bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxaline derivatives and related compounds against colon cancer
Authors: Gomaa M. S. , Ahmed Abdulghany H. A. , El Rayes S. M. , Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Fathalla Walid , Alturki Mansour S. , Al Khzem Abdulaziz Hassan , Almalki Atiah H. , Aldawsari Mohammed F. , Pottoo F. H. , Khan Firdos A. , Amir Mohd
Published: November 2024

The impact of compound 7j on colon cancer cells (HCT-116). Fig. (A) shows the control cells Fig. (B) shows the treatment cells. The arrows show chromatin condensation, nuclear augmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies.
Synthesis of ethylphenols and xanthenes via reaction of calcium carbide and phenol: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Liu Xin , Yan Yuxin , Liu Zhenyu , Liu Qingya
Published: November 2024

A novel synthesis of xanthenes and ethylphenols by the reaction of phenol with CaC2 without catalysts and solvents.
Flexible laser-induced graphene-based electrodes modified with cobalt-manganese hexacyanoferrate as cathode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Khairullina Evgeniia , Levshakova Alexandra , Fatkullin Maxim , Tenevich Maxim , Shmalko Alexandr , Panov Maxim , Manshina Alina , Lobinsky Artem , Rodriguez Raul D. , Kaneva Maria
Published: November 2024

This study presents a synergistic combination of laser-assisted polymer carbonization and ion deposition techniques to fabricate flexible electrode materials with outstanding electrochemical activity for energy storage applications.
Advanced nanocatalytic strategies for pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass towards green-like processing
Authors: Guo Rui , Long Huan , Su Erzheng , Cao Fuliang , Wang Jiahong
Published: November 2024

The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass to hydrolysis presents formidable challenges in biorefining and conversion, primarily due to the structural heterogeneity of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose.
Reversible pH-responsive supramolecular aggregates from viologen based amphiphiles – a molecular design perspective
Authors: Narendran Redhills L. , Patnaik Archita
Published: November 2024

We report on how the aromatic substituents on the viologens impact the pH-responsive aggregation/dissolution behavior of their complexes with anionic dyes, polyelectrolytes, and surfactants in water.
A dynamical system approach to relaxation in glass-forming liquids
Authors: Douglas Jack F. , Yuan Qi-Lu , Zhang Jiarui , Zhang Hao , Xu Wen-Sheng
Published: November 2024

We adapt a dynamical system approach to the practical matter of estimating relaxation times in both cooled liquids and crystals at elevated temperatures, which we identify as weakly non-integrable dynamical systems.
Solvent-free confinement of ordered microparticle monolayers: effect of host substrate and pattern symmetry
Authors: Jimidar Ignaas S. M. , de Waard Mitch T. J. , Roozendaal Gijs , Sotthewes Kai
Published: November 2024

We report a solvent-free assembly method where microspheres align on fluorocarbon patterns without rigid boundaries, creating tunable crystal patterns. Our findings highlight the impact of tribocharging and substrate elasticity on particle ordering.
Highly transparent ternary bulk-heterojunctions for semi-transparent organic photovoltaics
Authors: Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Mostovyi Andrii I. , Schopp Nora , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Brus Viktor V.
Published: November 2024

Organic ternary bulk-heterojunctions achieve a record average visible transmittance (AVT) with the inclusion of the wide bandgap organic semiconductor PTAA, elevating AVT of PCE10 : PTAA : COTIC-4F to 81%.
Unravelling the structure–luminescence relationship in two dimensional antimony(iii)-doped cadmium(ii) halide hybrids
Authors: Kudlu Ashwath , Sarma Dhritismita , Kumar Das Deep , Shamla Alisha Basheer , Bakthavatsalam Rangarajan , Hathwar Venkatesha R. , Mahata Arup , Kundu Janardan
Published: November 2024

Luminescent zero dimensional (0D) antimony halide (Sb–X) hybrids showcase emissive properties (emission peak position; photoluminescence quantum yield – PLQY) that are strongly dependent on the local metal halide geometry/site asymmetry.
Study on the time-resolved detection performance of β-Ga2O3-based SBUV photodetectors: surface chemical analysis and the impacts of non-VO factors
Authors: Li Zeming , Shen Rensheng , Li Wancheng , Jiao Teng , Chang Yuchun , Liang Hongwei , Xia Xiaochuan , Zhang Baolin
Published: November 2024

The sub-intense component in the XPS O 1s spectra of β-Ga2O3 is not associated with oxygen vacancies, the intrinsic indirect bandgap and the surface traps contribute to the extension of the response and recovery times of β-Ga2O3-based PDs.
Construction of oxygen-rich vacancy Bi3O4Br:Yb3+,Er3+ nanosheets for enhanced photoreversible color switching and upconversion luminescence
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Ma Junhao , Zha Jindan , Huang Kuisui , Chai Chenghui , Yin Zhaoyi , Song Zhiguo , Qiu Jianbei , Li Yongjin
Published: November 2024

Bi3O4Br:Yb3+,Er3+ (BYE-OV) nanosheets generate more oxygen vacancies under UV irradiation, causing the color to change from light yellow to brown-black. At the same time, the generated intermediate energy levels enhance upconversion luminescence.
Design, synthesis, and optoelectronic properties of benzothiadiazole-fused sulfur and nitrogen-containing polycyclic heteroaromatics
Authors: Yin Yuxin , Shi Rui , Liu Zhongwei , Li Yanru , Jiang Ting , Zhao Lingxu , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Li Liqiang , Fei Zhuping
Published: November 2024

