bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Burden of Induced Laryngeal Obstruction in Adolescents and Children
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Lunga Tadeas , Francis David O. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Diagnosing pediatric induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) requires equipment typically available in specialist settings, and patients often see multiple providers before a diagnosis is determined. This study examined the financial burden associated with the diagnosis and treatment of ILO in pediatric patients with reference to socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods

Adolescents and children (<18 years of age) diagnosed with ILO were identified through the University of Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes Database. Procedures, office visits, and prescribed medications were collected from the electronic medical record. Expenditures were calculated for two time periods (1) pre‐diagnosis (first dyspnea‐related visit to diagnosis), and (2) the first year following diagnosis. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was used to estimate patient socioeconomic status to determine if costs differed with neighborhood‐level disadvantage.

Results

A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria (13.9 years, 79% female). Total pre‐diagnosis costs of ILO averaged $6486.93 (SD = $6604.14, median = $3845.66) and post‐diagnosis costs averaged $2067.69 (SD = $2322.78; median = $1384.12). Patients underwent a mean of 3.01 (SD = 1.9; median = 2) procedures and 5.8 (SD = 4.7; median = 5) office visits prior to diagnosis. Pharmaceutical, procedure/office visit, and indirect costs significantly decreased following diagnosis. Patients living in neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage underwent fewer procedures and were prescribed more medication than those from more affluent areas. However, total expenditures did not differ based on ADI.

Conclusions

Pediatric ILO is associated with considerable financial costs. The source of these costs, however, differed according to socioeconomic advantage. Future work should determine how ILO diagnosis and management can be more efficient and equitable across all patients. Laryngoscope, 134:3384–3390, 2024
The Recent Advances of Polymer–POSS Nanocomposites With Low Dielectric Constant
Authors: Miao Li , Zhan Lingling , Liao Shenglong , Li Yang , He Tian , Yin Shouchun , Wu Lianbin , Qiu Huayu
Published: January 2024

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation methods for polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) monomers and polymer/POSS nanocomposites. It focuses on the latest advancements in using POSS to design polymer nanocomposites with reduced dielectric constants. The study emphasizes exploring the potential of POSS, either alone or in combination with other materials, to decrease the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of various polymers, including polyimides, bismaleimide resins, poly(aryl ether)s, polybenzoxazines, benzocyclobutene resins, polyolefins, cyanate ester resins, and epoxy resins. In addition, the research investigates the impact of incorporating POSS on improving the thermal properties, mechanical properties, surface properties, and other aspects of these polymers. The entire study is divided into two parts, discussing systematically the role of POSS in reducing dielectric constants during the preparation of POSS composites using both physical blending and chemical synthesis methods. The goal of this research is to provide valuable strategies for designing a new generation of low dielectric constant materials suitable for large‐scale integrated circuits in the semiconductor materials domain.
Porous Poly(ionic Liquid) Membrane with Metal Nanoparticle Gradient: A Smart Actuator for Visualizing Chemical Reactions
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Jing , Liu Si‐Hua , Sun Jian‐Ke
Published: January 2024

Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)‐based porous membranes are extensively investigated as soft polymer actuators. While PILs have shown significant advancements in membrane fabrication and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (MNPs), research on integrating MNPs into porous membranes to achieve actuation behavior under multiple stimuli is limited. Herein, this work presents a new paradigm for designing a porous PIL‐polyacrylic acid (PAA) membrane with a distinct MNP gradient via a top‐bottom diffusion approach involving a metal salt precursor solution and NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The strong binding sites provided by PILs, combined with the gradient distribution of ‐COO− groups across the membrane cross‐section, play a significant role in controlling the MNPs’ gradient distribution. Interestingly, the MNPs within the membrane display excellent catalytic activity in exothermic reactions such as H2O2 decomposition, dissipating uneven heat that quickly permeates the membrane network. This induces asymmetrical swelling of polymer chains, resulting in rapid membrane bending. Furthermore, such MNP‐loaded membrane could serve as a portable test paper for visually monitoring H2O2. This advancement paves the way for the development of intricate smart actuation materials and expands their practical applications in various real‐life scenarios.
Dynamics of a generalist predator–prey system with harvesting and hunting cooperation in deterministic/stochastic environment
Authors: Sha Amar , Roy Subarna , Kumar Tiwari Pankaj , Chattopadhyay Joydev
Published: January 2024

In this investigation, we explore a predator–prey system characterized by generalist predators exhibiting cooperative behavior during hunting, subject to nonlinear harvesting rate. Employing a Beverton–Holt type functional response to capture the impact of additional food sources on predator growth, our numerical findings affirm the destabilizing influence of hunting cooperation, excessive predation, and supplementary food sources. Conversely, the system demonstrates stabilization in response to increased prey species growth. We unveil the occurrence of both forward and backward bifurcations in the system due to the predator growth attributed to additional food sources, contingent on the degree of hunting cooperation. To broaden the scope, we extend our proposed model to its stochastic counterpart, introducing environmental white noises. Our numerical results anticipate that higher intensities of white noises lead to fluctuations of greater amplitude, while smaller intensities exhibit a more modest impact. Additionally, we elucidate the dynamics of prey and predator populations through histogram plots. The theoretical and numerical insights derived from this study provide a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics within predator–prey systems of ecological communities, emphasizing the significance of additional food sources for cooperative predators subject to harvesting in both constant and fluctuating environments.
A high‐linearity LC‐VCO with combined MOS varactors and bulk‐biased PMOS varactors for gain variation compensation
Authors: Wang Ka'nan , He Yunxiang , Tang Renjie , Li Dan , Geng Li , Gui Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

A high‐linearity LC‐voltage‐controlled oscillator (LC‐VCO) with combined metal‐oxide semiconductor varactors and bulk‐biased P‐channel metal‐oxide semiconductor varactors in parallel is proposed to reduce the VCO‐gain (KVCO) variation and extend the linear range of the control voltage. Fabricated in a 180‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor process, the proposed topology achieves a low gain variation of less than 6.3% and a tuning range of ~28% operating from 2.31 to 3.06 GHz, corresponding to a linear control voltage range from 0.6 to 1.4 V. The phase noise is measured to be −115.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset at 3.06 GHz and the figure of merit (FoM) is −181.2 dBc/Hz. The oscillator occupies an area of 0.93 × 0.54 mm and consumes 1.8 mW from mixed 1.2/1.8 V supply voltage.
Micro‐mechanism of stress‐dilatancy anisotropy in granular materials: Affine and nonaffine deformation
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Xiaoxiao
Published: January 2024

The stress‐induced dilatancy anisotropy is an important kinematic response in granular materials and is very complex due to the stochastic motion of particles. In this study, the local stress‐dilatancy relationship is investigated referring to the local contact force and relative displacement in a certain contact direction. The micromechanism of this anisotropy is investigated from the view of affine and nonaffine approaches based on DEM simulation. Numerical results indicate that the local nonaffine dilatancy/contraction tendency is opposite with that of local affine deformation in macroscopic compression and extension direction, which mainly stems from the counteraction effect between the normal components of affine and nonaffine displacements. The local stress‐dilatancy of affine and nonaffine components is linear and orientation‐dependent, which results in the nonlinear character of macroscopic stress‐dilatancy. By establishing an analytical relation of stress‐dilatancy, the local affine/nonaffine dilatancy is decomposed into the component of stress‐induced dilatancy synchronized with the local stress anisotropy; and the component of stress‐induced dilatancy asynchronized with the local stress anisotropy. The former is related to the unchanged isotropic microstructure, and the latter attributes to the anisotropic microstructure. Besides, the contribution of nonsliding contacts to nonaffine dilatancy is larger than that of sliding contacts even for the case of relatively higher sliding ratio, which indicates that the heterogeneous deformation attributes not only to the friction dissipation, but to the blocked energy at micro contacts in granular materials.
Mechanical properties, surface treatments, and applications of jute fiber reinforced composites—A review
Authors: Shakir Mufaddal Huzefa , Singh Akant Kumar
Published: January 2024

The rise in environmental concerns and pollution is largely to blame for the popularity of jute and its hybrid composites. Jute fibers are inexpensive, plentiful, and have acceptable mechanical characteristics such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength, along with a moderate to high tensile modulus. Environmental worries about the risks of composites made with synthetic fibers have caused an exponential growth in research into all‐natural fibers and materials. Many applications have made heavy use of jute and its hybrid composites. Hybrid jute‐based composites offer improved mechanical and physical characteristics that are marginally superior to jute fiber composites. This review includes a thorough examination of composites made of jute fiber. The main objective of this review article is to offer a critical analysis and highlight all recent advancements in jute‐based composites. The information in the article covers a variety of jute‐based composites topics, such as their chemical composition, surface treatments, mechanical and physical properties, applications, and hybrid jute‐based composites.
Spatial profiling reveals tissue‐specific neuro‐immune interactions in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Duan Suzann , Sawyer Travis W , Witten Brandon L , Song Heyu , Else Tobias , Merchant Juanita L
Published: January 2024

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP‐NETs) are heterogeneous malignancies that arise from complex cellular interactions within the tissue microenvironment. Here, we sought to decipher tumor‐derived signals from the surrounding microenvironment by applying digital spatial profiling (DSP) to hormone‐secreting and non‐functional GEP‐NETs. By combining this approach with in vitro studies of human‐derived organoids, we demonstrated the convergence of cell autonomous immune and pro‐inflammatory proteins that suggests their role in neuroendocrine differentiation and tumorigenesis. DSP was used to evaluate the expression of 40 neural‐ and immune‐related proteins in surgically resected duodenal and pancreatic NETs (n = 20) primarily consisting of gastrinomas (18/20). A total of 279 regions of interest were examined between tumors, adjacent normal and abnormal‐appearing epithelium, and the surrounding stroma. The results were stratified by tissue type and multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN1) status, whereas protein expression was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tumor immune cell autonomous inflammatory signature was further evaluated by IHC and RNAscope, while functional pro‐inflammatory signaling was confirmed using patient‐derived duodenal organoids. Gastrin‐secreting and non‐functional pancreatic NETs showed a higher abundance of immune cell markers and immune infiltrate compared with duodenal gastrinomas. Compared with non‐MEN1 tumors, MEN1 gastrinomas and preneoplastic lesions showed strong immune exclusion and upregulated expression of neuropathological proteins. Despite a paucity of immune cells, duodenal gastrinomas expressed the pro‐inflammatory and pro‐neural factor IL‐17B. Treatment of human duodenal organoids with IL‐17B activated NF‐κB and STAT3 signaling and induced the expression of neuroendocrine markers. In conclusion, multiplexed spatial protein analysis identified tissue‐specific neuro‐immune signatures in GEP‐NETs. Duodenal gastrinomas are characterized by an immunologically cold microenvironment that permits cellular reprogramming and neoplastic transformation of the preneoplastic epithelium. Moreover, duodenal gastrinomas cell autonomously express immune and pro‐inflammatory factors, including tumor‐derived IL‐17B, that stimulate the neuroendocrine phenotype. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A statistical approach for failure analysis involving uncertainty in determining ply orientation
Authors: Rahul Kirtunia , Jack David A. , Smith Douglas E.
Published: January 2024

This article presents the uncertainty of the part performance due to the estimated ply orientations of a carbon fiber laminate inspected using ultrasound inspection. Recent developments to quantify the orientation using ultrasound inspection is accurate to within for each lamina. The research presented in the current work statistically analyzes the impact this uncertainty in measurement has on the resulting expected failure envelope using two different analytical methods: (1) Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulation approach extending classical laminate theory and (2) Closed form approach of Mean Value First Order Second Moment method based on derivatives of failure envelope as a function of lamina orientation. The results are validated against a commercial finite element‐based MC simulation approach. The Tsai‐Wu failure criteria is implemented to determine the first ply failure stresses by applying a variety of planer loads to form the failure envelope for a given layup sequence of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate. In this article, using stochastic simulations, the failure envelope is no longer deterministic but is stochastic in nature and converts the reporting from a deterministic factor of safety concept to a probability of failure for a given loading state. The analysis is visualized and quantified using the cumulative‐density‐function (CDF), which demonstrates the similarity between the stochastic results and the classical deterministic approach. To demonstrate a possible end use of the presented statistical analysis, a study of a woven composite laminate is presented where the ply orientation is estimated using ultrasound and the resulting CDF of failure is presented.

Highlights

Statistical analysis (Monte‐Carlo, mean value, first order, second moment) on the ply orientation variability via ultrasound inspection.

Statistical analysis of classical laminate theory and FE based Tsai‐Wu failure model is developed and compared.

Tsai‐Wu failure envelope is quantified and visualized using cumulative density function.
Design and experiment of high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry chip based on an integrated temperature control printed circuit board structure
Authors: Zeng Hao , Zhang Yu‐Qiao , Wang Yi‐Fei , Du Xiao‐Xia , Xiao Wen‐Xiang , Li Hua
Published: January 2024

Rationale

During the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) using high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), the ambient temperature significantly impacts the accuracy of planar FAIMS. To mitigate the influence of ambient temperature on detection accuracy and enhance resolution, a FAIMS system based on the inner impedance characteristics of a printed circuit board (PCB) was designed for temperature control.

Methods

This study, conducted under standard atmospheric pressure, aimed to assess the signal stability of a planar FAIMS instrument with and without temperature control, and the effect of temperature change on the detection ability of acetone, ethanol, and their mixture was studied using PCB self‐heating.

Results

Experimental results demonstrated that the base noise in FAIMS with temperature control was 0.2 pA, whereas that in FAIMS without temperature control was 1.8 pA. Notably, with increasing temperature, the detection ability of FAIMS changes accordingly. The optimal relative detection ability of acetone was observed when the electrode plate was heated to 45°C under an electric field of 15 kV/cm.

Conclusions

This study provides a novel approach to improve the resolving power of FAIMS systems and their signal‐to‐noise ratio. The utilization of a PCB‐based temperature control proved effective in stabilizing FAIMS signal characteristics and optimizing detection capabilities, particularly for VOCs such as acetone. These findings have significant implications for improving the accuracy and resolving power of FAIMS systems in VOC detection applications.
Effectiveness of peer mentoring in the study entry phase: A systematic review
Authors: Gehreke Laura , Schilling Hannes , Kauffeld Simone
Published: January 2024

Peer mentoring is a widely employed strategy in higher education to foster student development and integration. However, the effectiveness of peer mentoring in higher education lacks well‐established statements. A systematic review was conducted to assess the efficacy of peer mentoring during the initial phase of academic studies. This review evaluated effectiveness based on four outcomes: intention to drop out, the sense of belonging, academic and social integration. It also scrutinised gender disparities and distinctions between digital and non‐digital, and group‐based and individual peer mentoring. The review revealed that peer mentoring is an effective support mechanism, yielding favourable impacts across various outcomes: social and academic integration, career benefits, emotional benefits, soft skills, university‐life balance, study dropout intention and sense of belonging to university. Gender disparities were generally inconspicuous in most studies. Digital peer mentoring proved effective, though students reported reduced levels of social support compared to non‐digital peer‐mentoring. Both individual and group‐based peer mentoring programmes were utilised, but specific outcomes distinguishing the two formats were not discerned. In summary, peer mentoring proves to be a valuable resource for first‐year students, particularly concerning academic and social integration. To holistically address the diverse needs of first‐year students additional approaches may be considered.
How can food processing achieve food and nutrition security?
Authors: Fardet Anthony , Gold Stefan , Delgado Amélia , Kopsahelis Nikolaos , Kachrimanidou Vasiliki , Kaur Lovedeep , Galli Francesca , Rock Edmond
Published: January 2024

In the agri‐food chain, while the impact of producers and consumers on sustainability has been well studied, food processing has been less explored. This position paper aims to discuss the potential of food processing to address all food and nutrition security (FNS) outcomes in order to achieve improved food system sustainability. First, FNS dimensions and the four pillars of agro‐food industry sustainability are defined, with a focus on ultra‐processed foods. Second, the food matrix concept is developed as a new paradigm to holistically address all FNS. It is concluded that food processing should become more involved in circular food systems and bioeconomy, and that we need to relocate food production, processing, and consumption to be more aligned with regional food production specificities. For this, minimal processing to preserve food matrices should be preferred. Therefore, the strong current tendency to develop reductionist and siloed innovative solutions to improve the sustainability of food systems should be questioned.
Synthesis of pyrazolone derivatives of coumarin as anticancer agents
Authors: Patil Jayashree V. , Soman Shubhangi S. , Umar Shweta , Girase Pankaj , Balakrishnan. Suresh
Published: January 2024

Pursuing on our efforts towards searching for efficient anticancer agents herein we have designed and synthesized pyrazolone derivatives of 7‐amino 4‐methyl coumarin and 6‐amino coumarin. Anticancer activity of all the compounds were performed against lungs cancer cell line (A549) and breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) using MTT assay. Out of all the compounds, compounds 17 c and 19 b exhibited remarkable activity with IC50 value of 1.22 μM and 1.66 μM against lungs cancer cell line (A549) breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) respectively. Consequently, both compounds 17 c and compound 19 b were selected to study their cytotoxicity mechanism using different assays which includes EtBr/AO assay in respective cell, quantification of ROS using DCFH‐DA dye. To explore the behavioral and selective properties of the synthesized molecules, experimental analysis was complemented with computational methods. The electronic and structural parameters for both compound 17 c and 19 b were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and correlated with the observed biological activity. Molecular docking was conducted to explore the interaction of compounds 17 c and 19 b with pivotal apoptotic genes, namely p53 and caspase 3. Compound 17 c exhibited docking scores of −8.6 and −8.4 kcal/mol for p53 and caspase 3, while compound 19 b showed scores of −9.3 kcal/mol for both genes, significantly surpassing fluorouracil. Hence, compound 17 c and 19 b can be pursued for further studies, including molecular and In Vivo investigations.
Catalysis‐Controlled Selective N‐mono or N‐di‐methylation of Anilines: A Review on Synthesis of N‐methyl or N,N‐dimethyl anilines
Authors: Zhang Fuhua , Chen Kun , Min Xin , Yang Wen , Su Miaodong , Cao Zhongzhong
Published: January 2024

N‐alkyl anilines are a series of common and versatile compounds which not only have been used as reaction solvents, acid‐accepters, and organic‐bases, but also in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and anti‐colodal. The N‐methyl and/or N,N‐dimethyl anilines are the most representative ones among these. Due to their widespread uses, numerous works have been reported on synthetic strategies in the past decades. The studies on N−H methylations of anilines mainly focus on selection of reagents, selection of catalysts, or ligands design. Different transition‐metals, e. g., Ir, Ru, Pd, and et. al, with different ligands have been used in the methylation protocols. Methanol (CH3OH), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), or dimethyl carbonate ((CH3)2CO3) was used as C source, and hydrogen (H2) or silanes as H source. In this work, we would like to summarize the latest advances on the synthesis of N‐methyl (N,N‐dimethyl included) anilines and derivatives. This review provides an overview of reactants and catalyst, as well as an emphasis on the scope of substrates and proposed reaction mechanism for each work.
Solvothermal‐induced synthesis of in‐situ carbon‐coated antimony nanoparticles as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Xie Xin , Liang Qian , Huang Shu
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention due to their low cost of raw materials and high potential as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries in energy storage systems. Owing to its favorable reaction potential (0.6 V vs Na/Na+) and high reversible capacity (660 mAh g−1), antimony (Sb) has been extensively studied as an anode material for SIBs. However, the poor cyclability of a pure Sb anode, induced by the mechanical stress mechanism, hinders its application. Herein, carbon microspheres catalyzing the in‐situ polymerization and coating of Sb are developed through a “solvothermal‐induced” synthesis method. During the solvothermal process in the presence of carbon microspheres, SbCl3 can react with ethylene glycol to generate an organic‐inorganic hybrid precursor. This precursor can be further reduced into carbon‐coated Sb with controllable carbon content. Benefiting from an in‐situ coating process that buffers the volume change of Sb, the as‐prepared carbon‐coated Sb anode shows improved Na‐storage performance. It achieves a capacity of 330 mAh g−1 (based on the total mass of Sb and carbon) at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits good cycling stability at 1 A g−1. This work contributes to a facile approach for preparing a carbon‐coated metallic anode for SIBs.
Nonclassical Growth Mechanism of Double‐Walled Metal‐Oxide Nanotubes Implying Transient Single‐Walled Structures
Authors: Paineau Erwan , Bourdelle Franck , Bhandary Rajesh , Truche Laurent , Lorgeoux Catherine , Bacia‐Verloop Maria , Monet Geoffrey , Rouzière Stéphan , Vantelon Delphine , Briois Valérie , Launois Pascale
Published: January 2024

The formation of imogolite nanotubes is reported to be a kinetic process involving intermediate roof‐tile nanostructures. Here, the structural evolution occurring during the synthesis of aluminogermanate double‐walled imogolite nanotubes is in situ monitored, thanks to an instrumented autoclave allowing the control of the temperature, the continuous measurement of pH and pressure, and the regular sampling of gas and solution. Chemical analyses confirm the completion of the precursor's conversion with the release of CO2, ethanol, and dioxane as main side products. The combination of microscopic observations, infrared, and absorption spectroscopies with small and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments unravel a unique growth mechanism implying transient single‐walled nanotubes instead of the self‐assembly of stacked proto‐imogolite tiles. The growth formation of these transient nanotubes is followed at the molecular level by Quick‐X‐ray absoprtion specotrscopy experiments. Multivariate data analysis evidences that the near neighboring atomic environment of Ge evolves from monotonous to a more complex one as the reaction progresses. The following transformation into a double‐walled nanotube takes place at a nearly constant mean radius, as demonstrated by the simulation of X‐ray scattering diagrams. Overall, transient nanotubes appear to serve for the anchoring of a new wall, corresponding to a mechanism radically different from that proposed in the literature.
Metal Phosphide Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Latest Applications and Progress
Authors: Wang Longzhen , Li Qingmeng , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Yiting , Li Yifei , Chai Jiali , Han Ning , Tang Bohejin , Rui Yichuan , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), as the next‐generation high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices, have attracted widespread attention due to their cost‐effectiveness and wide geographical distribution of sodium. As a crucial component of the structure of SIBs, the anode material plays a crucial role in determining its electrochemical performance. Significantly, metal phosphide exhibits remarkable application prospects as an anode material for SIBs because of its low redox potential and high theoretical capacity. However, due to volume expansion limitations and other factors, the rate and cycling performance of metal phosphides have gradually declined. To address these challenges, various viable solutions have been explored. In this paper, the recent research progress of metal phosphide materials for SIBs is systematically reviewed, including the synthesis strategy of metal phosphide, the storage mechanism of sodium ions, and the application of metal phosphide in electrochemical aspects. In addition, future challenges and opportunities based on current developments are presented.
Naphthalenediimide‐Based Polymer Dots with Dual Acceptors as a New Class of Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Mekhemer Islam M. A. , Wu Ying‐Sheng , Elewa Ahmed M. , Chen Wen‐Chang , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Chou Ho‐Hsiu
Published: January 2024

