bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the economic contribution of Agricultural and Applied Economics departments in the United States
Authors: Adjemian Michael K. , Goyal Raghav , Mittelhammer Ron , Thilmany Dawn
Published: June 2024

Agricultural and applied economists make substantial positive contributions to the domestic economy. Defining a measure of the true total value of their contributions is likely impossible, because so much about their efforts is difficult to comprehensively observe and quantitatively document. In this paper, we adopt a conservative approach to generating an estimate of the contributions ag and applied economists make to U.S. economic output and the associated welfare of society through their teaching, research, and outreach efforts. To conduct the analysis, we implemented a nationwide survey of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AAE) departments and developed a framework to calculate the value of their contributions to national income, or Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We estimate that AAE departments increase overall U.S. GDP by $2.6 billion, annually. Through its efforts to improve the human capital of its graduates, AAE teaching raises the (expected) national income by $2.2–$2.3 billion, while we value direct research and outreach contributions at $207 million and $146 million, respectively. Because we do not observe the opportunity cost of the resources used to generate those contributions, we do not claim to estimate a true net economic impact but rather attempt to quantify the gross economic contributions of the professional services AAE departments currently offer the economy. The values we provide—especially the research and extension estimates which are exceedingly difficult to measure—likely underestimate the true benefits AAE offers to the nation.
Basicity‐Controlled Reactivity of meta‐OTf‐Substituted Diaryliodonium Salts for Direct Arylation or Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition of Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Ke , Li Xiaohui , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei
Published: June 2024

In this study, we explored the reactivity of meta‐trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) substituted diaryliodonium salts under alkaline conditions. Two distinct pathways with direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives and Diels‐Alder cycloaddition via aryne intermediates, have been found upon the relative alkalinity strength of potassium carbonates or hydroxides. This approach offers a straightforward and efficient route to synthesize heterocyclic aromatics under mild reaction conditions with tolerance of various functional groups.
Broadening the Scope of van Leusen Reaction: Investigation of Benzofuro[2,3‐d]imidazole Formation
Authors: Kaziukonytė Paulina , Petraška Vilius , Kairys Visvaldas , Brukštus Algirdas , Žutautė Ieva
Published: June 2024

The van Leusen reaction utilizes p‐toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide as a versatile synthon for constructing nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, such as oxazoles, imidazoles, thiazoles, and pyrroles. In this study, the van Leusen imidazole reaction, employed for synthesizing potential Hsp90 inhibitors, yielded unexpected side products containing novel condensed tricycles, specifically 3a,8b‐dihydro‐1H‐benzofuro[2,3‐d]imidazoles. The mechanism behind the formation of this unprecedented fragment was further analyzed through quantum mechanical calculations and experimental investigations of the reaction outcome under different reaction conditions and with various substituents. Additionally, the stabilities of the products were evaluated.
High‐Pressure Molecular Sieving of High‐Humidity C2H4/C2H6 Mixture by a Hydrophobic Flexible Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Wen , He Hai , Gan You‐Wei , Wang Yu , Huang Ning‐Yu , Liao Pei‐Qin , Zhang Jie‐Peng , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: June 2024

Molecular sieving is an ideal separation mechanism, but controlling pore size, restricting framework flexibility, and avoiding strong adsorption are all very challenging. Here, we report a flexible adsorbent showing molecular sieving at ambient temperature and high pressure, even under high humidity. While typical guest‐induced transformations are observed, a high transition pressure of 16.6 atm is observed for C2H4 at 298 K because of very weak C2H4 adsorption (~16 kJ mol−1). Also, C2H6 is completely excluded below the pore‐opening pressure of 7.7 atm, giving single‐component selectivity of ca. 300. Quantitative high‐pressure column breakthrough experiments using 1 : 1 C2H4/C2H6 mixtures at 10 atm as input confirm molecular sieving with C2H4 adsorption of 0.73 mmol g−1 or 32 cm3(STP) cm−3 and negligible C2H6 adsorption of 0.001(2) mmol g−1, and the adsorbent can be completely regenerated by inert gas purging. Furthermore, it is highly hydrophobic with negligible water adsorption, and the C2H4/C2H6 separation performance is unaffected at high humidity.
Bis‐azopyrazole Photoswitches for Efficient Solar Light Harvesting
Authors: Dong Dongfang , Zhang Zhao‐Yang , Dang Tongtong , Li Tao
Published: June 2024

