bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constituents of Prokaryotic Organism
Authors: Ubani Solomon I.
Published: June 2022

Research was to study exoenzyme a extracellular enzyme secretions by a cell and functions outside of organism. The research question was this for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms important for many biological processes. The method involved studies of cytoplasm within a cell surround by membrane. This consisted of examination of the material a gelatinous substance, organelles, sub-structures and inclusions. The results showed most prokaryotic had sizes from 0.5 to 2.0µm in diameter. This had three regions the membrane and some bacteria. The cellular concentrations had levels of 6 to 8 degrees of magnitude lower than those of high abundance of proteomes. The gene micro-arrays had interactions with oligo cells. It concluded phase extraction was needed in sets and preconcentration. The surrounds of glycan structures synthesis had presence of glycan in biological samples of immunologically based measurements of cells.
In-plane hyperbolic polariton tuners in terahertz and long-wave infrared regimes
Authors: Huang Wuchao , Folland Thomas G. , Sun Fengsheng , Zheng Zebo , Xu Ningsheng , Xing Qiaoxia , Jiang Jingyao , Caldwell Joshua , Yan Hugen , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shao-Zhi
Published: June 2022

Development of terahertz (THz) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) technologies is mainly bottlenecked by the limited intrinsic response of traditional materials. Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) of van der Waals semiconductors couple strongly with THz and LWIR radiation. However, the mismatch of photon−polariton momentum makes far-field excitation of HPhPs challenging. Here, we propose an In-Plane Hyperbolic Polariton Tuner and demonstrate a first device responding to direct far-field excitation and giving rise to a unique set of characteristic functions at far-field. Such a device is based on patterned surface directly written on van der Waals semiconductors; here α-MoO3. The resonances are found to strongly rely on in-plane hyperbolic polariton of patterned α-MoO3, exhibiting high quality factors up to 300, and to determine the characteristics of resultant tunable polarization and selection of the wavelength of reflection and transmission and regulation of output intensity. This is important to development of THz and LWIR miniaturized devices.
Clinical Analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with segmental portal vein tumor thrombus after deceased donor liver transplantation: a long-term retrospective study
Authors: Sha Meng , Chen Chen , Shen Chuan , Jeong Seogsong , Sun Han-yong , Xu Ning , Hang Hua-lian , Cao Jie , Tong Ying , Xia Qiang
Published: June 2022

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) have conventionally been regarded as a contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). However, the outcomes of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in patients with segmental PVTT remain unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of DDLT in the treatment of HCC with segmental PVTT.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 254 patients who underwent DDLT for HCC in our institution from January 2015 to November 2019. To assess the risks of PVTT, various clinicopathological variables were evaluated. Overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) analyses based on different PVTT types were performed in HCC patients.
Results
Of the 254 patients, a total of 46 patients had PVTT, of whom 35 had lobar PVTT and 11 had segmental PVTT in second-order branches or below. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, tumor maximal diameter, histological grade, micro-vascular invasion (MVI), RFS, and OS were significantly different between the control and PVTT groups. Lobar PVTT was associated with unfavorable 5-year RFS and OS compared with MVI group (28.6% and 17.1%, respectively). Instead, no significant difference was observed between the segmental PVTT and MVI group in terms of 5-year RFS and OS (RFS: 36.4% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.667; OS: 54.5% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.395). Further subgroup analysis showed segmental PVTT with AFP levels ≤ 100 ng/ml presented significantly favorable RFS and OS rates than those with AFP level > 100 ng/ml (p = 0.050 and 0.035, respectively).
Conclusions
In summary, lobar PVTT in first-order branches remains a contraindication to DDLT. HCC patients with segmental PVTT and AFP level ≤ 100 ng/ml may be acceptable candidates for DDLT.
One step dual template facile synthesis of Micro-Mesoporous ZSM-5 Composite and its application in 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (biofuel additive) synthesis
Authors: Manal Prajakta N. , Niphadkar Prashant S. , Nandanwar Sachin U. , Bokade Vijay V.
Published: June 2022

The preparation of micro-mesoporous zeolite with controlled mesoporosity is an expanding area of research having advantages in term of the creation of mesoporosity by preserving crystallinity of zeolite; converting bulky molecules to valuable products etc. The present work is a successful attempt to synthesize micro-meso ZSM-5 composite in one step using cheaper silica (sodium silicate) and alumina (aluminiumsulphate) as source material with dual templates (CTMABr and TPABr). The insitu mesoporous creation in a controlled way by using these source materials is rarely reported. The facile one-step synthesis of micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite feature dual Meso/microporosity by the marginal decrease in crystallinity(71%)and mesoporous creation in micro-ZSM-5 found to be depend on optimum CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio in the range of 0.04 to 0.06. The micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite zeolite was evaluated for cascade synthesis of 5-EMF (ethoxymethyl furfural- biofuel additive) from fructose, exhibited 5 fold increase in EMF yield of 24.2% than micropous ZSM-5 4.6%.
Synthesis, Characterization And Larvicidal Activity Of Schiff Base Ligand 5-(((5-mercapto- 1,3,4-thiadaizol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol And Its Metal(Ii) Complexes
Authors: Deepika P , M Vinusha H. , Begum Muneera , Rekha N D
Published: June 2022

In the current work we have synthesized a Schiff base ligand 5-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadaizol-2-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (HL) derived from the condensation of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadaizole 2- thiol and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde and its Cu(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes in 2:1 stoichiometric ratio (2HL:M). The formation of the ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated using MS technique, FT-IR, UV-Visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and thermogravimetric analysis. The larvicidal bioassay were also done for all the metal complexes and Schiff base ligand. The mortality of the larvicidal activity were also determined.
Prolonged usage of fosaprepitant for prevention of delayed CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Gao# Ai , Guan# Shasha , Sun Yinjuan , Wang Lingling , Meng Fanlu , Liu Xia , Gu Liyan , Li Guo , Zhong Diansheng , Zhang Linlin
Published: June 2022

Background: Even though chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can be well controlled in the acute phase, the incidence of delayed CINV remains high. In this study, we intend to investigate whether prolonged use of NK-1 receptor antagonist (RA) in addition to 5-HT3 RA and dexamethasone (DEX) was more effective in preventing delayed CINV.Methods: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of fosaprepitant 150 mg given on days 1,3 (prolonged group) versus on day 1 (regular group) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). All patients also treated with palonosetron on day 1 and DEX on days 1-4. The primary endpoint was the incidence of delayed nausea and vomiting. The second endpoint was related AEs. All the above endpoints were defined according to CTCAE 5.0.Results: Seventy-seven patients were randomly assigned to prolonged group and seventy-nine to regular group. Prolonged group demonstrated superiority in controlling delayed CINV to regular group, with statistically significant lower incidence of nausea (6.17% vs 12.66%, P=0.0056), and slightly lower incidence of grade 1 vomiting (1.62% vs 3.80%, P=0.0953) in the delayed phase. In addition, prolonged use of fosaprepitant was safe. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding constipation, diarrhea, hiccough, fatigue, palpitation and headache in delayed phase.Conclusions: Prolonged use of fosaprepitant can effectively and safely prevent delayed CINV in patients receiving HEC.
A Novel Fully Convolutional Neural Network Approach For Detection and Classification of Attacks on Industrial IoT Devices in Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Shahin Mohammad , Chen F. Frank , Bouzary Hamed , Hosseinzadeh Ali , Rashidifar Rasoul
Published: June 2022

Recently, Internet of things (IoT) devices have been widely implemented and technologically advanced in manufacturing settings to monitor, collect, exchange, analyze, and deliver data. However, this transition has increased the risk of cyberattacks, exponentially. Subsequently, developing effective intrusion detection systems based on deep learning algorithms has proven to become a reliable intelligence tool to protect Industrial IoT devices against cyber threats. This paper presents the implementation of two different classifications and detection utilizing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to address cyber-security concerns on three benchmark Industrial IoT datasets (BoT-IoT, UNSW-NB15, and TON-IoT) which take advantage of various deep learning algorithms. An overall analysis of the performance of the proposed models is provided. Augmenting the LSTM with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCN) achieves state-of-the-art performance in detecting cybersecurity threats.
Objective Structured Assessment Ultrasound Skill Scale for Hyomental distance competence – psychometric study
Authors: Gomes Sara Hora , Trindade Marta , Petrisor Cristina , Costa Dinis , Pêgo José M. , Correia-Pinto Jorge , Costa Patrício S.
Published: June 2022

Background: Ultrasound assessment of the airway recently integrates the point-of-care approach to patient evaluation since ultrasound measurements can predict a difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Because ultrasonography is performer-dependent, a proper training and assessment tool is needed to increase diagnostic accuracy. An objective, structured assessment ultrasound skill (OSAUS) scale was recently developed for different medical fields. The work aims to study the psychometric properties of OSAUS Scale when used to evaluate competence in ultrasound hyomental distance (HMD) measurement. Methods: Prospective and experimental study. Fifteen volunteers were recruited and divided into three groups depending on participants expertise in airway ultrasound. Each participant performed ultrasonographic HMD evaluation, with the patient in head neutral and extended position, in 3 standardized patients. The performance was videorecord and anonymized. Five assessors blindly rated participants’ performance using OSAUS scale and a Global Rating Scale (GRS). A psychometric study of OSAUS scale as assessment tool for ultrasound HMD competence was done. Results: Psychometric analysis of OSAUS showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.916) and inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.720; p<0.001). The novice group scored 15.4±0.08 (mean±SD), the intermediate 14.3±0.33 and expert 13.5±0.68, with a significant difference between novice and expert groups (p=0.036). The time in seconds to complete the task was evaluated: novice (90.40±34.15) (mean±SD), intermediate (84.20±22.88) and experts (82.60±15.07), with no significant differences between groups. A strong correlation was observed between OSAUS and global rating scale (r=0.970, p<0.001). Conclusions: The study demonstrated evidence of validity. Further studies are needed to move forward to implement OSAUS scale in the clinical setting for training and assessment of airway ultrasound competence.
Obstetric violence and associated factors among HIV-infected women receiving birth care at Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Anteneh Wondimagegn , Ayele Basha , Masersha Seteamlak Adane
Published: June 2022

