bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A forkhead gene, FoxE3, is essential for lens epithelial proliferation and closure of the lens vesicle
Authors: Blixt Åsa , Mahlapuu Margit , Aitola Marjo , Pelto-Huikko Markku , Enerbäck Sven , Carlsson Peter
Published: November 2021

In the mouse mutant dysgenetic lens (dyl) the lens vesicle fails to separate from the ectoderm, causing a fusion between the lens and the cornea. Lack of a proliferating anterior lens epithelium leads to absence of secondary lens fibers and a dysplastic, cataractic lens. We report the cloning of a gene, FoxE3, encoding a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor, which is expressed in the developing lens from the start of lens placode induction and becomes restricted to the anterior proliferating cells when lens fiber differentiation begins. We show thatFoxE3 is colocalized with dyl in the mouse genome, thatdyl mice have mutations in the part of FoxE3 encoding the DNA-binding domain, and that these mutations cosegregate with thedyl phenotype. During embryonic development, the primordial lens epithelium is formed in an apparently normal way in dylmutants. However, instead of the proliferation characteristic of a normal lens epithelium, the posterior of these cells fail to divide and show signs of premature differentiation, whereas the most anterior cells are eliminated by apoptosis. This implies that FoxE3 is essential for closure of the lens vesicle and is a factor that promotes survival and proliferation, while preventing differentiation, in the lens epithelium.
Gene dose-dependent control of hematopoiesis and hematologic tumor suppression by CBP
Authors: Kung Andrew L. , Rebel Vivienne I. , Bronson Roderick T. , Ch'ng Lian-Ee , Sieff Colin A. , Livingston David M. , Yao Tso-Pang
Published: November 2021

Mice with monoallelic inactivation of the CBP gene develop highly penetrant, multilineage defects in hematopoietic differentiation and, with advancing age, an increased incidence of hematologic malignancies. The latter are characterized, at least in some cases, by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the CBP locus. No such pathology was observed in wild-type or p300 heterozygous null mice of the same age and genetic background. Thus, a full complement of CBP, but not p300, is required for normal hematopoietic differentiation. These results also provide the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis that CBP has tumor-suppressing activity.
RecA protein-dependent R-loop formation in vitro
Authors: Kasahara Megumi , Clikeman Jennifer A. , Bates David B. , Kogoma Tokio
Published: November 2021

The RecA protein of Escherichia coli, which has crucial roles in homologous recombination, DNA damage repair, induction of the SOS response, and SOS mutagenesis, was found to catalyze assimilation of complementary RNA into a homologous region of a DNA duplex (R-loop). The reaction strictly requires a region of mismatch in the duplex, which may serve as a nucleation site for RecA protein polymerization. The optimum conditions for the assimilation reaction resemble those for the previously studied RecA protein-catalyzed homologous pairing and strand exchange reaction between two DNA molecules. Our finding lends strong support to the proposal that RecA protein-catalyzed assimilation of a transcript into duplex DNA results in formation of an R-loop at certain regions of the chromosome and that, when stabilized, the R-loop can serve as an origin of chromosome replication.
Translation by ribosome shunting on adenovirus and hsp70 mRNAs facilitated by complementarity to 18S rRNA
Authors: Yueh Andrew , Schneider Robert J.
Published: November 2021

Translation initiation on eukaryotic mRNAs involves 40S ribosome association with mRNA caps (m7GpppN), mediated by initiation factor eIF4F. 40S eukaryotic ribosomes and initiation factors undergo 5′ scanning to the initiation codon, with no known role for complementarity between eukaryotic 18S rRNA and the 5′ noncoding region of mRNAs. We demonstrate that the 5′ noncoding region of human adenovirus late mRNAs, known as the tripartite leader, utilizes a striking complementarity to 18S rRNA to facilitate a novel form of translation initiation referred to as ribosome shunting, in which 40S ribosomes bind the cap and bypass large segments of the mRNA to reach the initiation codon. Related elements are also shown to promote ribosome shunting in adenovirus IVa2 intermediate phase mRNA during virus infection and in human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA for selective translation during heat shock. The importance of mRNA complementarity to 18S rRNA suggests that ribosome shunting may involve either specific RNA structural features or a prokaryotic-like interaction between mRNA and rRNA.
Essential function of Wnt-4 in mammary gland development downstream of progesterone signaling
Authors: Brisken Cathrin , Heineman Anna , Chavarria Tony , Elenbaas Brian , Tan Jian , Dey Sudhansu K. , McMahon Jill A. , McMahon Andrew P. , Weinberg Robert A.
Published: November 2021

Female reproductive hormones control mammary gland morphogenesis. In the absence of the progesterone receptor (PR) from the mammary epithelium, ductal side-branching fails to occur. We can overcome this defect by ectopic expression of the protooncogene Wnt-1. Transplantation of mammary epithelia fromWnt-4−/− mice shows that Wnt-4 has an essential role in side-branching early in pregnancy. PR andWnt-4 mRNAs colocalize to the luminal compartment of the ductal epithelium. Progesterone induces Wnt-4 in mammary epithelial cells and is required for increased Wnt-4 expression during pregnancy. Thus, Wnt signaling is essential in mediating progesterone function during mammary gland morphogenesis.
mus304 encodes a novel DNA damage checkpoint protein required during Drosophila development
Authors: Brodsky Michael H. , Sekelsky Jeff J. , Tsang Garson , Hawley R. Scott , Rubin Gerald M.
Published: November 2021

