bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs
Authors: Dhakal Santosh , Renukaradhya Gourapura J.
Published: November 2019

Virus infections possess persistent health challenges in swine industry leading to severe economic losses worldwide. The economic burden caused by virus infections such as Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine influenza virus, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and many others are associated with severe morbidity, mortality, loss of production, trade restrictions and investments in control and prevention practices. Pigs can also have a role in zoonotic transmission of some viral infections to humans. Inactivated and modified-live virus vaccines are available against porcine viral infections with variable efficacy under field conditions. Thus, improvements over existing vaccines are necessary to: (1) Increase the breadth of protection against evolving viral strains and subtypes; (2) Control of emerging and re-emerging viruses; (3) Eradicate viruses localized in different geographic areas; and (4) Differentiate infected from vaccinated animals to improve disease control programs. Nanoparticles (NPs) generated from virus-like particles, biodegradable and biocompatible polymers and liposomes offer many advantages as vaccine delivery platform due to their unique physicochemical properties. NPs help in efficient antigen internalization and processing by antigen presenting cells and activate them to elicit innate and adaptive immunity. Some of the NPs-based vaccines could be delivered through both parenteral and mucosal routes to trigger efficient mucosal and systemic immune responses and could be used to target specific immune cells such as mucosal microfold (M) cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In conclusion, NPs-based vaccines can serve as novel candidate vaccines against several porcine viral infections with the potential to enhance the broader protective efficacy under field conditions. This review highlights the recent developments in NPs-based vaccines against porcine viral pathogens and how the NPs-based vaccine delivery system induces innate and adaptive immune responses resulting in varied level of protective efficacy.
Performance evaluation of the maximum complex correntropy criterion with adaptive kernel width update
Authors: Aquino Manoel B. L. , F. Guimarães João P. , Linhares Leandro L. S. , Fontes Aluísio I. R. , Martins Allan M.
Published: November 2019

The complex correntropy is a recently defined similarity measure that extends the advantages of conventional correntropy to complex-valued data. As in the real-valued case, the maximum complex correntropy criterion (MCCC) employs a free parameter called kernel width, which affects the convergence rate, robustness, and steady-state performance of the method. However, determining the optimal value for such parameter is not always a trivial task. Within this context, several works have introduced adaptive kernel width algorithms to deal with this free parameter, but such solutions must be updated to manipulate complex-valued data. This work reviews and updates the most recent adaptive kernel width algorithms so that they become capable of dealing with complex-valued data using the complex correntropy. Besides that, a novel gradient-based solution is introduced to the Gaussian kernel and its respective convergence analysis. Simulations compare the performance of adaptive kernel width algorithms with different fixed kernel sizes in an impulsive noise environment. The results show that the iterative kernel adjustment improves the performance of the gradient solution for complex-valued data.
Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Authors: Coller Emanuela , Cestaro Alessandro , Zanzotti Roberto , Bertoldi Daniela , Pindo Massimo , Larger Simone , Albanese Davide , Mescalchin Enzo , Donati Claudio
Published: November 2019

Background

Despite their importance as a reservoir of biodiversity, the factors shaping soil microbial communities and the extent by which these are impacted by cultivation are still poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing, we characterized the soil microbiota of vineyards and of neighboring permanent grassland soils in the Italian province of Trentino, and correlated their structure and composition to location, chemical properties of the soil, and land management.

Results

Bacterial communities had a core of conserved taxa accounting for more than 60% of the reads of each sample, that was influenced both by geography and cultivation. The core fungal microbiota was much smaller and dominated by geography alone. Cultivation altered the structure and composition of the soil microbiota both for bacteria and fungi, with site-specific effects on their diversity. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities was generally inversely correlated across locations. We identified several taxa that were impacted by the chemical properties and texture of the soil.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the different responses of bacterial and fungal communities to environmental factors and highlight the need to characterize both components of the soil microbiota to fully understand the factors that drive their variability.
Seeing red: towards an improved protocol for the identification of madder- and cochineal-based pigments by fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS)
Authors: Fonseca Beatriz , Schmidt Patterson Catherine , Ganio Monica , MacLennan Douglas , Trentelman Karen
Published: November 2019

Fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) is commonly used to non-invasively identify madder- and cochineal-based pigments on works of art, but the significant shifts sometimes observed in the position of their diagnostic absorption features can hinder correct interpretation of the spectra. To better understand these shifts, and improve the ability to confidently identify these pigments, a systematic study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different pigment recipes and laking substrates on reflectance spectra. Sixteen different madder- and cochineal-based pigments were synthesized using historical recipes. Each pigment, painted in four different binding media (gum Arabic, linseed oil, beeswax, and egg yolk), was fully characterized by FTIR and HPLC-DAD-MS prior to FORS measurements. The results of the study showed that, in contrast to the absorption features typically used for identification, features in the first derivative transformation of the FORS spectra provided a more robust means of primary identification. In addition, once it has been identified as cochineal, the absorption features in the spectra of cochineal-based pigments could be correlated to the recipe employed, providing a possible means for inferring the method of manufacture and laking substrate from a non-invasive analysis. The results of this study were used to create a decision tree for the identification of madder and cochineal pigments based solely on FORS.
Intraductal dissemination of ampullary carcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Mohri Koichi , Hiramatsu Kazuhiro , Shibata Yoshihisa , Yoshihara Motoi , Aoba Taro , Arimoto Atsuki , Ito Akira , Kato Takehito
Published: November 2019

Background

Clinical evidence of intraductal dissemination through the pancreatic duct has been rare. We herein describe a case of ampullary carcinoma that disseminated in the remnant pancreas through the pancreatic duct.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old woman underwent SSPPD for ampullary carcinoma. The tumor was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma without lymph node metastasis (T2N0M0, stage IB). Computed tomography (CT) performed 3 years later revealed a 14-mm tumor near the site of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration showed adenocarcinoma that was morphologically similar to the specimen from the first surgery. We diagnosed recurrence of ampullary carcinoma in the remnant pancreas. A total remnant pancreatectomy was performed. We found a white solid tumor at the 20-mm distal side of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. The tumor was morphologically similar and immunostaining showed a pattern identical to that of the original tumor, suggesting that the two tumors were of the same origin.

Conclusion

The recurrent lesion was most likely the result of tumor cells leaving the tumor and implanting in the remnant pancreatic duct epithelium. Intraductal dissemination of adenocarcinoma is thought to be a cause of remnant recurrence after SSPPD in cases of obstruction of the pancreatic duct or an iatrogenic procedure.
Implementation of mifepristone medical abortion in Canada: pilot and feasibility testing of a survey to assess facilitators and barriers
Authors: Devane Courtney , Renner Regina M. , Munro Sarah , Guilbert Édith , Dunn Sheila , Wagner Marie-Soleil , Norman Wendy V.
Published: November 2019

Background

Direct primary care provision of first-trimester medical abortion could potentially address inequitable abortion access in Canada. However, when Health Canada approved the combination medication Mifegymiso® (mifepristone 200 mg/misoprostol 800 mcg) for medical abortion in July 2015, we hypothesized that the restrictions to distribution, prescribing, and dispensing would impede the uptake of this evidence-based innovation in primary care. We developed and pilot-tested a survey related to policy and practice facilitators and barriers to assess successful initiation and ongoing clinical provision of medical abortion service by physicians undertaking mifepristone training. Additionally, we explored expert, stakeholder, and physician perceptions of the impact of facilitators and barriers on abortion services throughout Canada.

Methods

In phase 1, we developed a survey using 2 theoretical frameworks: Greenhalgh’s conceptual model for the Diffusion of Innovations in health service organizations (which we operationalized) and Godin’s framework to assess the impact of professional development on the uptake of new practices operationalized in Légaré’s validated questionnaire. We finalized questions in phase 2 using the modified Delphi methodology. The survey was then tested by an expert panel of 25 nationally representative physician participants and 4 clinical content experts. Qualitative analysis of transcripts enriched and validated the content by identifying these potential barriers: physicians dispensing the medication, mandatory training to become a prescriber, burdens for patients, lack of remuneration for mifepristone provision, and services available in my community. To assess the usability and reliability of the online survey, in phase 3, we pilot-tested the survey for feasibility.

Results

We developed and tested a 61-item Mifepristone Implementation Survey suitable to study the facilitators and barriers to implementation of mifepristone first-trimester medical abortion practice by physicians in Canada.

Conclusions

Our team operationalized Greenhalgh’s theoretical framework for Diffusion of Innovations in health systems to explore factors influencing the implementation of first-trimester medical abortion provision. This process may be useful for those evaluating other health system innovations. Identification of facilitators and barriers to implementation of mifepristone practice in Canada and knowledge translation has the potential to inform regulatory and health system changes to support and scale up facilitators and mitigate barriers to equitable medical abortion provision.
The relative importance of competition to contagion: evidence from the digital currency market
Authors: Xie Peng , Wu Jiming , Du Hongwei
Published: November 2019

How does the valuation change of an industry leader influence its competitors? Does it induce a competitive effect or a contagion effect? What are the driving forces of such influences? We attempted to answer these questions within digital currency markets. We found that both close and distant competitors against an industry leader experience high competitive effects, while moderate competitors experience high contagion effects. Next, we empirically demonstrated how this U-shaped pattern reduces to a linear relationship depending on the industry concentration. Lastly, we identified eight distinct information categories from a social media platform of the industry leader and compared the influence of the eight information categories on the industry leader’s competitors. Our analysis suggests that the relative importance of the competitive effect to the contagion effect in the industry depends on the category of the information.
Reply to discussions by Zavala (2019) and by Van Loon, Hüeneke, and Mulder (2019) on Shanmugam, G. (2018, Journal of Palaeogeography, 7 (3): 197–238): ‘the hyperpycnite problem’
Authors: Shanmugam G.
Published: November 2019

