bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IFYGL History and Summary published by Canada and U.S.
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two Nations, One Lake—Science in Support of Great Lakes Management, a 145‐page summary review of the International Field Year for the Great Lakes, has been published by the Canadian and United States National Committees for the IHD.

The report includes a brief historical account of human settlement of the Great Lakes region and some of the natural resource management problems this has engendered, a review of the planning that went into the design and operation of IFYGL, and summaries of the IFYGL scientific programs (in six areas), operations, and data management schemes.
New publication policies
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

As an experiment to improve communications, the council has instituted an alternative form of publication: summaries of papers, with the full article available in microfiche. The summaries will include abstracts and may include figures, tables, and references. Since halftone photographs do not reproduce well in microfiche, authors are advised to include such photographs in their summaries.

The full text of the summary plus the manuscript can be ordered on microfiche from AGU by interested individuals. Authors can order the fiche at a special rate as [reprints.] The full manuscript will be included in the microfilm and microfiche editions of the journals and will therefore be part of the archived literature. Libraries that subscribe to AGU journals and are not already subscribing to the microform editions will be offered the fiche editions at a special rate.
President's page: Image
Authors: Press Frank
Published: October 2011

Just like the economists, puzzled by the unusual combination of inflation and recession, earth scientists are perturbed by the difficulties they face in obtaining support at a time when their field is peaking with the excitement of major discoveries. How much more could be done with new equipment, more ambitious field experiments, more time for research, and less time spent in scampering for research support every few months.

One can gage the seriousness of the situation in a number of ways. Since 1968, federal support for untargeted basic research, measured in constant dollars, has decreased significantly. A survey of laboratory facilities shows that instruments are becoming outmoded and difficult to maintain and are falling increasingly behind the state of the art with each passing year. Perhaps the most telling indicator of the plight of the research community is the situation faced by program managers in the funding agencies. First class proposals are being turned down, and those lucky enough to be funded are typically supported at a fraction (half) of the amount needed. Program managers are now debating the unpleasant proposition: Shall we support even fewer people in order that some projects can operate at a level adequate for significant progress to be made? Young scientists at the height of their creative powers suffer the most in times of budgetary constriction.
Geo‐Art: Plate and platonic solids
Authors: Spilhaus Athelstan
Published: October 2011

In 1933, as a student in meteorology browsing through the library, I first ran into the book by Alfred Wegner entitled Kontinental Vershiebung (Continental Drift). Wegner was a meteorologist, but it was not mere loyalty to a fellow meteorologist but rather a stirring feeling for the art of the beautiful simplicity of his ideas (unproven at that time) that wedded me to the idea of continental drift.

Throughout the ensuing years, when it was fashion to discard and pooh‐pooh this grand scheme, I still believed it was too beautiful to be bad.
U.S. solar energy research program
Authors: Herwig Lloyd O.
Published: October 2011

The plans and policies of the National Solar Energy Program are focused on the general objective of developing, at the earliest feasible time, those applications of solar energy that can be made economically attractive and environmentally acceptable as alternative energy sources. The program plans are adjusted to reflect continuing critical reviews based on new information and understanding, assessments of priorities, identification of research and technology needs, and levels of funding and research capabilities.

The general objectives of the solar energy program are (1) to provide the research and technology base required for economic terrestrial applications of solar energy; (2) to foster the implementation of practical systems to the state required for commercial utilization; and (3) to provide a firm technical environmental, social, and economic basis for evaluating the role of solar energy utilization in U.S. energy planning.
Seventh GEOP research conference report
Authors: Dohler G. C. , Gale Pliny , Mueller Ivan I. , Perry R. B. , Poland J. F.
Published: October 2011

The seventh GEOP (Geodesy/Earth and Ocean Physics) Research Conference, on Coastal Problems Related to Water Level, was held June 6–7, 1974, at the Ohio State University and was attended by 64 persons. On behalf of the GEOP Steering Committee the conference was opened by Hyman Orlin (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Survey), program chairman, who, in his introductory remarks, brought out the fact that a rational coastal zone management must be based on an adequate knowledge of the environment and the natural processes active in altering this environment. Knowledge of the environment involves data gathering and data presentation; knowledge of environmental processes involves an analysis of recent and historic data. This latter information leads to a model for forecasting the future state of the environment, which is the cornerstone of coastal zone management.
Metropolitan Physical Environment Conference
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Pinchot Institute for Environmental Forestry Research ofthe U.S. Forest Service, the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, and other organizations will sponsor a Conference on Metropolitan Physical Environment: Vegetation, Spaces, and Structure for Human Amenities, August 25–29, 1975, in Syracuse, New York.