Checkpoints block cell cycle progression in eukaryotic cells exposed to DNA damaging agents. We show that several Drosophilahomologs of checkpoint genes, mei-41, grapes, and14-3-3ε, regulate a DNA damage checkpoint in the developing eye. We have used this assay to show that the mutagen-sensitive gene mus304 is also required for this checkpoint. mus304 encodes a novel coiled-coil domain protein, which is targeted to the cytoplasm. Similar to mei-41,mus304 is required for chromosome break repair and for genomic stability. mus304 animals also exhibit three developmental defects, abnormal bristle morphology, decreased meiotic recombination, and arrested embryonic development. We suggest that these phenotypes reflect distinct developmental consequences of a single underlying checkpoint defect. Similar mechanisms may account for the puzzling array of symptoms observed in humans with mutations in the ATM tumor suppressor gene.
Whi3 binds the mRNA of the G1 cyclin CLN3 to modulate cell fate in budding yeast
Authors: Garí Eloi , Volpe Tom , Wang Hongyin , Gallego Carme , Futcher Bruce , Aldea Martí
Published: November 2021

Eukaryotic cells commit in G1 to a new mitotic cycle or to diverse differentiation processes. Here we show that Whi3 is a negative regulator of Cln3, a G1 cyclin that promotes transcription of many genes to trigger the G1/S transition in budding yeast. Whi3 contains an RNA-recognition motif that specifically binds the CLN3 mRNA, with no obvious effects on Cln3 levels, and localizes the CLN3 mRNA into discrete cytoplasmic foci. This is the first indication that G1 events may be regulated by locally restricting the synthesis of a cyclin. Moreover, Whi3 is also required for restraining Cln3 function in meiosis, filamentation, and mating, thus playing a key role in cell fate determination in budding yeast.
Insights into molecular recognition from the crystal structures of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene complexed with different solvents
Authors: Malinska Maura
Published: November 2021

Calixarenes are host molecules that can form complexes with one or more guest molecules, and molecular recognition in calixarenes can be affected by many factors. With a view to establishing molecular recognition rules, the host p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (TBC6) was crystallized with different guest molecules (cyclohexane, anisole, heptane, toluene, benzene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and pyridine) and the obtained structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction. With most solvents, 1:1 and/or 1:3 host–guest complexes were formed, although other stoichiometries were also observed with small guest molecules, and crystallization from ethyl acetate produced the unsolvated form. The calculated fill percentage of the TBC6 cavity was ∼55% for apolar guests and significantly lower for polar solvents, indicating that polar molecules can bind to apolar cavities with significantly lower packing coefficients. The most stable crystals were formed by 1:1 host–guest inclusion complexes. The ratio between the apolar surface area and the volume was used to predict the formation of inclusion versus exclusion complexes, with inclusion complexes observed at ratios <40. These findings allow the binding of potential guest molecules to be predicted and a suitable crystal packing for the designed properties to be obtained.
Sharīʿah governance and agency dynamics of Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Abul , Sohail M. Sadiq , Munshi Md Mahfuzur Rahaman
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate and point out the variations of agency theory in the context of Sharīʿah governance in Islamic banking operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Design/methodology/approach

The study followed the approach of quantitative Corporate Governance Index (CGI) by computing the Gov-index (Gompers et al., 2003) and the Gov-score (Brown and Caylor, 2004; Saffieddine, 2009) to examine corporate governance (CG) issues using primary as well as secondary data. The primary data was generated from three full-fledged Islamic banks (IBs) and nine traditional banks with Islamic banking wings, all operating in the KSA. The approach was to provide an insight into the agency structure in the context of Islamic banking, which may lead to a trade-off between the conformity of Sharīʿah (Islamic law) rules and processes followed in safeguarding the rights of investors.

Findings

The majority of the Islamic banking services that are surveyed in this study acknowledge the significance of Sharīʿah governance and have implemented the fundamental methods, in conformity with this system. Certain flaws in Sharīʿah governance principles pertaining to audit, control and transparency are reported.

Practical implications

The research outcomes will be invaluable to IBs aiming to improve existing SG practices. It also has implications for IB managers to design strategies while complying with regulations and to protect the interests of all investors without breaching the ethics of Sharīʿah.

