bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A TRANSFERÊNCIA COMO MEIO DE TRATAMENTO DO OUTRO E RECURSO DE CONTENÇÃO À PASSAGEM AO ATO NA PSICOSE
Authors: Santos Mynéia Campos Oliveira , Rocha Guilherme Massara
Published: October 2020

Este artigo se propõe a investigar, com base no estudo de um caso clínico, de que modo a manobra da transferência na psicose nos permite apostar em sua eficácia como meio de tratamento do Outro e recurso de contenção à passagem ao ato nessa estrutura. Orientados pela leitura lacaniana, constatamos que, na psicose, o simbólico não opera na negativação do gozo, o que faz com que este retorne sobre o psicótico de forma maciça na figura de um Outro ameaçador. Consequentemente, a passagem ao ato nessa estrutura se configura como uma tentativa de extrair o excesso de gozo no campo do Outro. Diante dessa observação, a manobra da transferência seguiu como orientação o tratamento do Outro para fazer barreira ao transbordamento da pulsão, ou seja, uma modalidade de trabalho que buscou regular o gozo do Outro mediante estratégias criadas pelo que se mostrou possível na particularidade do caso.

Palavras-chave: Psicose. Transferência. Tratamento do Outro. Passagem ao ato.
TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA E DEFICIÊNCIA VISUAL: CONTEXTOS INTERATIVOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIOCOMUNICATIVO
Authors: Lemos Emellyne Lima de Medeiros Dias , Medeiros Carolina Silva , Agripino-Ramos Cibele Shírley , Salomão Nádia Maria Ribeiro
Published: October 2020

Considerando a importância da interação social para o desenvolvimento sociocomunicativo infantil, este estudo busca, com base numa revisão teórica, discorrer acerca das similaridades dos contextos interativos de crianças diagnosticadas com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) e de crianças com deficiência visual, focalizando os aspectos sociocomunicativos. Entre as semelhanças entre tais crianças são apontadas na literatura dificuldades em expressar e reconhecer emoções, presença de comportamentos repetitivos e prejuízos na atenção compartilhada. Nesse sentido, considerando os contextos interativos, os estudos na área apontam para a importância da bidirecionalidade e da responsividade por parte do mediador, no sentido de favorecer a interação social dessas crianças, como também do uso de estilos linguísticos diretivos e de objetos concretos, com base nas características comportamentais e sociocomunicativas das crianças. Salienta-se, por fim, que a compreensão dos contextos interativos pode contribuir na elaboração de propostas interventivas que visem a potencializar o desenvolvimento de tais crianças.

Palavras-chave: Transtorno do espectro autista. Deficiência visual. Interação social. Desenvolvimento infantil.
PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL E O ESTUDO DA DESIGUALDADE: REFLEXÕES PARA O DEBATE
Authors: Figueiredo Eugenia Bridget Gadelha , Sawaia Bader Burihan
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo reflete sobre a abordagem da desigualdade social no corpo teórico e nas pesquisas em psicologia social, defendendo que essa deve passar do papel de variável independente a objeto de estudo. Apresenta os riscos epistemológicos e sociais do uso conceito no plural e neste sentido seguimos indagando sobre a concepção de desigualdade social e expondo algumas reflexões para que: i) ela não se torne um conceito bonde que facilite sua redução a diferenças e diversidades, favorecendo o relativismo e/ou tornando-se elemento catalizador do ódio e da segregação e ii) para a (re) criação de conceitos e categorias analíticas que nos permitam alcança-la em sua complexidade ético-política. Busca na filosofia monista de Espinosa e na dialética marxista pressupostos para orientar tais reflexões.

Palavras Chave: psicologia social, desigualdade social, relativismo.
VIOLÊNCIA NAS ESCOLAS EM DEBATE: REFLEXÕES DOCENTES EM UM CONTEXTO ULTRACONSERVADOR
Authors: Mattos Amana Rocha de , Guilherme Thamara Santos , Delgado Isabela Jessula , Cavalcante Julia Leite , Almeida Leonardo Aprígio de
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho discute estratégias e metodologias criadas e reinventadas por professores/as para trabalhar com suas turmas questões relacionadas a violência, desigualdades sociais e preconceito, pensando suas inserções no ambiente escolar. No atual contexto político, que tem fortalecido perspectivas ultraconservadoras e dificultado os debates sobre diversidades nas escolas através da promoção do pânico moral na sociedade, as e os professores pesquisados sinalizam a necessidade de reflexão sobre esses temas em sala de aula, uma vez que estes já estão presentes nas relações escolares. A partir da realização de entrevistas com professores/as de um colégio da rede pública em XXXX, buscamos compreender a reinvenção das estratégias docentes para o trabalho com tais temas, de maneira a promover debates entre estudantes em um contexto de crescente vigilância social e familiar sobre as práticas escolares.

Palavras-chave: Escola; Violência; Gênero e Sexualidade; Metodologias de Ensino.
DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL E SUBJETIVIDADE REVOLUCIONÁRIA: OS DESAFIOS DO TRABALHO DA PSICOLOGIA NO CRAS
Authors: Costa Ana Flávia de Sales , Caldeira Michele de Castro
Published: October 2020

Com a implantação do SUAS, a assistência social passou por importantes reformulações, as quais têm alterado não só o padrão de funcionamento da política pública, mas também requerem novas formas de organização e trabalho, novos papéis e competências dos atores sociais nela envolvidos. Com isso, o profissional da psicologia passa a ser requisitado para contribuir com seus conhecimentos e métodos de trabalho. Inserção que trouxe inquietações e desafios no exercício profissional para a (o) psicóloga (o) no campo da política de assistência social. Neste artigo, pretendemos refletir sobre a importância do trabalho da psicologia no CRAS, tomando a subjetividade revolucionária como seu lócus específico de atuação no enfrentamento da desigualdade social. Para isso, buscamos os pressupostos teóricos da psicologia socio-histórica, por meio de conceitos como sofrimento ético-político e subjetividade revolucionária, elaborados por Bader Sawaia que estuda o processo dialético exclusão-inclusão, inspirada nas teorias de Vigotski e Espinosa.

Palavras–chave: psicologia socio-histórica; desigualdade social; subjetividade revolucionária; CRAS, transformação social.
SOFRIMENTO ÉTICO-POLÍTICO DE INDÍGENAS SATERÉ-MAUÉ E HIXCARIANA QUE MIGRAM DE SUAS ALDEIAS
Authors: Rodrigues Renan Albuquerque , Busarello Flávia R.
Published: October 2020

Este artigo teve como objetivo ponderar acerca de sofrimentos de grupos que se veem forçados a migrar para espaços urbanos na Amazônia, rompendo relações com a terra. Foram utilizadas categorias analíticas de dois grupos de pesquisa de universidades brasileiras e apresentados relatos de sofrimento psíquico de indígenas das etnias Sateré-Mawé/AM e Hixkaryana/AM após a migração para a cidade. A metodologia de coleta foi a etnografia e a análise foi feita sob categorias da psicologia sócio-histórica. Resultados sugerem que a desigualdade social vivida pelos povos indígenas atravessa os sofrimentos vividos na urbe, caracterizando-se por ser um sofrimento ético-político. A concepção de saúde e a categoria de comum se mostraram, neste artigo, como formas de potência para esses povos viverem em contexto urbano.

Palavras-chaves: Sofrimento ético-político, Povos Indígenas, Psicologia Sócio-histórica.
PRÁTICAS GRUPAIS COM JOVENS PROMOVENDO BONS ENCONTROS E SAÚDE ÉTICO-POLÍTICA
Authors: Severino Larissa Franco , Pereira Eliane Regina , Zanella Andréa Vieira
Published: October 2020

Este artigo buscou analisar, a partir do conceito de sofrimento ético-político, cunhado por Sawaia se e de que modo a prática grupal possibilitou o aumento da potência da força de existir das/os jovens e a promoção da saúde ético-política. O trabalho foi realizado com jovens que se inscreveram para atendimento psicológico em uma clínica escola de uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais. Em dez encontros foi possível perceber as afetações das/os jovens em relação aos aspectos que permeiam suas vidas e como estes aspectos aumentam, diminuem, favorecem ou refratam suas potências de existir. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a prática grupal aumenta a potência de ação de jovens ao promover identificações, espaço de escuta e questionamentos. Além disso, configurou-se como espaço para os afetos e para a (re)significação das experiências, bem como para a constituição de relações que se estenderam para além daquele dos encontros.

Palavras-chaves: Jovens; Prática Grupal; Sofrimento ético-político; Saúde ético-política.
Desempenho comparativo entre classificadores supervisionados no mapeamento de áreas de Ecótono em região de Caatinga
Authors: Silva Leandro Félix da , Souza Bartolomeu Israel de , Bacani Vitor Matheus
Published: October 2020

Este estudo teve por finalidade avaliar o desempenho comparativo entre classificadores supervisionados no mapeamento de áreas de Ecótono em região de Caatinga entre os grandes afloramentos rochosos localizados na região da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Cariri no estado da Paraíba. Os procedimentos metodológicos se basearam nos métodos de classificação de Redes Neurais Artificiais (Neural Net), Máquina de Suporte de Vetores (Machine Support Vector - SVM); Mapeamento de Ângulo Espectral (Spectral Angle Mapper - SAM) e a Classificação Orientada a Objeto (Nearest Neighbor) que posteriormente foram validados pelos parâmetros estatísticos de Índice Kappa e Exatidão Global. Os resultados apontaram que os mapeamentos desenvolvidos pelos classificadores Neural Net e SVM foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados, sendo ambos qualificados como excelente, seguido do SAM e Nearest Neighbor, ambos qualificados como muito bom pelo o Índice Kappa. Os resultados são importantes para criação de políticas de preservação e principalmente na gestão desses recursos naturais dentro da APA do Cariri e outras UC’s localizadas na região com as mesmas características.
Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and Beliefs About Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing in Birjand in 2018: An Assessment Using Health Belief Model
Authors: Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Behdani Mohammad Ali , Moodi Mitra
Published: October 2020

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk of HIV acquisition, whose rapid diagnosis not only saves the lives of the mother and fetus and prevents the infection of the husband, but also prevents the transmission of the virus to other people in the community. Objectives: In this line, this study aimed to assess pregnant women’s knowledge and beliefs in Birjand about voluntary HIV counseling and testing based on health belief model constructs. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 238 pregnant women referring to Birjand comprehensive health centers (CHC) in 2018 are studied. Participants were selected using multi-stage random sampling. First, Birjand was divided into four districts as north, south, east, and west. Then, one health center and one CHC were selected from each district. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, model constructs, and behavior, whose validity and reliability were determined. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 and independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.3 + 5.1 years. Mean score of knowledge, susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers and perceived self-efficacy were 5.9 + 3.6, 8.9 + 2.21, 23.7 + 4.7, 34.7 + 4.2, 28.2 + 5.9, and 24.5 + 7.3 respectively and behavior was determined to be 5%. Knowledge was evaluated to be poor in 1.7%, moderate in 51.7%, and good in 46.6%. There was a significant negative relationship between barriers and all model constructs (P < 0.05) and a significant positive relationship between knowledge with perceived susceptibility (r = 0.15) and guidance for action (r = 0.2), susceptibility with perceived severity (r = 0.23). Conclusions: This study showed the insufficiency of pregnant women’s knowledge about the importance of HIV screening. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Health Belief model in CHC to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice of this target group.
“A Distress that Cannot Be Forgotten”
Authors: Wiinikka-Lydon Joseph ,   DePaul University
Published: October 2020

For the abstract, use this text instead: "Using the case of the Bosnian War during the 1990s, and drawing on Iris Murdoch’s philosophy, this paper develops an understanding of moral vulnerability, where one’s ability to imagine certain ways of being ethical can be transformed through the extreme violence of war and genocide. There is a vulnerability to moral injury through violence that is grounded in the way persons imagine themselves and the world. Beginning with the wartime diaries of Zlatko Dizdarević, a survivor of the Bosnian wars of the 1990s, the paper turns to different understandings of moral injury, as well as Margaret Urban Walker’s understanding of “moral vulnerability.” I argue these approaches do not capture an important dimension in Dizdarević’s witness. The paper then turns to Iris Murdoch’s philosophy to begin to articulate and account for this dimension and sketch an understanding of moral vulnerability distinct from current moral injury discourses.
The C-ORAL-BRASIL project for Brazilian Portuguese spoken corpora
Authors: De Almeida Ferrari Lúcia , Bossaglia Giulia
Published: October 2020

In this paper we present a specific subset of spoken corpora of the C-ORAL family, namely the C-ORAL-BRASIL corpora of spontaneous Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Stemmed as the non-European branch of the C-ORAL-ROM project (Cresti & Moneglia 2005), the C-ORAL-BRASIL project has compiled third generation corpora of spoken BP, outstanding not only as specific BP corpora, but also as a model tool for the study of spoken language in general, also thanks to some methodological and technological improvements. Beside the resources for the study of spoken BP, a set of minicorpora compiled for specific studies on information structure (also in languages other than BP) are presented, together with other ongoing compilation processes developed within the C-ORAL-BRASIL research group. All the published resources are available for download at www.c-oral-brasil.org.
Computational tools and spoken corpora design: an ongoing dialogue
Authors: Vázquez Rozas Victoria , Barcala Mario
Published: October 2020

The design of an oral corpus and the processes of registering, codifying and treating the materials in order to build a useful resource for linguistic analysis prompt numerous decisions regarding theory and methodology. This article is focused on those stages of corpus construction which are more clearly conditioned by the computational processing necessary to make it functional.  In order to adequately match the initial expectations and the real possibilities of using the tool, each feature we intend to codify must be measured against the workload and the means required to do so. Therefore, it is essential to take into account the available possibilities of processing and exploitation as they have a crucial impact on decisions regarding the corpus’ construction.
Based on experience acquired in the construction of the ESLORA corpus, the present article looks into some of the problems arising in the process of designing an oral corpus, such as the delicacy with which oral phenomena are represented, the segmentation of the discourse, the coexistence of different simultaneous tagging systems and the particularities of annotation in a bilingual or multilingual context.
Infusion or Decoction Extracts of Helianthus annuus Leaves: Potential Inhibitors for QS system and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: BALKAN Arhun Ali , YILDIZ Ayla , BERBER Didem , GÖKALSIN Barış , SESAL Cenk
Published: October 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the drug-resistant opportunistic pathogens with the ability to form biofilm and to produce a number of virulence factors via Quorum Sensing (QS) regulation. Most researchers have focused on QS inhibition to overcome the drug resistance problem. QS inhibitor molecules are investigated from natural resources. In the present study, anti-QS activities of ethyl acetate extracts of decoction and infusion samples from Helianthus annuus leaves were tested on biosensor strains of P. aeruginosa (lasB-gfp, rhlA-gfp and pqsA-gfp), as well as anti-biofilm activities on PAO1 wild type. H. annuus leaf samples were firstly infused or decocted and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The efficacies of infusion or decoction extracts were examined at the concentrations of 240, 120, and 60 μg/ml in 96-well microplates and evaluated in Citation 3 multimode microplate reader (Biotek). The inhibition rates of decoction extracts were recorded as 70.61% for las, 44.09% for rhl and 83.77% pqs system at 240 μg/ml. The biofilm inhibition percentages of the extracts were determined to be 50.82% (±1.36). Moreover, inhibition rates for infusion extracts were detected as 62.08% for las, 45.15% for rhl and 77.79% for pqs, and 53.88% (±3.94) for biofilm formation. In conclusion, the potential efficacies of the extracts of decocted or infused H.annuus leaves were demonstrated on QS system and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. However, there is a need for more detailed investigations and determination of the active substances that have QSI and anti-biofilm effect.
The advanced lung cancer inflammation index predicts short and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer following surgical resection: a retrospective study
Authors: Xie Hailun , Huang Shizhen , Yuan Guanghui , Kuang Jiaan , Yan Ling , Wei Lishuang , Tang Shuangyi , Gan Jialiang
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose

Several studies have proposed that the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), a new inflammation-related index, can be used for the prognosis assessment of various malignancies. However, few studies have reported its prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this study explored the relationship between ALI and outcomes in CRC patients.

Methods

A total of 662 CRC patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2014 were included. The ALI was defined as: body mass index × serum albumin/neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. The X-tile program identified the optimal cut-off value of ALI. Logistic regression analyses determined factors affecting postoperative complications. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards analyses evaluated potential prognostic factors.

Results

The optimal cut-off of ALI in males and females were 31.6 and 24.4, respectively. Low-ALI was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in CRC patients (odds ratio: 1.933, 95% CI [1.283–2.911], p = 0.002). Low-ALI groups also had significantly lower progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), when compared with the high-ALI group, especially at advance tumor stages. Using multivariate analysis, ALI was determined as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio: 1.372, 95% CI [1.060–1.777], p = 0.016) and OS (hazard ratio: 1.453, 95% confidence interval: 1.113–1.898, p = 0.006).

Conclusion

ALI is an independent predictor of short and long-term outcomes in CRC patients, especially at advance tumor stages. The ALI-based nomograms can provide accurate and individualized prediction of postoperative complication risk and survival for CRC patients.
Investigation for a multi-silique trait in Brassica napus by alternative splicing analysis
Authors: Chai Liang , Zhang Jinfang , Li Haojie , Zheng Benchuan , Jiang Jun , Cui Cheng , Jiang Liangcai
Published: October 2020

Background

Flower and fruit development are vital stages of the angiosperm lifecycle. We previously investigated the multi-silique trait in the rapeseed (Brassica napus) line zws-ms on a genomic and transcriptomic level, leading to the identification of two genomic regions and several candidate genes associated with this trait. However, some events on the transcriptome level, like alternative splicing, were poorly understood.

Methods

Plants from zws-ms and its near-isogenic line (NIL) zws-217 were both grown in Xindu with normal conditions and a colder area Ma’erkang. Buds from the two lines were sampled and RNA was isolated to perform the transcriptomic sequencing. The numbers and types of alternative splicing (AS) events from the two lines were counted and classified. Genes with AS events and expressed differentially between the two lines, as well as genes with AS events which occurred in only one line were emphasized. Their annotations were further studied.

Results

From the plants in Xindu District, an average of 205,496 AS events, which could be sorted into five AS types, were identified. zws-ms and zws-217 shared highly similar ratios of each AS type: The alternative 5′ and 3′ splice site types were the most common, while the exon skipping type was observed least often. Eleven differentially expressed AS genes were identified, of which four were upregulated and seven were downregulated in zws-ms. Their annotations implied that five of these genes were directly associated with the multi-silique trait. While samples from colder area Ma’erkang generated generally reduced number of each type of AS events except for Intron Retention; but the number of differentially expressed AS genes increased significantly. Further analysis found that among the 11 differentially expressed AS genes from Xindu, three of them maintained the same expression models, while the other eight genes did not show significant difference between the two lines in expression level. Additionally, the 205 line-specific expressed AS genes were analyzed, of which 187 could be annotated, and two were considered to be important.

Discussion

This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of the agronomically important multi-silique trait in rapeseed on the transcriptome level and screens out some environment-responding candidate genes.
Coupled exuviae of the OrdovicianOvalocephalus(Pliomeridae, Trilobita) in South China and its behavioral implications
Authors: Zong Ruiwen
Published: October 2020

Ecdysis was a vital process during the lives of trilobites. In addition to preserving the morphological changes in trilobite ontogeny, the preservation of its action often captured interesting behavioral information. Abundant exuviae ofOvalocephalus tetrasulcatusare preserved in the Ordovician strata in central Hubei, China, and some of them are arranged with two or three together end to end or superimposed. The preserved patterns and burial conditions indicate that these specimens were caused by the active behavior of trilobites. It is speculated that these exuvial clusters were formed by two or three trilobites in line to molt; that is, after one trilobite finished molting, other trilobites molted in front of, behind, or overlying the previously molted shells. This ecdysis strategy is interpreted as related to the postulated herding behavior of some trilobites, representing a behavioral response of the trilobites to choose a nearby safe zone during some risky life activities.
Metabolic enzyme ACSL3 is a prognostic biomarker and correlates with anticancer effectiveness of statins in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fernández Lara Paula , Merino María , Colmenarejo Gonzalo , Moreno‐Rubio Juan , Sánchez‐Martínez Ruth , Quijada‐Freire Adriana , Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Reglero Guillermo , Casado Enrique , Sereno María , Ramírez de Molina Ana
Published: October 2020

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, still characterized by high mortality rates. As lipid metabolism contributes to cancer metabolic reprogramming, several lipid metabolism genes are considered prognostic biomarkers of cancer. Statins are a class of lipid‐lowering compounds used in treatment of cardiovascular disease that are currently studied for their antitumor effects. However, their exact mechanism of action and specific conditions in which they should be administered remains unclear. Here, we found that simvastatin treatment effectively promoted antiproliferative effects and modulated lipid metabolism‐related pathways in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that the antiproliferative effects of statins were potentiated by overexpression of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 3 (ACSL3). Moreover, ACSL3 overexpression was associated with worse clinical outcome in patients with high‐grade NSCLC. Finally, we found that patients with high expression levels of ACSL3 displayed a clinical benefit of statins treatment. Therefore, our study highlights ACSL3 as a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC, useful to select patients who would obtain a clinical benefit from statin administration.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators decrease invasiveness in pituitary adenoma cell lines AtT‐20 and TtT/GF by affecting expression of MMP‐14 and ADAM12
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Bartsch Jörg W. , Benzel Julia , Lei Ting , Nimsky Christopher , Voellger Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) significantly affect survival and invasiveness of rodent pituitary adenoma (PA) cells. The impact of three clinically relevant SERMs (bazedoxifene, clomiphene, raloxifene) on invasiveness and on gene and protein expression of invasion‐related proteases [matrix metalloproteinase‐14 (MMP‐14) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐12 (ADAM12)] was analyzed in murine PA cells (AtT‐20 and TtT/GF). All SERMs significantly decreased cell invasiveness. Moreover, SERMs significantly decreased expression of ADAM12 mRNA in both cell lines and of MMP‐14 mRNA in TtT/GF cells. Invasion rates of AtT‐20 and TtT/GF significantly decreased after ADAM12 gene silencing, and the invasion rate of TtT/GF cells significantly decreased after MMP‐14 gene silencing. All SERMs affected ADAM12 protein expression in AtT‐20 cells whereas bazedoxifene and raloxifene decreased MMP‐14 protein expression in TtT/GF cells. We conclude that SERMs attenuate invasiveness of murine PA cells by downregulating expression levels of invasion‐related proteases MMP‐14 and ADAM12.
Cumulative Disadvantage and Disparities in Depression and Pain Among Veterans With Osteoarthritis: The Role of Perceived Discrimination
Authors: McClendon Juliette , Essien Utibe R. , Youk Ada , Ibrahim Said A. , Vina Ernest , Kwoh C. Kent , Hausmann Leslie R. M.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Perceived discrimination is associated with chronic pain and depression and contributes to racial health disparities. In a cohort of older adult veterans with osteoarthritis (OA), our objective was to examine how membership in multiple socially disadvantaged groups (cumulative disadvantage) was associated with perceived discrimination, pain, and depression. We also tested whether perceived discrimination mediated the association of cumulative disadvantage with depression and pain.

Methods

We analyzed baseline data from 270 African American veterans and 247 White veterans enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a psychological intervention for chronic pain at 2 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers. Participants were age ≥50 years and self‐reported symptomatic knee OA. Measures included the Everyday Discrimination Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale, and demographic variables. Cumulative disadvantage was defined as the number of socially disadvantaged groups to which each participant belonged (i.e., self‐reported female sex, African American race, annual income of <$20,000, and/or unemployed due to disability). We used linear regression models and Sobel’s test of mediation to examine hypotheses.

Results

The mean ± SD number of social disadvantages was 1.3 ± 1.0. Cumulative disadvantage was significantly associated with higher perceived discrimination, pain, and depression (P < 0.001 for all). Perceived discrimination significantly mediated the association between cumulative disadvantage and depression symptoms (Z = 3.75, P < 0.001) as well as pain severity (Z = 2.24, P = 0.025).

Conclusion

Perceived discrimination is an important psychosocial stressor that contributes to worsening OA‐related mental and physical health outcomes, with greater effects among those from multiple socially disadvantaged groups.
TSG‐6 Is Weakly Chondroprotective in Murine OA but Does not Account for FGF2‐Mediated Joint Protection
Authors: Zhu Linyi , Donhou Shannah , Burleigh Annika , Miotla Zarebska Jadwiga , Curtinha Marcia , Parisi Ida , Khan Sumayya Nafisa , Dell’Accio Francesco , Chanalaris Anastasios , Vincent Tonia L.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Tumor necrosis factor α–stimulated gene 6 (TSG‐6) is an anti‐inflammatory protein highly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA), but its influence on the course of OA is unknown.

Methods

Cartilage injury was assessed by murine hip avulsion or by recutting rested explants. Forty‐two previously validated injury genes were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in whole joints following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) (6 hours and 7 days). Joint pathology was assessed at 8 and 12 weeks following DMM in 10‐week‐old male and female fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)−/−, TSG‐6−/−, TSG‐6tg (overexpressing), FGF2−/−;TSG‐6tg (8 weeks only) mice, as well as strain‐matched, wild‐type controls. In vivo cartilage repair was assessed 8 weeks following focal cartilage injury in TSG‐6tg and control mice. FGF2 release following cartilage injury was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

TSG‐6 messenger RNA upregulation was strongly FGF2‐dependent upon injury in vitro and in vivo. Fifteeen inflammatory genes were significantly increased in TSG‐6−/− joints, including IL1α, Ccl2, and Adamts5 compared with wild type. Six genes were significantly suppressed in TSG‐6−/− joints including Timp1, Inhibin βA, and podoplanin (known FGF2 target genes). FGF2 release upon cartilage injury was not influenced by levels of TSG‐6. Cartilage degradation was significantly increased at 12 weeks post‐DMM in male TSG‐6−/− mice, with a nonsignificant 30% reduction in disease seen in TSG‐6tg mice. No differences were observed in cartilage repair between genotypes. TSG‐6 overexpression was unable to prevent accelerated OA in FGF2−/− mice.

Conclusion

TSG‐6 influences early gene regulation in the destabilized joint and exerts a modest late chondroprotective effect. Although strongly FGF2 dependent, TSG‐6 does not explain the strong chondroprotective effect of FGF2.
3D Finite‐Element Simulation of Wedge Splitting Test of Non‐Standard Ceramic Double Cantilever Beam with Chevron Notch
Authors: Lasko Galina , Deryugin Evgeny , Danilenko Igor , Schmauder Siegfried
Published: October 2020

Small‐scaled non‐standard specimens with chevron notch (CN) from Zirconia ceramics are probed both numerically and experimentally by wedging. The original construction in the form of double cantilever beam (DCB) with CN is considered for the fracture toughness determination of ZrO2 specimens. The fracture toughness is determined in experiment on wedging of DCB with CN, with application of analytical formula derived by one of the authors and maximum force, bending the cantilever's arm. The 3D finite‐element simulations of wedge splitting test are performed using two approaches: cohesive zone modeling (CZM) approach and element elimination technique (EET). The specific fracture energy defined in experiments is taken as the input parameter for CZM simulations of crack propagation. The effect of parameters, namely, cohesive strength, and friction coefficient, between ceramic wedge and ceramic cantilever, is considered. Different traction–separation laws are implemented, and the resulting force–displacement curves are compared with experimentally obtained ones. In the CZM approach, considering the fracture energy and the predefined crack path, matching of experimental and numerical results is not achieved. In EET, in which the restrictions on the crack paths and the requirements for inputting the fracture energy are not imposed, a good match with the experimental results is achieved.
Asymmetric Polymer Electrolyte Constructed by Metal–Organic Framework for Solid‐State, Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Wang Guoxu , He Pingge , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: October 2020

Solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with flexibility, easy processability, and low cost have been regarded as promising alternatives for conventional liquid electrolytes in next‐generation high‐safety lithium metal batteries. However, SPEs generally suffer poor strength to block Li dendrite growth during the charge/discharge process, which severely limits their wide practical applications. Here, a rational design of 3D cross‐linked network asymmetric SPE modified with a metal–organic framework (MOF) layer on one side is proposed and prepared through an in‐situ polymerization process. In such unique asymmetric SPEs, the nanoscale MOF layer acts as a shield that effectively suppresses the growth of Li dendrites and regulates the uniform Li+ transport, and the polymer electrolyte can be scattered in the whole cell to endow the smooth transmission of Li+. As a result, the asymmetric SPE exhibits high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, high thermal stability and safety, which endows the Li/Li symmetrical cell with outstanding cyclic stability (operate well over 800 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 for the capacity of 0.1 mAh cm−2).
Unraveling the Voltage Failure Mechanism in Metal Sulfide Anodes for Sodium Storage and Improving Their Long Cycle Life by Sulfur‐Doped Carbon Protection
Authors: Wang Fei , Han Fei , He Yulong , Zhang Jian , Wu Huang , Tao Ji , Zhang Chengzhi , Zhang Fuquan , Liu Jinshui
Published: October 2020

Metal sulfides are emerging as a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries with high reversible capacities and fast reaction kinetics, but achieving long‐cycling‐life remains a great challenge. Here, taking cobalt sulfide as an example, its electrochemical sodium‐ion storage failure phenomenon is first reported, which indicates that the battery cannot reach the cut‐off voltage during charging. Detailed analyses demonstrate that such failure may originate from the dissolution and escape of polysulfide intermediates, further reacting with the released copper‐ions from the current collector and inducing the occurrence of the shuttle effect. Based on the explored failure mechanism, a sulfur‐doped carbon matrix with polar carbon sulfur bonds, which can firmly immobilize the dissolved polysulfides, is deliberately introduced into the Co1−xS active particles (Co1−xS/s‐C) to improve their cycle stability. Consequently, the cycle life of the Co1−xS/s‐C anode for sodium‐ion storage is extended from the original 125 to present 2000 cycles, even at high‐rate current densities. Moreover, utilizing the carbon current collector instead of traditional copper can effectively delay the occurrence of the failure phenomenon. The present work promotes better fundamental understanding of the structural evolution of metal sulfide anodes during cycles, and the solution strategy can be extended to apply in other metal sulfides (ZnS, NiS).
Functional Fibers and Fabrics for Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Human–Robot Interface
Authors: Xiong Jiaqing , Chen Jian , Lee Pooi See
Published: October 2020

Soft robotics inspired by the movement of living organisms, with excellent adaptability and accuracy for accomplishing tasks, are highly desirable for efficient operations and safe interactions with human. With the emerging wearable electronics, higher tactility and skin affinity are pursued for safe and user‐friendly human–robot interactions. Fabrics interlocked by fibers perform traditional static functions such as warming, protection, and fashion. Recently, dynamic fibers and fabrics are favorable to deliver active stimulus responses such as sensing and actuating abilities for soft‐robots and wearables. First, the responsive mechanisms of fiber/fabric actuators and their performances under various external stimuli are reviewed. Fiber/yarn‐based artificial muscles for soft‐robots manipulation and assistance in human motion are discussed, as well as smart clothes for improving human perception. Second, the geometric designs, fabrications, mechanisms, and functions of fibers/fabrics for sensing and energy harvesting from the human body and environments are summarized. Effective integration between the electronic components with garments, human skin, and living organisms is illustrated, presenting multifunctional platforms with self‐powered potential for human–robot interactions and biomedicine. Lastly, the relationships between robotic/wearable fibers/fabrics and the external stimuli, together with the challenges and possible routes for revolutionizing the robotic fibers/fabrics and wearables in this new era are proposed.
A New Highly Anisotropic Rh‐Based Heusler Compound for Magnetic Recording
Authors: He Yangkun , Fecher Gerhard H. , Fu Chenguang , Pan Yu , Manna Kaustuv , Kroder Johannes , Jha Ajay , Wang Xiao , Hu Zhiwei , Agrestini Stefano , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Valvidares Manuel , Skourski Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Stamenov Plamen , Borrmann Horst , Tjeng Liu Hao , Schaefer Rudolf , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Coey John Michael D. , Felser Claudia
Published: October 2020

The development of high‐density magnetic recording media is limited by superparamagnetism in very small ferromagnetic crystals. Hard magnetic materials with strong perpendicular anisotropy offer stability and high recording density. To overcome the difficulty of writing media with a large coercivity, heat‐assisted magnetic recording was developed, rapidly heating the media to the Curie temperature Tc before writing, followed by rapid cooling. Requirements are a suitable Tc, coupled with anisotropic thermal conductivity and hard magnetic properties. Here, Rh2CoSb is introduced as a new hard magnet with potential for thin‐film magnetic recording. A magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3.6 MJ m−3 is combined with a saturation magnetization of μ0Ms = 0.52 T at 2 K (2.2 MJ m−3 and 0.44 T at room temperature). The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the highest observed for any rare‐earth‐free hard magnet. The anisotropy is related to an unquenched orbital moment of 0.42 μB on Co, which is hybridized with neighboring Rh atoms with a large spin–orbit interaction. Moreover, the pronounced temperature dependence of the anisotropy that follows from its Tc of 450 K, together with a thermal conductivity of 20 W m−1 K−1, make Rh2CoSb a candidate for the development of heat‐assisted writing with a recording density in excess of 10 Tb in.−2.
A Biocompatible Nanofibers‐Based Microchip for Isolation and Nondestructive Release of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Naiqi , Cai Bo , Wei Xiaoyun , Wang Zixiang , Cui Heng , Zhao Dongshan , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhao Xing‐Zhong
Published: October 2020

The enrichment and analysis of fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) with fetal intact genome provide an entry for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) as well as intervention of birth defects. Although efficiently fishing and counting fNRBCs from maternal peripheral blood is gaining tremendous interest for decades, it has been impeded recently by its low abundance. In this study, a compatible chitosan nanofiber microchip is developed to specifically capture and nondestructively release fNRBCs from maternal blood. The substrate has 3D nanostructures formed by electrospun chitosan nanofibers, which integrates with anti‐CD147 to capture fNRBCs with an efficiency of 90%. Subsequently, dithiothreitol is employed to release the captured cells with the efficiency up to 90% while the cell viability is kept at 91.2%. Using the chip, the fNRBCs are successfully isolated from peripheral blood of ten pregnant women in the first trimester ranging from 7 to 13 weeks. Overall, this nanofibrous bioplatform combined with functionalized interface molecules offers a promising strategy to isolate fNRBCs from early gestation period, and provides new prospects for advanced studies to facilitate NIPD in future.
Flexible Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors for the Detection of Uric Acid in Artificial Wound Exudate
Authors: Galliani Marina , Diacci Chiara , Berto Marcello , Sensi Matteo , Beni Valerio , Berggren Magnus , Borsari Marco , Simon Daniel T. , Biscarini Fabio , Bortolotti Carlo A.
Published: October 2020

Low‐cost, minimally invasive sensors able to provide real‐time monitoring of wound infection can enable the optimization of healthcare resources in chronic wounds management. Here, a novel printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) biosensor for monitoring uric acid (UA), a bacterial infection biomarker in wounds, is demonstrated in artificial wound exudate. The sensor exploits the enzymatic conversion of UA to 5‐hydroxyisourate, catalyzed by Uricase entrapped in a dual‐ionic‐layer hydrogel membrane casted onto the gate. The sensor response is based on the catalytic oxidation of the hydrogen peroxide, generated as part of the Uricase regeneration process, at the Pt modified gate. The proposed dual membrane avoids the occurrence of nonspecific faradic reactions as, for example, the direct oxidation of UA or other electroactive molecules that would introduce a potentially false negative response. The biosensor is robust and its response is reproducible both in phosphate buffer saline and in complex solutions mimicking the wound exudate. The sensor has a high sensitivity in the range encompassing the pathological levels of UA in wounds (<200 μm) exhibiting a limit of detection of 4.5 μm in artificial wound exudate. All these characteristics make this OECT‐based biosensor attractive for wound monitoring interfaced to the patient.
N−N Bond Formation Using an Iodonitrene as an Umpolung of Ammonia: Straightforward and Chemoselective Synthesis of Hydrazinium Salts
Authors: Tota Arianna , Colella Marco , Carlucci Claudia , Aramini Andrea , Clarkson Guy , Degennaro Leonardo , Bull James A. , Luisi Renzo
Published: October 2020

The formation of hydrazinium salts by N−N bond formation has typically involved the use of hazardous and difficult to handle reagents. Here, mild and operationally simple conditions for the synthesis of hydrazinium salts are reported. Electrophilic nitrogen transfer to the nitrogen atom of tertiary amines is achieved using iodosylbenzene as oxidant and ammonium carbamate as the N‐source. The resulting process is highly chemoselective and tolerant to other functional groups. A wide scope is reported, including examples with bioactive molecules. Insights on the structure of hydrazinium salts were provided by X‐ray analysis.

magnified image
Engineered Removal of Trace NH3 by Porous Organic Polymers Modified via Sequential Post‐Sulfonation and Post‐Alkylation
Authors: Kang Dong Won , Kang Minjung , Kim Dae Won , Kim Hyojin , Lee Yong Hoon , Yun Hongryeol , Choe Jong Hyeak , Hong Chang Seop
Published: October 2020

Although NH3 is damaging to human health and the environment, a smart synthetic route toward adsorbents with controllable adsorption and desorption properties at ultralow concentrations remains unexplored. Herein, double postsynthetically modified porous organic polymers, obtained via post‐sulfonation and post‐alkylation, are reported. The sulfonated adsorbent, 1S, exhibits a record‐high NH3 capacity (4.03 mmol g−1) at ≈500 ppm. Notably, the polymer can capture NH3 even at a ppb concentration level. Hydrophobization of the sulfonated materials with alkyl chains affords cost‐effective and scalable adsorbents (1SCx and 1ESCx), which possess a high contact angle (≈120°) with water, thus resulting in rapid desorption kinetics and exceptional recyclability under dry and humid conditions at room temperature. This is the first demonstration of this design strategy for the control of the desorption of NH3 among porous adsorbents.
Remarkable High Thermoelectric Conversion Efficiency Materials of BeMF3 (M = Al, Y)
Authors: Sun Hai‐Long , Yang Chuan‐Lu , Wang Mei‐Shan , Ma Xiao‐Guang
Published: October 2020

Large dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) and high thermoelectric conversion efficiency (η) are key factors to achieve practical application for the semiconductor materials. Here, two semiconductor materials of BeMF3 (M = Al, Y) with excellent thermoelectric performance are reported. In particular, the ZT and η of BeMF3 reach 4.76 and 48%, respectively, which are larger than those of all the reported thermoelectric materials in the literature. The electronic properties of BeMF3 with first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory are carried out. The geometrical structures of BeMF3 are fully relaxed and stabilities are confirmed by phonon dispersions. Transport properties are determined by the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory with accurate band structures. The results show that the regions of the large Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivity are overlapped with those of the small electronic thermal conductivity for the n‐ and p‐type systems and especially true for BeYF3, which brings about the enhanced ZT values. Moreover, the small lattice thermal conductivities also contribute to the large ZT values.
Gate Stack Engineering in MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistor for Reduced Channel Doping and Hysteresis Effect
Authors: Sheng Yaochen , Chen Xinyu , Liao Fuyou , Wang Yin , Ma Jingyi , Deng Jianan , Guo Zhongxun , Bu Sitong , Shen Hui , Bai Fuyu , Huang Daming , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Chen Lin , Zhu Hao , Sun Qingqing , Zhou Peng , Zhang David Wei , Wan Jing , Bao Wenzhong
Published: October 2020

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising semiconductive films for applications in future devices due to their prosperous and tunable band structures. However, most TMD‐based top gate transistors suffer from a significant doping effect in the channel due to the subsequent deposition high‐k dielectric layer and metal gate, which limits their practical applications. In this work, the channel doping effect caused by various processing steps based on mechanical exfoliated MoS2 sheets is systematically investigated. This work illustrates a clear correlation among these steps and provides a simple and efficient methodology to realize high‐performance enhancement mode MoS2 field effect transistors, which can be extended to other 2D materials.
Review of Emerging Concepts in SEI Analysis and Artificial SEI Membranes for Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Metal Battery Anodes
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Pengcheng , Mitlin David
Published: October 2020

Anodes for lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, and potassium metal batteries are susceptible to failure due to dendrite growth. This review details the structure–chemistry–performance relations in membranes that stabilize the anodes’ solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), allowing for stable electrochemical plating/stripping. Case studies involving Li, Na, and K are presented to illustrate key concepts. “Classical” versus “modern” understandings of the SEI are described, with an emphasis on the new structural insights obtained through novel analytical techniques, including in situ liquid‐secondary ion mass spectroscopy, titration gas chromatography, and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This Review highlights diverse approaches for increasing SEI stability, either by inserting a secondary layer between the native SEI and the separator, or by combining the membrane with a native SEI to form a hybrid composite. Exciting and nonintuitive findings are discussed, such as that the metal anode roughness profoundly affects the SEI structure and stability, or that organic artificial SEI‐layers may be more effective than the native inorganic–organic SEIs. Emerging multifunctional architectures are presented, which serve a dual role as metal hosts and metal surface protection layers. Throughout the Review, fruitful future research directions and the critical areas where there is incomplete understanding are discussed.