bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of Ndrg2 deficiency on renal ischemia–reperfusion injury via activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Jianwen , Sun Miao , Zhang Lixia , Yu Yao , Mi Weidong , Ma Yulong , Wang Guyan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Renal ischemia–reperfusion (R-I/R) injury is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury, with high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) in R-I/R injury.

Methods:

We examined the expression of Ndrg2 in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and after R-I/R injury by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We then detected R-I/R injury in Ndrg2-deficient (Ndrg2
–/–) mice and wild type (Ndrg2
+/+) littermates in vivo, and detected oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R) injury in HK-2 cells. We further conducted transcriptomic sequencing to investigate the role of Ndrg2 in R-I/R injury and detected levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by dihydroethidium staining, biochemical assays, and western blot. Finally, we measured the levels of mitophagy in Ndrg2
+/+ and Ndrg2
–/– mice after R-I/R injury or HK-2 cells in OGD-R injury.

Results:

Ndrg2 was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules and its expression was significantly decreased 24 h after R-I/R injury. Ndrg2
–/– mice exhibited significantly attenuated R-I/R injury compared to Ndrg2
+/+ mice. Transcriptomics profiling showed that Ndrg2 deficiency induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, downregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and increased autophagy following R-I/R injury. Further studies revealed that Ndrg2 deficiency reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Notably, Ndrg2 deficiency significantly activated phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The downregulation of NDRG2 expression significantly increased cell viability after OGD-R injury, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1, decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and increased the expression of the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Conclusion:

Ndrg2 deficiency might become a therapy target for R-I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Global and regional trends in the incidence and prevalence of uterine fibroids and attributable risk factors at the national level from 2010 to 2019: A worldwide database study
Authors: Dai Yuxin , Chen Hongda , Yu Jing , Cai Jie , Lu Bin , Dai Min , Zhu Lan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Uterine fibroids (UFs), the most common tumors in women worldwide, may reduce quality of life and daily activities and even lead to adverse fertility and general health events in patients, causing significant societal health and financial burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the global burden through epidemiological trends and examine the potential risk factors for UFs at the national level.

Methods:

Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and age-standardized DALY rates for UFs were collected, and the associations with the Human Development Index (HDI) and fertility were evaluated. The age trends in the average annual percent change (AAPC) of the incidence and prevalence rates of UFs were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis. The associations between lifestyle, metabolic, and socioeconomic factors and the ASIRs of UFs were examined using multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results:

The worldwide incidence and prevalence of UFs have been increasing in the past decade, with AAPCs of 0.27% in the incidence rate and 0.078% in the prevalence rate. During 2010–2019, significant increasing trends in UF ASIR were observed in 52 of 88 countries. The age-specific incidence and prevalence of UFs in most age groups showed increasing trends except for 45–54-year-old women which showed no significant trend. Ecological analysis demonstrated no relationship between the incidence of UFs and the HDI but an inverse association with fertility. The incidence of UFs was positively correlated with alcohol intake, hypertension, overweight, and obesity and negatively correlated with smoking.

Conclusion:

With the increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide, effective targeted prevention and control of relevant risk factors at the national level should be encouraged to reduce the disease burden of UFs.
Gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Long Qichen , Luo Fengming , Li Binghui , Li Ziyang , Guo Zhe , Chen Zhiyang , Wu Weimin , Hu Min
Published: February 2024

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a replacement of the nomenclature employed for NAFLD, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite its high global prevalence, NAFLD is often under-recognized due to the absence of reliable noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of NAFLD by causing immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations due to gut dysbiosis. The rapid advancement of sequencing tools and metabolomics has enabled the identification of alterations in microbiome signatures and gut microbiota-derived metabolite profiles in numerous clinical studies related to NAFLD. Overall, these studies have shown a decrease in α-diversity and changes in gut microbiota abundance, characterized by increased levels of Escherichia and Prevotella, and decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium in patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and tryptophan metabolites are believed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we provide novel insights into the vital role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, we summarize the major classes of gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in NAFLD, thereby highlighting the links between specific bacterial species and certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites in patients with NAFLD.
Intraocular lens calculation using the ESCRS online calculator in pediatric eyes undergoing lens extraction
Authors: Lwowski Christoph , Wenner Yaroslava , Kaiser Klemens Paul , Sapok Eva , Kohnen Thomas
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the ESCRS online calculator for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in children undergoing lens extraction and primary IOL implantation.

