bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Internal Audit Quality on Financial Accountability Quality at Local Government
Authors: Zeyn Elvira
Published: December 2021

The need for local government audit is actually based on the demands of public accountability to the government by the public entity in order to realize the creation of good governance (good government governance). The role of government internal audit is an important management function in governance both at central and local government. Government internal audit quality is very important, because the internal audit quality will improve the financial accountability that will be produced reliable financial reports as a basis for decision making by the stakeholder's. There are many factors influencing financial accountability quality, including internal audit quality. Based on this background, this research has been aimed to study: (1) the effect of internal audit quality on financial accountability quality. This research uses survey method with description verification approach and type of causal research, conducted on 36 Inspectorate Local Government in West Java and Banten as the unit of analysis, while the unit of observation is a Team Audit such as, Inspector, Inspector of area, audit team leader and members of audit team. The type of data is primary data collected by a questionnaire research instruments containing ordinal scale for measurement. Validity and reliability tests have also been done on the entire collected questionnaire. Furthermore, data are converted into interval scale, then hypothesis test are done using Regression.
Capital Structure and Firm’s Profitability: Evidence From Listed Consumer Goods Sector in Nigeria
Authors: P. I. Udobi-Owoloja, , M.A. Gbajumo-Sheriff, , B. Umoru, , S.A Babatunde, , D Ilimezekhe,
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the impact of capital structure on profitability of consumer goods firms in Nigerian for a period of eight years (2011-2018). Data of ten (10) randomly selected listed firms of the Nigeria Stock Exchange were derived from the firms’ published financial reports for the period covered. The panel regression results revealed that Debt to Asset Ratio(DAR) is positively significant on Return On Asset(ROA) (Proxy for profitability),while other proxies of capital structure shows that Debt to Equity(DER), Liquidity Ratio(LIQ), are not statistically significant, Short Term Debt to Total Asset Ratio (SDTA) shows a negative connection, Firm Size (FS) has a weak correlation with profit and Long Term Debt to Total Asset Ratio (LDTA) do not influence firms’ profitability of the consumer goods sector of Nigeria economy. In conclusion, capital structure influences the profitability of consumer goods sector of Nigerian Stock Exchange. It was recommended that firms in that sector should leverage on debt financing to boost their earnings as interest payment on debt is tax deductible.
Has robotic prostatectomy determined the fall of the laparoscopic approach?
Authors: Hayes John , Vasdev Nikhil , Dasgupta Prokar
Published: December 2021

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has revolutionised the surgical management of localised prostate cancer in the modern era. The surgeon is provided with greater precision, more versatile dexterity and an immersive three-dimensional visual field. The impressive hardware facilitates, for example, the dissection of the peri-prostatic fascia, whilst preserving the neurovascular bundle, or the suturing of the vesico-urethral anastomosis. Prior to RALP, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) represented the first venture into the minimally invasive world. Associated with more cumbersome ergonomics, LRP has a significant learning curve compared with the robotic approach. There has been a paucity, until recently, of high-quality literature comparing outcomes between the two operations, including the attainment of the Pentafecta of survivorship: biochemical recurrence-free, continence, potency, no postoperative complications and negative surgical margins.
Autonomous navigation in unknown environment using sliding mode SLAM and genetic algorithm
Authors: Ortiz Salvador , Yu Wen
Published: December 2021

In this paper, sliding mode control is combined with the classical simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method. This combination can overcome the problem of bounded uncertainties in SLAM. With the help of genetic algorithm, our novel path planning method shows many advantages compared with other popular methods.
Technical vision system to ensure the movement of a group of multicopters
Authors: Bobkov Yurii , Pishchela Pavlo
Published: December 2021

The actual task of controlling a group of multicopters performing coordinated actions and are locating at short distances from each other, cannot be performed with the help of a standard on-board autopilot on GPS or GLONASS signals, which give large errors.

The solution to this problem is possible due to additional equipment that allows you to set the distance between the multicopters and their relative position. To do this, it is proposed to mark each multicopter with an image label in the form of a standard geometric figure or a geometric body of a given color and size, and to use technical vision system and image recognition algorithms.

The structure of the technical vision system for the multicopter was developed and algorithms for image processing and calculation of the change of coordinates of the neighboring multicopter, which are transmitted to the control system to introduce the necessary motion correction, were proposed.

The method to identify the reference object in the image of the scene by its color was used in this work. This method is very effective compared to other methods, because it requires only one pass per pixel, which gives a significant advantage in speed during video stream frame processing. RGB color model with a color depth of 24-bit was chosen based on the analysis. Since the lighting during the flight can change, the color is set by the limits of change of the components R, G, B.

To determine the distance between multicopters, a very simple but effective method of determination the area of the recognition object (labels on the neighboring multicopter) with next comparation it with the actual value is used. Since the reference object is artificial, its area can be specified with high accuracy.

The offset of the center of the object from the center of the frame is used to calculate the other two coordinates.

In the beginning, the specific camera instance is calibrated both for a known value of the area of the object and for its displacement along the axes relative to the center of the frame.

The technical vision system model in the Simulink software environment of the Matlab system was created to test the proposed algorithms. Based on the simulation results in Simulink, you can generate code in the C programming language for further implementation of the system in real time.

A series of studies of the model was conducted using a Logitech C210 webcam with a 0.3 megapixel photo matrix (640x480 resolution). According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the maximum relative error in determining the coordinates of the multicopter did not exceed 6.8 %.
A complementary filter consisting of a GPS-receiver and an accelerometer
Authors: Ryzhkov Lev , Ivanko Tamara
Published: December 2021

Complementary filters have become widely used to measure the angular position of moving objects in space due to their simplicity and high accuracy. If at first they were used mainly in navigation systems, now they are beginning to be widely used in navigation systems. In such complementary filters, the complementary filter most often includes a GPS receiver and an accelerometer. The problem of reducing the influence of high-frequency interference of the GPS receiver on the accuracy of the system is considered. Direct filtering of the output signal of the GPS receiver has a significant disadvantage, which is the delay of the filter of the measured signal. This is often the main obstacle of using filters. Complementary filters due to the combination of two meters make it possible to filter the signal without affecting the passage of the useful signal. This is the main advantage of complementary filters. It should also be noted that they are very simple to implement, which has led to the widespread use of complementary filters in systems for measuring the motion of objects. The paper proposes a second-order filter structure in which there is no integration of the accelerometer signal that significantly simplifies the implementation of the filter and eliminates the problem of the influence of the non-zero accelerometer signal. The presence of zero offset accelerometer and integration procedures is one of the main problems in solving navigation problems.

In the absence of an integrator, the question arises of taking into account the initial value of the output signal of the GPS receiver. This issue in the work is solved by the circuit method. In complementary filters built on the compensation scheme, this problem is solved quite simply. The article considers a simpler complementary filter, built on the filtration scheme. An algorithm for taking into account the initial conditions is proposed for such a filter structure. The influence of the structure of the transfer functions of the filter on the efficiency of its use is analyzed. It is shown that the complementary filter can significantly reduce the influence of high-frequency noise of the GPS receiver. The block diagram of the filter in the Matlab-Simulink environment and the simulation results that show the effectiveness of the proposed complementary filter structure are presented.

Such systems can be used in small moving objects like UAVs, in robotics, in the educational process.
Determination of the aerodynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor with the wingtip-mounted coaxial rotors
Authors: Povarov Sergii
Published: December 2021

The article describes the study of rotor-to-wing aerodynamic interaction for the wingtip-mounted coaxial rotors configuration of the tiltrotor aircraft.

The influence of the rotor slipstreams on lift-to-drag ratio characteristic was determined. Obtained results were compared with similar characteristics of the equivalent in thrust conventional single rotor slipstreams impact.

Using the computational aerodynamics methods (panel-vortex method) the flow around the tiltrotor model with the wingtip-mounted single and coaxial rotors has been simulated. A study of the basic model configuration with conventional single rotors, based on the technical characteristics of the AgustaWestland AW609 tiltrotor, was conducted. Further researches were conducted for a modified model where single rotors were replaced with equivalent in thrust coaxial rotors. The influence of the rotor slipstreams on the aerodynamic characteristics of the model for both directions of rotors rotation in coaxial combination is considered. Also, the dependence of the maximum lift-to-drag characteristic due to the coaxial rotor diameters change has been determined.

The results show that the coaxial rotor slipstreams-to-wing aerodynamic interaction effect is the similar to the effect of conventional single rotor, but less intensive. Comparison of the results showed that a tiltrotor equipped with wingtip-mounted single rotors has approximately 20% greater maximum lift-to-drag characteristic than one equipped with coaxial rotors with the same thrust. However, the use of coaxial rotors allows getting higher maximum speed, when conventional single rotors lose the efficiency significantly. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct further research for the possibility of using coaxial rotors for tiltrotor aircrafts.

The research results are presented in graphical form. The obtained data provides a basis for further studies of the described problem, and also will be useful for new tiltrotor design works.
Determination of meridian position by a two-step ground gyrocompass in eesthetical rotor positioning
Authors: Fedorov Volodymyr , Kikot Vladyslav , Shtefan Nataliya
Published: December 2021

Contradiction between accuracy and time of definition of a plane of a geographical meridian has significantly weakened with appearance of automatic gyrocompasses and algorithmic methods of processing of the information from them.  These methods allow us to expand the range of possible modes of gyrocompasses, including non-traditional.  The article considers an automatic two-stage ground gyro compass operating in the mode of natural stopping of the rotor after its pulse acceleration by non-electrical means (squib , compressed air, etc.).  The specified mode is attractive because it allows to identify uncontrolled harmful moment around the axis of suspension in one start and significantly reduce the measurement time.  In order to further improve the device, it is proposed to abandon the measurement of the current value of the kinetic moment, and to identify the decay coefficient of the exponential function by observing the azimuthal motion of the sensitive element of the device. Moreover, the paper shows that it is possible not to measure the initial value of the kinetic momentum, replacing the measurement with identification of this parameter by observing the same azimuthal motion of the sensitive element. In this case there is no need to have on the sensitive element any nodes associated with the transmission of power and electrical signals, the sensitive element can be made as a purely mechanical element, carrying on itself a rotating rotor.

            For all considered variants of measurement (or identification) of parameters the machine simulation was carried out, which confirmed the performance of the proposed methodology.
Імітаційна модель оцінки механізму державних закупівель з метою підвищення їх ефективності
Authors: Гальчинський Леонід Юрійович
Published: December 2021

Дана стаття присвячена імітаційному моделюванню процесу державних закупівель. Об’єктом дослідження є ринок державних закупівель України. В даній роботі була запропонована імітаційна та концептуальна модель, яка дозволить оцінювати рівень соціальних ризиків і на цій основі запропоновані обґрунтовані і прораховані схеми функціонування державних закупівель. Показано інформаційну систему та описано відповідні бізнес-процеси за допомогою яких і була реалізована імітаційна модель процесу державних закупівель.
Використання надбудови Risk Solver Platform пакету Microsoft Excel для розв’язання задачі планування виробництва комбікормів
Authors: Гриша Олена Василівна
Published: December 2021

Розглядається модифікований варіант розв’язання задачі оптимізації розрахунку кормових раціонів. Запропонована математична модель задачі розрахунку рецептів кормосумішей, яка забезпечує одночасне отримання переліку рецептів комбікормів з урахуванням наявних на складі запасів необхідних ингредієнтів.Запропоновано спосіб автоматизації розв’язання даної задачі, який дозволяє також інтегрувати отримані результати в будь-які комплексні програмні рішення. Достовірність запропонованих рішень підтвержена їх реалізацією у рамках проведених обчислювальних експериментів.
Методика розробки та візуалізації складної просторової моделі об‘єкта
Authors: Пінчук Ілля Миколайович
Published: December 2021

У даній статті розглядається методика розробки складної просторової моделі, що відображає роботу штучного інтелекту. Запропоновано алгоритм моделювання та створення анімації на основі програмного комплексу 3D Max.
Динамічні пріоритети у комутаційних вузлах телекомунікаційної мережі Формування динамічних пріоритетів у вузлах телекомунікаційної мережі
Authors: Артеменко Виктор Андреевич
Published: December 2021

У даній статті запропоновані дослідження розроблених математичних моделей системи з динамічними пріоритетами. Розглянута залежність середнього часу очікування для пакетів з вищим пріоритетом в порівнянні із стандартним протоколом, від інтенсивності. Визначена залежність середнього часу очікування від зміни значення пріоритету заявок для різних параметрів інтенсивності трафіку та різних потоків. Відображено залежності часів чекання для різних пріоритетів заявок.Таким чином, дослідження запропонованих математичних моделей телекомунікаційної системи з динамічними пріоритетами показали, зменшення середнього часу очікування обслуговування для пакетів пріоритетніших протоколів, і, зменшення різниці середніх часів очікування при збільшенні відношення коефіцієнтів вартості, що визначають пріоритети протоколів, що відповідає, фактично, зближенню кривих на графіці.
Дуальний спостерігач як компенсатор неконтрольованих збурень
Authors: Шпіт Сергій Васильович
Published: December 2021

Робота присвячена використанню дуального спостерігача в адаптивних системах автоматичного керування. В статті описується ідея реалізації дуального спостерігача, як одного із нових методів реалізації задачі визначення керуючого впливу на об’єкт керування, щоб керована величина змінювалася відповідно заданої цілі та в залежності від дії зовнішнього збурення підтримувала задану точність. В роботі наводяться структурні схеми реалізовані на лабораторному стенді та результати експериментальних досліджень перехідних процесів, для систем у випадках класичного спостерігаючого пристрою та дуального спостерігаючого пристрою. Теоретичні та експериментальні дослідження показали високу ефективність запропонованих методів при значному спрощенні їх фізичної реалізації. При цьому знімається проблема корекції параметрів, як об’єкта керування так і регулятора, а сама система керування набуває властивостей інваріантності до впливу неконтрольованих завад у широкому діапазоні.
Концептуальна модель автоматизованого управління конструкторською підготовкою виробництва електронних апаратів
Authors: Смолій Вікторія Миколаївна
Published: December 2021

Запропонована нова концепція управління конструкторською підготовкою виробництва електронних апаратів, яка спирається на єдиний інформаційний простір компоновки електронного апарату, оперативного управління конструкторською підготовкою виробництва і системи управління ресурсами підприємства та дозволяє підвищити ефективність управління конструкторською підготовкою виробництва електронних апаратів.
Моделювання і порівняльний аналіз роботи класичного і нечіткого ПІД-контролерів в автоматичних системах управління
Authors: Телишева Тамара Алексеевна
Published: December 2021

Розглянута ідентичність дій класичного ПІД-контролера, для оперативної перебудови якого використовується досвід експерта, і нечіткого ПІД-контролера, що використовує в процесі управління нечітку базу знань. На реальному прикладі   розглянуті перехідні характеристики  класичного  і нечіткого ПІД-контролерів,  зміни  значень вихідних величин АСК з їх використанням . Представлені моделі контролерів і розрахунки їх параметрів. Синтезована модель нечіткого  контролера і проаналізована його робота в АСК. Проведені дослідження підтвердили, що для замкнутих АСК з класичним ПІД - контролером можливо розрахувати такий нечіткий ПІД - контролер, який даватиме еквівалентну перехідну характеристику АСК, тобто це означає, що в даному випадку можна провести еквівалентну заміну класичного на нечіткий ПІД - контролер.
Вплив сучасних кібер-загроз на ефективність систем фізичного захисту критично важливих об’єктів та інфраструктури
Authors: Бірюков Дмитро Сергійович
Published: December 2021

В роботі розглядається питання про необхідність врахування кібер-загроз при формуванні систем фізичного захисту критично важливих об’єктів та інфраструктури.
Application of the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) Method in Analyzing Poverty in Indonesia and the Self Organizing Map (SOM) Method in Grouping Provinces Based on Factors Affecting Poverty
Authors: Islamy Ulimazzada , Novianti Afdelia , Hidayat Freditasari Purwa , Kurniawan Muhammad Hasan Sidiq
Published: December 2021

The economy is a benchmark to determine the extent of the development of a country. Indonesia, which is now a developing country, is ranked 5th as the poorest country in Southeast Asia. Of course, the government must pay attention because until now, poverty has become one of Indonesia's main problems. Ending poverty everywhere and in all its forms is goal 01 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program. One of the efforts that can be done is by planning as part of the implementation of the target, namely eliminating poverty and appropriate social protection for all levels of society so that the SDGs are achieved. Therefore, it is important to do a spatial analysis by making a model of poverty estimation in Indonesia and grouping to identify areas in Indonesia that have the highest poverty mission. The clustering method used in this grouping is Self Organizing Map (SOM). In this study, Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) analysis was used to create a predictive model. This is because poverty is very likely to have a spatial influence or be influenced by location to other areas in the vicinity. The results of the SAR model that can be formed are . Furthermore, the region with the highest mission is grouped using the Self Organizing Map (SOM) clustering based on variables that significantly affect the amount of poverty in Indonesia. From the results of the analysis obtained four clusters, each of which has its characteristics to classify 34 provinces in Indonesia. The clusters formed include cluster 1 consisting of 17 provinces, cluster 2 consisting of 9 provinces, cluster 3 consisting of 1 province, and cluster 4 consisting of 7 provinces.
Kaolin in pharmaceutical preparations: a review
Authors: Kamila Rezkia Azka
Published: December 2021

Background: Kaolin is a clay mineral with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 structure which can be found in sedimentary rocks also known as clay stones. Kaolin consists of clay materials such as quartz, illite, smectite, and hematite, with the largest constituent component being kaolinite. Kaolin is one of the most common minerals with an abundant presence in the earth's crust compared to other minerals, especially in Indonesia. In the pharmaceutical sector, this clay mineral is widely used in Indonesia. Kaolin is known to be a good adsorbent and has good physical, chemical, and surface physicochemical properties. Objective: This review article aims to provide information about the uses of kaolin in the pharmaceutical industry. Methods: This review article was written by conducting a literature search study method in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: In the pharmaceutical field, kaolin is used as an excipient in various types of medicinal preparations, one of which is as a suspension agent because of its ability to stabilize suspensions in a deflocculated state as an emulsifying agent, crushing agent, filling agent, and drug carrier. As an active substance, kaolin is widely used because it has a therapeutic activity. In the cosmetic industry, kaolin can be administered in a variety of topical dosage forms which act as skin protective agents or sunscreens. Conclusion: Based on the results of the review, it was found that kaolin, with its abundant presence on earth and its great potential in the pharmaceutical field, is used as an active medicinal substance, excipient ingredient, and in the cosmetic field as a sunscreen. Keywords: Kaolin, excipient, active pharmaceutical ingredient, cosmetics
Cultura material escolar e comércio local:
Authors: Rosa Rios Alcântara Wiara
Published: December 2021

A escola pública, obrigatória e de massas emerge no cenário das cidades demandando e movimentando um conjunto de serviços e bens tipicamente urbanos. Neste artigo, a partir de uma abordagem da cultura material e da história econômica, objetiva-se demonstrar como instituições de ensino paulistas demandaram do comércio local o suprimento de materiais necessários ao seu funcionamento burocrático, mas também ao desenvolvimento das aulas. Lançando mão de fontes como ofícios da secretaria da escola e notas de compras, entre 1894 e 1902, é possível perceber, de um lado, relações de simbiose cultural entre escola e mercado; de outro, relações econômicas e materiais da criação, do suprimento e da institucionalização da escola pública, enquanto fenômeno tipicamente urbano.
Domestic tourism, its potential to compensate the outage of international arrivals caused by COVID-19 and the vulnerability of different groups of countries (a cluster analysis)
Authors: Kv�tkov� Zuzana , Petrů Zdenka , Zíková Alžběta
Published: December 2021

Tourism is the most affected industry by the pandemic COVID-19 and will be probably also the last one to recover. International organizations UNWTO, WTTC, and others suppose that domestic tourism will play a significant role in 2020 and after. However, domestic tourism is not a universal solution for all destinations. This paper aims to identify the factors that might play a role in the domestic tourism results in 2020 and later and to which extent domestic tourism can compensate the outage of international arrivals in different countries. Two types of factors were analysed: (1) economic factors (GDP, GDP per capita, share of tourism on GDP) and (2) characteristics of tourism (domestic tourism intensity, Travel &Tourism Competitiveness Index, domestic tourism share etc). Based on the data from 2018 and 2019 from 41 countries, the cluster analysis identified six groups of countries with different potential of domestic tourism to support the survival of the tourism businesses and drive recovery in the post-pandemic period.
Reflection on COVID-19 Pandemic and Crisis Management Models in Tourism
Authors: Casal-Ribeiro Mariana
Published: December 2021

The contemporary history of tourism has been shaken by different types of crises as natural disasters, economic crises, terrorist attacks and pandemics, resulting in economic, political and social implications that impact the tourist destination, the volume and direction of tourist flows (Ritchie, 2008; Speakman and Sharpley, 2012). In early 2020, COVID-19 took the world by surprise, causing a worldwide pandemic in just a few months. The dimension of this outbreak coupled to the mobility that characterizes tourism in the 21st century, now raises a need for reflection on the arrising and control of future pandemics.  Several models of crisis management in tourism are presented in the scientific literature, however, all of generalist nature. It is urgent to examine and refine the existing crisis management models, since the models already developed have little specificity in the theme of pandemic crisis management in tourism.
Tomás Cámara, D. (Comp.) COVIDOSOFÍA. REFLEXIONES FILOSÓFICAS PARA EL MUNDO POSPANDEMIA Barcelona: Paidós, 2020, 502 pp.
Authors: Travé Molero Raúl
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro Covidosofía. Tomás Cámara, D. Barcelona: Paidós
Sustainable Building Plan-Design, Construction, Performance, and Renovation Criteria
Authors: Chan Puthearath , Khoeng Khemony , Ung Hang Kheang , Tang Teksim , Eung Kimsong , Uth Suysoklin , Meng Sovanrany , Sun Leng , Em Sereyphut , Toum Hon , Phok Oudomkitya , Sry Ratha , Mok Limdavid , Lo Rothvisal , Vat Chanmakara , Phay Sunleng , Hor Otdom , Cheath Chey Vithyea , Lim Mengheang , An Pichbormey , Sareun Mardy , Sot Sothet , Va Sievminh , Chea Yiheang , Piseth Molly Ratana
Published: December 2021

Published data or available literature on sustainable building plan-design, construction, performance, and renovation criteria have covered some stages or some parts of each stage. These data usually have been published partially in many different papers―there have not been any papers that published these data together. Hence, this paper aims to collectively review these data and publish them together. The collection and review of these data were carried out by our twenty-five team members who specialized in sustainable urban, architectural, and civil engineering and construction management. The gathered and reviewed outputs were combined and validated based on a general group consensus. This consensus decision-making proceeded through two major group meetings with several follow-up meetings. The first major meeting was to combine and improve the gathered reviewed sustainable building criteria for Cambodia. The second major meeting was to validate the improved reviewed sustainable building criteria for Cambodia. The several follow-up meetings were to discuss the relevance and importance of the validated data “criteria and their classifications and descriptions” in all stages and more focused on their importance and applicability to Cambodia. The collective reviewed data in this paper would be useful to researchers in the fields. They could also be useful collective knowledge and information for policymakers from governmental agencies and development partners, particularly for sustainable building and construction companies.
Space Bioprocess Engineering on the Horizon
Authors: Berliner Aaron , Lipsky Isaac , Ho Davian , Hilzinger Jacob , Vengerova Gretchen , Makrygiorgos George , McNulty Matthew , Yates Kevin , Averesch Nils , Cockell Charles , Wallentine Tyler , Seefeldt Lance , Criddle Craig , Nandi Somen , McDonald Karen , Menezes Amor , Arkin Adam
Published: December 2021

Reinvigorated public interest in human space exploration has led to the need to address the science and engineering challenges described by NASA's Space Technology Grand Challenges (STGCs) for expanding the human presence in space. Here we define Space Bioprocess Engineering (SBE) as a multi-disciplinary approach to design, realize, and manage a biologically-driven space mission as it relates to addressing the STGCs for advancing technologies to support the nutritional, medical, and incidental material requirements that will sustain astronauts against the harsh conditions of interplanetary transit and habitation offworld. SBE combines synthetic biology and bioprocess engineering under extreme constraints to enable and sustain a biological presence in space. Here we argue that SBE is a critical strategic area enabling long-term human space exploration; specify the metrics and methods that guide SBE technology life-cycle and development; map an approach by which SBE technologies are matured on offworld testing platforms; and suggest a means to train the next generation spacefaring workforce on the SBE advantages and capabilities. In doing so, we outline aspects of the upcoming technical and policy hurdles to support space biomanufacturing and biotechnology. We outline a perspective marriage between space-based performance metrics and the synthetic biology Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle as they relate to advancing the readiness of SBE technologies. We call for a concerted effort to ensure the timely development of SBE to support long-term crewed missions using mission plans that are currently on the horizon.
Assessment of Light Pollution in Parking Lots Using a Measuring System with a Drone
Authors: Sielachowska Magdalena , Zajkowski Maciej
Published: December 2021

This article attempts to assess the light pollution of parking lots, using the proprietary measure-ment method with a drone. The main requirements, reflective features of parking lots and typical light curves of luminaires used in lighting this type of areas were presented. Calculations and simulations for various types of luminaires were performed, and then the obtained results were verified in real conditions. The main factors influencing the increase in light pollution were pre-sented and it was proved that it is possible to use the developed measurement method in order to assess the light pollution degree.
Decrease in the Use of Parenteral Fluids in Premature Infants from 31 to 34 Weeks of Gestation at Birth
Authors: Hoyos Angela , Vasquez-Hoyos Pablo
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Some of the practices in medicine are carried out of habit without proven benefits. This is the case of premature babies from 31 to 34 weeks of gestation who are always given parenteral fluids, even though this practice has been associated with an increase incidence of infection. In 2017, we started a protocol of parenteral fluid restriction. To administer nutrition/fluids, we used oral fluids by suction if this was possible or otherwise by oral/nasogastric tube at volumes of 15-20 mL intake every 3 hours, with 5 mL increments every 12-24 hours until 200 mL/K/day was achieved, always using breast milk when possible.Material and methods: The present study sought to compare cases before and after this new policy. For this work, we review all premature babies between 31-34 weeks of gestation discharged home in two periods of time, the first from 01/01/2012 to 12/31/2017 and the second from 01/01/2018 to 08/31/2021. The number of cases with and without parenteral fluids (PF), the incidence of infection, the weight at admission and discharge, and the fall in the weight Z score between birth and discharge were compared. Both the anthropometric and outcome variables were compared using the different statistical methods according to each variable.Results: 725 cases were found with the described characteristics. The groups before and after the intervention did not show significant differences in their general demographic characteristics. A lower use of PF was observed in the second period from 348 cases (79%) to 70 (24%), p <0.001 and fewer days of use (4.1 days/case vs 1.3, p <0.0001) of PF. The weight at discharge and the change in weight Z-score were the same in both groups. Infections went from three cases to zero but it was not statistically significant. There were no complications due to less use of PF.Discussion: This study showed that the use of PF is not associated with significant changes in outcomes of interest, which reinforces that its use does not generate any benefit for the patient. Larger number of cases is required to detect differences in low incidence events such as infections.
On Strongly Correlated Eelectrons in Metals
Authors: Szeftel Jacob
Published: December 2021

A procedure, dedicated to superconductivity, is extended to study the properties of interacting electrons in normal metals in the thermodynamic limit. Each independent-electron band is shown to split into two correlated-electron bands. Excellent agreement is achieved with Bethe's wave-function for the one-dimensional Hubbard model. The groundstate energy, reckoned for the two-dimensional Hubbard Hamiltonian, is found to be lower than values, obtained thanks to the numerical methods. This analysis applies for any spatial dimension and temperature.
Multicenter Retro-Prospective Observational Study on Chronic Hypoparathyroidism and rhPTH (1-84) Treatment
Authors: Marcucci Gemma , Beccuti Guglielmo , Carosi Giulia , Cetani Filomena , Cianferotti Luisella , Colao Anna Maria , Di Somma Carolina , Duradoni Mirko , Elefante Antonia , Ghizzoni Lucia , Giusti Massimo , Lania Andrea Gerardo , Lavezzi Elisabetta , Madeo Bruno , Mantovani Giovanna , Marcocci Claudio , Masi Laura , Parri Simone , Pigliaru Francesca , Santonati Assunta , Spada Antonio , Vera Lara , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: December 2021

The use of recombinant human PTH (1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)] is approved as hormonal replacement therapy in patients with hypoparathyroidism not adequately controlled with conventional therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 months of rhPTH (1-84) treatment in a cohort of patients selected according to the indications of recent hypoparathyroidism guidelines. It is a multicenter, observational, retro-prospective, open label study. Eleven Italian Endocrinological centers were involved. Fourteen adult subjects with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with rhPTH (1-84) for 12 months were enrolled. Main outcome measures included serum and urinary parameters of mineral metabolism, renal function, oral calcium and vitamin D doses, and clinical manifestations. At 12 months, 61.5% of patients discontinued calcium supplement and 69.2% calcitriol. Mean serum calcium levels quickly normalized after initiation of rhPTH (1-84) treatment compared to baseline (p=0.009). Rare hypo-hypercalcemia episodes were reported. Renal function was maintained normal and no renal complications were reported. Serum and urinary phosphate and urinary calcium were maintained in the normal range. Mean phosphatemia levels linearly decreased from 3 months up to 12 months compared to baseline (p= 0.014). No severe adverse events were described. In conclusion, this study confirm the efficacy and safety of rhPTH (1-84) therapy.
Towards a Mathematical Framework for Method Validation and Performance Characteristics of Non-targeted Methods for Food Authenticity
Authors: Nichani Kapil , Uhlig Steffen , Stoyke Manfred , Kemmlein Sabine , Ulberth Franz , Haase Ilka , Döring Maik , Walch Stephan G , Gowik Petra
Published: December 2021

Through its suggestive name, non-targeted methods (NTMs) do not aim at a predefined "needle in the haystack". Instead, they exploit all the constituents of the haystack. This new form of analytical methods is increasingly finding applications in food and feed testing. However, the concepts, terms, and considerations related to this burgeoning field of analytical testing needs to be propagated for the benefit of ones associated in academic research, commercial development, and official control. This paper addresses the frequently asked questions around notations and terminologies surrounding NTMs. The widespread development and adoption of these methods also necessitates the need to develop approaches to NTM validation, i.e., evaluating the performance characteristics of a method to determine if it is fit-for-purpose. This work aims to provide a roadmap to approaching NTM validation. In doing so, the paper deliberates on the different considerations that influence the approach to validation and provides suggestions thereof.
Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique
Authors: Huang Ruochen , Lu Mingyang , Chen Ziqi , Yin Wuliang
Published: December 2021

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of promising techniques in the field of non-destructive testing with advantages of the non-contact capability and the reduction of lift-off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach is proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the centre of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It is found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack follows a sine wave shape. A customised accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB is adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which can significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments have also been carried out to validate the simulations. It is found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remains stable under various rotation angles. It shows the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.
Ecotoxicological assessment of Zn, Cu and Ni based NPs contamination in Arenosols
Authors: Kolesnikov Sergey , Timoshenko Аlena , Minnikova Tatiana , Minkina Tatiana , Rajput Vishnu D , Kazeev Kamil , Feizi Morteza , Fedorenko Elena , Mandzhieva Saglara , Sushkova Svetlana
Published: December 2021

Nanoparticles are increasingly used in many industrial fields because of their special properties. In this context, several questions arise related to possible negative consequences associated with nanoparticle (NPs) entrance into the ecosystem.  The adsorption of NPs by soil can adversely influence its biological properties. In the present article, the influence of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of Arenosol is considered. Research aimed to study the effect of Cu, Zn, Ni NPs on the biological characteristics of sandy loam chernozem. Copper, Zn, and Ni NPs were added to the soil in concentrations of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg kg-1. The effect of NPs on the biological properties of Arenosol was evaluated after 10-day incubation. The biological indices of the ecological condition of the soil, including the germination of radish, the length of the roots, the bacteria population, Azotobacter sp. count, the catalase activity, and dehydrogenases were studied. As a result of this study, it was revealed that the degree of indices changes depending on the concentration of Cu, Zn, and Ni NPs in the Arenosols. Microbiological characteristics (bacteria population, and Azotobacter sp. count) and phytotoxic feature (length of roots and radish germination) properties were most sensitive to contamination compared to the enzyme activity of Arenosol. Based on the soil integral index of a biological state, the strongest inhibitory effect on biological parameters of Arenosols relative to the control was exerted by Cu NPs (lower than control by 48-72%), while the greatest stability in Arenosol was found for Ni NPs (lower than control by 30-55%). The studied biological parameters allow characterizing the severity of nanoparticle exposure on Arenosols. Early diagnostics of the severity of soil contamination by NPs can be successfully used to quickly assess their impact on the soil condition and prevent possible adverse consequences.
INVESTIGATION OF THE NORMAL VIBRATION MODES STABILITY IN SOME ESSENTIALLY NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Goloskubova Natalia , Mikhlin Yuri
Published: December 2021

In the paper stability of nonlinear normal modes is analyzed by two approaches. One of them is the method of Ince algebraization, when a new independent variable associated with the unperturbed solution is introduced in the problem. In this case equations in variations are transformed to equations with singular points. The problem of determination of solutions corresponding to boundaries of the stability/ instability regions is reduced here to the problem of determination of functions that have singularity at the mentioned points. Such solutions can be obtained in the form of power series, which coefficients are satisfying a system of homogeneous linear algebraic equations. The condition ensuring the existence non-trivial solutions for such systems determines the boundaries between the stability / instability regions in the system parameter space. An advantage of the Ince algebraization is that we do not use the time-presentation of the solution when studying its stability. Other approach to investigating steady state stability is associated with the classical Lyapunov definition of stability. The analytical-numerical test proposed in the paper can be applied to a stability problem when the problem has no analytical solution. It also allows to obtain boundaries between the stability / instability regions in the system parameter space. In the present paper the first approach is used to analyze stability of normal vibration modes in the system of connected oscillators on the essentially nonlinear elastic support, and the second one is used to analyze stability of a horizontal vibration mode in the so-called stochastic absorber.
ON APPROXIMATION OF PERIODIC ATEB-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Olshanskiy Vasiliy , Olshanskiy Stanislav
Published: December 2021

Two versions of approximation formulae for periodic Ateb-sine and Ateb-cosine in the first quarter of their common period are proposed. The first version is a Pade type approximation derived when constructing analytical solution of corresponding integral equation by iteration method with transforming the power series into a closed sum by Shanks’ formula. Two iteration approximations are considered. The first one is more concise but of worse approximation accuracy which deteriorates with increasing the argument value. To improve the approximation accuracy a hybrid approximation is proposed when the values of the Ateb-functions in the beginning (for the cosine) and in the end (for the sine) of the quarter period are computed by a separate formula obtained a priory by the asymptotic method. The comparison analysis of the approximate and exact values of the special functions indicates the error of the approximation proposed to be less than one per cent. The second variant of approximation is by replacing the periodic Ateb-functions by trigonometric functions of specific argument. The arguments are chosen so that the values of the special functions are exact at specific points of the quarter period. Five such collocation points are introduced in the paper. To implement this version of approximation a separate table of the values of the periodic Ateb-functions at the collocation points is compiled. The computational examples presented in the paper show the approximate values of the special functions obtained by the second version of approximation to have a good accuracy.
CONTEXTUAL LEARNING APPROACH AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Authors: Mahendra I Wayan Eka
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of formative assessment and learning approach to the mathematics learning outcome after controlling the numerical aptitude. It was a quasi-experiment with a sample of 186 students obtained by using multistage random sampling technique with 2x2 factorial designs. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA. After controlling the numerical aptitude, the results are: the mathematics learning outcome of the students who followed a contextual approach was better than the ones who followed a conventional learning approach, the mathematics learning outcome of the students who were given a performance assessment was better than the ones who were given a conventional assessment, the interaction between the learning approach and formative assessment affected the students learning outcome for mathematics, the students who followed a contextual learning approach were more suitable to be given a performance assessment, whereas the ones who followed a conventional learning approach were more appropriate to be given a conventional assessment. Based on the research findings, junior high school teachers are suggested to improve their students learning outcome for mathematics. Then, teachers need to use a learning approach and formative assessment accurately and correctly.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS WITH VISION OF SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (SETS) IN THE NATURAL RESOURCE COMPETENCY CLASS IV OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: FARDA UMMU JAUHARIN
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to develop science teaching material that feature Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) vision which covers some criteria namely effective. The study employed Research and Development (R&D) design. The R&D four steps were simplified in to three steps, those were define, design, and develop. The subject of this study was fourth grade Elementary School of SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 03. The techniques of data collections were interview, test, observation, and questionnaire. In analyzing data, the study used descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The result of the developed printed material was effective: 1). The result of study, 2). Increasing the result of study 3). Teacherâ€™s activity, 4). and Studentâ€™s activity. Based on the result of this study the learning material has reflected the SETS vision and approach. As such, the science teaching material developed has been justified as effective. Therefore it can be used for extended study to produce a much better product as the supplement for learning science in the competency of natural resources.