bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An observational study of cutaneous adverse drug reactions in tertiary hospital
Authors: . Tejashwani , Patel Dipti , Bhuptani Neela
Published: April 2018

Background: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions include reactions due to overdose, side effects and idiosyncratic reactions. They pose a diagnostic challenge due to wide variety of causative agents and varied clinical manifestations. Our study aims to record various clinical patterns of adverse drug reactions, their offending drugs and to study the pattern of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions especially in the HIV era.

Methods: 90 patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions were included who came to Dept. of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at P.D.U. Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat from October 2011 to November 2017. Thorough history with all routine haematological and biochemical investigations and septic screening was done. The morphology of skin lesions was noted. The offending drug was withdrawn in the patients and appropriate treatment was given.

Results: The most common age group observed was 31-40 years (24.44%) with male to female ratio being 1.2:1. Maculopapular rash was the most common clinical type (16.66%). NSAIDS were the most common offending drugs (16.66%). Among the individual drugs, carbamazepine was the most common offending drug(14.44%). Drug was prescribed by a medical practitioner in 86 cases (95.55%), while self administered in 4 cases (4.44%). History of some cutaneous drug reaction in the past was present in 17 patients (18.88%). Lesions were generalised in 76 cases (84.44%) and localised in 14 cases (15.55%).

Conclusions: Knowledge of the pattern and the offending drug helps in better management and reduced complications in these patients and also helps in preventing recurrences.
Antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatomycosis in a tertiary care hospital of North India
Authors: Budhiraja Ravika K. , Sharma Saurabh , Sharma Sarbjeet , Kaur Jasleen , Bassi Roopam
Published: April 2018

Background: Dermatomycoses affect the outer layers of the skin, nails and hair without tissue invasion and are often caused by dermatophytic molds, candida & non dermatophytic molds. Although not dangerous, they are important as a public health problem particularly in the immunocompromised. There are limited studies on the efficacy of antifungal agents against dermatophytes in North India.

Methods: This study was conducted to test the efficacy of 5 systemic antifungal agents viz. voriconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole & griseofulvin using Microbroth dilution technique.

Results: Three different species of dermatophytes which were isolated from the clinically suspected cases were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and M. gypseum. According to the obtained results, Itraconazole and Voriconazole showed the lowest MIC range while Fluconazole and Griseofulvin had the highest MIC range for most fungi tested.

Conclusions: Despite several treatment options being available for cutaneous fungal infections, due to an inappropriate response, there is an increasing need for determining an antifungal susceptibility profile for specific fungal strains. This will enable the clinician to select an appropriate antifungal agent with minimal side effects to avoid antifungal resistance and treatment failure.
A study of autologous serum skin test and autologous serum therapy in chronic urticaria
Authors: Patel Bharti , Kapadia Komal , Chauhan Khushbu , Bhuptani Neela
Published: April 2018

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a vexing problem and patients suffer from the morbidity that arise from irritable itch and wheals and are also subjected to a huge antihistamine pill burden. A subset of patients with CU may have an autoimmune basis for their condition, as shown by a positive skin test to ASST. The objective of the study was to compare efficacy of AST in ASST positive and negative patients and its impact on dermatology life quality index (DLQI) in patients, before and after AST.

Methods: A prospective, interventional study was conducted in the Department of dermatology (Skin) OPD of our institute from October 2016 to October 2017. Fifty patients were selected randomly and antihistaminics were withdrawn before ASST. Test was performed in all patients and AST was given for 9 weeks in both (ASST positive & negative) groups, along with tablet levocetrizine on demand basis and followed for 4 weeks after completion of 9 weeks of therapy. Total severity score (TSS), urticaria activity score (UAS), dermatologic life quality index (DLQI) were used as primary effective parameters and were recorded at baseline and weekly after each injections of AST.

Results: UAS and TSS showed significant improvement (>50%) after 5th week in both group patients. DLQI showed higher improvement in ASST positive patients.

Conclusions: We found significant improvement in ASST positive and ASST negative patients but ASST positive patients required more time to experience the benefit of AST.

 
Clinico epidemiological study of lichen nitidus in a tertiary care centre in South India
Authors: Gomathi V. , Narashimman K.
Published: April 2018

Background: Lichen nitidus is an uncommon chronic cutaneous eruption that exhibits a distinct morphology and histopathological features. Hepatitis B vaccination, UV radiation in actinic type, and genetic factors in familial lichen nitidus. It was also considered as a variant of lichen planus. The aim of the study was to assess the clinico epidemiological features of lichen nitidus and its clinical associations.

Methods: A total of 30 patients presented with the features of lichen nitidus were selected for the study. The analysis of cases was done by recording a detailed history and a thorough clinical examination. History regarding the etiological factors like tuberculosis, drug intake, photosensitivity, recent vaccination and family history were noted.

Results: In this study most of the patients were asymptomatic (70%). Only 30% were symptomatic among which 23% presented with mild itching and only 7% with moderate to severe itching. In our study, the most frequent sites of involvement observed were the upper limb in 25 cases (83%), followed by trunk in 17 cases (57%), lower limb in 15 cases (50%) and only 2 patients (7%) with facial involvement.

