bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL MEDYANIN GÖSTERİŞÇİ TÜKETİME ETKİSİ: BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Altuğ Gülbahar , Şeker Arzu
Published: January 2025

Sosyal medya, gösterişçi tüketimi artıran bir faktör olarak, bireylerin toplum içindeki statülerini sergileme ve kendilerini ifade etme aracı haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sosyal medyanın gösterişçi tüketime etkisi ve Batman Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerindeki yansımaları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, sosyal medya kullanımının gösterişçi tüketim üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek ve bu bağlamda Batman Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin sosyal medya alışkanlıklarının tüketim davranışlarına nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, Batman Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören 540 öğrenciye anket uygulanmıştır. Veriler, istatistiksel analiz programlarına kaydedilerek analiz edilmiştir. Güvenilirlik analizi, faktör analizi, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova), ve regresyon analizleri gibi istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, sosyal medya kullanımının gösterişçi tüketim üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, öğrencilerin gelir düzeyleri ve sosyal medya kullanım sıklıklarının, gösterişçi tüketim davranışları üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları doğrultusunda, gösterişçi tüketimin sosyal medya aracılığıyla nasıl şekillendiği ve tüketici davranışlarının nasıl yönlendirildiği konusunda çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu öneriler arasında, sosyal medya kullanımı konusunda bilinç düzeyinin artırılması, tüketicilerin koruyucu tedbirlerle desteklenmesi ve gösterişçi tüketim eğilimlerinin olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması yer almaktadır. Araştırma, sosyal medyanın tüketici davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak ve bu etkileri yönetmek adına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.
SAĞLIK DESTİNASYONLARI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN SAĞLIK TURİZMİ PERFORMANSININ HİBRİT BİR ÇKKV MODELİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: Kutlu Derya
Published: January 2025

Ülkelerin gelirlerini çeşitlendirmesi, ekonomik kalkınma ve sosyal refahlarının sağlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Sağlık turizmi, dünyada farkındalık ve refah seviyesinin artmasıyla birlikte tıp ve turizmin birleşiminden oluşan yeni bir turizm ürünü olarak hızla gelişen bir hizmet sektörü haline gelmiştir. Sağlık turizmi, kişinin ruhsal ve bedensel sağlığının iyileştirilmesi ve yeniden kazandırılması amacıyla yaşadığı yerden başka ülke ya da şehre yaptığı seyahatlerdir. Söz konusu bu seyahatler ile birlikte insanların sağlık turizmine yaptıkları harcamalar da artmakta ve sağlık turizmi pazarı da büyümeye devam etmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacını; sağlık destinasyonları perspektifinden bir turizm ürünü olan sağlık turizminin performansının değerlendirilmesi ve sağlık turizminin gelişmesine katkı sağlamak oluşturmaktadır. TÜİK verilerine göre Türkiye’de en fazla nüfusa sahip 5 ilin 2019-2022 yılları arasındaki sağlık turizmi verileri kullanılmıştır. Veriler için ÇKKV(Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleri) içerisinde yer alan PSI ile MAIRCA yöntemleri kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanılan model doğrultusunda kriterlere ilişkin objektif ağırlıklarının tespit edilmesinde yöntem olarak PSI kullanılırken, performans değerlendirmesi yapılarak büyükşehirlerin sağlık turizmi performanslarının sıralamasında ise MAIRCA yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; İstanbul çalışmaya dâhil edilen yıl aralığında sağlık turizmi performansı açısından ilk sırada yer almıştır.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of γ-linolenic acid eradicating the biofilm of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Wei Ming , Wang Peng , Li Tianmeng , Liu Jun , Wang Yu , Gu Li , Wang Shuai
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE-fm) biofilms pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. This study investigates the potential of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) as a novel antibiofilm agent.

Methods

Transcriptome analysis was performed on the V27 isolate, comparing cells in mature biofilms treated with and without GLA. The findings were further validated using qRT-PCR on six VRE-fm isolates and two E. faecalis isolates.

Results

Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant downregulation in the expression levels of genes associated with biofilm formation, including fruA, fruB, sgrA, lpxtg-cwa, tfpp, lafA, lafB, malP, fsrA, and fsrC’, while a significant upregulation was observed in the expression of fsrBD. Validation by qRT-PCR in six VRE-fm isolates confirmed the significant changes in the expression levels of all genes except for lpxtg-cwa, with statistical significance. The expression of bgsB and bgsA genes, which are the homologs of lafA and lafB genes, along with the Fsr-regulated genes gelE and sprE in E. faecalis, were also found to be downregulated by GLA. In addition, KEGG analysis identified specific metabolic pathways that were significantly downregulated by GLA.

