bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Wavelength Laser Emission by Hot‐Carriers Transfers in Perovskite‐Graphene‐Chalcogenide Quantum Dots
Authors: Pan Yong , Wang Li , Zhang Yan , Su Xueqiong , Gao Dongwen , Chen Ruixiang , Huang Lun , Sun Wei , Zhao Yuxin , Gao Dangli
Published: July 2022

As a new type of photonic‐chip light source, quantum dot (QD) lasers have recently received remarkable attention. However, two significant problems remain to be solved: the high lasing threshold characteristics and the single wavelength application in a photonic chip. To achieve this, a multi‐wavelength quantum dot laser is proposed. An ultrathin QDs‐film laser with a thickness of 78 nm is developed. The microstructure of MAPbBr3 + graphene + CoGaZnS is studied using Raman spectroscopy and simulation, illustrating the different optical bandgap structures in different combinations. Four‐wavelength lasing at 540, 628, 769, and 824 nm with thresholds of 25 kW cm–2 and 50 kW cm–2 are achieved at room temperature. The finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulation results suggest a photon‐jumping phenomenon in a fixed period. Subsequently, the transient absorption (TA) spectrum of the QDs‐film is measured to reveal the ultrafast photonics process, which proves the two hot‐carrier transfer processes and the zitterbewegung (ZB) phenomenon in graphene at 416 nm. The ZB‐dominated hot‐carrier transfer from perovskite MAPbBr3 to CoGaZnS is confirmed. This study can contribute to hot‐carrier lasing and light‐source research in photonic chips.
Red‐Emitting Perovskite Variant Cs2PtCl6 Phosphor: Material Design, Luminous Mechanism, and Application in High‐Color‐Rendering White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wu Ranyun , Liu Yingmeng , Hu Sanlue , Fu Pengfei , Xiao Zewen
Published: July 2022

Recently, A2BX6‐type halide perovskite variant phosphors have been applied for white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their superior photoluminescence properties, excellent stability, and low‐cost solution‐processability. However, the reported white LEDs, particularly the all‐A2BX6 white LEDs, exhibit insufficient color rendering due to the shortage of red light. In this work, through a rational material design, a red‐emitting perovskite variant Cs2PtCl6 phosphor is developed. The synthesized Cs2PtCl6 powders exhibit a relatively narrow bandgap of 2.91 eV and an intrinsic broadband red emission centered at 670 nm, which is attributed to the triplet self‐trapped excitons associated with the Jahn−Teller‐distorted [PtCl6]2− octahedra in the excited state. Using Cs2PtCl6 as the red phosphor component, an all‐A2BX6 white LED is constructed, achieving a standard white light with a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.33, 0.33), a correlated color temperature of 5318 K, and a record high color rendering index of 90. This work represents a significant step toward the application of A2BX6 perovskite variant phosphors for solid‐state lighting.
Phase‐Field Simulations of the Morphology Formation in Evaporating Crystalline Multicomponent Films
Authors: Ronsin Olivier J. J. , Harting Jens
Published: July 2022

In numerous solution‐processed thin films, a complex morphology resulting from liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) or from polycrystallization arises during the drying or subsequent processing steps. The morphology has a strong influence on the performance of the final device but unfortunately, the process–structure relationship is often poorly and only qualitatively understood. This is because many different physical mechanisms (miscibility, evaporation, crystallization, diffusion, and advection) are active at potentially different time scales and because the kinetics plays a crucial role: the morphology develops until it is kinetically quenched far from equilibrium. In order to unravel the various possible structure formation pathways, a unified theoretical framework that takes into account all these physical phenomena is proposed. This phase‐field simulation tool is based on the Cahn–Hilliard equations for diffusion and the Allen–Cahn equation for crystallization and evaporation, which are coupled to the equations for the dynamics of the fluid. The behavior of the coupled model based on simple test cases is discussed and verified. Furthermore, how this framework allows to investigate the morphology formation in a drying film undergoing evaporation‐induced LLPS and crystallization, which is typically a situation encountered, is illustrated, for example, in organic photovoltaics applications.
Origami Microwave Imaging Array: Metasurface Tiles on a Shape‐Morphing Surface for Reconfigurable Computational Imaging
Authors: Venkatesh Suresh , Sturm Daniel , Lu Xuyang , Lang Robert J. , Sengupta Kaushik
Published: July 2022

Origami is the art of paper folding that allows a single flat piece of paper to assume different 3D shapes depending on the fold patterns and the sequence of folding. Using the principles of origami along with computation imaging technique the authors demonstrate a versatile shape‐morphing microwave imaging array with reconfigurable field‐of‐view and scene‐adaptive imaging capability. Microwave/millimeter‐wave based array imaging systems are expected to be the workhorse for sensory perception of future autonomous intelligent systems. The imaging capability of a planar array‐based systems operating in complex scattering conditions have limited field‐of‐view and lack the ability to adaptively reconfigure resolution. To overcome this, here, deviations from planarity and isometry are allowed, and a shape‐morphing computational imaging system is demonstrated. Implemented on a reconfigurable Waterbomb origami surface with 22 active metasurface panels that radiate near‐orthogonal modes across 17–27 GHz, capability to image complex 3D objects in full details minimizing the effects of specular reflections in diffraction‐limited sparse imaging with scene adaptability, reconfigurable cross‐range resolution, and field‐of‐view is demonstrated. Such electromagnetic origami surfaces, through simultaneous surface shape‐morphing ability (potentially with shape‐shifting electronic materials) and electromagnetic field programmability, opens up new avenues for intelligent and robust sensing and imaging systems for a wide range of applications.
Hierarchical Design in Nanoporous Metals
Authors: Ying Jie , Lenaerts Silvia , Symes Mark D. , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: July 2022

Hierarchically porous metals possess intriguing high accessibility of matter molecules and unique continuous metallic frameworks, as well as a high level of exposed active atoms. High rates of diffusion and fast energy transfer have been important and challenging goals of hierarchical design and porosity control with nanostructured metals. This review aims to summarize recent important progress toward the development of hierarchically porous metals, with special emphasis on synthetic strategies, hierarchical design in structure–function and corresponding applications. The current challenges and future prospects in this field are also discussed.
Microliter Scale Synthesis of Luciferase‐Encapsulated Polymersomes as Artificial Organelles for Optogenetic Modulation of Cardiomyocyte Beating
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Yeow Jonathan , Najer Adrian , Kit‐Anan Worrapong , Wang Richard , Rifaie‐Graham Omar , Thanapongpibul Chalaisorn , Stevens Molly M.
Published: July 2022

Constructing artificial systems that effectively replace or supplement natural biological machinery within cells is one of the fundamental challenges underpinning bioengineering. At the sub‐cellular scale, artificial organelles (AOs) have significant potential as long‐acting biomedical implants, mimicking native organelles by conducting intracellularly compartmentalized enzymatic actions. The potency of these AOs can be heightened when judiciously combined with genetic engineering, producing highly tailorable biohybrid cellular systems. Here, the authors present a cost‐effective, microliter scale (10 µL) polymersome (PSome) synthesis based on polymerization‐induced self‐assembly for the in situ encapsulation of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc), as a model luminescent enzyme. These GLuc‐loaded PSomes present ideal features of AOs including enhanced enzymatic resistance to thermal, proteolytic, and intracellular stresses. To demonstrate their biomodulation potential, the intracellular luminescence of GLuc‐loaded PSomes is coupled to optogenetically engineered cardiomyocytes, allowing modulation of cardiac beating frequency through treatment with coelenterazine (CTZ) as the substrate for GLuc. The long‐term intracellular stability of the luminescent AOs allows this cardiostimulatory phenomenon to be reinitiated with fresh CTZ even after 7 days in culture. This synergistic combination of organelle‐mimicking synthetic materials with genetic engineering is therefore envisioned as a highly universal strategy for the generation of new biohybrid cellular systems displaying unique triggerable properties.
Digital Light 3D Printed Bioresorbable and NIR‐Responsive Devices with Photothermal and Shape‐Memory Functions
Authors: Paunović Nevena , Marbach Jessica , Bao Yinyin , Berger Valentine , Klein Karina , Schleich Sarah , Coulter Fergal Brian , Kleger Nicole , Studart André R. , Franzen Daniel , Luo Zhi , Leroux Jean‐Christophe
Published: July 2022

Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing is a promising technique for the rapid manufacturing of customized medical devices with high precision. To be successfully translated to a clinical setting, challenges in the development of suitable photopolymerizable materials have yet to be overcome. Besides biocompatibility, it is often desirable for the printed devices to be biodegradable, elastic, and with a therapeutic function. Here, a multifunctional DLP printed material system based on the composite of gold nanorods and polyester copolymer is reported. The material demonstrates robust near‐infrared (NIR) responsiveness, allowing rapid and stable photothermal effect leading to the time‐dependent cell death. NIR light‐triggerable shape transformation is demonstrated, resulting in a facilitated insertion and expansion of DLP printed stent ex vivo. The proposed strategy opens a promising avenue for the design of multifunctional therapeutic devices based on nanoparticle–polymer composites.
An Oxygen Vacancy Memristor Ruled by Electron Correlations
Authors: Humbert Vincent , El Hage Ralph , Krieger Guillaume , Sanchez‐Santolino Gabriel , Sander Anke , Collin Sophie , Trastoy Juan , Briatico Javier , Santamaria Jacobo , Preziosi Daniele , Villegas Javier E.
Published: July 2022

Resistive switching effects offer new opportunities in the field of conventional memories as well as in the booming area of neuromorphic computing. Here the authors demonstrate memristive switching effects produced by a redox‐driven oxygen exchange in tunnel junctions based on NdNiO3, a strongly correlated electron system characterized by the presence of a metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT). Strikingly, a strong interplay exists between the MIT and the redox mechanism, which on the one hand modifies the MIT itself, and on the other hand radically affects the tunnel resistance switching and the resistance states' lifetime. That results in a very unique temperature behavior and endows the junctions with multiple degrees of freedom. The obtained results bring up fundamental questions on the interplay between electronic correlations and the creation and mobility of oxygen vacancies in nickelates, opening a new avenue toward mimicking neuromorphic functions by exploiting the electric‐field control of correlated states.
In Situ Integrating Highly Ionic Conductive LDH‐Array@PVA Gel Electrolyte and MXene/Zn Anode for Dendrite‐Free High‐Performance Flexible Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Hui Xiaobin , Zhang Peng , Li Jiafeng , Zhao Danyang , Li Zhaoqiang , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chengxiang , Wang Rutao , Yin Longwei
Published: July 2022

Low interfacial ion transfer kinetics and structure instability of solid‐state electrolytes are the bottleneck which seriously limits the working life and energy density of flexible zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, an optimized electrode–electrolyte integrated MXene/Zn‐layered double hydroxides (LDH)‐array@PVA structure is developed via an electrochemical Zn deposition, in situ LDH growth, polymer infiltration, and crosslinking route, integrating anode and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for high‐performance flexible ZABs. The highly orientated hydrophilic CoNi‐LDH arrays sufficiently crosslink with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) chains, which effectively decreases the crystallinity degree of the PVA polymer and provides fast ionic diffusion channels to reduce the ionic transport barrier, endowing LDH‐array@PVA GPE with significantly improved ionic conductivity, water retention capability, and mechanical flexibility. Moreover, the optimized anode‐GPE integrated interface of MXene/Zn‐LDH‐array@PVA demonstrates excellent interfacial compatibility and stability, effectively reduces the interfacial impedance, and promotes the interfacial ionic transfer kinetics, enhancing a uniform zinc deposition without dendrite formation. The optimized ionic transfer kinetics and stable anode‐GPE integrated interface bring the MXene/Zn‐LDH‐array@PVA‐based flexible ZAB a long cycling life up to 50 h, and a high power density of 92.3 mW cm−2. The rationally designed in situ crosslinking and integration strategies provide enlightening pathways for the design of high‐performance flexible ZABs.
N‐Type Conductive Small Molecule Assisted 23.5% Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cao Qi , Li Yuke , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Junsong , Wang Tong , Yang Bowen , Pu Xingyu , Yang Jiabao , Chen Hui , Chen Xingyuan , Li Xiaoqiang , Ghasemi Shahnaz , Salari Hadi , Hagfeldt Anders , Li Xuanhua
Published: July 2022

Because of the compatibility with tandem devices and the ability to be manufactured at low temperatures, inverted perovskite solar cells have generated far‐ranging interest for potential commercial applications. However, their efficiency remains inadequate owing to various traps in the perovskite film and the restricted hole blocking ability of the electron transport layer. Thus, in this work, a wide‐bandgap n‐type semiconductor, 4,6‐bis(3,5‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐2‐phenylpyrimidine (B4PyPPM), to modify a perovskite film via an anti‐solvent method is introduced. The nitrogen sites of pyrimidine and pyridine rings in B4PyPPM exhibit strong interactions with the undercoordinated lead ions in the perovskite material. These interactions can reduce the trap state densities and inhibit nonradiative recombination of the perovskite bulk. Moreover, B4PyPPM can partially aggregate on the perovskite surface, leading to an improvement in the hole‐blocking ability at its interface. This modification can also increase the built‐in potential and upshift the Fermi level of the modified perovskite film, promoting electron extraction to the electron transport layer. The champion device achieves a high efficiency of 23.51%. Meantime, the sealed device retains ≈80% of its initial performance under a maximum power point tracking for nearly 2400 h, demonstrating an excellent operational stability.
Excess PbI2 Management via Multimode Supramolecular Complex Engineering Enables High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hengkai , Yu Wei , Guo Junxue , Xu Chao , Ren Zhiwei , Liu Kuan , Yang Guang , Qin Minchao , Huang Jiaming , Chen Zhiliang , Liang Qiong , Shen Dong , Wu Zehan , Zhang Yaokang , Chandran Hrisheekesh Thachoth , Hao Jianhua , Zhu Ye , Lee Chun‐sing , Lu Xinhui , Zheng Zijian , Huang Jinsong , Li Gang
Published: July 2022

Excess PbI2 in perovskite film is an effective strategy for boosting perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance. However, the presence of unreacted PbI2 is a critical source of intrinsic instability in perovskite under illumination, due to the photolysis of PbI2 (decomposed into metallic lead and iodine). Herein, this issue is solved by applying ionic liquids (ILs) on PSCs where the ILs can form types of stable supramolecules with residual lead iodide. The formation process and mechanism of the supramolecules are elucidated. The residual PbI2 is also revealed to cause high level lead interstitial defects and induced tensile strain which further deteriorate device performance. The self‐assembled supramolecular complex can passivate the PSCs where significant enhancements are achieved in both power conversion efficiency (PCE, from 21.9% to 23.4%) and device stability (retaining 95% of the initial PCE after 4080 h in ambient dry‐air storage, and 80% after 1400 h continuous light illumination).
Recycling Strategies for Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Sarner Stephan , Schreiber Andrea , Menzler Norbert H. , Guillon Olivier
Published: July 2022

Alongside the generation of renewable power and its storage in batteries, hydrogen technologies are essential to enable a deep decarbonization of the energy system. These technologies include solid oxide cells (SOCs), which can be operated as electrolyzers to generate hydrogen or syngas and/or for power supply in fuel cell mode and demonstrate the highest electrical efficiency among electrochemical converters. However, SOCs like other energy technologies contain significant amounts of critical raw materials, which should be preserved appropriately. Therefore, the development of economically viable recycling strategies is required even at an early market entry stage. In this paper, potential recycling routes for SOC stack components are discussed. Based on state‐of‐the‐art materials and cell designs, the future challenges related to SOC recycling are outlined, and possible recycling pathways for all SOC components are presented with an emphasis on the ceramic fractions. Their economic and environmental potentials are evaluated, showing the significant advantages offered by recycling.
Profiling of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aquatic weedIpomoea aquatica
Authors: Roy Sajal , Zilani Md. Nazmul Hasan , Alrashada Yousof Naser , Islam Mohammed Monirul , Akhe Fatema Kamrunnaher , Uddin SK Jamal , Sarower Md Golam
Published: July 2022

Water spinach,Ipomoea aquatica, is a common semi‐aquatic weed that is used as an ingredient in fish feed to support its growth and defence system. The present study aimed to identify and quantify bioactive polyphenols through HPLC‐DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatograpgy ‐ Diode Array Detector) analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the aquatic weedI. aquaticaavailable in Bangladesh. Different bioactive phytochemical groups were qualitatively appraised in crude ethanol extract, aqueous andn‐hexane fractions of water spinach. The total polyphenol and flavonoids content were spectrophotometrically discerned using Folin–Chiocalteu and aluminium chloride, respectively. Bioactive compounds of the extracts were identified by the HPLC‐DAD method. Furthermore, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryldydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl‐radical scavenging and reducing power assays were followed to assess antioxidant activity. The experimental extracts confirmed the presence of different bioactive phytochemical groups. The crude extract contained the highest content of both polyphenol (94.93 mg gallic acid (GA) equivalent per gram dry extract) and flavonoids (373.30 mg quercetin equivalent per gram dry extract). Besides, in HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatogrphy) analysis, ellagic acid was present at the highest concentration both in crude (337.26 mg/100 g dry extract) and aqueous (280.06 mg/100 g dry extract) extracts. However, then‐hexane fraction only contained GA (13.91 mg/100 g dry extract). Also, some other bioactive polyphenols were identified in crude and aqueous fraction extracts. The crude extract revealed superior antioxidant activity in DPPH (Half maximal inhibitory Concentration (IC50) = 149.30 ± 1.43 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays (IC50 = 327.257 ± 1.36 μg/ml) in comparison to the rest of the extracts. Furthermore, all of the extracts showed dose‐dependent reducing power activity. HPLC‐identified bioactive compounds may be responsible for antioxidant activity. Because of these identified compounds,I. aquaticaholds the potential feed ingredient in aquaculture.
Effects of supplemental L‐methionine for total replacement of fish meal by soybean meal on growth, feed utilisation and health status of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis fry
Authors: Billah Sheikh Masum , Sumi Kanij Rukshana , Howlader Sumon , Sarkar Subroto , Ferdous Zannatul , Islam S.M. Majharul , Shahjahan Md
Published: July 2022

A 14‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental L‐methionine for total replacement of fish meal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) on growth and feed utilisation of the stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Five diets were formulated, where Diet 1 contained 15% FM and 45% SBM as a source of protein. The other four diets (2–5) contained 0% FM and around 60% SBM (59.5%, 59.0%, 58.5% and 58.0% SBM, respectively) with various percentages (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2%) of L‐methionine. The significantly highest mean final weight (g), weight gain (g), percent weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (% day−1) were found in Diet 4 containing 58.5% SBM with 1.5% L‐methionine, and there was no significant difference between Diets 1 and 4. The feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate did not differ significantly among fish groups. However, the best FCR and higher PER were found in Diet 4. The whole‐body carcass protein was significantly lower in Diets 2 and 5, which contained 0.5% and 2% L‐methionine, respectively, and might be below or above the requirements of stinging catfish. Significantly higher lipid content was found in Diets 2 and 4. Dietary 1.5% supplementation of L‐methionine for total replacement of FM with SBM increased haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and blood glucose, and 2% supplementation of L‐methionine decreased these values significantly. Moreover, considerable morphological improvement of the intestine was observed in Diet 4. Therefore, the results suggest that Diet 4 containing 58.5% SBM with 1.5% supplemental L‐methionine could completely replace FM without adverse effects on growth, feed utilisation and health condition of stinging catfish, H. fossilis.
Biomass yield and biofiber properties of select industrial fiber crops in Lithuania
Authors: Bakšinskaitė Aušra , Tilvikiene Vita , Doyeni ModupeOlufemi
Published: July 2022

The versatility, flexibility, design, and lightness of plastic are the most attractive features that enable its useability in our daily life. As production of disposable plastic increases, so does the amount of waste. Plastic waste is nondegradable. Its accumulation over time increases the risk of environmental pollution and contributes to environmental hazards. This has resulted into finding more renewable sources that could replace plastics. One renewable resource is agricultural plant biomass rich in cellulose. This work is aimed at evaluating the chemical composition and structure of industrial fiber crops. Three types of crops were selected: Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus), Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby), and mugwort (Artemisia dubia Wall.). Their properties were compared with wheat straw (Triticum spp.). The industrial fiber crops and wheat straw were fertilized with mineral fertilizer at 90 kg ha−1. Experiments were performed to evaluate chemical and physical composition and biofiber parameters of crops. The highest cellulose content of 54.5 ± 2.17% was in mugwort with the lowest value of 42.5 ± 1.31% in Miscanthus. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was the lowest in mugwort (114.8 ± 3.91%). This means mugwort biomass can be easily degraded by microorganisms and has better biomass pretreatment properties. The best fiber quality was found in Virginia mallow. However, the yield of Miscanthus fiber per hectare was higher, compared with other tested crops. The study presented opportunities for mugwort and Miscanthus as verifiable industrial fiber crops. They hold huge potential as raw materials for biorefinery production with less cost and high productivity under temperate climatic conditions.
Supporting immigrant caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Continuous adaptation and implementation of an early childhood digital engagement program
Authors: Rojas Natalia M. , Katter Julie , Tian Ran , Montesdeoca Jacqueline , Caycedo Camila , Kerker Bonnie D.
Published: July 2022

Digital messaging programs have the potential to be a powerful, low‐cost, technological tool to support multiple facets of caregivers' knowledge, and implementation of developmentally appropriate caregiver‐child activities among diverse immigrant populations. However, involving caregivers and community stakeholders in the cultural and linguistic tailoring of interventions to optimize utilization and engagement may be critical to ensuring messaging programs' usability and acceptability. The purpose of this mixed‐method study was to use the dynamic adaptation process (DAP) within an Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to examine the implementation of a digital messaging program, developed at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, aimed at providing Spanish‐, English‐, and Mandarin‐speaking immigrant caregivers with caregiver‐child activities that supported children's development and caregivers' knowledge. Building upon the EPIS framework, using DAP, we assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a messaging program via short message service or multimedia message service, WeChat, and Remind and webinar program during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study illustrated how a digital messaging program is a feasible mechanism for sharing developmentally and culturally appropriate information with immigrant caregivers. In addition, the use of the DAP and the EPIS framework allowed us to continuously track the process of cultural adaptation, identify barriers and facilitators of the outreach program, and examine how implementation unfolded across all three groups of caregivers.
An evaluation of a rapid conversion to teleSANE in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Shaw Jessica , Feeney Hannah , Meunier‐Sham Joan , Hazard Karen , Plante Pamela , Petricone Randi
Published: July 2022

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs) provide expert, comprehensive medical forensic care to patients who present for services following a sexual assault. Because SANEs are not consistently available, telehealth technology is being explored as a means to provide access to this expert care (i.e., teleSANE). During the COVID‐19 pandemic, teleSANE offered additional potential benefits by reducing the length of time spent and number of providers in patient exam rooms, the need for personal protective equipment that was in high demand and short supply, and provider anxiety related to providing in‐person care. In the summer of 2020, the Massachusetts SANE program rapidly and temporarily converted five hospitals from in‐person SANE care to teleSANE. An evaluation team interviewed 23 providers using a rapid research and evaluation methods approach to assess the temporary model and inform the future of SANE care. Evaluation findings reveal it is possible to rapidly and temporarily convert hospitals from in‐person to teleSANE care in a time of broad uncertainty, and that such a change requires intensive and thoughtful planning; a shared commitment to being supportive, flexible, and responsive; and specific experience and expertise. Considerations for communities exploring how best to ensure consistent, equitable access to SANEs are discussed.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors distribution and clustering across different geographic levels in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Umesh , Yasmin Sabina , Chand Swati , Timalsena Birat Krishna , Bhat Tikendra , Thapa Sangharsha , Ranabhat Kamal , Paudel Kiran , Shah Sangam
Published: July 2022

Background

In an effort to reduce the burgeoning problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it is imperative to understand the variation of risk factors across different geographic regions. This study aims to shed light on examining the leading risk factors of CVD and it's clustering across Nepal.

Methods

Data from a nationally representative survey were analyzed to estimate the distribution of four major risk factors (high blood pressure, overweight, obesity, and smoking) of cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, this study also assessed the intra‐cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) of CVD risk factors at the household, community (urban/rural), district, and province level.

Results

This study included 14 418 adult population with age of 15 years and above of which 41.7% were male and 58.3% were female. Higher prevalence of all four CVD risk factors was found in the richest quintile, people living in hilly region, most noticeably among residents of metropolitan city and in Gandaki, Bagmati, and Province 1. The ICC decreased as the socio‐geographic clustering units decreased in size from province, district, and household level clustering. The ICC was highest at province level for “province 1” for raised blood pressure than other provinces.

Conclusions

Risk factors of CVD in Nepal are concentrated prominent in highly urbanized areas and ICC is low as the level of geography decreased from province, district, and household. The findings can be applied in directing prevention activities at different levels to mitigate the higher burden of risk factors of CVD in Nepal.
Does the imbalance in the apolipoprotein E isoforms underlie the pathophysiological process of sporadic Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Lozupone Madia , Imbimbo Bruno Pietro , Balducci Claudia , Lo Vecchio Filomena , Bisceglia Paola , Latino Raffaela Rita , Leone Maurizio , Dibello Vittorio , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Greco Antonio , Daniele Antonio , Watling Mark , Seripa Davide , Panza Francesco
Published: July 2022

Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 299‐amino acid secreted glycoprotein binding cholesterol and phospholipids, and with three common isoforms (APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4). The exact mechanism by which APOE gene variants increase/decrease Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is not fully understood, but APOE isoforms differently affect brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, glial function, synaptogenesis, oral/gut microbiota, neural networks, amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, and tau‐mediated neurodegeneration. In this perspective, we propose a comprehensive interpretation of APOE‐mediated effects within AD pathophysiology, describing some specific cellular, biochemical, and epigenetic mechanisms and updating the different APOE‐targeting approaches being developed as potential AD therapies. Intracisternal adeno‐associated viral‐mediated delivery of APOE ε2 is being tested in AD APOE ε4/ε4 carriers, while APOE mimetics are being used in subjects with perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Other approaches including APOE ε4 antisense oligonucleotides, anti‐APOE ε4 monoclonal antibodies, APOE ε4 structure correctors, and APOE–Aβ interaction inhibitors produced positive results in transgenic AD mouse models.
DNA interaction, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking, biological, in vivo anti‐inflammatory and thermal studies of o‐hydroxyacetophenone and 2‐fluoroaniline Schiff base complexes
Authors: Maddikayala Sravanthi , Bengi Kavitha , Pulimamidi Saritha Reddy
Published: July 2022

Series of transition metal complexes [Fe (HL)2Cl(H2O)](1), [Co (HL)2](2), [Ni (HL)2](3) and [Cu (HL)2](4) were derived on condensation of Schiff base ligand o‐hydroxyacetophenone with 2‐fluoroaniline in 1:1 ratio (HL) and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. Based on the studies, complex 1 was found to be octahedral and complexes (2), (3) and (4) square planar. Coats–Redfern calculations suggest that all the complexes are non‐spontaneous and thermally stable. DNA binding studies revealed intercalation binding mode, while intrinsic binding constant (Kb) and Stern–Volmer quenching constant (Ksq) support high binding abilities. The nuclease activity using CT‐DNA was studied by gel electrophoresis. Docking studies were deduced using Accelry's Discovery Studio 2.1 program to understand binding affinities. The MD simulation, carried in order to analyse the stability of ligand and human topoisomerase I (PDB ID: 1T8I) complex for 100 ns using the Desmond 2020.1 from Schrödinger, LLC, revealed stable conformation of the ligand. In vivo, carrageenan induced inflammation studies in paw volume were carried out in rats, and results showed a higher rate of oedema inhibition for complex 4. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assay reveal that complex 4 exhibited higher cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity over other complexes and the ligand.
Density, water, and swelling characteristics of cellular palm kernel oil bio‐polyol modified polyurethane toward more sustainable growing media application
Authors: Than Kok Tiong , Yu Lih Jiun , Chen Ruey Shan , Tarawneh Mou'ad A. , Lai Nai Yeen Gavin
Published: July 2022

Developing a bio‐based polyol polyurethane foam with the desired properties for use as growing media for green vertical walls could be beneficial in the quest to create a more sustainable urban living. In this work, palm kernel oil‐based polyol (PKOP) was mixed with petroleum‐based polyol (PP) at different ratios in synthesizing polyurethane foam. The impacts of PKOP/PP formulation on the density, cell morphology, water absorption, water retention, swelling behavior, and their chemical functional groups were evaluated. It was determined that replacing PP with low levels of PKOP could reduce the water absorption ability due to the introduction of hydrophobic plant‐based fatty acids. On the contrary, polyurethane foam containing more than 30% PKOP has improved the water absorbing ability and retention properties. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that the synthesized foams are isocyanate‐free and stable toward pH changes. The trial planting attempt was a success where the plants were grown from seeds using the synthesized foam media. It was proposed that 50% PKOP is most suitable for use as a growing media, based on its water absorbing and retention properties. The findings of this study highlight the potential for the use of bio‐based polyol polyurethane foam for more sustainable growing media in urban gardens.
Influence of DBD treated nano‐Al2O3 on thermal and electrical insulation properties of epoxy nanocomposites at high temperatures
Authors: Zhu Guangyu , Chen Xiangrong , Hong Zelin , Awais Muhammad , Dai Chao , Meng Fanbo , Paramane Ashish , Wang Xin , Liu Weimin , Zhang Jianqun
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the effect of addition of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on electrical treeing characteristics of epoxy resin (EP) at 30, 60, and 90°C, respectively. The electrical treeing and simultaneous partial discharge measurements, surface potential decay, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrograms and differential scanning calorimetry are adopted to analyze the influence of plasma‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles on the different insulation properties of EP and its composites. The results show that the high temperature adversely affects the electrical tree initiation, growth rate, and discharge activities of the EP nanocomposites. The DBD‐treated nano‐Al2O3 particles increase the electrical tree initiation voltage of the EP nanocomposites compared to the nanocomposite with the untreated nano‐Al2O3 particles. In contrast, the electrical tree growth rate decreases in the EP nanocomposite with the DBD treated nano‐Al2O3 particles at high temperatures. It is found that DBD treated nanoparticles affect the trap density and energy level of the composites by generating new chemical bonds, and then change their electrical properties. A charge carrier transport model is proposed to explain the obtained experimental results.
Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of superadhesive melamine formaldehyde polyvinylpyrrolidone resins doped with metallic and graphene oxide nanoparticles for better industrial applications
Authors: Pan Sourav , Upadhyay Richa , Singh Sunita , Singh Man
Published: July 2022

Structure of melamine‐formaldehyde‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (MFP) polymer resin prepared with melamine, formaldehyde, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at was determined using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties and thermal stability were analyzed with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. 1H NMR spectra showed doublet at 3.13 and 3.17 ppm due to neighboring electron‐deficient nitrogen and electron density of bridged carbon atoms. The 13C NMR have infrared vinyl chain, melamine, and pyrrolidone peak for , 48.72 ppm depicts C atom of between O and C atoms. Peak at 17.50 ppm inferred terminal of vinyl chain. FTIR stretching frequencies at 3426.38 and 2915.5 cm−1 vibrations depicted (tertiary amine), and group of vinyl chain of PVP, respectively. New band at 2350 cm−1 inferred –CH2 of formaldehyde attached with O atoms of PVP. MFP was doped with Fe3O4 (magnetic nanoparticles = MNPs), CaS (calcium sulfide), CaO, and graphene nanoparticles for reinforcement. Encapsulated Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR, graphene oxide–MFPR are compared with MFPR alone. TGA inferred higher stability of Fe3O4–MFPR, CaS–MFPR.
Digitalisierung der Lieferkette im Betonbau – Stand der Entwicklungen und erste Standardisierungsmaßnahmen
Authors: Tercan Özgür , Vasilic Ksenija , Sievering Christoph , Wolber Jan
Published: July 2022

Die Lieferketten im Betonbau sind aufgrund der großen Anzahl von Schnittstellen zwischen verschiedenen Teilprozessen und Teilnehmern komplex. Informationsketten weisen in der Regel Diskontinuitäten beim Datenaustausch auf, da der Informationsaustausch häufig in analoger Form erfolgt. Andererseits sind durchgängige Informationsketten für einen stabilen und nachhaltigen Bauprozess erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag stellt das im Rahmen des Projekts SDaC entwickelte Konzept zur Digitalisierung sowie die ersten Schritte zur Standardisierung der Wertschöpfungs‐ und Lieferkette von Beton vor. Ziel ist es, eine durchgängige Informationskette mit reduzierter Verschwendung von Ressourcen zu schaffen.
“Sugary drinks” and graphic warning labels: Critique of a recent U.S. study of parents' beverage choices for their children
Authors: Rossiter John R.
Published: July 2022

A laboratory experiment by U.S. public health researchers Hall et al. claimed to demonstrate that a graphic picture‐and‐text warning label placed on so‐called sugary drinks would substantially reduce parents' purchase of them for their children. Hall et al., however, misclassified the alleged “sugary drinks,” omitting those containing natural but equally harmful sugars such as fructose in fruit juice and lactose in milk. They also implied that artificially sweetened “non‐sugary” drinks are harmless when available research indicates otherwise. The experiment was further invalidated by the fact that warning labels are illegal in the U.S., and those that Hall et al. used would not be permitted in any case because they partially obscured the manufacturer's brand label. There were many other methodological problems with Hall et al.'s experiment, among them the failure to do what any competent consumer researcher would do—namely ask the parents afterwards why they made the choices that they did.
Biosynthesis of Menaquinone in E. coli: Identification of an Elusive Isomer of SEPHCHC
Authors: Fries Alexander , Mazzaferro Laura S. , Bisel Philippe , Hubrich Florian , Andexer Jennifer N. , Müller Michael
Published: July 2022

In the biosynthesis of menaquinone in bacteria, the thiamine diphosphate‐dependent enzyme MenD catalyzes the decarboxylative carboligation of α‐ketoglutarate and isochorismate to (1R,2S,5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐3‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (SEPHCHC). The regioisomer of SEPHCHC, namely (1R,5S,6S)‐2‐succinyl‐5‐enolpyruvyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐carboxylate (iso‐SEPHCHC), has been considered as a possible product, however, its existence has been doubtful due to a spontaneous elimination of pyruvate from SEPHCHC to 2‐succinyl‐6‐hydroxy‐2,4‐cyclohexadiene‐1‐carboxylate (SHCHC). In this work, the regioisomer iso‐SEPHCHC was distinguished from SEPHCHC by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Iso‐SEPHCHC was purified and identified by NMR spectroscopy. Just as SEPHCHC remained hidden as a MenD product for more than two decades, its regioisomer iso‐SEPHCHC has remained until now.
Unraveling the Origin of the Regioselectivity of a Supramolecular Hydroformylation Catalyst
Authors: Linnebank Pim R. , Kluwer Alexander M. , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: July 2022

Supramolecular substrate preorganization using DIMPHos ligands, which are bisphosphine ligands equipped with a carboxylate binding site, allows for control over the regioselectivity in the hydroformylation reaction. In all reported examples, the aldehyde product in which the CO was inserted farthest from the directing group, was formed in excess (for terminal alkenes the linear aldehyde). We report here an in‐depth DFT study to provide mechanistic insight into this selective transformation. These calculations show large energy differences between the different hydride migration steps of competing pathways that lead to either the linear or branched aldehyde product, in line with the experimentally found selectivity. Through the use of calculated model systems of the catalyst, it is shown that the substrate binding event itself plays an important role in determining these large energy differences. Following ditopic substrate binding, the product forming pathways that lead to the minor isomeric product is particularly disfavored by the steric repulsion between the ditopically bound substrate and the apical coordinated CO ligand.
Fe‐Catalyzed Amidation of Allylic Alcohols by Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Ma Wei , Tang Weijun , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang , Wang Chao
Published: July 2022

Allylic amines are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, so the development of green and efficient methods for the preparation of allylic amines are of great importance. An Fe‐catalyzed amidation of allylic alcohols with chiral tert‐butylsulfinamide has been developed. With water as the only by‐product, a range of synthetically useful chiral sulfinamide olefin derivatives (30 examples) were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The reaction can be performed on a gram‐scale, and the products could serve as chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by an Fe‐catalyzed borrowing hydrogen process, which is different from most of the reported allylic amination reactions.
Catalytic oxidation of glycerol in alkaline medium – Influence of mass transport limitations
Authors: Namdeo Ashutosh , Jhaveri Jainesh H. , Mahajani Sanjay M. , Suresh Akkihebbal K.
Published: July 2022

Glycerol upgradation via oxidation is characterized by a complex reaction network, further complicated by the heterogeneous (gas/liquid/solid) nature of the reaction. Thus, rates and selectivities could be significantly modified by transport limitations, especially in industrial reactors. In this work, we have studied the reaction on supported Pd and Au catalysts under alkaline conditions, both in the absence and presence of transport resistances, both external and internal. Reaction pathways proposed on the basis of data under kinetic control have been used to rationalize the findings. Interestingly and counterintuitively, the selectivity to C3 compounds is better under the influence of mass transfer. This behaviour is because of the nature of the reaction, which involves solution‐mediated reactions in addition to the metal‐catalyzed reactions on the catalyst surface. These findings have important implications for the scale up of this reaction and process design methodology.
Determining key colors from a design perspective using dE‐means color clustering
Authors: Gijsenij Arjan , Vazirian Marjan , Spiers Peter , Westland Stephen , Koeckhoven Pim
Published: July 2022

Designing a mood board is a creative tool designers often employ at the start of a new (interior) design project. The colors of a mood board represent important information about the envisioned interior designs. In this article, we focus on digital mood boards and we propose a novel method to determine the mood boards' key colors from a design perspective using dE‐means color clustering. This proposed algorithm includes a fixed initialization to overcome the non‐deterministic nature of traditional k‐means, and a merging step to ensure all colors in the calculated palette are at least a dE‐threshold apart. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods in determining the key colors from a design perspective. Additionally, we introduce a novel method to visualize the calculated color palettes that takes into account the contribution of individual pixels to the construction of the calculated color palettes. Finally, we demonstrate how the proposed algorithm can be used to characterize color palettes for various design styles like modern, industrial and art deco.
NMR Relaxivities of Paramagnetic, Ultra‐High Spin Heterometallic Clusters within Polyoxometalate Matrix as a Function of Solvent and Metal Ion
Authors: Schork Nicolas , Ibrahim Masooma , Baksi Ananya , Krämer Steffen , Powell Annie K. , Guthausen Gisela
Published: July 2022

Selectivity and image contrast are always challenging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are – inter alia – addressed by contrast agents. These compounds still need to be improved, and their relaxation properties, i. e., their paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE), needs to be understood. The main goal is to improve specificity and relaxivities, especially at the high magnetic fields currently exploited not only in material science but also in the medical environment. Longitudinal and transverse relaxivities, r1 and r2, which correspond to the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates R1 and R2, normalized to the concentration of the paramagnetic moieties, need to be considered because both contribute to the image contrast. 1H‐relaxivities r1 and r2 of high‐spin heterometallic clusters were studied containing lanthanide and transition‐metal ions within a polyoxometalate matrix. A wide range of magnetic fields from 0.5 T/20 MHz to 33 T/1.4 GHz was applied. The questions addressed here concern the rotational and diffusion correlation times which determine the relaxivities and are affected by the solvent's viscosity. Moreover, the variation of the lanthanide and transition‐metal ions of the clusters provided insights into the sensitivity of PRE with respect to the electron spin properties of the paramagnetic centers as well as cooperative effects between lanthanides and transition metal ions.