INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE INCENTIVE SYSTEM FOR SMALL AND MEDIUMSIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Baitursunov A. A. 
Published: October 2018

Thearticlehighlightstheissueoftheinstitutionalstructureofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstan.Inparticular,theessenceoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurshipisdeterminedanditsdefinitionisproposedbasedontheanalysisofscientificsources.ThestructureofthesystemofstateregulationandstimulationofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstanisanalyzed.EstimatesoftheentrepreneurialclimateoftheRepublicofKazakhstanasanobjectofstateinfluencefortheformationoffavorableconditionsforthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesaregiven.Authornotestheimportanceofasystematicapproachtotheformationofthestatepolicytostimulateandsupportsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses.Thearticlerevealsthefeaturesofmanagementandstimulation,aswellasdeterminesthemainprioritydirectionsandtargetparametersforthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumbusinessfortheRepublicofKazakhstan.

Purpose:themainobjectiveofthisarticleistostudytheinstitutionalframeworkfortheoperationofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstanandtoassesstheimpactoftheinstitutionalworkingenvironmentonthedevelopmentofsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses.Toachievethispurpose,thefollowingtasksweresolved:todeterminetheessenceoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurship;tostudythestructureofthesystemandthemechanismofstateregulationandstimulationofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstan;toanalyzetheactualstateoftheinstitutionalenvironmentofentrepreneurshipintheRepublicofKazakhstan;todeterminethetargetcriteriaforthedevelopmentofSMEsintheRepublicofKazakhstan.

Methods:thisarticleisbasedonthemethodsofstructuralanalysisandofthesystemapproach.

Results:today,smallandmediumsizedbusinessesarethemostpromisingactorsinthedevelopmentofapostindustrialeconomy,whereadvancedtechnologiesandinnovativesolutionsareapriority.Smallandmediumsizedbusinesses,bypropertyoftheirmobilityandflexibility,arethemostsusceptibletoinnovationandcanbeprovidersofhightechnology.Inaddition,theadaptabilityofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesisafactorofrapidandtargetedresponsetotheslightestchangesinmarketortechnologicalconditions.Atthesametime,smallandmediumbusinessesareanimportantfactorinreducingunemployment(especiallystructuralandcyclical).Butatthesametime,smallandmediumsizedbusinessesneedprotectionfromthestate,sinceasmallamountofcapital,aswellasarelativelysmallamountofproductionofeachindividualsubjectofsmallandmediumsizedbusiness,causesinsecurityintheeventofamarketexpansionoflargebusinesses.Errorsinthesystemofstateregulationofbusiness(tighteningoftaxation,inexpedientlystringentregulations,etc.)cansignificantlyslowdownorevencauseareductionintheexpansionofentrepreneurialinitiative.Thus,thesearchforwaystoorganizethemostfavorableinstitutionalandmarketenvironmentforsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses(inparticular,priorityfortheimplementationofstateeconomicpolicy)isaprioritytaskofthestateregulatorysystem.

Conclusionsandrelevance:theresearchcarriedoutwithintheframeworkofthesubjectofthisarticleshowsthattheinstitutionalenvironmentfortheoperationofsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesintheRepublicofKazakhstanisquitefavorable,becausethestateimplementsapolicyofmaximumfavortothedevelopmentofentrepreneurialinitiativeinthecountry.Moreover,bymaximizingitseffortstocreateaneffectivemechanismforstimulatingandsupportingsmallandmediumsizedbusinesses,theinstitutionalenvironmentisconstantlyimproving.Thisbringsitsresults,intheformofimprovingthegeneralbusinessenvironment.Atthesametime,therearecertainaspects,suchascustomsbarriers,thedificultyinobtainingvariouskindsofpermits(oftenthisisduetocorruptoficials).Therefore,theincentivesystemforsmallandmediumsizedbusinessesshouldincludeaneffectivemechanismtoensurecompliancewithrightsandprotectentrepreneurs.