bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of cesarean delivery after induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin drip among women undergoing induction of labor at Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Mulualem Tenagnework D. , Assefa Kibir T.
Published: May 2020

Background: The number of delivering women undergoing an induction of labor is greater than 20% and continues to rise. Simultaneously, the cesarean delivery rate continues to increase as well. This increase has resulted from evidence-based recommendations on how to handle certain conditions. Labor induction has been associated with increased likelihood of cesarean birth for some groups of women.

Methods: Institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 319 women medical chard who undergone induction of labor with oxytocin infusion at Dessie referral hospital. Systematic sampling techniques was used to select the samples. The data was cleaned, edited, coded, and entered in to EPI INFO version 3.5 and exported and analyzed by SPSS with windows version 20.0.  

Results: A total of 319 delivery records were reviewed. Out of this 256 (80.3%) was successful induction of labor. Incidence of cesarean section after induction of labor with oxytocin infusion among women at Dessie referral hospital was 136 (42.6%). The most frequent cause of induction of labor was due to hypertensive disorder 133 (41.7%) followed by pre labor rupture of membrane 111 (34.8%). Cesarean section was done due to failed induction of labor 63 (19.7%) followed by fetal distress 40 (12.5%).

Conclusions: In present study incidence of cesarean delivery after induction of labor was 42.6%. Most frequent cause of induction of labor was due to hypertensive disorder followed by pre-labor rupture of membrane. Cesarean section was done due to failed induction of labor followed by fetal distress.
Effect of Irsale Alaq (leech therapy) in thrombosed pile mass: a case study
Authors: Afroz Ansari Tahezeeb , Najar Firdous Ahmad , Faisal Mohd , Fatima Masarat
Published: May 2020

Among all the diseases of gastrointestinal disorders haemorrhoid is the commonest and troublesome disease. Haemorrhoids are dilated veins within the anal canal. The condition becomes worse after thrombosis and strangulation of the pile mass. Urgent surgical intervention is required in all the cases. Patient strucks in serious woe and seeks urgent surgical attention. Leeches can be used as a successful tool in this situation for the purpose of bloodletting as accumulation of morbid humor is the main cause of haemorrhoid in Unani system of medicine. In present case study, a patient of thrombosed pile mass was cured by Irsale Alaq (leech therapy).
Combined approach dilatation of complete oesophageal stenoses
Authors: Bowen Alex , Bhabra Mandeep , Dresner Sam , Lester Shane
Published: May 2020

Background: Upper oesophageal stenosis is a well-recognised complication in the treatment of head and neck malignancies that can result in significant morbidity. Simple strictures can be managed by anterograde dilatation. Combined approach dilatation can overcome more complex and even complete stenosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data for four patients who have had combined approach dilatation to overcome complete oesophageal stenosis. Outcomes determined using standardised swallowing outcome measurement tools.  

Results: A functional oesophageal lumen was restored in four patients with complete oesophageal stenosis, with a demonstrable improvement in validated swallowing outcome measures.

Conclusions: Combined approach oesophageal dilatation can be safely and effectively utilised to overcome complete stenosis of the upper oesophagus secondary to radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy. Extending the indications for this procedure to post-surgical strictures is not advisable due to increased risk of serious complication.
Effectiveness and safety of betahistine in treatment naive acute peripheral vertigo patients
Authors: Pereira Carlton
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral betahistine in treatment naïve patients with acute peripheral vertigo, administered over 21 days.

Methods: Treatment naïve patients with confirmed peripheral vertigo, based on clinical diagnosis, were enrolled in this open-label, single-arm, interventional study. Patients received 48 mg betahistine (16 mg, TDS) for 21 days, and were followed up on day 1, 3, 7 and 21. Safety and effectiveness were assessed based on clinical response (scale for vestibular vertigo severity level and clinical response evaluation (SVVSLCRE)); frequency and severity of peripheral vertigo (videonystagmography (VNG)); dizziness handicap inventory (DHI).  

Results: Overall, 53 (70.67%) out of 75 enrolled patients completed 21 days of treatment and were included in the study. No significant improvement in SVVSLCRE score was noted from baseline to day 1 (p=0.0572), but significant reduction was seen from day 3 onwards and continued till day 21 (p<0.0001). Level wise severity analysis showed that patients with ‘moderate to severe’ category at baseline reported ‘mild’ severity on day 7. A significant reduction in mean change of DHI scale was observed from baseline to day 3, day 7 and day 21 (p<0.0001). No major therapy related serious adverse events were reported. Headache (4.0%) and nausea (2.6%) were the commonly reported adverse events, which were mild in nature.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that 48 mg betahistine (16 mg, TID) therapy is effective in treatment naive patients with acute peripheral vertigo. Reduction in vertigo symptoms score was significant from day 3 to day 21. Betahistine was found to be safe and easily tolerated in these patients.
Onodi cells and endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Munjal Manish , Bhatia Suneet , Rishi Porshia , Tuli Nitika , Singh Harjinder , Talwar Shivam , Sharma Salony , Munjal Shubham
Published: May 2020

Background: The optic nerve is susceptible to injury during endoscopic surgical intervention in the sphenoethmoidal region.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 157 axial computed tomography sections through the sphenoid sinus of randomly selected cases from the departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana was undertaken during the period 2002 to 2004.  

