bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of "Reasonableness" on the Element of Conduct in Delictual or Tort Liability - Comparative Conclusions
Authors: Ahmed Raheel
Published: October 2019

In this contribution the influence of reasonableness on the element of conduct in the South African law of delict will be analysed and compared with the requirement of some form of conduct in English tort law, American tort law and the French law of delict.

Fundamental similarities and differences among the different legal systems must be considered. France and South Africa follow a generalising approach to determining a delict while English and American law have a system of separate torts.

Even though English and American law do not explicitly refer to the requirement of conduct in tort law, it is generally implicitly required. This is the case whether one is dealing with the tort of negligence or the intentional torts. In French law too, a fait générateur (a generating, triggering, wrongful act or event) generally must also be present in order to ground delictual liability. The concept of fait générateur is broader than the concept of conduct found in the other jurisdictions in that it extends beyond what is regarded as human conduct. The conduct in all the jurisdictions may be in the form of a commission (a positive, physical act or statement) or an omission (a failure to act). The requirement that conduct must be voluntary is generally found in South African, English and American law (with an exception applying to mentally impaired persons) but not in France. Naturally, it is unreasonable to hold a person liable without conduct which results in the causing of harm or loss. In all the above-mentioned jurisdictions, it would generally be unreasonable to hold the wrongdoer liable in delict or tort law if the omission or commission does not qualify as some form of conduct. Thus the influence of reasonableness on the element of conduct in all the above-mentioned jurisdictions is implicit.
colony PCR v1
Authors: Dusseldorf Igem
Published: October 2019

colony PCR suitable for Synechocystis
Measurement of XylE (Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase) enzyme activity by microplate reader v1
Authors: Gao Ji
Published: October 2019

Simple measurement of XylE (Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase) enzyme activity by microplate reader. Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase can catalyze catechol (1,2-Dihydroxybenzene) to 2-HMS, which has a high absorbance at 377 nm, so we may use photometric mode of microplate reader to measure the concentration of 2-HMS, product of the enzyme.
Golden Gate lvl 0 v2
Authors: Seiler Vinca , Inckemann René
Published: October 2019

Golden Gate reaction protocol for lvl 0
THE MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF GEOINFORMATION MAPPING OF NATURAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE SPREAD OF DISEASES OF THE POPULATION
Authors: Bondarenko E.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the consideration of existing possibilities of geoinformation mapping for the identification of natural factors of influence on the spread of diseases among the population.
The author identified the features of maps of natural factors influencing the distribution of diseases of the population are determined as to the types thereof: estimate maps and forecast maps. The latter is due to natural-focal infections, which are relatively stable in time regarding the possibilities of infection with them.
The necessity of perfection of the algorithm of cartographic modelling of natural factors of influence on the distribution of natural-focal infectious diseases among the population based on modern geoinformation technological solutions is substantiated. It is indicated on the features of three methodical schemes in the process of geoinformation creation of such maps regarding the use of specific cartographic materials. These are the using of small-scale maps; the using of large-scale maps on the basis of the original materials of the appropriate scale; the using of small- scale maps based on other small-scale maps and large-scale maps.
On the basis of network technologies, in particular, modern technological solutions Web 2.0, the author determined the possibilities of geoinformation mapping of natural factors of influence on the distribution of diseases among the population. These are: improved database model (transition from relational model to object-relational variant); conducting of mathematical and cartographic modeling with all necessary techniques in the environment of a full-function geoinformation system; choosing the best options for presenting and distributing developed cartographic models among the more quantity of potential users; the presence of feedback with them.
In the article, the author defined the specifications of Web 2.0, relevant for creating/using maps of the risk of infection of the population with natural focal diseases, with adapting to four groups technological solutions in relation to services (platform, software, data, infrastructure).
THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE PENSION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Kolesnik A. P.
Published: October 2019

Currently, a year after the adoption of the law on raising the retirement age, discussions about the strategy and tactics of developing the Russian pension system in the press and among professionals have practically stopped. At the same time, factors affecting the pension system have not disappeared with increasing retirement age. Only their perception has changed somewhat. It seems appropriate to recall these factors and problems once again, taking into account global trends.

The attentive reader probably understands that global players of world civilization are controlling or trying to control the development of global trends, and if you change the organizational or financial structure of the pension system without paying attention to controlled global trends, the changes you make can help one or another global player, and this may harm the interests of our country.
ALTERNATIVE ASSESMENT OF INVESTMENT VALUE IN INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
Authors: Sobolev A. I.
Published: October 2019

Standard assessment of innovative projects involves procedures for discounting of the expected cash flows. In the short term, their real value can vary significantly, and that will cause significant differences between the current market values of the contracts and their estimated values at the time of investment risks taking. Use of the investments assessment based on the market interest rates allows performing more accurate evaluations of the results of the planned investments and optimizing their structure.
HOW TO MEASURE THEINNOVATION OF WHAT IS THE CONDITIONAL INNOVATIVE?
Authors: Tsatsulin A. N.
Published: October 2019

In the report the authors analyze the complex problems associated with the formation of regional industrial clusters, initially announced as an innovative structure. The main objectives of the planned is the introduction of the real economy scheme of public-private partnership and in the revival of national medical industry of innovative type, in particular, the sector of pharmaceuticals. Solution of these problems, according to the author, provide a procedure for import of foreign drugs quality Russian pharmaceuticals, which is currently the most important task, which stood in front of society and the state. Expounded material evidence of the relevance of the issues raised by the report. The author examines the pharmaceutical cluster of St. Petersburg, activities, participants, members of these relatively new shape territorial entities, analyzes the innovation activity of a number of existing enterprises producing both generic and original commercial products with innovative features. The latter feature is not always obvious. However, to identify the innovative leaders in the cluster author of the report offers a comparative analysis of multi-dimensional methodology. The report draws conclusions, makes recommendations.
SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE AĞ YAKLAŞIMININ GELİŞİMİ VE MİKRO AĞ KURAMLARI
Authors: Ağcasulu Hülya
Published: October 2019

Bu
çalışma ağ yaklaşımının kronolojik gelişim aşamalarını ve temel ağ kuramlarını
derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde 1930’lardan günümüze ağ
yaklaşımının tarihsel gelişimi, bu süreçte alana katkıda bulunanlar ve
yaklaşımın önemli aşamaları derlenmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise ağları inceleyen
ve saha uygulamalarından doğan en popüler mikro ağ kuramları olan Coleman’ın ağ
kapalılığı, Burt’ın yapısal boşlukları, Granovetter’in zayıf bağların gücü ve
son olarak Milgram’ın küçük dünya fenomeni değerlendirilmektedir. Bu kuramların
benzerlik ve farklılıklarına da yer verilmektedir. Bu makalenin Türk alan
yazınında ağlarla ilgili yapılacak araştırmalarda literatüre kaynak sağlaması
hedeflenmektedir.
The Genesis of Higher Education Internationalisation
Authors: Smaliakou D. А.
Published: October 2019

Introduction.Nowadays, scientific and educational community underestimates the importance of fundamental research in the field of internationalisation of higher education. Meanwhile, the definition of the philosophical foundations of this phenomenon can shed light on the nature and rules of its development. In this regard, the research of such a fundamental problem as its genesis may affect further affords in the field of its justification, determination of ultimate goals and mechanisms of implementation, as well as interpretation of its ethical, political and spiritual aspects of international academic mobility.

Theaimof the research was to reveal the real reasons and conditions of internationalisation as a new level of higher education, public and supranational policy.

Methodology and research methods.The present research is based on the methodological framework of critical analysis through the retrospective, reflexive, comparative types of analysis, the methods of synthesis, generalisation and systematisation of various scientific points of view.

Results and scientific novelty.At present, the philosophical aspects of higher education internationalisation are developed by a small number of scientists, who view its genesis from the perspective of globalisation. Three options are identified: internationalisation as a part of globalisation; internationalisation as a response to the challenges of its development; internationalisation as a phenomenon, which precedes global transformations. In each of these approaches, internationalisation acts as a space of interaction of national actors opposing the unification processes. Meanwhile, the countries-leaders of internationalisation rather act themselves as unifiers, calling into question all theories of the background of the under-discussed phenomenon. The author takes into account the following premises: the destruction of world colonial system and the end of the Cold war, which have actualised the integration agenda in Europe at the end of the 20th century. New international agenda, based on neighborhood strategy and integration, has required not only the development of accustomed horizontal communication, but also the development of vertical communication. The request for time has led to the rise of higher education internationalisation, which replaced the idea of “soft power” and generated national interests, in particular, through channelling of excessive educational resources abroad. When state subjectivity gained the importance of basic value in Europe and in international communication in general, the process of internationalisation was required. Such process increased pan-European competitiveness by combining the efforts of different countries.

Practical significance.A clearer understanding of the genesis and the nature of the internationalisation process of higher education will avoid the use of resources at the level of both specific institutions and national institutions and, more importantly, will help to overcome the obstacles to the development of educational systems.
Discapacidad: ¿están preparadas las empresas del sector servicios de Cali, desde su Sistema de Gestión en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, para vincular a esta población?
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Luz América , Restrepo Bedoya Juliet Carolina
Published: October 2019

Según registros del DANE1 en su última actualización de datos sobre discapacidad, en el 2012 el Valle del Cauca contaba con 30,617 personas con discapacidad (PcD), y en edad productiva, entre los 15 y los 59 años de edad. En la ciudad de Cali, capital del departamento del Valle del Cauca, se encontró el 64.0 % de la población con discapacidad del departamento. De esta población, el 32.0 % trabaja en la actividad económica de prestación de servicios, aproximadamente 1,482 personas, siendo este el sector que más apoyo brinda a las PcD en la ciudad. Por otro lado, el Plan Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (PNSST), 2013 – 2021,2 documento que se estructura sobre cuatro líneas de actuación. Tiene en su tercera línea el Fortalecimiento de la promoción de la seguridad, de la salud de los trabajadores y la prevención de los riesgos laborales, cuya meta es lograr la estructuración de Sistemas de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SG-SST), en busca de mejores resultados en prevención de accidentes y enfermedades laborales y del trabajo decente. Para su implementación se promulgó en 2015, el Decreto Único Reglamentario del Sector Trabajo 1072 que define las directrices que deben ser aplicadas por todos los empleadores.
Resultados de la formación en Salud Ocupacional, Seguridad e Higiene del Instituto Poli- técnico Nacional
Authors: Sibaja Terán Beatriz
Published: October 2019

La preparación profesional en el área de la salud de los trabajadores,testifica las habilidades y aplicación de conocimientos en el desarrollo de estudios científicos, implementación de programas, la promoción de la salud, así como la evaluación del impacto de proyecto en seguridad e higiene en las empresas. Es así como el Instituto Politécnico Nacional, interesado en formar especialistas de alta calidad integra en sus programas estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma vivencial. Un ejemplo de ello, es la Maestría en Ciencias en Salud Ocupacional, Seguridad e Higiene (MCSOSH) que durante el tiempo de formación, sus alumnos acuden a organismos de diversos sectores económicos, con el propósito de fortalecer sus competencias en el campo de acción. La identificación de los riesgos y peligros de los agentes físicos, químicos, biológicos, psicosociales y ergonómicos como la detección de los efectos a la salud, se realizan de forma conjunta al absorber los conocimientos en clase y al mismo tiempo aplicándose en problemáticas reales. Hoy, al cumplir 30 años de experiencia académica se presenta una Edición Especial correspondiente al volumen 6 Número 4, en el cual concentra una relatoría de su trayectoria y el acompañamiento de cinco estudios como representación del orgullo de los 137 graduados de tal posgrado.
Organizational and Methodological Issues of the RF National Projects’ Development and Implementation
Authors: Bondareva N. N. , Komkov N. I.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to consider the usage of targeted methodological and organizational methods of complex socio-economic development management, as well as to research the practice of developing national-scale projects and programs.

Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the theoretical foundations of target processes management for solving complex development problems, system analysis methods, research of operations and economic analysis of complex system development.

Results: consideration of the implementation experience of the Russian Federation national projects and programs since 2005 helps to identify both advantages and disadvantages in solving social and economic problems. Organizational and methodological shortcomings of national projects development, as well as estimation of limitations and difficulties for complete goals achievement in the chosen case projects have been presented.

Conclusions and Relevance: the presented national projects aimed at achieving the goals of the May Decree of the President of the Russian Federation should serve as a guide for the concentration of financial, logistical and intellectual resources to solve national large-scale complex problems. Methodological and organizational shortcomings in the national projects launching, which create significant risks to successful and on-time achievement of the national goals specified in the President’s Decree, were noted.
Encuentros y desencuentros de los comités de ética con la investigación ambiental y artística: ¿cómo pensar una forma de articulación?
Authors: Beltrán-Luengas Elsa María , Osorno Acosta Viviana
Published: October 2019

En este artículo se describen algunas de las dificultades presentadas cuando se postulan, para su evaluación y aval de parte de comité de ética, proyectos de investigación de áreas de conocimiento con lenguajes y lógicas que se alejan de la investigación clínica. Se presentan dos casos, cuyos objetos de conocimiento tienen epistemologías disímiles a los que usualmente se deliberan en estas instancias. El primero trata de una instalación de arte que permitió el estudio del vínculo afectivo entre seres humanos y ratones de laboratorio. Se analizan las solicitudes puntuales de parte del comité de ética y las respuestas emitidas por la artista para obtener su aprobación. El segundo consiste en la introducción de la planta invasora Támarix spp en el ecosistema ribereño de los Estados Unidos, convirtiéndose en el sitio de anidamiento del ave atrapamoscas Empidonax trailii extimus en peligro de extinción. Este fenómeno suscitó cuestiones éticas desafiantes para los restauradores ecológicos en su búsqueda por el significado de lo natural. Se concluye que los comités de ética podrían acoger la perspectiva de los conocimientos situados de Donna Haraway y la teoría del actor-red de Bruno Latour, que sugieren que, en el afán de alcanzar una universalidad, la ciencia ha tendido a buscar una estandarización reduccionista de la diversidad de significados.
El DERECHO A DECIDIR DE LOS PACIENTES MENORES DE EDAD
Authors: Alba Bermúdez Juan Manuel
Published: October 2019

El objeto de estudio en el presente artículo es analizar la compleja situación que se suscita en el ámbito sanitario cuando un menor de edad declina un tratamiento médico por motivos religiosos, ideológicos o de cualquier otra índole. Con el propósito de encontrar solución a dicho interrogante se analiza el concepto de «menor de edad» al igual, que el término «menor maduro» tan arraigado en la cultura y legislación occidental. Asimismo, se sugiere un protocolo médico para la atención de los menores cuando ingresan en un hospital tanto en estado de urgencia como emergencia y tenga que valorarse el grado de madurez. Las conclusiones extraídas son extrapolables a cualquier ordenamiento jurídicos que trate de garantizar un mayor respeto y atención a las decisiones de los menores de edad.
Editorial
Authors: Barros Romariz Da Silva
Published: October 2019

Editorial
New Homodinuclear Alkyl and Aryl Dithiophosphonato Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes: Syntheses and Characterizations
Authors: SAĞLAM Ertuğrul Gazi , BULAT Elif , ACAR Nurcan , DEMİREL İbrahim
Published: October 2019

New Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of previously
known five dithiophosphonic acids ((p-MeO-C6H4)PS(SH)(OR), HLn, (n=
1-5); R= 3-pentyl-, HL1; R=1-phenyl-1-propyl-,
HL2; R= 4-tert-butyl benzyl-,
HL3; R= diphenylmethyl-, HL4;
R= 4-tert- butyl cyclohexyl-, HL5) were
prepared and characterized. To do this, the dithiophosphonic
acids involved were treated with stoichiometric amount of the corresponding
metal salts in methyl alcohol. The complexes came of as powdery crystals and were
recrystallized from chloroform. The pure complexes were characterized by using
elemental analyses as well as mas-(ESI), FTIR-, Raman-, NMR- (1H, 13C, 31P) spectroscopies.
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL IN VIVO EVALUTION OF THE 2-WEEKS ORAL EXPOSURE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND SILVER SULFATE ON THE MICE TESTICLE
Authors: Belyaeva Natalia N. , Zhurkov V. S. , Sycheva L. P.
Published: October 2019

During the study of the effect of nanoparticles researches aimed at finding out the consequences of their influence on the structural and functional integrity of germ cells, which ensure genetic continuity must occupy the one of the central places. However, in the assessment of the impact of nanosilver on many organs its effect on the testicles in vivo was not studied. That’s why, the aim of the study was to assess in vivo the effect of nanosilver and silver sulfate on the testicle and to determine the correlation between cytogenetic and cytotoxic parameters. The comparative morphological in vivo evaluation of 2-weeks oral exposure of 4 concentrations (0.1; 5; 50 and 500 mg/l) of silver nanoparticles with size of 14.0 nm, stable arabian gum 1:7 by weight, and of 4 similar concentration of silver sulfate on the testicle of mice. The effect of silver nanoparticles and silver sulfate at the concentration of 500 mg/l is shown to lead to a significant increasing of destructured tubules with undifferentiated and depleted spermatic epithelium, significant decreasing in the number of Leydig cells and decreasing trend in the number of spermatidas, spermatozoons and Sertoli cells, which indicates to the inhibition of spermatogenesis in equal measure for both silver nanoparticles and silver sulfate. The pronounced correlation between the increase in the number of spermatidas with apoptosis and decreasing in the number of tubules with spermatozoon, indicating to the mechanism of gonadotoxic action.
THE IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF MOBILE PHONE FOR LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION IN VITRO
Authors: Blyakher Maria S. , Tulskaya E. A. , Kapustin I. V. , Fedorova I. M. , Lopatina T. K. , Nesterenko V. G. , Suslov A. P. , Konopleva M. V. , Lovenetskiy A. N.
Published: October 2019

The character of the influence of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of mobile phone on the activation of lymphocytes in vitro was investigated. This is important, since modern human is exposed to a complex combination of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) of different frequencies. The object of the study were whole venous blood and lymphocytes isolated from 21 adult donors (aged of from 20 to 55 years) - 10 were healthy donors and 11 were healthy persons 7 days after their vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. In the study the influence of phone’s EMR on the functional activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by the flow cytometry method with the use of monoclonal antibodies of Beckman Coulter company (by the identification and calculation the number of basic and activated lymphocyte subpopulations). The changes of cytokines production by blood cells exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic radiation were determined in supernatants by measuring their concentration using EIA kits produced by JSC “Vector-Best” (Russia) and LLC “cytokine” (Russia). The results of the study of the effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone on blood cells revealed changes in the percentage of lymphocytes carrying the early activation marker CD69 significantly to be more frequently and were observed with greater intensity in the group of donors which were vaccinated compared to healthy donors. Under the influence of phone’s EMR mean values of cytokine production determined in the supernatants samples did not changed in both groups, but in the group of healthy donors mean values of cytokines production were 1,5 - 2 times higher than in the group of persons following immunization. The increase or decrease in cytokine production under the influence of phone’s EMR occurred regardless of the initial level of its production in the surveyed donor. The changes of the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8) by blood cells under the influence of phone’s EMR happen individually; this should be considered when deciding on the presence or absence of phone’s EMR impact on the status of lymphocytes.
DPPH TEST APPLICATION THE FOR EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SERUM ACTIVITY IN FIELD ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Zheleznyak E. V. , Khripach Ludmila V. , Knyazeva T. D. , Koganova Z. I. , Zykova I. E. , Grishin D. A. , Revazova T. L.
Published: October 2019

The method of the evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AOA) with a help of stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test (DPPH test) widely applied in pharmacological and food chemistry, was used also in some clinic investigations for the assessment of the total activity of serum low-molecular-weight antioxidants, but never was applied earlier for toxicological and environmental studies. We have developed the new modification of DPPH test, by replacing methanol-based incubation medium to non-ionic water detergent solution, compatible with native blood serum. Modified DPPH test was approved in 5 toxicological experiments on laboratory animals (Gig. Sanit., 2016, 9: 884-90) and in the hygienic study of the influence of ambient air pollution on the health state in a cohort of 142 capable Moscow residents (aged of 43.5 ± 11.8 years). As a results of the cohort observation, AOA of human serum in DPPH test had close to the normal distribution without gender differences, the slowly decrease with age by nearly 0.4% per year and was positively associated with serum concentrations of catabolic antioxidant - uric acid (R=0.257; p=0.002). The influence of outdoor air pollution in the points of the persons permanent homes was studied by 2 methods: 1) dividing Moscow territory into 2 zones accordingly the long-term monitoring of Hydrometereology and Environmental Monitoring Service; 2) by cartographic adjustment of corresponding home buildings to the nearest of 46 route stations of Moscow Agency for Health and Consumer Rights. No significant differences was found between residents of 2 preferred city zones in 12 used serum biochemical markers, the results of DPPH test including. Significant correlation exposure-response was found between the variables “serum AOA in DPPH test” and “benzene annual outdoor concentration” (R=0.342; p=0.00003) by individual exposure evaluation according to the data of route stations. Two main independent predictors of serum AOA values in the observed cohort of Moscow residents (outdoor air benzene and serum uric acid concentrations) detected 14 and 8.5 % of AOA total variance (p = 0.000002 and p =0.00018 correspondingly).
ASSESSMENT OF LEVELS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS WITH POWER-FREQUENCY OF 50 HZ FROM VARIOUS SOURCES IN INDOORS AND OFFICE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Gubernskiy Yu. D. , Goshin Mikhail E. , Banin I. M.
Published: October 2019

The article gives an assessment of levels of the power of 50Hz frequency electromagnetic fields from different sources in the places of a person’s longest indoor and office environment stay - a workplace equipped with a personal computer, a desktop in the kitchen, a sofa in the living room. An electric field intensity and magnetic induction from different sources by their simultaneous operation were shown to be not added arithmetically; at the same time total indices of electromagnetic impact on a person are maximum at a workplace. The average evaluation of electric field intensity in this case can reach 160.5 V/m, the average evaluation of the level of magnetic induction is 0.3 mT.
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE USE DATA OF PROPHYLACTIC EXAMINATION FOR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Solenova Liya G. , Fedichkina T. P. , Zykova I. Ye. , Bobrovnitsky I. P. , Rakhmanin Yu. A.
Published: October 2019

The experience of the use data of prophylactic examination in working groups for epidemiological studies is presented. A prevalence of chronic and background diseases in different age and gender groups is demonstrated as well as a prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among the population and the shift in the work impact on the risk of health impairment in female workers. Data obtained can be used for the clinical and epidemiological analysis of the relationships between diverse pathologies and environmental and occupational factors with the view of optimization of financial expenditures. Data on prophylactic examinations are particularly valuable for the estimation the recent population health and environment to make decisions for prevention of widespread diseases.
TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT (TERA) - RUSSIAN INFORMATION-FORECASTING SYSTEMS, EXPERIENCE OF APPLICATION FOR HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Novikov Sergey M. , Fokin M. V. , Shashina T. A. , Dodina N. S.
Published: October 2019

There is presented a unique Russian computer information and predictive TERA (Tools for Environmental Risk Assessment) system aimed to carry on studies of the assessment of health risk related to the impact of chemical compounds that pollute the various environmental objects. There are considered main calculation modules of specialized databases, as well as the main identification table - TERAbase, allowing to observe all the methodological requirements and recommendations provided by the sanitary legislation, for doing so and for the examination of scientific and practical work on risk assessment to public health, accreditation and certification for risk assessment bodies. There is indicated the direction of solving the problem of information support for risk assessment work for health.
BIOLOGICAL INDICES IN THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF URBANIZED SOILS
Authors: Vodyanova Mariia A. , Kriatov I. A. , Donerian L. G. , Evseeva I. S. , Ushakov D. I. , Sbitnev A. V. , Kiryakova N. A. , Antropova N. S. , Pyrkin V. O. , Tsapkova N. N. , Bashirov E. V.
Published: October 2019

Current methodological guidelines for assessing the quality of soils in populated areas do not include ecotoxicological indices, thereby underestimate the potential danger of the negative impact of urban soils on the health of the population. Monitoring of soil quality is carried out according to established indices. Sanitary-parasitological and sanitary-bacteriological studies, of course, play a primary role in the establishment both of the category of soil contamination in populated areas, and basic physic-chemical parameters. The list of controlled elements contains heavy metals, benz (a) pyrene, arsenic and several others, but there are no whole classes of chemical compounds with a high level of public health hazard, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, in spite of the fact that the study of the distribution of this group of substances in the soil profile of Moscow is being included in modern scientific research work for a long time. Thus, the lack of data on the content of a number of key chemical toxicants in the soil can form a distorted final assessment of the quality of the studied soils. Ultimately, this can lead to a number of mistakes in management decisions for the improvement of the territories of Moscow and the replacement of soils with artificially created soil. One of the solutions to this problem may be the expansion of the list of physic-chemical indices in monitoring. Another one is the inclusion of ecotoxicological indices for conducting a comprehensive diagnosis of “health” of soils. Such an approach will make it possible to assess the soils more correctly, taking into account all the factors of soil formation in the territory of Moscow, including intensive multifactor anthropogenic impact on soils, which is difficult to estimate only with the help of physical and chemical methods. In the work results of own researches on an estimation of the biological activity of soils of Moscow of various functional zones are presented.
THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE THERAPEUTIC DIET
Authors: Dubenko S. E. , Mazhaeva Tatyana V.
Published: October 2019

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic diet depending on background diet, eating behavior and occupational exposure, authors assessed food intake, nutritional adequacy of the daily food consumption in 2000 workers of similar social and economic background, working in similar conditions. Therapeutic diets No. 2 and No. 3 used at 6 metallurgical facilities were analyzed. The effectiveness of therapeutic diets developed by the authors was evaluated in workers of relevant occupations at two enterprise-based prevention and rehabilitation centers. The authors assessed the nutritional status and health of the workers with unbalanced background diet but on-the-job therapeutic diet and the workers who are on a balanced background diet and on-the-job therapeutic diet. The results show workers with unbalanced diet in terms of fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and trace element consumption as well as ill-conceived therapeutic diet to have impaired fat and carbohydrate metabolism, obesity of various degrees, premorbidities that exacerbate the effects of occupational exposure and increase the likelihood of occupational and work-related diseases. The comprehensive preventive approach, that involves reducing occupational exposure and improving the daily diet including the therapeutic diet, yields the most effective results. The use of therapeutic diets in workers maintaining a balanced background diet results in significant health gain compared to those who are treated in the same enterprise-based prevention and rehabilitation centers but whose background diet is unbalanced. They exhibit weight loss, lower arterial blood pressure, improved carbohydrate and fat metabolism, antioxidant status and functional indicators as well as reduced metal levels in biological media.
NONINVASIVE METHODS FOR STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF NONFERROUS METALLURGY EMISSIONS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Rakitskii V. N. , Yudina T. V. , Egorova Marina V. , Kutakova N. S.
Published: October 2019

There are presented methodological approaches to assess the risk of negative factors associated with characteristic areas of metallurgical enterprises in pollution of the environment with heavy metals to human health. The use of noninvasive biotesting, based on established correlations of indices of trace elements and oxidative status in the body is suggested. As a non-invasive biological material, alveolar moisture condensate from the person (expirate) is used. The basis for the health risk assessment is information on the balance of two components of the oxidative process responsible for the adaptive function of the body - free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense system. An imbalance of these processes contributes to the development of oxidative stress, the complication of the course of many diseases. The deviation in quantitative indices of a number of elements, primarily of metals of variable valency, which participate in reactions of lipid peroxidation, showing pro - or antioxidant properties can also serve as the indicator of the effects of complex heavy metals. The identified relationship of trace elements and oxidative status allows providing the approach to the assessment of processes of peroxidation in the assessment of microelement exchange indirectly. To study the intensity of peroxidation and capacity of the antioxidant defense system in expirate a number of methodological solutions was proposed - methods of chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry, as well as biotest, allowing detect deviations in the oxidative status and based on the level of bioluminescence of lyophilized bacteria by oxidative potential of investigated expirate of alveolar moisture. The complex of methods for assessment of the degree of the health risk associated with pollution by heavy metals can be used for screening observations in selected contingents with the purpose of formation of risk groups such as individually for the choice the optimal ways of correction of disorders and the assessment of the efficiency of preventive or corrective measures. Examples of methodological approaches in one of the regions of accommodation of the enterprises of nonferrous metallurgy, and in the estimation of risk development of pathological conditions and the efficiency of the treatment for a particular worker of the metallurgical plant, as the patient in the clinic of occupational diseases.
THE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION IN THE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE HEALTH RISK OF THE POPULATION IN THE PROCESS OF THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE SIZE OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Oranskaia Irina I. , Shevchik A. A. , Yarushin S. V. , Gurvich V. B. , Adamtsev E. I.
Published: October 2019

This article considers a scenario approach to the implementation of the management of risk to the health of people living in the area affected by industrial enterprises in the sanitary protection zone and reduction of negative impact factors, with taking into account the implementation of the risk-oriented approach to oversight activities.
Promoting Awareness and Understanding of Microaggressions in Social Work Education
Authors: Monk Jermaine J. , Williams-Gray Brenda
Published: October 2019

Background

This pilot study, conducted at a public univerisity in an urban community, collected the experiences of 42 social work students enrolled in a required course on diversity.

Objective

This research utilizes Critical Race Theory as a framework and expands on the themes experienced by recievers of microaggression insults, assaults, and invalidation (Sue et al., 2007).

Methods

Participants in this qualitative study completed three survey questions about: their microaggression experiences, immediate responses, and how they felt.

Results

Student feelings provided beginning insights as to how they coped with their microaggression experiences.

Conclusion

Social work educators may find this research supports the importance of cultural awareness and culturally responsive pedagogy.
A Meta-Theoretical Framework for Understanding Educational Disparities Affecting Black Youth in the United States: Implications for Social Work
Authors: Boddie Stephanie C. , Kyere Eric , Adedoyin A. Christson
Published: October 2019

Background

Black youth are disproportionately disadvantaged in nearly every indicator of academic performance.

Objective

This analysis seeks to understand the role of racism in the genesis of educational disparities affecting Black youth.

Methods

Drawing from structural functionalism, modern capitalism, and critical race theory, we provide a meta-theoretical framework to explore the underpinnings of racial disparities that disadvantage Black youth in U.S. public schools.

Findings

This meta-theoretical framework suggests a critical need to examine the history of racism as well as the social, political, and economic structure of the U.S. to understand the educational disparities affecting Black youth.

Conclusion

Social work professionals can use this meta-theoretical framework to inform research, policy, and practice addressing educational disparities and ultimately create more equitable, fair, and just school environments.
Social Workers and Urban School Discipline: Do We Need a Time-Out?
Authors: Richardson Sonyia C. , Williams John A. , Lewis Chance W.
Published: October 2019

Background

School social workers are crucial in recommending alternative disciplinary practices to prevent suspensions and expulsions in schools (Cameron & Sheppard, 2006; National Association of Social Workers, 2013), particularly in urban school districts, which experience higher rates of discipline disproportionality between students of color and White students (Barrett, McEachin, Mills, & Valant, 2017).

Objective/Methods

Grounded in an ecological systems perspective, the purpose of the study is to determine if the presence of a social worker predicts school suspensions by race and gender in an urban school district.

Findings

Key findings show that the presence of school social workers has a negative relationship with school suspensions for students of color.

Conclusion

We advocate for an increase in social worker representation in urban schools and strategic practices to address school discipline.
Factors Related to Student Persistence in Open Universities
Authors: Li Kam Cheong , Wong Billy Tak-Ming
Published: October 2019

Student persistence has long been a major challenge for open universities. Despite the evolution of open education, an overall high student attrition rate remains. This paper examines the changes and trends in factors related to student persistence in open universities. It reviews the empirical studies from the 1970s to the 2010s which reported factors influencing student persistence. The relevant studies were searched from databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Among the 108 studies collected, a total of 284 factors influencing student persistence were identified. The factors were categorised into student factors, institutional factors, and environmental factors. Their changes and trends over the years were examined. The results show that student factors were the most frequently studied over the years examined, with the major categories being students’ psychological attributes and outcomes. Institutional factors have been increasingly studied in recent decades, with the design and delivery of programmes and courses being the strongest category. Finally, environmental factors have been decreasingly examined, with factors related to students’ family and work being the two main categories. Based on the results, the implications for developing intervention and retention strategies for student persistence in open universities are discussed.
Distance Education and the Open University of Brazil
Authors: Baxto Welinton , Amaro Rosana , Mattar Joao
Published: October 2019

Correspondence courses have been offered in Brazil since the late 19th century; in the 20th century, instructional media such as radio and television were successfully used long before the introduction of the Internet. However, distance education (DE) was officially established in Brazil only in 1996 by the National Educational Law of Policies and Bases. Several censuses conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and the Brazilian Association of Distance Education (ABED) collected statistics on the number of institutions and students involved in DE in Brazil. Although higher education DE has developed in the country since then, several attempts to create an Open University failed. The institution that is now The Open University of Brazil (UAB), created in 2005, focused mainly on teacher education. However, it is not a new institution (but rather a system of older institutions). It is neither a university (but rather a consortium of public federal, state, and municipal face-to-face educational institutions), nor open (candidates should have at least finished high school and are required to pass a rigorous entrance exam). Although UAB certainly contributed to the progress of DE in Brazil, it faces many challenges and problems, such as the continuously questioned quality of its learning support centers, labor relations, issues related to hiring face-to-face and online tutors, and the structure and organization of producing content for courses. This article presents a brief history and the main characteristics of DE in Brazil, details UAB’s structure, and discusses the challenges it faces.
A ortografia da língua Awetí
Authors: Drude Sebastian , Aweti Waranaku , Aweti Awajatu
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho descreve e fundamenta a ortografia da língua Awetí (Tupí, Alto Xingu/mt), com base na análise da estrutura fonológica e gramatical do Awetí. A ortografia é resultado de um longo trabalho colaborativo entre os três autores, iniciado em 1998. Ela não define apenas um alfabeto (a representação das vogais e das consoantes da língua), mas também aborda a variação interna, ressilabificação, lenição, palatalização e outros processos (morfo‑)fonológicos. Tanto a representação escrita da oclusiva glotal, quanto as consequências ortográficas da harmonia nasal receberam uma atenção especial. Apesar de o acento lexical não ser ortograficamente marcado em Awetí, a grande maioria dos afixos e partículas é abordada considerando o acento e sua interação com morfemas adjacentes, ao mesmo tempo determinando as palavras ortográficas. Finalmente foi estabelecida a ordem alfabética em que dígrafos são tratados como sequências de letras, já a oclusiva glotal ⟨ʼ⟩ é ignorada, facilitando o aprendizado do Awetí. A ortografia tal como descrita aqui tem sido usada por aproximadamente dez anos na escola para a alfabetização em Awetí, com bons resultados obtidos. Acreditamos que vários dos argumentos aqui levantados podem ser produtivamente transferidos para outras línguas com fenômenos semelhantes (a oclusiva glotal como consoante, harmonia nasal, assimilação morfo-fonológica, etc.).
Uso de tecnologias de processamento do pescado em cardápios escolares
Authors: Leonel Ana Paula da Silva , Martins Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo , Feiden Aldi , Grandi Adriana Maria de , Silva Ana Maria da , Coutinho Ricardo
Published: October 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo, analisar a viabilidade da inserção de quatro produtos à base de tilápia, na alimentação escolar: almôndegas, quibe, bolo de cenoura e bolo de chocolate, comparando economicamente com produtos do cardápio tradicional das escolas dos Municípios de Toledo-PR e Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR. Para isso, foram entrevistados nutricionistas dos municípios, acerca dos cardápios tradicionais utilizados para alunos do ensino fundamental das escolas municipais. Foram indicados os cardápios propícios para a inclusão dos produtos à base de pescado. Com estes dados foram elaboradas tabelas de substituição de produtos dos cardápios tradicionais por produtos à base de pescado. Para a determinação dos custos foram utilizados os valores (R$) de aquisição, pelas prefeituras municipais, de cada ingrediente. Os resultados apontam que, economicamente, no município de Toledo a inclusão de almôndega e quibe de Carne Mecanicamente Separada (CMS) são satisfatórias. No município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, a inserção de bolo de chocolate e bolo de cenoura, nas formas de CMS e filé, mostraram-se promissoras.
A ação antimicrobiana dos extratos alcoólicos e aquosos da folha da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) no controle de Staphylococcus aureus ATTCC 27922, Escherichia coli ATTCC 25922 e Listeria monocytogenes SCOTT A
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Colares de , Magalhães Nayanne Pinheiro , Silva Alessandra Santana Alves da , Oliveira Danielly Ramalho de , Farias Angélica Silva de , Rios Danielle Alves da Silva
Published: October 2019

O Brasil se destaca por possuir a maior biodiversidade de plantas superiores do planeta. Em meio a essas riquezas naturais encontramos a goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), que produz em média de 20 a 60 kg de goiaba/planta/ano a partir do sexto ano de idade. Tendo em vista o potencial antimicrobiano observado em algumas plantas, incluindo a goiabeira, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade de extratos alcoólico e aquoso da folha da goiabeira contra bactérias patogênicas. Os extratos foram obtidos por imersão em álcool 70% e água quente, respectivamente e, em seguida, cinco diluições foram elaboradas, a saber: 100 % m/v, 75% v/v, 50% v/v, 25% v/v e 5% v/v. A ação antimicrobiana foi avaliada através da técnica de difusão em ágar usando poços de 4 mm de diâmetro onde foram colocados os extratos. Os halos de inibição tiveram seus raios medidos em milímetros com o auxílio de uma régua comum, onde foi constatado, em ambos os extratos, que as concentrações de 100, 75 e 50% foram eficientes no controle do crescimento dos micro-organismos testados, o que sugere o uso desses extratos no controle de patologias ocasionadas pelos micro-organismos avaliados, indicando uma perspectiva de utilização terapêutica.