bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Debridement Dalam Manajemen Nekrolisis Epidermal Toksik Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Tahun 2005-2015: Studi Retrospektif
Authors: Putranti Ismiralda Oke , Primanita Citra , Fawzy Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Nekrolisis epidermal toksik (NET) merupakan penyakit yang dapat mengancam jiwa. umumnya disebabkan karena efek simpang obat, ditandai dengan kulit kemerahan dan epidermolisis, disertai dengan konjungtivitis dan keterlibatan mukosa orifisium baik oral, genital maupun perianus. Tatalaksana NET hingga sekarang masih merupakan masalah. Banyak pasien dikelola secara konservatif dan membutuhkan waktu perawatan yang sangat lama. Sebaliknya pada sebagian pasien dikelola seperti pasien luka bakar yang pada umumnya memerlukan debridement agar luka sembuh dengan segera. Namun untuk beberapa alasan, debridement masih diperdebatan dalam tata laksana NET.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peranan debridement dalam pengelolaan NET dari sudut pandang lama rawat inap pasien di RSUD Prof.dr. Margono Soekarjo pada tahun 2005 â€“ 2015.Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis retrospektif data yang didapat dari catatan medis pasien NET yang dirawat pada tahun 2005 â€“ 2015. Data yang diambil meliputi persentase luas permukaan tubuh yang terlibat, dan lama rawat inap. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan t-test.Dua puluh tujuh pasien dengan diagnosis NET, baik yang dilakukan debridement maupun tidak, diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Pada pasien NET dengan luas permukaan tubuh yang terlibat sebesar 30-50%, lama rawat inap pasien yang dilakukan debridement lebih singkat secara bermakna (p=0,032) dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak dilakukan debridement. Sedangkan pada pasien dengan luas permukaan yang terlibat sebesar 50-80% secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna di antara keduanya (p=0,121), meskipun pasien yang dilakukan debridement lama rawat inapnya lebih singkat.Debridement dapat mengurangi lama rawat inap pada tata laksana NET. Tidak hanya mengurangi lama rawat inap tetapi juga memberikan hasil yang lebih baik bagi pasien dan mengurangi risiko indeksi sekunder. Dapat diusulkan debridement sebagai salah satu protokol tata laksana pasien NET.Â Kata kunci: nekrolisis epidermal toksik, debridement, lama rawat inap
Peran Dan Prosedur Uji Kulit Untuk Identifikasi Penyebab Pada Kasus Reaksi Simpang Obat
Authors: Budianti Windy Keumala , Pradana Pandu , Ramadhiani Mutiara
Published: May 2019

Pada tatalaksana kasus erupsi obat alergik (EOA), identifikasi obat penyebab merupakan langkah utama untuk mencegah pajanan ulang terhadap obat yang menyebabkan EOA. Sebagian besar kasus EOA sulit menentukan obat penyebabnya, sehingga dibutuhkan uji provokasi beberapa obat yang diduga sebagai obat penyebab.Uji provokasi oral merupakan baku emas untuk menentukan obat penyebab, namun merupakan kontraindikasi pada kasus EOA berat. Uji tempel, tusuk, dan intradermal merupakan metode in vivo yang relatif lebih aman digunakan untuk identifikasi obat penyebab, walaupun terdapat beberapa keterbatasan. Dasar pemilihan uji kulit adalah berdasarkan patomekanisme dan manifestasi klinis EOA, diduga paling sering dimediasi oleh reaksi hipersensitivitas Coombs dan Gel tipe I dan IV. Uji tempel dapat bermanfaat pada kasus EOA tipe maku lopapular dan fixed drug eruption, sedangkan uji tusuk dapat bermanfaat untuk tipe urtikaria dan angioedema. Untuk mendapatkan hasil uji yang sahih, perlu diperhatikan konsentrasi alergen obat dan vehikulum yang digunakan, serta persyaratan uji. Indikasi uji tempel pada kasus EOA semakin meningkat, tetapi terdapat variasi antar pusat layanan dan belum ada panduan yang di sepakati bersama.Kata kunci:erupsi obat alergik, identifikasi obat, uji kulit
Peran transforming growth factor-`Î² pada reaksi eritema nodosum leprosum berulang
Authors: Hamzah Muhammad Syafei
Published: May 2019

Eritema nodosum leprosum (ENL) berulang adalah suatu komplikasi imunologi Kusta yang serius, menyebabkan peradangan pada kulit, saraf dan organ lain yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah hubungan Transforming Growth Factor-Î² (TGF-Î²) dengan ENL berulang pada pasien kusta. Metode desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional comparative study. Penelitian ini memeriksa kadar serum TGF-Î² dengan metode ELISA. Subjek penelitian sejumlah 44 pasien kusta tipe multibasiler (MB) terdiri atas 22 subjek dengan reaksi ENL berulang dan 22 subjek tanpa reaksi ENL berulang sebagai kontrol. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pasien kusta dengan reaksi ENL berulang memiliki kadar TGF-Î² rerata sebesar 62,6 30,4 pg/ml, sedangkan pada kontrol memiliki kadar TGF-Î² rerata sebesar 47,2 23. Uji statistik t-independen terhadap kelompok sampel dan kontrol didapatkan nilai p=0,015. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar TGF-Î² pada subjek dan kontrol. Peningkatan kadar TGF-Î² pada pasien kusta tipe MB dapat sebagai tanda timbulnya reaksi berulang.Â
Reconstrucción nasal con colgajos locales: Manejo según unidades estéticas.
Authors: Jaramillo Vera Priscilla , Loor Brocell Gabriel , Wong Lucio Pamela , Arévalo Mora Amy , Almeida Sacoto Vanesa , Chiquito Freile Camila
Published: May 2019