Results: A computed tomographic study of the Onodi cells, of this region was carried out in 157 axial scans. The incidence of Onodi cells was 12.10% with predominance of left sided and indirect type of cells in our study.

Conclusions: Thorough pre-operative evaluation of sphenoethmoidal region optic nerve and extent of pathology is essential to avoid the irreversible complication of optic nerve injury.

 
A profile on parotid surgeries
Authors: K. S. Gangadhara , Bhat Amrutha V. , S. Sridhara
Published: May 2020

Background: A study of the various parotid swellings that underwent surgery in a tertiary care hospital was conducted. Different parameters like preoperative investigations including fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and radiological investigations, modified aesthetic incision, type of surgery and outcome following surgery were assessed.

Methods: This was a prospective institutional based study. A total of 19 cases of parotid swellings were considered. A new aesthetically acceptable incision was used in all patients. Post operatively, facial nerve and other complications were assessed. A comparison between FNAC diagnosis and histopathology diagnosis was made.  

Results: The FNAC and histopathological examination results were same in 15 of the 19 cases considered. All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months and the post-operative scar was well accepted by all patients.

Conclusions: Pleomorphic adenoma, one of the most common causes of parotid swelling, is well diagnosed by FNAC. Ultrasonography is a useful tool to diagnose benign parotid tumours. The modified incision used gives an imperceptible scar post operatively.
Traumatic facial nerve palsy: evaluation and surgical management
Authors: Shah Chaitry K. , Gupta Shalu , Prajapati Bela J. , Gupta Devang P. , Prajapati Viral
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute facial paralysis can result from various causes, among which intra temporal facial palsy is relatively common. Of all the cranial nerves, the facial nerve is most susceptible to injury due to its long course within the skull. Diagnosis of facial palsy is usually made by a good clinical history, examination and radiological investigations. Electrophysiological tests are important for prognosis and optimal time for surgery. The aim is to study the evaluation and surgical management in traumatic cause of facial nerve palsy.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in 50 patients presented with facial nerve palsy due to trauma in civil hospital Ahmedabad over a period of 1 year from May 2018 to 2019. Patients were examined and graded using House and Brackmann grading system. All the patients were evaluated and treated by surgical decompression. Follow up was carried out upto 6 months.  

Results: The cause of facial nerve palsy in all 50 patients was accidental head trauma. All the patients were managed by surgical decompression. 46 out of 50 patients managed surgically had good recovery with restoration of complete facial nerve function. 4 out 50 patients had poor recovery due to late presentation.  

Conclusions: Early initiation of treatment is important for favorable recovery of facial nerve function after trauma. Surgical treatment is indicated in suspected bony impingement of nerve. Surgical decompression if done early usually results in very good recovery.  
Relevance of indirect laryngoscopy as an examination tool in present day otorhinolaryngological practice
Authors: Ravi Kishore H. , Hosakoti Pallavi
Published: May 2020

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the difference in extent of laryngeal visualization between indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) mirror and rigid endoscopy (70°) and relevance of IDL in present day otolaryngological practice.

Methods: 100 patients attending to the Department of ENT, Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints referable to larynx and upper digestive tract were taken up for study. All patients underwent IDL mirror and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination. The extent of laryngeal visualization by the clinician was recorded for each examination.  

Results: Out of 100 patients who underwent IDL mirror examination and rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination in 87% of cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis and in 11% of cases we needed rigid endoscopic examination for making the diagnosis. In 2% of cases we were not able to visualize the pathologies even with rigid endoscopy, in whom we needed other modalities of examination like radiological evidence to arrive at a diagnosis.

Conclusions: In the present study, in 87% of the cases IDL mirror examination was adequate for making the diagnosis. Eleven cases needed rigid endoscopic (4 mm, 70°) examination to aid in diagnosis of pathologies. Even though laryngeal mirror examination is less comfortable, causing gagging for patient and may provide less complete information when compared to rigid endoscopy because of its less expensive, better depth visualization of structures and near real size images provides a versatile tool till date. Be that as it may indirect laryngoscopic mirror examination remains the mainstay of otolaryngological practice in today’s Otolaryngology practice.
Factors increasing the risk of flap complications following pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction for head and neck cancers
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Hussain Syed Afroze , Michael Rajiv
Published: May 2020

Background: Oral cavity cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer death in India. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMC) are still widely used for reconstruction of defects in the head and neck, though microvascular free flaps are the ‘gold standard’. This study was aimed to identify the risk factors involved in increasing the post-operative PMMC flap complications.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgical resection of primary head and neck cancer with PMMC flap reconstruction were included and their demographic data, pre-operative laboratory values, surgery details and post-operative flap morbidity were collected retrospectively from the master case sheets from January 2013 to December 2019. Factors such as age, gender, stage of disease, pre-operative anemia, hypoprotenemia and radiation therapy, presence of diabetes and size of the flaps were analysed to find their relation in causing flap complications.  

