bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of reverse osmosis filtration system for the supply of clean water from saltwater wells in tanjung lame village
Authors: Prayoga Anton , Zakwan Muhammad , Bismo Setijo
Published: February 2021

Groundwater sources from community wells in Tanjung Lame village, Pandeglang regency, are not suitable for consumption, due to high salinity. In addition, reverse osmosis (RO) filtration system is a typical and efficient alternative technology adopted during the processing of clean water from saltwater sources. However, large amount of pressure is usually involved for a conventional single-stage RO. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to design a multi-stage RO filtration system capable of operating at low pressures. Therefore, the adopted model with a configuration of hybrid RO/NF permeate staging has proven to produce potable water from saltwater wells in Tanjung Lame village at low pressures. Moreover, the system was operated at the first and second stage RO/NF pressure of 6 and 3 bar, respectively. Under these circumstances, salt rejection and permeate TDS were estimated at 97.02% and 86 ppm, respectively in order to obtain optimum outcome. Furthermore, the product water recovery rate was evaluated at 37%, and a permeate flow rate of 1.85 liters/minute. The systems’ specific energy consumption (SEC) was estimated to be 1.802 kWh/m3, while a reduced value of 58.39% was observed for conventional single-stage RO.
Antioxidant Extraction from Indonesian Crude palm Oil and It’s Antioxidation Activity
Authors: Supriyono  , Sediawan WB
Published: February 2021

Crude palm oil (CPO) is a vegetable oil that came from a palm tree bunch. Palm oil tree was known as highest vegetable oil yield. It was grown across Equatorial County, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. The greenish red color on CPO was came from carotenoid antioxidant, which could be extracted and use widely as functional food and other purposes as antioxidant source such on the biodiesel posttreatment to prevent biodiesel oxidation. Another antioxidant that also found in CPO is tocopherol. The aim of the research work is to find antioxidant activity on CPO comparing to the synthetic antioxidant that available in a market. On this research work, antioxidant was extracted by using a mixture of acetone and n. hexane, while activity of the antioxidant extract was determined by DPPH method. Antioxidant activity of the extracted compound has better performance compare to pure tocopherol. While the solvent mixture does not influence on the antioxidant activity.
Optimization Extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. using Microwave-assisted Extraction
Authors: Syafaatullah Achmad Qodim , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: February 2021

Dyes are many used in textiles, food, drink, and cosmetics. In the textile industry, the demand for dye is increasing, especially in natural dye. One of the natural dye that is often used in those products is Indigofera tinctoria L. due to its various potential. However, the time extraction needed is very long in the conventional extraction process. Because of that, some researchers have proved that microwave-assisted extraction takes a short time and high yield extraction obtained because microwave radiation is transmitted to the plant matrix that increasing solubility of solvent, and decreasing surface tension. Correlated with that, Indigofera tinctoria L. dye extraction using microwave-assisted extraction has been analyzed by modeling with response surface methodology with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with parameters of ratio feed to solvent (0.02-0.1 g/ml), temperature (50-60°C) and extraction time (50-90 minutes). The obtained model could represent the extraction process and showed there an interaction among parameters on the yield, but ratio F/S had the most significant effect. Besides, the difference of optimization model obtained at optimum condition process extraction at ratio feed to solvent 0.02, temperature 60°C, and 50 minutes. The actual yield is 4.976% is closed to the predicted yield which the value is 4.85%. The compounds and similarity of the sample were analyzed using FT-IR and the similarity compound of indigo is 39.11%.
Saturation Time Characteristics of RO Membrane Skid to Clean Water Supply with Pressure Stage in Rejection
Authors: Zakwan Muhammad , Prayoga Anton , Bismo Setijo
Published: February 2021

Reverse osmosis (RO) is one major water treatment process used to filter out the water pollution due to the Tsunami disaster in Pandeglang. This technology is applied where highly purified water is essential, including sea/groundwater desalination, boiler feed water filtering, product rinsing, laboratory testing, and biotechnology. However, RO requires advanced research to ascertain the method and optimum pressure of the multi-pass system needed to produce clean water through a membrane with a long saturation time. Therefore, this study employs RO multi-pass by varying pressure 6-3, 6-4, and 7-4 on the first and second stage to observe the effects of decreasing flux and TDS enhancement for 72 hours in Tanjung Lame village. The results showed more performance in producing potable water at pressure P1 = 6 bar/P2 = 3 bar compared to P1 = 6/P2 = 3, and P1 = 7/P2 = 4. Moreover, the total dissolved solids (TDS) known to satisfy clean water provision was estimated at 20 ppm, after the permeate in the first stage is used as feedstock in the second. Furthermore, applying P1 = 6 bar and P2 = 3 bar for the first and second stage produced the membrane saturation time in hours ranging between 72-80 and 72-131, respectively.
Palm carotene production technologies – A membrane perspective
Authors: Nabu E B P , Sulaswatty A , Kartohardjono S
Published: February 2021

Palm fruit mesocarp and palm oil matrix contain valuable minor substances such as carotene, tocopherol and tocotrienol. Carotene convey important nutritional function which are pro vitamin A activity and antioxidant. Therefore, numerous studies have been developed to establish method of preparing carotene preserved red palm olein. Furthermore, the review of carotene concentrate production through palm oil transesterification into fatty acid methyl ester and its successive concentration methods will be presented. Post treatment stage includes particularly saponification process and could involve membrane technology. A perspective on the potential application of membrane based methods in carotene concentrate production stages will be briefly discussed.
Vapor-liquid equilibria for binary and ternary systems composed of acetone, 1-butanol, and ethanol at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Adi A F N W , Wulanndari T G , Wiguno A , Kuswandi K
Published: February 2021

The experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for three binary systems of acetone + 1-butanol, ethanol + 1-butanol, acetone + ethanol and a ternary system of ethanol + acetone + 1-butanol at atmospheric pressure were measured using an ebulliometer. The binary experimental data were correlated using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models to obtain the binary interaction parameters of the models. These parameters were used to predict the ternary equilibrium data. The average absolute deviations of temperature (AAD T) between the experimental and correlation data of the three models are the same, 0.63, for the acetone + 1-butanol system, 0.72, 0.65, and 0.70, for the ethanol + 1-butanol system, and 0.15, 0.30, and 0.19, for the acetone + ethanol system, respectively. The AAD T values for the ternary system of ethanol + acetone + 1-butanol by comparing the experimental data with the data calculated using the three models were 0.28, 0.56, and 0.67, respectively.
Liquid/liquid equilibrium data measurement of iso-butanol + diethyl carbonate + water ternary system at 303.15 - 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure
Authors: Tetrisyanda R , Wiguno A , Kuswandi  , Wibawa G
Published: February 2021

Oxygenate compounds are organic compounds that can be mixed into fuel to increase the oxygen content. The effect of these additions to the fuel is increased combustion efficiency and reduced environmental pollution. Diethyl carbonate (DEC) is an ideal additive to replace toxic fuel additives such as methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). DEC has high oxygen content, low vapour pressure, high octane mixture value, reduces emissions of hydrocarbons, CO, NOx, and other particles. DEC can be used as a single additive in gasoline or a co-additive in combination with alcohol such as iso-butanol. The aim of this study were to obtain liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of DEC (1) + iso-butanol (2) + H2O (3) ternary system at temperature of 303.15 - 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The LLE data were obtained by experiment using equilibrium cell equipped with heating jacket. This equipment has a pressure deviation of ± 100.72 kPa. Each liquid sample was taken separately to analyse its composition as an equilibrium composition using gas chromatography with a standard deviation of 0.1% mol. Based on LLE data result, it shows that iso-butanol + H2O and DEC + H2O binary mixtures are partially miscible while iso-butanol + DEC mixture is total miscible. The experimental data were then correlated with thermodynamic models Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) equations with RMSD values of 0.72% and 0.62%.
Removal of phenols and COD from petroleum refinery wastewater using electrocoagulation method
Authors: Abbas Hussam , Al-Obaidy Saba S. M. , Al-Samarray Shatha Y. , Edwan Khaled , Al-Hayawi Anas Y. , Yeboah David
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the possibility of removing phenols and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from petroleum wastewater (refinery wastewater) using an electrocoagulation (EC) reactor supplied with aluminium electrodes. The influence of current density (CD) (4 to 12 mA/cm2), distance between electrodes (DBE) (20 to 40 mm), and treatment time (T) (up to 120 min) was investigated by carrying out several sets of batch flow experiments. The concentrations of COD and phenols were measured using the Hach-Lang spectrophotometer and standard cuvette tests (LCK 514, LCK 314, or APC 400 for COD, and LCK 346 or LCK 345 for phenols (according to the residual concentration). The results of the present study confirmed the ability of the electrocoagulation method to reduce the concentrations of both phenols and COD in petroleum wastewater within a relatively short treatment time. It has been found that the best removal efficiency of COD and phenols were 80% and 58%, respectively. The best removal efficiency was attended, after 100 min of electrolysing, at CD of 8 mA/cm2 and DBE of 20 mm.
Assessment of the effects of municipal landfills on the metal pollution in the surrounding soils: A case study in Iraq
Authors: Al-Rifaie Jawad K. A. , Heil Suad M. , Khamees Saheb K. , Alajmi Saad , Yeboah David , Abdellatif Mawada , AlKayyat Ahmed
Published: February 2021

The present investigation has been devoted to assessing the environmental impacts of a local landfill, in the north of Hilla city, Iraq, on the surrounding soils in terms of heavy metal pollution. The concentrations of heavy metals, namely chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were measured during, November 2019, at three investigation sites that located at distances of 10 (site 1), 20 (site 2) and 30 m (site 3) from the edge of the mentioned landfill. Soil samples were collected from these sites at a constant depth of 20 cm. The collected samples were air-dried, manually crushed, and sieved through a 2 mm mesh before subjecting them to a chemical digesting process. The concentrations of the targeted metals were measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and compared to the standards of the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA). The obtained results showed that the highest concentrations of the targeted metals were in site 1, while the lowest concentrations were detected at site 3. Generally, it was found that the concentrations of the studied metals followed the order: Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu. Additionally, it was noticed that all the measured concentrations were within the limitations of the SEPA.
Analysis of Air Quality Index Distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in Ambient Air of Al-Hillah City, Iraq
Authors: Grmasha Ruqayah Ali , Al-Azzawi Shahla N. A. , Al-sareji Osamah J. , Alardhi Talal , Abdellatif Mawada , Mubarak Hayfaa A. , Alkhayyat Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Air pollution is the most hazardous form of pollution because simply the amount of air is very limited on this planet and human beings cannot survive for more than a few minutes without air. In this work, air pollution with suspended solids will be investigated, where the concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 in Al-Hillah City have been measured by establishing three monitoring stations in a major street. The street has two main hospitals, a stadium, and many organizations. Temp monitor (model: Airing-1000) was utilized for this purpose. During the study period (five months), the range of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were from 7.8 to 32.5 μg/m3 and 4.5 to 11.1 μg/m3, respectively. The average PM10 concentration from station H2 exceeds the annual standard of WHO while the PM2.5 averages were within the annual standard of WHO except reading from site H2 during May 2019 was higher than the WHO limit. Many factors assist to raise the PMs concentrations in urban areas such as vehicle emission, measurement season type as well as dust events. In this study, we have noticed all factors are playing a significant role in increasing PMs concentrations.
Denitrification of water using a low-cost adsorbent
Authors: Jawad Wisam A. , Baqir Sadiq J. , Alquzweeni Saif S. , Alajmi Abdalrahman , Alkizwini Rasha S. , Kot Patryk , AlKhayyat Ahmed H.
Published: February 2021

The recent studies about water quality indicated a clear increase in the concentrations of many pollutants in the sources of freshwaters, such as nitrate, phosphate, and inorganic pollutants. This increase is attributed to the expansion of the global population, industries, and climate changes. These studies represented a call for the need for efficient treatment for water and wastewater. The current study investigates the possibility of using activated red mud (ARM) as an adsorbent to eliminate nitrates from water/wastewater. The operational parameters such as treatment times, pH, and doses of ARM were tested to assess their effects on the Nitrate removability by ARM. The optimum treatment times, pH, and dose for best removal within this study were 60 min, 7, and 75 g/L for treatment times, pH, and doses, respectively. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and kinetic models including the pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order, and interparticle diffusion using non-linear regressions were utilized to analyze the observed data which were gained from batch equilibrium tests. The obtained results revealed that the equilibrium data have good and reasonable fitness and agreement with the Langmuir isotherm models. The highest adsorption capacity of ARM was 1.79423925mg/g. The maximum percentage of removal was found to be about 71% at ambient temperature.
Development of Equations Relates the Factors Affecting Riverbank Stability Using Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Aldefae Asad H. , Alkhafaji Rusul A.
Published: February 2021

Many previous studies had been investigated the riverbank stability since of its great significance in prohibition flood risk that may command many economic and environmental problems. Investigating the riverbank stability due to development of cracks that represents the main causes of failure is very important, to prepossess recurring landslides by characterizing the riskiest areas and remediating them using a suitable method. In this paper, Dimensional analysis (DA)was carried out to formulate reasonable hypotheses about the complex physical conditions related to riverbank stability investigation. Two empirical equations were derived; the first one for the rate of settlement in riverbank soil, and the other for the failure angle of the slope. Depending on the experimental results that were applied in the software of IBM SPSS Statistics, v24, both equations gave good compatibility where the correlations coefficients were 0.9877 and 0.9826 respectively.
Fires Accidents and its Implication on Mechanical and Structural Properties of Different Construction Materials
Authors: Aldefae Asad H. , Edan Abbas S. , Essa Abbas F.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, numerous and comprehensive physical and mechanical tests were carried out on various building construction materials (i.e. different kinds of floor and wall tiles, steel bars and widely used metal plate of doors and windows) to investigate how the high level of temperatures significantly impact on these materials through the physical, structural and mechanical changes. Before exposing of materials to this heating level, tests are performed on materials to be as a reference. The physical and mechanical characterization includes; compression tests, tensile tests, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as well as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It was observed that the high temperature led to make damages on the internal and external structure of the materials and this obviously effects on the durability of the building or may lead to its destruction. It was noticed also that this level of temperature reduced the compressive strength whereas the molecular structure is strongly influenced by this reduction. Slightly changes in tensile strength of rebar were also noticed. High temperatures level are significantly effect on the internal structure of the floor and wall tiles and fine and moderate cracks on the roofs of these tiles are appeared and reduction in the modulus of rupture of the floor and wall tiles.
Phenol Removal From Synthetic Wastewater by Adsorption Column
Authors: AL-Doury Muzher M I , Alwan M H
Published: February 2021

Adsorption column is used to perform the adsorption experiments of this work using continuous scheme. The operating parameters investigated in this work are; inlet pollutant concentration (10, 30, & 50 mg/L), Liquid hourly space velocity (5, 10, & 15 h−1), and thickness of activated carbon layer (5, 15, & 25 cm). The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of removing high phenol concentration from a synthetic wastewater since the nearby North Refineries Company, Baiji, (Iraq) wastewater treatment plant receives high phenol concentration. Moreover, to investigate the effects of various operating parameters on the adsorption capacity, breakthrough, and exhaustion times. The results of this work show that activated carbon can remove high concentration of phenol (up to 50 mg/L) efficiently. The results also indicated that the adsorption capacity depends on inlet pollutant concentration, activated carbon thickness, and liquid hourly space velocity. Actual adsorption capacity is calculated and found to be different from adsorption capacity found depending on the adsorption models. The lowest and highest adsorption capacities are 0.428 and 9.02 mg/g respectively, while the corresponding values for actual adsorption capacities are 0.216 and 32.4 mg/g.
Utilization of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) for Temperature Detection and Warning in an Automobile Engine
Authors: Imran Husam Yahya , Majid Dayang Laila Abang Abdul , Ethaib Saleem , Baitab Danish Mahmood , Jang Leong Shii
Published: February 2021

In the present work a new design of coolant temperature sensor (CTS) was carried out based on intelligent material. This material called shape memory alloy (SMA) which contain Nickel-Titanium alloy that have the ability to contract at different rates of temperatures when utilize in fabrication the spring coil. CTS was designed from SMA this material due to the characteristic of these materials such AS the high resistance of corrosion and conductivity of electrical when compared with a conventional sensor. The novel SMA sensor was evaluated accorfing to its performance by changing the temperatures during the period exposure of experiment that has been conducted to test the SMA spring coil. The design of the intelligent system proposed has been the ability to provide more automated control by using advanced materials to reduce each cost and maintenance. Coolant temperature sensor gained the best consequence of performance by getting contraction about 20mm when the range of temperature increase from (85°C – 95°C).
Soil erosion and the influenced factors: A review article
Authors: Adnan Shereen , Aldefae Asad H. , Humaish Wissam H.
Published: February 2021

Unacceptable rates of soil erosion are one of the main important factors that the hydrologists and the water engineers should keep in their mind to prevent soil detachment and increasing of the sediment yields from occurring. Unnoticed soil erosion due to slow process may lead to serious problems with the time due to wash of soil surface that leads to decrease the shear strength and building failure may occur. This review paper focuses on the forms of soil erosion, the affecting factors and prediction of the soil erosion. Forms of soil erosion are presented clearly and the formations of the rills, inter-rills, gullies due to steam flow are explained. Historical sequence of main important equations of the soil erosion determinations from art-of-literature is presented. Hydraulic, topographical and soil critical condition for the erosion with empirical equations are explained in details. Finally, the sedimentation which is the results of the soil erosion, sediment transport and the sediment yields process has been considered in this paper.
Performance of Sustainable Concrete Containing HDPE Plastic Wastes as Coarse Aggregate: Minor Review
Authors: Radhi Milad M. , Khalil Wasan Ismail , Abdulqader Sarmad Shafeeq
Published: February 2021

Many experimental studies had made by the researchers to investigate the properties of concrete with different types of plastic wastes as coarse aggregate or as fibres. This research focuses on the studies dealing with High Density Polyethylene HDPE plastic type as coarse aggregate in concrete and making a summary of the most important findings from these studies. All the experimental works stated in these studies showed a decrease in flexural strength, splitting strength and flexural strength. The results also showed that there is a clear decrease in the thermal conductivity which leads to improve thermal insulation of concrete.
Nutrients and organics removal from slaughterhouse wastewater using phytoremediation: A comparative study on different aquatic plant species
Authors: Alam Rahat , Khan Saif Ullah , Basheer Farrukh , Farooqi Izharul Haq
Published: February 2021

Conventionally treated wastewater disposal is a challenging task especially for developing countries as nutrients and some organic matters remain present in the effluent. A controlled floating pond is a suitable option for tropical countries such as India to reduce nutrients and untreated organic matters. In this study, three different locally available aquatic plant species were taken to cultivate in wastewater effluent and their respective growth and nutrients removal efficiency were compared. The three plants namely, Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Duckweeds (Lemna minor), Filamentous algae were cultivated in three identical tubs, with a depth of 20 cm, having 12L wastewater effluent. The growth parameter of plants and wastewater quality parameters was investigated at the interval of five days for 30 days. It was found that duckweeds are more effective in the removal of TKN by 37.67%, N-NO3−by 83.33%, and N-NO2-by 35.33%. On the other hand, filamentous algae were found more effective in the removal of COD by 49.36% and PO43−by 57.18%. The results from this study will assist in the selection of plants species for aquatic ponds based on the required treatment.
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of fungial Activity of Copper(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes with Imine Glutaraldehyde Derivatives.
Authors: Alfahdawi Aeed , Mohammed Iman Husam , Zaidan Dina Hameed
Published: February 2021

Two metal compolexes have been prepared throughout the reaction of copper(II) and cobalt(II) salts with the bidentate Schiff base synthesized from the reaction of two moles of o-toluidine and one mole of glutaraldehyde. These metal complexes have been characterized using physico-chemical techniques such as 1H-NMR, FTIR, Atomic Absorption A.A, CHN, UV-Vis spectra, magnatic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The obtained results showed good agrrement with theoratical data and the geometry of both metal complexes was octagonal geometry. The biological activity have been tested using two types of fungus Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus. Both metal complexes showed good activity against these two types of fumgus. Furthermore, antifungial activity of the synthesised metal complexes was better than antifungal drugs, Nystatin and Griseofulvin, which are used to treat both types of fungus.
Optimal Location of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Line using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Abbas Z N , Tuaimah F M
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to study the effect of HVDC transmission systems on reducing power losses and improving voltage profile. This paper presents a solution to the problems of an overloaded transmission line through selecting the optimal location for the HVDC system. For this purpose, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) uses to optimize the voltage profile, reduce power losses and handle power flow in overloaded transmission lines. MATLAB utilizes to engage both the GA and Newton Raphson method to solve the load flow problem. The proposed approach examined and tested on the IEEE Large Scale 57-bus test system. Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) package Version 32.0 is used as practical part to solve the functions of power system performance. The results demonstrated the ability of the proposed method to determine the optimum location of the HVDC line which reduces power loss and improves the “voltage profile” of the bus.
Technical Assessment for Solar Powered Pumps in IRAQ
Authors: Mejeed Raghad Ali , Oudah Samah Shyaa
Published: February 2021

IRAQ has been described as having high solar powered irrigation resources. The seasonal changes in climate have a direct effect on the determination of crop water requirements, irrigation schedules and potential of solar energy generation to operate the water pumping. In this study, solar pumping and pressurized drip irrigation systems were theoretically evaluated to estimate the required water requirement (one hectare) for potato planting in the ALKhlis district using calculated climatic data from the Al-Khalis Agrometeorological weather station for a period (2013-2017).CROPWAT 8.0 Software was adopted in simulation of crop water requirement. A mathematical modeling of irrigation scheduling processes was carried by using Microsoft Excel worksheets. The pumping system was simulated by using web based Grundfos Product Center tool. The highest average value of 7.6 kWh / m2 / month of solar radiation in all monitoring data years in July, while the minimum average value of 2.6 kWh / m2 / month in December when the sun is at the lowest point in the atmosphere. The average of peak sun hours corresponding to the time of the pumping system and the highest water intake was observed at eight months, from March to October, is 7.2 hours / day and 5.2 hours/day for January, February, November and December
Power Efficient Wideband Power LNA for WSN
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad S. , Hbeeb Sadeq Adnan , Al-Anbagi Haidar N. , Abdulhameed Abdulghafor A.
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a power-efficient low noise amplifier (LNA) for wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications. The energy consumption of LNAs plays a significant role in the design of WSN applications seeking less energy consumption. The transistor (BP1V01M0) is used in this article to get a low noise figure (NF) of 1.2dB and high power gain of 12.63 dB. The design covers the transistor biasing circuit, the transistor stability test, and, finally, the matching network establishment. The results of the simulation show that the proposed LNA design operates at 2.4 GHz with a wideband impedance bandwidth of 2 GHz with a low power consumption of 1 mW.
The role of aesthetic inputs in the sustainable Beauty of Baghdadi House
Authors: Hilal Maysoon Muhi
Published: February 2021

This research attempts to explore the aesthetic inputs of the Baghdadi House, which for many years has become a symbol of Iraqi architecture and its shape has evolved as a result of the skill of Iraqi sculptors and architects in the use of wood and bricks and the adaptation of these materials to give a special aesthetic to the Baghdadi House made it aesthetically sustainable. The problem of the research was the existence of a knowledge gap about the factors that contributed to enrich the details of the Baghdadi House to give it the required aesthetic sustainability. Therefore, the research adopted hypothesis (that the aesthetic of Baghdadi House results from the interaction of sustainability factors and local materials that enrich the details of the house among them in addition to that experience The Iraqi architecture added another aesthetic dimension to him) the research adopted the descriptive approach on the concept of beauty and the application of beauty levels on the elements of the Baghdadi House as well as adopted the analytical approach through the effective indicators on four different samples of houses The aim of the research is to know the aesthetic sustainability of the house by using local materials in the implementation of the Baghdadi. the results of research there is aesthetic sustainability through two indicators are architectural aesthetic and micro climate has given Interaction of the central courtyard with parts of the Baghdadi house
Employing Sustainable Environmental Technologies in Raising the Efficiency of the Building Ecosystem
Authors: Abdulwahab Ghada Ghalib
Published: February 2021

The last few years witnessed a growing interest in preserving the ecology of the earth which lead to sustainability and hence the improvements which enable getting the most out of environmental resources and nature’s gifts. This research will explore the relationship between the informational capabilities and the capabilities of controlling the environment and reducing energy consumption, this will distinguish smart buildings which their design and work of their internal structure depend on environmentally sustainable technologies this will raise the efficiency of the ecosystem of these buildings by providing an integrated, interactive environment. The Arab environment has faced many challenges as a result of the unregulated exploitation and hence the great waste of resources, therefore the research problem was identified (The reading and analysis for the identification of sustainable and environmental technologies and their impact on raising the efficiency of the building’s ecosystem). The research aimed to find the function and method of work of modern environmental technologies and the extent of their application in raising the efficiency of the ecosystem and to know the most important treatments that have been used. The research adopted the descriptive-analytical method after extracting the theoretical framework which contains a set of concepts and indicators based on which the selected examples were measured and that led to the conclusions.
The Feasibility of Emulsion Liquid Membrane for the Extraction of Organic Acids from Wastewater
Authors: Alreda Akkar Suheila Abd , Muslim Mohammed Sawsan Abd
Published: February 2021

The separation of hazardous organic acid pollutants such as phenol and carboxylic acids from aqueous waste streams released from industries is important and essential for environmental pollution. Acetic acid, benzoic acid, and phenol individually extracted from their aqueous solutions using emulsion liquid membranes prepared with kerosene as a membrane phase, Span 80 as a surfactant and NaOH as a stripping agent in the inner phase of W/O emulsions. Experiments have been performed to study the effect of volume ratio of membrane phase to internal phase (VM/VI), stripping phase concentration in the internal phase, agitation speed of feed solution, and volume ratio of emulsion phase to feed phase (VE/VF) on the organic acid extraction rates. More than 98% of benzoic acid and phenol can be extracted in less than 5 minutes, acetic can also be extracted but at much slower rates. Comparison of the extraction rates of organic acid indicates that benzoic acid and phenol are extracted more rapidly than that of acetic acid because the distribution coefficient (m) of benzoic acid and phenol is much larger than that of acetic acid due to their ability to dissolve in the membrane phase. The effective diffusivities indicate that the mobility of these compounds in the membrane phase obeys the following order: benzoic acid > acetic acid > phenol.
Numerical simulation of the heat losses through the steam injection in enhanced oil recovery process
Authors: Asad Maaly Salah , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Hussein Hasan Qahtan
Published: February 2021

In this study, a numerical investigation of the effect of using a new insulation of Yttrium oxide with thermal painting of (5 wt.%) on the heat losses from steam injected in the enhanced oil recovery process. ANSYS Fluent v.16 was used in the simulation. Results were obtained for inlet oil velocity of 5 m/s, temperature of 313 K, and inlet steam velocity of 0.1 m/s, temperature of 373 K. The length of tube is 0.5 m. Pressure through the oil decreases along the distance, while through the steam seems to be unchanged. The insulation does not affect on the pressure distribution. Velocity through the oil decreases along the distance and decreases slightly through the steam. Using the insulation lead to reduce the velocity of oil. Steam temperature decreases through before using the insulation and slightly decrease after using the insulation. Using the insulation leads to make the temperature of steam along the distance greater than the temperature before using the insulation. The pressure through the oil decreases along the distance, while through the steam seems to be unchanged. The insulation does not affect on the pressure distribution. The velocity through the oil decreases along the distance and decreases slightly through the steam by 7.14%. Using the insulation lead to reduce the velocity of oil. Using the insulation leads to make the temperature of steam along the distance greater than the temperature before using the insulation by 9.42%.
Pre-dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) for cultivation Chlorella sorokiniana MH923013, Coelastrella MH923011 and Coelastrella MH923012
Authors: Mahdi Raghad S , Al-Mashhadani Mahmood K H , Abed Ibrahim J
Published: February 2021

A step to net-zero of carbon dioxide losses in the microalgae cultivation process was targeted in the current study. This research was carried out by using pre-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as a source of carbon with two doses of twenty-five and fifty millilitres.C. sorokinianaMH923013,CoelastrellaMH923011 andCoelastrellaMH923012 strains were used in the present investigation. The experimental data emphasized the direct influence of carbonic solution on microalgal growth according to the fast adaption of algal cells and higher productivity compared to control and dilution cultures. It was observed that microalgae strains conduct a corresponding response associated with different dosing of the saturated carbonic solution. For instance, dosing of 50 ml carbon dioxide revealed fast performance to reach the stationary phase (23-25) day with clear growth improvement. In addition, 0.1633 day−1as a maximum specific growth rate in the exponential phase was recorded with this dosing. While as there was another obvious growth enhancement with supplying 25 ml CO2solution, but reached the stable phase after around (37-42) day from inoculation with a maximum specific growth rate 0.0987 day−1. These results demonstrate the potential of CO2and HCO3−1in control the CCM pathways, thus, another step in the development of the photobioreactor design.
Use of Artificial Neural Network method to Predict the Amount of Oxygen in the Tigris River
Authors: Alrufaye Faiez Musa L. , Neamah Firas H. , Mhaibes Hakeem I. , Ali Marwah Th.
Published: February 2021

The neural network algorithm is one of the most important algorithms used to predict results in artificial intelligence. It provides a set of important predictions in this field, given the importance of the Tigris River in the lives of the Iraqi people, and especially the people in the countries that it passes through. We developed an algorithm using neural networks where we sought to measure the proportion of oxygen in the water, the extent of the proportion’s impact on the quality and purity of water and the water’s suitability for human use. In our research we built a system to predict Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen by inputting a set of parameters as the Input Layer. Weights will be found for each input and, by using the neural network function, the output layer will be generated, where the output layer is Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen as single output. To test the results and performance of the system, there is an interface in the application which evaluates it by calculating the following statistical parameter: correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
Challenges in E- governments: A case study-based on Iraq
Authors: Jasim Noor A. , Hameed Emad M. , Jasim Sarah A.
Published: February 2021

An effective and competent way to deliver business and organizational mandates is via deploying Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Parts of a government’s job is to benefit their citizens, they do so by using ICT to update any services or facilities. As well as this, E-Governments aim to make citizens’ lives better in terms of society, politics, and economy. Governments move all of the administrations into “smart governments”. Unfortunately, some developing countries’ governments are unable to do such move due to several reasons. These include no interoperability of e-governments, little resources, and no management devotion. Thus, this work’s goal is to dedicate a framework of an e-government implementation for Iraq. Four main obstacles were identified for implementing e-governance in Iraq: political, technical, cultural, and legal. Examining the e-government implementation framework, opinions of 180 managers were received via an online survey. Most notably, there was no coordination between state instructions, lack of equipment’s for security, user lacking confidence, no information technology law and integrity. This study is unique and aims to develop a sufficient e-government in Iraq.
Design and implementation of a fast sequential multiplier based on iterative addition architecture
Authors: Hameed Ahmed Salah , Kathem Marwa Jawad
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a fast design and implementation for sequential multiplier is presented. The suggested approach of implementation incorporates a definition of iterative addition that reduces the number of additions required in calculating the product of two binary numbers. The proposed implementation of sequential multiplier eliminates all shift operations required by conventional sequential multiplier to only one shift operation with the final accumulated result. Proposed and conventional designs of sequential multiplier are simulated in Quartus II synthesis software tool using Verilog implementation. According to the simulation results, the proposed implementation of sequential multiplier is better than conventional implementation in terms of delay time and power consumption. The proposed sequential multiplier shows an average improvement of 17.15% in delay time compared to conventional sequential multiplier.
Social Touch Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine and T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding as Pre-processing
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Khudhair , Khalil Adil Ibrahim , Abdulkader Sameera A.
Published: February 2021

Today, one of important field is social touch gesture recognition for touch modality, which can lead to highly efficient and realistic human–robot interaction. Touch is an important interaction modality in social interaction, for instance touch can communicate emotions and can intensify emotions communicated by other modalities. In this paper, the touch gesture recognition is performed using a dataset that previously measured for numerous subjects that perform various social gestures. This dataset is dubbed as the corpus of social touch (CoST), where touches were performed on a mannequin arm. The T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (T-SNE) algorithm is used to reduce the dimensions of the input data. The T-SNE algorithm was used as a preprocessing stage before classification operations. The output of the T-SNE is fed to the support vector machine (SVM). The performance of the proposed systems was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation method. The range of recognition results 31.6% to 81.4%, Mean = 61.7% and Standard Deviation = 10.05%. The proposed method can recognize gestures in nearly real time after acquiring a minimum number of frames (629 ms). which is comparable with the results of Jung et al.
An Inclusive Survey of Machine Learning based Hand Gestures Recognition Systems in Recent Applications
Authors: Mohammed Hind Ibrahim , Waleed Jumana , Albawi Saad
Published: February 2021

Hand gestures represent one of the most prevalent types of body language which can be utilized for interaction and communication. Although the other types of body language represent a more general state of emotional, hand gestures capable of possessing specified linguistic content inside it. Because of the expressiveness and speed in interaction, hand gestures are commonly utilized in human-computer interaction systems (HCI), sign languages, virtual reality, and gaming. In the process of recognizing hand gestures, the complexity and diversity of gestures will extremely impact on the recognition rate and reliability. The existence of machine learning techniques can be effectively exploited in the task of improving the rate of hand gesture recognition. This paper inspected the performance of machine learning techniques in recognizing vision and sensors based hand gestures in the recently existing applications. Additionally, the widely used architecture applied in various datasets has been considered which includes the acquisition of data, pre-processing, the extraction of features, and classification.
A Comparative analysis study of lung cancer detection and relapse prediction using XGBoost classifier
Authors: Abdu-Aljabar Rana Dhia’a , Awad Osama A.
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is the leading cancer for causing death for both men and women. It also has one of the lowest survival rates in five-year of all cancer types. It remains a challenge to lung cancer relapse prediction after surgery, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to enhance prediction and detection using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to detect lung cancer diagnoses and predict its relapse after surgery by using gene expression and its transcriptome changes due to cancer. This can aid to enhance early tumour progression handling and reducing the painful treatment. In this study, it used real New Generation RNA_seq (NGS) and microarray gene expression datasets for different types of lung cancer. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the XGBoost model compared to other machine learning models especially in handling unbalance datasets.
Performance Enhancement of Miniaturized Dual-Band Bandpass Filter
Authors: Hammood Dhuha G. , Hammed Raaed T.
Published: February 2021

Recently a significant design technique was proposed to develop miniaturized dual-band bandpass filters using multilayered dual-mode resonator. The attitudes of these filters show good performance with 3 GHz upper rejection band. In order to improve the stopband performance of these filters, this article presents a new generation of miniaturized dual-band bandpass filters having extra transmission zero in the upper stopband. The desired transmission zero is generated by electrical physical length (lTZ) equal to a quarter-wavelength open-circuited stub resonator created from the filter structure itself. This is achieved by slipping down the input/output feeding ports from the far end connection points to the desired electrical length. To verify the proposed idea, a dual-band BPF operating at 1.9 GHz GSM and 3.5 GHz WiMax systems is designed, simulated and fabricated. The measured and simulated filter responses are in well agreed. It is observed that this filter has attenuation better than 15 dB over 5 GHz rejection band. The filter circuit area is very small of about 37mm2 terminating the feeding ports.
Secure voice cryptography based on Diffie-Hellman algorithm
Authors: Yousif Sura F.
Published: February 2021

This article introduces a new technique for voice signals encryption & decryption to ameliorate the information security during transferring over unsecure network. The presented mechanism is based on a particular type of asymmetric key cryptography called Diffie-Hellman Algorithm. The main reason of using this algorithm is enabling users to encrypt and decrypt their messages via a shared session key that is known only for them. Firstly, the input voice signal in this scheme is enciphered by utilizing the shared secret key at the dispatcher. Secondly, the scrambled voice signal is delivered to the destination through open telecommunication network. Eventually, the cipher text signal is deciphered at the receptor by exploiting the same key to retrieve the plaintext signal. The performance of the presented voice cryptosystem is assessed via different known ciphering/deciphering voice measures for different voice signals. The computed and visual results in addition to comparison outcomes confirm that the presented cryptosystem can fulfill good enciphering and deciphering results and it is capable of tolerating various cryptographic analyses.
Modified Speech Separation Deep Learning Network Based on Hamming window
Authors: Al-Barhan Hussein A , Elyass Sinan M , Saeed Thamir R , Hatem Ghufran M , Ziboon Hadi T
Published: February 2021

Speech separation is attracting widespread interest due to the sound mixing in real environments in and out door applications. Although the researchers have used many algorithms, the separation rate in the real environment is still poor. This paper presents speech separation using a modified Deep learning neural (DLN) algorithm. Interestingly, the modification has reduced the complexity of the original DLN algorithm, while, high value of separation rate has been gained caused by using Hamming instead of Hanning windows against the other algorithms. The separation rate reaches 98.6%, while, the advancement over the nearest algorithm is 2.8%.