bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value trade-off in higher education service: A qualitative intercultural approach to students’ perceptions
Authors: Li Danni , Gallarza Granizo Martina , Fayos Gardó Teresa
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Higher Education Institutions have become a highly competitive market, where consumers (i.e. students) are highly involved in their choices, and managers need to focus on competitive edges. This paper aims to understand the factors that influence student choice behaviour and fulfil student expectations of customer value in higher education institutions (HEIs).Design/methodology/approach: with qualitative information (focus groups) collected from international students of several universities in Spain, Britain and China, the paper investigates the formation of customer value, as a trade-off between benefits and costs. This qualitative approach aims first at assessing this particular service through the concept of value through verifying both the positive and negative dimensions of HE, and second, to comment on the intercultural aspects of this dual approach to higher education consumption.Findings: the results show different levels of benefits: the functional value generally comes from infrastructures and good teachers that offer abundant practical experiences. The benefits from quality education also derived from teamwork with the colleagues who possess equal academic strength. Social benefits come from experiences outside the academic environment, working with people from different cultural backgrounds who have different perspectives. Emotional rewards come from University reputation and relationships with instructors. Costs of time and effort are differently seen across programs and vary widely upon nationalities and cultural backgrounds.Practical implications: since the competitive environments are fast becoming more and more complex added to the fact that it changes rapidly and dynamically, to concentrate on a few key elements are most important to the organizations survival. Different values of customers in different countries suggest that the strategy used by the corporation in a certain country, may not be apply to another.Originality/value: given that values are critical factors for developing trust and commitment, research findings have presented to support that national culture affects the different values perceived in the HE experience. In this sense, the research provides a research basis for primary investigation and allocation of higher education resources in the global market.
La chronique au Mexique : évolution et perspectives
Authors: Léziart Françoise
Published: September 2016

Partant des premières chroniques journalistiques du xixe siècle, frivoles, patriotiques ou déjà combatives pour ensuite aborder les textes d’Elena Poniatowska et de Carlos Monsiváis (les chroniqueurs emblématiques du Mexique des années 1960-1990) notre travail cherche à souligner l’évolution (tant thématique que rhétorique) de ce type d’expression hybride dont on trouve certains prolongements dans les ouvrages d’un auteur comme Jorge Volpi. Cela nous amène à réfléchir également au rôle du chroniqueur et aux conditions spécifiques de production de ce type de texte.
Los ejercicios con el tiempo de Arnaldo Calveyra
Authors: Ció Mariana Di
Published: September 2016

Todos los textos de Arnaldo Calveyra (1929-2015, poeta argentino radicado en Francia desde 1960) vibran de «cadencias en presente». En estos ejercicios con el tiempo, la urgencia por «anotar el instante» se combina con la necesidad de dar cuenta tanto de geografías remotas como de los espacios más cotidianos, del tiempo que transcurre cíclicamente o de aquel que, como un ejercicio de la memoria, busca fijar y cristalizar vivencias que parecen fuera del tiempo, como las que recoge en Diario del fumigador de guardia.La ponencia se propone analizar el modo en que, para deletrear el tiempo, Calveyra utiliza poéticamente la crónica –a la que hace dialogar con los cuadros de costumbres, el diario de viaje y especialmente las crónicas de Indias– para producir no sólo un relato sobre los trabajos y los días del poeta/fumigador, sino también, y sobre todo, una reflexión sobre la práctica de escritura en sí misma.
Estampas de ocio, buen humor y reflexión : les chroniques de l’écrivain péruvien Edgardo Rivera Martínez
Authors: Aubès Françoise
Published: September 2016

Edgardo Rivera Martínez (Jauja 1933), nouvelliste, romancier, qui a connu un certain succès en 1993 avec País de Jauja, roman du métissage heureux, est aussi l’auteur d’une œuvre journalistique réunie dans plusieurs recueils dont celui qui donne son titre à cet article. Depuis 1976, l’écrivain publie de façon régulière dans le supplément dominical de divers quotidiens liméniens des « estampas », sur des sujets très variés comme l’emploi excessif de la locution o sea que par les jeunes Liméniennes qu’il surnommera les « Oseanidas », jusqu’aux souvenirs de la Lima d’autrefois. Ajoutons à cela ses « Estampas de viaje », chroniques de ses voyages dans les années 1950 et 1960 en Europe (Al andar de los caminos), sans oublier A la hora de la tarde y de los juegos (l’enfance à Jauja). Edgardo Rivera Martínez est un observateur amène, parfois complice parfois moraliste, jamais caustique ni racoleur.Cet article étudie la place que tiennent ces chroniques dans l’œuvre de l’écrivain.
Les chroniques de Ricardo Blume dans le quotidien péruvien El Comercio
Authors: Salinas-Desmond Patricia
Published: September 2016

À travers soixante-sept chroniques, publiées en 1988, sous le titre Como cada jueves, Ricardo Blume, acteur, auteur et réalisateur de théâtre, de cinéma et de séries de télévision, a livré aux lecteurs du quotidien péruvien El Comercio, chaque jeudi entre 1981 et 1988, une lecture personnelle, impressionniste et humoristique de l’actualité et de la société péruvienne des années quatre-vingt. Ces chroniques courtes révèlent par petites touches, avec légèreté, des photographies instantanées et légendées de la société péruvienne et de ses travers, pendant les années de la restauration démocratique, du gouvernement d’Alan García, du terrorisme et du contre-terrorisme, ainsi que de la crise économique de la fin des années quatre-vingt.
Mexico D.F. au crible des chroniques
Authors: Olivier Florence
Published: September 2016

