bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plagioclase Megacrysts in Mesoproterozoic Amphibolites from the New Jersey Highlands, USA: Indicators of Mixed-Source Magma and Fractionation Interruption in Anorthosite-Dominated Terrains
Authors: Gorring Matthew L. , Volkert Richard A. , Peck William H.
Published: July 2024

Rare amphibolite in the New Jersey Highlands containing plagioclase megacrysts ≤13 cm long forms bodies 0.5 to 2 m thick that preserve a penetrative metamorphic fabric and have sharp, conformable contacts against Mesoproterozoic country rocks. The megacrystic amphibolites were emplaced as thin dikes along extensional faults between 1160 and 1130 Ma. Amphibolites contain weakly zoned, subhedral andesine megacrysts (An29–44) in a matrix of plagioclase (An18–38), magnesio-hastingsite, biotite, diopside, Fe-Ti oxides, and apatite. The whole-rock major oxide composition of the megacrystic amphibolite matrix has high TiO2 (2.07 wt.% ± 2.0%), Al2O3 (17.03 wt.% ± 0.87%), and Fe2O3t (12.84 wt.% ± 3.2%) that represents an Al-Fe-rich mafic magma type that is characteristic of anorthosite associations globally. The whole-rock, rare earth element (REE) composition of the megacrystic amphibolite matrix is characterized by enrichments in light rare earth elements (LREEs) (La/YbN = 1.73–10.69) relative to middle (MREEs) and heavy (HREEs) rare earth elements (Gd/YbN = 1.30–1.85), and most samples have small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.95–1.25). The megacrystic amphibolite matrix is also enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Ba/Nb = 24–22). Megacrystic amphibolites formed through partial melting of subduction-modified lithospheric mantle that fractionated olivine and plagioclase, producing a high-Al-Fe mafic magma. Plagioclase megacrysts formed through extraction of a plagioclase-rich crystal-liquid mush from anorthosite that mixed with mafic magma and collected in the upper part of the mid-crustal magma (depth of ~20 km based on Al-in-hornblende geobarometry) chamber through flotation. Periodic tapping of this mixed source by extensional fractures led to emplacement of the amphibolites as dikes and may have interrupted the extensive fractionation and plagioclase separation necessary to form voluminous anorthosite intrusions.
Structural Principles of Ion-Conducting Mineral-like Crystals with Tetrahedral, Octahedral, and Mixed Frameworks
Authors: Pushcharovsky Dmitry , Ivanov-Schitz Alexey
Published: July 2024

Materials with high ion mobility are widely used in many fields of modern science and technology. Over the last 40 years, they have thoroughly changed our world. The paper characterizes the structural features of minerals and their synthetic analogs possessing this property. Special attention is paid to the ionic conductors with tetrahedral (zincite- and wurtzite-like), octahedral (ilmenite-like), and mixed (NASICON-like) frameworks. It is emphasized that the main conditions for fast ionic transport are related to the size and positions occupied by a mobile ion, their activation energy, the presence and diameter of conduction channels running inside the structure, isomorphic impurities, and other structural peculiarities. The results of the studies of solid electrolytes are dispersed in different editions, and the overview of new ideas related to their crystal structures was the focus of this paper.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Response to Fluid Infiltration into Cambrian Orthopyroxene-Bearing Granitoids and Gneisses, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Engvik Ane K. , Corfu Fernando , Kleinhanns Ilka C. , Taubald Heinrich , Elvevold Synnøve
Published: July 2024

Fluid infiltration into Proterozoic and Early Palaeozoic dry, orthopyroxene-bearing granitoids and gneisses in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, has caused changes to rock appearance, mineralogy, and rock chemistry. The main mineralogical changes are the replacement of orthopyroxene by hornblende and biotite, ilmenite by titanite, and various changes in feldspar structure and composition. Geochemically, these processes resulted in general gains of Si, mostly of Al, and marginally of K and Na but losses of Fe, Mg, Ti, Ca, and P. The isotopic oxygen composition (δ18OSMOW = 6.0‰–9.9‰) is in accordance with that of the magmatic precursor, both for the host rock and infiltrating fluid. U-Pb isotopes in zircon of the altered and unaltered syenite to quartz-monzonite indicate a primary crystallization age of 520.2 ± 1.0 Ma, while titanite defines alteration at 485.5 ± 1.4 Ma. Two sets of gneiss samples yield a Rb-Sr age of 517 ± 6 Ma and a Sm-Nd age of 536 ± 23 Ma. The initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios suggest derivation of the gneisses from a relatively juvenile source but with a very strong metasomatic effect that introduced radiogenic Sr into the system. The granitoid data indicate instead a derivation from Mid-Proterozoic crust, probably with additions of mantle components.
Expanded Insights into Martian Mineralogy: Updated Analysis of Gale Crater’s Mineral Composition via CheMin Crystal Chemical Investigations
Authors: Morrison Shaunna M. , Blake David F. , Bristow Thomas F. , Castle Nicholas , Chipera Steve J. , Craig Patricia I. , Downs Robert T. , Eleish Ahmed , Hazen Robert M. , Meusburger Johannes M. , Ming Douglas W. , Morris Richard V. , Pandey Aditi , Prabhu Anirudh , Rampe Elizabeth B. , Sarrazin Philippe C. , Simpson Sarah L. , Thorpe Michael T. , Treiman Allan H. , Tu Valerie , Tutolo Benjamin M. , Vaniman David T. , Vasavada Ashwin R. , Yen Albert S.
Published: July 2024

This study presents mineral composition estimates of rock and sediment samples analyzed with the CheMin X-ray diffraction instrument on board the NASA Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, in Gale crater, Mars. Mineral composition is estimated using crystal-chemically derived algorithms applied to X-ray diffraction data, specifically unit-cell parameters. The mineral groups characterized include those found in major abundance by the CheMin instrument (i.e., feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, and spinel oxide). In addition to estimating the composition of the major mineral phases observed in Gale crater, we place their compositions in a stratigraphic context and provide a comparison to that of martian meteorites. This work provides expanded insights into the mineralogy and chemistry of the martian surface.
Application of Multibody Dynamics and Bonded-Particle GPU Discrete Element Method in Modelling of a Gyratory Crusher
Authors: Xiong Youwei , Gan Jieqing , Chen Wei , Ou Tao , Zhao Guoyan , Wu Dongling
Published: July 2024

The gyratory crusher is one of the most important mineral processing assets in the comminution circuit, and its production performance directly impacts the circuit throughput. Due to its higher energy utilisation rate for rock breakage than semi-autogenous (SAG/AG) milling, it is a common practice in operations to promote and optimise primary crushing before the downstream capacity can be enhanced. This study aims to develop a discrete element modelling (DEM) and multibody dynamics (MBD) cosimulation framework to optimise the performance of the gyratory crusher. An MBD model was initially established to simulate the gyratory crusher’s drivetrain system. A GPU-based DEM was also developed with a parallel bond model incorporated to simulate the particle breakage behaviour. Coupling of the MBD and GPU-based DEM resulted in a cosimulation framework based on the Function Mock-up Interface. An industrial-scale gyratory crusher was selected to test the developed numerical framework, and results indicated that the developed method was capable of modelling normal and choked working conditions. The outcome of this study enabled more realistic gyratory crusher improvement and optimisation strategies for enhanced production.
Comment on Zhang et al. New Age Constraints of the Bilong Co Oil Shale in the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet: Evidence from In Situ U–Pb Dating and Palaeontology. Minerals 2024, 14, 246
Authors: Yin Jiarun
Published: July 2024

Two species in question, Tiltoniceras sp. (Zhang et al., 2024, p. 6, Figure 5A,B,E) and “Hildoceratidae sp.”, belong to the misidentification of ammonites, the conclusion drawn by Zhang et al. (2024) lacks reliable evidence from ammonite biochronology to support the U–Pb Dating.
Advances in Brain Stimulation, Nanomedicine and the Use of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles: Dopaminergic Alterations and Their Role in Neurodegeneration and Drug Addiction
Authors: Giménez Silvia , Millan Alexandra , Mora-Morell Alba , Ayuso Noa , Gastaldo-Jordán Isis , Pardo Marta
Published: July 2024

Recent advancements in brain stimulation and nanomedicine have ushered in a new era of therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the cutting-edge innovations in brain stimulation techniques, including their applications in alleviating symptoms of main neurodegenerative disorders and addiction. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an FDA-approved treatment for specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and is currently under evaluation for other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s Disease. This technique has facilitated significant advancements in understanding brain electrical circuitry by enabling targeted brain stimulation and providing insights into neural network function and dysfunction. In reviewing DBS studies, this review places particular emphasis on the underlying main neurotransmitter modifications and their specific brain area location, particularly focusing on the dopaminergic system, which plays a critical role in these conditions. Furthermore, this review delves into the groundbreaking developments in nanomedicine, highlighting how nanotechnology can be utilized to target aberrant signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on the dopaminergic system. The discussion extends to emerging technologies such as magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), which represent a novel intersection between nanoformulation and brain stimulation approaches. These innovative technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of treatments by enabling the non-invasive, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents as well as on-site, on-demand stimulation. By integrating insights from recent research and technological advances, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how brain stimulation and nanomedicine can be synergistically applied to address complex neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
Non-Target Screening of Chemicals in Selected Cotton Products by GC/MS and Their Safety Assessment
Authors: Dąbrowski Łukasz
Published: July 2024

Cotton is used for the production of textiles, hygiene and cosmetic materials. During cultivation and technological processes, various types of substances (surfactants, softeners, lubricants, etc.) penetrate cotton, which can have a harmful effect on both the human body and the environment. The aim of this study was to analyze selected cotton products in order to identify the substances contained and to describe the potential possibilities of inducing textile contact dermatitis (CD). The impact of the identified compounds on the aquatic environment was also taken into account. Nine samples of cotton clothing and seven samples of cotton pads from various manufacturers were tested. Samples after extraction using the FUSLE (Focused Ultrasonic Liquid Extraction) technique were analyzed with GC/MS. Qualitative analysis was based on comparing mass spectra with library spectra using the following mass spectra deconvolution programs: MassHunter (Agilent), AMDIS (NIST), and PARADISE (University of Copenhagen). The parameter confirming the identification of the substance was the retention index. Through the non-target screening process, a total of 36 substances were identified, with an average AMDIS match factor of approximately 900 (“excellent match”). Analyzing the properties of the identified compounds, it can be concluded that most of them have potential properties that can cause CD, also due to the relatively high content in samples. This applies primarily to long-chain alkanes (C25–C31), saturated fatty acids, fatty alcohols (e.g., oleyl alcohol), and fatty acid amides (e.g., oleamide). However, there are not many reports describing cases of cotton CD. Information on the identified groups of compounds may be helpful in the case of unexplained sources of sensitization when the skin comes into contact with cotton materials. Some of the identified compounds are also classified as dangerous for aquatic organisms, especially if they can be released during laundering.
Evaluation of the Shelf Life of Myristica-fragrans Powder-Flavored Oils Obtained through the Application of Two Processes: Infusion and Co-Pressing Technology
Authors: Custureri Irene Maria Grazia , Loizzo Monica Rosa , Sicari Vincenzo , Pino Roberta , Tundis Rosa , Soria Ana Cristina , Giuffrè Angelo Maria
Published: July 2024

This work aimed to evaluate the impact of enrichment processing on the quality parameters, bioactivity and sensorial aspects of Myristica fragrans (mace)-flavored olive oil storage for one year. The mace powder was added to extra virgin olive oil through two different processes: immediately after crushing the olives by mixing mace (1% weight/weight (w/w)) with the olive paste (MAVOO-M) and by adding mace to extra virgin olive oil (C) (2% w/w) (MAVOO-I). A multi-analytical approach was applied to measure the main qualitative indexes, such as the free acidity, peroxide value and ultraviolet parameters. The total phenolic and carotenoid contents (TPC and TCC, respectively) and α-tocopherol were also evaluated, as well as the sensory attributes. The radical scavenging potential was estimated by using two different in vitro tests, namely, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). A significant increase in the free acidity parameter was found in all the flavored oils, and particularly in the MAVOO-M (1.27% oleic acid); at the same time, this oil was the sample with the lowest peroxide value (i.e., 9.68 meqO2/kg) after 360 days of storage. At the end of the storage, an increase in L* values was found in both the MAVOO-M and -I vs. the C (43.88 and 43.02, respectively, vs. 42.62). The TCC was strongly influenced by the addition of mace, especially when the infusion process was used. In fact, after one year of storage, the TCC in the MAVOO-I resulted in ~34.7% more than the MAVOO-M. A promising DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed independently by the applied aromatization process, with IC50 values of 19.77 and 17.80 μg/mL for the MAVOO-M and MAVOO-I, respectively. However, this activity decreased during storage, and a similar trend was observed using the ABTS test. In conclusion the infusion as enrichment methodology led to more promising results in terms of functionality compared with the co-mixing one.
Enhancing Functional Properties and Protein Structure of Almond Protein Isolate Using High-Power Ultrasound Treatment
Authors: Tian Li , You Xinyong , Zhang Shulin , Zhu Zhenbao , Yi Jianhua , Jin Gang
Published: July 2024

The suitability of a given protein for use in food products depends heavily on characteristics such as foaming capacity, emulsifiability, and solubility, all of which are affected by the protein structure. Notably, protein structure, and thus characteristics related to food applications, can be altered by treatment with high-power ultrasound (HUS). Almonds are a promising source of high-quality vegetable protein for food products, but their physicochemical and functional properties remain largely unexplored, limiting their current applications in foods. Here, we tested the use of HUS on almond protein isolate (API) to determine the effects of this treatment on API functional properties. Aqueous almond protein suspensions were sonicated at varying power levels (200, 400, or 600 W) for two durations (15 or 30 min). The molecular structure, protein microstructure, solubility, and emulsifying and foaming properties of the resulting samples were then measured. The results showed that HUS treatment did not break API covalent bonds, but there were notable changes in the secondary protein structure composition, with the treated proteins showing a decrease in α-helices and β-turns, and an increase in random coil structures as the result of protein unfolding. HUS treatment also increased the number of surface free sulfhydryl groups and decreased the intrinsic fluorescence intensity, indicating that the treatment also led to alterations in the tertiary protein structures. The particle size in aqueous suspensions was decreased in treated samples, indicating that HUS caused the dissociation of API aggregates. Finally, treated samples showed increased water solubility, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foaming capacity, and foaming stability. This study demonstrated that HUS altered key physicochemical characteristics of API, improving critical functional properties including solubility and foaming and emulsifying capacities. This study also validated HUS as a safe and environmentally responsible tool for enhancing desirable functional characteristics of almond proteins, promoting their use in the food industry as a high-quality plant-based protein.
The Mediterranean Species Calendula officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare as Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Vella Filomena Monica , Pignone Domenico , Laratta Bruna
Published: July 2024

Research studies on plant secondary metabolites have increased over the last decades as a consequence of the growing consumer demand for natural products in pharmaceutics and therapeutics, as well as in perfumery and cosmetics. In this perspective, many Mediterranean plant species could be an appreciated source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological and health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor ones. Calendula officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare are commercially important plants of the Mediterranean flora, with great therapeutic use in the treatment of many disorders since ancient times, and are now listed in several world pharmacopoeias and drug agencies. The present review offers an overview of the main phytochemicals, phenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, biosynthesized in C. officinalis and F. vulgare, both species endemic to the Mediterranean region. Further, all current knowledge and scientific data on taxonomic classification, botanical description, traditional uses, pharmacological studies, and potential toxicity of both species were reported. The principal aim of this review is to point out the prospective use of C. officinalis and F. vulgare as valuable reservoirs of beneficial plant-derived products with interesting biological properties, also providing suggestions and future challenges for the full exploitation of these two Mediterranean species for human life improvement.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Hydrazones Based on N-Aminomorpholine
Authors: Nurkenov Oralgazy A. , Zhautikova Saule B. , Khlebnikov Andrei I. , Syzdykov Ardak K. , Fazylov Serik D. , Seilkhanov Tulegen M. , Kabieva Saule K. , Turdybekov Kobylandy M. , Mendibayeva Anel Z. , Zhumanazarova Gaziza M.
Published: July 2024

The data on the synthesis of N-aminomorpholine hydrazones are presented. It is shown that the interaction of N-aminomorpholine with functionally substituted benzaldehydes and 4-pyridinaldehyde in isopropyl alcohol leads to the formation of corresponding hydrazones. The structure of the synthesized compounds was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods, including the COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C) and HMBC (1H-13C) methodologies. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integral intensity of 1H and 13C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. The COSY (1H-1H), HMQC (1H-13C), and HMBC (1H-13C) results revealed homo- and heteronuclear interactions, confirming the structure of the studied compounds. The antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity of some synthesized hydrazones were investigated. It is shown that 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid has a pronounced viral inhibitory property, comparable in its activity to commercial drugs Tamiflu and Remantadine. A docking study was performed using the influenza virus protein models (1930 Swine H1 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of 1918 H1N1 strain). The potential binding sites that are complementary with 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid were found.
N2 as an Efficient IR Probe Molecule for the Investigation of Ceria-Containing Materials
Authors: Chakarova Kristina K. , Mihaylov Mihail Y. , Karapenchev Bayan S. , Koleva Iskra Z. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Hadjiivanov Konstantin I.
Published: July 2024

Ceria and ceria-based catalysts are very important in redox and acid-base catalysis. Nanoceria have also been found to be important in biomedical applications. To design efficient materials, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the surface chemistry of ceria, and one of the techniques that provides such information about the surface is the vibrational spectroscopy of probe molecules. Although the most commonly used probe is CO, it has some disadvantages when applied to ceria and ceria-based catalysts. CO can easily reduce the material, forming carbonate-like species, and can be disproportionate, thus modifying the surface. Here, we offer a pioneering study of the adsorption of 15N2 at 100 K, demonstrating that dinitrogen can be more advantageous than CO when studying ceria-based materials. As an inert gas, N2 is not able to oxidize or reduce cerium cations and does not form any surface anionic species able to modify the surface. It is infrared and transparent, and thus there is no need to subtract the gas phase spectrum, something that often increases the noise level. Being a weaker base than CO, N2 has a negligible induction effect. By using stoichiometric nano-shaped ceria samples, we concluded that 15N2 can distinguish between surface Ce4+ sites on different, low index planes; with cations on the {110} facets and on some of the edges, Ce4+−15N2 species with IR bands at 2258–2257 cm−1 are formed. Bridging species, where one of the N atoms from the molecule interacts with two Ce4+ cations, are formed on the {100} facets (2253–2252 cm−1), while the interaction with the {111} facets is very weak and does not lead to the formation of measurable amounts of complexes. All species are formed by electrostatic interaction and disappear during evacuation at 100 K. In addition, N2 provides more accurate information than CO on the acidity of the different OH groups because it does not change the binding mode of the hydroxyls.
Magnesium(II) Porphyrazine with Thiophenylmethylene Groups-Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, UV–Visible Titration with Palladium Ions, and Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Szczolko Wojciech , Chornovolenko Kyrylo , Kujawski Jacek , Dutkiewicz Zbigniew , Koczorowski Tomasz
Published: July 2024

The presented studies aimed to evaluate the peripheral coordinating properties of a novel porphyrinoid family representative preceded by its synthesis for potential sensing purposes. Two synthetic pathways were employed to a obtain maleonitrile derivative, further used as a starting material in the cyclotetramerization reaction. In the first one, DAMN was used in sequential double-reductive alkylation with 2-thiophene-carboxyaldehyde and sodium borohydride. In the second, DAMN was used in a one-pot reaction with 2-thiophene-carboxyaldehyde in the presence of a 5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine borane complex in methanol and acetic acid. Following the Linstead approach, the cyclization reaction led to a novel symmetrical magnesium(II) octaaminoporphyrazine with methyl(2-thiophenylmethylene) substituents. The macrocycle’s electrochemical properties were assessed by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetries revealing one reduction and two oxidation peak potentials. The additional spectroelectrochemical measurements showed formation of a cationic form of the macrocycle at an applied potential of 0.6 V. The coordinating properties due to the palladium ion of novel porphyrazines were measured with the use of titration combined with UV–vis spectrometry. The titration of Pd2+ revealed the good sensing activity of porphyrazine in the range of 0.1 to 5 palladium molar equivalents. In addition, Pd2+ ions coordination was also assessed by electrochemical studies, indicating the peak potential shift of 0.1 V in the presence of metal cations. DFT calculations showed the good agreement between theoretical and experimental data in the UV–vis and 1H NMR studies.
Photonic and Nanomechanical Modes in Acoustoplasmonic Toroidal Nanopropellers
Authors: Castillo López de Larrinzar Beatriz , García Jorge M. , Lanzillotti-Kimura Norberto Daniel , García-Martín Antonio
Published: July 2024

Non-conventional resonances, both acoustic and photonic, are found in metallic particles with a toroidal nanopropeller geometry, which is generated by sweeping a three-lobed 2D shape along a spiral with twisting angle α. For both optical and acoustic cases, the spectral location of resonances experiences a red-shift as a function of α. We demonstrate that the optical case can be understood as a natural evolution of resonances as the spiral length of the toroidal nanopropeller increases with α, implying a huge helicity-dependent absorption cross-section. In the case of acoustic response, two red-shifting breathing modes are identified. Additionally, even a small α allows the appearance of new low-frequency resonances, whose spectral dispersion depends on a competition between the length of the generative spiral and the pitch of the toroidal nanopropeller.
Spray-Flame Synthesis of NASICON-Type Rhombohedral (α) Li1+xYxZr2−x(PO4)3 [x = 0–0.2] Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Ali Md Yusuf , Chen Tianyu , Orthner Hans , Wiggers Hartmut
Published: July 2024

Since solid electrolytes have a broad electrochemical stability window, are exceptionally electrochemically stable against Li metal, and function as a physical separator to prevent dendrite growth, they are at the forefront of alternate possibilities, further increasing the stability and energy density of Li-ion batteries. NASICON-type electrolytes are a promising candidate due to their negligible moisture sensitivity, which results in outstanding stability and a lower probability of Li2CO3 passivity under the ambient atmosphere. However, one of the most promising representatives, Li1+xYxZr2−x(PO4)3 (LYZP), has multiple stable phases with significant variation in their corresponding Li-ion conductivity. In this paper, we have successfully synthesized the highly ionically conductive rhombohedral phase of LYZP via spray-flame synthesis. Two different solvent mixtures (e.g., 2-ethyl hexanoic acid/ethanol, propanol/propanoic acid) were chosen to explore the effect of precursor composition and combustion enthalpy on the phase composition of the nanoparticle. The as-synthesized nanoparticles from spray-flame synthesis consisted of the crystalline tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase, while lithium, yttrium, and phosphate were present on the nanoparticles’ surface as amorphous phases. However, a short annealing step (1 h) was sufficient to obtain the NASICON phase. Moreover, we have shown the gradual phase conversion from orthorhombic β phase to rhombohedral α phase as the annealing temperature increased from 700 °C to 1300 °C (complete removal of β phase). In this context, Y3+ doping was also crucial, along with the appropriate solvent mixture and annealing temperature, for obtaining the much-desired rhombohedral α phase. Further, 0.2 at% Y3+ doping was added to the solvent mixture of 2-ethyl hexanoic acid/ethanol, and annealing at 1300 °C for 1 h resulted in a high ionic conductivity of 1.14∙10−5 S cm−1.
Investigating the Potential of CO2 Nanobubble Systems for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Extra-Low-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Cai Liyuan , Wu Jingchun , Zhang Miaoxin , Wang Keliang , Li Bo , Yu Xin , Hou Yangyang , Zhao Yang
Published: July 2024

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) stands as one of the effective means to reduce carbon emissions and serves as a crucial technical pillar for achieving experimental carbon neutrality. CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) represents the foremost method for CO2 utilization. CO2-EOR represents a favorable technical means of efficiently developing extra-low-permeability reservoirs. Nevertheless, the process known as the direct injection of CO2 is highly susceptible to gas scrambling, which reduces the exposure time and contact area between CO2 and the extra-low-permeability oil matrix, making it challenging to utilize CO2 molecular diffusion effectively. In this paper, a comprehensive study involving the application of a CO2 nanobubble system in extra-low-permeability reservoirs is presented. A modified nano-SiO2 particle with pro-CO2 properties was designed using the Pickering emulsion template method and employed as a CO2 nanobubble stabilizer. The suitability of the CO2 nanobubbles for use in extra-low-permeability reservoirs was evaluated in terms of their temperature resistance, oil resistance, dimensional stability, interfacial properties, and wetting-reversal properties. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effect of the CO2 nanobubble system was evaluated through core experiments. The results indicate that the CO2 nanobubble system can suppress the phenomena of channeling and gravity overlap in the formation. Additionally, the system can alter the wettability, thereby improving interfacial activity. Furthermore, the system can reduce the interfacial tension, thus expanding the wave efficiency of the repellent phase fluids. The system can also improve the ability of CO2 to displace the crude oil or water in the pore space. The CO2 nanobubble system can take advantage of its size and high mass transfer efficiency, among other advantages. Injection of the gas into the extra-low-permeability reservoir can be used to block high-gas-capacity channels. The injected gas is forced to enter the low-permeability layer or matrix, with the results of core simulation experiments indicating a recovery rate of 66.28%. Nanobubble technology, the subject of this paper, has significant practical implications for enhancing the efficiency of CO2-EOR and geologic sequestration, as well as providing an environmentally friendly method as part of larger CCUS-EOR.
Enhancing Bioactivity and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Derived from Oyster Shells through Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Wu Shih-Ching , Hsu Hsueh-Chuan , Wu Wen-Hui , Ho Wen-Fu
Published: July 2024

Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) demonstrates favorable biological activity, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and osteoconductivity, making it highly valuable in biomedicine. It is extensively used as a bone substitute and in bone transplantation within the dental and orthopedic fields. This study employed oyster shells as a calcium source to synthesize nHA at 150 °C with various hydrothermal reaction durations (10 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 12 h). As a control, HA synthesized via a wet precipitation method for 1 h at room temperature was utilized. Subsequent material analyses, including XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, and ICP-MS, were conducted, followed by comprehensive evaluations of the bioactivity, cell attachment, cell proliferation, and sintering properties of the synthesized nHA. The results indicated that nHA synthesized through the hydrothermal reaction produced nanoscale crystals, with the aspect ratio of nHA particles increasing with the duration of hydrothermal treatment. Notably, rod-like nHA particles became prominent with hydrothermal durations exceeding 6 h. nHA particles derived from oyster shells contained carbonate and trace elements (Na, Mg, K, and Sr), similar to constituents found in human hard tissue such as bone and teeth. The immersion of nHA synthesized at 150 °C for 1 h (HT2) in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 d led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer on the surface, indicating the excellent bioactivity of the synthesized nHA. The cell culture results revealed superior cell attachment and proliferation for nHA (HT2). Following the sequential formation and sintering at 1200 °C for 4 h, HT2 ceramics exhibited enhanced microhardness (5.65 GPa) and fracture toughness (1.23 MPa·m0.5), surpassing those of human tooth enamel.
Research Progress on the Preparation of Manganese Dioxide Nanomaterials and Their Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Xie Chunsheng , Xu Zesheng , Zheng Yujian , Wang Shuo , Dai Min , Xiao Chun
Published: July 2024

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanomaterials have shown excellent performance in catalytic degradation and other fields because of their low density and great specific surface area, as well as their tunable chemical characteristics. However, the methods used to synthesize MnO2 nanomaterials greatly affect their structures and properties. Therefore, the present work systematically illustrates common synthetic routes and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as examining research progress relating to electrochemical applications. In contrast to previous reviews, this review summarizes approaches for preparing MnO2 nanoparticles and describes their respective merits, demerits, and limitations. The aim is to help readers better select appropriate preparation methods for MnO2 nanomaterials and translate research results into practical applications. Finally, we also point out that despite the significant progress that has been made in the development of MnO2 nanomaterials for electrochemical applications, the related research remains in the early stages, and the focus of future research should be placed on the development of green synthesis methods, as well as the composition and modification of MnO2 nanoparticles with other materials.
A Comprehensive Optimization Course of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanofiller Loading in Polyamide 12: Printability, Quality Assessment, and Engineering Response in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Nasikas Nektarios K. , Petousis Markos , Papadakis Vassilis , Argyros Apostolos , Valsamos John , Gkagkanatsiou Katerina , Sagris Dimitrios , David Constantine , Michailidis Nikolaos , Maravelakis Emmanuel , Vidakis Nectarios
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) as a reinforcing agent for polyamide 12 (PA12) in 3D printing by examining four mixtures with varying ATO concentrations (2.0 to 8.0 wt.%, with a 2.0 wt.% interval). These mixtures were used to fabricate filaments for the manufacturing of specimens through the material extrusion method. The mechanical properties of the resulting PA12/ATO composites and PA12 pure samples were evaluated through tensile, Charpy impact, flexural, and microhardness tests. Additionally, rheology, structure, morphology, thermal properties, pore size, and consistency in the dimensions of the samples were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis, along with differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive and Raman spectroscopy, and micro-computed tomography, were conducted. The results were correlated and interpreted. The greatest reinforcement was achieved with the PA12/ATO 4.0 wt.% mixture, which exhibited a 19.3% increase in tensile strength and an 18.6% increase in flexural strength compared with pure PA12 (the control samples). The Charpy impact strength and microhardness were also improved by more than 10%. These findings indicate the merit of composites with ATO in additive manufacturing, particularly in the production of components with improved mechanical performance.
Longitudinal Associations between Healthy Eating Habits, Resilience, Insomnia, and Internet Addiction in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: Yao Liqing , Liang Kaixin , Huang Liuyue , Xiao Jialin , Zhou Kaiji , Chen Sitong , Chi Xinli
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction by using a cross-lagged panel analysis of Chinese college students. Overall, 807 Chinese college students completed questionnaires on healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction from August 2020 (time 1, T1) to November 2020 (time 2, T2), and were selected for the data analyses. Healthy eating habits (T1) had significant effects on resilience (T2; β = 0.064, p < 0.05) and insomnia (T2; β = −0.064, p < 0.05), but not Internet addiction (T2; β = −0.028, p > 0.05). Insomnia (T1) negatively predicted resilience (T2; β = −0.098, p < 0.01). Insomnia was bidirectionally associated with Internet addiction (Internet addiction at T1 to insomnia at T2: β = 0.085, p < 0.01; insomnia at T1 to Internet addiction at T2: β = 0.070, p < 0.05). Additionally, Internet addiction (T1) significantly predicted resilience (T2; β = −0.075, p < 0.05). This study further expanded the understanding of the longitudinal associations between healthy eating habits, resilience, insomnia, and Internet addiction, which provided higher-level evidence and important implications for the interventions for reducing college students’ Internet addiction, developing healthy eating habits, and improving resilience and sleep health.
Association of Body Mass Index with Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Authors: Czapla Michał , Surma Stanisław , Kwaśny Adrian , Lewandowski Łukasz
Published: July 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting up to 2% of the adult population worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with various cardiovascular diseases, understanding its role in HFrEF outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 425 patients admitted to the cardiology unit at the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between August 2018 and August 2020. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the interactions between BMI, sex, and comorbidities on in-hospital mortality. Significant interactions were found between sex and BMI as well as between BMI and post-stroke status, affecting in-hospital mortality. Specifically, increased BMI was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality in males (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94, p < 0.05) but higher odds in females (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98–1.42, p = 0.08). For patients without a history of stroke, increased BMI reduced mortality odds (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95, p < 0.01), whereas the effect was less pronounced in those with a history of stroke (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76–1.04, p = 0.12). In conclusion, the odds of in-hospital mortality decreased significantly with each 10% increase in BMI for males, whereas for females, a higher BMI was associated with increased odds of death. Additionally, BMI reduced in-hospital mortality odds more in patients without a history of cerebral stroke (CS) compared to those with a history of CS. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of observed outcomes and potential interactions with BMI and sex.
Identifying the Leading Sources of Saturated Fat and Added Sugar in U.S. Adults
Authors: Taylor Christopher A. , Madril Peter , Weiss Rick , Thomson Cynthia A. , Dunton Genevieve F. , Jospe Michelle R. , Richardson Kelli M. , Bedrick Edward J. , Schembre Susan M.
Published: July 2024

The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intakes of saturated fat and added sugars (SF/AS) to <10% total energy. Data-driven approaches to identify sources of SF/AS are needed to meet these goals. We propose using a population-based approach to identify the leading food and beverage sources of SF/AS consumed by US adults. Foods and beverages reported as consumed were assessed from two, 24 h dietary recalls (24HRDR) from 36,378 adults aged 19 years and older from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Intakes of SF/AS were aggregated across both 24HRDR to identify What We Eat in America food categories accounting for ≥90% of SF/AS, respectively, by the total population and within population subgroups. Data were weighted to estimate a nationally representative sample. Ninety-five discrete food categories accounted for ≥90% of the total SF/AS intakes for >88% of the representative sample of U.S. adults. The top sources of SF were cheese, pizza, ice cream, and eggs. The leading sources of AS were soft drinks, tea, fruit drinks, and cakes and pies. This analysis reflects a parsimonious approach to reliably identify foods and beverages that contribute to SF/AS intakes in U.S. adults.
mRNA Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis of Chickens Received Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Genotype VII Vaccines
Authors: Pandarangga Putri , Doan Phuong Thi Kim , Tearle Rick , Low Wai Yee , Ren Yan , Nguyen Hanh Thi Hong , Dharmayanti Niluh Indi , Hemmatzadeh Farhid
Published: July 2024

Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII (GVII) is becoming the predominant strain of NDV in the poultry industry. It causes high mortality even in vaccinated chickens with a common NDV genotype II vaccine (GII-vacc). To overcome this, the killed GVII vaccine has been used to prevent NDV outbreaks. However, the debate about vaccine differences remains ongoing. Hence, this study investigated the difference in chickens’ responses to the two vaccines at the molecular level. The spleen transcriptomes from vaccinated chickens reveal that GVII-vacc affected the immune response by downregulating neuroinflammation. It also enhanced a synaptogenesis pathway that operates typically in the nervous system, suggesting a mechanism for the neurotrophic effect of this strain. We speculated that the down-regulated immune system regulation correlated with protecting the nervous system from excess leukocytes and cytokine activity. In contrast, GII-vacc inhibited apoptosis by downregulating PERK/ATF4/CHOP as part of the unfolded protein response pathway but did not affect the expression of the same synaptogenesis pathway. Thus, the application of GVII-vacc needs to be considered in countries where GVII is the leading cause of NDV outbreaks. The predicted molecular signatures may also be used in developing new vaccines that trigger specific genes in the immune system in combating NDV outbreaks.
Evaluation of Four Humanized NOD-Derived Mouse Models for Dengue Virus-2 Infection
Authors: Gutierrez-Barbosa Hernando , Medina-Moreno Sandra , Perdomo-Celis Federico , Davis Harry , Chua Joel V. , Zapata Juan C.
Published: July 2024

Dengue is a significant public health problem with no specific viral treatment. One of the main challenges in studying dengue is the lack of adequate animal models recapitulating human immune responses. Most studies on humanized mice use NOD-scid IL2R gamma null (NSG) mice, which exhibit poor hematopoiesis for some cell populations. This study compares three humanized (hu) NOD-derived mouse models for dengue virus-2 (DENV-2) infection in the context of human cytokine expression. Three mouse strains (hu-NSG, hu-EXL, and hu-SGM3) received xenotransplants of human CD34+ fetal cord blood cells from a single donor, and one mouse strain received human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-SGM3-PBMCs). All models exhibited infectious viruses in blood confirmed by plaque assay, but mice expressing human cytokines showed higher viremia compared to conventional NSG mice. The hu-SGM3-PBMCs model developed lethal infections, showing a significant increase in viremia and clinical signs. A detectable human cytokine response was observed in all the DENV-2-infected humanized mouse models. In conclusion, humanized NOD-derived mouse models expressing human cytokines offer a relevant platform for the study of dengue pathogenesis and antiviral therapies.
L-Carnitine Ameliorates Amiodarone-Mediated Alveolar Damage: Oxidative Stress Parameters, Inflammatory Markers, Histological and Ultrastructural Insights
Authors: Dawood Samy A. , Asseri Ali Alsuheel , Shati Ayed A. , Eid Refaat A. , El-Gamal Basiouny , Zaki Mohamed Samir A.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to assess L-carnitine’s effects on adult male rats’ lung damage brought on by amiodarone, which is a potent antiarrhythmic with limited clinical efficacy due to potentially life-threatening amiodarone-induced lung damage. Because of the resemblance among the structural abnormalities in rats’ lungs that follows amiodarone medication and pulmonary toxicity in human beings, this animal model may be an appropriate example for this disease entity. Amiodarone produced pulmonary toxicity in twenty-four healthy male albino rats (150–180 g) over a period of 6 weeks. Four groups of six rats each were established: control, sham, amiodarone, and L-carnitine plus amiodarone. Histological, ultrastructural, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were determined during a 6-week exposure experiment. Amiodarone-induced lung damage in rats may be brought on due to oxidative stress producing significant pulmonary cytotoxicity, as evidenced by the disruption of the mitochondrial structure, severe fibrosis, and inflammatory response of the lung tissue. Lungs already exposed to such harmful effects may be partially protected by the antioxidant L-carnitine. Biochemical markers of lung damage brought on by amiodarone include lung tissue levels of the enzyme’s catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione. The levels of lipid peroxides in lung tissue measured as malondialdehyde increased significantly upon exposure to amiodarone. In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were significantly elevated in response to amiodarone. The effect of L-carnitine on amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity was studied in rats. It is interesting to note that the intake of L-carnitine in rats treated with amiodarone partially restored the biochemical and histopathological alterations brought on by amiodarone to their original levels. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels were significantly reduced upon L-carnitine exposure. These results suggest that L-carnitine can be used to treat amiodarone-induced pulmonary dysfunction.