bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Characterization of Gabapentin-Loaded Bigel For Transpinal Delivery to Brain
Authors: . Basavesh , D Manjula , KB Premakumari , J Josephine Leno Jenita
Published: July 2024

In this research, the focus was on the design and evaluation of novel two-phase systems known as bigels (BGs) for the transpinal (TS) drug delivery of gabapentin. BGs combine the advantages of hydrogels and organogels while mitigating the drawbacks of individual gels. The formulation involved preparing hydrogels and organogels using carbopol 940 in varying concentrations, which were later combined in a 1:1 ratio to produce BGs. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated the interaction between the drug and polymer was nil. The formulated BG formulations underwent comprehensive characterization, including assessments of physical appearance, pH, viscosity, swelling index, spreadability, drug content, in-vitro release, ex-vivo permeation, skin irritation, and antiepileptic activity. Formulation B5 emerged as the optimized formulation based on various evaluation parameters. Skin irritation studies demonstrated compatibility with the skin, showing no adverse reactions. In antiepileptic activity, rats receiving gabapentin BG via the TS route exhibited a significant reduction in convulsion duration compared to control groups that received BG without the drug or free drug solution orally. Conclusively, the study suggests that the developed BGs containing gabapentin, when applied through the TS route on the back of the neck, hold promise for reaching the brain effectively. This method presents a potential avenue for enhanced drug delivery in the control of epilepsy.
Lornoxicam Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Enriched Transdermal Gel: Development and Characterization
Authors: Aher Vaibhav Dagaji , V Rajesh , Chitti Renukaradhya , Reddy Boi Basanta Kumar
Published: July 2024

To develop antiinflammation and analgesic effects, scientists introduced lornoxicam (LRX) nanoemulsion, nanostructure lipid carriers, and solid lipid nanoparticles. After six months of testing at different temperatures, SLN, NLC, and NE were determined to be stable. The most prominent mechanism that was identified in case I was the diffusional release of drugs from nanoparticles and nanoemulsion, which is consistent with Fickian drug diffusion. After NE, NLC, and SLN, a gel formulation achieved the greatest rate of drug penetration via rat skin. When contrasted with the gel, nanoformulations considerably enhanced the drug’s penetration into the skin of rats. Therefore, SLN, NLC, and NE of LRX could be recommended for the relief of skin disorders characterized by inflammation and pain.
Design and Development of Simvastatin Loaded Liposomes
Authors: Desai Sujit , Manjappa Arehalli , Khulbe Preeti
Published: July 2024

Liposomes containing simvastatin were the focus of recent research. A process called thin film hydration was used to create simvastatin (SVN) liposomes. Method optimization was accomplished with the help of the BBD model. Drug content, vesicle size, surface shape, and in-vitro drug release were evaluated in the generated liposomes. There was no liposome that did not meet the criteria for appropriate drug content and mean vesicle size. Liposomes that did not combine and had a spherical or nearly spherical shape were seen in the surface morphology. The produced liposomes have demonstrated significant drug release. Liposomes loaded with SVN were successfully manufactured and tested.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Ayurvedic Nicotiana tobacum Formulation for Accelerated Wound-healing: An Experimental Study
Authors: Shastri Aarti , Swami Arti , Bhusari Sachin , Polshettiwar Satish
Published: July 2024

Background: The need for pharmacognostic-based compounds with various medicinal actions is increasing to address issues such as drug resistance, new diseases, and the toxicity of already utilized chemical compounds. The plant kingdom provides numerous bioactive molecules that have great promise to help solve these challenges, resulting in the rise of innovative solutions in the pharmaceutical sector. Ayurvedic preparations, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are considered a viable method due to their long history in herbal therapy and several medical advantages. Methods: The study aims to investigate the wound-healing properties of the tobacco plant. Tobacco leaves were utilized in the production of a traditional ayurveda formulation, which included mashi formulations such as anterdhum padhati mashi, bahirdhum padhati mashi, and muffle furnace mashi, in accordance with traditional ayurvedic methods. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of tobacco leaves were also produced. The effectiveness of these formulations in wound-healing was evaluated using an Excision model in mice. Results: The bahirdhum padhati mashi with methanolic discharge showed significantly greater wound-healing capacity compared to a standard medication formulation, as indicated by comparative study. Conclusion: Ultimately, the bahirdhum padhati mashi made from tobacco shows potential for healing wounds and could be a useful agent for wound-healing. The results of this experimental study suggest that ayurvedic formulations could be effective in treating wound-healing difficulties. Additional research and clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety, effectiveness, and possible use in wound treatment.
Investigating Bael Fruit Gum Powder as Natural Polymer for Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery
Authors: Mali Dipak P , Patil Dhanashri R , Sutar Ravina D , Gaikwad Dinanath T
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, the use of natural products is crucial in pharmaceuticals. Currently, natural products made with natural polymer offer various biomedical applications. The objective of the present research was to characterize the bael fruit gum (Aegle marmelos L.) as a natural polymer and investigate its potential in pharmaceutical drug delivery. Extraction of bael fruit gum was carried out by simple maceration technique. Further, the extract was subjected to different phytochemical analysis. The characterization part was studied with sophisticated techniques such as fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, swelling and viscosity behavior were estimated as per the reported methods. Phytochemical analysis confirms the existence of major secondary metabolites like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. FTIR results showed identical peaks of phytochemicals, which confirmed the presence of identical functional groups. XRD study indicates that extract nature is amorphous. The swelling behavior and viscosity study resulted in the rheological performance at an optimum and desired level. In conclusion, this research indicates the potential of bael fruit gum as a natural polymer for pharmaceutical applications, contributing to the discovery of new natural products and promoting their industrial use.
Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Estimation of Sildenafil Citrate in Swab Samples
Authors: Gaikwad Dushyant , Dhobale Gayatri , Kakade Rushikesh , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2024