The purpose of the conference is to bring together a multidisciplinary group of scientists, planners, and managers who have an interest in the metropolitan physical environment. The goal is to provide a forum for the exchange of scientific information on the metropolitan (urban and suburban) physical environment and for discussion of the implications of this information for metropolitan planners, designers, managers, and administrators.
Call for papers: AIAA Conference on Outer Planet Exploration
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Conference on the Exploration of the Outer Planets will be held September 17 to 19, 1975, in St. Louis, Missouri, under the cosponsorship of the Technical Committee on Space and Atmospheric Physics, the Technical Committee on Space Systems, and the Section of Planetology of the AGU.

The conference occurs as the results of Pioneer 10 and 11 and of Mariner 10 are available for assimilation. It is also contemporary with the Viking '75 Mars, which will be poised to investigate Mars to a greater depth of detail. Further, the accelerating programs for the Mariner Jupiter‐Saturn 1977 missions, the Pioneer Venus mission in 1978, and the proposed Mariner Jupiter‐Uranus 1979 mission are entering into final planning.
New AGU editor to be selected
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Charles W. Howe has resigned as coeditor of Water Resources Research, effective in June 1975.

A committee to recommend candidates for the post to President Frank Press is now accepting nominations. Those who are interested in serving as editor or who wish to suggest candidates should send their names to A.F. Spilhaus, Jr . , Executive Director, American Geophysical Union, 1909 K Street, N.W., Suite 1000, Washington, D.C. 20006.

The names should be received by April 1, 1975.
Report of meeting U.S. geodynamics committee
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Following publication of the report U.S. Program for the Geodynamics Project: Scope and Obectives by the U.S. Geodynamics Committee (USGC), ten ad hoc reporters were designated to develop recommendations concerning implementation of the topics in the chapter ‘Intitial Priorities.’ The societies that have been actively interested in the Geodynamics Project were informed of this action and were invited to nominate people to work with the reporters for the various topics.

The Geodynamics Project correspondents in geoscience departments (about 140) were urged to inform their colleagues; all were encouraged to communicate directly with the reporters, who took initiative in communicating with those known to be interested in their particular topics. All of them held at least one meeting.
International Water Resources Meetings
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two international water resources meetings will be held at Colorado State University in Fort Collins from June 27 to July 2, 1977.

The Third International Symposium in Hydrology with the theme 'Theoretical Hydrology' will meet June 27 to 29, 1977. The following five topics will be discussed: (1) relations between hydrologic processes and spatial and temporal distributions of energy; (2) change in the characteristics of hydrologic processes as water moves through various earth environments; (3) analysis of relationships between water quality and water quantity; (4) physical justification of structural models of hydrologic processes; and (5) prediction and detection of long‐range hydrologic changes.
Conference on Commonalities in Ways of Knowing: Science and the Humanities
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, will sponsor a Conference on the Epistomological Relationship Between Science and the Humanities, to be held at the university. The four‐day session is tentatively scheduled for March 1976.

Some fifteen years ago, C.P. Snow defined the 'two cultures' of the sciences and the humanities in his Rede lectures and began a discussion of the relative importance of scientific and humanistic ways of knowing in which seemingly little headway has been made since. The sponsors of the conference wish to pursue an inquiry into the possibility that the sciences and the humanities, as ways of knowing that are fundamental to valid enterprises, have something in common even as they move in different (but mutually intelligible) directions.
Sixteenth symposium on rock mechanics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Society for Rock Mechanics will sponsor the Sixteenth Symposium on Rock Mechanics, to be held at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, September 22 to 24, 1975. Delegates from over 25 countries are expected to attend.

Following the theme, ‘Design Methods in Rock Mechanics,’ it is intended to review current design methods and approaches to rock engineering problems such as rock foundations, rock slopes, mine layouts, ground movement and subsidence, support of tunnels and large excavations, and blasting rounds (surface and underground).
U.S. national committee holds fifteenth meeting
Authors: Heindl L. A.
Published: October 2011

At its fifteenth meeting the U.S. National Committee for the IHD, under the chairmanship of H. Garland Hershey, approved four reports for publication. These comprise the final reports of the USNC/IHD Work Groups on Nuclear Techniques in Hydrology, Representative and Experimental Basins, and Education and Training as well as part 2 of the final report of the U.S. National Committee, Catalog of U.S. Contributions to the IHD.

The national committee also pressed for National Research Council approval for the establishment of a Committee on Water. The primary purpose of the proposed Committee on Water would be to provide a ‘watchdog’ or ‘early alert’ regarding the scientific base for utilization of water in connection with national programs dealing with energy, pollution, environmental concerns, and similar matters. The proposal for the Committee on Water is now in the final stages of review and revision.
Section nominating procedure
Authors: Mueller Ivan I. , Strange William E.
Published: October 2011

The objective of this letter is to describe to the membership of the Section of Geodesy/AGU a modified election procedure to be followed by the section. The modifications are designed to give the membership at large greater participation in the selection of officers. It is hoped that this can be accomplished by (1) providing for direct membership input to the nominations, and (2) by giving the membership a true choice at the time of voting.

First, it is appropriate to describe the nominating procedure as it has worked in the past. The section has three officers‐a president, a president‐elect, and a secretary. The officers serve a two‐year term, and to assure continuity, the presidentelect automatically becomes the section president for the succeeding two years. Thus we are charged once every two years with nominating a president‐elect and a secretary for the section. In the past the nominating committee consisted of three members, appointed by the president of the section. This nominating committee then nominated one individual for presidentelect and one for secretary.
Environmental study: Offshore Texas
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A comprehensive environmental baseline study of a 24,000‐mi2 segment of the outer continental shelf (OCS) is being conducted in the Gulf of Mexico off south Texas by the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Texas, Texas A&M, Rice University, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other institutions. The area to be studied extends from the Matagorda peninsula southward to the U.S.‐Mexican boundary and seaward to the 600‐ft depth contour.

The $1.5 million research effort in 1975 is a phase of an extended study known as the South Texas OCS Environmental Assessment Program, funded by the Interior Department's Bureau of Land Management and aimed primarily at gathering environmental baseline data prior to exploratory drilling to be undertaken after the scheduled lease sale for the south Texas outer continental shelf.
Schooner and satellites rendezvous in Atlantic
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has completed a series of rendezvous in the Atlantic Ocean between four satellites and an old‐fashioned sailing vessel. The purpose was to probe two somewhat recondite features of the sea—internal waves and the Gulf Stream.

In seemingly bizarre collaboration, the 220‐ton schooner Westward and satellites SMS/Goes, Landsat 1 and 2, and NOAA 4 combed the North Atlantic for eight weeks seeking data on the location and behavior of internal waves and the position and velocity of the Gulf Stream. Choice of the schooner as the surface research vessel was not an act of whimsey: an acoustic echo sounder is more sensitive in the quiet environment of a sailing ship.
Seismograms available: International data exchange
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Seismograms are now available from a large number of stations throughout the world for three large or destructive earthquakes in 1974. These are the earthquakes in the People's Republic of China (May 10, M 6.8), northern Peru (October 3, M 7.6), and the Leeward Islands (October 8, M 7.5).

Under the provisions of the Guide to International Data Exchange Through the World Data Centers, Seismology, seismograms have been collected and copied from a worldwide network of participating stations. There are records on hand for at least one of these earthquakes from 142 stations in 46 countries, including 37 received from WDC‐B in the USSR and many from the worldwide standardized seismograph and Canadian networks. Many of the stations have sent records from three long‐period and three short‐period components.
Aidjex begins main field season
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (Aidjex) began its main field experiment on the sea ice north of Point Barrow, Alaska, during March 1975. This marks the start of fourteen months of intensive research activity after many years of preparation, including several trial experiments.

C‐130 and R4D cargo aircraft landed on a sea ice runway to establish the main Aidjex camp. Three satellite camps with runways suitable for Twin Otter operations were also set up.
El Nino Expedition first cruise completed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

With its arrival at Lima, Peru, the University of Hawaii's research vessel Moana Wave has completed the first cruise of the expedition to study El Nino, the warm current that generally develops concurrently with a southerly shift in the tropical rain belt shortly after the first of the year. El Nino is a major destroyer of marine life in the coastal waters of Ecuador and Peru.

As predicted in September 1974 by K. Wyrtki and W.H. Quinn, El Nino conditions developed off Peru and Ecuador in February and March 1975. The R.V. Moana Wave has observed a massive transgression of low‐salinity water across the equator just east of the Galapagos Islands; a thin layer of warm water with a salinity less than 33‰ has advanced to 4°S. The area off Ecuador is also covered with warm water of low salinity (less than 34‰). Weak upwelling is still present along the coast of northern Peru, but no cool water is advected northwest from this upwelling area, as it has been in normal years.
[Correction to] on buying journals
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

In my editorial on the President's Page of the July issue I proposed comparing the cost per 1000 words, for several journals of interest to you. An error in production resulted in the omission of the suggestion that you use the cost per 1000 words as a simple test for excessive profit, lack of broad distribution, or inefficiency of publication and have your library cut out those journals for which the cost is over 10¢ per 1000 words.
Penrose conference on lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Penrose Conference on The Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary will be convened by Thomas H. Jordan and William S. Fyfe at Vail, Colorado, in mid‐November 1975. The tentative dates are November 16 to 21.

