bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical and machine learning application approach to predict mass flowrate
Authors: Rahmali A T C , Prajitno P , Surpan S , Sari I P , Junaidi A
Published: October 2023

Flow measurement is one of the critical points in the industrial process measurement. Mass flow measurement, as an alternative flow measuring method, is usually chosen to prevent temperature effects to the density that would be impacted directly to the flow measurement. One of the most popular direct mass flow measurements is Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF). CMF which has an accuracy of mass flow measurement up to 0.1% of reading, recently became widely used for valuable fluids mass flowrate measurement. The challenge of the flow measurement will not stop in the selection and the smart capabilities of the flow instrument itself; another issue that appears during process measurement is the absence of the installed CMF as a mandatory installed, local pressure measurement could be a physical parameter that could be used to predict the mass flowrate using statistical and machine learning algorithms. This virtual flow measurement method will be an approach to face the absence of physical flowmeter issues, especially in critical or remote operation processes.
Mathematical model to calculate the total number of decays in Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy using nonlinear mixed effect modelling
Authors: Jadidan A , Ananda F D , Muhammad Z , Hardiansyah D
Published: October 2023

The calculation of an individual total number of decays or time-integrated activities (TIAs) of a radiopharmaceutical for kidneys is desirable for dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy. The accuracy of the TIAs calculation relies heavily on the chosen fit model. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best mathematical model of 177Lu-DOTATATE in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using the nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) and model selection method. Pharmacokinetics data of 177Lu-DOTATATE in the kidneys of ten PRRT patients were obtained from the literature (PMID: 33443063). Eleven sums of exponential (SOE) functions were fitted to the pharmacokinetics data in the NLME framework. The model selection was performed based on the goodness of fit test and the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). The goodness of fit was evaluated based on the fitted graphs visualization, coefficient of variations (CV<50%), and the off-diagonal elements of the correlation matrix (-0,8≤CM≤0,8). In general, all SOE functions were successfully fitted to the pharmacokinetic data of 177Lu-DOTATATE in kidneys. The function

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Revealing the rock heterogeneity in Sebau, Lombok Island by applying morphological and elemental composition analyses
Authors: Febriani F , Zubaidah T , Herbani Y , Astuti W , Dewi C N
Published: October 2023

Lombok Island is situated in east Indonesia. Its heterogeneity is very complex. It is one of the seismically and volcanically active regions in Indonesia. Several earthquakes occurred on Lombok Island in July-August 2018. Lombok Island is also known as the place of an active volcano (Mt. Rinjani) and geothermal resources in Indonesia. We applied the morphological and elemental composition analyses to know in more detail the rock heterogeneity in Lombok Island by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). In this study, we chose the Sebau hot springs as the study area and collected the rock sample in the study area in August 2022. The FESEM-EDS result shows that the crystalline structures of the rock sample have a compact, unconsolidated, and fine structure with some layers. The significant elements of the rock samples by applying XRF analysis are Si (36.91%) and Fe (30.787%). It is also supported by the XRD analysis that revealed the dominant compounds in the rock samples are pyrite (FeS2) and cristobalite (SiO2). Therefore, there is an indication of the study area is the surface manifestation of the past Mount Rinjani volcanic activity.
Wave-field interpretation of quantum mechanics
Authors: Rifai B , Palupi D S , Rosyid M F
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we address a gap in the conventional interpretations of quantum mechanics, specifically the requirement for a more comprehensive description of particle and light phenomena. We introduce an alternative interpretation underpinned by the traditional mathematical framework of quantum mechanics, thus ensuring compatibility with established principles. Central to our proposition is the concept that particles and light fundamentally manifest as a ubiquitous wave field, each point of which is imbued with unique energy characteristics. This perspective provides a consistent resolution to the long-standing quantum measurement problem and offers a fresh lens through which to understand the intricacies of phenomena such as the double-slit experiment. Our proposed interpretational approach represents a crucial first step towards more comprehensive research, aiming to provide analytical proof and design experiments that verify this wave field interpretation.
Reconstruction of digital teaching materials with Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) context on newton’s gravity-tidal flood content
Authors: Nuraini Y , Saefullah A , Septiyanto R F , Guntara Y , Jamaludin U , Rostikawati D A
Published: October 2023

This research is motivated by the frequent emergence of news regarding the issue of tidal floods that occur due to a lunar eclipse, which is related to Newton’s law of gravity. On the other hand, it is known from the 2018 PISA results that, in general, students’ scientific literacy in Indonesia is low. One of the efforts to increase students’ scientific literacy is to provide teaching materials in the context of socio-scientific issues (SSI). This study aimed to determine the results of the reconstruction, assessment, and students’ responses to teaching materials with the SSI context on Newton’s Gravity-Tidal Flood content. This research was conducted by Research and Development (R&D) method, by design is ADDIE. This research has succeeded in reconstructing digital teaching materials with the SSI context on Newtonian gravity-tidal floods, which consists of four sub-chapters. Teaching materials are evaluated in 2 ways: validity based on general criteria and validity based on Badan Nasional Standarisasi Pendidikan (BNSP) criteria. The assessment score is 89.50%, showing that the material teaching materials are feasible and meet the requirements for the physics learning process. Student response score of 87.79% indicates that the teaching materials with the SSI context on Newton’s gravity-tidal flood material have been understood and meet student learning expectations. The book “Newton’s Gravity & Tidal Flood Based on Socioscitific Issue” can be accessed at https://online.fliphtml5.com/mcvyo/tvnu/#p=1.
Analysis of teachers and prospective physics teachers’ difficulties in implementing problem-based learning model to improve students’ 4c skills
Authors: Nurhayati N , Suhandi A , Muslim M , Kaniawati I
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the difficulties of teachers and prospective physics teachers in applying problem-based learning models to advance students’ 4C skills. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were 11 physics teachers and ten physics teacher candidates. Qualitative data were collected using questionnaires and lesson plans and analyzed descriptively. The study results show that teachers and prospective teachers experience difficulties implementing PBL in learning. The teacher’s difficulty designing PBL-based learning was 72.73%, executing 63.64%, and assessing 18.18%. Meanwhile, the difficulty for prospective teachers in designing PBL-based learning is 80%, implementing is 70%, and assessing is 40%. The most serious difficulty for teachers and prospective teachers in designing PBL is designing unstructured problems that are the focus of PBL. Difficulties in implementing PBL include facilitating, guiding, and providing scaffolding in the form of cognitive questions, supporting student initiatives, and creating group social interaction during the learning process. Difficulties in assessing learning include difficulties in making judgments to measure 4C skills. For this reason, physics teachers and prospective teachers still need training in implementing PBL in physics learning to improve 4C skills.
Development of a tectonic earthquake knowledge enrichment digital book to improve students’ critical thinking skill
Authors: Serevina V , Lipikuni H F , Maulana D
Published: October 2023

In order to enhance students’ critical thinking skills, this study is creating a digital book about tectonic earthquakes that can improve students’ critical thinking skills. The benefit of this book is that it can improve students’ critical thinking skills, which was proven to physics study program students at the University of San Pedro Kupang, NTT, Indonesia. The development model, ADDIE, which stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, is used in this research method, known as research and development (RnD). The network can access knowledge enrichment books created with the Page-Flip Pro 3D application and accompanied by videos, pictures, content of materials, presentation, language, and graphics. A sample of 49 current participants in the physics study program was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Experts in media, material, and learning conducted the validation. The validation results of media experts were 82,5 (very good), material experts were 76 (very good), and learning experts were 81 (very good). Then this digital book was tested on physics students’ critical thinking skills. N-Gain critical thinking test produced a score of 91.34% (effective). So, the development of a tectonic earthquake knowledge enrichment digital book can improve students’ critical thinking skills.
Physics laboratory with smartphone: sound and light
Authors: Averina I , Yusuf E
Published: October 2023

We applied smartphone technology to deliver key concepts in light and sound in the Physics Laboratory course. We used the Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite app to demonstrate the spatial and material dependence of the sound intensity level and illuminance. Self-contained modules, which consist of instruction, handouts, and analysis, are provided on the University’s Learning Management System platform to allow students to perform self-directed study on the concept through self-exploration and collaborative experimental activity. This work provides an example of an alternative but potentially powerful learning ecosystem for the future.
Development of HOTS-based assessment instruments in calculating building structures moment for Vocational High Schools (VHS)
Authors: Arthur R , Daryati D , Maulana A , Ahmad A , Putri A I , Nababan A P D
Published: October 2023

Vocational High School (VHS) is a secondary school that offers skill-based education with the main aim of providing students with knowledge and skills that are suitable to apply in the workplace after graduation. Digitalization in the industrial revolution 4.0 era requires VHS graduates to think analytically, adaptive, creatively, and innovative at a higher level. Therefore, a more weighty test instrument is needed to determine students’ thinking skills by measuring higher-order thinking skills or HOTS. This study aims to confirm the extent to which the indicators in the instrument items can measure the achievement of material or learning competence in engineering mechanics and the implications of measurement models for HOTS questions on engineering mechanics. Engineering mechanics is a concept of physics that discusses structures and their working loads. This study used is Research and Development (R&D) method with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) data analysis techniques. The number of samples used in the study was 200 VHS students with property construction technology expertise. The analysis process is carried out with the help of JASP software. The results obtained in this study are 11 measurement models obtained using JASP, namely the fit measurement model.
The integration of mobile learning in STEM-PjBL for Physics learning: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bakri F P , Budi E , Rahmawati Y
Published: October 2023

Mobile learning (m-learning) has emerged as a promising educational approach that utilizes mobile devices to enhance learning experiences. In the field of STEM education, the integration of m-learning with PjBL as means to foster student engagement and facilitate deep learning. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to examine the existing research on integrating m-learning in STEM-PjBL specifically focused on physics learning. The research method used is an SLR collected 214 articles and then selected 50 articles based on themes about m-learning integration, STEM-PjBL, and physics learning from scientific international literature indexed by Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate, Elsevier, ERIC, Springer, Taylor & Francis Group. The synthesis of existing studies informs about 1) the effectiveness of integration m-learning in STEM for kinematics, magnetism, and other physics topics; 2) the benefits obtained are knowing the media for learning, increasing students’ motivation, HOTS, problem-solving skills, and science process skills; and 3) the challenges of technological development in education are very fast and associated with this instructional approach. With 18 articles or 36% of the entire article, devoted to the quantitative method, those three primary topics are the device/m-learning, PjBL, and learning models. Based on the findings of this literature review, m-learning materials for physics instruction, m-learning that is integrated with different learning models, and STEM-PjBL implementation for improving students’ 21st-century skills.
E-learning based on PjBL integrated to STEM using microsoft sway on parabol motion materials to improve critical thinking ability of high school class X students
Authors: Astra I M , Kartini K
Published: October 2023

Technology is very influential on education, where technology cannot be separated from life; technological progress will go according to the development of education. Therefore, this study aims to produce e-learning based on PjBL products assisted by integrated Microsoft Sway STEM with the hope that these products can be helpful for the wider community, can broaden teachers’ insights about various forms of appropriate learning media as alternative learning materials in the learning process glasses in class, and can be used for students to study physics independently at home. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) as a development model with several stages, namely analyzing the needs of Sway e-learning learning media, product design, design validation, design revision, product trials, product revisions, final products. The results of this study are based on an average proportion of the material validation test of 96.25%, the media validation test of 73.62%, the learning validation test of 80%, and product assessment by the teacher’s perspective of 89.23%, and product assessment by students by 88.4%. With an overall average of 85.5%, based on product validation and trials, a proportion of 85.5%, Sway’s e-learning learning media is in the very feasible category, and it was also found that the n-gain score of 0. 58 was in the medium category. From the results of the n-gain value, it is concluded that e-learning based on PjBLintegratded to STEM products using Microsoft sway on parabolic motion material can improve students’ critical thinking.
Improving high school students’ conceptual knowledge using contextual E-Module on optical devices topic
Authors: Aprianti R , Ambarwulan D , Purwahida R
Published: October 2023

Since the covid pandemic, learning has continued to innovate, especially in the technological era. This innovation is urgently needed to improve the quality of education, including in learning Physics. Teachers are required to be able to integrate ICT to produce electronic teaching media. One of the media that high school physics teachers can develop is an e-module based on contextual learning for high school optical devices. In this study, the e-module used was validated, so the researchers immediately collected data on the effect of using the module on students’ conceptual knowledge of optical devices. In this study, researchers used qualitative methods. The instrument used was a survey using Google Forms, while the t-test was used to test the hypothesis. The study results provide information that e-modules based on contextual learning on optical devices Topic at the high school level was improved in the moderate category. The results of testing the hypothesis t-test where the value of tcount > ttable then Ha is accepted, that is there is a significant influence between the use of contextual-based optical devices e-modules on conceptual knowledge of optical devices in class XI high school students. This means that the e-module has been successfully developed and can be used to increase students’ conceptual knowledge. Although it does not rule out other variables that can still affect students’ conceptual knowledge.
Design of a light refractive index practicum tool to train science process skills in basic Physics Practicum II
Authors: Fitri U R , Nisa S K , Zetra M F , Ziveria M , Muhara I
Published: October 2023

The design of this light refractive index practicum tool aims to design and make developments from existing tools. This research uses the Borg and Gall method, which is limited to the initial development stage. In the first stage, researchers made field observations about this practicum tool and conducted literature studies to find references for tool design, namely determining materials. The second stage determines the components of the tool and makes a design in the form of a 3-dimensional image to determine the scale of the tool size. Furthermore, the third stage is the development of researchers realizing the design in the form of tool drawings into prototypes for laboratory scale trials and revising if there is still unstable data. After the data generated is stable, the tool is made according to the design with a size that matches the practicum tool until it is ready for a limited trial. The limitation of this research is because it is still in the laboratory scale trial stage to see the stability and accuracy of the data results on the tool.
Artificial intelligence in Physics Education: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Mahligawati F , Allanas E , Butarbutar M H , Nordin N A N
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in physics education. The study aims to explore the fundamental concepts of AI, its diverse applications in physics learning, and the benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. Through a systematic search of academic databases, a collection of relevant research articles, journals, conference papers, and books related to AI in physics education was obtained. The selected studies were analyzed and synthesized to develop a coherent framework for understanding the various ways AI is utilized in physics education, such as concept introduction, individualization, social interaction, and assessment. The findings underscore the positive impact of AI on enhancing conceptual understanding, providing personalized instruction, promoting social interaction, and improving assessment methods. However, challenges in terms of technical infrastructure, teacher training, data privacy, and ethical considerations were also identified. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, addressing these challenges, and fostering effective implementation of AI technologies in physics education. This review provides valuable insights for educators, researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to leverage AI’s potential to revolutionize physics education.
Monopoly-based augmented reality game design as a practice media in learning the Physics of magnetism concepts
Authors: Permana A H , Nugroho D A
Published: October 2023

The most common student problems are frequently forgetting concepts, lots of memorized formulas, difficulty imagining magnetic phenomena, and lack of motivation. The uses of Augmented Reality technology can help students to visualize magnetic phenomena, increase their mastery and motivate students. This study aims to design a monopoly-based augmented reality game as a practice media in learning physics of magnetism concept. This study uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The results of this study are Augmented Reality-Based Monopoly Games as practice media in learning the physics of Magnetism Concepts. The game developed is very feasible according to the results of feasibility test with likert scale of 1 to 5 by media experts, software engineering experts, subject matter experts, and readability testing score by teacher and students. The results are 87.37% from media experts, 86.58% from the software engineering experts, 87.78% from subject matter experts, 87.92% from teacher, and 91.77% from students. So, it can be concluded that the Augmented Reality-Based Monopoly Games developed is very feasible as practice media in learning the physics of Magnetism Concepts.
E-Modules of dynamic fluid using Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) approach android applications
Authors: Susanti D , Fauziah A D , Susila A B
Published: October 2023

In the digital era, students use smartphones as a platform to seek help and information, implement learning strategies, and online collaborative learning. Android is an operating system that is widely used in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to produce learning media in the form of dynamic fluid electronic module (E-module) with the STEM approach assisted by android applications. The research method used is Research and Development with the ADDIE development model. The results of this study have been tested for validation by material experts with an average percentage of all aspects of 80% (valid), by media experts with an average percentage of all aspects of 93.75% (very valid), by learning experts with an average the percentage of all aspects is 77.86% (valid) and by physics teachers with an average overall percentage of 99% (very valid). Then a product trial questionnaire was distributed to find out user responses to e-module involving high school students. The percentage of product trial questionnaire results by students is 95.74% (very valid). Based on the results of validation tests and product trials, the dynamic fluid e-module with the STEM approach assisted by the android application is declared valid so that it can be used as a instructional media for class XI high school students.
Improving high school students’ Physics learning outcomes using mind maps
Authors: Made Astra I
Published: October 2023

Based on the interview with accelerated second-grade senior high school students, most of them had difficulty remembering many physics subject matter in a short time, such as when facing a final exam. Likewise, from the literature study, it was found that there was no presentation of physics material that was easy to remember quickly in a short time. One solution idea that can be given is to use a Mind Map. This study aims to improve high school students learning outcomes in Physics by using Mind Maps and finding types of Mind Maps that are easy to learn. The research method used is a class action research method consisting of three cycles. Before using mind maps, the average physics learning outcomes were obtained at 48.3. In the first cycle using mind maps of the cobweb type, the average result obtained was 60.54, an increase of 25.34%. While the second cycle using tree root mind maps, the average obtained was 71.5, experiencing an increase of 18.1% from cycle 1. Meanwhile, cycle III using tree root mind map types obtained an average student physics learning outcome of 86.5, increased results by 20.97%. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of mind maps in physics learning can improve student learning outcomes. In comparison, the type of mind map that has the greatest influence is the type of tree roots. In other words, tree root-type mind maps can present physics material that is more easily understood by students.
The measurement of critical thinking skills of students on elasticity and Hooke Law topics
Authors: Susanti D , Ningsih J E S , Maulana S
Published: October 2023

This study aims to develop test instrument to measure critical thinking skills. The research respondent were 32 students senior high schools. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D). Researching using Mc Intire Development model. The result of the instrument validations showed 0.86-0.90 for V Aiken of material expert. Based on the result of the validation of material expert, this instrument test was valid. Based on the reliability, this instrument test was proper with Alpha Cronbach scores 0.86. This separation toward person with score H=3,46 and item reliability score 0.95 with separation value score H=6.21. Difficulty level value -2.23 until 2.90. The most difficult item was number 3. This instrument adequate of dimensionality with raw variance data 63.4% with expectation 63.9%. The respondent 02P was the most consistent in answered the test.
Contextual-based learning video and the flipped classroom’s impact on distance education in Covid-19
Authors: Paristiowati M , Hasibuan N A P , Aziziyah A , Ilmana M Z
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model using a video based on contextual learning in distance learning in senior high school. The research has carried out at Public School in Jakarta with 36 participants. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, reflective journals, and open-response questionnaires on the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model. The learning process was using a buffer solution video based on contextual learning with a flipped classroom model consisting of three stages, namely learning activities before classes, learning activities during classes, and learning activities after classes. There are four indicators of the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model analyzed, including indicators of student involvement, indicators of understanding the content of the subject matter, indicators of working on tests, and indicators of students’ perceptions of teaching with the flipped classroom model. The finding of this research concluded that the flipped classroom model using a video buffer solution based on contextual learning is effective for use during distance learning in high school because of the achievement of all competencies in each indicator of the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model.
Production of Fock mixtures in trapped ions for motional metrology
Authors: Delakouras Antonis , Rodríguez Daniel , Cerrillo Javier
Published: October 2023

We present a protocol to produce a class of non-thermal Fock state mixtures in trapped ions. This class of states features a clear metrological advantage with respect to the ground state, thus overcoming the standard quantum limit without the need for full sideband cooling and Fock-state preparation on a narrow electronic transition. The protocol consists in the cyclic repetition of red-sideband (RSB), measurement and preparation laser pulses. By means of the Kraus map representation of the protocol, it is possible to relate the length of the RSB pulses to the specific class of states that can be generated. With the help of numerical simulations, we analyse the parametric regime where these states can be reliably reproduced.
Recent developments in non-fullerene-acceptor-based indoor organic solar cells
Authors: Biswas Swarup , Lee Yongju , Choi Hyojeong , Kim Hyeok
Published: October 2023

For over a decade, donor-acceptor blends composed of organic donors and fullerene acceptors dominated indoor organic solar cells (IOSCs). Numerous researchers have invested time to conduct extensive studies on developing new donor acceptor materials, interlayers, minimizing energy losses, and enhancing the open-circuit voltage (V
OC) through device and material engineering, and optimizing device architectures to achieve highly efficient, environmentally stable, and commercially acceptable IOSCs. Through such efforts, the maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of IOSCs have surpassed 35%. In this regard, the transition from a fullerene to non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) is a useful strategy for enhancing the PCEs of IOSCs by allowing adjustment of the energy levels for compatibility with the indoor light spectrum and by improving photon absorption in the visible range, thereby boosting photocurrent generation and enhancing V
OC. NFA-based indoor organic photovoltaic systems have recently drawn interest from the scholarly community. To compete with the standard batteries used in the Internet of Things devices, additional research is needed to enhance several characteristics, including manufacturing costs and device longevity, which must maintain at least 80% of their initial PCEs for more than 10 years. Further development in this field can greatly benefit from a thorough and comprehensive review on this field. Hence, this review explores recent advances in IOSCs systems based on NFAs. First, we explain several methods used to create extremely effective IOSCs, IOSCs based on fullerene acceptors are next reviewed and discussed. The disadvantages of using fullerene acceptors in IOSCs are noted. Then, we introduce NFAs and explore existing research on the subject. Finally, we discuss the commercial potential of NFA-based IOSCs and their future outlook.
Deep Bayesian experimental design for quantum many-body systems
Authors: Sarra Leopoldo , Marquardt Florian
Published: October 2023

Bayesian experimental design is a technique that allows to efficiently select measurements to characterize a physical system by maximizing the expected information gain. Recent developments in deep neural networks and normalizing flows allow for a more efficient approximation of the posterior and thus the extension of this technique to complex high-dimensional situations. In this paper, we show how this approach holds promise for adaptive measurement strategies to characterize present-day quantum technology platforms. In particular, we focus on arrays of coupled cavities and qubit arrays. Both represent model systems of high relevance for modern applications, like quantum simulations and computing, and both have been realized in platforms where measurement and control can be exploited to characterize and counteract unavoidable disorder. Thus, they represent ideal targets for applications of Bayesian experimental design.
Referring and Articulating: Davidson and Haddock on Quotation
Authors: Zhu Zijian
Published: October 2023

Donald Davidson (1979) holds that quoting is a matter of referring demonstratively. In ‘The Wonder of Signs’, Adrian Haddock (2021) advances an original and challenging argument against this account of quotation. In this paper, I seek to defend Davidson’s account against Haddock’s argument, with an eye to shedding some light on a more fundamental disagreement Haddock has with Davidson.
Differences in iron balance observed with dietary cholic acid supplementation and marginal iron deficiency in rats
Authors: Kubota Natsuki , Hori Shota , Ishizuka Satoshi
Published: October 2023

We investigated whether a cholic acid (CA)–supplemented diet and marginal iron deficiency (MID) diet influence hepatic lipid accumulation and iron balance in rats for 2 weeks. The CA diet enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation and modulated iron metabolism such as enhancement of fecal iron excretion, reduction in iron absorption, and no alteration in plasma iron levels. The MID diet did not alter hepatic lipid concentrations with reduced iron concentration in the liver and plasma. In combination, influence of the CA supplementation on the hepatic iron concentration was opposite between iron-sufficient and MID conditions. In the liver, the CA diet enhanced lipocalin 2 expression, whereas the MID diet enhanced transferrin receptor 1 expression and reduced hepcidin expression. This study revealed an involvement of 12-hydroxylated bile acids in regulation of hepatic iron concentration under MID condition.
Longitudinal change in mismatch negativity (MMN) but not in gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is associated with psychological difficulties in adolescence
Authors: Usui Kaori , Kirihara Kenji , Araki Tsuyoshi , Tada Mariko , Koshiyama Daisuke , Fujioka Mao , Nishimura Ryoichi , Ando Shuntaro , Koike Shinsuke , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Shirakawa Toru , Toriyama Rie , Masaoka Mio , Fujikawa Shinya , Endo Kaori , Yamasaki Syudo , Nishida Atsushi , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: October 2023

Adolescence is a critical period for psychological difficulties. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) are representative electrophysiological indices that mature during adolescence. However, the longitudinal association between MMN/ASSR and psychological difficulties among adolescents remains unclear. We measured MMN amplitude for duration and frequency changes and ASSR twice in a subsample (n = 67, mean age 13.4 and 16.1 years, respectively) from a large-scale population-based cohort. No significant longitudinal changes were observed in any of the electroencephalography indices. Changes in SDQ-TD were significantly associated with changes in duration MMN, but not frequency MMN and ASSR. Furthermore, the subgroup with higher SDQ-TD at follow-up showed a significant duration MMN decrease over time, whereas the subgroup with lower SDQ-TD did not. The results of our population neuroscience study suggest that insufficient changes in electroencephalography indices may have been because of the short follow-up period or non-monotonic change during adolescence, and indicated that the longitudinal association with psychological difficulties was specific to the duration MMN. These findings provide new insights that electrophysiological change may underlie the development of psychosocial difficulties emerging in adolescence.
Cases of familial idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus implicate genetic factors in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Greenberg Ana B W , Mehta Neel H , Mekbib Kedous Y , Kiziltug Emre , Smith Hannah R , Hyman Bradley T , Chan Diane , Curry Jr. William T , Arnold Steven E , Frosch Matthew P , Duy Phan Q , Kahle Kristopher T
Published: October 2023

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus is a disorder of unknown pathophysiology whose diagnosis is paradoxically made by a positive response to its proposed treatment with cerebrospinal fluid diversion. There are currently no idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus disease genes or biomarkers. A systematic analysis of familial idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus could aid in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment stratification, and elucidate disease patho-etiology. In this 2-part analysis, we review literature-based evidence for inheritance of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in 22 pedigrees, and then present a novel case series of 8 familial idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. For the case series, demographics, familial history, pre- and post-operative symptoms, and cortical pathology were collected. All novel familial idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients exhibited improvement following shunt treatment and absence of neurodegenerative cortical pathology (amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau), in contrast to many sporadic cases of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with variable clinical responses. Analysis of the 30 total familial idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus cases reported herein is highly suggestive of an autosomal dominant mechanism of inheritance. This largest-ever presentation of multiply affected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus pedigrees provides strong evidence for Mendelian inheritance and autosomal dominant transmission of an idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus trait in a subset of patients that positively respond to shunting and lack neurodegenerative pathology. Genomic investigation of these families may identify the first bona fide idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus disease gene.
Adrenocortical function in patients with Single Large Scale Mitochondrial DNA Deletions: a retrospective single centre cohort study
Authors: Siri Barbara , D’Alessandro Annamaria , Maiorana Arianna , Porzio Ottavia , Ravà Lucilla , Dionisi-Vici Carlo , Cappa Marco , Martinelli Diego
Published: October 2023

Objective

Single Large Scale Mitochondrial DNA Deletions (SLSMDs), Pearson Syndrome (PS) and Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS), are systemic diseases with multiple endocrine abnormalities. The adrenocortical function has not been systematically investigated with a few anecdotal reports of overt adrenal insufficiency (AI). The study aimed to assess the adrenocortical function in a large cohort of SLSMDs.

Design and methods

A retrospective monocentric longitudinal study involved a cohort of 18 SLSMDs patients. Adrenocortical function was evaluated by baseline adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol measurements and by high- (HDT) and low-dose (LDT) ACTH stimulation tests and compared with 92 healthy controls (HC).

Results

Baseline adrenocortical function was impaired in 39% of patients and by the end of the study, 66% of PS and 25% of KSS showed an insufficient increase after ACTH stimulation, with cortisol deficiency due to primary AI in most PS and subclinical AI in KSS. Symptomatic AI was recorded in 44% of patients. Peak cortisol levels after ACTH stimulation tests were significantly lower in patients than in HC (P < .0001), with a more reduced response to LDT vs HDT (P < .05).

Conclusions

Our study highlights that cortisol deficiency due to primary AI represents a relevant part of the clinical spectrum in SLSMDs, with more severe impairment in PS than in KSS. Basal and after-stimulus assessment of adrenocortical axis should be early and regularly investigated to identify any degree of adrenocortical dysfunction. The study allowed the elaboration of a diagnostic process designed for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of adrenocortical abnormalities in SLSMDs.
A reference genome for the long-term kleptoplast-retaining sea slugElysia crispatamorphotype clarki
Authors: Eastman Katharine E , Pendleton Amanda L , Shaikh Mearaj A , Suttiyut Thiti , Ogas Raeya , Tomko Paxton , Gavelis Gregory , Widhalm Joshua R , Wisecaver Jennifer H
Published: October 2023

Several species of sacoglossan sea slugs possess the incredible ability to sequester chloroplasts from the algae they consume. These “photosynthetic animals” incorporate stolen chloroplasts, called kleptoplasts, into the epithelial cells of tubules that extend from their digestive tracts throughout their bodies. The mechanism by which these slugs maintain functioning kleptoplasts in the absence of an algal nuclear genome is unknown. Here, we report a draft genome of the sacoglossan slug Elysia crispata morphotype clarki, a morphotype native to the Florida Keys that can retain photosynthetically active kleptoplasts for several months without feeding. We used a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads and Illumina short reads to produce a 786-Mb assembly (N50 = 0.459 Mb) containing 68,514 predicted protein-coding genes. A phylogenetic analysis found no evidence of horizontal acquisition of genes from algae. We performed gene family and gene expression analyses to identify E. crispata genes unique to kleptoplast-containing slugs that were more highly expressed in fed versus unfed developmental life stages. Consistent with analyses in other kleptoplastic slugs, our investigation suggests that genes encoding lectin carbohydrate-binding proteins and those involved in regulation of reactive oxygen species and immunity may play a role in kleptoplast retention. Lastly, we identified four polyketide synthase genes that could potentially encode proteins producing UV- and oxidation-blocking compounds in slug cell membranes. The genome of E. crispata is a quality resource that provides potential targets for functional analyses and enables further investigation into the evolution and mechanisms of kleptoplasty in animals.
De Novo Crohn’s Disease in the Pediatric Pouch
Authors: O’Shea Delia , Picoraro Joseph A
Published: October 2023

Children who undergo ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) may ultimately develop a Crohn’s disease (CD) phenotype. This de novo CD is open to broad interpretation and misattribution, and its manifestation in children is poorly understood. The surgically altered environment of the ileal pouch is at risk of a spectrum of ileal pouch disorders, which have limited description in children. In this issue of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, a multicenter, retrospective study of children with UC who underwent IPAA and developed de novo CD highlights the challenges and opportunities of ileal pouch characterization in children.
A new step size selection strategy for the superiorization methodology using subgradient vectors and its application for solving convex constrained optimization problems
Authors: Abbasi Mokhtar , Ahmadinia Mahdi , Ahmadinia Ali
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a novel approach for solving convex constrained minimization problems by introducing a special subclass of quasi-nonexpansive operators and combining them with the superiorization methodology that utilizes subgradient vectors. Superiorization methodology tries to reduce a target function while seeking a feasible point for the given constraints. We begin by introducing a new class of operators, which includes many well-known operators used for solving convex feasibility problems. Next, we demonstrate how the superiorization methodology can be combined with the introduced class of operators to obtain superiorized operators. To achieve this, we present a new formula for the step size of the perturbations in the superiorized operators. Finally, we propose an iterative method that utilizes the superiorized operators to solve convex constrained minimization problems. We provide examples of image reconstruction from projections (tomography) to demonstrate the capabilities of our proposed iterative method.
Tubular Adenoma of the Breast: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Joo Gloria J , Carter Gloria J , Berg Wendie A
Published: October 2023

Breast tubular adenomas (TAs) are rare, benign glandular epithelial tumors that arise from a proliferation of acini in the terminal duct lobular units. In the literature, 40 TA cases have previously been reported, and we describe 5 additional cases in this article. In the small number of reported cases, TAs present most often in women of reproductive age but may also occur in postmenopausal women. Mammographically and sonographically, TAs are almost indistinguishable from fibroadenomas (FAs), and they typically present on US as hypoechoic, oval, circumscribed, parallel masses with variable internal vascularity. TAs can also be seen on mammography as oval masses with microlobulated margins, or as grouped coarse, heterogeneous microcalcifications with or without associated mass or asymmetry. On MRI, TAs present as heterogeneously enhancing, T2-hyperintense oval masses with persistent kinetics. Histopathologically, TAs consist of closely packed round tubules with minimal stroma, in distinction to FAs, which have a prominent stromal component that surrounds and can distort the associated tubules. Because of their benign classification and excellent prognosis, patients with biopsy-confirmed TAs may resume routine screening. Complete surgical excision may be considered for cosmetic purposes or for TAs exhibiting associated suspicious calcifications or rapid growth.
GWAS analysis of maize host plant resistance to western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) reveals candidate small effect loci for resistance breeding
Authors: Washburn Jacob D , LaFond Harper F , Lapadatescu Martian C , Pereira Adriano E , Erb Matthias , Hibbard Bruce E
Published: October 2023

Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is the most serious economic pest of maize, Zea mays (L.) (Poales: Poaceae), in the U.S. Corn Belt and also threatens production in Europe. Traditional management options have repeatedly failed over time as western corn rootworm rapidly develops resistance to insecticides, transgenic maize and even crop rotation. Traits that improve host plant resistance and tolerance are highly sought after by plant breeders for crop protection and pest management. However, maize resistance to western corn rootworm appears to be highly complex and despite over 75 yr of breeding efforts, there are no naturally resistant hybrids available commercially. Using phenotypic data from field and greenhouse experiments on a highly diverse collection of 282 inbred lines, we screened and genetically mapped western corn rootworm-related traits to identify genetic loci which may be useful for future breeding or genetic engineering efforts. Our results confirmed that western corn rootworm resistance is complex with relatively low heritability due in part to strong genotype by environment impacts and the inherent difficulties of phenotyping below ground root traits. The results of the Genome Wide Associated Study identified 29 loci that are potentially associated with resistance to western corn rootworm. Of these loci, 16 overlap with those found in previous transcription or mapping studies indicating a higher likelihood they are truly involved in maize western corn rootworm resistance. Taken together with previous studies, these results indicate that breeding for natural western corn rootworm resistance will likely require the stacking of multiple small effect loci.