bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Use Nigella Sativa and / or Trigonella Foenum Graecum Seeds as Feed Supplemtations on Some Wool Growth and Its Physical Traits of Awassi Male Lambs
Authors: AL-Saadi1 M. J.
Published: May 2021

The experiment was carried out at animal farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University from 1/July /2009 up to 28/February2010.Twenty Awssi male Lambs were equally divided into four groups and each animal fed on concentrate diets 2% of body weight with grazing for 3-5 hours a day. The first group(C) was kept as control group , the second group (N) was daily fed with same amount of concentrate diet contain 7.5% ground Nigella sativa seeds , third group (F) also fed with same amount contain 7.5% ground fenugreek seeds ,while the fourth group(NF) group fed the 2% concentrate diet supplemented with both (7.5% of Nigella sativa and 7.5% fenugreek seeds respectively ) as group feeding .The results revealed that using Nigella sativa or Fenugreek seeds as well as using both of them as a mixed feed supplemented with concentrated diet of Awassi ram lambs showed significantly ( P< 0.05 ) increasing and improvements in greasy wool weights , clean wool weights ,wool fiber lengths ,wool staple lengths ,wool fiber diameters compare with control group while NF group recorded significantly ( P< 0.05 ) higher than both of F and N groups in all of these parameters.
Heat-Intolerance Syndrome subsequent Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle; ThiQar –Iraq
Authors: Abbas Adil M.
Published: May 2021

The investigation on Heat-Intolerance Syndrome following foot and mouth disease (FMD) infection in cattle in ThiQar–Iraq, used 3ABC FMD ELISA kit, and Radio- immunoassay (RIA) to detect the cortisol level. From 105 there were 65(62%) infected cattle with FMD, which was high at 5- less 8 years old, while the cortrisol level showed three levels; normal (13-21 nmol⁄L), high and low levels were; 6(5.6%), 44(42%) and 55(52%) subsequently. More over the combined result of ELISA and RIA had divided cattle into six groups. First group of 40(38%) cattle infected with FMD and had low level of cortisol, this group containing 21(20%) with clinical signs of heat intolerance. Second group contain 22(21%) FMD infected cattle with high level of cortisol. Third group of 3(2.8%) FMD Infected cattle but normal cortisol level. Fourth group included 3(2.8%) not infected by FMD with normal cortisol level. Fifth group contain 22(21%) not infected with FMD but had high level of cortisol may related to stress. Sixth group consisted 15 (14%) cattle not infected with FMD and had low level of cortisol due to un known cause.Clinical signs of heat intolerance that showed in 21 head of cattle in the first group were: panting, overgrowth of hair coat, emaciation and seeking for shad. The diseased cow known locally as ”Mahrorah” meaning heat-intolerance.
Histopathological and Biochemical study of the effect of Citrullus colocynthis on the heart and liver of mature male rabbits: as a model for mammals
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present work is to found out if there are histopathological and enzymatic effects on the heart and liver after oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis (CC) fruit (bitter apple) for mature male rabbits, as a model for mammals. Two experiments were performed for sixty mature male rabbits that equally and randomly divided into six groups each containing five animals .In the two experiments ,independently, three groups in each one were considered as treated groups and represented as T1, T2 and T3 groups .These rabbits groups were orally administrated with low dosage of CC (4.8mg/kg/day,experiment No.1 ) and double dosage of CC extract (9.6mg /kg /day , experiment No2 ) for three intervals 2, 4 and 8 weeks ,respectively. The other three groups in each experiment were considered control and represented as C1, C2 and C3 groups, respectively. All the rabbits in control groups were given orally distilled water (DW) at the same periods of treated groups. Histopathological changes of the heart and liver with related enzymes namely; serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and creatinine kinase (SCK) were studied.The histopathological study revealed no changes in rabbit’s heart tissue particularly after treatment with 4.8mg/kg/day of CC for 2 and 4 weeks. While no histopathological changes were observed in the heart of rabbit groups treated with 9.6mg/kg/day of CC extract after 2 weeks. The results of the treatment with the two dosages of the CC for 8 weeks indicated a mild degenerative changes and mild necrosis of the myocardial cells. There was swelling of the hepatocytes and perivascular cuffing of mononuclear inflammatory cells after two weeks of daily treatment with 4.8mg/kg/day of CC exposure. After four weeks with the low dosage of the CC extract, caused initiation of necrosis, more inflammation picture of liver portal tract with sinusoid All rabbit groups showed statistically a significant gradual increase (P<0.05) in the value of serum enzyme GOT, GPT and CK levels after treatment with the two dosages of CC at the end of each different period compared with before treatment and control group. Concluded from this study that the dosage 4.8mg/Kg/day of CC plant resulted in simple histopathological effects on the heart and mild histopathological changes on the liver during the entire period of the study, instead of serum enzymatic elevation of SGOT ,SGPT and SCK. Further studies are recommended to found out the possibility to use and effects of CC on animal hygiene and reproduction
Toxicopathological effects of lead acetate on the brain of male mice
Authors: Jwad Bassim M.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, then the pieces of brain was fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours .The pathological results showed congestion of cerebellum and cerebrum of both treated group but the 2nd group was more sensitive. Histopathological examination of 1st group expressed moderate pathological lesions, characterized by extracellular edema around neuron cells and Virchow Robbin space , as well as proliferation of astrocyets in the white matter , also central chromatolysis of neurons and Nissle granules with homogenous pink their cytoplasm in 1st G. while in 2nd G the main lesions characterized by severe congestion of blood vessels with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lumen of arachnoids' space and brain parenchyma as well as hemorrhage with aggregation of microglia in the wall of blood vessels which characterized by round shape and clear cytoplasm (microgliosis). Also severe neuron degeneration, with Alzheimer's type-II astrocyets are reported in other animals characterized by pairs observed surrounded by clear space. And there is no clear pathological lesion in control group.In conclusion the present study investigated that the lead acetate affected on the brain tissue, and the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose.
Detection of bovine viral diarrhea –mucosal disease (BVD-MD) in buffaloes and cows using ELISA
Authors: Al-Rubaye Khawlah M. Imran
Published: May 2021

