bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Analysis of Digital Models of the Dentition Using 3D Technologies in Orthodontics
Authors: Maisigov Jamaleil Bagaudinovich , Kuznetsova Galina Viktorovna , Magomedov Akhmedkhan Magomedramazanovich , Adzhigova Fatima Zurabovna , Magomedova Asiyat Shamilovna , Burdukova Sofia Alekseevna , Mishvelov Artem Evgenevich , Povetkin Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: August 2021

The development of modern computer technologies has made it possible to introduce into orthodontic practice the latest methods of diagnosis and treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies. Domestic orthodontics, which has an extensive scientific base, has received the opportunity for technological development since the beginning of the 90s. The Department of Orthodontics Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Moscow, Russia), throughout its scientific experience, under the guidance of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor L.S. Persina, uses modern diagnostic methods in her diagnostic arsenal to analyze the morphological state of the dentition.
Assessment of Risk Factors Leading to Amputation in Diabetic Neuropathic Ulceration of Foot
Authors: Narindar G. S. Arun
Published: August 2021

More than 65% of the patients were found to have neuropathy and associated deformity 90% of patients had history of trauma predisposing to diabetic ulcer, of which trivial trauma accounts for 60% of injuries .About 35% of these patients presented with abscess and 20% with gangrene. Majority of blood sugar values ranged from 200-350 mgs% with insulin requirements of about 20-40 units per day. 50% of cases were subjected to decompressions which resulted m salvaging of the legs.
Trends of COVID-19 in the Central Africa Sub-region: Effective Health Care, Effect of Endogenous Parameters or a Matter of Time?
Authors: Arsene Mbarga M. J. , Mouafo Hippolyte T. , Podoprigora I. V. , Smolyakova L. A. , Yashina N. V. , Ermolaev A. V. , Mefyod K. M. , Zhygunova A. V.
Published: August 2021

Background: After the worldwide spread of the coronavirus pandemic, several experts predicted a health catastrophe in Africa. However, the expected earthquake ultimately did not occur and the statistics of the number COVID-19 cases and deaths for other continents (Europe, America, Asia) were far higher than those of Africa. This study focused on Central Africa tried to explain this low incidence of COVID-19.

Methodology: A cross-sectional time series method was adopted and the data of COVID-19 cases and deaths for Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe between March and November 2020 were extracted from the World Health Organization COVID-19 database. The evolution of COVID-19 cases and deaths for each country were plotted and the accuracy measures such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Median Absolute Deviation and Mean Squared Displacement were calculated. Association between the countries and the prevalence of cases, deaths and recovered was visualized through principal component analysis.

Results: The results showed that the highest number of cases was observed in Cameroon (21,793) while Sao Tome and Principe scored the smallest one (962). However, based on the total population, the prevalence of COVID-19 cases was high in Sao Tome and Principe (0.436%) and Gabon (0.400%). The highest death percentages (≥2%) were observed in Chad (6.742%), RDC (2.708%) and Angola (2.592%) while the highest recovered percentages were in Gabon (99.10%), Equatorial Guinea (97.62%) and Cameroon (97.02%). Development of traditional medicines and modification of food behavior including consumption of plant extracts appear as the reasons for the highest recovered rates. The accuracy measurements showed that the trend curves were not correlated with the actual evolution of the pandemic, but the Spearman correlation test revealed that except Equatorial Guinea (r=0.042, p=0.817), the evolution of COVID-19 cases and deaths were strongly correlated.

Conclusion: The overall prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 is low in the countries of the Central Africa sub-region despite the problems facing the health systems of these countries.
A Comparative Study of Premenstrual Syndrome among Married and Unmarried Women
Authors: Smitha M.
Published: August 2021

Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by a wide range of psychological, physical, and physiological symptoms. The study's goal was to evaluate and contrast premenstrual symptoms in married and unmarried women. The sample size was 300 women, including 150 unmarried and 150 married women selected by age group at SreeBalaji Medical College and Hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology Out Patient Department. Data was collected from unmarried and married women using a premenstrual symptoms checklist. At the 0.05 level of significance, the value was confirmed to be statistically significant. There was a considerable difference in premenstrual symptoms between unmarried and married women, it can be deduced.
Epidemiology and Evaluation of Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease in Children- A Review
Authors: Fadl Ahmed Abdelsamie , Alsaiari Yaslam Mabruk S. , Dhafer Khadijah Nasr Aldeen M. , Alharbi Marwan Saleh S. , Alelyani Rakan Hamdan M. , Hakami Rana Ali A. , Mushari Rawiah Yahya A. , Jawhari Amani Yahya Hassan , Alshawikhat Rawan Ibrahim , Alqahtani Khalid Mohammed S. , Alanazi Lafi Saleh L.
Published: August 2021

