bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of sustainable development environmental aspects and project approach
Authors: Kataeva Natalia , Sysolyatin Alexey , Feoktistova Oksana , Starkova Darya
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the environmental aspects of sustainable regional and macroeconomic development, as well as the impact of environmental factors and national environmental projects. The essence of the concept of sustainable development of economic entities in a broad sense is to ensure stable growth of indicators in the environmental, social and economic spheres in the long term. Based on the analysis of the list of indicators of sustainable development, the increasing role of the environmental component is shown. We have identified particularly acute environmental problems that hinder effective sustainable development both at the micro-level (of the organization) and at the macro-level in the whole country and the global community. Based on the calculation of the nature protection, socio-ecological and industrial-ecological indices, the consolidated environmental rating and the place of the Kirov region is determined in it. The analysis of the results of research and the opinions of the World Economic Forum experts on the problems of global threats showed the timeliness and relevance of the national project “Ecology” being implemented in Russia, as well as measures of environmental support and planned environmental projects in the Kirov region. The implementation of the planned measures will activate the catalysts of sustainable development and reduce the risks of negative impact on the environment.
Optimizing the energy efficiency of higher education institutions
Authors: Sergeev Sergey , Barykin Sergey , Kalinina Olga , Naumova Elena , Dedyukhina Natalia , Dmitrieva Tatiana
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of research conducted at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University within the framework of the innovative business incubator and aimed at forming a cross-system approach to energy consumption management. The authors consider the features being typical for most educational institutions, regardless of the profile and specifics. Constant components of energy consumption are taken into account, such as outdoor lighting, scientific equipment, security systems, fire extinguishing systems, equipment of the dining room and buffet, and engineering services. The basis is a mathematical model that allows not only to describe the processes, but also to apply the methods of optimization theory and develop software for effective management of engineering equipment. The authors have used a search method based on the analysis of nonlinear functions. With the purpose of the research, an application with an extension for finding solutions to optimization problems was used in the free software package with the Linux kernel.
Impact of human capital on sustainable development of Russia in digitalization environment
Authors: Medennikov Victor , Kokuytseva Tatiana , Ovchinnikova Oksana , Shimansky Alexey
Published: March 2021

Studies of human capital at the present stage of human development are extremely relevant, since at present human capital is steadily transforming from a factor of economic development into a target for its sustainable development. The paper proposes the basic tool i.e. a new mathematical model for assessing the impact of human capital on social well-being and development of Russian society. It uses the interdependencies among the criteria of human capital and general development. The tool proposed in paper will be powerful for improving and increasing the quality of human capital, improving the social welfare of society, bringing the most effective innovative solutions to the economy. The Human Capital can be assessed in particular by publications, proceedings, and other types of knowledge representation on the websites. And also all this materials can be automatically placed in other databases, including in Elibrary which can also be a parameter of a model. The assessments of the impact of human capital on social well-being and the development of regions and countries can be obtained automatically on-line.
Labour safety culture as a value orientation in the agro-specialist’s professional profile
Authors: Gritsay Dmitry , Ivashova Valentina , Shvetsov Igor , Sozaev Azamat , Batov Aleksey
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the relevance of labour safety issues in modern agricultural production and its importance in the value orientations and professional competencies of agricultural specialists. A review of scientific articles is carried out to determine the key tracks of the discourse and analyze approaches to understanding labour safety by the professional community of agricultural specialists and scientists representing various subject areas of knowledge. We show the data of a survey of agricultural specialists in the south of Russia in the areas of agro-engineering, agronomy, plant protection, veterinary medicine and animal science, as well as a survey of employees of enterprises of the Stavropol Territory in rural and urban areas. The culture of labour safety as the value orientation of agricultural specialists is formed in the process of developing professional competence in the system of agricultural education and is supported in the production activities of agricultural enterprises through institutional mechanisms, corporate culture, requirements of technological processes.
Targeted admission as a mechanism for HR formation in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Khokhlova Elena , Ivashova Valentina , Malkarova Rahima , Polezhaeva Tatiana , Solovyev Andrey
Published: March 2021

