bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mujeres con pena privativa de libertad: ¿quiénes son y cómo viven en una cárcel de Ecuador?/ Women's imprisonment: Who they are and how they live in a prison in Ecuador?
Authors: Almeida Laddy
Published: December 2017

Los estudios acerca de personas con pena privativa de libertad tradicionalmente han excluido en el análisis al grupo de mujeres presas bajo el argumento de su escaso número. Esta ausencia en el conocimiento motivó la realización del presente estudio que tiene como objetivo perfilar social y jurídicamente a mujeres recluidas en uno de los Centros de Rehabilitación Social ecuatorianos y, así mismo, conocer su forma de vida mientras cumplen condena, en la mayoría de casos, junto con sus hijos. El enfoque mixto en esta investigación permitió definir un diagnóstico coincidente con los planteamientos de la teoría del desarrollo sobre la delincuencia femenina. Los resultados permitieron ratificar que la falta de educación, el desempleo, la desestructuración familiar y la pobreza caracterizan mayoritariamente la realidad social de mujeres contraventoras de la ley y que los efectos adversos de las penas que cumplen trascienden los muros carcelarios y alcanzan sus redes familiares.

 

Abstract

Studies on people with custodial sentences have traditionally excluded in the analysis the group of women imprisoned under the argument of their limited number. This exclusion has motivated the development of the present study that as an objective wants to create a social and legal profile of women in one of the Ecuadorian Centers of Social Rehabilitation. This will help understand their daily life while in prison, which in major cases includes their life with their children. The emphasis of this investigation allows to define a diagnose that consists with the approaches of the theory of development of criminal activity by women. The results allowed to emphasise that the lack of education, employment, the destruction of families and the poverty is part of the social reality of the majority of women who break the law. The adversary effects of the jail sentences transcends prison walls and reaches the families of the women who are in prison.
Estudios de ignorancia, inteligencia y la guerra contra las drogas en Colombia/ Ignorance studies, intelligence and the war on drugs in Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Castro Javier
Published: December 2017

Resumen

Los enormes recursos invertidos en la inteligencia en la guerra contra las drogas han permitido a las agencias estatales acumular un importante conocimiento sobre el actuar de las redes internacionales del narcotráfico. La inteligencia juega un papel central en la planeación y conducción de operaciones de interdicción marítima. La utilización de la inteligencia en este tipo de operaciones tiene, sin embargo, limitaciones; y no menos importante, la interpretación y reinterpretación que se hace de los resultados. Propongo que los estudios de ignorancia pueden servir para explicar estos resultados paradójicos, así como el rol y los límites de la inteligencia en la guerra contra las drogas. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de los estudios de ignorancia para entender las diferentes interpretaciones del uso de la inteligencia y los resultados de esta. El presente análisis se basa en una serie de entrevistas realizadas a miembros de la Armada en diversas partes del país.

 

Abstract

The enormous resources invested in intelligence in the war on drugs have allowed state agencies to accumulate a valuable knowledge about the actions of international drug trafficking networks. Intelligence plays a central role in planning and conducting maritime interdiction operations. The use of intelligence in this type of operations, however, has limitations, not least the interpretation and reinterpretation of the results. I propose that studies of ignorance can serve to explain these paradoxical results, as well as the role and limits of intelligence in the war on drugs. In this article, we reflect on the possibilities of ignorance studies to understand the different interpretations of the use of intelligence and the results of this. The present analysis was based on a series of interviews with members of the Navy in various regions of the country.
MODELOS CAUSALES DE INDICADORES EN LA INFORMACIÓN CORPORATIVA SOBRE SOSTENIBILIDAD
Authors: Déniz-Mayor José Juan , Verona Martel María Concepción
Published: December 2017

Los modelos basados en el enfoque “Presión - Estado - Respuesta” han sido una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en el contexto de la formulación de políticas públicas en materia ambiental, si bien su uso se ha extendido a otros ámbitos como el social o el económico. En este trabajo se presenta, a título introductorio, una adaptación de estos modelos para su implementación en la empresa como un marco conceptual gracias al cual poder diseñar metodologías para identificar y evaluar tanto el impacto corporativo sobre su entorno económico, social y ambiental, como las acciones tendentes a reforzar o, en su caso, corregir, reducir o minimizar dicho impacto.
UNIVERSIDADES PIONERAS EN LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL DE ADMINISTRADORES DE EMPRESAS EN COLOMBIA
Authors: PÉREZ GÓMEZ CARLOS HERNÁN
Published: December 2017

La formación de administradores de empresas en Colombia fue liderada por universidades que comprendieron la necesidad de formar profesionales para la conducción de las empresas de los diversos sectores de la economía. La enseñanza partió de cursos para directivos y se llegó a consolidar hasta construir planes de estudio estructurados para una formación de carácter profesional; el proceso se materializó a mediados de la década de 1960. Estos planes de estudios fueron organizados por áreas del conocimiento en términos administrativos, para contribuir en la formación gerencial de las áreas funcionales de las empresas en los términos del autor Henri Fayol. Los orígenes de la carrera se encuentran estrechamente relacionados con la formación de abogados y economistas, para quienes fueron diseñados los primeros estudios de administración en Colombia.
MOMENTOS DE AFIANZAMIENTO ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: CASTRO RÍOS GUIDO ANGELLO
Published: December 2017

