bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The trickle-down effect of OCB in schools: the link between leader OCB and team OCB
Authors: Somech Anit , Ohayon Bat-El
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Research has provided accumulative evidence that the willingness of teachers to invest in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a fundamental component for achieving school effectiveness. However, most studies examined OCB of the individual teacher, while neglecting the fact that such behavior might grow in a context. Furthermore, educational scholars have focused almost solely on OCB of teachers, and have almost completely neglected to address the concept through a managerial prism. By taking a contextual perspective, the purpose of this paper is to postulate a positive link between leader OCB and team OCB, and suggest that organizational justice serves as a moderator in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a survey from multiple sources, to avoid one-source bias. The sample included 82 schools: 82 management teams and their 82 principals, as well as 246 teachers, who were not members of management.

Findings

Results of the hierarchical regression analysis confirmed the hypotheses. The authors found a positive association between leader OCB and team OCB and revealed that this positive relationship was significant under high levels of organizational justice, but non-significant under low levels.

Practical implications

The importance of leader OCB in promoting team OCB can inspire the educational system to learn how to develop organizational mechanisms that encourage principals to perform citizenship behaviors and to take this component into consideration in screening processes and succession planning.

Originality/value

The contribution of the study is in identifying leader OCB as a key instrument that may encourage teams to invest in OCBs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study ever to examine the link between leader OCB and team OCB. The finding that there is a positive association between the two constructs may imply that leader OCBs contribute to the school, not only directly, by exhibiting behaviors of helping and support, but also indirectly, through the leader’s impact on his or her team’s behavior.
Cost, revenue, and profit efficiency characteristics, and intellectual capital in Indian Banks
Authors: Vidyarthi Harishankar , Tiwari Ranjit
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic (namely cost, revenue and profit) efficiency and its association with intellectual capital of 37 BSE-listed Indian banks over the period 2005–2018.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs truncated Tobit regression to compute the relationship between intellectual capital and estimated cost, revenue and profit efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the 37 BSE-listed Indian banks within the panel data framework.

Findings

Estimates suggest that banks’ overall annual average cost, revenue and profit efficiency are 0.4466–0.7519, 0.4825–0.8773 and 0.4905–0.8803, respectively, during the sample period. Further, Tobit regression results indicate that the aggregate intellectual capital (value-added intellectual coefficient or Modified Value-added Intellectual Capital) has a positive but minimal impact on these efficiency parameters at 1 percent significance level for the overall sample as well as public sector banks. Among all the sub-components of intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital and relational capital have a positive and moderate impact on these efficiency measures for the overall sample. Control variables, particularly bank size, are significant drivers of the estimated efficiency of banks.

Research limitations/implications

Findings suggest that banks should invest adequately to enhance their overall intellectual capital to further augment these economic efficiency measures in the long run.

Originality/value

This study computes cost, revenue and profit efficiency of 37 BSE-listed banks based on DEA followed by intellectual capital using the Pulic approach (1998 and 2000) and the Bontis (1998) approach in the first stage. Later, it examines the dynamics between the computed efficiency parameters and intellectual capital using Tobit regression within the panel data framework.
Ketamine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by blocking the NMDA receptor‐CaMK II‐c‐Myc pathway
Authors: Hu Jianjun , Duan Wenming , Liu Yahua
Published: December 2019

Aerobic glycolysis plays a crucial role in cancer progression. Ketamine is often used for cancer pain relief in clinical settings. Moreover, ketamine inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in many cancer cell types. However, the anti‐tumour mechanism of ketamine is still poorly understood. In the present study, we survey whether and how ketamine inhibits aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Glycolysis of colon cancer cells was determined by detecting the extracellular acidification rate in HT29 and SW480 cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR was employed to determine mRNA expression. Calcium levels were detected with a Fluo‐3 AM fluorescence kit. Micro‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (microPET/CT) imaging was employed to assess glycolysis in the tumours of the xenograft model. Ketamine treatment inhibited colon cancer cell viability and migration in HT29 and SW480 cells. Moreover, ketamine decreased aerobic glycolysis and decreased the expression of glycolysis‐related proteins in HT29 and SW480 cells. MicroPET/CT demonstrated that ketamine decreased 18F‐FDG uptake in the xenograft model. In addition, ketamine inhibited c‐Myc expression and CaMK II phosphorylation and decreased calcium levels. Further, dizocilpine (an NMDAR inhibitor), and KN93 (a CaMK II inhibitor), decreased CaMK II phosphorylation, c‐Myc expression, and cancer cell glycolysis; these results were similar to those with ketamine treatment. Furthermore, the anti‐tumour effect of ketamine was counteracted by rapastinel (an NMDAR activator). Ketamine inhibited aerobic glycolysis in colon cancer cells probably by blocking the NMDA receptor‐CaMK II‐c‐Myc pathway, thus attenuating colon cancer cell viability and migration.
“Damned if you do, damned if you don’t”: Media frames of responsibility and accountability in handling a wildfire
Authors: Nilsson Sofia , Enander Ann
Published: December 2019

Previous research on media framing of wildfire has chiefly been concerned with the nature of wildfire in the context of climate change and with framing effects on policy and public opinion. Empirical studies on media content, hence what is mediated to crisis managers and the public concerning authorities’ and the public's response, seem to be largely missing. This is remarkable, given that the media represent main sources of information that may influence crisis management and shape public opinion. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify key media frames relating to portrayals of public and authority responses during and after a wildfire crisis. The study is based on media articles from two time periods: immediately after the fire and 1 year later. We used a thematic method of analysis (TA), thus an inductive, “bottom‐up” approach. A core frame, Responsibility/accountability is identified, underpinned by two sub‐themes. One sub‐theme relates to the causes of the fire and its escalation, revealing a number of different interrelated blame frames. The second sub‐theme refers to management of the crisis, reflecting both authorities’ and citizens’ responses. The deficiencies of the former are implicitly suggested to have forced citizens to act to compensate for their inadequacy. The main theoretical contribution is the identification of an interrelationship between frames in relation to different groups of individuals responding to a crisis, pointing to a more complex view of framing effects. In addition, results show how media tend to assess crisis management based on idealistic criteria, inevitably making the evaluation negative. This contributes to an understanding of how media blame frames, thus “blame games,” may unfold. Practical implications of these results are discussed.
Putative new plant viruses associated with Plasmopara viticola‐infected grapevine samples
Authors: Chiapello Marco , Rodríguez‐Romero Julio , Nerva Luca , Forgia Marco , Chitarra Walter , Ayllón Maria A. , Turina Massimo
Published: December 2019

In this study, we analysed a total of 16 libraries from over 150 grapevine leaf and grape samples infected with Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew of grapevine) to characterise the virome associated to this oomycete. Samples were collected in five distinct regions in Italy and in four different regions in Spain, representative of different pedoclimatic conditions and different grapevine cultivars during 2018 growing season. Due to the metagenomics nature of the samples (containing at least both downy mildew hyphae and spores, and grapevine cells residues), we were able to assemble several plant viruses and a few possible novel plant virus genomes with our in silico analysis. We detected several plant virus variants already reported in grapevine, and a putative new ilarvirus previously unreported in grapevine. Furthermore, we characterised three new phenui‐like viruses (in the order Bunyavirales), one of which shares some commonalities with plant coguviruses. Finally, we report a new strict association of three viral segments (one flavi‐like and two virga‐like) that we propose to be a new virus taxon named jivivirus.
The prophylactic use of fibrinogen concentrate in high‐risk cardiac surgery
Authors: Kwapisz Myron M. , Kent Blaine , DiQuinzio Claudio , LeGare Jean‐François , Garnett Shirley , Swyer Willi , Whynot Sara , Mingo Heather , Scheffler Matthias
Published: December 2019

Background

Perioperative blood loss is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery. Plasma fibrinogen levels play an essential role in hemostasis and deplete quickly during hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to determine whether prophylactic fibrinogen concentrate administration lowers overall blood product transfusion requirements in high‐risk cardiac surgery in patients with low fibrinogen plasma levels.

Methods

The study was performed in a prospective, randomized, and double‐blinded design. The investigation included 62 patients undergoing elective, high‐risk cardiac surgery. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and reversal of heparin patients received either fibrinogen concentrate or placebo. The primary outcome variable was overall blood product usage 24 hours after intervention.

Results

The fibrinogen group received numerically fewer total units of blood products than the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically or clinically significant (for groups n = 27; n = 29 and 19 vs 37 units, respectively, P = .908). The overall transfusion rate in both groups was significantly lower than the institutional average suggested (fibrinogen group 26%, placebo group 28%). The fibrinogen group showed significantly higher fibrinogen levels (2.38 vs 1.83 g/L (end of surgery), P < .001; 3.33 vs 2.68 g/L (12 hours after intervention), P = .003) and improved viscoelastic coagulation parameters (FIBTEM MCF, 27 vs 23 mm, P = .022).

Conclusion

This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates that point‐of‐care guided and prophylactic treatment with fibrinogen concentrate does not reduce transfusion of blood products in a setting of unexpectedly low transfusion rate as tested in this cohort, but may improve coagulation parameters in the setting of high‐risk cardiac surgery.
Prospective observational investigation of body habitus measurements and relationship to epidural depth in term pregnant women
Authors: Weiniger Carolyn F. , Cohen Avital , Aptekman Boris , Carvalho Brendan
Published: December 2019

Background

High body mass index (BMI) can predict difficult neuraxial block; however, fat distribution may also be important. The primary study aim was to identify body habitus and fat distribution measurements that correlated with ultrasound measured epidural depth. We hypothesized that measurements such as midarm and subscapular fatpad thicknesses and length of cervical spine may correlate better with ultrasound measured epidural depth than a global measure of BMI.

Methods

Prospective IRB approved study of term pregnant women requiring neuraxial block. We measured height, weight (BMI, kg/m2), subscapular, midarm fatpad thickness (digital caliper, mm), vertebral column length (C7 to sacral hiatus, cm) and epidural depth (ultrasound, mm). Four experts assessed photographs to assign anticipated difficult neuraxial block in sitting and lateral positions (5‐point Likert scale, 1 = very easy, 5 = very difficult).

Results

In all, 131 women completed body habitus measurements. Measured mean (standard deviation) BMI was 30.3 (5.4) kg/m2. Measured BMI, subscapular fatpad and midarm fatpad thickness were significantly correlated with ultrasound depth to epidural space (R2 0.733, 0.626 and 0.633, respectively, P < .0001) but vertebral column length was not. The experts had a high level of agreement (Cronbach's alpha >0.7) for assessment of anticipated difficult block in the sitting and lateral positions; however, anticipated difficult block was not correlated with epidural depth measured by ultrasound for sitting position, R2 = −0.015, P = .87; and lateral position, R2 = −0.087, P = .33.

Conclusions

Measurements of body habitus and fat distribution were no better than measured BMI to anticipate greater ultrasound measured depth to epidural space.

Clinical trial number: Non‐interventional observational study, not registered.
Raciontologies: Rethinking Anthropological Accounts of Institutional Racism and Enactments of White Supremacy in the United States
Authors: Rosa Jonathan , Díaz Vanessa
Published: December 2019

This article presents a theory of raciontologies—the fundamentally racialized grounding of various states of being—that sheds light on complex forms of institutional racism and white supremacy. We are interested in exploring not only how institutional contexts and processes function as sites or vehicles for the reproduction of white supremacy but more specifically how institutions become endowed with the capacity to act in their own right. This approach represents a raciontological perspective that attends to the central role that race plays in constituting modern subjects and objects in relation to particular states of being. Raciolontologies powerfully shape how entities become endowed with the capacity to engage in particular acts, while also conditioning perceptions, experiences, and material groundings of reality. Our theorization of raciontologies combines anthropological analyses of institutional racism and ontologies beyond the human. These analyses point to the role of institutions in the reproduction of white supremacy and reimagine the range of entities capable of action, respectively. The broader goal is to suggest how new ways of understanding the raciontological nature of institutional enactments of white supremacy can inform antiracist theories of change. [race, ontology, institutional racism, white supremacy]
The role of levonorgestrel intra‐uterine system in the management of adenomyosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Samy Ahmed , Atwa Khaled , Ghoneim Hanan M. , Lotfy Mariam , Saber Mohammed Heba , Abdellah Asmaa M. , El Bahie Amira M. , Aboelroose Ahmed A. , El Gedawy Asmaa M. , Mostafa Mona , Elsenity Mohamed A. , Samy Mohammed , Safwat Sarah , Abdelrahman Rehab M. , Salah El Din Adel S. , Badran Esraa , Abdelkader Abdelrahman M. , Abdallah Ameer
Published: December 2019

Introduction

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) is a long‐acting hormone‐releasing uterine device that has many non‐contraceptive benefits. The study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of LNG‐IUS in the management of adenomyosis.

Material and methods

We searched the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and Google Scholar for the relevant studies which used LNG‐IUS in management of patients with clinically or ultrasonographic diagnosed adenomyosis.The main outcome measures are pain score at the end of follow‐up, bleeding, symptomatic relief, uterine volume (mL), endometrial thickness (mm) and/or hemoglobin level.

Results

Ten prospective studies (patients n = 551) were included. The overall effect estimates showed that the LNG‐IUS led to significant reductions in pain score after 12 months (standardized mean difference [SMD[ −3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] −5.51 to −2.23, P < .001), 24 months (SMD −5.56, 95% CI −9.80 to −1.32, P = .01) and 36 months of insertion (SMD −3.81, 95% CI −4.27 to −3.36, P < .001). Similarly, the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) showed significant reduction up to 36 months after LNG‐IUS insertion (SMD −2.32, 95% CI −2.91 to −1.73, P < .001). The LNG‐IUS led to significant reductions in the uterine volume 12 months (SMD −.60, 95% CI −0.88 to −.31, P < .001) and 36 months after insertion (SMD −0.42, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.14, P = .003).

Conclusions

LNG‐IUS is a promising and effective option for the management of adenomyosis. Its use effectively reduced the severity of symptoms, uterine volume and endometrial thickness, and improved laboratory outcomes.
Seeking for potential pathogenic genes of major depressive disorder in the Gene Expression Omnibus database
Authors: Feng Jianfei , Zhou Qing , Gao Wenquan , Wu Yanying , Mu Ruibin
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify potential pathological genes in MDD.

Methods

We searched and downloaded gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MDD. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, Gene Ontology analysis, and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network were applied to investigate the biological function of identified DEGs. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and a published dataset were used to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis.

Results

A total of 514 DEGs were identified in MDD. In the PPI network, some hub genes with high degrees were identified, such as EEF2, RPL26L1, RPLP0, PRPF8, LSM3, DHX9, RSRC1, and AP2B1. The result of in vitro validation of RPL26L1, RSRC1, TOMM20L, RPLPO, PRPF8, AP2B1, STIP1, and C5orf45 was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Electronic validation of C5orf45, STIP1, PRPF8, AP2B1, and SLC35E1 was consistent with the bioinformatics analysis.

Discussion

The deregulated genes could be used as potential pathological factors of MDD. In addition, EEF2, RPL26L1, RPLP0, PRPF8, LSM3, DHX9, RSRC1, and AP2B1 might be therapeutic targets for MDD.
Environmental correlates of leguminosae species richness in Mexico: Quantifying the contributions of energy and environmental seasonality
Authors: Arenas‐Navarro Maribel , Téllez‐Valdés Oswaldo , López‐Segoviano Gabriel , Murguía‐Romero Miguel , Tello J. Sebastián
Published: December 2019

Explaining species richness patterns is a central issue in ecology, but a general explanation remains elusive. Environmental conditions have been proposed to be important drivers of these patterns, but we still need to better understand the relative contribution of environmental factors. Here, we aim at testing two environmental hypotheses for richness gradients: energy availability and environmental seasonality using diversity patterns of the family Leguminosae across Mexico. We compiled a data base of 502 species and 32,962 records. After dividing Mexico into 100 × 100 km grid cells, we constructed a map of variation in species richness that accounts for heterogeneity in sampling effort. We found the cells with the highest species richness of legumes are in the Neotropical region of Pacific coastal and southern Mexico, where the legume family dominates the tropical rain forests and seasonally dry tropical forests. Regression models show that energy and seasonality predictors can explain 25% and 49% of the variation in richness, respectively. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that richness has a strong spatial structure, but that most of this structure disappears when both energy and seasonality are used to account for richness gradient. Our study demonstrates multiple environmental conditions contribute complementarily to explain diversity gradients. Moreover, it shows that in some regions, environmental seasonality can be more important than energy availability, contradicting studies at coarser spatial scales. More basic taxonomic and floristic work is needed to help describe patterns of diversity for many groups to allow for testing the underlying mechanisms responsible for diversity gradients.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Environmental and spatial effects on coastal stream fishes in the Atlantic rain forest
Authors: Gonçalves Cristina da Silva , Holt Robert Dan , Christman Mary C. , Casatti Lilian
Published: December 2019

Contemporary and historical factors influence assemblage structure. The environmental and spatial influences acting on fish organization of rain forest coastal streams in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil were examined. Fish (and functional traits such as morphology, diet, velocity preference, body size), environmental variables (pH, water conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, stream width, flow, depth, substrate), and altitude were measured from 59 stream reaches. Asymmetric eigenvector maps were used to model the spatial structure considering direction of fish movements. Elevation played an important role—fish abundance, biomass, and richness all decrease with increasing elevation. Fish communities are influenced by both environmental and spatial factors, but downstream movements were shown to be more important in explaining the observed spatial variation than were bidirectional and upstream movements. Spatial factors, as well as environmental variables influenced by the spatial structure, explained most of the variation in fish assemblages. The strong spatial structuring is probably attributable to asymmetric dispersal limitation along the altitudinal profile: Dispersal is likely to be more limiting moving upstream than downstream. These fish assemblages reflect scale‐dependent processes: At the stream‐reach scale, fish respond to local environmental filters (habitat structure, water chemistry, and food supply), which are in turn influenced by a larger scale, namely the altitudinal gradient expected in steep coastal mountains. Thus, environmental drivers are not independent of spatial factors, and the effects of local factors can be confounded across the altitudinal gradient. These results may have implications for conservation, because downstream reaches are often neglected in management and conservation plans.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
A case of molecularly confirmed BAP1 inactivated melanocytic tumor with retention of immunohistochemical expression: A confounding factor
Authors: Linos Konstantinos , Atkinson Aaron E. , Yan Shaofeng , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Lefferts Joel A.
Published: December 2019

BRCA1‐associated Protein 1 (BAP1)‐inactivated melanocytic nevi/tumors (BIMT) have distinct morphologic features. A typical case exhibits a biphasic population of cytologically bland conventional melanocytes and a second proliferation of larger epithelioid melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The vast majority of cases harbor BRAF V600E in both components with bi‐allelic inactivation of BAP1 in the epithelioid component by various molecular mechanisms resulting in loss of nuclear protein expression, which can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. We present a case of BIMT with histopathologic features highly suggestive of this entity but unexpected retention of nuclear expression of the BAP1 protein. Subsequent molecular tests showed heterozygous loss of the BAP1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p21.1) by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and a suspected c.505C>T p.H169Y pathogenic variant identified by DNA sequencing that was subsequently confirmed by primer‐specific SNaPshot mini‐sequencing. In light of the heterozygous deletion of BAP1, this variant in the remaining allele encodes a catalytically inactive BAP1 mutant protein as shown in functional studies. The presence of a nonfunctional allele within the nucleus combined with a heterozygous deletion of BAP1 explains the clear and characteristic BIMT morphology observed by histopathology. This case underlines the potential importance of molecular diagnostics when protein expression studies do not correlate with morphology.
Attachment of a migrated MitraClip to the left ventricular apex: A novel case report
Authors: Nagai Mirei , Kurokawa Satoshi , Ozaki Makoto , Nomura Minoru
Published: December 2019

Herein, we report a novel case of emergency surgical mitral valve replacement for severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) following MitraClip implantation (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). Recurrent MR was caused because of the migration of the clip due to the destruction of the mitral valve leaflets with Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. Intra‐operative transesophageal echocardiography revealed that the clip was stuck to the left ventricular apex. Although the device could not be removed surgically, surgical repair of the valve enabled the patient to recover without any further complications.
Social anxiety in young people with first‐episode psychosis: Pilot study of the EMBRACE moderated online social intervention
Authors: McEnery Carla , Lim Michelle H. , Knowles Ann , Rice Simon , Gleeson John , Howell Simmone , Russon Penni , Miles Chris , D'Alfonso Simon , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario
Published: December 2019

Aim

We conducted a single‐group pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a novel online intervention (entitled EMBRACE) that includes expert and peer moderation, therapeutic comics and social networking features. The cognitive‐behavioural‐based intervention was specifically designed to treat social anxiety as a primary treatment target in youth with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).

Methods

The 10 participants (17‐26 years; Mage = 23 years) had a diagnosis of FEP and experienced significant levels of social anxiety as defined by exceeding a sub‐threshold clinical score (>30) on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). They had access to the EMBRACE intervention for 2 months.

Results

In total, seven out of ten participants completed eight modules or more (total of 12 modules). All participants rated the intervention as positive and safe, and endorsed recommending it to others who experience social anxiety. Improvement in pre‐post social anxiety symptoms, as measured via the SIAS (d = −1.70, P = .0005) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (d = −1.35, P = .002) were found. No statistically significant pre‐post improvements were found for depressive or loneliness symptoms.

Conclusion

EMBRACE was shown to be a feasible, acceptable, and safe online intervention to specifically target social anxiety as a primary treatment concern in young people with FEP.
Innovations in financing: The impact of anchor investors in Indian IPOs
Authors: Bhattacharya Arnab , Chakrabarti Binay Bhushan , Ghosh Chinmoy , Petrova Milena
Published: December 2019

In 2009, the Securities Exchange Board of India allowed qualified institutional investors to anchor initial public offerings (IPOs) by participating in the issue at a price and allocation publicly disclosed preceding the issue. We study anchor investors (AIs) in Indian IPOs during 2009–2017. We find the share allotment and the number of AIs separately have significant impacts on valuation and underpricing; however, the net effect is nonsignificant. Further, AIs significantly influence other institutional investors' participation in the IPO and induce lower aftermarket volatility. Overall, our evidence suggests that AIs boost demand for and mitigate ex ante information uncertainty of IPOs.
Neither core nor periphery: The search for competitive advantage in the automotive semi‐periphery
Authors: Mordue Greig , Sweeney Brendan
Published: December 2019

This article examines a heretofore underexplored category of automotive‐producing nation known as the semi‐periphery. These nations are neither “core” automotive nations whose power derives from hosting headquarters of major automakers, nor are they low‐cost members of the automotive “integrated periphery” like Mexico or countries in Central and Eastern Europe or North Africa. Through a case study of one semi‐periphery country, Canada, the paper assesses automotive semi‐periphery countries' capacity to transition to knowledge‐based activities more typically associated with “core” automotive nations. In so doing, it raises implications for other “semi‐periphery” automotive‐producing nations as well as those currently categorized as “core” or “integrated periphery.”
Case Report: New‐Onset Retinal Migraine After Transseptal Catheterization
Authors: Richmond Lynn , Schneider Ralph P. , Steffel Jan , Sandor Peter S. , Tarnutzer Alexander A.
Published: December 2019

Background

While new‐onset migraine headaches and binocular visual aura have been reported after transseptal catheterization (TSC), this case suggests that retinal aura may emerge also after this procedure.

Case Description

This 38‐year‐old male with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had received TSC and cryoablation, and subsequently developed isolated monocular aura phenomena. The first episode happened a few hours after the intervention and was not accompanied by headache or other aura phenomena. The patient’s history was negative for migraine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 2 lacunar diffusion restrictions in the left medial cerebral artery territory that were most likely catheterization related. Over the next 14 days, 3 additional, stereotyped episodes (duration = 20‐30 minutes) with zigzag lines and flickering small bright dots in the central visual field of one eye (moving laterally) occurred. A central scotoma was noted during one episode.

Conclusions

This is the first case with retinal aura phenomena meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine, suggesting that this rare migraine variant can be triggered by TSC.
Synthesis of the ternary metal carbide solid‐solution ceramics by polymer‐derived‐ceramic route
Authors: Liu Honghua , Du Bin , Chu Yanhui
Published: December 2019

The polymer‐derived‐ceramic (PDC) route has been widely used to fabricate the transition‐metal carbides (TMCs). Previously reported works focused mainly on the synthesis of the single or binary TMCs, while the synthesis of the ternary or more component TMCs was rarely reported. Herein, a class of the ternary TMCs, namely (Nb1/3Zr1/3Ta1/3)C solid‐solution ceramics, was successfully synthesized via PDC route for the first time. The as‐synthesized ceramics exhibited the particle‐like morphology with an average particle size of ~250 nm and showed a single rock‐salt crystal structure of metal carbides. At the same time, they had high compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. In addition, they possessed low‐oxygen impurity content of 0.79 wt% and moderate‐carbon impurity content of 8.98 wt%. Such work provides a novel route to fabricate the ternary or more component TMCs.
Integrating univariate niche dynamics in species distribution models: A step forward for marine research on biological invasions
Authors: D’Amen Manuela , Azzurro Ernesto
Published: December 2019

Aim

The development of approaches to predict the distribution and potential expansion of invasive species is still an open challenge. Here our goal is to improve the modelling procedure for marine invaders by coupling Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with an analysis of their univariate niche dynamics. In particular, we tested for the first time whether choosing model predictors among the stable niche dimensions was effective in improving predictions of invasive species expansion.

Location

Mediterranean Sea.

Taxon

Dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus.

Methods

We analysed the univariate niche dynamics for S. luridus across its native and invaded ranges, by applying a standardized framework that allowed the identification of cases of niche stability or shift. We compared inter‐range transferability of SDMs fitted with different combinations of labile or stable predictors. Finally, we evaluated interactions in SDM settings (calibration area, model technique and predictors set) on models’ predictive ability, using independent data from the most recent phase of invasion.

Results

We detected a pattern of niche stability for several variables, especially salinity and bathymetry, which positively influenced model inter‐ranges transferability: when the models calibrated in the native range include only stable niche axes, predictive ability is improved. We also identified a shift towards lower surface temperatures in the introduced range, which were almost never experienced by the species before invasion. The model calibrated within the combined ranges was the most ecologically congruent. Also, models calibrated in the invaded range allowed a correct prediction of range expansion, with the predicted suitable areas only slightly underestimated.

Main conclusions

We provide the first evidence that using conserved predictors in SDMs improves inter‐range projections of expanding invasive species. Variable selection, calibration area and modelling technique all matter when modelling invasive species, with important interaction effects. We provide guidelines on how to improve SDMs applications in biological invasion research.
Spatial dynamics of alpine tree lines under global warming: What explains the mismatch between tree densification and elevational upward shifts at the tree line ecotone?
Authors: Feuillet Thierry , Birre Déborah , Milian Johan , Godard Vincent , Clauzel Céline , Serrano‐Notivoli Roberto
Published: December 2019

Aim

Most studies focusing on the alpine tree line responses to climate warming have used either the tree densification within the ecotone or its elevational upshift as indicators. However, it is acknowledged that the relationship between densification and upshift is spatially heterogeneous, making inferences and comparability among studies tricky. The lack of consistent empirical evidence on this potential mismatch and its drivers leads us to focus on this issue in this study. The aim was twofold: (a) to quantify the mismatch between the two processes at a regional scale, and (b) to identify its site‐specific determinants.

Taxon

Pinus uncinata (Ramond ex DC.)

Location

French eastern Pyrenees.

Methods

An object‐oriented supervised classification procedure was performed on historical (1953) and current (2015) aerial photographs. Based on the resulting rasters, densification of the tree line ecotone and upward shift of the tree line were estimated at the two dates in 191 sites, then standardized, before finally being compared. Three site clusters were derived (no mismatch, densification prevalence and upshift prevalence). After having characterized their spatial patterns through join count statistics, a multinomial logistic regression model was computed to identify the correlates of these clusters among a list of site variables.

Results

No spatial pattern among the categories of responses emerges at a local scale, but buffers with no mismatch tend to aggregate at a larger scale. Changes in minimum air temperatures, site elevation, mean slope, slope morphometry and lithology appear as significant drivers of the observed mismatch, implying that the relationship between densification and elevational upshift is context specific.

Main conclusions

Our findings suggest that both densification and upshift should be considered in quantitative analyses of tree line spatial dynamics, since these two ecological processes are not controlled by the same drivers.
2019 Chinese Hypertension League guidelines on home blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Wang Ji‐Guang , Bu Pei‐Li , Chen Lu‐Yuan , Chen Xin , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Cheng Wen‐Li , Chu Shao‐Li , Cui Zhao‐Qiang , Dai Qiu‐Yan , Feng Ying‐Qing , Jiang Xiong‐Jing , Jiang Yi‐Nong , Li Wei‐Hua , Li Yan , Li Yong , Lin Jin‐Xiu , Liu Jing , Mu Jian‐Jun , Peng Ying‐Xin , Song Lei , Sun Ning‐Ling , Wang Yan , Xi Yang , Xie Liang‐Di , Xue Hao , Yu Jing , Yu Wei , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Zhu Zhi‐Ming
Published: December 2019

In China, automated blood pressure monitors have been readily available for home use. Home blood pressure monitoring has been indispensable in the management of hypertension. There is therefore a need to establish guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring on the basis of the 2012 consensus document. In this guidelines document, the committee put forward recommendations on the selection and calibration of blood pressure measuring devices, the frequency (times) and duration (days) of blood pressure measurement, and the diagnostic threshold of home blood pressure.
Spousal metabolic risk factors and incident hypertension: A longitudinal cohort study in Iran
Authors: Ramezankhani Azra , Guity Kamran , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad
Published: December 2019

We investigated the association between metabolic risk factors in one spouse with incident hypertension in the other. Study sample included 1528 men and 1649 women aged ≥20 years from the Tehran lipid and glucose study with information on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated for the association of spousal metabolic factors and incident hypertension among men and women separately. A total of 604 and 566 cases of incident hypertension were observed in men and women, respectively. Among men, spousal DM was associated with a 40% (CI: 1.07‐1.83) excess risk of hypertension after adjusting for the men's own and their spouse's risk factors including BMI, DM, smoking, and physical activity level. Among women, spousal DM was associated with more than two times (2.11, 1.69‐2.63) higher risk of hypertension. After further adjustment for the women's own and their spouse's risk factors, the association was attenuated and remained marginally significant (1.25, 0.99‐1.58; P value = .053). Having a spouse with DM increases an individual's risk of hypertension, which raises the possibility of using preexisting information of one partner to guide the screening of the other partner.
Changes in brain peptides associated with reproduction and energy homeostasis: Putative roles of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone‐II and tyrosine hydroxylase in determining reproductive performance in response to daily food availability times in diurnal zebra finches
Authors: Mishra Ila , Agarwal Neha , Prabhat Abhilash , Batra Twinkle , Bhardwaj Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Vinod
Published: December 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated ‘quality‐quantity’ trade‐offs with daily food availability times in zebra finches. Compared with food access ad lib., zebra finch pairs with restricted food access for 4 hours in the morning produced poor quality offspring, whereas those with the same food access in the evening produced fewer but better quality offspring. The present study investigated whether food‐time‐dependent differential effects on reproductive performance involved brain peptides associated with reproduction and energy homeostasis in zebra finches. We measured peptide/protein expression of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)‐I, GnRH‐II, gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine‐ and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) and ZENK (a neuronal activation marker) by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of genes coding for the type 2 (DIO2) and type 3 (DIO3) deiodinase by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in male and female zebra finches that were paired and kept under a 12:12 hour light/dark photocycle at 24 ± 2°C temperature for > 12 months with access to food ad lib., or for only 4 hours in the morning or evening. In both sexes, GnRH‐I, DIO2 and DIO3 expression did not differ significantly between the three feeding conditions, although levels showed an overall food effect. However, in males, GnIH expression was significantly higher in evening‐fed birds compared to ad lib. fed birds. Interestingly, GnRH‐II and TH levels were significantly lower in restricted feeding compared to the ad lib. group and, importantly, GnRH‐II and TH‐immunoreactivity levels were negatively and positively correlated with egg laying latency and reproductive success (offspring/brood/pair), respectively. At the same time, we found no effect on the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART) peptides, or ZENK protein (ie, the neuronal activity marker). These results suggest the involvement of reproductive neuropeptides, with putative roles for GnRH‐II and TH, in the food‐time‐dependent effect on reproductive performance, albeit with subtle sex differences, in diurnal zebra finches, which possess the ability to reproduce year‐round, in a manner similar to other continuously breeding vertebrates.
Complications of botulinum toxin and fillers: A narrative review
Authors: Kassir Martin , Gupta Mrinal , Galadari Hassan , Kroumpouzos George , Katsambas Andreas , Lotti Torello , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Grabbe Stephan , Juchems Eva , Goldust Mohamad
Published: December 2019

Background

Cosmetic surgery and esthetic procedures have become a billion dollar industry owing to the ever‐growing demand of the population to stay young. The injectable treatments including fillers and botulinum toxin have become highly popular because of their quick, predictable and lasting results in the management of facial wrinkles and rejuvenation. Although these treatment modalities are relatively safe, they are associated with certain side effects.

Aims

In this review, we will focus on the complications of fillers and botulinum toxin.

Patients/Methods

The literature research considered published journal articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles available in English were considered for this review.

Results

Brow ptosis and asymmetry are common adverse effects of botulinum toxin while the most common adverse effects associated with fillers are the local injection related effects manifesting as erythema, edema, pain, and ecchymosis.

Conclusion

It is important that the treating physician is well verse with the various fillers and botulinum toxin complications and their management as some of the complications can be severely debilitating.
Nonsurgical jawline rejuvenation using injectable fillers
Authors: Vazirnia Aria , Braz André , Fabi Sabrina G.
Published: December 2019

Background

A well‐defined jawline is a critical component in the perception of facial attractiveness in both men and women. Dermal fillers offer a nonsurgical, temporary method of correcting mild‐to‐moderate mandibular bone resorption.

Aims

The authors discuss pertinent aspects of anatomy, pathophysiology of aging, patient evaluation, gender considerations, injection technique, and complications in jawline augmentation using injectable fillers.

Methods

A brief review of the literature surrounding jawline augmentation using injectable fillers in both men and women, as well as the authors’ experience in this area, is provided.

Results

Nonsurgical jawline augmentation using injectable fillers can be performed effectively and safely with adequate background knowledge of the regional anatomy and appropriate patient selection. The authors discuss both injection techniques in the published literature and their own approach. Potential complications are also reviewed.

Conclusion

Jawline rejuvenation is a key component to global facial aesthetic rejuvenation. Therefore, it is important for physicians to understand how to safely and effectively perform nonsurgical jawline rejuvenation using injectable fillers.
An open‐label, randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of the Orve + wrap®versus Forced Air Warming in restoring normothermia in the postanaesthetic care unit
Authors: Smith Neil , Abernethy Caroline , Allgar Victoria , Foster Louise , Martinson Victoria , Stones Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Aims and objectives

To determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of the Orve + wrap® thermal blanket.

Background

Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is a common problem in postanaesthetic care units and can have significant effects on patients’ postoperative morbidity. Despite its commercial availability, there is no clinical evidence on the effectiveness of Orve + wrap®.

Design

A single centre prospective, open‐label, noninferiority randomised controlled trial.

Methods

Postoperative hypothermic (35.0–35.9°C) patients who had undergone elective surgery were randomised to receive either Orve + wrap® or Forced Air Warming during their PACU stay. Patient temperatures were recorded every 10 min using zero‐heat‐flux thermometry. This study is reported using CONSORT Extension checklist for noninferiority and equivalence trials.

Results

Between December 2016–October 2018, 129 patients were randomised to receive either Orve + wrap® blanket (n = 65, 50.3%) or Forced Air Warming (n = 64, 49.7%). The mean 60‐min postoperative temperature of patients receiving Orve + wrap® blanket was 36.2 and 36.3°C for the patients receiving Forced Air Warming. The predefined noninferiority margin of a mean difference in temperature of 0.3°C was not reached between the groups at 60 min. Additionally, there were no statistical differences between adverse event rates across these groups.

Conclusions

In the context of this study, warming patients with the Orve + wrap® was noninferior to Forced Air Warming. There were comparable rates of associated postoperative consequences of warming (shivering, hypotension, arrhythmias or surgical site infections),between the groups.

Relevance to clinical practice

The Orve + wrap® potentially provides an alternative warming method to Forced Air Warming for patients requiring short‐term postoperative warming. However, there are still a number of unknowns regarding the Orve + wrap® performance and further exploration is required.