Although natural sunlight is one of the most abundant and sustainable energy resources, only a fraction of its energy is currently harnessed and utilized in photoactive systems. The development of molecular photoswitches that can be directly activated by sunlight is imperative for unlocking the full potential of solar energy and addressing the growing energy demands. Herein, we designed a series of 2‐amino‐1,3‐bis‐azopyrazoles featuring a coupled πn system, resulting in a pronounced redshift in their spectral absorption, reaching up to 661 nm in the red region. By varying the amino substituents of these molecules, highly efficient E→Z photoisomerization under unfiltered sunlight can be achieved, with yields of up to 88.4 %. Moreover, the Z,Z‐isomers have high thermal stability with half‐lives from days to years at room temperature. The introduction of ortho‐amino substitutions and meta‐bisazo units leads to a reversal of the n–π* and πn–π* transitions on the energy scale. This change provides a new perspective for further tuning the visible absorption of azo‐switches by utilizing the πn–π* band instead of the conventional n–π* band. These results suggest that photoresponsive systems can be powered by sunlight instead of traditional artificial lights, thereby paving the way for sustainable smart materials and devices.
Precisely Regulating Intermolecular Interactions and Molecular Packing of Nonfused‐Ring Electron Acceptors via Halogen Transposition for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Zeng Rui , Hou Yuqi , Yu Na , Qiao Jiawei , Li Hongxiang , Wei Yanan , He Tengfei , Zhu Jinge , Deng Jiawei , Tan Senke , Zhang Cai'e , Cai Yunhao , Long Guankui , Hao Xiaotao , Tang Zheng , Liu Feng , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui
Published: June 2024

The structure of molecular aggregates is crucial for charge transport and photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the intermolecular interactions and aggregated structures of nonfused‐ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are precisely regulated through a halogen transposition strategy, resulting in a noteworthy transformation from a 2D‐layered structure to a 3D‐interconnected packing network. Based on the 3D electron transport pathway, the binary and ternary devices deliver outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.46 % and 18.24 %, respectively, marking the highest value for NFREA‐based OSCs.
Inducing and Switching the Handedness of Polyacetylenes with Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane Pendants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Xin , Huang Chang‐Bo , Hu Lianrui , Wang Xu‐Qing , Wang Wei , Yang Hai‐Bo
Published: June 2024

To explore the chirality induction and switching of topological chirality, poly[2]catenanes composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) main chain and topologically chiral [2]catenane pendants are described for the first time. These poly[2]catenanes with optically active [2]catenanes on side chains were synthesized by polymerization of enantiomerically pure topologically chiral [2]catenanes with ethynyl polymerization site and/or point chiral moiety. The chirality information of [2]catenane pendants was successfully transferred to the main chain of polyene backbones, leading to preferred‐handed helical conformations, while the introduction of point chiral units has negligible effect on the overall helices. More interestingly, attributed to unique dynamic feature of the [2]catenane pendants, these polymers revealed dynamic response behaviors to solvents, temperature, and sodium ions, resulting in the fully reversible switching on/off of the chirality induction. This work provides not only new design strategy for novel chiroptical switches with topologically chiral molecules but also novel platforms for the development of smart chiral materials.
Flexible Aqueous Cr‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Remarkable Electrochemical Properties in all Climates
Authors: Sun Baolong , Wang Ni , Xie Xingchen , Zhong Li , He Lixiang , Xiang Mingliang , Liang Kun , Hu Wencheng
Published: June 2024

The integration of hostless battery‐like metal anodes for hybrid supercapacitors is a realistic design method for energy storage devices with promising future applications. With significant Cr element deposits on Earth, exceptionally high theoretical capacity (1546 mAh g−1), and accessible redox potential (−0.74 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) of Cr metals, the design of Cr anodes has rightly come into our focus. This work presents a breakthrough design of a flexible Cr‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (CHSC) based on a porous graphitized carbon fabric (PGCF) substrate prepared by K2FeO4 activation. In the CHSC device, PGCF acts as both a current collector and cathode material due to its high specific surface area and superior conductivity. The use of a highly concentrated LiCl−CrCl3 electrolyte with high Cr plating/stripping efficiency and excellent antifreeze properties enables the entire PGCF‐based CHSC to achieve well‐balanced performance in terms of energy density (up to 1.47 mWh cm−2), power characteristics (reaching 9.95 mW cm−2) and durability (95.4 % capacity retention after 30,000 cycles), while realizing it to work well under harsh conditions of −40 °C. This work introduces a new concept for low‐temperature energy storage technology and confirms the potential application of Cr anodes in hybrid supercapacitors.
Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Lithium Nucleophiles Enabled by Molecularly Defined Alkynyllithium Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Goebel Jonas F. , Stemmer Johanna , Krüger Nele , Sakhaee Nader , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: June 2024

Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings of aryl chlorides usually call for bulky, electron‐rich ligands such as phosphines or heterocyclic carbenes. We have now found that similarly powerful cross‐coupling catalysts are obtained by the reaction of palladium salts with alkynyllithium reagents. The species initially formed in this process was characterized as a dilithium tetraalkinyl palladate complex. It catalyzes the coupling of aryl chlorides with the lithium salts of various terminal alkynes to give alkynyl arenes. The isolated Li‐alkynyl‐Pd complex also efficiently promotes the reaction of aryl, and allyl chlorides with (hetero)aryl‐, alkyl‐, and allyllithium compounds as well as lithium amides. None of these reactions proceeded in the presence of palladium salts alone. The preparative utility of this approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of 49 molecules, including pharmaceutically relevant compounds.
X‐ray crystallographic of a novel pyrimidine ligand (LPH) and its metal chelates Cr3+, Ni2+, and Ru3+: A comprehensive study on synthesis, characterization, computational investigations, and biological evaluation toward anticancer and antioxidant
Authors: Al‐Assy Waleed H. , Mostafa Mohsen M. , Smith Stacey J. , Harrison Roger , Youssef Magdy M. , Hassan Eman A.
Published: June 2024

