bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting community institutional partnerships to improve the health of intimate partner violence survivors experiencing homelessness
Authors: Jagasia Emma , Lee Jennifer J. , Wilson Patty R.
Published: July 2022

Background

Disparities faced by individuals experiencing homelessness pose significant threats to the health and wellbeing of communities. Survivors of intimate partner violence are at heightened risk, with over 80% experiencing homelessness at some point in time. The intersection of homelessness and survivorship creates numerous barriers to care including safety concerns, stable housing, employment and childcare needs. The establishment of community institutional partnerships offers an opportunity to provide healthcare in transitional housing settings.

Aims

The aim of this paper is to discuss the need for community institutional partnerships in addressing the health needs of intimate partner violence survivors and provide a working example of an existing partnership.

Methods

A critical literature review of the literature was conducted. Multiple databases were searched to identify articles relating to health services, community institutional partnerships, intimate partner violence and sheltered housing. Articles were reviewed using The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Quality Guide.

Findings

Three types of partnerships that can be leveraged to address the needs of individuals experiencing homelessness were identified: academic‐community, hospital‐community, and large‐scale partnerships. Only one article was identified that focused on the health needs of survivors experiencing homelessness, pointing to the need for implementation of more community institutional partnerships to address the unique needs of homeless intimate partner violence survivors. We highlighted a current successful community institutional partnership that addresses the health needs of survivors living in an emergency shelter.

Implications

Addressing the complex needs of this population is imperative to dismantle health inequities and structural barriers to healthcare. Holistic, nurse‐led approaches to care are essential to address the health of intimate partner violence survivors experiencing homelessness. The example of a successful community institutional partnership provides a framework for delivering a wide range of healthcare services. Future nursing research is needed to evaluate programmes and provide foundational support for increased funding.
A rapid review of the impact of COVID‐19 on clinical supervision practices of healthcare workers and students in healthcare settings
Authors: Martin Priya , Tian Esther , Kumar Saravana , Lizarondo Lucylynn
Published: July 2022

Aims

To synthesize available data on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinical supervision practices of healthcare workers and students in healthcare settings.

Design

A quantitative rapid review of the literature.

Data Sources

A search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and Scopus for English language papers published between December 2019 (initial onset of the pandemic) to March 2021.

Review methods

Using the World Health Organization and Cochrane guidelines for rapid reviews, following an identification of relevant papers and data extraction, a narrative synthesis approach was used to develop themes.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Four themes identified from data synthesis were nature and extent of disruptions to clinical supervision, unmet need for psychological support, supervisors also need support and unpacking telesupervision. Findings highlight the extent and nature of disruption to clinical supervision at the point of care. Further information on factors that facilitate high‐quality telesupervision have come to light.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic has placed tremendous burden on healthcare workers compromising their own health and well‐being. It is essential to restore effective clinical supervision practices at the point of care, so as to enhance patient, healthcare worker and organizational outcomes into the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic period.

Impact

This review has provided initial evidence on the adverse impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinical supervision of healthcare workers and students at the point of care. Available evidence indicates the urgent need to restore effective and high‐quality clinical supervision practices in health settings. The review has highlighted a paucity of studies in this area, calling for further high‐quality studies.
In vitro radiosensitization of breast cancer with hypoxia‐activated prodrugs
Authors: Aiyappa‐Maudsley Radhika , Elsalem Lina , Ibrahim Ali I. M. , Pors Klaus , Martin Stewart G.
Published: July 2022

KP167 is a novel hypoxia‐activated prodrug (HAP), targeting cancer cells via DNA intercalating and alkylating properties. The single agent and radiosensitizing efficacy of KP167 and its parental comparator, AQ4N, were evaluated in 2D and 3D cultures of luminal and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and compared against DNA damage repair inhibitors. 2D normoxic treatment with the DNA repair inhibitors, Olaparib or KU‐55933 caused, as expected, substantial radiosensitization (sensitiser enhancement ratio, SER0.01 of 1.60–3.42). KP167 induced greater radiosensitization in TNBC (SER0.01 2.53 in MDAMB‐231, 2.28 in MDAMB‐468, 4.55 in MDAMB‐436) and luminal spheroids (SER0.01 1.46 in MCF‐7 and 1.76 in T47D cells) compared with AQ4N. Significant radiosensitization was also obtained using KP167 and AQ4N in 2D normoxia. Although hypoxia induced radioresistance, radiosensitization by KP167 was still greater under 2D hypoxia, yielding SER0.01 of 1.56–2.37 compared with AQ4N SER0.01 of 1.13–1.94. Such data show KP167 as a promising single agent and potent radiosensitiser of both normoxic and hypoxic breast cancer cells, with greater efficacy in TNBCs.
Prenatal exposure to nickel and atopic dermatitis at age 3 years: a birth cohort study with cytokine profiles
Authors: Ho J.C. , Wen H.J. , Sun C.W. , Tsai S.F. , Su P.H. , Chang C.L. , Sun H.L. , Wang S.L. , Lee C.H.
Published: July 2022

Background

Nickel, the fifth most common element on Earth, is the leading inducer of contact allergies in humans, with potent immunological effects. Nickel‐induced contact allergies predominantly affect females. Maternal exposure to nickel has been associated with several developmental abnormalities. However, how a maternal nickel exposure affects the development of atopic diathesis and immune abnormalities in children has never been addressed.

Objectives

We aimed to determine whether maternal nickel exposure affects the development of atopic dermatitis and immune abnormalities in their children.

Methods

Using a birth cohort study, we analysed 140 mother–child pairs recruited in 2012–2015 from central Taiwan. Maternal exposure to nickel was estimated using urinary nickel levels measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The serum levels of 65 analytes and IgE in 3‐year‐old children were profiled with a multiplex ELISA. The correlation between the maternal urinary nickel concentration and serum analyte levels was assessed using Spearmen's correlation. Multivariant regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between maternal urinary nickel levels and serum analyte concentrations in their children.

Results

The geometric means of the maternal urinary nickel and the children's serum IgE levels were 2.27 μg/L and 69.71 IU/mL, respectively. The maternal nickel exposure was associated with increased serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐2, TNF‐α, and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) but with decreased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), IL‐2R, and eotaxin‐1 in the children. In addition, the development of childhood atopic dermatitis at 3 years old was significantly associated with the child's serum levels of IgE and IL‐2R, but it was negatively associated with the maternal nickel exposure.

Conclusions

This is the first study showing the potential immunological effects of maternal nickel exposure in their children at an early developmental stage.
The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and multilocus sequence typing of colistin‐resistant bacteria isolated from Penaeus vannamei farms in earthen ponds and HDPE film‐lined ponds in China
Authors: Que Muyi , Cao Weiwei , Zhang Huang , Shi Lei , Ye Lei
Published: July 2022

The aquaculture environment, especially the culture ponds and aquaculture products, is considered to be an important reservoir of colistin resistance genes. However, systematic investigations of colistin resistance in Penaeus vannamei farming in different culture modes are scarce. In this study, a total of 93 non‐duplicated samples were collected from P. vannamei farms in five cities in China from 2019 to 2021. The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of colistin‐resistant bacteria were measured and analysed. The results showed that among the 1601 isolates in P. vannamei and its environmental samples, the pollution of colistin‐resistant bacteria was serious (the overall prevalence was 37.3% and 28.8%, respectively), regardless of the earthen pond or high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) film‐lined pond. Among 533 isolates, the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, mcr‐1, was the highest (60%, 320/533), followed by mcr‐4 (1.5%, 8/533), mcr‐8 (0.9%, 5/533), mcr‐10 (0.6%, 3/533) and mcr‐7 (0.4%, 2/533). The prevalence of mcr‐1 in earthen ponds was significantly higher than that in HDPE film‐lined ponds (67.5% vs. 49.1%, p < .001). The dominant strain carrying mcr‐1 was Bacillus spp. (54.1%, 173/320), followed by Enterobacter spp. (8.1%, 26/320), Staphylococcus spp. (6.3%, 20/320) and Aeromonas spp. (5.3%, 17/320). The antibiotic resistance profiles of 173 Bacillus spp. varied among different sampling locations and culture types. These isolates were highly resistant to cefepime, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and ceftiofur (>45%), and multidrug‐resistant isolates were common (62.4%, 108/173). Sequence type (ST) 26 (37/66, 56%) was found to be the most prevalent ST in mcr‐1‐positive Bacillus cereus isolated from the aquaculture environment. In summary, our study pointed out that it is necessary to continuously monitor antibiotic usage and its residues regardless of the pond types, especially with regard to critical drugs such as colistin.
Antigenic epitope screening and functional modification of mannose enhance the efficacy of largemouth bass virus subunit vaccines
Authors: Jia Yi‐Jun , Xia Jun‐Yao , Jiang Fu‐Yi , Li Yang , Chen Guo , Zhu Bin
Published: July 2022

Major capsid protein (MCP) can be used as a subunit vaccine against largemouth bass virus (LMBV). However, subunit vaccines usually have low immunogenicity. Here, to identify the major immunogenicity determinant region of the MCP gene, we truncated the MCP of the LMBV gene into four parts (MCP‐1, MCP‐2, MCP‐3 and MCP‐4). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to identify the antigenicity of these four truncated MCP proteins. Then, the highly antigenic truncated protein was modified with mannose and connected with functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as carriers. Largemouth basses were immunized by bath immersion, challenged with LMBV on the 28th day after immunization and evaluated for related immune indicators. The results indicated that the MCP‐2 protein could induce a higher antibody titre than the other truncated MCP proteins. We found that the levels of immune‐related genes (TNF‐α, CD40, IgM, IFNγ and IL‐10) in the spleen and kidney were significantly increased in the MCP‐2 and MCP‐2‐Man groups. ELISA results showed that the antibody content in the serum increased significantly in the MCP‐2 group 7 days post‐vaccination and increased with days in all the vaccinated groups, with the highest observed on the 21st day. Notably, the MCP‐2‐Man vaccine (10 mg L−1) showed durability of immunoprotection efficacy that could protect largemouth basses from LMBV challenge, and the immune protection rate reached 78.94%. These results suggest that MCP‐2 might be the major immunogenicity determinant region of LMBV and that the mannose‐modified MCP‐2 vaccine can induce stronger adaptive immune responses.
Intersectional stigma and developmental competence among youth living with HIV
Authors: Gabbidon Kemesha , Chenneville Tiffany , Earnshaw Valerie , Drake Hunter
Published: July 2022

