bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contamination Assessment by Heavy Metals of the Ykem River Sediments (Coastal Meseta, Morocco)
Authors:   the Laboratory of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences of Kénitra, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco, Aoufa Mohameden , Chahid Noureddine , Baghdad Bouamar , Chakiri Saïd , Hadi Hassan EL , Fatiha Zahry
Published: August 2022

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of pollution of Wadi Ykem through a geochemical study allowing highlighting the physicochemical characteristics as well, the evaluation and the distribution of the heavy metal contents in the sediments. For the environmental assessment of its sediments, a study was carried out to determine the concentrations of major elements and trace elements (Cd, Cr, Al, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni) during two different hydrological seasons: in summer (June 2017) and in winter (April 2018). In the two campaigns 20 sediment samples were collected in 10 sampling sites. The various sampling sites were distributed upstream and downstream of the Ykem river. These metals were analyzed at CNESTEN using the ICP MS technique. The geo-accumulation index, the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for the assessment of metallic contamination of the sediments. The results of this study show a homogeneous distribution of the contents of major elements with a dominance of the elements SiO2 and TiO2 in the two campaigns. High Cd contents which exceed the contents of geochemical backgrounds. High levels of Cd, Pb and Al. And low concentrations for (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) for the two campaigns. The PLI variations show that all the stations have PLI values greater than 1. The Enrichment Factor does not show contamination at all sampling stations. The values of Igeo show levels which vary from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.
Analysis of the Fluoride Levels of Well Water Consumed by the Moroccan Population in Different Rural Areas
Authors:   the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco, Essebbahi Issam , Ouazzani Chadia , Moustaghfir Abdellah , Er-ramly Azzeddine , Baroudi Youssef El , Balouch Lhoussine
Published: August 2022

Fluoride plays an essential role in preventing cavities when consumed in small amounts. However, continuous excessive fluoride ingestion could cause significant adverse health effects in humans, ranging from mild dental fluorosis to debilitating skeletal fluorosis, depending on the level and period of exposure to fluorides. In rural areas, the source of fluoride in well water could be due to natural, industrial, or anthropogenic contamination. The purpose of our work was to assess the degree of contamination of groundwater by fluorides from different regions in Morocco located in agricultural campaigns, where the only source of consumable water is well water. A total of 40 well water samples were collected from 7 rural Moroccan areas. Fluoride level analyses were performed using a fluoride-specific ion electrode (HI-4110). The fluoride levels found in the various well waters of the different regions range from 0.2 mg/l to 6.58 mg/l. Five wells have levels that exceed the recommended adult standards, while 28 wells have levels above the recommended standards for children. These results help warn the public about the risk of developing dental fluorosis and encourage them to change the sources of water consumption from the well waters with high fluoride content.
Investigating the Impact of International Tourist Arrivals on Economic Growth under Environmental Hazards in Malaysia
Authors:   the Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia, Tan Chuie-Hong , Lee See-Nie
Published: August 2022

Tourist receipts is a crucial determinant in Malaysian economic growth. However, environmental hazards due to climate change is perceived as potential threats to tourism. This paper aims to understand the effect of environmental hazards on the international tourist arrivals in Malaysia. Malaysian monthly data was analyzed using the linear regression approach to examine the tourism-led economic growth. Granger Causality Test is employed to test for directional cause analysis among variables. Overall results also show that an increase in environmental hazards that moderated with international tourist arrivals leads to a lower Malaysian economic growth in Malaysia. Meanwhile, better air quality boosts the number of international tourist arrivals, hence stimulates Malaysian economic growth. Granger causality results indicate that there exists a bidirectional cause between international tourist arrivals and climate change (temperature, and thunderstorm) but a unidirectional causality exists between international tourist arrivals and economic growth, carbon emission, air quality and rainfall, respectively. Effective mitigation of climate change needs to be implemented by the authorities to reduce the environmental risk.
Development of an Educational Software Focused on the Learning of the Communication Subject for Elementary Students of the I.E. Las Verdes 36001, Huancavelica-Peru
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Continental, Peru, Contreras Samuel Illapa Bellido , Mallcco Brandon James Huamán , Villar Carla Milagros Fonseca , Moggiano Nabilt
Published: August 2022

Educational software involves every program that is intended to be used as a didactic resource in teaching and learning processes. This project puts into practice, the gamification of learning as a pedagogical method, improving the teaching process and cognitive development, through the use of software. Level Up Kids software was developed through the traditional/cascade methodology, focusing on each stage of the process for its development, divided in: Analysis, Planning, Design, Content, Development and Testing. As a result, there was an 31.81% decrease of failed students, out of a total of 132 students, taking as evaluation criteria, the grades obtained during the 3rd and 4th bimester of the year 2021, using the software in this last period. Considering the Level Up Kids software as a complementary tool for education.
Machine Vision Algorithm Training Course Construction with PBL
Authors:   the School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, Jiang Cuiling , Wan Yongjing , Zhu Yu , Wang Rong
Published: August 2022

