bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the mind map of the hospital's future changes in a developing country like Iran? A qualitative study
Authors: Masoud Ali , Dehnavieh Reza , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Poursheikhali Atousa , Noorihekmat Somayeh , kazemi Mohammad , Moghadam Mina Ghasemi
Published: September 2022

Background:
Hospitals have a vital role in the future of health systems but will change. Identifying the potential aspects of change helps managers have a proactive approach in dealing with them, make use of the opportunities, and avoid threats. This study presents a mind map of future changes in Iranian hospitals to develop a base for further related studies or prepare evidence for interventions and future-related decisions.
Methods:
This study is a qualitative-exploratory one, conducted in two phases. In the first phase, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted to identify the future changes of the hospitals over a 15-year time horizon. The interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method and MAXQDA 2018 software and holding two expert panels to develop the mind map using the 2016 Visio software.
Results:
In the first phase, 33 interviews led to 144 change patterns. In the second phase, a mind map of changes was drawn according to experts' opinions with ten categories: structure and role, knowledge management and research, service delivery, health forces, political and legal, economic, demographic and disease, technological, and values and philosophy, and environmental.
Conclusions:
Many changes affecting hospitals rooted in the past continue to the future, but the point is the increasing intensity and speed of changes. Health care systems need a systematic approach to monitoring the environment to be updated, agile and proactive. These monitoring systems are essential in providing evidence for Macro-level decision makers.
Pathogenic REST variant causing Jones syndrome and a review of the literature
Authors: Rahikkala Elisa , Julku Johanna , Koskinen Sari , Keski-Filppula Tommi , Häkli Sanna , Kraatari-Tiri Minna
Published: September 2022

Jones syndrome is a rare dominantly inherited syndrome characterized by gingival fibromatosis and progressive sensorineural hearing loss becoming symptomatic in the second decade of life. Here, we report a father and his two daughters presenting with a typical Jones syndrome phenotype. Exome sequencing identified a repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) (NM_005612.5) c.2670_2673del p.(Glu891Profs*6) variant segregating with Jones syndrome in the family. We review the clinical data from all previously published patients with Jones syndrome and previously published patients with pathogenic REST variants associated with gingival fibromatosis or sensorineural hearing loss. This study suggests that pathogenic REST variants are the cause of Jones syndrome.
Nicotine exacerbates diabetic nephropathy through upregulation of Grem1 expression
Authors: Chen Jianning , Xiao Haiting , Xue Rui , Kumar Vinod , Aslam Rukhsana , Mehdi Syed Faizan , Luo Huairong , Malhotra Ashwani , Lan Xiqian , Singhal Pravin
Published: September 2022

Background
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. The tobacco epidemic exacerbates kidney damage in patients with DN. Clinical reports indicate that smoking is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease, including DN; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
Method
In the present study, we used a diabetic mouse model to investigate the molecular mechanisms for nicotine-exacerbated DN. Twelve-week-old female mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to establish a hyperglycemic diabetic model. After four months, the control and hyperglycemic diabetic mice were further divided into four groups (control, Nicotine, diabetic, Nicotine + diabetic) by intraperitoneal injection of Nicotine or PBS. After another two months, urine and blood were collected for kidney injury assay, and renal tissues were harvested for further molecular assays using RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In in vitro studies, we used siRNA to suppress Grem1 expression in human podocytes and then treated them with Nicotine and high glucose to compare podocyte injury.
Result
Nicotine administration alone did not cause apparent kidney injury, but it significantly increased hyperglycemia-induced albuminuria, BUN, and the expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Results from RNA-seq analysis, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis revealed that, compared to hyperglycemia or Nicotine alone, the combination of nicotine treatment and hyperglycemia significantly increased the expression of Grem1 and activated the TGF-β pathway. In vitro experiments, suppression of Grem1 expression attenuated nicotine-exacerbated podocyte injury.
Conclusion
Grem1 plays a vital role in the nicotine-exacerbated DN. Grem1 may be a potential therapeutic target for chronic smokers with DN.
Systematic benchmarking of statistical methods to assess differential expression of
circular RNAs
Authors: Buratin Alessia , Bortoluzzi Stefania , Gaffo Enrico
Published: September 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed transcripts involved in critical regulatory axes, cancer pathways, and disease mechanisms. CircRNA expression measured with RNA-seq has particular characteristics that might hamper the performance of standard biostatistical methods for differential expression assessment (DEMs).
We compared 38 DEM pipelines configured to fit circRNA expression data’s statistical properties, including bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and metagenomics DEMs. The DEMs performed poorly on data sets of typical size. Widely used DEMs, such as DESeq2, edgeR, and Limma-Voom, gave scarce results, unreliable predictions, or even contravened the expected behaviour with some parameter configurations. Limma-Voom achieved the most consistent performance throughout different benchmark data sets and, as well as SAMseq, reasonably balanced false discovery and recall rates. Interestingly, a few scRNA-seq DEMs obtained results comparable to the best performing bulk RNA-seq tools. Almost all DEMs' performance improved when increasing the number of replicates.
CircRNA expression studies require careful design, choice of DEM, and DEM configuration. This analysis can guide scientists in selecting the appropriate tools to investigate circRNA differential expression with RNA-seq experiments.
Haploid induction and plant production in bottle gourd by pollination with gamma irradiated pollen
Authors: Zhang Man , Zhao Qing , Qi Han , Yang Xingping
Published: September 2022

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley] has been used exclusively as rootstocks for Cucurbit crops. Haploid technique increases the selection efficiency for developing resistant bottle gourd varieties. This work focused on haploid induction in bottle gourd through in situ parthenogenesis by pollination with gamma-irradiated pollen. Pollination were carried out for six genotypes of bottle gourd with 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gray (Gy) doses of gamma rays. Production of in vitro haploid plants was influenced by irradiation dose, genotype and embyo stage. Seeds at 17 to 21 days after pollination was found to be optimum for embryo rescue. Pollination with irradiated pollen at 100 to 125 Gy was effective for haploid induction. The ploidy level of the 11 parthenogenetic plantlets was confirmed by flow cytometry and 36.3% haploid and 9% triploid plantlets were obtained. This work provides valuable germplasm resources for bottle gourd genetic analysis and breeding programs.
Analysis of the Accuracy of the Ishii Test in Diagnosing Severe Sarcopenia among Multi- ethnic Middle-aged to Older Adults: Results From the West China Health and Aging Trend Study
Authors: Luo Shuyue , Chen Xiaoyan , Hou Lisha , Yue Jirong , Liu Xiaolei , Xia Xin , Cao Li , Dong Birong
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to establish the diagnostic utility of the Ishii test, which gauges the odds of severe sarcopenia based on the results of an equation based upon age, grip strength, and calf circumference among middle-aged and older adults in Western China.
METHODS: This study incorporated adults ≥ 50 years of age from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. Severe sarcopenia was defined as per the AWGS2019 recommendations, with the odds of severe sarcopenia being estimated with the Ishii test score chart. The diagnostic utility of the Ishii test in this patient cohort was assessed by analyzing its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC).
RESULTS: In total, 4,177 individuals ≥ 50 years of age were included in this study including 2,688 females (63.9%) and 1,509 males (36.1%). These included 568 (13.6%) participants affected by severe sarcopenia, of whom 237 were male (15.7%) and 331 were female (12.4%). Optimal Ishii test cut-off values established based on Youden’s index were ≥ 114 for males and ≥ 120 for females when using the AWGS2019 reference standard. The sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV of the Ishii test when screening for severe sarcopenia were 89.45%/77.15%/0.42/0.98 in males and 90.03%/ 77.05%/0.36/0.98 in females. The AUC values for the Ishii test in males and females were 0.899 (95% CI, 0.883-0.916) and 0.905 (95% CI, 0.892-0.917), respectively.
CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the Ishii test offers value as a candidate diagnostic test that can be used to screen for severe sarcopenia, with recommended diagnostic cut-off values of ≥ 114 for males and ≥ 120 for females.
Chewing gum manages and prevents postoperative ileus in patients after robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Ding Si-Wei , Peng Yue-Qiang , Jiang Yu , Xu Qiao , Liu Jia-Yu , Zheng Yong-Bo
Published: September 2022

To compare the feasibility and effectiveness of gum chewing to promote gastrointestinal (GI) recovery and prevent postoperative ileus (POI) in patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RALPN), all subjects who met the enrollment criteria were randomly divided into the CG group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 29). No intervention other than chewing gum had been set between the two groups. We took the time of first bowel sound, exhaust, defecation, liquid diet, and solid diet as the study endpoints, and performed statistical analysis between the two groups. Baseline and postoperative data of patients were also recorded and analyzed. The time of first flatus, the first defecation, hospital stay, first liquid diet, and first solid diet in the chewing gum group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). CG can be an effective approach to promote bowel function recovery and prevent POI after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.
Women's Empowerment and Homebirth in Sierra Leone. A Secondary Analysis of the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey
Authors: James Peter Bai , Yendewa George A , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Osborne Augustus , Kpagoi Satta Sylvia , Margao Emmanuel Kamanda , Kangbai Jia B , Wardle Jon
Published: September 2022

Background
A nationwide assessment of the link between women's empowerment and homebirth has not been examined in Sierra Leone. Our study examined the association between women's empowerment and homebirth using the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey (2019 SLDHS) data.
Method
We used the individual file (IR) of the 2019 SLDHS dataset for our analysis. A total of 7377 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey were included in our study. Our outcome variable was "home birth of their last child among women in the five years preceding the 2019 SLDHS. Women's empowerment parameters include women's knowledge level, economic participation, decision-making ability, and attitude towards wife beating. We used the complex sample command on SPSS version 28 to conduct descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Three in every 20 women had home childbirth (n = 1177,15.3%). Women with low [AOR = 2.04.;95%CI: 1.43–2.92] and medium [AOR = 1.44;95%CI: 1.05–1.97] levels of knowledge compared to those with high levels of knowledge had higher odds of giving birth at home. Women who were in favour of wife beating were more likely to have had homebirth compared to those who were against wife beating [AOR = 1.38;95%CI:1.09–1.74]. In addition, women with no [AOR = 2.71;95%CI:1.34–5.46) and less than four [AOR = 2.08;95%CI:1.51–2.88] antenatal care visits and who considered the distance to a health facility as a major problem [AOR = 1.95;95%CI:1.49–2.56] were more likely to have had a home birth. However, no significant association between a women's decision-making power and home birth was observed [AOR = 1.11;95%CI:0.86–1.41].
Conclusion
Despite improvements in maternal health indicators, homebirth by unskilled birth attendants is still a public health concern in Sierra Leone. Women with low knowledge levels, who favour wife beating, had less than four ANC visits and considered distance to a health facility as a major problem had higher odds of giving birth at home. Our findings reflect the need to empower women by improving their knowledge level through girl child and adult education, increasing media exposure, changing societal norms and unequal power relations that favour gender-based violence, and improving roads and transport infrastructure.
Spatial Distribution of First and Second Dose Measles Vaccine Coverage in the Cities of São Paulo From 2015 to 2020
Authors: Pamplona Ysabely Aguiar Pontes , Nascimento Anderson Marcos , Olinda Ricardo Alves , Barbieri Carolina Luisa Alves , Braga Alfésio Luís Ferreira , Martins Lourdes Conceição
Published: September 2022

Background: Measles is a contagious viral disease that seriously affects children. The measles vaccine is widely recommended in Brazil and in the world; however, the disease remains relevant for the health authorities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate first and second dose of measles vaccine coverage (VC) in the cities of São Paulo and its spatial dynamics between 2015 and 2020.
Method: In this mixed-type ecological study, we used secondary, public domain data from 2015 to 2020, extracted from the Digital Information System of the National Immunization Program and the National Live Birth Information System. After calculating the VC, the following four categories were created: very low, low, adequate, and high, and the spatial autocorrelation of VC was analyzed using the Global and Local Moran’s statistics.
Results: A steady decline in adherence to the vaccination was observed, which dynamically worsened until 2020, with a high number of cities fitting the classification of ineffective coverage and being potentially harmful to the effectiveness of the immunization activities of their neighbors.
Conclusion: A direct neighborhood pattern was observed between the units with low vaccination coverage, which implied that the reduction in measles VC was somehow related to and negatively influenced by the geographic location and social culture of these areas.
Impact of the Glutamatergic neurotransmission within the A5 region on the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the midbrain dlPAG
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA MARTA , CARRILLO-FRANCO LAURA , PEINADO-ARAGONÉS CARLOS ANTONIO , DÍAZ-CASARES AMELIA , GAGO BELÉN , LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ MANUEL VÍCTOR , DAWID-MILNER MARC STEFAN
Published: September 2022

Stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey matter (dlPAG) in rats evokes an active defensive behaviour together with a cardiorespiratory response characterised by tachypnoea, tachycardia and hypertension. The dlPAG neurons involved in these responses are excitatory, presumably glutamatergic, due to the presence of vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 within their axon terminals. Previously, our group described a functional interaction between dlPAG and the pontine A5 region. Accordingly, in the present work, in order to characterize the role of glutamate within this interaction, experiments were carried out in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbitone 60 mg/kg i.p., suplemented with 20 mg/kg i.p.). The cardiorespiratory response evoked by electrical stimulation of the dlPAG (1ms pulses, 20-50 mA, given at 100 Hz, during 5s) was analysed before and after the microinjection, within the A5 region, of either kynurenic acid (non-specific glutamate receptor antagonist; 5-10 nmol), DAP-5 (NMDA antagonist; 1 pmol), CNQX (non-NMDA antagonist; 1 pmol) or MCPG (metabotropic antagonist; 0,1 nmol). Kynurenic acid decreased the intensity of both the tachypnoea (p<0,001) and tachycardia (p<0,001) induced by dl-PAG stimulation. Blockade of no-NMDA receptors reduced the increase of respiratory frequency, heart rate and pressor response to dl-PAG stimulation (p<0,01, p<0,001, p<0,05 respectively). Blockade of either NMDA or metabotropic receptors reduced the dlPAG-evoked tachycardia and pressor response (p<0,01; p<0,05 respectively). These results suggest a neuromodulatory role for A5 region via glutamate neurotransmission of the dlPAG-evoked cardiorespiratory response, confirming the role of the ventrolateral pons in the neuronal circuits involved in respiratory and heart rate control.
Association between tooth loss and frailty among Chinese older adults: The mediating role of dietary diversity
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhao Yuan , Wu Bei , Pei Yaolin , Gu Danan
Published: September 2022

Background
This study aimed to examine the association between tooth loss and frailty among Chinese older adults and the mediating role of dietary diversity in this association.
Methods
Data from five waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2005–2018) were used in this study. Multilevel generalized structural equation models were used to assess the relationship between tooth loss and frailty index, and the mediation effect of dietary diversity.
Results
Severe tooth loss was associated with frailty among Chinese older adults after adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, family support, and healthy lifestyles (OR = 1.495, p < 0.001), indicating that a higher level of tooth loss was associated with more frailty among older Chinese. When dietary diversity was added in the model, the OR of severe tooth loss decreased from 1.495 to 1.470 but remained significant. GSEM verified that 5.4% of the association between tooth loss and frailty was mediated by dietary diversity.
Conclusions
This study improve current knowledge regarding the impact of tooth loss on frailty among Chinese older adults. Future intervention strategies designed to improve healthy diet may have preventive effect against the risk of frailty among Chinese older adults with severe tooth loss.
Long-Term Effects of Radical Institutional Overhauls: Evidence from the Mexican-American War
Authors: Dothan Shai , Kovac Mitja , Spruk Rok
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the impact of radical institutional reforms on long-term development of property rights and on institutions regulating contracting. The paper demonstrates that the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) had a significant effect on the institutional development of Mexico. The war partially removed the legal and economic barriers that protected the old oligarchic elites in Mexico and paved the way for the modernization of legal and commercial codes. The analysis exploits the within-country variation in the presence of US troops during the Mexican-American war across Mexican states and cities. Using propensity score and nearest neighbour matching techniques with orthogonal covariates, the paper presents evidence of the long-term institutional implications of the presence of troops. Troops-controlled areas have less complex business registration procedures, better quality of land administration, broader access to property rights, markedly better quality of the judicial process, and lower costs of enforcing contracts than the areas without troops’ presence. We show that the presence of US troops generated a positive and radical historical shock for institutional development that survived to the present day and made the return to the previous status quo nearly impossible. The positive effects of troops’ presence are robust to a variety of specification checks and are particularly large for smaller cities.
JEL Classification: C31, D74, N16, N46,
Applications of Tissue Nano-Transfection Technology (TNT): a systematic review
Authors: Hagar Eman , Hagar Ahmed Hassan , Hagar Dina Hassan , Hagar Walaa Hassan
Published: September 2022

Aim

The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of recent advances in applications of Tissue Nano-transfection and to assess its applicability in the treatment of various diseases.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in 2 electronic databases (PubMed and Science direct). The research findings were incorporated from inception. Initial screening was performed to select articles for review based on title and abstract. The full texts of selected articles were then evaluated, and relevant articles were chosen to be included in this review.

Results

29 articles were identified during the literature search. There are 16 From Science Direct and 13 in PubMed. This review included 8 research articles.

Conclusion

TNT advancement has made a positive impact on the future of treatment of certain diseases by providing one-touch and in-site treatments. There is a need to scale up TNT experiments on animals and humans, as well as testing this approach on a broader range of diseases. Although tissue Nano-transfection technology is still in its early stages, it has already proven to be a highly promising approach in the field of regenerative medicine.
Comparative study on influenza time series prediction models in a megacity from 2010 to 2019: Based on SARIMA and deep learning hybrid prediction model
Authors: Yang Jin , Yang Liuyang , Li Gang , Du Jing , Ma Libing , Zhang Ting , Zhang Xingxing , Yang Jiao , Feng Luzhao , Yang Weizhong , Wang Chen
Published: September 2022

Background: It is very important to establish more accurate influenza prediction models in megacities. The purpose of this study was to compare the different time series prediction models for influenza from 2010 to 2019 in Beijing, China.
Methods: We took the influenza-like illness rate (ILI%), the influenza positive rate and the product of ILI% and influenza positive rate as dependent variables respectively. Subsequently, and model performances of summer point, peak bottom point and peak rising point were analyzed. After selecting the best prediction point, we compared the model performances of different parameters at that point using the SARIMA model. Then, the best model selected by SARIMA was compared with the hybrid LSTM model.
Results: Between the 26th week of 2010 and the 25th week of 2019, there were 6,753,116(1.24%) ILI patients, 15,883(16.75%) of which were positive for influenza.The trends and the peak times of ILI%, the influenza positive rate and the product of ILI% and influenza positive rate were roughly the same. The SARIMA model of the peak rising point was better than those of the summer point and peak bottom point. The hybrid LSTM model performed better than the selected best SARIMA model in terms of ILI%, influenza positive rate and the product of ILI% and influenza positive rate. Also, the hybrid LSTM model could maintain a good prediction effect from the 1st to the 26th week.. On the contrary, the prediction effect of the SARIMA model decreased significantly with the extension of the prediction period.
Conclusions: Our results suggested that the prediction effect of the hybrid LSTM model was better than the SARIMA model, in terms of ILI%, influenza positive rate and the product of ILI% and influenza positive rate. SARIMA was more suitable for short-term prediction, while the hybrid LSTM model showed obvious advantages in long-term prediction. Our research could help to improve the prediction and early warning of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases.
Diatomite inspired silica aerogel deposited in cork cells for mineralization to promote carbon capture and increase the yield of high value-added products during pyrolysis
Authors: Zhong Yijing , Zhai Wenxiang , Wei Xinli
Published: September 2022

How to achieve a balance between energy conversion and CO2 emission in biomass materials is one of the urgent problems to be solved. Inspired by diatoms, a simple method was used to deposit silica aerogel mineralized layer in cork cells. The thermal decomposition behavior and products of four kinds of corks CS-P (cork ofQuercus suber)、CV-P (cork ofQuercus variabilis B1)、CSS-P (cork ofQuercus suberdeposited with silica aerogels) and CSV-P (cork ofQuercus variabilis B1deposited with silica aerogels)were systematically studied, and the carbon capture of silica aerogel in cork and the production mechanism of high-value products during pyrolysis were deeply studied. Interestingly, this method has dual effects. In the pyrolysis process, the existence of silica aerogel significantly reduces the emissions of CO2 and aldehyde, while the output of aromatic hydrocarbons and other products with added value is significantly increased. This work provides a novel and effective method to convert and manage biological waste resources to achieve environmental sustainability and carbon neutrality.
Impact of standard-dose dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease among diabetes mellitus patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a KSGCT multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kanda Yoshinobu , Kimura Shun-ichi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Miyazaki Takuya , Sakurai Masatoshi , Tanoue Susumu , Kayamori Kensuke , Ohwada Chikako , Yoshimura Kazuki , Nakasone Hideki , Ohashi Takuma , Shono Katsuhiro , Tachibana Takayoshi , Hatano Kaoru , Okada Keigo , Kimura Yuta , Seo Sachiko , Doki Noriko , Tanaka Masatsugu , Hatta Yoshihiro , Takahashi Satoshi
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of standard-dose dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We retrospectively evaluated 207 diabetes mellitus patients undergoing allogeneic HCT between 2010 and 2019. The 100-day cumulative incidences (CI) of grade II–IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) in patients who took DPP-4i from day − 1 to 14, those who did not, and those who discontinued DPP-4i within 10 days after HCT because of difficulty taking the medicine were 33.9%, 32.8%, and 60.0% (P = 0.063), respectively. With regard to chronic GVHD (cGVHD), taking DPP-4i between days 21 and 60 was associated with a trend toward lower incidence of cGVHD (1-year CI: 25.4% vs. 35.6%, P = 0.094). In a multivariate analysis, the administration of DPP-4i between days 21 and 60 was significantly associated with lower incidence of cGVHD (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.96, P = 0.035). It was difficult to interpret the impact of standard-dose DPP-4i on the development of aGVHD since an inability to continue oral medication was significantly associated with higher incidence of aGVHD. On the other hand, taking DPP-4i over days 21–60 may suppress the development of cGVHD.
Risk Characterization Model & Visualization System in Aluminum Production
Authors: Chen Youlong , Zhang Yankai , Sun Zhenming , Hou Yunbing , Gao Dong , Li Jun
Published: September 2022

The electrolytic aluminum operation accidents have caused great losses to the country and people. Therefore, taking two typical accidents of explosion and leakage in electrolytic aluminum production as the research object, the form of accident risk characterization was explored and a risk characterization visualization system was designed. Based on the methods of risk assessment and characterization, the likelihood and the consequence of the accident were studied. The influencing factors of likelihood and a kind of Euclidean distance formula were used to characterize the likelihood. The consequence portion was characterized by two components, with one being the failure degree determined by the accident and the other being the exposure degree of people and equipment. The intensity of event was used to characterize the failure degree and the spatial search model was used to characterize the exposure degree. Finally, the visual system of electrolytic aluminum operation accidents was established that based on the risk characterization model.
Development of a Reusable CaO/Fe3O4 Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Aleman-Ramirez J.L. , Reyes-Vallejo O. , Okoye Patrick U. , Sanchez-Albores R. , Maldonado-Álvarez A. , Sebastian Pathiyamattom J.
Published: September 2022

Predominantly CaO derived from eggshell was mixed with Fe3O4 by ball milling for 3 hours (h) followed by annealing at different temperatures (200-1000 oC) for 2 h to produce a magnetic catalyst. The catalyst was deployed to synthesis biodiesel via transesterification reaction. The catalysts characterization result from the X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis revealed that the increasing annealing temperature facilitated the oxidation of Fe3O4 to maghemite (Fe2O3) phase. Also, increasing temperature lead to a decrease in the catalyst surface area due to the increasing ridgity and loss of pores. Under optimal conditions of 65 oC, methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, 4 wt.% catalyst loading, 95.5% biodiesel yield can be achieved under 120 min reaction time. The catalyst could be reused for seven times with minimal loss in catalytic activity. The synthesized biodiesel satisfactorily complied with the international standards of ASTM-D-6751 and EN-14214.
Semantic malware classification using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Martins Eliel , Santana Ricardo , Higuera Javier Bermejo , Higuera Juan Ramón Bermejo , Montalvo Juan Antonio Sicilia
Published: September 2022

This paper addresses malware classification into families using static analysis and a convolutional neural network through raw bytes. Previous research indicates that machine learning is an interesting approach to malware classification. The neural network used was based on the proposed Malconv, a convolutional neural network used for malware classification by training the network with the whole binary. Minor modifications were made to get better results and apply them to a multi-classification problem. Four models were trained with data extracted from Portable Executable malware samples labeled into nine families.These data were extracted in two ways: according to the semantic variation of bytes and using the entire file. The trained models were used for testing to check generality. The results from these four proposed models were compared and analyzed against models trained according to similar research. We concluded that the header is the most important part of a PE for malware identification purposes.
The Dilemma Of Feeding During The Treatment Of Patent Ductus Arteriosus With Oral Ibuprofen In Preterm Infants ≤ 30 Weeks Of Gestation- A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Kaur Samandeep , Manerkar Swati , MONDKAR JAYASHREE , Kalamdani Pavan , Patra Saikat , Kalathingal Thaslima
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of minimal enteral feeding (MEN) versus withholding feeding on time to reach full feeds during treatment of hs-PDA with oral ibuprofen in infants ≤30 weeks.

Study Design: We performed a single-center, randomized control trial of 126 premature infants born ≤30 weeks gestation , <7 days of age with hs-PDA comparing continuation of MEN(n= 64) vs no feeding(n=62) during treatment. The primary outcome was time to reach a feed volume of 150ml/kg/day. Secondary outcomes included were episodes of feed intolerance, GI bleed, NEC and other comorbidities.

Results: There was no difference in the time to reach full feeds with a median age of 16 days in both groups(p=0.573). Incidence of feed intolerance, NEC and other secondary outcomes was also similar in two groups.

Conclusions: Continuing MEN during treatment of hs-PDA with oral ibuprofen does not increase gastrointestinal morbidities in very preterm infants.
Regression independent of non-cavitated caries lesion depth in a retrospective study of the biomimetic P 11 -4 self-assembling peptide in school children
Authors: Godenzi Denisa , Bommer Claudine , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , Keeper Jeremy Horst , Peters Kerstin
Published: September 2022

Self-assembling peptide (SAP) P11-4 was introduced to treat initial caries lesions by guiding hydroxyapatite regeneration within the lesion. The objective was to assess the effectiveness in a practical clinical setting. Caries lesions in permanent teeth treated with monomeric and polymeric SAP P11-4 between May 2015 and October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed at the lesion and child levels by bitewing radiography for changes in lesion stage, opacity, and cavitation/restoration. 225 children aged 10–19 years with a total of 413 proximal lesions in posterior teeth, were followed for 0.4–5.5 years (mean (standard deviation): 13 (7) months). Regression occurred in 39% of E1, 37% of E2, and 40% of D1 caries lesions. The proportion of lesions surviving after one year was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98), and after two years, it was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88–0.94). SAP P11-4 is a safe, biomimetic treatment for initial caries lesions in permanent teeth that remineralizes in the deepest zone of a caries lesion and can easily be introduced into routine dental practice. Present real-world clinical data complement and confirm previously published clinical trials, demonstrating that SAP P11-4 is tooth-preserving and can lead to recovery to a healthy tooth stage.
Real-time reaction monitoring of Azide-Alkyne cycloadditions us-ing benchtop NMR-based Signal Amplification by Reversible Ex-change (SABRE)
Authors: Jeong Hye Jin , Min Sein , Baek Juhee , Kim Jisu , Chung Jean , Jeong Keunhong
Published: September 2022

Rufinamide is new antiepileptic drugs (AED), relatively well absorbed in the lower dose range, and is currently being used in antiepileptic medications, as well as containing a triazole structure. Triazoles are heterocycles containing three nitrogen atoms in a five-membered aromatic ring. Triazole derivatives can interact with various enzymes and receptors in biological systems via diverse non-covalent interactions, thus inducing versatile biological effects. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is a significant method for obtaining triazoles, even under physiological conditions, in the absence of a copper catalyst. To confirm the progress of chemical reactions under biological conditions, research on reaction monitoring at low concentrations is essential. This promising strategy is gaining acceptance for applications in fields like drug development and nanoscience. We investigated the optimum Ir-catalyst and magnetic field for achieving maximum proton hyperpolarization transfer in triazole derivatives. These reactions were analyzed using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to overcome the limitations of low sensitivity in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, when monitoring copper-free click reactions in real time. Finally, a more versatile copper-catalyzed click reaction was monitored in real time, using a 60-MHz benchtop NMR system, in order to analyze the reaction mechanism.
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Menin Expression in High Grade Cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Lairmore Terry C. , Abdulsattar Jehan , Benedetti Arrigo , Shi Runhua , Huang Shile , Khalil Md Imtiaz , Witt Stephan N.
Published: September 2022

Background: MEN1, which codes for the protein menin, is a tumor suppressor in neuroendocrine tissue. In cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines the overexpression of menin decreased proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in vitro and in xenografts, but its expression in CCA tumor tissue samples is not established.
Objective: Determine whether the expression of menin correlates with disease progression in patient samples of CCA in a tissue microarray (TMA) by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.
Results: IHC analysis of 97 biopsies revealed that low-grade tumors (Grade I) exhibited intense, diffuse, finely granular nuclear menin immunoreactivity with a pronounced linear perinuclear pattern (mean IHC score = 2.0), whereas high-grade tumors (Grade III) mostly lacked such staining (mean IHC score = 0.3). Collectively, there was a significant inverse association between tumor grade and menin staining (P = 0.0005). We also found a significant association between fibrosis status and menin staining, in that, 80.9% of patients without fibrosis had no menin staining, whereas 92.6% patients with fibrosis exhibited menin staining (P < 0.0001). No association was found between fibrosis status and grade. Overall, menin expression is inversely associated with tumor grade and positively associated with fibrosis status.
Solutions of 1D Hyperbolic Quasi-linear Partial Differential Equations by Variational Iteration Method
Authors: Sahu Subrata Kumar , Derke Simon , Duressa Abraham
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we have constructed one dimensional (1D) hyperbolic quasi-linear partial differential equations (HQLPDE) considering three cases. In the first two cases, we have considered the Cauchy data in the form of exponential curve. The initial value problem (IVP) is mentioned as sin x in the third case. All the three cases are associated with time. We have obtained the solutions by using variational iteration method (VIM). We found that the solutions represent flat surface during the initial stage. Further we found exponential surface in the 1st two cases where as the third case yield curved surface with respect to distance and time.
Mathematics subject classification: 35Lxx, 35L04
Alignment-free microbiome-based classification of fresh produce safety and quality
Authors: Liao Chao , Wang Luxin , Quon Gerald
Published: September 2022

Background: While next generation sequencing has enriched our knowledge about native microbial populations present in fresh produce, the loss of up to 50-70% of data during the alignment and denoising steps of data preprocessing may lead to the missing of important bacterial species information and decrease our ability to identify species associated with poor produce quality and contamination. Microbial studies are also often limited by small sample sizes, making generalization of results beyond individual studies difficult.
Results: In this study, we explored separate strategies to mitigate the challenges of data preprocessing and small sample sizes. First, we explored an alignment-free analysis strategy using k-mer hashes to identify DNA signatures predictive of produce safety (contaminated vs. non-contaminated) and produce quality (good-quality vs. decreasing-quality), and compared it against the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) strategy that uses a typical alignment and denoising step. Random forests (RF)-based classifiers were trained on publicly available fresh produce microbiome datasets with data preprocessed using either the k-mer hash or ASV approach. RF-based classifiers for fresh produce safety and quality using 7-mer hash datasets had significantly higher classification accuracy than those using the ASV datasets, supporting the hypothesis that data preprocessing strategies that keep more data (k-mer hash) retain more useful information about bacterial species than approaches that lose data during preprocessing (ASV). We also demonstrated that integrating multiple datasets together also led to higher classification accuracy compared to those trained with individual datasets. Integrated datasets also enabled the identification of more consistent and generalizable biomarkers (ASV, 7-mer hash, or bacterial taxa) associated with fresh produce safety and quality.
Conclusions:The proposed combination of integrating multiple datasets and leveraging an alignment-free 7-mer hash strategy substantially mitigates the loss of sequencing data due to the ASV denoising step and leads to better classification performance for fresh produce safety and quality. Results generated from this study lay the foundation for future studies that wish and need to incorporate and/or compare different microbiome sequencing datasets (generated from different studies or different laboratories) for the application of machine learning in the area of microbial safety and quality of food.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using varying Pulsed Laser Ablation Energies in Liquid
Authors: Flemban Tahani H.
Published: September 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) find widespread applications in detectors, catalysis, optoelectronics, and medical devices, owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio and zero-dimensional confinement. Herein, ZnO NPs of different sizes were prepared via the pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) method under energies of 70, 90, and 130 mJ. The morphology and structural properties of the synthesized NPs were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. With an increase in the pulsed laser energy, the size of the NPs decreased, resulting in a blue shift in the band gaps measured from the UV-vis absorption spectra.
CLUSTER STRATEGY AS A PUBLIC POLICY OPTION FOR AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MEXICO: THE CASE FOR TILAPIA
Authors: Hernandez-Arzaba Juan Cristobal , Failler Pierre , Asiain-Hoyos Alberto , Platas-Rosado Diego Esteban , Forse Andy , Drakeford Benjamin M.
Published: September 2022

The objective of this paper was to demonstrate that the promotion of aquaculture clusters as a policy option for developing tilapia aquaculture in Mexico, resulting from glocal externalities as competitive advantages to the global market, is necessary to develop further the sector.
The farmed tilapia clusters were described using data from the Veracruz Aquaculture Census 2010. We then utilise three theories. Firstly, we focus on North (1955) and Krugman (1995) and find that Economic geography and localisation verified that conglomeration is a function of natural resources and population zones. Secondly, we investigate the Porter value system. Cluster competitive advantage was identified in water availability and water access, electric supply coverage, product presentation and the local market. Thirdly, we apply the Altenburg and Meyer-Stamer (1999) model to identify cluster type, which classifies typology based on natural resource access and the inputs and technologies commercial balance. The Veracruz Tilapia Cluster diagnostic showed an incipient development with remarked opportunity areas, where efforts should be directed, supported by a cluster strategy. However, Mexico and the Port city of Veracruz should diversify their economy. We conclude that adopting a cluster strategy for aquaculture is necessary in Mexico to both increase global competitiveness and to supply the local market.
On MDS Codes With Galois Hulls of Arbitrary Dimensions
Authors: Li Yang , Zhu Shixin , Li Ping
Published: September 2022

The Galois hulls of linear codes are a generalization of the Euclidean and Hermitian hulls of linear codes. In this paper, we study the Galois hulls of (extended) GRS codes and present several new constructions of MDS codes with Galois hulls of arbitrary dimensions via (extended) GRS codes. Two general methods of constructing MDS codes with Galois hulls of arbitrary dimensions by Hermitian or general Galois self-orthogonal (extended) GRS codes are given. Using these methods, some MDS codes with larger dimensions and Galois hulls of arbitrary dimensions can be obtained and relatively strict conditions can also lead to many new classes of MDS codes with Galois hulls of arbitrary dimensions.
2010 MSC: 12E20, 81p70
Single position with 4-hole laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy for left renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lou Yuqing , Liu Wuyao , Liu Yuepeng , Zhu Meng , Wang Xiaolu , Gu Junfei
Published: September 2022

Background
Venous tumor thrombus is one of the clinical features of progressive kidney cancer, causing a low 5-year survival rate. The current best treatment method is still complete resection of renal and venous tumor thrombus through surgery, which can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. The mainstream surgical methods include open surgery and minimally invasive surgery, but most of them require intraoperative position change to achieve the purpose of complete resection of venous tumor thrombus.
Case presentation
A 54-year-old woman was found to have a left kidney tumor by accident. Further examination showed that the left renal vein was invaded, and the inferior vena cava had not invaded. The patient had no clinical symptoms, and no obvious abdominal mass was found on physical examination. The surgery was performed using a single position, 4-hole transabdominal laparoscopic technique. The patient recovered well after the operation and was discharged from the hospital 4 days later. The postoperative pathology was: clear cell carcinoma grade III with hemorrhagic necrosis. We prescribed oral sorafenib mesylate tablets 400mg/day after discharge. After 6 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence or metastasis, and the patient recovered well.
Conclusion
Single position with 4-hole laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy is safe and feasible for low-grade venous tumor thrombus. It has the advantages of simple operation steps, less trauma, quick postoperative recovery, fewer complications, worthing clinical application, and promotion.
Benchmarks for Pirá 2.0, a Reading Comprehension Dataset on the ocean, the Brazilian coast, and climate change
Authors: Pirozelli Paulo , M. José Marcos , Igor Silveira , Flávio Nakasato , M. Peres Sarajane , F. Brandão Anarosa A. , R. Costa Anna H. , G. Cozman Fabio
Published: September 2022

Pirá is a recently developed reading comprehension dataset focused on the ocean, the Brazilian coast, and climate change. No detailed set of baselines has been built with this dataset yet, something that certainly hinders its use by researchers. In this paper, we define five benchmarks over the Pirá dataset, covering machine reading comprehension, information retrieval, open question answering, answer triggering, and multiple choice question answering. As part of this effort, we have produced a curated version of the original dataset, where we fixed a number of grammar issues, repetitions and other shortcomings. Furthermore, the dataset, now called Pirá 2.0, has been extended in several new directions, so as to face the aforementioned benchmark tasks: translation of supporting texts into Portuguese, classification labels on answerability, multiple choice candidates, and automatic paraphrases of questions and answers. The results described in this paper provide a reference point for researchers working with Pirá 2.0. Our results show that Pirá 2.0 is indeed a very challenging dataset, particularly useful for testing the ability of current machine learning models in acquiring expert scientific knowledge.