Out of 210 tissue samples (lung and lymph nodes ) collected from buffaloes examined by ELISA specific to(BVDV) Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus antigen ten (10) samples were positive out of 160 lung tissue collected with (4.7%)and (3)positive sample were detected out of 50 lymph node tissue samples collected with (1.4%). Totally 13 positive samples with (6.1%) in buffaloes examined. The total positive tissue samples were divided to three age group. Group age one from (birth -6 month), group age two from (6-18 month) and group age three (18 month up). The positive samples were (1),(10) and (2) with (0.47%),(4.7%)and (0.95%)respectively that indicate the presence of BVD antigen in buffaloes (Bubals bubalis) .Out of (210) sera samples collected from buffaloes examined by ELISA specific to (BVDV) antibody (83) positive sera samples with (39.5%) in buffaloes. The positive serum samples were divided into three age groups, group age one from (birth -6 month ), group age two from (6-18 month) and group age three (18 month up ). The positive samples were (3), (60) and (20) with (1.4 %), (28.5%) and (9.5%) respectively in buffaloes. Out of (60) sera samples collected from cows examined by ELISA specific to (BVDV) antibody 21/60 positive samples with (35%) in cows.The positive serum samples divided to three age group ,group age one from (birth-6 month),group age two from(6-18 month) and group age three (18 month up ). The positive samples (1), (14), and (6) with (1.6%), (23.3%) and (10%) respectively. The result above indicated the presence of the disease as persistent infection (PI) in group one, (MD) in group two and (BVD) in group age three.
Hematological and Neurotoxic Effects of Endosulfan Pesticide on Common Carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Al-Rudainy Abdulmotalib J.
Published: May 2021

The present study including determined blood picture by measuring red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cells in common carp Cyprinus carpio, as well as description behavior and growth of carp fish .In order to estimate LC50 used 240 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio were exposed to 0.0008μg/L, 0.0010μg/L, 0.0011μg/L, 0.0012μg/L, 0.0013μg/L, 0.0014μg/L and 0.0015μg/L. The LC50 of endosulfan was 0.0012μg/L for 48h of exposure Fish behavioral were recorded that showed abnormalities after exposure to the various endosulfan concentrations such as increase swimming activity, hypersensitivity, jerky movement, violent movements, loss of equilibrium, hyperactivity, increase operculum movement, frequent jumping, swimming at the water surface, erratic swimming, spiraling, convulsion, escape attempts from the aquarium with respiratory stress and decrease in respiratory rate as well as a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in body weight of all treated groups. The result of blood picture showed a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume values while the number of white blood cells was showed a significant increase in its values.
Effect of L-carnitine administration to pregnant mice on some reproductive hormones and organs
Authors: M-R. Fakhrildin, M-B.
Published: May 2021

Carnitine is quaternary ammonium compound and required for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria for the generation of metabolic energy. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of L-carnitine administration to pregnant mice on some parameters of reproductive performance and pregnancy outcome.One hundred and five pregnant female mice Swiss albino strain mice age: 12-14 weeks were used in this study. Pregnant mice were divided randomly into three equal groups including control group (administered distilled water; DW), low dose group (T1) administered 0.5 mg/Kg L-carnitine and high dose group (T2) administered 1 mg/Kg L-carnitine. Daily administration of D.W. or L-carnitine was continued from day 1 (day post-sexual mating) until parturition. Hormone assay involving follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2), litter size, percentage of female sex, weight of the reproductive system and endometrial thickness were assessed.Assessment of levels of serum reproductive hormones appeared that the FSH and LH and E2 for both treated groups were increased significantly (P<0.05) as compared to the control group. Moreover, significant increment (P<0.05) in the weight of reproductive system, litter sizes and a significant increment (P<0.05) in the thickness of endometrium for both treated groups was observed as compared to the control group.Conclusion: administration of 0.5 mg/Kg L-carnitine to pregnant mice had beneficial effects on pregnancy and offspring outcomes.
Study the Pathological Effects of the Combination of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormones on Some Organs Experimentally Induced in Mice
Authors: Abbas Hana Kudair
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was design to investigate the pathological changes for one month after therapeutic and toxic doses of subcutaneous injection of estrogen and progesterone combination hormones in mice, on the target organs testis and epidydimus in males and uterus and ovary in females. As well as the effects on non-target organ of Brain, liver spleen, intestine, stomach, kidney and lung in both sexes. The results showed sever pathological changes in male's testis and epidydimus and in females, uterus and the ovary. It is characterized by some pathological changes in toxic group less severity than in the therapeutic group.Also, in non-target organs brain and spleen of toxic group of males and females showed some pathological changes while therapeutic group almost appear normal. The liver and kidney were affected in both groups (therapeutic and Toxic) in males and females. Other organs like intestine stomach, Lung doesn't showed any change in both groups.
Effect of Pellets Diameter and Mash Moisture Content in Pellets quality and production for fish feeding
Authors: Ahmed Ali Abdul-Khaliq A. F.
Published: May 2021

