bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Quality of Higher Education to the Indonesian Golden Awakening Generation
Authors: Abdillah Fatimah
Published: August 2018

Indonesia has experienced a period of success ineducation with a Gross Participation Rate (GER) in highereducation is expected to increase approximately 0.75%every year from 2008. Nowadays Indonesia has been facingan extra demographic phase (2025-2035) where the numberof productive age is more than non-productive age. Somespecial attention has been given by the governmentparticularly the ministry of education and culture toprepare the demographic dividend through guidance todevelop a civil society. The nation's best quality is mainlygenerated from the appropriate education quality and goodcharacter. The education that builds faith and piety as wellas science and technology will eventually shape the nationstrong character and globally competitive. The guiding andtraining to build the character of civil society needscompetent educators and good management of the leadersin each college by requiring quality culture. The educatorshould be competent in civil personality, social,professionals in the field of knowledge, combined with theactivity of Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, and thecompetence of educating and teaching (pedagogic). Inaddition, the educator should have a commitment to theinstitution or college. The leadership which is committed toa culture of quality and entrepreneurship character shouldbe attached to every University leader.
In some situations, simpler models can produce better forecasts
Authors: Open Communications for The Ocean OCTO
Published: August 2018

Big data is in fashion these days, especially for modelling ecosystems in ocean science. But how much data do you really need? And does adding more data, and building more complex models, actually give you better results? To find out, the authors used the case of kelp forests on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Their results show how, depending on the objective, simpler models can actually be better.
Specifying the “What” and Separating the “How”: Doings, Sayings, Codes, and Artifacts as the Building Blocks of Institutions
Authors: Lizardo Omar
Published: August 2018

I propose a “refurbished” object account of the building blocks of institutions. I distinguish between state theories, process theories, and object theories of institutions and institutionalization, arguing that while process accounts are an improvement over state approaches, they cannot provide a self-sufficient framework without theorizing the objects that the processes are supposed to be applied to. To achieve this goal, I build on an analytic disaggregation of the culture concept to specify the possible set of “things” that can be said to be institutionalized. I argue for an analytic distinction between “doings” (practices, habits, routines), “sayings” (vocabularies), semiotic codes, rules of the game, and artifacts as the broad classes of objects that could be subject to institutionalization processes and can thus form the “building blocks” of institutions. I conclude that process accounts need to be decoupled from object accounts, because the same processes may apply to all of these objects via distinct mechanisms, while other proposed processes only apply to a restricted set of objects.
The Structure of Emotional Support Networks in Families Affected by Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Marcum Christopher Steven , Lea Dawn , Eliezer Dina , Hadley Donald , Koehly Laura
Published: August 2018

Genetic risk is particularly salient for families, and testing for genetic conditions is necessarily a family level process. Thus, risk for genetic disease represents a collective stressor shared by family members. According to communal coping theory, families may adapt to such risk vis-a-vis interpersonal exchange of support resources. We propose that communal coping is operationalized through the pattern of supportive relationships observed between family members. While past research has examined support exchange of family members who received genetic testing, the roles of family members who declined testing, or were not otherwise at risk for disease, have not been fully examined. In this study, we take a social network perspective to map communal coping mechanisms to their underlying social interactions and include those who declined testing or were not at risk for Lynch Syndrome. Specifically, we examine the exchange of emotional support resources in families at risk of Lynch Syndrome, a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome. Our results show that emotional support resources depend on the testing-status of individual family members and are not limited to the bounds of the family. Network members from within and outside the family system are an important coping resource in this patient population. This work illustrates how social network approaches can be used to test structural hypotheses related to communal coping within a broader system and identifies structural features that characterize coping processes in families affected by Lynch Syndrome.
Dengue (Break bone fever): An Emerging Disease in Nepal
Authors: Reddy KR
Published: August 2018

No abstract available.J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and Reliable Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Samples
Authors: Sharma B K , Pandey B D , Sharma K , Sapkota B , Singh A , Adhikari N , Maharjan B
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. The most common method for diagnosing TB in developing countries is sputum smear microscopy; however, the sensitivity of this test is relatively lower. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using conventional culture and biochemical-based assays is time-consuming and laborious. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also available for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the PCR assay requires an expensive thermal cycler to amplify the DNA fragment in multiple temperature-dependent steps. Therefore, a simple and sensitive method for rapid detection has been anxiously awaited. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a diagnostic technique which can aid in the fight against TB in resource-poor countries. The LAMP assay can amplify a targeted sequence at a constant temperature. Therefore, a large and costly thermal cycler is not necessary for a LAMP assay.Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum by LAMP and to compare its efficacy over routinely used methods.Methods: A total of 106 (53 fluorochrome staining positive and 53 fluorochrome staining negative) sputum samples were collected in this study. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted from concentrated sputum samples by freezing and boiling method. LAMP assay using a set of six specific primers targeting the M. tuberculosis 16S rRNA gene with high sensitivity was used to analyze sputum samples. The results were then compared with that of the culture method, which was considered as the gold standard method.Results: Among total of 106 samples studied by microscopy and culture, 53 were positive by both, whole four were positive by culture but negative by microscopy. With reference to culture, the microscopy had sensitivity 92.98%, specificity 100%, and predictive value of positive test 100%, predictive value of negative test 92.5%. Out of 106 samples subjected to culture and LAMP for the diagnosis of TB, 55 samples were positive by both tests and two were positive only in culture, while 48 were negative in both tests and one was negative only in culture. While comparing the LAMP with culture as a gold standard, the sensitivity of LAMP was 96.49%, specificity was 97.95%, predictive value of positive test was 98.21%, predictive value of negative test was 96%.Conclusions: Comparative experiments showed that the LAMP assay is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method to detect M. tuberculosis infection. Indeed, an inexpensive LAMP assay would be potential as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis, especially in resource-limited settings. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 27-34
Problem Based Learning: An Experience of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
Authors: Baral P , Koirala S , Shrestha S , Shah S , Kumar S , Baidya R
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a kind of teaching- learning method in which students’ role is prime and they learn about a subject by active participation in problem solving.Methods: A total of 96 students studying in second year MBBS program were enrolled into present study. A questionnaire was given to students and they were asked to choose the option they felt about PBL methods. The questionnaire comprised of ten likert items out of which three were negative and seven were positive items.Results: Mean score for each statement in the questionnaire and the overall mean score were calculated. Overall mean score was 3.47.Conclusions: It was concluded that students of second year MBBS at BPKIHS, had a positive attitude towards PBL method of teaching-learning activity. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 42-45
Distribution of Dental Diseases and Treatment Delivered amongst Patients Visiting Dental Outpatient Department at Gandaki Medical College, Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar S L , Parajuli U , Manandhar P , Subedi N , Kunwar D
Published: August 2018

Introduction: A study of dental diseases amongst patients attending dental outpatient department (OPD) helps us plan a preventive, and/or a definitive dental treatment.Objectives: To find out the distribution of dental diseases amongst patients visiting dental OPD at College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College (GMC), Pokhara, Nepal.Methods: The present study was a hospital based cross sectional descriptive study carried out during a period of one year extending from 1st February 2016 to 31st January 2017. A total of 3052 patients attending the dental OPD were included in the study. The distribution of dental diseases according to sex, age and diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Additionally, frequency distribution of treatments provided to the patients was observed.Results: Dental caries was the most prevalent dental disease (64.41%) followed by gingivitis (13.04%). The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher in females (Females 56.91% vs. males 43.08%, P <0.05). Conversely, the prevalence of maxillofacial injuries (85.06%), dental impactions (72%), and malocclusion (53.88%) were significantly more common in male patients (P <0.05). The age group <19 years comprised 23.98 % of patients who visited the dental OPD, and the dental caries was most prevalent (27.10%) in the age group. The order of more frequent dental treatments was root canal treatment (18.84%), tooth extraction (18.44%), dental restoration (10.48%), and scaling (9.20%).Conclusions: The most prevalent dental disease was dental caries and it was more prevalent in females than in males. The most common age group reporting to Dental OPD was <19 years. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 29-32
The Duties and Responsibilities of a Medical Teacher
Authors: Reddy KR
Published: August 2018

Teachers play vital roles in the lives of the students. Teachers are best known for the role of educating the students. A teacher must be a leader if he/she wants to function effectively in the class room. Teachers set the tone of their class rooms, build a warm environment, mentor and nurture students, and become role models. A teacher is the force that drives the educational system. A teacher is a person who will have to fill many roles. They are people with educational leadership skills and they must continue to grow & develop as professionals. Anyone seeking to be a teacher should take advantage of any chance they get to grow as a person and as a teacher. The most important function of a teacher in the current educational context is managerial function consisting of planning, implementing the plan and controlling the educational process. Planning in education involves formulating educational objectives (departmental and institutional) and planning teaching-learning activities. One of the most important factors in the development and implementation of a teaching – learning program is the leadership style of the teacher. The controlling process in education is called evaluation. Evaluation, not only monitors the progress and achievements of the students, but also provides important information towards modification and improvement of the teaching-learning process. This article pertaining to the discipline of Medical Education discusses some important roles, responsibilities and functions of medical teachers. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 52-55
A Rare Anomaly of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle
Authors: Kumar S , Baidya R , Baral P
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Biceps brachii is a muscle of arm which brings about supination when fore-arm is flexed and flexion of elbow joint. Proximally it is attached with two heads: long and short heads.Case report: The absence of long head of biceps brachii muscle is very rare anomaly. It may be unilateral or bilateral with or without other congenital anomalies. The exact prevalence of this anomaly is unknown. This anomaly has been reported to occur as the result of an insult to the fetus during the sixth or seventh week of gestation, at which time the long head of the biceps tendon is developing. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page:56-57
Forêt de Guerre: Natural remembrances of the Great War
Authors: Prestidge Orlando , Prestidge Orlando
Published: August 2018

I will discuss the effect that the Great War had on the medieval woodland landscape of France, and how the cataclysmic destruction of the conflict is now represented, remembered and sometimes even preserved by the presence of post-war woodland. The unparalleled quantities of munitions that tore apart the landscape from 1914-1918 had both physical effects at the time, as well as longer-lasting manifestations that we see today. The first use of chemical weapons, along with the problems posed by their disbursement and disposal, also still affect the soil of the Western Front, as well as the trees and plants that traditionally grew in the region. I will also analyse the deeper and far more ancient significance of forests and trees within French culture, and how this has affected the way that people have interacted with the ‘Forêt de guerre’ landscape that grew up to replace that lost during the hostilities. 

World War I; 1914-18; Archaeology; Anthropology; Folklore; Landscape; Trees; Forests; Zone Rouge; Historic Sites - France
Blurring the Boundaries Between Life and Death:
Authors: Richards Daisy
Published: August 2018

This article aims to engage with and problematise traditional ideas relating to re-enacted sequences within documentary films, and how these sequences might allow audiences a new and previously denied access to some level of so-called ‘truth.’ Positing that re-enactments essentially function as devices of distraction and fantasy, Bill Nichols (2008) sheds invaluable insight onto the nature of ‘truth’ in the use of re-enactments in documentary filmmaking. This article engages with, and attempts to build upon this existing scholarship, by performing a closer examination of the ways in which filmmakers deploy strategies of re-enactment in Carol Morley’s Dreams of a Life (2011) and Clio Barnard’s The Arbor (2010). Re-enactments are employed by their respective filmmakers not solely in order to present complete rejections of reality, but also to depict the filmmaking processes and the ways in which they have been ‘worked through’ to audiences in innovative and reflexive ways. Through the specific utilisation of stylistic features that directly and obtrusively call attention to a documentary’s status as documentary, filmmakers do not wholeheartedly reject real-life events. Instead, they continually draw attention to the artifice of their artworks, reminding audiences that there can, indeed, only ever be ‘a view from which the past yields up its truth’, and that these views are completely and wholly unstable and elusive.
Where Truth Lies in Advertising
Authors: De Silva Connie
Published: August 2018

Consumer advertising, characterised by its persuasive intent and attention value, is a form of propositional communication that contextually hinges on the psychology of human needs and desires. The advertiser’s objective is to depict – with some poetic licence – commercially available items as beneficial and vital. Truthful depiction is not among the objectives of the marketing plan; however, persuasive effectiveness is contingent upon successful synthesis of fact and concoction. Thus, an essence of reality must be crafted into the text to induce target-market confidence. Another consideration is memorability of the advertisement experience, particularly the brand name and its associated positive qualities. Further, it must be readable and socially accessible to achieve receiver engagement. This article – using the five social functions of language and Jakobson’s communication language model (Leech, 1981) – investigates the complex phenomenon of meaning-creation in press advertisements[i] to discover their ecological infrastructure. What are the relationships between elements? And how do these render the potential to generate persuasive propositions that linger? Analysis shows that attention-getting features are primary carriers of hidden meanings; and, if realised, these create persuasive impressions of essential and/or urgently needed benefits available in the advertised item. Further investigation reveals that the hidden meanings are cached in a trifecta of thematic information, presupposition and implicature that renders a meaning-making vehicle to deliver advertiser propositions. This strategic apparatus – governed by a principle of semantic interdependency of linguistic, semiotic and intertextual elements – is terminologically labelled as collateral bundling.
Dissents and Dispositions
Authors: Mulcahy Sean
Published: August 2018

This article provides critical reflections on the Conference of the Law, Literature and Humanities Association of Australasia, held on 12-14 December 2017 at La Trobe University and the University of Melbourne, Australia. The conference theme of dissents and dispositions ‘invited consideration of the arrangements and rearrangements of the conduct of law and life; of the dispositions of law and jurisprudence, and how these relate to dissents, resistance and transformation.’ Speakers discussed law, literature, public art, visuality, media, gender and sexuality. The various papers collectively raised questions of how the law is, through art and other mediums, arranged and subsequently – sometimes violently and sometimes politely – rearranged, constantly in a process of developing, evolving, never finishing, and always applying its words and touch to new circumstances.
Reference re: Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia
Authors: Buckley Melina
Published: August 2018

The Women's Court of Canada (WCC) reconsiders the 1989 case of Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia, in which the Supreme Court of Canada considered whether a citizenship requirement for law society membership discriminated against a non-Canadian lawyer. In the decision, the Court set out the principles and analytic framework for an analysis under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, a framework that continues to be applied by Canadian courts today. The WCC considers the appeal as raising pure questions of law on the basis that neither party appealed on the merits. The decision relies solely on arguments that were available in 1989. The WCC's reframing of the section 15 analysis is based on a consideration of the general principles of Charter interpretation, the purpose and scope of section 15, the historical context, and the text of the provision. According to the WCC, section 15 contains a positive right to equality rather than simply a narrow prohibition against discrimination. This approach rejects the Court's view that equality rights are vague and open-ended and require limiting criteria. The WCC goes on to set out a framework for the section 15 inquiry focused on giving meaning and import to the full text of this section. Finally, the WCC considers the relationship between section 15(1) and section 1 of the Charter, confirming that it is paramount to keep the two inquiries separate and distinct.
Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony
Authors: Koshan Jennifer , Watson Hamilton Jonnette
Published: August 2018

In Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony, a majority of the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the claim of members of the Wilson Colony that Alberta's requirement for photographs on driver's licences unjustifiably violated their rights under section 2(a) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom. This Women's Court of Canada judgment focuses on the equality rights challenge under section 15(1), which was given short shrift by the Court. The authors propose a new framework for analyzing equality claims under section 15(1) that attempts to respond to some of the concerns with the Court's judgment in R v Kapp, especially for cases of adverse effects discrimination—an area of equality rights law of particular importance for women. Applying the new framework, the authors attend to the social and historical context of the Hutterian Brethren and find that a violation of section 15 is made out. They also reconsider the Court majority's reasons under section 1 of the Charter, critiquing the majority's deferential approach to government and the threat it poses to the rights of some religious and racialized women perceived to present security risks. By making more space for reasonable accommodation and the contextual consideration of deleterious effects under section 1, the authors hold that the violation of section 15(1) cannot be justified.
John A. Bertolini, The Case for Terence Rattigan, Playwright
Authors: Rebellato Dan
Published: August 2018

This meticulous if old-fashioned defence of Terence Rattigan’s playwriting throws intriguing light on some of his lesser-known works and explores the significance of motifs such as writing, infirmity, and defeat across all the plays. Its linguistic finesse comes at the expense of theatre, theory, politics, and history.
Sarah French, Staging Queer Feminisms: Sexuality and Gender in Australian Performance, 2005–2015
Authors: Silverstone Catherine
Published: August 2018

This book analyses gender, sexuality, and race in Australian theatre and performance 2005–2015, offering detailed readings of case studies attentive to performance, critical, cultural, political, historical, generic/formal, and spectatorial contexts; and a valuable resource for students and researchers in the fields of gender, sexuality, and race in performance, both in Australia and internationally.
Hershini Bhana Young, Illegible Will: Coercive Spectacles of Labor in South Africa and the Diaspora
Authors: Glick Jeremy Matthew
Published: August 2018

Hershini Bhana Young’s Illegible Will: Coercive Spectacles of Labor in South Africa and the Diaspora deftly mobilizes the protocols of black performance studies to bring to the fore the problem of reading for traces of will in archives pertaining to coerced black labour in the Atlantic and Indian oceanic frame.
ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO DISCURSO JURÍDICO (ACDJ): O CASO DO PROJETO DE LEI Nº. 3.842/2012 E A TUTELA DA DIGNIDADE DO TRABALHADOR
Authors: Colares Virginia Soares Figueiredo Alves , Costa Flora Oliveira da
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, por meio da Análise Crítica do Discurso Jurídico (ACDJ), no Projeto de Lei nº. 3.842/2012, os modos de operação da ideologia, segundo Thompson (2011). Esse projeto tramita no Congresso Nacional brasileiro e pretende retirar as expressões “jornada exaustiva” e “condição degradante” da descrição contida no tipo penal do art. 149 do Código Penal brasileiro. Para a consecução deste trabalho, serão utilizadas, como categorias de análise, algumas estratégias típicas de construção simbólica, como os operadores argumentativos e os modos de operação da ideologia para dar conta do funcionamento dessa gramática textual e dos efeitos ideológicos desse discurso. A pergunta de partida do estudo é: “sem o resgate do contexto, é possível ao Congresso Nacional criar um tipo penal que tutele tanto a liberdade quanto a dignidade do trabalhador?” A hipótese considerada é a de que a elaboração de leis abstratas sem a aproximação do contexto social promove um ocultamento ideológico que forja a ideia de que a linguagem é neutra e produzida num vácuo social. Por isso, propomos inicialmente o diálogo entre o Direito e a Linguagem para dar conta do tratamento interpretativo do sentido do discurso do referido Projeto de Lei numa perspectiva transdisciplinar. Como resultado da análise, constata-se que a utilização, consciente ou não, das estratégias de construção simbólica possibilitou que a tutela da dignidade do trabalhador tenha sido eliminada da proposta de alteração legislativa contida nos supramencionado Projeto de Lei.
IL DIRITTO FRATERNO E IL PARADOSSO DEI BENI COMUNI DELL’UMANITÀ
Authors: Martini Sandra Regina , Rubino Francesco
Published: August 2018

O princípio da fraternidade, completamente definido no marco da Metateoria do Direito Fraterno e articulado com a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais, define um horizonte transcultural no interior do qual é possível enfrentar de maneira inovadora os problemas ecológicos do nosso tempo, particularmente  vinculados ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico. Com isso, visibilizam-se os bens comuns, os quais serão apresentados através dos clássicos paradoxos ligados às distinções público/privado, local/global, titularidade/propriedade. Desse modo, para enfrentar a fragilidade e a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo e da espécie humana na sua complexidade em relação às catástrofes políticas, econômicas e ambientais, retorna-se à equivalência entre fraternidade e não violência e à consciência de que a responsabilidade constitui um vínculo imprescindível entre irmãos e oprimidos.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF RECREATIONAL LAND USE OF ODESSA REGION
Authors: Bulysheva D.V.
Published: August 2018

The study examined the organizational and economic opportunities for recreational land-use in Odessa region towards ecologization of economic relations. Organizational and economic bases in the process of ecologization of recreational land use are intended to provide a mechanism for use of the respective territories, regulation of the system of forms and methods of social organization in the respective lands. Public relations on the territory of urban agglomerations represent a complex system, because they relate to organization of both material and non-material production, exchange, distribution and consumption of material goods and services, etc. In order to ensure sustainable development of the respective territories, organizational system of recreational land use should ensure existence, functioning and development of appropriate regulations, standards and guidelines for use of recreational lands of the regions. It is proved that in today's environmental and economic situation of land recreational use, there are obstacles to the sustainable development of the territory. In the situation of absence of a single organizational and economic basis and policy of system regulation in development of the entire agglomeration�s territory, functional and spatial integrity of the city and the suburban area is destroyed. The structure and definition of the organizational and economic mechanism of ecologization of recreational land use as an interconnected set of relations, principles, methods and forms of ensuring the interaction of organizational, production, financial and economic processes in the system of recreational land use, which promotes increase of competitive advantages and efficiency of development of the corresponding territories is given. The study determined that organizational and economic mechanism consists of the following components: financing, stimulation, planning, regulation, institutional and managerial support.
Parliament not-Parliaments: Legislature of Pakistan in the Hatching (1947-69)
Authors: Malik Rahat Zubair
Published: August 2018

The evolution of parliamentary system in an ideological state, with two major units; miles apart on the globe, having multiple social and regional identities, and claiming being a federation has been a unique experience. After getting independence from the British, Pakistan decided to opt for a parliamentary form of government. The process was based on single house i.e. legislative assembly which was entrusted with dual responsibilities of framing the constitution and making legislation to run the state system. Initially, its membership was based on indirect elections through the elected representative on provincial basis in the elections of 1946 conducted by the British government. This system of indirect elections for national legislature was kept in practice till 1970 general elections after twenty three years of independence of Pakistan. First and second decades experienced multiple changes of electoral process and that of the practices of the floor of the constituent assembly. Apparently it is claimed that there had been major changes in the parliament of Pakistan with reference to the system of elections, and membership but certain practices seem consistent till date. The present study is an effort to analyse the early phase of the parliament which provided the basis for the parliamentary system of Pakistan.
Kashmir Crisis: A Critical Analysis of Indo-Pak Intercession
Authors: Qumber Ghulam , Ishaque Waseem , Shah Syed Jawad
Published: August 2018

This paper explores the various intervention approaches adopted by both India and Pakistan regarding Kashmir issue. It uses the theoretical approaches of Constructivism, Realism and Balance of Power Theory. The study's objectives are divided into three categories, each entailing the Kashmir issue under the mentioned three theoretical approaches mentioned earlier. These variables are observed keeping in mind the empirical data available over the years, which define the situation of Kashmir from the time of Independence 1947 to the present scenario with regards to the Indo-Pak policies of influence under the cited theoretical prospects. As a result, the research concludes that not only Kashmir has been a humanitarian crisis where innocent people are slaughtered daily, but also a grave phenomenon for the international community who has failed to resolve it in 70 years.
Kashmir at Crossroad: The Partition’s Unfinished Agenda
Authors: Afridi Hikmat , Afridi Manzoor Khan , Khalid Ijaz
Published: August 2018

Independent dominions in shape of Pakistan and India emerged as result of partition on 14 August and 15 August 1947 respectively while the fate of over 500 princely states awaited decision. Due to overwhelming majority of Muslims, Jammu and Kashmir should have acceded to Pakistan. The hardness in Indian stance resulted in the two wars i.e. of 1965 and 1971 besides two limited wars of 1947-48 and 1999Kargil war. South Asia remained on the brink of war in 2002 standoff and the current escalations in Azad Kashmir. Contrarily, both Pakistan and India had agreed upon the United Nations resolutions, including, "the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir will be decided through free and impartial plebiscite under the auspices of United Nations". The Indian strategy was to gain time on the pretext that "Indians are superior to Pakistanis in military and industrial power therefore Pakistan would accept a settlement imposed by the Indians". Additional India pleaded that Pakistan had joined defence Pacts with west, so India moved away from the process of Plebiscite. Now, India wants to discuss only terrorism brushing aside the core issue of Kashmir. Resultantly, the people of Kashmir are at the mercy of despotic and tyrant Indian Forces and they are suffering the most. How long the innocent population of Kashmir will be looking to ask the world to come forward for an open hearted settlement of this long outstanding dispute? The situation may escalate into a nuclear flashpoint.
Prospects of Enduring Peace in Afghanistan: Avoiding Zero Sum Game in Af-Pak Region
Authors: Ishaque Waseem
Published: August 2018

Afghanistan has witnessed a turbulent history of long and devastating war due to Soviet unabated invasion of Afghanistan of ten years producing unbearable losses of life, institutions and society. The United States along-with the support of majority of Muslim countries supported Jihad to defeat communism. This victory was, however, short-lived as infighting among Afghan war lords later entangled the entire country with even graver consequence. The emergence of Taliban and resultant occupation of 70% of Afghanistan had brought some degree of stability by providing good governance and expeditious justice system, but failed to pragmatically adjust to international environment. The unfortunate incidents of 9/11 changed the world for foreseeable time with even harsher fall out for Afghan nation as unleashing of the war of terror destroyed the left over Afghanistan. The instability in Afghanistan has caused negative effects on Pakistan as next door neighbour, which has rendered all sorts of humanitarian, diplomatic and moral support to Afghan cause since Soviet invasion and has also suffered most in the process due to spill-over effects. The democratic government is incharge in Afghanistan after fall of Taliban regime in 2001 and several state institutions are also in place albeit at infancy stage, especially the security institutions, yet the prospects of enduring peace and stability are distant reality. More than three million Afghan refugees are still in Pakistan with very dim prospects of honourable return due to persisting instability. This paper highlights the causes of instability in Afghanistan with spill-over impact on Pakistan and suggests a course of action for enduring stability.
Long-term outcomes among octogenarians with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar , Gormley William B. , Lee Yoojin , Mor Vincent , Mitchell Susan L. , Fehnel Corey R.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Data evaluating the long-term outcomes, particularly with regard to treatment modality, of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in octogenarians are limited. The primary objectives were to evaluate the disposition (living at home vs institutional settings) and analyze the predictors of long-term survival and return to home for octogenarians after SAH.

METHODS

Data pertaining to patients age 80 and older who underwent microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling for SAH were extracted from 100% nationwide Medicare inpatient claims and linked with the Minimum Data Set (2008–2011). Patient disposition was tracked for 2 years after index SAH admission. Multivariable logistic regression stratified by aneurysm treatment modality, and adjusted for patient factors including SAH severity, evaluated predictors of return to home at 60 and 365 days after SAH. Survival 365 days after SAH was analyzed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

A total of 1298 cases were included in the analysis. One year following SAH, 56% of the patients had died or were in hospice care, 8% were in an institutional post–acute care setting, and 36% had returned home. Open microsurgical clipping (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.81), male sex (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.87), tracheostomy (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.85), gastrostomy (aHR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48–0.76), and worse SAH severity (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) were associated with reduced likelihood of patients ever returning home. Older age (aHR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.13), tracheostomy (aHR 2.06, 95% CI 1.46–2.91), gastrostomy (aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.10), male sex (aHR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20–2.23), and worse SAH severity 1.51 (95% CI 1.04–2.18) were associated with reduced survival.

CONCLUSIONS

In this national analysis, 56% of octogenarians with SAH died, and 36% returned home within 1 year of SAH. Coil embolization predicted returning to home, which may suggest a benefit to endovascular treatment in this patient population.
PERFORMA PEMANGGIL ANTRIAN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328
Authors: Sukarma I Nyoman , Mudiana I Nyoman , Udayana Septian
Published: August 2018

Pada kantor atau instansi pelayanan publik, banyak masyarakat yang berkunjung dan menunggu giliran melakukan pembayaran atau transaksi lainnya. Petugas pada instansi tersebut memerlukan sistem pemanggil antrian elektronik untuk menjaga agar antrian berlangsung tertib dan aman. Untuk keperluan ini, peneliti melakukan perancangan dan pembuatan sistem pemanggil antrian  elektronik dimana petugas dapat memanggil nomor urut antrian dengan hanya menekan tombol. Sistem pemanggil antrian ini dilengkapi dengan display LED dan speaker. Pada display LED akan muncul angka sesuai dengan hitungan nomor saat itu dan pada speaker akan terdengar nomor antrian. Sistem antrian elektronik ini dirancang menggunakan mikrokontroler ATmega328 yang dilengkapi mp3 decoder dengan fungsi untuk membaca format file mp3 serta speaker guna memanggil para pengantri sesuai dengan nomor urut pada display LED. Dari hasil pengujian, sistem pemanggil antrian ini dapat bekerja dengan baik hingga nomor antrian 999.
Authors: Wilianto Wilianto , Kurniawan Ade
Published: August 2018

Abstrak: Pada umumnya komunikasi antara manusia dengan manusia sudah biasa, terlebih juga komunikasi antara manusia dengan komputer juga sudah umum kita temui di kehidupan sehari-hari. Saat ini, Perkembangan komunikasi manusia dengan komputer telah dibantu operasi sistem yang semakin canggih dengan mempermudah manusia untuk berinteraksi secara langsung dengan komputer seperti operasi sistem berbasis Graphical User Interface (GUI). Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat mendorong para peneliti mulai meneliti cara berkomunikasi antara Machine to Machine (M2M). Tahun 2009, Internet of things dikembangkan oleh seorang pria bernama Kevin Ashton. Ia mengemukakann sebuah ide menghubungkan beberapa perangkat dan bertukar data dengan perangkat lainnya dalam satu jaringan. Dengan konsep internet of things (IoT), setiap perangkat di beri alamat Internet protocol (IP) dan di koneksikan dengan alamat Internet protocol (IP) perangkat lain sehingga dapat bertukar data. Internet of things membawa dampak yang sangat baik untuk institusi pemerintah, industri, swasta, pendidikan, kesehatan dan bahkan kalangan rumah. Kontribusi dari penelitian ini adalah merangkum perkembangan Internet of things dengan mengunakan pendekatan studi Tinjauan Pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian adalah menyampaikan 3 hal penting dalam bidang Internet of things yaitu: Sejarah, Cara kerja dan Manfaat dari Internet of things. Kata kunci: Machine to Machine, Internet of things, History, Literature Review
MADRASAH: FROM EARLY TIME TO NIZHAMIAH (Sejarah Sosial dan Kelembagaan Pendidikan Islam)
Authors: Harahap Arfiansyah
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam secara kelembagaan dari zaman klasik islam sampai saat ini tampak berbagai bentuk yang bervariasi, disamping lembaga bersifat umum seperti: kuttab, masjid, dan lembaga-lembaga yang mencerminkan kekhasan islam dan kemudian berkembang menjadi Madrasah. Madrasah menjadi pokok permasalahan tersendiri dan begitu menarik untuk dibahas dalam menjadi bahan pembicaraan tentang madrasah, Kebangkitan madrasah merupakan awal dari bentuk pelembagaan pendidikan Islam secara formal. Menariknya pembahasan madarasah ini untuk diteliti, merujuk pada sisi keilmuan, dimana yang ilmu-ilmu diajarkan di madrasah pada umumnya masih merupakan kelanjutan dari yang diajarkan di masjid, hingga akhirnya perkembangan kelembagaan pendidikan Islam menjadi madrasah NizhamiyahKata kunci: Madrasah, Klasik, Sistem, NizamiyahAbstractThe development of Islamic Education institutionally from Islamic classical period to the present seems various forms, in addition the general institutions such as kuttab, mosque, and institutions that reflect the peculiarities of Islam and then develop into Madrasah. Madrasah is the subject of particular problems and so interesting to be discussed. Madrasah awakening is the beginning of the Islamic education institute formally. Interesting discussion of this madarasah to be examined, referring to the scientific side, where the sciences taught in madrasah in general is still a continuation of that taught in the mosque, until the institutional development of Islamic education into madrasah NizhamiyahKeywords: Madrasah, Classical, System, Nizamiyah
A human-factors engineering based design research for E-commerce express logistics sorting system
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Zou Anquan
Published: August 2018

The rapid development of e-commerce logistics express delivery industry has changed people’s living habits. Express delivery sorting center is very important in the operation of express delivery and has a direct impact on the efficiency of express delivery. Based on human factors engineering, this article is to optimize the design and operation of express delivery system where the current electronic order design and sorting equipment are not reasonable. The results show that the response time of the newly designed electronic order scanning is obviously shorter than that of the conventional electronic order, the efficiency is increased by nearly 30%, the error rate is now 0.31% from the previous 1.92%, decreased by 1.61%, which significantly improve picking efficiency and failure rate. The optimized pallet sorting equipment has greatly improved work efficiency, reduced the stress upon the staff’s body and joints, with an average decrease of 58.6%, which increased the comfort level of the operator to the highest level.
Experience with Serum Magnesium Estimations in Critically Ill Patients Admitted in High Dependency Unit of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Saiful Tasnuva , Mostafi Mamun , Mia Md Abdul Ali , Amin Md Robed , Marzana Syeda , Hossain Emran
Published: August 2018

Background: Magnesium deficiency has been a common, but easily ignored, electrolyte abnormality. Studies on magnesium in our country are lacking. Here, we have estimated and correlated serum magnesium levels with outcomes and other electrolyte imbalance in critically ill patients with respect to the mortality, in hospital outcome and length of high dependency unit (HDU) stay.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in patients who had been admitted to the HDU. Patient’s demographic profile, medical history, serum magnesium, calcium and electrolytes were enrolled on admission. Patients were divided into normomagnesemic, hypomagnesemic hypermagnesemic groups and compared for various parameters.Results: Out of 60 critically ill-patients, 32 patients (53.33%) were hypomagnesemic, 20 patients (33.33%) were normomagnesemic and 8 patients (13.33%) were hypermagnesemic. The duration of stay of the patients in HDU, in hospital outcome and mortality showed significant variation between these groups. Associated electrolyte abnormalities in hypomagnesemic patients were hypokalemia (56.25%) and hypocalcemia (62.50%). Most of the hypomagnesemic patients were hypertensive (62.50% vs 40%) and was presented in drowsy state (50% vs 40%) compared to normomagnesemic group. Mortality of hypomagnesemic group was 37.50% while that of hypermagnesemic group was 25%. In hospital, arrythmia (18.75%) and convulsion (12.50%) developed in hypomagnesemic groups. Mean duration of length of stay in HDU was 7.45 days in hypomagnesemic, 6.83 days normomagnesemic, and 8.67 days in hypermagnesemic group.Conclusion: Development of magnesium imbalance in critically ill patients is associated with bad prognosis. Monitoring of serum magnesium levels may have prognostic, perhaps therapeutic implication.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 69-74
Rickets Due to Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis– an Uncommon Presentation of Wilson’s Disease
Authors: Azad Md Abul Kalam , Alam Afroja , Quayum Shaheen Lipika , Anwar AFM Azim , Anjum Monjila
Published: August 2018

Rickets is a disease of bone mineralization of growth plate. Refractory rickets can be caused by distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis (RTA). A number of conditions can result in distal RTA and Wilson’s disease is an uncommon entity. Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with diverse presentations. We describe a case of refractory rickets due to distal RTA, caused by Wilson’s disease. Diagnosis of Wilson’s disease was confirmed with presence of Kayser–Fleischer (K–F) rings and high urinary copper. Further investigations revealed urinary acidification defect with hypercalciuria pointing towards distal RTA. He was treated with penicillamine & oral Zinc and significant clinical improvement was observed.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 84-86
A 17-Year-Old Male with Prostatic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Rabbani Rukhshana , Sultana Mst Rokaya , Ahmed Kazi Iftekhar Uddin , Hasan Mahmudul , Haque Abul Hasanat Muhammad Afzalul , Akhter Shamima , Yeasmin Nahid
Published: August 2018

Prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma is a common tumour in infancy and childhood but rare in young adults and older people. A 17-year-old boy presented with features of bladder outlet obstruction. On digital rectal examination, a growth was found in the prostate. After performing trans-rectal ultrasound guided biopsy it revealed rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate which was locally advanced, involving bladder pelvic nodes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfomide and doxorubicin was given for 6 cycles. However, it was still inoperable and therefore, pelvic radiotherapy was started improving the local control.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 87-90
Septicaemic Melioidosis Complicated by Septic Arthritis in A Bangladeshi male: A Case Report
Authors: Haque Hasna Fahmima , Debnath Suchismita , Afroze Samira Rahat , Afroz Farhana , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Musa AKM
Published: August 2018

Melioidosis is an uncommon disease in Bangladesh but in recent years increasing numbers of cases are being diagnosed. A case of septicaemic melioidosis occurring in a young Bangladeshi returning worker is reported here. The patient presented with fever and features of septic arthritis. Diagnostic work-up revealed the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei from blood and synovial fluid cultures. This case highlights the importance of high index of clinical suspicion for melioidosis in appropriate clinical scenario.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2018; 29(2) : 94-96
Effects of different supplementary feeds on the growth performance and survival of Labeo bata fry
Authors: Billah Md Baki , Akter Suny , Parveen Suraiya , Rahman Azizur , Nahar Lutfun , Kamrujjaman Md
Published: August 2018

An experiment was conducted with Labeo bata fry for 60 days to examine the growth performance and survival in response to three supplementary feeds i.e. wheat bran, maize bran and mixed diet. The length gain, percent length gain, weight gain, percent weight gain and specific growth of the fry were found significantly higher (p<0.05) in mixed diet. The highest survival rate (74.38±8.1%) was shown by the mixed diet treated fry which was significantly higher than those of maize bran and wheat bran treated fry respectively. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments in term of water temperatures, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). Thus, on the basis of the fry growth performance and survival rate, it could be suggested that the mixed diet of wheat bran and maize bran is suitable for the culture of L. bata fry.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(1): 15-21, 2018 (June)