bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathological differences between HER2 low and other cancer subtypes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Mattar André , Amorim Andressa Gonçalves , Antonini Marcelo , Diógenes Marina , Gebrim Luis Henrique
Published: January 2024

Objective: HER2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor belonging to the human epidermal receptor family and is considered an important proto-oncogene in the biology of breast carcinoma. HER2 overexpression is determined by a +3 score on the immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. In addition, tumors with IHC results of +1 or +2 with ISH negative were defined as HER2-low. Recent studies have shown the clinicopathological characteristics of HER2-low tumors, pointing out potential differences regarding hormone receptor status. The objective was to assess clinicopathological differences between cancer subtypes, as well as the survival of these patients. Methodology: A total of 8,872 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 included in the Pérola Byington Hospital database were eligible. Patients were excluded if they had bilateral disease, had participated in clinical studies, or had incomplete data. The primary endpoint was overall survival stratified by cancer subtype, and the secondary endpoints were clinicopathological differences between cancer subtypes and death probability. Both the t-test and the chi-square test were used to analyze the association of each variable between the groups. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the death outcome. Cox regression was used for survival analysis, with the log-rank method, and the results were presented in a survival graph using the Kaplan-Meier method. The R software version 4.1.1 was used to perform all analyses, with a p<0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 8,872 patients were included: 3,865 (43.65%) had luminal cancer subtype, 1,840 (20.74%) had HER2 low, 1,610 (18.156%) had triple-negative, and 1,557 (17.55%) had HER2 overexpression. In the multivariate regression (adjusted for the other evaluated characteristics), Her2 low had a median of 101 months of survival compared with 96 months for triple-negative. When comparing HER2 low with hormonal receptor positive versus negative, we saw better survival in hormonal receptor positive (90 vs. 101 p<0.001). These data did not differ among stages. As an additional finding, Ki67 is prognostic for survival and so is pCR. Conclusion: This study in breast cancer patients demonstrates significant differences between cancer subtypes, with a higher probability of progression to death for patients with triple-negative cancer. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of these differences between cancer subtypes on response to therapy.
The use of epigenetics in the treatment of triplenegative breast cancer, focusing on IncRNA
Authors: Andrade Gustavo Moreira , Silva Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro , Figueiredo Amanda Hasan , Monteiro Ana Luiza Gomes , Moraes Leonardo Chaves de Oliveira , Quirino Giovanna Silva
Published: January 2024

Objective: In triple-negative breast cancer (CMTN), the standard therapeutic procedure is usually not very effective due to the aggressiveness of the disease. Therefore, it is important to identify and characterize new forms of treatment for this neoplasm. In this context, the study of the genetic material of diseases has gained notoriety among alternative forms of therapy, as long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) have been identified in neoplastic cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of epigenetics in the treatment of CMTN, with emphasis on lncRNAs. Methodology: A systematic review of the specialized scientific literature was carried out, in the PubMed database, with the descriptors: “breast cancer,” “epigenetic,” and “treatment”; the Boolean operator: “AND”; and the filters: “free full text,” “adults: 19+ years,” and publication date from 2021 to 2023. A total of 32 articles were identified, with 3 included Results: Epigenetics influences the treatment of breast cancer; as the lncRNA was found in neoplastic cells, it was possible to monitor the prognosis of the disease. The lncRNA Uc003xsl.1 was associated with a poor prognosis, as it was related to advanced stages of CMTN, increasing the transcriptional activity of NFkB, which promotes tumor progression. On the contrary, the lncRNA LINC00472 proved to be a marker of good prognosis, as it inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of neoplastic cells in the CMTN. Furthermore, with regard to breast cancer, lncRNA IGF-2AS proved to be an important biomarker, as it slows tumor growth in vivo, repressing malignancy and tumor progression. Therefore, IncRNAs have gained notoriety in treatment as regulators of breast cancer tumorigenesis. Conclusion: Thus, the use of epigenetics in the treatment of CMTN has proven to be essential to curbing neoplastic cells, as it interferes with tumor proliferation in different ways, either by influencing transcription or by slowing down growth.
Screening for ocular tamoxifen toxicity versus neurological metastasis in breast cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Laíse Alves , Resende Geovana Sousa , Santos Daiane Rosa Dantas , Aranha Carlos Eduardo Nunes , Camargo João Victor Monteiro de , Galli Alexandre Pelícolla , Lindemann Carolina Melato
Published: January 2024