Many definitions of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary exist on the basis of various geodetic, seismological, penological, and rheological data or phenomena. This ambiguity has resulted in confusion and misinterpretation of the part of students of earth dynamics.
Accurate mapping on the continental shelf
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

AGU's committee on Marine Geodesy is preparing a program for a session on ‘Navigation for Accurate Mapping on the Continental Shelf,’ to be held in San Diego, Claifornia, on September 23. The session is cosponsored by the International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Marine Technology Society, and AGU, and is scheduled in conjuction with the joint meeting of the IEEE and MTS being held from September 22 to 26.

The session will be divided into two sessions: (1) an ‘open working group’ type meeting where invited participants will discuss the suitability of various present and possible future navigational equipment for accurate mapping of the coastal zone, and (2) presentation of papers on ‘Positioning in the Deep Ocean’ and ‘Navigation for Accurate Mapping on the Continental Shelf/Coastal Zone.’
Progress of U.S.‐USSR cooperative program in earthquake prediction
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Under the U.S.‐USSR Joint Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection of May 1972, a program entitled Earthquake Prediction was begun. During 1973, working groups were organized on each side, with M.A. Sadovskiy of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics of the Earth, and R.E. Wallace, U.S. Geological Survey, as cochairmen. A plan for cooperative working projects was developed, and the first exchanges took place in 1974.
Opportunity to participate in NASA LPO mission
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has issued an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) providing information and guidelines for prospective investigators who are interested in participating in the Lunar Polar Orbiter (LPO) mission, tentatively planned for a June 1980 launch.

The LPO will be a cost‐limited geochemical, geophysical, and geological mission capable of extending to the entire moon the orbital and surface science results obtained from previous lunar missions, expecially Apollo. Because of the applicability of LPO objectives and concepts to the exploration of planetary bodies with limited atmospheres, this mission may serve as a scientific prototype for similar missions to Mars and to Mercury.
Twenty‐first annual Pacific Northwest region, AGU
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Twenty‐First Annual meeting of the Pacific Northwest Region was held October 17 and 18, 1974, at the Joint Center for Graduate Study in Richland, Washington. Almost 100 registrants participated in the meeting, at which 8 invited reviews and 39 contributed papers were presented.

The meeting was highlighted by a special session on Geophysical Aspects of Nuclear Power Production. The moderator, Richard F. Foster of Battelle‐Northwest, introduced the topic. He gave a brief historical sketch of reactor development, defined the various types of power systems in use or planned, and indicated the probable growth pattern of power reactor development in the years ahead.
Beach Erosion and Accretion in Gulf of Mexico Region: Symposium
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Quantitative evaluation of beach erosion and accretion rates for the Gulf of Mexico region and adjacent parts of the south Atlantic coast will be presented at a special symposium to be held in Jackson, Mississippi, in connection with the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies (GCAGS) meeting, October 23–25, 1975.
Giant infrared telescope to be build at Laramie
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Plans for construction near Laramie, Wyoming, of an 84‐inch infrared telescope, the largest of its type in the continental United States and one of the world's largest, have been announced by the National Science Foundation and the University of Wyoming. The $1.6 million instrument is expected to be operational in late 1977.

NSF is providing $625,000 of the construction cost, with the $975,000 balance to come from the State of Wyoming.
Summary of the La Jolla conference on quantitative magnetospheric models
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Conference on Quantitative Magnetospheric Models was held in La Jolla Shores, California, May 6–8, 1975, under the sponsorship of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Naval Research, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company, and AGU.

The meeting was divided roughly into three parts, with one day devoted to each. Each day was then divided so that approximately two‐thirds of the time was devoted to presentation of papers and one‐third to discussions and working group activities. The first day was devoted to magnetic fields, the second to electric fields, and the third to charged particles. Many of the comments made concerning the magnetic field apply equally well to the electric field. This summary will roughly follow the order of the meeting.
The hydrological program—First six‐year plan set
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Intergovernmental Council for the International Hydrological Program held its first session in Paris, April 9–17, 1975. During the session, the council laid out its program of activities for the first six‐year phase in general, and for the first two years in detail. Major emphasis was given to education and training and to the scientific projects.
First meeting of USNC/SH
Authors: Heindl L. A.
Published: October 2011

United States participation in the International Hydrological Program (IHP) took a major step forward with the establishment of the U.S. National Committee on Scientific Hydrology (USNC/SH) in the U.S. Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior.

The committee is to serve as a national committee for the IHP, and also as an advisory committee on scientific hydrology for the Survey's Water Resources Division (WRD). It was established at the request of the U.S. State Department, and with the understanding that it would have the cooperation and support of other federal agencies involved in water activities relevant to the IHP.
Statement of U.S. IFYGL co‐chairman
Authors: Drescher W. J.
Published: October 2011

The International Field Year for the Great Lakes is a success enough data have now been analyzed and reported upon to make that evident. Much of the information collected, however, is still being interpreted, and reports will be coming out for many months to come. We can be confident that scientific advances made under the auspices of the Field Year will continue to become apparent in future years.

Credit for an excellent job of guidance and leadership, as well as cooperation, is due to the IFYGL lead agencies, to other U.S. government agencies, state organizations, and universities in this country, and to their counterparts in Canada. The Joint Management Team, which was directly responsible for guiding the operations of the Field Year, has done an outstanding job. The principal credit, however, for the success of IFYGL must go to the individual scientists who participated. They performed Herculean tasks within their own disciplines and through the excellent cooperation that existed among the many disciplines represented in the program.
Large data sets tamed by EDS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new method of validating, compacting, and analyzing the very large data sets generated by major environmental programs such as the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (Figure 1) has been developed at the Environmental Data Service, a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1976 Extramural Geothermal Program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey has established an extramural program as part of its Geothermal Research Program. Organizations interested in submitting proposals for geothermal research contracts or for grant assistance in FY1976 may request information concerning proposal preparation and submission from Contracting Officer, U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Procurement and Contracts, Mail Stop 205A, National Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 22092.

Requests for an information brochure will be honored on a firstcome first‐served basis. Quantities of the brochure are limited; therefore, it is important to make requests early. Brochures will be ready for release on October 6, 1975.
US IHD Bulletin: Water in carbonate rocks: A hydrological challenge
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Carbonate terranes provide some of the most difficult areas in the world in which to identify ground water regimes. The US/IHD Work Group on the Hydrology of Carbonate Terranes, recognizing the difficulties, makes five recommendations in its final report to the U.S. National Committee. These are (1) improve the scientific education of hydrogeologists; (2) intensify research, particularly concerning the chemistry of water/carbonate relationships; (3) develop new and improved exploration and drilling techniques; (4) identify some institution to become a center for information concerning the hydrology of carbonate terranes; and (5) establish a committee to provide an overview, assess progress, and suggest needed activities.
President's page: International science in a politicized world
Authors: Cisternas Armando
Published: October 2011

The progress of science in Latin American countries has been continuously perturbed by political instability and difficult social and economical conditions. Even countries with a long democratic tradition such as Chile have experienced painful dictatorships in recent years.

The situation of the Chilean universities under the government of General Augusto Pinochet is critical. Thousands of scientists and other specialists, many of them highly trained, have been obliged to leave the country, either because of military repression or because of the profound crisis that affects the economy. University professors and students that favored the policies of the late President Salvador Allende have been subjected to various degrees of repression that include unemployment, expulsion from the country, imprisonment, torture, and even death.
Geophysical research, institutes, and laboratories in Hungary: Report on scientific exchange visit to Hungary
Authors: Vajk Raoul
Published: October 2011

Under the exchange program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, I had the privilege of making a one‐month visit to Hungary in August and September 1973. Under terms of the exchange agreement the U.S. Academy provided transportation to Hungary, and the Hungarian Academy provided subsistence and travel expenses within Hungary.

In visits to Hungarian research institutes I learned about the geophysical research completed in the last few years and about studies then in progress. I discussed research problems and exchanged ideas with many Hungarian scientists (some of them old friends and colleagues) and became acquainted with their laboratories, instrumentation, and workshops.
U.S. program for the IMS
Authors: Manka Robert Hall
Published: October 2011

The United States participation in the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) 1976–1979 offers major opportunities for quantitative studies of near earth space, and some unique new facilities will be available which could lead us into new ways of doing geophysics and space physics. Some examples of these new approaches, to be discussed in detail later, are arrays of digital magnetometers whose data are transmitted in real time via synchronous satellite to the NOAA Space Environment Laboratory where they will be reduced and made available in real time to any interested users. These data will be forwarded to World Data Center A (WDC‐A) for archiving and further dissemination. Similarly, an additional unique feature will be the availability of summary data from each of the major IMS spacecraft; for example, a data pool tape, containing averaged data from the International Sun‐Earth Explorer (Isee) spacecraft experiments, will be made available to interested scientists the world over.
IUGG resolutions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Council of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) conducted business, and the general assembly passed a wide variety of resolutions during the Sixteenth General Assembly held in Grenoble, France, August 23 to September 6, 1975.

