bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity among Latina immigrant and Mexican mothers living in the US and Mexico: A qualitative study
Authors: Pérez-Flores Nancy Jacquelyn , Pineros-Leano María , Damian Katherine , Toney Ashley M. , Aguayo Liliana
Published: August 2023

Latina immigrant women are among the least physically active when compared with women in other racial/ethnic groups in the US. Similarly, Mexican mothers in Mexico have low rates of physical activity. Motherhood and immigration experiences are recognized barriers to engage in physical activity among Latina immigrant mothers. Less is known about the factors that promote and limit physical activity engagement among Mexican mothers in Mexico, and how their experiences compare with their immigrant counterparts. This transnational qualitative study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of physical activity of 25 Latina mothers in Mexico and the US. Low-income Mexican mothers of kindergarten aged children and Latino mothers of similar aged children were recruited in San Luis Potosí, Mexico and central Illinois, US. Semi-structured interviews were administered by two bilingual and bicultural researchers in participants language of preference. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic network approach and multi-stage coding analysis guided by the Socio-Ecological Model framework. We found that at the macro-level: 1) familial obligations, and 2) cold weather after migrating; at the mezzo-level: 1) changes in walking patterns, and 2) social cohesion (e.g., lack of an invitation to engage in activities); and at the micro-level: 1) individual perceptions, particularly unattainable perceptions of physical activity and 2) shift exhaustion were perceived as barriers and occasionally facilitators of physical activity by mothers in both countries. Context-specific interventions are needed to increase women’s physical activity levels in the US and Mexico.
Descending interneurons of the stick insect connecting brain neuropiles with the prothoracic ganglion
Authors: Goldammer Jens , Büschges Ansgar , Dürr Volker
Published: August 2023

Stick insects respond to visual or tactile stimuli with whole-body turning or directed reach-to-grasp movements. Such sensory-induced turning and reaching behaviour requires interneurons to convey information from sensory neuropils of the head ganglia to motor neuropils of the thoracic ganglia. To date, descending interneurons are largely unknown in stick insects. In particular, it is unclear whether the special role of the front legs in sensory-induced turning and reaching has a neuroanatomical correlate in terms of descending interneuron numbers. Here, we describe the population of descending interneurons with somata in the brain or gnathal ganglion in the stick insect Carausius morosus, providing a first map of soma cluster counts and locations. By comparison of interneuron populations with projections to the pro- and mesothoracic ganglia, we then estimate the fraction of descending interneurons that terminate in the prothoracic ganglion. With regard to short-latency, touch-mediated reach-to-grasp movements, we also locate likely sites of synaptic interactions between antennal proprioceptive afferents to the deutocerebrum and gnathal ganglion with descending or ascending interneuron fibres. To this end, we combine fluorescent dye stainings of thoracic connectives with stainings of antennal hair field sensilla. Backfills of neck connectives revealed up to 410 descending interneuron somata (brain: 205 in 19 clusters; gnathal ganglion: 205). In comparison, backfills of the prothorax-mesothorax connectives stained only up to 173 somata (brain: 83 in 16 clusters; gnathal ganglion: 90), suggesting that up to 60% of all descending interneurons may terminate in the prothoracic ganglion (estimated upper bound). Double stainings of connectives and antennal hair field sensilla revealed that ascending or descending fibres arborise in close proximity of afferent terminals in the deutocerebrum and in the middle part of the gnathal ganglia. We conclude that two cephalothoracic pathways may convey cues about antennal movement and pointing direction to thoracic motor centres via two synapses only.
Use of preferred contraceptive method among young adults in Texas and California: A comparison by state and insurance coverage
Authors: Hopkins Kristine , Yarger Jennifer , Rossetto Irene , Sanchez Audrey , Brown Elisa , Elmes Sarah , Mantaro Thaddeus , White Kari , Harper Cynthia C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Young people’s ability to use their preferred contraceptive method is an indicator of reproductive autonomy and healthcare access. State policies can hinder or facilitate access to a preferred contraceptive method.

Objective

This study compared use of preferred contraceptive method in Texas and California, states with contrasting health policy contexts that impact health insurance coverage and access to subsidized family planning services.

Methods

We used baseline survey data from an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial of sexually active students, assigned female at birth, ages 18–25, at 29 community colleges in Texas and California (N = 1,974). We described contraceptive preferences and use, as well as reasons for nonuse of a preferred method. We conducted multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects logistic regression analyses for clustered data, and then calculated the predicted probability of using a preferred contraceptive method in Texas and California by insurance status.

Results

More Texas participants were uninsured than Californians (30% vs. 8%, p<0.001). Thirty-six percent of Texas participants were using their preferred contraceptive method compared to 51% of Californians. After multivariable adjustments, Texas participants had lower odds of using their preferred method (adjusted odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.81) compared to those in California. Texas participants in all insurance categories had a lower predicted probability of preferred method use compared to California participants. In Texas, we found a 12.1 percentage-point difference in the predicted probability of preferred method use between the uninsured (27.5%) and insured (39.6%) (p<0.001). Texans reported financial barriers to using their preferred method more often than Californians (36.7% vs. 19.2%, p<0.001) as did the uninsured compared to the insured (50.9% vs. 18.7%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