Conclusions: The present study shows that lichen nitidus is common in young adults and children with the male predominance. Most of the cases were asymptomatic. Although no definite etiological factors could be made out in most cases, few patients showed the risk factors like photosensitivity and family history.
Uygur Atasözlerinde Ölüm ile İlgili Sözcükler Üzerine
Authors: HARBALİOĞLU Neşe
Published: April 2018

Kültürel
aktarımın gerçekleşmesinde, bilgi ve deneyimlerin paylaşılmasında önemli bir
yeri olan atasözleri, deneyimlere ve gözlemlere dayalı düşüncelerden doğmuştur.
Toplumsal yaşantı içinde önemli bir yer edinen tüm varlıklar ve olaylar,
atasözlerinde kendine bir yer bulur. Bu bağlamda ölüm de Uygur atasözlerinde
kendine yer bulmuştur. Ölüm ile ilgili sözcükleri ölen kişi için kullanılan
sözcükler, ölüm ile ilgili eylemler, ölüm zamanı ile ilgili sözcükler, ölünün
gömülmesi ile ilgili sözcükler ve ölüm sonrası hayat ile ilgili sözcükler
şeklinde sınıflandırmak mümkündür. Uygur atasözlerinde ölüm ile ilgili pek çok
sözcük kullanılmaktadır. Ölüm ile ilgili sözcükler, ölümün Uygur toplumunun
gözlemlerinde ne kadar yer edindiğini göstermekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda onların
ölüm ile ilgili dünya görüşünü de yansıtır.
OS DESAFIOS E OS NOVOS CAMINHOS DA PESQUISA EM DIREITO NO BRASIL
Authors: Loschiavo Leme de Barros Marco Antonio , De Barros Matheus
Published: April 2018

O texto apresenta o diagnóstico da pesquisa em direito produzida no Brasil, caracterizado como uma área de produção atrasada em relação as demais ciências humanas e vinculada aos vícios advindos das experiências práticas e rotineiras aplicadas nas pesquisas, geralmente vinculados com uma falta de preocupação metodológica. O estudo indica a relevância de entender como o problema da pesquisa é reflexo de um problema que envolve o pesquisador no país. Para tanto, primeiro, discute-se a relação entre pontos de vista e pesquisa em direito e, depois, apresenta a compreensão histórica dos problemas e dos atuais desafios da pesquisa e do pesquisador no país, inclusive retomando a experiência Ceped da década de sessenta. No final, destaca-se o processo de transformação da visão sobre pesquisa e pesquisador em direito no Brasil.
The possible truths: the importance of Anthropology to Law
Authors: Capela Gustavo
Published: April 2018

This article discusses de problem of truth as it is presented within the discourse of Law. It contains arguments that point towards a "need for anthropology" in a scientific approach to solving problems under that which some call "the science of the law", or jurisprudence. To illustrate this argument, we utilize empirical data that support the necessity for a more ample and more scientific openess to the diverse within law's epistemology.
Comunicação visual, panfletagem política e marca de governo: índices para compreender o cisalhamento do povo brasileiro
Authors: Santos Fátima Aparecida dos
Published: April 2018

No artigo, um argumento foi construído a partir dos significados da palavra povo, elencados por Agamben, e do significado da palavra democracia, segundo Jacques Rancière. Considera-se que o povo contém em si uma cisão inicial. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que, nos acontecimentos compreendidos entre as manifestações pré-Copa das Confederações, entre 2013 e setembro de 2016, ocorreram processos graduais de convocação, agrupamento e cisão do povo brasileiro. A cisão inicial foi potencializada até culminar na divisão física da Esplanada dos Ministérios, durante a sessão de admissibilidade do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, pela Câmera dos Deputados Federais. Faz-se a análise semiótica de peças gráficas, diagramas políticos veiculados na televisão, memes na internet, panfletagem dos postes no Eixo Rodoviário Sul em Brasília e, por fim, da marca do governo interino de Michel Temer. Ao final, acredita-se que foi possível demonstrar que as comunicações visuais indiciam um processo de cisão do povo.
Comunicação como ruptura: nuances de uma nova teoria brasileira
Authors: Santos Vanessa Matos dos
Published: April 2018

A concepção de territórios discursivos engendra lugares políticos e, ainda que de uma forma indireta, pressupõe uma espécie de colonização cognitiva e epistêmica. Os estudos em Comunicação no Brasil e na América Latina ainda são maciçamente marcados por contribuições teóricas e conceitos que foram forjados levando em consideração contextos outros que não os da Ibero-América. Objetivando apresentar um importante progresso alcançado no Brasil, este artigo apresenta a Nova Teoria da Comunicação (NTC) e o conceito de comunicação como ruptura e consequente abertura ao Outro. Dada esta abertura, a NTC não trabalha com a rigidez metodológica e sim com o rigor em narrar os acontecimentos através do metáporo. Busca-se demonstrar, sobretudo, que pesquisar com os procedimentos metapóricos enseja uma nova relação entre pesquisador e objeto de pesquisa, que permite vislumbrar novos olhares num campo tão complexo como o da Comunicação.
Splenik arter psödoanevrizmasında acil endovasküler tedavi
Authors: AYDIN Elçin , GÖK Mustafa , BOZKAYA Halil , ÇINAR Celal , PARILDAR Mustafa
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Splenik arter psödoanevrimaları (SAPA) nadir görülen ancak rüptüre olduğunda yüksek mortalite oranı olan akut batın nedenlerindendir. Travma sonrası splenik arterde yaralanma ve aktif kanamanın olması da mortalitesi yüksek ve acil tedavi gerektiren bir durumdur. Çalışmamızın amacı SAPA’larda ve splenik arter yaralanmalarında endovasküler tedavinin etkinliğini kendi tecrübemiz ve literatür bilgileri eşliğinde tartışmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2002-2016 tarihleri arasında çeşitli nedenlerle kontrastlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ile SAPA tanısı konan 3’ü kadın, 6’sı erkek toplam 9 hastanın endovasküler tedavileri yapıldı. Endovasküler tedavi splenik arter veya anevrizmanın platin mikrosarmallarla embolizasyonu (n=8) veya kaplı stent implantasyonu (n=1) şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Dokuz hastanın %33.3’u kadın (n=3), %66.7’i erkek (n=6), ortalama yaşları 44.8 (23-66 yaş) idi. En sık semptom gastrointestinal kanama olup tüm hastalarda mevcuttu. SAPA nedenleri; travma (n=5), iyatrojenik (n=2), ve akut pankreatit (n=2) idi. Hastaların bilgisayarlı tomografi ve dijital substraksiyon anjiyografisinde psödoanevrizma (PA) (n=9) ve bir hastada splenik arterde PA'ya ek olarak splenik arter ve ven arası fistül (AVF) de gözlendi. Yedi hasta splenik arter embolizasyonu [parent arter oklüzyonu (PAO)] yapıldı, diğer 2 hasta kaplı stent ve koilleme ile tedavi edilmiştir. Tedavi sonrası sonuçlar iyi olup takip periyodunda (1 ay-14 yıl) komplikasyon gözlenmedi. Sonuç: SAPA nadir ancak ölümcül sonuçlar doğurabilen akut batın nedenleri olup endovasküler yöntemlerle tedavileri güvenlidir ve iyi sonuçlar vermektedir.
TOZ ENJEKSİYON KALIPLAMA İLE ÜRETİLMİŞ TUNGSTEN KARBÜR PARÇALARDA BAĞLAYICI GİDERME SÜRESİNİN VE PARÇA BOYUTLARININ AĞIRLIK KAYBINA ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: SAMET Kamran , YILMAZ Oğuz , KOÇAK Harun , SAFARİAN Asghar , KARATAŞ Çetin
Published: April 2018

