bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The emperor of fashion’s new starts: Creativity and meaning in life in Karl Lagerfeld
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Kelley James L.
Published: August 2021

During his lifetime, Karl Otto Lagerfeld (1933–2018) attained such industry renown that he became widely known as the Emperor of Fashion. Lagerfeld ran several fashion houses, such as Chanel and Fendi, leading them to unprecedented profits. He also created his own fashion label. Owing to his unremitting pursuit of excellence through creative expression, Lagerfeld’s creativity, energy and intuition for fashion trends seemed only to expand throughout his long career. The authors suggest that, through his creative approach to fashion, architecture, and publishing, Lagerfeld articulated and refined a core set of values-such as “Bildung,” “lightness” and “the unexpected”—that served as a Diltheyan “nexus” linking the Prussian-born designer with the global consumer. The authors apply two specific creativity theories to Lagerfeld’s life and work, namely the mini-c, little-c, Pro-c and Big-C creativity theory and Sternberg’s WICS-model (wisdom, intelligence and creativity). The article uses a psychobiographical case study design formulated according to a research paradigm of modern hermeneutics. First- and third-person data on Lagerfeld were collected and evaluated through a hermeneutically-informed syntho-analysis. Research ethics were followed. The findings demonstrate the interplay of mini-c, little-c, Pro-c and Big-C creativity throughout the subject’s lifetime, as well as the subject’s application of WICS, both of which led to the subject’s worldwide success. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
A journey towards meaning: An existential psychobiography of Maya Angelou
Authors: Harisunker Nadene , du Plessis Carol
Published: August 2021

This psychobiography focuses on meaning making in the early life and young adulthood of acclaimed African American author Maya Angelou (1928-2014) through the lens of Frankl’s existential psychology with a specific focus on the tri-dimensional nature of human beings and the fundamental triad. The primary data source was Angelou’s own published autobiographies, which contain an in-depth narrative of her early life and young adulthood. Data was extracted, organised and analysed according to established qualitative research methods as well as through the identification of psychological saliences. The search for meaning within Angelou’s own narrative of her life was clearly apparent in the thematic analysis. Angelou’s narrative of her journey through the physical (childhood and adolescence), psychological (travelling and searching years) and spiritual (sensemaking years) dimensions was core to her meaning making. The three tiers of the fundamental triad (awareness of meaning, will to meaning, freedom of will) were present in various aspects of Angelou’s existential journey, manifesting as a focus on choice, responsibility, purpose, and acceptance. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of meaning making processes in the lives of extraordinary individuals, as well as contributing to the development of the research method of psychobiography, with a specific focus on meaning making.
Means and Mechanism of the Realization of Linguistic Subjectivity from the Perspective of Philosophical Cognition
Authors: Zhuan Peng Bing
Published: August 2021

This study discusses the linguistic subjectivity (LS) phenomenon from the perspective of philosophical cognition. The purpose of this study is to explore the human’s cognitive styles and ways of existence in language and to deepen the understanding of communicative functions of language. An interactive geometric research framework of LS was constructed and the means and mechanism of its realization were explored at six levels: language system level, language use level, propositional meaning level, non-propositional meaning level, speaker’s encoded meaning level and hearer’s decoded meaning level. Also, three dimensions were covered: lexical dimension, syntactic dimension, and discourse dimension. Results show that humans’ cognitive styles and ways of existence encoded in language can be more profoundly dug by exploring LS from the perspective of philosophical cognition. The study can provide a feasible analytical framework for systematically and comprehensively probing of LS phenomenon. Thus, the study facilitates a deeper understanding of LS and communicative functions of language. The study also thoroughly mines subjective factors behind the speaker’s words, utterances or discourse, such as attitudes, emotions and feelings, which also belong to the cognition category, indicating the speaker’s existence in language.
The Phenomenon of Common Sense and the Thinking of Alfred Schutz
Authors: Trujillo Joaquin
Published: August 2021

This article deconstructs Alfred Schutz’s thinking to its ownmost (Wesen) meaning: the rendition of the phenomenon of common sense. It discerns the exposition of the meaning of common sense as the foundational movement (ἀρχὴ κινήσεως) that runs through the course of Schutz’s constitutive phenomenology of the natural attitude. It predicates this thesis on Schutz’s elucidation of the phenomena of the life-world (Lebenswelt), typification and common sense as a single phenomenon: κοινἠ πρᾶξῐς (common praxis). The analysis includes hermeneutic-phenomenological considerations. It proposes to enhance the interpretability of Schutz’s thinking and its availability to the human sciences.
Modelo competencial del maestro en educación infantil
Authors: Rebollo-Quintela Nuria , Losada-Puente Luisa
Published: August 2021

La formación inicial y permanente del maestro en Educación Infantil debe ajustarse a los retos educativos actuales respondiendo a las recomendaciones de la Unión Europea en materia competencial y a la necesidad de un modelo global docente. Partiendo de estas premisas, la Xunta de Galicia propuso un Modelo para definir el perfil del maestro en cuatro dimensiones competenciales: educador y guía, miembro de una organización, interlocutor y referente, e investigador e innovador. El objetivo general del presente estudio fue conocer la relevancia que el alumnado otorga a las mismas para su futuro ejercicio. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, descriptivo-exploratorio, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 144 estudiantes de 3º y 4º de Grado en Educación Infantil. Las cuatro competencias fueron consideradas altamente relevantes, destacando significativamente Interlocutor y referente (p < .001) y sus subcompetencias (gestión y promoción de valores y convivencia, compromiso personal y ético; y habilidades personales, sociales y relacionales). En conclusión, se puede extraer que el reconocimiento y valoración positiva del alumnado hacia su formación inicial y, con ello, a disponer de un modelo de formación integral repercutirá, no solo en la capacitación adquirida, sino también en su predisposición hacia la búsqueda de mejora continua.

The initial and permanent training of the teacher in Early Childhood Education must be adapted to the current educational challenges in response to the recommendations of the European Union in terms of competency and to the need for a global teaching model. Based on this, the Xunta de Galicia proposed a Model to define the teacher’s profile based on four competency dimensions: educator and guide, member of an organization, interlocutor and referent, and researcher and innovator. The general objective of the present study was to know the relevance that students give to them for their future exercise. A quantitative methodology, descriptive-exploratory, was carried out by applying a questionnaire to 144 students from the 3rd and 4th grade of the Degree in Early Childhood Education. The four competencies were considered highly relevant, highlighting significantly Interlocutor and referent (p < .001) and its subcompetences (management and promotion of values and coexistence, personal and ethical commitment; and personal, social and relational skills). It can be concluded that the positive recognition and assessment of the students toward their initial training and, therefore, to have a comprehensive training model will have an impact not only on the training acquired, but also on their predisposition towards the search for continuous improvement.
El profesorado de apoyo y las barreras que interfieren en la creación de apoyos educativos inclusivos
Authors: Abellán Rubio Javier , Arnaiz Sánchez Pilar , Alcaraz García Salvador
Published: August 2021

La consecución de apoyos educativos inclusivos precisa de una respuesta a la diversidad común para todo el centro, que genere espacios que aseguren la presencia, la participación y el logro socioeducativo de todos los estudiantes. El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar cómo se desarrolla el apoyo educativo desde el marco de acción de la educación inclusiva en una comarca de la Región de Murcia. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, no experimental y de corte mixto, a través de la utilización de un cuestionario en el que participaron 23 docentes de apoyo. Los resultados evidencian una desvinculación en las tareas del profesorado de apoyo hacia el aula ordinaria, una atención, en gran medida, individualizada y fuera del aula ordinaria hacia el alumnado que recibe apoyo, y una falta de coordinación y trabajo conjunto por parte de los docentes de apoyo y los docentes de aula ordinaria. Se concluye que la transformación de las barreras que dificultan el asentamiento de sistemas de apoyo inclusivo en facilitadores para la inclusión, pueden venir determinadas, por la existencia de un currículo más flexible, la formación docente en inclusión y la reformulación de los roles docentes hacia perfiles más colaborativos.

The attainment of inclusive educational support requires a common response to diversity for the whole centre, which generates spaces that ensure the presence, participation and socio-educational achievement of all students. The general objective of this study is to analyse how educational support is developed from the framework of action of inclusive education in a territory from the Region of Murcia. For this purpose, a descriptive, non-experimental and mixed research was carried out using a questionnaire in which 23 support teachers participated. The results show a dissociation in the tasks of the support teachers towards the regular classroom, a largely individualised attention outside the regular classroom towards the students who receive support, and a lack of coordination and joint work on the part of the support teachers and the regular classroom teachers. It is concluded that the transformation of the barriers that hinder the establishment of inclusive support systems into facilitators for inclusion, can be determined by the existence of a more flexible curriculum, teacher training in inclusion and the reformulation of teaching roles towards more collaborative profiles.
Pia Arke: Scoresbysundhistorier. Fotografier, kolonisering og kortlægning
Authors: Sejersen Frank
Published: August 2021

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HANOI
Authors: Valentin Karen
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the role that cities

play in constructing and mediating

particular historical accounts. Drawing on

fieldwork experiences from Hanoi and

Kathmandu it adopts a comparative

perspective and explores how history is

mediated, experienced and interpreted

through the physical organisation of the

city. History is conceptualised both chronologically

as sequences of events that can

be traced in the physical environment of

the city and as a temporally specific

narrative about the city and the wider

society of which it is part. The article

throws light on the impact different

political regimes have had on the built

environment and how this has informed

the social organisation and human use of

urban space in Hanoi. Comparing this

with the social and physical organisation

of Kathmandu two particular issues

become salient, firstly the way in which

the influence of foreign powers is physically

manifest in the city; secondly how

specific places, as national symbols of

unity, frame everyday activities in the city.
Shinji Yamashita & J.S. Eades (eds.): Globalization in Southeast Asia. Local, National, and Transnational Perspectives
Authors: Bergendorff Steen
Published: August 2021

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ENQUETE: Slægtskabets grænse – jord eller blod?
Authors: Heiefort Ralph
Published: August 2021

ENQUETE: Ralph Heiefort: Slægtskabets grænse – jord eller blod?
FORFATTERLISTE
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: August 2021

FORFATTERLISTE
Charlotte Holgersson, Pia Höök, Sophie Linghag & Anna Wahl: Det ordner sig. Teorier om organisation og køn
Authors: Nielsen Tinna Christiansen
Published: August 2021

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Materielle Minder: Om at huske med genstand og krop
Authors: Makovicy Nicolette
Published: August 2021

Nicolette Makovicy: Material Memories: On Remembering with Object and Body We live surrounded by cultural objects, either of our own making, or appropriated from other sources through purchase or gift. This article is an exploration of how our interaction with material culture can affect how we remember, and inquires into the wider implications this has on knowledge and memories which circulate in social relations and across generations. The specific object of study is handmade bobbin lace, its production and circulation in the central Slovak provincial town of Banská Bystrica and its surrounding villages. The author takes a critical stance towards the conventional notion that objects can act as analogues for memory, as illustrated by Aristotle’s memoria. Instead, the author attempts to explore what an approach which underscores memory as a spontaneous recall. The article first deals with the relationship between skill, an embodied form of knowledge which relies on the physical training of the body to perform precise movements, and the product of this knowledge, the lace, as a means of transferring craft knowledge between makers. It is argued that the body and the senses are indispensable to this transfer, the key to the understanding and memorization of knowledge being physical reproduction. The second part of the article deals with lace articles as an element of household décor. It is shown that lace articles, while all being spoken of as making permanent memories through their materiality, most often have shifting meanings attached to them determined by a frequent circulation between households. Finally, it is suggested that the emphasis on materiality is used by the informants as a discursive device in their attempts to ground themselves socially and historically.
IDEERNES EPIDEMIOLOGI OG KULTURENS IMMUNOLOGI: Et forsvar for et kulturhistorisk forklaringsniveau
Authors: Sørensen Jesper
Published: August 2021

In recent developments in anthropology and the science of religion, the concept of

culture has been criticised as being without any explanatory value. Thus, proponents of

cognitive anthropology have argued that culture, instead of explaining anything by

itself, is the thing in need of explanation. Dan Sperber and Pascal Boyer have

independently argued that in order to understand the diffusion of cultural ideas, we

need to pay close attention to two selective factors: domain-specific cognitive mechanisms

and pragmatic relevancy. This theoretical development has been successful in

demolishing any remnants of a reified concept of culture and has, in contrast to

postmodernist critiques, supplied a scientifically viable alternative. Their approach should

thus be endorsed, but in their eagerness to promote a purely cognitive approach, Sperber

and Boyer have failed to explain the relative local success and stability of some

representations in contrast to other equally cognitive optimal representations. Why do

some religious representations thrive while other, equally cognitive optimal

representations, disappear? In order to address this problem, the metaphor of an

epidemiology of representations, suggested by Sperber, is extended by an “immunology

of cultural systems”. In addition to the selective forces described by Sperber and Boyer,

the immunological approach argues that the relative success of new representations is

largely dependent on how well they fit already existing cultural models. The success of

religious ideas is not only a product of how often they are expressed and how well they

fit cognitive structures. Their relative position in a constantly evolving ecology of ideas

will have a substantial impact on whether they are transmitted to new individuals or

whether they disappear together with countless other unsuccessful representations.

Describing the systematic relations between public representations and their historical

development is thus a necessary supplement to the epidemiological approach.
Lars Andersen, Poul Duedal & Louise N. Kallestrup (red.): De måske udstødte. Historiens marginale eksistenser
Authors: Veber Hanne
Published: August 2021

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INTRODUKTION
Authors: Nielsen Morten , Dalsgård Anne Line
Published: August 2021

INTRODUKTION
Chahdortt Djavann: Kast sløret
Authors: Bøggild Lotte
Published: August 2021

Anmeldes af Lotte Bøggild
INTRODUKTION
Authors: Martin Helle Max , Heiefort Ralph , Jakobsen Turf Böcker
Published: August 2021

INTRODUKTION
JOSEPH DUMIT OG NYE TENDENSER I ANTROPOLOGIEN
Authors: Andersen Astrid Oberborbeck
Published: August 2021

Det følgende stykke tekst rapporterer fra en række begivenheder, som fandt sted i det danske antropologiske landskab i 2018, og forsøger at portrættere, hvad man kunne kalde dataetnografi i en digital tid
KAMPEN FOR EN OFFICIEL UNDSKYLDNING
Authors: Grønbæk Jensen Stine
Published: August 2021

I artiklen undersøges betydningen af officielle undskyldninger for ofrene for svigtog overgreb i fortiden og det transformerende potentiale, som kampen for retfærdighedkan have. Forfatteren viser, hvordan Godhavnsdrengenes mangeårige kampfor en officiel undskyldning har konstitueret Godhavn som et delt erindringssted iDanmark, det vil sige et omdrejningspunkt for fælles forestillinger og anerkendtefortællinger om fortidens børneforsorg. Hun argumenterer for, at dette har åbnetet nyt mulighedsrum, hvor tidligere børnehjemsbørn gennem erindringsarbejdeer begyndt at artikulere og forholde sig kritisk til erindringer, der før var omgærdetaf tavshed, lagret i kroppen og vævet ind i hverdagens væren og relationertil andre. Ved at se erindringsarbejdet som en koncentreret udøvelse af kritisksubjektivitet peger forfatteren på, at den enkelte i denne proces potentielt set kanbegynde at distancere sig fra og vriste sig fri af fortidens tyngde, men også brugesine erindringer politisk til fremadrettede formål.

Søgeord: statslige undskyldninger, erindringsarbejde, børneforsorgens historie
REDAKTIONEN HAR MODTAGET
Authors: Tidsskriftet Antropologi
Published: August 2021

Redaktionen har modtaget
Sociale teknologier
Authors: Danneskiold-Samsøe Sofie , Bredahl Jacobsen Charlotte
Published: August 2021

Sociale teknologier
ENLISH SUMMARIES
Authors: Antropologi Tidsskriftet
Published: August 2021

English summaries.
INTERVIEW: TEKNOLOGI, TEKNIK, TEKNE, TING, T ...
Authors: Madsen My , Møhl Perle
Published: August 2021

En duelog mellem Inger Sjørslev og Lars Botin.
Les îles (2011) d’Isabelle Panneton et l’héritage de Philippe Boesmans : généalogie d’une démarche compositionnelle
Authors: Brasset Marie-Pierre
Published: August 2021

Dans les années 1980, après ses études auprès de Gilles Tremblay, Isabelle Panneton fait la rencontre de Philippe Boesmans lors d’un passage du compositeur belge à Montréal. Impressionnée par sa musique, elle se rendra en Belgique pour y suivre des leçons de composition avec lui de 1984 à 1987. Cette période sera déterminante pour la compositrice, ouvrant toute grande la porte à l’émergence de sa personnalité musicale. Ce texte retrace les moments forts du passage d’Isabelle Panneton chez le compositeur belge et met en lumière les liens qui les unissent, en guise de prélude à l’analyse de son trio Les îles pour violon, violoncelle et piano.
De la nostalgie postcommuniste à la promesse d’une socialité postsocialiste. Les écrans relationnels de Kateřina Šedá
Authors: Kandioler Nicole
Published: August 2021

Partant du concept de « nostalgie postcommuniste », introduit par Maria Todorova et Zsuzsa Gille en 2010 pour repenser la façon dont les habitants de l’Europe de l’Est gèrent la mémoire du passé après la chute du communisme, cet article propose une analyse de trois installations de l’artiste tchèque Kateřina Šedá (née en 1977) : It Doesn’t Matter (2005-2007), There’s Nothing There (2003) et Bedřichovice Upon Thames (2011-2015). L’isolement social grandissant observé depuis 1989 et qui se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation du nombre de divorces et d’enfants uniques, ainsi que par la hauteur des clôtures dans les villages, etc., constitue la principale source d’inspiration de l’artiste qui crée des installations sociales en collaboration avec ses « protagonistes ». Utilisant différents écrans comme interface de communication et de relation, Šedá « montre des personnes à d’autres personnes » et, de façon aussi naïve que convaincante, nous rappelle l’importance de la coprésence physique des individus pour une vie commune et une nouvelle socialité.
Encruzilhadas no coração de Shirley: a cidade, o gênero e o corpo no cinema de Edyala Yglesias
Authors: Brito Jober Pascoal Souza
Published: August 2021

O livro surge do fascínio do autor Jober Pascoal pelo filme No coração de Shirley, realizado por Edyala Iglesias, em 2002, com suas personagens divergentes, a cidade que lhe deu forma e a realidade que o produziu. Em um texto rigoroso e criativo, Jober Pascoal faz do filme, um curta-metragem de 20 minutos de duração, o núcleo de seu trabalho, articulando o filme e a cidade de Salvador para discutir gênero e o mercado do sexo num tradicional local de trabalho noturno de prostitutas e travestis. Manejando um número expressivo de referências bibliográficas e filmografias – de Michel Foucault a Gilles Deleuze; de Simone de Beauvoir a Judith Butler; de Ítalo Calvino a Pierre Bourdieu, entre tantos outros autores, Jober Pascoal cria um instigante percurso de análise que vai da “cidade invisível”, obscura e alegórica, a “cidade proibida”, aquela reinventada por atos de micro resistências, em cada uma de suas três perspectivas de abordagem: a cidade, o gênero e o corpo.
Preparing Dinosaurs
Authors: Wylie Caitlin Donahue
Published: August 2021

An investigation of the work and workers in fossil preparation labs reveals the often unacknowledged creativity and problem-solving on which scientists rely.

Those awe-inspiring dinosaur skeletons on display in museums do not spring fully assembled from the earth. Technicians known as preparators have painstakingly removed the fossils from rock, repaired broken bones, and reconstructed missing pieces to create them. These specimens are foundational evidence for paleontologists, and yet the work and workers in fossil preparation labs go largely unacknowledged in publications and specimen records. In this book, Caitlin Wylie investigates the skilled labor of fossil preparators and argues for a new model of science that includes all research work and workers.

Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews, Wylie shows that the everyday work of fossil preparation requires creativity, problem-solving, and craft. She finds that preparators privilege their own skills over technology and that scientists prefer to rely on these trusted technicians rather than new technologies. Wylie examines how fossil preparators decide what fossils, and therefore dinosaurs, look like; how labor relations between interdependent yet hierarchically unequal collaborators influence scientific practice; how some museums display preparators at work behind glass, as if they were another exhibit; and how these workers learn their skills without formal training or scientific credentials.

The work of preparing specimens is a crucial component of scientific research, although it leaves few written traces. Wylie argues that the paleontology research community's social structure demonstrates how other sciences might incorporate non-scientists into research work, empowering and educating both scientists and nonscientists.

The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
The Bias That Divides Us
Authors: Stanovich Keith E.
Published: August 2021

Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics.

In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves.

Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite—those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter.
Leveraging the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery to systematically map functional epigenetic variation
Authors: Luperchio Teresa Romeo , Boukas Leandros , Zhang Li , Pilarowski Genay , Jiang Jenny , Kalinousky Allison , Hansen Kasper D , Bjornsson Hans T
Published: August 2021

Although each Mendelian Disorder of the Epigenetic Machinery (MDEM) has a different causative gene, there are shared disease manifestations. We hypothesize that this phenotypic convergence is a consequence of shared epigenetic alterations. To identify such shared alterations, we interrogate chromatin (ATAC-seq) and expression (RNA-seq) states in B cells from three MDEM mouse models (Kabuki [KS] type 1 and 2 and Rubinstein-Taybi type 1 [RT1] syndromes). We develop a new approach for the overlap analysis and find extensive overlap primarily localized in gene promoters. We show that disruption of chromatin accessibility at promoters often disrupts downstream gene expression, and identify 587 loci and 264 genes with shared disruption across all three MDEMs. Subtle expression alterations of multiple, IgA-relevant genes, collectively contribute to IgA deficiency in KS1 and RT1, but not in KS2. We propose that the joint study of MDEMs offers a principled approach for systematically mapping functional epigenetic variation in mammals.
Muscle-specific economy of force generation and efficiency of work production during human running
Authors: Bohm Sebastian , Mersmann Falk , Santuz Alessandro , Schroll Arno , Arampatzis Adamantios
Published: August 2021

Human running features a spring-like interaction of body and ground, enabled by elastic tendons that store mechanical energy and facilitate muscle operating conditions to minimize the metabolic cost. By experimentally assessing the operating conditions of two important muscles for running, the soleus and vastus lateralis, we investigated physiological mechanisms of muscle work production and muscle force generation. We found that the soleus continuously shortened throughout the stance phase, operating as work generator under conditions that are considered optimal for work production: high force-length potential and high enthalpy efficiency. The vastus lateralis promoted tendon energy storage and contracted nearly isometrically close to optimal length, resulting in a high force-length-velocity potential beneficial for economical force generation. The favorable operating conditions of both muscles were a result of an effective length and velocity-decoupling of fascicles and muscle-tendon unit, mostly due to tendon compliance and, in the soleus, marginally by fascicle rotation.
TGFβ signalling is required to maintain pluripotency of human naïve pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Osnato Anna , Brown Stephanie , Krueger Christel , Andrews Simon , Collier Amanda J , Nakanoh Shota , Quiroga Londoño Mariana , Wesley Brandon T , Muraro Daniele , Brumm A Sophie , Niakan Kathy K , Vallier Ludovic , Ortmann Daniel , Rugg-Gunn Peter J
Published: August 2021

The signalling pathways that maintain primed human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been well characterised, revealing a critical role for TGFβ/Activin/Nodal signalling. In contrast, the signalling requirements of naïve human pluripotency have not been fully established. Here, we demonstrate that TGFβ signalling is required to maintain naïve hPSCs. The downstream effector proteins – SMAD2/3 – bind common sites in naïve and primed hPSCs, including shared pluripotency genes. In naïve hPSCs, SMAD2/3 additionally bind to active regulatory regions near to naïve pluripotency genes. Inhibiting TGFβ signalling in naïve hPSCs causes the downregulation of SMAD2/3-target genes and pluripotency exit. Single-cell analyses reveal that naïve and primed hPSCs follow different transcriptional trajectories after inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Primed hPSCs differentiate into neuroectoderm cells, whereas naïve hPSCs transition into trophectoderm. These results establish that there is a continuum for TGFβ pathway function in human pluripotency spanning a developmental window from naïve to primed states.
Thrombopoietin from hepatocytes promotes hematopoietic stem cell regeneration after myeloablation
Authors: Gao Longfei , Decker Matthew , Chen Haidee , Ding Lei
Published: August 2021

The bone marrow niche plays critical roles in hematopoietic recovery and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regeneration after myeloablative stress. However, it is not clear whether systemic factors beyond the local niche are required for these essential processes in vivo. Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a key cytokine promoting hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation and its transcripts are expressed by multiple cellular sources. The upregulation of bone marrow-derived THPO has been proposed to be crucial for hematopoietic recovery and HSC regeneration after stress. Nonetheless, the cellular source of THPO in myeloablative stress has never been investigated genetically. We assessed the functional sources of THPO following two common myeloablative perturbations: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration and irradiation. Using a Thpo translational reporter, we found that the liver but not the bone marrow is the major source of THPO protein after myeloablation. Mice with conditional Thpo deletion from osteoblasts and/or bone marrow stromal cells showed normal recovery of HSCs and hematopoiesis after myeloablation. In contrast, mice with conditional Thpo deletion from hepatocytes showed significant defects in HSC regeneration and hematopoietic rebound after myeloablation. Thus, systemic THPO from the liver is necessary for HSC regeneration and hematopoietic recovery in myeloablative stress conditions.
Correction of amblyopia in cats and mice after the critical period
Authors: Fong Ming-fai , Duffy Kevin R , Leet Madison P , Candler Christian T , Bear Mark F
Published: August 2021

Monocular deprivation early in development causes amblyopia, a severe visual impairment. Prognosis is poor if therapy is initiated after an early critical period. However, clinical observations have shown that recovery from amblyopia can occur later in life when the non-deprived (fellow) eye is removed. The traditional interpretation of this finding is that vision is improved simply by the elimination of interocular suppression in primary visual cortex, revealing responses to previously subthreshold input. However, an alternative explanation is that silencing activity in the fellow eye establishes conditions in visual cortex that enable the weak connections from the amblyopic eye to gain strength, in which case the recovery would persist even if vision is restored in the fellow eye. Consistent with this idea, we show here in cats and mice that temporary inactivation of the fellow eye is sufficient to promote a full and enduring recovery from amblyopia at ages when conventional treatments fail. Thus, connections serving the amblyopic eye are capable of substantial plasticity beyond the critical period, and this potential is unleashed by reversibly silencing the fellow eye.
A nascent polypeptide sequence modulates DnaA translation elongation in response to nutrient availability
Authors: Felletti Michele , Romilly Cédric , Wagner E Gerhart H , Jonas Kristina
Published: August 2021

The ability to regulate DNA replication initiation in response to changing nutrient conditions is an important feature of most cell types. In bacteria, DNA replication is triggered by the initiator protein DnaA, which has long been suggested to respond to nutritional changes; nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a novel mechanism that adjusts DnaA synthesis in response to nutrient availability in Caulobacter crescentus. By performing a detailed biochemical and genetic analysis of the dnaA mRNA, we identified a sequence downstream of the dnaA start codon that inhibits DnaA translation elongation upon carbon exhaustion. Our data show that the corresponding peptide sequence, but not the mRNA secondary structure or the codon choice, is critical for this response, suggesting that specific amino acids in the growing DnaA nascent chain tune translational efficiency. Our study provides new insights into DnaA regulation and highlights the importance of translation elongation as a regulatory target. We propose that translation regulation by nascent chain sequences, like the one described, might constitute a general strategy for modulating the synthesis rate of specific proteins under changing conditions.
COVID-19 and regional differences in the timeliness of hip-fracture surgery: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Golinelli Davide , Lenzi Jacopo , Adorno Emanuele , Gianino Maria Michela , Fantini Maria Pia
Published: August 2021

Background

It is of great importance to examine the impact of the healthcare reorganization adopted to confront the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of care provided to non-COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 national lockdown (March 9, 2020) on the quality of care provided to patients with hip fracture (HF) in Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna, two large regions of northern Italy severely hit by the pandemic.

Methods

We calculated the percentage of HF patients undergoing surgery within 2 days of hospital admission. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed on weekly data from December 11, 2019 to June 9, 2020 (≈6 months), interrupting the series in the 2nd week of March. The same data observed the year before were included as a control time series with no “intervention” (lockdown) in the middle of the observation period.

Results

Before the lockdown, 2-day surgery was 69.9% in Piedmont and 79.2% in Emilia-Romagna; after the lockdown, these proportions were equal to 69.8% (–0.1%) and 69.3% (–9.9%), respectively. While Piedmont did not experience any drop in the amount of surgery, Emilia-Romagna exhibited a significant decline at a weekly rate of –1.29% (95% CI [−1.71 to −0.88]). Divergent trend patterns in the two study regions reflect local differences in pandemic timing as well as in healthcare services capacity, management, and emergency preparedness.
A Survey Study of Compliance with Mask-Wearing to Prevent Coronavirus Infections among Korean Adults
Authors: Shin Nayeon , Lee Kyungmi , Kang Younhee
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the actual situation of mask wearing by adults in the early stages of the coronavirus epidemic and to identify factors that influence the transition to mask wearing and establish a management plan for more effective infectious disease prevention.Methods: This study was a multinational study conducted in ten countries. Data collected in Korea were analyzed. Adults over the age of 18 in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were targeted, and data for 657 adults were analyzed.Results: The average score for mask-wearing compliance was 16.25, ranging from 0 to 24. There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression, as well as anxiety and mask-wearing compliance. There was a significant negative correlation between depression and mask-wearing compliance. Multiple linear regression revealed that mask-wearing compliance was predicted by levels of the anxiety, depression, and education. These explanatory variables explaining the dependent variable mask-wearing compliance was 12%.Conclusion: To identify and improve factors influencing mask-wearing compliance, general characteristics including educational background of participants were identified. Psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression should also be considered. In addition, as the level of anxiety and depression will differ for each person, differentiated interventions according to psychological state should be provided.
A Survey on Undergraduate Nursing Students Safety during Fundamentals of Nursing Practicum
Authors: Chaung Seung-Kyo , Shin Yun Hee , Kang Youngmi , Choi Dongwon , Jeong Hye Sun , Song Youngshin , Kim Hyun-Ju , Kim Ji-Su , Sohng Kyeong-Yae , Park Hyoung Sook , Park Soohyun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the experience of physical and emotional safety in nursing students during fundamentals of nursing practicum.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2019. A total of 553 nursing students, who had completed fundamental nursing laboratories, participated in this study. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which included questions about general characteristics, physical and emotional safety during fundamental nursing laboratories along with an informed consent given prior to the practicum.Results: Of the students, 26 experienced physical safety accidents, and 18 reported emotional safety accidents. Students' mean stress score for physical safety was 1.95, and the mean score for emotional safety was 1.92. Of the students, more than 59.1% agreed to volunteer as practice models in certain nursing procedures’ training. Of the students, 55.8% were satisfied with using their bodies to train fundamental nursing skills. 61.8% of students reported that informed consent was obtained during the nursing laboratory, and 88.6% of students thought that informed consent needs to be obtained.Conclusion: To prevent safety accidents during the fundamentals of nursing practicum and systematically manage accidents, standardized safety guidelines for nursing practicum should be developed. Establishing various training strategies using advanced models or simulators to increase education efficiency and satisfaction is necessary.
Impact of Health Literacy and Illness Perception on Rehabilitation Adherence among Patients with Stroke
Authors: Jeong Young-Ju , Kim Hee Sun
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study explored the level of Rehabilitation Adherence (RA) in patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation treatment and identified the impact of health literacy and illness perception on RA.Methods: A total of 163 patients with stroke were recruited during hospitalization for rehabilitation treatment in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected from August 25, 2018 to October 30, 2018 using self-report structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 26.0 program.Results: The mean score for RA in participants was 3.02±0.49 (range 1~4). Men (t=2.12, p=.035), family caregiver (F=6.59, p=.002), hemorrhagic stroke (t=-2.78, p=.006), shorter period in disease diagnosis (≤12 month) (F=7.49, p=.001) and need of someone’s help for activities of daily living (F=5.20, p=.006) were associated with higher RA. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that health literacy and emotional illness perception explained RA by additional 26%p and 3%p, respectively. Higher health literacy, higher perception about concern and emotional response about disease were effective factors of higher RA in stroke patients. Health literacy was the strongest variable to explain RA among patients with stroke.Conclusion: The study provides insight into how health literacy and emotional illness perception promote RA in stroke patients. It suggests that health literacy and illness perception need to be considered in developing a nursing intervention to increase RA for patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation treatment.
An Evaluation of the Level of Household’s Participation in Environmental Sanitation in Ado Ekiti
Authors: Omotoso O. O. , Ojo O. O. , Shittu A. A.
Published: August 2021

The paper assessed the level of household’s participation in environmental sanitation in Ado Ekiti. A total of 320 copies of questionnaire were administered altogether. The copies of questionnaire were administered to the household heads in each houses selected in each wards. Data analysis was done with descriptive analysis method with the use of frequency table and percentage table. Findings further revealed that there is low turn up for environmental sanitation in the study area; it also indicated that there is moderate or average level of household members’ participation in environmental sanitation in the study area. In the same manner, findings further revealed that there are several cases of health problems and challenges related to poor involvement of the people in environmental sanitation most especially at the household level. In the same manner, there is a day set aside for environmental sanitation in the study area, however, despite this, there is low level of efficiency of environmental sanitation as supported by majority of the respondents. It is recommended that improvement of the standards of environmental sanitation should not be taken with levity hands by all tiers of government, as they should develop policies that would be geared towards improving people’s participation in household environmental sanitation in the study area and other parts of the country. Furthermore, environmental sanitation should not be only seen based on the periodic promulgation as stipulated by the law but should be seen by all citizens as a civic responsibility that needs to be done by all, there should also be the development of programmes geared towards the promotion of people’s behavioural change that would enhance the promotion of people’s participation in household based environmental sanitation.
The Effect of Drought Stress Treatment on Some Grain Quality Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties
Authors: Rao Dommalapati Sudhakara , Raghavendra Midathala , Gill Parveen , Madan Shashi , Munjal Renu
Published: August 2021

Climate change imposes many environmental stresses out of which drought stress is a major concern that significantly restricts crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. The negative impact on grain quality caused by drought stress is responsible for reduced grain yield and quality. Many previous studies aimed to understand the tolerance level of wheat varieties, but studies on grain quality traits assessment were less. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study some grain quality traits and to determine how drought stress affected these parameters. Experiments with two wheat varieties viz. WH 1105 and WH 1025 were conducted in microplots with RBD design in open fields. Grains were selected after harvest of the crop and were used to evaluate sedimentation value, β carotene, crude fibre, total sugars and starch. Sedimentation values (ml) were increased more in WH 1025 (6.9 per cent) than WH 1105 (3.8 per cent). Beta carotene content (µg g-1 DW), crude fibre (%), total sugar (%) and starch (%) contents were decreased in both wheat varieties and more decrease was observed in WH 1105 than WH 1025 under drought condition than irrigated condition. The study revealed that quality traits of WH 1105 were much affected than WH 1025 under drought stress.
Vacuum Extractor Versus Manual Head Extraction During Cesarean Section
Authors: Basha Shahenda H. , Shatat Doaa N. , Elgergawy Adel E. , Elnamoury Mohsen M.
Published: August 2021

Background: For multifactorial reasons, the rate of cesarean deliveries increased clearly over a decade; decreased in vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC), multiple gestation, maternal obesity, pre-term labor, gestational diabetes or hypertension, increased number of high-risk expectant mothers and the obstetrical medico-legal environment. Delivering the fetal head at cesarean section can also be a lengthy operation and can result in maternal or fetal Complications. The vacuum extractor allows for the application of traction on the fetal head. In this study we aim to compare the safety (for mother and infant) and efficacy of delivery of the fetal head in cesarean section using vacuum extractor with the manual extraction.

Methods: This study was conducted on 60 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. All patients were between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy with signs of healthy fetus and were divided into 2 groups; Group I- 30 patients subjected to vacuum extraction at the cesarean section, Group II- 30 patients subjected to the conventional cesarean method.

The result: The BMI of women in group I was 27.90 ± 0.96 and in group II was 28.0 ± 0.98. The gestational age of the babies in Group I and II were 39.0 ± 1.02 and 39.0 ± 0.98 weeks. U-D interval for Group I and Group II were 48.40 ± 17.63 and 73.87 ± 16.76 days respectively. The estimated blood loss in group I and group II were 478.0 ± 59.62 and 464.7 ± 52.57 respectively. The birth weight of the babies delivered in Group I and Group II were 4253.33 ± 118.72 and 4246.67 ± 135.58 KG respectively. The five minutes Apgar score for Group I and Group II were 8.50 ± 0.68 and 8.57 ± 0.57.

Conclusion: The use of the vacuum extractor at cesarean section may be a safe and effective method to facilitate delivery of the large fetal head and cesarean section delivery can be simplified by this technique.