New benzothiadiazole-fused donor–acceptor structured heteroaromatics were designed and synthesized. The BzPTT-C4C8-based OFETs exhibit the highest hole mobility (up to 0.24 cm2 V−1 s−1) and the best photo-detection characteristics.
Correction: Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate
Authors: McNamara Conall , O’Shea Ailís , Rao Prajwal , Ure Andrew , Ayarde-Henríquez Leandro , Ghaani Mohammad Reza , Ross Andrew , Dooley Stephen
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate’ by Conall McNamara et al., Energy Adv., 2024, 3, 1439–1458, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00043A.
Resilient and robust control strategy against deception attacks in the platoon of vehicles
Authors: Mokari Hassan , Firouzmand Elnaz , Sharifi Iman , Doustmohammadi Ali
Published: November 2024

A platoon must ensure the security of conducting missions due to the susceptibility of the vehicles to cyber‐attacks. The deception attack is a common type of cyber‐attack that might be introduced during data exchange through communication channels. Therefore, it can divert each vehicle by injecting uncertainty into the communication link between the agents in the cyber domain. This paper employs a leader–follower consensus system as a reference model to control the platoon vehicles. Accordingly, each agent in the reference model sends its information as a reference trajectory to its corresponding vehicle within the platoon. The vehicles are equipped with a robust local controller, enabling them to follow their desired trajectory in the presence of external disturbances. Furthermore, each vehicle employs an unknown input observer to detect a deception attack while decoupling it from external disturbances. Moreover, by introducing a switching strategy based on mode‐dependent average dwell time to the leader–follower consensus system, a novel resilient control strategy against the deception attack is implemented in the cyber domain. The resultant resilient leader–follower consensus system in the platoon retrieves and restores the attacked vehicle in the platoon to its associated states. The applicability of the proposed method is shown via simulation.
Global feature fusion generative adversarial network for underwater image enhancement
Authors: Liu Chunyou , Qi Ping , Tang Zhibin
Published: November 2024

Most CNN‐based networks treat features in different channels and pixels similarly. However, the dispersion of light underwater results in uneven haze distribution throughout the images. To alleviate these problems, the global feature fusion generative adversarial network is proposed, to separate and enhance the global feature by channels and pixels simultaneously. The key novelty of our method is utilizing the attention mechanism to emphasize features in different channels and pixels in fusion block, which allocates higher weights to more important features. The network's reliability is further optimized through the incorporation of condition information to restrict the training of the network. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations verify that the proposed method is capable of greater visual quality compared with other classic and state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Studies on effective solar photovoltaic integration in distribution network with a blend of Monte Carlo simulation and artificial hummingbird algorithm
Authors: Barutcu Ibrahim Cagri , Sharma Gulshan , Çelik Emre , Bokoro Pitshou N.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the two level stochastic optimisation approach has been suggested. In the lower level, the probability distribution functions (pdfs) for bus voltages and branch currents have been determined using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to be employed in chance‐constrained probabilistic optimisation by taking into account solar radiation and power consumption uncertainties in the distribution networks (DNs). In the upper level, artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) handles the expected power loss minimisation subjected to chance constraints, which are related to bus voltages and branch currents, by optimising photovoltaic (PV) system capacities. This research examines the effect of uncertainties in PV system performing under diverse solar radiation and varying PV penetration level scenarios on expected power losses with stochastic DN limits. The stochastic optimisation approach has been compared with the deterministic method for observing the efficiency with optimal power usage. This research improves the knowledge base for optimal PV installation in DN by combining AHA with MCS and emphasising chance‐constrained methods. To indicate the efficacy of proposed strategy, the optimisation outcomes are tested utilising MCS under various uncertainty circumstances and DN parameters are assessed in terms of probabilities of exceeding limitations. The results are compared with the application of firefly algorithm (FA) using stochastic assessment and simulations. The simulation results show that the AHA technique outperforms the FA method in terms of effectively minimising power losses with less simulation time.
Enhancing power transformer health assessment through dimensional reduction and ensemble approaches in Dissolved Gas Analysis
Authors: Hechifa Abdelmoumene , Dutta Saurabh , Lakehal Abdelaziz , Illias Hazlee Azil , Nanfak Arnaud , Labiod Chouaib
Published: November 2024

Transformer health analysis using Dissolved Gas Analysis is crucial for diagnosing power transformer faults. This paper proposes an innovative approach to diagnose power transformer faults by integrating machine learning algorithms with Ensemble techniques. The method involves fusing reduced dimensional input features through Principal Component Analysis with Ensemble techniques such as Bagging, Decorate, and Boosting. Various machine learning algorithms, including Decision Tree (DT), K‐Nearest Neighbours, Radial Basis Function Network, and Support Vector Machine, are employed in conjunction with Ensemble techniques. The long short‐term memory algorithm was used to create synthetic data to solve the issue of data imbalance. A dataset of 683 samples is used in the study for training, testing, validation, and comparison with current techniques. The results highlight the effectiveness of Ensemble techniques, particularly Boosting, which demonstrates superior performance across all classification algorithms. The Boosting with DT algorithm achieves an impressive accuracy of 98.32%, surpassing alternative methods. In validation, the proposed Boosting Ensemble technique outperforms various approaches, showcasing its diagnostic accuracy and superiority over alternative methods. The research emphasises the model's effectiveness in smoothing input vectors, enhancing harmony with ensemble techniques, and overcoming limitations in prior methods.
Prograde and retrograde stars in nuclear cluster mergers
Authors: Mastrobuono-Battisti A. , Amaro Seoane P. , Fullana i Alfonso M. J. , Omarov C. , Yurin D. , Makukov M. , Omarova G. , Ogiya G.
Published: November 2024