2,4,6‐Triamino‐N‐phenylpyrimidine‐5‐carbothioamide (LPH) was synthesized and extensively characterized. Single crystal X‐ray confirms a monoclinic P21/c space group for LPH. The novel ligand and its chelates of Cr3+, Ni2+, and Ru3+ were studied by elemental analyses, spectral (13C‐,1H‐NMR, UV–visible, IR), magnetic, and thermal measurements. IR spectra indicated that LPH behaves in a bidentate mode through the two NH2 groups of the pyrimidine ring and/or a tetradentate coordination involving the nitrogen atoms of the two NH2 of the pyrimidine ring, NH, and the thioketo (C=S) groups, respectively. By utilizing the Gaussian 09 W program in DFT/B3LYP, we are able to conduct computational estimates of LPH and its metal chelates, yielding insightful data regarding their electronic structure and stability. Biological studies were conducted to assess the isolated compounds' activities against anticancer (MCF‐7), antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS), DNA, and antimicrobial proteins. Molecular docking was employed to investigate the chelates' inhibitory properties, specifically their binding propensity with MCF‐7 cells, revealing possible anticancer action. All the data help to understand LPH and its complexes' production, biological characteristics, and possible therapeutic uses.
Preparation and characterization of a novel allyl ether naphthalene phenolic modified bismaleimide resin and its composites
Authors: Su Yinchi , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin
Published: June 2024

Allyl ether naphthol resin (ANPF) was synthesized by introducing 1,5‐dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene into phenolic resin and was copolymerized with 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane resin (BDM) to obtain allyl ether naphthol‐modified bismaleimide resins (15‐ANPF‐BDM and 27‐ANPF‐BDM). The resulting thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) were explored by thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses. The char yield of 15‐ANPF‐BDM at a temperature of 800°C was 46.0%. Additionally, the Tg of 15‐ANPF‐BDM was measured as 311°C, which is an increase of 44°C compared to that of c. The mechanical properties of the ANPF‐BDM/quartz fiber (Qf) composites were also investigated. The results reveal that ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites exhibit similar mechanical strength to APF‐BDM/Qf composites at room temperature. In addition, the mechanical properties of the ANPF‐BDM/ Qf composites demonstrated significant improvement in mechanical properties retained significantly improved at 200°C, with a 68% flexural strength retention and a 96% interlaminar shear retention of 15‐ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites. Thus, ANPF‐BDM/Qf composites exhibit outstanding mechanical properties at 200°C.
Unfurling an improved method for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns
Authors: Ramirez‐Castillo Rosa , Palma‐Rojas Claudio , Seguel Pedro Jara , Grusz Amanda L. , Araya‐Jaime Cristian
Published: June 2024

Premise

Cytotaxonomy employs chromosome visualization to study organismal relationships and evolution. Despite the critical value of cytogenetic data, cytotypes are lacking for many plant groups. Here, we present an improved approach for visualizing mitotic chromosomes in ferns, a key lineage of land plants, using the dividing cells of unfurling croziers (fiddleheads).

Methods and Results

Our modified mitotic chromosome preparation incorporates a brief pectinase–cellulase pretreatment, as well as colchicine fixation and the Feulgen reaction to improve the staining and separation of mitotic chromosomes. To demonstrate this easy and efficient assessment, we determined the sporophytic (2n) chromosome number for three fern species: Cheilanthes mollis (2n = 60), Cheilanthes hypoleuca (2n = 120), and Nephrolepis cordifolia (2n = 82).

Conclusions

The new method presented here improves visualizations of mitotic chromosomes from the dividing nuclei of young fern croziers. Fiddleheads are widely accessible in nature and in living collections worldwide, and this modified approach increases their suitability for fern cytotaxonomic studies.
Structural properties of linear discrete periodic systems based on fully actuated system approaches
Authors: Lv Lingling , Li Zikai , Liu Xinyang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the structural properties of linear discrete‐periodic systems are investigated using fully actuated system approaches and the related criteria are presented, with emphasis on the observability and controllability criteria based on fully actuated system approaches. Both the high‐order fully measured and high‐order fully actuated models of linear discrete periodic time‐varying systems are constructed, and it is shown that a sufficient and necessary condition for the linear discrete periodic system to be observable (controllable) is that it can be equivalently transformed into a step‐forward high‐order fully measured (fully actuated) model and a step‐backward high‐order fully measured (fully actuated) model. Finally, a numerical example is offered to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the approach.
Adaptive neural network control for permanent magnet synchronous motor with input nonlinearity
Authors: Lin Shan , Wu Huiyuan , Liu Shuangyin , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Zhijia
Published: June 2024