Setting:

Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Design:

Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Methods:

Eyes that received phacoemulsification and IOL implantation (Acrysof SN60AT) due to congenital or juvenile cataract were included. We compared the mean prediction error (MPE), mean and median absolute prediction error (MAE, MedAE) of formulas provided by the recently introduced online calculator provided by the ESCRS with the SRK/T formula, as well as the number of eyes within ±0.5 diopters (D), ±1.0 D, ±2.0 D of target refraction. Postoperative spherical equivalent was measured by retinoscopy 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

60 eyes from 47 patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 3.2 years met the inclusion criteria. Mean axial length was 22.27 ± 1.19 mm. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −0.25 ± 3.78 D, and mean postoperative SE was 0.69 ± 1.53 D. The MedAE was lowest in the SRK/T formula (0.56 D, ± 1.03) performed significantly better (P = .037) than Hoffer QST and Kane, followed by BUII (0.64 D, ± 0.92), Pearl DGS (0.65 D, ± 0.94), EVO (0.69 D, ± 0.94), Hoffer QST (0.75 D, ± 0.99), and Kane (0.78 D, ± 0.99). All of those were significantly above zero (P < .001). 41 eyes received an intraoperative optic capture (68%). When excluding eyes that did not receive intraoperative optic capture (n = 19; 32%), the MedAE was shown to be lower.

Conclusions:

Using modern IOL calculation formulas provided by the ESCRS calculator provides good refractive predictability and compares for most of the formulas with the results with SRK/T. In addition, the formulas seem to anticipate the postoperative refraction better for eyes that receive a posterior optic capture.
Severe Hemolytic Anemia: Atypical Presentation of Cobalamin Deficiency
Authors: Fraga Carolina , Losa Ana , Cascais Inês , Garrido Cristina , Lachado Ana , Couto Guerra Isabel , Bandeira Anabela , Cleto Esmeralda , Costa Emília
Published: February 2024

Two severe cases of hemolytic anemia are described in different pediatric age groups, both linked to severe cobalamin deficiency from distinct causes. The first case refers to an exclusively breastfed infant with vitamin deficit secondary to maternal impaired absorption. Apart from the neurological deficits present at diagnosis, he also presented with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome a few months after treatment while having normal cobalamin serum levels. The second case refers to an adolescent with long-term inadequate intake. The occurrence of severe hemolytic anemia in cobalamin deficiency is exceptionally rare.
Case series: Fundus autofluorescence abnormalities in a family of ocular albinism carriers
Authors: Gleason Sarah , Bass Sherry J.
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE

Carriers of ocular albinism demonstrate signs of retinal mosaicism with unique features on fundus autofluorescence testing, which differentiate this condition from other x-linked retinal disorders in carrier patients. Distinctive findings include a mud-splattered fundus with peripheral hyperpigmented streaks, which correlate with areas of hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence.

PURPOSE

This is the first reported case series of a family that demonstrates diagnostic retinal and fundus autofluorescence abnormalities related to retinal mosaicism in three sisters who were unaware they were carriers of ocular albinism type 1. Multimodal imaging, electrodiagnostic testing, and genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate this clinical presentation from other sight-threatening hereditary retinal diseases.

CASE REPORTS

Three sisters, aged 21, 17, and 13 years, were referred to determine the cause of abnormal retinal pigmentation. All presented with normal vision, and anterior segment examination was unremarkable without iris transillumination. They denied family history of ocular disease. Fundus examination of all three sisters revealed a mud-splattered pattern of pigmentation in the posterior pole and radial pigmentary streaks. Fundus autofluorescence showed a pattern of hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence corresponding to this pigmentary pattern. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electro-oculogram, and electroretinogram were normal in all three sisters. Genetic testing of their father, who was unaware of any disorder, tested positive for ocular albinism.

CONCLUSIONS

Ocular albinism carriers have abnormal retinal pigmentation in a characteristic pattern. Fundus autofluorescence shows a correlative pattern that can confirm carrier status of ocular albinism in individuals unaware of their status and rule out other retinal degenerations.
Understanding falls and its prevention among adults with visual impairment through behavior change models
Authors: Sachidanandam Ramya , Narayanan Anuradha
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE

This study used behavior change models to understand the perspectives of falls among patients with visual impairment who are at greater risk of falls. Resulting themes on barriers and facilitators led to the identification of a “SMART” intervention strategy that remains to be tested as a fall-reducing behavior.

PURPOSE

This study explored the perspectives of adults with visual impairment on falls and proposed falls prevention strategies using behavior change models.

METHODS

Participants 18 years or older who were diagnosed with low vision or blindness from a tertiary eye hospital in India and had a history of falls in the previous year were recruited. “Reduction of falls” was defined as a behavior, and interview questions were designed to explore awareness, context, and consequences of falls to determine barriers and facilitators that could help reduce falls. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results were linked to the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Behavior Change Wheel, under different levels of a The Socio-Ecological Model. Intervention functions from the Behavior Change Wheel were identified using the APEASE criteria (affordability, practicability, effectiveness/cost-effectiveness, acceptability, safety/side effects, and equity) to finalize behavior change techniques.

RESULTS

Themes on barriers and facilitators at individual, family, and societal levels were identified from 36 semistructured telephone interviews. Key barriers were fear of falling, social stigma and lack of training in using assistive devices, not considering falls as a major concern, environmental hazards, and loss of support from caregivers. Key facilitators were consciously monitoring falls, undergoing orientation and mobility training, getting assistance for outdoor mobility, and self-confidence.

CONCLUSIONS

This study proposed a five-step “SMART” intervention strategy for prevention of falls to be prospectively tested. SMART include Support from caregivers and use of assistive devices, Monitoring of falls, Awareness about falls, Reduction of hazards, and Training for safe mobility.
Impact of Anterior and Posterior Vault Distraction Osteogenesis (A-PVDO) and 3D-Printed Positioning/Shaping Templates in Apert Syndrome: A Case Series Study
Authors: Shen Weimin , Cui Jie , Ji Yi , Liang Liang Kong , Chen Jianbing
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This study seeks to examine the impact of anterior and posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (A-PVDO) in conjunction with 3D-printed positioning and shaping templates for the management of Apert syndrome.

Methods:

From January 2018 to February 2022, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 cases of Apert syndrome employing fronto-orbital 3D-printed positioning and molding templates. The cranium underwent surgical modification in accordance with the template’s configuration and was affixed with absorbable plates. Subsequently, distraction devices were applied, encompassing both anterior and posterior craniotomies. The evaluation encompassed clinical outcomes, complications (including cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection), safety, and the feasibility of the distraction osteogenesis procedure.

Results:

Six patients diagnosed with Apert syndrome underwent treatment involving the integration of fronto-orbital 3D-printed positioning and shaping templates in conjunction with anterior and posterior cranial distraction osteoplasty. Follow-up durations ranged from 18 to 32 months (average: 22 mo). No instances of fronto-orbital retraction, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or intracranial infection were noted during the follow-up period. The sole reported complication entailed an infection at the extension rod site in 1 case. All patients conveyed satisfaction with the treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

The application of 3D-printed positioning and shaping templates in tandem with anterior and posterior cranial distraction osteogenesis demonstrates efficacy in addressing Apert syndrome. Notably, significant enhancements in head shape and orbit were observed, and the incidence of postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection remained minimal. Moreover, long-term follow-up affirmed stability.
RESUSCITATIVE ENDOVASCULAR BALLOON OCCLUSION OF THE AORTA: ZONE 1 REPERFUSION-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY
Authors: Cralley Alexis L. , Moore Ernest E. , LaCroix Ian , Schaid TJ , Thielen Otto , Hallas William , Hom Patrick , Mitra Sanchayita , Kelher Marguerite , Hansen Kirk , Cohen Mitchell , Silliman Christopher , Sauaia Angela , Fox Charles J.
Published: February 2024

Objective: We sought to identify potential drivers behind resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) induced reperfusion coagulopathy using novel proteomic methods. Background: Coagulopathy associated with REBOA is poorly defined. The REBOA Zone 1 provokes hepatic and intestinal ischemia that may alter coagulation factor production and lead to molecular pathway alterations that compromises hemostasis. We hypothesized that REBOA Zone 1 would lead to reperfusion coagulopathy driven by mediators of fibrinolysis, loss of coagulation factors, and potential endothelial dysfunction. Methods: Yorkshire swine were subjected to a polytrauma injury (blast traumatic brain injury, tissue injury, and hemorrhagic shock). Pigs were randomized to observation only (controls, n = 6) or to 30 min of REBOA Zone 1 (n = 6) or REBOA Zone 3 (n = 4) as part of their resuscitation. Thromboelastography was used to detect coagulopathy. ELISA assays and mass spectrometry proteomics were used to measure plasma protein levels related to coagulation and systemic inflammation. Results: After the polytrauma phase, balloon deflation of REBOA Zone 1 was associated with significant hyperfibrinolysis (TEG results: REBOA Zone 1 35.50% versus control 9.5% vs. Zone 3 2.4%, P < 0.05). In the proteomics and ELISA results, REBOA Zone 1 was associated with significant decreases in coagulation factor XI and coagulation factor II, and significant elevations of active tissue plasminogen activator, plasmin-antiplasmin complex complexes, and syndecan-1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: REBOA Zone 1 alters circulating mediators of clot formation, clot lysis, and increases plasma levels of known markers of endotheliopathy, leading to a reperfusion-induced coagulopathy compared with REBOA Zone 3 and no REBOA.
Disparities Persist Among Hispanic Patients: Completing Evaluation, Waitlisting, and Receiving a Kidney Transplant
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Lee Jungwha , Kang Raymond , Uriarte Jefferson , Caicedo Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

Background.

Hispanic patients receive disproportionately fewer kidney transplants (KT) than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients. In this observational study, we evaluated disparities in completing evaluation steps to KT among Hispanic patients.

Methods.

Using medical records of Hispanic and NHW patients initiating evaluation at 4 transplant centers from January 2011 to March 2020, we performed sequential Cox models to compare Hispanic versus NHW patients reaching each step of the evaluation process until receiving a KT.

Results.

Among all 5197 patients (Hispanic n = 2473; NHW n = 2724) initiating evaluation, Hispanic patients had 8% lower risk to be approved by the kidney pancreas (KP) committee than NHW patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.92; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.86-0.98; P = 0.015). Among 3492 patients approved by the KP committee, Hispanic patients had 13% lower risk to be waitlisted than NHW patients (aHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94; P = 0.004). Among 3382 patients who were waitlisted, Hispanic patients had 11% lower risk than NHW patients to receive KT (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97; P = 0.011). Among all patients initiating evaluation, Hispanic patients had a 16% lower risk than NHW patients to reach KT (aHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.92; P = 0.0002).

Conclusions.

Our study found that disproportionately fewer Hispanic patients were approved by the KP committee, were waitlisted, and received a KT, particularly a living donor kidney transplant, than NHW patients. Closer oversight of the evaluation process may help patients overcome challenges in access to KT.
Exploring the genetic basis of natural resistance to microcins
Authors: Telhig Soufiane , Pham Nguyen Phuong , Ben Said Laila , Rebuffat Sylvie , Ouellette Marc , Zirah Séverine , Fliss Ismaïl
Published: February 2024

Enterobacteriaceae produce an arsenal of antimicrobial compounds including microcins, ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides showing diverse structures and mechanisms of action. Microcins target close relatives of the producing strain to promote its survival. Their narrow spectrum of antibacterial activity makes them a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics, as it should decrease the probability of resistance dissemination and collateral damage to the host’s microbiota. To assess the therapeutic potential of microcins, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to these molecules. In this study, we performed genomic analyses of the resistance to four microcins [microcin C, a nucleotide peptide; microcin J25, a lasso peptide; microcin B17, a linear azol(in)e-containing peptide; and microcin E492, a siderophore peptide] on a collection of 54 Enterobacteriaceae from three species: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A gene-targeted analysis revealed that about half of the microcin-resistant strains presented mutations of genes involved in the microcin mechanism of action, especially those involved in their uptake (fhuA, fepA, cirA and ompF). A genome-wide association study did not reveal any significant correlations, yet relevant genetic elements were associated with microcin resistance. These were involved in stress responses, biofilm formation, transport systems and acquisition of immunity genes. Additionally, microcin-resistant strains exhibited several mutations within genes involved in specific metabolic pathways, especially for S. enterica and K. pneumoniae.
Assessing scholarly communication competence in Zambian library professionals
Authors: Subaveerapandiyan A. , Sinha Priyanka
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess the scholarly communication competence of Zambian library and information science (LIS) professionals by evaluating their awareness, knowledge and practices regarding scholarly publication.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a quantitative research approach, the study used a specially designed questionnaire. Responses from 57 professionals across universities and colleges in Zambia were gathered using convenience sampling. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation calculations and t-values and p-values to understand respondents’ perceptions and knowledge of scholarly communication and publication.

Findings

The findings revealed significant gaps in respondents’ knowledge and awareness, particularly regarding predatory journals, journal selection factors, open-access models, publication challenges, reference management software (RMS) usage and research obstacles. The study underscored the necessity for increased training and capacity-building initiatives among Zambian LIS professionals to enhance their scholarly communication competence.

