bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotional Efforts of Pharmaceutical Industries on Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics among Medical Doctors in Nepal
Authors: Napit Prabhat Ranjan
Published: August 2018

Promotional efforts of pharmaceutical industries on prescribing pattern of antibiotics among doctors in Nepal” has been chosen as a topic for research to resolve certain queries among physicians’ behavior, particularly drug prescribing patterns as the influence of promotional approaches of pharmaceutical industry. The main objective of this research is to ascertain the various promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries of Nepal and find out its effects on prescribing pattern among physician in case of antibiotics along with rationality of prescription.

For this study, data are collected both from primary as well as secondary sources. 225 sample size is taken from 4 districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Kavre) to represent the country and convenient quota sampling is used to select the sample. The data are collected manually as the questionnaire is designed. From the data analysis, it is found that there is significant relationship between promotional efforts towards qualification of doctors and cost of antibiotics is considered as prioritized reason as well. And there is no significant relationship between patient compliance/ better quality among alternatives/ obligation (as a compensation of efforts)/ availability/ appearances as prioritized reason and promotional activities on qualification of doctors. Furthermore, there is significant relationship between influence of detailing/ gift/ monetary incentives/ trip and tours on prescribing pattern and rational prescription of antibiotics and no significant relationship between influence of samples and bonus on prescribing pattern and rational prescription of antibiotics.

Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 201-214
IMPLEMENTATION THE MECHANISM OF ECOLOGIZATION OF THE UKRAINIAN INNOVATION ACTIVITY: STATE AND REGIONAL DIMENSION OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Martyniuk O.M.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the results of Ukraine for part of the Global Innovation Competitiveness Index. The analysis of the current state of innovative development of regions is carried out. The study notes that in Ukraine, organizational and economic mechanism for stimulating innovation in relation to the ecologization of the economy is practically not involved. Its implementation in economic activity involves introduction and implementation of the principles of rational nature management and minimization of negative impact on environmental objects in the implementation of anthropogenic activities. Author has proved that: innovation processes in industry are mainly extensive; new types of products are mastered mainly through usage of scientific and technological achievements of previous years. The article proves that: this type of innovation development has narrow boundaries and will not allow maintaining the competitiveness of domestic enterprises for a long time; the investment process in Ukraine does not fulfill the function of facilitating updating of the production base on an innovative basis. Author notes that the main problems related to the regulatory action of legislation in the field of scientific and technological and innovation development in Ukraine are: lack of own long-term programs for the development of national economy based on innovation; non-compliance with provisions of the law; unsystematic legislation; lack of mechanisms for implementing the priorities of scientific and technical and innovation activities; complexity and long-term decision-making procedure; lack of effective anticorruption mechanisms; lack of integrated application of mechanisms of state influence (financial, credit, tax, etc.) for achievement of certain priorities; suspension and cancellation of mechanisms for supporting scientific and technical activities; absence of coordinated activity of the executive authorities aimed at the country's innovative development. Tendencies were studied and a set of measures aimed at stimulating the process of ecologization of innovation activity at the state and regional levels was proposed. In the article features of introduction of mechanism of ecologization of innovation activity are investigated. The article states that effective implementation of the policy of ecologization of innovation activity is possible only under conditions of integrated implementation of the adaptive mechanism of ecologization of innovation activity at the state, regional and local levels. The priorities of introduction of adaptive mechanism of ecologization of innovation activity of Ukraine are determined. The study has proved that the goals, ideas and strategies of economic and social development of Ukraine should be taken into account when constructing a model of sustainable regional development. The result of the implementation of this Strategy is the formation of a strong state and the activation of its regulatory function.
INSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT IMPROVING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN CONN�CTION WITH PROPERTY REALIZATION ON NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors: Martienko A.I. , Khymarova N.I.
Published: August 2018

This publication is defined institutional framework for development of tourism state management and recreational activities on the basis of property relations on natural resources. Public administration institutions of tourist activities and recreational natural resources are analyzed. Positive and negative aspects in state management of natural resources and tourist activities are defined. The institutional principles of public administration development of recreation and tourism activity and ownership relations on the natural resources, that provide it, are offered. State structures authorized on behalf of the people in the disposal of recreation and tourist natural resources does not define effective forms and ownership of recreational and tourist natural resources and the appropriateness of changing the forms required socio-economic and ecological restrictions on property forms. For developing institutional foundations of property relations on recreation and tourist natural resources offered to refer follows:
- formation special state policy according to the development ownership forms on natural recreation resources, with the definition of the resources that can only be in state ownership and those that may be in the different forms of appropriation and used by different business entities;
- implementation by public authorities acceptable forms and ownership on recreation and tourist natural resources with taking into consideration their social significance, uniqueness and determination of the basis of natural recreational resources;
- improvement of the legal framework concerning the implementation of different forms of ownership on recreation and tourist natural resources that occur between the state, owners, users and third parties;
- contract relations development between the state and the owner of the natural resources on any right of ownership on natural resources.
Unsealing the Choice Wine at the Family Reunion
Authors: Hatcher John
Published: August 2018

Bahá’í scripture portrays human progress as propelled by two distinct but inextricably related capacities: independently acquired knowledge coupled with social action. A complementary ingredients of one integral process, this dynamic relationship is symbolized in the Bahá’í revelation by The Kitáb-i-Íqán, the principal doctrinal work and The Kitáb-i-Aqdas, the means by which that doctrine becomes expressed in action. Shoghi Effendi states that the resulting changes wrought by the World Order of Bahá’u’lláh should be regarded as “the furthermost limits in the organization of human society.” The revelation of The Kitáb-i-Aqdas thus heralds the reunion of the human family and the fulfillment of various widely regarded prophecies about such an event: the marriage of the bride with the bridegroom, the New Jerusalem descended from heaven, and the unsealing of the “choice sealed wine.”
Introduction
Authors: Mayblin Maya , Malara Diego
Published: August 2018

Questions of discipline are, today, no less ubiquitous than when under Foucault’s renowned scrutiny, but what does ‘discipline’ in diverse religious systems actually entail? In this article, we take ‘lenience’ rather than discipline as a starting point and compare its potential, both structural and ideological, in religious contexts where disciplinary flexibility shores up greater encompassing projects of moral perfectionism as opposed to those contexts in which disciplinary flexibility is a defining feature in its own right. We argue that lenience provides religious systems with a vital flexibility that is necessary to their reproduction and adaptation to the world. By taking a ‘systems’ perspective on ethnographic discussions of religious worlds, we proffer fresh observations on recent debates within the anthropology of religion on ‘ethics’, ‘failure’, and the nature of religious subjects.
Book Review
Authors: Stroeken Koen
Published: August 2018

Steven Robins, Letters of Stone: From Nazi Germany to South Africa
(Cape Town: Penguin Random House, 2016), 314 pp. Paperback, $16.15.
ISBN 9781776090242.
Greater ultrasonographic changes in pediatric moyamoya patients compared with adults after indirect revascularization surgeries
Authors: Yeh Shin-Joe , Tang Sung-Chun , Tsai Li-Kai , Lee Chung-Wei , Chen Ya-Fang , Liu Hon-Man , Yang Shih-Hung , Hsieh Yu-Lin , Kuo Meng-Fai , Jeng Jiann-Shing
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease experience similar clinical benefits from indirect revascularization surgeries, but there are still debates about age-related angiographic differences of the collaterals established after surgery. The goal of this study was to assess age-related differences on ultrasonography before and after indirect revascularization surgeries in moyamoya patients, focusing on some ultrasonographic parameters known to be correlated with the collaterals supplied by the external carotid artery (ECA).

METHODS

The authors prospectively included moyamoya patients (50 and 26 hemispheres in pediatric and adult patients, respectively) who would undergo indirect revascularization surgery. Before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, the patients underwent ultrasonographic examinations. The ultrasonographic parameters included peak-systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and flow volume (FV) measured in the ECA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and internal carotid artery on the operated side. The mean values, absolute changes, and percentage changes of these parameters were compared between the pediatric and adult patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the determinants affecting postoperative EDV changes in the STA.

RESULTS

Before surgery, the adult patients had mean higher EDV and lower RI in the STA and ECA than the pediatric group (all p < 0.05). After surgery, the pediatric patients had greater changes (absolute and percentage changes) in the PSV, EDV, RI, and FV in the STA and ECA (all p < 0.05). The factors affecting postoperative EDV changes in the STA at 6 months were age (p = 0.006) and size of the revascularization area (i.e., revascularization in more than the temporal region vs within the temporal region; p = 0.009). Pediatric patients who received revascularization procedures in more than the temporal region had higher velocities (PSV and EDV) in the STA than those who received revascularization within the temporal region (p < 0.05 at 1–6 months), but such differences were not observed in the adult group.

CONCLUSIONS

The greater changes of these parameters in the STA and ECA in pediatric patients than in adults after indirect revascularization surgeries indicated that pediatric patients might have a greater increase of collaterals postoperatively than adults. Pediatric patients who undergo revascularization in more than the temporal region might have more collaterals than those who undergo revascularization within the temporal region.
BIJI BUAH BISBUL (Diospyros blancoi) SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN Cr(III)
Authors: Ariesta Nina , Rifansyah Risansyah , Arrisujaya Dian , Maslahat Mamay
Published: August 2018

Velvet Apple Fruit Seeds (Diospyros blancoi) as Biosorbent of Cr(III)          Velvet Apple Fruit (Diospyros blancoi) has not been explored more in Indonesia. The purpose of research was to explore the use of Velvet Apple Fruit seeds as adsobent of Cr(III) in waste. Biosorbent of velvet apple fruit seeds in removing Cr (III) metal ions has been investigated using batch method. Several parameters were used to determine absorption optimum conditions such as solution pH, contact time and biosorbent dosage. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used in determining biosorption equilibrium. FTIR and SEM-EDX were used to characterize the velvet apple fruit seeds biosorbent. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms showed the velvet apple fruit seeds biosorbent had a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.592 mg/g. The adsorption efficiency of Cr (III) ion by velvet apple fruit seeds was 81.78%. The results showed that velvet apple fruit seeds potentially as an alternative low-cost biosorbent for removing heavy metal ions in solution.Keywords: biosorption, heavy metals, alternative biosorbent, waste water treatmentABSTRAK          Buah bisbul di Indonesia belum tereksplor dengan baik potensinya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk megetahui potensi biji buah Bisbul sebagai adsorben logam Cr(III) pada limbah. Biosorben biji buah bisbul (Diospyros blancoi) dalam menyerap ion logam Cr(III) telah diteliti dengan menggunakan metode batch. Beberapa parameter digunakan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum penyerapan seperti pH larutan, waktu kontak dan dosis biosorben. Model isoterm Langmuir, Freundlich dan Temkin dipakai dalam menentukan kesetimbangan biosorpsi. FTIR dan SEM-EDX digunakan dalam mengkarakterisasi biosorben biji buah bisbul. Isoterm adsorpsi kesetimbangan menunjukkan biosorben biji buah bisbul mempunyai kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum 5,592 mg/g. Efisiensi penyerapan ion Cr(III) oleh biji buah bisbul mencapai 81,78%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biji buah bisbul berpotensi sebagai alternatif biosorben murah dalam menghilangkan ion logam berat dalam larutan.Kata kunci: biosorpsi, logam berat, alternatif biosorben, pengolahan air limbah
OPTIMASI SUHU PENGERINGAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN OVEN TERHADAP MUTU LADA HITAM DAN LADA PUTIH BUBUK
Authors: Sutamihardja RTM , Yuliani Nia , Rosani Oktavio
Published: August 2018

Optimization of Drying Temperature Using Oven on Quality of Black Pepper and White Pepper Powder           Pepper (Piper Nigrum L) is an Indonesian spice plant widely used for export and import activity. The post-harvest process of pepper affected the quality, especially on the drying process. One of secondary metabolite compound is piperin. Piperin is an active substance of alkaloid group giving a distinctive spicy flavor to the pepper. Drying process by using the oven could improve the quality of pepper. The results showed that the optimum temperature for white pepper was 85° C for 20 minutes with the water content of 10.65%, total mold/yeast was 1 x 104 colony/g, and piperin content of 4.58%. For Black pepper, the optimum temperature was at 105° C for 20 minutes with the moisture content of 7.84%, total mold/yeast was 1.3 x 104 colony/g and piperin 5,01%.Keywords: White Pepper, Black Pepper, Piperin Content.ABSTRAK           Lada (Piper Nigrum L) adalah tanaman rempah Indonesia yang banyak digunakan untuk ekspor dan impor. Proses pasca panen lada yang tidak maksimal menyebabkan kualitas menurun. Lada memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa piperin. Piperin adalah zat aktif golongan alkoloid yang memberikan cita rasa pedas khas pada lada. Pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven mampu meningkatkan mutu lada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan suhu optimum untuk pengovenan lada putih adalah 85°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 10,65 %, AKK 1 x 104 koloni/ g, dan kadar piperin 4,58 %. Lada hitam efektif pada suhu optimum 105°C selama 20 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 7,84 %, AKK 1,3 x 104 koloni / g dan kadar piperin 5,01 %.Kata kunci : Lada Putih, Lada Hitam, Kadar Piperin
Gestasyonel diyabette lipid düzeylerinin incelenmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Faruk , TURHAN Aykut , SÖNMEZ Fatih , BAYDAR İdris , DURMAZ CEYLAN Şenay , ÖZTÜRK Mehmet , ÇİFCİ Aydın , GÜZEL Betül , ÇARLIOĞLU Ayşe
Published: August 2018

Amaç: Anormal lipid
profilleri gestasyonel diabetes mellitus (GDM) ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Biz
gestasyonel diyabette lipid profilini incelemeyi amaçladık. Metod: Çalışmamıza 127 GDM’li
ve kontrol grubu olarak benzer BMİ, gebelik haftası ve yaş grubundan 30
sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Kan örnekleri12 saat açlıktan sonra alındı.  Trigliserid,
Total Kolesterol, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein(HDL-K)plazma konsantrasyonları kolesterol
enzimatik testlerle ölçüldü. Düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol(LDL-K)
Friedewald'ın formülü ile hesaplandı.Bulgular: Trigliserid, Total
Kolesterol ve LDL-K düzeyleri gebelikte artmış olarak bulundu. Ancak
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Hdl-k GDM grubunda kontrol ile karşılaştırılınca
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde düşük bulundu. Logistik regresyon
yapıldığında HDL’nin GDM’de kontrole göre düşük olması yaş, BMİ, gebelik
haftasından bağımsız olarak bulundu. Roc analiz yapıldığında HDL < 70
mg/dl  GDM’yi %83 spesifite,  %64 sensivite ile predikte ettiği görüldü.

Sonuç: Düşük HDL-C
konsantrasyonları, GDM riskinde artış ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Total
kolesterol, LDL-C, TG değerlerinde anlamlı yükselmeler görülmedi.
Eğitim ve Bilim Düşüncesi
Authors: Şen Zekai
Published: August 2018

Örgün eğitim dünyanın her ülkesinde vatandaşlarına eşit bilgilendirme hizmeti vermek için en başta gelen bir sorumluluktur. Değişik ülkelerde bakanlıklar gibi eğitim birimleri tarafından otoriter olarak hazırlanan kitap ve eğitim örğünlüğü vasıtası ile ilkokuldan üniversite bitimine kadar olan sürede gençlere verilen dersler onların kişilik, dünya görüş, bilgi edinme, bilgili olmak gibi vasıflarını ayarlamaya odaklanmıştır. Bazı ülke ve topluluklarda eğitim öğünlüğünde düşüncenin canlı boyutları oldukça sığlaştırılmış veya pek olmayacak biçimde çerçevelenmiştir. Kişilerin en verimli olabileceği gençlik yaşlarında verilen eğitimin donuk ve durağan olması yerine canlı (dinamik) olarak verilebilmesi için düşünme yeteneklerinin artırılması gerekir. Böyle bir artırımda bilim felsefesi ve onun sonrasında veya beraberinde mantık ilke ve kurallarının kullanımının öğretilmesi çok önem arz eder. Bazı topluluklarda ve ülkelerde eğitimin sanki bir kabı doldururcasına bilgi yığınlarını hafızada ezberci bir biçimde biriktirilmesi olarak uygulanması üretken, yenilikçi ve tetikleyici akıl ürünlerine varabilmeyi engellemektedir. Bu yazıda etkin eğitimin canlı bir şekilde düşünme ile bilim felsefe ve mantık kuralları ile yapılması konularına kısaca değinilerek bazı tekliflerde bulunulmuştur.
Artan Öğrenci Artan Kamu Harcaması Anlamına Gelir Mi? Türkiye’de Devlet Üniversiteleri Üzerine Bir Analiz
Authors: Yavuz İsmail Sadık , Dulupçu Murat Ali
Published: August 2018

İlk insandan
günümüze kadar insanoğlu bilinmeyeni öğrenmeye çalışmıştır. Bilinmeyeni
öğrenmek için ise üniversiteler tercih edilen ilk kaynaklardan birisi olmuştur.
Zaman içerisinde üniversitelere artan talep, üniversite sayısının artması ve üniversitelerin
hacimlerinin büyümesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu durum ise üniversitelere aktarılan
finansmanın artması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Gerekli olan finansman kaynaklarının
uygulamada tek tiplik arz etmediği ve çeşitlendiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada
Türkiye’de devlet tarafından finanse edilen üniversitelerin harcamaları ile
öğrenci sayıları arasındaki bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmeye çalışmıştır.
Bu amaçla 2006 öncesi kurulan 53 devlet üniversitesi incelemeye alınmıştır.
Zaman dilimi olarak 2006-2016 yılları arası belirlenmiştir. Yıllık olarak ön
lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans, doktora öğrenci sayıları ve üniversite
harcamaları temel değişkenler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Analiz olarak sabit
etkiler modelinden yararlanılarak panel veri analizi kullanılmıştır.

Yapılan
analiz sonucunda öğrenci sayıları ile harcamalar arasında pozitif yönlü
doğrusal ve güçlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenci sayılarının artmasının
dolaylı etkileri sebebi ile devlet üniversitelerinde yapılan harcamaların
arttığı tezi öne sürülmüştür.
Türkiye’de Lisansüstü Eğitim ve Lisansüstü Eğitime Felsefi Bir Bakış
Authors: Günay Durmuş
Published: August 2018

Küresel rekabette ülkemizin belirlenen hedeflerine ulaşabilmesi için araştırmacı insan kaynağının nicel olarak artması ve nitel olarak da geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun içinde ülkemizde lisansüstü eğitimin geliştirilmesinin zorunluluğu ortadadır. Lisansüstü eğitim-öğretimin mahiyetinin kavranması, buna göre tasarlanması ve uygulanması hayati önemi haizdir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada Türkiye’de lisansüstü eğitimin mevcut niceliksel durumu ve diğer gelişmiş ülkelere göre konumumuz ortaya konulacaktır. Lisansüstü eğitime ve sorunlarına felsefe penceresinden bakılmaya çalışılacaktır. Daha sonra, belirlenen mevcut lisansüstü eğitimin, özellikle doktora eğitiminin iyileştirilmesi için bazı öneriler sunulacaktır.
Design optimization and performance investigation of novel linear induction motors with V-shaped ladder-slit secondary
Authors: Zhan Jiawen , Lu Qinfen
Published: August 2018

In order to reduce the transverse edge effect of linear induction motors (LIMs) for low-speed Maglev train, this paper proposes a novel single-sided LIMs (SLIMs) with V-shaped ladder-slit secondary. Firstly, the topology of this SLIMs is introduced based on the erected 3-D finite element model. Secondly, for the V-shaped ladder-slit secondary, the effect of slot combination is investigated, and then the secondary is optimized by a single-parameter optimization method, including the width of secondary side-bars, secondary slot width, transverse width of secondary slits and the skew angle of V-shaped slits. Thirdly, the air gap flux density, eddy current, thrust force and normal force of this SLIMs are calculated, respectively. By comparing to those of two SLIMs with available double ladder-slit and cap-solid secondary, the results show the proposed novel SLIMs can improve the performance due to effectively reducing the transverse edge effect. Finally, to the proposed SLIMs, the effect of the middle bar in V-shaped ladder-slit secondary is studied. It is found that adopting middle bar can improve the performance and increase the mechanical strength, which is more suitable for low-speed Maglev train.
Fracture behaviors of a piezoelectric-piezomagnetic sandwich structure under electromechanical loads: plane problem
Authors: Zhao X. , Liu J. X. , Qian Z. H. , Gao C. F.
Published: August 2018

The fracture behaviors of a piezoelectric-piezomagnetic sandwich structure with an eccentric internal crack subjected to two kinds of in-plane electromechanical loads have been studied in this paper. A singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel is obtained by means of Fourier transform and further solved by using Gauss-Chebyshev technique. Then the stress intensity factors are obtained and some numerical results are presented to show the effects of the material properties, structure geometries, electromechanical loads and the crack location on the stress intensity factors. The conclusions of the present paper may be useful for the design and fracture prediction of layered piezoelectric-piezomagnetic structures.
Hybrid excitation synchronous machine adaptive speed region control and experimental verification
Authors: Huang Mingming , Zhang Yang , Huang Quanzhen , Guo Xinjun , Qing YuHao
Published: August 2018

With the merits of permanent magnet (PM) machine combining the possibility of controllable flux by field windings, hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM) is a novel candidate for wide speed range regulation application. The HESM with claw pole topology incorporates the advantages of the hybrid excited synchronous machine and claw pole machine. In this paper, the topology, operating principle and basic mathematical model of HESM are analyzed and established, respectively. Then, the control model of the HESM is deduced on the basis of the space vector control method, and the operating performance of the HESM across its entire operating range is also investigated. A new adaptive control strategy for the HESM drive system is proposed and designed on the basis of analyzing the influences of the flux-weakening coefficient, respectively, which can operate in both flux-enhancing and flux-weakening conditions. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control strategy and drive system design are verified by simulation and experimental results, which demonstrate that the adaptive control strategy maximizes the range of speed regulation while exhibits the high efficiency.
Vibration and noise reduction of HVDC anode saturable reactor by polyurethane damping elastomer
Authors: Zhang Pengning , Li Lin , Zhang Juanjuan , Gao Chong
Published: August 2018

The vibration and noise produced by the anode saturable reactor (ASR) in the HVDC transmission converter valve are very serious, and the long-term vibration can accelerate the aging of the equipment and damage the friendly environment. In this paper, a core with race-track shape from the ASR in ±800 kV/4750 A project is used as the research object. An excitation winding is wounded on the core, and the vibrations and noises are measured when the winding is excited respectively by sine wave and rectangular waves at different frequencies. In order to reduce the noise, the polyurethane damping elastomer is filled into the box of core, and the vibrations and noises of core with polyurethane damping elastomer under different excitations are measured. The results show that the polyurethane damping elastomer can efficiently reduce the vibrations and noises of the anode saturated reactor core, especially under non-sinusoidal excitation. This research is of significant reference value for the vibration and noise reduction of ASR and other high frequency equipment.
Calculation and optimization of a permanent magnetic hybrid driven 3-DOF motor
Authors: Zheng Li , Wei He , Lingqi Liu , Qunjing Wang
Published: August 2018

In this paper, a new type of permanent magnet type 3-DOF hybrid driven motor is proposed in view of the poor precision of existing deflection movement control and low speed of multi-degree-of-freedom motor rotation. The motor contains two part named lateral rotation module and internal deflection modules. The output torque of the motor, the rotation speed and control precision are improved by the coordinated control of rotation movement and deflection movement. The magnetic field shielding and optimization of two modules inside and outside the motor are realized by using Halbach permanent magnet array, and the magnetic field characteristics of the motor are improved. First, using analytical method and finite element method, the magnetic field characteristics and distribution of the permanent magnet of the motor are analyzed, and the electromagnetic characteristics of load and no load condition and output torque of the motor is analyzed by finite element method. Then, the loss of this motor is analyzed and calculated, the motor response surface equation is built by using taguchi method and central composite design method. Finally, the optimal structure parameters of motor is proposed by the numerical model based on maximizing the motor output torque of the target, and it is compared with finite element and experiment to verify the accuracy of the structural parameters. It provides a new theoretical basis for the follow-up optimization of the motor.
Platão antitrágico: a crítica à poesia nos livros II e III de a República
Authors: Franco Irley Fernandes
Published: August 2018

O artigo pretende mostrar que, ao criticar e censurar a poesia, nos livros II e III de A República, mais do que adequar o currículo escolar tradicional às exigências de seu projeto político, Platão tem em vista a extinção de uma determinada “visão de mundo” produzida e consolidada por ela. O ataque é dirigido a todos os gêneros poéticos, mas o principal alvo é a poesia dramática, isto é, aquela em que a mímesis é entendida como personificação ou incorporação de personagens, e, dentre os gêneros dramáticos, o trágico será considerado seu maior inimigo.
Lingkungan Rumah Sakit dan Tingkat Kecemasan Mahaiswa Saat Melakukan Praktek Klinik
Authors: Malfasari Eka , Devita Yeni , Erlin Fitry , Ramadania Indah
Published: August 2018

AbstrakMahasiswa keperawatan mempunyai pengalaman kecemasan ketika melakukan praktik klinik di rumah sakit. Kecemasan yang sangat parah bisa menyebabkan penurunan perfoma dan bisa membahayakan pasien. Walaupun mahasiswa sudah mempersiapkan diri dengan baik, namun ternyata terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kecemasan, termasuk lingkungan rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah terdapat hubungan antara lingkungan rumah sakit dengan kecemasan mahasiswa keperawatan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasi dan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 73 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa keperawatan yang sedang menjalankan praktik klinik di rumah sakit. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dan data diambil selama bulan Juli 2017. Variabel kecemasan dalam penelitian ini diukur menggunakan DASS 21 dengan mengambil bagian kecemasan sedangkan kuesioner untuk variabel lingkungan rumah sakit adalah rancangan peneliti dan telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis chi square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara lingkungan rumah sakit dengan kecemasan mahasiswa keperawatan (p value=0,045). Rekomendasi: Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk melanjutkan penelitian untuk mengatasi kecemasan mahasiswa saat melakukan praktik klinik di rumah sakit.Kata kunci: kecemasan, lingkungan rumah sakitHOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT AND ANXIETY LEVEL IN STUDENTS WHEN DOING CLINICAL PRACTICESAbstractNursing students have experiences of anxiety when doing clinical practices in a hospital. Very severe anxiety can decrease performance and endanger patients. Although students have prepared themselves well, there are several factors causing anxiety, including hospital environment. Objective: This research aims to identify the correlation between hospital environment and anxiety in nursing students. Methods: This research is a quantitative research using descriptive correlation design and using cross sectional approach. The samples were 73 respondents who were nursing students conducting clinical practices in the hospital. Samples were taken using accidental sampling and data was collected during July 2017. The anxiety variable was measured using DASS 21 by taking the anxiety section. Questionnaire for hospital environment variable was made by researcher and its validity and reliability had been tested. Data were analyzed using chi square. Results: The results of this research indicated that there was a significant correlation between hospital environment and anxiety in nursing students with p value=0.045. Conclusion: This research recommends that further research should be conducted to overcome anxiety in students when conducting clinical practices in the hospital.Keywords: Anxiety, hospital environment
Haydarâbâd Salar Jung Kütüphanesindeki Türkçe Öğretimi İle İlgili Yazma Eserler ve Bu Eserlerden Fazlullah Han Barlas Tarafından Yazılan “Lugat-ı Türkî”nin Çağatay Türkçesi Öğretimi Yöntemine Dâir Düşünceler
Authors: KOÇOĞLU Turgut
Published: August 2018

Hindistan’ın
büyük müze-kütüphanelerinden biri olan Salar Jung’da yaptığımız çalışmalarda,
yirmi altı adet Türkçe/Çağatay Türkçesi eser tespit edilmiştir. Genellikle dil
ve edebiyat üzerine olan bu eserlerin sekiz tanesi doğrudan dil öğretimi ile
ilgilidir. Sekiz eserden yedisi Türkçe öğretmek biri de Farsça öğretmek
amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Bu yazıda söz
konusu eserlerden önce birkaç sayfa orijinal metin görüntüleri verilerek nüsha
tavsifi yapılmış ve sonrasında eserlerin muhtevasından kısaca bahsedilerek
Türkçe öğretim yöntemlerine değinilmiştir. Çağatay Türkçesi öğretmek amacıyla
Fazlullah Han Barlas tarafından 18. yüzyılda yazılan “Lugat-ı Türkî” adlı
eserin ise, kütüphanede yaptığımız inceleme notlarımız ve elimizdeki dijital
görüntüler imkânında, muhtevası ve Çağatay Türkçesi öğretimi yöntemine dâir
örneklerle daha ayrıntılı açıklamalar yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.

İncelediğimiz bu
eserlerin, hazırlanış yöntemlerine göre, gramer-sözlük,
gramer ve sözlük, sadece gramer ve sadece sözlük şeklinde tasnif edilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

İki dilli
öğretim yönteminin kullanıldığı bu eserlerin altısında Farsça ile Türkçe
öğretmek, birinde Arapça ile Türkçe öğretmek ve birinde de Türkçe ile Farsça
öğretmek amaçlanmıştır. Bunların bazısı manzum olarak yazılmış, mensur
olanlarda da nazma benzer bir format tercih edilmiştir. Bu da dil öğretiminde
genellikle ezber yönteminin ön
planda tutulduğunu göstermektedir.
Vertical Seismic Profile Wavefield Separation Using Median Filtering Constrained by the Linear Radon Transform
Authors: Yang Yuyong , Lu Jun , Wang Yun
Published: August 2018

Separation of downgoing and upgoing P-waves and S-waves in an offset 2D/3D vertical seismic profile (VSP) record is a basic step in VSP data processing. Radon transform and median filtering methods are commonly used to separate wavefields. However, with the former, it is hard to strike a balance between the resolution and amplitude preservation, while the latter ignores the variation in the slowness (apparent velocity) of events. In order to solve these problems, we propose a method based on a modified linear Radon transform and dynamic time shifting. We derive the slowness spectrum of an input VSP record through the modified Radon transform. Based on the optimal slope values of the events derived from the slowness spectrum, we align the wavefields by dynamic time shifting. Then, the target wavefields are separated using a median filtering constrained by the linear Radon transform. Our wavefield separation process is iterated until the four kinds of wavefields are separated according to a priority ranking based on the order of the energy spectrum from strong to weak. The results were found to be better than those derived from wave separation using the traditional median filter or those derived using the high-resolution Radon transform method.
Correlation-Based Robust Authentication (Cobra) Using Helper Data Only
Authors: Plusquellic Jim , Areno Matt
Published: August 2018

Physical unclonable function (PUF)-based authentication protocols have been proposed as a strong challenge-response form of authentication for internet of things (IoT) and embedded applications. A special class of so called strong PUFs are best suited for authentication because they are able to generate an exponential number of challenge-response-pairs (CRPs). However, strong PUFs must also be resilient to model-building attacks. Model-building utilizes machine learning algorithms and a small set of CRPs to build a model that is able to predict the responses of a fielded chip, thereby compromising the security of chip-server interactions. In this paper, response bitstrings are eliminated in the message exchanges between chips and the server during authentication, and therefore, it is no longer possible to carry out model-building attacks in the traditional manner. Instead, the chip transmits a Helper Data bitstring to the server and this information is used for authentication instead. The server constructs Helper Data bitstrings using enrollment data that it stores for all valid chips in a secure database and computes correlation coefficients (CCs) between the chip’s Helper Data bitstring and each of the server-generated Helper Data bitstrings. The server authenticates (and identifies) the chip if a CC is found that exceeds a threshold, which is determined during characterization. The technique is demonstrated using data from a set of 500 Xilinx Zynq 7020 FPGAs, subjected to industrial-level temperature and voltage variations.
Thermodynamics of Superdiffusion Generated by Lévy–Wiener Fluctuating Forces
Authors: Kuśmierz Łukasz , Dybiec Bartłomiej , Gudowska-Nowak Ewa
Published: August 2018

Scale free Lévy motion is a generalized analogue of the Wiener process. Its time derivative extends the notion of “white noise” to non-Gaussian noise sources, and as such, it has been widely used to model natural signal variations described by an overdamped Langevin stochastic differential equation. Here, we consider the dynamics of an archetypal model: a Brownian-like particle is driven by external forces, and noise is represented by uncorrelated Lévy fluctuations. An unperturbed system of that form eventually attains a steady state which is uniquely determined by the set of parameter values. We show that the analyzed Markov process with the stability index α < 2 violates the detailed balance, i.e., its stationary state is quantified by a stationary probability density and nonvanishing current. We discuss consequences of the non-Gibbsian character of the stationary state of the system and its impact on the general form of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem derived for weak external forcing.
Node Mapping Criterion for Highly Saturated Interior PMSMs Using Magnetic Reluctance Network
Authors: Caballero Damian , Prieto Borja , Artetxe Gurutz , Elosegui Ibon , Martinez-Iturralde Miguel
Published: August 2018

Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) are high torque density machines that usually work under heavy load conditions, becoming magnetically saturated. To obtain properly their performance, this paper presents a node mapping criterion that ensure accurate results when calculating the performance of a highly saturated IPMSM via a novel magnetic reluctance network approach. For this purpose, a Magnetic Circuit Model (MCM) with variable discretization levels for the different geometrical domains is developed. The proposed MCM caters to V-shaped IPMSMs with variable magnet depth and angle between magnets. Its structure allows static and dynamic time stepping simulations to be performed by taking into account complex phenomena such as magnetic saturation, cross-coupling saturation effect and stator slotting effect. The results of the proposed model are compared to those obtained by Finite Element Method (FEM) for a number of IPMSMs obtaining excellent results. Finally, its accuracy is validated comparing the calculated performance with experimental results on a real prototype.
It is Worth Pondering Whether a Carbon Tax is Suitable for China’s Agricultural-Related Sectors
Authors: Fan Weiguo , Gao Zhicheng , Chen Nan , Wei Hejie , Xu Zihan , Lu Nachuan , Wang Xuechao , Zhang Peng , Ren Jiahui , Ulgiati Sergio , Dong Xiaobin
Published: August 2018

Studying the characteristics, trends, and evolution of carbon emissions in agricultural related sectors is of great significance for rational formulation of carbon emission reduction policies. However, as an important carbon emission reduction policy, carbon tax has been controversial over whether or not it should be levied on China. Based on this consideration, this paper takes China’s agricultural related sectors as an example and analyzes the degree of carbon tax on macro-environment, macroeconomy, and agricultural sectors during the period 2020–2050 by constructing a 3EAD-CGE (economy-energy-environmental-agricultural-dynamics Computable General Equilibrium) model. The results show that: (1) carbon tax has a time effect, specifically, the short-term effect is better than the long-term. (2) If the incremental rate of carbon tax is carried out alone, it will exert a great influence on the macroeconomy as well as on most of the agricultural related sectors. (3) If a carbon tax is introduced at the same time as indirect taxes are cut (proportionally), the policy will exert a negative impact on agriculture-related sectors that are subsidized. However, the policy will have a positive impact on those nonsubsidized sectors. Finally, based on the results, we put forward some suggestions that are more suitable for the introduction of a carbon tax in China’s agricultural-related sectors.
Improving Biodiesel Conversions from Blends of High- and Low-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oils Using Sodium Methoxide as a Catalyst Based on a High Speed Homogenizer
Authors: Hsiao Ming-Chien , Kuo Jui-Yang , Hsieh Pei-Hsuan , Hou Shuhn-Shyurng
Published: August 2018

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel. However, the high price of the biodiesel produced from pure vegetable oil contributes to making it uncompetitive in the market. If we can make low cost oils such as waste cooking oil and high-acid-value oil available as resources, the cost of biodiesel production will be reduced significantly. However, these low cost oils cannot be used to produce biodiesel directly because they usually contain a large amount of free fatty acids. They have to undergo a preparatory procedure to lower the acid value to a specific value. The purpose of this study was to lower the amount of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils by blending high- and low-value oils at different ratios and to reduce the transesterification reaction time using a high speed homogenizer, which has the potential to easily enlarge the capacity scale. We used a high-acid-value oil to low-acid-value oil volume ratio of 4:6 as a control. A high conversion rate (97.1%) was achieved under the optimal reaction conditions: methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 9:1; amount of catalyst (CH3ONa) used, 0.75 wt %; reaction temperature, 65 °C; rotation speed, 8000 rpm; and reaction time, 8 min.
Effects of Hardwood Content on Balsam Fir Defoliation during the Building Phase of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak
Authors: Zhang Bo , MacLean David A. , Johns Rob C. , Eveleigh Eldon S.
Published: August 2018

Defoliation by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is more severe in fir than in mixed fir-hardwood stands. Previous studies assumed that defoliation in fir-hardwood stands was reduced in proportion to percent hardwood regardless of outbreak severity. We tested the influence of stand composition on defoliation during the first 5 years of a spruce budworm outbreak near Amqui, Quebec, by sampling 27 fir-hardwood plots selected to represent three percent hardwood basal area classes (0%–25%, 40%–65%, and 75%–95%). Balsam fir defoliation was significantly lower (p < 0.001) as hardwood content increased, but the relationship varied with overall defoliation severity each year. Annual plot defoliation in fir-hardwood plots, estimated using: (1) defoliation in pure fir plots and the assumption that defoliation in fir-hardwood plots was reduced in proportion to percent hardwood; (2) a generalized linear mixed-effects model with defoliation in pure fir plots, percent hardwood, and interaction as fixed-effects; and (3) Random Forests prediction incorporating 11 predictor variables, resulted in r = 0.77, 0.87, and 0.92 versus measured defoliation, respectively. Average defoliation severity in softwood plots and percent hardwood content were the most important variables in Random Forests analysis. Data on average defoliation level in softwood stands, as an indicator of overall outbreak severity, improves prediction of balsam fir defoliation in mixed stands.
Network-Based Approaches to Explore Complex Biological Systems towards Network Medicine
Authors: Fiscon Giulia , Conte Federica , Farina Lorenzo , Paci Paola
Published: August 2018

Network medicine relies on different types of networks: from the molecular level of protein–protein interactions to gene regulatory network and correlation studies of gene expression. Among network approaches based on the analysis of the topological properties of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, we discuss the widespread DIAMOnD (disease module detection) algorithm. Starting from the assumption that PPI networks can be viewed as maps where diseases can be identified with localized perturbation within a specific neighborhood (i.e., disease modules), DIAMOnD performs a systematic analysis of the human PPI network to uncover new disease-associated genes by exploiting the connectivity significance instead of connection density. The past few years have witnessed the increasing interest in understanding the molecular mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation with a special emphasis on non-coding RNAs since they are emerging as key regulators of many cellular processes in both physiological and pathological states. Recent findings show that coding genes are not the only targets that microRNAs interact with. In fact, there is a pool of different RNAs—including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) —competing with each other to attract microRNAs for interactions, thus acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The framework of regulatory networks provides a powerful tool to gather new insights into ceRNA regulatory mechanisms. Here, we describe a data-driven model recently developed to explore the lncRNA-associated ceRNA activity in breast invasive carcinoma. On the other hand, a very promising example of the co-expression network is the one implemented by the software SWIM (switch miner), which combines topological properties of correlation networks with gene expression data in order to identify a small pool of genes—called switch genes—critically associated with drastic changes in cell phenotype. Here, we describe SWIM tool along with its applications to cancer research and compare its predictions with DIAMOnD disease genes.
Stakeholder Views on Active Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Van El Carla G. , Baccolini Valentina , Piko Peter , Cornel Martina C.
Published: August 2018

In familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), carriers profit from presymptomatic diagnosis and early treatment. Due to the autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, first degree relatives of patients are at 50% risk. A program to identify healthy relatives at risk of premature cardiovascular problems, funded by the Netherlands government until 2014, raised questions on privacy and autonomy in view of the chosen active approach of family members. Several countries are building cascade screening programs inspired by Dutch experience, but meanwhile, the Netherlands’ screening program itself is in transition. Insight in stakeholders’ views on approaching family members is lacking. Literature and policy documents were studied, and stakeholders were interviewed on pros and cons of actively approaching healthy relatives. Sociotechnical analysis explored new roles and responsibilities, with uptake, privacy, autonomy, psychological burden, resources, and awareness as relevant themes. Stakeholders agree on the importance of early diagnosis and informing the family. Dutch healthcare typically focuses on cure, rather than prevention. Barriers to cascade screening are paying an own financial contribution, limited resources for informing relatives, and privacy regulation. To benefit from predictive, personalized, and preventive medicine, the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in genetic testing as a preventive strategy, and informing family members, need to be carefully realigned.