Interdisciplinary integration of theory and practice is imperative as a course requirement in emerging engineering education, and in the public elective course "Machine Vision Algorithm Training". Considering the entire teaching process, including pre-training, in-training, and post-training, this paper discusses the course construction and content in detail in terms of project-based learning (PBL). The PBL teaching approach and evaluation methods are described in detail through a comprehensive face recognition training case based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and Raspberry Pi. Through project design training from shallower to deeper, interdisciplinary integration of theory and practice is cultivated, stimulating interest in course study. The results demonstrate that PBL teaching improves the engineering application and innovative abilities of students.
Reflection-Based Learning in Virtual Environments for Pre-service Teachers
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand, Noichun Nuntiya
Published: August 2022

The virtual environment is closely related to social currents in terms of the development of advanced technology, different learning environments, and changes in human behavior over time. This study observed students’ academic achievement and investigated the results of learners’ reflection-based learning in a virtual environment among pre-service teachers. The participants were selected from among second-year students at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University: 38 were in the experimental group, and 38 were in the control group. The findings indicated that the experimental group had achievement significantly different from that of the control group at a .05 level of significance. The results for the reflection level were at 80.26%, a higher value than among students in the control group, who had a reflection level of 50.07%. These results indicate that reflection-based learning in the virtual environment impacts academic achievement. Reflective skills are also useful for learner practice.
Gamification of Virtual Language Learning: A Case Study with Thai Undergraduate Students
Authors:   the Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket 83120 Thailand, Aguilos Veronica , Gallagher Colin , Fuchs Kevin
Published: August 2022

Gamification of learning in higher education has been used as an educational tool to motivate and engage students. Despite its positive impacts demonstrated in the existing body of knowledge, some adversaries are concerned with the decline of learners’ intrinsic motivation and becoming independent of extrinsic rewards. This research aims to design a user-centered and meaningful gamification framework for students who are explicitly learning English as a second language to resolve these adversaries. The empirical data for this study was collected through a focus group discussion. It was conducted to obtain students’ learning factors that would contribute to user-centered learning. Based on the focus group outcome, a gamification course using a learning management system with embedded gamification features will be best suited for these specific students. The affordances used in this study are rewards, levels, badges, and points. The practical implications of this study are to gain a more in-depth understanding of the students’ motivations in language learning, which is crucial in creating a meaningful user-centered game design.
The study of maternal factors and perinatal outcome in meconium-stained liquor
Authors: Karena Zalak V. , Bhat Geetha , Dudhrejiya Kavita , Gorfad Deep
Published: August 2022

Background: The presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is believed to be one of the surest signs of fetal distress in utero due to fetal hypoxia. The objective of the study is to determine the maternal factors, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome for meconium-stained liquor.Methods: A prospective observational study of 500 women with term pregnancy having meconium-stained liquor during labour after spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes from 01 October 2018 to 30 September 2019 were included in the study. Details regarding maternal risk factors and perinatal outcomes were studied.Results: The women were classified into 2 groups according to the type of staining: thin group and thick group.8.6% of the women had more than one risk factor. Prolonged labour (6.4%), oligohydramnios (4.8%) and hypertension (7%) prevailed more compared to other factors and had a significant association with meconium-stained liquor (p value <0.05). In our study, higher caesarean section rate (82.44%) due to fetal distress in meconium-stained liquor women was present. Incidence of birth asphyxia was significantly higher in thick meconium compared to thin meconium. 15 cases had birth asphyxia and 27 babies had meconium aspiration syndrome. Perinatal morbidity of 6.41% was seen in thin meconium-stained group and 20.74% with thick meconium-stained group. Out of 500 cases of meconium-stained liquor, 29 cases had neonatal death and 30 cases of thick meconium-stained group had still birth.Conclusions: Meconium-stained liquor significantly increased the neonatal morbidity and mortality. The "thickness" of meconium had a direct bearing on the neonatal outcome.
Comparative study of the cytologic diagnosis, specimen adequacy, sensitivity, and cost effectiveness of liquid-based cytology with that of conventional PAP tests
Authors: M. S. Manickadevi , Hemalatha S. V. , M. Thangamani
Published: August 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in many developing countries constituting 20-30% of female cancers. In the developed western countries, it accounts for only 4-6% of female cancers. This difference largely reflects the impact of mass screening using cervical cytologic methods.Methods: Prospective observational study.300 patients were selected from the gynaecology OPD of Government RSRM lying In Hospital. A detailed history was taken and they were informed about the screening procedures and counselling given regarding the necessity for their participation in screening program. Both conventional pap and liquid-based cytology were performed in the same patient and results were analyzed.Results: Out of 300 patients screened for cancer cervix with conventional Pap and liquid-based cytology in the same patient, LBC detection rate of cervical abnormalities and HSIL was higher than that of CP. False -ve rate of LBC was only 2%. Sensitivity is 97% and false positive rate is 44%. The sensitivity is equal to that of the gold standard method. Infection detection rate increased with LBC. Specimen adequacy improved with LBC substantially. The collection sample device brush was found superior to the wooden Ayre’s spatula in both not injuring tissues and specimen collection. The adverse impact on a woman's quality of life caused by unnecessary repeat smears and possible investigations would reduce the cost with LBC. The economic evidence suggests that LBC screening every 3 years or longer may be cost-effective. LBC reduced the pressure on a skilled workforce.Conclusions: As stated in WHO press release, dated 11 October 2001 it can be concluded through the current study that we should aim to divert our resources to screening and treating the high-risk groups of women. The effort once or twice in their lifetime will reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 50%.
A study on effect of vitamin d supplementation in vitamin D deficient females with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Garg Sakshi , Makhija Nishi
Published: August 2022

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common metabolic and endocrine disorders among women, whereas vitamin D is a steroid with hormone like activity and also considered as a missing link between insulin resistance and PCOS due to its underlying mechanism of action in reducing insulin resistance thereby altering pathogenesis behind PCOS symptoms.Methods: A prospective cohort comparative observational study was carried out from July 2019 to December 2020 in 96 vitamin D deficient females with PCOS (polycystic ovarian-syndrome). All females were randomly recruited under group A and B with equal proportion of 1:1, where group A were given metformin (500 mg twice daily) only and group B were given metformin (500 mg twice daily) plus vitamin D 60000 IU weekly for 24 weeks. Baseline clinical, hormonal, metabolic, sonographic parameters were compared before and after treatment.Results: Significant improvement was seen in various parameters in both the groups, like oligomenorrhoea improved in 41.67% individuals. FG score improved from mean of 10.28±2.02 in group B to 8.44±2.23 with p<0.0001. Acne improved in both groups equally in 22.92%. Polycystic ovary pattern improved in 14.58% individuals of group B with p<0.0001. Serum total testosterone improved in 16.71% in group A and in 22.92% in group B. HOMA-IR was also reduced in both groups effectively and was statistically significant with p=0.017 in group A and p=0.001 in group B.Conclusions: Remarkable improvement was seen in clinical, hormonal, metabolic and sonographic parameters in group B and noteworthy reduction in HOMA-IR, BP and triglyceride values was also seen. Hence, supplementation of vitamin D is highly effective in improving PCOS and preventing future consequences as well.
Comparison of clonidine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants for ropivacaine in ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block for post caesarean analgesia
Authors: Nazir Ovais , Bhat Asif Hussain , Yatoo Hamid , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2022

Background: Transversus abdominis plane block is an important regional anaesthesia technique for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section. Addition of adjuvants to local anaesthetic in TAP block helps in improving the duration of analgesia. Objective of current study was to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to 0.2% ropivacaine in USG guided TAP block for duration of postoperative analgesia in caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: A total of 75 pregnant patients belonging to ASA I-II scheduled for caesarean section were included and divided into three groups; Group I-0.2% Ropivacaine plus normal saline, Group II-0.2% Ropivacaine plus 50 mcg clonidine and Group III-0.2% ropivacaine plus 50 mcg dexmedetomidine. The patients were compared for duration of analgesia, total       number and amount of rescue analgesia utilized in 24        hours.Results: The mean duration of analgesia was found to be more (statistically significant p<0.05) and number as well as amount of rescue analgesic doses were reduced in group III as compared to group I and group II.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a better alternative to clonidine as adjuvant for 0.2% ropivacaine in USG guided TAP block to extend the duration of postoperative analgesia and decreased 24-hour analgesic requirement in caesarean section.
Oocyte central granularity and its relation to pregnancy outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection-freeze-all cycles
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Vargese Alex C. , Ashraf Mohamed C. , Binoy Dhannya
Published: August 2022

Background: Oocyte quality is instrumental in the development of early embryos and may account for the difference in the rates of fertilization, cleavage, implantation and pregnancy outcome. Centrally located cytoplasmic granularity is a rare morphological feature that can be observed in certain cases. We conducted this study with the sole aim to compare the pregnancy outcomes from embryo derived exclusively from oocytes with dense central granularity with embryos derived from oocytes with normal morphology in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-freeze- all cycles.Methods: A retrospective case control study performed during a period of 1 year and 10 months from Jan 2018-Oct 2019 at craft hospital and research centre India; a tertiary heath care centre. The 62 infertile women undergoing ICSI FET cycle with oocyte cohort having all central granularity oocytes were included as study participants after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 200 women undergoing ICSI- frozen embryo transfer (FET with normal morphology oocyte were taken. Implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were evaluated as primary outcomes. Ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate, fertilization rate and top-quality embryo were taken as secondary outcomes.Results: The implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate was 21.48% and 40.33% in study group compared to 35.012% and 58.5% respectively in control group which was statistically significant (p=0.002; 0.012 respectively).Conclusions: Presence of dense central granularity in the oocyte can be used to predict poor ART outcome in terms of low implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.
Using the new ICD-MM classification system for attribution of cause of maternal death: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Anuj Kumar , Rastogi Radha , Bamaniya Archana , Tripathy Sumeet Ranjan , Jakhar Balveer , Patel Kalpesh
Published: August 2022

Background: Sustainable development goal 3 includes an ambitious target of reducing the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 births by 2030. Understanding the causes of and factors contributing to maternal deaths is critically important for development of interventions that reduce the global burden of maternal mortality and morbidity. The International classification of diseases-maternal mortality has proven to be easily applicable and helps clarify the cause of maternal death. Methods: Retrospective study of 100 maternal death cases was done in a tertiary medical centre of Rajasthan from December 2020 to November 2021 for determining the causes of maternal death and their classification according to ICD-MM. Results: A total of 100 maternal mortality cases were analyzed in this study for causes of death. Classification of causes of death according to WHO ICD-MM is represented in study results. Direct causes of maternal deaths were observed in 82 % cases whereas indirect causes were present in remaining 18%. Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) constituted the major groups of direct cause of maternal deaths whereas systemic infections were the most common indirect cause (15%). During the study period, COVID-19 was attributable to 12 cases of maternal death.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders (29%), obstetric haemorrhage (27%) and pregnancy related infection (12%) were the major causes of direct obstetric death and systemic infections (15%) was the most common cause of indirect obstetric death. All of these causes are preventable with targeted interventions.
Efficacy of trans-cerebellar diameter/abdominal circumference ratio versus head circumference/abdominal circumference ratio in prediction of asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation
Authors: Maryi Silvin Sofia , D. Indirani , P. S. Vinothkumar
Published: August 2022

Background: Determination of gestational age is an important step of pregnancy management and foetal development evaluation in obstetrics. Any error in this gestational age estimation results in prematurity or post maturity and in case if the expected date of delivery is not known, there is high chance of perinatal mortality in the near outcome. Hence it is important in achieving an uneventful gestation to have a sensitive, specific and age independent obstetric biometric parameter that stays constant throughout the gestation. Trans-cerebellar diameters (TCD)/ abdominal circumference (AC) ratio are reliable, constant predictors to assess the gestational age and to evaluate fetal growth. Aim was to compare the accuracy of TCD/ AC ratio with head circumference (HC)/ AC ratio in predicting asymmetrical IUGR.Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year on 100 clinically suspected IUGR pregnancies who were evaluated with BPD, HC, AC and FL along with TCD were measured for assessing the sonological gestational age. Two morphometric ratios-TCD/AC and HC/AC were calculated. Estimated fetal weight was calculated for all these pregnancies and its percentile was determined. Then those clinically suspected IUGR cases were followed up to delivery and post-delivery new Ballord score and CAN score (clinical assessment of nutritional status at birth) were calculated.Results: In the present study, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and DA were 83.93%, 65.91%, 75.81%, 76.32% and 76% respectively for TCD/AC ratio versus respectively for HC/AC ratio in predicting IUGR.  Conclusions: Both ratios were gestational age independent and can be used in detecting IUGR with good diagnostic accuracy. However, TCD/AC ratio had a better diagnostic validity and accuracy compared to HC/AC ratio in predicting asymmetric IUGR.
Role of thrombophilia screening in recurrent pregnancy loss and poor pregnancy outcome
Authors: V. Divya , N. Sumathi , Poomarimuthu Mahesh Kumar , Govindan Ramajayam
Published: August 2022

Background: The pathophysiology of recurrent pregnancy loss is poorly understood and some factors have been implicated as causes of RPL including genetics, metabolic and infections. But still in majority of RPL cases, cause remains unexplained (around 40-50%). Recent few studies have shown that there is significant association between thrombophilia and RPL. The genetic predisposition to venous thrombosis such as factor V Leiden, factor V HR2 haplotype, factor V HongKong/Cambridge and PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism have been reported to be associated with RPL. This study examined the specific prevalence of genetic thrombophilic markers in women with recurrent miscarriage.Methods: A retrospective case-control study designed with 50 RPL cases and 50 healthy controls. Genotyping of the four thrompohilic mutation were performed by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR methods.Results: The frequencies of factor V HR2 haplotype mutant heterozygous form (OR=1.46; p=0.758), PAI-1-675 4G/4G (OR=1.13; p=0.806) and PAI-1 -675 5G/5G (OR=1.24; p=0.815) were moderately higher in RPL patients than controls. While, the mutant form of factor V Hong Kong and factor V Cambridge were completely absent in this study population.Conclusions: To our best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the association of Factor V HR2 haplotype, factor V Hong Kong/Cambridge and PAI-1 (-675 4G/5G) mutations with RPL in South Indian population. However, this study did not reveal any significant association between studied mutations and RPL due to small sample size.
Gum chewing stimulates early return of peristalsis after caesarean section
Authors: Siddhpura Shivani T. , Ninama Pallavi G. , Mehta Latika R.
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative gum chewing on the recovery of peristalsis after caesarean section. Study design was a randomized controlled study. Settings were at GMERS medical college and hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad. Population was total of 200 pregnant women who underwent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: Women were randomized into two groups. Group A who received 1 chewing gum for 15 minutes every 2 hours post-surgery. Group B had traditional management (oral intake of clear fluids after 12 hours).Results: The study group showed shorter mean interval time for return of bowel sounds, passage of flatus, passage of bowel motion and shorter hospital stay as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Chewing gum is safe post-CS, well tolerated and associated with rapid return of intestinal motility and shorter hospital stay.
Relaparotomy after caesarean section: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary medical college
Authors: Das Rumpa , Sarkar Malay , Roy Debobrata , Das Krishnapada , Pramanik Arpita , Murmu Marshal
Published: August 2022

Background: Relaparotomy is the term which defines operations performed within 60days after the initial surgery. Ralaparotomy following caesarean section may happen and that’s why a study was done to evaluate the risk factors, indications, procedures done during relaparotomy after caesarean section.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in burdwan medical college and hospital for a period of 3years from 1June 2019 to 31 May 2022. Total 32 cases required relaparotomy following caesarean section.Results: In this study, there were 25,527 caesarean deliveries out of 56,145 total deliveries over 3years time period. Among caesarean deliveries 32 cases underwent relaparotomy (0.12%). In most of the cases relaparotomies were due to intraperitoneal haemorrhage, rectus sheath hematoma, postpartum haemorrhage. Indications of cesarean section were severe preeclampsia, non-progress of labour, abruption, post cesarean section with scar tenderness, meconium-stained liquor with fetal distress. Most of the women were in the age group of 20-30 years. Resuturing of the bleeding points were done in most of the cases.Conclusions: As a lifesaving procedure, decision of relaparotomy should be taken as soon as possible. Proper hemostasis need to be ensured before closure of abdomen, as intraperitoneal haemorrhage is the most common indications for relaparotomy.
Torsion of hematosalpinx with bicornuate uterus
Authors: Singh Ila , Sarkar Avir , Singh Nilanchali
Published: August 2022

Torsion of fallopian tube is less frequent but significant cause of lower abdominal pain in reproductive age women that is difficult to recognize pre-operatively. Most of the cases with isolated fallopian tubal torsion have a delayed diagnosis and a subsequent delay of timely intervention that may result in failure to save the tubal function. Here we present a case of 22 years old female with torsion of hematosalpinx who presented with chronic lower abdominal pain that was successfully treated. Pre-operative imaging was non-specific. Laparoscopic detorsion and salpingectomy was performed, successfully preserving the ovaries.
Caesarean section scar pregnancy: case report, literature review and illustrative images
Authors: Burande Sunita Ajay , Mahale Arun Ramkrishnarao , Khanapure Balaji Baswanappa
Published: August 2022

A case report of exogenic caesarean section scar pregnancy which ruptured into the utero-vesical pouch causing hemoperitoneum is presented with very illustrative images. Literature regarding importance of early diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy is reviewed.
Scar endometriosis: a rare entity
Authors: Dhiman Kanika , Guleria Sara , Jharaik Himang
Published: August 2022

Endometriosis is described as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Scar endometriosis is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.8% and is difficult to diagnose. It can occur after any surgery which involves endometrial manipulation but caesarean section greatly increases the risk of developing abdominal wall endometriosis. Ultrasound is the most accessible imaging modality along with history and physical examination for establishing a preoperative diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware and highly suspicious of endometriosis in women presenting with pain in the abdomen and/or abdominal mass near the scar following both obstetric or gynecologic surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent emotional as well as physical distress to the patient. Surgical excision is the best for diagnosis as well as treatment.
A pure and bizarre ovarian malignancy - choriocarcinoma: case report
Authors: Kanchan Swati , Guruvare Shyamala , Nayal Bhavna
Published: August 2022