Cet article examine et compare l’anthologie chorale de chroniques urbaines México D.F.: Lecturas para paseantes (2005) de Rubén Gallo et le dernier livre que Carlos Monsiváis a consacré à la culture urbaine de la capitale mexicaine : Apocalipstick (2009). Les deux ouvrages s’intéressant à la ville qui « émerge des ruines de la dernière modernité », il ressort de leur lecture croisée un état des lieux de la capitale, plus directement marqué par une vision politique chez Monsiváis, exaltant, comme dans l’essai qu’écrit Rubén Gallo en introduction de son volume, la paradoxale vitalité de ces lieux si mouvants. Les chroniqueurs littéraires de la capitale fédérale en explorent les spectaculaires métamorphoses, y sondent les expressions de la culture populaire, narrent les fonctions politiques de l’espace public, mettent la polis en mots et en scène. Tout un registre d’écritures de la ville apparaît ainsi, qui rend compte de la nature polymorphe du genre de la chronique.
Nuevos cronistas de Indias o nuevos «indios» de la crónica
Authors: Soto Carlos Mario Correa
Published: September 2016

La crónica latinoamericana actual es el reportaje narrado con imaginación y creatividad en el estilo por los denominados «Nuevos Cronistas de Indias»: una escritura mestiza –el ornitorrinco de la prosa como la llama el mexicano Juan Villoro– en la que la voluntad de sus autores por lograr una forma de literatura puede llegar incluso a predominar sobre las obligaciones informativas propias de los relatos periodísticos. La crónica, de antigua estirpe, tiene el don de siempre parecer recién inventada toda vez que intenta explorar al máximo las técnicas de escritura y todos los recursos para describir situaciones, asuntos, objetos y personas, haciendo que el mundo sea siempre nuevo cada vez que un cronista lo observa, escucha, evoca, reconstruye, interpreta y narra. Este artículo describe las apuestas por la crónica que hacen algunos de estos autores latinoamericanos –entre ellos quienes más bien prefieren decir que son los «nuevos indios de la crónica»– a partir de la lectura y el análisis de sus piezas cronísticas y de las reflexiones acerca de su oficio, publicadas en español en lo que va corrido del siglo XXI por un grupo de revistas y de libros, bien sean de carácter individual o antológico. Y muestra sus temas recurrentes: crimen, narcotráfico, marginación, prostitución, pandillas, música, fútbol, migraciones forzadas, vida urbana, deportes extremos, extravagancia y monstruosidad; es decir, los esplendores y las miserias de cada día1.
La construcción de la verosimilitud en la crónica contemporánea
Authors: Tapia Miguel
Published: September 2016

Si en la crónica moderna «el empeño formal domina sobre las urgencias informativas» (Monsiváis), esto no la exime de la exigencia de una mirada periodística. A la verosimilitud construida desde la subjetividad del narrador, propia a la ficción, debe sumarse el recurso a anclajes periodísticos que sitúen lo narrado en la realidad. Pero en el terreno de la escritura tanto la subjetividad del punto de vista personal como la objetividad –periodísitica u otra– son construcciones textuales (Barthes). En la elaboración del punto de vista el cronista echa mano de estrategias tomadas de una gran variedad de géneros; busca el delicado equilibrio que mantenga al lector en el terreno de lo real. La crónica, dice García Márquez, «es un cuento que es verdad». La construcción textual de la verosimilitud pasa por lo que Umberto Eco llamó «competencia enciclopédica», el sistema de reglas y referencias cognitivas en las que el texto se apoya, y que el pacto de lectura establece como común al cronista y al lector. El presente artículo estudia la disposición de los diferentes registros cognitivos en que se apoya la construcción del pacto de lectura en la obra de dos cronistas contemporáneos mexicanos: Juan Villoro y Fabrizio Mejía Madrid. En sus trabajos buscamos identificar el uso de recursos tomados de los diferentes géneros en que la crónica se inspira, así como la eventual presencia de recursos propios. De los conocimientos que el texto suponga en el lector y de los diferentes estatutos que a ellos otorgue, afirma Michel Pierssens, dependerá la verosimilitud de lo narrado.
« Une teste de cire anatomique »
Authors: Taddia Elena
Published: September 2016

Cette étude retrace la vie de Gaetano Giulio Zumbo (1656 ?-1701), sculpteur sur cire et céroplaste sicilien mort à Paris le 22 décembre 1701, un an à peine après son arrivée dans la capitale française. Pourquoi Zumbo arrive-t-il à Paris, quels réseaux lui permettent d’être reçu à la cour, d’obtenir un privilège royal, et comment son œuvre louée, discréditée et reléguée au rang d’« art mineur », a-t-elle pourtant influencé la sculpture et l’anatomie ? Telles sont les questions que cette étude se propose d’aborder, qui mettent en évidence un aspect important de la vie de Zumbo : celui de l’artiste de cour intermittent. Il séjourna d’abord à Florence chez Côme III de Médicis, avant d’être admis à la cour de Monseigneur et du duc d’Orléans, protégé par la peintre Élisabeth Chéron et admiré par les hommes de sciences et les artistes du Paris de l’époque.
Pré-processamento do problema de cobertura de conjunto aplicado ao escalonamento de condutores
Authors: Constantino Ademir Aparecido , Castro Edilson Costa de , Araujo Silvio Alexandre de , Mendonça Neto Cândido Ferreira Xavier de
Published: September 2016

O problema de escalonamento de condutores (PEC) consiste em distribuir de maneira eficiente o quadro de viagens de uma empresa de transporte coletivo entre os condutores disponíveis. Esse problema é comumente modelado como um problema de cobertura de conjunto — PCC (set covering problem). Nesse caso, um bom resultado para o PEC depende de uma boa construção e resolução do PCC. Porém, a maior parte da bibliografia relacionada trata apenas da resolução das instâncias do PCC, sem avaliar a influência dos procedimentos com sua construção, aqui denominado de pré-processamento. Este trabalho propõe-se e investigar metodologias heurísticas baseadas em Simulated Annealing para o pré-processamento de instâncias do PCC, cujas características possibilitem os algoritmos de resolução obterem melhores resultados para o PEC. Nos testes efetuados, conseguiu-se uma redução de até 8% no custo das soluções apresentadas, em comparação com a resolução de instâncias geradas por um método clássico de geração do PCC.
Inteligência computacional aplicada à previsão de vencedores em partidas de tênis
Authors: Fernandes Mateus De Araujo
Published: September 2016

A previsão de vencedores em partidas de tênis pode representar várias utilidades práticas, pois os resultados de uma rodada em um torneio determinam quais jogos ocorrerão na rodada seguinte, o que é valioso para a organização dos torneios e a mídia, auxiliando na alocação de jogos em quadras e horários mais propícios, permitindo previsões de público e audiência e até mesmo embasando ações de merchandising. Neste trabalho, são estudados alguns dos principais fatores de influência na previsibilidade de partidas e, a partir dessa análise, são propostas duas diferentes abordagens para cálculos de confiabilidade na vitória de cada um dos competidores antes do início de uma partida. A primeira baseia-se em um sistema de inferência Fuzzy, explorando sua capacidade de reprodução de conhecimento de um especialista diante de uma mescla de informações. A segunda emprega uma rede neural, com sua característica de extração de atributos por meio de exemplos. Ambos os preditores têm como entradas dados de desempenhos prévios dos jogadores, que, nesse caso, tentam captar suas performances de curto, médio e longo prazo, além de sua afinidade com os diferentes tipos de pisos. Os resultados obtidos são encorajadores, mostrando ganhos significativos em relação à simples comparação baseada no ranking de entradas da Associação de Tenistas Profissionais.
A framework for data compression and damage detection in structural health monitoring applied on a laboratory three-story structure
Authors: Pereira de Lima Manoel Afonso , Sales Claudomiro , Santos Adam , Santos Reginaldo , Silva Moisés , Costa João , Carvalho Marissa , Cruz Michell
Published: September 2016

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important technique used to preserve many types of structures in the short and long run, using sensor networks to continuously gather the desired data. However, this causes a strong impact in the data size to be stored and processed. A common solution to this is using compression algorithms, where the level of data compression should be adequate enough to allow the correct damage identification. In this work, we use the data sets from a laboratory three-story structure to evaluate the performance of common compression algorithms which, then, are combined with damage detection algorithms used in SHM. We also analyze how the use of Independent Component Analysis, a common technique to reduce noise in raw data, can assist the detection performance. The results showed that Piecewise Linear Histogram combined with Nonlinear PCA have the best trade-off between compression and detection for small error thresholds while Adaptive PCA with Principal Component Analysis perform better with higher values.
Indicators of Efficiency in Four Milky Genotypes in Outdoor Pasture Conditions in the Ecuadorian Amazonia
Authors: Quinteros R. , Marini P. R.
Published: September 2016

The aim of this work was the evaluation of four milky genotypes at first lactation in outdoor pasture conditions through indicators of biological efficiency in the Canton Arosemena Tola, Province of Napo- Ecuador. 36 milky cows at first deliver crossbreeds of different genotypes (Bos Indicus x each genotype used): Bos Indicus x Gyr (Gyr), Bos Indicus x Brown Swiss (BS), Bos Indicus x Jersey (J) and Bos Indicus Sahiwal (S). For the productive variables studied there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) among the four genotypes. For the reproductive variables analyzed there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) among the four genotypes studied as regards the age at first delivery. Concerning the rest of the variables there were no significant differences (p≥0.05). Neither were there significant differences (p≥0.05) of weight at delivery among the four genotypes; however differences appeared 90 days after the delivery (p ≤ 0.01) and at healing (p ≤ 0.01). It is concluded that the four genotypes studied behave in a similar way, in agreement with the region of study. None of the milky genotypes studied stands out from the others, showing a similarity in this aspect.
De nieuwe Handreiking beleidsdoorlichtingen
Authors: ten Cate Birgit , Israël Erik
Published: September 2016

