bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extension of a fourth-order damage theory to anisotropic history: Application to ceramic matrix compostites under a multi-axial non-proportional loading
Authors: Baranger Emmanuel
Published: December 2017

Ceramic matrix composites have good thermo-mechanical properties at high or very high temperatures. The alliance of two brittle materials (e.g. SiC fibers and SiC matrix) via an interface allows a pseudo-ductile macroscopic behavior due to crack deviation. The modeling of the crack networks using damage mechanics is not straight forward. The main reason is the presence of a crack network oriented by the loading direction, which is not known a priori. The aim of this paper is to extend an anisotropic damage model able to describe such behaviors to multi-axial loadings. For that, compliance-like tensorial damage variables are used in a thermodynamic potential able to account for crack closure effects. The damage kinematic is initially completely free and imposed by the evolution laws. The key point of the present paper is to account for an anisotropic history of damage. The results obtained are put in relation to alternate torsion tests performed on SiC/SiC tubes and richly instrumented.
Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and metallurgical properties of the explosively bonded 304 stainless steel—CK45 steel
Authors: Khanzadeh Gharah Shiran Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Baygi Seyyed Javad , Kiahoseyni Seyed Rahim , Bakhtiari Hamid , Allah Dadi Mohsen
Published: December 2017

In this research, the effects of heat treatment are studied on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the explosive bonding of 304 stainless steel plates and CK45 carbon steel with a constant explosive load and various standoff distances. The samples are heat treated in a furnace for 2-h and 4-h at 250℃ and 350℃. The results imply that by increasing the standoff distance from 4 to 5 mm, the impact kinetic energy increases and severe plastic deformation occurs in the bonding interface. The metallography results indicate the wave-vortex nature of the interface with the increase of standoff distance. In addition, heat treatment for 2 h at 350℃ leads to an increase in the thicknesses of intermetallic compounds in the interface. Also, the hardness decreases from 271 to 171 Vickers, and from 279 to 195 Vickers with 2 h of heat treatment at 350℃ in samples with standoff distances of 4 and 5 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the strengths of the samples decrease from 449 to 371 MPa, and from 510 to 433 MPa, respectively. Hardness and strength changes occur due to changes in the thickness of the intermetallic area and an increase in grain sizes.
Probabilistic modeling of unified S-N curves for mechanical parts
Authors: Wang Minlong , Liu Xintian , Wang Xiaolan , Wang Yansong
Published: December 2017

This article aims at modeling unified S-N curves based on multifailure modes and stress ratios. Heterogeneous mixture distributions are used to describe life distribution of multifailure modes. Bayes clustering is applied to cluster failure data to avoid convergence to global optima. Derived from regression analysis, failure data are compensated by nonrandom error. The relationship between distribution parameters and stress is established, and the ultimately unified probabilistic S-N curve is modeled. Two assumptions are presented to modify an original S-N curve model with varied stress ratios. The first one is to take into account the effects of low-amplitude load “exercising,” which we call results in the “pseudo-fatigue damage.” The other one is to set up probability density function of fatigue limit considering uncertainty. Combined with material parameters modification, thus a new modified and unified S-N curves model is available for not only researchers, but engineers as well.
Police Officers’ Attitudes Toward Citizens in China
Authors: Liu Lin , Sun Ivan Y. , Liu Jianhong
Published: December 2017

Although a substantial number of studies have examined public attitudes toward the police, a relatively thin line of research has assessed police attitudes toward the citizenry in China. Using survey data collected from a sample of approximately 200 Chinese police officers, the current study examined the effects of police officers’ demographic characteristics, socialization and experience factors, and role orientations on officers’ attitudes toward citizen virtue, citizen cooperation with the police, and citizen input in police work. Results indicated that background and experience characteristics were ineffective in predicting the three aspects of officer attitudes toward citizens. Crime-fighting and service orientations were found to be related to officers’ attitudes toward the citizenry. Findings of this study enhance our understanding of police occupational attitudes in China and provide valuable implications for policy and future research.
Conflict in Teams: Modeling Early and Late Conflict States and the Interactive Effects of Conflict Processes
Authors: Maltarich Mark A. , Kukenberger Michael , Reilly Greg , Mathieu John
Published: December 2017

We introduce a model of teams’ early and late conflict states, conflict processes, and performance. In a study of 529 individuals in 145 teams, we provide a theoretical framework and empirically test a series of hypotheses pertaining to the influence of conflict states, including task and relationship conflict, on performance, as well as the moderating effect of two conflict processes (cooperative and competitive management approaches). We address inconsistencies in the literature related to the effect of team conflict, specifically task conflict, within teams. Our results suggest that task conflict in the end of a team’s life cycle, like relationship conflict, can have a significant negative effect on performance, but only when teams’ conflict management approaches are competitive (rather than cooperative). We also provide evidence that conflict management approaches are affected by the type of conflict teams exhibit in their early life cycle stages. Thus, we present a study of how early levels of conflict types affect conflict management approaches, and how these approaches affect later levels of the conflict type/performance relationship. Our model suggests that conflict types and conflict management approaches should be modeled together to better understand team conflict.
Effective Recruitment of Schools for Randomized Clinical Trials: Role of School Nurses
Authors: Petosa R. L. , Smith L.
Published: December 2017

