bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases among the Middle aged and the Elderly
Authors: Omer Naglaa Mohammed Ahmed Abdelrahim , Yousuf Wafaa , Mansouri Noof
Published: February 2021

Aim: To define the best practice guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in middle age individuals as well as the elderly. Study design and Methodology: Narrative review study for RCT, clinical trials and systematic review studies published in English language from 2003-2018; in middle age individuals as well as the elderly. Search was conducted in Pubmed and Google Chrome. Terms used for searching were (best practice guidelines) and (primary prevention of cardio-vascular disease). Results: The total number of study search items was 2020 studies and after filtering them, the matching studies were 70: 38 studies were excluded whereas 32 studies were included. Six studies were about statins therapy in primary prevention of CVD in the elderly. Five studies were about statin benefits for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in middle age individuals. Nine studies were about non-statin therapy. Five studies were about blood pressure control and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Seven studies were about aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Conclusion: Statins are beneficial for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in middle age individuals as well as the elderly who had dyslipidemia or were diabetic aged 40-75 years, or 10-years CVD risk =>7.5% according to AHA/ACC, or =>10% in accordance with the guidelines for both NICE and USPSTF. There is no definite evidence for non-statin therapy benefit for primary prevention of CVD but it can be used in hypercholesterolemia patients or high CVD risk patients who do not tolerate statins or have not responded to the maximum dose of statins. There was no evidence for aspirin benefit in primary prevention of CVD in diabetics. Immediate blood pressure control is important in the primary prevention of CVD in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, middle aged, elderly
Management of depression in primary care - A cross-sectional study in the North-East of England, UK
Authors: Hegde Reshma , Gunputh Prinul , Sinha Baxi
Published: February 2021

Background: Depression is a common and serious disorder that impairs quality of life. Since general practitioners (GP) are considered gatekeepers to secondary care, the choice of interventions offered in primary care can have a significant impact not only on patients’ quality of life, but also on health service demands. Objective: To evaluate the confidence of GPs in diagnosing and managing depression; and, to assess the factors influencing their strategy in treating depression. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among GPs working in the North-East of England, UK. The survey questionnaire consisted of mostly close-ended questions with some allowing for free-text comments (see Appendix 1). The responses obtained were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Among the total of 63 respondents, most GPs were comfortable diagnosing depression. Most would consider combining talking therapies with antidepressants (68.3%) at presentation, followed by referral to talking therapies alone (41.2%). In only 14.3% of cases would antidepressant therapy alone be considered. For those patients non-responsive to initial treatment, 25.4% considered offering a different antidepressant or adjunct medication (such as a sedative, anxiolytic, or beta-blocker), and another 25.4% of GPs considered a combination with another antidepressant. 46.0% of participants were not comfortable prescribing dual antidepressants due to concerns about side effects, lack of experience, paucity of guidelines, and lack of timely access and guidance from the local mental team. Nearly all (98.4%) GP participants would agree to prescribe dual antidepressants on advice of the mental health team with telephone advice being the preferred means of communication in 65.1% of cases. Conclusion: The results of this study can help to develop closer co-operation between primary and secondary care by not only upskilling GPs through various means (educational events, training posts, etc.), but by also creating better communication channels at the interface between those two services. Key words: antidepressants, combination therapy, depression, primary care, primary-secondary care interface
Análise da Mobilidade em Redes Veiculares Usando Diferentes Tipos de Grafos
Authors: Diniz Gabriel Ribeiro , Da Cunha Felipe Domingos , Loureiro Antonio Alfredo Ferreira
Published: February 2021

As redes veiculares são um sistema de comunicação entre veículos que permite a interação e troca de informações destes automóveis. Uma das dificuldades enfrentadas por essas aplicações é a comunicação, pela mudança frequente na topologia da rede. Por este motivo, diversos estudos têm sido feitos com o intuito de entender o trânsito e, consequentemente, as aplicações que visam aprimorar a experiência dos motoristas e passageiros no tráfego. Na literatura, a modelagem da mobilidade veicular é frequentemente feita usando um grafo instantâneo, agregado ou temporal. Este trabalho compara o impacto dessas três abordagens nas análises das redes veiculares, além de discutir as vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma. O objetivo é entender como os resultados podem variar dependendo do modelo utilizado.
Preprocessing Profiling Model for Visual Analytics
Authors: Milani Alessandra Maciel Paz , Paulovich Fernando V. , Manssour Isabel Harb
Published: February 2021

Analyzing and managing raw data are still a challenging part of the data analysis process, mainly regarding data preprocessing. Although we can find studies proposing design implications or recommendations for visualization solutions in the data analysis scope, they do not focus on challenges during the preprocessing phase. Likewise, the current Visual Analytics processes do not consider preprocessing an equally important stage in their process. Thus, with this study, we aim to contribute to the discussion of how we can use and combine methods of visualization and data mining to assist data analysts during the preprocessing activities. To achieve that, we introduce the Preprocessing Profiling Model for Visual Analytics, which contemplates a set of features to inspire the implementation of new solutions. In turn, these features were designed considering a list of insights we obtained during an interview study with thirteen data analysts. Our contributions can be summarized as offering resources to promote a shift to a visual preprocessing.
NAO-Read: Empowering the Humanoid Robot NAO to Recognize Texts in Objects in Natural Scenes
Authors: Da Silva Diego Alves , Soares Aline Geovanna , Lundgren Antonio , Lima Estanislau , Bezerra Byron Leite Dantas
Published: February 2021

Robotics is a field of research that has undergone several changes in recent years. Currently, robot applications are commonly used for many applications, such as pump deactivation, mobile robotic manipulation, etc. However, most robots today are programmed to follow a predefined path. This is sufficient when the robot is working in a settled environment. Nonetheless, for many tasks, autonomous robots are needed. In this way, NAO humanoid robots constitute the new active research platform within the robotics community. In this article, we present a vision system that connects to the NAO robot, allowing robots to detect and recognize the visible text present in objects in images of natural scenes and use that knowledge to interpret the content of a given scene. The proposed vision system is based on deep learning methods and was designed to be used by NAO robots and consists of five stages: 1) capturing the image; 2) after capturing the image, the YOLOv3 algorithm is used for object detection and classification; 3) selection of the objects of interest; 4) text detection and recognition stage, based on the OctShuffleMLT approach; and 5) synthesis of the text. The choice of these models was due to the better results obtained in the COCO databases, in the list of objects, and in the ICDAR 2015, in the text list, these bases are very similar to those found with the NAO robot. Experimental results show that the rate of detecting and recognizing text from the images obtained through the NAO robot camera in the wild are similar to those presented in models pre-trained with natural scenes databases.
Uma abordagem neural na identificação de objetos em imagens para auxilio na manutencão de rede elétrica
Authors: Olivo Regis Yuri , Filho Pedro Luiz De Paula , Candido Junior Arnaldo
Published: February 2021

Problemas causados pelas redes de distribuicão de energia elétrica podem gerar grandes prejuízos a empresas e pessoas, com perdas de matéria prima, danos em equipamentos ou até descarga elétrica podendo levar um individuo à óbito. Com o objetivo de ajudar nas inspeções para manutenção desses componentes que são feitas manualmente, este projeto propõem uma abordagem neural na identificacão de objetos em imagens capturadas por drones para auxiliar na manutenção das redes elétrica. Para tanto, foi feito o treinamento de uma rede neural artificial (RNA) Darknet-53 do YOLOv3 no framework Tensorflow, permitindo a classificação e detecção, em tempo real, de componentes presentes nas redes de distribuição de energia. Foram definidas sete classes de objetos, e obteve-se 84,16% de precisão de variação média (mAP).
COINTER: Aplicativo para Reconhecimento e Segmentação de Imagens de Moedas
Authors: Monteiro Rickson G. , Pires Ana Luísa G. , Costa Gabriella C. B. , Oliveira Luan S. , De Azevedo Tatiana B.
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma solução para facilitar o turista brasileiro na identificação e cálculo do valor de moedas em dólar, já que estas não apresentam seus respectivos valores através de algarismos arábicos retratados nelas. Para este fim, foi desenvolvido um aplicativo multiplataforma capaz de fotografar essas moeda e, através da rede neural MobileNetV2, fazer a análise das mesmas determinando seus valores, retornando ao usuário o valor total das moedas que foram fotografadas. Os testes iniciais feitos utilizando esse aplicativo demonstram que a rede neural utilizada, quando aplicada em situações reais, apresenta uma taxa de acurácia de 97,65%.
Der Mangel an ökonomischem und sozialem Upgrading in der Elektronik- und Bekleidungsindustrie in Vietnam. Risiken systematischer Barrieren
Authors: Chi Do Quynh
Published: February 2021

Unter Bezugnahme auf die Forschung zu globalen Wertschöpfungsketten (GWK) und Industriepolitik diskutiert dieser Beitrag das mangelnde ökonomische und soziale Upgrading in der Bekleidungs- und Elektronikindustrie Vietnams. Der Schwerpunkt der Analyse liegt zum einen auf der exportorientierten Politik des Landes, die sich auf die verarbeitende Industrie und ausländische Direktinvestitionen konzentriert, zum anderen auf den Institutionen der Arbeitsbeziehungen (einschließlich des Gewerkschaftssystems), die seit den Zeiten der Zentralplanwirtschaft weitgehend unverändert geblieben sind. Die untersuchten Branchen in Vietnam sind aufgrund der Strategie und Einkaufspraktiken der Lead-Unternehmen in GWK nach wie vor in den Bereichen mit sehr niedriger Wertschöpfung angesiedelt. Darüber hinaus hat die diskriminierende Wirtschaftspolitik Vietnams gegenüber dem inländischen Privatsektor dessen Fähigkeit zum Upgrading eingeschränkt. Um den komparativen Vorteil der niedrigen Lohnkosten aufrechtzuerhalten, muss die Regierung die grundlegenden Arbeitsrechte der Beschäftigten weiterhin einschränken und bei Verstößen gegen Arbeitsstandards Nachsicht walten lassen. Dies hat sich zu einem Teufelskreis entwickelt, der tief in die Industrialisierungsstrategie Vietnams eingebettet ist.
Initialzündung oder Katalysator einer wettbewerbsorientierten Verkehrspolitik? Die Untätigkeitsklage und Verurteilung des Rats durch den EuGH im Mai 1985
Authors: HENRICH-FRANKE Christian
Published: February 2021

The European Court of Justice condemned the EC-Council (of transport ministers) in an unprecedented process for inaction in the realisation of a common transport policy on 22nd May 1985. The Court confirmed the plaintiff’s (the European Parliament) statement of claim that the Council hadn’t met his obligation to enact a competition order, to provide freedom services in crossborder transportation and to regulate access to domestic transport markets. This contribution analyses the Court’s verdict within the context of the EC transport policy in the 1980s. This also sheds new light on the realisation of the EC internal market, especially regarding sectors like infrastructures which define fundamental conditions for market operations within the EC.
Grundlagen des Rechts
Authors: Krüper Julian
Published: February 2021

Juristische Grundlagenfächer wie die Rechtsgeschichte, die Rechtsphilosophie oder die Rechtssoziologie führen in der juristischen Ausbildung ein Schattendasein. Ziel des Werkes ist es deshalb, Einblicke in die Grundlagen des Rechts zu geben und gleichzeitig Problemstellungen der jeweiligen Disziplin beispielhaft zu thematisieren, was eine praktische Anschauung gewährleistet und gleichzeitig Anreize setzt, die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in weiterführender Literatur zu vertiefen. In die 4. Auflage neu mit aufgenommen wurde ein Kapitel zur Verfassungstheorie. Die Beiträge wurden gründlich überarbeitet.
Die Autoren
Prof. Dr. Susanne Augenhofer, LL.M., Universität Innsbruck | Prof. Dr. Andreas Funke, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Prof. Dr. Katrin Gierhake, LL.M., Universität Regensburg | Prof. Dr. Albert Ingold, Universität Mainz | Prof. Dr. Julian Krüper, Universität Bochum | Prof. Dr. Michael Lindemann, Universität Bielefeld | Prof. Dr. Bettina Noltenius, Universität Passau | Prof. Dr. Mehrdad Payandeh, LL.M., Bucerius Law School, Hamburg | Prof. Dr. Giesela Rühl, LL.M., Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin | Dr. Sebastian Roßner, M.A., Düsseldorf | Prof. Dr. Heiko Sauer, Universität Bonn | LRDir Dr. Stephan Schuster-Oppenheim, Bonn | Ass. Prof. Dr. Peter Stegmaier, Universiteit Twente | Prof. Dr. Dr. Markus Thiel, Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, Münster
The Christian Body at Work
Authors: Brügger Tobias
Published: February 2021

A large part of the global workforce is said to be Christians, but what does it mean to be a Christian at work? This study offers a review of relevant research from management and organisation studies as well as from theology; it reports on fieldwork among business managers in Switzerland and proposes an embodiment perspective on Christians at work. The author identifies difficulties relating to the predominant uses of terms such as faith, spirituality and religion at work, and argues for the importance of taking Christians’ framing practices and bodily forms of existence into account. By participating in a bodily form in Christ’s death and resurrection, and by thus practising Christ’s body, Christians find themselves located at an existential nerve centre for carrying out work activities. This study shows how the notion of ‘Christians’ can open up conceptual space for relevant organisational, managerial, sociological, ethical and theological aspects concerning contemporary work settings.
Rechtsnatur der aktienrechtlichen Gründerhaftung
Authors: Christensen Anna-Katharina
Published: February 2021

A problem that has so far remained unsolved in stock corporation law is the question of the legal nature of the founder´s liability under § 46 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), with which the work deals. First of all, the views on the classification of the forunder´s liability as tortious or corporate character are discussed. Subsequently, the author explains that the founder´s liability under stock corporation law is a sui generis liability in the sense of a risk compensation liability, which secures a proper founding process of the stock corporation as (institutional) compensation for the abstract risk associated with the creation of a stock corporation and its release into legal transactions.
Performance Indicators of Cervical Cancer Screening Program Based on The Guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Authors: Izadi Sarreyeh , Shakerian Sareh
Published: February 2021

Background: Systematic application of a cervical cancer screening program reduces the socioeconomic burden of the disease. Evaluation of screening programs using performance indicator sets and applying cultural, economic, and social considerations minimize the negative impacts of screening and maximize its benefits. Objectives: The present study aimed at developing and evaluating performance indicators of a cervical cancer screening program based on the guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education to identify shortcomings and improve national programs. Methods: A total of 839 out of 2504 care checklists for middle-aged women in Rasht, Iran, from 2014 to 2018 were studied. Indicators were evaluated based on the guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education on care for middle-aged individuals in 6 areas of screening intensity, screening the program performance, the participation of individuals, compliance of the implementation with guidelines, etc. Results: The eligible women coverage index was 34%. The index of participation in the first run Pap test was 45.53% in 2014. The study findings showed that with the implementation of the plan on participants, the test rate increased by 39.1%. The indices of identification of high-risk individuals based on medical histories, identification of abnormal Pap smears, and participation continuity in the program were 54.84, 33.73%, respectively and 1.32% in 2015, which decreased to < 1% in 2016. The compliance rate with the guidelines was 64.94%, and the performance recording index was 22.40%. Conclusions: Due to the low coverage rate and other performance indicators, especially the low continuity index, the attention of policy-makers and program managers should be drawn to potential shortcomings of screening programs, such as active implementation, in order to promote women’s health status.
FENOMENOLOGÍA DE LA IMAGEN DE NIETZSCHE A HUSSERL HASTA LOS INICIOS DEL PSICOANÁLISIS
Authors: Fernández González Jorge
Published: February 2021

En el siguiente artículo analizamos las diferentes aportaciones que, desde Nietzsche y Husserl hasta los estudios de Freud, han servido para trazar una genealogía de la imagen. Ello nos permitirá examinar cuáles han sido los enfoques que se han ocupado de la imagen, los puntos de conexión entre diferentes teorías y los conflictos epistemológicos de cada posicionamiento.In the following paper we analyze the different contributions that, from Nietzsche and Husserl to Freud’s studies, have served to trace a genealogy of image. This will allow us to examine what were the approaches that have dealt with the image, the connection points between different theories and epistemological conflicts of each position.
RUBÉN SÁNCHEZ MUÑOZ Y SANDRA GARCÍA PÉREZ (COORD.) MEDITACIONES SOBRE LA FILOSOFÍA DE ORTEGA, MÉXICO, UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA/TORRES ASOCIADOS, 2016, 153 PP. AUTOPRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Rubén , García Pérez Sandra
Published: February 2021

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UNA LECTURA PERSPECTIVISTA DE LA NEUROFENOMENOLOGÍA: FRANCISCO VARELA Y RONALD GIERE
Authors: Mejía Fernández Ricardo
Published: February 2021

El autor realiza una lectura en clave perspectivista de la neurofenomenología, enfoque transdisciplinar y metodológico iniciado a mediados de los 90 por el neurobiólogo Francisco J. Varela desde el ámbito experimental de las ciencias de la mente. La originalidad del artículo reside en que estudia comparativamente el problemático entrecruce de la neurofenomenología de Varela con el perspectivismo científico de Ronald N. Giere, mostrándonos que la neurofenomenología no sólo lo antecedió cronológicamente, sino que fue mucho más radical al tener en cuenta la la dimensión fenomenológica y trascendental de la experiencia vivida humana y al aplicarla en los protocolos de las neurociencias cognitivas.The author makes a perspectivist reading of neurophenomenology, a transdisciplinary and methodological approach pioneered in the 90’s by the neurobiologist Francisco J. Varela, who worked in the experimental field of the science of mind. The originality of the article consists in studying with a comparative method the problematic intertwine of Varela’s neurophenomenology and the scientific perspectivism recently defended by Ronald N. Giere. In this way, the autor shows how neurophenomenology notonly came before Giere’s proposal but also how it was more radical in considering the phenomenological and transcendental human dimension and in trying an implementation in cognitive neuroscience protocols.
Bonnie MANN y Martina FERRARI (Eds.): “On ne naît pas femme: on le devient”. The life of a Sentence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017, 354 pp.
Authors: Bąk Agata Joanna
Published: February 2021

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MERLEAU-PONTY: INSTITUCIÓN Y EDIPO
Authors: Mariscal Cintia Lucila
Published: February 2021

En el curso dictado en Collège de France sobre la institución y la pasividad, Merleau-Ponty le otorgó una importancia particular a las problemáticas freudianas. La sexualidad y muy especialmente el Complejo de Edipo, es presentado como ejemplo de la institución humana en un doble sentido: en cuanto clase de institución que se diferencia de la institución vital y como una institución antropomórfica. Sus momentos –sexualidad prepuberal, periodo de latencia, pubertad– ejemplifican la estructura de toda institución: la anticipación, el desvío y la reanudación y ponen de manifiesto su temporalidad propia. En vistas a la importancia del Complejo de Edipo en la arquitectura general del curso, el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo reponer la interpretación realizada por Merleau-Ponty a los efectos de comprender la especificidad de la institución humana. De este modo, se pretende realizar una aproximación al vínculo entre temporalidad e institución tal como Merleau-Ponty lo considera en el curso en cuestión.In the course dictated in Collège de France on the institution and the passiveness, Merleau-Ponty granted a particular importance to the Freudian problematics. The sexuality and very specially the Complex of Oedipus, is presented as example of the human institution in a double meaning: regarding a type of institution that differs from the vital institution and as an anthropomorphic institution. Its moments – prepuberal sexuality, period of latency, puberty –exemplify the structure of any institution: the anticipation, the detour and the resumption and they reveal his own temporality. In conference to the importance of the Complex of Oedipus in the general architecture of the course, the present work has for aim re-put the  interpretation realized by Merleau-Ponty to the effects of understanding the specificity of the human institution. Thus, one tries to realize an approximation to the link between temporality and institution as Merleau-Ponty considers it in the course in question.
DEL MOVIMIENTO DEL CUERPO AL MOVIMIENTO DE LA HISTORIA: SENSIBILIDAD AFECTIVA, SENTIDO Y MUNDO DE LA VIDA EN LA FENOMENOLOGÍA DE LUDWIG LANDGREBE
Authors: Quepons Ignacio
Published: February 2021

El artículo explora las nociones de afectividad, movimiento corporal y mundo de la vida en el pensamiento filosófico de Ludwig Landgrebe. El objetivo es mostrar cómo la unidad del proyecto fenomenológico de Landgrebe descansa en el entrelazamiento de las diferentes dimensiones de la afectividad corporal con el origen de la intencio-nalidad y la formación del sentido del mundo de la vida. Después de mostrar la unidad entre el carácter proyectivo de la vida afectiva y el movimiento corporal, así como su relación con el devenir his-tórico, se destaca la importancia del pensamiento de Landgrebe en las tareas actuales de la investigación fenomenológica.The paper explores the unity of Ludwig Landgrebe´s philosophical thought departing from the intertwining between the notions of affectivity, bodily movement and lifeworld. The aim is to present a unitary vision of Landgrebe´s legacy and his way in phenomenology, taking in consideration his emphasis on the affective dimension of factual singularity. After pointing out the intertwining between the intentional orientation of affective life and bodily movement, in regard to the historical development, the paper ends stressing the systematic articulation importance of Landgrebe´s thought in the current tasks of phenomenological research.
Listening to and Understanding Students’ Algorithms
Authors: Krause Gladys , Maldonado Rodríguez Luz A. , Adams-Corral Melissa
Published: February 2021

Pause before responding—the “wrong way" to add might just be right.
Series Explores New, Enduring Questions
Authors: Meyer Dan
Published: February 2021

Ear to the Ground features voices from various corners of the mathematics education world.
Potencial de produtividade da mandioca em função da época de plantio em ambiente subtropical
Authors: Borges Josias Moreira , Zanon Alencar Junior , Silva Michel Rocha da , Balest Darlan Scapini , Alves Alexandre Ferigolo , Freitas Charles Patrick de Oliveira de , Both Vanderlei , Santos Amanda Thirza Lima
Published: February 2021

Estudos de potencial e lacuna de produtividade são de extrema importância a nível mundial, para identificar e diminuir as lacunas de produtividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o potencial produtivo através do modelo Simanihot e quantificar a lacuna de produtividade na cultura da mandioca para dois locais do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados para as simulações os municípios de Santa Maria (cultivo anual) e São Luiz Gonzaga (cultivo anual e bianual). As datas de plantio foram definidas desde primeiro de agosto de 2017 até primeiro de maio de 2018. O melhor potencial de produtividade encontrado para a cultura da mandioca neste estudo foi 64,6 Mg ha–1, 50,2 Mg ha–1 de raízes e 47,3 Mg ha-1, 38,9 Mg ha-1 de parte aérea, respectivamente para São Luiz Gonzaga e para Santa Maria. Os plantios a partir do zoneamento de risco climático, apresentam uma lacuna de 0,364 Mg ha-1 em São Luiz Gonzaga e 0,282 Mg ha-1 em Santa Maria a cada dia de atraso. Estes resultados apontam que a antecipação do plantio para o primeiro decêndio de agosto expressa as maiores produtividades e diminuem as lacunas para ambos os locais.
Retração do solo e relação com as propriedades físicas e matéria orgânica de Latossolos e Nitossolos do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Silva Luana da , Albuquerque Jackson Adriano , Bortolini Diego , Bender Mariana
Published: February 2021

Estudos recentes apontaram que o principal fator de origem do caráter retrátil, observado em Latossolos e Nitossolos, não é a mineralogia. Com isso formulou-se a hipótese de que a retração do solo em Latossolos e Nitossolos tem origem em fatores estruturais do solo, portanto podem ser investigados indiretamente através das propriedades físicas da estrutura do solo. Sendo assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar a retração com propriedades físicas e a matéria orgânica do solo, investigando de maneira indireta o processo de retração do solo. Foram selecionados seis perfis coletados nos Estados de Santa Catarina e no Rio Grande do Sul que apresentam caráter retrátil e um Vertissolo Ebânico no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram avaliados: granulometria, limites de consistência, densidade do solo e de partículas, porosidade total, microporos e macroporos, área superficial específica, índice de retração, matéria orgânica do solo e retenção de água no solo. A relação entre as propriedades foi realizada através de análise de componentes principais (ACP). Adicionalmente, para analisar o efeito da estrutura e da matéria orgânica no índice de retração, e amostras foram coletadas nos horizontes A, AB, BA, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 do Nitossolo Bruno de Painel, o qual possui um gradiente natural de decréscimo de matéria orgânica no perfil. Neste, as determinações da curva de retenção e índice de retração foram realizadas com amostras de estrutura preservada e alterada. A ACP indicou o índice plasticidade com maior relação com a retração do solo, indicando que a redução do teor de água cria meniscos entre as partículas assim a tensão superficial aumenta, causando uma curvatura do menisco, na interface entre água e ar aproximando as partículas, causando assim a retração do solo. A matéria orgânica tem efeito direto no processo de retração, no entanto, a intensidade da retração é dependente da estruturação do solo.
comunero ante el patíbulo: vida, muerte y memoria de Francisco Mercador, capitán de la Comunidad de Baza
Authors: CASTILLO FERNÁNDEZ Javier
Published: February 2021

Se estudia la trayectoria vital del que fuera principal líder de la revuelta comunera en Baza: un personaje singular, que usó en vida dos nombres indistintamente, con una trayectoria bélica importante durante la época fronteriza, la guerra de conquista del Reino de Granada y las empresas en el norte de África, así como con una notable relevancia social e institucional en la ciudad granadina. También se analiza y transcriben sus últimas voluntades, otorgadas inmediatamente antes de ser ejecutado por orden del marqués de Mondéjar, capitán general de Granada, que aplacó la revuelta. Por último, se rastrea la huella histórica que dejó el personaje, manipulada tanto por su familia (que lo trasmudó en hijo bastardo de un aristócrata) como por sus detractores (que lo convirtieron en un simple maleante).

This work addresses the vital trajectory of the main leader of the revolt of the Comuneros in Baza: a singular personality, who during his life used two names interchangeably. This character developed an important military trajectory during the frontier era,  the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada and the military actions in Northern Africa, as well as a notable social and institutional relevance in the city of Baza. We also analyse and transcribe his last will, granted immediately before being executed by order of the marquis of Mondéjar, captain general of Granada, who placated the revolt. Lastly, we follow the historical footprint that this character left, which was manipulated both by his family - who transmutated him into the bastard son of an aristocrat -  and his detractors - who turned him into a simple miscreant.
dimensión política, socioeconómica y religiosa de la redención de cautivos en la Baja Edad Media: poder laico y órdenes religiosas
Authors: PRIETO SAYAGUÉS Juan A.
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo analizamos las relaciones de benefactoría entre el poder laico y las órdenes redentoras de cautivos –Trinidad y Merced– y el componente político e identitario de las mismas. Se abordan las dinámicas de la redención y las vías económicas por las que estas órdenes consiguieron recaudar el dinero necesario para llevar a cabo su cometido. Se expone la participación de otras órdenes y monasterios en la redención, dando origen al a la popularización de los milagros asociados a sus Vírgenes o santos titulares y las consiguientes peregrinaciones a estos cenobios.

In this article we analyse the relations of benefactoría between the secular power and the redeeming orders of captives –Trinitarians and Mercedarians– as well as their political and identity component. We address the dynamics of redemption and the economic ways by which these orders managed to raise the money necessary to carry out their task. The participation of other orders and monasteries in the redemption is exposed, giving rise to the popularization of the miracles associated with their Virgin or titular saints and the consequent pilgrimages to these monasteries.
La promotion du sport auto-organisé dans la redéfinition des usages d’un espace public à forte valeur touristique : le cas des berges de Seine à Paris
Authors: Bourbillères Hugo , Évrard Barbara , Charrier Dominique
Published: February 2021

Les espaces urbains sont de plus en plus aménagés en territoire de loisirs et de tourisme sportif. Dans une métropole, ce type de dispositif dépassant la stricte sphère événementielle peut contribuer à la redéfinition des usages d’un espace public. Jouxtant la Seine, le projet de piétonisation et de réaménagement des « voies sur berges » à Paris participe de cette volonté de redonner de l’espace aux Parisiens et aux touristes qui fréquentent en nombre le centre de Paris. En examinant la dimension sportive du projet lors de ses premières années de fonctionnement (2013-2016), cet article analyse la manière dont ce dispositif transversal parvient à garantir la cohabitation d’usages, d’une part, parisiens, franciliens ou touristiques et, d’autre part, oisifs, sportifs, culturels ou encore économiques. On verra par ailleurs que le sport fait l’objet d’appropriations différentes selon les acteurs. Cette situation singulière au cœur de Paris, ville mondialement connue, consacre la pratique auto-organisée comme étant la forme de sport idoine pour la cohabitation des usages en milieu urbain. Dans ce contexte, les événements, porteurs d’un imaginaire festif et positif, servent d’outil de légitimation à un projet d’envergure qui reste avant tout un lieu touristique et symbolique classé au patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO.
Nulle part ailleurs. La périphérie touristique en question
Authors: Marcotte Pascale , Lapointe Dominic , Sarrasin Bruno , Bourdeau Laurent
Published: February 2021

Ce numéro deTéorosporte sur les territoires considérés comme « non touristiques » parce qu’ils sont à la marge, en périphérie, excentrés des destinations touristiques reconnues. Le tourisme se définissant comme un séjour « hors de l’environnement habituel », cet ailleurs doit néanmoins être suffisamment « extra-ordinaire » pour encourager le déplacement.
L’imaginaire écologique du tourisme de
ruine : faire l’expérience d’une présence de la nature plutôt que de
l’histoire
Authors: Wadbled Nathanaël
Published: February 2021

Les ruines abandonnées font l’objet d’un tourisme particulier qui
se distingue de celui qui s’intéresse aux ruines patrimonialisées. Leur attrait
ne vient pas d’un intérêt pour les événements passés dont elles sont témoins ni
d’une volonté de contemplation esthétique, mais de leur état de ruine. Elles
sont visitées car elles portent les marques d’une dégradation. Cet état fait
écho à deux manières de représenter les ruines dans la culture occidentale
moderne. Dans certains cas les ruines apparaissent comme des monuments anciens
mais, contrairement à celles des constructions détruites lors de guerres ou
d’accidents, les dégradations de toutes les ruines abandonnées sont représentées
comme les marques de l’action des cycles de la nature. Ce rapport à la nature
peut prendre deux formes selon que les ruines apparaissent en harmonie ou en
opposition avec elle. Les ruines abandonnées invitent à ces expériences de la
nature les touristes qui recherchent la visite de telles sites.
Le préjudice d’impréparation en matière médicale
Authors: Gout Olivier
Published: February 2021

Le préjudice d’impréparation en matière médicale a fait son apparition très récemment en droit français. Il vise à indemniser le préjudice moral tenant au choc subi par la victime qui apprend qu’un risque médical dissimulé, auquel elle n’a donc pas pu se préparer, s’est réalisé. Ce préjudice se justifie par le droit à la dignité du patient et par le droit à l’intégrité du corps humain, l’information étant dorénavant élevée au rang de droit fondamental. Le préjudice d’impréparation soulève toutefois de nombreuses difficultés comme celle de son évaluation ou encore celle de son articulation avec d’autres chefs de préjudice, telle la perte de chance associée à la renonciation à un acte médical. La présente étude tente donc de brosser le portrait de ce préjudice encore, semble-t-il, en cours d’élaboration.
L’indemnisation des préjudices d’angoisse en droit français
Authors: Porchy-Simon Stéphanie
Published: February 2021

Récemment reconnu en droit français, le préjudice d’angoisse connaît des applications dans des domaines variés, mais deux principales hypothèses peuvent en être distinguées. La première est celle selon laquelle l’angoisse est liée à un risque médiat d’atteinte à l’intégrité corporelle, comme, dans le cas emblématique en droit français, de l’exposition aux poussières d’amiante. La seconde est liée à la reconnaissance d’un préjudice parfois dit de mort imminente, la victime étant confrontée au risque de sa propre mort. Ayant suscité une attention accrue à la suite de la vague d’attentats que la France a connue depuis 2015, ce préjudice d’angoisse est en voie d’être pleinement reconnu en droit français.
Le préjudice boursier
Authors: Rias Nicolas
Published: February 2021

En droit français, le préjudice boursier a une consistance bien spécifique qui s’explique, d’une part, par l’originalité des évènements qui en sont à la source et, d’autre part, par la haute technicité du fonctionnement du marché boursier. Ses manifestations se déclinent selon une summa divisio fondée sur l’opposition entre le préjudice causé par une désinformation et le préjudice causé par une information privilégiée. Il est réparé, d’un point de vue substantiel, selon des modalités qui, par certains aspects, peuvent être remises en question, notamment au regard de l’un des grands principes qui gouverne le droit de la responsabilité civile, à savoir celui de la réparation intégrale, lequel semble pour le moins malmené. D’un point de vue procédural, sa réparation, par l’entremise de l’action de groupe, semble constituer une possibilité relativement limitée, tandis que son fondement, fréquemment infractionnel, permet à la victime de bénéficier de la diligence raisonnable de l’autorité de poursuite dans le cadre de l’action publique.
Haitiano/as en Santiago de Chile. Representaciones del otro latinoamericano/chileno/haitiano como paria en Perro Bomba (2019)
Authors: Genschow Karen
Published: February 2021

El artículo propone un análisis de la película chilena Perro Bomba (2019), producción audiovisual que relata la historia de un migrante haitiano en Santiago quien, a raíz de un incidente racista, se transforma de inmigrante asimilado en paria, según la terminología de Arendt y Varikas. En tanto migrante comparte, además, rasgos con lo que Ahmed ha llamado el migrante melancólico. Su recorrido por la ciudad muestra al mismo tiempo el reverso del Chile como oasis económico y anticipa de esta forma el llamado estallido social ocurrido desde octubre del 2019 en adelante. Un elemento importante del análisis es la aproximación estética y política de la película, situada entre ficción y documental, que asume en sí misma y en diferentes niveles –narración, puesta en escena, producción– un posicionamiento y abordaje desde el paria consciente en el sentido que propone Arendt.
“Senserostre és el malnom”: los parias en la narrativa breve no mimética española y catalana del s. XXI
Authors: Gregori Alfons
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo constituye una aportación al estudio de las cuestiones sociopolíticas en la literatura no mimética a la luz del concepto de paria. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido analizar el uso de lo fantástico y proyectivo con respecto a la representación de los parias bien como víctimas, bien como victimarios-vengadores. Tras una aproximación a la cuestión del paria en lo fantástico durante los siglos XIX y XX, se analiza una selección de relatos publicados en el siglo XXI en lengua española y catalana por Albert Sánchez Piñol, David Roas, José María García Hernández y Carme Torras. El trabajo demuestra que los textos fantásticos y proyectivos continúan siendo obras válidas de protesta y de denuncia ante las injusticias. Además, en ellos los parias-víctimas ya no son meramente minorías discriminadas y enmudecidas, sino que la casuística de dicha condición se ha ampliado al igual que lo ha hecho la complejidad del mundo contemporáneo.
Data-flow-based adaption of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec)
Authors: Yu Jinghua , Wagner Stefan , Luo Feng
Published: February 2021

Security analysis is an essential activity in security engineering to identify potential system vulnerabilities and specify security requirements in the early design phases. Due to the increasing complexity of modern systems, traditional approaches lack the power to identify insecure incidents caused by complex interactions among physical systems, human and social entities. By contrast, the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec) approach views losses as resulting from interactions, focuses on controlling system vulnerabilities instead of external threats, and is applicable for complex socio-technical systems. However, the STPA-Sec pays less attention to the non-safety but information-security issues (e.g., data confidentiality) and lacks efficient guidance for identifying information security concepts. In this article, we propose a data-flow-based adaption of the STPA-Sec (named STPA-DFSec) to overcome the mentioned limitations and elicit security constraints systematically. We use the STPA-DFSec and STPA-Sec to analyze a vehicle digital key system and investigate the relationship and differences between both approaches, their applicability, and highlights. To conclude, the proposed approach can identify information-related problems more directly from the data processing aspect. As an adaption of the STPA-Sec, it can be used with other STPA-based approaches to co-design systems in multi-disciplines under the unified STPA framework.
Liver cancer mortality over six decades in an epidemic area: what we have learned
Authors: Chen Jian-Guo , Zhu Jian , Zhang Yong-Hui , Chen Yong-Sheng , Lu Jian-Hua , Zhu Yuan-Rong , Chen Hai-Zhen , Shen Ai-Guo , Wang Gao-Ren , Groopman John D. , Kensler Thomas W.
Published: February 2021

Background and aims:

Liver cancer is one of the most dominant malignant tumors in the world. The trends of liver cancer mortality over the past six decades have been tracked in the epidemic region of Qidong, China. Using epidemiological tools, we explore the dynamic changes in age-standardized rates to characterize important aspects of liver cancer etiology and prevention.

Methods

Mortality data of liver cancer in Qidong from 1958 to 1971 (death retrospective survey) and from 1972 to 2017 (cancer registration) were tabulated for the crude rate (CR), and age-standardized rate and age-birth cohorts. The average annual percentage change was calculated by the Joinpoint Regression Program.

Results

The natural death rate during 1958–2017 decreased from 9‰ to 5.4‰ and then increased to 8‰ as the population aged; cancer mortality rates rose continuously from 57/105 to 240/105. Liver cancer mortality increased from 20/105 to 80/105, and then dropped to less than 52/105 in 2017. Liver cancer deaths in 1972–2017 accounted for 30.53% of all cancers, with a CR of 60.48/105, age-standardized rate China (ASRC) of 34.78/105, and ASRW (world) of 45.71/105. Other key features were the CR for males and females of 91.86/105 and 29.92/105, respectively, with a sex ratio of 3.07:1. Period analysis showed that the ASRs for mortality of the age groups under 54 years old had a significant decreasing trend. Importantly, birth cohort analysis showed that the mortality rate of liver cancer in 40–44, 35–39, 30–34, 25–29, 20–24, 15–19 years cohort decreased considerably, but the rates in 70–74, and 75+ increased.

Conclusions

The crude mortality rate of liver cancer in Qidong has experienced trends from lower to higher levels, and from continued increase at a high plateau to most recently a gradual decline, and a change greatest in younger people. Many years of comprehensive prevention and intervention measures have influenced the decline of the liver cancer epidemic in this area. The reduction of intake levels of aflatoxin might be one of the most significant factors as evidenced by the dramatic decline of exposure biomarkers in this population during the past three decades.
A method to adjust a prior distribution in Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: February 2021

Previous research has shown the potential value of Bayesian methods in fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) analysis. For instance, the results from Bayes factor-applied second-level fMRI analysis showed a higher hit rate compared with frequentist second-level fMRI analysis, suggesting greater sensitivity. Although the method reported more positives as a result of the higher sensitivity, it was able to maintain a reasonable level of selectivity in term of the false positive rate. Moreover, employment of the multiple comparison correction method to update the default prior distribution significantly improved the performance of Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis. However, previous studies have utilized the default prior distribution and did not consider the nature of each individual study. Thus, in the present study, a method to adjust the Cauchy prior distribution based on a priori information, which can be acquired from the results of relevant previous studies, was proposed and tested. A Cauchy prior distribution was adjusted based on the contrast, noise strength, and proportion of true positives that were estimated from a meta-analysis of relevant previous studies. In the present study, both the simulated images and real contrast images from two previous studies were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results showed that the employment of the prior adjustment method resulted in improved performance of Bayesian second-level fMRI analysis.
Consumer Evaluation of the Jump Step Program for People with Mood Disorders: Implications for Program Development
Authors: Li Neville , Sims-Gould Joanie , Vazirian Sara , Khan Karim M.
Published: February 2021

An extensive body of literature supports the mental health benefits of exercise. Some clinicians are starting to embrace the concept “exercise is medicine.” In our study, we evaluated longitudinal qualitative data from participants with a mood disorder who participated in an exercise program. Recommendations from participants include providing a program that offers a variety of exercise options supported by professionals such as an exercise specialist in a community setting. Researchers and clinicians can take our results into account when designing or running similar programs for people with mood disorders.
An Exponentiated Odd Lindley Inverse Exponential Distribution and its Application to Infant Mortality and HIV Transmission Rates in Nigeria
Authors: Eraikhuemen Innocent Boyle , Onwuka Gerald Ikechukwu , Yakura Bassa Shiwaye , Allahde Hassan
Published: February 2021

Recently, researchers have shown much interest in developing new continuous probability distributions by adding one or two parameter(s) to the some existing baseline distributions. This act has been beneficial to the field of statistical theory especially in modeling of real life situations. Also, the exponentiated family as used in developing new distributions is an efficient method proposed and studied for defining more flexible continuous probability distributions for modeling real life data. In this study, the method of exponentiation has been used to develop a new distribution called “Exponentiated odd Lindley inverse exponential distribution”. Some properties of the proposed distribution and estimation of its unknown parameters has been done using the method of maximum likelihood estimation and its application to real life datasets. The new model has been applied to infant mortality rate and mother-to-child HIV transmission rate. The results of these two applications reveal that the proposed model is a better model compared to the other fitted existing models by some selection information criteria.