Context. Nuclear star cluster (NSC) mergers, involving the fusion of dense stellar clusters near the centres of galaxies, play a pivotal role in shaping galactic structures. The distribution of stellar orbits has significant effects on the formation and characteristics of extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs).

Aims. In this study, we address the orbital distribution of stars in merging NSCs and the subsequent effects on supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) evolution.

Methods. We ran dedicated direct-summation N-body simulations with different initial conditions to do a detailed study of the resulting NSC after their progenitors had merged.

Results. Our findings reveal that prograde stars form a flattened structure, while retrograde stars have a more spherical distribution. The axial ratios of the prograde component vary based on the presence and mass ratio of the SMBHs. The fraction of prograde and retrograde stars depends on the merger orbital properties and the SMBH mass ratio. The interactions of retrograde stars with the SMBHB affect the eccentricity and separation evolution of the binary. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the angular momentum and eccentricity of the SMBH binary. This relationship could serve as a means to infer information about the stellar dynamics surrounding the binary. We find that prograde orbits are particularly close to the binary of SMBHs, a promising fact regarding EMRI production. Moreover, prograde and retrograde stars have different kinematic structures, with the prograde stars typically rotating faster than the retrograde ones. The line-of-sight velocity and velocity dispersion, as well as the velocity anisotropy of each NSC, depend on the initial merger orbital properties and SMBH mass ratios. The prograde and retrograde stars always show different behaviours.

Conclusions. The distribution of stellar orbits and the dynamical properties of each kinematic population can potentially be used as a way to tell the properties of the parent nuclei apart, and has an important impact on expected rates of EMRIs, which will be detected by future gravitational wave observatories such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
Population of giant planets around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey
Authors: Delorme P. , Chomez A. , Squicciarini V. , Janson M. , Flasseur O. , Schib O. , Gratton R. , Lagrange A.-M. , Langlois M. , Mayer L. , Helled R. , Reffert S. , Kiefer F. , Biller B. , Chauvin G. , Fontanive C. , Henning Th. , Kenworthy M. , Marleau G.-D. , Mesa D. , Meyer M. R. , Mordasini C. , Ringqvist S. C. , Samland M. , Vigan A. , Viswanath G.
Published: November 2024

Context. Exoplanets form from circumstellar protoplanetary disks whose fundamental properties (notably their extent, composition, mass, temperature, and lifetime) depend on the host star properties, such as their mass and luminosity. B stars are among the most massive stars and their protoplanetary disks test extreme conditions for exoplanet formation.

Aims. This paper investigates the frequency of giant planet companions around young B stars (median age of 16 Myr) in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association, the closest association containing a large population of B stars.

Methods. We systematically searched for massive exoplanets with the high-contrast direct imaging instrument SPHERE using the data from the BEAST survey, which targets a homogeneous sample of young B stars from the wide Sco-Cen association. We derived accurate detection limits in the case of non-detections.

Results. We found evidence in previous papers for two substellar companions around 42 stars. The masses of these companions are straddling the ~13 Jupiter mass deuterium burning limit, but their mass ratio with respect to their host star is close to that of Jupiter. We derived a frequency of such massive planetary-mass companions around B stars of 11−5+7%, accounting for the survey sensitivity.

Conclusions. The discoveries of substellar companions b Centaurib and μ2 Sco B happened after only a few stars in the survey had been observed, raising the possibility that massive Jovian planets might be common around B stars. However, our statistical analysis shows that the occurrence rate of such planets is similar around B stars and around solar-type stars of a similar age, while B-star companions exhibit low mass ratios and a larger semi-major axis.
KMT-2024-BLG-1044L: A sub-Uranus microlensing planet around a host at the star–brown dwarf mass boundary
Authors: Han Cheongho , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Lee Chung-Uk , Gould Andrew , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Shvartzvald Yossi , Shin In-Gu , Yee Jennifer C. , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Kim Doeon , Kim Dong-Jin , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W.
Published: November 2024

Aims. We analysed microlensing data to uncover the nature of the anomaly that appeared near the peak of the short-timescale microlensing event KMT-2024-BLG-1044. Despite the anomaly’s brief duration of less than a day, it was densely observed through high-cadence monitoring conducted by the KMTNet survey.

Methods. Detailed modelling of the light curve confirmed the planetary origin of the anomaly and revealed two possible solutions, due to an inner–outer degeneracy. The two solutions provide different measured planet parameters: (s, q)inner = [1.0883 ± 0.0027, (3.125 ± 0.248) × 10−4] for the inner solutions and (s, q)outer = [1.0327 ± 0.0054, (3.350 ± 0.316) × 10−4] for the outer solutions.