These findings present new evidence that state of residence plays an important role in young people’s ability to realize their contraceptive preference. Young people in Texas, with lower insurance coverage and more limited access to safety net programs for contraceptive care than in California, have lower use of preferred contraception. It has become urgent in states with abortion bans to support young people’s access to their preferred methods.
Reduced reward responsiveness in treatment resistant depression of middle-aged adults: Association with carotid artery stiffness and tetrahydrobiopterin
Authors: Barhwal Kalpana K. , Parida Barsha , Pattnaik Jigyansa , Rowlo Praveen , Mahakud Sudipta , Patra Suravi , Rao Bodepudi N. , Mahapatra Bidhubhusan
Published: August 2023

Nearly one third of the population diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to respond to two or more antidepressant drugs of adequate dose and duration. This necessitates identification of confounding psychological and physiological factors that could contribute to treatment resistant depression (TRD). The present longitudinal study investigated the influence of behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and behavioural approach system (BAS) in treatment resistance. Further, the association of depression severity with physiological factors contributing to arterial stiffness was also investigated. Baseline data was acquired from 101 middle-aged (36–56 years) patients on immediate diagnosis with MDD using DSM-V criteria. Follow ups were conducted at 06 months and 12 months during treatment. Psychological assessment battery at baseline and follow ups comprised of Hamilton depression rating (HAM-D) for depression severity, WHODAS-2 and BIS-BAS score. Atherosclerosis and central arterial stiffness were measured by intima-media thickness of internal carotid artery and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Physiological factors influencing central vascular function viz., body-mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and tetrahydrobiopterin were also investigated. Our results show lower reward responsiveness (BAS-RR) and higher BIS scores in TRD patients along with differentially higher intima-media thickness of left internal carotid artery. Higher depression severity at all stages of the study was correlated with lower tetrahydrobiopterin and BAS-RR scores. We, therefore, suggest that vascular depression resulting due to increased intima-media thickness of left carotid artery and lower tetrahydrobiopterin could be contributing factors for treatment resistance in middle-aged MDD patients.
cis-Decalin-containing tetramic acids as inhibitors of insect steroidogenic glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo
Authors: Kato Naoki , Ebihara Kana , Nogawa Toshihiko , Futamura Yushi , Inaba Kazue , Okano Akiko , Aono Harumi , Fujikawa Yuuta , Inoue Hideshi , Matsuda Kazuhiko , Osada Hiroyuki , Niwa Ryusuke , Takahashi Shunji
Published: August 2023

Decalin-containing tetramic acid is a bioactive scaffold primarily produced by filamentous fungi. The structural diversity of this group of compounds is generated by characteristic enzymes of fungal biosynthetic pathways, including polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase hybrid enzymes and decalin synthase, which are responsible for the construction of a linear polyenoyl tetramic acid structure and stereoselective decalin formation via the intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, respectively. Compounds that differed only in the decalin configuration were collected from genetically engineered mutants derived from decalin-containing tetramic acid-producing fungi and used for a structure-activity relationship study. Our evaluation of biological activities, such as cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines and antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and mitochondrial inhibitory activities, demonstrated that the activity for each assay varies depending on the decalin configurations. In addition to these known biological activities, we revealed that the compounds showed inhibitory activity against the insect steroidogenic glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo. Engineering the decalin configurations would be useful not only to find derivatives with better biological activities but also to discover overlooked biological activities.
Influential factors of tuberculosis in mainland China based on MGWR model
Authors: Ma Zhipeng , Fan Hong
Published: August 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), as a respiratory infectious disease, has damaged public health globally for decades, and mainland China has always been an area with high incidence of TB. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, it has seriously occupied medical resources and affected medical treatment of TB patients. Therefore, the authenticity and reliability of TB data during this period have also been questioned by many researchers. In response to this situation, this paper excludes the data from 2019 to the present, and collects the data of TB incidence in mainland China and the data of 11 influencing factors from 2014 to 2018. Using spatial autocorrelation methods and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to study the temporal and spatial distribution of TB incidence in mainland China and the influence of selected influencing factors on TB incidence. The experimental results show that the distribution of TB patients in mainland China shows spatial aggregation and spatial heterogeneity during this period. And the R2 and the adjusted R2 of MGWR model are 0.932 and 0.910, which are significantly better than OLS model (0.466, 0.429) and GWR model (0.836, 0.797). The fitting accuracy indicators MAE, MSE and MAPE of MGWR model reached 5.802075, 110.865107 and 0.088215 respectively, which also show that the overall fitting effect is significantly better than OLS model (19.987574, 869.181549, 0.314281) and GWR model (10.508819, 267.176741, 0.169292). Therefore, this model is based on real and reliable TB data, which provides decision-making references for the prevention and control of TB in mainland China and other countries.
Improved sparse domain super-resolution reconstruction algorithm based on CMUT
Authors: Wei Zhiqing , Bai Yanping , Cheng Rong , Hu Hongping , Wang Peng , Zhang Wendong , Zhang Guojun
Published: August 2023

