bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLEMENTARITY OF FDI AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF GHANA: ANALYSIS OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Yeboah Evans
Published: August 2020

Foreign direct investment inflows into Ghana have been a major source of economic growth transformation. Many investing countries aspire to provide Ghana’s economy with new models and direction for development alternatives to foreign aid which will in effect benefit both nations. Given the government’s intention of transforming most agriculture products into finished commodities other than exporting these commodi-ties in their raw states, a new set of incentives and policies to attract investors into the agriculture sector have been initiated. This consists of farming for food provision and employment generation in a bid to moderating the high rate of unemployment aside depending on the normal farming methods. This study sets to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment in the agriculture sector on employment generation. The paper argues that employment created in the agriculture sector was attained through the number of registered projects allocated to various sectors within the Ghanaian economy categorized by the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre. Methodologically, this study utilizes a statistical descriptive approach that backs a summary of the com-plementary analysis of foreign direct investment inflow quantitatively using data on FDI inflows from 2013 to 2018. The result shows that the percentage share of the total number of registered projects allocated and employment created in the agriculture sector through FDI is very low compared to sectors like the manufacturing and service. It was also discovered that the agriculture sector contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the late 90s weighed much higher than the other sectors and contin-uous decline in the 2000s. It is recommended that investors should enter into the agri-culture sector since there are many benefits.
NEWSPAPER PHOTOGRAPHS’ INFLUENCE ON MADE IN NIGERIA PRODUCTS PATRONAGE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Emman-Owums Owuamalam , Okonkwo Chizoba P. , Ugboaja Stanley U.
Published: August 2020

Pictures they say worth more than a thousand words. Photographs have gained a worldwide acceptance in terms of its usage in newspapers to stimulate the sales of goods and services based on its immense prowess to establish a mental picture in the mind of readers. This study examines newspaper photographs influence on made-in-Nigeria products patronage in Anambra State. The uses and gratifications theory was adopted as the core theoretical framework for this study. The study adopted survey research method with four hundred copies of questionnaire administered to respond-ents across five major cities in Anambra State. The study found that the regular usage of photographs on made-in-Nigeria product campaign by the newspapers have prompted many people to patronize locally made products. Therefore, this study rec-ommends that the use of photographs on made-in-Nigeria products’ campaign should be integrated or replicated on the various newspapers online platforms since majority of the respondents chose online, as their ideal source of accessing newspapers. Also, the study recommends that the federal government should ensure that the newspapers are constantly presenting pictures of quality made-in-Nigeria goods, so that readers’ will inadvertently get to associate these goods with quality and reliability.
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN POST SAP ERA NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ayomitunde Aderemi Timothy , Pereowei Abalaba Bamidele , Abosede Adeniran Aderinsola , Eusebius Amadi Chibuike
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the role of agriculture in generating employment in post SAP era Nigeria. This study was motivated as a result of lack of sufficient studies regarding this subject matter in the recent time. Data were sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and Cointegration, DOLS and Granger Causality Approach was used to address the objective of this study. Consequently, the major findings that emerged in this study are as follows: agricultural sector contributed to employment generation in the country, though not significant in the post SAP era. Similarly, inflation rate has a positive impact on employment generation in the economy. However, the contribution of agricultural expenditure to the employment generation was negative in the country. Furthermore, one way feedback flows from employment to agricultural expenditure and expenditure on agriculture granger causes inflation rate in the economy. Moreover, based on these findings the following recommendations could be made for the policy makers in Nigeria that agricultural sector has the capacity to address the current unemployment menace among the youths in Nigeria. Also, the government should possess a political goodwill to diversify the current mono-cultural nature of the economy towards agricultural sector by proper funding of this sector of the economy
POLITICAL PARTIES AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Omamuyovwi Afonughe Irikefe
Published: August 2020

In a democratic environment, Political Parties are the fulcrum and focal instrument because it set the foundation or the platform for representation in government and politics of a people.
As an institution that continuously seeks the control of state power and authority it then behoove on it to set the agenda of integration so as to synergize the strength of bonding for national achievement. However, this can only be achieved through its policy templates, true process of democratization and a more nationalistic outlook instead of sectionalism amidst others. Nigeria, as a country have been persistently challenged with the problem of achieving a common front due to the myriad of factors that continuously bifurcate every of its fiber or fabrics. Hence, this paper examines the role of political parties in achieving National integration in Nigeria.
After using the primary and secondary sources of data collection analysis it was obvi-ous that political parties have continuously failed in integrating the society due to a strong hold on ethnic divides, corruption, unfulfilled promises, thuggery among other negative portraits. Thus, the paper recommends that political parties should reflect a national outlook instead of been primordial, therefore the independent national elec-toral commission should not register parties with parochial ideology more so, citizens should be encourage to massively participate in politics so as to enclose the possibility of election rigging.
JOHN LOCKE ON REASON
Authors: Ade Nde Paul
Published: August 2020

This paper is a study of John Locke’s process of reasoning, defined as the investigation and discovery of the agreement or disagreement existing among ideas. Reason has four principal duties to fulfill which include: First, the highest goal of reason is the discov-ery of truths such as the existence of an eternal being. Second, in understanding, rea-soning eases the arrangement of ideas in order to portray and facilitate the agreement or disagreement among them. Third, reasoning perceives the connection of ideas in mental propositions. The fourth and final role of reason is that, it facilitates the mak-ing of right decisions and conclusions. Emphasizing on these four main functions of reason guarantees the basic objective of understanding which is geared towards the attainment of knowledge, judgment and truth. Through argumentation, reasoning fulfills the arrangement of ideas and operates through two major capacities being: First, it ascertains knowledge by determining intuitive or demonstrative knowledge. Last, it moderates judgment and assents by inferring opinions in probabilities.
Book Reviews Acta Orientalia 33
Authors: Orientalia Acta
Published: August 2020

Book reveiws in Acta Orientalia 33
"Five" as a typological number in the medieval Arabic grammatical tradition
Authors: Sheyhatovitch Beata
Published: August 2020

In the Arabic grammatical tradition several categories comprising exactly five members can be found, e.g., the types of “meaningful things”, of definite nouns, of tanwīn, of definite article, of tawābiʿ etc. Given the importance of the number ‘five’ in Islam, it is natural to ask whether these categorizations are affected by the symbolical meaning of that number. This article examines some of these categorizations in order to check the extent to which they are linguistically or theoretically justified, and whether they use ‘five’ as a typological number. In order to answer these questions, the fivefold divisions are tested for consistency and the surrounding discourse is investigated.
The Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ Dictionary
Authors: Zachs Fruma , Dror Yehudit
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the contribution of the Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ dictionary written by Buṭrus al-Bustānī, one of the leading figures of the Nahḍa, to the development of modern Arabic lexicography. This lexical endeavor is examined not only as part of a proto-national project, but as a pivotal moment in the development of modern Arabic lexical thought and in particular in al-Bustānī’s vision.

Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ constituted an important pedagogical step in transforming classical Arabic into “a living” language adapted to the needs of the Arab nation. However, although Muḥīṭ al-Muḥīṭ took the first crucial steps toward creating a modern Arabic lexical source, this dictionary mainly extends the age-old Arabic tradition of lexicography. It nevertheless paved the way to al-Bustānī’s final work, the encyclopedia Dāʾirat al-maʿārif, his most monumental effort and the cornerstone of al-Bustānī’s modern lexical vision.
Notification of occupational diseases in the Republic of Croatia: the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Kovač Cvetan , Krišto Ivana , Šijaković Ana
Published: August 2020

Diagnosis of occupational diseases is an interdisciplinary process that requires special knowledge of medicine and other areas related to health and safety at work. So too is their diagnosis and treatment the responsibility of occupational health specialists. The recognition of occupational diseases in Croatia is regulated by the Law on the List of Occupational Diseases, while diagnosis is carried out according to modern occupational health criteria, which includes determining the clinical picture of the disease and the damage caused by the work process. The current health crisis caused by the pandemic of the new infectious disease COVID-19 points us to several challenges in the field of health and safety at work in the Republic of Croatia, including the administrative problem of reporting and recognising occupational diseases caused by COVID-19. At the beginning of April 2020, an amendment to the Regulation on Infectious Diseases completely removed all administrative barriers to the recognition of occupational diseases caused by COVID-19 infection.
Wer ist #MeToo? Eine netzwerkanalytische Untersuchung (anti-)feministischen Protests auf Twitter
Authors: Martini Franziska
Published: August 2020

Feministischer Aktivismus auf digitalen Plattformen geht einher mit Chancen ebenso wie mit neuen Gefahren - vom Vernetzungspotenzial und der Organisation feministischer Öffentlichkeiten auf der einen Seite, zu neuen Formen des Hasses gegen Aktivist*innen und des Ausschlusses bestimmter Personengruppen auf der anderen Seite. Mithilfe von Netzwerk- und Inhaltsanalysen untersucht diese Studie den deutschsprachigen #MeToo-Protest auf Twitter und geht der Frage nach, welche Akteure hier einflussreich und sichtbar waren und Twitter als Plattform für sich nutzen konnten. Es wird gezeigt, dass neben privaten Nutzer*innen vor allem traditionelle Massenmedien auf Twitter eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Gleichzeitig lässt sich innerhalb des #MeToo-Protests ein dichtes Netzwerk antifeministischer und rassistischer Stimmen finden, die strategisch für eigene Anliegen mobilisieren wollen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass sich auch auf Twitter hierarchische Strukturen und qualitative Unterschiede der Vernetzung herausbilden, welche Barrieren für die öffentliche Artikulation feministischer Anliegen darstellen.
„Ganz schön sozial-medial erschöpft…“. Eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Berichterstattung über digitalen Stress und immanente Genderbezüge
Authors: Kinnebrock Susanne , Nitsch Cordula
Published: August 2020

