bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota as a prognostic biomarker for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Xin Yujing , Peng Gang , Song Wei , Zhou Xiang , Huang Xiaoyu , Cao Xiaojing
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the response to anti-PD-1-based combination therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to identify potential non-invasive biomarkers and new strategies to modulate immunotherapy in HCC.

Methods

In this study, fresh stool samples and clinical data were collected from unresectable HCC patients treated with anti-PD-1-based combination therapy at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2020 and December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups based on their response to treatment: the treatment responder group (R group) and the treatment non-responder group (NR group). The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome were bioinformatically analyzed by using the Whole Genome Shotgun strategy, including taxonomic composition analysis, Alpha diversity analysis, Beta diversity analysis, and differentially enriched bacterial taxa analysis. Differentially enriched bacterial taxa between R and NR groups were identified based on the magnitude of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and analyzed for their impact on the survival of the patient.

Results

A total of 45 eligible patients with unresectable HCC treated with anti-PD-1-based combination therapy participated in this study. The gut microbiological composition and Alpha diversity of patients were not statistically different, but there was a statistically significant difference in Beta diversity between the R and NR groups. (PERMANOVA tests, P = 0.006). We further identified 56 enriched bacterial taxa in the R group and 44 enriched bacterial taxa in the NR group based on the LEfSe analysis (LDA >2.66, P< 0.05). Patients with a high abundance of Collinsella genus, Ruminococcus_AM4211, and Ruminococcus_AF25_28AC had a longer median PFS and median OS compared to those with low abundance (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the median PFS and OS of patients with a high abundance of Bacteroides_AF20_13LB and Veillonella_atypica were significantly shorter than those of patients with low abundance (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroides_AF20_13LB and Ruminococcus_ AF25_28AC was independent related factors for PFS, and the abundance of Bacteroides_AF20_13LB was an independent related factor of OS.

Conclusion

The enrichment of specific gut microbiota affected clinical efficacy and survival benefits in HCC treated with anti-PD-1 therapy and may be a promising non-invasive gut microbial biomarker and a new strategy for modulating immunotherapy in HCC.
Effects of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit on hard-steamed bread quality
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Tianyi , Zhao Jiajia , Qiao Ling , Wu Bangbang , Hao Yuqiong , Ge Chuan , Feng Zhiwei , Zheng Xingwei
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Steamed bread (SB) is a daily food in many countries in the world, but the relationship between HMW-GS and the quality of SB remain unclear.

Methods

This study investigated the effects of 12 subunit combinations on the characteristics of SB, including volume, physical properties, and sensory evaluation, combined with the microstructure and dough rheological properties.

Results

The locus effect results showed, volume and physical properties of SB were Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A1, while sensory scores Glu-B1>Glu-D1>Glu-A1. According to individual subunit effects, subunit 1 at Glu-A1 locus, 7+8 and 7+9 subunits at Glu-B1 locus, and 2+10 and 5+12 subunits at Glu-D1 locus were significantly superior to other subunits in physical indices like volume, chewiness, glueyness, and sensory scores, and were less affected by moisture. The effect of subunits combination is mainly affected by subunits, and the combination of superior subunits tends to make SB quality better. The subunit combinations (1, 7+8, 5+12), (N, 7+9, 2+10) and (1, 7+9, 5+12) had better physical properties indexes, sensory scores, dense, uniform and delicate micro-pore structure, and smaller thickness wall.

Discussion

The results showed that protein content, wet gluten content and stability time were the main factors affecting the volume and physical properties of SB. The protein content, wet gluten content and stability time of flour in 7+8, 7+9, 2+10 and 5+12 subunits were higher. Therefore, the quality of SB containing these subunits was found better.
Predictors of premarital cohabitation timing among young women in Ethiopia: insights from the 2016 demographic and health survey using a shared frailty model
Authors: Nimani Teshome Demis , Tadese Eyob Eshete , Butta Fikadu Wake , Tadese Zinabu Bekele
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Most new HIV infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa due to premarital, likely experiences of abuse, exploitation, intimate partner violence, murder, and suicide. Transient nature of the relationship, cohabiting young females are frequently at risk for poor mental health following disagreements. This study's aim was to predictors of premarital cohabitation timing among young women in Ethiopia.

Method

Secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey was analyzed. The study comprised a weighted sample of 6,142 young women. A weighted descriptive analysis of graphs, frequency tables, medians, and percentiles was performed to describe the study participants. The Akaike information criteria were used to choose the best-shared frailty model for the data. Final measures of effect size included the adjusted hazard ratio, both of which had a p-value of less than 0.05.

Result

Premarital cohabitation was reported to have a median age of 16 years (IQR, 15–18 years). Woman's age (AHR = 0.795; 95% CI: 0.761–0.868) was one of the independent predictors of time to premarital cohabitation. For primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively, 0.733 (95% CI: 0.607, 0.959) and 0.610 (95% CI: 0.589, 0.632) were seen among women who can read and write (AHR = 0.896; 95% CI: 0.872, 0.920). Women with access to the media (AHR = 0.722, 95% CI: 0.510, 0.963).

Conclusion

The most important idea is that educational level, access to media, age, and literacy are the most significant factors for the time-to-premarital cohabitation rate.
The challenge of wearable neurodevices for workplace monitoring: an EU legal perspective
Authors: Muhl Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the emerging practice of workplace surveillance by using neurotechnologies, particularly wearable neurodevices, to monitor employees’ cognitive abilities, concentration levels, and emotional responses. It aims to assess the legality of such practices within the framework of EU law, focusing on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) by providing a detailed analysis of recent EU legislation in the context of the implementation of neurosurveillance at the workplace. Furthermore, the paper discusses whether current regulations adequately address the use of neurotechnologies in the workplace or are overly restrictive. It raises the question of ensuring sufficient flexibility in the regulations to allow for legitimate implementations of neurotechnologies in the labour field for workers’ safety while protecting workers’ rights. Overall, the paper offers insights into the intersection of neurotechnology advancements and labour relations and stimulates critical discussion about the fair balance between innovation and workers’ rights.
Oleic acid attenuates asthma pathogenesis via Th1/Th2 immune cell modulation, TLR3/4-NF-κB-related inflammation suppression, and intrinsic apoptotic pathway induction
Authors: Lee Soon-Young , Le Duc Dat , Bae Chun-Sik , Park Jin Woo , Lee Mina , Cho Seung-Sik , Park Dae-Hun
Published: October 2024

WHO reported that asthma was responsible for 455,000 deaths in 2019 and asthma patients was evaluated 262 million in May 2023. The incidence is expected to increase as the average life expectancy increases, highlighting asthma as a significant health challenge in an aging society. The etiology of asthma is linked to an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells, respiratory inflammation, and pulmonary cell proliferation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-asthmatic effect and potential mechanism of oleic acid. The anti-inflammatory effect of oleic acid was evaluated in an LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model, and immune modulation and the anti-apoptotic effect were measured in an ovalbumin-induced BALB/c mouse model. A variety of analytical procedures, such as MTT, qPCR, ELISA, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, gene transfection, immunohistochemistry, and several staining methods (Diff Quik, H&E, PAS), were used to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanisms of these methods. The results from in vitro experiments showed that oleic acid could reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and molecular docking studies suggested that oleic acid could interact with TLR3 and TLR4 proteins to form ligand−protein complexes, showing good binding affinity. Additionally, oleic acid attenuated the expression of MAPK pathway components (JNK, p38 MAPK) and NF-κB pathway constituents (IκB, NF-κB, COX-2, PGE2). In vivo results indicated that oleic acid reduced the levels of inflammatory cells (WBCs and eosinophils) and IgE activity, reduced the expression of the Th2 cell transcription factor GATA-3, and decreased the levels of Th2/Th17-related cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, and IL-6). Oleic acid also alleviated OVA-induced pathological changes in the lung, such as epithelial cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion. OVA restored apoptosis in lung epithelial cells by modulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. In summary, oleic acid has potential as a novel candidate for asthma treatment through its ability to regulate immune cells, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and promote apoptosis, thereby ameliorating asthma manifestations.
Case report: Rapid symptom relief in autoimmune encephalitis with efgartigimod: a three-patient case series
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Yang Wenping , Qian Yun , Zhang Yu , Zhao Huihui , Shu Mingzhu , Li Qingyang , Li Yanan , Ding Yu , Shi Shiyu , Liu Yaxi , Cheng Xi , Niu Qi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) comprises a group of inflammatory brain disorders mediated by autoimmune responses. Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis, and anti–γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR) encephalitis are the most prevalent forms, characterized by the presence of antibodies against neuronal cell-surface antigens. Efgartigimod, an antagonist of the neonatal Fc receptor, has proven efficacy in myasthenia gravis treatment. This clinical case report describes the clinical progression and functional outcomes of AE in three patients who received efgartigimod treatment.

Case presentations

Case 1 was a 60-year-old man exhibiting memory impairment and psychiatric disturbances over 11 days. Case 2 was a 38-year-old man with a 1-month history of rapid cognitive decline and seizures. Case 3 was a 68-year-old woman with mental behavioral changes and seizures for 4 months. Anti-GABABR, anti-LGI1, and anti-NMDAR antibodies were confirmed in the respective patients’ cerebrospinal fluid or serum. All three patients experienced marked and swift symptomatic relief after four cycles of efgartigimod treatment, with no complication.

Conclusion

Current first-line and second-line treatments for AE have limitations, and efgartigimod has demonstrated potential in the rapid and efficacious treatment of AE, emerging as a promising option for the management of this disease.
DNA and RNA vaccines against tuberculosis: a scoping review of human and animal studies
Authors: Kazakova Alisa , Zhelnov Pavel , Sidorov Roman , Rogova Anna , Vasileva Olga , Ivanov Roman , Reshetnikov Vasiliy , Muslimov Albert
Published: October 2024

Introduction

To comprehensively identify and provide an overview of in vivo or clinical studies of nucleic acids (NA)-based vaccines against TB we included human or animal studies of NA vaccines for the prevention or treatment of TB and excluded in vitro or in silico research, studies of microorganisms other than M. tuberculosis, reviews, letters, and low-yield reports.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, selected Web of Science and ProQuest databases, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, PROSPERO, OSF Registries, Cochrane CENTRAL, EU Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and others through WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, AVMA and CABI databases, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and others through OSF Preprint Archive Search. We searched the same sources and Google for vaccine names (GX-70) and scanned reviews for references. Data on antigenic composition, delivery systems, adjuvants, and vaccine efficacy were charted and summarized descriptively.

Results

A total of 18,157 records were identified, of which 968 were assessed for eligibility. No clinical studies were identified. 365 reports of 345 animal studies were included in the review. 342 (99.1%) studies involved DNA vaccines, and the remaining three focused on mRNA vaccines. 285 (82.6%) studies used single-antigen vaccines, while 48 (13.9%) used multiple antigens or combinations with adjuvants. Only 12 (3.5%) studies involved multiepitope vaccines. The most frequently used antigens were immunodominant secretory antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT6), heat shock proteins, and cell wall proteins. Most studies delivered naked plasmid DNA intramuscularly without additional adjuvants. Only 4 of 17 studies comparing NA vaccines to BCG after M. tuberculosis challenge demonstrated superior protection in terms of bacterial load reduction. Some vaccine variants showed better efficacy compared to BCG.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/, identifier F7P9G.
Successful management of belimumab after obinutuzumab in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report with an 18-month follow-up
Authors: Pu Xiuxiu , Ye Qiao , Zhu Lin , Yan Tingting
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, and despite the availability of multiple treatments, striking a balance between long-term efficacy and side effects remains a major clinical challenge. B-cell–directed therapy has attracted much attention because of its unique mechanism of action. Belimumab and obinutuzumab, as representative drugs for B-cell–directed therapy, have shown their respective advantages for SLE treatment. However, data on combination therapy with obinutuzumab and belimumab are currently unavailable.

Case presentation

We present the severe case report of a patient who was diagnosed with lupus nephritis (LN) with gastrointestinal involvement and developed acute renal failure. The patient responded to the first dose of obinutuzumab but failed to achieve a complete response to LN. The repeated use of obinutuzumab was limited by persistently low IgG levels and frequent infections. This is a real-world challenge that must be addressed. Therefore, the patient was subsequently treated with a novel sequential regimen of obinutuzumab followed by belimumab. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient achieved a complete clinical response with a favourable safety profile, along with the conversion of all autoantibodies from positive to negative and sustained negativity. To date, the patient has achieved a dual clinical and serological response.

Conclusion

There is a reason to believe that this novel combination regimen could be developed as a therapeutic strategy, with the expectation of balancing efficacy and safety.
Somatic gene mutations involved in DNA damage response/Fanconi anemia signaling are tissue- and cell-type specific in human solid tumors
Authors: Rai Sudhir Kumar , Du Wei , Zhang Jun , Yu Herbert , Deng Youping , Fei Peiwen
Published: October 2024

With significant advancements in the study of DNA Damage Response (DDR) and Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling, we previously introduced the term “FA signaling” to encompass “all signaling transductions involving one or more FA proteins.” This network has now evolved into the largest cellular defense network, integrating over 30 key players, including ATM, ATR, BLM, HRR6, RAD18, FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, BRCA2, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, BRIP1, FANCL, FANCM, PALB2, RAD51C, SLX4, ERCC4, RAD51, BRCA1, UBE2T, XRCC2, MAD2L2, RFWD3, FAAP20, FAAP24, FAAP100, and CENPX. This system responds to both endogenous and exogenous cellular insults. However, the mutational signatures associated with this defense mechanism in non-FA human cancers have not been extensively explored. In this study, we report that different types of human cancers are characterized by distinct somatically mutated genes related to DDR/FA signaling, each accompanied by a unique spectrum of potential driver mutations. For example, in pan-cancer samples, ATM emerges as the most frequently mutated gene (5%) among the 31 genes analyzed, with the highest number of potential driver mutations (1714), followed by BRCA2 (4% with 970 putative driver mutations). However, this pattern is not universal across specific cancer types. For example, FANCT is the most frequently mutated gene in breast (14%) and liver (4%) cancers. In addition, the alteration frequency of DDR/FA signaling due to these mutations exceeds 70% in a subtype of prostate cancer, with each subtype of brain, breast, lung, and prostate cancers displaying distinct patterns of gene alteration frequency. Furthermore, these gene alteration patterns significantly impact patient survival and disease-free periods. Collectively, our findings not only enhance our understanding of cancer development and progression but also have significant implications for cancer patient care and prognosis, particularly in the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
A narrative review on problems in product quality, regulatory system constraints, and the concept of quality by design as a solution for quality assurance of African medicines
Authors: Hassen Hassen Kebede , Mekasha Yesuneh Tefera , Tegegne Addisu Afrassa , Ozalp Yildiz
Published: October 2024

Background

The provision of medicines with confirmed quality and efficacy is critical for maintaining the public health and building confidence in the healthcare systems. However, the presence of poor-quality medicines still presents a significant challenge in the pharmaceutical landscape across the African regions. This is further exacerbated by the lack of consistency or discrepancy in the current regulatory framework. As a consequence, given the current constraints, a robust regulatory structure that can guarantee the supply chains attainment of the intended medicinal product requirements are required.

Objective

The review aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the quality issues in the pharmaceutical supply in Africa, highlighting the challenges and proposing potential solutions for its mitigation.

Methods

The review was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024. This narrative review examined poor-quality medicines, regulatory challenges, and mitigation strategies in the African pharmaceutical industry. The review utilized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search strategy was customized to include open-access articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English and focused exclusively on studies conducted in African countries.

Results

The review portrays the prevalence of poor-quality medicinal products in various regions of Africa. Among various categories of findings, 42% of the reports on poor-quality medicinal products come from the African region, as per the WHO report. Furthermore, separate findings on substandard medicinal products from many African countries were encountered. The presence of problems in the regulatory system, such as the absence of any pharmacopeia belonging to any African country and variation/inconsistency in each country’s regulatory set-up, was indicated. Other factors for the inability to enforce regulatory law, such as insufficient skilled and committed human resources, the presence of corruption, as well as financial resource scarcity, were revealed in the review. From the situational analysis, the possibility of building a robust quality assurance system in the near future through a quality by design approach under existing resource limitations was discussed.

Conclusion

The pharmaceutical sector in Africa faces significant challenges, including the prevalence of poor-quality medicines and weak regulatory enforcement. Tackling these challenges are vital for enhancing health outcomes throughout the continent through the provision of high-quality medicines. Trending toward quality by design in the quality assurance system under prevailing financial scarcity can be very beneficial.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates depression-like behaviors in rats with post-stroke depression by inhibiting ferroptosis in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Gao Jing , Song Xiaolei , Feng Yixuan , Wu Lihua , Ding Zhimin , Qi Shikui , Yu Mingyue , Wu Ruonan , Zheng Xinyue , Qin Yanyan , Tang Yuchuang , Wang Mengyu , Feng Xiaodong , Zhang Qiongshuai
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common complication following a stroke, significantly hindering recovery and rehabilitation in affected patients. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of PSD remains poorly understood. Electroacupuncture (EA) has shown antidepressant effects, yet its neuroprotective properties are not well defined. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of cell death, is implicated in the pathological processes of stroke and is associated with the development of depression-like behaviors. So we aimed to investigate whether PSD induces ferroptosis, identify potential therapeutic targets within these pathways, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in this study.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle carotid artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stress to model PSD. To explore the role of ferroptosis in the effects of EA, the ferroptosis inducer erastin was administered into the rats’ lateral ventricles, followed by 14 days of EA treatment, with sessions lasting 30 minutes per day. The Zea-Longa score was used to assess neurological deficits, while the sucrose preference test, elevated plus maze test, and open-field test were employed to evaluate depression-like behaviors in the rats. Hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and Perl’s staining were used to observe the morphological changes and iron deposition in the prefrontal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy provided detailed observations of mitochondrial morphological changes in neurons. We utilized activity assay kits, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting to explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of EA.

Results

EA can reduce neurological deficits and enhance the spontaneous activity and exploration behavior of rats. In addition, EA could inhibit prefrontal cortex neuronal ferroptosis by reducing iron deposition, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing antioxidation.

Discussion

EA improved depression-like behaviors, mitigated mitochondrial damage, and inhibited ferroptosis in prefrontal cortex neurons. Notably, the administration of erastin further enhanced these effects. In conclusion, EA appears to improve PSD by inhibiting ferroptosis in the prefrontal cortex.
A review of the pathogenesis of epilepsy based on the microbiota-gut-brain-axis theory
Authors: Yang Wentao , Cui Hua , Wang Chaojie , Wang Xuan , Yan Ciai , Cheng Weiping
Published: October 2024

The pathogenesis of epilepsy is related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis, but the mechanism has not been clarified. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is divided into the microbiota-gut-brain axis (upward pathways) and the brain-gut-microbiota axis (downward pathways) according to the direction of conduction. Gut microorganisms are involved in pathological and physiological processes in the human body and participate in epileptogenesis through neurological, immunological, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, as well as through the gut barrier and blood brain barrier mediated upward pathways. After epilepsy, the downward pathway mediated by the HPA axis and autonomic nerves triggers “leaky brain “and “leaky gut,” resulting in the formation of microbial structures and enterobacterial metabolites associated with epileptogenicity, re-initiating seizures via the upward pathway. Characteristic changes in microbial and metabolic pathways in the gut of epileptic patients provide new targets for clinical prevention and treatment of epilepsy through the upward pathway. Based on these changes, this review further redescribes the pathogenesis of epilepsy and provides a new direction for its prevention and treatment.
Association between dietary intake of flavonoids and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Haibin , Xi Yang , Gao Sizhe , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between flavonoids intake and chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary flavonoids intake was assessed using a two-day recall questionnaire on dietary intake. CLBP was defined based of self-reported question. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids intake and CLBP. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sedentary behavior time, arthritis, depression, and sleep disorder.

Results

A total of 3,136 adults were included, and 460 participants developed CLBP. After adjusting confounders, compared with the lowest total flavonoids intake tertile (reference group), flavonoids intake with highest tertile (>170 mg) was associated with reduced odds of CLBP [odds ratio (OR) =0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.95]. This relationship of flavonoids intake with CLBP remained statistically significant among participants aged ≥45 years (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.76), with sedentary behavior time of >3 h (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41–0.86), with arthritis (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.29–0.90), depression (OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.24–0.98), and sleep disorder (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.12–0.60).

Conclusion

Higher flavonoids intake was found to be negatively associated with the likelihood of CLBP. For the general adult population, consuming foods rich in flavonoids may be linked to a reduced risk of CLBP.
Lipid accumulation product, poverty income ratio, and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: a mediation analysis based on NHANES (2009–2020)
Authors: Chen Zihao , Ye Haobo , Li Enli , Lin Yuzhe , Jin Chen , Yang Lei
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index and total femur bone mineral density (BMD), while also examining the mediating role of the poverty-income ratio (PIR).

Methods

Using the most recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2009 to 2020, multivariate logistic regression models were employed in this study to investigate the relationship between the LAP index and total femur BMD. Saturation effects and potential non-linear associations were examined using a smooth curve-fitting approach to determine saturation levels. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were also performed. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the mediating role of PIR.

Results

Three thousand two hundred and twenty three participants aged 20 years or older were recruited for this study. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a greater total femur BMD in individuals with a high LAP index. Additionally, analysis of the saturation effect and smooth curve fitting identified a clear saturation effect between the LAP index and total femur BMD. A saturation value of 16.05 was determined when investigating the relationship between the LAP index and total femur BMD. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction effects after adjusting for covariates. Moreover, mediation analysis indicated that the LAP index had a substantial direct effect on total femur BMD (p < 0.0001), with PIR partially mediating this relationship (1.115%, p = 0.0280).

Conclusion

The results of this investigation demonstrated a saturation effect between the LAP index and total femur BMD, which may have been mediated by PIR.
Association between micronutrients and myopia in American adolescents: evidence from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Xiao Kunhong , Chen Ruiye , Lin Rong , Hu Wenyi , Liu Jiahao , Yusufu Mayinuer , Huang Yan , Li Li
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To investigate the associations between circulating micronutrients (vitamins A, C, D, E, and carotenoids) and the risk of myopia.

Methods

A total of 1,620 adolescents from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of micronutrients with myopia and high myopia. Restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to assess the potential nonlinear relationships.

Results

Among the 1,620 adolescents, 549 were diagnosed with myopia. After adjusting for multiple covariates, only cis-β-carotene was significantly associated with the risk of myopia (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.39) and high myopia (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03–2.03). No significant associations were found between vitamins A, D, E, C, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, lutein zeaxanthin, and myopia. No nonlinear relationships were observed between any of the micronutrients and myopia.

Conclusion

Cis-β-carotene is significantly associated with an increased risk of myopia and high myopia. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential impact of cis-β-carotene on ocular health.
Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lan XiaoQian , Xie HongMei , Fu Lan , Peng WenTao
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been widely used for improving psychological symptoms and sleep quality in breast cancer patients and has a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and immunology. Moreover, MBSR is increasingly being used in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) intervention studies for breast cancer patients, but conflicting results also exist.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MBSR on CRF in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A comprehensive computer search of the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Document Service System, China Knowledge Infrastructure Engineering, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before April 10, 2023, were identified. The primary outcome was cancer-related fatigue associated with breast cancer. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis of the outcome indicators was performed using STATA 16.0 software.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included, including 1992 patients (997 patients in the MBSR group and 1015 patients in the control group). Compared with conventional care, MBSR significantly alleviated the symptoms of CRF in breast cancer patients (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.22], z=6.54, p<.01). Under the supervision of experts, the 8-week MBSR had a great influence on CRF, especially in the Asian population.

Conclusions

MBSR is effective in the treatment of CRF induced by breast cancer, and no obvious adverse effects occur; thus, MBSR can be recommended as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for treating CRF in breast cancer patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021245365.
First postnatal lactate blood levels on day 1 and outcome of preterm infants with gestational age <29 weeks
Authors: Zipf Stephanie , Fortmann Ingmar , Härtel Christoph , Andres Oliver , Frieauff Eric , Paul Pia , Häfke Anna , Reutter Heiko , Morhart Patrick , Weller Ursula , Welp Amrei , Kipke Henry , Herting Egbert , Humberg Alexander , Göpel Wolfgang , Hanke Kathrin
Published: October 2024

Background

Serum lactate levels are used as biomarkers for perinatal asphyxia, while their value for outcome prediction in preterm infants is uncertain. It was the aim of this observational study to determine the association of the first postnatal serum-lactate levels on day 1 of life and short-term outcome in preterm infants less than 29 gestational weeks.

Methods

We analysed data in a population-based cohort of German Neonatal Network (GNN) preterm infants with available first postnatal lactate levels enrolled at 22–28 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 1st of April 2009 and 31st December 2020. We hypothesized that high lactate levels as measured in mmol/L increase the risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants with VLBW regardless of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status. Hypotheses were evaluated in univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models.

Results

First postnatal lactate levels were available in 2499 infants. The study population had a median GA of 26.7 [IQR 25.2–27.9] weeks and birth weight of 840 g [IQR 665–995]. Infants with short-term complications such as IVH and BPD had higher initial lactate levels than non-affected infants. The positive predictive value of a lactate cut-off of 4 mmol/L was 0.28 for IVH and 0.30 for BPD. After adjustment for known confounding variables, each 1 mmol/L increase of day 1 lactate levels was associated with a modestly increased risk of IVH (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.37; p = 0.002) and BPD (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.06–1.43; p = 0.005) but not with sepsis or mortality. Notably, SGA was associated with lower risk of any grade and severe IVH (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54–0.85; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

In our observational cohort study higher initial lactate levels were associated with adverse outcome regardless of SGA status. However, the predictive value of lactate cut-off levels such as 4 mmol/L is low.
Bioassay-guided isolation of two antiproliferative metabolites from Pterocarpus indicus Willd. against TGF-β-induced prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Nwe San Yoon , Uttarawichien Tamonwan , Boonsom Teerawat , Thongphichai Wisuwat , Dasuni Wasana Peththa Wadu , Sritularak Boonchoo , Payuhakrit Witchuda , Sukrong Suchada , Towiwat Pasarapa
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of the prostate gland, primarily occurring in aging men, in which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a critical role in prostate cell hyperproliferation and leads to uncomfortable urinary symptoms in BPH patients. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. is well known for its ethnopharmacological applications for treating ailments such as diuresis and bladder stones.

Methods

This study aimed to examine the effect of P. indicus extract (PI extract) on TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cell proliferation, followed by bioassay-guided fractionation to isolate the active metabolites. Angolensin (Ang) and maackiain (Mac) were isolated from bioassay-guided fractionation. Network analysis was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, network analysis of the Ang-Mac combination in BPH highlighted the potential top ten pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Accordingly, subsequent investigation focused on evaluating the effect of PI extract, Ang, Mac, and Ang-Mac combination on the expression of PCNA, p53, and PI3K/AKT protein localization and expression.

Results and discussion

Results revealed inhibition of cell proliferation in TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cells, correlating with downregulated PCNA expression. While PI extract and Mac induced apoptosis via p53 upregulation, Ang and Ang-Mac combination did not significantly affect apoptosis through the p53 pathway. Additionally, both metabolites exhibited potent inhibition of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein localization and expression in the nucleus of TGF-β-induced WPMY-1 cells. This study suggests that PI extract, Ang, and Mac are promising compounds for treating BPH, as evidenced by in silico and in vitro studies. Additionally, Ang and Mac could be used to standardize PI extract in future investigations.
Attractant potential of Enterobacter cloacae and its metabolites to Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Duan Yawen , Li Anjuan , Zhang Lin , Yin Chongwen , Li Zhihong , Liu Lijun
Published: October 2024

Objective

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has a wide host range. It has been the most important quarantine pest in many countries or regions. Currently, chemical control and bait trapping are mainly used in the monitoring, prevention, and control of B. dorsalis. However, chemical control will cause pollution of the environment and drug resistance of insects. Methyl eugenol, the main attractant currently used, can only attract males of B. dorsalis.

Methods

This study focused on the attractant function and active substances of one key intestinal bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae, which was isolated from B. dorsalis.

Results

First, the attraction of the E. cloacae autoclaved supernatant to male and female adults of 0, 6, and 15 days post-emergence was confirmed using a Y-type olfactometer. Subsequently, through metabolome sequencing and bioassays, L-prolinamide was identified and confirmed as the most effective attractant for B. dorsalis. Finally, the synergistic effect of L-prolinamide with the sex attractant ME was validated through field experiments. This study confirmed the attraction effect of E. cloacae on B. dorsalis and also proved the attraction effect of L-prolinamide, the metabolite of E. cloacae, on B. dorsalis. This laid a theoretical foundation for the development of a new attractant and safe, green, and efficient prevention and control technology of B. dorsalis.
Identification of potential auxin response candidate genes for soybean rapid canopy coverage through comparative evolution and expression analysis
Authors: Ferreira Neres Deisiany , Taylor Joseph S. , Bryant John A. , Bargmann Bastiaan O. R. , Wright R. Clay
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Throughout domestication, crop plants have gone through strong genetic bottlenecks, dramatically reducing the genetic diversity in today’s available germplasm. This has also reduced the diversity in traits necessary for breeders to develop improved varieties. Many strategies have been developed to improve both genetic and trait diversity in crops, from backcrossing with wild relatives, to chemical/radiation mutagenesis, to genetic engineering. However, even with recent advances in genetic engineering we still face the rate limiting step of identifying which genes and mutations we should target to generate diversity in specific traits.

Methods

Here, we apply a comparative evolutionary approach, pairing phylogenetic and expression analyses to identify potential candidate genes for diversifying soybean (Glycine max) canopy cover development via the nuclear auxin signaling gene families, while minimizing pleiotropic effects in other tissues. In soybean, rapid canopy cover development is correlated with yield and also suppresses weeds in organic cultivation.

Results and discussion

We identified genes most specifically expressed during early canopy development from the TIR1/AFB auxin receptor, Aux/IAA auxin co-receptor, and ARF auxin response factor gene families in soybean, using principal component analysis. We defined Arabidopsis thaliana and model legume species orthologs for each soybean gene in these families allowing us to speculate potential soybean phenotypes based on well-characterized mutants in these model species. In future work, we aim to connect genetic and functional diversity in these candidate genes with phenotypic diversity in planta allowing for improvements in soybean rapid canopy cover, yield, and weed suppression. Further development of this and similar algorithms for defining and quantifying tissue- and phenotype-specificity in gene expression may allow expansion of diversity in valuable phenotypes in important crops.
Psychological mediators between risk perception and psychological wellbeing in emergency healthcare workers
Authors: Badía Maria del Carmen , Alarcón Rafael , Trillo Javier , Miranda-Páez Jesús
Published: October 2024

Healthcare workers are subjected to numerous work-related stress factors, which have negative consequences on their physical and mental health, making them a vulnerable group. The recent pandemic caused by the new coronavirus created a high demand for attention from healthcare workers, which put their mental health at risk. This study aimed to test a mediation model in which resilience and the satisfaction of psychological needs play a mediating role in risk perception, the attitude toward the management carried out by the administration, emotional intelligence on psychological wellbeing, and depressive symptoms of frontline professionals. The sample consisted of 405 healthcare professionals aged between 22 and 65 years, belonging to critical care units in southern Spain. Linear correlation and mediation analyses were performed. The results showed that psychological wellbeing had positive correlations with resilience and negative correlations with the discrepancy in the satisfaction of psychological needs. Depressive symptoms had negative correlations with resilience and positive correlations with the satisfaction of psychological needs. To explore these results further, a mediation analysis was conducted, and a large set of significant indirect effects was found.
How ChatGPT transformed teachers: the role of basic psychological needs in enhancing digital competence
Authors: Zhou Jinshan , Shen Lihan , Chen Weibang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

With the rapid development of ChatGPT, its application in the field of education has garnered widespread attention. This study aims to explore the impact of ChatGPT on teachers’ digital competence (TDC) and the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS).

Methods

The study was conducted in China, collecting questionnaire data from 632 teachers through the QuestionStar platform. Structural equation modeling was employed using SmartPLS 4.0 to examine the effects of ChatGPT usage on TDC and its relationship with BPNS.

Results

The findings indicate that ChatGPT has a significant effect on TDC, primarily through the fulfillment of competence and relatedness needs, while the impact of autonomy on TDC was not significant.

Discussion

The results indicate that ChatGPT can enhance TDC and improve intrinsic motivation by satisfying their basic psychological needs. It is recommended that the design of educational tools consider teachers’ psychological needs to promote their professional development and well-being. This provides practical guidance for educational institutions, emphasizing the importance of teachers in the digital transformation process.
Negative interaction between emotional vulnerability and depressive symptoms may heighten suicidal ideation among Japanese university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinji , Nagamine Daiki , Murofushi Yuka , Matsuda Kojiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Studies examining the relationships among suicidal ideation, emotional vulnerability, and depressive symptoms are scarce. This study examined the effects of emotional vulnerability and depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation among Japanese university students

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted with 370 Japanese university students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis

Results

In the multiple regression analysis, depressive symptoms were significant (β = .46, p <.001) but emotional vulnerability was not (β = .05, p = .318). A significant interaction emerged between emotional vulnerability and depressive symptoms (β = .22, p <.001). The model’s R2 value was.31 (p <.001). Simple slopes tests revealed the impact of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation, even with low emotional vulnerability (b = .06, β = .27, p <.001), and a higher impact with high emotional vulnerability (b = .15, β = .65, p <.001)

Discussion

The negative interaction between emotional vulnerability and depressive symptoms may heighten suicidal ideation among Japanese university students. Interventions targeting emotional vulnerability may help reduce suicidal ideation and achieve lower suicide rates.
Association between the cardiometabolic index and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES
Authors: Li Deyan , Li Jinli , Li Yijun , Dong Wei , Lin Zhuofeng
Published: October 2024

Background

The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel metabolic biomarker, but research on its association with osteporosis (OP) is limited. The objective of this research was to clarify the relationship between CMI and OP in the older adult population of the United States.

Methods

This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES data 2007–2018 with exclusion of 2011–2012 and 2015–2016 cycles. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between CMI and OP prevalence. Restricted cubic spline curve (RCS) and threshold saturation analyses were performed to explore the nonlinear association between CMI and OP prevalence. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and additional analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings.

Results

The study included 4,191 participants, revealing that those with OP had significantly lower CMI levels. Logistic regression revealed a strong inverse correlation between Log CMI and OP (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59–0.88), which persisted after adjusting for covariates. RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear inverse relationship with the critical threshold at CMI = 0.93. Below this threshold, each unit increase in CMI was associated with a 37% reduction in OP prevalence, but changes above this threshold were not significant. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion

Elevated CMI exhibited a robust inverse correlation with the prevalence of OP in the older adult U.S. population. Maintaining a moderate CMI significantly diminishes the risk of developing OP.