bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some sequence spaces and completeness of normed spaces
Authors:   SIIRT UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS KEZER CAMPUS, 56100, SIIRT, TURKEY E-mail address: ra.kama12@gmail.com, KAMA RAMAZAN , ALTAY BILAL ,   INONU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION CENTRAL CAMPUS, BATTALGAZI, 44280, MALATYA, TURKEY E-mail address: bilal.altay@inonu.edu.tr
Published: May 2021

In this paper we introduce new sequence spaces obtained by series in normed spaces and Cesaro summability method. We prove that completeness ´ and barrelledness of a normed space can be characterized by means of these sequence spaces. Also we establish some inclusion relationships associated with the aforementioned sequence spaces.
Convergence of a Newton-like S-iteration process in R
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ATATURK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE, 25240 ERZURUM, TURKEY E-mail address: nazli.kadioglu@atauni.edu.tr, KARACA NAZLI , ABBAS MUJAHID ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS LAHORE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES 54792 LAHORE, PAKISTAN E-mail address: mujahid@lums.edu.pk, YILDIRIM ISA ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ATATURK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE, 25240 ERZURUM, TURKEY E-mail address: isayildirim@atauni.edu.tr
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to show that Newton-like S-iteration method converges to the unique solution of the scalar nonlinear equation f(x) = 0 under weaker conditions involving only f and f 0. We also present numerical examples to support our analytical results.
Certain Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities associated with conformable fractional integral operators
Authors:   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ORDU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ARTS, ORDU, TURKEY E-mail address: erhanset@yahoo.com, SET ERHAN , CELIK BARIS ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ORDU UNIVERSITY FAULTY OF SCIENCE AND ARTS, ORDU, TURKEY E-mail address: bariscelik15@hotmail.com
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to obtain some new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for convex functions via conformable fractional integral. The results presented here would provide extensions of those given in earlier works.
THE QUESTION ABOUT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Samara State Transport University, Arkhipova N.A. , Evdokimova N.N. , Rudinа T.V.
Published: May 2021

In connection with the emergence of new technologies in the field of education, changes are taking place in the organization of the learning process. These changes also affect the organization of students' independent work. Independent work of students is becoming the most important component of the organization of the educational process that meets international educational standards, its effectiveness is increasing. The presented article analyzes the application of the electronic information and educational environment of the Samara State University of Communications, reflecting its success in terms of its application and use in organizing the independent work of students in the course of studying mathematics.
FORMATION OF META-SUBJECT COMPETENCIES WITH THE HELP OF PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED TASKS IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING MATHEMATICS
Authors:   Samara State Transport University, Arkhipova N.A. , Evdokimova N.N. , Rudinа T.V.
Published: May 2021

According to the Federal State Educational Standard 3++, the state has defined the main goal of education, including higher education. This goal is to identify and comprehensively develop each student, to achieve high personal and meta-subject results. This standard requires teachers to develop key competencies in students that provide them with elasticity and tolerance in relation to a rapidly changing world. The learning process is faced with a number of conditions and tasks that determine the didactic principles. The university teacher, at the same time, becomes the organizer of the educational process, an assistant and adviser to the students.
CITY AS A STAGE: «STARYY» - «BEZYMYANKA» - «KREATIVNYY»
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Burlina E.Ya.
Published: May 2021

The relevance of research. In 2007, the industrial city of Essen, Germany, and the accompanying "ring" of mining towns in the Ruhr Valley, quite unexpectedly became the European Capital of Culture. Essen did not lose in a number of such senior cities as Athens and Florence, world centers like Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels. On the contrary, the project of an industrial city has generated creative interest. The aim of the project was to solve such problems of industrial cities as the ecology of an industrial city, monuments of factory culture. The core of the project was mining biographies and the memory of the profession. The article provides links to similar transformations of the "Soviet Magnitka" - Uralmash in Yekaterinburg and other industrial cities of Russia. The “case of Samara” is considered in most 62 Гуманитарные науки Humanitarian Sciences ________________________________________________________________________________________________ detail. The author's hypothesis is that there is a rift in Samara between the "old" and "industrial city". This is confirmed by the analysis of chronotopes of different parts of the city and the proposed hypothesis of urban archetypes. Research methodology. The article uses the analysis of biographies and the go-along method. The author's concept of the chronotopic fault of the city became the substantive basis of this article. The cultural projects that the industrial "Bezymyanka" gave birth to give a high assessment of their projectivity, which has outstripped its time. Among the "nameless cultural projects" there is a unique mathematical and aesthetic school, a competition for young musicians named after D. B. Kabalevsky, the Valery Grushin International Festival is the world's largest festival of art songs. The city needed creative projects and it deserves study and further development. Conclusion: the problem of different cultural territories within one city inevitably leads to the division of territories and the inhibition of the creative development of the city as a whole.
THE VEDIC «FEET» OF THE GREEK SPHINX
Authors:   GITR Film & Television School, Pimonov V.I.
Published: May 2021