Digitale Technologien und Medien haben zu weitreichenden Veränderungen im Arbeits- und Privatleben geführt. Dabei kann die Nutzung digitaler Medien aufgrund ständiger Erreichbarkeit, der Entgrenzung von Arbeits- und Privatleben oder auch Cybermobbing Stress verursachen und negative Folgen für die Gesundheit haben. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, welche Berichterstattungsmuster sich im medialen Diskurs über digitalen Stress zeigen und fokussiert im Besonderen auf das Gendering bei der Behandlung von digitalem Stress. Die durchgeführte qualitative Inhaltsanalyse deutschsprachiger Print- und Online-Beiträge (n=64) zeigt, dass der mediale Diskurs stark auf das Smartphone konzentriert ist. Digitaler Stress wird zwar in verschiedenartigsten Ausprägungen und Settings (am Arbeitsplatz wie im Privatleben) thematisiert, aber nur von einigen wenigen gegenderten Narrativen dominiert.
Oceanographic features of the Indian Ocean sector of Coastal Antarctica (Short Communication)
Authors: Luis Alvarinho J.
Published: August 2020

A review is presented on physical oceanographic features based on expendable CTD data collected in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. The thermohaline structure is dominated by Circumpolar Deep Water. The temperature and salinity are affected by cyclonic circulation in the Weddell Sea and Prydz Bay. High chlorophyll-a blooms (2-4 mg m-3) evolve during austral summer due to stratification which is caused by freshwater generated from the sea ice melt and the glacial outflow which traps phytoplankton in a shallow mixed layer, where they are exposed to higher irradiances of photosynthetically active radiation. Attempts have been made to relate the physical characteristics to biomass inferred from data published from previous Indian Scientific expeditions. More in-situ observations related to biophysical and chemical are recommended in the near future projects.
Bilişsel ve Fizyolojik Destek Sistemi Olarak Dijital Oyun Uygulamalarının Sistematik Analizi
Authors: Çardak Umut , Özbey Muhammed
Published: August 2020

Teknoloji günümüz çağında hızla gelişmektedir ve bu gelişmenin sağlık alanındaki yansıması kaçınılmazdır. Teknolojinin sağlık alanındaki yansıması cerrahi alanda olduğu kadar standart tedavilerde de kendini göstermektedir. Fizyolojik ve bilişsel tedavilerde teknolojinin kullanımı, elektronik ve dijital ortamların geliştirilmesi ve sağlık alanına daha çok uygulanmaya başlaması ile bariz bir şekilde kendini göstermektedir. Sağlık alanında teknolojinin kullanıldığı alanlardan biri de çeşitli hastalıkların tedavi edilebilmesi amacı ile geliştirilen dijital oyunlar ve beraberinde kullanıldığı cihazlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; bilişsel ve fizyolojik destek sistemi olarak dijital oyunların sağlık alanında kullanımını gerçekleştiren deneysel çalışmaların sistematik analizin yapılarak sonuçlarının incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda 2000-2019 yılları arasında ulusal ya da uluslararası dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleler, konu ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmaları ve çeşitli kongrelerde sunulan bildiriler çalışma kapsamında incelenmiş, deneysel bir yöntem kullanan ve spesifik olarak bir dijital oyun platformu içeren 21 araştırma çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Analiz sonunda elde edilen bulgular tartışılarak oyunların sağlık alanında kullanımına ilişkin bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Challenges of Vancomycin Dosing and Therapeutic Monitoring in Neonates
Authors: Pham Jennifer T.
Published: August 2020

Late-onset sepsis in neonates can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in preterm infants. Vancomycin is commonly prescribed for the treatment of Gram-positive organisms, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coagulase-negative staphylococci, and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus species in adult and pediatric patients. Currently, there is no consensus on optimal dosing and monitoring of vancomycin in neonates. Different vancomycin dosing regimens exist for neonates, but with many of these regimens, obtaining therapeutic trough concentrations can be difficult. In 2011, the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommended vancomycin trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L or an AUC/MIC ratio of ≥400 for severe invasive diseases (e.g., MRSA) in adult and pediatric patients. Owing to recent reports of increased risk of nephrotoxicity associated with vancomycin trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L and AUC/MIC of ≥400, a revised consensus guideline, recently published in 2020, no longer recommends monitoring vancomycin trough concentrations in adult patients. The guideline recommends an AUC/MIC of 400 to 600, which has been found to achieve clinical efficacy while reducing nephrotoxicity. However, these recommendations were derived solely from adult literature, as there are limited clinical outcomes data in pediatric and neonatal patients. Furthermore, owing to the variation of vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters among the neonatal population, these recommendations for achieving vancomycin AUC/MIC of 400 to 600 in neonates require further investigation. This review will discuss the challenges of achieving optimal vancomycin dosing and monitoring in neonatal patients.
Tiempo y Derecho: fundamento y límites de la retroactividad de la ley
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: August 2020

