bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Answer-Set Programming for Lexicographical Makespan Optimisation in Parallel Machine Scheduling
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Geibinger Tobias , Musliu Nysret , Oetsch Johannes , Skočovský Peter , Stepanova Daria
Published: October 2021

We deal with a challenging scheduling problem on parallel-machines with sequence-dependent setup times and release dates from a real-world application of semiconductor work-shop production. There, jobs can only be processed by dedicated machines, thus few machines can determine the makespan almost regardless of how jobs are scheduled on the remaining ones. This causes problems when machines fail and jobs need to be rescheduled. Instead of optimising only the makespan, we put the individual machine spans in non-ascending order and lexicographically minimise the resulting tuples. This achieves that all machines complete as early as possible and increases the robustness of the schedule. We study the application of Answer-Set Programming (ASP) to solve this problem. While ASP eases modelling, the combination of timing constraints and the considered objective function challenges current solving technology. The former issue is addressed by using an extension of ASP by difference logic. For the latter, we devise different algorithms that use multi-shot solving. To tackle industrial-sized instances, we study different approximations and heuristics. Our experimental results show that ASP is indeed a promising KRR paradigm for this problem and is competitive with state-of-the-art CP and MIP solvers.
How to Approximate Ontology-Mediated Queries
Authors: Haga Anneke , Lutz Carsten , Sabellek Leif , Wolter Frank
Published: October 2021

We introduce and study several notions of approximation for ontology-mediated queries based on the description logics ALC and ALCI. Our approximations are of two kinds: we may (1) replace the ontology with one formulated in a tractable ontology language such as ELI or certain TGDs and (2) replace the database with one from a tractable class such as the class of databases whose treewidth is bounded by a constant. We determine the computational complexity and the relative completeness of the resulting approximations. (Almost) all of them reduce the data complexity from coNP-complete to PTime, in some cases even to fixed-parameter tractable and to linear time. While approximations of kind (1) also reduce the combined complexity, this tends to not be the case for approximations of kind (2). In some cases, the combined complexity even increases.
Approximation Fixpoint Theory for Non-Deterministic Operators and Its Application in Disjunctive Logic Programming
Authors: Heyninck Jesse , Arieli Ofer
Published: October 2021

Approximation fixpoint theory (AFT) constitutes an abstract and general algebraic framework for studying the semantics of nonmonotonic logics. It provides a unifying study of the semantics of different formalisms for nonmonotonic reasoning, such as logic programming, default logic and autoepistemic logic. In this paper, we extend AFT to non-deterministic constructs such as disjunctive information. This is done by generalizing the main constructions and corresponding results to non-deterministic operators, whose ranges are sets of elements rather than single elements. The applicability and usefulness of this generalization is illustrated in the context of disjunctive logic programming.
Equivalence of Semantics in Argumentation
Authors: Amgoud Leila , Beuselinck Vivien
Published: October 2021

A large number of evaluation methods, called semantics, have been proposed in the literature for assessing strength of arguments. This paper investigates their equivalence.

It argues that for being equivalent, two semantics should have compatible evaluations of both individual arguments and pairs of arguments. The first requirement ensures that the

two semantics judge an argument in the same way, while the second states that they provide the same ranking of arguments. We show that the two requirements are completely independent.

The paper introduces three novel relations between semantics based on their rankings of arguments: weak equivalence, strong equivalence and refinement.

They state respectively that two semantics do not disagree on their strict rankings; the rankings of the semantics coincide; one semantics agrees with the strict

comparisons of the second and it may break some of its ties. We investigate the properties of the three relations and their links with existing

principles of semantics, and study the nature of relations between most of the existing semantics. The results show that the main extensions semantics are pairwise weakly equivalent.

The gradual semantics we considered are pairwise incompatible, however some pairs are strongly equivalent in case of flat graphs including Max-based (Mbs)

and Euler-based (Ebs), for which we provide full characterizations in terms respectively of Fibonacci numbers and the numbers of an exponential series.

Furthermore, we show that both semantics (Mbs, EMbs) refine the grounded semantics, and are weakly equivalent with the other extension semantics.

