bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breakout
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver , Nanay Bence , Riggle Nick
Published: February 2022

Three accounts of why aesthetic life matters—the achievement account, the individuality-in-community account, and the venture account—have different implications. Some of their implications touch on hot-button issues. Aesthetic life involves disagreement. What is its point? Many believe that aesthetic reactions are subjective. In what sense is that true, if it is true? Can we escape ethnocentrism in our thinking about aesthetic engagement? Why do aesthetic practices change as rapidly as they do? Are they fads? Is rapid change a problem? How should we respond to the ideological function of aesthetic life, especially in discriminatory and damaging ideals of bodily beauty?
Tantra and Nationalism
Authors: Strube Julian
Published: February 2022

Nationalist tendencies featured prominently in earlier chapters. Hence, this chapter explores the activities of Shivachandra and his associates in the context of the anticolonial Swadeshi movement and the relationship between science, education, and nationalism more generally. It also turns to the writings of Shashadhar, and his concept of a “spiritual science” (adhyātmabijñān) in particular, in order to demonstrate that Bengali debates about the relationship between religion and science paralleled, and were inherently intertwined with, debates that could also be observed in the Theosophical context as well as in the writings of Avalon. Another direct link to Avalon is explored through one of Woodroffe’s closest partners and another disciple of Shivachandra: Pramathanath Mukhopadhyay, the later Swami Pratyagatmananda Saraswati. Special attention is paid to his concept of “national education” and the role of Tantra for the regeneration and eventual emancipation of India.
Noun-Based Constructions in the History of Portuguese and Spanish
Authors: Amaral Patrícia , Delicado Cantero Manuel
Published: February 2022

This book explores the syntactic and semantic change of three types of constructions in the history of Spanish and Portuguese: (i) complex DPs with clausal adjunction (el hecho de, o facto de), (ii) complex prepositions/complementizers and complex connectives (sin embargo de, sem embargo de; so pena de, sob pena de), and (iii) complex predicates containing light verbs (dar consejo de, dar conselho de). While these constructions are syntactically different, they are all clause-taking expressions containing a noun followed by the functional preposition de (“of”). This book is the first work to examine them together through a systematic comparative corpus study. This makes it possible to tease apart individual from general changes and to focus on the chronological clustering of changes involving complex constructions in both languages. The development of these constructions has multiple causes related to the noun. Specifically, the reanalysis of the entire expression is affected both by the meaning of the noun and by changes in complementation patterns that affected nouns (as well as verbs and adjectives) in the 16th–17th centuries in both languages. By studying mechanisms of language change and their outcomes in two sister languages, the book addresses questions like: How do complex constructions evolve? How does the meaning of the noun change when considered in isolation and when compared to the meaning of the whole construction? How do syntactic categories change over time? Studies of closely related languages, which can reveal distinct developments occurring in parallel over time, provide a crucial test case for theories of language change.
The Inflamed Feeling
Authors: Lekander Mats
Published: February 2022

What do wanting to stay in bed, feeling sick, and being afraid of strangers have in common? The answer is that these feelings can reflect a drive which evolved in our ancestors to combat the threat of infection to survival. Listening to the body’s message to the brain that you are sick allows you to save energy that can be used for recuperation and recovery. Urges of staying still, noticing pain, feeling sorry for yourself, and focusing inward are thus bodily messages that benefit the immune defense. Similarly, superficial signs of ill health in others, or even the prejudicial idea of a person with a foreign bacterial culture, can cause anxiety and avoidance as part of the defense strategy. Being at a life or death juncture, your brain and your immune system join forces to preserve or regain health. Having a too high or too low sensitivity to inner or outer disease signals is therefore connected to a risk for mental as well as somatic disorders. In this book, Mats Lekander explains the science behind perceived health, using an arsenal of Barbie dolls, visual illusions, personal experiences, placebo, hypochondriacs, and historical anecdotes against a backdrop of the latest neuroscience and psychoneuroimmunology (the science of the brain, behavior, and immunity). He describes when he poisoned himself at work and enjoyed it, and why white blood cells and inflammation are key players when our brains try to guess what is going on in our inner worlds.
Syntactic Change in French
Authors: Wolfe Sam
Published: February 2022

This volume provides the most comprehensive and detailed formal account to date of the evolution of French syntax. Making use of the latest formal syntactic tools, it combines careful textual analysis with a detailed synthesis of the vast research literature on French to provide an original and wide-ranging analysis of the major syntactic developments to have taken place in the history of French. The empirical scope of the book is exceptionally broad, discussing syntactic variation and change in Latin, Old, Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French, as well as standard and non-standard varieties of Modern French. Following detailed introductory chapters, a wide range of phenomena are discussed including the left periphery, subject positions and null subjects, verb movement, object placement, negation, and the makeup of the nominal expression. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of how French has come to develop the unique typological profile it has within Romance today. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for researchers and students in French and comparative Romance linguistics as well as readers interested in grammatical theory and historical linguistics.
Alajo Shomolu
Authors: Olawoye-Mann Salewa
Published: February 2022

Nigerians have always had their own cooperative banking systems known as Esusu and Ajo. This chapter draws on Gibson-Graham’s community economy theory, while working in Nigerian literature, to contextualize an ancient money cooperative called Ajo, which is a locally used term to explain the system that informally mobilizes savings and lends monies to help everyday Nigerians meet their livelihood needs. The author carried out 120 interviews by telephone and focus groups with Nigerian women in Ondo and Lagos states who use Ajo as an alternative bank to mitigate against the exclusion they encounter in commercial banks. The findings show that Ajo is rooted in trust and community, so that women can develop social supports and banking access to buy foodstuff and clothes, and to invest in their businesses and houses. In urban and rural areas, Nigerian women are adopting Ajo because joining the collective provides a sense of ownership, as well as a comradery with other women.
Community Building and Ubuntu
Authors: Njie Haddy
Published: February 2022

Osusu is the name of the rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCA) system in The Gambia. This chapter examines the Kangbeng-Kafoo women’s group through a series of qualitative interviews to understand their participation in Osusu. The women choose self-organized banking cooperatives because of their deep meaning of interconnectedness, and draw upon the philosophical ideas of Ubuntu (“I am because you are”) to help one another through mutual aid. The author ties the theories of Ubuntu and community economies together to understand how Gambian women find ways to bring societal life into making a living. The findings demonstrate that Osusu is a form of purposeful cooperation that Gambian women organize for a number of reasons. Some women join Osusu to start a new business, or to expand an existing business, or to meet family and community projects. The Gambian Osusu on its own cannot solve the structural barriers that Kangbeng-Kafoo women face, but that they are contributing through their own self-help and collective systems is indicative of what inclusive community economies can look like in The Gambia and elsewhere.
David Jones and Rome
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine
Published: February 2022

This interdisciplinary and archival study explores the reception of ancient Rome in the artistic, literary, and philosophical works of David Jones (1895–1974)—the Anglo-Welsh, Roman Catholic, First World War veteran. Across his oeuvre, Jones shaped his innovative conception of contemporary Western civilisational decline on the basis of a complex and dynamic understanding of ancient Rome. His reimagining of Rome was not founded on a classical education, but fashioned from his own experiences, extensive reading, and, most importantly, the dialogues surrounding Rome’s relationship with the modern world which were prevalent in his society. Taking Jones’s Rome as its focus, this book provides an intellectual history of his art and thought. It covers four central areas of twentieth-century discourse that were themselves built upon intricate and conflicting representations of Rome: British political rhetoric, cyclical history, the Catholic cultural revival, and the Welsh nationalist movement. Tracing Jones’s developing approach to Rome across these contexts—through critical analysis of his poetic fragments, watercolours, essays, letters, marginalia, and vast corpus of unique and powerful painted inscriptions—demonstrates how his Roman vision emerged from a deep fear that Western civilisation was in decline and a heartfelt desire to use Rome productively to fight against modern degeneration. In this way, Rome appears in Jones’s works both as a symbol of transhistorical imperialism, totalitarianism, and the mechanisation of life, and simultaneously as the cultural and religious progenitor of the West, and in particular, of Wales, with which the modern world must reconnect if decline was to be avoided.
The morphological nature of person-driven auxiliation
Authors: Loporcaro Michele
Published: February 2022

This chapter addresses the division of labour between morphology and syntax. The testbed is provided by perfective periphrases showing person-driven auxiliary selection in central–southern Italo-Romance, with forms of HAVE and BE within the same paradigm. Such mixed auxiliation systems have been subjected to alternative analyses: a syntactic analysis, tracing the selection of different auxiliaries in different persons (as well as variation in one and the same person) back to differences in syntactic structure vs morphological analyses claiming that the distribution across persons within the paradigm of one and the same verb lexeme is a matter of inflexional morphology, in the same sense as the selection of a specific personal ending contrasting with those from different inflexional classes. The chapter provides a crucial piece of evidence in support of the latter view drawing on an unusual case of phrase allomorphy in the split auxiliary systems of three dialects of central Apulia.
Music, Leisure, Education
Authors: Mantie Roger
Published: February 2022

As the book’s title suggests, Music, Leisure, Education explores historical and philosophical connections between music, leisure, and education. Specifically, it considers how music learning, teaching, and participation can be reconceptualized in terms of leisure (scholē), that is, music education as leisure education. Taking as its starting point “the art of living” and the ethical question, How should one live?, the book engages a wide range of scholarship to problematize the place of non-professional music making in historical and contemporary (Western) conceptions of the good life and the common good. Part I provides a general background on music education, school music, the work ethic, leisure studies, recreation, play, and conduct. Part II focuses on two significant currents of thought and activity during the Progressive Era in the United States, the settlement movement and the recreation movement. The examination demonstrates how societal concerns over conduct (the “threat of leisure”) and differing views on the purpose of music learning and teaching led to a fracturing between those espousing generalist and specialist positions. The four chapters of Part III take readers through considerations of happiness (eudaimonia) and the good life, issues of work-life balance and the play spirit, leisure satisfaction in relation to consumerism, individualism, and the common good, and finally, parenting logics in relation to extracurriculars, music learning, and serious leisure.
The alegality of blockchain technology
Authors: De Filippi Primavera , Mannan Morshed , Reijers Wessel
Published: February 2022

Similar to the early days of the Internet, today, the effectiveness and applicability of legal regulations are being challenged by the advent of blockchain technology. Yet, unlike the Internet, which has evolved into an increasingly centralized system that was largely brought within the reach of the law, blockchain technology still resists regulation and is thus described by some as being “alegal”, i.e., situated beyond the boundaries of existing legal orders and, therefore, challenging them. This article investigates whether blockchain technology can indeed be qualified as alegal and the extent to which such technology can be brought back within the boundaries of a legal order by means of targeted policies. First, the article explores the features of blockchain-based systems, which make them hard to regulate, mainly due to their approach to disintermediation. Second, drawing from the notion of alegality in legal philosophy, the article analyzes how blockchain technology enables acts that transgress the temporal, spatial, material, and subjective boundaries of the law, thereby introducing the notion of “alegality by design”—as the design of a technological artifact can provide affordances for alegality. Third, the article discusses how the law could respond to the alegality of blockchain technology through innovative policies encouraging the use of regulatory sandboxes to test for the “functional equivalence” and “regulatory equivalence” of the practices and processes implemented by blockchain initiatives.
Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Macadamia Branch Dieback in Australia
Authors: Mohankumar Vheena , Dann Elizabeth K. , Akinsanmi Olufemi A.
Published: February 2022

Botryosphaeria branch dieback is a serious disease of macadamia in Australia, but its etiology has not been clearly defined, which limits effective disease control. Therefore, this study examined whether the causal agents of branch dieback in commercial macadamia orchards in five agroecological regions in Australia are similar in prevalence and aggressiveness. The identity of the causal agents was determined using conventional culturing techniques and DNA sequencing that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1α), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene loci. The pathogenic variation of the isolates, relative to the source (region and host plant part), was examined using in vivo and in planta assays. Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum were the dominant fungal genera obtained from surveys of 59 macadamia orchards across the agroecological regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 52 representative isolates identified four putative novel Lasiodiplodia clades, with three other Lasiodiplodia spp. (Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, L. pseudotheobromae, and L. theobromae) and three Neofusicoccum spp. (Neofusicoccum luteum, N. mangroviorum, and N. parvum) from macadamia. L. pseudotheobromae that constituted 40% of the isolates from symptomatic tissues was the most prevalent in all the regions. Both the in vivo and in planta pathogenicity assays revealed that all isolates of the Botryosphaeriaceae, except N. mangroviorum, were pathogenic to macadamia. L. theobromae, N. luteum, and L. iraniensis were the most aggressive species causing dieback symptoms in macadamia.
Medical Students’ Socialization Tactics When Entering a New Clinical Clerkship: A Mixed Methods Study of Proactivity
Authors: Atherley Anique , Hu Wendy C.-Y. , Dolmans Diana , Teunissen Pim W. , Hegazi Iman
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Socialization into clinical clerkships is difficult in part due to ambiguity around students’ new roles and expected behaviors. Being proactive reduces ambiguity and is essential to socialization. Proactive behavior can be taught and goes beyond having a proactive personality. Among students entering new undergraduate clinical clerkships, this study aimed to investigate (1) reported proactive behaviors and their association with social integration and (2) enabling and inhibiting factors for proactive behavior.

Method

This study was conducted at the 5-year MBBS program at Western Sydney University during academic year 2019–2020. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, survey and interview data from third-, fourth-, and fifth-year students were collected. Surveys explored 5 proactive behaviors: feedback seeking, information seeking, task negotiation, positive framing, and relationship building. Interviews elicited descriptions of how students described their proactivity and what influenced students to be proactive when entering a new clerkship. Data were integrated using the following the thread and mixed methods matrix techniques.

Results

Students exhibited all 5 proactive behaviors. Survey data showed positive framing and task negotiation had the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Only positive framing correlated significantly with social integration scores (r = 0.27;P< .01), but this contrasted to interviews, in which students described how other proactive behaviors also led to social integration. Proactive behavior scores decreased across academic years. Integrated data showed 3 linked antecedents to whether students exhibited proactive behavior: feeling capable of being proactive, individual intention to be proactive, and the immediate environment and system-level factors.

Conclusions

Students who framed the experience positively were more likely to report increased social integration. Initiating task negotiation was challenging for most students. The authors propose a conceptual model for proactivity and social integration to support socialization and learning during clinical transitions for future research and interventional design.
A Standardized Training Program in Ultrasound-Guided Intravenous Line Placement
Authors: McKinney Amanda , Steanson Kimberly , Lebar Kiersten
Published: February 2022

Background

Ultrasound-guided imagery to obtain peripheral intravenous (USGIV) access is a technique that can be used to increase successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertion rates. Improving rates of USGIV use will subsequently decrease central venous catheter use and thus decrease the time to treatment initiation, reduce costs, and improve patient satisfaction.

Purpose:

Current available programs teach nurses USGIV use for the adult population, mainly with a focus on the emergency department. To address this gap in knowledge, a USGIV program aimed at the specific needs of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse was developed and implemented.

Method:

Twelve NICU nurses were trained in USGIV access during a 4-hour combination didactic and simulation-based program. Participants took a pretest survey assessing baseline knowledge and confidence levels related to USGIV access. After didactic lecture, participants worked at stations focused on USGIV access. An 80% benchmark for each participant was set for successful USGIV attempts during simulation. Participants' knowledge and confidence levels were reassessed at the end of the program.

Results:

Posttest scores increased by an average of 25%, demonstrating increased knowledge. The pre- to posttest confidence scores increased by a minimum of 1.6 points (based on a 5-point Likert scale). All participants (n = 12) successfully demonstrated proficiency by achieving at least 80% of attempted USGIV access on a mannequin.

Implications for Practice and Research:

This project demonstrated that USGIV catheter can be employed in neonatal patients by training NICU nurses in USGIV techniques.
A Rare and Lethal Ostial Left Main Trunk Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Baotao , Zhang Ran , Li Chen
Published: February 2022

Coronary artery involvement in cardiovascular syphilis is infrequent and often overlooked, especially in patients with latent syphilis. Herein, we present the case of myocardial infarction largely related to cardiovascular syphilis in a 63-year-old man. Invasive coronary angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a critical ostial narrowing of the left main trunk, an occlusive right coronary artery, and moderate-to-severe ostial stenosis of multiple major branches of the abdominal aorta. Syphilis screening and confirmatory tests were positive. Cardiovascular syphilis was considered. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed uneventfully, and a coronary stent was implanted in the ostium of the left main coronary artery. However, on day 3 after PCI, the patient died suddenly, likely because of stent thrombosis. In conclusion, severe coronary lesions confined to the ostia suggest rheumatologic large-vessel vasculitis or infectious aortitis.
Pulmonary complications and respiratory management in neurocritical care: a narrative review
Authors: Wen Junxian , Chen Jia , Chang Jianbo , Wei Junji
Published: February 2022

Neurocritical care (NCC) is not only generally guided by principles of general intensive care, but also directed by specific goals and methods. This review summarizes the common pulmonary diseases and pathophysiology affecting NCC patients and the progress made in strategies of respiratory support in NCC. This review highlights the possible interactions and pathways that have been revealed between neurological injuries and respiratory diseases, including the catecholamine pathway, systemic inflammatory reactions, adrenergic hypersensitivity, and dopaminergic signaling. Pulmonary complications of neurocritical patients include pneumonia, neurological pulmonary edema, and respiratory distress. Specific aspects of respiratory management include prioritizing the protection of the brain, and the goal of respiratory management is to avoid inappropriate blood gas composition levels and intracranial hypertension. Compared with the traditional mode of protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (Vt), high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and recruitment maneuvers, low PEEP might yield a potential benefit in closing and protecting the lung tissue. Multimodal neuromonitoring can ensure the safety of respiratory maneuvers in clinical and scientific practice. Future studies are required to develop guidelines for respiratory management in NCC.
Update on lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in cancers: from biological properties to clinical applications
Authors: Zhao Lishu , Wang Hao , Xu Kandi , Liu Xinyue , He Yayi
Published: February 2022

Immunotherapy that targets checkpoints, especially programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1, has revolutionized cancer therapy regimens. The overall response rate to mono-immunotherapy, however, is limited, emphasizing the need to potentiate the efficacy of these regimens. The functions of immune cells are modulated by multiple stimulatory and inhibitory molecules, including lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3). LAG-3 is co-expressed together with other inhibitory checkpoints and plays key roles in immune suppression. Increasing evidence, particularly in the last 5 years, has shown the potential of LAG-3 blockade in anti-tumor immunity. This review provides an update on the biological properties and clinical applications of LAG-3 in cancers.
Cutaneous Neurocristic Hamartoma Mimicking Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: Finberg Ariel , Martin Seth , Gradecki Sarah , Zlotoff Barrett , Raghavan Shyam S.
Published: February 2022

Neurocristic hamartomas (NCH) of cutaneous origin are especially rare congenital or acquired neoplasms that often arise through aberrant embryologic development of pluripotent neural crest cells. Clinically, they often present as pigmented macules or papules on the scalp with associated alopecia. NCHs are characterized histopathologically by dermal melanocytic, fibroblastic, and neurosustentacular components. Correct identification of this etiology is critical because of potential for malignant transformation, particularly in acquired NCHs. Our patient was a 6-year-old girl with xeroderma pigmentosum and confirmed XPC mutation followed in our dermatology clinic since the age of 3. She had a history of multiple actinic keratoses but no prior skin cancers. A 4-mm homogenous pink papule on the left frontal scalp concerning for basal cell carcinoma was noted during routine skin examination. After a 3-month course of 3 times weekly topical imiquimod, the lesion had grown to a 6 mm diameter. The patient was then referred to plastic surgery for definitive excision. Histologically, the lesion showed a well-circumscribed proliferation of spindle cells with a trabecular and nested growth pattern. Perivascular pseudorosettes were identified, as were areas that resembled well-differentiated neural tissue. The spindle cells diffusely expressed S100 protein, SOX10, and CD34, with patchy expression of Melan-A and HMB-45. PRAME was negative, and p16 was retained. Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed, and no clinically significant copy number or single nucleotide variants were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case in the literature of a cutaneous neurocristic hamartoma arising in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.
Acantholytic Dyskeratosis Post-COVID Vaccination
Authors: Yang Kevin , Prussick Lisa , Hartman Rebecca , Mahalingam Meera
Published: February 2022

Acantholytic dyskeratosis mimicking Grover disease as a cutaneous manifestation of a side effect to the Moderna (mRNA-1273) COVID vaccine is rare with only one documented case in the literature to date. Herein, we present a case of an eruptive, erythematous, vesiculopapular rash developing in a patient after the Moderna vaccine. Histopathology of a representative biopsy [x2, done 8 weeks apart] of the rash revealed similar histopathologic findings of patchy suprabasal acantholysis with dyskeratotic keratinocytes and an underlying inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. In contrast to the only case previously reported in the literature, a confounding feature in our case, was that patient had a medical history significant for Grover disease, which had been successfully treated with complete resolution and seemed to be in remission. Given the temporal relationship of the onset of the rash to vaccine administration, the changes were likely vaccine-related with the caveat that, in light of the medical history, the differential diagnosis includes reactivation of Grover disease by the vaccine as a trigger factor.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Total Mesorectal Excision Plane Navigation in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Igaki Takahiro , Kitaguchi Daichi , Kojima Shigehiro , Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Mori Kensaku , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ito Masaaki
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgical procedure for rectal cancer because it is associated with low local recurrence rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use an image-guided navigation system with total mesorectal excision.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:

The impact of innovation is the development of a deep learning-based image-guided navigation system for areolar tissue in the total mesorectal excision plane. Such a system might be helpful to surgeons because areolar tissue can be used as a landmark for the appropriate dissection plane.

TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS, AND METHODS:

This was a single-center experimental feasibility study involving 32 randomly selected patients who had undergone laparoscopic left-sided colorectal resection between 2015 and 2019. Deep learning-based semantic segmentation of areolar tissue in the total mesorectal excision plane was performed. Intraoperative images capturing the total mesorectal excision scene extracted from left colorectal laparoscopic resection videos were used as training data for the deep learning model. Six hundred annotation images were created from 32 videos, with 528 images in the training and 72 images in the test data sets. The experimental feasibility study was conducted at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Dice coefficient was used to evaluate semantic segmentation accuracy for areolar tissue.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:

The developed semantic segmentation model helped locate and highlight the areolar tissue area in the total mesorectal excision plane. The accuracy and generalization performance of deep learning models depend mainly on the quantity and quality of the training data. This study had only 600 images; thus, more images for training are necessary to improve the recognition accuracy.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:

We successfully developed a total mesorectal excision plane image-guided navigation system based on an areolar tissue segmentation approach with high accuracy. This may aid surgeons in recognizing the total mesorectal excision plane for dissection.
Understanding the relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism among nurses and midwives: Does social support matter?
Authors: Flatau-Harrison Huw , Vleugels Wouter , Kilroy Steven , Bosak Janine
Published: February 2022

Background

The substitution hypothesis identifies absence constraints such as job and organizational demands as key precursors of presenteeism (attending work while ill). However, the relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism might be more complex than traditionally assumed (i.e., curvilinear). Moreover, it also remains unclear whether and how effective social support is in buffering these relationships.

Purpose

This study investigates whether the relationship between key absence constraints (i.e., attendance enforcement and work overload) and presenteeism follows a U-shaped curvilinear pattern and whether support mechanisms (i.e., colleague and manager support) moderate the absence constraints–presenteeism relationship.

Methodology

To answer these questions, we employed binary logistic regression analysis on survey data from a large and representative sample of nurses and midwives from Ireland (N = 1,037).

Results

The relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism is dependent on the type of absence constraint, with attendance enforcement demonstrating a curvilinear relationship and work overload demonstrating a linear relationship. Contrary to expectations, social support had limited impact on this relationship and acted as a “constraint in disguise” in the case of manager support and had no impact in the case of colleague support.

Conclusion

Our study challenges the basic tenets of the substitution hypothesis of presenteeism, particularly the idea that eliminating absence constraints always reduces the likelihood of presenteeism among nurses and midwives.

Practice Implications

Increasing support to reduce presenteeism is unlikely to be effective in controlling presenteeism among nurses and midwives. Hospitals would be better served by directly targeting the absence constraints of such presenteeism behavior.
VITREORETINAL INVOLVEMENT BY INDOLENT T-CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DIAGNOSED BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: Salman Ali R. , Ferenchak Kevin , Olsen Timothy W. , Smith Wendy M. , Ketterling Rhett P. , McPhail Ellen D. , Salomao Diva R. , Dalvin Lauren A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe an exceedingly rare presentation of secondary vitreoretinal involvement by the uncommon entity “indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract” and illustrate the utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for diagnosis.

Methods:

This is a case report.

Results:

A 57-year-old woman with presumed iritis on chronic topical prednisolone acetate presented with increased vitreous opacities in the right eye. She had a history of biopsy-confirmed indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract involving the stomach and duodenum, JAK2-rearrangement positive, controlled on maintenance oral methotrexate. Vitreous biopsy was unremarkable with small CD3-positive and CD4-positive and CD20-negative lymphocytes, along with histiocytes and fibroblasts. Immunostains showed CD4 positivity, and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a JAK2 gene rearrangement, consistent with the patient's previously diagnosed indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Intravitreal methotrexate injections were started in the right eye. MRI of the brain and lumbar puncture with cytology, MYD88, IL10, and flow cytometry performed at the time of right eye vitreoretinal lymphoma diagnosis revealed no evidence of central nervous system lymphoma, but subsequent bone marrow biopsy demonstrated 5% involvement by indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, JAK2-rearrangement positive, with a lung nodule on PET computed tomography. She returned 4 months later with fatigue, night sweats, and blurry vision in the left eye with vitreous and anterior chamber cellular infiltration and retinal vasculitis.

Conclusion:

T-cell vitreoretinal lymphoma is rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Despite inconclusive cytology in this case, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization detected a JAK2 gene rearrangement, which confirmed the involvement by indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and prompted appropriate treatment and workup for recurrent systemic or central nervous system lymphoma.
Fungal Translocation Marker in People Living with HIV Needing Treatment for Onychomycosis: A Protocol for the Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Yaling , Ouyang Jing , Isnard Stéphane , Costiniuk Cecilia T. , Yan Jiangyu , Zhou Xin , Routy Jean-Pierre , Chen Yaokai
Published: February 2022

Increased microbial translocation and chronic immune activation are two critical problems for people living with HIV (PLWH) in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. Compared with numerous studies on bacterial microbiomic communities, there are only a limited number of studies focusing on fungal microbiomic composition and products in PLWH. This study protocol is used to evaluate the changes in bacterial and fungal microbiome populations induced by terbinafine treatment, which is an antifungal agent widely used amongst PLWH. Twenty-two PLWH on a stable ART regimen for more than six months, who require treatment for onychomycosis, will be recruited. The participants will be followed-up for a 12-week treatment period (oral terbinafine 250 mg daily) and another 12-weeks of terbinafine discontinuation. Plasma and fecal samples will be collected before and after terbinafine treatment, and for 12weeks after the discontinuation of terbinafine. Plasma gut injury and microbial translocation biomarker assays, in addition to testing for gut microbiome composition, will be undertaken. With this pilot study, we will perform formal sample size calculations and test study feasibility for a possible full-scale study.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts early outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishimura Takashi , Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Tanaka Takaaki , Ohama Hideko , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Naganuma Atsushi , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Joko Kouji , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi ,   On behalf of the Real-life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group and the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Experts from 48 clinics in Japan (HCC 48) Group
Published: February 2022

Objective:

To investigate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev).

Methods:

A total of 249 patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev were included. We analyzed survival and discontinuation of this therapy in this cohort.

Results:

Cumulative overall survival at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months was 97.6%, 94.9%, 88.9%, and 82.8%, respectively. Cumulative overall survival differed significantly between patients with low (<3.0) versus high (≥3.0) NLR (P = 0.001). Conversely, cumulative progression-free survival did not differ between patients with low versus high NLR. The distribution of response was 1.5% for complete response, 17.1% for partial response, 60.5% for stable disease, and 21.0% for progressive disease. Responses were not different between patients with low and high NLR. Regarding adverse events, immune-related liver injury of any grade and grade of at least 3, decreased appetite of any grade, grade of at least 3 proteinuria, and other adverse events of any grade differed significantly between patients with low and high NLR. There were 56, 18, and 2 patients who discontinued Atez/Bev therapy due to progression of disease, adverse event, and other reasons, respectively. The cumulative discontinuation rate for Atez/Bev therapy due to adverse events differed significantly between patients with low versus high NLR (P = 0.022). Cox proportional hazards modeling analysis with inverse probability weighting showed that NLR of at least 3.0 was significantly associated with overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.369; 95% confidence interval, 1.024–11.080).

Conclusions:

NLR can predict outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC treated with Atez/Bev.
Differences between Bilateral Costal Cartilage in Patients with Microtia: A Retrospective Study Using Three-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Sun Hefeng , Huang Qinghua , Dong Weiwei , Yang Qinghua
Published: February 2022

Costal cartilage is the ideal medium for auricular framework fabrication in auricular reconstruction surgery. Well-developed cartilage is closely associated with surgical outcomes; however, which costal cartilage is better developed and more suitable for framework fabrication is controversial. This study aimed to examine the laterality differences in costal cartilage development in pediatric patients who have undergone auricular reconstruction surgery for microtia. Preoperative thoracic computed tomography data of 101 microtia patients (age range, 6 to 10 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Computer software was used to create three-dimensional costal cartilage images. The length and volume of the costal cartilage of the sixth, seventh, and eighth ribs were measured from these images. Results indicate that the cartilage of the sixth rib on the left side was significantly longer and had a greater volume than that on the right side. Further, the cartilage of the seventh rib on the left side was significantly longer than that on the right side; however, there was no significant difference in volume. No significant differences were found between the cartilage of the eighth rib on the right and left sides. In general, the costal cartilage of ribs on the left side of the thorax was more developed than that on the right. These results may help clinicians in selecting appropriate donor sites before auricular reconstruction surgery in microtia patients.
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) attend both Mexico and Hawaii breeding grounds in the same winter: mixing in the northeast Pacific
Authors: Darling James D. , Audley Katherina , Cheeseman Ted , Goodwin Beth , Lyman Edward G. , Urbán R. Jorge
Published: February 2022

Humpback whales that assemble on winter breeding grounds in Mexico and Hawaii have been presumed to be, at least, seasonally isolated. Recently, these assemblies were declared Distinct Population Segments under the US Endangered Species Act. We report two humpback whales attending both breeding grounds in the same season—one moving from Hawaii to Mexico and the other from Mexico to Hawaii. The first was photo-identified in Maui, Hawaii on 23 February 2006 and again, after 53 days and 4545 km, on 17 April 2006 in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. The second was photo-identified off Guerrero, Mexico on 16 February 2018 and again, 49 days and 5944 km later, on 6 April 2018 off Maui. The 2006 whale was identified in summer off Kodiak Island, Alaska; the 2018 whale off British Columbia. These Mexico–Hawaii identifications provide definitive evidence that whales in these two winter assemblies may mix during one winter season. This, combined with other lines of evidence on Mexico–Hawaii mixing, including interchange of individuals year to year, long-term similarity of everchanging songs, one earlier same-season travel record, and detection of humpback whales mid-ocean between these locations in winter, suggests reassessment of the ‘distinctiveness' of these populations may be warranted.
The spatial dissemination of COVID-19 and associated socio-economic consequences
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wang Lin , Zhu Jonathan J. H. , Wang Xiaofan
Published: February 2022

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc worldwide with millions of lives claimed, human travel restricted and economic development halted. Leveraging city-level mobility and case data, our analysis shows that the spatial dissemination of COVID-19 can be well explained by a local diffusion process in the mobility network rather than a global diffusion process, indicating the effectiveness of the implemented disease prevention and control measures. Based on the constructed case prediction model, it is estimated that there could be distinct social consequences if the COVID-19 outbreak happened in different areas. During the epidemic control period, human mobility experienced substantial reductions and the mobility network underwent remarkable local and global structural changes toward containing the spread of COVID-19. Our work has important implications for the mitigation of disease and the evaluation of the socio-economic consequences of COVID-19 on society.
Self-similar source-type solutions to the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Ohkitani K. , Vanon R.
Published: February 2022

We formalize a systematic method of constructing forward self-similar solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations in order to characterize the late stage of decaying process of turbulent flows. (i) In view of critical scale-invariance of type 2 we exploit the vorticity curl as the dependent variable to derive and analyse the dynamically scaled Navier–Stokes equations. This formalism offers the viewpoint from which the problem takes the simplest possible form. (ii) Rewriting the scaled Navier–Stokes equations by Duhamel principle as integral equations, we regard the nonlinear term as a perturbation using the Fokker–Planck evolution semigroup. Systematic successive approximations are introduced and the leading-order solution is worked out explicitly as the Gaussian function with a solenoidal projection. (iii) By iterations the second-order approximation is estimated explicitly up to solenoidal projection and is evaluated numerically. (iv) A new characterization of nonlinear term is introduced on this basis to estimate its strengthNquantitatively. We find thatN=O(10−2)for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. This should be contrasted withN=O(10−1)for the Burgers equations andN≡0for the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. (v) As an illustration we explicitly determine source-type solutions to the multi-dimensional Burgers equations. Implications and applications of the current results are given.
Numerical solutions for distributed-order fractional optimal control problems by using Müntz–Legendre wavelets
Authors: Razzaghi Mohsen , Vo Thieu N.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a numerical method using Münzt–Legendre wavelets for distributed-order fractional optimal control problems (DO-FOCPs) is presented. We first give an exact formula of the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator of the Münzt–Legendre wavelets by applying regularized beta function. By using the obtained exact formula, we transform the DO-FOCP to a new optimization problem which can be solved by existing techniques. The error analysis of the method is also given. Several illustrated examples are included to show the advantages of our method.
Incorporating effects of age on energy dynamics predicts nonlinear maternal allocation patterns in iteroparous animals
Authors: Barreaux Antoine M. G. , Higginson Andrew D. , Bonsall Michael B. , English Sinead
Published: February 2022

Iteroparous parents face a trade-off between allocating current resources to reproduction versus maximizing survival to produce further offspring. Parental allocation varies across age and follows a hump-shaped pattern across diverse taxa, including mammals, birds and invertebrates. This nonlinear allocation pattern lacks a general theoretical explanation, potentially because most studies focus on offspring number rather than quality and do not incorporate uncertainty or age-dependence in energy intake or costs. Here, we develop a life-history model of maternal allocation in iteroparous animals. We identify the optimal allocation strategy in response to stochasticity when energetic costs, feeding success, energy intake and environmentally driven mortality risk are age-dependent. As a case study, we use tsetse, a viviparous insect that produces one offspring per reproductive attempt and relies on an uncertain food supply of vertebrate blood. Diverse scenarios generate a hump-shaped allocation when energetic costs and energy intake increase with age and also when energy intake decreases and energetic costs increase or decrease. Feeding success and environmentally driven mortality risk have little influence on age-dependence in allocation. We conclude that ubiquitous evidence for age-dependence in these influential traits can explain the prevalence of nonlinear maternal allocation across diverse taxonomic groups.