bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Daily Positive Events to Improve Emotional and Functional Well-Being in Adults With Fibromyalgia: Insights From the LARKSPUR Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ong Anthony , Wilcox Kenneth , Reid M Carrington , Wethington Elaine , Cintron Dakota , Addington Elizabeth , Goktas Selin , Moskowitz Judith
Published: September 2024

Background

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties, affecting individuals across all age groups. Positive affect (PA) interventions have shown promise in enhancing emotional well-being and pain management in patients with diverse chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of internet-delivered PA interventions for individuals with fibromyalgia remains understudied.

Objective

This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of a web-based PA regulation intervention—Lessons in Affect Regulation to Keep Stress and Pain Under Control (LARKSPUR)—in enhancing emotional and functional well-being among adults with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Methods

A total of 95 participants with fibromyalgia syndrome aged 50 years and older (89/95, 94% female) were randomized to one of two fully automated conditions: (1) LARKSPUR (n=49) or (2) emotion reporting/attention control (n=46). At the postintervention and 1-month follow-up time points, participants completed 7 consecutive, end-of-day, web-based reports capturing positive events (PE), pain, fatigue, PA, and negative affect.

Results

Compared to control, LARKSPUR resulted in greater improvements in daily affective responsivity to PE at the postintervention time point, including greater reductions in negative affect (bL–bC=–0.06, 95% highest posterior density interval [HPD] –0.10 to –0.02) and increases in PA (bL–bC=0.10, 95% HPD 0.02-0.19). Furthermore, across the postintervention and 1-month follow-up time points, LARKSPUR led to greater reductions in pain (bL–bC=–0.20, 95% HPD –0.36 to –0.04) and fatigue (bL–bC=–0.24, 95% HPD –0.41 to –0.06) following PE.

Conclusions

This randomized controlled trial provides initial evidence that a web-based PA skills intervention can enhance emotional well-being and reduce pain and fatigue in aging adults with fibromyalgia.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04869345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04869345
Factors Influencing Malnutrition Among Older Adult Residents in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Sex Differential Study
Authors: Ghabashi Mai Adil , Azzeh Firas Sultan
Published: September 2024

Background

The global population of older adults is on the rise. As people age, their physical functions gradually decline, leading to a decrease in the overall functioning of different organ systems. Due to these changes, older individuals are at a higher risk of encountering various adverse health outcomes and complications, such as malnutrition.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among older adults dwelling in the western region of Saudi Arabia. We have analyzed these factors separately for both men and women to understand any potential sex differences.

Methods

A nonrandomized cross-sectional study was conducted for older adults aged ≥60 years in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Personal information was obtained through a closed questionnaire. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form was used to determine the malnutrition status of older adults. Consequently, the individuals were divided into 2 groups: normal and malnourished. To assess the risk factors related to malnutrition, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were determined using a binary logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition in men and women was around 7% and 5%, respectively. Potential risk factors related to malnutrition in men were higher age (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.086-1.468; P=.002), being widowed (OR 8.392, 95% CI 1.002-70.258; P=.049), and having dental problems (OR 9.408, 95% CI 1.863-47.514; P=.007). On the other hand, risk factors associated with malnutrition in women were lower BMI (OR 0.843, 95% CI 0.747-0.952; P=.006) and being disabled (OR 18.089, 95% CI 0.747-0.952; P=.006).

Conclusions

The findings of this study provide important insights into the risk factors for malnutrition among older adults in the western region of Saudi Arabia. While the overall prevalence of malnutrition was relatively low, the analysis revealed distinct risk factors for older men and women. Interventions developed based on the identified risk factors may prove effective in addressing the issue of malnutrition within this population.
Psychological Health and Wellness and the Impact of a Supportive Text Messaging Program (Wellness4MDs) Among Physicians and Medical Learners in Canada: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shalaby Reham , Agyapong Belinda , Dias Raquel , Obuobi-Donkor Gloria , Adu Medard K , Spicer Sharron , Yanchar Natalie L , Agyapong Vincent I O
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Burnout, anxiety, and depression continue to affect physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students globally and in Canada particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The primary goal of this project is to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate a daily supportive SMS text messaging program (Wellness4MDs, Global Psychological e-Health Foundation). The program aims to reduce the prevalence and severity of burnout, anxiety, and depression symptoms among physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students in Canada.

METHODS

This longitudinal study represents a multistakeholder, mixed methods, multiyear implementation science project. Project evaluation will be conducted through a quantitative prospective longitudinal approach using a paired sample comparison, a naturalistic cross-sectional controlled design, and satisfaction surveys. Prevalence estimates for psychological problems would be based on baseline data from self-completed validated rating scales. Additional data will be collected at designated time points for paired comparison. Outcome measures will be assessed using standardized rating scales, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout symptoms, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression symptoms, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale for anxiety symptoms, and the World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Index.

RESULTS

The project launched in the last quarter of 2023, and program evaluation results will become available within 36 months. The Wellness4MDs program is expected to reduce the prevalence and severity of psychological problems among physicians in Canada and achieve high subscriber satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

The results from the Wellness4MDs project evaluation will provide key information regarding the effectiveness of daily supportive SMS text messages and links to mental health resources on these mental health parameters in Canadian physicians, postgraduate trainees, and medical students. Information will be useful for informing policy and decision-making concerning psychological interventions for physicians in Canada.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/44368
Health Behaviors, Mental Wellbeing, and Blood Pressure Outcomes After a Digitally-Enabled Preventative Health Program: A Pre-Post Study in a Dutch Working Population (Preprint)
Authors: Maxey Veronica , Jansen Kim , Gannamani Rahul , Folkertsma Pytrik , Alghannam Abdullah , van Dam Sipko , Castela Forte José
Published: September 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Research letter - no abstract
A patient-centered risk prediction, prevention and intervention platform to support the continuum of care in coronary artery disease using eHealth and artificial intelligence: The TIMELY Randomized controlled trial protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Habibovic Mirela , Douma Emma , Schäfer Hendrik , Sestayo-Fernandez Manuela , Roovers Tom , Sun Xin , Schmidt Henrik , Kotewitsch mona , Widdershoven Jos , Cantarero-Prieto David , Mooren Frank , Pena-Gil Carlos , Gonzales-Juanatey Jose , Schmidt Martin , Malberg Hagen , Tsakanikas vasillis , Fotiadis Dimitrios , Gatsios Dimitris , Bosch Jos , Kop Willem Johan , Schmitz Boris
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs show promising results in tertiary prevention. However, sustained behavioral changes remain a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

The TIMELY project aims to develop and evaluate a personalized artificial intelligence-driven eHealth platform and app to support sustainable behaviour change after CR and subsequently reduce the cardiac risk score.

METHODS

An international multicenter randomized controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the TIMELY integrated platform and app. A total of 360 cardiac patients will be enrolled across three centers in Germany, Spain and The Netherlands. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to either the active intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will receive behavior change support through the TIMELY app, supported by the integrated platform, along with monitoring devices. Both groups will continue to receive care as usual, complete validated questionnaires, undergo physical tests, and provide blood samples. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3, 6, and 12-months follow up.

RESULTS

The primary outcomes will be: (1) the cardiac Coropredict risk score, which integrates various blood-based cardiac risk markers, and (2) function fitness level measured by the 6-miute walk test. Secondary outcomes include physical activity during daily life, cardiovascular exercise tolerance, dietary habits, body weight, smoking status, medication adherence, and perceived stress levels.

CONCLUSIONS

This project will test a personalized platform and app, supported by artificial intelligence, designed to support health behavior change following CR. Multiple health behaviors will be addressed, with a main focus physical activity and fitness levels using an integrated approach.

CLINICALTRIAL

The TIMELY trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05955625).
Economic valuation of cultural ecosystem services: A case of tropical reservoir ecosystem
Authors:   Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Meharoof M. , Yadav V.K. ,   Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Sharma A. ,   Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Anitha V. ,   Forest Economics Department, KSCSTE-Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur-680 653, India, Paul T.T. ,   Reservoir and Wetland Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin-682 018, India, Paul L. ,   Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Dave C.P. ,   Fisheries Economics, Extension and Statistics Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study analyzes the economic value of ecotourism in the Peechi reservoir of Kerala, focusing on cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by the reservoir. Methodology: Consumer surplus of visitors visiting the reservoir was estimated using travel cost methodology, employing both primary and secondary data collection methods. Results: Peechi reservoir attracts an average of 165,061 visitors annually, generating revenue of ₹29,03,631.88 and ₹3,35,434.38 as entry and parking fees, respectively. Applying travel cost methodology, the total economic value of ecotourism at Peechiwas estimated at ₹32,39,066.25 per year. The estimated potential economic value of the Peechi reservoir was ₹120,309,765 with a consumer surplus of ₹757.58. Interpretation: The CES offered by the reservoir ecosystem have not received enough attention. Recognizing the intrinsic value of these under appreciated services can serve as a powerful catalyst for their conservation, fostering a cycle of awareness, informed decision making, and responsible tourism, ultimately paving the path towards sustainable development. Key words: Cultural ecosystem services, Ecotourism, Monetary valuation, Reservoir, Travel cost method
Influence of different stocking densities of pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) on plankton diversity indices of biofilm-based rearing system
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Latur-413 517, India, Yadav S.R. , Chavan B.R. ,   Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Ratnagiri-415 629, India, Chadha N.K. ,   Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Bodake P.S. ,   Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712, India, Krishnani K.K. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (Deemed to be University), Ranchi-834 003, India, Sawant P.B. ,   Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400 061, India, Bhosle R. ,   Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Latur-413 517, India
Published: September 2024

Aim: Biofilm-based aquaculture systems, proven cost-effective, reduce the need for expensive supplementary feed. The biofilm acts as a natural planktonic food source for reared organisms. Previous research highlighted the influence of fish stocking density and biomass on plankton diversity in different aquaculture settings, underscoring the significance of these factors in biofilm-based systems. Hence, the present study attempted to understand how varying stocking densities of pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) influence plankton diversity indices in the biofilm-based aquaculture system. Methodology: The present experiment was designed in 5 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU) brackishwater with soil-bottomed FRP circular (500 L) tanks for 60 days. The sugarcane bagasse was used as a substrate forbiofilm production after fertilization with cow dung, urea, and lime. Fries of pearlspot (4.67 ± 0.04 mm 1.71 ± 0.03 g-1) were stocked at four different stocking densities in triplicates viz T1 (50 nos); T2 (100 nos), T3 (150 nos) and T4 (200 nos) ﬁsh fry m-3 in the biofilm-based rearing system. Plankton samples were collected from water and biofilm deposited on the substrate and analyzed for diversity indices. The Shannon Diversity Index, Simpson Diversity Index, Simpson Dominance Index, and Margalef Richness Index were used to compute the plankton diversity indices in different treatments using standard equations. Results: In the current investigation, lower stocking densities with lower fish biomass were associated with significantly higher (P≤0.05) Shannon Diversity Index, Simpson Diversity Index, and Margalef Richness Index in water. In contrast, the Simpson Dominance Index in water showed a significantly lower (P≤0.05) value for treatments with lower fish biomass than for treatments with higher biomass. Interpretation: The values obtained for various diversity indices indicated that a biofilm-rearing system with lower E. suratensis biomass produced more planktonic abundance, evenness, and species richness. Key words: Biofilm, Pearlspot, Plankton diversity, Stocking density
Performance of tomato cultivars grafted on root-knot nematode resistant Solanum torvum rootstock for growth and yield parameters
Authors:   Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad– 500 030, India, Sindhuja K. , Mallesh S. ,   Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad– 500 030, India, Holajjer P. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Hyderabad-500 030, India, Jyothi G. ,   Horticultural Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Konda Mallepalley– 508 243, India, Praneeth S. ,   Scientist, Floricultural Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad– 500 030, India
Published: September 2024

Aim: To study the grafting of tomato cultivars on root-knot nematode resistant Solanum torvum for plant growth, yield parameters and nematode damage under polyhouse conditions. Methodology: Three tomato cultivars viz., Arka Samrat, Saaho and SVTD8323 were grafted on Meloidogyne incognita-resistant S. torvum Sw. (IC618029) by cleft grafting technique. The experiment was conducted in a polyhouse using factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with two factors. The first factor was planting material with grafted and non-grafted tomato cultivars. The second factor was with and without nematode infestation. Observations on plant growth and yield parameters were taken. Results: Grafted and non-grafted tomato cultivars differed significantly in terms of flowering and yield parameters and nematode damage. Under nematode-infested conditions, grafted cultivars yielded significantly more number of flowers per cluster (4.22 to 4.47), flower clusters per plant (11.25 to 11.63), fruits per cluster (3.74 to 4.19), higher percentage of fruit set (89.78 to 94.00) and fruit yield per plant (2,984.6 to 3114.36 g), with less nematode damage (10.60 to 11.53 galls per root system) as compared to non-grafted cultivars (302.53 to 314.33 galls per root system). Interpretation: Tomato grafting with S. torvum rootstock can be utilized in root-knot nematode management, especially in protected cultivation. Key words: Meloidogyne incognita, Nematodes, Rootstock, Tomato grafting, Wild brinjal
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population dynamics of Nilaparvata lugens in the middle Gangetic Plains of India
Authors:   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj-224 229, India, Sharma K.R. , Raju S.V.S. ,   Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India, Singh S.K. ,   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj-224 229, India, Singh R. ,   Department of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, India, Chandra U. ,   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj-224 229, India, Dalal P.K. ,   Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj-224 229, India, Kumar R. ,   Department of Entomology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur-342 304, India
Published: September 2024

Aim: To investigate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population dynamics of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the middle Gangetic plains of India. Methodology: Field trials were conducted in the middle Gangetic plains of India at Agricultural Research Farm, B.H.U., Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 on the variety Swarna sub-1 to study the population dynamics and certain biotic and abiotic interaction with brown planthopper. Results: During Kharif 2018 and 2019, the highest mean number of brown planthopper population (45.00 ± 2.31 and 39.33 ±1.82 nos., respectively) were recorded during September in both seasons. Abiotic factors such as rainfall (r = - 0.556), relative humidity in the morning (r = 0.476), maximum temperature (r = 0.511), and sunshine hour (r = - 0.546) influenced planthopper population dynamics, and predictions were made with reasonable accuracy (R2 = 0.89) using the principal component regression analysis technique. Crop phenology was the most influential biotic factor on pest population density. The crop's booting stage had the highest incidence of planthoppers. Three different predatory populations (wolf spider, damselfly and ladybird beetle) were observed to feed on planthoppers in Kharif 2018 and four different predatory populations (wolf spider, damselfly, ladybird beetle and green mirid bug) were observed to feed on planthoppers in Kharif 2019, resulting in a reduction in crop pest density. Interpretation: These findings can be used to develop the precise management strategies for brown planthopper in the rice ecosystem. Key words: Abiotic, Biotic factors, Brown planthopper, Crop phenology, Middle Gangetic Plains, Natural enemies, Rice
Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene in water pipe smokers of rural Western Uttar Pradesh (India)
Authors:   Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250 004, India, Verma Y. , Vashistha L.M. ,   Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250 004, India, Suaib Mohd. ,   Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250 004, India, Rana S.V.S. ,   Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut-250 004, India
Published: September 2024

Aim: Present study was performed to investigate the possible human exposure to benzene through water pipe smoking, if any, in the selected rural population of Western Uttar Pradesh. Methodology: Urine samples from water pipe smokers of both the sexes were collected and analyzed for urinary concentration of phenol, creatinine and malondialdehyde employing standard methods. Results: The results showed that tobacco used by selected rural population contained traces of benzene in the range of 2.75 to 9.682µl ml-1. Analysis of urine samples for phenol, a major metabolite of benzene, showed its increased concentrations in water pipe smokers than non smokers. Further, the effects of age and gender differences on the excretion of phenol were also recorded. Female water pipe smokers were found to be more vulnerable to benzene exposure than male smokers. Intriguingly, alcoholic water pipe smokers were less vulnerable than the non-alcoholic smokers. Interpretation: It is concluded that respiratory, cardiac and haematological disorders caused by water pipe smoking might be attributed to long term benzene exposure amongst water pipe smokers. Large scale epidemiological studies are warranted in Indian rural population considering WHO (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) regulations of water pipe smoking and tobacco products. Key words: Biological monitoring, Benzene, Oxidative stress, Phenol, Tobacco, Waterpipe smoking
Comunicação e uma poética do erotismo: de Hilda Hilst a Eduardo Nunes
Authors:   , Macedo Tatiana Aparecida Veronezzi de
Published: September 2024

Este estudo tem como questão norteadora a compreensão sobre o modo como o cineasta Eduardo Nunes, em seu filme Unicórnio (2018), comunica a narrativa poética de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), com enfoque no erotismo. Para tanto, o corpus envolve as obras de Hilda Hilst, O Unicórnio e Matamoros, e o filme de Eduardo Nunes, o Unicórnio, em confluência com fragmentos biográficos da escritora, coletados de uma série de entrevistas organizadas por Diniz (2018), entre outras informações secundárias. A partir das proposituras de Silva (2007-2010), compreendemos o erotismo como uma forma específica de comunicação, apoiando-nos também em Bataille (2021). O objetivo deste estudo é o de discutir como Nunes dialogou com a obra de Hilst, por meio de um processo aparentemente antropofágico. Para responder a esta pergunta, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, assim como uma análise, na qual se realiza uma leitura do filme, buscando apreender elementos resultantes dos processos dialógicos operados por Nunes, sobretudo a partir dos aspectos eróticos presentes nos textos de Hilda e no filme do cineasta. Assim, consideramos a perspectiva da antropofagia como um possível método (SILVA; PICHIGUELLI, 2020; CASTRO e SILVA, 2022) utilizado por Nunes. A justificativa deste trabalho como contribuição à área da comunicação está em se pensar a poética de Nunes como um processo comunicacional, antropófago, o que significa uma contribuição incremental para o estudo das narrativas midiáticas. Também se justifica por contribuir no debate sobre a importância do poético para os processos comunicacionais, trazendo luzes a uma autora que, por razões diversas, tem sido continuamente negligenciada. Consideramos que Nunes coloca-se como artista-antropófago e nos convida a uma experiência de uma comunicação erótica-antropofágica com Hilda Hilst, por meio da narrativa cinematográfica.
The perpetuation of stratification in market environments - markets and corporate power, institutions, and complex systems dynamics
Authors: Schwardt Henning
Published: September 2024

We consider how market environments can perpetuate the stratification of
societies and economies. Markets are sets of institutions. These
institutions are emergent outcomes of interactions in ongoing socio-economic
processes. They entail societies? rules, norms and values; and market
environments and agents? behavior therein will reflect them. Markets are
also complex systems. Complex systems dynamics allow us to identify
additional endogenous mechanisms contributing to the perpetuation of
stratified structures in market economies. In capitalism?s drive towards
concentration and centralization, and the concomitant consolidation of
corporate power, further factors leading to stratified socio-economic
outcomes emerge. We formulate policy considerations based on the analytical
results presented. One focus is what measures may help reduce stratification
and change the dynamics that reconstitute it. The other focus draws on the
fact that policies are an output of the system, which means that changes to
the structure itself may have to be required to advance changes that can
have an equitable impact.
Are All Pictures Worth 1,000 Words? An Investigation of Fit Between Graph Type and Performance on Accounting Data Analytics Tasks
Authors: Granitto Shawn P. , Murthy Uday S.
Published: September 2024

Despite the increasing prevalence of the use of data analytics and visualizations in accounting settings, little is known about the relative effectiveness of different visualization formats for tasks such as those involving comparisons over time and those involving evaluations of whole-part compositions. In this study, we examine if there is a difference in decision efficiency and effectiveness between bar and line graphs for a comparison task and between pie and stacked column graphs for a compositional task. We also examine if the component complexity of graphs affects performance. We find that line graphs result in significantly greater decision sensitivity (ability to identify true positives) than bar graphs on comparison tasks regardless of the degree of component complexity. We also find that bar graphs result in significantly greater decision specificity (ability to identify true negatives) and overall accuracy.
Selective Reduction of Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β)-Derived Lipid Signaling From Macrophages Mitigates Type 1 Diabetes Development
Authors: Almutairi Abdulaziz , White Tayleur D. , Stephenson Daniel J. , Stephenson Benjamin D. , Gai-Tusing Ying , Goel Paran , Phillips Daniel W. , Welner Robert S. , Lei Xiaoyong , Hammock Bruce D. , Chalfant Charles E. , Ramanadham Sasanka
Published: September 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a consequence of autoimmune destruction of β-cells, and macrophages (MΦs) have a central role in initiating processes that lead to β-cell demise. We reported that Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β)–derived lipid (iDL) signaling contributes to β-cell death. Because MΦs express iPLA2β, we assessed its role in T1D development. We find that selective reduction of myeloid-iPLA2β in spontaneously diabetes-prone NOD mice 1) decreases proinflammatory eicosanoid production by MΦs, 2) favors the anti-inflammatory (M2-like) MΦ phenotype, and 3) diminishes activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells phenotype in the pancreatic infiltrate, prior to T1D onset. These outcomes are associated with a significant reduction in T1D. Further, inhibition of select proinflammatory lipid signaling pathways reduces M1-like MΦ polarization and adoptive transfer of M2-like MΦs reduces NOD T1D incidence, suggesting a mechanism by which iDLs impact T1D development. These findings identify MΦ-iPLA2β as a critical contributor to T1D development and potential target to counter T1D onset.

Article Highlights
Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Highlights Causal Relationships Between Circulating INHBC and Multiple Cardiometabolic Diseases and Traits
Authors: Loh Nellie Y. , Rosoff Daniel B. , Richmond Rebecca , Noordam Raymond , Smith George Davey , Ray David , Karpe Fredrik , Lohoff Falk W. , Christodoulides Constantinos
Published: September 2024

Human genetic and transgenic mouse studies have highlighted a potential liver-adipose tissue endocrine axis, involving activin C (Act-C) and/or Act-E and ALK7, influencing fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the bidirectional effects between circulating INHBC, which homodimerizes into Act-C, and adiposity traits, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cardiometabolic disease risk. Additionally, we examined whether Act-C is an ALK7 ligand in human adipocytes. We used Mendelian randomization and in vitro studies in immortalized human abdominal and gluteal adipocytes. Circulating INHBC was causally linked to reduced lower-body fat, dyslipidemia, and increased risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Conversely, upper-body fat distribution, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, subclinical inflammation, and type 2 diabetes positively impacted plasma INHBC levels. Mechanistically, an atherogenic lipid profile may partly explain the INHBC-CAD link, while inflammation and hypertriglyceridemia may partly explain how adiposity traits affect circulating INHBC. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization showed weak causal relationships between higher plasma INHBC and impaired kidney function and higher gout risk. In human adipocytes, recombinant Act-C activated SMAD2/3 signaling via ALK7 and suppressed lipolysis. In summary, INHBC influences systemic metabolism by activating ALK7 in adipose tissue and may serve as a drug target for atherogenic dyslipidemia, CAD, and NAFLD.

Article Highlights
Comparison of the Efficacy of Type 2 Diabetes Group Training Courses With and Without the Integration of mHealth Support in a Controlled Trial Setting: Results of a Comparative Pilot Study
Authors: Roth Melanie , Bodenhofer Johanna , Fischill-Neudeck Magdalena , Roth Caroline , Domhardt Michael , Emsenhuber Gerlinde , Grabner Babette , Oostingh Gertie J. , Schuster Anja
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study assessed the effects on type 2 diabetes self-management education provided in group courses with or without a supporting smartphone application (the DM2CUA app).

Research Design and Methods

This open-label, cluster-randomized, controlled, multicenter pilot study involved three Austrian diabetes educational group courses. People with type 2 diabetes in the control group received a regular educational group course, whereas those in the intervention group received the same course plus the use of the DM2CUA app. The app prompted participants to carry out educational tasks that were discussed in the course. After the last lesson, the app provided participants with relevant messages for another 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire score assessed at four time points. Secondary outcome measures included scores on the Diabetes Distress Scale and the Health Education Impact Questionnaire and A1C levels.

Results

Participants in the intervention group already had a higher level of diabetes self-management at the start, but the median score showed further improvement during the entire study period.

Conclusion

Findings from this pilot study suggest that the DM2CUA app may have a positive impact on diabetes self-management.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Type 2 Diabetes Group Training Courses With and Without the Integration of mHealth Support in a Controlled Trial Setting: Results of a Comparative Pilot Study
Authors: Roth Melanie , Bodenhofer Johanna , Fischill-Neudeck Magdalena , Roth Caroline , Domhardt Michael , Emsenhuber Gerlinde , Grabner Babette , J. Oostingh Gertie , Schuster Anja
Published: September 2024

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the effects on type 2 diabetes self-management education provided in group courses with or without an supporting smartphone application (the DM2CUA app).

Research Design and Methods. This open-label, cluster-randomized, controlled, multicenter pilot study involved three Austrian diabetes educational group courses. People with type 2 diabetes in the control group received a regular educational group course, whereas those in the intervention group received the same course plus the use of the DM2CUA app. The app prompted participants to carry out educational tasks that were discussed in the course. After the last lesson, the app provided participants with relevant messages for another 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire score assessed at four time points. Secondary outcome measures included scores on the Diabetes Distress Scale and the Health Education Impact Questionnaire and A1C levels.

Results. Participants in the intervention group already had a higher level of diabetes self-management at the start, but the median score showed further improvement during the entire study period.

Conclusion. Findings from this pilot study suggest that the DM2CUA app may have a positive impact on diabetes self-management.
Majocchi’s Granuloma with Epidermal Cysts due to Trichophyton rubrum: Ultrastructural Observations
Authors: Tani Naomi , Yamada Nanako , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi , Yamamoto Osamu
Published: September 2024

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Video-assisted Cooperative Physical Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Achievement
Authors: Yudaparmita Gusti Ngurah Arya , Parwata I Gusti Lanang Agung , Sudiana I Ketut , Dharmadi Made Agus
Published: September 2024

The lecture method, which focuses too much on theoretical knowledge, fails to provide opportunities for students to practice healthy living and safety skills, which should be the core of health education. This leads to the diversity of student learning achievements. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Collaborative Teamwork Learning-based physical education learning model assisted by learning videos on student learning achievement. The subjects involved in this study amounted to 40 students. This type of research is experimental research, with the research design used as a quasi-experiment called nonequivalent posttest-only control group design. The data collection methods used include observation, questionnaires, and tests, while the instrument used is a learning achievement test. After the data is collected, it is analyzed using the data analysis method used in this research including descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that the physical education learning model based on Collaborative Teamwork Learning with the help of learning videos proved to influence learning achievement. Therefore, it can be concluded that this model can be one of the solutions in the physical education learning process. The development of this learning model is expected to positively contribute to improving student learning achievement, understanding, and leadership skills in physical education courses. The Collaborative Teamwork Learning-based physical education learning model with the help of learning videos is one alternative that can be used to increase the effectiveness of physical education learning.
Heat E-Teaching Material Assisted by Augmented Reality and CTL Model to Promote Students' 4C Skills
Authors: Hayatur Ridha  , Febrian Virijai  , Asrizal
Published: September 2024

The 21st century requires students to adapt and utilize the growing sophistication of technology. The expected 21st century learning is 4C skills to face global challenges. Students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills in physics learning are still low. The solution to the problem is that students need more interactive teaching media in order to increase interest in learning, digital teaching materials with Augmented Reality integrated CTL models are the solution to the problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs analysis, validity and practicality of using digital teaching materials with AR integrated with CTL models to improve students' critical and creative thinking skills. This type of research is Research and Development with the Hannafin and Peck development model. Data collection instruments include needs analysis instruments, validation questionnaire sheets and practicality questionnaire sheets. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative statistics. Based on the data analyzed, there are three research results. First, the results of needs analysis research which stated that students' critical and creative thinking was still low. Second, the results of product validation with the valid category. Third, the results of product practicality with a very practical category. It is concluded that electronic teaching materials for heat assisted by Augmented Reality and CTL models can be used in learning. Research implications, with electronic teaching materials assisted by AR CTL model, teachers are expected to be able to motivate, guide and direct students in building 4C skills.
Literacy and Numeracy Questions Based on Minimum Competency Assessments to Improve the Competency of Private High School Teachers
Authors: Hari Sugiharto Setyaedhi
Published: September 2024

Teachers at one of the private high schools are not yet skilled in preparing AKM-based literacy and numeracy questions. This research aims to test the feasibility and effectiveness of developing AKM-based literacy and numeracy questions.  The feasibility test uses validation from evaluation experts, teaching materials and language, while the effectiveness test uses the t-test of the average pre-test and post-test scores. The research subjects were 80 private high school teachers in Surakarta. The experimental design in this research uses a Pre-Experimental design with a Pretest Posttest One Group Design design model. Data collection methods use observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. This research uses an additive model. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively qualitatively based on the validator's suggestions. Data analysis using SPSS.  The results of the feasibility test validation show that there is a significant difference between the average pretest and posttest scores for literacy and numeracy. The conclusion of this research is that the development of AKM-based questions has proven to be feasible and effective in improving the competence of private high school teachers in Surakarta. The implication of this research is increasing teacher competence in developing literacy and numeracy-based questions. The implications of this research are This assessment provides clear guidance on areas that require special attention, so that training and professional development can be focused on addressing deficiencies.
Spelling Bees for Improving Students' Pronunciation Skills
Authors: Huda Nurul , Hidayati  , Edi  , Hudri M , Ilham  , Olatunji Olusola
Published: September 2024

Correct pronunciation is a crucial aspect of learning English that is often challenging for many students. Traditional methods of teaching pronunciation usually need to be more interesting and exciting for students, so a more innovative and interactive approach is required. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Spelling Bee in improving students' speaking pronunciation. This quantitative method uses quasi-experimental research applied to ninth-grade junior high school students. This research uses an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group consisted of 22 students of 10 men and 12 women, while the control group consisted of 22 students of 13 men and 9 women. In collecting data, pretest and posttest were used to determine the improvement in students' speaking pronunciation. The data analysis technique uses inferential statistical analysis. The research results show that the Spelling Bee can be an effective strategy in helping EFL students improve their pronunciation skills. This research implies that research contributes to improving the quality of English language teaching and learning and the development of professionalism of teaching staff in the language field.
Android Application as an Innovative Learning Media: Increasing Students' Historical Empathy Through the History of the Balinese Kingdom
Authors: I Made Devid Krisna Utama Putra  , Muhammad Akhyar  , Akhmad Arif Musadad
Published: September 2024

The lack of digital learning media makes it difficult for students to study anywhere. This research aims to analyze Android-based media applications for the history of the Balinese Kingdom that are suitable for learning media for class X high school Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms material. This research method is research and development (R&D) with a 4-D approach. The subject of this research is class X SMA. The validation process involves experts in the field of materials and media. Data collection methods through interviews, surveys, questionnaires and literature studies. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that the Android-based media application for the history of the Balinese kingdom based on Hindu and Buddhist kingdom material is very suitable for use as an alternative learning media to increase historical empathy. By using augmented reality (AR) technology, students can explore historical sites in realistic 3D, allowing them to experience the atmosphere of the past more realistically. Learning media using Android-based applications can provide a more exciting and relevant approach for students, increase historical empathy, and expand the accessibility of learning materials. This research implies that the use of technology such as augmented reality (AR) and multimedia interaction makes historical material more exciting and easier to understand and allows students to engage emotionally and deeply with the material being studied.
A importância dada ao trabalho: uma comparação transcultural entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos
Authors: Caldeira Sony Franthiesco , Athayde André Luiz Mendes
Published: September 2024

A importância dada ao trabalho tem sido explorada na área de Gestão de Pessoas, todavia ainda são escassas pesquisas sobre tal temática sob uma abordagem transcultural. Este estudo analisou diferenças entre brasileiros e americanos quanto à importância dada ao trabalho à luz da cultura nacional dos países comparados. Dados de 2.596 americanos e de 1.762 brasileiros foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos de comparação de médias. Os resultados apontaram que, das cinco variáveis tomadas no estudo para representar a importância dada ao trabalho, quatro apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes, compatíveis com as características da cultura nacional dos países comparados.
KERAGAMAN DAN HERITABILITAS LIMA VARIETAS KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L) PADA BUDIDAYA ORGANIK
Authors: Khustiana Nindia Indar , Wibowo Lestari , Ginting Yohannes Cahya , Sa'diyah Nyimas
Published: September 2024

Upaya meningkatkan produksi sayuran organik di Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan perakitan varietas unggul baru melalui metode pemuliaan tanaman yang dibudidayakan secara organik sehingga diharapkan varietas yang dihasilkan lebih adaptif pada sistem budidaya secara organik. Parameter genetik yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pemuliaan tanaman adalah keragaman dan nilai heritabilitas. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui keragaman dan nilai heritabilitas tanaman kacang panjang yang diseleksi pada lingkungan organik. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan nilai heritabilitas lima varietas tanaman kacang panjang pada lingkungan organik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung pada bulan Juli 2021 – Desember 2021. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) diulang sebanyak tiga kali dengan lima varietas kacang panjang sebagai perlakuan antara lain varietas Kanton Tavi, Megan, Janges, Persada 35 dan Top 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua karakter yang diamati : umur berbunga, diameter polong, panjang polong, jumlah polong, bobot polong, kemanisan polong, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah biji per polong, jarak antar lokul, dan jumlah polong bagus memiliki nilai ragam fenotipe luas. Sedangkan nilai ragam genotipe sempit pada semua karakter yang diamati. Nilai heritabilitas pada karakter diameter polong, jumlah biji per polong, dan kemanisan polong  termasuk dalam kriteria sedang. Varietas Kanton Tavi memiliki keunggulan dan dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber tetua pada pemuliaan tanaman di lingkungan organik.
EFEK SINERGI BIOCHAR-KOMPOS PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.) DI SAWAH
Authors: Widowati Widowati , Nursia Alicia , Fikrinda Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Pengelolaan sawah tanpa masa istirahat serta tidak melakukan pergiliran tanaman menyebabkan berkurangnya bahan organik.  Bahan organik tanah sebagai penentu kesuburan tanah agar tanah mampu menyuplai unsur hara bagi tanaman. Pupuk organik dan bahan pembenah tanah (amelioran) merupakan kombinasi yang mampu meningkatkan bahan organik tanah dan menyediakan unsur hara. Biochar-kompos memerlukan perbandingan yang tepat pada tanah sawah yang telah lama digunakan hanya untuk tanaman padi tanpa input organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek sinergi penggunaan biochar dan kompos pada berbagai perbandingan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.) di tanah sawah setelah padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai Desember 2022 di Dusun Bawang, Kelurahan Tunggul Wulung, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial terdiri atas 7 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yaitu K0 (tanpa biochar dan kompos), K1 (20% biochar dan 80% kompos), K2 (40% biochar dan 60% kompos), K3 (60% biochar dan 40% kompos), K4 (80% biochar dan 20% kompos), K5 (100% biochar) dan K6 (100% kompos). Persentase biochar dan kompos didasarkan atas penggunaan pada dosis sebanyak 500 g/polybag. Penggunaan 20% biochar dan 80% kompos menunjukan hasil panen yang paling tinggi yaitu 3,55 t/ha. Sebagian besar menunjukan korelasi positif dan hubungan kuat antara karbon organik, nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium di dalam tanah dengan komponen hasil dan hasil kedelai.