bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI-optimization operation of biomass-based distributed generator for efficient radial distribution system
Authors: Ali Muhammad Abid , Bhatti Abdul Rauf , Farhan Muhammad , Rasool Akhtar , Ali Ahmed
Published: September 2024

This research aims to optimize the size and location of biomass-based distributed generator (BMDG) units to enhance the voltage profile, reduce electrical losses, maximize cost savings, and decrease emissions from power distribution systems. Biomass-based distributed generator (BMDG) systems offer numerous advantages to enhance the efficiency of power distribution systems. However, achieving these benefits relies on determining the optimal size and position of the BMDGs. To achieve these objectives, the metaheuristic technique called particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to find the optimal placement and size of BMDGs. The proposed model was validated on MATLAB's IEEE-33 bus radial distribution system (RDS), confirming the aforementioned benefits. Comparative analysis between the PSO-based technique and other algorithms from previous research revealed better results with the proposed method. The results indicate that optimal placement and sizing of BMDG units have led to a reduction of more than 67.68% in active power losses and 65.90% in reactive power losses compared to the base case. Additionally, the reduction in active power loss was 40.44%, 11.39%, 42.85%, 1.81%, 0.85%, 29.83%, 5.82% and 28.38% more than artificial bee colony, backtracking search optimization algorithm, moth-flame optimization, Coordinate control, artificial Hummingbird algorithm, variable constants PSO (VCPSO), artificial gorilla troops optimizer (AGTO), and a jellyfish search optimizer respectively. Furthermore, the reactive power losses were reduced by 38.33% and 15.68% compared to VCPSO and AGTO respectively. Furthermore, this study revealed a cost reduction of 6.38% when compared to the AGTO and 1.30% when compared to the AHA. Moreover, the voltage profile of the power distribution system was improved by 7.28%. The presented methodology has demonstrated promising results for BMDGs in RDS across various applications.
Care Compassion and Concern Quotient (Cccq)
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: September 2024

Teachers are arguably one of the most potent factors in the growth and development of children across the world. Teachers often spend much more time with children than their own parents. However, there is concern about suicide, drugs, alcoholism and negative behavior. This paper explores some relevant issues regarding the amount of care, concern, compassion that is expressed by teachers and the resultant impact on student mental health. Teachers permeate the lives of children. From kindergarten to university, the adult in the front of the room has an impact on all children- be it good or bad. While the impact of teaching is typically measured in student achievement growth scores, one ultimate factor that is often not assessed or evaluated is the mental health of the child. The teacher is a role model, often a mentor, on occasion a coach, and still at other times, a confidant and confident. The teacher observes, listens, and on occasion expresses the fact that they are concerned about the short term and long term doings of their students.
Self-Care among Social Work Educators
Authors: Connett Shelby
Published: September 2024

Self-care is a widely known and discussed topic among social work professionals and students. However, despite the high esteem for self-care and its benefits within the social work profession, there is little information to be found regarding self-care teachings and self-care practices among social work educators (Bloomquist, Wood, Friedmeyer-Trainor, & Kim, 2015). The question then becomes whether social work educators are practicing self-care themselves, whether they teach self-care to their students, and whether there is any association between the two. This study will explore the literature and previous research on self-care practices among social work students, field educators, and practitioners. The current study will then be discussed pertaining to social work educators’ own self-care practices and their self-care teachings to social work students. The methods and findings will be presented, and a discussion will conclude the study to include key themes, strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations for future research.
Effect of Scaffolding Instructional Strategies on Pupils’ Attitude to Basic Science and Technology in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Aniafiok Udo (Ph.D) INYON , Okechukwu (Ph.D) JEKWU, Princewill
Published: September 2024

This study examined the effect of scaffolding instructional strategies on pupils’ attitude to Basic Science and Technology in public primary schools in Rivers State. Four purpose and four null hypotheses guided the study. Non-randomized pretest, posttest control group experimental design was adopted for the study. The population consisted of 42,409basic four pupils; 147pupils in the intact classes of the sampled schools using simple random sampling technique served as sample. The modified Fennema-Sherman Attitude Scale was used for data collection. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant difference in the Basic Science attitude mean score of pupils taught with modeling and cueing questions and those taught with conventional method; the Basic Science attitude mean scores of boys and girls, high achievers and low achievers taught with modeling and cueing questions do not differ significantly with those taught with conventional method; there is no significant interaction effect of treatment, gender and achievement levels on the attitude of pupils towards Basic Science and Technology. Recommendations were made which include that scaffolding instructional strategy should be used in classroom teaching/learning interaction to enhance the teaching and learning of pupils as well as improve their attitude towards Basic Science and Technology.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic inhibition of Methane Hydrate with Organic Inhibitors
Authors: Vikash Kumar Saw
Published: September 2024

The present experimental work reports the impact of ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol on formation temperature, pressure and inhibition time of methane hydrate. The inhibition effects of hydroxyl functional group of inhibitors have been studied. It is evaluated in terms of temperature, pressure and induction time. Methane hydrate equilibrium temperature and pressure is also studied. Experimental results disclose that ethylene glycol is a strong candidate to hinder methane hydrate thermodynamically while glycerol is good competitor to discourage hydrate formation in both terms kinetic hindrance and thermodynamic hindrance.
Changes and Challenges of Financial Technology (FinTech) for the Banking Industry
Authors: Wu Ruofei
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of financial technology (FinTech), the traditional banking industry is facing unprecedented changes and challenges. This paper firstly discusses the definition, development history and key technologies of FinTech, and analyses its impact on the banking industry, including innovations in the areas of payment, lending and investment. At the same time, FinTech also brings challenges in various aspects such as regulation, security and privacy, competitive pressure and technological risks. To meet these challenges, traditional banks need to actively pursue technological innovation, optimise their business models, strengthen regulation and compliance, enhance their risk management capabilities, and continuously improve the customer experience. By establishing personalised services, optimising digital platforms and enhancing customer interactions, banks are able to better meet customer needs and enhance market competitiveness. This paper argues that in the era of fintech, traditional banks must respond flexibly to changes and seize market opportunities through innovation and cooperation to achieve sustainable development. Ultimately, the positive interaction between fintech and traditional banks will drive the continued progress of the entire financial industry.
Hedge Fund Activism on Dual Edges: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Zhang Chenqing , Li Siqi
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive study explores hedge fund activism (HFA), its impact on corporate governance, and shareholder value. It outlines the operational mechanisms of HFA, including target selection, share acquisition, influence exertion, and pushing for change. The study also delves into HFA's aggressive investment strategies, contrasting them with traditional funds. It examines HFA's positive impacts, such as improved corporate governance and shareholder value, and negative consequences, like short-termism and increased market volatility. The paper further analyzes HFA through an ESG lens, highlighting its potential to disrupt CSR practices and affect employee health. Case studies of Yahoo and J.C. Penney illustrate both the successes and failures of HFA. The study concludes by suggesting areas for future research and action, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to harness HFA's benefits while mitigating its risks.
Multi-dimensional influence of financial innovation on social and economic development
Authors: Huang Juntao
Published: September 2024

As the core driving force of the development of modern financial system, financial innovation is profoundly changing the face of the financial industry by introducing new technologies, new services, new products and new models, and has a multi-dimensional and deep-seated impact on social and economic development. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore the role of financial innovation in promoting economic growth, optimizing resource allocation, stimulating market vitality, improving financial service efficiency, promoting industrial upgrading, and facing challenges and coping strategies, with a view to providing theoretical reference and practical guidance for policy makers, financial institutions and all sectors of society.
Dilemma of and China’s Response to the Application of the Rules on Investors’ Reasonable Expectations from the Perspective of International Investment Arbitration
Authors: Xu Guangzhao
Published: September 2024

The rule on investors’ reasonable expectation aims to protect the rights and interests of foreign investors, which is often cited by arbitral tribunals in the practice of international investment arbitration in recent years. It can be divided into different categories according to its different bases. However, there are many problems in the application of this principle in the practice of international investment arbitration. Based on its significance in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of investors as well as the universality of the use of arbitral tribunals, the improvement of relevant clauses and due diligence and specific written commitments are the focus of countries and investors. It is also necessary for all host countries and investors to properly handle and break through this dilemma. If China is the host country, relevant applicable risk plans should be given to implement the national strategy of “going global” for Chinese enterprises.
Analysis of Tianjin real estate market: multiple linear regression prediction method
Authors: Yi Juntai
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the price prediction of Tianjin real estate market is studied, and the key factors affecting housing prices are systematically analyzed by using the method of multiple linear regression prediction. The research data comes from the real estate transaction data of Tianjin from 2018 to 2022, covering independent variable information such as housing area, housing age, geographical location and supporting facilities. By constructing multiple linear regression model, it is found that housing area and supporting facilities have a significant positive impact on housing prices, while housing age and distance from the city center have a significant negative impact on housing prices. Specifically, for every 1 square meter increase in housing area, house prices are expected to rise by 450 yuan; Every year the age of the house increases, the house price is expected to drop by 200 yuan; Every kilometer away from the city center, house prices are expected to drop in 800 yuan; Every time the score of supporting facilities is increased by 1 point, the house price is expected to increase by 1200 yuan. The goodness-of-fit test of the model shows that the R value is 0.85, which shows that the model has strong explanatory power. In addition, through the correlation analysis of independent variables, it is found that there is a positive correlation between housing area and supporting facilities, but the correlation with other variables is weak. This study not only enriches the theoretical research of the real estate market, but also provides valuable decision-making reference for the government, enterprises and consumers, and helps the healthy and stable development of the real estate market in Tianjin.
The Impact of Changing Consumer Behaviour on Market Analysis Techniques
Authors: Yue Xiang
Published: September 2024

This thesis explores the impact of changing consumer behaviour on market analysis techniques and analyses the role of technological advances, socio-cultural changes and economic factors in driving the evolution of market analysis tools and methods. With the development of big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, market analysis has become more accurate and efficient. The widespread use of social media and online behavioural analytics has driven personalisation and precision marketing, while real-time data and predictive analytics have helped companies become more agile in responding to market changes. This thesis also discusses the importance of privacy protection and data security, as well as the fact that future research should focus on technological advances, data ethics and the diversity of consumer needs in order to respond to the changing market environment. The study suggests that the continuous evolution of market analytics will lead to deeper consumer insights and more competitive market strategies for businesses.
Study on the catch-up process of latecomers from the perspective of management learning-- Based on the case study of SF Express
Authors: Xu Haohan
Published: September 2024

Taking SF Express as a case, this paper focuses on the problems of management constraints faced by latecomers by constructing theoretical models and using the three-step coding method of grounded theory, and explores the process of catch-up of China's latecomers from the perspective of management learning. The research finds that, first, late-developing enterprises in the start-up stage face multiple challenges in their development process, including the shortage of resources and capital in the initial stage, the lack of market cognition and the lag of technological innovation. Second, after entering the catch-up stage, the improvement of management ability has become the core, especially the in-depth study in operation management, information system management and organizational model, which lays the foundation for building talent advantages and surpassing competitors. Third, the key is to maintain an open learning mentality, actively absorb advanced management concepts from inside and outside the industry, flexibly apply them to practice, and continuously optimize the management structure to ensure that we maintain a leading position in the highly competitive market. Latecomer enterprises should pay attention to the systematic improvement of management ability and regard learning as an important source of sustainable competitiveness. Through the effective integration and innovative application of internal and external resources, building a learning organization that ADAPTS to market changes is the key path to achieve leapfrog development. Meanwhile, flexibility and rapid iterative management strategies are the only way to ensure that enterprises remain competitive in a complex and changing environment.
The Effect of Land Property Rights on China’s Rural-Urban Migration
Authors: Gu Yuankai
Published: September 2024

China’s rural land system, a fundamental economic system essential for rural construction, agricultural development, and farmers' income in China, is currently being reformed through the Three Rights Division (TRD) mechanism to promote transformation of land management and improve the security of land contract rights. This paper examines the effects of rural land systems in China on migration, considering market mechanisms, such as land rentals, and government mechanisms, such as land expropriation. Analysis using the Probit model reveals why renting land has had a constructive effect on migration in China through the TRD reform that promotes land security and encourages migration through both market and government mechanisms. Moreover, the TRD boosts urbanization because industry structure upgrades assist China in avoiding possible middle-income traps and Lewis turning points, thereby fostering overall economic growth.
Research on Disney's Marketing Strategy
Authors: Wang Ru
Published: September 2024

Disney, leveraging its profound cultural foundation, diversified product matrix, and global operational model, has built a global entertainment empire spanning multiple sectors, including film, theme parks, and consumer products. This paper delves into five core elements of Disney's marketing strategy: brand extension, content innovation, global expansion, emotional resonance marketing, and the process of digital transformation. The aim is to explore how Disney maintains its leading position in the highly competitive global market while flexibly adapting to rapid changes in the market environment. Additionally, this paper examines the challenges and shortcomings Disney faces in its marketing efforts and offers a series of suggestions for optimizing strategies and improving outcomes to help Disney continue to shine in its future development.
Research on Recidivism of Burglary Crimes and the Path of Governance
Authors: Zhang Wenhua
Published: September 2024

As a long-standing type of crime, theft has become a focus of attention in both academia and judicial practice due to its high recidivism rate. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this study takes 795 theft verdicts from C city over the past 8 years as a sample to investigate the characteristics, causes, and effective governance strategies of recidivism in theft. At the same time, it analyzes in depth the social structure, judicial and legal practices that contribute to the sustained increase in recidivism rates. In response to the above issues, measures have been proposed to optimize the trial procedures, establish a "replacement punishment" system, and improve the application of probation in theft crimes. The aim is to provide practical and feasible solutions for the problem of repeated theft in C city and even wider areas, and to provide policy references and theoretical support for preventing and reducing the recurrence of theft crimes.
An Analysis of the Impact of Sino-American Trade Relations on China’s Economy from a Carbon Neutrality Perspective
Authors: Zheng Shuyu
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of the 2018 US-China trade war on China's economy and its pursuit of carbon neutrality. Amid trade tensions, China's 2020 pledge for carbon neutrality emerged as a strategic response to external economic pressures. By using SPSS and the Environmental Kuznets Curve model, this research quantitatively explores how economic growth correlates with environmental health. It examines how the trade war influenced China's industrial and technological advancements, inadvertently fostering emissions reduction and enhancing environmental awareness. The findings reveal that these adjustments not only mitigated short-term economic challenges but also prompted shifts in employment and heightened public consciousness about environmental issues. This analysis contributes to understanding the intricate balance between trade, economic growth, and environmental sustainability, offering policy recommendations to harmonize these elements globally.
Supply Chain Finance: A Potential Tool for Economic Prosperity in African Countries
Authors: Franklin Mballa Fortune , Zhou Jie
Published: September 2024

Supply chain finance (SCF) has emerged as a pivotal tool to encourage economic prosperity, especially in African regions where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) often face significant capital shortages. Small-sized businesses usually struggle to fulfill client’s demands or honor a contract with bigger firms. That is a fact in countries all around the globe, however, this condition is considered more severe in African countries. African countries face challenges in managing global supply chain chains due to government instability, corruption, limited technology use, and low education levels. With the rise of globalization, it has become ever more crucial to transform and stabilize supply chain management in the region. Supply chain finance (SCF) analyzes capital flows in a supply chain, aiming to reduce financing costs and increase efficiency, which has been an overlooked area for a long time. This research was conducted to understand the potential SCF holds regarding improving the economy in African countries.
Research on the Impact of Fintech on Traditional Accounting Industry and Transformation Strategies
Authors: Bai Xueying
Published: September 2024

Financial technology (FinTech) has developed rapidly in recent years, profoundly affecting the operation mode and business processes of the traditional accounting industry. This paper discusses the major impacts of FinTech on the traditional accounting industry, including the changes in accounting processes due to technological innovations, the application of data analytics and automation, and the security and privacy issues faced. As FinTech continues to advance, the traditional accounting industry needs to implement effective transformation strategies to meet the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities. This paper proposes four key transformation strategies: technology integration and upgrading, business process optimization and restructuring, cultivation and introduction of professionals, and compliance and security enhancement. Through the analysis of successful transformation cases, this paper summarizes the practical experience and looks forward to the trends and challenges of FinTech on the future development of the accounting industry. The study suggests that actively adapting to the changes in fintech is the key to maintaining the competitiveness and realizing the sustainable development of the traditional accounting industry.
Statistical study on the impact of psychological bias on business decision-making
Authors: Wang Ruifan
Published: September 2024

In today's highly competitive business environment, it is particularly important to understand and optimize the decision-making process. Psychology, especially, cognitive bias theory, provides important perspectives on its application in business decision making. This study focuses on how psychological biases in business decision making affect decision efficiency and enterprise outcomes. Through quantitative analysis of the decision examples and results of many enterprises, this paper reveals the universality and influence of psychological bias such as confirmation bias, overconfidence and group thinking in decision making. Research shows that enterprises ignoring these psychological deviations may lead to strategic mistakes and wasted resources. Furthermore, this study explored the effectiveness of alleviating the effects of bias through psychological interventions, thus improving the scientific and economic benefits of decision-making. The research results not only have guiding significance for enterprise decision makers, but also provide empirical research support in the field of behavioral economics.
Research on the practice of enhancing the regularization management of government full-time fire brigade
Authors: Wu Wenya , Liu Yixing , Chen Minghou
Published: September 2024

With the development of the social economy, the demand for fire safety among the people is increasing, and the problem of insufficient fire protection forces is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, developing a dedicated government fire brigade has become an effective way to solve this problem. This article aims to explore practical methods for improving the standardized management and professional construction of the government's full-time fire brigade. This article first analyzes the current situation of the government's full-time fire brigade, including problems in personnel establishment, salary and benefits, management system, and other aspects. Furthermore, it was discussed how to enhance the standardized management and professional construction of the government's full-time fire brigade, including improving organizational structure, clarifying responsibilities and functions, standardizing duty models, and increasing the level of professionalism. In addition, several considerations were also mentioned to strengthen the construction of the government's full-time fire brigade, including strengthening organizational leadership, improving guarantee mechanisms, and promoting standardized construction.
A Review of Research on Employee Incentive Mechanisms and Firm Performance from the Perspective of Behavioral Economics
Authors: Jin Siyu
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the relationship between employee incentives and corporate performance from the perspective of behavioral economics. As the limitations of traditional material incentive theory gradually emerge, behavioral economics provides new theoretical support for the optimization of incentive mechanisms. This paper first explores the core concepts of behavioral economics, including loss aversion, intrinsic motivation, framing effects and social norms, and compares them with traditional incentive theories. By analyzing the additions and modifications of behavioral economics to incentives, it reveals how it affects incentive design, which in turn improves employee motivation and corporate performance. In addition, this paper demonstrates the successful application of behavioral economics principles in corporate incentives by combining practical cases and discusses the marginal effects and potential problems of incentives. Finally, this paper summarizes the effectiveness of the application of behavioral economics in the design of incentives and proposes directions for future research, such as personalized incentives, long-term incentive effects, cross-cultural research and technology-driven incentive design. The study shows that by scientifically designing incentive mechanisms, companies can more effectively motivate employees, improve overall performance, and achieve long-term sustainable development.
Preface: 5th International Conference on Economic Development and Innovation (EDI 2024)
Authors: Liu Juan , Norton Charles
Published: September 2024

We are delighted to present this Conference Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Economic Development and Innovation (EDI 2024). EDI 2024 was held from August 24-25, 2024 in Hong Kong by Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Hubei University of Economics, and Hubei XueErSheng Cultural Communication Co., Ltd.
The aim of EDI conference series is to provide a platform for educators, teachers, policy makers, publishers, scholars, and graduate students, etc. from different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in all fields of Economic Development and Innovation. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.
This EDI received almost 96 manuscripts, and less than 50 submissions had been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to EDI, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the conference committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that considered this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript.
Juan Liu, Charles Norton
Conference Committees
Insulinorresistencia y su asociación con síndrome metabólico en adolescentes obesos
Authors: Manulak M.A. , Jensen A.N. , López M.S. , Mir C. , Pianesi M.E. , Zacharzewski C.
Published: September 2024

La insulinorresistencia es un trastorno metabólico primario asociado con la obesidad. En los niños y adolescentes ha sido reportada una relación directa entre obesidad y síndrome metabólico. Se han postulado divergencias sobre el papel de la insulinorresistencia como factor esencial en la patogénesis del síndrome metabólico. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre insulinorresistencia, síndrome metabólico y sus componentes individuales en adolescentes obesos. Estudio de tipo transversal y descriptivo que incluyó 107 adolescentes obesos de ambos sexos, de entre 10 y 14 años, que concurrieron al Sector Nutrición del Hospital Provincial de Pediatría de la ciudad de Posadas, Misiones, desde septiembre de 2011 hasta agosto de 2012. Se definió obesidad según índice de masa corporal-puntaje z ≥ 2. El síndrome metabólico fue clasificado según los criterios del ATP III modificados por Cook. Para evaluar insulinorresistencia se utilizó el modelo de registro homeostático- HOMA-IR ≥ 3. La población obesa estudiada presentó 49% de insulinorresistencia y 28% de síndrome metabólico, de los cuales el 53% fueron insulinorresistentes. La frecuencia encontrada para los componentes del síndrome metabólico fue: 93% obesidad abdominal, 47% triglicéridos elevados, 33% colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad disminuido, 23% presión arterial ≥ p90 y 1% glucosa en ayunas alterada. Se realizó regresión logística para evaluar la asociación y la probabilidad de desarrollar síndrome metabólico o alguno de sus componentes con insulinorresistencia. Se encontró que la insulinorresistencia aumenta la probabilidad de presentar triglicéridos elevados en 2,5 veces.
Incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según ocupación en una cohorte de empleados públicos hospitalarios
Authors: Lovera M.N. , Malarczuk C. , Aragón S. , Pianesi M.E. , Bonneau G. , Gauvry G.C. , Medina G. , Castillo Rascón M.S.
Published: September 2024

Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo, la incidencia y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) según ocupación en una cohorte de trabajadores hospitalarios de Posadas, Misiones, desde 2002 al 2012. Materiales y métodos. Se reclutaron 391 empleados sin diabetes al inicio del periodo. Se realizaron encuestas personales, mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial y extracciones sanguíneas. Resultados. El personal de enfermería presentó mayor frecuencia de edad ≥45 años, sobrepeso-obesidad, síndrome metabólico y alimentación con alto valor glucémico con respecto a las otras ocupaciones. La tasa de Incidencia más alta, 0,965 (IC: 0,4665-1,785)/100 personas-año, correspondió a enfermería. Los enfermeros presentaron mayor probabilidad (HR=3,52, IC95%: 1,27-9,75; p-valor: 0,026) de desarrollar DM2 que los otros trabajadores hospitalarios. Conclusiones. Los enfermeros inician el estudio con más factores de riesgo para DM2 que los demás trabajadores hospitalarios y son los que presentan mayor incidencia de la enfermedad al finalizar el seguimiento.
Prevalencia de portación de Estreptococo Grupo B (EGB) en embarazadas y comparación de la microbiota vaginal de gestantes colonizadas y no colonizadas en un hospital universitario
Authors: Touzon M.S. , Losada M. , Cora Eliseht M. , Menghi C. , Gatta C. , Santa Cruz G. , Malamud de Rudavega H. , Vay C. , Tatti S. , Famiglietti A. , Perazzi B.
Published: September 2024

Introducción. La colonización por estreptococo grupo B (EGB) durante el embarazo reviste importancia por la posibilidad de transmisión vertical que, en ausencia de prevención, ocasiona sepsis y meningitis neonatal.Objetivo. Estudiar la prevalencia de portación de EGB en embarazadas en dos períodos, comparando la microbiota vaginal de las gestantes colonizadas y no colonizadas.Materiales y métodos. Se estudió la portación de EGB (semanas de gestación: 32-37) en 866 pacientes que concurrieron prospectiva y consecutivamente en dos períodos (307en 2010 y 559 en 2011 y 2012). Se les efectuó examen clínico e hisopado anorrectal/introito vaginal que fue sembrado en caldo selectivo para EGB y se subcultivaron en agar base Columbia (5% sangre) en el primer período y en agar cromogénico STRB, en el segundo. También se analizó el contenido microbiológico vaginal por metodología convencional. T. vaginalis, se investigó además cultivando en tioglicolato modificado. Análisis estadístico: test de Chi cuadrado (2) y Fischer.Resultados. De las 307 embarazadas, 30 (9,8 %) resultaron colonizadas por EGB en 2010, y 81 de 559 (14,5%) en 2011 y 2012. Se observó mayor prevalencia de flora patógena (51/111) (45,9%) en gestantes colonizadas respecto de no colonizadas (259/755) (34,3%) (2 yates: 5,21 p: <0,02). Candida spp se asoció con más frecuencia a las pacientes colonizadas (36,9% vs 21,3 %) (2 yates: 12,33; p: <0,0001), correspondiendo 23,4% a pacientes asintomáticas y 13,5 % a sintomáticas (2 yates: 5,97; p: 0,01).
Efectos adversos en recién nacidos de madres con intolerancia a la glucosa
Authors: Pacheco A.B. , Zamory E.S. , Loza G. , Olivieri M. , Becerra M.E.
Published: September 2024

La diabetes gestacional es definida como cualquier grado de intolerancia a la glucosa con inicio o primer reconocimiento durante el embarazo. El objetivo fue establecer si existe asociación entre estados de intolerancia a la glucosa en embarazadas no diabéticas para los actuales valores de corte, y efectos adversos en el recién nacido. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte en el que fueron analizadas 194 embarazadas. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas, los RR con sus [IC 95%] fueron los siguientes: para glucemias maternas superiores a 92 mg/dl en ayunas o a 180 mg/dl a los 60 minutos de la sobrecarga: hipoglucemia neonatal 1,83 [1,45-2,32]; macrosomía 1,78 [1,39-2,27] y prematurez 1,80 [1,42-2,29]. Para los casos en que los dos puntos de corte fueron superados: hiperbilirrubinemia 3,15 [1,95-5,11]; hipoglucemia 3,33 [2,12-5,20]; macrosomía 2,31 [1,26-4,42]; cuidado intensivo neonatal 3,15 [1,95-5,11] y prematurez 2,67 [1,53-4,78]. Resulta necesario el tratamiento de las embarazadas con intolerancias a la glucosa para disminuir riesgos de efectos adversos neonatales.
Síndrome nefrótico: mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados
Authors: Bertoldi y Cuevas P. , Angerosa M.
Published: September 2024

El síndrome nefrótico (SN) se caracteriza por proteinuria masiva seguida de hipoproteinemia, hipercolesterolemia, lipiduria, y edema. La barrera de filtración glomerular (BFG) está formada por células endoteliales glomerulares (CEG), la membrana basal glomerular (MBG) y los podocitos con sus procesos pie y las hendiduras de diafragma entre ellos. La función coordinada de la BFG ha sido considerada como la principal limitante contra la filtración de proteínas del plasma a la orina. El daño a cualquiera de estas estructuras puede dar lugar a proteinuria. Diversos estudios de investigación clínica y experimental han revelado múltiples factores que pueden alterar la permeabilidad a las proteínas de la BFG en el SN, además de aportar un mayor entendimiento sobre los mecanismos que intervienen en la patogénesis y las complicaciones de este síndrome. Las recientes investigaciones sobre la biología del podocito, así como la identificación de mutaciones en los genes expresados por los podocitos, han permitido un mayor entendimiento de la BFG y de los mecanismos que conducen al desarrollo de proteinuria. La exposición prolongada a la albúmina es perjudicial para los podocitos y puede contribuir a la pérdida progresiva de podocitos en la enfermedad renal proteinúrica. La endocitosis de albúmina por podocitos provoca una respuesta inflamatoria e induce a la muerte celular por apoptosis.
Proteinurias: Herramientas metodológicas para su estudio
Authors: Osatinsky Raquel
Published: September 2024

El conocimiento de la existencia de proteínas en la orina se remonta a fines del siglo XVIII, principios del XIX. El estudio de ellas es mucho más cercano.
Valoración de la proteinuria en la enfermedad renal: evaluación metodológica
Authors: De Marco B.
Published: September 2024

La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de la salud pública a nivel mundial que requiere estrategias de acción tanto para la detección temprana como para su monitorización. La proteinuria es considerada un marcador de lesión renal. En ese sentido el presente trabajo pretende evaluar desde el laboratorio clínico los aspectos metodológicos más relevantes para su valoración. Entre ellos se incluyen consideraciones de la etapa preanalítica como condiciones del paciente; tipo de muestra y su forma de conservación. Se describen los métodos de cribado y cuantitativos para proteinuria y albuminuria.Se destaca la utilidad del análisis inmunológico de proteínas marcadoras específicas para caracterizar la calidad de las proteínas eliminadas. Dada la implicancia de la medición de la pérdida de las proteínas urinarias, el laboratorio debe centrar la atención en la necesidad clínica de obtener valores precisos y claramente informados.
El estudio de la proteinuria en la insuficiencia renal aguda: nuevos marcadores
Authors: Madalena L. , Pandolfo M. , Gasparini S. , Alejandre M. , Cantenys N. , Di Carlo M.B. , Vavich R. , De Rosa M.
Published: September 2024

Un panel de biomarcadores urinarios permitiría detectar insuficiencia renal aguda de manera temprana y precisa; siendo incruento para una toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Las formas más frecuentes insuficiencia renal aguda son nefritis túbulo intersticial alérgica y necrosis tubular aguda con un diagnóstico diferencial establecido mediante biopsia renal como estándar de oro. La creatinina sérica, influenciada por la función renal preexistente, no permite precisar el tiempo y la severidad de la lesión. El examen del sedimento urinario detecta células y cilindros como único signo específico de lesión tubular renal; se aumentaría susensibilidad cuantificando proteínas y enzimas urinarias. La β2-microglobulina urinaria indica alteración de reabsorción tubular y sería superior a la N-acetil-β-D-glucosaminidasa (lisosoma) para predecir evoluciones adversas. La fosfatasa alcalina (ribete en cepillo) es liberada rápidamente por alteración del túbulo proximal. La α1-microglobulina detectaría alteración asintomática y la necesidad de establecer terapia de reemplazo. La proteína quimioatractante de monocitos-1 evidencia infiltración inflamatoria y edema intersticial. Por activación de sus genes, aumenta la proteína de injuria renal-1 (membrana tubular proximal).La gelatinasa del neutrófilo asociada a lipocalina posee valor diagnóstico y pronóstico dentro de las 6 hs. de la agresión o 24-48 hs. previas al diagnóstico. La albuminuria sería útil, puesto que la insuficiencia renal aguda activa la expresión de su gen. El perfil proteico mediante SDS-PAGE es una técnica no invasiva que permite definir glomerulopatía vs. tubulopatía, permitiendo detectar perfiles glomerulares asociados a peores evoluciones en insuficiencia renal aguda.
¿Ciencia y literatura? O ¿Literatura y ciencia?
Authors: Carozza Licenciada Inés
Published: September 2024

Estimados lectores, con razón se preguntarán el porqué del título de este editorial. ¿Qué tendrá que ver la Literatura en una revista científica? Pues bien, la razón puede ser muy sencilla si se ahonda en diferentes conceptualizaciones, ya sean éstas de una u otra disciplina.
Anticuerpos IgM anti-glicoproteína asociada a mielina en pacientes con polineuropatía y gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto
Authors: Ramos S.G. , Carballo O.G. , Lessa C.F.
Published: September 2024

Se estudiaron 66 pacientes no tratados con polineuropatía (PN) y gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto de clase IgM (GMSI-IgM), para investigar la especificidad antigénica de la proteína monoclonal IgM contra glicoproteína asociada a mielina (MAG) IgM por ELISA. 46 de 66 pacientes (70%) que tenían una proteína M de clase IgM reaccionaron con el antígeno MAG. Los títulos de anti-MAG-IgM variaron de 5500 a 68000 BTU (VR<1000). La concentración de IgM por nefelometría estuvo comprendida entre 499 a 2800 mg/dl. La distribución de sexo fue M/F 2,7 y la edad de los pacientes fue 51 ± 12 años. Los sueros fueron identificados previamente por inmunofijación electroforética como sigue: IgM-Kappa (53 pacientes) e IgM-Lambda (13 pacientes). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la concentración de IgM monoclonal y el título de anti- MAG-IgM de 0,84; 34 de los 46 pacientes con PN-GMSI -IgM con anti-MAG-IgM(+) (74%) tenían neuropatía periférica sensorial y 12 (26%) sensoriomotora o mixta. Todos los pacientes con PN-GMSI-IgM con anti-MAG-IgM(-) tuvieron neuropatía periférica sensoriomotora exclusivamente. En la serie estudiada se halló una asociación muy significativa entre GMSI-IgM y polineuropatía con actividad de anticuerpo anti-MAG-IgM (46/66 pacientes) (p<0.00001), con predominancia de IgM-Kappa monoclonal, sexo masculino y alteraciones neurológicas sensorialesLa elevada prevalencia de neuropatía encontrada en pacientes con gammapatía monoclonal IgM puede estar relacionada con la frecuente reactividad de M-proteínas de clase IgM con el antígeno MAG.
Enfermedad celíaca en una población pediátrica de riesgo nutricional del área operativa noreste de San Miguel de Tucumán
Authors: López G. del V. , Legorburu M.C. , Araujo C.R.
Published: September 2024

La enfermedad celíaca es un desorden sistémico autoinmune dependiente del gluten. Se caracteriza por una combinación variable de manifestaciones clínicas, anticuerpos específicos, complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad - haplotipos DQ2/DQ8 y enteropatía. La mala absorción secundaria a la enteropatía es posible causa de riesgo nutricional. Su prevalencia en la población pediátrica general de Argentina se ha estimado en 1,26 %, en 2010. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos específicos de enfermedad celíaca en población pediátrica de riesgo nutricional del noreste de San Miguel de Tucumán. En 2011, a partir de un universo de 19.733 niños, 4.538 cuyas edades oscilaban entre 2 y 10 años, 408 estaban con riesgo nutricional. Se seleccionaron 175 niños que cumplían con dos de los siguientes criterios de inclusión: bajo peso, diarrea y distensión abdominal. En los 160 niños que participaron del estudio se determinó la inmunocompetencia a IgApor inmunodifusión radial y anti-transglutaminasa tisular - isotipo IgA por ELISA, como marcador específico para enfermedad celíaca, confirmando los casos seropositivos con anti-endomisio-isotipo IgA por inmunofluorescencia indirecta. En la población pediátrica de riesgo nutricional se hallaron 5 niños seropositivos para enfermedad celíaca, estimándose la prevalencia en 3%. La seropositividad en la población pediátrica de riesgo nutricional es significativamente mayor a la reportada en la poblaciónpediátrica general. En el primer nivel de atención, resulta necesario motivar la búsqueda de enfermedad celíaca como posible causa de riego nutricional implementando el flujograma de procedimientos propuesto.
Evaluación de la sensibilidad y especificidad de reactivos para la determinación de anticuerpos para Chagas en los Bancos de Sangre
Authors: Gendler S.A. , Trinca A.P.
Published: September 2024

El mal de Chagas es una enfermedad endémica común en toda América causada por un protozoario, el Trypanosoma cruzi, no hay método de referencia para su diagnóstico. Objetivo: analizar cuál sería el par serológico más conveniente por su sensibilidad para el tamizaje y elegir que reacción funcionaría mejor para elevar la especificidad del diagnóstico en una segunda etapa. Materiales y métodos: Se testearon en paralelo con distintos reactivos Cincuenta y dos (52) muestras de nuestra seroteca y Ciento treinta y ocho (138) muestras frescas, recién extraídas. Se utilizaron reactivos comerciales para Aglutinación de Partículas de Gelatina, Hemoaglutinación Indirecta y ELISA. Resultados: Sensibilidades relativas individuales para los reactivos oscilaron entre el 75,00 y el 100,00 % y entre el 91,67 y 100,00 % para el par serológico. Las especificidades relativas estuvieron comprendidas entre el 56,82 y el 90,78% para el par serológico, consiguiéndose valores de hasta el 98,45 % por agregado de una 3° reacción. Conclusiones/discusión: Si se realizara el tamizaje con un solo reactivo recomendamos tener mucho cuidado en la elección del mismo dada la amplia dispersión de resultados en cuanto a la sensibilidad. El par serológico incrementa la sensibilidad en todos los casos. La introducción de la tercer reacción incrementa los valores de Especificidad y Valor predictivo Positivo, pero en ningún caso llega al 100,00 %.
Es tiempo de “viralizar” la Atención Bioquímica
Authors: Alejandre Mariel Emilce
Published: September 2024

El bioquímico se parece cada vez más a la sociedad en que vive, enfundado en su guardapolvo blanco y escondido en su laboratorio detrás de los aparatos, atendiendo a un “número”, abonado o cliente que apenas conoce y cuyo primer contacto es a traves del líquido biológico que llega a la mesada del laboratorio para su procesamiento.
Activación de polimorfonucleares neutrófilos por UDPGlucosa extracelular
Authors: Borda N. , Carbia C. , Rabossi G. , Arcavi M. , García Gonçalves L. , Ameneiros M. , Martínez R. , Lazarowski A. , Merelli A.
Published: September 2024

Los nucleótidos purinérgicos extracelulares juegan roles importantes en la señalización celular mediante la activación de sus receptores específicos, expresados en la mayoría de las células. El receptor P2Y14 responde a la señalización por UDP-glucosa extracelular pero no por otros nucleótidos/nucleósidos purinérgicos libres. Si bien, los polimorfonucleares neutrófilos normales presentan altos niveles de transcriptos del receptor P2Y14,, su función en dichas células ha sido poco investigada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue demostrar si UDP-Glucosa extracelular induce la quimiotaxis y adhesividad de los neutrófilos. Para ello, se midió la quimiotaxis en polimorfonucleares neutrófilos de: a) pacientes con leucocitosis y neutrofilia (n=10), b) individuos sanos (n=10), c) neutrófilos normales pre-incubados con suero de individuos sanos (n=20) y d) neutrófilos normales pre-incubados con suero de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea (n=17). El control basal se realizó con neutrófilos preincubados con RPMI. También se ensayó la adhesividad de neutrófilos normales al vidrio. En ambos procedimientos se utilizaron como agonistas, UDP-Glucosa y fMLP. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, en los grupos a y b los valores de quimiotaxis inducida por fMLP fueron similares, mientras que, la inducida por UDP-Glucosa fue superior en el grupo a. En el grupo c, fMLP mostró mayor estimulación que UDP-Glucosa, en tanto que, en neutrófilos normales preincubados con suero de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea (grupo d) la quimiotaxis inducida por ambos agonistas fue similar. Cabe destacar que UDP-Glucosa presentó mayor actividad quimiotáctica en neutrófilos normales preincubados con suero de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea, respecto a los preincubados con suero normal.