Results. Using Bayesian analysis with constraints provided by the short event timescale (tE ~ 9.1 day) and the small angular Einstein radius (θE ~ 0.16 mas for the inner solution and ~ 0.10 mas for the outer solutio), we determined that the lens is a planetary system consisting of a host near the boundary between a star and a brown dwarf and a planet with a mass lower than that of Uranus. The discovery of the planetary system highlights the crucial role of the microlensing technique in detecting planets that orbit substellar brown dwarfs or very low-mass stars.
Improving accuracy in parametric reduced-order models for classical guitars through data-driven discrepancy modeling
Authors: Cillo Pierfrancesco , Brauchler Alexander , Gonzalez Sebastian , Ziegler Pascal , Antonacci Fabio , Sarti Augusto , Eberhard Peter
Published: November 2024

Recently developed high-fidelity finite element (FE) models represent a state-of-the-art approach for gaining a deeper understanding of the vibrational behavior of musical instruments. They can also be used as virtual prototypes. However, certain analyses, such as optimization or parameter identification, necessitate numerous model evaluations, resulting in long computation times when utilizing the FE model. Projection-based parametric model order reduction (PMOR) proves to be a powerful tool for enhancing the computational efficiency of FE models while retaining parameter dependencies. Despite their advantages, projection-based methods often require complete system matrices, which may have limited accessibility. Consequently, a systematic discrepancy is introduced in the reduced-order model compared to the original model. This contribution introduces a discrepancy modeling method designed to approximate the parameter-dependent effect of a radiating boundary condition in an FE model of a classical guitar that cannot be exported from the commercial FE software Abaqus. To achieve this, a projection-based reduced-order model is augmented by a data-driven model that captures the error in the approximation of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. Artificial neural networks account for the data-driven discrepancy models. This methodology offers significant computational savings and improved accuracy, making it highly suitable for far-reaching parametric studies and iterative processes. The combination of PMOR and neural networks demonstrate greater accuracy than using either approach alone.

This paper extends our prior research presented in the proceedings of Forum Acusticum 2023, offering a more comprehensive examination and additional insights.
Advances in Nanomaterials: Types, Synthesis, and Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Rozhdestvenskiy Oleg Igorevich , Lalitha Yaragudipati Sri , Ikram Mohsin , Gupta Mridula , Jain Alok , Verma Raman , Sood Sumita
Published: November 2024

By virtue of their unique properties at the nanoscale, nanomaterials have revolutionized the field of material science. The current work provides a thorough analysis of nanomaterials, classifying them into three main categories: nanoparticles, nanosolids, and nanoassembled systems. Further analysis of the classes is conducted based on their morphologies, chemical composition, and structural variety, which include carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. Moreover, the synthesis and manufacturing techniques of nanomaterials are analyzed, with a particular focus on physical and chemical approaches. The methods highlighted for their ability to produce nanomaterials with a broad variety of applications include gas evaporation, vacuum condensation, sputtering, yeast-cell-based synthesis, and sol-gel processing. The major aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive guide on the classification, properties, and production techniques of nanomaterials, thereby enhancing comprehension of their importance in many scientific and practical domains.
Application of cisplatin and other platinum-containing drugs in cancer therapy: Comprehensive review
Authors: A.S Arul Prishya , Chopra Lalita , Manikanika  , Bose Diotima , Chauhan Ashish Singh , Alhadrawi Merwa , Chauhan Abhineet , Kumar Dharminder
Published: November 2024

A well-known chemotherapy medication is a cisplatin, also referred to as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum or cisplatinum(II). Cancers such as bone metastases, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and carcinomas can all be treated with it. Its mode has been takenpertaining to its capability to cross-link with purine biological branches, obstructing DNA repair processes, generating DNA damage, and, as a result, cancerous cells undergo apoptosis. Nevertheless, due to drug resistance and a number of unfavorable side effects, including severe kidney problems, allergic reactions, lowered immunity to infections, gastrointestinal problems and others, have also been used. For overcoming drug resistance and reducing adverse effects, cisplatin- based combination therapies with other pharmaceuticals have also garnered considerable investigation. This in-depth analysis looks at the isotopes of the properties cisplatin and associated platinum-based drugs, as well as how they can be is employed to treat a range of health maligancies. Particular focus is placed on its unfavorable side effects and molecular mechanisms of action. The current paper provides a pharmacological assessment of the drug, outlining its clinical applications, toxic effects, and mechanisms of resistance. The ability of cisplatin to form DNA adducts by crosslinking with urine bases on DNA has been connected to its mode of action. As a result, cancer cells experience apoptosis, which stops DNA damage from being repaired. The drug does, however, display certainly improved DNA damage repair, decreased drug accusation inside cells, and cisplatin deactivation in the cytosol are all signs of resistance. The drug also has some negative adverse consequences, including vomiting, kidney damage, cardiotoxicity, liver toxicity, and neurodegeneration.
A review on the effects of nano-additives in alternative fuel for CI engines, on performance and emission characteristics
Authors: Tamilselvan S. , Prakash N. , Boopathy S. , Krishnaveni R. , Singh Rajesh , Kumar Raman
Published: November 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions led to the exploration of alternative fuel strategies for CI engines. Among these strategies, the combination of nano-additives into conventional and alternative fuels gained substantial attention due to their potential to enhance engine performances and decrease emissions. This review critically examined the effects of various nano-additives, such as Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CNTs, and TiO₂ etc, on CI engine performance. The incorporation of nano-additives into diesel, biodiesel, and other alternative fuels showed improvements in combustion efficiency and power output. This paper highlighted the mechanisms by which nano-additives enhance fuel properties, such as improving cetane number, viscosity, density and flash point etc . While the use of nano-additives shows promise in optimizing performance and reducing emissions, further research is required to measure long-term environmental and economic impacts. This review provided a comprehensive evaluation of current findings and identifies future research directions for developing cleaner and more efficient CI engine technologies by using nano-additive-enhance the alternative fuels.
Measuring of Surface Roughness of Al-6061 Alloy by CNC Milling by using of Taguchi Method
Authors: Chakraborty Subham , Singh Bikramjeet , Singh Jasgurpreet , Shnain A.H. , Sharma Ankusha
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the critical importance of surface roughness measurement in CNC milling processes, particularly when working with Al- 6061 alloy. It highlights the challenges being faced by existing methodologies while assessing surface roughness accurately and it also emphasizes the need for a more systematic approach. Leveraging the Taguchi Method, the study aims to optimize surface roughness measurement parameters to improve machining outcomes. The novelty of the research lies in its application of the Taguchi Method to develop a projecting model specifically for optimizing roughness of surface of Al-6061 alloy in CNC Milling. By analyzing the factors influencing surface roughness and their interactions, the study aims to provide insights that can enhance machining accuracy and efficiency. The anticipated benefits of this research to the machining community include offering a more efficient and accurate approach to surface roughness measurement, thereby improving machining quality and productivity. The paper serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners looking to enhance their understanding and practices in the context of Al-6061 alloy machining. It’s noted that several factors, such as speed of the spindle,Cutting depth, cutting depth, geometry of the tool, and material stuffs, influence the final roughness of surface. In this Taguchi Method that implemented to address the challenge of finding optimized conditions for the best surface finish by identifying the optimal grouping of variable parameters.Overall, the paper presents a promising methodology to improving roughness of surface measurement in the CNC milling processes, particularly for Al-6061 alloy, and offers potential insights that could benefit the machining industry.Aluminum is one of the most widely used metals in the construction of airplanes, trucks, spaceships etc. where high strength and light weight are required. Aluminum is used here for the observation.
Effect of quenching temperature on microstructure and properties of multivariate high chromium cast iron
Authors: Siyang Li , Xiaole Cheng , Hanguang Fu
Published: November 2024

The effects of different quenching temperatures on the microstructure and properties of 3.3C-20.0Cr-1.0W-0.5B-2.0V-1.8Mo (wt.%) high-chromium cast iron were investigated using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, Rockwell hardness tester, microhardness tester, and wear testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast multivariate high chromium cast iron mainly consists of eutectic carbides (M7C3), austenite and martensite matrix. In the process of quenching temperature increasing from 950 °C to 1150 °C, the morphology of massive eutectic carbide (M7C3) did not change. Acicular eutectic carbide (M7C3) appeared to aggregate and grow, and was distributed in the form of blocks or rods. Secondary carbides (M23C6) were precipitated in the matrix. The matrix is transformed from austenite to martensite, with a small amount of residual austenite. The hardness and wear resistance firstly increased and then decreased. The hardness of the 1100 °C × 1 h + fog-cooled high-chromium cast iron reaches a peak of 67.0 HRC, and the abrasion resistance increases by 37.0% compared with that of the 950 °C × 1 h + fog-cooled specimen.
Les mémoires phénoménologiques peuvent promouvoir la conservation de la nature
Authors: Juillard Laura , Prévot Anne-Caroline , Duboz Priscilla , Macia Enguerran
Published: November 2024

L’oubli des conditions environnementales passées constitue un problème sérieux conduisant à accepter une perte de biodiversité par manque de connaissances. Alors que ce problème est bien connu, peu d’articles étudient le rôle de la mémoire de l’environnement passé dans la conservation. Dans cet article, nous montrons à travers une approche interdisciplinaire comment les humains peuvent s’emparer de leur mémoire phénoménologique pour se reconnecter avec la nature. Ainsi, en étudiant son fonctionnement et les facteurs qui l’influencent, nous montrons qu’elle joue un rôle dans les représentations et les connaissances concernant l’environnement. La mémoire phénoménologique permettrait ainsi de connaître les conditions environnementales passées et favoriserait la prise de conscience de la crise actuelle. Face à ce constat, nous argumentons pour une complémentarité entre les données institutionnalisées et la mémoire phénoménologique pour faire face aux enjeux actuels de conservation.
Financial Conditions and Corporate Governances on Sustainability Report Disclosure
Authors: Rahmawati Evi , Nugroho Mochammad Aditya , Kholid Arif Wahyu Nur
Published: November 2024

Sustainability reporting is necessary for a company to disclose because it is a form of accountability in supporting its sustainable goals. Thus, this study aims to determine the financial condition factor and Good Corporate Governance on Sustainability Report Disclosure controlled by the COVID-19 pandemic. The population of this study is companies from Indonesia that were finalists of the Asia Sustainability Reporting Awards (ASRA) 2022 and published annual reports and sustainability reports in 2018-2022. The sample selection in this study employed purposive sampling to acquire a sample based on preset criteria. This study is classified as quantitative research, specifically utilizing secondary data. This study employs balanced panel regression to analyze the data. The study used the Common Effect Model (CEM) as the estimation model. This research reveals that liquidity, firm size, and the COVID-19 pandemic positively affect sustainability report disclosure. On the other hand, profitability, board of commissioners, and the audit committee do not affect sustainability report disclosure.
Proximal femoral nailing for unstable trochanteric fractures: lateral decubitus position or traction table? A case-control study of 96 patients
Authors: Abulsoud Mohamed I. , Ibrahim Mohamed A.A. , Mohammed Ahmed Saied , Elmarghany Mohammed , Gaber Usama , Elsherbiny Elsherbiny Ali , Nematallah Samir A. , Mohamed Mohamed Amer , Elhalawany Mohamed F. , Hasanien Yahia A. , Abonnour Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures with short proximal femoral nailing in elderly patients in the lateral decubitus position versus the supine position on traction tables. Methods: From June 2020 to January 2022, a prospective case-control study was performed on 96 patients who presented with unstable trochanteric fractures treated by internal fixation via short proximal femoral nail (PFN). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A, which included patients who underwent surgery in the lateral position; and Group B, which included those in the supine position. Both groups were subjected to follow-up for 12 months. Results: The mean setup time, surgery time, and blood loss were significantly greater in Group B than in Group A, while the hospital stay and fluoroscopy duration were similar in both groups. Regarding reduction quality and fixation (TAD (tip-apex distance), CDA (collodiaphyseal angle), and Reduction CRQC (change reduction quality criterion)), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups; moreover, there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in either group or the Harris hip score (67.65 ± 17.06 in Group A vs. 67.15 ± 17.05 in Group B). Conclusion: The lateral decubitus and supine positions on a traction table are suitable for proximal femoral nailing with comparable outcomes, and surgeons can use either position according to their preferences and resources.
Die Zeit nach der Intensivstation
Authors: Nydahl Peter , Boehnke Désirée , Denke Claudia , Hoffmann Magdalena , Jeitziner Marie-Madlen , Krampe Henning , Teigeler Brigitte , Sim Chu-Won , Spies Claudia , Renner Caroline
Published: November 2024

Durch umfangreiche Therapie und Pflege auf Intensivstationen kann das Leben vieler kritisch kranker Menschen gerettet werden. Für die meisten Überlebenden beginnt danach eine jahrelange Rehabilitation, da kritische Erkrankungen und intensivmedizinische Behandlungen zu physischen, kognitiven, psychischen und sozialen Beeinträchtigungen führen können, bekannt als Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrom. Bestimmte Frührehabilitationsmaßnahmen auf der Intensivstation können die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen und ihrer Familien nachhaltig verbessern.
Update zur ESC-Leitlinie Kardioonkologie
Authors: Romann Sebastian Welf , Frey Norbert , Lehmann Lorenz
Published: November 2024

WAS IST NEU?

Die kardioonkologische Leitlinie, veröffentlicht in Zusammenarbeit mit der EHA (Europäische Gesellschaft für Hämatologie), der ESTRO (Europäische Gesellschaft für therapeutische Radiologie und Onkologie) und der ESC (Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie), bietet 272 Empfehlungen zur Risikostratifizierung vor Therapiebeginn, zum Monitoring während der Therapie und zur Behandlung therapieassoziierter kardiovaskulärer Nebenwirkungen.

Risikostratifizierung Bei allen onkologischen Patienten soll vor Beginn einer neuen Systemtherapie eine Risiko-Einordnung durchgeführt werden. Anhand dieser staffelt sich die Empfehlung zur weiteren kardiologischen Betreuung während der Chemotherapie.

Individualisierte Strategien In einzelnen Bereichen, bspw. bei Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren oder zur möglichen protektiven Wirkung von Statinen bei Anthrazyklin-Therapie, gibt es neuere Daten, die noch nicht in der Guideline berücksichtigt werden konnten.

Protektion und Behandlung toxischer Nebenwirkungen Generell sollte bei moderater oder schwerer Kardiotoxizität eine Unterbrechung oder ein Abbruch der Therapie erwogen werden. Gegebenenfalls kann die Hinzunahme eines ACE-Blockers, Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blockers oder eines Betablockers erwogen werden.

Echokardiografische Parameter Die Leitlinie empfiehlt die Parameter LVEF und GLS, doch muss eine Therapieentscheidung, basierend auf dem GLS allein, nach aktueller Datenlage abgelehnt werden.

Praktische Umsetzung Die Leitlinie betont die Bedeutung interdisziplinärer Betreuung zwischen Onkologen und Kardiologen.

Wie geht es weiter in der Kardioonkologie? Eine weitere Individualisierung der kardioonkologischen Therapie ist wünschenswert und sollte das Ziel sein. KI-gestützte Systeme sollten weiterentwickelt und etabliert werden.
Retrospective Evaluation of C-reactive Protein for Ruling Out Infection After Cesarean Section
Authors: Enengl Sabine , Oppelt Peter , Mayer Richard Bernhard , Brandlmayr Elisabeth , Trautner Philip Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Infection after cesarean section is a major contributor to maternal morbidity. Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a laboratory test frequently conducted to rule out or confirm postoperative infection. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CRP is a suitable tool for ruling out infection after cesarean section and whether there are any reliable cut-off values.