Background: Obstetrics violence is the adverse outcome of maternal and prenatal health. In the study context, there was limited data on obstetrics violence among HIV infected women. Therefore, the aim of this study to assess obstetric violence and its associated factors among HIV-infected women receiving birth at public health facilities in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional base cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 1-30, 2021 at selected public health facilities in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Thereafter, all covariates with p-value <0.2 is a cutoff points for bivariate analysis were considered for further multivariate logistic regression. Finally level of stastical significant were declared at p value <0.05. Result: A total of 318 HIV-infected women were participated in this study yielding 100% response rate. All type/form of obstetric violence were reported during the study period. Accordingly, Female birth attendant (AOR= 2.848; 95% CI 1.574, 5.153), women who had three times ANC-visitors (AOR= 2.994; 95% CI 1.390, 6.449), women age >35 years old (AOR= 2.471; 95% CI 1.245, 4.904) and women education primary school (AOR= 2.126; 95% CI 1.084, 4.170) were significantly associated with obstetric violence. Conclusion: This study indicated that the prevalence of obstetric violence among HIV infected women was high. Therefore, to reduce violence during birth care by ensuring clear policies and ethical standards of birth care will be develop and implement and also to rise quality of maternal birth care through an inclusive process by involving the participation all families and stakeholders.
Effects of Feeding Artemia sp. and Artificial Feed Enriched with Bacillus sp. NP5 to Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus on Growth Performance, Immune Responses, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Authors: Widanarni Widanarni , Aswandi Diar Setiawan , Rahman Rahman , Munaeni Waode
Published: June 2022

Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) is caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and often attacks juvenile catfish. Probiotics could be an alternative to prevent MAS disease. This study aims to determine the dose of probiotics to improve the survival, growth performance, and immune response of juvenile catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus to the A. hydrophila infection. This probiotic was contained in Artemia sp. and artificial feed enriched with Bacillus sp. NP5 at concentrations of 106 CFU.mL-1, 107 CFU.mL-1, 108 CFU.mL-1, and the control. Larvae with an average weight of 1.52 ± 0.06 mg and an average length of 0.46 ± 0.007 cm were reared for 28 days in aquariums filled with 10 L of water and a stocking density of 15 individuals.L-1. After the rearing period, the fish was challenged by the immersion of A. hydrophila with a concentration of 107 CFU.mL-1. This study has revealed that probiotics could increase the fish’s survival, length growth, daily growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. The total bacterial count in larvae and probiotics in juvenile fish is higher than those in the control. After the fish had been challenged with the probiotics at a concentration of 108 CFU.mL-1, they had a better survival rate and immune responses (including leukocyte differential, phagocytosis activity, and respiratory burst activity) than the positive control. Probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 is effectively administered through bioencapsulated Artemia sp. and commercial feed.
Genetic deletion of HPV E7 oncogene effectively eliminates HPV driven oropharyngeal cancer tumours
Authors: Idris Adi , McMillan Nigel , Ferreira Danyelle
Published: June 2022

The major HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 are known for its notoriety in driving the carcinogenic process in human papilloma virus (HPV) driven cancers. It is well-established that the removal of E7 dampens HPV cancer cell growth and proliferation. This has made E7 one of the most attractive targets for HPV cancers. Seminal work from our laboratory employed in vivo CRISPR editing treatment to delete E7, resulting in the effective elimination of HPV positive (HPV+) cervical cancer tumours in vivo. We have also successfully delayed HPV+ tumour growth in vivo with aurora kinase (AURK) inhibitors, an effect which is strongly sensitized by the presence of E7 expression. Unlike our observations in cervical cancer cells, in vitro targeting of E6/E7 have only resulted in partial killing of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) cells. The effect of E7 removal on HPV+ OPC tumours in vivo have not been explored. In this study we investigated a staggered combination of aurora kinase inhibition, using alisertib, followed by CRISPR editing of E7, to determine if this would lead to better HPV+ OPC cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, genetic deletion of E7 alone was sufficient to effectively eliminate established HPV+ OPC tumours in vivo suggesting that E7 is essential in the maintenance of HPV+ OPC cancers.
Mesoporous titania-ceria mixed oxide (MTCMO) catalyzed one-pot green synthesis and antibacterial activity of diethyl (((4-(N-(5-methyl-4, 5- dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)amino)(substituted methyl) phosphonates
Authors: Shaik Yasmin Haroon , Sarva Santhisudha , Gundluru Mohan , John Ashwini , Ethiraj Selvarajan , Cirandur Suresh Reddy
Published: June 2022

An efficient green synthesis of diethyl (((4-(N-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)amino)(substituted methyl) phosphonates was accomplished by the condensation of 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3yl)benzenesulfonamide with various aldehydes and diethyl phosphite using mesoporous titania-ceria mixed oxide (MTCMO) as a nano-catalyst under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions. Antimicrobial activity was performed for the synthesized compounds and the compounds 4a, 4c, 4d, 4e and 4f exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis using Penicillin and Tetracycline as standards.
Peak Flow Prediction and Hydrologic Hazard Assessment for Kessem Dam by Using Machine Learning Models and RMC-RFA Software
Authors: Ergete Esayase Tesfaye , Ayele Elias Gebebeyhu
Published: June 2022

In dam systems, flooding is a peak flow that the major problem and cause of dam failure in the form of overtopping phenomena, especially for embankment dams. A quantitative hydrologic risk assessment of the dam is used for dam safety evaluation in deciding whether existing structures provide adequate levels of safety, and if not, what modifications are justified to improve the dam's safety. This study considered the Kessem River watershed of the Awash basin, located at 9o8’45" latitude and 39o55'31" longitude at the southern end of the Afar rift in the Afar region of Ethiopia, and focused on the powerful method of prediction peak inflow to the reservoir, including the semi-quantitative assessment of hydrologic hazard for Kessem Dam using machine learning predictive models and RMC-RFA software. The most recent three RNN (LSTM, Bi-LSTM, and GRU) machine learning predictive models with hybrid to SCS-CN model were used for simulation of Kessem river flow. Peak daily inflow events to the reservoir are predicted to be 467.72 m3/s, 435.88 m3/s and 513.55 m3/s in 2035, 2061, and 2090, respectively. The hydrologic hazard analysis results show that 2,823.57 m3/s and 935.21 m, 2,126.3 m3/s and 934.18 m, and 11,491.1 m3/s and 942.11 m peak discharge and maximum reservoir water level during the periods of 2022–2050, 2051–2075, and 2076–2100, respectively, for 0.0001 APE. As concluded, Kessem dam may potentially be overtopped by a flood with a return period of about 10,000 years during the period of 2076–2100. So, the dam required further risk analysis study and dam safety modification in order to control this probable failure mode during the indicated time.
TRPA1 as a O2 sensor detects microenvironmental hypoxia in the mice anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Kawabata Ryo , Yao Ikuko , Arata Akiko , Koga Kohei
Published: June 2022

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a member of the TRP channel family and is expressed in peripheral and central nervous systems. In the periphery, TRPA1 senses cold and pain. However, the functions of TRPA1 in the CNS are unclear. Here, we examined the roles of TRPA1 on neural activity and synaptic transmission in layer II/III pyramidal neurons from mice anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The activation of TRPA1 produced inward currents that were blocked by the TRPA1 antagonist. Furthermore, activating TRPA1 changed the properties of action potentials such as the frequency, rise time and decay time. In contrast, stimulating TRPA1 did not alter the spontaneous synaptic transmission. Finally, we examined the functional role of TRPA1 on neurons in a hypoxic environment. We induced an acute hypoxia by substituting nitrogen (N2) gas for oxygen (O2) in the external solution. N2 produced biphasic effects that consisting of inward currents in the early phase and outward currents in the late phase. Importantly, blocking TRPA1 reduced inward currents, but not outward currents. In contrast, a KATP channel blocker completely inhibited outward currents. These results suggest that TRPA1 acts on postsynaptic neurons in the ACC as an acute O2 sensor.
Low Cost Novel Supplementation of Anionic Salts to Reduce the Incidence of Economically Important Milk Fever Disease in Transition Cows
Authors: Gunasekaran S. , Radharishnan L. , sundaram S. Meenakshi
Published: June 2022

A feeding trial was conducted in 16 transition cows (farm and field conditions) to increase the serum calcium level through feeding anionic salts and reducing the positivity of the diet. Anionic salts were supplemented based on assessing the Dietary Cationic and Anionic Difference (DCAD) value of the feed and fodders offered to the animals affected with milk fever in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. DCAD value of the ration of all experimental cows was adjusted to -15 to -10 mEq/100g dry matter by supplementation of anionic salts viz., calcium sulphide and magnesium chloride along with hydroponic fodder bajra. Anionic salts supplementation for three weeks prior to calving resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum calcium levels in all 16 cows. In post supplementation, average increase in the serum calcium level is 0.93 mg/dl, an increase by 10.80 per cent.
Design, characterization and preliminary usability testing of a portable robot for unsupervised therapy of hand function
Authors: Ranzani Raffaele , Albrecht Martin , Haarman Claudia , Koh Emily , Devittori Giada , Held Jeremia P.O. , Tönis Frederik , Gassert Roger , Lambercy Olivier
Published: June 2022

Background: There is evidence that increasing therapy dose after stroke might promote recovery. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, therapy dose is limited by financial and organizational constraints. Simple, scalable, robotic devices that could be used with minimal to no supervision in the clinic or at home bear the promise of increasing dose without requiring additional resources. For this purpose, we developed HandyBot, a portable three-degrees-of-freedom end-effector haptic device to perform sensorimotor task-oriented therapy of hand function (i.e., grasping, forearm pronosupination, wrist flexion-extension) in different environments (e.g., clinic, home). Methods: In this paper we present the design of the device and its technical evaluation in terms of workspace, dynamics (i.e., max end-effector velocity, acceleration and force), sensing (i.e., position, velocity and force resolution) and haptic performance (i.e., transparency, maximum stable impedance range, rigid contact rendering accuracy). Furthermore, its usability was assessed in terms of System Usability Scale (SUS) in a single-session pilot study with four subjects with chronic stroke that tested the HandyBot therapy platform (i.e., haptic device with a graphical/physical user interface and a set of therapy exercises) while simulating unsupervised use (i.e., the subject used the device independently but a therapist was observing the session for study purposes). Results: HandyBot showed hardware and control performances comparable to other less portable therapy devices for hand function (e.g., 94% accuracy in stiffness rendering, device transparency increased by 69.14% with impedance control), making it a suitable platform for the implementation of engaging sensorimotor therapy exercises. HandyBot showed good platform usability in terms of SUS (i.e., above 75 out of 100 for device and graphical user interfaces, above 65 out of 100 for the exercises) when tested in simulated unsupervised settings. These tests could underline minor design improvements that should be considered to allow the use of such devices in uncontrolled settings. Conclusions: HandyBot is usable at first exposure and could support the implementation of unsupervised robot-assisted sensorimotor therapy of hand function. This therapy approach combined with this novel portable robotic device may help maximize therapy dose and decrease therapy-associated costs (e.g., therapist time to therapy time ratio) in different environments.
Naturalistic visualization of reaching movements using head-mounted displays improves movement quality and proves high usability compared to conventional computer screens
Authors: Wenk Nicolas , Buetler Karin A. , Penalver-Andres Joaquin , Müri René M. , Marchal-Crespo Laura
Published: June 2022

Background: The relearning of movements after brain injury can be optimized by providing intensive, meaningful, and motivating training using virtual reality (VR). However, most current solutions use two-dimensional (2D) screens, where patients interact via symbolic representations of their limbs (e.g., a cursor). These 2D screens lack depth cues, potentially deteriorating movement quality and increasing cognitive load. Head-mounted displays (HMDs) have great potential to provide naturalistic movement visualization by incorporating improved depth cues, reduce visuospatial transformations by rendering movements in the space where they are performed, and preserve eye-hand coordination by showing an avatar – with immersive VR (IVR) – or the user’s real body – with augmented reality (AR). However, elderly populations might not find these novel technologies usable, hampering potential motor and cognitive benefits. Methods: We compared movement quality, cognitive load, motivation and system usability in twenty elderly participants (>59 y.o.) while performing a dual motor-cognitive task with different visualization technologies: IVR HMD, AR HMD, and a 2D screen. We evaluated participants’ self-reported cognitive load, motivation, and usability using questionnaires. We also conducted a pilot study with five brain-injured patients comparing the visualization technologies while using an assistive device. Results: Elderly participants performed straighter, shorter duration, and smoother movements when the task was visualized with the HMDs than screen. The IVR HMD led to shorter duration movements than AR, and both HMDs were associated with shorter movement duration than the screen. Movement onsets were shorter with IVR than AR, and shorter for both HMDs than the screen, potentially indicating facilitated reaction times due to reduced cognitive load. No differences were found in the questionnaires regarding cognitive load, motivation, or usability between technologies in elderly participants. Both HMDs proved high usability in our small sample of patients. Conclusions: HMDs are a promising technology to be incorporated into neurorehabilitation, as their more naturalistic movement visualization improves movement quality compared to conventional screens. HMDs demonstrate high usability, without decreasing participants’ motivation, and might potentially lower cognitive load. Our preliminary clinical results suggest that brain-injured patients may especially benefit from more immersive technologies. However, larger patient samples are needed to draw stronger conclusions.
Loss of bisecting GlcNAcylation on MCAM of bone marrow stoma determined pro-tumoral niche in MDS/AML
Authors: Guan Feng , Feng Jingjing , Wang Yi , Li Bingxin , Yu Xinwen , Lei Lei , Wu JinPeng , Zhang Xin , Chen Qiushi , Zhou Yue , Gou Junjie , Li Hongjiao , Tan Zengqi , Dai Zhijun , Li Xiang
Published: June 2022

Bone marrow (BM) stroma plays key roles in supporting hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) growth. Glycosylation contributes to the interactions between HSC and surrounding microenvironment. We observed that bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) structures, in BM stromal cells were significantly lower for MDS/AML patients than for healthy subjects. Malignant clonal cells delivered exosomal miR-188-5p to recipient stromal cells, where it suppressed bisecting GlcNAc by targeting MGAT3 gene. Proteomic analysis revealed reduced GlcNAc structures and enhanced expression of MCAM, a marker of BM niche. We characterized MCAM as a bisecting GlcNAc-bearing target protein, and identified Asn 56 as bisecting GlcNAc modification site on MCAM. MCAM on stromal cell surface with reduced bisecting GlcNAc bound strongly to CD13 on myeloid cells, activated responding ERK signaling, and thereby promoted myeloid cell growth. Our findings, taken together, suggest a novel mechanism whereby MDS/AML clonal cells generate a self-permissive niche by modifying glycosylation level of stromal cells.
Efficient removal of antibodies to adeno-associated viruses by immunoadsorption
Authors: Boedecker-Lips Simone , Judel Andreas , Holtz Stefan , Klimpke Pascal , Kraus Daniel , Schreiner Thomas , Gerstmayer Bernhard , Eulitz Klaus , Mayer Magnus , Weinmann-Menke Julia
Published: June 2022

Gene therapies based on adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are a therapeutic option to successfully treat monogenetic diseases. However, the influence of pre-existing immunity to AAV can compromise the application of AAV gene therapy, most notably by the presence of neutralizing antibodies to AAV. In the following study we investigated to what extent the treatment by immunoadsorption (IA) would reduce the levels of human anti-AAV antibodies to AAV2 and AAV5. To that end, we analyzed blood sera from patients receiving IA treatment because of underlying autoimmune disease or transplant rejection. Our results show that IA efficiently reduces pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies with continuous lowering of neutralizing antibodies to below the threshold titer of 1:5 in 45% (anti-AAV2) and 80% (anti-AAV5) of the patients, respectively, after three to five single IA treatments. In summary, IA may represent a safe strategy to precondition patients with pre-existing AAV antibodies to make this population eligible for an effective AAV-based gene therapy.
Progressive loading pattern during the execution of a simulated transosseous - equivalent rotator cuff repair assembling with two different medial row anchor mechanisms
Authors: Dias Carlos Maia , Gonçalves Sérgio B. , Angelo Ana Catarina , Azevedo Clara de Campos , Mineiro Jorge , Ferreira Frederico , Folgado Joao
Published: June 2022

Background: The biomechanical stability of transosseous-equivalent rotator cuff repairs is critical for proper tendon healing. Although several studies demonstrated the effect of different types of transosseous-equivalent configurations on tendon-bone interface contact force, pressure, and area at time 0, none explored the pattern of progressive compressive force during the surgical procedure nor its implications for lateral-row anchor stress and location site.This study aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive force pattern at the tendon-bone interface during the execution of two simulated transosseous-equivalent repairs.Methods: Contact force at the tendon-bone interface was evaluated using a force sensor applied in a humeral head and rotator cuff synthetic representative model. Force was registered upon execution of the most critical surgical gestures, namely lateral anchor placement and suture limb tensioning. Repairs with medial-row sliding mechanisms were compared with non-sliding ones.Findings: The progressive contact force pattern at the tendon-bone interface for the two approaches differed. In non-sliding configurations, there was an increase of approximately 83% of the final force after suture tensioning of the first lateral anchor, while in the sliding technique, the second lateral anchor placement and suture tensioning had a greater contribution to the final contact force (68%).Interpretation: These findings can help surgeons choose the optimal site for anchor placement and reduce the risk of anchor dislodgement by taking into consideration the patient’s bone quality and the force apllied at the TBI that is sustained by each lateral anchor during the execution of these surgical techniques.
G-quadruplex-enhanced circular single-stranded DNA (G4-CSSD) adsorption of miRNA to inhibit colon cancer progression
Authors: Wu Haidong , Zhong Weilong , Zhang Ronghua , Ding Yuping , Sun Bo , Qu Chunhua , Lai Keguan , Pang Zheng , Yin Shan , Sun Tao , Zhang Guangling , Chen Shuang
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of cadmium on LC 50 , histological characteristics and liver DNA damage of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Zhou Xinhong , Wu Qiuhong , Li Jin , Bao Songsong , Wang Yachao , Jiang Li
Published: June 2022

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on Semi-lethal concentration (LC50), histological characteristics and liver DNA damage of juvenile largemouth bass. Healthy juvenile largemouth bass was randomly divided into 6 treatment groups (0 mg/L, 85 mg/L, 90 mg/L, 95 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 105 mg/L,) with 3 replicates per treatment (9 fish/replicate), and was subjected to 96h toxicity test. The experimental results show that: The LC50 for 48h, 72h and 96h were 88.90mg/L, 86.74mg/L and 86.65mg/L, respectively, and the safe concentration (SC) was 8.67mg/L. The liver and spleen of largemouth bass were collected to make pathological sections, and the results showed that Cd had an obvious toxic injury to the liver and spleen, manifested by vacuolar degeneration of liver cells, and disorganized arrangement of spleen corpuscles and increased macrophages. The results of single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) showed that when the exposure concentration reached 90 mg/L, the tail distance, tail DNA content, tail length and Olive tail distance of liver DNA of juvenile largemouth bass were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); with the increase of Cd concentration, the tail length, tail moment, tail DNA and olive tail moment of DNA also increased.
Inorganic sorbents on the base of magnesium silicates obtained by two synthetic routes
Authors: Kravchenko Mycola V. , Khodakovska Tatiana A. , Kovtun Maria F. , Romanova Irina V.
Published: June 2022

In the present study three novel inorganic ion exchange materials on the base of magnesium silicates were synthesized by precipitation and hydrothermal sol gel methods with two reagents ratio. Physico-chemical properties of samples were characterized by thermogravemetric and differential thermal analyses, low temperature adsorption/desorption method and transmission electron microscopic studies. It was found that all sorbents were obtained in a form of amorphous layer-structure magnesium silicates with micro- and mesoporous structure. The ion exchange properties of these materials for Cs+, Sr2+ Cu2+, Co2+and Cd2+ removing from water solution investigated. Data obtained showed that magnesium silicates had the higher capacity toward the heavy metal cations compared to the radionuclides regardless the method used for synthesis. The sample synthesized with excess of metasilicate exhibited the higher efficiency of heavy metal cations sorption than the sample obtained using equimolar ratio of components. Amongst Langmuir and Freundlich models, Langmuir model fitted well for experimental data received on these adsorbents.
Orbital hybridization and electrostatic interaction in a double molecule transistor
Authors: Guo Xiao , Yang Qing , Yu Wei , Zhu Qiuhao , Cai Yuwen , Lu Wengang , Meng Sheng , Liang Wenjie
Published: June 2022

