bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Медиатизация православия — это возможно?
Authors: Островская Елена Александровна
Published: November 2019

Тотальная медиатизация всех сфер современных обществ ставит социологов перед непростой проблемой необходимости ревизии устоявшихся теорий и подходов. Применительно к отечественной и зарубежной социологии религии это означает ревизию все еще используемой по старинке парадигмы секуляризации. Институционально оформившееся медиаизмерение традиционных религий слабо укладывается в жесткие рамки теорий секуляризации, предписывающих трактовать любые инновации религиозной системы как ее обмирщение и выхолащивание. В такой системе координат плохо помещаются медиатизированные миры традиционных религий, опосредующие выходы религий в публичные социальные пространства. Так, совершенно незамеченным остался прецедент 2015 г., когда православный иеромонах Фотий стал победителем развлекательного шоу «Голос» и концертирующим «Голосом России». В равной степени вне социологической рефлексии пребывает и российское православие эпохи web 2.0 — множественные цифровые церковные СМИ, медиахолдинги, сайты Московского патриархата и синодальных отделов, приходов и православных храмов, православная поисковая система, священнические и монашеские профили в социальных сетях Vk.com, Facebook, Instagram, медийное вещание православных подкастов и спутниковых каналов, видеоблоги и документалистика на платформе YouTube. Меж тем, определенным образом соотнесенные офлайн- и онлайн-измерения современного российского православия конструируют новые идентичности, сообщества, модели национального патриотизма, процедуры цензуры и контроля российских медиа- и интернет-пространств. Настоящая статья предлагает проанализировать медиатизацию российского православия как составляющую процесса его долгосрочной реинституционализации. В качестве методологической рамки исследования автор использует концепции медиатизации общества, предложенные Фридрихом Кротцем, Андреасом Хеппом и Ником Коулдри. Это позволяет рассмотреть уже существующие православные медиамиры и кейс иеромонаха Фотия как маркеры определенных этапов реинституционализации российского православия.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, в рамках проекта № 19-011-00871 «Социальные медиа как фактор трансформации православия в современной России».
Evaluation of the primary biliary cholangitis-related serologic profile in a large cohort of Belgian systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: Florin Lisa , Rubben Kaat , Vanhaecke Amber , Devreese Katrien , De Keyser Filip , Smith Vanessa , Bonroy Carolien
Published: November 2019

Background

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune diseases that may occur concomitantly and are both strongly associated with disease-specific autoantibodies. This study investigated the prevalence and fine specificity of PBC-specific serology (PBC-Ab) and associations with the SSc-subtypes and SSc-specific antibodies as well as the association with cholestatic liver enzymes. Furthermore, three different techniques for the detection of PBC-Ab were compared.

Methods

Serum of 184 Belgian SSc patients with a known SSc-antibody profile, was analyzed for PBC-Ab (antimitochondrial antibodies [AMA], anti-Gp210, anti-Sp100 and anti-PML) using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis on human epithelioma-2000 (HEp-2000) cells (ANA-IIF, Immunoconcepts) and liver-kidney-stomach tissue sections (IIF-LKS) (Menarini), and a line immunoblot (LB) (EuroImmun). Alkaline phosphatase/γ-glutamyl transferase (ALP/GGT) were evaluated at time of first sampling (t0) and after 3 years of follow-up (t3).

Results

PBC-Ab were present in 13% of patients and significantly correlated with centromere antibodies (anti-CENP-B), but not correlated with the limited cutaneous SSc subgroup (lcSSc). The most frequent reactivities were AMA (11%, with 9% AMA-M2) and Sp-100 antibodies (5%), showing a major overlap. There was no relevant association between the presence of PBC-Ab and ALP or GGT elevation at t0 nor at t3. Detection of AMA with IIF-LKS is comparable to LB. ANA-IIF screening was less sensitive compared to LB.

Conclusions

A wide range of PBC-Ab is detectable in SSc in the absence of cholestatic liver enzyme elevations, even after 3 years of follow-up. However, as these antibodies may precede PBC-disease up to 10 years further prospective follow-up of our cohort will be necessary.
Biomarkers for prostate cancer: prostate-specific antigen and beyond
Authors: Duffy Michael J.
Published: November 2019

In recent years, several new biomarkers supplementing the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have become available for men with prostate cancer. Although widely used in an ad hoc manner, the role of PSA in screening asymptomatic men for prostate cancer is controversial. Several expert panels, however, have recently recommended limited PSA screening following informed consent in average-risk men, aged 55–69 years. As a screening test for prostate cancer however, PSA has limited specificity and leads to overdiagnosis which in turn results in overtreatment. To increase specificity and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, biomarkers such as percent free PSA, prostate health index (PHI) or the 4K score may be used, while Progensa PCA3 may be measured to reduce the number of repeat biopsies in men with a previously negative biopsy. In addition to its role in screening, PSA is also widely used in the management of patients with diagnosed prostate cancer such as in surveillance following diagnosis, monitoring response to therapy and in combination with both clinical and histological criteria in risk stratification for recurrence. For determining aggressiveness and predicting outcome, especially in low- or intermediate-risk men, tissue-based multigene tests such as Decipher, Oncotype DX (Prostate), Prolaris and ProMark, may be used. Emerging therapy predictive biomarkers include AR-V7 for predicting lack of response to specific anti-androgens (enzalutamide, abiraterone), BRAC1/2 mutations for predicting benefit from PARP inhibitor and PORTOS for predicting benefit from radiotherapy. With the increased availability of multiple biomarkers, personalised treatment for men with prostate cancer is finally on the horizon.
Development and validation of LC-MS/MS methods to measure tobramycin and lincomycin in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic research study
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Dhanani Jayesh , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A. , Wallis Steve C. , Parker Suzanne L.
Published: November 2019

Background

The aim of our work was to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS) methods for the quantification of tobramycin (TMC) and lincomycin (LMC)in plasma, microdialysis fluid and urine.

Methods

Protein precipitation was used to extract TMC and LMC from plasma, while microdialysis fluid and urine sample were diluted prior to instrumental analysis. Mobile phase A consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 10% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v) and mobile phase B consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate in 90% acetonitrile with 0.2% formic acid (v/v). Gradient separation (80%–10% of mobile phase B) for TMC was done using a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical guard column. While separation of LMC was performed using gradient elution (100%–40% of mobile phase B) on a SeQuant zic-HILIC analytical column equipped with a SeQuant zic-HILIC guard column. Vancomycin (VCM) was used as an internal standard. A quadratic calibration was obtained over the concentration range for plasma of 0.1–20 mg/L for TMC and 0.05–20 mg/L for LMC, for microdialysis fluid of 0.1–20 mg/L for both TMC and LMC, and 1–100 mg/L for urine for both TMC and LMC.

Results

For TMS and LMC, validation testing for matrix effects, precision and accuracy, specificity and stability were all within acceptance criteria of ±15%.

Conclusions

The methods described here meet validation acceptance criteria and were suitable for application in a pilot pharmacokinetic research study performed in a sheep model.
Dependence measure for length-biased survival data using copulas
Authors: Bentoumi Rachid , Mesfioui Mhamed , Alvo Mayer
Published: November 2019

The linear correlation coefficient of Bravais-Pearson is considered a powerful indicator when the dependency relationship is linear and the error variate is normally distributed. Unfortunately in finance and in survival analysis the dependency relationship may not be linear. In such case, the use of rank-based measures of dependence, like Kendall’s tau or Spearman rho are recommended. In this direction, under length-biased sampling, measures of the degree of dependence between the survival time and the covariates appear to have not received much intention in the literature. Our goal in this paper, is to provide an alternative indicator of dependence measure, based on the concept of information gain, using the parametric copulas. In particular, the extension of the Kent’s [18] dependence measure to length-biased survival data is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations studies.
Retellings of tradition. Little Red Riding Hood and the voice of the wolf
Authors: Nadales María Rosal
Published: November 2019

Das Märchen von Rotkäppchen wurde von der mündlichen zur geschriebenen Tradition in vielen verschiedenen Versionen überliefert. Die Aufnahme der Werke von Perrault und der Gebrüder Grimm hat in unterschiedlichen Kulturen zu voneinander abweichenden sowie ungewöhnlichen Texten geführt. Dieser Artikel bezieht sich auf die Darlegungen und Vergleiche bedeutender Werke, weil sie neue Konzepte des Protagonisten entwerfen. Der Wolf und Rotkäppchen werden mit noch nie da gewesenen Bildern konfrontiert, die nicht nur neu, sondern auch eindeutig subversiv sind. Die Stimme des Erzählers wird hier in polyphone Diskurse unterteilt, in der der Wolf seine Version in der ersten Person wiedergibt. Anschließend befasst sich diese Studie mit neuen Verbildlichungen Rotkäppchens in verschiedenen Genres von Literatur bis hin zur Werbung.
L’espace et le fantastique dans les voyages de Sindbad le marin
Authors: Radi Mohamed
Published: November 2019

Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, den Raum und das Fantastische in den ersten drei Reisen von Sindbad, dem Seefahrer aus den Märchen von Tausendundeine Nacht, zu erforschen. Die Geschichte des Seefahrers Sindbad dient als symbolischer Ausgangspunkt für unsere Betrachtung, in welcher der Raum als Quelle für das Seltsame und das Wunderbare gilt. Diese Märchen stellen Geschichten dar, in denen die Figur im Mittelpunkt des Raumes steht, so dass der Raum zu einer Quelle des Übernatürlichen wird. In den Reisen des Seefahrers bleibt der Raum nicht immer hinter dem Geschehen zurück. Ganz im Gegenteil dazu kann er zur Quelle für Ungewöhnliches oder Übernatürliches werden oder sich sogar in eine Bestie verwandeln und so die Dynamik der fantastischen Geschichte vorantreiben.
“Completing a meeting”
Authors: Völk Malte
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag identifiziert, vergleicht und analysiert zwei narrative Strategien, die im Zusammenhang mit demenziellen Symptomen in fiktionalen Werken und in alltäglichen, nicht-fiktionalen schriftlichen Quellen gleichermaßen vorkommen. Dabei handelt es sich zum einen um das Phänomen einer Neubetrachtung und illusionären Komplettierung von Biographien, zum anderen um ein von nahestehenden Menschen erzähltes Aufblühen der von Demenz betroffenen Personen. In Anlehnung an ein narrativ geprägtes Verständnis von Biographie wird in diesem Beitrag ein weiter gedanklicher Rahmen eröffnet, der die Bedeutung des Erzählens – auch im ästhetischen Sinn – für den Umgang mit Demenz umspannt.
„Mietenwahnsinn stoppen!“
Authors: Rink Dieter , Vollmer Lisa
Published: November 2019

Die Wohnungsfrage ist in Deutschland zurück auf der politischen Agenda, ihre gestiegene Bedeutung und Politisierung zeigt sich auch in der Zunahme von Protesten. Mietenpolitische Proteste sind in den letzten Jahren zahlreicher geworden und haben deutlich an Zulauf gewonnen. Es lassen sich lokale und bundesweite Zyklen beobachten, die sich zum Teil miteinander verschränken. Mit mietenpolitischen Gruppen, Initiativen und Netzwerken sind klassische Bewegungs- und Mobilisierungsnetzwerke entstanden. Bei der bundesweiten Mobilisierung Anfang April 2019 handelte es sich um die bislang größte seit der deutschen Vereinigung. Die verstärkten bundesweiten Vernetzungsaktivitäten von immer breiter aufgestellten Akteuren deuten auf eine sich weiter steigernde Dynamik der mietenpolitischen Bewegung in Deutschland hin, die das Thema Wohnungspolitik auf die Agenda gesetzt und den politischen Druck erhöht hat. Die aktuellen Tendenzen hin zu einer sozialeren Wohnungspolitik in manchen Städten können als Reaktionen darauf bewertet werden.
Thermodynamic Modeling of the Competition Between Cancer and Normal Cells
Authors: Sadeghi Ghuchani Mostafa
Published: November 2019

One of the recognized differences between normal and cancer cells is in their metabolic profile. Tumor cells tend to produce energy through glycolysis rather than the much more efficient oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which healthy cells generally prefer. This phenomenon is identified as the Warburg effect. Although several functional explanations have been proposed for the Warburg effect, the competitive advantage of it is still subject of debate. Here we present a thermodynamic model to simulate the competition of cancer and normal cells in terms of bioenergetics. Our model shows that the Warburg effect has an advantage because the entropy production rate is increased and metabolic efficiency is decreased for cancer cells. Although inefficiency is generally considered a competitive disadvantage for living organisms, the thermodynamic model shows that it is not always the case. Indeed, when the energy resources are abundant and the system has a limited ability to export entropy, the organism with a higher rate of entropy production will have a higher chance of survival despite its lower metabolic efficiency. This thermodynamic model predicts that as long as there are enough nutrients in circulating blood, there are two thermodynamic strategies to control cancer cell populations, i. e., (i) decreasing the entropy production rate of cancer cells and (ii) increasing normal cells’ entropy production rate.
Parameter control and concentration analysis of graphene colloids prepared by electric spark discharge method
Authors: Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Ku Hsueh-Chien , Tien Der-Chi , Stobinski Leszek
Published: November 2019

In this study, graphene colloids were prepared using the electric spark discharge method (ESDM) with graphite rods (99.9% purity) in deionized water (DW) at a normal temperature and pressure. Five different types of graphene colloids were prepared using an electrical discharge machine (EDM) with five different pulse cycle switching times (Ton:Toff) = 10:10, 30:30, 50:50, 70:70, and 90:90 μs. According to the Ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis) and Zetasizer analysis, the results showed that the 10:10 μs parameter was the most suitable for the preparation of graphene colloids. UV-Vis was also used to detect the concentration of the graphene colloids; a comparison with a graphene oxide (GO) confirmed that this method could be used to calculate the discharge time needed to produce graphene colloids with different concentrations in the ESDM process.
Graph-Based Metamodeling for Characterizing Cold Metal Transfer Process Performance
Authors: Nagarajan Hari P. N. , Panicker Suraj , Mokhtarian Hossein , Remy-Lorit Théo , Coatanéa Eric , Prod’hon Romaric , Jafarian Hesam , Haapala Karl R. , Chakraborti Ananda
Published: November 2019

Achieving predictable, reliable, and cost-effective operations in wire and arc additive manufacturing is a key concern during production of complex-shaped functional metallic components for demanding applications, such as those found in aerospace and automotive industries. A metamodel combining localized submodels of the different physical phenomena during welding can ensure stable material deposition. Such a metamodel would necessarily combine submodels from multiple domains, such as materials science, thermomechanical engineering, and process planning, and it would provide a holistic systems perspective of the modeled process. An approach using causal graph-based modeling and Bayesian networks is proposed to develop a metamodel for a test case using wire and arc additive manufacturing with cold metal transfer. The developed modeling approach is used to characterize the effect of manufacturing variables on product dimensional quality in the form of a causal graph. A quantitative simulation using Bayesian networks is applied to the causal graph to enable process parameter tuning. The Bayesian network inference mechanism predicts the effects of the parameters on results, whereas, conversely, with known targets, it can predict the required parameter values. Validation of the developed Bayesian network model is performed using experimental tests.
A Standard Test Method for Evaluating Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance Capabilities of AGVs and AMRs
Authors: Norton Adam , Gavriel Peter , Yanco Holly
Published: November 2019

Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) are now ubiquitous in industrial manufacturing environments. These systems all must possess a similar set of core capabilities, including navigation, obstacle avoidance, and localization. However, there are few standard methods to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of these systems in a way that is comparable. In this article, a standard test method is presented that can be used to evaluate these capabilities and can be easily scaled and augmented according to the characteristics of the system under test. The test method can be configured in a variety of ways to exercise different capabilities, all using a common test apparatus to ease test setup and increase versatility. For each test configuration, conditions are specified with respect to the a priori knowledge provided to the system (e.g., boundary or obstacle locations) and the obstacles in the environment. Robustness of system capabilities is evaluated by purposefully introducing misalignment between the characteristics of the physical and virtual environments (e.g., providing representations of obstacles in the system’s map when they are not physically present). Example test performance data from an AMR are provided. The goal of this work is to provide a common method to characterize the performance of mobile systems in industrial environments that is easily comparable and communicated for both commercial and developmental purposes. This work is driven by existing standards and those in development by the ASTM F45 Committee on Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles and will influence the development of new standards within the committee.
Habitat de cinco espécies de peixes nativos do rio Formoso, Minas Gerais
Authors: Guedes Hugo Alexandre Soares , Silva Demetrius , Dergam Jorge , Martins Vitor
Published: November 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a relação entre o uso do habitat e as variáveis velocidade, profundidade e substrato, para cinco espécies de peixes nativos, em dois trechos no rio Formoso, Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas quatro coletas de dados em dois trechos de rio, sendo identificados como dominantes dois Characiformes (Astyanax bimaculatus e Leporinus steindachneri), dois Siluriformes (Trachelyopterus striatulus e Hypostomus affinis) e um Perciformes (Geophagus brasiliensis). Os usos dos habitats para cada espécie dominante foram caracterizados utilizando-se as variáveis velocidade da água, profundidade do escoamento e tipo de substrato. As espécies de menor porte apresentaram exemplares mais presentes no trecho 2, de escoamento lento e mais degradado. Já as espécies de médio a grande porte apresentaram mais indivíduos no trecho 1, de escoamento rápido e mais preservado. Os índices de uso de habitat e as curvas de frequência obtidos neste estudo são fundamentais para subsidiar os estudos de modelagem e determinação de vazões ecológicas no rio Formoso, sendo ferramenta útil na tomada de decisão de órgãos ambientais.
Caracterização de biomassa visando a produção de etanol de segunda geração
Authors: Azevedo Vitória , Fernanda Lemons e Silva Cláudia , Lemões Juliana Silva , Faria Sabrina Peres
Published: November 2019

Devemos conhecer detalhadamente a biomassa a ser utilizada em um processo, pois são essas características que irão fornecer informações para determinar o método a ser utilizado. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou a caracterização das biomassas de arundo, palha e casca de arroz quanto ao teor de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina antes e após o pré-tratamento. A caracterização foi feita de acordo com a metodologia descrita por Dunning e Dallas (1949) e os cálculos a partir das equações descritas por Sluiter et al. (2005). Os valores encontrados para as biomassas in natura foram, arundo 32,3% celulose, 41,5% hemicelulose e 20,9% lignina, para casca de arroz 30,4, 31,2 e 21,2% e palha de arroz 36,9, 36,8 e 13,3% respectivamente. Já para as biomassas pré-tratadas, os teores encontrados de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina foram arundo 69,5, 15,5 e 10,2%, casca de arroz 62,4, 22,7 e 14,8% e palha de arroz 78,4, 16,1 e 5,3% respectivamente. Para as biomassas pré-tratadas a fração de celulose aumentou em relação as biomassas in natura e a de hemicelulose e lignina diminuíram. Isto indica uma grande solubilização da fração hemicelulósica e de lignina, o que é desejável, já que neste estudo o objetivo é a produção de etanol de segunda geração através da fração celulósica.
Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neural Circuit Formation in a Cuprizone-Induced Multiple Sclerosis Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Hai , Kim Yeonghwan , Ro Eun Jeoung , Ho Cindy , Lee Daehoon , Trapp Bruce D. , Suh Hoonkyo
Published: November 2019

Cognitive impairments are key features in multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive disorder characterized by neuroinflammation-induced demyelination in the central nervous system. To understand the neural substrates that link demyelination to cognitive deficits in MS, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons, which play an essential role in cognitive function. The administration and withdrawal of the combination of cuprizone and rapamycin (Cup/Rap) in C57BL/6J male mice efficiently demyelinated and remyelinated the hippocampus, respectively. In the demyelinated hippocampus, neurogenesis was nearly absent in the dentate gyrus, which was due to inhibited proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Specifically, radial glia-like type 1 NSCs were shifted from a proliferative state to a mitotically-quiescent state in the demyelinated hippocampus. In addition, dendritic spine densities of adult-born neurons were significantly decreased, indicating a reduction in synaptic connections between hippocampal newborn neurons and excitatory input neurons. Concomitant with hippocampal remyelination induced by withdrawal of Cup/Rap, proliferation of type 1 NSCs and dendritic spine densities of adult-born neurons reverted to normal in the hippocampus. Our study shows that proliferation of hippocampal NSCs and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons are inversely correlated with the level of demyelination, providing critical insight into hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to treat cognitive deficits associated with MS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo identify the neural substrates that mediate cognitive dysfunctions associated with a majority of MS patients, we investigated hippocampal neurogenesis and structural development of adult-born neurons using a Cup/Rap model, which recapitulates the hippocampal demyelination that occurs in MS patients. A shift of NSCs from a proliferatively-active state to mitotically-quiescent state dramatically decreased neurogenesis in the demyelinated hippocampus. Formation of dendritic spines on newborn neurons was also impaired following demyelination. Interestingly, the altered neurogenesis and synaptic connectivity of newborn neurons were reversed to normal levels during remyelination. Thus, our study revealed reversible genesis and synaptic connectivity of adult-born neurons between the demyelinated and remyelinated hippocampus, suggesting hippocampal neurogenesis as a potential target to normalize cognitive impairments in MS patients.
Dynamic Axis-Tuned Cells in the Monkey Lateral Prefrontal Cortex during a Path-Planning Task
Authors: Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Saito Naohiro , Yoshida Shun , Mushiake Hajime
Published: November 2019

The lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) plays a crucial role in the cognitive processes known as executive functions, which are necessary for the planning of goal-directed behavior in complex and constantly changing environments. To adapt to such environments, the lPFC must use its neuronal resources in a flexible manner. To investigate the mechanism by which lPFC neurons code directional information flexibly, the present study explored the tuning properties and time development of lPFC neurons in male Japanese monkeys during a path-planning task, which required them to move a cursor to a final goal in a stepwise manner within a checkerboard-like maze. We identified “axis-tuned” cells that preferred two opposing directions of immediate goals (i.e., vertical and horizontal directions). Among them, a considerable number of these axis-tuned cells dynamically transformed from vector tuning to a single final-goal direction. We also found that the activities of axis-tuned cells, especially pyramidal neurons, were also modulated by the abstract sequence patterns that the animals were to execute. These findings suggest that the axis-tuned cells change what they code (the type of behavioral goal) as well as how they code (their tuning shapes) so that the lPFC can represent a large number of possible actions or sequences with limited neuronal resources. The dynamic axis-tuned cells must reflect the flexible coding of behaviorally relevant information at the single neuron level by the lPFC to adapt to uncertain environments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral PFC (lPFC) plays a crucial role in the planning of goal-directed behavior in uncertain environments. To adapt to such situations, the lPFC must flexibly encode behaviorally relevant information. Here, we investigated the goal-tuning properties of neuronal firing in the monkey lPFC during a path-planning task. We identified axis-tuned cells that preferred “up-down” or “left-right” immediate goals, and found that many were dynamically transformed from vector tuning to a final-goal direction. The activities of neurons, especially pyramidal neurons, were also modulated by the abstract sequence patterns. Our findings suggest that PFC neurons can alter not only what they code (behavioral goal) but also how they code (tuning shape) when coping with unpredictable environments with limited neuronal resources.
Temporal Coding of Single Auditory Nerve Fibers Is Not Degraded in Aging Gerbils
Authors: Heeringa Amarins N. , Zhang Lichun , Ashida Go , Beutelmann Rainer , Steenken Friederike , Köppl Christine
Published: November 2019

People suffering from age-related hearing loss typically present with deficits in temporal processing tasks. Temporal processing deficits have also been shown in single-unit studies at the level of the auditory brainstem, midbrain, and cortex of aged animals. In this study, we explored whether temporal coding is already affected at the level of the input to the central auditory system. Single-unit auditory nerve fiber recordings were obtained from 41 Mongolian gerbils of either sex, divided between young, middle-aged, and old gerbils. Temporal coding quality was evaluated as vector strength in response to tones at best frequency, and by constructing shuffled and cross-stimulus autocorrelograms, and reverse correlations, from responses to 1 s noise bursts at 10–30 dB sensation level (dB above threshold). At comparable sensation levels, all measures showed that temporal coding was not altered in auditory nerve fibers of aging gerbils. Furthermore, both temporal fine structure and envelope coding remained unaffected. However, spontaneous rates were decreased in aging gerbils. Importantly, despite elevated pure tone thresholds, the frequency tuning of auditory nerve fibers was not affected. These results suggest that age-related temporal coding deficits arise more centrally, possibly due to a loss of auditory nerve fibers (or their peripheral synapses) but not due to qualitative changes in the responses of remaining auditory nerve fibers. The reduced spontaneous rate and elevated thresholds, but normal frequency tuning, of aged auditory nerve fibers can be explained by the well known reduction of endocochlear potential due to strial dysfunction in aged gerbils.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAs our society ages, age-related hearing deficits become ever more prevalent. Apart from decreased hearing sensitivity, elderly people often suffer from a reduced ability to communicate in daily settings, which is thought to be caused by known age-related deficits in auditory temporal processing. The current study demonstrated, using several different stimuli and analysis techniques, that these putative temporal processing deficits are not apparent in responses of single-unit auditory nerve fibers of quiet-aged gerbils. This suggests that age-related temporal processing deficits may develop more central to the auditory nerve, possibly due to a reduced population of active auditory nerve fibers, which will be of importance for the development of treatments for age-related hearing disorders.
MODİFİYE ATMOSFER (MA) PAKETLENMİŞ KIRLANGIÇ (Chelidonichthys lucerna Linnaeus, 1758) SOTENİN KALİTE ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ÇORAPCI Bengunur , KOCATEPE Demet
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmada modifiye atmosfer (MA) paketlenmiş
kırlangıç sotenin besin kompozisyonu, fiziksel, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik
özellikleri ve raf ömrü araştırılmıştır. Sotenin protein, yağ, nem, kül,
karbonhidrat ve enerji değerleri sırasıyla; 12.14 g/100g, 7.62 g/100g, %71.55,
%2.56, %6.13 ve 141.63 kcal/100 g olarak bulunmuştur. pH değeri depolama başı
(0.gün)  6.28, depolama sonu (20. gün)
7.36 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Su aktivitesi değerleri 20 günlük depolama
boyunca 0.95 olarak ölçülmüştür (P>0.05). TBARS ve TVB-N değerleri 20 günlük
depolama boyunca su ürünlerinde sınır değer olarak kabul edilen
tüketilebilirlik değerlerini aşmamıştır. L*, a* ve b*
değerleri 20. gün sırasıyla; 67.62, 5.00, 25.31 olarak ölçülmüştür.

Sonuç olarak; 150°C’de, toplamda 20 dk. süre ile
pişirilen, % 60 CO2/ % 40 O2 oranlarında MA ile
paketlenen ve  +4±1°C’de 20 gün
depolamaya alınan kılçıksız kırlangıç balığı sotesinin tüketici için tavsiye
edilebilir raf ömrü, spesifik bozulma bakterilerinin artışı göz önünde
tutularak 16 gün olarak belirlenmiştir.
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON OLIVE AND OLIVE OIL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: YORULMAZ Aslı , ERİNÇ Hakan , TATLI Abidin , TEKİN Aziz
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to identify the changes in olive and corresponding
olive oil characteristics in response to irrigation. Five olive cultivars
(Halhalı, Sarı ulak, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık and Karamani) from Turkish
origin were harvested from their own traditional growing region (Mardin,
Mersin, Gaziantep, Kilis and Hatay respectively) from  both irrigated and non-irrigated trees
(rain-fed) for two consecutive crop years. Olives were processed to oil with a
laboratory scale system. Olive fruits were analyzed for their physico-chemical
properties and phenolic composition and olive oils were analysed for fatty
acid, triacylglycerol and sterol composition. Results have shown that average
weight, flesh/pit ratio of olives were lower and dry matter and oil content
were higher in rain-fed trees than irrigated ones. Phenolic content and
composition of fruits were cultivar dependent and responded differently to
water supplement. Fatty acid composition of olive oils mainly remained
unchanged, however the concentration of individual triacylglycerols behaved in
distinct ways. Total sterol and β-sitosterol contents increased and decreased
for various cultivars whereas Δ-5-avenasterol increased in all cases. Sarı ulak
variety was well separated from other varieties by principal component and
hierarchical cluster analysis both in rain-fed and irrigated treatments.
The Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS): Solving the Social Content Problem in Affective Visual Stimulus Sets
Authors: Weierich Mariann R. , Kleshchova Olena , Rieder Jenna K. , Reilly Danielle M.
Published: November 2019

Social information, including faces and human bodies, holds special status in visual perception generally, and in visual processing of complex arrays such as real-world scenes specifically. To date, unbalanced representation of social compared with nonsocial information in affective stimulus sets has limited the clear determination of effects as attributable to, or independent of, social content. We present the Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS), a set of 150 social and 150 nonsocial naturalistic affective scenes that are balanced across valence and arousal dimensions. Participants (n = 847) rated valence and arousal for each scene. The normative ratings for the 300 images together, and separately by social content, show the canonical boomerang shape that confirms coverage of much of the affective circumplex. COMPASS adds uniquely to existing visual stimulus sets by balancing social content across affect dimensions, thereby eliminating a potentially major confound across affect categories (i.e., combinations of valence and arousal). The robust special status of social information persisted even after balancing of affect categories and was observed in slower rating response times for social versus nonsocial stimuli. The COMPASS images also match the complexity of real-world environments by incorporating stimulus competition within each scene. Together, these attributes facilitate the use of the stimulus set in particular for disambiguating the effects of affect and social content for a range of research questions and populations.
Staring into the Abyss of Time
Authors: O’Rourke Stephanie
Published: November 2019

This essay examines the role of geological time in the work of the German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich in the early nineteenth century. It foregrounds the challenges this model of time posed for the relationship between the human and the natural—a relationship usually considered central to Friedrich’s work—and for the perceptual powers of the viewing subject.
Actual causes of death in thyroid cancer patients in Korea: A Nationwide Case Control Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Kyeong Jin , Jang Sujung , Kim Kyoung Jin , An Jee Hyun , Kim Nam Hoon , Shin Dong Yeob , Yoo Hye Jin , Kim Hee Young , Seo Ji A , Kim Nan Hee , Lee Juneyoung , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Kim Sin Gon
Published: November 2019

Objective

Thyroid cancer (TC) incidence has increased robustly in Korea. However, the actual cause of death, overall mortality risk, and cause-specific mortality risk in TC patients have not been clearly elucidated.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We analyzed 4082 TC patients from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS, 2002–2013) with a median of 48-month follow-up. We compared these patients with 12 246 controls matched for age, sex, and histories of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) to investigate the cause of death and risks of overall and cause-specific mortality.

Results

Overall, 61 deaths (1.5%) occurred in the TC group. The most common cause of death was TC-specific mortality (32.8%), followed by other malignancy-related mortality (31.1%) and CVD mortality (13.1%). The overall mortality risk was comparable between the TC and control groups (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–1.58); the adjusted HR remained at 1.25 (95% CI: 0.90–1.74) after multivariate adjustment for body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), smoking, alcohol consumption, and histories of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In addition, there was not enough evidence against the surmise that the CVD mortality risk was similar between the TC and control groups, with an HR of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.22–1.16) after adjustment for CVD risk factors.

Conclusions

Excellent overall survival was observed in TC patients. The most common cause of death was TC-specific mortality, suggesting the importance of thyroid cancer treatment. The overall and cause-specific mortality risks, particularly CVD mortality risk, did not differ between TC patients and the general population.
Specifications of formation and usage of labor resources of the agrarian sphere of region
Authors: Kudlay Vira
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the features of formation and usage of labor resources of agrarian sphere of region. Are substantiated the recommendations on improving the efficiency of usage of labor potential in the agrarian sphere of region.
Osteopetrosis. Presentación de dos casos [Non-surgical management of osteopetrosis: two case reports an review of the literature]
Authors: Caruso Juan Carlos , Patiño Juan Martín
Published: November 2019

Las osteopetrosis (enfermedad de Albers-Schönberg) es un síndrome con cuatro tipos clásicos e instituye una displasia ósea secundaria a la falta de resorción de hueso por anormalidad de los osteoclastos, lo cual provoca un tejido óseo duro y quebradizo,propenso a fracturas difíciles de tratar quirúrgicamente. Se han publicado escasos artículos sobre el tema; por este motivo, decidimos presentar a dos pacientes con fracturas diafisarias de húmero con osteopetrosis, ambas tratadas en forma incruenta.Los objetivos son comunicar nuestra experiencia y el método de tratamiento de dicha afección y realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca del tema. Creemos que el tratamiento de elección para las fracturas diafisarias de húmero en pacientes con osteopetrosises el incruento, ya que su tipo de tejido óseo dificulta la implementación de cualquier osteosíntesis. Además, la colocación de implantes puede provocar algunas complicaciones, como infecciones, retraso de la consolidación y seudoartrosis. La cirugía se reserva para ciertos casos, como en pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar deformidades incapacitantes, aquellos que han sufrido fracturas repetidas, con retraso de la consolidación, seudoartrosis, quienes no responden al tratamiento incruento o con unadeformidad previa.AbstractOsteopetrosis (also known as Albers-Schönberg disease) is a syndrome that includes four classic types and is characterized by bone dysplasia and lack of bone resorption due to abnormal osteoclastic activity and consequent development of brittle and hard bone that is prone to fractures that are difficult to treat surgically. Herein we present two cases of osteopetrosis with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, both managed with non-surgical treatment. The objectives of our manuscript are to document our experience in the management of these cases and review the literature. The non-invasive treatment provides the best outcome for dyaphyseal fractures on the humerus in patients with osteopetrosis, given that the quality of the bone in these patients impairs the implementation of osteosynthesis. In addition, the placement of implants can lead to complications such as infections, delayed consolidation and pseudoarthrosis, among others. Surgical treatment should reserved for certain patients such as those with delayed consolidation, pseudoarthrosis, a history of repeated fractures, pre-existing deformity and those who are at risk for the development of disabling deformities or do not respond to non-surgical treatment.
Doble compresión del nervio mediano en el brazo. Revisión crítica de la bibliografía. [Double compression syndrome of the median nerve in the arm]
Authors: Rellán Ignacio , Bendersky Mariana , Zaidenberg Ezequiel Ernesto , Donndorff Agustín Guillermo , Gallucci Gerardo Luis , De Carli Pablo , Boretto Jorge Guillermo
Published: November 2019

La compresión mecánica de un nervio periférico en dos sitios diferentes a lo largo de su trayecto se define como síndrome de doble compresión. Esta enfermedad se basa en la  teoría de la mayor susceptibilidad que tendría un nervio a nivel distal cuando este también se encuentra comprimido, en forma asintomática, a nivel proximal, debido a una alteración en el flujo axonal. Si bien la descompresión del túnel carpiano es una cirugía con resultados previsibles, hay pacientes operados por síndrome de túnel carpiano que no mejoran después de una cirugía, como cabría esperar. Si se excluye de este análisis a las comorbilidades, como diabetes, casos avanzados con atrofia muscular o descompresiones insuficientes, muchos de estos fracasos terapéuticos podrían estar fundamentados por el escaso diagnóstico de un segundo sitio de compresión concomitante. No obstante, existe gran controversia alrededor del síndrome de doble compresión que involucran no solo a su existencia, sino también a su incidencia y fisiopatología. El objetivo de esta publicación es presentar una revisión bibliográfica crítica del síndrome de doble compresión centrada en el compromiso del nervio mediano tanto en la muñeca como en el codo. AbstractThe mechanical compression of a peripheral nerve at two different sites is defined as double compression syndrome. This concept is based on the theory of the higher susceptibility that a nerve would present at a distal level when it is also compressed asymptomatically at a more proximal site. While carpal tunnel release is a surgery with predictable results, there are patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression who do not have the expected improvement after surgery. Excluding from this analysis comorbidities such as diabetes, advanced cases with thenar atrophy, or incomplete decompressions, many of these therapeutic failures could be explained on the sub diagnosis of a second concomitant compression site. Despite this, there exists a big controversy around the double compression syndrome involving not only its existence but also its incidence and pathophysiology. Our objective is to perform a critical literature review of the double compression syndrome focused on the entrapment of the median nerve in the wrist and elbow.
Wind farms in Poland – legal and location conditions. The case of Margonin wind farm
Authors: Gawrońska Grażyna , Gawroński Krzysztof , Król Karol , Gajecka Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

The aim of the present work is to analyse the legal, organizational and location conditions of the wind farm in the Margonin municipality. The Margonin wind farm is the largest environmental investment project in Poland. Wind power plants have been located in two areas, covering an area of over 50 km2 each. The planning procedure was launched in 2007, and the first windmills started their operation in 2009. The investment project implementation procedure was conducted in accordance with the law that was in force at the time. The body conducting the administrative proceedings provided public participation in the process, and the comments submitted by the residents were fully taken into account. In addition, the investor, previously required to carry out the acoustic analysis of the investment project, has silenced some of the station on the basis of the results. Distances from buildings, as well as sites of nature conservation have been preserved. The launch of the largest wind farm in Poland contributed to the improvement of the material situation of the inhabitants of the Margonin municipality as well as the overall functioning of that municipality. Currently, the investor is still actively involved in maintaining the appropriate condition of technical infrastructure.
Impact of raster compression on the performance of a map application
Authors: Król Karol , Bitner Agnieszka
Published: November 2019

Raster publications provide one alternative to database-based technologies, and despite their limitations, they may be used in the presentation of data having spatial reference. Image browser performance can have a particular impact on the comfort of its use. The aim of the present work is to analyse the relationships between the degree of raster compression and the performance of the map application. The research was carried out in an informal manner, under conditions of typical use, in the form of ad-hoc tests. The measurement was performed using three applications that automate tests: (1) Cloudinary Website Speed Test Image Analysis Tool, (2) GTmetrix, and (3) Dareboost. It has been shown that in applications based on raster maps, which are of an illustrative, temporary and at the same time ad-hoc nature (ad-hoc maps), maintaining high quality images at the expense of application performance is not justified.
An interactive map of the main bus station in Lublin – travel information system based on geospatial data sources
Authors: Mazur Klaudia , Maciąg Michał , Pochwatka Patrycja
Published: November 2019

The work aimed to create and share for public use an Interactive Map of the Main Bus Station in Lublin, using the base map as a primary data source. This solution may be an alternative to the most popular way of basing on the Google Maps or OpenStreetMap data. The final visualization was prepared by connecting digital geospatial data processing methods with land surveying techniques. The map was designed as an information system for travellers and other people moving through the bus station facility. The intended ‘interactivity’ includes the ability to display proper information about selected objects and choosing preferred viewing parameters, such as the scale or the type of base layer. The final product is an Internet application, created and published using the ArcGIS Online service, in contrast with the majority of similar applications, which are typically developed using Google Maps tools.
Geographies of Religion as Theological Ontologies
Authors: Tse Justin
Published: November 2019

Geographers of religion have seldom engaged with religious studies, and the reverse is true as well. While some blame geographers for their insularity and incoherence, my central argument is that the focus of geographers on ontological questions has led geographies of religion to wax more theologically, producing an obstacle to dialogue with religious studies. The suggestion for rapprochement requires religious studies scholars to be interested in ontological questions that do not foreclose the constitution of material space, ultimately requiring a reconciliation with theology.
On Theology in the Academy
Authors: Blum Jason
Published: November 2019

Recently, theology has garnered renewed attention in the academy. For various reasons, both theologians and some religious studies scholars have argued that theology deserves to be brought into greater dialogue with other disciplines, and some have even argued that theology ought to be taught in the public university. There are interesting arguments to be made that theology is more similar to other disciplines than might initially be supposed, and even that it is at the cutting edge of certain recent developments in scholarship more broadly. There are also, however, noteworthy barriers to incorporating theology more fully into the academy, and these may present significant challenges to inter-disciplinary dialogue and the possibility of productive exchange between theology and other areas of research.
What’s Old Is New Again, But Still Pretty Old
Authors: Prentiss Craig
Published: November 2019

Editor’s Note: The following article was written as a contribution to a larger set of papers engaging Russell McCutcheon’s fascinating and important observation of a “post-theoretical shift” in the study of religion. That thematic set of papers did not come together. However, we wanted to publish this wonderful theoretical reflection by Craig Prentiss with the hope that it will contribute to an ongoing discussion in the field and we are appreciative that he agreed to publish this article as a stand-alone piece.