Toz enjeksiyon
kalıplama (TEK), plastik enjeksiyon kalıplama ve geleneksel toz metalürjisi
tekniklerinin kombinasyonundan ortaya çıkmış bir yöntemdir. Bu metot besleme
stoğunun hazırlanması, besleme stoğunun kalıba enjekte edilmesi, bağlayıcı ayrıştırma
işlemi ve sinterleme olmak üzere dört temel adımdan meydana gelmektedir. TEK’te
bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi, sinterleme sonrasında parçada elde edilecek nihai
mukavemete etki etmektedir. Aynı zamanda bağlayıcı ayrıştırma süresinin
uzunluğu maliyeti arttırmaktadır.  Bundan
dolayı bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi esnasında meydana gelen optimum ağırlık
kaybının tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada üç farklı kalınlıkta (4,3;
9,75 ve 12 mm) ve uzunlukta (15, 14, ve 11 mm) numuneler WC-% 9Co besleme
stoğundan TEK yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Daha sonra numuneler 24, 48, 60 ve 72
saat olmak üzere dört farklı sürede, etanol kullanılarak kimyasal bağlayıcı
ayrıştırma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Deneyler sonucunda parçanın kalınlığı,
hacmi, yüzey alanı/hacim (Ay/V) oranı ve bağlayıcı ayrıştırma süresinin ağırlık
kaybına etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ham mukavemetli WC-% 9Co
parçalarda yüzey alanı/hacim (Ay/V) oranı arttıkça ağırlık kaybının da arttığı,
kalınlık ve hacmin artması ağırlık kaybını azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Etanol
ortamında ve 60°C sıcaklıkta bağlayıcı ayrıştırma işlemi gerçekleştirilen
numunelerde optimum sürenin 60 saat olduğu belirlenmiştir.
TÜRK DİLİNİN ESKİCİL BİR KELİMESİ ALAÇUK: YAPISAL-KÖKENBİLİMSEL BİR ANALİZ
Authors: KARABULUT Ferhat , KAZANLAR ÜRKMEZ Elanur
Published: April 2018

Toplumların hayat tarzını coğrafya belirler. İbni Haldun,
“coğrafya kaderdir” diyerek, hayat tarzının zaman ve mekânla ilişkisini ortaya
koymuştur. Eski Türk kültürünü; başlangıçta avcılık ve hayvancılık, sonraları
ise tarım ve hayvancılık oluşturduğu için, Türk dilinin söz varlığını temelde
bu hayat tarzına ait kelimeler şekillendirmiştir. Barınma ihtiyacı insanın en
temel ihtiyaçlarından biridir. Bu nedenle dilde barınmaya ait kelimeler, en
baştan itibaren var olmuş ve çekirdek kelime özelliği taşımıştır. Türklerin en
eski barınaklarından birinin alaçuk
olduğu kelimenin eskiliğinden ve yaygınlığından anlaşılmaktadır. Yani alaçuk Türkçenin tarihi hafızalarından
birini oluşturmaktadır denebilir.

Bu çalışmada; tarihi metinlerde, tarihi ve çağdaş
lehçelerde ve Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında yaygın bir kullanım alanına sahip
olan alaçuk üzerinde durulacaktır. Bunun
için, köken ve yapı ile ilgili olarak ortaya konmuş varsayımlar ve teklifler
değerlendirilecek,  kelimenin kökenine ve
yapısına ilişkin bir yapı-köken analizi yapılacaktır.
OSMANLI’NIN GİZEMLİ İLİMLERİ I KUR’AN FALLARI VE UZUN FİRDEVSÎ’YE AİT BİR ÖRNEK
Authors: Atamözer Feyza
Published: April 2018

Osmanlı'nın Gizemli İlimleri I Kuran Falları ve Uzun Firdevsi'ye Ait Bir Örnek
The Research on English Language Learning Motivation of Business Administration Students in the Process of Integration into the Global Labor Market
Authors: Poyraz Erol , Poyraz Erkan
Published: April 2018

The aim of this quantitative study was to research
the degree of English language learning motivation of the students who study in
business administration department at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in Turkey.
The participants of the study were 140 voluntary students who study in business
administration department at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University in Turkey. The study
was designed based on descriptive survey model and comparative and
correlational associative models. The quantitative research data were collected
through the questionnaire called “Foreign Language Learning Motivation
Questionnaire for Filipinos (FLLMQ-F). The results indicate that the
participants’ overall motivation sources were related to extrinsic motivation
(their economic and career purposes) and there was not seen much intrinsic
motivation in them during English learning process. It was also seen that the
participants selected private sector in research as their future profession
consider English language as an ultimate tool for their business life.
The teaching of Latin and South American regional integration by the motto "Nuestro norte es el sur": a postcolonial / decolonial approach to the thematic from the contact with the art of Torres García
Authors: Gomes Joseli Fiorin
Published: April 2018

In South America, regional integration has a plethora of overlapping initiatives. To investigate it, a postcolonial/decolonial approach is proposed to teach the theme in International Relations, based on the the art of Torres García, which supported, with the phrase "our north is the south", the need to change north-south power relations. Thus, it is aimed at forming critical subjects, rethinking the South American place in the world.
Os desafios da interdisciplinaridade no ensino das Relações Internacionais
Authors: Gallo Rodrigo Fernando
Published: April 2018

This article investigates the application of interdisciplinarity in the teaching of International Relations in São Paulo universities, analyzing both integration between disciplines and correlation between theory and practice. The importance of this study is think International Relations as integrated units between distinct areas of knowledge, rather than as “patchworks quilts”. The article uses data from a quantitative survey.
Os desafios para a consolidação da inserção estratégica brasileira na África no século XXI
Authors: Pagliarini Carla Márcia , Filippi Eduardo Ernesto , Geiger Luana Margarete
Published: April 2018

Brazil's strategic role in the early twenty-first century is focused on strengthening South-South relations and on reconnecting with Africa. The consolidation of this African policy, however, is susceptible to changes in the domestic and international scenario. This article aims, in this sense, to identify the challenges that such contexts can bring to the consolidation of Brazil’s strategic role in Africa in the 21st century.
Regional integration in Latin America: historical developments, current challenges, especially in Mercosur
Authors: De Almeida Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2018

Historical essay dealing with the regional processes of economic integration in Latin America, following the main phases of attraction and repulsion in those experiments; main challenges for the accomplishments of that integration have been industrialization efforts by countries, characterized by protectionist trade and industrial policies, defense of national sovereignty, and also rules presiding the multilateral trade system during the initial phase of Gatt; reforms in that system, allowing for some flexibility in the reciprocity clauses, started a new phase in that process, opening the way for a sub-regional approach in the integration agreements; Brazil and Argentina decided to create Mercosur, with a customs union framework to arrive at a common market objective; despite some progresses, the project is still unfinished.
Comunicaciones orales vídeo
Authors: Rev Hispanoam Hernia II Congreso
Published: April 2018

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KAJIAN MEMBRAN NILON SEBAGAI FILTER PADA PROSES PENJERNIHAN NIRA TEBU
Authors: Maulina Wenny , Fauzia Ismia Khilmi , Misto Misto
Published: April 2018

Abstrak

Membran nilon merupakan lapisan semipermeabel yang terbuat dari jenis polimer poliamida untuk memisahkan partikel tertentu dari larutannya. Pada artikel ini, membran nilon berperan sebagai filter untuk penjernihan nira tebu dengan mengkaji kinerja, efektivitas, dan efisiensi membran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan sistem aliran dead-end pada proses ultrafiltrasi menggunakan empat tekanan transmembran yang berbeda yaitu 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, dan 2.5 bar. Konsentrasi nira tebu sebelum dan sesudah proses ultrafiltrasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Membran nilon dengan variasi massa 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, dan 6.5 gram, menunjukkan fluks air yang sesuai pada rentang 15 – 38 L/m2.jam.bar pada tekanan transmembran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran nilon yang memiliki kinerja paling baik adalah membran dengan massa benang nilon 4.5 gram karena memiliki nilai fluks paling besar dan nilai koefisien rejeksi paling kecil. Membran dengan massa benang nilon 6.5 gram memiliki efektivitas dan efisiensi penurunan sukrosa yang paling besar. Sedangkan membran dengan massa benang nilon 4.5 gram memiliki efektivitas dan efsiensi penurunan konsentrasi sukrosa yang paling rendah.

Kata-kata kunci: membran nilon, nira tebu, kinerja membran, efektivitas, efisiensi.

Abstract

Nylon membrane is a semipermeable layer made of a type of polyamide polymer to separate certain particles from the solution. In this article, nylon membrane is presented as a filter for clarification of sugarcane juice concerning study on performance evaluation, effectiveness, and efficiency of the membrane. The experiments were conducted according to the principle of the dead-end in an ultrafiltration process using four different transmembrane pressures of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 bar. The concentration of sugarcane juice before and after ultrafiltration process was characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Nylon membranes, which consist of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 gram various mass, showed matched water flux in the range of 15 – 38 L/m2.jam.bar at the transmembrane pressures. The results showed that the best performance nylon membrane was a nylon membrane with a mass of 4.5 gram nylon, because it has the largest flux and the smallest rejection coefficient. Nylon membrane with a mass of 6.5 gram has the biggest effectiveness and efficiency in the reduced of sucrose concentration. Meanwhile, nylon membrane with a mass of 4.5 gram has the lowest effectiveness and efficiency in the reduced of sucrose concentration.

Keywords: nylon membrane, sugarcane, membrane performance, effectiveness, efficiency.
Teologi Kem(u)(a)rahan Allah: Sebuah Upaya Mengkonstruksikan Teologi Kemurahan Allah
Authors: Triasmoroadi Hardiyan
Published: April 2018

In the context of identity contestation in today’s Indonesia, it is worth putting back the discourse of the “face of God”, since it may raise questions such as: “Does the fierce religious expression refer to the theology of the wrath of God? What is the contribution of the theology of mercy in intervening the interreligious dispute? What is the biblical response on the relationship between God’s wrath and mercy?” To expose those issues, this article constructs the theology of God’s mercy as a basis for a distinct religious behavior presenting the true companionship.
İŞ HUKUKUNDA YABANCI İRTİBAT BÜROSU ÇALIŞANLARI
Authors: KAYIK AYDINALP Aslıhan
Published: April 2018

Yabancı
yatırımcılar, Türkiye’de faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirirken farklı yollara
başvurmaktadır. Yabancı yatırımcılar Türkiye’de doğrudan şirket kurabilirler.
Türkiye’de doğrudan şirket kurmak yerine şube açabilirler veya pazar
araştırması yapmak ya da ürünlerinin ülke içinde satışını gerçekleştiren
distribütörlere teknik, idari destek sağlamak gibi amaçlarla irtibat bürosu
açma yoluna da başvurabilirler. Bu yollar ile sağlanan yabancı yatırımlar
gelişmekte olan ülkelere, sermaye açığının kapatılması, döviz ihtiyacının
karşılanması, istihdamın artırılması gibi konularda katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu
kapsamda ülkemizde yabancı yatırımların teşvik edilmesi amacıyla Doğrudan
Yabancı Yatırımlar Kanunu kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmamızın konusunu yabancı
yatırımcıların Türkiye’de faaliyette bulurken başvurmuş olduğu yollardan,
ticari faaliyette bulunmamak üzere açmış oldukları irtibat büroları
oluşturmaktadır. İrtibat büroları pek çok hukuk alanını ilgilendirmekle
birlikte, çalıştırılan personel açısından iş hukukunun konusunu meşgul
etmektedir. İrtibat büroları iş hukuku açısından daha ziyade çalıştırılan
personelin hukuki niteliği, dolayısıyla iş güvencesi ve işçilik alacakları
noktasında yargı kararlarına konu olmuştur. 
Çalışmamızda öncelikle irtibat bürolarının genel kuruluş ilkeleri ve
faaliyet alanları incelenecek olup akabinde yabancı yatırımcı, irtibat bürosu
ve çalışanlar İş Kanunu’nun temel kavramları açısından incelemeye konu
olacaktır.
Degradation pathways of pentachlorophenol and benzo(a)pyrene during heterogeneous photocatalysis
Authors: Kudlek E. , Dudziak M.
Published: April 2018

Organic micropollutants, in particular those of anthropogenic origin, may have a toxic influence on water organisms. Photochemical oxidation processes are one of the most effective methods of decomposition of a wide range of those compounds. During the oxidation process a large number of different by-products are generated, which can still be biologically active. The development of analytical techniques, including the reduction of the detection limit to several fg/L, allows the identification of even trace concentrations of compounds. The paper presents the determination of pentachlorophenol and benzo(a)pyrene degradation pathways during the process of heterogeneous photocatalysis carried out in the presence of titanium dioxide. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of post-processing samples indicated the formation of different by-products of the parent micropollutants. Moreover, the toxicity assessment demonstrates for both tested micropollutants an increase in the toxicity within the whole time of the UV irradiation process run.
Isatin Derivatives and Their Antiviral Properties Against Arboviruses: A Review
Authors: De Moraes Gomes Paulo André Teixeira , Pena Lindomar J. , Leite Ana C. Lima
Published: April 2018

Arboviruses have been spreading rapidly throughout the Western Hemisphere in recent decades.
Among the arboviruses with high morbidity and mortality are the members of the Alphavirus and
Flavivirus genera. Within the first genus, Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) is considered one of the most
challenging human arboviral infection worldwide, against which there is no specific antivirals. Flaviviruses
are some of the main viruses responsible for encephalitis, haemorrhagic disease and developmental
defects. Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), West Nile Virus (WNV) and
Zika Virus (ZIKV) are examples of flaviviruses without clinically approved antiviral agents. Thus, the
search for new antivirals becomes highly important. One of the strategies that can be employed to obtain
new drugs is the identification and utilization of privileged structures. Isatin is an example of a
privileged molecular framework, displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antiviral
action. Obtaining and studying the antiviral properties of isatin derivatives have helped to identify
important agents with potential activity against different arboviruses. This article reviews some of
these isatin derivatives, their structures and antiviral properties reported against this important group of
viruses.
N-arylmethylideneaminophthalimide: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Banarouei Nasimossadat , Davood Asghar , Shafaroodi Hamed , Saeedi Ghazaleh , Shafiee Abbas
Published: April 2018

Background and Objective:

N-aryl derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide have
demonstrated cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Also, they possess excellent analgesic and antiinflammatory
activity. In this work, a new series of N-arylmethylideneamino derivatives of
phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide were designed and synthesized.

Methods:

The designed compounds were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate aldehyde and
N-aminophthalimide in ethanol at room temperature at PH around 3. Their analgesic and antiinflammatory
activity were evaluated by acetic acid-induced pain test and carrageenan-induced paw
edema test in mice and rats, respectively.

Results and Conclusion::

The details of the synthesis and chemical characterization of the analogs are
described. In vivo screening showed compounds 3a, 3b, 3f and 3h were the most potent analgesic
compounds. In addition, compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e and 3j indicated comparable anti-inflammatory activity
to indomethacin as a reference drug.
Sulfanilic Acid-catalyzed Synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-substituted isoxazole-5(4H)-ones
Authors: Kiyani Hamzeh , Mosallanezhad Asiyeh
Published: April 2018

Aim and Objective: In recent studies, chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, especially isoxazoles,
has been widely considered by organic chemistry researchers because they have been found in many molecules,
including naturally occurring bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals, and agrichemicals. Isoxazol-
5(4H)-ones and their derivatives, on the other hand, have significant biological properties can be mentioned as
examples of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer, analgesic, fungicidal, and insecticidal activities.
Therefore, the development of ecofriendly methods, such as three-component processes, for the synthesis
of isoxazol-5(4H)-ones is highly desirable. This work focus on the one-pot, three-component reaction
(3-CR) of aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and three β-ketoester using catalytic amounts of sulfanilic
acid (SA) aimed at the synthesis of isoxazol-5(4H)-ones. Another aim of this study is to use water as a green
solvent for the above-mentioned 3-CR.

Materials and Methods: Using SA as an efficient organocatalyst, the multicomponent cyclocondensation of
aromatic/hetero-aromatic aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and ethyl acetoacetate/ethyl 4-
chloroacetoacetate/ethyl benzoylacetate has been implemented. The reactions were carried out in water as a
green solvent at room temperature. The corresponding heterocyclic products were separated by simple filtration
and washing with water. Also, the solvent was removed from the filtrate by evaporation to recycle the
catalyst.

Results:

It was found that SA act as the catalyst for the synthesis of 4-arylidene-3-substituted isoxazole-5(4H)-
ones via three-component reaction of aromatic/hetero-aromatic aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and
three β-dicarbonyl compounds (ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate, and ethyl benzoylacetate). Optimization
of the catalyst quantity and solvent showed that the highest yield was achieved with 20 mol% of SA
in aqueous media. 4-Arylidene-3-substituted isoxazole-5(4H)-ones have been successfully synthesized in the
presence of SA catalyst.

Conclusion:

The SA catalyst could be recovered easily from the filtrate via evaporation of solvent and reused
many times. The present synthetic method is a simple, green, clean, and environmentally friendliness alternative
for synthesizing 4-arylidene-3-substituted isoxazole-5(4H)-ones. Reactions were performed without the
use of heating, microwave and ultrasound irradiations.
Gauzoma in A Scleroderma Patient Following Open Heart Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Nazarinia Mohammadali , Esmaeilzadeh Elmira
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Gauzoma is an iatrogenic complication which occurs rarely due to surgical
team negligence. Depending on the sterility of the retained tissue, it can lead to life threatening
surgical complications or may remain asymptomatic for many years and be detected incidentally in
imaging studies. It may be mistaken as tumors or aneurysms. Thus, high clinical suspicion is
needed to diagnose them in patients with past history of operation.

Reporting Case: A 35 years old woman, a known case of scleroderma underwent open-heart surgery
20 years before being diagnosed as scleroderma, presented by dyspnea especially on activity.
The High Resolution CT (HRCT) for evaluating the interestial lung disease was done which detected
a 7 cm (in greatest diameter) inflammatory mass in posterior aspect of left hemi thorax with
a radiopaque thread in its center. True cut biopsy was done and sent for pathology, which revealed
fragments of foreign body materials probably gauze pad fibers with cell debris and blood.

Conclusion:

Here, we highlighted the details in clinical history, CT findings, and pathology report
of gauzoma in thorax of a scleroderma patient following previous open-heart surgery. It can be
guidance for clinician to consider this diagnosis in patients with past history of operation.
Insights into the Biological Evaluation of Pterocarpanquinones and Carbapterocarpans with Anti-tumor Activity against MDR Leukemias
Authors: Rumjanek Vivian M. , Maia Raquel C. , Salustiano Eduardo J. , Costa Paulo R.R.
Published: April 2018

In an attempt to find anticancer agents that could overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), two new
classes of modified isoflavonoids were designed and synthesized, and their effectiveness evaluated against a
vast array of tumor cell lines. Pterocarpanquinone (LQB-118) and 11a-aza-5-carbapterocarpan (LQB-223) were
the most promising. LQB-118 induced cell death, in vitro, in the µM range, to a number of human cancer cell
lines as well as to fresh tumor cells obtained from patients with acute or chronic myeloid leukemia, independent
on whether they exhibit the MDR phenotype or not. Furthermore, leukemic cells were more sensitive to LQB-
118 compared to cells from solid tumors. Given to mice, in vivo, LQB-118 affected the growth of melanoma,
Ehrlich carcinoma and prostate cancer cells. Conversely, no general toxicity was observed in vivo, by biochemical,
hematological, anatomical or histological parameters and toxicity in vitro against normal cells was low. The
process involved in tumor cell death seemed to vary according to cell type. Apoptosis was studied by externalization
of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, reduced expression of XIAP and survivin,
ER stress, cytosolic calcium increase and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Autophagy was also
evaluated inhibiting caspase-9, with no effect observed in beclin 1, whereas pre-treatment with rapamycin increased
cytotoxicity induced by LQB-118. In addition, LQB-118 increased ROS, inhibited NFκB nuclear translocation
and secretion of TNF-α, modulated microRNAs miR-9 and miR-21 and modified the cell cycle. Despite
being less studied, the cytotoxic effect of the 11a-aza-5-carbapterocarpan LQB-223 was present against several
tumor cell lines, including those with the MDR phenotype.
The Prevalence of HIV Load Suppression and Related Factors Among Patients on ART at Phedisong 4 Clinic, Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Mogosetsi N.J. , Mabuza L.H. , Ogunbanjo G.A.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Globally, the benefits of viral load suppression in improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS have been established. In 2010, the South African Government decentralised ART to the primary care level. This study intended to determine the effect of this decentralisation in achieving viral load suppression among patients.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of HIV viral load suppression and factors related to the suppression among patients initiated on ART at Pedisong 4 clinic, Tshwane District in Pretoria.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted on 98 patients initiated on ART between 01 November 2012 and 30 April 2013. Based on the viral load results, they were divided into those who achieved Viral Load Suppression (VLS), and those who did not (NVLS). Analyses were done using SAS® (version 9.2) for Microsoft software. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Ninety patients (91.8%; 95%CI, 84.7% – 95.8%) achieved viral load suppression while eight (8.2%; 95%CI, 4.2% – 15.3%), did not. Of the 98 patients, 63 (64%) were female. In the NVLS group, the female to male ratio was 7:1 (p = 0.038). There was no relationship between viral load suppression and patients’ baseline characteristics, behavioural characteristics and clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). ART adherence reported in both patient groups was ≥ 87.0%.

Conclusion:

There was good viral load suppression in patients initiated on ART at Pedisong 4 clinic. Patients’ baseline, behavioural and clinical characteristics were not related to viral load suppression, necessitating further large sample size studies in various health facilities.
Miraculous Healings of Chronic Lyme disease, Fibromyalgia and Sarcoidosis without the Use of Pharmaceuticals or Antibiotics
Authors: Sarnat Richard
Published: April 2018

The prevalence of chronic disease seen in the world today is actually due to the failure of our present knowledge base and its inability to discover the root cause of many disease states. Three seemingly unrelated case presentations - Fibromyalgia, chronic Lyme disease and Sarcoidosis are presented as examples of "miraculous healings" which can occur once the infectious agent which is the root cause of a given disease is identified and properly treated.
An indirect comparison of intravenous and subcutaneous belimumab efficacy in patients with SLE and high disease activity
Authors: Ramachandran Sulabha , Parks Daniel , Kurtinecz Milena , Roth David A , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafael
Published: April 2018

Aim:
To compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) belimumab plus standard therapy in patients with active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus and high disease activity (HDA).
Patients & methods:
An indirect treatment comparison using patient-level data of patients with HDA from three belimumab IV Phase III randomized controlled trials (BLISS-52 [BEL110751]; BLISS-76 [BEL110752]; Northeast Asia study [BEL113750]) and one belimumab SC randomized controlled trial (BLISS-SC [BEL112341]).
Results:
Similar efficacy results were identified between the belimumab formulations and greater improvements in efficacy endpoints were observed for both formulations compared with placebo.
Conclusion:
This indirect treatment comparison provides further evidence of the efficacy of belimumab IV and SC in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and HDA, compared with standard therapy.
The Relevance of Turn-Taking to EFL Teaching and Learning: An Awarness Raising and Practice Model
Authors: Hadi Saputro Teguh
Published: April 2018

The Relevance of Turn-Taking to EFL Teaching and Learning: An Awarness Raising and Practice Model
Scientific Approach in Teaching Speaking Used by The English Teacher at SMA Islam Batu
Authors: Rokhyandi Hilwannahl , Sumarsono Puji
Published: April 2018

Scientific Approach in Teaching Speaking Used by The English Teacher at SMA Islam Batu
Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expressions Found in Dave Pelzer's Novel A Child Called 'IT' Into A Child Called 'IT' by Danan Priatmoko
Authors: Sugiarti Lilik , Andini Thathit
Published: April 2018

Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expressions Found in Dave Pelzer's Novel A Child Called 'IT' Into A Child Called 'IT' by Danan Priatmoko
Wikipedia Education Program in higher education settings: Actions and lessons learned from four specific cases in Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Alcazar Carmen , Bucio Jackeline , Ferrante Luisina
Published: April 2018

This article presents a comparative view of efforts and results that have been accomplished by the Wikipedia Education Program working with higher education institutions. Following the idea that “Wikipedia belongs to education”, teachers from all over the world have become interested in including Wikipedia in their courses. This paper analyses experiences and lessons from Wikimedia Argentina and Wikimedia Mexico, both chapters working with higher education institutions, in order to found similar challenges and solutions in the implementation of Wikipedia projects in academic spaces, also in the context of the Initiative for Regional Cooperation for Ibero-America (Iberocoop) that has proposed the creation of a chapter in the region, fostering collaboration and exchange of experiences.
Representação do conhecimento por meio de mapas conceituais no domínio do T-governo
Authors: Santos Paloma Maria , Zancanaro Airton , Dos Santos Neri
Published: April 2018

O termo ciência cognitiva começou a ser amplamente empregado a partir da década de 1970. Por meio do estudo das atividades mentais, a ciência cognitiva busca responder questões epistemológicas relativas à natureza do conhecimento, seus componentes, suas origens, seu desenvolvimento e seu emprego, utilizando-se de representações. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as possíveis formas de representação de conhecimento, este artigo busca organizar o conhecimento concernente a um serviço de governo eletrônico a ser disponibilizado para o cidadão via TV Digital. Como resultado desta pesquisa, foi possível comprovar a eficiência dos mapas conceituais quando na organização e representação do conhecimento envolvido neste domínio de aplicação. Dentre as diversas vantagens apontadas para a utilização de mapas conceituais para este fim, a simplicidade de organização e entendimento da estrutura de conhecimento é certamente a mais evidente.
Educação e Cibercultura: ensinar e aprender com as imagens digitais nos processos comunicacionais na/da internet
Authors: Do Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: April 2018

O texto apresenta parte dos resultados de pesquisa de mestrado recentemente concluída. O objetivo desenvolvido neste trabalho foi promover uma reflexão sobre os usos das imagens digitais nos processos comunicacionais na/da internet, e como as práticas pedagógicas poderiam se beneficiar das dinâmicas colaborativas e interativas da cibercultura. Para isso, busquei auxílio nas contribuições de autores que discutem a cibercultura a partir da ótica dos campos da comunicação e da educação, e na abordagem teórico-metodológica da etnografia virtual para compreender os fenômenos sociais e culturais das redes digitais. Considerando a ampliação dos processos comunicacionais para as interfaces digitais da Web, concluí que seria interessante, enquanto educadores, estarmos atentos à reconfiguração das formas de ensinar e aprender que emergem na relação dos sujeitos com as imagens digitais.
Projeto Borboletas: a apropriação das tecnologias na aprendizagem por projetos
Authors: De Oliveira Aletheia Machado
Published: April 2018

A apropriação das tecnologias no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos consiste numa alternativa viável. O presente texto é o relato de um projeto realizado com uma turma de 1º ano do ensino fundamental, em uma escola pública de educação básica. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um relato de experiência acerca de como o uso das tecnologias podem contribuir com a aquisição de habilidades e competências que são a base para que a criança se desenvolva. Os resultados revelaram que o engajamento dos alunos nas atividades foi bastante satisfatório e que seu uso pode ser aplicado no contexto escolar e, se mostram aliados na construção da aprendizagem.
Similaridade de Papéis Entre Professor-Tutor e Aluno em Cursos a Distância
Authors: Ventura Paula Patrícia Barbosa
Published: April 2018

Esse estudo teve como objetivo investigar a similaridade de papéis desempenhados por professor-tutor e aluno em contextos a distância. A pesquisa foi realizada com 18 alunos do terceiro semestre do curso de Graduação semipresencial em Letras-Português de uma Universidade Federal, uma parceria com a Universidade Aberta do Brasil, no semestre 2008/2. Utilizou-se como método de pesquisa o etnográfico e os princípios da etnografia virtual. Os resultados obtidos validaram os papéis já encontrados na literatura e possibilitaram elencar outros que ainda não estavam propostos. Esses papéis se manifestaram especificamente nos espaços formais de aprendizagem.
Desenvolvimento e Implementação de Indicadores de Colaboração e Participação no Moodle
Authors: Ozório Ferraz Paulo Fernando , Torres de Oliveira Pedro , Hornink Gabriel Gerber
Published: April 2018

A aprendizagem mediado por computador está se expandindo cada vez mais no ensino superior de graduação e pós-graduação, sendo o Moodle um dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagens mais utilizados. Uma das dificuldades no acompanhamento desses cursos é a visualização global das ações dos usuários (estudantes, tutores etc). Objetivou-se nesse trabalho identificar os dados de uso das ferramentas (tabelas de Log) e construir, a partir desses, indicadores de participação e colaboração global, apresentados em gráficos por período. Focou-se na ferramenta o uso por tutores, professores e coordenadores de cursos a distância (EAD), sendo que essa apresentou potencial uso para moderação das interações e acompanhamento global das atividades.
Palavras-chave: Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Avaliação. Indicadores.
Uma aplicação do software educacional PhET como ferramenta didática no ensino da eletricidade
Authors: Araújo Francisco Vanderli , Nobre Francisco Augusto SIlva , Andrade Junior José Adauto , Dantas Claudio Rejane da Silva
Published: April 2018

Um desafio da educação é fazer um bom uso das tecnologias digitais como ferramenta didática no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Trabalhando com essa problemática, o nosso trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar possibilidades e limitações do Portal Tecnologia Educacional em Física (PhET) nas aulas de Física, investigando melhorias na aprendizagem de conceitos básicos de eletricidade, a luz da teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e do uso das TIC. Assim, aplicamos um questionário para análise do conhecimento prévio dos educandos, quando percebemos que para alguns pontos os alunos possuíam concepções, em sua maioria, de senso-comum, fugindo do conhecimento científico. Após a realização das simulações feitas em sala de aula, percebemos que os alunos modificaram esse conhecimento, sendo comprovado através de uma entrevista no final dessa investigação. De acordo com as observações desta pesquisa, percebemos uma real contribuição do PhET no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos conteúdos que nos propomos trabalhar.
A Internet e Seus Espaços de Autoria: a escrita online em fóruns, wikis e blogs
Authors: Medeiros Zulmira , Nascimento Silvania Sousa
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de espaços de autoria em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, buscando compreender as relações que os sujeitos constroem entre si e com o próprio ambiente por meio da escrita online. São caracterizados três espaços de escrita online – fóruns, wikis e blogs – trazendo dados coletados por meio da observação virtual e analisados a partir dos pressupostos da filosofia da linguagem. Ao buscar-se compreender por que o texto é escrito, para quem é escrito, como é escrito e o que mais se puder perceber a partir dessa escrita, reconhece-se o processo educativo nesse ambiente como linguisticamente e socialmente constituído. Os resultados apontaram para o papel determinante da autoria em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, possibilitando ao sujeito uma atitude responsiva ativa e não somente de leitor de materiais postados por uma equipe de tutoria.