bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and outcome of neonatal jaundice in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Zabeen Bedowra , Nahar Jebun , Nabi N , Baki A , Tayyeb S , Azad Kishwar , Nahar Nazmun
Published: November 2010

Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of newborn hospital admission. The risk factors, the characteristics and outcomes related to neonatal jaundice in Bangladesh has not been studied so far. This study addressed the outcomes, characteristics and risks of the jaundiced newborn admitted into hospital. The babies who had significant jaundice and required phototherapy and /or exchange transfusion were investigated. A detailed history of delivery with gestational age was noted and clinical examination of the admitted newborn was done. Birth weight was recorded. The investigations included complete blood count, ABO and Rh compatibility, serum bilirubin, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and ultrasonography (USG) of brain. The newborns were closely monitored for the prognosis. The requirement of individualized phototherapy and exchange transfusion were also noted. Finally, the outcomes were recorded. Overall, 60 (m v. f = 58.3 v. 41.7%) newborns were found who developed significant jaundice and were investigated. Of them, 35% had gestational age less than 32wks and only 32% had equal to or greater than 35wks. Regarding delivery, 83.3 % had the history of caesarean section. ABO- and Rh– incompatibilities were found in 13.3% and 3.3%, respectively. Septicemia was diagnosed among 26.7% though blood culture yielded growth only in 20%. Compared with the higher gestational age-group (? 35 wks) the lower group (<32 wks) showed significantly higher rate of septicemia (12.5 v. 68.8%, p<0.005). G6PD deficiency was found in only one (1.7%) case. Birth asphyxia was found as a concomitant factor in three patients. Exchange transfusion was done only in 2 (3.3%) babies. Among them one was preterm IDM with septicemia and other had G6PD deficiency. None of these babies developed kernicterus. Five (8.3%) babies died, all of them had septicemia and one baby also had intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) with PDA. The study revealed that a substantial number of neonatal jaundice had the history of lower gestational age in Bangladeshi newborns; and the lower gestational age is significantly associated with septicemia and possibly with hyperbilirubinemia. More study is needed to establish the study findings. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6500Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 70-73
Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Rukshana , Ara Shamim
Published: November 2010

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77
Consequences of misdiagnosis of diabetic charcot anthropathy of the ankle
Authors: Mahmud Chowdhury Iqbal
Published: November 2010

Permanent deformity and disability can occur in diabetic Charcot arthropathy (neuropathic arthropathy) if not diagnosed and treated promptly. We report two patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in whom the diagnosis of ankle neuro-arthropathy was delayed by up to six months, with misdiagnoses including ankle arthritis, osteomyelitis and cellulitis. The clinical scenario and appearances of the ankle and foot were typical of Charcot arthropathy. Unfortunately, both of them sustained ankle fracture-dislocation without a history of significant trauma. Both the patients were treated by ankle arthrodesis (fusion of joint). Prevention and early diagnosis of diabetic foot is the key to avoid the development of complications. In diabetic patients, a higher index of suspicion for the possibility of Charcot’s disease is needed. Key Words: Diabetes mellitus; Charcot arthropathy; ankle fracture-dislocation; arthrodesis. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6503Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 83-86
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: November 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6506J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 143-144
Presentation and Immediate Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Patients with Carcinoma of the Stomach - A Comparative Study between Young and Elderly patients
Authors: Chowdhury SA , Hussain MM , Ahmed J
Published: November 2010

Carcinoma of the stomach is a common malignancy and have a high mortality. Incidence under the age of 45 is comparatively low but appear more aggressive then elderly group. This study was designed to describe the presentation and operative findings in the two groups of patients and to record the outcome of surgical management in these patients.A total of 86 cases were included in this study. 14 were from below 40 years (young group) and 72 were above 40 years (elderly group). Young patients had less definitive symptoms than elderly group. Pain (85.71%) and vomiting (78%) were the most prominent symptoms in both the groups. But in elderly a significant number 54(75%) of cases had anorexia. Lump and visible peristalsis were present in both groups in approximately similar proportion. Histopathologically younger patients had more aggressive disease than the elderly group.The operability in carcinoma of the stomach was more in young group probably due to physical fitness of patient. In both the groups antrum was the commonest site of malignancy. The incidence of malignancy in body was more in young patients. In young group tumor status was T4 in 54.5% and in elderly group 56% was in T4 stage. 80% had lymph node involvement in both the groups. Resection was possible in young group in about 90% and gastrojejunostomy in 9.09% cases. Conversely, in the elderly group resection was possible in 58% and gastrojejunostomy was done in 42% cases. Total gastrectomy was done in 18.18% in young group and 4% in elderly group. Another important finding was partial gastrectomy was done in 72.73% in young but 46% in elderly only. The mortality was more (18.2%) in young group in comparison to (10%) in elderly.Gastric carcinoma was found more aggressive in young with high mortality and morbidity. Efforts should be taken for early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6507J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 145-150
The Role of Mirena (Intra-uterine progestogens), Other than Contraceptive benefits: Current Concepts and Practices
Authors: Bina I
Published: November 2010

Mirena is a long acting intrauterine hormone-releasing (LNG-IUS) contraceptive system with a flexible plastic T-shaped frame bearing a levonorgestrel(LNG)- containing cylinder which releases small doses levonorgestrel into the uterine cavity after insertion with maximum effect on the endometrium and minimum progestogenic side-effect. LNG causes thinning of the endometrium, atrophy of the endometrial glands and decidualisation of the endometrial stroma. The most common side-effect of LNG-IUS is unscheduled vaginal bleeding in the first 3 months, so proper counseling is needed. In some cases functional ovarian cysts may occur which are relatively small, symptomless and resolved spontaneously within a short time.Mirena is now licensed for the treatment of menorrhagia in UK because it reduces 97% of blood loss in 12 months uses. It is also an effective progestogenic endometrial protection in women with Hormone replacement therapy. There are conflicting evidence of LNG-IUS in the management of Fibroids uterus but it reduces fibroid related menstrual blood losses. It has also some beneficial effect in endometriosis and adenomyosis by reducing pain and blood loss. The LNG-IUS also reduces endometrial hyperplasia and may take place in the treatment of eartly endometrial cancer in some cases. The rate of ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory diseases are reduced in Mirena users compared with IUCD users.Keywords: Mirena; Intrauterine progestogens; Noncontraceptive; LNG-IUS DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6511J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 167-173
Non-Coronary Aortic Sinus Dilatation with Aortic Regurgitation in a Marfans Syndrome Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Siraj M , Rahman MH
Published: November 2010

Aneurysm of the coronary sinus is an uncommon clinical condition. It is rare to come across an uncomplicated aneurysm as it remains silent and most of the available literature describe treatment plan after a rupture has taken place. Our case a 41 year old female also had aortic regurgitation and was a Marfan Syndrome patient. We carried out a modified Bentall's procedure on an elective basis for this patient. It may be noted this is the first time such a surgical procedure has been carried out successfully in Bangladesh. Here we describe the rationale in deciding our treatment plan. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6513J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 183-188
Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mondol MBA , Siddiqui MMR , Wahab L , Hoque MA , Khan SU , Rahman KM , Mohammad QD
Published: November 2010

A young boy of 18 years was admitted at department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital with the complaints of progressive generalized hyper-pigmentation, gradual loss of vision, hearing impairment, abnormal behaviors and one episode of seizure. Examination finding revealed, abnormal behaviors, generalized hyper pigmentation of skin, oral mucosa, gum, tongue and palmer creases. He has diffuse hair loss, bilateral primary optic atrophy, bilateral sensoryneural deafness. All routine investigations revealed normal findings except, CSF protein were elevated, biochemical features (very high ACTH, low basal cortisol) of primary adrenal failure, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed bilateral symmetrical white matter abnormalities in parieto-occipital regions. The diagnosis of Adreno-leukodystrophy (ALD) was strongly suggested from the medical history, biochemical and radiological (MRI) findings of brain. The purpose of our report is to highlight this very rare nontreatable disease to all. A patient of neuropsychiatric symptoms with Addison's disease we must think about ALD, because it's progression can be delayed with early diagnosis and supportive treatments, it's incidence can be reduced by genetic counseling.Key words: Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD); Addison's disease; Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6514J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 189-192
Language in Nationalism: Modern Hebrew in the Zionist Project
Authors: Rabkin Yakov M.
Published: November 2010

This article examines the history of Israel's lingua franca as a constituent of the Zionist project. Based largely on recent scholarship, this work sheds light on the role of language in the educational and political efforts to create a New Hebrew Man who, in contradistinction to the European Jew, was to live ‘as a free man’ in his own land. Reflecting Jewish experience in the Russian Empire, these efforts alienated traditional, particularly non-Ashkenazi Jews. The article addresses the question of the uniqueness of the modern Israeli vernacular that contributes to the historical legitimacy of Zionism and the state of Israel.
The Contemporary Life of the Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States
Authors: Saad Saad Michael
Published: November 2010

The present state of the Coptic Orthodox Church in America could not have been imagined fifty years ago. As an integral part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt, the young archdiocese in America evolved from non-existence to a formidable 151 parishes, two monasteries, three seminaries and many benevolent, educational and media organisations. Waves of immigration from Egypt brought not only Copts, but also a wealth of Coptic art, music, architecture, literature and spirituality. These treasures are being preserved and promoted by the immigrants and the second generation; in the homes, churches and community centers; and also at American universities via programs of Coptic studies. This article covers the above topics and discusses a few of the challenges that come with immigration and assimilation, especially when the community desires to maintain the depth and versatility of an ancient religious culture.
Renewal in the Malankara Orthodox Church, India
Authors: Varghese Baby
Published: November 2010

The Malanakra Orthodox Syrian Church, which belongs to the family of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, proudly claims to be founded by the Apostle St Thomas. Its history before the fifteenth century is very poorly documented. However, this ancient Christian community was in intermittent relationship with the East Syrian Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, which was discontinued with the arrival of the Portuguese, who forcefully converted it to Roman Catholicism. After a union of fifty-five years, the St Thomas Christians were able to contact the Syrian Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, thanks to the arrival of the Dutch in Malabar and the expulsion of the Portuguese. The introduction of the West Syrian Liturgical rites was completed by the middle of the nineteenth century. The arrival of the Anglican Missionaries in Malabar in the beginning of the nineteenth century provided the Syrian Christians the opportunity for modern English education and thus to make significant contributions to the overall development of Kerala, one of the states of the Indian Republic.
Identification of Compounds in the Essential Oil of Nutmeg Seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) That Inhibit Locomotor Activity in Mice
Authors: Muchtaridi  , Subarnas Anas , Apriyantono Anton , Mustarichie Resmi
Published: November 2010

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) seed essential oil on the locomotor activity of mice in a wheel cage. Active compounds in the essential oil were identified by off-line solid phase extraction (SPE-C18) and GC/MS analysis. The essential oil was administered by inhalation at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mL/cage. The results showed that inhalation of nutmeg seed essential oil at a dose of 0.5 mL/cage decreased locomotion by 68.62%; and inhalation of 0.1 and 0.3 mL/cage inhibited locomotion by 62.81% and 65.33%, respectively. Generally, larger doses and longer administrations of nutmeg seed essential oil exhibited greater locomotor inhibition. Subsequently, the plasma concentrations of essential oil compounds were measured. The most concentrated compound in the plasma was myristicin. Half an hour after the addition of 1 mL/cage of nutmeg seed oil, the plasma concentration of myristicin was 3.7 mg/mL; one and two hours after the addition, the blood levels of myristicin were 5.2 mg/mL and 7.1 mg/mL, respectively. Other essential oil compounds identified in plasma were safrole (two-hour inhalation: 1.28 mg/mL), 4‑terpineol (half-hour inhalation: 1.49 mg/mL, one-hour inhalation: 2.95 mg/mL, two-hour inhalation: 6.28 mg/mL) and fatty esters. The concentrations of the essential oil compounds in the blood plasma were relatively low (mg/mL or ppm). In conclusion, the volatile compounds of nutmeg seed essential oil identified in the blood plasma may correlate with the locomotor-inhibiting properties of the oil when administered by inhalation.
The Serum Metabolite Response to Diet Intervention with Probiotic Acidified Milk in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Is Indistinguishable from that of Non-Probiotic Acidified Milk by 1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Analysis
Authors: Pedersen Simon M. M. , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Andersen Henrik J. , Olsson Johan , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena , Svensson Ulla , Malmendal Anders , Bertram Hanne C.
Published: November 2010

The effects of a probiotic acidified milk product on the blood serum metabolite profile of patients suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) compared to a non-probiotic acidified milk product was investigated using 1H NMR metabonomics. For eight weeks, IBS patients consumed 0.4 L per day of a probiotic fermented milk product or non-probiotic acidified milk. Both diets resulted in elevated levels of blood serum l-lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Our results showed identical effects of acidified milk consumption independent of probiotic addition. A similar result was previously obtained in a questionnaire-based evaluation of symptom relief. A specific probiotic effect is thus absent both in the patient subjective symptom evaluations and at the blood serum metabolite level. However, there was no correspondence between symptom relief and metabolite response on the patient level.
Hydraulic Geometry, GIS and Remote Sensing, Techniques against Rainfall-Runoff Models for Estimating Flood Magnitude in Ephemeral Fluvial Systems
Authors: Conesa-Garcia Carmelo , Caselles-Miralles Vicente , Sanchez Tomas Juan M. , Garcia-Lorenzo Rafael
Published: November 2010

This paper shows the combined use of remotely sensed data and hydraulic geometry methods as an alternative to rainfall-runoff models. Hydraulic geometric data and boolean images of water sheets obtained from satellite images after storm events were integrated in a Geographical Information System. Channel cross-sections were extracted from a high resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and superimposed on the image cover to estimate the peak flow using HEC-RAS. The proposed methodology has been tested in ephemeral channels (ramblas) on the coastal zone in south-eastern Spain. These fluvial systems constitute an important natural hazard due to their high discharges and sediment loads. In particular, different areas affected by floods during the period 1997 to 2009 were delimited through HEC-GeoRAs from hydraulic geometry data and Landsat images of these floods (Landsat‑TM5 and Landsat-ETM+7). Such an approach has been validated against rainfall-surface runoff models (SCS Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph, SCSD, Témez gamma HU Tγ and the Modified Rational method, MRM) comparing their results with flood hydrographs of the Automatic Hydrologic Information System (AHIS) in several ephemeral channels in the Murcia Region. The results obtained from the method providing a better fit were used to calculate different hydraulic geometry parameters, especially in residual flood areas.
Light-induced olefin metathesis
Authors: Vidavsky Yuval , Lemcoff N Gabriel
Published: November 2010

Light activation is a most desirable property for catalysis control. Among the many catalytic processes that may be activated by light, olefin metathesis stands out as both academically motivating and practically useful. Starting from early tungsten heterogeneous photoinitiated metathesis, up to modern ruthenium methods based on complex photoisomerisation or indirect photoactivation, this survey of the relevant literature summarises past and present developments in the use of light to expedite olefin ring-closing, ring-opening polymerisation and cross-metathesis reactions.
Optimization of biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1
Authors: Robert M. , Mercadé E. , Andrés C. , Espuny M. J. , Manresa M. A. , Guinea J.
Published: November 2010

This work describes the experimental results carried out on the optimization of the fermentation media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1 which produces surface active products when grown on glucose as carbon source. Several parameters of the media have been found to be critical for the production of biosurfactants by this strain. The C/N ratio, the iron concentration and the incubation temperature cause a high increase of the CMC-1 values as a measure of surfactant production.
Anisidine value as a measurement of the latent damage of fats
Authors: Grompone M. A.
Published: November 2010

Although the peroxide value is a common measurement of lipid oxidation, its use is limited to the initial stages of oxidation. Since peroxides are vulnerable to further decomposition, the complete oxidative history of the oil may not be revealed. The anisidine test a measure of secondary oxidation products, is considered useful in that it shows the past history of the oil.
Effects of accelerated storage test on the anisidine and peroxide values of commercially samples were studied. The results obtained indicate that the anisidine value is a good method to predict storage stability of fats.
Some processing steps in producing edible fats and oils were studied. Bleaching clay performs decomposition of oxidation products and this effect alone would reduce the peroxide value. Comparative studies were undertaken to determine the effects of bleaching on the anisidine value.
Analysis of damaged oils before and after deodorization showed that little reduction of anisidine value occurred.
Study of degradation of olive oils subjected to thermoxidation. Statistical determination the parameter that best quantifies the degradation
Authors: Ancin Azpilicueta M. C. , Martínez Remírez M. T.
Published: November 2010

On designing this experiment, besides estimating the initial homogeneity of the six oils, which have been studied, all the factors are controlled in a way that only one variable namely, thermoxidation affects the degradation.
After the corresponding statistical treatment of the results had been carried out, the conclusion reached was that polar fraction parameter results to been the most specific, besides being the one that best measures the alteration of the heated olive oils.
Absorption of thermoxidízed fats. I. Reproducibility and accuracy of the previous analytical techniques used for the evaluation of non-absorbed lipids
Authors: Márquez-Ruiz G , Pérez Camino M. C. , Ruiz-Gutiérrez V. , Dobarganes M. C.
Published: November 2010

Reproducibility of the techniques used for isolation and separation of non-absorbed lipids present in feces from rats fed with diets containing heated oils are defined.
Highly reproducible results have been found for total lipids, nonpolar fatty acid compositions. Results obtaines from extracted diets demonstrate both the absence of significant alteration and the complete extraction of the fat when compared to those obtained directly from the oils.
Non-absorbed lipids from diets containing thermoxidized oils are characterized by high proportions of unsaponifiable compounds and polar fatty acids.
Oil extraction from olive foot cake with acidic hexane
Authors: Kmieciak S. , Mecziane S. , Kadi H. , Moussaoui R.
Published: November 2010

The use of acidic hexane as a solvent increases the extracted oil yield from olive foot cake.
Two extraction procedures are studied: open air extraction at room temperature and Soxhlet exhaustive extraction.
The additional yield is about 5% for a 2.5% acetic acid content in case of open air extraction and turns out to be 9% for 7.5% acetic acid content in the Soxhlet procedure. An analysis of the extracted oil shows a light increase of the acidity of oil. The improved yield may be attributed to the action of acetic acid on the decomposition of intercellular structures and binding of some polar lipids. The phospholipids content of oil extracted with 7.5% acidic hexane is found to be 25 times more than with pure hexane.
Control of chlorophyllic and carotenoid pigments by HPLC in virgin olive oil
Authors: Gandul Rojas B. , Gallardo Guerrero L. , Garrido Fernández J. , Mínguez Mosquera M. I.
Published: November 2010

The use of solid phase extraction columns of octadecyl (C18) to get a fat free pigment extract in combination with reversed phase ion pair HPLC permits the separation of chlorophylls and its derivates, carotenoids, xantophylis and metalochlorophyllic complexes in a maximum period of one hour.
Cholesterol oxidation products: biological effects; formation, content and determination in food
Authors: Guardiola F. , Rafecas M. , Codony R. , Boatella J.
Published: November 2010

We make a bibliographical review on the main aspects related to the cholesterol oxidation products, including their biological effects, their presence and formation in food and their analytical determination.
Pickled fruits and vegetables
Authors: Fernández Díez M. J.
Published: November 2010

A review was made on the general principles in which the technology of pickled and fermented vegetable products is based, as well as a description of the industrial procedures which have reached a wider diffusion in international trade.
Fundamental lines to orient research on other vegetable products, which show a certain interest to spread the pickling industry, were defined, and their basic objectives were established: a) knowledge of the chemical composition of the raw material; b) study of the natural sequence of the microorganisms which are responsible for the process; c) selection of the suitable varieties of the product; and d) establishment of the optimum harvesting time.
Ripe olives. Comparative study of three procedures for the previous conservation of gordal (O. europaea regalis)
Authors: Durán Quintana M. C. , Brenes Balbuena M. , García García P. , Fernández González M. J. , Garrido Fernández A.
Published: November 2010

This paper shows the physico-chemical and microbiological results of the brines from three procedures of previous conservation of Gordal cultivar olives and its effects on the main quality attributes of the final product: colour and texture. Two of them have used low NaCl levels and initial pH correction to facilitate the growth of lactic bacteria. The other has consisted of a solution highly acidified with acetic.
In all procedures, a fermentation process has been found. During it the growth of lactic bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus (that has predominated in some cases) and yeats, which have coexisted with the previous mentioned microorganisms thought the whole conservation period, has been detected. The evolution of the physico-chemical characteristics has been different in the three processes, however they have not had any influence on the elaborated final product.
For industrial work, the aerobic system is recommended due to its CO2 purging action which could have a favorable effect on shriveling.
It would consist of putting the olives in a 6% NaCl brine, with the initial pH corrected with acetic to 4.00 units and bubbling air throughout the column at a rate of 0.3 l/h.l.c. during 8 h/day. The salt percentage should be raised to 8% once the lactic fermentation has finished.
Trans isomers contents of the fatty acids in meat products. (I) Sausages
Authors: Hernández N. , Codony R , Rafecas M. , Boatella J.
Published: November 2010

We have studied the trans isomers contents of the fatty acids fraction in several types of Spanish sausages, after a previous fat extraction and gas chromatography determination using CP Sil 88 coated capillary columns. The results obtained show a great variability: from 0,14 to 1,63% for C18:1 t and from 0,37 to 2,14% for the total trans fatty acids content.
Some physical and chemical constants from bee-collected pollen lipids
Authors: Muniategui S. , Sancho M. T. , Pérez S. , Huidobro F. , Simal J.
Published: November 2010

Refractive index, acid, saponification, ester, and iodine numbers were determinated in lipids from bee-collected pollen commercially purchased samples. Mean values are 1,4799 (1,4777-1,4825), 62 (48- 83), 142 (102-156), 80 (48-102) and 102 (108-134), respectively.
Shea butter
Authors: Ruiz Méndez M. V. , Huesa Lope J.
Published: November 2010

A bibliographical review of the extraction, composition properties and applications of shea butter is made.
Kinetics of the anaerobic purification of aerobically prebiotreated olive mill wastewater
Authors: Borja Padilla R. , Martín J. A. , Maestro Durán R. , Alba Mendoza J. , Fiestas de Ursinos J. A.
Published: November 2010

A kinetic study has been carried out on the process of anaerobic purification of an olive mill wastewater pre-treated aerobically to eliminate the greater part of the phenolic compounds responsible for inhibition.
Two anaerobic digesters were used, one with Pansil support, and the other a Reference without filling. The aim was to study the influence of the immobilization support both on the biokinetic constants and on the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process or biomethanization of this pre-treated olive mill wastewater.
In contrast to what takes place with natural olive mill wastewater, only a very small decrease in the apparent rate constants of the anaerobic process was observed on increasing load density. At the same time, no inhibition was found in the biomethanization of this aerobically pre-treated wastewater.
Glyceride structure and sterol composition of SOS-7 halophyte oil
Authors: El-Shami S. M.
Published: November 2010

Glyceride structure of SOS-7 halophyte oil was studied using the lipase hydrolysis technique. This halophyte sample was obtained from 1988 harvest planted in Ghardaka, on the border of the Red Sea, Egypt. The oilseed was ground and extracted for its oil using commercial hexane in Soxhlet extractor. The unsaturated fatty acids were found centralized in the 2-position of triglycerides, whereas oleic and linolenic acids showed more preference for this position. It was found that P3 was the major component of GS3, whereas P2L and PStL; PL2, POL and StL2 are predominating among GS2U and GSU3 respectively. L3 manifested itself as the principal constituent of GU3 type.
Sterol composition of the halophyte oil was determined by GLC as TMS derivative. It was found that the oil contains campsterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and 7-stigmasterol of which 7-stigmasterol is the major sterol and constitute 52.4%.
Monolayers of fatty acids. II. Stearic acid on aqueous solutions containing solutes with alcoholic functional groups
Authors: Rodríguez Pinto J. M. , De la Fuente Feria J. , Gómez Herrera C.
Published: November 2010

The structure and the stability of stearic acid monolayers spread on aqueous solutions with glycerol, glucose or sucrose are studied using a commercial film balance (Lauda). The experiments were carried out isothermically.
Monolayers exhibit structural polymorphism depending on temperature and subphase composition. The stability of the molecules on the subphase is a function of their structure. Generally, the most stable monolayers are those with more expanded structures.
Resistant starch: an indigestible fraction of foods
Authors: Saura Calixto F. , Abia R
Published: November 2010

