bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of load on the fretting wear behavior of TC4 alloy treated by SMAT in artificial seawater
Authors: Liu Zhenlin , Xu Feng , Luan Xiaoxiao , Yu Sujuan , Guo Baoli , Zhang Xiaofeng , Xin Long
Published: December 2024

The TC4 alloy has become an ideal material for marine engineering due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and light weight in seawater. However, components made from TC4 alloys often come into contact with parts such as propellers and turbine engine blades, leading to severe fretting wear during operation and significantly reducing their service life. In this study, the untreated TC4 alloy samples were used as the control group, and the samples after 240 min of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) were selected to investigate the fretting wear behavior under different load conditions in artificial seawater environment. The results show that the friction coefficient of TC4 alloy remains relatively unaffected by load variations, both before and after SMAT treatment. With the increase of load, the fretting regime gradually changed from gross slip to partial slip, and the wear depth, volume and wear rate increased. Under the same load, the wear volume of TC4 alloy after SMAT treatment is significantly reduced, indicating that its wear performance has been improved.
Fecal microbiota transplantation in severe pneumonia: a case report on overcoming pan-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: Zhuang Liying , You Yanjing , Zeng Shenyuan , Yu Zongyang , Wang Huijuan , Chen Meiyan , Wen Wen
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate the therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating severe pneumonia patients with concurrent pan-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Methods

A case report of a 95-year-old female patient with severe pneumonia, complicated by pan-resistant bacterial infections, is presented. The patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19, along with co-infections of Staphylococcus hominis, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida tropicalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ESBL-producing pan-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. During hospitalization, the patient underwent comprehensive treatments, including antimicrobials, mechanical ventilation, and fiberoptic bronchoscopic alveolar lavage. FMT was administered following the failure of conventional treatments to resolve recurrent diarrhea, increased sputum production, and persistent pan-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Results

Post-FMT, the patient exhibited significant clinical improvement, including reduced sputum production, cessation of diarrhea, and the normalization of respiratory symptoms. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that FMT enhanced the abundance of beneficial microbiota and suppressed Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the patient was successfully discharged after 133 days of hospitalization.

Conclusion

FMT emerged as a pivotal intervention in the management of this severe pneumonia case, suggesting its efficacy in restoring gut microbiota balance and aiding recovery from multi-drug-resistant infections. This case underscores the potential of FMT as a therapeutic option in severe pulmonary infections, especially in the context of antibiotic resistance in severe pneumonia patients.
The benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions
Authors: Liang Runa , Lian Jun , Zhang Jinhui , Jing Jiayu , Bian Jinxia , Xu Jinzhi , He Xin , Yu Shanshan , Zhou Qi , Jiang Jue
Published: December 2024

Background

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) shows potential for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions in general, but its effectiveness remains unclear for the differential diagnosis of lesions highly suspicious for breast cancers.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS in differentiating pathological subtypes of suspicious breast lesions defined as category 4 of US-BI-RADS.

Methods

The dataset of 150 breast lesions was prospectively collected from 150 patients who underwent routine ultrasound and CEUS examination and were highly suspected of having breast cancers. All lesions were pathologically confirmed by US-guided needle biopsy and surgery. The qualitative features and the quantitative parameters of CEUS of these breast lesions were analyzed. The CEUS and biopsy examinations were performed after informed consent.

Results

In the qualitative features, crab clam-like enhancement, the presence of more than two enhanced vessels within lesions, and surrounding enriched vessels inserting into lesions were able to differentiate atypical fibroadenomas (FIB) and mass-like non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) from invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) (p < 0.05). The enlarged scope, irregular shape, and perfusion deficiency were valuable to the differential diagnosis of FIB from the others (p < 0.05). In the four quantitative parameters of CEUS, only the peak intensity (IMAX) contributed to the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors (p < 0.05, ROCAUC: 0.61, sensitivity: 60.4% and specificity: 65.9%, accuracy: 62.1%). However, IMAX did not show any difference in the paired comparison of IDC, DCIS, FIB, and NPM (p > 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results showed that heterogeneous perfusion, crab clam-like enhancement, and partial_ IMAX were independent risk factors for benign and malignant breast lesions (p < 0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic of the integrated model was 0.89. In the diagnosis of benign and malignant pathological subtypes of breast lesions, independent risk factors and integrated models had no statistical significance in the diagnosis of IDC and DCISs, FIB, and NPM (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Some qualitative risk features of CEUS can distinguish malignant breast lesions from NPM and atypical FIB with a high score of US-BI-RADS, aiding physicians to reduce the misdiagnosis of suspicious breast lesions in clinical practice.
Antibiotic legacies shape the temperature response of soil microbial communities
Authors: Wepking Carl , Lucas Jane M. , Boulos Virginia S. , Strickland Michael S.
Published: December 2024

Soil microbial communities are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and land management decisions, thus altering microbially-mediated ecosystem functions. Increasingly, multiple stressors are considered in investigations of ecological response to disturbances. Typically, these investigations involve concurrent stressors. Less studied is how historical stressors shape the response of microbial communities to contemporary stressors. Here we investigate how historical exposure to antibiotics drives soil microbial response to subsequent temperature change. Specifically, grassland plots were treated with 32-months of manure additions from cows either administered an antibiotic or control manure from cows not treated with an antibiotic. In-situ antibiotic exposure initially increased soil respiration however this effect diminished over time. Following the 32-month field portion, a subsequent incubation experiment showed that historical antibiotic exposure caused an acclimation-like response to increasing temperature (i.e., lower microbial biomass at higher temperatures; lower respiration and mass-specific respiration at intermediate temperatures). This response was likely driven by a differential response in the microbial community of antibiotic exposed soils, or due to indirect interactions between manure and soil microbial communities, or a combination of these factors. Microbial communities exposed to antibiotics tended to be dominated by slower-growing, oligotrophic taxa at higher temperatures. Therefore, historical exposure to one stressor is likely to influence the microbial community to subsequent stressors. To predict the response of soils to future stress, particularly increasing soil temperatures, historical context is necessary.
Nipah virus survey in Pteropus medius of eastern and northeastern region of India, 2022–2023
Authors: Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Patil Dilip , Mathapati Basavaraj , Rai Vishal , Shete Anita , Belani Sujeet , Kumar Abhinendra , Sahay Rima , Patil Deepak , Yadav Pragya D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

India has experienced seven outbreaks of the Nipah virus (NiV) since 2001, primarily occurring in the southern and eastern regions of the country. The southern region has been the main site for these outbreaks. In contrast, the eastern region, which borders Bangladesh, has not reported any outbreaks since 2007. However, Bangladesh continues to experience nearly annual outbreaks, indicating a significant lack of surveillance in that area. To improve the country’s preparedness and to gather support for enhancing public health surveillance in eastern and northeastern states near the area affected by the NiV, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of NiV in the bat species Pteropus medius in Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, and Meghalaya states in India, which are adjacent to Bangladesh.

Methods

Throat and rectal swabs, blood samples, and organ samples were collected. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized for the detection of Nipah viral RNA, and sequencing was conducted for further confirmation. Bat IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed for antibody detection.

Results

Throat and rectal swab samples of 212 P. medius tested for NiV using qRT- PCR were found negative, whereas organ samples of two (one each from West Bengal and Bihar) out of the 10 bats collected tested positive. The retrieved NiV genome (~91%) showed close homology to the NiV-Bangladesh genotype indicating the circulation of two geographically distinct NiV strains in India. The seroprevalence estimated by ELISA ranged from 23 to 65% in the studied states.

Discussion

The serological and virological evidence obtained from the study indicates that a broader geographical area is under threat of spillover in India. It’s crucial to implement a One Health approach connecting bat surveillance studies with human surveillance and risk factor studies in the region.
Highly diverse endophytic fungi from Serra do Amolar-Pantanal (Brazil) producing bioactive secondary metabolites against phytopathogens
Authors: Mayrhofer Bárbara Fanaya , Iantas Jucélia , Noriler Sandriele Aparecida , Ponomareva Larissa V. , Thorson Jon S. , Rohr Jürgen , Shaaban Khaled A. , Glienke Chirlei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The exploration of new bioactive compounds for agricultural applications is critical for sustainable development. Endophytic fungi, particularly those from underexplored biomes in Brazil, represent a promising source of natural compounds. This study focused on isolation and bioprospecting endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Vochysia divergens (Pohl), grown in Serra do Amolar (Brazilian Pantanal Biome), with an additional emphasis on conserving microbial biodiversity.

Methods and results

Leaves and petioles were collected from 18 V. divergens specimens, from which 293 endophytes were isolated and grouped by morphological characteristics into 91 phenotypes. One representative of each phenotype was selected for secondary metabolite extraction and taxonomic identification. Fungi belonging to 27 families and 32 different genera were identified, with Diaporthe, Phyllosticta, and Pseudofusicoccum as the most predominant. We also introduce and describe a new endophytic species, Diaporthe amolarensis. Multiple extracts inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum abscissum, with a superior effect compared to the fungicide control. These extracts were produced by Diaporthe amolarensis, Xylaria arbuscula, and Nemania primolutea. Additionally, the extract from one X. arbuscula isolate displayed moderate activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS analyses of these most inhibitory extracts revealed natural products with beneficial potential that need characterization and to have their modes of action elucidated.

Discussion

Finally, a very important contribution of this study was the ex situ conservation of the biodiversity of the Serra do Amolar, allowing future studies and biotechnological applications involving endophytes from this region.
Disparate molecular mechanisms in cardiac ryanodine receptor channelopathies
Authors: Zhang Yadan , Seidel Monika , Rabesahala de Meritens Camille , Beckmann Astrid , Ahmed Syeda , Hurtz Melanie , Lai F. Anthony , Zorio Esther , Parthimos Dimitris , Zissimopoulos Spyros
Published: December 2024

Aims

Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) are associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). This study investigates the underlying molecular mechanisms for CPVT mutations within the RyR2 N-terminus domain (NTD).

Methods and Results

We consulted the high-resolution RyR2 structure in both open and closed configuration to identify mutations G357S/R407I and A77T, which lie within the NTD intra- and inter-subunit interface with the Core Solenoid (CSol), respectively. Their structural and functional roles were compared to R169L, a mutation that lies within the NTD-NTD inter-subunit interface. Using chemical cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we show that R169L disrupts NTD tetramerization, while it does not alter the NTD-CSol interaction. Single cell Ca2+ imaging revealed that R169L increases the number of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and the proportion of oscillating cells, while reducing the Ca2+ store content. G357S and R407I do not affect NTD tetramerization, but they also do not alter the NTD-CSol interaction. Functionally, RyR2G357S-expressing cells have Ca2+ handling properties similar to RyR2WT. A77T enhances the NTD-CSol interaction, while it does not affect NTD tetramerization. Like R169L, A77T also increases the number of spontaneous Ca2+ transients and the proportion of oscillating cells, and it reduces the Ca2+ store content. However, unlike R169L that displays Ca2+ transients of normal amplitude and shorter duration, Ca2+ transients for A77T are of smaller amplitude and normal duration.

Conclusion

The NTD-CSol inter-subunit interface variant, A77T, produces a hyperactive channel by altering a different structure-function parameter to other CPVT mutations within the RyR2 NTD. Reduced NTD-NTD inter-subunit interaction and reinforced NTD inter-subunit interaction with CSol are distinct molecular mechanisms for gain-of-function RyR2 arrhythmogenic mutations.
Development and validation of a novel model to predict post-stroke cognitive impairment within 6 months after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wei Ming , Zhu Xiaofeng , Yang Xiu , Shang Jin , Tong Qiang , Han Qiu
Published: December 2024

Background

Cognitive decline following acute ischemic stroke (AIS), termed post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), is a prevalent phenomenon that significantly elevates disability and mortality rates among affected patients. The objective of this investigation was to develop a robust clinical prediction model capable of forecasting PSCI within six months post-AIS and subsequently validate its effectiveness.

Methods

A cohort of 573 AIS patients was stratified into two groups: those with PSCI (260 cases) and those who remained cognitively normal (CN) (313 cases). These patients were further subdivided into three distinct cohorts: a development cohort comprising 193 AIS patients, an internal validation cohort with 193 AIS patients, and an external validation cohort encompassing 187 AIS patients. A thorough multifactor logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of PSCI, which were subsequently incorporated into the prediction model for comprehensive analysis and validation. The discriminatory power, calibration accuracy, and clinical net benefits of the prediction model were rigorously evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses, respectively.

Results

Utilizing a meticulously selected panel of variables, including smoking status, alcohol consumption, female gender, low educational attainment, NIHSS score at admission, stroke progression, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, stroke localization, HCY levels, and Lp-PLA2 levels, a clinical prediction model was formulated to predict the occurrence of PSCI within six months of AIS. The model demonstrated AUC-ROC values of 0.898 (95%CI, 0.853–0.942), 0.847 (95%CI, 0.794–0.901), and 0.849 (95%CI, 0.7946–0.9031) in the development, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively. Further validation through calibration curve analyses, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests, and additional metrics confirmed the model’s impressive predictive performance.

Conclusion

The proposed model exhibits strong discriminative ability for predicting PSCI and holds considerable promise for guiding clinical decision-making. However, ongoing optimization with multicenter data is necessary to bolster its robustness and broaden its applicability.
Panvascular concept in the evaluation and treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Tang Jiahao , Zhou Guoyang , Lu Yuexin , Shi Shunan , Cheng Lin , Xiang Jianping , Wan Shu , Wang Ming
Published: December 2024

Cerebrovascular disease is the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke, especially in the Asian population. It is urgent to explore effective screening methods for early diagnosis to improve prognosis of patients with ICAS. Recently, the concept of panvascular medicine has provided a direction for the exploration of evaluation of ICAS. Based on the concept of “panvascular medicine,” atherosclerosis is the common pathological feature of panvascular disease, such as ICAS and coronary artery disease (CAD). In-depth research on the formation and development of plaques, the development and application of more precise preoperative assessment and detection methods, and the utilization of new interventional equipment have greatly enhanced the precision of diagnosis and treatment of CAD. Studies attempt to apply similar evaluation and treatment in ICAS. The deeper understanding, the more accurate diagnosis and treatment, contributing to improve the prognosis of patients with ICAS. This review focuses on these evaluations and treatment of CAD applied in the field of ICAS.
Association of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study based on dose-response analysis
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Junyi , Luo Qian , Zhuang Jieying , Xiao Ruiyan , Wang Huijuan , Yang Xudong , Wei Xiaolan , Cai Jiangping
Published: December 2024

Objective

We investigated the relationship between lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) and common imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods

Data from 835 CSVD patients were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine CSVD-associated factors. Multivariate models assessed the association between LCR and CSVD, including common imaging markers. Subgroup analysis by age, sex, smoking history, hypertension, lipid levels, and other factors was conducted. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and 10-fold cross-validation were performed to evaluate the predictive performance of LCR.

Results

Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio was independently associated with a decreased risk of CSVD (p < 0.001), indicating a protective role of LCR against CSVD. Among the imaging markers of CSVD, LCR in the highest quartile was negatively associated with moderate-to-severe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (p = 0.002) and moderate-to-severe enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (p < 0.001), but not with lacune (p > 0.05). The restrictive cubic spline analysis revealed a linear dose-response relationship between log-transformed LCR and the incidence of CSVD (Pnon-linear = 0.090) as well as moderate-to-severe WMH (Pnon-linear = 0.304), with a non-linear association with moderate and severe EPVS (Pnon-linear = 0.001). In the subgroup analyses, LCR remained a significant association with CSVD in most subgroups (p < 0.05). Notably, a significant correlation was observed between LCR and CSVD (p < 0.001) in the subgroups of non-smokers, those with neutrophil count ≤6.3 × 109/L, and with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥1 mmol/L. No interaction effect was identified between the variables and the LCR (p > 0.1). The predictive capability of LCR for CSVD was confirmed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Conclusion

Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio is an independent protective factor for CSVD and is associated with lower WMH or EPVS burden but not lacune. Inflammation is involved in CSVD pathophysiology through multiple pathways, providing potential targets for CSVD intervention.
Myosin XVA isoforms participate in the mechanotransduction-dependent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in auditory stereocilia
Authors: López-Porras Ana I. , Kruse Ava M. , McClendon Mark T. , Vélez-Ortega A. Catalina
Published: December 2024

Auditory hair cells form precise and sensitive staircase-like actin protrusions known as stereocilia. These specialized microvilli detect deflections induced by sound through the activation of mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels located at their tips. At rest, a small MET channel current results in a constant calcium influx which regulates the morphology of the actin cytoskeleton in the shorter ‘transducing’ stereocilia. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this novel type of activity-driven plasticity in the stereocilium cytoskeleton are currently unknown. Here, we tested the contribution of myosin XVA (MYO15A) isoforms, given their known roles in the regulation of stereocilia dimensions during hair bundle development and the maintenance of transducing stereocilia in mature hair cells. We used electron microscopy to evaluate morphological changes in the cytoskeleton of auditory hair cell stereocilia after the pharmacological blockage of resting MET currents in cochlear explants from mice that lacked one or all isoforms of MYO15A. Hair cells lacking functional MYO15A isoforms did not exhibit MET-dependent remodeling in their stereocilia cytoskeleton. In contrast, hair cells lacking only the long isoform of MYO15A exhibited increased MET-dependent stereocilia remodeling, including remodeling in stereocilia from the tallest ‘non-transducing’ row of the bundle. We conclude that MYO15A isoforms both enable and fine-tune the MET-dependent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in transducing stereocilia, while also contributing to the stability of the tallest row.
Periodic paralysis across the life course: age-related phenotype transition and sarcopenia overlap
Authors: Suetterlin Karen , Law Sinead , Arnold William David
Published: December 2024

In Periodic Paralysis (PP), a rare inherited condition caused by mutation in skeletal muscle ion channels, the phenotype changes with age, transitioning from the episodic attacks of weakness that give the condition its name, to a more degenerative phenotype of permanent progressive weakness and myopathy. This leads to disability and reduced quality of life. Neither the cause of this phenotype transition, nor why it occurs around the age of 40 is known. However, 40 is also the age of onset of ‘normal’ age-related physiological decline when we consider (a) muscle mass and strength (b) physical function at the world class level and (c) age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Elevated Na+, mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak via the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) have been implicated in both periodic paralysis myopathy and skeletal muscle ageing. We suggest this combination may trigger a negative spiral ultimately leading to progressive muscle failure. Understanding the interaction between ageing physiology and disease phenotype will provide a window into the healthy ageing process but also help understand how, and why PP phenotype changes with age. Understanding the mechanism underlying PP phenotype-transition and its link with ageing physiology, not only has the potential to identify the first disease modifying therapies for PP, but also to identify novel and potentially tractable mechanisms that contribute to sarcopenia, the pathological loss of muscle mass and function with age.
A Bayesian dynamic stopping method for evoked response brain-computer interfacing
Authors: Ahmadi Sara , Desain Peter , Thielen Jordy
Published: December 2024

Introduction

As brain-computer interfacing (BCI) systems transition fromassistive technology to more diverse applications, their speed, reliability, and user experience become increasingly important. Dynamic stopping methods enhance BCI system speed by deciding at any moment whether to output a result or wait for more information. Such approach leverages trial variance, allowing good trials to be detected earlier, thereby speeding up the process without significantly compromising accuracy. Existing dynamic stopping algorithms typically optimize measures such as symbols per minute (SPM) and information transfer rate (ITR). However, these metrics may not accurately reflect system performance for specific applications or user types. Moreover, many methods depend on arbitrary thresholds or parameters that require extensive training data.

Methods

We propose a model-based approach that takes advantage of the analytical knowledge that we have about the underlying classification model. By using a risk minimization approach, our model allows precise control over the types of errors and the balance between precision and speed. This adaptability makes it ideal for customizing BCI systems to meet the diverse needs of various applications.

Results and discussion

We validate our proposed method on a publicly available dataset, comparing it with established static and dynamic stopping methods. Our results demonstrate that our approach offers a broad range of accuracy-speed trade-offs and achieves higher precision than baseline stopping methods.
Gestalt, Navon and Kanizsa illusion processing in CVI, ADHD, and dyslexia Children with Normal verbal IQ
Authors: Hokken Marinke J. , Van Der Zee Ymie J. , Pereira Rob Rodrigues , Rours Ingrid G. I. J. G. , Frens Maarten A. , van der Steen Johannes , Pel Johan J. M. , Kooiker Marlou J. G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Global Visual Selective Attention (VSA) is the ability to integrate multiple visual elements of a scene to achieve visual overview. This is essential for navigating crowded environments and recognizing objects or faces. Clinical pediatric research on global VSA deficits primarily focuses on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, dyslexia) similar deficits are reported. The aim of this study was to investigate global VSA performance in children with CVI, ADHD, dyslexia and neurotypical children by combing gaze-based measures with conventional neuropsychological tasks.

Methods

We included children aged 6–12 years with CVI (n = 20), ADHD (n = 30), dyslexia (n = 34) and neurotypical development (n = 37), all with normal verbal IQ. Eye tracking measurements were stepwise introduced within three global VSA tasks: Gestalt Closure (no eye tracking), Navon stimuli (eye tracking-based qualitative analysis) and Kanizsa Illusory Contours (KIC; eye tracking-based quantitative analysis). Verbal responses were compared with non-verbal gaze behavior.

Results

Children with CVI had significantly lower success rates on Gestalt Closure recognition, prolonged verbal response times on Navon stimuli, and decreased verbal and gaze performance on the KIC task compared to all other groups, irrespective of visual acuity. Children with ADHD and dyslexia performed similar to neurotypical children on all tasks.

Discussion

The results suggest а distinct global VSA deficit in children with CVI, which aligns with clinical observations of symptoms in daily life. Incorporating gaze-based analyses provided new information about search strategies beyond verbal answers and made the KIC task more inclusive for children with language and motor disabilities. Assessing global VSA within clinical CVI assessments could improve the differential diagnostic evaluations among children with CVI, ADHD and dyslexia, leading to more personalized treatment approaches.
A mini review of leveraging biobanking in the identification of novel biomarkers in neurological disorders: insights from a rapid single-cell sequencing pipeline
Authors: Miller Joseph S. , Rose Michael , Roell Jonathan , Ubhe Samruddhi , Liu Tom , Segal Benjamin M. , Bell Erica H.
Published: December 2024

Recent successes in the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosing and managing neurological diseases underscore the critical need for cutting-edge biobanks in the conduct of high-caliber translational neuroscience research. Biobanks dedicated to neurological disorders are particularly timely, given the increasing prevalence of neurological disability among the rising aging population. Translational research focusing on disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) poses distinct challenges due to the limited accessibility of CNS tissue pre-mortem. Nevertheless, technological breakthroughs, including single-cell and single-nucleus methodologies, offer unprecedented insights into CNS pathophysiology using minimal input such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and brain biopsies. Moreover, assays designed to detect factors that are released by CNS resident cells and diffuse into the CSF and/or bloodstream (such as neurofilament light chain [NfL], glial fibrillar acidic protein [GFAP] and amyloid beta peptides), and systemic factors that cross the blood–brain barrier to target CNS-specific molecules (e.g., autoantibodies that bind either the NMDA receptor [NMDAR] or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG]), are increasingly deployed in clinical research and practice. This review provides an overview of current biobanking practices in neurological disorders and discusses ongoing challenges to biomarker discovery. Additionally, it outlines a rapid consenting and processing pipeline ensuring fresh paired blood and CSF specimens for single-cell sequencing that might more accurately reflect in vivo pathways. In summary, augmenting biobank rigor and establishing innovative research pipelines using patient samples will undoubtedly accelerate biomarker discovery in neurological disorders.
Body shape concerns and behavioral intentions on eating disorders: a cross-sectional study of Chinese female university students using an extended theory of reasoned action model
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Zhao Jing , Yuan Han , Gao Zeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Weight and body shape concerns have become increasingly common among adolescents. Chinese university students show a high risk of eating disorder behaviors. This study aims to analyze the moderating effect of BMI on the relationships between body shape, attitudes, subjective norms, and eating disorder behavioral intentions among Chinese female university students using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model.

Methods

A stratified random sample of 679 female Chinese university students (age, mean ± SD = 19.792 ± 1.007) participated in the study. The surveys comprised the Theory of Reasoned Action Questionnaire (TRA-Q) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BS-Q) to assess their body shape concerns and behavioral intentions regarding eating disorders. Structural equation modeling was used to test the extended TRA model, with body shape as an additional predictor and BMI as a moderator.

Results

Body shape positively affected attitudes (β = 0.444, p < 0.001), subjective norms (β = 0.506, p < 0.001), and intentions (β = 0.374, p < 0.001). BMI significantly moderated the relationships between attitudes (t = −3.012, p < 0.01), subjective norms (t = −2.678, p < 0.01), and body shapes (t = −4.485, p < 0.001) toward eating disorder intentions.

Conclusion

Body shape and BMI directly influence eating disorder behavioral intentions among Chinese female university students. The findings suggest that young Chinese women’s eating disorder intentions are increasingly influenced by external factors related to body shape and BMI.
Inadequate consumption of vitamin A-rich foods among preschool children in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekisso Selamawit Mathewos , Dake Samson Kastro , Haile Dibora Teferi , Nane Debritu
Published: December 2024

Background

The primary cause of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries like Ethiopia is the inadequate consumption of vitamin A-rich foods. Preschool children are particularly vulnerable due to their higher nutritional requirements and increased susceptibility to infections. This study aims to assess the prevalence of inadequate consumption of vitamin A-rich foods and identify the associated factors among preschool children in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage sampling to select 471 households with preschool children between July 15 and August 15, 2021. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of inadequate consumption of vitamin A-rich foods. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression. The strength of the associations was estimated using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value <0.05.

Result

The prevalence of inadequate consumption of Vitamin A-rich foods among pre-school children in this study was 381 (81.1%) with a 95% confidence interval of 77.3 to 84.9%. Predictors for inadequate consumption of Vitamin A rich foods were being a girl [AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.69], aged 46–59 months [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.93], rural residence [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.57], family size of five or more [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.15, 4.86], household income of <2000 Ethiopian Birr [AOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.18, 13.40], and morbidity in last 2 weeks [AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.74].

Conclusion

This study showed that the participants’ consumption of vitamin A-rich food was inadequate. Greater emphasis be placed on food-based tactics to increase pre-schoolers’ intake of foods high in vitamin A. Enhancing socioeconomic status is also crucial for increasing the intake of foods high in vitamin A.
Food order affects blood glucose and insulin levels in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Murugesan Ria , Kumar Janardanan , Thiruselvam Shubhashree , Leela Kakithakara Vajravelu , Geetha K. , Satheesan Abhishek , Chaithanya Venkata , Angelin Matcha
Published: December 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, including a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the future. Effective management often involves dietary changes, such as food-order, where vegetables are consumed first, followed by proteins, and then carbohydrates last. This study investigates whether food sequence improves glycemic control in women with GDM by slowing carbohydrate absorption, reducing glucose spikes, and enhancing insulin sensitivity.

Methods

Twenty-five women with GDM participated in a four-week trial with three phases: baseline measurement (week 0), phase 1 (regular diet), and phase 2 (food-order) intervention. Primary outcomes were blood glucose and serum insulin levels, measured at fasting, 1-h, and 2-h postprandial intervals during each phase. In phase 1 (weeks 0–2), participants followed their usual diet. In phase 2 (weeks 2–4), the same participants followed a food-order regimen: vegetables first, then proteins, and carbohydrates last. Customized meal plans for vegetarians and non-vegetarians were provided. Participants were monitored via a mobile application (Jotform) for adherence. Follow-up blood glucose and insulin were measured before, and 60 and 120 min after, consuming a standardized meal (339 kcal, 16.4 g protein, 56.1 g carbohydrates, 3.4 g fat) in the clinic.

Results

The food-order intervention resulted in a significant reduction in postprandial blood glucose by 5.87% (p = 0.001) at 60 min and 6.06% (p = 0.001) at 120 min. Also, Serum insulin levels decreased by 8.13% (p = 0.001) at 60 min and 11.10% (p = 0.001) at 120 min, compared to the regular diet. These results suggest improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion

Prioritizing vegetables before protein and carbohydrates improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in women with GDM. This simple strategy helps regulate blood glucose and may reduce the long-term risk of T2DM. It offers a practical approach to managing GDM, but further research with larger cohorts and longer interventions is needed to assess its long-term effects.

Clinical trial registration

https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/regtrial.php?modid=1&compid=19&EncHid=81473.12293, identifier CTRI/2024/01/061220.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Celebi Coskun Ece , Coskun Alper , Sahin Ahmet Bilgehan , Levent Fatih , Coban Eyup , Koca Fatih , Sali Seda , Demir Omer Furkan , Deligonul Adem , Tenekecioglu Erhan , Cubukcu Erdem , Evrensel Turkkan , Vatansever Agca Fahriye
Published: December 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are generally associated with rare cardiac side effects, yet instances like myocarditis can be fatal. Therefore, detecting and managing left ventricular dysfunction early in ICI therapy is vital.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate whether left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) is a predictor for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in patients receving ICI.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 44 cancer patients who received ICI therapy and underwent pre- and post- treatment assessments of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV GLS between May 2022 and November 2023. Retrospective comparisons and evaluations were conducted on pre-treatment and 3-month interval LVEF and LV GLS measurements during the first year of treatment.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 5.3 months (0.5-18.9). No statistically significant difference between baseline and subsequent time points was observed in LVEF and LV GLS values (p>0.05). At the 3-month evaluation, a notable decrease in LVEF and LV GLS was observed in two patients. One patient with reduced LVEF and LV GLS succumbed to myocarditis, and another experienced sudden death of unknown etiology. The other two patients had decreased LV GLS with normal LVEF. Subsequent follow-ups of the patients exhibiting decreased LV GLS alone revealed no further decline in LVEF or LV GLS.

Conclusion

In our study, a reduction in LV GLS did not demonstrate a significant role in the early prediction of ICI-related myocarditis or cardiac dysfunction. Further validation through multicenter, large-scale, prospective studies with extended follow-up periods is needed to confirm these findings.
Recurrent pneumothoraces caused by a high-grade lung carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation: a case report
Authors: Csaba Márton , Megyesfalvi Zsolt , Báthory-Fülöp László , Pintér Tamás , Agócs László , Döme Balázs , Rényi-Vámos Ferenc , Ghimessy Áron Kristóf
Published: December 2024

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are tumors that occur during pregnancy, while non-gestational trophoblastic tumors have a similar histology but are present outside of gestation. Literature reports several cases of non-gestational trophoblastic tumors of primary pulmonary origin, which pose diagnostic challenges and are associated with a poor prognosis. This report details a case of somatic high-grade carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation primarily manifesting in the left lung with recurrent pneumothoraces. The tumor was initially diagnosed as a poorly differentiated pleomorphic carcinoma and was treated with paclitaxel and pembrolizumab, followed by the EMA-CO/EP regimen after the detection of liver, lung, and brain metastases. Despite initial treatment responses, the disease progressed with widespread metastases and severe complications, including myelotoxicity, empyema, and subarachnoid bleeding. The disease progressed rapidly, resulting in death within two years of diagnosis, highlighting the aggressive nature of this high-grade carcinoma with trophoblastic differentiation. Non-gestational trophoblastic tumors may represent a distinct disease group with unique clinical characteristics, and genetic analysis could help identify more cases.
Panel containing three serum microRNAs: a promising biomarker for early detection of bladder cancer
Authors: Ge Zhenjian , Lin Shengjie , Lu Chong , Xia Yong , Li Rongkang , Li Xinji , Sun Chen , Wen Zhenyu , Chen Wenkang , Li Yingqi , Li Mingyang , Lin Yu , Dong Jing , Tao Lingzhi , Ji Ling , Lai Yongqing
Published: December 2024

Background

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common tumor worldwide. Screening for BC currently lacks a highly efficient, non-invasive, and inexpensive method. Serum microRNA (miRNA), which is stable and commonly present, has the potential to serve as a novel marker for BC diagnosis.

Materials & methods

Based on a study involving 112 BC patients and 112 healthy subjects, we conducted this research in three phases to identify applicable microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum for BC diagnosis using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A panel with optimal diagnostic value was developed. Additionally, we used bioinformatic analysis to explore the potential biological functions of the crucial miRNAs.

Results

The diagnostic panel consisted of miR-212-3p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-206, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838, sensitivity of 83.33%, and specificity of 73.81%. Furthermore, ATF3, GJA1, JPH2, MVB12B, RUNX1T1, SLC8A1, SPATA6, and TPM3 may be potential target genes of these three miRNAs.

Conclusion

We developed a three-miRNA panel that could serve as a highly efficient and inexpensive biomarker for BC diagnosis and screening.
Diagnostic and therapeutic role of non-coding RNAs regulating programmed cell death in melanoma
Authors: Wang Zixu , Xie Cong , Chen Xiao
Published: December 2024

lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are heterogeneous RNA molecules that modulate various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, via different mechanisms. An increasing amount of research indicates that abnormal expression of lncRNA influences the development of drug resistance as well as the genesis and advancement of cancer, including melanoma. Furthermore, they are attractive biomarkers for non-invasive cancer diagnostics due to their strongly modulated expression and improved tissue and disease specificity. This review offers a succinct overview of the present understanding concerning the potential diagnostic biomarker potential of lncRNAs in melanoma. Cell death occurs frequently during growth and throughout life and is an active, organized, and genetically determined process. It is essential for the regulation of homeostasis. Controlled cell death and non-programmed cell death are both forms of cell death. The most prevalent forms of regulatory cell death are pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, necrosis, and apoptosis. Ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy are less common forms of cell death compared to necrosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. ncRNAs are regulatory RNA molecules that are not involved in encoding proteins. They primarily consist of circular RNAs (circ RNAs), lncRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Moreover, non-coding RNAs have the ability to modulate tumor cell autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional stage, as well as function as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which can have considerable effects on the incidence and growth of tumors. This review concentrated on the recent advancements in the research of the diagnostic and therapeutic functions of ncRNAs in the regulation of programmed cell death in melanoma.
Multiple sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine with perforation as the initial symptom: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fu Jixin , Kong Qingbin , Sui Xin , Wang Xinjian
Published: December 2024

Background

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small bowel is an exceedingly rare gastrointestinal tumor characterized by a biphasic cellular pattern of epithelioid and mesenchymal-like cells. Due to its rarity and non-specific clinical presentation, it is frequently misdiagnosed, and there is a lack of standardized management guidelines. We report a case of multiple sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine, presenting initially with gastrointestinal perforation. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of the clinical manifestations, immunohistological characteristics, and prognostic factors associated with small intestinal sarcomatoid carcinoma, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies for this rare malignancy.

Case presentation

An 82-year-old man was admitted with a 1-week history of abdominal pain, exacerbated by the onset of fever in the last 24 hours. Abdominal CT revealed thickening of the small intestinal wall and free gas within the mesenteric space, indicating gastrointestinal perforation. Emergency surgery identified multiple tumors in the small intestine, accompanied by perforation. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine.

Conclusion

We report a rare case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine and conduct a thorough literature review to offer new insights into its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This highly malignant tumor, predominantly found in the jejunum and ileum, is characterized by high recurrence and metastasis rates, leading to a poor prognosis. Notably, postoperative radiotherapy does not improve outcomes. Abdominal CT is highly sensitive for detecting small bowel tumors but cannot confirm SCA due to its nonspecific imaging features. In contrast, small enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy offers greater diagnostic clarity. Increased awareness among clinicians is crucial for early detection and intervention.