Among the most significant issues with pharmaceutical production in shared facilities is the risk of cross-contamination, which lowers product quality and costs the business a lot of money. This work set out to evaluate a cleaning approach by creating and testing a straightforward UV spectrophotometric method for estimating sildenafil citrate in swab samples. To get a good recovery from a stainless steel surface utilising a sterile cotton swab stick, the swabbing technique was fine-tuned. A wavelength of 292.20 nm was chosen for detection. Linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, and quantification limit were the criteria used to validate the suggested approach. A correlation coefficient of 0.9993 was determined for the regression line after studying linearity throughout a concentration range of 5 to 25 μg/mL. An average of 88.23% was recovered.
Formulation and Characterization of Isoconazole Loaded Invasomal Gel for Effective Antifungal Activity
Authors: Chavan Dhananjay , Kumar Manish
Published: July 2024

The characterization of isoconazole invasomal gel formulations (IG1–IG5) aimed to evaluate their physical attributes, drug content, and drug release kinetics for topical application. All formulations exhibited transparency and smooth texture, indicating uniform drug dispersion. While IG1 had an easily pourable consistency, IG4 displayed very good consistency, suggesting viscosity differences. Despite these variations, all formulations showed good homogeneity and high drug content, with IG4 leading in drug content percentage. Spreadability and viscosity varied among formulations, influencing ease of application and adherence to the skin. Cumulative drug release profiles revealed sustained release over 12 hours, with notable differences in release rates and extents among formulations. IG4 exhibited the most sustained release, aligning with pharmacokinetic requirements for antifungal therapy. Its release profile followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism, with a high cumulative drug release percentage of 98.95 ± 0.32% over 12 hours. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was comparable to Isoconazole, suggesting IG4’s effectiveness in treating fungal infections. Stability studies confirmed the formulation’s stability under tested conditions, supporting its potential for further development and clinical use.
In-vivo Toxicity Profile of 2-Butyl-3-(3, 5-Diiodo-4-Hydroxybenzoyl) Benzofuran on Different Experimental Models
Authors: Akula Sowjanya , Kumar Gubbiya Shiva
Published: July 2024

The anti-cancer properties of 2-butyl-3-(3, 5-Diiodo-4-Hydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran have been determined in earlier in-vitro studies, but safety and efficacy still need to be resolved. This research investigates the acute oral toxicity of 2-butyl-3-(3, 5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran on female Wistar rats, zebrafish, and brine shrimp. The present study was conducted on rats to evaluate the compound acute oral toxicity, following the protocols established by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423. After 14 days of duration, histopathological changes were observed in the liver and heart of animals that received a dosage of 2,000 mg/kg. The compound was tested at a limit test concentration of 100 mg/L in zebrafish for period of 96 hours. During this time, sub-lethal clinical signs and mortalities were observed at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Brine shrimps were exposed to various concentrations for 24 hours to evaluate their cytotoxicity and calculate the percentage of mortality. Histopathological changes are primarily observed in the liver (multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes), heart (myocardial inflammation) and lung (low alveolar/interstitial inflammation). There are no recordings of mortalities at 300 and 2,000 mg/kg treated rats. Behavioral patterns remained unchanged, whereas food intake and body weight decreased significantly. The oral administration of the test chemical to rats would result in an LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/kg, ranking it in the fifth category of the GHS. The LC50 (322.96 μg/mL) for the brine shrimp lethality assay was calculated using a plotted graph. The test compound’s LC50 value in the zebrafish model would be higher than 100 mg/L. The acute toxicity profile of 2-butyl-3-(3, 5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran has been demonstrated using rodents, zebrafish, and brine shrimp lethality assay. This study will guide subsequent chronic toxicological assessments.
Biosynthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles PlNPs by Bacterial Strain Rhodococcus erythropolis
Authors: Pal Prabir Kumar , Choudhary Naveen Kumar
Published: July 2024

The biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PlNPs) using the bacterial strain Rhodococcus erythropolis offers a greener alternative to conventional chemical and physical synthesis methods. This study explores the potential of R. erythropolis to produce PlNPs by leveraging its biological machinery to reduce platinum ions and stabilize the resulting nanoparticles. The biosynthesis was conducted under varying conditions of pH, temperature, and sodium platinite concentrations to optimize yield and particle characteristics. The nanoparticles were characterized. The outcome reflects that PlNPs exhibit distinct size-dependent optical properties and crystallinity, with extracellular proteins from R. erythropolis playing a crucial role in nanoparticle stabilization. The optimized biosynthesis process produced PlNPs with high colloidal stability and significant potential for applications in catalysis and environmental remediation. This study advances the understanding of microbial nanoparticle production, highlighting a sustainable pathway for the synthesis of biocompatible and catalytically active platinum nanoparticles.
Development of Unique Pyrazoline Analogues for Screening Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Studies
Authors: Basakand Susmita , K Ishwar Bhat
Published: July 2024

Cancer is a major threat to human society in the world, which results in a maximum probability of death. In the present scenario, chemotherapy is the main cancer treatment, but still, it has its limitations. Hence, cytotoxic and chemotherapy medicines are the main focus of research for medicinal chemists. So, it is the need of the hour to explore the possibility of effective and safe anticancer drugs. The current research involves the synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives (PYR1-PYR8), which are novel cytotoxic agents developed from recently formulated chalcones (CHL1-CHL8). Title compounds were prepared by subjecting the chalcones with by hydrazine hydrate in ethanolic acetic acid. The purified synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectroscopic evaluation. Using in-vitro models, cytotoxicity evaluations were conducted on cell lines associated with lung cancer by MTT and SRB methods using doxorubicin as standard, which revealed differing levels of cytotoxic effects among the compounds. The egg albumin denaturation and protein denaturation methods were used to access in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Compound PYR4 and PYR6 showed significant anti-inflammatory efficacy in relation to diclofenac sodium as the reference drug. Compound PYR3, PYR4, and PYR6 displayed noteworthy anticancer activity matched to doxorubicin, which is a reference drug. The current research asserts that the newly developed pyrazoline derivatives exhibit high levels of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects. However, their preclinical and clinical significance needs a thorough evaluation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Soap Containing Extracts of Various Ethnomedicines
Authors: Wankhade Shubham , Bhise Manish , Shinde Manoj , Suryawanshi Jayprakash , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2024

The herbal soap’s formulation includes neem leaf; all herbal ingredients are easily obtained from the local herbal market. Use of cosmetics is part of caring for the skin and other body parts due to the damaging effects of modern pollution and UV rays on human health; aloe plants produce a material used in cosmetic goods to treat burns, psoriasis, acne, and other skin disorders; preparation of herbal soap is a medication or therapy with therapeutic benefits for the skin, including antibacterial and antifungal qualities; the raw material used to make soap has a number of properties that make it a good medicinal or cosmetic. The plant used to manufacture soap has properties that can help eliminate acne, soften the skin’s epidermis, increase penetration, and hasten healing and resolution. Natural remedies like aloe vera are used to both prevent and cure a range of skin conditions. The medicinal properties of aloe vera soap include antiseptic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. The aloe vera plant features tubular yellow blossoms, many-seeded fruits, and triangular, fleshy leaves with serrated edges. Each leaf consists of three layers: an inner, transparent gel that contains 99% water and glucomannans, amino acids, lipids, sterols, and vitamins in the remaining 2%. The intermediate layer of latex is composed of a bitter-yellow sap. Neem provides additional medicinal benefits. Studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-ulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties of neem and its chemical components. Tulsi provides many skin-benefiting qualities, such as beep-clean skin. Turmeric and vitamin C are also used to help tone the skin when treating breakouts. Homegrown cleaning solutions with medicinal or sedative qualities, such as antimicrobial and antifungal qualities, can benefit the skin. The rough material used in the cleanser formulation has multiple prescription drugs or cosmetics attached to it. The plant used in cleanser formulations has the ability to smooth out skin imperfections, enhance skin texture, prevent breakouts, and hasten healing and resolution.
Repurposing Existing FDA-Approved Medications by Virtual Screening for Combatting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
Authors: Jagtap Vaibhav Kumar , Baste Nayana , Shinde Manoj , Suryawanshi Jayprakash
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notorious pathogen, poses significant challenges due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study aims to identify potential FDA-approved drugs that could be repurposed to combat P. aeruginosa infections through virtual screening. The target protein, DNA gyrase B 24kDa ATPase subdomain (PDB ID: 7PTF), was refined using PDBREDO, improving geometric parameters despite a slight increase in R and R-free values. The virtual screening revealed several promising candidates with high binding affinities, including acetyldigitoxin (-9.9), digoxin (-9.5), digitoxin (-9.4), posaconazole (-9.3), venetoclax (-8.8), and itraconazole (-8.7). These top hits, primarily comprising cardiac glycosides and antifungal agents, exhibited large molecular weights, numerous hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and significant molecular flexibility. The findings suggest potential repurposing opportunities for these drugs in treating P. aeruginosa infections, warranting further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations to validate their antimicrobial efficacy.
Formulation, Optimisation and Evaluation of Levodopa and Entacapone Loaded Transdermal Patches for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ghodke Akanksha , Taose Surabhi , Rathore Priyanka , Joshi Neha , Panwar Aakash Singh
Published: July 2024