Results: Totally 285 patients were included for analysis and 9.82% (n=28) had major flap complications. On analysis we found that pre-operative hypoproteinemia (serum albumin <3.5) (p=0.001) and prior radiation therapy (p=0.02) significantly increased the risk of flap complications. Similarly, patients with larger bipaddled flaps had higher flap complication rates (p=0.0002) and previous radiation treatment further increased the major complication rates in bipaddle flaps.

Conclusions: PMMC flaps are still a viable option for head and neck reconstruction especially in patients with multiple comorbidities and where free microvascular flaps are not done routinely. Careful patient selection, pre-operative optimisation and good post-operative care will help to reduce flap complications.

 
Management of advanced cholesteatoma: Madras ENT Research Foundation experience
Authors: Natarajan Kiran , Kurkure Rahul , . Swathi , Shrivastava Anubhav , Gajapathy Sowmya , Kameswaran Mohan
Published: May 2020

Background: Cholesteatoma is a common condition encountered by the otolaryngologist in the Indian subcontinent. Due to absence of pain in most patients, they may have advanced disease at presentation. Lack of awareness, long distance between the patient’s home and the treatment centre are also reasons for late presentation. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the number of patients with advanced cholesteatoma, the extent of disease, and associated complications.

Methods: Fifty one patients out of a total of 1132 patients with cholesteatoma presented with advanced disease in a tertiary referral centre between January 2010 to January 2020. The surgical issues in the management of the disease and the outcomes were studied.  

Results: Fifty one patients presented with extensive cholesteatoma in a tertiary referral centre. There were 33 males and 18 females in the study. Of fifty one patients, pediatric cholesteatoma was seen in 6 patients. Hearing loss was the most common presentation. Facial palsy, labyrinthine fistula, dural involvement, internal auditory meatus involvement was noted in some patients. All patients underwent surgical management with good outcomes.

Conclusions: Advanced cholesteatoma is a dreaded disease that can result in various complications. Involvement of the facial canal, labyrinth, cochlea, dura, internal auditory meatus, internal carotid artery, jugular bulb, and sigmoid sinus involvement in the presence of extensive disease should be identified before surgery. Appropriate treatment with complete disease clearance can result in good outcomes.
Comparative analysis of voice changes after thyroidectomy; mass versus individual ligation of superior thyroid artery with reference to identification of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Authors: Samdani Sunil , Dudi Shweta , Mobarsa Veena
Published: May 2020

Background: The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle to promote lengthening and thinning of the vocal fold, thus increasing voice pitch. The close relation with the superior thyroid vessels puts the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in risk every time the superior pole of the thyroid is dissected.

Methods: : This randomized  controlled  study was undertaken at SMS Medical College, Jaipur between  February  2013 to November 2014  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  isolating  and  ligating  the  superior  thyroid  vessels  near  the  upper pole of the gland as compared  to conventional mass  ligation  of  the  superior  pole  regarding  external branch of superior laryngeal nerve injury in hemi or  subtotal  thyroidectomy. Total 120 patients were taken and divided into two groups A and B. Group A including mass ligation of superior pole of thyroid and group B includes individual ligation of superior thyroid vessels.  

Results: Our study observed normal voice in 51 cases (85%) in individual ligation of superior thyroid vessel group and 27 cases (45%) in mass ligation group on auditory perceptual test by GRBAS scale one month postoperatively. Normal electromyography findings after 1 month post-operatively was observed in 57 cases (95%) in individual ligation group as compared to 40 cases (66.67%) in mass ligation group.

Conclusions: Our study conclude that careful ligation of superior thyroid vessels is a safe technique to preserve the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve than mass ligation of superior pole of thyroid.
Relaxed skin tension lines and epidermal inclusion cyst: case report
Authors: Munjal Manish , Kaur Japneet , Talwar Gopika , Kaur Amanjot , Munjal Shubham , Garg Abhinav
Published: May 2020

Facial cosmesis is the primary concern, whatsoever maybe the lesion, benign or malignant. The subject wishes that the facial features be retained and the surgeon, that his handiwork is appreciated. Utilising the relaxed skin tension lines and the wrinkle creases one, can usually achieve an obnoxious scar free face. Such an intervention was undertaken in an individual with an indwelling inclusion cyst in the naso-maxillary groove.
Antrochoanal polyp in a six year old child: a rare presentation
Authors: Pol Shashikant A. , Singhal Surinder K. , Gupta Nitin , Sharma Jyotika
Published: May 2020