In school settings, nurses lead efforts to improve the student health and well-being to support academic success. Nurses are guided by evidenced-based practice and data to inform care decisions. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the gold standard of scientific rigor for clinical trials. RCTs are critical to the development of evidence-based health promotion programs in schools. The purpose of this article is to present practical solutions to implementing principles of randomization to RCT trials conducted in school settings. Randomization is a powerful sampling method used to build internal and external validity. The school’s daily organization and educational mission provide several barriers to randomization. Based on the authors’ experience in conducting school-based RCTs, they offer a host of practical solutions to working with schools to successfully implement randomization procedures. Nurses play a critical role in implementing RCTs in schools to promote rigorous science in support of evidence-based practice.
Comparison of Adherence to the 2013 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline in a Teaching Versus Nonteaching Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Cheng-Lai Angela , Snead Jessica , Ng Christina , Verges Caroline , Chung Philip
Published: December 2017

Background: Little information is available regarding prescribers’ adherence rate to the 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) cholesterol guideline, especially that from a teaching versus a nonteaching setting. Objectives: We aim to evaluate adherence rates to the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline in a teaching versus a nonteaching practice site. In addition, the impact of a pharmacist-led seminar on adherence rate to the guideline was assessed. Methods: This study is a 2-part retrospective chart review. Part 1 consists of patients who were initiated on statin therapy between December 2013 and November 2014. Patients were analyzed to determine if they received concordant statin therapy as recommended by the guideline. For the second part, we evaluated the impact of a seminar on the adherence rate to the guideline. Results: Of the 325 patients who received a statin prescription, 233 were included in the study. Prescriber adherence to the guideline was 42.9%, which was significantly lower than the 65.8% observed in a study previously conducted at a teaching outpatient clinic ( P < 0.0001). For the second part of our study, prescriber adherence to the guideline 3 months before the pharmacist-led seminar was 53.5%, and this adherence rate remained virtually unchanged at 54.2% at 3 months after the educational session. Conclusion: The overall adherence rate to the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline from this nonteaching outpatient clinic was significantly lower than that previously observed in a teaching outpatient clinic. The single pharmacist-led seminar did not significantly affect prescribers’ adherence rate to the guideline.
Audit on the Use of Dangerous Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations in Paper Compared to Electronic Medication Orders: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Cheung Stephanie , Hoi Sannifer , Fernandes Olavo , Huh Jin , Kynicos Sara , Murphy Laura , Lowe Donna
Published: December 2017

Background: Dangerous abbreviations on the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada’s “Do Not Use” list have resulted in medication errors leading to harm. Data comparing rates of use of dangerous abbreviations in paper and electronic medication orders are limited. Objective: To compare rates of use of dangerous abbreviations from the “Do Not Use” list, in paper and electronic medication orders. Secondary objectives include determining the proportion of patients at risk for medication errors due to dangerous abbreviations and the most commonly used dangerous abbreviations. Methods: One-day cross-sectional audits of medication orders were conducted at a 6-site hospital network in Toronto, Canada, between December 2013 and January 2014. Proportions of paper and electronic medication orders containing dangerous abbreviation(s) were compared using a χ2 test. The proportion of patients with at least 1 medication order containing dangerous abbreviation(s) and the top 5 dangerous abbreviations used were described. Results: Overall, 255 patient charts were reviewed. The proportions of paper and electronic medication orders containing dangerous abbreviation(s) were 172/714 (24.1%) and 9/2207 (0.4%), respectively ( P < 0.001). Almost one-third of patients had medication order(s) containing dangerous abbreviation(s). The proportions of patients with at least 1 medication order during the audit period containing dangerous abbreviation(s) for patients with paper only, electronic only, or a hybrid of paper and electronic medication orders were 50.5%, 5%, and 47.2%, respectively. Those most commonly used were “D/C”, drug name abbreviations, “OD,” “cc,” and “U.” Conclusions: Electronic medication orders have significantly lower rates of dangerous abbreviation use compared to paper medication orders.
The Incredible Years® Programs for ADHD in Young Children: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Authors: Murray Desiree W. , Lawrence Jacqueline R. , LaForett Doré R.
Published: December 2017