2056 patients with cesarean section (CS) over a 3-year period were included in a retrospective analysis. Outcome parameters and risk factors for postoperative infection were collected. CRP values from preoperative and postoperative tests were compared. Cut-offs for ruling out infection were assessed.

Among 2056 CSs, postoperative infection occurred in 78 cases (3.8%). The prevalence of infection in emergency CS was lowest, at four out of 134 (2.9%), and the highest prevalence was seen in secondary CS, at 42 of 903 (4.6%; p = 0.35). CRP values in the infection group were significantly higher (preoperative, 1.01 mg/dl vs. 0.62 mg/dl; day 1 postoperative, 7.91 mg/dl vs. 6.44 mg/dl; day 4 postoperative, 8.44 mg/dl vs. 4.09 mg/dl; p = 0.01). A suitable cut-off value for ruling out infection was not identified.

Although CRP values were significantly higher in the infection group, the clinical relevance of this appears to be negligible. CRP testing does not appear to be a reliable tool for diagnosing or ruling out postoperative infection.
Large Language Modelle zur schnellen Vereinfachung der Eingabe von Qualitätssicherungsdaten: Performance-Test mit Echtdaten am Beispiel der Tumordokumentation in der Urologie
Authors: Frank Johannes , Merseburger Axel S. , Landmesser Johannes , Brozat-Essen Silvia , Schramm Peter , Freimann Laura , Kleehaus Alexander , Elsner Christian
Published: November 2024

Einleitung Large Language Modelle (LLMs) wie ChatGPT haben innerhalb kürzester Zeit die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz in die breite Anwendung gebracht. Neben vielen verschiedenen Use-Cases der Textgenerierung und Verarbeitung ist eine Anwendung die Extraktion von Daten aus vorhandenen Dokumenten und Gesprächen zur vereinfachten und automatisierten Befüllung von Formularen.

Zielsetzung Gerade im Bereich der Qualitätssicherung und Dokumentation von Tumorerkrankungen fällt aktuell ein hoher Arbeitsaufwand an, Daten unter verschiedenen Aspekten in leicht variierenden Formaten und unter Anwendung von Interpretationen wie z.B. der TNM-Klassifikation von Tumoren zu übertragen. Zur Beurteilung der Anwendbarkeit von LLMs unterstützen Prozessen in diesem Bereich fehlen jedoch Feldversuche mit Echtdaten, die eine Beurteilung der Effizienz und Praktikabilität ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit soll einen Performance-Test dazu umsetzen und beurteilen.

Methodik Es wurde ein Performance-Test mit N=153 datenschutztechnisch und durch eine Ethikkommission zu dem Zweck freigegebenen Arztbriefen von 25 Patienten vorgenommen. Mit der öffentlich verfügbaren Version von ChatGPT 4.0 wurden dazu mit einem automatisierten Programmskript die Aufgaben der Extraktion eines Erstdiagnosedatums sowie gängiger Tumorklassifikationen vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse wurden dann einzeln auf Richtigkeit geprüft. Daran wurde dann der Nutzen eines Systems zum geführten Support bei Aufgaben im Kontext der Tumordokumentation indikativ beurteilt. Weiterhin wurde das Vorgehen auch im Kontext von Betriebskosten sowie potenzieller Hürden bis zur Anwendbarkeit beurteilt.

Ergebnisse In Summe kommt die Arbeit zum Schluss, dass der Einsatz generativer KI in diesem Feld vielversprechend ist und bereits im untrainierten Zustand als Hilfe tauglich ist. In einer simplifizierten Kalkulation stehen Kosten von 35 Cent einer Wertschöpfung von 61,54 Euro gegenüber. Es wird jedoch auch klar, dass die KI nur unterstützend tätig sein kann und die richtige Einbettung mit vorgefertigten spezifischen natürlichsprachigen Abfragen (=Prompts) und Werkzeugen in den Arbeitsablauf entscheidend für die Performance ist.

Schlussfolgerung Der Einsatz von generativer KI im Kontext von Such-, Übertragungs- und Interpretationsarbeiten bei der Erstellung einer Tumordokumentation ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Die Umsetzung muss jedoch in praktischer Anwendung eng begleitet werden und das beste Zusammenspiel zwischen Mensch und Maschine weiter evaluiert und mit spezifischen Werkzeugen begleitet werden.
Behandlungs- oder Hotelqualität – was bestimmt stärker
Reha-Zufriedenheit und subjektiven Behandlungserfolg in der Psychosomatischen
Rehabilitation?*
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Nübling Rüdiger , Kaiser Udo , Kupferschmitt Alexa Alica , Köllner Volker
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Reha-Zufriedenheit und Behandlungserfolg sind im
Qualitätssicherungsprogramm der Deutschen Rentenversicherung als
Qualitätskriterien für die medizinische Rehabilitation fest verankert. Im
Bereich der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation gibt es bislang kaum Arbeiten, in
denen der relative Stellenwert von Behandlungsvariablen und von Hotel- und
Serviceleistungen für die Vorhersagbarkeit dieser Kriterien überprüft wurde.

Methodik In einer Sekundäranalyse wurden anonyme Befragungsdaten aus 25
psychosomatischen Kliniken/Fachabteilungen analysiert. Die Stichprobe umfasst
etwa 50 000 stationäre Rehabilitand*innen der Jahre 2018–2022. Die Befragungen
fanden zum Zweck der internen Qualitätssicherung mit einem weitgehend
einheitlichen Fragebogen statt. Regressionsanalytisch überprüft wurde, in
welchem Maße die beiden Ergebniskriterien aus 14 Prädiktoren (Bewertungen von
Teilleistungsbereichen) und aus einem heuristischen Modell mit drei
Variablenblöcken (KV=Kontrollvariablen, RB=Reha-Behandlung, HL=Hotelleistungen)
vorhergesagt werden können.

Ergebnisse Alle 14 Prädiktoren korrelieren signifikant mit beiden
Kriterien und können etwa 67% (Kriterium Reha-Zufriedenheit) bzw. 40% (Kriterium
Behandlungserfolg) erklären. In schrittweisen Regressionen tragen die
Prädiktoren „Psychotherapeutische Betreuung“ und „Nachsorgevorbereitung“ am
meisten zur Vorhersage der Kriterien bei. Hierarchische Regressionen zeigen,
dass der inkrementelle Anteil des RB-Blocks an der Vorhersage beider Kriterien,
also derjenige Anteil, der mit Sicherheit den Reha-Behandlungsvariablen
zugeschrieben werden kann, um ein Vielfaches größer ist als derjenige der
Hotelleistungen.

Diskussion Die Daten weisen darauf hin, dass eine als hochwertig erlebte
psychotherapeutische Betreuung und eine gute Nachsorgevorbereitung bezüglich der
selbstberichteten Reha-Zufriedenheit und dem subjektiven Behandlungserfolg am
wichtigsten sind. Die hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen stützen frühere
Befunde, dass Merkmale der eigentlichen rehabilitativen Versorgung für die
Rehabilitand*innen hinsichtlich beider Ergebniskriterien eine wesentlich größere
Rolle spielen als Hotel- und Serviceleistungen. Es spricht einiges dafür, dass
diese Befundlage auch für die psychosomatische Krankenhausbehandlung gültig
ist.
Essenziell, umfassend und immer wichtiger
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: November 2024

Auf einem ExpertInnen-Workshop der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie (AGSMO) wurde das Update der S3-Leitlinie „Supportive Therapie bei onkologischen PatientInnen“ vorgestellt. Der Umfang von rund 1000 Seiten dokumentiert die wachsende Bedeutung der Supportivtherapie in der Versorgung onkologischer Patient*innen, stellten die Koordinatorinnen Prof. Karin Jordan, Heidelberg und Prof. Petra Feyer, Potsdam, fest. Beteiligt waren 57 Fachgesellschaften, Arbeitsgemeinschaften und Organisationen. Bereits ein Überblick über alle Erweiterung aller bestehenden Kapitel und neu aufgenommenen Themen hätte den Workshop gesprengt. Die Leitlinienmacher*innen konzentrierten sich daher auf die Vorstellung einiger neuer Highlights.
Congenital Colorectal Conditions: Caregiver Perspectives of Their Experience in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Melkonian Vatche , Bischoff Andrea , Torre Luis De La , Ketzer Jill , Matkins Kristina , Judd-Glossy Laura
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the experiences of children with colorectal conditions who spent time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and their caregivers.

Study Design In March 2024, a 36-question survey was sent to the Colorectal Support Network Facebook community, to gather information from caregivers of children who have a congenital colorectal diagnosis and spent time in the NICU.

Results Fifty-two families completed the survey. Most patients were diagnosed after birth (89.47%). Approximately half of respondents stayed in the NICU for 1 to 2 weeks (50.88%), lived less than 60 minutes away from the hospital (54.91%), and felt somewhat uncomfortable (28.07%) or very uncomfortable (21.05%) caring for their child's medical needs after discharge. Also, 49.12% of caregivers were informed of their child's future bowel control prognosis. When asked for suggestions to improve care in the NICU, common themes included the importance of having colorectal congenital anomalies addressed by colorectal surgeons and the need for families to be informed about support groups.

Conclusion Counseling families in the NICU with congenital colorectal conditions can be improved by providing additional information and support for families prior to discharge, informing them about their child's prognosis for bowel control and connecting them with other families.

Key Points
One-Pot, Three-Component Coupling Synthesis of [(Benzothiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)methyl]isoquinolinols under Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Hawsawi Mohammed B. , Gandhamsetty Narasimhulu , Alluhaibi Mustafa S.
Published: November 2024

A one-pot, three-component coupling procedure has been developed for the synthesis of [(benzothiazol-2-ylamino)(aryl)methyl]isoquinolinols via the reaction of hydroxyisoquinolines, aryl/heteroaryl/aliphatic aldehydes with 2-aminobenzothiazoles under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions. The developed 2′-aminobenzothiazolomethylation procedure is suitable to execute even on a gram scale and has a broad scope. The 2′-aminobenzothiazolomethylated products (Betti bases) were formed through the initial nucleophilic C-attack of hydroxyisoquinolines on aldehydes to generate the ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) as an intermediate, followed by 1,4-aza-Michael addition of 2-aminobenzothiazoles. Betti bases have significance in medicinal chemistry due to their wide range of pharmacological applications and they are useful ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis.