bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procesos de simplificación fonológica en alumnado de Educación Infantil: desarrollo típico y trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje
Authors: Delgado Cruz Atteneri , Axpe Caballero María Ángeles , Acosta Rodríguez Víctor M. , Martel González María
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo del habla en algunos niños no discurre como lo hace habitualmente en el desarrollo típico, circunstancia que puede afectar a diversas áreas del desarrollo y del aprendizaje. Estos niños producen palabras fonológicamente simplificadas como resultado de la aplicación de estrategias conocidas como Procesos de Simplificación Fonológica (PSF). La aplicación de PSF no está motivada por causas motoras, morfológicas, sensoriales, o neurológicas. Suele ocurrir que se produzca, con el paso de los años, una eliminación progresiva de los PSF. Sin embargo, un grupo caracterizado por presentar PSF hasta una edad avanzada es el diagnosticado con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL). El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es describir y comparar los problemas fonológicos de alumnado de Educación Infantil con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL) y desarrollo típico (DT). Con esta finalidad, se selecciona a 96 alumnos y alumnas, para cumplir con el criterio diagnóstico del grupo de TDL, se administró la prueba de lenguaje Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Spanish (CELF-4). Las producciones fonológicas se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de la prueba del Registro Fonológico Inducido (RFI). Los resultados concluyen que en los niveles analizados suele haber una mayor presencia de errores en el grupo con TDL por lo que pueden volverse más persistentes, con consecuencias que pueden afectar al desarrollo de otras habilidades de procesamiento fonológico (por ejemplo, la conciencia fonológica) y de la gramática. Se propone una respuesta educativa a través de un Sistema de Apoyo de Múltiples Niveles (SAMN).
La relación familia-escuela en el contexto rural: influencia de la etapa educativa, repetición de curso y rendimiento académico del alumnado
Authors: Hernández Prados Mª Ángeles , Álvarez Muñoz José Santiago
Published: December 2024

La relevancia de las relaciones democráticas de corresponsabilidad y colaborativas ha sido ampliamente constatada, pero en menor medida en el ámbito rural. Las instituciones educativas en este tipo de contexto guardan una especial peculiaridad que repercute en los diferentes parámetros de la educación del siglo XXI, entre ellos, la relación familia y escuela. Desde un enfoque empírico, descriptivo, cuantitativo, se analiza la participación de las familias en los centros educativos rurales en función de las variables escolares desde la perspectiva de los progenitores. Se utilizó el cuestionario “Valoración de la implicación de las familias en la educación de los hijos/as. Cuestionario a familias” que fue cumplimentado por 1478 familias (14.1% padres; 51.5% madres; 27.5% ambos) residentes en áreas rurales. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la presencia significativa de una mayor participación en la Educación Primaria que se ve drásticamente reducida en la Educación Secundaria; las familias con hijos/as que han repetido se involucran en menor medida en la vida escolar que aquellos cuyos hijos/as no han repetido; y a mayor rendimiento académico se asocia un incremento de la participación de los progenitores en el centro. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de realizar un acompañamiento familiar en el tránsito educativo de Educación Primaria a Secundaria para no mermar la implicación de estas y, además, dar un feedback más continuado respecto el estatus académico del alumnado de manera que se subraye la importancia de la participación e implicación de las familias para solventar las deficiencias al respecto.
Analisis stilistika antologi puisi Li Bai dan Sudi Yatmana: Teori Northrop Frye
Authors: Widuri Ananda Wahyu Puspa , Khoir Syihabul , Darni Darni , Yunita Vira , Li Sijie
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the stylistic elements and imagery in the poems of Li Bai and Sudi Yatmana using Northrop Frye's theory, and to understand how these elements convey meaning and nuance in their works. The research employs a stylistic approach with a descriptive-qualitative design. Data were collected from offline sources (books, notes, archives) and online sources (digital), categorized into primary data (poems by Li Bai) and secondary data (books by Sudi Yatmana). The findings indicate that Li Bai's poems, such as 静夜思 Jìngyè sī, 月下独酌 Yuè xià dúzhuó, and 早发帝城 Zǎo fā bái dì chéng, use poetic language rich in personification and metaphor to depict deep feelings towards nature and philosophical contemplation. In contrast, Sudi Yatmana's poems, such as Paman Tani Jawa Purwa, Nandur Pari Jero, and Panen, are more realistic, portraying the everyday lives of farmers with vivid details and a profound appreciation for the human-nature relationship. This analysis demonstrates that Li Bai's works exude romanticism and introspection, while Yatmana's poems highlight the cultural richness and agricultural life of rural Java.
Akurasi hasil terjemahan manual book bahasa Mandarin ke dalam bahasa Indonesia melalui mesin terjemahan otomatis
Authors: Irawan Reynald Satria Dwiky , Delijar Ressi Maulidina
Published: December 2024

There are so many conveniences that can be accessed in this sophisticated era, such as the convenience of automatically translating Chinese text into Indonesian. However, the accuracy and precision of the translation results obtained from the automatic translation machine still need to be reviewed further. This research aims to identify language errors in the translation of Chinese documents into Indonesian through Youdao Fanyi and DeepL Translator. This research is descriptive qualitative research based on language error analysis. The source used is taken from the manual book of an e-cigarette company, as much as one document consisting of several Excel cells. The Chinese document was translated into Indonesian using two automatic translation machines. The translation results were analyzed for language errors at the morphological, syntactic and semantic levels. The results of this research show that there are still language errors at the morphological, syntactic and semantic levels in the translated texts produced by Youdao Fanyi and DeepL Translator. Both automatic translation engines tend to translate texts word by word and don’t recognize terminology related to machinery and engineering terms. The translation results are an initial form of translation that needs to be edited to obtain more accurate document translation results.
Metástasis en glándula parótida de un carcinoma renal de células claras: estudio clínico-patológico
Authors: Fonseca Acosta Ismael Bernardo , Ferraris Luis Ángel , Menso Nicolás , Samar Romani María Elena , Ávila Uliarte Rodolfo Esteban
Published: December 2024

Si bien tanto tumores malignos primarios como secundarios pueden desarrollarse en la glándula parótida como se informa en la literatura, en la mayoría de los casos las metástasis corresponden a neoplasias de cabeza y cuello, más frecuentemente de un carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas. Por otra parte, el carcinoma renal de células claras e representa el 70 a 80% del cáncer de riñón, produciendo metástasis regionales y a distancia a través de la vena renal. Metástasis de este tipo de cáncer renal en cabeza y cuello se han diagnosticado en un 14 a 16% de pacientes, siendo muy infrecuente en la glándula parótida. En este trabajo presentamos el caso de una paciente que desarrolló un tumor metastásico tardío de parótida, después de una nefrectomía unilateral izquierda por un carcinoma de células claras y determinamos su origen renal con la expresión positiva del marcador CD10. El carcinoma de células renales posee una alta capacidad metastásica. Al momento del diagnóstico un 25-30% de los pacientes presenta enfermedad a distancia (metástasis sincrónicas), en especial pulmón, hueso, hígado, glándula suprarrenal, riñón contralateral y cerebral. No obstante, el carcinoma de células renales tiene la particularidad de producir metástasis de forma tardía (metástasis metacrónicas), superando en algunos casos los 30 años como en nuestra paciente, con un cáncer renal diagnosticado el año 2014 que produjo metástasis parotídea en 2023.
Prevalencia de microorganismos periodonto patógenos en fluido gingival de pacientes gestantes con periodontitis
Authors: Britos María Rosenda , Benetti Andres
Published: December 2024

La periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosacompleja, asociada a una biopelícula subgingival disbiótica.En gestantes, podría representar un factorque afecta negativamente la salud materno-fetal.El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer laprevalencia de microorganismos periodonto patógenosen gestantes con periodontitis. Se realizó unestudio descriptivo transversal con muestreo porconveniencia, en el que participaron 50 gestantes,del Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del HospitalÁngela Llano, quienes cumplieron los criterios deinclusión y dieron su consentimiento informado. Seclasificó la periodontitis según los criterios de Papapanouy col. Las muestras de biopelícula se tomaronde los dos sitios mayor profundidad al sondaje. Seobtuvo la prevalencia de periodonto patógenos porPCR multiplex. El 56 % de las gestantes presentaronenfermedad periodontal. La prevalencia de Prevotellaintermedia y Fusobacterium nucleatum fue del100% , Tanneralla forsythia y Treponema denticola100% en periodontitis Grado III y Grado II. La prevalenciade Porphyromonas gingivalis de 75 % enperiodontitis de Grado III y en el 20% en Grado II. Elanálisis estadístico mostró una diferencia estadísticamentesignificativa en la prevalencia de microorganismossegún el grado de periodontitis. En conclusión,una proporción significativa de gestantespresentó enfermedad periodontal. La prevalenciade microorganismos del grupo naranja de Sokranskypropicia la agregación del grupo rojo, con posiblesefectos adversos en el embarazo. Es crucial ampliarla investigación para mejorar la prevención y tratamientoen esta población.
Efecto de melatonina en mucosa yugal de ratas tratadas con fluorouracilo y leucovorina cálcica. Estudio preliminar en un modelo de mucositis experimental
Authors: Ríos Daniel , Morelatto Rosana Andrea , Rivoira María Angélica , Porta Daniela Josefina , Mazzeo Marcelo Adrián , Bachmeier Evelin
Published: December 2024

La mucositis oral (MO) es una complicación agudaen pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia. Afectalos tejidos blandos de la mucosa oral provocando retrasosen el tratamiento oncológico y alteración dela calidad de vida del paciente. Investigaciones clínicasy experimentales intentaron dilucidar su etiopatogeniacomo así también diversos protocolos farmacológicospara minimizar sus efectos deletéreosen la cavidad oral. Varios reportes describieron laacción de melatonina como agente multipropósitocon poder antioxidante. En el presente trabajo seevaluaron los niveles de superóxido dismutasa y deestrés oxidativo cuantificando peróxidos lipídicos yacuosos, en un modelo animal con MO inducida alque se aplicó la droga antineoplásica fluorouraciloy su biomodulador, la leucovorina cálcica y melatoninapor vía local y sistémica. Se establecieron cincogrupos experimentales (n:50) G1: Control, G2: fluorouracilo/leuovorina cálcica, (G3): fluorouracilo /leucovorina cálcica y MO inducida, Grupo 4 (G4):fluoruracilo / leucovorina cálcica, MO inducida ymelatonina tópica, Grupo 5 (G5): fluoruracilo / leucovorinacálcica, MO inducida y melatonina sistémica.La actividad de superóxido dismutasa en G3fue más baja con respecto a los grupos G4 y G5. Laconcentración de peróxidos lipídicos y acuosos fuesuperior en G3 en relación con todos los grupos detratamiento. Se identificó en estos tejidos el dañooxidativo por la acción deletérea del citostático yla capacidad protectora de melatonina. La administraciónexógena de melatonina en la dosis ensayadarevirtió el estado redox de la mucosa yugal.
Formation of a set of parameters for assessing the technical condition of autonomous power plants
Authors: Maslov Igor
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Problem. The object of study is the problem of creating a relatively simple diagnostic model of a diesel engine for an autonomous power plant in terms of the number of required input parameters. Goal.The aim of the study is to develop a diesel engine diagnostic system for an autonomous power plant. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: - to develop a method for synthesising a diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine for an autonomous power plant; - to propose a method for selecting the initial parameters of the diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine.The subject of the study is the relationship between the selected set of input parameters of the diagnostic model of a diesel engine and the adequacy of the response of the resulting model to real emergency situations. Results. As a result of the study, a methodology for synthesising a diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine of an autonomous power plant has been developed. The resulting model allows monitoring the performance of a diesel engine and adjusting the relevant parameters to achieve the required operating state or localise an emergency. Originality. The proposed method of synthesis of a diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine of an autonomous power plant, based on the use of the graph theory method, allows obtaining results that correspond to the actual state of operation of a diesel engine of a power plant with relative simplicity of use. This is achieved by using specially selected groups of diesel power control parameters as diagnostic parameters of the graph model. These indicators are available for measurement without significant dismantling and installation work, the use of complex measuring instruments, but can be measured during routine maintenance and operation. A methodology for selecting the output parameters of a diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine is proposed, which includes the process of forming the minimum required sample of parameters of diesel engine operation. Practical value. The following parameters have been selected as parameters for assessing the technical condition of power plant diesel engines and functionally related systems and circuits: power plant capacity; diesel crankshaft rotation frequency; fuel consumption; and a group of thermal parameters. This minimum required set of system state parameters makes it possible to link the diagnostic scheme for the studied technical condition of power plant diesel engines with their operational performance
Differential Responses to Teacher Evaluation Incentives: Expectancy, Race, Experience, and Task
Authors: Blazar David , Adnot Melinda , Anthenelli Max , Zhong Xinyi
Published: December 2024

Teacher evaluation systems and their associated incentives have produced fairly mixed results. Our analyses are motivated by theory and descriptive evidence that accountability systems are highly racialized, and that individuals are less likely to respond to incentives when they have low expectations of success (and vice versa). Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that Black novices in the District of Columbia Public Schools faced the most negative consequences (dismissal threats) and the least benefits (salary incentives), without responding to either. White novices, in contrast, exhibited high expectations of success and large behavior changes, particularly in response to dismissal threats (0.6 SD ). We also find some evidence of heterogeneity in effects by task difficulty, often used as a proxy for expectancy, though these differences are less stark.
Prospects for thermochemi-cal processing of salty coals in Ukraine
Authors: Kotlyarov E.I. , Shulga I.V. , Kyzym M.O. , Haustova V.E.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the article is to assess the feasibility of organising the production of synthesis gas from low-metamorphosed hard coal, the reserves of which in Ukraine reach 28 billion tonnes, which exceeds 60 % of the total available reserves. As a raw material base, the article considers the long-burning coal of Western Donbas, located in the Dnipro region, where powerful coal mining and enrichment enterprises operate. To achieve this goal, we analysed the world's most common coal gasification technologies: the Lurgi process (countercurrent steam-oxygen gasification of coarse coal (or briquettes) in a stationary bed), the Siemens process (direct-flow steam-oxygen gasification in a pulverised coal stream), and the Texaco process (direct-flow oxygen gasification in a water-coal pulp stream). For each of these processes, material balances were developed, the quality of the synthesis gas produced, the possibility of organising the production of the necessary energy resources, the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, and the main technical and economic indicators were assessed. The calculations were performed for an enterprise with a coal capacity of 550 thousand tonnes of working weight per year. Based on the calculations, the Texaco process is recommended for industrial implementation. The advantages of this process are the absence of a stage of steam production for gasification, the scarcity of the water cycle, which virtually eliminates the formation of wastewater and the possibility of using contaminated water from other sources for gasification; the highest total content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas produced; the maximum utilised capacity of production reactors and the largest number of capacities created in the world using this technology; utilisation of the heat of the gas produced to generate a large amount of electricity and heat. Keywords: hard coal, Western Donbas, gasification processes, gasification indicators, synthetic motor fuel. Corresponding author I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua
Chemical and technological processing of lignite from the Novo-Dmitrovskoye deposit in the Kharkiv region
Authors: Kotlyarov E.I.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to assess the feasibility of organising the production of synthesis gas from lignite, which has sufficient reserves in Ukraine. As a raw material base, the article considers the coal of the Novo-Dmitrivske deposit located in the Kharkiv region, whose balance sheet reserves in categories A+B+C1 amount to 380 million tonnes in total. To achieve this goal, the most common coal gasification technologies in the world are analysed: the Lurgi process (countercurrent steam-oxygen gasification of coarse coal (or briquettes) in a stationary bed), the Prenflo process (direct-flow steam-oxygen gasification in a pulverised coal stream), and the Texaso process (direct-flow oxygen gasification in a water-coal pulp stream). For each of these processes, material balances were developed, the quality of the synthesis gas produced, the possibility of organising the production of the necessary energy resources, the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, and the main technical and economic indicators were assessed. The calculations were performed for an enterprise with a coal capacity of 9 million tonnes of working weight per year. Based on the calculations, the Lurgi process is recommended for industrial implementation. The advantages of this process are the lowest temperature and pressure of the gasification process; close to the optimal composition of synthesis gas in terms of the ratio of H2 : CO ratio; the lowest emissions of carbon dioxide generated during coal gasification and preparation of synthesis gas for further use; the lowest production cost of prepared synthesis gas; the lowest specific investment (per 1 thousand m3 of prepared synthesis gas). The inexpediency of using the Texaco process for lignite gasification is substantiated, and the directions of improvement of the Prenflo process for its further application in the conditions of the Novo-Dmitrivske field are determined. Keywords: lignite, Novo-Dmytrivske field, gasification processes, gasification indicators, synthetic motor fuel. Corresponding author I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua
Maternal Obesity: Can Raising Awareness on Related Risks Improve the Pregnancy Outcomes? A Longitudinal Study among Moroccan Pregnant Women
Authors: Samim Sara , Loukid Mohamed , Lamtali Saloua
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of raising awareness of obesity-related complications through a brochure among pregnant women with obesity and overweight to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and improve maternal and fetal health. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from November 2021 to November 2023 at three health centers in Marrakech, Morocco. A total of 100 women with obesity and overweight were followed up throughout their 9 months of pregnancy. They were divided randomly into two groups: an intervention group (50 participants) that received advice from the brochure and a control group (50 participants). The brochure provided guidance on gestational weight gain, maternal obesity risks and six tips for healthy pregnancy. The gestational weight gain (GWG) and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in every trimester. Results: The intervention group showed a reduction in GWG compared with the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.075). Regarding lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, except for snacking and the number of meals, both of which showed a statistically significant increase in the control group during the third trimester (p < 0.05). The pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were comparable in both groups, and the intervention had no major impact on these outcomes. Conclusion: This interventional study aimed to raise awareness about the risks of maternal obesity through a brochure that helped women control their weight during pregnancy. However, it did not significantly affect pregnancy outcomes or lifestyle behaviors such as dietary habits and physical activity.
Preoperative Predictors of Successful External Cephalic Version with Breech Presentation at Term: A Single-site Study
Authors: Duan Zhengrong , Zhou Xiaoying , Chen Aner , He Xiaobo , Wang Yinfen
Published: December 2024

Background: To determine the factors associated with successful external cephalic version (ECV) of breech presentation at term in China. Methods: Pregnant patients who underwent ECV for a breech presentation at term from January 2020 to January 2023 were included in this retrospective observational study. From the candidate demographic and clinical factors a logistic regression model was employed to detect the predictors of ECV success. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to test the discriminative capacity of the final model. Results: The success rate of ECV in 207 pregnancies with a breech presentation at term was 68.6%. The rates of failed ECV after four to five attempts were 45/207 (21.7%), and suspected foetal hypoxia was present in 7 out of 207 (3.38%) babies. Three factors—an increased amniotic fluid index (AFI), the use of terbutaline and lower head circumference to femur length (HC/FL) ratio predicted the probability of a successful ECV. The area under the ROC curve (c-statistics) was 0.735 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.649–0.800). Conclusions: An increased AFI, use of terbutaline, and a lower HC/FL ratio were all associated with successful ECV and can be used to estimate the chances of ECV success. ECV for breech presentation is a safe procedure with a reasonable success rate which increases the likelihood of a vaginal birth.
Bacterial Communities and Their Role in Bacterial Infections
Authors: Guliy Olga I. , Evstigneeva Stella S.
Published: December 2024

Since infections associated with microbial communities threaten human health, research is increasingly focusing on the development of biofilms and strategies to combat them. Bacterial communities may include bacteria of one or several species. Therefore, examining all the microbes and identifying individual community bacteria responsible for the infectious process is important. Rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens is paramount in healthcare, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Here, we analyze biofilm composition and describe the main groups of pathogens whose presence in a microbial community leads to infection (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Cutibacterium spp., bacteria of the HACEK, etc.). Particular attention is paid to bacterial communities that can lead to the development of device-associated infections, damage, and disruption of the normal functioning of medical devices, such as cardiovascular implants, biliary stents, neurological, orthopedic, urological and penile implants, etc. Special consideration is given to tissue-located bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity, lungs and lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, middle ear, cardiovascular system, skeletal system, wound surface, and urogenital system. We also describe methods used to analyze the bacterial composition in biofilms, such as microbiologically testing, staining, microcolony formation, cellular and extracellular biofilm components, and other methods. Finally, we present ways to reduce the incidence of biofilm-caused infections.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli from Wastewater Environments in Two University Campuses in Nigeria
Authors: Emurotu Olubunmi Marvelous , Anyanwu Chukwudi , Omatola Cornelius Arome , Aminu Ruth Foluke , Abraham Joseph Oyiguh , Nfor Gilbert Karngong , Samson Sunday Ocholi , Gumbi S’fiso Thuthukani
Published: December 2024

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most prominent bacterial pathogen that causes urinary tract infections (UTIs), and the rate of resistance to most used antibiotics is alarmingly increasing. Methods: This study assessed the hostel gutters of two Nigerian universities, the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN) and Kogi State University, Anyigba (KSU), for E. coli and its antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Oxoid Chromogenic UTI agar was used to isolate uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), identified using standard biochemical tests. The virulence and resistance genes of the isolates were further characterized using molecular techniques. Results: A total of 906 UPEC were isolated in this study, of which 63 isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The UPEC isolates showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin, and penicillin G, while a complete sensitivity of the isolates to meropenem and ciprofloxacin was observed. The index of isolates showing multidrug resistance ranged from 0.33 to 0.73. The level of multiple drug resistance (MDR) exhibited by the UPEC isolates from effluent was significantly higher compared to those from influent (p < 0.05). The ARGs detected were blaOXA-1 8 (38.1%), blaCTX-M3 8 (38.1%), and ant(2)-la 20 (95.2%). Virulence genes encodings beta-glucuronidase (uidA) and hemolysin A (hlyA) were detected in 95.2% of UPEC isolates. Conclusion: The current study showed that UPEC is widely distributed in the environment of two Nigerian universities. The index range of MDR and the circulation of ARGs and virulence genes in the environment suggest a potential health concern, thus warranting further investigation.
Biodiversity and Antifungal Activities of Amazonian Actinomycetes Isolated from Rhizospheres of Inga edulis Plants
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael de Souza , Souza Antonia Queiroz Lima de , Barbosa Anderson Nogueira , Santiago Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva , Vasconcelos Aldenora dos Santos , Barbosa Roneres Deniz , Alves Thalita Caroline Lima , da Cruz Jeferson Chagas , da Silva Gilvan Ferreira , Bentes Jania Lilia da Silva , Souza Afonso Duarte Leão de
Published: December 2024

Background: Actinobacteria are major producers of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites and are growing their search for substances of biotechnological interest, especially for use in agriculture, among other applications. The Amazon is potentially rich in actinobacteria; however, almost no research studies exist. Thus, we present a study of the occurrence and antifungal potential of actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of Inga edulis, a native South American plant and one that is economically useful in the whole of the Amazon. Methods: Among the 64 actinobacteria strains isolated from the rhizosphere of three Inga edulis plants, 20 strains were selected and submitted to dual-culture assays against five important phytopathogenic fungi and morphological and 16S rRNA gene analyses. Two strains, LaBMicrA B270 and B280, were also studied for production curves of metabolic extracts and antifungal activities, including their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against phytopathogenic fungi. Results: Among the 20 strains, 90% were identified as Streptomyces and 10% as Kitasatospora. All the strains showed antagonisms against two or more of five phytopathogens: Corynespora cassiicola, Colletotrichum guaranicola, Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., and Sclerotium coffeicola. Streptomyces spp. strains LaBMicrA B270 and B280 were active against phytopathogens of the guarana plant (Paullinia cupana). Furthermore, AcOEt/2-propanol 9:1 extract from the 10-day strain LaBMicrA B280 cultured medium presented activity against all the phytopathogens tested, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 μg/mL. Conclusions: The results revealed various actinomycetes in three rhizospheres of I. edulis in the Amazon and the high potential of metabolic extracts from some of these bacterial strains against phytopathogenic fungi that destroy numerous crops.
Biomass-Based Microbial Protein Production: A Review of Processing and Properties
Authors: Ayodele Tawakalt , Tijani Abodunrin , Liadi Musiliu , Alarape Kudirat , Clementson Clairmont , Hammed Ademola
Published: December 2024

A rise in population and societal changes have increased pressure on resources required to meet the growing demand for food and changing dietary preferences. The increasing demand for animal protein is concerning and raises questions regarding sustainability due to its environmental impact. Subsequently, scientists seek alternative proteins, such as microbial proteins (MPs), as an environmentally friendly choice. The production of MPs promotes benefits, including reducing deforestation and CO2 emissions. Several microorganism types, such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae, use a variety of substrates for MP production, from agricultural residues to lignocellulosic biomass. These complex substrates, including lignocellulosic biomass, are converted to fermentable sugar through either chemical, physical, or biological methods. Indeed, fermentation can occur through submerged cultures or other methods. However, this depends on the substrate and microorganisms being utilized. MPs have properties that make them versatile and useful ingredients in various applications. Using residues and lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials for producing MPs offers sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and waste reduction advantages. These properties are consistent with the principles established by green chemistry, which aims to conserve resources effectively and operate sustainably in all areas. This review highlights the importance of studying manufacturing aspects and the characteristics associated with MPs, which can be implemented to solve problems and encourage novel methods in the global food/feed industry.
Epigenetic Modulations of Non-Coding RNAs: A Novel Therapeutic Perspective in Sjӧgren’s Syndrome
Authors: Sisto Margherita , Lisi Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that can be classified as an epithelitis based on the immune-mediated attack directed specifically at epithelial cells. SS predominantly affects women, is characterized by the production of highly specific circulating autoantibodies, and the major targets are the salivary and lachrymal glands. Although a genetic predisposition has been amply demonstrated for SS, the etiology remains unclear. The recent integration of epigenetic data relating to autoimmune diseases opens new therapeutic perspectives based on a better understanding of the molecular processes implicated. In the autoimmune field, non-coding RNA molecules (nc-RNA), which regulate gene expression by binding to mRNAs and could have a therapeutic value, have aroused great interest. The focus of this review is to summarize the biological functions of nc-RNAs in the pathogenesis of SS and decode molecular pathways implicated in the disease, in order to identify new therapeutic strategies.
Relative Frequency of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in Egypt: A Reference Laboratory Report
Authors: Fateen Ekram , Abdallah Zeinab Y.
Published: December 2024

Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency in arylsulfatase A (ARSA) activity and belongs to the group of lysosomal storage diseases. A biochemical diagnosis of MLD is based on determining the residual ARSA activity in leukocytes, skin fibroblasts, and urine. This study documents our biochemical experience and estimates the relative frequency of MLD over 21 years (2001–2022). Methods: This study analyzed 4357 suspected cases of MLD in Egypt. The ARSA activity was spectrophotometrically determined in leukocytes in all the referred cases. Results: Of these 4357 referred cases, 577 (13%) possessed decreased ARSA activity, less than 10% of the low normal range (50–200 micromole/gram protein/hour (μmol/g protein/h), and 104 cases were diagnosed as having a pseudodeficiency in enzyme activity (<20–50% of low–normal ARSA activity). The prevalence of MLD was 1.6/100,000. Conclusions: A diagnosis of MLD in Egypt is based on enzyme activity levels and clinical suspicion; molecular analysis was performed in a few cases.
Polymorphism in Genes Encoding HSP40 Family Proteins is Associated with Ischemic Stroke Risk and Brain Infarct Size: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kobzeva Ksenia A. , Gurtovoy Denis E. , Polonikov Alexey V. , Pokrovsky Vladimir M. , Patrakhanov Evgeny A. , Bushueva Olga Y.
Published: December 2024

Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a critical role in the molecular mechanisms of ischemic stroke (IS). A possible role for HSP40 family proteins in atherosclerosis progression has already been revealed; however, to date, molecular genetic studies on the involvement of genes encoding proteins of the HSP40 family in IS have not yet been carried out. Aim: We sought to determine whether nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding HSP40 family proteins (DNAJB1, DNAJB2, DNAJA1, DNAJA2, DNAJA3 and DNAJC7) are associated with the risk and clinical features of IS. Methods: Using TaqMan-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the MassArray-4 system, DNA samples of 2551 Russians — 1306 IS patients and 1245 healthy individuals — were genotyped. Results: SNP rs2034598 DNAJA2 decreased the risk of IS exclusively in male patients (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.98, p = 0.028); rs7189628 DNAJA2 increased the brain infarct size (p = 0.04); and rs6500605 DNAJA3 lowered the age of onset of IS (p = 0.03). SNPs rs10448231 DNAJA1, rs7189628 DNAJA2, rs4926222 DNAJB1 and rs2034598 DNAJA2 were involved in the strongest epistatic interactions linked to IS; SNP rs10448231 DNAJA1 is characterised by the most essential mono-effect (2.96% of IS entropy); all of the top SNP–SNP interaction models included the pairwise combination rs7189628 DNAJA2×rs4926222 DNAJB1, which was found to be a key factor determining susceptibility to IS. In interactions with the studied SNPs, smoking was found to have multidirectional effects (synergism, antagonism or additive effect) and the strongest mono-effect (3.47% of IS entropy), exceeding the mono-effects of rs6500605 DNAJA3, rs10448231 DNAJA1, rs2034598 DNAJA2, rs7189628 DNAJA2 and rs4926222 DNAJB1, involved in the best G×E models and determining 0.03%–0.73% of IS entropy. Conclusions: We are the first to discover polymorphisms in genes encoding HSP40 family proteins as a major risk factor for IS and its clinical manifestations. The comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed molecular mechanisms, underscoring their significance in the pathogenesis of IS, primarily reflecting the regulation of heat stress, proteostasis and cellular signalling.
The Neurophysiological Impact of Touch-Based Therapy: Insights and Clinical Benefits
Authors: Bonanno Mirjam , Papa Giuseppe Alfredo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: December 2024

The evidence on how touch-based therapy acts on the brain activity opens novel cues for the treatment of chronic pain conditions for which no definitive treatment exists. Touch-based therapies, particularly those involving C-tactile (CT)-optimal touch, have gained increasing attention for their potential in modulating pain perception and improving psychological well-being. While previous studies have focused on the biomechanical effects of manual therapy, recent research has shifted towards understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these interventions. CT-optimal touch, characterized by gentle stroking that activates CT afferents, may be used to reduce pain perception in chronic pain conditions and to enhance psychological well-being. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms involved and to establish the therapeutic efficacy of CT-optimal touch in various clinical populations.
Neuroimaging Correlates of the NIH-Toolbox-Driven Cognitive Metrics in Children
Authors: Acosta-Rodriguez Hector , Yuan Cuiping , Bobba Pratheek , Stephan Alicia , Zeevi Tal , Malhotra Ajay , Tran Anh Tuan , Kaltenhauser Simone , Payabvash Seyedmehdi
Published: December 2024

Background: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery is increasingly being used as a standardized test to examine cognitive functioning in multicentric studies. This study examines the associations between the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery composite scores with neuroimaging metrics using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to elucidate the neurobiological and neuroanatomical correlates of these cognitive scores. Methods: Neuroimaging data from 5290 children (mean age 9.9 years) were analyzed, assessing the correlation of the composite scores with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI), and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fMRI). Results were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, head size, body mass index (BMI), and parental income and education. Results: Higher fluid cognition composite scores were linked to greater white matter (WM) microstructural integrity, lower cortical thickness, greater cortical surface area, and mixed associations with rs-fMRI. Conversely, crystallized cognition composite scores showed more complex associations, suggesting that higher scores correlated with lower WM microstructure integrity. Total cognition scores reflected patterns consistent with a combination of both fluid and crystallized cognition, but with diluted specific insights. Our findings highlight the complexity of the neuroimaging correlates of the NIH Toolbox composite scores. Conclusions: The results suggest that fluid cognition composite scores may serve as a marker for cognitive functioning, emphasizing neuroimaging’s clinical relevance in assessing cognitive performance in children. These insights can guide early interventions and personalized education strategies. Future ABCD follow-ups will further illuminate these associations into adolescence and adulthood.
CLEC7A Knockdown Alleviates Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Microglia Activation
Authors: Li Wei , Feng Xiaoli , Zhang Manyu , Wang Kangmeng , Huang Kailai , Zhao Zhenqiang , Xia Min
Published: December 2024

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Herein, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers and explore the role of C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7A) in IS. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the GSE106680, GSE97537, and GSE61616 datasets, and hub genes were identified through construction of protein-protein interaction networks. An IS model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). Neural function was assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin-eosin, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling. A cell counting kit was used to detect cell viability following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Inflammatory factors were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Results: Fc fragment of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor IIIa (FCGR3A), Fc fragment of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor Ig (FCER1G), Complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5AR1), CLEC7A, Plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6) were identified as important hub genes, from which CLEC7A was selected as the primary subject of this study. The activation of microglia and pyroptosis were observed in MCAO/R model with increased levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and lactate dehydrogenase. CLEC7A knockdown was found to promote cell viability in BV2 cells and inhibiting pyroptosis in HT22 cells. CLEC7A knockdown in microglia also decreased infarct volume and neurological deficit scores, and alleviated injury and neuronal apoptosis in IS rats. CLEC7A knockdown inhibited pyroptosis and microglial activation in the MCAO/R model. A pyroptosis activator reversed the effect of CLEC7A knockdown on the viability of OGD/R-treated HT22 cells. Conclusion: CLEC7A is a promising biomarker of IS. CLEC7A knockdown alleviates IS by inhibiting pyroptosis and microglial activation.
Excess Ub-K48 Induces Neuronal Apoptosis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Qiang , Yuan Yiyuan , Huang Shi , Di Guangfu , Chen Haoyuan , Zhuang Yani , Fang Wanzhen , Huang Yanjiao , Tao Yinan , Jiang Jing , Xu Zhiliang
Published: December 2024

Background: K48-linked ubiquitin chain (Ub-K48) is a crucial ubiquitin chain implicated in protein degradation within the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the precise function and molecular mechanism underlying the role of Ub-K48 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neuronal cell abnormalities remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the function of K48 ubiquitination in the etiology of AD, and its associated mechanism of neuronal apoptosis. Methods: A mouse model of AD was constructed, and behavioral phenotypic changes were detected using an open field test (OFT). The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an early marker of AD, was detected by western blotting (WB). Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal region was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to observe the changes in Phosphorylated tubulin associated unit (p-Tau) and Ub-K48 colocalization in neurons of the hippocampal region of AD mice. WB was further applied to detect the degree of ubiquitylation of K48 and the expression of Tau, p-Tau, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) proteins in neuronal cells of the hippocampus and cortical regions of mice. Results: Mice with AD exhibited significantly longer resting times (p < 0.05) and shorter average speeds (p < 0.01), total distances travelled (p < 0.01), and distances travelled (p < 0.01) in the central region than those in the control group. This indicated cognitive impairment, which occurred concurrent with an increased expression of the AD marker GFAP protein (p < 0.001). The hippocampal region of AD mice showed abnormalities with sparsely and irregularly arranged cells, large gaps between cells, lighter staining, unclear boundaries of the cell membranes and nuclei, and agglutinated and condensed nuclei (p < 0.01). The neuronal cells of AD mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of p-Tau (p < 0.01) and Ub-K48 (p < 0.01), as well as a notable degree of co-localization within the cells. The intracellular pro-inflammatory protein Bax was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05), while the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05), thus inducing apoptosis in AD neuronal cells. Conclusion: Ub-K48 is strongly linked to the development of AD. p-Tau aggregate in neuronal cells in the hippocampal region of the AD brain and colocalize with Ub-K48, which in turn leads to cellular inflammation and the induction of apoptosis in neuronal cells.
From Molecules to Medicine: Navigating the Challenges of Network Science in Precision Medicine
Authors: Zareian Somaye , Sardari Soroush
Published: December 2024

Network science has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding complex systems, including biological and social networks, and has given rise to the innovative field of network medicine. By leveraging the principles of network science, network medicine seeks to unravel the intricate molecular interactions that drive disease, offering insights beyond what traditional single-parameter analyses can provide. However, despite its potential, network medicine faces significant challenges. The molecular networks it relies on often suffer from limitations such as incomplete data, static representations of dynamic processes, and a lack of experimental validation, which hinder their reliability in addressing multifaceted medical problems. This review critically evaluates these limitations and explores how network science can be refined to better support the goals of precision and personalized medicine. We propose a series of solutions to address these challenges, including the integration of multilayer networks to capture the complexity of biological systems, the continuous feeding of networks with updated, high-quality data, and rigorous experimental validation to ensure the accuracy of network predictions. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating temporal and spatial dynamics into network models to more accurately reflect the evolving nature of diseases. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state of network medicine and identifying key areas for improvement, this review outlines a roadmap for the future of the field. It highlights the critical need to bridge the gap between theoretical network models and their clinical applications, ensuring that the insights gained from network science can be translated into practical tools for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Through these advancements, network medicine holds the potential to revolutionize healthcare, leading to more precise, targeted therapies and ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Current Advance, Challenges and Future Perspectives of Conduction System Pacing
Authors: Wang Tong-yu , Ma Pei-pei , Yang Yi-heng , Xia Yun-long , Jing Zhao-meng , She Zhuang-chuan , Dong Ying-xue
Published: December 2024

Existing techniques for pacing the right ventricle and providing cardiac resynchronization therapy through biventricular pacing are not effective in restoring damage to the conduction system. Therefore, the need for new pacing modalities and techniques with more sensible designs and algorithms is justified. Although the benefits of conduction system pacing (CSP), which mainly include His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), are evident in patients who require conduction system recuperation, the critical criteria for left CSP remain unclear, and the roles of different pacing modalities of CSP for cardiac resynchronization are not definite. In this review, we aimed to highlight the advantages of different CSP options, current advancement in the surgical devices, and future directions.