Introducción: Las lesiones neoplásicas de la nariz necesitan una resolución con resultado estético satisfactorio. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una descripción del lugar en donde se ubicaron las lesiones y los tipos de colgajos más utilizados. Métodos: El presente estudio descriptivo fue realizado en pacientes intervenidos en el 2013 por reconstrucción nasal secundaria exéresis tumoral en Solca-Guayaquil. Se describe la localización de la lesión y la técnica. La muestra fue incidental. Para la descripción se dividió la nariz en 3 zonas: proximal (Z1), media (Z2) y distal (Z3). Las lesiones con >1 zona fueron “defectos complejos”. Las Z1 y Z2 fueron divididas en subunidades (SU) central y lateral. La Z3 fue dividida en SU: alar, domo-alar, de domo, central, columelar y de base nasal. Los defectos con >1 SU fueron combinados. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 96 casos, 60 mujeres. 14 defectos (14.6 %) en Z1, 16 defectos (16.7%) en Z2, 50 casos (52 %) en Z3 y 16 defectos complejos (16.7 %). El colgajo frontal (CF) 21 casos (21.88 %), el colgajo avance V-Y (AV-Y) 19 casos (19.79 %) y el colgajo nasolabial (CNL) 15 casos (15.63 %). En Z1, la SU- central se utilizaron los colgajos glabelar (CG), AV-Y y colgajo en Mitra (CM); en la SU- lateral se utilizaron el CG y AV-Y con más frecuencia. En la Z2, la SU- central se utilizaron los CM y el cierre directo (CD); en la SU- lateral se utilizaron el CD, CM, AV-Y y CNL. En la Z3 se utilizaron CNL, AV-Y y colgajos bilobulados. El colgajo frontal fue usado en los defectos complejos y combinados. Conclusión: La SU-Alar y la SU del Surco Domal Alar de la Z3, fueron las áreas más prevalentes. Las técnicas quirúrgicas más utilizadas fueron, el colgajo frontal, el AV-Y y el CNL.
Una mirada crítica sobre los estilos de liderazgo en las organizaciones contemporáneas
Authors: Colina Ysea Félix , Martínez Sirit Alfredo
Published: May 2019

El siguiente trabajo aborda una revisión crítica sobre distintas propuestas de liderazgo contemporáneas aplicadas especialmente a las organizaciones y al pensamiento estratégico. Se utiliza un enfoque cualitativo de investigación documental haciendo uso de la hermenéutica para comprender e interpretar los significados. Se concluye que el liderazgo en el siglo XXI debe apostar por romper los paradigmas individualistas y horizontales, a fin de conseguir una mayor efectividad y sinergia organizacional.
Las personas y las organizaciones: el equilibrio laboral
Authors: Guanipa Ramírez Luis Francisco
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad mostrar el equilibrio que debe existir entre los objetivos organizacionales y las metas personales para que una organización funcione de forma exitosa, es decir, que cuenta con el compromiso de sus socios, introduce cambios pertinentes, tiene un buen clima organizacional y está a la vanguardia en la producción. Por lo que es de vital importancia saber administrar con los talentos presentes en la organización, además de concebir las organizaciones como sistemas complejos abiertos. Se presentan algunas de las exigencias que la sociedad actual presenta a las empresas. Y, finalmente, se trata el tema del trabajo individual y el trabajo en equipo como la clave del éxito de la organización.
La era de la perplejidad. Repensar el mundo que conocíamos por BBVA Open Mind
Authors: Colina Ysea Félix
Published: May 2019

El ser humano, como ser biopsicosocial-espiritual-ecológico ceñido a un contexto social, enfrenta los desafíos del mundo contemporáneo, en donde el caos, la incertidumbre, la complejidad, la perplejidad, la degradación de los principios morales, la crisis en la economía mundial, la era de la tecnología de la información y comunicación se apoderan de los espacios de convivencia humana, trascendiendo las estructuras sociales, posesionándose en el plano ontológico del ser, tributando en el desorden sociocognitivo, en el estallido planetario de movimientos socioculturales y en la vulnerabilidad humana
ANALISIS FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL BISNIS YANG MEMPENGARUHI DAYA SAING UKM SONGKOK KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Narto Narto
Published: May 2019

