bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiative Closure Assessment of Retrieved Cloud and Aerosol Properties for the EarthCARE Mission: The ACMB-DF Product
Authors: Barker Howard W. , Cole Jason N. S. , Villefranque Najda , Qu Zhipeng , Velázquez Blázquez Almudena , Domenech Carlos , Mason Shannon L. , Hogan Robin J.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Measurements made by three instruments aboard the EarthCARE satellite, plus data from auxiliary sources, will be used to synergistically retrieve estimates of cloud and aerosol properties. The ACMB-DF processor consists of a continuous radiative closure assessment of these retrievals and is both described and demonstrated in this study. The closure procedure begins with 3D radiative transfer models (RTMs) acting on retrieved and auxiliary data. These models yield upwelling shortwave and longwave broadband radiances commensurate with measurements made by EarthCARE’s multi-angle broadband radiometer (BBR). Measured and modelled radiances are averaged up to “assessment domains”, that measure ~21 km along-track by no more than 5 km across-track, centred on the retrieved cross-section of ~1 km profiles, and are then combined, by angular distributions models (ADMs), to produce “effective” upwelling fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere, denoted as FBBR and FRTM, respectively. Last, the probability 𝑝ΔF^ of |FRTM – FBBR| being less than ΔF^ W m-2 is estimated recognizing as many sources of, assumed normally distributed, uncertainties as possible. For historical/programmatic reasons, ΔF^ is set to 10 W m-2, but that might change during EarthCARE’s commissioning phase and with Sun angle. The closure process is demonstrated up to calculation of 𝑝ΔF^ using four 400 km-long portions of one of EarthCARE’s test frames for which simulated passive measurements were computed by 3D RTMs. Note that this study, like the ACMB-DF process with real EarthCARE observations, does not comment explicitly on performance of retrieval algorithms.
New geochronologic constraints on the timing and geodynamic setting of Ordovician plutonism in the Ötztal nappe of the Eastern Alps
Authors: Žák Jiří , Svojtka Martin , Sláma Jiří , Zurbriggen Roger , Schindlmayr Andreas , Vacek František , Finger Friedrich
Published: August 2024

The supercontinent Gondwana, assembled during late Neoproterozoic, was delineated by peripheral accretionary orogens and associated magmatic belts. The timing and geodynamic setting of the peri-Gondwana magmatism remain debated, especially in case of the Avalonian–Cadomian belt that straddled Gondwana´s northern margin. A great deal of this magmatism can be attributed to the Cadomian orogeny, however, the magmatic activity continued into the Ordovician. It has been well established that the Ordovician magmatism was widespread as abundant volcano-plutonic complexes are now found in almost all Cadomian terranes in the Variscan and Alpine orogens. Two different models have been proposed to explain the Ordovician magmatism in Western and Central Europe. One model, mainly based on observations in the Alps, invokes subduction and slab-rollback underneath north Gondwana (the Cenerian orogeny). The other model, based on work in the Bohemian Massif, assumes a hyperextended passive margin and rifting generated by a mantle plume or far-field slab pull. Whereas a large body of data exists for the latter, the Ordovician magmatism in the Alps remains worth of further investigation. In this study, we present new U­–Pb zircon ages from the Ötztal nappe, composed of a metasedimentary complex which encloses bodies of metagranitoid rocks. The U­–Pb detrital zircon age spectra obtained from paragneisses suggest deposition during the latest Ediacaran to Cambrian and were sourced from basement characterized by minor Archean and Paleoproterozoic, more abundant Tonian–Stenian, and dominant Ediacaran (Cadomian) ages, presumably the Arabian–Nubian shield. The metagranitoids, ranging in composition from tonalite through granodiorite to granite, were previously categorized into 5 groups and their intrusion ages (U–Pb on zircon) could now be constrained as follows: Group 1 (M-, I-, and A-type granitoids associated with metabasites) at ca. 500 Ma, Group 2 (Winnebach S-type granodiorite/tonalite) at ca. 640 Ma, Group 3 (Sulztal S-type granite suite) at ca. 470 Ma, Group 4 (Alpeiner I-type granitoids) at ca. 470 Ma, and Group 5 (Bassler S-type granite suite) at ca. 470 Ma. In addition, a mafic eclogite yielded zircon ages at ca. 480–450 Ma and a Variscan overprint at ca. 340 Ma. Although the timing of Ordovician magmatism is apparently similar in the Bohemian Massif and the Alps, we highlight the possibility of different geodynamic causes: in particular, we envisage a curved geometry of the north Gondwana margin, where rifting in its western segment (Bohemian Massif) was broadly coeval with subduction along its eastern segment which included also the present-day Ötztal nappe.
A Method for Recovering Fault Kinematics and Long-Wavelength Surface Uplift from the Inversion of Landscape Features and its Application in the Eastern European Alps
Authors: Oakley David , Eizenhöfer Paul
Published: August 2024

A large body of geomorphological research has shown that topography records the history of both uplift and horizontal motions. Numerical landscape evolution models can be used to test the effects of various kinematic scenarios on landscape development. This enables the possibility of using landscape evolution models to solve an inverse problem and quantify tectonic motions based on observed features of a landscape. Various approaches of inverse landscape evolution modelling have been employed in recent years, with most previous work focusing on purely vertical motions, and/or the inversion of longitudinal stream channels in 1D rather than 2D landscapes. In this study, we introduce an approach using Ensemble Kalman Inversion – an efficient, ensemble-based data inversion method – to recover both vertical and horizontal kinematics from the present-day topography. Our approach is capable of handling large numbers of free parameters and quantifying uncertainty in the result. We use the average elevation and average normalised river steepness index (Ksn) calculated in a moving window along a profile across-strike of the orogen, to which we fit a large number of landscape evolution models. In this way, the models target first-order geomorphological features avoiding second-order variations characteristic in natural settings. Given the high data density and knowledge of the upper crustal structural evolution in the European Alps, we first demonstrate our method using a synthetic model set-up that emulates the structural geometry beneath the Tauern Window along the TRANSALP transect. We specifically include the possibility of long-wavelength surface uplift in our models, which may be derived from various mantle processes or isostatic responses. Our novel inversion approach can recover magnitudes and changes in surface uplift and horizontal advection rates in space and time. Not surprisingly, the ability of the method to determine past rates of deformation decreases the farther back in time they occur. However, initial results suggest that this effect is less pronounced for horizontal advection rates than for surface uplift rates, indicating potential limitations in modelling studies that do not consider horizontal advection. Our novel approach is now being applied to the topography along TRANSALP. We will use our inversion results to assess to what extent orogen-scale geomorphological features are able to record the tectonic and geodynamic evolution of Cenozoic mountain ranges.
Discovering Earth's Challenge: Insights of Out-of-Sequence Thrusts in Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt
Authors: Ghosh Rajkumar
Published: August 2024

The Zagros orogenic belt is a component of the active Arabia-Eurasia collision zone in the Middle Eastern segment of the Alpine-Himalayan system, and it is one of the world's youngest seismically active continental collision zones. The Zagros region, which is one of the most seismically active continental collision zones in Zagros orogenic belt, provides an excellent case study for understanding tectonic processes and their consequences for geological development and seismic hazard assessment. This work presents an overview of the geological significance of the Zagros orogenic belt, with a focus on its function in larger context of the Arabia-Eurasia collision. It investigates the dynamic interaction of tectonic forces that have sculpted the landscape, from the first convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plates to current deformation and seismic activity. Furthermore,  significance of continuing scientific efforts to understand the complexity of the Zagros orogenic region and its implications for seismic risk mitigation and natural resource exploration. Out-of-Sequence thrusts in the Eastern Alps' frontal zone (Levi et al., 2021). Out-of-Sequence thrusting in the Karwendel mountains of the western Northern Calcareous Alp (Kilian and Ortner, 2019). Besides, Out-of-sequence reactivation of older in-sequence thrusts is difficult to quantify. In Vienna Basin area, out of sequence Thrust adjusted to around 2 km at the Early Karpatian (approximately 16.5 Ma). The well Kirchdorf-1 drill explores that Molasse rocks that are exposed in tectonic windows caused by out-of-sequence thrusting at a depth of approximately 800 m above the basal thrust at the Alpine-Carpathian junction (Beidinger and Decker 2014). In-depth examination of the geological significance of the Zagros orogenic belt, focusing on its role within the broader context of the Arabia-Eurasia collision. Mukherjee (2015) docuemented OOS thrust displacement  along the length Himalayan Arc.Through a detailed analysis of tectonic processes and their consequences for geological development and seismic hazard assessment, this study offers insights into the dynamic evolution of the region. From the initial convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plates to the ongoing deformation and seismic activity, the landscape of the Zagros orogenic belt bears the imprint of complex tectonic interactions. Furthermore, this study highlights understanding the complexity of the Zagros orogenic region and its implications for seismic risk mitigation and natural resource exploration in neighbouring mountain ranges such as the Eastern Alps and the Northern Calcareous Alps.References:Levi, et al. (2021). Out-of-Sequence thrusts in the Eastern Alps' frontal zone.
Kilian and Ortner (2019). Out-of-Sequence thrusting in the Karwendel mountains of the western Northern Calcareous Alps.
Mukherjee,S., (2015).  A reivew of Out-of-sequence thrust in Himalaya
Beidinger and Decker (2014). Out-of-sequence thrusting in Vienna Basin: Kirchdorf-1 drill. 
Oceanic detachments in Tethys realm: core complexe or not?
Authors: Bousquet Romain
Published: August 2024

Oceanic detachments are large-offset normal faults along the flanks of mid-ocean ridges. They represent a mode of accretion of the oceanic lithosphere that is fundamentally different from classical “magmatic” models, resulting in lithospheric composition and structure that are strikingly different from the classical model of a layered magmatic oceanic crust. Oceanic detachments, which exhume deep lithosphere, forming oceanic core complexes (OCCs), are scientifically interesting because they represent tectonic windows to deep-seated rocks and processes (mantle flow, melt generation and migration, strain localization, and crustal accretion) at mid-ocean ridges (Escartin & Canales, 2010).In this ongoing study, we propose to compare two different ophiolitic series from the Tethys realm: The Chenaillet (Western Alps) and the Troodos (Cyprus) ophiolites. The two ophiolitic massifs are well known for the quality of their outcrop and the evidences of oceanic processes are still well preserved. This is particularly evident in their magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal structures and textures. Both massifs have been little affected by events subsequent to their emplacement, excepted by the formation of some folds on a more or less large scale. In both cases, detachment-type intra-oceanic tectonics have been described in the literature (Troodos: Hurst et al. 1994; Chenaillet: Manatschal et al. 2011). Furthermore, both have been interpreted as oceanic core-complexes on the basis of isotopic (δD, δ18O) studies (Troodos: Nuriel et al. 2009; Chenaillet: Lafay et al. 2017).This interpretation is identical for two ophiolitic massifs, despite significant differences in their crustal structure and geodynamic settings. The Troodos massif represents a complete supra-subduction ophiolitic series, characterised by the presence of well-developed layers of oceanic crust. In contrast, the Chenaillet massif, originating from the Piemont ocean, is predominantly composed of serpentinite and basalt, with widespread distribution of gabbros.The objective of this study is to gain insight into the dynamics of these detachments by analysing new field data, petrological data and geochemical data. This will enable us to understand the relationship between the detachments and magmatic and hydrothermal processes. It can be demonstrated that, despite exhibiting certain similarities, these two detachments are in fact quite distinct and do not play the same role in the formation of the oceanic crust. The Chenaillet Massif provides an illustrative example of an OCC, whereas the detachments of the Troodos Massif post-date the formation of the oceanic crust and are linked to ridge jumps. 
Evolution of the Carpathian Foreland Basin and its link with collision and slab detachment
Authors: de Leeuw Arjan , Matoshko Anton , Roger Marion , Vincent Stephen , Morton Andrew , van der Beek Peter , Husson Laurent , Mandic Oleg , Stoica Marius , Krijgsman Wout
Published: August 2024

The Carpathians are a typical Mediterranean-type orogen that resulted from slab roll-back, nappe accretion, collision and slab detachment. We will use basin-scale sedimentological and provenance analysis to reconstruct the Miocene to recent evolution of the Carpathian Foreland Basin. Paleontological observations will highlight the basin’s biogeographic relations with the surrounding regions, demonstrating the creation and destruction of topographic barriers with the Pannonian Basin and the Black Sea. Results from inverse modelling of thermochronological data from the Carpathians with PECUBE will be used to understand the timing and volume of sediment supply from different parts of the mountain belt, which will then be compared to deposition over time in the foreland basin. Finally we will establish a link between the geodynamic events in the subduction system, particularly collision and slab-detachment, and the evolution of the foreland basin. Since there are many similarities between the Carpathians and other roll-back orogens, our results might be interesting for researchers studying other Mediterranean-type orogens.
MAP-IO: an atmospheric and marine observatory program on board Marion Dufresne over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Tulet Pierre , Van Baelen Joel , Bosser Pierre , Brioude Jérome , Colomb Aurélie , Goloub Philippe , Pazmino Andrea , Portafaix Thierry , Ramonet Michel , Sellegri Karine , Thyssen Melilotus , Gest Léa , Marquestaut Nicolas , Mékiès Dominique , Metzger Jean-Marc , Athier Gilles , Blarel Luc , Delmotte Marc , Desprairies Guillaume , Dournaux Mérédith , Dubois Gaël , Duflot Valentin , Lamy Kevin , Gardes Lionel , Guillemot Jean-François , Gros Valérie , Kolasinski Joanna , Lopez Morgan , Magand Olivier , Noury Erwan , Nunes-Pinharanda Manuel , Payen Guillaume , Pianezze Joris , Picard David , Picard Olivier , Prunier Sandrine , Rigaud-Louise François , Sicard Michael , Torres Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Abstract. This article is devoted to the presentation of the MAP-IO observation program. This program, launched in early 2021, has enabled the observation of nearly 700 d of measurements over the Indian and Southern Ocean with the equipment of 17 meteorological and oceanographic scientific instruments on board the ship Marion Dufresne. Several observational techniques have been developed to respond to the difficulties of observations on board the ship, in particular for passive remote sensing data, as well as for quasi-autonomous data acquisition and transfer. The first measurements made it possible to draw up unprecedented climatological data of the Southern Ocean regarding the size distribution and optical thickness of aerosols, the concentration of trace gases and greenhouse gases, UV, and integrated water vapor. High-resolution observations of phytoplankton in surface waters have also shown a great variability in latitude in terms of abundance and community structure (diversity). The operational success of this program and these unique scientific results together establish a proof of concept and underline the need to transform this program into a permanent observatory. The multi-year rotations over the Indian Ocean will enable us to assess the trends and seasonal variability of phytoplankton, greenhouse gases, ozone, and marine aerosols in a sensitive and poorly documented climatic region. Without being exhaustive, MAP-IO should make it possible to better understand and assess the biological carbon pump, to study the variability of gases and aerosols in a region that is remote in relation to the main anthropogenic sources, and to monitor the transport of stratospheric ozone by the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The meteorological MAP-IO data set is publicly available at https://www.aeris-data.fr/catalogue-map-io/ (last access: 26 August 2024) (atmospheric data) and at https://doi.org/10.17882/89505 (Thyssen et al., 2022a) (phytoplankton data).
SHIFT: a spatial-heterogeneity improvement in DEM-based mapping of global geomorphic floodplains
Authors: Zheng Kaihao , Lin Peirong , Yin Ziyun
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Floodplains are a vital part of the global riverine system. Among all the global floodplain delineation strategies empowered by remote sensing, digital elevation model (DEM)-based delineation is considered to be computationally efficient with relatively low uncertainties, but the parsimonious model struggles with incorporating the basin-level spatial heterogeneity of the hydrological and geomorphic influences into the map. In this study, we propose a globally applicable thresholding scheme for DEM-based floodplain delineation to improve the representation of spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, we develop a stepwise approach to estimate the floodplain hydraulic geometry (FHG) scaling parameters for river basins worldwide at the scale of the level-3 HydroBASINS to best respect the scaling law while approximating the spatial extent of two publicly available global flood maps derived from hydrodynamic modeling. The estimated FHG exponent exhibits a significant positive relationship with the basins' hydroclimatic conditions, particularly in 33 of the world's major river basins, indicating the ability of the approach to capture fingerprints from heterogeneous hydrological and geomorphic influences. Based on the spatially varying FHG parameters, a ∼ 90 m resolution global floodplain map named the Spatial Heterogeneity Improved Floodplain by Terrain analysis (SHIFT) is delineated, which takes the hydrologically corrected MERIT Hydro dataset as the DEM inputs and the height above nearest drainage (HAND) as the terrain attribute. Our results demonstrate that SHIFT validates better with reference maps than both hydrodynamic-modeling- and DEM-based approaches with universal parameters. The improved delineation mainly includes better differentiation between main streams and tributaries in major basins and a more comprehensive representation of stream networks in aggregated river basins. SHIFT estimates the global floodplain area to be 9.91×106 km2, representing 6.6 % of the world's total land area. SHIFT data layers are available at two spatial resolutions (90 m and 1 km), along with the updated parameters, at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11835133 (Zheng et al., 2024). We anticipate that SHIFT will be used to support applications requiring boundary delineations of the global geomorphic floodplains.
Global analysis of in situ cosmogenic 26Al/10Be ratios in fluvial sediments indicates widespread sediment storage and burial during transport
Authors: Halsted Christopher , Bierman Paul , Codilean Alexandru , Corbett Lee , Caffee Marc
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Since the 1990s, analysis of cosmogenic nuclides, primarily 10Be, in quartz-bearing river sand, has allowed for quantitative determination of erosion rates at a basin scale. Paired measurements of in situ cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in sediment are less common but offers insight into the history of riverine sediment moving down slopes and through drainage basins. Prolonged sediment burial (>105 years), a violation of assumptions underlying erosion rate calculations, is indicated by higher 26Al-based than 10Be-based erosion rates due to preferential loss of shorter-lived 26Al by decay when quartz is shielded from cosmic rays. Here, we use a global compilation of 26Al and 10Be data generated from quartz-bearing fluvial sediment samples (n = 624, including 121 new measurements) and calculate the discordance between erosion rates derived from each nuclide. We test for correlations between such discordance and topographic metrics for drainage basins, allowing us to infer the likelihood of sediment burial during transport in different geomorphic settings. We find that nearly half of samples (n = 276) exhibit discordance (> 1σ uncertainty) between erosion rates derived from 10Be and 26Al, indicating sediment histories that must include extended burial during residence on hillslopes and/or in the fluvial system after or during initial near-surface exposure. Physical basin parameters such as basin area, slope, and tectonic activity exhibit significant correlation with erosion rate discordance whereas climatic parameters have little correlation. Our analysis suggests that 26Al/10Be erosion rate discordance occurs more regularly in basins larger than 1,000 km2, particularly when such basins have low average slopes and are in tectonically quiescent terrains. Sediment sourced from smaller, steeper basins in tectonically active regions is more likely to have similar 10Be and 26Al erosion rates indicative of limited storage and limited burial during residence in the hillslope and fluvial sediment system. The data and analysis we present demonstrate that paired 26Al and 10Be analyses in detrital fluvial samples can provide a window into watershed processes, elucidating landscape behavior at different spatial scales and allowing a deeper understanding of both sediment routing systems and whether erosion rate assumptions are violated. Large lowland basins are more likely to transport detrital sediment that has experienced prolonged sediment storage and burial either on hillslopes and/or in fluvial networks; thus, erosion rates from such basins are lower limits due to nuclide decay during storage. Conversely, samples from smaller upland basins are more likely to provide reliable erosion rates.
Retrieval of snow and soil properties for forward radiative transfer modeling of airborne Ku-band SAR to estimate snow water equivalent: the Trail Valley Creek 2018/19 snow experiment
Authors: Montpetit Benoit , King Joshua , Meloche Julien , Derksen Chris , Siqueira Paul , Adam J. Max , Toose Peter , Brady Mike , Wendleder Anna , Vionnet Vincent , Leroux Nicolas R.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Accurate snow information at high spatial and temporal resolution is needed to support climate services, water resource management, and environmental prediction services. However, snow remains the only element of the water cycle without a dedicated Earth observation mission. The snow scientific community has shown that Ku-band radar measurements provide quality snow information with its sensitivity to snow water equivalent and the wet/dry state of snow. With recent developments of tools like the snow micropenetrometer (SMP) to retrieve snow microstructure data in the field and radiative transfer models like the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model, it becomes possible to properly characterize the snow and how it translates into radar backscatter measurements. An experiment at Trail Valley Creek (TVC), Northwest Territories, Canada, was conducted during the winter of 2018/19 in order to characterize the impacts of varying snow geophysical properties on Ku-band radar backscatter at a 100 m scale. Airborne Ku-band data were acquired using the University of Massachusetts radar instrument. This study shows that it is possible to calibrate SMP data to retrieve statistical information on snow geophysical properties and properly characterize a representative snowpack at the experiment scale. The tundra snowpack measured during the campaign can be characterize by two layers corresponding to a rounded snow grain layer and a depth hoar layer. Using RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X data, soil background roughness properties were retrieved (msssoil=0.010±0.002), and it was shown that a single value could be used for the entire domain. Microwave snow grain size polydispersity values of 0.74 and 1.11 for rounded and depth hoar snow grains, respectively, were retrieved. Using the geometrical optics surface backscatter model, the retrieved effective soil permittivity increased from C-band (εsoil=2.47) to X-band (εsoil=2.61) and to Ku-band (εsoil=2.77) for the TVC domain. Using the SMRT and the retrieved soil and snow parameterizations, an RMSE of 2.6 dB was obtained between the measured and simulated Ku-band backscatter values when using a global set of parameters for all measured sites. When using a distributed set of soil and snow parameters, the RMSE drops to 0.9 dB. This study thus shows that it is possible to link Ku-band radar backscatter measurements to snow conditions on the ground using a priori knowledge of the snow conditions to retrieve snow water equivalent (SWE) at the 100 m scale.
Utilization of the DJI Phantom 3 Advance Quadcopter Type Drone Vehicle for Area Mapping of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic Campus
Authors: Widyasasi Dyah , Pramono Dwi Agung , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Aquastini Dwinita , Malaysia Emi , Djatmiko Rudi
Published: August 2024

This research is motivated by the fact that currently remote sensing technology continues to develop, both in terms of data collection and processing. This is characterized by the existence of data collection techniques using unmanned aerial vehicles for aerial photo mapping. The advantage of using this technology is that it is effective and efficient both in terms of time and human resources for mapping in areas that are not too large. Another advantage is that it can produce clearer photos, because the plane's flying height is below 400 meters above ground level so that during the shooting process there is no cloud interference. The aim of this research is to create an aerial photo map at the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic, validate objects in aerial photos and in the field, and provide information about the area, boundaries and topography of the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. The implementation of activities and research objects is the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic campus area. This research uses a small format aerial photo mapping method using a Quadcopter, making it easier to determine where to start taking off and landing. With a Quadcopter vehicle, grounding problems are no longer an obstacle. The research results showed that photography carried out with a Quadcopter at a height of 200 m above the ground produced an area of 28.17 Ha and a spatial resolution of 8.40 cm/pixel. The validation results in aerial photos and in the field using drones have a small difference between 0-4 cm with an average of 1.625 cm/photo. From the digitization results of campus objects, there are 30 objects on campus with a total area of 2.67 Ha. As for the topography results in the campus area, the highest point is 107.5 meters above sea level and the lowest point is 60 meters above sea level.
تجربة إعادة هيكلة وإصلاح الجهاز المصرفي السوداني خلال الفترة من 2000م الى 2018م
Authors:   بنك السودان المركزي، جمهورية السودان, إبراهيم طارق
Published: August 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على تجربة البنك المركزي السوداني في إعادة هيكلة وإصلاح الجهاز المصرفي وتبيين ما الذي يحققه الإصلاح المصرفي على مستوى التطور في الجهاز المصرفي، والتركيز على السياسات الإصلاحية المتبعة في إعادة هيكلة وإصلاح الجهاز المصرفي، والدعوة لعدم التفكير النمطي والنظر إلى معالجة الأوضاع المالية والإدارية في الجهاز المصرفي بشمولية والتوصل إلى حلول إصلاحية مناسبة وخلاقة. وتتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي السردي التاريخي من خلال جمع المعلومات والبيانات المرتبطة بتجربة الإصلاح المصرفي وإعادة الهيكلة في السودان، ولمعرفة تجارب وعمليات الإصلاح المصرفي على تطور أداء الجهاز المصرفي السوداني، قامت الدراسة على إستعراض تجربة إعادة هيكلة وإصلاح الجهاز المصرفي السوداني خلال الفترة من 2000 إلى 2018م، كما توضح الدراسة مراحل عمليات الإصلاح التي تمت خلال الفترة المذكورة في رسم الرؤية الإصلاحية للجهاز المصرفي السوداني. تم إستخلاص بعض النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة ومنها أن الدمج المصرفي وبرامج الإصلاح المالي والإداري هي من أحد أهم الوسائل الناجعة في معالجة مشاكل الجهاز المصرفي وتطور الأداء. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة يوصي الباحث بأن يجب على الجهات الإشرافية على الجهاز المصرفي العمل على إصدار تشريعات متخصصة تؤطر لإجراءات وسياسات الإصلاح المصرفي بصورة محددة، وبناء القدرات في مجال الإصلاح المصرفي وخلق خبراء متخصصين في تنفيذ عمليات الإصلاح المصرفي الشامل أو الجزئي، وذلك تسهيلا لعملية تطبيق وتنفيذ الإصلاح المصرفي والحصول على النتائج المرجوة لتطوير أداء الجهاز المصرفي.
THE TEACHER’S EFFORT TO INCREASE ENGLISH LEARNING ACTIVITIES AT THE ELEVENTH-GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK NEGERI 1 REJOTANGAN DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Azidda Fazana Ninar
Published: August 2024

This thesis discusses The Teacher’s Effort to Increase English Learning Activities at the Eleventh Grade Students of SMK Negeri 1 Rejotangan During Pandemic Covid-19. Researcher was focused the research on: 1). The teacher’s efforts to increase English learning activities at the eleventh-grade students 2). The inhibiting factors for teacher when increasing English learning activities at the eleventh-grade students 3). The supporting factors for teacher when increasing English learning activities at the eleventh-grade students. This study used a qualitative approach. Research subjects: eleventh-grade English teacher’s, assistant principal of academic. Data collection techniques: observation, interview, questionnaire, documentation. The results of research conducted by researcher are follows: 1). The teacher's effort to increase of English learning activities at SMK Negeri 1 Rejotangan during pandemic Covid-19 can be done by teaching applied by teachers. The teacher designs lesson plans, pays attention to teaching materials and the use of learning media and appropriate learning methods. Therefore, students become motivated to receive, master and develop the material obtained from the teacher 2). The inhibiting factors experienced by teachers when increasing English learning activities are limited interaction, forgetting the lesson schedule, difficult economic complaints from parents, quotas and internet networks that are less than optimal when the learning process takes place, and minimal enthusiasm for learning 3). The supporting factors experienced by teachers when increasing English learning activities are teachers preparing learning tools ranging from lesson plans, media and learning methods, teacher mastery in the field of information technology, student attendance on time according to schedule, good and smooth internet network, and then collecting assignments on time according to the deadline.
ANALISIS PROSES PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA SMP MELALUI PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERDASARKAN ADVERSITY QUOTIENT
Authors: Asmana Arezqi Tunggal , Nugroho Ariq Naufal
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the process of solving mathematical problems based on students' Adversity Quotient. This research was conducted in class VIII B of MTs Tanwirul Qulub for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. The subjects consisted of 6 people, namely 2 students in the climber category, 2 students in the camper category, and 2 students in the quitter category. Data collection techniques used were pre-test, post-test, questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire was used to find out the Adversity Quotient of students based on the 3 categories as a whole. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that the process of solving students' mathematical problems based on the Adversity Quotient for the climber, camper, and quitter categories has different processes. Students based on the Adversity Quotient in the climber category are able to carry out the process of solving mathematical problems well on 4 problem solving indicators with the maximum which results in success in solving the problems they face. Students based on the Adversity Quotient in the camper category are able to understand the problem well, plan the correct solution to the problem, carry out the settlement plan well, but are not optimal in checking again. Students based on the Adversity Quotient quitter category have not fulfilled the four indicators of mathematical problem solving.
Abortion, Full Faith and Credit, and the "Judicial Power" Under Article III
Authors: Brilmayer Lea
Published: August 2024

Interstate judgments enforcement is governed by the Full Faith and Credit Clause of Article IV of the Constitution, together with its implementing statute, 28 U.S.C. 1738. Although a highly technical area of the law, interstate judgments enforcement has important social repercussions for some very modern problems of great cultural significance. One of the currently significant applications is the interstate enforcement of judgments rendered in civil suits based on state anti-abortion laws. For example, Texas statute S.B. 8 gives anyone who wishes to sue a civil cause of action against persons who facilitate abortions. Even complete strangers to the abortion can decide to become a plaintiff in such an action and can sue for money “damages” despite having suffered no injury.
      Non-experts seem to have the impression that the Full Faith and Credit Clause presents an ironclad requirement that judgments of sister states must always be enforced. If thatwere the case, states that recognize reproductive freedom would be obliged to enforce judgments entered into in states like Texas, despite their strong public policy against such actions. This Article shows why this impression is mistaken.
     First, the full faith and credit principle has for centuries been subject to exceptions,several of which are potentially relevant in the reproductive freedom context. Theseinclude lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the public policy exception, and the penallaw exception. In addition, a uniform law adopted in forty-eight states (the UniformEnforcement of Foreign Judgments Act) permits the state enforcing the judgment to applyits own judgments law to an interstate enforcement proceeding. The enforcing state will therefore apply to foreign state judgments any exceptions to judgments enforcement lawthat it has as a general matter for its own domestic judgments.
     Second, and more importantly, the Clause and statute both contain an important qualification: they apply only to “judicial” actions. This exception prevents a state from requiring sister-state enforcement of decisions that do not meet the usual tests for a judicial “case or controversy” (as defined in Article III of the Constitution). Article III and Article IV both use the word “judicial” to specify the standard necessary for the exercise of federal power. These two neighboring constitutional provisions are supported by a common historical origin (they were drafted at the same time and by some of the same people at the constitutional drafting convention) and fulfill comparable functions. If the two constitutional provisions are treated the same, judgments under statutes like Texas S.B. 8 would not be given mandatory force in other states because such cases would not meet the standing requirement imposed by Article III.
A GREEN UV-RESISTANT NR-POLYDOPAMINE-TIO2@SIO2 COMPOSITE WITH HIGH MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BASED ON AN ELECTROSTATIC ADSORPTION EFFECT
Authors: Li Y. , Yuan Y. Z. , Zhang Y. , Sun J. Y. , Tian X. H. , Jin J. , Wu W. B.
Published: August 2024

Antioxidants are usually added into NR to resist the oxidation caused by UV irradiation, whereas commonly used antioxidants are usually organic and prone to decomposition and migration. Inorganic UV absorbers such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles can maintain chemical stability under UV radiation, whereas the hydroxyl radicals from electron-hole pairs in TiO2 would damage the NR matrix and the poor compatibility of TiO2 with NR limited the process. Therefore, inert SiO2 is coated on TiO2 (TiO2@SiO2) to reduce its photocatalytic activity, and polydopamine (PDA) is coated on rubber to improve stability. The strong light-absorbing properties of PDA could also improve the UV-resistant ability of NR. In addition, poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) coating NR-PDA provides the matrix negative charge, and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride wrapped around TiO2@SiO2 can give a positive charge, thereby moderating the compatibility between the filler and the matrix through electrostatic adsorption. The green UV-resistant natural composite NR-PDA-TiO2@SiO2 was fabricated. The composites exhibited strong tensile strength and excellent UV-resistant properties, which particularly extend the service life of rubber products as UV-shielding materials, thus showing significant potential in extreme environments.
High-Resolution Detection of Earth Structural Heterogeneities from Seismic Amplitudes using Convolutional Neural Networks with Attention layers
Authors: Schirmer Luiz , Schardong Guilherme , da Silva Vinicius , Santos Rogerio , Lopes Helio
Published: August 2024

Earth structural heterogeneities have a remarkable role in the petroleum economy for both exploration and production projects. Automatic detection of detailed structural heterogeneities is challenging when considering modern machine learning techniques like deep neural networks. Typically, these techniques can be an excellent tool for assisted interpretation of such heterogeneities, but it heavily depends on the amount of data to be trained. We propose an efficient and cost-effective architecture for detecting seismic structural heterogeneities using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) combined with Attention layers. The attention mechanism reduces costs and enhances accuracy, even in cases with relatively noisy data. Our model has half the parameters compared to the state-of-the-art, and it outperforms previous methods in terms of Intersection over Union (IoU) by 0.6% and precision by 0.4%. By leveraging synthetic data, we apply transfer learning to train and fine-tune the model, addressing the challenge of limited annotated data availability.
Cuidados Paliativos no Ensino Médico: Integrando a Abordagem Humanizada na Formação Médica
Authors: Navarro Karoline Batisti Riato , Rocha Isabella Moraes , Teixeira Emile Fernandes Spinassi , Santos Junior Newton Carvalhal , Esteves Roberto Zonato , Almeida Marcio José de
Published: August 2024

O ensino dos cuidados paliativos nos cursos de medicina brasileiros é muito incipiente, segundo o que se depreende pela observação das práticas dos profissionais formados, pelo cotidiano das instituições de ensino e conforme os resultados de várias pesquisas realizadas. A falta de uma legislação a respeito e a ausência de políticas públicas que sustentem o desenvolvimento desse campo sempre foram as principais justificativas apresentadas para essa realidade. Nos últimos anos ocorreram avanços legislativos significativos na área, como a inclusão do tema nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em 2022 e a publicação da Política Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos em 2024. Esses passos foram importantes, mas não suficientes. A partir desse contexto, propõe-se um ensaio reflexivo metodológico para pensar a respeito dos esforços a fim de ampliar o ensino de cuidados paliativos nas universidades, além de apontar os obstáculos enfrentados, como resistências institucionais e a escassez de profissionais capacitados. A partir dessas discussões, o ensaio propõe um conjunto de competências que os estudantes de medicina devem desenvolver durante o curso para estarem aptos a atuar nos níveis básicos e gerais dos Cuidados Paliativos. O desafio é grande e depende de estratégias bem definidas, articulação de planejamento e flexibilidade curricular para que essas mudanças possam ocorrer. Este ensaio visa contribuir para o alinhamento das práticas do ensino médico com as novas disposições legais existentes, sempre com foco na formação de médicos mais bem preparados para lidar com as complexidades do final da vida.
Pandemia da Covid-19 e Seus Impactos sobre os/as Jovens Rurais do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária: Estudo de Caso – Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Urutaí
Authors: Mesquita Marlene Aparecida , Pereira Jorge Luiz de Goes
Published: August 2024

Este artigo busca compreender os impactos sofridos pelos jovens rurais do Curso Técnico em Agropecuária do Instituto Federal Goiano diante da Pandemia da COVID-19. Traz os relatos de suas experiências a partir das adaptações que se fizeram necessárias para continuarem os estudos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, onde utilizamos o método de Estudo de Caso e levantamento de dados através de Rodas de Conversas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e levantamento de documentos oficiais. Podemos observar que muitos foram os desafios enfrentados pelos jovens rurais que se viram diante do inusitado imposto pela Pandemia, levando a descontinuação dos estudos para alguns e um grande esforço para continuarem por outros. Sendo jovens rurais, as dificuldades de acesso à internet e os meios eletrônicos adotados no ensino remoto se somaram ao maior isolamento e distanciamento da escola e dos amigos de classe.
Variasjonar i psykisk helsevern – status og forklaringsfaktorar
Authors: Breidablik Hans Johan , Meland Eivind , Bjørnsen Emma Helene , Skrede Oddne
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Reducing unwanted variation is one of the goals of Norwegian health policy. We mapped variations among municipalities in Health Region West in the use of specialist health services that fall under the chapter on mental health care and substance use in ICD-10, and looked at various variables that may be related to these. Method: Data were retrieved from the Samhandlingsbarometer, an online open-source portal, and systematized by the authors. The annual rate per 1,000 inhabitants of hospital admissions and outpatient/day treatments per municipality was used as the result variables. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression were useful for investigating the association between independent variables and outcome variables. Results: The results showed large differences in the use of specialist health services in the municipalities, with a factor of 6.7 (hospital admissions) and 8.3 (outpatient clinic contacts). In adjusted analyses, we found that higher overall costs for health and care services in the municipalities were associated with fewer hospital admissions (β –.378–95 % CI –.616; –.142) and fewer outpatient/day treatments (β –.541 –.649; –.323). The number of users in municipal mental health services was associated with more hospital admissions (β .514 .298; .726) and more use of psychotropic drugs in connection with outpatient/day treatments (β .485 .263; .703). Home-based care for younger inhabitants (< 67 years) was also positively associated with the use of both hospital admissions (β .494, .266; .724) and outpatient/day treatments (β .471 .239; .703). Both the prevalence of marginalisation (not in employment, education or training) and a high level of education were associated with higher use of outpatient clinics (β .355 .132; .577 and β .296 .064; .528), while a dispersed housing pattern was associated with fewer hospital admissions (β –.421 –.679; –.158) and outpatient day treatments (β –.386 –.627; –.145). The explained variance of the multivariable models was small to moderately high (R2 .07 – .51). Conclusion: Morbidity, use of resources for municipal health care, and sociodemographic differences are related to the rate of admissions and outpatient/day treatments. The findings do not unequivocally indicate that greater resource use in the municipalities covaries with less use of specialist health services, although some of the findings point in that direction. Relative inequalities in municipalities, where many inhabitants have a high level of education and where many experience marginalisation (not in employment, education or training) are associated with high consumption of specialist health services in mental health care.

Keywords: practice variation, specialist health service, psychiatry, substance use treatment
Erfaringer fra implementering av kunnskapsbaserte behandlingsmetoder for posttraumatisk stresslidelse
Authors: Peters Nadina , Rennemo Linda Iren , Bækkelund Harald , Egeland Karina M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to shed light on how implementation of a new practice in mental healthcare can be carried out. We describe experiences with systematic implementation of treatment methods for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in outpatient mental healthcare clinics in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust (HNT) in 2020–2021. We also examined how many patients were diagnosed with PTSD and how many consultations were given targeting PTSD before, during and after the implementation period (2017–2023). Method: The authors’ subjective experiences with the implementation process were shared and discussed. Two of the authors were implementation facilitators, and one author was a first-level leader in one of the outpatient clinics. Administrative data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Trust were collected and analysed. Results: The first-level leaders at the four outpatient clinics initiated regular digital meetings where they shared experiences and solved problems during implementation. All employees were involved in the implementation process. A larger percentage of patients was diagnosed with PTSD during the implementation period (12 %) compared with the period before (8 %) and after (10 %) implementation. The same applied to the percentage of consultations for the same patient group (13 %) compared with the period before (9 %) and after (1 %) implementation. Implications: This study gives a practical example of systematic implementation of a new practice in a Norwegian health trust. The study also shows how administrative data can be used in the evaluation of an implementation.

Keywords: implementation, PTSD, evidence-based practice, trauma, outpatient mental healthcare
Improving the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) Using a Physics-Based Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) Model
Authors: Xie Yu , Sengupta Manajit , Yang Jaemo , Buster Grant , Benton Brandon , Habte Aron , Liu Yangang
Published: August 2024

The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is a widely used resource providing satellite-derived solar data across the United States and globally. While the NSRDB employs a physical model for computing global horizontal irradiance (GHI), its current method for estimating cloudy-sky direct normal irradiance (DNI) relies on surface observations and empirical models. Recently, a novel physics-based approach, the Fast All-Sky Radiation Model for Solar applications with DNI (FARMS-DNI), was developed to enhance the DNI forecasting. FARMS-DNI incorporates both direct and scattered solar radiation within the circumsolar region, resulting in improved day-ahead DNI predictions when integrated into the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Solar extensions (WRF-Solar). This study integrates FARMS-DNI into the NSRDB algorithm to generate high-resolution DNI data from satellite resources. Our findings reveal that FARMS-DNI effectively mitigates the substantial DNI overestimation present in the conventional NSRDB across surface sites, particularly in conditions categorized as cloudy overcast. Consequently, this innovative model substantially enhances the overall accuracy of the NSRDB.