bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China’s Economic Impact on Oceania
Authors: Enderwick Peter
Published: September 2020

China has a strong and growing presence in the Oceania region which supplies a range of key resources, particularly minerals and foodstuffs. The region has historically attracted Chinese migrants. While Oceania benefits from trade, investment, and migration links with China there is concern over the establishment of Chinese organised crime groups in the Pacific Islands many of which suffer poor governance, corruption, and instability. There is also recent evidence of China’s political engagement in the region with regard to Taiwan and the Belt and Road Initiative.
Terrorism Studies in International Business: Increasing Knowledge, Reducing Victimization
Authors: Suder Gabriele , Czinkota Michael
Published: September 2020

This article proposes that terrorism studies have become an integral part of the international business (IB) literature, despite the difficulties inherent in studying the phenomenon. The article makes the point that, hopefully, terrorism itself will suffer from enhanced exposure and knowledge, which, over time may lead to containment in the future.
Networks of Influence: Implementing Politically Sustainable Multinational Stakeholder Strategies
Authors: Nartey Lite J.
Published: September 2020

This article provides an overview of the author’s doctoral dissertation, which explores the firm’s ability to manage the nonmarket environment, specifically, the political, social and economic actors who have a stake in their operations. Using the tools of network theory and insights from the entrepreneurship, social psychology, and civic or political participation literatures, the author presents a stakeholder influence strategy for firms to navigate nonmarket uncertainty by engendering cooperative relations, increasing tie formation and minimizing conflict with their stakeholders. The dissertation explores this network-based influence strategy within an industry characterized by significant nonmarket uncertainty—the global gold mining industry.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on the 2013 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial introduces an issue dedicated to the 2013 AIB Dissertation Award. The issue includes “From the Richard N. Farmer to the Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award” by Alan Rugman; “Networks of Influence: Implementing Politically Sustainable Multinational Stakeholder Strategies” by Lite J. Nartey; “Internationalization and Performance of Emerging Market Firms: Institutional Embeddedness in Advanced Economies” by Hamid Akbari; “Three Essays on Foreign Entrepreneurs” by Elena Kulchina; “British Multinationals in South East Asia: Strategy, Subsidiaries and Performance” Quyen T.K. Nguyen; and “Essays on International Non-market Strategy and the Political Economy of Environmental Regulation” by Sanjay Patnaik.
Three Essays on Foreign Entrepreneurs
Authors: Kulchina Elena
Published: September 2020

This article provides a summative overview of the author’s doctoral dissertation, which comprises three papers exploring different aspects of foreign entrepreneurship. The first paper asks whether foreign entrepreneurial firms perform better with a foreign owner-manager or a hired domestic manager. The second paper investigates how foreign entrepreneurs’ personal relocation preferences may affect their decisions to manage their own firms and draws out implications for venture performance. The final paper explores how media coverage of a city affects location choices of foreign firms and how this effect varies for investors with little private information, such as foreign entrepreneurs.
British Multinationals in South East Asia: Strategy, Subsidiaries and Performance
Authors: Nguyen Quyen T.K.
Published: September 2020

This thesis builds upon internalization theory in the international business literature and the pecking order theory in the finance literature to examine the relationship between subsidiary-specific advantages (SSAs), strategies and performance. Specifically, it theorizes that internal financing and subsidiary-level financial management capability are conceptually just as valuable as other traditional competitive advantages in R&D, marketing and managerial skills. It uses a survey dataset with the South East Asian subsidiaries of British multinational enterprises to empirically test a set of hypotheses. The empirical findings lead to advance on the theoretical concept of SSAs and show that SSAs enhance the subsidiary performance.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on International Business in the Middle East North Africa
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial article introduces the special issue of AIB Insights focused on international business in the Middle East and North Africa. The issue includes an introductory commentary for the issue by Melodena Stephens Balakrishnan; “Personal Experiences of Oppression of Women Stereotypes in the Middle East: Both East and West are Guilty” by Dina M. Abdelzaher and Amanda Bullough; “Replicating and Extending Cross-National Value Studies: Rewards and Pitfalls – An Example from Middle East Studies” by Geert Hofstede; and “Building Political Risk Management Skills in the Middle East” by Tim J. Rogmans.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on Defining A Domain for International Business Study
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial article introduces the AIB Insights special issue focusing on Defining A Domain for International Business Study. The issue includes “The Domain of International Business and the AIB” by Simon Collinson, Yves Doz, Tatiana Kostova, Peter Liesch, and Kendall Roth; “What Is, and to What Purpose Do We Study, International Business?” by Klaus E. Meyer; “Commercial Diplomacy and International Business: Inseparable Twins?” by Huub J.M. Ruël, Donna Lee, and Robin Visser; and “Reprise of: “Rethinking our Roles” Address to the Academy of International Business 2012 Annual Meeting – Opening Plenary” by Ray Offenheiser.
Reprise of: “Rethinking our Roles” Address to the Academy of International Business 2012 Annual Meeting – Opening Plenary
Authors: Offenheiser Ray
Published: September 2020