Understanding the intermolecular interactions and utilize these interactions to effectively control the transport behavior of single molecule is the key step from single molecule device to molecular circuits1-6. Although many single molecule detection techniques are used to detect the molecular interaction at single-molecule level1,4,5,7,8, probing and tuning the intermolecular interaction all by electrical approaches has not been demonstrated. In this work, we successful assemble a double molecule transistor incorporating two manganese phthalocyanine molecules, on which we probe and tune the interaction in situ by implementing electrical manipulation on molecular orbitals using gate voltage. Orbital levels of the two molecules couple to each other and couple to the universal gate differently. Electrostatic interaction is observed when single electron changing in one molecule alters the transport behavior of the other, providing the information about the dynamic process of electron sequent tunneling through a molecule. Orbital hybridization is found when two orbital levels are put into degeneracy under non-equilibrium condition, making the tunneling electrons no longer localized to a specific molecule but shared by two molecules, offering a new mechanism to control charge transfer between non-covalent molecules. Current work offer a forelook into working principles of functional electrical unit based on single molecules.
Disruption of Type I Collagen Through Genetic Rearrangements or Mutations Is Implicated in the Tumorigenesis of Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora’s Lesion)
Authors: Kao Yu-Chien , Yoshida Akihiko , Hsieh Tsung-Han , Nord Karolin , Saba Karim , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Huang Hsuan-Ying , Chen Paul Chih‐Hsueh , Fletcher Christopher , Lee Jen-Chieh
Published: June 2022

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP, or Nora’s lesion) is a benign bone surface lesion which most commonly occurs in the digits of young patients and has a high recurrence rate. Histologically, it is composed of a mixture of disorganized bone, cartilage, and spindle cells in variable proportions and characterized by amorphous “blue bone” mineralization. Recurrent chromosomal abnormalities including t(1;17)(q32-42;q21-23) and inv(7)(q21.1-22q31.3-32) have been reported in BPOP. However, the exact genes involved in the rearrangements remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed 7 BPOP cases affecting the fingers, toe, ulna, and radius of 4 female and 3 male patients, aged 5 to 68 years. RNA sequencing on 5 cases identified genetic fusions between COL1A2 and LINC-PINT, a long non-coding RNA, in 3 cases, and COL1A1::MIR29B2CHG fusion in 1, both validated with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription-PCR. The remaining fusion-negative case harbored 3 COL1A1 mutations as revealed by whole exome sequencing and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. All these genetic alterations were predicted to cause frameshift and/or truncation of COL1A1/2. The chromosomal locations of COL1A2 (7q21.3), LINC-PINT (7q32.3), COL1A1 (17q21.33), and MIR29B2CHG (1q32.2) were consistent with the breakpoints identified in the previous cytogenetic studies. Subsequent screening of 2 BPOPs by FISH identified one additional case with COL1A1 rearrangement. Our findings are consistent with reported chromosomal abnormalities, and implicate the disruption of type I collagen through COL1A1/2 rearrangements or COL1A1 mutations in the tumorigenesis of BPOP. The prevalence and tumorigenic mechanisms of these COL1A1/2 alterations in BPOP require further investigation.
Risk Factors for Non-Response to 2 Years of Denosumab Administration in Patients with Osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Nagao Masashi , Nishizaki Yuji , Maeda Eri , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: June 2022

Background: To investigate the factors associated with changes in bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab.Methods: This retrospectively registered study included 162 osteoporotic patients treated with denosumab for 24 months between 2013 and 2019. Patients were divided according to the changes in BMD as non-responders (NL group: <3% increase in lumbar spine BMD [LBMD], NH group: <0% increase in femoral neck BMD [HBMD]) or responders (RL group: ≥3% increase in LBMD, RH group: ≥0% increase in HBMD).Results: The respective changes in the LBMD and HBMD after 24 months of denosumab treatment were 9.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.1–10.6) and 3.3% (95% CI: 2.1–4.5). Twenty-eight (15.3%) patients were in the NL group, and 134 (82.7%) were in the RL group. A history of bisphosphonate treatment was a risk factor for being in the NL group (odds ratio [OR]: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.38–10.71, p=0.007; adjusted OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.01–10.19, p=0.048). Although the NH and RH groups had similar baseline characteristics, the NH group had a significantly higher baseline HBMD than the RH group (p=0.003). The change in HBMD was negatively associated with the HBMD at baseline (r=-0.34, p<0.001). No new osteoporotic fractures occurred in either group during follow-up.Conclusion: In osteoporotic patients receiving denosumab treatment, a history of bisphosphonate treatment was a risk factor for a lack of increase in LBMD, and a higher HBMD at baseline was negatively associated with the change in HBMD.
Characterizing human movement patterns using GPS data loggers in an area of persistent malaria in Zimbabwe along the Mozambique border
Authors: Hast Marisa , Mharakurwa Sungano , Shields Timothy M. , Lubinda Jailos , Searle Kelly M. , Gwanzura Lovemore , Munyati Shungu , Moss William J.
Published: June 2022

Background: Human mobility is a driver for the reemergence or resurgence of malaria and has been identified as a source of cross-border transmission. However, movement patterns are difficult to measure in remote rural areas where malaria risk is high. In countries with malaria elimination goals, it is essential to determine the role of mobility on malaria transmission in order to implement appropriate interventions. Methods: A study was conducted in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, to investigate human movement patterns in an area of persistent transmission along the border with Mozambique. Over one year, a convenience sample of 20 participants per month was recruited from active malaria surveillance cohorts to carry an IgotU® GT-600 global positioning system (GPS) data logger during all daily activities. Consenting participants were tested for malaria at data logger distribution using an HRP-2 rapid diagnostic test and completed a survey questionnaire. GPS data were analyzed using a trajectory analysis tool and plotted in geographic information system maps. Participant movement patterns were characterized throughout the study area and across the border into Mozambique using movement intensity maps, activity space plots, and statistical analyses. Results: Over 12 recruitment periods from June 2016 to May 2017, 184 participants provided usable movement tracks encompassing over 350,000 data points and nearly 8,000 person-days. Participants traveled a median of 2.8 km/day and spent a median of 4.6 hours/day away from home. Movement was widespread within and outside the study area throughout the year, with participants traveling up to 500 km from their homes. Indices of mobility were higher in the dry season, including distance traveled and hours/day away from home, and male participants and adults had higher mobility compared to female participants and adolescents, respectively. Half of the participants traveled outside the study area, and 30% traveled into Mozambique, including 15 who stayed in Mozambique overnight. Conclusions: Study participants in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe, were highly mobile throughout the year. Many participants traveled long distances from home, including overnight trips into Mozambique, with clear implications for malaria control. Interventions targeted at mobile populations and cross-border transmission may be effective in preventing malaria introductions in this region.
Defunctioning stoma in anterior resection for rectal cancer does not impact anastomotic leakage: a national population-based cohort study
Authors: Munshi Eihab , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Buchwald Pamela
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Anterior resection (AR) is considered the gold standard for curative cancer treatment in the middle and upper rectum. The goal of the sphincter-preserving procedure is vulnerable to anastomotic leak (AL) complications. Defunctioning stoma (DS) became the protective measure against AL. Often a defunctioning loop-ileostomy is used, which is associated with substantial morbidity. However, not much is known if the routine use of DS reduces the overall incidence of AL.
Methods
Elective patients subjected to AR in 2007–2009 and 2016-18 were recruited from the Swedish colorectal cancer registry (SCRCR). Patient characteristics, including DS status and occurrence of AL, were analyzed. In addition, independent risk factors for AL were investigated by multivariate regression.
Results
The statistical increase of DS from 71.6% in 2007–2009 to 76.7% in 2016–2018 did not impact the incidence of AL (9.2% and 8.2%), respectively. DLI was constructed in more than 35% of high-located tumors ≥ 11cm from the anal verge. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, ASA 3–4, BMI > 30 kg/m2, and neoadjuvant radiation were independent risk factors for AL.
Conclusion
The role of routine DS in decreasing overall AL after AR procedure was not evident. A selective decision algorithm for DS construction is needed to protect from AL and mitigate DS morbidities.
Structural design of patient-specific vascular ring stents
Authors: Andrianov I. V. , Awrejcewicz J. , Diskovsky A. A.
Published: June 2022

The expediency of replacing the corrugated ring of a vascular stent with a constant corrugation pitch by a corrugated ring of variable pitch is being investigated. To describe the change in pitch of corrugation, a function to be determined is introduced. The equilibrium and deformation equations were analyzed using the asymptotic homogenization method. The dependence of the radial stiffness of a corrugated ring with a variable pitch of corrugation on the corrugation parameters is obtained. The effectiveness of the design under consideration is evaluated by the area of the lumen provided by the vascular stent. Compared to stents with regularly corrugated rings, this area is larger which improves the ring stent applicability and efficiency.
Mechanism of stellate ganglion block anesthesia inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in rats by down-regulating Bax gene
Authors: Xu Qiao , Li Lei , Yan Ke , Ye Siqi
Published: June 2022

Objective:To explore the feasibility of stellate ganglion block (SGB) for the treatment of brain injury and the inhibitory effect of neuronal apoptosis. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group (LPS 0.6 mg/kg), and SGB group (LPS 0.6 mg/kg + lidocaine 0.2 mL). The rats were sacrificed after SGB block for 2h to separate the hippocampus. The pathological changes of hippocampal tissue were observed by HE staining, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was observed by TUNEL staining, the positive expression of B-cell lymphoma-2-Associated X (Bax) in hippocampal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Bax mRNA in hippocampal tissue was detected by qRT-PCR method. Results: Compared with the control group, the hippocampal tissue of the model group was severely damaged, and the apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons, the positive rate of Bax protein, the expression of Bax mRNA, and the protein expressions of Baxwere significantly increased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the hippocampal tissue damage of the SGB group was significantly reduced, and the hippocampal neuron apoptosis rate, Bax protein positive rate, Bax mRNA expression and Bax protein expressions were significantly decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: SGB can reduce the apoptosis of neurons in rats and improve brain injury by inhibiting the expression of Bax gene.