We show also that in case of flat graphs, the two gradual semantics Trust-based and Iterative Schema characterize the grounded semantics,

making thus bridges between gradual semantics and extension semantics. Finally, the other gradual semantics are incompatible with extension semantics.
Semi-Stable Semantics for Abstract Dialectical Frameworks
Authors: Keshavarzi Zafarghandi Atefeh , Verbrugge Rineke , Verheij Bart
Published: October 2021

Abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) have been introduced as a formalism for modeling and evaluating argumentation allowing general logical satisfaction conditions. Different criteria that have been used to settle the acceptance of arguments are called semantics. However, the notion of semi-stable semantics as studied for abstract argumentation frameworks has received little attention for ADFs. In the current work, we present the concepts of semi-two-valued models and semi-stable models for ADFs. We show that these two notions satisfy a set of plausible properties required for semi-stable semantics of ADFs. Moreover, we show that semi-two-valued and semi-stable semantics of ADFs form a proper generalization of the semi-stable semantics of AFs, just like two-valued model and stable semantics for ADFs are generalizations of stable semantics for AFs.
On the Progression of Belief
Authors: Liu Daxin , Feng Qihui
Published: October 2021

Based on weighted possible-world semantics, Belle and Lakemeyer recently proposed the logic DS, a probabilistic extension of a modal variant of the situation calculus with a model of belief. The logic has many desirable properties like full introspection and it is able to precisely capture the beliefs of a probabilistic knowledge base in terms of the notion of only-believing. While the proposal is intuitively appealing, it is unclear how to do planning with such logic. The reason behind this is that the logic lacks projection reasoning mechanisms. Projection reasoning, in general, is to decide what holds after actions. Two main solutions to projection exist: regression and progression. Roughly, regression reduces a query about the future to a query about the initial state while progression, on the other hand, changes the initial state according to the effects of actions and then checks whether the formula holds in the updated state. In this paper, we study projection by progression in the logic DS. It is known that the progression of a categorical knowledge base wrt a noise-free action corresponds to what is only-known after that action. We show how to progress a type of probabilistic knowledge base wrt noisy actions by the notion of only-believing after actions. Our notion of only-believing is closely related to Lin and Reiter's notion of progression.
Consolidation via Tacit Culpability Measures: Between Explicit and Implicit Degrees of Culpability
Authors: Ribeiro Jandson S. , Thimm Matthias
Published: October 2021

Restoring consistency of a knowledge base, known as consolidation, should preserve as much information as possible of the original knowledge base.

On the one hand, the field of belief change captures this principle of minimal change via rationality postulates.

On the other hand, within the field of inconsistency measurement, culpability measures have been developed to assess how much a formula participates in making a knowledge base inconsistent.

We look at culpability measures as a tool to disclose epistemic preference relations and build rational consolidation functions.

We introduce tacit culpability measures that consider semantic counterparts between conflicting formulae, and we define a special class of these culpability measures based on a fixed-point characterisation: the stable tacit culpability measures.

We show that the stable tacit culpability measures yield rational consolidation functions and that these are also the only culpability measures that yield rational consolidation functions.
Learning First-Order Representations for Planning from Black Box States: New Results
Authors: Rodriguez Ivan D. , Bonet Blai , Romero Javier , Geffner Hector
Published: October 2021

Recently Bonet and Geffner have shown that first-order representations for planning domains can be learned from the structure of the state space without any prior knowledge about the action schemas or domain predicates. For this, the learning problem is formulated as the search for a simplest first-order domain description D that along with information about instances I_i (number of objects and initial state) determine state space graphs G(P_i) that match the observed state graphs G_i where P_i = (D, I_i). The search is cast and solved approximately by means of a SAT solver that is called over a large family of propositional theories that differ just in the parameters encoding the possible number of action schemas and domain predicates, their arities, and the number of objects. In this work, we push the limits of these learners by moving to an answer set programming (ASP) encoding using the CLINGO system. The new encodings are more transparent and concise, extending the range of possible models while facilitating their exploration. We show that the domains introduced by Bonet and Geffner can be solved more efficiently in the new approach, often optimally, and furthermore, that the approach can be easily extended to handle partial information about the state graphs as well as noise that prevents some states from being distinguished.
Characterizations and Classifications of Argumentative Entailments
Authors: Arieli Ofer , Borg AnneMarie , Straßer Christian
Published: October 2021

In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the inference process induced by logical argumentation frameworks. The frameworks may be defined with respect to any propositional language

and logic, different arguments that represent deductions in the logic, various support-based attack relations between arguments, and all the complete Dung-style semantics for the frameworks. We show that, ultimately, for characterizing the inference process with respect to a given framework, extension-based semantics may be divided into two types: single-extension and multiple-extension, which induce respective kinds of entailment relations. These entailments are further classified by the way they tolerate new information (nonmonotonicity-related properties) and maintain conflicts among arguments (inconsistency-related properties).
A Many-valued Logic for Lexicographic Preference Representation
Authors: Charalambidis Angelos , Papadimitriou George , Rondogiannis Panos , Troumpoukis Antonis
Published: October 2021

We introduce lexicographic logic, an extension of propositional logic that can represent a variety of preferences, most notably lexicographic ones. The proposed logic supports a simple new connective whose semantics can be defined in terms of finite lists of truth values. We demonstrate that, despite the well-known theoretical limitations that pose barriers to the quantitative representation of lexicographic preferences, there exists a subset of the rational numbers over which the proposed new connective can be naturally defined. Lexicographic logic can be used to define in a simple way some well-known preferential operators, like "A and if possible B", and "A or failing that B". We argue that the new logic is an effective formalism for ranking query results according to the satisfaction level of user preferences.
On the Complexity of Preferred Semantics in Argumentation Frameworks with Bounded Cycle Length
Authors: Dvořák Wolfgang , König Matthias , Woltran Stefan
Published: October 2021

Argumentation frameworks are a core formalism in the field of formal argumentation, with several semantics being proposed in the literature. Among them, preferred semantics is one of the most popular but comes with relatively high complexity. In fact, deciding whether an argument is skeptically accepted, i.e. contained in each preferred extension, is Pi^P_2-complete. In this work we study the complexity of this problem w.r.t. the length of the cycles in the considered AF.

Our results show which bounds are necessary to decrease the complexity to coNP and P, respectively. We also consider argumentation frameworks with collective attacks and achieve Pi^P_2-hardness already for cycles of length 4.
A Dynamic Epistemic Logic with Finite Iteration and Parallel Composition
Authors: Herzig Andreas , Maris Frédéric , Perrotin Elise
Published: October 2021

Existing dynamic epistemic logics combine standard epistemic logic with a restricted version of dynamic logic. Instead, we here combine a restricted epistemic logic with a rich version of dynamic logic. The epistemic logic is based on `knowing-whether' operators and basically disallows disjunctions and conjunctions in their scope; it moreover captures `knowing-what'. The dynamic logic has not only all the standard program operators of Propositional Dynamic Logic, but also parallel composition as well as an operator of inclusive nondeterministic composition; its atomic programs are assignments of propositional variables. We show that the resulting dynamic epistemic logic is powerful enough to capture several kinds of sequential and parallel planning, and so both in the unbounded and in the finite horizon version.
Randomized Problem-Relaxation Solving for Over-Constrained Schedules
Authors: Rodler Patrick , Teppan Erich , Jannach Dietmar
Published: October 2021

Optimal production planning in the form of job shop scheduling problems (JSSP) is a vital problem in many industries. In practice, however, it can happen that the volume of jobs (orders) exceeds the production capacity for a given planning horizon. A reasonable aim in such situations is the completion of as many jobs as possible in time (while postponing the rest). We call this the Job Set Optimization Problem (JOP). Technically, when constraint programming is used for solving JSSPs, the formulated objective in the constraint model can be adapted so that the constraint solver addresses JOP, i.e., searches for schedules that maximize the number of timely ﬁnished jobs. However, also highly specialized solvers which proved very powerful for JSSPs may struggle with the increased complexity of the reformulated problem and may fail to generate a JOP solution given practical computation timeouts. As a remedy, we suggest a framework for solving multiple randomly modiﬁed instances of a relaxation of the JOP, which allows to gradually approach a JOP solution. The main idea is to have one module compute subset-minimal job sets to be postponed, and another one effectuating that random job sets are found. Different algorithms from literature can be used to realize these modules. Using IBM’s cutting-edge CP Optimizer suite, experiments on well-known JSSP benchmark problems show that using the proposed framework consistently leads to more scheduled jobs for various computation timeouts than a standalone constraint solver approach.
Flexible Robotic Assembly Based on Ontological Representation of Tasks, Skills, and Resources
Authors: Schäfer Philipp Matthias , Steinmetz Franz , Schneyer Stefan , Bachmann Timo , Eiband Thomas , Lay Florian Samuel , Padalkar Abhishek , Sürig Christoph , Stulp Freek , Nottensteiner Korbinian
Published: October 2021

Technology has sufficiently matured to enable, in principle, flexible and autonomous robotic assembly systems. However, in practice, it requires making all the relevant (implicit) knowledge that system engineers and workers have – about products to be assembled, tasks to be performed, as well as robots and their skills – available to the system explicitly. Only then can the planning and execution components of a robotic assembly pipeline communicate with each other in the same language and solve tasks autonomously without human intervention.

This is why we have developed the Factory of the Future (FoF) ontology. At its core, this ontology models the tasks that are necessary to assemble a product and the robotic skills that can be employed to complete said tasks. The FoF ontology is based on existing standards. We started with theoretical considerations and iteratively adapted it based on practical experience gained from incorporating more and more components required for automated planning and assembly. Furthermore, we propose tools to extend the ontology for specific scenarios with knowledge about parts, robots, tools, and skills from various sources. The resulting scenario ontology serves us as world model for the robotic systems and other components of the assembly process. A central runtime interface to this world model provides fast and easy access to the knowledge during execution. In this work, we also show the integration of a graphical user front-end, an assembly planner, a workspace reconfigurator, and more components of the assembly pipeline that all communicate with the help of the FoF ontology.

Overall, our integration of the FoF ontology with the other components of a robotic assembly pipeline shows that using an ontology is a practical method to establish a common language and understanding between the involved components.
The The Role of Teachers in Implementation Social Care Education Character at Primary Schools
Authors: Safitri Mazda Leva Okta , Mustadi Ali , Retnawati Heri
Published: October 2021

One of the most important characters and must be implemented by students is the character of social care. The teacher has a very important role in impntation of characters in schools. This study aims to describe the role of teachers in the implementation of social care character education in elementary schools. This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological type. The researchers conducted interviews and gave questionnaires to 32 primary teachers in South Sumatra Province. The results of this study indicated that the teacher instills a social care character in the classroom by integrating social care character into learning materials and becoming good role models for students. Teachers also give punishment and rewards in order to encourage and discipline students. Teachers and schools have also carried out various activities to instill social care in students. It has also received support from many parents of students. To make social caring character education run optimally, several ways can do by the teacher is that the lesson plan that is made must be considered and by the elements of education, making study contracts and further increasing parental participation in students' social activities.

Keywords: Social Care Education Character, Education Character, The Role of Teacher
Understanding the Implications of Research Skills Development Framework for Indonesian Academic Outcomes Improvement
Authors: Hendriarto Prasetyono , Mursidi Agus , Kalbuana Nawang , Aini Nurul , Aslan Aslan
Published: October 2021

The qualitative study aimed to understand the Research Skills Development Framework (RSD) implications for Indonesian master students' academic achievement. Experience proves that success at the master's level is closely related to mastering academic research competencies. A typical study at the master's level requires research skills to complete tasks and jobs that require research application acuity. To understand this study's problem, study the data we have done, including reviewing ten academic findings from international publications, observing and documenting data related to this topic. After the data was collected, we were then provided with analysis, including text analysis, description, coding, and immersion results. Every text is in a language, so we use a translation application to help us understand Indonesian. To determine whether the data constitutes a valid and reliable study finding, we review it and make sure we have answered the study questions. So the results we can report that the RSD framework has become a conceptual framework for the development of research skills for academic and educational needs. The reason is that the RSD framework is beneficial and useful in working on completing tasks that require skill in examining problems to find answers. Thus, these findings become meaningful input for the academic community and other professions.

Keywords: Research Skill Development, Academic Outcome Improvement, Academic Achievement
What Expert Say about Empowering Human Resources in Supporting Leadership Function in Higher Education in the 21st Century
Authors: Hermawan Eric , Arifin Antoni Ludfi
Published: October 2021

In Indonesia, universities and non-formal education institutions play an essential role in creating leadership qualities in both colonial and modern time. Although these two education models have different supports, the resulting figures are expected to be involved in community development with intervention through research and community service with the budget and recognition given to them. This qualitative study was going to understand what research evidence says about the leadership role in higher education. To ascertain how these educational institutions' involvement and role are. The researchers have conducted electronic searches on online data sources such as the Google Scholar application, ERIC Publications, and Microsoft Academic for publications from 2010 to 2021. Furthermore, analyzing the data by involving understanding the problem, coding the data. Evaluation and in-depth interpretation to obtain valid and reliable findings. Based on the discussion of the findings data and previous research evidence, the researchers reported the results, the transition period to a more advanced future, and higher education's role in more strategic and dynamic planning. Higher education leaders must work to foster the public by encouraging lecturers and faculty with study data and dedication to achieve development goals towards success. They take great responsibility for the success of nation-building in all directions. Thus, these findings become an essential input in developing the role of higher education leadership.

Keywords: Empowering Human Research, Leadership Function, Higher Education
Confirmation of accuracy/inaccuracy of lumbar pedicle screw placement using postoperative computed tomography
Authors: Arnaout Mohamed M. , ElSheikh Magdy O. , Makia Mansour A.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Transpedicular screws are extensively utilized in lumbar spine surgery. The placement of these screws is typically guided by anatomical landmarks and intraoperative fluoroscopy. Here, we utilized 2-week postoperative computed tomography (CT) studies to confirm the accuracy/inaccuracy of lumbar pedicle screw placement in 145 patients and correlated these findings with clinical outcomes.

Methods:

Over 6 months, we prospectively evaluated the location of 612 pedicle screws placed in 145 patients undergoing instrumented lumbar fusions addressing diverse pathology with instability. Routine anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs were obtained 48 h after the surgery, while CT scans were obtained at 2 postoperative weeks (i.e., ideally these should have been performed intraoperatively or within 24–48 h of surgery).

Results:

Of the 612 screws, minor misplacement of screws (≤2 mm) was seen in 104 patients, moderate misplacement in 34 patients (2–4 mm), and severe misplacement in 7 patients (>4 mm). Notably, all the latter 7 (4.8% of the 145) patients required repeated operative intervention.

Conclusion:

Transpedicular screw insertion in the lumbar spine carries the risks of pedicle medial/lateral violation that is best confirmed on CT rather than X-rays/fluoroscopy alone. Here, we additional found 7 patients (4.8%) who with severe medial/lateral pedicle breach who warranting repeated operative intervention. In the future, CT studies should be performed intraoperatively or within 24–48 h of surgery to confirm the location of pedicle screws and rule in our out medial or lateral pedicle breaches.
A case of Bertolotti’s syndrome as a cause of sciatica
Authors: Kawtharani Sarah , Bsat Shadi Abdelatif , El Housheimy Mohamad , Moussalem Charbel , Halaoui Adham , Sunna Tarek
Published: October 2021

Background:

Bertolotti’s syndrome (i.e., varying extent of fusion between the last lumbar vertebra and the first sacral segment) or lumbosacral transitional vertebrae is a rare cause of back pain. Notably, this syndrome is one of the differential diagnoses for patients with refractory back pain/sciatica.

Case Description:

A 71-year-old male presented with low back pain of 3 years duration that radiated into the right lower extremity resulting in numbness in the L5 distribution. He then underwent a minimally invasive approach to resect the L5 “wide” transverse process following the CT diagnosis of Bertolotti’s syndrome. Prior to surgery, patient reported pain that was exacerbated by ambulation that resolved post-operative.

Conclusion:

Bertolotti’s syndrome is one of the rare causes of sciatica that often goes undiagnosed. Nevertheless, it should be ruled out for patients with back pain without disc herniations or other focal pathology diagnosed on lumbar MR scans.
The Russian Far East — China: Ways and Prospects of Interaction in Academic Musical Culture
Authors: Mezentseva Svetlana V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines regional folklore as a field of interaction between academic musical culture in the Far East of Russia and China. The beginning of the systematic study of the academic musical culture of the Russian Far East is associated with the formation of the regional creative association of composers of the Far East (Union of Composers), which is succeeded today by the Far Eastern Branch of the Union of Composers of Russia. The article notes the multi-ethnicity of the region and the special role of the “dialogue of cultures” in the composers’ works. The author analyzes the culture of indigenous peoples and the East Slavic migratory culture of the Russian Far East, as well as the original culture of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region outside the Russian borders. There is highlighted the commonality of some features of the traditional Far Eastern folklore of Russia and China. The article considers the concept of “academic musical culture”, which includes the composers’ works successively connected with the foundations of Western European music formed in the period of the 17th—19th centuries, the composers’ works of the 20th century, including modern techniques, the musical performance, musical performance infrastructure, educational space and academic musicology.

The paper highlights the composers of the region, the main focus of their work, the researchers of the academic musical culture of the region, whose works are significant in understanding the processes of development of modern national musical culture. The article covers the Chinese academic compositional works known in Russia, as well as the range of scientific interests of Russian researchers-orientalists and researchers of musical culture from China.

There is recognized the need for cultural understanding of the stated problem through the study of academic music art, traditional music culture, music science, and music education. The author interprets the role of music and computer technologies in musical culture and education in the Far East of Russia and China as the most important component for interaction in the field of academic musical culture, focuses on the problems of informatization of modern music education.

The article draws a conclusion about the unique experience of composing in China based on the traditional music of the Russian Far East. The pentatonic basis of Chinese music is especially distinguished as being close to the modal organization of the music of Far Eastern ethnic groups, which is also the basis of the folklore music of Russian Far Eastern composers. The author sees such a palatal proximity as a basis for the interaction of the cultures of the Far Eastern region. The article recognizes this aspect as important from the point of view of creating an integral multicultural space based on the principles of humanism.
Theatrical and Non-Theatrical Thinking in Actual Choreographic Practice
Authors: Gryzunova Olga V.
Published: October 2021

The article attempts to concretize the essence of the two aesthetically polar staging approaches — theatrical and non-theatrical (performative) — in the context of the choreographic art development. The author suggests that the basis for separating these approaches can be some peculiarities in the ways they interpret such fundamental concepts as “actor”, “role”, “spectator”, “drama”, “action”, “conflict”, which, in a choreographic performance, are in certain relationships determined by cultural traditions, and in a non-theatrical production, they are transformed up to their disappearance. A similar experience of separating a theater and a non-theater on the basis of the presence of an actor, a role, a spectator and an hierarchy between them is proposed in theater studies. However, in choreographic (including ballet) performances, the content of the role is closely linked with the music and is often determined by the emotional background and musical dramaturgy. In the case of a radical departure from the composer’s intention, turning to a different starting point for the composition, the specificity of the choreographic (ballet) performance is destroyed. Borrowings from non-theatrical art are showed in the construction of meanings when working with intrinsic body movement, as well as in the reliance on interdisciplinarity. Within a single line of choreographic art, there is a whole spectrum of ideas that interpret the concepts of “theatricality”, “non-theatricality”, “drama”, and “performativity” in different ways. On what basis to classify them in order to reduce them to a consistent system is a difficult question. The article attempts to outline the foundation for future classification. The relevance of this topic is caused by the insufficient elaboration of the conceptual base in the specialized literature on choreographic art.
The Image of Petrushka in Russian Children’s Books of the 1920s — Early 1930s
Authors: Fomin Dmitry V.
Published: October 2021

The image of Russian puppet theater’s main character, Petrushka, played an important role in the history of Russian culture and embodied some important features of the national character. His images are quite widely and variously represented on the pages of children’s books. At the beginning of the 20th century and in the first post-revolutionary years, publications about the adventures of Petrushka fulfilled an important mission: they recorded characteristic examples of folk art, preserved the memory of farcical performances, and supported the tradition of the art of “Petrushka makers”. The books served as manuals for novice puppeteers.

In the 1920s — early 1930s, Petrushka continued to be one of the most popular characters of children’s books and aroused interest of many Russian writers and graphic artists. This indicates their desire to find a basis and support in the popular laughter culture, to continue its traditions, to bring elements of theatrical aesthetics into books.

Using a complex of methods of book, art and source studies, the article aims to consider the transformation of the image of Petrushka in children’s books of the 1920s — early 1930s.

The author draws attention to the significant differences between the literary component of such publications and their visual range. Writers, as a rule, sought to “re-educate” the areal joker and brawler, to ennoble his manners, modernize his appearance, and involve the popular character in solving actual ideological and pedagogical problems. Artists were more careful about the canonical, historically formed image of Petrushka, resisted too radical reinterpretation of it. Of particular interest in this regard are the illustrative cycles of I.S. Efimov, A.I. Sokolov-Asi, A.A. Radakov, V.M Konashevich, L.V. Popova, F.F. Kondratov.

The best writers and artists of those years managed to preserve the most essential features of the character, breathe new life into him, save him from oblivion, from complete loss of identity, and pass him on to new generations of creators and readers of children’s books.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM TO THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY RANGE
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Sergeeva Liubov , Valchenko Oleksandr ,   State University of Telecommunications, Sergeeva Viktoriia ,   State University of Telecommunications, Koval Oleksandr ,   State University of Telecommunications, Hliebova Olena ,   State University of Telecommunications
Published: October 2021

The implementation of the effects of any electromagnetic radiation depends on the individual sensitivity of the human body. To determine the criteria for assessing the individual sensitivity of the human body to the action of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (EMF RF-range), medical examination, anthropometric and physiological parameters, screening procedures of Beyton, Shmishek, orthostatic tests and other peripherals were performed. After a survey and questionnaire of students, which indicated how many years they used IT-technologies, a comparative analysis of the pre- nosological manifestations of adverse effects on the body of EMR RF.
STUDY OF HAIR IN EXPERT PRACTICE AT THE MODERN STAGE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Biletska Anna
Published: October 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of modern data on the achievements and new opportunities for the study of hair in the production of forensic examination of physical evidence of biological origin. The author paid attention to some issues of modern methods of hair research, which are now used in the practice of forensic expert and lawyer in the medical and biological laboratory of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine and in private structures. These techniques relate to the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect drugs and other substances, as well as trace elements in the presented hair samples. This method is the most highly sensitive and selective, compared to other research methods. According to other characteristics of the object under study (shape, length, thickness, color, etc. of hair), it is possible to obtain important search information about the person being searched. Genotyping of hair, which is implemented in everyday expert practice, can give a clear answer when identifying a person, and the question of "compliance" or "non-compliance" of hair in these cases are eliminated. Such knowledge about traditional researches and the newest possibilities of modern diagnostics of various kinds of damage of hair at the present stage is very actual in practical activity of the forensic expert and lawyers.
METHODICAL BASES OF ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT IN ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Yemelyanov Olexandr , Petrushka Tetyana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lesyk Lilia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Symak Anastasiya ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: October 2021

Ensuring economic development of enterprises requires from them the investment of financial resources. Herewith there are many directions of such investment, methods and sources of financing of investment projects, in particular, the purchase of fixed assets and other assets. When adopting investment decisions on the acquisition of assets, the enterprise should compare the expected cash flows from the exploitation of these assets with the amount of investments in their purchase. Under such conditions, it appears a need for a retrospective assessment of the economic efficiency of investments in the acquisition of assets by enterprises in previous periods. The purpose of this article is to develop methodical bases for assessing the economic efficiency of investment in enterprise development. The method of assessing such efficiency for the totality of the available assets at the enterprise is developed, taking into account the terms of their acquisition and the value of net cash flow from their exploitation from the moment of their acquisition until the moment of assessment. It is proposed to evaluate the indicator of the period of achievement of the minimum required efficiency of investments in the development of the enterprise. This period represents the time interval between the moment of investing in the acquisition of assets of the enterprise and the moment when the received cash flow will provide the minimum acceptable level of economic efficiency of invested money. The article shows that the achievement of the minimum acceptable efficiency of investment in the development of the enterprise is a criterion for the success of its investment activity. The factors influencing the period of achievement of minimum acceptable efficiency of investment in the development of the enterprise are determined. Directions for reduction of this period are determined. In particular, they include the optimization of volumes of current assets of the enterprise. A model for determining the value of financial results of the enterprise, which will provide the minimum acceptable efficiency of funds that were invested in tangible assets of the enterprise in previous periods, is proposed. Implementation of the developed methodical principles for assessing the economic efficiency of investing in the development of enterprises in their practice will improve the monitoring of investments realized by enterprises and the process of regulating their investment activity.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University, Brutska Tetyana , Bakalo Liliia ,   Odessa National University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Muzyka Mariia ,   Bohdan Khmelnytsky National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

The issue of ensuring children's rights is one of the most important areas of legal science. Today, the formation of the foundations for the protection of the rights, freedoms and interests of the younger generation is a priority of the state. Complex socio-economic, military-political and epidemiological problems force to focus efforts on the analysis and generalized bases that determine the algorithm of legal protection of children's rights and its implementation in Ukraine. The article identifies international documents and acts of national legislation, on the basis of which the foundations of legal protection of children's rights in Ukraine are formed. Emphasis was placed on the need to address issues of juvenile probation, social orphanhood, and the realization of the rights of children who find themselves in difficult life circumstances and in need of assistance. The process of legal, social, housing provision of children who are in the area of environmental protection deserves special attention. According to the results of the study, a list of key positions that characterize the basics of legal protection of children in modern Ukraine has been formed. Despite the wide range of legal regulations, the issue of legislative support of the legal status of children in Ukraine is not a complete solution. Thanks to the fruitful work of authorized bodies (public authorities and their representatives, guardianship authorities, social services), parents and children it is possible to achieve a high level of social protection, timely respond to social risks and challenges that arise in modern society. Coherence and interaction of key actors is a necessary component of the process of legal protection of children's rights. Subject to strict compliance with the provisions of the law, the implementation of international standards and policy documents adopted at the highest level, it is possible to significantly improve the legal status of children's rights in Ukraine.
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN SPHERE
Authors:   Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Moisiiakha Andrii
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of finding ways to improve the mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere. The purpose of this article is to identify areas for improvement of mechanisms for implementing public policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, taking into account the needs of their unification within a single approach to the organization of social processes in the analyzed area. Achieving this goal has provided solutions to more practical problems: the development of goals, objectives, areas of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, as well as organizational and legal support for its implementation. All this together will allow to introduce quite detailed algorithms and tools for managing the socio-humanitarian development of Ukraine and to quickly and effectively overcome the negative risks that arise in it. The content, essence and state-legal nature of mechanisms of public administration, as a set of ways and tools of practical realization of state policy are revealed. The analysis of modern approaches to understanding the essence of mechanisms of public administration is carried out. The author's definition of the mechanism of public administration in the socio-humanitarian sphere is offered. The content and essence of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are revealed. The conclusion concerning the basic determinants and features of its development is made. Approaches to the formation of mechanisms for the implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are generalized. The need to further unify approaches to the implementation of such public policy in different sectors of the socio-humanitarian sphere has been proved. The main directions of improvement of mechanisms of its realization are allocated. The mechanism of state policy implementation in the socio-humanitarian sphere is defined as a set of nonlinear sets of tools and methods of state influence, which is implemented through appropriate management decisions (a set of measures as components of state policy) to develop the rights and interests of citizens and practical implementation. guarantees of the state in the fields of education, health care, social security, as well as others covered by the humanitarian mission of the state and able to influence the formation of productive forces, human, intellectual and social capital in society.
Chronic kidney disease: risks to mother and fetus (literature review)
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Kupina Anastasia D. , Petrov Yuriy A. ,   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Published: October 2021

The article provides an overview of modern sources of domestic and foreign scientific literature. The article describes the statistical data of chronic kidney disease in women of reproductive age, as well as anatomical and physiological changes in the urinary system in pregnant girls. The role of renal pathology in the pathogenesis of various obstetric and perinatal complications is described in detail. A scheme for optimizing the treatment of this group of patients during gestation is given on the basis of modern research and a recommendation.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: features of detection and course
Authors:   Novosibirsk TB Research Institute, Novosibirsk, Russia, Kulchavenia Ekaterina V. , Kulchavenia Ekaterina V. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: October 2021

Background. COVID-19 pandemic caused by novel coronavirus has destabilized the world's health systems, revealing flaws in the organization of work in extreme conditions. Currently, there is limited empirical data on the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis outcomes. Materials and methods. Non-interventional comparative retrospective cohort study of the structure of the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts for the period 1999–2020 was carried out. Data of 13 852 patients were analyzed. Results. Of all 13 852 EPTB patients who were first diagnosed during the study period, the majority of cases (973) were registered in 1999, and the smallest number (550) – in 2017. Then, for 2 years, an increase in EPTB incidence was observed again (582 cases in 2018, and 563 cases in 2019) with a natural reduction by 18.5% in 2020 (459 cases). Over the first year of the COVID-19 epidemic, the incidence of central nervous system tuberculosis decreased by almost half (by 45.9%), the incidence of peripheral lymph nodes tuberculosis remained virtually unchanged, and the number of cases of "other" localizations, mainly abdominal tuberculosis, increased by 55.3%. Overall, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, the detection of isolated forms of EPTB over the first year of the pandemic reduced by 18.5% (from 563 to 459 patients). A large variability of data was found across regions. Thus, in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Omsk regions there was a significant decrease in the number of patients diagnosed with isolated EPTB (by 30.2; 47.1 and 64.5%, respectively) while in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions, the number of patients with isolated EPTB increased (by 80.9 and 32.3%, respectively). Conclusion. COVID-19 has had a significant negative impact on all services of national and global healthcare, the ultimate losses we have yet to calculate. Diagnostics of any diseases, and particularly EPTB, in the first year of the pandemic was difficult due to the restriction of patient visits to medical and preventive institutions, the closure or re-profiling of some of them, as well as a decrease in the number of specialists due to their selfisolation, re-profiling and COVID-19 disease. Nevertheless, the role of EPTB is still important.
THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC VÀ HOẠT TÍNH KHÁNG VI SINH VẬT GÂY BỆNH CỦA TINH DẦU TỪ VỎ BƯỞI DA XANH (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.)
Authors: Huỳnh Xuân Phong , Lưu Minh Châu , Trần Thị Xuân Nghi , Nguyễn Ngọc Thạnh , Bùi Hoàng Đăng Long , Bạch Long Giang , Nguyễn Văn Mười , Trần Thanh Trúc
Published: October 2021

Bưởi là loài cây không chỉ có giá trị cao về mặt dinh dưỡng mà còn có giá trị cao về mặt kinh tế và được trồng phổ biến ở Việt Nam. Ngoài ra, tinh dầu bưởi chứa nhiều hợp chất có hoạt tính sinh học cao. Tinh dầu bưởi được chiết xuất bằng phương pháp chưng cất lôi cuốn hơi nước và thành phần hóa học được phân tích bằng phương pháp GC-MS. Thành phần chính của tinh dầu gồm limonene (91,19%), b-myrcene (2,92%), a-phellandrene (1,98%) và a-pinene (1,19%). Hoạt tính kháng vi sinh vật của tinh dầu được khảo sát với vi khuẩn Gram dương (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), Gram âm (Escherichia coli) và nấm mốc Aspergillus flavus ở nồng độ 5, 10, 25 và 50% bằng phương pháp khuếch tán giếng thạch. Tinh dầu có khả năng kháng B. cereus, S. aureus và E. coli với đường kính vòng kháng khuẩn lần lượt là 8,3–11,3, 10,3–18,7 và 9,0–11,7 mm và ức chế sự phát triển của A. flavus (18,9–65,0%).