In this reply, I respond to 18 issues associated with comments made by Zavala (e.g., inverse- to normally-graded sequence, origin of massive sands, experimental sandy debris flows, tidal rhythmites, facies models, etc.), and 10 issues associated with comments made by Van Loon et al. (e.g., 16 types of hyperpycnal flows, anthropogenic hyperpycnal flow, etc.).
Reflection and transmission approximations for weak contrast orthorhombic media
Authors: Jin Song , Stovas Alexey
Published: November 2019

Subsurface media are in general anisotropic, and this fact should be taken into account for analyzing reflection and transmission (R/T) coefficients. Orthorhombic (ORT) media are commonly regarded as a practical symmetry system to account for polar anisotropy and azimuthal anisotropy. We have focused on the model made up of two welded ORT half-spaces to analyze the R/T coefficients normalized by vertical energy flux. The two half-spaces have azimuthally nonaligned vertical symmetry planes and are parameterized in two local 3D Cartesian coordinate frames, respectively. The vertical coordinate planes in each local frame coincide with the vertical symmetry planes for the corresponding ORT half-spaces. Under the weak contrast assumption for the two half-spaces, this model is taken as the perturbed model in R/T approximations with the perturbation theory. The unperturbed model is also composed of two unperturbed ORT half-spaces with their different vertical symmetry plane orientations inheriting the counterparts for the perturbed half-spaces above and below the interface, respectively. The unperturbed ORT half-spaces above and below the interface have the same model parameters defined in the two local coordinate frames, respectively. With the perturbations respectively evaluated in the local coordinate frames above and below the interface, the azimuth angle that indicates the local frames’ azimuthal difference is decoupled from the model parameter contrasts. Compared with the traditional approximation method with the perturbation theory in a global coordinate frame, the proposed R/T approximations depend on fewer model parameter discontinuities. We also consider the isotropic background medium under the weak anisotropy assumption. Influences of S-wave singularity points are mitigated by introducing pseudowaves for approximations. Numerical tests are implemented to demonstrate the accuracy.
Long-Term Outcomes of Treatments for Central Precocious Puberty or Early and Fast Puberty in Chinese Girls
Authors: Fu Junfen , Zhang Jianwei , Chen Ruimin , Ma Xiaoyu , Wang Chunlin , Chen Linqi , Liang Yan , Luo Xiaoping , Yang Yu , Xiong Feng , Su Zhe , Wu Jing , Yao Hui , Xu Jinliang , Wu Di , Ni Yan
Published: November 2019

Context

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) have been widely used to treat idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) or early and fast puberty (EFP). However, large-scale studies to evaluate the treatment effects on final adult height (FAH) are still lacking.

Objective

To assess the effects of long-term treatment for CPP/EFP on FAH and its main influencing factors.

Design and Setting

Retrospective, multicenter observational study from 1998 to 2017.

Participants

Four hundred forty-eight Chinese girls with CPP/EFP received GnRHa and rhGH treatment (n = 118), GnRHa alone (n = 276), or no treatment (n = 54).

Main Outcome Measures

FAH, target height (Tht), and predictive adult height (PAH).

Results

The height gain (FAH–PAH) was significantly different among the GnRHa and rhGH treatment, GnRHa alone, and no treatment groups (P < 0.05; 9.51 ± 0.53, 8.07 ± 0.37, and 6.44 ± 0.91 cm, respectively). The genetic height gain (FAH–Tht) was 4.0 ± 0.5 cm for the GnRHa + rhGH group and 2.0 ± 0.27 cm for the GnRHa group, while the control group reached their Tht. In addition, 5 critical parameters derived from PAH, bone age, and Tht, showed excellent performance in predicting which patients could gain ≥5 cm (FAH–PAH), and this was further validated using an independent study.

Conclusions

The overall beneficial effect of GnRHa + rhGH or GnRHa on FAH was significant. The control group also reached their genetic target height. Clinicians are recommended to consider both the potential gains in height and the cost of medication.
Monitoring of Material and Technical Potential of Modern Education As a Factor of Strategy of General Education Development and Implementation of Federal State Educational Standard
Authors: Назарова Т. , Nazarova T.
Published: November 2019

The article reveals the methodological foundations of the organization of monitoring of material, technical and information support of the Federal state educational standard, the role and place of means, environment and technological conditions of training, education and development in the educational infrastructure. The features of monitoring as a tool for assessing the state of infrastructure and the development of educational activities are shown. The essence of updating the content of education, technologies and teaching methods is determined and the priority directions of development of educational infrastructure are shown. The main groups of indicators and their requirements (criteria) for the implementation of modern monitoring of Material and technical base are identifi ed. Additions were made to the groups of indicators for monitoring the material and technical provision of the educational process. The necessity of normative regulation of infrastructure on the basis of integration of General requirements into the system of normative-methodical documents in the form of the standard of educational and material base of General secondary education is shown.
Monitoring of the Education System in the European Union: Goals, Criteria and Indicators, Results
Authors: Пичугина Г. , Pichugina G. , Казакевич В. , Kazakevich V.
Published: November 2019

Strategic initiatives and documents defi ning the goals of development of the European Union education system, as well as criteria and indicators of its condition are described. The results of the 2018 monitoring are discussed according to the main criteria and the measures planned to increase the level and quality of the education system in the European Union.
Specificity of the Integrative Approach in Teaching Students a Foreign Language
Authors: Прибылова Н. , Pribylova N.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of integrativity in teaching foreign language in the system of school education. The aim of the integrative approach in teaching a foreign language is to achieve a synergetic effect on the basis of mastering a curricilum and independent use of the language in an externally specifi ed context. The author describes the specifi cs of the integrative approach in the school foreign language course, which lies in interdisciplinary synthesis in mastering a foreign language; inclusive education of children with disabilities and normal students; cultural-based study of native and second languages and comparative analysis of their native and foreign cultures. The author highlights the pedagogical and methodological importance of the integrative approach as an element of holistic education, emphasizes the need for individualization of education in the context of the humanistic paradigm.
How to Evaluate the Effect of School Educational Innovations in Russia in 2000-2010’s: Ways to Overcome Research Problems and Risks
Authors: Синельников И. , Sinel'nikov I.
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of scientifi c research and evaluation of innovative processes in Russian school education. The article indicates the one-sidedness of the existing approach to the analysis and evaluation of the eff ectiveness of educational innovations; reveals the main reasons for the prevailing in science and politics uncritical, “hassle-free” view of the eff ectiveness of introduced innovations; promising ways to overcome existing research problems and risks are proposed.
Congenital heart disease: issues with screening at the newborn physical examination
Authors: Seignior Helen
Published: November 2019

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of infant death in the developed world. For this reason, screening for CHD forms part of the newborn physical examination (NPE) that occurs within 72 hours of birth. This article reviews the challenges faced by the examiner in the detection of CHD in the newborn. This includes relevant anatomy and physiology of the newborn circulation and the presentation of heart murmurs. The usefulness of additional screening tools is also discussed. Four-limb blood pressure (BP) is found to be unhelpful as a screening tool, whereas the use of pulse oximetry is supported by research evidence.
How To Have A Mindful Pregnancy
Authors: Keates Amy
Published: November 2019

By Sian Warriner and Mark Pallis
Statins and the diet-heart hypothesis
Authors: Winter George
Published: November 2019

With the NHS announcement that high-dose statins may soon be avaliable in pharmacies, George Winter discusses the implications of this decision, considering their effectiveness and side effects
Exploring anticholinergic burden in older adults in the acute hospital setting
Authors: Mould Anna
Published: November 2019

Anticholinergic medications are widely used to treat a variety of health conditions. Anticholinergic burden has a negative impact on the overall wellbeing of older adults. The aim of this study was to explore tthe extent to which anticholinergic burden was a feature in the presentation of older individuals referred to the Mental Health Liaison Service (MHLS) with confusion, which increases risk of falling. To do this, a retrospective review was conducted of referrals to the MHLS of patients referred with confusion, and of a sample of drug charts from the older person's medical wards. A case study is also presented, to support the conclusion that anticholinergic burden is significant in older patients presenting to the acute hospital setting.
Tourism&Theatre. To be or not to be?
Authors: Santamarta Espuña Lluís
Published: November 2019

This project seeks to study the TourismTheatre phenomenon. The main proposal of the research is to highlight strategies of how an urban destination can make, from its inherent theatre products and theatrical culture, a tourist attraction.The methodology undertaken has been an exploratory search of qualitative information thanks to exhaustive in-depth interviews with theatrical and tourism professionals and companies. Currently, London and New York are the most successful examples of TourismTheatre destinations. However, examples from other western destinations are devising alternatives strategies.Surprisingly, the conclusion that the project has unearthed is that tourism accessibility is the key to TourismTheatre phenomenon. In destinations where theatre is not yet a tourism attraction, tourist managers should focus on making the art form more reachable for tourist consumption (content accessibility, communication campaigns, distribution channels, etc.). Thus, the creation of a tourism accessibility company applied to theatre could be the most feasible strategy to adopt.
Play moods across the life course in SKAM fandom
Authors: Petersen Line Nybro , Sundet Vilde Schanke
Published: November 2019

This article considers fans’ playful digital practices and focuses on the play moods that are co-constructed in online fan communities. We analyse how these play moods are negotiated across the life course for participating fans. Play moods are closely tied to the playful modes of fan practices, and by gaining a greater understanding of the moods that fans engage in at different stages of their life course we gain new insights into fan play as it relates to issues of age-related norms in fan communities. Specifically, this article analyses the Norwegian teenage streaming drama SKAM (Shame) (NRK, 2015–17), which was produced for a target audience of 16-year-old Norwegian girls but ended up capturing the hearts of people of all ages across Scandinavia and internationally. This study is based on interviews with 43 Scandinavian fans aged between 13 and 70. The participants were all active on social media (Facebook, Instagram, the show’s blog, etc.) while the show was on the air and the interviews offers insights into issues of age-appropriateness as it relates to fan practices. As such, fans ‘police’ both themselves and each other based on perceptions of age, while also engaging in practices that are by nature playful and may be considered subjectively and culturally ‘youthful’ or ‘childish’. The article combines theory of play and fan studies with a focus on the life course and cultural gerontology in order to highlight these tendencies in the SKAM fandom.
Stephen Pierpoint, The Success of English Land Tax Administration 1643–1733, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 400 p., ISBN: 978-3- -319-90260-9
Authors: Barbosa José Luís Dos Santos
Published: November 2019

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_50_16
A Morte em Coimbra. Mortalidade e atitudes perante a morte. 1750-1777
Authors: Campos Filipe De Andrade
Published: November 2019

A morte em Coimbra constitui um novo olhar sobre a interpretação feita aos registos de óbito da cidade, compreendidos entre 1750 e 1777. Através da consulta destas fontes, alcançámos a definição dos traços e tendências demográficas, atitudes e comportamentos perante a morte, religiosidade e assistência social que caracterizaram parte da sociedade coimbrã setecentista.
Economies Based on Reward Sharing: a Case Study in Indonesia�s Tertiary Sector
Authors: Yaumidin Umi Karomah
Published: November 2019

Reward-sharing activities are well known in the business world, particularly for businesses relying on trust. Today, the basic concepts of Islamic economics are widely used not only in the banking sector but also in other economic sectors. In Indonesia, the concept of profit and loss sharing (PLS), contract sharing and revenue sharing can be seen as an another model to accelerate growth after cyclic downturns. There are at least three reasons why it is important to examine this concept. First, how it affects lower investment inflows, whether domestic or foreign investment. High corruption, high risk and uncertainty are the most common reasons and influencing factors for investors wanting to invest in Indonesia, although Indonesian governments have been working hard to reduce these handicaps. Second, there are difficulties for small enterprises in getting funds from formal financial institutions and this contributes to company bankruptcies. As is commonly known, financial institutions require interest fees for credit but many small businesses cannot meet this requirement because they have not enough assets to quarantine their credit.
Syari`ah Investment
Authors: Lestari Esta , Jusmaliani Jusmaliani
Published: November 2019

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Between Islam, Politics, and Democracy: The Political Ideology of Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS)
Authors: Wahyudi Nostalgiawan
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the political ideology of one of the most recent Islamic revivalist parties in Indonesia, the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) or the Prosperous Justice Party. The rigidity and strong politico-ideological foundations of the PKS do not ft easily in contemporary Indonesian Muslim society; it is important to find the reasons why the PKS has become moderate in its approach to Indonesian politics. This examination of the PKSs ideology covers institutional development, political strategies and its attitude to democracy. The political drive of the party has its origins in its very basic ideology that links to the political character of the Muslim Brotherhood. The party uses a rational approach to adapt the objectifcation of Muslim needs from a homogenous to a pluralist society that naturally insists the party contextualise its ideology in building an Islamic state,shar??a implementation and democracy.
One Method to Improve the Official Poverty Line in Indonesia
Authors: Firdausy Carunia Mulya
Published: November 2019

Poverty is one of the long standing problems in Indonesia. Using the national absolute poverty line, itwas estimated that the proportion of the poor has declined from 40.1% in 1976 to 10.5% in 2014. However,many people claim that the above percentage of the poor is only true in terms of statistics. The poor argue thatthe amount of rupiah expenditure set as the ofcial poverty line is inadequate to fulfl their basic needs. Thispaper, based on a feld survey of 360 respondents of the poor and the non-poor in three villages in three different provinces located in the Eastern, Western and Central parts of Indonesia, aims at examining a methodto improve the national poverty line and to determine the minimum rupiah expenditure of the poverty lineusing a subjective approach. The method used to examine this research question is by - using questionnaires,Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in depth interviews. Sample respondents were asked their perceptions onvariables, dimensions and indicators that should be accommodated in formulating the subjective poverty line.They were also questioned about the minimum rupiah expenditure threshold to defne the subjective povertyline. The study found that the ofcial poverty line that has been determined by the government was far belowthe subjective poverty line that was defned by the respondents. Also, the variables, dimension and indicatorsthat should be accommodated in the national poverty line should not only be food items, but also access toemployment, housing, health and education for children. The minimum rupiah expenditure of the povertyline was argued to be more than Rp 500 000 equal to US$40 per capita per month. This minimum rupiahexpenditure of the subjective poverty line is almost double that of the ofcial poverty line set at the average ofRp 300 000 or US$24 per capita per month. Therefore, the government not only needs to revise the presentpoverty line, but also needs to revise policies and programs to eliminate poverty by taking into account thedimension and variables of poverty viewed by the poor and the non-poor. If not, the incidence of poverty willremain with us.
THE RESPONSE OF CONTEMPORARY INDONESIAN ISLAMIC PARTIES TOWARDS PLURALISM
Authors: Noor Firman
Published: November 2019

Religion-based political parties, particularly Islamic parties, are often perceived as being less committed to preserving pluralism in comparison with secular parties. Some people regard them as having hidden agendas which are not proper for Indonesia as a plural country. By exploring the ideals and practical aspects of several major Islamic parties, this article wants to highlight the views and attitudes of these parties in relation to political diversity that indicates a real position of pluralism within these parties. To measure the Islamic parties commitment on pluralism, this article will explore these issues:(1) the main purpose of party establishment, (2) the concept of the ideal form and foundation of a state, including the vision of Pancasila, (3) attitudes towards minority groups, including non-Muslims, Ahmadiyah, Syiah and any other minority groups, (4) policies related to religious concerns, including rights to religious education, the establishment of Islamic Syariah at the local level, and radicalism and (5) developments of political cooperation with secular and non-Muslim parties. The discussion will also touch upon the reasons behind the response towards pluralism as well as addressing the question on whether the response towards pluralism is based on pragmatic interests or Islamic idealism. Discussions about the Islamic parties will also reveal the gradation and level of commitment of the Islamic Parties to pluralism, which in general tend to be supportive towards pluralism.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE STRATEGIC POSITION OF INDONESIA IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA TOWARD THE MILITARY PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN INDONESIA AND CHINA IN 2010-2015
Authors: Zuhri Ahmad Syaifuddin , Hanifa Hanifa
Published: November 2019

This article aims to analyze the strategic position of Indonesia in South China Sea (SCS) towards the military partnership of Indonesia and China from 2010-2015. The aim of this research is to analyze how the strategic position of Indonesia influences the military relationship between Indonesia and China.The South China Sea is one of the most strategic and influential regions; it has the capability to threaten the stability of Southeast Asia. Indonesia as one of the most significant countries in ASEAN geographically, has a strategic but conflicted position. This research will analyze how the strategic position of Indonesia in theSCS influences their military partnership with China.This research formulates questions as to how the Indonesian strategic position in the South China Sea influences the China-Indonesia military relationship in 2010-2015? This article a neo-realist theory, a national security concept and a geo-strategic concept to accomplish this. It also uses a qualitative method of analysis through research papers and holding interviews. Through the three concepts and school of thought, this research has found that there is an influence on the strategic position of Indonesia in the militaristic relationshipbetween Indonesia and China. The strategic location of Indonesia in the South China Sea and the significant role Indonesia plays in ASEAN can positively affect the relationship between Indonesia and China.
CITES and Domestic Economy in Indonesia: The Efforts of Indonesian Government to Change The Lamakera Fishers� Commodity in Implementing The 2013 CITES Convention
Authors: Septiyana Iyan
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is a maritime country where most of the people work as fishers. The number of fishers in Indonesia is around 1.4 million people. Lamakera is a village on Solor Island, and part of East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The geographical condition which is the strait makes the Lamakera sea area visited by various types of fish, including whales and manta rays. In 2012 researchers proposed a moratorium of International trade of Manta rays gills to IUCN that agreed on the international convention in the CITES framework. Indonesia, as part of the CITES, binds their selves to the convention and must implement it. In another side, Manta is the primary commodity for Lamakera fishers. By using liberal-institutionalism perspective on international relations, this article will describe how the efforts of the Indonesian government change the livelihood of local people concerning the implementation of CITES 2013.
Environmental Degradation and Poverty Nexus: Evidence from Coral Reef Destruction in Indonesia
Authors: Sabilla Kanetasya
Published: November 2019

In a rural area, environmental degradation and poverty nexus focuses on the high-dependency of poor people to natural resources-based livelihood. Arguably, limited assets of poor people cause them to be unable to cope with natural resources degradation and to undertake sustainable practice in their livelihood activities. This study attempts to find the nexus between environmental degradation and poverty in the case of coral reef destruction in Indonesia by applying secondary research as a methodology. A sustainable livelihood framework is applied to analyze small-scale fisher people's vulnerability and capacity to destruct. This study finds that small-scale fisher-people have limited assets to cope with coral reef destruction; however, the same condition leads them to destruct coral reef by doing the destructive fishing practice. This condition causes them to be trapped in the downward spiral of environmental degradation and poverty. Moreover, small-scale fisher-people can overcome this problem by developing self-governance common pool resources to conserve coral reef and increase their livelihood sustainability.
Utilization Factors of Prevention Mother to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) Program Among Pregnant Women
Authors: Sitohang Marya Yenita
Published: November 2019

HIV transmission patterns had changed from high-risk groups to the group of housewives. Housewives will get pregnant and give birth. The possibility of a child contracting HIV from his mother can be prevented by utilizing the PMTCT program optimally. The objective of this research is to analyze the internal and external factors of PMTCT program utilization for pregnant women. This research used a critical review of previous studies (2009-2017). Social structures (education, occupation, and economic status) were not significantly related to the behavior of PMTCT program utilization. However, the availability of information and consultation with health officers (external factors) related to the knowledge and perception of pregnant women about HIV and the PMTCT program (internal factors). Good knowledge and perception would connect with the behavior of PMTCT program utilization. Negative stigma (external factor) from the family, community, and health officer made pregnant women reluctant to utilize the PMTCT program optimally. In conclusion, the need for increasing the quality of health services to become client-oriented as of widening the scope and optimization of the PMTCT program.
Failure of Bilateral Diplomacy on Irian Barat (Papua) Dispute (1950-1954)
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto
Published: November 2019

Fundamentally, Irian Barat (Papua) dispute between The Netherlands Indonesia was a territorial conflict or an overlapping claim. The Netherlands as the former colonialist did not want to leave Irian Barat (Papua) or remained still in the region, meanwhile Indonesia as the former colony denied the Netherlands status quo policy in Irian Barat (Papua). Potential dispute of the Irian Barat (Papua) was begun in the Round Table Conference (RTC) 1949. There was a point of agreement in RTC which regulates status quo on Irian Barat (Papua) and it was approved by Head of Indonesia Delegation, Mohammad Hatta and Van Maarseven, Head of the Netherlands Delegation. As a mandate of the RTC in 1950s there was a diplomacy on Irian Barat (Papua) in Jakarta and Den Haag. Upon the diplomacy, there were two negotiations held by diplomats of both countries, yet it never reached a result. As a consequence, in 1954 Indonesia Government decided to stop the negotiation and searched for other ways as a solution for the dispute. At the present time, Jakarta-Papua relationship is relatively better and it is based on a special autonomy, which gives great authority to the Local Government of Papua.
Blueprint for a New Democracy
Authors: Irwanto Eristya Puspitadewi
Published: November 2019

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Othering the minority: Comparative Study of Papua Ethnic in Indonesia and Rohingnya Ethnic In Myanmar During Military Rule
Authors: Anugrah Insan Praditya
Published: November 2019

The paper examines the comparative study of subaltern between Papua in Indonesia’s New Order era and Rohingya in Myanmar during military rule. In Indonesia, the Papuan case is an example of how the centralistic military regime treats Papuan ethnic as an object and treats them as “the others” rather than considers them as a part of the “Indonesian entity” as the subject itself. Meanwhile, in Myanmar, Rohingya case is an example of how the centralistic military junta regime treats Rohingya ethnic as “the others” and considers them as foreigners in Myanmar. This paper found a significant difference between the treatment of the Indonesian military regime towards Papuan ethnic and the treatment of the Myanmar military junta regime towards Rohingya ethnic. In Indonesia, the military regime acknowledges Papuan as a citizen of Indonesia. However, the regime considers Papuan as the “different other” nonetheless. Their different race and ethnicity from Java and Malay ethnic as the majority ethnic are not the subjects of the cause, yet it is caused by Papuan traditional behavior which is regarded as “backward” as by the central regime. Meanwhile in Myanmar, since the enforcement of citizenship law in 1982, the military regime clearly does not acknowledge Rohingya from state citizenship because of their identities, such as religion and Rohingya's historical background.
PERCOBAAN PENGISIAN-PENGELUARAN HIDROGEN SEBUAH TANGKI SIMPAN HIDROGEN PADAT[Research of Charging-Discharging Hydrogen of Solid Hyrogen Storage Tan]
Authors: Suwarno Hadi
Published: November 2019

Intisari Menyimpan hidrogen dalam bentuk padat sebagai paduan metal hidrid merupakan metoda baru untuk keperluan bahan bakar kendaraan transportasi karena memiliki densitas yang lebih besar. Sebuah tangki simpan hidrogen dengan volume sekitar 1 liter berisi serbuk nano partikel Mg2Ti5Fe6 sekitar 700 gram telah dirakit menjadi satu kesatuan dan diuji unjuk kerjanya serta dibandingkan dengan tangki kosong bervolume yang sama. Pengisian dan pengeluaran hidrogen ke dalam/luar tangki dilakukan pada suhu kamar dengan tekanan bervariasi 2, 6,5, dan 8 bar. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa rasio kapasitas serapan hidrogen tangki berisi serbuk nano partikel Mg2Ti5Fe6 terhadap tangki kosong berturut-turut 1,3, 2,3, dan 2,8. Percobaan serapan hidrogen pada tekanan lebih tinggi tidak dapat dilakukan karena keterbatasan sarana, namun apabila tekanan dalam tangki diperbesar, maka kapasitas serapan hidrogen masih akan bertambah. Dari penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa percobaan awal penyimpanan-pengeluaran hidrogen padat dari tangki telah berhasil baik. Penelitian lanjutan dalam bentuk pemanfaatannya di fuel cell sedang direncanakan.Kata kunci: Nano Partikel, Metal hidrid, Hydrogen Storage, Pengisian-pengeluaran. Abstract Storing hydrogen in the form of metal-hydride is one of the most promising fuels for transport vehicles because of its high gravimetric density. A solid hydrogen storage tank with the volume of tank about one liter containing about 700 g of nano powders Mg2Ti5Fe6 alloy has been fabricated for performing the hydrogen charging-discharging cycles. Charging-discharging of hydrogen into/out from the tank is conducted at room temperature at the varied pressure of 2, 6.5 and 8 bars. It is exhibited that the ratio of hydrogen capacity of the tank containing Mg2Ti5Fe6 nano particle to the empty tank is 1.3, 2.3, and 2.8, respectively. Charging experiment at higher pressure could not be conducted due to the limit of facility. It is predicted that at higher pressure the hydrogen capacity of the tank will be increased. From the experimental results it is concluded that the preliminary study on charging-discharging solid state hydrogen has been done successfully. Further examination in the form of its application in the fuel cell is being scheduled. Keyword: Nano Particle, Metal hydrid, Hydrogen Storage, Charging-discharging.
Sintesis Kalium Magnesium Posfat Melalui Metoda Mekanokimia untuk Aplikasi sebagai Pupuk Slow Release[MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF POTASSIUM MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE FOR APPLICATION AS SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER MATERIAL[Mechanochemical Synthesis of Potassium Magnesium Phosphate for Application as Slow Release Fertilizer Material]
Authors: Solihin Solihin
Published: November 2019

SINTESIS KALIUM MAGNESIUM POSFAT MELALUI METODA MEKANOKIMIA UNTUKAPLIKASI SEBAGAI PUPUK SLOW RELEASE.. Material yang bersifat slow release dapat digunakansebagai pupuk slow release, yakni jenis baru dimana pelepasan elemennya dapat diturunkan. Salah satu pupukslow release adalah potassium magnesium phosphate (KMgPO4). Analisa XRD terhadap material inimenunjukan bahwa kemurnian material ini cukup tinggi, hanya fasa KMgPO4 yang dapat dideteksi dalamsampel material ini. Analysis FTIR menunjukan bahwa teknik mekanokimia cukup berhasil untuk mensintesamaterial in. Analisa DTA menunjukan bahwa material ini stabil dari perubahan temperatur. Analisa morfologimenunjukan bahwa partikel yang tergranulasi memiliki ukuran sekitar 100 mikron. Dibanding dengan pupukbiasa yang nutriennya cepat larut, nutrien yang terlarut dari pupuk jenis slow release dapat diturunkan menjadisekitar 32-33, 22-24, and 0,1-0,7 %, untuk masing-masing potassium, phosphate and magnesium. Hasil ujileaching menunjukan bahwa material ini dapat digolongkan sebagai material yang bersifat slow release.
Bond strength to ZLS ceramics at different etching times and cementation protocols after aging
Authors: Thiesen Kevelin Poliana Palma Rigo , De Souza Maria Daniela Basso , Schmitt Vera Lucia , Nahsan Flávia Pardo Salata , Naufel Fabiana Scarparo
Published: November 2019

Objective: To assess the influence of 5% hydrofluoric acid etching time (ET), cementation protocol (CP), and thermal cycling (TC) aging on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS) to adhesive resin cement. Material and Methods: Ten VITA Suprinity® ceramic blocks were cut in 120 slices (1.4 mm thickness) and randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 10) according to the combination of factors (2x3x2 design): etching time (20 or 30 s), cementation protocol (silane + universal adhesive + resin cement; universal adhesive + resin cement; silane + resin cement) and thermal cycling (cycled or no-cycled). RelyX Ceramic Primer and Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive were used respectively as silane (S) and universal adhesive (Ua). Ceramic surface was etched, and the cementation protocol performed on the delimited bonding area. Then, resin cement (RelyX™ Ultimate Cement [Rc]) cylinders were bonded and light cured. After, specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 7 days and subjected to the µSBS test. Results: Data passed the normality test and three-way ANOVA analysis showed statistical difference (p<0.01) for isolated; double (ET/TC) (p<0.05), and triple (p<0.05) factor interactions. Conclusion: The combination 30s etching-Ua-Rc presented higher adhesive bond strength after thermal aging.
CARTOGRAFIA DE CINEMA EM RIO DOCE/CDU
Authors: Costa Maria Helena Braga e Vaz da
Published: November 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as capacidades espaciais e cartográficas das imagens cinematográficas, particularmente as produzidas pelo cinema pernambucano contemporâneo. Discutindo sobre uma “cartografia cinematográfica”, que permite a compreensão e a análise crítica de uma representação cinematográfica espacial específica, este artigo analisa a cartografia cinematográfica construída pelo documentário do filme Rio Doce / CDU (2013), escrito e dirigido por Adelina Pontual. Por meio da análise do discurso fílmico, chegou-se à conclusão de que a geografia que se materializa a partir desse filme é uma geografia da representação da experiência espacial produzida e vivenciada por um tipo de cartografia que se constitui a partir de ambas existências: real e fílmica.
VOLUNTARIOS CONTRA LA REPÚBLICA: EL REQUETÉ ALAVÉS
Authors: RUIZ LLANO GERMÁN
Published: November 2019

En la década de los años 30 del siglo XX, Álava era una provincia española mayoritariamente agrícola y con una población profundamente católica, con una escasa violencia sociopolítica y altos niveles de distribución de la propiedad. Sin embargo, en julio de 1936, se convirtió en una de las provincias con un mayor porcentaje de población masculina alistada voluntariamente para combatir contra la II República. El porqué y el cómo de aquella parte de la movilización antirrepublicana, proveniente sobre todo del mundo rural tradicional, centran el presente artículo.