bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Distribution Detection with Memory-Augmented Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Ataeiasad Faezeh , Elizondo David , Calderón Ramírez Saúl , Greenfield Sarah , Deka Lipika
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a novel method capable of both detecting OOD data and generating in-distribution data samples. To achieve this, a VAE model is adopted and augmented with a memory module, providing capacities for identifying OOD data and synthesising new in-distribution samples. The proposed VAE is trained on normal data and the memory stores prototypical patterns of the normal data distribution. At test time, the input is encoded by the VAE encoder; this encoding is used as a query to retrieve related memory items, which are then integrated with the input encoding and passed to the decoder for reconstruction. Normal samples reconstruct well and yield low reconstruction errors, while OOD inputs produce high reconstruction errors as their encodings get replaced by retrieved normal patterns. Prior works use memory modules for OOD detection with autoencoders, but this method leverages a VAE architecture to enable generation abilities. Experiments conducted with CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets show that the memory-augmented VAE consistently outperforms the baseline, particularly where OOD data resembles normal patterns. This notable improvement is due to the enhanced latent space representation provided by the VAE. Overall, the memory-equipped VAE framework excels in identifying OOD and generating creative examples effectively.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordinal Priority Approach with Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Majumder Priyanka , Salomon Valerio Antonio Pamplona
Published: October 2024

Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) is a methodology for solving decision problems with a finite set of alternatives. The several methods of MADM require weights for the criteria and the alternatives to provide a solution. The Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is a recently proposed method for MADM that innovates; it does not require these inputs, just the rankings of criteria and alternatives. This article introduces a new hybrid method for MADM: the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Ordinal Priority Approach with Grey Relational Analysis (OPA-IF-GRA). OPA-IF-GRA combines GRA with OPA-IF, a newer extension of OPA that includes intuitionistic fuzzy sets to incorporate uncertainty into the decision-making process. The article presents an OPA-IF-GRA application for solving an electronics engineering problem, considering four criteria and six alternatives. The solution of OPA-IF-GRA is compared with the solutions obtained with three other MADM methods.
An Adaptive Chirp Mode Decomposition-Based Method for Modal Identification of Time-Varying Structures
Authors: Yao Xiao-Jun , Lv Yu-Chun , Yang Xiao-Mei , Wang Feng-Yang , Zheng Yong-Xiang
Published: October 2024

Modal parameters are inherent characteristics of civil structures. Due to the effect of environmental factors and ambient loads, the physical and modal characteristics of a structure tend to change over time. Therefore, the effective identification of time-varying modal parameters has become an essential topic. In this study, an instantaneous modal identification method based on an adaptive chirp mode decomposition (ACMD) technique was proposed. The ACMD technique is highly adaptable and can accurately estimate the instantaneous frequencies of a structure. However, it is important to highlight that an initial frequency value must be selected beforehand in ACMD. If the initial frequency is set incorrectly, the resulting instantaneous frequencies may lack accuracy. To address the aforementioned problem, the Welch power spectrum was initially developed to extract a high-resolution time–frequency distribution from the measured signals. Subsequently, the time–frequency ridge was identified based on the maximum energy position in the time–frequency distribution plot, with the frequencies associated with the time–frequency ridge serving as the initial frequencies. Based on the initial frequencies, the measured signals with multiple degrees of freedom could be decomposed into individual time-varying components with a single degree of freedom. Following that, the instantaneous frequencies of each time-varying component could be calculated directly. Subsequently, a sliding window principal component analysis (PCA) method was introduced to derive instantaneous mode shapes. Finally, vibration data collected under various operational scenarios were used to validate the proposed method. The results demonstrated the effective identification of time-varying modal parameters in real-world civil structures, without missing modes.
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling Reveals Acute Toxicity of Pentosidine on Adipose Tissue of Rats
Authors: Hu Chuanqin , Shao Zhenzhen , Wu Wei , Wang Jing
Published: October 2024

Background: Pentosidine is an advanced glycation end product that is commonly found in heat-processed foods. Pentosidine has been involved in the occurrence and development of some chronic diseases. It was reported that pentosidine exposure can impair the function of the liver and kidneys. Adipose tissue, as an active endocrine organ, plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of cells. However, the metabolic mechanism that causes pentosidine to induce toxicity in adipose tissue remains unclear. Methods: In the study, thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal diet group, low dose group, and high dose group. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the metabolic profiles of adipose tissue between the pentosidine and normal diet groups. Furthermore, histopathological observation and body weight change analysis were performed to test the results of the metabolomics analysis. Results: A total of forty-two differential metabolites were identified. Pentosidine mainly disturbed twelve metabolic pathways, such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, etc. Additionally, pyruvic acid was identified as a possible key upregulated metabolite involved in thirty-four metabolic pathways. α-Ketoglutaric acid was named as a probable key downregulated metabolite involved in nineteen metabolic pathways based on enrichment network analysis. In addition, histopathological analysis and body weight changes confirmed the results of the metabolomics analysis. Conclusions: These results provided a new perspective for the molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue toxicity induced by pentosidine.
The Assessment of Anthropometric Measures and Changes in Selected Biochemical Parameters in Obese Children in Relation to Blood Lead Level
Authors: Pozorska Katarzyna , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Raducha Dominika , Kupnicka Patrycja , Bosiacki Mateusz , Bosiacka Beata , Szmit-Domagalska Justyna , Ratajczak Joanna , Horodnicka-Józwa Anita , Walczak Mieczysław , Chlubek Dariusz , Petriczko Elżbieta
Published: October 2024

Background: Our paper draws attention to the impact of lead (Pb) on the specificity of obesity development in children exposed to environmental pollution. An advantage of this paper is the homogeneous study group comprising children of identical age from a single geographic region. Moreover, while the influence of environmental toxins on adults has been extensively explored, this study delves into pediatric populations, which have yet to receive comprehensive scrutiny within the scientific literature. Methods: Initially, a group of 136 obese children (the research program lasted three consecutive years: 2016, 2017, and 2018) living in the north-western region of Poland, from whom biochemical tests and auxological data were obtained, were enrolled for analysis. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were determined in 115 children. The age of the children ranged from 7.1 to 10.4 years. The body mass index (BMI) of children averaged 21.5 ± 2.2. Results: The results showed that a large proportion of the participants had BLLs above the threshold for Pb. BLLs ≤ 5 µg/dL (considered safe for children and pregnant women) were found in over 70% of the participants, with BLLs in the range of 5.01–10.00 µg/dL in over 26% of the children, and concentrations > 10 µg/dL (considered toxic threshold for adults) in nearly 2% of the children. The results of our research revealed a positive association between BLLs and average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the studied children. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between BLLs and absolute fat tissue content and triglyceride concentration. Among the included biochemical factors, only insulin demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with fat mass. This result suggests that early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in overweight children involve decreased peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Lead exposure may significantly contribute to the development of hypertension, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism disorders in overweight and obese children. It is essential to implement multidirectional actions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of xenobiotic exposure, including lead, in order to prevent early-life exposure.
Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study on Interfacial Properties of Ternary H-Shaped Copolymer–Homopolymer Blends
Authors: Lin Ye , Jin Yongchao , Wang Xiyin
Published: October 2024

Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations is used to study the effect of Am/2BmAm/2 and H-shaped (Am/4)2Bm(Am/4)2 block copolymers on the interfacial properties of ternary blends. Our simulations show the following: (i) The capacity of block copolymers to diminish interfacial tension is closely linked to their compositions. With identical molecular weights and concentrations, H-shaped block copolymers outperform triblock copolymers in mitigating interfacial tension. (ii) The interfacial tension within the blends correlates positively with the escalation in H-shaped block copolymer molecular weight. This correlation suggests that H-shaped block copolymers featuring a low molecular weight demonstrate superior efficacy as compatibilizers when contrasted with those possessing a high molecular weight. (iii) Enhancing the concentration of H-shaped block copolymers fosters their accumulation at the interface, leading to a reduction in correlations between immiscible homopolymers and a consequent decrease in interfacial tension. (iv) As the length of the homopolymer chains increases, there is a concurrent elevation in interfacial tension, suggesting that H-shaped block copolymers perform more effectively as compatibilizers in blends characterized by shorter homopolymer chain lengths. These findings elucidate the associations between the efficacy of H-shaped block copolymer compatibilizers and their specific molecular characteristics.
Turn-On Fluorescence Probe for Cancer-Related γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Detection
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad , Bonne Samuel , Zeeshan Muhammad , Khan Salahuddin , Rafiq Muhammad , Tahir Tehreem , Lu Changrui , Cai Rujie
Published: October 2024

The design and development of fluorescent materials for detecting cancer-related enzymes are crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we present a substituted rhodamine derivative for the chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of the cancer-relevant enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Initially, the probe is non-chromic and non-emissive due to its spirolactam form, which hinders extensive electronic delocalization over broader pathway. However, selective enzymatic cleavage of the side-coupled group triggers spirolactam ring opening, resulting in electronic flow across the rhodamine skeleton, and reduces the band gap for low-energy electronic transitions. This transformation turns the reaction mixture from colorless to intense pink, with prominent UV and fluorescence bands. The sensor’s selectivity was tested against various human enzymes, including urease, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and cyclooxygenase, and showed no response. Absorption and fluorescence titration analyses of the probe upon incremental addition of GGT into the probe solution revealed a consistent increase in both absorption and emission spectra, along with intensified pink coloration. The cellular toxicity of the receptor was evaluated using the MTT assay, and bioimaging analysis was performed on BHK-21 cells, which produced bright red fluorescence, demonstrating the probe’s excellent cell penetration and digestion capabilities for intracellular analytical detection. Molecular docking results supported the fact that probe-4 made stable interactions with the GGT active site residues.
The Influence of Etching Method on the Occurrence of Defect Levels in III-V and II-VI Materials
Authors: Majkowycz Kinga , Murawski Krzysztof , Kopytko Małgorzata , Nowakowski-Szkudlarek Krzesimir , Witkowska-Baran Marta , Martyniuk Piotr
Published: October 2024

The influence of the etching method on the occurrence of defect levels in InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice (T2SLs) and MCT photodiode is presented. For both analyzed detectors, the etching process was performed by two methods: wet chemical etching and dry etching using an ion beam (RIE—reactive ion etching). The deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) method was used to determine the defect levels occurring in the analyzed structures. The obtained results indicate that the choice of etching method affects the occurrence of additional defect levels in the MCT material, but it has no significance for InAs/InAsSb T2SLs.
Correction: Ng et al. Effect of Dapagliflozin and Magnesium Supplementation on Renal Magnesium Handling and Magnesium Homeostasis in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4088
Authors: Ng Hwee-Yeong , Kuo Wei-Hung , Tain You-Lin , Leung Foong-Fah , Lee Wen-Chin , Lee Chien-Te
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
The Evidence for Diet as a Treatment in Migraine—A Review
Authors: Nguyen Kattia Valentine , Schytz Henrik Winther
Published: October 2024

Background/objectives: The connection between diet and migraine has gained increasing attention in migraine research due to its potential relevance as part of migraine treatment. This study reviewed the current evidence on the use of diets or specific foods in the prevention of migraine. Methods: A PubMed search was performed with the keywords “diet and migraine” OR “brain-gut-axis and migraine”. One author (KVN) screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and excluded or included them based on eligibility criteria. Results: A ketogenic diet and a “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension” diet reduced attack duration (p < 0.002), frequency (p < 0.05), and severity (p < 0.01). The ketogenic diet also reduced monthly medication intake (p ≤ 0.05). A low-fat vegan diet mixed with an elimination diet reduced the attack duration (p < 0.01), frequency (p < 0.05), severity (p < 0.0001), and percentage of medicated headaches (p < 0.001). Elimination diet reduced attack duration (p < 0.05), frequency (p < 0.02), severity (p < 0.01), and medication intake (p < 0.002). Elimination diet with IgG-positive foods reduced attack frequency (p < 0.001), and total medication intake (p < 0.01). Gluten-free diet reduced frequency (p = 0.02) and severity (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Certain diets and food items may trigger attacks in some migraine patients, though the overall evidence supporting this is limited. Modifying a diet may reduce symptoms such as attack duration, frequency, severity, and medication intake. However, the included studies’ small populations and diverse study designs make the results difficult to apply in clinical practise. Further high-quality, double-blinded, randomised controlled trials are necessary to confirm the association between diet and migraine.
The Mechanism Involved in the Inhibition of Resveratrol and Genistein on the Contractility of Isolated Rat Uterus Smooth Muscle
Authors: Ma Qin , Wang Yudong , Zhang Wei , Du Zhongrui , Tian Zhifeng , Li Hongfang
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of the phytoestrogens resveratrol (RES) and genistein (GEN) on the contractility of isolated uterine smooth muscle from rats, focusing on both spontaneous and stimulated contractions, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Uterine strips were suspended vertically in perfusion chambers containing Kreb’s solution, various concentrations of RES and GEN were added to the ex vivo uterine strips, and contractions were measured before and after incubation with RES or GEN. Results: (1) Both RES and GEN inhibited K+-induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner; the β/β2-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PRO), ICI118551, the ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker glibenclamide (HB-419) and the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) diminished the inhibitory effects of RES and GEN on K+-induced contractions. (2) RES and GEN also dose-dependently inhibited PGF2α-induced uterine contractions. (3) The inhibitory effects of RES and GEN were observed in spontaneous contractile activities as well; PRO, ICI118551, HB-419 and L-NNA attenuated the inhibitory effects of RES and GEN on the spontaneous contractions of isolated uterine muscle strips. (4) RES and GEN significantly decreased the cumulative concentration response of Ca2+ and shifted the Ca2+ cumulative concentration–response curves to the right in high-K+ Ca2+-free Kreb’s solution. (5) RES and GEN markedly reduced the first phasic contraction induced by oxytocin, acetylcholine, and prostaglandin F2α but did not alter the second phasic contraction caused by CaCl2 in Ca2+-free Kreb’s solution. Conclusions: RES and GEN can directly inhibit both spontaneous and activated contractions of isolated uterine smooth muscle. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of RES and GEN likely involve β adrenergic receptor activation, reduced Ca2+ influx and release, the activation of ATP-dependent K+ channels and increased NO production.
Adapted Low-FODMAP Diet in IBS Patients with and without Fibromyalgia: Long-Term Adherence and Outcomes
Authors: Lambiase Christian , Rossi Alessandra , Morganti Riccardo , Cancelli Lorenzo , Grosso Antonio , Tedeschi Riccardo , Rettura Francesco , Mosca Marta , de Bortoli Nicola , Bellini Massimo
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: A low-FODMAPs Diet (LFD) is considered a “second line” dietary strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but, after a period of strict restriction of all FODMAP foods, it has to be adapted and tailored to each patient (AdLFD). Fibromyalgia often coexists with IBS in up to 65% of cases. Our aims were to evaluate if comorbid fibromyalgia influenced the long-term clinical outcomes and adherence to an AdLFD in IBS patients. Methods: IBS patients with or without fibromyalgia who had started an AdLFD were enrolled. Patients had been evaluated before starting the LFD (T0). After a mean follow-up of 62.5 ± 22.7 months (T1), they were re-evaluated using questionnaires on disease severity, bowel habits, psychological status, and adherence to AdLFD. Results: In total, 51 IBS patients entered the study. Nineteen of them had comorbid fibromyalgia. Thirty patients reported a reduction in symptom severity at T1 in comparison with T0. Despite some slight differences in single IBS Symptom Severity Score items, comorbid fibromyalgia did not influence the IBS-SSS total score at T1. Patients with comorbid fibromyalgia showed a higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at baseline. A total of 44 patients showed good long-term adherence to the AdLFD. All patients improved their HADS score and had long-term adherence to the AdLFD. Conclusions: Comorbid fibromyalgia showed only a slight influence on long-term outcomes of an AdLFD on IBS symptoms, without affecting the relief of global symptoms. No influence on long-term adherence to AdLFD was detected. Hence, this approach can be taken into account in fibromyalgia patients for a nonpharmacological management of IBS symptoms. However, multicentric studies on larger samples would be welcome in the future.
Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle in Persons with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dominguez Ligia J. , Veronese Nicola , Parisi Angela , Seminara Flavia , Vernuccio Laura , Catanese Giuseppina , Barbagallo Mario
Published: October 2024

Due to the continuous aging of the population and consequent increase in dementia, focus on its prevention is of growing importance for public health. Since effective pharmacological treatments are not yet available, other determinants of cognitive decline have become fundamental. Several studies have indicated that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with reduced incident cognitive decline and dementia, but few studies have been conducted in persons already diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We age-matched 73 patients with mild–moderate AD with 73 controls (mean age for the whole group = 76.5 ± 6.5; 67.5% women). The cases had a significantly lower adherence to the MedDiet and lower physical activity vs. controls, where only one participant (1.4%) had a high adherence to the MedDiet among cases compared to 5.5% among controls, while 52.5% of the cases had a moderate adherence to the MedDiet vs. 82.2% in controls. In multivariate analysis, only the presence of AD was significantly associated with a lower adherence to the MedDiet vs. controls. Other factors examined (gender, age, physical activity level, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy) were not significantly associated with adherence to the MedDiet. Thus, AD patients had a low adherence to the MedDiet and very low physical activity. Public health strategies aimed at promoting the Mediterranean diet and physical activity for older people should be a priority.
Insights into Clematis cirrhosa L. Ethanol Extract: Cytotoxic Effects, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Chemical Profiling, Molecular Docking, and Acute Toxicity Study
Authors: Alruwad Manal I. , Salah El Dine Riham , Gendy Abdallah M. , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Khalaf Mohamed A. , El Hefnawy Hala M. , Sabry Manal M.
Published: October 2024

Background: In Jordanian traditional medicine, Clematis cirrhosa is commonly employed for the management of different diseases. Numerous investigations have documented the cytotoxic properties of different Clematis species against numerous types of cancer. Previously, we demonstrated the potential cytotoxicity of Clematis cirrhosa against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Extending our work, the current research aimed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its antiproliferative activity with a plant safety evaluation. Methods: This study evaluates the extract’s impact on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell migration through in vitro assays, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, docking studies, and an acute toxicity evaluation. Results: The Clematis cirrhosa ethanol extract (CEE) induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest (19.63%), triggered significant apoptosis (41.99%), and inhibited cell migration/wound healing by 28.15%. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed increased expression of the proapoptotic markers BAX (6.03-fold) and caspase-3 (6.59-fold), along with the reduced expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-2, in CEE-treated cells. Moreover, CEE significantly restrained angiogenesis by reducing VEGF mRNA expression by 63.9%. High-resolution LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS studies identified 26 metabolites, including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and triterpenoids. Docking studies suggested that manghaslin had the highest binding affinity for VEGFR-2, followed by calceolarioside B, quercetin 7-O-rhamnopyranoside, luteolin, and quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside. On the other hand, salvadoraside exhibited the highest binding affinity for the inhibition of caspase-3, followed by quercetin-3,7-O-diglucoside, kaempferol-3,7-O-α-L-dirhamnoside, manghaslin, and tectoridin, supporting the observed apoptotic effects. Interestingly, the outcomes further indicate that a single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg CEE is safe for consumption. Conclusions: These outcomes point to the potential of Clematis cirrhosa as a promising candidate for further exploration in cancer therapy.
Ethnobotanical Inventory of Plants Used by Mountainous Rural Communities in NW Portugal
Authors: Sá Alexandre , Mateus Teresa Letra , Brito Nuno V. , Vieira Cristiana , Ribeiro Ângela M.
Published: October 2024

Mountains matter. Rural subsistence communities living in areas with high biodiversity, such as mountains, are hotspots of ecological knowledge. However, modern lifestyles may threaten this unique cultural heritage. Our study aimed to document and analyze information on plants used to fulfill the everyday needs of the people in three rural communities in NW Portugal. Fieldwork was carried out for a period of one year and information was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. A total of 98 species, belonging to 46 families, were identified, and 142 vernacular names were recorded. Ethnobotanical richness was similar among the studied communities. The five most frequently cited species were: Pterospartum tridentatum, Erica arborea, Ruta graveolens, Zea mays and Chamaemelum nobile. Phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes comprise nearly 81% of the list. The top three uses categories (total 14) were: medicine, fuel and ritual. Digestive, skin and respiratory symptoms were the most often conditions treated with plants. Medicinal plants were used fresh and dried, mostly as infusions. The insights gathered here are important for the preservation of the cultural heritage of the local communities. Moreover, the data are of considerable scientific interest because it provides the fundaments for future studies that aim to validate/invalidate specific uses.
The Role of PLATZ6 in Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Loading of Leaves via PLATZ Family Characterization in Cucumber
Authors: Wang Peiqi , Teng Haofeng , Qiao Dan , Liang Fei , Zhu Kaikai , Miao Minmin , Hua Bing
Published: October 2024

The plant AT protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) genes, a novel cluster of plant-specific zinc-finger-dependent DNA-binding proteins, play a crucial role in regulating stress response and plant development. However, there has been little study focus on the role of the cucumber PLATZ family in assimilating loading in leaves. (1) In this study, a total of 12 PLATZ genes were identified from the cucumber genome. The cucumber PLATZ genes were clustered into five groups, and unevenly distributed on five chromosomes. A single pair of cucumber PLATZ genes underwent segmental duplication. (2) The results of genome-wide expression analysis suggested that the cucumber PLATZ genes were widely expressed in a wide range of cucumber tissues, with three PLATZ (PLATZ2, PLATZ6, and PLATZ12) genes exhibiting high expression in the vascular tissues of cucumber leaves. PLATZ2, PLATZ6, and PLATZ12 proteins were primarily located in cytomembrane and nucleus. (3) In VIGS-PLATZ6 plants, the expression of Galactinol synthase 1 (GolS1) and STACHYOSE SYNTHASE (STS), two genes involved in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) were observed to be decreased in cucumber leaves. In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis of the cucumber PLATZ family and the preliminary functional verification of PLATZ6 lay the foundation for the molecular and physiological functions of cucumber PLATZ genes.
Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg Aerial Parts on MDA Breast Cancer Cells: Insights into Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Efficacy, and Gelatinase Inhibition within 3D Cellular Models
Authors: Laghezza Masci Valentina , Ovidi Elisa , Tomassi William , De Vita Daniela , Garzoli Stefania
Published: October 2024

In this work, aerial parts of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. produced in Umbria, Italy, were chemically investigated by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) to describe their volatile profile. The results obtained showed the preponderant presence of monoterpenes, with limonene and 1,8-cineole as the main components. Further analyses by GC/MS after derivatization reaction were performed to characterize the non-volatile fraction highlighting the presence of fatty acids and di- and triterpenic compounds. T. officinale methanol and dichloromethane extracts, first analyzed by HRGC/MS, were investigated to evaluate the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and antiproliferative properties of MDA cells on the breast cancer cell line and MCF 10A normal epithelial cells as well as the antioxidant activity by colorimetric assays. The impact on matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2 was also explored in 3D cell systems to investigate the extracts’ efficacy in reducing cell invasiveness. The extracts tested showed no cytotoxic activity with EC50 > 250 µg/mL on both cell lines. The DPPH assay revealed higher antioxidant activity in the MeOH extract compared with the DCM extract, while the FRAP assay showed a contrasting result, with the DCM extract exhibiting slightly greater antioxidant capacity. After treatment for 24 h with a non-cytotoxic concentration of 500 µg/mL of the tested extracts, gelatin zymography and Western blot analyses demonstrated that both MeOH and DCM extracts influenced the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in MDA cells within the 3D cell model, leading to a significant decrease in the levels of these gelatinases, which are crucial markers of tumor invasiveness.
A Review of Green Aerogel- and Xerogel-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Tran Ngo , Choi Hyung Wook , Tran Quang Nhat
Published: October 2024

The decline in fossil fuels on the earth has become a primary global concern which has urged mankind to explore other viable alternatives. The exorbitant use of fuels by an ever-increasing global population demands a huge production of energy from renewable sources. Renewable energy sources like the sun, wind, and tides have been established as promising substitutes for fossil fuels. However, the availability of these renewable energy sources is dependent on weather and climatic conditions. Thus, this goal can only be achieved if the rate of energy production from renewable sources is enhanced under favorable weather conditions and can be stored using high energy storing devices for future utilization. The energy from renewable sources is principally stored in hydropower plants, superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, and batteries.
Mechanical Performance of Cellulose Nanocrystal and Bioceramic-Based Composites for Surgical Training
Authors: Jeon Hee-Chang , Kim Young-Seong
Published: October 2024

This study evaluated the mechanical performance of a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based composite, consisting of hydroxyapatite and natural fibers, mimicking the mechanical properties of real bone. The effect of natural nanofibers on the cutting force of the composite was evaluated for suitability in surgical training. Although hydroxyapatite has been extensively studied in bone-related applications, the exploration of epoxy-based composites incorporating both hydroxyapatite and CNC represents a novel approach. The evaluation involved a load cell with an oscillating saw. The uniform distribution of CNCs within the composite was assessed using 3D X-ray imaging. The cutting force was found to be 4.005 ± 0.5469 N at a feed rate of 0.5 mm/s, comparable to that required when cutting real bone with the osteon at 90°. The 90-degree orientation of the osteon aligns with the cutting direction of the oscillating saw when performing knee replacements on the tibia and femur bones. The addition of CNCs resulted in changes in fracture toughness, leading to increased material fragmentation and surface irregularities. Furthermore, the change in the cutting force with depth was similar to that of real bone. The developed composite material enables bone-cutting surgeries using bioceramics and natural fibers without the risks associated with cadavers or synthetic fibers. Mold-based computed tomography data allows for the creation of various bone forms, enhancing skill development for surgeons.
Modelling Approach for the Continuous Biocatalytic Synthesis of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid in Packed Bed Reactors
Authors: Hölting Kristin , Aßmann Miriam , Bubenheim Paul , Liese Andreas , Kuballa Jürgen
Published: October 2024

Continuous flow technologies have become increasingly important for biocatalytic processes. In this study, we present the application and modelling of covalently immobilised N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase in packed bed reactors for the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. The immobilised enzymes were stable under continuous flow process conditions with half-life times of >28 d (epimerase immobilised on hexamethylamino methacrylate HA403/M) or 58 d (lyase immobilised on dimenthylamino methacrylate ECR8309M), suitable for continuous flow applications. Kinetic studies revealed Michaelis–Menten kinetic behaviour for both enzymes. The kinetic parameters and the inhibitions were analysed under continuous flow conditions and were integrated into a process model using Python. The model was validated by varying flow rates, the mass of immobilised enzymes and the reactor dimensions and shows a low error compared to the measured data. An error accuracy of 6% (epimerase) or 9% (lyase) was achieved. The product concentrations of the enzyme cascade at the end of the packed bed reactor can be predicted with an accuracy of 9% for the calculation of a large column (84.5 mL) or of 24% if several small columns (2.5 mL, 0.8 mL) are connected in series. The developed model has proved to be valid and will be used to optimise the process with respect to substrate concentrations, reactor dimensions and flow rate.
Money That Matters: Coins, Banknotes, and Mediation in Tanzanian Prosperity Ministries
Authors: Lindhardt Martin
Published: October 2024

Based on long-term ethnographic research in Tanzania, this article contributes to existing scholarship on adaptations and modifications of the so-called gospel in African contexts. I show how the Prosperity Gospel has taken shape in an environment of intense religious/spiritual/medical competition and, not least, of widespread cultural concerns with the moral legitimacy of wealth generated through alliances with spiritual forces. However, I also argue that a deeper understanding of the ways in which the Prosperity Gospel has become contextualized can be reached by moving beyond a focus on cultural concerns with wealth and paying close attention to the exuberance of meanings attributed to money in its most concrete and tangible form, coins and banknotes, as well as to the religious/ritual practices involving money that such meanings inspire. I pursue my analysis by zooming in on two areas where cultural understandings of money as exceeding its materiality and its use value are prevalent: the use of powers of witchcraft to extract money from others and the practice of bride wealth. Whereas the first has to do with understandings of material money as imbued with spiritual powers, the second can be seen as an example of a gift economy, since money given by a groom to his parents-in-law by virtue of containing parts of his soul or his essence becomes the foundation of a relationship of mutual respect between them. In the last part of the article, I show how both understandings are entangled with Prosperity teachings and inform ritual practices involving material money.
Deep Tectonic Environment Analysis of the Lingshan Conjugate Earthquake within the Qinzhou Fold Belt, South China: Insights Derived from 3D Resistivity Structure Model
Authors: Yan Chunheng , Zhou Bin , Zhan Yan , Sun Xiangyu , Li Sha , Li Lei , Guo Peilan
Published: October 2024

The Qinzhou fold belt, situated at the contact zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in South China, was affected by the 1936 Lingshan M6¾ earthquake and the 1958 Lingshan M5¾ earthquake, both of which occurred within the conjugate structure. Understanding the deep seismogenic setting and causal mechanism of the Lingshan conjugate earthquake is of great significance for assessing the seismic disaster risk in the region. In this study, we utilized 237 magnetotelluric datasets and employed three-dimensional electromagnetic inversion to characterize the deep-seated three-dimensional resistivity structure of the Qinzhou fold belt and the Lingshan seismic zone. The results reveal that: (1) The NE-trending faults within the Qinzhou fold belt and adjacent areas are classified as trans-crustal faults. The faults exhibit crust-mantle ductile shear zones in their deeper sections, which are essential in governing regional tectonic deformation and seismic activity; (2) The electrical structure of the Qinzhou fold belt is in line with the tectonic characteristics of a composite orogenic belt, having experienced several phases of tectonic modification. The southeastern region is being influenced by mantle-derived magmatic activities originating from the Leiqiong area over a significant distance; (3) In the Lingshan seismic zone, the NE-trending Fangcheng-Lingshan fault is a trans-crustal fault and the NW-trending Zhaixu fault is an intra-crustal fault. The electrical structure pattern “two low, one high” in the zone has a significant impact on the deep tectonic framework of the area and influences the deformation behavior of shallow faults; and (4) The seismogenic structure of the 1936 Lingshan M6¾ earthquake was the Fangcheng-Lingshan fault. The earthquake’s genesis was influenced by the coupling effect of tectonic stress and deep thermal dynamics. The seismogenic structure of the 1958 Lingshan M5¾ earthquake was the Zhaixu fault. The earthquake’s genesis was influenced by tectonic stress and static stress triggering from the 1936 Lingshan M6¾ earthquake. The conjugate rupture mode in the Lingshan seismic zone is influenced by various factors, including differences in physical properties, rheology of deep materials, and the scale and depth of fault development.
A Study of the Mixed Layer Warming Induced by the Barrier Layer in the Northern Bay of Bengal in 2013
Authors: Ni Xutao , Qiu Yun , Lin Wenshu , Liu Tongtong , Lin Xinyu
Published: October 2024

Strong salinity stratification induced by large freshwater fluxes in the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) results in the formation of a quasi-permanent barrier layer (BL) that covers almost the entire BOB and leads to a unique temperature inversion within the thick BL in winter. In the presence of temperature inversions, the entrainment process at the bottom of the mixed layer (ML) induces warming effects in the ML, but little is known about this. In this paper, we quantify the contribution of the entrainment process to the ML temperature (MLT) in the northern BOB during the winter of 2013 using monthly and daily data from the Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator version 2 (OFES2). It is found that the warming effect of the daily entrainment heat flux (EHF), which resolved the high-frequency variations, is 4 orders of magnitude larger than the monthly EHF for most of the wintertime. This significantly enhanced warming effect in daily data offsets up to 87% of the surface cooling induced by net heat flux during wintertime. A further analysis reveals that the larger daily EHF warming effect compared to its monthly counterpart is closely related to the deepened ML, the larger temperature difference within the ML and vertical velocity at the bottom of the ML.
Hyperspectral Image Transects during Transient Events in Rivers (HITTER): Framework Development and Application to a Tracer Experiment on the Missouri River, USA
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. , Scholl Victoria M. , Sansom Brandon J. , Burgess Matthew A.
Published: October 2024

Rivers convey a broad range of materials, such as sediment, nutrients, and contaminants. Much of this transport can occur during or immediately after an episodic, pulsed event like a flood or an oil spill. Understanding the flow processes that influence the motion of these substances is important for managing water resources and conserving aquatic ecosystems. This study introduces a new remote sensing framework for characterizing dynamic phenomena at the scale of a channel cross-section: Hyperspectral Image Transects during Transient Events in Rivers (HITTER). We present a workflow that uses repeated hyperspectral scan lines acquired from a hovering uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) to quantify how a water attribute of interest varies laterally across the river and evolves over time. Data from a tracer experiment on the Missouri River are used to illustrate the components of the end-to-end processing chain we used to quantify the passage of a visible dye. The framework is intended to be flexible and could be applied in a number of different contexts. The results of this initial proof-of-concept investigation suggest that HITTER could potentially provide insight regarding the dispersion of a range of materials in rivers, which would facilitate ecological and geomorphic studies and help inform management.
High-Visibility Edge-Highlighting Visualization of 3D Scanned Point Clouds Based on Dual 3D Edge Extraction
Authors: Yamada Yuri , Takatori Satoshi , Adachi Motoaki , Brahmantara  , Hasegawa Kyoko , Li Liang , Pan Jiao , Thufail Fadjar I. , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Tanaka Satoshi
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in 3D scanning have enabled the digital recording of complex objects as large-scale point clouds, which require clear visualization to convey their 3D shapes effectively. Edge-highlighting visualization is used to improve the comprehensibility of complex 3D structures by enhancing the 3D edges and high-curvature regions of the scanned objects. However, traditional methods often struggle with real-world objects due to inadequate representation of soft edges (i.e., rounded edges) and excessive line clutter, impairing resolution and depth perception. To address these challenges, we propose a novel visualization method for 3D scanned point clouds based on dual 3D edge extraction and opacity–color gradation. Dual 3D edge extraction separately identifies sharp and soft edges, integrating both into the visualization. Opacity–color gradation enhances the clarity of fine structures within soft edges through variations in color and opacity, while also creating a halo effect that improves both resolution and depth perception of the visualized edges. Computation times required for dual 3D edge extraction are comparable to conventional binary statistical edge-extraction methods. Visualizations with opacity–color gradation are executable at interactive rendering speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using 3D scanned point cloud data from high-value cultural heritage objects.
Detecting Patient Position Using Bed-Reaction Forces for Pressure Injury Prevention and Management
Authors: Pupic Nikola , Gabison Sharon , Evans Gary , Fernie Geoff , Dolatabadi Elham , Dutta Tilak
Published: October 2024

A key best practice to prevent and treat pressure injuries (PIs) is to ensure at-risk individuals are repositioned regularly. Our team designed a non-contact position detection system that predicts an individual’s position in bed using data from load cells under the bed legs. The system was originally designed to predict the individual’s position as left-side lying, right-side lying, or supine. Our previous work suggested that a higher precision for detecting position (classifying more than three positions) may be needed to determine whether key bony prominences on the pelvis at high risk of PIs have been off-loaded. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of categorizing participant position with higher precision using the system prediction F1 score. Data from 18 participants was collected from four load cells placed under the bed legs and a pelvis-mounted inertial measurement unit while the participants assumed 21 positions. The data was used to train classifiers to predict the participants’ transverse pelvic angle using three different position bin sizes (45°, ~30°, and 15°). A leave-one-participant-out cross validation approach was used to evaluate classifier performance for each bin size. Results indicated that our prediction F1 score dropped as the position category precision was increased.
Intelligent Method of Identifying the Nonlinear Dynamic Model for Helicopter Turboshaft Engines
Authors: Vladov Serhii , Banasik Arkadiusz , Sachenko Anatoliy , Kempa Wojciech M. , Sokurenko Valerii , Muzychuk Oleksandr , Pikiewicz Piotr , Molga Agnieszka , Vysotska Victoria
Published: October 2024

This research focused on the helicopter turboshaft engine dynamic model, identifying task solving in unsteady and transient modes (engine starting and acceleration) based on sensor data. It is known that about 85% of helicopter turboshaft engines operate in steady-state modes, while only around 15% operate in unsteady and transient modes. Therefore, developing dynamic multi-mode models that account for engine behavior during these modes is a critical scientific and practical task. The dynamic model for starting and acceleration modes has been further developed using on-board parameters recorded by sensors (gas-generator rotor r.p.m., free turbine rotor speed, gas temperature in front of the compressor turbine, fuel consumption) to achieve a 99.88% accuracy in identifying the dynamics of these parameters. An improved Elman recurrent neural network with dynamic stack memory was introduced, enhancing the robustness and increasing the performance by 2.7 times compared to traditional Elman networks. A theorem was proposed and proven, demonstrating that the total execution time for N Push and Pop operations in the dynamic stack memory does not exceed a certain value O(N). The training algorithm for the Elman network was improved using time delay considerations and Butterworth filter preprocessing, reducing the loss function from 2.5 to 0.12% over 120 epochs. The gradient diagram showed a decrease over time, indicating the model’s approach to the minimum loss function, with optimal settings ensuring the stable training.
UWB-Assisted Bluetooth Localization Using Regression Models and Multi-Scan Processing
Authors: Li Pan , Guan Runyu , Chen Bing , Xu Shaojian , Xiao Danli , Xu Luping , Yan Bo
Published: October 2024

Bluetooth devices have been widely used for pedestrian positioning and navigation in complex indoor scenes. Bluetooth beacons are scattered throughout the entire indoor walkable area containing stairwells, and pedestrian positioning can be obtained by the received Bluetooth packets. However, the positioning performance is sharply deteriorated by the multipath effects originating from indoor clutter and walls. In this work, an ultra-wideband (UWB)-assisted Bluetooth acquisition of signal strength value method is proposed for the construction of a Bluetooth fingerprint library, and a multi-frame fusion particle filtering approach is proposed for indoor pedestrian localization for online matching. First, a polynomial regression model is developed to fit the relationship between signal strength and location. Then, particle filtering is utilized to continuously update the hypothetical location and combine the data from multiple frames before and after to attenuate the interference generated by the multipath. Finally, the position corresponding to the maximum likelihood probability of the multi-frame signal is used to obtain a more accurate position estimation with an average error as low as 70 cm.