bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of meeting minimum access on critical earth systems amidst the Great Inequality
Authors: Rammelt Crelis F. , Gupta Joyeeta , Liverman Diana , Scholtens Joeri , Ciobanu Daniel , Abrams Jesse F. , Bai Xuemei , Gifford Lauren , Gordon Christopher , Hurlbert Margot , Inoue Cristina Y. A. , Jacobson Lisa , Lade Steven J. , Lenton Timothy M. , McKay David I. Armstrong , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Okereke Chukwumerije , Otto Ilona M. , Pereira Laura M. , Prodani Klaudia , Rockström Johan , Stewart-Koster Ben , Verburg Peter H. , Zimm Caroline
Published: November 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals aim to improve access to resources and services, reduce environmental degradation, eradicate poverty and reduce inequality. However, the magnitude of the environmental burden that would arise from meeting the needs of the poorest is under debate—especially when compared to much larger burdens from the rich. We show that the ‘Great Acceleration’ of human impacts was characterized by a ‘Great Inequality’ in using and damaging the environment. We then operationalize ‘just access’ to minimum energy, water, food and infrastructure. We show that achieving just access in 2018, with existing inequalities, technologies and behaviours, would have produced 2–26% additional impacts on the Earth’s natural systems of climate, water, land and nutrients—thus further crossing planetary boundaries. These hypothetical impacts, caused by about a third of humanity, equalled those caused by the wealthiest 1–4%. Technological and behavioural changes thus far, while important, did not deliver just access within a stable Earth system. Achieving these goals therefore calls for a radical redistribution of resources.
NDRG1 is induced by antigen-receptor signaling but dispensable for B and T cell self-tolerance
Authors: Hodgson Rose , Xu Xijin , Anzilotti Consuelo , Deobagkar-Lele Mukta , Crockford Tanya L. , Kepple Jessica D. , Cawthorne Eleanor , Bhandari Aneesha , Cebrian-Serrano Alberto , Wilcock Martin J. , Davies Benjamin , Cornall Richard J. , Bull Katherine R.
Published: November 2022

Peripheral tolerance prevents the initiation of damaging immune responses by autoreactive lymphocytes. While tolerogenic mechanisms are tightly regulated by antigen-dependent and independent signals, downstream pathways are incompletely understood. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), an anti-cancer therapeutic target, has previously been implicated as a CD4+T cell clonal anergy factor. By RNA-sequencing, we identifiedNdrg1as the third most upregulated gene in anergic, compared to naïve follicular, B cells.Ndrg1is upregulated by B cell receptor activation (signal one) and suppressed by co-stimulation (signal two), suggesting that NDRG1 may be important in B cell tolerance. However, thoughNdrg1−/−mice have a neurological defect mimicking NDRG1-associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT4d) disease, primary and secondary immune responses were normal. We find that B cell tolerance is maintained, and NDRG1 does not play a role in downstream responses during re-stimulation of in vivo antigen-experienced CD4+T cells, demonstrating that NDGR1 is functionally redundant for lymphocyte anergy.
Stacked distribution models predict climate-driven loss of variation in leaf phenology at continental scales
Authors: Bayliss Shannon L. J. , Mueller Liam O. , Ware Ian M. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Bailey Joseph K.
Published: November 2022

Climate change is having profound effects on species distributions and is likely altering the distribution of genetic variation across landscapes. Maintaining population genetic diversity is essential for the survival of species facing rapid environmental change, and variation loss will further ecological and evolutionary change. We used trait values of spring foliar leaf-out phenology of 400 genotypes from three geographically isolated populations of Populus angustifolia grown under common conditions, in concert with stacked species distribution modeling, to ask: (a) How will climate change alter phenological variation across the P. angustifolia species-range, and within populations; and (b) will the distribution of phenological variation among and within populations converge (become more similar) in future climatic conditions? Models predicted a net loss of phenological variation in future climate scenarios on 20-25% of the landscape across the species’ range, with the trailing edge population losing variation on as much as 47% of the landscape. Our models also predicted that population’s phenological trait distributions will become more similar over time. This stacked distribution model approach allows for the identification of areas expected to experience the greatest loss of genetically based functional trait variation and areas that may be priorities to conserve as future genetic climate refugia.
R1441C and G2019S LRRK2 knockin mice have distinct striatal molecular, physiological, and behavioral alterations
Authors: Xenias Harry S. , Chen Chuyu , Kang Shuo , Cherian Suraj , Situ Xiaolei , Shanmugasundaram Bharanidharan , Liu Guoxiang , Scesa Giuseppe , Chan C. Savio , Parisiadou Loukia
Published: November 2022

LRRK2 mutations are closely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Convergent evidence suggests that LRRK2 regulates striatal function. Here, by using knock-in mouse lines expressing the two most common LRRK2 pathogenic mutations—G2019S and R1441C—we investigated how LRRK2 mutations altered striatal physiology. While we found that both R1441C and G2019S mice displayed reduced nigrostriatal dopamine release, hypoexcitability in indirect-pathway striatal projection neurons, and alterations associated with an impaired striatal-dependent motor learning were observed only in the R1441C mice. We also showed that increased synaptic PKA activities in the R1441C and not G2019S mice underlie the specific alterations in motor learning deficits in the R1441C mice. In summary, our data argue that LRRK2 mutations’ impact on the striatum cannot be simply generalized. Instead, alterations in electrochemical, electrophysiological, molecular, and behavioral levels were distinct between LRRK2 mutations. Our findings offer mechanistic insights for devising and optimizing treatment strategies for PD patients.
Immune and spermatogenesis-related loci are involved in the development of extreme patterns of male infertility
Authors: Cerván-Martín Miriam , Tüttelmann Frank , Lopes Alexandra M. , Bossini-Castillo Lara , Rivera-Egea Rocío , Garrido Nicolás , Lujan Saturnino , Romeu Gema , Santos-Ribeiro Samuel , Castilla José A. , Carmen Gonzalvo M. , Clavero Ana , Maldonado Vicente , Vicente F. Javier , González-Muñoz Sara , Guzmán-Jiménez Andrea , Burgos Miguel , Jiménez Rafael , Pacheco Alberto , González Cristina , Gómez Susana , Amorós David , Aguilar Jesus , Quintana Fernando , Calhaz-Jorge Carlos , Aguiar Ana , Nunes Joaquim , Sousa Sandra , Pereira Isabel , Pinto Maria Graça , Correia Sónia , Sánchez-Curbelo Josvany , López-Rodrigo Olga , Martín Javier , Pereira-Caetano Iris , Marques Patricia I. , Carvalho Filipa , Barros Alberto , Gromoll Jörg , Bassas Lluís , Seixas Susana , Gonçalves João , Larriba Sara , Kliesch Sabine , Palomino-Morales Rogelio J. , Carmona F. David
Published: November 2022

We conducted a genome-wide association study in a large population of infertile men due to unexplained spermatogenic failure (SPGF). More than seven million genetic variants were analysed in 1,274 SPGF cases and 1,951 unaffected controls from two independent European cohorts. Two genomic regions were associated with the most severe histological pattern of SPGF, defined by Sertoli cell-only (SCO) phenotype, namely the MHC class II gene HLA-DRB1 (rs1136759, P = 1.32E-08, OR = 1.80) and an upstream locus of VRK1 (rs115054029, P = 4.24E-08, OR = 3.14), which encodes a protein kinase involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. The SCO-associated rs1136759 allele (G) determines a serine in the position 13 of the HLA-DRβ1 molecule located in the antigen-binding pocket. Overall, our data support the notion of unexplained SPGF as a complex trait influenced by common variation in the genome, with the SCO phenotype likely representing an immune-mediated condition.
Bayesian optimization-driven parallel-screening of multiple parameters for the flow synthesis of biaryl compounds
Authors: Kondo Masaru , Wathsala H. D. P. , Salem Mohamed S. H. , Ishikawa Kazunori , Hara Satoshi , Takaai Takayuki , Washio Takashi , Sasai Hiroaki , Takizawa Shinobu
Published: November 2022

Traditional optimization methods using one variable at a time approach waste time and chemicals and assume that different parameters are independent from one another. Hence, a simpler, more practical, and rapid process for predicting reaction conditions that can be applied to several manufacturing environmentally sustainable processes is highly desirable. In this study, biaryl compounds were synthesized efficiently using an organic Brønsted acid catalyst in a flow system. Bayesian optimization-assisted multi-parameter screening, which employs one-hot encoding and appropriate acquisition function, rapidly predicted the suitable conditions for the synthesis of 2-amino-2′-hydroxy-biaryls (maximum yield of 96%). The established protocol was also applied in an optimization process for the efficient synthesis of 2,2′-dihydroxy biaryls (up to 97% yield). The optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to gram-scale synthesis. We believe our algorithm can be beneficial as it can screen a reactor design without complicated quantification and descriptors.
Double boron-embedded multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Yang Hye In , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: November 2022

The subclass of multi resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters (MR-TADF) containing boron atoms has garnered significant attention in the field of organic light emitting diode (OLED) research. Among boron-basedMR-TADFemitters, double boron-embeddedMR-TADF(DB-MR-TADF) emitters show excellent electroluminescence performances with high photoluminescence quantum yields, narrow band emission, and beneficially small singlet-triplet energy levels in all the full-color gamut regions. This article reviews recent progress inDB-MR-TADFemitters, with particular attention to molecular design concepts, synthetic routes, optoelectronic properties, and OLED performance, giving future prospects for real-world applications.
Humidification of Central Asia and equatorward shifts of westerly winds since the late Pliocene
Authors: Zhong Yi , Shi Xuefa , Yang Hu , Wilson David J. , Hein James R. , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Lu Zhengyao , Clift Peter D. , Yan Qing , Lohmann Gerrit , Liu Jiabo , González Francisco Javier , Jiang Xiaodong , Jiang Zhaoxia , Liu Qingsong
Published: November 2022