Organic‐conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) are emerging as promising photocatalysts for solar‐driven hydrogen production. However, organic solvents are commonly used as cosolvents in photocatalytic systems to promote the dispersion of organic materials and improve the overall efficiency of the photocatalytic process. Herein, two naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based Pdots, with and without surfactant, are fabricated and presented as highly efficient and stable photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven hydrogen generation in a solvent‐free organic system for the first time. The prepared Pdots exhibit high photocatalytic activity and remarkable photostability. Achieving high efficiency and long‐term photostability is essential for the future commercialization of large‐scale hydrogen production. Furthermore, the NDI‐BTF‐PS‐PEG‐COOH Pdots of the dual acceptor (A1‐D‐A2‐D system) consisting of a strong acceptor (NDI, A1) and a weak acceptor (BTF, A2) exhibit high photocatalytic efficiencies and stabilities with Pt‐cocatalyst over 72 h. Thus, constructing A1‐D‐A2‐D NDI‐based Pdots is a promising approach to developing efficient and stable photocatalysts for solar‐driven hydrogen production.
#Resilience is not enough for Black women in STEM: Counterstories of two young Black women becoming a STEM person
Authors: Hughes Roxanne , Ibourk Amal , Wagner Lauren , Jones Kelli , Crawford Samantha
Published: January 2024

Both K‐12 schools and STEM disciplines are embedded in White supremacy and exclusion, making it that much harder for Black women to maintain an interest and sense of belonging in STEM. Through a Critical Race Feminism methodology, we tell the counterstories of our two co‐authors, two Black women, over the course of their lives. Through these counterstories (stories that run counter to normative stories of STEM as male and White), Kelli and Samantha show us how they negotiated and maintained a sense of belonging in STEM even through moments of self‐doubt in their STEM trajectory. These negotiations allowed them to carve a space for themselves within STEM. A key finding from these counterstories was the resilience both women developed through their participation in counterspaces and support from family and teachers that helped them develop pride in their STEM identity trajectories. Our study adds to the research on Black women's journeys in STEM by describing resilience strategies that our authors were forced to develop in response to White supremacy and how they were able to maintain their STEM identity by creating a counterstory that allowed them to maintain their sense of belonging within STEM. And yet, we conclude by asking if resilience is enough since both women questioned their authentic and valued place in their respective STEM disciplines because of the dominant storyline of STEM as White and male. Their stories reveal the deeper truth that change is needed in STEM to empower students of color to see themselves as not just tolerated but valued members of the discipline.
2023's Antarctic sea ice extent is the lowest on record
Authors: Gilbert Ella , Holmes Caroline
Published: January 2024

Antarctic sea ice is a vitally important part of the regional and global climate. In 2023, sea ice extent fell to record lows, reaching unprecedented values for both the summer minimum, winter maximum and intervening freeze‐up period. Here, we show that the extreme values observed were truly remarkable within the context of the satellite record, despite the challenge of quantifying how rare such an event might be, and discuss some contributing factors. While this could be part of a decline in sea ice associated with human‐caused climate change, it is too early to say conclusively if this is the case.
Applications of solar thermal radiation in a bio‐convective Eyring–Powell hybrid nanofluid flow under the influence of electro‐magnetohydrodynamics near a stagnation point: An irreversibility study
Authors: Junaid Muhammad Sheraz , Aslam Muhammad Nauman , Zhang Jiazhong
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigate the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Eyring–Powell hybrid Nanofluid flowing through a stretching surface, with the effects of copper , aluminum oxide nanoparticles and gyrotactic motile microorganism with polyvinyl alcohol‐water as a base fluid. Heat transfer, joule heating, solar radiation, mass transmission, and entropy generation effects are analyzed on the fluid flow. A numerical model with an analytical methodology for the description of fluid flow and thermal properties of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) installed on a solar plate is underway as the use of solar plates in many devices going to expand. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity transformations. The higher‐order ODEs are then solved using the analytical scheme known as the homotopy analysis method (HAM) in MATHEMATICA. The effects of different parameters such as magnetic field, electric field, Prandtl number, Eckert number, bioconvection diffusion, Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter, bioconvection, and Grashof number are analyzed with flow characteristics graphically. The velocity of the fluid shows a decrement due to the radiation parameter, Grashof number, and Solutal Grashof number. Thermodynamic properties of the fluid are enhanced with the Prandtl number, Eckert number, and electric and magnetic field. The entropy of the fluid increases with the Prandtl number, Eckert number, and diffusion parameter. Bejan number rises due to diffusion and bioconvection diffusion parameters. The study is about the mathematical analysis of Eyring Powell fluid flowing through a PTSC with the addition of a motile microorganism. PTSC are a main source of energy production for many sectors. Nanoparticles of copper and aluminum oxide are mixed to raise the thermal properties of the fluid used for electricity production engines, solar energy systems, cooling devices. Solar radiation effect, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation are analyzed for the energy production devices.
Pathological Deviant Behavior
Authors: Krüger Reinhard T.
Published: January 2024

In the case of fetishism, pathological stealing, or other deviant behaviors, disorder-specific psychodrama therapy initially resolves the confusion of metacognitive processes at the level of symptom production. For this purpose, the metacognitive processes are represented with chairs as ego-states, spatially separated from each other in the therapy room. The patient’s self-development with the help of psychodrama techniques at the level of symptom production dissolves his blockages through defense. As a doppelganger, the therapist helps the patient in his attempt to discover his actual longing in the ideal symptom scene of everyday life, to justify this longing, and to integrate it into his life story. Thus, the patient understands himself in a new way. The subsequent attempts at abstinence show that without the self-traumatizing and pathological behavior, the patient spontaneously becomes more courageous and capable to deal with conflict in all areas of life. This theoretical understanding and the resulting psychodramatic action methods complement the disorder-specific approach in depth psychological, behavioral, and systemic psychotherapy.
Personality Disorders, Narcissism and Borderline-Organization
Authors: Krüger Reinhard T.
Published: January 2024

Patients with a borderline organization or other personality disorders suffer from a structural disorder. Their metacognitive processes are fixed in a character resistance and cause severe relationship disorders in the present. However, they experience the rigid defenses they developed in childhood as part of their identity. This fixation also disrupts the therapeutic relationship. The therapist is required to make an internal paradigm shift. She justifies her own appropriate negative affect, triggered by the patient's character resistance, in the therapeutic relationship and uses it in a therapeutically beneficial manner. In doing so, she uses the principle of response instead of interpretation. The constellation of metacognitive ego states enables the patient to gain ego control over his neurotic acting out in equivalence mode. This work is a central action method in disorder-specific psychodrama therapy. The therapist works not only with dysfunctional parts of the self, but also works out the positive meaning of the patient's rigid metacognitive defense pattern within the framework of his or her self-regulation. The treatment of metacognitive disorder is the prerequisite for long-term success in the therapy of people with a personality disorder. The disorder-specific psychodramatic action methods qualitatively enhance the depth psychological, behavioral and systemic psychotherapy of people with personality disorders.
Depressive Disorders, Masochism and Suicidale Crises
Authors: Krüger Reinhard T.
Published: January 2024

The disorder-specific psychodrama therapy of depressive disorders develops the patient’s self with the help of psychodramatic dialogue with role reversal and, if necessary, works directly metacognitively on his masochistic self-censorship. The seven steps of psychodramatic dialogue described in this chapter are a central method of disorder-specific psychodrama therapy. In an inner conflict, they shape both the inner self-image and the object image in the as-if mode. As a result, the patient becomes more courageous and realistic in his relationship conflicts. Without realizing it, he spontaneously changes his own behavior in everyday life, when he has psychosomatically expanded his inner object image of his conflict partner by acting as-if in a role reversal. As a theory-based action method, the psychodramatic dialogue with role reversal complements the disorder-specific approach to depression in depth psychological, behavioral and systemic psychotherapy. The psychosomatic level of psychodramatic action in the as-if mode helps to dissolve the blockage of self-development even in the case of severe depression bordering on psychosis as well as in suicidal crises.
The majoron coupling to charged leptons
Authors: Herrero-Brocal Antonio , Vicente Avelino
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The particle spectrum of all Majorana neutrino mass models with spontaneous violation of global lepton number include a Goldstone boson, the so-called majoron. The presence of this massless pseudoscalar changes the phenomenology dramatically. In this work we derive general analytical expressions for the 1-loop coupling of the majoron to charged leptons. These can be applied to any model featuring a majoron that have a clear hierarchy of energy scales, required for an expansion in powers of the low-energy scale to be valid. We show how to use our general results by applying them to some example models, finding full agreement with previous results in several popular scenarios and deriving novel ones in other setups.
Apparently superluminal superfluids
Authors: Kourkoulou Ioanna , Landry Michael J. , Nicolis Alberto , Parmentier Klaas
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We consider the superfluid phase of a specific renormalizable relativistic quantum field theory. We prove that, within the regime of validity of perturbation theory and of the superfluid effective theory, there are consistent and regular vortex solutions where the superfluid’s velocity field as traditionally defined smoothly interpolates between zero and arbitrarily large superluminal values. We show that this solution is free of instabilities and of superluminal excitations. We show that, in contrast, a generic vortex solution for an ordinary fluid does develop an instability if the velocity field becomes superluminal. All this questions the characterization of a superfluid velocity field as the actual velocity of “something”.
Hexagonalization of Fishnet integrals. Part II. Overlaps and multi-point correlators
Authors: Olivucci Enrico
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This work presents the building-blocks of an integrability-based representation for multi-point Fishnet Feynman integrals with any number of loops. Such representation relies on the quantum separation of variables (SoV) of a non-compact spin-chain with symmetry SO(1, 5) explained in the first paper of this series. The building-blocks of the SoV representation are overlaps of the wave-functions of the spin-chain excitations inserted along the edges of a triangular tile of Fishnet lattice. The zoology of overlaps is analyzed along with various worked out instances in order to achieve compact formulae for the generic triangular tile. The procedure of assembling the tiles into a Fishnet integral is presented exhaustively. The present analysis describes multi-point correlators with disk topology in the bi-scalar limit of planar γ-deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory, and it verifies some conjectural formulae for hexagonalisation of Fishnets CFTs present in the literature. The findings of this work are suitable of generalization to a wider class of Feynman diagrams.
Supersymmetric backgrounds from λ-deformations
Authors: Itsios Georgios , Sfetsos Konstantinos , Siampos Konstantinos
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We provide the first supersymmetric embedding of an integrable λ-deformation to type-II supergravity. Specifically, that of the near horizon of the NS1-NS5 brane intersection, geometrically corresponding to AdS3 × S3 × T4. We show that the deformed background preserves 1/4 of the maximal supersymmetry. In the Penrose limit we show that it preserves no-more than one half of the maximal supersymmetry.
Unified treatment of null and spatial infinity IV: angular momentum at null and spatial infinity
Authors: Ashtekar Abhay , Khera Neev
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In a companion paper [1] we introduced the notion of asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes. These space-times are asymptotically flat at both null and spatial infinity, and furthermore there is a harmonious matching of limits of certain fields as one approaches i° in null and space-like directions. These matching conditions are quite weak but suffice to reduce the asymptotic symmetry group to a Poincaré group $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$

p

i
°

. Restriction of $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$

p

i
°

to future null infinity $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$

I
+

yields the canonical Poincaré subgroup $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{bms}} $$

p

i
°

bms

of the BMS group $$ \mathfrak{B} $$
B
selected in [2, 3] and that its restriction to spatial infinity i°, the canonical subgroup $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{spi}} $$

p

i
°

spi

of the Spi group $$ \mathfrak{S} $$
S
selected in [4, 5]. As a result, one can meaningfully compare angular momentum that has been defined at i° using $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{spi}} $$

p

i
°

spi

with that defined on $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$

I
+

using $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{bms}} $$

p

i
°

bms

. We show that the angular momentum charge at i° equals the sum of the angular momentum charge at any 2-sphere cross-section S of $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$

I
+

and the total flux of angular momentum radiated across the portion of $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$

I
+

to the past of S. In general the balance law holds only when angular momentum refers to SO(3) subgroups of the Poincaré group $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$

p

i
°

.
Tame symmetric algebras of period four
Authors: Erdmann Karin , Hajduk Adam , Skowyrski Adam
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the structure of tame symmetric algebras $$\Lambda $$
Λ
of period four (TSP4 algebras for short). For a tame algebra, the number of arrows starting or ending at a given vertex cannot be large. Here we will mostly focus on the case when the Gabriel quiver of $$\Lambda $$
Λ
is biserial, that is, there are at most two arrows ending and at most two arrows starting at each vertex. We present a range of properties (with relatively short proofs) which must hold for the Gabriel quiver of such an algebra. In particular, we show that triangles (and squares) appear naturally, so as for weighted surface algebras (Erdmann and Skowroński in J Algebra 505:490–558, 2018, J Algebra 544:170–227, 2020, J Algebra 569:875–889, 2021). Furthermore, we prove results on the minimal relations defining the ideal I for an admissible presentation of $$\Lambda $$
Λ
in the form KQ/I. This will be the input for the classification of all TSP4 algebras with biserial Gabriel quiver.
A short proof of the elliptical range theorem
Authors: Lakos Gyula
Published: January 2024

A short proof of the elliptical range theorem concerning the numerical range of $$2\times 2$$

2
×
2

complex matrices is given.
Orbital instability of periodic waves for scalar viscous balance laws
Authors: Álvarez Enrique , Angulo Pava Jaime , Plaza Ramón G.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to prove that, for a large class of nonlinear evolution equations known as scalar viscous balance laws, the spectral (linear) instability condition of periodic traveling wave solutions implies their orbital (nonlinear) instability in appropriate periodic Sobolev spaces. The analysis is based on the well-posedness theory, the smoothness of the data-solution map, and an abstract result of instability of equilibria under nonlinear iterations. The resulting instability criterion is applied to two families of periodic waves. The first family consists of small amplitude waves with finite fundamental period which emerge from a local Hopf bifurcation around a critical value of the velocity. The second family comprises arbitrarily large period waves which arise from a homoclinic (global) bifurcation and tend to a limiting traveling pulse when their fundamental period tends to infinity. In the case of both families, the criterion is applied to conclude their orbital instability under the flow of the nonlinear viscous balance law in periodic Sobolev spaces with same period as the fundamental period of the wave.