bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of CYP‐Mediated Metabolism of Fezolinetant and Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Fezolinetant and Fluvoxamine in Healthy Postmenopausal Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: Iwai Megumi , Nielsen Jace , Miyagawa Mayuko , Patton Melanie , Bonate Peter L. , Wang Xuegong , Wojtkowski Tomasz , Sinn Angela , Huang Jiayin
Published: November 2024

Fezolinetant is an oral, nonhormonal, neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist treatment option for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. An in vitro study using human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and human liver microsomes showed that fezolinetant is metabolized to its major but inactive metabolite, ES259564, predominantly through CYP1A2, with minor contributions from CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. The clinical impact of CYP1A2 inhibition and induction on single‐dose pharmacokinetics of fezolinetant was assessed in an open‐label, single‐sequence, phase 1 study in healthy postmenopausal women, where the impact of fluvoxamine, a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, and smoking, a moderate CYP1A2 inducer, were evaluated. In total, 18 participants, 9 of whom were smokers, were enrolled. Fezolinetant pharmacokinetics were evaluated after a single 30‐mg dose on Day 1 and Day 7. Fluvoxamine 50 mg was administered as a single dose on Days 3 and 10 and twice daily from Days 4 to 9. Fluvoxamine increased geometric mean ratio of fezolinetant maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve from time of dosing extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) to 182% and 939%, respectively, while ES259564 Cmax decreased to 20.1% with no significant change in AUC. In smokers versus nonsmokers, when fezolinetant was administered alone, fezolinetant Cmax and AUCinf decreased to 71.7% and 48.3%, respectively, while ES259564 Cmax increased to 130.2% and AUCinf decreased to 81.8%. A single oral 30‐mg dose of fezolinetant was considered safe and well tolerated when co‐administered with fluvoxamine in healthy postmenopausal women.
Effect of non‐ionic frothers on bubble characteristics in flotation: a review
Authors: Pan Gaochao , Gao Zhonglin , Zhu Hongzheng , Yin Jianqiang , Shi Qinhui , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2024

The properties and synthesis of frothers have been the subject of scientific research for over a century owing to their extensive use in various industries. Given that the characteristics of bubbles are dependent on the nature of frother, such as in flotation slime, it is crucial to control the dosage of frother to achieve optimal effects. Excessive dosage leads to reagent waste whereas insufficient dosage results in resource waste, both hindering carbon emission reduction efforts. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing literature regarding the impact of frothers on bubble behavior. The available literature demonstrates that the bubble size and velocity decrease as frother concentration increases. The underlying reasons for this phenomenon are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the relationship between bubble characteristics and hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) of frothers is examined. Finally, a correlation between bubble energy at critical coalescence concentration and HLB is established. These valuable insights for further investigation into frother properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Ultrasound Imaging for Preoperative Assessment of Schwannomas in the Palm: A Case Report
Authors: Chang Chia‐Sung , Huang Shih‐Chiang , Li Yung‐Lun , Hsieh Lin‐Fen
Published: November 2024

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the hand are rare occurrences. Among them, schwannomas are benign tumors originating from peripheral nerves. In this case report, we presented a patient with schwannomas in the palm, examined using ultrasound for preoperative assessment and was confirmed by pathological specimen. By highlighting the utility of ultrasound in detecting this condition, we aimed to enrich existing literature and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.
The effects of simultaneous point gains and losses on human persistence
Authors: de Méo Luiz André Connor , Tsutsumi Myenne Mieko Ayres , de Lemos Luis Humbert Andrade , da Silva Neto José Martins , da Silva Vinícius Kojicowski , Suemi Gomes Shirakwa Juliana , dos Santos Julia Rocker , Ramos Guilherme Alcantara
Published: November 2024

Four experiments assessed the effects of simultaneous point gains and losses on human responding on a moving response button. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of point loss arranged in variable‐time (VT) and variable‐interval (VI) schedules on persistence. For that purpose, a multiple schedule was in force. One component had point gains only, and the other had point gains and losses. The net reinforcement rate was equated across components by arranging greater point gains in the gains‐plus‐losses component. Increases in the speed of the moving response button disrupted responding during test sessions. No differential persistence between point‐gains and point‐gains‐and‐loss conditions was observed during Experiments 1 and 2. To ensure that point losses could function as punishers, Experiments 3 and 4 compared the effects of point loss arranged in fixed‐ratio (FR) or VI schedules on response rate and persistence. The FR and VI point loss decreased the response rate during Experiment 3 but did not produce differential persistence in Experiment 4. These results suggest that point loss decreases response rate but does not weaken persistence more than gains strengthen persistence.
Discrimination of highly similar stimuli as members of different equivalence classes
Authors: Ayres‐Pereira Vanessa , de Souza Deisy , Arntzen Erik
Published: November 2024