One of the supporters of the growth of the Indonesian economy is the small and medium business sector. To increase contributions to national economic growth, SMEs must play an active role in business development to improve competitiveness. SME development must consider internal and external factors as the basis for determining strategies so that they can make a significant contribution in accelerating economic improvement. UKM Songkok Gresik has great potential in improving the economy of the surrounding community. Some of the obstacles faced include the difficulty of procuring raw materials and uncertain market conditions which greatly affect the existence of SME Songkok Gresik. This study aims to determine internal and external factors that affect competitiveness of small and medium enterprises making Songkok in Gresik Regency. The results of the study show that external factors which include economic aspects, the role of related institutions directly influence the internal factors of Songkok SMEs with the path coefficient value of 6.348. Where the economy is increasing, especially the surrounding community and the social sector, the role of relevant institutions in providing assistance in the procurement of business capital, production equipment, and marketing systems. External factors directly influence the competitiveness of Songkok Gresik SMEs with a path coefficient value of 2.883. Increase the growth of product sales, the growth in the number of workers so that they can absorb human resources around Songkok SMEs, market growth by expanding market segments that are owned so as to increase revenue growth.
Feed Value of Barn-Dried Hays from Permanent Grassland: A Comparison with Fresh Forage
Authors: Andueza Donato , Picard Fabienne , Pradel Philippe , Theodoridou Katerina
Published: May 2019

In mountain areas, hays are the main forage in winter diets for livestock. Barn-dried hays can be an alternative to traditional hays, which are generally characterized by a low feed value. The aim of this study was to compare the feed value of barn-dried hays with that of the fresh forage from a permanent meadow. The study was carried out over three periods during the first growth cycle of the meadow’s vegetation (from 30 May to 3 June, from 13 to 17 June, and from 27 June to 1 July). Fresh forage and barn-dried hays of the same fresh forages were tested for dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and voluntary intake (VI). Both types of forage obtained each period were tested with an interval of 15 days. Chemical composition and OMD of forages did not change (p > 0.05) according to the feeding method. However, the DMD values for barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than for fresh forages at the end of the cycle. VI and digestible organic matter intake of barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than that of fresh forages. In conclusion, barn-dried hays obtained from permanent grasslands presented a higher feed value than fresh forages.
The Frequency of Errors in Determining Age Based on Selected Features of the Incisors of Icelandic Horses
Authors: Łuszczyński Jarosław , Pieszka Magdalena , Petrych Weronika , Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika
Published: May 2019

The structure and changes occurring to horses’ teeth during ontogeny are not only used to assess the degree of somatic maturity but also the development of universal patterns and is therefore used to determine the age of horses. Research shows that methods of assessing the age of horses based on the appearance of teeth tend to suffer from relatively large errors. This is probably influenced by the results of intensive selection and being kept in living conditions that differ substantially from their natural environment. This study aimed to assess the suitability of selected features of the incisors to determine the age of Icelandic horses. One hundred and twenty-six Icelandic horses (78 mares and 48 stallions) of different ages (range: 0–24 years; groups: 0–2 years, >2–5 years, >5–11 years, and >11 years) were examined by an experienced horse person who was blinded to the actual age of the horse and did not know which age group horses were in. Age was determined by the inspection of each horse’s teeth and was compared to the actual age of the horse recorded in the breeding documentation, and the percentage of mistakes made regarding the age group was calculated. The estimated age did not match the real age in 36.5% of the horses. The age was more often underestimated (19.0%) by, on average, 0.9 ± 1.0 years than overestimated (17.5%) by, on average, 1.3 ± 1.4 years. Within age groups, the least number of errors in determining age were made in young horses aged 0–2 years, when the eruption and growing of the deciduous incisors and the disappearance of the cups was considered. The average percentage of errors in this group (2.1%) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than for older horses, whose age was estimated based on the exchange of deciduous to permanent teeth (55.8%), disappearance of the cups (68.0%), and shape changes on the grinding surface (40.0%). Significantly more frequent underestimation of age based on replacing deciduous for permanent incisors and significantly more frequent overestimation of age on the basis of the disappearance of the cup may indicate that Icelandic horses up to 5 years of age are characterized by a slower rate of growth than horses of other breeds, especially warmblood horses. These results suggest that patterns used to determine the real age of horses based on changes occurring on the incisors should be modified in order to consider the specificity of the course of growth and maturation processes of horses of various types and breeds.
A Sparse Neural Network Based Control Structure Optimization Game under DoS Attacks for DES Frequency Regulation of Power Grid
Authors: Sun Jian , Qi Guanqiu , Zhu Zhiqin
Published: May 2019

