bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSUMSI TEH BAYAM MERAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KADAR HB PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER 2 (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Harapan Kabupaten Jayapura)
Authors: Dondi Siana , Putri Aristy Rian Avinda
Published: October 2020

Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia, terutama negara sedang berkembang yang diperkirakan 30% penduduk dunia menderita anemia dengan prevalensi berkisar 40-88%. Menurut data Riskesdas (2018), tercatat sebanyak 48,9% atau sebanyak 129.585.000 jiwa mengalami anemia. Pada ibu hamil, paling banyak terjadi pada kelompok umur 15-24 tahun (84,6%). Penyebab anemia dalam kehamilan adalah defisiensi zat besi dan perdarahan akut atau bahkan interaksi keduanya. Angka kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Provinsi Papua berdasarkan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jayapura Tahun 2017 sebanyak 43,1%. Zat besi biasa digunakan pada ibu hamil untuk mengatasi anemia, namun efeknya yang membuat ibu hamil tidak nyaman, resistensi obat yang tinggi, dan kemungkinan terakumulasi di tubuh. Karena itu teh bayam merah sebagai pendamping tablet Fe yang dibuat dalam bentuk teh agar mudah dikonsumsi sehingga ibu hamil tetap mendapatkan zat besi yang cukup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektifitas Konsumsi teh bayam merah terhadap perubahan status Anemia pada ibu hamil yang mendapatkan Suplementasi tablet Fe. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Eksperiment semu atau Quasy Experiment dengan rancangan pretest and postest non equivalent control group design t-test. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 46 Responden ibu hamil yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Pada penelitian ini ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia berada pada kelompok usia reproduksi sehat yaitu usia 20-35 tahun dan memilliki LILA yang kurang dari sama dengan 23,5 cm. Berdasarkan hasil uji t-test independent didapatkan nilai p-value 0,004 < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan pemberian ekstrak bayam merah bersamaan dengan tablet Fe selama 10 hari secara teratur berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perubahan kadar hemoglobin yaitu sebesar 11,915 gr/dl lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yaitu 10,715 gr/dl.
KINERJA BIDAN DI RSUD ABEPURA
Authors: Lestari Muji , Amal Fachry
Published: October 2020

Sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam sebuah organisasi dipandang sebagai human capital (modal) terutama jika dilihat dari posisinya untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. Begitu pentingnya SDM, sehingga seberapa baguspun fasilitas dan alat yang dimiliki oleh sebuah organisasi tanpa ditunjang dengan SDM, maka akan menjadi sia-sia juga. Kinerja seorang pegawai dalam sebuah organisasi menjadi sesuatu yang penting guna menunjang keberhasilan sebuah organisasi. Pegawai atau karyawan yang kinerjanya bagus atau optimal tentunya akan memudahkan organisasi dalam mencapai sasarannya, begitupun sebaliknya. Salah satu pilar institusi kesehatan yang diharapkan memberikan kontribusi besar untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan kesehatan tersebut adalah rumah sakit, salah satu komponen yang ada dalam suatu rumah sakit adalah bidan, maka pengelolaan individu-individu bidan yang ada dalam sebuah rumah sakit menjadi sesuatu yang penting agar supaya rumah sakit juga dapat berkontribusi dalam pembangunan kesehatan. Pengelolaan bidan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kinerja yang tentunya juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA).

Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Populasi berjumlah 50 orang, sedangkan sampel berjumlah 46 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah proportionate random sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS, uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square pada Î±=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur, lama kerja dan pendidikan dengan kinerja, terdapat hubungan antara imbalan dengan kinerja bidan di RSUD Abepura.
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU IBU HAMIL TERHADAP NUTRISI SELAMA KEHAMILAN DI WILAYAH KERJA UPT PUSKESMAS MENGWI I, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Kusuma Dian Reginalda , Aryawangsa Putu Dhanu , Satyarsa Agung Bagus Sista , Aryani Putu
Published: October 2020

Kehamilan dapat menentukan derajat kesehatan ibu dan janin selanjutnya. Kurangnya pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku tentang nutrisi selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi pada ibu dan janin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu hamil terhadap nutrisi selama kehamilan di UPT Puskesmas Mengwi I. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional menggunakan sumber data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara ibu hamil yang dilakukan di UPT Puskesmas Mengwi I. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan cara consecutive sampling, dengan jumlah subyek sebanyak 71 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan program statistik dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil dalam penelitian ini memperoleh sebagian besar ibu hamil (78,9%) tersebar antara kelompok umur 20-35 tahun. Mayoritas Ibu hamil mengenyam pendidikan tinggi (70,4%) dan bekerja sebagai Ibu Rumah Tangga (53,5%). Sebagian besar pekerjaan suami adalah karyawan swasta (43,7%). Pendapatan keluarga didominasi dengan pendapatan tinggi (60,6%). Sebagian besar Ibu hamil memiliki status multigravida dan sebagian besar memiliki usia kehamilan Trimester III (47,9%). Terdapat sebagian (18,3%) ibu hamil mengalami kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis. Hampir seluruh Ibu hamil telah mendapatkan informasi tentang gizi selama kehamilan (90,1%) dan bersumber dari tenaga kesehatan (81,7%). Hasil pengetahuan ibu hamil diperoleh dengan kriteria baik (70,4%), sikap ibu hamil diperoleh kriteria baik (80,3%) dan perilaku ibu hamil diperoleh kriteria baik (88,7%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu hamil dengan kriteria baik. Disarankan agar tetap dilakukan pemberian edukasi dan pengamatan gizi ibu hamil khususnya kepada ibu hamil dengan sosiodemografi dan sosioekonomi yang rendah.
MALE PARTNER INVOLVEMENT IN LONG TERM CONTRACEPTIVE UPTAKE AMONG SELECTED COUPLES IN MURANG’A COUNTY CENTRAL KENYA
Authors: Hiuhu Mwangi John , Mumbi Maina Eva , Muendo Mutinda Lewis , Nyambura Maingi Nancy
Published: October 2020

Purpose: the main objective of the study was to assess male partner involvement in long term contraceptive uptake among selected couples in Murang’a county central Kenya

Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection tools were Interviewer administered - Semi Structured Questionnaires, Key Informant interviews guide and Focused Group Discussions guide .Pre-test of Instruments was done at Othaya Sub County in Nyeri. Eligible couples were systematically sampled using the EPI spatial sampling methods adopted by WHO for use in low income countries Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics, chi square, binary and multiple logistic regressions was computed. Those variables that were significant at P-value ≤ 0.05 were entered into multivariate analysis. The odds ratio was calculated to assess the association and strength of association of variables. P-value < 0.05 was taken as a cut point. Qualitative data was triangulated with the quantitative data to enhance validity and reliability of the study findings.

Findings: Majority of couples interviewed (73%) reported being in a long-term relationship Most participants (61%) cited male involvement as male partner participation and contribution, which they believed was important in family planning services utilization. Whereas most women(57%)  reported that the partner’s permission was not necessary and the decision to use any family planning method was their own, key informant indicated that despite receiving information about benefits of long-term family planning method, many women remained (53%) reluctant to undergo some procedures without first obtaining their partners permission. Most of the male partners(51%)  were not willing to undergo vasectomy as they equated it with castration and the stigma which was to accompany the tag.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is need to increase the level of knowledge and awareness among male partners on long term family planning methods and their benefits. Future research should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of engaging male partners in utilization of long-term family planning methods
The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM: first results on European-wide terrestrial carbon fluxes for the period 2006–2015
Authors: Monteil Guillaume , Broquet Grégoire , Scholze Marko , Lang Matthew , Karstens Ute , Gerbig Christoph , Koch Frank-Thomas , Smith Naomi E. , Thompson Rona L. , Luijkx Ingrid T. , White Emily , Meesters Antoon , Ciais Philippe , Ganesan Anita L. , Manning Alistair , Mischurow Michael , Peters Wouter , Peylin Philippe , Tarniewicz Jerôme , Rigby Matt , Rödenbeck Christian , Vermeulen Alex , Walton Evie M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (-0.21±0.2 Pg C yr−1). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country-scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
Technical note: Measurement of chemically-resolved volume
equivalent diameter and effective density of particles by AAC-SPAMS
Authors: Peng Long , Li Lei , Zhang Guohua , Du Xubing , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Bi Xinhui
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Size and effective density (ρe) are important properties of aerosol particles and are related to their influences on human health and the global climate. The volume equivalent diameter (Dve) is an intrinsic property that is used to evaluate particle size. ρe, defined as the ratio of particle density to a dynamic shape factor (χ), is used to characterize the physical property of a particle as an alternative to particle density. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously characterize the Dve and ρe of particles. Here, we present a novel system that classifying particles with their aerodynamic diameter (Da) by aerodynamic aerosol classifiers (AAC) and determining their vacuum aerodynamic diameter (Dva) by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) to achieve a measurement of Dve and ρe. The reliability of the AAC-SPAMS system for accurately obtaining Dve and ρe is verified based on the results that the deviation between the measured values and the theoretical values is less than 4 % for the size-resolved spherical polystyrene latex (PSL). The AAC-SPAMS system is applied to characterize the Dve and ρe of (NH4)2SO4 and NaNO3 particles, suggesting that these particles are aspherical and their ρe are independent of particle size. Finally, the AAC-SPAMS system is deployed in a field measurement, showing that it is a powerful technique to characterize the chemically-resolved Dve and ρe of particles in real time.
Mixing at the extratropical tropopause as characterized by
collocated airborne H2O and O3 lidar observations
Authors: Schäfler Andreas , Fix Andreas , Wirth Martin
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The composition of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL), which is the transition zone between the stratosphere and the troposphere in the mid-latitudes, largely depends on dynamical processes fostering the exchange of air masses. Here we follow the need to better characterize the ExTL in relation to the dynamic situation using the first-ever collocated airborne lidar observations of ozone (O3) and water vapour (H2O) across the tropopause. The potential of such lidar profile data, required for a novel, two-dimensional depiction of the complex trace gas distributions and mixing along cross-sections, is illustrated for a perpendicular jet stream crossing during a research flight over the North Atlantic conducted on 1 October 2017 in the framework of the Wave-driven Isentropic Exchange (WISE) field campaign. The analysis of the ExTL shape and composition uses a combined view of the lidar data in geometrical and tracer-tracer (T-T) space, which was so far not possible from existing observations. For this particular case study, which is considered to be representative for the climatological distribution, the T-T depiction allows to identify distinct mixing regimes that suggest mixing of air masses with differing origin: we find clearly separated mixing of stratospheric air with moist extratropical air as well as with dry tropical air in the surrounding of the extratropical jet stream. This separation is indicative for differing transport pathways in the troposphere which need to be further elaborated using Lagrangian diagnostics. The O3 and H2O distributions confirm strongest mixing above and below the maximum jet stream winds, while it is suppressed in-between. The interrelation of chemical and dynamical discontinuities is investigated and strongest isentropic trace gas gradients are found to be better correlated with maximum isentropic PV gradients than with classical dynamical tropopause definitions. Although the methods neither allow conclusions on the individual mixing process nor on the location and time of the event, the consideration of data subsets allows discussing the formation and interpretation of isentropic and vertical mixing lines in T-T space and to develop hypotheses on mixing at different time-scales. The presented two-dimensional lidar data is considered to be of relevance for the investigation of further synoptic situations leading to mixing across the tropopause and for future validation of chemistry and numerical weather prediction models.
Residual Temperature Bias Effects in LIMS Stratospheric Ozone and Water Vapor
Authors: Remsberg Ellis , Harvey V. Lynn , Krueger Arlin , Natarajan Murali
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument operated from October 25, 1978, through May 28, 1979. Its Version (V6) profiles were processed and archived in 2002. We present several diagnostic examples of the quality of the V6 stratospheric ozone and water vapor data based on their Level 3 zonal Fourier coefficient products. In particular, we show that there are small differences in the ascending (A) minus descending (D) orbital temperature-pressure or T(p) profiles (their A-D values) that affect (A-D) ozone and water vapor. Systematic A-D biases in T(p) can arise from small radiance biases and/or from viewing anomalies along orbits. There can also be (A-D) differences in T(p) due to not resolving and correcting for all of the atmospheric temperature gradient along LIMS tangent view-paths. An error in T(p) affects the retrievals of ozone and water vapor through: (1) the Planck blackbody function in forward calculations of limb radiance that are part of the iterative retrieval algorithm of LIMS, and (2) the registration of the measured LIMS species radiance profiles in pressure-altitude, particularly for the lower stratosphere. We evaluate V6 ozone profile biases in the upper stratosphere with the aid of comparisons against a monthly climatology of UV-ozone soundings from rocketsondes. We also provide results of time series analyses of V6 ozone, water vapor, and potential vorticity for the middle stratosphere to show that their average (A+D) V6 Level 3 products provide a clear picture of the evolution of those tracers during northern hemisphere winter. We recommend that researchers use the average V6 Level 3 data for their science studies of stratospheric ozone and water vapor wherever diurnal variations of them are unexpected. We also point out that the present-day Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment is providing measurements and retrievals of temperature and ozone, which are essentially free of any anomalous diurnal variations.
Long-term bare fallow soil fractions reveal thermo-chemical
properties controlling soil organic carbon dynamics
Authors: Chassé Mathieu , Luftalla Suzanne , Cécillon Lauric , Baudin François , Abiven Samuel , Chenu Claire , Barré Pierre
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Evolution of organic carbon content in soils has the potential to be a major driver of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the next century. Understanding soil carbon dynamics is a challenge due to a wide range of residence time of soil organic matter and limited constraints on the mechanisms influencing its persistence. In particular, large uncertainties exist on the persistence of pyrogenic organic carbon in soils. In order to characterise organic matter with varying degrees of persistence and distinguish pyrogenic organic carbon, we combined Rock-Eval analysis, a thermo-chemical method, with the benzene polycarboxylic acid molecular marker method and Raman spectroscopy, to characterise samples from long-term bare fallow experiments, progressively depleted in the most labile organic carbon over time. Considering the heterogeneity of soil samples, size fractions have been separated to distinguish pools of organic carbon with distinct properties. We observe that organic carbon dynamics is dependent on granulometry. A pool of organic carbon with intermediate residence time, from years to a few decades, representing ca 65 % of the bulk soil organic carbon stock, is mainly associated to fine fractions ( 20 µm) are rich in centennially-persistent organic carbon, representing ca 20 % of the initial organic carbon stock, due to the chemical recalcitrance of organic matter in these fractions, dominated by pyrogenic organic carbon. A second pool of persistent organic carbon, representing ca 15 % of the initial organic carbon stock, is associated with the clay fraction, indicating mechanisms of protection occurring at the submicron scale (
Interactions between deforestation, landscape rejuvenation, and
shallow landslides in the North Tanganyika – Kivu Rift region,
Africa
Authors: Depicker Arthur , Govers Gerard , Jacobs Liesbet , Campforts Benjamin , Uwihirwe Judith , Dewitte Olivier
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Deforestation increases landslide activity over short, contemporary timescales. However, over longer timescales the location and timing of landsliding is controlled by the interaction between uplift and fluvial incision. Yet, the interaction between (human-induced) deforestation and landscape evolution has hitherto not been explicitly considered. We address this issue in the North Tanganyika-Kivu Rift region (East African Rift). In recent decades, the regional population has grown exponentially and the associated expansion of cultivated and urban land has resulted in widespread deforestation. On a much longer time scale, tectonic uplift has forged two parallel mountainous Rift shoulders that are continuously rejuvenated through knickpoint retreat, enforcing topographic steepening. In order to link deforestation and rejuvenation to landslide erosion, we compiled an inventory of nearly 8,000 recent shallow landslides in Google Earth© imagery from 2000–2019. To accurately calculate landslide erosion rates, we developed a new methodology to remediate inventory biases linked to the spatial and temporal inconsistency of this satellite imagery. We find that erosion rates in rejuvenated landscapes are roughly 40 % higher than in the surrounding relict landscapes, upstream of retreating knickpoints and outside of the Rift shoulders. This difference is due to the generally steeper relief in rejuvenated landscapes which more than compensates for the fact that rejuvenated slopes, when compared to similarly angled slopes in relict zones, often display a somewhat lower landslide erosion rate. These lower rates in the rejuvenated landscapes could be the result of a drier climate, the omission of earthquake-induced landslide events in our landslide inventory, and potentially a smaller regolith stock. More frequent extreme rainfall events in the relict zones, and possibly the presence of a thicker regolith, cause a stronger landslide response to deforestation compared to rejuvenated landscapes. Overall, deforestation initiates a landslide peak that lasts approximately 15 years and increases landslide erosion by a factor 2 to 8. Eventually, landslide erosion in deforested land falls back to a level similar to that observed under forest conditions, most likely due to the depletion of the most unstable regolith. Landslides are not only more abundant in rejuvenated landscapes but are also smaller in size, which may be a consequence of the seismic activity that fractures the bedrock and reduces the minimal critical area for slope failure. With this paper, we highlight the importance of considering the geomorphological context when studying the impact of recent land use changes on landslide activity.
Hydrostreamer v1.0 – improved streamflow predictions for local
applications from an ensemble of downscaled global runoff products
Authors: Kallio Marko , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Virkki Vili , Kummu Matti , Virrantaus Kirsi
Published: October 2020

Abstract. An increasing number of different types of hydrological, land surface, and rainfall-runoff models exist to estimate streamflow in river networks. Results from various model runs from global to local scale are readily available online. However, the usability of these products is often limited, as they often come aggregated in spatial units which are not compatible with the desired analysis purpose. We present here an R package, a software library hydrostreamer v1.0 which aims to improve the usability of existing runoff products by addressing the Modifiable Area Unit Problem, and allows non-experts with little knowledge of hydrology-specific modelling issues and methods to use them for their analyses. Hydrostreamer workflow includes 1) interpolation from source zones to target zones, 2) river routing, and 3) data assimilation via model averaging, given multiple input runoff and observation data. The software implements advanced areal interpolation methods and area-to-line interpolation not available in other products, and is the first R package to provide vector-based routing. Hydrostreamer is kept as simple as possible – intuitive with minimal data requirements – and minimizes need for calibration. We tested the performance of hydrostreamer by downscaling freely available coarse-resolution global runoff products from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) in an application in 3S Basin in Southeast Asia. Results are compared to observed discharges as well as two benchmark streamflow data products, finding comparable or improved performance. Hydrostreamer v1.0 is open source and is available from http://github.com/mkkallio/hydrostreamer/ under MIT licence.
Simulation of the evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol
with different volatility basis set schemes in PMCAMx-SRv1.0
Authors: Theodoritsi Georgia N. , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. A source-resolved three-dimensional chemical transport model, PMCAMx-SR, was applied in the continental U.S. to investigate the contribution of the various components (primary and secondary) of biomass burning organic aerosol (bbOA) to organic aerosol levels. Two different schemes based on the volatility basis set were used for the simulation of the bbOA during different seasons. The first is the default scheme of PMCAMx-SR and the second is a recently developed scheme based on laboratory experiments of the bbOA evolution. The simulations with the alternative bbOA scheme predict much higher total bbOA concentrations when compared with the base case ones. This is mainly due to the high emissions of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) assumed in the alternative scheme. The oxidation of these compounds is predicted to be a significant source of secondary organic aerosol. The impact of the other parameters that differ in the two schemes is low to negligible. The monthly average maximum predicted concentrations of the alternative bbOA scheme were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of the default scheme during all seasons. The performance of the two schemes was evaluated against observed total organic aerosol concentrations from several measurement sites across the US. The results were mixed. The default scheme performed better during July and September while the alternative scheme performed a little better during April. These results illustrate the uncertainty of the corresponding predictions, the need to quantify the emissions and reactions of IVOCs from specific biomass sources, and to better constrain the total (primary and secondary) bbOA levels.
Quantifying and attributing time step sensitivities in present-day
climate simulations conducted with EAMv1
Authors: Wan Hui , Zhang Shixuan , Rasch Philip J. , Larson Vincent E. , Zeng Xubin , Yan Huiping
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This study assesses the relative importance of time integration error in present-day climate simulations conducted with the atmosphere component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (EAMv1) at 1-degree horizontal resolution. We show that a factor-of-6 reduction of time step size in all major parts of the model leads to significant changes in the long-term mean climate. Examples of such changes include warming in the lower troposphere, cooling in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere, as well as decreases of relative humidity throughout the troposphere accompanied by cloud fraction decreases. These changes imply that the reduction of temporal truncation errors leads to a notable although unsurprising degradation of agreement between the simulated and observed present-day climate; the model would require retuning to regain optimal climate fidelity in the absence of those truncation errors. A coarse-grained attribution of the time step sensitivities is carried out by separately shortening time steps used in various components of EAM or by revising the numerical coupling between some processes. Our analysis leads to the counter-intuitive finding that the marked decreases in the subtropical low-cloud fraction and total cloud radiative effect are caused not by the step size used for the collectively subcycled turbulence, shallow convection and stratiform cloud macro- and microphysics parameterizations but by the step sizes used outside the subcycles. Further analysis suggests that the coupling frequency between the subcycles and the rest of EAM has a substantial impact on the marine stratocumulus decks while the deep convection parameterization has a significant impact on trade cumulus. The step size of the cloud macro- and microphysics subcycles appears to have a primary impact on cloud fraction at most latitudes in the upper troposphere as well as in the mid-latitude near-surface layers. Impacts of step sizes used by the dynamical core and radiation appear to be relatively small. These results provide useful clues to help better understand the root causes of time step sensitivities in EAM. The experimentation strategy used here can also provide a pathway for other models to identify and reduce time integration errors.
Stratigraphic Identification with Airborne Electromagnetic
Methods at the Hanford Site, Washington
Authors: Jaysaval Piyooh , Robinson Judith L. , Johnson Timothy C.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Stratigraphic units can influence the fate and transport of subsurface contaminants within groundwater. Units having coarse-grained sediments act as preferential flow pathways, and therefore can accelerate the transport of contaminants to reach human and ecological receptors. At legacy waste sites, detailed knowledge of subsurface stratigraphy can be used for effective monitoring and remediation planning to help minimize risk to human health and the environment. Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods can non-invasively provide information on kilometer-scale or larger subsurface stratigraphic features and fill informational gaps in directly sampled data from sparsely located boreholes. In this paper, we present inversion results of a 412 line-km frequency-domain AEM survey to delineate subsurface stratigraphic features at the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington State. The inversion was performed using a massively parallel 3D electromagnetic modeling and inversion code, where the modeling is based on solving frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations using an unstructured-mesh finite-element method and the inversion employs a Gauss-Newton optimization scheme. The results are compared to an underlying geologic framework model (GFM), built by interpolating contact depths of stratigraphic units interpreted from site borehole datasets. In areas with good borehole coverage, the inversion results show a good match with the GFM to a depth of about 60 m. Outside of these areas, the inversion results exhibit inconsistencies from the assumptions made to create the GFM, demonstrating that the AEM survey results can be used to improve the understanding of the geological conceptual model.
Land Subsidence due to groundwater pumping: Hazard Probability
Assessment through the Combination of Bayesian Model and Fuzzy
Set Theory
Authors: Li Huijun , Zhu Lin , Guo Gaoxuan , Zhang Yan , Dai Zhenxue , Li Xiaojuan , Chang Linzhen , Teatini Pietro
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence caused by groundwater over-pumping threatens the sustainable development in Beijing. Hazard assessments of land subsidence can provide early warning information to improve prevention measures. However, uncertainty and fuzziness are the major issues during hazard assessments of land subsidence. We propose a method that integrates fuzzy set theory and weighted Bayesian model (FWBM) to evaluate the hazard probability of land subsidence measured by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology. The model is structured as a directed acyclic graph. The hazard probability distribution of each factor triggering land subsidence is determined using Bayes’ theorem. Fuzzification of the factor significance reduces the ambiguity of the relationship between the factors and subsidence. The probability of land subsidence hazard under multiple factors is then calculated with the FWBM. The subsidence time-series obtained by InSAR is used to infer the updated posterior probability. The upper and middle parts of the Chaobai River alluvial fan is taken as a case-study site, which locates the first large-scale Emergency Groundwater Resource Region in Beijing plain. The results show that rates of groundwater level decrease larger than 1 m/y in the confined and unconfined aquifers, compressible layer thicknesses between 160 and 170 m, and Quaternary thicknesses between 400 and 500 m yield maximum hazard probabilities of 0.65, 0.68, 0.32, and 0.35, respectively. The overall hazard probability of land subsidence in the study area decreased from 51.3 % to 28.3 % between 2003 and 2017 due to lower rates of groundwater level decrease. This study provides useful insights for decision-makers to select different approaches for land subsidence prevention.
Analytical solution for residual stress and strain preserved in
anisotropic inclusion entrapped in isotropic host
Authors: Zhong Xin , Dabrowski Marcin , Jamtveit Bjørn
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Raman elastic thermobarometry has recently been applied in many petrological studies to recover the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of mineral inclusion entrapment. Existing modelling methods in petrology either adopt an assumption of a spherical, isotropic inclusion embedded in an isotropic, infinite host, or use numerical techniques such as finite element method to simulate the residual stress and strain state preserved in the non-spherical anisotropic inclusion. Here, we use the Eshelby solution to develop an analytical framework for calculating the residual stress and strain state of an elastically anisotropic, ellipsoidal inclusion in an infinite, isotropic host. The analytical solution is applicable to any class of inclusion symmetry and an arbitrary inclusion aspect ratio. Explicit expressions are derived for some symmetry classes including e.g. tetragonal, hexagonal and trigonal. The effect of changing the aspect ratio on residual stress is investigated including quartz, zircon, rutile, apatite and diamond inclusions in garnet host. Quartz is demonstrated to be the least affected, while rutile is the most affected. For prolate quartz inclusion (c-axis longer than a-axis), the effect of varying the aspect ratio on Raman shift is demonstrated to be insignificant. When c/a = 5, only ca. 0.3 cm−1 wavenumber variation is induced as compared to the spherical inclusion shape. For oblate quartz inclusions, the effect is more significant, when c/a = 0.5 ca. 0.8 cm−1 wavenumber variation for the 464 cm−1 band is induced compared to the reference spherical inclusion case. We also show that it is possible to fit an effective ellipsoid to obtain a proxy for the averaged residual stress/strain within faceted inclusion. The difference between the volumetrically averaged stress of a faceted inclusion and the analytically calculated stress from the best-fitted effective ellipsoid is calculated to obtain the root mean square deviation (RMSD) for quartz, zircon, rutile, apatite and diamond inclusions in garnet host. Based on the results of 500 randomly generated (a wide range of aspect ratio and random crystallographic orientation) faceted inclusion, we show that the volumetrically averaged stress serves as an excellent stress measure and the associated RMSD is less than 2 %, except for diamond with a systematically higher RMSD (ca. 8 %). This expands the applicability of the analytical solution for any arbitrary inclusion shape in practical Raman measurements.
Reverse time migration (RTM) imaging of iron-oxide deposits in the
Ludvika mining area, Sweden
Authors: Ding Yinshuai , Malehmir Alireza
Published: October 2020

Abstract. To discover or delineate mineral deposits and other geological features such as faults and lithological boundaries in their host rocks, seismic methods are a qualified choice, given their resolution power at depth. One major goal for seismic methods is to produce a reliable image of the subsurface given the typical discontinuous geology in crystalline environment with low signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, we investigate the usefulness of reverse time migration (RTM) imaging algorithm in hardrock environment by applying it to a legacy 2D dataset, which was acquired in the Ludvika mining area of central Sweden. We provide a how-to solution for applications of RTM in future and similar datasets. When using the RTM imaging technique properly, it is possible to obtain high-fidelity seismic images of the subsurface. Due to good amplitude preservation in the RTM image, the imaged reflectors provide indications to infer their geological origin. Aside from the chosen seismic imaging algorithm, we illustrate that two other important factors for successful RTM imaging workflows are the suitable acquisition and careful data pre-processing. Exemplified with the Ludvika legacy data, the RTM method allows imaging the iron-oxide deposits at a great level of detail down to 1200 m depth as shown from previous studies. It also provides much-improved images of the lithological contacts and crosscutting features relative to the mineralized sheets. Some of the imaged crosscutting features are considered to be crucial when interpreting large-scale geological structures of the site and the likely disappearance of mineralization at depth. The RTM imaging workflows have the potential to be used on hardrock seismic data and for deep targeting mineral deposits, a key message we would like to deliver in this article.
Dialogic pedagogy in graduate teacher education research advisement: A narrative account of three teacher educators
Authors: Baxan Victorina , Pattison-Meek Joanne , Campbell Andrew B.
Published: October 2020

Research methods courses often tend to focus on transferring technical information to students rather than offer a more dialogical approach to learning (Barraket, 2005; Kilburn et al., 2014). By drawing on the concept of self-study (Bullough & Pinnegar, 2001), through personal journals and retrospective reflections, this paper explores learning activities introduced in three teacher education graduate research methods courses to support student learning beyond the mastering of research skills or techniques. Narratives of three teacher educators illustrate how teacher candidates can dialogically reflect on research-related topics with peers, bring questions forward for discussion in class and online, apply their emerging technical research skills through collective analysis of a situation, and grow collective knowledge. Teacher candidates recognize the importance of research in their work, although their passion for conducting research is influenced by varied constraints, including research design, programmatic and personal limitations.
Zariski topology on the spectrum of graded pseudo prime submodules
Authors: Abu-Dawwas Rashid
Published: October 2020

In this article, we introduce the concept of graded pseudo prime submodules of graded modules that is a generalization of the graded prime ideals over commutative rings. We study the Zariski topology on the graded spectrum of graded pseudo prime submodules. We clarify the relation between the properties of this topological space and the algebraic properties of the graded modules under consideration.
On the existence of positive solutions for a local fractional boundary value problem with an integral boundary condition
Authors: Ahmadkhanlu Asghar
Published: October 2020

In this work, we are concerened with the fractional differential equation     \begin{displaymath}D^{\alpha}_{0^+} u(t)+f(t,u(s))=0,\quad 1<\alpha\leq 2\end{displaymath}where $D^\alpha_{0^+}$ is  the standard Riemann-Liouville fractional  derivative, subject to the local boundary conditions\begin{displaymath}u(0)=0,\quad u(1)+\int_0^\eta u(t)dt=0, \quad 0\leq \eta< 1.\end{displaymath}We try to obtain the existence of positive solutions by using some fixed point theorems.\end{abstract}
Various contractions in generalized metric space
Authors: Rathee Savita , Dhingra Kusum , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a survey that aims to provide a brief study of various contractions and development of fixed point theorems for these contractions in the context of generalized metric space introduced by Branciari.
Simplifying coefficients in differential equations related to generating functions of reverse Bessel and partially degenerate Bell polynomials
Authors: Qi Feng
Published: October 2020

In the paper, by virtue of the Fa\'a di Bruno formula and identities for the Bell polynomials of the second kind, the author simplifies coefficients in a family of ordinary differential equations related to generating functions of reverse Bessel and partially degenerate Bell polynomials.
Discovering Turkish Generation-Z in the Context of Educational Technology
Authors: Sanalan Vehbi Aytekin , Taşlıbeyaz Elif
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this study was to investigate the new generation in order to identify their distinctive characteristics considering their everyday technology use during their lifespan. The secondary aim was to examine the needs of individuals in the Generation-Z in educational environments equipped with technology. A mixed-method research design was utilized. Data were collected by the New Generation Characteristics Scale (NGCS), and by an interview form. The participants of this study were 882 university students. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques, and the qualitative data using content analysis. As a result, participants’ internet and social media use frequency was found to be related with their NGCS scores. Internet use from childhood was also found to be an important characteristic for Generation-Z. On the other hand, socio economical statuses were not effective in identifying Generation-Z members. In addition, it was seen that interactive technological applications should be included in the courses in which students can work in collaboration. The students preferred interactive technologies and applications, supporting multitasking features of Generation-Z. In addition, the students wanted to see the availability of more flexible environments, such as online discussions and access to materials outside the classroom. In this study, Generation-Z was more open to cooperation, and they had higher communication skills, which is consistent with previous research.
Uso agrícola del suelo y demanda de agua para riego en la cuenca del río Vinces (Ecuador) durante el período 1990 – 2014
Authors: Muñoz Murcillo José Luis , Gentili Jorge , Bustos Cara Roberto
Published: October 2020

El rápido crecimiento demográfico y la creciente demanda internacional de productos agrícolas tropicales han propiciado la conversión de extensas áreas de tierra para la producción agrícola intensiva de varios monocultivos en el Ecuador. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el cambio temporo-espacial del uso del suelo agrícola y la ampliación de su frontera en la cuenca del río Vinces durante el período 1990-2014 por efecto de la presencia de los principales monocultivos agrícolas y la demanda de agua para riego por parte de los mismos cultivos agrícolas, de acuerdo a las concesiones de agua otorgadas por la autoridad gubernamental con competencia en la cuenca. La presente investigación conllevó la recopilación de geoinformación digital, su posterior procesamiento en Sistemas de Información Geográfica, tabulación de información estadística oficial y verificación en terreno. La integración conceptual de la Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos permite avanzar en la comprensión de la complejidad y las dificultades para alcanzar un equilibrio entre los procesos naturales y sociales que nos afectan. Las coberturas agrícolas principales de la cuenca del río Vinces representada por los monocultivos de banano, cacao, y palma aceitera presentaron un notable y progresivo cambio temporo-espacial (ampliación de la superficie cultivada) y aumento de la presión por el agua de la cuenca para el riego en el largo período de estiaje. Las concesiones históricas de agua para riego extendidas en la cuenca del río Vinces por parte de la autoridad ambiental no refleja el verdadero volumen que emplea el sector agrícola en la etapa de verano, lo cual queda demostrado al relacionar los volúmenes de agua concesionados, las hectáreas de cultivos plantadas y los requerimientos reales de agua por los cultivos antes mencionados para lograr su máxima productividad.
Dos ciudades por el agua y contra el agua, Santiago (Chile) y Murcia (España): patrimonio a partir del río como elemento de fundación y destrucción
Authors: Castejón Porcel Gregorio
Published: October 2020

Las ciudades de Santiago y Murcia, a pesar de las diferencias históricas en su génesis y evolución, poseen una condición identitaria que las convierte en emplazamientos cuya existencia está marcada por un mismo elemento geográfico, el río. Tal y como se expone en este trabajo, fundamentado en un estudio comparado en base al análisis bibliográfico, documental y el trabajo de campo, en ambos casos, los caudales de estas corrientes servían para irrigar un espacio de huerta que garantizó el desarrollo de las urbes; además, de igual forma, ambas han sobrevivido defendiéndose frente a las arroyadas mediante la construcción de sendas infraestructuras de encauzamiento. En consecuencia, las obras de domesticación para el uso agrícola e industrial de las aguas, así como las labores de defensa, dieron lugar a un patrimonio de enorme valor y relevancia, cuya salvaguarda y promoción se demuestra que necesita de una mayor consideración, protección e impulso turístico cultural.
La política de vivienda de la despolitización: gobernanza neoliberal, tecnocracia y luchas urbanas. El caso del Movimiento de pobladores Ukamau, Estación Central
Authors: Paulsen Espinoza Alex
Published: October 2020

La política de vivienda ha actuado como un sedante para los sectores vulnerados despolitizándolos y transformándolos en sujetos beneficiarios. Bajo un marco teórico que considera las características de la gobernanza urbana neoliberal con un enfoque en la tecnocracia que la caracteriza, este estudio trata de describir un caso en donde los pobladores se enfrentaron a dicha gobernanza neoliberal y su tecnocracia. Por medio de una metodología que consideró entrevistas semiestructuradas, etnografía participantes y datos desde organismos oficiales, los resultados demuestran que esta gobernanza neoliberal tecnocrática ha establecido intermediarios técnicos –como las Entidades de Gestión Inmobiliaria, EGIS– que han limitado y maquillado la participación de los pobladores. Además, un alto porcentaje de estas Entidades de Gestión Inmobiliaria realizan las actividades propias de la cultura tecnocrática: asesorías y consultorías. Asimismo, este estudio trata de dar cuenta de las estrategias llevadas a cabo por las familias de pobladores el movimiento Ukamau para enfrentarse a estos agentes, y que no solo fueron las protestas urbanas en el espacio público, sino que algo que fue más allá.