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Incredible Years® (IY) programs for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 3 to 8 years based on a systematic literature review. Effects of IY programs for children with or at risk for ADHD are examined in addition to the impact on ADHD behaviors in young children identified as having conduct problems or disruptive behavior. Search strategies identified 17 publications reflecting 11 unique intervention studies, including three with samples demonstrating elevated ADHD symptoms or meeting criteria for ADHD. Effects on ADHD outcomes, primarily parent report, were positive and comparable to those seen for conduct problems; benefits were also seen on social skills. Smaller and more variable effects were seen on observational measures and teacher reports. The overall methodological strength of this literature was relatively strong, although lack of fidelity measurement is a weakness. Using criteria established by the American Psychological Association’s Division 53 (Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology), the IY Basic Parent Program may be considered Probably Efficacious for young children at risk for ADHD. In addition, the combined IY parent and child treatment programs can be considered Possibly Efficacious for children aged 4 to 6 years with ADHD, based on one study by the developer with a diagnosed sample.
Psychometric Properties of Two Short Versions of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits Among Incarcerated Youth
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , Hawes Samuel W. , Ray James V.
Published: December 2017

Accumulating evidence shows callous–unemotional (CU) traits to delineate a subgroup of youth with unique etiological underpinnings to their conduct problems. Due to its inclusion as a conduct disorder specifier in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5), research that evaluates the psychometric properties of measures used to assess this construct is essential. The present study contributes to this area of investigation by examining two recently developed brief versions (10- and 12-item) of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU) among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( N = 221). Each of these shortened versions demonstrated evidence in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent/discriminant validity with theoretically meaningful constructs. In line with prior research, there was evidence of unique correlations between separate ICU subscales and several outcomes of interest. Study findings indicate that the two shortened versions of the ICU, and particularly the ICU-12, may offer researchers and clinicians a relatively brief and psychometrically sound means of assessing CU traits.
Dichorionic Twins Discordant for Massive Perivillous Fibrinoid Deposition: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Faye-Petersen Ona , Sauder Adrienne , Estrella Ydamis , Heller Debra S.
Published: December 2017

Massive perivillous fibrinoid deposition (MFD) and maternal floor infarction (MFI) are lesions of unknown etiology associated with poor perinatal outcomes, including fetal intrauterine growth restriction and neurodevelopmental injury, high risks of pregnancy loss, and recurrence in subsequent gestations. MFI comprises massive intervillous fibrinoid deposition concentrated at the maternal floor. MFD is a similar lesion but is diffuse within the parenchyma. MFD/MFI lesions represent a spectrum of severity of cloak-like perivillous fibrinoid deposition, and there is mounting evidence that, often, they represent sequelae of immune-mediated phenomena and/or an imbalance in factors that normally maintain the fluidity of blood in the maternal space. There are only a handful of reported instances of discordant MFD/MFI occurrence in twin placentas. We present a fourth such occurrence in a fused, dichorionic diamniotic twin placenta and submit that our dizygotic twin gestation case provides additional supportive evidence that immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the formation of pathological accumulations of fibrinoid, at least in some cases.
Malignant Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor of the Kidney With 2 Simultaneous Renal Carcinomas in a Male Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Arriola Aileen Grace P. , Taylor Benjamin L. , Ma Sophia , Malkowicz S. Bruce , Lal Priti
Published: December 2017

The majority of mixed epithelial and stromal tumors (MEST) of the kidney are benign entities found in female patients. Malignant MEST of the kidney is an extremely rare entity that often behaves clinically similar to an undifferentiated sarcoma. We report a case of a malignant MEST with synchronous papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in a 61-year-old Caucasian man who presented with an incidental finding of a left renal mass on workup for back pain. The patient underwent a left radical nephrectomy, with histopathology confirming a malignant MEST, intimately associated papillary RCC, and separate adjacent focus of clear cell RCC.
Functional Ulnar Nerve Paraganglioma: First Documented Occurrence in the Extremity With Hitherto Undescribed Associated Extensive Glomus Cell Hyperplasia and Tumorlet Formation
Authors: Chow Louis Tsun Cheung , Chan Michael Ho Ming , Wong Simon Kwok Chuen
Published: December 2017

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma has never been described in the extremities. A 34-year-old woman complained of an enlarging mass in the right forearm for 18 months. Imaging showed a circumscribed vascular tumor attached to the ulnar nerve; biopsy revealed features of paraganglioma. The resected tumor consisted of zellballen pattern of chief cells staining positively for chromogranin with surrounding S100-positive sustentacular cells. The chief cells contained many neurosecretory granules and mitochondria, whereas the sustentacular cells contained a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and some microfilaments. There was adjacent extensive glomus cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation. The intraoperative blood pressure dropped abruptly on tumor removal. The serum normetanephrine level decreased from a preoperative level of 1987 pg/mL (normal < 149 pg/mL) to normal after operation. The patient admitted on questioning to a history of paroxysmal attacks of transient palpitation, hand tremors, and sweating; imaging showed no evidence of tumor in other parts of the body, and there was no family history of similar tumor; she remained well 33 months after the operation. This occurrence of functional ulnar nerve paraganglioma with the hitherto undescribed associated glomus cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation attests to the probable existence of normal sympathetic paraganglia in the extremity and their intimate functional relationship with glomus bodies.
Chinese and European American Undergraduates’ Perceptions of Maternal Warmth and Negativity as Predictors of Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Davis Alexandra N. , Rudy Duane , Su-Russell Chang , Zhang Chenyi
Published: December 2017

This study examined whether culture moderated the associations between Chinese and European American undergraduates’ perceptions of parental warmth and negativity, and how these perceptions predicted undergraduates’ levels of self-esteem and subsequent life satisfaction. Participants consisted of 207 undergraduates (95 female, 112 male) from Wuhu, Anhui, China, and 129 (75 female, 54 male) European American undergraduates from Columbia, Missouri, the United States. Path analyses were conducted to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in the associations between parental warmth and negativity and young adults’ life satisfaction. Maternal warmth and negativity were more strongly negatively associated in the European American group than in the Chinese group; moreover, both warmth and negativity predicted self-esteem in the Chinese group, but only negativity predicted self-esteem in the European American group. Self-esteem significantly predicted life satisfaction in both groups, but the association was significantly stronger in the European American group. The results suggest cultural differences in the links between parental warmth and negativity, self-esteem, and subsequent life satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to consider parental warmth and negativity as separate constructs, because their associations with each other and with children’s levels of adjustment may vary across cultures.
Initial Validation of the Parent-Report Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES) in a Chinese Cultural Context
Authors: Guo Mingchun , Morawska Alina , Filus Ania
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to validate a parent-report measure of child adjustment and parenting efficacy (Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale [CAPES]) in a Chinese cultural context. Six hundred and fifty Chinese parents in China participated in the study and completed a set of questionnaires including the CAPES, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), and the Parenting and Family Adjustment Scales (PAFAS). The factorial, convergent, and concurrent validity as well as internal consistency were evaluated. The results provided support for a new 2-factor structure of child behavioral and emotional adjustment. The 1-factor structure of parenting efficacy was confirmed. The three constructs obtained satisfactory internal consistency. Moreover, the CAPES scores correlated significantly with the SDQ, PSOC, and PAFAS in the expected pattern, which indicated its excellent convergent and concurrent validity. Therefore, it is a promising measure, due to its brevity and comprehensiveness, with the first indications of satisfactory internal consistency and validity among Chinese parents. However, a revision of the instrument is needed to avoid the ordering effects of positive and negative items, and further hypothesis-driven research is also needed to validate the (revised) instrument in different Chinese samples.
Resilience Style Questionnaire: Development and Validation Among College Students and Cardiac Patients in Hong Kong
Authors: Mak Winnie W. S. , Ng Ivy S. W. , Wong Celia C. Y. , Law Rita W.
Published: December 2017

The present research aims to develop and validate a measure of resilience that reflects the influence of Confucian philosophies and Chinese cultural lay beliefs. Based on a representative sample of 1,419 college students from universities and a clinical sample of 214 cardiac patients in Hong Kong, reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity of the Resilience Style Questionnaire (RSQ) were examined. A two-factor structure of the RSQ was explored and validated in both samples. Results showed that the two factors of the RSQ (i.e., perseverance and optimistic approach to life) were significantly associated with a variety of mental health indicators in both samples. Furthermore, the RSQ explained additional variances above and beyond those explained by the Ego-Resiliency Scale, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale in multiple mental health indicators among college students and cardiac patients. These findings showed that the RSQ is a reliable and valid tool in assessing resilience among Chinese and other groups influenced by Confucianism.
The Japanese Version of the Adolescent Time Inventory–Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) Scale: Internal Consistency, Structural Validity, and Convergent Validity
Authors: Chishima Yuta , Murakami Tatsuya , Worrell Frank C. , Mello Zena R.
Published: December 2017

In this study, we translated the Adolescent Time Inventory–Time Attitudes (ATI-TA) scale into Japanese and examined the internal consistency and structural and convergent validity of ATI-TA scores in a sample of 383 Japanese high school students aged 15 to 18 years. The ATI-TA consists of six subscales assessing two valences (positive and negative) for each of three time periods (past, present, and future). Internal consistency estimates for scores on the ATI-TA were over .79. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a six-factor model yielded the best fit to scores. Correlations among ATI-TA scores, time attitudes assessed by the semantic differential method, educational career planning, and self-esteem were consistent with our hypotheses. Our results provide evidence that scores on the Japanese version of the ATI-TA are reliable and valid, and thus potentially useful for research in this cultural context.
The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30: An Examination of a Bifactor Model and Measurement Invariance Among Men and Women in a Community Sample
Authors: Fergus Thomas A. , Bardeen Joseph R.
Published: December 2017

The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30 (MCQ-30) is a self-report measure that assesses metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about thinking). Prior research has supported a correlated five-factor model, but no known published study has examined the tenability of second-order or bifactor models of the MCQ-30. Results supported a bifactor model of the MCQ-30 in a sample of community adults from the United States ( N = 785), as well as separately among men ( n = 372) and women ( n = 413). Multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis supported the configural and metric/scalar invariance of the bifactor model among men and women. Results further supported the incremental validity of one of the MCQ-30 domain-specific factors in accounting for unique variance in an index of health anxiety beyond the general metacognition factor. Results provide support for a bifactor conceptualization of the MCQ-30 and the invariance of that model across men and women.
Challenges and Developments in the Assessment of (Mal)adaptive Personality and Pathological States in Older Adults
Authors: Rossi Gina , Videler Arjan , van Alphen S. P. J.
Published: December 2017

Since older adults often show an atypical presentation of (mal)adaptive personality traits and pathological states, the articles in this special issue will concisely discuss some perennial issues in clinical assessment in older adults and thus outline the main challenges this domain faces. By bringing empirical work and meta-analytic studies from leading scholars in the field of geropsychology, the articles will also address these challenges by reporting the latest developments in the field. This way, we hope to reshape the way clinicians and researchers assess (mal)adaptive personality and pathological states in older adults into a more reliable and valid assessment method that integrates the specific biopsychosocial context of older age.
The Attitudes About Parenting Strategies for Anxiety Scale: A Measure of Parenting Attitudes About Protective and Intrusive Behavior
Authors: Kiel Elizabeth J. , Wagers Keshia B. , Luebbe Aaron M.
Published: December 2017

Protective and intrusive parenting behaviors consistently relate to children’s anxiety development. We present two studies describing the development of the Attitudes about Parenting Strategies for Anxiety (APSA) scale, which assesses parent distress about children’s displays of anxiety and shyness as well as parent attitudes about the effectiveness of protective and intrusive responses across several domains. Study 1 included 594 parents who completed the APSA and additional measures online and established the factor structure, internal reliability, and validity of the measure. We also performed a latent profile analysis of the attitude items to understand common patterns and their correlates. Study 2 comprised 108 mothers participating in a laboratory-based study and provided additional evidence for the factor structure, reliability, and validity, as well as 1-year stability. The APSA appears to be a reliable and valid measure that could have utility for understanding the determinants of parenting behaviors relevant to child anxiety development.
Plasticity in the Working Memory System: Life Span Changes and Response to Injury
Authors: Froudist-Walsh Sean , López-Barroso Diana , José Torres-Prioris María , Croxson Paula L. , Berthier Marcelo L.
Published: December 2017

Working memory acts as a key bridge between perception, long-term memory, and action. The brain regions, connections, and neurotransmitters that underlie working memory undergo dramatic plastic changes during the life span, and in response to injury. Early life reliance on deep gray matter structures fades during adolescence as increasing reliance on prefrontal and parietal cortex accompanies the development of executive aspects of working memory. The rise and fall of working memory capacity and executive functions parallels the development and loss of neurotransmitter function in frontal cortical areas. Of the affected neurotransmitters, dopamine and acetylcholine modulate excitatory-inhibitory circuits that underlie working memory, are important for plasticity in the system, and are affected following preterm birth and adult brain injury. Pharmacological interventions to promote recovery of working memory abilities have had limited success, but hold promise if used in combination with behavioral training and brain stimulation. The intense study of working memory in a range of species, ages and following injuries has led to better understanding of the intrinsic plasticity mechanisms in the working memory system. The challenge now is to guide these mechanisms to better improve or restore working memory function.
Thrombin Receptor Agonist Peptide–Induced Platelet Aggregation Is Reduced in Patients Receiving Dabigatran
Authors: Nehaj Frantisek , Sokol Juraj , Mokan Michal , Ivankova Jela , Mokan Maros
Published: December 2017

The availability of direct oral anticoagulants has caused a paradigm shift in thrombosis management. The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran seems to obstruct tenase complex by inhibiting thrombin generated in the initial phase and feed back to the amplification phase of cell-based coagulation reactions. However, it is still not fully understood if and how dabigatran impact platelet function. This observational study aimed to assess in vitro platelet function in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving dabigatran. Platelet aggregability was tested with platelet-rich plasma using platelet aggregometry (PACKS-4 aggregometer). Blood samples were stimulated with thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP; 32 μmol/L).

Results:

A total of 28 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled. The mean age was 71.57 (9.75) years (range: 50-87 years), 16 patients were women, and the mean CHA2DS2VASc score was 3.93 (1.41). All patients began treatment with dabigatran as initial anticoagulant treatment. The minimum term use of dabigatran was 18 days. Dabigatran doses were 110 mg (57.14%) or 150 mg (42.86%) twice daily. The TRAP-induced platelet aggregation was significantly lower 2 hours after taking dabigatran compared to baseline value (79.39 [13.38] vs 90.14 [10.5]).

Conclusion:

The TRAP-induced platelet aggregation was reduced in cardiovascular patients 2 hours after receiving dabigatran. Our findings could have some important clinical implications because platelet aggregation and coagulation cascade are affected at the same time.
Usefulness of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Predicting In-Stent Restenosis Among Patients Undergoing Revascularization With Bare-Metal Stents
Authors: Kurtul Alparslan
Published: December 2017

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention and has been linked to specific clinical and angiographic variables. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of preprocedural CHA2DS2-VASc score on ISR in patients undergoing revascularization with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation for stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. In the years 2012 to 2014, a total of 358 consecutive patients (mean age: 62.36 ± 11.28 years and 62.2% men) who had undergone successful BMS implantation were included in the study. All patients underwent stent implantation at admission to our center and had another coronary angiography performed due to recurrence of the symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia and/or a stress test indicating ischemia. The patients were divided into 2 groups—ISR (n = 166) and non-ISR (n = 192). Angiographic ISR was defined as narrowing ≥50% in the stented coronary artery segment at follow-up angiography. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.42 ± 1.35 (range 1-7). The CHA2DS2-VASc scores and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were higher in the ISR group compared to the non-ISR group. At multivariable analysis, CHA2DS2-VASc score (odds ratio [OR]: 2.004, 95% confidence interval: 1.361-2.949, P < .001), total stent length (OR: 1.093, P = .001), stent diameter (OR: 0.129, P < .001), and hs-CRP (OR: 1.224, P < .001) emerged as independent risk factors for ISR. In conclusion, preprocedural CHA2DS2-VASc is an easily calculated score that provides an additional level of risk stratification beyond that provided by conventional risk factors. Thus, this score can be used as a simple and effective tool to predict ISR in patients undergoing BMS implantation.
Deployment Status and Child Neglect Types in the U.S. Army
Authors: Cozza Stephen J. , Whaley Gloria L. , Fisher Joscelyn E. , Zhou Jing , Ortiz Claudio D. , McCarroll James E. , Fullerton Carol S. , Ursano Robert J.
Published: December 2017

Increases in combat deployments have been associated with rises in rates of child neglect in U.S. military families. Although various types of child neglect have been described in military families, it is unknown whether deployment status is associated with specific types of child neglect and whether other factors, such as substance misuse, play a role. To determine the contribution of service member deployment status to the risk of specific child neglect types, data were collected from 390 substantiated U.S. Army child neglect case files. The contributions of deployment status at the time of the neglect incident and parental alcohol or drug-related misuse to risk of neglect types were examined controlling for military family rank and child age. Compared to never deployed families, families with a service member concurrently deployed at the time of the neglect incident were at higher risk for failure to provide physical needs, lack of supervision, and educational neglect, but at lower risk for emotional neglect. Being previously deployed incurred risk for moral–legal neglect. Substance misuse added risk for moral–legal and educational neglect. Findings indicate the need for tailored prevention strategies to target different periods within the deployment cycle.
Modeling Partisan Media Effects in the 2014 U.S. Midterm Elections
Authors: Warner Benjamin R.
Published: December 2017

This study tested partisan media effects in the 2014 U.S. midterm elections. A survey was distributed to 992 residents of Georgia, Iowa, and North Carolina. A novel multigroup latent variable structural equation model tested the direct, indirect, and conditional effects of political interest, partisan media use, political information efficacy, and partisanship on affective polarization. Findings demonstrated a polarizing effect of pro-partisan media, a depolarizing effect of cross-cutting media, and an indirect effect of political interest on polarization through partisan media use. There was no evidence that the effects of partisan media were mediated through political confidence or moderated by partisanship.
Imitation as Flattery: How TV News Parody’s Media Criticism Can Influence Perceived News Media Importance and Media Trust
Authors: Peifer Jason T.
Published: December 2017

This study explores how exposure to news parody commentary and perceived news media importance (PNMI) can influence trust in the press. A two-wave experiment ( N = 331) exposed participants to news parody stimuli, measuring different facets of media trust and PNMI 1 week before and immediately after the parody exposure. Results demonstrate mediated processes of influence, wherein parody’s implicit commentary about the press (compared to explicit, negative criticism of the news media) promotes greater PNMI, which in turn fosters increased trust in the press. This research ultimately highlights how news parody’s flattering imitations can enhance perceptions of the news media.
No-Majority Communities: Racial Diversity and Change at the Local Level
Authors: Farrell Chad R. , Lee Barrett A.
Published: December 2017

The United States is experiencing a profound increase in racial and ethnic diversity, although its communities are experiencing the trend differently depending on their size and location. Using census data from 1980 to 2010, we focus on a subset of highly diverse local jurisdictions in which no ethnoracial group makes up more than half of the population. We track the prevalence, emergence, and characteristics of these no-majority places, finding that they are rapidly increasing in number and are home to substantial and growing shares of the Black, Latino, and Asian populations. Transitions in no-majority places varied considerably over time. Older cohorts of places that became no-majority decades ago moved toward Latino or Black majorities, whereas those in recent cohorts tended to persist as no-majority places. Most of these communities continued to diversify in the decades after first becoming no-majority and remain quite diverse today. However, the shift toward no-majority status was often accompanied by large White population declines.
Is “Gaytrification” a Real Phenomenon?
Authors: Christafore David , Leguizamon Susane
Published: December 2017

Gentrification is an oft-sought solution to urban blight, and it has been proposed, for various reasons, that the presence of gays and lesbians is associated with an increased probability that an area will gentrify. Using census tract-level data from the 30 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the United States, we find that areas with more same-sex coupled households do, indeed, have a higher predicted probability of gentrifying from 2000 to 2010. A 1 percentage point increase in the number of same-sex coupled households is associated with an almost 2% to 3% increase in the probability of gentrification. We define gentrification as a change in the relative standing of a census tract with respect to average income and/or housing prices, and this finding is robust to various definitions of gentrification within these categories. This influence is persistent after controlling for family size, household income, the presence of different-sex, unmarried couples, and access to amenities.
Interstitial lung disease following FOLFOX + FOLFIRI and bevacizumab therapy associated with leucovorin: A case report
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Kozakai Hiromi , Yamada Hitoshi , Nagai Kazuhiko , Furukawa Tomoyasu , Aizawa Kikuo
Published: December 2017

Chemotherapy-induced interstitial lung disease in colorectal cancer patients is rare but represents a life-threatening adverse reaction. We report here a case of interstitial lung disease following chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer and the interesting results of the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test and leukocyte migration test. After chemotherapy with oxaliplatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFOX) plus bevacizumab followed by irinotecan plus infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFIRI), the patient was hospitalized with fever and chills. Laboratory data showed neutropenia and eosinophilia. Computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities in both lungs; therefore, we diagnosed chemotherapy-induced interstitial lung disease. Steroid therapy was effective. We suspected irinotecan to be the etiological drug for interstitial lung disease in this patient because interstitial lung disease developed after switching the regimen from FOLFOX to FOLFIRI. However, drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test and leukocyte migration test results were positive for only leucovorin and negative for irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil. This is the first case to show positive results on the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test and leukocyte migration test for only leucovorin and negative results for antineoplastic drugs. Our findings suggest that all drugs included in chemotherapy regimens have the potential to induce interstitial lung disease, and if rechallenge chemotherapy is considered, the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test and leukocyte migration test are expected to be useful for determining the drug that needs to be excluded.
Assessing Sexual Interest in Children Using the Go/No-Go Association Test
Authors: Bartels Ross M. , Beech Anthony R. , Harkins Leigh , Thornton David
Published: December 2017

The present study investigated whether a latency-based Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT) could be used as an indirect measure of sexual interest in children. A sample of 29 individuals with a history of exclusive extrafamilial offenses against a child and 15 individuals with either a history of exclusive intrafamilial or mixed offenses (i.e., against both adults and children) were recruited from a treatment center in the United States. Also, a sample of 26 nonoffenders was recruited from a university in the United Kingdom. All participants completed the Sexual Fantasy-GNAT, a Control-GNAT, and two self-report measures of sexual fantasy. It was hypothesized that, relative to the two comparison groups, the extrafamilial group would respond faster on the block that paired “sexual fantasy” and “children.” Also, GNAT scores were expected to correlate with child-related sexual fantasies. Support was found for both hypotheses. Response-latency indices were also found to effectively distinguish the extrafamilial group, as well as those who self-reported using child-related sexual fantasies. The implications of these findings, along with the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Volunteering With Sex Offenders: The Attitudes of Volunteers Toward Sex Offenders, Their Treatment, and Rehabilitation
Authors: Kerr Nathan , Tully Ruth J. , Völlm Birgit
Published: December 2017

The general public has been shown to hold negative attitudes toward sexual offenders, sex offender treatment, and the rehabilitation of sexual offenders. It appears pertinent to the success of sex offender management strategies that utilise volunteers that selected volunteers do not share these attitudes. Here, volunteers for Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA), a community-based initiative supporting the reintegration of sex offenders, completed three validated psychometric measures assessing attitudes toward sex offenders in general and toward their treatment and rehabilitation. Responses were compared with a U.K. general public sample. The results showed that volunteers held more positive attitudes toward sex offenders, sex offender treatment, and sex offender rehabilitation than the U.K. general public sample. The significance of these findings is discussed alongside directions for future research.
Three Central Dimensions of Sexual Recidivism Risk: Understanding the Latent Constructs of Static-99R and Static-2002R
Authors: Brouillette-Alarie Sébastien , Proulx Jean , Hanson R. Karl
Published: December 2017

The most commonly used risk assessment tools for predicting sexual violence focus almost exclusively on static, historical factors. Consequently, they are assumed to be unable to directly inform the selection of treatment targets, or evaluate change. However, researchers using latent variable models have identified three dimensions in static actuarial scales for sexual offenders: Sexual Criminality, General Criminality, and a third dimension centered on young age and aggression to strangers. In the current study, we examined the convergent and predictive validity of these dimensions, using psychological features of the offender (e.g., antisocial traits, hypersexuality) and recidivism outcomes. Results indicated that (a) Sexual Criminality was related to dysregulation of sexuality toward atypical objects, without intent to harm; (b) General Criminality was related to antisocial traits; and (c) Youthful Stranger Aggression was related to a clear intent to harm the victim. All three dimensions predicted sexual recidivism, although only General Criminality and Youthful Stranger Aggression predicted nonsexual recidivism. These results indicate that risk tools for sexual violence are multidimensional, and support a shift from an exclusive focus on total scores to consideration of subscales measuring psychologically meaningful constructs.
“It’s Not Something I Chose You Know”: Making Sense of Pedophiles’ Sexual Interest in Children and the Impact on Their Psychosexual Identity
Authors: Blagden Nicholas James , Mann Ruth , Webster Stephen , Lee Rachael , Williams Fiona
Published: December 2017

Sexual interest in children is one of the most strongly predictive of the known risk factors for sexual reconviction. It is an important aspect of risk assessment to identify the presence of such interest, and an important task for treatment providers to address such a sexual interest where it is present. It has been argued that understanding pedophiles’ deviant sexual interest in children can enhance risk assessment, management, and treatment planning. This research study aims to explore the phenomenology of deviant sexual interest in children, the impact it has on pedophilic offenders’ identities, and their views on the treatability of that interest. The study used semistructured interviews and repertory grids to make sense of participants’ experiences. The results revealed three superordinate themes: “‘living’ with a deviant sexual interest,” “relational sexual self,” and “possible and feared sexual self.” The analysis unpacks these themes and repertory grid analysis is used to explore a subset of participants’ identities in more detail. The results reveal that there needs to be an acceptance from both client and therapist that their sexual interest in children may never go away. Through this acceptance, clients could work on enhancing sexual self-regulation, recognizing their triggers, and so managing their sexual thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Implications for treatment are also discussed.
Sex Offenders in Prison: Are They Socially Isolated?
Authors: van den Berg Chantal , Beijersbergen Karin , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja
Published: December 2017

Empirical literature has revealed that social isolation can affect the rehabilitation of sex offenders after serving their sentence. This process of social isolation can already start during incarceration due to strained relationships with fellow prisoners and correctional staff. The current study examined to what extent sex offenders felt socially isolated during incarceration, using survey and registered conviction data on a large sample of male adult prisoners from the Prison Project. It was found that support from and relationships with correctional officers and fellow prisoners were perceived less positive by sex offenders than nonsex offenders. No evidence was found for higher levels of loneliness in sex offenders compared with prisoners convicted for a nonsexual offense. In sum, although the effects were small, sex offenders reported more social isolation during imprisonment compared with nonsex offenders.
Sexual Abuse Within Employment Settings: A Comparison of Work-Related, Intra- and Extra-Familial Child Molesters
Authors: Falkenbach Diana M. , Foehse Antonia , Jeglic Elizabeth , Calkins Cynthia , Raymaekers Linsey
Published: December 2017

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious problem not only in the community but also in institutional settings such as youth-serving organizations, churches, and schools. Although research has started to examine the problem of abuse in institutional settings, there remains a dearth of information about the nature and context of CSA in different employment settings, including those that do not specifically cater to children. In addition, research on the similarities and differences between perpetrators who work with children and other sex offenders is scarce. As such, the present study compared offenders on variables relating to financial/employment lifestyle stability, risk/dangerousness level, abuse opportunity, and victim selection. Data revealed that child abusers who worked with children tended to be better educated, were less likely to be married, had fewer nonsexual convictions, and were more likely to abuse male post-pubescent children compared with intra- and extra-familial offenders who did not work with children. Implications for future research, prevention of CSA, and clinical practice are discussed.