A novel breast ultrasound tomography system based on a circular array of capacitive micromechanical ultrasound transducers (CMUT) has broad application prospects. However, the images produced by this system are not suitable as input for the training phase of the super-resolution (SR) reconstruction algorithm. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an improved medical image super-resolution (MeSR) method based on the sparse domain. First, we use the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with high imaging accuracy to reconstruct the image into a training image in a sparse domain model. Secondly, we denoise and enhance the contrast of the SART images to obtain improved detail images before training the dictionary. Then, we use the original detail image as the guide image to further process the improved detail image. Therefore, a high-precision dictionary was obtained during the testing phase and applied to filtered back projection SR reconstruction. We compared the proposed algorithm with previously reported algorithms in the Shepp Logan model and the model based on the CMUT background. The results showed significant improvements in peak signal-to-noise ratio, entropy, and average gradient compared to previously reported algorithms. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed MeSR method can use noisy reconstructed images as input for the training phase of the SR algorithm and produce excellent visual effects.
Association between arthritis and hand grip strength indices combined with anthropometry in an older Korean population
Authors: Chi Jeong H. , Lee Bum J.
Published: August 2023

Background

Hand grip strength (HGS) is related to arthritis and all-cause mortality. Many studies have examined the association between HGS and arthritis, but these studies did not consider relative HGS indices. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between arthritis and HGS indices in an older Korean population and to compare an absolute HGS index and a relative HGS indices.

Methods

In a large-scale cross-sectional study, a total of 16,860 subjects older than 50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2014 to 2019 were included for statistical analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the association between arthritis and HGS indices in crude and covariate-adjusted models.

Results

In the crude analysis, all anthropometric and HGS indices were associated with arthritis except for weight in men. In adjusted models 1 and 2, among the anthropometric indices, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were associated with arthritis in men but not in women. Absolute HGS and all relative HGS indices showed a negative association with arthritis among both men and women, and the magnitude of the association of arthritis with the absolute HGS index and the relative HGS indices was similar. However, the magnitude of the association between all HGS indices and arthritis was higher for men than for women except in the crude analysis.

Discussion

Absolute and relative HGS indices had negative associations with arthritis, and the magnitude of the association between the absolute HGS index and arthritis and between the relative HGS indices and arthritis was similar in all models. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between arthritis and relative HGS indices, which was not observed in previous studies.
A single inactivating amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 domain attenuates viral replication in vivo
Authors: Taha Taha Y. , Suryawanshi Rahul K. , Chen Irene P. , Correy Galen J. , McCavitt-Malvido Maria , O’Leary Patrick C. , Jogalekar Manasi P. , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Kimmerly Gabriella R. , Tsou Chia-Lin , Gascon Ronnie , Montano Mauricio , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Krogan Nevan J. , Ashworth Alan , Fraser James S. , Ott Melanie
Published: August 2023

Despite unprecedented efforts, our therapeutic arsenal against SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. The conserved macrodomain 1 (Mac1) in NSP3 is an enzyme exhibiting ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity and a possible drug target. To determine the role of Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication, we generated recombinant viruses and replicons encoding a catalytically inactive NSP3 Mac1 domain by mutating a critical asparagine in the active site. While substitution to alanine (N40A) reduced catalytic activity by ~10-fold, mutations to aspartic acid (N40D) reduced activity by ~100-fold relative to wild-type. Importantly, the N40A mutation rendered Mac1 unstable in vitro and lowered expression levels in bacterial and mammalian cells. When incorporated into SARS-CoV-2 molecular clones, the N40D mutant only modestly affected viral fitness in immortalized cell lines, but reduced viral replication in human airway organoids by 10-fold. In mice, the N40D mutant replicated at >1000-fold lower levels compared to the wild-type virus while inducing a robust interferon response; all animals infected with the mutant virus survived infection. Our data validate the critical role of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 Mac1 catalytic activity in viral replication and as a promising therapeutic target to develop antivirals.
Optical Properties of Heterostructured ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites Synthesized via Facile Precipitation Process
Authors: ANANDAN K , RAJESH K. , GAYATHRI K. , REXALIN DEVARAJ ANITHA , MOHANBABU M. , RAO P. PRABHAKAR
Published: August 2023

The semiconductor zinc oxide/nickel oxide (ZnO/NiO) heterostructured nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized via facile and eco-friendly homogeneous precipitation process with ethanol and water as solvents. The prepared nanocomposites were studied by means of structural and optical characteristics by using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet visible absorption and photoluminescence  emission spectro-scopies. The peaks in the XRD pattern attributed to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and face-centered cubic  structure of NiO, as a result the XRD analysis further confirmed that the solvents play a powerful role in size of the crystallite of the  synthesized nanocomposites. Strong UV absorption may be seen in UV-vis absorbance spectra and samples of ZnO/NiO  nanocomposite materials had greater energy gap (Eg) values than those of pure NiO and ZnO materials. The synthesized materials  have demonstrated high photoluminescence emission in UV-blue region in the range of 241-498 nm, it might be a valuable source for  future display applications. According to the aforementioned finding, the ZnO/NiO nanocomposites showed significant promise and  were a viable material for optoelectronic devices.
Chemical Constituents of Macaranga grandifolia
Authors: TUGAHAN CHARISSE T. , GONZALES RHANNEY L. , SHEN CHIEN-CHANG , S. TAN MARIA CARMEN , Y. RAGASA CONSOLACION
Published: August 2023

The chemical analysis of dichloromethane (DCM) extract of Macaranga grandifolia (Blanco) Merr. resulted in the isolation and identification of several compounds. From the leaves, vedelianin (1), squalene (2), β-carotene (3) and polyprenol (4) were isolated. The barks contained a mixture of stigmasterol (5a) and β-sitosterol (5b). Additionally, the fruits yielded saturated fatty acid (6). The elucidation of structure 1 was accomplished through the utilization of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The identification of the structures of compounds 2-6 was achieved through a comparative analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with the literature data.
Validation Approach for a Spatially and Temporally Resolved Fault Arc Model
Authors: Mingers Frederik , Ballweber Tim , Kimpeler Simon , Moser Albert
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a method to validate arc models for fault arc applications by examining the effect of changed boundary conditions on arc parameters, e.g. voltage and pressure build-up. The study shows the impact of ignition location on arc voltage and pressure build-up and prediction accuracy of the presented model. The results indicate insufficient accuracy in predicting arc voltage during dynamic phases, while the pressure build-up prediction aligns well with the experimental results.
Avaliação de diferentes sistemas de ativação de irrigantes na remoção de smear layer
Authors: Seron Marcelo Augusto , Fernandes Renata , Victorino Fausto Rodrigo
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Agitar a solução irrigadora durante o preparo químico-mecânico auxilia na desobstrução dos túbulos dentinários, melhorando a descontaminação endodôntica. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de limpeza da agitação rotatória e da agitação ultrassônica do terço apical de canais radiculares. Métodos: Foram usados 40 dentes unirradiculares humanos extraídos com canal único, reto, com rizogênese completa e sem tratamento endodôntico prévio. Após abertura coronária, realizou-se o preparo químico-mecânico e os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos com dez espécimes, de acordo com a limpeza final: Grupo Sem Agitação – canais irrigados com EDTA a 17% e NaOCl a 1%; Grupo I – agitação com Easy Clean®; Grupo II – agitação com espiral Lentulo; e Grupo III – agitação ultrassônica com Irrisonic®. Para análise, utilizou-se microscópio eletrônico de varredura, as coroas dos dentes foram removidas e as raízes, clivadas longitudinalmente, observando apenas o terço apical, 3 mm acima do ápice radicular das raízes. O aumento das imagens foi fixado em 750x. A limpeza da parede dentinária foi determinada pelo número de túbulos dentinários abertos, usando o software Image Tool 3.1. Para análise estatística dos dados obtidos, utilizou-se teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). As médias de túbulos dentinários abertos nos Grupos I, II, III e Sem Agitação foram 81, 100, 111 e 74, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os três diferentes sistemas apresentaram resultados semelhantes, a ativação do EDTA nos modos rotatório ou ultrassônico não melhorou a remoção da smear layer.
Recessões gengivais por vestibular em incisivos inferiores e fatores de risco em pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico em Cartagena/Colômbia
Authors: Guzman Jhon Jairo Pereira , Gomez Jaime Alberto Lorduy , Moranth Rusvelt Vargas , Gutierrez Maryury Ruth Vega
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A recessão gengival por vestibular é uma condição periodontal preocupante quando se manifesta em pacientes ortodônticos, nos quais diferentes fatores podem desempenhar um papel importante na sua etiologia. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de recessões gengivais por vestibular em incisivos inferiores e os fatores de risco em pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal; amostra aleatória de 110 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 45 anos, submetidos a exame clínico para avaliar a presença de recessões gengivais por vestibular em incisivos inferiores e de fatores predisponentes. Foi realizada uma análise estatística bivariada para observar a associação estatística entre os fatores e a recessão gengival por vestibular, e análise multivariada usando um modelo de regressão logística binária. Resultados: A prevalência de pelo menos uma recessão gengival vestibular > 1mm foi de 39,1%, acometendo mais homens (23,64%) do que mulheres (15,45%) (p>0,05). A prevalência de recessões gengivais por vestibular aumentou com a idade e o índice de placa (p<0,05). A análise de regressão mostrou que a técnica de escovação (p = 0,012), o tipo de escova (p = 0,007), tabagismo (p = 0,047) e fenótipo da gengiva inferior (p = 0,04) foram preditores independentes que contribuíram significativamente para as recessões gengivais por vestibular. Conclusão: A recessão gengival por vestibular teve prevalência moderadamente alta na amostra de pacientes ortodônticos. Os fatores de risco associados foram tabagismo, tipo de escova, técnica e tempo de escovação, fenótipo da gengiva inferior, cálculo subgengival.
Caracterização geométrica e dimensional, e evolução da eficiência de corte de limas endodônticas de NiTi BioRaCe e BT-RaCe
Authors: Pereira Otaviano Durães , Resende Pedro Damas , Buono Vicente Tadeu Lopres , Peixoto Isabella Faria , Viana Ana Cecília Diniz