HIV continues to heavily burden vulnerable groups including youth, racial/ethnic minorities, sexual and gender minorities, and those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Youth living with HIV (YLWH) experience intersecting stigmas that may produce disruptive effects as they navigate adolescence. Considering the dual roles of development and intersectionality, we produce an integrated framework pulling on the constructs of the Process Person Context Time Model—a developmental framework—and the Stigma and HIV Disparities Model—an intersectional framework—to produce a nuanced examination of the processes, persons, and contexts supporting psychosocial and biological resilience among YLWH. Implications for future directions such as expanding theoretical frameworks to address both the developmental and intersectional challenges experienced by YLWH (and/or living with other stigmatized illnesses) and creating policies and practices that support the health of vulnerable youth are discussed.
Inflammatory complications after hair transplantation: Report of 10 cases
Authors: Saad Sarra , Cavelier‐Balloy Bénédicte , Smadja Jack , Assouly Philippe , Reygagne Pascal
Published: July 2022

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a pathology involving the aesthetic prognosis. Hair transplantation is among best treatments. The principle of hair micro‐grafts during AGA consists in taking hair from the non‐androgen‐dependent occipital area to transplant them with their root in the sparse androgen‐dependent areas. Herein, we report 10 cases of the different types of post‐transplant inflammatory complications.

Materials and Methods

We included patients referred to our center by their dermatologists or hair transplant surgeons for inflammatory cicatricial alopecia or hair loss observed after the hair transplant.

Results

Ten patients (eight men and two women) were included. These patients represented 0.08% of all consultations in our center. The indication for hair transplantation was AGA in all of our patients. The technique used for the transplant was follicular unit extraction (FUE) in seven cases and follicular unit transplantation (FUT) strip in three cases. None of the patients had pathology of the scalp or an inflammatory dermatosis before the operation. The inflammatory complications found were lichen planopilaris (LPP) in seven cases, erosive pustulosis of the scalp (EPS) in two cases, and superficial folliculitis (SF) in 1 case.

Conclusion

Our series highlight the rarity of inflammatory complications that occur after a hair transplant. We demonstrate through this work that a hair transplant can trigger inflammatory pathology a few months after the act. We show also, the importance of detecting the rough forms of lichen before an intervention, hence the interest of the systematic dermatoscopic examination during the preoperative consultation.
Key parameters of non‐ablative fractional laser pretreatments for enhanced topical uptake
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Friedman Paul M. , Johnson Jenny , Konda Adarsh , Keator Linda , Geronemus Roy G.
Published: July 2022

Background

The uptake of topical formulations can be enhanced through laser pretreatments. Newer technologies, such as non‐ablative fractional lasers (NAFLs), can target dermal tissues and spare the stratum corneum (SC), which can mitigate common side effects associated with ablative laser treatment.

Objective

To discuss the parameters of 2 NAFL pretreatment systems (1440‐nm/1927‐nm diode system or 1550‐nm erbium‐doped glass/1927‐nm thulium system), which can be paired with topicals to improve their cutaneous uptake.

Methods and Materials

The parameters of the 1440‐nm/1927‐nm diode system and 1550‐nm erbium‐doped glass/1927‐nm thulium system were reviewed, as well as in vivo experiments using both laser systems.

Results

Multiple parameters should be optimized to enhance the uptake of various topical formulations and minimize side effects, including wavelength, spot size, density, pulse duration, thermal properties, and topical formulation. Chosen therapeutic parameters must account for patient‐specific factors, such as treatment indication, therapeutic area, and Fitzpatrick skin type. In vivo experiments have demonstrated that both laser systems are effective in enhancing the uptake of various topical therapies relative to untreated controls.

Conclusion

Individualization of laser system parameters increases efficiency and minimizes risk.
Impact of school closure due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on body mass index in Japanese children: Retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Nagashima Yuka , Inokuchi Mikako , Yasui Yosuke , Uchida Keiko , Tokumura Mitsuaki , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: July 2022

Aim

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the governments of many countries responded to high levels of infection with lockdowns. As a result, some children were reported to experience weight gain. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of school closures on body mass index (BMI) in Japanese children.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of students enrolled in the participating schools (6‐ to 11‐year‐old elementary school students and 12‐ to 14‐year‐old junior high school students) between 2015 and 2020. Using school health check‐up data, annual changes in the BMI standard deviation score (ΔBMI‐SDS) were calculated. We compared ΔBMI‐SDS in 2019–2020 with the corresponding control years.

Results

19 565 children with complete data were included in the analysis. Median ΔBMI‐SDS in 2019–2020 were 0.24–0.35 in elementary school boys, 0.10–0.13 in junior high school boys, −0.02 to 0.15 in elementary school girls and −0.14 to −0.10 in junior high school girls. In comparison with every control year, ΔBMI‐SDS in 2019–2020 were significantly higher in elementary school boys (control years: −0.07 to 0.14) and junior high school boys (control years: −0.04 to 0.06), and significantly lower in junior high school girls (control years: −0.06 to 0.09).

Conclusion

BMI‐SDS increased significantly in elementary and junior high school boys, but decreased significantly in junior high school girls. The pandemic appears to have had an impact on Japanese children that was different from other countries.
Efficacy of extracts of mango residues loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and their nanocoatings on in vitro and in vivo postharvest fungal
Authors: Istúriz‐Zapata María Alejandra , Correa‐Pacheco Zormy Nacary , Bautista‐Baños Silvia , Acosta‐Rodríguez José Luis , Hernández‐López Mónica , Barrera‐Necha Laura Leticia
Published: July 2022

The antifungal efficacy of ethanolic extracts of peels and seeds of mango (cvs. Ataulfo, Manila, Kent and Creole) at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% w/v were assessed. Nanostructured coatings based on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), chitosan‐peel extracts nanoparticles (CPNP) and chitosan‐seed extracts nanoparticles (CSNP) were evaluated in the four mango cultivars. The volatile composition of the extract was measured by GC/ME. For the nanoparticles (NP), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of CNP, CPNP and CSNP, and the in vitro and in situ effects of the nanocoatings on various postharvest phytopathogens were also tested. Of the 42 volatile found, 11 exhibited antimicrobial activity. Among these, α‐pinene was present in all cvs and Creole. The average NP sizes were 5 ± 2.76 nm for CNP, 4.123 ± 1.23 nm for CPNP and 3.11 ± 1.06 nm for CSNP with Zeta potentials of −1.94 mV, −2.26 mV and − 4.53 mV respectively. The peel extracts were more efficient at reducing mycelial growth. The most sensitive fungi were Colletotrichum asianum and Talaromyces variabilis. The CPNP completely inhibited the in vitro growth of C. asianum, Fusarium solani, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum oculatum, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae and T. variabilis. The lowest disease incidence was 20% for the cv. Manila with the nanocoating of CSNP, while in cv Kent, an infection reduction of 50% was achieved with the nanocoating of CPNP. Lower disease severity was with both nanocoatings in cv. Kent. The use of Nanocoatings from mango residues could be an excellent option as a natural antifungal agent.
From believers to skeptics: Latent class analysis of COVID‐19 protective practices and perceptions among agricultural community members
Authors: Rudolphi Josie M. , Cuthbertson Courtney , Kaur Amandeep , Sarol Jesus N.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This cross‐sectional study aimed to identify homogenous groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on their perceptions of effectiveness and use of COVID‐19 protective behaviors.

Methods

We conducted an online survey of agricultural producers and stakeholders through Qualtrics. Participants responded to 7 statements about COVID‐19 protective behavior effectiveness and 7 statements about participation in COVID‐19 protective behaviors in the previous 2 weeks. These statements included handwashing, disinfecting, refraining from touching one's face, covering one's face when coughing/sneezing, staying at home, social distancing, and wearing a face mask. Additional survey sections included demographics and health history. We performed separate latent class analysis (LCA) to identify clusters of agricultural producers’ and stakeholders’ perceptions and participation in COVID‐19‐related protective behaviors based on their pattern of responses.

Findings

Based on LCA, participants were distributed as universal believers (33%), social believers (16%), personal believers (26%), moderate believers (17%), and social skeptics (85%) of effectiveness and as low (15%), moderate (40%), and high (45%) adherents of COVID‐19 protective behaviors. Those who were female, older, or had underlying health conditions were more likely to be universal believers and highly adherent. High adherence was also more likely among those who lived in urban areas or were not self‐employed.

Conclusions

Results suggest that groups of agricultural producers and stakeholders based on perception of effectiveness and participation in COVID‐19 protective behaviors are associated with demographic and health characteristics. Public health campaigns that increase or maintain motivation to comply with protective behaviors should be developed and implemented specific for agricultural populations.
Effect of adaptive servo ventilation on central sleep apnea and sleep structure in systolic heart failure patients: polysomnography data from the SERVE‐HF major sub study
Authors: Tamisier Renaud , Pepin Jean‐Louis , Cowie Martin R. , Wegscheider Karl , Vettorazzi Eik , Suling Anna , Angermann Christiane , d'Ortho Marie‐Pia , Erdmann Erland , Simonds Anita K. , Somers Virend K. , Teschler Helmut , Lévy Patrick , Woehrle Holger
Published: July 2022

This SERVE‐HF (Treatment of Predominant Central Sleep Apnea by Adaptive Servo Ventilation in Patients With Heart Failure) sub study analysis evaluated polysomnography (PSG) data in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and predominant central sleep apnea (CSA) randomised to guideline‐based medical therapy, with or without adaptive servo ventilation (ASV). Patients underwent full overnight PSG at baseline and at 12 months. All PSG recordings were analysed by a core laboratory. Only data for patients with baseline and 3‐ or 12‐month values were included. The sub study included 312 patients; the number with available PSG data differed for each variable (94–103 in the control group, 77–99 in the ASV group). After 12 months, baseline‐adjusted respiratory measures were significantly better in the ASV group versus control. Although some between‐group differences in sleep measures were seen at 12 months (e.g., better sleep efficiency in the ASV group), these were unlikely to be clinically significant. The number of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) increased in the ASV group (p = 0.039). At 12 months, the respiratory arousal index was significantly lower in the ASV versus control group (p < 0.001), whilst the PLMS‐related arousal index was significantly higher in the ASV group (p = 0.04 versus control). ASV attenuated the respiratory variables characterising sleep apnea in patients with HFrEF and predominant CSA in SERVE‐HF. Sleep quality improvements during ASV therapy were small and unlikely to be clinically significant. The increase in PLMS and PLMS‐related arousals during ASV warrants further investigation, particularly relating to their potential association with increased cardiovascular risk.
Flexible bivariate INGARCH process with a broad range of contemporaneous correlation
Authors: Piancastelli Luiza S. C. , Barreto‐Souza Wagner , Ombao Hernando
Published: July 2022

We propose a novel flexible bivariate conditional Poisson (BCP) INteger‐valued Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (INGARCH) model for correlated count time series data. Our proposed BCP‐INGARCH model is mathematically tractable and has as the main advantage over existing bivariate INGARCH models its ability to capture a broad range (both negative and positive) of contemporaneous cross‐correlation, which is a non‐trivial advancement. Properties of stationarity and ergodicity for the BCP‐INGARCH process are developed. Estimation of the parameters is performed through conditional maximum likelihood (CML), and the finite‐sample behavior of the estimators is investigated through simulation studies. Asymptotic properties of the CML estimators are derived. Hypothesis testing methods for the presence of contemporaneous correlation between the time series are presented and evaluated. A Granger causality test is also addressed. We apply our methodology to monthly counts of hepatitis cases in two nearby Brazilian cities, which are highly cross‐correlated. The data analysis demonstrates the importance of considering a bivariate model allowing for a wide range of contemporaneous correlation in real‐life applications.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of danofloxacin in swan geese (Anser cygnoides) following intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administrations
Authors: Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Tekeli Ibrahim Ozan , Turk Erdinc , Kirgiz Fatma Ceren , Uney Kamil
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of danofloxacin in swan geese (Anser cygnoides) after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 10 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy swan geese were used. The study was performed in four periods according to a crossover design with a 15 days washout period between two administrations. The plasma concentrations of danofloxacin were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatograph‐ultraviolet detection, and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non‐compartmental analysis. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), total clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state were 6.03 h, 0.34 L/h/kg, and 2.71 L/h/kg, respectively. After IM, SC, and PO administration, t1/2ʎz was longer than that after IV administration. The Cmax of danofloxacin following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 3.65, 2.76, and 1.98 μg/mL at 0.63, 1, and 2 h, respectively. The bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 87.99, 72.77, and 57.68%, respectively. This information may help in the use of danofloxacin in geese, yet the determination of optimal dosage regimen and pharmacodynamic studies are needed.
Analysis of the humoral and cellular response after the thirdCOVID‐19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Hartl Johannes , Rüther Darius Ferenc , Duengelhoef Paul Maria , Brehm Thomas Theo , Steinmann Silja , Weltzsch Jan Philipp , Glaser Fabian , Sterneck Martina , Sebode Marcial , Weiler‐Normann Christina , Lütgehetmann Marc , Schaub Golda Melina , Haag Friedrich , Schramm Christoph , Wiesch Julian Schulze zur , Lohse Ansgar Wilhelm
Published: July 2022

Background & aims

To explore the humoral and T‐cell response to the third COVID‐19 vaccination in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).

Methods

Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers were prospectively determined in 81 AIH patients and 53 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls >7 days (median 35) after the first COVID‐19 booster vaccination. The spike‐specific T‐cell response was assessed using an activation‐induced marker assay (AIM) in a subset of patients.

Results

Median antibody levels were significantly lower in AIH compared to controls (10 908 vs. 25 000 AU/ml, p < .001), especially in AIH patients treated with MMF (N = 14, 4542 AU/ml, p = .004) or steroids (N = 27, 7326 AU/ml, p = .020). Also, 48% of AIH patients had antibody titers below the 10% percentile of the healthy controls (9194 AU/ml, p < .001). AIH patients had a high risk of failing to develop a spike‐specific T‐cell response (15/34 (44%) vs. 2/16 (12%), p = .05) and showed overall lower frequencies of spike‐specific CD4 + T cells (median: 0.074% vs 0.283; p = .01) after the booster vaccination compared to healthy individuals. In 34/81 patients, antibody titers before and after booster vaccination were available. In this subgroup, all patients but especially those without detectable/low antibodies titers (<100 AU/ml) after the second vaccination (N = 11/34) showed a strong, 148‐fold increase.

Conclusion

A third COVID‐19 vaccination efficiently boosts antibody levels and T‐cell responses in AIH patients and even seroconversion in patients with the absent immune response after two vaccinations, but to a lower level compared to controls. Therefore, we suggest routinely assessing antibody levels in AIH patients and offering additional booster vaccinations to those with suboptimal responses.
A longitudinal study to explore unmet care needs, social support, and hope of women with gynecological cancer
Authors: Tsao Ying , Kuo Hui‐Chen , Chen Zon‐Jen , Liou Wen‐Shiung , Creedy Debra Kay
Published: July 2022

The experience of a life‐threatening illness, such as cancer, can have an array of health impacts and social and psychological well‐being can be compromised. This study compared differences in unmet care needs, social support, and hope of Taiwanese women with either newly diagnosed (n = 72) or recurring (n = 39) gynecological cancer at baseline (T0) and three follow‐up surveys every 2 months (T1; T2; T3). Sociodemographic questions and three standardized self‐administered questionnaires were used. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used to analyze data. Women with recurrent cancer reported higher levels of care needs and lower levels of hope than those with a primary diagnosis. Significant positive correlations between social support and hope scores were observed for women with recurring cancer at T1 and T2. However, these women reported less hope at T3 compared to those with a primary diagnosis. Routine assessment of women's care needs related to their medical condition and provision of different kinds of support can aim to improve well‐being and their hope for the future.
Significance of chlorine‐dioxide‐based oral rinses in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry
Authors: Travis Briana Joy , Elste James , Gao Feng , Joo Bo Young , Cuevas‐Nunez Maria , Kohlmeir Ellen , Tiwari Vaibhav , Mitchell John C.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This work aims to determine the efficacy of preprocedural oral rinsing with chlorine dioxide solutions to minimize the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) transmission during high‐risk dental procedures.

Methods

The antiviral activity of chlorine‐dioxide‐based oral rinse (OR) solutions was tested by pre‐incubating with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pseudovirus in a dosage‐dependent manner before transducing to human embryonic kidney epithelial (HEK293T‐ACE2) cells, which stably expresses ACE‐2 receptor. Viral entry was determined by measuring luciferase activity using a luminescence microplate reader. In the cell‐to‐cell fusion assay, effector Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cells co‐expressing spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2 and T7 RNA polymerase were pre‐incubated with the ORs before co‐culturing with the target CHO‐K1 cells co‐expressing human ACE2 receptor and luciferase gene. The luciferase signal was quantified 24 h after mixing the cells. Surface expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein and ACE‐2 receptor was confirmed using direct fluorescent imaging and quantitative cell‐ELISA. Finally, dosage‐dependent cytotoxic effects of ORs were evaluated at two different time points.

Results

A dosage‐dependent antiviral effect of the ORs was observed against SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry and spike glycoprotein mediated cell‐to‐cell fusion. This demonstrates that ORs can be useful as a preprocedural step to reduce viral infectivity.

Conclusions

Chlorine‐dioxide‐based ORs have a potential benefit for reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and spread.
Inducibility of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and ectopic atrial tachycardia in children under general anesthesia
Authors: Kast Brigitte , Balmer Christian , Gass Matthias , Berger Florian , Constance Rippel
Published: July 2022

Background

In children, invasive electrophysiological studies (EPS) and radiofrequency catheter ablations (RFA) of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) are often performed under general anesthesia. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) must be inducible during EPS as reliable diagnosis and subsequent therapy are not possible in sinus rhythm. This study aims to assess the problem of noninducible AVNRT and EAT under general anesthesia.

Methods and results

Anesthesia protocols of 166 patients undergoing EPS were retrospectively analyzed. 122 AVNRT patients were compared to 22 whose tachycardia was not inducible but probably due to an AVNRT mechanism. Another 16 patients with inducible EAT were compared to 6 whose EAT appeared on surface ECG but not during EPS. Demographic characteristics were similar among all groups. Inducibility did not differ (p = .42) between AVNRT patients with inhalational anesthesia (sevoflurane and/or nitrous oxide) and patients with intravenous anesthesia (propofol with/without remifentanil). The EAT group exhibited lower inducibility under intravenous anesthesia (64%) than under inhalational (88%), however without significance (p = .35).

Conclusion

Tachycardia induction succeeds with similar frequency under both inhalational and intravenous general anesthesia in children with AVNRT. In children with EAT, inhalational anesthesia is associated with a trend towards better inducibility.
Why is the patient still symptomatic after myectomy for HCM!
Authors: Goel Ramil , Thompson Iain , Miles William M.
Published: July 2022

We describe the case of a young female patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and complete heart block from a prior septal ablation procedure. Due to persistent left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and symptoms, she underwent surgical myectomy. Her exertional symptoms continued despite improved LVOT flow parameters. A comprehensive evaluation, including ICD interrogation, helped arrive at the correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
Diversity dynamics of microfossils from the Cretaceous to the Neogene show mixed responses to events
Authors: Jamson Katie M. , Moon Benjamin C. , Fraass Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Microfossils have a ubiquitous and well‐studied fossil record with temporally and spatially fluctuating diversity, but how this arises and how major events affect speciation and extinction is uncertain. We present one of the first applications of PyRate to a micropalaeontological global occurrence dataset, reconstructing diversification rates within a Bayesian framework from the Mesozoic to the Neogene in four microfossil groups: planktic foraminiferans, calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians and diatoms. Calcareous and siliceous groups demonstrate opposed but inconsistent responses in diversification. Radiolarian origination increases from c. 104 Ma, maintaining high rates into the Cenozoic. Calcareous microfossil diversification rates significantly declines across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, while rates in siliceous microfossil groups remain stable until the Paleocene–Eocene transition. Diversification rates in the Cenozoic are largely stable in calcareous groups, whereas the Palaeogene is a turbulent time for diatoms. Diversification fluctuations are driven by climate change and fluctuations in sea surface temperatures, leading to different responses in the groups generating calcareous or siliceous microfossils. Extinctions are apparently induced by changes in anoxia, acidification and stratification; speciation tends to be associated with upwelling, productivity and ocean circulation. These results invite further micropalaeontological quantitative analysis and study of the effects of major transitions in the fossil record. Despite extensive occurrence data, regional diversification events were not recovered; neither were some global events. These unexpected results show the need to consider multiple spatiotemporal levels of diversity and diversification analyses and imply that occurrence datasets of different clades may be more appropriate for testing some hypotheses than others.
Skeletal and soft tissue completeness of the acanthodian fossil record
Authors: Schnetz Lisa , Butler Richard J. , Coates Michael I. , Sansom Ivan J.
Published: July 2022

Acanthodians are a poorly understood paraphyletic grade of extinct Palaeozoic fishes. They play an increasingly prominent role in our understanding of vertebrate evolution as part of the chondrichthyan stem‐group even though their evolutionary history is scarce. The limited preservation of their mostly cartilaginous skeleton largely results in a bias towards isolated remains such as fin spines and scales. Here, we quantify the quality of the acanthodian fossil record by using a variation of the Skeletal Completeness Metric (SCM), an approach that calculates how complete the skeletons of individuals are compared to their theoretical complete skeleton. A novel Soft Tissue Completeness Metric (STCM) is introduced to estimate the percentage of soft body tissue preserved as an alternate measurement of completeness. Completeness scores for >1600 specimens comprising >300 taxa obtained from museum collection visits and literature surveys were assembled into a database. Acanthodian completeness peaks in the Lower–Middle Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and earliest Permian. There is no correlation between acanthodian taxonomic richness and completeness. Acanthodians show a significantly lower completeness distribution than many tetrapod groups, but a similarly low distribution to bats. Skeletons deposited in freshwater are significantly more complete than in marine environments where sea level significantly negatively correlates with observed completeness. Our assessment reveals only weak spatial biases influencing the acanthodian fossil record while environmental biases are much higher. This quantified evaluation of acanthodians provides a foundation for further assessments of the likely influence of character absences from morphological datasets on estimates of early chondrichthyan and, therefore, early gnathostome evolution.
Ventricular assist device support following pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Krauss Annemarie , Pidborochynski Tara , Buchholz Holger , Urschel Simon , Al‐Akalabi Mohammed , Freed Darren H. , Anand Vijay , Holinkski Paula , Bates Angela , Conway Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Background

VAD support for early graft failure after HTx is a rare event in pediatrics.

Methods

We retrospectively describe our single‐center experience with post‐HTx VAD support in a cohort of patients transplanted between 01/05 and 12/20.

Results

Nine patients underwent VAD insertion in the early post‐HTx period [median age 6.1 years (Range 0.3–20.3), median weight 17.6 kg (Range 3.5–65.0), and congenital heart disease (67%)]. Of the nine patients with early graft failure, almost half (44%) were implanted after 2015 and all of these patients had a pre‐HTx plan for possible post‐transplant VAD insertion. Time to VAD implant was a median of 0 day (Range 0–11). Total time on VAD support was a median of 12 days (Range 3.0–478.0). Two‐thirds (n = 6; 67%) of the patients were weaned from support, retransplanted (11%) and two patients died (22%). In all of the patients where post‐HTx VAD was anticipated there was 100% survival.

Conclusions

In this small patient series, post‐HTx VAD was a useful measure in selected patients especially with pre‐HTx planning. However, more shared experiences to verify these findings are needed.
The Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Disinfectant Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Causes Chlorination Stress Enhancing Solar UV‐Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in AP‐1 Transgenic SKH‐1 Luciferase Reporter Mouse Skin†
Authors: Snell Jeremy A. , Vaishampayan Prajakta , Dickinson Sally E. , Jandova Jana , Wondrak Georg T.
Published: July 2022

Freshwater sanitation and disinfection using a variety of chemical entities as chlorination agents is an essential public health intervention ensuring water safety for populations at a global scale. Recently, we have published our observation that the small molecule oxidant, innate immune factor and chlorination agent HOCl antagonize inflammation and photocarcinogenesis in murine skin exposed topically to environmentally relevant concentrations of HOCl. Chlorinated isocyanuric acid derivatives (including the chloramines trichloroisocyanuric acid [TCIC] and dichloroisocyanuric acid [DCIC]) are used worldwide as alternate chlorination agents serving as HOCl precursor and stabilizer compounds ensuring sustained release in aqueous environments including public water systems, recreational pools and residential hot tubs. Here, for the first time, we have examined the cutaneous TCIC‐induced transcriptional stress response (in both an organotypic epidermal model and in AP‐1 luciferase reporter SKH‐1 mouse skin), also examining molecular consequences of subsequent treatment with solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cutaneous delivery of TCIC significantly enhances UV‐induced inflammation (as profiled at the gene expression level), suggesting a heretofore unrecognized potential to exacerbate UV‐induced functional and structural cutaneous changes. These observations deserve further molecular investigations in the context of TCIC‐based freshwater disinfection with health implications for populations worldwide.
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Skin Cancer and Photoprotective Strategies in South Africa†
Authors: Wright Caradee Yael , Norval Mary
Published: July 2022

The most recent data relating to the incidence of, and mortality from, the three commonest forms of skin cancer, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cutaneous melanoma (CM), in the Black African, Colored, Asian/Indian and White population groups in South Africa are reviewed. While exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is the major environmental risk factor for BCC in all four groups, for SSC in the White and Asian/Indian groups and for CM in the White group, this is unlikely to be the case for most SCCs in the Black African group and for most CMs in the Black African and Asian/Indian groups. Strategies for practical personal photoprotection in South Africa are discussed with particular emphasis on people at heightened risk of skin cancer including the White population group, those with HIV or oculocutaneous albinism and outdoor workers.
A new highly effective hybrid fungicide containing difenoconazole and tea tree oil for managing scab of apple, pecan and almond trees and as a tool in resistance management
Authors: Reuveni Moshe , Gur Lior , Henriquez José Luis , Frank James , Tedford Eric , Cloud Gary , Adaskaveg James E.
Published: July 2022

Management of scab diseases of apple, pecan and almond is mostly based on fungicide applications according to host phenological stage and wetness events. Resistance to widely used locally systemic fungicides including the methyl benzimidazoles, demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) and quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) has been reported. We evaluated the activity of a new premixed hybrid fungicide containing the DMI difenoconazole and essential tea tree oil (TTO) against mycelial growth of Venturia inaequalis in vitro and against scab of apple, pecan and almond in field trials. Mycelial growth of 24 isolates of V. inaequalis collected from commercial apple orchards varied in their sensitivity to difenoconazole (EC50 values of 0.0002–1.29 mg/L). Difenoconazole–TTO was significantly more inhibitory to some of the isolates than difenoconazole alone, primarily to those that were less sensitive to difenoconazole. Protective foliar applications of difenoconazole–TTO in field trials were highly effective in controlling scab of apple and generally provided significantly higher disease control than difenoconazole alone. On apple and almond, difenoconazole–TTO treatments were similarly or more effective than applications with other synthetic fungicides belonging to the DMI, QoI and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) groups, or their mixtures. Difenoconazole–TTO completely prevented scab on pecan trees. Results suggest that difenoconazole–TTO can be integrated into scab control programmes for these crops and be used as a strategic approach in fungicide resistance management in orchards.
Diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose on Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: He Jiao , Li De‐Wei , Zhu Ya‐Nan , Si Yuan‐Zhi , Huang Jin‐Hua , Zhu Li‐Hua , Ye Jian‐Ren , Huang Lin
Published: July 2022

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a fast‐growing tree species with high economic value. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species poses a serious threat to Chinese fir production. To investigate the Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on Chinese fir, a survey was conducted from 2016 to 2020 in China. A total of 52 Colletotrichum isolates was collected from six different provinces: Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong and Zhejiang. These isolates were identified using morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses with the concatenated sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS‐1), actin (ACT), β‐tubulin (TUB2), calmodulin (CAL) and the intergenic region between Apn2 and Mat1‐2‐1 (ApMat). Colletotrichum cangyuanense, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii and C. siamense were revealed to be associated with anthracnose on Chinese fir. Pathogenicity tests showed that there were significant differences in the pathogenicity of these Colletotrichum species on the host plants. To our knowledge, this study reports the pathogen diversity of anthracnose on Chinese fir for the first time.