De nieuwe Handreiking beleidsdoorlichtingen

Het Rijk evalueert in principe elk beleidsterrein eens in de zeven jaar door middel van een beleidsdoorlichting. Dit is niet eenvoudig. De Handreiking beleidsdoorlichtingen biedt hierbij in de vorm van vele praktische tips de helpende hand.
Direct Isolation and Characterization of Human Nephron Progenitors
Authors: Da Sacco Stefano , Thornton Matthew E. , Petrosyan Astgik , Lavarreda-Pearce Maria , Sedrakyan Sargis , Grubbs Brendan H. , De Filippo Roger E. , Perin Laura
Published: September 2016

Mature nephrons originate from a small population of uninduced nephrogenic progenitor cells (NPs) within the cap mesenchyme. These cells are characterized by the coexpression of SIX2 and CITED1. Many studies on mouse models as well as on human pluripotent stem cells have advanced our knowledge of NPs, but very little is known about this population in humans, since it is exhausted before birth and strategies for its direct isolation are still limited. Here we report an efficient protocol for direct isolation of human NPs without genetic manipulation or stepwise induction procedures. With the use of RNA-labeling probes, we isolated SIX2+CITED1+ cells from human fetal kidney for the first time. We confirmed their nephrogenic state by gene profiling and evaluated their nephrogenic capabilities in giving rise to mature renal cells. We also evaluated the ability to culture these cells without complete loss of SIX2 and CITED1 expression over time. In addition to defining the gene profile of human NPs, this in vitro system facilitates studies of human renal development and provides a novel tool for renal regeneration and bioengineering purposes.
Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells So Bloody Great After All?
Authors: Marfy-Smith Stephanie J. , Clarkin Claire E.
Published: September 2016

This Perspective discusses some activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the context of angiogenesis, focusing on contrasting effects that could call into question the extent to which MSCs can be used clinically in the future. We report on the antiangiogenic/antiproliferative effects of specific MSC populations (including bone marrow MSCs), their paracrine activity, tissue heterogeneity, and endothelial cell interactions. Also discussed are what could lead to contrasting effects of the influence of MSCs in regulating angiogenesis, pointing to some negative effects of these cells. In conclusion, this article highlights important aspects of MSC behavior within the perspective of translational medicine applications.
Stem Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Laryngeal Replacement
Authors: Ansari Tahera , Lange Peggy , Southgate Aaron , Greco Karin , Carvalho Carla , Partington Leanne , Bullock Anthony , MacNeil Sheila , Lowdell Mark W. , Sibbons Paul D. , Birchall Martin A.
Published: September 2016

Patients with laryngeal disorders may have severe morbidity relating to swallowing, vocalization, and respiratory function, for which conventional therapies are suboptimal. A tissue-engineered approach would aim to restore the vocal folds and maintain respiratory function while limiting the extent of scarring in the regenerated tissue. Under Good Laboratory Practice conditions, we decellularized porcine larynges, using detergents and enzymes under negative pressure to produce an acellular scaffold comprising cartilage, muscle, and mucosa. To assess safety and functionality before clinical trials, a decellularized hemilarynx seeded with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and a tissue-engineered oral mucosal sheet was implanted orthotopically into six pigs. The seeded grafts were left in situ for 6 months and assessed using computed tomography imaging, bronchoscopy, and mucosal brushings, together with vocal recording and histological analysis on explantation. The graft caused no adverse respiratory function, nor did it impact swallowing or vocalization. Rudimentary vocal folds covered by contiguous epithelium were easily identifiable. In conclusion, the proposed tissue-engineered approach represents a viable alternative treatment for laryngeal defects.
Enhanced Expansion and Sustained Inductive Function of Skin-Derived Precursor Cells in Computer-Controlled Stirred Suspension Bioreactors
Authors: Agabalyan Natacha A. , Borys Breanna S. , Sparks Holly D. , Boon Kathryn , Raharjo Eko W. , Abbasi Sepideh , Kallos Michael S. , Biernaskie Jeff
Published: September 2016

Endogenous dermal stem cells (DSCs) reside in the adult hair follicle mesenchyme and can be isolated and grown in vitro as self-renewing colonies called skin-derived precursors (SKPs). Following transplantation into skin, SKPs can generate new dermis and reconstitute the dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath, suggesting they could have important therapeutic value for the treatment of skin disease (alopecia) or injury. Controlled cell culture processes must be developed to efficiently and safely generate sufficient stem cell numbers for clinical use. Compared with static culture, stirred-suspension bioreactors generated fivefold greater expansion of viable SKPs. SKPs from each condition were able to repopulate the dermal stem cell niche within established hair follicles. Both conditions were also capable of inducing de novo hair follicle formation and exhibited bipotency, reconstituting the dermal papilla and connective tissue sheath, although the efficiency was significantly reduced in bioreactor-expanded SKPs compared with static conditions. We conclude that automated bioreactor processing could be used to efficiently generate large numbers of autologous DSCs while maintaining their inherent regenerative function.
Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients by a Composite of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hyaluronate Hydrogel: Results from a Clinical Trial for Safety and Proof-of-Concept with 7 Years of Extended Follow-Up
Authors: Park Yong-Beom , Ha Chul-Won , Lee Choong-Hee , Yoon Young Cheol , Park Yong-Geun
Published: September 2016

Few methods are available to regenerate articular cartilage defects in patients with osteoarthritis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of articular cartilage regeneration by a novel medicinal product composed of allogeneic human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs). Patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 osteoarthritis and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade 4 cartilage defects were enrolled in this clinical trial. The stem cell-based medicinal product (a composite of culture-expanded allogeneic hUCB-MSCs and hyaluronic acid hydrogel [Cartistem]) was applied to the lesion site. Safety was assessed by the World Health Organization common toxicity criteria. The primary efficacy outcome was ICRS cartilage repair assessed by arthroscopy at 12 weeks. The secondary efficacy outcome was visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain on walking. During a 7-year extended follow-up, we evaluated safety, VAS score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histological evaluations. Seven participants were enrolled. Maturing repair tissue was observed at the 12-week arthroscopic evaluation. The VAS and IKDC scores were improved at 24 weeks. The improved clinical outcomes were stable over 7 years of follow-up. The histological findings at 1 year showed hyaline-like cartilage. MRI at 3 years showed persistence of the regenerated cartilage. Only five mild to moderate treatment-emergent adverse events were observed. There were no cases of osteogenesis or tumorigenesis over 7 years. The application of this novel stem cell-based medicinal product appears to be safe and effective for the regeneration of durable articular cartilage in osteoarthritic knees.
Multimodal Delivery of Isogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Yields Synergistic Protection from Retinal Degeneration and Vision Loss
Authors: Bakondi Benjamin , Girman Sergey , Lu Bin , Wang Shaomei
Published: September 2016

We previously demonstrated that subretinal injection (SRI) of isogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduced the severity of retinal degeneration in Royal College of Surgeons rats in a focal manner. In contrast, intravenous MSC infusion (MSCIV) produced panoptic retinal rescue. By combining these treatments, we now show that MSCIV supplementation potentiates the MSCSRI-mediated rescue of photoreceptors and visual function. Electrophysiological recording from superior colliculi revealed 3.9-fold lower luminance threshold responses (LTRs) and 22% larger functional rescue area from combined treatment compared with MSCSRI alone. MSCIV supplementation of sham (saline) injection also improved LTRs 3.4-fold and enlarged rescue areas by 27% compared with saline alone. We confirmed the involvement of MSC chemotaxis for vision rescue by modulating C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 activity before MSCIV but without increased retinal homing. Rather, circulating platelets and lymphocytes were reduced 3 and 7 days after MSCIV, respectively. We demonstrated MSCSRI-mediated paracrine support of vision rescue by SRI of concentrated MSC-conditioned medium and assessed function by electroretinography and optokinetic response. MSC-secreted peptides increased retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) metabolic activity and clearance of photoreceptor outer segments ex vivo, which was partially abrogated by antibody blockade of trophic factors in concentrated MSC-conditioned medium, or their cognate receptors on RPE. These data support multimodal mechanisms for MSC-mediated retinal protection that differ by administration route and synergize when combined. Thus, using MSCIV as adjuvant therapy might improve cell therapies for retinal dystrophy and warrants further translational evaluation.
“The Gifts and the Calling of God are Irrevocable” (Romans 11:29): If So, How Can Paul Declare that “Not All Israelites Truly Belong to Israel” (9:6)?
Authors: Nanos Mark D.
Published: September 2016

The translation(s) of Romans 9:6 have undermined the premise in verses 1-5 and in chapter 11 of an irrevocable covenant with Israelites regardless of whether they agree with Paul about Jesus (at the time that he was writing his argument in Romans). The traditional interpretive results challenge not only Paul's arguments but also a central feature of post Nostra Aetate 4 developments in Christian discourses about Jews. The context of Paul's arguments in chapters 9-11 are discussed for determining the most likely translation choices in the context of 9:6 and then for the verse itself. Two probable alternatives are offered, both of which offer a way to read this text to corroborate that Paul upheld the continued validity of Israelite identity for his peers, and to undermine the traditional role of this text in the replacement theological arsenal.
DPP9 is a novel component of the N-end rule pathway targeting the tyrosine kinase Syk
Authors: Justa-Schuch Daniela , Silva-Garcia Maria , Pilla Esther , Engelke Michael , Kilisch Markus , Lenz Christof , Möller Ulrike , Nakamura Fumihiko , Urlaub Henning , Geiss-Friedlander Ruth
Published: September 2016

The aminopeptidase DPP9 removes dipeptides from N-termini of substrates having a proline or alanine in second position. Although linked to several pathways including cell survival and metabolism, the molecular mechanisms underlying these outcomes are poorly understood. We identified a novel interaction of DPP9 with Filamin A, which recruits DPP9 to Syk, a central kinase in B-cell signalling. Syk signalling can be terminated by degradation, requiring the ubiquitin E3 ligase Cbl. We show that DPP9 cleaves Syk to produce a neo N-terminus with serine in position 1. Pulse-chases combined with mutagenesis studies reveal that Ser1 strongly influences Syk stability. Furthermore, DPP9 silencing reduces Cbl interaction with Syk, suggesting that DPP9 processing is a prerequisite for Syk ubiquitination. Consistently, DPP9 inhibition stabilizes Syk, thereby modulating Syk signalling. Taken together, we demonstrate DPP9 as a negative regulator of Syk and conclude that DPP9 is a novel integral aminopeptidase of the N-end rule pathway.
Subcircular conduits and dikes offshore the Somma‐Vesuvius volcano revealed by magnetic and seismic data
Authors: Paoletti V. , Passaro S. , Fedi M. , Marino C. , Tamburrino S. , Ventura G.
Published: September 2016

We analyzed new magnetic, bathymetric, and seismic data acquired in the offshore sector of Somma‐Vesuvius volcano (Italy). We detected a group of high‐intensity, short wavelength magnetic anomalies corresponding to partly buried volcanic dome‐like structures located by seismic data. The magnetic anomalies are aligned along a NW‐SE strike that is the preferential orientation of an eruptive fracture of the pre‐19 ka activity of Vesuvius. Four cones emplaced after the Last Glacial Maximum (19 ka), whereas a fifth one emplaced more recently suggesting a rejuvenation of the eruptive system offshore the volcano in historical times. We also identified a NE‐SW elongated magnetic anomaly consistent with a dike‐like body associated to an on‐land tectonic structure that was active in recent times at Vesuvius. A delta‐like area with diffuse low‐intensity magnetic anomalies reflects the seaward fronts of lava flows that entered the sea mainly during the Middle Ages.
Iron sources and pathways into the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent
Authors: Qin Xuerong , Menviel Laurie , Sen Gupta Alex , van Sebille Erik
Published: September 2016

Using a novel observationally constrained Lagrangian iron model forced by outputs from an eddy‐resolving biogeochemical ocean model, we examine the sensitivity of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) iron distribution to EUC source region iron concentrations. We find that elevated iron concentrations derived from New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCU) alone is insufficient to explain the high concentrations observed in the EUC. In addition, due to the spread in transit times, interannual NGCU iron pulses are scavenged, diluted, or eroded, before reaching the eastern equatorial Pacific. With an additional iron source from the nearby New Ireland Coastal Undercurrent, EUC iron concentrations become consistent with observations. Furthermore, as both the New Guinea and New Ireland Coastal Undercurrents strengthen during El Niño, increased iron input into the EUC can enhance the iron supply into the eastern equatorial Pacific. Notably, during the 1997/1998 El Niño, this causes a simulated 30% iron increase at a 13 month lag.
Experimental evidence of reaction‐induced fracturing during olivine carbonation
Authors: Zhu Wenlu , Fusseis Florian , Lisabeth Harrison , Xing Tiange , Xiao Xianghui , De Andrade Vincent , Karato Shun‐ichiro
Published: September 2016

Mineral carbonation, a process that binds CO2 in the form of carbonates by silicate weathering, is widespread on the Earth's surface. Because of the abundance of silicate rocks and the permanence of the carbonated solids, sequestering CO2 via mineral carbonation has generated lots of interests. However, it is unclear how the fluid‐rock reaction proceeds to completion in spite of an increasing solid volume. We conducted a mineral carbonation experiment in which a sintered olivine aggregate reacted with a sodium bicarbonate solution at reservoir conditions. Time‐resolved synchrotron X‐ray microtomographic images show cracks in polygonal patterns arising in the surface layers and propagating into the interior of the olivine aggregate. The nanotomography data reveal that the incipient cracks intersect at right angles. We infer that stretching due to nonuniform volume expansion generates polygonal cracking of the surfaces. Our data shed new lights on the processes that control hydration and carbonation of peridotite.
Disentangling plasma interaction and induction signatures at Callisto: The Galileo C10 flyby
Authors: Liuzzo Lucas , Simon Sven , Feyerabend Moritz , Motschmann Uwe
Published: September 2016

We apply a combination of data analysis and hybrid modeling to study Callisto's interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere during the Galileo C10 flyby on 17 September 1997. This encounter took place while Callisto was located near the center of Jupiter's current sheet. Therefore, induction in Callisto's subsurface ocean and magnetospheric field line draping around the moon's ionosphere both made nonnegligible contributions to the observed magnetic perturbations. The induction signal during C10 was obscured by plasma currents to a significant degree, in contrast to previously studied Callisto flybys. Our analysis reveals that at large distances to Callisto, its magnetic environment was dominated by field line draping, leading to the formation of Alfvén wings. Closer to the surface and in Callisto's wake, Galileo encountered a quasi‐dipolar “core region” that was partially shielded from the plasma interaction and was dominated by the induced field. When exiting this core region, the spacecraft crossed a rotational discontinuity where the magnetic field vector rotated by approximately 50°. The hybrid model is able to quantitatively explain numerous key features of the observed magnetic signatures, especially the transitions between draping‐ and dipole‐dominated regimes along the C10 trajectory. The model also reproduces the electron number density enhancement by 3–4 orders of magnitude detected in Callisto's wake, requiring a substantial ionosphere to surround the moon during C10. For flybys with nonnegligible plasma currents, comprehensive knowledge of the incident flow conditions and properties of Callisto's atmosphere is required to refine existing constraints on the subsurface ocean (conductivity, thickness, and depth) based on magnetic field data. These findings are highly relevant for the upcoming JUpiter ICy moon Explorer (JUICE) mission, which will include multiple Callisto flybys.
Physical drivers of chlorophyll variability in the open South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhou , Wang Haili , Chai Fei , Qiu Guoqiang
Published: September 2016

The variability of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) in the open South China Sea (SCS) was examined using observations from two Bio‐Argo floats. During the period of September 2014 to August 2015, there was a permanent subsurface Chl a maximum (SCM) in the depth range of 48 to 96 m in the central basin of the SCS. In the northern basin, the SCM disappeared in winter, replaced by enhanced surface layer phytoplankton with high Chl a. The values of the SCM were influenced by the vertical displacement of isotherms. Strong wind forcing and surface cooling were the main physical drivers of high surface Chl a in winter. In the north, stronger wind than in the center, lower sea surface temperature (SST) than in the center, and Kuroshio water intrusion were more favorable for the upward transport of nutrient‐rich deep water. A large amount of nitrate could be advected from the Taiwan Strait and shallow continental shelf to the northern basin in winter. A combination of strong wind mixing, surface cooling, Kuroshio water intrusion, and horizontal advection caused the winter surface phytoplankton bloom in the north.
The unstable ice nucleation properties of Snomax® bacterial particles
Authors: Polen Michael , Lawlis Emily , Sullivan Ryan C.
Published: September 2016

Snomax® is often used as a surrogate for biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) and has recently been proposed as an INP standard for evaluating ice nucleation methods. We have found the immersion freezing properties of Snomax particles to be substantially unstable, observing a loss of ice nucleation ability over months of repeated droplet freezing measurements of the same batch of Snomax stored as dry pellets in a freezer. This reflects the fragility of the most ice active large protein aggregates and presents issues for the use of Snomax as an INP standard. The ice nucleation properties we determined using a fresh Snomax batch agreed well with the recent method intercomparison from the Ice Nucleation UnIT (UNIT) project, while an older batch did not. Using an oil immersion droplet freezing technique, repeated freezes of Snomax droplets resulted in a decrease in ice nucleation ability after successive refreezes. We attribute this to the disruption or displacement of the most ice active protein aggregates that are thought to contain the ice nucleants. Partitioning of the protein aggregates from the droplet into the immersion oil that is accelerated by droplet freezing events could explain the observed decrease in freezing ability. Droplets in mineral oil or low viscosity silicone oil experienced a smaller reduction in freezing temperature than when squalene oil was used. The effect of the immersion oil may be specific to proteinaceous biological particles, and we have not observed it in nonproteinaceous materials. Caution is warranted in the use of oil immersion droplet freezing methods to determine immersion freezing properties.
An investigation on how inner‐core structures obtained through radar data assimilation affect track forecasting of typhoon Jangmi (2008) near Taiwan Island
Authors: Wang Mingjun , Xue Ming , Zhao Kun
Published: September 2016

The impacts of radar data assimilation (DA) on the westward track deflection of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) near Taiwan Island and the deflection mechanism are investigated. Initial conditions from two data assimilation experiments with significant track forecast differences are analyzed and compared. The environmental, axisymmetric, wave number 1 to 3 asymmetric fields of the typhoon are decomposed by using vortex separation and Fourier decomposition methods. The components are selectively recomposed into new initial conditions that include different vortex‐scale components to examine the impact of individual components on the track prediction. The wave number 1 asymmetric structure is found to play a dominant role in the westward deflection of Typhoon Jangmi, and the accurate analysis of this component with radar DA helps to improve the track forecast. The wave number 1 asymmetric circulation is manifested as a pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres with well‐defined ventilation flows through the inner‐core region, which provides additional steering of the typhoon vortex. The layer‐mean environmental steering flow and ventilation flow associated with the wave number 1 gyres are further calculated to quantitatively evaluate the impact of ventilation flow. The ventilation flow is shown to be responsible for most of the westward motion component, suggesting again its role in causing the westward track deflection of Typhoon Jangmi. The results also suggest the importance of analyzing vortex‐scale asymmetric structures for accurate tropical cyclone track forecasting, especially when there is a significant track deflection.
On physical limit of wireless digital transmission from radio wave propagation perspective
Authors: Karasawa Y.
Published: September 2016

Under a time‐invariant condition with thermal noise, the physical limit of digital transmission ability is governed by Shannon's channel capacity. However, in this formula, it does not contain factors on radio wave propagation environments. In other words, for the ultimate information transmission, a sufficiently long time for the coding and signal processing is expected. However, since wave propagation prevents its premise, there is another physical limit for digital transmission in a different perspective with Shannon's channel capacity. Even if the S/N ratio is sufficiently high, there is the limit for information transmission. This paper deals with this matter concerning physical limit of wireless transmission from a radio wave propagation viewpoint.
Fringe integral equations for the 2‐D wedges with soft and hard boundaries
Authors: Apaydin Gokhan , Sevgi Levent , Ufimtsev Pyotr Ya.
Published: September 2016

Novel, fringe wave integral equations that account for the diffraction from nonpenetrable wedges with both soft and hard boundaries are derived. Method of moments simulation of fringe waves generated by a plane wave that excites the wedge is performed using this fringe wave integral equation. The results are compared with the exact physical theory of diffraction fringe waves.
The Henry problem: New semianalytical solution for velocity‐dependent dispersion
Authors: Fahs Marwan , Ataie‐Ashtiani Behzad , Younes Anis , Simmons Craig T. , Ackerer Philippe
Published: September 2016