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Um atributo importante do comportamento dos instrumentos endodônticos é sua eficiência de corte. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficiência de corte de instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi com secções transversais semelhantes, usando uma nova metodologia. Métodos: Vinte dentes extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos e seus canais, preparados utilizando-se os sistemas BioRaCe BR0 (25/.08), BR1 (15/.05), BR2 (25/.04), BR3 (25/.06) e BR4 (35/.04) e BT-RaCe BT0 (10/.06), BT1 (35/.00) e BT2 (35/.04) (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Suíça). A velocidade e o torque do motor elétrico foram ajustados de acordo com a especificação de cada sistema. Resultados: O tempo total gasto na instrumentação foi maior para a sequência BR. Em média, cada instrumento BioRaCe mostrou uma tendência a gastar menos tempo, em comparação com os instrumentos BT-RaCe. Em relação ao torque versus tempo, o instrumento BR3 gastou mais tempo e atingiu maiores valores de torque. No sistema BT-RaCe, o BTR3 tendeu a atingir valores de torque mais elevados. Comparando-se especificamente os grupos BR3 e BTR3, não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em relação ao torque médio. Dos cinco instrumentos da sequência BR, os resultados mostraram que apenas três foram efetivamente ativos durante a modelagem dos canais radiculares. Conclusão: A metodologia permitiu avaliar as propriedades de corte individuais e dos sistemas de instrumentos BR e BTR, em termos de torque e tempo necessários. A utilização de uma sequência com menos instrumentos para o preparo do canal radicular manteve um torque máximo seguro para uso clínico e reduziu o tempo necessário para essa etapa.
A utilização da Endodontia Guiada no tratamento de canais calcificados: revisão de literatura
Authors: Cardoso Elen Oliveira , Pereira Renato Piai , Silva Rogério Vieira
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A obliteração parcial ou total do canal radicular torna o tratamento endodôntico passível de falhas e acidentes. A técnica de Endodontia Guiada surgiu visando o sucesso nesse tratamento, quando necessário, com associação do escaneamento intrabucal e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, evitando o desgaste desnecessário de estrutura dentária e diminuindo as chances de perfurações ou fratura de instrumentos. Objetivo: Verificar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, o papel da técnica de Endodontia Guiada, suas vantagens, desvantagens e seu auxílio no tratamento endodôntico de dentes calcificados. Métodos: Com o objetivo de avaliar o conteúdo sobre esse tema na literatura atual, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, nas bases SciELO, PubMed, Lilacs e Bireme, usando os seguintes termos: calcificação de dente, polpa dentária, Endodontia, guided Endodontics, tomografia computadorizada e tratamento endodôntico. Foram usados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: revisão de literatura, pesquisa, caso clínico ou estudo in vivo e ex vivo, publicados no período de 2012 a 2020, contemplando o desenvolvimento da técnica, suas vantagens, desvantagens, indicações, contraindicações e auxílio no tratamento endodôntico. Os critérios de exclusão usados foram: teses, monografias, dissertações, livros e capítulos de livro. Resultados: Foram coletados 45 artigos científicos que obedeciam aos critérios de inclusão. Conclusões: A técnica de Endodontia Guiada é considerada um grande avanço, sendo eficaz no tratamento conservador de canais parcial ou totalmente calcificados; entretanto, ainda há a necessidade de mais estudos para aprimoramento da técnica.
Primeiro molar inferior permanente com radix entomolaris: relato de caso de uma ocorrência incomum
Authors: Silva Lucas Jardim , Morel Laura Lourenço , Gomes Giovane Hisse , Leonardo Natalia Gomes e Silva , Martos Josué
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Os primeiros molares inferiores permanentes geralmente apresentam duas raízes, uma situada mesialmente e outra distalmente; e dois, três ou quatro canais radiculares. Mas podem ocorrer variações no número de raízes e na morfologia dos canais radiculares. Não obstante, a ocorrência de três raízes separadas é extremamente incomum. Relato de caso: O presente relato clínico descreve o caso de um paciente com primeiros molares inferiores, em ambos os lados, com três raízes e quatro canais radiculares, no qual foi realizado o tratamento endodôntico com sucesso no dente #46. O dente #46 foi diagnosticado com pulpite aguda irreversível, requerendo tratamento endodôntico. A radiografia pré-operatória do primeiro molar inferior direito revelou a presença de três raízes. O preparo da cavidade de acesso foi estendido, encontrando-se quatro embocaduras e três raízes. Todos os canais radiculares foram limpos, modelados e obturados. Resultados: A radiografia pós-operatória mostrou obturação satisfatória dos canais radiculares. Conclusão: Apesar da baixa prevalência, podem ocorrer variações no número de raízes e canais radiculares dos molares inferiores, conforme demonstrado nesse relato de caso.
KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ’NİN YENİLEBİLİR OTLARININ FONKSİYONEL GIDALAR KAPSAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SARICA Vildan , ÖZBAY Gülçin
Published: August 2023

Fonksiyonel gıdalar içeriğindeki bileşenler, minareller, vitaminler, aminoasitler, baharatlar, bitkiler bakımından insan sağlığı için önem arz etmektedir. Yeşil yapraklı bitkiler de işlevsel özelliklere sahip, iyi bir A vitamini kaynağı, flavonoidler ve karotenoidler bakımından zengin besinlerdir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı; Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin yenilebilir otlarının fonksiyonel gıdalar kapsamında değerlendirilip değerlendirilemeyeceğini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda literatür taraması yapılarak Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin 17 adet yenilebilir otu incelenmiş, otların besin değerleri, mutfaklarda kullanım şekilleri, sağlık için faydaları, hastalık tedavilerinde kullanım şekilleri içeriğindeki vitamin, minarel ve ağır metaller hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Karadeniz’in yenilebilir otlarının insan sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olması, hastalık önlemesi ve hastalık tedavisinde kullanılması gerekçeleriyle fonksiyonel gıdalar kapsamında değerlendirebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
İBBS DÜZEY 1 BAZINDA TÜRKİYE’DE HANEHALKLARI KOLAYLIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜCENMEZ Tuğba
Published: August 2023

İstatistiki Birim Bölge Sınıflaması (İBBS) Düzey 1 bölgesel sınıflandırmasının kullanımı ekonomik ve sosyal planlamalarda son derece önemlidir. Bu sınıflandırma, Türkiye'nin coğrafi, sosyal ve ekonomik farklılıklarını dikkate alarak, ülkeyi farklı bölgelere ayırmaktadır. İBBS Düzey 1, ülkeyi 12 ayrı bölgeye ayırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, ülke genelinde istatistiki birim bölge sınıflaması düzey 1 göre hane kolaylıklarının dağılımının analizi, doğru politika kararları almak için doğru bir adımdır. Bu makale, Türkiye’de istatistiki birim bölge sınıflaması düzey 1’e göre hane kolaylıklarının dağılımının değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye genelinde hane kolaylıklarının düzey 1’deki dağılımlarını ortaya koyacak ve farklı bölgeler arasındaki farklılıkları inceleyecektir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, ülkede ekonomik ve sosyal planlama için faydalı olabilecek veriler sunacaktır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan insanların sahip oldukları hane kolaylıklarının farklılıkları ölçülebilmekte ve bu farklılıkların sebepleri belirlenebilecektir. Bu doğrultuda, politika yapıcıların ve kalkınma planlamaları için çalışanların bu makaleden elde edecekleri veriler, bölgeler arası eşitsizlikleri azaltmak ve bölgesel kalkınmayı desteklemek için kullanılacaktır.
Odziv bioindikatorskih rastlin za ozon pred in po namestitvi odžveplevalne naprave na termoenergetskem objektu
Authors: Kopušar Nataša , Mazej Zdenka , Batič Franc
Published: August 2023

The main goal of the research was to compare the plant response to air pollutants in the rural environment (Zavodnje village) before and after the installation of a desulphurisation device at unit 5 of the Šoštanj Thermal Power Plant (Slovenia). The installation of the cleaning device for SO2 in the year 2001 caused very significant reduction of annual average SO2 emission and immission, while concentrations of dust particles, O3, NOx, and CO2 in Zavodnje remained unchanged. On the other hand the average concentrations of ozone during seasonal experimental period increased after 2001, but there were no significant differences in AOT40. The impact of O3 in combination with other air pollutants was studied at Zavodnje in the period 1996–2003 using white clover (Trifolium repens ‘Regal’) on the basis of visible ozone injuries of leaves, biomass reduction and by analysis of chosen biochemical stress parameters in leaves – the content of plant pigments and antioxidants. The effects of reduction of SO2 after 2001 were observed in the biochemical responses of white clover plants, which showed better vitality. Despite of that, there was no significant difference in the level of plant injury by ozone between the period 1996–2000 and period 2001–2003. Biomass ratio CN-S/CN-R was also unaffected.
Merozoon vestigatum g. n., sp. n., a new freshwater subterranean isopod (Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae) from a cave in Croatia.
Authors: Sket Boris
Published: August 2023

A pleon of a new fresh water isopod, provisionally attributed to the family Sphaeromatidae (Monolistrini sensu Racovitza, 1910)was found in a cave in Dalmacija (Croatia). Although known from such a small part of the body, Merozoon vestigatum g. n., sp. n. is easily recognizable. It is doubtlessly a new species which can only be attributed to a new genus in agreement with the criteria up to now used for this genera-group. All pleonites are fused with the pleotelson, the free epimera of the anterior pleonites are very poorly developed, not reaching the pleotelson lateral borders; uropods are strongly reduced, uniarticulate, inserted in the middle of the pleotelson lateral sides. It could be shown that its inclusion into Sphaeromatidae can hardly be challenged, and that its only alternative, Cirolanidae, is very unlikely.
Circadian rhythms and their role in living organisms
Authors: Košir Rok
Published: August 2023

Numerous physiological processes in organisms as diverse as bacteria and man are regulated by a small molecular clock termed the circadian clock. It is present in virtually all cells of the body and enables various physiological processes to occur at specific times of the day and with a period of about 24 hours. It was not until recent years that the role of the circadian clock has become evident for normal physiology of humans as well as other mammals. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythms can lead to a number of metabolic disorders characteristic of modern lifestyle including diabetes, obesity and cancer. It is the aim of this review to give the reader a general overview of what circadian rhythms are, how they look at the molecular level and why they can influence various metabolic processes in the way they do.
Skull modularity of the European ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Klenovšek Tina
Published: August 2023

The skull is a complex structure that has frequently been studied for the patterns of morphological integration and modularity. The ventral side of the skull can be divided into two functional modules, the neurocranium composed of the braincase, eyes and ears, and the viscerocranium composed of the jaw apparatus. The aim of this study was to test the ventral cranium of the European ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus(Linnaeus, 1766) for this partitioning as sciurid skull is believed to be highly integrated without clear divisions into subunits. Additionally, I compared the degree of modularity between juveniles and adults. Hypothesized modularity was tested on 159 (43 juveniles and 116 adults)skulls by applying geometric morphometric method based on Escoufier RV coefficient. In adults, the results yielded strong support to the hypothesis that the viscerocranium and neurocranium are separate modules. In juveniles, two-module organization of the skull was also confirmed, but the hypothesized modules were much more integrated with each other. Although allometry can be a strong integrating factor, it had very little influence on the hypothesized modularity of the S. citellus skull. A permutation test for the difference in the degree of modularity between juveniles and adults was marginally significant. The change in the strength of integration between the viscerocranium and neurocranium in the S. citellus skull during ontogeny, with the higher level of modularity in adults than in juveniles, is probably a consequence of the transition from suckling to gnawing of food and greater specialisation of the two functional modules.
Prispevek k slovenski anatomski terminologiji: latinsko − slovenski, slovensko − latinski slovar ptičjih kosti
Authors: Janžekovič Franc , Zajc Tina , V. Bavdek Srdan , Golob Zlatko , Klenovšek Tina
Published: August 2023

V članku je predstavljeno poimenovanje kosti ptičjega skeleta. Posamezni strokovni izraz je zapisan v mednarodni strokovni nomenklaturi, tj. v latinščini ali latinizirani grščini, večinoma sledi poslovenjeni strokovni izraz in nato slovensko poimenovanje posameznega anatomskega izraza. Zaporedje gesel sledi anatomski regionalizaciji ptičjega telesa. V prvem dodatku so po abecedi navedeni slovenski strokovni izrazi, opremljeni z besednovrstnimi oznakami za končnico v drugem sklonu ednine in za spol, z latinskim izrazom v nadaljevanju. V drugem dodatku so navedena po abecedi latinska anatomska poimenovanja, ki jim sledijo slovenski strokovni izrazi.
No chronic effects on biochemical biomarkers, feeding and survival of carnolian honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) after exposure to nanosized carbon black and titanium dioxide
Authors: Jemec Anita , Milivojević Tamara , Drobne Damjana , Sepčić Kristina , Glavan Gordana
Published: August 2023

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are important pollinators threatened by environmental pollution, plan protection products and other potential contaminants. Due to an extensive predicted use of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in agriculture the impact on honeybees should be investigated. We studied the 10-days chronic dietary effect of carbon black (CB) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NMs on the antioxidant activities, cholinergic function, feeding behaviour and survival of honeybees. Exposure of honeybees Apis mellifera carnica to TiO2 and CB NMs (1 mg ml-1) did not affect the feeding and survival. No alteration of catalase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activity was noticed in the brain of honeybees, indicating that TiO2 and CB NMs at the tested exposure dose had no adverse effects on honeybees. Currently predicted environmental concentrations for TiO2 and CB NMs are significantly lower than the concentration tested in the current study. Based on our findings we conclude that the potential use of TiO2 and CB NMs in agriculture is currently safe for honeybees at the tested concentration level and presents potential advantages compared to other NMs with known toxic potential.
Nekatere anatomske značilnosti skeleta sive čaplje, Ardea cinerea
Authors: Golob Zlatko , Bavdek Srdan , Zajc Tina , Janžekovič Franc , Klenovšek Tina
Published: August 2023

Na štirih skeletih sive čaplje (Ardea cinerea) smo proučili morfološke lastnosti kosti in skeletnih sklopov, predvsem nekatere segmente lobanje, hrbtenice, plečnega obroča, prsnice in medeničnega obroča. Za lobanjo je značilna izrazita kraniofacialna upogibna cona (zonaflexoria craniofacialis), dolga čelnica (os frontale) z izrazito vzdolžno depresijo (depressio frontalis), dolg postorbitalni lok (arcus postor- bitalis), obsežna senčnična jama (fossa temporalis) in dodatna plitka podsenčnična jama (fossa subtemporalis). Parasfenoidni ročaj (rostrumparasphenoidale) je izrazit, krilatki (ossa pterygoidea) pa močni in premi. Pri vratnih vretencih je značilna močnejša kalcifikacija šestega vretencain njegova toga povezanost s petim. V področju notarija (notarium) vretenca niso zraščena: med zadnjim vratnim in prvim prsnim vretencem je jasen sklep. Tudi prva tri prsna vretenca niso medsebojno zraščena, pač pa tesneje povezana v ventralnem delu. Četrto prsno vretence je izrazito pregibno (prosto), kot pri drugih ptičih. Peto prsno vretence je pridruženo sinsakrumu. Ključnici sta koščeno zraščeni v vilice (furcula), njuna apofiza pa tvori sinostozo z vrhom prsničnega gredlja (apex carinae). Krokarnici se končujeta na prsnici vsaka v svojem sklepnem žlebu (sulcus articularis coracoideus), in sicer tako, da je sternalni konec desne krokarnice položen nekoliko preko leve. Na ročaju prsnice (manubriumsterni) manjka notranji trn (spina interna), na njegovem mestu je kratek žleb. Osnovni morfološki opis dopolnjujejo slike kosti oz. skeleta in dva rentgenska posnetka na živi živali, predstavljeni so tudi rezultati meritev posameznih kosti.
Lower secondary school students’ interest and emotions regarding dissection in schools - a pilot study
Authors: Tomažič Iztok
Published: August 2023

In the present study, we investigated lower secondary school student’s interest and emotions regarding dissection in schools. Self-reported interest and emotions of fear and disgust toward dissection were assessed. In addition to well-known gender differences from prior studies, the author also assessed if age, participation in home cooking of meat and fish or participation in the home slaughtering and butchering of livestock has an effect on these mentioned dependent variables. The results show, that situational interest was predominantly influenced by the students’ age. Older students displayed higher interest in school dissections. Individual interest was influenced by grade, gender and by participation in home slaughtering. Emotions concerning dissection were significantly influenced by gender. Situational interest was predicted both by personal interest and negative emotions. From the results, it can be concluded that participation in home cooking and home slaughtering of livestock has no effect on students’ interest and emotions regarding dissection, which is somehow contradictory to the statements of other authors who argue that repeated exposure to dissections raises student’s interest and lowers negative emotions regarding dissections. Perhaps spatial and temporal dimensions ought to be considered in addition to the level of students’ involvement in such activities.
The effect of thyme essential oil on germination and early growth of wheat
Authors: Pršin Tjaša , Sabina Sabina , Dolenc Koce Jasna
Published: August 2023

Essential oils (EOs) are becoming an important alternative as seed decontaminating agents opposite to synthetic seed preservatives due to their antimicrobial activities. They also inhibit seed germination which may be problematic for seeds of cultural plants. In the present study, different treatments of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain with thyme (Thymus serpyllum) EO were tested. Wheat grains were treated with thyme EO for 6, 12 and 24 hours to determine the optimal time of EO treatment in order to reduce fungal infection of the grain surface and at the same time preserve high germination rate of seeds and good physiological status of seedlings during early stages of their growth. Germination rate, fresh mass and length of shoots and roots, and physiological status of the seedlings were compared according to the duration of the treatment. The 6 h-EO treatment was the most optimal procedure that did not affect seed germination, was not harmful for the seedlings and prevented fungal infections. The thyme EO could potentially be used as a protective agent for wheat grain intended for sowing and food production.
Analiza dosežkov osnovnošolcev na nacionalnem preverjanju znanja iz biologije
Authors: Strgar Jelka
Published: August 2023

Namen nacionalnega preverjanja znanja (NPZ) je dobiti dodatne povratne informacij o tem, kako deluje vzgojno-izobraževalni sistem in kakšna je stopnja doseganja ciljev in standardov znanja, ki jih določajo učni načrti. Biologija je bila doslej petkrat eden izmed predmetov na NPZ. V našo analizo smo zajeli 119 nalog z zadnjih štirih preverjanj (2009, 2011, 2014 in 2017), pri katerih je sodelovalo 18730 učencev. Zanimalo nas je, katere so šibke in katere močne strani biološkega znanja naših učencev ob koncu osnovnošolskega izobraževanja. Ugotovili smo, da so učenci v splošnem pokazali zadovoljivo temeljno znanje. Kakovost znanja vseh preverjanih vsebinskih enot (celica, dedovanje in biotehnologija, človek, ekologija, rastline, živali, raziskovanje in poskusi ter branje tabel, grafov ali slik) je bila podobna, prinačrtovanju pouka pa bi bilo kljub temu treba več pozornosti posvetiti področjem celice, dedovanja in biotehnologije. Po pričakovanjih součenci pokazali več znanja pri nalogah izbirnega tipa, manj pa pri nalogah polodprtega tipa. Prav tako pričakovano so pokazali več znanja pri nalogah prve taksonomske ravni, manj pri nalogah druge in še manj pri nalogah tretje taksonomske ravni. V prihodnosti bi bilo smiselno vNPZ iz biologije vključiti še več nalog, ki bi lahko učiteljem pomagale pri načrtovanju in izvajanju pouka.
Within-weed bed architectural adaptation of branching pattern in Myriophyllum spicatum L.
Authors: Neuhold Barbara , D. Janauer Johanna , A. Janauer Georg
Published: August 2023

Regarding architectural adaptations in aquatic plants caused by the velocity of water flow only scarce, older information is available. When studying different  Myriophyllum spicatum  L. specimen architecture in the same water body differences in individual main axes and branching pattern were detected at the upstream and at the downstream end of individual plant beds. Samples from the two locations showed significant differences in architectural composition. At the downstream parts of the water body individual plants were longer and the number of branches was higher, which is contributed to flow velocity.
Makrofiti porečja reke Donave
Authors: Golob Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

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Stress tolerance of three opportunistic black yeasts
Authors: Zajc Janja , Gostinčar Cene , Lenassi Metka , Gunde-Cimerman Nina
Published: August 2023

Many species of black yeasts can survive extremely harsh conditions and can quickly adapt to novel environments. These traits were proposed to have a role in the ability of some fungal species tocolonise indoor habitats inhospitable for majority of microorganisms, and to cause (opportunistic)infections in humans. In order to better understand the stress tolerance of black yeasts and thereby their opportunism, we focused our research on the three model black yeasts: the polyextremotolerant Au-reobasidium melanogenum and Exophiala dermatitidis, and the extremely halotolerant Hortaeawerneckii. These black yeasts are shown to thrive at temperatures, salinities, pH values and, H2O2 concentrations that inhibit growth of mesophilic species. Most importantly, unlike their close relatives they can not only grow, but also synthesize siderophores (E. dermatitidis) or degradeproteins (A. melanogenum) at 37 °C - traits that are crucial for pathogenesis in humans. These results support the hypothesis that the ability to cope with various environmental stresses is linked to the opportunistic behaviour of fungi. Therefore, better understanding of the connections between the stress-tolerant biology of black fungi and their ability to cause disease is needed, in particular due to their changing interactions with humans and their emerging pathogenicity.