This is a reprise of the plenary address at the AIB 2012 conference in Washington D.C., “Rethinking our Roles”, by Ray Offenheiser, President of Oxfam America, and winner of the Academy of International Business President’s Award. It talks about the forces and factors behind changing relationships among businesses, governments, and NGOs in the global economy and how we can work together to make the most of them.
The Role of AIB and IB in a De-Globalizing World
Authors: Kaspar Martin
Published: September 2020

Reflecting on two key themes of AIB’s 2017 annual conference in Dubai, this article discusses whether we are, in fact, experiencing a rapidly de-globalizing world and whether we, as a field of IB, are losing relevance. It asks the two questions of “So what does this mean for our field? And why should times of trouble—where globalization might or might not be under threat—be a second breath of life for IB?“ and encourages us to contemplate the true raison d’être of our field of IB, and ourselves as IB scholars.
Academic Services in Islamic Education Management Study Program
Authors: Rifuddin Burhan , Ilham Dodi , K Nurdin
Published: September 2020

This research aims to develop the MPI study program 's academic information to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education services by web-based information systems by updating the State Civil Establishment (ASN) values, using the approach of Participatory Action Research (PAR). The solution to the issue of web-based academic services in IAIN Palopo 's Islamic Education Management Study Programme, namely 1) conducting consultations related to web design of the Islamic Education Management Study Programme; 2) registering the web sub - domain and collecting materials that will be the content of the Islamic Education Management Study Program web.; 3) Installing web-based machines in registered sub-domains and creating a web-based framework for the Islamic Education Management Study Program; 4) designing a web-based display of the Islamic Education Management Study Program; 5) making menus and filling each menu with types of services, information, and activities related to the Islamic Education Management Study Program; 6) Implementation of web management training for prospective web administrators of Islamic Education Management Study Program; 7) Automation of web services published in the Islamic Education Management Study Program.
Improving EFL Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills Through Collaborative Strategic Reading in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Arik , Retnaningdyah Pratiwi , Ayu Ade Nila Puspita , Trisusana Anis
Published: September 2020

The study aims to investigate whether collaborative strategic reading (CSR) strategies can improve higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of students. It is an experimental design using pre-test and post-test as an instrument. Research data was obtained by giving a reading test in one of the public vocational high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. These test data were analyzed using independent sample T-test and paired sample T-test in SPSS. Results showed that Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) could improve higher-order thinking skills for students. Based on data analysis results, t count was found to be larger than t table. Moreover, the result of the paired-sample t-test also indicated a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of experimental students. Sig. Sig. (2-tailed) equals.000. To sum up, the strategy benefits students in enhancing higher-order thinking skills for students.
Understanding the Learning Models Design for Indonesian Teacher
Authors: Irvy Ira Irviana
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to provide an understanding of how a teacher designs a learning model. Many writings discuss learning models, but they cannot be applied in a learning process. This paper is expected to provide experience for teachers in planning and developing learning through development models. Planning is essential because it is a managerial process in determining what to do and how to do it, and in it, the goals that will be achieved and work programs are developed to achieve goals. Therefore, learning planning is a decision-making process as a result of reasoning about specific learning goals and objectives, namely changes in behavior and a series of activities that must be carried out to achieve these goals by utilizing all existing potential and learning resources. In integrating a study, one can see the types of material that have a relationship with one another, for example, learning characters and morals, which, if studied, will lead to one point, namely a good personality. More generally, if the integration of fields of study, such as the field of religious education and character, which is integrated with the field of civic education, there are moral and character values. The material in learning to integrated several types of development models can be selected, including ASSURE, ADDIE, Jerold E. Kamp, et al., Dick & Carey, and Gerlach & Ely.
El seguimiento y acompañamiento del docente en formación. “una mirada al trabajo transversal”.
Authors: Gamas Ocaña María Guadalupe
Published: September 2020

Se presenta un avance de los resultados de la práctica profesional de los docentes en formación, que ha tenido por objetivo brindarles seguimiento y acompañamiento permanente, propiciando la reflexión del quehacer para aproximarse a la autonomía en la toma de decisiones de sus prácticas. Por el momento, sólo se presentan resultados de los indicadores relacionados con el trabajo transversal. La metodología es de enfoque cualitativo empleándose fundamentalmente la técnica de observación en tiempos y situación real del trabajo pedagógico, requiriendo como instrumento una guía de observación. 

Palabras clave

Actitudinal. Disciplinar. Interdisciplinar. Metadisciplinar. Transversalidad.

Abstract

It presents an advance of the results of the professional practice of the teachers in training, which has had as objective to provide them follow-up and permanent accompaniment, propitiating the reflection of the work to approach the autonomy in the decision making of their practices. At the moment, only results of indicators related to transversal work are presented. The methodology is of qualitative focus, basically employing the observation technique in times and real situation of the pedagogical work, requiring as an instrument an observation guide.

Keywords

Attitudinal. Discipline. Interdisciplinary. Metadisciplinary. Transversality
DEPARTAMENTALIZAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS NA ATIVIDADE HOTELEIRA: APURAÇÃO DO CUSTO DA DIÁRIA SOB A ÓTICA DO CUSTEIO POR ABSORÇÃO
Authors: Silva Cleiton Rodrigo Buarque , Silva Valdemir Da , Guedes Kleber Luis Alves , Costa Carlos Everaldo , Cavalcante Paulo Sérgio
Published: September 2020

O objetivo geral deste estudo é apurar, mediante a utilização da departamentalização, os custos da diária de um hotel 4 estrelas, sob a ótica do custeio por absorção. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, por meio do método estudo de caso, em um hotel localizado no litoral da cidade de Maceió. Com base nos dados físicos e financeiros, extraídos dos relatórios de controle administrativo e contábil do hotel, referente ao ano de 2018. Ainda, foi utilizado o esquema de alocações dos gastos via departamentalização que foram apurados os gastos dos departamentos administrativos e de produção (apoio e operacionais). Feitas as transferências dos gastos dos departamentos de apoio aos operacionais e desses às fontes de receita. Com isso foram identificados, entre as fontes de receita, os custos totais com hospedagem no valor de R$ 5.675.182,00, e, com base nos 75,37% da taxa média de ocupação anual, o número médio de diárias vendidas (55.845) pelo hotel durante o ano. Portanto, o resultado da pesquisa revelou o custo médio da diária do hotel no valor de R$ 101,62.
Rekonstruksi Nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam Undang-Undang
Authors: Dahoklory Madaskolay Viktoris , Wardhani Lita Tyesta Addy Listya
Published: September 2020

Pancasila is the source of all sources of State law, by placing Pancasila as a source of state law, Pancasila has a function as a guiding star in the formation of national legal products. The purpose of the Writing is to analyze and understand the transformation of the values of Pancasila in the context of the renewal of national legal products and the mechanism of testing and harmonization of laws with the values of Pancasila. The research method used is juridical-normative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that several national legal products do not reflect Pancasila values, such as the water resources law, this was proven when the Constitutional Court issued its decision, which in essence the Constitutional Court stated that the law contrary to the values of Pancasila as implemented in the constitution. Therefore, the Government needs to increase its role in managing and harmonizing regulations as an effort to renew national legal products that are responsive in character.
Teoría y práctica: una cuestión de didáctica
Authors: Duque Díaz Liliana María , Bedoya Osorio Leonardo Antonio , Motato Torres Diana Milena
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo surge de la reflexión de tres docentes de la Corporación Educativa para el Desarrollo Integral (Coredi), cada uno en sedes distintas y con roles diferentes en el interior de la Organización. El tema se centra en la didáctica, siendo el mayor interés, esas relaciones entre teoría y práctica en la modalidad presencialidad concentrada del Tecnológico Coredi, institución que ofrece formación tecnológica presencial para habitantes del entorno rural. La reflexión integra conceptos de estudiosos de este tema, aportes de asesoría mientras fuimos maestrantes, fragmentos de una conferencia realizada en una de las sedes de la mencionada Organización al igual que la formación y las experiencias de los autores. Buscamos poner en interrelación elementos que algunas veces parecen excluyentes, pero en nuestras experiencias son complementarios, como es el caso de la teoría y la práctica o de la reflexión y las técnicas didácticas en los encuentros de los docentes con los estudiantes. Dejamos al final una reflexión que no es un cierre sino la oportunidad para continuar este tema de análisis.
Pedagogías críticas y educación rural: apuestas por la reconfiguración de la ciudadanía en niñas y niños campesinos
Authors: Manco Rueda Sergio Andrés , López García Yuli
Published: September 2020

Este artículo de investigación muestra las rutas y senderos pedagógicos que desde una perspectiva de pedagogía crítica se incorporaron a la práctica educativa de una escuela rural en Colombia para reconfigurar las ciudadanías de las niñas y niños campesinos que cursan los grados transición, primero y segundo. La investigación es cualitativa con un método de sistematización de experiencia dialéctica; las técnicas utilizadas: observación participante, revisión documental, técnicas interactivas; los instrumentos: diario pedagógico, ficha de lectura, foto lenguaje y colcha de retazos. El análisis se realizó desde una dinámica inductiva por medio de una matriz de triangulación de la información. Se discute y se deja planteado a modo de cierre, que los espacios y tiempos educativos en la escuela rural al ser pensados y recreados pedagógicamente por medio del diálogo, la confianza, el amor y la cooperación, ayudan a desplegar en las niñas y niños campesinos, habilidades constitutivas de la ciudadanía como son el acoger al otro, convivir con él desde la diferencia, ejercer el derecho a la palabra, a la escucha, a la construcción colaborativa y la comprensión de la realidad.
Philosophy and Wisdom
Authors: Jonkers Peter
Published: September 2020

Against the dominant trends of the scientification and naturalization of philosophy and the concurrent reduction of traditions of practical wisdom to private opinions, this article pleads for a revaluation of philosophy’s original relation with wisdom. It does so by shedding a philosophical light on several related aspects of wisdom through three different lenses. The first one, taken from Aristotle, explores the relation between theoretical and practical wisdom, leading to the conclusion that practical wisdom has to confront general moral principles with particular situations. The second lens, taken from Kant, argues that wisdom offers existential orientation, which requires the combination of an external and an internal moral principle. Yet, the external principle cannot be determined univocally because it is not empirically given. This lack of univocity raises the question of the fate of wisdom in our times, marked by a plurality of existential points of orientation. With the help of a third lens, stemming from Ricoeur, it will be argued that universal moral rules should be amendable to enrichment by ‘potential universals’ embedded in foreign cultures, thus creating a situation of reflexive equilibrium between theoretical and practical wisdom.
Wisdom in Chinese Confucian Philosophy
Authors: Cummings Neville Robert
Published: September 2020

This article introduces the Chinese conception of wisdom by a focus mainly on the famous discussion in Mencius. It emphasizes that everything is a change, that changes toward wisdom are natural (or in the case of Xunzi, humane), and that people are always changing toward or away from what is wise. In contrast to much Western thought, wisdom is a response to external things, not to an internal marker. Moreover, it is nearly always a commentary on conjoint actions as in a game, or ritual. The essay continues some strands of Chinese thinking about wisdom through Xunzi and up to Zhu Xi. My position as a Westerner is commented on at the end.
Micorrizas y fertilización: efecto en la producción de Pinus engelmannii Carr. en vivero
Authors: Salcido-Ruiz Silvia , Prieto-Ruíz José A. , García-Rodríguez José L. , Santana-Aispuro Enrique , Chavez-Simental Jorge A.
Published: September 2020

Introducción: En el vivero, la fertilización de liberación controlada y la inoculación con hongos micorrícicos favorecen la calidad del material vegetal reproducido en contenedores.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de dos inoculantes micorrícicos comerciales y un fertilizante de liberación controlada sobre el desarrollo de Pinus engelmannii Carr. en vivero.Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron dos inoculantes comerciales (hongos nativos de México [1 mL·planta-1 con 1.05 x 107 esporas·mL-1] y exóticos [1.5 mL·planta-1 con 6.5 x 106 esporas·mL-1]), dos dosis de un fertilizante de liberación controlada (11-28-11 de NPK [3 y 6 g·L-1]) y un testigo; en total, se tuvieron nueve tratamientos. Las variables analizadas fueron: supervivencia, altura del tallo, diámetro al cuello de la raíz, biomasa húmeda y seca, relación biomasa seca de la parte aérea/biomasa seca de la parte radical, índice de lignificación, índice de calidad de Dickson y colonización micorrícica.Resultados y discusión: La supervivencia (80 a 96 %) fue similar entre tratamientos. A los ocho meses de la siembra, las plantas mostraron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) en las variables morfológicas; los tratamientos combinados dieron mejores resultados. Las plantas con inoculante comercial de hongos nativos (1 mL·planta-1 [Amanita rubescens Pers., Amanita sp., Lactarius indigo [Schwein] Fr., Ramaria sp. y Boletus sp.]) y fertilización de 3 g·L-1 tuvieron mayor índice de calidad de Dickson. Se observó que a mayor dosis de fertilización existió menor porcentaje de colonización micorrícica.Conclusión: La combinación de inoculante ectomicorrícico de hongos nativos y fertilización en dosis baja demostró que ambos componentes son complementarios en el desarrollo de planta de P. engelmannii.
Hojarasca de árboles de bosque tropical seco dispersos en pastizales
Authors: Avendaño-Yáñez Ma. de la Luz , Quiroz-Martínez Salome , Pérez-Elizalde Sergio , López-Ortiz Silvia
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Los árboles dispersos del bosque tropical seco (BTS) depositan una cantidad significativa de hojarasca en los pastizales.Objetivo: Estimar la producción de hojarasca de árboles dispersos de Lysiloma acapulcense (Kunth) Benth. y Vachellia pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger en pastizales, durante la estación seca.Materiales y métodos: Se recolectó la hojarasca de 10 árboles dispersos de cada especie en un pastizal de 10 ha, durante el periodo de senescencia de las hojas (noviembre a mayo). La cantidad de hojarasca se evaluó y se separó en componentes para determinar el contenido de nitrógeno (N) y lignina (L), y la proporción L/N. La caída de hojas se analizó con un modelo logístico doble. Las medias de las variables se compararon entre especies mediante una prueba t de Student.Resultados y discusión: La cantidad de hojarasca y los contenidos de N y L no difirieron entre especies (P > 0.05), mientras que la proporción L/N fue mayor en L. acapulcense (32.1) que en V. pennatula (21.3). La fase de defoliación de L. acapulcense es más larga que la de V. pennatula.Conclusión: Es importante conocer la cantidad y la calidad de la hojarasca que los árboles dispersos aportan en los pastizales para ayudar a la adopción de sistemas agroforestales, que incluyan especies nativas del BTS.
Laboratory studies of fresh and aged biomass burning aerosol emitted from east African biomass fuels – Part 2: Chemical properties and characterization
Authors: Smith Damon M. , Cui Tianqu , Fiddler Marc N. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Surratt Jason D. , Bililign Solomon
Published: September 2020

Abstract. There are many fuels used for domestic purposes in east Africa, producing a significant atmospheric burden of the resulting aerosols, which includes biomass burning particles. However, the aerosol physicochemical properties are poorly understood. Here, the combustion of eucalyptus, acacia, and olive fuels was performed at 500 and 800 ∘C in a tube furnace, followed by immediate filter collection for fresh samples or introduction into a photochemical chamber to simulate atmospheric photochemical aging under the influence of anthropogenic emissions. The aerosol generated in the latter experiment was collected onto filters after 12 h of photochemical aging. 500 and 800 ∘C were selected to simulate smoldering and flaming combustion, respectively, and to cover a range of combustion conditions. Methanol extracts from Teflon filters were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to both a diode array detector and an electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/DAD-ESI-HR-QTOFMS) to determine the light absorption properties of biomass burning organic aerosol constituents chemically characterized at the molecular level. Few chemical or UV–visible (UV: ultraviolet) differences were apparent between samples for the fuels when combusted at 800 ∘C. Differences in single-scattering albedo (SSA) between fresh samples at this temperature were attributed to compounds not captured in this analysis, with eucalyptol being one suspected missing component. For fresh combustion at 500 ∘C, many species were present; lignin pyrolysis and distillation products are more prevalent in eucalyptus, while pyrolysis products of cellulose and at least one nitro-aromatic species were more prevalent in acacia. SSA trends are
consistent with this, particularly if the absorption of those chromophores
extends to the 500–570 nm region. Upon aging, both show that resorcinol
or catechol was removed to the highest degree, and both aerosol types were
dominated by loss of pyrolysis and distillation products, though they differed in the specific compounds being consumed by the photochemical aging process.
Characterising water vapour concentration dependence of commercial cavity ring-down spectrometers for continuous onsite atmospheric water vapour isotope measurements in the tropics
Authors: Komiya Shujiro , Kondo Fumiyoshi , Moossen Heiko , Seifert Thomas , Schultz Uwe , Geilmann Heike , Walter David , Lavric Jost V.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The recent development and improvement of commercial laser-based spectrometers have expanded in situ continuous observations of water vapour (H2O) stable isotope ratios (e.g., δ18O, δ2H, etc.) in a variety of sites worldwide. However, we still lack continuous observations in the Amazon, a region that significantly influences atmospheric and hydrological cycles on local to global scales. In order to achieve accurate on-site observations, commercial water isotope analysers require regular in situ calibration, including H2O concentration dependence ([H2O]-dependence) of isotopic accuracy. Past studies have assessed [H2O]-dependence for air with H2O concentrations up to 35,000 ppm, a value that is frequently surpassed in tropical rainforest settings like the central Amazon where we plan continuous observations. Here we investigated the performance of two commercial analysers (L1102i and L2130i models, Picarro, Inc., USA) for measuring δ18O and δ2H in atmospheric moisture at four different H2O levels from 21,500 to 41,000 ppm. These H2O levels were created by a custom-built calibration unit designed for regular in situ calibration. Measurements on the newer analyser model (L2130i) had better precision for δ18O and δ2H and demonstrated less influence of H2O concentration on the measurement accuracy at each moisture level compared to the older L1102i. Based on our findings, we identified the most appropriate calibration strategy for [H2O]-dependence, adapted to our calibration system. The best strategy required using two pairs of a two-point calibration with four different H2O concentration levels. The smallest uncertainties in calibrating [H2O]-dependence of isotopic accuracy of the two analysers were achieved using a linear-surface fitting method and a 28 h calibration interval, except for the δ18O accuracy of the L1102i analyser for which the cubic fitting method gave best results. The uncertainties in [H2O]-dependence calibration did not show any significant difference using calibration intervals from 28 h up to 196 h; this suggested that one [H2O]-dependence calibration per week for the L2130i and L1102i analysers is sufficient.
Warming increases soil respiration in a carbon-rich soil without changing microbial respiratory potential
Authors: Nyberg Marion , Hovenden Mark J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Increases in global temperatures due to climate change threaten to
tip the balance between carbon (C) fluxes, liberating large amounts of C
from soils. Evidence of warming-induced increases in CO2 efflux from
soils has led to suggestions that this response of soil respiration
(RS) will trigger a positive land C–climate feedback cycle, ultimately
warming the Earth further. Currently, there is little consensus about the
mechanisms driving the warming-induced RS response, and there are
relatively few studies from ecosystems with large soil C stores. Here, we
investigate the impacts of experimental warming on RS in the C-rich
soils of a Tasmanian grassy sedgeland and whether alterations of plant
community composition or differences in microbial respiratory potential
could contribute to any effects. In situ, warming increased RS on average by
28 %, and this effect was consistent over time and across plant community
composition treatments. In contrast, warming had no impact on microbial
respiration in incubation experiments. Plant community composition
manipulations did not influence RS or the RS response to warming.
Processes driving the RS response in this experiment were, therefore,
not due to plant community effects and are more likely due to increases in
below-ground autotrophic respiration and the supply of labile substrate
through rhizodeposition and root exudates. CO2 efflux from this
high-C soil increased by more than a quarter in response to warming,
suggesting inputs need to increase by at least this amount if soil C stocks
are to be maintained. These results indicate the need for comprehensive
investigations of both C inputs and losses from C-rich soils if efforts to
model net ecosystem C exchange of these crucial, C-dense systems are to be
successful.
Novel estimation of aerosol processes with particle size distribution
measurements: a case study with TOMAS algorithm
Authors: McGuffin Dana L. , Huang Yuanlong , Flagan Richard C. , Petäjä Tuukka , Ydstie B. Erik , Adams Peter J.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol microphysical processes are a significant source of uncertainty in predicting climate change. Specifically, aerosol nucleation, emissions, and growth rates, which are simulated in chemical transport models to predict the particle size distribution, are not understood well. However, long-term size distribution measurements made at several ground-based sites across Europe implicitly contain information about the processes that created those size distributions. This work aims to extract that information by developing and applying an inverse technique to constrain aerosol emissions as well as nucleation and growth rates based on hourly size distribution measurements. We developed an inverse method based upon process control theory into an online estimation technique to scale aerosol emissions, growth, and nucleation so that the model-measurement bias in three measured aerosol properties exponentially decays. The properties, which are calculated from the measured and predicted size distributions, used to constrain aerosol nucleation, emission, and growth rates are the number of particles with diameter between 3 nm and 6 nm, the number with diameter greater than 10 nm, and the total dry volume of aerosol (N3-6, N10, Vdry), respectively. In this paper, we focus on developing and applying the estimation methodology in a zero-dimensional "box" model as a proof-of-concept before applying it to a three-dimensional simulation in subsequent work. The methodology is first tested on a dataset of synthetic and perfect measurements that span diverse environments in which the true particle emissions, growth, and nucleation rates are known. The inverse technique accurately estimates the aerosol microphysical process rates with an average and maximum error of 2 % and 13 %, respectively. Next, we investigate the effect that measurement noise has on the estimated rates. The method is robust to typical instrument noise in the aerosol properties as there is a negligible increase in bias of the estimated process rates. Finally, the methodology is applied to long-term datasets of in-situ size distribution measurements in Western Europe from May 2006 through June 2007. At Melpitz, Germany and Hyytiälä, Finland, the average diurnal profiles of estimated 3 nm particle formation rates are reasonable, having peaks near noon local time with average peak values of 1 and 0.15 cm−3 s−1, respectively. The normalized absolute error in estimated N3-6, N10, and Vdry at three European measurement sites is less than 15 %, showing that the estimation framework developed here has potential to decrease model-measurement bias while constraining uncertain aerosol microphysical processes.
Calibration of a lumped karst system model and application to the Qachqouch karst spring (Lebanon) under climate change conditions
Authors: Dubois Emmanuel , Doummar Joanna , Pistre Séverin , Larocque Marie
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Flow in complex karst aquifers is challenging to
conceptualize and model, especially in poorly investigated areas, in
semiarid climates, and under changing climatic conditions; however, it is
necessary in order to implement long-term sustainable water management practices.
Thus, the objectives of this work were to propose a calibration approach based on
time series analyses for a karst aquifer and to assess the impact of
climate change on spring discharge. Based on more than 3 years of
high-resolution continuous monitoring, a semi-distributed lumped model was
calibrated and validated for the Qachqouch karst spring, north of Beirut
(Lebanon). Time series analyses and decomposition of spring hydrographs
revealed that the system has a high regulatory function, with considerable
storage capacity providing stable flow (minimum flow of 0.2 m3 s−1)
during the dry season and with flow rates exceeding 10 m3 s−1 during the
wet season, which is similar to other karst aquifers in the region. Based on this
detailed understanding of the hydrodynamics of the system, the model
geometry and parameters were validated. Three linear reservoirs were
implemented to reproduce the combined contribution of the different flow
components of the system. A satisfactory simulation (Nash–Sutcliffe
efficiency coefficient, NSE, of 0.72) of the measured spring flow rates was obtained after
calibration. Climate change conditions (+1 to +3 ∘C warming,
−10 % to −30 % less precipitation annually, and the intensification of rain
events) were added to a baseline climatic year to produce scenarios of
expected spring flow responses. Results show that the Qachqouch karst
aquifer is sensitive to decreasing rainfall, which is associated with more
pronounced recessions, with flow rates decreasing by 34 % and 1-month
longer dry periods. Because of the limited influence of snow on the spring
flow rate, a warming climate has less impact on spring flow conditions than
a reduction in precipitation. Although the model shows that increasing
rainfall intensity induces larger floods, recessions, and shorter low-flow
periods, the real impact of high-intensity precipitation events remains
uncertain, as the model does not account for complex unsaturated and
epikarstic processes. This work shows that calibrating a semi-distributed
lumped model using time series analyses can be an efficient approach to
improve simulations of complex karst aquifers, thereby providing useful models
for long-term sustainable water management.
A kinematic formalism for tracking ice–ocean mass exchange on the Earth's surface and estimating sea-level change
Authors: Adhikari Surendra , Ivins Erik R. , Larour Eric , Caron Lambert , Seroussi Helene
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Polar ice sheets are important components of the Earth system. As the geometries of land, ocean and ice sheets evolve, they must be consistently
captured within the lexicon of geodesy. Understanding the interplay between the processes such as ice-sheet dynamics, solid-Earth deformation, and
sea-level adjustment requires both geodetically consistent and mass-conserving descriptions of evolving land and ocean domains, grounded ice sheets
and floating ice shelves, and their respective interfaces. Here we present mathematical descriptions of a generic level set that can be used to
track both the grounding lines and coastlines, in light of ice–ocean mass exchange and complex feedbacks from the solid Earth and sea level. We next
present a unified method to accurately compute the sea-level contribution of evolving ice sheets based on the change in ice thickness, bedrock
elevation and mean sea level caused by any geophysical processes. Our formalism can be applied to arbitrary geometries and at all timescales. While
it can be used for applications with modeling, observations and the combination of two, it is best suited for Earth system models, comprising ice
sheets, solid Earth and sea level, that seek to conserve mass.
Radiocarbon dating of alpine ice cores with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction
Authors: Fang Ling , Jenk Theo , Singer Thomas , Hou Shugui , Schwikowski Margit
Published: September 2020

Abstract. High-alpine glaciers are valuable archives of past climatic and environmental conditions. The interpretation of the preserved signal requires a precise chronology. Radiocarbon (14C) dating of the water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) fraction has become an important dating tool to constrain the age of ice cores from mid-latitude and low-latitude glaciers. However, in some cases this method is restricted by the low WIOC concentration in the ice. In this work, we report first 14C dating results using the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction, which is present at concentrations of at least a factor of two higher than the WIOC fraction. We evaluated this new approach by comparison to the established WIO14C dating based on parallel ice core sample sections from four different Eurasian glaciers covering an age range of several hundred to around 20’000 years. 14C dating of the two fractions yielded comparable ages with WIO14C revealing a slight, barely significant, systematic offset towards older ages. Our data suggests this to be caused by incompletely removed carbonate from mineral dust (14C depleted) contributing to the WIOC fraction. While in the DOC extraction procedure inorganic carbon is monitored to ensure complete removal, the average removal efficiency for WIOC samples was here estimated to be ~96%. We did not find any indication of in-situ production systematically contributing to DO14C as suggested in a previous study. By using the DOC instead of the WIOC fraction for 14C dating, the required ice mass can be reduced to typically ~250 g, yielding a precision of ±200 years or even better if sample sizes typically required for WIO14C dating are used. This study shows the potential of pushing radiocarbon dating of ice forward even to remote and Polar Regions, where the carbon content in the ice is particularly low, when applying the DOC fraction for 14C dating.
Enhancement of snow albedo reduction and radiative forcing due to coated black carbon in snow
Authors: Pu Wei , Shi Tenglong , Cui Jiecan , Chen Yang , Zhou Yue , Wang Xin
Published: September 2020

Abstract. When black carbon (BC) is internally mixed with other atmospheric particles, BC light absorption is effectively enhanced. This study is the first to explicitly resolve the optical properties of coated BC in snow, based on core/shell Mie theory and a snow, ice, and aerosol radiative model (SNICAR). Our results indicate that a "BC coating effect" enhances the reduction of snow albedo by a factor of 1.1–1.8 for a non-absorbing shell and 1.1–1.3 for an absorbing shell, depending on BC concentration, snow grain radius, and core/shell ratio. We develop parameterizations of the BC coating effect for application to climate models, which provides a convenient way to accurately estimate the climate impact of BC in snow. Finally, based on a comprehensive set of in situ measurements across the Northern Hemisphere, we find that the contribution of the BC coating effect to snow light absorption has exceeded that of dust over northern China. Notably, the high enhancements of snow albedo reductions by BC coating effect were found in the Arctic and Tibetan Plateau, suggesting a greater contribution of BC to the retreat of Arctic sea ice and Tibetan glaciers.
Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis in patients from Asian countries in the GEMINI 1 study
Authors: Ooi Choon Jin , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Kim Hyo-Jong , Jalihal Umesh , Wu Deng-Chyang , Demuth Dirk , Lindner Dirk , Adsul Shashi
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims: The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) have been demonstrated in the GEMINI 1 study (NCT00783718). This post-hoc exploratory analysis sought to establish the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in a subgroup of patients from Asian countries with UC from GEMINI 1.Methods: Efficacy outcomes of interest were clinical response, clinical remission and mucosal healing at week 6 (induction phase); and clinical remission, durable clinical response, durable clinical remission, mucosal healing and glucocorticoid-free remission at week 52 (maintenance phase). Differences in outcome rates between vedolizumab and placebo in Asian countries (Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) were assessed using descriptive analyses, and efficacy and safety compared between Asian and non-Asian countries.Results: During induction, in Asian countries (n = 58), clinical response rates at week 6 with vedolizumab and placebo were 55.2% and 24.1%, respectively (difference 31.0%; 95% confidence interval: 7.2%–54.9%). In non-Asian countries (n = 316), response rates at week 6 with vedolizumab and placebo were 45.9% and 25.8%, respectively. During maintenance, in Asian countries, clinical remission rates at 52 weeks with vedolizumab administered every 8 weeks, vedolizumab administered every 4 weeks and placebo were 9.1%, 36.8%, and 31.6%, respectively; corresponding rates for mucosal healing were 45.5%, 47.4%, and 47.4%, respectively. Vedolizumab was well-tolerated; adverse event frequency was comparable in Asian and non-Asian countries.Conclusions: In patients from Asian countries, the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in treatment of UC were broadly consistent with that in the overall study population.
Economic-Financial Metanalysis of Termination of Nellore Cattle in Feedlot in Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Felipe Araújo Oliveira , Araújo Ricardo Alves , Silva Luiza De Nazaré Carneiro da , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Costa Clésio Dos Santos , Santos Francisco Naysson de Sousa , Rodrigues Rosane Cláudia , Silva Ivone Rodrigues da , Almeida Olivan Cunha , Souza Jarlyanne Nargylla Costa , Veras Diego De Almeida
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the economic and financial viability of the creation of Nellore cattle in feedlot in Brazil. To do so, we performed a meta-analysis of productive data of Brazilian research published in the last ten years, and before the data, simulated to economic analysis. Three scenarios were simulated, the first according to projections of commodity prices, the second with a reduction of 10% of those prices and the third with an increase of 10%. In first scenario the termination provided positive net income, with total factor productivity (TFP) of R$ 1.04. On the other hand, with the increase of 10% of the costs of production, there is an income and a negative rate of return. On the other hand, with a reduction of 10% of the costs of production, the system will only 1,289 animals and, at the same time, the TFP shall be 1.16, with a return rate of 16.32%. We observed payback with values of less than one year, but with an increase of 10% on the cost with feeding all indicators were negative. Sensitivity analyzes showed that in most scenarios evaluated, only in situations more unfavorable economic performance indicators were not attractive. A meta-analysis of data from the termination of bovine animals shows that, before the current scenario, the price of commodities provides favorable economic indices, but with a negative variation of 10% on the price of the same, the indicators are to be negative, even with the price of the @ remaining stable.
Talent Management Strategies and Employees’ Retention in Chi Farms Ltd (Ajanla Farm), Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulmaleek O. Abdulazeez
Published: September 2020

This study examined the analysis of Talent management strategies and employees’ retention among workers of CHI Farms LTD. (Ajanla Farm), Ibadan. In carrying out the research, three hypotheses were generated and were tested using Multiple regression model, Pearson product moment correlation and T – test statistics respectively. The study adopted a descriptive survey design method. A structured questionnaire was used in obtaining data, which was classified into Employee Engagement Scale (EES), Employees’ Retention Scale (ERS), Performance Management Scale (PMS), Compensation Management Scale (CMS), and was administered on 108 respondents. Hypothesis one revealed that there was a contribution of talent management strategies (i.e performance management, compensation and engagement) to employees’ retention (F=43.68, p<.01, R2=.54). Hypothesis two findings showed a significant relationship between performance management and employees’ retention [r(.104)= .46**, p<.01]. Also, the result revealed a significant positive relationship between compensation strategies and employees retention [r(106)=.35**,p<.01]. The result also revealed that a significant positive relationship between engagement and employees’ retention {r(106)=.40**, p<.01} exist. Hypothesis three result revealed that there was a significant difference between male and female respondents on perception of employees’ retention. [t(106)=4.27, p<.01]. The study concluded that performance management, compensation strategy and employees’ engagement are of great importance to talent management and retention. The study therefore recommended that management should formulate and implement policies that promote talent management which will in turn promote employees’ retention, they should also recognize and appreciate employees for work well done and that management should have in – house career development programs to help develop their employees.
“One Day Our Warmest Friend; the Next Our Bitterest Enemy”: Mordecai Manuel Noah and the Black-Jewish Imaginary
Authors: Crane Jacob
Published: September 2020

This article explores the often contentious relationship between early American Jewish writer Mordecai Manuel Noah and the African American community in 1820s New York City. I argue that recent critical discussions of Noah’s contributions to Jewish American literature have neglected to confront the author’s racist attacks against the city’s free black population. However, rather than asking the obvious and perhaps unanswerable question of whether Noah’s racism overshadows his Jewish activism, I pursue a different question: what did Noah’s Jewishness mean to the African Americans he engaged with? In developing this question I examine how Noah’s complicated relationship with the African American community actually gave rise to a vibrant discourse that compared the roles of Jewish and African identities in antebellum America. I argue that reckoning with this complex relationship offers us the opportunity to interrogate not only the shifting meanings of whiteness and Jewishness in the period but also the metaphors of “doubleness” that pervade models of minority identity and readings of both Jewish American and African American literature.