Antrochoanal polyp is a benign solitary sinonasal polyp arising within the maxillary sinus and extending into nasopharynx via sinus ostium. It is reported commonly in young adults mainly in 3rd to 5th decades. Antrochoanal polyp accounts 4% to 6% of sinonasal polyps in general population and approximately 33% in paediatric population. Here we are reporting a case of antrochoanal polyp in just six year child because of its relative rarity. We report a case of six year old female patient who presented with left sided nasal obstruction for 3 months. It was associated with nasal discharge. Anterior rhinoscopy showed presence of a single polypoidal mass filling left nasal cavity, posterior extent of the mass could not be assessed clinically due to small age of the patient. Non-contrast computed tomography of nose and paranasal sinuses was done to see the exact extent of the mass. The mass was removed completely by endoscopic approach and histopathologically confirmed as antrochoanal polyp. Antrochoanal polyp should be kept in differential diagnosis when a patient comes with unilateral nasal obstruction and discharge. Though it is commonly seen in young adults, rarely, children younger than 10 years of age can be affected. Complete endoscopic excision is necessary to avoid recurrence.
A case of recurrent Ludwig's angina
Authors: Raj Merwin Paul Remson Paul , Lohith Kumar Manoj Kumar , Hariharan Anand Kesavan , Krishnamoorthy Srinivasan
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we describe the case of a 45-year-old male who presented with recurrent swelling of the submandibular region. The last episode of the swelling was triggered post tooth extraction. There were associated features like increased temperature and leukocytosis. The patient was started on IV antibiotics and analgesics and with incision and drainage the patient improved with no sequelae.
Lower motor neuron facial palsy secondary to parotid abscess - first sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Ravunniarth Lakshmi Menon , Kauser Safina
Published: May 2020

Facial paralysis associated with parotid disease is usually caused by a malignant process. Facial nerve palsy due to parotid gland abscess is very rare with only about 10 previously reported cases. Parotid abscess with facial palsy may be the first presenting symptom of underlying diabetes mellitus. We report a case of a 35-year-old man, not a known case of diabetes or hypertension, who presented with a right sided parotid abscess and difficulty in mouth opening with grade 4 facial nerve palsy, who on investigation was found to have underlying uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Parotid abscess is mainly seen in elderly, diabetic and immunocompromised. Facial nerve palsy secondary to parotid abscess is a rare condition but probably underreported. Facial nerve palsy associated with parotid abscess is rare and may be one of the first presenting feature of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
An external auditory canal swelling: a pseudo meningocele
Authors: Bidkar Vijay G. , Chavan Vaibhav
Published: May 2020

The author presents a case of an external auditory canal swelling. A pseudo meningocele, delayed complication of mastoidectomy. Differential diagnosis of swelling in the ear canal includes various conditions. The study aims to discuss management and review the literature of this uncommon condition. A 34-year lady presented with right ear canal swelling, reduced hearing and occasional watery ear discharge. Patient had undergone ear surgery 14 years back. Radiological studies including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were suggestive of defect in the tegmen and posterior canal wall and presence of swelling containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mastoid cavity. Post aural trans mastoid approach was planned and multi layered closure of the defect was done under adequate antibiotic coverage. Pseudo meningocele may manifest as delayed complication of mastoid surgery and risk of meningitis is higher as CSF containment to its space is failed. Trans mastoid resection of swelling and reconstruction of the skull base is preferred modality of treatment considering size of the defect.
Cyclic compression of a multi-layer multi-span corrugated package with plastic deformation of its tapes
Authors: Alkeev R. I. , Suslikov V. I. , Eskin I. D.
Published: May 2020

In this article we present our solution of the problem of cyclic compression of a single-layer and multi-layer corrugation, as well as of a single-layer multi-span corrugation by the FEM method using Ansys. This problem can be considered as the first part of the general complex nonlinear problem of cyclic compression of a multi-layer multi-span corrugated package with dry friction on the contact surfaces. We conducted an analysis of the known published solutions to this problem, and we discovered inaccuracy of some of them and the physical reason resulting in this unacceptable error. A very large number of published solutions to this problem are generally explained by the presence of successful examples of their practical application in the field of aircraft and rocket engine manufacturing, by the wide possibilities of their use as damping devices in both of these areas, and, for example, in the automotive industry, by their high elastic-friction, strength and performance characteristics. All the known published solutions to this problem were obtained for cyclic compression of a multilayer multi-span package in the region of its elastic deformations and for the same geometric shape of the corrugation. The task of improving the mass characteristics of an engineering unit is quite relevant for the development of shock-proof single-shot damping devices that increase the passive safety of the car bumper protective devices. This can be solved by using single-layer or two-layer, multi-span packages with an optimally selected geometric shape of the corrugation, deformable in the elastic-plastic region. Therefore, the above-mentioned problems are solved taking into account the elastic-plastic deformation of the corrugations for any of their geometric shapes. The obtained solutions make it possible to construct any loading processes in the field of elastic-hysteresis package loops. We also investigated the influence of the parameters of the corrugated package on its elastic-friction characteristics (including the shape of the corrugation and the presence of gaps between the tapes of the package at the tops of their corrugations).
Method of calculating dynamic designs of space launch vehicles for designing systems of stabilization of their motion
Authors: Lobanov V. A.
Published: May 2020

