bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMRNet:Enhanced Micro-Expression Recognition Network with Attention and Distance Correlation
Authors: Liu Gaqiong , Huang Shucheng , Wang Gang , Li Mingxing
Published: September 2024

Micro-expression recognition (MER) is challenging because extracting locally subtle changes in micro-expressions (MEs) is extremely difficult. Several optical flow-based methods have been proposed to recognize MEs because optical flow can effectively suppress facial identity information while characterizing ME movements well. However, these approaches with simple structures do not reveal discriminative features, which leads to inferior performance. This paper proposes an Enhanced Micro-expression Recognition Network with attention and distance correlation (EMRNet) for MER. Concretely, EMRNet involves three phases. First, two identical structural Inception networks with channel-wise region-aware attention are designed to learn parallel global and local expression features based on the same ME’s optical flow input. Second, to empower ME representations, a dilated loss incorporating distance correlation is proposed to amplify the information entropy transmitted by the two branches. Last, emotion categories are predicted via fusing expression-dilated features in the classification branch. Extensive experiments conducted on the composite database published by MEGC 2019 validate the effectiveness of EMRNet under leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation and composite database evaluation (CDE) protocol. The results indicate that our proposed approach can generate discriminative features and yield promising performance gains. Moreover, the results also show that EMRNet achieves superior performance and outperforms existing simple single-stream and dual-stream models for MER.
RETRACTED: Experimental Investigation of Positively Buoyant Surface Jet in Confluence Regions
Authors: Behzad Ehsan , Rennie Colin D. , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Taherian Mostafa
Published: September 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
CFD Analysis of a Rear Wing of an Automobile
Authors: Venkatesh Tarun , Barnabas Arnav Nathan , S Priya H , Bagchi Tuhina , L Ravi
Published: September 2024

The aerodynamic characteristics of an automobile are crucial for improving stability and minimizing accidents caused by wind loading and the sharp turns at high speeds. Aerodynamics also significantly impacts fuel efficiency. To meet the growing demand for high-performing and fuel-efficient vehicles, rear wings are employed to reduce drag and increase downforce. This paper comprehensively studies the design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of an automobile's rear wing. The rear wing design incorporates an airfoil shape to enhance downforce and delay flow separation, thereby reducing drag. Several parametric studies are employed to optimize factors such as rear wing positioning and shape. It is observed that adding a lip spoiler itself significantly reduces the drag on a vehicle. Further, adding a single-element rear wing with endplates yields additional aerodynamic benefits to a vehicle. Additionally, aerodynamic devices such as flaps and endplates are integrated to further improve the wing's efficiency. Through CFD simulations, this study aims to optimize the rear wing's performance, enhancing vehicle stability during high-speed cornering and reducing overall fuel consumption.
Self-cleansing of rigid pavements by using flyash and titanium dioxide.
Authors: Farooq Miss Sofian , Manzoor Miss Mehreena , Zargar Tajamul Islam
Published: September 2024

This study innovatively investigates the use of TiO2 particles and flyash with cement to reduce pollution. The study was conducted by replacing OPC with photocatalytic concrete, prepared by partial replacement of cement with TiO2 and flyash. As it is a chemically stable and versatile semiconductor, TiO2, when incorporated into concrete mixes as a photocatalyst, degrades organic pollutants like NOx, SOx etc. in the presence of UV light radiation. For the best efficiency of TiO2, flyash was added, which not only adds to the durability of concrete but also increases the porosity of concrete, and thus increases the number of active sites for the photocatalytic reactions to take place. The M30 concrete mix ratio was used for the casting of nominal and photocatalytic concrete. Cement was partially replaced by 10%, 15% and 20% flyash. TiO2 was used as 1.6%, 2.2%, and 2.6% by the weight of M30-grade concrete. Concrete cubes were made based on combinations of varying percentages of flyash and TiO2 for the slump cone test and compressive strength test. The early compressive strength, though decreased due to addition of flyash but attained the peak value of 42.65 N/mm2 at 15% flyash which further increased to 52.60 N/mm2 for the combination of 15% flyash and 2.6% TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and degradation of pollutants was investigated by exposing the cubes sprayed with methylene blue dye as a model pollutant and structurally by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test, where the graphs obtained were compared with the reference graphs.
Sang Shen Pu Gong Ying beverages can significantly inhibit multi-drug resistant organisms-multiple dimensions of evidences
Authors: Li Shaoyu , Mak Chihim , Wang Meng , Li Xinjie , Cui Chunyan , Cai Defeng , Liang Zhiwei , Lu Tao , Ji Qingshun , shao Xiangming , Fan Guanghui , Mak Chihang , Liu Nan
Published: September 2024

Background The surge in multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) poses a dire threat to global health, necessitating novel antibacterial strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a multi-level approach potentially mitigating resistance development.
Methods We evaluated the Sang Shen Pu Gong Ying (SSPGY) beverage’s antibacterial activity through in-vitro tests, real sputum samples, and a clinical case study. The beverage, rooted in TCM, was prepared using a blend of medicinal and food homologous herbs and tested for its effect on MDROs, including minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination.
Results In-vitro bacteriostatic assays indicate that SSPGY beverage can significantly reduce MDROs, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with distinct antibacterial effects from conventional antibiotics. However, it showed ineffective inhibitory activity in sputum samples. Amazingly, by a intermittent 165-d intervention of SSPGY beverage to a clinical case of severe Klebsiella pneumoniaeinfection, it manifests the effectiveness against MDROs and play an essential role in combating antibiotic resistance.
Conclusion Our findings indicate that SSPGY, with its unique antibacterial profile, could offer a promising alternative or intervention to traditional antibiotics. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its therapeutic potential in the context of MDROs.
Phytoremediation in sustainable wastewater management: an eco-friendly review of current techniques and future prospects
Authors: Sharma Madhuben , Rawat Sameeksha , Rautela Ajay
Published: September 2024

The sustainable wastewater treatment method known as phytoremediation is reviewed in this paper, with particular attention paid to important technologies including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, and phytovolatilization. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of phytoextraction for heavy metal contamination using hyperaccumulator plants. It also highlights the versatility of phytoremediation by presenting compelling case examples in various situations. This environmentally friendly strategy offers affordable answers to the worldwide water pollution challenge and is in accordance with the growing demand for environmentally aware techniques. Phytoremediation – which emphasizes methods like phytoextraction – becomes a more viable path forward for wastewater pollution mitigation as environmental stewardship advances. By fusing theoretical understanding with real-world implementations, the article advances the conversation on sustainable wastewater treatment while reinforcing phytoremediation's promise for a more environmentally friendly future.
Formação do indivíduo no capitalismo avançado e a submissão consciente: relação entre ideologia e personalidade
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Octávio Gonzaga
Published: September 2024

Este estudo teórico, fundamentado nos trabalhos Max Horkheimer e Theodor Adorno, investiga as transformações econômicas e sociais no interior do capitalismo, com o objetivo de compreender o modo de submissão dos indivíduos às ideologias na atualidade. Com a passagem do capitalismo concorrencial para a era dos grandes monopólios econômicos, tanto a ideologia quanto o objeto da psicologia se modificam. A ideologia autoritária, expressão do nazifascismo, é uma consequência inevitável do capitalismo dos monopólios, movimento que ocorre concomitantemente ao enfraquecimento do indivíduo e ao fortalecimento de personalidades autoritárias e consciências tipificadas. Como conclusão, indicamos que a adesão à ideologia na atualidade passou a exigir do ego uma regressão demasiadamente acentuada, caracterizando-se como submissão consciente, redefinindo desta maneira o modo como pensamos a relação entre ideologia e personalidade.
Photochemical Dimerization of Indones: A DFT Study
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio
Published: September 2024

In this study, DFT calculations were performed in order to identify the reaction products of
the photochemical dimerization of indones. Calculations allowed us to assume that all tested reactions
occurred in the first excited singlet state. The irradiation of 2-phenyl-5-nitroindone gave the main
product, the anti-cis head-to-tail dimer, while the other two compounds found in the experiments were
the syn-cis head-to-head dimer and the anti-cis head-to-tail dimer. The irradiation of 2-phenylindone
gave the main product, syn-cis-head-to-tail dimer, while the minor products were anti-cis-head-to-tail
and anti-cis-head-to-head dimer. The photochemical dimerization of 2-methyl-3-phenylindone gave
the main product, anti-cis-head-to-tail dimer, while the minor component of the mixture was syn-cis-head-to-head dimer.
Rapid and Metal-Free Green Synthesis of Coumarins Catalyzed by Humic Acid
Authors: Wei Ling , Wang Yichun , Huang Qixuan , Wang Hongshe
Published: September 2024

In recent years, numerous methods have been developed for the synthesis of coumarins via
Pechmann reaction catalyzed by various catalysts. Although each of the synthetic strategies previously
reported has its own merit, most of these methods are associated with certain disadvantages, including
the use of commercially unavailable metal catalysts and organic solvents, low yields, and
long reaction times. Therefore, the development of a highly efficient, green, and sustainable catalytic
methodology for the synthesis of coumarins is still desirable. Humic acid has been found to be an
efficient catalyst for the synthesis of coumarins via the Pechmann reaction at 80°C under solvent-free
conditions. The methodology enables the synthesis of structurally diverse coumarins from phenols
and β-keto esters within 5-8 min in high yields (91-99%). The green, commercially available, inexpensive
organocatalyst can be effectively recycled and reused five times with no significant dropdown
in the yield of the product. The method reported has the advantages of high yield, no need for
metal catalysts, short reaction time, simple operation, and green and reusable catalyst.
Design of RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Therapeutics for Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Vummidi Varalakshmi , Talluri Sekhar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuber-culosis. The current treatment protocols for pulmonary tuberculosis are quite effective, even though the treatment requires 3-6 months. The current treatment protocols for extrapulmonary tuberculosis are based on the same drugs that are used for pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the success rates are much lower for certain types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, such as tubercu-lous meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis is one of the very few diseases attributable to bacteria that have a very high short-term mortality rate among diagnosed patients, even after treatment with antibiotics that are effective for pulmonary tuberculosis. For example, rifampicin is highly effective for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, but its effectiveness for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis is much lower. The reason for the lower effectiveness of rifampicin against tuberculous meningitis is that it has low Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, which results in lower concentrations of the drug at the required sites in the central nervous system.

Methods:

In this work, ligands having increased BBB permeability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, either similar to or better than that of rifampicin, have been de-signed. The BBB permeability of the designed molecules was assessed by using pkCSM, a ma-chine-learning model. Pharmacokinetic properties, drug-likeness, and synthesizability were as-sessed by using SWISS-MODEL. The binding affinity of the designed drugs was assessed by using AutoDock Vina. A customized scoring function, StWN score, was used for a quantitative weighted assessment of all the properties of interest to rank the designed molecules.

Results:

In this study, drug-like ligands have been designed that have been predicted to have high BBB permeability as well as high affinity for RNA polymerase  ofMycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusion:

The best ligands generated by the tools employed were selected as potential drugs to address the current need for better options for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.
An Analysis of the Radiosensitiser Applications in the Biomedical Field
Authors: Lim Teng Sheng , Abdul Rahman Irman , Umar Aminah , Mohd Hidzir Norsyahidah , Paul Arkill Kenton , Sharif Razinah , Jonet Mohd Anuar , Munawar Kabir Mohd Hur , Mohamed Faizal
Published: September 2024

Background:

Various types of radiosensitisers have been introduced from the past until
the present day for applications in the biomedical field. However, there is a lack of understanding
and comparison between the various parameters introduced in addition to a lack of consensus
among researchers on the optimal radiosensitiser for applications in the biomedical field.

Objective:

This review aimed to investigate the usage of radiosensitisers in the biomedical field,
determine their important parameters, and suggest radiosensitisers with potential among the analysed
radiosensitisers.

Results and Conclusion:

This review has discussed several parameters for radiosensitisers, including
median lethal dose, cell survival, tumour size, cell viability, Dose Enhancement Factor
(DEF), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) concentration, radiosensitiser production complexity, radiosensitiser
administration technique, and radiosensitiser toxicity. General trends regarding the
development of radiosensitisers, including the types, effectiveness, and their production complexity,
have also been discussed within this review article.
Molecular Marker Applications in the Selection of Elite Genotypes for Plant Stress Tolerance and Genetic Fidelity
Authors: Sahin Ezgi Cabuk , Aydin Yildiz , Uncuoglu Ahu Altinkut
Published: September 2024

Molecular markers play a crucial role in accelerating crop production for sustainable agriculture by identifying resistant traits and enhancing genetic diversity. In this review, we examine the impact of the molecular markers on advancing our understanding of stress tolerance mechanisms in plants, addressing the pressing imperative to bolster global food production to meet the escalating demands of the growing population. Additionally, the application of molecular markers to evaluate the genetic accuracy of plants due to genetic changes caused by somaclonal variation during in vitro propagation is mentioned. Specifically, we highlight emerging technologies like MAS, MARS, MABC, GWAS, GS, DH production, speed breeding, and genome editing, which offer promising opportunities to enhance stress tolerance and genetic integrity in crop cultivars, aiding in addressing global food security challenges. The literature search focused on studies published in the last ten years. We utilized a combination of specific and broad keywords such as genetic stability, in vitro propagation, molecular markers, abiotic-biotic stress, and plant biotechnology. In conclusion, this review analyzes the use of molecular markers in assessing the stress tolerance and genetic fidelity of in vitro grown plants.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Occupational Noise–Induced Deafness From 2006 to 2022 in Guangdong, China: Surveillance Study
Authors: Zhou Shanyu , Huang Yongshun , Chen Lin , Wen Xianzhong , Wang Shu , Huang Lang , Li Xudong
Published: September 2024

Background

Occupational noise–induced deafness (ONID) has replaced occupational poisoning as the second most common occupational disease in China since 2015. However, there is a limited number of articles on epidemiological characteristics of legally diagnosed ONID.

Objective

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and spatiotemporal characteristics of ONID in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022, with the aim of providing a scientific foundation for policy formulation and health resource allocation.

Methods

Surveillance data of ONID cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022 were obtained from the “Occupational Diseases and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System.” Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to assess the long-term trends in cases of ONID from 2006 to 2022. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to measure the overall degree of similarity of the attribute values of spatially adjacent or neighboring regional units. The local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) plots were then used to identify the local clusters of ONID in Guangdong.

Results

There were 3761 ONID cases in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022, showing a significantly increased trend in cases across the entire study period (average annual percentage change 21.9, 95% CI 18.7-35.1). The Moran’s I values for the period of 2006 to 2022 ranged from 0.202 to 0.649 (all P<.001), indicating a positive spatial correlation of ONID across regions each year in Guangdong Province. A total of 15 high-high clusters were notably concentrated in specific counties within the Pearl River Delta.

Conclusions

Significant spatiotemporal patterns of ONID in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2022 were identified, characterized by a dramatic increase followed by stabilization in case numbers. ONID predominantly occur in manufacturing industries, domestically funded enterprises, among males, individuals aged 40‐49 years, and those with 5+ years of occupational noise exposure. Spatial analysis demonstrated significant clustering in the Pearl River Delta region, with consistent positive spatial autocorrelation across years. These results could help prioritize the allocation of resources for targeted prevention and control measures for ONID.
The SoCAP (Social Communication, Affiliation, and Presence) Taxonomy of Social Features: Scoping Review of Commercially Available eHealth Apps (Preprint)
Authors: Kwok Ian , Freedman Melanie , Kamsickas Lisa , Lattie Emily G , Yang Dershung , Moskowitz Judith Tedlie
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

eHealth interventions have proven to be valuable resources for users with diverse mental and behavioral health concerns. As these technologies continue to proliferate, both academic researchers and commercial app creators are leveraging the use of features that foster a sense of social connection on these digital platforms. Yet, the literature often insufficiently represents the functionality of these key social features, resulting in a lack of understanding of how they are being implemented.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to conduct a methodical review of commercially available eHealth apps to establish the SoCAP (social communication, affiliation, and presence) taxonomy of social features in eHealth apps. Our goal was to examine what types of social features are being used in eHealth apps and how they are implemented.

METHODS

A scoping review of commercially available eHealth apps was conducted to develop a taxonomy of social features. First, a shortlist of the 20 highest-rated eHealth apps was derived from One Mind PsyberGuide, a nonprofit organization with trained researchers who rate apps based on their (1) credibility, (2) user experience, and (3) transparency. Next, both mobile- and web-based versions of each app were double-coded by 2 trained raters to derive a list of social features. Subsequently, the social features were organized by category and tested on other apps to ensure their completeness.

RESULTS

Four main categories of social features emerged: (1) communication features (videoconferencing, discussion boards, etc), (2) social presence features (chatbots, reminders, etc), (3) affiliation and identity features (avatars, profiles, etc), and (4) other social integrations (social network and other app integrations). Our review shows that eHealth apps frequently use resource-intensive interactions (eg, videoconferencing with a clinician and phone calls from a facilitator), which may be helpful for participants with high support needs. Furthermore, among commercially available eHealth apps, there is a strong reliance on automated features (eg, avatars, personalized multimedia, and tailored content) that enhance a sense of social presence without requiring a high level of input from a clinician or staff member.

CONCLUSIONS

The SoCAP taxonomy includes a comprehensive list of social features and brief descriptions of how these features work. This classification system will provide academic and commercial eHealth app creators with an understanding of the various social features that are commonly implemented, which will allow them to apply these features to enhance their own apps. Future research may include comparing the synergistic effects of various combinations of these social features.

CLINICALTRIAL
Exploring Acceptability, Barriers, and Facilitators for Digital Health in Dermatology: Qualitative Focus Groups With Dermatologists, Nurses, and Patients (Preprint)
Authors: Reinders Patrick , Augustin Matthias , Fleyder Anastasia , Otten Marina
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Although several digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promise in the care of skin diseases their uptake in Germany has been limited. To fully understand the reasons for the low uptake, an in-depth analysis of patients’ and health care providers’ barriers and facilitators in dermatology is needed.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore and compare attitudes, acceptability, barriers, and facilitators of patients, dermatologists, and nurses toward DHIs in dermatology.

METHODS

We conducted 6 web-based focus groups each with patients (n=34), dermatologists (n=30), and nurses (n=30) using a semistructured interview guide with short descriptions of DHIs described in the literature. A content analysis was performed using deductive constructs, following the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework, and inductive categories.

RESULTS

Patients identified many positive performance expectancies, such as reduced travel times and improvement in follow-up appointments. Dermatologists also stated positive effects (eg, promotion of standardized care), but also negative implications of health care digitalization (eg, increased workload). All stakeholders reported that a DHI should bring additional value to all stakeholders. A lack of digital competence among patients was identified as the major barrier to adoption by all 3 groups. Nurses and dermatologists want apps that are easy to use and easy to implement into their daily routines. Trust in selected institutions, colleagues, and physicians was identified as a facilitator. Patients reported their dependence on the dermatologists’ acceptance. All groups expressed concerns about data privacy risks and dermatologists stated insecurities toward data privacy laws.

CONCLUSIONS

To ensure successful digitalization in dermatology, apps should be user-friendly, adapted to users’ skill levels, and beneficial for all stakeholders. The incorporation of dermatologists’ perspectives is especially important as their acceptance may impact use among patients and nurses. DHIs should ensure and be transparent about data privacy. The found barriers and facilitators can be used for implementation strategies.

CLINICALTRIAL
The Application of Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks in the Detection of Nasal Septal Deviation Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images: Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shetty Shishir , Mubarak Auwalu Saleh , R David Leena , Al Jouhari Mhd Omar , Talaat Wael , Al-Rawi Natheer , AlKawas Sausan , Shetty Sunaina , Uzun Ozsahin Dilber
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are being increasingly studied for the detection of variations and pathologies in different imaging modalities. Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is an important anatomical structure with clinical implications. However, AI-based radiographic detection of NSD has not yet been studied.

OBJECTIVE

This research aimed to develop and evaluate a real-time model that can detect probable NSD using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

METHODS

Coronal section images were obtained from 204 full-volume CBCT scans. The scans were classified as normal and deviated by 2 maxillofacial radiologists. The images were then used to train and test the AI model. Mask region-based convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNNs) comprising 3 different backbones—ResNet50, ResNet101, and MobileNet—were used to detect deviated nasal septum in 204 CBCT images. To further improve the detection, an image preprocessing technique (contrast enhancement [CEH]) was added.

RESULTS

The best-performing model—CEH-ResNet101—achieved a mean average precision of 0.911, with an area under the curve of 0.921.

CONCLUSIONS

The performance of the model shows that the model is capable of detecting nasal septal deviation. Future research in this field should focus on additional preprocessing of images and detection of NSD based on multiple planes using 3D images.
Challenges of designing an over-the-counter medical device for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss (Preprint)
Authors: Salwei Megan Elizabeth , Anders Shilo , Reale Carrie , Slagle Jason M. , Ricketts Todd , Weinger Matthew B.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Only 15% of the nearly 30 million Americans with hearing loss use hearing aids, partly due to high cost, stigma, and limited access to required prior medical evaluations. Hearing impairment in adults can lead to social isolation and depression and is associated with an increased risk of falls as well as dementia. Given the persistent barriers to hearing aid use, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued a final rule to allow over-the-counter hearing aids to be sold directly to adult consumers with perceived mild-to-moderate hearing loss at pharmacies, stores, and online retailers without seeing a physician or licensed hearing health care professional.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the safety and usability of an over-the-counter hearing aid prior to FDA approval and market release.

METHODS

We first conducted a formative usability test of the device and associated App with 5 intended users to identify outstanding safety and usability issues. Following design modifications, we performed a second round with 15 intended users of the device. Participants were asked to complete 2-5 tasks, as if they were using the hearing aid in real life. After each task, participants rated the task difficulty. At the end of each session, participants completed a 10-question knowledge assessment and the system usability scale (SUS) and then participated in debriefing interviews to gather qualitative feedback. All sessions were video recorded and analyzed to identify use errors and design improvement opportunities. We concurrently conducted a test with 21 non-intended users (i.e., users with contraindications to use) to ascertain if consumers could determine when they should not use the device, based on the packaging, instructions, and labeling.

RESULTS

In all three usability tests, usability issues were identified. There were minimal safety-related issues with the device. Round 1 testing led to several design modifications which then increased task success in Round 2 testing. Participants had the most difficulty with the task of pairing the hearing aids to the cellphone. Participants also had difficulty distinguishing the right and left earbuds. Non-intended users did not always understand device contraindications (e.g., tinnitus, severe hearing loss). Overall, test findings informed eight actionable design modifications that improved device usability and safety.

CONCLUSIONS

This study evaluated the usability and safety of an over-the-counter hearing aid for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. Human factors engineering methods identified opportunities to improve the safety and usability of this direct-to-consumer medical device for individuals with perceived mild-moderate hearing loss.
Immersive virtual reality improves delayed nausea and depression during paclitaxel/carboplatin or paclitaxel/carboplatin plus bevacizumab therapy: A two-arm randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Niki Kazuyuki , Nakagawa Satoshi , Arai Misaki , Morimoto Ayaka , Ueda Yutaka
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Symptomatic drug treatment is generally used to treat various side effects associated with paclitaxel/carboplatin (TC) or TC plus bevacizumab (TC+Bev). However, this can lead to increased adverse effects from additional drugs. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) reduces pain and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of iVR in managing side effects associated with TC or TC+Bev therapy.

METHODS

This two-arm randomized controlled trial included patients with gynecologic cancer scheduled to undergo their first course of TC/TC+Bev. Patients in the intervention group received iVR for approximately 10 min/day for 7 consecutive days, starting on the first day of treatment. The primary endpoint was the severity of physical and psychiatric symptoms measured using the Japanese version of the revised Edmonton Symptom Rating System (ESAS-r-J). The secondary endpoint included the proportion of patients who used additional antiemetic medications, the complete response (CR) rate to nausea and the severity of anxiety, measured using the state-trait anxiety inventory-JYZ (STAI) Y-1. Patients in the conventional treatment group received supportive and symptomatic treatments.

RESULTS

The analysis included 28 and 30 patients in the intervention and conventional treatment groups, respectively. The change in ESAS-r-J scores between days 1 and 7 and nausea were significantly worse in the intervention group on day 4 only (p<0.001); however, the conventional treatment group showed significantly worse scores on days 3, 4, and 5. Depression was not significantly worse in the intervention group on any day other than on day 1; however, the conventional treatment group showed significantly worse scores on day 4. The proportion of patients who used additional antiemetic medications from days 2 to 7 was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the conventional treatment group (p=0.024). Regarding the change in STAI Y-1 on day 1 of TC or TC+Bev therapy, the mean score was significantly lower after the iVR experience than before the experience in the intervention group (from 43.8 to 34.8, p<0.001), whereas in the conventional treatment group, no significant difference was observed before and after anticancer drug administration (from 44.9 to 43.9, p=0.536).

CONCLUSIONS

iVR may reduce deterioration of nausea and depression more effectively in patients with gynecologic cancer undergoing TC or TC+Bev therapy than in those undergoing conventional treatment, especially in delaying the onset of nausea and accelerating recovery.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000041067).
Randomized trial comparing a web-based follow-up with routine surveillance in high-risk lymphoma: results of the phase 3 Sentinel Lymphoma trial. (Preprint)
Authors: Le Dû Sr Katell , Chauchet Sr Adrien , Sadot-Lebouvier Sr Sophie , Fitoussi Sr Olivier , Fontanet Sr Bijou , Saint-Lezer Sr Arnaud , Maloisel Sr Frédéric , Rossi Sr Cédric , Carras Sr Sylvain , Parcelier Sr Anne , Balavoine Magali , Septans Anne-Lise
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Relapse is a major event for lymphoma patients. Early detection could have an impact on quality of life and overall survival. Patient-related outcome measures have already demonstrated clinical benefit for lung cancer patients. Evidence is lacking for lymphoma patients. We proposed to evaluate the impact of a web-application follow-up for lymphoma patients at high risk of relapse.

OBJECTIVE

The primary endpoint was to demonstrate a 30% superiority in the detection of significant events in the experimental arm compared with the control arm over a 6-month follow-up.

METHODS

We planned a prospective, randomized phase 3 trial, comparing web-based follow-up (experimental arm) to a standard arm (control arm). Eligible patients were 18 years of age and older with lymphoma at high risk of relapse. Patients could have T-cell lymphoma in first partial or complete response, Hodgkin lymphoma in second partial or complete response, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in first partial or complete response with a revised high IPI score (≥3) or in second partial or complete response. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate a 30% superiority in the detection of significant events in the experimental arm compared with the control arm over a 6-month follow-up. An interim analysis was performed at the inclusion of the first 40 patients.

RESULTS

A total of 52 patients were included between July 12, 2017, and April 7, 2020, at 11 centers in France: 27 in the experimental arm and 25 in the control arm. Median follow-up was 21.3 months (range, [1.3-25.6] months). One hundred and twenty-one events were reported during the study period. Most events were reported in the experimental arm (83/119, 69.7%) compared to 30.2% (36/119) in the control arm, with a mean number of events per patient of 3.5 in the experimental arm and 1.8 in the control arm (p=.0041). Progression and infection were most frequently reported events. Nineteen patients relapsed during follow-up: 6 in the experimental arm and 13 in the standard arm (p<.001), with a median follow-up of 7.7 (range, [2.8-20.6] months) and 6.7 (range [1.9-16.4] months) (p=.94) respectively. Nine out of 26 patients (34.6%) in the experimental group did not receive their electronic questionnaire and the supplier was unable to remedy this. The interim analysis showed that there was no difference in the diagnosis of events.

CONCLUSIONS

PRO measures remain essential, but the electronic monitoring method must comply with international safety guidelines.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 03154710
Ante la situación nacional: Reflexiones y propuestas 2024-2030
Authors: Provencio Durezo Enrique , Cordera Campos Rolando , Cortés Cáceres Fernando Alberto , Carabias Lillo María Julia , Fuentes Alcalá Mario Luis , Arellano Almanza Saúl , Guillén López Tonatiuh , Cárdenas Batel Cuauhtémoc , Anguiano Roch Eugenio , Navarrete López Jorge Eduardo , Heredia Zubieta Carlos , Valadés Ríos Diego , Córdova Vianello Lorenzo , Guerrero Gutiérrez Eduardo , Lomelí Vanegas Leonardo , Cortés Cáceres Fernando  Alberto , Ávila Curiel Abelardo , Chenillo Alazraki Déborah , Meliá Huerta Juan , Alejandro Lévenson Martín , Vázquez Martín Eduardo , Samaniego Breach Norma , Schatán Pérez Claudia Esther , Escobar  Toledo Saúl , Suárez Dávila Francisco , Moreno-Brid Juan Carlos , Eibenschutz  Hartman Juan , Muñoz Villalobos José Manuel , Osorio  Romero Sergio Benito , Ruiz Alarcón Fluvio , Torres Flores Ramón Carlos , Villalobos Hiriart Alejandro , Dychter Poltolarek Aarón , de Oteyza  y Fernández José Andrés , Ruíz  Sacristán Carlos , Ruíz de Teresa Guillermo , Azuela  de la Cueva Antonio , Tudela Abad Fernando , Hernández Gamundi Félix , Bolívar  Villagómez Héctor , Fragoza Díaz Fernando , Villa y Guerrero Ramón , Grijalva Vega Paola , Azuela de la Cueva Antonio , Eibenschutz  Hartman Roberto , García Coll Julio , González  García de Alba Ligia , Graizbord Ed Boris Gregorio , Lavore Herrera Carlos Miguel , Ortíz Flores Enrique , Carrillo  Martínez Laura  Olivia , Chávez Muñoz Alfonso
Published: September 2024

El presente documento titulado “Ante la situación nacional: Reflexiones y propuestas 2024-2030”, corresponde a la integración de los textos base para la formulación de las Propuestas para los próximos años presentado por el Grupo Nuevo Curso de Desarrollo (GNCD), en el mes de septiembre del año 2023. Los documentos que aquí se presentan son un referente del trabajo sistemático del GNCD; el lector encontrará un ejercicio de análisis y elaboración de recomendaciones para el diseño de una estrategia nacional de desarrollo sostenible, equitativo e igualitario, ambiental y territorialmente sustentable.
Democracia y Estado de derecho
Authors: Valadés Ríos Diego
Published: September 2024

Al escenario electoral debe añadirse el que resulta de la inseguridad, la corrupción, la precaria vida institucional, la intolerancia expresada desde el poder, la desacreditación del ordenamiento jurídico y de las instituciones públicas, la inaplicación de las normas que regulan la contratación de obras y adquisiciones, cuya combinación produce un déficit progresivo de gobernabilidad, y la presunta intromisión política del crimen organizado. Todo esto no es causa del déficit de gobernabilidad sino consecuencia de rezagos acumulados. La concentración del poder se ha exacerbado, pero su fundamento está la Constitución misma.
Hacia una nueva política social del Estado Mexicano
Authors: Fuentes Alcalá Mario Luis
Published: September 2024

Las desigualdades, la pobreza y la marginación son tres grandes constantes a lo largo de la historia de México. Desde su origen como país independiente y hasta la segunda década del siglo xxi, hemos sido un país incapaz de lograr un quiebre sustantivo en las desigualdades y brechas sociales: en efecto, aún en 2020, prácticamente la mitad de la población vivía en condiciones de pobreza multidimensional, siendo las niñas y los niños, y particularmente quienes forman parte de pueblos originarios, quienes viven las peores condiciones de vida.
Los retos de la educación media superior y superior en México
Authors: Lomelí Vanegas Leonardo
Published: September 2024

La educación es uno de los grandes temas de la agenda nacional. Una de las mayores conquistas de la Revolución Mexicana fue reconocer explícitamente el derecho a la educación y asumir el compromiso del gobierno federal por garantizarlo. Aunque el camino no ha sido fácil y quedan muchos rezagos por cubrir, a partir de la creación de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, en 1921, se lograron avances importantes en la materia. Sin embargo, es indudable que, al día de hoy, el estado de la educación pública dista mucho de ser satisfactorio. Hay un problema de calidad en la educación básica y media básica, en donde la cobertura está garantizada o muy cercana a 100 %, en tanto que hay un problema tanto de cobertura como de calidad en la educación media superior y superior.
HIJACKING OF STATE POWER ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM BY COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Prianto Andi Luhur , Karimullah Suud Sarim , Idri Idri , Ibrahim Zumiyati Sanu , Nugraha Aat Ruchiat , Gönan Yavuz
Published: September 2024

This study aims to reveal the failure of the state to use its authority to ensure the fulfilment of religious freedom for all its citizens maximally and adequately because, in practice, the state sometimes takes refuge behind the slogan of neutrality when it sees the majority group committing violent practices against minority groups. This study uses a discourse analysis method with a phenomenological approach to understanding the meaning of various events and human interactions. Meanwhile, the data was collected through literature study, media study, and observation using content analysis and discourse analysis methods in processing the data. Then this research results in the finding that opening the state accommodation gap to the demands of the majority religious group will provide space for them to take advantage of the similarities in their religious ideology with state actors and then attempt to dictate state policy. The inability of the state to be neutral in solving the problems of its people, at the same time, has given rise to the impression that a handful of certain social classes have controlled the state. Even this research results also show that tendencies of intolerance and discrimination arise in the community.
EDUCATING CHILDREN IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: AN INSIGHT FROM MUSLIM FAMILIES
Authors: Mahmud Salami , Habiburrahim Habiburrahim , ZA Tabrani , Muchlinarwati Muchlinarwati , Fadli Fatmawati
Published: September 2024

Educating children in the 21st century is different from it was in the 20st century. Parents in this era face challenges because it is impossible for their children to be away from the Internet and social media. Children become asocial because of their addiction to gadgets and the Internet. However, from the Internet, they may learn different new things that allow them to get information faster than their parents do. Parents must certainly adapt to this change in educating their children so that they are not distracted by the negative effects of incorrect education caused by technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to promote some of the important knowledge that parents must have to educate their children in this century, aside from religious knowledge, as the primary foundation of upbringing in Muslim families. This research undertakes a thorough examination of scholarly work on Islamic education for children and contemporary studies on children's learning in the 21st century. After scrutinizing a range of literature, the researchers identified several pertinent references for this investigation. The results of this study elucidate that in order to effectively nurture their children in the contemporary era, parents are required to possess a profound understanding of Islamic principles alongside a continuous commitment to enhance their comprehension in diverse fields such as parenting techniques, information technology, psychology, and communication strategies.
Kaunos’tan Romalı Senatörlere Adanan Anıtlar
Authors: Çörtük Ufuk
Published: September 2024

İlk kez 1840 yılında lokalizasyonu yapılarak bilim dünyasına kazandırılan ve 1966 yılından bugüne kazı çalışmaları devam eden Kaunos Antik kenti, arkeolojik araştırmalara öncülük etmiş bir ören yeridir. Kaunos’un önemli buluntuları arasında bir grup var ki, kentin siyasal tarihine yön vermiş Romalı senatörlere adanmış anıtlardır. Kent içinde insan trafiğinin en yoğun olduğu Liman Agorası’nda ve Agora’nın hemen kuzey kenarını sınırlayan Apollon Kutsal Alanı’nda bugün için tespit edilen Romalı senatörlere ait 24 anıtdan, üçü bazı parçaları korunmuş eksedra, on altısı silindirik ve dikdörtgen formunda heykel kaidesi, biri ortostatlı atlı heykel kaidesi, üçü dikdörtgen blok ve biri de bir anıtın arşitrav bloğu şeklindedir. Pergamon’un vasiyet ile Roma’ya bırakılması ve MÖ 129 yılının başlarında yapılan düzenlemeye göre Karia Bölgesi’nin Roma’nın Asia Eyaleti idaresine bağlandığı dönemle birlikte Kaunos’ta Romalı yöneticilere ait ilk onurlandırma anıtlarını görmeye başlıyoruz. Kaunos, Roma’nın Asia Eyaleti’nin bir parçası olduğunu, onurlandırdığı Konsül, Praetor, Prokonsül, Praetor Designatus, Praefectus Classis ve Quaestorlara ait anıtlar ile göstermektedir. MS 43 yılında Roma İmparatoru Claudius tarafından oluşturulan Lykia Eyaleti, Vespasianus (MS 69-79) tarafından, Pamphylia eyaleti ile birleştirilerek Lykia-Pamphylia Eyaleti olarak tek bir eyalete dönüştürülmüştür. Bu birleşim, MS 70 yıllarında, Vespasianus’un, tahta çıkmasının hemen sonrasında yapılmış olmalıdır. MS 70’li yılların başlarıyla beraber Kaunos’ta, Lykia-Pamphylia Eyaleti Legatuslarının, pro praetorelerinin, Procuratorlarının onurlandırılmaya başladığını görmekteyiz. Bu anıtlar da, Kaunos’un, MS 70 yılında teşkil edilen Lykia-Pamphylia Eyaleti’nin bir kenti olduğunun en büyük delilleri olarak durmaktadır.
Correlation between Functionality and Quality of Life in Patients after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ceylan İsmail , Al-Jaddah Husham Abdulateef Salman , Al-Janabi Raed Qadri Khudhair
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relationship between early physical exercise and patients' functional ability and quality of life after cardiac surgery. A total of 100 patients, ages 18 to 65, 52 men and 48 women, took part in the early physical activity program following cardiac surgery from the first to the seventh postoperative day. The six-minute walk test (6MWT), short form-international physical activity questionnaire (SF-IPAQ), and short form-36 (SF-36) quality of life were used as outcome measures. Each test and questionnaire completed on the seventh day following cardiac surgery. According to statistical analysis, there was a statistically significant correlation (P<0.001) between the SF-IPAQ score and the 6MWT and SF-36. According to our findings, patients who had heart surgery reported higher levels of physical activity and better quality of life as well as increased functional ability.
Phytochemical Identification of Alkaloidic Compounds from Cinnamomum cassia Cortex and Estimation of their Antifungal Efficacy
Authors: Swadi Raneen Salim , Saqr Saud Khansaa , Matter Al-Maliki Abbas Dawwas
Published: September 2024

Cinnamomum caresia is defined as a medical and traditional plant grows in diverse countries in the world. It has therapeutic effects for treating various diseases resulting from infection by different microorganisms. In the current study, six alkaloids compounds were isolated and characterized from cinamom cortexes by using the GC-MS technique. The synergistic interaction was applied for the alkaloidic mixture against growth of two isolates of pathogenic fungi represented by Urocystis agropyri and Candida albicans by using the concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg/ml) which recorded diverse diameters of inhibition equal to 58, 66, 72, 74, and 78 mm and 68, 52, 70, 72, and 74 mm, respectively. As a result, these alkaloidic compounds are recommended for use as natural therapy for diseases caused by the current pathogenic fungi.