Originality/value

This paper adds original value to the body of knowledge on agency relationship by analysing the dynamics of agency theory in the unique and complex context of Sharīʿah governance of IBs or those offering Islamic products in the KSA. The results can be used as a valuable feedback for improvement of Sharīʿah governance in the banking system in the KSA and the Gulf region at large.
Outcomes of prolonged intensive care and rehabilitation at a specialized multidisciplinary center in Sweden
Authors: Löfroth Mathias , Petersson Jenny E. , Uusijärvi Johan , Hårdemark Cedborg Anna I. , Sundman Eva
Published: November 2021

Background

Specialized clinics may improve the outcome for patients with prolonged intensive care stays. Admission may depend on diagnosis, need of respiratory support and more. We report the results from a Swedish specialized center with a multidisciplinary team approach to continued intensive care and simultaneous rehabilitation regardless of patients’ primary diagnosis or ventilator need.

Methods

All patients admitted and discharged from 2015 to 2018 were included. Demographics, diagnoses, ventilatory support requirement, discharge destination and survival were retrieved from the center´s quality registry.

Results

A total of 181 patients, mean age 61 ± 16 years, 64% men, were analyzed. A neurological diagnosis was the cause for hospitalization in 46% of patients. Of the 55 patients admitted to the center for weaning from mechanical ventilation, 89% were successfully weaned within a median of 25 (interquartile range (IQR) 16–45) days. Decannulation was intended in 117 patients of which 90% were successful within a median of 25 (IQR 13–43) days. Readmission to intensive care was 4%. Most patients were discharged to their home or to rehabilitation clinics with a lower level of care. In‐clinic mortality was 3%. Survival beyond 1 and 2 years after discharge was 79% and 70%, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with prolonged intensive care and complex medical needs treated at a specialized center in Sweden had weaning and decannulation rates comparable to or better than previously reported. Mortality was low, and most patients were discharged home or for further rehabilitation. This was achieved with a multidisciplinary team approach to continued intensive care and simultaneous rehabilitation.
Advancing research in arthrogryposis: time for common and specific terminology
Authors: Elfassy Caroline
Published: November 2021

This commentary is on the original article by Wahlig et al. on pages 476–480 of this issue.
Making Design Matter for Smaller Automotive Suppliers
Authors: Santos Ricardo Cameira , Camacho José Ferro , Marcelino José Rui
Published: November 2021

SMEs are still able to rise to the top tier of the supply chain, provided they develop specific capabilities that allow them to strategically position themselves to overtake the barriers built by mega suppliers.

Design plays an increasingly important role in the automotive industry. Among small suppliers, it can enable them to rise to the top tier of the supply chain.
Substantia nigra iron affects functional connectivity networks modifying working memory performance in younger adults
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Guan Xiaojun , Wen Jiaqi , Wang Tao , Zhang Minming , Xu Xiaojun
Published: November 2021

Brain iron affects working memory (WM) but the impact of iron content in deep grey matter nuclei on WM networks is unknown. We aimed to test whether deep grey matter nuclei iron concentration can affect resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) within brain networks modifying WM performance. An N‐back WM paradigm was applied in a hundred healthy younger adults. The participants then underwent a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for brain network analysis and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) imaging for assessment of deep grey matter nuclei iron concentration. Higher substantia nigra (SN) iron concentration was associated with lower rsFC between SN and brain regions of the temporal/frontal lobe but with better WM performance after controlling for age, gender and education. A follow‐up mediation analysis also indicated that functional connectivity may mediate the link between SN iron and WM performance. Our results suggest that high SN iron concentration may affect communication between the SN and temporal/frontal lobe and is associated with strengthened WM performance in younger adults.
Depositional process of the Byk‐E tephra bed in the Chiba section, central Japan: A marker bed defining the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Chibanian Stage
Authors: Satoguchi Yasufumi , Takeshita Yoshihiro , Nakazato Hiroomi , Suganuma Yusuke
Published: November 2021

The global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the Chibanian Stage and Middle Pleistocene Subseries is present at the base of the Byk‐E tephra bed in the Chiba section, located in the central Boso Peninsula, Japan. The Byk‐E tephra bed, which erupted from the older Ontake Volcano, is a conspicuous marker bed in the Chiba section; therefore, it provides a clear local and regional marker for the GSSP. However, the sedimentological characteristics of the Byk‐E tephra bed have not been well documented. Here, we provide a detailed description and an isopach map of the Byk‐E tephra bed based on the lithofacies, grain‐size compositions, and grain orientations in the Chiba section and other localities in the Boso Peninsula. The lithofacies and grain size compositions of the tephra bed show that the lower part of the bed show no evidence of flow‐induced deposition. These results suggest that the Byk‐E tephra bed is most likely deposited as fallout deposits under a weak bottom current that could not direct the heavy mineral grains. Therefore, the Byk‐E tephra bed is not to erode the underlying bed during the deposition, indicating that there is no stratigraphic discontinuity. The isopach map drawn from the observed thickness of the fallout unit, show that the distribution of the Byk‐E tephra extends more than 260 km but a limited azimuthal range.
Germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium thin films: Clusters formation by laser ablation and comparison with clusters from mixtures of elements
Authors: Huang Fei , Halenkovič Tomáš , Baillieul Marion , Nazabal Virginie , Němec Petr , Havel Josef
Published: November 2021

Quaternary germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium (Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te) thin films deposited from Ge19.4Sb16.7Se63.9−xTex (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) glass‐ceramics targets by radio frequency magnetron sputtering were studied using laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry. Binary, ternary, and quaternary GeaSbbSecTed clusters were formed and their stoichiometry was determined. By comparison of the clusters obtained from quaternary Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films and those from ternary Ge‐Sb‐Te materials, we found that Ge‐Te species are not detected from the quaternary system. Furthermore, Ge‐Se and Se‐Te species are missing in mass spectra generated from Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films. From the Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films, 16 clusters were detected while ternary Ge‐Sb‐Se glasses yielded 26 species. This might be considered as a signal of higher stability of Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films which is increasing with a higher content of Te. The missing (Se2+, GeaSb+ (a = 1–4), and GeSec+ (c = 1, 2)) and new (Ge+ and SbbTe+ (b = 1–3)) clusters may indicate that some of the structural features of the films (Ge2Se6/2 and Se2Sb‐SbSe2) were replaced by (GeSe4−xTex and SbSe3−xTex) ones. In addition, when comparing the stoichiometry of clusters formed from Ge‐Sb‐Se‐Te thin films with those from the mixtures of the elements, only Sb3+ and SbSe+ were observed in both cases. The knowledge gained concerning clusters stoichiometry contributes to the elucidation of the processes proceeding during plasma formation used for the chalcogenide thin films deposition.
Meta‐analysis examining the effects of electronic storybooks on language and literacy outcomes for children in grades Pre‐K to grade 2
Authors: Savva Marilena , Higgins Steve , Beckmann Nadin
Published: November 2021

Background

The array of availability of diverse digital reading applications, the mixed results emerging from small‐scale experimental studies, as well as the long‐standing tradition and range of known positive developmental outcomes gained from adult‐child storybook reading warrant an investigation into electronic storybooks (e‐books) by performing a meta‐analysis, which includes recent studies.

Objectives

The overall purpose of this meta‐analysis is to examine the impact of e‐book reading on language and literacy development of young children when compared with traditional reading of print books with or without adult scaffolding in a structured and controlled environment.

Methods

This meta‐analysis includes experimental studies published between 2008 and 2021 with a target population of 3–8 year‐olds (n = 2.317).

Results and conclusions

Analyses indicated a small positive effect for e‐books when compared with print books on language and literacy development [g = 0.25; 95% CI = (0.09, 0.42)]. A moderate positive effect was found for vocabulary learning, [g = 0.40; 95% CI = (0.10, 0.69)], especially in relation to expressive vocabulary [g = 0.54; 95% CI = (0.08, 1.00)]. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between multimedia e‐books and the development of code‐related skills. However, no significant differences were found between e‐book and print book reading in relation to story comprehension.

Implications

Findings showed that digital features combined with adult scaffolding produced significant positive effects when compared with traditional print book reading with adult support. The findings have practical ramifications, since they can help researchers and educators identify which digital features have the greatest influence on improving children's language and literacy skills when engaging with e‐books.
Patient‐reported outcomes from the JADE COMPARE randomized phase 3 study of abrocitinib in adults with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Thyssen J.P. , Yosipovitch G. , Paul C. , Kwatra S.G. , Chu C.‐Y. , DiBonaventura M. , Feeney C. , Zhang F. , Myers D. , Rojo R. , Valdez H.
Published: November 2021

Background

In JADE COMPARE, abrocitinib improved severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) and demonstrated rapid itch relief.

Objectives

We examined clinically meaningful improvements in selected patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods

JADE COMPARE was a multicentre, phase 3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomized 2:2:2:1 to receive 16 weeks of oral abrocitinib 200 or 100 mg once daily, dupilumab 300 mg subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks, or placebo, with background topical therapy. PROs included Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Night Time Itch Scale (NTIS), Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis, Patient Global Assessment, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results

At week 16, the proportion of patients achieving POEM scores <3 was 21.3% and 11.7% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 12.4% for dupilumab, and 4.8% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04). Proportion achieving ≥4‐point improvement from baseline in NTIS severity was 64.3% and 52.4% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 54.0% for dupilumab, and 34.4% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.007). Proportion achieving ≥4‐point improvement from baseline in DLQI was 85.0% and 74.4% for 200 and 100 mg abrocitinib, 83.4% for dupilumab, and 59.7% for placebo (vs. abrocitinib, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Significant improvements in PROs were demonstrated with both abrocitinib doses vs. placebo, and abrocitinib 200 mg provided numerically greater effects compared with dupilumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Understanding Movement and Meaning in Janana Communities
Authors: Nagar Ila
Published: November 2021

