bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antimalarial prescription pattern and susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Akanni O. Ifeoluwa , Ehinmidu J.O. , Bolaji R.O.
Published: October 2020

Nigeria carries the highest burden of malaria in terms of morbidity and mortality. This is compounded by continuous resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs. This study was designed to evaluate the profile of malaria patients’ antimalarial drug prescription and in vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum isolates to commonly prescribed antimalarial drugs in Kaduna, Nigeria. Three years’ records of patients antimalarial drug prescriptions were collated (2013 to 2015) and the in vitro antimalarial agent susceptibility was determined for 28 clinical isolates using WHO Mark III microtest. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was the most prescribed antimalarial for the period under review (92.3-93.7%). Among the ACTs, Artemether-lumefantrine was most prescribed. Of the 28 P. falciparum isolates evaluated, 3 (10.71%) were resistant to chloroquine with a median IC50 of 4.82μM (4.60-8.14μM), while five (17.86%) were resistant to mefloquine with a median IC50 of 25μM (10.3-41μM), 7(25.00%) to artemether with a median IC50 of 2.69μM (2.09-8.77μM), 9 (32.14%) to artesunate-mefloquine combination with a median IC50 of 9.0μM (7.98-35μM) and to artesunate, 11(39.29%) were resistant with a median IC50 of 2.4μM (1.56-5.65μM). This result shows a decline in resistance of P. falciparum to chloroquine compared to period prior to artemisinin-combination therapy as well as reduced susceptibility to artesunate and artemether. Further in vitro and in vivo monitoring will be required to inform antimalarial drug policy change.Keywords: Antimalarial, Artemisinin-combination therapy, resistance, susceptibility, microtest.
Revue bibliographique sur la composition chimique et les activités biologiques de Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae)
Authors: Tine Yoro , Diop Moussa , Ndoye Idrissa , Diallo Alioune , Wele Alassane
Published: October 2020

Cette étude avait pour objectif de faire le point sur la composition chimique et les activités biologiques de G. senegalensis, une plante médicinale  largement utilisée en Afrique par les guérisseurs traditionnels pour le  traitement de divers troubles. La plupart de ces études chimiques ont porté sur le criblage phytochimique des extraits de feuilles, de racines, de tiges et de galles. Elles ont montré la présence d'hydrates de carbone, de  stéroïdes, de saponines, de flavonoïdes, d’alcaloïdes, de tanins, de  saponines, de glycosides cardiaques, de coumarines, d’anthraquinones, d’acide ascorbique, d’hétérosides cardiotoniques, de cyanogènes et de terpénoïdes. Les potentialités thérapeutiques des extraits de G.  senegalensis rapportées dans plusieurs travaux scientifiques ont porté sur les activités antibactériennes, antitussives, antidiarrhéiques, cytotoxiques, anti-inflammatoires antipaludiques, antitrypanosomiques,  antihelminthiques, antivirales et antioxydantes. Des études de toxicité sur ces extraits ont été aussi réalisées. Ainsi, des études de caractérisation chimique (variabilité chimique), de formulation galénique et aussi de toxicité clinique sur G. senegalensis doivent être menées afin de mettre en place des produits de phytothérapie moderne.Mots clés: Phytochimie, pharmacologie, feuilles, Guiera senegalensis. English Title: Review on the chemical composition and biological activities of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae)The aim of this study was to review the chemical composition and biological activities of G. senegalensis, a medicinal plant widely used in Africa by  traditional healers for the treatment of various disorders. Most of these chemical studies have focused on the phytochemical screening of leaf, root, stem and gall extracts. They showed the presence of carbohydrate,  steroids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac  glycosides, coumarins, anthraquinones, ascorbic acid, cardiotonic  glycosides, cyanogens and terpenoids. The therapeutic potentialities of extracts of G. senegalensis reported in several scientific studies have  focused on antibacterial, antitussive, antidiarrheal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal, anthelmintic, antiviral and antioxidant activities. Toxicity studies on these extracts have also been carried out. Thus, chemical characterization studies (chemical variability), galenic formulation and clinical toxicity studies on G. senegalensis must be carried out in order to implement modern phytotherapy products.Keywords: Phytochemistry, pharmacology, leaves, Guiera senegalensis.
Perceptions of the Relationship between Cultural Biases and Farmer-Herder Conflicts in Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Mahmood Hamid U. , Azuaga Chia I.
Published: October 2020

This study examined the relationship between cultural biases and farmer-herder conflicts in Taraba State, Nigeria. The population was made up of 973 respondents comprising the households of selected farmers and herders in Taraba State. The sample size of210 was selected using purposive sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection was an 18-item questionnaire. One hundred and ninety-five (195) copies of the questionnaire were successfully retrieved and analysed. Mean and standard deviation was used to summarise the data. Findings indicated that cultural barriers which spots nomads as strangers in farming communities is among some aspects of cultural biases that promote farmer-herder conflicts in Taraba State. Government should come up with policies that will reduce the vegetative impact of cultural preferences and barriers.

Keywords: Cultural biases, farmer-herder conflicts, socio-economic activities
Sustainable Water Conservation Practices and Challenges among Smallholder Farmers in Enyibe Ermelo Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Agholor Azikiwe Isaac , Nkosi Mzwakhe
Published: October 2020

The study examined the adoption of water conservation practices and challenges encountered by smallholder farmers in water resource conservation in Enyibe, Ermelo South Africa. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. Frequency, mean and logistics regression were used for data analysis. Age (β=1.238), sex (β=-1.497), level of education (β=-1.062), access to irrigation facilities (β=1.690), payment of water tariff (β=1.369) and agricultural extension advice (β=-.631) were significant and associated with adoption of water conservation practice. The identified constraints in the adoption process were inadequate technical guidelines, financial, government policies, and inadequate knowledge of water conservation practices. There is need to improve information, showcase the benefits of water conservation, and ensure maintenance of water conservation infrastructure. Concerted effort must be made to establish robust database on water resource conservation and sources of water utilised in the area.

Keywords: Sustainable, water conservation, constraints, adoption
Institutional Factors Influencing Diary Farmers Participation in Formal and Informal Milk Markets in Maseru Urban, Lesotho, South Africa
Authors: Rantlo Ashby Montoeli , Tsoako Molulela , Muroyiwa Brian
Published: October 2020

The study assessed institutional factors influencing participation in milk markets in Maseru urban. Thirty (30) diary farmers were selected using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using percentage and logit regression model. Results showed that dairy farmers (60%) used formal market channels more than informal market channels (40%). Market information (0.083), membership in organization and collective action (0.088), government support (0.036) and contractual agreements (0.034) influence participation in formal markets while social capital (0.036), path dependency (0.043), delayed payments (0.084) and distance to milk collection centres (0.054) influence participation in the informal markets. Advance payments should be introduced; institutional support system developed as well as the decentralisation of the milk collection centers or points.

Keywords: Market participation, institutional factors, milk markets, dairy farmers
Socio- Economic Characteristics of Urban Extension Workers Influencing Empowerment of Farmers in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Mwaura Mary Njoki , Wangia Sabina Mukoya , Origa Japheth Ododa , Oliver Lee Ernest Mbatia
Published: October 2020

The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of urban extension workers on farmers’ empowerment. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 64 extension workers by utilizing the Yamane formula. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles and multiple linear regressions were utilised to analyse the data. The extension workers’ socio - economic characteristics were found to positively influence the choice of extension methods. The findings revealed that 37.2% of farmer empowerment could be explained by the choice of extension methods influenced by the characteristics of extension workers. However, 49.9% of the extension workers were not aware of the adult learning principles (ALPs) that are employed in the appropriate choice of extension methods. The study recommends that extension workers in Nairobi County be trained in competencies to consider ALPs and information communication and technology (ICT) techniques in choices of extension methods. These competencies can ultimately lead to an extension system design transformation that will assist the few extension workers to serve more farmers efficiently and effectively leading to farmer empowerment.

Key words: Extension worker characteristics, farmer empowerment, Nairobi, urban and peri-urban agriculture.
Adoption of Bio-fortified Pro-Vitamin-A Cassava and Health Outcome of Farming Households in Abia and Anambra States Nigeria
Authors: Onyeneke Robert Ugochukwu , Emenekwe Chukwuemeka Chinonso , Munonye Jane Onuabuchi , Olaolu Michael Olatunji , Izuogu Chibuzo Uzoma , Ibrahim-Olesin Sikiru , Amadi Mark Umunna , Njoku Chukwudi Loveday , Obi Joy Nneamaka
Published: October 2020

This study examined the relationship between the adoption of bio-fortified provitamin- A cassava varieties and farming households’ health  outcomes using cross sectional data obtained from 318 cassava farmers in southeast Nigeria. The data was analysed using binary logistic regression, propensity score matching of treatment effects and percentages. The study found that number of children under five, household size, education of head of household, extension service, ownership of television, radio, mobile phone and tricycle, membership of cooperative societies, and access to credit were the significant predictors of adoption of pro-vitamin-A bio-fortified cassava varieties in the States. The study also found that the main constraints militating against adoption of pro-vitamin-A bio-fortified cassava include decaying of roots immediately after maturation,high cost of cassava stem, and high moisture content. The estimate of the effect of the adoption of bio-fortified pro-vitamin-A cassava varieties onincidence of vitamin-A deficiency related diseases was significant with an average treatment effect on the adopters of -0.463. The adoption of bio- fortified pro-vitamin-A cassava varieties has substantial effect on the reduction of vitamin-A deficiency related health outcomes. There is need for wider awareness and dissemination of the varieties among cassava farmers, while interventions should target the promotion of both production and consumption of such cassava varieties.

Key words: adoption of bio-fortified cassava varieties; vitamin A deficiency related diseases
Factors influencing involvement of youth in poultry production in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Nmeregini Daniel Chinomso , Onuekwusi Gideon Chinedu , Ekweanya Ndidiamaka Martha , Elezue Chinyere Sarah
Published: October 2020

The study assessed the factors influencing the involvement of youths in poultry production in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the extent of youth’s involvement in poultry production; and ascertained the perceived factors that influence the involvement of youths in poultry production. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 120 young poultry farmers. Data collected were analyzed using percentage, and mean, as well as ordinary least square regression analysis. Results revealed that the youths in the study area participated moderately in poultry production and the foremost poultry production activities being participated by the youths included feeding ( x̄ = 2.81), packing and replacement of litters ( x̄ = 2.59), and vaccination/medication ( x̄ = 2.54). Moreover, the perceived factors influencing the youths’ involvement in poultry production were income ( = 3.69), cost of feed ( = 3.45), and availability of land ( x̄ = 3.33). The coefficients of age (0.013), membership to co-operative (0.042), years of experience (0.016), and extension contact (0.015) were positive and significantly influenced the involvement of the youths in poultry production. Enabling youths’ access to credits, subsidizing the cost of feed, and organizing training for the youths on poultry production were recommended.

Keywords: Involvement, agripreneurship, poultry production, youths
Urbanization effects on surface air temperature trends in Thailand during 1970-2019
Authors: Kachenchart Boonlue , Kamlangkla Chaiyanan , Puttanapong Nattapong , Limsakul Atsamon
Published: October 2020

Continued urban expansion undergone in the last decades has converted many weather stations in Thailand into suburban and urban setting. Based on homogenized data during 1970-2019, therefore, this study examines urbanization effects on mean surface air temperature (Tmean) trends in Thailand. Analysis shows that urban-type stations register the strongest warming trends while rural-type stations exhibit the smallest trends. Across Thailand, annual urban-warming contribution exhibits a wide range (< 5% to 77%), probably manifesting the Urban Heat Island (UHI) differences from city to city resulting from the varied urban characteristics and climatic background. Country-wide average urban warming contribution shows a significant increasing trend of 0.15 oC per decade, accounting for 40.5% of the overall warming. This evidence indicates that urban expansion has great influence on surface warming, and the urban-warming bias contributes large fraction of rising temperature trends in Thailand. The increasing trend of annual Tmean for Thailand as a whole after adjusting urban-warming bias is brought down to the same rate as the annual global mean temperature trend, reflecting a national baseline signal driven by large-scale anthropogenic-induced climate change. Our results provide a scientific reference for policy makers and urban planners to mitigate substantial fraction of the UHI warming.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Muhtarom  , Nizaruddin  , Aryan Eka Prastya Nugraha
Published: October 2020

Kemampuan guru dalam membuat media untuk pembelajaran jarak jauh harus ditingkatkan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada guru dalam membuat video pembelajaran dengan berbagai software. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan Zoom Meting selama empat hari kegiatan. Pelatihan dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan andragogi, dimana pelatihan lebih menekankan pada praktek daripada teori. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa peserta memiliki pemahaman yang meningkatkan terkait pemanfaatan software untuk membuat video pembelajaran. Pemahaman ini ditunjukkan dari peningkatan dari nilai pretest dan postest. Sedangkan kemampuan dalam pembuatan media ditunjukkan dari produk media pembelajaran yang telah dibuat oleh guru
Effect of School Environment on Students’ Commitment toward Learning among Secondary Schools in Monduli District, Tanzania
Authors: Godson Furahini , NGUSSA BARAKA MANJALE
Published: October 2020

This study sought to investigate the effect of school environment on students’ commitment toward learning among Secondary Schools in Monduli District, Tanzania. The study employed the quantitative approach in collecting and analyzing data from 346 respondents across five secondary schools in the District. The findings revealed that students’ perception were negative on the school environment as they tended to disagreed with the items. The study further indicates that students were committed toward learning. Finally, the study established the existing relationship between school environment and students’ commitment toward learning. Therefore, effective school environment predicts the rate of students’ commitment toward learning. The study therefore recommends that school management teams should work hard to improve the identified school environment factors as the factors are essential for effective learning to take place. The identified students’ commitment toward learning needs to be rewarded for students to maintain such a spirit as it is a key factor for effective learning to take place. Furthermore, school administrators should find ways to create conducive learning environment.
الوديعة الاستثمارية لأجل في بنك العز الإسلامي دراسة شرعية
Authors: بن سعيد السناني سعيد بن سالم
Published: October 2020

هذا البحث جاء تحت عنوان: الوديعة الاستثمارية لأجل في بنك العز الإسلامي دراسة شرعية”، تطرق الباحث إلى بيان طبيعة الوديعة الاستثمارية لأجل، وتكييفها الفقهي، وأهم خصائصها في الشريعة الإسلامية والمصارف الإسلامية، ثم تناول الباحث أهم الأحكام الفقهية للوديعة الاستثمارية لأجل كما هو مقرر عند الفقهاء المتقدمين والعلماء المعاصرين. عني البحث بدراسة الودائع الاستثمارية الثابتة لأجل (المضاربة) في أحد المصارف الإسلامية في سلطنة عمان، وهو بنك العز الإسلامي، حيث سلط الباحث الضوء على دراسة البنود والشروط التي اشتمل عليه العقد وتوصيفها، ومدى موافقتها للضوابط الشرعية.

خلص الباحث في نهاية الدراسة إلى أن عقد الوديعة الاستثمارية لأجل لدى بنك العز الإسلامي بسلطنة عمان عقد صحيح استوفى الشروط والأركان في عقد المضاربة الشرعية، إلا ما اشترط فيه من شرط محرم، وهو استثمار البنك للاحتياطات المقتطعة من الارباح، والتنصيص في العقد على أن العميل(المودع) لا يتحمل أية مسؤولية عن أية خسائر يتحملها البنك نتيجة هذا الاستثمار للاحتياطات. كذلك قيام البنك باستثمار الاحتياطات لصالحه فقط، ويضمن خسارتها إن وجدت
أوجه الوفاق والخلاف بين الضمان والرهن: دراسة فقهية تأصيلية تطبيقية
Authors: أديكنلي ميكائيل سعيد , أكرم لآل الدين محمد
Published: October 2020

إن الضمان والرهن عقد وثيقة دين والتزام لضمان حظ الدائن أو صاحب الحق كما أنّ الصكوك وثيقة أصول بأنواعها المتعددة.ولقد ثبت شرعاً لصاحب الحق أو الدائن طلب مدينه أية ضمانات يراها مناسبة له لاسترادده حظه منه. ثم إنّ للضمان أشكالاً مختلفة حيث قد يتّخذ شكل رهون نحو الرهن العقاري أو رهن المنقولات. وقد يتخذ شكل ضمانات شخصية نحو ضمان شخصي طبيعي أو ضمان شخص معنوي. وهذا هو النظر لذات الضمان. وأما النظر إلى من يطلب منه الضمان فقد يكون طلب الضمان موجّهاً إلى طرف ثاني؛ وهو أحد طرفي العقد، وقد يكون من طرف ثالث وهو من لا علاقة له بالعقد ولا بطرفي العقد. وحيث إنّ الضمان والرهن متقاربان من حيث المقصد والمغزى وثبث في تراثنا الفقهي قديماً إطلاقات أحدهما مكان الآخر. تتلخص أسئلة هذا البحث في هل الضمان والرهن مترادفان أم لا؟ثالثًا:، وهلطالب شخص بعينه بالضمان والرهن معاً، رابعًا: وهل يجمع بين الضمان والرهن في عقد واحد من طرف أو لا بد من توجيه الضمان والرهن للأطراف المناسبة حسبما تقتضيه طبيعة كلّ من الضمان والرهن، وهل يمكن وقوع الضمان والرهن على محل عقد واحد. تهدف هذه الورقة إلى دراسة بعض أوجه الوفاق والخلاف بين الضمان والرهن مستندة على إطلاقات الفقهاء لهذين اللفظين. وتشير الورقة إلى بعض مسائل التي تتطلب الدقة في الدراسة ومنها بعض إشكالات شرعية تتعلق بممارسات السوق المالية الإسلامية حيث إنّ من طبيعة الفقه الإسلامي التعامل والتفاعل مع الواقع العملي لتفعيل قواعد التيسير وفقا لمقصد الشريعة. وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي من خلال التوصيف الفقهي للضمان والرهن من المذاهب الفقهية الرئيسة ودراسة التطبيقات المعاصرة في الصناعة المالية الإسلامية تحليلا. وقد خلص إلى أن الضمان تميز بمتعلقه وهو الذمة بيد أن الرهن تميز بمتعلقه وهو العين إلى غيرهما مما تميز به كل منهما وكلاهما عقد توثيق ومن آليات إدارة المخاطر لمنتجات المالية الإسلامية ومنها الصكوك.
Discovery of Human Emotion using Fuzzy based Cognitive Model
Authors: Akila Dr. A. , Parameswari Dr. R.
Published: October 2020

The emotion of a human could be identified using Speech, Image and Question and answer session. Also, the emotion in speech is identified using the pitch and intensity. The emotion identification with image is done using Support Vector Machine. The present chapter envisages into an intelligent system, which is designed to understand human emotions more precisely speech emotion identification and intends to generate actions via cognitive system. It has mainly focused on developing an online incremental learning system of human emotions using Takagi-Sugeno (TS) Fuzzy model. The main objective of this system is to detect whether the observed emotion needs a new corresponding multi-model action to be generated or it can be attributed to one of the existing actions in memory. The multi-model consists of voice input, facial expression. The combined results have been classified using TS Fuzzy Model.
CADERNOS NEGROS E AMERICANAH: CABELOS CRESPOS, AFIRMAÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA E OUTROS ANSEIOS
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Maria de Jesus , Oliveira Maria Anória J.
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do presente texto é refletir sobre o processo de negação e/ou afirmação identitária das protagonistas em Impressões de uma infância (Cadernos Negros, no 36), de autoria de Silvana Martins (2013) e no romance Americanah, de Chimamanda Adichie (2014), a partir da relação com os seus cabelos crespos. Para tanto, realizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e nos norteamos em estudos oriundos da literatura em interface com outras áreas do conhecimento. Com base nos estudos de Cuti, Florentina Souza, Jailma Moreira, Ana Rita Santiago e Eduardo Duarte, situamos a noção de literatura negra/afro-brasileira e destacamos a relevância das abordagens que visibilizam as vozes/linguagens das margens (HALL, 2005; hooks, 2019). Dentre estas, as referidas obras e respectivas fundamentações. À guisa da conclusão, refletimos acerca do impacto do padrão estético brancocêntrico (cabelos lisos ou alisados) para a re/constituição identitária das protagonistas culminando-se, por fim, com a “autorrecuperação” (hooks, 2019) e, por conseguinte, a reexistência.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Memória. Cabelo crespo. Identidade. Narrativa afro-diaspórica.
UMA LEITURA SOCIOLÓGICA DE “ANA DAVENGA”, DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO
Authors: Araújo Leticia da Rocha de , Sá Michele Eduarda Brasil de
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem como foco realizar uma leitura sociológica do conto “Ana Davenga”, de Conceição Evaristo, publicado no livro Olhos d’água em 2014, apresentando reflexões preliminares a respeito da condição da mulher negra tal como retratada no conto. Parte-se da concepção da literatura como instrumento de humanização: abordar a literatura afro-brasileira contribui não só para o conhecimento da sociedade brasileira, mas também minimiza preconceitos contra o povo negro. A análise conduzida apoia-se ainda em um recorte interdisciplinar com a sociologia, tangenciando com os estudos feministas (especialmente o feminismo negro), na medida em que considera a mulher negra como alvo de duplo preconceito. Apesar da narrativa contundente de Evaristo e do trágico desfecho, o conto se encerra com uma imagem de alento em meio ao sofrimento e à desigualdade. Como resultados esperados, temos a reflexão sobre o papel da literatura afro-brasileira no combate ao preconceito racial e a interpretação de um personagem emblemático que representa a condição da mulher negra e pobre no Brasil.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Literatura Brasileira, Estudos do Conto, Cultura Afro-brasileira.
Hazánk SSC szektora és fejlesztési lehetőségei
Authors: Pusztai Patrik
Published: October 2020

Az SSC (Shared Service Center – Megosztott Szolgáltató Központ) egy olyan vállalati egység, amely az anyavállalat és a leányvállalatok egy vagy több üzemeltetési tevékenységét, részfolyamatát (HR, pénzügy, marketing, IT stb.) egy központban végzi. Az SSC vállalat létrehozásának célja az, hogy ezeket a tevékenységeket egy egységes rendszerben, hatékonyabban és olcsóbban végezzék el, mintha azt minden vállalati egységnél külön-külön tennék. Az SSC vállalatok gyakran több országot, sőt akár kontinenseket is kiszolgálnak, és a világon bárhol lehetnek (függetlenül a vállalat székhelyétől és/vagy szolgáltató-/termelőegységeitől). Tulajdonképpen csak az adott ország telepítőtényezőin múlik, hogy az SSC vállalat ott létesül-e és a fejlődése során az adott országban marad-e. Hogyan illeszkednek a magyar gazdaságba és a társadalomba ezek az SSC vállalatok? Mekkora részt vállalnak a magyar GDP megteremtésében? Előnyös-e Magyarország számára az SSC vállalatok jelenléte? Lehet-e és kell-e javítani a telepítőtényezőkön és az egyéb feltételeken ahhoz, hogy az SSC szektor számára hazánk kedvelt ország legyen? Van-e tennivalója Magyarországnak, hogy az SSC vállalatok itt maradjanak és újabbak érkezzenek hozzánk? Az SSC szektort kutatva ezekre a kérdésekre fókuszáltam szakdolgozatomban, melynek e rövidített változata átfogó képet kíván mutatni hazánk SSC szektoráról és fejlesztési lehetőségeiről.
Evaluating the effectiveness of ‘MCQ development workshop using cognitive model framework —a pre-post study
Authors: Rahila Ali  , Amber Shamim Sultan  , Nida Zahid
Published: October 2020

Abstract

A workshop on MCQ development using cognitive model framework was conducted for health educators from Aga Khan University (AKU) and other academic institutions. The aim was to develop the skill of preparing MCQs for assessing higher cognitive levels. A pre-post study was conducted, participant satisfaction was evaluated and pre–post test scores were used to assess learning capability of the workshop participants. Out of the 19 who attended the workshop, 16 participated in the pre- and post-tests and were included in the study through convenience sampling. The total duration of the study was six months. There was a significant difference in the overall pre-post test scores of the participants with a mean difference of -4.176 ± 4.83 (p value < 0.05). Continuous....
Generation of Electricity from Biological Source
Authors: Kulkarni Amey , Breed Amit
Published: October 2020

Rapid consumption of renewable energy resources has led to development of an alternative source of energy. Fuel cell technology is a reliable and sustainable source of energy which was developed. Microbial fuel cell is a type which uses active micro-organisms as catalysts for production of electricity. The micro-organisms degrade the organic substrate to release protons and electrons which generate a potential difference across the cell. Our study focused on the generation of electricity from human urine using microbial fuel cell system. Specific bacteria were used as inoculum at anaerobic anode chamber and salt solution was supplied at aerobic cathode. The chambers were connected using salt bridge which would facilitate ion transfer. This made the system cost effective. The potential difference generated was measured using digital multi-meter.
BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL: A COMPARISON OF PATIENTS MANAGED IN SECONDARY AND TERTIARY HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS IN SOKOTO, NORTHWEST NIGERIA.
Authors: Animu Chika , SA Isezuo , EU Etuk , SO Bello
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study is aimed at comparing blood pressure control (BP) of hypertensive patients managed in a tertiary health center and that of their counterparts in secondary health institutions. Methods: One hundred and fourteen outpatients managed for hypertension in a tertiary hospital and 146 patients visiting 2 secondary health care institutions were selected by simple random sampling during their clinic visits. Information such as demographic data, baseline blood pressure, comorbidities and antihypertensive treatment were obtained from case not
ANTIMALARIAL USE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING IN SOKOTO, NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: AO Jimoh , CE Shehu , AA Panti , Z Sani , K Abubakar , AM Danzaki
Published: October 2020

Background: Malaria in pregnancy still remains a public health concern that needs to be addressed; it ranks among the commonest causes of complications in pregnancy, leading to maternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study is aimed at reviewing the pattern of antimalarial use in the management of malaria in pregnancy so as to determine the compliance of prescribers to recommended guidelines and policies of drug use in pregnancy, and review the core prescribing indicators. Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted between 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2012 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto – Nigeria. Case notes of pregnant women seen and managed as a case of Malaria in pregnancy within the study period were retrieved. Data analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 17.0. Results: Four hundred and eighty two case folders were retrieved within the study period. The mean age was 26.8 ± 5.01 years. Artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs) were the most commonly prescribed drugs; Artemether-lumefantrine 68% (328), artemether 42 (8.7%), artesunate and artesunate-SP each 20 (4.1%) of the patients respectively. The diagnostic approach was clinical symptomatology (62.2%) and Laboratory confirmed in only (37.8%). Generic prescribing accounted for 48.9%, injectables and antibiotics accounted for 21.2% and 43.2% respectively. Conclusions and Recommendations: Optimum adherence to recommended treatment guidelines is advocated. ACTs were the most prescribed antimalarial irrespective of the trimester. There was lack of compliance with prompt parasitological confirmation by microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) in many of the patients suspected of malaria. Core prescribing indicators were not in consonance with standard reference values in this study. An urgent need for continuing medical education and professiona
NORBERT WIENER: A TEORIA CIBERNÉTICA DE UM MATEMÁTICO
Authors: Chaves Viviane Hengler Corrêa
Published: October 2020

Este artigo relata quais conhecimentos e experiências levaram o matemático Norbert Wiener a desenvolver a sua Teoria Cibernética. Pretendeu-se elaborar uma reconstituição histórica do surgimento e evolução da Teoria Cibernética, por meio da história de seu idealizador, Norbert Wiener, de modo a compreender as ideias que o levaram à construção de sua teoria. Integra o escopo deste artigo entender a lógica matemática que levou Wiener a conceber sua teoria; relacionar os aspectos técnicos e sua abrangência. Busca-se construir uma história não se atendo somente às obras e documentos de Wiener, os fatosdescritos, mas também compreender as relações que se deram por meio dos fatos, suas problematizações e seu contexto histórico. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental baseada nas obras e documentos de Norbert Wiener.
LEOPOLDO NACHBIN, UM EXCELENTE MATEMÁTICO BRASILEIRO DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Pereira Clóvis
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo homenageamos o matemático brasileiro, Leopoldo Nachbin, que viveu no século XX. No texto abordamos, de modo sumário, além das mais relevantes pesquisas científicas do homenageado, sua decisiva contribuição para a criação de normas administrativas legais que induzissem a formação de recursos humanos qualificados em matemática. Como ideia subjacente, desejamos contribuir, de modo modesto, para a recuperação de uma parte da memória do saber nacional, isto é, a história da matemática no Brasil. Lamentamos profundamente o fato da não existência no país, de um amplo projeto que aborde, de modo sério, a recuperação e conservação do patrimônio matemático brasileiro.
Achille Bassi e os Elementos Contribuintes à Institucionalização da Matemática no Ensino Superior Brasileiro
Authors: Da Silva Aline Leme , Alvim Márcia Helena
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo iremos buscar compreender as relações desenvolvidasentre a Universidade do Brasil e a Universidade de São Paulo (campus de São Carlos) por meio da atuação do matemático Achille Bassi e, desta forma, refletir sobre alguns elementos contribuintes ao processo de institucionalização da Matemática no Ensino Superior brasileiro. Para isso, nos deteremos resumidamente à biografia do personagem e ao contexto do processo de criação das duas Instituições de Ensino: aFaculdade Nacional de Filosofia (FNFi), integrante da Universidade do Brasil (UB), fundada em 1939 no Rio de Janeiro; e a Universidade de São Paulo (USP) criada em 1934 e expandida para o interior paulista, especificamente para São Carlos, com a criação da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC) em 1953. A pesquisa baseada naanálise de fontes documentais do acervo de Achille Bassi e da EESC discutiu o processo inicial de institucionalização da Matemática em São Paulo, sinalizando para a importância da circulação de conhecimentos e matemáticos europeus na implantação destas instituições brasileiras.
Os Números Pentagonais de Leonhard Euler
Authors: Fossa John A.
Published: October 2020

Apresenta-se, no presente trabalho, o texto latino, bem como uma tradução para o português, do artigo De mirabilibvs proprietatibus nvmerorvm pentagonalivm (“Sobre as notáveis propriedades dos números pentagonais”) da autoria de Leonhard Euler. No referente artigo, Euler continua investigações começadas noutros lugares, fazendo uma expansão do conceito de “números pentagonais” e deduzindo várias propriedades dos números pentagonais generalizados e consequências do Teorema dos Números Pentagonais. Apresenta-se também uma pequena introdução, contextualizando historicamente Euler e seu trabalho sobre os números pentagonais.
Obstáculos enfrentados por mulheres matemáticas na academia no século XX: Um estudo em seis biografias
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Aparecida , Cavalari Mariana Feiteiro
Published: October 2020

Somente em meados do século XIX as mulheres conquistaram o direito de contribuir oficialmente para a produção do conhecimento científico. Contudo, nos anos iniciais do século XX, algumas instituições ainda negavam esse direito a elas. As mulheres que se dedicaram à Ciência e à Matemática, neste século, enfrentaram uma série de situações que se constituíram obstáculos para as suas carreiras na academia. Dessa forma, realizamos o presente estudo que teve como objetivo analisar em biografias de mulheres matemáticas do século XX, obstáculos enfrentados por elas em suas carreiras acadêmicas. Para isso, realizamos um estudo de biografias de Grace Chisholm Young, Amalie Emmy Noether, Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler, Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, Mary Ellen Rudin e Vivienne Malone-Mayes e analisamos os obstáculos enfrentados por elas no acesso à academia e desenvolvimento profissional. Estas análises indicaram como obstáculo relacionado ao acesso a existência do impedimento institucional, ainda no início do século XX. Já com relação ao desenvolvimento profissional, encontramos situações de preconceitos, impedimento institucional e os confrontos entre vida pessoal e profissional. Identificamos que alguns desses elementos levantados nas análises foram se modificando juntamente com a sociedade e passaram a assumir diferentes significados ao longo do século XX. Dessa forma, entendemos que os obstáculos às carreiras das mulheres matemáticas também se modificaram com o passar dos anos.
Os tratados de George Salmon no contexto da matemática britânica no século XIX: De uma abordagem sintética para uma abordagem analítica
Authors: Lima Rodolpho Sousa , Grimberg Gérard Emile
Published: October 2020

O século XIX é um período divisor de águas na história da humanidade por apresentar os efeitos que a Revolução Industrial provocou na sociedade em geral, onde a Inglaterra foi um dos locais propulsores daquela época. Imersa nesse cenário de transformações, a matemática britânica deste período não ficou atrás em passar também por um processo de mudança. Neste sentido, destaca-se que a abordagem que se fazia presente naquele momento era herdada da tradição de Newton, Taylor e MacLaurin, a qual era fundamentada pela geometria pura ou também conhecida como geometrica sintética. Consciente de que a matemática britânica estava atrasada em relação à matemática dos demais países da Europa, um grupo de matemáticos britânicos formou a Analytical Society para introduzir uma nova abordagem fundamentada na geometria analítica e no cálculo diferencial leibniziano, desenvolvido no século anterior por matemáticos do continente, como Euler, d’Alembert e Lagrange. Esta nova perspectiva, então, proporcionou um avanço na matemática britânica. Essa transição de tratamento se manifesta nos artigos e livros de Peacock, Boole, Sylvester e Cayley, entre outros. George Salmon foi um dos matemáticos a expor essa nova abordagem em tratados didáticos. Se no primeiro tratado de Salmon, percebe-se um viés fortemente sintético, enquanto nos outros tratados posteriores, já se percebe uma abordagem analítica. Destacam-se nos tratados de Salmon os novos resultados dos geômetras do continente, além dos resultados da geometria projetiva que estavam esquecidos por mais de um século.
Camille Flammarion’s Pythagorean Moment
Authors: Fossa John A.
Published: October 2020

Flammarion’s Woodcut is a frequently discussed engraving in Camille Flammarion’s 1888 work on meteorology. It is interpreted herein as a symbolic presentation of the (Pythagorean) thesis that mathematics is the key to knowledge and, specifically, that the Calculus is the key to meteorological knowledge.
A Disciplina História da Matemática do Curso de Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, anos 1972–1982
Authors: Machado Suélen Rita Andrade , Trivizoli Lucieli M.
Published: October 2020

A História da Matemática vem se consolidando como uma disciplina autônoma desde o século XX. Entretanto, o que se sabe sobre sua trajetória histórica no Brasil ainda é limitada, pois são poucas as pesquisas históricas que retratam tal objeto investigativo. Tendo em vista esses indícios, nesse artigo apresentamos uma caracterização histórica da presença da disciplina História da Matemática no primeiro currículo do curso de Matemática da Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, nos anos 1972 a 1982. Para obtenção dos dados, nos valemos de fontes primárias do Inventário Arquivístico desse curso e, então, produzimos uma narrativa descritiva acerca da presença histórica dessa disciplina, baseada na análise documental. Os resultados apontam uma inclusão curricular breve, influenciada por outros cursos de Matemática do período e uma abordagem do conteúdo sem conexões com aspectos didático-pedagógicos formativos.
NEW APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL BIOPSY
Authors: Markovski Asparuh , Avramov Latchezar
Published: October 2020

A newly developed with the participation of the authors device for "optical biopsy" is described. The method involves recording the fluorescent and reflective spectra of human skin for early diagnosis of skin diseases. The diagnosis is based on the different response of diseased and healthy cells to radiation in certain spectral regions. System and computer software for automatic diagnostics based on a neural network, trained on biochemically justified parameters, has been developed.
MODEL-FREE METHOD FOR TIME VARYING DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS IN CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Baraharska Miroslava , Slavov Tsonyo , Markovsky Ivan
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a model-free method for time-varying dynamic measurements in a control system is presented. As an example, the dynamic mass-measurement process is examined. The method is based on the on-line estimation of time-varying parameters of autoregressive model by a recursive least square method with a constant trace of the covariance matrix. The model order selection is performed by Akaike’s information criteria. The performance of the method with respect to the variance of measurement noise is empirically tested by simulation experiments. For the aim of comparison, the Kalman filter for estimation of unknown measurement is designed. The simulation results show the advantage of the model-free method.
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR CONTROL OF MIMO PLANT USING PID AND DECOUPLING MATRIX
Authors: Rakov Bozhidar , Ruzhekov Georgi
Published: October 2020

A modified scheme is proposed for control of MIMO plant using a PID and decoupling matrix. The goal better performance of the closed loop systems and in-creased stability margin. By using a relay experiment an oscillating ultimate frequency is found, when the system is on the verge of instability. Using this estimation one applies a correction, which increases the stability margin of the closed loop system.
LABORATORY SETUP FOR INVESTIGATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELECTROHYDRAULIC STEERING UNITS
Authors: Mitov Alexander , Slavov Tsonyo , Kralev Jordan , Angelov Ilcho
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the developed experimental setup for investigation of
electrohydraulic steering units (EHSU) is presented. The workability of designed by the authors system for control of electrohydraulic steering with controller is investigated. In comparison with other similar control systems, the presented one uses additional feedback-signal from sensor for position of proportional spool valve (LVDT) integrated into EHSU. This feedback allows achieving better performance of control systems. The
design of the controller is done by solving a mixed sensitivity ptimization problem. The plant model used in controller synthesis is multivariable model with three outputs and one input. This model is obtained by identification procedure. The presented experimental results show workability of the developed system.
Conocimiento y utilización de plantas medicinales en comunidades yuracares. TIPNIS, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Peredo Lazarte Andrés , Pinto Rios Cyntia Roxana
Published: October 2020

Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las características socioculturales, el uso y conocimiento de plantas medicinales en las comunidades indígenas yuracares de San Benito, San Juan y San Andita. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, pero desde un enfoque cualicuantitativo. El universo fueron los habitantes indígenas yuracares mayores de 18 años, pertenecientes a una de las tres comunidades San Benito, San Juan y San Andita. El muestreo fue de tipo intencional, dirigida o no probabilístico, por tratarse de poblaciones pequeñas, obteniéndose una muestra de 95 participantes. Resultados: la edad promedio es de 29 años con una desviación estándar de 11,9 años, 55% son las mujeres y 45% los varones, 73% tiene un estado civil de unión estable o concubinato. En cuanto a grado de instrucción o escolaridad encontramos un promedio de 4 años de estudio y cuando se agrupa por niveles vemos que más del 50% tiene una formación básica. El 95% de la población conoce de la existencia de plantas medicinales en su comunidad, utilizadas principalmente en afecciones gastroenterológicas. Conclusiones: las afecciones gastrointestinales son la principal causa por la que estas comunidades acuden al uso de plantas medicinales. Las especies Mansoa Alliacea y Petiveria Alliacea son las plantas más utilizada en las comunidades indígenas yuracares.
Esporotricosis: presentación de un caso inusual
Authors: Jaldín Juan Pablo , Rodríguez Auad Juan Pablo
Published: October 2020

La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea de evolución crónica que puede afectar a humanos y animales, causada por el complejo Sporothrix schenckii, se considera un padecimiento ocupacional y su vía de entrada es a través de traumatismos, es frecuente en niños y adolescentes. Se comunica el caso de una adolescente de 12 años, con historia clínica de un año de evolución de causas no bien identificadas de dermatosis facial localizada en región pre-auricular izquierda, constituida por una placa eritematosa, escamosa, indurada, de bordes definidos. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de esporotricosis cutánea fija por el aislamiento en el cultivo y biopsia de lesión. La paciente fue dada de alta con tratamiento de yoduro de potasio durante dos meses.
Embarazo heterotópico: reporte de un caso
Authors: Hochstatter Arduz Erwin , Gonzales Vargas Andrea
Published: October 2020

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino de 36 años de edad, natural de Cochabamba, con embarazo ectópico tubárico en la trompa derecha, asociado a un embarazo intrauterino de 6.4 semanas de gestación por FUM, sin antecedentes patológicos personales ni familiares de relevancia clínica; fue tratada quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Obrero Nro 2 CNS, optándose por la laparotomía con salpinguectomía; se realizó prevención de aborto del saco intrauterino con resultados satisfactorios.
Práticas de accountability: transparência e prestação de contas nas instituições públicas de ensino superior da região sul do Brasil
Authors: Keunecke Lucas Peter , Teles João , Melo Pedro Antônio de
Published: October 2020

Este artigo analisa a transparência dos portais eletrônicos das instituições públicas de ensino superior da região sul do Brasil, quanto às contas públicas e ações praticadas para aumento da transparência pública. O universo da pesquisa contemplou vinte e nove instituições, sendo onze universidades federais, nove universidades estaduais, três universidades municipais e seis institutos federais. O panorama da disponibilização das contas públicas permitiu identificar um baixo nível de transparência, especialmente nas universidades municipais. Verificou-se que estas instituições ainda são incapazes de dar pleno atendimento à Lei de Acesso à Informação, a qual trouxe novidades importantes para a transparência pública. O descumprimento de diversos aspectos legais implica na oferta de um conteúdo desqualificado pela administração, dificultando a construção de um ambiente propício à accountability, o que tolhe de inúmeros usuários interessados a possibilidade concreta de realizarem um controle social mais efetivo.
Array and spectral ratio techniques applied to seismic noise to investigate the Campi Flegrei (Italy) subsoil structure at different scales
Authors: Nardone Lucia , Esposito Roberta , Galluzzo Danilo , Petrosino Simona , Cusano Paola , La Rocca Mario , Di Vito Mauro Antonio , Bianco Francesca
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the subsoil structure of the Campi Flegrei area using both spectral ratios and array techniques applied to seismic noise. We have estimated the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves by applying the Frequency–Wavenumber (f–k hereinafter) and Modified Spatial Autocorrelation (MSPAC) techniques to the seismic noise recorded by the underground short period seismic Array “ARF”, by the broadband stations of the UNREST experiment and by the broadband stations of the seismic monitoring network of INGV – Osservatorio Vesuviano. We have performed the inversion of a dispersion curve (obtained averaging the f–k and MSPAC dispersion curves of seismic noise and single phase velocity values of coherent transient signals) jointly with the H∕V spectral ratio of the broadband station CELG, to obtain a shear wave velocity model up to 2000 m depth. The best-fit model obtained is in a good agreement with the stratigraphic information available in the area coming from shallow boreholes and deep wells drilled for geothermal exploration. In active volcanic areas, such as Campi Flegrei, the definition of the velocity model is a crucial issue to characterize the physical parameters of the medium. Generally, a high quality characterization of the medium properties helps to separate the contributions of the volcanic source, path and site in the geophysical observables. Therefore, monitoring possible variations in time of such properties in general can help to recognize anomalies due to the volcano dynamics, i.e. fluid migration connected to the volcanic activity.