Object of the article: the riddle of the Sphinx and the Vedic riddles. Subject of the article: structural and semantic comparison between the riddle of the Sphinx and the riddles in “Rigveda” and “Yajurveda”. Purpose of research: to show that the scheme of the riddle of the Sphinx about “man”, based on the description of an allegorical creature which is “two-footed, three-footed and fourfooted”, has a structural correspondence in the Vedic ritual-offering formulas, which describe Vedic poetic metres, divided by number of padas (“feet”) in a verse. Research methods: methods of the structural and semantic analysis applied. Results: the author argues that the poetic scheme of the Vedic ritual-offering formulas reflects an Indo-European proto-text, on which the riddle of the Sphinx is based. Field of application: literary studies. Conclusion:The author argues that the description of the Vedic metres in ritual-offering formulas through the allegorical ”two-footed (dvipada), four-footed (catushpada) and three-footed (tripada)”creatures has a structural and semantic correspondence in the riddle of the Sphinx, based on the description of an allegorical creature which is “two-footed, three-footed and four-footed”. The essay suggests that this correspondence between the Vedic formulas and the riddle of the Sphinx allows an alternative interpretation of the Greek riddle on meta-literal level as an allegorical description of poetic forms. The author is indebted to Svetlana Gracheva and Dan Whitman for stimulating discussions and helpful advice.
EXISTENTIAL MOTIVES F.M. DOSTOEVSKY IN THE WORK OF H. MURAKAMI
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Repinа A.A. , Radaeva E.A.
Published: May 2021

In this article, the authors find it productive to explore the relationship between Russian and foreign literature through the prism of the philosophy of existentialism, which is quite popular today. Research methodology: philological analysis of literary texts (problematic approach), comparative analysis with elements of comparative studies. The authors come to the conclusion that Murakami immerses his heroes in situations where it is possible to change everything, but such a situation requires unambiguous decisions and immediate action, but the heroes, for the most part, are endlessly lonely, melancholic people who become themselves an obstacle to making any decisions. They are merciless to themselves, stubborn to the point of absurdity and always torture themselves from within. Each hero has his own deep "Norwegian forest" in his mind, but not everyone finds the strength and resilience to get out of it into a real and noisy Japanese metropolis, continue his life without getting lost in the labyrinth of his own consciousness, and find the main meaning of his existence. Thus, the existential motives of F.M. Dostoevsky are acquiring a new sound in the prose of the Japanese author, who, despite his western orientation, did not succeed in avoiding the imposition of the national mentality proper on his artistic world-modeling.
Early brick use and brick building in mainland Finland
Authors: Ratilainen Tanja
Published: May 2021

Tämän tutkimuksen aiheena on varhainen tiilen käyttö ja tiilirakentaminen keskiajan Suomessa. Siinä selvitetään, missä ja milloin tiilen käyttö alkoi, mitä tiilestä aluksi rakennettiin ja miten käyttö kehittyi ja laajeni. Lisäksi tarkastellaan tahoja, jotka vaikuttivat tiilirakentamiseen ja pohditaan lyhyesti, mikä tiilen merkitys rakennus¬materiaalina varhaisimmassa vaiheessa oli. Aihetta lähestytään kolmen erilaisen arkeologisen ja rakennusarkeologisen aineiston kautta. Yksi aineistoista on Turun Koroisista, toinen Turun tuomiokirkon ympäristöstä (Varhainen Turku -hanke) ja kolmas Hattulasta (Pyhän Ristin kirkko). Koroinen ja Turku edustavat tiilen käyttöä varhaisessa kirkollisessa keskuksessa ja kaupungissa, ja Hattulan Pyhän Ristin kirkko ainoaa kokonaan tiilestä muurattua seurakuntakirkkoa keskiajan Suomessa. Tutki¬muksessa on teetetty ajoituksia tiilestä, puusta, palaneesta luusta ja laastista eri luonnontieteellisin menetelmin. Lisäksi pXRF-menetelmän avulla tarkastellaan tiilien alkuperää Koroisissa ja Turussa. Tutkimustuloksia verrataan muihin mantereen sekä Ahvenanmaan rakennusarkeologisiin ja arkeologisiin kohteisiin sekä peilataan yleiseen tiilirakentamisen kehitykseen Itämeren piirissä.Tutkimuksen perusteella tiilen käyttö alkoi mantereella 1200-luvun toisella puoliskolla. Tiiliä käytettiin monipuolisesti erilaisissa rakenteissa, tosin ensimmäiset tiilirakennukset rakennettiin vasta 1300-luvun toisen puoliskon aikana. Kattotiiliä, mutta myös tavallisia rakennus-ja muototiiliä tuotiin ulkomailta. Niitä kaikkia valmistettiin myös paikallisesti. Ensimmäisenä tiiltä käytti piispa, jonka tarkoituksena oli todennäköisesti korostaa kirkon hallinnollisen keskuksen merkitystä ja mahtia Koroistenniemellä. Heti Turun kaupungin perustamisen jälkeen tiiltä käytettiin myös puurakennusten tulisijoissa ja lattioissa, mikä viittaa siihen, että rakennusmateriaali oli myös muiden tahojen saatavilla. Toisaalta tiiliä tuskin hankittiin ainoastaan vaati¬mattomia rakenteita varten, vaan todennäköisesti kaupungissa oli jo 1300-luvun alkupuolella meneillään suuri tiilirakennushanke. Hämeessä tiilen käyttö lienee alkanut 1300-luvulla. Hämeen linnan päärakennusmateriaalina se on voinut olla jo 1300-luvun lopulla tai 1400-luvun alussa, joten siellä ensimmäisenä näyttää liikkeellä olleen kruunu.Hattulan Pyhän Ristin kirkko rakennettiin aikaisintaan 1400-luvun toisella puoliskolla. Muualla mantereella tiilen käyttö ja muuraaminen näyttää käynnistyneen 1300-luvun lopulla. Ahvenanmaalla tiiltä käytettiin mahdollisesti vasta 1300-luvun alusta lähtien. Itämeren piiriin verrattuna tiilirakentaminen käynnistyi melko vaatimattomasti keskiajanSuomessa, mutta tässä tutkimuksessa tehty katsaus osoittaa, että se on varhain ollut runsaampaa ja monipuolisempaa kuin viime vuosina on ajateltu.
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA PEGAWAI RSUD SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Safitri Husnaina Mailisa , Vilinda Monis
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan kompetensi secara parsial dan simultan terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Accidental Sampling dan model analisis regresi linear berganda. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 85 pegawai RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dan simultan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan kompetensi pada RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya harus didukung dengan pengawasan dari pihak pimpinan atau kepala bagian serta adanya bonus yang diberikan kepada pegawai rumah sakit yang benar-benar melaksanakan pekerjaan yang diberikan. Pimpinan RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya juga dapat meningkatkan dan memperhatikan faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi prestasi kerja pegawai sehingga dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi RSUD Sultan Iskandar Muda Nagan Raya.
PENGARUH MODAL SOSIAL DAN MODAL MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Nurfajri Cut , Ariyanto Agus
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh besar modal sosial terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh, pengaruh modal manusia terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh dan besarnya pengaruh besar modal sosial dan modal manusia secara simultan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Dinas Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh. Objek penelitian ini adalah modal sosial, modal manusia dan kinerja pegawai. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 52 orang responden. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan satuan pengukuran satuan skala likert. Peralatan analisis yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data adalah regresi linier berganda dan untuk pengujian hipotesis digunakan uji-F dan uji-t yang dibantu dengan alat uji SPSS versi 15.0. Hasil uji-F (simultan) dan uji-t (parsial) menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti yaitu modal sosial dan modal manusia mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja pegawai Dinas Pariwisata Kota Banda Aceh dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 32,767 dengan nilai Ftabel sebesar 3.186 pada tingkat signifikansi  = 5%. Sedangkan koefisien determinasi (adjusted Rsquare) hasil regresi adalah 0,555 yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas modal sosial (X1), modal manusia (X2) dapat menjelaskan 44.5% terhadap variabel terikat (peningkatan kinerja pegawai), sedangkan sisanya 44.5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini
Rancangan Catu Daya Cadangan SRAM Pada Z80 Trainer
Authors: Tahir Hidayat , Abdussamad Syahrir , Nasibu Iskandar Zulkarnain
Published: May 2021

Z80 Trainer banyak digunakan dalam praktikum maupun alat bantu peraga terkait pembelajaran mikroprosesor. Dalam penggunaannya, Z80 Trainer menggunakan keypad untuk menulis kode sumber secara manual dan selanjutnya disimpan dalam memori secara volatile.  Masalah yang sering terjadi adalah putusnya pasokan daya ke Z80 Trainer sehingga program yang telah ditulis tidak tersimpan dan harus ditulis kembali. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk merancang dan mengontrol catu daya cadangan untuk SRAM di Z80 Trainer menggunakan baterai, yang mampu mendeteksi terputusnya suplai daya dari tegangan listrik PLN untuk memastikan bahwa data dan program yang telah ditulis dan tersimpan di memori tidak terhapus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan perancangan alat yang dilaksanakan dilaboratorium. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan alat yang dapat mengontrol catu daya cadangan berasal dari baterai melalui rangkaian switching control unit untuk SRAM di Z80 Trainer. Hasil pengujian unjuk kerja mendapati bahwa alat yang telah dibuat dapat mengontrol atau mengatur catu daya di SRAM disaat catu daya utama PLN terputus selama kurang lebih 26 hari dengan memakai baterai Li-Ion tipe 18650 berkapasitas 3000 mAh. Pengujian lama waktu penggunaan alat d kondisi normal menggunakan catu daya cadangan mendapatkan hasil sekitar ±20 jam.Z80 Trainer is widely used in practicum and teaching aids related to microprocessor learning. In use, the Z80 Trainer uses a keypad to write source code manually and then stored in volatile memory. The problem that often occurs is that the power supply to the Z80 Trainer is cut off so that the written program is not saved and has to be rewritten. This research is designed to build and control a backup power supply for SRAM on the Z80 Trainer using a battery, which can meet the power supply cut off from the PLN mains voltage to ensure that data and programs that have been written and stored in memory are not deleted. The method used in this research is the experimental method and the design of the tools carried out in the laboratory. This research has produced a tool that can control the backup power supply coming from the battery via a circuit of the switching control unit for the SRAM on the Z80 Trainer. The test results prove that the tool that has been made can control or build power in SRAM when the main power supply is cut off for less than 26 days using a Li-Ion battery type 18650 with a capacity of 3000 mAh. Testing the length of time to use the tool under normal conditions using a backup power supply to get the result of about ± 20 hours.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF REGULATION COSTS IN THE BANKING MARKET
Authors: FREIMANIS Kristaps , ŠENFELDE Maija
Published: May 2021

Purpose – In the field of the economics’ regulation researchers so far have built the conceptual framework
showing how the deadweight loss of market failures decrease and costs of the government intervention increase with
the increased level of the government intervention. In order to quantify relationships between the level of intervention,
intervention costs and the deadweight loss with econometric models it is important to understand how to quantify the
regulation costs as a part of intervention costs. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to find the appropriate methodology for the quantification of the regulation costs in the banking market.
Research methodology – literature review (regarding theories), mathematical methods for quantification and econometric
methods for validation purposes.
Findings – research shows that in the assessment of regulation costs three main stakeholders should be included – microprudential regulator, macroprudential regulator and financial regulation’s policy maker. Research presents their cost
assessment methodology. Its validation shows that in general methodology works as expected, i.e., higher government
intervention levels lead to higher regulation costs, however this general rule has exceptions, which in authors’ view
indicates that other factors have an impact on the cost levels.
Research limitations – research shows how to assess the costs of main stakeholders based on the publicly available
information. More precise view could be obtained if in the cooperation with authorities more details on certain cost
items are received.
Practical implications – research results will be used to assess all government intervention costs (other positions include
compliance costs and other indirect costs) and finalize the quantification of the framework. Quantified framework could
be used for more precise policy making regarding the regulation of the banking market.
Originality/Value – research shows how to quantify the regulation costs of the banking market as currently there are
only conceptual ideas.
TAX SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE: RISKS, THREATS AND WAYS OF THEIR MINIMIZATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19
Authors: LEHENCHUK Serhii , VALINKEVYCH Nataliia , HRYHOREVSKA Olena , VYHIVSKA Iryna
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the article is the actualization of problematic issues related to the identification of risks and threats to the tax security of the enterprise, which is a trigger for the probable onset of the “fiscal crisis” and is a consequence of COVID-19. Research methodology – The article used general scientific research methods (observation, comparison, modeling, generalization), methods of tax risk management were used for minimizing the impact of COVID-19 on the activities of enterprises and extrapolation method was used for identifying the stages of tax security risk management. Findings – The generalization of factual material and statistical data allowed to establish that in modern conditions of business environment development the main threats to tax security of the enterprise were the probability of global epidemic risk, the risk of military collaboration, the risk of management failure and effective risk of social destabilization. Practical implications – It has been recommended to take actions in the field of minimizing tax security risks taking into account the implementation of the Fiscal Roadmap for economic recovery. Research limitations – One of the main limitations of this study is that the main proposals of the article are formed taking into account the peculiarities of the tax system of Ukraine. Originality/Value – consists in identifying the impact of general state policy on minimizing tax risks of business entities as a result of assessing the experience of minimizing tax risks in the context of Covid-19 based on Ukrainian national practice.
FORECASTING COSTS OF CYBER ATTACKS USING ESTIMATION THE GLOBAL COST OF CYBER RISK CALCULATOR V 1.2
Authors: Gavėnaitė-Sirvydienė Julija , Miečinskienė Algita
Published: May 2021

Purpose – due to the constant increase of cyber-attacks not only the measures of identifying and controlling cyber risks are created, but also the methods of estimating possible cyber-attacks financial costs should be developed to increase business preparedness. The purpose of this research is to forecast potential costs of cyber-attacks in Baltic countries.

Research methodology – to achieve the aim of the article and prepare a prognosis of possible cyber-attacks costs the Estimation the Global Costs of Cyber Risk Calculator V 1.2 tool was used.

Findings – estimated costs of cyber-attacks in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are highest in the public business and ser-vices sector and also in the defense sector. According to conducted calculations the costs of cyber-attacks in Lithuania will reach 1% of GDP of Lithuania by 2026.

Research limitations – in this research the costs of cyber-attacks are estimated regarding industries of business but not excluding specific cyber threats. Therefore, for the future research possibilities could be the analyses of specific cyber risks and their impact to various business sectors.

Practical implications – the results of the research may be useful in practical approach for preparing the risk manage-ment tools, evaluating possible damage and effect of cyber-attacks to business, also increasing preparedness level and business resilience.

Originality/Value – this estimation model has been not used to evaluate and discuss cyber-risks costs in Lithuania among previous researches, therefore the topic and conducted results are original and significantly relevant for further analyses of cyber security issues in Lithuania.
CHANGING ROLE OF PENSION FUNDS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES AS SOURCES OF HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING IN THE LONG TERM: THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION
Authors: BRYLEV Andrei A. , MITROFANOVA Anastasia N. , KHOTEEVA Victoria A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose – the main objective of this study is to assess the impact of investments in pension and insurance
schemes on household well-being, based on an analysis of data from the countries of the former Soviet Union in the
long term.
Research methodology – using empirical analysis, the assets and liabilities of households are examined, divided into
the main financial market instruments in the selected countries.
Findings – the calculations confirmed the relationship between total household assets and assets held in life insurance
reserves and pension schemes.
Research limitations – the choice of the countries is determined by the similarity of the economies and the political
and social systems. Also, the choice of countries is due to the lack of data, so the number of countries studied was
reduced to 6.
Practical implications – the results of this study will be useful for national governments and major institutional investors.
Originality/Value – although similar studies were conducted on the basis of data from OECD countries, a comparable
cross-country analysis was not conducted on the data of the countries of the former Soviet Union. Further, on the basis
of the obtained data, it is planned to conduct a correlation and regression analysis to identify the statistical relationship.
Constraints on Chondrule Generation, Disk Dynamics, and Asteroid Accretion from the Compositions of Carbonaceous Meteorites
Authors: Bryson James F. J. , Brennecka Gregory A.
Published: May 2021

The elemental and isotopic compositions of meteorites are expected to reflect several key processes that occurred in the early solar system, including the migration of gas and dust throughout the protoplanetary disk, the formation of chondrules, and the accretion of the first planetary bodies. However, the specific origins of the various compositions measured among these rocks are currently poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of these processes. Here, we use previously measured elemental and isotopic compositions of chondrites and iron meteorites to identify that carbonaceous (CC) meteorites are mixtures of noncarbonaceous (NC) material, calcium–aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) material, and CI (Ivuna-like) material, in varying proportions. These trends indicate that chondrules in CO (Ornans-like), CM (Mighei-like), CV (Vigarano-like), and TL (Tagish Lake) chondrites share near-identical average proportions of CI material, arguing that they were generated through the remelting of preexisting NC chondrules all in the same disk environment. Because this proportion likely evolved over space and time throughout the disk, this similarity argues that these chondrules originate from a restricted spatial region and time interval, favoring their generation through a localized event. Moreover, the compositions of CR (Renazzo-like) chondrites indicate that their constituents formed through mechanisms different from those in CO, CM, CV, and TL chondrites. The recovered proportions of CI material in CC iron meteorites and chondrites together also argue for evolution in either the predominant direction of dust and gas motion in the first ∼10 au of the disk or the radial distance of planetesimal accretion throughout the CC reservoir.
Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Axisymmetry in Triaxial Schwarzschild Orbit Superposition Models
Authors: Quenneville Matthew E. , Liepold Emily R. , Ma Chung-Pei
Published: May 2021

We present a detailed analysis of the behavior of the triaxial Schwarzschild orbit superposition method near the axisymmetric limit. Orbit superposition modeling is the primary method used to determine dynamical masses of supermassive black holes (M
BH) in nearby galaxies; however, prior studies have reported conflicting results when comparing the outcome from axisymmetric orbit codes with that from a triaxial orbit code in the axisymmetric limit. We show that in order to achieve (oblate) axisymmetry in a triaxial code, care needs to be taken to axisymmetrize the short-axis tube orbits and to exclude both the long-axis tube and box orbits from the orbit library. Using up to 12 Gauss–Hermite moments of the line-of-sight velocity distributions as constraints, we demonstrate the effects of orbit types on the best-fit M
BH in orbit modeling of the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1453 reported in Liepold et al. In addition, we verify the efficacy of our updated code on a mock galaxy data set. We identify a subset of slowly precessing quasi-planar orbits for which the typical integration times can be insufficient to fully capture the equilibrium orbital behavior in both axisymmetric and triaxial systems with central black holes. Further investigation is needed for a more reliable treatment of these orbits.
Stellar Population Inference with Prospector
Authors: Johnson Benjamin D. , Leja Joel , Conroy Charlie , Speagle Joshua S.
Published: May 2021

Inference of the physical properties of stellar populations from observed photometry and spectroscopy is a key goal in the study of galaxy evolution. In recent years, the quality and quantity of the available data have increased, and there have been corresponding efforts to increase the realism of the stellar population models used to interpret these observations. Describing the observed galaxy spectral energy distributions in detail now requires physical models with a large number of highly correlated parameters. These models do not fit easily on grids and necessitate a full exploration of the available parameter space. We present Prospector, a flexible code for inferring stellar population parameters from photometry and spectroscopy spanning UV through IR wavelengths. This code is based on forward modeling the data and Monte Carlo sampling the posterior parameter distribution, enabling complex models and exploration of moderate dimensional parameter spaces. We describe the key ingredients of the code and discuss the general philosophy driving the design of these ingredients. We demonstrate some capabilities of the code on several data sets, including mock and real data.
The complete mitochondrial genomes of two erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) with assessment of the phylogenetic status and relationships of tribes of Typhlocybinae
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Li Can , Song Yuehua
Published: May 2021

The number and classification of tribes in the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae are not yet fully clear, and molecular data has recently been used to help resolve the problem. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes ofMitjaevia shibingensisChen, Song & Webb, 2020 andM. dworakowskaeChen, Song & Webb, 2020 of the tribe Erythroneurini (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) were sequenced. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN and end with TAA or TAG, and the AT content of these three codons were found differ from previous results that show that the first codon has the highest incidence. Two rRNA genes are highly conserved, and the AT content in16Sis higher than that of12S. The nucleotide diversity and genetic distance among 13 PCGs of the four tribes from Typhlocybinae show that Empoascini nucleotide diversity is significantly less than in the other three tribes, and have the largest distance from the others, while Typhlocybini and Zyginellini have the smallest distance, indicating that the relationship between the two is the closest. Thenad2,nad4,nad4L, andnad5genes have greater nucleotide diversity, showing potential for use as the main markers for species identification. The phylogenetic analysis yielded a well-supported topology with most branches receiving maximum support and a few branches pertaining to relationships within Zyginellini and Typhlocybini receiving lower support. The species of these two tribes are intertwined, and it was impossible to resolve them into separate branches. In addition, the tribes Empoascini and Erythroneurini were recovered as monophyletic, and Alebrini was placed at the base of the tree as the most primitive. These results are broadly in line with other molecular phylogenetical studies which differ from traditional morphological classification.
Validation marocaine de l’échelle Alarme détresse bébé (ADBB). Comparaison du niveau de retrait relationnel d’enfants élevés en pouponnière ou dans leur famille, et une réplication de l’étude de Spitz sur la dépression anaclitique
Authors: Chkirate Meriem , Mammad Khaoula , Chtabou Ghizlane , Ahami O.T. Ahmed , Mdaghri Alaoui Asmaa , Guédeney Antoine
Published: May 2021

Le retrait relationnel durable du nourrisson s’avère un indicateur important de la détresse infantile et un facteur de risque de pathologie ultérieure. Ce travail présente les résultats de la première étape de validation marocaine de l’échelle Alarme détresse bébé (ADBB), appliquée à deux populations très différentes au regard de l’expérience de séparation précoce : d’une part, des bébés vivant en pouponnière (n = 46) et, d’autre part, des bébés élevés dans leur milieu familial (n = 56). Ces 102 nourrissons ont été évalués avec l’ADBB, dans le cadre d’un examen pédiatrique de routine, à l’âge de 2 à 18 mois. Le comportement de retrait relationnel a été significativement plus marqué parmi les nourrissons élevés en pouponnière que chez ceux élevés dans leur famille, et chez les garçons que chez les filles. Cette étude confirme, avec un groupe contrôle, la validité de la description de Spitz, qui mettait le retrait relationnel au centre de la dépression anaclitique et qui attribuait ce retrait à la séparation précoce et prolongée entre le bébé et ses caregivers . L’utilisation de l’échelle peut donc être recommandée pour un repérage systématique lors des visites de routine en pédiatrie, comme pour le suivi des enfants à risque, de façon à permettre une intervention précoce appropriée.
Facteurs de risque et de protection au cours du placement associés à la santé mentale : une revue systématique de la littérature
Authors: Danner Touati Camille , Miljkovitch Raphaële , Dubois-Comtois Karine , Sirparanta Aino , Deborde Anne-Sophie
Published: May 2021

Les données de la littérature indiquent une augmentation du nombre d’enfants pris en charge par l’aide sociale tous placements confondus. Les enfants placés sont exposés à un risque élevé de problèmes de santé mentale à court, moyen et long terme. Ainsi, des recherches sont nécessaires pour identifier les facteurs qui pourraient être ciblés au cours du placement pour améliorer la santé mentale de cette population vulnérable. Cette revue systématique vise à apporter une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de risque et de protection à la santé mentale associés aux différentes modalités de placement. Nous avons effectué une recherche dans trois bases de données : MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences et PsycINFO. Les critères d’inclusion dans la revue étaient des échantillons d’enfants et d’anciens placés ; et les études concernant spécifiquement les résultats liés à la santé mentale, avec les modalités de placement (type de placement, nombre de placements, rupture du placement, placement avec la fratrie, contact avec les parents biologiques, relation avec le parent d’accueil), comme variables prédictives/indépendantes. L’échantillon final comprenait 36 études, à partir desquelles nous avons identifié 27 facteurs de risque et de protection associés à la santé mentale des enfants et des anciens placés. Nous avons déterminé certains facteurs liés au placement qui prédisaient moins de problèmes de santé mentale (placement avec les proches, âge précoce de placement et qualité de la relation avec le parent d’accueil) et d’autres associés à un risque accru (rupture de placement, placement en institution, âge tardif de placement). Certains aspects du placement restent peu explorés, comme l’effet du contact avec les parents biologiques ou avec la fratrie.
Le secret 2.0
Authors: Letonturier Éric
Published: May 2021

L’article part du postulat simple que le secret suppose la confiance comme condition de son existence, de sa préservation et de son partage limité à quelques-uns. Or la société moderne en modifie fortement les modalités à différents titres, ne serait-ce que par le rapport nouveau à l’espace qu’elle installe et par le type de construction de l’identité individuelle qu’elle appelle désormais. L’entrée dans l’ère de la communication transforme aussi les paramètres du secret pour en restreindre le périmètre à double titre : d’un côté, par l’impératif médiatico-politique de tout dire et tout montrer et, de l’autre, par les réseaux socio-numériques, qui donnent l’illusion d’un « nous » sans tiers et exposent au risque du dévoilement d’un « je » sans garantie de retour à l’anonymat.
Du secret de la défense nationale
Authors: Doaré Ronan
Published: May 2021

À la suite du décret n° 2019-1271 du 2 décembre 2019 relatif aux modalités de classification et de protection du secret de la défense nationale, l’instruction générale interministérielle n° 1300 sur la protection du secret de la défense nationale (approuvée par un arrêté du 13 novembre 2020) s’emploie à rénover les niveaux d’informations classifiées et à prendre en considération tout à la fois l’importance des acteurs privés et le processus de dématérialisation des informations.
Les saveurs empoisonnées du complot
Authors: Clervoy Patrick
Published: May 2021

Les théories du complot exercent une étrange fascination. Elles montrent comment des individus peuvent être séduits en masse par l’idée qu’un secret serait caché par une puissance occulte avec la conviction qu’eux seuls seraient en mesure de le dénoncer. Cela resterait une farce s’il n’y avait pas parfois, en arrière-plan, l’intention d’une manipulation. Le monde est entraîné dans un vertige entre la réalité et les mensonges, dans une ambiance de défiance et de secrets, sans pouvoir repérer le vrai du faux.
Secret d’Église
Authors: Nègre Pascal
Published: May 2021

Souvent associée au secret, l’Église est pourtant depuis l’origine au service de la révélation d’un mystère destiné à être dévoilé. Elle ne cache pas de formules magiques, mais annonce une bonne nouvelle destinée à tous. Le rapport à la vérité, toutefois, qui se joue en chacun, exige délicatesse et discernement, car l’intime du cœur et le secret des consciences, avant d’être le lieu possible d’une dissimulation, est le domaine sacré d’une rencontre. Celle de Dieu. Le secret de la confession constitue ainsi pour l’Église un sanctuaire : le domaine inviolable où la confiance des hommes peut se livrer à Dieu.
Modifier l’humain pour la guerre
Authors: Guérin Vincent
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer au filtre de l’histoire récente, de l’actualité et des futurs possible, la portée d’une augmentation psycho-cognitive du soldat américain et son l’incidence sur le sujet militaire et la société civile.
La botanique dans les dictionnaires du français classique
Authors: Humbley John
Published: May 2021

The concept of popularisation ( vulgarisation in French) was only developed in the nineteenth century. Is it possible then to detect traces of popularisation in the French encyclopædic dictionaries of the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries ? It will be argued that various strategies generally recognized as typical of popularisation are indeed used by the lexicographers of this period. Considering from the outset that the choice of French rather than Latin is a first step toward popularisation, specific strategies are identified in the two major encyclopaedic dictionaries, in particular different forms of reformulation. These can be language based, including use of metalinguistic markers and metaphor ; text based, such as crossrefencing, or concept based, in particular the elaboration of different systems of classification. It will be shown that the intentions of the lexicographers of this period have much in common with what was later to become popularisation.
Le confinement optimal : quelques calculs exploratoires
Authors: Pestieau Pierre , Ponthière Grégory
Published: May 2021

Est-il possible d’expliquer, de « rationaliser », la stratégie de confinement strict menée face à la pandémie Covid-19 durant le printemps et l’automne 2020 ? Cet article propose de revenir sur la question des fondations normatives des politiques de confinement en présence d’une pandémie. Pour ce faire, nous analysons différents critères de choix social qui peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer le degré de confinement qui s’impose lors d’une pandémie, et comparons les solutions de ces problèmes de planification sociale. Nous montrons que chacun de ces critères de choix social aborde différemment les arbitrages entre sauver des vies humaines et éviter l’expansion de la pauvreté. Tandis que le critère utilitariste et le vote majoritaire (en présence d’altruisme envers les seniors) poussent à l’adoption d’un confinement sévère, l’égalitarisme ex post (donnant une priorité absolue aux personnes les moins bien loties) et le vote majoritaire en l’absence d’altruisme mènent au confinement minimal. La politique de confinement optimale est donc peu robuste au critère de bien-être social qui est postulé.
L’adhésion des assurés aux programmes de prévention santé : quels facteurs explicatifs ?
Authors: Lesueur Jean-Yves
Published: May 2021

L’accord national interprofessionnel (ANI) mis en place depuis 2016 en France, impose aux entreprises du secteur privé de proposer une assurance complémentaire santé à leurs salariés. Les conditions de cet accord prévoient qu’une partie des cotisations soit investie par les compagnies d’assurance et les mutuelles dans des programmes de prévention assurant un suivi personnalisé des assurés dans leur hygiène de vie et leur santé. L’adhésion des assurés à ces services, souvent gratuits et joints à l’offre de complémentaire santé, est un des facteurs clefs de la réussite de cette politique de prévention santé. À partir des résultats d’une enquête menée en 2016 auprès d’un échantillon d’assurés d’un groupe mutualiste français, nous étudions les déterminants des intentions de participation des assurés interrogés à une telle offre de services en centrant l’éclairage sur l’effet des biais comportementaux.
Stabilité du système bancaire européen : banques coopératives versus banques commerciales
Authors: Yeddou Nacera
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner l’effet du statut coopératif sur la stabilité des banques coopératives européennes durant la crise (2007-2009). Nous avons utilisé dans notre étude, la méthode d’appariement par score de propension afin de réduire le biais de sélection, puis nous avons estimé l’effet du statut coopératif sur la stabilité des banques coopératives à l’aide de la méthode GMM. Les résultats montrent qu’en comparaison avec les banques commerciales, les banques coopératives sont plus stables durant la crise financière. En outre, ce résultat ne change pas selon la taille de la banque.
Au-delà de la confrontation : saisir la diversité des interactions entre mondes militants et mondes économiques
Authors: Bereni Laure , Dubuisson-Quellier Sophie
Published: May 2021

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, un champ de recherche prolifique a pris pour objet les interactions entre mondes militants et mondes économiques. Cette introduction du numéro thématique « Mondes militants, mondes économiques : contestations, frontières, coopérations » en présente les principaux axes, mais souligne également ses points aveugles. Alors que les travaux dominants du champ «  social movements, firms, and markets  » insistent généralement sur les dimensions de segmentation, de contraste et de confrontation, nous entendons mettre au jour la porosité des frontières entre mondes militants et mondes économiques. Nous proposons trois déplacements analytiques principaux pour saisir les continuités, imbrications et transferts entre ces deux mondes : placer le regard sur des collectifs et pratiques hybrides, situés à l’intersection des mondes militants et économiques ; penser en termes d’espaces de cause au sein desquels convergent des acteurs émanant d’univers hétérogènes ; déployer une perspective microsociologique, au plus près des militant·es et/ou professionnel·les. En écho avec ces orientations programmatiques, les articles de ce numéro présentent la grande diversité des interactions entre mondes militants et économiques, au-delà des logiques de confrontation.
Une sociologie du rendement social
Authors: Giry Benoit , Wokuri Pierre
Published: May 2021

En tant que forme d’organisation sociale de la production, la coopérative citoyenne lance un défi aux termes analytiques des sciences sociales : fréquemment analysée à l’aune de la « tension » entre ses objectifs militants et ses objectifs productifs, ses modes de régulation sont généralement stéréotypés. À partir d’une enquête portant sur trois coopératives citoyennes d’énergie renouvelable, cet article propose un modèle analytique permettant de poser à nouveaux frais la question de l’articulation des valeurs productives et militantes pesant sur les « entreprises sociales ». À travers les différentes épreuves d’organisation – formalisation du projet, recrutement des coopérants, financement, rédaction des statuts, décisions d’investissement, gestion des bénéfices –, l’analyse fait ressortir le caractère contingent et segmenté de l’articulation entre les performances militantes et productives de la coopérative. En dernière analyse, ce caractère contingent peut s’expliquer par l’existence d’une valeur spécifique orientant le travail d’organisation de l’entreprise sociale : l’augmentation de son rendement social.
Comment une entreprise répond à ses critiques ?
Authors: Bittmann Simon
Published: May 2021

Cet article étudie l’évolution des rapports à la critique d’une grande entreprise de crédit aux États-Unis, entre 1910 et 1941. Au début du xx e  siècle, le développement des prêts sur salaire avive le spectre d’un asservissement financier des travailleurs, et le groupe Household Finance Corporation devient la cible d’attaques portées par des mobilisations réformatrices. À partir d’archives de l’entreprise et de la fondation philanthropique Russell Sage, nous étudions la manière dont l’entreprise tente d’entrer en résonnance avec une frange modérée de la critique du capitalisme industriel, portée par des élites ouvertes à la collaboration avec les acteurs privés. Initialement le produit des pressions médiatiques et judiciaires exercées sur les activités marchandes, la participation des prêteurs au processus de régulation permet ensuite une capture de la critique morale, sur laquelle l’entreprise s’appuie dans les années 1920 afin d’éradiquer des prêteurs concurrents. Enfin, la crise des années 1930 produit une recomposition brutale de cet environnement institutionnel : tirant parti du rôle attribué au crédit dans la relance de l’économie, l’entreprise affirme soutenir le pouvoir d’achat des classes moyennes lors du New Deal , s’associant à certains mouvements de consommatrices. Cet article souligne ainsi l’effet des dynamiques inter-organisationnelles et leurs évolutions, observées au sein d’un champ, sur les stratégies d’endogénéisation déployées afin de légitimer une activité marchande jugée prédatrice.
Static postural differences between male and female equestrian riders on a riding simulator
Authors: Bye T.L. , Martin R.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to compare static posture of male and female riders on a riding simulator. Ten female and five male riders underwent a 5 min standardised exercise programme on the simulator, they were then videoed for 10 s from each the left, right, and rear views whilst stationary on the simulator. Two-dimensional kinematic analysis of the videos showed that male riders had a more neutrally positioned pelvis in the sagittal plane (median left: 6.47°, right: 5.24°) with females demonstrating a posterior pelvic tilt (L: 14.04°, R: 13.55°). Females showed significantly greater pelvic obliquity (median female: 1.99°, male: 0.73°), trunk lean (F: 1.60°, M: 0.43°), and shoulder tilt (F: 1.79°, M: 0.57°) in the frontal plane, demonstrating an overall greater postural asymmetry. Previous studies of elite riders have shown a more anteriorly rotated pelvis to be more desirable. Symmetry of riding position is favourable as it allows movements to be performed with ease and ensures even force distribution through the saddle to the horse. Male riders may therefore have a biomechanical advantage over females when it comes to maintaining a desirable riding position. This research should now be extended to study riders on the horse in motion.