Conclusion

GLA effectively targets multiple aspects of biofilm formation in VRE-fm, including the downregulation of key biofilm-related genes, the inhibition of quorum sensing systems, and the modulation of metabolic pathways. GLA emerges as a promising candidate for eradicating Enterococcus biofilms.
Low seismic shaking induced densification of large spoil heap composed with low-density particle material
Authors: Lv Jian , Jiang Tao , Wang Shuangcheng , Huang Wei , Cui Shenghua , Duan Lihu , Huang Zhenfu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Vibration-induced densification of loose particle material is an important phenomenon in deformation and instability study of large spoil heap. To investigate the vibration-induced densification characteristics and deformation mechanisms of a low-density spoil heap under small seismic effects, a spoil heap located in western Sichuan Province was selected as the research subject, and a large-scale shaking table test was performed.

Methods

The settlement and acceleration response behaviors of the slope model during the vibration process were analyzed using three-dimensional point cloud data and acceleration time-history data, with horizontal and horizontal-vertical bi-directional seismic waves applied at progressively increasing amplitudes. Simultaneously, the natural frequency and damping characteristics of the slope model were determined using the transfer function. The deformation and damage modes, as well as the characteristics of vibration-induced densification, were also analyzed and discussed.

Results

The results indicate that vibration-induced densification of low-density spoil heaps under small seismic forces exists and becomes more pronounced with increasing excitation intensity. This vibration-induced densification leads to a progressively more significant elevation amplification effect.

Discussion

During the vibration-induced densification process, the medium undergoes self-organization in three phases, including settlement, dynamic equilibrium, and expansion. Based on the experimental observations, the deformation process of low-density spoil heaps can be divided into three stages: settlement and densification, collapse and disintegration, and downward misalignment and slippage. The findings of this study provide valuable insights and recommendations for the prevention and control of low-density spoil heap deformation in future engineering practices.
Optimizing Tomato Seedling Production in the Tropics: Effects of Trichoderma, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Key Agronomical Factors
Authors: Leuratti Teresa , Fellin Lorenzo , Michelon Nicola , Palacios Tario Juan Bosco , Gutiérrez Jaime Ernesto Santamaria , Gianquinto Giorgio , Orsini Francesco , Zanin Giampaolo
Published: January 2025

Agriculture remains a key contributor to Central America’s economy, despite climate change posing a significant threat to the sector. In the Trifinio region, already afflicted by arid summers, temperatures are expected to rise in the near future, potentially exacerbating the vulnerability of smallholder farmers. This study investigates the effects of two fungal symbionts, Trichoderma asperellum (TR) and the Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) Glomus cubense, and agronomic choices and practices such as cultivar selection, substrate type, and fertigation management on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling growth and quality. Results showed that nutrient solution and the adoption of forest topsoil as substrate significantly enhanced morphological, physiological, and quality parameters. Modifying the nutrient solution to allow for an increase in plant height of 170% and a dry weight of 163% and enhancing Dickson’s quality index (DQI) by 64.5%, while the use of forest topsoil resulted in plants 58.6% higher, with an increase of 101% in dry weight and of 90.1% in the DQI. Both T. asperellum and G. cubense had positive effects on specific growth parameters; for instance, TR increased leaf number (+6.95%), while AMF increased stem diameter (+3.56%) and root length (+19.1%), although they did not, overall, significantly increase the seedling’s biomass and quality. These findings underscore the importance of agronomic practices in mitigating the impacts of climate change on tomato production, offering valuable insights for farmers in semi-arid regions.
Intelligent Optimization Pathway and Impact Mechanism of Age-Friendly Neighborhood Spatial Environment Driven by NSGA-II and XGBoost
Authors: Zhang Lu , Qi Zizhuo , Yang Xin , Jiang Ling
Published: January 2025

A comfortable outdoor environment, like its indoor counterpart, can significantly enhance the quality of life and improve the physical and mental health of elderly populations. Urban spatial morphology is one of the key factors influencing outdoor environmental performance. To explore the interactions between urban spatial morphology and the outdoor environment for the elderly, this study utilized parametric tools to establish a performance-driven workflow based on a “morphology generation–performance evaluation–morphology optimization” framework. Using survey data from 340 elderly neighborhoods in Beijing, a parametric urban morphology generation model was constructed. The following three optimization objectives were set: maximizing the winter pedestrian Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), minimizing the summer pedestrian UTCI, and maximizing sunlight hours. Multi-objective optimization was conducted using a genetic algorithm, generating a “morphology–performance” dataset. Subsequently, the XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) and SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) explainable machine learning algorithms were applied to uncover the nonlinear relationships among variables. The results indicate that optimizing spatial morphology significantly enhances environmental performance. For the summer elderly UTCI, the contributing morphological indicators include the Shape Coefficient (SC), Standard Deviation of Building Area (SA), and Deviation of Building Volume (SV), while the inhibitory indicators include the average building height (AH), Average Building Volume (AV), Mean Building Area (MA), and floor–area ratio (FAR). For the winter elderly UTCI, the contributing indicators include the AH, Volume–Area Ratio (VAR), and FAR, while the inhibitory indicators include the SC and porosity (PO). The morphological indicators contributing to sunlight hours are not clearly identified in the model, but the inhibitory indicators for sunlight hours include the AH, MA, and FAR. This study identifies the morphological indicators influencing environmental performance and provides early-stage design strategies for age-friendly neighborhood layouts, reducing the cost of later-stage environmental performance optimization.
Reflection Propagation Law of Electromagnetic Waves in U-Shaped Roadway
Authors: Guo Laigong , Li Xiaolong , Shi Xinkang , Ma Long , Guo Changna
Published: January 2025

To address the complex and space-constrained characteristics of underground coal mine roadways, this study proposes an electromagnetic wave reflection model based on the mirror image method. A U-shaped roadway model was designed and a relay node was established at the center of the roadway to simplify calculations. The point normal vector method was used to calculate the equations and boundary ranges of eight reflection planes. The valid reflection paths were determined by calculating the mirror points, counting the number of reflection lines, and evaluating their validity. The sensitivity of the number of valid reflection lines to the positions of the transmitting and receiving points relative to the corners was determined, and the reflected field strength at the receiving point was calculated. Its sensitivity to variables such as the distance between the relay node and the receiving point, antenna transmitting frequency, relative dielectric constant of the roadway walls, and width of the U-shaped roadway was studied. The simulation results showed that the number of valid reflection lines decreased with increasing distance from the transmitting and receiving points to the corners. The horizontal position of the transmitting point has a higher effect on the number of effective reflection lines than the vertical position, while the transmitting and receiving points are favorable for electromagnetic wave propagation when they are located in the center of the roadway. As the distance between the relay node and the receiving point increases, the reflection field strength attenuation at the receiving point will decrease with a larger roadway width, a smaller relative permittivity of the roadway walls, and a lower transmitting frequency of the antenna.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Substance Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Montón-Martínez Roberto , Castellano-Galvañ Ismael , Roldán Alba , Javaloyes Alejandro , Peña-González Iván , Sarabia José Manuel , Pastor Diego , Moya-Ramón Manuel
Published: January 2025

Physical exercise has emerged as a promising complementary intervention for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD). This comprehensive review examines the neurobiological, psychological, and social benefits of exercise in improving quality of life (QOL), mental health, sleep quality, craving, physical fitness, and cognitive function among individuals with SUD. Aerobic exercises, particularly those of moderate intensity, demonstrate a consistent efficacy in reducing anxiety, depression, and cravings, while also enhancing cardiovascular health and psychosocial well-being. Strength training and concurrent programs provide additional benefits for muscular and cognitive function, although their effects on mental health are less consistent. Mind–body disciplines like yoga and Tai Chi offer accessible entry points for individuals with low baseline fitness but exhibit variable outcomes, especially in sleep and craving management. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows potential for craving reduction and cardiovascular improvements but may pose challenges for individuals with low initial fitness. This review underscores the importance of tailored, well-structured programs that align with participants’ needs and capabilities. Future research should prioritize standardizing protocols, incorporating technological tools, and exploring hybrid intervention models to maximize adherence and therapeutic impact. Physical exercise remains a vital, multifaceted tool in comprehensive SUD rehabilitation strategies.
Force and Stress Simulation in Experimentable Digital Twins Using the Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Schmid Sebastian , Kaufmann Dorit , Dahmen Ulrich , Eggers Finn , Valais Ioannis , Schröder Kai-Uwe , Roßmann Jürgen
Published: January 2025

Experimentable Digital Twins are capable of combining different simulation domains on a system level. This has been shown for a multitude of simulation domains, e.g., rigid body dynamics, control, sensors, kinematics, etc., and application scenarios, e.g., automotive, space, and industrial engineering. In our work, we investigate how to include structural loads into an Experimentable Digital Twin while maintaining computational efficiency and interoperability on a system level. We combine rigid body dynamics with the transfer matrix method to simulate forces and stresses. We show our approach for statically determinate beam structures in a simulation on a system level and validate it experimentally and numerically with static and dynamic example problems. The results show a strong agreement in these comparisons, confirming the accuracy and reliability of our method. For practical applications, we see force and stress simulation using the transfer matrix method as an additional tool to facilitate simulation-based engineering in the early stages of structural design processes, e.g., when dealing with uncertain loading conditions and operational complexity on a system level.
An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Types of Waste Plastics for Rigid Pavements
Authors: Mashaan Nuha S. , Ouano Cherrie Ann E.
Published: January 2025

The increasing demand for sustainable construction practices has prompted the exploration of innovative materials, such as waste plastics, to enhance both the environmental and mechanical performance of concrete, particularly for rigid pavements. This review investigates the mechanical properties of concrete incorporating four types of waste plastics—high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP). The primary focus is on how these materials affect key mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The analysis reveals that HDPE and PP, at optimal levels (5–10%), can enhance flexural and crack resistance, making them suitable for non-structural applications. Conversely, LDPE and PVC tend to reduce both compressive and tensile strengths at higher substitution levels due to poor bonding with cementitious materials. Despite these challenges, incorporating waste plastics into concrete presents significant environmental and economic benefits, including plastic waste reduction and lower reliance on natural aggregates. The review also highlights the need for further research on improving plastic–cement bonding through surface treatments and hybrid mix designs. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge aimed at promoting the use of waste plastics in concrete, offering insights for the development of sustainable, high-performance construction materials.
Socioeconomic and Health Impacts of Dust Storms in Southwest Iran
Authors: MalAmiri Neamat , Rashki Alireza , Al-Dousari Ali , Kaskaoutis Dimitris G.
Published: January 2025

Dust storms are frequent meteorological phenomena in the arid and semi-arid regions of Khuzestan province (KHP) in southwest Iran. These storms result in significant social and economic repercussions that extend beyond mere meteorological and climatic disturbances. Over the past decade, they have become the primary cause of substantial environmental and socio-economic damage in the region. In this study, we aim to assess the economic impacts of sand/dust storms (SDSs) on human health, agriculture (specifically Estamran dates), and migration in KHP. Our findings reveal the following economic consequences: Respiratory diseases incurred a financial loss of approximately USD 14 million, with more than 450 individuals requiring hospitalization at a cost exceeding USD 0.04 million between April and July 2022. In addition, cardiovascular diseases related to SDSs resulted in costs exceeding USD 1.9 million within the same time frame. Cities near the sources of dust storms experienced a cumulative damage cost of approximately USD 6.8 million. The local population in these cities also suffered more significant adverse effects compared to those in cities farther from the influence of dust storms in southwest Iran. We further evaluated the impact of SDSs on the quality of Estamran dates by analyzing 20 samples from key Estamran date production areas in KHP, including Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramshahr, and Shadegan. The cost of damages (COD) in this sector was estimated at around USD 18.3 million, with Shadegan bearing the brunt of the loss at approximately USD 8.3 million. SDSs also have an important social economic impact due to deterioration of living conditions and migration in KHP. In total, the socio-economic costs of SDSs in these three sectors amounted to about USD 39 million. This is particularly concerning considering that Khuzestan province contributed 14.8% to Iran’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020, representing 50% of the economic output of southwestern provinces. Therefore, the current findings represent an alarming situation regarding the socio-economic impacts of dust storms in SW Iran.
Investigation of the Ionospheric Effects of the Solar Eclipse of April 8, 2024 Using Multi-Instrument Measurements
Authors: Sanyal Aritra , Brawar Bhuvnesh , Maity Sovan Kumar , Jana Shreyam , Polard Jean Marie , Newton Peter , Williams George S. , Potirakis Stelios M. , Haralambous Haris , Balasis Georgios , Brundell James , Panchadhyayee Pradipta , Datta Abhirup , Maurya Ajeet K. , Ray Saibal , Sasmal Sudipta
Published: January 2025

Solar eclipses present a valuable opportunity for controlled in situ ionosphere studies. This work explores the response of the upper atmosphere’s F-layer during the total eclipse of 8 April 2024, which was primarily visible across North and South America. Employing a multi-instrument approach, we analyze the impact on the ionosphere’s Total Electron Content (TEC) and Very Low Frequency (VLF) signals over a three-day period encompassing the eclipse (7–9 April 2024). Ground-based observations leverage data from ten International GNSS Service (IGS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) stations and four VLF stations situated along the eclipse path. We compute vertical TEC (VTEC) alongside temporal variations in the VLF signal amplitude and phase to elucidate the ionosphere’s response. Notably, the IGS station data reveal a decrease in VTEC during the partial and total solar eclipse phases, signifying a reduction in ionization. While VLF data also exhibit a general decrease, they display more prominent fluctuations. Space-based observations incorporate data from Swarm and COSMIC-2 satellites as they traverse the eclipse path. Additionally, a spatiotemporal analysis utilizes data from the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) database and the DLR’s (The German Aerospace Center’s) database. All space-based observations consistently demonstrate a significant depletion in VTEC during the eclipse. We further investigate the correlation between the percentage change in VTEC and the degree of solar obscuration, revealing a positive relationship. The consistent findings obtained from this comprehensive observational campaign bolster our understanding of the physical mechanisms governing ionospheric variability during solar eclipses. The observed depletion in VTEC aligns with the established principle that reduced solar radiation leads to decreased ionization within the ionosphere. Finally, geomagnetic data analysis confirms that external disturbances do not significantly influence our observations.
A Brief Study on the k-Dimensional Repunit Sequence
Authors: Costa Eudes A. , Catarino Paula M. M. C. , Vasco Paulo J. M. , Alves Francisco R. V.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we aim to introduce and investigate the bidimensional, tridimensional and k-dimensional extension of Repunit numbers, with a particular focus on their recurrence relations, key properties, and various sum identities.
Towards Safety and Regulation Criteria for Clinical Applications of Decellularized Organ-Derived Matrices
Authors: van Hengel Elena V. A. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , de Jonge Jeroen , Verstegen Monique M. A.
Published: January 2025

Whole-organ decellularization generates scaffolds containing native extracellular matrix (ECM) components with preserved tissue microarchitecture, providing a promising advancement in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Decellularization retains the ECM integrity which is important for supporting cell attachment, growth, differentiation, and biological function. Although there are consensus guidelines to standardize decellularization processes and ECM characterization, no specific criteria or standards regarding matrix sterility and biosafety have been established so far. This regulatory gap in safety, sterilization, and regulation criteria has hampered the clinical translation of decellularized scaffolds. In this review, we identify essential criteria for the safe clinical use of decellularized products from both human and animal sources. These include the decellularization efficacy, levels of chemical residue, preservation of ECM composition and physical characteristics, and criteria for the aseptic processing of decellularization to assure sterility. Furthermore, we explore key considerations for advancing decellularized scaffolds into clinical practice, focusing on regulatory frameworks and safety requirements. Addressing these challenges is crucial for minimizing risks of adverse reactions or infection transmission, thereby accelerating the adoption of tissue-engineered products. This review aims to provide a foundation for establishing robust guidelines, supporting the safe and effective integration of decellularized scaffolds into regenerative medicine applications.
Is Extraordinary Response and Long-Term Remission of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) After [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy Due to an Immunomodulatory Effect (Radiovaccination)? A Dual Center Experience on Super-Responders
Authors: Maharaj Masha , Perrone Elisabetta , Wirtz Ralph M. , Heslop Lucille , Govender Trisha , Korowlay Nisaar A. , Ghai Kriti , Parkar Tanay , Baum Richard P.
Published: January 2025

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed radioligand therapy (PRLT) with Lutetium-177 ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA) is a safe and effective treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical variables of patients with extreme response to PRLT and to assess its immunomodulatory potential. Methods: This retrospective study included 36 patients from two centers achieving extreme response after [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA PRLT. The primary outcomes were the duration of maintained response in months (MR) and improvement post-therapy—clinically, serologically, and on molecular (PET/CT) imaging. We examined several variables, including pathology, gene sequencing, baseline PSA, Gleason score, prior therapies, number of PRLT cycles, and pattern of disease, to identify potential factors that may influence the extreme response. Results: Between 2018 and mid-September 2024, 36 men with mCRPC received a mean of three cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA PRLT. Patients were subgrouped according to clinical variables versus MR. A total of 17 patients had ≥12 months MR (17/36, 47%). The longest duration of MR was 99 months and a mean of 17.44 months (95% CI 10.05–24.84). Previous lines of treatment were evaluated for MR, p = 0.172. Pattern of disease (bone, lymph node, liver, and peritoneal) was evaluated for MR, p = 0.721. The Gleason score was evaluated for MR, p = 0.871. Patients with known BRCA sequencing status (n = 12) were analyzed with mean MR: BRCA1/2 wild-type, 6/12 (50%), 6.67 months; BRCA 1/2 negative, 1/12 (8.33%), 7 months; BRCA germline negative and somatic positive, 1/12 (8.33%), 36 months; BRCA germline negative, somatic negative, 2/12 (16.67%), 27 months; and BRCA 2 positive, 2/12 (16.67%), 43 months. Conclusions: We propose there may be intrinsic mechanisms suggesting the immunomodulatory enhancement of ionizing radiation, primarily driving extreme responses.
Targeted Cellular Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Athanassiou Panagiotis , Athanassiou Lambros , Kostoglou-Athanassiou Ifigenia , Shoenfeld Yehuda
Published: January 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting all organ systems. The disease preferentially affects females of childbearing age. It runs a variable course. It may run a mild course that may never lead to severe disease and manifestations from critical organ systems. However, it may also run an undulating course with periods of mild and severe disease. It may run as a mild disease, quickly deteriorating to severe disease and affecting multiple organ systems. Various immune pathways related both to the innate and adaptive immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Various drugs have been developed targeting cellular and molecular targets in these pathways. Interferons are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and various drugs have been developed to target this pathway. T and B lymphocytes are involved in the pathophysiology of SLE. Various treatment modalities targeting cellular targets are available for the treatment of SLE. These include biologic agents targeting B lymphocytes. However, some patients have disease refractory to these treatment modalities. For these patients, cell-based therapies may be used. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involving autologous cells is an option in the treatment of refractory SLE. Mesenchymal stem cells are also applied in the treatment of SLE. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a novel treatment also used in SLE management. This novel treatment method holds major promise for the management of autoimmune diseases and, in particular, SLE. Major hurdles to be overcome are the logistics involved, as well as the need for specialized facilities. This review focuses on novel treatment modalities in SLE targeting cellular and molecular targets in the immune system.
The Pilot Study on Detecting Perforation with Abdominal Ultrasound During Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Kim Jeayoun , Kim Tae Se , Min Yang Won , Lee Hyuk , Min Byung-Hoon , Lee Jun Haeng , Rhee Poong-Lyul , Kim Jae J.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric adenoma and gastric cancer have expanded, leading to an increase in the number of patients with high procedural complexity. Post-ESD perforations prolong hospital stays and increase costs. However, no studies have focused on detecting micro-perforations during ESD. This study aimed to identify signs of perforation using abdominal ultrasound during gastric ESD. Materials and methods: This pilot study analyzed 50 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasound (VScan Air™, GE Healthcare) during ESD at Samsung Medical Center (March 2023–July 2024). Perforation was assessed via ultrasound, and post-procedure X-rays were performed for three days to detect free air. Results: Among 50 patients (median age 60, 76.1% male), the median procedure time was 60 min. Lesions were most common in the antrum (30.4%) and lesser curvature (17.4%). Pathology revealed 32.6% well-differentiated and 10.9% moderately differentiated adenomas, with 15.2% showing high-grade dysplasia. Free air was detected in three patients after procedures involving the body wall of the stomach. Abdominal US showed indirect signs of perforation, including an abnormal peritoneal line, hyperechoic shadowing, and an absence of normal gas patterns, confirmed by X-ray. Conclusions: Abdominal US is a simple, useful tool for rapid detection of perforation during ESD, enabling timely intervention. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Perceived Inclusivity in Mobility Aids Use: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Rasoulivalajoozi Mohsen , Cucuzzella Carmela , Farhoudi Morteza
Published: January 2025

Despite inclusive design focusing on improving environmental accessibility for mobility aid (MA) users, it often fails to ensure true inclusivity due to mismatches between interventions and user perceptions. Therefore, understanding MA users’ perceptions of inclusivity is essential for advancing disability studies and design, as it highlights key interventions for more effective practices. This study aims to explore perceived inclusivity in MAs’ usage and identifies gaps in users’ needs, classifying their needs and offering recommendations to meet them. First, the DARE-Inclusive Design Framework was used to develop interview guidelines and interpret results. Next, using a qualitative descriptive research, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experienced physiotherapists in Iran. Finally, an inductive thematic analysis was applied to identify and present the emerging themes. Four themes were identified: 1. Perceived Financial Value: Assessing Worth, 2. Objective Enhancements: Optimizing Environments and MAs, 3. Subjective Enhancements: Trustworthiness, Support, and Hope, and 4. Contextual Factors: Interpretations and Representations. The four interconnected themes provide guidelines for inclusivity-oriented interventions, emphasizing financial assessment, high-tech integration, and aesthetic and symbolic considerations in MA design. Physiotherapists can also mediate emotional responses and enhance inclusion during rehabilitation. Additionally, social context and disability etiology impact users’ acceptance and use of MAs.
Hierarchical Online Air Combat Maneuver Decision Making and Control Based on Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Tan Mulai , Sun Haocheng , Ding Dali , Zhou Huan , Han Tong , Luo Yuequn
Published: January 2025

One-to-one within-visual-range air combat of unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) requires fast, continuous, and accurate decision-making to achieve air combat victory. In order to solve the current problems of insufficient real-time performance of traditional intelligent optimization algorithms for solving decision-making problems and the mismatch between the planning trajectory and the actual flight trajectory caused by the difference between the decision-making model and the actual aircraft model, this paper proposes a hierarchical on-line air combat maneuvering decision-making and control framework. Considering the real-time constraints, the maneuver decision problem is transformed into an expensive optimization problem at the decision planning layer. The surrogate-assisted differential evolution algorithm is proposed on the basis of the original differential evolution algorithm, and the planning trajectory is obtained through the 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) model. In the control execution layer, the planning trajectory is tracked through the nonlinear dynamic inverse tracking control method to realize the high-precision control of the 6DOF model. The simulation is carried out under four different initial situation scenarios, including head-on neutral, dominant, parallel neutral, and disadvantaged situations. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the Surrogate-assisted differential evolution algorithm (SADE) can achieve a win rate of over 53% in all four initial scenarios. The proposed maneuver decision and control framework in this article achieves smooth flight trajectories and stable aircraft control, with each decision average taking 0.08 s, effectively solving the real-time problem of intelligent optimization algorithms in maneuver decision problems.
Embracing Liberating Worldviews in Gifted Education
Authors: Boley Vicki
Published: January 2025

At a time marked by deepening socio-political divides and systemic inequities, this paper revisits findings from a previously conducted interpretive phenomenological research study and offers new critical reflections on the transformative potential of liberating worldviews, with Indigenous worldviews as a central example, in K-12 gifted education. Conversations with 14 Indigenous K-12 educators, researchers, and advocates revealed how liberating worldviews—rooted in relational, holistic, and community-centered perspectives—challenge dominant Western paradigms of giftedness that often perpetuate exclusion. Expanding on these findings, this paper proposes eight tenets to guide educators and researchers in embracing liberating worldviews that foster equity, creativity, and cultural responsiveness. Within the current political climate, where inclusion is increasingly under threat, these reflections underscore the urgency of reimagining educational systems to align with liberating worldviews that promote justice, sustainability, and collective well-being. The proposed tenets aim to empower practitioners and researchers alike to disrupt oppressive practices, affirm liberating ways of knowing and being, and engage in K-12 education spaces—particularly as White, non-Indigenous educators and researchers—in ways that respectfully and genuinely reimagine and advance education systems to embrace liberating worldviews.
Acceptance of Pre-Service Teachers Towards Artificial Intelligence (AI): The Role of AI-Related Teacher Training Courses and AI-TPACK Within the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Runge Isabell , Hebibi Florian , Lazarides Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), pre-service teachers’ acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial in predicting their intentions to use AI in future teaching, as well as for their actual usage of AI. However, current research offers limited insights into the role of factors regarding usage intentions and behaviors. In particular, AI-related teacher training courses and AI-related technological pedagogical content knowledge (AI-TPACK) might be relevant, but are empirically underinvestigated within the TAM. This study addresses these gaps by investigating the relationships between pre-service teachers’ participation in AI-related courses, their self-reported AI-TPACK, their perceptions of AI’s usefulness and ease of use, and both their intention and actual usage of AI. Using path models with data from 143 pre-service teachers, the results revealed that participation in AI-related courses related positively to AI-TPACK and perceived AI-related usefulness. Further, AI-TPACK was positively related to perceived AI-related usefulness and ease of use, which in turn positively related to the behavioral intention to use AI in future teaching and the actual usage of AI for profession-related tasks in teacher training. The study results extend the existing research on TAM and highlight the consideration of participation in AI-related courses and AI-TPACK as further factors in understanding pre-service teachers’ AI acceptance.
Noise-to-Convex: A Hierarchical Framework for SAR Oriented Object Detection via Scattering Keypoint Feature Fusion and Convex Contour Refinement
Authors: Liu Shuoyang , Tong Ming , He Bokun , Jiang Jiu , He Chu
Published: January 2025

Oriented object detection has become a hot topic in SAR image interpretation. Due to the unique imaging mechanism, SAR objects are represented as clusters of scattering points surrounded by coherent speckle noise, leading to blurred outlines and increased false alarms in complex scenes. To address these challenges, we propose a novel noise-to-convex detection paradigm with a hierarchical framework based on the scattering-keypoint-guided diffusion detection transformer (SKG-DDT), which consists of three levels. At the bottom level, the strong-scattering-region generation (SSRG) module constructs the spatial distribution of strong scattering regions via a diffusion model, enabling the direct identification of approximate object regions. At the middle level, the scattering-keypoint feature fusion (SKFF) module dynamically locates scattering keypoints across multiple scales, capturing their spatial and structural relationships with the attention mechanism. Finally, the convex contour prediction (CCP) module at the top level refines the object outline by predicting fine-grained convex contours. Furthermore, we unify the three-level framework into an end-to-end pipeline via a detection transformer. The proposed method was comprehensively evaluated on three public SAR datasets, including HRSID, RSDD-SAR, and SAR-Aircraft-v1.0. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method attains an AP50 of 86.5%, 92.7%, and 89.2% on these three datasets, respectively, which is an increase of 0.7%, 0.6%, and 1.0% compared to the existing state-of-the-art method. These results indicate that our approach outperforms existing algorithms across multiple object categories and diverse scenes.
Untargeted Evasion Attacks on Deep Neural Networks Using StyleGAN
Authors: Kwon Hyun
Published: January 2025

In this study, we propose a novel method for generating untargeted adversarial examples using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) in an unrestricted black-box environment. The proposed approach produces adversarial examples that are classified into random classes distinct from their original labels, while maintaining high visual similarity to the original samples from a human perspective. This is achieved by leveraging the capabilities of StyleGAN to manipulate the latent space representation of images, enabling precise control over visual distortions. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, we conducted experiments using the CelebA-HQ dataset and TensorFlow as the machine learning framework, with ResNet18 serving as the target classifier. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, achieving a 100% attack success rate in a black-box environment after 3000 iterations. Moreover, the adversarial examples generated by our approach exhibit a distortion value of 0.069 based on the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) metric, highlighting the balance between attack success and perceptual similarity. These findings underscore the potential of GAN-based approaches in crafting robust adversarial examples while preserving visual fidelity.
A Comparative Study on the Average CO2 Emission Factors of Electricity of China
Authors: Chen Feng , Lei Jingyu , Liu Zilong , Xiong Xingchuang
Published: January 2025

The intensification of global climate change and the resulting environmental challenges have made carbon emission control a focal point of global attention. As one of the major sources of carbon emissions, the power sector plays a critical role in accurately quantifying CO2 emissions, which is essential for formulating effective emission reduction policies and action plans. The average CO2 emission factor of electricity (AEF), as a key parameter, is widely used in calculating indirect carbon emissions from purchased electricity in various industries. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported an AEF of 0.6093 kgCO2/kWh for China in 2021, while the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (MEE) officially reported a value of 0.5568 kg CO2/kWh, resulting in a discrepancy of 9.43%. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the calculation methodologies used by the MEE and IEA, comparing them from two critical dimensions: calculation formulas and data sources, to explore potential causes of the observed discrepancies. Differences in formula components include factors such as electricity trade, the allocation of emissions from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, and emissions from own energy use in power plants. Notably, the IEA’s inclusion of CHP allocation reduces its calculated emissions by 10.99%. Regarding data sources, this study focuses on total carbon emissions and total electricity generation, revealing that the IEA’s total carbon emissions exceed those of the MEE by 9.71%. This exploratory analysis of the discrepancies in China’s AEFs provides valuable insights and a foundational basis for further research.
Study on the Dynamic Combustion Characteristics of a Staged High-Temperature Rise Combustor
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Jinhu , Liu Cunxi , Liu Fuqiang , Wang Kaixing , Ruan Changlong , Mu Yong , Xu Gang
Published: January 2025

Currently, steady-state analysis predominates in combustion chamber design, while dynamic combustion characteristics remain underexplored, and there is a lack of a comprehensive index system to assess dynamic combustion behavior. This study conducts a numerical simulation of the dynamic characteristics of the combustion chamber, employing a method combining large eddy simulation (LES) and Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM). The inlet air temperature, air flow rate, and fuel flow rate were varied by 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, with a pulsation period of 0.008 s. The effects of nine different inlet parameter pulsations on both time-averaged and instantaneous combustion performance were analyzed and compared to benchmark conditions. The results indicate that small pulsations in the inlet parameters have minimal impact on the steady-state time-averaged performance. In the region near the cyclone outlet, which corresponds to the flame root area, pronounced unsteady flame characteristics were observed. Fluctuations in inlet parameters led to an increase in temperature fluctuations near the flame root. Analysis of the outlet temperature results for each operating condition reveals that inlet parameter fluctuations can mitigate the inherent combustion instability of the combustion chamber and reduce temperature fluctuations at the outlet hot spot.
Cool Temperatures and Post-Germination Adaptations Enhance Seedling Recruitment in the Subalpine Oak Quercus longispica (Fagaceae)
Authors: Tu Yu , Liu Luting , Li Qiansheng , Chen Hongying , Deng Min
Published: January 2025

Quercus longispica is a dominant shrub in the Himalayan subalpine region, demonstrating high levels of persistence despite high seed predation and extreme climatic conditions. However, its seed germination ecology and adaptations for seedling recruitment remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of temperature, water potential, and insect damage on seed germination and seedling establishment. Pre-germination seed traits and seed-to-seedling ontogeny were systematically analyzed. Our results demonstrated that seed germination percentages decreased with increasing insect damage across all temperature and water potential treatments. Cool temperatures (5–10 °C) yielded the highest germination percentages, potentially due to the suppression of parasitoid activity and mildew growth. While drought conditions also suppressed parasitoid activity, they significantly increased seed mortality. Despite a decline in seedling performance with increasing seed damage, overall seedling establishment remained robust. Several adaptive traits enable Q. longispica to persist in its harsh environment. Multi-seeded, non-apical embryos combined with rapid germination help embryos evade or escape damage from parasitism and predation. The rapid elongation of cotyledonary petioles pushes the embryo axis into the soil, with rapid nutrient and water transfer from the cotyledon to the taproot, thereby avoiding the threats of predation, drought, cold, and wildfire. Additionally, temperature-regulated epicotyl dormancy at the post-germination stage prevents the emergence of cold-intolerant seedlings in winter. This study provides the first comprehensive description of seed-to-seedling ontogeny in this Himalayan subalpine oak, offering crucial insights into the adaptive mechanisms that facilitate successful seedling recruitment in the challenging subalpine habitats.