bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAMLET effect on cell death and mitochondrial respiration in colorectal cancer cell lines with KRAS/BRAF mutations
Authors: Žilinskas Justas , Stukas Darius , Jasukaitienė Aldona , Šapauskienė Jurgita , Banienė Rasa , Trumbeckaitė Sonata , Švagždys Saulius , Cicciu Marco , Dambrauskas Žilvinas , Gulbinas Antanas , Tamelis Algimantas
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on the correct selection of personalized strategies. HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells) is a natural proteolipid milk compound that might serve as a novel cancer prevention and therapy candidate. Our purpose was to investigate HAMLET effect on viability, death pathway and mitochondrial bioenergetics of CRC cells with different KRAS/BRAF mutational status in vitro.

Methods

We treated three cell lines (Caco-2, LoVo, WiDr) with HAMLET to evaluate cell metabolic activity and viability, flow cytometry of apoptotic and necrotic cells, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, and protein expressions. Mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption) rate was recorded by high-resolution respirometry system Oxygraph-2 k.

Results

The HAMLET complex was cytotoxic to all investigated CRC cell lines and this effect is irreversible. Flow cytometry revealed that HAMLET induces necrotic cell death with a slight increase in an apoptotic cell population. WiDr cell metabolism, clonogenicity, necrosis/apoptosis level, and mitochondrial respiration were affected significantly less than other cells.

Conclusion

HAMLET exhibits irreversible cytotoxicity on human CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to necrotic cell death and inhibiting the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. BRAF-mutant cell line is more resistant than other type lines. HAMLET decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis in CaCo-2 and LoVo cell lines but did not affect WiDr cells’ respiration. Pretreatment of cancer cells with HAMLET has no impact on mitochondrial outer and inner membrane permeability.
Diabetische Nierenerkrankung (Update 2023)
Authors: Sourij Harald , Edlinger Roland , Prischl Friedrich C. , Kaser Susanne , Horn Sabine , Antlanger Marlies , Paulweber Bernhard , Aberer Felix , Brix Johanna , Cejka Daniel , Stingl Harald , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Schmaldienst Sabine , Clodi Martin , Rosenkranz Alexander , Mayer Gert , Oberbauer Rainer , Säemann Marcus
Published: April 2023

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass etwa 2–3 % aller Österreicher*innen einen Diabetes mellitus mit Nierenbeteiligung aufweisen. Dies betrifft somit in Österreich etwa 250.000 Menschen. Das Risiko des Auftretens und Fortschreitens der diabetischen Nierenerkrankung kann durch Lebensstilinterventionen und Optimierung des arteriellen Blutdrucks, Blutzuckers und spezielle Medikamentenklassen vermindert werden. In diesem gemeinsamen Artikel der Österreichischen Gesellschaften für Nephrologie und Diabetologie werden die entsprechende Diagnostik und therapeutische Strategien bei diabetischer Nierenerkrankung vorgeschlagen.
Gravidität bei vorbestehendem Diabetes (Update 2023)
Authors: Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Winhofer Yvonne , Weitgasser Raimund , Lechleitner Monika , Harreiter Jürgen
Published: April 2023

Bereits vor mehr als 30 Jahren forderte die St. Vincent Deklaration, dass Schwangere mit vorbestehendem Diabetes mellitus vergleichbare Schwangerschaftsergebnisse wie gesunde Frauen erreichen sollen. Dennoch bestehen bei Frauen mit konzeptionell manifestem Diabetes nach wie vor höhere Komplikationsraten und eine höhere perinatale Morbidität und Mortalität. Eine fehlende oder zumindest unzureichende Schwangerschaftsplanung und präkonzeptionelle Betreuung mit Optimierung der Stoffwechsellage vor Konzeption ist dafür verantwortlich. Alle Frauen mit Diabetes sollen im Selbstmanagement der Insulintherapie mit Anpassungen der Insulindosis geschult sein und eine stabile Stoffwechsellage vor Schwangerschaftsbeginn aufweisen. Eine Schilddrüsendysfunktion, Hypertonie oder diabetische Komplikationen vor der Konzeption sollten ausgeschlossen bzw. adäquat behandelt sein, um das Risiko einer möglichen Progression der Komplikationen und Begleiterkrankungen sowie insgesamt mütterliche und fetale Risiken zu minimieren. Ein Ziel der mütterlichen Stoffwechselkontrolle ist das Erreichen von Normoglykämie und normalen HbA1c-Werten, falls dies ohne Risiko für Hypoglykämien möglich ist, da eine schlechte Blutzuckereinstellung mit diabetischer Embryopathie und diabetischer Fetopathie assoziiert ist. Das Hypoglykämierisiko ist speziell bei Typ 1 Diabetes mellitus in der Frühschwangerschaft deutlich erhöht, nimmt aber mit den hormonellen Veränderungen und der Zunahme der Insulinresistenz im Schwangerschaftsverlauf deutlich ab. Eine weltweit steigende Adipositasprävalenz führt zusätzlich zu einem Anstieg von Müttern mit Typ 2 Diabetes. Dieser Trend ist auch bei Frauen mit Typ 1 Diabetes zu beobachten und aggraviert die Metabolik und die perinatalen Ergebnisse. Eine funktionelle, intensivierte Insulintherapie mit multiplen täglichen Insulininjektionen oder eine Insulinpumpentherapie tragen neben dem vermehrten Einsatz des kontinuierlichen Glukosemonitorings zum Erreichen einer guten mütterlichen Stoffwechselkontrolle vor und während der Schwangerschaft bei. Orale Antidiabetika (Metformin) können vor allem bei Typ 2 Diabetes und Adipositas helfen die Insulinsensitivität zu verbessern und dadurch den Insulinbedarf zu vermindern, sollten jedoch aufgrund der Plazentagängigkeit und ungewissen Langzeitergebnissen bei den Nachkommen mit Bedacht (shared decision making) verordnet werden. Aufgrund des erhöhten Präeklampsierisikos bei Frauen mit Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft ist hier ein frühes Screening zu empfehlen. Regelmäßige und engmaschige geburtshilfliche Kontrollen in einem spezialisierten Zentrum und bei spezialisierten Fachärzt:innen sowie interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit werden empfohlen um eine gute Stoffwechseleinstellung und gesunde Entwicklung des Kindes zu sichern.
Interleukin-62/lymphocyte as a proposed predictive index for COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Rotundo Salvatore , Borelli Massimo , Scaglione Vincenzo , Lionello Rosaria , Biamonte Flavia , Olivadese Vincenzo , Quirino Angela , Morrone Helen Linda , Matera Giovanni , Costanzo Francesco Saverio , Russo Alessandro , Trecarichi Enrico Maria , Torti Carlo ,   IDTM UMG COVID-19 Group, Serapide Francesca , Tassone Bruno , Fusco Paolo , Davoli Chiara , La Gamba Valentina , Morrone Helen Linda , Berardelli Lavinia , Tassone Maria Teresa , Serraino Riccardo , Costa Chiara , Foti Daniela Patrizia , Longhini Federico , Bruni Andrea , Garofalo Eugenio , Biamonte Eugenio , Laganà Domenico , Petullà Maria , Bertucci Bernardo , Barreca Giorgio Settimo , Giancotti Aida , Gallo Luigia , Lamberti Angelo , Liberto Maria Carla , Marascio Nadia , De Francesco Adele Emanuela
Published: April 2023

In a convenience sample of 93 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against SARS-CoV-2, the interleukin-62/lymphocyte count ratio (IL-62/LC) was able to predict clinical worsening both in early stages of COVID-19 and in oxygen-requiring patients. Moreover, we analysed 18 most at-risk patients with asymptomatic or mild disease treated with both moAbs and antiviral treatment and found that only 2 had clinical progression, while patients with a similar risk were reported to have an unfavourable outcome in most cases from recent data. In only one of our 18 patients, clinical progression was attributable to COVID-19, and in the other cases, clinical progression was observed despite IL-62/LC being above the risk cut-off. In conclusion, IL-62/LC may be a valuable method to identify patients requiring more aggressive treatments both in earlier and later stages of the disease; however, most at-risk patients can be protected from clinical worsening by combining moAbs and antivirals, even if levels of the IL-62/LC biomarker are lower than the risk cut-off.
Improving state estimation through projection post-processing for activity recognition with application to football
Authors: Ciszewski Michał , Söhl Jakob , Jongbloed Geurt
Published: April 2023

The past decade has seen an increased interest in human activity recognition based on sensor data. Most often, the sensor data come unannotated, creating the need for fast labelling methods. For assessing the quality of the labelling, an appropriate performance measure has to be chosen. Our main contribution is a novel post-processing method for activity recognition. It improves the accuracy of the classification methods by correcting for unrealistic short activities in the estimate. We also propose a new performance measure, the Locally Time-Shifted Measure (LTS measure), which addresses uncertainty in the times of state changes. The effectiveness of the post-processing method is evaluated, using the novel LTS measure, on the basis of a simulated dataset and a real application on sensor data from football. The simulation study is also used to discuss the choice of the parameters of the post-processing method and the LTS measure.
Characteristics of coronary artery ectasia and accompanying plaques: an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Yu Huai , Dai Jiannan , Tang Hao , Fang Chao , Jiang Senqing , Xu Xueming , Yu Bo , Tu Yingfeng
Published: April 2023

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) in adults is often caused by atherosclerotic plaques. CAE can affect atherosclerotic plaques through hemodynamic changes. However, no study has evaluated the characteristics of CAE with atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, we aimed to disclose the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with CAE using optical coherence tomography (OCT). We evaluated patients with CAE, confirmed by coronary angiography, who underwent pre-intervention OCT between April 2015 and April 2021. Each millimeter of the OCT images was analyzed to assess the characteristics of CAEs, plaque phenotypes, and plaque vulnerability. A total of 286 patients (344 coronary vessels) met our criteria, 82.87% of whom were men. Right coronary artery lesions were the most common, comprising 44.48% (n = 153) of the total. We found 329 CAE vessels with plaques, accounting for 95.64% of the coronary vessels. After grouping CAEs and plaques by their relative positions, we found that the length of plaques within CAE lesions was longer than that of plaques in other sites (P < 0.001). Plaques within CAE lesions had greater maximum lipid angles and lipid indexes (P = 0.007, P = 0.004, respectively) than those on other sites. This study revealed the most common vascular and morphological characteristics of CAE. While the accompanying plaques were not affected by the location or morphology of the CAE vessels, they were affected by their position relative to the CAE lesion.
Increased Detection of Hard-to-Detect Stuck-at Faults during Scan Shift
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Fanchen , Dworak Jennifer , Nepal Kundan , Manikas Theodore
Published: April 2023

Test sets that target standard fault models may not always be sufficient for detecting all defects. To evaluate test sets for the detection of unmodeled defects, n-detect test sets (which detect all modeled faults at least n times) have previously been proposed. Unfortunately, n-detect test sets are often prohibitively long. In this paper, we investigate the ability of shadow flip-flops connected into a MISR (Multiple Input Signature Register) to detect stuck-at faults fortuitously multiple times during scan shift. We explore which flip-flops should be shadowed to increase the value of n for the least detected stuck-at faults for each circuit studied. We then identify which circuit characteristics are most important for determining the cost of the MISR needed to achieve high values of n. For example, circuits that contain a few flip-flops with upstream fault cones that cover a large percentage of all faults in the circuit can often achieve high n-detect coverage fortuitously with a low-cost MISR. This allows a DFT engineer to predict the viability of this MISR-based approach early in the design cycle.
Development of a method for detecting the planting and ridge areas in paddy fields using AI, GIS, and precise DEM
Authors: Hamano Mitsuru , Shiozawa Shigeru , Yamamoto Shinya , Suzuki Noritsugu , Kitaki Yuichiro , Watanabe Osamu
Published: April 2023

In Japan, mowing work on ridges of farms that cultivate rice is difficult for farmers, especially in hilly and mountainous areas. Moreover, geographical information on ridges in paddy fields has not been prepared; such information includes the slope angle, the ridge area, and the ridge rate of the total paddy field area. This issue causes a level of uncertainty in management analysis in terms of labor costs, including mowing costs, particularly when farmers and agricultural corporations are starting or expanding farm businesses. Therefore, this research developed a method for creating planting area and ridge area polygons in paddy fields to measure the actual areas of both sites using slope angle information and calculating the ridge rates in paddy fields. This study adopts artificial intelligence, geographical information system (GIS), and precision digital elevation model techniques as strategy implementation tools with data prepared by an aerial laser survey of Nagano Prefecture. The model generated using the proposed machine learning tool can automatically detect the planting and ridge areas of paddy fields through aerial images of farmland with more than 96% accuracy. Then, polygons can be created for use in GIS. Furthermore, these polygons can be created for most of the understudied paddy fields, approximately 35 000 hectares throughout Nagano Prefecture, in only 2 to 3 weeks. Therefore, based on these techniques, the slope angles of ridges, the ridge areas, and the ridge rates of paddy areas can be measured through polygons.
Metalinguistic Negotiation, Speaker Error, and Charity
Authors: Abreu Pedro
Published: April 2023

This paper raises a new form of speaker error objection to the analysis of disputes as metalinguistic negotiations in cases in which disputants reject that analysis. It focuses on an obvious but underexplored form of speaker error: speakers’ misattribution of contents both to others and to themselves. It argues that the analyses of disputes that posit this type of speaker error are uncharitable in three different ways: first, by portraying speakers as mistaken interpreters of their interlocutors; second, by portraying speakers as uncharitable interpreters of their interlocutors; third, by portraying speakers who retract their claims as mistaken interpreters of their own prior utterances. Taken together, these unfavorable consequences weigh significantly against the plausibility of this type of analysis for the cases in question.
Loneliness and Absence in Psychopathology
Authors: Krueger Joel , Osler Lucy , Roberts Tom
Published: April 2023

Loneliness is a near-universal experience. It is particularly common for individuals with (so-called) psychopathological conditions or disorders. In this paper, we explore the experiential character of loneliness, with a specific emphasis on how social goods are experienced as absent in ways that involve a diminished sense of agency and recognition. We explore the role and experience of loneliness in three case studies: depression, anorexia nervosa, and autism. We demonstrate that even though experiences of loneliness might be common to many psychopathologies, these experiences nevertheless have distinctive profiles. Specifically, we suggest that: (i) loneliness is often a core characteristic of depressive experience; (ii) loneliness can drive, and even cement, disordered eating practices and anorectic identity in anorexia nervosa; iii) loneliness is neither a core characteristic of autism nor a driver but is rather commonly experienced as stemming from social worlds, environments, and norms that fail to accommodate autistic bodies and their distinctive forms of life. We aim to do justice to the pervasiveness of loneliness in many — if not all — psychopathologies, while also highlighting the need to attend to psychopathology-specific experiences of loneliness, agency, and (non-)recognition.
Catchment-scale variability and driving factors of fine sediment deposition: insights from a coupled experimental and machine-learning-based modeling study
Authors: Grangeon Thomas , Gracianne Cécile , Favreau Yvonnick , Vandromme Rosalie , Dupeux Grégory , Cerdan Olivier , Rohmer Jérémy , Evrard Olivier , Salvador-Blanes Sébastien
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Fine sediment deposition is an important component of the catchment sediment budget and affects river morphology, biology, and contaminant transfer. However, the driving factors of fine sediment deposition remain poorly understood at the catchment scale, limiting our ability to model this process.

Methods

Fine sediment deposition and river reach characteristics were collected over the entire river network of three medium-sized (200–2200 km2) temperate catchments, corresponding to 11,302 river reaches. This unique database was analyzed and used to develop and evaluate a random forest model. The model was used to predict sediment deposition and analyze its driving factors.

Results

Fine sediment deposition displayed a high spatial variability and a weak but significant relationship with the Strahler order and river reach width (Pearson coefficient r =  −0.4 and 0.4, respectively), indicating the likely nonlinear influence of river reach characteristics. The random forest model predicted fine sediment deposition intensity with an accuracy of 81%, depending on the availability of training data. Bed substrate granularity, flow condition, reach depth and width, and the proportion of cropland and forest were the six most influential variables on fine sediment deposition intensity, suggesting the importance of both hillslope and within-river channel processes in controlling fine sediment deposition.

Conclusion

This study presented and analyzed a unique dataset. It also demonstrated the potential of random forest approaches to predict fine sediment deposition at the catchment scale. The proposed approach is complementary to measurements and process-based models. It may be useful for improving the understanding of sediment connectivity in catchments, the design of future measurement campaigns, and help prioritize areas to implement mitigation strategies.
An audit of secondary prevention for peripheral arterial disease in primary care — scope for improved collaboration between vascular surgery and general practitioners
Authors: Foley Megan Power , Tubassam Muhammad , Walsh Stewart R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cause for referral from primary care to vascular surgery. Best medical therapy (BMT), encompassing anti-platelets, statins, smoking cessation, blood pressure and glycaemic control, is a cornerstone of PAD management. However, these easily modifiable risk factors are often left unaddressed between referral and clinic review.

Methods

A prospective audit of electronic ‘Healthlink’ referrals by GPs to the vascular department for symptomatic PAD between July 2021 and June 2022 was performed. Referrals were individually reviewed for demographics, symptoms, medical history, smoking status and medications. An information leaflet on BMT was posted to all GP practices in the Soalta region as part of an educational intervention, with plans to re-audit after 6 months.

Results

One-hundred-and-seventy referrals were analysed. The median age was 68.5 years (range 33–94) and 69% (n = 117) were male. The typical vasculopath comorbidity profile was noted. Fifty-two percent (n = 88) were referred with claudication-type pain and 25% (n = 43) with critical limb ischaemia (CLI). Twenty-eight percent (n = 33) were active smokers and 31% (n = 36) had no smoking status documented. Regarding BMT, only 34.5% (n = 40) and 52% (n = 60) were on anti-platelets and statins, respectively. Suspected CLI was not significantly associated with BMT prescription at referral (p = 0.664). Only eleven referral letters mentioned risk factor optimisation.

Conclusions

Our first-cycle results identified significant scope for improvement in community-based risk factor modification for PAD referrals. We aim to continue supporting and educating our colleagues that effective medical management can start safely in primary care and further explore the barriers preventing this.
Monasticism and the City in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Fafinski Mateusz , Riemenschneider Jakob
Published: April 2023

This Element will reevaluate the relationship between monasticism and the city in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages in the period 400 to 700 in both post-Roman West and the eastern Mediterranean, putting both of those areas in conversation. Building on recent scholarship on the nature of late antique urbanism, the authors can observe that the links between late antique Christian thought and the late and post-Roman urban space were far more relevant to the everyday practice of monasticism than previously thought. By comparing Latin, Greek and Syriac sources from a broad geographical area, the authors gain a birds' eye view on the enduring importance of urbanism in a late and post-Roman monastic world.
Lying about Reservation Prices in Business Negotiation: A Qualified Defense
Authors: Strudler Alan
Published: April 2023

This essay offers a philosophical defense of deception about reservation prices in business negotiation. Its discussion is prompted by arguments that Charles N.C. Sherwood makes in a recent issue of Business Ethics Quarterly and develops ideas I put forward in an earlier issue of Business Ethics Quarterly. The essay argues that although reservation price deception cannot be justified by appeal to the consent of negotiating parties, it can be justified by appeal to a separate but related notion, assumption of risk, as long as the assumption of risk occurs in a suitably fair context.
Uniform-in-phase-space data selection with iterative normalizing flows
Authors: Hassanaly Malik , Perry Bruce A. , Mueller Michael E. , Yellapantula Shashank
Published: April 2023

Improvements in computational and experimental capabilities are rapidly increasing the amount of scientific data that are routinely generated. In applications that are constrained by memory and computational intensity, excessively large datasets may hinder scientific discovery, making data reduction a critical component of data-driven methods. Datasets are growing in two directions: the number of data points and their dimensionality. Whereas dimension reduction typically aims at describing each data sample on lower-dimensional space, the focus here is on reducing the number of data points. A strategy is proposed to select data points such that they uniformly span the phase-space of the data. The algorithm proposed relies on estimating the probability map of the data and using it to construct an acceptance probability. An iterative method is used to accurately estimate the probability of the rare data points when only a small subset of the dataset is used to construct the probability map. Instead of binning the phase-space to estimate the probability map, its functional form is approximated with a normalizing flow. Therefore, the method naturally extends to high-dimensional datasets. The proposed framework is demonstrated as a viable pathway to enable data-efficient machine learning when abundant data are available.
Parameterisation of small-scale random forcing in β-plane turbulence
Authors: Jackman W.A. , Esler J.G.
Published: April 2023

Zonal jet formation in

$\beta$

-plane turbulence is investigated with the focus on whether an accurate closure can be developed for the eddy momentum fluxes due to small-scale random forcing. The approach of Srinivasan and Young (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 71, 2014, pp. 2169–2185) is developed to give a relatively simple expression for the local Reynolds stress, due to a white-in-time random forcing with characteristic length scale much less than the jet spacing. In typical jet flows, however, it is demonstrated that the Srinivasan–Young flux is not the full story because momentum fluxes due to jet-scale waves, present as a result of distinct barotropic instabilities of the eastward and westward jets, respectively, also play a key role in the momentum balance. Numerical simulations that explicitly include the random forcing are then compared with those in which the Srinivasan–Young closure is applied. For typical jet flows, good agreement of the equilibrium zonal flow is found provided that the closure simulation is not truncated to be purely zonal, i.e. jet-scale secondary barotropic instabilities are allowed to develop. Flows in which the geometry or external forcing acts to suppress the development of secondary instabilities are also simulated, and for these flows the Srinivasan–Young closure is shown to be successful as a purely zonal closure. It is argued that vortex condensates in isotropic forced-dissipative 2D turbulence are an example of this latter situation.
Thin disks falling in air
Authors: Tinklenberg Amy , Guala Michele , Coletti Filippo
Published: April 2023

We experimentally investigate the settling of millimetre-sized thin disks in quiescent air. The range of physical parameters is chosen to be relevant to plate crystals settling in the atmosphere: the diameter-to-thickness aspect ratio is$\chi =25\unicode{x2013}60$, the Reynolds numbers based on the disk diameter and fall speed are$Re=O(10^2)$and the inertia ratio is$I^*=O(1)$. Thousands of trajectories are reconstructed for each disk type by planar high-speed imaging, using the method developed by Baker & Coletti (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 943, 2022, A27). Most disks either fall straight vertically with their maximum projected area normal to gravity or tumble while drifting laterally at an angle$<20^\circ$. Two of the three disk sizes considered exhibit bimodal behaviour, with both non-tumbling and tumbling modes occurring with significant probabilities, which stresses the need for a statistical characterization of the process. The smaller disks (1 mm in diameter,$Re=96$) have a stronger tendency to tumble than the larger disks (3 mm in diameter,$Re=360$), at odds with the diffused notion that$Re=100$is a threshold below which falling disks remain horizontal. Larger fall speeds (and, thus, smaller drag coefficients) are found with respect to existing correlations based on experiments in liquids, demonstrating the role of the density ratio in setting the vertical velocity. The data supports a simple scaling of the rotational frequency based on the equilibrium between drag and gravity, which remains to be tested in further studies where disk thickness and density ratio are varied.
Local and global existence and uniqueness of solution for abstract differential equations with state-dependent argument
Authors: Hernandez Eduardo , Fernandes Denis , Zada Akbar
Published: April 2023

We study the local and global existence and uniqueness of mild solution for a general class of abstract differential equations with state-dependent argument. In the last section, some examples on partial differential equations with state-dependent argument are presented.
Between Kingdom and Empire: the Social Power of Dutch Missionary Maps, 1850–1940
Authors: ONNEKINK DAVID M. L.
Published: April 2023

Between about 1850 and 1940 the Dutch Protestant missionary movement reached its ascendancy and set out to establish the kingdom of God in overseas territories. In doing so, mission became inextricably linked with Dutch imperialism. This article investigates this connection through the lens of cartography. Missionary maps of the world in general and the colonies in particular were produced and distributed in schools and churches to inform a Dutch audience about mission and to gather support. This article concludes that mission and imperialism were different strands that became increasing entangled towards the end of the nineteenth century.
Understanding L2-derived words in context: Is complete receptive morphological knowledge necessary?
Authors: Laufer Batia
Published: April 2023

The study investigates whether comprehension of derived words in text context requires a complete understanding of word parts. It explores comprehension of derived words as a function of learner proficiency and contextual clues. Ninety English-as-a-foreign-language learners at three proficiency levels participated in three successive tests representing three clues conditions, absence of clues, availability of syntactic clues, and availability of syntactic and semantic clues. They had to supply the meaning of 22 derived pseudowords constructed with nonword stems and 22 frequent affixes—for example, stacement, gummful. The meanings of the nonword stems were provided. Test scores were compared by 3 (proficiency level) × 3 (clue condition) analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed effects of both variables, proficiency and clues. The largest increase in comprehension scores occurred with the addition of syntactic clues. The results imply that derived forms of familiar base words can be understood even when learners’ receptive morphological knowledge is not complete.
Collision risk quantification for pairs of recorded aircraft trajectories
Authors: Kallinen Valtteri , Barry Steve , McFadyen Aaron
Published: April 2023

Complex domestic airspace requires collision risk models and monitoring tools suitable for arbitrary aircraft trajectories. This paper presents a new mathematically based collision risk approach that extends the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) models to full aircraft encounters based on real trajectory data. A new continuous time intervention model is presented, along with a position uncertainty propagation model that better reflects aircraft behaviour and allows generalisation to all trajectories to eliminate degenerate cases. The proposed risk model is computationally efficient compared to the models it is based on and can be applied to large-scale trajectory data. The utility of the model is demonstrated through a series of case studies using real aircraft trajectories.
A “Great Power” Man or World Stater? The International Thought of Charles Kingsley Webster, 1886–1961
Authors: Ehrhardt Andrew
Published: April 2023

This article examines the international thought of Charles Kingsley Webster, one of Britain's most important diplomatic historians of the twentieth century. Though best remembered as one of the first historians of the Congress of Vienna and a biographer of Lord Castlereagh and Lord Palmerston, Webster also served as one of the key planners for the United Nations Organization in the Foreign Office during the Second World War. His ideas concerning internationalism—particularly his belief in an eventual world state—as well as his views on British foreign policy and the nature of international politics, offer a unique insight into both the varieties of interwar internationalism and the intellectualism which contributed to British strategic planning in the early 1940s.
Jedem Rückenpatienten sein MRI?
Authors: Ernst Elena , Andreisek Gustav , Fingerle Alexander A.
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung. Die Bildgebung bei Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen ist in den letzten Jahren einem starken Wandel unterlegen. Immer bessere MRI-Techniken führen zu immer genaueren Aussagen, wobei aber unverändert die enge Korrelation zwischen Klinik und Bildgebung für die korrekte Diagnose und nachfolgende Therapieentscheide unerlässlich ist. Kostensenkungsmassnahmen haben dazu geführt, dass MRI-Bildgebung in der Schweiz günstig geworden ist, dennoch breit verfügbar geblieben ist und somit – entsprechend den Guidelines eingesetzt – zur optimalen Behandlung von Patienten mit Wirbelsäulen-Erkrankungen beitragen kann.
Wie wirken sich unterschiedliche Lehr-/Lernmaterialien auf die studentische Lernmotivation und das Lernergebnis aus?
Authors: Petri-Ouani Friederike , Löffler Simone N.
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Zur Vermittlung akademischer Lerninhalte können unterschiedliche Lehr-/Lernmaterialien genutzt werden. Weitverbreitet sind Lernvideos, deren Vorteil in der anschaulichen Darstellung liegt. Bei der Vermittlung von theoretischen Lerninhalten, die eine tiefergehende Verarbeitung mit Transferleistungen erfordern, könnten jedoch andere Mittel der Veranschaulichung, wie die Verwendung von Metaphern, zielführender sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Effekte unterschiedlicher Lehr-/Lernmaterialien bei der Vermittlung von Fakten- und konzeptuellem Wissen im akademischen Kontext auf die Lernmotivation und das Lernergebnis bei Erinnerungs- und Transferaufgaben geprüft. In Studie 1 ( N = 62) wurden vergleichbare Inhalte anhand eines Textes und eines Erklärvideos erläutert. Das Video erlebten die Studentinnen und Studenten als anschaulicher, es konnten jedoch keine Unterschiede in Motivation und Lernleistung zwischen dem Lernen mit Video und dem Lernen mit Text festgestellt werden. In Studie 2 ( N = 81) kamen zwei verschiedene Textformate (Text mit Metapher und Lehrbuchtext) zum Einsatz, die sich bedeutsam im Ausmaß ihrer Anschaulichkeit unterschieden. Die Studentinnen und Studenten zeigten beim Text mit Metapher ein höheres Interesse an der nachfolgenden Aufgabenbearbeitung als beim Lehrbuchtext. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer erfolgreichen Bearbeitung der Aufgabe wurde im Textformat mit Metapher höher eingeschätzt und die Aufgabe, im Vergleich zum Lehrbuchtext, als weniger herausfordernd erwartet. Bei den Verständnisfragen mit erforderlicher Transferleistung schnitten die Studentinnen und Studenten beim Text mit Metapher besser ab. Darüber hinaus konnten mediierende Einflüsse der Anschaulichkeit des Textformats auf die Lernmotivation festgestellt werden.
Enhanced Dependence of China's Vegetation Activity on Soil Moisture Under Drier Climate Conditions
Authors: Zhao Fubo , Wang Xi , Wu Yiping , Sivakumar Bellie , Liu Shuguang
Published: April 2023

Vegetation growth is known to be largely dependent on the availability of soil moisture (SM), yet the changes in response to climate change are still not clear. Here, we use the long‐term satellite‐observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and reanalysis SM to examine changes in the dependence of vegetation on SM across the vegetated lands of China during 1982–2015. The results show that the strength of the relationship between the interannual variability of the growing season NDVI and SM (partial correlation coefficient RSM‐NDVI) significantly increased in over 45% land fractions from 1982 to 2015. The strongest increasing trend occurred in the originally SM‐dependent areas, indicating an enhancing regime. The increase in RSM‐NDVI coincided with a decrease in precipitation and SM, highlighting the key role of drying in driving the increase in RSM‐NDVI. We also demonstrate that North China is a hotspot region which is more vulnerable to soil dryness. Our findings would be valuable for vegetation planning and management in China under future drying and intensified drought conditions.
The Mental Toll of Climate Change
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: April 2023

Researchers are more quickly acknowledging the many ways in which the global climate crisis is affecting our mental health.
TAX1BP1 contributes to deoxypodophyllotoxin-induced glioma cell parthanatos via inducing nuclear translocation of AIF by activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
Authors: Wang Xuan-zhong , Liang Shi-peng , Chen Xi , Wang Zhen-chuan , Li Chen , Feng Chun-sheng , Lu Shan , He Chuan , Wang Yu-bo , Chi Guang-fan , Ge Peng-fei
Published: April 2023

Parthanatos is a type of programmed cell death initiated by over-activated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a prominent feature of parthanatos. But it remains unclear how activated nuclear PARP1 induces mitochondrial AIF translocation into nuclei. Evidence has shown that deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) induces parthanatos in glioma cells via induction of excessive ROS. In this study we explored the downstream signal of activated PARP1 to induce nuclear translocation of AIF in DPT-triggered glioma cell parthanatos. We showed that treatment with DPT (450 nM) induced PARP1 over-activation and Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) distribution to mitochondria in human U87, U251 and U118 glioma cells. PARP1 activation promoted TAX1BP1 distribution to mitochondria by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Knockdown of TAX1BP1 with siRNA not only inhibited TAX1BP1 accumulation in mitochondria, but also alleviated nuclear translocation of AIF and glioma cell death. We demonstrated that TAX1BP1 enhanced the activity of respiratory chain complex I not only by upregulating the expression of ND1, ND2, NDUFS2 and NDUFS4, but also promoting their assemblies into complex I. The activated respiratory complex I generated more superoxide to cause mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of AIF, while the increased mitochondrial superoxide reversely reinforced PARP1 activation by inducing ROS-dependent DNA double strand breaks. In mice bearing human U87 tumor xenograft, administration of DPT (10 mg· kg−1 ·d−1, i.p., for 8 days) markedly inhibited the tumor growth accompanied by NAD+ depletion, TAX1BP1 distribution to mitochondria, AIF distribution to nuclei as well as DNA DSBs and PARP1 activation in tumor tissues. Taken together, these data suggest that TAX1BP1 acts as a downstream signal of activated PARP1 to trigger nuclear translocation of AIF by activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from humans and animals in northeastern Iran
Authors: Ghazvini Kiarash , Khoshbakht Reza , Tadayon Keyvan , Mosavari Nader , BahramiTaghanaki Hamid Reza , Mohammadi Gholam Reza , Rashti Baf Mohammad , Nourian Kimiya , Samiei Amin , Ghavidel Mahdis
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from humans and cattle in northern Iran. Over the course of one year, a total of 120 human and 21 cattle isolates were tested using region of difference (RD)-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unites-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). In M. tuberculosis, out of 120 isolates investigated, the most common genotype detected was NEW-1 (53.3%), followed by CAS/ Delhi (24.1%), Haarlem (5%), Beijing (4.16%), Uganda I (4.16%), S (3.3%), Ural (0.83%), TUR (0.83%), Uganda II (0.83%), Lam (0.83%) and Cameroon (0.83%). The HGDI rate was 0.9981 and the clustering rate was 10.83. Of the isolates, QUB26 had the highest allele diversity (h: 0.76), while the loci Mtub29 and MIRU24 had the lowest (h: 0). In M. Bovis, out of 123 collected tissue samples, 21 (17%) grew on culture media. The HGDI rate was 0.71 and clustering rate was 85.7%. The locus ETRC had the highest allele diversity (h: 0.45). The findings of this study suggest that there is high genetic diversity among M. tuberculosis isolates in Khorasan Razavi Province, which is consistent with similar results from other studies in other provinces in Iran and neighboring countries. This indicates that the prevalent genotypes in this study are spreading in the Middle East region. Furthermore, considering that M. Bovis isolates were identified in two clusters, it seems that all of them have a common origin and are circulating among the livestock farms in the province.
Prediction of an effective cervical ripenning in the induction of labour using vaginal dinoprostone
Authors: López Jiménez Nuria , García Sánchez Fiamma , Pailos Rafael Hernández , Rodrigo Álvaro Valentin , Pascual Pedreño Ana , Moreno Cid María , Hernández Martínez Antonio , Molina Alarcón Milagros
Published: April 2023

To develop a predictive model for successful cervical ripening in women that undergo induction of labour by means of a vaginal prostaglandin slow-release delivery system (Propess®).  Prospective observational study on 204 women that required induction of labour between February 2019 and May 2020 at “La Mancha Centro” hospital in Alcázar de San Juan, Spain. The main variable studied was effective cervical ripening (Bishop score > 6). Using multivariate analysis and binary logistic regression, we created three initial predictive models (model A: Bishop Score + Ultrasound cervical length + clinical variables (estimated fetal weight, premature rupture of membranes and body mass index)); model B: Ultrasound cervical lenght + clinical variables; and model C: Bishop score + clinical variables) to predict effective cervical ripening. All three predictive models obtained (A, B and C) presented good predictive capabilities, with an area under the ROC curve ≥ 0.76. Predictive model C, composed of the variables: gestational age (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.03, p = 0.002), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.21 95% CI 1.34–7.70, p = 0.09) body mass index (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.98, p = 0.012), estimated fetal weight (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.068) and Bishop score (OR 1.49 95% CI 1.18–1.81, p = 0.001), is presented as the model of choice with an area under the ROC curve of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.83, p < 0.001). A predictive model composed of the variables: gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, body mass index, estimated fetal weight and Bishop score upon admission presents good capabilities in predicting successful cervical ripening following administration of prostaglandins. This tool could be useful in making clinical decisions with regard to induction of labour.
Synthesis of nucleoside oligophosphates by electrophilic activation of phosphorothioate
Authors: Hasegawa Shogo , Inagaki Masahito , Kato Shunichi , Li Zhenmin , Kimura Yasuaki , Abe Hiroshi
Published: April 2023

A synthetic method for nucleoside oligophosphates through electrophilic thioester nucleotides (EPT-Ns).
7-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield: does metal-complexation-induced twisting-inhibition of an amino GFP chromophore derivative enhance fluorescence?
Authors: Ke Hao-Wei , Sung Kuangsen
Published: April 2023

To investigate (1) the 7-membered-ring effect on fluorescence quantum yield and (2) whether metal-complexation-induced twisting-inhibition of a GFP chromophore derivative is bound to enhance fluorescence, (Z)-o-PABDI is designed and synthesized.
Omission of column washing operations in the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides
Authors: Xiao Li , Pickel Thomas , Li Zifan , Luciano Dominic , Yang Jing , Cho David , Mac Sophia , Shi Xianglin , Bou-Assaf George , Antia Firoz , Fillon Yannick
Published: April 2023

A systematic approach to the reduction and removal of each wash step in oligonucleotide synthesis was conducted, and a critical analysis of the results of this study is provided.
Polystyrene-supported imidazolium acidic ionic liquids: highly efficient catalysts for the synthesis of bisphenols
Authors: Su Dan , Xu Fei , Wang Heng , Xie Jingxue , Wang Shijie , Jiang Ming , Feng Mi , Zhang Zhencai , Song Zhiqiang , Liu Na
Published: April 2023

Reusable polystyrene-supported ionic liquid catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity for the synthesis of bisphenol compounds. The anions and cations of ionic liquids activate the substrates simultaneously, playing a synergistic catalytic role.
Colloidal antibiotic mimics: selective capture and killing of microorganisms by shape-anisotropic colloids
Authors: Ren Sihua , Xu Fei , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin
Published: April 2023

With lock–key interactions, colloidal antibiotic mimics can selectively capture the shape-matching microorganisms and photothermally kill them under NIR irradiation.
Fully distributed event‐triggered consensus control for linear multiagent systems under DoS attacks
Authors: Du Shengli , Sheng Hong , Sun Hao‐Yuan
Published: April 2023

This article investigates the event‐triggered consensus problem of general linear multiagent systems with denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. A distributed event‐triggered mechanism is presented to alleviate the limited communication resources, the designed mechanism is fully distributed owing to the introduction of some adaptive parameters. Moreover, since the DoS attacks have been considered in the event‐triggered rule design, a switching strategy for the adaptive parameters is adopted. A switching Lyapunov function is used to strictly demonstrate that secure consensus can be reached effectively under the proposed control mechanism. The quantitative relationship between the frequency of the DoS attacks and the consensus is also presented. Moreover, the Zeno behaviour can be excluded for the studied close‐looped systems. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given to demonstrate the validity of the designed control law.
A robust beamforming for MIMO radar against virtual array steering vector mismatch
Authors: Gao Yongchan , Jing Pucheng , Liao Guisheng , Zuo Lei
Published: April 2023

This letter considers the problem of beamforming in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar. The mismatch phenomenon of MIMO radar virtual array steering vector is addressed, which can better describe the mismatch characteristics of not only one‐way transmitting or receiving path but also the whole transmit‐receive path for a collocated MIMO radar. Then, a new robust beamforming method for MIMO radar against virtual array steering vector mismatch is proposed. The object function of this robust MIMO radar beamformer is constructed from an infinite norm of the output data, which is solved by linear programming. The performance of the proposed beamformer is verified by simulation results. Numerical results illustrate that proposed beamformer exhibits good performance improvement in virtual array steering vector mismatch compared to conventional methods.
Activity‐related multifractal properties of Wi‐Fi signals
Authors: Bjelica Milan , Slavković Nikola
Published: April 2023

In wireless local area networks (WLANs) compliant with the IEEE 802.11n standard, channel state information (CSI) is known to embed information about the surrounding environment, including the positions and movements of people. So far, this information has been inferred by exploiting certain temporal and spectral features of the related WLAN signals. In this letter, their multifractal, i.e. structural properties are examined by means of detrended fluctuation analysis. Preliminary results support the claims that (a) CSI traces exhibit multifractal properties and (b) these are influenced by human presence and activity/posture within the room.
Power disturbance waveform analysis and proactive application in power systems
Authors: Xiao Xianyong , Zhou Yi , Zhang Wenhai , Wang Yang , Zheng Zixuan , Hu Wenxi
Published: April 2023

Power disturbances, defined as the waveform distortion of a power system under normal or abnormal conditions, contain considerable system and equipment state information. Obtaining equipment and system state information from power disturbance is very important to ensure the safety of power grids. To adapt to the development of power electronics, informatisation and digitisation of power systems, several applications with waveform‐recording devices have obtained large amounts of disturbance waveform data, laying an important foundation for the analysis and application of power disturbance waveform data. First, typical disturbance waveform monitoring devices and a disturbance trigger detection algorithm are introduced. Then, disturbances are classified as switching, fault, or abnormal operations, according to the cause. The characteristics of various typical disturbance waveform data were analysed by combining the simulation and measured data. This paper summarises the application analysis of power disturbance waveform data at both the system and equipment levels. Finally, the construction scheme of a power disturbance waveform data monitoring and analysis platform for two different application scenarios was proposed for commutation failure monitoring and medium‐voltage distribution network fault warning. The research conducted here is expected to support the construction of a power disturbance waveform analysis platform.