bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior effect of mini-implant anchorage in the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion
Authors: Hong Vo Thi Thuy , Lien Tran Thi Kim , Tuan Pham Anh , Viet Hoang
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the effectiveness of mini-implant (MI) anchorage versus conventional anchorage for the treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted on 64 patients with skeletal class II malocclusion. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) 32 patients underwent conventional anchorage, and 2) 32 patients underwent MI anchorage. Cephalometric radiographs were taken pre-treatment, and the data were compared with post-treatment measurements.

RESULTS:

The age and gender distribution between the conventional and MI anchorage groups was similar, and the differences were statistically significant. The SNA and SNB angles post-treatment were reduced compared to pre-treatment measurements in both groups. The MI anchorage demonstrated a superior subsidence effect, reducing the level of forward displacement of the first molars in the maxilla. The MI group also exhibited less extrusion of the molars compared to the conventional group. In skeletal class II cases, especially in patients with a high mandibular angle using MI anchorage helped prevent the mandible from rotating counterclockwise, thus improving aesthetics rather than worsening them after treatment. In 75% of the cases in the MI anchorage group, the outcome was assessed as “greatly improved” based on the PAR index.

CONCLUSIONS:

MI anchorage was more effective than conventional anchorage. It allows for greater posterior movement and intrusion of the maxillary incisors while maintaining or rotating the mandibular plane counterclockwise.
Evaluation of the efficiency of SmartArch, copper-NiTi, and NiTi archwires in resolving mandibular anterior crowding: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashok Thrishna , Ammayappan Pavithranand , Alexander Lidhiya , Kengadaran Shivashankar , Kumar Praveen
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:

Resolution of crowding remains a chief concern for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The choice of the initial aligning archwire is crucial for achieving treatment success. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires have been the first choice since their introduction. Multi-force archwires are a recent development that claims to deliver optimal orthodontic force tailored to specific teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficiency of SmartArch® archwires with conventional and thermoelastic NiTi.

METHODOLOGY:

Thirty-nine patients were randomly allocated into three groups (group 1: NiTi, group 2: Cu-NiTi, and group 3: SmartArch®). Only patients with Little’s irregularity index of >4 mm were included. Study models were fabricated at each time interval of four weeks (T0, T1, T2, and until decrowding). The reduction in the irregularity score was calculated and analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Kaplan-Meier method to create a survival curve, and Mantel-Cox log-rank test to compare survival times.

RESULTS:

The Little’s irregularity index reduced with treatment in all patients, irrespective of the groups, with no significant difference (P = 0.467) in the reduction among the groups evaluated. On average, it took 10.77 ± 2.52 weeks for group 1, 11 ± 4.22 weeks for group 2, and 9.54 ± 2.6 weeks for group 3. Patients with rotated canines took a longer duration to achieve decrowding, irrespective of the archwires used.

CONCLUSION:

This study found no clinically significant difference in the efficiency of decrowding among the archwires.

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Institutional Ethical Committee (IGIDSIEC2021NRP13PGTHODO) and registered under the Clinical Trial Registry (CTRI/2021/09/036859) of India.
The effect of energy drinks on force degradation of elastomeric chains (An in vitro study)
Authors: Abbass Noor N. , Albo Hassan Alaa F. , Nahidh Mohammed
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:

This in vitro study aimed to determine how three different energy drink types affected the force decay of three distinct brands of clear, short elastomeric chains over various time intervals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this study, 600 pieces of clear, short elastomeric chains from three brands were examined. The initial force was measured immediately using a digital scale and after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. These intervals followed immersion in the respective energy drink for 5 minutes twice daily. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests, the percentage of force decay was computed and compared across the different elastic brands, time intervals, and energy drinks.

RESULTS:

The force degradation of various elastic brands immersed in different energy drinks increased over time, following a similar pattern of decay. By the end of the fourth week, there were highly significant differences in the force decay percentage, varying from 68% to 83%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering the effects of brands, duration, and energy drinks, all the evaluated brands exhibited similar patterns of force decay, with highly significant differences noted. The force decay in Coca-Cola Energy and Fire ball drinks is relatively higher than in other beverages.
Investigating the characteristics of the mandibular canal in cone beam CT
Authors: Do Thao Thi , Le Lam Nguyen , Tan Loc Truong , Dang Anh The Thien , Huynh Duyen Ngoc Kim , Truong My Hoan , Nguyen Luan Minh
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT:

The mandibular canal (MC) is an essential landmark that should be considered before any surgeries. Therefore, accurately assessing the location and characteristics of the MC in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is very important.

AIMS:

To determine the characteristics of the MC in relation to adjacent anatomical structures in CBCT projections.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

The convenience sampling method.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

This was a retrospective study of 112 CBCT images of Vietnamese patients aged 18 to 69 years, taken for clinical indications between 2018 and 2023. The evaluation was carried out by comparing and arranging the anatomical structures of different planes in three-dimensional space to assess and measure relevant dimensions.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Independent samples T-test.

RESULTS:

The average diameter of the MC from the apex of the second premolar to the distal apex of the second molar, if there were no missing teeth in this segment, was 2.58 ± 0.52 mm (right) and 2.55 ± 0.54 mm (left). If there were a missing tooth in this segment, the measurements were 2.51 ± 0.79 mm (right) and 2.47 ± 0.45 mm (left). The difference between the two sides regarding the presence or absence of a missing tooth was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

The precise localization of the MC related to the tooth apex and the diameter of the MC can vary in each person. CBCT indications should be considered when establishing treatment planning to avoid damaging the inferior alveolar nerve in the MC.
Facialprofile determination using a novel face analyzer orthodontic mobile application
Authors: Brahmanta Arya , Syahdinda Meralda Rossy , Kurniawan Hansen , Marya Anand , Chandrasekharan Deepak
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To find out the difference, the type of facial profile, and facial asymmetry between manual methods and mobile application, which is named the face analyzer orthodontic application. Facial profiles can be determined from the side of the face, categorized into three types: straight, convex, and concave profiles. Facial asymmetry refers to the imbalance between facial components concerning size, shape, and opposing positions of planes, lines, or points.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The research design was a cross-sectional study design using extra oral patient photographs who were treated in Orthodontic Department of Nala Husada Dental Hospital, Surabaya. The technique used was simple random sampling. The number of samples obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was 37 patients, ranged 9–15 years old. The facial profile and asymmetry were determined from extra oral photos before objectively analyzed and processed in face analyzer application by comparing with the manual technique. Wilcoxon test, used to determine the significance value of facial profiles and the facial asymmetry, was analyzed by McNemar’s test.

RESULTS:

Testing on two variables with two different treatment groups obtained P > 0.05. The Wilcoxon test result (P = 0.157) indicates there is no significant difference, and the McNemar test result (P = 0.375) indicates there was no significant difference in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of determining the facial profile and facial asymmetry showed no difference between manual and face analyzer orthodontic mobile applications.
Influence of pH on the release of nickel ions from fixed orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva
Authors: Ouédraogo Youssouf , Sakira Abdoul Karim , Ouédraogo Moussa , Tapsoba Issa , Konsem Tarcissus , Beugré Jean Bertin
Published: November 2024

AIM:

The aim of this study was to make a laboratory assessment of pH influence on the kinetics of the release of nickel ions in artificial saliva.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

In this study, 15 basic orthodontic appliances are immersed in 15 polyethylene tubes each containing 40 ml of artificial saliva. Tubes were divided into three sub-groups of 5 tubes depending on the pH: pH 5, pH 7 and pH 8. The release of nickel ions was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry in a sample of 5 ml of artificial saliva taken one hour, four hours and one hundred and sixty-eight hours after immersion in a water bath at 37°.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Significance threshold P was set at 0.05. A Student T test and the 2-way Anova test (with a Bonferoni post-test) were used respectively to compare the means.

RESULTS:

The neutral pH causes a low release of nickel ions. The release kinetics of nickel ions is minimal for neutral pH, it increases when pH varies. After one hour of immersion, the nickel released did not reach the spectrometer quantification threshold as for neutral and acid pH. The alkaline pH causes an average release of nickel ions from the beginning without kinetic variation. As time passes (T3), the acidic pH causes more nickel ions release through a succession of oxidation-reduction reactions. After 168 hours, the average mass of nickel released is 0.30 µg for pH 7, 1.35 µg for pH 8 and up to 2.85 µg for pH 5.

CONCLUSIONS:

Quantities released did not reach nickel toxicity threshold in humans. Orthodontists must consider the potential risk of hypersensitivity due to nickel in fixed orthodontic appliances.
Predictors of severity factors associated with severe scrub typhus among children in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Panda Subhasmita , Panda Kalpana , Swain Subrat Kumar , Gupta Medha , Sarangi Rachita
Published: November 2024

Background & objectives:

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi. Growing data over the last few years on the Indian subcontinent suggest that it is one of the most widespread but under-reported diseases. The study aimed to document the clinical and paraclinical profile and evaluate complications of scrub typhus in severe and nonsevere pediatric age groups.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted in pediatric patients. Frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation were all included in the descriptive statistical analysis calculation. Multivariate analysis was conducted to predict the severity factor.

Results:

A total of 189 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) age of the cohort was 5.54 ± 3.9 years, with a male predominance of 68.2%. The mean ± SD duration of fever was 6.64 ± 1.43 days. Patients with severe scrub typhus experienced complications including hepatic involvement (42, 64.6%), respiratory distress (23, 46.1%), neurological involvement (14, 24.6%), acute kidney injury (10, 15.4%), myocarditis (9, 13.8%), and (16, 24.6%) have multi-organ dysfunction. patients with raised transaminases (> 180 IU/L) have a 3.7 to 4.1 times greater chance of developing severity. Thrombocytopenia is found to be another independent predictor of severe scrub typhus in our study.

Interpretation & conclusion:

Clinical signs of hepatomegaly, skin rash, and lymphadenopathy were significant predictors of severity. Delays in treatment are a key contributor to the severity of pediatric scrub typhus.
The Psychological Effect of Masks Following COVID-19 and the Desire for Facial Cosmetic Procedures: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alsulami Osama A. , Alsuayri Razan A. , Alrashed Hatim , Hibili Nawal Hussain Madani , Alkhudairy Abdulaziz Ibrahim M. , Abu Alqam Rakan , Fadel Zahir T.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has globally impacted public health with swift measures like mask-wearing. Previous outbreaks as well as the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the correlation between anxiety and social avoidance behaviors. However, the psychological impact of mask-wearing on individuals’ self-esteem and body image and its potential influence on the demand for facial cosmetic procedures remain uncertain.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study, conducted in Saudi Arabia, employed a questionnaire-based design. Data was collected via an online self-administered survey with a non-probability, convenient sampling technique. It included sections on demographics, face mask usage, body image, self-esteem, body appreciation, and facial cosmetic procedures. Two validated scales were used for assessment: “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES)” and “The 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2).”

Results:

A total of 1213 participants were included. The majority of the participants were female (81.9%). In relation to the effects of prolonged mask use, more respondents reported no change in their self-esteem (62.4%), self-consciousness regarding body image (55.3%), and body image satisfaction (61.9%). Participants who were unaffected by prolonged mask use on their body image had higher BAS-2 scores (median = 43.0, interquartile range = 31.0–50.0; P < 0.001). A total of 637 (52.5%) participants expressed a desire for non-surgical cosmetic enhancement, with fillers or Botox being popular choices among 43.2% of participants.

Conclusion:

The study found that wearing masks for extended periods had no negative effects on participants’ perceptions of confidence or body image. However, our study indicated that those with lower BAS-2 and RSES scores were more willing to consider surgical facial cosmetic procedures done in order to improve their appearance.
The Prevalence of Migraine among Patients with Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Fageeh Yahya Ahmed , Alqurashi Marah I. , Alharthi Taif S. , Alharthi Shatha F. , Alzahrani Manar M. , Asiri Mohammed Y. , Al-Rasheedi Abdullah N.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Nasal obstruction is a common health issue that often coexists with headaches, particularly migraines, impacting the quality of life and overall health of affected individuals. The association between nasal obstruction and migraine has been suggested in previous studies, emphasizing the need for further investigation.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for migraine headaches among individuals with nasal obstruction and to assess the impact of nasal obstruction on migraine frequency and severity.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taif City, Saudi Arabia, to compare the proportion of patients with nasal obstruction who reported having migraine headaches to that of patients who did not. This research was performed on adult participants with nasal obstruction symptoms from May 2023 to July 2023. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, nasal obstruction symptoms using the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation Scale, and migraine history using the migraine screen questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.

Results:

Among a total of 572 participants with nasal obstruction included in the study, 40.7% experienced migraine, and 64.5% reported headaches lasting longer than 4 h. There were significant associations between migraines and troublesome nasal breathing, sleep disturbances, and difficulty breathing through the nose during exercise or exertion.

Conclusions:

The study findings support the link between nasal obstruction and migraines, with a high incidence of migraines among individuals with nasal obstruction. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of migraines among patients with nasal obstruction. These findings underscore the need for improved diagnosis, management, and quality of life for individuals affected by nasal obstruction and migraines.
Lessons from Magnetic Resonance Defecography in Obstructed Defecation Syndrome: A Cornerstone for Adequate Surgical Planning
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Rui , Gonçalves Rafaela Brás , Marques Isabel , Pereira Carlos Costa , Martins Sandra , Pereira Joaquim Costa
Published: November 2024

Background:

Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is associated with both anatomical and functional pelvic floor abnormalities. Magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) is a dynamic imaging technique that plays a crucial role in assessing these anatomical defects and understanding their contribution to ODS.

Objectives:

Evaluate MRD findings in patients with ODS and discuss how these findings impact surgical treatment strategies.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Patients and Methods:

This study included all women diagnosed with ODS who underwent surgical intervention between March 2018 and December 2022. MRD findings analyzed included perineal descent, cystocele, central compartment prolapse, rectocele, rectal intussusception, enterocele, and pelvic floor dyssynergia. Organ prolapses were evaluated at maximal strain. Association between different pelvic floor defects were analyzed.

Main Outcome Measure:

Rate of pelvic floor defects observed on MRD in patients with ODS.

Sample Size:

A total of 41 women were included.

Results:

Descending perineum and anterior rectocele were the most common abnormalities, observed in 38 (92.7%) patients. The third most common defect was cystocele, present in 37 (90.2%) patients. Rectal intussusception was identified in 33 (80.5%) patients. Central compartment prolapse was present in 30 (73.2%) patients, and enterocele was diagnosed in 18 (43.9%). The most common defect combination was perineal descent with simultaneous rectocele, observed in 36 (87.8%) patients. Among the 41 patients, 38 (92.7%) presented with bicompartmental prolapse. No patient presented with an isolated anatomical defect, as patients who did not have bicompartmental prolapse had posterior pelvic defects in association with descending perineum. Twenty-seven (65.9%) patients presented with tricompartmental prolapse. Patients with central compartment prolapse had the highest rate of associated tricompartmental prolapse (90.0%). Only four (9.8%) patients presented with pelvic floor dyssynergia.

Conclusion:

ODS is a multifactorial constipation syndrome associated with the coexistence of multiple compartment anatomical defects. None of the patients presented with a single abnormality, highlighting the importance of simultaneously assessing all pelvic floor defects.

Limitations:

Due to its retrospective nature, this study has inherent limitations primarily related to data collection.

Conflict of Interest:

None.
Investigating Contact Pressure in Combustion Seal Designs for
Injectors: Experimental and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kaliyanda Aneesh
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the contact pressure distribution of three combustion
seal designs for fuel injectors using both experimental techniques and finite
element analysis (FEA). The designs tested included the baseline seal (Design
#1), a conical seal (Design #2), and the current production seal (Design #3). In
phase 1, a 2D axisymmetric FEA was conducted under worst-case torque conditions
(67.8 Nm) to simulate contact pressure, with an axial load of 10 kN and
combustion pressure of 21.3 MPa applied to the injector assembly. Phase 2
employed Fuji films to measure the pressure distribution at higher torques (89.5
and 115.2 Nm) in a more realistic scenario, incorporating challenges such as
misalignment and eccentric loading. During this phase, Fuji film shearing was a
significant challenge, complicating the accurate assessment of pressure
profiles. Design #1 failed to maintain the minimum threshold contact pressure of
70 MPa over a 1 mm length, leading to potential leakage. Design #2 showed
improved performance, particularly on the upper surface, but encountered issues
with Fuji film shearing at the lower surface. Design #3 exhibited the best
performance, maintaining pressures above 70 MPa on both surfaces over more than
1 mm, indicating no expected leakage. These results highlight the efficacy of
combining computational and experimental approaches in evaluating seal designs,
while also underscoring the need for refinement in experimental methods to
address challenges like film shearing and incomplete strain gauge
calibration.
Medium/Heavy-Duty E/E Systems Diagnosis Nomenclature
Authors:   Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: November 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to all E/E systems on MD and HD vehicles. The terms defined are largely focused on compression-ignited and spark-ignited engines. Specific applications of this document include diagnostic, service and repair manuals, bulletins and updates, training manuals, repair data bases, under-hood emission labels, and emission certification applications.

This document focuses on diagnostic terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms applicable to E/E systems. It also covers mechanical systems which require definition.

Nothing in this document should be construed as prohibiting the introduction of a term, abbreviation, or acronym not covered by this document. The use and appropriate updating of this document is strongly encouraged.

Certain terms have already been in common use and are readily understood by manufacturers and technicians, but do not follow the methodology of this document. These terms fall into three categories:

a

Acronyms that do not logically fit the term.

b

Acronyms existing at the component level (i.e., their terms contain the base word or noun that describes the generic item that is being further defined).

c

Acronyms for terms that appear to contain the base word, but are frequently used as a modifier to another base word. (This use may possibly be thought of as following the methodology, since the acronym is normally used as a modifier.)
Spacers and Washers, Procurement Specification for, Metric
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: November 2024

This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws.
Edebi Çeviriye Transkültürel Bakış
Authors: Özbent Sueda
Published: November 2024

Günümüzde iletişimi kolaylaştıran çeşitli imkânlar, medya, teknolojik gelişimler, kolay bilgi paylaşımı ve ekonomik seyahatler globalleşme sürecini hızlandırmıştır. Farklı fikirler ve kültürler kesintisiz akış ve ilişki içerisindedir. Bu etkileşim edebiyatı da etkilemiş ve transkültürel edebiyattan söz edilir olmuştur. Bu çalışma için seçilen Sahilde Kafka adlı eserin yazarı Haruki Murakami sadece küresel edebiyatta transkültürel bir yazar olarak değil aynı zamanda sevilen, enternasyonal tanınmış çağdaş Japon edebiyatının yazarlarındandır. Bu eserin Türkçe çevirisinden yola çıkarak yazarın kendine has transkültürel stratejisi ile Batı kültürüne ait unsurları nasıl kullandığı ve eserine entegre ettiği araştırılmıştır. Özellikle müzik ve edebiyata yapılan göndermeler yazma üslubunda önemli yer tutmaktadır. Eserlerindeki karakterlerin yaşam ve davranış biçimlerinin transkültürellik olgusundan ne derece etkilendiği yukarıda adı geçen eser örneğinde gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Benlik arayışı, başka dünyaya kaçış ve toplumsal değerlere ve normlara başkaldırış gibi konulara gönderme yapan referanslar da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada yakın okuma tekniğinden ve Christiane Nord’un “metin dünyası” kavramından faydalanılmıştır.
Impact of vaccination and testing levels on the COVID-19 waves
Authors: Nesteruk Igor
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Record numbers of new COVID-19 cases and deaths registered in Japan, Europe, and other countries in 2022 aroused questions about efficacy of vaccination and testing. The pandemic waves in Japan, Ukraine, USA, Hong Kong, mainland China, South Korea, the UK, New Zealand, Africa, and Europe in 2020, 2021, and 2022 will be compared. Influence of vaccination and testing levels will be investigated.

Methods: The smoothed daily numbers of new cases and deaths per capita, case fatality risks as the ratio of these characteristics and accumulated numbers of deaths and cases, the tests per case ratio, and the non-linear correlation were used.

Results: As in other countries, new severe waves of the COVID-19 pandemic occurred in Japan in 2022 despite of very high vaccination level. Non-linear correlation revealed, that the daily number of new cases drastically decreases with the increase of the tests per case ratio.

Discussion: Increasing the test per case ratio and application of quarantine restrictions for the entire population, including vaccinated people, can be recommended to reduce the negative consequences of epidemics.
Total lymphocyte count and wound dehiscence of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Bhuiyan Mohammad Sayeem , Kalam Azzad Mohammad Abul , Mahbub Zaki Mohammed , Rahaman Md Mostafizur , ullah Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Nutritional status is a sensitive indicator of health. There is not a single parameter that serve as the only and best parameter to evaluate malnourished patients or patients with risk for malnutrition. Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were a focus of concern for nutritional impairment. Nutritional impairment is a common phenomenon among the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. But it is often ignored in treatments and follow-up care. The objective of the study was to assess relationship between lymphocyte and wound dehiscence of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were histologically confirmed. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional study. All patients were studied and followed until discharge from hospital. Surgery of primary lesion with neck dissection were performed for all patients under general anesthesia. The mean age was 47.6 ± 10.8 years in group I, 49.7 ± 8.6 years in group II. Regarding the total lymphocyte count of the patients, it was found that 32 (65.3%) patients had normal nutrition in group I and 5 (45.5%) moderate malnutrition in group I. The mean total lymphocyte count was found 1020.0 ± 819.1 mm3 in group I, 1736.0 ± 474.8 mm3 in group II. The mean total lymphocyte count was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups
Innovative trend analysis of precipitation changes over Nigeria: A case study of locations across the Niger and Benue Rivers
Authors: Agbo Emmanuel P. , Offorson Golden C. , Yusuf Abubakar S. , Bassey John O. , Okono Moses A. , Nkajoe Ugochukwu , Ushie Patrick O.
Published: November 2024

Precipitation has  become a major topic of discussion in the subject of climate change. Studies have presented correlative relationships between climate change and the existing alterations in the global water cycle, leading to more extreme precipitation events, including both droughts and floods. This has shown severe impacts on agriculture, water resources, ozone levels, and human settlements. Accordingly, this study analyzes the trends in 40 years (1981-2020) of total monthly and annual precipitation data from six selected locations in Nigeria, using both the Mann-Kendall (MK) and new Sen's innovative trend analysis (ITA) method. The stations were chosen because of their close proximity to the Niger or Benue Rivers. The data were visually analyzed using boxplots to identify seasonal patterns and outliers, and the results of the MK test show that four of the six locations detected trends for annual and wet season precipitation variations. However, this was not applicable to dry season variations. The ITA test results show that only Kainji has an increasing trend in total annual and wet season precipitation, especially for high precipitation values, whereas other locations show decreasing trends for maximum precipitation values. A comparison of the two tests suggests that, the ITA test is more sensitive in detecting trends in precipitation data for the study locations. Overall, this study provides useful information for understanding the precipitation patterns in Nigeria, and can assist in planning and implementing appropriate water resource management strategies, with regards to the major rivers in the region.
Improving the thermal stability and dielectric properties of epoxy/phenolic resin type (novolac) composites by incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs)
Authors: Shokralla Elsammani Ali
Published: November 2024

This study aims to enhance the thermal stability and dielectric properties of an epoxy/phenolic resin-type novolac blend by incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The EP/novolac-CNF composite was created by dispersing a 10% weight fraction of CNFs into the EP/novolac blend. Various analyses were conducted to assess the improvements brought by the addition of CNFs. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Dielectric Measurements (DM) were employed to determine the Tg values. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) were used to evaluate the thermal stability. Results indicated that the inclusion of carbon nanofibers enhanced the thermal stability of the composite, as evidenced by the increased char yield at temperatures exceeding 700 oC, reaching 27.08% compared to 8.4% for the EP/novolac blend. Dielectric measurements were conducted across a frequency range of 102 -107 Hz and a temperature range of 293-463 K. The results revealed a wide dielectric dispersion in all samples, indicating the presence of Debye relaxation and a broad distribution of relaxation times. Eyring’s relaxation rate equation was applied to determine the thermodynamic parameters, such as the Gibbs free energy of activation (\Delta G) and entropy (\Delta S). The results indicated strong intermolecular interactions in all tested samples. The incorporation of carbon nanofibers into the EP/novolac blend led to improvements in thermal stability and dielectric properties. The analysis of various parameters suggests enhanced performance and potential applications of the EP/novolac-CNF composite in relevant fields.
Pharmacy student’s awareness and perception of pharmaceutical disposal and its level in tap water
Authors: Salime Nurin Izzati , Anak Stanley Johanna Sophia , Goh Hui Poh , Long Chiau Ming , Ramli Salfarina , James Richard Johari , Choo Chee-Yan
Published: November 2024

Background: Improper disposal of pharmaceuticals can harm humans, animals, and the ecosystem, with studies finding residues in tap water that may affect drinking water safety. Therefore, this study aims to examine pharmacy student’s disposal practices and the association between the Respondents' Disposal Practices (RDP) with Demographic Factors (RDF), their knowledge of the impact of improper disposal on tap water quality (KII), awareness of proper disposal practices (KPD), and the availability and accessibility of disposal facilities (AAD).
Methods: The questionnaire consisted of a question on RDP as the dependent variable and fifteen questions from four independent variables, namely, RDF, KII, KPD, and AAD. It was distributed online using Google Forms. Descriptive data was analysed using SPSS to investigate the association between dependent and independent variables.
Results: There were 175 respondents, and 76.6% of them kept unused or expired medications. The analysis revealed that the RDP were unrelated to the RDF. However, KII and KPD were partially associated with RDP. Lastly, the AAD was strongly associated with RDP.
Conclusion: Most respondents were unaware of the proper disposal of unused or expired drugs. The study recommends incorporating proper medication disposal into the pharmacy curriculum and strengthening the medication take-back programme by encouraging community pharmacies to participate in the Medicine Return Programme.
PEACE COURTS AND INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS AS FORMS OF SPECIAL JURISDICTION FOR RESOLVING LABOR DISPUTES IN NAPOLEON'S FRANCE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Marinković Milica
Published: November 2024

In the paper, the author provides an analysis of the origin and functioning of two special judicial instances in nineteenth-century France - peace courts and industrial tribunals. In the conditions of the Revolution and the ban on professional associations of workers and employers on the one hand, and high court fees before regular courts on the other hand, there was a need for an instance that would resolve disputes between workers and employers quickly, simply and cheaply. Peace courts and industrial tribunals were created to fill that hole in the judicial system of France at the time.
By analyzing legal and by-law acts, as well as literature of the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, the author presents the way of creation and functioning, the social importance of these institutions and their similarities and differences.
THE LESSEE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OTHERS ON THE RENTED THING ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF ROMAN LAW
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Sovrlić Milica
Published: November 2024

During the lease period, the lessee had the obligation to show certain care in order to prevent damage to the property. This means that he had to take care not only that some of his actions did not reduce the value of things, but also that he did not allow someone else to do so. Otherwise, he was liable for the damage. The paper discusses in what cases, under what conditions and in a which way the lessee was liable if the damage to the leased item was caused by other persons.
PLATFORM WORK AND THE CREATION OF A "THIRD CATEGORY" OF WORKERS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Urdarević Bojan
Published: November 2024

Digitalization is a concept that marks the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Positive law has not yet sufficiently kept pace with changes in the economy, although significant progress has been made, particularly in the normative regulation of new forms of employment. Digitalization has given rise to platform work, which alters or introduces new applications of traditional concepts and relationships between employers and employees. The emergence of digital platforms has led to the creation of a new term, "user," with employees and employers alternating in the role of "platform user," and the "platform" acting both as a "mediator" and as an "employer."
Platform work, as a new social and economic phenomenon, has become primarily a legal phenomenon for which labor legislation is just beginning to develop regulations. The European Union Directive on Improving Working Conditions for Platform Workers represents a breakthrough in regulating the labor legal status of platform workers and will prevent further labor-legal degradation, social insecurity, economic subordination, and exploitation. It is expected that the established presumption of an employment relationship will lead to a significant number of workers transitioning from self-employed status to employed status.
Given that the Republic of Serbia is in the process of European integration and that platform work constitutes a significant part of the economy, it is of utmost importance to swiftly address the clear regulation of the status of individuals working through digital platforms. The proposed European Union Directive on Improving Working Conditions for Platform Workers should serve as a starting point for such regulation.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO DIVIDE THE POWER OF THE STATE? Some open questions of the principle of separation of powers
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Vučković Jelena
Published: November 2024

The author starts from the position of the impossibility of a sharp separation of powers. State power is unique, although there are different functions performed by different authorities. These functions are related. Sovereignty rests on the synthesis of different branches of government. Using the example of public agencies, the author points out that sovereignty cannot be shared and that the separation of powers is primarily an organizational and legal issue of divided competences, and then a political issue that is difficult to control in modern conditions because we have a number of independent bodies, which are not really so. The separation of powers is actually an attempt to put the law above politics and to restrain informal and extra-legal political influence, not so much the organs as the individuals in them through the legal regulation of competences, control of organs and the responsibilities of individuals. The state government fights against all division, because it is immanently a „single whole“, but law seek to restrain and control it.
ACQUIS NE UTER
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Dakić Dragan
Published: November 2024

Can Serbia be a member of the European Union while also adhering to a policy of military neutrality? This research question is framed with two key considerations in mind. Firstly, Serbia is required to adopt and enforce the Acquis Communautaire within its national legal system as part of the process to become a member. The term acquis signifies a comprehensive set of laws that encompass both primary and secondary legal documents, as well as elements concerning the Common Foreign and Security Policy. This includes Chapter 31, which focuses on political dialogues with the EU, the relationship between the candidate state and EU institutions, engagement with international entities like the UN, OSCE, and Council of Europe, along with regulations pertaining to arms control, European security and defense policies, collaboration with NATO, and efforts against terrorism. Secondly, in 2007 the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia has approved a Resolution designed to protect the republic's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and constitutional order. A pivotal aspect of this resolution is Serbia’s declaration of military neutrality, which is shaped by the historical context of NATO's actions in the region, particularly the 1999 bombing of Serbia conducted without the authorization of the UN Security Council.
INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION IN THE FUNCTION OF DEVELOPING AND STRENGTHENING THE CAPACITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITS
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Kovačević Anika
Published: November 2024

Inter-municipal cooperation implies various forms of interaction between two or more municipalities and other local self-government units in the performance of tasks within their jurisdiction, which, in certain cases, may include other entities. The basic areas in which it is possible to ensure the improvement of the decentralized system in this way are regional, spatial and development planning, communal activities, tourism, civil protection services, environmental protection, local government and others. By connecting other subjects, such as the non-governmental and private sector, but also regional units of state administration, i.e. higher-level services, with certain forms of inter-municipal cooperation, it is possible to realize significant benefits, such as securing or more optimal use of human, organizational, natural, economic , financial, cultural and other resources, all for the purpose of efficient performance of public affairs. In the paper, the author analyzes the method, conditions and procedure for establishing inter-municipal cooperation. The national legislation provides an extremely wide, unrestricted, but also insufficiently stimulated opportunity for cooperation, where all elements of interconnection depend solely on the will of the municipalities concerned, except in cases provided for by law.
Efektivitas Pemberesan Boedel Pailit Oleh Kurator dan Perlindungan Hak Terhadap Kreditur Separatis Bank
Authors: Sinaga Comodor Erfisen , Nainggolan Bernard , Widiarty Wiwik Sri
Published: November 2024

Ekonomi Indonesia telah menunjukkan tren positif dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Namun, masih terdapat berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi, seperti tingginya tingkat kemiskinan, kesenjangan pendapatan, dan pengangguran. Metode pendekatan yang akan penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan secara yuridis normatif. Pendekatan Perundang  – undangan (statute approach), Pendekatan Kasus (case approach), dan Pendekatan Konseptual (conceptual approach). Bahwa dengan disahkannya Undang-undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang telah terdapat adanya kepastian hukum mengenai pengertian kreditur. Bahwa apabila kita baca terkait dengan penjelasan Pasal 2 Ayat (1) Undang-undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Bahwa dalam perkara Perkara Pailit Putusan Nomor 12/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2015/PN Niaga Smg tertanggal 22 Oktober 2015 pada pokoknya Kurator PT. Mitra Sentosa Plastik Industri (Dalam Pailit) telah efektif melakukan penilaian harta pailit debitur PT. Mitra Sentrosa Plastik (Dalam Pailit) selaku debitur pailit, dan telah efektif dalam melaksanakan dan/atau melakukan pemberesan harta pailit PT. Mitra Sentosa Plastik Industri (Dalam Pailit)
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Melalui Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Keterbukaan Informasi di Pasar Modal Indonesia
Authors: Elvin Elvin , Suprapti Endang , Ananto Riana Wulandari
Published: November 2024

Dinamisnya perekonomian Pasar Modal pada suatu negara, merupakan wadah bagi para pengusaha swasta dan BUMN dalam pengembangan usahanya. Salah satu hal yang sangat mendasar dalam industri pasar modal adalah keberadaan prinsip keterbukaan informasi sebagai prinsip yang harus dijaga dan diatur untuk kepentingan semua pihak yang terlibat dalam industri pasar modal, untuk menjaga kepercayaan investor lokal maupun asing. Penelitian ini mengangkat tentang perlindungan hukum bagi investor melalui penerapan prinsip-prinisp keterbukaan informasi di pasar modal Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif (doktrinal) dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan juga studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prinsip-prinsip keterbukaan informasi di pasar modal Indonesia yang dituangkan dalam UUPM No.8 Tahun 1995 dan beberapa POJK dalam hal keterbukaan informasi yang wajib dilakukan oleh para Emiten. Dan pengaturan POJK ini perlu dilakukan penyesuaian dengan perkembangan dan dinamika pasar modal di Indonesia. Ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip keterbukaan informasi terus dioptimalkan dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi investor, dan memberikan efek jera bagi para emiten yang melakukan pelanggaran dimaksud
O papel da transformação digital no reposicionamento estratégico das empresas
Authors: Lopes Gabriel César Dias
Published: November 2024

A transformação digital é um tema central para a formulação de estratégias empresariais no contexto contemporâneo. Este estudo sintetiza insights de três artigos acadêmicos que abordam aspectos distintos dessa transformação. D'Cruz et al. (2016) destacam a importância de uma compreensão unificada das estratégias digitais para o desenvolvimento de estruturas prescritivas que as diferenciem das estratégias convencionais. Held (2017) explora o alinhamento entre estratégia digital e estratégia de negócios em PMEs, ilustrando a necessidade de integração para evitar abordagens fragmentadas. Cortellazzo et al. (2019) analisam como a liderança e as hierarquias são transformadas em um ambiente digitalizado, enfatizando o papel da capacitação dos colaboradores e a relevância da responsabilidade ética. A literatura revisada demonstra que a transformação digital vai além da adoção de tecnologias, exigindo uma reavaliação das estratégias organizacionais, um investimento em competências digitais e uma adaptação nas dinâmicas de liderança.
Patentes farmacêuticas: Guia para elaborar subsídios ao exame e nulidades
Authors: Dutra Larissa , Barroso Wanise
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste guia é demonstrar que, com a orientação certa e sabendo onde e como buscar as informações corretas, qualquer profissional pode se capacitar para elaborar um subsídio a pedidos de patente. Esse processo é fundamental para evitar o patenteamento de invenções que não atendam aos requisitos essenciais estabelecidos pela Lei da Propriedade Industrial (Lei 9.279/1996).
Personal Values and Cultural Distances: Shaping Consumer Motivation in Collaborative Consumption
Authors: Akhtar Nasreen , Sandhu Moeed Ahmad
Published: November 2024

The research study examines how personal values and cultural distance interact intricately to affect consumer motivation in the perspective of collaborative consumption. This study generates a conceptual layout that illuminates the complex interactions among these variables by combining a thorough literature assessment. The paradigm highlights a balancing effect of human values and trust between the relationship of cultural differences and consumer motivation. Understanding these processes becomes increasingly crucial as the sharing economy becomes more ubiquitous. The study uses a quantitative research design to clarify these connections. Surveys are used in quantitative analysis to collect information on customer motivation, levels of trust, personal values alignment, and perceptions of cultural distance. The study's triangulated methodology strives to offer an inclusive knowledge of the elements impacting consumer behavior in this complicated environment. According to preliminary data, personal values significantly moderate the effect of cultural influences on consumer’s motivation. The effect of cultural differences on motivation is either accentuated or diminished when personal values coincide with the universal principles of collaborative consumption. Additionally, it becomes clear that trust is a key mediator that has the power to either amplify or mitigate the effect of cultural differences on customer motivation. These observations highlight the need for developing trust-building strategies and promoting cultural sensitivity in order to improve cross-cultural engagement in cooperative consumption practices. In conclusion, this research offers significant new knowledge in a number of areas, such as sharing economy methods, cultural studies, and consumer behavior. The study provides entrepreneurs, policymakers, and stakeholders with the knowledge necessary to successfully traverse the varied environment of collaborative consumption by disentangling the complex web of cultural distance, individual values, and trust. A nuanced and culturally sensitive approach is essential for establishing inclusive and sustainable practices that appeal to customers from all backgrounds as the sharing economy continues to develop.