bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM ALLIUM HOOKERI THWAITES AS A GASTROPROTECTIVE AGENT
Authors: Singh Khumanthem Deepak , Chetia Dipak , E. Biplab D.
Published: May 2018

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the antiulcer potential of an isolated flavonoid compound from Allium hookeri (AH).Methods: Oral administration of ethanol-induced ulcer to the mucosal layer of the stomach in the rats. The ulcer score and percentage protection was calculated from the stomach and gastric mucosal scrapping was carried out for the biochemical studies. Antioxidant study was carried out in liver and histopathological study of the ulcer stomach was performed.Results: Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract of AH (MEAH) leaves afforded a new flavonoid compound characterized as 3, 5, 6-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro benzofuran-7-yl) phenyl-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (Compound 1). The flavonoid compound at the dose of 5 mg/kg showed a significant change in ulcer index by reducing the ulcer index and increased in percentage protection. It also increased the in vivo antioxidant activity by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GLU) and catalase (CAT) levels. The isolated compound reversed the increase of mucin content in the mucosal scrapings. The histopathology study showed the reversed of normal gland texture in the mucous layer of the standard and compound 1 treated stomach when compared to the negative control.Conclusion: Present findings demonstrated the significant antiulcer activity and antioxidant activity of the isolated flavonoid compound as the supporting factor.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF DROTAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hari Kuralla , Rajeswari Saripilli , Ramanamurthy Kolapalli Venkata
Published: May 2018

Objective: To formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine hydrochloride (HCl) by sublimation technique.Methods: Initially superdisintegrant was selected and its concentration was optimized by pre-compression and post-compression parametric evaluation. Camphor and menthol were used as sublimating agents alone and in combination to mask the taste of drotaverine hydrochloride. Prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical evaluation, in vitro dissolution studies and fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies.Results: The optimised formulation DCM2 prepared with a mixture of camphor and menthol was characterised by fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies and found no incompatibility and no major shifts were noticed.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl orally disintegrating tablets showed better taste masking. The present sublimation technique can be effectively used for taste masking and also for orally disintegrating tablets.
LAWSONIA ALBA LEAVES INDUCE APOPTOSIS AND CELL CYCLE ARREST IN B16F10 MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Deb Nilanjana , Hansda Anita , Dutta Soumyasree , Pattanaik Ashok , Besra Shila Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the anti-melanoma activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Lawsonia alba lam leaves (ELA) against B16F10 cells.Methods: Cytotoxicity of ELA on B16F10 cells was determined by MTT assay and supported with the morphology of apoptotic and necrotic cells under phase-contrast microscope, fluorescence microscopy with AO/EtBr, confocal microscopy with PI, Agarose gel electrophoresis and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle arrest by FACS was also performed on B16F10 cells.Results: Cytotoxic effect of ELA on B16F10 melanoma cell was confirmed by MTT assay with an IC50 value of 14.10μg/ml. Morphological study showed arrays of both the nuclear changes including chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation indicating that the treatment with ELA and 5-Fluorouracil (standard) causes apoptotic changes in the melanoma cells compared to the untreated control. Agarose gel electrophoresis study showed fragmented DNA in the form of ladder. The depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential was confirmed. Flow cytometric analysis showed appreciable number of cells in early apoptotic stage. The cells were arrested mostly in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of Lawsonia alba L. leaves possesses potent apoptotic activity against B16F10 cells.
INTERACTION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN BY SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES
Authors: Abraham Suja , Parthasarathy Vellaichamy
Published: May 2018

Objective: Since structural changes of adsorbed protein are necessary for cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) it is of prime importance to know about structural changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) when it interacts with CuO NPs–a potential new antitumor drug.Methods: CuO NPs prepared by sol-gel technique were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and tunneling electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The conformational changes induced by CuO NPs on BSA were studied by various spectroscopic techniques such as steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The changes in fluorescence emission parameters such as fluorescence intensity, fluorescence emission maximum and lifetimes of fluorescent residues in BSA were studied.Results: XRD analysis showed the average particle size as 32 nm. The TEM micrograph showed particles of different size varying from 10 to 45 nm. Fluorescence quenching was confirmed due to a decrease in fluorescence intensity of CuO NPs–BSA complex. The analysis of lifetime measurements indicated BSA contained two tryptophan (trp) residues that fluoresced in different environments. Static quenching mechanism was confirmed by time-resolved measurements when BSA interacted with CuO NPs.Conclusion: Minor structural changes of BSA protein were observed during the interaction studies.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (LINN.) G. DON. VAR. “ROSEA” AND “ALBA”
Authors: Yadav Amresh Kumar , Ambasta Sanjeev Kumar , Prasad Surendra Kumar , Trivedi M. P.
Published: May 2018

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial property of crude, aqueous and organic solvent extract from leaf, stem and root parts of two different var. of Catharanthus roseus (i.e. “rosea” and “alba”) under in vitro conditions on various human pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Antibacterial activity of crude (fresh), aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and equimolar (1:1) mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extract of variety “rosea” and “alba” was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disk diffusion method under in vitro conditions.Results: Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. Dried extracts of root, stem and leaf of C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” plants showed maximum antibacterial potency against all the test microorganisms. The equimolar mixture of ethanolic dried leaf extracts of species “rosea” and “alba” exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus as compare to extract prepared from individual parts. The findings of the ethanolic mixture of dried leaves of the two varieties on the tested bactera confirm that the effect is potentiating which may be synergistic or additive.Conclusion: From the findings, it could be inferred that C. roseus var. “rosea” and “alba” could be efficiently used in the development of new life-saving drugs against bacterial pathogens.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-CML ACTIVITY OF METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF BENKARA MALABARICA (LAM.) TIRVENG PLANT LEAVES
Authors: Khajapeer Kalubai Vari , Biswal Ranjan , Baskaran Rajasekaran
Published: May 2018

Objective: To investigate the phytoconstituents and in vitro cytotoxicity of methanol (MeOH) and aqueous (AQE) extracts of Benkara malabarica (Lam.) Triveng (BM) plant leaves.Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) was carried out to disclose the principal phytoconstituents present in MeOH and AQE extracts of BM. In vitro cytotoxicity of BM extracts were determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed to visualize morphological changes upon treatment of BM extracts. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was carried out to determine the apoptosis and cell cycle arrestability of BM extracts.Results: GC MS analysis reported the presence of nine phytoconstituents in MeOH and AQE extracts of BM. The IC50 of BM MeOH, AQE extracts treated K562 cells were 49.78±1.697, 15.47±1.19 µg/ml for 48 h and found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). AO/EB and DAPI staining results anticipated the induction of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation upon treatment of BM extracts. FACS analysis revealed the SubG0 cell populations increased in K562 cells treated by BM MeOH (18.15) and AQE (51.26) extracts.Conclusion: The results of the present study uncovered that the BM AQE extract was more potent in inhibiting K562 cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis compared to the MeOH extract of BM.
ANTIBIOTIC PRESCRIPTION TO PEDIATRIC IN HOSPITAL BENGKULU, INDONESIA: ATC/DDD INDEX
Authors: Muslim Zamharira
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibiotics for children in the General Hospital of Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, Indonesia by using the ATC/DDD index, which is accepted as a standard method.Methods: This study was descriptive analytic research with qualitative methods. Observations conducted over six months collecting retrospective prescribing data antibiotics in children admitted in January to June 2014. Data obtained assessed antibiotics prescribed in a quantity which is calculated using ATC/DDD index. In this study, DDDs of anti-infective agents are listed for systemic use, according to ATC/DDD 2016 Index. Data pediatric patients hospitalized amounted to 447 patients while fulfilling the inclusion criteria amounted to 103 medical records and the use of antibiotics which recorded 175 prescriptions.Results: The kind of antibiotics that are widely used are gentamicin (34.9%) and ampicillin (34.3%). The highest ACI based group is penicillin group antibiotics (ampicillin) is 26 DDD/100 bed-days. Highest DDDs in this study is ampicillin (101.7). Utilization of antibiotics in hospitals in Bengkulu, Indonesia to pediatric patient higher than suggested by the WHO is based on a quantitative analysis using the ACT/DDD index.Conclusion: Analysis of antibiotic use in children is not rationally quantitatively seen from the total value of ACI in one of the government hospital is very high compared to WHO standard and based on the most antibiotic type was ampicillin followed by gentamicin.
INHIBITION OF α-AMYLASE AND α-GLUCOSIDASE BY (6RS)-22-HYDROXY-23,24,25,26,27-PENTANOR-VITAMIN-D3-6,19-SULFUR DIOXIDE-ADDUCT, MANOALIDE AND 5β-CHOLESTANE-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-HEXOL ISOLATED FROM ACETONE EXTRACT OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. SEEDS
Authors: Sonkamble Varsha V. , Wagh Nilesh S. , Kamble Laxmikant H.
Published: May 2018

Objective: This investigation includes characterization of phytochemicals from acetone extract of Helianthus annuus L. seeds responsible for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition revealed from in vitro and in silico approaches.Methods: Seed extract was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of bioactive molecules. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays and kinetics studies for α-glucosidase were done. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) autography of extract was done to screen potent inhibitors and characterized by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR LC-MS). Characterized molecules were further used for in silico studies.Results: Qualitative investigation reveals the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. Quantitative analysis for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the extract was 0.1±0.005 mg/ml GAE and 0.025±0.003 mg/ml QE respectively. Percent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase ascertained in presence of extract was 60.42±0.6 and 83.22±0.18 at 0.01 mg while 36.24±0.81 and 37.67±0.15 at 0.005 mg of extracts for both enzymes respectively. Kinetics studies of α-glucosidase inhibition illustrated the non-competitive type of inhibition. TLC autography inhibition patterns were characterized by HR LC-MS. Characterized molecules on docking revealed (6RS)-22-hydroxy-23,24,25,26,27-pentanor-vitamin-D3-6,19-sulfurdioxide-adduct, manoalide and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-hexol as the best docked molecules with lowest binding energies of-12.5,-11 and-10.2 kcal/mol for α-amylase and-14.2,-11 and-11.2 kcal/mol for α-glucosidase respectively.Conclusion: Results clearly suggested that (6RS)-22-hydroxy-23,24,25,26,27-pentanor-vitamin-D3-6,19-sulfurdioxide-adduct, manoalide and 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,25,26-hexol could be considered as lead molecules for the discovery of potent antidiabetic agents.
TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SYSTEMS FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS: A REVIEW
Authors: . Dimple , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Vikas , Tomer Vidisha
Published: May 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which has clinched the world. More than 300 million people of the world are suffering from this disease and the number is still increasing at a rapid rate as modern medical science has no permanent solution for the disease. Current scenario of the nutraceuticals has increased patient’s faith on the traditional medicinal system and world nutraceutical industry is estimated to reach $285.0 billion by 2021. The increasing trend of nutraceuticals in diabetes treatment makes it important to collect the traditional knowledge of medicines under one heading as it can help researchers to formulate new functional foods and nutraceuticals which can either lower down the risk or cure DM. In addition, the discussion of market available food products, their active components and possible health benefits can help the patients to understand the herbal medicines in a better way.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: THE OFF-LABEL USE OF ANTICONVULSANTS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rahajeng Bangunawati , Ikawati Zullies , Andayani Tri Murti , Dwiprahasto Iwan
Published: May 2018

Objective: Anticonvulsant is one class of drugs often used off-label. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and the indication of the off-label use of anticonvulsants in a private hospital in Java, Indonesia.Methods: This was an observational study with a retrospective data collection in a private hospital in Java. Data were obtained on the prescription of anticonvulsants. Indications of the use of anticonvulsants were obtained from the medical records of patients who were prescribed anticonvulsants. The off-label use of anticonvulsants was defined a prescribing of medication outside the indication approved by The National Agency of Drug and Food Control Indonesia (NA-DFC). The use off-label of anticonvulsants was calculated by descriptive analysis and presented as a percentage.Results: It showed that in one year there were 5,310 for 1,316 patients: of this 462 patients (35.11%) were for an off-label use. The anticonvulsants used off-label were oxcarbazepine 67.27% (37/55), carbamazepine 46.15% (54/117), pregabalin45.45% (60/132), phenytoin37.62% (225/598), valproate 25.34% (37/109), and gabapentin 18.28% (49/219). The highest off-label use of anticonvulsants was found in neurological and psychiatric disorders 67.32% (n=311), and on 97.19% of them were not supported by strong clinical evidence.Conclusion: The off-label use of anticonvulsants occurred in one-third of patients receiving prescriptions of anticonvulsants, even though for most of them there was a lack of evidence. More attention must be paid to the efficacy and risk of side effects of the drug used.
AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE WHOLE PLANT BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (LINN.) DC
Authors: R. Abhirama B. , R Shanmuga Sundaram , A Raju
Published: May 2018

Objective: Present study was undertaken to investigate the nephroprotective activity of whole plant ethanol extract of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. DC (B. sensitivum; EEBS) on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Gentamicin (GM) 100 mg/kg/d; i. p., was given to all groups except normal control to induce nephrotoxicity for a period of 8 d in rats. Animals in Group I served as control and Group II as GM-treated or nephrotoxic control. Group III received standard quercetin (50 mg/kg; p. o.); group IV received EEBS (250 mg/kg; p. o.) and group V received EEBS (500 mg/kg; p. o.), for 8 d. Several renal functional tests and injury markers such as a change in body weight, water intake, urine volume and pH, urinary levels of total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured. Different hematological parameters including, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood corpuscles (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, polymorphs and eosinophil were also analyzed.Results: The results revealed that co-administration of EEBS at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the urinary excretion of total protein (4.05±0.04, 3.53±0.05 g/dl), albumin (0.81±0.08, 0.71±0.00 g/dl), calcium (8.05±0.05, 7.81±0.06 mg/dl) and magnesium (0.79±0.05, 0.77±0.06 mg/dl) respectively. EEBS treatment in group IV and V animals produced a significant increase in body weight (2.58±0.17, 2.52±0.22 g), water intake (17.35±0.82, 17.87±0.86 ml/24 h) urine output (7.24±0.15, 7.88±0.08 ml/24 h), compared to animals in group II. Co-therapy with both doses of extracts also showed significant increase in RBC (6.85±0.31, 7.10±0.43 million/mm3) Hb (13.96±0.21, 13.83±0.31 g/dl), MCH (20.45±0.49, 20.67±0.51 pg) and PCV (38.29±0.42, 38.53±0.20%) levels, whereas WBC (8.24±0.21, 8.15±0.10 1X103/mm3) and polymorphs (14.19±0.20, 14.05±0.11%) levels were found to be significantly reduced respectively in animals than those in toxic control group.Conclusion: This study substantiated and confirmed the ethnomedical usefulness of B. sensitivum as a nephroprotective and antioxidant agent.
EL CONTEXTO EDUCATIVO Y SU RELACIÓN CON LOS SENTIMIENTOS SOBRE LA PROFESIÓN Y LA DOCENCIA EN PROFESORES DE LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Gómez Torres Francisco Hernando
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: identificar los sentimientos y las condiciones asociadas a la profesión y la enseñanza en profesores de la educación secundaria. Metodología: se trabajó en el marco de la investigación fenomenográfica con 30 profesores; la información se obtuvo a partir de entrevista semiestructurada desarrollada en cuatro momentos y una observación de sesión de clase por profesor. Hallazgos: los resultados muestran que se encuentran sentimientos positivos y negativos vinculados a diez condiciones diferentes. Conclusiones: se pueden identificar las condiciones que producen satisfacción e insatisfacción de manera diferenciada, cuando se indaga sobre la docencia en general, en comparación con situaciones específicas de enseñanza, cuestión que permite comprender el lugar en el que ubica su afecto el profesor y trabajar en el sostenimiento o mejoramiento de las condiciones asociadas.
EL OTRO COMO POSIBILIDAD. UN IMAGINARIO DE ESPERANZA EN LA FORMACIÓN DE MAESTROS
Authors: Murcia Peña Napoleón , Jaramillo Ocampo Diego Armando
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: comprender la dinámica de los imaginarios sociales de maestros en formación sobre la educabilidad. Metodología: se tomó como referencia la teoría de los imaginarios sociales y sus aplicaciones en la Educación. El enfoque y diseño se desarrolló desde la complementariedad, apoyándose en los análisis del discurso desde sus funciones principales y sus relaciones con las dimensiones del imaginario social (referencial: imaginario social instituido; expresiva y pragmática: imaginario social radical/instituyente). El análisis se realizó desde la lógica de las coordenadas sociales. Hallazgos: el estudio muestra que, pese a que la dinámica de los imaginarios sociales que configuran los maestros en formación se define desde lo acordado y validado socialmente anclado en las formas de control, emerge un imaginario radical esperanzador que busca romper con estas tradiciones hacia el reconocimiento del otro como posibilidad. Conclusión: es necesario que las instituciones y los programas permitan el desplazamiento de estos imaginarios totalmente creativos y re-signifiquen los ya institucionalizados.
TÍTULOS Y TEMÁTICAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN EDUCACIÓN Y PEDAGOGÍA: UNA MIRADA CRÍTICA DESDE LA PAZ
Authors: Gómez Quintero Mario Andrés , Flórez Vargas Juan Pablo
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: definir los esquemas de inteligibilidad desde los cuales se realiza la investigación educativa y pedagógica a partir de unos focos de análisis (títulos y temáticas), buscando relaciones con la categoría paz. Metodología: el método empleado fue de carácter documental sustentado en lo logrado por Ospina y Murcia (2012) en lo referente a las regiones investigativas, con el apoyo de las matrices de orden doxográfico, donde se analizaron 64 estudios en bases de datos. Hallazgos: se evidencian los saberes y las prácticas pedagógicas y la paz como categorías con mayor presencia y la evaluación educativa y el currículo con menor abordaje en los estudios tomados como referencia.
Class III malocclusion and bilateral cross-bite in an adult patient treated with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and aligners
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Carlucci Antonella , Maino Bortolo Giuliano , Colonna Anna , Paoletto Emanuele , Siciliani Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

This case report describes the use of a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and aligners to correct bilateral cross-bite and crowding in an adult patient with a Class III skeletal pattern. A digitally designed surgical guide was three-dimensionally printed and used to accurately insert four miniscrews into the palate; these were employed to anchor a novel miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander appliance without any dental anchorage. Cone-beam computed tomograms before and after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander treatment demonstrated the orthopedic expansion of the maxilla without dental tipping. The patient was then fitted with aligners to correct crowding and malocclusion. This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of an adult patient with a narrow maxilla and bilateral cross-bite using a nonsurgical, conservative treatment.
Metabolic Syndrome and Neurocognition Among Diverse Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics/Latinos: HCHS/SOL Results
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Vásquez Priscilla , Sanderlin Ashley H. , Rosenberg Natalya I. , Davis Sonia , Rodríguez Carlos J. , Gallo Linda C. , Thyagarajan Bharat , Daviglus Martha , Khambaty Tasneem , Cai Jianwen , Schneiderman Neil
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE

Hispanics/Latinos have the highest risks for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and are also at increased risk for Alzheimer disease. In this study, we examined associations among neurocognitive function, MetS, and inflammation among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Cross-sectional data (2008–2011) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) were analyzed to examine associations between neurocognition and MetS among diverse Hispanics/Latinos (N = 9,136; aged 45–74 years).

RESULTS

MetS status was associated with lower global neurocognition, mental status, verbal learning and memory, verbal fluency, and executive function. Age significantly modified the associations between MetS and learning and memory measures. Significant associations between MetS and neurocognition were observed among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos, and all associations remained robust to additional covariates adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that MetS was associated with lower neurocognitive function, particularly in midlife. Our findings support and extend current hypotheses that midlife may be a particularly vulnerable developmental period for unhealthy neurocognitive aging.
Páginas finales
Authors: Finales Páginas
Published: May 2018

Páginas finales, Revista EIA, edición 28
Processos e políticas de avaliação no Ceará: cooperação e responsabilização
Authors: Soares Erineuda do Amaral , Werle Flávia Obino Corrêa
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os revérberos da avaliação da educação nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Explicita o uso de premiação e incentivos financeiros propostos pelos estados a partir dos resultados dos alunos nessas avaliações. O exemplo apresentado é o Prêmio Escola Nota Dez no Ceará. Foi usada a revisão bibliográfica como metodologia, priorizando o enfoque comparado dos principais documentos legais que embasam as avaliações em larga escala tanto na esfera internacional, como nacional e estadual. Conclui-se que os resultados das avaliações em larga escala dos estados brasileiros influenciam as políticas públicas educacionais, principalmente nos repasses financeiros às escolas e municípios com maior e menores índices obtidos nas avaliações. As avaliações, nesse contexto, seguem a lógica da educação contábil e replicação das experiências exitosas por meio de uma cooperação técnico-pedagógica de transferência das práticas que deram ‘certo’ numa tentativa de qualificar, porém, também uniformizando o ensino. Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Políticas Educacionais. Cooperação.
Produção de vídeos amadores de experimentos: algumas contribuições para se pensar o processo educativo
Authors: Francisco Junior Wilmo Ernesto , Benigno Ana Paula Aquino
Published: May 2018

A produção de vídeos de experimentos se descortina como uma ferramenta para as atividades experimentais, permitindo entrelaçar experimento, linguagem audiovisual e a ciência química. Nesses termos, o presente trabalho investigou a produção de vídeos de experimentos por estudantes, focando especialmente as questões técnico-estéticos da produção e como estas podem se interrelacionar com o processo educativo. A análise dos vídeos demonstrou a presença espontânea de técnicas e elementos estéticos (música, dramatização, humor) que muitas vezes não se fazem presentes nas aulas de ciências. A diversão, a liberdade, a criatividade e a responsabilidade foram características que surgiram e estão ligadas ao caráter lúdico e ao engajamento pela atividade. Assim, a interação e o envolvimento dos sujeitos na produção dos vídeos possibilitam ao professor promover a discussão do conhecimento científico de maneira ampliada. Palavras-chave: Linguagem Audiovisual. Experimentação. Tecnologias Digitais.
OnTime application by Pixel, as sustainable mobility creating tool in the cities
Authors: Dyr Tadeusz
Published: May 2018

Intelligent transport systems are essential factor of dealing with cities’ communication issues. Their implementation enables sustainable mobility planning. In consequence it reduces congestions and transport’s negative impact on the environment. In this article, with theoretical considerations in the background, has been presented piece of one the most intelligent transport system – OnTime application by Pixel.
«Géneros, procedimientos, contextos. Conceptos de uso frecuente en los estudios literarios», de Martina López Casanova y María Elena Fonsalido (coords.)
Authors: Martín Villarreal Juan Pedro
Published: May 2018

Reseña del libro de Martina López Casanova y María Elena Fonsalido (coords.), Géneros, procedimientos, contextos. Conceptos de uso frecuente en los estudios literarios (Buenos Aires, Ediciones UNGS, 2018).
*-g-frames in tensor products of Hilbert C*-modules
Authors: Rossafi Mohamed , Kabbaj Samir
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study ∗-g-frames in tensor products of Hilbert C∗-modules. We show that a tensor product of two ∗-g-frames is a ∗-g-frame, and we get some result.
Possible protective effect of curcumin on the thyroid gland changes induced by sodium fluoride in albino rats: light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Abdelaleem Mohamed Mostafa , El-Tahawy Nashwa Fathy Gamal , Abozaid Samah Mohammed Mahmoud , Abdel-Hakim Shima Abdel-Baset
Published: May 2018

Objectives. Thyroid gland regulates the body’s metabolic rate and plays an exquisitely important role in the human health. Fluoride exposure can affect thyroid function. Curcumin is a potent antioxidant that works through several mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the hormonal, histological, and ultrastructural changes occurred in the thyroid gland induced by exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) and study the possible protective effect of curcumin on the NaF-induced effects.

Methods. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (10 rats each): the control group, NaF group, and NaF+Curcumin (NaF+Cur) group. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were assayed and thyroid tissues processed for light and transmission electron microscopic study.

Results. In NaF group, serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly decreased whereas TSH level was significantly increased compared to the control group. Thyroid tissues showed flattening of the epithelial lining with several follicular cell degenerations, hyperplasia, decreased colloid, disrupted basement membrane, cytoplasmic vacuolations, degenerated mitochondria, widening of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and vascular congestion compared to the control group. In the NaF+Cur group, serum TSH levels were significantly decreased in comparison with NaF group and no significant difference in comparison with the control group. Thyroid sections appeared apparently normal compared to the control group and NaF group.

Conclusions. Sodium fluoride affected both the function and structure of the thyroid gland while curcumin was protective against these toxic effects.
Darapladib inhibits atherosclerosis development in type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat model
Authors: Wihastuti Titin Andri , Heriansyah Teuku , Hanifa Hanifa , Andarini Sri , Sholichah Zuhrotus , Sulfia Yuni Hendrati , Adam Aditya Angela , Refialdinata Jeki , Lutfiana Nurul Cholifah
Published: May 2018

Objective. Increase in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis is related to lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that produces lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids (oxNEFA). LysoPC regulates inflammation mediators, including intra-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Darapladib is known as a Lp-PLA2 specific inhibitor. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of darapladib on the foam cell number, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and ICAM-1 expression in aorta at early stages of the atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat model.

Methods. Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 main groups: control, rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and T2DM rats treated with darapladib (T2DM-DP). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according the time of treatment: 8-week and 16-week treatment group. Fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and lipid profile were measured and analyzed to ensure T2DM model. The foam cells number were detected using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 was analyzed using double immunofluorescence staining.

Results. Induction of T2DM in male Sprague-Dawley rats after high fat diet and streptozotocin injection was confirmed by elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL and increased fasting glucose and insulin levels compared to controls after both times of treatment. Moreover, T2DM in rats induced a significant increase (p<0.05) in the foam cells number and iNOS and ICAM-1 expression in aorta compared to controls after both treatment times. Darapladib treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) foam cells number as well as iNOS expression in aorta in rats with T2DM after both treatment times. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in ICAM-1 expression in aorta was observed after darapladib treatment in rats with T2DM only after 8 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion. Our data indicate that darapladib can decrease the foam cells number, iNOS, and ICAM-1 expression in aorta at the early stages of atherosclerosis in T2DM rat model.
Glucometabolic effects of single and repeated exposure to forced-swimming stressor in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Morakinyo Ayodele Olufemi , Iranloye Bolanle Olubusola , Ogunsola Oluseyi Abimbola
Published: May 2018

Objectives. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a single (acute) and repeated (chronic) exposure to forced-swimming stressor on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and glycogen content in male rats.

Methods. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were divided randomly into five groups: control group, single exposure (SE) to forced-swim stressor, repeated exposure to forced-swim stressor for 7 days (RE7), 14 days (RE14) and 28 days (RE28). Glucose tolerance test and Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were undertaken on fasting rats to obtain glucose and insulin profiles. ELISA was performed to assess plasma insulin and corticosterone levels. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoproteins, hepatic and skeletal glycogen content were also determined.

Results. Repeated exposure to stressor induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in the experimental rats. Results showed that all RE groups exhibited a significantly higher area under the curve compared with others (p=0.0001); similarly, HOMA-IR increased (p=0.0001) in all RE groups compared with control. Prolonged exposure to stressor significantly increased the plasma insulin and corticosterone levels but decreased the glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscle when compared with the control group. Additionally, chronic stressor significantly increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, however, acute stressor produced significantly elevated high-density lipoproteins level.

Conclusions. In conclusion, repeated exposure to forced-swimming stressor induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in rats by disrupting the insulin sensitivity as well as heightening the glycogenolysis in the liver and skeletal muscle. Acute stressor was unable to cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance but it appears that may have a positive effect on the lipid metabolism.
Key Enabling Technologies – is the Czech Republic catching up the leading countries in innovation and technology?
Authors: Kučera Zdeněk , Vondrák Tomáš
Published: May 2018

The topic of this contribution is a comparison of the research & development related to the “key enabling technologies” (KETs) in the Czech Republic and the European Union as a whole with selected non-European economies. A further aim of this article is an appraisal of the effect of the European strategies and action programmes which have been implemented since the turn of the decade and which target the lagging of EU in innovations in critical technologies. We use the publication and the patent activities as a proxy to assess the intensity of the KETs oriented R&D. The Asian countries Japan, South Korea and the fast growing China have the highest fraction of KETs oriented publications and patents in their national output. The Chinese State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) recorded in 2015 a half of the world patent applications related to KETs. Measured by their share of publications, the Asian countries exhibit a significantly more intensive R&D in the majority of KETs. Whereas the patent activity of the Asian countries grows the number of patent applications in the EU stagnates in the recent years and EU visibly lags behind the Asian competitors. The EU R&D policies and strategies aimed at the promotion of KET and the financial support does not seem exhibiting visible effects. In the Czech republic KETs became an organic component of the National Research and Innovation Strategy for the intelligent specialisation (National RIS3 strategy) and a number of targeted public financing programmes support KETs related projects. The situation in the Czech Republic has been evolving in a positive way between 2008 and 2016. Both the number of publications and patent applications related to KETs has been increasing and the growth dynamics approaches the Asian countries. The number of publications per research worker in the Czech Republic is on par with the EU. Due to a stronger growth in recent years of the number of patent applications in comparison to EU the Czech republic reached the EU average per researcher and the fraction of the KETs related applications surpasses the EU average and even some developed countries.
Legal analysis of the new register of research organizations
Authors: Kobert Martin
Published: May 2018

In the middle of 2017 the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports published a new register of research organizations as part of an ongoing effort to establish, within the framework of the Czech Republic state administration, a central body responsible for assessing the defining attributes of research organizations, thereby removing the need for each grantor to conduct such assessment individually. The consequence of this measure is to effectively replace the existing register maintained by the Research, Development and Innovation Council, which essentially has no legal relevance compared to this new register. Successful completion of the assessment is a requirement for research organizations to obtain funding not considered to be state aid therefore the existence of a legally binding register is crucial even though the above mentioned authorities do not perceive it this way. This approach questions the future of the register itself underscored by the fact that it has been marred by legislative errors. However, the register now works and more than 112 entities (updated to 14th of December 2017) are registered and available for grantors to use to assess beneficiaries. The aim of this article is presentation with its legal substance and analysis of its meaning for potential registrants, especially in the context of providing grants, including the relevant issues.
Participation connections between programmes supporting business research and follow-up additionality of participation in the programmes IMPULS, TANDEM and TIP
Authors: Kostić Miroslav
Published: May 2018

In the first part of the article, connections between the most substantial non-investment public programmes supporting business research are analysed, namely by the share of participants following with participation in subsequently launched programmes and their share on the total allocated support. The second part of the text deals with participation connections between earlier started programmes – IMPULS, TANDEM and TIP – and afterwards started programmes ALFA and CENTRA KOMPETENCE. Groups of beneficiaries divided according to their participation or non-participation in following programmes are compared on the basis of several structural features. According to data analysis, repeated participation in the programmes supporting business research is positively influenced by the size of supported companies. Publicly owned companies have higher tendencies to repeated participation in these programmes considering the fact that their main economic activity is more often research and development than in the case of private companies. In sectorial structure of beneficiaries with repeated participation in public programmes, especially R&D with related knowledge intensive services and certain high-tech & medium high-tech industries were more represented compared to the group of beneficiaries not participating in later started programmes. The third part of the article deals with the issue of follow-up additionality, here reduced to examining differences in behaviour of companies participating and non-participating in following programmes supporting business R&D. These differences viewed through two indicators – R&D expenditure from various resources and number of employees in R&D – were monitored in the years following the allocation of public support. Repeated participation in public programmes has an evident connection with the inflow of business R&D funding from other businesses. This source of funding enabled beneficiaries participating in a follow-up support programme – despite the constant reduction of public funding – to increase or at least slow down the decrease of total R&D funding. Trend of decreasing R&D expenditure and R&D employment, obvious mainly in the group of beneficiaries with no follow-up participation, apparently relates to the reduction of public expenditures on business research and thus indicates reliance of beneficiaries on the public support of R&D.
Modelling Morphographemic Alternations in Derivation of Czech
Authors: Ševčíková Magda
Published: May 2018

The present paper deals with morphographemic alternations in Czech derivation with regard to the build-up of a large-coverage lexical resource specialized in derivational morphology of contemporary Czech (DeriNet database). After a summary of available descriptions in the Czech linguistic literature and Natural Language Processing, an extensive list of alternations is provided in the first part of the paper with a focus on their manifestation in writing. Due to the significant frequency and limited predictability of alternations in Czech derivation, several bottom-up methods were used in order to adequately model the alternations in DeriNet. Suffix-substitution rules proved to be efficient for alternations in the final position of the stem, whereas a specialized approach of extracting alternations from inflectional paradigms was used for modelling alternations within the roots. Alternations connected with derivation of verbs were handled as a separate task. DeriNet data are expected to be helpful in developing a tool for morphemic segmentation and, once the segmentation is available, to become a reliable resource for data-based description of word formation including alternations in Czech.
The Miraculous Virgin: Journey from Novella to Shooting Script
Authors: Michalovič Michal
Published: May 2018

Dominik Tatarka’s novella The Miraculous Virgin was first published in 1944. Twenty years later a second edition (revised by the author) was published and at approximately the same time Tatarka wrote a literary script for an intended film based on his novella. Director Štefan Uher (who had previously directed three feature films – Class Nine A, The Sun in a Net and The Organ) undertook the film adaptation. He wrote the shooting script based on Tatarka’s literary script and in 1966 he directed the movie The Miraculous Virgin. In the present study the author analyses the evolution of the text from one version to another. Tatarka’s modifications to the text and Uher’s subsequent changes are being analysed. The readers – and future audience of the film – had at their disposal four literary versions of The Miraculous Virgin: two editions of the novella, a film treatment by Tatarka (published in two issues of the Slovenské pohľady magazine in 1964) and a so-called literary script (published in 1966). Therefore we can talk about a complex consisting of various components and we can analyse in detail the relationship between them.
Evaluating Traffic Risk Indexes in Iran’s Rural Roads. Case Study: Ardabil-Meshkin Rural Road
Authors: Sadeghpour Mazdak , Mohammadi Mehdi
Published: May 2018

The main objective of this study is to rank the chief parameters and their important features which lead to rural roads accidents in Iran. To conduct this, an item as Risk Index is defined as the risk of a parameter and feature causing road accidents. Of all detected parameters, only five parameters and their features were chosen. Then Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to find the scores of Risk Indexes of each parameter and feature to rank them with regard to the two main criteria. These criteria were “Effect on Accidents Number” and “Effect on Accident Severity”. The data of this research was collected from two forms of questionnaires. Each of the 622 participants of this research filled both forms of the questionnaires. The results show that considering only Risk Index of main parameters in rural roads led to a big misunderstanding about detecting traffic accident causes. A comparison between obtained scores for both Risk Indexes of parameters and features clarifies that paying more attention to road features rather than road parameters can bring about detecting hazardous locations more accurately to assign limited budget to vulnerable locations in rural roads and decrease the rate of traffic accidents.
Promising Directions for the Logistics Service Providers Development on the Russian Market in Times of Recession
Authors: Dybskaya Valentina V. , Vinogradov Andrey B.
Published: May 2018

The Russian market of logistics services suffered substantial losses during recent economic recession. Decrease in import from the EU and the USA, reduction of consumer spending within the country, increased borrowing costs led to sharp reduction in the growth rate of the investigated market value. Shortage of the modern infrastructure, fragmentation and imbalance of the Russian logistics market have contributed badly. This article focuses on identification of the promising strategic development directions for logistics service providers operating on the Russian market. On the basis of literature survey, the authors derive attractive client groups for 3PL operators, priority regions for geographical expansion as well as high-demand logistics and related services. The results of this survey could help logistics agents to define or clarify their market positioning and serve as a basis for further study of specific features in logistics outsourcing development in Russia.
New Data about Snail-Killing Flies (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) in Iran
Authors: Khaghaninia S. , Kazerani F. , Vala Jean-Claude
Published: May 2018

Based on material collected in East Azerbaijan Province during 2009-2012, 15 species belonging to 11 genera of the family Sciomyzidae are recorded. Two species, Euthycera sticticaria (Mayer, 1953) and Tetanocera arrogans Meigen, 1830, are recorded for the first time from Iran. Biology and distribution of all species are provided. Also a key to Coremacera Rondani, 1856 species in Middle East and central Asia is provided.
First Note on Fish Parasites in Polissky Nature Reserve, Northern Ukraine
Authors: Rubtsova N. Yu. , Kutsokon Yu. K.
Published: May 2018

Nineteen species of parasites belonging to seven taxonomical groups were detected in nine species of fish (Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758), Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758), Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Sabanejewia baltica Witkowski, 1994, Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus, 1758), Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 and Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758) from two small rivers in Polissky Nature Reserve in the northern part of Ukraine. Th e highest species richness of parasites was registered for G. gobio (7 species). Four species of parasites were found in S. cephalus. Three parasite species were found in E. lucius. Two parasite species were detected in R. rutilus and P. fluviatilis. C. taenia, M. fossilis, and S. baltica harboured each one species of parasites. Gyrodactylus sp. from S. baltica was reported for the first time. All parasites represent new geographical finding for the north of Ukraine.