bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manifestações oculares de doenças sistêmicas: uveítes, Oftalmopatia de Graves e Síndrome de Sjögren
Authors: Furtado João M. , Oliveira Italo Pena de , Vieira Barbara Regina , Marcusso Barbara Maria Guedes , Farias Juliana Maia , Pelinson Anna Flora Teixeira Soto , Cunha Bárbara Salomão de Almeida , Oliveira Fabíola Reis , Cruz Antônio Augusto Velasco , Rocha Eduardo Melani
Published: September 2022

A oftalmologia é considerada uma área especializada dentro da medicina. As manifestações oculares de doenças sistêmicas permitem a interação com outras especialidades, como reumatologia, endocrinologia, infectologia, pediatria e neurologia. Diminuição da acuidade visual, dor e hiperemia ocular, ou sensação de olho seco podem ser a primeira manifestação de doenças sistêmicas, e por isso a anamnese pode nos dar pistas de doenças não diagnosticadas. O exame de fundo de olho, exibe os vasos sanguíneos de maneira não invasiva, e alterações detectadas também podem estar presente em outras estruturas, como rins, cérebro e coração. Neste artigo, detalhamos as principais doenças sistêmicas que acometem os olhos, e suas manifestações mais comuns.
Assessment of Cardiac, Vascular, and Pulmonary Pathobiology In Vivo During Acute COVID‐19
Authors: Alam Shirjel R. , Vinayak Sudhir , Shah Adeel , Doolub Gemina , Kimeu Redemptar , Horn Kevin P. , Bowen Stephen R. , Jeilan Mohamed , Lee Kuan Ken , Gachoka Sylvia , Riunga Felix , Adam Rodney D. , Vesselle Hubert , Joshi Nikhil , Obino Mariah , Makhdomi Khalid , Ombati Kevin , Nganga Edward , Gitau Samuel , Chung Michael H. , Shah Anoop S. V.
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute COVID‐19–related myocardial, pulmonary, and vascular pathology and how these relate to each other remain unclear. To our knowledge, no studies have used complementary imaging techniques, including molecular imaging, to elucidate this. We used multimodality imaging and biochemical sampling in vivo to identify the pathobiology of acute COVID‐19. Specifically, we investigated the presence of myocardial inflammation and its association with coronary artery disease, systemic vasculitis, and pneumonitis.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients presenting with acute COVID‐19 were prospectively recruited during hospital admission in this cross‐sectional study. Imaging involved computed tomography coronary angiography (identified coronary disease), cardiac 2‐deoxy‐2‐[fluorine‐18]fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (identified vascular, cardiac, and pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration), and cardiac magnetic resonance (identified myocardial disease) alongside biomarker sampling. Of 33 patients (median age 51 years, 94% men), 24 (73%) had respiratory symptoms, with the remainder having nonspecific viral symptoms. A total of 9 patients (35%, n=9/25) had cardiac magnetic resonance–defined myocarditis. Of these patients, 53% (n=5/8) had myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. A total of 2 patients (5%) had elevated troponin levels. Cardiac troponin concentrations were not significantly higher in patients with and without myocarditis (8.4 ng/L [interquartile range, IQR: 4.0–55.3] versus 3.5 ng/L [IQR: 2.5–5.5];
P
=0.07) or myocardial cell infiltration (4.4 ng/L [IQR: 3.4–8.3] versus 3.5 ng/L [IQR: 2.8–7.2];
P
=0.89). No patients had obstructive coronary artery disease or vasculitis. Pulmonary inflammation and consolidation (percentage of total lung volume) was 17% (IQR: 5%–31%) and 11% (IQR: 7%–18%), respectively. Neither were associated with the presence of myocarditis.

Conclusions

Myocarditis was present in a third patients with acute COVID‐19, and the majority had inflammatory cell infiltration. Pneumonitis was ubiquitous, but this inflammation was not associated with myocarditis. The mechanism of cardiac pathology is nonischemic and not attributable to a vasculitic process.

Registration

URL:
https://www.isrctn.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN12154994.
The Relationship between FFMQ Mindfulness and Harmony in Life among Patients with Celiac Disease
Authors: Ecer Emrullah
Published: September 2022

Background. Patients with Celiac Disease (CD) experience psychological disorders and emotion-regulation disruptions. Although following a gluten-free diet alleviates their symptoms, these patients report social relationship problems. Objective. The first aim of this study was to analyze the level of FFMQ mindfulness (describing emotions, acting with awareness, observing, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience) and harmony in life (HiL) in patients with CD. The second goal was to examine the relationship between the FFMQ and HiL scales in patients with CD. The third was to detect the effects of the duration of the illness, education level, and employment status on FFMQ-measured mindfulness and HiL. Design. The study involved 111 Turkish patients with CD (N Females = 75, 67.6%) living in Turkey. The patients filled out the FFMQ and HiL questionnaires via a google form survey. The duration of their diagnosis, age, employment status, and education level were nominal variables. A Pearsons’ correlation test, independent ttest, multiple linear regression, and one-way ANOVA were implemented. Results. The results showed that patients with CD had a low level of HiL. The total FFMQ score was positively related to the HiL scale. Education and duration of diagnosis had a significant impact on the FFMQ and HiL scores. Age affected the level of describing emotions, and employment status had a strong effect on acting with awareness. However, gender affected neither the FFMQ nor HiL levels. Conclusion. The results showed that patients with CD expressed a low level of HiL. Non-reactivity to inner experience, observing, and acting with awareness were positive predictors of the HiL scores. Moreover, since the HiL and FFMQ scales showed high internal consistency, the FFMQ and HiL questionnaires can be used in further studies of patients with CD.
The Role of Valence and Uniqueness of Emotions in the Context of Infrahumanization Theory
Authors: Terskova Maria A. , Agadullina Elena R.
Published: September 2022

Background. Infrahumanization is a result of group comparison when the ingroup is considered as fully human in comparison to an outgroup that is viewed as lacking humanness and similar to animals. Infrahumanization theory proposed that the attribution of emotions to ingroups and outgroups is based on their uniqueness, regardless of the valence of these emotions. Since the valence of information plays an important role in its processing and perception, it was decided to clarify the role of uniqueness and valence. Objective. This article aims to explore the role of valence and uniqueness in the perception of emotions within the framework of the infrahumanization theory. Design. Three studies were conducted. A preliminary study selected emotions with extreme values for uniqueness and valence to create a list for measuring infrahumanization for the Russian socio-cultural context. In Study 1, we tested three alternative models of perception of emotions’ uniqueness and valence. In Study 2, we replicate the results from Study 1 and check the robustness of the models obtained. Results. In a preliminary study (N = 146), twelve emotions with different levels of uniqueness and valence were selected for the Russian sociocultural context. CFA was used for testing the models in Studies 1 and 2. The results of Study 1 (N = 243) demonstrated the role of valence and uniqueness in the perception of emotions. Study 2 (N = 482) confirmed the results obtained in Study 1. Conclusion. For the first time, the infrahumanization measure was adapted to the Russian socio-cultural context. Infrahumanization research should control valence for a qualitative discussion of the results.
A Hebrew Letter on Papyrus and Its Contexts: Oxford MS Heb.d.69(P)
Authors: Gvaryahu Amit
Published: September 2022

This article is a new reading of a Hebrew letter, Oxford MS Heb.d.69(P), written on papyrus and dated tentatively by scholars to the 6th century. The article begins with a new edition of the letter, first published in 1903, its first translation into English, a discussion of its language and epistolary conventions, including layout, script, and formulary. In the letter, written by the scribe Isi, the lender Lazar describes to Jacob the borrower the history of their contract, and the former’s attempts to collect, and demands payment. I discuss the currency mentioned in this description, the terms of the loan, and the rate of interest it reflects. The article ends with a discussion of the broader usefulness of this letter for the economic and social history of Jewish provincials in Byzantine Egypt.
Codex Hammurabi 49–52 and the esip-tabal Contracts from Susa
Authors: Badamchi Hossein , Pfeifer Guido
Published: September 2022

The so-called esip-tabal contract is a particular type of agricultural transaction known from Codex Hammurabi and the Akkadian legal texts found in Susa. The Akkadian phrase esip-tabal is a statement made by the owner of the field to the other party, which is commonly understood to be a tenant. Modern scholarship first interpreted this contract as a lease. Later it was considered an antichretic loan, a loan in which the creditor takes over the debtor’s agricultural land as security. However, the place of this contract in the long-term history of law is still unknown and scholars have not made any analogies from other legal cultures. Using the methodology of comparative legal history, and drawing especially on Islamic law, this essay offers a new interpretation of the esip-tabal contract as a sale of future crops. The essay then discusses the rationale behind the contract and its possible continuity into later periods.
Divorce from Missing Husbands: Rizaeddin Fakhreddin and Reform Within Islamic Tradition in Imperial Russia
Authors: Garipova Rozaliya
Published: September 2022

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century,1 Muslim communities in different parts of the world faced a common problem—women’s inability to obtain divorce after their husbands went missing. These women, deprived of provision (nafaqa), could neither sustain themselves financially nor remarry. In response to this situation, Muslim scholars, in their respective communities (Egypt, Ottoman Syria, British India and the Russian empire), produced legal decisions (fatwas) to facilitate women’s divorce. This paper focuses on the responses of Russia’s Islamic scholars to this problem which were collected and published by a prominent religious scholar of the Volga-Urals, Rizaeddin Fakhreddin. Among Volga-Ural Muslims, this problem was entangled with the question of religious authority under Russian imperial rule. I argue that since Russia’s legal pluralism and institutionalization of the ‘ulama under the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly were the main reasons behind the inability to solve the problem of women’s divorce from missing husbands, Fakhreddin initiated this collective deliberation as a preliminary attempt to resolve a legal issue through the consensus (ijmā‘) of legal experts within the framework of the OA. Finding a solution to the problem faced by the wives of missing husbands was inseparable from the question of the transformation of Islamic religious authority under imperial rule.
Why do males stay in biparental burying beetles?
Authors: Trumbo Stephen T.
Published: September 2022

Biparental associations are rare in most taxa. A second parent should stay with its current brood only to enhance brood fitness or to increase its own future breeding opportunities. I compared the breeding performance of Nicrophorus defodiens pairs and single females while confronting a conspecific male intruder. Pairs fared better than single females in defending a brood, and age had a strong effect on contest outcomes even though defenders and intruders were of the same age. Pairs also produced larger broods than single females, but only on larger carcasses. The results and a review of prior studies suggest that the benefits for a male that stays with a partner during the post-hatch period, whether gains from offspring success or protecting mating opportunities, are observed primarily in the context of intruder pressure, and that paternal care such as regurgitations to young and nest maintenance would not have evolved in a rival-free world.
„Wie alles sein wird“
Authors: Schoeps Julius H.
Published: September 2022

This article deals with the essay „How everything will be“ („Wie alles sein wird“), written in the spring of 1943 by the scholar Hans-Joachim Schoeps in exile in Sweden. This is an annotated publication of the entire manuscript, in which the Jewish refugee and intellectual imagines how he might experience his post-war return to his native Germany.
„Teuflische Verführer“ oder „verdammte Häretiker“?
Authors: Bracha Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

Nicholas Magni of Jawor (de Jawor/Jauer, von Heidelberg) (1355–1435), a Silesian professor of theology, preacher, and diplomat, was one of the most interesting figures of the first generation of scholars from the University of Heidelberg. Of all his output, it is the treatise De superstitionibus that has attracted the greatest attention so far, while his less known anti-Hussite writings have long been only a research postulate. The work of Jiří Petrášek is, therefore, a long-awaited analysis of the insufficiently recognized writing by Nicholas Magni: Contra epistolam perfidiae Hussitarum, which is a response to the Taborite Manifesto from 1430. In his work, Petrášek draws new conclusions: regarding Nicolas Magni’s views on indulgences, the author points to the borrowings from Henry of Langenstein, and he does not share the earlier statement of Franz X. Bantle about the originality of the Heidelbergian theologian’s views on indulgences and their essence confined to the notion of “communication”. Thus, we receive a work that verifies the previous findings on the anti-Hussite views of Nicholas Magni, and which thoroughly introduces us into the less known areas of the 15th century Catholic anti-Hussite polemics.
International Exhibitions, Literary Capitalism, and the Emergence of Comparative Literature
Authors: T. Szabó Levente
Published: September 2022

The invention of international fairs in the 19th century revolutionized both nationalism and modern thinking on global relationships since they showcased but also contested and negotiated national, imperial, and global identities. From the Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace to the 1900 Paris Exposition, the international fairs / expositions universelles were landmarks of histoire croisée of nationalism, global thinking, and capitalism. Even though they seem to be showcasing industrial progress, they also created a completely new frame for the self-fashioning, vindication, and negotiation of national arts and literatures, interpreted in a global setting and in capitalist terms. I propose to explore the pattern and experience of the 19th-century international fair / exposition universelle as an important frame for the emerging modern transnational literary scene, fueling major debates on the nature of nationalism, cosmopolitanism, and capitalism.
Escaping Prestige
Authors: Cheuk Michael Ka-chi
Published: September 2022

A year after receiving the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature, Gao Xingjian, who had been exiled from China in 1987, remarked that he had to embark on a “second escape” from the “public’s halo, flowers, prizes, and crown.” In this paper, I argue that Gao’s “second escape” is not a literal rejection of fame, but rather the situating of the monumentalizing effects of the Nobel’s prestige as a subject of his transmedial reflection. In his first major post-Nobel project – l’année Gao (The Year of Gao, 2003–2005), Gao portrays death in five different expressions (paintings, poetry, theatre, opera, and cinema) that echo and respond to each other, thereby presenting a coherent attempt to restore his sense of fragility and autonomy as a Nobel laureate.
A New World Literature Canon
Authors: Holgate Ben
Published: September 2022

Scholarly debate about world literature often relegates non-fiction as secondary to fiction. This article argues that non-fiction is as important as fiction, and uses the Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award as a case study. Although the FT award focuses on business, it has a wider cultural impact influencing academia, global media, and literature. After seventeen years, the award’s consistent quality of longlisted books has created a canon that has genuine literary value. My analysis of the award demonstrates that the finalists and winners have been concentrated in terms of author’s country of work, author’s profession, and primary subject. This concentration can be partly explained by the dominance of the US in the publishing of business books as well as by the mechanics of the award’s selection process. The FT award also prompts a discussion about the merits of a literary award that embraces both fiction and non-fiction.
La poesia degli eruditi e la competizione per l’autorità intellettuale e letteraria nel periodo mamelucco
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Nasser Ahmed
Published: September 2022

This article aims to investigate the compositional “obsession” manifested by scholars of the Mamluk period and to bring back this phenomenon to a wider and more remote context of competition for the control of cultural and intellectual authority. We will also try to demonstrate how poetic ability constituted an important personal and professional requirement for contemporary ʿulamāʾ as an indispensable “medium of sociability” and a means of affirmation and social inclusion.
(Failed) Reform of the Arabic-Persian Alphabet and Literary Considerations in Tâlebof’s Ketâb-e Ahmad and Masâleko’l-mohsenin
Authors: Tornesello Natalia L.
Published: September 2022

Since the second half of the 19th century, proposals for modification of the Arabic-Persian alphabet have been the focus of debates among intellectuals and writers. Discussions have also extended to the more literary sphere, where the subject was addressed in works such as Tâlebof’s Ketâb-e Ahmad and Masâlekoʾl-mohsenin. The present article illustrates the first attempts to reform the script, by Âkhundzâde and Malkom Khân, then examines and translates passages on the subject from two significant works by Tâlebof.
Fund-raising: The Methods used in the Early Church compared with those used in English Churches Today
Authors: Norrington David C.
Published: September 2022

First, this article provides a description of methods of collecting alms used by Jesus, Paul and the early church up to the fourth century AD, together with an analysis of the biblical principles involved.

Second, there is a critical discussion of collecting money in England today, using the collection plate as a typical example of current practice. This is examined in the light of biblical principles and found wanting. Current methods, like the collection plate, bring the church and the gospel into disrepute. The time has come for the church to rethink its methods of collecting money.
Ecological Concern in Paul's Theology
Authors: Kanagaraj Jey J.
Published: September 2022

God, for Paul, has so ordered the eco-system that it should provide all the necessities for human life. Creation is the sphere in which God is revealing his beauty, the beauty of Christ in, through and for whom everything was created. Therefore anyone who destroys the environment spoils the beauty of God and hinders his self-communication to humankind. Paul’s major doctrines–creation, redemption, and consummation–show beyond doubt that human beings and nature are intimately linked as one family. In Christ this relationship is clearly affirmed, for in him God chooses and redeems his people. Therefore Christians have a greater responsibility to maintain ecological health on earth. By emphasizing what is called the ‘ecological economy’, Paul condemns the consumer attitude of the rich in churches. Such ecological concerns of Paul prompt today’s Church to combat in her mission the current ecological crisis.
Patristic Views on Hell -Part 2
Authors: Keith Graham
Published: September 2022

In his approach to the doctrine of Hell Augustine was influenced in part by a desire to address pagan doubts about the scientific possibility of a body being in a state of everlasting torment. But an even greater concern was prompted by various pleas within the church to tone down the Scriptural evidence for an eternal Hell. Augustine believed that if any of these pleas were accepted, dire pastoral consequences would be involved.

Alongside his response to the various critiques of Hell, Augustine laid much stress on the seriousness of Adam’s original sin. He also rejected the Platonist view, effectively endorsed by Origen, that all divine punishments are essentially corrective. Augustine felt no need to give a detailed rationale for God's justice, which he saw as a datum of revelation and a matter of faith for the believer. It was, however, a weakness in Augustine (and the patristic period generally) that he was content to work with a model of divine anger which stripped it of any passionate element. This foreclosed the possibility of tying God’s wrath more closely to the outworking of God’s justice.
A Critique of the ‘Novel’ Contemporary Interpretation of 1Timothy2:9–15 Given in the Book, Women in the Church. Part II.
Authors: Giles Kevin
Published: September 2022

In this second part of a two-part article the author offers a critique of the influential book Women in the Church: A Fresh Analysis of 1 Timothy 2:9–15 and proposes that the arguments from the creation orders and 1he ‘role’ of women and the use of language are different from those of the historic position and are unsound. He maintains that evangelical theology must be based on biblical teaching and theology as a whole rather than on proof-texts interpreted without proper reference to their context in a specific cultural situation. On this basis he outlines an alternative interpretation of the key passage.
Hope under Judgement: The Prophets of the Eighth Century BCE
Authors: Williamson H. G. M.
Published: September 2022

At first sight, there seems to be a conflict between modern perceptions of the eighth-century prophets as those who announced judgement and later perceptions of them (for instance, in the New Testament) as those who announced salvation. This article seeks to develop and influential discussion of this problem by R. E. Clements. In particular, it is argued that the expressions of hope in Isaiah, Amos and Hosea have not been added in an arbitrary fashion, but rather draw out the implications of taking the word of judgement seriously. The redactional and literary links between these passages and the bulk of the books in which they stand provide an important clue for both historical and theological interpretation.
John Gill and Puritan Eschatology
Authors: Gribben Crawford
Published: September 2022

In evangelical scholarship, John Gill has recently gained prominence for his relationship to the ‘hyper-Calvinism’ that was developing throughout eighteenth-century English nonconformity. The attention which has been given to this aspect of his thought has, however, eclipsed a wider appreciation of his legacy. Standing between the radical baptists of the seventeenth century and the mainstream dissent of the Victorian age, Gill is shown to have a crucial place in the development of a native millenarian tradition.
Aristolochia rethyae, a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India
Authors: KASHUNG SOYALA , GAJUREL PADMA RAJ , SINGH BINAY , BARMAN RIMI , YAKANG TAGE
Published: September 2022

Aristolochia rethyae, a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India, is described. Aristolochia rethyae is affinis to A. griffithii and A. tanzawana with similar leaf texture and shallowly 3-lobed perianth limb, but differs from A. griffithii in its ovate to narrowly ovate leaf shape, cauliflorous flower borne in a cluster and densely hirsute brown capsule, and from A. tanzawana in their cauliflorous inflorescence, S-shaped perianth and capsule size with distinct wavy ridges.
Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/geographical records
Authors: RATHNAYAKA ACHALA R. , THILINI CHETHANA K.W. , PHILLIPS ALAN J.L. , JONES E.B. GARETH
Published: September 2022

Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales, consisting of 22 genera. The family is worldwide in distribution and occurs on a wide variety of plant hosts. Botryosphaeriaceae includes endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with canker and die-back diseases, most common on woody plants. The present study establishes two novel species of Dothiorella and new host and geographical records for species of Botryosphaeria, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia, and Sphaeropsis. Taxa were identified based on morphology coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α and β-tub sequences. The taxa are described and illustrated.
Two new Neotropical taxa of Radula Dumort. (Marchantiophyta: Radulaceae) with bordered leaves
Authors: OLIVEIRA-DA-SILVA FÚVIO RUBENS , ILKIU-BORGES ANNA LUIZA , GRADSTEIN S. ROBBERT
Published: September 2022

Radula pallens var. marginata and R. smithii (subg. Volutoradula) are newly described from montane forests of Venezuela and Peru, respectively. Both taxa stand out by the presence of bordered leaf lobes. The new variety differs from R. pallens var. pallens in its narrow leaf border of one row of colorless cells with bulging trigones, while R. smithii stands out by a broad, 3‒5 cell rows wide, reddish-brown border made up of evenly thick-walled cells. A broad, pigmented leaf border of evenly thick-walled cells is also found in R. ligula from Brazil and Argentina, and in R. marginata (subg. Amentuloradula), from New Zealand, but the latter two species have very different lobules and stem anatomy. A full description and illustration of the two new taxa as well as comments on morphology, taxonomy and distribution are provided.
Taxonomy of European Damaeidae (Acari, Oribatida) XI. European species of the genus Piribelba Miko 2021: redescriptions of P. rossica (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957) and P. piriformis (Mihelčič, 1964) using morphology and DNA sequence data
Authors: MIKO LADISLAV , KOLESNIKOV VASILIY B. , ERMILOV SERGEY G. , KLIMOV PAVEL B.
Published: September 2022

Two closely related species of the genus Piribelba (Oribatida, Damaeidae) are redescribed based on morphology of adults and developmental instars. Redescription of P. rossica (Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957) is based on specimens collected in Russia, including specimens identified by Bulanova-Zachvatkina; redescription of P. piriformis (Mihelčič, 1964) is based on specimens collected in Europe, including Mihelčič’s types. COX1 sequence barcoding of P. piriformis and P. rossica indicated that they are distinct species, having 12.0% uncorrected p-distances and 13.3% Kimura two-parameter distances (K2P). Based on the morphological and genetical differences, the synonymy of P. rossica and P. piriformis is rejected. A key to known species of Piribelba is provided.
Description of Oromurcia magadanensis sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetidae) from Russia, with remarks on biogeography of the genus Oromurcia Thor, 1930
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G. , MAKAROVA OLGA L. , BEHAN-PELLETIER VALERIE M.
Published: September 2022

Species of the genus Oromurcia Thor, 1930 (Oribatida, Ceratozetidae) mainly have an arctic or alpine distribution in the Western Palaearctic region and Greenland. We describe a new species of Oromurcia from Northeast Asia (Magadan Region, Russia) based on adult and juvenile instars. Numerous populations of Oromurcia magadanensis sp. nov. were found under arctic-alpine plants in a narrow stream gully with large snow accumulation on the Ola Plateau (1023 m a.s.l.). Adults of Oromurcia magadanensis sp. nov. differ from those of Oromurcia bicuspidata and O. sudetica by their smaller size, the presence of clavate, distally broadly rounded bothridial seta, tutorium with several teeth distally, and the absence of striations on the lamella. Juvenile instars of the new species differ from those of O. bicuspidata and O. sudetica by the presence of medium-sized gastronotic setae in the larva, and long lateral and posterior gastronotic setae in nymphs. We compare adult and juveniles of Oromurcia magadanensis sp. nov. with those of other members of the ceratozetid subfamily Trichoribatinae Shaldybina, 1966 from arctic or alpine regions, for which ontogeny is known, and provide revised diagnoses for adult and juvenile members of Trichoribatinae. All Oromurcia species are associated with cold wet places (periglacial habitats, bogs and fens, alpine meadows, snowbeds, and, less frequently, montane coniferous forests) in Eastern and Western Palaearctic, but they are absent from High Arctic and Siberian regions that are ultra-cold in winter. This spatial disjunction argues for a former Trans-Palaearctic range that was possibly subdivided by reсurrent cryo-arid Pleistocene episodes.
Morphological ontogeny of Phauloppia nemoralis (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatulidae), with comments on Phauloppia Berlese
Authors: SENICZAK ANNA , SENICZAK STANISŁAW
Published: September 2022

The morphological ontogeny of Phauloppia nemoralis (Berlese, 1916) is described and illustrated. The adult of this species is most similar to Ph. incomperta (Pérez-Íñigo et Peña, 1996), but differs from it mainly by the shape of bothridial seta, porose areas Aa and A1, and location of porose area A1 and seta ad3. In the juveniles of Ph. nemoralis, the prodorsal setae ro, le and in are of medium size or long, ex is short, and the bothridial seta is of medium size and clavate, with barbed head. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, the nymphs have 14 pairs; all are of medium size and barbed. In this species, the basal excentrosclerites occur, at setae c2, h1 and l-series in the larva, and c2, p1 and l- and h-series in the nymphs. In all nymphs, solenidion ω2 on tarsus I is longer and thinner than ω1, and seta ft'' is relatively long and located posterior to solenidion ω2.
The Maritime Continent Barrier Effect on the MJO Teleconnections during the Boreal Winter Seasons in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zhou Yihao , Wang Shuguang , Fang Juan , Yang Da
Published: September 2022

The Maritime Continent disrupts eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). This study surveys the impact of the disruption—often known as the barrier effect—on the MJO teleconnections. The MJO propagation may be broadly categorized based on whether the MJO precipitation crosses the Maritime Continent (MC) during extended boreal winter seasons: successfully propagating across the MC (MJO-C) or being blocked by the MC (MJO-B). Compositing atmospheric circulation upon these two categories reveals that precipitation anomalies of MJO-C are stronger and more coherent than those of MJO-B, while their phase speed and lifetime are comparable. MJO-C and MJO-B excite distinct extratropical responses due to their diabatic heating in the deep tropics. Midlatitude circulation displays stronger and long-lasting negative geopotential anomalies in the northern Pacific Ocean 5–14 days after phase 7–8 of MJO-C, but significantly weaker anomalies from MJO-B. The extratropical water vapor transport during MJO-B and MJO-C differs markedly after phase 2. The Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) both show significant response after phase 6 of MJO-C as its precipitation anomaly over the tropical Pacific during this period is stronger, while MJO-B has little impact on both. Surface air temperatures (SAT) at high latitudes during MJO-B and MJO-C are also significantly different. SAT is weaker and delayed in MJO-B in comparison to MJO-C, likely due to different meridional eddy heat fluxes.
The Andes Affect ENSO Statistics
Authors: Xu Weixuan , Lee Jung-Eun , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Planton Yann , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Current coupled global climate models have biases in their simulations of the tropical Pacific mean-state conditions as well as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Specifically, in the Community Earth System Model (CESM version 1.2.2), the tropical Pacific mean state has overly weak sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in both the zonal and meridional directions, ENSO is too strong and too regular, and El Niño and La Niña events are too symmetrical. A previous study with a slab-ocean model showed that a higher elevation of the Andes can improve the tropical Pacific mean-state simulation by adjusting the atmospheric circulation and increasing the east–west and north–south SST gradients. Motivated by the link between the mean tropical Pacific climate and ENSO variations shown in previous studies, here we explored the influence of the Andes on the simulation of ENSO using the CESM 1.2.2 under full atmosphere–ocean coupling. In addition to improving the simulated tropical Pacific mean state by increasing the strength of the surface easterly and cross-equatorial southerly winds, the Higher Andes experiment decreases the amplitude of ENSO, increases the phase asymmetry, and makes ENSO events less regular, resulting in a simulated ENSO that is more consistent with observations. The weaker ENSO cycle is related to stronger damping in the Higher Andes experiment according to an analysis of the Bjerknes index. Our overall results suggest that increasing the height of the Andes reduces biases in the mean state and improves the representation of ENSO in the tropical Pacific.
Generation of Extreme Precipitation over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Associated with TC Rashmi (2008)
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Ying , Zhang Da-Lin
Published: September 2022

In this study, the development of an extreme precipitation event along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) by the approach of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Rashmi (2008) from the Bay of Bengal is examined using a global reanalysis and all available observations. Results show the importance of an anomalous southerly flow, resulting from the merging of Rashmi into a meridionally deep trough at the western periphery of a subtropical high, in steering the storm and transporting tropical warm–moist air, thereby supplying necessary moisture for precipitation production over the TP. A mesoscale data analysis reveals that (i) the Rashmi vortex maintained its TC identity during its northward movement in the warm sector with weak-gradient flows; (ii) the extreme precipitation event occurred under potentially stable conditions; (iii) topographical uplifting of the southerly warm–moist air, enhanced by the approaching vortex with some degree of slantwise instability, led to the development of heavy to extreme precipitation along the southeastern margin of the TP; and (iv) the most influential uplifting of the intense vortex flows carrying ample moisture over steep topography favored the generation of the record-breaking daily snowfall of 98 mm (in water depth), and daily precipitation of 87 mm with rain–snow–rain changeovers at two high-elevation stations, respectively. The extreme precipitation and phase changeovers could be uncovered by an unusual upper-air sounding that shows a profound saturated layer from the surface to upper troposphere with a moist adiabatic upper 100-hPa layer and a bottom 100-hPa melting layer. The results appear to have important implications to the forecast of TC-related heavy precipitation over high mountains.

Significance Statement

This study attempts to gain insight into the multiscale dynamical processes leading to the development of an extreme precipitation event over the southeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau as a Bay of Bengal tropical cyclone (TC) approached. Results show (i) the importance of an anomalous southerly flow with a wide zonal span in steering the relatively large-sized TC and transporting necessary moisture into the region; and (ii) the subsequent uplifting of the warm and moist TC vortex by steep topography, producing the extreme precipitation event under potentially stable conditions, especially the record-breaking daily snowfall of 98 mm (in water depth). The results have important implications to the forecast of TC-related heavy precipitation over the Tibet Plateau and other high mountainous regions.
The Health and Health Needs of People under Community Supervision
Authors: Hawks Laura C. , Horton Nadine , Wang Emily A.
Published: September 2022

Americans under community supervision experience high rates of chronic disease, mental illness, and substance use disorders but have poor access to high-quality preventive care and treatment. Pervasive barriers to healthcare and health insurance reinforce poor health, as do restrictions to evidence-based addiction treatment. We propose that community supervision agencies transfer management of the health of supervised individuals to an expanded community-based healthcare system and that they abandon practices at odds with the science of addiction medicine (e.g. prohibitions on medications to treat addiction, and revocation of community release for addiction relapse). Further, we argue that correctional systems should prioritize health of those under supervision by standardizing health-related protocols, including basic needs resources in discharge planning, and leveraging the skills of individuals with lived experiences in the correctional system. If implemented, the success of our recommendations would require expansion of community-based primary care, mental health, and addiction treatment centers.
Paying a Debt to Society: Expunging Criminal Records as a Pathway to Increased Employment
Authors: Crampton Hakim Nathaniel
Published: September 2022

The American criminal justice system was built upon the premise of holding its citizens accountable for violations of law and upon being adjudicated and after having paid their prescribed punishment by a Court of Law, such citizens would be recognized as having “paid their debt” to society. However historical precedent has shown that very little of that premise has been practised. Instead citizens deemed felons of the law are perpetually punished by a series of lifetime collateral consequences, translating into an almost bar on access to employment and housing and other public rights. Expungement, or setting aside those convictions for people who’ve “paid their debt to society” is a clear pathway to increased access to employment for persons with a criminal record.
Event-triggered control with waiting time based on state observer for switched linear systems
Authors: Wang Haixia , Wang Yue-E , Wu Di
Published: September 2022

This paper concentrates on the state observer–based event-triggered control problem for a class of switched linear systems with external disturbance and transmission delay. It is assumed that the controller can only access the transmitted information of the state observer at each delayed event-triggered instant with a waiting time. First, by adopting the multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method, some sufficient conditions are derived for the establishment of the state observer, the input-to-state stability (ISS) and the globally uniformly exponential stability (GUES) of the switched linear systems under adjacent mode-dependent average dwell time (AMDADT) scheme. Then, we propose a state observer-based event-triggered sampling mechanism with waiting time and design an observer-based state feedback controller for the considered switched systems. Under the proposed event-triggered mechanism, the Zeno behavior can be easily excluded in all sampling processes. Finally, a numerical example is included to validate the proposed theory.
Point/counterpoint: We should not take the direction of blood pressure change into consideration for dynamic cerebral autoregulation quantification
Authors: Kostoglou Kyriaki , Simpson David M , Payne Stephen J
Published: September 2022

Over the past years, a wide range of studies have provided evidence of asymmetry in the response of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) during increasing and decreasing pressure challenges. The main message is that CA is stronger during transient increases of arterial blood pressure rather than decreases. Here we do not argue against the presence of CA asymmetry but we seek to raise questions regarding the measurement of the effect and whether this effect needs to be taken into account, especially in clinical settings.
Integration of multi-omics data reveals cis-regulatory variants that are associated with phenotypic differentiation of eastern from western pigs
Authors: Liu Yuwen , Fu Yang , Yang Yalan , Yi Guoqiang , Lian Jinmin , Xie Bingkun , Yao Yilong , Chen Muya , Niu Yongchao , Liu Lei , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Yongsheng , Fan Xinhao , Tang Yijie , Yuan Pengxiang , Zhu Min , Li Qiaowei , Zhang Song , Chen Yun , Wang Binhu , He Jieyu , Lu Dan , Liachko Ivan , Sullivan Shawn T. , Pang Bin , Chen Yaoqing , He Xin , Li Kui , Tang Zhonglin
Published: September 2022

Background

The genetic mechanisms that underlie phenotypic differentiation in breeding animals have important implications in evolutionary biology and agriculture. However, the contribution of cis-regulatory variants to pig phenotypes is poorly understood. Therefore, our aim was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which non-coding variants cause phenotypic differences in pigs by combining evolutionary biology analyses and functional genomics.

Results

We obtained a high-resolution phased chromosome-scale reference genome with a contig N50 of 18.03 Mb for the Luchuan pig breed (a representative eastern breed) and profiled potential selective sweeps in eastern and western pigs by resequencing the genomes of 234 pigs. Multi-tissue transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analyses of these regions suggest that tissue-specific selection pressure is mediated by promoters and distal cis-regulatory elements. Promoter variants that are associated with increased expression of the lysozyme (LYZ) gene in the small intestine might enhance the immunity of the gastrointestinal tract and roughage tolerance in pigs. In skeletal muscle, an enhancer-modulating single-nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with up-regulation of the expression of the troponin C1, slow skeletal and cardiac type (TNNC1) gene might increase the proportion of slow muscle fibers and affect meat quality.

Conclusions

Our work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms by which non-coding variants shape phenotypic differences in pigs and provides valuable resources and novel perspectives to dissect the role of gene regulatory evolution in animal domestication and breeding.
Reversing BCG-mediated autophagy inhibition and mycobacterial survival to improve vaccine efficacy
Authors: Gonzalez-Orozco Maria , Strong Emily J. , Paroha Ruchi , Lee Sunhee
Published: September 2022

Background

Autophagy is an important mechanism for promoting Mycobacterium clearance from macrophages. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacterium can activate the mTOR pathway while simultaneously inducing autophagy. M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG inhibit autophagy and favor intracellular bacteria survival.

Results

We observed that pre-infection of live or heat-killed BCG could prevent autophagy induced by pharmacological activators or M. smegmatis, a strong autophagy-inducing mycobacterium. BCG-derived lipids are responsible for autophagy inhibition. However, post-infection with BCG could not stop the autophagy initiated by M. smegmatis, which increases further autophagy induction and mycobacteria clearance. Coinfection with BCG and heat killed M. smegmatis enhanced antigen specific CD4+ T cell responses and reduced mycobacterial survival.

Conclusion

These results suggest that autophagy-inducing M. smegmatis could be used to promote better innate and consequential adaptive immune responses, improving BCG vaccine efficacy.
Coordination of leaf functional traits under climatic warming in an arid ecosystem
Authors: Yu Hongying , Chen Yingting , Zhou Guangsheng , Xu Zhenzhu
Published: September 2022

Background

Climatic warming is increasing regionally and globally, and results concerning warming and its consequent drought impacts have been reported extensively. However, due to a lack of quantitative analysis of warming severities, it is still unclear how warming and warming-induced drought influence leaf functional traits, particularly how the traits coordinate with each other to cope with climatic change. To address these uncertainties, we performed a field experiment with ambient, moderate and severe warming regimes in an arid ecosystem over 4 years.

Results

Severe warming significantly reduced the specific leaf area and net photosynthetic rate with a relatively stable change and even enhancement under moderate warming, especially showing species-specific performance. The current results largely indicate that a coordinated trade-off can exist between plant functional traits in plant communities in a dryland ecosystem under ambient temperature conditions, which is strongly amplified by moderate warming but diminished or even eliminated by severe warming. Based on the present findings and recent results in the relevant literature, we advance the ecological conceptual models (e.g., LES and CSR) in the response to climatic warming in arid grassland communities, where the few key species play a crucial role by balancing their functional performances to cope with environmental change.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the importance of coordination and/or trade-off between leaf functional traits for understanding patterns of climatic change-induced vegetation degradation and suggest that the plant community composition in these drylands could be shifted under future climate change.
Prediction of microvascular obstruction by coronary artery angiography score after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Li Ziwen , Yin Hongbin , Wang Dehua , Zhang Yayun , Feng Yongli , Zhou Yi , Zhou Ying
Published: September 2022

Background

Some coronary artery angiography (CAG) scores are associated with the no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, quality evidence regarding the association between the CAG scores and microvascular injury is still needed. Our study aimed to validate the ability of the CAG scores in predicting microvascular obstruction (MVO) detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.

Methods

From October 2020 to October 2021, 141 consecutive patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI and CMR were retrospectively reviewed. CMR imaging was performed between 3 and 7 days after PCI. The patients were divided into MVO and non-MVO group based on the CMR results. Three CAG scores (SYNTAX score, SYNTAX II score and Gensini score) were used to assess the severity of coronary artery atherosclerotic burden.

Results

A total of 122 patients were included (mean age 60.6 ± 12.8 years). MVO occurred in 51 patients (41.8%). Patients with MVO had higher SYNTAX scores, SYNTAX II scores and Gensini scores than those without MVO (all p < 0.001). The Gensini score (r = 0.567, p < 0.001) showed the strongest correlation with infarction size than SYNTAX score (r = 0.521, p < 0.001) and SYNTAX II score (r = 0.509, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of SYNTAX score, SYNTAX II score and Gensini score for predicting MVO patients were 0.726, 0.774 and 0.807. In multivariable regression analysis, peak troponin I (odd ratio [OR] = 1.236, p = 0.001) and SYNTAX II score (OR = 11.636, p = 0.010) were identified as independent predictors of MVO.

Conclusions

In patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI treatment, the peak troponin I and SYNTAX II score may be an independent predictor of MVO.