Objective: A systematic review was carried out comparing the clinic and management of tamoxifen (TAM) retinopathy and neurological metastasis after breast cancer. Methodology: In this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We searched for relevant papers published in electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, SciElo, and ScienceDirect, from 2004 to 2023. We used the keywords “tamoxifen” AND “retina” AND “breast cancer” AND “neural metastasis” and similar operative words in Portuguese and Spanish. The work was done according to PRISMA guidelines, on March 2023. After the eligibility criteria, we included 16 papers. Results: TAM has application in breast cancer due to its effects on the upregulation of transforming growth factor B and downregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1, preventing tumor growth and appearance of metastasis. Moreover, TAM binds to estrogen receptors present in breast and neural retina tissue. While the risk of metastases, including neurological tumors, implies a powerful reason to prescribe TAM, we must keep pharmacovigilance on ocular toxicity, which starts with retinopathy, progressing to corneal changes and neuritis — all with symptoms that mimic neoplastic and paraneoplastic symptoms on nervous tissue. Even though the retinopathy is associated with high doses of TAM, the ocular toxicity is not derisory, resulting in visual impairment symptoms, dry eye, and paracentral corneal opacities — all these being reversible upon discontinuation of the medicine, unlike neoplastic disease. Conclusion: Although the use of a low dose of TAM performs safely for the majority of people, there is a myriad of ophthalmic events that can cause anxiety in routine appointments, both for the health team and for the patient. With that in mind, we must advocate for greater attention to early screening of symptoms and cost–benefit evaluation of dose maintenance to minimize side effects and promote a better quality of life.
Serum hemoglobin and relation to the staging of patients with breast cancer before the start of radical radiotherapy
Authors: Ferraz Lara Cristina , Gomes Ana Carolina da Silva França , Mendes Juliana Teixeira , Moreira Angela Cristina Marinho , Penna Antonio Belmiro Rodrigues Campbell , Nogueira Carla , Martins Júnior Reynaldo Real , Franca Carlos Antonio da Silva
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Among cancers, breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in Brazilian women, second only to lung cancer worldwide. Few data are available in the literature portraying the prevalence of lower hemoglobin levels in cancer patients, especially if related to a worse prognosis with a more aggressive disease. Therefore, scientific studies are needed to make the relationship with such a pathology consistent. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess serum hemoglobin levels and whether this is associated with worse staging in patients with breast cancer indicated for radiotherapy treatment. Methodology: This is a prospective, descriptive, and longitudinal study with patients with breast cancer referred for radical radiotherapy, through the evaluation of blood hemoglobin and its initial staging. Results: We evaluated 40 patients with a mean age of 63.7 years (30–81/95%CI 60.4–67/SD±10.3). Mean serum hemoglobin was 12.6 g/dl (9–15.3/95%CI 12.1–13.1/SD±1.4). Four (10%) patients stage Ia, 9 (22.5%) stage Ib, 9 (22.5%) stage IIa, 11 (27.5%) stage IIB, and 7 (17.5%) stage IIIa were observed. A cohort study was conducted on patients, classifying them into group 1 with 13 patients (32.5% — stages Ia and Ib), group 2 with 20 patients (50% — stages IIa and IIb), and group 3 with 7 patients (17.5% — stage IIIa). The mean hemoglobin in group 1 was 13.9 g/dl (95%CI 13.4–14.4/SD±0.9), mean hemoglobin in group 2 was 12.5 g/dl (95%CI 12.3–12.7/SD±0.5), and in group 3, mean hemoglobin was 10.4 g/dl (95%CI 9.3–11.5/ SD±1.2) (p <0.001), demonstrating the existence of a statistically important relationship between worse staging and lower plasma hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: Patients with a worse prognosis may have lower plasma hemoglobin levels, which may demonstrate greater tumor aggressiveness in these patients.
Influence of surgical clip and oncoplasty on breast, heart, and lung volumes irradiated during boost radiotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Watanabe Priscila Dias , Freitas-Júnior Ruffo , Freitas Nilceana Maya Aires
Published: January 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the irradiated volumes of the breast, heart, and lung, considering the presence of the surgical clip and the oncoplasty techniques Methodology: This is a retrospective study of women submitted to boost radiotherapy tumor bed after breast conservative surgery between January 2011 and January 2021. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test (95%CI; p<0.05). It was considered volumes of lung and heart relative to 40% of the prescribed dose in the boost radiation planning (V40 Lung) (V40 Heart) and 100% in the breast and boost volume (V100 Breast) (V100 Boost), which were compared by oncoplastic techniques and surgical clips using the dose-volume histogram in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Results: This study evaluated 183 women. For the entire group, regardless of the oncoplasty, when the patient was clipped, there was a significant difference between the mean boost volumes. In the group of patients without oncoplasty, there was a significant difference between the mean boost volumes: V100 Boost=95.66 cm³ (PD±42) in the presence of 1–2 clips and V100 Boost=90.99 cm³ (PD±34) in the presence of 3 or more clips, when compared with non-clipped: V100 Boost=255.23 cm³ (PD±162) (p<0.001), and the difference in mean breast volumes was also significant, in the presence of 1–2 clips, V100 Breast=233.31 cm³ (PD±122), when compared with non-clipped breast: V100 Breast=368.71 cm³ (PD±232) (p=0.032). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean heart and lung volumes analyzed. Conclusion: The presence of the clip significantly reduced the mean boost volume for the entire group. For those who did not undergo oncoplasty, the presence of the clip made it possible to reduce the mean volume of the breast, when one to two clips were inserted. In those undergoing oncoplasty, the presence of the clip increased the cardiac volume. There was no significant difference in the mean lung volumes.
Is breast-conserving surgery for patients with locally advanced breast cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant therapy associated with a better survival rate?
Authors: Nobrega Gabriela Bezerra , Mota Bruna Salani , Freitas Gabriela Boufelli de , Maesaka Jonathan Yugo , Goncalves Rodrigo , Piato José Roberto , Filassi José Roberto
Published: January 2024

Objective: It is known that breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is oncologically safe for breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). Besides that, recent data imply better overall survival in early breast cancer, but it remains uncertain in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The aim of this study was to compare the superiority of the BCS on LABC after NAT when compared with mastectomy (MS). Methodology: It is a single-center retrospective cohort study on 530 patients with LABC who received NAT and underwent surgery, BCS or MS, between 2010 and 2015. Outcomes: Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local disease-free survival (LDFS). Results: We included 530 patients with a median follow-up of 79 months. From these, 24.6% underwent BCS and 75.4% MS. BCS has a higher pathological complete response rate than MS, 22.3% vs. 10%, p<0.001 respectively. About distant recurrence rates, BCS was 15.4% and MS 36.8% with OR 0.298; 95%CI 0.177–0.504. The local recurrence rates were 9.2% and 9.5% with OR 0.693; 95%CI 0.347–1.383 for BCS and MS, respectively. The 6-year OS rates for BCS and MS were 81.5% and 62%, respectively (p=0.000). In OS multivariate analysis, MS had a worse predictive value (OR 1.678; 95%CI 1.069–2.635; p=0.024) when compared with BCS. Conclusion: We concluded that BCS presents a better OS than mastectomy on LABC after NAT, improving OS by 32%.
Chemotherapy treatment changes muscle activation, but not the perception of effort on women with breast cancer
Authors: Alves Rafael Ribeiro , Garcia Anderson , Noleto Flávia , Marques Vitor Alves , Silva Naiany Pereira , Oliveira Ellen Gomes de , Freitas-Júnior Ruffo , Vieira Carlos Alexandre
Published: January 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of chemotherapy cycles on muscle activation (MA) and rated perceived exertion (RPE) in women with breast cancer. Methodology: A total of 21 women were divided into a treatment group (TG) (47.2±11.3 years old) and a control group (CG) of women without cancer (53.7±6.3 years old). The women in the TG had been diagnosed with breast cancer and were undergoing chemotherapy (anthracyclines®). MA analyses were performed and RPE between the second and third cycles of chemotherapy (baseline) and post-treatment (fourth cycle). The miotec® 200 model electromyograph was used to evaluate the MA, and the root-mean-square values of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles were analyzed during the sit-to-stand test, as well as the RPE at the end of the test (Borg scale). Date is presented as mean and standard deviation. The two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the means between the moments and groups using the post-hoc Bonferroni. The significance level was defined at p<0.05. Results: The TG and CG differed at baseline in the MA of the vastus medialis (188.2±125.3 and 313.6±142.7, respectively; p=0.02) and rectus femoris (138.3±63.1 and 298.5±176.9, respectively; p=0.01). Just like in the post-treatment MA of the vastus medialis (172.7±121.2 and 352.3±198.3, respectively; p=0.01) and rectus femoris (150.5±66.8 and 406.6±282.1, respectively; p=0.00). However, no significant changes were found in the RPE between TG and CG in the baseline (10±2.7 and 11±2.8, respectively; p=0.33) and post-treatment (11.8±3.3 and 11.7±3.1, respectively; p=0.98). Conclusion: Chemotherapy seems to significantly change MA, but not RPE in women with breast cancer when compared with healthy women.
Optimasi Pembuatan Briket Bioarang Dari Bahan Cangkang Kemiri Dan Sekam Padi Terhadap Nilai Kalor Dan Laju Pembakaran
Authors: Alfi Ahmad , Pangga Dwi , Ahzan Sukainil
Published: January 2024

Optimasi Pembuatan Briket Bioarang Dari Bahan Cangkang Kemiri Dan Sekam Padi Terhadap Nilai Kalor Dan Laju Pembakaran Penggunaan bahan bakar saat ini masih bersumber dari bahan bakar fosil yaitu bahan bakar minyak, batu bara dan gas. Briket adalah sumber energi yang berasal dari biomassa yang digunakan sebagai minyak bumi dan energi dari fosil. Briket yang paling umum digunakan adalah briket batu bara, briket arang, briket gambut, dan briket biomassa. Briket dapat dibuat dari bahan baku yang banyak kita temukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, lain batok kelapa, jamplung, eceng gondok, tongkol jagung, kulit kacang tanah, cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi.dan lain sebagainya. Pembuatan briket arang cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi dilakukan dengan proses karbonisasi, Pembuatan briket dengan persentase 90%-0%, 75%15%, 60%-30%, 45%-45%, 30%-60%, 15%-75%, 0%-90% (ACK dan ASP) perekat menggunakan tepung kanji (tepung tapioka) dengan menggunakan 10% perekat. Selanjutnya briket cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi diuji kadar air, densitas, nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran. Hasil pengujian briket cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi menghasilakan kadar air  5,12%, densitan 0,61 m3, nialai kalor tertinggi 5019 (kalor) dan laju pembakaran 0,33 gram/menit. Briket cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi  dapat dijadikan bahan bakar alternatif karena memiliki nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi yaitu 5019 kal. Briket cangkang kemiri dan sekam padi pada dasarnya telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia SNI 01-6235-2000 yaitu nilai kalor minimal 5000 kal/g.

Kata Kunci : Briket, Cangkang Kemiri, Sekam Padi, perekat.
Development of E-Physics Magazine Media with the Assistance of Canva to Increase Students' Interest in Learning Physics: A Feasibility Test
Authors: Haafida Nuuri , Nur Diyana Tsania
Published: January 2024

Learning media is a tool that can assist teachers in conveying information to students so that the material can be conveyed thoroughly. Physics, which is seen as a difficult subject, requires alternative attractive media such as magazines in order to increase interest in reading and learning. The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of E-physics Magazine as an alternative physics learning media. The R&D research method is used with the 4D model which is carried out until the development stage. Feasibility test with 3 indicators was conducted by 1 lecturer and 6 active Physics Education students. The results of the feasibility test obtained are the material indicator getting an average result of 3.43, the media presentation indicator getting an average result of 3.08, and the language indicator getting an average of 3.46. So, it can be stated that E-physics Magazine is feasible to use as an alternative physics learning media.
 
Keywords: E-physics Magazine, Ohm's Law, reading interest, learning interest
Cultivares de tomatillo susceptibles a la marchitez en Sinaloa
Authors: Ayala-Armenta Quintín Armando , Peinado-Fuentes Luis Alberto , Beltrán-Peña Hugo , Tovar-Pedraza Juan Manuel , Valenzuela-Escoboza Fernando Alberto , Ruelas-Islas Jesús del Rosario
Published: January 2024

La marchitez o secadera del tomatillo es una enfermedad causada por hongos con origen en el suelo, entre los que destacan Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina y Rhizoctonia solani, causando pérdidas por la carencia de variedades resistentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta del tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.), híbridos Dalí, Siqueiros y Tamayo, así como los cv. Gabriela, Puebla, San Miguel y Tecozautla, hacia aislados patogénicos de F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina y R. solani. El estudio se realizó bajo condiciones de invernadero, en macetas se colocó arena de río + sustrato de turba (1:3 v/v) esterilizado y después se inoculó, con tres aislados de F. oxysporum 1.6x105 UFC, dos de M. paseolina y tres de R. solani (8 g de semilla de sorgo infestada/maceta, de cada hongo). En cada maceta se depositaron cinco semillas del cultivar de tomatillo correspondiente, luego se taparon con el mismo sustrato e incubaron por 30 días. Se utilizó un diseño completo al azar, con tres repeticiones (macetas). En el tratamiento testigo las semillas se sembraron sobre suelo sin hongo. A los nueve días después de la siembra (dds) se estimó la emergencia de plántulas, 30 dds, la severidad de la infección de por cada uno de los patógenos (escala de 0-5). Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística no paramétrica. Los siete cultivares probados fueron susceptibles a las especies F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina y R. solani, algunos de los aislados probados ejercieron un efecto significativo diferencial de virulencia, en algunas de las variedades estudiadas.
Extraction, chemical characterization and biological evaluation of the essential oil of Campovassouria cruciata (Vell.) R. M. King & H. Rob.
Authors: Rudolf Bruna J. , Rebelo Ricardo A. , Alberton Micheli D. , Paim Milena , Paganelli Camila J. , Cordova Caio M. M. de , Galgowski Caroline , Alexandre Emilie S. , Silva Luiz E. da , Confortin Camila , Gasper André L. de , Begnini Iêda M.
Published: January 2024

The Atlantic Forest, one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world, moving from the Coast to High Fields in the State of Santa Catarina (SC), is an important source of natural products, high-lighting the aromatic plants, which can provide a variety of essential oils. Campovassouria cruciata (Vell.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), is a shrubby plant widely spread in Brazil and in some other South American countries. In the literature, there are few reports on the phytochemistry and biological activity of this species. Therefore, this work aims the chemical characterization of the essential oil from flowers, fresh and dried leaves of C. cruciata and the evaluation of the anti-microbial and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oils obtained. The plant material of C. cru-ciata was collected in the city of Lebon Régis, SC. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistilla-tion in a modified Clevenger apparatus and their analysis performed by infrared, GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. The chemical characterization of the oils identified 20 compounds in the fresh flowers, 33 in the fresh leaves and 23 in the dried leaves of C. cruciata. Most of these compounds were terpene: a-tujene, a-pinene, ß-pinene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, limonene, viridi-florol, and ß-caryophyllene. In the antibacterial assays Mycoplasma pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most susceptible microorganisms towards the essential oils tested, with MIC values ranging from 125-500 µg mL-1. Staphylococcus aureus also showed moderate susceptibility but just for the oil from fresh flowers (MIC of 125 µg mL-1). For acetylcholinesterase inhibiting ac-tivity it was significant for the essential oil from fresh flowers, and this promising effect is related to synergistic action of the various monoterpene components of the EO.
Free radicals and their different effect: A literature based review.
Authors: Rahaman Md. Mizanur , Araújo Ana C. J. , Alves Daniel S. , Silva João M. F. de L. , Islam Muhammad T.
Published: January 2024

Free radicals are reactive molecules with at least one unpaired free electron that are highly unstable. They are generated in the body by natural metabolism as well as external influences such as smoking, pesticides, pollution, and radiation. They react rapidly with DNA, lipids, and protein, which are all important components in our bodies. In this study we trying to summarize about the free radicals and also their different type of effects on body.
DELIBERAÇÃO DE DESINFORMAÇÃO SOBRE SAUDE PÚBLICA NO BRASIL
Authors:   , becegato lucas message
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho procura demonstrar a importância de se entender e combater a deliberação de desinformação sobre saúde pública no Brasil, ensinando primeiramente acerca do direito de acesso à informação, e logo em seguida sobre a saúde pública do Brasil, e relacionando os dos assuntos com as grande mídias sócias que são geridas pelas Big techs, que passam a gerar uma cultura de solucionismo em seus usuários, criando-se uma dependência de seus consumidores que acabam por sua vez, pela sua liberdade de expressão espalhando as Fake News em um meio de comunicação de gigante alcance, a qual gera prejuízos ao Estado e a todos que não procuram realizar um ponderamento da informação encontrada nas redes sociais, apresentando assim meios que possam ser utilizados para combater essa desinformação deliberada pelos meios de comunicação nas redes sociais.
Rasgos epistemológicos del trabajo de Claude Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Gauna Quintero Pedro José
Published: January 2024

El paradigma del pensamiento estructuralista ha sido objeto de discusión desde el siglo XX, logrando permanecer, entre otros paradigmas, dada su capacidad de explicar los fenómenos tanto de las ciencias humanas como de las ciencias sociales. Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009) es uno de los mayores exponentes de la antropología y, de hecho, algunos autores lo consideran su padre. Asimismo, también es necesario reconocer que ha sido punto de desencuentros y críticas, dadas las limitaciones que tiene a la hora de explicar la realidad, especialmente por su tendencia a lo ahistórico; de cualquier manera, cuenta con rasgos epistemológicos que le dan un carácter único. Este breve ensayo busca presentar algunos de estos rasgos, así como ordenar algunos de sus principales aportes.
A comprehensive review of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles: Trends, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Sedat Sonko  , Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh  , Kenneth Ifeanyi Ibekwe  , Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya  , Cosmas Dominic Daudu
Published: January 2024

The integration of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles represents a transformative paradigm shift in the automotive industry, offering unprecedented opportunities for enhanced safety, efficiency, and user experience. This comprehensive review explores the current landscape of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles, delving into emerging trends, persistent challenges, and future directions that shape the trajectory of this rapidly evolving field. The review begins by examining the foundational concepts of embedded systems in the context of autonomous vehicles, elucidating the intricate interplay between hardware and software components. It surveys the state-of-the-art technologies that empower these systems, including advanced sensors, actuators, and communication protocols, highlighting their pivotal roles in perception, decision-making, and control aspects of autonomous driving. One of the prominent trends discussed in this review is the increasing reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms within embedded systems. The incorporation of these intelligent algorithms enables vehicles to adapt and learn from real-world scenarios, enhancing their ability to navigate diverse and dynamic environments. Additionally, the review sheds light on the growing emphasis on connectivity and edge computing, illustrating how embedded systems leverage these technologies to facilitate seamless communication between vehicles and their surrounding infrastructure. Despite the promising advancements, the review critically examines the persistent challenges that impede the widespread adoption of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles. Issues such as safety concerns, cybersecurity threats, and regulatory frameworks are analyzed, providing insights into the complex ecosystem in which these technologies operate. In addressing the future directions of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles, the review envisions a trajectory marked by continuous innovation and collaboration across industries. It anticipates the evolution of embedded systems towards more robust, adaptive, and fault-tolerant architectures, paving the way for increased autonomy and widespread deployment of autonomous vehicles. This comprehensive review provides a holistic understanding of embedded systems in autonomous vehicles, encapsulating current trends, challenges, and future directions. As the automotive landscape undergoes a paradigm shift, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the dynamic terrain of autonomous vehicle technology.
Elaphomyces anthracinus and E. septatus, two new hypogeous ascomycete records for Greek mycota
Authors: Kaounas Vasıleıos
Published: January 2024

Elaphomyces anthracinus Vittad. and E. septatus Vittad., two seemingly rare hypogeous ascomycete, are reported for the first time in Greece. This paper provides the descriptions of the recorded collections, accompanied by images of their macroscopical and microscopical features.
History of Vyborg branch of Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library, 1940–1941, 1944–1945
Authors:   federal state budget institution «National Library of Russia», Matveeva Irina G.
Published: January 2024

The article reveals the history of one of the branches of Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library located in Vyborg.
Art in Russia and China intercultural communication
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Timofeeva Valeriya B.
Published: January 2024

The art in the modern world is a translator of the national culture and a fi eld of intercultural communication. Due to international contemporary art unique works, absorbed the identity of each culture are born. The way of Chinese contemporary art and interaction with Russian culture are discussed.
Culture, subculture, counterculture: defi nition and demarcation of concepts
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Ershova Yuliya Y.
Published: January 2024

The concepts of culture, subculture and counterculture are analyzed and compared. The approaches of Russian and foreign researchers to interpret data definitions are presented. The modern view of the concepts and shows their versatility is proposed as concept. The issue of interaction and transformation of cultures is raised.
Evaluation of Local Supplementary Feeding Program in Toddler Nutrition Recovery House (Pelita) in Kedung Banteng District, Tegal Regency
Authors: Aini Mahmudah Khurotul , Margawati Ani , Margawati Ani , Winarni Sri , Winarni Sri
Published: January 2024

One approach taken to reduce the prevalence of stunting is by providing additional recovery food to malnourished toddlers. The Rumah Pelita supplementary food program has been running in Kedung Banteng District since 2020. In the implementation of the Rumah Pelita Program, there are still existing cases of stunting and the nutritional status of targets and there has never been an evaluation of the Rumah Pelita program. The aim of the research is to determine the evaluation of the supplementary feeding program made from local food in Kedungbanteng District, Tegal Regency in terms of input, process and output aspects. This research method is qualitative research which is descriptive and evaluative in nature. The research period is January-March 2023. The research was conducted in 5 villages in the Kedungbanteng Community Health Center area. The main informants were 1 nutrition officer and 5 village midwives, and triangulation informants were 5 Rumah Pelita cadres and 5 mothers of toddlers. Data collection used in-depth interviews, while the source triangulation method was used to validate the data. Research data analysis is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the number of cadres is still insufficient, and there are still villages that have not budgeted for equipment rental and transportation for cadres, there are deficiencies in reporting and recording and there are still toddlers who experience stunting. There needs to be integration of central and regional government policies regarding handling stunting in toddlers, so that there is a division of the budget for handling stunting. and it is recommended that health workers provide health education about stunting prevention and routinely monitor the development of toddlers.

 

Keyword: Stunting, Policy, Nutrition, Provision of supplementary food, Toddler
ECONOMIC USEFUL AND BIOLOGICAL SIGNS IN PUREBRED AND CROSS-BRED COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED UNDER THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES AND TYPES OF FEEDING
Authors: Verbuch I. V. , Medvid O. V.
Published: January 2024

The results of studies of economically useful and biological traits in purebred (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed) and cross-breed (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed x Swiss) cows are given, taking into account the effect of high temperatures and types of feeding. At the same time, it was established that purebred cows exceeded crossbred cows in terms of milk yield, but were inferior to the latter in terms of milk quality (fat content, protein content). In general, the advantage in milk fat and protein yield in favor of crossbred cows, in the section of three lactations, was from 3.0 to 9.5 kg and from 2.6 to 6.4 kg, respectively.

Along with this, the dependence of heat resistance of cows on their genotype was established. Cross-breed cows were characterized by better adaptation properties to the effects of hot weather conditions, as they had more balanced indicators of heat resistance.

Analysis of indicators of milk productivity of cows with different types of feeding showed that the use of the same type of feeding provides an increase in milk yield per 533 kg of milk, fat content by 0.14% and protein by 0.01% compared to traditional feeding technology.
CHARACTERISTICS THE OFFSPRING OF SIRES BY LONGEVITY TRAITS OF THE HERD FOR BREEDING UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED
Authors: Kompanets I. O.
Published: January 2024

Based on studies of the offspring of sires in a herd for breeding the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed (UBWD), a significant influence of their heredity on the variability of longevity traits has been established. According to the duration of productive use, the variability between extreme options was 1061 days, and in terms of the number of lactations used during life, it was ‑ 2.7, with high reliability for both traits (P < 0.001). The variability of longevity traits did not depend on the origin of the sires, among whom there are purebred Holsteins and bulls of domestic selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of different genotypes and lines. It was found that the quantity of days of productive use and the number of used lactations during the life of cows of different origins are positively correlated with indicators of productive longevity ‑ lifetime milk yield and milk fat, and milk yield per day of productive use. Variability in lifetime milk yield varied widely, from 14934 (daughters of the sire Katka 5218, Metta line, UBWD), to 33031 kg (daughters of the sire Marcellus 136057831, line P. F. A. Chief, Holstein breed), with a high reliable difference between them, which amounted to 18097 kg (P < 0.001). The milk fat content of the daughters of the assessed sires also differed in significant, at a reliable level, variability within the range of 3.72–3.85% with a difference between the extreme options of 0.13% (P < 0.001). Similar variability in sire offspring, regardless of origin, was observed in lifetime milk fat yield, with variation ranging from 570.5–1197.9 kg, with the highest indicator in daughters of Holstein bull Caprice 401393 and the lowest in daughters of domestic sire Katka 5218.
INFLUENCE OF CALVING SEASON OF COWS ON THEIR PRODUCTIVITY UNDER ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK PRODUCTION
Authors: Kochuk-Yashchenko O. А. , Kucher D. М. , Savchuk I. M. , Leonets S. О. , Hladyshchuk I. V. , Marynenko D. Yu.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the research was to study the impact of the first calving season of Simmental cows on their future milk productivity and reproductive capacity in conditions of both organic and conventional milk production.

Research materials and methods. The research was conducted in Simmental breed herds of PE "Galex-Agro" (organic milk production, n = 272) and STOV "Myroslavel-Agro" (conventional milk production, n = 120) in the Zviahel district of Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. First-calving cows in the two farms were categorized into four groups based on the calving season: Group I – Winter (n = 83 and 42 cows in PE "Galex-Agro" and STOV "Myroslavel-Agro" respectively); Group II – Spring (59 and 26);Group III (45 and 12); Group IV (85 and 40 cows).

Research results. First-calving cows in organic production demonstrated a higher expression of quantitative traits of milk productivity, regardless of the calving season, compared to their counterparts in conventional conditions, albeit with slightly lower qualitative traits. However, statistically significant differences were found only in 305-day milk yield between autumn-calving cows in favor of first-calving cows from PE "Galex-Agro."

It is worth noting that, in both farms, the first calving in the autumn season was found to be the most favorable, while the summer season was the least favorable, which provides grounds for planning calving in the autumn period. Our research results indicate that animals under organic management, regardless of the calving season, exhibited statistically significantly (P < 0.01–0.001) older age at first calving and longer calving intervals. No statistically significant intergroup differences were found in other reproductive traits.

The season of first calving in both organic and conventional milk production conditions accounted for 0.3 to 4.7% and 0.2 to 3.3% of the total phenotypic variability in milk productivity traits, as well as 1.0 to 2.9% and 0.6 to 2.5% of the reproductive capacity. Statistically significant effects of the calving season were only observed in PE "Galex-Agro" and exclusively on productivity traits, including lactation duration (3.2%), 305-day milk yield (4.3%), milk fat content (4.7%), milk protein content (4.3%), milk fat, and protein content (4.7%), as well as the duration of dry period (2.9%) (P < 0.05–0.001).

Conclusion. Our research results highlight the importance for specialists in both farms to pay attention to the seasonality of first calving in cows and, if possible, take these aspects into account when planning breeding and technological measures in the farms.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROWTH OF HEIFFS OF DIFFERENT LINES OF THE BUKOVINY FACTORY TYPE OF THE UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED
Authors: Liubynskyi O. I.
Published: January 2024

The study was carried out in the herd of the Myrne breeding farm of the Chernivtsi region on animals of the Bukovyna factory type of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed. It was established that heifers of the Bukovin factory type of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed were characterized by good indicators of live weight. In newborn animals, this indicator was 31.9 kg, by the age of 6 months it increased by 5.4 times or by 134.5 kg, by the age of 12 months – by 9.7 times or by 266.9 kg and by 18 – one month old – 13 times or by 369.8 kg. The average age of the first insemination in the herd was 15.5 months, and the live weight of animals at this age was 365.2 kg. The coefficients of variation of live weight, depending on age, were in the range of 8.9–17.1%. This indicator was the lowest in 18-month-old animals. The variability of the multiplicity of increase in live weight was within 18.4–21.3%. It should be noted that the highest coefficients of variation of the multiplicity of live weight increase (21.3%) were observed in 12-month-old heifers. The highest average daily gains were observed in heifers from 3 to 6 months of age and amounted to 825 g, with a variability of 26.8%. Later, with increasing age of the animals, this indicator decreased and in the age period from 15 to 18 months it was 550 g with a variability of the sign of 56.2%. In general, from birth to 18 months of age, the average daily weight gain of heifers was 684.1 g. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the live weight of heifers of different lines showed that the heifers of the Starbuck line were better in terms of live weight at birth (34.0 kg) compared to their peers other lines During the 18-month growing period, repair heifers of the Starbuck line were significantly better compared to peers of other lines. At the final stage of cultivation, with an average live weight of 417 kg, they exceeded their peers by 8–64 kg. The average daily gain of live weight in the period from birth to 18 months of age was the highest in heifers of the Starbuck line at an average of 710 g, while in their peers of other lines it was lower by 21–112 g. With the creation of proper growing conditions, heifers are capable of high growth intensity and high milk productivity in the following stages of the technological production cycle of obtaining high-quality products.
FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND POLLEN AND WAX PRODUCTIVITY OF BEES OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS OF THE CARPATHIAN SUBSPECIES
Authors: Stetsyshyn M. S. , Fedorovych V. V.
Published: January 2024

The research was conducted on bees of different intra-line crosses of the Carpathian subspecies in private apiaries in Navariya village, Lviv region. To conduct experimental studies, 6 groups of 10 bee colonies were formed in each group: I – control group – bees of the Carpathian population of the Vuchkovsky type; II – inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915"; III – breeding cross ♀ microline "Sto" x ♂ microline "915"; IV – breeding cross ♀ type "Vuchkovsky" x ♂ microline "915"; V – breeding cross ♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline "915"; VI – breeding cross ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915".

It was found that bees of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian subspecies differed significantly in flight and pollen collection activity and wax productivity. In terms of flight activity, the bees of the inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915" significantly differed during observation at 9:00. 12:00 and 15:00 hours. In the morning and at 15:00 hours, the best pollen-collecting activity was characterised by bees of the breeding cross ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915" group. In the afternoon, the bees of the inbred group ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915" collected the most pollen – 312.9, which is 84.1 pieces more than in the control group. In the evening, the best flight activity (392.2 arrivals) and collection of pollen (126.8 pcs.) were observed in insects of the breeding cross ♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline "915". The highest wax yield was characterised by bees of the breeding crosses ♀ microline "07" x ♂ microline "915" and ♀ microline "915" x ♂ microline "915". The strength of the influence of genealogical formation on the flight activity of bees during the day ranged from probable to unreliable values and was in the range of 13.9–28.7%, and on wax productivity in all cases it was reliable P < 0.05, P < 0.001 and ranged, depending on the trait, from 19.2 to 31.3%.
THE CORRELATIVE VARIABILITY OF THE FINAL SCORE BY LINEAR CLASSIFICATION AND LIFETIME PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS AMONG BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS
Authors: Khmelnychyi L. M. , Karpenko B. M.
Published: January 2024

A study on the correlative variability of the final score by linear classification and lifetime productivity indicators of Black-and-White Dairy cows of different breeds was conducted in the herd of the private enterprise "Burynske" in the Podlisniv branch of the Stepaniv territorial community. Foreign studies on the cows evaluation of different breeds by conformation type using the linear classification method were analyzed, which proved that the lifetime productivity indicators of animals depend on many genotypic and paratypic factors. In this direction, the existence of significant moderate and close positive correlations between the majority of linear traits and functional life of cows in the herd was established. It has also been proven that the final score level of cows by type is closely correlated with descriptive traits that significantly affect lifetime productivity indicators. According to the results of our own research, it was found that degree of the final score of first-born cows for the conformation type directly determines the variability level of indicators to the duration of use and lifetime productivity within both experimental breeds. Cows of the Holstein and Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds with a rating of "very good" exceeded animals with ratings of "good plus" and "good" by indicators of duration productive use and milk productivity throughout life. Holstein cows rated "very good" were better than animals rated "good plus" and "good" in terms of lifetime milk yield and milk fat yield, respectively by 4589 and 21653 kg, and 191 and 918 kg. The final score, in the presence of a correlation with lifetime productivity indicators, can serve as a predictor of longevity, which will allow effective selection of first-born dairy cows based on the results of a linear evaluation in the first months of lactation.
GENOTYPING OF CATTLE BY ALLELIC VARIANTS A1 AND A2 OF THE BETA-CASEIN GENE: EMPLOYING DIFFERENT METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES (AS-PCR AND ACRS-PCR)
Authors: Kulibaba R. O. , Sakhatskyi M. I. , Liashenko Yu. V.
Published: January 2024

This article addresses the comparative analysis of the efficiency of cattle genotyping based on allelic variants A1 and A2 of the beta-casein gene, employing different methodological approaches. The primary methods employed include AS-PCR (AS-PCR 244 bp and AS-PCR 854 bp) and ACRS-PCR (ACRS-PCR DdeI and ACRS-PCR TaqI). Bioinformatics and laboratory diagnostics methods were used for a comparative analysis of genotyping efficiency. The study results unveiled the advantages and disadvantages of each methodological approach employed, it identified the specificity and accuracy of flanking the experimental fragment of the bovine beta-casein gene and underscored the necessity to optimize typing algorithms based on prevailing conditions when utilizing model objects. Based on the results of the research, an effective general typing algorithm was developed using the AS-PCR and ACRS-PCR methods. The allele-specific PCR method is proposed as the primary approach for routine genotyping of cattle, with ACRS-PCR suggested as a tool to verify results in cases of ambiguous findings and for blind typing of samples, among other applications.
More Tools, More Control: Lessons from Young Users on Handling Unwanted Messages Online
Authors: Luria Michal , Scott Carol F.
Published: January 2024

According to reports, about 95% of U.S. teens have access to smartphones and use the internet daily, which for most includes social media and messaging platforms. This ubiquity has raised much concern about its contribution to a teen mental health crisis among parents, educators, and legislators. Research paints a more complex picture of the impacts of social media and messaging, finding both benefits and risks to young people. As a result, it is difficult to determine the most effective protective measures for online services and legislators to take, even as the pressure to act grows. Working directly with 32 U.S. teenagers (ages 14-17, n=18) and young adults (ages 18-21, n=14) who use direct messaging regularly, we conducted a month-long, mixed-methods study. We aimed to understand young people’s experiences when interacting through digital messages and to identify key opportunities to increase their sense of safety, agency, and control.
What comparing deep neural networks can teach us about human vision
Authors: Seeliger Katja , Hebart Martin N
Published: January 2024

Recent work has demonstrated impressive parallels between human visual representations and those found in deep neural networks. A new study by Wang et al. (2023) highlights what factors may determine this similarity. (commentary)