bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Competitive Team-based Learning vs. Reciprocal Teaching of Reading: A Study in Reading Classes
Authors: Salari Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hassan
Published: April 2019

This study was an experimental investigation on the effects of a new innovative approach to ELT/Education namely Competitive Team-Based Learning (CTBL), developed by Hosseini (2009, 2019) at Mashhad Rooyan Research Center in Iran, and Reciprocal Teaching of Reading (RTR), developed by Palinscar, at the University of Michigan and Brown (1985), at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, on the reading comprehension of Iranian EFL intermediate students. See the introductory 17-minute video to CTBL at https://youtu.be/cPtOUaIkJlk or at http://www.aparat.com/v/i32tK. After administering Interchange placement test to a total population of 75, and after ensuring that the participants were homogenous and at intermediate level, sixty students were selected, based on their scores in the pretest. Then, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups – thirty per group. Each class was divided into seven teams of four – the two remaining students in each class worked in pairs. Before the experiment, the researchers conducted the Interchange reading test. In the course of experimentation, while the first experimental group was instructed via RTR method of CL, the second experimental group was instructed via Hosseini's approach to (language) teaching (i.e., CTBL). At the end of the study, the reading comprehension test (posttest) was used to assess the probable progress in the reading comprehension ability of the students. Independent samples T-test illustrated statistical significance at P≤0.05 level that proved the superiority of CTBL over RTR on the participants' reading comprehension achievements. Suggestions to researchers have been put forward at the end of the present article.
Students’ Emotive Reaction and Confidence in Doing Language Tests: A Case of Test Takers in EFL Learning in Indonesia
Authors: Kamaruddin Abdul , Manurung Konder
Published: April 2019

It has long been argued that the tests administered to students influence the students' learning motivation. The study aims at investigating the students' emotive reactions and confidence in doing English language tests and its implications for EFL learning. Forty-two students of the Department of English Education, University of Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia participated in the research. The students were programming Speaking Class in the Academic Year 2016/2017. Questionnaire items and focused group discussions were employed to produce the data needed. From the data analysis, it reveals that the use of language tests motivates the students in learning English despite the stressful situations they experience while they are sitting on the tests. Interestingly, the research findings show that the students are delightful in doing the tests. The students are most confident in speaking tests, but they are least confident in writing tests. Reading tests are in second place in terms of the student confidence in doing tests and listening tests are in the third place. How language testing motivates EFL learners is discussed.
The Symbolic Forms of Indonesian Language Teaching’s Discourse at IAIN Palopo: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Sukirman Sukirman , Jufri Jufri , Tahmir Suradi , Mahmudah Mahmudah
Published: April 2019

This research aims at revealing the functions of symbolic forms of Indonesian language teaching (PBI). The method used is qualitative descriptive with data source in the form of conversations between lecturer and students who produce words, phrases, and sentences obtained by recorder instrument (handycam) and interview guidelines. The data is analyzed using data reduction, data display, and verification technique. The results show that the symbolic forms used in PBI’s discourse reveals the idea of characteristics concerning motivation, strengthening, competence, sharpening, and awareness. In line with that, the functions of the symbolic forms include (1) statements with "challenging" characteristic and its development; (2) direction, guidance, and advice; (3) praise; (4) threat (fear); (5) question and correction; (6) inadequacy and weakness; (7) sanction (discipline); (8) counseling and training service; (9) instruction or command; (10) honesty; and (11) request or demand.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accelerated and Accelerated Cornea Pulsing Crosslinking Based on the Presence of a Demarcation Line
Authors: Khalimova L. I.
Published: April 2019

Purposeof the study is to assess the state of the demarcation line of the stroma after accelerated and pulsed accelerated ultraviolet cornea crosslinking.Patients and methods. Clinical observations included 24 patients (31 eyes) with keratoconus (KC), aged 18–46 years, men — 11 (45.9 %), women — 13 (54.1 %). Accelerated (a-CXL) crosslinking was carried out in continuous mode with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes (13 eyes), pulsed accelerated (i-ACXL) with a power of 18 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes, in mode 1 sec light / 1 sec pause (18 eyes). Conducted generally accepted and additional methods of ophthalmic research. The follow-up periods were 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.Results. According to optical coherent tomography, the demarcation line was detected in all cases after a-CXL and i-ACXL. At 1 month after the crosslinking, there were no significant differences between the a-CXL and i-ACXL groups in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, maximal correction. The average depth with demarcation at 1 month after the procedure in the central zone of the cornea was 216.41 ± 36.67 μm in the a-CXL group and 236.41 ± 37.08 μm in the i-ACXL group. Using confocal microscopy in vivo in both groups 1 month after surgery apoptosis of keratocytes and stromal edema were detected. A gradual restoration of the cornea to its original state was observed after 6 months.Conclusion. Research results have shown that accelerated and pulsed accelerated cross-linking are safe and effective technologies to stabilize the progression of keratoconus. Both crosslinking protocols provide a significant reduction in the duration of the procedure compared to the traditional one. Revealed deeper arrangement of the demarcation line when performing pulsed accelerated crosslinking compared to the accelerated. Further long-term and more extensive studies of accelerated and pulsed accelerated cornea ultraviolet crosslinking will provide improved information on their effectiveness in the long-term.
Сomparative Analysis of the Long-Term Results of Diabetic Macular Edema and Epiretinal Membrane Surgical Treatment
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Zainullin R. M. , Gilmanshin T. R. , Khalimov T. A.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study — to conduct a comparative analysis of structural and functional indicators of the central zone of the retina in patients with diabetic macular edema and epiretinal membrane in the remote period after surgical treatment. Patients and Methods. We examined 97 patients with diabetic macular edema in combination with the epiretinal membrane aged 53 to 68 years (mean age 61 ± 5.4 years). All patients underwent vitrectomy with an internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM). Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the intravitreal use of an angiogenesis inhibitor. The analysis of the remote anatomical and functional results of patients of different groups during 1 year of observation was carried out. Results. In patients after treatment using the proposed technique, the central retinal thickness was reduced by 16.19 % (p = 0.031) compared with monotherapy and by 11.51 % (p = 0.039) compared with a phased treatment method. Visual acuity significantly increased in the treatment group by the single-step method by 1.53 times (p = 0.024) compared with the group where only vitrectomy was performed, and also 1.44 times (p = 0.029) compared with the delayed administration of angiogenesis inhibitor in avital eye. Patients in all groups have showed an improvement in central photosensitivity 1 month after surgery, followed by a slight decrease in performance. However, by 12 months, the level of central photosensitivity in group 2 was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of macular pigment has showed that, along with the development of the pathological process, macular pigments were dispersed in the retinal tissue. On the background of treatment, their concentration was normalized in the central zone of the retina, without increasing the quantitative composition. Conclusion Analysis of the morphofunctional parameters of the retina central section in patients with diabetic macular edema and epiretinal membrane in the dynamics of treatment with various techniques led to the creation of an algorithm for managing patients. It allows to achieve high clinical and functional results in an overwhelming percentage of cases and, thereby, significantly improve medical and social rehabilitation, and also the quality of life of this contingent.
Femtolaser Systems in Congenital Cataract Surgery in Children
Authors: Zaidullin I. S. , Burkhanov Yu. K.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To study the features and results of femtolaser use in congenital cataract surgery in children. Patients and Methods. 35 children (37 eyes) with congenital cataracts aged from 12 months to 14 years (5.38 ± 6.3 years) were examined and surgical treated. The first stage of the operation included femtolaser execution of the anterior capsulorhexis (femtosecond laser Victus™ (Technolas Perfect Vision/Baush&Lomb, Germany). The second stage was the flap of the anterior capsule removal, the performance of hydrodissection, aspiration of lens masses, intracapsular implantation of the IOL. Results. In case of femtolaser capsulotomy, its diameter increased. It depended on the child age and the state of the anterior lens capsule. The obtained disc diameter of the anterior capsule in almost all eyes was significantly less than planned, due to its high elasticity in children. Conclusion. The use of a femtosecond laser in children with congenital cataracts, especially in infants, increase the effectiveness of visual rehabilitation. When conducting an anterior femtolaser capsulotomy in children with congenital cataract, it is necessary to take into account an increase in the diameter of the anterior capsulotomy, depending on child age and the condition of the anterior lens capsule. The first stage of surgery under local anesthesia in older children requires an individual approach.
OCT-Angiography for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Best’s Disease
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Denisova E. V. , Arestova N. N. , Kruglova T. B. , Osipova N. A. , Novikova O. V.
Published: April 2019

Best’s disease is a relatively rare form of macular dystrophy, characterized by bilateral staged course. The cases of the choroidal neovascular membrane (XNM) formation in the course of the disease development are described, however the true frequency of this complication and the management of such patients are not determined. In recent years, a new promising method of examination — OCT — angiography (OCTA) — has been actively introduced into clinical practice. Non-invasive character and contactlessness of OKTA open wide possibilities of its application in various pathologies, in particular, in pediatric ophthalmology. The purpose of this work was to assess the prospects for using OCTA in the diagnosis and monitoring of Best’s disease. Patients and methods. The data of the standard complex ophthalmological examination and OCTA of the posterior pole of the eye were analyzed in 5 patients with Best’s disease — 4 children aged 5 to 12 years and the 25-year-old woman observed for this disease from childhood. Results. In all patients, the disease was bilateral. In 1 of 9 eyes (1 out of 10 eyes was excluded from the analysis due to the presence of retinal detachment at the time of examination) the disease was at the vitelliform stage, in 2 — at the pseudohypopyon, in 5 — at the vitelliruptive stage, in 1 — at the atrophic stage. Visual acuity at the time of the examination was from 0.02 to 1.0. Clinically, the presence of CNM could be assumed in 4 eyes. According to OCTA CNM was detected in 7 cases, in 3 of them signs of membrane activity were noted. Сonclusion. OCTA provide detection that the formation of СNM in the Best’s disease occured already at the pseudohypopyon stage and in half of cases was not accompanied by the development of clinical symptoms. The study allows to assess the localization, size and activity of the membrane, which is necessary for monitoring and determining the tactics of treatment of this complication. Carrying out further research will determine the true frequency, risk factors for development and features of CNM in Best’s disease, which will allow developing optimal tactics for conducting such patients.
Correlation estradiol levels and physical activities with lipid profile levels of premenopausal women, in Padang city, Indonesia
Authors: Hafizah Hafizah , Afriwardi Afriwardi , Anggraini Fika Tri , Sulastri Delmi
Published: April 2019

Background: In premenopausal women, low estradiol levels and lack of physical activity can result in dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The incidence of CHD occurs a lot in premenopausal age compared to productive age, the percentage of women who experience higher CHD than men. Objective was to determine the correlation of estradiol levels and physical activity with lipid profiles in premenopausal women in Padang City.Methods: This research was carried out in Padang City. The study was observational, cross-sectional design. The study sample was 79 premenopausal women. Estradiol levels were assessed by the ELISA method, physical activity was assessed by an international physical activity (IPAQ) questionnaire, lipid profiles were assessed by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Correlation of estradiol levels with lipid profile levels were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Correlation of physical activity with lipid profile level using the ANOVA test.Results: The mean estradiol level of respondents was 144.68pg/ml, the mean physical activity of respondents is heavy physical activity as much as 41.8%, the mean cholesterol level of respondents was 194.76mg/dl, the mean triglyceride level of respondents was 118.75mg/dl, the mean LDL cholesterol level of respondents was 120.64mg/dl, the mean HDL cholesterol level was 53.18mg/dl.Conclusions: There were significant correlation between estradiol levels with triglyceride levels and LDL cholesterol. There was significant correlation physical activity with total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels. There was no correlation between estradiol levels with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. There was no correlation physical activity with LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Increasing number of secondary dengue cases: a concern
Authors: Abhishek Kumar S. , Siddiqui Oves , Chakravarti Anita
Published: April 2019

ackground: Dengue fever is caused by mosquito borne arbovirus of family Flaviviridae, Aedes agypti as the principle vector. In the recent past Delhi has witnessed several outbreaks affecting thousands of individuals and many of them get re-infected during subsequent years forming a bulk of secondary dengue cases putting them at risk of developing severe dengue.Methods: A total of 150 serum samples from suspected dengue cases were tested for dengue fever by NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by categorization into primary and secondary dengue using IgG avidity ELISA.Results: Out of total 150 clinically suspected dengue cases, 56 were positive either by Dengue NS-1 antigen or dengue IgM antibody or both. On the basis of dengue IgG avidity ELISA among 56 diagnosed dengue cases, 30 (53.57%) were found to be of secondary dengue.Conclusions: There is increasing trend of dengue cases in Delhi since past one decade. Being hyper-endemic area for dengue, more than 25% population have been reported to have past infection of dengue. Due to increased prevalence and simultaneous circulation of more than one serotypes, number of secondary dengue cases is also increasing. Since majority of severe dengue cases are associated with secondary dengue, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the fatal outcome. Thus, avidity testing for IgG antibody becomes an important tool.
Study of mucormycosis patients attending tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Ludhar Amandeep , Nilakhe Sachin S.
Published: April 2019

Background: Treatment of mucormycosis involves a combination of surgical debridement of involved tissues and antifungal therapy. Intravenous amphotericin B is the drug of choice. In this study authors assessed the outcomes of treating patients with mucormycosis with varied formulations of amphotericin.Methods: Authors performed a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis and admitted in the inpatient ward of Bharati Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India from May 2015 till May 2018. Patients either received amphotericin B, lyophilized amphotericin B or lipid soluble amphotericin B. Resolution of symptoms was graded as good clinical response and persistence of symptoms as poor clinical response.Results: During the study period a total of 16 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent surgical debridement and received different forms of amphotericin. Three patients received amphotericin B 1.5 to 3 grams over 21 days and responded satisfactory and later had renal toxicity. Five patients received lyophilized amphotericin B 3 to 4 grams over 21 days, with good response and less renal toxicity as compared to amphotericin B. Lipid soluble amphotericin B was given to 8 patients 3.5 to 5 gm over 21 days with good clinical response and minimal renal toxicity. Of the 10 patients who presented with nasal discharge, 60% had a good clinical outcome, 30% had poor and one patient died.Conclusions: Amphotericin B is an effective anti-fungal. Further studies are needed to assess the utility of immunologic and metabolomic profiling of the host and prescribing targeted immunotherapy in decreasing the incidence of mucormycosis.
Estimation of stature from percutaneous length of tibia amongst Bengalee population-an observational study in a teaching institution in West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Tapas
Published: April 2019

Background: Assessment of stature from measurement of percutaneous body parts is important for identification. This assessment can be done from long bones, especially tibia and femur. Tibia is ideal in this context as it is subcutaneous, and measurement is easy. Various regression equations correlating stature with percutaneous length of tibia (PCLT) are outdated, incorrect or inappropriate. So, the present study aimed at finding a recent relationship, and if possible, correlation between PCLT and stature.Methods: PCLT and stature of 470 subjects of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India, were recorded.Results: New regression equations were derived from the data, taking into consideration the racial, geographic, secular and gender differences. After determining that PCLT and stature were related and positively correlated, the newly formulated regression equations were evaluated and found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: The new regression equations derived from this study could be employed for more accurate estimation of stature.
Evaluate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy and long-acting penicillin on the levels of the antistreptolysin O titer in children with recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Kumar Alekh , Kumari Nupur
Published: April 2019

Background: Tonsillitis is widespread among children and has serious poststreptococcal complications, and both the patients and clinician have to face the question on what is the role and benefit of using long-acting penicillin and whether it is an alternative method of treatment to surgery?. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of tonsillectomy compared with long-acting penicillin in the treatment of recurrent tonsillitis, comparing their effects on the levels of the antistreptolysin O titer (ASOT).Methods: A total of 100 patients aged 4-15 years with recurrent tonsillitis and signs of chronic tonsillitis, after exclusion of patients with bleeding diathesis, anemia, chronic illness, and criteria of rheumatic fever, were included in this study, they were divided to two groups comprising 50 patients each. The first group was treated by tonsillectomy, whereas the second group was treated using long-acting penicillin monthly for 6 months. They were clinically evaluated, ASOT levels were recorded for all patients before management and after 6 months.Results: The mean ASOT readings before management and after 6 months for the tonsillectomy group were 518.29 and 117.13 IU/ml, respectively (P value <0.004), whereas for the penicillin group, they were 526.70 and 262.98 IU/ml, respectively (P value <0.072).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the first line of treatment of recurrent chronic tonsillitis is tonsillectomy, as it is both clinically effective and cost-effective for children and that the second line of treatment is long-acting penicillin with a long-term follow-up and in patients have contraindications for surgery such as bleeding diathesis.
A study on serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic patients
Authors: Vivekananthan S. C. , Kumar M. Suresh , Nagalingam Saranya
Published: April 2019

Background: Elevated levels of lipid peroxide in diabetes mellitus may be due to the alteration of function of erythrocytes membrane. This inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme leading to accumulation of superoxide radicals which cause the maximum lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in diabetes. The objectives was to study was done with the objectives of assessing the serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic population and matched control group.Methods: This study was done among 50 NIDDM, 50 IDDM and 50 controls at Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of one year at the Department of Diabetology after getting the informed consent and IEC clearance. This study included all ambulatory NIDDM and IDDM patients without any complications. The following investigations like serum malondialdehyde, blood sugar, HBA1C, serum lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, urine albumin and sugar were done by standardized procedures and reagents after getting the detailed history and examination.Results: Among NIDDM group 78% were between 6.4 to 8 categories whereas in IDDM group only 28% were in this 6.4 to 8 category (HBA1C). Comparison of serum MDA values among three groups were done by ANOVA with two groups separately and it was highly significant. Multiple comparison of mean difference of MDA and lipid values among all the three groups showed statistically significant results with p value at 0.05.Conclusions: Lipid profile is increased in poor glycemic controlled patients (both IDDM and NIDDM patients) and it is reflected in high serum malondialdehyde levels.
A clinicohematological profile of splenomegaly
Authors: Tangde Ashwini , Sonwane Bharat , Bindu Rajan
Published: April 2019

Background: Splenomegaly is a matter of considerable clinical concern as spleen is not normally palpable. Splenomegaly is associated with large number of disorders including hematological, infectious, congestive states related to portal hypertension, lymphohematogenous disorders, immunological conditions, storage disorders and miscellaneous conditions. So, all the cases of splenomegaly should be thoroughly investigated to ascertain etiology. Splenomegaly can be an important diagnostic clue to existence of an underlying pathology. The aim and objective of present study was to find out relative frequency of clinical conditions associated with splenomegaly, to study clinic-hematological profile of splenomegaly and to find out the role of hematological investigations as a diagnostic tool in elucidating etiopathogenesis of splenomegaly.Methods: This was a cross sectional, observational study. Study was conducted on 135 pediatric as well as adult patients with splenomegaly admitted in medical ward, Government Medical College and tertiary care hospital Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India from December 2015 to October 2017. Hematological parameters of 135 cases of splenomegaly were analysed and correlated with clinical findings.Results: Study comprises 135 patients. Age range was 3 months to 78 years. Males (54.81%) were affected more commonly than females (45.19%). The most common presenting complaint was fever (59.26%) followed by generalized weakness (51.11%) and pallor (44.44%). Majority of cases (48.15%) had grade II splenomegaly. Splenomegaly was associated with hepatomegaly (60.74%) and lymphadenopathy (18.52%). The commonest cause of splenomegaly found was anemia (39.26%) followed by hematological malignancies (20.74%), congestive states (11.85%) and infections (11.85%). Hematological investigations revealed diagnosis in majority of cases (71%).Conclusions: Splenomegaly is an important clinical sign that must be investigated thoroughly as most of the common causes are treatable. Hematological causes outnumbered the non-hematological causes of splenomegaly. Hematological profile in cases of enlarged spleen are of utmost importance as a diagnostic or additional tool in elucidating the etiogenesis of splenomegaly.
Neurofibroma of lumbosacral region: a case report
Authors: . Elfiah , Asmiragani Syaifullah
Published: April 2019

Neurofibromas are benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. Spinal neurofibroma often asymptomatic. Symptoms may present include sensory changes. Neurofibroma mostly encountered cervical cord, difficult to distinguish from schwannomas. This slow growing tumor remodel the bone resulting pedicle thinning and posterior vertebral body scalloping. MRI shows hyperintense rim. Although this highly suggestive neurofibroma, occasionally also seen in schwannoma and malignant PNST. Treatment choice for symptomatic lesions is surgery. We are reporting a case of neurofibroma in the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral region.
Hypothyroidism following hemithyroidectomy: a study in a tertiary care hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Ikbal Ashik , Mahfuzul Anwar Mostafa , Ahmed Tareq Uddin
Published: April 2019

Background: Hypothyroidism results from insufficient production and secretion of thyroid hormones. This may be due to disturbance within the thyroid gland itself (primary hypothyroidism) or within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (secondary hypothyroidism). The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors and management of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy for benign non-toxic thyroid disease.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cross sectional study of 50 euthyroid patients with benign non-toxic thyroid disease who had undergone hemithyroidectomy from January 2012 to December 2012 admitted in the department of otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. All patients were evaluated for age, sex, pre-operative and post-operative TSH levels, histopathology and follow up. Time of diagnosis and therapeutic dose of thyroid hormone were determined for patients with hypothyroidism.  

Results: As per this study, the incidence of permanent nerve damage was zero whereas the incidence of temporary neuropraxia was found to be around 0.5%. The incidence of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was found to be around 0.7% and 0.2% respectively. These complications were found more in obese patients and those with malignancies.

Conclusions: Taking account of the very low incidence of nerve and parathyroid injury in this series, the authors suggest that meticulous capsular dissection is superior to dissection of the entire nerve in avoiding transcient nerve damage as well as temporary hypocalcemia. However it is stated that a deliberate search for the nerve is definitely indicated in cases where there is likely to be distorted anatomy, as in infiltrating malignancies and recurrent thyroidectomies.
Study of outcome of tympanoplasty with and without mastoid antrum exploration in patients with mucosal CSOM
Authors: Rathi Abhinav , Garg Kapil
Published: April 2019

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a major cause of acquired hearing impairment in children. Standard medical treatment of tubotympanic CSOM is aural toilet, topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics and dry ear precautions. Surgical intervention for safe / tubotympanic CSOM is tympanoplasty. Otologists currently remain divided as to the importance of antrum exploration in the treatment of tubotympanic CSOM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of tympanoplasties with and without antrum exploration in cases of tubotympanic CSOM in terms of graft uptake rate and hearing improvement.

Methods: The present study included 60 patients of CSOM with central perforation who underwent surgery at JNU IMSRC from January 2016 to July 2016. Detailed history, clinical examination including tuning fork test, pure tone audiometry was done. All patients were followed up for a period of 3 months.  

Results: Out of the 60 cases of tubotympanic CSOM graft uptake was seen in 53 cases (88.33%). Graft uptake rate was 96.6% in patients who underwent tympanoplasty with antrum exploration which was significantly higher than those who underwent tympanoplasty alone (80%). Hearing improvement was seen in 93.10% of patients who underwent tympanoplasty with antrum exploration as compared to 83.33% of patients of tympanoplasty which was not statistically significant (p=0.263).
Conclusions:Tympanoplasty with antrum exploration is recommended in all patients of CSOM as it inhances the chances of graft uptake. 
 
Screening of high-risk newborns for hearing in MRMC using OAE and BERA
Authors: Tegnoor Mallikarjun S. , Naaz Farha
Published: April 2019

Background: Hearing is necessary to learn languages and speech and to develop cognitive skills. As hearing is important for normal educational and social development, hearing loss can be disastrous and for the family it can be very distressing. With early detection of hearing loss using OAE and BERA, we can ensure normal language development and help the growing child to lead a near normal life.

Methods: 500 cases- out of which 400 normal babies and 100 high risk babies are taken for the study who attend Pediatric OPD and IPD of Basaweshwara Teaching and General Hospital (BTGH) and Sangameshwar hospital attached to MRMC.  

Results: Out of 400 cases 2 cases have impaired hearing and out of 100 cases with high risk 6 cases have hearing loss.

Conclusions: This study highlights the need for OAE and BERA for early identification of hearing loss and that although universal hearing screening programs are warranted but most of the cases with hearing loss can be identified based on the risk factors and High-risk Screening can suffice in areas with limited resources.
Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap in buccal carcinoma: an institutional experience
Authors: Sahu Pankaj Kumar , Joshi Kamal Deep , Brar Manmohan Singh
Published: April 2019

Background: Defect following surgical management of Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa ofter requires reconstruction for restoration of form and function of oral cavity. Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is well known, but less utilised technique for such reconstruction. The aim of this article is to present institutional experience of posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap as a reconstructive option in selected cases of carcinoma of buccal mucosa after wide local excision with marginal mandibulectomy and its impact on rehabilitation.

Methods: In this cohort study, twelve selected cases of early carcinoma buccal mucosa, who underwent surgical excision with marginal mandibulectomy with reconstruction with posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap were included and followed up for atleast one year. Objective evaluation of swallowing and subjective evaluation of speech was done. The total duration of the study was three years. Statistical analysis was done using Friedman test and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test using SPSS 2.0.  

Results: The result of the study showed that there is significant reduction in swallowing function in post-operative period as determined by MDADI score. However there is significant improvement at Six weeks compared to 10th post-operative day. The speech also remains intelligible. No flap related complication was observed.

Conclusions: Posteriorly based dorsal tongue flap is a simple, reliable and versatile flap for reconstruction of surgical defects following wide local excision and marginal mandibulectomy for early carcinoma of buccal mucosa, without substantial morbidity and with satisfactory swallowing and speech.
Craniovertebral Junction Koch spine – an unusual presentation treated with a novel approach: case report and review of literature
Authors: Garg Bipul Kumar , Savant Shrikant Pradeep , Maheshwari Sumit
Published: April 2019

The retropharyngeal space lies in the posterior pharyngeal wall between the middle and deep layers of the deep cervical fascia. It extends from the base of the skull to the mediastinum and frequently serves as a conduit for spread of disease from the neck into the chest. Spinal tuberculosis is the commonest extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Clinical findings of cervical tuberculosis includes neck pain, restricted neck movements, quadriparesis, radicular manifestations, kyphosis, and sensory disturbance. It should be suspected in an adult person who presents with a destructive lesion of the cervical vertebra and retro-pharyngeal mass. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent the serious complications of the disease. We present here a 46 years old female who presented to a tertiary care setup with acute onset dyspnea and quadriplegia with bladder bowel involvement managed with trans oral incision and drainage of retropharyngeal abscess followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion supplemented with Anti Koch Therapy with a good follow up.
Clinico-epidemiological study of role of patch test in hand eczema
Authors: Hogade Ashok S. , Anusha P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Hand eczema is a common distressing condition in different occupational groups caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors. It appears to be the most common occupational skin disease, comprising 80% or more of all occupational contact dermatitis. Patch test at present is the only scientific method to diagnose the contact allergen and in subsequent management of patient.

Methods: An observational study of patch test was conducted on 100 patients of hand eczema in the department of DVL, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi. After detailed history and complete examination, patch testing was done using Indian Standard Series and graded by International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria at 48 hours and 72 hours.

Results: Out of 100 patients, there were 28 females and 72 males. The commonest age group seen was 20-40 years followed by 40-60 years. Commonest sensitizers were to potassium dichromate (34%) followed by nickel (18.7%), Parthenium (12.5%), PPD (7.8%), other (26%). Out of 64 patients who were positive, 82.8% were positive to single allergen, 10% to two allergens and 6.2% to multiple allergens.

Conclusions: Patch test is considered as gold standard method for diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis and thus preventing the morbidity of repeated episodes of eczema.
Usefulness of fibro scan in assessing liver fibrosis in adult patients with psoriasis
Authors: Kumar Parimalam , Ganapathi Suchithra , Sivasubramanian Athilakshmi
Published: April 2019

Background: Patients with psoriasis are at higher risk of developing “systemic” co-morbidities. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is found to be more prevalent among psoriasis patients, where it is closely associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and psoriatic arthropathy. Elderly participants with psoriasis are 70% more likely to have NAFLD than those without psoriasis independent of common NAFLD risk factors.Methotrexate is a commonly used drug in the management of psoriasis owing to its cost effectiveness and easy administration. In the presence of NAFLD the choice of potentially hepatotoxic drug therapy, such as methotrexate, should be considered with caution. By assessing the liver stiffness measurement (LSM), such drugs can be prescribed with caution in individual with significant liver fibrosis. We have conducted a study to assess the LSM in patients with psoriasis. Aim was to detect the proportion of liver fibrosis (LSM) in adult patients with psoriasis, which will help in choosing the correct treatment.

Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in 102 adults with psoriasis who were not treated with methotrexate. Transient elastography (TE) was performed in all and LSM was noted.

Results: There was no statistically significant gender influence on LSM in patients with psoriasis. There was significant increase in liver fibrosis in psoriatic patients as age advances.

Conclusions: Elderly patients with psoriasis are more likely to have liver fibrosis. Hepatotoxic drugs like methotrexate should be prescribed with caution in such patients, preferably after performing LSM.
Dermatological changes in pregnancy in central India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijit , Wankhade Vaishali H. , Supekar Bhagyashree B. , Chopkar Apoorva D. , Singh R. P.
Published: April 2019

Background: Pregnancy is a period of profound endocrine and metabolic alterations which make the pregnant woman susceptible to changes in the skin and its appendages. These changes in pregnancy can be either physiological, development of pregnancy specific dermatoses or changes in pre-existing skin diseases. The aim of the study to study the dermatological manifestations of pregnancy.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study design. All pregnant females with cutaneous manifestations attending outpatient department of Dermato-Venereo-Leprology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology were recruited during December 2015 to October 2017. They were subjected to general, local and systemic examination. Statistical analysis was done with the help percentage, mean and standard deviation.

Results: Out of 400 patients, 216 (54%) were primigravidae and 184 (46%) were multigravidae. Majority of the patients (55%) were in the age group of 21-25 years. Physiological changes were present in all patients and specific dermatoses in 8.75% of patients. The commonest mucosal change was Jacquemier-Chadwick Sign (96.5%) followed by gingivitis (2.5%). Most common pigmentary change recorded was linea nigra. Most common specific dermatoses reported was prurigo of pregnancy (8%) followed by pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (0.5%). Prurigo of pregnancy was more frequently recorded in multigravida patients and more frequently in third trimester of pregnancy. The commonest dermatosis not specific to pregnancy observed was dermatophyte infection.

Conclusions: Awareness about various cutaneous changes in pregnancy is important for correct diagnosis that will direct the most appropriate laboratory evaluation and careful management in an effort to minimize maternal and fetal morbidity.
FORMATION AND EFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Plotnytska S. I. , Arutiunian R. R., , Berezhna Yu. H., , Bogomolova K. S.
Published: April 2019

In conditions of the country's economy decline, the agrarian sector is the driving force behind the processes of economic stabilization. 17% of the country's GDP is created in agriculture, and agricultural products are exported at the amount of 17.9 billion dollars, representing 33.6% of all overseas incomes of the country, while the level of state support is rather low and amounts to only 1% of GDP.The increase in tariffs for the main energy sources leads to a constant increase in material costs for crop and livestock production. The average annual growth of material expenses for the 2014-2016 period constituted 7.8% for fuel and lubricant materials, 15.2%- for electricity, 6.4% -for fuel and energy. Thus, according to the actual data farmers should have profitability not lower than 25.4%, however they received a loss of UAH 1.2 bn.Under such conditions, it is necessary to mobilize own finances to form a raw material base and to introduce the use of alternative energy sources in agriculture.215904.6 thousand heads of cattle and poultry are concentrated in agriculture, only 54% of which - in agrarian enterprises. According to our estimates, the theoretical potential of biogas output got from animal waste was 1.75 billion m3 in 2016, while the potential level needed for energy purposes equals to 0.76 million tons. Moreover, according to experts, the possible energy potential of biogas is expected to increase to 2.38 million tons in 2050.According to the research, it has been established that the use of biogas has the following advantages over traditional fuels, namely: the use of biogas is attractive either because of lower cost or due to economic incentives; if farmers can not get permission (license) for the supply of electricity obtained from biogas to the general power grid according to the "green tariff", they use this energy for their own economic purposes; the construction of new biogas and bio-methane plants receives investment grants from 20 to 30% of the total volume of investments; the chemical composition  of biogas is similar to that of natural gas, which makes it possible to sell it to the gas distribution network, while enriching it by bio-methane and using as gaseous fuel; to use waste received as a result of biogas obtaining as enriched organic fertilizers for the needs of plant growing; the use of livestock waste for the production of biogas reduces the burden on the environment and the cost of utilizing such waste.
СТРУКТУРНІ АСИМЕТРІЇ ПОДАТКОВИХ НАДХОДЖЕНЬ ДО ЗВЕДЕНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ ЗА КВЕД 009:2010
Authors: Boiko S. V. , Varchenko O. M. , Drahan O. O.
Published: April 2019

Зазначено, що класичним для фінансової науки є твердження про фіскальну і регулюючі функції податків, що передбачають, з одного боку, здатність податкових надходжень фінансувати потреби суспільства, з другого — забезпечити стимулювання або стримування економічного розвитку. Особливості сучасного стану національної економіки свідчать про наявність неузгодженості вітчизняної фіскальної практики та класичних постулатів фінансової теорії.Присвячено дослідженню структурних зрушень у податкових надходжень до Зведеного бюджету України. Запропоновано авторський порядок оцінки структурної асиметрії податкових надходжень за КВЕД 009:2010 на основі такого порядку дій: 1) оцінка динаміки абсолютних показників та рейтингування видів економічної діяльності за відносними показниками динаміки; 2) оцінка структури та структурних зрушень, рейтингування за відносним показником структури; 3) полікритеріальний кластерний аналіз за ознаками темпу приросту податкових надходжень та питомої ваги у податкових надходжень зведеного бюджету.Проведене дослідження вказало на суттєві диспропорції впливу окремих видів економічної діяльності на наповненість дохідної частини бюджету. Склад кластерів податкових надходжень до Зведеного бюджету України за видами економічної діяльності, порівнюючи 2012 та 2016 роки, змінився на три четверті, що підтверджує гіпотезу про структурні асиметрії податкових надходжень. Визначено, що посилено роль добувної промисловості і розроблення кар’єрів, гуртової та роздрібної торгівля, переробної промисловості та сільського господарства у формуванні податкових надходжень. Види економічної діяльності, переважно нематеріальної сфери (тимчасове розміщування й організація харчування, освіта, діяльність у сфері адміністративного та допоміжного обслуговування, охорона здоров’я та надання соціальної допомоги, мистецтво, спорт, розваги та відпочинок), фінансова та страхова діяльність втрачають фіскальний потенціал.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОЦІНКИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Lagodiienko V. V. , Lagodiienko N. V.
Published: April 2019

Здійснено ідентифікацію рівня інноваційної спроможності з використанням функції бажаності Харрінгтона. Головна гіпотеза дослідження базується на припущенні, що рівень готовності підприємств промисловості до розвитку на основі інновацій значно диференціюється в розрізі видів економічної діяльності. Це, у свою чергу, вимагає здійснення комплексної оцінки інноваційної спроможності на основі врахування множини факторів, які її визначають. Проведено ранжування видів економічної діяльності у промисловості за значенням інтегрального показника, розрахованого на основі сукупності індикаторів, які комплексно відображають ступінь готовності підприємств певної галузі до впровадження інновацій. Комплексна оцінка інноваційної спроможності промислових підприємств України дозволила виявити переважно задовільну і добру їхню здатність до інноваційної діяльності. До числа галузей-лідерів, підприємства яких  мають досить високі показники інноваційної спроможності, віднесено виробництво автотранспортних засобів і фармацевтичну промисловість. Аутсайдерами в рейтингу інноваційної спроможності є підприємства, що займаються виробництвом коксу та продуктів нафтоперероблення; постачанням електроенергії, газу, пари; водопостачанням.За частковими функціями бажаності виявлено чинники, якими зумовлено певні позиції підприємств різних галузей у рейтингу. Встановлено, що переваги підприємств, що належать до галузей-лідерів, отримуються завдяки високому рівню інноваційних витрат та їхньої частки в загальних витратах підприємств, а також активному впровадженню інноваційних продуктів у виробництво. Низькі позиції в рейтингу інноваційної спроможності переважно зумовлюються незначною часткою суб’єктів, які розробляють інноваційну продукцію, реалізовують її та впроваджують інновації. Використання розробленої моделі дає можливість, крім ідентифікації рівня інноваційної спроможності підприємств, визначити тенденції його розвитку в динаміці, виявити резерви підвищення, а також виділити  основні напрями реалізації стратегії інноваційного розвитку відповідно до встановленої позиції окремого суб’єкта чи галузі, на що можуть бути спрямовані подальші дослідження.