bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulator and on-road testing of truck platooning: a systematic review
Authors: Botelho Telmo Costa , Duarte Sérgio Pedro , Ferreira Marta Campos , Ferreira Sara , Lobo António
Published: January 2025

The evolution of transport technologies, marked by integrating connectivity and automation, has led to innovative approaches such as truck platooning. This concept involves linking multiple trucks through automated driving and vehicle-to-vehicle communication, promising to revolutionize the freight industry by enhancing efficiency and reducing operational costs. This systematic review explores the current state of truck platooning testing literature, focusing on simulator and on-road tests. The objective is to identify key scenarios and requirements for successfully developing and implementing the truck platooning concept. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched the Web of Science and Scopus databases, leading to the inclusion of thirty pertinent articles encompassing simulation-based, on-road, and mixed-environment experiments. In addition to the type of testing environment, these articles were assorted into three groups corresponding to their main thematic scope, human-centered, technology-centered, and energy efficiency studies, each providing unique insights into core themes for the development of truck platooning. The results reveal a commonly preferred platoon formation consisting of three trucks maintaining a constant speed of 80 km/h and a stable distance of 10 m between them. Simulator-based studies have predominantly concentrated on human factors, examining driver behavior and interaction within the platooning framework. In contrast, on-road trials have yielded tangible data, offering a more technology-driven perspective and contributing practical insights to the field. While the literature on truck platooning has grown considerably, this review recognizes some limitations in the existing literature and suggests paths for future research. Overall, this systematic review provides valuable insights to the ongoing development of robust and effective truck platooning systems.
Inequality of earnings and housing costs – developments between and within regions
Authors: Breidenbach Philipp , Schaffner Sandra
Published: January 2025

Household well-being is strongly influenced by changes in income – but real income is strongly determined by housing costs. The evolution of inequalities in both variables largely determines the development of living conditions between households. In this paper, we look at inequality trends between 2008 and 2017 from a regional perspective – between and within regions. While neighborhood earnings inequality has generally declined slightly, it is rising within Germany’s largest cities. On the other hand, inequality in rents has less declined within those cities than in the rest of Germany, corresponding to price increases in poorer neighborhoods, too. Households in these poor neighborhoods thus suffer from a below-average earnings development, while it seems that the main costs caused by new rentals increase similar to the rest of the city.
Case report: a rare concurrence of dense deposit disease in an adolescent patient with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Jian-Hui , Yu Hong-Ping , Chen Ying , Chen Qian , Zheng Xiao-Ling , Luo Jie-Wei , Zhang Li
Published: January 2025

Background

Dense deposit disease (DDD) is a rare renal disorder major affecting adolescents and children, characterized by an absence of distinctive clinical symptoms. Its coexistence with other renal conditions complicates both diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Case presentation

We described a 15-year-old male adolescent presenting with nephrotic syndrome as the initial manifestation, with urinalysis indicating significantly elevated protein and erythrocytes. Unexpectedly, the renal pathological biopsy of the patient exhibited strong positivity for both IgA and C3, characterized by petaloid deposition of C3 along glomerular capillary loops and the glomerular mesangial region, as well as linear deposition in Bowman’s capsule and portions of the renal tubular basement membrane. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with both DDD and IgA nephropathy. The presence of both in a single patient may result in more intricate pathogenic pathways.

Conclusions

This specific case elucidates the pathological characteristics of both diseases while investigating the intricate connections and lesion correlations that may occur between them, offering novel insights into their pathogenesis.
Towards a decision support system for post bariatric hypoglycaemia: development of forecasting algorithms in unrestricted daily-life conditions
Authors: Prendin Francesco , Streicher Olivia , Cappon Giacomo , Rolfes Eva , Herzig David , Bally Lia , Facchinetti Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background

Post bariatric hypoglycaemic (PBH) is a late complication of weight loss surgery, characterised by critically low blood glucose levels following meal-induced glycaemic excursions. The disabling consequences of PBH underline the need for the development of a decision support system (DSS) that can warn individuals about upcoming PBH events, thus enabling preventive actions to avoid impending episodes. In view of this, we developed various algorithms based on linear and deep learning models to forecast PBH episodes in the short-term.

Methods

We leveraged a dataset obtained from 50 patients with PBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, monitored for up to 50 days under unrestricted real-life conditions. Algorithms’ performance was assessed by measuring Precision, Recall, F1-score, False-alarms-per-day and Time Gain (TG).

Results

The run-to-run forecasting algorithm based on recursive autoregressive model (rAR) outperformed the other techniques, achieving Precision of 64.38%, Recall of 84.43%, F1-score of 73.06%, a median TG of 10 min and 1 false alarm every 6 days. More complex deep learning models demonstrated similar median TG but inferior forecasting capabilities with F1-score ranging from 54.88% to 64.10%.