Learning to discriminate between physically similar stimuli as members of different classes can be relevant in certain situations. This study investigated effective methods of displaying two pairs of quasi‐identical stimuli, as samples and/or comparisons, during the training of baseline conditional discriminations. The goal was to enable participants to form three 3‐member equivalence classes and discriminate similar stimuli as members of distinct equivalence classes. Eighteen adults underwent arbitrary relations (AB/AC) training. A multiple‐probe design assessed maintenance and emergence of stimulus relations. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six training conditions across three experiments. Conditions 1, 2, and 5 presented quasi‐identical stimuli successively as samples during training. Condition 3 presented quasi‐identical stimuli successively as comparisons, whereas Condition 4 presented quasi‐identical stimuli simultaneously as comparisons. Condition 6 presented each pair of quasi‐identical stimuli simultaneously as a sample and a comparison. Condition 4 uniquely resulted in successful equivalence class formation for all participants. Conditions 3 and 6 failed to form equivalence classes, whereas Conditions 1, 2, and 5 did not yield baseline learning. These findings highlight the relevance of presenting quasi‐identical stimuli as simultaneous comparisons (Condition 4) to foster equivalence class formation. Understanding optimal training conditions has implications for discussions on the acquisition of simple discriminations required in training simultaneous conditional discriminations.
Extracellular vesicles containing SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins are associated with multi‐organ dysfunction and worse outcomes in patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: de Miguel‐Perez Diego , Arroyo‐Hernandez Marisol , La Salvia Sabrina , Gunasekaran Muthukumar , Pickering Edward M. , Avila Stephanie , Gebru Etse , Becerril‐Vargas Eduardo , Monraz‐Perez Sergio , Saharia Kapil , Grazioli Alison , McCurdy Michael T. , Frieman Matthew , Miorin Lisa , Russo Alessandro , Cardona Andrés F. , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Kaushal Sunjay , Hirsch Fred R. , Atanackovic Djordje , Sahoo Susmita , Arrieta Oscar , Rolfo Christian
Published: November 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and has been related to more than 7 million deaths globally since 2019. The association of high levels of IL‐6 with severe cases led to the early evaluation of the anti‐IL6 inhibitor tocilizumab as a potential treatment, which unfortunately failed to improve survival in many trials. Moreover, little is known about the development of COVID‐19 sequelae, and biomarkers are needed to understand and anticipate these processes. Because extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in viral infection and immune response, they could potentially serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. We isolated EVs from 39 patients with severe COVID‐19, from which 29 received tocilizumab and 10 were considered controls. Blood samples, which were collected at hospitalisation before treatment, at Day 7, and Day 15 during follow‐up, were assessed by immunoblot for longitudinal expression of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Dynamic expression was calculated and compared with clinicopathological and experimental variables. Expression of EV S was validated by immunogold and imaging flow‐cytometry, revealing an enrichment in CD9+ EVs. As a result, decreasing expression of EV viral proteins was observed in patients treated with tocilizumab. Moreover, higher increase in EV S was observed in patients with lower antibody response, hyperfibrinogenemia, lower respiratory function, higher blood pressure and shorter outcomes. These findings lay the foundation for future studies characterizing the role of EVs in multiorgan assessment and identifying biomarkers in patients with severe COVID‐19 and possible long COVID.
Mentoring experiences and career‐related outcomes of highly skilled migrant women in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Singh Jasvir Kaur Nachatar , Mutum Juliana
Published: November 2024

Mentoring is a powerful tool for career advancement. Highly skilled migrant women generally face employment barriers in Australia due to multilevel barriers, categorized into macro (Australian government visa policy), meso (discrimination at the workplace), and micro (individual factors) levels. However, limited studies have explored the mentoring lived experiences of highly skilled migrant women in developing their careers in the Australian labor market. Therefore, this research explores the mentoring experiences through conducting semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 27 highly skilled migrant women. The analysis identified three mentoring benefits: developing careers, gaining specialized skills, and fostering personal growth. Highly skilled migrant women were supported in their personal and professional careers through the mentoring sessions, whether in structured or unstructured conversations. These novel findings contribute to the migrant employment and career literature in terms of filling the empirical gap, as well as providing meso (managerial) and micro implications.
Effect of electro‐stimulated Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling quality, anti‐nutrients, and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage
Authors: Yang Tongyi , Zou Xinjue , Zhai Deli , Wang Xiujie , Guo Zechong , Hou Qirui , Zhao Weiguo , Zhao Mengdi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

There are few studies on the effects of electrically stimulated bacteria on anti‐nutritional factors and microbial communities in mulberry leaf silage. This study aimed to examine the impact of the combined use of electrically stimulated Bacillus subtilis (EB) and Lactobacillus casei (LC) on the quality and degradation of anti‐nutritional factors in mulberry leaf silage.

RESULTS

The results revealed that the synergistic effect of EB and LC significantly enhanced the nutritional value of mulberry leaves, as evidenced by the promotion of lactic acid synthesis, the reduction of anti‐nutritional factors, and the augmentation of lactic acid bacteria following a 60‐day silage period. Moreover, the EB + LC co‐inoculation resulted in the highest quality of mulberry leaf silage, with the degradation rates of tannin and phytic acid at 38.8% and 47.1%, respectively. The combination of EB + LC also enhanced lactic acid content, along with significant reductions in ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), soluble protein, and non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillus in the silage was significantly positively correlated with crude protein (CP) and lactic acid, while negatively correlated with water‐soluble carbohydrates, pH and NPN (P < 0.05). In contrast, Weissella was significantly negatively correlated with CP and lactic acid.

CONCLUSION

This study represents a pioneering application of electro‐stimulation in the field of feed silage, offering a scientifically substantiated approach to degrading anti‐nutritional factors in mulberry leaves for livestock feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Complications After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ‐ Can We Do Better?
Authors: Alberto V. Miguel E. , Zuluaga Daniela , Winter Axel , Pratschke Johann , Rau Beate , Gül Safak
Published: November 2024

The main aim of this review is to analyze postoperative complications after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Although the literature in this field is ever growing, reporting on complication is not a given. Nevertheless, some main risk factors such as prior surgery, high tumor burden and the center's expertize have an impact on patient outcomes. Transparency is key, if we want to continue to improve.
Primaquine Analysis in Pharmaceutical Formulation Using Multiple and Short‐End Injections by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis‐Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: de Souza Jéssica Cordeiro Queiroz , Chellini Paula Rocha , de Souza Marcus Vinícius Nora , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal
Published: November 2024

Novel methods were proposed for determining primaquine (PQN) in tablets by multiple‐injection capillary zone electrophoresis (MI‐CZE) and by short‐end injection CZE (SEI‐CZE), both with ultraviolet detection. The background electrolyte (BGE), consisting of 20 mmol/L of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 30 mmol/L of hydrochloric acid at pH 2.0, was selected considering a comprehensive study involving the effective mobility versus pH curves of the analytes and BGE components. Experimental designs were applied in methods developments, showing the chemometric tool's applicability in achieving suitable electrophoretic conditions. A baseline resolution in the separation of adjacent peak pairs was obtained by injecting a spacer electrolyte for 18 s, with a voltage of + 15 kV, and the sample can be injected six consecutive times in a single run in less than 3 min, in the MI‐CZE method. For the SEI‐CZE method, the migration time of PQN was 0.6 min, and the method was applied to a demonstrative forced degradation study. Some validation parameters were evaluated for both methods, and all results were satisfactory, indicating that they can be implemented as PQN determination methods in routine quality control analyses.
Active Gully Head Erosion Rates Characteristics on the Loess Plateau: InSAR‐Based Calculation and Response to Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Yuan Shaoqing , Fan Wen , Jiang Chengcheng , Chang Yupeng , Zheng Wenbo
Published: November 2024

Quantitative analysis and prediction of gully head erosion hold paramount importance for terrain evolution studies and risk mitigation effort. However, previous findings could not reconcile high temporal resolution with long time series coverage, particularly at the watershed scale. In this study, a calculation method for the active gully head erosion rate (AGHER) was proposed on the basis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology, thereby combining the historical climate data to estimate the annual AGHER. Additionally, we investigated the relative importance of extreme rainfall events on erosion rates. The results indicated that the long‐term annual AGHER in the study area ranged from 51.83 to 89.50 mm year−1 from 1980 to 2023 on the Dongzhi Plateau (DZP). Extreme rainfall events (rainfall amount ≥ 150 mm) emerged as the foremost erosion‐causing factor, accounting for a contribution rate ranging from 69.8% to 75.0%. Furthermore, through field surveys, we identified 21 gully heads that represent potential hazards to high‐speed railways (HSRs). Although the proportion of gullies affecting rail infrastructure may be relatively modest in century‐long projections, it notably increases against the background of worldwide escalation due to the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. This study establishes a robust foundation for gully erosion management and risk assessment on the Loess Plateau.
Machine Learning Models Based on UAV Oblique Images Improved Above‐Ground Biomass Estimation Accuracy Across Diverse Grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Feida , Chen Dewei , Li Linhao , Zhang Qiaoqiao , Yuan Xin , Liao Zihong , Xiang Chunlian , Liu Lin , Zhou Jiqiong , Shrestha Mani , Xu Dong , Bai Yanfu , Degen A. Allan
Published: November 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming important tools for modern management and scientific research of grassland resources, especially in the dynamic monitoring of above‐ground biomass (AGB). However, current studies rely mostly on vertical images to construct models, with little consideration given to oblique images. Determination of image acquisition height often relies on experience and intuition, but there is limited comparison of models in estimating across different grassland types. To address this gap, this study selected 56 plots on the northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), comprising 16 alpine meadows (AM), 14 alpine steppes (AS), 13 alpine meadow steppes (AMS), and 13 alpine desert steppes (ADS). We used the DJI Mavic 2 Pro to capture a total of 5040 images at six heights (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 m) and five angles (30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 180° panoramic shots). Based on RGB (red‐green‐blue) images, seven vegetation indices (normalized difference index (NDI), excess red vegetation index (EXR), modified green red vegetation index (MGRVI), visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI), excess green minus excess (EXG), green leaf index (GLI), and red–green–blue vegetation index (RGBVI)) were employed, displaying a trend in vegetation and biomass changes across different heights and angles, peaking at 20 m and 45°. Linear regression models and machine learning models (random forest, extreme gradient boosting, multilayer perceptron neural network, and stochastic gradient descent) were generated, with NDI, VARI, and MGRVI providing the best estimations. Comparative results on estimations of different grassland types indicated that oblique images helped reduce the models' root mean square error (RMSE), particularly in the machine learning models. All models were best in AMS and ADS, with average R
2 of 0.810 and 0.825, with machine learning models (average R
2 = 0.746) stronger than linear regression models (average R
2 = 0.597), indicating specific requirements for model selection across different grasslands. The findings in this study can provide a reference for the adaptive management of different grassland ecosystems on the QTP and worldwide.
DSN1 Interaction With Centromere‐Associated Proteins Promotes Chromosomal Instability in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Hongrui , Zhang Mengxue , Lian Jiabing , Wang Ruichang , Yang Zhe , Wang Jin , Bi Xiuli
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent type of liver cancer. Dosage suppressor of NNF1 (DSN1), a component of the MIS12 kinetochore complex, encodes a kinetochore protein crucial for proper mitotic assembly. The role of DSN1 in HCC remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Hepatocellular carcinoma Cell Database, and other databases to analyze DSN1 expression and prognosis in samples from patients with HCC. We investigated the signaling pathways regulated by DSN1 and their implications in HCC. Additionally, we engineered siRNA/shRNA and overexpression vectors for DSN1 and assessed the specific mechanisms of regulatory pathways of DSN1 in hepatoma cell lines and subcutaneous tumor xenograft model. Our findings revealed that DSN1 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with HCC, correlating with decreased survival rates. Elevated DSN1 expression led to the overproduction of cell cycle‐related proteins through direct interaction with Centromere Protein T. This interaction contributes to chromosomal instability in patients with HCC, resulting in an aberrant cell cycle and fostering the development and progression of HCC. Increased DSN1 expression is pivotal in HCC initiation and progression. Investigating DSN1 offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of HCC.
Combined Mendelian randomization and quantitative proteomics analysis to study the influence of thyroid dysfunction on acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Hong‐Xia , Han Ying‐Ying , Yu Hong‐Xiang , Wang Lu‐Feng , Cui Can , Jin Ling‐Ting , Ge Meng‐Ru , Gao Xue , Li Gang , Hu Yong‐Bo , Zhang Bei
Published: November 2024

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, making it crucial to identify the risk factors that influence its occurrence and prognosis. Although individuals with thyroid dysfunction exhibit altered stroke patterns, evidence from observational studies remains inconsistent. Herein, we investigated the influence of thyroid dysfunction on stroke progression and prognosis. We combined Mendelian randomization (MR) and tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics analysis to study the influence of thyroid dysfunction on AIS. Differentially expression proteins (DEPs) were subsequently identified, functional enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Protein alterations were further validated by western blot. MR analysis revealed a causal association between thyroid disorders and ischemic stroke. DEP analysis identified 38 downregulated proteins and five upregulated proteins. Functional enrichment analysis and PPI network construction highlighted the importance of immune response activation and acute phase pathways, along with the suppression of focal adhesion, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and platelet activation pathways. Vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein, MYL12B, MYL6, and TPM4 were identified as key DEPs significantly associated with pathological pathways and were verified by western blot. The identification of these key proteins and pathways provides new perspectives for investigating the progression and prognosis of AIS.
Development of a Tagmentation‐Based Next‐Generation Sequencing Clinical Assay as an Alternative to Capillary Electrophoresis‐Based Sequencing
Authors: Kuek Wei Cheng David , Chai Chean Nee , Tham Wei Ming Jason , Ng Alvin Yu Jin , Lau Dilys Shi Ning , Loo Janice Yen Qi , Van Dan Thu , Tan Joanna Kia Min , Lee Chun Kiat , Yan Benedict , Chan Tim Hon Man
Published: November 2024

Background

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology enables sample multiplexing for interrogation of multiple regions of interest (ROI). Leveraging this, together with access to affordable NGS platforms, we explored the practicality of moving capillary electrophoresis (CE), noncapillary electrophoresis and single‐gene testing to NGS. In this work, we evaluated the iSeq 100's capacity to validate 89 samples at once.

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from 89 archival samples of varying specimen types. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done with in house primers, library preparation with the Nextera XT Library Preparation Kit and cleaning up with paramagnetic beads. The sequencing was performed on one Illumina iSeq 100 flow cell.

Results

With our workflow, 88 out of 89 samples were accurately sequenced with variant alleles identified. One sample of the 88 samples was initially discordant because the primers used were in a heterozygous deletion region. Upon redesigning of primers, the sample proved concordant.

Conclusions

The iSeq‐Nextera workflow proved accurate. However, variant allele frequencys generated by the Nextera are not precise.
Rotating micropolar hybrid nanofluid: Exothermic/endothermic effects and waste discharge on exponential sheet
Authors: Bhaskar Kajal , Sharma Kalpna , Bhaskar Khushbu
Published: November 2024

This research offers a comprehensive investigation into the steady‐state, three‐dimensional flow of an incompressible hybrid nanofluid over a bi‐directionally stretching exponential sheet. A central aspect of the study is the behavior of rotating micropolar fluids within a Darcy‐Forchheimer porous medium, enhanced by the inclusion of electromagnetic forces. The effects of embedding nanoparticles
and
in a water‐based fluid are explored to reveal their influence on fluid motion and heat transfer. The thermal dynamics are scrutinized, with particular emphasis on the roles of heat absorption and viscous dissipation. Moreover, this study incorporates both endothermic and exothermic reactions in radiative flows, alongside the impact of Soret and Dufour diffusion effects. The discharge of wastewater is a critical issue in environmental management and industrial applications, underscoring the need for rigorous regulation to prevent water pollution and ensure adherence to environmental standards. This research addresses the non‐Newtonian flow resulting from wastewater discharge, incorporating Arrhenius activation energy in the analysis. Furthermore, the behavior of microorganisms within the flow is studied under velocity slip conditions and a range of convective boundary conditions. Through the application of similarity transformations, the governing differential equations are derived and solved numerically using MATLAB's bvp4c solver, with results depicted through detailed graphical analysis to illustrate the fluid's complex behavior. The heat transfer rate gets reduced by 1.96% with the enhancement in the Eckert number.
Structural Elucidation and NMR Spectral Assignments of New Diphenyl Ether Derivatives From Liuweizhiji Gegen‐Sangshen Oral Liquid
Authors: Cui Jinghao , Zhou Xin , Teng Baorui , Zhang Dan , Fu Xiujuan , Chen Siwei , Liu Sijing , Li Zhi , Lei Hui
Published: November 2024

Chemical investigation of the Liuweizhiji Gegen‐Sangshen oral liquid afforded one new diphenyl ether derivative (1), together with one known compound (2). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopic analysis and the absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by ECD calculation. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for the cytotoxic activities, and compounds 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxic activities towards HepG2 human liver cancer cells, with IC50 values of 97.3 and 79.6 μM, respectively.
Adaptive Mesh Generation and Numerical Verification for Complex Rock Structures Based on Optimization and Iteration Algorithms
Authors: Xiao Huaiguang , Li Yueyang , Wu Hengyang , He Lei
Published: November 2024

The modelling of rock structure is of great significance in characterizing rock characteristics and studying the failure laws of rock samples. In order to construct a high‐fidelity model of the rock structure efficiently, this paper proposes an adaptive mesh dissection algorithm based on the Voronoi structure. Image processing techniques, including greyscale, threshold segmentation and edge detection, are applied to simplify the original rock image into a feature edge image. Then, a probability density diagram of the feature image is generated, which provides a probabilistic basis for the subsequent spreading of mesh seed points. Moreover, the concept of polygonal representation rate and the mesh quality evaluation system of four‐dimensional metrics are established to suggest values for the seed point parameters of the initial mesh. The initial mesh is continuously optimized and iterated by barycentric iteration and gradient descent optimization methods to form mesh structural models with high representational performance efficiently. The model tests on particle, fracture and multi‐phase rock images show that the optimized mesh model is highly similar to the original image in terms of similarity and edge fit, and the algorithm significantly reduces the short‐edge rate and improves the shape regularity of the mesh structure. Finally, numerical tests of uniaxial compression are carried out based on the optimized mesh model. The results show that the model has computational potential in numerical calculations. This method builds a procedural structure from digital images to numerical models, which can provide a reliable model basis for simulating the physico‐mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous rocks.
High Relative Accuracy With Collocation Matrices of q$$ q $$‐Jacobi Polynomials
Authors: Delgado Jorge , Orera Héctor , Peña Juan Manuel
Published: November 2024

Little ‐Jacobi polynomials belong to the field of quantum calculus. This article obtains the bidiagonal decomposition of the collocation matrices of these polynomials, showing that, in many cases, it can be constructed to high relative accuracy (HRA). Then, it can be used to compute with HRA the inverses, eigenvalues, and singular values of these matrices. Numerical experiments are provided and illustrate the excellent results obtained when applying the presented methods.
A Comparative Study of the Perspectives of Long‐Stay Immigrants, Nurses and Cultural Mediators on Intercultural Communication: A Secondary Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Ramos‐Roure Francesc , Feijoo‐Cid Maria , Manresa‐Dominguez Josep Maria , Segura‐Bernal Jordi , García‐Sierra Rosa , Fernández‐Cano Maria Isabel , Arreciado Marañón Antonia , Moreno‐Gabriel Eduard , Flamarich Gol Clara , Toran‐Monserrat Pere
Published: November 2024

Aim

To compare the perspective of nurses, long‐stay immigrants and cultural mediators on intercultural communication in care encounters.

Design

Qualitative secondary analysis of data obtained in two primary studies.

Methods

Two sets of data from two primary studies on nurses and long‐stay immigrants (including in total two focus groups and 15 in‐depth interviews) were merged. The sample was extended to include a focus group of cultural mediators. An amplified analysis was conducted using Charmaz's approach to grounded theory.

Results

The results are structured under the core category “Agreements and discrepancies in intercultural communication,” split into two subcategories: (1) Communication and the role of culture; (2) (Non) equitable and culturally (in)sensitive care. Immigrant patients and mediators detect barriers associated with generic aspects of communication, while nurses and mediators value culture. Nurses recognise paternalistic attitudes, while long‐stay immigrants sometimes detect biased treatment that mediators do not see. Immigrant patients and mediators value informal conversation as a strategy for cultural learning and building mutual trust, while nurses request regulated training.

Conclusion

The findings show that there are always discrepancies in this relationship. Changes to health care should be based on the participation of all actors. Communication skills training programs should be implemented.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The convergences and divergences of nurses, immigrants and mediators expose new ways to approach care. Communication skills training programs should be implemented. Changes to health care should be based on the participation of all actors, including immigrant patients and mediators, and allow them to voice their opinions and make decisions.

Impact

This study addresses intercultural communication from three different perspectives: nurses, long‐stay immigrants and cultural mediators. Nurses, long‐stay immigrants and cultural mediators sometimes show convergence but never completely agree. The research may have an impact on primary‐care nursing by making it more culturally competent.

Patient or Public Contribution

Each participating long‐stay immigrant, nurse and cultural mediator reviewed their own interview. The findings were reviewed by a verifier member of each group (a nurse, patient and mediator).
Weight maintenance on cost‐effective antiobesity medications after 1 year of GLP‐1 receptor agonist therapy: a real‐world study
Authors: Paddu Nina U. , Lawrence Brianna , Wong Sydnee , Poon Sabrina J. , Srivastava Gitanjali
Published: November 2024

Objective

The high cost of novel glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) class agents often limits access and creates barriers to care. This real‐world study evaluated the efficacy of older‐generation generic antiobesity medications (AOMs) for weight maintenance after 1 year of GLP‐1 RA therapy in patients who had achieved successful weight loss.

Methods

We prospectively followed patients (N = 105) who had completed 12 months of therapy and were part of a “medical weight loss bundle,” which included 12 months of GLP‐1 RA therapy followed by 6 months of transition care. The baseline mean BMI was 36.4 kg/m2. Body weight outcomes were measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

After the medical weight loss bundle, 40 patients transitioned to generic AOMs. At 12 months, this cohort lost an average of 18.3%, 95% CI [13.0%, 23.6%] body weight from baseline, with a mean BMI of 27.9 kg/m2. At 18 months, they maintained the weight loss, with a mean BMI of 27.9 kg/m2. Subsequent follow‐up visits (average 1.5 months later) without GLP‐1 RAs showed further reduction, resulting in a total average weight loss of 25.5%, 95% CI [23.1%, 27.9%] compared to the initial visit.

Conclusions

Patients successfully treated with GLP‐1 RAs can maintain their weight loss using generic older‐generation AOMs, suggesting potential cost savings for insurers and implications for policy regarding AOM coverage.
Epidemiology of Barbell Weightlifting‐Related Head and Neck Injuries in the United States: A 10‐Year Analysis of National Injury Data
Authors: Sharma Shiven , Reardon Luke , Man Li‐Xing , Teng Marita S. , Carr Michele M.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Our primary objective was to identify and describe trends in head and neck injuries incurred while participating in barbell weightlifting.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

National database.

Methods

We used data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 2014 to 2023. Population characteristics of barbell‐related injuries (NEISS Code 3265), including age and sex distributions, were recorded. We further analyzed the distribution of injury anatomic locations, injury types, fracture locations, and patient dispositions. To identify statistical significance, nonparametric tests were performed.

Results

Between 2014 and 2023, 3105 cases of barbell‐related head and neck injuries were identified, predominantly in males (n = 2227, 71.7%) with a mean age of 27.7 years (SD: 11.9 years). The majority of patients (n = 2193, 74.5%) were treated and released, while 71 patients (2.3%) required hospital admission. The most affected body part was the head (n = 1,368, 44.1%), followed by the neck (n = 993, 32%), the face (n = 614, 19.8%), the mouth (n = 108, 3.5%), and the ear (n = 22, 0.7%). The most common location of injury was a recreational or sports facility (n = 1143; 36.8%), with other significant locations being the home (n = 542; 17.5%), and unspecified locations (n = 1065; 34.3%). Lacerations were the most common injury type (n = 682; 32.4%). Moreover, lacerations were more significantly associated with barbell weightlifting at home (P < .001) than in a recreational or sports facility.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that a substantial number of barbell‐related injuries occur above the shoulder. This knowledge can inform the development of safety measures, including potential reforms in rules, regulations, and protective equipment.
Self‐perceived preparedness for practice among graduating physical medicine & rehabilitation residents
Authors: Wasserman Nathan A. , Huang Laura Y. , Molinares Diana M. , Tiu Timothy
Published: November 2024

Background

There is little research regarding the self‐perceived preparedness of residents to enter independent practice after training. Given the vast breadth of physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R) and the increasingly complex and wide‐ranging responsibilities and roles of physiatrists, this study is necessary to evaluate residents' perspectives of how programs are preparing them in the face of the changing practice environment.

Objective

To identify how graduating PM&R residents perceived their training to prepare them for future practice. The researchers assessed perceived preparedness in six domains: (1) evaluation and management of conditions, (2) settings and responsibilities of practice, (3) familiarity with administrative processes, (4) physiatric‐specific prescriptions, (5) performing procedures, and (6) interpretation of diagnostic studies.

Design

Survey.

Setting

Virtual.

Participants

Graduating PM&R residents in their final year of training in the United States were invited to complete the survey. Of 415 graduating residents, 54 accessed the survey, and 40 (9.6%) fully completed questions relating to preparation by residency.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure

Self‐perceived preparedness for practice among graduating residents across 70 subdomains of practice.

Results

Mean preparedness was highest in the domain of physiatric prescription (3.45/5), and preparedness for administrative processes was significantly lower than all other domains (mean 2.25/5, p < .001). Across subdomains, the highest preparedness was in performing electromyography (4.48/5). Medical skills rated less than 2.50/5 included interpreting urodynamics (1.93/5), performing osteopathic manipulative therapy (1.57/5), and performing unguided peripheral nerve injections (2.25/5).

Conclusions

Ultimately, residency programs should increase administrative training and identify internal strengths and weaknesses by polling their residents.
Investigating the Impact of Nano‐Metal Oxides (Copper and Iron) on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Advanced Propellants with Nitrocellulose/Polyurethane Binders
Authors: Touidjine Sabri , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Trache Djalal , Akbi Hamdane , Nourine Manel , Belkhiri Samir
Published: November 2024

This research delves into the combined effects of green nano metal oxides (copper and iron) and polyurethane (PU) modification on the thermal degradation kinetics of propellant based on solid ammonium nitrate composite modified simple base (CMSB). Surface modification of ammonium nitrate particles was achieved through repeated spray coating, ensuring effective catalyst binding. The formulated compositions of propellants underwent thorough thermal characterization, including thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. TG analysis revealed a significant decrease in the propellant's thermal degradation temperature, attributed to AN modification with nano metal oxides (nMOs) and the use of PU/NC as a binder. Isoconversional kinetic methods (It‐KAS, It‐FWO, and VYA/CE) were employed for further analysis, allowing prediction of kinetic parameters. Additionally, kinetic analysis results allowed calculation of the critical ignition temperature. The thermokinetic results underscore the substantial impact of nMOs particles and PU modification regarding the reactivity and catalytic performance of propellant containing ammonium nitrate, leading to a noteworthy reduction in activation energy and critical ignition temperature. Furthermore, modifying the binder with nitrocellulose and incorporating nanoparticles significantly reduces ignition delay and combustion duration while increasing flame intensity in CMDB solid propellants, enhancing overall combustion efficiency.
Assessing the Abundance of Pyrotechnic Traces from New Year′s Eve Celebrations in the Netherlands: Implications for Forensic Explosives Investigations
Authors: van Damme I. M. , Hulsbergen A. W. C. , Allers S. , Bezemer K. D. B. , van Asten A. C.
Published: November 2024

To ensure a correct interpretation of the presence and abundance of pyrotechnic traces at a crime scene, it is essential to understand reference background levels and the extent to which they are affected by specific activities such as fireworks displays. A total of 112 objects throughout the Netherlands were sampled before and/or after New Year′s Eve 2017, 2018, 2022, and 2023. Sample extracts were analysed with Ion Chromatography ‐ Mass Spectrometry to determine the concentrations of 17 inorganic ions relevant to forensic explosives investigations. The ions SO42−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Cl−, PO43− Ca2+, Mg2+, and NH4+ were found most often (33–98%) before New Year′s Eve. The maximum amounts recovered ranged from 52.63 to 1071.50 μg for this set of ions. Only 3% of outdoor objects carried detectable levels of ClO4−, with a maximum amount of 0.55 μg per 2.3 dm2. It appears that NO2−, SCN−, ClO3−, S2O32−, Li+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ are generally absent in the Dutch environment. While fireworks displays do not seem to greatly affect the background levels of inorganic ions related to explosives, mean ClO4− levels were increased on January 1st (p=0.02). Sporadically, high levels of Cl−, SO42−, K+, and even a trace amount of Sr2+ were observed after New Year′s Eve. These findings are of great forensic relevance for pre‐ and post‐explosion investigations involving trace levels.
Research Progress of Burning Rate Inhibitors in Solid Heterogeneous Propellants
Authors: Hu Hongyu , Chen Dingning , Yu Haojie , Wang Li
Published: November 2024

The advancement of solid rocket technology has increased demand for high‐performing propellants, particularly in the aerospace industry. Solid propellants are an essential component of rocket engines, and their stable combustion and adjustable burning rate throughout a wide pressure range significantly affect the performance of motors. The burning rate modifiers include catalysts and inhibitors. Solid rocket motors for different purposes require propellants with different burning rates. Using propellants that burn at a slower rate is beneficial for the smooth release of propellant energy, reducing the loss of energy in the process of high burning rate release and improving the endurance time of missile engines. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the burning rate of propellant. This article summarizes the development of burning rate inhibitors (BRIs) and analyzes the mechanisms and behaviors of different BRIs, including amide‐based compounds, metal salts, and cationic surfactants, that affect the combustion of propellants.
The Electrochemical and Combustion Properties of HAN‐ECSP Using Cu2O/Cu Electrode
Authors: Liu Fuhan , Guo Haoqi , Zhang Jian , Xia Debin , Yang Yulin , Lin Kaifeng
Published: November 2024

Electrically controlled solid propellant based on hydroxyammonium nitrate (HAN‐ECSP) cause extensive research by scientists. Nevertheless, research on the performance of ECSP is currently focused on the formulation of propellants, and few studies have been published on the design of electrodes and the influence of electrochemical properties on the combustion performance of propellant. Metal have been reported as one of potential electrodes in HAN‐ECSP, but it has many drawbacks, such as being prone to corrosion during electrochemical and ignition combustion testing. Hence, modifying metal electrodes is one of the best ways to improve their adaptability in the HAN‐ECSP system. In this work, Cu2O/Cu and Cu2O/CF electrodes were prepared by oxidation methods and subsequent calcination with tube furnace. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Cu2O/Cu and Cu2O/CF have positive effect on the overpotential and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the ignition delay time at 210 V of the propellant decreases from 3.28 s (Cu) to 2.05 s (Cu2O/Cu), 3.89 s (CF) to 1.85 (Cu2O/CF), respectively. Thus, Cu2O/Cu electrode is more suitable in the HAN‐ECSP system, and the electrochemical performance of HAN‐ECSP is an important factor that evaluate its ignition performance. Lower overpotential and higher current retention rate in the system will improve the ignition and combustion performance of the propellant. In general, this work reveals the influence of the electrochemical performance of propellants on their combustion performance, and provides data support and advices for improving the combustion performance of HAN‐ECSP.
Thermal and Pyrolysis Research on the Super Heat‐Resistant Energetic Structure of Bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐b;5’,1’‐f][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐2,7‐diamine
Authors: Zhou Jing , Bu Xiaochen , Zhang Junlin , Wang Bozhou , Qiu Lili , Meng Zihui
Published: November 2024

Thermal stability of energetic materials determines their applicability under high temperature conditions, while few energetic materials could achieve thermal decomposition peak temperatures above 450°C. Based on a novel nitrogen‐rich fused heterocyclic skeleton, bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐b;5’,1’‐f][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐2,7‐diamine (DATC) demonstrated super thermal stability compared to traditional heat‐resistant energetic structures. Herein, a detailed exploration was conducted on the thermal decomposition behaviors and heat‐resistant properties of DATC through conventional thermal decomposition methods combined with tandem techniques, including in‐situ FTIR and DSC/TG‐FTIR‐MS quadruple analysis. The experimental results were compared with those of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and 3,5‐dinitro‐N,N’‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (PYX), two famous heat‐resistant energetic materials widely applied. The major decomposition exothermic peak temperature of DATC was found around 479°C under the heating rate of 10°C ⋅min−1 while corresponding onset decomposition temperature was around 430°C. The decomposition process of DATC was most likely initiated from the decompositions of amino groups and further destructed the molecular skeleton, which lead to a series of fragments of NH2 (m/z=16), CN (m/z=26), HCN (m/z=27), N2 (m/z=28), N2H2 (m/z=30), CN2H2 (m/z=42), HN3 (m/z=43), and C2N2 (m/z=52). Obviously, the amino groups do not contribute much to DATC's heat‐resistant performances, while the condensation of triazole moieties result in great thermal stability of the fused nitrogen‐rich skeleton. Both the decomposition process and mechanism were much different from those of HNS and PYX.
Cross‐modal embedding integrator for disease‐gene/protein association prediction using a multi‐head attention mechanism
Authors: Chang Munyoung , Ahn Junyong , Kang Bong Gyun , Yoon Sungroh
Published: November 2024

Knowledge graphs, powerful tools that explicitly transfer knowledge to machines, have significantly advanced new knowledge inferences. Discovering unknown relationships between diseases and genes/proteins in biomedical knowledge graphs can lead to the identification of disease development mechanisms and new treatment targets. Generating high‐quality representations of biomedical entities is essential for successfully predicting disease‐gene/protein associations. We developed a computational model that predicts disease‐gene/protein associations using the Precision Medicine Knowledge Graph, a biomedical knowledge graph. Embeddings of biomedical entities were generated using two different methods—a large language model (LLM) and the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) algorithm. The LLM utilizes information obtained from massive amounts of text data, whereas the KGE algorithm relies on graph structures. We developed a disease‐gene/protein association prediction model, “Cross‐Modal Embedding Integrator (CMEI),” by integrating embeddings from different modalities using a multi‐head attention mechanism. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMEI was 0.9662 (± 0.0002) in predicting disease‐gene/protein associations. In conclusion, we developed a computational model that effectively predicts disease‐gene/protein associations. CMEI may contribute to the identification of disease development mechanisms and new treatment targets.