bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic Acid-assisted Liquid-phase Growth of Au@Pd Core–Shell Nanoparticles with High Catalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Huiping , Lu Zhong , Chen Fengxi , Chen Rong
Published: October 2015

Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via sequential reduction of Au(III) and Pd(II) ions with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) at room temperature. Their size and morphology could be changed by varying the BES concentration and pH value of the reaction system. The Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity for various Suzuki reactions than monometallic Pd or Au nanoparticles. The size-dependent catalytic activity was also observed, i.e., the Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles of <10 nm showed higher activity.
Push–Pull Bacteriochlorin: Panchromatic Sensitizer for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Tsuji Yukihiro , Fujimori Yamato , Sugiura Kenichi , Ito Seigo , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: October 2015

A chemically stable push–pull bacteriochlorin has been synthesized for the first time as a panchromatic sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSC based on the bacteriochlorin sensitizer demonstrated the photocurrent generation beyond the wavelength of 800 nm, whereas a power conversion efficiency of the DSSC was found to be 2.7%.
Inverse pH-response of Temperature-sensitive Copolymers by Combination with Porous CaCO3 Framework
Authors: Tamagawa Hitoshi , Kageyama Hiroyuki , Oaki Yuya , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko , Imai Hiroaki
Published: October 2015

The pH response of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)/N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPM) copolymers was switched by combination with porous CaCO3 microbeads. Although LCST of the simple copolymer hydrogels increases with decreasing pH, the critical value of the copolymers trapped in the porous framework decreases with the pH drop. The inversion of the pH response is ascribed to change of the effect of DMAPM by the presence of an ionic inorganic surface.
Intellectual Capital and Technological Innovation: The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Learning
Authors: Zhang Hui-Ying , Lv Shuang
Published: October 2015

This paper analyzes the influence of intellectual capital on firms’ technological innovation, and the intermediary effect of supply chain learning in the relationship between different dimensions of intellectual capital and technological innovation. Using a questionnaire to survey 167 Chinese high and medium-high technological manufacturing firms, our research provides a new insight with interesting results. (1) Among the four dimensions of intellectual capital, only two dimensions, internal social capital and external social capital, exert positive effect on technological innovation; (2) Among the two dimensions of supply chain learning, learning from both suppliers and customers exerts a significant effect on technological innovation, and learning from the customer has a more significant effect; (3) A complete intermediary effect occurs from supply chain learning in the relationship among human capital, structural capital and technological innovation, while an incomplete intermediary effect occurs from supply chain learning in the relationship among external social capital, internal social capital, and technological innovation.
Price dynamics in the system of interconnected structural units of the enterprise
Authors: Лапшина  , Lapshina Marina , Меерсон  , Meerson Vera , Лапшин  , Lapshin D.
Published: October 2015

The model of interaction of a large number of business units associated with mutual supply, in continuous production process, determine the significance of the model parameters and found them bifurcation values that determine the time of the tendency to unlimited growth in product prices, the dynamics of economic indicators in enterprises under different conditions of their work
Simulation of emergency situations in hydraulic systems
Authors: Мезенцев  , Mezentsev A. , Сазонова  , Sazonova Svetlana
Published: October 2015

The technology of information support of the hydraulic component reliability models based on computational experiment. The results of simulations of hydraulic systems based on the criterion of dependence. The forecast loss of capacity based only on the data analysis of the flow distribution in the undisturbed state
Influence of temperature, shrinkage and water on the wood composite material structure
Authors: Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara
Published: October 2015

The influence of such factors as temperature, shrinkage and water in the wood filler, and, in general, on the wood composite material, are very serious reasons, the negative impact on the solidity of the structure of the object. This article presents the results of research on the project, to win the competition awards the Youth Government of the Voronezh region, with the support of youth programs and projects.
The dependence of the strength characteristics of the type of wood glue
Authors: Струцкая  , Strutskaya M. , Гусев  , Gusev V. , Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara
Published: October 2015

Determination of tensile strength of laminated wood, depending on the adhesive used, the type of wood and its electromagnetic field treatment.
Ford Uses Analytics to Help Fleet Customers Buy More Sustainable Vehicles
Authors: Reich Daniel , Winkler Sandra L. , Klampfl Erica , Olson Natalie
Published: October 2015

We developed an innovative technology that uses analytics to promote sustainability as a central purchase consideration for organizations with large fleets of vehicles. Working with Ford’s fleet customers over the past several years, we witnessed their strong and increasing desire to adopt greener vehicle technologies, and their unmet need to financially justify the higher initial investment costs associated with adopting those more fuel-efficient technologies. We responded by developing the Ford Fleet Purchase Planner™—a set of tools that begin with simple calculators and gradually transition to highly precise full-fleet optimization tools. These tools enable fleet customers to invest strategically in greener vehicles.
Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineral contents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran
Authors: KHODADADI SEDIGHEH , NEJADSATTARI TAHER , NAQINEZHAD ALIREZA , EBRAHIMZADEH MOHAMMAD ALI
Published: October 2015

Khodadadi S, Nejadsattari T, Naqinezhad A, Ebrahimzadeh MA. 2015. Diversity in antioxidant properties and mineralcontents of Allium paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran. Biodiversitas 16: 281-287. The knowledge about variation ofantioxidant properties from local medicinal plant can be achieved by investigating all natural habitats of it. To reach this goal, acomprehensive survey on eight populations of Allium paradoxum (M. B.) G. Don, was conducted in the Hyrcanian forests. A.paradoxum (Amaryllidaceae) is a perennial, local plant, native to the northern Iran. Different parts of it, is largely used in foodpreparation and traditional medicine. Plants were collected randomly from different altitudes and forest sites of Iranian northernprovinces ranging from west to east (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces). Samples were divided into aerial and bulbous parts.The antioxidant activities of the extracts were investigated with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays.Total flavonoid content was determined by a colorimetric aluminum chloride method. The highest antioxidant activities and flavonoidcontents in A. paradoxum were related to Varaki and Zarinabad sites (Mazandaran province) with relatively higher humidity, in thecentral part of the Hyrcanian area and in altitudinal range between 462-860 m asl. The content of total phenolics in the extracts wasdetermined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). With respect to totalphenolic contents, aerial parts of plants of Jahannama, the lowest elevation site (Golestan province), had the highest amount. Elementalcomposition (Fe++, Mn++) and total sulphur were also determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and digestion method,respectively. Higher contents of two elements, particularly Fe, and total sulphur can be found in bulbous part of Zarinabad and Kiasarpopulations (Mazandaran province) compared to other sites. The results of the current study indicated that there is a remarkable andsignificant variation of antioxidant activities among different studied populations of A. paradoxum in the Hyrcanian forests.
Christianity's Forgetting
Authors: Sîan Melvill Hawthorne
Published: October 2015

This essay addresses how the long process of the “Aryanisation” of Christian Europe in which it forgot its own provenance is conveyed in the history of the family tree. It traces the image of the family tree as it was extracted from the realm of Hebrew biblical narrative, became the means of representing Indo-European linguistic differentiation and then, finally, Aryan racial superiority and separation from the (conjured) figure of the Semite. The family tree exemplifies a more generalisable pattern of the forgetfulness of Christianity's debts to other modalities, ontologies, and narratives in the quest to establish itself as pure, singular, monolingual, and monochrome. The Tree of Jesse serves as a particular and important example of the patrilineal and fraternal affiliations and disaffiliations in the trajectory of the genealogy of the family tree, motivated by desires to support claims to pedigree and patrimony, reversed from a model of descent to one of ascent with the European “Aryans.”
Fawlty Logic: The Cracks in Cameron's 2011 Munich Speech
Authors: Brian Klug
Published: October 2015

In a high-profile speech at the 47th Munich Security Conference in February 2011, David Cameron indicted “the doctrine of state multiculturalism,” advocating instead a policy of “muscular liberalism.” The Munich Security Conference is an annual event at which heads of state, military and security experts, diplomats, and senior politicians from over seventy countries gather to discuss international policy on security. On the face of it, this is an unlikely venue for a UK prime minister to set out his stall on cultural diversity at home. But there is a thread running through his speech that ties together security policy and social policy. This article outlines the speech, analysing and discussing its logic and rhetoric. It seeks to unpack the subtext regarding Islam and Muslims in Britain today and to characterize Cameron's “voice.” Ultimately, the article argues that the speech evinces an almost unbearable sense of insecurity in a changing world, a world that is spinning out of control of the West, leaving the West unsure of itself and Britain unsure of its place.
Muhammad Iqbal on Muslim Orthodoxy and Transgression: A Response to Nehru
Authors: Teena Purohit
Published: October 2015

In 1934, Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) wrote “Qadianis and Orthodox Muslims” in which he made the case that Ahmadis ought to declare themselves a separate community from Indian Muslims. One year later, Nehru responded to Iqbal through a series of pieces in the Modern Review of Calcutta, calling into question Iqbal's presuppositions about religion. Iqbal thereafter responded with “Islam and Ahmadism” in 1935, in which he formulated an extensive position about religious orthodoxy and to which the denouncement of Ahmadis as heretics of Islam was central. This essay explores Iqbal's positions on Muslim unity, religious orthodoxy, and the question of Muslim leadership. In particular, it focuses on how minority Muslim communities (Ahmadis and Ismailis) are fundamental to the arguments through which Iqbal defends his position on religious orthodoxy.
The square variation of rearranged Fourier series
Authors: Lewko Allison , Lewko Mark
Published: October 2015

We prove that there exists a rearrangement of the first $N$ elements of the trigonometric system such that the $L^2$-norm of the square variation operator is at most $O_{\epsilon}(\log^{9/22+\epsilon}(N))$. This is an improvement over $O(\log^{1/2}(N))$ from the canonical ordering.
Asymptotics of radiation fields in asymptotically Minkowski space
Authors: Baskin Dean , Vasy András , Wunsch Jared
Published: October 2015

We consider a non-trapping $n$-dimensional Lorentzian manifold endowed with an end structure modeled on the radial compactification of Minkowski space. We find a full asymptotic expansion for tempered forward solutions of the wave equation in all asymptotic regimes. The rates of decay seen in the asymptotic expansion are related to the resonances of a natural asymptotically hyperbolic problem on the ``northern cap'' of the compactification. For small perturbations of Minkowski space that fit into our framework, our asymptotic expansions yield a rate of decay that improves on the Klainerman-Sobolev estimates.
On the c ∞ version of the reflection principle for mappings between CR manifolds
Authors: Berhanu S. , Xiao Ming
Published: October 2015

We prove a smooth version of the classical Schwarz reflection principle for CR mappings between an abstract CR manifold $M$ and a generic CR manifold embedded in euclidean complex space. As a consequence of our results, we settle a conjecture of X. Huang formulated in 1994.
Geodesics in the space of Kähler cone metrics, I
Authors: Calamai Simone , Zheng Kai
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we study the Dirichlet problem of the geodesic equation in
the space of K\"ahler cone metrics ${\cal H}_{\cal B}$; that is equivalent
to a homogeneous complex Monge-Amp\`ere equation whose boundary values
consist of K\"ahler metrics with cone singularities. Our approach concerns
the generalization of the function space defined by Donaldson to the case
of K\"ahler manifolds with boundary; moreover we introduce a subspace
${\cal H}_C$ of ${\cal H}_{\cal B}$ which we define by prescribing
appropriate geometric conditions. Our main result is the existence,
uniqueness and regularity of $C^{1,1}_{\cal B}$ geodesics whose boundary
values lie in ${\cal H}_C$. Moreover, we prove that such geodesic is the
limit of a sequence of $C^{2, \alpha}_{\cal B}$ approximate geodesics
under the $C^{1,1}_{\cal B}$-norm. As a geometric application, we prove
the metric space structure of ${\cal H}_C$.
Almost Kähler Forms on Rational 4-Manifolds
Authors: Li Tian-Jun , Zhang Weiyi
Published: October 2015

We study Nakai-Moishezon type question and Donaldson's ``tamed to compatible" question for almost complex structures on rational four manifolds. By extending Taubes' subvarieties-current-form technique to $J$-nef genus $0$ classes, we give affirmative answers of these two questions for all tamed almost complex structures on $S^2$ bundles over $S^2$ as well as for many geometrically interesting tamed almost complex structures on other rational four manifolds, including the del Pezzo ones.
Raze the Carceral State
Authors: Gottschalk Marie
Published: October 2015

We need to resist the belief that the only way to raze the carceral state is to tackle the root causes of crime—massive unemployment, massive poverty, and high levels of social, political, and economic inequality. The U.S. penal system is the result of policies that can be dismantled in several years even if these structural determinants of crime persist. As a panel of experts from the National Academy of Sciences recently concluded, changes in public policies, not rising crimes rates, were the main engines of the decades-long spike in the incarceration rate.
Toward a Post-Zionist Left
Authors: Leifer Joshua
Published: October 2015

Liberal Zionists position themselves as a third way between the two poles of right-wing religious Zionism and left-wing anti-Zionism, and as the most vocal supporters of the two-state solution. However, in the years since Yitzhak Rabin’s murder, and especially since the collapse of the Oslo Accords and the Second Intifada, the two-state solution increasingly appears dead beyond resurrection. The numbers of settlers and settlements continue to grow; there are now more than half a million Jewish settlers living over the Green Line. The Israeli public is more right-wing than it has ever been, and so is its government.
The Class Politics of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Ransby Barbara
Published: October 2015

While the concerns raised by the Black Lives Matter movement reflect the experiences of most black Americans, they also extend beyond these communities. It is imperative that all progressive and left forces pay careful and respectful attention to this growing movement and its bold confrontation with state power. Its message is, in part, that there can be no real economic justice without racial justice.
Reproductive Justice, Not Just Rights
Authors: Roberts Dorothy
Published: October 2015

For too long, the rhetoric of “choice” has privileged predominantly white middle-class women who have the ability to choose from reproductive options that are unavailable to poor and low-income women, especially women of color. The mainstream movement for reproductive rights has narrowed its concerns to advocate almost exclusively for the legal right to abortion, further distancing its agenda from the interests of women who have been targets of sterilization abuse because of the devaluation of their right to bear children.
Why We Argue
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: October 2015

When American leftists disagree with one another, good things can happen. Democratic socialists exposed the lies and brutalities of Stalinists; feminists called out the hypocrisy of radical men who thought only they were born to be leaders; black unionists compelled the labor movement to support civil rights; gay and lesbian activists made homophobes who feared “alienating the working class” look foolish. By arguing, they honed their ideas and learned how to convince others to share them. Of course, good arguments can also descend into sectarian, egotistical squabbles. But a left that doesn’t relish arguing with itself is a left that’s not prepared to change the world. No progress occurs without contention.
Civil Liberties and Endless War
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: October 2015

Civil libertarianism was not written into America’s national code. Rather, it has been a strategy of progressives. It often works by denying that it is a strategy, and by claiming merely to serve America’s founding commitments or the incontestable norms of human dignity, without choice or cost. But from time to time, it is worth naming it as a strategy and evaluating how— and what—it is doing.
Not God’s Politics
Authors: Jacoby Susan
Published: October 2015

In public policy disputes with a moral dimension—that is, every important policy dispute—democracy demands a political consensus that transcends all religions and, inevitably, runs counter to some. Equating morality with religion is one of the great mistakes—and great lies—of those who hate secular government.
After Marriage Equality, What?
Authors: Stewart-Winter Timothy
Published: October 2015

In the sixty-five-year history of LGBT activism in the United States, the present moment stands out: at no other time would a rational observer of American social movements have called our struggle the one most likely to succeed. Gays were pariahs in the baby-boom era, facing harassment wherever we gathered. The leftist bromide of the post–Second World War decades as a golden age of job security simply didn’t apply to gay Americans. What we today call “discrimination” was the normative condition for any gay person before the liberation era—finding or holding down a good job, with some exceptions, intrinsically required carefully concealing one’s homosexuality. While a few laws prohibiting antigay discrimination by employers and landlords were passed in the 1970s and ’80s, they were difficult to enact and easy to repeal.
The Protest Poets
Authors: McCarthy Jesse
Published: October 2015

Outside of poetry circles, few people have heard of the Dark Room Collective or Cave Canem, but over the last thirty years these two communities have nurtured a profound and ongoing transformation in American letters. Sharan Strange and Thomas Sayers Ellis, two black students who met at Harvard, founded Dark Room in 1987. As young fledgling poets they traveled together to New York to attend the funeral of one of their literary heroes, James Baldwin. They were inspired by the extraordinary sense of fellowship at that event and vowed to try and recreate it in their own lives.
Alaska Melting
Authors: Carey Michael
Published: October 2015

Alaska is frequently at the center of national and international climate change discussions. It is the only U.S. state that lies partially in the Arctic, where so much global climate change has been recorded. It is the only state with indigenous people who live in the Arctic and who harvest fish and game from Arctic waters and lands. It is the only state with thousands of square miles of permafrost—permanently frozen dirt mixed with ice under the ground cover that on the arctic coastal plain can extend 2,000 feet below the surface.
A Defense of Civil Libertarianism
Authors: Cole David
Published: October 2015

In the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, two things happened. The United States went to war against Al Qaeda and the Taliban, and the Bush administration chose to wage that war without regard to the laws of war and human rights. Samuel Moyn argues that civil liberties and human rights advocates erred in focusing their critiques on the latter rather than the former, and that by doing so, legitimized war by cleansing it of its worst excesses. Instead of worrying about civil liberties and human rights abuses, he suggests, the left should condemn endless war.
Why the Left Needs Religion
Authors: Bruenig Elizabeth Stoker
Published: October 2015

As the culture wars of the last several decades unfolded, religion seemed to loom over every aspect of American life. Would public schools host classwide prayers, teach intelligent design, and require daily deference to the American flag? Would television shows deal frankly with sexuality, abortion, and unconventional families? Would Americans find hope and vitality in an increasingly secular, progressive future, or in an idealized Christian past? Today, as the fog of this protracted cultural struggle clears, it appears that religion—specifically Christianity—was itself contested, rather than merely serving as the moral bulwark of one particular side.
Back to Class
Authors: Walzer Michael
Published: October 2015

Given the radical diversity of American society today, is it still possible to imagine large-scale popular insurgencies—like, say, the labor movement of the 1930s? In recent years, the politically significant and effective insurgencies in the United States have all been particularist in character, reflecting the politics of difference: the key examples are the civil rights movement, the feminist movement, and the movement for gay rights. Each of these has been victorious—or, better, each of them has been a partial success, like all our successes. They leave a lot of work still to be done (as the militants of Black Lives Matter can tell us), but, still, we have won important battles on behalf of women and black and gay Americans. And the United States has become, with regard to each of these groups, a more egalitarian society than it once was.
No Cheers For Anarchism
Authors: Berman Sheri
Published: October 2015

What are the uses of anarchism? The short answer is “not many.” Although anarchists have often been motivated by worthy aspirations and occasionally raised awareness of crucial issues, in general, anarchism is an ineffective way of improving the world. Anarchists are better dreamers than doers, and politics is the art of the possible. Although it may disappoint many on the left, a successful movement requires compromise, organization, and yes, even leadership, to actually get things done.
Climate Change on Trial
Authors: Tuhus-Dubrow Rebecca
Published: October 2015

It’s clear that we can’t just sue our way to climate justice. But in the absence of new legislation, the courts will continue to be a vital forum for challenging the fossil fuel industry’s stranglehold on politics. Litigation is one tool among many that activists can use to sway public opinion and hold those in power to account.
What Should Unions Do Now?
Authors: Becker Craig
Published: October 2015

For U.S. labor, this is a moment of great peril but also great potential, unmatched since the New Deal era. The potential lies in the extraordinary attention now focused on working people’s core concerns: flat wages, economic insecurity, rising inequality, and growing corporate influence in both elections and lawmaking. Collective action by workers, led by SEIU through Fight for $15—which began among fast-food workers but has spread widely—has played a key role in forcing these issues to the top of the political agenda. This past May, a New York Times/CBS News survey found that 65 percent of respondents believe that the gap between rich and poor is a problem that needs to be addressed now. Almost three-quarters believe that large corporations have too much influence, double the number who say the same about unions. There is a growing sense of imbalance, but little sense of what might right it.
Breaking the Racial Contract
Authors: Mills Charles W.
Published: October 2015

In recent decades, the debate about race within the American left has been torn between two seemingly conflicting imperatives: veracity and electability. One can be “principled” and tell the truth about American white supremacy and the need to address structural racism in our policies and institutions—and be guaranteed the also-ran slot. Or one can downplay race as an issue—by remaining silent, vaguely deferring it, or making putatively “universalist” public policy promises—and then hope, once elected, to smuggle in a progressive, albeit disguised, racial agenda.
Museum of the Future?
Authors: Mills Nicolaus
Published: October 2015

Until this spring, New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art existed as the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s poor cousin. In any other city, Marcel Breuer’s 1966 Whitney on Madison Avenue (an inverted ziggurat museumgoers entered by crossing a small moat) would have been treated as a rare gem. But in New York, the old Whitney could not compete with the Met, which, in addition to its unparalleled collection, has four blocks on Fifth Avenue all to itself and Central Park behind it.
Republic of Labor
Authors: Stanley Amy Dru
Published: October 2015

Review of From Slavery to the Cooperative Commonwealth by Alex Gourevitch. Gourevitch explores a dissident republican tradition that developed in the century after the American Revolution, amid the contest over chattel slavery and the ascendance of industrial capitalism—a time when freedom was universalized, exslaves became equal citizens under the rule of law, and the wage system of labor prevailed throughout the country. And in this history he discovers a usable past for critics of modern forms of economic domination that erode public life.
Collective Bargaining 3.0
Authors: Smiley Erica
Published: October 2015

The first lesson network leaders learn in the Jobs With Justice training is never give your power away. While easier said in a workshop than in the North Carolina General Assembly, it does compel us to remember how change happens. While we need labor law reform, we should not wait for it to build a movement to expand the scale and scope of collective bargaining. Early industrial unions were bargaining long before the Wagner Act codified the practice, leveraging their ability to halt production when necessary. Only through exercising their power, and even breaking some rules, were they able to win the legal protections to back up workers’ ability to bargain equally with employers.
Why Free College is Necessary
Authors: Cottom Tressie McMillan
Published: October 2015

I do not care if free college won’t solve inequality. As an isolated policy, I know that it won’t. I don’t care that it will likely only benefit the high achievers among the statistically unprivileged—those with above-average test scores, know-how, or financial means compared to their cohort. Despite these problems, today’s debate about free college tuition does something extremely valuable. It reintroduces the concept of public good to higher education discourse—a concept that fifty years of individuation, efficiency fetishes, and a rightward drift in politics have nearly pummeled out of higher education altogether.
An Environmentalism for the Left
Authors: Purdy Jedediah
Published: October 2015

Although modern environmental politics emerged in the radical ferment of the early 1970s, leftists were suspicious from the outset of its easy mainstream appeal and its elite constituency. The same doubts persist today. The venerable Nature Conservancy’s close partnerships with corporations and focus on “ecosystem services” that can be monetized are just one reminder that environmentalism’s institutional mainstream fits comfortably with neoliberalism. Consumerist appeals to eco-consciousness (think of the local-sourcing policies and the prices of anti-union Whole Foods) suggest that environmentalism is about image and market choices. Despite decades of talk about environmental justice, the movement remains disproportionately white, elite, and motivated by romantic attachment to high mountains, old forests, and charismatic animals.
The House That Marx Built
Authors: Kunkel Benjamin
Published: October 2015

The classical and continuing aim of Marxism, you might say, is to coordinate a complete theory of social evolution with a comprehensive politics of revolution: a very tall order. And precisely this systematic or totalizing character of Marxism has imposed a certain fragmentary quality on all political or intellectual activity carried out in its spirit. The impossibility of any single mind, or for that matter any pair of minds, achieving the total perspective required is obvious, and the program first drafted by Marx and Engels—at once a political program and a research program—was bound to remain incomplete, even in outline, during their lifetimes.
Why Leftists Should Also Be Democrats
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: October 2015

1. History: Since the Civil War, movements on the left have won major political victories only when they were able to convince, pressure, and/or force leaders of one of the major parties to take their side on a particular issue. That most abolitionists joined the Republican Party was essential to eliminating slavery and to winning citizenship for black people. Labor unionists signed up nearly 9 million new members between 1933 and 1945 with the aid, tacit and active, of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democrats who controlled the White House, Congress, and several key state governments. Responding to the protests of the black freedom movement, the (mostly) liberal party led by John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson backed the Civil Rights, Voting Rights, and Open Housing laws of the 1960s.
Gutting Public Unions
Authors: Jones William P.
Published: October 2015

Review of Government Against Itself by Daniel DiSalvo. DiSalvo has a tendency to ignore obvious contradictions in his thesis, rely on scholars who share his ideological background while ignoring those who contradict him, and support his argument through theory and speculation more often than empirical data.
Beyond Criminal Justice Reform
Authors: Fortner Michael Javen
Published: October 2015

We’ve entered a new age of reform—criminal justice reform, that is. In late April 2015 Hillary Clinton, in one of the first formal addresses of her presidential campaign, declared, “It’s time to end the era of mass incarceration.” This policy speech on criminal justice reform signaled a personal transformation. In 1994 Clinton applauded as her husband Bill Clinton signed into law the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, a critical episode in the expansion of the prison system. Clinton’s conversion is not unique; she is one of many.
Is a Left Zionism Possible?
Authors: Linfield Susie
Published: October 2015

The very posing of this question is profoundly dispiriting. It shows how bad (that is, not left-wing) the political situation of contemporary Israel is; how radically the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has deteriorated; and how historically ignorant and blindly anti-Israeli today’s American left is. The short answer is: yes, of course. Zionism has been Leninist, socialdemocratic, liberal, secular, pacifist, anti-imperialist, proletarian, even, until this became impossible, binational. It has also been militaristic, authoritarian, bourgeois, racist, religious, messianic, imperialist, and neofascist.
The Not-So-Great Society
Authors: Arnesen Eric
Published: October 2015

Review of The Fierce Urgency of No: Lyndon Johnson, Congress, and the Battle for the Great Society by Julian E. Zelizer. Political historian Julian Zelizer subsumes both subjects into his account of the “battle for the Great Society,” for the accomplishments of the former—at least at the legislative level—were central to Johnson’s vision, and the latter contributed to the conservative revival that eventually stymied it. Zelizer is a fan of what Johnson, Congress, and social movements managed to bring about in a short period of time. As a whole, Great Society programs “constituted nothing short of a dramatic transformation of American government that provided a new foundation of security for all Americans” and, in the process, they “improved the lives of millions of citizens.”
Reclaiming Abortion Rights
Authors: Pollitt Katha
Published: October 2015

How can the reproductive rights movement start to win again? “Start” is the operative word. We’re getting crushed out there. Since 2010, 283 abortion restrictions have been passed in the United States. Women’s access to contraception is under attack, not just from religious employers, now empowered by the Supreme Court’s Hobby Lobby decision, but also in some state legislatures. Abstinence-only sex education continues to receive millions in government funding, even though studies show it doesn’t work. Women who have stillbirths or miscarriages are being arrested for their conduct during pregnancy. As one repro-rights activist wrote on a listserv recently, it’s not even a question of David versus Goliath anymore. It’s David versus the Empire State Building.
Spinning With Obama
Authors: Greenberg David
Published: October 2015

As Americans prepare to turn the page on Barack Obama’s presidency, the rousing 2008 campaign that started it all is taking on a nostalgic glow. None of the contenders vying to succeed Obama has conjured anything like the fervor that he sparked seven years ago; his bolt-from-the-blue crusade seems even more extraordinary now than it did then. At the same time, the elusiveness of the post-partisanship he hoped to cultivate and the persistence of the racial conflict he vowed to transcend have left many supporters wistful or embittered.
The Eye of Paris, the Eye of France: Capital Bodies in Claude Billard’s La mort d’Henri IV
Authors: Rosensweig Anna
Published: October 2015

This article argues that Claude Billard’s historical drama La mort d’Henri IV (1612) positions Henri IV’s power as in part grounded in the materials, geography, and population of the capital city itself. In so doing, the drama puts forth a model of sovereign continuity that rivals the most sanctioned model of its time: the theory of royal blood. Examining the corporeal relationships between Henri IV, Marie de Medici, Louis XIII, and Paris brings into relief how the capital city played a crucial role in securing sovereign power long before it became a site of popular sovereignty during the Revolution.
Speculative Capital: Zola’s Repossession of Paris
Authors: Tanner Jessica
Published: October 2015

Among the most notable spaces in Émile Zola’s La curée (1871-72) is the Saccards’ hothouse, which serves as both an exemplar of Second Empire Paris and a showcase for Zola’s most extravagantly imaginative scenes. This article locates the hothouse as a model for Zola’s bimodal vision of Paris in the Rougon-Macquart , one that incorporates Haussmann’s city but reconfigures it as the grounds for establishing Zola’s own literary empire.
Capitalising on the English Urban Model: The Writings of Miège (1685/1725) and Muralt (1725) and the Pitting of Economic Capital against the “Cultural Capital” of Paris
Authors: Pauncefort Emma
Published: October 2015

This article is concerned with the interplay between commerce and manners in early eighteenth-century Paris. It examines how the esteemed ‘cultural capital’ of Paris came to be challenged by the model of contra-cultural economic capital observed in London. Against a study of Brice’s description of Paris which de-emphasises trade outside ventures of national benefit, it highlights the incremental counter-narrative in the commentaries on London by Miège and Muralt. It traces the development of this counter-narrative from Miège’s account of trade and English prosperity to Muralt’s construction of an imitable urban model through study of the individualist English character and the socio-economic freedoms it secured.
Seriality and Modernity: L’almanach des Mystères de Paris
Authors: Lerner Bettina R.
Published: October 2015

In nineteenth-century France, the série became an increasingly common mode of representation and production. Seriality was central to a wide range of academic disciplines and industrial practices, from natural history, to statistics, to print capitalism. This article examines L’almanach des Mystères de Paris (1844), a satirical reinterpretation of Eugène Sue’s bestselling serial novel, to show how almanacs, a resurgent popular form in the nineteenth century, sought to interrupt and question the logic of seriality.
How Bad Economic Memories are Made: John Law’s System in Les lettres persanes, Manon Lescaut , and “The Great Mirror of Folly”
Authors: Douthwaite Julia V.
Published: October 2015

French literature has received a lot of attention lately from an unexpected public: economists. Whereas Piketty et al. study nineteenth-century novels to identify the wealth people needed to appear distinguished in the 1820s, and note the fears of bankruptcy felt by the have-nots, I argue that such issues need to be contextualized in a broader history of emotion. This chapter focuses on John Law’s ill-fated “System” and shows how it launched a series of opportunities for parodying economists and soothsayers of their ilk. Writers and artists used fiction and caricature to temper the French confidence about money, banks, and credit.
Le spleen de Paris , un Paris pour collectionneur?
Authors: Gouvard Jean-Michel
Published: October 2015

In Le Spleen de Paris (1855-1865), Baudelaire not only paints the capital of France from a scenic point of view, referring to well-known places and typical characters, but also by echoing the voices of many Parisian people. He does so without expressing any judgment about the ideology their discourses convey. In this way, the imaginary Paris of Baudelaire seems to be incoherent and cacophonous, just like the modern capitalist world in which the poet is condemned to live, looking at it like a spectator or a witness, without understanding it. It is this detached attitude that defines Baudelaire’s modernity.
Dazzled, Blinded, and Numb: Commerce, Luxury, and the French Crisis of Corps , 1750–1789
Authors: Bryan Joseph D.
Published: October 2015

One of the defining features of eighteenth-century France was a pervasive anxiety over the possible collapse of the hierarchical and corporate social order. Contemporaries feared that open commerce would abolish the traditional system of corps, and luxury would confuse the symbols that represented an individual’s état . In reaction to Turgot’s “Six Edicts” (1776) and against the celebration of le doux commerce , moralists, political economists, philosophers, and petitioners from Parisian guilds articulated a corporeal critique of economic modernity. They argued that a society driven by commerce and competition would be detrimental not only to the corps politique but, more importantly, to the corps unique of each French subject.
Paris as Capital, Capital in Paris
Authors: Billing Andrew , Cherbuliez Juliette
Published: October 2015

This volume questions the putatively Benjaminian notion that nineteenth-century Paris is the primary locus of modern capitalism. Reflecting on the multiple visions offered by our contributors of the historical complexity of early French capitalist modernity and the connections among politics, money, and culture within Paris as capital city, we propose two modes of thinking its past. The first recognizes features of capitalism and urban modernity appearing in Paris well before the mid-nineteenth century, while the second theorizes how the forces of urban modernity and capital are interwoven within complex temporalities that resist linear periodization.
“Fictitious Capital”: Haussmannization and the (Un-)making of Second-Empire Paris
Authors: Sweeney Niamh
Published: October 2015

This article makes the case for a re-assessment of the emergence of (the) Second-Empire capital, focusing on the temporal implications of the fiscal instruments, such as productive expenditure, controversially deployed during the Transformations, in order to shift focus away from the material, or purely spatial, impact of Haussmannization. Through the modality of fictitious capital, and its implied dependence of futurity following Marx, the temporal nature of the correlation Haussmannization establishes between capital-building and capital generation is explored. Parisian Transformation emerges as a radical re-temporalization by virtue of the movements of abstract forms of capital, for which the city becomes an ephemeral embodiment.
“A Rare and Wonderful Sight”: Secularism and Visual Historiography in Ben-Hur
Authors: Maciak Phillip
Published: October 2015

Late in Lew Wallace’s Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (1880), the narrator addresses his reader to say that the dense passages of historical and geographical detail that characterize the novel were all written, “in anticipation of this hour and this scene; so that he who has read them with attention can now see all Ben-Hur saw of going to the crucifixion—a rare and wonderful sight.” This is the narrative theory of Ben-Hur , and, I argue, an innovative hybrid of historical, theological, and literary perspectives on narrative authority. The effective novelist, like the effective evangelist and the effective historian, enables his reader to see the past. In this essay, I turn to the numerous meta-historiographical passages scattered throughout Wallace’s novel in order to suggest that Ben-Hur is a long argument for a kind of visual historiography, bolstered by archival research but rooted in the transhistorical figure of the eyewitness. Comparing Wallace’s work with that of the historian William Prescott, Holy Land travel writers Edward Robinson and John Lloyd Stephens, as well as Jesus biographer Ernest Renan, I argue that Ben-Hur’s highly visualized narrative provides a unique opportunity to witness the overlap between sacred and secular discourses.
National Graffiti: The Textual Lives of Lewis and Clark
Authors: Coats Lauren
Published: October 2015

Thomas Jefferson’s directions to Meriwether Lewis for the Lewis and Clark expedition commanded that the expedition members produce and preserve thorough written accounts. A wide array of texts resulted from a fervid embrace of Jefferson’s instructions. Focusing on textual forms that have been maligned, sidelined, and ignored – the expedition’s graffiti and the so-called “spurious” editions about the expedition – this essay analyzes the selective authorization of the earliest nineteenth-century Lewis and Clark materials. I argue that the expanded archive shows that the literary production Jefferson imagined would write the Louisiana Territory into the United States introduced a range of textual forms, authorial bodies, and territorial visions that challenges rather than consolidates the nation-building project.
The Faculties of Law: Robert Montgomery Bird’s Sheppard Lee as Legal Fiction
Authors: Jaros Peter
Published: October 2015

This essay situates Robert Montgomery Bird’s Sheppard Lee (1836) amid debates over the law of persons in Jacksonian America. It attends particularly to two crises of personhood central to Pennsylvania’s 1837-38 Constitutional Convention: the legal status of corporations (artificial persons) and the political inclusion or exclusion of African Americans. (Delegates considered but rejected making corporate charters revocable by the legislature; they also disenfranchised black Pennsylvanians by limiting the franchise to “white freemen.”) I argue that Sheppard Lee’s persistent focus on bodies—natural or artificial, legally aggregated or medically dismantled—juxtaposes the legal personhood of corporations with the political personhood and depersonalization of African Americans, and thus explores surprising analogies between issues that were separated in political debate. Lee’s “faculty of reanimating dead bodies,” I contend, looks less like a supernatural fantasy than a legal thought experiment—with consequences Bird himself found difficult to accept.
Introduction: Imaging Technology
Authors: Samuels Shirley
Published: October 2015

This forum, “Technologies of the Visible World,” addresses the technological shifts that made attention to vision a crucial index of both modernity and subjectivity in the nineteenth-century United States. These essays do not overlook, for example, the delicacy of the lyric voice as implicated in the world of vision, but rather ask, once photography has emerged on the page as a means to reproduce sight, what is the format for establishing an intimacy between reader and viewer? Does it depend on language or on sight? Even as the world that might be constituted through questions of visibility in the nineteenth century often privileged whiteness, the pages examined here raise the question of how images reflect readers, as the daguerreotype once reflected the face of the viewer.
Introduction
Authors: Burnham Michelle
Published: October 2015

“The Hemispheric French Atlantic” begins to suture a transatlantic to a hemispheric spatiality by tracing out the movement of texts, figures, and traditions within a complex and kinetic circulatory system that moves beyond the geometric model imagined by studies of the French Atlantic triangle. In tracking the discourses of politics, literature, and anthropology through a hemispheric French Atlantic space complicated by race and slavery, these five literary critical essays focus on the legacies of violence and promise that radiate through time and space from the Haitian revolutionary moment, spiraling across and beyond the long nineteenth century while circling across and around the wider Atlantic world. The forum insists on the inclusion of an extensive and under-studied archive of Francophone texts in our literary histories of the period and field, while also suggesting the need for greater flexibility in constructing the narratives through which we study literature, culture, and politics. They call especially for greater study and interrogation of the role of translation—not just between languages but between geographical locations and political orientations—in the post-revolutionary nineteenth century.