bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removing Gaseous NH3 Using Biochar as an Adsorbent
Authors: Ro Kyoung , Lima Isabel , Reddy Guidqopuram , Jackson Michael , Gao Bin
Published: October 2015

Ammonia is a major fugitive gas emitted from livestock operations and fertilization production. This study tested the potential of various biochars in removing gaseous ammonia via adsorption processes. Gaseous ammonia adsorption capacities of various biochars made from wood shaving and chicken litter with different thermal conditions and activation techniques were determined using laboratory adsorption column tests. Ammonia adsorption capacities of non-activated biochars ranged from 0.15 to 5.09 mg·N/g, which were comparable to that of other commercial activated carbon and natural zeolite. There were no significant differences in ammonia adsorption capacities of steam activated and non-activated biochars even if the surface areas of the steam activated biochars were about two orders of magnitude greater than that of non-activated biochars. In contrast, phosphoric acid activation greatly increased the biochar ammonia adsorption capacity. This suggests that the surface area of biochar did not readily control gaseous NH3 adsorption. Ammonia adsorption capacities were more or less linearly increased with acidic oxygen surface groups of non-activated and steam-activated biochars. Phosphoric acid bound to the acid activated biochars is suspected to contribute to the exceptionally high ammonia adsorption capacity. The sorption capacities of virgin and water-washed biochar samples were not different, suggesting the potential to regenerate spent biochar simply with water instead of energy- and capital-intensive steam. The results of this study suggest that non-activated biochars can successfully replace commercial activated carbon in removing gaseous ammonia and the removal efficiency will greatly increase if the biochars are activated with phosphoric acid.
Temporal-Spatial Variation of Drought Indicated by SPI and SPEI in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Tan Chunping , Yang Jianping , Li Man
Published: October 2015

The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China (Ningxia) is an important food production area in northwest China severely affected by drought. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were calculated based on monthly meteorological data to explore climate change and variation in drought intensity, duration, frequency, and spatial extent in Ningxia during 1972–2011. Results show that the SPEI is more applicable than the SPI for exploring climate change and drought variation in Ningxia. The Ningxia climate experienced a significant drying tendency. Annual SPEI decreased about 0.37 decade−1 during 1972–2011. Drought was exacerbated by this drying tendency. Regional average duration, maximum duration, intensity, and frequency of drought identified by the SPEI increased by one month, three months, 0.15%, and 36.1%, respectively, during 1992–2011 compared to the period of 1972–1991. The spatial extent of drought identified by the SPEI increased about 14.4% decade−1 in the spring during 1972–2011. Spatially, drought frequency increased from north to south. Average intensity (maximum duration) of drought calculated by the SPEI increased (decreased) northward and southward from the central arid area.
Chemical Composition of Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Three Schools in the City of Rome
Authors: Tofful Luca , Perrino Cinzia
Published: October 2015

In Italy, children spend up to 30% of their time in school institutions; for this reason, the evaluation of indoor air quality in schools constitutes a necessary step forward in the direction of child health protection. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected simultaneously indoor and outdoor in three primary schools in Rome. Seasonal variations between winter and spring/summer were evaluated, as well as the role of the main macro-sources of PM (soil, sea, traffic, secondary inorganics and organics). During winter periods, characterized by strong atmospheric stability, the main contributors were organics and combustion products, which accounted for more than 70% of the total mass both indoor and outdoor. Spring/summer period was characterized by very low outdoor concentrations (12 μg/m3 on average) and by a more balanced contribution of organic, traffic and secondary inorganic components. Indoor, the contribution of soil-related species from re-suspension of settled dust and secondary inorganic species from outdoor photochemical reactions became significant. Given that several indoor exceedances of the international air quality standards for PM2.5 were recorded during the most polluted days, the infiltration of outdoor air, due to the inadequate construction characteristics of the buildings and the absence of automated air filtration systems, seemed to be the main causes of the high PM concentrations measured indoor.
Ultrafine Particles in Residential Indoors and Doses Deposited in the Human Respiratory System
Authors: Manigrasso Maurizio , Guerriero Ettore , Avino Pasquale
Published: October 2015

Indoor aerosol sources may significantly contribute to the daily dose of particles deposited into the human respiratory system. Therefore, it is important to characterize the aerosols deriving from the operations currently performed in an indoor environment and also to estimate the relevant particle respiratory doses. For this aim, aerosols from indoor combustive and non-combustive sources were characterized in terms of aerosol size distributions, and the relevant deposition doses were estimated as a function of time, particle diameter and deposition site in the respiratory system. Ultrafine particles almost entirely made up the doses estimated. The maximum contribution was due to particles deposited in the alveolar region between the 18th and the 21st airway generation. When cooking operations were performed, respiratory doses per unit time were about ten-fold higher than the relevant indoor background dose. Such doses were even higher than those associated with outdoor traffic aerosol.
4-Hydroxy-nonenal—A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product
Authors: Schaur Rudolf , Siems Werner , Bresgen Nikolaus , Eckl Peter
Published: October 2015

This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
The Role of the COP9 Signalosome and Neddylation in DNA Damage Signaling and Repair
Authors: Chung Dudley , Dellaire Graham
Published: October 2015

The maintenance of genomic integrity is an important process in organisms as failure to sense and repair damaged DNA can result in a variety of diseases. Eukaryotic cells have developed complex DNA repair response (DDR) mechanisms to accurately sense and repair damaged DNA. Post-translational modifications by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, such as SUMO and NEDD8, have roles in coordinating the progression of DDR. Proteins in the neddylation pathway have also been linked to regulating DDR. Of interest is the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a multi-subunit metalloprotease present in eukaryotes that removes NEDD8 from cullins and regulates the activity of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). This in turn regulates the stability and turnover of a host of CRL-targeted proteins, some of which have established roles in DDR. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the role of the CSN and neddylation in DNA repair.
Towards an “Internet of Food”: Food Ontologies for the Internet of Things
Authors: Boulos Maged , Yassine Abdulslam , Shirmohammadi Shervin , Namahoot Chakkrit , Brückner Michael
Published: October 2015

Automated food and drink recognition methods connect to cloud-based lookup databases (e.g., food item barcodes, previously identified food images, or previously classified NIR (Near Infrared) spectra of food and drink items databases) to match and identify a scanned food or drink item, and report the results back to the user. However, these methods remain of limited value if we cannot further reason with the identified food and drink items, ingredients and quantities/portion sizes in a proposed meal in various contexts; i.e., understand from a semantic perspective their types, properties, and interrelationships in the context of a given user’s health condition and preferences. In this paper, we review a number of “food ontologies”, such as the Food Products Ontology/FOODpedia (by Kolchin and Zamula), Open Food Facts (by Gigandet et al.), FoodWiki (Ontology-driven Mobile Safe Food Consumption System by Celik), FOODS-Diabetes Edition (A Food-Oriented Ontology-Driven System by Snae Namahoot and Bruckner), and AGROVOC multilingual agricultural thesaurus (by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization—FAO). These food ontologies, with appropriate modifications (or as a basis, to be added to and further expanded) and together with other relevant non-food ontologies (e.g., about diet-sensitive disease conditions), can supplement the aforementioned lookup databases to enable progression from the mere automated identification of food and drinks in our meals to a more useful application whereby we can automatically reason with the identified food and drink items and their details (quantities and ingredients/bromatological composition) in order to better assist users in making the correct, healthy food and drink choices for their particular health condition, age, body weight/BMI (Body Mass Index), lifestyle and preferences, etc.
Important Variables When Screening for Students at Suicidal Risk: Findings from the French Cohort of the SEYLE Study
Authors: Kahn Jean-Pierre , Tubiana Alexandra , Cohen Renaud , Carli Vladimir , Wasserman Camilla , Hoven Christina , Sarchiapone Marco , Wasserman Danuta
Published: October 2015

Due to early detection of mental ill-health being an important suicide preventive strategy, the multi-centre EU funded “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) study compared three school-based mental health promotion programs to a control group. In France, 1007 students with a mean age of 15.2 years were recruited from 20 randomly assigned schools. This paper explores the French results of the SEYLE’s two-stage screening program (ProfScreen) and of the cross-program suicidal emergency procedure. Two-hundred-thirty-five ProfScreen students were screened using 13 psychopathological and risk behaviour scales. Students considered at risk because of a positive finding on one or more scales were offered a clinical interview and, if necessary, referred for treatment. A procedure for suicidal students (emergency cases) was set up to detect emergencies in the whole cohort (n = 1007). Emergency cases were offered the same clinical interview as the ProfScreen students. The interviewers documented their reasons for referrals in a short report. 16,2% of the ProfScreen students (38/235) were referred to treatment and 2,7% of the emergency cases (27/1007) were also referred to treatment due to high suicidal risk. Frequent symptoms in those students referred for evaluation were depression, alcohol misuse, non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI), and suicidal behaviours. According to the multivariate regression analysis of ProfScreen, the results show that the best predictors for treatment referral were NSSI (OR 2.85), alcohol misuse (OR 2.80), and depressive symptoms (OR 1.13). Analysis of the proportion for each scale of students referred to treatment showed that poor social relationships (60%), anxiety (50%), and suicidal behaviours (50%) generated the highest rate of referrals. Qualitative analysis of clinician’s motivations to refer a student to mental health services revealed that depressive symptoms (51%), anxiety (38%), suicidal behaviours (40%), and negative life events (35%) were the main reasons for referrals. Thus, not only the classical psychopathological symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal behaviours, but also negative life events and poor social relationships (especially isolation) motivate referrals for treatment.
Methodological Issues Associated with Studying the Flynn Effect: Exploratory and Confirmatory Efforts in the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rodgers Joseph
Published: October 2015

This essay, written by the guest editor, is an introduction to a special issue of the Journal of Intelligence devoted to methodological issues associated with the Flynn Effect. The essay evaluates past Flynn Effect research in terms of exploratory versus confirmatory efforts. Future research is also cast within this same framework. Finally, the four special issue papers are briefly reviewed, including comments on their own exploratory/confirmatory status.
Immunostimulative Activity of Low Molecular Weight Chitosans in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Wu Ning , Wen Zheng-Shun , Xiang Xing-Wei , Huang Yan-Na , Gao Yang , Qu You-Le
Published: October 2015

Chitosan and its derivatives such as low molecular weight chitosans (LMWCs) have been reported to exert many biological activities, such as antioxidant and antitumor effects. However, complex and molecular weight dependent effects of chitosan remain controversial and the mechanisms that mediate these complex effects are still poorly defined. This study was carried out to investigate the immunostimulative effect of different molecular weight chitosan in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our data suggested that two LMWCs (molecular weight of 3 kDa and 50 kDa) both possessed immunostimulative activity, which was dependent on dose and, at the higher doses, also on the molecular weight. LMWCs could significantly enhance the the pinocytic activity, and induce the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a molecular weight and concentration-dependent manner. LMWCs were further showed to promote the expression of the genes including iNOS, TNF-α. Taken together, our findings suggested that LMWCs elicited significantly immunomodulatory response through up-regulating mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activated RAW264.7 macrophage in a molecular weight- and concentration-dependent manner.
Marine Carotenoids against Oxidative Stress: Effects on Human Health
Authors: Gammone Maria , Riccioni Graziano , D'Orazio Nicolantonio
Published: October 2015

Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments that are produced in some plants, algae, fungi, and bacterial species, which accounts for their orange and yellow hues. Carotenoids are powerful antioxidants thanks to their ability to quench singlet oxygen, to be oxidized, to be isomerized, and to scavenge free radicals, which plays a crucial role in the etiology of several diseases. Unusual marine environments are associated with a great chemical diversity, resulting in novel bioactive molecules. Thus, marine organisms may represent an important source of novel biologically active substances for the development of therapeutics. In this respect, various novel marine carotenoids have recently been isolated from marine organisms and displayed several utilizations as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Marine carotenoids (astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein but also the rare siphonaxanthin, sioxanthin, and myxol) have recently shown antioxidant properties in reducing oxidative stress markers. This review aims to describe the role of marine carotenoids against oxidative stress and their potential applications in preventing and treating inflammatory diseases.
Shielding Electric Fields to Prevent Coalescence of Emulsions in Microfluidic Channels Using a 3D Metallic Coil
Authors: Li Jingmei , Liu Zhou , Huang Haibo , Shum Ho
Published: October 2015

In microfluidics, electric fields are widely used to assist the generation and the manipulation of droplets or jets. However, uncontrolled electric field can disrupt the operation of an integrated microfluidic system, for instance, through undesired coalescence of droplets, undesired changes in the wettability of the channel wall or unexpected death of cells. Therefore, an approach to control the distribution of electric fields inside microfluidic channels is needed. Inspired by the electro-magnetic shielding effect in electrical and radiation systems, we demonstrate the shielding of electric fields by incorporating 3D metallic coils in microfluidic devices. Using the degree of coalescence of emulsion drops as an indicator, we have shown that electric fields decrease dramatically in micro-channels surrounded by these conductive metallic coils both experimentally and numerically. Our work illustrates an approach to distribute electric fields in integrated microfluidic networks by selectively installing metallic coils or electrodes, and represents a significant step towards large-scale electro-microfluidic systems.
Therapeutic Oligonucleotides Targeting Liver Disease: TTR Amyloidosis
Authors: Niemietz Christoph , Chandhok Gursimran , Schmidt Hartmut
Published: October 2015

The liver has become an increasingly interesting target for oligonucleotide therapy. Mutations of the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR), expressed in vast amounts by the liver, result in a complex degenerative disease, termed familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Misfolded variants of TTR are linked to the establishment of extracellular protein deposition in various tissues, including the heart and the peripheral nervous system. Recent progress in the chemistry and formulation of antisense (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed for a knockdown of TTR mRNA in the liver has allowed to address the issue of gene-specific molecular therapy in a clinical setting of FAP. The two therapeutic oligonucleotides bind to RNA in a sequence specific manner but exploit different mechanisms. Here we describe major developments that have led to the advent of therapeutic oligonucleotides for treatment of TTR-related disease.
High Specific Capacitance of Polyaniline/Mesoporous Manganese Dioxide Composite Using KI-H2SO4 Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Zhongkai , Zu Lei , Jiang Yanhua , Lian Huiqin , Liu Yang , Li Zhenzi , Chen Fei , Wang Xiaodong , Cui Xiuguo
Published: October 2015

The PANI/Mesoporous MnO2 composites were prepared through a simple one step method and we introduced the KI-H2SO4 solution as the electrolyte of PANI/MnO2 composites creatively. The characterization of structure, morphology, and composition are obtained by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis, Raman spectra, and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical performances were investigated by constant-current charge–discharge, the voltammetry curve, and alternating current (AC) impedance technique. The specific capacitance of composites is 1405 F/g, which is almost 10 times larger than MnO2 (158 F/g). We also find that the iodide concentration is closely related to the specific capacitance. Therefore, we explored the specific capacitance at different iodide concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 M), the results indicated that the specific capacitance reached a maximum value (1580 F/g) at 0.5 mol/L. Additionally, the PANI/Mesoporous MnO2 composites not only exhibited a good ratio discharge property (857 F/g) at high current density, but also revealed an excellent cycling stability after 500 cycles, which retained 90% of the original specific capacitance.
A Hybrid Kernel-Based Change Detection Method for Remotely Sensed Data in a Similarity Space
Authors: Shah-Hosseini Reza , Homayouni Saeid , Safari Abdolreza
Published: October 2015

Detection of damages caused by natural disasters is a delicate and difficult task due to the time constraints imposed by emergency situations. Therefore, an automatic Change Detection (CD) algorithm, with less user interaction, is always very interesting and helpful. So far, there is no existing CD approach that is optimal and applicable in the case of (a) labeled samples not existing in the study area; (b) multi-temporal images being corrupted by either noise or non-normalized radiometric differences; (c) difference images having overlapped change and no-change classes that are non-linearly separable from each other. Also, a low degree of automation is not optimal for real-time CD applications and also one-dimensional representations of classical CD methods hide the useful information in multi-temporal images. In order to resolve these problems, two automatic kernel-based CD algorithms (KCD) were proposed based on kernel clustering and support vector data description (SVDD) algorithms in high dimensional Hilbert space. In this paper (a( a new similarity space was proposed in order to increase the separation between change and no-change classes, and also to decrease the processing time, (b) three kernel-based approaches were proposed for transferring the multi-temporal images from spectral space into high dimensional Hilbert space, (c) automatic approach was proposed to extract the precise labeled samples; (d) kernel parameter was selected automatically by optimizing an improved cost function and (e) initial value of the kernel parameter was estimated by a statistical method based on the L2-norm distance. Two different datasets including Quickbird and Landsat TM/ETM+ imageries were used for the accuracy of analysis of proposed methods. The comparative analysis showed the accuracy improvements of kernel clustering based CD and SVDD based CD methods with respect to the conventional CD techniques such as Minimum Noise Fraction, Independent Component Analysis, Spectral Angle Mapper, Simple Image differencing and Image Rationing, and also the computational cost analysis showed that implementation of the proposed CD method in similarity space decreases the processing runtime.
In-Season Mapping of Crop Type with Optical and X-Band SAR Data: A Classification Tree Approach Using Synoptic Seasonal Features
Authors: Villa Paolo , Stroppiana Daniela , Fontanelli Giacomo , Azar Ramin , Brivio Pietro
Published: October 2015

The work focuses on developing a classification tree approach for in-season crop mapping during early summer, by integrating optical (Landsat 8 OLI) and X-band SAR (COSMO-SkyMed) data acquired over a test site in Northern Italy. The approach is based on a classification tree scheme fed with a set of synoptic seasonal features (minimum, maximum and average, computed over the multi-temporal datasets) derived from vegetation and soil condition proxies for optical (three spectral indices) and X-band SAR (backscatter) data. Best performing input features were selected based on crop type separability and preliminary classification tests. The final outputs are crop maps identifying seven crop types, delivered during the early growing season (mid-July). Validation was carried out for two seasons (2013 and 2014), achieving overall accuracy greater than 86%. Results highlighted the contribution of the X-band backscatter (σ°) in improving mapping accuracy and promoting the transferability of the algorithm over a different year, when compared to using only optical features.
Assessment and Calibration of a RGB-D Camera (Kinect v2 Sensor) Towards a Potential Use for Close-Range 3D Modeling
Authors: Lachat Elise , Macher Hélène , Landes Tania , Grussenmeyer Pierre
Published: October 2015

In the last decade, RGB-D cameras - also called range imaging cameras - have known a permanent evolution. Because of their limited cost and their ability to measure distances at a high frame rate, such sensors are especially appreciated for applications in robotics or computer vision. The Kinect v1 (Microsoft) release in November 2010 promoted the use of RGB-D cameras, so that a second version of the sensor arrived on the market in July 2014. Since it is possible to obtain point clouds of an observed scene with a high frequency, one could imagine applying this type of sensors to answer to the need for 3D acquisition. However, due to the technology involved, some questions have to be considered such as, for example, the suitability and accuracy of RGB-D cameras for close range 3D modeling. In that way, the quality of the acquired data represents a major axis. In this paper, the use of a recent Kinect v2 sensor to reconstruct small objects in three dimensions has been investigated. To achieve this goal, a survey of the sensor characteristics as well as a calibration approach are relevant. After an accuracy assessment of the produced models, the benefits and drawbacks of Kinect v2 compared to the first version of the sensor and then to photogrammetry are discussed.
Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) Modeling Method for Gyro Random Noise Using a Robust Kalman Filter
Authors: Huang Lei
Published: October 2015

To solve the problem in which the conventional ARMA modeling methods for gyro random noise require a large number of samples and converge slowly, an ARMA modeling method using a robust Kalman filtering is developed. The ARMA model parameters are employed as state arguments. Unknown time-varying estimators of observation noise are used to achieve the estimated mean and variance of the observation noise. Using the robust Kalman filtering, the ARMA model parameters are estimated accurately. The developed ARMA modeling method has the advantages of a rapid convergence and high accuracy. Thus, the required sample size is reduced. It can be applied to modeling applications for gyro random noise in which a fast and accurate ARMA modeling method is required.
Decision Making on Allocating Urban Green Spaces Based upon Spatially-Varying Relationships between Urban Green Spaces and Urban Compaction Degree
Authors: Chang Hsueh-Sheng , Chen Tzu-Ling
Published: October 2015

The compact city is becoming a prevailing paradigm in the world to control urban sprawl and achieve a pattern of sustainable urban development. However, discussions of the area's overcrowded neighborhoods, its health problems, and the destruction of its green areas have inspired self-examination with respect to the compact city paradigm. High population density attracts even more residents and frequently renders the existing urban green space (UGS) insufficient for use as part of a living environment. Due to the unique benefits that these qualities confer, UGS allocation is now considered a significant contributing factor to urban livability. In addition, the UGS allocation may be different due to the presence of many spatial non-stationarity processes. Therefore, this study employs geographically-weighted regression (GWR) to explore the unique and spatially-explicit relationships between the degree of urban compaction and UGS within the Taipei metropolitan area. Maps summarizing the GWR results demonstrate that there is significantly insufficient UGS allocation in the central area, which consists mainly of Taipei City. Townships with higher parameters contain UGS levels that better meet the needs of their residents. Overall, the exploration of conceptualizing spatial heterogeneity of relationships between the degree of urban compaction and UGS can provide insightful analyses for decision-making on allocating UGS.
Application of Decision-Tree Model to Groundwater Productivity-Potential Mapping
Authors: Lee Saro , Lee Chang-Wook
Published: October 2015

For the sustainable use of groundwater, this study analyzed groundwater productivity-potential using a decision-tree approach in a geographic information system (GIS) in Boryeong and Pohang cities, Korea. The model was based on the relationship between groundwater-productivity data, including specific capacity (SPC), and its related hydrogeological factors. SPC data which is measured and calculated for groundwater productivity and data about related factors, including topography, lineament, geology, forest and soil data, were collected and input into a spatial database. A decision-tree model was applied and decision trees were constructed using the chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) and the quick, unbiased, and efficient statistical tree (QUEST) algorithms. The resulting groundwater-productivity-potential (GPP) maps were validated using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis with the well data that had not been used for training the model. In the Boryeong city, the CHAID and QUEST algorithms had accuracies of 83.31% and 79.47%, and in the Pohang city, the CHAID and QUEST algorithms had accuracies of 86.18% and 80.00%. As another validation, the GPP maps were validated by comparing the actual SPC data. As the result, in the Boryeong city, the CHAID and QUEST algorithms had accuracies of 96.55% and 94.92% and in the Pohang city, the CHAID and QUEST algorithms had accuracies of 87.88% and 87.50%. These results indicate that decision-tree models can be useful for development of groundwater resources.
L'atelier de potiers gallo-romain de Puyloubier (B.-du-Rh.). Prospections et étude du matériel.
Authors: Laubenheimer Fanette , Gruel Katherine , Naciri Abdellah , Pasquier Michel , Widemann François
Published: October 2015

The Gallo-Roman pottery workshop in Puyloubier (B.-du-Rh.). Site survey and study of the material.

On a site previously known, magnetic prospection revealed a group of kilns. Systematic surface collection in the surrounding fields yielded kiln wastes, such as fragments of amphoras, tiles, and common pottery. This was a pottery workshop of medium importance (less than 2,5 acres), containing three or four kilns.

The study of the material collected has revealed the particularities of the different productions. Among the amphoras a group stands out that is not well known, called "variant B" of the "Gauloise 1" form. Analysis by neutronic activation clusters all the productions from this pottery workshop into one single fairly homogeneous group.

The workshop functioned throughout the first century A.D. and was abandoned during the second century.
Le quartier sud de l'agglomération antique de Lunel-Viel (Hérault)
Authors: Raynaud Claude
Published: October 2015

Dans le cadre des recherches systématiques sur l'agglomération gallo-romaine de Lunel-Viel, l'étude du quartier sud apporte les premières données sur la chronologie de cet habitat rural. Les niveaux de l'Antiquité tardive, les plus nombreux, donnent un abondant mobilier qui permet de réaliser l'inventaire statistique précis des différentes catégories, et de sérier l'évolution des céramiques languedociennes du IIIème au VIème s. de n. è.

Les couches d'incendie d'une habitation du IIIème s. constituent un remarquable ensemble clos qui favorise l'approche ethnographique d'un espace de vie domestique à la fin de l'Antiquité.
L'oppidum du Baou-des-Noirs à Vence (A. -M.)
Authors: Latour Jean
Published: October 2015

The Baou-des-Noirs hill- fort at Vence (A.-M.)

The fortified settlement of Baou-des-Noirs, near Vence covers a surface of a little less than four acres. It was explored between 1972 and 1976, which permited a general survey of the site and of its principal defensive walls. From several prospect excavations it was possible to establish the stratigraphie sequences from the Late Bronze Age to the second century B. C. The main fortifications belong to the end of the sixth century, and they seem to have been obsolete by the time the hill-fort was abandoned. During the third century or the beginning of the second the summit of the mountain was reoccupied, including the construction of a monumental quadrangular tower. Carefully carved tufa blocks could permit a partial restoration of its walls. The tower brings to mind a relationship with the one at the Mauressip site (Gard).
L'étude des cadastres antiques : à propos d'Olbia de Provence
Authors: Benoit Jean
Published: October 2015

La connaissance des modes de l'occupation des sols, tant urbaine que rurale, prend de plus en plus d'importance dans l'approche actuelle des sociétés antiques. L'étude des cadastrations grecques et romaines du pourtour méditerranéen concerne également le Midi gaulois, non sans poser plusieurs problèmes de méthode pour leur identification, leur restitution et leur datation. Partant de ses récentes analyses sur la cadastration du territoire alentour de la fondation massaliote d'Olbia, J. Benoit s'interroge, en premier lieu, sur la fiabilité, les limites, voire les dangers des diverses techniques d'investigation généralement usitées.

A l'intérieur d'une zone cadastrée au Nord d'Olbia, J. Benoit dissocie celle située au Nord-Nord-Est de l'agglomération antique. Après une interprétation critique et des comparaisons méditerranéennes, l'auteur délimite une aire relativement réduite (305 ha), s'étalant entre mer et montagne, rythmée selon un module rectangulaire de 105 x 52,5 m. Ce cadastre, très probablement édifié sur la mesure d'un pied de 29,6 cm, pourrait se rapporter à l'époque de colonisation grecque (milieu du IVème - début du Ier s. av. J.-C).
Monnaies étrangères aux émissions massaliètes découvertes sur l'oppidum de La Cloche, aux Pennes-Mirabeau (B.-du-Rh.)
Authors: Chabot Louis
Published: October 2015

Coins foreign to Marseilles mint discovered at the hill-fort of La Cloche, in Les Pennes-Mirabeau (B.-du-Rh.)

The La Cloche hill-fort, situated near Marseilles has yielded since the beginning of the discoveries in 1967, close to a thousand coins essentially produced in the Greek city. Through this article L. Chabot gives a complete inventory of the coins that are foreign to the Marseilles mint. This amounts to 82 specimens which are carefully described and illustrated. The coins are presented according to their region of origine (Italy, Cyrenaica, Ibiza, Narbonnaise Gaul, Gallia Comata, Celtic Gaul). Their presence in this settlement violently destroyed about 50 B. C, and never reoccupied, enables interesting associations and chronological precisions concerning their date of appearance throughout the first century B. C.
L'analyse pétrographique des céramiques et le problème de la provenance des amphores massaliètes (VIème-IIème s. av. J.-C) [L'origine des amphores massaliètes (I)]
Authors: Reille Jean-Louis
Published: October 2015

Petrographie pottery analysis and the problem of the origine of Massaliote amphoras.

From a selection of samples of Marseilles type amphoras found in a site of the lower Rhône valley, but convering a chronological scale of four centuries, the author renews the question about the original center of production of the containers. A critical pétrographie analysis of the dégraissant (scouring agent) allows to claim with certitude that its origine is the Maures Massif (as it was proposed before), and more precisely the coastal area between the Levant He and Cavalaire. However the presumption of a local fabrication of these vessels, using a natural unadulterated clay is invalidated by the analyses of alluvial soil of the middle and the lower Argens valley.

The study does not clarify the exact origine of the amphoras, but it eliminates the idea of a systematic fabrication center on the Var coast, leaving a wide range open to all possibilities, includind the one of regrouping the workshops... near Marseilles !
Sépultures à incinération du Ier s. de n. è. découvertes à Cavaillon (Vaucluse).
Authors: Bellet Michel-Édouard , Dumoulin André
Published: October 2015

En 1977, une découverte fortuite suivie d'une fouille de sauvetage au quartier des Basses-Ferrailles, ont permis, sinon d'observer attentivement les rites funéraires, du moins de préserver une bonne partie du mobilier conservé en association. Ces sépultures donnent l'emplacement d'une des nécropoles de la ville antique, au début du Haut-Empire.
Fouilles récentes à Toulon (Var) [quartier Besagne, 1985-1986]
Authors: Bérato Jacques , Borréani Marc , Lecacheur Pascal , Pasqualini Michel , Rigoir Jacqueline , Rigoir Yves , Theveny Jean-Michel
Published: October 2015

Par le biais d'une présentation rapide des stratigraphies et du mobilier exhumé, les auteurs rendent compte du résultat des fouilles qui s'effectuent au quartier Besagne de Toulon depuis deux ans. L'article, très illustré, présente le matériel archéologique de plusieurs sondages pour des périodes qui s'échelonnent du Haut-Empire à l'Antiquité tardive (céramiques fines modelées et tournées, amphores, numismatique).
Le point sur cinq années de recherches [L'origine des amphores massaliètes (II)]
Authors: Echallier Jean-Claude
Published: October 2015

En réponse à trois articles parus dans le tome 8, J.-Cl. Echallier précise brièvement son point de vue sur la nature des argiles qui composent les amphores massaliètes. Ses conclusions, prudentes et ouvertes, complètent celles de ses articles antérieurs (voir en particulier celui du tome 5 de cette collection).
Une tombe à incinération du Haut-Empire au Mas Darnès (Argilliers, Gard)
Authors: Goury Dominic , Pène Jean-Michel
Published: October 2015

Près d'un habitat rural gallo-romain furent découverts en 1982 les vestiges d'une sépulture à incinération, bouleversée par un labourage profond. L'étude du mobilier recueilli permet de dater cette tombe de la fin du Ier s. ou du début du IIème s. ap. J.-C.
Vestiges de constructions gallo-romaines à Aix-en-Provence
Authors: Bernardi Philippe , Bonifay Michel
Published: October 2015

Les travaux réalisés en 1986 près de la chapelle de N.-D. de Consolation ont permis de dégager cinq ensembles de vestiges très incomplets : bâtiments utilitaires, pièces d'habitation décorées, divers éléments architecturaux. Ce sont en définitive des constructions étagées en terrasses successives dont l'implantation topographique oblige aujourd'hui à repousser les limites septentrionales de l'agglomération antique.
Les formes de Dérivées-des-Sigillées Paléochrétiennes à bec tubulaire
Authors: Bonifay Michel , Rigoir Yves
Published: October 2015

Présentation typologique et chronologique de formes ouvertes découvertes en Languedoc ou en Provence, et caractérisées par l'adjonction d'un bec tubulaire.
L'habitat de hauteur de Sainte-Propice (Velaux, B.-du-Rh.). L'occupation de l'Antiquité tardive
Authors: Boixadera Michel , Bonifay Michel , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Rigoir Jacqueline , Rigoir Yves , Rivet Lucien
Published: October 2015

The Sainte-Propice hilltop settlement at Velaux (B.-du-Rh.). The Late Antiquity occupation.

In the lower Arc valley, the Sainte-Propice plateau revealed a pre-Roman settlement, where later structures were built during the Late Antiquity period, and mainly in the northwestern extremity of the site. A limited excavation in this last zone enabled to unearth the stone foundations of a single dwelling. The article is mainly concerned with the analysis of the different types of pottery brought to light in the strata related to this habitation : clear Terra Sigillata D ceramic, sigillata -derived Early Christian ware, common pottery made of dark clay (local or imported). The explored house seem to have lasted a relatively short period, between the middle of the 5th to, at the latest, the middle of the 6th century A. D.
Deux gisements de plaine de la fin de l'Age du Fer en Malgoirès (Gard) : Pont-Cabanel à Sauzet et Pont-du-Clapas à Saint-Bauzély
Authors: Dedet Bernard
Published: October 2015

L'auteur analyse des mobiliers céramiques anciennement découverts en plaine sur deux gisements du Malgoirès (Gard). Ces documents apportent des témoignages complémentaires à l'occupation de cette région du Languedoc oriental durant les IIème et Ier s. av. J.-C.
L'habitat F des Sausses (Séguret, Vaucluse). Aspects de la petite exploitation paysanne sous le Haut-Empire autour de Vaison-la-Romaine
Authors: Meffre Joël-Claude
Published: October 2015

Conjointement à une enquête sur l'occupation antique des terroirs dans la région de Séguret, la fouille récente de structures d'habitat dans le vallon des Sausses nous permet désormais d'appréhender une petite exploitation paysanne d'une superficie d'environ 250 m2. Fondée autour du changement d'ère, cette unité d'habitation paraît avoir existé jusque vers 150-170. Son analyse architecturale détaillée montre un agrandissement du corps principal par l'ajouts successifs d'autres espaces annexes et souligne le caractère essentiellement agricole de l'ensemble. Les technologies mises en œuvre s'inscrivent globalement dans la continuité des pratiques protohistoriques tout en assimilant les nouveaux apports contemporains. La "ferme" étudiée est incluse dans un ensemble de dix autres relativement proches.

Cette publication (qui en annonce d'autres) pose une série d'interrogations sur la composition et la variété des modes d'implantation dans les terroirs de la région de Vaison-la-Romaine au début du Haut-Empire.
Le hameau fortifié du Puig Castellet à Lloret de Mar (Girona, Espagne). Un bilan des recherches.
Authors: Pons i Brun Enriqueta , Llorens i Rams Josep Maria , Toledo i Mur Assumpció
Published: October 2015

Résumé - La petite agglomération fortifiée du Puig Castellet couvre une superficie de 650m2. Sa fonction essentielle paraît liée à la surveillance des côtes et du territoire avoisinant. Ce petit hameau de hauteur, encore peu connu des archéologues français, présente l'intérêt majeur d'être aujourd'hui fouillé dans sa totalité. A l'intérieur du mur d'enceinte (dont une des portes est renforcée par une tour), les espaces de vie répartis latéralement déterminent une aire centrale collective. Trois principales phases d'évolution ont été déterminées durant une période d'existence relativement courte comprise entre 275 et 225 av. J.-C.

Cet article est la première synthèse de ces fouilles publiée en langue française ; il insiste particulièrement sur le contexte naturel, l'organisation de l'habitat, les technologies mises en œuvre, les structures domestiques ou collectives.
A propos des découvertes anciennes de canalisations en amphores de type spatheion à Eyguières (Bouches-du-Rhône).
Authors: Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Poguet Michel
Published: October 2015

Dans le cadre d'une étude générale de la commune d'Eyguières, les auteurs se penchent sur la découverte, au début des années 20, d'une canalisation en amphores au lieu-dit La Patouillarde. Outre l'intérêt de ce système de canalisation peu publié, l'analyse comparative des spatheia (sans doute d'origine africaine) montre l'importance du domaine agricole de Saint-Pierre durant l'Antiquité tardive.
Usages funéraires dans l'Aude au premier Age du fer et au début du second.
Authors: Rancoule Guy
Published: October 2015

Cette approche synthétique des usages funéraires durant l'Age du fer dans le département de l'Aude est une nouvelle étape dans la perception globale de la documentation archéologique de cette région. Un bref rappel des connaissances pour la fin de l'Age du bronze introduit aux questions des siècles ultérieurs. L'auteur propose une typologie chronologique des formes de la tombe jusqu'au Ve s. av. J.-C, les sépultures audoises demeurant mal connues après le début du IVe s. Abordés point par point, les structures et les rites funéraires sont décrits dans leurs caractères répétitifs ou particuliers. L'ensemble des observations permet de mettre en évidence des étapes chronologiques évolutives bien différenciées.
Le village protohistorique du quartier de l'Ile à Martigues (B.-du-Rh.). Les espaces domestiques de la phase primitive (début du Ve s. — début du IIe s. av. J.—C). I - Les aménagements domestiques.
Authors: Chausserie-Laprée Jean , Nin Núria
Published: October 2015

De 1978 à 1989, d'importantes recherches archéologiques liées à la revalorisation urbaine du quartier de l'Ile à Martigues ont révélé de vastes portions de deux villages protohistoriques successifs, urbanisés et fortifiés. A la suite des travaux portant sur l'urbanisme, la fortification et l'architecture de l'agglomération primitive (articles parus dans les tomes 7, 1984, pp. 27-52 et 10, 1987, pp. 31-89), les auteurs achèvent ici leur enquête sur les structures bâties par l'étude des espaces domestiques.

Après une définition précise du cadre spatial et chronologique de la recherche, un inventaire détaillé décrit les différents dispositifs rencontrés (structures de combustion et de stockage, banquettes et murets, etc.). Pour chaque ensemble, l'analyse des données permet de dégager une typologie morphologique et fonctionnelle pour les aménagements du site mais également pour ceux des autres habitats du Midi de la Gaule. Dans un second temps, une approche diachronique met en valeur les évolutions et les permanences entrevues au cours des trois siècles de l'occupation du village (du Ve à la fin du IIIe s. av. J.-C).
Pratiques cultuelles et funéraires en milieu domestique sur les oppidums languedociens.
Authors: Dedet Bernard , Schwaller Martine
Published: October 2015

This synthetic approach to the familt cultand burial practices in the Iron Age habitats of the languedoc is the first of its kind in Southern Gaul. The reflexions are based on a complete analysis of the existing documentation and stress its limitations caused by difficulties in interpretation and attribution. The documents selected by the authors are listed, commented and placed in a wider socio-cultural context, arranged in several series established according to their probable significance. A first groupe consists of human remains found in a homogeneous context. It is completed by an analysis of isolated remains of the same nature. A third group includes specific objects deposited in graves and objects with a possible ritual function.

Cautiously and fully conscious of the dangers of over-interpretation, the authors attempt to discover the nature of the actions revealing the mentalities and beliefs of thre Iron Age, stressing the regional traditions and, in contrast, the out- sides influences, in this case Hellenic. Some documents suggest collective practices (e.g. graves of prominent persons). Most, however, point to family (infant burial) or individual (amulets, etc.) practices. The distribution of practices over space and time is also discussed.
Les Cannebières à Correns (Var) : un sanctuaire antique ?
Authors: Michel Jean-Marie , Brun Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2015

Une prospection a entraîné la découverte à Correns (Var) d'un site rendu particulier par l'absence de structures bâties et la composition de son mobilier. Ce dernier se compose pour l'essentiel de jetons en plomb, incisés, de monnaies et de céramiques (tournés majoritairement et de petits formats), le tout réparti sur environ 600 m2. Après une analyse du contexte archéologique de la Préhistoire à l'époque médiévale et la recherche de comparaisons, l'auteur suggère la présence en ce lieu d'un sanctuaire (sans doute modeste et peut-être en limites de peuples). Il serait fréquenté du IVe s. av. J.-C. au début du IVe s. de n. è., avec un accroissement sous le Haut Empire romain.
Amphores récentes de Marseille. Les types à fond plat de la région lyonnaise.
Authors: Desbat Armand
Published: October 2015

The flast-bades amphora with a bandeau-shaped rim, produced in Marseille from the beginning of the Augustan era onwards, has been rather widely distributed in the Rhône valley and farther north, along the Rhone-Rhine axis. The author describes the sites of Vienne and Lyons which have yielded a comparatively large number of specimina in a well-defined chronological context. He discusses the technical and morphological characteristics of the product and the fact that other forms of containers can be ascribed to the same Massaliote factories, although in much smaller quantities (Dressel 2/4 and Pascual 1).
A propos de quelques fragments de plats rectangulaires en terre cuite découverts en Narbonnaise.
Authors: Guéry Roger
Published: October 2015

Les plats rectangulaires en sigillée claire sont des formes moulées, inspirées de la vaisselle métallique précieuse. L'auteur en dresse la genèse, montre leur apparition précoce (Ier s. av. J.-C.) tout en constatant leur rareté jusqu'au IIIe s. C'est au cours de l'Antiquité tardive que les officines africaines produisent ce type de plat en série. Plusieurs fragments de tels plats découverts en Provence occidentale sont répertoriés et illustrés.