bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support needs of carers making proxy healthcare decisions for people with dementia: a systematic review based on the Noblit and Hare meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Hodges Victoria , Hynes Catherine , Lassa Samuel , Mitchell Caroline
Published: December 2021

Background

There are 50 million dementia sufferers worldwide. Decisions about healthcare often need to be made when the person with dementia lacks capacity to do so.

Understanding the support needs of carers acting as proxy healthcare decision-makers will be vital in improving the decision-making process for people with dementia and addressing the holistic needs of carers.

Objective

The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on the support needs of carers acting as proxy healthcare decision-makers for people with dementia.

Design

A qualitative systematic review protocol was published on PROSPERO. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise study quality. A meta-ethnographic synthesis was performed to develop third-order constructs.

Data sources

A search was conducted using three online databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO).

Eligibility criteria

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria: primary qualitative research involving carers of people with dementia who had been involved in making proxy healthcare decisions.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent researchers conducted validity assessments for each paper selected for inclusion, and discrepancies were resolved by discussions with a third reviewer. Nvivo software was used and conceptual findings from study papers lead to interpretations of findings by the team.

Results

From the 15 papers included in the study, three main domains arose from the meta-ethnography; informational, practical and emotional. Informational support needs included information about dementia itself and the anticipated disease trajectory. Practical needs included continuity of care, person-centred care and the use of legal frameworks.

Emotional support included recognising the guilt that healthcare decisions can provoke and the importance of providing guidance in an empathic manner.

Conclusions

This meta-ethnography highlights opportunities for healthcare professionals and policymakers to improve experiences of carers making proxy healthcare decisions for people with dementia.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020124485.
Focused educational intervention improves intern knowledge of perioperative patient blood management principles
Authors: Wyssusek Kerstin , Taylor Kate , Concha-Blamey Sandra
Published: December 2021

A perioperative patient blood management (PBM) educational intervention was implemented for first year postgraduate doctors (interns) at the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) following identification of a perioperative PBM training requirement. This quality improvement activity evaluated the effectiveness of this educational intervention in improving intern knowledge of perioperative PBM principles.

A 15-question perioperative PBM focused multiple choice questionnaire developed from information attained from comprehensive, evidence and consensus-based guidelines regarding PBM practice was distributed to interns immediately before a compulsory perioperative PBM educational intervention and then again 5 weeks later. The perioperative PBM educational intervention was delivered every 10 weeks (five interventions in total) to a different group of interns each time. Statistical analysis determined significance between mean questionnaire score before and after the intervention.

The mean pre-intervention score for correctly answered questions was 7/15 (SD 2.73) and mean post-intervention score was 9/15 (SD 2.99) (p=0.02). Categorisation of questions into core domains of perioperative PBM demonstrated intern scores for correctly answered questions improved in all domains following the educational intervention.

Perioperative PBM education delivered through a dedicated intervention aimed to improve knowledge is associated with objective evidence of educational benefits for interns at RBWH. It is an effective strategy to enact PBM governance and bestow clinical guideline knowledge. This is important given the global health sector’s challenge to improve patient outcomes despite increasingly restricted funding and pressure on doctors to devote more time to service and less to teaching.
De novo coding variants in the AGO1 gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability
Authors: Schalk Audrey , Cousin Margot A , Dsouza Nikita R , Challman Thomas D , Wain Karen E , Powis Zoe , Minks Kelly , Trimouille Aurélien , Lasseaux Eulalie , Lacombe Didier , Angelini Chloé , Michaud Vincent , Van-Gils Julien , Spataro Nino , Ruiz Anna , Gabau Elizabeth , Stolerman Elliot , Washington Camerun , Louie Ray , Lanpher Brendan C , Kemppainen Jennifer L , Innes Micheil , Kooy Frank , Meuwissen Marije , Goldenberg Alice , Lecoquierre Francois , Vera Gabriella , Diderich Karin E M , Sheidley Beth , El Achkar Christelle Moufawad , Park Meredith , Hamdan Fadi F , Michaud Jacques L , Lewis Ann J , Zweier Christiane , Reis André , Wagner Matias , Weigand Heike , Journel Hubert , Keren Boris , Passemard Sandrine , Mignot Cyril , van Gassen Koen , Brilstra Eva H , Itzikowitz Gina , O'Heir Emily , Allen Jake , Donald Kirsten A , Korf Bruce Richard , Skelton Tammi , Thompson Michelle , Robin Nathaniel H , Rudy Natasha L , Dobyns William B , Foss Kimberly , Zarate Yuri Alexander , Bosanko Katherine A , Alembik Yves , Durand Benjamin , Tran Mau-them Frederic , Ranza Emmanuelle , Blanc Xavier , Antonarakis Stylianos E , McWalter Kirsty , Torti Erin , Millan Francisca , Dameron Amy , Tokita Mari , Zimmermann Michael T , Klee Eric W , Piton Amelie , Gerard Benedicte
Published: December 2021

Background

High-impact pathogenic variants in more than a thousand genes are involved in Mendelian forms of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).

Methods

This study describes the molecular and clinical characterisation of 28 probands with NDD harbouring heterozygous AGO1 coding variants, occurring de novo for all those whose transmission could have been verified (26/28).

Results

A total of 15 unique variants leading to amino acid changes or deletions were identified: 12 missense variants, two in-frame deletions of one codon, and one canonical splice variant leading to a deletion of two amino acid residues. Recurrently identified variants were present in several unrelated individuals: p.(Phe180del), p.(Leu190Pro), p.(Leu190Arg), p.(Gly199Ser), p.(Val254Ile) and p.(Glu376del). AGO1 encodes the Argonaute 1 protein, which functions in gene-silencing pathways mediated by small non-coding RNAs. Three-dimensional protein structure predictions suggest that these variants might alter the flexibility of the AGO1 linker domains, which likely would impair its function in mRNA processing. Affected individuals present with intellectual disability of varying severity, as well as speech and motor delay, autistic behaviour and additional behavioural manifestations.

Conclusion

Our study establishes that de novo coding variants in AGO1 are involved in a novel monogenic form of NDD, highly similar to the recently reported AGO2-related NDD.
Development of the UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale for Youth
Authors: Noar Seth M , Gottfredson Nisha , Vereen Rhyan N , Kurtzman Rachel , Sheldon Jennifer Mendel , Adams Elizabeth , Hall Marissa G , Brewer Noel T
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Tobacco prevention media campaigns are an important tool to address youth tobacco use. We developed a theory-based perceived message effectiveness (PME) Scale to use when vetting messages for campaigns.

Methods

Participants were a national sample of N=623 US adolescents (ages 13–17 years) recruited from a national probability-based panel. In an online experiment, we randomised adolescents to view tobacco prevention ads. All participants viewed an ad on smoking or vaping from the US Food and Drug Administration’sThe Real Costcampaign and a control video, in a random order. After ad exposure, we assessed PME using nine candidate items and constructs for convergent and criterion validity analyses. We used confirmatory factor analysis and examined information curves to select the scale items.

Results

A brief PME scale with three items (α=0.95) worked equally well for demographically diverse adolescents with different patterns of tobacco use.The Real Costads generated higher PME scores than the control videos for both vaping and smoking (convergent validity; p<0.05). Higher PME scores were associated with greater attention, fear, cognitive elaboration and anticipated social interactions (convergent validity; r=0.31–0.66), as well as more negative attitudes toward and lower susceptibility to vaping and smoking (criterion validity; r=−0.14 to −0.37). A single-item PME measure performed similarly to the three-item version.

Conclusions

The University of North Carolina PME Scale for Youth is a reliable and valid measure of the potential effectiveness of vaping and smoking prevention ads. Employing PME scales during message development and selection may help youth tobacco prevention campaigns deploy more effective ads.
Deep reinforcement learning for universal quantum state preparation via dynamic pulse control
Authors: He Run-Hong , Wang Rui , Nie Shen-Shuang , Wu Jing , Zhang Jia-Hui , Wang Zhao-Ming
Published: December 2021

Accurate and efficient preparation of quantum state is a core issue in building a quantum computer. In this paper, we investigate how to prepare a certain single- or two-qubit target state from arbitrary initial states in semiconductor double quantum dots with only a few discrete control pulses by leveraging the deep reinforcement learning. Our method is based on the training of the network over numerous preparing tasks. The results show that once the network is well trained, it works for any initial states in the continuous Hilbert space. Thus repeated training for new preparation tasks is avoided. Our scheme outperforms the traditional optimization approaches based on gradient with both the higher efficiency and the preparation quality in discrete control space. Moreover, we find that the control trajectories designed by our scheme are robust against stochastic fluctuations within certain thresholds, such as the charge and nuclear noises.
Photo-induced intramolecular electron transfer in phenoxazine-phthalocyanine donor-acceptor systems
Authors: Srivishnu K.S. , Naresh Madarapu , Laxmikanth Rao J. , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: December 2021

Donor-Acceptor (D-A) systems based on phenoxazine – phthalocyanine (PXZ-Pc) and phenoxazine – zinc phthalocyanine (PXZ-ZnPc) have been designed and synthesized. Both D-A systems are characterized using various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques including in-situ methods. Optical absorption studies suggest that both Soret and Q bands of these D-A systems are hypsochromically and bathochromically shifted, when compared to its individual constituents. The study supported by theoretical calculations shows clearly that there exists a negligible electronic communication in the ground state between donor phenoxazine and acceptor phthalocyanine. However, attractively, both D-A systems exhibit noteworthy fluorescence emission quenching (90–99%) of the phthalocyanine emission compared to its reference compounds. The fluorescence emission quenching featured at the excited-state intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from ground state of phenoxazine to the excited state of phthalocyaine/zinc phthalocyanine. The rates of electron-transfer ([Formula: see text] of these D-A systems are found in the range of 5.7 × 108to 2.8 × 109s[Formula: see text] and are according to solvent polarity.
Ensemble Metropolis Light Transport
Authors: Bashford-Rogers Thomas , Santos Luís Paulo , Marnerides Demetris , Debattista Kurt
Published: December 2021

This article proposes a
Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(
MCMC
) rendering algorithm based on a family of guided transition kernels. The kernels exploit properties of ensembles of light transport paths, which are distributed according to the lighting in the scene, and utilize this information to make informed decisions for guiding local path sampling. Critically, our approach does not require caching distributions in world space, saving time and memory, yet it is able to make guided sampling decisions based on whole paths. We show how this can be implemented efficiently by organizing the paths in each ensemble and designing transition kernels for MCMC rendering based on a carefully chosen subset of paths from the ensemble. This algorithm is easy to parallelize and leads to improvements in variance when rendering a variety of scenes.
Topic-aware Incentive Mechanism for Task Diffusion in Mobile Crowdsourcing through Social Network
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhou Yuanhang , Chen Gongyu , Ding Yuqing , Yang Dejun , Liu Linfeng
Published: December 2021

Crowdsourcing has become an efficient paradigm to utilize human intelligence to perform tasks that are challenging for machines. Many incentive mechanisms for crowdsourcing systems have been proposed. However, most of existing incentive mechanisms assume that there are sufficient participants to perform crowdsourcing tasks. In large-scale crowdsourcing scenarios, this assumption may be not applicable. To address this issue, we diffuse the crowdsourcing tasks in social network to increase the number of participants. To make the task diffusion more applicable to crowdsourcing system, we enhance the classicIndependent Cascademodel so the influence is strongly connected with both the types and topics of tasks. Based on the tailored task diffusion model, we formulate theBudget Feasible Task Diffusion(BFTD) problem for maximizing the value function of platform with constrained budget. We design a parameter estimation algorithm based onExpectation Maximizationalgorithm to estimate the parameters in proposed task diffusion model. Benefitting from the submodular property of the objective function, we apply the budget-feasible incentive mechanism, which satisfies desirable properties of computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget-feasible, truthfulness, and guaranteed approximation, to stimulate the task diffusers. The simulation results based on two real-world datasets show that our incentive mechanism can improve the number of active users and the task completion rate by 9.8% and 11%, on average.
ZnO and Simonkolleite Nanocomposite Synthesis via Green Chemistry Using Hibiscus Flower Extract
Authors: Aida M. S. , Hjiri M , Alonizan N. H , Zarrad B , Hammad A. H , Zahrani M. K. Al
Published: December 2021

In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and Simonkolleite (SK) nanocomposite was prepared using a facile green synthesis route, using hibiscus flower extract. Zinc chloride as starting solution was mixed with hibiscus plant extract. The zinc salt molarity was varied in order to investigate its effect on the synthetized nanocomposite structure. The synthetized nanocomposite were characterized by mean of X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the zinc chloride molarity plays a key role in zinc oxide and simonkolleite nanopowder synthesis. The increase in zinc salt molarity above 0.1 M yields to a pure simonkolleite. While, at low zinc salt molarity, the formed nanoparticles are composed of mixture of simonkolleite and ZnO. The thermal treatment causes a partial conversion of simonkolleite to ZnO.
High Absorption Electromagnetic Wave Properties of Composite CoFeO3 Synthesized by Simple Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Heryanto Heryanto , Tahir Dahlang
Published: December 2021

Electronic equipment demand is strongly correlated to the electromagnetic wave interference (EMI), which causes severe effects on human health. Microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) are one method to protect human health from EMI. Cobalt nanoparticles show high performance as MAMs. Here, we have synthesized CoFeO3 by simple mechanical alloying for increased multiple reflections, interfacial polarization, magnetic domain loss, electron spin loss, internal resonance, hoping electron, conductive loss, and multiple scattering for improved absorption of EMI waves. We determined the electronic properties from the Quantum Espresso (QE) and corresponding results are discussed. The metallic character comes from the d-state of transition metal atoms Fe (II) and Co which are sufficiently large in magnitude in the Fermi level of band structure and density of state (DOS) distribution. Crystallite size in the range of 13.6 to 18.7 nm with surface morphology shows irregular shapes of the particles. For CoFeO3 as MAMs, we found that the reflection loss (RL) is −55 dB (lower than the previous reported −43.2 dB) at 10–11 GHz for a thickness of 8 mm, indicating that this study shows high potential of CoFeO3 as an alternative composite for MAMs applications.
Electrical and Optical Characteristics of SSI-LED Made from Capacitor Containing Tri-Layer WOx Embedded Zr-Doped HfOx Gate Dielectric
Authors: Lin Wen-Shan , Kuo Yue
Published: December 2021

Solid-state incandescent light emitting devices made from MOS capacitors with the WOx embedded Zr-doped HfOx gate dielectric were characterized for electrical and optical characteristics. Devices made from capacitors containing Zr-doped HfOx and WOx, gate dielectrics were also fabricated for comparison. The device with the WOx embedded gate dielectric layer had electrical and light emitting characteristics between that with WOx gate dielectric layer and that with the Zr-doped HfOx but no WOx embedded gate dielectric layer. The difference can be explained by the nano-resistor formation process and the content of the high emissivity W in the nano-resistor. The device made from the WOx embedded Zr-doped HfOx gate dielectric MOS capacitor is applicable to areas where uniform emission of warm white light is required.
Susceptibility to diet-induced obesity at thermoneutral conditions is independent of UCP1
Authors: Dieckmann Sebastian , Strohmeyer Akim , Willershäuser Monja , Maurer Stefanie F. , Wurst Wolfgang , Marschall Susan , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Kühn Ralf , Worthmann Anna , Fuh Marceline M. , Heeren Joerg , Köhler Nikolai , Pauling Josch K. , Klingenspor Martin
Published: December 2021

We provide evidence that the abundance of UCP1 does not influence energy metabolism at thermoneutrality studying a novel Cre-mediated UCP1-KO mouse model. This model will be a foundation for a better understanding of the contribution of UCP1 in different cell types or life stages to energy metabolism.
Multiomic identification of factors associated with progression to cystic kidney disease in mice with nephron Ift88 disruption
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Beebe Katherine , Hernandez Edgar J. , Lazaro-Guevara Jose M. , Revelo Monica P. , Huang Yufeng , Maschek J. Alan , Cox James E. , Kohan Donald E.
Published: December 2021

Male, but not female, mice with nephron intraflagellar transport protein 88 ( Ift88) gene knockout (KO) develop polycystic kidneys by ∼1 yr postnatal. We performed multiomic analysis of precystic male and female Ift88 KO and control kidneys. Precystic male Ift88 KO mice exhibited differential alterations (vs. females) in mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and/or lipids associated with renal extracellular matrix metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation, circadian rhythm, and other pathways. These findings suggest targets for evaluation in the pathogenesis of Ift88 KO polycystic kidneys.
Mechanisms and physiological implications of cooperative gating of clustered ion channels
Authors: Dixon Rose E. , Navedo Manuel F. , Binder Marc D. , Santana L. Fernando
Published: December 2021

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion channels have always been thought of as independent agents. A myriad of recent experimental findings exploiting advances in electrophysiology, structural biology, and imaging techniques, however, have posed a serious challenge to this long-held axiom, as several classes of ion channels appear to open and close in a coordinated, cooperative manner. Ion channel cooperativity ranges from variable-sized oligomeric cooperative gating in voltage-gated, dihydropyridine-sensitive CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 channels to obligatory dimeric assembly and gating of voltage-gated NaV1.5 channels. Potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide-activated channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) have also been shown to gate cooperatively. The implications of cooperative gating of these ion channels range from fine-tuning excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells to regulating cardiac function and vascular tone, to modulation of action potential and conduction velocity in neurons and cardiac cells, and to control of pacemaking activity in the heart. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to cooperative gating of ion channels, their physiological consequences, and how alterations in cooperative gating of ion channels may induce a range of clinically significant pathologies.
Comparison of Clinical Features and Inflammatory Markers between Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome and Kawasaki Disease without Shock: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zheng Qin , Li Feng
Published: December 2021

Since the shock is not a common symptom of KD, it is often misdiagnosed at the beginning of the pathogenesis of KDSS. The language searched was only Chinese and English. Data from the articles were screened and extracted for meta-analysis using Stata16.0 software. A total of 9 cohort studies, including 1231 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that the age of the children in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI (0.52, 1.78),

P
<
0.05

); the CRP content in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = 1.99, 95% CI (0.72, 3.26),

P
<
0.05

); the albumin content in the KDSS group was lower than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = −1.26, 95% CI (−1.85,−0.67),

P
<
0.05

); the AST content in the KDSS group was higher than that in the KD group without shock, and the difference was statistically significant (WMD = 25.95, 95% CI (15.14, 36.75),

P
<
0.05

); the difference had statistical significance (RR = 3.50, 95% CI (2.30, 5.32),

P
<
0.05

); meta-analysis results of type of KD, fever duration, WBC count, ESR, ALT, and other outcome measures showed that there was no significant difference between KDSS and KD without shock (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with KD without shock, children with KDSS are older and have a higher incidence of coronary artery disease, serum CRP, and AST, but albumin is lower than KD without shock. According to these characteristics, it may be helpful for the early identification of KDSS.
Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2
Authors: Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad , Mehdizadeh Maryam , Goudarzi Sepideh , Habibi Sayed Amir Hasan , Meimandi Mahsa , Dehmiyani Arian , Taghizadeh Ghorban
Published: December 2021

Objective. Sleep problems are nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease that should be carefully evaluated for better management and treatment. Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2) is one of the most reliable tools for measuring sleep difficulties in people with Parkinson’s disease. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PDSS-2. Methods. Four hundred and fifty-six people with Parkinson’s disease with a mean age ±standard deviation of 60.7 ± 11.3 years were engaged in this study. Acceptability was assessed by floor and ceiling effects. Dimensionality was measured by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity of PDSS-2 with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was assessed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Results. No noticeable ceiling and floor effect was detected. The dimensionality analysis showed three factors. A high correlation was obtained between PDSS-2 and HADS (anxiety subscale). Excellent internal consistency with α = 0.94, and good test-retest reliability with ICC = 0.89 were obtained. Conclusion. This study showed that the Persian version of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring sleep disturbances in people with Parkinson’s disease.
Painong San, a Traditional Chinese Compound Herbal Medicine, Restores Colon Barrier Function on DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: Rui Xuelin , Li Jiacheng , Yang Ye , Xu Li , Liu Yang , Zhang Mengmeng , Yin Dengke
Published: December 2021

Objective. The intestinal barrier decreases in colitis and restores the integrity of the mucosal barriers that could be used for the treatment of colitis. Painong San (PNS), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine originally recorded in “Jingui Yaolve” by Zhongjing Zhang in the Later Han Dynasty, is often used in China and Japan to treat various purulent diseases including intestinal carbuncle. This study was to investigate the effect of PNS on mucosal barrier function in mice with DSS-induced colitis and its related mechanisms. Methods. BALB/C mice were given 3% DSS to induce colitis. The body weight and stool status of the mice were recorded daily, and the histopathological changes of the colon were observed after execution. The permeability of the intestinal mucosa was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4000, the change of intestinal microbiota was measured by 16S rDNA, and the tight junction-related proteins and Muc-2 were investigated by immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence. The possible signaling pathways were detected by western blot. Results. Compared with the control group, the composition of the microbiota in the PNS group was close to that of the normal group, the number of goblet cells was improved, and the mucosal permeability was significantly reduced. PNS could upregulate the expression of tight junction-related proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin) and Muc-2, and at the same time, regulate the Notch pathway. Conclusion. PNS could effectively improve the mucosal barrier function through multiple ways, including restoring the balance of intestine flora, enhancement of the mucous layer barrier, and mechanical barrier function. These protective effects may relate to inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway activated by DSS.
Study on the Effect of MRI in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thoracic Tumors
Authors: Li Yan , Sui Yangli , Chi Mingyan , Zhang Jie , Guo Lin
Published: December 2021

In order to investigate the effectiveness and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thoracic tumors, the research retrospectively selected 80 patients with thoracic tumors admitted from May 2019 to May 2020 as the study subject and all patients were underwent MRI detection. Using pathological diagnostic results as the gold standard, the research analyzed the detection of benign and malignant thoracic tumors by MRI, as well as the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. After pathological diagnosis, there were 35 malignant tumors and 45 benign tumors. 41 cases of malignant tumors and 39 cases of benign tumors were diagnosed by MRI, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 80.00%, a diagnostic specificity of 71.11%, and a diagnostic compliance rate of 75.00%. In the MRI diagnosis of tumors in different parts of the chest, the diagnostic sensitivity for lung tumors, mediastinal tumors, chest wall tumors, and esophageal tumors was 83.33%, 71.43%, 83.33%, 75.00%, and 87.50%, respectively, and the specificity was 66.67%, 77.78%, 57.14%, 50.00%, and 91.67% according to and breast tumors, respectively. And the accuracy was 73.33%, 75.00%, 69.23, 62.50%, and 90.00%, respectively, with the highest diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for breast tumors. MRI has a good effect on the diagnosis of benign and malignant thoracic tumors and has a high diagnostic value, which is helpful to identify the location, nature, source, and lesion scope of the tumor. It is safe and worthy of promotion.
Prehospital Factors Associated with Refractory Traumatic Arrest
Authors: Lee Jeong Hun , Kim Yong Won , Kim Tae Youn , Lee Sanghun , Do Han Ho , Seo Jun Seok , Lee Seung Chul
Published: December 2021

Objective. Identification of the prehospital factors associated with a poor prognosis of immediate traumatic arrest should help reduce unwarranted treatment. We aim to reveal the clinical factors related to death after traumatic arrest on the scene. Methods. We performed a multicenter (4 tertiary hospitals in urban areas of South Korea) retrospective study on consecutive adult patients with trauma arrest on scene who were transferred by fire ambulance from January 2016 to December 2018. Patients with death on arrival in the emergency room (ER) were excluded. Prehospital data were collected from first aid records, and information on each patient’s survival outcome in the ER was collected from an electronic database. Patients were divided into ER death and ER survival groups, and variables associated with prehospital trauma were compared. Results. A total of 145 (84.3%) and 27 (15.7%) patients were enrolled in the ER death and survival groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that asystole (OR 4.033, 95% CI 1.342–12.115, p = 0.013) was related to ER death and that ROSC in the prehospital phase (OR 0.100, 95% CI 0.012–0.839, p = 0.034) was inversely related to ER death. In subgroup analysis of those who suffered fall injuries, greater height of fall was associated with ER death (15.0 (5.5–25.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0–7.5) meters, p = 0.001); the optimal height cutoff for prediction of ER death was 10 meters, with 66.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions. In cases of traumatic arrest, asystole, no prehospital ROSC, and falls from a greater height were associated with trauma death in the ER. Termination of resuscitation in traumatic arrest cases should be done on the basis of comprehensive clinical factors.
Imbalance of the Gut Microbiota May Be Associated with Missed Abortions: A Perspective Study from a General Hospital of Hunan Province
Authors: Gao Bingsi , Zhao Xingping , Liu Xinyi , Yang Xuan , Zhang Aiqian , Huang Huan , Liou Yu-ligh , Xu Dabao
Published: December 2021

Objective. To conduct a preliminary investigation that shows the possible correlation between the change of gut microbiota and missed abortions (MAs), which further provides a new potential insight for the prevention and therapy of MAs. Method. One hundred women, including 50 patients with MAs (case group) and 50 normal pregnant women (control group), were enrolled in the study. Fecal specimens were collected in the first trimester. Bacterial DNA was extracted, hybridized with primers of specific genes, and then detected by bacterial chip. The composition and the relative abundance of the gut microbiota were compared and analyzed. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis was used to explore the relative pathways. Results. (1) The

α

-diversity and

β

-diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with MAs were significantly lower than that those in normal pregnant women (

P
<
0.05

). At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, and Bacteroidetes accounted for the main proportion of intestinal flora in the 2 groups. Only Actinobacteria was high in the case group. Significant differences were found between the two groups at the phylum level (

P
<
0.05

). Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Paracoccus were significantly more abundant in the control group than in the case group at the genus level (

P
<
0.05

). (2) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found significant differences in 27 signaling pathways and metabolic pathways between the two groups of differentially expressed genes (all adjusted

P
<
0.05

). (3) The positive rate of M. hominins (MH) detection in the control group was significantly higher in the MA group (

χ

2

=
7.853

,

P
=
0.004

). Conclusion. The high abundance of Actinobacteria in the MA group was the first time found and reported in the study. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota correlates with MAs. This study provided insights into the potential change of gut microbiota of MAs and the potential underlying mechanisms through certain impaired lipid metabolism and aroused inflammation pathways. Comprehensive insights regarding gut microbiota may facilitate improved understanding and the development of novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for MAs.
Hybrid Transshipment Policy and Ordering Model for Multiple Periods with Customer Switching Behaviour
Authors: He Qingren , Shi Ranran , Tang Guofeng
Published: December 2021

The interaction of a hybrid transshipment policy and customer switching behaviour will exacerbate the complexity of the structure of a hybrid transshipment policy. To cope with this problem, a discrete-time dynamic programming model framework with customer switching behaviour is developed. Based on this framework, we demonstrate that the retailer can obtain more profits with a hybrid transshipment than without one. Next, the existence of a reactive and preventive transshipment policy is shown, respectively. We further analyse the structural property of the holdback policy of reactive transshipment and give the threshold of customer switching rate when always rejecting the request. Meanwhile, a dominant preventive transshipment policy is formulated by which the retailer can control the inventory regardless of the influence of the preventive transshipment policy of the other as long as the inventory is observed by developing an easy-to-implement optimal hybrid transshipment strategy. In addition, the existence of an ordering Nash equilibrium of two retailers is proven. Then, we also illustrate the existence of a transshipment area and analyse the impact of the transshipment cost and switching rate on ordering, the hybrid transshipment policy, and profit by using numerical examples. Finally, we find that the retailer is more willing to adjust inventory by ordering when there is a lower transshipment price and adjust inventory by hybrid transshipment when there is a higher transshipment price.
Imaging Manifestations and Evaluation of Postoperative Complications of Bone and Joint Infections under Deep Learning
Authors: Mao Wei , Chen Xiantao , Man Fengyuan
Published: December 2021

To explore and evaluate the imaging manifestations of postoperative complications of bone and joint infections based on deep learning, a retrospective study was performed on 40 patients with bone and joint infections in the Department of Orthopedics of Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province of Luoyang City. Sensitivity and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were used to evaluate the image results by convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. Imaging features of postoperative complications in 40 patients were analyzed. Then, three imaging methods were used to diagnose the features. Sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three imaging methods for imaging features. Compared with professional doctors and biomarker algorithms, the sensitivity of CNN algorithm proposed was 90.6%, and DSC was 84.1%. Compared with traditional methods, the CNN algorithm has higher image resolution and wider and more accurate lesion area recognition and division. The three manifestations of soft tissue abscess, periosteum swelling, and bone damage were postoperative imaging features of bone and joint infections. In addition, compared with X-ray, CT examination and MRI examination were better for the examination of imaging characteristics. CT and MRI had higher sensitivity and specificity than X-ray. The experimental results show that CNN algorithm can effectively identify and divide pathological images and assist doctors to diagnose the images more efficiently in clinic.
Evaluation of Residential Parking Spots Sharing Effects Based on Practical Experience
Authors: Zhang Chu , Chen Jun
Published: December 2021

Making residential parking spots available to the public has become popularized in recent years. The sharing of residential parking spots can promote the further use of parking space and enhance the utility of parking resources in urban metropolitan areas. However, little is known about the relationship between spots’ physical or temporal factors and rental effects from practical experience. This study aims to evaluate the effects of residential parking spot sharing from both individual and social benefit perspectives. One-year real behavioral records concerning parking spots’ owners and borrowers were obtained, and the field survey of various parking spots’ physical characteristics was conducted. Two Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) models emphasizing the individual and societal points of view were adopted. Results revealed that the spots’ physical factors, including spot type, visibility, ease of parking, and distances to major surrounding buildings, along with owners’ sharing willingness and preferences, tend to pose significant influences on the rental effects from both individual and social benefit perspectives. Some differences were also discovered between the two models. For the individual model, owners’ sharing willingness was the dominant factor affecting the parking spots’ sharing effects, while for the social model, parking spots’ physical characteristics appear to be more important in determining the sharing effects. Based on these findings, suggestions were discussed to promote residential parking spot sharing and increase the benefits of sharing to individuals and society.
Relationship between Twin-to-Twin Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction with sFas/sFasL Level of Umbilical Cord Blood Using Doppler Ultrasound Fetal Heart Rhythm Detection Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Gaibian , Zhang Qiuyan , He Sujuan
Published: December 2021

The study focused on the application value of ultrasound Doppler fetal heart rate detection algorithm based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) in the diagnosis of twin-to-twin selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and the correlation between twin-to-twin sIUGR and sFas/sFasL levels of umbilical cord blood. The normalized method was introduced into the STFT algorithm to optimize it to detect the fetal instantaneous heart rate. 82 pregnant women with twin pregnancies were selected as the research subjects and they were divided into the restricted group (41 cases) and the control group (41 cases) according to whether the fetus had selective growth restriction. The two groups were compared for the differences in the fetal mortality, complication rate, and sFas/sFasL expression levels. The results showed that the STFT-based ultrasonic Doppler fetal heart rate detection algorithm could ensure the quality of the fetal heart rate signal and had high resolution at the 200–400 Hz characteristic frequency band and that the accuracy in distinguishing S1 and S2 was 5.8% higher than that of the traditional autocorrelation algorithm. The proportion of abnormal fetal heart rate in the restricted group was significantly higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), birth weight was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), and fetal mortality was significantly higher than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). In restricted group, the content of sFas in cord blood was (3326.54 ± 317.42) pg/mL and that in the control group was (2003.29 ± 196.45) pg/mL. The content of sFas in cord blood of the restricted group was significantly higher than that of the control group (

P
<
0.01

). In the restricted group, the content of sFasL in cord blood was (382.52 ± 36.17) pg/mL, and that in the control group was (180.84 ± 16.20) pg/mL. The content of sFasL in cord blood of the restricted group was significantly higher than that of the control group (

P
<
0.001

). It was concluded that the STFT-based ultrasound Doppler fetal heart rate monitoring is beneficial to early diagnosis and timely intervention of twin-to-twin sIUGR.
A Fast Diagnosis Method of Escalator Reversal Faults Based on Dynamic Information and Multiattribute Decision-Making
Authors: Jia Mingxing , Pan Zhiheng , Li Guanghai , Chen Chunhua , Wang Chen
Published: December 2021

There are many reasons for escalator reversal failure, and the reasons are distributed in different locations. It is difficult to locate the specific location of the fault in the actual fault troubleshooting. At the same time, the information related to the failure is not used in the troubleshooting, so there is a problem of inefficient troubleshooting. To this end, this paper proposes a multiattribute decision-making method that integrates dynamic information and gives the optimal troubleshooting order to improve the efficiency of the troubleshooting. First of all, according to the structure of the escalator components, the escalator reversal fault tree is established. Secondly, a static decision matrix is established by comprehensively considering the failure probability, search cost, and influence degree of the bottom event of the fault tree. Finally, the influence matrix of information on each attribute is given by the dynamic information obtained in troubleshooting, the static decision fusion influence matrix determines the dynamic decision matrix, the dynamic decision matrix is weighted and normalized, and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is used to determine the optimal troubleshooting order. Taking the reversal failure of a certain type of escalators as an example, the method of multiattribute decision-making of fusion dynamic information is used to shorten the troubleshooting time, improve the efficiency of troubleshooting, and verify the effectiveness of this method.
Evaluation of the Effect of PDCA in Hospital Health Management
Authors: Qiu Huanmin , Du Weiwei
Published: December 2021

PDCA plays a very important role in the hygienic management of hospital operating rooms. Before the PDCA management from February 2018 to February 2019, routine hygiene management in the operating room was adopted; after the PDCA management from February 2018 to February 2019, PDCA cycle management was adopted. 500 surgical patients were randomly selected from both groups. We compare the quality control checklist scores of hand hygiene management, environmental hygiene management, medical waste management, and disinfection and isolation management in the routine group and the PDCA group. We also compared the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in surgical incisions of the routine group and the PDCA group and the infection rate of various surgical incisions, air samples, surface samples, disinfectants, and sterilization rates of sterile items. The PDCA group’s hand hygiene management score, environmental hygiene management score, medical waste management score, and disinfection and isolation management score were higher than those in the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

). The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in the PDCA group, the infection rate of type I, type II, and type III incisions, and the total infection rate of surgical incisions were lower than those in the conventional group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The qualified rate of air samples and surface samples in the PDCA group was higher than that in the conventional group (

P
<
0.05

), and the difference in the qualified rate of disinfectants and sterile items between the two groups was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

). The hygiene management of the operating room adopts PDCA sustainable improvement management measures to effectively increase the qualification rate of disinfection and sterilization, reduce the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and infection rate of surgical incisions, and strengthen the management quality of hand hygiene, environmental hygiene, medical waste, and disinfection and isolation.
The Levels of Amyloid β-Protein and P181 in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Combined with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Xia Chenyu , Ma Qiang
Published: December 2021

Objective. To analyze the levels of amyloid β-protein and P181 in peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer’s disease combined with Helicobacter pylori infection and their clinical significance. Method. From January 2019 to June 2020, 59 patients were enrolled in this experiment including the AD group with 27 patients and the normal control group with 32 patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group (

n
=
27

) and control group (

n
=
32

), collecting the general data of patients, analyzing the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of serum p-tau181 and Aβ42 and their influence on prognosis, and comparing the serum Aβ42 and p-tau181 concentrations for different HP infection degrees. Result. Single diagnostic sensitivity of Aβ42, p-tau181, and Aβ42 combined p-tau181 was 0.863, 0.854, and 0.972, respectively, and their specificity was 0.048, 0.206, and 0.305, respectively. Compared with the single diagnosis of serum Aβ42 and p-tau181, the combined diagnosis has higher sensitivity and specificity (

P
<
0.05

); age, years of education, serum Aβ42, and p-tau181 are factors affecting the prognosis of patients with Alzheimer’s disease combined with Helicobacter pylori infection; the concentration of Aβ42 in the control group was higher than that in the AD group, there was a statistical difference in the Aβ42 concentration between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

), and there was no statistical difference in the concentration of p-tau181 between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

); the HP positive infection rate of the AD group and the control group was 63.0% and 35.7%, respectively. The HP negative infection rate of the AD group and the control group was 37.0% and 64.3%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the positive rate of HP in the AD group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

); compared with HP-negative patients, HP-positive patients had a higher Aβ42 concentration, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The concentration of p-tau181 in the two groups was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

); Aβ42 gradually increases with increasing HP infection degree, and there are significant differences in serum Aβ42 levels between different degrees of infection. However, the level of serum p-tau181 does not change significantly with the increase of infection. Conclusion. There are significant alterations in the expression levels of Aβ42 and p-tau181 in peripheral blood of AD patients, and the levels of Aβ42 are related to HP infection; Aβ42 and p-tau181 are potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.