With the rapid growth of distributed energy sources, power grid has become a flexible and complex networked control system. However, it increases the chances of being a denial-of-service attack, which degrades the performance of the power grid, even causing cascading failures. To mitigate negative effects from denial-of-service attack and enhance the reliability of the power grid, we propose a networked control system structure based optimization scheme that is derived from a Stackelberg game model for the frequency regulation of a power grid with distributed energy sources. In the proposed game model, both denial-of-service attacker and control system designer as a defender are considered without using any analytical model. For defenders, we propose a sparse neural network based DES control and system structure design scheme. The neural network is used to approximate the desired control output and reinforce signals for the improvements of short- and long-term performance. It also introduces the sparse regulation of column grouping in the neural network learning process to explore the structure of control system that involves the placement of sensor, distributed energy sources actuator, and communication topology. For denial-of-service attackers, the related attack constraints and attack rewards are established. The solution of game equilibrium is considered as an optimal solution for both denial-of-service attack strategy and control structure. An offline optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the game equilibrium. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified by two cases, which illustrate the optimal solutions of both control structure and denial-of-service attack strategy.
Mode-Selective Photonic Lanterns for Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing
Authors: Li Yan , Li Yang , Feng Lipeng , Yang Chen , Li Wei , Qiu Jifang , Hong Xiaobin , Zuo Yong , Guo Hongxiang , Tong Weijun , Wu Jian
Published: May 2019

We analyze the mode evolution in mode-selective photonic lanterns with respect to taper lengths, affected by possible mode phase differences varying along the taper. As a result, we design a three-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode-selective photonic lantern by optimizing the taper length with mode crosstalk below −24 dB, which employs only one single mode fiber port to selectively generate one OAM mode.
The Antifungal Potential of Carvacrol against Penicillium Digitatum through 1H-NMR Based Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Wan Chunpeng , Shen Yuting , Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Qi Wenwen , Chen Chuying , Chen Jinyin
Published: May 2019

Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol), a volatile oil constituent, mainly exists in Labiaceae family plants. Carvacrol has long been studied for its natural antifungal potential and food preservative potential. However, its exact mode of action, especially against Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum), remains unexplored. Herein, a 1H-NMR-based metabolomic technique was used to investigate the antifungal mechanism of carvacrol against P. digitatum. The metabolomic profiling data showed that alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism were imbalanced in the fungal hyphae. A strong positive correlation was seen between aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and glutamine, with a negative correlation among glutathione and lactate. These metabolic changes revealed that carvacrol-induced oxidative stress had disturbed the energy production and amino acid metabolism of P. digitatum. The current study will improve the understanding of the metabolic changes posed by plant-based fungicides in order to control citrus fruit green mold caused by P. digitatum. Moreover, the study will provide a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of novel citrus fruit preservatives.
Gels of Amyloid Fibers
Authors: Wang Ruizhi , Yang Xiaojing , Cui Lingwen , Yin Hang , Xu Shaohua
Published: May 2019

Protein self-assembly and formation of amyloid fibers is an early event of numerous human diseases. Continuous aggregation of amyloid fibers in vitro produces biogels, which led us to suspect that amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease are of biogels in nature. We applied atomic force microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry to elucidate the gel’s structure, kinetics of gel formation, and melting point. We found that (1) lysozyme gelation occurs when the protein concentration is above 5 mg/mL; (2) nonfibrous protein concentration decreases and plateaus after three days of gel synthesis reaction; (3) colloidal lysozyme aggregates are detectable by both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC); (4) the gels are a three-dimensional (3D) network crosslinked by fibers coiling around each other; (5) the gels have a high melting point at around around 110 °C, which is weakly dependent on protein concentration; (6) the gels are conductive under an electric field, and (7) they form faster in the presence than in the absence of salt in the reaction buffer. The potential role of the gels formed by amyloid fibers in amyloidosis, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease was thoroughly discussed, as gels with increased viscosity, are known to restrict bulk flow and then circulation of ions and molecules.
Functional Interaction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha and Autophagy Mediates Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Saint-Martin Abril , Martínez-Ríos Jacobo , Castañeda-Patlán M. Cristina , Sarabia-Sánchez Miguel Angel , Tejeda-Muñoz Nydia , Chinney-Herrera Alberto , Soldevila Gloria , Benelli Roberto , Santoyo-Ramos Paula , Poggi Alessandro , Robles-Flores Martha
Published: May 2019

Hypoxia and the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in tumors have been associated with therapeutic resistance and with autophagy establishment. We examined the effects of stable knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression on autophagy and drug resistance in colon cancer cells. We found that under normoxic conditions, malignant cells exhibit increased basal levels of autophagy, compared with non-malignant cells, in addition to the previously reported coexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression resulted in increased autophagic and apoptotic cell death, indicating that the survival of cells is HIF-dependent. Cytotoxic-induced cell death was significantly increased by knockdown of HIFs but not by autophagy inhibition. Strikingly, although malignancy-resistant cells were sensitized to death by nutrient stress, the combination with HIF-2α depletion, but not with HIF-1α depletion, induced severe cell death. Oxidative stress levels were significantly increased as a result of HIF-2α specific inhibition or silencing suggesting that this may contribute to sensitize cells to death. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We found that coordinated autophagy and mTOR inhibition enhanced cell death and induced tumor remission only in HIF-2α-silenced cells. Finally, using a specific HIF-2α inhibitor alone or in combination with drugs in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells, overcame their resistance to 5-FU or CCI-779, thus emphasizing the crucial role played by HIF-2α in promoting resistance and cell survival.
Semaphorin-7A on Exosomes: A Promigratory Signal in the Glioma Microenvironment
Authors: Manini Ivana , Ruaro Maria Elisabetta , Sgarra Riccardo , Bartolini Anna , Caponnetto Federica , Ius Tamara , Skrap Miran , Di Loreto Carla , Beltrami Antonio Paolo , Manfioletti Guidalberto , Cesselli Daniela
Published: May 2019

Exosomes are one of the most important mediators of the cross talk occurring between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the surrounding microenvironment. We have previously shown that exosomes released by patient-derived glioma-associated stem cells (GASC) are able to increase, in vitro, the aggressiveness of both GSC and glioblastoma cell lines. To understand which molecules are responsible for this tumour-supporting function, we performed a descriptive proteomic analysis of GASC-exosomes and identified, among the others, Semaphorin7A (SEMA7A). SEMA7A was described as a promigratory cue in physiological and pathological conditions, and we hypothesised that it could modulate GSC migratory properties. Here, we described that SEMA7A is exposed on GASC-exosomes’ surface and signals to GSC through Integrin β1. This interaction activates focal adhesion kinase into GSC and increases their motility, in our patient-based in vitro model. Our findings suggest SEMA7A-β1-integrin as a new target to disrupt the communication between GSCs and the supporting microenvironment.
A Hybrid Prediction Method for Plant lncRNA-Protein Interaction
Authors: Wekesa Jael Sanyanda , Luan Yushi , Chen Ming , Meng Jun
Published: May 2019

Long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) identification and analysis are pervasive in transcriptome studies due to their roles in biological processes. In particular, lncRNA-protein interaction has plausible relevance to gene expression regulation and in cellular processes such as pathogen resistance in plants. While lncRNA-protein interaction has been studied in animals, there has yet to be extensive research in plants. In this paper, we propose a novel plant lncRNA-protein interaction prediction method, namely PLRPIM, which combines deep learning and shallow machine learning methods. The selection of an optimal feature subset and subsequent efficient compression are significant challenges for deep learning models. The proposed method adopts k-mer and extracts high-level abstraction sequence-based features using stacked sparse autoencoder. Based on the extracted features, the fusion of random forest (RF) and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) is used to build the prediction model. The performances are evaluated on Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays datasets. Results from experiments demonstrate PLRPIM’s superiority compared with other prediction tools on the two datasets. Based on 5-fold cross-validation, we obtain 89.98% and 93.44% accuracy, 0.954 and 0.982 AUC for Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays, respectively. PLRPIM predicts potential lncRNA-protein interaction pairs effectively, which can facilitate lncRNA related research including function prediction.
Compatibility of Small Team Personalities in Computer-Based Tasks
Authors: Antoniou Angeliki
Published: May 2019

There are works that study personality and task performance but there are no (or very few works) that study the balancing of personalities within teams that work together towards a common goal in computer-based tasks. This study investigates how personality compatibility in collaborative tasks affects performance, intra-group communication and participants’ emotions for computer-based tasks and introduces the challenges for research in this field. Using the DISC (dominance, inducement/influence, submission/steadiness, compliance) tool for personality assessment and team compatibility, 12 teams were created with either balanced or imbalanced personality compositions. Results showed statistical differences in emotions between the two experimental conditions and also differences in terms of time needed for the completion of the game. The present work showed the qualitative differences between cooperative tasks and revealed the challenges of studying further team compatibility for different tasks.
Influences of TiAlN Coating on Cutting Temperature during Orthogonal Machining H13 Hardened Steel
Authors: Hao Guangchao , Liu Zhanqiang , Liang Xiaoliang , Zhao Jinfu
Published: May 2019

TiAlN has been widely used in cutting tool coating due to its excellent mechanical and thermal performances. However, the research on the TiAlN coating effect on cutting temperature is not comprehensive enough. In this paper, the friction tests at elevated temperature and hard machining H13 hardened steel tests are conducted by using TiAlN coated tools and uncoated tools, respectively. The results of using TiAlN coated tools are compared with those from using uncoated tools. It is found that the coefficient of friction (COF) between TiAlN coated tool and H13 hardened steel is reduced to 0.63 at 800 °C. The COF value is 0.75 for uncoated tool. Under the same cutting conditions, the TiAlN coating shortens tool-chip contact length. The tangential cutting forces and cutting zone temperatures are decreased with smaller COF and shorter tool-chip contact length. Due to the lower thermal conductivities of TiAlN coating and the Al2O3 oxide layer formatted at tool rake face, the cutting heat conducted into cutting tool substrate was reduced. The cutting temperatures in TiAlN coated tool substrate are decreased by at least 10.68% in this study. The TiAlN coating reduces the cutting temperature by decreasing the cutting heat generation and conduction.
Regionalization of Daily Soil Moisture Dynamics Using Wavelet-Based Multiscale Entropy and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Niu Jun
Published: May 2019

Hydrological regionalization is a useful step in hydrological modeling and prediction. The regionalization is not always straightforward, however, due to the lack of long-term hydrological data and the complex multi-scale variability features embedded in the data. This study examines the multiscale soil moisture variability for the simulated data on a grid cell base obtained from a large-scale hydrological model, and clusters the grid-cell based soil moisture data using wavelet-based multiscale entropy and principal component analysis, over the Xijiang River basin in South China, for the period of 2002–2010. The effective regionalization, for 169 grid cells with the special resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, produced homogeneous groups based on the pattern of wavelet-based entropy information. Four distinct modes explain 80.14% of the total embedded variability of the transformed wavelet power across different timescales. Moreover, the possible implications of the regionalization results for local hydrological applications, such as parameter estimation for an ungagged catchment and designing a uniform prediction strategy for a sub-area in a large-scale basin, are discussed.
Secondary School Students and Internet Forums—A Survey of Student Views Contrasted with an Analysis of Internet Forum Posts
Authors: Dittmar Johanna , Eilks Ingo
Published: May 2019

Students today are increasingly engaged in the use of digital information and communication technologies. The Internet continues to grow and more and more young people are using it worldwide. Educational practices, however, have been slow to adapt to the corresponding developments. For example, Internet forums are generally ignored in most educational practices, including chemistry education, although they are often used to find new information by everyday people. The question therefore arises: Why are such media not used to provoke and promote science or chemistry teaching and learning, while simultaneously developing critical scientific media literacy? To understand how the younger generation learns via Internet forums, this article looks at a survey of Internet forum usage behavior by lower and upper secondary school students (age range 12–17) in relation to chemistry-specific content. The findings are then contrasted with an analysis of user behavior. The final analysis revealed that students are open and critical when using Internet forums, even though such learning is mostly unconnected to formal education. These results can inform science and chemistry teaching by focusing teaching and learning more on Internet forums in order to employ them as an educational medium in science class.
Fuzzy Optimized MFAC Based on ADRC in AUV Heading Control
Authors: Li Hongjia , He Bo , Yin Qingqing , Mu Xiaokai , Zhang Jiaming , Wan Junhe , Wang Dianrui , Shen Yue
Published: May 2019

The control issue of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) is very challenging since the precise mathematical model of AUV is hard to establish due to its strong coupling and time-varying features. Meanwhile, AUV movement is easily interfered with by ocean currents and waves, causing anti-interference performance of traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control to be unsatisfactory. Aiming to solve those problems, an algorithm of fuzzy optimized model-free adaptive control (MFAC) based on auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) was proposed and used in AUV heading control. The MFAC is used to overcome the difficulty with establishing a precise mathematical model, and the ADRC is introduced to handle the interference of currents and waves. In this paper, MFAC and ADRC are combined. First, the MFAC is performed based only on the I/O data of the controlled object, which is simple to implement with low calculation complexity and strong robustness. Then, a tracking differentiator (TD) is employed to track the input signal to overcome the antinomy of rapidity and hypertonicity in MFAC. After that, an extended-state observer (ESO) is added to control the variables of MFAC to estimate all the disturbances, which can greatly improve the anti-interference ability of the system. Due to the complexity and diversity of the marine environment, a fuzzy optimized MFAC based on ADRC is proposed to improve the adaptability of AUV to the marine environment. Simulations and experiments were carried out to verify the control effect of this algorithm in complex sea conditions.
Mapping Coarse Woody Debris with Random Forest Classification of Centimetric Aerial Imagery
Authors: Lopes Queiroz Gustavo , McDermid Gregory J. , Castilla Guillermo , Linke Julia , Rahman Mir Mustafizur
Published: May 2019

Coarse woody debris (CWD; large parts of dead trees) is a vital element of forest ecosystems, playing an important role in nutrient cycling, carbon storage, fire fuel, microhabitats, and overall forest structure. However, there is a lack of effective tools for identifying and mapping both standing (snags) and downed (logs) CWD in complex natural settings. We applied a random forest machine learning classifier to detect CWD in centimetric aerial imagery acquired over a 270-hectare study area in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. We used a geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) approach in the classification with spectral, spatial, and LiDAR (light detection and ranging)-derived height predictor variables. We found CWD to be detected with great accuracy (93.4 ± 4.2% completeness and 94.5 ± 3.2% correctness) when training samples were located within the application area, and with very good accuracy (84.2 ± 5.2% completeness and 92.2 ± 3.2% correctness) when training samples were located outside the application area. The addition of LiDAR-derived variables did not increase the accuracy of CWD detection overall (<2%), but aided significantly (p < 0.001) in the distinction between logs and snags. Foresters and researchers interested in CWD can take advantage of these novel methods to produce accurate maps of logs and snags, which will contribute to the understanding and management of forest ecosystems.
Reassimilation of Leaf Internal CO2 Contributes to Isoprene Emission in the Neotropical Species Inga edulis Mart.
Authors: Garcia Sabrina , Jardine Kolby , Souza Vinicius , Souza Rodrigo , Duvoisin Junior Sergio , Gonçalves José
Published: May 2019

Isoprene (C5H8) is a hydrocarbon gas emitted by many tree species and has been shown to protect photosynthesis under abiotic stress. Under optimal conditions for photosynthesis, ~70%–90% of carbon used for isoprene biosynthesis is produced from recently assimilated atmospheric CO2. While the contribution of alternative carbon sources that increase with leaf temperature and other stresses have been demonstrated, uncertainties remain regarding the biochemical source(s) of isoprene carbon. In this study, we investigated leaf isoprene emissions (Is) from neotropical species Inga edulis Mart. as a function of light and temperature under ambient (450 µmol m−2 s−1) and CO2-free (0 µmol m−2 s−1) atmosphere. Is under CO2-free atmosphere showed light-dependent emission patterns similar to those observed under ambient CO2, but with lower light saturation point. Leaves treated with the photosynthesis inhibitor DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) failed to produce detectable Is in normal light under a CO2-free atmosphere. While strong temperature-dependent Is were observed under CO2-free atmosphere in the light, dark conditions failed to produce detectable Is even at the highest temperatures studied (40 °C). Treatment of leaves with 13C-labeled sodium bicarbonate under CO2-free atmosphere resulted in Is with over 50% containing at least one 13C atom. Is under CO2-free atmosphere and standard conditions of light and leaf temperature represented 19% ± 7% of emissions under ambient CO2. The results show that the reassimilation of leaf internal CO2 contributes to Is in the neotropical species I. edulis. Through the consumption of excess photosynthetic energy, our results support a role of isoprene biosynthesis, together with photorespiration, as a key tolerance mechanism against high temperature and high light in the tropics.
The Impacts of Native Forests and Forest Plantations on Water Supply in Chile
Authors: Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Lara Antonio , Boisier Juan Pablo , Galleguillos Mauricio
Published: May 2019

Over the past 40 years, south-central Chile has experienced important land-use-induced land cover changes, with massive conversion from native forests (NF) to Pinus radiata D.Don and Eucalyptus spp. exotic forest plantations (FP). Several case studies have related this conversion to a reduction in water supply within small catchments (<100 ha). In this work, we explore the impacts of NF and FP on streamflow by using a large-sample catchment dataset recently developed for Chile. We select 25 large forested catchments (>20,000 ha) in south-central Chile (35° S–41° S), analyze their land cover and precipitation spatial distributions, and fit a regression model to quantify the influence of NF, FP, grassland (GRA) and shrubland (SHR) partitions on annual runoff. To assess potential effects of land cover changes on water supply, we use the fitted model (R2 = 0.84) in synthetic experiments where NF, GRA and SHR covers within the catchments are replaced by patches of FP. We show that annual runoff consistently decreases with increments of FP, although the magnitude of the change (ranging from 2.2% to 7.2% mean annual runoff decrease for 10,000 ha increment in FP) depends on several factors, including the initial land cover partition within the basin, the replaced land cover class, the area of the catchment, and the type of catchment (drier or humid). Finally, in the context of the mitigation strategies pledged in the Chilean NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions defined after the Paris Agreement), which include the afforestation of 100,000 ha (mainly native forest) by 2030, we quantify the impacts on water supply due to the afforestation of 100,000 ha with different combinations of NF and FP. We show that annual runoff is highly sensitive to the relative area of FP to NF: ratios of FP to NF areas of 10%, 50% and 90% would lead to 3%, −18% and −40% changes in mean annual runoff, respectively. Our results can be used in the discussion of public policies and decision-making involving forests and land cover changes, as they provide scientifically-based tools to quantify expected impacts on water resources. In particular, this knowledge is relevant for decision making regarding mitigation strategies pledged in the Chilean NDC.
Characterizing the Dynamic Textural Properties of Hydrocolloids in Pureed Foods—A Comparison Between TDS and TCATA
Authors: Sharma Madhu , Duizer Lisa
Published: May 2019

Pureed foods, a compensatory diet for dysphagia, require the incorporation of hydrocolloids in order to be swallowed safely. The effect of hydrocolloid addition on textural dynamics of pureed foods has not yet been investigated. Starch and xanthan were added to levels that allowed products to meet the criteria of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative. Nine pureed carrot matrices made with two concentrations of starch, xanthan, and their blends were characterized for textural evolution using two dynamic sensory techniques: Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) and Temporal Check-All-That-Apply (TCATA). Each test, with four replications, was conducted with 16 panelists. Results indicate that purees were divided into two groups based on sensory responses––grainy and smooth were the primary differentiating attributes for these two groups. Grainy was associated with starch-added samples, while samples with xanthan (alone and in blends) were smooth and slippery. For both groups, thickness was perceived during the first half of processing, adhesiveness in the second half of oral processing, and mouthcoating was perceived toward the end of processing. A comparison of results from these tests showed that both TDS and TCATA gave similar information about texture dynamics and product differentiation of pureed foods.
Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
Authors: Mao Qian-Qian , Xu Xiao-Yu , Cao Shi-Yu , Gan Ren-You , Corke Harold , Beta Trust , Li Hua-Bin
Published: May 2019

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a common and widely used spice. It is rich in various chemical constituents, including phenolic compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, lipids, organic acids, and raw fibers. The health benefits of ginger are mainly attributed to its phenolic compounds, such as gingerols and shogaols. Accumulated investigations have demonstrated that ginger possesses multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, respiratory protective, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger, and the mechanisms of action are also discussed. We hope that this updated review paper will attract more attention to ginger and its further applications, including its potential to be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and management of chronic diseases.
Genome Analysis of Hypomyces perniciosus, the Causal Agent of Wet Bubble Disease of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Li Dan , Sossah Frederick Leo , Sun Lei , Fu Yongping , Li Yu
Published: May 2019

The mycoparasitic fungus Hypomyces perniciosus causes wet bubble disease of mushrooms, particularly Agaricus bisporus. The genome of a highly virulent strain of H. perniciosus HP10 was sequenced and compared to three other fungi from the order Hypocreales that cause disease on A. bisporus. H. perniciosus genome is ~44 Mb, encodes 10,077 genes and enriched with transposable elements up to 25.3%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H. perniciosus is closely related to Cladobotryum protrusum and diverged from their common ancestor ~156.7 million years ago. H. perniciosus has few secreted proteins compared to C. protrusum and Trichoderma virens, but significantly expanded protein families of transporters, protein kinases, CAZymes (GH 18), peptidases, cytochrome P450, and SMs that are essential for mycoparasitism and adaptation to harsh environments. This study provides insights into H. perniciosus evolution and pathogenesis and will contribute to the development of effective disease management strategies to control wet bubble disease.
Self-Assessment of Preparedness among Critical Care Trainees Transitioning from Fellowship to Practice
Authors: Watkins Laura , DiMeglio Matthew , Laudanski Krzysztof
Published: May 2019

This study evaluated the subjective assessment of preparedness needs of critical care trainees and recent graduates between 2013 and 2014. A questionnaire was developed and validated by the subcommittee of the In-Training Section of Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). The survey was deployed twice between December 2013 and January 2014 via email to any trainee or individual graduated from a critical care fellowship within the previous three years. Six percent (180) of all individuals completed the survey, and 67% of respondents had recently interviewed for a job. Northeast was the preferred location for a job (47%), and academia was favored over private practice (80% vs. 15%). Of the respondents that secured an interview, 55% felt prepared for the interview, 67% felt prepared to build an adequate job portfolio, 33% received formal guidance from their mentor/training program. 89% of total respondents agreed it is important to participate in a formal training course in job search, portfolio development, and interviewing process. The preferred sources of training were equally distributed between their home institution, webinars, and SCCM. There is an ongoing need in education regarding the transition period from fellowship to practice.
ArcheoGIS for the Roman Thermal Bath of Sofiana: Informative Support for a Digital Restoration
Authors: Fiandaca Ornella , Salvo Giuseppina
Published: May 2019

In connection to the vast archaeological area of Sofiana, which is still periodically subjected to excavation campaigns, the investigated thermal complex represents the first emersion that occurred in the 1950s and testifies to all the limits of a premature methodological acquisition of both the documentation for cognition as well as the interventions of detection and restoration. This zone, considered by archaeologists as a concluded episode, was used by us as a test bench for a method of investigation from which to start again in order to supply missing information. We set aside all the information acquired over time with other traditional and innovative tools and visions and used a more accurate dimensional geometric survey with a laser scanner, a typological analysis confronted with similar experiences, and a constructive technical study enriched with diagnostic investigations, to provide new data to be collected and processed. Thus, a geographic information system (GIS) platform was chosen as an information technology (IT) tool to contain direct information and data processing. The outcomes of ArcheoGIS were used to derive the initial answers to the questions we asked ourselves, namely, how can the constantly evolving knowledge of this archaeological find be spread and what path can be taken to propose philological restorations of the portions of Sofiana to which a correct virtual disassembly is feasible?
Gender-Specific Differences in Concentrations of Biochemical Parameters in Persons over the Age of 90
Authors: Zabielska Paulina , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Gutowska Izabela , Lubkowska Anna , Knyszyńska Anna , Jurczak Anna
Published: May 2019

The ageing process is a phenomenon leading to an emergence of a web of interrelated biological processes producing significant changes in the human body. The aim of the paper was to analyse gender-specific differences with regard to selected biochemical parameters in longevity. The study was conducted in Poland in 2017. The study population comprised of long-lived individuals, both living at home and staying at residential care homes. There were 90 people of both genders (69 women and 21 men) aged between 90 and 103 years (mean = 92.36; SD = 2.98). The biochemical markers of longevity in the studied patients were identified by assessing their pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status in various metabolic aspects. The analysis of biochemical variables revealed numerous statistically significant differences, both in the study group as a whole and between the genders. The ageing process is extremely complex, but understanding it will allow for a real intervention in life extension. Research into the processes involved in ageing and longevity will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for them, and to enjoy those processes in good health.