In one of its first actions the council admitted the Ivory Coast, Venezuela, and Nepal to the IUGG.
Symposium on radiation in the atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The regular international symposium on Radiation in the Atmosphere with special emphasis on structure and radiation properties of aerosols and clouds including remote sensing and satellite measurements, jointly organized by the Radiation Commission and the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution of IAMAP (International Association of Atmospheric Physics), will be held in Garmisch‐Partenkirchen, West Germany, August 19–28, 1976.

Invited review papers and contributed papers will treat the following topics: (1) physical and chemical properties of aerosols and clouds (e.g., concentration, size distribution, refractive index, etc.), (2) radiative properties of aerosols, clouds, and gases (including recent spectroscopic results), (3) radiative transfer in clear and cloudy atmospheres and in oceans, (4) global pollution as related to radiation budget effects on climate and climatic variations, (5) remote sensing of atmospheric and surface parameters by radiation techniques, i.e., results of Lidar and microwave measurements to determine atmospheric parameters and recent results of satellite observations (with emphasis on data retrieval techniques and analysis of data), (6) results of field radiation experiments (e.g., Caenex, Gate, etc.), and (7) problems of solar energy (solar constant, spectral distribution of solar energy including possible variations and depletion in the atmosphere).
Results of the 1975 membership contest
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An AGU sponsored contest to aquire new members ended on September 30, 1975, with the following winners. Edward A. Flinn sponsored the most candidates for membership, a total of eight, followed by Allen M. Hittelman with six; Leslie J. Pierre with two; and E. Alexander, Jr., E. Slade Barker, Celso Barrientos, Bernard Budiansky, Donald Casey, Clyde Conover, Ralph Green, J. Stephen Huebner, Dag Nummedal, Paul Plummer, William Prescott, James Sari, and David Wiggert with one new member each. Douglas Smith and Herbert Wang sponsored one new student member each.

AGU members participating in the contest are entitled to credit against dues and subscription charges at the rate of $2.00 for each new member sponsored (excluding college students). An additional $100.00 grand prize goes to Edward A. Flinn for sponsoring the most new members.
GAO Report on Need for a National Ocean Plan
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An analysis of a General Accounting Office (GAO) investigation of federal ocean policy was issued October 14, 1975, confirming the need for a national ocean plan for the federal government because of the dependence of the nation's welfare, economic self‐sufficiency, and national security on the oceans and stressing the need for reorganization among the various federal departments and agencies because of the present inefficient use of financial resources and ineffective administration of the marine sciences, coastal zone, and oceanic activities.

A national ocean program and plan should (1) identify the nation's marine‐related needs and establish specific national objectives, (2) establish priorities to accomplish the objectives, (3) evaluate program results, including relevance to national needs, (4) periodically update needs, objectives, and priorities, and (5) provide for adequate funds to carry out the program and plan effectively. A first major step in this direction was taken by the Senate Commerce Committee through the National Ocean Policy Study, composed of members of seven standing committees of the Senate, plus at large members, who are concerned about the nation's future commitment to the oceans and Great Lakes.
Symposium on atmospheric ozone and related topics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A symposium on Atmospheric Ozone and Related Topics sponsored by the International Ozone Commission and the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution of the International Association of Atmospheric Physics and Meteorology and cosponsored by the World Meteorological Organization will be held August 9–17, 1976, at Dresden, German Democratic Republic.

The symposium will treat a wide variety of topics: ozone distribution and variations on different scales and their causes; ozone photochemistry and anthropogenic influence on the ozone layer; theoretical models involving ozone transport and photochemistry and radiation and possible climatic effects; observations and photochemistry of other trace substances; transport and chemistry of ozone and other trace substances in the troposphere; satellite observation of ozone on earth and other planets; biological effects of ozone variations; and new developments in ozone measurements.
AGI Scholarships awarded to 37 minority students
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The number of minority scholarship recipients supported by the American Geological Institute, its member societies, companies, and individuals increased from 23 to 37, an increase of 61%, from the academic year 1974–1975 to 1975–1976. The dollar amount of the scholarships awarded increased from $13,050 to $31,800, an increase of 141%.

Six minority scholars were selected for support for the academic year 1975–1976 at the November 1974 meeting of the Advisory Committee to the AGI Minority Participation Program. Thirty‐one additional scholars were picked when the Advisory Committee met at the Geological Society of America Headquarters in Boulder, Colorado, on May 22–23, 1975.
International Geomagnetic Reference Field 1975
Authors: Leaton B. R.
Published: October 2011

An international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF 1975) has been recommended by a study group of Division 1 of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). The recommendation was adopted on September 4, 1975, by IAGA at its general assembly at Grenoble. The reference field is given in the form of 80 main field coefficients and 80 secular variation coefficients, up to the eighth degree and order, of a spherical harmonic expansion. The coefficients are Schmidt quasi‐normalized [Chapman and Bartels, 1940]. For values on the surface of the earth the international ellipsoid is used: equatorial radius 6378.160 km and flattening 1/298.25 [International Astronomical Union, 1966]. IGRF coefficients refer to a radius of 6371.2 km.
Scientific upward mobility training program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has developed and implemented four new scientific upward mobility training programs (SUMTP) on a nationwide basis in the past year. Of an initial pool of 485 applicants for the program, 95 were selected and are now completing training; the majority were NOAA employees. An additional 75–95 trainees will be chosen this year.

The purpose of SUMTP is to achieve better utilization of available manpower in NOAA, discover and train men and women with a high degree of potential for contributing to NOAA's missions, and improve upward mobility and equal employment throughout the agency.
Magnetometer networks during the International Magnetosphere Study
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J. , Regan Robert D. , Sugiura Masahisa , Williams Donald J.
Published: October 2011

The International Magnetospheric Study (IMS) has been organized as an international program for the first extensive attempt to perform coordinated research on well‐defined problems of the terrestrial magnetosphere [Joint COSPAR/IUCSTP Special Study Group for the IMS, 1971,1972;; Roederer, 1976; Manka, 1976]. Over the last decade or more, using instrumented satellites and sophisticated ground‐based observations, we have learned that the space environment surrounding the earth consists of an extremely complex system of electric and magnetic fields and charged particles (Figure 1). However, it may be one of the simpler of the natural plasma systems found among the other planets in the solar system and throughout the universe. As we progress to a deeper physical understanding of the earth's fascinating plasma environment, we will undoubtedly reach better appreciation and comprehension of these other systems. Further, and not to be underestimated, are the contributions that these understandings will make in significant ways to the establishing of more fundamental bases for the environmental processes known to affect complex man‐made technological systems.
Watching the aurora from Colonial America
Authors: Mendillo Michael , Keady John
Published: October 2011

The role of geophysics in early America is a fragmented and rarely told story. Its beginning predated the actual rise of America as a nation, and its development can be traced even through the years of the American Revolution. It seems appropriate to look back to these Colonial times to reflect, as part of science's input to the Bicentennial Year, on the great interest early Americans had in their physical environment during an era when Colonial safety and political turmoil surely dominated their everyday life. Current interest in the great sparcity of sunspots (the ‘maunder minimum’) [Frazier, 1976] which followed Galileo's telescopic verification of their existence adds yet another timely reason to discuss early American interests in solar terrestrial effects.
President's page: AGU, science, and politics
Authors: Maxwell Arthur E.
Published: October 2011

On the following pages we have printed responses to a set of questions submitted to the two major presidential candidates. In so doing, it has not been our intention to favor one over the other but rather to inform our membership on how each candidate views science and the role that it plays in government. We have done this in response to concern expressed by members that the Union should take a more active role in providing information on scientific activities and science policy development both within the executive and congressional arenas. Admittedly, the questions we posed to the candidates may seem to some to be too broad and perhaps even naive; however, by keeping questions brief and general we felt there was a better chance of receiving meaningful answers. Each reader can interpret these responses and react according to his or her own conscience.
The second decade of Soviet hydrology: Selected papers
Authors: Browzin Boris S. , Durum Walter H.
Published: October 2011

The publication Soviet Hydrology: Selected Papers began over a decade ago. The first issue appeared in 1962. Papers for translation and inclusion are chosen from the hydrologic research publications of various USSR government agencies, institutes, and universities. The main sources for selected papers are the various publications of the Main Administration of the Hydrome‐teorological Service of the USSR. The institutions reporting to this administration produce a variety of hydrologic publications. Certain journals are devoted entirely to particular subjects. The journals are published at irregular intervals.

The multitude of journals on hydrology and related subjects offer a wide range of papers for translation.
Lunar Mare Basalts: Conference Summary
Authors: Merill R. B. , Haskin L. A. , Hubbard N. J. , Lofgren G. E. , Minear J. W. , Williams R. J. , Head J. W. , Papike J. J.
Published: October 2011

Lunar mare basalts, which form the obvious dark patches on the face of our nearest planetary neighbor, may offer us a glimpse into processes commonly active during late stages in dynamic evolution of terrestrial planets, stages through which the earth itself may yet pass as its internal heat sources and attendant internal activity continue to decline. Alternatively, these basalts may be products of processes active only during early evolutionary histories of terrestrial planets, which have long since been reworked on earth but have been preserved on the more stable surface of the moon. These important questions, among others concerning interpretation of the truly massive quantities of photographic, chemical, physical, and petrologic data pertaining to the origins and significance of these interesting rocks, concerned the 110 scientists who participated in the Conference on Origins of Mare Basalts and Their Implications for Lunar Evolution, held on November 17–19, 1975, at the Lunar Science Institute in Houston, Texas.
Comments on use of anomalous stations for IMS
Authors: Camfield P. A. , Gough D. I.
Published: October 2011

One of us has recently reviewed the general problem of the effects of induction in the earth upon the measurement of external time‐varying magnetic fields [Gough, 1974]. In this context we are concerned about the inclusion of Rapid City, South Dakota, and Alert and Mould Bay, N.W.T., Canada, in magnetometer networks for the International Magnetospheric Study, as described by Lanzerotti et al [1976]. Inhomogen eities in the electrical conductivity of the earth's crust cause drastic distortions in the variation fields recorded at these stations.

Rapid City is on top of an anomaly which more than doubles the D component variations, at periods of tens of minutes; Zis also anomalous [Alabi et al., 1975]. At Alert the horizontal variation vector is strongly confined in the northwest‐southeast direction [Niblett et al., 1974]. Observations at Rapid City and Alert will certainly be dominated by the very large anomalies caused by induced currents channeled in the underlying crust. At Mould Bay the vertical variations are unusually attenuated by crustal layers of anomalously high conductivity [DeLaurier et al., 1974].
Prediction of the Haicheng earthquake
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

At 1936 LT, the evening of February 4, 1975. a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurred near the town of Haicheng. Liaoning Province, in the People's Republic of China. This earthquake was widely felt through northeastern China and caused coniderable damage to existing structures and cultivated land in the epicentral region. Approximately 90% of the structures in Haicheng, a city of 90,000 people, were destroyed or seriously damaged at the time of the earthquake. Given the time of day, subfreezing ambient temperatures, and the population density through the region in which significant damage occurred, casualties in excess of 100,000 would have ordinarily been anticipated—had this earthquake not been predicted accurately enough to effect massive evacuation of the local population from their dwellings on the afternoon and evening of February 4. The prediction of the Haicheng earthquake is an extraordinary achievement of the seismological and geophysical workers of the People's Republic of China, whose national program in earthquake research was less than 10 years old at the time. At the same time the Haicheng earthquake was the first major shock to have been accurately predicted anywhere in the world, and our delegation is one of several groups of scientists whose trips to China have been highlighted by the accounts of this remarkable success.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following volcanic, earthquake, and astronomical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN, Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560).
New reviews associate editors
Authors: Chamberlain J. W.
Published: October 2011

The editorial policy of Reviews is to maintain a reasonable balance of articles pertaining to all disciplines within AGU. Members of AGU who may be interested in writing a review article—whether it be a ‘topical review’ of a few pages on a subject of special current interest or a major overview that sorts, distills, and updates the status of a subject area—should write or talk to the editor or the appropriate associate editor. They can advise potential authors on whether similar projects are currently being undertaken.

Since the function of Reviews is rather different from that of JGR and WRR, the associate editors' main responsibilities lie in identifying areas of active interest where review articles are especially needed. In many cases they also solicit the articles from potential authors. Associate editors also recommend referees and, in the rare cases necessary, assist the editor in adjudicating disputes between referees and authors.
U.S.‐Japan seminar on earthquake precursors
Authors: Suzuki Ziro , Kisslinger Carl
Published: October 2011

For the fifth time since 1964, seismologists, other geophysicists, and geologists from the United States and Japan met in a joint seminar on earthquake prediction research. This time the emphasis was on the status of our understanding of earthquake precursors on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. The Japanese research effort is now being carried out under the third 5‐year program, started in 1974. The American scientists were able to report for the first time on results achieved under a formally established national program of prediction research, part of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Also for the first time, social scientists from the two nations were on hand to discuss their studies of the social and economic consequences of earthquake prediction.