Conclusions

Real-time forecasting of PBH events using CGM data as a single input imposes high demands on various types of prediction algorithms, with CGM data noise and rapid postprandial glucose dynamics representing the key challenges. In this study, the run-to-run rAR yielded most satisfactory results with accurate PBH event predictive capacity and few false alarms, thereby indicating potential for the development of DSS for people with PBH.
A randomized controlled, trial on effects of mobile phone text messaging in combination with motivational interviewing versus standard infant feeding counselling on breastfeeding and child health outcomes, among women living with HIV
Authors: Zunza Moleen , Thabane Lehana , Kuhn Louise , Els Christine , Lombard Carl , Cotton Mark F. , Young Taryn
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite efforts to promote optimal breastfeeding practices, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is low in South Africa. We conducted a trial to determine whether text messaging plus motivational interviewing prolonged exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life and improved child health outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a randomized parallel group-controlled trial between July 2022 and May 2024, at a secondary-level healthcare facility. Mothers living with HIV, 18 years or older, initiating breastfeeding, on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and their infants were enrolled. The primary endpoint was exclusive breastfeeding from birth through week 24, based on the consecutive 24-hour food recall interviews. We compared differences in exclusive breastfeeding rates using a proportion test. Mothers who completely stopped breastfeeding were asked an open-ended question on reasons for stopping breastfeeding.

Results

Using block randomization mother-child pairs (n = 276) were randomly allocated to receive intervention (n = 138) or standard infant feeding counselling (n = 138), of whom 105 and 101 mother-child pairs in the intervention group and standard care group, respectively, completed all four study visits. Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 24 weeks in the intervention group was 6% (6/105) and 7% (7/101) in the standard care group, rate difference − 1% (95% CI -6–4%). Sixty-two of 276 mothers completely stopped breastfeeding, of whom 25% (34/138) and 20% (28) were in the intervention group and standard care group, respectively. The most common reasons for stopping breastfeeding were the mother needing to return to work or look for work, 66% (n = 41). We also found that early breastfeeding cessation increased risk of child hospitalization or death compared to any form of breastfeeding to week 24, 10% (5/48) versus 3% (5/158), p = 0.055.

Conclusions

We found no effect of the intervention on exclusive breastfeeding rates. Early cessation of breastfeeding was prevalent and maternal employment characteristics are important social determinants of breastfeeding behaviour. There is need for further research evaluating the effect of interventions that include financial incentives on breastfeeding practices among socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers. HIV services should reliably offer cART, consistently monitor viral load, and support mothers cART adherence, in settings where mixed feeding is common.

Trial registration

The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05063240) and Pan African Clinical Trial Registries (PACTR202110870407786) before recruitment of the first subject.
Genetic context modulates aging and degeneration in the murine retina
Authors: Marola Olivia J. , MacLean Michael , Cossette Travis L. , Diemler Cory A. , Hewes Amanda A. , Reagan Alaina M. , Kanyinda Jonathan Nyandu , Skelly Daniel A. , Howell Gareth R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Age is the principal risk factor for neurodegeneration in both the retina and brain. The retina and brain share many biological properties; thus, insights into retinal aging and degeneration may shed light onto similar processes in the brain. Genetic makeup strongly influences susceptibility to age-related retinal disease. However, studies investigating retinal aging have not sufficiently accounted for genetic diversity. Therefore, examining molecular aging in the retina across different genetic backgrounds will enhance our understanding of human-relevant aging and degeneration in both the retina and brain—potentially improving therapeutic approaches to these debilitating conditions.

Methods

Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate retinal aging signatures in nine genetically diverse mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ, NZO/HlLtJ, WSB/EiJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhK, NOD/ShiLtJ, A/J, and BALB/cJ) across lifespan. These data predicted human disease-relevant changes in WSB and NZO strains. Accordingly, B6, WSB, and NZO mice were subjected to human-relevant in vivo examinations at 4, 8, 12, and/or 18M, including: slit lamp, fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and pattern/full-field electroretinography. Retinal morphology, vascular structure, and cell counts were assessed ex vivo.

Results

We identified common molecular aging signatures across the nine mouse strains, which included genes associated with photoreceptor function and immune activation. Genetic background strongly modulated these aging signatures. Analysis of cell type-specific marker genes predicted age-related loss of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in WSB and NZO, respectively. Fundus exams revealed retinitis pigmentosa-relevant pigmentary abnormalities in WSB retinas and diabetic retinopathy (DR)-relevant cotton wool spots and exudates in NZO retinas. Profound photoreceptor dysfunction and loss were confirmed in WSB. Molecular analyses indicated changes in photoreceptor-specific proteins prior to loss, suggesting photoreceptor-intrinsic dysfunction in WSB. In addition, age-associated RGC dysfunction, loss, and concomitant microvascular dysfunction were observed in NZO mice. Proteomic analyses revealed an early reduction in protective antioxidant processes, which may underlie increased susceptibility to DR-relevant pathology in NZO.

Conclusions

Genetic context is a strong determinant of retinal aging, and our multi-omics resource can aid in understanding age-related diseases of the eye and brain. Our investigations identified and validated WSB and NZO mice as improved preclinical models relevant to common retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
The effect of the APOE4 genotype on physiological and cognitive health in randomised controlled trials with an exercise intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Spencer Felicity S. E. , Elsworthy Richard J. , Breen Leigh , Bishop Jon R. B. , Dunleavy Connor , Aldred Sarah
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Randomised controlled trials have investigated whether the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, APOE4, impacts the effectiveness of exercise on health. Systematic reviews are yet to evaluate the effect of exercise on physical and cognitive outcomes in APOE genotyped participants. A quality assessment of these randomised controlled trials is needed to understand the impact genotype has on the potential success of intervention. This systematic review aimed to determine if the APOE4 genotype influences the effectiveness of exercise-based randomised controlled trials.

Method

Searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO identified eligible exercise based randomised controlled trials incorporating participants with varied cognitive abilities. Quality assessments were conducted.

Results

Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, and 3 for the meta-analysis. Very low to moderate quality evidence showed that APOE4 carriers benefitted more than APOE4 non-carriers on cognitive (e.g. executive function, learning) and physical (e.g. relative telomere length) outcomes after exercise; and that APOE4 non-carriers benefited over carriers for physical (serum BDNF, gait speed) and cognitive (global cognition, verbal memory) markers. Very low quality evidence indicated that there was no evidence of difference between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers on physical function outcomes in meta-analysis. Several areas of study design and reporting, including maintenance of relative exercise intensity and complete statistical reporting, were identified as needing improvement.

Discussion

This systematic review found very limited evidence to suggest that exercise interventions can benefit APOE4 carriers and non-carriers equally, though conclusions were limited by evidence quality. Further randomised controlled trials, stratifying participants by APOE status are required to better understand the relationship between APOE genotype and the effect of exercise on health-related outcomes.

Trial registration

This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023436842). Registered on June 16, 2023.
Multifunctional probiotic and safety attributes Heyndrickxia coagulans isolated from stingless bee honey
Authors: Prakit Benyapa , Chaiyod Rungravee , Khongkool Kittiya , Chanasit Wankuson , Lertworapreecha Monthon
Published: January 2025

Background

Heyndrickxia coagulans, recognized for its probiotic attributes and resilience as an endospore-forming bacterium, is increasingly studied for health supplement applications. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential and safety of novel H. coagulans isolated from stingless bee honey, a new source for this bacterium, and to characterize their multifunctional probiotic properties.

Results

We isolated two novel H. coagulans, TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, and conducted comprehensive in vitro analyses to assess their probiotic traits such as acid and bile salt tolerance, self-aggregation, and pathogen inhibition. Both isolates were also evaluated for safety through antibiotic susceptibility testing and hemolytic activity. Functional properties, including GABA production, antioxidant activity, were examined to establish their potential as probiotics. TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261 exhibited core probiotic characteristics and showed excellent survivability under acidic conditions and in the presence of bile salts. They displayed strong antimicrobial activity against various pathogens and demonstrated significant GABA production and antioxidant capabilities. The safety assessments confirmed their non-hemolytic nature and susceptibility to a wide range of antibiotics.

Conclusion

The novel H. coagulans isolates, TBRC-18260 and TBRC-18261, with their robust probiotic properties, antioxidant activities, and safety profiles, emerged as promising candidates for the development of functional foods and dietary supplements. This study enhances the biodiversity of available probiotics and supports the continuous search for novel strains with unique health-promoting characteristics.
An analysis of the current and potential market opportunities for hempseed and fibre: the case of Scotland?
Authors: Dogbe Wisdom , Revoredo-Giha Cesar , Russell Wendy
Published: January 2025

Background

The growing demand for eco-friendly food and industrial products have renewed interest in industrial hemp which is a low-cost, biodegradable, sustainable, and multi-purpose plant. Many countries in Europe and Asia have changed their laws to take advantage of the tremendous benefits that industrial hemp present. However, the development of the sector in Scotland is very slow due to stringent laws. The goal of the present study is to present policymakers with economic data on the current and potential market opportunities for industrial hemp, trends in new product development, and the state of the hemp supply chain. This study entails desk-based research primary and secondary data analysis. Primary data were collected from farmers in Aberdeenshire and Scottish borders, and secondary data were collected from the FAOSTATS Office of National Statistics and the Global New Product Database.

Results

The results of this study show that the opportunities from hemp seed and fibre are vast: hemp can sequester more carbon dioxide than traditional crops can, improve soil biodiversity, extract toxins from soil through phytoremediation, be used as an eco-friendly insecticide and pesticide, and provide an excellent source of protein, fibre and micronutrient vitamins and minerals, as well as a range of bioactive phytochemicals. The GNPD reveals that over 4000 hemp-based products have been launched worldwide. However, the supply chain for Scottish-grown hemp faces significant bottlenecks. The sector lacks a well-established market route, faces a high licensing costs, lacks hemp seed-pressing centres, etc.

Conclusion

This study is relevant because it is the first study to provide a comprehensive analysis of the industrial hemp sector in Scotland. This study makes time-bound recommendations to grow the hemp sector in Scotland, which include regular extension services, easy access to licences for production, the establishment of a hempseed and fibre processing plants, and seed production centre.
Adverse events associated with IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of psoriasis: a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Shi Wentao , Zhao Ziyi , Zhai Yinghong , Ye Xiaofei , Xu Feng
Published: January 2025

Background

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) inhibitors and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab constitute a pivotal class of therapeutic agents employed in the clinical management of Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder. Notwithstanding their therapeutic efficacy, concerns have arisen due to the emergence of multiple adverse events (AEs) associated with their usage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the distribution and characteristics of these AEs concerning IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors, with a specific focus on guselkumab, tildrakizumab, risankizumab, and ustekinumab.

Methods

In this research endeavor, we conducted an extensive analysis of data extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), spanning the timeframe from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2022. To identify potential signals of AEs, we rigorously applied disproportionality analysis, utilizing both reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) metrics. A signal was considered present when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ROR (ROR025) exceeded one or when IC (IC025) surpassed zero, with a minimum requirement of three or more reported cases.

Results

Our investigation encompassed a substantial dataset, comprising a total of 41,408,408 reports detailing drug-AE associations and involving 13,271,168 individuals. Among these, 704, 13,164, and 11,399 patients were identified as users of the IL-23 inhibitors tildrakizumab, guselkumab, and risankizumab, respectively, while 62,853 patients were identified as users of the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab. The analysis revealed the presence of 8, 20, 107, and 115 signals for these respective drugs. Significantly, the System Organ Class (SOC) exhibiting the highest incidence was “infections and infestations,” with documented occurrences in tildrakizumab (6/8), guselkumab (5/20), ustekinumab (50/107), and risankizumab (25/115).

Conclusion

Our pharmacovigilance analysis has brought to light a substantial frequency of AEs linked to IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors. These findings underscore the pivotal role of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in modulating immune function and raise concerns regarding their potential to heighten susceptibility to infections and malignancies. However, limitations inherent to the FAERS database, including underreporting, lack of denominator data, potential duplicate records, and inability to confirm causality, should be acknowledged of particular significance is risankizumab, which, despite having fewer reported cases and a later market introduction compared to ustekinumab, exhibited a higher incidence of AEs. These results emphasize the necessity for ongoing vigilance, further investigation, and a reevaluation of the safety profile of IL-23 and IL-12/23 inhibitors in the clinical management of Psoriasis.
Leveraging machine learning for enhanced reservoir permeability estimation in geothermal hotspots: a case study of the Williston Basin
Authors: Koray Abdul-Muaizz , Gyimah Emmanuel , Metwally Mohamed , Rahnema Hamid , Tomomewo Olusegun
Published: January 2025

Geothermal energy is a large, renewable, and clean source of energy from the earth in the form of heat. Exploring the deeper layers of the Williston Basin has revealed favorable reservoir temperatures, particularly in the western areas where high heat flows are prevalent. The quality of a geothermal hotspot hinges on the reservoir quality index (RQI), which is determined by the accuracy of calculating the field reservoir permeability. The primary goal of this study is to apply machine learning techniques to accurately calculate the field permeability, which is important for optimizing the RQI. To enhance accuracy, we initially applied various clustering algorithms, including the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), K-means, K-median, and hierarchical clustering methods, to delineate hydraulic flow units (HFU) within the reservoir using porosity, permeability and water saturation core data. Subsequently, regression models including supervised ML regression methods such as neural networks, support vector machine (SVM) regression, Gaussian process regression (GPR), ensemble regression, linear regression, and decision trees were employed for each flow unit to establish correlations and calculate field permeability with each of these models validated using cross-validation. In comparison to the other clustering methods, the hierarchical clustering method showed the best performance by showing a strong correlation between the actual and predicted permeability values. Overall, the SVM and GPR regression methods were observed to show consistent results with the training and testing datasets, with the SVM regression technique yielding higher R-squared values through regression across the different clustering techniques. In addition, cross-plots were employed to successfully delineate the Red River formation into distinct regions, aiding in the definition of formation lithology and the estimation of field water saturation. Our study showcases an integrated approach to predicting reservoir permeability, considering limited core data. ML emerges as an effective tool for characterizing the Red River formation as a geothermal hotspot in North Dakota, showcasing the potential for sustainable energy exploration and utilization which reduces the reliance on extensive coring in order to enhance geothermal exploration accuracy.
Impact of an adaptive environment based on learning analytics on pre-service science teacher behavior and self-regulation
Authors: Abouelenein Yousri Attia Mohamed , Selim Shaimaa Abdul Salam , Aldosemani Tahani Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Learning analytics provides valuable data to inform the best decisions for each learner. This study, based on adaptive environment (AE) learning analytics dashboards, examines how instructor interventions affect student self-regulation abilities and academic performance. It identifies the self-regulation categories requiring the most support to correct learning paths. Little is known about how interventions in an AE can influence learners' self-regulation based on performance indicators, particularly in science education. The study included 95 Faculty of Education and the Department of Science students. Using a longitudinal clustering approach, researchers identified three unique self-regulated learning (SRL) profiles: oriented, adaptive, and minimally self-regulated learners. While the results showed that the learning analyses were useful in guiding the process of appropriate interventions through an adaptive environment for each student by providing indicators and raising the level of self-regulation for each group separately, the results also showed that there was no change in the classification of self-regulation into groups and that no students moved between groups. These findings highlight the complexity of SRL, suggesting that while interventions can impact engagement and behavior, they may not be sufficient to change the learner's underlying profile. In academic performance, statistically significant differences were found, with the oriented self-regulation group outperforming the adaptive and minimally self-regulated groups. The findings underscore the importance of learning analytics and their indicators for timely interventions in adaptive environments. Additionally, the AE was highly effective, offering students opportunities to review material, which improved their study techniques, test-taking strategies, and overall learning experience.
Together throughout the year: seasonal patterns of bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities in a macrotidal estuary
Authors: Hervé Vincent , Morelle Jérôme , Lambourdière Josie , Lopez Pascal Jean , Claquin Pascal
Published: January 2025

Background

Estuaries are complex ecosystems linking river and marine environments, where microorganisms play a key role in maintaining ecosystem functions. In the present study, we investigated monthly 8 sites at two depth layers and over a one-year period the bacterial and eukaryotic community dynamics along the Seine macrotidal estuary (Normandy, France). To date, the taxonomy of the microbial diversity present in this anthropized estuary remains elusive and the drivers of the microbial community structure are still unknown.

Results

The metabarcoding analysis of 147 samples revealed both a high bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteriodota, Actinobacteriota and Bacillariophyta, Spirotrichea, Dinophyceae, respectively. Along the estuary we only detected significant spatial patterns in the bacterial and eukaryotic community compositions for three and two months out of twelve, respectively. However, we found a clear seasonal effect on the diversity of both microbial communities driven by physical and chemical variables that were fluctuating over the year (temperature, irradiance, river flow). Biotic associations were also significant drivers of both alpha and beta diversity. Throughout the year, we identified a diverse and abundant core microbiota composed of 74 bacterial and 41 eukaryotic OTUs. These regionally abundant species include habitat generalists encompassing heterotrophs, phototrophs and consumers. Yet, many of these core OTUs remain taxonomically and functionally poorly assigned.

Conclusions

This molecular survey represents a milestone in the understanding of macrotidal estuary dynamics and the Seine ecosystem, through the identification of putative markers of ecosystem functioning. It also identifies seasons and biotic associations as main drivers of the Seine estuary microbiota and reveals the importance of a core microbiota throughout the year.
Unveiling engineering students’ challenges and coping strategies in English-medium instruction: a Q methodology study
Authors: Charoenpornsook Vararin , Thumvichit Athip
Published: January 2025

English-medium instruction (EMI) is gaining popularity in higher education (HE) worldwide, with the aim of enhancing students’ English proficiency and professional abilities. However, many students still struggle with learning various subjects in English. While the challenges in EMI are widely discussed in many studies, it is necessary to look into the specific coping strategies students employ. Using Q methodology, this study examines the challenges in EMI and corresponding coping strategies among engineering students. The participants included 47 current and former undergraduate engineering students at a Thai university. To investigate the students’ subjective perspectives, Q sorting tasks with 40 statements were administered, followed by interviews. The data were analyzed using Brown centroid factor analysis with varimax rotation to determine similar patterns across Q sorts. The findings revealed that different group of engineering students have various perspectives on EMI challenges and coping strategies, focusing on cultural, linguistics, structural and institutional challenges. Both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies have been found crucial in addressing these difficulties. The study highlights the need of student orientations, customized teaching methods, and course content that is appropriate for students’ background and language proficiency. Enhancing interactions between Thai and international students is recommended to promote a supportive learning environment. The findings offer valuable insights for the development of EMI engineering programs that cater to the unique needs of students.
Inside the impulsive brain: a narrative review on the role of neurobiological, hormonal and genetic factors influencing impulsivity in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Raji Hannah , Dinesh Susha , Sharma Sameer
Published: January 2025

This abstract delves into the intricate nature of impulsivity and its ramifications across psychiatric disorders, leveraging advancements in neuroimaging and psychological studies. It elucidates diverse facets of impulsivity, encompassing response, choice, and tendencies, emphasizing its pivotal role in executive functioning and social development. The intricate interplay of hormonal influences, specifically cortisol, adrenaline, and testosterone, is meticulously examined, unveiling associations between elevated cortisol levels, excessive adrenaline release, and heightened impulsivity. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) assumes a central role in decision-making and emotional regulation, demonstrating correlations with conditions, such as antisocial behavior and mood disorders. Substantial contributions from neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin to impulsive behavior underscore the imperative need for genetic and neurochemical investigations to identify factors crucial for effective management. Interconnections between stress, impulsivity, and decision-making are accentuated, particularly in mood disorders. Hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, in conjunction with the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, play pivotal roles in conditions like major depressive disorder. Concurrently, leptin resistance exerts influence over appetite and mood regulation. The nexus between impulsivity and substance use disorders emphasizes the intricate involvement of neurobiological, neurotransmitter, and genetic components, guiding targeted interventions. Recognition of gender-specific impulsive behaviors and hormonal influences is imperative for tailoring treatment plans. Advocating a comprehensive approach that integrates hormonal assessments with clinical evaluations, taking into account the neurobiological context, is essential. While serotonin systems show promise for treating impulsive aggressiveness, challenges encompass intricate hormonal interactions, ethical considerations, limited treatment options, and the necessity for individualized approaches. Addressing these intricacies is pivotal for advancing knowledge and formulating effective interventions for Impulsive Control Disorders.
Oncological challenges in GFAP-positive anaplastic meningioma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Le Minh Huu Nhat , Tran Nghia Minh , Ho Thinh Linh , Pham Ky Vo , Le Vo Quynh-Nhu , Huynh Duy T. K. , Do Huynh Phuong Thao , Nguyen Phat Tuan , Diaz Michael J. , Le Nhi Huu Hanh , Huynh Han Hong , Nguyen Dang , Tang Minh Phuong , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh
Published: January 2025

Background

Meningiomas are typically found in adults, with an average diagnosis age of 66. However, they can occur in children, presenting unique clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics. This report explores a rare pediatric case of anaplastic meningioma, highlighting the diagnostic and treatment challenges involved.

Clinical finding, lab result, image result, histopathology result

This patient’s clinical presentation and imaging studies suggested an intracranial tumor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma. Notably, the tumor exhibited rare GFAP positivity, atypical for meningiomas, and a high Ki-67 index, indicating a significant risk of recurrence.

Treatment

The tumor was successfully removed surgically, and the patient recovered without complications. No additional therapy was planned.

Conclusion

Surgery is the primary treatment for symptomatic meningiomas, with generally low mortality rates in pediatric cases. This case emphasizes the diagnostic complexity of pediatric meningiomas with atypical features like GFAP positivity. Complete surgical removal of the tumor was performed, in accordance with guidelines. Detailed immunohistochemical analysis is crucial, and further research on similar cases is needed to improve our understanding and treatment strategies.
Near-field optical measurement and analysis of Talbot effect in terahertz band
Authors: Li Hui Chang , Shen Yun , Duan Shouxin , Le Li , Zhao Chenhui , Deng Xiao Hua
Published: January 2025

Direct experimental observation of the near-field images in grating structures for terahertz band is studied by scanning near-field microscope. It is shown that self-images and anti-imaging can be separately achieved near integer and half-integer multiples of the Talbot distance. Particularly, non-paraxial approximation is studied for cases where the lattice constant of the grating is marginally greater than the incident wavelength. These results provide guidance for manipulation terahertz wave propagation and facilitate the potential applications in imaging, sensing and communication systems.
Ambiguous Genitalia Due to 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency: Clinical, Genetic, and Functional Characterization of Two Novel HSD3B2 Variants
Authors: Liimatta Jani , Sauter Kay , du Toit Therina , Schaller André , l’Allemand Dagmar , Flück Christa E
Published: January 2025

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with variable clinical presentation. We describe a 46, XY child with ambiguous genitalia and CAH without apparent adrenal insufficiency due to 2 novel heterozygous variants in the HSD3B2 gene (c.779C > T/p.Pro260Leu and c.307 + 1G > A/p.Gly103Asp,fs29X). The disease-causing effect of the novel variants was assessed by genetic and functional studies informing on positive genotype-phenotype correlation. Sex registration was female, and no gender dysphoria has been noted until the present age of 7 years, but psychological assessments have been difficult with a concomitant diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Virilization that already progresses prepubertally through peripheral conversion of androgen precursors by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 will pose an increasing challenge during puberty.
A Nonequipment-Related Line Isolation Monitor Alarm: A Problem-Based Learning Discussion
Authors: Antony Anju , Marshall Julie M.
Published: January 2025

A line isolation monitor (LIM) alarm is a device in the operating room to alert personnel to a potential fault in equipment or the electrical system. Typically, an LIM alarm is related to an electrical fault in a piece of operating room equipment. We present a case where the hazard current by the LIM briefly decreased, then continued to climb after unplugging equipment. This report aims to provide clinicians with an understanding of LIMs and an awareness that there are nonequipment causes for an LIM alarm.
Electroencephalogram-Guided General Anesthesia in a Pediatric Patient With Alexander’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Mae , Mather Rory Vu , Chung Ashley R. , Leung Chee Fai Andy , Ramamurthi Radhamangalam J. , Purdon Patrick L.
Published: January 2025

In this case, the electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to guide anesthesia care for a pediatric patient with Alexander’s Disease undergoing serial intrathecal injections. Previous procedures using a standard maintenance propofol dose of up to 225 µg/kg/min led to postanesthetic recovery times of over 6 hours, requiring a neurology consult for noncoherence. The EEG assisted in guiding maintenance propofol dosing to 75 µg/kg/min, decreasing postanesthetic wash-off and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery time by 50%. This highlights the potential impact of astrocyte dysfunction on anesthetic sensitivity and robustness of EEG as a biomarker of anesthetic effect, including for pediatric patients with rare neurodevelopmental diseases.
Evaluating the dynamics of fee-free higher education in South Africa: a causal loop diagram approach
Authors: Ramasu Tlotlo , Kanakana-Katumba Grace
Published: January 2025

Background This research investigated the dynamics of fee-free higher education in South Africa, analysing the interplay of socioeconomic, political, and institutional factors to elucidate the complexities surrounding its implementation and impact. Using a causal loop diagram approach (CLD), the study aims to identify key factors to effective implementation, how they interact to shape the outcome of the policy, and actionable strategies to address the challenges hindering the policy sustainability. Method A participatory approach was used to developing the CLD, integrating insights from an extensive literature review and stakeholder opinion. The initial CLD was constructed based on evidence from prior research contextualizing fee-free higher education within South Africa’s unique socio-political sector. Discussions with stakeholders and experts provided critical feedback to refine the model, ensuring its relevance and accuracy. The CLD methodology was selected for its ability to illustrate complex interdependencies and systemic challenges. Results Key findings highlight the impact of funding constraints, which create reinforcing feedback loops limiting access and infrastructure improvements. Also, administrative inefficiencies within the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) result in delays and inconsistencies, reducing policy inclusivity, and decentralized implementation across institutions perpetuates disparities in quality and access. Conclusion The study concludes the urgent need for systemic reforms, including digitising financial aid processes, centralising NSFAS operations, and improving resource allocation to under-resourced institutions. Furthermore, the study aligns with global goals, particularly Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 (Quality Education), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities), as well as the African Agenda 2063’s focus on human capital development. While the findings offer valuable recommendations for policymakers, further research is needed to explore longitudinal impacts of these reforms and expand comparative analyses with other nations implementing similar policies.
Magnitude and Factors Associated with Research Misconduct at Public University in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Belay Hailu Habtamu , Teka Wolde Telahun , Yirsaw Wubete Betselot , Ali Joseph , Tsegaye Bitew Sintayehu
Published: January 2025

Background Research integrity, essential for ethical scientific research, has been inadequately addressed in Ethiopia, resulting in gaps in addressing misconduct like plagiarism, falsification and fabrication. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of researchers. Data were collected via a self-administered, structured questionnaire, which was adapted from a similar study. The collected data were analysed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression. Result A total of 244 researchers participated in the study, resulting in an 82% response rate. In our study, 37.7% of participants reported engaging in at least one form of misconduct, 95% CI [31.6%, 44.1%]. Authorship misconduct was the most common form of self-reported misconduct (47.5%), 95% CI [41.1%, 54.0%], followed by fabrication and falsification (40.6%), 95% CI [34.4%, 47.0%]. Publication pressure was significantly associated with research misconduct (AOR = 3.18; 95% CI: [1.02, 9.95]). Conclusion Research misconduct has profound implications, compromising the validity of scientific findings and eroding public trust in research. Implementing comprehensive education initiatives on responsible research practices, as well as building an all-encompassing institutional policy, can help to reduce the occurrence of misconduct.
Using citizen science for the energy transition: Research on the tenant electricity model in Germany
Authors: Baumann Johannes , Noreña Marcela , Wieser Pia
Published: January 2025

Background The research within the Citizen Science (CS) project on tenant electricity focused on an inclusive research approach by involving actors such as citizen scientists (CSs), scientists, policymakers, and the private sector. The main objective was to jointly explore the barriers and drivers for and motivations to participate in the tenant electricity model in Germany, and to identify behavioural changes (based on the energy culture concept) of the CSs by being involved in local electricity production and consumption. Methods The CS project adopted a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative data analysis from workshops with quantitative data from an energy consumption monitoring scheme and a panel survey on energy-related practices. Results and conclusions: Identified barriers for the tenant electricity model encompassing both structural (e.g. model complexity) and inherent challenges (lack of information). Drivers for scaling up include the reduction of the complexity and bureaucratic hurdles of the model as well as regulations and financial incentives and targeted information to relevant actors. The main motivation for participating in tenant electricity was sustainability and local production of electricity, while the electricity price played a minor role. Regarding changes in energy culture, the participation in tenant electricity led to a stronger exchange among neighbours about further sustainability options and to a higher interest in sustainability or society engagement. Feedback on regular consumption data was perceived by almost all participants as useful for further measures to save electricity. Electricity data collected from installed meters showed, on average, a reduction in consumption for more than half of the households compared to the start month of the research period. Further, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify different profiles and gain deeper understanding of the characteristics of CSs. In total five clusters were identified, with differences in energy consumption patterns, energy efficient appliances, knowledge about energy consumption, and changes in energy practices.
Open Science Practices in Integrated Assessment Models
Authors: Rodés-Bachs Clàudia , Sampedro Jon , Frilingou Natasha , Gardumi Francesco , Lo Giudice Camilla
Published: January 2025

Background Open science emphasizes the free and accessible dissemination of scholarly outputs to a wide audience, including scientists, stakeholders, and the general public. Its core principle is the open sharing of knowledge to enable reuse, replication, and uphold research integrity. Methods Using insights from a survey designed to explore the open science practices within integrated assessment modeling (IAM) teams, as well as the challenges and barriers they face, we propose an open science protocol tailored specifically to the needs of IAMs. Results The proposed protocol improves the transparency, accessibility, reliability, reusability, and interoperability of IAM models and results. Grounded in the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) and transparency, responsibility, user focus, sustainability, and technology (TRUST) principles, it supports the transformation of models’ outputs into real-world applications. Conclusions By fostering enhanced trust and engagement from policymakers, this protocol supports the broader adoption of open science in IAMs. It is complemented by a checklist and includes recommendations for open-source platforms and tools, simplifying workflows and minimizing the need for specialized expertise.
The genome sequence of the common sole, Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Geslain Enora , Volckaert Filip A.M. , Mc Cartney Ann M. , Formenti Giulio , Mouton Alice ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective
Published: January 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) (the common sole; Chordata; Actinopteri; Pleuronectiformes; Soleidae). The genome sequence spans 643.80 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.81%) is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.03 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21,646 protein-coding genes.
Personnel management in a travel company
Authors: Poluhina Anna , Sheresheva Marina
Published: January 2025

The textbook examines the personnel management system of a tourist enterprise. The topics of lectures and practical classes on the discipline, questions and tasks for repetition, instructions for independent work and tests for self-verification of acquired knowledge are presented. It includes the results of the authors' long-term research on the stated issues.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education.
For students of the fields of study "Tourism", "Service" and "Hospitality", as well as teachers and researchers studying the personnel management system at Russian enterprises in the field of tourism and hospitality.