En el largo proceso de evolución del Derecho y del Estado europeos, el problema de la sucesión de normas en el tiempo ha recibido respuestas muy distintas. En la hora actual debe afrontarse en el seno e cada uno de los ordenamientos jurídicos como una cuestión de derecho positivo. Con estas premisas, el objeto de este trabajo es examinar cómo ha ido cambiando la problemática de la retroactividad de la ley —su fundamento y sus límites— en el marco más amplio del fenómeno derogatorio. Problemática que no se planteó con todas sus consecuencias hasta la Revolución francesa. Hubo un tiempo en que el instituto de la derogación era prácticamente desconocido y la costumbre ocupaba un lugar destacado en el sistema de fuentes. En ese contexto, la posibilidad de que el derecho modificara situaciones jurídicas pasadas era muy limitada. Fue la época del Estado jurisdiccional que abarca desde el surgimiento de los primeros estados europeos hasta la Revolución. En una segunda etapa, la del Estado de Derecho con su constitución liberal, la retroactividad de la ley tuvo un fundamento claro: su carácter soberano y unos límites ideológicos definidos: la seguridad jurídica y los derechos adquiridos. La teoría de los derechos adquiridos operó como un límite político e ideológico a la retroactividad, y aunque no pudo configurarse como un límite real y efectivo frente a un legislador considerado soberano, lo cierto es que en la praxis legislativa decimonónica cumplió una función limitadora. El hecho de que la ley fuera aprobada por unos parlamentos (oligárquicos) que representaban sociedades homogéneas (burguesas) determinó el triunfo absoluto de la teoría de los derechos adquiridos. En una tercera etapa, la del Estado constitucional con su constitución democrática, el fundamento y los límites de la retroactividad cambian. La retroactividad se fundamenta ahora en el principio democrático y encuentra su límite en los derechos fundamentales.
La influencia de Maquiavelo en los neoconservadores americanos. Coincidencias y discrepancias
Authors: Soriano González María Luisa
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo trata de una cuestión pendiente: la comparación sistemática, punto por punto, de las ideas acerca del derecho y la política de Nicolás Maquiavelo, representante de la teoría política renacentista, y los neoconservadores americanos. A pesar de la separación de varios siglos, existen grandes semejanzas entre el autor florentino de la transición del siglo XV al XVI y los neoconservadores americanos del siglo XXI. La metodología seguida es el análisis comparativo de las ideas del florentino y los neoconservadores en cada uno de los apartados del trabajo. La conclusión relevante consiste en que las ideas de Maquiavelo sobre la sabiduría política, especialmente la capacidad de predicción y resolución de hechos políticos futuros, no está presente en los neoconservadores, que en este aspecto se muestran olvidadizos discípulos del maestro florentino, mientras que existe una gran coincidencia en el relativismo moral, la relación de la virtud y la fortuna, la historia como método y la milicia ciudadana.
Fueros, tiempo e integración constitucional
Authors: De Miguel Bárcena Josu
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo pretende realizar un acercamiento a la cuestión foral, desde el punto de vista de la integración constitucional. Para ello, realiza en primer lugar una aproximación histórica al régimen foral hasta la aprobación de la Constitución española en 1978. En segundo lugar, propone una nueva interpretación del régimen foral previsto en la Norma Fundamental, teniendo en cuenta el concepto de tiempo constitucional y su importancia en la tarea de dar estabilidad al Estado, la sociedad y la política. En tercer y último lugar, advierte los problemas actuales en torno la reforma de la Constitución territorial española y la pretensión de sustituir la historia institucional por el mito nacionalista.
Famille transnationale, coprésence virtuelle et
re-construction du sentiment familial
Authors: Schlobach Monica
Published: August 2020

Cadre de la recherche : Plusieurs
affirment que le développement de nouvelles technologies de l’information et des
communications (TIC) aurait donné lieu à une nouvelle manière de conserver le
lien affectif chez les familles transnationales. Il y aurait ainsi abolition de
la distance grâce à la coprésence virtuelle.

Objectifs : L’objectif est de comprendre,
par l’étude de l’usage des TIC, comment la famille transnationale réussit à
garder vivant le sentiment familial. On vise également à discuter les limites de
ces pratiques sur la capacité à continuer à faire famille transnationale.

Méthodologie : L’analyse prend appui sur
les données recueillies par entrevues approfondies auprès de migrants habitant à
Montréal et de membres de leurs familles restés au Brésil.

Résultats : Les TIC sont devenues, dans
les échanges des familles transnationales, un outil familier et familial. Elles
permettent d’accéder au temps ordinaire et aux moments forts de la vie
familiale. Elles donnent lieu à l’invention de nouvelles pratiques
d’interactions familiales. Elles apportent aussi certaines contraintes dans les
échanges, car elles apparaissent comme une solution insatisfaisante pour
résoudre le problème de la distance physique et de la séparation.

Conclusions : L’usage des TIC est devenu
une habitude incorporée dans la vie familiale transnationale, par son pouvoir
informatif sur la vie quotidienne des membres de la famille transnationale. La
coprésence virtuelle contient cependant des limites dans l’expression des
émotions et des sentiments familiaux qui permettent de garder vivante la
solidarité familiale.

Contribution : La présentation des
données issues de cette recherche a permis de cerner les apports, les
ambivalences et les limites de l’utilisation des TIC pour faire famille
transnationale, tout en révélant l’existence de la formation de micro-rituels
familiaux qui agissent comme mécanisme de régulation et d’expression du
sentiment familial.
Entre deuil de l’activité industrielle et recherche de labellisation
Authors: Rojas Luc
Published: August 2020

La désindustrialisation débutant dans les années 1970 pose à nos sociétés la question de l’héritage industriel. Celui-ci est important et touche de nombreux territoires qui ont prospéré grâce à l’activité industrielle. Lors de la fermeture des unités de production, les populations locales doivent faire le deuil de l’industrie. Ce processus est accompagné par la création d’une association dans laquelle les anciens ouvriers tiennent une place importante, permettant ainsi le passage de l’activité économique à l’activité culturelle. Première soucieuse du devenir du patrimoine industriel, l’association locale prend une part active à la reconnaissance et à la valorisation de cet héritage qui depuis peu est considéré par le grand public comme un patrimoine digne de ce nom.
La chasse au phoque du Groenland à Essipit
Authors: Parcoret Florence
Published: August 2020

La chasse au phoque du Groenland par les Essipiunnuat de la Première Nation des Innus d’Essipit est une chasse traditionnelle et séculaire, ancrée profondément dans les activités innu aitun de la communauté. Cette tradition est cependant identifiée culturellement en péril par le conseil de bande et la plupart de ses membres. Cet article fait la description ethnographique de la chasse au loup-marin telle qu’elle est pratiquée aujourd’hui à Essipit, et notamment depuis la fin de la chasse commerciale dans la région des Escoumins, au début des années 2000. Il replace cette tradition dans le contexte évolutif de tout patrimoine immatériel et fait part de la vision intrinsèque dont les porteurs de cette tradition envisagent, à court et à long terme, la sauvegarde de cette chasse dans leur communauté.
Time-dependent cytokine and chemokine changes in mouse cerebral cortex following a mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Tweedie David , Karnati Hanuma Kumar , Mullins Roger , Pick Chaim G , Hoffer Barry J , Goetzl Edward J , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Greig Nigel H
Published: August 2020

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious global health problem, many individuals live with TBI-related neurological dysfunction. A lack of biomarkers of TBI has impeded medication development. To identify new potential biomarkers, we time-dependently evaluated mouse brain tissue and neuronally derived plasma extracellular vesicle proteins in a mild model of TBI with parallels to concussive head injury. Mice (CD-1, 30–40 g) received a sham procedure or 30 g weight-drop and were euthanized 8, 24, 48, 72, 96 hr, 7, 14 and 30 days later. We quantified ipsilateral cortical proteins, many of which differed from sham by 8 hours post-mTBI, particularly GAS-1 and VEGF-B were increased while CXCL16 reduced, 23 proteins changed in 4 or more of the time points. Gene ontology pathways mapped from altered proteins over time related to pathological and physiological processes. Validation of proteins identified in this study may provide utility as treatment response biomarkers.
Spatial modeling of long-term air temperatures for sustainability: evolutionary fuzzy approach and neuro-fuzzy methods
Authors: Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Kisi Ozgur , Choi Soo-Mi
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the capabilities of the evolutionary fuzzy genetic (FG) approach and compares it with three neuro-fuzzy methods—neuro-fuzzy with grid partitioning (ANFIS-GP), neuro-fuzzy with subtractive clustering (ANFIS-SC), and neuro-fuzzy with fuzzy c-means clustering (ANFIS-FCM)—in terms of modeling long-term air temperatures for sustainability based on geographical information. In this regard, to estimate long-term air temperatures for a 40-year (1970–2011) period, the models were developed using data for the month of the year, latitude, longitude, and altitude obtained from 71 stations in Turkey. The models were evaluated with respect to mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the determination coefficient (R2). All data were divided into three parts and every model was tested on each. The FG approach outperformed the other models, enhancing the MAE, RMSE, NSE, and R2 of the ANFIS-GP model, which yielded the highest accuracy among the neuro-fuzzy models by 20%, 30%, and 4%, respectively. A geographical information system was used to obtain temperature maps using estimates of the optimal models, and the results of the model were assessed using it.
Phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 6 are regulated by culture conditions
Authors: Hirose Karin , Ishiga Yasuhiro , Fujikawa Takashi
Published: August 2020

The kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae; Psa) causes severe damage to kiwifruit production worldwide. Psa biovar 6 (Psa6), which was isolated in Japan in 2015, produces two types of phytotoxins: coronatine and phaseolotoxin. To elucidate the unique virulence of Psa6, we performed transcriptomic analysis of phytotoxin synthesis genes and type III effector genes in in vitro cultivation using various media. The genes related to phytotoxin synthesis and effectors of Psa6 were strictly regulated in the coronatine-inducing mediums (HS and HSC); 14 of 23 effector genes and a hrpL sigma factor gene were induced at 3 h after transferring to the media (early-inducible genes), and phytotoxin synthesis genes such as argD of phaseolotoxin and cfl of coronatine were induced at 6 and 12 h after transferring to the media (late-inducible genes). In contrast, induction of these genes was not observed in the hrp-inducing medium. Next, to examine whether the changes in gene expression in different media is specific to Psa6, we investigated gene expression in other related bacteria. For Psa biovar 1 (Psa1), biovar 3 (Psa3), and P. s. pv. glycinea (Psg), no clear trends were observed in expression behavior across various culture media and incubation times. Therefore, Psa6 seems to exert its virulence efficiently by using two phytotoxins and effectors according to environmental changes. This is not seen in other biovars and pathovars, so it is thought that Psa6 has acquired its own balance of virulence.
Effects of Dietary Potassium Diformate on Growth Performance, the Relationship between Fish Length and Weight, Feed Conversion and Survival Rate of Giant Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Nugraha Anggi , Iskandar . , Bangkit Ibnu , Lili Walim
Published: August 2020

This study was purposed to determine the optimal dose addition of potassium diformate to commercial feed to increase the growth of giant freshwater shrimp. The method employed in this study was an experimental method, embracing application of a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method. It consists of four treatments and four replications. The treatments was based on the difference of potassium diformate amount in which given to giant freshwater shrimp. The difference of potassium diformate amount was 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5%. The sample of study used giant freshwater shrimp with a length of 4 - 6 cm. The samples were obtained from the Giant freshwater Shrimp Breeding Center, Pamarican, West Java Province. The shrimp were kept in 16 nets in a density of 20 shrimps and the size of the net cage is about 1 m3. The parameters observed in this research were daily growth rate, feed efficiency, the relation between length and weight, survival rate (analyzed using ANOVA with p < 0,05), and water quality. The sampling was made every 10 days. The results showed that the addition of potassium diformate by 1% gave the best result of daily growth rate of 1.86% ± 0.60, feed efficiency value of 19% ± 1.91, survival rate of 92% with net profit Rp. 67.160.- and for the length and weight relationship has a value of b> 3 which means that it has positive allometry along with water quality parameters regarded to SNI (Indonesian national standard).
The Equation for Rise in Superheat by Adding Electrolyte
Authors: Jennings John H.
Published: August 2020

For many liquids, the limit of superheat is 0.89 Tc, where Tc = temperature Kelvin at critical point.  The rise in the limit of superheat by addition of polymer has a formula, B’, derived by Jennings, and this paper makes use of a pattern to predict the formula for rise in superheat by adding electrolyte, B. The equations for boiling point elevation by addition of electrolyte, A, and polymer, A’, are known, so we make use of a proportion and solve for the unknown, B, thus: B= (A/A’) x B’ to get the equation.

A, A’ and B’ all have the phase change temperature squared at 1 atmosphere pressure in the numerator times the ratio of the molecular weight solvent divided by the product of the density of solvent times molecular weight solute in the expression that equals lim c--->0 (dT/dc) giving the limiting slope of rise in temperature versus concentration solute.  The van’t Hoff factor is included.  The proposed formula B for RISE IN SUPERHEAT BY ADDITION OF ELECTROLYTE is:

 

lim c--->0 (dT/dc)s, electrolyte = (3 k MW1 Ts 2 i) / (ρ1  σ1 a MW2(e)).
Application of Call Centre as COVID 19 Alert and Surveillance System in Pastoralist Communities of Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Oladeji Bibilola , Ismail Abibakar Sheikaden , Abdi Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Aims: Ethiopia recorded the first confirmed case of COVID 19 pandemic on 13th March 2020 and the surveillance and alert systems were immediately activated. In Somali Region, the toll-free call center was used as alert and surveillance system in addition to the routine health facility surveillance system because of poor coverage of health facilities and pastoral lifestyle in the region.

Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review of COVID 19 alerts and surveillance database. 

Place and Duration of Study: Somali Region between 13th March and 30th June 2020.

Methodology: A retrospective chart review of alert database from the two COVID 19 alert and surveillance systems. The sensitivity for each system was calculated as the proportion of confirmed cases and test of association was done using chi-square test at significant level of 5%.

Results: 414 alerts were reported during the study period, 259( 62.5%) alerts  from the  toll-free call centre,(49.3%) of which  met the criteria as  suspected cases and  22(8.5%) confirmed positive for COVID compared to 155( 37.5%) alerts from the health facilities,145(50.7%)  of which  met the criteria as suspected cases and  43(27.7%) confirmed positive. The positivity rate was statistically significant, p=0.045. However, alerts were received from all the 11 zones in the region through the call centre compared to six zones through the health facilities.

Conclusion: The call centre is an effective system with wide coverage for monitoring alerts and can be explored as a long-term  surveillance  system  during disease outbreaks and other public health interventions post COVID pandemic.
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Full Age Spectrum Equation to Assess Kidney Function in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chand Balkar , Bhatia Lovleen , Vohra Kanchan
Published: August 2020

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is accepted as the best indicator of kidney function and commonly assessed from serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cys-C) based equations. The present cross-sectional, observational study aimed to assess eGFR using a new and validated Full Age Spectrum (FAS) equation and compared with eGFR assessed using old and established equations in hypertensive patients.

Materials and Methods: Overall, 60 subjects were recruited for the study, including 30 hypertensive patients and 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects. Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured using commercial biochemical kits. These levels were used to derive and compare eGFR using our different equations, namely, Cockcroft and Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), and FAS equation. Student t-test was used for comparison between two groups and One-way ANOVA test was used to find multiple comparison with-in the hypertensive and control group. Pearson’s Univariate correlation followed by multiple linear regression analysis was applied to find independent predictors of eGFR. All data were analyzed using Sigma-Stat.

Results: There was significant difference found in the eGFR levels using different equations in hypertensive subjects as compared to healthy subjects (P<0.01). With–in hypertensive subjects and with-in heathy subjects, a significant difference was also reported (both P<0.01). For FAS-based GFR, age was found as independent predictor of eGFR by all FAS equations. eGFR estimated using Cr based equations resulted in significant difference in categorizing number of subjects into CKD v/s non-CKD depending on their eGFR levels. But there was no difference found for the above in serum cystatin C based equations (P=0.26).

Conclusion: Present data showed that eGFR derived using all set of equations resulted in variable eGFR levels. But, use of Cr based equations instead of Cys-C or combine Cr-Cys based equations resulted in wide variation i.e. change in GFR due to change in marker.
Educação física e formação humana omnilateral: limites e possibilidades da abordagem crítico-superadora
Authors: Duarte Zuleyka Da Silva , Schmidt Vagner Augusto De Oliveira , Oliveira Avelino Da Rosa
Published: August 2020

O presente estudo traz para o debate o tema da Formação Humana Omnilateral, articulado às proposições teóricas da Educação Física Escolar e tem como objetivo analisar a abordagem teórica Crítico-Superadora, com a intenção de propor aprofundamentos que a conduzam como referência de uma proposta de Formação Humana Omnilateral. Destarte, reafirmamos a necessidade de ampliar o escopo conceitual, contemplando os aspectos biofísicos do processo de formação humana, bem como inserir os elementos teórico-metodológicos no ensino dos conteúdos da cultura corporal, a partir da Praxiologia Motriz e dos conceitos de lógica interna e externa.
Ciência, tecnologia e capitalismo monopolista
Authors: Celin Leonardo , Cardoso Neves Márcia Luzia
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar como a produção de conhecimentos científicos nos laboratórios de pesquisa no atual momento histórico está intimamente relacionado com os interesses do capitalismo monopolista transnacional. As cifras dos investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), uns dos principais indicadores sobre as atividades de ciência e tecnologia, além de mostrar as agudas desigualdades entre os países desenvolvidos e os subdesenvolvidos mostram que os fluxos de capitais para pesquisa nas universidades chegam prioritariamente a determinados setores em detrimento de outros.
Os rumos da educação em questão: da “hegemonia às avessas” à crise de hegemonia
Authors: Silveira Zuleide Simas da
Published: August 2020

Este texto busca evidenciar os traços de continuidade e descontinuidade entre os sucessivos mandatos de governos neoliberais, no Brasil, dos anos 1990 até os dias que correm, e suas implicações no campo educacional. Para cumprir com desafio, emprega categorias analíticas como capitalismo dependente, fascismo dependente, hegemonia às avessas e crise de hegemonia, tendo como mediações as ações governamentais em torno das políticas macro e microeconômicas, apontando para a contínua perda de direitos sociais e subjetivos da classe trabalhadora e para os processos de privatização e mercadorização da educação.

 
Auto-organização da escola do trabalho em Krupskaya e Pistrak: análise inicial sobre a autogestão estudantil a partir da experiência pedagógica soviética.
Authors: Praciano Jaírla Bianca Aires , Feitosa Raphael Alves
Published: August 2020

A auto-organização, categoria da pedagogia soviética, é caracterizada como uma forma de estruturação da vida estudantil dos jovens. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a auto-organização na escola do trabalho através das obras de Moisey M. Pistrak e Nadejda K. Krupskaya. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise documental das obras dos pedagogos soviéticos e uma bibliográfica direcionada ao contexto histórico, como também as contribuições da literatura referente ao assunto. Os resultados indicam que para os educadores russos a autodireção é capaz de proporcionar aos estudantes concepções sobre organização, autonomia e coletividade. Por fim, considera-se necessário estudos aprofundados sobre as obras de Krupskaya e Pistrak.
Raízes do feminismo político e embates atuais
Authors: Moraes Maria Lygia Quartim de
Published: August 2020

A atual proliferação de grupos e ativistas feministas em vários países da América do Sul demonstra o vigor das reivindicações das mulheres na cena política, quer seja em manifestações de rua; nos movimentos estudantis, LGBTs; na luta antirracista. Este artigo parte da hipótese de que, não obstante a importância indiscutível das reivindicações e lutas do século XIX, a verdade é que somente no século XX que o feminismo colocou-se como movimento social com um projeto de transformações da sociedade. É na segunda metade do século XX, no período da pós guerra mundial, que as feministas elaboraram suas teorias contra o biologismo das ciências sociais e contra o androcentrismo acadêmico. Nos países do Cone Sul, que sofreram anos de ditaduras militares, os movimentos de mulheres tiveram uma importância crucial na denúncia dos crimes das ditaduras e no processo de reconstrução da democracia. Não obstante sua concordância em temas fundamentais, as feministas podem ser agrupadas em dois blocos no que concerne à questão do capitalismo. O feminismo político privilegia uma perspectiva da contradição de classes e da necessária superação do capitalismo. Ao mesmo tempo enfatizam a tese de que é a partir das suas lutas, enquanto trabalhadoras exploradas; enquanto vítimas da violência sexual; enquanto oprimidas por duas ou mais jornadas de trabalho que as mulheres conseguiram sua emancipação.
Entre a dor e as “vozes do silêncio”: a organização social das mulheres e o feminismo socialista
Authors: Lemos Márcia Santos
Published: August 2020

Resumo: O movimento feminista e as organizações sindicais se constituíram, com todos os óbices, em lócus de reação das mulheres da classe trabalhadora diante da inexorável realidade produzida pela formação social brasileira, capitalista, racista e cis-heteropatriarcal. Neste artigo, utilizando como referencial o Materialismo Histórico e Dialético, busca-se refletir sobre o feminismo socialista nos referidos espaços, em especial no movimento docente.
Marxismo: contribuição das mulheres
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Maria De Fátima
Published: August 2020

Este texto foi pensado para dar a conhecer ao leitor a composição desta edição da Revista Germinal, ao final as contribuições de mulheres ao marxismo. A ordem dos textos e seus autores não é aleatória, antes obedece ao critério de se alinharem os temas dos mais gerais aos particulares e segundo o tipo de contribuição. Destaca-se o caráter de singularidade e aproximação de cada um dos textos com todos os artigos.

Palavras- chave: contribuições; mulheres; marxismo
Gd (III) DOTA‐Functionalized Phthalocyanine Nanodots for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Fengshou , Chen Jingwen , Li Haolan , Li Cheng , Wang Han , Liu Genyan , Luo Xiaogang , Zhu Xunjin
Published: August 2020

The development of organic nanoagents that integrate diagnosis and therapy has gained considerable attention over the last decades. Here, phthalocyanine‐based nanodots (ZnPc‐NDs) are developed through a facile hydrothermal method. The self‐aggregation of molecules in nanostructures facilitates the fluorescence quenching and nonradiative heat generation. Accordingly, ZnPc‐NDs display the photodynamic and photothermal effect simultaneously upon near‐infrared laser irradiation. To endow ZnPc‐NDs with the diagnostic function, the surface of nanodots is functionalized with Gd(III) chelates to yield ZnPc‐Gd, providing the magnetic resonance performances. The biocompatibility and high photocytoxicity of ZnPc‐Gd toward HeLa cells are verified through the cell counting kit‐8 method. Due to the presence of paramagnetic metal, ZnPc‐Gd exhibits a distinct magnetic resonance signal in vitro and in vivo. Upon irradiation with a 808 nm laser, ZnPc‐Gd can efficiently inhibit the growth of tumors with minor side effects. Thus, the as‐prepared ZnPc‐Gd can be utilized as a promising nanoagent for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided cancer phototherapy.
Bioinspired Melanin‐Based Optically Active Materials
Authors: Xiao Ming , Shawkey Matthew D. , Dhinojwala Ali
Published: August 2020

Melanin is a widespread multifunctional biological pigment that has emerged as a promising platform for applications in coating, catalysis, energy, drug delivery, and medical therapy. Melanin is also a compelling material for photonic applications because of its favorable material characteristics, including broadband absorption, high refractive index, tunable fluorescence, and UV blocking capabilities. However, there is not yet a critical review focusing on optical functions of melanin. This review summarizes current advances in bioinspired melanin‐based optically active materials, covering melanin's inherent optical properties and functions both in nature and in optics‐related applications. It is envisioned that this work will provide a better understanding of melanin's photonic functions and insights into the future development of melanin‐based or melanin‐inspired optically active materials for wide applications.
Gene Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Highlighting the Journey from Theory to Clinical Applications
Authors: Younis Mahmoud A. , Khalil Ikramy A. , Harashima Hideyoshi
Published: August 2020

Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently limited to early stages where surgical intervention is applicable. Meanwhile, the response for most chemotherapies is still low, leaving patients in advanced stages without an effective therapeutic approach. Other therapeutic strategies based on immunotherapies or radiotherapy have a narrow spectrum with multiple limitations. These collective drawbacks necessitate the development of alternative strategies. Gene therapy has achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of several diseases, especially tumors. In the current review, a discussion is provided on the various strategies that have been developed for HCC gene therapy, the functional and genetic materials used, and their diverse delivery systems, with a special focus on novel targeting strategies based on biomaterials, peptide libraries, and aptamers. In addition, animal models that have been used in preclinical evaluation of HCC gene therapies are highlighted and compared. Lastly, ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives for these strategies are discussed.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Self‐Healing Electroconductive Composites Based on Supramolecular Organic Polymer Embedded with Copper Microparticles
Authors: Yeasmin Rubaya , Duy Le Thai , Han Seungik , Seo Hyungtak
Published: August 2020

Integration of electrical conductivity, stretchability, and self‐healing properties of electronic material is a promising way to meet the criteria for developing next‐generation technologies ranging from ordinary sustainable electronics to high‐tech human–machine interfaces. To this particular purpose, a cost‐effective composite material having simultaneous functionalities of electrical conductivity, stretchability, and self‐healability based on supramolecular organic polymer and copper microparticles is presented. The composite can be mass‐produced via the sol–gel method and is tunable by adjusting the copper loading. Electrical and mechanical characterizations show that the composite material owns not only a high stretchability (≥120%) but also an excellent self‐healability at ambient conditions within 5 min. The healing efficiency is about 90% for its mechanical property and almost 100% for its electrical properties. Besides, the electrical properties are found in the range of semiconductors that can be restored upon five cutting–healing cycles. One‐step further, the developed material is utilized to fabricate a wearable strain sensor. Also, real‐time human motion detection is demonstrated using the fabricated sensor. These results exhibit the potential of the material for developing self‐healing electronic devices and show promising directions in the field of wearable and sustainable electronics, human–machine interfaces.