bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptomatic Lumbar Hypertrophy of Flavum Ligament Associated with Neurogenic Claudication
Authors: Tjokorda G.B. Mahadewa
Published: March 2019

To investigate clinical improvements and histologic studies of patients with symptomatic lumbar hypertrophic of flavum ligament (HFL) associated with neurogenic claudication. There were 32 subjects (18 males and 14 females) included in the study with the mean age of 46 years old (range 32 to 64). Patients functionality is measured by Neurogenic Claudication Outcome Score (NCOS). All patients were treated previously in a rehabilitation unit for four weeks and indicated for surgery due to neurogenic claudication (excluding those without neurological deficit). Imaging modalities were taken preoperatively (plain spine x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperatively (plain x-ray at day 3 and two months later, CT scan after eight weeks). Histological studies were also taken, as well as the NCOS for evaluating the claudication. A student’s t-test analysis was carried out on the NCOS pre- and postoperative to evaluate the improvement significance. The improvement of the NCOS score in male was 23.1±2.23 and female was 24.85±2.68 (p=0.023). Histologically, the flavum ligament was hardening, stiffening, and calcifying resulting in a decrease in the ratio of elastin to fibrous tissue, leading to the hypertrophic process. In the short term, surgical results improved in all patients with no surgical complication. Surgical decompression can yield a better outcome in the short term for treating symptomatic lumbar HFL associated with neurogenic claudication. This early pathological process in the flavum ligament results in an overall tissue thickening leading to narrowing of the lumbar canal.
Total ankle arthroplasty incorporating a total talar prosthesis
Authors: Kurokawa H. , Taniguchi A. , Morita S. , Takakura Y. , Tanaka Y.
Published: March 2019

Aims

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has become the most reliable surgical solution for patients with end-stage arthritis of the ankle. Aseptic loosening of the talar component is the most common complication. A custom-made artificial talus can be used as the talar component in a combined TAA for patients with poor bone stock of the talus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional and clinical outcomes of combined TAA.

Patients and Methods

Ten patients (two men, eight women; ten ankles) treated using a combined TAA between 2009 and 2013 were matched for age, gender, and length of follow-up with 12 patients (one man, 11 women; 12 ankles) who underwent a standard TAA. All had end-stage arthritis of the ankle. The combined TAA features a tibial component of the TNK ankle (Kyocera, Kyoto, Japan) and an alumina ceramic artificial talus (Kyocera), designed using individualized CT data. The mean age at the time of surgery in the combined TAA and standard TAA groups was 71 years (61 to 82) and 75 years (62 to 82), respectively. The mean follow-up was 58 months (43 to 81) and 64 months (48 to 88), respectively. The outcome was assessed using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) ankle-hindfoot scale, the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS), and the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q).

Results

The mean preoperative JSSF score of the combined TAA and standard TAA groups was 44 (sd 11) and 49 (sd 10), respectively. The mean postoperative JSSF scores were 89 (sd 6.1) and 72 (sd 15), respectively. The mean postoperative JSSF score of the combined TAA group was significantly higher (p = 0.0034). The mean preoperative AOS scores for pain and function in the combined TAA and standard TAA groups were 5.8 (sd 3.3) and 5.5 (sd 3.1), and 8.6 (sd 1.3), and 7.1 (sd 2.9), respectively. The mean postoperative AOS scores of pain and function were 2.5 (sd 2.5) and 2.2 (sd 1.9), and 2.5 (sd 3.3) and 3.4 (sd 2.9), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative AOS scores. The mean postoperative SAFE-Q scores were: for pain, 76 (sd 23) and 70 (sd 23); for physical function, 66 (sd 25) and 55 (sd 27); for social function, 73 (sd 35) and 62 (sd 34); for shoe-related, 73 (sd 19) and 65 (sd 26); and for general health, 78 (sd 28) and 67 (sd 29), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative SAFE-Q scores.

Conclusion

Combined TAA resulted in better clinical results than standard TAA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:443–446.
Acute total hip arthroplasty combined with internal fixation for displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly
Authors: Borg T. , Hernefalk B. , Hailer N. P.
Published: March 2019

Aims

Displaced, comminuted acetabular fractures in the elderly are increasingly common, but there is no consensus on whether they should be treated non-surgically, surgically with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), or with acute total hip arthroplasty (THA). A combination of ORIF and acute THA, an approach called ’combined hip procedure’ (CHP), has been advocated and our aim was to compare the outcome after CHP or ORIF alone.

Patients and Methods

A total of 27 patients with similar acetabular fractures (severe acetabular impaction with or without concomitant femoral head injury) with a mean age of 72.2 years (50 to 89) were prospectively followed for a minimum of two years. In all, 14 were treated with ORIF alone and 13 were treated with a CHP. Hip joint and patient survival were estimated. Operating times, blood loss, radiological outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed.

Results

No patient in the CHP group required further hip surgery, giving THA a survival rate of 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 100 to 100) after three years, compared with 28.6% hip joint survival in the ORIF group (95% CI 12.5 to 65.4; p = 0.001). No dislocations or deep infections occurred in the CHP group. No patient died within the first year after index surgery, but patient survival was lower in the CHP group after three years. There were no relevant differences in patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusion

The CHP confers a considerably reduced need of further surgery when compared with ORIF alone in elderly patients with complex acetabular fractures. These findings encourage both further use of, and larger prospective studies on, the CHP. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:478–483.
The sufficiency of existed protected areas in conserving the habitat of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
Authors: WARDATUTTHOYYIBAH WARDATUTTHOYYIBAH , PUDYATMOKO SATYAWAN , SUBRATA SENA ADI , IMRON MUHAMMAD ALI
Published: March 2019

Wardatutthoyyibah, Pudyatmoko S, Subrata SA, Imron MA. 2019. The sufficiency of existed protected areas in conserving the habitat of proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Biodiversitas 20: 1-10. Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endemic species on the island of Borneo. Their population size progressively decreased because they are very sensitive to any habitat destruction and human activity. The population of proboscis monkey in 2008 was estimated at only approximately 25,000 in total, of which only 5,000 within the conservation areas. However so, the continuation of habitat degradation is hardly prevented in non-protected areas. To solve the problem, the Indonesian government commits to increase the population of the proboscis monkey, particularly outside the protected areas. To support this goal, the distribution data of N. larvatus for conservation planning has become necessary. This study aims to build predictive models of the N. larvatus in Kalimantan and to measure how big the overlap between the habitat and the land use activity (protected areas, concession areas, plantation, and agriculture areas). The study used the Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) approach and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) software. We collected recent data from N. larvatus and a number of environmental variables. The result shows that only 5% of the total of Kalimantan area is suitable for their habitat. The overlap between N. larvatus distribution, land use, and land cover map reveals that only 9% of the distribution lies in protected areas, while 37% lies in concession areas and 27% lies in agriculture and plantations areas. We discuss the spatial distribution of the model and current situation of the land use policy in Kalimantan to provide scientific guidance for the Indonesian government to make a master plan for conserving endangered species N. larvatus.
Short Communication: Age and growth of elongated mudskipper, Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) from Sundarbans, India
Authors: MAHADEVAN GOPALAN , BHARATHIRAJAN PALANIVEL , RAVI VELAYUTHAM , POULADI MOJTABA , KHANGHAH MARYAM MIRZAEI VAND
Published: March 2019

Mahadevan G, Bharathirajan P, Ravi V, Pouladi M, Mirzaei Vand Khanghah M. 2019. Short Communication: Age and growth of elongated mudskipper, Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) from Sundarbans, India. Biodiversitas 20: 85-90. The estimation of age and mathematical expression of fish growth is complex and debated subject in fishery sciences. Growth parameters of elongated mudskipper, Pseudapocryptes elongatus were estimated based on the length frequency data using FiSAT II software (several tools such as Powell-Wetherall method, ELEFAN and von Bertalanffy growth estimates). Samples were collected from Sundarbans mangroves using gill and cast nets and by hand picking. The length-frequency (LFQ) of P.elongatus was recorded from January 2014 to December 2015 and the above tools estimated the growth parameters (L∞, K and t0) from the progression of LFQ modes through time. L∞ and K values of males were 220.50 mm and 1.3 yr-1, respectively and similarly, L∞ and K values of females were 221.05 mm and 1.21 yr-1, respectively. The t0 values estimated for males and females were-0.1915 years and-0.1661 years, respectively. The estimated growth performance index (Φ) values for males and females of P. elongatus were 4.394 and 4.503, respectively. The lifespan of both the sexes was found to be 4+ years.
The practice of hydrological restoration to rehabilitate abandoned shrimp ponds in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: DJAMALUDDIN RIGNOLDA , BROWN BENJAMIN , R. LEWIS III ROY
Published: March 2019

Djamaluddin R, Brown B, Lewis III RR. 2019. The practice of hydrological restoration to rehabilitate abandoned shrimp ponds in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 160-170. The world has lost a large extent of mangroves, while rates of recovery of these ecosystems from natural re-growth and restoration are slow. We developed a hydrological restoration technique to investigate the importance of hydrological modification in mangrove restoration success. Ecological Mangrove Restoration was adopted to restore abandoned shrimp ponds at Tiwoho, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi. Hydrological modification resulted in the creation of various mangrove sub-habitat conditions. These conditions remained unstable within the first three years and became relatively stable after seven years. Tidal inundation and soil surface salinity appeared to be the major factors controlling mangrove establishment and growth. All natural recruits and planted trees grew faster and produced more propagules/fruits within a short period of time after the normal physical conditions achieved. The restored site was covered by approximately 91.3 % of vegetation with the same canopy species composition as the natural stands. The practiced hydrological restoration method was simple, cost-effective and can help other practitioners in improving their mangrove restoration techniques.
The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: PUTRI FIQA ABBAN , FAUZIAH FAUZIAH , AYU LESTARI DEWI , BUDIHARTA SUGENG
Published: March 2019

Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Lestari DA, Budiharta S. 2019. The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 198-210. East Kalimantan is the most well-known province in Indonesia with high natural resources, particularly from the mining sector. While delivering benefits for economic development, coal mining operation negatively affects biodiversity. Effort to mitigate impacts on biodiversity is by establishing an in-situ conservation area inside the coal mining area. This area is preserved in the form of arboretum from existing natural forests. The aim of this research is to identify the importance of conservation area in a mining concession in East Kalimantan regarding its plants’ diversity, conservation status, and utilization. The research was conducted by doing vegetation analysis and inventorying plant biodiversity inside the in-situ conservation area by using plot samples. The result showed that the in-situ conservation area protects at least 142 species with a high level of biodiversity on all vegetation phases, indicated by Shannon Wiener diversity indices in which all phase have an index higher than 3. It protects 22 species listed in IUCN Red List of threatened species and contains at least 90 potential plants utilized by traditional Dayak people in their daily life. This study highlights that the conservation area is an important part in mining management to protect biodiversity, and suggest that in-situ conservation area should be preserved by every mining concession.
Short Communication: Further morphological evidence for separating Mukia Arn. from Cucumis L.
Authors: PUTRI PRATAMI MENTARI , CHIKMAWATI TATIK , RUGAYAH RUGAYAH
Published: March 2019

Pratami, MP Chikmawati T, Rugayah. 2019. Short Communication: Further morphological evidence for separating Mukia Arn. from Cucumis L.. Biodiversitas 20: 211-217. Mukia Arn. is closely related to Cucumis L. based on molecular data, nevertheless, they have high morphological differences resulting in different opinion on taxonomical status of the two genera. Mukia Arn. has many similarities in pollen and leaf anatomical characters to Cucumis L., but both genera differ in seven seed characters, i.e color, shape, size, surface pattern, seed edge, transverse section at seed neck, and the markings of the inner seed coat surface. So, based on seed characteristics, Mukia Arn. is separated from Cucumis L.Keywords: Cucurbitaceae, leaf anatomy, Malesia
Initiating the establishment of commercial stand at Tasik Besar Serkap, Riau, Indonesia: An early growth assessment of two peat swamp tree species
Authors: HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI , SUBIAKTO ATOK
Published: March 2019

Rachmat HH, Subiakto A. 2019. Initiating the establishment of commercial stand at Tasik Besar Serkap, Riau, Indonesia: An early growth assessment of two peat swamp tree species. Biodiversitas 20: 267-272. Degraded and converted peat swamp forest has enhanced the emission of CO2 and become one major contributor of huge greenhouse gas emission. Management unit at site level of KPH Tasik Besar Serkap covers a very wide area of more than 510.000 ha, dominated by 90% of peat swamp forest (PSF) which is susceptible to several disturbance sources (fires, illegal logging, land encroachment, alien species invasion, etc) and experiencing more deteriorated condition if there is no significant action carried out in managing its resources. Thus, it is important to improve the productivity of this PSF by planting it with native commercial tree species in order to maintain its role both in production and conservation aspects. The main objective of this study was to determine suitable PSF native species to rehabilitate highly degraded PSF in KPHP Tasik Besar Serkap. Two native PSF tree species were used namely Balangeran (Shorea balangeran) and Bintangur (Callophylum soulatri). Seedlings were planted at 4 x 3 meter spacing distance, each species was planted in a 1-ha plot, and thus the planting trial total area was 2 ha with 834 individual trees/species/ha. The survival rates at 6 months and 12 months after planting were 81.77% (682 seedlings/ha) and 58.6% (488 seedlings/ha) respectively for Balangeran, and 12.64% (105 seedlings/ha) and 10.34% (86 seedlings/ha) for Bintangur. The average heights at 6 and 12 months after planting for Balangeran were 111.54 cm (±16.731) and 206.03 cm (± 30.905) respectively, while for Bintangur 60.00 cm (± 12.921) and 72.76 cm (± 11.326) respectively. We also observed physical damage on planted seedlings, namely the occurrence of shoot and twig boring (pest) and seedling mortality caused by herbicide contact when our field staff applied herbicide at the experimental plots to ease the planted seedlings from weeds and other competitors. Borer was only identified in the surviving Balangeran seedlings at 12 months after planting with the intensity of attack of 17% . We did not observe similar case occurring in planted Bintangur. Seedling mortality rates caused by herbicide contact for Balangeran and Bintangur were 3.8% and 3,2% respectively. From the study result, it was concluded that only Balangeran was recommended to be planted for increasing the productivity of PSF in the scheme of commercial stand.
The response of East Kalimantan, Indonesia local rice cultivars against iron stress
Authors: NURHASANAH NURHASANAH , SUCI LESTARI HELMA , SUNARYO WIDI
Published: March 2019

Nurhasanah, lestari HS, Sunaryo W. 2019. The response of East Kalimantan, Indonesia local rice cultivars against iron stress. Biodiversitas 20: 273-282. Iron (Fe) toxicity is one of the most problematic metal elements in acidic soil. Besides being as an essential micronutrient, an excessive iron can cause mineral and nutrients absorption disorder which leads to disruption of plant metabolism and cell development. Reduction of plant growth and yield will be the further consequences of the excessive soil iron content. This study aimed to evaluate the response of East Kalimantan local rice cultivars and to screen rice genotypes tolerant to iron stress. Twenty-five rice genotypes were used in this study, consisted of twenty-three local rice cultivars of East Kalimantan and two control of iron sensitive (IR64) and tolerant (Mekongga) varieties. Uniform sprouts (3 days old) having 1-1.5 cm root length were used for iron stress experiment. The seedlings were grown in nutrient solution using hydroponic system in an aerobic condition. The seedlings were treated for one week in iron stress condition by adding an extra iron source of 100 and 200 ppm FeSO4.7H2O (pH 4.0). The seedlings grown in the nutrient solution without an extra iron treatment at normal acidity growth condition (pH 5.8) were used as the control. The growth responses were observed from root, shoot, and biomass of the plants. The tolerance index of the plant growth characters was calculated to classify the rice genotypes into tolerant, moderate, and sensitive to iron stress. The results showed that 100 and 200 ppm of FeSO4.7H2O treatments inhibited the root and shoot growth and also reduced the plant biomass. The plant growth reduction was in parallel with the increase of iron concentration. There was a significant differential response of East Kalimantan local rice genotypes to iron stress treatment. Some genotypes showed an extreme reduction of plant growth, whereas several genotypes had an increased growth under stressed situation. In the contrary, the sensitive genotype IR 64 was consistently sensitive based on the tolerance index of the root, shoot, and plant biomass characters. Among all growth parameters, the most selective character for iron toxicity screening was maximal root length character. This character caused the most severe symptoms for most of the genotypes. Two local rice genotypes, Bentian and Bogor Hitam, were consistently tolerant based on the maximal root growth, total root growth, shoot length and plant biomass.
Presence of Anisakis nematode larvae in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) along the Indian Ocean southern coast of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SETYOBUDI EKO , ROHMAH IZANATUR , FAUZIANA SYARIFAH RIZKA , RAMATIA LISA , MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO , WAHYU KARTIKA SARI DINI
Published: March 2019

Setyobudi E, Rohmah I, Syarifah RF, Ramatia L, Murwantoko, Sari DWK. 2019. Presence of Anisakis nematode larvae in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) along the Indian Ocean southern coast of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 313-319. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI) and site of infection of anisakid larvae (Nematoda) in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) at the Indian Ocean Southern Coast of East Java. A total of 341 fish were collected from Prigi and Muncar Fish Harbor, East Java during March-April 2018. Each fish specimen was measured in body length and weight, and then dissected for examination of Anisakis larvae in the body cavity, digestive tract, liver, gonad and muscle. The collected larvae were preserved in absolute ethanol for both morphological and molecular identification. The results of this research showed Indian mackerel was susceptible to Anisakis infection (P=17%, MI =6.8 larva/individual fish). Most of the larvae were found in the digestive tract and body cavity, 47.2% and 46.0% respectively. Only a few larvae were found in other internal organs and muscle. Based on morphological identification, these larvae corresponded to Anisakis Type I. Furthermore, in molecular identification using PCR-RFLP, the banding pattern clearly matched with Anisakis typica. The prevalence and mean intensity of Anisakis nematodes on Indian mackerel along the southern coast of East Java seem to be different in each locality and from other adjacent waters as has previously been reported, which may be due to differences in feeding habits and in the distribution of marine mammals as the final host. The results suggest that differences in prevalence and mean intensity of anisakis larvae infection could be developed as a biological indicator of fish stock discrimination. However, clear information regarding food habits of Indian mackerel and migration patterns of the paratenic hosts as well as of marine mammals as final host is needed.
Morphology, palynology, and stipe anatomy of four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: SOFIYANTI NERY , IRIANI DYAH , FITMAWATI FITMAWATI , ATIKA MARPAUNG AFNI
Published: March 2019

Sofiyanti N, Iriani D, Fitmawati, Marpaung AA. 2019. Morphology, palynology, and stipe anatomy of four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 327-336. The fern explorations had been conducted in Pekanbaru, Riau Province from 2013 to 2017. The objectives of this study were to characterize the morphological characters, to examine the spore features and stipe anatomy characters of four common ferns from Pekanbaru. The specimens were collected from the fields using the exploration method from 21 study sites from 10 sub-districts. The spores were then observed using a digital microscope. A total of four fern species were known as the most common fern species in this region, i.e., Dicranopteris linearis, Stenochlaena palustris, Nephrolepis biserrata, and Davalia denticulata. This study examined the morphology, palynology and stipe anatomy of these four common ferns from Pekanbaru, Riau. The anatomical preparation was conducted using paraffin method while spore preparation using acetolysis method. We found dimorphic ferns (Stenochlaena palustris and Davallia denticulata) and monomorphic ferns (Dicranopteris linearis and Nephrolepis biserrata). The vascular bundle of stipes of four species examined is similar, i.e., amphicribral concentric, however, the vascular bundles within the species varies in size. We also observed similar type of stele, atactostele, among the species. The spore features found in this study were monolete and trilete with prolate and subprolate shape. The result of this study supports the anatomical data of the examined species.
Short Communication: Exploration of bidara laut (Strychnos lucida) parent trees in Gunung Tunak Ecotourism Park, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: SETYAYUDI ALI , KRISNAWATI KRISNAWATI , NANDINI RYKE
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Setyayudi A, Krisnawati, Nandini R. 2019. Short Communication: Exploration of bidara laut (Strychnos lucida) parent trees in Gunung Tunak Ecotourism Park, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 374-378. Bidara laut (Strychnos lucida R. Brown) is one of the widely used medicinal plants. There is a bidara laut wood processing industry in West Nusa Tenggara that produces drinking cups called ‘health cups’ utilizing bidara laut. All raw materials used for the production of health cups are, however, obtained from bidara laut stands in forest areas, which may cause the extinction of this medicinal plant species if the highly intensive raw material harvesting in the forest is not supported with cultivation of this plant species. To preserve this plant species, the Institute for Research and Development of Non-Timber Forest Products Technology (NTFP-RDI) has carried out breeding activities by developing a collection garden of this species from the populations of Bali and West Nusa Tenggara (Lombok and Sumbawa Islands). The initial step carried out was the exploration of the parent trees followed by collection of generative materials (seeds) and nurseries. Exploration of bidara laut parent trees on Lombok Island was carried out in Gunung Tunak Ecotourism Park using a purposive sampling method, followed by collection of fruits to obtain seed propagating materials for establishment of seedling nurseries. Twenty-five parent trees were identified with average height of nine m, stem diameter of 24 cm and stem straightness scales of 1-3. The average seed produced was 413 seeds tree-1. Three parent trees were selected based on the highest seed germination rates, namely parent trees number 6, 14 and 20. This result provides useful information for the next bidara laut breeding activities.
Ladybird beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia
Authors: B. RUCHIN ALEXANDER , V. EGOROV LEONID , B. SEMISHIN GENNADY
Published: March 2019

Ruchin AB, Egorov LV, Semishin GB. 2019. Ladybird beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 20: 316-327. The paper presents the first overview of Coccinellidae fauna of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Nowadays 46 species are reliably known in Mordovia. Of these, three species have firstly been registered in the Republic of Mordovia in recent years, namely Nephus bipunctatus, Hyperaspis erythrocephala, and Oenopia conglobata. In addition, three species were recommended to be excluded from the list of regional fauna.
Morphological characters, flowering and seed germination of the Indonesian medicinal plant Orthosiphon aristatus
Authors: FEBJISLAMI SHALATI , KURNIAWATI ANI , MELATI MAYA , WAHYU YUDIWANTI
Published: March 2019

Febjislami S, Kurniawati A, Melati M, Wahyu Y. 2019. Morphological characters, flowering and seed germination of the Indonesian medicinal plant Orthosiphon aristatus. Biodiversitas 20: 328-337. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq is a popular medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. The morphological variation of O. aristatus is narrow and information on flowering and seed germination is limited. This study aimed to determine the morphological characters, flowering and seed germination of O. aristatus. The study was conducted on 19 accessions (ex situ collections) of O. aristatus from West, Central and East Java. It was found that the differences in morphological and flowering characters were mainly based on shape and color. The dominant stem color is strong yellowish green mixed with deep purplish pink in different proportions. The dominant leaf shape was medium elliptic. O. aristatus flower has three kinds of colors: purple, intermediate and white (the most common color). O. aristatus has heterostyled flower with a long-styled morph. The stigma has two shapes: open and close (the dominant shape). The open and close stigma was found in Tuban accession, the open stigma was found in Pamekasan accession. O. aristatus accessions have a narrow diversity of 84% similarity rate. O. aristatus started flowering at 4-5 weeks after planting and blooming 2-3 weeks later. O. aristatus seeds begin to germinate on the fourth day and take about eight days to grow from seedling to become complete sprouts. Count I ranged from day 5-6 and count II on days 10-11. Tuban accession has the highest germination rate of 72.97%. The results of this research can be considered as new information, regarding information about the diversity of morphological, flowering characters and the ability of O. aristatus seed to germinate.
Relative condition factor, length-weight relationship, and growth of three-spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus from Parangipettai Coast, India
Authors: BHARADHIRAJAN PALANIVEL , MAHADEVAN GOPALAN , MURUGESAN PERUMAL , MURUGAN SAMANTHAM , POULADI MOJTABA , ABBASPOUR NADERI REZA
Published: March 2019

Bharadhirajan P, Mahadevan G, Murugesan P, Murugan S, Pouladi M, Abbaspour Naderi R. 2019. Relative condition factor, length-weight relationship, and growth of three-spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from Parangipettai Coast, India. Biodiversitas 20: 373-379. The three-spotted flounder, Pseudorhombus triocellatus is usually caught as trawl by-catch from Parangipettai coastal waters but regrettably, limited information on its age structure and growth is available. Hence, the present study aims to understand some basic parameters of its biology and growth. A total of 759 specimens (360 males and 399 females) ranging from 4 cm to 13 cm in total length (TL) and 5.26-35.41 g in weight were collected from the trawl catches of Parangipettai and Mudasalodai landing center during January–December 2015. The estimated growth coefficient (b) value for males (2.797) was greater than 3 and for females (3.023) was less than 3. The relative condition factor (Kn) values of females were higher than males except during February, June, and September. The values of asymptotic length (L∞) obtained in this study using various methods didn’t vary significantly (P>0.05). The most appropriate values of asymptotic length (Lα) for males were 137.11 mm and for females were 141.75 mm. The most appropriate values of growth rate (K) for males were 0.397 yr-1 and for females were 0.410 yr-1. The estimated length at age 0 (t0) for males and females were 0.197 mm and 0.292 mm, respectively. The longevity (tmax) of males and females P. triocellatus were 2.04 years and 2.24 years, respectively. The result of this study provides basic information for future studies.
The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSILOWATI ARIDA , HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI , ELFIATI DENI , HASIBUAN M. HABIBI
Published: March 2019

Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Hasibuan MH. 2019. The composition and diversity of plant species in pasak bumi’s (Eurycoma longifolia) habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 413-418. Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Indonesia. Currently, E. longifolia is being over-exploited due to its potential and popularity as herbal medicine and its high value in the market. Therefore, the study on the population structure of the species and habitat characterization is required to ensure successfulness of conservation of this species. The study was carried out in lowland forest, located in Limited Production Forest within the Register Number 40, situated administratively in Papaso Village, Sub-District of Batang Lubu Sutam-Padang Lawas, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Batang Lubu Sutam forest is known as a source of pasak bumi material in North Sumatra. Every year tons of pasak bumi are collected from this forest and exported to Malaysia and surrounding countries. Due to illegal harvesting for its roots, pasak bumi has been seriously depleted in some areas in Batang Lubu Sutam forest. Therefore, current data on its population are needed for conservation effort of Batang Lubu Sutam's pasak bumi. The objectives of this study were to assess the structure of forest where pasak bumi grows and to determine the correct management for sustainability the future stocks. Vegetation analysis was carried out purposively in four transect belts, each consisting of five quadrats or plots. The results showed that the Importance Value Index of pasak bumi at seedling, sapling, pole and tree stages was 21.26%, 9.147%, 0, and 0 respectively. The Shannon Diversity Index (H) ranged between 3.050 and 3.220 and was inside its common value distribution. The evenness index was high, more than 0.85, at all stages of plant growth. The disappearance of pasak bumi at pole and tree stages indicates threatening condition for the sustainability of pasak bumi in the study sites because of excessive harvesting.
Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: HENDALASTUTI RACHMAT HENTI , SUBIAKTO ATOK , SUSILOWATI ARIDA
Published: March 2019

Rachmat HH, Subiakto A, Susilowati A. 2019. Title. Short Communication: Genetic resources of fast-growing tree for rehabilitating upland area of deteriorated Saguling catchment, West Java, Indonesia Biodiversitas 20: 442-447. Representing the upper landscapes area in West Bandung District, West Java Province, Indonesia with the highest point of ± 650 m, Saguling reservoir covers catchment area of about ± 2300 ha. Many huge reservoirs in Indonesia experienced faster-observed sedimentation than those of its expected time. The main cause for this situation is that the sedimentation rate has been doubled or even more than that of calculated or expected. The phenomenon of excessive and accelerated sedimentation condition in a water reservoir indicated that the development of both areas and its community have neglected the conservation aspect of the catchment areas. Those, rehabilitation of catchment area become an urgent need. Related to rehabilitation purposes, we planted six fast-growing tree species (Ochroma pyramidale/balsa, Nauclea orientalis/gempol, Ficus variegate/nyawai, Antocephalus cadamba/jabon putih, Anthocephalus macrophyllus/jabon merah, and Octomeles sumatrana/binuang bini) to determine which ones were the most suitable for scale-up plantation in rehabilitation activities. Planting was designed by total planting in uniform planting distance of 3 x 3 m, each species planted in line planting technique consisted of 3 block replications. Measurement on seedling height was conducted over all species at 6 and 12 months after planting. The best height increment showing the fastest growing species at 6 months after planting then scaled up to bigger experimental plot covering 3 ha area. Of the sixth month after planting measurement, result showed balsa gained the highest average height (136.19 cm) followed by nyawai, binuang bini, jabon merah, jabon putih and gempol (133.53 cm, 99.60 cm, 78.27 cm, 70.60 cm, and 53..30 cm). Scaled up experimental plot for balsa showed the average height at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 year after planting (yap) was 4.16 m, 12.13 m, and 23.08 m while the average diameter breast height (DBH) was 7.0 cm, 20.14 cm and 28.21 cm. From study result, we suggested balsa as potential fast growing tree species planted for rehabilitation activities in Saguling catchment area.
Identification of Beche-de-mers from Indonesia by molecular approach
Authors: PATANTIS GINTUNG , DEWI ARIYANTI S , FAWZYA YUSRO N , NURSID MUHAMMAD
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Patantis G, Dewi AS, Fawzya YN, Nursid M. 2019. Identification of Beche-de-mers from Indonesia by molecular approach. Biodiversitas 20: 537-543. Sea cucumbers have been commercially traded around the world due to their nutritional values and health benefits. Sea cucumbers are marketed as processed sea cucumber, also known as beche de mer, teripang, haisen or gamat. Due to the high global demand of beche-de-mers, there have been several cases of fraud due to the visual shape and color similarities of processed sea cucumbers. Additionally, the local name diversity of Indonesian sea cucumbers making the identification of beche-de-mers difficult. Therefore, this study aimed to identify commercial sea cucumbers from selected locations in Indonesia by molecular approach. The targeted Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used in this research. A total of 25 beche-de-mers was purchased from local markets in Indonesia, i.e. Boalemo (17 local names), Pesawaran (5), Surabaya (2) and West Lombok (1). Results showed that 22 species of beche-de-mer were successfully identified, ie. Acaudina sp., Actinopyga echinites, A. lecanora, A. miliaris, Bohadschia argus, B. marmorata, B. ocellata, B. vitiensis, Holothuria sp. H. atra, H. coluber, H. edulis, H. excellens, H. fuscocinerea, H. fuscogilva, H. fuscopunctata, H. scabra, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Phyrella sp., Stichopus herrmanni, S. horrens and S. monotuberculatus. The identification of Indonesian beche-de-mers using molecular method could support the identification of the local sea cucumbers to overcome mislabeled and fraud. Correct identification is important for the record of beche-de-mer trade in Indonesia and further conservation management.
Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading : chlorophyll and chloroplast
Authors: MAWARNI LISA , NISA TENGKU CHAIRUN , NAPITUPULU JUSTIN A , KARYUDI KARYUDI
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Mawarni L, Nisa TC, Napitupulu JA, Karyudi. 2019. Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading. Biodiversitas 20: 615-620. The shading tolerant soybean varieties could be identified through the character growth such as leaf status. This study was aimed to obtain the shading tolerant of soybean variety based on their seed size and on the leaf status. Design of experiments was a split-plot design with three replications. The level of shading as the main plot with four levels of treatment was without shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading. Soybean varieties as the subplot had 4 genotypes namely Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti wherein one variety comes with large seed; two come with medium seeds and the other one comes with small seed. The leaf status for determination was the greenness of leaves, the sum of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll a and b, the forms of chloroplasts and leaf area. The soybean varieties with different seed sizes showed the differences only on the leaf area but not on leaf greenness or on the sum of chlorophyll. Nanti variety, having small seed, turns out to have the largest leaf area but is not shade tolerant. The large leaf area may be due to the forming of tetra foliate leaves on Nanti variety. The form of chloroplast of Anjasmoro variety in 70% shading is better than other varieties. Therefore, determining leaf status can identify shading tolerant of soybeans.
Diversity of medicinal plants and their uses by the Sanger tribe of Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PANDIANGAN DINGSE , SILALAHI MARINA , DAPAS FARHA , KANDAU FEBBY
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Pandiangan D, Silalahi M, Dapas F, Kandou F. 2019. Diversity of medicinal plants and their uses by the Sanger tribe of Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 621-631. The Sanger tribe is an indigenous tribe in Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi, who still continue to use traditional medicinal plants. The objectives of this study were to document the diversity of medicinal plants and their general uses by the Sanger tribe in the selected villages of Sangihe Islands and to identify plants that have anti-cancer potential. The study was conducted with ethnobotanical approach using survey and interviews among 90 respondents selected from 9 study villages located in 3 sub-districts of Sangihe Islands. The study showed that 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 47 families had been used by the Sanger tribe to treat 39 different types of diseases. Thirteen (13) species each were used for treating fever and ulcers, 12 species in the treatment of poisoning, 10 species each for cough and kidney diseases, 8 species for each of the diabetes mellitus and cancer or tumors, and 7 species each for itching, hypertension, physical injury and blood circulation disorders. For other diseases, the number of plant species used as medicines varied from 1 to 6. Leaves were the most predominantly used part for medicinal purposes as this was used in case of 73 species, followed by stems (37 species), roots (29 species), flowers (25 species), fruits (20 species) and seeds (17 species). Twenty percent (20% of the recorded medicinal plants were consumed directly and others after different methods of processing and preparation, such as boiling (51%), crushing (15%), roasting (2%), soaking (16%) and pasting (7%), and a species can be used more once. A utilization of Dischidia nythesiana as medicines for cancer/tumor by the Sanger tribe has not been reported before.
Short Communication: Molecular identification of White Sea Squirt Didemnum sp. (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) colonies growing over corals in Raja Ampat Islands, Indonesia
Authors: ANZANI LUTHFI , MADDUPPA HAWIS H , NURJAYA I WAYAN , DIAS P JOANA
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Anzani L, Madduppa HH, Nurjaya IW, Dias PJ. 2019. Short Communication: Molecular identification of White Sea Squirt Didemnum sp. (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) colonies growing over corals in Raja Ampat Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 636-642. Indonesia is at the center of the Coral Triangle, the region with the world’s highest marine biodiversity. The Raja Ampat archipelago in east Indonesia has one of the oldest networks of marine protected areas in the country and is a top priority area for marine conservation. The area is however under anthropogenic pressure from growing tourism, developments and exploration of natural resources. The most likely associated introduction of non-native species is however largely unexplored. Colonial ascidians or ‘sea squirts’ comprise a high number of species, many of them reported as introduced or invasive worldwide. In this study, we investigate the presence of white colonial ascidian colonies noticed to overgrow sections of the coral reefs in central Raja Ampat. We use DNA barcoding to address the colonies’ species identification and explore haplotype diversity to determine the species native or introduced status. We produced 22 DNA barcodes belonging to four potential cryptic Didemnum sp. species present in the Raja Ampat archipelago, Indonesia. Overall, the high number of haplotypes found in the area suggest these to most likely to be native species. The present work represents, as far as the authors are aware, the first time that such species were investigated in Raja Ampat. We hope with this work to create awareness for the topic of introduced and invasive species in the area and motivate further studies in Indonesia.
Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: KHUMAIDA NURUL , SYUKUR MUHAMAD , BINTANG MARIA , NURCHOLIS WARAS
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Khumaida N, Syukur M, Bintang M, Nurcholis W. 2019. Phenolic and flavonoid content in ethanol extract and agro-morphological diversity of Curcuma aeruginosa accessions growing in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 656-663. Curcuma aeruginosa is a rhizomatous medicinal plant with beneficial pharmacological activities. The aim of this work was to analyze the agro-morphological, extract yield, and phenolic content of ten C. aeruginosa accessions which were collected from different locations in Indonesia. Cultivation was carried out in the open field in West Java of Indonesia using a completely randomized design. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were used to investigate agro-morphological traits. Total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were determined in ethanol extracts of samples. The plants were phenotypically diverse, in which there were significant variations among the ten C. aeruginosa accessions in number of leaves, plant height, number of shoots, fresh weight of rhizome, and dry weight of rhizome characters. Variability in the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents ranged from 29.08-46.92 mg GAE/g, and 21.31-33.81 mg QE/g, respectively. Six accessions had high phenolic content and extract yield. Therefore, these accessions could be utilized for commercial scale and also showed a high potency for medicinal plant breeding programs.
Source, harvesting, conservation status, threats and management of indigenous plant used for respiratory infections and related symptoms in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: SEMENYA SEBUA SILAS , MAROYI ALFRED
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Semenya SS, Maroyi A. 2019. Source, harvesting, conservation status, threats and management of indigenous plant used for respiratory infections and related symptoms in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 20: 789-810. This survey explored Bapedi traditional healer’s (THs) practices pertinent to native plants used to treat respiratory infections (RIs) and related symptoms (RSs). Semi-structured questionnaires and participatory observations were used to gather information from 240 THs in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. 186 plants from 75 families were harvested by these THs, mainly from the communal lands (81.2%), throughout the year. Plant parts used for RIs and RSs remedies was destructively harvested in wilderness compared to homegardens. Most (n=174) species from which these parts are obtained appears on the South African National Red Data List of plants, with 88.5% having a list concern status. This included Adansonia digitata, Boscia albitrunca, Catha edulis, Securidaca longepedunculata and Sclerocarya birrea which are also protected under the National Forest Act of 1998 (Act no. 84 of 1998). A further, 8.6% (n=15) of Red Data Listed plants are of conservation concern, with various status namely near threatened (38.3%), declining (20%), data deficient (13.3%), critically endangered and vulnerable (3.3%, for each), as well as endangered (6.6%). There were both consensus and disjunction amongst THs and Red Data List regarding the status of plants in the wild. This study provides valuable data for the conservation of medicinal plants in Limpopo Province.
- Diversity wild banana species (Musa spp.) in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: HASTUTI HASTUTI , PURNOMO PURNOMO , SUMARDI I , DARYONO BUDI S
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Hastuti, Purnomo, Sumardi I, Daryono BS. 2019. Diversity wild banana species (Musa spp.) in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 824-832. Indonesia is known as one of the centers of banana diversity in the world. There are 70 species of wild banana in the genus of Musa, 12 of them it was found in Indonesia. Sulawesi was located in the Wallace Line, which is a meeting between the Sunda and Sahul exposures, and has many endemic species, some of which are wild banana species. However, studies on wild banana in Sulawesi are still limited. This study focuses on species of wild bananas found in Sulawesi. Purposive sampling was used to select banana example from wild, cultivated area, residential areas and research garden. Observation was carried out in the field as well as using a collection herbarium and living specimens. The observation was done by observing the characteristics of the sample according to the guidance on Descriptor for Banana. Identification was done by matching the sample with herbarium and relevant references. The results showed that there were four species of wild bananas found on the island of Sulawesi. These are Musa balbisiana Colla, Musa acuminata Colla var. zebrina (v.Houtte) Nasution, Musa acuminata Colla var. banksii (F.Muell.) N.W Simmonds, Musa acuminata Colla var. lutraensis, Musa acuminata Colla var. sigiensis, Musa acuminata Colla ssp. microcarpa Becc., Musa borneensis Becc. and Musa textilis Nee. Four wild banana accessions had never been reported before. These were Musa acuminata var. zebrina, Musa acuminata var. lutraensis, Musa acuminata var. siginenesis and Musa borneensis.