The production, transport, and deposition of mineral dust exert major influences on climate change and Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. Furthermore, their imprint, as recorded in pelagic sediments, provides an avenue for determining past changes in terrestrial aridity and atmospheric circulation patterns in response to global climate change. Here, by examining geochemical and magnetic data obtained from a ferromanganese crust in the western Pacific Ocean, we investigate the eolian dust source-region conditions and dust transport mechanisms from the Asian interior to the Pacific Ocean since the Pliocene. We identify a gradual provenance change in the dust source regions, from a dominant Gobi Desert source during the early Pliocene to a mixed Gobi-Taklimakan Desert source during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene, alongside increasing chemical weathering in those source areas. Climate model simulations suggest that these changes were related to an equatorward shift of the westerly jet and humidification of Central Asia during the gradual transition from a warm Pliocene climate to the cool Pleistocene.
Visible-light driven H2 evolution over a precious metal-free hybrid photocatalyst constructed from CuO and NiFe layered double hydroxide
Authors: Suppaso Chomponoot , Khamdang Chadawan , Wannasen Likkhasit , Kanazawa Tomoki , Miyoshi Akinobu , Nishioka Shunta , Jetsrisuparb Kaewta , Amnuaypanich Sujitra , Suthirakun Suwit , Maeda Kazuhiko , Khaorapapong Nithima
Published: November 2022

The strong interfacial interaction between the two components of the composites of cupric oxide and NiFe layered double hydroxide enabled efficient charge transport in the photocatalyst and subsequent H2 evolution catalysis.
Kinetic analysis to describe Co-operative redox enhancement effects exhibited by bimetallic Au–Pd systems in aerobic oxidation
Authors: Daniel Isaac T. , Zhao Liang , Bethell Donald , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Lewis Richard J. , Akdim Ouardia , Morgan David J. , McIntosh Steven , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: November 2022

Recent work has demonstrated that, for bimetallic Au–Pd systems, the rate of catalytic alcohol and formyl dehydrogenation (DH) is intrinsically linked to the rate of oxygen reduction (ORR) within the same system.
The dependence of new particle formation rates on the interaction between cluster growth, evaporation, and condensation sink
Authors: Li Chenxi , Zhao Yue , Li Ziyue , Liu Ling , Zhang Xiuhui , Zheng Jun , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Jiang Jingkun , Cai Runlong , Xiao Huayun
Published: November 2022

Cluster growth, evaporation, and loss to pre-existing particles collectively determine the atmospheric new particle formation rate.
Relationship between different forms of dietary choline and ovarian cancer survival: findings from the ovarian cancer follow-up study, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Hui-Juan , Kang Ye , Li Yi-Zi , Liu Fang-Hua , Yan Shi , Gao Song , Huo Yun-Long , Gong Ting-Ting , Wu Qi-Jun
Published: November 2022

Higher levels of pre-diagnosis fat-soluble choline intake was associated with better overall survival of ovarian cancer, and this association was more attributed to phosphatidylcholine.
Stable metal–organic frameworks modulated by doping Tb3+ for multi-hazard detection and capture
Authors: Gao Yuan , Dai Zhongran , Li Meng , Zhang Jixiong , Tanase Stefania , Jiang Rongli
Published: November 2022

Considering the discharge of radioactive and non-radioactive effluents during the mining process, we report on a study that proposes to use optical sensing for the detection and monitoring of pollutants.
Facile aqueous synthesis of hollow dual plasmonic hetero-nanostructures with tunable optical responses through nanoscale Kirkendall effects
Authors: Ivanchenko Mariia , Carroll Alison L. , Brothers Andrea B. , Jing Hao
Published: November 2022

Hollow dual-plasmonic Au@Cu2−xSe and Au@Cu2−xS NPs have been synthesized through a wet chemistry route, involving template formation, an anion exchange, and the Kirkendall effect, and demonstrated different optical and structural features.
Recharging upconversion: revealing rubrene's replacement
Authors: Sullivan Colette M. , Nienhaus Lea
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate near-infrared-to-green upconversion using 1-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. The replacement of rubrene highlights that triplet generation at the perovskite/annihilator interface is a universal process.
Experimental and computational studies on rhodium-catalyzed C4(5)aryl–H activation/annulation of imidazoles with alkynes: facile synthesis of six types of N-heterocycles
Authors: Tian Ya-Nan , Lv Shihai , Huang Lingyu , Wen Chaoying , Yang Yanyan , Kong Xiangfei , Zhu Qiping , Li Shiqing
Published: November 2022

A molecular engineering strategy involving six reaction modes based on the rhodium-catalyzed C4(5)aryl–H activation/annulation of imidazoles with alkynes has been developed.
Merging dual photoredox/cobalt catalysis and boronic acid (derivatives) activation for the Minisci reaction
Authors: Pillitteri Serena , Ranjan Prabhat , Ojeda-Carralero Gerardo M. , Vázquez Amaya Laura Y. , Alfonso-Ramos Javier E. , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K.
Published: November 2022

Boronic acid (derivatives) activation for the Minisci reaction via dual photoredox/cobalt catalysis in batch and under continuous-flow.
Multifunctional nanoprobes combined with radiotherapy and hypoxia-activated therapy synergistically improve antitumor efficacy
Authors: Wang Lingwei , Zhang Mengyang , Gao Xujie , Li Jiang , Wu Menglin , Zhang Xuening , Ye Zhaoxiang
Published: November 2022

The developed nanoprobes show a high level of biocompatibility, efficient radiosensitisation and anti-tumour efficacy at the cellular and tissue level.
A NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst with a thin graphitic coating for the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis of wastewater
Authors: Jeong Jae-Yeop , Park Yoo Sei , Jeong Jaehoon , Lee Kyung-Bok , Kim Dohyung , Yoon Ki-Yong , Park Han-Seam , Yang Juchan
Published: November 2022

The carbon coated NiCo2O4via high energy ball milling with graphite used as the anode and cathode for a waste water-based anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer.
Understanding the suppressive role of catalytically active Pt–TiO2 interfacial sites of supported metal catalysts towards complete oxidation of toluene
Authors: Sun Hanlei , Zhang Peipei , Wang Jiexiang , Ye Songshou , Fu Jile , Zheng Jinbao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Nuowei , Chen Binghui
Published: November 2022

Pt–TiO2 interfacial perimeters were manufactured to study the suppressive effect of interfacial sites on toluene oxidation, which was attributed to the ODH of toluene and consequent formation of carbon-enriched species.
RecJf exonuclease-assisted signal amplification for the sensitive detection of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate by a Pd@Au NB labeled electrochemical aptasensor based on Au@Ni-CoHNB/PEI-g-C3N4
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , He Baoshan , Yan Haoyang , Liang Ying , Wang Jinshui , Jin Huali , Wei Min , Ren Wenjie , Suo Zhiguang , Xu Yiwei
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical aptasensor based on nanocomposite and RecJf exonuclease-assistant signal amplification strategy for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) detection.
Nanocomposites of chalcogenide phase-change materials: from C-doping of thin films to advanced multilayers
Authors: Chahine Rebecca , Tomelleri Martina , Paterson Jessy , Bernard Mathieu , Bernier Nicolas , Pierre François , Rouchon Denis , Jannaud Audrey , Mocuta Cristian , Giordano Valentina M. , Hippert Françoise , Noé Pierre
Published: November 2022

Engineering of chalcogenide phase-change materials at the nanoscale is required to improve the performances of ultimate size memory devices and reduce their power consumption.
Systematic Review of the Relation Between Feeding Problems and Sensory Processing in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Elsayed Heba E. , Thompson Kelsey L. , Conklin Jamie L. , Watson Linda R.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Many studies have linked sensory sensitivities to feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the importance of sensory processing for a variety of mealtime and eating skills, the specific sensory processes that may impact feeding problems in children with ASD have not been comprehensively reviewed. Thus, the goal of this systematic review was to understand the associations between sensory processing and feeding difficulties in children with ASD.

Method:

This systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Scopus (Elsevier), and Embase (Elsevier) databases were searched from their dates of inception through the final search date of April 19, 2022, for English language studies that examined both sensory processing and feeding among children with ASD. Studies were assessed for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.

Results:

A total of 27 studies were included. Findings supported the existence of a relationship between sensory processing and feeding problems in children with ASD. Specifically, studies reported that overall scores on sensory processing measures as well as measures of oral sensory processing were frequently associated with feeding problems.

Conclusions:

This review supports the development of future feeding interventions focusing on sensory processing given the relationship between sensory processing and feeding problems among children with ASD. Future research should focus on utilizing consistent feeding assessments specific to children with ASD and collect information on medical diagnoses that can impact feeding in order to report on feeding more holistically in this population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21453909
Measuring Aphasia-Related Quality of Life: Efficiency and Cost of Change
Authors: Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Changes in quality of life (QoL) in persons with aphasia (PWA) has emerged as a key metric of aphasia treatment effectiveness. Several tools have been designed to measure aphasia related QoL and offer the appropriate compensation for communication issues that frequently exclude persons with aphasia (PWA) from participation of such studies. The purpose of this study was to measure post–aphasia treatment change in QoL and calculate the efficiency and cost of QoL change.

Method:

In this study, we measured change in aphasia-related QoL as a metric of post–aphasia treatment efficiency using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Quality of Communication Life Scale. We also calculated the associated cost of that change in relationship with the change of aphasia impairment using a sample of PWA who received community-based telerehabilitation. Cost of QoL improvement from the intervention was calculated accounting for differences in age, time post onset, aphasia severity, and aphasia type.

Results:

PWA that exhibited more severe aphasia impairment experienced larger QoL improvement than those at lower impairment levels. Similarly, the average cost of improvement in QoL was lower for those more severe aphasia.

Conclusions:

Changes in aphasia-related QoL captures the impact of communication disorders on QoL, and the cost associated with the change. Measurement of aphasia-related QoL will allow clinicians and researchers to measure aphasia treatment outcomes and the cost effectiveness of those treatments using a commonly reported patient outcome—QoL.
Laboratory Findings, Medical Imaging, and Clinical Outcome in Children with Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Glonnegger Hannah , Glatthaar Nicole , Eckenweiler Matthias , Barth Michael , Uhl Markus , Büchsel Martin , Zieger Barbara
Published: November 2022

Introduction Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare disease, especially in children. Therefore, thrombophilia markers, risk factors, treatment strategy, and MRI, as well as clinical outcome need further investigation to support future diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for children.

Methods We retrospectively identified all children with CSVT treated in our center between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015. Risk factors and laboratory findings were investigated. Furthermore, outcome and treatment satisfaction were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses and a modified questionnaire.

Results All 43 patients, who agreed to participate, were treated with therapeutic levels of heparin; 86% of children had an increased risk for thromboembolic events upon onset of CSVT (acute disease: 58.1%, perinatal risk factors: 9.3%, medical intervention/immobility: 14%, chronic disease: 16.3%). Thrombophilia markers showed positive results (e.g., reduced values for protein C/S, factor-V–Leiden mutation) in 58% of children at the time of CSVT diagnosis but dropping to 20.9% over the course of the disease. Forty-two of 43 patients received MRI follow-ups and the outcome showed complete recanalization in 69% of the patients and partial recanalization in 31%. At the onset of CSVT, 88% of patients reported restrictions in everyday life due to CSVT; at follow-up this percentage declined to 18%. Satisfaction with the outcome among parents/patients according to the questionnaire was high with 1.7 (German school grades from 1 to 6).

Conclusions All 42 children with MRI follow-up demonstrated complete or partial recanalization under anticoagulation. This positive result underlines the need for future studies on anticoagulation to optimize therapy regimens of pediatric CSVT.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Other Wearable Devices to Assess Hypoglycemia among Older Adult Outpatients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weiner Michael , Adeoye Philip , Boeh Margaret J. , Bodke Kunal , Broughton Jessica , Butler Anietra R. , Dafferner Mackenzie L. , Dirlam Lindsay A. , Ferguson Denisha , Keegan Amanda L. , Keith NiCole R. , Lee Joy L. , McCorkle Corrina B. , Pino Daniel G. , Shan Mu , Srinivas Preethi , Tang Qing , Teal Evgenia , Tu Wanzhu , Savoy April , Callahan Christopher M. , Clark Daniel O.
Published: November 2022

Background Hypoglycemia (HG) causes symptoms that can be fatal, and confers risk of dementia. Wearable devices can improve measurement and feedback to patients and clinicians about HG events and risk.

Objectives The aim of the study is to determine whether vulnerable older adults could use wearables, and explore HG frequency over 2 weeks.

Methods First, 10 participants with diabetes mellitus piloted a continuous glucometer, physical activity monitor, electronic medication bottles, and smartphones facilitating prompts about medications, behaviors, and symptoms. They reviewed graphs of glucose values, and were asked about the monitoring experience. Next, a larger sample (N = 70) wore glucometers and activity monitors, and used the smartphone and bottles, for 2 weeks. Participants provided feedback about the devices. Descriptive statistics summarized demographics, baseline experiences, behaviors, and HG.

Results In the initial pilot, 10 patients aged 50 to 85 participated. Problems addressed included failure of the glucometer adhesive. Patients sought understanding of graphs, often requiring some assistance with interpretation. Among 70 patients in subsequent testing, 67% were African-American, 59% were women. Nearly one-fourth (23%) indicated that they never check their blood sugars. Previous HG was reported by 67%. In 2 weeks of monitoring, 73% had HG (glucose ≤70 mg/dL), and 42% had serious, clinically significant HG (glucose under 54 mg/dL). Eight patients with HG also had HG by home-based blood glucometry. Nearly a third of daytime prompts were unanswered. In 24% of participants, continuous glucometers became detached.

Conclusion Continuous glucometry occurred for 2 weeks in an older vulnerable population, but devices posed wearability challenges. Most patients experienced HG, often serious in magnitude. This suggests important opportunities to improve wearability and decrease HG frequency among this population.
Acoustic Measurements of Speech and Voice in Men with Angle Class II, Division 1, Malocclusion
Authors: Viegas Flávia , Camargo Zuleica , Viegas Danieli , Guimarães Glaucio Serra , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Ritto Fabio , Simões-Zenari Marcia , Nemr Katia
Published: November 2022

Introduction The acoustic analysis of speech (measurements of the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies) of different vowels produced by speakers with the Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion can provide information about the relationship between articulatory and phonatory mechanisms in this type of maxillomandibular disproportion.

Objectives To investigate acoustic measurements related to the fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequencies (F1 and F2) of the oral vowels of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produced by male speakers with Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion (study group) and compare with men with Angle class I malocclusion (control group).

Methods In total, 60 men (20 with class II, 40 with class I) aged between 18 and 40 years were included in the study. Measurements of F0, F1 and F2 of the seven oral vowels of BP were estimated from the audio samples containing repetitions of carrier sentences. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and the effect size was calculated.

Results Significant differences (p-values) were detected for F0 values in five vowels ([e], [i], [ᴐ], [o] and [u]), and for F1 in vowels [a] and [ᴐ], with high levels for class II, division 1.

Conclusion Statistical differences were found in the F0 measurements with higher values in five of the seven vowels analysed in subjects with Angle class II, division 1. The formant frequencies showed differences only in F1 in two vowels with higher values in the study group. The data suggest that data on voice and speech production must be included in the protocol's assessment of patients with malocclusion.
Understanding the Digital Disruption of Health Care: An Ethnographic Study of Real-Time Multidisciplinary Clinical Behavior in a New Digital Hospital
Authors: Canfell Oliver J. , Meshkat Yasaman , Kodiyattu Zack , Engstrom Teyl , Chan Wilkin , Mifsud Jayden , Pole Jason D. , Byrne Martin , Raders Ella Van , Sullivan Clair
Published: November 2022

Background Understanding electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in digital hospitals has focused on retrospective “work as imagined” experiences of multidisciplinary clinicians, rather than “work as done” behaviors. Our research question was “what is the behavior of multidisciplinary clinicians during the transition to a new digital hospital?”

Objectives The aim of the study is to: (1) Observe clinical behavior of multidisciplinary clinicians in a new digital hospital using ethnography. (2) Develop a thematic framework of clinical behavior in a new digital hospital.

Methods The setting was the go-live of a greenfield 182-bed digital specialist public hospital in Queensland, Australia. Participants were multidisciplinary clinicians (allied health, nursing, medical, and pharmacy). Clinical ethnographic observations were conducted between March and April 2021 (approximately 1 month post-EMR implementation). Observers shadowed clinicians in real-time performing a diverse range of routine clinical activities and recorded any clinical behavior related to interaction with the digital hospital. Data were analyzed in two phases: (1) content analysis using machine learning (Leximancer v4.5); (2) researcher-led interpretation of the text analytics to generate contextual meaning and finalize themes.

Results A total of 55 multidisciplinary clinicians (41.8% allied health, 23.6% nursing, 20% medical, 14.6% pharmacy) were observed across 58 hours and 99 individual patient encounters. Five themes were derived: (1) Workflows for clinical documentation; (2) Navigating a digital hospital; (3) Digital efficiencies; (4) Digital challenges; (5) Patient experience. There was no observed harm attributable to the digital transition. Clinicians primarily used blended digital and paper workflows to achieve clinical goals. The EMR was generally used seamlessly. New digital workflows affected clinical productivity and caused frustration. Digitization enabled multitasking, clinical opportunism, and benefits to patient safety; however, clinicians were hesitant to trust digital information.

Conclusion This study improves our real-time understanding of the digital disruption of health care and can guide clinicians, managers, and health services toward digital transformation strategies based upon “work as done.”
Influence of isotope effect on radiation resistance of monocrystalline silicon
Authors: Zhang Yuehui , Lu Jingbin , Li Chengqian , Qu Huan , Zhang Xue , Situ Zirui , Liu Xinrui , Liu Yumin
Published: November 2022

This paper examined the impact of the isotope effect on the lattice structure of monocrystalline silicon, as well as the defects caused by proton irradiation. First, by using the molecular dynamics simulation, the number of point defects of monocrystalline silicon exposed to protons was calculated, and the number of stable defects in 30Si was 11%–14% lower than that in 28Si. Second, the structures of various isotopes at 300 K were simulated through ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on the density functional theory. In addition, the thermal stability of the two structures was determined. The results indicated that pure 30Si had superior radiation resistance to pure 28Si, which suggested a new idea for the radiation resistance enhancement of silicon materials.
Statistics of vacuum electrical breakdown clustering and the induction of follow-up breakdowns
Authors: Korsbäck Anders , Djurabekova Flyura , Wuensch Walter
Published: November 2022

Understanding the underlying physics of vacuum electrical breakdown is of relevance for the development of technologies where breakdown is of significance, either as an intended part of device operation or as a cause of failure. One prominent contemporary case of the latter is high-gradient linear accelerators, where structures must be able to operate with both high surface electric fields and low breakdown rates. Temporal clustering of breakdowns has for long been observed in accelerating structures. In this work, the statistics of breakdown clustering were studied using data collected by a system applying DC voltage pulses over parallel disk electrodes in a vacuum chamber. It was found that the obtained distributions of cluster sizes can be explained by postulating that every breakdown induces a number of follow-up breakdowns that are Poisson-distributed with λ < 1. It was also found that the primary breakdown rate, i.e., the breakdown rate after discounting follow-up breakdowns, fluctuates over time but has no discernible correlation with cluster size. Considered together, these results provide empirical support for the interpretation that primary and follow-up breakdowns are categorically different kinds of events with different underlying causes and mechanisms. Furthermore, they support the interpretation that there is an actual causal relationship between the breakdowns in a cluster rather than them simply being concurrent events with a common underlying cause.
Thermoacoustic concentration imaging of magnetic nanoparticles under single-pulse magnetic fields
Authors: Liu Hongjia , Li Yanhong , Liu Guoqiang
Published: November 2022

Under a single-pulse magnetic field (SMF), we proposed a thermoacoustic (TA) concentration imaging method of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This method derived the relationship between the concentration of MNPs and TA signals based on the mechanism of the TA effect. In the simulation, we ideally reconstructed the concentration map of the MNPs from the simulated TA signals. It proves the feasibility of the proposed method. In the experiment, a multi-channel acquisition system was built, and the MNP suspension with the iron concentration of 1 mg/ml was injected into two gaps of the phantom. Then, 128 TA signals were obtained by a multi-channel acquisition system. Finally, the imaging results faithfully reconstructed the cross-sectional image of the MNP area in the phantom. It is demonstrated that the TA concentration imaging of the MNPs under the SMF has the potential to achieve low-concentration MNP imaging in vivo, which provides a promising molecular imaging method for imaging MNP-labeled cancer tissues.
Do registers have different functions for text length?
Authors: Liimatta Aatu
Published: November 2022

Similar to lexical and grammatical choices, the length of a text is also guided by situational constraints and functional needs. Consequently, texts of different lengths are associated with different communicative functions. This study explores the role of register in the functions which are associated with comment lengths on the social media platform Reddit. Since registers differ in their functional and situational makeup, the same text length may also have different functions in different registers. By analyzing variation in the frequencies of register features across comment lengths in a number of popular subreddits in a large-scale dataset of Reddit comments, I show that the functional associations of text length can differ greatly between subreddits, and that comments of the same length can even have virtually opposite functions in different subreddits. Furthermore, some subregisters are clearly differentiated not only by their feature makeup but also by the length of their comments.
Research on foreign object detection method in track area based on Mask-RCNN
Authors: Ji Guoyi , Chen Wen , Zou Jinbai , Wei Shiyan
Published: November 2022

As the train speeds up, the damage caused by the collisions between trains and foreign objects are becoming more and more severe. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the intrusion of foreign objects in the track environment. In this paper, transfer learning is introduced into Mask-RCNN deep learning model. And the data set of rail image is used to train the model, which improves the effect of rail segmentation. The trained model is used to segment the rail in the picture, and the rail vulnerable area is divided based on the segmentation results. The sliding window ORB feature matching algorithm is used to calculate the similarity of vulnerable area. The detection of foreign objects in the area where is easy to invade is realized, and the detection reliability is improved. Experiments represent that this method has high accuracy, strong practicability, good robustness and universality.
Optimal Design of a Cable Driven Parallel Robot for Upper Limb Rehabilitations
Authors: Liao Bin , Li Jun , Deng Shichao , Li Jianmin , Li Guohui
Published: November 2022

A novel cable driven parallel robot is introduced to assist upper limb in rehabilitation treatments in this paper, which has a lightweight structure. This robot is characterized by a novel and flexible end-effector that is easy to change assembly for different therapies. And it is designed for desktop usage, so its size is not too large. After presenting the structure, the kinematic model is presented for optimal design. Then, the minimal singular value is considered as the velocity transmission index. For upper limb rehabilitation, a new optimal design problem with the transmission index and the robot size is formulated. Last, the optimization presents a design with satisfying performances in velocity transmission capability and robot size.
Optimization prediction and experimental verification of cyclone performance based on BP neural network
Authors: Sun Mochuan , Wang jiangang , He fengqin , Long zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

As a kind of centrifugal separation equipment, hydrocyclone has developed rapidly with the advantages of high economic benefits, good compactness, high processing efficiency, simple process and so on. Hydrocyclone has broad practical significance and application prospects in chemical, light industry, oil mining and refining, environmental protection, medicine, food processing, ship transportation and surface oil spill treatment. BP neural networks are mainly used in the following four aspects: function approximation, pattern recognition, classification, and data compression. In this paper, we introduce the principle of BP neural network, establish an analytical model, apply BP neural network to predict the performance of hydrocyclone, and conduct experimental verification to optimize the hydrocyclone under different working conditions according to the experimental results.
Influence of surface termination groups on electrochemical charge storage of MXene electrodes
Authors: Kawai Kosuke , Fujita Masaki , Iizuka Ryosei , Yamada Atsuo , Okubo Masashi
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have been intensively investigated as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, due to their high capacitance, high-rate capability, and good cycle stability. Although MXenes possess various surface termination groups (e.g., –O, –OH, –F, –Cl, and –Br) that directly interact with adsorbed cations to exhibit charge transfer, the influence of each surface termination group on the electrochemical properties of MXene remains elusive because of difficulty in achieving exclusively modified termination. Herein, we report the electrochemical properties of MXenes with surface termination groups controlled by using fluorine-based aqueous solutions and molten salts as etchants. In aqueous electrolytes, Ti3C2Cl
x
and Ti3C2Br
x
synthesized using molten salts show no electrochemical activity in contrast to Ti3C2T
x
(T = O, OH, F, and Cl). Meanwhile, in a nonaqueous electrolyte, Ti3C2Cl
x
and Ti3C2Br
x
undergo amorphization upon the initial lithiation. These results suggest that the –O, –OH, and –F terminations play an important role in the electrochemical properties of MXene electrodes.
Verification of colorable hypergraph states with stabilizer test
Authors: Tao Hong , Zhang Xiaoqian , Shao Lei , Tan Xiaoqing
Published: November 2022

Many-body quantum states, as a matter of fact, are extremely essential to solve certain mathematical problems or simulate quantum systems in measurement-based quantum computation. However, how to verify large-scale quantum states, such as hypergraph states, is an exceedingly hard task for many-body quantum systems. Here, we propose a novel fault-tolerant solution for the verification of colorable hypergraph states by using the stabilizer test. Furthermore, our protocol is dramatically facilitated by making only Pauli-X and Pauli-Z measurements. For geometric structure hypergraph states, the computational complexity of our protocol is polynomial. As to appliance, it will be also applied to blind quantum computing based on the no-signaling principle.
Conservation, impermeability and potential vorticity in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Fletcher S J
Published: November 2022

The conservation and impermeability conditions are reformulated utilising differential forms and generalised to spacetime. The thermodynamic and electromagnetic potential vorticity scalar fields are defined for relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and their evolution equations are derived.
Collisional S-matrix for the vibrational dynamics of H+H2 by quantum computing
Authors: Wang Yulun , Krstic Predrag S
Published: November 2022

An algorithm and a system of quantum circuits are developed and applied to compute accurately the S matrix for the transitions between vibrational states of H2 for collisions with H. The algorithm was applied to 100 eV laboratory collision energy at a quantum circuit simulator. The effects of the discretized dissociative continuum to the transition cross sections are carefully studied and accuracy and convergence of the results with the chosen parameters of the algorithm and the collision system are verified by comparison with a solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation using the classical algorithm as well as comparison with a few results from the literature.
Evolutionary algorithm-based multiobjective reservoir operation policy optimisation under uncertainty
Authors: Wu Wenyan , Zhou Yuerong , Leonard Michael
Published: November 2022

Reservoir operation optimisation is a decision support tool to assist reservoir operators with water release decisions to achieve management objectives, such as maximising water supply security, mitigating flood risk, and maximising hydroelectric power generation. The effectiveness of reservoir operation decisions is subject to uncertainty in system inputs, such as inflow and therefore, methods such as stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) have been traditionally used. However, these methods suffer from the three curses of dimensionality, modelling, and multiple objectives. Evolutionary algorithm (EA)-based simulation-optimisation frameworks such as the Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy Search (EMODPS) offer a new paradigm for multiobjective reservoir optimisation under uncertainty, directly addressing the shortcomings of SDP-based methods. They also enable the consideration of input uncertainty represented using ensemble forecasts that have become more accessible recently. However, there is no universally agreed approach to incorporate uncertainty into EA-based multiobjective reservoir operation policy optimisation and it is not clear which approach is more effective. Therefore, this study conducts a comparative analysis to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of different approaches to account for uncertainty in multiobjective reservoir operation policy optimisation via a real-world case study; and provide guidance on the selection of appropriate approaches. Based on the results obtained, it is evident that each approach has both advantages and limitations. A suitable approach needs to be carefully selected based on the needs of the study, e.g., whether a hard constraint is required, or a well-established decision-making process exists. In addition, potential gaps for future research are identified.
Municipal climate communication as a tool in amplifying local climate action and developing a place brand
Authors: Nousiainen Niina , Riekkinen Venla , Meriläinen Teemu
Published: November 2022

Both climate communication and place branding are familiar concepts, whose potentials have been recognized. Cities have engaged in communication and climate work for several years, yet studies linking municipal climate action and communication are scarce. We conducted targeted interviews and a broader survey of climate workers and communicators of forerunner municipalities in Finland and found gaps between climate action and communication. Synergies could be achieved if the two functioned in synchronicity rather than separate tasks, as words require actions, but full impacts of actions fall short without communication. Municipalities have progressed on both fronts but are hindered by lacking time and human resources. Results revealed several opportunities of climate communication in amplifying local climate action and strengthening municipal brand image, but many remain underexploited. Sufficient resources and stronger legitimacy are still needed for climate matters to be better integrated into everything the municipality does and communicates.
Incompleteness of graph neural networks for points clouds in three dimensions
Authors: Pozdnyakov Sergey N , Ceriotti Michele
Published: November 2022

Graph neural networks (GNN) are very popular methods in machine learning and have been applied very successfully to the prediction of the properties of molecules and materials. First-order GNNs are well known to be incomplete, i.e. there exist graphs that are distinct but appear identical when seen through the lens of the GNN. More complicated schemes have thus been designed to increase their resolving power. Applications to molecules (and more generally, point clouds), however, add a geometric dimension to the problem. The most straightforward and prevalent approach to construct graph representation for molecules regards atoms as vertices in a graph and draws a bond between each pair of atoms within a chosen cutoff. Bonds can be decorated with the distance between atoms, and the resulting ‘distance graph NNs’ (dGNN) have empirically demonstrated excellent resolving power and are widely used in chemical ML, with all known indistinguishable configurations being resolved in the fully-connected limit, which is equivalent to infinite or sufficiently large cutoff. Here we present a counterexample that proves that dGNNs are not complete even for the restricted case of fully-connected graphs induced by 3D atom clouds. We construct pairs of distinct point clouds whose associated graphs are, for any cutoff radius, equivalent based on a first-order Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test. This class of degenerate structures includes chemically-plausible configurations, both for isolated structures and for infinite structures that are periodic in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. The existence of indistinguishable configurations sets an ultimate limit to the expressive power of some of the well-established GNN architectures for atomistic machine learning. Models that explicitly use angular or directional information in the description of atomic environments can resolve this class of degeneracies.