bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized, prospective trial to assess the safety and efficacy of hilotherapy in patients after orthognathic surgery
Authors: Bonitz Lars , El-Karmi Adrian , Linssen Johannes , Abel Dietmar , Hassfeld Stefan , Bicsák Ákos
Published: March 2021

Purpose

A post-operative cooling method in oral and maxillofacial surgery is the cooling with hilotherapy. The aim of this study was the post-operative comparison of cooling temperatures of 18°C and 22°C. The parameters of this trial were swelling and the post-operative pain levels.

Methods

This study included 156 patients, divided into two groups among whom a mono-one, bignathic osteotomy or genioplasty was indicated. The post-operative assessment of swelling was performed using a 3D optical scanner. This examination was repeated on post-operative days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90. The examination on day 90 served as a reference value in respect of swelling and pain.

Results

Group 1 (18°C, 78 patients) showed an increase in post-operative swelling on the 1st post-OP day of 52.06 ± 35.41ml. The maximum was reached on the 2nd post-OP day with 75.82 ± 38.97ml. On the 30th post-OP day, residual swelling measured 11.60 ± 12.62ml. Group 2 (22 °C, 78 patients) showed an increase in postoperative swelling on the 1st post-OP day of 76.07 ± 63.15ml. The maximum was reached on the 2nd post-OP day with 106.97 ± 69.63 ml. On the 30th post-OP day, residual swelling measured 14.36 ± 32.26ml. The differences between the two groups and between different visits were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The study results indicate less residual swelling in group 1 on the 30th post-OP day, possible based on the lower cooling temperature. The post-operative pain exhibits a comparable level of pain intensity between the two groups. In overall terms, a subjectively more agreeable treatment was observed in group 1.
Pushing the switch: functional responses and prey switching by invasive lionfish may mediate their ecological impact
Authors: McCard Monica , South Josie , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dickey James W. E. , McCard Nathan , Dick Jaimie T. A.
Published: March 2021

Biodiversity is declining on a global scale and the spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is a major driver, particularly through predatory impacts. Thus, effective means of assessing and predicting the consequences of IAS predation on native prey population stability remains a vital goal for conservation. Here, we applied two classic ecological concepts, consumer functional response (FR) and prey switching, to predict and understand the ecological impacts of juveniles of the lionfish (Pterois volitans), a notorious and widespread marine invader. Functional responses and prey switching propensities were quantified towards three representative prey species:Artemia salina,Palaemonetes varians, andGammarus oceanicus. Lionfish exhibited potentially destabilising Type II FRs towards individual prey species, owing to high consumption rates at low prey densities, whilst FR magnitudes differed among prey species. Functional response attack rates (a) were highest, and handling times (h) lowest, towardsA. salina, followed byP. variansand thenG. oceanicus. Maximum feeding rates (1/h) and functional response ratios (FRR;a/h) also followed this impact gradient for the three prey species. Lionfish, however, displayed a potentially population stabilising prey switching propensity (i.e. frequency-dependent predation) when multiple prey species were presented simultaneously, where disproportionately less of rare prey, and more of abundant prey, were consumed. Whilst FR and FRR magnitudes indicate markedper capitalionfish predatory impacts towards prey species, a strong prey switching propensity may reduce in-field impacts by offering low density prey refuge in biodiverse communities. Our results thus corroborate field patterns documenting variable impacts of lionfish, with prey extirpations less likely in diverse communities owing to frequency-dependent predation.
Determination of stellar parameters for Ariel targets: a comparison analysis between different spectroscopic methods
Authors: Brucalassi Anna , Tsantaki Maria , Magrini Laura , Sousa Sergio , Danielski Camilla , Biazzo Katia , Casali Giada , Van der Swaelmen Mathieu , Rainer Monica , Adibekyan Vardan , Delgado-Mena Elisa , Sanna Nicoletta
Published: March 2021

Ariel has been selected as the next ESA M4 science mission and it is expected to be launched in 2028. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will observe the atmospheres of a large and diversified population of transiting exoplanets. A key factor for the achievement of the scientific goal of Ariel is the selection strategy for the definition of the input target list. A meaningful choice of the targets requires an accurate knowledge of the planet hosting star properties and this is necessary to be obtained well before the launch. In this work, we present the results of a bench-marking analysis between three different spectroscopic techniques used to determine stellar parameters for a selected number of targets belonging to the Ariel reference sample. We aim to consolidate a method that will be used to homogeneously determine the stellar parameters of the complete Ariel reference sample. Homogeneous, accurate and precise derivation of stellar parameters is crucial for characterising exoplanet-host stars and in turn is a key factor for the accuracy of the planet properties.
Thermally conductive poly(ether ether ketone)/boron nitride composites with low coefficient of thermal expansion
Authors: Ghosh Barun , Xu Fang , Hou Xianghui
Published: March 2021

The substantial heat generation due to miniaturization and high-degree integration of electronic devices is one of the major issues to facilitate efficient thermal management in power electronics. Though epoxy-based composites have shown great interest in different applications such as laminated circuit board, electronic component encapsulations, and potting, they have low application temperature (up to 150 °C) and higher mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the heat source and heat sink. Here, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoplatelets have been developed by liquid mixing and re-melting method for a step change in composite materials with lower CTE and significantly improved thermal dissipation capability. The lowest achieved CTE is 2.1 µm m−1 K−1, and the highest thermal conductivity is 1.04 W m−1 K−1 in PEEK/hBN composites at 30 wt% hybrid hBN content (hBN platelets with two different sizes, i.e. 70 nm and 500 nm, taken as 1:1 weight ratio), due to the formation of thermally conductive inter-filler networks. The composites show negligible variation in K with the working temperature up to 250 °C. The developed composites also exhibit excellent electrical insulation properties; thus, they will have good potential in thermal management for power electronic applications.

Graphical abstract
Quantum gravity and Riemannian geometry on the fuzzy sphere
Authors: Lira-Torres Evelyn , Majid Shahn
Published: March 2021

We study the quantum geometry of the fuzzy sphere defined as the angular momentum algebra $$[x_i,x_j]=2\imath \lambda _p \epsilon _{ijk}x_k$$

[

x
i

,

x
j

]

=
2
ı

λ
p

ϵ

ijk

x
k

modulo setting $$\sum _i x_i^2$$

∑
i

x
i
2

to a constant, using a recently introduced 3D rotationally invariant differential structure. Metrics are given by symmetric $$3 \times 3$$

3
×
3

matrices g and we show that for each metric there is a unique quantum Levi-Civita connection with constant coefficients, with scalar curvature $$ \frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{Tr}(g^2)-\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Tr}(g)^2)/\det (g)$$

1
2

(
Tr

(

g
2

)

-

1
2

Tr

(
g
)

2

)

/
det

(
g
)

. As an application, we construct Euclidean quantum gravity on the fuzzy unit sphere. We also calculate the charge 1 monopole for the 3D differential structure.
Prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with glioblastoma or brain metastases and atrial fibrillation: an increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage?
Authors: Burth Sina , Ohmann Mona , Kronsteiner Dorothea , Kieser Meinhard , Löw Sarah , Riedemann Lars , Laible Mona , Berberich Anne , Drüschler Katharina , Rizos Timolaos , Wick Antje , Winkler Frank , Wick Wolfgang , Nagel Simon
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) or brain metastases (MET) and atrial fibrillation (AF) might be at an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to anticoagulation (AC). Our aim was to assess this risk.

Methods

Our institution’s database (from 2005 to 2017) was screened for patients with GBM or MET and AF with an indication for AC according to their CHA2DS2VASc stroke risk score (≥ 2). Required follow-up was at least 3 months. AC was either performed with heparins, phenprocoumon or non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. Applying the propensity score approach, patient cohorts (matched according to primary tumor, age, sex) were generated (GBM [or MET] with AF ± AC, GBM [or MET] without AF/AC, no GBM [or MET] but AF on AC). ICH was defined as clinical deterioration caused by new blood on imaging. A log rank test was performed to compare the risk for ICH between the three groups.

Results

In total, 104 patients were identified of which 49 with GBM (37% on AC) and 37 with MET (46% on AC) were successfully matched. Median follow up was 8.6 and 7.2 months, respectively. ICH occurred in 10.2% of GBM + AF and 12.2% GBM-AF, whereas 8% of patients with AF on AC suffered ICH (p = 0.076). 13.5% of patients with MET + AF had ICHs, in the controls it was 16% for MET-AF and 8% for AF on AC (p = 0.11).

Conclusion

AC did not seem to influence the incidence of ICH in patients with glioblastoma or brain metastases within follow up of just under 9 months.
Unamuno on making oneself indispensable and having the strength to long for immortality
Authors: Buben Adam
Published: March 2021

Unamuno believes that longing for immortality is what motivates nearly all of human behavior. Unfortunately, in a world in which many people despair of ever achieving true personal immortality, we increasingly turn to what he calls mere “shadows of immortality” for comforting ideas about how our names, energy, or basic material substance will carry on in our absence. Unamuno advocates fighting against such despair, staying out of the shadows, and longing for personal immortality even when it seems impossible. Unamuno’s approach to this issue resembles, in a few significant ways, Kierkegaard’s struggle for the cultivation of subjective selfhood. At the same time, it also runs afoul of Nietzsche’s derisive claims about immortality-seekers. Whereas Nietzsche sees longing for immortality as a sign of being too weak to make the most of mortal life, the more Kierkegaardian Unamuno counters that it is a sign of strong appreciation for life to demand, without surrender, that there be more of it. Given the proper understanding of Nietzsche’s claims about the eternal recurrence, I think he and Unamuno might not be quite as far apart as it initially seems. However, exploring the latter’s critique of the former suggests an intriguing way of seeing the contemporary analytic debate about the desirability of immortality. Building on Unamuno’s position, one could argue that pessimism about the value of immortality is actually indicative of a flawed character and an impoverished relationship with life.
Prescribing trends of oral anticoagulants in England over the last decade: a focus on new and old drugs and adverse events reporting
Authors: Afzal Saima , Zaidi Syed Tabish Razi , Merchant Hamid A. , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din , Hasan Syed Shahzad
Published: March 2021

Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are replacing conventional VKA (vitamin K antagonist, i.e., warfarin) for various indications where a therapeutic anticoagulant effect is desired. We evaluated the prescribing patterns of the DOACs and warfarin, cost implications of the increasing DOACs prescribing, and deduce the reporting of serious and fatal events, during 2009–2019 in primary care England. Prescriptions and fatal or serious adverse events reporting data, between 2009 and 2019 were analysed, using linear regression to examine the trends in prescriptions, costs, and serious and fatal events reporting. We also compared the prescribing trends of four direct-acting oral anticoagulants and warfarin, normalised to per 1000 clinical commissioning group (CCG) patient population for the year 2019 to better understand the regional differences in DOACs prescribing. The overall use of any DOACs (as a proportion of total anticoagulants) increased from 16% in 2015 to 62% in 2019 with an average increase of 87% (95% CI 83.1, 90.5) per year. The reporting of serious and fatal events associated with DOACs decreased by 6% (95% CI 12.5, − 0.1) per year. Apixaban is by far the most prescribed with an average drug cost increasing to 156% (95% CI 140, 172) per year. In England, the lowest anticoagulant prescribing region was Greater London whereas the highest prescribing regions were Yorkshire and Humber for DOACs and the East Midlands for warfarin. Interestingly, Lancashire, Merseyside, and Cheshire showed a higher usage for warfarin over DOACs. The differing prescription patterns could be a result of changes in national guidelines and increasing population. Nevertheless, DOACs appear to make an increasing contribution to total anticoagulant prescription items and costs.
Optimized data center site selection—mesoclimatic effects on data center energy consumption and costs
Authors: Turek Dirk , Radgen Peter
Published: March 2021

The effect of the location on the energy consumption of data centers has already been studied in detail on the macro-climatic level. To take advantage of these effects, however, it is usually necessary for the location of data centers to cross international borders. The influence of site changes within national borders and in a small radius of < 100 km has not yet been quantified. To investigate this, a dynamic mathematical model of the temperature-dependent components of a reference data center was created and the influence on the energy consumption in an area of 240 × 215 km in Germany was investigated. It could be shown that even small changes of the location within a 10 km radius of a location lead to annual energy savings in the recirculating chiller of 9.12% on average (maximum 56.58%). With a freedom of location of 100 km within national borders, savings of 37.35% on average (maximum 76.11%) are even possible. Location-dependent optimizations are therefore also relevant at local and national level with regard to their influence on energy consumption, and the consideration of mesoclimatic aspects should be an elementary part of the site selection process for data centers in the future.
NMR resonance assignments for a docking domain pair with an attached thiolation domain from the PAX peptide-producing NRPS from Xenorhabdus cabanillasii
Authors: Watzel Jonas , Sarawi Sepas , Duchardt-Ferner Elke , Bode Helge B. , Wöhnert Jens
Published: March 2021

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large multienzyme machineries. They synthesize numerous important natural products starting from amino acids. For peptide synthesis functionally specialized NRPS modules interact in a defined manner. Individual modules are either located on a single or on multiple different polypeptide chains. The “peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus” (PAX) peptide producing NRPS PaxS from Xenorhabdus bacteria consists of the three proteins PaxA, PaxB and PaxC. Different docking domains (DDs) located at the N-termini of PaxB and PaxC and at the C-termini of PaxA and BaxB mediate specific non-covalent interactions between them. The N-terminal docking domains precede condensation domains while the C-terminal docking domains follow thiolation domains. The binding specificity of individual DDs is important for the correct assembly of multi-protein NRPS systems. In many multi-protein NRPS systems the docking domains are sufficient to mediate the necessary interactions between individual protein chains. However, it remains unclear if this is a general feature for all types of structurally different docking domains or if the neighboring domains in some cases support the function of the docking domains. Here, we report the 1H, 13C and 15 N NMR resonance assignments for a C-terminal di-domain construct containing a thiolation (T) domain followed by a C-terminal docking domain (CDD) from PaxA and for its binding partner – the N-terminal docking domain (NDD) from PaxB from the Gram-negative entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus cabanillasii JM26 in their free states and for a 1:1 complex formed by the two proteins. These NMR resonance assignments will facilitate further structural and dynamic studies of this protein complex.
Intensification, regulation and diversification: The changing face of inland aquaculture in China
Authors: Newton Richard , Zhang Wenbo , Xian Zhaoxing , McAdam Bruce , Little David C.
Published: March 2021

Trends in aquatic food consumption were matched against farm production surveys within Hubei province and compared to official production data and statistics. Surveys showed that consumer tastes were changing to a much broader aquatic food menu as their spending power increased. Traditional aquaculture species were becoming less profitable due to reduced profit margins as input costs increased and consumption preferences changed. Consequently, many producers were diversifying their production to meet local demand. Some farmers were also de-intensifying by reducing commercial aquafeed inputs and reverting to more traditional methods of dyke-crop culture to optimise trade-offs between input costs and labour, and manage their risk more effectively. In addition, analysis of local data showed that wholesale changes were occurring to aquaculture production as environmental protection legislation took effect which reduced the growing area for carps considerably.
Government Statistical Agencies and the Politics of Credibility
Authors: Howard Cosmo Wyndham
Published: March 2021

Who decides how official statistics are produced? Do politicians have control or are key decisions left to statisticians in independent statistical agencies? Interviews with statisticians in Australia, Canada, Sweden, the UK and the USA were conducted to get insider perspectives on the nature of decision making in government statistical administration. While the popular adage suggests there are 'lies, damned lies and statistics', this research shows that official statistics in liberal democracies are far from mistruths; they are consistently insulated from direct political interference. Yet, a range of subtle pressures and tensions exist that governments and statisticians must manage. The power over statistics is distributed differently in different countries, and this book explains why. Differences in decision-making powers across countries are the result of shifting pressures politicians and statisticians face to be credible, and the different national contexts that provide distinctive institutional settings for the production of government numbers.
Desperate Remedies
Authors: Hardy Thomas
Published: March 2021

Hardy's first published novel, Desperate Remedies (1871), a piece of sensation fiction that encompasses illegitimacy, murder, blackmail, impersonation, and bigamy, was originally published anonymously. Written while, in Hardy's own words, he was 'feeling his way to a method', it nonetheless contains early examples of the kinds of extreme situations and emotions that continued to play a significant role in his later plots. As part of The Cambridge Edition of the Novels and Stories of Thomas Hardy, this edition of the novel provides an authoritative text; full scholarly apparatus that allows the reader to trace Hardy's creative process; an introductory essay discussing the work's composition, publication, and critical reception; and comprehensive explanatory notes.
Katian (Late Ordovician) conodonts on the northwestern margin of the North China Craton
Authors: Yang Zhihua , Jing Xiuchun , Zhou Hongrui , Wang Xunlian , Ren Hui , Shen Yang , Fan Ru
Published: March 2021

Upper Ordovician strata exposed from the Baiyanhuashan section is the most representative Late Ordovician unit in the northwestern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). In total, 1,215 conodont specimens were obtained from 24 samples through the Wulanhudong and Baiyanhuashan formations at the Baiyanhuashan section. Thirty-six species belonging to 17 genera, includingTasmanognathus coronatusnew species, are present. Based on this material, three conodont biozones—theBelodina confluensBiozone, theYaoxianognathus neimengguensisBiozone, and theYaoxianognathus yaoxianensisBiozone—have been documented, suggesting that the Baiyanhuashan conodont fauna has a stratigraphic range spanning the early to middle Katian. The Baiyanhuashan conodont fauna includes species both endemic to North China and widespread in tropical zones, allowing a reassessment of the previous correlations of the Katian conodont zonal successions proposed for North China with those established for shallow-water carbonate platforms at low latitudes.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/7cedbd4a-4f7a-4be6-912f-a27fd041b586
Why Did Paul Skip Alexandria? Paul's Missionary Strategy and the Rise of Christianity in Alexandria
Authors: Schliesser Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Why did Paul skip Alexandria? Why is there a blank spot on his missionary map? What prompted him to make plans to travel west rather than south? The lack of scholarly interest in this question is almost as conspicuous as the lack of sources for earliest Christianity in Alexandria. This article surveys and categorises the rather random hypotheses offered in scholarship. They relate to Paul's self-understanding as a missionary, to his theologicalraison d’être, to religious and cultural aspects, and to political circumstances. The most plausible answer concerns early Christian mission strategy: Paul skipped Alexandria because it was a Jewish city and as such part of the Jewish-Christian mission.
‘God the Father’ or ‘God our Father’? Galatians 1.4–9 on a Miniature Parchment Leaf
Authors: Kotyl Marcin
Published: March 2021

This article publishes for the first time a Sahidic parchment leaf containing portions of Gal 1.4–9. Its main interest lies in the omission of the possessive in Gal 1.4d, which reads ‘God the Father’ as opposed to the mainstream ‘God our Father’. Two possible explanations are proposed: scribal error or translational assimilation, involving the more complex question of the relationship between the Coptic and Greek versions. Beyond the biblical textual criticism, this article also adds to the study of miniature codices.
The Final Judgement as Ritual Purgation of the Cosmos: The Influence of Scapegoat Traditions on Matt 25.31–46
Authors: Moscicke Hans M.
Published: March 2021

In this article, I argue that Leviticus 16 and early Jewish Day of Atonement traditions have influenced the imagery of the sheep and the goats in Matt 25.31–46. The ritual shading that this judgement scene acquires in light of its use of Yom Kippur imagery fits well into Matthew's overarching interest in moral purity. The drama of moral impurity in the Gospel of Matthew concludes with the Son of Man's eschatological purgation of iniquity from the cosmos in a manner reminiscent of the yearly expulsion of moral impurity from Israel's temple by means of the scapegoat ritual. Building on the insights of scholars who have attempted to demonstrate Matthew's knowledge of Son of Man traditions attested in the Parables of Enoch, this article also contends that Azazel traditions contained in that same Enochic booklet have influenced the portrayal of the goats’ banishment in Matt 25.41, a conclusion that becomes more probable in light of Matthew's unique application of the Asael tradition attested in 1 En. 10.4 at the end of his Parable of the Wedding Feast (Matt 22.13).
Mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding probiotic use during pregnancy and for their infants in Turkey
Authors: Cevik Guner Umran , Kissal Aygül
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The current study was conducted to determine mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding probiotic use during pregnancy and for infants between 6 months and 2 years old.

Design:

The study had a cross-sectional design, and the data were collected using a Socio-demographic Information Form and a Probiotic Information and Attitude Form. The data were evaluated using frequency, percentage and χ2 tests.

Setting:

Two hospitals of one province in the central Black Sea Region, Turkey.

Participants:

519 mothers with infants between 6 months and 2 years old who had been hospitalised in paediatric clinics participated in the study.

Results:

20·2 % of the mothers knew what a probiotic was, 33·1 % of them had knowledge of specific probiotic products and 49·7 % of them knew that breast milk contains probiotics. A statistically significant difference was found between mothers’ knowledge of probiotics and probiotic products, and their ages, education, employment, income, family structure and whether they were actively breast-feeding (P < 0·05). A statistically significant difference was found between the mothers’ knowledge that breast milk contains probiotics and their ages, education, employment, income, family structure, age of children and actively breast-feeding (P < 0·05).

Conclusion:

The study found that the mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding probiotics were inadequate, and that they traditionally used natural products in their daily lives. Evidence-based educational activities should be designed which include information about the definition of probiotics, and their benefits and disadvantages for mothers. Further studies are needed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals regarding the use of probiotics by mothers with infants and pregnant women.
Food insecurity and housing affordability among low-income families: does housing assistance reduce food insecurity?
Authors: Seo Bo Kyong , Park Gum-Ryeong
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Given the competing needs for food and housing under the limited household income among poor families, there is lack of research on the associations between housing affordability and food insecurity. The current study examines how housing cost burden affects food insecurity of low-income families and whether decreased housing cost enhances food security.

Design:

Longitudinal data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study, of which the final sample for the analysis consisted of 31 304 household-level observations from 5466 households based on twelve waves (2007–2018).

Setting:

South Korea.

Participants:

Low-income households in the lowest 40 % of household income distribution.

Results:

19·3 % had food insecurity, and housing cost burden was associated with food insecurity. While in-kind housing assistance and in-cash assistance from all sources were likely to reduce food insecurity partially through influencing housing cost burden, in-cash housing assistance was associated with higher likelihood of food insecurity.

Conclusions:

Housing cost burden potentially limits food access among poor families, and housing assistance, particularly public housing and sufficient in-cash assistance, is conducive to alleviating food insecurity.
Cranial morphology of the middle Permian pareiasaurNochelesaurus alexanderifrom the Karoo Basin of South Africa
Authors: VAN DEN BRANDT Marc J. , RUBIDGE Bruce S. , BENOIT Julien , ABDALA Fernando
Published: March 2021

Pareiasaurs were globally distributed, abundant, herbivorous parareptiles with the basal-most members found only in the mid-Permian of South Africa. These basal forms form a monophyletic group and were locally abundant and became extinct at the top of theTapinocephalusAssemblage Zone at the end of the Guadalupian. Four species of basal pareiasaurs are currently recognised:Bradysaurus baini, B. seeleyi,Embrithosaurus schwarziandNochelesaurus alexanderi, but they are all poorly understood and there remains historic uncertainty as to their validity. In this paper, our second contribution designed to improve understanding of the basal group, we present the first detailed cranial description and updated diagnosis forNochelesaurus alexanderiand demonstrate that it is a distinct taxon based on one cranial autapomorphy, a large transversely wide postparietal, and a combination of cranial characters. Within the local group of mid-Permian pareiasaurs, we recognise new dental features ofNochelesaurus alexanderi: non-symmetrical marginal cusp arrangements on upper and lower teeth resulting from an extra basal mesial cusp; an incipient horizontal cingulum on lower jaw teeth, sometimes with one or two tiny medial cingular cusps; and up to ten marginal cusps. Our study demonstrates that tooth morphology and orientation, cranial ornamentation, morphology of the cheek bosses, shape of the postfrontal and postparietal, and morphology of the distal paroccipital process of the opisthotic are the most useful to identify South African mid-Permian pareiasaurs.
Verpasste Chancen: Die neuen diagnostischen Leitlinien zur Lese-, Rechtschreib- und Rechenstörung der ICD-11
Authors: Schulte-Körne Gerd
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung. Die ICD-11 bedeutet für die Diagnostik und Klassifikation der Lese-, Rechtschreib- und der Rechenstörung sowohl Veränderung in dem Störungsbegriff als auch in den diagnostischen Kriterien. Die ICD-10 hat diese Störungen als schulische Entwicklungsstörungen klassifiziert, in der ICD-11 werden diese Störungen als Lernstörungen in der Gruppe der „neurodevelopmental disorders“ zusammen mit der ADHS, Depression, Autismus, Tourette-Syndrom und Schizophrenie zusammengefasst. Eine wesentliche Veränderung ist die Klassifikation einer isolierten Lesestörung und die Erweiterung der Rechtschreibstörung als Störung des schriftsprachlichen Ausdrucks. Die diagnostischen Kriterien erhalten nach wie vor das IQ-Diskrepanzkriterium, das sowohl in der Praxis als auch durch die Forschungsergebnisse nicht mehr unterstützt wird.
Traffic networks are vulnerable to disinformation attacks
Authors: Waniek Marcin , Raman Gururaghav , AlShebli Bedoor , Peng Jimmy Chih-Hsien , Rahwan Talal
Published: March 2021

Disinformation continues to raise concerns due to its increasing threat to society. Nevertheless, a threat of a disinformation-based attack on critical infrastructure is often overlooked. Here, we consider urban traffic networks and focus on fake information that manipulates drivers’ decisions to create congestion at a city scale. Specifically, we consider two complementary scenarios, one where drivers are persuaded to move towards a given location, and another where they are persuaded to move away from it. We study the optimization problem faced by the adversary when choosing which streets to target to maximize disruption. We prove that finding an optimal solution is computationally intractable, implying that the adversary has no choice but to settle for suboptimal heuristics. We analyze one such heuristic, and compare the cases when targets are spread across the city of Chicago vs. concentrated in its business district. Surprisingly, the latter results in more far-reaching disruption, with its impact felt as far as 2 km from the closest target. Our findings demonstrate that vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure may arise not only from hardware and software, but also from behavioral manipulation.
Author Correction: Physicochemical properties, droplet size and volatility of dicamba with herbicides and adjuvants on tank-mixture
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Henrique Urach , Thiesen Leonardo Vinicius , Pelegrini Gabriela , Ramos Maria Fernanda Tavares , Pinto Matheus Moreira Dantas , da Costa Ferreira Marcelo
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Low nitrogen retention in a Japanese cedar plantation in a suburban area, western Japan
Authors: Yang Ru , Chiwa Masaaki
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen (N) leaching from Japanese cedar, the main plantation species in Japan, in response to elevated atmospheric N deposition. N leaching and possible factors, including soil nitrification, tree N uptake, and topographic steepness, were evaluated in mature (64–69 year) Japanese cedar trees planted on steep slopes (25°–40°) and neighboring Japanese oak plantations in suburban forests, which served as reference sites. N fertilization (50 kg N ha−1 year−1 as ammonium nitrate) was conducted to evaluate the response of N leaching to an elevated inorganic N pool in the surface soil. The soil water nitrate (NO3−) concentration below the rooting zone in the Japanese cedar forest (607 ± 59 μmol L−1) was much higher than that in the Japanese oak plantations (8.7 ± 8.1 μmol L−1) and increased immediately after fertilization, indicating high N leaching from the Japanese cedar plantations. The relatively low N uptake by Japanese cedar planted on the steep slopes could be an important contributor to the high N leaching. This study highlights the importance of vegetation composition for managing the water quality in headwater streams from forest ecosystems disturbed by atmospheric N deposition.
Residual-baseda posteriorierror analysis for the coupling of the Navier–Stokes and Darcy–Forchheimer equations
Authors: Caucao Sergio , Gatica Gabriel N. , Oyarzúa Ricardo , Sandoval Felipe
Published: March 2021

In this paper we consider a mixed variational formulation that have been recently proposed for the coupling of the Navier–Stokes and Darcy–Forchheimer equations, and derive, though in a non-standard sense, a reliable and efficient residual-baseda posteriorierror estimator suitable for an adaptive mesh-refinement method. For the reliability estimate, which holds with respect to the square root of the error estimator, we make use of the inf-sup condition and the strict monotonicity of the operators involved, a suitable Helmholtz decomposition in non-standard Banach spaces in the porous medium, local approximation properties of the Clément interpolant and Raviart–Thomas operator, and a smallness assumption on the data. In turn, inverse inequalities, the localization technique based on triangle-bubble and edge-bubble functions in localLpspaces, are the main tools for developing the efficiency analysis, which is valid for the error estimator itself up to a suitable additional error term. Finally, several numerical results confirming the properties of the estimator and illustrating the performance of the associated adaptive algorithm are reported.
Le confinement ou la prescription du symptôme phobique
Authors: Lacour Gonay Catherine
Published: March 2021

Le confinement a conduit à prescrire des conditions que l’on retrouve comme symptômes chez les adolescents avec des troubles de phobie scolaire.

Les adolescents se sont retrouvés enfermés, isolés à la maison avec leur famille et une scolarité à distance. Paradoxalement, dans notre expérience, ce sont certains adolescents dits « phobiques scolaires » qui semblent avoir présenté des facteurs de protection vis à vis des troubles psychiques engendrés par ce confinement dans un contexte de pandémie.
Modification du cadre thérapeutique dans un contexte épidémique
Authors: Fortineau Jacques
Published: March 2021

L’auteur présente chez un patient obsessionnel suivi en analyse depuis plusieurs années l’incidence des périodes de confinement et déconfinement lors de l’épidémie de Covid-19 sur sa symptomatologie. La paradoxalité de l’amélioration sous la contrainte du confinement est soulignée. La reprise du processus thérapeutique, auparavant indéfiniment distancié, a permis, plusieurs mois après le déconfinement, d’aborder des problématiques existentielles libératrices. La résolution progressive de ses troubles en lien avec sa gémellité est enfin envisageable.
Aurore, la famille et le coronavirus (ou les possibles vertus de la crise)
Authors: Martin Brice , Perri Isabelle
Published: March 2021

À travers la situation d’une jeune femme, Aurore, âgée de 21 ans, présentant des troubles du comportement accueillie jusqu’à alors de façon individuelle, nous évoquons l’impact du confinement lié au coronavirus sur la mise à jour explicite d’une situation de conflit parental jusque-là étouffée. La dimension mobilisatrice du confinement, susceptible de permettre l’émergence d’une nouvelle lecture de la situation clinique et de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques, est discutée.
L’hospitalisation de jour : un nouvel outil en addictologie
Authors: Wallenhorst Thomas , Cornet Jacques , Liechti Nadia , Massicard Caroline , Euvrard Hélène
Published: March 2021

La mise en place de l’hôpital de jour a été un pari sur le plan institutionnel car l’équipe a osé commencer à moyens constants : chacun a voulu s’engager pour un pourcentage de son emploi de temps alors qu’il travaillait déjà dans une autre unité. La viabilité économique a été prouvée, ce qui a permis l’embauche de personnels et l’augmentation de l’activité.

Un travail spécialisé en addictologie avait commencé en 2001 par la création d’un Centre de Cure Ambulatoire en Addictologie (CCAA) devenu la Consultation Hospitalière en Addictologie (CHA) par la suite. Outre la nouvelle activité de consultation, les professionnels se sont appuyés sur le sevrage institutionnel (5 lits réservés dans une unité de psychiatrie générale) et une activité de liaison (ELSA).

Les soins associent des prises en charge individuelles et en groupe. Les intervenants sont formés pour chercher les ressources des patients dans le but de les inviter à y prendre appui pour les développer : ils savent travailler, à la fois, avec les résistances et avec l’ambivalence des patients. Le groupe de parole toutes les semaines pendant deux heures est un des piliers des soins. Il sera proposé à chaque participant, à la fois, un apprentissage d’écouter ce qui se passe dans sa vie intérieure, d’écouter les autres participants et de prendre la parole pour parler de son vécu.

L’hospitalisation de jour ne sera pas un outil pour tout patient souffrant d’une problématique addictive. Il s’adresse à des patients plus vulnérables concernant leur problème alcool. Le fait de rencontrer les patients plusieurs fois par semaine permet d’observer leurs états émotionnels et leurs fonctionnements, ce qui permet d’y réagir et d’intervenir.
La paranoïa dans Le Conte d’Hiver de W. Shakespeare
Authors: Brémaud Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Leontes - le protagoniste principal du Conte d’Hiver de Shakespeare - nous amène à nous questionner sur un certain nombre de points relatifs à la psychose paranoïaque : déclenchement, rapport au savoir et à la vérité, interprétations et certitudes délirantes, stabilisation. La revue sélective de la littérature que nous consacrons au Conte d’hiver met en relief cette dimension interprétative caractéristique de la folie de Leontes. Nous proposerons ainsi d’articuler - avec l’appui de l’enseignement de J. Lacan - vérité et savoir, plus spécialement dans le registre de la paranoïa. Nous nous intéresserons aux interprétations et aux convictions délirantes de Leontes en nous référant notamment aux travaux classiques de Sérieux et Capgras (1909). Enfin, compte tenu de la transformation radicale de Leontes dans l’Acte III, nous devrons également dire quelques mots sur ce que l’on entend sous le terme de « stabilisation ». En effet, jusqu’ici, sa folie furieuse emplie d’interprétations délirantes à thème de jalousie n’avait cessé de croître. Subitement, suite à un événement réel mettant en jeu à la fois la question de la perte et celle de la paternité, les flammes de son délire s’éteignent.
Deformation quantization on the cotangent bundle of a Lie group
Authors: Domański Ziemowit
Published: March 2021

We develop a complete theory of non-formal deformation quantization on the cotangent bundle of a weakly exponential Lie group. An appropriate integral formula for the star-product is introduced together with a suitable space of functions on which the star-product is well defined. This space of functions becomes a Fréchet algebra as well as a pre-C*-algebra. Basic properties of the star-product are proved, and the extension of the star-product to a Hilbert algebra and an algebra of distributions is given. A C*-algebra of observables and a space of states are constructed. Moreover, an operator representation in position space is presented. Finally, examples of weakly exponential Lie groups are given.
Investigation on secondary electron emission characteristics of double-layer structures
Authors: Wang Dan , He Yongning , Guo Junjiang , Cai Yahui , Mao Zhangsong , Ye Ming
Published: March 2021

