bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly non‐linear and wide‐band mmWave active array OTA linearisation using neural network
Authors: Jalili Feridoon , Zhang Yufeng , Hintsala Markku , Jensen Ole Kiel , Chen Qingyue , Shen Ming , Pedersen Gert Frølund
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a neural network (NN)‐based over‐the‐air (OTA) linearisation technique for a highly non‐linear and wide‐band mmWave active phased array (APA) transmitter and compares it with the conventional memory polynomial model (MPM)‐based technique. The proposed NN effectively learns the distinctive non‐linear distortions, which may not easily fit to existing MPM solutions, and can, therefore, successfully cope with the challenges introduced by the high non‐linearity and wide bandwidth. The proposed technique has been evaluated using a state‐of‐the‐art 4 × 4 APA operating in highly non‐linear regions at 28 GHz with a 100‐MHz‐wide 3GPP base‐station signal as input. Experimental results show the pre‐distortion signal generated by the NN exhibits the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) much lower than the one generated by MPM and consequently superior linearisation performance in terms of adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) for high non‐linearity cases. Using the proposed NN‐based linearisation technique, an improvement of 5‐dB ACLR and 7% points in EVM are achieved, which demonstrates the promising potential of this technique for emerging broadband communication systems such as 5G/6G and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks.
Grid integrated solar energy transfer system with a two‐layer complex coefficient filter‐based control
Authors: Varma P C Renuka , Mukundan C M Nirmal , Pychadathil Jayaprakash , Al‐Durra Ahmed
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a novel control strategy for grid‐integrated solar energy transfer system (SETS) is proposed which enhances the grid power quality along with active power injection. Some of the conventional grid synchronization controls face problems due to imperfect estimation of fundamental active load current during both grid‐side and load‐side disturbances. The proposed two‐layer multiple‐complex coefficient filter control improves the performance of SETS by accurately estimating the fundamental active load current at adverse operating conditions. One layer extracts the fundamental positive sequence of the sensed three‐phase grid voltages and derives the unit in‐phase voltage templates for grid currents reference generation to achieve unity power factor operation. The second layer evaluates the average active fundamental component of the load currents, and finally derives the reference amplitude of three‐phase grid currents. The two‐stage SETS consists of a quadratic boost DC‐DC converter to extract the maximum solar array power forming an interface between PV array and inverter. It also provides high voltage gain and decreases the length of the PV array string while maintaining a low DC‐link voltage ripple, extending the service life of the SETS. The effect of a nonlinear unbalanced load is nullified and therefore the grid current's waveform quality is maintained in compliance with the IEEE‐519 standard during the dynamic operating conditions. The SETS provides sinusoidal, balanced, and steady grid currents at unity power factor withstanding adverse operating conditions such as distorted grid voltages, varying irradiance and varying unbalanced nonlinear load currents. Due to its flexibility to operate in such adverse conditions, the proposed control based SETS is suitable for grid‐connected applications. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and results validate the performance of the SETS. The hardware prototype of the proposed SETS is developed and rigorously tested under various operating conditions to validate the proposed claims.
Fault tolerant load frequency sharing of a multi‐area power system using model predictive control
Authors: Saadatinezhad Hadis , Ramezani Amin , Alizadeh Mousa , Hajimalek Elahe
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the load frequency control (LFC) problem in a four‐area interconnected power system with tie‐line failures. As opposed to the traditional robust‐based configuration techniques, which consider the operating parameters modify within a small range, physical failures may lead to critical structural or parametric changes in the LFC system. Consequently, a system parameter‐free fault‐tolerant model‐based predictive control (FTMPC) strategy for LFC is proposed to address the problem. Multiple steps are taken to achieve load frequency control as follows. First, the system is designed to operate normally with each of the three model‐based predictive controls (MPCs), namely centralized, decentralized, and distributed in the same conditions. Next, a tie‐line disconnection fault is added to this system, which changes the configuration of the previously distributed power system. The new configuration depends on the tie‐line that is disconnected. Furthermore, the performance of centralized, decentralized, and distributed MPCs have been compared to each other in different tie‐line disconnections. A new controller is required to maintain reliability and performance in the presence of the fault. Thus, in the final step, an FTMPC is proposed, which has shown acceptable performance in various tie‐line disconnections. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified via numerical simulations.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Husemann B. , Davis T. A. , Smith C. M. A. , Singha M. , Tremblay G. R. , Klessen R. S. , Powell M. , Connor T. , Baum S. A. , Combes F. , Croom S. M. , Gaspari M. , Neumann J. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. , Rosario D. J. , Rose T. , Scharwächter J. , Winkel N.
Published: December 2021

Context.Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to be responsible for the suppression of star formation in massive ∼1010 M⊙galaxies. While this process is a key feature in numerical simulations of galaxy formation, it has not been unambiguously confirmed in observational studies yet.

Aims.The characterization of the star formation rate (SFR) in AGN host galaxies is challenging as AGN light contaminates most SFR tracers. Furthermore, the various SFR tracers are sensitive to different timescales of star formation from approximately a few to 100 Myr. We aim to obtain and compare SFR estimates from different tracers for AGN host galaxies in the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) to provide new observational insights into the recent SFR history of those systems.

Methods.We constructed integrated panchromatic spectral energy distributions to measure the far infrared (FIR) luminosity as a tracer for the recent (< 100 Myr) SFR. In addition we used the integral-field unit observation of the CARS targets to employ the Hαluminosity decontaminated by AGN excitation as a proxy for the current (< 5 Myr) SFR.

Results.We find that significant differences in specific SFR of the AGN host galaxies as compared with the larger galaxy population disappear once cold gas mass, in addition to stellar mass, is used to predict the SFR for a specific AGN host. Only a tentative trend with the inclination of the host galaxy remains, such that SFR appears slightly lower than expected when the galaxies of unobscured AGN appear more edge-on along our line-of-sight, particular for dust-insensitive FIR-based SFRs. We identify individual galaxies with a significant difference in their SFR which can be related to a recent enhancement or decline in their SFR history that might be related to various processes including interactions, gas consumption, outflows, and AGN feedback.

Conclusions.AGN can be present in various stages of galaxy evolution which makes it difficult to relate the SFR solely to the impact of the AGN. Our study shows that stellar mass alone is an insufficient parameter to estimate the expected SFR of an AGN host galaxy compared to the underlying non-AGN galaxy population. We do not find any strong evidence for a global positive or negative AGN feedback in the CARS sample. However, there is tentative evidence that (1) the relative orientation of the AGN engine with respect to the host galaxies might alter the efficiency of AGN feedback and that (2) the recent SFH is an additional tool to identify rapid changes in galaxy growth driven by the AGN or other processes.
The study of prompt fissionγrays at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory
Authors: Gjestvang D. , Siem S. , Zeiser F. , Randrup J. , Vogt R. , Bello-Garrote F. , Bernstein L.A. , Bleuel D.L. , Guttormsen M. , Görgen A. , Larsen A.C. , Malatji K.L. , Matthews E. , Modamio V. , Oberstedt A. , Oberstedt S. , Tornyi T. , Tveten G. , Voyles A. , Wilson J.
Published: December 2021

The study of prompt fissionγrays (PFGs) is crucial for understanding the energy and angular momentum distribution in fission, and over the last decade there has been an revived interest in this aspect of fission. We present the new experimental setup at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory for detecting PFGs resulting from charged particle-induced fission. Additionally, PFGs from the reaction240Pu(d,pf) were measured in April 2018, and the fission gated proton-γcoincidence spectrum is shown. In order to explore the dependence of the PFG emission on the excitation energy and angular momentum of the compound nucleus, we plan several experiments where charged particle reactions are used to induce fission in various plutonium isotopes. The final results will be compared to predictions made by the Fission Reaction Event Yield Algorithm (FREYA) in an upcoming publication, to benchmark the current modelling of both the PFGs and the fission process.
TANGRA multidetector systems for investigation of neutron-nuclear reactions at the JINR Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics
Authors: Ruskov Ivan , Kopach Yury , Bystritsky Vyacheslav , Skoy Vadim , Grozdanov Dimitar , Fedorov Nikita , Tretyakova Tatyana , Aliev Fuad , Hramco Constantin , Slepnev Vyacheslav , Zamyatin Nikolay , Gandhi Aman , Wang Dongming , Kumar Ajay , Zubarev Evgeni , Bogolubov Evgeny , Barmakov Yuri ,   TANGRA collaboration
Published: December 2021

In the framework of TANGRA-project at the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear research in Dubna (Russia), two experimental setups (Fig. 1) have been designed and tested for investigation of 14-MeV neutron-induced nuclear reactions on a number of important for nuclear science and engineering isotopes. As a source of 14-MeV “tagged” neutrons we are using the VNIIA ING-27 steady-state portable neutron generator with embedded in its vacuum tube 64-pixel charge-particle detector. The “Romashka” system is an array of up-to 24 hexagonal NaI(Tl)-crystal scintillation probes, while the “Romasha” array consists of 18 cylindrical BGO-crystal detectors of neutrons and gamma-rays. In addition to these detectors there is a HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer and a number of Stilbene detectors that can be added for high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry and neutron-gamma detection. The main characteristics of the neutron-induced nuclear reaction products can be investigated by commissioning the detectors in suitable for these experiments’ geometries. Both setups can be used for doing basic and applied scientific research, because they permit simultaneously to measure the energy, angle and multiplicity distributions of gamma-rays and neutrons, produced in the competitive neutron-induced nuclear reactions (n, n’γ), (n,2n), (n, xnγ) and (n, f) in pure or complex substances.
Selection of effective industry benchmarks for the development of mono-specialized regions
Authors: Danilova Irina , Pravdina Natalya
Published: December 2021

The development of the industrial potential of the regions is an urgent task of state policy and requires the development of a set of measures that can take into account not only the structural characteristics of the regional economy, but also the efficiency of the industries. A coupled assessment of changes in concentration and efficiency will allow to get a more complete picture of the sectoral structure of the region’s economy and to more accurately rank measures of state support. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the criteria and assess the unidirectionality (multidirectionality) of shifts in industry concentration and efficiency on the example of monospecialized regions of the metallurgical profile. In the work, the assessment of the localization and efficiency of manufacturing industries by regions was carried out, the positioning of the regions according to the corresponding indicators and their comparative studies were carried out, taking into account the growth rates of the regional economy. According to the results of the assessment, the regions showed a different nature of changes in the manufacturing industry. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has demonstrated a high degree of efficiency with a low localization of the industry, while the growth rates of the regional economy are relatively low, which may indicate the ongoing restructuring processes in the manufacturing industry in favor of more competitive industries. The Chelyabinsk Region showed the highest localization with low efficiency, with the exception of investment efficiency, which may indicate difficulties in transforming the region’s sectoral structure. The focus of further research can be aimed at assessing detailed types of activities within the manufacturing industry in order to identify the factors of ongoing changes and develop point measures to support the relevant industries. Keywords: effective specialization of regions, regional development, localization of activities, sectoral efficiency, monospecialized regions, sectoral benchmarks.
The role of infrastructure in sustainable development
Authors: Beksultanova Aybika Imranovna , Gaisumova Liza Junidovna , Sadueva Malika Abdullovna
Published: December 2021

Today, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the sustainable development agenda is in focus from a new perspective. On the other hand, the issues of inequality, as well as the topics of transparency, effective interaction of various stakeholders to overcome common global challenges, are becoming more and more relevant. Infrastructure plays a key role in achieving sustainable development and has a direct impact on more than 80 % of the UN SDG targets. Through creation and use of sustainable infrastructure, it is possible to achieve the necessary economic, social and environmental results within the framework of the sustainable development goals. Sustainable infrastructure is an infrastructure that is planned, designed, built, operated or decommissioned in a way that ensures economic, social, environmental and institutional sustainability throughout the entire life cycle. The study analyzes the impact of infrastructure on sustainable development. The problematic issues of infrastructural development in Russia are identified, the current situation with the underfunding of infrastructure is shown. Considering the large role of investments for development of the infrastructure complex, state measures for development of this industry have been offered; the necessary conditions have been determined for a more complete involvement of the state in infrastructure.
Mortgage lending as a mechanism to stimulate investment demand in the context of digitalization
Authors: Kolmykova Tatiana , Sitnikova Elvira , Kovalev Petr , Astapenko Elena
Published: December 2021

Currently, in difficult epidemiological conditions, there are significant changes in all spheres of human life. Also, the negative impact of the coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) was not spared by such a significant area for humanity as a mortgage. Mortgage activity has undergone significant changes in the context of the pandemic, especially under the influence of negative factors. However, despite the difficult epidemiological conditions, the Government of the Russian Federation proposed supportive measures and provided assistance to citizens who found themselves in a difficult situation. The article analyzes the trend in the development of mortgage lending, determines the dynamics of the volume of housing mortgage lending provided by credit institutions to individuals, reveals the interdependence between the number of loans issued and the mortgage rate, examines the impact of overdue debt on mortgage loans on the efficiency of a credit institution. The article examines the activities of the leader in mortgage lending Sberbank. The authors proposed measures to improve the efficiency of mortgage lending development in the activities of Sberbank.
State monitoring of the sustainable development of a territory
Authors: Chuvashova Maria , Zhuravleva Irina , Zavarzina Julia
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes a methodology for the formation of monitoring of sustainable development of a territory. The existing addition to the concept of sustainable development is presented. This methodology is a recommendation for authorities. The main goal of the proposed methodology is connected with conducting research on socio-economic and environmental development and planning of territories in order to achieve sustainable development and increase inter-regional and intraregional spatial connectivity. The authors give recommendations on the formation of the state monitoring of sustainable development a territory system for the Ministry of Economic Development and Industry of the Irkutsk Region. It is proposed to form a permanent analytical department and give name “Coordination Council for Spatial Development”. The Coordination Council for Spatial Development carries out activities to study the issues of sustainable development of a territory and spatial connectivity. The monitoring results can be used by regional authorities to formulate provisions for achieving the sustainable development of a territory within the framework of formation the Strategy for the socioeconomic development of a region. The algorithm is presented in the form of diagram. The diagram describes the sequence of actions for the formation of provisions for the sustainable development of a territory by assessing the socio-economic, ecological state and the level of territorial connectivity.
Prevention of extremism in the modern youth environment
Authors: Antoshin Alexey , Antoshin Valery
Published: December 2021

The problem of countering extremism is one of the key areas in the framework of national policy aimed at ensuring the national security of Russia The report analyzes the problem of preventing extremist sentiments among modern Russian youth. The statutory legal regulations adopted in the Russian Federation on combating extremism, as well as the Russian experts’ proceedings on this issue formed the theoretical basis of the study. The authors prove that the methodological basis for the prevention of extremist sentiments among young people existing in our country needs further development and improvement.
Corporate governance under conditions of crisis
Authors: Beksultanova Aybika , Seleznev Andrey , Shardan Saida
Published: December 2021

The study investigates the consequences of the COVID-19 virus pandemic on the activities of the board of directors, corporate governance practices and the strategic context of companies’ activities. The purpose of the study - assess the readiness (after the fact) of the boards of directors to act in a crisis situation, the specifics of the practice of the boards of directors in the new realities, expectations of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate governance practices and the strategic context of the company’s activities. The article outlines some issues that are worth considering and that may be useful to the company’s management in terms of crisis management. A set of proposals has been formed to reduce the negative effects associated with the consequences of the pandemic for corporate governance, as well as ideas and practical proposals that can help companies reduce the costs of going through the current crisis.
Potential landslide territories and their functional use in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Gakaev Rustam
Published: December 2021

Each type of natural phenomenon manifests itself in certain conditions at a certain period of time and in a certain territory. For example, for mountainous areas such natural phenomena as mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes are most typical, and for the plains - dust storms, floods. But those and other phenomena can occur on the plains and in the mountains, but the consequences will be different. For example, the slow-flowing water during flooding on the plains and the seething streams of mountain rivers can lead to various negative consequences. Knowledge of the features of natural phenomena and processes makes it possible to prepare in advance for a predicted situation and take measures, which greatly reduces the possible risk. This paper discusses the features of the manifestation of exogenous geological processes characteristic of the mountainous part of the Chechen Republic.
Research of the activities of the Khabarovsk regional park named after N.N. Muravyov-Amursky for the provision of services to the population in the field of culture and leisure
Authors: Machkarina Oksana , Pankratieva Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the activities of cultural institutions to provide the population with services in the field of culture and leisure on the example of the regional state budgetary institution of culture Khabarovsk Regional Park named after N.N. Muravyov-Amursky for the period 2018-2020. As a result of the study, the following problems of cultural institutions were identified: inconsistency with modern standards, information and cultural needs of the population of the material and technical base of cultural institutions; insufficient financing of this area and underdeveloped mechanisms for raising funds; personnel problems; low prestige of the professions of the institutions in question; slow introduction of information and communication technologies; carrying out a relatively small number of sports and recreational activities of their total. Based on the analysis, some directions for improving their activities are proposed, namely, the development of concepts of cultural institutions focused on modern conditions with the involvement of popular information and communication technologies, updating approaches to the model of the profession of an employee of a cultural institution, updating the content of activities, possibly with the development of a comprehensive sports and health program designed for various groups of the population, including for persons with disabilities, with involvement of sports unions and associations.
National project “Labor productivity” as a factor in the development of the non-resource sector of the economy
Authors: Pobedin Alexander , Ezhov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The article examines the role of labor productivity in the sustainable development of the economy and considers the main goals of ensuring its growth. The main problems are identified, the solution of which allows the implementation of the National Project “Labor Productivity”. So, thanks to participation in this project, business entities of the non-resource sector of the economy are introducing programs aimed at identifying and reducing costs that do not affect the final product. Thus, a new worldview is being formed, aimed at continuous implementation of changes in order to reduce costs. The most important thing is that thanks to these actions, it is possible to improve the production process and increase the profit for a business entity. In our opinion, lean manufacturing should better explain the specific forms of work situations that allow you to adapt to modes of operation other than standard ones. Therefore, in the course of future activities, it is necessary to develop various scenarios for getting out of the current situations, the data about which are unknown at the time of project development. This will ultimately have a positive impact on the development of the economy at the municipal, regional and federal levels.
Smart city interfaces
Authors: Semyachkov Konstantin
Published: December 2021

The work clarifies the concept of a smart city interface as a toolkit for the interaction of digital systems and a wide range of users within the framework of the digitalization of the urban environment. The paper shows that the success of the formation and development of smart cities is associated not only with the introduction of digital technologies in various aspects of the urban environment, but also with the willingness of the population to use these innovations, as well as the toolkit for user interaction with digital systems, i.e. smart city interfaces, their usability and efficiency. The work systematizes the basic principles of the development of interfaces of smart cities, it is shown that the basic principles of creating interfaces are also typical for other digital systems, for example, used in the digitalization of enterprises or individual areas of economic activity. On the other hand, the complexity and multidimensionality of the digital ecosystem of the city requires the development of special principles for the formation of effective tools for interactions within the digital space of the city. The novelty of the research lies in the development of the theoretical foundations of the functioning of modern cities in the context of the formation of a digital society.
Theoretical foundations of the formation of the readiness of future teachers to work in the regional digital educational environment
Authors: Kitikar Oksana , Levchenko Natalia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to characterize the conceptual foundations of the content and structure of the regional system of teacher education in the digital educational environment. The directions of modernization of the teacher training system are based on the substantiation of scientific approaches to the ways of organizing the interaction of the subjects of the educational process in the region with an emphasis on eliminating the professional deficits of teachers, on the formation of a new type of competencies among teachers for the implementation of pedagogical activities at a high level in a regional digital educational environment, taking into account its specifics.
Staffing support management for regional economic growth in the context of global challenges
Authors: Skantsev Vitaly , Gerashchenkova Tatyana
Published: December 2021

The article defines the formation conditions of regional development vectors on the basis of approved federal documents and the opinion of regional authorities on the expediency of applying efforts to certain sectors of the economy. The authors indicate the necessity of focusing on the development of the industrial sector of the economy. This is justified, first of all, by the high level of the added value of industrial products. The industrial sector is also pointed out as a factor of intellectualization of the consumer sphere and a driver of economic growth. At the same time, staff potential is highlighted as one of the most important resource components. The results of the study indicate the participants in the formation of labor resources and the problems of their interaction, the shortcomings of staffing support at modern industrial enterprises. The article contains the mechanisms that are necessary for managing the processes of staff potential development, including the ones that take into account the prospective needs in the conditions of industrial transformations and the young people’s understanding of their purpose in economic activity. The emphasis is placed on the complexity and consistency of the actions taken. At the same time, the authors provide a list of the most significant professional skills and promising professions for both large manufacturers and small and medium-sized businesses.
Regional approach to achieving sustainable development goals: legal analysis of the EAEU experience in creating a common labor market in its relationship with SDG 8
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Levina Mariia
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the regional component in implementation of the Agenda for Sustainable Development until 2030. Achievement of the 17 Goals and 169 targets in the field of sustainable development indicated in it can hardly be conditioned only by the successful and effective policy of each of the UN member states in this direction. This is explained, first of all, by the fact that the implementation of the Agenda envisages both the interaction of countries at a universal level and largely depends on their regional cooperation, including through integration associations. Wherein, the study of the relevant experience of the Eurasian Economic Union as one of the largest regional associations of economic integration is of considerable interest in this matter. The authors consider practical achievement of the mentioned Goals, primarily Goal 8, through the prism of ensuring freedom of movement of labor within the Union and the effective functioning of its common labor market.
Features of legal regulation of state financial control of sustainable development projects
Authors: Shokhin Sergey , Shokhina Elvira
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development is the key point for scientific discussion in the contemporary world especially after the UN General Assembly introduced the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper is focused on the control and accountability issues related to financing of sustainable development goals implementation. The fundamental changes in public policy inherently cause more expectations in the society about accountability and efficient control and audit in public finance. The comparative method with reference to international experience is predominantly applied in the research. The paper emphasizes that strategic audit with its forms and methods is the most relevant for sustainable development projects’ audit. Strategic audit should rely on the modern information technologies including the big data analysis. The increasing role of the Accounts Chamber of Russian Federation in the national goals and the SDGs achievement monitoring is highlighted in the article. The paper contributes both to the theoretical approaches to forms and methods of public audit and to the practitioners’ discussion around the best practices in public finance audit.
When my avatar’s movements make me feel I am moving: From natural-like stimuli to fully artificial ones in virtual reality
Authors: Giroux Marion , Barra Julien , Graff Christian , Guerraz Michel
Published: December 2021

In virtual reality, users do not receive any visual information coming from their own body. Thus, avatars are often used, and they can be embodied which alters the body representation. We suggested that the perception of one’s own movements (i.e., kinaesthesia) can be altered as well. We investigated whether visual cues coming from an avatar can be used for kinaesthesia and to what extent such cues can deviate from natural ones. We used a paradigm in which the participant’s left forearm was moved passively, correlated with the movement of both forearms of the avatar. Such visuo-proprioceptive combination induces kinaesthetic illusions in the participant’s right forearm. The impact of the morphological similarity (semantic congruency) and of the visual perspective of the avatar (spatial congruency) was investigated. Results have indicated that avatar’s movements are processed as one’s own movements. Morphological similarity and first-person perspective were not necessary, but they reinforced the illusions. Thus, visual motion cues can strongly deviate from natural ones in morphology and perspective and still contribute to kinaesthesia.
Multisensory learning environments. Research project Education on Screen
Authors: Fadeev Aleksandr , Milyakina Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The unity of heterogeneous sensory channels plays an essential role in our learning and development. The multisensory approaches to learning imply a simultaneous use of visual, auditory, kinesthetic-tactile and other possible modalities. The paper analyses the affordances of multisensory learning via the framework of semiotics of culture and contemporary research in education, as well as explores the relations between multisensory perception of environment and multimodality of representation in learning. The multimodal nature of human communication became explicit in the age of the Internet and audiovisual media. The development of digital technology also made it possible to consider the multiplicity of representational modes in learning. Whereas multisensory learning practices usually emerge in vernacular contexts, the recent developments in education and semiotics of culture offer unprecedented means for supporting such practices both in formal and non-formal education. Also, the multisensory learning practices are inherent to the development of the new literacies necessary for meaning-making in the contemporary media environment. The theoretical discussion is followed by the analysis of a practical example – digital educational platform Education on Screen. The platform aims to facilitate a meaningful dialogue with the cultural heritage by means of multimodal and multisensory learning.
CKD-MBD und sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (Teil 2)
Authors: Hahn Kai , Ketteler Markus
Published: December 2021

Der Begriff CKD-MBD (Chronic Kidney Disease – Mineral Bone Disorder) ist seit einigen Jahren für Störungen des Kalzium-Phosphat-Stoffwechsels und der damit verbundenen Risiken für das Mineral-Knochen- und Herz-Kreislauf-System bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen bekannt. Die Bezeichnung entstand nach einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Pathophysiologie des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus und da neue Akteure wie FGF23 und Klotho gefunden wurden, die eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung der Störungen spielen. Das wachsende Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen den neuen Akteuren und Kalzium, Phosphat, Vitamin D und Vitamin K2 sowie der Verkalkung von Gefäßen und Weichteilen beeinflusste unweigerlich unsere Therapien. Dieser zweite Teil des Beitrags verschafft einen Überblick über die Implikationen der neuen pathophysiologischen Erkenntnisse, v. a. im Hinblick auf neue Therapeutika für eine optimale Therapie von Patienten mit CKD-MBD.
Die S3-Leitlinie zur Sectio caesarea – Zusammenfassung
Authors: Agel Lena , Louwen Frank , Zander Nadja
Published: December 2021

Die S3-Leitlinie „Die Sectio caesarea“ wurde im Juni 2020 bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e.V. (AWMF) publiziert und konnte unter der Federführung der deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) mit der Beteiligung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft (DGHWi) e.V., des Deutschen Hebammenverbands (DHV) e.V. sowie des schweizerischen Hebammenverbands (SHV) erarbeit werden [4]. Die Leitlinie fasst aktuelle Evidenz zur Sectio caesarea zusammen und dient als unterstützendes Instrument im Beratungsprozess von Frauen hinsichtlich des Geburtsmodus, um das maternale und fetale Outcome positiv zu beeinflussen.
Verbitterung und Aggression bei
Psychotherapiepatienten
Authors: Noack Isabel , Heinzel Franziska , Linden Michael
Published: December 2021

Einleitung  Die Emotion Verbitterung ist jedem Menschen geläufig.
Sie geht mit erheblichem Leid für die Betroffenen und ihre Umwelt
einher, wozu auch dysfunktionales Verhalten und Aggressionsgedanken
gehören. Dies ist auch ein Thema bei Psychotherapiepatienten und sollte
angemessene therapeutische Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Allerdings gibt es zur
Häufigkeit von Verbitterung und assoziierter Aggression bei Patienten in
ambulanter Psychotherapie bislang nur unzureichende Daten.

Material und Methoden  Erwachsene Patienten eines
Verhaltenstherapieinstituts füllten die PTED Skala (Post-Traumatic
Embitterment Disorder Selbstauskunftskala), den K-FAF (Kurzfragebogen zur
Erfassung von Aggressivitätsfaktoren) und die SCL-90-S Skala
(Symptom-Checkliste-90-Standard) aus. Weiterhin standen soziodemografische
Routinedaten zur Verfügung.

Ergebnisse  118 Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 38 Jahren
(SD=13,3 Jahre; R=18,76 Jahre) nahmen an der Untersuchung teil.
Der Mittelwert der PTED-Skala betrug M=1,8 (SD=0,81;
R=0–3,38). Eine klinisch signifikante Verbitterungssymptomatik
mit einem Cut-off-Wert von M≥2,5 erreichten 22% der
Untersuchten. Der mittlere Summenwert der Aggressivitätsskala (gesamt)
beträgt 30,25 (SD=17,94). 23,7% der Patienten hatten
einen auffälligen reaktiven Aggressivitätswert
(Cut-off≥18,37) und 54,2% der Patienten einen
auffälligen Wert für erregbare Aggressivität
(Cut-off≥14,8). Es konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der
PTED-Skala und der Aggressivitätsskala (gesamt) (r=0,422,
p<0,001), wie auch in den Unterkategorien „erregbare
Aggressivität“ (r=0,355, p <0,001) und
„reaktive Aggressivität“ (r=0,425,
p<0,001) gefunden werden. Bei Vergleich von Patienten mit
erhöhter Verbitterung, erhöhter Aggression, erhöhter
Verbitterung und Aggression (Komorbiditätsgruppe) und
unauffälligen Patienten hinsichtlich des Grades der psychischen
Belastung fand sich ein höherer Wert in der Komorbiditätsgruppe
im Vergleich zur unauffälligen Gruppe (GSI der SCL-90-S:
f(3,71)=4,00, p=0,011), sowie eine höhere Rate an
Arbeitslosigkeit (Fisher-Test p=0,008). Es fanden sich keine
signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen und sonstigen
soziodemografischen Variablen (Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand und
Bildung).

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung  Die Daten zeigen, dass Verbitterung und
Aggression im ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Kontext mit relevanter
Häufigkeit vorkommen und theoriekonform miteinander in Verbindung
stehen. Deshalb sollten ambulante Psychotherapiepatienten stets
diesbezüglich befragt werden, um adäquat intervenieren zu
können.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH)
Authors: Kühnisch Jan
Published: December 2021

Die Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) – auch bekannt unter dem Synonym der Kreidezähne – stellt heute neben der Karies die zweithäufigste Erkrankung an Zähnen im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, einerseits den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Häufigkeit und Ätiologie dieser entwicklungsbedingten Strukturstörung zusammenzufassen und andererseits das Spektrum an therapeutischen Maßnahmen zu beschreiben.
Spaltbildungen und deren Therapie
Authors: Christian Pausch Niels , Lethaus Bernd
Published: December 2021

Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten stellen insgesamt häufige Fehlbildungen dar. Ihre Versorgung beginnt bereits unmittelbar nach der Geburt und umfasst eine Vielzahl von Behandlungsschritten, welche sich nicht selten bis in das junge Erwachsenenalter hinein erstrecken. Die chirurgische Rehabilitation besteht in der plastischen Korrektur der betroffenen Anteile der Oberlippe, des Hart- und Weichgaumens und der Nase. Häufig ist zusätzlich eine Mittelohrsanierung erforderlich. Begleitend zu den operativen Maßnahmen erfolgen in regelmäßigen Abständen Konsultationen, um gegebenenfalls kieferorthopädische, logopädische, HNO-ärztliche oder auch zahnärztlich-sanierende Behandlungen zu koordinieren. Diese komplexe Betreuung erfordert eine gute Compliance der Betroffenen und Ihrer Eltern und ist nur in einem interdisziplinären Team mit entsprechender Expertise zu realisieren. Die Ergebnisse der Rehabilitation sind heute sehr gut und ermöglichen Betroffenen eine Lebensqualität, welche sich kaum noch von jener anderer Kinder bzw. Jugendlicher unterscheidet.
Tätigkeitsfeld „Sport und
Bewegung“
Authors: Morsch Arne
Published: December 2021

Trotz der hohen Evidenz für die gesundheitliche Wirkungsbreite
körperlicher Aktivität werden Sport und Bewegung immer noch
nicht hinreichend in medizinische Strategien zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung
zentraler Erkrankungsgruppen einbezogen. Grund hierfür ist unter
anderem, dass im Tätigkeitsfeld „Sport und Bewegung“ ein
strukturelles Professionalisierungsdefizit zu konstatieren ist. Mit ihren
Studienangeboten in den Bereichen Prävention, Gesundheit, Fitness und
Sport sowie in der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie leistet die Deutsche Hochschule
für Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement einen wichtigen Beitrag
zur Qualitätsentwicklung und Professionalisierung dieses
Tätigkeitsfeldes.
Selen in der Prävention
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: December 2021

Das Spurenelement Selen erfüllt im Zellstoffwechsel wichtige regulatorische Funktionen. Eine Unterversorgung kann das Risiko für viele Erkrankungen wie Schilddrüsenentzündung, Krebs, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen oder Infektionen erhöhen. V. a. virale Infekte sind von Bedeutung, weil ein Selendefizit sowohl zu einer insuffizienten Immunresponse führt als auch zu einer höheren Mutationsrate und Aggressivität der Viren. Erste Ergebnisse aus Studien mit COVID-19-Patienten deuten darauf hin, dass höhere Selenspiegel zu geringeren Infektionsraten und schwächeren Krankheitsverläufen führen. Ein Selenmangel lässt sich nur über eine chemische Analyse, am besten aus Vollblut oder Serum, nachweisen und sollte routinemäßig bestimmt werden. Zum Ausgleich eines Defizits ist anorganisches Natriumselenit zu supplementieren. Paranüsse sind dazu ungeeignet, da ihr Gehalt an organischem Selen stark schwankt, sie häufig mit Aflatoxinen belastet sind und Radium anreichern.
Overview and Algorithmic Approach to Management of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss
Authors: Singh Mayank , Acharya Aparna
Published: December 2021

Male and female pattern hair loss (PHL) is an innocuous condition, but it has a major psychological impact on the sufferer. This paper aims to provide a simple algorithmic approach toward diagnosis, staging, and treatment of PHL in males and females. It also aims at simplifying the decision-making process for the surgeon with regard to timing and extent of procedure for hair transplant surgeries. Various treatment options, their merits and demerits, along with scientific evidence supporting or not supporting the treatment options are discussed in detail.
Role of Genetic Counseling for Patients with Hypospadias and Their Families
Authors: Nordenskjöld Agneta , Holmdahl Gundela
Published: December 2021

Congenital malformations often have a genetic background associated with a recurrence risk and may be part of a syndrome. Therefore, for children with a congenital malformation, the parents should be offered genetic counseling, and the child should also be offered the same when they reach adulthood. Hypospadias is a common malformation in boys that arises during genital development in weeks 8 to 16. This results in an underdevelopment of the ventral aspect of the penis with a misplacement of the urethral opening somewhere along the penis, scrotum, or in the perineum and with different degrees of penile curvature. The cause can be monogenic, but generally it is regarded as a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Severe hypospadias and familial cases should be genetically investigated, as for other forms of disorders of sex development, according to current guidelines with sequencing of relevant genes. Hypospadias associated with another independent malformation may be part of a syndrome and should be investigated. Fortunately, boys born with milder hypospadias generally have a good outcome and thus the clinical value of finding a disease-causing mutation appears to be limited especially in light of the present cost of genetic analysis. However, all men born with hypospadias should be advised on the recurrence risk and risk for reduced fertility.
Treatment of Plexiform Neurofibromas with MEK Inhibitors: First Results with a New Therapeutic Option
Authors: Vaassen Pia , Dürr Nikola Reinhard , Rosenbaum Thorsten
Published: December 2021

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1)-associated plexiform neurofibromas (PN) are peripheral nerve sheath tumors that can significantly affect the quality of life. Until recently, surgery was the only treatment for these tumors. However, in most cases, surgery cannot achieve complete tumor removal and carries a high risk of postoperative deficits. Therefore, the recent approval of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for the treatment of NF1-associated PN provides a long-awaited novel therapeutic option. Here, we report our experience with MEK inhibitor treatment in 12 pediatric NF1 patients with inoperable symptomatic PN. Eight patients received trametinib (median therapy duration 12.13 months and range 4–29 months), and four patients received selumetinib (median therapy duration 6.25 months and range 4–11 months). Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 6 months of treatment was available for seven trametinib patients (median tumor volume reduction of 26.5% and range 11.3–55.7%) and two selumetinib patients (21.3% tumor volume reduction in one patient and +3% tumor volume change in the other one). All patients reported clinical benefits such as improved range of motion or reduced disfigurement. Therapy-related adverse events occurred in 58.3% of patients and mainly consisted of skin toxicity, paronychia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two patients discontinued trametinib treatment after 14 and 29 months when severe skin toxicity occurred and no further reduction of tumor size was observed. In one patient, discontinuation of therapy resulted in a 27.2% tumor volume increase as demonstrated on volumetric MRI 6 months later. Our data show that MEK inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach for inoperable PN with promising results and a manageable safety profile.
A first-principles study of hydrogen surface coverage on δ-Pu (100), (111), and (110) surfaces
Authors: Mullen Ryan Gotchy , Goldman Nir
Published: December 2021

Hydriding corrosion of plutonium leads to surface cracking, pitting, and ultimately structural failure. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that hydriding begins on the surface or near the subsurface of plutonium. However, there has not yet been a systematic evaluation of hydrogen surface coverage on plutonium. In this work, we compute the surface energies of the low facet surfaces of face-centered cubic δ-Pu. The adsorption free energies of expected hydrogen structures at low and high coverage are presented along with the likely progression for filling sites as the H2 partial pressure increases. Implications for near-equilibrium pressure hydride nucleation and non-equilibrium millibar pressure hydriding are discussed.
Solid–liquid interface reconstruction for sandwich structure metal plate via laser-ultrasonic techniques
Authors: Zhang Jiamin , Xu Dong , Dong Feng , Wang Ruixiao , Yang Quan , Wang Xiaochen , Xue Renjie
Published: December 2021

A laser-ultrasonic testing system was built for the purpose of liquid core detection of a moving and inaccessible continuous casting slab. Reflected waves from different solid–liquid interfaces are studied using the simulation model established with the finite element method. The solid–liquid interfaces of a sandwich structure aluminum plate were preliminarily detected and reconstructed using the time of flight data of ultrasound propagated between layers. Multiple equal-interval ultrasonic echoes were detected and analyzed according to the reflection and transmission of elastic waves in the solid–liquid interface. A B-scan map for the sandwich structure sample was obtained to show the difference between echoes reflected from each interface. Interfaces of different samples were used to calculate the interface position with relative error no more than 1.3%.