Resistant starch (RS), the dietary starch that scape digestion in the small intestine, can yields up to 20% of the starch in cereal and legume products.
Several fractions contribute to the total RS of foods: retrograded amylose, starch inaccessible to digestive enzymes because of mechanical barriers, chemically modified starch fragments, undigested starch due to α-amylase inhibitors and starch complexed with other food components.
RS is formed in products processed following heat treatments (baking, extrusion, autoclaving, etc.).
RS produces significant fecal bulking and is partially fermentable by anaerobic bacteria of the colon. On the other hand, the relation of resistant starch with the glucose and insulin response in human subjects is an important nutritional effect.
RS analytical methods are reported.
Lipid metabolism in rats fed either butter or butter products as the fat source
Authors: Lalib S. , Sitohy M. , El-Massry R. , El-Saadany S.
Published: November 2010

Albino rats were administered four different fat sources; corn oil, butter, samn and morta combined with corn oil. The butter rat group exhibited the highest rates of serum cholesterol, total lipids and triglycerides but the lowest one of phospholipid. The heart, liver and spleen organs of this group showed a similar trend. Both liver and renal functions of this group were impaired. Both samn and morta rat groups were close to the control in the distribution of lipid fractions either in serum or organs and showed slight effects on liver and renal functions.
Adulteration of butterfat: validity of Reichert-Meissl, Polenske and iodine values
Authors: Youness N. A.
Published: November 2010

Buffaloe's milkfat was obtained during the winter and the summer seasons. The beef tallow (Heart fat) was purchased from the local market. Beef tallow was added to the summer milkfat in the ratios 5%, 10%, 15% and 50% w/w. Thin layer chromatography was applied to obtain the triglycerides fraction of each sample obtained. Gas chromatography was used to identify the fatty acid content of the winter, summer and the admixtures. Reichert-Meissl (RM), Polenske (P) and Iodine values were also determined for each sample. It was concluded that the (RM) of the winter and the summer milkfat were 25.52±0.511 and 28.74±0.568, respectively. The (P) and iodine values were 1.94±0.162, 2.53±0.146 and 42.1±0.85, 30.33±0.839 in the same respect. The addition of beef tallow to the milkfat in the ratios 5% and 10% did not affect the (RM) and (P) values of the resultant admixtures. The presence of 15% beef tallow in milkfat slightly affected the (RM), (P) and iodine values. The addition of 50% beef tallow to the milkfat got the values of (RM) and (P) out of the normal range. The iodine values was still within the normal range of milkfat. It was also observed that the addition of beef tallow in the ratios 5%, 10% and 15% to summer milkfat, improved the fatty acid pattern of the milk fat, while the 50% beef tallow in milkfat, decreased all the short chain fatty acids. The determination of the (RM), (P) and iodine values to detect the beef tallow as an adulterant in pure milkfat is not sufficient at 5% and 10% beef tallow in milkfat.
Biodegradation of phenolic compounds present in oil-mill wastewater
Authors: Maestro Durán R. , Borja Padilla R. , Martín Martín A. , Fiestas de Ursinos J. A. , Alba Mendoza J.
Published: November 2010

Oil-mill wastewater is the main responsible of the pollution in Andalusian due to high content of organic substances. Its depuration by methanization is difficult because of the antimicrobial activity of phenolic derivatives. These compounds can be drastically reduced by a previous aerobic treatment of the oil mill wastewater with specific microorganisms. After this pretreatment, anaerobic depuration takes place without inhibition, the velocity of the reaction being 5 times higher than before the pretreatment.
In this paper a qualitative study of the phenols present in oil-mill wastewater by thin layer chromatography has been done.
Beside that, quantitative determination of total phenols, ortoand meta-diphenols as well as Chemical Oxigen Demand (COD) before the treatment, after the pretreatment and after biomethanization have been carried out.
Finally, leucoanthocyanins that could originate polymerized phenols have not been found.
Quantitative determination of fatty esters of 3-phenylamine- 1,2-propanediol by absorption spectrophotometry
Authors: Gómez Gómez R. , Vázquez Roncero A.
Published: November 2010

An analytical method for quantitative determination of fatty ester of 3-phenylamine-1,2-propanediol has been developed. The procedure is based on the spectrophotometric determination of coloured compounds formed by reaction of acylderivatives with p-DMACA. Monoacylderlvative is quantified at 500 nm and diacylderivative at 510 nm, with range of ±0,031 and ±0,020 absorbance units, respectively.
The essential application of this method is to obtain the yield of synthesis reaction of acylderivatives of 3-phenylamine- 1,2-propanediol. However, an isolation of every one products by thin layer chromatography is necessary before analytical technical application. Moreover, this procedure supply a way for analysis of similar structure compounds.
Deacidification by distillation using nitrogen as stripper. Possible application to the refining of edible fats
Authors: Graciani Constante E. , Rodríguez Berbel F. , Paredes Torronteras A. , Huesa Lope J.
Published: November 2010

The possibility of substituting direct steam by nitrogen as stripper in the deodorizing or neutralizing distillation of oils and fats has been the subject of research in recent years. Although this is a practical possibility, it implies a greater cost due to the higher price of nitrogen, and the need to adapt the technology in order to maintain the deodorizer head pressure (as nitrogen does not condensate). These disadvantages would be compensated by a better quality of the oils and condensates, and a decrease in pollution.
The tests carried out indicate that the efficiency calculated in each of the operations is within the theoretical values, and that using from 1 to 1.5 times the theoretical amount of nitrogen, the refined oils are graded physically as good and very good by an expert. The condensates obtained have been of good quality.
Peroxidases and the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid to ethylene
Authors: Vioque B. , Fernández-Maculet J. C.
Published: November 2010

In this paper the role of peroxidases in the last step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid, is discussed.
Cholesterol metabolism, its regulation at the hepatic and intestinal level
Authors: Molina M. T. , Vázquez C. M. , Ruiz Gutiérrez V.
Published: November 2010

Although all the cells in the body are able to form cholesterol, most part of this synthesis, leading to which is called endogenous cholesterol, occurs in the liver. Hepatocytes can also obtain cholesterol from the plasma lipoproteins. At the same time, cholesterol is either secreted from the liver in new plasma lipoproteins or transformed in bile acids. The extrahepatic cholesterol is mainly produced in the intestinal mucosa. In the site, it takes place the absorption of cholesterol from the diet (exogenous cholesterol), along with the biosynthesis of new cholesterol and the esterification of the molecule to be stored in the cell or secreted as plasma lipoproteins.
At the cellular level, the importance of cholesterol comes from the fact that many of the membranous structures of all cells are partially composed of these substance.
In this article some of these aspects of the cholesterol metabolism are reviewed. We also describe the influence of lipid composition of microsomal membranes on the activity of cholesterol metabolism regulating enzymes.
Physical and chemical properties of fractionated and interesterified beef tallows
Authors: Grompone M. A.
Published: November 2010

Fatty acid composition and physical properties (melting point, solid fat index, titer) of the fractions obtained from the Uruguayan beef tallow by industrial dry cooling process were determined. Products obtained on the laboratory by transesterification of these fractions and interesterification of them with sunflower oil were also studied.
With these results it is better understanding their behaviour and potential end-use applications. The selection among different products with similar physicochemical properties depends not only upon economical factors (raw material cost, operation costs, etc.) but technical (stability to rancidity, etc.) as well.
Definite influence of the extraction methods on the chemical composition of virgin olive oil
Authors: Aparicio R. , Sánchez Navarro M. , Ferreiro M. S.
Published: November 2010

The extraction methods of virgin olive oil affect the quantification values of some chemical compounds. Statistical tests and procedures have been applied to a set of 142 samples collected from all over Andalusia and characterized by 55 chemical compounds. It has been estimated that two aliphatic alcohols, one sterol and one fatty acid have the best significance levels identifying the extraction methodology (pressure, centrifugation).
Stepwise Lineal Discriminant procedure has been used to characterize olive oils by the extraction systems. 205 samples from other provinces, varieties or harvests were used to verify these decision equations.
Influence of substrate concentration on the kinetics of olive mill wastewater biomethanation in fluid bed bioreactors using immobilized microorganisms
Authors: Borja Padilla R. , Martín Martín A. , Fiestas de Ursinos J. A.
Published: November 2010

A kinetic study has been made of the anaerobic olive mill wastewater fermentation process in fluid bed bioreactors containing clay supports in suspension, on which the microorganisms responsible for the process have been immobilized.
Four concentrations of wastewater have been used (10%, 20%, 40% and 80%) to study the influence of the substrate concentration, and at the same time, of the immobilization support, on the biokinetic constants of the continuous process.
The Chen-Hashimoto model of methane production has been applied, obtaining the values of the kinetic parameters μmax and K for each case studied.
The values of these parameters decreased considerably with increasing concentration of influent wastewater, though this decrease varied depending on the support used.
Deduction and study of the general equation that determines the quantity of non-eluted materials by gas chromatography. Analysis of abused oils
Authors: Castellón Arnau A.
Published: November 2010

The general equation that determines the quantity of noneluted materials in a chromatographic separation is deduced. This equation permits the calculation of these materials when the internal standard is not pure and when interfering substances of the oil are chromatographied with it. The obtained equation is applied in the quantification of the thermal-oxidative degradation products present in heated oils. The theoretical standard deviation of the values of the non-eluted materials is also calculated.
The experimental study shows that there is a positive bias of the non-eluted materials if one does not consider the presence of interfering materials.
Aerobic purification of condensed water from thermal concentration process of olive mill wastewater
Authors: Borja Padilla R. , Fiestas de Ursinos J. A. , Durán Barrantes María M. , Luque González M.
Published: November 2010

A study of aerobic treatment in batch regime of condensed water from thermal concentration process of olive mill wastewater was carried out.
An 80% of wastewater organic substances was removal after the third day of fermentation.
The substrate removal rate follows a zero-order kinetic for high concentrations, and a first-order kinetic for low organic matter concentration, during the last days of fermentation.
The kinetic parameters (qmax and Ks) were obtain by Michaelis- Menten model.
Studies on the effect of vanillin (food additive) on some metabolic reactions of the experimental animals
Authors: El-Massry R. A. , Labib S. M. , Sitohy M. Z. , El-Saadany S. S.
Published: November 2010

Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) was administrated to hypercholesterolemic albino rats at low and high doses (1.0 and 2.0%, respectively) for nine weeks period. Lipid pattern, as well as liver and kidneys functions were determined in normal, hypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats administrated vanillin. Hypercholesterolemia was characterized by significant increase in the average levels of total lipids, total cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant decrease in phospholipids content. Also, liver function (S.GOT, S.GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase) as well as kidneys function were elevated compared to control group. Administration of vanillin significantly reduced liver and kidneys total lipids. Spleen and heart followed nearly the same trend but with moderate effect, while brain was not affected. Liver, kidneys, spleen and heart total cholesterol was significantly reduced while brain total cholesterol was not affected. Triglycerides were significantly decreased in liver and spleen, while that of kidneys and brain was not affected. Also, there was a significant decrease in the high activity of S.GOT, S.GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase and the values were nearly attained to the initial level. Administration of vanillin exertes potent anabolic effects for protein metabolism as shown from the results of uric acid and creatinine.
Fatty acid composition of pea (Pisum sativum L., var. Citrina) during seed growth
Authors: Murcia M. A. , Rincón F.
Published: November 2010

Crude oil content and fatty acid composition of four sizes of raw and canned pea were determined. In the seed growth period, considered (from 4.7 mm to 10.2 mm of diameter), crude oil content was not modified and its level showed a mean value of 2.52% on a dry weight basis. Generally, in raw pea the following fatty acid composition was obtained C18:2 > C18:1 > C16:0 > C18:3 > C18:0; however, during seed growth C18:2 increased and C18:3 decreased. These variations are discussed in relation to environmental temperature and cotyledon/testa ratio modifications during seed growth. A low oil content, which remains constant during seed growth, and a lower linolenic acid content in fine (FN) size showed that when Citrina variety is used for processing, peas should be harvested when a FN size are predominant in crop. During canning, crude oil content is not modified in any size, but some differences in fatty acid composition occur between raw and canned peas because, in general, the degree of saturation decreases during canning.
Purification of soybean lecithin. 1-Equipment and operating conditions selection. 2-Equilibrium diagrams
Authors: Maroto B. , Madoery R. , Camusso C.
Published: November 2010

In this work we describe the choice of the best operating conditions to produce pure powder soybean lecithin, extracting with acetone, in a bench scale.
The equipment was designed in order to obtain adequate impeller and turbine systems response because there is significant viscosity variations between batches, and the extraction process was difficult.
By operating in these conditions, we have obtained the equilibrium values for the phospholipids/oil/acetone mixture.
The results showed that there are a phospholipids/oil interaction and this might be by solute absorption or because the solute is soluble in the solid and it is no reparting by equal between the equilibrium liquid and solid phases.
Avocado oil extraction: An industrial experiment
Authors: Martínez Nieto L. , Barranco Barranco R. , Moreno María V.
Published: November 2010

The results of an industrial experiment to obtain avocado oil by continuous process similar to that for obtaining olive oil are analyzed. Possible ways of improving the method and thus the yield are pointed out.
Microbiological treatment of oil mill waste waters
Authors: Ranalli A.
Published: November 2010

Experiments of the biological treatment of the oil mill waste waters, deriving from continuous system, have been carried out with selected mutant ferments, adapted to rather forced toxic conditions.
The commercial microbio formulations SNKD, LLMO and PSBIO have been utilized; the last two are liquid suspensions, constituted by living micro-organisms that, in contrast to those frozen or lyophilized, do not need be revitalized before their use and became completely active in short time.
The experiments with the SNKD biological preparation were carried out both on filtered oil mill outflows (type A) with an initial COD of approximately 43 g/l and on waste water dephenolized by Caro-acid (type B) with a COD equal to 30 g/l. The experiments with LLMO and PSBIO complexes were conduced both on oil mill outflows filtered and diluted (ratio 1:0.5) with an initial COD equal to 44 g/l (type C), and on waste water that were filtered and preventatively subjected to a cryogenic treatment (type D), with an initial COD of approximately 22 g/l.
The residual COD with the microbio formulation SNKD, was about 15 g/l (type A) and 5 g/l (type B); with the PSBIO It was about 7 g/l (type C) and 1.5 g/l (type D); with the microbio formulation LLMO it resulted in 6 g/l (type C) and 1.3 g/l (type D).