyurethane–polyurea hybrid nanocapsules can be used as efficient delivery systems of anticancer Ir(iii) metallodrugs.
Photocatalysis and perovskite oxide-based materials: a remedy for a clean and sustainable future
Authors: Irshad Muneeb , Ain Quar tul , Zaman Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Zeeshan , Kousar Naila , Asim Muhammad , Rafique Muhammad , Siraj Khurram , Tabish Asif Nadeem , Usman Muhammad , Hassan Farooq Masood ul , Assiri Mohammed Ali , Imran Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Photocatalytic reaction for CO2reduction in presence of co-catalyst.
Preparation of NiFe2O4@MIL-101(Fe)/GO as a novel nanocarrier and investigation of its antimicrobial properties
Authors: Shateran Fatemeh , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali , Aghaei Seyyed Soheil
Published: March 2022

A schematic exhibition of the synthetic procedure of NiFe2O4@MIL-101(Fe)/GO as TC carrier and antibacterial activities.
Single-layer membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration: a molecular dynamics simulation and comparative experimental study
Authors: Li Xuejian , Liu Yue , Liu Qiaohong , Zheng Zilong , Guo Hongxia
Published: March 2022

Both simulated and experimental results demonstrated a good correlation between solvent permeances and solvent properties for the single-layer MoS2 membrane.
CL-20/TNT decomposition under shock: cocrystalline versus amorphous
Authors: Li Yan , Yu Wen-Li , Huang Huang
Published: March 2022

The shock responses of the cocrystal of CL-20/TNT and the amorphous structure of CL-20/TNT are compared by analyzing the thermodynamic parameters, product evolution and cluster evolution.
A new core–shell magnetic mesoporous surface molecularly imprinted composite and its application as an MSPE sorbent for determination of phthalate esters
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Song Wei , Zhou Dianbing , Han Fang , Gong Xiaoming , Pan Pan
Published: March 2022

A new core–shell magnetic mesoporous surface molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-MIPs) which has specific adsorption for phthalate esters was synthesized by a facile and convenient method.
Physiological and oxidative stress responses ofSolanum lycopersicum(L.) (tomato) when exposed to different chemical pesticides
Authors: Hatamleh Ashraf Atef , Danish Mohammad , Al-Dosary Munirah Abdullah , El-Zaidy Mohamed , Ali Sajad
Published: March 2022

Pesticide overuse can have a negative effect on the development processes of non-target plants.
Photoswitchable architecture transformation of a DNA-hybrid assembly at the microscopic and macroscopic scale
Authors: Simeth Nadja A. , de Mendoza Paula , Dubach Victor R. A. , Stuart Marc C. A. , Smith Julien W. , Kudernac Tibor , Browne Wesley R. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: March 2022

Molecular recognition-driven self-assembly employing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as a template is a promising approach to access complex architectures from simple building blocks.
(Fluoro)alkylation of alkenes promoted by photolysis of alkylzirconocenes
Authors: Ren Xiaoxiao , Gao Xing , Min Qiao-Qiao , Zhang Shu , Zhang Xingang
Published: March 2022

An unprecedented example of alkylzirconocene promoted difluoroalkylation of alkyl- and silyl-alkenes with a variety of fluoroalkyl and nonfluoroalkyl halides under the irradiation of visible light has been reported.
Acceptorless dehydrogenative synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia
Authors: Luo Jie , Zhou Quan-Quan , Montag Michael , Ben-David Yehoshoa , Milstein David
Published: March 2022

An efficient and selective synthesis of primary amides from alcohols and ammonia, with H2 evolution, has been achieved by an unprecedented acceptorless dehydrogenative process catalyzed by a pyridine-based PNN–ruthenium pincer complex.
Stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte surfactant complexes for the reversible control of solution viscosity
Authors: Del Sorbo Giuseppe Rosario , Clemens Daniel , Schneck Emanuel , Hoffmann Ingo
Published: March 2022

A pH sensitive surfactant with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte allows the reversible control of solution viscosity through aggregate formation.
Determination of lentiviral titer by surface enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Morder Courtney J. , Scarpitti Brian T. , Balss Karin M. , Schultz Zachary D.
Published: March 2022

The titer of virus particles used to deliver genetic code into host cells for biomedical applications, such as gene therapy, can be differentiated by SERS.
A sensitive colorimetric hydrogen sulfide detection approach based on copper-metal–organic frameworks and a smartphone
Authors: Hong Chengyi , Li Dandan , Wang Ziyue , Liu Boyuan , Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Kailong , Huang Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

A colorimetric approach is developed for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in water samples based on copper-metal–organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) and a smartphone.
Correction: Accuracy improvement on quantitative analysis of the total iron content in branded iron ores by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with the double back propagation artificial neural network
Authors: Su Piao , Liu Shu , Min Hong , An Yarui , Yan Chenglin , Li Chen
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Accuracy improvement on quantitative analysis of the total iron content in branded iron ores by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with the double back propagation artificial neural network’ by Piao Su et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 427–437, DOI: 10.1039/D1AY01881G.
Amberlyst-15 supported zirconium sulfonate as an efficient catalyst for Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reductions
Authors: Wang Zixin , Xie Chao , Li Xun , Nie Jiabao , Yang Hanmin , Zhang Zehui
Published: March 2022

A new kind of sulfonate coordinated Zr(IV) catalyst was prepared by the coordination of Zr(IV) onto sulfonate groups of Amberlyst-15, which can effectively catalyze the MPV reaction and convert carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols.
Thermal crystal phase transition in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks induced by nanosizing the crystal
Authors: Kaneshige Takaya , Sakamoto Hikaru , Ohtani Masataka
Published: March 2022

An unusual crystal phase transition was demonstrated in a zeolitic imidazolate framework with a rigid coordination network.
Theoretical study of NiI–NiIII cycle mediated by heterogeneous zinc in C–N cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Bao Lin-Yan , Gao Rong-Wan , Wang Shuang , Li Run-Han , Zhu Bo , Su Zhong-Min , Guan Wei
Published: March 2022

Heterogeneous zinc powder can not only transform into organic zinc reagents to promote the Ni(ii) transmetalation but also regulate the oxidation state from Ni(ii) to active Ni(i) accordingly for achieving the NiI–NiIII–NiI catalytic cycle.
Ultrafast dynamics in (TaSe4)2I triggered by valence and core-level excitation
Authors: Bronsch Wibke , Tuniz Manuel , Crupi Giuseppe , De Col Michela , Puntel Denny , Soranzio Davide , Giammarino Alessandro , Perlangeli Michele , Berger Helmuth , De Angelis Dario , Fainozzi Danny , Paltanin Ettore , Pelli Cresi Jacopo Stefano , Kurdi Gabor , Foglia Laura , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Parmigiani Fulvio , Bencivenga Filippo , Cilento Federico
Published: March 2022

Time-resolved spectroscopy of (TaSe4)2I, which embeds different electronic structures, sheds light on out-of-equilibrium states driven by optical or X-ray excitation.
Correction: Fucoidans from Cucumaria frondosa ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Song Zhuoyue , Zhu Mengru , Wu Jun , Yu Tian , Chen Yao , Ye Xianying , Li Shijie , Xu Nenggui
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Fucoidans from Cucumaria frondosa ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway’ by Zhuoyue Song et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 1168–1179, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO03067A.
Upgrading grape pomace contained ethanol into hexanoic acid, fuel additives and a sticky polyhydroxyalkanoate: an effective alternative to ethanol distillation
Authors: Martinez Gonzalo A. , Puccio Salvatore , Domingos Joana M. B. , Morselli Elena , Gioia Claudio , Marchese Paola , Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria , Celli Annamaria , Fava Fabio , Bertin Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

A novel grape pomace (GP) valorisation route allows producing hexanoic acid with 90% purity by a facile process. A preliminary cost assessment and product applicability indicate this route as a potential option for a truly sustainable GP management.
Spruce bark stilbenes as a nature-inspired sun blocker for sunscreens
Authors: Dou Jinze , Sui Mengmeng , Malinen Kiia , Pesonen Terhi , Isohanni Tiina , Vuorinen Tapani
Published: March 2022

A 10% emulsion of SBE (containing 35% stilbene glucosides) provided UV protection equal to half the efficiency of commercial SPF 15 sun lotions.
Riboflavin–citrate conjugate multicore SPIONs with enhanced magnetic responses and cellular uptake in breast cancer cells
Authors: Mekseriwattana Wid , Guardia Pablo , Herrero Beatriz Torres , de la Fuente Jesus M. , Kuhakarn Chutima , Roig Anna , Katewongsa Kanlaya Prapainop
Published: March 2022

Riboflavin-coated multicore SPIONs show specific binding with RCP, enhanced uptake in breast cancer cells and excellent MRI response.
A multiscale screening strategy for the identification of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors based on the pharmacological features of febuxostat analogues
Authors: Zhai Na , Chen Yanming , Wang Chenchen , Wu Fengshou , Luo Xiaogang , Ju Xiulian , Liu Hui , Liu Genyan
Published: March 2022

Two compounds as potential XOI hits were identified by a novel screening strategy based on the pharmacophores of well-known scaffolds.
Fabrication and characterization of a TiBs@MCN cable-like photocatalyst with high photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation
Authors: Li Shiyun , Zhang Luxi , Guo Yuqiong , Zhang Qiaoyu , Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Mijowska Ewa , Chen Xuecheng
Published: March 2022

A cable-like photocatalyst, TiBs@MCN, with a larger specific surface area and higher visible-light photocatalytic activity, is successfully fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal self-assembly approach.
Synthesis of nitrogen and terbium co-doped TiO2nanocrystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity for AO7 degradation under visible-light radiation
Authors: Ma Yunfei , Yue Wenhui , Ye Ziwei , Zhang Jinglong
Published: March 2022

TiO2 nanocrystals co-doped with nitrogen and terbium exhibited extended light absorption, improved charge separation efficiency, and enhanced AO7 adsorption efficiency, giving rise to enhanced AO7 degradation activity which was 2× better than undoped TiO2 nanocrystals.
Nanomechanics of self-assembled surfactants revealed by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy
Authors: Umeda Kenichi , Kobayashi Kei , Yamada Hirofumi
Published: March 2022

Vertical maps of conservative force, energy dissipation, and adhesion force simultaneously obtained across hemicylindrical micelles and monolayer regions of a surfactant formed on a hydrophobic surface by liquid FM-AFM.
A MoS2 based silver-doped ZnO nanocomposite and its antibacterial activity against β-lactamase expressing Escherichia coli
Authors: Naskar Atanu , Shin Joonho , Kim Kwang-sun
Published: March 2022

Synthesis and activity of a MoS2 based nanoplatform.
DABCO as a practical catalyst for aromatic halogenation with N-halosuccinimides
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Hu Lanping , Zhu Guanghua , Zhu Yueping , Wang Yang , Wu Zheng-Guang , Zi You , Huang Weichun
Published: March 2022

An efficient and mild system for the aromatic halogenation using DABCO, a simple, cheap and easy of handling Lewis base, as the catalyst is reported.
Polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane-modified boron nitride enhances the mechanical properties of polyimide nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Wang Jie , Chen Yinjie
Published: March 2022

A novel high-strength polyimide nanocomposite film was obtained by the copolymerization of epoxidized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified hexagonal boron nitride and polyamic acid.
Preparation of carboxylic arylphosphines by hydrolysis of the trifluoromethyl group
Authors: Herrera Daniel , Peral Daniel , Bayón J. Carles
Published: March 2022

Preparation of carboxylic triarylphosphines by hydrolysis of the trifluoromethyl group in acid media.
Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 hydrogenation over a highly active, selective and stable catalyst containing Cu–ZnO–Al2O3/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15
Authors: Mondal Ujjal , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: March 2022

A green and sustainable method to valorize CO2 into dimethyl ether on a very active and stable CZA/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15 trifunctional catalyst.
Unique assembly of carbonylpyridinium and chromene reveals mitochondrial thiol starvation under ferroptosis and novel ferroptosis inducer
Authors: Ma Kaiqing , Yang He , Shen Tianruo , Yue Yongkang , Zhao Lingling , Liu Xiaogang , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia
Published: March 2022

Carbonylpyridinium and chromene were elaborately assembled to highly target mitochondrial thiol assay by releasing o-quinone methide from CM-Mit to label proteins, thus avoiding diffusion out of the mitochondria, which enabled accurately spatiotemporal detection of thiol.
Finite-size scaling and thermodynamics of model supercooled liquids: long-range concentration fluctuations and the role of attractive interactions
Authors: Banerjee Atreyee , Sevilla Mauricio , Rudzinski Joseph F. , Cortes-Huerto Robinson
Published: March 2022

Kirkwood–Buff analysis of model supercooled liquids reveals that slight differences in the pair distribution function induce contrasting long-range structural properties.
Stable and wide-wavelength tunable luminescence of CsPbX3 nanocrystals encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wu Hailong , Yao Lijia , Cao Wenqian , Yang Yu , Cui Yuanjing , Yang Deren , Qian Guodong
Published: March 2022

The obtained ZJU-28⊃CsPbX3 crystals exhibit giant two-photon action cross-section and photostability enhancement due to the effects of confinement, passivation and separation derived from ZJU-28 frameworks.
Synaptic transistor with tunable synaptic behavior based on a thermo-denatured polar polymer material
Authors: Yang Qian , Huang Jinsong , Chen Qizhen , Chen Cihai , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: March 2022

Artificial synaptic transistors have shown great potential in artificial intelligence due to their low energy consumption, high scalability, similarity to biological neurons and precise regulation of channel conductance.
A nonlinear double‐integral sliding mode controller design for hybrid energy storage systems and solar photovoltaic units to enhance the power management in DC microgrids
Authors: Ghosh Subarto Kumar , Roy Tushar Kanti , Pramanik Md Abu Hanif , Mahmud Md Apel
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a nonlinear decentralized double‐integral sliding mode controller (DI‐SMC) is designed along with an energy management system (EMS) for the DC microgrid (DCMG). This DCMG includes having a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that incorporates a battery energy storage system (BESS) and supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) while the load demand is met through the power generated from solar photovoltaic (SPV) units. First, dynamical models of each subsystem of DCMGs such as the SPV system, BESS, and SCESS are developed to capture highly nonlinear behaviors of DCMGs under various operating conditions. The proposed nonlinear DI‐SMC is then designed for each power unit in DCMGs to ensure the desired voltage level at the common DC‐bus and appropriate power dispatch of different components to fulfill the load requirement of the DCMG. On the other hand, an energy management system (EMS) is designed to determine the set point for the controller with an aim of ensuring the power balance within DCMGs under various operating conditions where the overall stability is assessed using the Lyapunov theory. Simulation studies along with the processor‐in‐loop validation, including a comparative study with a proportional‐integral (PI) controller, verify the applicability and effectiveness of the EMS‐based DI‐SMC under different operating conditions of the DCMG.
Facile hydrothermal synthesis CuO microflowers for non‐enzymatic glucose sensors
Authors: Wang Aihua , Yang Yan , Zhao Qinghuai , Ji Xiaoxu
Published: March 2022

With diabetes mellitus increasing, developing non‐enzymatic glucose sensors to replace enzyme‐based sensors has become more urgent, owing to its intrinsic disadvantages of enzymes. Herein, CuO microflowers were successfully synthesized through a green hydrothermal method with no template or surfactant. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the crystalline structure, elemental composition and morphology of the as‐obtained sample. Then, the CuO microflowers acted as non‐enzymatic glucose sensor electrode material. The electrochemical test results indicate that the glucose oxidation controlled by diffusion at 0.5 V had a short response time(5 s), the linear range was wide(∼11 mM), and the detection limit was low(1.3 µm). Moreover, the CuO microflowers exhibit great selectivity to glucose and have high poison resistance to chloride ions. Thus, all these results imply that the as‐fabricated CuO has a great application prospect for non‐enzymatic glucose sensor electrode material.
Deadbeat predictive current control of PMSM drives with an adaptive flux‐weakening controller
Authors: Fan Shengwen , Zhang Yongchang , Jin Jialin , Wang Xing , Tong Chaonan
Published: March 2022

In practical application, the motor speed may need to be greater than the rated speed, so field‐weakening control is required. However, the conventional flux‐weakening control requires much tuning work, because multiple PI controllers are used. In order to make the tuning work easier, this paper combines flux‐weakening control with deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) to eliminate two PI controllers in current loop. In addition, this paper also proposes a speed adaptive flux‐weakening controller, which can further simplify the tuning work. The effectiveness of this method has been confirmed on a 2.2 kW surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) experimental platform.
An extended scattered light disk around AT Pyx
Authors: Ginski C. , Gratton R. , Bohn A. , Dominik C. , Jorquera S. , Chauvin G. , Milli J. , Rodriguez M. , Benisty M. , Launhardt R. , Müller A. , Cugno G. , van Holstein R. G. , Boccaletti A. , Muro-Arena G. A. , Desidera S. , Keppler M. , Zurlo A. , Sissa E. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Langlois M. , Bonnefoy M. , Cantalloube F. , D’Orazi V. , Feldt M. , Hagelberg J. , Ségransan D. , Lagrange A-M. , Lazzoni C. , Meyer M. , Romero C. , Schmidt T. O. B. , Vigan A. , Petit C. , Roelfsema R. , Pragt J. , Weber L.
Published: March 2022

Aims. To understand how the multitude of planetary systems that have been discovered come to be, we need to study systems at different evolutionary stages, with different central stars but also in different environments. The most challenging environment for planet formation may be the harsh UV radiation field of nearby massive stars which quickly erodes disks by external photo-evaporation. We observed the AT Pyx system, located in the head of a cometary globule in the Gum Nebula, to search for signs of ongoing planet formation.

Methods. We used the extreme adaptive optics imager VLT/SPHERE in Dual Beam Polarization Imaging Mode in H-band as well as in IRDIFS Extended mode (K12-band imaging and Y-H integral field spectroscopy) to observe AT Pyx in polarized light and total intensity. Additionally, we employed VLT/NACO to observe the system in the L-band.

Results. We resolve the disk around AT Pyx for the first time in scattered light across multiple wavelengths in polarized light and total intensity. We find an extended (≥126 au) disk, with an intermediate inclination of between 35° and 42°. The disk shows a complex substructure and we identify two or possibly three spiral-like features. Depending on the precise geometry of the disk (which we cannot unambiguously infer from our data), the disk may be eccentric with an eccentricity of ~0.16 or partially self-shadowed. The spiral features and possible eccentricity are both consistent with signatures of an embedded gas giant planet with a mass of ~1 MJup. Our own observations can rule out brown dwarf companions embedded in the resolved disk, but are nevertheless not sensitive enough to confirm or rule out the presence of a gas giant.

Conclusions. AT Pyx is the first disk to be spatially resolved in a cometary globule in the Gum Nebula. By comparison with disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster we note that the extension of the disk may be exceptional for this environment if the external UV radiation field is indeed comparable to other cometary globules in the region. The signposts of ongoing planet formation are intriguing and need to be followed up with either higher sensitivity or at different wavelengths.
Photometric redshift estimation with convolutional neural networks and galaxy images: Case study of resolving biases in data-driven methods
Authors: Lin Q. , Fouchez D. , Pasquet J. , Treyer M. , Ait Ouahmed R. , Arnouts S. , Ilbert O.
Published: March 2022

Deep-learning models have been increasingly exploited in astrophysical studies, but these data-driven algorithms are prone to producing biased outputs that are detrimental for subsequent analyses. In this work, we investigate two main forms of biases: class-dependent residuals, and mode collapse. We do this in a case study, in which we estimate photometric redshift as a classification problem using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with galaxy images and associated spectroscopic redshifts. We focus on point estimates and propose a set of consecutive steps for resolving the two biases based on CNN models, involving representation learning with multichannel outputs, balancing the training data, and leveraging soft labels. The residuals can be viewed as a function of spectroscopic redshift or photometric redshift, and the biases with respect to these two definitions are incompatible and should be treated individually. We suggest that a prerequisite for resolving biases in photometric space is resolving biases in spectroscopic space. Experiments show that our methods can better control biases than benchmark methods, and they are robust in various implementing and training conditions with high-quality data. Our methods hold promises for future cosmological surveys that require a good constraint of biases, and they may be applied to regression problems and other studies that make use of data-driven models. Nonetheless, the bias-variance tradeoff and the requirement of sufficient statistics suggest that we need better methods and optimized data usage strategies.
Statistical analysis of the causes of excess variance in the 21 cm signal power spectra obtained with the Low-Frequency Array
Authors: Gan H. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Mertens F. G. , Mevius M. , Offringa A. R. , Ciardi B. , Gehlot B. K. , Ghara R. , Ghosh A. , Giri S. K. , Iliev I. T. , Mellema G. , Pandey V. N. , Zaroubi S.
Published: March 2022

Context.The detection of the 21 cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is challenging due to bright foreground sources, radio frequency interference (RFI), and the ionosphere as well as instrumental effects. Even after correcting for these effects in the calibration step and applying foreground removal techniques, the remaining residuals in the observed 21 cm power spectra are still above the thermal noise, which is referred to as the “excess variance.”

Aims.We study a number of potential causes of this excess variance based on 13 nights of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR).

Methods.We focused on the impact of gain errors, the sky model, and ionospheric effects on the excess variance by correlating the relevant parameters such as the gain variance over time or frequency, local sidereal time (LST), diffractive scale, and phase structure–function slope with the level of excess variance.

Results.Our analysis shows that the excess variance, at the current level, is neither strongly correlated with gain variance nor the ionospheric parameters. Rather, excess variance has an LST dependence, which is related to the power from the sky. Furthermore, the simulated StokesIpower spectra from bright sources and the excess variance show a similar progression over LST with the minimum power appearing at LST bin 6h to 9h. This LST dependence is also present in sky images of the residual StokesIof the observations. In very-wide sky images based on one night of observation after direction-dependent calibration, we demonstrate that the extra power comes exactly from the direction of bright and distant sources Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A with the array beam patterns.

Conclusions.These results suggest that the level of excess variance in the 21 cm signal power spectra is related to sky effects and, hence, it depends on LST. In particular, very bright and distant sources such as Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A can dominate the effect. This is in line with earlier studies and offers a path forward toward a solution, since the correlation between the sky-related effects and the excess variance is non-negligible.
Influence of anesthesia with isoflurane on myocardial velocities of racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)
Authors: Legler Marko , Koy Lajos , Kummerfeld Norbert , Fehr Michael
Published: March 2022

Objective Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new technique to measure the myocardial velocities of the avian heart. Using this technique, the present study investigated the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities in racing pigeons.

Material and Methods Racing pigeons (n = 40) were anesthetized with isoflurane with a semi-open anesthesia system with an anesthetic mask and spontaneous breath. The echocardiographic examination was performed during the stage of surgical anesthesia with the failure of the toe pinch and wing twitch reflexes and with deep regular breaths. Echocardiographic measurements were taken in conscious and anesthetized pigeons in the right parasternal longitudinal horizontal heart view.

Results The results demonstrated a significant decrease in heart rate, systolic and diastolic A’ wave myocardial velocities. The diastolic E’ wave velocities were less influenced by anesthesia and significantly decreased only for some heart wall segments. The systolic myocardial velocities were significantly negatively correlated with the heart rate. Using the TDI curve, the isovolumic contraction (IVC) and relaxation time (IVR) and the time of atrioventricular delay during anesthesia could be determined. There is a significant increase in IVR and atrioventricular delay during anesthesia

Conclusion and Clinical Relevancen A higher heart rate in anesthesia should be interpreted as a compensation for reduced heart performance. The results of the present study indicate the necessity for establishing normal heart values in conscious and anesthetized pigeons.
Guiding principles for the creation of multicellular engineered living systems
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: March 2022

In a review, researchers introduce design principles and challenges, and provide an outlook for the field of multicellular engineered living systems.
Identifying and classifying mechanical fingerprints of cells
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: March 2022

Deep learning models and microfluidics experiments sort cells by mechanical properties, dynamics
Non-adiabatic couplings induced complex-forming mechanism in H+MgH+ → Mg++H2 reaction
Authors: Buren Bayaer , Mao Ye , Yang Zijiang , Chen Maodu
Published: March 2022

A chemical process may involve multiple adiabatic electronic states, and non-adiabatic couplings play an important role in the reaction mechanism. In this work, the effect of non-adiabatic couplings in the H+MgH+ → Mg+ + H2 reaction are studied using the time-dependent wave packet method and trajectory surface hopping method. The calculated results show that the reaction follows a direct abstraction process when the non-adiabatic couplings are neglected. However, when non-adiabatic couplings are included in the calculations, a long-lived excited state complex (MgH2+)* can be formed during the reaction. These direct and complex-forming reaction pathways are revealed by trajectory surface hopping calculations. The non-adiabatic couplings induced complex-forming mechanism not only increases the reactivity but also has significant effect on the product vibrational state distribution.
Product vibrational state distributions of F+CH3OH reaction on full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhu Yongfa , Li Jun
Published: March 2022

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of methanol with fluorine atoms can produce HF and CH3O or CH2OH radicals, which are important in the environment, combustion, radiation, and interstellar chemistry. In this work, the dynamics of this typical reaction is investigated by the quasi-classical trajectory method based on a recently developed globally accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface. Particularly, the vibrational state distributions of the polyatomic products CH3O and CH2OH are determined by using the normal mode analysis method. It is found that CH3O and CH2OH are dominantly populated in the ground state when the reactants are at the ground ro-vibrational state. The OH stretching mode, torsional mode, H2CO out-of-plane bending mode and their combination bands in the CH2OH product can be effectively excited once the OH stretching mode of the reactant CH3OH is excited to the first vibrationally excited state. Most of the available energy flows into the HF vibrational energy and the translational energy in both channels, while the radical products, CH3O or CH2OH, receive a small amount of energy, consistent with experiment, which is an indication of its spectator nature.
Kinetics and dynamics of the H(2S) + NO(X2Π) → N(4S) + OH(X2Π) reaction: A quasi-classical trajectory study
Authors: Wang Zhimo , Xie Changjian
Published: March 2022

A quasi-classical trajectory study of the H(2S) + NO(X2Π) → N(4S) + OH(X2Π) reaction kinetics and dynamics is reported on an accurate potential energy surface. The total integral cross sections of the reaction were calculated at the collision energy ranging from 2.00 eV to 2.80 eV. It was found that the total reaction integral cross section increases monotonically with the collision energy. Specifically at the collision energy range of 2.40–2.57 eV, our calculated results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated thermal rate constants are in fairly good agreement with available experimental results. Through the trajectory analysis at the collision energy of 2.57 eV, it was found that the title reaction is dominated by the indirect trajectories (1.4 times more compared to the direct trajectories), which sheds light on the reaction dynamics of the title reaction in the high collision energy range.
Photo-induced ultrafast electron dynamics in anatase and rutile TiO2: Effects of electron-phonon interaction
Authors: Lian Man , Wang Yu-Chen , Peng Shiping , Zhao Yi
Published: March 2022

The photo-induced ultrafast electron dynamics in both anatase and rutile TiO2 are investigated by using the Boltzmann transport equation with the explicit incorporation of electron-phonon scattering rates. All structural parameters required for dynamic simulations are obtained from ab initio calculations. The results show that although the longitudinal optical modes significantly affect the electron energy relaxation dynamics in both phases due to strong Frohlich-type couplings, the detailed relaxation mechanisms have obvious differences. In the case of a single band, the energy relaxation time in anatase is 24.0 fs, twice longer than 11.8 fs in rutile. This discrepancy is explained by the different diffusion distributions over the electronic Bloch states and different scattering contributions from acoustic modes in the two phases. As for the multiple-band situation involving the lowest six conduction bands, the predicted overall relaxation times are about 47 fs and 57 fs in anatase and rutile, respectively, very different from the case of the single band. The slower relaxation in rutile is attributed to the existence of multiple rate-controlled steps during the dynamic process. The present findings may be helpful to control the electron dynamics for designing efficient TiO2-based devices.
Imaging photodissociation dynamics of MgO at 193 nm
Authors: Li Fang-fang , Ma Yu-jie , Liu Jia-xing , Yan Dong , Xu Ang , Wang Feng-yan
Published: March 2022

In this work, we used time-sliced ion velocity imaging to study the photodissociation dynamics of MgO at 193 nm. Three dissociation pathways are found through the speed and angular distributions of magnesium. One pathway is the one-photon excitation of MgO(X1Σ+) to MgO(G1Π) followed by spin-orbit coupling between the G1Π, 33Π and 15Π states, and finally dissociated to the Mg(3Pu)+O(3Pg) along the 15Π surface. The other two pathways are one-photon absorption of MgO(A1Π) state to MgO(G1Π) and MgO(41Π) state to dissociate into Mg(3Pu)+O(3Pg) and Mg(1Sg)+O(1Sg), respectively. The anisotropy parameters of the dissociation pathways are related to the lifetime of the vibrational energy levels and the coupling of rotational and vibronic spin-orbit states. The total kinetic energy analysis gives D0(Mg−O)=21645±50 cm−1.
Measurement on electron density of high-power and large-volume ICP-heated wind tunnel with HCN laser interferometer
Authors: Deng Weifeng , Liu Yanming , Zhang Jia , Li Xiaoping , Liu Donglin , Bao Weimin
Published: March 2022

This paper explains the physical behavior of the electron density of high-power and large-volume plasma wind tunnel using a single channel hydrogen cyanide (HCN) laser interferometer. Based on the characteristics of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-heated wind tunnel, the temperature and pressure distribution of the ICP-heated wind tunnel are obtained from numerical simulations, during which the influence of neutral particles is considered to calculate the accurate electron density. The typical electron density order of ICP-heated wind tunnel is 1018m−3. We discovered that there is a positive correlation between the electron density of argon plasma jet and mass flow rate, while that of air plasma jet decreases slightly. We also found that the peak of electron density appears when the argon is switched to air. Within the voltage range of 6–10 kV, the electron density of argon and air plasma increases slowly. However, when the voltage increases from 10 to 12 kV, the electron density of air plasma increases sharply with the mass flow rate of 15 g/s. Finally, the electron density of argon plasma is much higher than that of air plasma at the same mass flow rate and voltage.
The effect of the contact point asymmetry on the accuracy of thin films thermal conductivity measurement by scanning thermal microscopy using Wollaston probes
Authors: Hapenciuc C. L. , Negut I. , Visan A. , Borca-Tasciuc T. , Mihailescu I. N.
Published: March 2022

Scanning thermal microscopy is a widely recognized technique nowadays for thermal conductivity measurement of bulk and nanostructured materials. Wollaston probes are presently used in contact or noncontact mode for thermal conductivity measurement. They can be batch or laboratory fabricated and offer an appropriate spatial resolution from a few micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. A study is reported herewith on the errors that can affect the average temperature rise and related probe thermal resistance with a direct impact on thermal conductivity measurement, as a consequence of a contact point asymmetry. The new proposed theoretical model and its results can be used or adapted to any kind and size of probe. The study is based on the fin diffusive heat conduction equation applied on three regions of the probe: left, middle, and right, with respect to the contact point. The thermal conductivity measurement for a thin film on a substrate is simulated and the errors that arise from using an asymmetric contact point are inferred for the three values of the asymmetry. They are next compared to simulations obtained using a simplified model of heat transfer inside the probe and from the probe to the sample. The accuracy of the two models is comparatively analyzed in order to select the optimum one. A primary validation of the asymmetric model is performed using the experimental data from the literature. This analysis can serve as a criterion for the experimental accuracy of the method and improvement possibilities.
Momentum flux fluctuations in wall turbulence: A formula beyond the law of the wall
Authors: Mouri Hideaki , Ito Junshi
Published: March 2022

Within wall turbulence, there is a sublayer where the mean wall-normal flux of the streamwise momentum is constant and related to the logarithmic wall-normal profile of the mean streamwise velocity. This relation, i.e., the law of the wall, has been used to estimate the mean stress at the wall surface. However, the momentum flux exhibits large temporal fluctuations. To relate them theoretically to those of the streamwise velocity at the same position from the wall, we consider an orthogonal decomposition of the fluctuations on a plane of the streamwise and wall-normal velocities. Since a large timescale is expected for the component that would dominate the momentum flux, it is singled out by temporal smoothing. The resultant formula is consistent with time-series data of a boundary layer in a wind tunnel. We also extend the formula to thermally stratified cases.
Bispectral analysis of nonlinear mixing in a periodically driven Korteweg–de Vries system
Authors: Mir Ajaz , Tiwari Sanat , Sen Abhijit
Published: March 2022

The nonlinear response of a periodically driven Korteweg–de Vries model system is studied using a variety of nonlinear drivers and compared to previous results obtained for a purely time-dependent sinusoidal driver by Mir et al. [Phys. Plasmas 27, 113701 (2020)]. It is found that a nonlinear driver in the form of a cnoidal-square wave or a traveling wave driver produces a spectral response that is closer to experimental observations of Nosenko et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 085001 (2004)] than that predicted by the simple sinusoidal driver. Using a bispectral analysis, we also firmly establish that the nature of the nonlinear oscillations, due to the interaction between the periodic source and the inherent collective mode of the system, is predominantly governed by a three-wave mixing process. Furthermore, by studying the variation in mixing patterns, from a broad to a sparse frequency spectrum, as a function of the driver frequency and its functional form, we propose a means of tailoring the nature of such patterns. Our results could find useful applications in the experimental interpretation and manipulation of nonlinear wave mixing patterns in weakly nonlinear and dispersive plasma systems or similar phenomena in neutral fluids.
Tunable transmission near Dirac-like point in the designed plasma photonic crystal
Authors: Li Jianfei , Yao Jingfeng , Yuan Chengxun , Wang Ying , Zhou Zhongxiang , Zhang Jingwen
Published: March 2022

The ingenious combination of gaseous plasma and alumina columns forms a plasma photonic crystal with the advantage of dynamic tunability to control the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Plasma density as another degree of freedom is used to realize the Dirac-like cone, which degenerates accidentally at the first Brillouin zone in a square lattice. The investigations of transmission spectrum and phase variation demonstrate that the Dirac-like cone formed in a plasma photonic crystal still possess the zero-refractive-index property, and the cloaking effect for obstacles can be turned on or off by adjusting the electron density. Based on the feature of dynamic tunability, the dual-channel optical switch is designed, and the transmission path of electromagnetic waves can be controlled dynamically.