This study aims to design a new adaptive control method for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) using neural networks (NNs). In comparison to traditional motor backstepping control designs, this research introduces a command filtering strategy to effectively address the common issue of “complexity explosion” in traditional methods. Additionally, considering the potential input hysteresis nonlinearity in practical applications, we introduce a hysteresis inverse operator to mitigate its adverse effects on control. Furthermore, by employing a finite‐time control strategy, we ensure rapid convergence of tracking errors within a finite time frame. Moreover, an adaptive NN controller is designed to approximate unknown continuous nonlinear functions of the system. Finally, the stability and convergence of the closed‐loop system are analyzed using the direct Lyapunov method.
Sequential‐dip‐coating processed mixed organic and inorganic perovskite film from halide‐free lead precursor for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Irshad Zobia , Adnan Muhammad , Kim Ho‐Joong , Lee Jae Kwan
Published: June 2024

A novel all‐sequential‐dip‐coated (SDC) deposited FA1MA1−yPbI3−xBrx perovskite films have been synthesized from an aqueous non‐halide lead precursor towards an environmentally benign, cost‐effective, and efficient approach for high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PrSCs). The mixed‐cationic FA1MA1−yPbI3−xBrx perovskite layers ensure the fractional incorporation of Br into the perovskite crystal lattice. The insertion of Br contents was regulated by modulating the FABr concentration into the FABr/MAI mixed‐cationic precursor solution. The incorporation of minor FABr into MAI helps to improve the surface coverage and crystallinity of the synthesized per‐ovskite layer in contrast to the other perovskite films prepared with higher FABr content under the same environment. The PrSCs with these FA1MA1−yPbI3−xBrx perovskite layers displayed good de‐vice performances and stability with a PCE of 11.1%. These outcomes reveal that the synthesis of FA1MA1−yPbI3−xBrx perovskite films with the SDC approach is more efficient because of the use of environmentally benign solvents for synthesizing lead and perovskite layers.
Role of social media influencer toward environmental involvement and green buying behavior
Authors: Nazir Mehvish , Wani Tahir Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Sustainability and green purchase behavior are attracting a lot of attention from both researchers as well as marketers. This transition can be attributed to the growing environmental awareness and knowledge among people. Considering this as opportunity marketers are using different platforms to promote environmentally friendly products. One such way is through social media influencers; marketers promote their products through social media influencers with a huge following. However, the current study attempts to examine how individual characteristics of influencers promoting sustainable behavior can impact environmental involvement. A convenience sampling method was used to collect data from various social media users. The authors initially sent invitations via different social media channels. A total sample of 683 social media followers was considered. Covariance‐based structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between different variables. Trustworthiness, credibility, and commitment of the social media influencer had a positive impact on the environmental involvement of the followers. Expertise, similarity and familiarity had an insignificant effect. The environmental involvement positively affects environmental knowledge and green purchase attitude of the followers which in turn impact their green buying behavior. The study has multiple practical and managerial implications; the results reveal which influencer characteristics can induce environmental involvement in their followers and which characteristics are not impactful. Further, the study focuses on how inter‐relationships of influencer characteristics, environmental involvement, environmental knowledge, and attitude can push people toward green purchase behavior.
High‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity promotes simultaneous progression of lung cancer and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐knockout mice
Authors: Wang Yihao , Yan Kaixin , Duan Han , Tao Ning , Zhu Shaoning , Zhang Yuning , You Yonggang , Zhang Zhen , Wang Hua , Hu Shunying
Published: June 2024

Background

Clinical studies have shown that atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer often co‐exist in the same individual. The present study aimed to investigate the role of high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obesity in the coexistence of the two diseases and the underlying mechanism in apolipoprotein E‐knockout (ApoE−/−) mice.

Methods

Male ApoE−/− mice were fed with a HFD or a normal diet (ND) for 15 weeks. On the first day of Week 13, the mice were inoculated subcutaneously in the right axilla with Lewis lung cancer cells. At Weeks 12 and 15, serum lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and blood monocytes and macrophages were measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. At Week 15, the volume and weight of the local subcutaneous lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer and the amount of aortic atherosclerosis were measured.

Results

At Week 15, compared with mice in the ND group, those in the HFD group had a larger volume of local subcutaneous cancer (p = 0.0004), heavier tumors (p = 0.0235), more metastatic cancer in the lungs (p < 0.0001), a larger area of lung involved in metastatic cancer (p = 0.0031), and larger areas of atherosclerosis in the aorta (p < 0.0001). At Week 12, serum LOX‐1, serum vascular endothelial growth factor, and proportions of blood monocytes and macrophages were significantly higher in the HFD group than those in the ND group (p = 0.0002, p = 0.0029, p = 0.0480, and p = 0.0106, respectively); this trend persisted until Week 15 (p = 0.0014, p = 0.0012, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0204).