The article describes the targeted admission in the system of higher agricultural education in Russia as an institutional mechanism for the reproduction of the personnel potential of the country’s agro-industrial complex. The problem of reproduction of specialists in the agrarian sector has a deep contradiction and is characteristic not only for Russia or its individual regions, but at the global level. The empirical part of the study was carried out by the method of statistical analysis of data on the quality of targeted admission in the system of higher agricultural education in Russia in 2020. The article contains the characteristic of targeted admission in the system of agricultural education as an institutional mechanism for the reproduction of the personnel potential of the industry: all agricultural universities comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, carrying out the admission of applicants for targeted training; customers are local authorities, state authorities of the regions, state enterprises; employers are mainly business entities of the agro-industrial complex; for the period 2018-2020 the admission of applicants to targeted training in agricultural universities decreased by 37.4% due to the reduction in the targeted figures for general admission and low interest of applicants; for training programs for highly qualified personnel, the quotas for the study period were filled from 12.5% to 22.5%. Conclusion: the targeted method in the system of higher agricultural education of the Russian Federation as an institutional mechanism does not fulfil the assigned tasks and requires improvement.
The formation algorithm of social-projected competences of experts in ecology
Authors: Butchenko Taras , Kapritsyn Igor , Yahodzinskyi Serhii , Kurhuzenkova Liudmila
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the algorithm of formation of social and project competencies of ecologists as a basis for the development of appropriate training programs. For this purpose, the analysis of process of social and ecological designing in which value- willed, conceptual and normative-administrative stages are allocated is carried out. Accordingly, the content of social and project competencies of experts in ecology is determined, and the programming of the formation of social and project competence of experts in ecology is reoriented to the development of the ability of experts in ecology: 1) identify and articulate the deep integrated socio-ecological interests of a particular community; 2) to substantiate the social-project idea as an explanation of the laws of translational social transformations of the natural environment; 3) to overcome the dogmatism of outdated linguistic non-normative forms, and instead to be able to discover new social and project eco-meanings in them.
Information keys of the education system
Authors: Tkachev Valentin
Published: March 2021

The progress of a technical civilization as a product of the development of social mentality is based on the synthesis of three components: a pair of respondents connected by means of communication - which in general is a single historically formed aggregate of cultural progress. The mechanism of action of this aggregate: the first respondent, who has accumulated the potential for useful achievements, transmits information through direct and feedback channels to the second respondent, who implements the received information about achievements, sending signals to the first to request updates and improvement of activity. The phenomenon of the evolutionary ladder is formed, the steps of which are the progress of civilization, imitated in a playful form by the educational system that supplies the society with trained specialists. Ideally, a professional school of the middle and higher levels is focused on the production of personnel with developed creative inclinations. However, in practice, special educational institutions produce specialists who are mainly ready for reproductive work. And only a small proportion of graduates, immediately after graduation or after working in the field of routine production, reveal their creative and organizational potential. The introduction of electronic information technology into education, furthermore stimulated by the requirements of self-isolation due to the pandemic, brings the problems of distance learning to the surface of professional education.
Sustainable Development of the Labor Market in the European North of the Russian Federation
Authors: Pushkareva Lyudmila , Pushkarev Mikhail
Published: March 2021

The economy of the European North of the Russian Federation is predominantly based on the use of natural resources. The mining complex remains the leading one in its structure. Its specialization focused on the production of raw materials and the export of products with low added value increases the dependence of the socio-economic situation on the conditions in world commodity and raw materials markets. The economies of the regions under consideration have some common features: the economies are export-oriented. Consequently, the economy depends on world prices for relevant products, conditions in world markets, and a number of political factors. The work revealed a change in the amount of labor force in recent years, assessed structural changes in the economy that affect the dynamics of employment and the level of qualifications. The quality of life of the population in the regions of the European North of Russia is also assessed in this paper.
The fate of groundwater: a lawyer’s point of view
Authors: Sivakov Dmitry , Truntsevsky Yury , Osokin Roman , Belyasov Sergey , Karpovich Oleg
Published: March 2021

The study of the provisions of various branches of Russian law and practice of law enforcement (judicial), which in different ways express the complex legal status of subterranean water bodies. During the study process of the considered question the following general and private methods of scientific cognition of the real and objective reality were applied: dialectical, logical and legal, statistical, system analysis, specific sociological, and professional methods of research. The peculiarity of the authors’ methodology is the use of data of natural science, as well as data of economic or technical properties, based on which legal ideas are developed. The comparative legal method of research is applied. The authors have analyzed, summarized, and synthesized the main approaches to the legal regulation of relations concerning groundwaters. The main provisions and proposals are compared with the domestic legislation and European Union law, its individual members (for example, Croatia). The example of the law of the state of Texas USA is given. Step by step, the legal status for the use and protection of subterranean water bodies has evolved into a qualitatively new phenomenon that absorbs all previous legal approaches and principles.
Environmental law and the essence of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment: structural analysis
Authors: Golovastova Yulia , Prikhozhaya Ludmila
Published: March 2021

The article examines existing approaches and different opinions of scholars-penitentiaries regarding the legal nature of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment. The legal analysis of positions of scholars in the field of criminal executive law, who investigated the essence of separation of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment in various aspects, made it possible to highlight following approaches: 1) principle of institution of execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment; 2) means of ensuring the regime; 3) condition for implementation of principle of differentiation; 4) special classification issue; 5) type of classification; 6) intrageneric institution; 7) criminal-executive means of preventing crimes in correctional institutions. The authors come to the conclusion that separation of convicts is an inter-sectoral institution (in a broad sense), and also belongs to the category of internal penal means (in a narrow sense). Arguing this point of view, the general constant and special features of legal institutions and legal means and their application to the subject of research are considered. The authors identify and substantiate the main tasks of separation of prisoners and its functions, which are an external manifestation of its essence and determine the social and legal purpose, functional connection with other phenomena. As a result of study of the legal nature, the author’s definition of separate maintenance of those sentenced to imprisonment is proposed, its goals are highlighted and argued.
Environmental law and structural analysis of national ombudsman activities in ensuring rights in penitentiary sphere
Authors: Olenev Mikhail
Published: March 2021

The article discusses legal basis for organizing the activities of the Ombudsman (Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation) with the penitentiary system in the field of ensuring human rights, makes a structural analysis of the subject of incoming appeals to the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation, and also highlights the main areas of interaction in the field of ensuring human rights. In connection with the humanization of criminal and criminal-executive policy of Russia, the number of convicts has significantly decreased, material and household and medical support has improved, etc. As of August 1, 2020, 496 791 people were kept in the institutions of penitentiary system. (minus 27,137 people compared to 01.01.2020). At the same time, some problems regarding the protection of rights of suspects, accused, and convicted persons in the penal system continue to exist. The search for ways to improve penal system, its social reorientation and humanization determine the appeal to a new type of control over the observance of rights and legitimate interests of both convicts and employees of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia - the institution of Ombudsman in Russian Federation, since problems related to observance of human rights in this area can accumulate for a long time, however, negative consequences of their non-resolution will further affect society and the state as a whole. The interaction of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation and the penal system is manifested primarily in the field of ensuring human rights.
Professional culture forming process by penal system students (pedagogical, psychological and environmental aspects)
Authors: Yunusov Abduljabar , Yunusov Muslim , Olenev Michael
Published: March 2021

The penitentiary system puts forward special requirements for students and to the level of their professional culture. The specificity of penal system imposes the fulfillment of certain specific tasks on cadets. It determines the main directions of formation of a students’ professional culture. The current state and development of penitentiary system of Russian Federation dictates the need for future specialists to master a complex of certain knowledge, skills and abilities that allow them to effectively fulfill office tasks. The peculiarity of conditions of activity of penal system employees is also associated with the fact that they constantly have to deal with persons associated with criminal activity. In the process of penal system employees training, emphasis is placed on the development of professional, spiritual, moral and cultural values. The key condition for achieving law and order in society and institutions of penitentiary system and reducing social tension is the organization of process of forming the professional culture of students in the penitentiary sphere.
Implementation of digital signature technology to improve the interaction in company
Authors: Khrykova Anastasia , Bolsunovskaya Marina , Shirokova Svetlana , Novopashenny Andrey
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the business process of reconciling a memo and improving it using digital signature technology. The technology of business process modeling is applied. Business process models are constructed for their analysis and improvement. The AS-IS and TO-BE process was modeled, the general requirements for the digital signature module were identified, and the possibility of introducing this module into the existing electronic document management system was considered. The features of the project for the oil and gas industry are considered. The necessity of implementing the technology is justified and the effectiveness of its application is shown. The project of introduction of digital signature technology is considered. The goals, tasks, and stages of the project are defined. The advantages of using this technology are described. An important conclusion is made that a digital signature allows you to free up resources for solving key tasks of the company.
Ecological cases of the ECtHR and the environmental risk of GMO
Authors: Trikoz Elena , Gulyaeva Elena
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to consider the guarantees of protection of such a fundamental human right of the fourth generation as the right to a healthy and quality environment. The authors focus on the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in environmental matters in cases. The article touches upon the States’ positive obligations in particular the obligation to provide access to essential information enabling individuals to assess risks to their health. The research framework includes a discussion from a human rights perspective (the right to a healthy and quality environment). We consider the criterion of relevance (applicability) environmental cases where the pollution is directly caused by the state or when state responsibility arises from a failure to regulate adequately the private sector. Particular focus is placed on the category of Russian cases related to plants operation and above the norm air emissions as well as to the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster. The article analyzes the EU policy regarding the regulation of production and turnover of products containing genetically modified organisms. With regard to environmental protection, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights stipulates that a high level of environmental protection and environmental quality improvement should be integrated into EU policies and guaranteed in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. It was found that in the EU legislation and judicial practice on biotechnology and food safety, there is a rigid line of regulation of the production and circulation of products containing GMOs.
Coercive measure-sequestration for environmental crime
Authors: Berestova-Gadilia Ketevan
Published: March 2021

In general there are no many scientific papers on coercive measures determined under Criminal Procedural Code of Georgia. Though, based on aforesaid issue we may not state that aforesaid issues were not subject of controversy and does not include disputable opinions. In this scientific article the author represents legal aspects of sequestration - one of the measures of criminal procedural enforcement. Namely, based on active legislation the author in the article mainly considers essence, importance and application criteria of sequestration as a measure of criminal procedural enforcement. The article also considers achieved and possible results of sequestration as a coercive and enforcement measures and importance of aforesaid results. Article is composed of introduction, three parts and conclusion. Introduction of article refers special recommendation approved by Council of Europe Committee of Ministers in September 17, 1987 under that Parliament of Georgia approved Criminal Procedural Code of Georgia through the third hearing that entered into force from October 10, 2010. Contents of article generally refer legal regulation of sequestration, also emphasizing criteria of tax liability at the time of tax dispute and power criteria of tax authority during the specific tax dispute, also here are reviewed issues of enforcement measures related to disputable tax liability by applying coercive measures under the basis of decision of first instance court.
Les gènes du visage
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: March 2021

Face shape is genetically determined, but the underlying genetic architecture is complex, and precise definition of facial structures is essential for any serious study. Recent work, based on objective definition of facial segments and GWAS analyses of thousands of participants, defines a large number of loci (> 100) influencing face shape and begin to allow in-depth analysis of this complex morphological structure.
Modélisation de la barrière de filtration glomérulaire
Authors: Dembele Mahamadou , Delafosse Marion , Yousfi Nadhir , Debiec Hanna , Ngo Kieu , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Ronco Pierre , Perry Guillaume
Published: March 2021

Nous présentons, dans cette revue, les dernières avancées concernant la modélisationin vitrode la barrière de filtration glomérulaire. Ces systèmes, permettant de réduire l’utilisation des modèles animaux, connaissent un intérêt croissant et bénéficient du développement de nos connaissances des cellules souches et de la bioingénierie. Nous discuterons les limites des modèles cellulaires glomérulaires actuels et nous introduirons les méthodes permettant d’obtenir des cellules glomérulaires à partir des cellules souches. Enfin, nous discuterons de l’importance du microenvironnement dans le maintien du phénotype, quels que soient les systèmes utilisés tels que la co-culture, les biomatériaux ou la microfluidique.
Du criblage à haut contenu à la déconvolution de cibles
Authors: Shabajee Preety , Gaudeau Albane , Legros Céline , Dorval Thierry , Stéphan Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2021

L’avènement de la biologie moléculaire et l’achèvement du séquençage du génome humain ont conduit l’industrie pharmaceutique à progressivement implémenter des approches dites cible-centriques pour identifier les candidats médicaments. Cependant, la faible productivité de la recherche et du développement en ce début de millénaire, combinée aux évolutions technologiques dans des domaines tels que l’ingénierie cellulaire, le criblage à haut contenu, la robotique, l’analyse d’images et l’intelligence artificielle, ont nourri un fort regain d’intérêt pour les approches phénotypiques. De plus en plus fréquemment, les approches cible-centriques et phénotypiques sont considérées de façon complémentaire, positionnant ainsi les techniques de déconvolution de cible sur le chemin critique de la découverte et du développement de médicaments. Cette revue analyse l’évolution des approches cible-centriques versus phénotypiques, en se focalisant plus particulièrement sur le criblage à haut contenu et les différentes techniques de déconvolution de cible aujourd’hui disponibles.
Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung: Ergebnisse der repräsentativen Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsstudie (KiGGS Welle 2)
Authors: Karg Stephanie , Rathmann Katharina , Dadaczynski Kevin
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund und Ziel Kinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung zählen zu einer vulnerablen Bevölkerungsgruppe. Bislang liegen für Deutschland allerdings wenige Erkenntnisse zum Vergleich der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung und krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung vor.

Methodik Als Datenbasis diente die KiGGS-Welle 2 des Robert Koch-Instituts aus den Jahren 2014–2017. In die Auswertung wurden mithilfe der Elternbefragung insgesamt 11 830 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 3–17 Jahren und 5222 Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 11–17 Jahren mittels Selbsturteil einbezogen. Als Outcomes der psychischen Gesundheit wurden psychische Auffälligkeiten (SDQ, Elternurteil) und die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (Kidscreen, Selbsturteil) herangezogen. Neben univariaten Häufigkeitsauswertungen wurden bivariate Analysen mittels Kreuztabellen mit Chi²-Signifikanzprüfung und multivariate Analysen mittels binär-logistischer Regression durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Bei 16,5% der 3- bis 17-jährigen Kinder und Jugendlichen berichten die Eltern psychische Auffälligkeiten im grenzwertigen oder auffälligen Bereich. Eine niedrige gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität berichten 48,4% der befragten Kinder und Jugendlichen im Alter von 11–17 Jahren. Kinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung und Einschränkung weisen eine signifikant höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit für psychische Auffälligkeiten (OR: 5,11) und für eine niedrige gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (OR: 1,50) auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen einen Handlungsbedarf zur Stärkung der psychischen Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung und/oder krankheitsbedingter Einschränkung. Hierbei nehmen die Bildungs- und Erziehungssettings Kindergarten und Schule eine hohe Bedeutung ein.
Intraoperative Impedance Planimetry (ENDOFLIP)
Authors: Wu Hoover , Ujiki Michael
Published: March 2021

The Endoluminal Functional Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) impedance planimetry system provides real-time three-dimensional images of gastrointestinal sphincters of interest, particularly the esophagogastric junction. This allows for real-time objective measurements during the surgical management of foregut diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia. Literature continues to grow on how to best utilize this recent technology to improve patient outcomes. This outlines the intraoperative utilization of EndoFLIP.
Long-Term Outcomes of POEM for Primary Esophageal Motility Disorders
Authors: Tat Christine , Kroh Matthew
Published: March 2021

Since peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) emerged in 2010 as a treatment for achalasia, more than 7,000 procedures have been performed in the world. The main indication for POEM continues to be achalasia, which is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and aperistalsis. POEM has also been applied in other types of primary esophageal motility disorders. Short-term outcomes indicate that POEM has comparable results to laparoscopic Heller myotomy in terms of efficacy and safety. Studies show decrease in Eckardt scores after POEM as a reflection of symptomatic relief. Now, a decade after its introduction, long-term data have emerged for POEM and demonstrates that POEM remains effective and safe. Both POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy are associated with postinterventional gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Antireflux mechanisms are disrupted during the procedures. However, the rate of GERD is higher after POEM than with laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is commonly performed with a partial fundoplication to reduce antireflux, but POEM is not typically combined with an antireflux procedure. Further studies should examine the long-term effects of postinterventional GERD.
Development of membrane-insertable lipid scrambling peptides: A time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering study
Authors: Nakao Hiroyuki , Kimura Yusuke , Sakai Ami , Ikeda Keisuke , Nakano Minoru
Published: March 2021

Phospholipid transbilayer movement (flip-flop) in the plasma membrane is regulated by membrane proteins to maintain cell homeostasis and interact with other cells. The promotion of flip-flop by phospholipid scramblases causes the loss of membrane lipid asymmetry, which is involved in apoptosis, blood coagulation, and viral infection. Therefore, compounds that can artificially control flip-flop in the plasma membrane are of biological and medical interest. Here, we have developed lipid scrambling transmembrane peptides that can be inserted into the membrane. Time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering measurements revealed that the addition of peptides containing a glutamine residue at the center of the hydrophobic sequence to lipid vesicles induces the flip-flop of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Peptides without the glutamine residue had no effect on the flip-flop. Because the glutamine-containing peptides exhibited scramblase activity in monomeric form, the polar glutamine residue would be exposed to the hydrocarbon region of the membrane, perturbing the membrane and promoting the lipid flip-flop. These scrambling peptides would be valuable tools to regulate lipid flip-flop in the plasma membrane.
Superconductivity in type-II Weyl-semimetal WTe2 induced by a normal metal contact
Authors: Kononov Artem , Endres Martin , Abulizi Gulibusitan , Qu Kejian , Yan Jiaqiang , Mandrus David G. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Schönenberger Christian
Published: March 2021

WT e 2 is a material with rich topological properties: it is a 2D topological insulator as a monolayer and a Weyl-semimetal and higher-order topological insulator in a bulk form. Inducing superconductivity in topological materials is a way to obtain topological superconductivity, which lays at the foundation for many proposals of fault tolerant quantum computing. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of superconductivity at the interface between WTe2 and the normal metal palladium. The superconductivity has a critical temperature of about 1.2 K. By studying the superconductivity in a perpendicular magnetic field, we obtain the coherence length and the London penetration depth. These parameters correspond to a low Fermi velocity and a high density of states at the Fermi level. This hints to a possible origin of superconductivity due to the formation of flatbands. Furthermore, the critical in-plane magnetic field exceeds the Pauli limit, suggesting a non-trivial nature of the superconducting state.
Effects of collision-enhanced charging on dust crystal
Authors: Wilson Althea , Shotorban Babak
Published: March 2021

Numerical simulations of monolayer dust crystals in a radio frequency (RF) complex plasma were performed to examine the crystal structure and quantify the effects of including the collision-enhanced ion current in the charging model. A gaseous electronics conference (GEC) cell similar to a previous experimental work was modeled for a range of RF voltages, using a continuum description for the plasma and a particle description for dust grains. The time history of each dust grain was monitored. The dust charge was computed using both the orbital motion limited and the collision-enhanced charging (CEC) model applicable to the sheath region. The dust model accounted for the electric force, ion drag force, neutral drag force, gravity, and the ion wake. The CEC model produced a lower charge and lower electric force which agreed better with the experimental data. Then dust crystals composed of 40–100 grains were modeled and the levitation height and inter-particle spacing of the resulting crystals was examined. Including the collision-enhanced current reduced the inter-particle spacing but only had a minor effect on the levitation height.
A new kinematic criterion for vortex ring pinch-off
Authors: Krieg Michael , Mohseni Kamran
Published: March 2021

This study lays out a methodology whereby conditions necessary for a vortex ring to separate from the shear flow can be identified by a relationship between characteristic velocities of the jet and the vortex ring along the axis of symmetry. This criterion identifies pinch-off to take place when the velocity induced at the origin of the forming vortex ring surpasses the maximum feeding velocity along the centerline, defined to be twice the piston velocity. A strategy for determining these characteristic velocities purely from the jet driving programs (i.e., without direct knowledge of the state of the leading vortex ring) is presented. A variety of jet driving conditions, including different nozzle geometries (converging radial velocity) and different jet velocity programs, are examined to validate the relationship between pinch-off and the characteristic velocities. These parameters are examined and adjusted independently of each other so that the effect of each jetting parameter can be observed independently. Nozzles which induce a converging radial velocity decrease the jet formation number to approximately two (for nearly constant velocity programs), due to the large increase in vorticity flux without increasing volume flux. Accelerating the jet velocity to compensate for the growing vortex ring substantially increases the formation number of both parallel and converging jet flows. The new centerline velocity criterion coincided very closely with vortex ring pinch-off for all cases tested, validating this criterion as a predictive tool.
An optically heated atomic source for compact ion trap vacuum systems
Authors: Gao S. , Hughes W. J. , Lucas D. M. , Ballance T. G. , Goodwin J. F.
Published: March 2021

We present a design for an atomic oven suitable for loading ion traps, which is operated via optical heating with a continuous-wave multimode diode laser. The absence of the low-resistance electrical connections necessary for Joule heating allows the oven to be extremely well thermally isolated from the rest of the vacuum system. Extrapolating from high-flux measurements of an oven filled with calcium, we calculate that a target region number density of 100 cm−3, suitable for rapid ion loading, will be produced with 175(10) mW of heating laser power, limited by radiative losses. With simple feedforward to the laser power, the turn-on time for the oven is 15 s. Our measurements indicate that an oven volume 1000 times smaller could still hold enough source metal for decades of continuous operation.
The molecular explanation for polyacrylamide viscosity reduction in high-salinity formation-water
Authors: Yang Shu , Ma Tao , He Yingfu , Su Xin
Published: March 2021

Many oilfields report that the viscosity of polymers in high-salinity reservoirs will decrease significantly. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the molecular configuration and network of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) molecules in high-salinity formation-water and the viscosity changes from the microscopic dense to dilute phase. In addition, the viscosity of HPAM/formation-water solution was measured to verify and compare with simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that the molecular network of the microscopic dense phase is essential for the apparent viscosity. The calculated apparent viscosity could decrease 37% as the net-shape molecular network of the microscopic dense phase is broken by calcium ions, which is similar to our experimental results. This paper improved our understanding of the mechanisms of polymer viscosity alteration in high-salinity formation-water and provided insights that can be used to improve the strategy of enhanced polymer flooding and the novel polymer gel formula.
Dispersion analysis of a two-dimensional metastable metastructure considering damping and nonlinear effects
Authors: Liu Xiang , Cai Guoping , Wang K. W.
Published: March 2021

Because of its remarkable dispersion properties, wave propagation in periodical elastic metamaterials and metastructures has attracted serious attention. Metastable metastructure, whose mechanical properties can be tuned by internal reconfiguring and metastable states switching, could be a promising candidate to achieve tunable band structures. However, in previous studies, only linear dispersion analyses of multistable/metastable structure were performed, and the effect of damping was not considered. In this research, dispersion properties of a two-dimensional metastable metastructure considering the damping and nonlinear effects are investigated. By using the perturbation method, nonlinear dispersion relation of the metastable structure is derived analytically. Results show that, by switching the internal configuration of the metastable structure, band structure can be tuned significantly, and new partial and complete passbands are created. Damping will cause a downward shift to the frequency branches of the band structures, stiffness-proportional damping will mainly affect the optical modes (higher frequency branches), while mass-proportional damping will mainly affect the acoustic modes (lower frequency branches). Nonlinearity will increase the frequencies of optical modes; however, it will have a little effect on the acoustic modes. The insights and reasons of these newly observed phenomena are discussed.
Edge turbulence velocity preceding the L-H transition in NSTX
Authors: Zweben S. J. , Diallo A. , Lampert M. , Stoltzfus-Dueck T. , Banerjee S.
Published: March 2021

The low-to-high mode or L-H transition in tokamaks involves a sudden reduction in the edge turbulence level and a decrease in the edge plasma transport. The mechanism for the L-H transition is widely believed to be associated with changes in the poloidally averaged poloidal turbulence velocity. Using a gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic, the poloidally averaged poloidal turbulence velocity ⟨Vpol⟩pol was measured for a set of 16 shots with L-H transitions in NSTX. These measurements were focused –2 cm inside the separatrix where the relative fluctuation level as seen in GPI decreases significantly and consistently at the transition. The magnitude of this poloidal velocity preceding the transition varied widely, ranging from |Vpol| ∼ 1–4 km/s during the last 1 ms before the transition, and the magnitude of the radial gradient also had a wide shot-to-shot range of |grad Vpol| ∼ 0.34 to 1.9 km/s cm during this same time. The frequency spectrum of ⟨Vpol⟩pol during the 30 ms before the transition had a near-coherent peak at ∼2–5 kHz, but only in about half of these shots. In general, there were no clear and consistent changes in the poloidal velocity of the turbulence preceding the L-H transition in this database.
Function optimization of diffusive nanotriangles in random lasers
Authors: Nikkhah Mohsen , Hosseini Alast Fatemeh , Baradaran Ghasemi Amir H. , Latifi Hamid
Published: March 2021

The random laser has the potential to be replaced with the conventional cavity laser for abundant nanophotonics applications. For this purpose, it is essential to investigate the effect of using different materials as the diffusive medium in the random laser. We theoretically studied two groups of diffusive nanoparticles with some common materials used in the random lasers: metals (Au, Ag, Al) and dielectrics (TiO2, Si, GaAs). First, we compared the random lasing behavior with metal and dielectric triangle/sphere nanoparticles through the scattering cross section calculations. Then, the physical characteristics of triangle/sphere nanoparticles of both categories were investigated, resulting in the optimum scattering condition for the nanoparticles. Noteworthy, we have supposed that the triangle nanoparticles are made with colloidal lithography and randomly distributed in Rhodamine 6G as a gain medium for all simulations. We investigated that aluminum and titanium dioxide are good scatterers to interact with the gain medium over the photoluminescence emission spectrum. This study paves the way to design a more effective and applicable random laser for many potential applications.
Calibration of Manganin pressure gauge for diamond-anvil cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Cheng Hu , Zhou Xuefeng , Yan Xiaozhi , Wang Lingfei , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin
Published: March 2021

Pressure calibration for most diamond-anvil cell (DAC) experiments is mainly based on the ruby scale, which is key to implementing this powerful tool for high-pressure study. However, the ruby scale can often hardly be used for programmably controlled DAC devices, especially the piezoelectric-driving cells, where a continuous pressure calibration is required. In this work, we present an effective pressure gauge for DACs made of Manganin metal based on the four-probe resistivity measurements. Pressure dependence of its resistivity is well established and shows excellent linear relations in the 0–30 GPa pressure range with a slope of 23.4 (9) GPa for the first-cycle compression, in contrast to that of multiple-cycle compression and decompression having a nearly identical slope of 33.7 (4) GPa likely due to the strain effect. In addition, the such-established Manganin scale can be used for continuously monitoring the cell pressure of piezoelectric-driving DACs, and the reliability of this method is also verified by the fixed-point method with a Bi pressure standard. Realization of continuous pressure calibration for programmably controlled DACs would offer many opportunities for the study of dynamics, kinetics, and critical behaviors of pressure-induced phase transitions.
Actuation of cylindrical nematic elastomer balloons
Authors: Lee Victoria , Bhattacharya Kaushik
Published: March 2021

Nematic elastomers are programmable soft materials that display large, reversible, and predictable deformation under an external stimulus such as a change in temperature or light. While much of the work in the field has focused on actuation from flat sheets, recent advances in 3D printing and other methods of directed synthesis have motivated the study of actuation of curved shells. Snap-through buckling has been a topic of particular interest. In this work, we present theoretical calculations to motivate another mode of actuation that combines programmable soft materials as well as instabilities associated with large deformation. Specifically, we analyze the deformation of a cylindrical shell of a patterned nematic elastomer under pressure, show that it can undergo an enormous change of volume with changing temperature and suggest its application as a pump with extremely high ejection fraction.
Characteristics of the flow structures through and around a submerged canopy patch
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Huai Wenxin , Ji Bin
Published: March 2021

The flow around submerged canopy patches with finite sizes plays a critical role in the sediment deposition and vegetation evolution. In this study, the submerged canopy patch was modeled as a porous array with a diameter D and a height h consisting of N rigid cylinder elements with a diameter d and exposed to a fully developed turbulent open channel flow with a depth H. High-resolution numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of array density (0.021 ≤ Φ = Nd2/D2 ≤ 1) on mean and instantaneous flow fields and three-dimensional coherent structures by fixing the aspect ratio h/D at 1 and the submergence H/h at 2. The results showed that as the array became denser, the streamwise bleeding flow decreased while the lateral and vertical bleeding flow increased. When Φ ≥ 0.098, the group behavior of the array became significant: (1) a vertical shear layer was formed at the top of the array, and the downflow behind the array increased with Φ; (2) horseshoe vortex systems formed around the upstream base of the array; and (3) although no patch-scale vortex shedding was observed in the vorticity field in all simulated cases, there was a dominant dimensionless frequency (StD) in the power spectrum of the lateral velocity, varying from 0.1614 to 0.1913.
Monolithic infrared silicon photonics: The rise of (Si)GeSn semiconductors
Authors: Moutanabbir O. , Assali S. , Gong X. , O'Reilly E. , Broderick C. A. , Marzban B. , Witzens J. , Du W. , Yu S-Q. , Chelnokov A. , Buca D. , Nam D.
Published: March 2021

(Si)GeSn semiconductors are finally coming of age after a long gestation period. The demonstration of device-quality epi-layers and quantum-engineered heterostructures has meant that tunable all-group IV Si-integrated infrared photonics is now a real possibility. Notwithstanding the recent exciting developments in (Si)GeSn materials and devices, this family of semiconductors is still facing serious limitations that need to be addressed to enable reliable and scalable applications. The main outstanding challenges include the difficulty to grow high-crystalline quality layers and heterostructures at the desired content and lattice strain, preserve the material integrity during growth and throughout device processing steps, and control doping and defect density. Other challenges are related to the lack of optimized device designs and predictive theoretical models to evaluate and simulate the fundamental properties and performance of (Si)GeSn layers and heterostructures. This Perspective highlights key strategies to circumvent these hurdles and hopefully bring this material system to maturity to create far-reaching opportunities for Si-compatible infrared photodetectors, sensors, and emitters for applications in free-space communication, infrared harvesting, biological and chemical sensing, and thermal imaging.
Numerical instability investigation of inward radial Rayleigh–Bénard–Poiseuille flow
Authors: Hasan M. K. , Gross A.
Published: March 2021

The spatial instability of inward radial Rayleigh–Bénard–Poiseuille flow was investigated using direct numerical simulations with random and controlled inflow forcing. The simulations were carried out with a higher-order-accurate compact finite difference code in cylindrical coordinates. Inward radial Rayleigh–Bénard–Poiseuille flows can be found, for example, in the collectors of solar chimney power plants. The conditions for the present simulations were chosen such that both steady and unsteady three-dimensional waves are amplified. The spatial growth rates are attenuated significantly in the downstream direction as a result of strong streamwise acceleration. For the oblique waves, the growth rates and wave angles decrease and the phase speeds get larger with increasing frequency. As the oblique waves travel downstream, the phase speeds decrease and the wave angles increase. Overall, steady waves with a wave angle of 90 ° are the most amplified. In general, because of the finite azimuthal extent, only certain azimuthal wavenumbers are possible. As a result, the steady waves appear to merge in the streamwise direction. When the inflow is at an angle such that a spiral flow is formed, one family of oblique waves is favored over the other and the mode shapes of the left- and right-traveling oblique waves are asymmetric with respect to the radius. As the inflow angle increases, this asymmetry is aggravated and the wavenumber of the most amplified disturbances is diminished.