A new semianalytical solution is developed for the velocity‐dependent dispersion Henry problem using the Fourier‐Galerkin method (FG). The integral arising from the velocity‐dependent dispersion term is evaluated numerically using an accurate technique based on an adaptive scheme. Numerical integration and nonlinear dependence of the dispersion on the velocity render the semianalytical solution impractical. To alleviate this issue and to obtain the solution at affordable computational cost, a robust implementation for solving the nonlinear system arising from the FG method is developed. It allows for reducing the number of attempts of the iterative procedure and the computational cost by iteration. The accuracy of the semianalytical solution is assessed in terms of the truncation orders of the Fourier series. An appropriate algorithm based on the sensitivity of the solution to the number of Fourier modes is used to obtain the required truncation levels. The resulting Fourier series are used to analytically evaluate the position of the principal isochlors and metrics characterizing the saltwater wedge. They are also used to calculate longitudinal and transverse dispersive fluxes and to provide physical insight into the dispersion mechanisms within the mixing zone. The developed semianalytical solutions are compared against numerical solutions obtained using an in house code based on variant techniques for both space and time discretization. The comparison provides better confidence on the accuracy of both numerical and semianalytical results. It shows that the new solutions are highly sensitive to the approximation techniques used in the numerical code which highlights their benefits for code benchmarking.
Serving, Owning, Authoring
Authors: Ruy David
Published: September 2016

Service provider or creative – which is the architect's primary role? And what legal, economic and ethical implications does each aspect carry? Architect and theorist David Ruy examines evolving business models in the architectural profession, from forays into property management to a focus on intellectual property rights, and considers the complexities of copyright law in the digital era.
Massive Re‐Patterning of the Urban Landscape
Authors: Sanchez Jose
Published: September 2016

Gaming is normally seen as a way to escape reality; but could its open‐source tools be used to shape the physical environment? Architect, programmer and game designer Jose Sanchez has created the Block'hood video game as an urban simulation, with users assembling city blocks to design a community. Emerging patterns are tested against ecological and energy concerns. The outcomes both increase public understanding of these issues and present the possibility of a dialogue‐based alternative to top‐down masterplanning.
Design Instruments of Service in the Era of Connection
Authors: Bernstein Phillip G
Published: September 2016

The move towards digital connectivity demands a major rethink of processes, professional obligations and value propositions in architecture. Here, Phillip G Bernstein – architect, educator, technologist, and a vice‐president of Autodesk, Inc – examines how digital modelling is destroying the barriers between design and execution. He considers what impact this has on liabilities and copyright, and investigates the possibilities for architects and builders to be financially rewarded for the performance promises that the new technology makes possible.
Post‐Digital Transdisciplinarity
Authors: Colletti Marjan
Published: September 2016

Why are buildings generally credited to a single individual or firm, without acknowledging the numerous other participants in their creation? Marjan Colletti, founder and director of the REX|LAB robotic experimentation laboratory at the University of Innsbruck, reflects on the nature and implications of transdisciplinarity. With reference to REX|LAB's contribution to the highly collaborative 2015 show of Iris van Herpen's Quaquaversal ready‐to‐wear collection, he further considers the increasingly understated approach to technological presence in the post‐digital age.
The Culture of the Copy
Authors: Leach Neil
Published: September 2016

Is copying necessarily a bad thing? Theorists from Walter Benjamin to Richard Dawkins, and from Judith Butler to Homi Bhabha, have suggested not. Drawing on their work, Neil Leach, Professor of Digital Design at the European Graduate School and Visiting Professor at Harvard Graduate School of Design, challenges the notion of authenticity and argues that the entire history of human culture is built on a constant process of replication.
Multiresponsive Bidirectional Bending Actuators Fabricated by a Pencil‐on‐Paper Method
Authors: Weng Mingcen , Zhou Peidi , Chen Luzhuo , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Wei , Huang Zhigao , Liu Changhong , Fan Shoushan
Published: September 2016

Recently, actuating materials based on carbon nanotubes or graphene have been widely studied. However, present carbon‐based actuating materials are mostly driven by a single stimulus (humidity, light, electricity, etc.), respectively, which means that the application conditions are limited. Here, a new kind of multiresponsive actuating material which can be driven by humidity, light, and electricity is proposed, so it can be used in various conditions. The fabrication is based on the simplest pencil‐on‐paper method, in which the pencil and paper are both low‐cost and easily obtained daily materials. The actuation effect is more remarkable due to a dual‐mode actuation mechanism, which leads to an ultralarge actuation (bending curvature up to 2.6 cm−1). Elaborately designed, the actuator can further exhibit a bidirectional bending actuation, which is a significant improvement compared with previous reported thermal actuators. What is more, a colorful biomimetic flower and a smart curtain are also fabricated, fully utilizing the printable characteristic of the paper and multiresponsive characteristic of the actuator. It is assumed that the newly designed actuating material has great potential in the fields of lab‐on‐paper devices, artificial muscles, robotics, biomimics, and smart household materials.