Originality/value

This research contributed to the field by highlighting deficiencies in scholarly communication awareness among Zambian LIS professionals. It emphasised the need for targeted interventions, awareness programs and educational support to improve academic literacy and scholarly publication practices. Additionally, the study suggested future research avenues, such as longitudinal studies and strategies for enhancing RMS adoption, to advance scholarly practices among Zambian professionals further.
Comparative analysis of different approaches to the Ukrainian residential property market evolution modelling and its forecast for the years 2019–2024
Authors: Yakubovsky Valery , Zhuk Kateryna
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various approaches to the residential property market evolution modelling and to examine the macroeconomic fundamentals that have shaped this market development in Ukraine in recent years.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a comprehensive data set encompassing relevant macroeconomic indicators and historical apartment prices. Multifactor linear regression (MLR) and ridge regression (RR) models are constructed to identify the impact of multiple predictors on apartment prices. Additionally, the ARIMAX model integrates time series analysis and external factors to enhance modelling and forecasting accuracy.

Findings

The investigation reveals that MLR and RR yield accurate predictions by considering a range of influential variables. The hybrid ARIMAX model further enhances predictive performance by fusing external indicators with time series analysis. These findings underscore the effectiveness of a multidimensional approach in capturing the complexity of housing price dynamics.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the real estate modelling and forecasting literature by providing an analysis of multiple linear regression, RR and ARIMAX models within the specific context of property price prediction in the turbulent Ukrainian real estate market. This comprehensive analysis not only offers insights into the performance of these methodologies but also explores their adaptability and robustness in a market characterized by evolving dynamics, including the significant influence of external geopolitical factors.
Revealing the potential of FinTech innovation through knowledge assets: a study of firm financial performance
Authors: Baig Mushahid Hussain , Xu Jin , Shahzad Faisal , Ali Rizwan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association of FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) and firm performance (FP) by considering the role of knowledge assets (KA) as a causal mechanism underlying the FinTechINN – FP association.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors consider panel data of 1,049 Chinese A-listed firm and construct a structural model for corporate FinTech innovation, knowledge assets and firm performance while considering endogeneity issues in analyses over the period of 2014–2022. The modified value added intellectual capital (VAIC) and research and development (R&D) expenses are used as a proxy measure for knowledge assets, considering governance and corporate performance measures.

Findings

According to the findings of this study FinTech innovation (FinTechINN) has a positive significant effect on firm performance. Particularly; the findings disclose that FinTech innovations has a link with knowledge assets, FinTech innovations indirectly affects firm performance, and the association between FinTech innovation and firm performance is partially mediated by knowledge assets (MVAIC and R&D expenses).

Originality/value

Rooted in the dynamic capability and resource-based view, this study pioneers an empirical exploration of the association of FinTech innovation with firm performance. Moreover, it introduces the novel dimension of knowledge assets (on firm-level), acting as a mediating factor with in this relationship.
Terrorism and its impact on the stock market: broad results from Tunisia
Authors: Saad Ghadi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of terrorist attacks on the volatility and returns of the stock market in Tunisia.

Design/methodology/approach

The employed sample comprises 1250 trading day from the Tunisian stock index (Tunindex) and stock closing prices of 64 firms listed on the Tunisian stock market (TSM) from January 2011 to October 2015. The research opts for the general autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and exponential generalized conditional heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) models framework in addition to the event study method to further assess the effect of terrorism on the Tunisian equity market.

Findings

The baseline results document a substantive impact of terrorism on the returns and volatility of the TSM index. In more details, the findings of the event study method show negative significant effects on mean abnormal returns with different magnitudes over the events dates. The outcomes propose that terrorism profoundly altered the behavior of the stock market and must receive sufficient attention in order to protect the financial market in Tunisia.

Originality/value

Very few evidence is found on the financial effects of terrorism over transition to democracy cases. This paper determines the salient reaction of the stock market to terrorism during democratic transition. The findings of this study shall have relevant implications for stock market participants and policymakers.
Temperature‐dependent dispersal and ectotherm species' distributions in a warming world
Authors: Amarasekare Priyanga
Published: February 2024

Dispersal is a crucial component of species' responses to climate warming. Warming‐induced changes in species' distributions are the outcome of how temperature affects dispersal at the individual level. Yet, there is little or no theory that considers the temperature dependence of dispersal when investigating the impacts of warming on species' distributions.

Here I take a first step towards filling this key gap in our knowledge. I focus on ectotherms, species whose body temperature depends on the environmental temperature, not least because they constitute the majority of biodiversity on the planet. I develop a mathematical model of spatial population dynamics that explicitly incorporates mechanistic descriptions of ectotherm life history trait responses to temperature. A novel feature of this framework is the explicit temperature dependence of all phases of dispersal: emigration, transfer and settlement.

I report three key findings. First, dispersal, regardless of whether it is random or temperature‐dependent, allows both tropical and temperate ectotherms to track warming‐induced changes in their thermal environments and to expand their distributions beyond the lower and upper thermal limits of their respective climate envelopes. In the absence of dispersal mortality, warming does not alter these new distributional limits.

Second, an analysis based solely on trait response data predicts that tropical ectotherms should be able to expand their distributions polewards to a greater degree than temperate ectotherms. Analysis of the dynamical model confirms this prediction. Tropical ectotherms have an advantage when moving to cooler climates because they experience lower within‐patch and dispersal mortality, and their higher thermal optima and maximal birth rates allow them to take advantage of the warmer parts of the year. Previous theory has shown that tropical ectotherms are more successful in invading and adapting the temperate climates than vice versa. This study provides the key missing piece, by showing how temperature‐dependent dispersal could facilitate both invasion and adaptation.

Third, dispersal mortality does not affect the poleward expansion of ectotherm distributions. But, it prevents both tropical and temperate ectotherms from maintaining sink populations in localities that are too warm to be viable in the absence of dispersal. Dispersal mortality also affects species' abundance patterns, causing a larger decline in abundance throughout the range when species disperse randomly rather than in response to thermal habitat suitability. In this way, dispersal mortality can facilitate the evolution of dispersal modes that maximize fitness in warmer thermal environments.
Green policies and financial development in G7 economies: An in‐depth analysis of environmental regulations and green economic growth
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Imran Muhammad , Ali Kishwar , Sattar Abdul
Published: February 2024

This comprehensive study explores the nuanced relationship between financial development and its determinants within the G7 nations, spanning the years 1990 to 2020. Motivated by the need to understand long‐term financial trends, we meticulously analyze key variables including total natural resource rent, Environmental Policy Stringency Index, total energy consumption, green gross domestic product (GDP), and foreign direct investment inflow. Employing rigorous diagnostic tests to ensure the robustness of our findings, advanced methodologies such as “Method of Moment Quantile Regression,” along with simulations of “Bootstrap Quantile Regression," “Panel Corrected Standard Errors,” and “Feasible Generalized Least Squares” regressions uncover the statistical significance and practical implications of our results. Our pivotal findings carry substantial implications for both individual G7 member states and the collective group. Highlighting a positive correlation between stringent environmental policies, measured by the Environmental Policy Stringency Index, and financial development, our study emphasizes the imperative for these nations to align economic and environmental policies. Striking a harmonious balance between resource management and sustainable environmental regulations not only fosters financial growth but also addresses global environmental concerns. Furthermore, the adverse impact of total energy consumption on financial development underscores the urgent need for G7 nations to prioritize energy efficiency and transition to sustainable sources, aligning with the global trend towards eco‐friendly practices. In response to these critical findings, we propose actionable policy measures. To align with the growing climate crisis and standardize green finance practices, we advocate for the establishment of a jointly funded Climate Resilience and Adaptation Fund and a unified Green Bond Framework within the G7. These measures not only enhance climate resilience and streamline sustainable investments but also demonstrate the G7's collective commitment to a greener and more prosperous future.
Controverted Elections, Electoral Controversy and the Scottish Privy Council, 1689–1708*
Authors: Tree Robert d.
Published: February 2024

Both the privy council and elections in early modern Scotland are understudied. The council itself has largely been described as a tool for crown management of elections. But it was fundamentally a court and standing committee charged with government administration, which was often supplicated to deal with cases of electoral impropriety and controversy. As elections became increasingly contested throughout the later 17th century, so the council's role developed into a form of elections committee which adjudicated over controverted elections. This, in some ways, reflected the business conducted by parliament's own elections committee, although the council was largely concerned with elections in the royal burghs while it also dealt with other electoral issues. This article explores the privy council's engagement in a complex range of electoral business between the Revolution of 1689 and its abolition in 1708.
Pittite Triumph and Whig Failure in the Cambridge University Constituency, 1780–96*
Authors: Cowan David
Published: February 2024

Cambridge University has been featured in a wide range of studies of the long 18th century, but few have focused exclusively on the dynamics behind its politics. This is surprising since many of the Cambridge University electors were close to leading parliamentarians. The Cambridge University constituency was contested at each of the three successive general elections from 1780 onwards until 1796. Parliamentary contests often brought Cambridge University's political tensions into focus, which is why a detailed analysis of the poll books can demonstrate how different networks within the university behaved and could define the performance of candidates for the constituency. The relationships between the chancellors, vice‐chancellors, high stewards, university officers, college heads, fellows, senate members and members of parliament who collectively made up the leadership are fundamental to understanding the electorate of Cambridge University. These relationships, in terms of friendships, alliances and rivalries, also influenced political and patronage networks within the university. William Pitt the Younger's success in changing the political complexion of Cambridge University is part of the broader realignment in British politics during the final two decades of the 18th century. Under the pressure of these events, Whig unity would come to an end as new divisions between ministerialists and reformers emerged. The experience of Cambridge University can shed light on the national shifts as well as how electioneering was carried out in the university parliamentary constituencies.
Can artificial intelligence reduce the effect of independence conflicts on audit firm liability?
Authors: Libby Robert , Witz Patrick D.
Published: February 2024

In this study, we examine whether the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can reduce the effect of independence conflicts on audit firm liability. In two experiments, we manipulate (1) whether procedures are performed by a human auditor or with AI and (2) whether the audit firm was careful in maintaining the appearance of independence from the audit client. Results of both experiments indicate that the use of AI significantly reduces the impact of the appearance of independence conflicts on jurors' judgments of audit firm liability. When concerns relating to the appearance of independence conflicts are present, the use of AI helps maintain the perceived objectivity of the auditor, which results in jurors maintaining higher overall trust in the audit process. Our study contributes to literature on determinants of auditor litigation risk and how technological change that is likely to grow in prominence might affect audit firm liability.
Longitudinal effects of disaster‐related experiences on problem drinking among Fukushima nuclear plant workers
Authors: Tajima Tomokazu , Ikeda Ai , Shigemura Jun , Tanigawa Takeshi
Published: February 2024

Background

In the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster of March 11, 2011, plant workers were exposed to various traumatic events and reported a subsequent increase in alcohol use. To determine the relationship between disaster‐related experiences and problem drinking, we conducted a three‐year follow‐up study.

Methods

Problem drinking among the nuclear plant workers was assessed annually from 2012–2014 using a modified version of the CAGE questionnaire that asked about current, rather than lifetime, drinking. A total of 1378 workers provided at least one CAGE response, and 2875 observations were used in the present analysis. Mixed‐effects logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between disaster‐related experiences and problem drinking over time.

Results

The prevalence of problem drinking (CAGE score ≥2) increased over time. At the baseline assessment in 2012, a year after the disaster, plant workers who had experienced life‐threatening danger and discrimination had significantly more symptoms of problem drinking, which persisted over the following 2 years. Although at baseline, plant workers who had experienced major property loss or the death of a colleague showed no significant differences in problem drinking symptoms from those without such experiences, over the next 2 years their problem drinking increased significantly.

Conclusions

Individuals who experienced life‐threatening danger and discrimination during the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster reported an increase in problem drinking. Although major property loss and the death of a colleague did not elevate problem drinking prevalence at baseline, it did so over the next 2 years. Different adverse effects of a natural disaster appear to differentially increase drinking behavior over time.
Preconception anti‐annexin A5 antibodies are associated with subsequent live birth in women with recurrent miscarriage: A retrospective study from China
Authors: Mu Fangxiang , Wang Chen , Liu Ling , Wang Fang
Published: February 2024

Problem

To evaluate the correlation between the antiannexin A5 antibodies (aAnxA5) multiples of median (MOM) and subsequent pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage (RM).

Methods

Totally, 310 RM women were included in this study and grouped into tertiles according to their MOM of preconception aAnxA5 circulating levels determined by ELISA. The effect of aAnxA5 on the pregnancy outcomes was performed using multiple logistic regression. The outcomes included early miscarriage (before 10 weeks of gestation), late miscarriage (between 10 and 24 weeks), ongoing pregnancy (beyond 10 weeks), and live birth (after 24 weeks) characterized by pregnancy with fetal heartbeat.

Results

For each unit increase in aAnxA5 MOM, the odds of live birth after 24 weeks and ongoing pregnancy were reduced by 40.2% (OR = .598; 95%CI 0.406–0.882, P = .010) and 38.1% (OR = .619; 95%CI 0.424–0.904, P = .013), respectively, after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. The rise in aAnxA5 MOM was associated with an increased risk of early miscarriage (OR = 1.616; 95%CI 1.106–2.361, P = .013) and miscarriage (early + late miscarriage) (OR = 1.671; 95%CI 1.134–2.464, P = .010). Further subgroup analyses showed a decreased risk of live birth rates after 24 weeks of gestation in the two subgroups: maternal age ≥35 years (OR = .131; 95%CI 0.026–0.652), and previous pregnancy loss ≥ 3 (OR = .381; 95%CI 0.173–0.837).

Conclusions

Higher preconception aAnxA5 MOM levels in women with RM may be linked with a decreased risk of live birth after 24 weeks and an increased risk of early miscarriage, especially in individuals aged ≥35 years or with previous pregnancy losses ≥3.
Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation does not improve measures of sarcopenia in cirrhosis: results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hey Penelope , Hoermann Rudolf , Sinclair Marie , Chapman Brooke , Testro Adam , Apostolov Ross , Angus Peter , Gow Paul
Published: February 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in cirrhosis. Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) target several pathways that lead to muscle loss in this population.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the impact of BCAA supplementation on sarcopenia measures in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

We conducted a 12‐month double‐blinded, randomised, controlled trial of BCAA supplementation (30 g daily) compared to an equicaloric, equi‐nitrogenous whey protein in volunteers with cirrhosis and reduced muscle strength. The primary endpoint was an increase in grip strength and upper limb lean mass measured on DEXA. Mean‐adjusted differences (MAD, 95% CI) between groups at 6 and 12 months are reported as treatment effect using a linear mixed model for repeated measures.

Results

A total of 150 volunteers entered the trial (74 BCAA, 76 control), with a median age of 58 years [IQR 48; 63] and MELD of 14 [12; 17]. At 12 months, 57% in the BCAA arm and 61% in the control arm met the primary endpoint (p = 0.80). No significant between‐group difference was found in grip strength (MAD ‐0.15 kg [−0.37; 0.06], p = 0.29) or upper limb lean mass (1.7 kg [−0.2; 3.6], p = 0.22) at 12 months. No significant differences in other body composition parameters, physical performance, frailty, rates of hospitalisation or mortality were found between the BCAA and the control group. Fatigue improved across the entire cohort, without significant between‐group differences. 15% of volunteers reported side effects, with distaste higher in the BCAA arm (p = 0.045).

Conclusion

BCAA supplementation did not improve measures of muscle strength, mass or performance or physical frailty compared to a whey protein supplement in a randomised controlled setting. ACTRN12618000802202.
Beyond hard workout: A multimodal framework for personalised running training with immersive technologies
Authors: Cardenas Hernandez Fernando Pedro , Schneider Jan , Di Mitri Daniele , Jivet Ioana , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: February 2024

Training to run is not straightforward since without proper personalised supervision and planning, people will not improve their performance and will increase the risk of injuries. This study aims to identify the different factors that influence running training programmes, examining the benefits, challenges or limitations of personalised plans. Moreover, this study explores how multimodal, immersive and artificial intelligence technologies can support personalised training. We conducted an exploratory sequential mixed research consisting of interviews with 11 running coaches from different countries and a survey of 12 running coaches. Based on the interviews and survey analysis, we identified and extracted relevant factors of the training process. We identified four relevant aspects for running training: physical, technical, mental and body awareness. Using these aspects as a reference, we derived a framework using a bottom‐up approach. This framework proposes multimodal, immersive and artificial intelligence technologies to facilitate personalised running training. It also allows coaches to personally guide their athletes on each aspect.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Running is a popular sport that provides health benefits and is practised by many people around the world.

Training is a process that enables athletes to improve their development in various aspects of their sport; in the case of running, it helps them to increase their speed and endurance.

Personalised training supports the needs and abilities of athletes, by helping them to achieve their potential through individualised activities or programmes.

Sports science research indicates that personalised training can be improved by applying technology to tackle its challenges and limitations.

What this paper adds

We show that personalising the training requires not only focusing on the runners' physical condition but also on their mental, technical and body awareness aspects, where each of them has a different adaptation to training.

We show that multimodal and immersive technologies offer suitable and portable ways to measure and target the mental and body awareness aspects during running training.

Implications for practice and/or policy

This paper presents a list of factors, measures and devices that coaches can use to plan and design their training sessions in a more personalised manner.

This study can serve as a foundation for future research that aims to identify and target the various factors that influence the learning and training of sports.
Cognitive Science From the Perspective of Linguistic Diversity
Authors: Kim Yoolim , Tjuka Annika
Published: February 2024

This letter addresses two issues in language research that are important to cognitive science: the comparability of word meanings across languages and the neglect of an integrated approach to writing systems. The first issue challenges generativist claims by emphasizing the importance of comparability of data, drawing on typologists’ findings about different languages. The second issue addresses the exclusion of diverse writing systems from linguistic investigation and argues for a more extensive study of their effects on language and cognition. We argue for a refocusing of cognitive science research on linguistic diversity in all modalities to develop the most robust understanding of language and its role in human cognition more broadly.