This research included studying some of factorial conditions manufacture of pellets are included pellet diameter by using three holes diameters for the pellets mincer (2 , 4 and 6 mm) and mash moisture content from determining two levels are (500 and 600 ml) for 1 kg from mash and effect this factorial in specific capacity and specific energy and also pellet settling velocity and water stability. The studying carried employment Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed with increase pellet diameter from 2 to 4 to 6 mm apparent. Significant effect in increase specific capacity and settling velocity. Also results to decrease specific capacity 37.87 kg / kwh and minimum specific energy 26.43 kwh/ T at pellet diameter 6 mm, and the minimum settling velocity 6.18 cm / s and maximum water stability for pellet it was pellet diameter 2 mm with increases mash moisture from 500 to 600 ml significant effect in increase specific capacity and water stability and settle velocity and was maximum specific capacity 27.39 kg/kwh and maximum water stability and minimum specific energy 40.39 kwh/ T with 600 ml mash moisture and minimum settling velocity 7.65 cm / S at 600 ml mash moisture content .
Effect of magnetized water in blood picture of common carp Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromones hydrophila
Authors: Rasheed Khalid A.
Published: May 2021

A total of 80 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio were used in present study ranges between 142-156 g with 150 g in average body weight, and between 22-27cm with 25cm in average body length to investigate the effect of magnetized water in blood pictures of fish as well as Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenic bacteria. Fish were randomly distributed using aquarium with dimension 70X40X40 cm upon four treatments, with two replicates for each treatment using magnetized water with different intensity ( 500 , 1000 , 1500 gauss) , while the control treatment free of magnetized water through the period of four weeks . Results shows that the bacteria count were decreased in such magnetized water in comparison with control treatment . The results of statistical analysis show significant differences ( P≤0.01) between all treatments . Results of blood picture test show significant differences ( P≤0.01) between test ,the three treatments containing magnetized water compared with control treatment .It can be conclude that the possibility of using magnetized water in prevention and control of some bacterial diseases in common carp.
A study of some physiological aspects in mature male rabbits after oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis
Authors: Al-Dujaily Saad S.
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study is to determine the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (CC) fruit (bitter apple) on some physiological aspects; the body weight, hematological parameters and the function of thyroid gland of male rabbits as a model for mammals. Two experiments were accomplished on sixty mature male rabbits that equally (30 animals in each experiment) and randomly divided into six groups each one contains five animals. In the experiment No.1 and experiment No.2 , independently, three groups were considered as treated groups in each experiment ( represented as T1, T2 and T3 groups ) and daily orally administrated low dose of CC (4.8mg/Kg/day, experiment No.1) for three groups in experiment No.1 and double dose of CC extract (9.6mg /Kg /day , experiment No.2) for 2, 4 and 8 weeks for the three groups in experimentNo.2,respectively. The other three groups in each experiment were considered as control (C1, C2 and C3 groups, respectively) groups were given orally distilled water (DW) at the same periods of treated groups. Different hematological parameters and thyroid hormones were studied. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in the body weight gaining, with no significant changes in RBCs, WBCs, and Hb concentration through the first two weeks in all the treated rabbits compared to before treatment and control groups. Results of this study revealed that all the groups showed a significant (P<0.05) increased in the serum triiodothyronine hormone level and a decrease in the serum thyroxin hormone level of the thyroid gland when both doses were orally administrated through different periods of treatment compared to control groups. It is concluded that low dose of CC treatment has an advantageous physiological effect on the body weight and triiodothyronine hormone with no changes in certain hematological parameters through first two weeks .The significant differences that found following 4 and 8 weeks of CC treatment were within physiological normal level, and accordingly with the dose and treatment periods in rabbits.
Prevalence of Blood Parasites in Local Chickens in Qaradagh District, Sulaimani – Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Shadan Hassan
Published: May 2021