Secondary electron (SE) emission (SEE) from material surfaces is a frequent phenomenon in space and vacuum environments. SEE modulation is important since it governs the performance of some devices such as electronic multipliers or induces some detrimental effects such as multipactors. Surface coating has been reported to modulate SEE effectively, whereas SEE behaviors of coating structures are not clearly understood yet, and the appropriate theory to describe SEE characteristics quantitatively for coating structures is less developed so far. Here, we have prepared four alumina coatings possessing various thicknesses to research the SEE characteristics of coating structures and have shown how the coating thickness affects the SEE behaviors. Besides, by considering coating/substrate as an ideal double-layer structure, we have derived several equations to describe the producing, transmitting, and escaping processes of excited inner SEs and finally constructed a unidimensional SEE model for double-layer structures. The model is applicable to reveal the dependence of true SE yield (TSEY) on the top and bottom layers’ physical properties and estimate TSEY proportions contributed by the top and bottom layers at random energy points. By employing the concept, SEE characteristics of Al2O3/Si, MgO/Si, and TiO2/Si double-layer structures have been quantitatively interpreted. Moreover, the abnormal SEY curve with a double-hump shape, which is induced by the peak position distinction of SiO2/Si structures, can also be explained. This work is of great significance to comprehend TSEY modulating regularities of various double-layer structures applied in surface engineering.
Quantum-spin-Hall phases and 2D topological insulating states in atomically thin layers
Authors: Haruyama Junji
Published: March 2021

The quantum-spin-Hall (QSH) phase and its helical edge spins of two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TIs) are attracting increasing attention. The helical edge spin currents are a favorite to applications in dissipationless spintronic devices with low error rates because the spin currents existing along sample 1D edges are topologically protected in time-reversal symmetry and are easily controlled by external bias voltages. Moreover, combining the 1D edge spin currents with ferromagnetic or superconductor electrodes yields various exciting phenomena and those applications to innovative quantum devices. Nevertheless, reports of 2D TIs and QSH phases (particularly at high temperatures) have been rare and mainly in semiconductor 2D quantum wells. Here, I introduce and discuss how 2D TI states and QSH phases can be created and applied to innovative quantum (spintronic) devices, particularly in atomically thin layers (such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenide family, which is energetically studied and have demonstrated large topological bulk gaps recently). Research of 2D TIs on atom-thin (or few) layers and those application must open a door to next-generation quantum architectures (such as topological quantum computation utilizing the Majorana fermion).
Study of SiGeSn/GeSn single quantum well toward high-performance all-group-IV optoelectronics
Authors: Abernathy Grey , Zhou Yiyin , Ojo Solomon , Alharthi Bader , Grant Perry C. , Du Wei , Margetis Joe , Tolle John , Kuchuk Andrian , Li Baohua , Yu Shui-Qing
Published: March 2021

Recent progress on (Si)GeSn optoelectronic devices holds great promise for photonic integration on Si substrates. In parallel to the development of bulk devices, (Si)GeSn-based quantum wells (QWs) have been investigated, aiming to improve device performance. While multiple QW structures are preferred for the device applications, a single quantum well (SQW) is more suitable for optical property studies. In this work, a comprehensive study of an SiGeSn/GeSn SQW was conducted. The calculated band diagram provided band alignment and energies of possible transitions. This SQW features a direct bandgap well with L–Γ valley energy separation of 50 meV, and barrier heights for both electron and hole are greater than 80 meV. Using two continuous-wave and two pulsed pumping lasers, the analysis of PL spectra allows for identifying different transitions and a better understanding of the SQW optical properties. This study could provide guidance for advancing the future QW design toward device applications.
Cavity molecular dynamics simulations of vibrational polariton-enhanced molecular nonlinear absorption
Authors: Li Tao E. , Nitzan Abraham , Subotnik Joseph E.
Published: March 2021

Recent experiments have observed that the chemical and photophysical properties of molecules can be modified inside an optical Fabry–Pérot microcavity under collective vibrational strong coupling (VSC) conditions, and such modification is currently not well understood by theory. In an effort to understand the origin of such cavity-induced phenomena, some recent studies have focused on the effect of the cavity environment on the nonlinear optical response of the molecular subsystem. Here, we use a recently proposed protocol for classical cavity molecular dynamics simulations to numerically investigate the linear and the nonlinear response of liquid carbon dioxide under such VSC conditions following an optical pulse excitation. We find that applying a strong pulse of excitation to the lower hybrid light–matter state, i.e., the lower polariton (LP), can lead to an overall molecular nonlinear absorption that is enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude relative to the excitation outside the cavity. This polariton-enhanced multiphoton absorption also causes an ultrashort LP lifetime (0.2 ps) under strong illumination. Unlike usual polariton relaxation processes—whereby polaritonic energy transfers directly to the manifold of singly excited vibrational dark states—under the present mechanism, the LP transfers energy directly to the manifold of higher vibrationally excited dark states; these highly excited dark states subsequently relax to the manifold of singly excited states with a lifetime of tens of ps. Because the present mechanism is generic in nature, we expect these numerical predictions to be experimentally observed in different molecular systems and in cavities with different volumes.