En la vida de la organización surgen momentos que podrían denominarse como momentos de afianzamiento, los cuales son períodos en los que se logra una aproximación al cumplimiento de la visión de futuro planteada como resultado del compromiso de los agentes de la organización con una visión compartida y como la organización hace frente a su entorno variable, lo que motiva a la dirección y a los agentes a prepararse para la búsqueda de nuevos futuros anhelados o para la extinción de la organización.
THE FUTURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN KNOWLEDGE-DISPERSED COMPANIES.
Authors: Krause Martin
Published: December 2017

Corporate governance focuses its attention on the structure of the firm and the allocation of decision rights between owners and managers basically, plus other stakeholders. The field has developed extensively during the last decades inspiring reforms and practices as well as learning from them. Most of the analysis though takes into consideration the XXth Century firm, rightfully so since CG is a very practical field in the overlapping map of law, economics and finance. The firm has probably been one of the most successful institutional innovations of the last centuries. Five hundred years ago only a few of them existed, today they are pervasive. Nevertheless, we cannot expect the firm to be the same a hundred years from now as it is today. And if companies are going to be different, how will their corporate governance be affected? The present article does not expect to give an answer to such question. It only attempts to provoke debate and speculation about a possible evolution of the firm based on one single aspect of change: the increased use of dispersed knowledge. After suggesting some development and analyzing present innovations in that direction, we will open up to consideration how those potential changes may affect corporate governance. Of course, there are no specific conclusions, just a call to open our minds to future possible scenarios.
LA COMPETITIVIDAD EN LOS SECTORES MANUFACTURERO Y DE SERVICIOS. ESTUDIO DE CASO.
Authors: Zambrano Vargas Sandra Milena
Published: December 2017

La realización del presente estudio incluye la revisión teórica del tema de competitividad desde su concepto definido por varios autores, luego se estudia desde las entidades internacionales expertas en su medición como es el caso del World Economic Forum (2009), el Índice de Competitividad del Institute for Management Development (IMD) de Suiza, y el Índice de Facilidad para Hacer Negocios (Doing Business) del Banco Mundial (DB). Además se tienen en cuenta lineamientos diseñados por el CONPES que determinan planes de acción para el incremento de la competitividad de Colombia, y por último se hace una revisión de la competitividad en el departamento de Boyacá. Con esta información se aplica el cuestionario utilizado por el Foro Económico Mundial que se basa en doce pilares para analizar la competitividad de las naciones. Su validación y aplicación se realiza a una muestra de empresas manufactureras y de servicios del municipio de Sogamoso para conocer su competitividad actual y plantear estrategias de mejoramiento futuras.
Randomized control trial of low dose oral misoprostol compared with intracervical dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening
Authors: D. R. Savithri , Chennupalli Prashanthi , R. Suvarna , S. Akshatha
Published: December 2017

Background: Induction of labour is a therapeutic option when the benefits of delivery outweigh risks of continuing pregnancy. There are several agents for induction of labour to achieve better outcome of labour. Acceptable methods for induction are oxytocin infusion, dinoprostone gel, misoprostol and mechanical cervical dilators. Prostaglandins are the preferred choice in unripened cervix. Objective of this study was to compare efficacy, safety of low dose oral misoprostol compared with intracervical dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening.Methods: One hundred women with single live fetus, term gestation, cephalic presentation, reactive fetal heart pattern and Bishops score <6 were included in the study. They were randomized to receive either 6 doses of 25ug oral misoprostol every 3rd hourly or 0.5ug intracervical dinoprostone every 6th hourly for a maximum of 3 doses.Results: Bishops score improvement after 6,12,18 hours in both the groups was statistically insignificant. Induction delivery interval was11.96±5.88 for misoprostol and 10.95±4.58 in dinoprostone group with P value 0.341 which was statistically insignificant. Need for oxytocin augmentation was less (18%) in misoprostol group as compared to dinoprostone group (44%). Caesarean section rate was slightly higher in misoprostol group (26% vs 24%). Meconium stained amniotic fluid was high in misoprostol group (16%) compared to dinoprostone group (8%). Maternal complications were minimal and neonatal outcome was good in both the groups.Conclusions: Compared to dinoprostone; misoprostol is easy to store, cost effective, stable at room temperature, can be easily administered and had better patient compliance and acceptability. It was found to be a better cervical ripening agent with similar maternal and fetal safety profile.
Paisagens: práticas, memórias e narrativas
Authors: Pellini José Roberto
Published: December 2017

Resumo: antes de ser apenas um espaço neutro e cartesiano, destinado apenas

ao olhar distanciado, paisagem é uma apropriação subjetiva que envolve práticas,

memórias e narrativas, pois não existe experiência que não seja sensorial,

assim como não existe experiência que não seja mediada pela memória e

que não esteja situada em um lugar.

Palavras-chave: Paisagem. Memória. Sentidos.
Simpósio de Geoarqueologia: temas abordados e resultados
Authors: Silva Rosiclér Theodoro da , Tizuka Michelle Mayumi , López Carlos E. , Favier-Dubois Cristian M. , Kashimoto Emília Mariko , Rubin Julio Cezar Rubin de , Brochier Laercio Loiola , Barberi Maira , Rodet Maria Jacqueline , Afonso Marisa Coutinho , Cano Martha Cecilia , Santos Nicali Bleyer Ferreira dos , Kipnis Renato , Tatumi Sonia Hatsui
Published: December 2017

Resumo: o Simpósio de Geoarqueologia da VI TAAS, coordenado por Rosiclér

Theodoro da Silva e Michelle Mayumi Tizuka contou com a apresentação

de nove trabalhos de pesquisadores do Brasil, Argentina e Colômbia. Este

artigo trata de uma síntese dos temas abordados incluídos em: arqueologia e

eventos climáticos, arqueologia e regiões costeiras, arqueologia da paisagem,

arqueoestratigrafia, geoarqueologia de sistemas fluviais, arqueologia e vulcanismo.

Seu objetivo principal é divulgar os resultados do simpósio e fortalecer

a abordagem geoarqueológica nas pesquisas arqueológicas tanto em território

nacional como no exterior.

Palavras-chave: Geoarqueologia. Teoria Arqueológica. América do Sul.
A Construção do Patrimônio Arqueológico em Serranópolis, Goiás
Authors: Nogueira Ricardo Augusto Silva
Published: December 2017

Dissertação (Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História) - PUC Goiás, Goiânia, 2013.

Orientadora: Dra. Deusa Maria Rodrigues Boaventura

Defesa: março 2013.
A Preservação do Patrimônio Arqueológico: a interseção com o meio ambiente e a identidade cultural
Authors: Netto Carlos Xavier de Azevedo
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta algumas considerações sobre a relação entre o patrimônio arqueológico e a sua preservação diante dos estudos ambientais dos grandes projetos. Para tanto, serão observados a regulamentação dos estudos sobre o patrimônio arqueológico, a dimensão que assume diante das agências regulatórias e o papel dos instrumentos legais que instituíram a inclusão das ações preservacionistas. Por meio das ações de educação patrimonial, reconhece-se o vínculo entre o patrimônio arqueológico e a sociedade, por meio de mecanismos de memória e do eferenciamento de identidade, papel social da Arqueologia.
A Presença dos Aranãs nos Registros Históricos
Authors: Mattos Izabel Missagia de
Published: December 2017

o artigo envolve dois blocos distintos de problemáticas referentes

à  história indígena em Minas Gerais. A primeira diz respeito à s

especificidades assumidas pela experiência dos aranãs, relativamente aos demais grupos filiados, como eles, à  família lingüístico-cultural Botocudo ou Borum (termo utilizado na língua materna para autodesignação e que significa gente). A segunda, ao modo como um grupo familiar, reconhecido regionalmente como índios genéricos, tem, recentemente, apropriado-se desta história, auferindo um novo sentido étnico e valorizador de sua memória social.
Análise Palinológica: fundamentos e perspectivas na pesquisa arqueológica
Authors: Lima-Ribeiro Matheus de Souza , Barberi Maira
Published: December 2017

Estudos sobre análise palinológica aplicada à  Arqueologia buscam compreender as ocupações humanas pré-históricas, detectando distúrbios na vegetação nativa causados pela ação antrópica. Embora escassos no Brasil, trabalhos de palinologia constituem uma ferramenta importante, constatando a presença do pólen de vegetais cultivados e a evolução da paisagem, auxiliando na caracterização dos processos espaciais e temporais relacionados à s culturas pré- históricas.
O Patrimônio Cultural e seus Usos: a dimensão urbana
Authors: Arantes Antonio A.
Published: December 2017

O artigo refere-se ao aumento do interesse dos cientistas sociais pelo patrimônio e pelas políticas concernentes. Trata especificamente da noção de sustentabilidade econômica e socioambiental da preservação e da necessidade de sua aplicação ao patrimônio ambiental urbano.
Patrimônio Cultural e Gestão das Cidades: uma análise da lei do ICMS cultural de Minas Gerais
Authors: Botelho Tarcísio R.
Published: December 2017

O Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais (IEPHA/MG) é o órgão estadual responsável pelas políticas regionais de proteção ao patrimônio cultural. Discute-se nesse trabalho como esse órgão estadual tem trabalhado com as noções de excepcionalidade e de autenticidade no seu relacionamento com os municípios que se candidatam a receber os recursos do chamado ICMS Cultural. Como hipótese, trabalho com a perspectiva de que há a imposição de categorias já prontas, formuladas pelos técnicos do órgão estadual, que se assumem como detentores do capital simbólico necessário à  formulação e à  leitura do que seja o patrimônio cultural e sua forma de geri-lo.
Totemismo Revisitado: perguntas distintas, distintas abordagens
Authors: Zanini Maria Catarina Chitolina
Published: December 2017

Este artigo objetiva efetuar uma revisão bibliográfica das teorias sobre o totemismo, encontradas em alguns autores clássicos. Entre elas estão a teoria evolucionista presente na obra de Durkheim e Freud, a ritualista presente na obra de Radcliffe-Brown e a estruturalista presente na obra de Levi-Strauss.
Abastecimiento y Explotación de Materias Primas en el Arroyo Tapaque (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: Barros María P. , Messineo Pable G.
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho apresenta as análises efetuadas sobre os materiais líticos provenientes dos sítios Núcleo Central 1 e Cerro Três Lomas 1, situados no setor norte-ocidental do sistema de montanha de Tandilla (Argentina). Examinam-se as estratégias de exploração realizadas nos setores de abastecimento, descrevem-se as formas de transferência e como foram empregadas as matérias-primas nos sítios situados na microrregião de estudo.
Organización Tecnológica en el Proceso de Poblamiento del Extremo Sur de Sudamérica
Authors: àlvarez Myrian , Rodino Ivan Briz I.
Published: December 2017