Jananais a word used to describe male presenting individuals who desire or have sex with men but who may also hold a heteronormatively masculine position within their communities. This article presents an interdisciplinary look at the janana body and explores movement as a way jananas form meaning alongside linguistic markers within their communities. I show that the rewards and risks associated with movement in the janana community indicate a relationship between movement and language in the social lives of jananas, which is tied to the politics of their presence in the communities they inhabit. While scholars have studied aspects of movement within various communities, work on the simultaneous rewards and risks associated with movement within communities like that of jananas is underrepresented. This article shows that jananas use gestures and body movement to carry meanings that challenge restrictions imposed on their bodies by culture while also surviving and living under such restrictions.
Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: Clinicopathological discrepancies on diagnosis in three patients
Authors: Toyoshima Yasuko , Takahashi Hitoshi , Katada Shinnichi , Kojima Naoyuki , Tada Mari , Tani Takashi , Koike Ryoko , Nozawa Takanori , Aida Izumi , Nakajima Takashi , Onodera Osamu , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: November 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The cardinal neuropathological features of PD include selective and progressive loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra, deficiencies in dopaminergic signaling in the striatum, and occurrence of phosphorylated α‐synuclein‐identified Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Parkinsonism, the clinical presentation of movement disorders seen in PD, is a feature shared commonly by other pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Consequently, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish PD from such parkinsonism‐related neurological disorders. In addition, parkinsonism is not always a feature of certain neurodegenerative diseases, and it can sometimes develop as a result of various forms of drug intoxication or cerebrovascular disease. Here, we describe the clinicopathological features of three patients (cases 1, 2, and 3) diagnosed as having PSP, MSA, and PD, respectively, in each of whom the postmortem histopathological diagnosis differed from the final clinical diagnosis. Neuropathologically, they had suffered from coexistent disorders: PD, MSA, and argyrophilic grain disease (case 1); PD (case 2); and vascular parkinsonism (case 3). The variety of patients showing features of parkinsonism underlines the importance of careful long‐term follow up followed by postmortem neuropathological evaluation.
Effectiveness of prednisolone in complex regional pain syndrome treatment: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Kwak Sang Gyu , Choo Yoo Jin , Chang Min Cheol
Published: November 2021

Background

Many patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) experience refractory pain with severe restrictions in the activities of daily living. Oral prednisolone is commonly used to treat these patients.

Purpose

To review previous studies assessing the effects of prednisolone in CRPS patients.

Methods and Materials

Articles published from January 1, 1980 to July 23, 2021 in the PubMed database were searched using the following key phrases: (prednisolone OR corticosteroid OR steroid) AND (complex regional pain syndrome OR reflex sympathetic dystrophy OR shoulder‐hand syndrome OR causalgia). Specifically, we included those articles in which oral prednisolone or corticosteroids were used to control the CRPS symptoms.

Results

In total, 11 articles were included, comprising 3 randomized trials, 5 single‐arm prospective observational studies, and 3 retrospective studies. Nearly all previous studies reported that oral prednisolone can effectively control the CRPS symptoms. Moreover, though 30–100 mg/day of oral prednisolone was initially administered in these studies, 30 mg/day was also found to be effective in controlling the symptoms. Although prednisolone was usually administered for 1–3 months, short‐term treatment for 1–2 weeks was also reportedly effective. Furthermore, only 0%–30% of the patients in these studies had minor side effects after prednisolone treatment.

Conclusions

Our review showed that prednisolone may be effective in alleviating the CRPS symptoms. To determine higher levels of evidence, a full systematic review with more highly qualified studies, such as randomized controlled trials, should be conducted in the future.
Genetic characterization of the brown lint phenotype for desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) accession PI 408765 (cv. ‘Sanguineum‐1’)
Authors: Erpelding John E.
Published: November 2021

Cotton fibre can show a range in brown colouration, and these coloured lint fibres can be used for textile production reducing the environmental and human health hazards associated with synthetic dyes; however, coloured cotton cultivars have lower yield potential and reduced lint quality. A greater understanding of the genetics of lint colouration would be useful for the development of improved cultivars. Gossypium arboreum L. accession PI 408765 (cv. ‘Sanguineum‐1’) having the brown lint phenotype was identified from the United States Department Agriculture, National Plant Germplasm System cotton collection and crossed with G. arboreum accessions PI 529729 (cv. ‘Garo Hill’) having white lint and with PI 615733 (cv. ‘Zi‐Hua Guang Zi’) having brown lint. Lint colour data from the F2 populations support a single incomplete dominant gene model for the brown lint phenotype. Additionally, the brown lint phenotypes for PI 408765 and PI 615733 are controlled by two independent genes. Plants in these populations showed a range of brown lint colouration, and these data would be useful to further characterize the mechanisms controlling brown lint development.
A Dynamic Analysis of Supply Chain Risk Management and Extended Payment Terms
Authors: Esenduran Gökçe , Gray John V. , Tan Burcu
Published: November 2021

In this study, we employ system dynamics to study the combined effect of extended payment terms and a buyer's supply risk management practices on two outcomes: the supplier's bankruptcy risk and the buyer's financial bottom line. In conjunction with payment terms, we model the impact of two commonly recommended supply chain risk management (SCRM) practices: quick response to supply disruptions and use of a secondary (backup) source. Among other results, we uncover a feedback mechanism that contributes to the negative effect of extended payment terms on a supplier's finances and show that longer payment terms can worsen buyer outcomes, especially when the supplier faces a higher risk of disruptions. We also show that, when considered alongside extended payment terms, common SCRM practices may not always be beneficial for buyer firms. Our research suggests decisions related to SCRM and extended payment terms should not be made independently.
Middle Ordovician bottom current deposits in the western margin of the North China craton: Evidence from sedimentary and magnetic fabrics
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fan Ruoying , Zong Ruiwen , Gong Yiming
Published: November 2021

In many modern deep‐water slope environments, deposits formed by bottom currents (contourites) are rather common. However, reports on ancient contourites in deep‐water environments are scarce and most of them remain contentious. Based on the study of high‐resolution sedimentological, sedimentary geological and magnetic fabric characteristics, this study presents the key evidence of bottom current activity in the Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation from the western margin of the North China craton, and reconstructs the deep‐sea circulation pattern and the direction of deep‐water bottom currents in the middle and low latitudes during the Middle Ordovician. Six typical carbonate microfacies are identified in the Kelimoli Formation, which can be grouped into three sedimentary facies types related to the main interpreted depositional processes (bottom current, undifferentiated bottom current and hemipelagic settling, and hemipelagic settling). The evidence of bottom current deposits are five‐fold. Firstly, it is possible to observe a variety of traction current structures, which mainly represent bed‐load‐dominated transport of sediments. Secondly, there are multi‐scale inverse grading and bi‐grading, as well as inversely‐graded and normally‐graded sedimentary sequences, which reflect the periodic change of bottom current activity. Thirdly, gradual or sharp contact boundaries and small internal erosional surfaces indicate omission surfaces caused by the oscillating variation of bottom current velocity. Fourthly, the continuous rhythmic change of sedimentary fabrics on the microscopic scale reflects sustained, waxing and waning current intensities. Fifthly, the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility reveals the microscopic fabric characteristics of imbricated magnetic grains, which represent the continuous action of directional current, and the restored palaeocurrent direction indicates that the current is mainly parallel to the slope strike. After the palaeo‐north correction of the North China craton clockwise rotation of 120° to 150° since the Ordovician, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility shows that the direction of bottom current in the study area is towards the north‐east/east. Therefore, it is speculated that there was a clockwise deep‐water circulation in the middle and low latitudes of the southern hemisphere during the Ordovician. This study not only provides sedimentological evidence for the Ordovician bottom current activity, but also contributes to a better understanding of the Ordovician palaeoceanographical environment, especially the Middle Ordovician deep‐sea circulation pattern.
Beyond resilience: Resistance in the lives of LGBTQ youth
Authors: Robinson Brandon Andrew , Schmitz Rachel M.
Published: November 2021

Resilience has come to define a wide breadth of impactful research on marginalized groups, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth. This resilience framework shifted the deficit “at‐risk” model of research on marginalized populations to a more nuanced strengths‐based perspective. In this critical review article, we examine this research trend to understand how the shift to resilience has shaped patterns of LGBTQ youth research. In doing so, this piece calls for a more sophisticated engagement with operationalizing resilience–which is vaguely defined and often upholds dominant relations in society, such as capitalistic, heteronormative values of success and happiness. We show how a shift to understanding resistance, joy, and pleasure in LGBTQ youth's lives promotes a more dynamic and complicated look at how marginalized groups navigate their social worlds and exert power in shaping these worlds. Acknowledging and uplifting LGBTQ youth's resistance and power are necessary in pushing scholarly dialogue and the possible interventions informed by research towards a more fully transformative framework in changing and dismantling oppressive societal structures.
Effect of bedside filtration on aggregates from cold‐stored whole blood–derived platelet‐rich plasma and apheresis platelet concentrates
Authors: Li Valery J. , Bailey S. Lawrence , Miles Jeffrey , Usaneerungrueng Chomkan , Fang Lydia Y. , Corson Jill , Osborne Barbara , Özpolat Tahsin , López José A. , Wu Yanyun , Stolla Moritz
Published: November 2021

Background

The current approach to manufacture cold‐stored platelets (CSP) replicates that of room temperature–stored platelets (RSP). However, this production method is associated with aggregate formation in CSP, a major pitfall that leads to significant wastage. We hypothesized that isolating platelets from whole blood as platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and storing them at a lower concentration reduces aggregates and that conventional bedside transfusion filtration removes CSP aggregates.

Methods

We collected platelets from healthy humans by apheresis (AP) and by phlebotomy, from which we generated platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). We split each AP and PRP platelets into two equal aliquots, storing one at 22°C (RT‐PRP and RT‐AP) and the other at 4°C (4C‐PRP and 4C‐AP). We evaluated platelets on day 0 and day 7 of storage. After storage, we measured platelet counts, aggregates, and other key characteristics before and after filtration by a bedside filter.

Results

After storage, the 4C‐AP platelet counts decreased significantly. 4C‐PRP preserved glucose better and prevented a significant increase in lactate contrary to 4C‐AP. Filtration led to significantly lower platelet counts in both 4C‐PRP and 4C‐AP but not in their RT counterparts. Post filtration, we observed 50% fewer aggregates only in 4C‐AP, whereas 4C‐PRP showed an unexpected but significant increase in aggregates. Testing confirmed activation during storage but filtration did not further activate platelets.

Conclusion

We provide evidence that 4C‐PRP is an alternative to 4C‐AP and that bedside filters reduce aggregates from 4C‐AP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the hemostatic potential of 4C‐PRP and the management of aggregates.
The Future of Visual Anthropology in the Wake of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Mullings Sireita , Sobers Shawn , Thomas Deborah A.
Published: November 2021

As a discipline, anthropology has long been subject to the scrutiny of critical race theorists and to questions of ethical practice with regard to ethnicity and representation. This dialogue features critical Black visual anthropologists discussing their approach to the discipline, and crucially asks, “What are the key lessons from 2020 in the wake of the global Black Lives Matter protests?” Each participant responds to photographs and film clips, offering provocations that challenge how we think about the discipline today. The dialogue is edited from a discussion that took place for the Royal Anthropology Institute Film Festival in 2021.
Insights into Membrane Distillation Application for Textile Wastewater Treatment – A Review
Authors: Muhamad N. A. S. , Hanoin M. A. H. M. , Mokhtar N. M. , Naim R.
Published: November 2021

Textile wastewater must be effectively treated with the best available technology prior to release to receiving water bodies to prevent its impact on the environment. Apparently, membrane distillation shows great potential in treating textile wastewater a part of the complexity of the textile wastewater composition. This membrane process enables the water vapour to pass through its porous hydrophobic membrane and retains the concentrated pollutants to be transported. This paper provides data and information from previous studies using membrane distillation to treat textile wastewater. An overview of the development of membrane distillation as well as the fundamental theory is presented. Recent progress in the application of membrane distillation in textile wastewater is then discussed. The final part of the paper looked at the future orientation of this technology to be acceptable in the industrial sector, especially for the textile industry.
Hybrid Encryption for Messages’ Confidentiality in SOSE-Based IOT Service Systems
Authors: Ahmed Musa Midila
Published: November 2021

Internet of Things (IOT) is an essential paradigm where devices are interconnected into network. The operations of these devices can be through service-oriented software engineering (SOSE) principles for efficient service provision. SOSE is an important software development method for flexible, agile, loose-coupled, heterogeneous and interoperable applications. Despite all these benefits, its adoption for IOT services is slow due to security challenges. The security challenge of integration of IOT with service-oriented architecture (SOA) is man-in-the-middle attack on the messages exchanged. The transport layer security (TLS) creates a secured socket channel between the client and server. This is efficient in securing messages exchanged at the transport layer only. SOSE-based IOT systems needs an end-to-end security to handle its vulnerabilities. This integration enables interoperability of heterogeneous devices, but renders the system vulnerable to passive attacks. The confidentiality problem is hereby addressed by message level hybrid encryption. This is by encrypting the messages by AES for efficiency. However, to enable end-to-end security, the key sharing problem of advanced encryption standard (AES) is handled by RSA public key encryption. The results shows that this solution addressed data contents security and credentials security privacy issues. Furthermore, the solution enables end-to- end security of interaction in SOSE-based IOT systems.
Genetic Algorithm Ensemble Filter Methods on Kidney Disease Classification
Authors: Huspi Sharin Hazlin , Ke Ting Chong
Published: November 2021

Kidney failure will give effect to the human body, and it can lead to a series of seriously illness and even causing death. Machine learning plays important role in disease classification with high accuracy and shorter processing time as compared to clinical lab test. There are 24 attributes in the Chronic K idney Disease (CKD) clinical dataset, which is considered as too much of attributes. To improve the performance of the classification, filter feature selection methods used to reduce the dimensions of the feature and then the ensemble algorithm is used to identify the union features that selected from each filter feature selection. The filter feature selection that implemented in this research are Information Gain (IG), Chi-Squares, ReliefF and Fisher Score. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to select the best subset from the ensemble result of the filter feature selection. In this research, Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes classification techniques were used to diagnose the CKD. The features subset that selected are different and specialised for each classifier. By implementing the proposed method irrelevant features through filter feature selection able to reduce the burden and computational cost for the genetic algorithm. Then, the genetic algorithm able to perform better and select the best subset that able to improve the performance of the classifier with less attributes. The proposed genetic algorithm union filter feature selections improve the performance of the classification algorithm. The accuracy of RF, XGBoost, KNN and SVM can achieve to 100% and NB can achieve to 99.17%. The proposed method successfully improves the performance of the classifier by using less features as compared to other previous work.
Visual Analytics Design for Students Assessment Representation based on Supervised Learning Algorithms
Authors: Abdul Samad Adlina , Md Arshad Marina , Md Siraj Maheyzah , Shamsudin Nur Aishah
Published: November 2021

Visual Analytics is very effective in many applications especially in education field and improved the decision making on enhancing the student assessment. Student assessment has become very important and is identified as a systematic process that measures and collects data such as marks and scores in a manner that enables the educator to analyze the achievement of the intended learning outcomes. The objective of this study is to investigate the suitable visual analytics design to represent the student assessment data with the suitable interaction techniques of the visual analytics approach. sheet. There are six types of analytical models, such as the Generalized Linear Model, Deep Learning, Decision Tree Model, Random Forest Model, Gradient Boosted Model, and Support Vector Machine were used to conduct this research. Our experimental results show that the Decision Tree Models were the fastest way to optimize the result. The Gradient Boosted Model was the best performance to optimize the result.
Continuous Drive Friction Welding of AISI 8630 Low-Alloy Steel: Experimental Investigations on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Banerjee Amborish , Ntovas Michail , Silva Laurie Da , O’ Neill Ryan , Rahimi Salaheddin
Published: November 2021

Continuous drive friction welding (CDW) is a state-of-the-art solid-state welding technology for joining metallic components used in aerospace, oil and gas, and power generation industries. This study summarizes the results of mechanical and microstructural investigations on a modified AISI-8630 steel subjected to CDW. The effects of welding process parameters, including rotational speed, friction, and forge forces, during CDW were explored to determine an optimum welding condition. The mechanical properties of the weld, and microstructural characteristics across different regions of the weld were measured and examined. The microstructure characterization results suggest that the weld zone (WZ) experiences temperatures above the Ac3 and the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) experiences temperatures between Ac1 and Ac3 of the material. Investigations with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) demonstrated the occurrence of strain-induced dynamic recrystallization in the weld. The weld demonstrated higher yield and ultimate tensile strengths at the expense of ductility and hardening capacity compared to the base metal (BM). The strain-hardening profiles of the welds exhibited a dual-slope characteristic, an indication of different levels of plastic deformation experienced by the constituent phases (i.e., martensite, bainite and ferrite) present in the microstructure. The maximum strength-to-ductility combination and static toughness values were obtained for the weld produced under the highest rotational speed, maximum friction force and an intermediate forge force of 1200–1400 rpm, 375–425 kN, and 600–650 kN, respectively.
On the Divergence Mechanisms Analysis of a Vibrating Blade Subjected to Repetitive Rubs With an Abradable Coating
Authors: Goldspiegel F. , Portemont G. , Berthe J.
Published: November 2021

Aeronautical compressor fans, currently, operate with minimal blade–casing clearance. Therefore, this makes the occurrence of rub events very likely. Under specific circumstances, the blade undergoes excessive amplification of contact-induced oscillations, called hereafter divergence, which can be critical for the structural integrity of the engine. This article proposes an investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the blade divergence. Experiments are conducted on a fully instrumented laboratory setup, consisting of a single flat blade being moved toward a rotating cylinder to initiate interactions, while monitoring the vibrations and the evolution of wear on the abradable coating. Two synchronization mechanisms have been identified as facilitating the divergence: (i) the inherent setup synchronization between the vibration modes related to the horizontal and vertical motion of the blade; (ii) the preferential blade–coating interactions in the vicinity of periodically distributed irregularities of the abradable coating, which act as a source of excitation of the vibrations.
Ptyctimous mites (Acari: Acariformes: Oribatida) as zooindicators of changes in Dorrigo National Park in Australia (North Coast Bioregion)
Authors: Niedbała Wojciech , Napierała Agnieszka , Konwerski Szymon , Zacharyasiewicz Michał , Błoszyk Jerzy
Published: November 2021

The authors of the study present an analysis of the structure and changes in the examined community of ptyctimous mites (Acari: Acariformes: Oribatida) found in Dorrigo National Park in Australia. The research was conducted during two periods: between 1990 and 1993 and later in 2007. The analysed mite community comprises 35 species, though, the dominance and frequency of particular species were different for each period. In the first research period (1990–1993) in the area of Dorrigo National Park, 28 species were recorded, whereas in 2007 – 23 species were found. There were 16 species that occurred in both research periods, and 12 species only in the samples collected in the 90’s, and 7 species only in those collected in 2007. The analysis also embraces the geographical distribution of the species in the area of Australia. Three species were designated as endemic, occurring only in the area of the examined national park (Austrophthiracarus dissonus Niedbała et Collof, 1997, Austrophthiracarus parapulchellus Niedbała, 2006 and Notophthiracarus distinctus Niedbała, 1989). The analysed samples contained only few specimens of these species. Due to the low abundance, great rarity of the local populations and high endemism, these species should be regarded as potentially endangered (EN according to the IUCN scale). A comparative analysis of the community from Dorrigo National Park (New South Wales) with those found in other larger areas of Australia in Victoria (Otway Ranges Area, Yarra Ranges Area, Strzelecki Ranges Area and Errinundra Plateau Area) examined by Niedbała and Szywilewska-Szczykutowicz (2017) has revealed that the communities found in Dorrigo National Park contained far more species, which constituted 30% of the whole fauna of Australia. In contrast to the communities of ptyctimous mites from Dorrigo, the individual communities in the area of Victoria contained only between 5% and 14% of all known species in Australia from this group.