Dynamic designs of tandem space launch vehicles are calculated according to the standard OST 92-4548-85. The eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies of the elastic structure are calculated using the MSC Nastran or a similar program. We propose an addition to the existing methods of calculating dynamic designs of liquid-propellant rockets with account for their elasticity applying a method oriented towards operational generation of input data for developing systems of stabilizing their motion. We developed a procedure containing calculation of eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies of missile body elastic modes and the coefficients of impact of the elastic modes and surplus degrees of freedom. To demonstrate the methods efficiency, in taking down the results for tandem launch vehicles in the analytical form the OST formulas are re-derived. In validating the proposed method of calculating design schemes we obtained results practically coincident with the already applied formulas for the range of tasks under examination. The versatility of the proposed method is illustrated by calculation of coefficients absent from the OST because the factors influencing rocket dynamics are not taken into account in the standard. The proposed method is distinguished by its generality, which allows describing various types of launch vehicles while taking into account all significant factors that influence the dynamics of their motion.
Method for optimizing mass and size characteristics of a high-pressure turbine disk
Authors: Siluyanova M. V. , Grunin A. N. , Alendar A. D. , Kandaurov S. K.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of weight and size optimization of a high-pressure turbine working disk for an augmented turbofan. The issues of modeling the operation of the engines first stage with a cover plate providing the delivery of cooling air to the blades are considered. Strength calculation of the stresses arising from the action of centrifugal forces under high-temperature conditions was carried out. A three-dimensional model of the disc was obtained. The finite element method was used. The pattern of temperature distribution in the disk body was obtained on the basis of heat calculation. Based on the strength calculation, the stresses and strains of the turbine disk were determined. Maximum stresses in the disc are located at the junction of the disc frontal area and the cooling air feed holes. Plastic deformation is observed in the area of the cavities for cooling air feed. It is shown that the stepped part of the disc should be made of a material with lower heat resistance and a higher value of permissible limit stress. Based on the study, a bimetallic disk design made by powder metallurgy was proposed.
Animals and the State
Authors: Meijer Eva
Published: May 2020

Chapter 5 draws on recent work in the so-called “political turn” in animal ethics, most notably Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka’s political theory of non-human animal rights, to discuss how these concepts can guide relations between groups of non-human animals and human political communities. The author discusses their proposals for animal citizenship and sovereignty. In the second half of this chapter, the author explains problems with traditional interpretations of sovereignty that rely on claims made by the powerful to legitimize the territorial domination of others. In order to challenge human sovereignty, we should challenge human superiority on all levels, including existing political systems. However, existing institutions and systems also hold a promise for other animals, and, like citizenship, these concepts can bring into focus new forms of interacting with other animals and institutionalizing these relations. In the final section, the author turns to examples of new ways of relating to other animals that can function as beginnings for further reformulating laws and political practices.
Animal Democracy and the Challenges of Political Participation
Authors: Meijer Eva
Published: May 2020

Chapter 8 turns the focus from activism to political participation. Non-human animal political participation is often either not considered relevant, or not considered at all, by animal rights theorists. This is problematic, because the right to political participation—to co-shaping the rules under which one lives—is not just any right. Non-human animals are individuals with their own perspectives on life and their own idea of the good life, which cannot be reduced to species-specific templates. In this chapter, the author first discusses how and whether non-human animals can co-author the laws under which they live, and she explores the normative justifications for establishing an interspecies democracy. The second section investigates which non-human animals can or should be seen as part of a shared interspecies community with humans. The chapter concludes by exploring ways to improve democratic interaction with other animals, in which the author discusses Sue Donaldson’s proposals for enabling voice and space, and ends with two examples in which humans and other animals interact politically in order to investigate how democratic non-human animal participation can be improved: material deliberation with seagulls, and human-macaque greeting rituals as new forms of political interaction.
Managing Korean War Brides
Authors: Woo Susie
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the relationship between Americans and Korean women, both real and imagined. It begins in 1945 in South Korea with US militarized prostitution and its effects on Korean women. From assaults to regularization intended to protect US servicemen (but not Korean women) from sexually transmitted disease to US military efforts to prevent its men from marrying Korean nationals, the first part of the chapter establishes the uneven parameters placed upon Korean women. The chapter then moves to the United States to consider the cultural efforts made to uncouple the association between Korean prostitutes and brides. The chapter argues that US media’s hyper-focus on the purportedly docile (and, with US-occupied Japan a democratic stronghold in the Pacific, politically safe) Japanese bride supplanted an acknowledgment of Korean brides who arrived concurrently. It then looks to the popular singing, dancing, and instrument-playing Korean Kim Sisters, who through their celebrity and contained sexuality offered a safe alternative to the fraught figure of the Korean war bride. From military control to media representation, the chapter addresses how Americans tried to manage Korean women and how Korean women attempted to find security and autonomy amidst these pressures.
A Reverse Mortgage as an Opportunity to Cover the Costs of Long‑term Care – Solutions in the European Countries
Authors: Warchlewska Anna , Iwański Rafał
Published: May 2020