Germ cell malignancies represent 15% of ovarian cancers in Asians. Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the ovary with trophoblastic differentiation can be gestational or non-gestational in origin the study is aimed to increase awareness of rare malignant cancer in children that can present in uncommon symptoms and is diagnosed only if the doctor is vigilant. It is a prospective observational case report. Though uncommon a cancer, choriocarcinoma cases have been reported several times in the literature with no definitive treatment plan. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery has proven too successful in the above case. A multidisciplinary approach to juvenile cancer can have a fruitful outcome with high cure rates. The rarity of this cancer makes it difficult to have clear cut diagnosis fixed treatment plan. A good history taking and easy availability of ultrasound with fast-track referral can save many lives from the deadly disease like cancer. Due to paucity of data in regard to pure choriocarcinoma this case report may help in gathering more attention to the research towards this cancer.
A rare case of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a pregnant female managed conservatively
Authors: . Shikhanshi , Chavan Niranjan , Kapote Deepali , Sakhalkar Ashwini
Published: August 2022

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare syndrome, characterized by cystic enlargement of the ovaries and a fluid shift from the intravascular to the third space due to ovarian neo-angiogenesis and increased capillary permeability. It is generally iatrogenic, occurring due to administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) during assisted reproductive techniques. Spontaneous form of OHSS is so rare that is easy to confuse the diagnosis of spontaneous OHSS with other causes. Only few cases have been reported in literature where OHSS was seen without prior stimulation from any exogenous hormones. Here we present a case of spontaneous OHSS in a 30-year-old Indian female who was 5 weeks pregnant. Since there was no history of hormone stimulation before/during this pregnancy, ovarian carcinoma instead of OHSS was thought to be the primary diagnosis. There was presence of breathlessness, ascites and bilateral ovarian masses with raised CA-125. A battery of tests and investigations, the diagnosis of moderate OHSS was made after excluding all other causes. The patient was managed conservatively and her symptoms improved with time. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is generally suspected strongly in patients undergoing infertility treatment whenever there is 3rd space accumulation of fluid or increase in number of follicles in ovary. However, rarely spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can be considered as differential diagnosis in cases where no other causes can be found for presence of abdominal pain, nausea-vomiting, ascites, pleural effusion and enlargement of ovaries specially if the patient is pregnant. Due to increased vascular permeability in such cases along with extravascular loss of fluid, there is intravascular hypovolemia. If the diagnosis is missed, there may be risk of unnecessary interventions and morbidity in such patients. Strict monitoring of patient in hospital is required. In most cases of mild to moderate OHSS only conservative management is needed while in severe cases, intensive care unit (ICU) admission may be necessary.
Iodine nutrition and its assessment during pregnancy: a need for concern
Authors: Bharathi M. Naga , Kumar K. Eswar , Prasad K. , Srinivas Y.
Published: August 2022

Micro nutrient iodine was essential in biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH). These hormones play a vital role in the growth and development of human beings at various stages of life. TH are required for normal brain development at embryonic, fetal and at past natal stages. If deficiency of iodine occurs then thyroid hormone production was impaired, if deficiency of TH occurs it can cause irreversible damage of brain which leads to various disorders like metal retarded ness, cretinism and goiter known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). When compared to normal adults, pregnant women and school children 5-12 years age are more vulnerable IDD. Due to the physiological variations during pregnancy iodine requirements rose significantly from 150 µg/day in non-pregnant adult women to 250 μg/day. However recent iodine nutrition studies showed adequate iodine status but few countries like Sweden and South Africa showed iodine deficiency. This review gives an over view on iodine nutrition on global front.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards epilepsy among university students in South India
Authors: Silvia L. Caroline
Published: August 2022

Background: Epilepsy is one of the common chronic neurological problem affecting people of all ages. Ironically it is also associated with much stigma attached to it. Knowledge about the disease is essential to dispel the myths and misbeliefs. The objective of this study were to evaluate the awareness on epilepsy among the students in a private university and to compare the levels of awareness between health and non-health care students.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 830 students (healthcare group 1- 410; non-health care group 2- 420) at SRM University, Tamil Nadu.Results: Of the 830 students (489 males, 341 females), 93.6% heard about epilepsy. Only 48% have seen a person with epilepsy. One fifth of them link epilepsy with mental illness. 6% believe it to be contagious. A relevant portion of the sample have negative attitudes towards epilepsy.Conclusions: Though majority had reasonable knowledge of epilepsy, there is lack of information among students. Awareness programs should target students-the future pillars of the society.
Primary pleural myxoid liposarcoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Palacios R. Doris M. , Castillo M. Daniel B. , Ruiz P. Jose L. , Silva F. Rafael
Published: August 2022

Myxoid liposarcoma is a histological subtype of malignant tumors within the group of sarcomas. It is more common in men between the ages of 40 and 50 years. Diagnosis is difficult because they are usually asymptomatic lesions, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance are the studies of choice. The gold of treatment is surgical resection with free margins. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have shown a good response. A 46-year-old male was detected incidental mediastinal lesion by radiography, CT scan showed a hypodense lesion in the right hemithorax that extended to the left hemithorax, infiltrating the diaphragm and large vessels. The patient underwent an exploratory thoracotomy, finding a multilobulated tumor and mucous content approximately 600 ml, adjacent structures were infiltrated, so complete resection was not possible. Subsequently, adjuvant chemotherapy given. The histopathological diagnosis was myxoid liposarcoma. Myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant lesion. The primary pleural origin is rare. Surgical resection with free margins has a good prognosis. Due to advanced disease, a complete resection in this case was not possible, that compromised the patient prognosis.
Bronchobiliary fistula: a rare complication after biliodigestive surgery for bile duct injury
Authors: Chagra-Martínez Jorge O. , Aguilera-Hernández Estrella , Castillo-Salazar María F. , González-Díaz Jorge I. , Sánchez-Reyes Karina
Published: August 2022

A bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an abnormal communication between the biliary and bronchial systems. It is a rare condition with an unclear etiology. The principal causes are hepatic hydatid cysts, obstructive and iatrogenic processes. Presenting symptoms are variable and range from productive cough to recurrent pneumonia. The finding of bilioptisis is patognomonic. This case report presented a 22-year-old female patient who underwent a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) for a bile duct injury and who later on, developed a bronchobiliary fistula.
Cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pramanasari Indra , Alexander Nick
Published: August 2022

Stroke is a neurological emergency in the form of disturbances in brain function that occur suddenly, it can be focal or global, which lasts for 24 hours or more and even causes death, with no other obvious cause other than vascular disorders. Strokes are generally divided into two main categories: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia and is often associated with stroke, dementia, and death.  In our case, an 81-year-old woman came to the ED complaining of sudden loss of consciousness with GCS E2V1M5.  A non-contrast CT scan of the head revealed cerebral atrophy and senile cerebellum accompanied by suspicion of infarction in the left globus pallidus.  The ECG results showed an irregular rhythm (irregular P-P) leading to AF.  AF is a high-risk factor for stroke because of impaired blood pumping, so the risk of clots forming which can then escape and flow to the brain causes blockage of blood flow to the brain and stroke occurs.  It is therefore important for routine treatment and control of high-risk patients with heart rhythm disorders such as AF to prevent embolic strokes.
Saúde do Trabalhador em Tempos de Covid-19 como se Proteger e evitar a Disseminação: Relato de Experiencia do Município de Londrina/PR
Authors: Fillis Michelle Moreira Abujamra , Albieri Rosangela , Conselvan Renata Ortiz , Machado Rosilene Aparecida , Pelaquim Tatiane Aparecida Alves , Coelho Valdelice Vaz , Barbora Valéria Cristina Almeida de Aevedo , Da Silva Alcantara Vania Cristina , Dellaroza Mara Solange Gomes , Machado Carlos Felippe Marcondes , Trelha Celita Salmaso
Published: August 2022

A COVID-19, doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), tem configurado uma crise humanitária pela sua alta transmissibilidade e impactos psicosocioeconômicos. Na vigência da pandemia, novas readequações das empresas e do setor trabalhista se fizeram necessárias, principalmente em relação às práticas preventivas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar a experiência de um programa de prevenção à saúde do trabalhador no enfrentamento da pandemia do COVID-19 no município de Londrina e região. O projeto de Extensão intitulado “Saúde do Trabalhador em Tempos de COVID-19: como se proteger e evitar a disseminação” tem por objetivo orientar trabalhadores do município de Londrina e região sobre medidas de proteção e prevenção à COVID-19. Foram orientados 432 estabelecimentos, treinados 4100 multiplicadores, atingindo cerca de 28.791 trabalhadores. As principais fragilidades encontradas foram a baixa adesão voluntária de alguns segmentos e resistência na participação por empresas notificadas pela vigilância em saúde. Verificou-se que a experiência da implantação de ações de prevenção do Coronavírus contribuiu para a socialização do conhecimento científico por meio digitais e fortaleceu a disseminação de informações de qualidade, legítimas e efetivas no controle da doença para trabalhadores de diversas categorias. Além disso, auxiliou no fortalecimento das ações de prevenção na atenção primária
Aumento da violência intrafamiliar e os fatores associados durante a pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Testa Dulius Graziele , Winter Sudbrack Aline , De Oliveira Braga Silveira Luiza Maria
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Investigar e analisar a produção científica nacional acerca dos fatores associados ao aumento da violência intrafamiliar durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca na literatura foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SciELO, LILACS e PubMed. Resultados: Nesta revisão foram selecionados 6 estudos. Da leitura e análise das publicações, os aspectos mais referidos e relacionados com a violência intrafamiliar durante a pandemia de COVID-19 foram: desigualdade de gênero; convivência intensificada e casa como local inseguro; menor acesso a rede de apoio e mudanças no funcionamento dos serviços de atendimento e dificuldades financeiras, fome e desemprego. Conclusão: Pode-se, a partir desse estudo, compreender que essa temática não ocorre como consequência direta da pandemia e do isolamento social, mas é intensificada por elas. A implementação de medidas que colaborem para redução da violência em todos os níveis é um grande desafio, sendo indispensável e urgente em todos os níveis: saúde, educação, assistência social e justiça.
Os impactos das fake news na prevenção e controle da COVID-19: uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura
Authors: Landsteiner de Sampaio Amêndola Isabela , Rodrigues Viana Lucas , Brito de Jesus Mariana , Caleman Gilson , Ribeiro da Silva Vernasque Juliana
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Identificar os principais impactos da desinformação, considerando as formas pelas quais os indivíduos podem ser direta ou indiretamente afetados, tendo em vista os diferentes graus de difusão das notícias falsas e os seus desdobramentos nos cenários reais e virtuais. Método: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura desenvolvida em seis etapas: elaboração do tema da pesquisa; estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão e exclusão; definições ou coleta de dados acerca da busca da literatura; avaliação dos estudos; análise e interpretação dos estudos obtidos; e apresentação dos resultados. MEDLINE, LILACS e PubMed foram as bases de dados utilizadas. Resultados: A partir da análise dos dados de 35 artigos, obtiveram-se quatro temáticas: informação veiculada sobre a COVID-19 nos meios digitais; infodemia e os seus desdobramentos; papel dos profissionais de saúde no combate à desinformação; e o (des)controle das fake news. Conclusões: Esta revisão de literatura reúne estudos de autores de diferentes nacionalidades que demonstram a fragilidade do ambiente virtual em relação à divulgação de informações. A propagação ascendente das fake news está provocando importantes interferências na educação em saúde, a qual é considerada um potente instrumento de ação para o controle adequado da pandemia.
MEASUREMENT OF CO2 AND H2O FLOWS BETWEEN MEDIUM AND PLANTS BY INFRARED GAS ANALYZER BASED ON OPEN GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR
Authors:   Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center Ural Branch of the RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia, Tarasov S. I. , Gerling N. V.
Published: August 2022

Currently, the study of gas exchange in leaves and even entire plants is not difficult. Measurement of gas exchange parameters is, as a rule, carried out using infrared gas analyzers integrated with open gas exchange systems. The measured parameter values are used to evaluate and calculate the physiological processes of interest to the investigator, such as, for example, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by the plant during photosynthesis or the rate of release of water vapors during transpiration. In the scientific literature on plant physiology, the error of the result of measuring physiological parameters is given without taking into account the instrumental error, the contribution of which to the total error can be significant, since the physiological parameters of interest to the researcher are mostly indirectly measurable values. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of the error of measuring the parameters of gas exchange of plants obtained using open gas exchange systems on the error of the estimated physiological parameters. The work analyzes equations that are used to estimate the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of water vapors based on the gas exchange parameters of the plant and are actually standard for open gas exchange systems; issues related to the release of carbon dioxide from the plant in the form of gas during respiratory processes in the light are also considered. An evaluation of instrumental error of carbon dioxide absorption rate measurement during photosynthesis for open gas exchange systems is given.
Közösségi reziliencia és segítségnyújtás – a vörösiszap-katasztrófa károsultjainak hosszú távú vizsgálata példáján
Authors: Bartal Anna Mária , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: August 2022

vOne of the most serious consequences of disasters is the disruption or even the loss of socialsupport relationships. Hence, this paper analyses the social support relationships in theframework of community resilience based on face-to-face interviews with direct (180 people)and indirect (180 people) victims of the red sludge disaster, using data for 2013 and 2020.(Hungary, Devecser district).The focus was analysed according to four types of social support relationship: reciprocal,donor to recipient and incomplete/disintegrated. At the time of the disaster, we identified a highlevel of support activity and a strong reciprocal-donor type of aid model. In contrast, in 2013, wefound an incomplete/disintegrated - reciprocal model with low support activity, and in 2020, areciprocal- incomplete/disintegrated model with medium activity.Based on a detailed statistical analysis of different social support types among the redsludge disaster’s victims the paper explores and presents the social support activities andtheir various patterns with respect to their roles in the resilience of communities. The differentpatterns of social supports relationships that emerged in each period examined varied widely,though – with different intensity – they were primarily influenced by the fact how people wereaffected by disaster’s damages (directly and indirectly). Nevertheless, by 2020, other factors,such as residence, age, and economic activity had already an equally strong impact on differenttypes of social support relationships as the affectedness by the disaster of 2010. We found thatcommunities responded to the red sludge disaster in 2010 and to the Covid-19 epidemic in 2020in a reactive way by activating their social support relationship.