bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Orbital Histories of Magellanic Satellites Using Gaia DR2 Proper Motions
Authors: Patel Ekta , Kallivayalil Nitya , Garavito-Camargo Nicolas , Besla Gurtina , Weisz Daniel R. , van der Marel Roeland P. , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Gómez Facundo A.
Published: April 2020

With the release of Gaia DR2, it is now possible to measure the proper motions (PMs) of the lowest-mass, ultrafaint satellite galaxies in the Milky Way’s (MW) halo for the first time. Many of these faint satellites are posited to have been accreted as satellites of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). Using their six-dimensional phase-space information, we calculate the orbital histories of 13 ultrafaint satellites and five classical dwarf spheroidals in a combined MW+LMC+SMC potential to determine which galaxies are dynamically associated with the MCs. These 18 galaxies are separated into four classes: (i) long-term Magellanic satellites that have been bound to the MCs for at least the last two consecutive orbits around the MCs (Carina 2, Carina 3, Horologium 1, Hydrus 1); (ii) Magellanic satellites that were recently captured by the MCs < 1 Gyr ago (Reticulum 2, Phoenix 2); (iii) MW satellites that have interacted with the MCs (Sculptor 1, Tucana 3, Segue 1); and (iv) MW satellites (Aquarius 2, Canes Venatici 2, Crater 2, Draco 1, Draco 2, Hydra 2, Carina, Fornax, Ursa Minor). Results are reported for a range of MW and LMC masses. Contrary to previous work, we find no dynamical association between Carina, Fornax, and the MCs. Finally, we determine that the addition of the SMC’s gravitational potential affects the longevity of satellites as members of the Magellanic system (long-term versus recently captured), but it does not change the total number of Magellanic satellites.
First Observation of a Type II Solar Radio Burst Transitioning between a Stationary and Drifting State
Authors: Chrysaphi Nicolina , Reid Hamish A. S. , Kontar Eduard P.
Published: April 2020

Standing shocks are believed to be responsible for stationary Type II solar radio bursts, whereas drifting Type II bursts are excited by moving shocks often related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Observations of either stationary or drifting Type II bursts are common, but a transition between the two states has not yet been reported. Here, we present a Type II burst which shows a clear, continuous transition from a stationary to a drifting state, the first observation of its kind. Moreover, band splitting is observed in the stationary parts of the burst, as well as intriguing negative and positive frequency-drift fine structures within the stationary emissions. The relation of the radio emissions to an observed jet and a narrow CME were investigated across multiple wavelengths, and the mechanisms leading to the transitioning Type II burst were determined. We find that a jet eruption generates a streamer-puff CME and that the interplay between the CME-driven shock and the streamer is likely to be responsible for the observed radio emissions.
Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Observations of the Periodic-repeater FRB 180916 during Active Phases
Authors: Tavani M. , Verrecchia F. , Casentini C. , Perri M. , Ursi A. , Pacciani L. , Pittori C. , Bulgarelli A. , Piano G. , Pilia M. , Bernardi G. , Addis A. , Antonelli L. A. , Argan A. , Baroncelli L. , Caraveo P. , Cattaneo P. W. , Chen A. , Costa E. , Persio G. Di , Donnarumma I. , Evangelista Y. , Feroci M. , Ferrari A. , Fioretti V. , Lazzarotto F. , Longo F. , Morselli A. , Paoletti F. , Parmiggiani N. , Trois A. , Vercellone S. , Naldi G. , Pupillo G. , Bianchi G. , Puccetti S.
Published: April 2020

FRB 180916 is a most intriguing source capable of producing repeating fast radio bursts with a periodic 16.3 day temporal pattern. The source is well positioned in a star-forming region in the outskirts of a nearby galaxy at 150 Mpc distance. In this Letter we report on the X-ray and γ-ray observations of FRB 180916 obtained by AGILE and Swift. We focused especially on the recurrent 5 day time intervals of enhanced radio bursting. In particular, we report on the results obtained in the time intervals 2020 February 3–8, 2020 February 25, 2020 March 5–10, and 2020 March 22–28 during a multiwavelength campaign involving high-energy and radio observations of FRB 180916. We also searched for temporal coincidences at millisecond timescales between the 32 known radio bursts of FRB 180916 and X-ray and MeV events detectable by AGILE. We do not detect any simultaneous event or any extended X-ray and γ-ray emission on timescales of hours/days/weeks. Our cumulative X-ray (0.3–10 keV) flux upper limit of 5 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 (obtained during 5 day active intervals from several 1–2 ks integrations) translates into an isotropic luminosity upper limit of L

X,UL ∼ 1.5 × 1041 erg s−1. Deep γ-ray observations above 100 MeV over a many-year timescale provide an average luminosity upper limit one order of magnitude larger. These results provide the so-far most stringent upper limits on high-energy emission from the FRB 180916 source. Our results constrain the dissipation of magnetic energy from a magnetar-like source of radius R

m
, internal magnetic field B

m
, and dissipation timescale τ

d
to satisfy the relation

, where R

m,6 is R

m
in units of 106 cm, B

m,16 is B

m
in units of 1016 G, and τ

d,8 in units of 108 s.
Global social drama of pandemic and recession
Authors: Grigoryev Leonid M.
Published: April 2020

Global drama of pandemic has caused the deep reduction of consumption of wealthy strata, unemployment and isolation. Huge number of people around the Globe is facing the step back to basic needs by Maslow pyramid: physiological needs and security. Adaptation of people to the new situation goes difficult, while somewhat easier for employed in intellectual activities, primarily for university professors. The exit from recession is still far ahead, and it will depend on the certification of territories, and issue of trust for citizens to start going from their regions. Morals, literature, memories of survival will be close to models of those after the big wars.
Geographic boundaries and natural history notes of the microendemic endangered frog Eupsophus migueli Formas, 1977 (Alsodidae) in the Mahuidanche Range, southern Chile
Authors: Cuevas César C. , Sanhueza Rocío
Published: April 2020

Eupsophus migueli is considered a microendemic endangered species inhabiting the temperate Nothofagus forests of the Mahuidanche Range of southern Chile. However, this categorization is based on scarce data about its distribution and natural history. In order to assess these parameters, this article reports new geographic records obtained through intensive fieldwork between 2011 and 2016. Considering this, an updated distribution map for E. migueli is proposed, and new data about natural history traits and habitat use are provided. The information obtained in this study is discussed considering the zoogeographical importance of E. migueli, and confirms the species IUCN conservation status.
A new species of the toothed toad Oreolalax (Anura, Megophryidae) from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Hou Yinmeng , Shi Shengchao , Hu Daming , Deng Yue , Jiang Jianping , Xie Feng , Wang Bin
Published: April 2020

The toad genus Oreolalax is widely distributed in southwest China and northern Vietnam. A new species of the genus is described from Sichuan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences supported the new species as an independent clade clustered into the clade also containing O. nanjiangensis and O. chuanbeiensis. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (SVL 51.2–64.2 mm in males); head broad; tympanum hidden; interorbital region with dark triangular pattern; belly with marbling; male lacking spines on lip margin; spiny patches on chest small with thick sparse spines in male; nuptial spines thick and sparse; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond nostril when leg stretched forward; toe webbing at base.
Surgical Treatment of Midclavicular Fractures in the Elderly: A Comparison of Locking and Nonlocking Plates
Authors: Pai Hsin-Te , Lee Yih-Shiunn , Cheng Chyi-Yin
Published: April 2020

Operative treatment of midclavicular fractures in patients older than 60 years poses an increased risk of fixation failure. Although plating of midclavicular fractures in the elderly is still a popular fixation method, osteopenic bone may result in plate loosening and fixation failure. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of midclavicular fractures in patients older than 60 years who are treated with either a locking compression plate or nonlocking plate.

Sixty-four elderly patients with midclavicular fractures were surgically treated with either a locking compression plate or nonlocking plate, which included dynamic compression plates and reconstruction plates. The locking compression plate group included 29 patients with an average age of 69.1 years. The nonlocking plate group included 35 patients with an average age of 66.3 years. Both groups were similar for age, gender, injury mechanism, fracture patterns, and confounding medical condition (
P
>.5). However, the locking compression plate group had lower complication rates compared to the nonlocking plate group (
P
=.087). In addition, the locking compression plate group had higher rates of return to work and exercise (
P
=.02,
P
=.016, respectively).

If surgery of elderly patients with midclavicular fractures is indicated, internal fixation with a locking compression plate is preferable to a nonlocking plate.
Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis: Outcomes of Combined Anterior and Posterior Pelvis Surgery With Minimum 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Khan Safdar N. , Hofer Mark A. , Gupta Munish C.
Published: April 2020

Combined anterior and posterior surgery is useful for fixed deformity of the lumbar spine. The specific indications for and clinical outcome parameters after combined surgery for patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis have not been well defined.

We retrospectively reviewed 14 consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis treated with combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis with instrumentation to the pelvis. Mean patient age was 65 years (range, 49–88 years) and mean clinical follow-up was 44 months (range, 30–78 months). Mean preoperative sagittal imbalance was 4.6 cm (range, 1.5–15.5 cm), which was maintained to 2.5 cm (range, 0.5–8 cm) at last follow-up. Mean preoperative Cobb angle of the major curve was 46° (range, 20°–67°), which improved to 6° (range, 2°–30°) at last follow-up. The highest total postoperative scores were reported in patients with maximal correction of their curves at last follow-up. Correlation analysis of clinical outcome domains demonstrated that patient satisfaction with surgical management correlated strongly with domains of pain (r=0.86;
P
=.008) and weakly with domains of function (r=0.3;
P
=.02).

Patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis may be effectively treated with combined anterior and posterior surgery with instrumentation to the pelvis. Our results at a minimum of 2-year follow-up indicate that overall clinical outcomes are best in cases with maximal curve correction, and overall patient satisfaction with surgery is correlated with relief from pain.
Postoperative Endophthalmitis Caused by
Candida Parapsilosis
: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Scartozzi Richard , Tom David , Liggett Peter E. , Flynn Harry W.
Published: April 2020

Three consecutive patients with postoperative
Candida parapsilosis
endophthalmitis presented from a single surgeon and surgery center after uncomplicated cataract surgery. All patients were treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), intraocular lens removal, total capsulectomy, and intraoperative injection of intravitreal antifungal agent. Intraoperative cultures of undiluted vitreous and lens capsule were all positive for the fungus. All patients also received oral antifungal agents postoperatively. Two of these patients received several serial intravitreal antifungal injections after PPV. Following these treatments, all infections were resolved and vision outcomes were favorable at last follow-up.
New results for oscillation of fractional partial differential equations with damping term
Authors: Luo Liping , Luo Zhenguo , Zeng Yunhui
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study the oscillatory behavior of solutions of a class of damped fractional partial differential equations subject to Robin and Dirichlet boundary value conditions. By using integral averaging technique and Riccati type transformations, we obtain some new sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions of this kind of fractional differential equations with damping term. Our results essentially enrich the ones in the existing literature. Finally, we also give two specific examples to illustrate our main results.
Activity invertase and amylase in Marandu grass under shading and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Coura Florence Taciana Veriato , Fries Daniela Deitos , Quoos Rodrigo Diego , Teixeira Fábio Andrade , Pires Aureliano José Viera , Figueiredo Abdias José de
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of invertases and amylases in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under various shade and nitrogen fertilization conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (shading levels of 0, 30, 50, and 80% and fertilization with 0 and 100 kg N ha-1). The activity of the enzymes, cytosol-neutral invertase (Inv-N), vacuole acid (Inv-V) and cell-acidic acid (Inv-CW), reducing sugars (RS), and α and β-amylases were evaluated (α = 0.05). The interaction was significant for Inv-N within the leaf. In the first cycle, the highest activity was in fertilized plants with 30, 50, and 80% shading. For Inv-CW in the 1st cycle, the highest activity occurred with 0, 30, and 50% shading. However, the interaction for Inv-V leaf activity was not significant in the 1st and 2nd cycles. The highest activity observed for Inv-V was in the fertilized plants, suggesting that fertilization increased the enzymatic activity. The activity of the invertases increased both under 30-50% shaded conditions and in full sun. Furthermore, invertase activity was directly linked to the osmoregulatory system. The reduction in RS was related to a low photosynthetic rate, and an increase α and β-amylase was associated with the use of reserve energy sources to meet energetic needs.
Screening common bean germplasm for resistance to genetically diverse Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Argentina
Authors: Abán Carla Luciana , Taboada Gisel Maria , Casalderrey Norma Beatriz , Maggio Maria Elisa , Chocobar Mario Osvaldo , Spedaletti Yamila Andrea , Gonzalez Mónica Alicia Aparicio , Vizgarra Oscar Vicéforo , Galván Marta Zulema
Published: April 2020

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating disease that affects the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) crop worldwide. In Argentina, white mold has been detected in all bean production areas, reaching seed yield and quality losses up to 100% on susceptible common bean cultivars under favorable weather conditions. The aim of this study was to screen the physiological resistance of 20 common bean accessions to five genetically distinct isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from the main common bean growing area of Argentina, using the greenhouse straw test. The white mold reaction was scored at 7, 14, and 21 days post-inoculation using a 1 (no disease symptoms) to 9 (severely diseased or dead plants) scale and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between isolates, accessions and genotype x isolate interaction at the three evaluations dates. All cultivars and lines were susceptible at the end of the assessment, except line A 195 which was resistant to white mold against the five isolates tested and was significantly different from all accessions. This work represents a valuable contribution to regional breeding programmes aimed to obtain cultivars with durable resistance.
Genetic diversity and population structure of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) accessions by means of microsatellites markers
Authors: Zeni Neto Hugo , Borsuk Luiz Gustavo da Mata , Santos Luiz Renato Frederico dos , Angeli Henrique Sanches , Berton Guilherme Souza , Sousa Lorena Lopes de
Published: April 2020

The success of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding programs depends on the choice of productive parent lines that have a high industrial yield and are genetically divergent. This study assessed the genetic divergence and population structure of sugarcane accessions that are the parents of the RB05 Series of the Sugarcane Breeding Program of Brazil. The DNA of 82 accessions was evaluated using 36 simple sequence repeat markers. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean clustering method were used to generate a cluster that was divided into 17 distinct groups derived from probabilistic models. The similarity coefficient used in both cases showed that the degree of similarity varied from 0.4716 (RB971551 x RB965586) to 0.9526 (RB936001 x SP89-1115), with a mean of 0.8536. This result demonstrates a high similarity between the 82 accessions and confirms Wright’s F statistic (0.125), which indicates moderate genetic variability. The less-similar crosses suggest that breeders seek a higher number of crosses using cultivar RB965586, highlighting the RB971551 x RB965586 and RB965586 x RB855511 crosses. The results demonstrate that crosses such as RB936001 x SP89-1115 and RB945954 x RB896342 should be avoided because of their high genetic similarity.
Macauba palm cake as additive in elephant grass silage
Authors: Silveira Hugo Vinícius Lelis , Braz Thiago Gomes dos Santos , Rigueira João Paulo Sampaio , Santos Márcia Vitória , Gusmão Jéssica Oliveira , Alves Matheus Almeida , Martuscello Janaina Azevedo , Mourthé Mário Henrique França
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of macauba palm cake (Acrocomia aculeata) on the chemical composition, fermentation and aerobic stability of elephant grass silages (Pennisetum purpureum). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were composed of six levels of macauba palm cake (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30%) as additive to elephant grass silage. Dry matter and ethereal extract content of the silage increased linearly with the inclusion of the additive. Addition levels of 15.54% would provide 35% of dry mass, and the limit of 7.00% of ethereal extract in the silage could be obtained with 10.47%. The neutral detergent fiber content reduced linearly from 68.97 to 52.59%, but lignin increased linearly from 6.56 to 7.70%. There was a reduction of 0.17% in the ammoniacal nitrogen content for each 1% of cake. The minimum value of dry matter losses (1.33%) was estimated to the inclusion level of 23.70%. The aerobic stability increased with inclusions between 18 and 24% of cake. The use of levels between 10 and 15% of macauba palm cake are sufficient to optimize dry matter and ethereal extract contents of the silages and to provide a high aerobic stability with minimum losses.
Digestible methionine levels for white-egg layer pullets from 7 to 12 weeks of age
Authors: Figueiredo Júnior Jalceyr Pessoa , Costa Fernando Guilherme Perazzo , Guerra Ricardo Romão , Santana Marcelo Helder Medeiros , Lima Matheus Ramalho de , Pinheiro Sarah Gomes
Published: April 2020

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of digestible methionine for growing pullets at growth phase (7 to 12 weeks of age). A completely randomized design was distributed in five treatments, six replicates, and 15 pullets per experimental unit. 450 Dekalb White pullets from the 7th weeks of age, with an average initial weight of 313.14 ± 12.49 g were used. Dietary treatments consisted in five diets supplemented with DL-Methionine which resulted in five levels of digestible methionine (0.266, 0.294, 0.322, 0.350, and 0.378 %). Performance, serological blood, histopathology and histomorphometry data were evaluated. Quadratic responses were observed for final live weight (p < 0.0143), weight gain (p < 0.0073), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.0058), glycogen deposition in the liver (p < 0.0001), gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme activity (p < 0.0008), and villus height (p < 0.0024) with digestible dMet levels. In conclusion, the use of 0.343 % dMet, corresponding to a dMet:dLys ratio 55, is recommended for white-egg pullets from 7 to 12 weeks of age.
Mapping the habitat suitability of Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) as a means to detect its associated galling species in Brazil
Authors: Lima Valdeir Pereira , Calado Daniéla Cristina
Published: April 2020

Host plant species have very specific interconnection with galling species. Here, we estimate the potential distribution of the host plant species Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) to consequently locate the potential distribution ranges of its galling species Lopesia andirae Garcia, Lima, Calado, and Guimarães (2017) based on ecological requirements. The ecological niche model was built using Maxent v.3.4.1k, an algorithm that estimates species’ distributions. We found suitable habitats for L. andirae encompassing areas of the Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. Annual mean temperature (70.2%) and temperature annual range (13.9%) were the most critical factors shaping A. humilis and necessarily L. andirae. Our results can guide taxonomists and ecologists regarding the delineation of sampling areas as well as conservation strategies for this ecological interaction.
Organicidade, institucionalidade e dimensão simbólica do Instituto Federal do Paraná: uma perspectiva sob o olhar de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Siraichi Jackeline Tiemy Guinoza , Barbosa Rosa Amélia , Limana Amir , Azevedo Mário Luiz Neves de
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a criação de Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, que inaugurou uma nova fase na oferta de educação por instituições de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica no Brasil, a partir do estabelecido na lei de criação 11.892, de 29 de dezembro de 2008, que institui a Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica, e cria os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Metodologicamente, o artigo fundamenta-se na teoria dos campos sociais de Pierre Bourdieu, especialmente a partir dos conceitos de campo social, habitus, capital social, capital cultural e capital científico. Desta forma, com base em documentos, legislação e apoio na literatura sobre o assunto, nota-se que existe uma lacuna entre o previsto no projeto de criação e na legislação sobre os Institutos Federais, de inclusão social e democratização do ensino público, e a concreta atuação docente balizada pela superestimação e sobrevalorização do perfil acadêmico comum nas universidades tradicionais.
As reformas educacionais na Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto (1890-1911)
Authors: Paula Leandro Silva de , Carvalho Rosana Areal de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender o ideário em torno das primeiras reformas educacionais do período republicano: reformas Benjamin Constant (1890), Epitácio Pessoa (1901) e Rivadávia Corrêa (1911); as consequências que essas reformas representaram para uma importante instituição de ensino superior da história do Brasil, a Escola de Farmácia de Ouro Preto, e as reações da classe farmacêutica de Ouro Preto diante das vicissitudes educacionais da Primeira República. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi necessária a apreciação dos estudos da Historiografia da Educação, bem como da Nova História Política, e o amparo teórico no conceito de Cultura Política Republicana. Em relação à documentação, foi investigada a coleção de leis e decretos das reformas educacionais, os relatórios de Presidente do Estado de Minas Gerais, além dos documentos encontrados no Arquivo da própria escola, composto por regulamentos, livros de matrículas e documentos avulsos. Ao analisar as mudanças ocorridas tanto nos exames de admissão exigidos para o ingresso na Escola de Farmácia quanto nas disciplinas ofertadas por esta instituição, constata-se que o grupo farmacêutico de Ouro Preto, composto por professores, alunos e diretores, se viu entre o desejo de mudança e a resistência às reformas implantadas no início do período republicano.
Irmãos Rebouças no Paraná do século 19 e os intelectuais negros
Authors: Barbosa Etienne Baldez Louzada , Anjos Juarez José Tuchinski dos , Silva Paulo Vinícius Baptista da
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa o legado dos irmãos Antonio e André Rebouças no Estado do Paraná para, a partir da trajetória deles, pensar a participação de intelectuais negros na formação histórica dessa região. O artigo divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, segue o rastro dos irmãos Rebouças no Paraná, através do método indiciário, indagando algumas das fontes documentais. Na segunda, tensiona a historiografia e a memória paranaense acerca dos dois irmãos, contrapondo-as a outras fontes. O contato com fontes primárias (em particular a imprensa periódica e fotografias) revela o quanto tal sociedade foi marcada pela atuação do negro, não apenas no campo econômico – escravizado ou como trabalhador livre – mas também no campo intelectual. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstra como a identidade racial dos Rebouças e outros intelectuais negros sofria apagamento já no período em que viveram, por meio de estratégias de embranquecimento social, próprias de uma sociedade racista e personalista como era a brasileira, em geral, e a paranaense, em particular. Esse paradoxo, a nosso ver, é uma importante pista para a produção de outra memória e história sobre a presença de Antonio, André e demais negros intelectuais no passado paranaense.
Study of Dimension Variation Effect on a Batter Piled Wharf Structure with Seismic Isolation Systems
Authors: Fendy Jeffry , Rastandi Josia I , Prakoso Widjojo A. , Sjah Jessica
Published: April 2020

In a conventional wharf design, batter piles are incorporated in the design as a primary lateral resistance element, however in recent years it is mostly discouraged to use batter piles in the design of wharf structure, especially in higher seismic zone. The use of seismic isolation in the design of wharf structure has been introduced since 2005 in UFC 4-152-01 code as an alternative design for wharf structure, from several studies it is shown that the usage of seismic isolation systems in wharf design has offered many benefits either in new design or structure retrofitting design. The objective of this research is to study the application of seismic isolation system on wharf structure with batter piles, with study case of the wharf design on Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. This objective will be achieved by comparing the length per width (L/W) ratio of wharf structure model to evaluate base reaction, natural period and deflection of structure, from these results, a clearer understanding about the advantages of seismic isolation system in wharf structure, so it will be encouraging the application of seismic isolation systems.
Effect of Plasticizer on the Rheological Properties of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Gum Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sittikijyothin Wancheng , Khumduang Khanaphit , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: April 2020

The effect of plasticizers and content on rheological behaviour of Caesalpinia pulcherrima gum aqueous solutions and on mechanical properties on gum films was investigated. Three plasticizers as glycerol and sorbitol and propylene glycol at different ratios were used. The results presented that plasticizer adding reduced the apparent viscosity of mixture solution, caused by polymer interaction weakening. However, they exhibited shear-thinning behaviour and typical shape for macromolecular solutions in viscoelastic property.
Effect of Plasticizer on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Gum Edible Film
Authors: Sittikijyothin Wancheng , Khumduang Khanaphit , Hongvaleerat Chularat , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: April 2020

The gum edible films were prepared from Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds. The effects of plasticizer types and contents on physical and mechanical properties of gum edible film were investigated. Three plasticizers as glycerol and sorbitol and propylene glycol at different adding concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) were used. Glycerol provided flexible and sticky films with the highest water vapour permeability and elongation at break but the lowest tensile strength. In contrast, propylene glycol provided brittle films with the highest tensile strength but the lowest elongation at break and water vapour permeability. In addition, increasing in plasticizer content resulted in decreased tensile strength concomitant with an increased in elongation at break and water vapor permeability.
Effect of Microwave-Alkali Techniques on the Morphology and Physical Changes of Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber
Authors: Hamzah Fazlena , Idris Ani , Sarif Mahanim
Published: April 2020

Empty fruit bunches fibre (EFB) consisting of 44 % cellulose, 16 % lignin and 35 % hemicelluloses component was treated using microwave-alkali (Mw-A) agitated pre-treatment so as to disrupt the recalcitrant structures in the fibre. Morphology and chemical changes of treated EFB were used as indicators to the effectiveness of Mw-A treatment. The results obtained were compared with conventional pre-treatment process. The morphology of the treated fiber was observed using scanning electron microscope. The reduction in the EFB composition during Mw-A treatment was justified by measuring the total extract cellulose; remaining lignin and hemicellulose, and ash content after the process was performed. Results revealed that Mw-A pre-treatment technique exhibited a more effective removal of lignin and hemicelluloses as compared to the conventional or chemical treatment.
Finite-Element Analysis of Preform Deformation for Flat Wall Thickness Distribution in the Injection Blow Molding Process
Authors: Atigkaphan Nuchnalin , Thusneyapan Satjarthip
Published: April 2020

The wall thickness of plastic bottle is a major consideration for engineers in designing products with strength. For injection blow molding, the thickness depends on the preform size, and shape of the required product. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is injected in a mold with the shape of the preform. A stretch injection blow molding machine is used for processing the preform to the shape of the bottle. This research applied finite-element analysis for the process simulation; started from applying the air pressure inside the heated perform – until the PET expanded to the required bottle shape. While most studies were interested in axis-symmetry shape, this paper concentrated on a bottle with uniform flat wall thickness on four sides of a squared section bottle. Several finite-element models were studied and compared the simulation efficiency. Under the investigated area of ±15 mm x 90 mm, the thickness deviation found to be within 3.573%.
Raising Intensity and Modeling the Process of Inulin Extraction from Raw Materials of Plant Origin
Authors: Aleksanyan Igor Yurevich , Hamed-Harisovich Albert , Mutsaev Roman Vakhaevich , Salvatierra Barzola Miguel Antonio , Nguen Thi Sen
Published: April 2020

The key and most energy-consuming process in obtaining inulin is the extraction process. The effectiveness of technology as a whole depends on this procedure. The present research is devoted to studying statics and kinetics of inulin water extraction from artichoke with the purpose of intensification, optimization and modeling of extraction process. Analysis of technical and patent literature has allowed to reveal the ways of aggregation of inulin extraction, in particular, by influence of ultrasonic oscillations on the object of processing. To study the statics of the extraction process, i.e. equilibrium states of the system of interacting substances with the purpose of determining equilibrium concentrations at different temperatures with the use of ultrasonic radiation, kinetic laws of the process and to select rational operating parameters and extraction process intensification, a series of experiments and experimental data processing were carried out. On the basis of the obtained data the process modeling is carried out and the model of mass transfer while inulin extraction is calculated. After have been analyzed the obtained results, in particular, fields of inulin concentration in Jerusalem artichoke and kinetic curves of extraction, it was concluded that in the process of extraction there are slight gradients of concentrations observed, which cause "soft" extraction modes. Furthermore, ultrasonic treatment application at the frequency of radiation 20-22 kHz reduces the duration of the extraction process and significantly increases specific output of inulin. The equations obtained are necessary not only to determine the duration of extraction and its rational mode parameters, but also to model the extraction process mathematical results. These research results can be used in the field of food science and industry, as well as in the development and design of food equipment.
Assessment of the Structure of Polysilicate Binding with Added Glycerol
Authors: Loganina Valentina I. , Mazhitov Yerkebulan Bisengalievich , Skachkov Yuri Petrovich
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the study of the properties of the sol of silicate paint. The chemical structure of the polysilicate solutions obtained with the addition of glycerol was studied by IR spectroscopy. It is shown, that the interaction of potassium liquid glass and glycerol is weak and due to the partial replacement of hydrogen ions by potassium ions.
Investigating Plasma-Nozzle Wear Based on Processing Time and Current Ampere
Authors: Pittayachaval Paphakorn , Aupkaew Yanisa , Sakhonkhan Sirinat , Sukan Thittaya , Patchaikhonang Chirathorn
Published: April 2020

Plasma cutting machine widely uses in electrical conductivity industrial according to an accuracy dimension and minimum time consuming. A cutting surface and kerf are keys process parameter to establish process quality by controlling diameter of nozzle and size of electrode. Since kerf shape is crated base on nozzle diameter, while electrode is served plasma arc. This paper presents an investigating nozzle wear based on current ampere and processing time. The controlled variables are a plasma-cutting machine, Hypertherm powermax 45 xp, Bindee control CNC machine and cutting path as whorl specimen of low carbon steel. The current Ampere was handled at 35, 40, 45 A. The processing time was controlled at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 minutes. The diameters of nozzle were measured using digital microscope. The experiments conducted based on ANOVA to establish the relationship of those parameters. The nozzle wear depended upon the current Ampere and processing time in which a regression equation was presented as a result.
A Formula for the Relationship between Penetration Depth, Viscosity of Asphalt Grouting and Diameter of Stone, Apply for Designing Asphalt-Grouted Stone Revetments
Authors: Nguyen Huu Hue , Nguyen Manh Truong , Nguyen Huu Thanh
Published: April 2020

Where suitable rock of only a limited size is scarce, asphalt grouting can be used to provide an impermeable armour layer of greater resistance to wave action than the component rock alone. Asphalt-grouted stone revetments provide a flexible and durable cover layer which can resists abrasion, is indifferent to chemical attack by salt water etc.The paper presents the research on the relationship between the depth of asphalt grouting penetration with the diameter of stone and asphalt viscosity to apply for designing asphalt-grouted stone revetments to protect sea dykes.
Energy-Absorption Ability of Embedding Whisker Alumina Fiber into Natural Rubber Composite for Insulation Applications
Authors: Leelawanachai Wasan , Dedruktip Nattapol , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa
Published: April 2020

Natural rubber is an elastomeric material to make rubber products such as toys, households, automobiles, wheel tires, medical and health care products. Natural rubber compound is one kind of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) composed of natural rubber compound acted as a matrix phase and filler acted as a dispersed or reinforcement phase. There are many kinds of fillers used in the PMCs in terms of particles, fibers, and structural sheets. Adding organic/inorganic fibers into the natural rubber composites can increase the mechanical-thermal-physical properties and sound absorption. The natural rubber embedded fiber composite samples were prepared via the vulcanization process at the curing temperature 150°C by the two-roll mill. The amount of whisker alumina (Al2O3), coconut coir and water hyacinth fiber were varied from 0 to 50 phr on 100 phr of natural rubber in a sulfur curing system. The obtained rubber composite samples were of good mechanical properties, low thermal conductivity and good acoustic-sound absorption, suitable for various applications such as automobile, insulation and storage tank. The obtained rubber composite with 10 phr whisker alumina added (NR-Al-10) possessed the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break and thermal conductivity values equal to 14.38 ± 1.95 MPa, 545.63 ± 25.67 MPa, 1038.4 ± 41.45% and 0.02527 ± 0.0003 W/m.K, respectively. Furthermore, the sound absorption value of natural rubber composite added 10 phr whisker alumina (NR-Al-10) is equal to 45.09% in the range of 3000‒4000 Hz of acoustic sound level better than the pure natural compound without adding filler.
Dense ZrB2-MoSi2 Composite Coating Fabricated by a New Multi-Chamber Detonation Accelerator on Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Kovaleva Marina G. , Goncharov Igor Yu. , Novikov Vseslav Yu. , Pavlenko Ivan A. , Yapryntsev Maxim N. , Vagina Olga N. , Sirota Viacheslav V. , Tyurin Yu.N. , Kolisnichenko O.V.
Published: April 2020

A new multi-chamber detonation accelerator (MCDS) was applied to fabricate ZrB2–MoSi2 composite coating containing 20 mol.% of MoSi2 on carbon/carbon composites. Phase composition and microstructure of the coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The ZrB2–20MoSi2 coating displayed compact and lamellar microstructure with porosity lower than 1%, where SiO2 phase was uniformly distributed in the ZrO2 matrix. The coating was well-adhered with carbon/carbon composites. Silica, m-ZrO2, and small amount of Zr(MoO4)2 were formed.
Formulation Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Buccal Tablets of Ramipril
Authors: Venkatesh D.Nagasamy , Rajeshkumar Raman , Huy Roan Ngoc Anh
Published: April 2020

The main objective of the present investigation was to develop buccal tablets of ramipril, to bypass the first pass metabolism and to improve its oral bioavailability. Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension undergoes extensive first pass metabolism and about 25% of the drug reaches the systemic circulation. A unidirectional, bilayered mucoadhesive tablet of ramipril was prepared using HPMC as polymer by direct compression technique. Initially, a backing layer was made by using ethyl cellulose, onto which the drug containing layer as placed and recompressed to get a bilayered tablet. The buccal tablets were evaluated for various parameters such as weight variation test, thickness, hardness, friability, in vitro swelling studies, in vitro mucoadhesion study and in vitro dissolution study. Among the different formulation, the formulation (F1) prepared using 5% HPMC as polymer exhibited satisfactory performance over the other batches and considered as an ideal batch. The release of the drug from the tablets exhibited zero order kinetics and the mechanism of release was governed by diffusion process.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Mesoporous SiO2 Microspheres Modified by Octaphenylpolyoxyethyiene
Authors: Chen Bo , Guo Yong Biao , Huang Yong Peng , Zhong Hui
Published: April 2020

Monodisperse mesoporous SiO2 microsphere is a potential fine candidate carrier of dry powder inhalation, but large numbers of active surface hydrophilic hydroxyls enhance surface energy, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force, environmental water adsorption and particle agglomeration. Conventional hydrophobic modification of surface hydroxyls, which is conducive to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, will limit the loading of water-soluble drugs and the drug dissolution in water simultaneously. In this study, monodisperse mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were prepared as carrier and modified innovatively by amphiphilic modifier octaphenylpolyoxyethyiene and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, particle diameter about 60 nm, mean pore size 21.4 nm, specific pore volume 0.95 cm3/g, and specific surface area 130 m2/g. Model drug pentoxyverine citrate was loaded by pressure infiltration and spray drying process, drug loading 8.24%, repose angle 34°, mass median aerodynamic diameter 1.03 μm, and more than 90% of drug could dissolve within 30 min both in water and organic solvents.
Description of two new species of Prosapia (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) from the Nearctic and Neotropics, with a key to species of the P. inferens species group
Authors: Castro-Valderrama Ulises , Peck Daniel C. , Carvalho Gervasio S. , Valdez-Carrasco Jorge Manuel , Romero Nápoles Jesús
Published: April 2020

Insects in the subfamily Ischnorhininae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae), known as spittlebugs or froghoppers, are mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. A few genera include pest species of economic relevance, including Prosapia Fennah, 1949. Two new species from Mexico and Costa Rica are now described for this genus, and a key to species is proposed for the P. inferens (Walker, 1858) species group.
Italian train derailment and the civil protection emergency psychologist intervention: A case report
Authors: Biella Riccardo , Artale Liliana
Published: April 2020

In the last years the mind-body unity, and so giving both physical and psychological attention, is entering increasingly in the first-responder system. This paper reports the intervention done by the Psychosocial Emergency Team, the Civil Protection Emergency Psychologists, during the multi-forces’ intervention on the Limito di Pioltello train crash, a major accident occurred in Italy in 2018. The attempt is to give a photography of the psychological part of the rescue system in this scenario, showing phases, methods, and some rationales subtended in our actions. The aim is to share procedures and open a constructive dialogue that could bring to more standardized interventions among non-governmental emergency psychologist teams with the aim to always provide better care both to victims and their families.
Guidelines of the Italian Society of Videosurgery in Infancy for the minimally invasive treatment of pediatric nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy
Authors: Chiarenza Salvatore Fabio , Bleve Cosimo , Esposito Ciro , Escolino Maria , Beretta Fabio , Cheli Maurizio , Di Benedetto Vincenzo , Scuderi Maria Grazia , Casadio Giovanni , Marzaro Maurizio , Fascetti Leon Francesco , Bagolan Pietro , Vella Caludio , Conighi Maria Luisa , Codric Daniela , Nappo Simona , Caione Paolo
Published: April 2020

Throughout history, the pediatric laparoscopic nephrectomy was first described at the beginning of the Nineties by Erlich and colleagues in a child and by Koyle and colleagues in an unweaned patient. (...)
Lower Extremity Biomechanics During a Drop-Vertical Jump and Muscle Strength in Women With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Baellow Andrea , Glaviano Neal R. , Hertel Jay , Saliba Susan A.
Published: April 2020

Context

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most prevalent knee conditions observed in women. Current research suggests that individuals with PFP have altered muscle activity, kinematics, and kinetics during functional tasks. However, few authors have examined differences in lower extremity biomechanics in this population during the drop-vertical jump (DVJ).

Objective

To determine how lower extremity electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics during a DVJ and lower extremity isometric strength differed between women with and those without PFP.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifteen healthy women (age = 20.23 ± 1.39 years, height = 169.32 ± 5.38 cm, mass = 67.73 ± 9.57 kg) and 15 women with PFP (age = 22.33 ± 3.49 years, height = 166.42 ± 6.01 cm, mass = 65.67 ± 13.75 kg).

Intervention(s)

Three trials of a DVJ.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Surface electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics were collected simultaneously during a DVJ. Lower extremity strength was measured isometrically. Independent-samples t tests were performed to assess group differences.

Results

Normalized muscle activity in the vastus medialis (healthy group = 120.84 ± 80.73, PFP group = 235.84 ± 152.29), gluteus maximus (healthy group = 43.81 ± 65.63, PFP group = 13.37 ± 13.55), and biceps femoris (healthy group = 36.68 ± 62.71, PFP group = 11.04 ± 8.9) during the landing phase of the DVJ differed between groups. Compared with healthy women, those with PFP completed the DVJ with greater hip internal-rotation moment (0.04 ± 0.28 N/kg versus 0.06 ± 0.14 N/kg, respectively) and had decreased knee-flexion excursion (76.76° ± 7.50° versus PFP = 74.14° ± 19.85°, respectively); they took less time to reach peak trunk flexion (0.19 ± 0.01 seconds versus 0.19 ± 0.02 seconds, respectively) and lateral trunk flexion (0.12 ± 0.07 seconds versus 0.11 ± 0.04 seconds, respectively).

Conclusions

During the DVJ, women with PFP had increased hip internal-rotation moment and decreased knee-flexion excursion with less time to peak trunk flexion and lateral flexion. Muscle activation was increased in the vastus medialis but decreased in the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris. This suggests that altered motor-unit recruitment in the hip and thigh may result in changes in biomechanics during a DVJ that are often associated with an increased risk of injury.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE LAND USE OPTIMIZATION THROUGH PARALLEL PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM: CASE STUDY BABOLDASHT DISTRICT OF ISFAHAN, IRAN
Authors: Sahebgharani Alireza
Published: April 2020

Land use planning seeks to divide land, the most valuable resource in the hands of planners, among different land types. During this process, various conflicting objectives are emerged which land use planners should prepare land use plans satisfying these objectives and deal with a large set of data and variable. For this reason, land use allocation is a multi-objective NP-hard optimization problem which is not solvable by the current exact methods. Therefore, solving land use optimization problem relies on the application of meta-heuristics. In this paper, a novel meta-heuristic named parallel particle swarm is developed to allocate seven land types (residential, commercial, cultural, educational, medical, sportive and green space) to Baboldasht district of Isfahan covered by 200 allocation cells with size 1000 m2 for maximizing compactness, compatibility and suitability objective functions. Afterwards, the outputs of the new developed algorithm are compared to the outputs of genetic algorithm. The results demonstrated that the parallel particle swarm is better than genetic algorithm in terms of both solution quality (1.35%) and algorithm efficiency (63.7%). The results also showed that the outputs achieved by both algorithms are better than the current state of land use distribution. Thus, the method represented in this paper can be used as a useful tool in the hands of urban planners and decision makers, and supports the land use planning process.