The progressive aging of the population forces the world to face new challenges, especially in the financial sector. The paper strives to present possible forms of coverage of long‑term care in the private and public market. A reverse mortgage and perpetuity are a point of consideration for the world of science and practice but they are also associated with a great deal of controversy. According to the authors of this paper, the theme requires cognitive exploration. The aim of the study is to diagnose the current situation of financial markets in selected European countries related to a reverse mortgage and perpetuity. Assuming that the sources of funding the current needs of elderly people available on the financial market are voluntary ones, it is necessary to present a forecast covering the costs of long‑term care from public funds.
Novedades jurisprudenciales en materia de transmisión de empresa: la labor del TJUE y del TS en los últimos dos año
Authors: Nores Torres Luis Enrique
Published: May 2020

Una institución que ha originado una notable atención en los últimos años es la de la transmisión de empresa. En efecto, aún tratándose de un tema “tradicional” en el Derecho del Trabajo, asistimos a una especie de “interés renovado” por el mismo que seguramente derive de los pronunciamientos judiciales dictados en la materia y que han aportado nuevas perspectivas de análisis, tanto desde una óptica general, como desde otra más específica. El objeto de este trabajo se dirige a dar cuenta de las principales “novedades jurisprudenciales” habidas en este terreno
Bimbingan Pembuatan Soal Berorientasi HOTS Bagi Guru Peserta MGMP Matematika SMP Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Karim Karim , Hidayanto Taufiq , Kamaliyah Kamaliyah , Arrasyid Maulana Fatiehurrizqie
Published: May 2020

Pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) dapat dirancang guru untuk kegiatan proses pembelajaran atau dalam penyusunan soal evaluasi. Soal yang berorientasi pada HOTS diperlukan agar siswa terbiasa dan terlatih untuk menyelesaikan soal yang tidak hanya bersifat hafalan dan pemahaman, maupun penerapan konsep. Banyak penyuluhan atau pelatihan yang telah diperoleh guru dalam membuat soal matematika. Meskipun demikian, pelatihan yang secara spesifik untuk membuat soal matematika yang berorientasi HOTS sangat kurang bahkan belum pernah mereka ikuti. Oleh karena itu, perlu diadakan pelatihan untuk membuat soal matematika yang berorientasi HOTS. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) adalah membimbing guru matematika SMP dalam menyusun soal matematika yang berorientasi HOTS. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan MGMP Matematika Kabupaten Banjar. Jumlah peserta yang hadir pada saat kegiatan ada 46 orang. Secara ringkas, tahapan kegiatan meliputi menyiapkan materi sebagai bahan pembimbingan pembuatan soal berorientasi HOTS dan melaksanakan pembimbingan. Kegiatan PKM ini telah menghasilkan 50 buah soal matematika yang berorientasi HOTS. Kategori soal berdasarkan level HOTS, 39 buah (78%) termasuk soal analisis dan 11 buah (22%) termasuk soal evaluasi.The Learning that orienting to the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) can be designed by the teacher for the learning process activities or in the preparation of evaluation questions. HOTS-oriented problems are needed so that students are accustomed and trained to solve problems that are not only memorizing, understanding, and applying concepts. Teachers have obtained much training in making mathematical problems. However, the training specifically in making HOTS-oriented mathematics problems is lacking. Therefore, the training needs to be held to cause HOTS-oriented mathematics problems. The purpose of community service activities is to guide junior high school mathematics teachers in preparing HOTS-oriented mathematics problems. The activity has been carried out in collaboration with the Mathematics MGMP of the Banjar District. The number of participants who attended the activity was 46 people. In summary, the stages of activities include preparing material as guidance material for making HOTS-oriented problems and implementing mentoring. This community service activity has produced 50 HOTS-oriented mathematics problems. The problem categories are based on the HOTS level; 39 items (78%) included analysis problems, and 11 items (22%) included evaluation problems.
Bean seed performance under different temperatures
Authors: Zanchett Groth Mártin , Ferraz Ramos Rodrigo , Bellé Cristiano , Leitzke Betemps Débora , De Andrade Nariane , Kaspary Tiago Edu
Published: May 2020

The study evaluated the germination performance of bean seeds (BRS Expedito) from different regions of southern Brazil submitted to different germination temperatures (20, 25 and 30º C). Were evaluated to germination (GER), first germination count (PCG), germination speed index (IVG), shoot dry mass (MSPA) and root dry mass (MSR). The seeds from São Mateus (PR) presented the highest average values for the variables GER, PCG and IVG in the three temperatures tested. The temperature increase (20 to 30 ºC) significantly influenced the dry biomass accumulation in the shoots and seedlings roots. The results indicate the existence of a phenotypic plasticity acquired by the cultivar due to local adaptation of the ecotypes.
Estimates of SARS-COV-2 Behavior in the COVID-19 Crisis: Addressing Sample-Selection Bias for Public Health Applications
Authors: Straka John
Published: May 2020

This study surveys and assesses the implications from recent empirical studies and reports to highlight the characteristics of SARS-Cov-2 and the COVID-19 crisis, and then proposes a recursive bivariate probit (RBP) model specification and possible applications. The RBP model addresses sample selection bias to estimate key determinants of virus infection given nonrandom testing. Applicable to anonymized case-level or widely available local-area data in the U.S., multiple data sources are shown. With suitable data the model can control for observed (e.g. population density) and unobserved factors to estimate the marginal effects of varying state-prescribed measures and behavioral social distancing. Case-level scoring models may, in addition, eventually assist in clinical diagnostic assessments. Although not proposed to substitute for more random population testing and other methods, results could also be used in advance of more testing. Uncertain assumptions in epidemiological models reflect unclear effects from gradations of social distancing now occurring. Despite many calls for broader testing and targeted quarantining in the U.S., many practical obstacles remain, leaving unknowns, especially across local areas. Differing local transmission rates respond to stronger or weaker social distancing and quarantining. High risks from latent non-quarantining spread warn of potential overwhelming local outbreaks. The insidious nature of SARS-Cov-2 invites complacency, especially in non-hotspot areas. Complacent behaviors can fail to adequately address the public-goods problem, leading to various forms of continued local and macro COVID-19 waves and crises. To assess a worst-case scenario, no model projection is needed, only the herd immunity threshold equation, estimates of the reproduction ratio, and the estimated mortality rate. With no ultimately successful countermeasures in treatment, vaccine, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), the analysis here suggests an eventual number of deaths much like the 1918 pandemic in U.S. deaths per capita (1.8-2.7 million U.S. deaths) and in the total number of deaths worldwide (around 50 million). This toll also reflects a hypothetical global “surrender” strategy of business-as-usual and no social distancing, which in practice no nation has followed. Some successes across the three broad social countermeasure efforts – which appears most likely, in a mix of outcomes – can lessen the high social costs.
Surgical Outcomes of Transvaginal Neobladder-Vaginal Fistula Repair after Radical Cystectomy with Ileal Orthotopic Neobladder
Authors: Song Wan , Lee Dong Hyeon
Published: May 2020

To present surgical methods and outcomes of neobladder-vaginal fistula (NVF) repair after radical cystectomy (RC) with ileal orthotopic neobladder (IONB). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 136 women who underwent RC with IONB for bladder cancer between January 2010 and December 2018. The NVF was confirmed by cystoscopy and/or voiding cystography. NVF repair was performed using a transvaginal approach, which included circumferential incision of the fistula tract, creation of a plane between the neobladder serosa and the vaginal epithelium, and multi-layered transvaginal closure. Results: During a median follow-up of 47.9 months, NVF was identified in 12 (8.8%) women. Eight fistulas were located in the proximal anterior vaginal wall and four in the vaginal apex. Median time from RC to NVF repair was 3.4 months. Median NVF size and duration of urethral Foley catheter indwelling was 6.0 mm and 24.0 days, respectively. Initial repair of NVF was successful in ten (83.3%) patients. Two (16.7%) patients who relapsed retained IONB through the subsequent operation. Two (16.7%) patients developed urinary incontinence after NVF repair, requiring anti-incontinence surgery. Conclusions: The transvaginal approach for NVF repair is feasible, yielding successful surgical outcomes. However, women should be counseled about the risks of relapse and urinary incontinence.
Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox with a Transferable Deep Neural Network
Authors: Smith Greg , Shibatani Masayoshi
Published: May 2020

In the past years, various intelligent machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been developed and widely applied for gearbox fault detection and diagnosis. However, the real-time application of these intelligent algorithms has been limited, mainly due to the fact that the model developed using data from one machine or one operating condition has serious diagnosis performance degradation when applied to another machine or the same machine with a different operating condition. The reason for poor model generalization is the distribution discrepancy between the training and testing data. This paper proposes to address this issue using a deep learning based cross domain adaptation approach for gearbox fault diagnosis. Labelled data from training dataset and unlabeled data from testing dataset is used to achieve the cross-domain adaptation task. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as the main architecture. Maximum mean discrepancy is used as a measure to minimize the distribution distance between the labelled training data and unlabeled testing data. The study proposes to reduce the discrepancy between the two domains in multiple layers of the designed CNN to adapt the learned representations from the training data to be applied in the testing data. The proposed approach is evaluated using experimental data from a gearbox under significant speed variation and multiple health conditions. An appropriate benchmarking with both traditional machine learning methods and other domain adaptation methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
UJI ADAPTASI VARIETAS UNGGUL PADI TADAH HUJAN KABUPEN JAYAPURA, PAPUA
Authors: Beding Petrus Alexander , Tiro Batseba M. W.
Published: May 2020

Teknologi budidaya dan penggunaan Varietas unggul merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan tadah hujan. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaan varietas unggul padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan yang dibudidayakan  dengan pendekatan Pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT).  Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kampung Benyom Jaya 1 Distrik Nimbokrang Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua, pada bulan April sampai September 2017 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali.  Varietas yang digunakan yaitu  varietas unggul Inpari 7, Inpari 30, Inpari 32 dan Inpari 33, ditanam dalam petakan berukuran 3 ha.  Luas petak percobaan untuk masing masing perlakuan adalah 20 x 20 m2 . Parameter yang  dievaluasi meliputi : tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, komponen hasil dan serangan hama dan penyakit. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Inpari 33 memberikan keragaan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang berbeda nyata dengan varietas Inpari 30, Inpari 7 dan Inpari 32. Varietas yang sesuai dan berdaya hasil tinggi di lokasi pengkajian adalah varietas produksi tinggi diperoleh dari  varietas Inpari 33 (5,9 t/ha) dan terendah varietas Inpari 32 (4,47 t/ha).
PEMUPUKAN NPK DAN NITROGEN PADA TANAMAN PADI DI LAHAN SAWAH BERSTATUS P TINGGI DI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Siska Widia , Lenin Ismon
Published: May 2020

Pemupukan merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam meningkatkan produksi padi sawah. Pemberian pupuk majemuk NPK tetap memerlukan pupuk tunggal untuk periode pertumbuhan tanaman tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk NPK dan pupuk tunggal N serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi pada lahan sawah berstatus P-tinggi, dan (2) menentukan perimbangan yang tepat antara pupuk majemuk NPK dengan pupuk tunggal N pada lahan sawah dengan status P-tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Solok propinsi Sumatera Barat pada bulan November 2012–Juli 2013, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor 1 adalah takaran pupuk majemuk NPK (200 kg/ha, 300 kg/ha dan 400 kg/ha) dan faktor 2 adalah takaran pupuk tunggal N (67 kg/ha, 100 kg, 133 kg/ha, 167 kg/ha dan 200 kg/ha). Pupuk majemuk NPK hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot seribu biji dan hasil, sedangkan pupuk tunggal N berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah anakan produktif dan hasil. Tidak ada interaksi nyata antara pupuk majemuk NPK dan pupuk tunggal N terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan komponen hasil padi. Peningkatan takaran pupuk majemuk NPK meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, menurunkan berat seribu biji, dan meningkatkan hasil sebesar 3 %, sedangkan peningkatan takaran pupuk tunggal N meningkatkan jumlah anakan, jumlah anakan produktif, dan meningkatkan hasil sebesar 6%. Dilihat dari segi efektifitas dan efisiensi, perimbangan yang tepat antara pupuk majemuk NPK dan pupuk tunggal N pada tanah sawah P-tinggi adalah 300 kg pupuk majemuk NPK + 100 kg pupuk tunggal N/ha.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI ADOPSI TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA KAKAO DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Dewi Yovita Anggita , Rahmawati Rahmawati
Published: May 2020

Adopsi mencerminkan tingkat penerimaan teknologi dan implementasinya dalam usahatani yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis keragaan adopsi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi adopsi petani kakao. Penelitian dilakukan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat pada Bulan Oktober 2018. Responden sebanyak 40 orang yang dipilih secara sengaja (purposive sampling) yaitu petani yang pernah terlibat dalam program Model Pengembangan Pertanian Perdesaan Melalui Inovasi (MP3MI). Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur sedangkan data sekunder dari laporan MP3MI 2013 – 2015. Keragaan adopsi dianalisis secara desktiptif kuantiatif dan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-Smart PLS digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor adopsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase petani yang tahu terkait teknologi introduksi sebanyak 95%, petani yang berminat sekitar 93,75%, sedangkan petani yang menerapkan komponen teknologi dan melakukan konfirmasi masing-masing sebesar 83,13% dan 48,75%. Petani mengadopsi dengan jarak waktu <1 musim tanam (MT), 1 MT, dan >1 MT berturut-turut adalah 46,52%, 22,61%, dan 30,86%. Faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi adopsi adalah karakteristik internal dan sosial petani dengan koefisien 0,311 dan 0,341. Indikator reflektif yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik internal petani adalah (i) perjalanan ke luar desa, (ii) menghubungi sumber informasi, (iii) berkomunikasi dengan petani di luar desa, (iv) berkomunikasi dengan tokoh masyarakat, dan (v) berkomunikasi dengan aparat desa. Indikator reflektif yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik sosial petani adalah (i) pertemuan kelompok tani, (ii) penyuluhan, (iii) pelatihan, (iv) pendampingan, (v) jenis media, dan (vi) akses media. Dengan demikian, peningkatan adopsi perlu dibarengi peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan.