bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“We Need Community”: Assessing the Impact of Faculty, Advising, Campus Social Life, and Racial Formation on the Transfer Student Experience at a Diverse Island Campus
Authors: Hern Lindy , McKay Remi , Brown Susan
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we examine the experiences of lower division transfer students at a diverse island campus. We conducted this study to increase our understanding of why lower division transfer students are one of the most at-risk populations in relation to completing their education at Island University. The question “how might the institution better serve these students in order to increase retention” guided our research process. The intended goal was practical—to create new programming that facilitated the process of transferring to Island University and increased student retention—specifically in relation to lower division transfer students. The conclusions drawn from the data also have important implications for a more general understanding of the problem of creating socially just educational systems, which is highlighted by the issue of student retention—especially on diverse campuses that serve economically disadvantaged communities.
The perceptions of natural compounds against dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in diabetes: from in silico to in vivo
Authors: Lin Shian-Ren , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Tsai May-Jwan , Cheng Henrich , Chen Jian-Chyi , Leong Max K. , Weng Ching-Feng
Published: September 2019

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1. In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1 degradation and prolong GLP-1 its action and sensitize insulin activity for the purpose of lowering blood glucose. Nonetheless the adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors severely hinder their clinical applications, and notably there is a clinical demand for novel DPP-4 inhibitors from various sources including chemical synthesis, herbs, and plants with fewer side effects. In this review, we highlight various strategies, namely computational biology ( in silico), in vitro enzymatic and cell assays, and in vivo animal tests, for seeking natural DPP-4 inhibitors from botanic sources including herbs and plants. The pros and cons of all approaches for new inhibitor candidates or hits will be under discussion.
Successful depiction of systemic collateral supply to pulmonary artery in CTEPH using time‐resolved 4D CT angiography: a case report
Authors: Tamura Masashi , Kawakami Takashi , Yamada Yoshitake , Kataoka Masaharu , Nakatsuka Seishi , Fukuda Keiichi , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: September 2019

A 49‐year‐old man with CTEPH (pre‐procedural mean pulmonary artery pressure: 36 mmHg) underwent balloon pulmonary angioplasty. Chronic total occlusion of the left inferior pulmonary artery trunk was observed. To evaluate the collateral vessels of the chronic total occlusion, 4D‐CTA was performed. The examination was performed using a 256‐row detector CT system using the test bolus tracking method. 4D‐CTA showed the bronchial artery‐to‐left inferior pulmonary artery collateral supply, which was confirmed by a selective bronchial artery angiography. The patient’s symptoms improved with balloon pulmonary angioplasty of the other stenotic lesions. 4D‐CTA can noninvasively evaluate the anatomy and hemodynamics of multiple systemic collaterals simultaneously. This technique can support interventions in systemic artery‐to‐pulmonary artery collaterals, such as embolization, and could be helpful in challenging balloon pulmonary angioplasty interventions for chronic total occlusion to identify vessel structures distal to the chronic total occlusion and collateral channels for a retrograde approach.
Burned Out: Workplace Policies and Practices Can Tackle Occupational Burnout
Authors: Adlakha Deepti
Published: September 2019

Burnout has been included as an occupational phenomenon in the International Classification of Diseases. Health promotion through workplace physical activity policies, incentives, and supports has the potential to prevent burnout.
Let’s Talk Sports: An Egocentric Discussion Network Analysis Regarding NFL Crisis Perceptions
Authors: Harker Jennifer L.
Published: September 2019

This egocentric discussion network analysis examines American sports fans’ crisis perceptions regarding four National Football League (NFL) crises. The purpose of this research was to examine how stakeholders’ perceptions of sport-related crises are communicated within the rhetorical arena. This research addresses several lingering questions regarding the influential role of sport identification, fan communication behavior, and social relationships among sports fans in the development of crisis perceptions. The situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) model is extended by applying it to sport crisis and the network perspective. In sum, this sport crisis egocentric discussion network, driven by functional specificity hypothesis, enabled an in-depth investigation into network selection, activation, and influence regarding sports fans’ crisis perceptions, and the significance of identification and the discordant communication exchanged within a sports fan’s personal network.
The architecture of the IgG anti-carbohydrate repertoire in primary antibody deficiencies
Authors: Jandus Peter , Boligan Kayluz Frias , Smith David F. , de Graauw Elisabeth , Grimbacher Bodo , Jandus Camilla , Abdelhafez Mai M. , Despont Alain , Bovin Nicolai , Simon Dagmar , Rieben Robert , Simon Hans-Uwe , Cummings Richard D. , von Gunten Stephan
Published: September 2019

Key Points

Repertoire analysis by microarray technology constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate immune system failure in PADs.
The pharmacogenomics of inhaled corticosteroids and lung function decline in COPD
Authors: Obeidat Ma'en , Faiz Alen , Li Xuan , van den Berge Maarten , Hansel Nadia N. , Joubert Philippe , Hao Ke , Brandsma Corry-Anke , Rafaels Nicholas , Mathias Rasika , Ruczinski Ingo , Beaty Terri H. , Barnes Kathleen C. , Man S.F. Paul , Paré Peter D. , Sin Don D.
Published: September 2019

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely prescribed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet have variable outcomes and adverse reactions, which may be genetically determined. The primary aim of the study was to identify the genetic determinants for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) changes related to ICS therapy.

In the Lung Health Study (LHS)-2, 1116 COPD patients were randomised to the ICS triamcinolone acetonide (n=559) or placebo (n=557) with spirometry performed every 6 months for 3 years. We performed a pharmacogenomic genome-wide association study for the genotype-by-ICS treatment effect on 3 years of FEV1 changes (estimated as slope) in 802 genotyped LHS-2 participants. Replication was performed in 199 COPD patients randomised to the ICS, fluticasone or placebo.

A total of five loci showed genotype-by-ICS interaction at p<5×10−6; of these, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs111720447 on chromosome 7 was replicated (discovery p=4.8×10−6, replication p=5.9×10−5) with the same direction of interaction effect. ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) data revealed that in glucocorticoid-treated (dexamethasone) A549 alveolar cell line, glucocorticoid receptor binding sites were located near SNP rs111720447. In stratified analyses of LHS-2, genotype at SNP rs111720447 was significantly associated with rate of FEV1 decline in patients taking ICS (C allele β 56.36 mL·year−1, 95% CI 29.96–82.76 mL·year−1) and in patients who were assigned to placebo, although the relationship was weaker and in the opposite direction to that in the ICS group (C allele β −27.57 mL·year−1, 95% CI −53.27– −1.87 mL·year−1).

The study uncovered genetic factors associated with FEV1 changes related to ICS in COPD patients, which may provide new insight on the potential biology of steroid responsiveness in COPD.
The effects of marijuana smoking on lung function in older people
Authors: Tan Wan C. , Bourbeau Jean , Aaron Shawn D. , Hogg James C. , Maltais François , Hernandez Paul , Marciniuk Darcy D. , Chapman Kenneth R. , To Teresa , FitzGerald J. Mark , Walker Brandie L. , Road Jeremy , Zheng Liyun , Zhou Guohai , Yau Trevor , Benedetti Andrea , O'Donnell Denis , Sin Don D.
Published: September 2019

Background

Previous studies have associated marijuana exposure with increased respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis among long-term cannabis smokers. The long-term effects of smoked marijuana on lung function remain unclear.

Methods

We determined the association of marijuana smoking with the risk of spirometrically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7) in 5291 population-based individuals and the rate of decline in FEV1in a subset of 1285 males and females, aged ≥40 years, who self-reported use (or non-use) of marijuana and tobacco cigarettes and performed spirometry before and after inhaled bronchodilator on multiple occasions. Analysis for the decline in FEV1was performed using random mixed effects regression models adjusted for age, sex and body mass index. Heavy tobacco smoking and marijunana smoking was defined as >20 pack-years and >20 joint-years, respectively.

Results

∼20% of participants had been or were current marijuana smokers with most having smoked tobacco cigarettes in addition (83%). Among heavy marijuana users, the risk of COPD was significantly increased (adjusted OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.55–3.88). Compared to never-smokers of marijuana and tobacco, heavy marijuana smokers and heavy tobacco smokers experienced a faster decline in FEV1by 29.5 mL·year−1(p=0.0007) and 21.1 mL·year−1(p<0.0001), respectively. Those who smoked both substances experienced a decline of 32.31 mL·year−1(p<0.0001).

Interpretation

Heavy marijuana smoking increases the risk of COPD and accelerates FEV1decline in concomitant tobacco smokers beyond that observed with tobacco alone.
Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism in the AVIS-2 Study: Assessment of Selectivity and Lateralization
Authors: Rossitto Giacomo , Amar Laurence , Azizi Michel , Riester Anna , Reincke Martin , Degenhart Christoph , Widimsky Jiri , Naruse Mitsuhide , Deinum Jaap , Schultzekool Leo , Kocjan Tomaz , Negro Aurelio , Rossi Ermanno , Kline Gregory , Tanabe Akiyo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Rump Lars Christian , Vonend Oliver , Willenberg Holger S , Fuller Peter , Yang Jun , Nian Chee Nicholas Yong , Magill Steven B , Shafigullina Zulfiya , Quinkler Marcus , Oliveras Anna , Chang Chin-Chen , Wu Vin Cent , Somloova Zusana , Maiolino Giuseppe , Barbiero Giulio , Battistel Michele , Lenzini Livia , Quaia Emilio , Pessina Achille Cesare , Rossi Gian Paolo
Published: September 2019

Context

Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the key test for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA), but its interpretation varies widely across referral centers and this can adversely affect the management of PA patients.

Objectives

To investigate in a real-life study the rate of bilateral success and identification of unilateral aldosteronism and their impact on blood pressure outcomes in PA subtyped by AVS.

Design and settings

In a retrospective analysis of the largest international registry of individual AVS data (AVIS-2 study), we investigated how different cut-off values of the selectivity index (SI) and lateralization index (LI) affected rate of bilateral success, identification of unilateral aldosteronism, and blood pressure outcomes.

Results

AVIS-2 recruited 1625 individual AVS studies performed between 2000 and 2015 in 19 tertiary referral centers. Under unstimulated conditions, the rate of biochemically confirmed bilateral AVS success progressively decreased with increasing SI cut-offs; furthermore, with currently used LI cut-offs, the rate of identified unilateral PA leading to adrenalectomy was as low as <25%. A within-patient pairwise comparison of 402 AVS performed both under unstimulated and cosyntropin-stimulated conditions showed that cosyntropin increased the confirmed rate of bilateral selectivity for SI cut-offs ≥ 2.0, but reduced lateralization rates (P < 0.001). Post-adrenalectomy outcomes were not improved by use of cosyntropin or more restrictive diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion

Commonly used SI and LI cut-offs are associated with disappointingly low rates of biochemically defined AVS success and identified unilateral PA. Evidence-based protocols entailing less restrictive interpretative cut-offs might optimize the clinical use of this costly and invasive test. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab XX: 0-0, 2020)
In utero Bisphenol A Exposure Is Linked with Sex Specific Changes in the Transcriptome and Methylome of Human Amniocytes
Authors: Bansal Amita , Robles-Matos Nicole , Wang Paul Zhiping , Condon David E , Joshi Apoorva , Pinney Sara E
Published: September 2019

Context

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is linked to obesity and diabetes but the molecular mechanisms driving these phenomena are not known. Alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero represent a potential mechanism leading to metabolic dysfunction later in life.

Objective

To profile changes in genome-wide DNA methylation and expression in second trimester human amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero.

Design

A nested case-control study was performed in amniocytes matched for offspring sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, gestational age at amniocentesis, and gestational age at birth. Cases had amniotic fluid BPA measuring 0.251 to 23.74 ng/mL. Sex-specific genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to determine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and gene expression changes associated with BPA exposure. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify biologically relevant pathways enriched after BPA exposure. In silico Hi-C analysis identified potential chromatin interactions with DMRs.

Results

There were 101 genes with altered expression in male amniocytes exposed to BPA (q < 0.05) in utero, with enrichment of pathways critical to hepatic dysfunction, collagen signaling and adipogenesis. Thirty-six DMRs were identified in male BPA-exposed amniocytes and 14 in female amniocyte analysis (q < 0.05). Hi-C analysis identified interactions between DMRs and 24 genes with expression changes in male amniocytes and 12 in female amniocytes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In a unique repository of human amniocytes exposed to BPA in utero, sex-specific analyses identified gene expression changes in pathways associated with metabolic disease and novel DMRs with potential distal regulatory functions.
Colocalization of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Candidate Gene Products in Theca Cells Suggests Novel Signaling Pathways
Authors: Kulkarni Rewa , Teves Maria E , Han Angela X , McAllister Jan M , Strauss Jerome F
Published: September 2019

Genome-wide association studies identified loci associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including those near the LH receptor gene (LHCGR), a clathrin-binding protein (DENND1A) that functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and the gene encoding RAB5B, a GTPase involved in vesicular trafficking. We proposed that these three PCOS loci could be assembled into a functional network that contributes to altered gene expression in theca cells, resulting in increased androgen synthesis. The functional significance of this network was supported by our discovery that a truncated protein splice variant of the DENND1A gene, termed DENND1A.V2, is elevated in PCOS theca cells, and that forced expression of DENND1A.V2 in normal theca cells increased CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 expression and androgen synthesis, a hallmark of PCOS. In this study, we demonstrate the colocalization of LHCGR, DENND1AV.2, and RAB5B proteins in various cellular compartments in normal and PCOS theca cells by immunofluorescence. Human chorionic gonadotropin and forskolin stimulation was shown to affect the cytoplasmic distribution of LHCGR, DENND1A.V2, and RAB5B. DENND1A.V2 accumulated in the nuclei of the theca cells. Moreover, PCOS theca cells, following forskolin treatment, had a significantly greater relative abundance of nuclear DENND1A.V2. RAB5B also accumulated in the nuclei of PCOS theca cells treated with forskolin. In contrast, LHCGR did not enter the nucleus. This cytological evidence, and the previously reported increase in androgen biosynthesis with forced expression of DENND1A.V2 in normal theca cells, raises the possibility that DENND1A.V2 and RAB5B participate in increasing transcription of genes involved in androgen synthesis.
Prehospital Management of Acute Addison Disease: Audit of Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in a Regional Area
Authors: Goubar Thomas , Torpy David J , McGrath Shaun , Rushworth R Louise
Published: September 2019

Context

Adrenal crisis (AC) causes morbidity and mortality in patients with Addison disease [primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI)]. Patient-initiated stress dosing (oral or parenteral hydrocortisone) is recommended to avert ACs. Although these should be effective, the continued incidence of ACs remains largely unexplained.

Methods

Audit of all attendances between 2000 and 2017 of adult patients with treated PAI to one large regional referral center in New South Wales, Australia. Measurements were those taken on arrival at hospital.

Results

There were 252 attendances by 56 patients with treated PAI during the study period. Women comprised 60.7% (n = 34) of the patients. The mean age of attendees was 53.7 (19.6) years. Nearly half (45.2%, n = 114) of the patients had an infection. There were 61 (24.2%) ACs diagnosed by the treating clinician. Only 17.9% (n = 45) of the hospital presentations followed any form of stress dosing. IM hydrocortisone was used prior to presentation 7 (2.8%) attendances only. Among patients with a clinician-diagnosed AC, only 32.8% (n = 20) had used stress dosing before presentation. Vomiting was reported by 47.6% (n = 120) of the patients but only 33 (27.5%) of these attempted stress dosing and 5 patients with vomiting used IM hydrocortisone. The number of prior presentations was an independent predictor of use of stress doses [1.05 (1.01, 1.09)].

Conclusion

Dose-escalation strategies are not used universally or correctly by unwell patients with PAI; many patients do not use IM or subcutaneous hydrocortisone injections. Previous hospital treatment increases the likelihood of stress dosing, and hospital attendance offers the opportunity for reinforcement of prevention strategies.
“The Honest Marxist”
Authors: Feygin Yakov
Published: September 2019

This article examines the career of Yakov Kronrod, a Soviet economic theorist, in the context of the larger transformation of Soviet economics in the post-Stalin period. It argues that Kronrod’s debates with his rivals in the “Mathematical Economics” and “Moscow State University” approaches to economics open a window on how the changing relationship between the state and the profession of economics created new research agendas. The transformation of economics in the post-Stalin period into a “Cold War Science” from an “ideological science” made “policy relevance” increasingly important to Soviet economic practitioners and allowed once ideologically hostile ideas to become central to economics. This case study makes a larger intervention into the history of late Soviet society, arguing that seemingly arcane intellectual conflicts were, in fact, a reflection of extremely contentious political battles and that ideology remained a key site of politics deep into the Brezhnev era.
The Growth and Marcescence of the “System for Optimal Functioning of the Economy” (SOFE)
Authors: Ericson Richard E.
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the perhaps most systematic attempt to develop mathematical methods for use in planning and management of the Soviet economy: the system for optimal functioning of the economy (SOFE). The intellectual ferment of the post-Stalin “thaw,” and increasing difficulties in managing the growing economy, opened the way to new approaches to Soviet economics. Scholars, primarily at a new Academy of Sciences institute for applying mathematics to economic problems—the Central Economic-Mathematical Institute—developed a series of models and policy recommendations in dozens of monographs, articles, and conference reports from 1963 to the mid-1980s. Despite evident support at two CPSU Party Congresses (1966, 1971), SOFE never got traction in the official planning or administrative organs, although some specific mathematical methods and recommendations derived from SOFE were used experimentally, and indeed partially applied in plan implementations. The last act of SOFE came with the incorporation of many of its ideas in the final Soviet reform—Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika. I survey the evolution of the SOFE research program and its policy recommendations, arguing that it was inherently incapable of providing viable reform recommendations due not only to the difficulty of that task but also the political opposition to the recommendations derived from that program.
The Irish Sinn Féin Movement and Radical Labor and Feminist Dissent in America, 1916–1921
Authors: McKillen Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

The Irish Easter Rebellion of 1916 produced shockwaves in US labor and radical circles arguably as great as those that emanated from the Russian Revolution of 1917. Yet while Bolshevik agitation in the United States in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, along with its role in fostering a post – World War I “Red Scare,” has been carefully studied, the significance of the Irish Revolution for US labor and radical politics has received relatively little attention. This article uses the records of the Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Justice, among other sources, to suggest that American authorities were profoundly worried about the subversive influence of Irish Sinn Féin revolutionaries on the American labor and women’s suffrage movements. Authorities were right to be worried, for while some Irish and Irish American Sinn Féin advocates were social conservatives, others championed new forms of workers’ and women’s empowerment that fundamentally threatened existing social and political structures.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in women and increases susceptibility to HIV-1 in humanized mice
Authors: Wessels Jocelyn M. , Lajoie Julie , Cooper Maeve I. J. Hay , Omollo Kenneth , Felker Allison M. , Vitali Danielle , Dupont Haley A. , Nguyen Philip V. , Mueller Kristen , Vahedi Fatemeh , Kimani Joshua , Oyugi Julius , Cheruiyot Juliana , Mungai John N. , Deshiere Alexandre , Tremblay Michel J. , Mazzulli Tony , Stearns Jennifer C. , Ashkar Ali A. , Fowke Keith R. , Surette Michael G. , Kaushic Charu
Published: September 2019

The hormonal contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is associated with increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), via incompletely understood mechanisms. Increased diversity in the vaginal microbiota modulates genital inflammation and is associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition. However, the effect of MPA on diversity of the vaginal microbiota is relatively unknown. In a cohort of female Kenyan sex workers, negative for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with Nugent scores <7 (N=58 of 370 screened), MPA correlated with significantly increased diversity of the vaginal microbiota as assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MPA was also significantly associated with decreased levels of estrogen in the plasma, and low vaginal glycogen and α-amylase, factors implicated in vaginal colonization by lactobacilli, bacteria that are believed to protect against STIs. In a humanized mouse model, MPA treatment was associated with low serum estrogen, low glycogen and enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility. The mechanism by which the MPA-mediated changes in the vaginal microbiota may contribute to HIV-1 susceptibility in humans appears to be independent of inflammatory cytokines and/or activated T cells. Altogether, these results suggest MPA-induced hypo-estrogenism may alter key metabolic components that are necessary for vaginal colonization by certain bacterial species including lactobacilli, and allow for greater bacterial diversity in the vaginal microbiota.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Drug screens of NGLY1 Deficiency worm and fly models reveal catecholamine, NRF2 and anti-inflammatory pathway activation as potential clinical approaches
Authors: Iyer Sangeetha , Mast Joshua D. , Tsang Hillary , Rodriguez Tamy P. , DiPrimio Nina , Prangley Madeleine , Sam Feba S. , Parton Zachary , Perlstein Ethan O.
Published: September 2019

N-glycanase 1/NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare and complex monogenic glycosylation disorder that affects fewer than 40 patients globally. NGLY1 Deficiency has been studied in model organisms such as yeast, worms, flies and mice. Proteasomal and mitochondrial homeostasis gene networks are controlled by the evolutionarily conserved transcriptional regulator Nrf1, whose activity requires deglycosylation by NGLY1. Hypersensitivity to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a common phenotype observed in whole animal and cellular models of NGLY1 Deficiency. Here we describe unbiased phenotypic drug screens to identify FDA approved drugs, generally recognized as safe natural products and novel chemical entities that rescue growth and development of NGLY1-deficient worm and fly larvae treated with a toxic dose of bortezomib. We used image-based larval size and number assays for use in screens of a 2,560-member drug repurposing library and a 20,240-member lead discovery library. A total of 91 validated hit compounds from primary invertebrate screens were tested in a human cell line in a NRF2 activity assay. NRF2 is a transcriptional regulator that regulates cellular redox homeostasis and it can compensate for loss of Nrf1. Plant-based polyphenols comprise the largest class of hit compounds and NRF2 inducers. Catecholamines and catecholamine receptor activators comprise the second largest class of hits. Steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs comprise the third largest class. Only one compound was active in all assays and species: the atypical antipsychotic and dopamine receptor agonist aripiprazole. Worm and fly models of NGLY1 Deficiency validate therapeutic rationales for activation of NRF2 and anti-inflammatory pathways based on results in mice and human cell models and suggest a novel therapeutic rationale for boosting catecholamine levels and/or signaling in the brain.
Anharmonic Vibrational Analysis of Dihalogenomethanes and Dihalogenoethanes by Density-Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Furuya Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Akira , Tasumi Mitsuo
Published: September 2019

The anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers of dihalogeno-methanes CH2X2 and 1,2-dihalogenoethanes CH2XCH2X (X: F, Cl, and Br) were calculated by using hybrid and double-hybrid density-functional methods. For comparison of the methods of calculation, the molecular-orbital method at the CCSD(T) level was also tested for CH2F2 and CH2Cl2. It was found that the hybrid-type B3LYP functional method was not satisfactory for calculating anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers. It was possible to improve the B3LYP functional method by altering the coefficients of the energy formula for CH2F2, but the set of obtained coefficients was not transferrable to CH2Cl2. The double-hybrid-type B2PLYP functional method with carefully chosen sets of basis functions gave molecular structures and anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers in good agreement with the published experimental values. The molecular-orbital method at the CCSD(T) level gave calculated results comparable with (or even better than) those by the B2PLYP functional method. However, the cost of computation by the B2PLYP functional method is far lower than that by the molecular-orbital method at the CCSD(T) level. The B2PLYP functional method, which has the advantage of giving satisfactory results with relatively low costs of computation, may become a realistic approach for anharmonic vibrational analyses of relatively large molecules in general.
CRIP: predicting circRNA–RBP-binding sites using a codon-based encoding and hybrid deep neural networks
Authors: Zhang Kaiming , Pan Xiaoyong , Yang Yang , Shen Hong-Bin
Published: September 2019

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), with their crucial roles in gene regulation and disease development, have become rising stars in the RNA world. To understand the regulatory function of circRNAs, many studies focus on the interactions between circRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Recently, the abundant CLIP-seq experimental data has enabled the large-scale identification and analysis of circRNA–RBP interactions, whereas, as far as we know, no computational tool based on machine learning has been proposed yet. We develop CRIP (CircRNAs Interact with Proteins) for the prediction of RBP-binding sites on circRNAs using RNA sequences alone. CRIP consists of a stacked codon-based encoding scheme and a hybrid deep learning architecture, in which a convolutional neural network (CNN) learns high-level abstract features and a recurrent neural network (RNN) learns long dependency in the sequences. We construct 37 data sets including sequence fragments of binding sites on circRNAs, and each set corresponds to an RBP. The experimental results show that the new encoding scheme is superior to the existing feature representation methods for RNA sequences, and the hybrid network outperforms conventional classifiers by a large margin, where both the CNN and RNN components contribute to the performance improvement.
Recent advances in understanding context-dependent mechanisms controlling neurotrophin signaling and function
Authors: Bothwell Mark
Published: September 2019

Complex mechanisms control the signaling of neurotrophins through p75NTR and Trk receptors, allowing cellular responses that are highly context dependent, particularly in the nervous system and particularly with regard to the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent reports describe a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that contribute to such functional flexibility. Mechanisms described include regulation of trafficking of alternative BDNF transcripts, regulation of post-translational processing and secretion of BDNF, engagement of co-receptors that influence localization and signaling of p75NTR and Trk receptors, and control of trafficking of receptors in the endocytic pathway and during anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.
The nature of symbols, the principles of their research in consciousness, and the peculiarities of the symbolic perception of cadets at Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikotya
Authors: Иванов Роман , Ivanov Roman
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the nature of the symbol, its influence on the perception, thinking and consciousness of man. Relevance of the use of such knowledge in the educational process of cadets of the Moscow University named after V. J. Kikot. In parallel, the properties of the object of study - a symbol for possible further clarification of the basic concept of the symbol and its consideration in the structure of symbolic perception and thinking of man. The subject of the study is the study of the properties of symbols of their compatibility, the search for symbolic correlations. For this purpose the research methodology based on the intersection of several social and psychological classifications, such scientists as G. Spencer, J. G. was outlined. Meade, K. G. Jung. Based on this technique, a pilot psychological test was developed and conducted, the results of which were the basis for some important theoretical interpretations.

The novelty of the study lies in the interpretation of symbol and symbolic thinking (as opposed to the concept and logical thinking) more widely. This system combines the processes of perception, thinking conscious and subconscious processes. As an example, we can speculatively assume that building a chain of monotonous (for some reason, not always having logical connections) symbols can be considered thinking processes different from classical logic. The explanation of the processes of human thinking through the symbolic structure of consciousness can more accurately describe the motives and actions of a person in a particular situation.

The results of this study can be included in seminars on the disciplines of Psychology in the activities of police officers, Socio-psychological training of professional communication, a Workshop on the psychology of communication.
Pigmentocracia: classe, raça e gênero no sistema de bem-estar social sul-africano
Authors: Barbosa Filho Evandro Alves , Vieira Ana Cristina De Souza , Rocha Solange
Published: September 2019

O artigo analisa como as relações sociais de classe, raça e gênero presentes na formação social da África do Sul resultaram na constituição de um sistema de bem-estar social pigmentocrático. O estudo é qualitativo e se fundamenta na teoria da consubstancialidade das relações sociais de classe, raça e gênero produzida pela sociologia crítica sul-africana. Para o levantamento dos corpora foram realizadas revisão de literatura e análise de documentos oficiais. Foram analisados documentos produzidos desde o fim do período colonial até o ano de 1996. O estudo identificou que as relações de segregação engendraram um amplo sistema de bem-estar social orientado à ascensão e proteção social das famílias brancas. Enquanto isso, negros, mestiços e asiáticos se tornaram cada vez mais destituídos de direitos. Mesmo com o fim do apartheid, o sistema de bem-estar social sul-africano continua (re)produzindo a pigmentocracia, a partir das condicionalidades neoliberais que orientaram a transição à democracia. Palavras-Chave: África do Sul; bem-estar social; classe; raça e gênero; consubstancialidade das relações sociais.
Evaluating health performance and inequalities in the Italian region of Marche
Authors: Franci Alberto , Renzi Pietro , Gandy Rob
Published: September 2019

A worldwide selection of models that are used to measure health service performance were appraised. The internationally recognised Health System Performance Assessment tool was chosen for testing in a local health authority in the Marche, Italy. Local, regional, national and international comparisons were also used. A complementary means of measuring health inequality involving the Concentration Index enabled a holistic evaluation of the local health environment. While the approach addressed a comprehensive range of issues, limitations with data availability were found to present genuine constraints that require future action. Nevertheless, valuable lessons were learned for policy makers, with the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and systematic variations in health indicators highlighted. The Health System Performance Assessment tool presents the opportunity for strategic alignment in performance measurement.
Vaccinating outside Section 7a immunisation programmes: who, how and why?
Authors: Bosanquet Nick , Davies Tim , Donovan Helen , Heffernan Catherine , Kassianos George , Kirkham Karen , Lonergan Kerry , Nicholson Ellen
Published: September 2019

On 23 April 2019, the authors of this roundtable discussion met to deliberate the vaccinations that fall outside of the Section 7A immunisation programme. The 3-hour meeting resulted in the production of this article. Funding for vaccinations that fall outside of the Section 7a programme is mired in confusion. Who is responsible for the payments? What are the outliers? What are the loopholes in vaccination commissioning? What are the regional differences? Where can best practice be found? When will these issues be resolved? These questions and more were discussed at length and in great detail. This article explains where these discrepancies lie, analyses specific issues that require clear guidance, and discusses the competing interests of health professionals. This discussion aims to inform the national vaccination review and hopes to shed light on areas that cause GPs and practice nurses confusion during their daily tasks. We all enjoyed the meeting, and its discussion and transformation into a working document. We hope you find this article useful and that it impacts your understanding of vaccinations that fall outside of the Section 7A programme.
Newly qualified health visitor: Resilience in practice
Authors: Boddy Bethany
Published: September 2019

As a new cohort of health visitors qualify, Bethany Boddy reflects on the importance of resilience and the way individuals, teams and organisations can support staff as they develop their skills as practitioners through preceptorship
At a glance: Potty training
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

Children learn to potty train at different ages, although most are dry throughout the day by the age of 4 years. There are a few ways that parents and carers can identify if their child is ready to potty train, and some helpful do's and don’ts to guide them through the process. The most important advice is for parents and carers to be patient with their child while they are learning to potty train.
Desert Society
Authors: Bailey Clinton
Published: September 2019

Dwelling in dispersion and far from any governmental law enforcement agencies that could provide them security, nomadic desert dwellers needed ways to protect themselves from violations such as murder, assault, insult, and theft. They achieved this security mainly by forming groups based on blood kin, or people of common descent, people whom they believed would honor claims of common loyalty and cooperation when problems with others arose. Each group they organized had a specific security function. The tribal structure of the Israelites as randomly noted in the Bible bears several similarities to that of the Bedouin. This chapter explores these similarities as well as their impact on the status and roles of the genders and on the institution of matrimony in both societies.
Desert Oral Traditions
Authors: Bailey Clinton
Published: September 2019

The Bedouin oral literary product—proverbs, genealogies, tribal stories, and poetry—shares many likenesses with these genres as they appear in the Hebrew Bible. This commonality pertains, even though some Bedouin oral traditions survived until the late twentieth century CE, when they were still heard recited, while the biblical traditions existed orally only until their ancient transcription in the Bible. This chapter brings examples from the various genres of oral tradition in both societies, comparing them in form, content, background, and initiative, and offering insights into their use in the biblical texts. Bedouin poetry also sheds light on the Bible’s oldest poems, “The Song of the Sea” and “The Song of Deborah.”
Britain: Labour’s Long Apprenticeship
Authors: Woloch Isser
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses the Labour Party's contribution to the British people at war and the promise they offered for a postwar future. The roots of the Labour Party go back to 1900, when Britain's labor federation, the Trades Union Congress (TUC), sought to increase the political influence of the working class in Parliament. A conference convened by the TUC launched the Labour Representation Committee, which changed its name to the Labour Party in 1906 after it had established a toehold in the House of Commons. In Winston Churchill's coalition, the Prime Minister himself ran the war and personally made important military and diplomatic decisions. The chapter then looks at Labour's wartime presence, focusing on the development of the civil defense and the mobilization of workers. It also considers the Beveridge Report.
Labour’s Moment: The Election of 1945 and After
Authors: Woloch Isser
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on Britain after World War II. The British could take pride in their stubborn endurance over six long years of war, but the toll and the scars ran deep by 1945: over 950,000 wartime casualties, including 357,000 killed; massive bombing destruction of already scarce housing; pervasive shortages and bleak austerities; and an empty treasury. From day one, inexorable postwar economic and financial constraints enveloped the Labour government, apart from its self-inflicted wounds such as the winter coal crisis in 1946–47 and the convertibility fiasco. However, across its five-year term of office, Labour stood by its proclaimed egalitarian values. Labour honored its unprecedented commitment “to raise the living standards of the people as a whole,” and it linked that goal to the imperative of raising the economy's productive capacities. The chapter also looks at the general election of 1945.
The United States: Divided Government, Divided Nation
Authors: Woloch Isser
Published: September 2019

This chapter looks at the challenges faced by progressives in veterans organizations, the labor movement, national politics, and the 1948 presidential election in the U.S. The impact of domestic communism and anti-communism commands a prominent place here. The anti-communist affidavit required of union officials by the Taft–Hartley law of 1947 was an early warning sign of the tidal wave of anti-communism starting to wash over American political culture. No matter how the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) acted, dealing with communist influence in its unions would divide the federation. However, the problem of communism in American public life went far beyond the confines of organized labor. It erupted most visibly in the Hollywood film studios and the broadcasting industry. Conflict within the American Veterans Committee (AVC) makes for an especially illuminating case study. The chapter then considers the fate of Harry Truman's “Fair Deal” program during his second term.
Women and the Suburban Garden
Authors: Bilston Sarah
Published: September 2019

Gardening advice texts evoked women gardeners as active laborers, aesthetically informed designers, participants in the marketplace, and, toward the end of the century, even professional business partners. Reframing women’s relationship to the garden—and to society itself—across the course of Victoria’s reign, such texts do not just imagine feminine power, they hand power over to reading and gardening women. Suburban gardens become, together with the suburban interior, spaces of aesthetic experimentation, apprenticeship, and finally professional practice.
The Missing Piece
Authors: Moss Candida R.
Published: September 2019

The resurrection of the body is a key place to think about who we are and which facets of ourselves are integral to ourselves. The introduction to this book places the resurrection of the body within the context of ancient anxieties about the self: What makes us who we are? It also reviews the history of scholarship on this question and traces the way that ideas about resurrection have been divorced from broader thinking about the self.
Integrity
Authors: Moss Candida R.
Published: September 2019

This chapter uses amputation and Jesus’s instruction to amputate one’s own appendages to discuss the question of bodily integrity as it relates to the resurrection. It examines the evidence for reading the saying literally and asks why modern scholarship refuses to consider the possibility that Jesus is encouraging bodily deformity.
Functionality
Authors: Moss Candida R.
Published: September 2019

This chapter uses Jesus’s statement that people will not procreate in heaven to examine the importance of functioning body parts in the afterlife. It argues that early church interpretation of this passage wrestled with the futility and, thus, potential immorality of nonfunctioning body parts in heaven.
Epilogue
Authors: Vaughn James M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes The Abbé Raynal's A Philosophical and Political History of the Settlements and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, one of the Enlightenment treatises that blazed like a comet across the night sky of the ancient régime. Widely translated and published, twenty official and fifty illegal editions produced between 1770 and 1796. While the Philosophical History was a bestseller throughout the Atlantic world, it was particularly widely discussed and debated in Britain and its empire. The work was the most detailed and critical examination to date of European overseas expansion, and it was avidly read in Britain—where it most famously influenced Adam Smith while he was in the final stages of composing An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.
Divided Loyalties
Authors: Shklar Judith N.
Published: September 2019

This chapter continues the debate about different interpretations of what it means to remain loyal to God, and the conflict such loyalty can establish and sustain between believers’ religious commitments and earthly powers. It looks particularly into the New Testament’s doctrine of obedience, exemplified in the case of Archbishop Becket and his conflict with King Henry II. The chapter ends with a comparison between Becket and Martin Luther King’s inner struggles over rival loyalties.
The Pox and Prostitution
Authors: Gallagher Noelle
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the broad range of connections between venereal disease and prostitution in eighteenth-century literature and visual art. It suggests that this period's imaginative conceptions of the relationship between female sexuality and venereal disease were both more nuanced and more complex than a blanket charge of misogyny allows. If the many sympathetic portraits of infected wives discussed in Chapter 1 constitute a challenge to the scholarly commonplace that women were blamed for the disease, then so too do the many neutral, and even positive, representations of infected prostitutes in this period. While some writers and artists clearly did vilify or ridicule diseased streetwalkers, some sympathized with them or campaigned for them; some celebrated them as examples of social mobility, sexual vigor, or physical resilience.
A Chapter of Noses
Authors: Gallagher Noelle
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers the persistent association between nasal deformity and venereal disease. It argues that this one symptom—and, more broadly, this one body part—came to assume a powerful metonymic significance, standing in for both the disease and the wider social dangers it could represent. Put simply, the deformed nose allowed the boundary between diseased and healthy to run parallel to the boundaries between classes, races, and species—boundaries that seemed to some, much like a syphilitic's nose, in imminent danger of collapse. By comparing the flattened noses of those with venereal disease to the “deformed” noses of animals and certain ethnic groups, Restoration and eighteenth-century writers and artists were able to explore broader cultural anxieties about the biological integrity of the white race and the human species.
Medieval Northern Europe
Authors: Chazan Robert
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers Jewish settlement in northern Europe. Since Jews were newcomers, and since newcomers are regularly resented by the indigenous populace, much of the new reality and new status was decidedly limited and limiting, inferior to the well-established reality and status enjoyed by Jews in their older areas of habitation. The newness of the Jews of the north stimulated innovative configurations of Jewish economic activity, altered popular imagery of Jews, created difficult social relations between the Jews and their non-Jewish neighbors, fostered altered Church stances toward Judaism and Jews, and fashioned new relationships between the political authorities and their Jewish clients.