A extremidade da região sul-americana foi povoada há 7.000 anos por sociedades concentradas na gestão do litoral marítimo. Com este trabalho, tentamos comprovar que é possível aportar a análise das estratégias de produção e consumo de materiais líticos à  análise da povoação da área, avaliando a existência de redes de circulação de conhecimento e de materiais entre os grupos da região.
Variabilidade Tecnológica em Sistema de Debitagem sítios lito-cerâmicos do Vale do Rio Manso (MT)
Authors: Viana Sibeli A.
Published: December 2017

Resumo: esta pesquisa analisa o sistema de debitagem utilizado para a exploração de núcleos presentes em dez sítios lito-cerâmicos do Vale do Rio Manso (MT). Esses sítios apresentam diferentes datações - de 340 +-50 AP a 2.230 +- 40 AP. A análise desse material lítico se baseia na caracterização evolutiva dos sistemas de debitagem, com identificação das diferentes concepções de produção de suporte dos instrumentos lascados.
Demographical Aspects of the Great Migration, the American Case
Authors: Gómez José Carlos Soler
Published: December 2017

O homem moderno habita todas as regiões do planeta há pelo menos 13 milênios. De acordo com o modelo Out to Africa, o homem levou um máximo de 87.000 anos para concluir este processo e o fez sem misturar-se aos outros descendentes do erectus. Não obstante, a evolução demográfica das sociedades

humanas durante o Pleistocene pode contradizer esta hipótese.
Quelle Prehistoire Pour le Brésil?
Authors: Binant Pascale
Published: December 2017

A antigüidade da presença humana no continente americano alimenta debates passionais. O tema é sensível no Brasil, onde as datações de 40.000 anos são, atualmente, as mais antigas no continente. Essa especificidade da pré-história americana parece, assim, transcender os fatos arqueológicos: de qual pré-história está se tratando?
Estrutura Social e Empreendedorismo Religioso: uma associação teórica
Authors: Corrêa Victor Silva , Vale Glaucia Maria Vasconcellos
Published: December 2017

Conquanto a temática sobre redes sociais tenha atraído, nas últimas décadas, crescente atenção da academia, uma de suas possíveis vertentes, a associada ao acoplamento e desacoplamento das estruturas relacionais, em particular, não tem, até o momento, recebido o impulso necessário por parte da academia. Este trabalho, de natureza essencialmente teórica, insere-se justamente neste contexto. Para isso, apropria das proposições de Granovetter sobre vinculação social de empreendedores étnicos, e associa-as às reflexões de Weber sobre atividades empresariais derivadas de motivações religiosas. Propõe, deste cotejo, abordagem teórica inédita aos conceitos de acoplamento e desacoplamento sociais. Ela pode ser considerada eventualmente capaz de ampliar a atual compreensão de certas dimensões relativas ao empreendedorismo religioso presente no país.
Анализ качества предпринимательской среды для развития российских быстрорастущих технологических фирм
Authors: Драгунова Евгения Валерьевна
Published: December 2017

В данной статье анализируется, насколько благоприятна предпринимательская среда для российских технологических предприятий, определяются основные триггеры и барьеры их роста. Для оценки возможностей динамичного предпринимательства проведён анализ динамики индекса глобального предпринимательства и развития и индекса готовности стран к сетевому обществу и дана их сравнительная оценка по странам БРИКС.
Анализ инструментов продвижения в сфере дополнительного онлайн образования
Authors: Цой Марина Евгеньевна , Иванова Анна Андреевна , Нагайцев Алексей Леонидович
Published: December 2017

В статье исследованы особенности маркетингового продвижения продукта в сегменте дополнительного онлайн-образования, рассмотрен процесс выведения на рынок инновационного проекта в сфере дополнительного онлайн-образования, проведена оценка эффективности различных каналов продвижения. Авторами описаны выбранная стратегия и инструменты, апробированные на реальном онлайн-проекте «Предел Мышления» в образовательном сегменте российского рынка. Особое внимание уделено современному рынку дополнительного онлайн-образования: сформированы существующие стратегии продвижения онлайн-проектов в сфере дополнительного образования, а также рассмотрены маркетинговые инструменты, обеспечивающие выход продукта на рынок и привлечение аудитории. Материал, изложенный в статье, будет интересен российским и зарубежным предпринимателям, специалистам в области дополнительного образования, а также специалистам, занимающимся вопросами продвижения инновационных проектов в сфере образования.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de universitários da área da saúde
Authors: Barros Mariana Jordino de , Borsari Cristina Mendes Gigliotti , Fernandes Antonio de Olival , Silva Alexandre , Filoni Eduardo
Published: December 2017

A vida universitária propicia ao indivíduo o encontro de um ambiente favorável para desenvolver e aprimorar valores relacionados à sua futura vida profissional e pessoal. Assim, por meio da busca do conhecimento científico, deve encontrar condições para potencializar o desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico e do seu papel enquanto cidadão, essenciais para a formação do profissional da área da saúde e de seu compromisso com a sociedade. Objetivou-se identificar as características inerentes à qualidade de vida em estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Biomedicina, Enfermagem, Farmácia e Fisioterapia. Trata-se de estudo transversal foi realizado, com 320 acadêmicos de enfermagem, farmácia, biomedicina e fisioterapia de uma Universidade particular do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado uma entrevista estruturada com dados sociodemográficos e o questionário genérico sobre qualidade de vida da OMS, WHOQOL-BREF. Os resultados demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significativa na piora da qualidade de vida entre os ingressantes e concluintes dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde nos domínios psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. Os estudantes do período noturno apresentaram prejuízo em sua Qualidade de Vida, devido à rotina de trabalho e estudo.

Evaluation of quality of life in college students of the health area

Abstract: University life provides individuals with a favorable environment to develop and improve values related to their future professional and personal lives. Thus, through the search for scientific knowledge, it must find conditions to enhance the development of critical thinking and its role as a citizen, essential for the training of the health professional and his commitment to society. The objective of the research was to identify and analyze the inherent quality of life characteristics of undergraduate students in Biomedicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 320 nursing academics, pharmacy, biomedicine and physiotherapy from a private university in the State of São Paulo. We used a semi-structured interview with sociodemographic data and the WHOQOL-BREF generic questionnaire on quality of life. The results showed a statistically significant difference in the quality of life worsening among the students and graduates of the undergraduate courses of the health area in the psychological, social relations and environment domains. The students of the night period presented impairment in their Quality of Life, due to the routine of work and study.
EXPERIENCE OF NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVE COMPOSITION BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURED FLUORAPATITIS APPLICATION IN TREATMENT OF EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF TOOTH WEAR
Authors: Легких Александр , Legkih Aleksandr , Мандра Юлия , Mandra Yuliya
Published: December 2017

Subject. The article presents an investigation of the dental status of patients with early manifestations of tooth wear. The effectiveness of applying a new pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorine hydroxyapatite as a remineralizing agent in the form of a gel in comparison with traditional methods was evaluated. Objectives. To study the effectiveness of a new pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorhydroxyapatite application in the treatment of early manifestations of tooth wear. Methods. 153 patients were examined at the stages of remineralizing therapy with using a new pharmacologically active composition and traditional methods, indexed OHI-S, PMA, KPU, periodontal index, indicators of electrometry, test of enamel resistance, quality of life. Results. Within 1 year of observations in the study groups, in 91.2% cases, a persistent remission of the disease without progression of the loss of hard dental tissues was observed against the background of a decrease in the electrometry and test of enamel resistance test. 56.4% of patients throughout the year noted the absence of a symptom of hyperesthesia. The recurrence of the symptom of hyperesthesia against a background of fixed indices of resistance and electrical conductivity of enamel was noted by 34.8% of patients. In 8,8% of cases there was a lack of dynamics of indices and reduction of hyperesthesia. Conclusions. The level of caries-resistance and electrical conductivity of enamel of the teeth of patients of two groups was studied: with facets of erasability within the enamel and with dotted dentin damage against the background of the course of remineralizing therapy with using pharmacologically active composition of nanostructured fluorine hydroxyapatite. The relationship between the reduction of the symptom of hyperesthesia and the increase in the level of dental health of patients after the end of treatment was revealed.
EXPERT CASE STUDY OF TYUMEN REGION DENTAL DISEASE RATE IS THE BASIS FOR REGIONAL PROGRAMM PRIMARY PREVENTION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Нагаева Марина , Nagaeva Marina , Куман Ольга , Kuman Ol'ga , Лебедев Сергей , Lebedev Sergey , Ронь Галина , Ron' Galina
Published: December 2017

Subject matter Russian Federation national program “Health Development” realizing at the present time involves the following direction “Primary prevention of dental disorder among Russian Federation population”. To achieve desired targeted indicators there is need in regional program development for preventing disease among Tyumen region population based on scientifically grounded data on the regional characteristics basis. Objectives Development of research and information basis for creating a regional program of primary prevention of dental disorder of Tyumen region population. Methodology. In accordance with the dental status registration charts (WHO, 2013) the assessment of Tyumen region dental disorders was made by questionnaire survey method. It includes a range of factors influencing its occurring such as region sick rate according to Medical center for information and analysis; presence of phenotypic manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, drinking water fluoride content; eating behavior factor, hygienic education. Statistical processing of data was made by using Vortex 10.7.3 software. Results. Teeth caries intensity of study group was high and at some cases it differed from the targeted indicators of Russian Federation healthcare development program. Caries intensity of 12-year-old children from Tyumen and Tyumen region was 2,51; from North region 4,41; from South region 2,4 (target indicator equals 2,3). Caries intensity of an adult person aged from 35 to 44 years old from central and north regions was about 15,52 (target indicator equals 14,4). The periodontium progression symptoms of 15-year-old adolescents were found at 3 sextants at average (targeted indicator is 5 sextants with healthy periodontium). There was also found high incidence of intercurrent diseases and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia syndrome, low drinking water fluoridation, low level of hygienic education. Conclusions The regional program plan of primary prevention of Tyumen population dental disorder was developed according to the case studies data.
PATHOLOGY OF WISDOM TEETH AS THE REASON OF APPEALABILITY OF THE MILITARY PERSONNEL BEHIND THE MEDICAL CARE
Authors: ИОРДАНИШВИЛИ Андрей , IORDANIShVILI Andrey , Коровин Никита , Korovin Nikita , Веретенко Евгения , Veretenko Evgeniya
Published: December 2017

In work, on the basis of the analysis of primary medical documentation and the analysis of 8180 addresses of the military personnel at the call of and to the contract at the age of 18 – 55 years in stomatologic offices of military units and a dental out-patient department, and also 4498 case histories of unit of maxillofacial surgery and an odontology of the military-medical organization the frequency and structure of diseases of wisdom teeth at planned or urgent appealability is studied. It is established that diseases of wisdom teeth and pathology of their eruption are one of the main reasons for appealability of the military personnel to the dentist as in an army link (2,5-8,5% of cases), and in a dental out-patient department (4,4-5,25% of cases). In the conditions of unit of maxillofacial surgery and an odontology of a versatile hospital at the military personnel diseases of

wisdom teeth make from 2,2% and 5,3%, at the same time at them pathology of the lower wisdom teeth meets more often (from 17,6% to 16,2% of cases), at the same time the vast majority of the servicemen are hospitalized according to urgent indications in connection with pathology of a teething of wisdom or an exacerbation chronic periapical or the parodontal of the centers of a dontogenous infection.
Aprendizaje como proceso transformador: una experiencia de proyección a la comunidad
Authors: Alvarado Cantero Lucía
Published: December 2017

El docente de español como lengua extranjera o segunda, tiene la oportunidad –y la obligación– de comprometerse con su propio aprendizaje, el de sus estudiantes y con la sociedad en procura de convertir la experiencia pedagógica en un proceso que busque no solo logros a nivel académico, sino transformación personal mediante la exposición a situaciones, textos y personas que permitan sensibilizar a los estudiantes y los impulsen a ser agentes de cambio. La investigación que dio origen a este artículo parte de la noción de docente como intelectual transformador (Dewey, 1977; Freire, 2012 y 2015; Giroux, 1988; Grundy, 1987; Kumaravadivelu, 2003) y de los principios del Aprendizaje Servicio (ApS) y el Aprendizaje Basado en la Comunidad (ABC) (Bringle y Hatcher, 1996; Puig, 2015; Mooney y Edwards, 2001; Rodríguez, 2014; Naval, García, Puig y Santos, 2011; Barreneche y Ramos-Flores, 2013; Ebacher, 2013; Escofet, Folgueiras, Luna y Palou, 2016). El trabajo midió la percepción de 66 estudiantes de ELE en relación con dos variables: mejora de sus habilidades en español y sensibilización hacia poblaciones vulnerables, después de tomar un curso en el que el 20% de las horas lectivas se dedicó a diseñar y ejecutar proyectos con comunidades. Los resultados obtenidos son satisfactorios y permiten plantear retos para la enseñanza de lenguas y la educación en general.
Las leyendas en las clases de español como lengua extranjera: una propuesta a partir del enfoque por tareas
Authors: Dias Laurido Eliana , Da Silva Menezes Nathália Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Este artículo presenta una propuesta didáctico-pedagógica para desarrollar actividades con baseen la literatura de la frontera entre Brasil y Venezuela, específicamente leyendas, mediante elenfoque por tareas para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (LE) en la carrerade Licenciatura en Letras -Español y Literatura Hispánica- del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Roraima (IFRR), en Brasil. La propuesta planteada se origina de una inquietud de los profesores de español/LE de desarrollar un aprendizaje significativo y eficaz, la cual pretende que los estudiantes sean capaces de ejecutar actividades para ampliar el conocimiento de las destrezas de la lengua meta. El aporte metodológico del artículo consiste en una investigación cualitativa, bajo orientaciones de la investigación-acción con criterios observacionales y narrativos. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan que el enfoque por tareas puede facilitar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes, así como propiciar un aprendizaje más autónomo. Otra conclusión observada fue que el uso de las leyendas en clases de español despierta el interés, la participación y la creatividad de los estudiantes, de modo que proporciona un ambiente favorable para el desarrollo de la enseñanza y para el aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera.
Empresas Gacela en Costa Rica: Un estudio exploratorio de identificación y caracterización. Gazelles firms in Costa Rica: an exploratory study of identification and characterization.
Authors: Monge González Ricardo , Leiva Juan Carlos , Torres Carballo Federico , Alfaro Ureña Alonso , Morales Sandoval Cristina , Solano Gómez Ángela
Published: December 2017

Resumen 

El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar a las empresas de crecimiento acelerado, gacelas, en Costa Rica. Para identificarlas se aplicaron los siguientes criterios de crecimiento: empleo, ventas, producción y productividad. La caracterización se efectuó por su tamaño y ubicación geográfica. La información para el análisis provino de la base de datos de las cuentas nacionales del Banco Central de Costa Rica para el período 2005-2012. El resultado más sobresaliente fue comprobar mediante evidencia empírica que, de acuerdo con la variable que se utilice cambia el resultado de las empresas gacela. En concreto, la producción y productividad fueron las variables más relevantes para caracterizar este tipo de empresas. Asimismo, se halló que la mayoría de gacelas fueron empresas grandes y no hubo alguna concentración relevante a partir de su ubicación geográfica. El artículo cierra con recomendaciones de política pública.

 

Abstract 

The purpose of this paper was to identify and to characterize high growth firms –gazelles- in Costa Rica. The identification was achieved by the following measures: employment, sales, production and productivity. The characterization was carried out by its size and geographical location. The information emanated from the Central Bank of Costa Rica national accounts for the period 2005-2012. The most outstanding result was to verify by means of empirical evidence that, according to the variable used, the results change. In particular, production and productivity were the most relevant variables in order to characterize this type of firm. Likewise, it was found that the majority of gazelles were large companies and there was no concentration by geographical location. The article closes with public policy recommendations
Perspective: Cardiovascular Disease among Young African American Males
Authors: Bruce Marino A. , Wilder Tanganyika , Norris Keith C. , Beech Bettina M. , Griffith Derek M. , Thorpe, Jr. Roland J.
Published: December 2017

Ethn Dis.2017;27(4):363-366; doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.363.
Inequalities in Hypertension and Diabetes in Canada: Intersections between Racial Identity, Gender, and Income
Authors: Gagné Thierry , Veenstra Gerry
Published: December 2017

A growing body of research from the United States informed by intersectionality theory indicates that racial identity, gender, and income are often entwined with one another as determinants of health in unexpectedly complex ways. Research of this kind from Canada is scarce, however. Using data pooled from ten cycles (2001- 2013) of the Canadian Community Health Survey, we regressed hypertension (HT) and diabetes (DM) on income in subsamples of Black women (n = 3,506), White women (n = 336,341), Black men (n = 2,806) and White men (n = 271,260). An increase of one decile in income was associated with lower odds of hypertension and diabetes among White men (ORHT = .98, 95% CI (.97, .99); ORDM = .93, 95% CI (.92, .94)) and White women (ORHT = .95, 95% CI (.95, .96); ORDM = .90, 95% CI (.89, .91)). In contrast, an increase of one decile in income was not associated with either health outcome among Black men (ORHT = .99, 95% CI (.92, 1.06); ORDM = .99, 95% CI (.91, 1.08)) and strongly associated with both outcomes among Black women (ORHT = .86, 95% CI (.80, .92); ORDM = .83, 95% CI (.75, .92)). Our findings highlight the complexity of the unequal distribution of hypertension and diabetes, which includes inordinately high risks of both outcomes for poor Black women and an absence of associations between income and both outcomes for Black men in Canada. These results suggest that an intersectionality framework can contribute to uncovering health inequalities in Canada.

Ethn Dis.2017;27(4):371-378; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.371. 
Increasing Physical Activity in Black Women: Results from a Randomized Trial Conducted in Faith-Based Settings
Authors: Whitt-Glover Melicia C. , Goldmon Moses V. , Gizlice Ziya , Sillice Marie , Hornbuckle Lyndsey , Heil Daniel P.
Published: December 2017

Objective: The Learning and Developing Individual Exercise Skills (L.A.D.I.E.S.) for a Better Life study compared a faith-integrated (FI) and a secular (SEC) intervention for increasing physical activity with a self-guided (SG) control group among African American women. 

Design/Setting/Participants: L.A.D.I.E.S. was a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Churches (n=31) were randomized and women within each church (n=12 – 15) received the same intervention. 

Interventions: FI and SEC participants received 24 group-based sessions, delivered over 10 months. SG participants received printed materials to review independently for 10 months. Participants were followed for 12-months post-intervention to assess long-term intervention impact. 

Main Outcome Measures: Data on participant characteristics, physical activity, and intervention-related constructs were collected at baseline, 10 months, and 22 months. 

Results: Intervention session attendance was greater for FI compared with SEC participants (15.7 + 5.7 vs 12.4 + 7.3 sessions, respectively, P<.01). After 10 months, FI and SEC participants significantly increased daily walking (+1,451 and +1,107 steps/ day, respectively) compared with SG participants (-128 steps/day). Increases were maintained after 22 months in the FI group compared with the SG group (+1092 vs. +336 daily steps, P<.01). Between-group changes in accelerometer-assessed physical activity were not statistically significant at any time point. 

Conclusions: The FI intervention is a feasible strategy for short- and long-term increases in physical activity among African American women. Additional dissemination and evaluation of the strategy could be useful for reducing chronic disease in this high-risk population.

Ethn Dis.2017;27(4):411- 420; doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.411. 
Commentary: De-implementation Science: A Virtuous Cycle of Ceasing and Desisting Low-Value Care Before Implementing New High Value Care
Authors: Davidson Karina W. , Ye Siqin , Mensah George A.
Published: December 2017

Implementation science has traditionally focused on increasing the delivery of evidence-based care. The science of systematically stopping low-value and wasteful care is substantially under-recognized, and if successful, may decrease the workload of clinicians. De-implementation science identifies problem areas of low-value and wasteful practice, carries out rigorous scientific examination of the factors that initiate and maintain such behaviors, and then employs evidence-based interventions to cease these practices. In this commentary, we describe how this approach for de-implementation might require a different set of health systems supports, economic and non-economic levers, and behavior change techniques that can lead to a virtuous cycle, ie, a complex chain of events that positively reinforce themselves through a feedback loop of removing low-value care to make room for high quality care.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(4):463-468; doi:10.18865/ ed.27.4.463. 
Nihilisme identitaire dans Lord of the Flies de William Golding et A Slight Ache de Harold Pinter
Authors: Gning Maurice
Published: December 2017

Two works of the mid-twentieth-century British literature form the corpus of this study, namely Lord of the Flies (1954) by the English William Golding and A Slight Ache (1961) by his contemporary and compatriot Harold Pinter. Based on the issue of nihilism as defined by Nietzsche and on the poststructuralist theory of the death of the subject, it aims to analyze how the two postmodern writers, Golding and Pinter, stress the emptiness of the human identity resulting from the collapse of the Western culture. The analysis shows that, in order to reveal this identity vacuity, the two authors make use of strategies at first sight different, but that prove to be basically similar. This identity emptiness is beforehand expressed by the emptiness of the fiction space, the isolation of characters and the justified absence of traditional points of reference that could constitute the base of the societies they attempt to form. The predictable collapse of these societies discloses the strange face of the individual behind it, and unveils the kingdom of nothingness foregrounded, in both works, by the image of darkness and chaos.
La Perception Du Risque Routier. Le Cas De La Conduite Des Conducteurs Professionnels De Transport En Commun A Abidjan
Authors: Roger Tieffi Hassan Guy , Bruno Kanga Kouakou , Narcisse Achi Essétchi
Published: December 2017

This study examines the perception of the risk of accidents related to the driving activity of the Public Transport Professional Drivers (CPTC) in Abidjan. 186 CPTC of Abidjan, whose age varies between 18 and 50 years, and who holds a different driving license are investigated. Their perception of risk is measured from a questionnaire consisting of 37 items on a 5-point scale. The results indicate that there are as many CPTCs that perceive the least risk of driving-related accidents as those who perceive it the most. They also show that the age and duration of driving licenses influence the perception of the risk of CPTC accidents.
Agroturismo Como Modelo De Negocio Para Dinamizar La Economía Familiar De Pequeños Agricultores De Alausí Y Cumandá De La Provincia De Chimborazo
Authors: Guadalupe Carla Sofía Arguello , Espinoza Armando Esteban Espinoza , Salazar Marcelo Eduardo Sánchez , Silva William Patricio Cevallos , Calle Carmen Cecilia Mejía , Quezada Myriam Isabel Piray , Carrera Carla Jakeline Buestan
Published: December 2017

This research work is a proposal of a model for an inclusive Agritourism business which has been created in order to invigorate the family economy of marginal farmers in Cumanda and Alausi – towns in the Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. Once the tourist potential in the zone, the one which is linked to the farming production systems, was evaluated, an agritourism product was designed for each one of the towns mentioned, and finally, the model Canvas was applied to the proposal. The research combines field, analytic, and participative methods along with techniques such as the interview and the survey. In order to evaluate the tourist potential in the zone, the MINTUR (2004) tourist attractions inventory methodology was applied. These attractions would later be validated in a participative way along with the community with whom the tourist route would also be created. All this is summarized through the business model proposed by Canvas. Thirty- three economically relevant-for-the-population farming products were identified. A tourist route was developed, and it integrated the production systems which have a hierarchy II and III. Moreover, the private and communitarian tourist plant was also designed. The business model proposes the creation of an economically solidary enterprise as a strategy for sustainable development
The Influence of Newspaper Ownership on the Objectivity of the Coverage of Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Election
Authors: Mordi Frederick , Ogbu Silk Ugwu
Published: December 2017

This paper examines the impact of politician-businessperson-owned (PBO) newspapers on the objectivity of the reportage of the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria, by some selected media organisations. Adopting analysis of documentary evidence as methodology, the study examines the dominant themes of some PBO newspapers during their coverage of the election. This was done with a view to establishing their level of objectivity, which is defined in terms of whether these media organisations gave equitable coverage to all the 26 political parties and their candidates; and their level of compliance with professional ethics. Using gatekeeping theory as main theoretical framework, the paper finds that media owners, and not the editors, appear to be the gatekeepers. The paper recommends proper regulation of media organisations in the country to ensure that they meet stipulated ethical standards.
Relación entre conocimientos, saberes y valores: un afán por legitimar los saberes más allá de las ciencias
Authors: Zuluaga Duque John Fredy
Published: December 2017

Este artículo muestra como los distintos tipos de conocimiento científico y tecnológico se relacionan con los diferentes tipos de saberes; sean estos del sentido común, la doxa legítima, los saberes ancestrales, los humanísticos, los artísticos, entre otros. Además, analiza la relación existente entre los conocimientos, los saberes y los valores. Esta investigación propone una ciencia y un saber con conciencia. También, propone una epistemología incluyente que muestre como los conocimientos y los saberes no se excluyen entre sí, sino que se complementan. Un gran número de saberes aunque exceden el control experimental y el poder predictivo y explicativo de las ciencias y de las tecnologías, resulta ser fundamental para dar sentido a la existencia humana y para comprender la realidad.