Structure abnormalities of the heart or intrathoracic great vessels that arise during fetal development are known as congenital heart disease (CHD). It is the most frequent type of birth defect. Despite great success in surgical and medicinal care of CHD. many operations are palliative rather than curative. and some survivors still have significant residual hemodynamic and electrical conduction abnormalities. as well as long-term cardiovascular problems. The field of congenital heart defect treatment has come a long way in its infancy. With heart problems that were an automatic death sentence 60 years ago, to contemporary surgical survival rates of more than 96 percent for all defects evaluated together. No other branch of research or medicine has done so much in such a short time. In this paper, we overview epidemiology, evaluation and management of congenital cyanotic heart diseases in children.
Topical Delivery of Fenugreek Seed Extract Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Based Hydrogels for Alopecia
Authors: Ananth P. , Koland Marina
Published: August 2021

Background: Alopecia, a chronic dermatological inflammatory condition affecting the hair follicles. Conventional treatments are associated with the risk of serious side effects. The stratum corneum limits the percutaneous absorption of drugs. Hence, the development of novel herbal formulations for topical delivery has been the target, with the enhancement of their therapeutic efficacy and safety of use.

Aims: To formulate and characterize Fenugreek seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles carrier for the management of Alopecia to reduce the systemic side effects.

Methodology: Fenugreek seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by melt emulsification accompanied by probe sonication. The formulation was prepared using GMS, Tween 80, and Soya lecithin as Lipid, Surfactant, and Co-Surfactant. The SLN was incorporated into carbapol 934 dispersion to convert it into a gel. The SLN formulation was evaluated for size, Polydispersity Index, Zeta Potential, Entrapment efficiency, Transmission Electron Microscopy. After that, the SLN gel was examined for Spreadability, Extrudabilty, Viscosity, In vitro drug release, Ex vivo permeation, and Skin deposition studies.

Results: The formulated Fenugreek seed extract loaded showed a particle size of 223.36 nm with a narrow PDI of 0.313. Entrapment efficiency revealed that 74.56±0.12% of the drug was entrapped. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the spherical nature of the SLN. The extended-release pattern of the formulated SLN for 24h was observed in the in vitro release studies and followed Higuchi model(R2=0.9964). Ex vivo permeability showed a 72.05±0.15% deposition of Fenugreek seed extract loaded SLN. The formulation was stable for three months without significant changes.

Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract loaded NLC demonstrated enhanced permeation, improved skin retention, and extended release compared to conventional gel. The developed formulation would be further used for in vivo studies and by seeing above results it can be an alternative for Alopecia in the future.
A Case Report on Scleroderma: A Diagnostic Dilema
Authors: Male Ch. K. V. L. S. N. Anjana , Varikallu Hari Chandana , Swapna Tirumalasetty Sai , Dileep N. , Prasad S. Hemanth Durga , Nalla Sarath
Published: August 2021

Scleroderma is a rare heterogenous group of autoimmune fibrosing disorder that mainly exists in two forms; localized scleroderma (LS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). It involves thickening of the skin at fingers region extending from proximal to metacarpophalangeal joints. The diagnostic criteria of scleroderma include past history of patient, symptoms of patient, serology, and skin biopsy. The morbidity and mortality are much worse for SSc with the patients are at risk for life threatening lung, heart and other visceral organ fibrosis and vasculopathy. There is no drug that can cure or stop scleroderma over fibrosis, but certain drugs regulate the symptoms associated with it and boost the patient's quality of life, particularly steroidal creams that help alleviate swelling, joint pain, loosen tight skin; blood pressure drugs that dilate blood vessels; immunosuppressive agents. If the disease is severe amputation is necessary.
Study on Haemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation using McCOY and Macintosh Laryngoscopes: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Barish M.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are known to cause increase in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and may be associated with various dysarythmias. This study is done to compare the hemodynamic changes with McCOY laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope in 120 patients who were divided into 2 groups.

Methods: A positive correlation has been demonstrated between force exerted at laryngoscopy and patient's height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and presence of maxillary incisors but it was seen that effect of these factors on force exerted with the McCOY blade is not as important as with Macintosh blade. So this study was done to compare the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation using McCOY and Macintosh laryngoscope in stress attenuation.

Results: Maximum increase in heart rate from the baseline after laryngoscopy in group 2 and a least rise in heart rate from base line in group 1.Group 1 has 9 % increase in heart rate from basal value. Group 2 has 22 % increases in heart rate from basal value. Group 1 has 6 % increase in  Systolic BP from basal value Group 2 has 27 % increase in Systolic BP from basal value. Rise in Plasma adrenaline after laryngoscopy was not observed in Laryngoscopy with McCOY blade.

Conclusion: McCOY laryngoscope produces significantly less in Hemodynamic parameters when compared with Macintosh blade.So this non­pharmacological intervention of McCOY blade can be utilized as a tool for obtunding hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation
Comparison of Midazolam with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl with Bupivacaine in Caudal Epidural Analgesia for Efficacy and Duration of Post­ Operative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infra Umblical Surgeries
Authors: Sangeetha B.
Published: August 2021

Caudal anaesthesia is a useful adjunct to general anaesthesia for infra umbilical surgeries in children as it provides post-operative analgesia and reduces pen­ operative narcotic requirements There is prolongation o. f duration of analgesia by mean duration of 318.20±24.49 minutes with addition Fentanyl to Bupivacaine. When comparing the efficacy of two differential drugs fentanyl I µg/kg and midazolam 5 0µg/kg in combination with Bupivacaine 0.2 5%, lml/kg.  Duration of analgesia was found significantly more in group using Fentanyl with mean duration of 318.20 ± 24.49 minutes compared to Midazolam with mean duration of 247.25 ±12.19 minutes.
Health Systems Are Struggling to Keep Up With AI—A National Registration System Could Help
Authors: Perlis Roy , Rubin Rita
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with Michael Pencina, PhD, Duke Health’s chief data scientist, about the need for health systems to collaborate to keep up with the AI revolution.
US Tobacco 21 Policies and Potential Mortality Reductions by State
Authors: Tam Jamie , Crippen Alyssa , Friedman Abigail , Jeon Jihyoun , Colston David C. , Fleischer Nancy L. , Vander Woude Catherine A. , Boelter Megan A. , Holford Theodore R. , Levy David T. , Meza Rafael
Published: December 2024

Importance

Research shows that Tobacco 21 (T21) policies with a minimum legal access age for tobacco products of 21 years reduce smoking, yet their impact varies across US states due to differences in smoking behaviors, mortality rates, and policy coverage.

Objective

To quantify potential reductions in smoking-attributable mortality associated with Tobacco 21 policies for each of the 50 states and Washington, DC.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Cancer Intervention Surveillance and Modeling Network (CISNET) Tobacco Control Policy Model of smoking was used with detailed state-specific data on smoking initiation, smoking cessation and mortality rates as they vary by age, gender, and birth cohort for 50 US states and the District of Columbia. This was integrated with comprehensive data on T21 policy coverage at the local and state levels from 2005 to 2024, and then T21 policy effects from quasi-experimental studies were applied to simulate each state’s experience of T21 policies, quantifying potential mortality reductions from 2005 to 2100.

Exposures

Cigarette smoking.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Estimated smoking-attributable deaths averted and life-years gained compared with a baseline scenario.

Results

Early statewide T21 adoption in California, combined with its large population, was associated with more than 27 000 premature deaths averted through 2100, whereas statewide implementation in Kentucky was associated with 15 000 averted premature deaths. In Massachusetts, T21 policies were associated with 8000 averted premature deaths, largely attributed to municipal T21 policies covering most residents. Wisconsin—lacking state or local policies—requires enforcement of federal T21 to prevent up to 10 000 premature deaths. Across the country, comprehensive enforcement of federal, state, and local T21 laws were associated with up to 526 000 premature deaths averted and 13.3 million life-years gained by 2100. Enforcement of only state and local policies was associated with 442 000 premature deaths averted.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that early adoption and implementation of T21 policies maximizes potential premature mortality reductions. However, the strength of T21 policies and enforcement varies widely across states. Enforcement of the federal T21 law is critical in the 8 states without state-level T21 cigarette policies of their own.
High-Risk Opioid Prescribing and Nurse Practitioner Independence
Authors: Cusimano Lucas D. , Maestas Nicole
Published: December 2024

Importance

Concerns around excessive opioid prescribing have been used to argue against the expansion of the scope of practice of nurse practitioners (NPs), but the association of NP practice independence with high-risk opioid prescribing is not well understood.

Objective

To assess whether the rates of high-risk opioid prescribing changed in association with NP independence legislation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This difference-in-differences analysis compared rates of high-risk opioid prescribing in 6 states over 2 years following the adoption of NP independence compared with 10 neighboring nonadopting states from January 2012 to December 2021. Prescription insurance claims for 2 874 213 continuously enrolled individuals (members) aged 18 to 64 years from Blue Cross Blue Shield Axis were analyzed. Data analysis was carried out from 2021 to 2024.

Exposure

Timing of the legislative effective date of NP independence in a state.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the rate of opioid prescriptions that overlapped with a prescription for a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Secondary outcomes included the number of days of opioid-CNS depressant overlap, as well as the dosage and days supplied of opioids among all members and among opioid-naive members.

Results

Six states that adopted NP independence legislation and 10 nonadopting neighboring states were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and had comparable pretrends in prescribing. The estimated change in the rate of opioid prescriptions that overlapped with a CNS depressant was −0.03 per 100 members per month (95% CI, −0.11 to 0.05). Changes in the number of days of opioid-CNS depressant overlap and in the dosage and days supplied of opioids among all members and among opioid-naive members were also small and statistically insignificant.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this difference-in-differences analysis suggest that there was no relative increase in rates of high-risk opioid prescribing during the 2 years following the adoption of independence for NPs.
Cat and Dog Exposures to Cocaine or Methamphetamine
Authors: Ware Orrin D. , Schmid Renee
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study examines trends in cat and dog exposures to cocaine or methamphetamine using data from a specialty animal poison control center in the US.
Transcription as a double‐edged sword in genome maintenance
Authors: Ouyang Jian
Published: December 2024

Genome maintenance is essential for the integrity of the genetic blueprint, of which only a small fraction is transcribed in higher eukaryotes. DNA lesions occurring in the transcribed genome trigger transcription pausing and transcription‐coupled DNA repair. There are two major transcription‐coupled DNA repair pathways. The transcription‐coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC‐NER) pathway has been well studied for decades, while the transcription‐coupled homologous recombination repair (TC‐HR) pathway has recently gained attention. Importantly, recent studies have uncovered crucial roles of RNA transcripts in TC‐HR, opening exciting directions for future research. Transcription also plays pivotal roles in regulating the stability of highly specialized genomic structures such as telomeres, centromeres, and fragile sites. Despite their positive function in genome maintenance, transcription and RNA transcripts can also be the sources of genomic instability, especially when colliding with DNA replication and forming unscheduled pathological RNA:DNA hybrids (R‐loops), respectively. Pathological R‐loops can result from transcriptional stress, which may be induced by transcription dysregulation. Future investigation into the interplay between transcription and DNA repair will reveal novel molecular bases for genome maintenance and transcriptional stress‐associated genomic instability, providing therapeutic targets for human disease intervention.
Going public about seeking treatment or being in recovery: A dilemma
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

When a public figure avows that he will stop drinking, as Pete Hegseth, nominated by President‐Elect Trump to head the Department of Defense, reportedly said he will do if confirmed (https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/pete‐hegseth‐back‐scrutiny‐grows‐misconduct‐allegations/story?id=116444894), the recovery movement squirms. Another public figure, Aaron Peskin, supervisor of San Francisco, also has a history of drinking, says he will enter treatment and has been public about the entire problem, most recently suggesting that even Trump and Putin drink when they are together. It is well known that Trump does not drink and derides alcoholism; for this reason many thought he would withdraw Hegseth's nomination. But he hasn't, and both men indicate that they will move forward.
End‐of‐year sees downsizing at Faces & Voices of Recovery
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2024

Faces & Voices of Recovery was riding high on various contracts and grants over the past few years. This important organization does much for people who may be seeking treatment, and traditionally for those who are in recovery. The organization, based in Washington, D.C., last week had to let many employees go.
Enteroendocrine Cells Sense Sucrose and Alter Enteric Neuron Excitability via Insulin Signaling
Authors: Snyder Jessica R , Ahmed Minhal , Bhave Sukhada , Hotta Ryo , Koppes Ryan A. , Goldstein Allan M. , Koppes Abigail N.
Published: December 2024

Neurosensory circuits of the gastrointestinal tract sense microbial and nutrient changes in the gut; however, studying these circuits in vivo is hindered by invasive techniques and ethical concerns. Here, an in vitro model of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and calcium reporting enteric neurons (ENs) is established and validated for functional signaling. Both mechanical and sucrose stimulation of co‐cultures increased the percentage of neurons undergoing a calcium flux, indicating an action potential. Neuronal activation is blocked with either a piezo or insulin receptor blocker. At baseline, a flow only stimulus elicited 51.9% of neurons to activate in co‐culture, which is decreased to 15.1% with a piezo blocker. Piezo blocked and sucrose stimulated EECs increased neuronal activation to 43.9%, and an insulin blocker reduced response to 12.4%. Since a cell line is used to model the EEC in the previous experiments, primary rat duodenal epithelium enriched for EECs are also stimulated and found to produced measurable insulin. This work shows the ability of EECs to produce insulin and for ENs to sense insulin. These results inspire further work on how insulin production outside the pancreas effects diabetes, insulin as a neurotransmitter, and exploration of additional nutritional and microbiotic stimuli on enteroendocrine‐to‐neuronal signaling.
High‐Temperature Oxidation Behavior and Grinding Performance of CoCrFeMnNi High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Zhang Jiangyu , Liu Yueqiu , Chen Yanling , Liu Shizhao
Published: December 2024

Herein, the mechanical properties, oxidation behavior, and processing performance of the CoCrFeNiMn high‐entropy alloy are investigated using multiple characterization methods. The alloy exhibits a yield stress of 462 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1037 MPa, and a fracture strain of 31.8% at room temperature. Oxidation tests reveal that the oxide layer consists of an outermost oxide layer and a Cr2O3 layer at both 1000 and 1200 °C. The Cr2O3 layer formed at 1000 °C is dense and continuous, whereas it transitions from continuous to discontinuous as the temperature increases to 1200 °C. Localized peeling of the oxide layer is observed at 1200 °C due to the diminished protective effect of the Cr2O3 layer and the increased stress in the oxide layer caused by the formation of multiple complex oxides. Grinding experiments indicate that both the grinding force and surface roughness increase as the load increases. Additionally, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results show that the oxygen content of particles at a 120 N is higher than at 60 and 90 N, suggesting an elevated grinding temperature at 120 N, which leads to the formation of bonded convex particles.
Accessible and Effective Nanomedicines: Self‐Assembly Products From Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs)
Authors: Wang Ya‐Lei , Mu Yan , Zhang Ya‐Li , Luo Xuanzhi , Peng Tiantian , Tan Yan , Wang Xu , Feng Lei , Chen Jianxin , Hua Qian
Published: December 2024

The emergence of nanotechnology has significantly promoted the development of the medical field, and the development of nanomedicines has broadened the application potential of existing drugs. However, at present, many new types of nanomedicines suffer from poor stability, uncertain safety, complex preparation processes, and high costs. The development of nano‐ Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) has provided new ideas for the application of nanomedicines. Nano‐CHMs are simple to prepare, easily accessible, and possess stable and reliable safety. This review highlighted nanoparticles with pharmacological activities are the important material basis for CHM formula decoctions. Given the complex composition of CHM formulas, the article further presented the nanoaggregates and exosome‐like vesicle nanostructures in single herbs, and self‐assembly effect of natural compounds. For the first time, this article systematically introduced the composition and characteristics of nanoparticles from CHM formulas to single herbs and then to natural compounds, from nano‐aggregates with unclear components to exosome‐like vesicle structures and then to self‐assembled structures of supramolecular materials. It also summarized the problems to be solved in the research of CHMs nanoparticles and the potential for further applications, aiming to provide guidance for the modernization of CHMs ‐related nanoparticles.
A Synergistic Hybrid of Sr3B2O6‐SryTi0.6Fe0.4O3‐δ (y < 1) as a Cathode for High‐Performance Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis via Protonic Ceramic Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Wang Kaihui , Zan Wenyan , Li Yawei , Li Si‐Dian , Shao Zongping , Chen Huili
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e‐NRR) presents a promising approach for environmentally friendly ammonia synthesis. However, the efficiency of ammonia synthesis can be hindered by competitive hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). Therefore, the development of a catalyst capable of suppressing HER is essential. In this study, a synergistic hybrid catalyst Sr(Ti0.6Fe0.4)0.8B0.2O3‐δ [S(TF)B0.2], composed of Sr3B2O6 (SB) and SryTi0.6Fe0.4O3‐δ (SyTF, y<1) is synthesized and used as an electrocatalyst for electrochemical ammonia synthesis via protonic ceramic electrolysis cells, in which SB is utilized as a proton acceptor, thereby inhibiting HER and promoting proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) for the ammonia synthesis. The formation of SB results in a deficiency of A‐site cations in SyTF, leading to an increased number of oxygen vacancies in S(TF)B0.2. DFT calculation indicates that oxygen vacancies facilitate ammonia generation and desorption, adhering to the enzymatic pathway for NH3 synthesis. Additionally, the grain boundary (GB) between SyTF and SB introduces further defects, which contribute to the enhancement of the eNRR. Research indicates that utilizing S(TF)B0.2 as a catalyst enhances both the ammonia synthesis rate and Faradaic efficiency. This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach for the fabrication of eNRR catalysts.
Ultralight Polymer‐Based Current Collectors With Enhanced Transverse Conductivity via 3D Conductive Interlayers for Safe and High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Nuo , Zhao Jie , Zhang Yue , Song Ruifeng , Zhang Nan , Cui Yanming , Lin Jiu , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui
Published: December 2024

Compared to commercial current collectors (CCs), polymer‐based current collectors (PBCCs) significantly enhance the energy and safety of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the inherent transverse non‐conductivity of traditional PBCCs necessitates the use of complex welding processes during cell assembly thus sacrificing the energy density, stemming from the insulating nature of the intermediate polymer layer in PBCCs. Here, newly designed PI‐CNTs‐Al and PI‐CNTs‐Cu PBCCs are developed by integrating highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the polymer interlayer, which is coated with two metal layers to facilitate longitudinal conductivity. The incorporation of CNTs forms a 3D conductive network within the interlayer, substantially improving the transverse conductivity of PI‐CNTs‐Al and PI‐CNTs‐Cu from 2.19×10−9 and 1.89×10−9 S m−1 to 1.02 and 1.15 S m−1. Furthermore, the addition of CNTs enhances the bonding strength at the metal‐polymer interface, effectively mitigating separation defects commonly observed in traditional PI‐Al and PI‐Cu CCs. The engineered PBCCs can be utilized directly as CCs for cell assembly without complex conductive components. Importantly, the fully charged 1.5 Ah cell, achieving an energy density of 235.8 Wh kg−1 with a 9.0% improvement, successfully endures rigorous needling tests, which can be attributed to the enhanced tensile strength and reduced fracture strain ratio of the PBCCs.
Understanding the Role of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Electronic Phase Changes of Nickelates
Authors: Guasco Laura , Pons Rebecca , Cortie David , Bannenberg Lars J. , Wochner Peter , Goering Eberhard , Nagel Peter , Schuppler Stefan , Hayashida Shohei , Merkle Rotraut , Keimer Bernhard , Keller Thomas , Benckiser Eva
Published: December 2024

Many electronic and electrochemical devices rely on the exchange of light elements such as hydrogen and oxygen with the environment. Understanding and tailoring the device functionality requires accurate information about the concentration and chemical bonding of such species inside a solid, which is particularly difficult if several species are exchanged. In LaNiO3 thin films in situ transport experiments reveal a re‐entrant metal–insulator transition upon hydrogen exposure. The origin of this unusual behavior can be understood by combining information about the stoichiometry and chemical bonding of hydrogen and oxygen as determined by neutron reflectometry and x‐ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively. In addition to the metallic parent phase, an insulating phase with composition LaNiO2.65 and a re‐entrant metallic phase with composition LaNiO2.15(OH)0.5 are identified. They can be inter‐converted by redox reactions in different external environments. The methodology employed offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying the influence of hydrogen in functional devices.
Single‐Site Mn‐Doped Ru/RuO2 Heterostructure for Acidic Overall Water‐Splitting
Authors: Dong Shuting , Wang Peisan , Li Zhiqiang , Wei Lingzhi , Liu Shoujie , Yang Yang , Zheng Fangcai
Published: December 2024

Acidic overall water‐splitting driven by consistent electricity is an efficient and economical method for producing green hydrogen. However, developing highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in acidic conditions remains a challenge. Here, single‐atom Mn sites are introduced into Ru/RuO₂ heterostructures (Mn(SAs)‐Ru/RuO2) as bifunctional electrocatalysts, achieving low overpotentials of 39 and 158 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, while maintaining long‐term durability for overall water‐splitting over 500 h at 1.47 V in 0.5 m H2SO4. It outperforms most previously reported bifunctional electrocatalysts. Theoretical calculations show that the charge redistribution caused by single‐site Mn dopants optimizes the adsorption of OOH* and H* at Ru sites, significantly boosting electrochemical kinetics for both OER and HER. This work presents an effective single‐site metal doping strategy to optimize the charge distribution of bifunctional electrocatalysts for acidic overall water‐splitting.
From Elementary to Advanced Design of Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks: A User Guide to Deciphering the Reticular Chemistry Toolbox
Authors: Guillerm Vincent , Jiang Hao , Alezi Dalal , Alsadun Norah , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Here, the fundamental requirements are described for understanding and using topology tools in the design of porous materials, emphasizing the relationships between nets, metal–organic framework (MOF) structures, nodes, and building blocks. Common design approaches are discussed, highlighting prerequisites for the rational design of MOFs, such as those with simple pcu topology through the molecular building block approach, or axial‐to‐axial pillaring. The importance of highly connected nets and building units is emphasized for achieving structural predictability. The geometrical requirements are detailed for designing highly connected MOFs using more elaborate strategies: MOFs with rht topology through the supermolecular building block approach, tbo topology through the supermolecular building layer approach, and sph topology through a merged net approach The potential for innovation through deviations from default nets, such as introducing a geometry mismatch is addressed, which can lead to novel materials with unique zeolitic structures. Examples include MOFs with sodalite (sod) topology, developed through cantellation or mixed‐ligand approaches inspired by ancestral architectural methods, utilizing centring structure‐directing agents. Key insights for researchers are provided to facilitate the application and expansion of design strategies to new chemical systems. The only limit is imagination, along with some chemical, physical, and thermodynamical principles, of course.
Durable Self‐Powered Wireless IoT Machine Condition Monitoring System Based on an Auto‐Switching Non‐Contact Centrifugal TENG
Authors: Mehamud Idiris , Björling Marcus , Marklund Pär , Shi Yijun
Published: December 2024

The long‐term intelligent machine condition monitoring system is essential in improving maintenance costs and decision‐making. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has a great advantage in developing self‐powered machine condition monitoring. The main issues preventing TENG for such applications are poor integration to machine components, limited operational range, and weak durability. In this work, durable non‐contact TENG energy harvester adaptive is designed to mechanical shafts for harvesting rotational energy. The harvester is designed to automatically switch to the non‐contact mode by using centrifugal force to avoid manual switching while operating over a wide range of speeds of 0–2000 rpm. The designed TENG generates a high output of up to 25 mW with excellent stability for >20 days of continuous operation and exhibits a high‐power density of 286 W m−3. Moreover, a self‐powered long‐term continuous condition monitoring system is developed from a TENG sensor, energy harvester, and wireless module. The developed system successfully sends possible machine fault frequency every 74 min to the cloud and accessible anywhere. This is the only TENG design reported in the literature that can fully power a Wi‐Fi module to send data. Hence, the result promises the practical application of the system in developing internet of things (IoT) in the Industry.
Fire‐Resistant Carboxylate‐Based Electrolyte for Safe and Wide‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yi , Yao Nan , Yao Yu‐Xing , Xu Lei , Wen Xue‐Fei , Li Zeheng , Yang Zhuo‐Lin , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: December 2024

The combustion accident and narrow temperature range of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) limit its further expansion. Non‐flammable solvents with a wide liquid range hold the key to safer LIBs with a wide temperature adaptability. Herein, a carboxylate‐based weak interaction electrolyte is achieved by molecular design, which consists of EDFA (ethyl difluoroacetate), 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropylether, and fluoroethylene carbonate. The inherent non‐flammable and wide liquid‐rang features of the electrolyte ensure the safety as well as the wide operating temperature of a battery. The high affinity between FSI− anions and counter Li+ guarantees a stable and inorganic‐components‐dominated electrolyte/electrode interphase with rapid Li+ de‐solvation kinetics, leading to perfect compatibility with graphite and avoiding side reactions between lithiated graphite and electrolyte. The rationally designed EDFA‐based electrolyte enables the thick graphite (4.4 mAh cm−2) || LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (4.0 mAh cm−2) cells to operate efficiently in a wide temperature range from −30 to 45 °C. The proposed EDFA‐based electrolyte enables the commercial 1.0 Ah graphite || NCA (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, >3.2 mAh cm−2) pouch cells stably cycle for >1100 cycles (>85% capacity retention) at 0.3C and >800 cycles at 1.0C (>92% capacity retention), while also endows the graphite/SiOx and Li anode‐based batteries with high energy density, long lifespan and high safety.
Designing Copolymeric SEI Layer Based on Click Reaction toward Ultralow N/P Ratio and Long Cycle Life Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Baohua , Ma Xue , Wang Qinghong , Zhang Shilin , Yuwono Jodie , Jin Huanyu , Qiu Juan , Ma Houyi , Wang Chao , Lai Chao
Published: December 2024

Balancing interfacial interactions is critical to the reversibility and cycle stability of Zn ion batteries, as severe chemical corrosion and undesirable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are inevitable for Zn anode in aqueous electrolytes during the charge/discharge process. Herein, a multi‐functional copolymeric solid/electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, self‐assembling on Zn anode based on the click reaction between epoxy silane and thioalcohol, is employed to eliminate these side reactions. The dense and robust SEI layer can not only physically repel water from the surface of the Zn anode to effectively inhibit the chemical corrosion and HER but also facilitate the desolvation of Zn2+ to accelerate the kinetic process. Additionally, it also can regulate the interfacial ion flux and induce the preferred Zn plating with (002) crystallographic orientation, enabling dendrite‐free Zn deposition. As a result, a stable Zn anode with a long cycle life of ≈200 h at a depth of discharge (DoD) of 60% is achieved. The Zn||V2O5 full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 165.2 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at an ultralow N/P ratio (the capacity of the negative electrode to the capacity of the positive electrode) of 2.5. The construction of this robust copolymeric SEI layer provides a new pathway for the development of practical Zn ion batteries.
Enabling Optoelectronics in Harsh Environments: Laser‐Printed Perovskite Films with Exceptional Stability Under Extreme Radiation, Thermal Stress, and Humidity
Authors: Yuce‐Cakir Hurriyet , Dremann Derek , Morel Jarlem L. , Khan Sharmistha , Deconinck Marielle , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Nie Wanyi , Vaynzof Yana , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: December 2024

Perovskite optoelectronics are regarded as a disruptive technology, but their susceptibility to environmental degradation and reliance on toxic solvents in traditional processing methods pose significant challenges to their practical implementation. Herein, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films processed via a solvent‐free laser printing technique, that exhibit exceptional stability, are reported. These films withstand extreme conditions, including high doses of X‐ray radiation exceeding 200 Gy, blue laser illumination, 90% relative humidity, and thermal stress up to 80 °C for over 300 min in air. We demonstrate that laser‐printed films maintain their structural integrity and optoelectronic properties even after prolonged exposure to these stressors, significantly surpassing the stability of conventionally processed films. The enhanced stability is attributed to the unique film formation mechanism and resulting defect‐tolerant microstructure. These results underscore the potential of laser printing as a scalable, safe, and sustainable manufacturing route for producing stable perovskite‐based devices with potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from renewable energy to large‐area electronics and space exploration.
Treatment outcomes of hepatectomy and systemic chemotherapy based on oncological resectability criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Komatsu Shohei , Yano Yoshihiko , Ishihara Nobuaki , Kido Masahiro , Gon Hidetoshi , Fukushima Kenji , Urade Takeshi , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Toyama Hirochika , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: December 2024

Aim

The oncological resectability criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have recently been established (R/BR1/BR2), and validating the outcomes is an urgent issue. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of hepatectomy and systemic chemotherapy based on the oncological resectability criteria.

Methods

A total of 931 patients in the hepatectomy group and 273 in the systemic chemotherapy group who received atezolizumab/bevacizumab, lenvatinib, or durvalumab plus tremelimumab were recruited.

Results

The median survival times (MST) in the hepatectomy group were R, 107.2 mo; BR1, 44.4 mo; and BR2, 18.4 mo (p < 0.0001). The MSTs in the systemic chemotherapy group were R, 16.3 mo; BR1, 24.5 mo; and BR2, 16.1 mo (p = 0.3598). A comparison of survival of patients in the BR2 category revealed no significant difference between the two groups for those with modified albumin‐bilirubin grade 1 + 2a (p = 0.7343) and grade 2b + 3 (p = 0.6589). The BR2 definition comprised three tumor factors, and the MST of patients with only one BR2‐defining factor tended to be better in the hepatectomy group than in the systemic chemotherapy group (22.9 vs 20.2 mo, p = 0.0977). Meanwhile, the MST tended to be better in the systemic chemotherapy group than in the hepatectomy group (16.5 vs 12.6 mo) for those with two to three BR2‐defining factors, although the difference was insignificant (p = 0.4252).

Conclusion

The oncological resectability criteria for HCC effectively stratified the prognosis after hepatectomy. Treatment outcomes of hepatectomy in patients with two to three BR2‐defining factors are limited, suggesting the need for multidisciplinary treatment.
Hearing Loss Is Associated With Increased Mortality in a Cohort of Older Construction Trades Workers
Authors: Dement John , Ringen Knut , Cloeren Marianne , Almashat Sammy , Grier William , Quinn Patricia , Cranford Kim , Chen Anna , Haas Scott
Published: December 2024

Background

Hearing loss has been associated with increased mortality, and there is evidence that regular use of hearing aids reduces the mortality risk. However, these associations have not been sufficiently studied in worker populations at high risk for noise‐induced hearing loss.

Methods

Medical examination data for 19,379 workers employed in US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities were used. Speech‐frequency pure‐tone average hearing loss and hearing aid use were ascertained. Mortality status through 2021 was obtained from the National Death Index. Cox regression examined the association between hearing loss and mortality and the impact of hearing aid use.

Results

Eight thousand eighty‐one workers (41.3%) had speech‐frequency hearing loss and 2228 (15.3%) of these workers reported use of hearing aids. A total of 5398 deaths occurred over a median follow‐up of 11.1 years. Hearing loss was an independent risk factor for higher mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.10 (95% CI = 1.03−1.17). The HR increased with hearing loss severity but the relationship was non‐linear. Hearing aid users were at 30% reduced risk of mortality compared to those not using hearing aids (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63−0.77).

Conclusions

Results are consistent with research linking hearing loss with increased mortality and the preventive impact of hearing aid use. These findings should inform workers' compensation programs in favor of: (1) better coverage of hearing loss for noise‐exposed workers, and (2) inclusion of hearing aids in medical benefits. Reduction in noise exposures is a priority and workers with hearing loss should be encouraged to use hearing aids.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Proteus Syndrome: About a Case
Authors: Giovannangeli Luana , Magry Virginie , Jobic Florence , Messaoudi Kahia , Darwiche Walaa , Perriere Marianne , Billes Alexis , Delmas Lanta Ségolène , Masurel Alice , Morin Gilles , Jedraszak Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare disorder (< 1/1000000), marked by progressive overgrowth commonly impacting the skeleton, skin, adipose tissue, and central nervous system. Clinical criteria were established in 2019. PS arises from a somatic activating variation in the AKT1 gene. We report the second case of PS diagnosed prenatally using whole exome sequencing (WES). A 34‐year‐old woman was referred for nonvisualized anterior brain structures and genital anomalies. At 21 weeks of gestation (WG), ultrasonography confirmed brain anomalies, genital anomalies, and macrosomia. Array‐CGH revealed no pathogenic imbalances (arr(X,1‐22)×2). Follow‐up ultrasound (25 WG) and MRI (27 WG) also showed a megalencephaly, leading to WES on amniocytes. The reported mosaic variation in AKT1 was identified. Medical termination of pregnancy occurred at 30 + 1 WG. We present a case of PS confirmed prenatally via WES. To date, six cases of prenatal PS suspicion have been reported, four of which lacked molecular diagnosis. Calculating prenatal clinical scores indicate PS could not be definitively diagnosed without molecular confirmation. Certain features, such as limb malformation and gray matter heterotopia, seem to be significant in prenatal diagnosis. WES, with an average coverage depth of 130X, is valuable for diagnosing suspected PS.
Green Synthesis of Urethane‐Linked Tamarind Seed Xyloglucan: Thermal Stability, Antibacterial Properties, and DFT Study
Authors: Silvadas Jesna Das , Pillai Renjith Sasimohanan , Viswanadhan Girija Resmi , Simi Chandroth Kalyad
Published: December 2024

This study presents a feasible, one‐pot synthesis approach for the preparation of a composite biopolymer material derived from tamarind seed xyloglucan (XG) by utilizing isocyanate chemistry. Through a facile reaction process, urethane bonds are formed in XG, resulting in the formation of a crosslinked network. FTIR spectra confirm the successful urethane link formation in XG via the OH‐NCO reaction, and CHN analysis provides insights into the elemental composition. The synthesized XG‐urethane composite (U‐XG) exhibits enhanced thermal stability compared to native XG, with an enhanced degradation temperature (T5%) of 276°C (XG marked T5% at a lower temperature of 163°C). The optimized geometric structure, hydrogen bond types, and hydrogen bond strength of the synthesized U‐XG are computationally studied by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level. This study also investigates the antibacterial efficacy of both XG and U‐XG against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, including gram‐positive bacteria such as S. aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as gram‐negative E. coli. The U‐XG demonstrates superior antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis compared to pristine XG. This research showcases the feasibility of a one‐pot synthesis approach for preparing urethane‐linked XG with enhanced thermal properties and superior antibacterial activity, offering promising prospects for biomedical and antimicrobial applications.