Conclusions

In this study, HFD‐induced obesity could simultaneously promote progression of lung cancer and atherosclerosis in the same mouse. HFD‐induced upregulation of LOX‐1 may play an important role in the simultaneous progression of these two conditions via the inflammatory response and VEGF.
HIDE: Hierarchical iterative decoding enhancement for multi‐view 3D human parameter regression
Authors: Lin Weitao , Zhang Jiguang , Meng Weiliang , Liu Xianglong , Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: June 2024

Parametric human modeling are limited to either single‐view frameworks or simple multi‐view frameworks, failing to fully leverage the advantages of easily trainable single‐view networks and the occlusion‐resistant capabilities of multi‐view images. The prevalent presence of object occlusion and self‐occlusion in real‐world scenarios leads to issues of robustness and accuracy in predicting human body parameters. Additionally, many methods overlook the spatial connectivity of human joints in the global estimation of model pose parameters, resulting in cumulative errors in continuous joint parameters.To address these challenges, we propose a flexible and efficient iterative decoding strategy. By extending from single‐view images to multi‐view video inputs, we achieve local‐to‐global optimization. We utilize attention mechanisms to capture the rotational dependencies between any node in the human body and all its ancestor nodes, thereby enhancing pose decoding capability. We employ a parameter‐level iterative fusion of multi‐view image data to achieve flexible integration of global pose information, rapidly obtaining appropriate projection features from different viewpoints, ultimately resulting in precise parameter estimation. Through experiments, we validate the effectiveness of the HIDE method on the Human3.6M and 3DPW datasets, demonstrating significantly improved visualization results compared to previous methods.
Exploring behavior management strategies in pediatric group therapy
Authors: D'Arcy Maud , Rich Beverly , Arzamarski Caley
Published: June 2024

The iFriend outpatient group therapy program at Bradley Hospital promotes social competence in a school‐age population. The 10‐week‐program helps children ages 8–11 develop and practice social skills in a small group setting. The skills developed include understanding body language, finding shared interests, conversation initiation and closing, perspective taking, equitable communication, and problem solving. iFriend also aims to teach parents/guardians strategies to help their children integrate the targeted skills into daily life.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

The need for CPS and Medicaid to refer caregivers to treatment

The link between childhood maltreatment and subsequent mental disorders and suicides

A call to stop referring to a “good death” of a child
Study: Cannabis use disorder is a developmental disease
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

A study released May 8 focused on the serious danger of psychosis related to frequent high‐dose cannabis use. Written by veteran cannabis researcher Jasmin Hurd, M.D. and colleagues, the study, “The developmental trajectory to cannabis use disorder” (to be published in the May issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry), senior author Hurd, working with lead author Jess Hinckley, M.D, an adolescent psychiatrist at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City, looked at the many harms of cannabis use to young people who are still developing.
Direct Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered, Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by Phosphino(silyl)‐Nickel Complexes
Authors: Saunders Tyler M. , Roberston Katherine N. , Turculet Laura
Published: June 2024

Readily accessible (PSi)Ni(II)‐benzyl complexes supported by bidentate phosphino(silyl) ligation were found to be effective pre‐catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of a variety of highly sterically hindered, unfunctionalized alkenes under relatively mild conditions (2.5‐5 mol% Ni, 10 atm H2, 50 °C) and without the need for additional additives or activator species. A range of substrates, including di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐substituted alkenes were evaluated in this regard and afforded good to moderate yields. Substrates featuring α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl functionality were also readily hydrogenated with no evidence for reduction of carbonyl or ester C−O functionalities. Deuteration experiments highlight the occurrence of chain walking which occurs in the background of the reported catalytic chemistry.
Boosting Acidic Water Oxidation on Hematite Photoanodes with Synergistic Effects of Ce‐Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Tian‐Tian , Li Chao‐Qun , Cui Jun‐Yuan , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: June 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is pivotal for addressing the clean and renewable energy demands. However, developing low‐cost, efficient, and robust non‐precious metal catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduced Ce to modulate the electronic structure of Co3O4, enhancing the stability of Co3O4 without compromising its activity. Ce‐doped Co3O4 nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto Ti‐doped hematite surfaces (Ce : Co3O4/Fe2O3), significantly enhancing the PEC performance for water splitting under acidic conditions. These catalysts achieved high photocurrent densities and exhibited prolonged stability. Functioning as p‐type semiconductors, the Ce : Co3O4 nanoparticles not only boosted light absorption but also formed a p‐n heterojunction with the Ti‐doped hematite. This heterojunction generated a built‐in electric field that facilitated the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, thereby improving charge separation efficiency. Additionally, these nanoparticles expanded the active surface area of hematite and served as a co‐catalyst, markedly accelerating the OER kinetics. The Ce : Co3O4/Fe2O3 photoanode achieved an impressive photocurrent density of 1.08 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE in acidic media, demonstrating its enhanced activity and stability.
The Structure of Carbon Dioxide at the Air‐Water Interface and its Chemical Implications
Authors: Martins‐Costa Marilia T. C. , Ruiz‐López Manuel F.
Published: June 2024

The efficient reduction of CO2 into valuable products is a challenging task in an international context marked by the climate change crisis and the need to move away from fossil fuels. Recently, the use of water microdroplets has emerged as an interesting reaction media where many redox processes which do not occur in conventional solutions take place spontaneously. Indeed, several experimental studies in microdroplets have already been devoted to study the reduction of CO2 with promising results. The increased reactivity in microdroplets is thought to be linked to unique electrostatic solvation effects at the air‐water interface. In the present work, we report a theoretical investigation on this issue for CO2 using first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations. We show that CO2 is stabilized at the interface, where it can accumulate, and that compared to bulk water solution, its electron capture ability is larger. Our results suggest that reduction of CO2 might be easier in interface‐rich systems such as water microdroplets, which is in line with early experimental data and indicate directions for future laboratory studies. The effect of other relevant factors which could play a role in CO2 reduction potential is discussed.
Precisely Designed Ultra‐Small CoP Nanoparticles‐Decorated Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as Highly Efficient Host in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Feng Ping , Wu Qingping , Rodriguez Ayllon Yael , Lu Yan
Published: June 2024

Designing porous carbon materials with metal phosphides as host materials holds promise for enhancing the cyclability and durability of lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries by mitigating sulfur poisoning and exhibiting high electrocatalytic activity. Nevertheless, it is urgent to precisely control the size of metal phosphides to further optimize the polysulfide conversion reaction kinetics of Li−S batteries. Herein, a subtlety regulation strategy was proposed to obtain ultra‐small CoP nanoparticles‐decorated hollow carbon nanospheres (CoP@C) by using spherical polyelectrolyte brush (SPB) as the template with stabilizing assistance from polydopamine coating, which also works as carbon source. Leveraging the electrostatic interaction between SPB and Co2+, ultra‐small Co particles with sizes measuring 5.5±2.6 nm were endowed after calcination. Subsequently, through a gas‐solid phosphating process, these Co particles were converted into CoP nanoparticles with significantly finer sizes (7.1±3.1 nm) compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches. By uniformly distributing the electrocatalyst nanoparticles on hollow carbon nanospheres, CoP@C facilitated the acceleration of Li‐ion diffusion and enhanced the conversion reaction kinetics of polysulfides through adsorption‐diffusion synergy. As a result, Li−S batteries utilizing the CoP@C/S cathode demonstrated an initial specific discharge capacity of 850.0 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, with a low‐capacity decay rate of 0.03 % per cycle.
PREDICT HF: Risk stratification in advanced heart failure using novel hemodynamic parameters
Authors: Cyrille‐Superville Nicole , Rao Sriram D. , Feliberti Jason P. , Patel Priyesh A. , Swayampakala Kamala , Sinha Shashank S. , Jeng Eric I. , Goswami Rohan M. , Snipelisky David F. , Carroll Aubrie M. , Najjar Samer S. , Belkin Mark , Grinstein Jonathan ,   the FLIGHT Working Group
Published: June 2024

Background

Invasive hemodynamics are fundamental in assessing patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Several novel hemodynamic parameters have been studied; however, the relative prognostic potential remains ill‐defined.

Hypothesis

Advanced hemodynamic parameters provide additional prognostication beyond the standard hemodynamic assessment.

Methods

Patients from the PRognostic Evaluation During Invasive CaTheterization for Heart Failure (PREDICT‐HF) registry who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) were included in the analysis. The primary endpoint was survival to orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) or durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or death within 6 months of RHC.

Results

Of 846 patients included, 176 (21%) met the primary endpoint. In a multivariate model that included traditional hemodynamic variables, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (OR: 1.10, 1.04−1.15, p < .001), and cardiac index (CI) (OR: 0.86, 0.81−0.92, p < .001) were shown to be predictive of adverse outcomes. In a separate multivariate model that incorporated advanced hemodynamic parameters, cardiac power output (CPO) (OR: 0.76, 0.71−0.83, p < .001), aortic pulsatility index (API) (OR: 0.94, 0.91−0.96, p < .001), and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (OR: 1.02, 1.00−1.03, p .027) were all significantly associated with the primary outcome. Positively concordant API and CPO afforded the best freedom from the endpoint (94.7%), whilst negatively concordant API and CPO had the worst freedom from the endpoint (61.5%, p < .001). Those with discordant API and CPO had similar freedom from the endpoint.

Conclusion

The advanced hemodynamic parameters API and CPO are independently associated with death or the need for OHT or LVAD within 6 months. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these parameters and elucidate their role in patients with advanced HF.
Mapping the Pharmacogenetic Landscape in a Ugandan Population: Implications for Personalized Medicine in an Underrepresented Population
Authors: Samarasinghe Sumudu Rangika , Lee Seung‐been , Corpas Manuel , Fatumo Segun , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Nagaraj Shivashankar H.
Published: June 2024

Africans are extremely underrepresented in global genomic research. African populations face high burdens of communicable and non‐communicable diseases and experience widespread polypharmacy. As population‐specific genetic studies are crucial to understanding unique genetic profiles and optimizing treatments to reduce medication‐related complications in this diverse population, the present study aims to characterize the pharmacogenomics profile of a rural Ugandan population. We analyzed low‐pass whole genome sequencing data from 1998 Ugandans to investigate 18 clinically actionable pharmacogenes in this population. We utilized PyPGx to identify star alleles (haplotype patterns) and compared allele frequencies across populations using the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase PharmGKB. Clinical interpretations of the identified alleles were conducted following established dosing guidelines. Over 99% of participants displayed actionable phenotypes across the 18 pharmacogenes, averaging 3.5 actionable genotypes per individual. Several variant alleles known to affect drug metabolism (i.e., CYP3A5*1, CYP2B6*9, CYP3A5*6, CYP2D6*17, CYP2D6*29, and TMPT*3C)—which are generally more prevalent in African individuals—were notably enriched in the Ugandan cohort, beyond reported frequencies in other African peoples. More than half of the cohort exhibited a predicted impaired drug response associated with CFTR, IFNL3, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19, and approximately 31% predicted altered CYP2D6 metabolism. Potentially impaired CYP2C9, SLCO1B1, TPMT, and DPYD metabolic phenotypes were also enriched in Ugandans compared with other African populations. Ugandans exhibit distinct allele profiles that could impact drug efficacy and safety. Our findings have important implications for pharmacogenomics in Uganda, particularly with respect to the treatment of prevalent communicable and non‐communicable diseases, and they emphasize the potential of pharmacogenomics‐guided therapies to optimize healthcare outcomes and precision medicine in Uganda.
How does organizational culture affect eco‐innovation? Empirical evidence from the individual and organizational perspective
Authors: Shuliang Zhao , Rui Zhang , Qingjun Li
Published: June 2024

Eco‐innovation is important for sustainable development and organizational culture is an endogenous factor that can affect eco‐innovation. Different types of organizational culture can have differentiated effects on enterprise eco‐innovation. This study aims to reveal the relationship between organizational culture and eco‐innovation and analyze the mechanism of the influence of organizational culture on eco‐innovation at the individual and organizational levels. Manufacturing firms in China are selected as the research sample, and structural equation modeling is used for the empirical analysis. Results show that adhocracy culture and clan culture have a positive impact on the eco‐innovation of the firms, and green creativity and green absorptive capacity play a partial mediating role in the relationship. Moreover, hierarchy culture and market culture have no significant impact on the eco‐innovation of the enterprises, but green creativity plays a complete intermediary role in the relationship between hierarchy culture and eco‐innovation. Based on the conclusions, the management implications are discussed, and future research directions are outlined.
A note on the bandwidth of negative group delay filters
Authors: Nako Julia , Psychalinos Costas , Elwakil Ahmed S. , Maundy Brent J.
Published: June 2024

An updated definition of group delay bandwidth in analog filters is introduced in this work. Unlike existing definitions, this new definition considers simultaneously the value of the group delay and filter gain, leading to minimized distortion in the filter output. In addition, it offers the capability of handling wide‐band signals without introducing errors in the shape of their envelopes. Selected first‐ and second‐order filters are studied and simulation results are provided to validate the efficiency of the new definition.
Banknote identification based on characteristic differences
Authors: Nagayoshi Hiroto , Hiramatsu Yoshitaka , Fujimura Noriaki , Kagehiro Tatsuhiko
Published: June 2024

A method for banknote identification has been developed. As a prerequisite for this process, an ATM stores records captured from accepted banknotes, including customer's information for identification. The proposed method is implemented when a counterfeit banknote is detected. The ATM identifies a record corresponding to the counterfeit banknote among the stored records, assisting in the identification of the customer who used it. This identification is carried out by exploiting characteristic differences between counterfeit and genuine banknotes. These differences are defined in terms of positions and magnitudes of variations. An experiment using simulated banknotes was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, another experiment involving digitally synthesized banknotes was conducted to determine the performance limits of the proposed method.
Introduction of Difluoromethyl Through Radical Pathways
Authors: Li Xin , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2024

During the past decade, radical difluoromethylation has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool for the incorporation of difluoromethyl into various organic compounds. These reactions feature mild reaction conditions, very good functional group compatibilities, and quite broad substrate scopes, thus having drawn much attention and got rapid developments. A diverse range of difluoromethyl radical precursors have been developed for a series of radical difluoromethylation reactions. This review summarizes and discusses the advance in the radical difluoromethylation reactions, which are organized according to the protocols of generating difluoromethyl radical.
The meaning of touch: Relational and individual variables shape emotions and intentions associated with imagined social touch
Authors: Krahé Charlotte , Fotopoulou Aikaterini , Hammond Claudia , Banissy Michael J. , Koukoutsakis Athanasios , Jenkinson Paul M.
Published: June 2024

Touch is a key channel for conveying meaning in social interactions. The affective quality of touch and its effects on well‐being are shaped by relational context (relationship between touch giver vs. recipient) and person variables (e.g. adult attachment style). Yet, such effects have not been explored in relation to the meaning ascribed to touch. We used data from the Touch Test, the world's largest touch survey, which included questions on the degree to which people felt and related specific emotions and intentions to imagined gentle stroking touch and hugs. In N = 23,428, we examined how relational context (imagined source of touch) and person variables (gender, recalled positive childhood touch and adult attachment style) were associated with positive (e.g. love, desire, support) and negative (e.g. fear, anger, warning) emotions and intentions related to imagined touch. Love, desire and support were endorsed more when participants had had their partner (vs. someone else) in mind, and women (vs. men) gave lower ratings for desire overall. Gentle stroking touch was most linked with arousal when participants had had their partner in mind. Further, more positive childhood touch and secure and anxious attachment scores were associated with more positive emotions and intentions, while the opposite was found for avoidant attachment scores. Lastly, positive childhood touch and higher anxious attachment scores were related to greater discrimination between distinct emotion and intention categories, while higher attachment avoidance was associated with reduced discriminability. Thus, contextual and person variables matter in shaping the meaning of social touch.
Temperate Versus Arctic: Unraveling the Effects of Temperature on Oil Toxicity in Gammarids
Authors: Heuvel-Greve Martine J. , Jonker Michiel T. O. , Klaassen Michiel A. , Puts Isolde C. , Verbeeke Gabrielle , Hoekema Lisa , Foekema Edwin M. , Murk Albertinka J.
Published: June 2024

Shipping activities are increasing with sea ice receding in the Arctic, leading to higher risks of accidents and oil spills. Because Arctic toxicity data are limited, oil spill risk assessments for the Arctic are challenging to conduct. In the present study, we tested if acute oil toxicity metrics obtained at temperate conditions reflect those at Arctic conditions. The effects of temperature (4 °C, 12 °C, and 20 °C) on the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the critical body residue (CBR) of the temperate invertebrate Gammarus locusta exposed to water accommodated fractions of a fuel oil were determined. Both toxicity metrics decreased with increasing temperature. In addition, data for the temperate G. locusta were compared to data obtained for Arctic Gammarus species at 4 °C. The LC50 for the Arctic Gammarus sp. was a factor of 3 higher than that for the temperate G. locusta at 4 °C, but its CBR was similar, although both the exposure time and concentration were extended to reach lethality. Probably, this was a result of the larger size and higher weight and total lipid content of Arctic gammarids compared to the temperate gammarids. Taken together, the present data support the use of temperate acute oil toxicity data as a basis for assessing risks in the Arctic region, provided that the effects of temperature on oil fate and functional traits (e.g., body size and lipid content) of test species are considered. As such, using the CBR as a toxicity metric is beneficial because it is independent of functional traits, despite its temperature dependency. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report CBRs for oil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1627–1637. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Wheat root exudates suppress faba bean Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Yang Siyin , Zheng Yiran , Cen Zixuan , Guo Yuting , Yang Zhixian , Dong Yan
Published: June 2024

Continuous cultivation of faba beans often results in a high occurrence of Fusarium wilt. Nevertheless, this issue can be successfully managed through wheat‐faba bean intercropping. Our objective is to elucidate the function of non‐host wheat in combating faba bean Fusarium wilt. We assessed the impact of wheat on the development of faba bean Fusarium wilt through field and pot experiments, and examined and identified the compounds in the root exudates of wheat. The influence of wheat root exudates on Fusarium commun mycelial growth and spore multiplication was investigated through indoor culture experiments. Wheat‐faba bean intercropping significantly reduced the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in field trials. Root separation experiments in pots indicated that wheat root exudates might play a vital role in this outcome. The exogenous addition of wheat root exudates to faba bean grown alone notably decreased the occurrence and severity of Fusarium wilt. Furthermore, the exogenous addition of wheat root exudates effectively hindered the growth and reproduction of Fusarium commun's mycelium. And, wheat root exudates contained six compounds with relatively high concentrations, including salicylic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, glutamic acid, and threonine, all of which inhibited the growth and spore formation of Fusarium commun. In a wheat‐faba bean intercropping system, these six compounds found in the root exudate of non‐host wheat can help control Fusarium wilt in faba bean by inhibiting the mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium commun.
Evaluation of raw milk samples and vendor‐derived Staphylococcus aureus and Coxiella burnetii prevalence in dairy delicatessens in eastern Turkey
Authors: Kaplan Muhammed Furkan , Kaplan Ece , Raza Ali , Demirler Mehtap , Baran Alper , Cengiz Seyda , Adiguzel Mehmet Cemal
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the detection and genetic relationship of Coxiella burnetii in retail milk samples and plastic bags from 25 local dairy delicatessens. Bacteriological culture, PCR, and Sanger sequencing were performed. Eleven percent of the samples were positive for S. aureus, none of which were methicillin‐resistant or enterotoxigenic. The rep‐PCR analysis revealed a high similarity between strains isolated from milk and bag samples from the same source. Moreover, 14% of the milk samples were positive for C. burnetii, which matched 100% of the reference strains in the GenBank.