Hemosporidians are intracellular protozoan parasites found in blood cells and tissues of their avian hosts. They are worldwide distributed and occur in a variety of avian species, including domestic chicken. Blood parasites among village chickens in Qaradagh district, Sulaimani Province in Kurdistan region Iraq, were surveyed during the period of March-June for the year 2012. Haemoparasites investigation was done by microscopic examination of stained blood films which prepared from 170 local chickens (Gallus domesticus).The overall prevalence of all species of haemosporidian parasites over the studied period in tested individuals was 133 (78.2%) with 114 (85.7%) single and 19 (14.3%) mixed genera infections. Plasmodiumspp. was the most prevalent haemoparasite (52.6%) followed by Haemoproteus spp., (19.5 %) and Leucocytozoon spp. (13.5%).The study has reported high prevalence rate of haemoparasites. There isn't enough information about prevalence of avian blood parasites in the studied area, the present study detect for the first time existent of haemoparasites.
22 Study the Immune Response of Conjunctival and Subcutaneous Vaccination of Goats with RB51 Vaccine for Controlling Brucellosis
Authors: Ahmad1 Waffa Abdulelah
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RB51 vaccine in immunization of goats against brucellosis although it is a specific vaccine for cattle, fifteen pregnant and non-pregnant goats were divided into three groups, 5 goats were injected subcutaneously(S/C) with 2 mls of RB51 vaccine which contain 4 × 108 CFU , 5 goats were vaccinated through conjunctival route (C/J) with 0.2 ml of RB51 which contain 4 × 108 CFU , and the last 5 goats were injected with PBS and kept as control group. It has been ascertained that no abortion occurred in the vaccinated animals except one case of a weak kid was born in S/C vaccinated group. Humeral immune response for the vaccinated animals measured by serological test (Rose Bengal and Passive hemagglutination tests) every two weeks, while the cellular immune response measured by brucellin test at the 6th week. Passive haemaglutination test (PHA) was positive and the antibodies were increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 2nd week to reach 10.4±2.4 and 6.4±0.9 in S/C and C/J routes respectively, and increased significantly (P<0.05) at 8th week to reach 38.4±6.4 and 22.4±3.9 in S/C and C/J routes respectively, and decreased significantly at 12th week which reach 9.6±1.6 to 6.4±0.9. Brucellin from RB51 strain prepared to be used as antigen in the PHA test and also in skin test to determine delayed type hypersensitivity, serial dilutions of RB51 brucellin had been done to confer the optimal concentration in skin test that did not induce toxicity for mice 40µg was the optimal concentration that has been given to goats. In goats the results indicated that the S/C group showed a high delayed type hypersensitivity compared with C/J group and the good skin reactions was increased to reach the maximum at 48 hrs post brucellin injection (PBI), when the erythema diameter reached 7.1±0.09mm and 5.4±0.3mm in S/C and C/J groups respectively and skin thickness was2.9±0.1 mm and 2.1±0.2 mm in S/C and C/J groups respectively. These results showed that immunized animals expressed cellular and humeral immune response examined by DTH and PHA. Concluded that the RB51 vaccine gave good level of immunization in goats and it can be considered as alternative vaccine against heterogonous Brucella spp.
Study of the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract of a number of local medicinal plants on the growth of proteus spp. in vitro
Authors: Sabeeh Jinan Abdul-Amir
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of six local medicinal plants ethanolic extract ( Quercusrobur, Vitisvinifera, Cinamomumzeylanicum , Ginger officinale ,Thymus vulgaris and Coriandrumsativum ) on the growth of Proteus spp. in vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for each extract (50, 100, 200 and 400) mg/ml were prepared and tested. The result showed that all the studied medicinal plants have antibacterial activity against Proteus spp. with exception for Coriandrumsativum which didn’t showed any inhibitory activity for the growing of the studied bacteria in Vitro. And the more active plant in inhibition the growth of the studied bacteria was Quercusrobur followed by Vitisvinifera and Cinamomum zeylanicum , Ginger officinale ,Thymus vulgaris. Also, there was no significant differences between the effect of the different concentrations of Thymus vulgaris and Coriandrum sativum, while there were a significant differences between effect of Cinamomumzeylanicum concentrations and the concentrations of (400 and 200 mg\ml) Ginger officinale and compared with 100 and 50 mg/ml of Quercusrobur, while, the ethanolic extract of the Vitisvinifera showed a significant differences between the effect of the concentration 400 mg\ml with the other studied concentration.
Effect of Prolactin Hormone on Reproductive activity and some physiological parameters of Rabbits
Authors: Al-Ghetaa Hassan F. Kashef
Published: May 2021

The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of prolactin hormone on reproductive activity of female rabbit. Study was conducted on the laboratory animal house and it depended on fifteen mature rabbit does and one mature buck housed on a special cage separately. The females were divided randomly into two groups; the first group is Control group: Female of this group (n=7) were administrated 2 ml of normal saline orally /day. second group is treated group: Females of this group (n=8) were received orally 5 mg of Parlodil® (Bromocriptine) daily for 5 consecutive days then stopped one week and repeated in the same schedule. All animals were clinically observed for detect any drug reaction and signs of sexual behavior. Vaginal smears were taken to determine any changing. The results of the study revealed: Emerge of estrus at the third dose of treatment in five does (First course) and conceive with a male and three of them had been pregnant these pregnant does were aborted in post treatment period (after the end of the second course of treatment). The results of vaginal smears showed significant increase (P<0.05) in percentage of intermediate epithelial cells in treated group in comparison with control group simultaneously with significant decrease in superficial component. While the parabasal cells not showed differences between groups, but there was a significant decline in percentage via treating period in comparison with other study periods in treated group female. The treatment does not affect significantly on the blood parameters involved in this study except white blood cells count which decreased significantly in treated group during post treatment period while prolactin hormone concentration in treated group sera was dropped significantly immediate with starting the administration of parlodil. In conclusion, the Prolactin hormone have a role in maintenance of corpus luteum in rabbits and the treatment with dopamine agonist (Bromocriptine) leads to loses of the pregnancy. The variation of the epithelial component of the vaginal smear has no value in detection of sexual activity for the rabbits.
The Influence of Mild Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) on Acid Tolerance, Bile Tolerance, Growth and Protease Activity of the Dairy Culture Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K
Authors: Najim Najim H.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of L. acidophilus LA-K. The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 µs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 µs and flow rate of 60 ml/min at 40.5°C PEF treatment temperature. The control was passed through the PEF system at the same flow rate (60 ml/min) without receiving any pulsed electric field condition. The acid tolerance was determined every 30 minutes for 120 minutes of incubation in acidified MRS broth at pH 2. Growth of the culture was determined hourly for 32 hours of incubation at 37°C in MRS broth. The bile tolerance was determined hourly for 16 hours of incubation in MRS-Thio broth supplemented with 0.3% (w/v) Oxgall (bovine bile) and 0.2% sodium thioglycolate. Samples were plated in duplicates using Lactobacilli MRS agar. The petriplates were incubated anaerobically at 37C for 48 hours. Protease activity was determined by o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) spectrophotometric assay at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of incubation of inoculated skim milk at 40°C three replications were conducted. The experimental design was repeated measurements on complete randomized block, replications were the blocks. Lactobacillus acidophilus subjected to mild PEF conditions as well as the control were acid tolerant until the end of the 120 minutes of incubation but there was a significant (P<0.0001) decrease in the viable bacterial counts after each incubation time of 30 minutes. Mild PEF conditions studied significantly improved acid tolerance of the bacterium. The mild PEF treated culture reached the logarithmic phase of the growth an hour earlier than the control. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K exhibited tolerance to the bile conditions and exhibited similar growth patterns in the presence or absence of bile acids but the bacterium reached the stationary phase after 12 hours of incubation in bile conditions compared to 16 hours of incubation in the absence of bile conditions. Mild Pulsed Electric Field conditions had insignificant effect on bile tolerance of L. acidophilus LA-K. Mild Pulsed Electric Field treatment significantly (P<0.0001) enhanced the protease activity of the bacterium compared to the control.
Effect of Different Doses of Doxorubicin on Pituitary Gland and Some Testicular Function in Adult Male Rabbits
Authors: AL-Okaily Baraa N.
Published: May 2021

The present study was designed to search out the effect of different doses of doxorubicin some functions of pituitary gland and testes in adult male rabbits. Twenty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups and treated for 28 days as follows: first group (control) were injected with normal saline; second group (GI) were injected with doxorubicin 3 mg/ kg B.W., while animals in the third group (GII) and fourth group (GIII) injected with 3.5 and 4 mg/ kg body weight of doxorubicin respectively, all animals were injected twice a week via ear vein. At the end of experiment fasting blood (8-10 hrs) samples were collected. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture technique and serum was collected for measuring the hormones, Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Testosterone (T). In addition, sections from pituitary gland and testes were taken for histopathological studies. The results showed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum FSH, LH and T levels in group (GIII) as compared to GI, GI and control groups. Beside significant increases in T levels was observed in GII as compared to control group. Sever histopathological changes was observed in testes including thickness of basement membrane, protienous material in lumen of somniferous tubules and pituitary gland showed fibrosis, faculation of epithelial cell in all treated groups. In conclusion different doses of doxorubicin have detrimental effect on pituitary gland and male reproductive system of rabbits
Bovine tuberculosis: Diagnosis by PCR technique in bovine milk samples
Authors: Alwan Mohammed J.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of borne tuberculin infection in milk sample by using PCR.  (102) milk samples were collected from  cows , AL-Dejella (39) samples,  AL-Suara (20) samples cow station, AL-Fthalia (20) samples,  AL-Azezia (11) samples and AL-Twarege (12) samples (Iraq) during the period  July 10th   2010 to  Nov.30th   2010. The samples were examined by direct smear stained by Ziehle-Neelson stain, culture methods and confirmed the isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. The results showed that  5, 102 (4.9%) milk samples were M. bovis positive that were detected by direct milk smear method and 10 out 102(9.8%) M.bovis +ve were detected by culture method and PCR assay. The results also showed that high percentage of bacterial isolates from milk samples AL-Dejella city show (12.8%) by culturing and PCR method followed by AL-Suara (10%), AL-Fthelia (10%), Al-Twarege (8.3%) but no bacterial isolation was recorded in AL-Azezia milk samples. This study concluded that M.bovis infection was spreading in dairy cow within the mentioned areas and PCR was more sensitive, rapid, and accurate technique for M.bovis infection diagnosis.
The validation of transrectal palpation of genital organs versus hormonal and post slaughter gross findings in bovine
Authors: J. Khamas D.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted on sixty seven cows of different breeds and ages (non-descriptive cows). The female genital organs were examined carefully through the rectum before slaughter. Blood samples were also collected prior to slaughter to estimate the levels of progesterone and estrogen level. Gross examination of the same genital organs was approved post slaughter. A comparison has been done to assess the accuracy of rectal palpation for diagnosis of some normal and abnormal conditions. The incidence of findings in rectal palpation were 39 (58.2%) normal non-pregnant, 16 (23.88%) normal pregnant and 12 (17.91%) abnormal conditions. While the findings in gross examination were 32 (47.76%) , 18 (26.86%) and 17 (25.37%), respectively , giving a total error of 20.5% divided in to 10.04% for the normal non-pregnant cows , 3% for the normal pregnant cows and 7.46% for the abnormal conditions. In comparison hormonal levels of estrogen and progesterone were highly suggestive to the gross findings. In conclusion, the validity of rectal examination and diagnosis of various conditions in the genital organs was approximately 80%, which is not suggestive and accurate enough to compare with the hormonal and gross findings.
The Role of Pometone (Pomegranate seed oil) in Ameliorating the Deleterious Effect of Methionine Overload on Some Histological Aspects of heart and aorta in Female Rabbits (Part-II)
Authors: Al-Okaily Baraa Najim
Published: May 2021

This experiment was aimed to investigate the role of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in ameliorating the deleterious effects of methionine overload on some histopathological structure of heart and aorta in adult female rabbits. Thirty-Two female rabbits divided into four groups eight animals each, and treated for 42 days daily as follows: the first groups were drenched drinking corn oil, serving as control (group C), second group (group T1) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W, while the third group (groupT2) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) 30 mg /Kg. B.W, and the animals in group T3 were intubated orally with pomegranate seed oil 30 mg /Kg. B.W. At the end of the experiment rabbits were sacrificed. Serial sections from the heart and aorta were prepared and examined microscopically. Histological examination of heart and aorta of methionine overload treated group (T1) showed edema ,RBCs and few neutrophils infiltration ,with vacuolar degeneration of cardiac muscle cells , fragment of muscle fiber, congested blood vessels between muscle fibers. An increase in thickness of intima, erosion and mononuclear cells infiltration in sub intima of aorta were also observed. Histological sections of heart and aorta in T2 and T3 groups showed the absence of histopathological lesions in aortic tissue with moderate edema between muscle fiber of T2 group as comparing to group T1. In conclusion, the results confirm the cardioprotective role of pomegranate seed oil by ameliorating the effect of methionine overload on cardiac muscle and aorta.
Role of Chitosan Application in Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions in Rabbits
Authors: Al-Mutheffer E’atelaf A.
Published: May 2021

This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and efficacy of intra-peritoneal performances of chitosan powder in preventing abdominal adhesions following laparotomy. Twenty clinically healthy rabbits of both sexes, weighing 1.5-2 kg were allocated randomly into 2 equal groups; control group (G1) and treated group (G2). After surgical preparation the animals had undergone to laparotomy which was performed to create a sero-muscular incision of 4cm length in the stomach, in G1 the incision was closed by suturing stomach wound and abdominal wall, While (G2) animals were subjected to same operation but after stomach incision suturing, 1gr. of chitosan powder was sprinkled on stomach incision and peritoneal cavity prior to the lina alba and skin closures. 5 animals of each group were euthanized at two periods:   7th and 21st   day post operation, adhesions in abdominal cavity were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed clearly no adhesions at the operation site (the stomach wound), also on all abdominal organs and peritoneum cavity in both examination periods in G2. In conclusion this study revealed that chitosan plays a vital role in restrictions of intra-abdominal adhesion even though the mechanism of action is still unknown.
تاثير إضافة بعض مضادات الأكسدة الانزيمية وغير الانزيمية إلى مخفف Tris في قابلية التجميد لدى ثيران الهولشتاين بعد مدد مختلفة من الحفظ بالتجميد
Authors: عيدان ساجدة مهدي
Published: May 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة بهدف بيان تأثير إضافة بعض مضادات الأكسدة الانزيمية (الكاتليز) والكلوتاثيون المختزل وخليطهما إلى مخفف  Trisفي قابلية التجميد لثيران الهولشتاين بعد الحفظ بالتجميد لمدد مختلفة. استعمل في هذه الدراسة سبعة ثيران هولشتاين بأعمار تتراوح بين 2.5–3 سنة. جمع السائل المنوي بوساطة المهبل الاصطناعي بواقع قذفة واحدة/ثور/اسبوع. جُمع السائل المنوي الطازج للثيران جميعها (Pooled semen) وقُسمَ بالتساوي على المعاملات المختلفة وبإستعمال مخفف Tris. عدت المعاملة الأولى كمجموعة سيطرة في حين أضيف انزيم الكاتليز للمعاملة الثانية والكلوتاثيون المختزل للمعاملة الثالثة بتركيز 100 وحدة دولية/مل و0.2 ملي مول/مل إلى مخفف Tris وعلى التوالي، فضلاً عن توليفتهما وللتراكيز نفسها المذكورة للمركبين للمعاملة الرابعة. أجريت دراسة تاثير هذه الإضافات في قابلية تجميد السائل المنوي خلال مدد حفظ زمنية مختلفة، تجميد بعد 48 ساعة وشهر وشهرين وثلاثة اشهر. أظهرت النتائج أنّ إضافة انزيم الكاتليز إلى مخفف Tris في المعاملة الثانية أدت إلى زيادة معنوية عند مستوى (P<0.01) في قابلية التجميد وطيلة مدد الخزن المدروسة مقارنةً بمجموعة السيطرة. كذلك أدّت إضافة الكلوتاثيون المختزل في المعاملة الثالثة إلى زيادة (P<0.01) في قابلية التجميد لكافة مدد الحفظ المدروسة مقارنةً بمجموعة السيطرة. كما أدّت إضافة خليط انزيم الكاتليز والكلوتاثيون المختزل في المعاملة الرابعة إلى زيادة عالية المعنوية (P<0.01) في النسبة المئوية لقابلية التجميد مقارنةً بمجموعة السيطرة خلال مدد الحفظ بالتجميد المختلفة. نستنتج من هذه الدراسة أنّ إضافة بعض مضادات الأكسدة الانزيمية (الكاتليز) والكلوتاثيون المختزل وخليطهما ادت إلى تحسين قابلية تجميد السائل المنوي لثيران الهولشتاين أوقد يسهم في زيادة نسبة الخصوبة لدى الأبقار ومن ثم زيادة العائد الاقتصادي للمربي.
Ornamentasi Vokal pada Tarsul Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Pratama Zamrud Whidas , Setyoko Aris , Arozaq Fikri Yassar
Published: May 2021

One form of singing or chanting spread through cultural needs is a traditional song originating from Kutai Kartanegara called tarsul. This study aimed to obtain data about what vocal ornaments are contained in the Kutai tarsul. The theory used in this research is the theory of music presentation forms, ornamentation, and western music vocal techniques. A qualitative descriptive study was chosen by prioritizing the musicology approach. The data was collected by (1) literature study, (2) observation, (3) interviews, (4) documentation. The stages in analyzing data are (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, (3) historiography writing, and (4) conclusions. Data clarification was again carried out using data triangulation techniques. The results showed two kinds of tarsul rhythms commonly used by petarsul, namely tarsul with one rhythm (low) and tarsul with a rhythm of two (high). In Kutai Kartanegara's tarsul, there are several ornaments. Many melismatic ornaments are found at the end of the melody of each part of the tarsul sentence. There are three forms of melismatic ornamentation named for easy classification: melismatic ornament A, melismatic ornament B, and melismatic ornament C. Apart from melismatic ornamentation, there is symbolic ornamentation on tarsul, namely trill ornamentation. Next is the morden ornamentation. More specifically, lower mordent ornamentation was found. Lastly is the use of grupetto ornamentation. From the transcription and tarsul analysis of rhythm patterns 1 and 2, it was found groupetto reverse turn ornamentation.
MEASURING AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF KINETIC INDUCTANCE IN SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS
Authors:   National Research University ", SHEIN K.V. ,   Higher School of Economics", ARUTYUNOV K.YU. ,   National Research University "Higher School of Economics", ZAVIALOV V.V. ,   National Research University "Higher School of Economics"
Published: May 2021

This research was performed using thin superconducting strips in the shape of tightly packed meanders made of niobium nitride (NbN) ultrathin superconducting strips about 100 nm wide, 5 nm thick and up to 100 µm long. The structures revealed the effect of high kinetic inductance at temperatures lower than the critical temperature. Consideration was given to the temperature dependence of LC-circuit resonant frequency where a highlyinductive superconducting meander was used as a source of L inductance and а chip capacitor as a source of C capacitance. Experimental data point to the fact that kinetic inductance depends on temperature, since there was a shift in the resonant frequency at temperatures lower than the critical one relative to the normal state. This is indicative to the fact that in such systems impedance is changed due to growing kinetic inductance during the transition to the superconducting state. This effect is of relevance both in applied and basic research. When using different superconducting detectors, kinetic inductance can exert a distinct effect on their response rate. In basic research developments, where the on-chip implementation of charge (current) stabilization is required, high frequency impedance of connecting circuits is very useful.
MANIFESTATION OF INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS IN THE FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA OF MOLECULES IN POLAR MEDIA
Authors:   Volgograd State University, YERMOLENKO I.P. , MIKHAILOVA V.A. ,   Volgograd State University, IVANOV A.I. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: May 2021

The effect of a low frequency intramolecular vibration on the nonstationary fluorescence spectrum of a molecule and the dynamics of the Stokes shift is analyzed in the framework of the nonstationary perturbation theory based on the operator of the interaction energy of the electric field of the exciting pump pulse with a dissolved molecule. Using a well-tested spin-boson model, which takes into account not only the reorganization of the relaxation polarization modes of the medium, but also intramolecular vibrations, an analytical expression for the time-resolved fluorescence signal is written, and the conditions under which the oscillations of the maximum of nonstationary fluorescence spectra can manifest themselves are analyzed. It is shown that the reorganization of the medium does not suppress the oscillations of the spectrum maximum.
QUANTUM-CHEMICAL SIMULATION OF POLYARYLENE EFFICIENT USE IN INTERFACE STRUCTURES
Authors:   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, KALIMULLINA L.R. , LACHINOV A.N. ,   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, BAYBULOVA G.SH. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, YUSUPOV A.R. ,   Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: May 2021

This paper gives quantum-chemical analysis of polyarylene efficient use in interface structures. Quantumchemical calculations were performed for molecular systems representing simulated polyarylene polymer systems. The research involved 18 representatives of this class of compounds. Quantum-chemical calculations were conducted for all molecules using B3LYP/6-31+G(d) density functional theory method, and such energetic parameters were theoretically assessed as total energies of molecules and their negative and positive ions in molecular and optimized ionic geometries, energies of occupied and vacant molecular orbitals, magnitudes of vertical and adiabatic electron affinity and ionization potential as well as the dipole moment. The paper puts forward an algorithm for processing the results of quantum-chemical calculations based on the analysis of energy characteristics for monomeric units of polymers that makes it possible to reveal a certain relationship between chemical structure of an organic compound and electronic properties of the polymer-metal interface. The proposed algorithm allowed finding maximum deflection zones of energetic parameters and specific compounds, which are of interest for the formation of heterostructures.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE THIN ACCRETION DISK OF THE TAUB-NUT BLACK HOLE
Authors:   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, YUSUPOVA R.M. , ZMAILOV R.N. ,   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre
Published: May 2021

The Taub-NUT space-time metric is one of the vacuum solutions to Einstein's gravitational field equations. In this metric, the Newman-Unti-Tamburino parameter (NUT) and its effect on the physical properties of a thin accretion disk are of particular interest. In this paper, calculations are performed to determine the physical properties of a thin accretion disk around the Taub-NUT black hole based on the Page-Thorne model. The influence of the NUT parameter on the angular velocity, binding energy, angular momentum of particles, effective potential, energy flow, and temperature of the accretion disk is revealed. According to the data obtained, the temperature of the accretion disk of the Taub-NUT black hole decreases as the value of the NUT parameter increases.
Thalassiosira kozyrenkoae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from the outcrops on the Taman Peninsula (Russia)
Authors: Kovaleva G. V. , Gogorev R. M.
Published: May 2021

A study of the Upper Miocene deposits on the Taman Peninsula revealed a new centric diatom Thalassiosira kozyrenkoae Kovaleva et Gogorev. The absence of findings of this species in the modern diatom flora suggests that it is extinct. The species was likely endemic for the Sea of Azov – the Black Sea basin. Single findings of valve fragments in the New Azov layers make it possible to use T. kozyrenkoae as a stratigraphic marker and to estimate the distribution extent of the Neogene sediments from the outcrops. This study will contribute to the more precise identification of the origin of the redeposited fossil diatoms in the Quaternary sediments from the Sea of Azov.
Additions to the lichen flora of the Kerzhensky Nature Reserve and Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Urbanavichene I. N. , Urbanavichus G. P.
Published: May 2021

The results of field studies of the lichen flora of the Kerzhensky Reserve (Nizhny Novgorod Region), carried out mainly in the Kerzhenets River valley in May 2019, are presented. An annotated list of taxa previously unknown for the reserve includes 121 species from 70 genera. Of these, 97 species and 31 genera are new to the Nizhny Novgorod Region. The species Micarea soralifera and Rinodina excrescens are published for the first time for European Russia. We have found some very rare species in European Russia previously known from single records (Agonimia repleta, Bacidina indigens, Gyalideopsis alnicola, Sclerophora amabilis, Stigmidium mycobilimbiae, Telogalla olivieri, and Verrucaria ochrostoma).
New cryptogamic records. 7
Authors: Czernyadjeva I. V. , Davydov E. A. , Efimova A. A. , Gogorev R. M. , Himelbrant D. E. , Kotkova V. M. , Kuzmina E. Yu. , Leostrin A. V. , Moroz E. L. , Neshataeva V. Yu. , Notov A. A. , Novozhilov Yu. K. , Paukov A. G. , Popova N. N. , Potemkin A. D. , Stepanchikova I. S. , Storozhenko Yu. V. , Yakovchenko L. S. , Yurchak M. I. , Volosnova L. F. , Zhurbenko M. P. , Zyatnina M. V.
Published: May 2021

First records of trebouxiophycean alga and fungi for the Leningrad Region, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens, saprobic and lichenicolous fungi for European Russia, the Nenets Autonomous Area, the Kostroma and Tver regions, the republics of Altai and Tuva, Altai and Primorye territories, bryophytes for the Orel and Ryazan regions, the arctic part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided.