bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive Hot Pressing of Titanium Nitride–Titanium Diboride Composites at Moderate Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Rangaraj Lingappa , Divakar Canchi , Jayaram Vikram
Published: July 2010

Dense composites in the Ti‐B‐N system have been produced by reactive hot pressing of titanium and BN powders. The effect of the addition of a small amount of nickel (1–3 wt%) on the reaction kinetics and densification of TiN–TiB2 (40 vol%) composite has been studied. Composites of ∼99% of theoretical density have been produced at 1600°C under 40 MPa for 30 min with 1% nickel. The hardness and fracture toughness of these composites are 24.5 ± 0.97 GPa and 6.53 ± 0.27 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The microstructural studies on samples produced at lower temperatures indicate the formation of a transient liquid phase, which enhances the kinetics of the reaction and densification of the composite.
Zirconia‐Based Electrochemical NOx Sensors with Semiconducting Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Elisabetta , Grilli Maria Luisa , Yoon Jong Won , Traversa Enrico
Published: July 2010

Electrochemical devices based on coupling an oxygen ionic conductor (Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2: YSZ) with semiconducting oxides as sensing electrodes were investigated. LaFeO3, a p‐type semiconductor, and WO3, an n‐type semiconductor, were chosen because of their known good NO2‐sensing properties as resistive‐type sensors. The entire sensors were wholly exposed to the same atmosphere. The electromotive force (EMF) was measured for different NO2 concentrations and at fixed temperature. The EMF values of both sensors increased in NO2 atmosphere with a fast response time. The best performance was observed around 450°C for LaFeO3‐based and 650°C for WO3‐based sensors. Moreover, the response of the LaFeO3‐based sensors was found to be strongly affected by the grain size of the powder used for the preparation of the sensing electrode. The polarization curves of all sensors showed a nonlinearity; nevertheless an opposite behavior in the presence of NO2 gas was observed for the p‐ and n‐ type‐based oxide sensors. The nonlinearity was attributed to the potential drop for LaFeO3 or increase for WO3 at the electrode interface. Amperometric measurements, performed at a fixed potential of 1 V, were found in accordance with polarization curves. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the resistance and reactance at the electrolyte/electrode interface decreased (for LaFeO3)/increased (for WO3) on introduction of NO2 gas, because of the lowering/increasing of the electrode overvoltage.
Measuring Permeability of Rigid Materials by a Beam‐Bending Method: V, Isotropic Rectangular Plates of Cement Paste
Authors: Valenza John , Scherer George W.
Published: July 2010

Beam bending is an excellent method for measuring low permeabilities (≤10−18 m2) in homogeneous materials, because it is fast, requires no high pressure, and provides a concurrent measurement of the modulus of the material. The method was previously analyzed and substantiated for cylindrical or square beams. Recently, the analysis was extended to include isotropic and transversely isotropic rectangular beams. In this paper, the analysis is applied to measurements performed on cement paste, and it is shown that the solution for isotropic rectangular beams accounts for changes in the hydrodynamic behavior caused by changing the aspect ratio of the sample. The permeability and elastic modulus results are verified through comparison to previous measurements on cylindrical beams.
Microstructural Variation in Porcelain Stoneware as a Function of Flux System
Authors: Souza G. P. , Rambaldi E. , Tucci A. , Esposito L. , Lee W. E.
Published: July 2010

Fired microstructures of standard porcelain stoneware tile and tile made from mixes containing waste glass as part of the flux system were studied by XRD, SEM, and TEM. The standard porcelain stoneware microstructure consists of 100–1000 μm long mullite needles, feldspar relics, and partially dissolved α‐quartz embedded in a glassy matrix. The use of soda–lime–silica (SLS) glass in the flux system led to crystallization of plagioclase, wollastonite, and sodium silicates. CaO‐rich areas adjacent to quartz particles, as a result of interactions between SLS glass and silica from the quartz, and eutectic morphologies, revealed that SLS glass accelerated liquid formation and thus sintering and densification. Formation of these additional phases led to lower levels of quartz, mullite, and Na‐feldspar in the microstructure although lower firing temperatures could be used to achieve full density due to generation of more fluid liquid. Use of PbO‐containing waste glasses had little effect on the microstructure compared with standard composition while use of mixed PbO‐containing and SLS glasses led to microstructures containing plagioclase but to lower extent than in tile with higher levels of SLS.
Room‐Temperature Freeze Casting for Ceramics with Nonaqueous Sublimable Vehicles in the Naphthalene–Camphor Eutectic System
Authors: Araki Kiyoshi , Halloran John W.
Published: July 2010

Freeze casting for Al2O3 was accomplished at room temperature with nonaqueous sublimable vehicles in the naphthalene–camphor eutectic system with a eutectic temperature of 31°C. A fully dense sintered body (>99.5% of theoretical density (T.D.)) was obtained with a eutectic composition vehicle, whereas at most 90% T.D. was obtained with an off‐eutectic (i.e., hypo‐ or hypereutectic) composition vehicle due to formation of large uniquely shaped voids. Microstructural observation suggested that growing pro‐eutectic crystals rejected the suspended Al2O3 particles to form large voids during the solidification process. At the eutectic composition, formation of fine lamellar microstructure in a solidified vehicle is considered to inhibit particle rejection resulting in large voids.
Preparation through Aerosols of Cr‐Doped Y2Sn2O7 (Pyrochlore) Red‐Shade Pigments and Determination of the Cr Oxidation State
Authors: López‐Navarrete Elena , Orera Victor M. , Lázaro Francisco J. , Carda Juan B. , Ocaña Manuel
Published: July 2010

A method for the preparation of Cr‐doped Y2Sn2O7 powders based on the pyrolysis of aerosols generated from aqueous salt solutions of the corresponding metal cations is reported. These powders yielded Cr‐doped pyrochlore red‐shade pigments on calcination in the absence of fluxes at lower temperature (900°–1100°C) than that involved in the traditional ceramic method (1400°C). This process resulted in pigment particles with spherical shape and broad size distribution (<10 μm) not requiring milling. The oxidation state of the Cr ions dissolved in the pyrochlore lattice has also been analyzed by using XPS and ESR spectroscopies and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements finding that the color observed for this material is due to Cr(IV) ions, most probably occupying the distorted octahedral position of Sn(IV).
Multicenter, phase II, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized study of aprepitant in Japanese patients receiving high‐dose cisplatin
Authors: Takahashi Toshiaki , Hoshi Eishin , Takagi Masakazu , Katsumata Noriyuki , Kawahara Masaaki , Eguchi Kenji
Published: July 2010

Aprepitant is a new neurokinin‐1 (NK1) receptor antagonist developed as a treatment for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aprepitant used in combination with standard therapy (granisetron and dexamethasone), we conducted a multicenter, phase II, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized study in Japanese cancer patients who received cancer chemotherapy including cisplatin (≥70 mg/m2). Aprepitant was administered for 5 days. A total of 453 patients were enrolled. In the three study groups, (i) standard therapy, (ii) aprepitant 40/25 mg (40 mg on day 1 and 25 mg on days 2–5) and (iii) aprepitant 125/80 mg (125 mg on day 1 and 80 mg on days 2–5), the percentage of patients with complete response (no emesis and no rescue therapy) was 50.3% (75/149 subjects), 66.4% (95/143 subjects) and 70.5% (103/146 subjects), respectively. This shows that efficacy was significantly higher in the aprepitant 40/25 mg and 125/80 mg groups than in the standard therapy group (χ2 test [closed testing procedure]: P = 0.0053 and P = 0.0004, respectively) and highest in the aprepitant 125/80 mg group. The delayed phase efficacy (days 2–5) was similar to the overall phase efficacy (days 1–5), indicating that aprepitant is effective in the delayed phase when standard therapy is not very effective. In terms of safety, aprepitant was generally well tolerated in Japanese cancer patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00212602.) (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2455–2461)
The Serological Recognition of the Human MLC Determinants using a Modified Cytotoxicity Technique
Authors: ROOD J. J. VAN , LEEUWEN A. VAN , KEUNING J. J. , BLUSSE VAN OUD ALBLAS A.
Published: July 2010

A new approach which presumably recognizes MLC determinants (or at least structures closely linked to MLC and different from the FOUR, A J and LA series determinants) by serology is described.

As the test can be performed within 10 h it could be used to match cadaveric kidney donors for these MLC determinants. Perhaps even more important is the fact that the antibodies detected by this technique could be used to study the immunochemistry of a class of determinants differing from the well known SD determinants.
HL‐A Antigens in a Chinese Population
Authors: HSIA SHYUAN , WARD FRANCES E. , EN WAN YU CH , AMOS D. BERNARD
Published: July 2010

The HL–A antigens of a Chinese population now living on the island of Taiwan have been investigated with reagents obtained from and characterized in Caucasian populations and with antisera obtained from Chinese multiparous women. Both HL–A2, the most frequent specificity found, and HL–A9 appear highly heterogeneous in this Chinese population since groups of antisera used to define HL–A2 or 9 in Caucasians gave discordant reactions. Moreover, new associations were found using chi‐square and cluster analyses, further demonstrating the complexity of HL–A in this Taiwanese population. Fourteen % of 1183 Chinese multipara sera and 237 sera from multiple transfused individuals were lyrnphocytotoxic and could be placed by cluster analysis into three major groups.
The HL‐A7 Histocompatibility Antigen in Sarcoidosis Relation to Tuberculin Sensivity
Authors: PERSSON IB , RYDER LARS P. , NIELSEN LILLIAN STAUB , SVEJCAARD ARNE
Published: July 2010

Eighty cases of sarcoidosis have been investigated. In all except eight patients a histological verification of the diagnosis was obtained by mediastinoscopy or liver biopsy. The HL‐A7 antigen was not increased in the entire group. However, in the group of patients with a negative sensitivity to tuberculin after the appearance of the disease there was a significant increase compared with controls. In the patients with a positive reaction, there was a complete absence of HL‐A7. The HL‐A system therefore does not seem to influence the liability to contract sarcoidosis, but once this condition has developed HL‐A7 positives are more likely to lose cellular immunity to tuberculin and to reveal symptoms.
Expression and Segregation of HL‐A Antigens in D981AH‐2 by Lymphocyte and Fibroblast Hybrids
Authors: KENNETT R. H. , HAMPSHIRE B. , BENCTSSON B. , BODMER W. F.
Published: July 2010

Somatic cell hybrids between D98/AH‐2 and fibroblasts or peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed for the expression of HL‐A antigens. The hybrids express the antigens of the donor lymphocytes or fibroblasts as well as other HL‐A specificities from D98/AH‐2, a Hela derivative on which no HL‐A could be detected by direct cytotoxicity. Segregant hybrid clones could be used to determine HL‐A haplotypes and define the linkage relationships between these haplotypes and the PGM3 alleles expressed in the hybrids. An analysis of the HL‐A antigens on D98/AH‐2 and other Hela derivates was done using absorption and a modified cytotoxicity assay.
Separation of Human Cells Bearing HLA—DR Antigens Using a Monoclonal Antibody Resetting Method
Authors: Stocker J. W. , Garotta G. , Hausmann B. , Trucco M. , Ceppellini R.
Published: July 2010

A technique is described for enriching, from human blood, cells bearing HLA—DR antigens. The method depends on the use of monoclonal mouse antibody which reacts with HLA—DR structures. Cells to which this antibody has bound can be separated after resetting with bovine erythro‐cytes coated with anti‐mouse immunoglobulin. The cells thus enriched may be used for HLA—DR typing by standard cytotoxicity methods with allogeneic sera.
A New HLA‐B Antigen (HOK‐1) Found in the Japanese
Authors: Nakai Y. , Kano T. , Asanuma T. , Moriuchi J. , Wakisaka A. , Aizawa M. , Itakura K.
Published: July 2010

The HLA—B8 antigen is one of the characteristic antigens associated with organ specific autoimmune diseases among Caucasians. Among the Japanese, HLA—B8 positives have been assumed to be extremely rare. By using some HLA‐B8 typing sera, a new HLA‐B antigen, HLA‐Bw4 positive, was found in the Japanese. This new HLA‐B antigen, tentatively called HOK‐1, showed a phenotype frequency of 3.7% and a gene frequency of 1.9 ± 0.6%.

This antigen has a strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐Cw1 among the Japanese.
The Frequency of HLA—Dw1 Determinant in Subacute (de Quervain's) Thyroiditis
Authors: Buc M. , Nyulassy Š , Hnilica P. , BuŠová B. , Štefanovič J.
Published: July 2010

Investigation of a group of 23 patients suffering from subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis for the frequency of the HLA‐Dw1 determinant showed this determinant to be more frequent ‐30.4% ‐ compared to its frequency in a healthy population — 19.1%. The finding is not statistically significant.
Evidence for an HLA‐Linked Resistance Gene in Buerger's Disease
Authors: de Moerloose Ph. , Jeannet M. , Mirimanoff P. , Bouvier C.A.
Published: July 2010

The incidence of Thromboangiitis Obliterans in brothers and the high prevalence in some ethnic groups have led us to investigate the histocompatibility HLA—A, B and DR antigens of 46 Buerger's disease patients. The main result indicates a marked decreased frequency of the B12 antigen: 2.2% vs 28% in controls. Our study suggests that Buerger's disease is, on the basis of HLA antigens, a distinct immunogenetic entity and not a particular form of arteriosclerosis. Moreover, this disorder may represent a clue to the existence of resistance genes linked to HLA.
Time‐Dose‐Response Studies on Cellular Immunity
Authors: Graff Ralph J. , Brown Deborah H.
Published: July 2010

The time‐dose responses to several murine histocompatibility antigens were studied using lymphocytes as an antigen source for immunization and the speed of rejection of skin grafts as an assay of the level of immune responsiveness. It was observed that the weaker the first set response to an antigen the higher the minimal immunizing dose and the lower the tolerizing dose; thus, there was a small “immunizing window.” The speed of onset of immune responsiveness and the magnitude of change in it following first antigen contact depended on the “strength” of the antigen. When the antigen was “strong” the level of response increased rapidly following first antigen contact. When the antigen was “weak” a period of tolerance appeared following first antigen contact, which then gave way to a state of immunity; the “weaker” the antigen the longer the interval and the greater the magnitude of tolerance. Increasing the antigen dose tended to magnify and prolong the tolerance. The “weaker” the antigen the longer the interval between first antigen contact and the appearance of immunity. Once established, the level of immunity was not constant. Undulations in the levels of all responses were noted; the “weaker” the antigen the larger the undulations. Possible explanations for the undulations and implications of the time‐dose‐response curves in immunotherapy are discussed.
HLA Phenotypes and Cadmium Blood Level
Authors: Gualde N. , Delage C.
Published: July 2010

The distribution of HLA phenotypes was studied and the amount of cadmium blood level was determined in a group of 100 healthy subjects. The HLA—A3 phenotype seems associated with high cadmium levels in the blood. The lymphocytes transformation test with PHA and different concentrations of cadmium indicates that A3 cells are more sensitive than others to inhibition by cadmium.
HLA—A, B, Bf Three Point Association of 1,072 Haplotypes in a German Population
Authors: Bertrams Jörg , Baur Max P.
Published: July 2010

Altogether 1,072 HLA—A, B, Bf haplotypes in 536 parents of 268 German families were analyzed by gene and haplotype counting in order to investigate the two and three point association of HLA—A and B antigens with Bf alleles. In agreement with previously published data (Albert et al. 1975, Bender et al. 1977) significant positive linkage disequilibria were found for HLA—A3 and BfF, B7 and BfS, B8 and BfS, Bw35 and BfF, whereas significant negative Delta values appeared to exist for HLA—A3 and BfS, B7 and BfF, B8 and BfF, B12 and BfS, as well as Bw35 and BfS. Significant positive three point Delta values were found for the following haplotypes: HLA—A11, Bw35, BfS, HLA—Aw23, Bw35, BfS, HLA—A28, B12, BfS, HLA—A2, B17, BfF, HLA—A3, Bw35, BfF, HLA—Aw24, B12, BfF and HLA—A29, B12, BfF. According to the large number of comparisons performed calculating the level of significance of the three point associations, these data have to be corroborated by further investigation. The three point Delta values, obtained by calculation from the parents' phenotypes differed markedly from those results obtained by haplotype counting.
Anomalous Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Reactivity between HLA—A, —B, —C, —DR Identical Siblings
Authors: Reinsmoen Nancy L. , Noreen Harriet J. , Friend Peter S. , Giblett Eloise R. , Greenberg Leonard J. , Kersey John H.
Published: July 2010

Complete HLA typing including HLA—A, —B, —C, —DR (D related B cell typing), —D, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), and primed lymphocyte testing (PLT), together with complete red blood cell (RBC), glyoxalase (GLO), GBG (Factor B), and phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) typings were performed on an informative family. The five siblings inherited the four possible combinations of parental HLA haplotypes, and two of the siblings were HLA—A, —B, —C and —DR identical. Repeated MLC testing of the family revealed positive mixed lymphocyte reactivity in all combinations. B cell typing for the DR specificities demonstrated no variation from the expected inheritance pattern and specifically no recombination event. GBC and GLO typings militated against a recombination involving the paternal chromosome. HLA‐D testing revealed that only one of the HLA—A, —B, —C, and —DR identical siblings gave typing responses to the HLA—Dw3 specificity present on that maternal haplotype. Utilizing HLA haploidentical combinations, lymphocytes were primed against the four parental haplotypes and the non‐Dw3 haplotype of interest (Aw24—B8—DRw3—LDY) in the PLT. The sibling inheriting this haplotype did not restimulate cells primed against the A2—B40—DRw6—LDY specificity. Furthermore, no discrimination was observed in the restimulation of lymphocytes primed against this haplotype. Possible interpretations of these family data include: a spontaneous mutation, non‐major histocompatibility locus (MHC) stimulation, and HLA—DR/D recombination.
Segregation of HLA—D Specificities with the HLA‐B12 Allotype
Authors: Jaramillo S. , Anhorn G. , Schunter F. , Grosse‐Wilde H. , Wernet P.
Published: July 2010

In a search for bone marrow donors and HLA—D homozygous cells, MLC family studies were performed. Results of the experiments, in which the Seventh Workshop cells 7W569‐KR and 7W568‐WE were found, are presented here. Within the KR and the WE families two identified and two non‐identified HLA—D alleles appear to be linked to the HLA—B12 allotype that both families carry.
HLA‐DR and monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Muylle L. , Smet D. De , Cole J. , Peetermans M. E.
Published: July 2010

The frequencies of the HLA‐DR antigens were compared in 3 groups: a group of 33 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) or Morbus Waldenström (MW); a group of 34 persons with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG); and a group of 118 healthy controls. No statistically significant associations were observed.
HLA‐DR MT and MB antigens in Takayasu disease
Authors: Numano Fujio , Isohisa Ichiro , Egami Michiko , Ohta Nobuo , Sasazuki Takehiko
Published: July 2010

Recent studies on the pathogenesis of Takayasu disease have focussed on the participation of genetic factors, and HLA analysis has confirmed the close relationship between Takayasu disease and HLA Bw52. In an attempt to investigate the association of immune response gene with the disease, HLA‐DR (DR‐1, −2, −3, −4, −5, ‐w6, −7, ‐w8, ‐w9, ‐w10), MT (‐1, −2, −3), MB (‐1, −3) antigens were studied in 52 patients with Takayasu disease and the data compared with findings in healthy Japanese. As there were no statistical differences between the two groups in the frequencies of all these antigens, genetic factors in Takayasu disease may be much more closely associated with B than with D loci.
Assignment of the leucocyte group five surface antigens to human chromosome 4
Authors: van Kessel A. H. M. Geurts , Stoker K. , Claas F. H. J. , van Agthoven A. J. , Hagemeijer A.
Published: July 2010

Somatic cell hybrids, derived from the fusion of Chinese hamster a23 cells with leucocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, were assayed for the presence of the leucocyte group‐5 antigens. The 5b allele was expressed, and cytogenetic analysis of the hybrids suggests its localization on human chromosome 4.
Study of a family with Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
Authors: Brautbar C. , Yehuda O. , Eisenberg S. , Cohen N. , Amar A. , Sharon R. , Fried K. , Aghasi M. , Cohen T.
Published: July 2010

A large family with three children affected with the autosomal recessive disease of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) was studied for class I (HLA—A,B,C) and class II antigens (HLA‐DR,D,SB), properdin factor B and glyoxalase. The extensive typing revealed an informative cross‐over between HLA‐B and Bf, indicating that Bf is located centromeric to the HLA‐B locus and segregated in this family with HLA‐D/DR. The parents in this family were first cousins and their parents were also first cousins. Three of their four haplotypes share B14, BfS, DR1, Dx and SB4 and may be identical by descent. The three affected children carried among them all four parental haplotypes, indicating that close linkage of the CTX locus to HLA is unlikely.
HLA‐DR and HLA‐A, B, C typing of human fetal tissue
Authors: Danilovs John A. , Brown Josiah , Terasaki Paul I. , Clark William R.
Published: July 2010

In anticipation of clinical trials of fetal pancreas transplantation we have investigated the feasibility of performing HLA‐DR and HLA‐A, B, C typing on fetal lymphoid cells other than PBL. Using the standard NIH microcytotoxicity test modified for HLA‐DR typing it was possible to demonstrate HLA‐DR antigens on subpopulations of bone marrow cells and splenocytes but not on thymocytes or hepatocytes. In contrast, HLA‐A, B, C antigens could be detected on all four tissues. Excellent HLA‐DR typing, confirmed by maternal typing, was obtained for 19 fetuses (14 to 23 weeks old) using bone marrow cells isolated by two‐fold purification on discontinuous Percoll buoyant density gradients. Similar purification of splenocytes resulted in weak reactions with anti‐DR sera; however, adherent splenocytes recovered from nylon wool columns proved to be primarily DR‐bearing and also provided excellent DR typing. As a corollary to these results, non‐adhering splenocytes depleted of DR‐bearing cells were ideal for HLA‐A, B, C typing since spurious reactions due to DR antigens were greatly diminished, whereas strong specific reactions were obtained with anti‐HLA‐A, B, C sera. Despite weaker reactions with HLA‐A, B, C antisera obtained for thymocytes, reliable HLA‐A, B, C typing could be obtained when results from thymocytes were evaluated together with typing from bone marrow cells or splenocytes. The possible benefits of fetal HLA typing for fetal pancreas transplantation are discussed.
HLA‐DR antigens and properdin factor B allotypes in responders and non‐responders to the Rhesus‐D antigen
Authors: Darke C. , Street J. , Sargeant C. , Dyer P. A.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐DRw6 incidence was high in male responders to the Rhesus‐D antigen (50%) compared to male non‐responders (15.4%), P>0.02, P corrected N/S, pregnancy immunized females (23.1%) and a random population (26%). No Bf allotype frequency differences were found among these four groups.
HLA‐A,B and DR antigens in North Carolina Blacks with sarcoidosis
Authors: Whitsett C. F. , Merritt J. C. , Mower P. , Daffin L.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐one Black sarcoidosis patients from North Carolina were typed for HLA‐A. B and DR antigens. There were no significant alterations in their HLA antigen frequencies when compared to a control population.
HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR antigen profile in pulmonary tuberculosis in North India
Authors: Singh S. P. N. , Mehra N. K. , Dingley H. B. , Pande J. N. , Vaidya M. C.
Published: July 2010

Investigations for the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR antigens were conducted on 124 random North Indian patients with confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by the demonstration of acid fast bacilli in the sputum. 109 appropriately matched controls from the same ethnic background were also tissue typed. No significant deviation was observed in the HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐C locus antigens. With the HLA‐DR typing, there was a marginal increase in DR2 and a concurrent significant decrease in DRw6 in the patient group. These deviations were, however, insignificant when correction for the P value was made. ABO blood group typing results indicate that blood group ‘O’ may afford protection against TB. The involvement of both DR2 and DRw6 is interesting as it is also implicated in leprosy, another mycobacterial disease. The results suggest the possibility of a common gene in the MHC for both tuberculosis and leprosy.
New evidence for the existence of HLA‐B14 subtypes
Authors: Mueller‐Eckhardt G. , Mayr W. R. , Prel L. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C.
Published: July 2010

In a joint study 109 unrelated HLA‐B14 positive individuals were subtyped for the provisional splits 14.1 and 14.2 respectively, based on sera of the 7th and 8th Histocompatibility Workshops. Sixty‐eight of these donors as well as 23 families were also typed for DR antigens. Earlier findings concerning a linkage disequilibrium B14.1/Aw32 and B14.2/Aw33 were confirmed. In addition a highly significant association B14.1/DR7 as well as a less striking one for B14.2/DR1 were observed. These findings contribute new arguments for the partition of the B14 antigen.
A monoclonal antibody that detects a polymorphic determinant common to HLA‐DR1 and 2
Authors: Kasahara M. , Ogasawara K. , Ikeda H. , Okuyama T. , Ishikawa N. , Takenouchi T. , Wakisaka A. , Kikuchi Y. , Aizawa M.
Published: July 2010

In an attempt to study the gene products of the HLA complex, a monoclonal antibody, named HU‐30, was produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a cultured human B lymphoblastoid cell line, Shi‐C3 (Aw24, Aw31, Bw51, Bw52, DR2, DR blank, MT1, MT2, MB3). HU‐30 belonged to the IgG2 subclass and was active in complement dependent cytotoxicity. When the serological specificity was evaluated with a panel of 15 cultured human lymphoblastoid cell lines, it was found that HU‐30 detected a polymorphic determinant, common to HLA‐DR1 and 2, with much stronger cytotoxic activity against HLA‐DR2 positive B cell lines. When HU‐30 was tested against a panel of B cells from 84 healthy donors at a dilution of 2‐13, it gave positive reactions only with cells typed as HLA‐DR2. Furthermore, sequential coprecipitation studies indicated that the HU‐30 determinant was borne on the molecules carrying the HLA‐DR determinants. Thus, HU‐30 appears to be of great value as a tissue typing reagent monospecific for HLA‐DR2.
HLA antigens and non‐HLA chromosome 6 markers in Micronesians from Nauru
Authors: SERJEANTSON S. W , KIRK R. L , RANFORD P , BEAUCHAMP M
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR antigen distributions, together with non‐HLA chromosome 6 markers C2, BF, C4A, C4B and GLO, were determined in Micronesians from Nauru. Genetic distance analysis showed the close affinity between Nauruans and Filipinos, while linkage disequilibrium values confirmed some ancestral relationship between Nauru and Melanesia. HLA gene frequencies in Nauruan, Filipino and Spanish populations were used to estimate the proportionate contributions of these groups to the present day Chamorros of Guam as 36% Spanish, 17% Filipino and 47% Micronesian.
HLA antigens and congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: ARSLANIAN SILVA A , FOLEY, THOMAS P , RABIN BRUCE S , WAGENER DIANE K
Published: July 2010

HLA antigens A and B were determined in a group of 41 patients with congenital hypothyroidism and 36 of their mothers. Twenty‐nine patients had thyroid dysgenesis of whom 23 were functionally athyreotic, four had ectopic and two had hypoplastic thyroid glands. Twelve patients had thyroid dyshormonogenesis, seven of whom had iodide organification defect. A total of 48 antigens were typed in the A and B loci. The results were analyzed in comparison to 388 normal adult subjects from the general population. The only statistically significant difference was an increase in the frequency of HLA‐Bw44(12) (48.8% vs 19.3%, P < 0.02). The incidence of HLA‐Bw44(12) was 44.2% in the mothers. There was a decreased frequency of HLA‐B7 in the patients which was not significant.
Malignant hypertension and HLA antigens
Authors: FORSBERG BJÖRN , LÖW BENGT
Published: July 2010

Thirty‐two patients with malignant hypertension and terminal uremia and a group of 1263 healthy blood donors were studied regarding the incidence of different HLA antigens. HLA‐Bw35; Cw4 antigens were found to be significantly more frequent in the group of patients with malignant hypertension than in the group of healthy individuals. The frequency of HLA—Bw35 in a group of 60 non‐uremic patients with biopsy‐proven glomerulonephritis and without malignant hypertension was also studied and found equal to the group of healthy blood donors. There was no overrepresentation of IgA nephritis among the HLA—Bw35 positive patients with glomerulonephritis, but advanced vascular lesions were more common among these than among patients with other HLA antigens.
Family and population studies of HLA and coeliac disease in the West of Ireland
Authors: MCKENNA RACHEL , STEVENS F. M , MCNICHOLL B , SCHOLZ S , ALBERT E , MCCARTHY C. F
Published: July 2010

Tissue typing (HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR) was carried out on 92 patients with coeliac disease (CD) and on a further 71 first degree relatives of 13 of these patients. Results of antigen frequencies in unrelated patients and segregation analysis in families shows that HLA‐DR3 but not HLA‐DR7 is positively associated with CD. Haplotype and sib‐pair data from these coeliac families suggest that with all of them, genetic susceptibility to CD lies in the HLA region of the sixth chromosome. In families where the coeliac proband has HLA‐DR3, the relative risk to siblings who also have this antigen is increased 35 times.
Increase of HLA‐“DRw6” in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: REEKERS P , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M , DE PUTTE L. B. A. VAN
Published: July 2010

In 43 patients with pauciarticular and 26 patients with polyarticular juvenile chronic arthirtis (JCA), an increased frequency was found for HLA‐B27 (36%) in male patients with onset of the disease over 9 years of age. The antigen “DRw6” was observed in high frequency (average 57%) in all subtypes of the disease. Indications for increased frequencies were obtained for DR3 in male JCA (40%) and DR5 (42%) in female JCA patients.
Association of HLA‐DR4 with myasthenia gravis in the Chinese
Authors: LEE T. D. , ZHAO T. M. , BU K. J. , LU C. Z. , O'DONNELL M. , SANDLER S. G.
Published: July 2010

Since 1973 a number of studies have been conducted on the association of HLA with myasthenia gravis (MG). (Safwenberg et al. 1973, Fritze et al. 1973, Naeim et al. 1978, Bodmer & Bodmer 1978, Behan 1980). Most of these studies involved Caucasians. In this paper we report on a study carried out in Chinese patients with M.G.
Genetic polymorphism of complement C4 in the dog
Authors: KAY P. H. , DAWKINS R. L.
Published: July 2010

Plasma samples from 129 dogs have been typed using an immunofixation technique to define the polymorphism of canine C4. The mode of inheritance was inferred by study of four large pedigrees. In contrast to the situation in man, canine C4 may be encoded by a single locus. At least five different co‐dominant structural alleles have been detected. A deficiency allele has not been found as yet.

Because there are associations between C4 allotypes and spontaneous autoimmune disease in man, the well defined polymorphism of canine C4 may provide an excellent model for understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of autoimmune disease.
Rapid screening for humoral immune deficiency
Authors: TAURIS P.
Published: July 2010

A preliminary report on a fast, easy and inexpensive screen‐test for the detection of humoral immune deficiency is presented. The method is based on the presence of heterophilic antibodies in normal human serum.

Multitested normal individuals and immunodeficient patients showed a clearcut dichotomy in this screening procedure.
Blood transfusions in renal dialysis patients:
Authors: ROY R. , BEAUDOIN R. , ROBERGE F. , LACHANCE J. G. , PELLETIER G.
Published: July 2010

The effect of blood transfusions, given in low number (<5), on the immune response of renal dialysis patients was studied. A significantly lowered response of lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation was observed in patients after as few as one, two or three transfusions, depending on the patient. This led to an increased ▵48/▵0 ratio reflected by the enhanced response of the cells following delayed addition of sub‐optimal dose of mitogen. There was no modification of the ratio of helper/inducer to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells subsets (OKT4/OKT8). The use of such simple in vitro tests in a strict protocol of transfusions could allow an adequate follow‐up thereby limiting the risks of sensitization. These results demonstrate that important phenomena affecting patients' immune response are turned on following even a low number of transfusions in the majority of uremic patients. This could probably be related to the beneficial effects of blood transfusions on the kidney allograft survival already described.
Antigenic composition of human renal vascular endothelium assessed by kidney perfusion
Authors: BALDWIN W. M. , CLAAS F. H. J. , VAN ROOD J. J. , VAN ES L. A.
Published: July 2010

Intravascular perfusion of healthy, viable human kidneys either with human sera or with monoclonal antibodies specific for individual HLA‐A, B, DR or E‐M antigens demonstrated that all of these antigens are exposed to circulating antibodies and thus can serve as stimuli or targets for immunologic mediators of renal transplant rejection. In addition, these antibodies could be recovered from the renal vessels by brief treatment with acid buffer.
HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR antigens in IgA nephropathy
Authors: HANLY P. , GARRETT P. , SPENCER S. , O'DWYER W. F.
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐six Irish patients with IgA Nephropathy were typed for HLA‐A and ‐B antigens. Forty‐six were typed for HLA‐DR antigens. The frequencies of these antigens did not differ significantly from the frequency in the general population. The influence of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this disease remains uncertain.
Increased frequency of HLA‐A1 and ‐B8 in association with total lack, but not with deficiency of serum IgA
Authors: HEIKKILÄ MARJATTA , KOISTINEN JUKKA , LOHMAN MARTINA , KOSKIMIES SAIJA
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C typing was performed on 37 unrelated healthy blood donors with selective deficiency (<0.05 g/l) or total lack (<0.00002 g/l) of serum IgA. A significant increase in HLA‐B8 and A1 antigen frequency was found in the 15 individuals with lack of serum IgA. This was not observed among those 22, who had only deficiency of serum IgA (0.00002–0.05 g/l). The HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of 900 randomly selected healthy blood donors.

Increased frequency of HLA‐A1 and B8 in association with total lack of serum IgA, but not with deficiency has not been demonstrated before. On the basis of this result it seems conceivable that lack of serum IgA may be caused by a different, perhaps genetically determined, mechanism that IgA deficiency.
Study of the HLA system in the Haitian population
Authors: LIAU S. W. , MICKEY R. , ROMANO P. , LEE T. D.
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A and HLA‐B phenotypes of 329 unrelated Haitian adults were determined and gene and haplotype frequencies were estimated. A summary of the data is presented together with a brief comparison with American Black, American White, and African Black populations. HLA gene and haplotype frequencies of Haitians are quite similar to those for American Blacks. The frequency of Aw34 appears to be smaller in Haitians than in American and African Blacks. No statistically significant differences were found in the frequencies of B‐locus antigens.
Linkage and segregation analysis of HLA and congenital hypoaldosteronism due to corticosterone methyl‐oxydase deficiency type I and type II
Authors: Jongh B. M. de , Veldhuis J. D. , Drop S. L. S. , Nijenhuis L. E. , Dupont B.
Published: July 2010

To determine the genetic relations between HLA and deficiencies of steroidogenic enzymes other than 21‐hydroxylase, we investigated HLA and congenital hypoaldosteronism in two families with corticosterone methyl‐oxidase type 2 (CMO2) and one family with type 1 (CMO1) deficiency, respectively. Apart from a first documentation of HLA in CMO1 deficiency, our results, combined with those reported previously, excluded close linkage of HLA and CMO2 deficiency. However, loose linkage could not be encluded and the segregation of HLA haplotypes in sibships with CMO2 deficiency deviated significantly from random segregation. We suggest that HLA and CMO2 deficiency may not be independent.
Microplate enzyme immuno‐assay for detection of platelet antibodies
Authors: Taaning Ellen
Published: July 2010

A simplified and sensitive enzyme immuno‐assay employing microtiter plates as the solid phase carrier for detection of circulating platelet antibodies and bound antiplatelet IgG has been described.

The assay was done using fresh as well as frozen platelets and commercially available peroxidase labeled anti‐human IgG.

The sensitivity of the enzyme immuno‐assay was found similar or superior to that of the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test and superior to the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test and the platelet complement fixation test.

The use of platelets frozen in the wells of the microtiter plates (stored for up to 17 months at —20°C without loss of antigenicity) facilitates the performance of the test.

In addition the small volumes of sera and platelets needed in using microtiter plates makes the assay particularly suitable in testing platelets from thrombocytopenic patients.

In one of 31 sera from normal Zwa‐negative donors a weak anti‐Zwa (PIA1) was found only detectable by enzyme immuno‐assay.

Alloantibodies were found in 14 of 23 patients suffering from non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions.

All of three patients with post‐transfusion purpura had anti‐Zwa antibodies in serum.

Anti‐Zwa antibodies were demonstrated in the sera from all of 9 Zwa‐negative mothers, who had given birth to children with alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia.

In 8 of 12 Zwa‐positive mothers alloantibodies of other specificities were found in the serum. In one case the antibody was a known anti‐Baka.

Six of 7 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura had values of platelet‐bound IgG exceeding the normal range and circulating platelet antibodies were seen in 4 patients.
Evidence for the existence of HLA A11 subgroups in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Hawkins B. R.
Published: July 2010

A study of 771 consecutive blood samples from Hong Kong Chinese has shown the existence of two variants of HLA A11 which can be recognized by antisera of Chinese and other origins. The two variants, identified as HLA A11S (for Short) and HLA A11L (for Long) occurred in 6.4% and 45.9%, respectively, of the samples tested. 2.6% of the samples gave reactions consistent with the presence of both variants and in one case this could be verified by a family study. Segregation of the variants was evident in two other families.
HLA polymorphisms in Saudi Arabs
Authors: Ollier William , Doyle Pat , Alonso Antonio , Awad Juliette , Williams Eka , Gill Davinder , Welch Simon , Klouda Peter , Bacchus Robby , Festenstein Hilliard
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DR, Bf and GLO phenotypes of 109 unrelated Saudi Arab males have been determined. HLA‐A and ‐B antigen frequencies were compared with data reported for European Caucasoids and various Arab populations. Most similarities in antigen frequencies were seen between Saudi Arab and Iraqi populations. A high frequency of Bw50 was observed in Saudi Arabs. The frequencies of HLA‐DR antigens in Saudi Arabs were compared to European Caucasoids. HLA‐DR7 was at high frequency in Saudi Arabs. Linkage disequilibria between alleles of HLA loci was examined. Many instances of previously reported antigen associations were seen in Saudi Arabs, together with a number of associations which have not been described elsewhere. HLA‐Cw6‐Bw50‐DR7‐BfS0.7 is suggested as being a common haplotype in Saudi Arabs.
HLA in families with Down's syndrome children
Authors: Soubiran P. , Benzaken S. , Piereschi J. , Ferrari M. , Lambert J. C. , Ayraud N.
Published: July 2010

Thirty couples having a DS child were typed for HLA‐A and B antigens and compared to twenty control families and 176 blood donors. Although differences in frequency of B antigens exist between DS families and controls, they are not significant after correction for the number of antigens tested. No excessive HLA sharing was found in DS parents contrarily to two previous studies (Mattironi et al. 1981, Aymé et al. 1983).
Is the Leuocyte group‐5a antigen associated with reduced NK cell function?
Authors: Warren Reed P. , Lum Lawrence G. , Storb Rainer
Published: July 2010

The leukocyte group‐5a antigen has an increased frequency in lymphoid malignancy. We have investigated the possibility that expression of this antigen is associated with diminished or reduced natural killer function since natural killer cells are believed to represent a vital component of protection against developing malignancy. Natural killer function of a group of 18 subjects who expressed the group‐5a antigen on their cells was substantially lower than that of a group of 24 subjects who did not express 5a.
HLA antigens in hemophiliacs A with or without factor VIII antibodies in a Venezuelan Mestizo population
Authors: Simonney N. , Bosch N. De , Argueyo A. , Garcia E. , Layrisse Z.
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐eight unrelated hemophilia A patients, seven of them with anti‐factor VIII antibodies were typed for HLA‐A, B, C antigens and 25 of them for HLA‐DR. The results show a significant difference in HLA‐DR4 frequency between hemophiliacs with antibodies who lack this antigen and hemophiliacs without antibodies, in whom HLA‐DR4 is increased as compared to a healthy control series. This data suggests that DR4 may be associated with a factor preventing anti‐factor VIII immunization.
Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells (TEC). VIII: γ interferon induced Ia antigen expression on TEC cultures
Authors: Salamero Jean , Michel‐Bechet Marc , Wietzerbin Jeanne , Charreire Jeannine
Published: July 2010

We previously reported that the expression of Ia antigens on cultured monolayers of murine thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) occurred with a particular distribution exclusively on the basal part of the cultured thyroid cells, while class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and thyroglobulin (Tg) are only detected on the apical surface. It appears that, 24 to 48 h after the deposition of syngeneic lymphocytes, Ia antigens are expressed on the apical side of cultured TEC, i.e. the surface that bears Tg and is in direct contact with the responder lymphocytes during syngeneic sensitization of T lymphocytes. We hypothesized that this phenomenon could represent, in syngeneic situations, the restriction process in antigen recognition by T cells, as demonstrated by I‐A restricted primary syngeneic sensitization (PSS) on murine TEC.

Moreover, we found that the addition of either PSS supernatants or γ interferon (γ IFN) to monolayers of TEC induced the expression of Ia antigens on the apical cell surface of these TEC cultures 24 to 48 h later.

Taken together our data demonstrate that during the first hours of PSS, class II antigen and Tg are expressed on murine TEC cultures. This simultaneous expression of these antigens explains the strict in vitro I‐A restricted PSS we previously observed.
Interdependent membrane mobility of human MHC coded antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes on class I and II molecules
Authors: Neppert Jurgen , Mueller‐eckhardt Christian
Published: July 2010

Binding of monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to human MHC coded class I antigens, w6.32HL or 61D2, specifically leads to clustering of these antigens and their assembly at one polar site on a cell, whereby these class I antigens tow class II‐anti‐gens with them into the polar cap revealing preexisting or arising molecular complexes in the membrane of the living cell. These class II antigens included DR (seen by MAB 2MC3, L203, L227, I‐LR2, 109d6, SFR‐3) and DQ (seen by Genox 3.53 and IVD12). In analogous cocapping experiments employing MAB to various class II antigens, interdependent surface mobility (bidirectional cocapping) could be demonstrated between DRw52 (MT2, seen by I‐LR2) and DQw3 (MB3, seen by IVD12) as well as between DRw53 (MT3, seen by 109d6) and DQw3. There was incomplete interdependence between DRw52 or DRw53, respectively, and other DR antigens (seen by L227). These latter antigens were independent from DQ (seen b Genox 3.53 or IVD12). Analyzing pairs of monoclonal antibodies with various specificities to determinants on class I or II molecules a frequent finding was unidirectional cocapping: here a first antibody cocapped epitopes seen by a second, but this antibody did not cocap epitopes seen by the first. We conclude that epitopes are irregularly distributed on MHC coded molecules or on complexes of these molecules.
The human leucocyte P30 antigen: properties and assessment of value as a clonal marker
Authors: Zola H. , Moore H. A. , Hunter I. K. , Hohmann A. , Mcnamara P. J. , Bradley J. , Mum P. , Morley A. , Melo J. V. , Catovsky D.
Published: July 2010

FMC3 and FMC29 are monoclonal antibodies which react with a 30,000 Dalton molecule expressed on the lymphocyte surface membrane. The molecule is a protein which does not appear to be N‐glycosylated. The antigen, which is also expressed intracellularly, does not appear to be a marker of differentiation or maturation. Polyclonal cell populations, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, show a bimodal distribution of surface antigen density, whilst monoclonal cell populations analysed quantitatively showed unimodal antigen density distributions. This suggests the antigen may be a clonal marker.
Investigations into the principles underlying the automatic reading of tissue typing plates by double fluorochromasia*
Authors: van Lambalgen Rob , Bradley B. A.
Published: July 2010

The potential advantages of automated microscopy for reading tissue typing results are accuracy and speed. A technique which depends on fluorescence emission of both Carboxy fluorescein (CF) in live cells and Propidium Iodine (PI) in dead cells has been developed. Factors which influence the data have been investigated and appropriate mathematical corrections proposed. A practical guide is given in an appendix.