Parkinson’s disease is an extrapyramidal motor disorder leading to progressive degeneration of neurons in substantia niagra, pars compacta and the dopaminergic tract. The most promising drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease, i.e., levodopa and entacapoe have very low oral bioavailability because of first-pass metabolism, therefore to increase the bioavailability of levodopa and entacapone, these were incorporated in transdermal patches. Different formulations of the levodopa and entacapone drugs were prepared with different polymeric ratios, by using the solvent casting method and the formulations were evaluated for in-vitro and in-vivo tests, which focus on drug release and drug excipient compatibilities. Various models were applied to ascertain the kinetics of drug release by using in-vitro release data. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated out of which F6 was found to be the best formulation, which contained HPMC and ethyl cellulose in the ratio of 2:3. It showed drug release of 99.11% in about 12 hours.
Preparation and Evaluation of Ficus racemosa Extract Transdermal Gel for Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity
Authors: Sharma Monika , Gupta Jyoti , Singh Prabhjot
Published: July 2024

Background: Ficus racemosa (FR) belongs to the Moraceae family having different pharmacological activities. The primary aim of the researchers was to examine how varying polymer concentrations affect the outcome, additionally nature of penetration enhancers on microbial growth inhibition, and the protein denaturation inhibition capability of F. racemosa extract (FRE). Method: FRE has been prepared by a simple maceration process. By performing an antimicrobial assay procedure and in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition method, the antimicrobial and protein denaturation capability of the extract has been confirmed. Furthermore, 12 formulations of transdermal gel were developed with polymer (carbopol 934), which was used at non-identical concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5%) along with three dissimilar kinds of penetration enhancers, i.e., Tween 80, oleic acid, thioglycolic acid at the same concentration (1%). Transdermal gels have been prepared by a dispersion method & evaluated by physical parameters, viscosity, spreadability, pH, skin irritation, drug content, and in-vitro study with Franz diffusion cell. Result: Formulation B3 showed the best results, having a polymer concentration of 1.5% and Tween 80 as a penetration enhancer.
A Review on Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin from Curcuma longa L. Rhizomes
Authors: N Udayakumar , K Reefa Fathima , PS Umme Hani , N Mounika
Published: July 2024

This study focused on investigating the phytochemical composition and evaluating the antioxidant capability of an extract obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Preliminary screening tests revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic substances, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and fixed oils/fatty acids in the methanolic rhizome extract. The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed using the widely employed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The findings indicated a concentration-dependent enhancement in radical scavenging activity, reaching a maximum of around 81% at the highest concentration evaluated (3 mL). The remarkable antioxidant capacity can be attributed to the unique structural features of curcumin, the principal bioactive compound present, which contains methoxy, phenoxy, and carbon-carbon double bonds that enable efficient neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, curcumin has been reported to modulate the activity of transcription factors like Nrf2, thereby upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and bolstering the body’s defense against oxidative stress. These findings offer empirical support for the historical use of C. longa and underscore the diverse potential uses of curcumin as a natural antioxidant across different sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics
Current Updates on the Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin
Authors: C Sowmya , V Thirumal , S Preetika , A Epsiba
Published: July 2024

Diosgenin (DG) is a naturally occurring steroid saponin that can be obtained from several plants. A lot of the artificial steroidal drugs that are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry come from diosgenin for the treatment of various disease conditions. DG has various intriguing pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious capabilities. Apart from its health advantages, DG is challenging to utilize in therapeutic applications due to its poor water solubility, bioavailability, and rapid physiological change. The DG nanotechnology for medicine formulations has been tested as a possible therapy for a variety of disorders employing a broad range of ex-vivo, in-vitro, and in-vivo models and delivery methods. Based on this analysis, it is possible to infer that DG is a viable therapeutic alternative for the management of numerous ailments, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological conditions, inflammatory diseases, and skin conditions.
Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Therapy: Unleashing the Potential of Phytosomal Nanoparticles
Authors: Gole Hitesha , Bhange MS  Manjusha , Rathod Gunjan , Mahurkar Heena , Kubde Gaurav
Published: July 2024

Unleashing the potential of phytosomal nanoparticles in brain tumor therapy. This article discusses the transforming potential of phytosomal nanoparticles in the fight against brain tumors, delving into this novel field. When the complex problems of traditional medicine are considered, the special qualities of phytosomal nanoparticles show great potential. Because of the nanoparticles’ ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it is possible to transport drugs specifically to the brain, which solves a long-standing issue with current treatments. This accuracy reduces off-target effects, providing a crucial therapeutic benefit in a sensitive brain environment. Phytosomal formulations are further distinguished by their lower toxicity and biocompatibility, which establishes them as a safer substitute for several traditional medicines. These natural compound-based nanoparticles fit in with the medical paradigm shift towards personalized and integrative care. The versatility of phytosomal formulations opens up new avenues for personalized medicine in the treatment of brain tumors by enabling customized approaches based on the molecular profiles of individual tumors.Phytosomal nanoparticles provide a unique combination of natural pharmacopeia and state-of-the-art nanotechnology, which presents opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches beyond their clinical usefulness. The consequences could change the way brain tumors are treated as research and clinical trials are conducted. In order to overcome obstacles related to scalability, legal frameworks, and long-term safety assessments, cooperation between researchers, physicians, and legislators is essential. The full potential of phytosomal nanoparticles in the fight against brain tumors will be realized through ongoing research into how they might work in concert with current therapies and the creation of evidence-based guidelines. This article essentially presents a paradigm shift that will have a significant impact on cancer therapy in the future. It is the result of the convergence of innovative ideas inspired by nature with state-of-the-art nanotechnology.
From Gut to Brain: Targeting Probiotics in Neurodegenerative Health
Authors: Sanidhya Jain , Avijit Mazumder , Saumya Das
Published: July 2024

Probiotics have evolved from a dynamic and living culture that enhances the composition of the GI tract microbiota to encompass more specific benefits, notably the immunomodulatory ability of well-defined strains. The most prevalent sources of beneficial strains, or potential probiotics, are commonly found within the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, and certain strains among them possess remarkable capabilities in reducing inflammation, preventing ulcers, alleviating diarrhea, and even combating autism. Recent evidence further emphasizes the essential part of GI microbiome dysbiosis in neurodegenerative disorders. These conditions may manifest through the intricate network of interconnections amongst the microbiota, gut, and brain, facilitating bidirectional transmission via pathways involving neuroimmune responses, neuroendocrine signaling, and direct neural connections like the vagus nerve. The present focus of probiotic research aims to provide suitable and secure bacterial stimulation to counteract abnormal immune reactions linked to allergic inflammation and various neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, additional careful scientific efforts are essential to completely clarify the immune-modulating potential of certain probiotic types regarding these particular goals.
An In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Vitis vinifera Leaf Extract
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Sharma Amit , . Pragi , Kumar Varun
Published: July 2024

Background: Vitis vinifera (Flame red grape) is known for its hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and cardioprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts has been reported but, due to presence of polyphenols, glycosides, saponins and alkaloid, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity yet not to evaluated on salad plant and bacteria, respectively. Aim: This research examined grape (V. vinifera flaming red) leaf ethanolic extract (EE) as a bioactive resource. Methods: Ethanolic extract test, primarily to calculate the overall phenolic content by using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique and gallic acid taking as a reference. Similarly, flavonoid content measured using quercetin as a calibration curve. Antioxidant properties was confirmed by getting positive responses from different methods (DPPH, H2O2, FRAP and Phospho-Molybdenum). Antimicrobial activity tested against gram-positive bacteria (Lactobacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus enterica ser. Typhimurium) in a broth microdilution test. The ethanolic extract (EE) are rich in antioxidant-rich phenolic compounds show minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for every given bacterium on beetroot and spinach leaves. Results: We investigate this extract’s total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties. We also identify its main phenolic components, revealing its phytochemical diversity. We found that the EE had 39.29 gGAkg-1 dw of phenol and 96.05 gQE kg-1 dw of flavonoids. The EE scavenges DPPH, H2O2, FRAP, and PM radicals at 142, 168, 275, and 172 g TE kg-1, respectively. We reveal the complex character of this extract by revealing catechins, flavonoids, tannins, malic acid, enzymes, resveratrol, phenolic acids, flavonols, procyanidins, and anthocyanins. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus are all inhibited by EE with a MIC range of 16 to 18 gL-1 (E. coli). The extract affects bacterial growth at different stages. The EE reduces spinach and beetroot leaf total bacterial load by 1.159 to 2.456 log drop when used as a sanitizer at 25 gL-1 (1.156–2.858 log reduction). Conclusion: This research work highlights grape leaf EE as a novel and appealing source of bioactive components with its strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities against common foodborne infectious agents. Our research reveals that leaf ethanolic extract could reduce human pathogenic microorganisms in fresh green vegetables, improving food safety.
Ethnobotanical Exploration and Formulation Development of Cream Containing Ammi majus Linn and Portulaca oleracea Linn
Authors: Shinde Swapnil , Mohite Shrinivas
Published: July 2024

Stearic acid served as the emulsifier in the preparation of an O/W emulsion-based cream that also included oil-soluble components and water-based extracts of Ammi majus Linn and Portulaca oleracea Linn. The cream was evaluated for color, appearance, presence of foreign particles/grittiness, pH, viscosity, phase separation, and extrudability. A skin irritation study was conducted on Wistar rats, with intact skin and hair removed three days earlier experiment. Cream-containing extracts were applied to test animals, and the backs of animals were scrutinized for erythema and edema. To study psoriatic skin cells in-vitro, researchers used the HaCaT cell line. Researchers also used the SRB assay to look for antipsoriatic effects in-vitro. Cultures of human keratinocyte cell lines HaCaT were carried out in a medium that included 10% fetal bovine serum and was otherwise identical to Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium. In order to reach a concentration of 10%, 25 μL of 50% TCA was added to each well after 72 hours, creating a thin layer of ended drug dilutions. Phytochemical evaluation revealed that the extracts of A. majus Linn and P. oleracea Linn were soluble in water and had a yellowish solid color. The cream formulation showed good emulsionability, no foreign particles or grittiness, and no phase separation. The skin irritation test on Swiss albino rats showed that the standard drug (Retino A 0.05% cream) was free from irritation. The cream’s acceptability for topical use was also observed.
Investigation of Phytochemical Composition and In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Canthium parviflorum Leaf Extract
Authors: S Kalaivanan , R Srinivasan
Published: July 2024

This study provides a thorough investigation of Canthium parviflorum leaves, integrating macroscopical, phytochemical, and in-vitro antioxidant analyses to unveil the plant’s therapeutic potential. The preliminary phytochemical analysis identifies a diverse array of bioactive compounds in C. parviflorum, encompassing alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, gum, and mucilage, known for their potential pharmacological activities. Physico-chemical parameters characterize the leaves, with a moisture content of 6.9% w/w indicating water content and ash values providing insights into the inorganic composition. The hydroalcohol extract exhibits an extraction efficiency of 26.91%, emphasizing the success of the extraction process. The focus extends to the quantification of phenolic and flavonoid content in the hydroalcoholic extract. The substantial phenolic content at 76.13 mg GAE/gm suggests antioxidant potential, and the quantified flavonoid content of 4.95 mg quercetin equivalents per gram extract further underscores the presence of bioactive compounds. The study seamlessly integrates in-vitro antioxidant analyses, revealing concentration-dependent scavenging activities against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. These findings support the plant’s potential therapeutic applications, emphasizing its antioxidant capabilities. The comprehensive exploration of C. parviflorum’s macroscopical and microscopical features, phytochemical composition, and in-vitro antioxidant properties contributes to a robust foundation for its potential integration into herbal medicine. The identification of bioactive compounds underscores its significance as a valuable natural resource. In conclusion, this study not only enriches our understanding of C. parviflorum but also paves the way for future investigations into its medicinal applications, fostering advancements in herbal medicine and natural product research.
Discovery of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase for Melanoma Using Melphalan Based Hybrid Classic 3-Point Pharmacophore Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Tajane Pravin , Deshmukh Swapnil , Lunkad Amit , Tare Manoj , Bhise Manish
Published: July 2024

Melanoma, a highly aggressive type of skin cancer, poses a significant health risk due to its proclivity for metastasis and poor response to conventional treatments. Mutations in the MEPK are one of the key molecular alterations driving melanoma progression, resulting in constitutive activation of the MAP2K signaling pathway. Targeting this pathway, specifically the MAP2K, has emerged as a promising approach to melanoma treatment. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Mitogen-activated protein kinase, which are compounds designed to inhibit the abnormal activity of mutated MEK, disrupting the oncogenic signaling cascade and stopping melanoma progression. The ChEMBL 2D database was used to conduct a comprehensive pharmacophore-based screening to identify potential mitogen-activated protein kinase with the desired molecular properties. Afterwards the initial screening, selected compounds underwent rigorous molecular docking studies to verify their binding affinity and interaction patterns with the MAP2K substance. Among the compounds tested, CHEMBL852 (Melphalan), CHEMBL250892(R)-Melphalan and CHEMBL1200863 (Metyrosine) had particularly high binding affinities, indicating potential efficacy as mitogen-activated protein kinase. Toxicity tests were carried out to assess the safety profiles of these compounds. Notably, metyrosine had a favorable toxicity profile across multiple endpoints, including hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and cytotoxicity, indicating its potential as a safer therapeutic candidate. Metyrosine pharmacokinetics were further evaluated using ADME studies, which demonstrated its high water solubility and moderate lipophilicity, indicating favorable drug-like properties. These findings suggest that metyrosine may have higher bioavailability and fewer side effects than other potential inhibitors. Subsequently, this study identifies promising lead compounds, specifically metyrosineas, potential candidates for the research and development of novel mitogen-activated protein kinase for melanoma therapy. These compounds require additional experimental validation, optimization, and preclinical research to determine their therapeutic efficacy, safety, and potential for clinical application. This study highlights the importance of targeted therapies in the growing melanoma treatment landscape, paving the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
Hepatoprotective Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Actinidia deliciosa Fruit Peel Extract Phytocompounds
Authors: Reddy V NVL Suvarchala , Raju M Ganga , Mamatha M , Madhuri M Lakshmi
Published: July 2024

In the case of liver illnesses, herbal treatment offers a non-invasive, all-natural alternative to conventional medicine. Methanolic extract of the peel of Actinidia deliciosa was screened for its hepatoprotective in rodent models with antioxidant activity in-vitro H2O2 radical with hydroxyl radical scavenging assay was also used to assess the extract’s antioxidant potential. The gold standard was ascorbic acid. Various phytochemical constituents were identified, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. In-vivo, hepatoprotective activity was performed by using paracetamol (3 g/kg)and ethanol (12 mL/kg) induced hepatotoxicity models. Total protein and albumin levels were raised, while SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol, and bilirubin were dramatically lowered. The extract effectively mopped up the harmful free radicals. However, a histological examination was also conducted in our investigation to determine the specifics of the damage caused by the hepatotoxic chemical and the plant’s potential to repair the hepatic structure. Several investigations have also shown that hepatoprotection is directly linked to antioxidant capacity. Molecular docking experiments investigated interactions with the active site of CYP450 2E1. By decreasing its expression, CYP2E1 prevents APAP bioactivation, decreasing NAPQI and protecting glutathione (GSH) levels. From the results, it is clear that to methanolic extract of A. deliciosa possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.
Sickle Cell Anemia – A Societal and Clinical Challenge in a Wardha City
Authors: Chaudhari Khushi S , Dhapkas Mayur P , Ingle Rahul G
Published: July 2024

Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder that poses significant clinical and societal challenges, predominantly affecting individuals globally. Clinically, it is marked by severe pain episodes, organ damage, heightened infection risk, and limited treatment options. These complications necessitate comprehensive, ongoing medical care. Societal challenges include healthcare disparities, stigma, psychosocial impacts, and barriers to education and employment. Addressing these issues in Wardha city requires improving access to specialized care, enhancing public awareness, investing in research for new treatments, and providing robust support systems for patients and caregivers. A multifaceted approach involving healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and communities is essential to effectively manage and mitigate the impacts of this debilitating disease..
Revolutionizing HIV Treatment: Pioneering Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography for Emtricitabine, Dolutegravir, and Tenofovir Tablet Validation
Authors: Babu A Venkata Suresh , HK Sharma HK
Published: July 2024

An uncomplicated and precise method has come into existence for the simultaneous quantification of emtricitabine, dolutegravir, and tenofovir in solid dosage forms. The chromatographic analysis utilized a Hibar100 column (50×2.1 mm, 2 μm) with a mobile phase of 0.1% OPA and acetonitrile in a 60:40 v/v ratio at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, maintaining a temperature of 30°C. The perfected wavelength at 260.0 nm revealed retention times of 1.951, 1.180, and 1.584 minutes for dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, respectively.
Development and Validation of HPTLC for the Determination of Gefitinib HCl in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: KB Premakumari , B Meenashi Vanathi , V Ezhilarasan , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2024

A simple, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method of gefitinib HCl in pharmaceutical formulation was developed. Separation was done on TLC aluminum plates precoated by silica gel 60GF254 (20 × 20 cm) with 200 μm layer depth. With UV detection set to 254nm, chromatography was conceded out by the mobile phase of dichloromethane and methanol (9:1, v/v). Linearity was found to range of 50 to 300 ng/spot and, the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.99 and the Rf value was found to be 0.46. The system’s suitability was considered to ascertain the performance of ascertaining quality performance of the developed chromatographic method. The method’s accuracy, precision, and specificity were all verified against the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) standards. Application of the approach to the determination of gefitinib in tablet form was successful.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Achyranthes aspera in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Investigation into its Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Mrutyunjaya Satpathy , Vipin Saini , Sumeet Gupta
Published: July 2024

This study examines the likely activity of Achyranthes aspera in the improvement of wound mending. A carrageenan-prompted intense provocative model was utilized to prompt irritation, and an extraction wound model was utilized to make wounds in rodents. Chronic administration of different extracts of A. aspera, counting ACAQ (extract aqueous at 200 and 400 mg/kg) and ACME (methyl extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg), initiated for a time of 14 days following injury creation. The application of various extracts of A. aspera was observed to have a moderating impact on inflammation and oxidative stress as well as a considerable ameliorating effect on wound healing. Medicinal herbs used for wound healing and skin illnesses are crucial to opening the doors to countering resistance of infections to medicines and allopathic management. Results of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing tests endorse the use of A. aspera for dermatological and wound healing purposes, indicating the necessity for additional studies to identify and isolate its active compounds. As demonstrated in carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory and excision wound models, A. aspera may, therefore, contribute to the ongoing injuries by diminishing oxidative pressure and incendiary cytokines.
Development and Assessment of Phytosomes for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Tiwari Gaurav , Rao Desu Brahma Srinivasa , Singh Gurinderdeep , Rao N G Raghavendra
Published: July 2024

Phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have gained attention for their potential in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Polycystic ovaries, unpredictable menstrual cycles, and hormonal imbalances are the hallmarks of PCOS, a frequent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The main aim is to prepare and evaluate phytosomes for the treatment of PCOS. The materials used were Guggul from Commiphora mukul, berberine from Berberis vulgaris and green tea from Camellia sinensis. All the phytosomal formulations are prepared in ratios and further evaluated. Phytosomal screening confirms the presence of required phytosomes like alkaloids, tannins and saponins that are effective in treating PCOS. Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) evaluation was performed and ex-vivo and sub-acute toxicity evaluation confirm that formulation, PY4: Soy lecithin at a 3:1 extract ratio exhibited a greater release profile without any harm. As per the findings of this study, employing optimized phytosome-based medication delivery as bio-enhancers may enhance the bioavailability of herbal extract.
High Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Mefenamic Acid in Rat Plasma by Protein Precipitation Technique Using 96 Well Plate Format
Authors: Prakash Tummuru Bhanu , Pawar A Krishnamanjari , Madhuri Beeram Geetha
Published: July 2024

An advanced and validated high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach has been established to accurately determine the concentration of mefenamic acid in rat plasma. This method utilizes mefenamic acid D4 as the internal standard (ISTD). The analyte and ISTD underwent protein precipitation in a 96-well plate format and were then separated on a BDS Hypersil C8 column (3 μm, 100 x 4.6 mm) using a precise isocratic mobile phase of 2 mM ammonium formate by 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (30:70 v/v). The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing positive ionization consideration. The approach demonstrated a concentration range of 20.659 to 20067.772 ng/mL, thru relative regaining reaching from 69.1 to 74.3%. The inter-batch precision was excellent, with a coefficient of variation (%CV) of ≤ 7.8%. Additionally, the inter-batch accuracy at four different quality control-points ranged from 97.0 to 100.4%, demonstrating high levels of accuracy. This method has been thoroughly validated and is extremely specific, accurate, and precise. It is perfectly suited for high-throughput investigation of mefenamic acid in rat plasma, making it ideal for routine analysis.
A Study on In-vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula
Authors: R Azmathullah , P Dhanalakshmi , D Gokul , V Sudhakar
Published: July 2024

During ancient times, naturally occurring herbs were a remedy for various ailments in the human body. The deciduous trees of Terminalia species are native to south Asia to southeast China, known as black-chebulic myrobalan. Parts of Terminalia chebula are comprehensively used as medicinal properties. Antioxidants play a noteworthy role by hindering the oxidation reaction, which prompts neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities originate from plants. T. chebula has lavish phytochemical properties such as tannins, flavones, essential oils, and phenolic compounds, which give rise to countless possessions like anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. The antioxidative capacity of T. chebula fruit aqueous extracts have been assessed using the DPPH scrutiny. The purpose of the study is to get an aqueous extract of T. chebula that contains anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. The concentrations were measured by using absorbance at wavelength 517 nm. The aqueous extracts of T. chebula fruits were considered with a 10 to 50 mL range (5 concentrations). Using %inhibition, 55% at the lowest concentration (10 μL) and 84% at high concentration (50 μL) shows antioxidant activity. The active extracts of T. chebula fruits demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of using BSA as a reagent. This assay measured the activity using 5 concentrations (10–50 mL). 75% at 10 μL and 90% at 50 μL concentration attained the anti-inflammatory activity. The study exhibits that the higher the concentration, the higher the activity. The extraction of these active compounds has active principles and novel research activities on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties..