bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphism in melatonin receptor 1A and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and its impact on seasonal reproduction in Egyptian sheep breeds
Authors: Fathy Hager A. , Gouda Eman M. , Gafer Jehan A. , Galal Mona K. , Nowier Amira M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This study was carried out to detect polymorphisms in the melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) genes and their association with reproductive traits. Blood samples of 126 animals from three Egyptian sheep breeds were collected. DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using the RsaI and SmaI enzymes. Two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) for MTNR1A and for AA-NAT (A and G; GG, GA and AA) were detected. The alleles C and A and the genotypes CT and GA showed the highest frequencies for the MTNR1A and AA-NAT genes, respectively. Association analysis of the MTNR1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with ewe reproductive traits revealed significant associations in the Ossimi and Rahmani breeds with age at first lambing, and the C allele seemed to be the favorable allele. The results for the AA-NAT SNP demonstrated significant correlations in Ossimi with age at first lambing and litter size and in Rahmani with lambing interval; the G allele seemed to be the desirable allele. In the first conception season, ewes carrying CT exhibited a significantly lower age of first lambing in the unfavorable season. Additionally, GG ewes exhibited a significantly lower age of first lambing in the early favorable season, followed by the unfavorable season. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of these associations in Egyptian sheep breeds. In conclusion, the polymorphisms revealed in this study could be used as genetic markers to improve reproductive efficiency during the unfavorable season, and the obtained desirable genotypes could be considered in new genetic selection schemes.
Modeling organic aerosol concentrations and properties during winter 2014 in the northwestern Mediterranean region
Authors: Chrit Mounir , Sartelet Karine , Sciare Jean , Majdi Marwa , Nicolas José , Petit Jean-Eudes , Dulac François
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Organic aerosols are measured at a remote site (Ersa) on the cape of Corsica
in the northwestern Mediterranean basin during the winter campaign of 2014 of the CHemistry and AeRosols Mediterranean
EXperiment (CharMEx), when high organic
concentrations from anthropogenic origins are observed.
This work aims to represent the observed organic aerosol
concentrations and properties (oxidation state) using the
air-quality model Polyphemus with a surrogate approach for secondary organic
aerosol (SOA) formation.
Because intermediate and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/S-VOCs) are the main
precursors of SOAs at Ersa during winter 2014, different parameterizations
to represent the emission and aging of I/S-VOCs were implemented in the
chemistry-transport model of Polyphemus (different volatility distribution
emissions and single-step oxidation vs multi-step oxidation within a volatility basis set – VBS – framework, inclusion of non-traditional volatile organic
compounds – NTVOCs). Simulations using the different parameterizations are compared to
each other and to the measurements (concentration and oxidation state). The
highly observed organic concentrations are well reproduced in all the
parameterizations. They are slightly underestimated in most
parameterizations. The volatility distribution at emissions influences the concentrations more strongly than the choice of the parameterization that may
be used for aging (single-step oxidation vs multi-step oxidation), stressing
the importance of an accurate characterization of emissions. Assuming the
volatility distribution of sectors other than residential heating to be the
same as residential heating may lead to a strong underestimation of organic
concentrations. The observed organic oxidation and oxygenation states are
strongly underestimated in all simulations, even when multigenerational
aging of I/S-VOCs from all sectors is modeled. This suggests that
uncertainties in the emissions and aging of I/S-VOC emissions remain to be
elucidated, with a potential role of formation of organic nitrate and
low-volatility highly oxygenated organic molecules.
Chemical composition of isoprene SOA under acidic and non-acidic conditions: effect of relative humidity
Authors: Nestorowicz Klara , Jaoui Mohammed , Rudzinski Krzysztof Jan , Lewandowski Michael , Kleindienst Tadeusz E. , Spólnik Grzegorz , Danikiewicz Witold , Szmigielski Rafal
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The effect of acidity and relative humidity on bulk
isoprene aerosol parameters has been investigated in several studies;
however, few measurements have been conducted on individual aerosol
compounds. The focus of this study has been the examination of the effect of
acidity and relative humidity on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) chemical
composition from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxide
(NOx). A detailed characterization of SOA at the molecular level was also
investigated. Experiments were conducted in a 14.5 m3 smog chamber
operated in flow mode. Based on a detailed analysis of mass spectra obtained
from gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of silylated derivatives in
electron impact and chemical ionization modes, ultra-high performance
liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/time-of-flight high-resolution
mass spectrometry, and collision-induced dissociation in the negative
ionization modes, we characterized not only typical isoprene products but
also new oxygenated compounds. A series of nitroxy-organosulfates (NOSs) were
tentatively identified on the basis of high-resolution mass spectra. Under
acidic conditions, the major identified compounds include
2-methyltetrols (2MT), 2-methylglyceric acid (2mGA), and 2MT-OS. Other products identified
include epoxydiols, mono- and dicarboxylic acids, other organic sulfates,
and nitroxy- and nitrosoxy-OS. The contribution of SOA products from
isoprene oxidation to PM2.5 was investigated by analyzing ambient
aerosol collected at rural sites in Poland. Methyltetrols, 2mGA, and several
organosulfates and nitroxy-OS were detected in both the field and laboratory
samples. The influence of relative humidity on SOA formation was modest in
non-acidic-seed experiments and stronger under acidic seed aerosol. Total
secondary organic carbon decreased with increasing relative humidity under
both acidic and non-acidic conditions. While the yields of some of the
specific organic compounds decreased with increasing relative humidity,
others varied in an indeterminate manner from changes in the relative
humidity.
Biogeochemical evidence of anaerobic methane oxidation on active submarine mud volcanoes on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea
Authors: Lee Dong-Hun , Kim Jung-Hyun , Lee Yung Mi , Stadnitskaia Alina , Jin Young Keun , Niemann Helge , Kim Young-Gyun , Shin Kyung-Hoon
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this study, we report lipid biomarker patterns and phylogenetic identities
of key microbial communities mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM)
in active mud volcanoes (MVs) on the continental slope of the Canadian
Beaufort Sea. The carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of
sn-2- and sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol showed the highly
13C-depleted values (−114 ‰ to −82 ‰)
associated with a steep depletion in sulfate concentrations within 0.7 m of
sediment depths. This suggested the presence of methanotrophic archaea
involved in sulfate-dependent AOM, albeit in a small amount. The ratio of
sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol to archaeol (> 1) and operational
taxonomic units (OTUs) indicated that the anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) clades ANME-2c and ANME-3
were involved in AOM. Higher δ13C values of archaeol
and biphytanes (BPs; -55.2±10.0 ‰ and -39.3±13.0 ‰, respectively) suggested that archaeal communities were also
assimilating AOM-derived inorganic carbon. Furthermore, the distinct
distribution patterns of methanotrophs in the three MVs appears to be
associated with varying intensities of ascending gas fluids. Consequently,
our results suggest that the niche diversification of active mud volcanoes
has shaped distinct archaeal communities that play important roles in AOM in
the Beaufort Sea.
Capturing the built environment-travel interaction for strategic planning: Development of a multimodal travel module for the Regional Strategic Planning Model (RSPM)
Authors: Wang Liming , Gregor Brian , Yang Huajie , Weidner Tara , Knudson Tony
Published: December 2018

Integrated land use and transportation models have evolved along a spectrum from simple sketch planning models to complex microsimulation models. While each has its niche, they are largely unable to balance the flexibility and realism of microsimulation and the speed and interactivity of simple models. The Regional Strategic Planning Model (RSPM) aims to fill this gap by taking a microsimulation approach while making other simplifications in order to model first-order effects quickly. It enables planners to consider the robustness of prospective policies in the face of future uncertainties by accepting a broad range of inputs and allowing rapid simulations of many scenarios.

This paper introduces the RSPM and shows how new land use and multimodal transportation sensitivities have been incorporated through the conversion to the new VisionEval open-source framework. Land use and transportation interactions in the RSPM are reviewed, and the development of a new multimodal travel demand module with improved land use sensitivities is highlighted. The use of a unique nationwide dataset combining the 2009 NHTS, EPA’s Smart Location Database, and metropolitan transit and roadway data is explained. The paper concludes with the results of validation and sensitivity tests, and a discussion of future work.
How minimum parking requirements make housing more expensive
Authors: Lehe Lewis
Published: December 2018

A growing consensus argues that minimum parking requirements (MPRs) make housing more expensive. This paper examines two claims from this discussion: (1) that MPRs discourage the construction of small units; (2) that the costs of building required parking are "passed on" to buyers and renters in the form of higher prices and rents. However, the mechanisms behind these two effects have never been made explicit in the literature. This paper proposes, for each claim, a plausible mechanism relying on the specific choices of housing suppliers and consumers. We propose that MPRs discourage small units because they eliminate the most profitable floorspace/parking bundle to supply to relatively lower-income households. We propose that parking costs may be passed on by reducing the supply of housing on offer at a given price.
Los retratos indígenas de Jean-Baptiste Vaudry (Chaco boliviano, 1902- 1904)
Authors: Combès Isabelle
Published: December 2018

Miembro de la comisión boliviana de límites con la Argentina en 1902-1904, el ingeniero francés Jean-Baptiste Vaudry sacó un centenar de fotografías de las poblaciones criollas e indígenas que visitó. Se presenta aquí esta colección fotográfica así como notas inéditas del autor sobre los indígenas de la región. Aunque influenciada en parte por las representaciones imperantes entre los criollos de la “frontera chaqueña”, la imagen que sus fotografías y textos arrojan del Chaco boliviano también se desmarca de ellas y nos ofrece, en definitiva, un retrato abigarrado probablemente mucho más cercano a la realidad que el de otros viajeros de su tiempo.
Disputas territoriais e o financiamento da empresa missionária jesuítica na Amazônia espanhola
Authors: Lopes de Carvalho Francismar Alex
Published: December 2018

Este artigo analisa as formas por meio das quais os jesuítas obtinham recursos materiais e humanos para as missões que empreenderam na Amazônia espanhola. Entre 1638 e 1767, os inacianos estiveram a cargo das reduções de Maynas, localizadas nas franjas orientais da Audiência de Quito. Nessas missões, não lograram os religiosos instalar um sistema produtivo viável, de modo que suas atividades foram, em grande medida, financiadas com donativos de particulares, recursos transferidos de colégios próximos e remessas das tesourarias reais, que somente foram regularizadas a partir de 1716. Entender por que os jesuítas tardaram tanto tempo em obter um auxílio permanente da Real Hacienda e de que maneira conseguiram convencer o Consejo de Indias é o objetivo principal deste trabalho. O recrutamento e a manutenção do pessoal missionário terão dependido do jogo de forças entre interesses econômicos locais, a atuação dos procuradores da Companhia de Jesus ante o Consejo de Indias e a estratégia defensiva de Madrid diante do avanço territorial dos portugueses.
El enviado del imperio entre nosotros: la visita del secretario de Estado Philander Chase Knox a Costa Rica (1912)
Authors: Cascante Segura Carlos Humberto
Published: December 2018

El artículo analiza los elementos contextuales y las implicaciones de la visita del secretario de Estado de los Estados Unidos Philander C. Knox a Costa Rica en 1912. El objetivo fundamental de este análisis consiste en comprender los propósitos de las autoridades costarricenses durante la estadía de Knox y su comitiva en el país: así como las percepciones reciprocas existentes tanto en Costa Rica y como en las autoridades gubernamentales de los Estados Unidos durante esos años. La evidencia existente demuestra que pese a existir en Costa Rica animadversión a la política estadounidense del momento, esta no condicionó la actuación de las elites políticas que preferían seguir una política pragmática; asimismo, la puesta en escena permitió consolidar en la visión de las autoridades estadounidenses la idea de la excepcionalidad costarricense en la región.
Radiografía de una transición. México y la democratización de España en 1977
Authors: Sola Ayape Carlos
Published: December 2018

Tras el 40 aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones bilaterales entre México y España, acaecido en París el 28 de marzo de 1977, el objetivo del presente artículo es presentar y analizar las valoraciones del México del presidente José López-Portillo sobre la transición democrática española en 1977, un año especialmente clave no sólo para la democratización de España, sino para la normalización definitiva del vínculo diplomático hispano-mexicano, después de permanecer 40 años condicionado por las consecuencias de la Guerra Civil española.
The Boundaries of Gestalt Therapy and the Limits of Our Imagination: Hermann Schmitz's Adolf Hitler in History and “New Phenomenology”
Authors: Amendt-Lyon Nancy
Published: December 2018

The author looks into the attempts to treat the theory of “New Phenomenology” as an essential part of, or as at least an improvement to, Gestalt therapy theory. Herman Schmitz's concepts are compared with core concepts of Gestalt therapy theory and found to be incompatible with them. The author advocates the further development of Gestalt therapy theory by employing the concepts inherent to the method. “New Phenomenology” and Schmitz's (1999) book, Adolf Hitler in History, are interchangeably figure and background for each other. Schmitz's philosophical opus must be read together with his alarming views on Hitler, since they are inextricably intertwined.
Beyoncé and the Frump: Cover-Versioning in Dance
Authors: Manley Pauline
Published: December 2018

Is copying unavoidable? Is it an inherent element of creativity? When is imitation appropriate? Justifiable? Beneficial? Welcomed? What actually gets copied? Form? Intention? Aesthetics? Concepts? What about energy? Can you copy that? What about cultural appropriation or the powerful plundering the disenfranchised? These questions all bubbled up during a creative process inspired by Krumping. To discuss these questions further, the author revisits an incident that caused a mini-furor. Beyoncé Knowles was accused of plagiarizing sections of Rosas danst Rosas, an avant-garde contemporary dance by Anna Teresa De Keersmaeker. Subsequent media discussions were filled with side-taking, indignance, and justification. But what did these two women do? What did their narrative reveal about dance, about fields of practice, about intentions, protocols, permissions, silences, acknowledgements, ethics, race relations, and feminism? The complexity of these questions creates a spinning disco ball of perspectives.
Selective Historical Precedents in Appropriation as Cover Version
Authors: Takasaka Masato
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on selective historical precedents in appropriation as cover version that highlight how difference is produced through repetition in the visual arts. The article focuses on three historical periods. The first examples emanate from the 1930s: Marcel Duchamp’s Boîte-en-valise and Kurt Schwitters’s Merzbau. The second period is the 1980s and looks at appropriation in North American art. I draw on the writings of Douglas Crimp, who contrasts the appropriation of style to the appropriation of material, and the writings of John C. Welchman, who contrasts the work of Sherrie Levine and Richard Prince from the 1980s to that of Mike Kelley from the 1990s. Third, I consider the interpretation of appropriation in Australian art in the 1980s and 1990s, drawing on the writings of Rex Butler. This article provides a context for considering appropriation as cover version, in general and specifically in relation to visual arts practice.
Next Door to Nirvana: Neighboring States and the Utopian Border Paradox
Authors: Santesso Aaron
Published: December 2018

The presence of neighboring nations has always posed a problem for utopian states. Wouldn't those nations naturally fear or envy their utopian neighbors? If they do not, why not? Should non-utopian neighbors be ignored, tolerated, or assimilated? This article looks at the various paradoxes associated with utopian borders and neighbors and compares the solutions proposed by utopian theorists and authors of utopian fiction with the work being done in the field of “border theory,” which seeks to redefine the relationship between states with asymmetrical power relationships.
Esquemas de aprendizaje: dimensiones que contribuyen a su formación
Authors: Escobar Soriano Álvaro
Published: December 2018

Para estudiar los esquemas de aprendizaje humanos es relevante comprender qué se entiende por realidad. Estos esquemas son procedimientos mentales, cuyo funcionamiento depende de la concepción cultural de realidad que tenga un individuo perteneciente a una sociedad, pero a la vez, está en contacto con otras sociedades. Por ello, el espacio y el tiempo son aspectos importantes e imprescindibles de abordar para comprenderlos. Finalmente, la acción, concepto cargado con un amplio abanico de posibilidades de uso en los diferentes campos del conocimiento, presenta una serie de consideraciones teóricas válidas para comprender la teoría de los esquemas de aprendizaje, que se forman a partir de la acción deliberada de un sujeto-agente que aprehende la realidad que lo rodea, en un espacio-tiempo determinado.
Conceito de bibliografia, ou conceitos de bibliografia?
Authors: Lara Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Bibliografia é um termo polissêmico que nomeia produtos, atividades e campo disciplinar. Suas inúmeras facetas não conduzem necessariamente a um conceito único e consensual.  Objetivos: Procuramos discutir o conceito de bibliografia examinando as origens do trabalho bibliográfico, as relações entre o termo, o conceito e suas definições ao longo do tempo, sua tipologia e função de mediação, e as reflexões sobre a constituição de um campo disciplinar autônomo.  Metodologia: Tem como base o levantamento bibliográfico, a comparação das reflexões e a tentativa de construir uma breve sistematização.  Resultados: Embora exista variação denominativa e conceitual, há relativo consenso sobre o conceito de bibliografia cujo significado nuclear gira em torno dos repertórios de livros e, mais recentemente, de documentos em geral. São enfatizados aspectos técnicos das práticas bibliotecárias, como também livreiras, aspectos comunicacionais, socioculturais e historiográficos. Algumas propostas de reivindicação da autonomia do campo argumentam a favor bibliografia como disciplina matriz a partir da qual se organizam outras disciplinas correlatas.  Conclusões: A bibliografia é um mecanismo especial de memória secundária cujo princípio básico se mantém apesar das tecnologias. Caracteriza-se pela produção de listas organizadas sob diferentes arranjos e pela proposta de metodologias de descrição. A emergência de um modelo pós-moderno de ciência coloca em questão a propriedade da demanda de um campo autônomo quando se prioriza o enfoque de universos temáticos à luz de óticas inter e transdisciplinares.
A utilização dos recursos tecnológicos na gestão documental: uma análise do SIPAC-UFPB
Authors: Arantes Giselle Moura , Araújo Claudialyne Da Silva , Bezerra Ivanilda Cavalcanti , Silva Edcleyton Bruno Fernandes da , Silva Luiz Eduardo Ferreira da
Published: December 2018

Introdução: A gestão nas instituições públicas está vinculada ao objetivo de atingir a satisfação do cidadão, uma vez que o Estado tem como finalidade de seus atos o interesse público. Objetivo: Analisar as mudanças proporcionadas pela implementação dos Sistemas de Informação na gestão de documentos no setor do Protocolo Geral da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Metodologia: A pesquisa tem natureza descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, onde foram aplicados questionários com os técnicos/servidores administrativos que trabalhavam no setor. Resultados: A rigor, descrevemos e analisamos algumas das funcionalidades do SIG, com ênfase no módulo protocolo do SIPAC, nas atividades-meio (administrativas) sem deixar de avaliar o desenvolvimento da gestão documental. A pesquisa ressalta a dinâmica de acesso e uso das informações produzidas, da abertura dos processos à gestão documental, considerando o curso das mudanças tecnológicas nos procedimentos, desde o uso de fichas para a representação da informação e a tramitação de processos administrativos, que eram exclusivamente em suporte de papel, até a implementação do Sistema Integrado de Patrimônio, Administração e Contratos, em 2013, a qual possibilitou a descentralização e o acesso mais amplo aos procedimentos administrativos. Conclusões: Identificamos a otimização dos serviços reconfigurados com o sistema híbrido – eletrônico/papel –, como também melhorias no processo de gestão da informação.
El trabajo en tiempos de ciudadanía erosionada: la percepción de las clases medias urbanas
Authors: Martín Pérez Alberto , Gutiérrez Sastre Marta
Published: December 2018

Este artículo estudia los discursos sobre las transformaciones del trabajo en un contexto de erosión de la ciudadanía intensificada durante la crisis de la última década. Los discursos se han producido dentro de una serie de grupos de discusión integrados por diversos perfiles de individuos de clase media urbana. El análisis se centra en la valoración del cambio en la institución social del trabajo, en relación con otras cuestiones de integración social, como el vínculo entre los ciudadanos y el estado de bienestar y las dimensiones morales atribuidas a las formas actuales de participación social. Los resultados reflejan una percepción común de la situación como un cambio irreversible en las formas de hacer y vivir en sociedad. La crisis no se valora solo como un tiempo de pérdida puntual de empleo y de inestabilidad cíclica, sino como un estadio inicial de una nueva realidad guiada por la incertidumbre, la precariedad y la flexibilidad laboral, generalmente asumidas como parte de cambios definitivos en nuestro modelo de sociedad.
La gestión de la diversidad lingüística en la empresa: un análisis comparativo de estudios de caso en Barcelona
Authors: Godino Alejandro , Martín Antonio , Molina Oscar
Published: December 2018

La diversidad lingüística en el entorno de trabajo se ha convertido en un desafío clave para las relaciones laborales en Europa como resultado de la interacción cada vez más frecuente entre trabajadores de diferentes países debido a los flujos migratorios. Barcelona es un buen ejemplo de estos escenarios, donde se presentan cotidianamente interacciones entre trabajadores locales y migrantes (tanto europeos como extracomunitarios), con el añadido de la existencia de dos lenguas oficiales. Desarrollamos un análisis de estudios de caso (considerando variables como el ámbito sectorial, el grado de cualificación, el papel de los sindicatos, el tamaño y tipo de empresa así como el porcentaje de migrantes y el nivel de feminización) para analizar los condicionantes de la diversa gestión de la diversidad lingüística en la empresa y sus consecuencias sobre las relaciones laborales.
Clase, precariedad y ejército global de reserva en el capitalismo flexible. algunas consideraciones en perspectiva histórica
Authors: Babiano José , Tébar Javier
Published: December 2018

El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar en clave histórica sobre la naturaleza y características de las nuevas formas laborales. En un primer apartado presentamos los rasgos generales de los procesos asociados a la denominada hoy “economía de plataforma” y a las nuevas figuras de trabajo atípico que ésta ha generado. Posteriormente, se abordan algunos de los problemas básicos que ha suscitado la noción “precariedad” en los debates recientes sobre trabajo, empleo y estructura de clases. El tercer apartado se centra en las regularidades que en perspectiva histórica permiten construir un marco de análisis a partir de una doble dinámica, de inclusión y de ruptura, a través de la que se ha construido históricamente la clase obrera como identidad colectiva.
Control tecnológico de la prestación laboral y derecho a la desconexión: claves teóricas y prácticas
Authors: Purcalla Bonilla Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

La utilización de la tecnología “digital” en la relación laboral ya no es algo ocasional o esporádico, sino diario y en todo tipo de actividades. La concreción de los límites en el control del uso por los empleados de los instrumentos facilitados por la empresa y el derecho a la desconexión digital de aquellos fuera de su jornada laboral, constituyen, en clave normativa y judicial, el tema abordado en estas páginas, que se cierran con una serie de propuestas concretas para la mejora de la situación actual.
Representación de los trabajadores en la empresa digital
Authors: Pastor Martínez Alberto
Published: December 2018

El presente trabajo pretende destacar los desajustes que presenta la aplicación del modelo legal vigente de representación de los trabajadores a unos modelos organizativos empresariales caracterizados, en muchos casos, por la intensificación de los procesos de atomización de los centros de trabajo o, incluso, por la deslocalización física de los trabajadores. El trabajo, en orden a garantizar, en estos nuevos contextos, el ejercicio de los derechos de libertad sindical y de participación y representación de los trabajadores, realiza algunas propuestas para aplicar la normativa prevista para el trabajo a distancia, dotar de mayor capacidad a la negociación colectiva para definir el ámbito de constitución de los órganos de representación unitaria y potenciar los derechos de información sindical en este tipo de empresas.
Crowdsourcing: una modalidad jurídicamente inviable de externalización productiva en el nuevo entorno digital
Authors: Ginès i Fabrellas Anna
Published: December 2018

En el entorno digital ha aparecido una nueva modalidad de externalización productiva denominada crowdsourcing. Existen numerosas empresas o plataformas digitales que gracias a las nuevas tecnologías emplean esta modalidad de subcontratación basada en la división del trabajo en micro tareas, la descentralización del servicio hacia un gran número de trabajadores autónomos contratados a demanda por cada pedido, provocando, así, una huida del Derecho del Trabajo. En este contexto, el objeto del presente artículo es analizar esta nueva modalidad de externalización de la producción de crowdsourcing, a fin de determinar si constituye una forma lícita de descentralización productiva.
Ocupación y economía social durante la última década (2007-2017)
Authors: García Calavia Miguel Ángel , Montalbán Moya Rosana
Published: December 2018

En el presente artículo, se analiza la evolución del empleo en la economía social desde los años previos a la crisis (2008-2014) y, especialmente, su calidad. Las hipótesis que guían el análisis son dos. En primer lugar, que la economía social ha desempeñado un importante papel, primero, en la generación de empleo, luego, en su conservación durante la crisis. En segundo lugar, que en la economía social coexisten condiciones laborales diversas, de modo que las de algunas entidades y las de algunas actividades productivas no siempre responden a los estándares de calidad. Las fuentes básicas de información son secundarias. También, se han efectuado entrevistas en profundidad a personas responsables de cooperativas. El examen ha evidenciado que la crisis ha afectado al empleo, aunque las cooperativas lo han vuelto a generar con fuerza desde 2014. Asimismo, una heterogeneidad de condiciones entre las entidades de la economía social de modo que, en algunas, no siempre responden a los estándares de calidad. Ahora bien, los entrevistados expresan satisfacción con el trabajo asociado.
Profesionales independientes en la era digital: ¿el futuro del precariado?
Authors: Martín-Artiles Antonio , Godino Alejandro , Molina Oscar
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las condiciones de trabajo de los trabajadores profesionales independientes (I-Pross) en España e Italia. Esta investigación se ha desarrollado a través del análisis comparado de fuentes estadísticas oficiales en ambos países, la explotación de un cuestionario lanzado a estos profesionales y estudios de casos centrados en las organizaciones que representan a estos profesionales. El crecimiento de los I-Pros (trabajadores autónomos cualificados, pero con condiciones de trabajo precarias; con una gran incertidumbre en los ingresos, en la carga de trabajo y en su protección social) nos pone de relieve la tendencia hacia una depauperación relativa de un segmento importante de las clases medias. En este sentido, las políticas de descentralización, subcontratación y de incentivación del emprendimiento parecen pronosticar un vaciamiento o reducción de las clases medias: una tendencia a la pérdida de su independencia profesional real y su subordinación a la incertidumbre y a la re-mercantilización del trabajo o comodificación, entendiéndola como escenario progresivamente más común dentro del precariado.
Call center en México: dinámicas del trabajo y el empleo
Authors: Hualde Alfredo , Micheli Jordy
Published: December 2018

Desde la década de los noventa el empleo en los call center en México supone una fuente de trabajo para jóvenes con bachillerato o estudios universitarios en las principales ciudades mexicanas. En este trabajo damos cuenta de una relativa diversidad de la mano de obra y de las características de la precariedad en un sector adscrito a la economía formal en donde, sin embargo, se han documentado prácticas laborales irregulares o al margen de la legalidad. A pesar de lo anterior, en un contexto de mercados laborales precarios, los call center aparecen como un “refugio” para ciertos jóvenes, para profesionales que han sufrido despidos y para emigrantes mexicanos deportados de Estados Unidos.
Trabajadores all-included: flexibilidad, devaluación y precariedad en el modelo español de superación de la crisis
Authors: García Nogueroles Juan Miguel
Published: December 2018

Aunque a partir de la valoración de algunos datos hay quien dice que la crisis económica ya ha terminado, la realidad es que hay indicadores que señalan que esta superación, si es que se ha producido, ha sido a costa de una serie de trabajadores precarios y precarizados. El modelo de empleo con el que se sale de la crisis abunda en el establecimiento de un colectivo de trabajadores vulnerables, llamados trabajadores all-included porque tienen escasas oportunidades de negociar sus condiciones de trabajo. El artículo trata de mostrar algunas evidencias que hablan de la degradación de las condiciones de trabajo, así como otras que permitan establecer la relación entre el modelo de empleo, las nuevas clases trabajadoras y la precariedad, flexibilización y devaluación salarial que sufren.
维基百科，一个颠覆性的翻译环境：对伊斯坦布尔争论的分析
Authors: Jones Henry
Published: December 2018

本文以维基百科上关于伊斯坦布尔的英文文章为例，进行了案例研究。随着关于该城市名称的激烈讨论，维基百科数字地理学对在线翻译产生了重要的影响。
接受翻译培训中的信息变革：模拟翻译教室沉浸式技术的应用
Authors: Buysschaert Joost , Fernández-Parra María , Kerremans Koen , Koponen Maarit , Van Egdom Gys-Walt
Published: December 2018

本文的目的是演示“模拟翻译教室”的整体方法如何让翻译专业的学生熟悉新的工作方式和技能，将曾经需要在单独的课程中学习的各种新技术整合起来学习。
Caracterización de los usuarios en los dispositivos de diagnóstico dual: conducta adaptativa y psicopatología
Authors: Guevara Cuesta Eduardo , Escudero López David , Muñoz García Juan Jesús , Reguilón Liébana Jonás
Published: December 2018

En los últimos años, fruto del trabajo de diferentes entidades para aumentar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual, ha aumentado la conciencia de las administraciones acerca de las necesidades de atención de esta población en materia de salud mental. Así, desde el año 2005 han surgido centros específicos que atienden a personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) ligera o inteligencia límite con trastornos de conducta y/o enfermedad mental asociados. Sin embargo, apenas existían datos sobre el perfil de personas atendidas, más allá de las amplias etiquetas de DI ligera/límite y alteraciones de conducta. Se realizó una recogida de datos sistemática de numerosas variables en tres centros duales (DI y graves trastornos de conducta): dos centros de día y un entorno residencial, obteniendo información de 122 personas de entre 18 y 40 años que han ocupado plaza en estos dispositivos entre 2006 y 2013. Los resultados ofrecen una visión global del perfil de usuarios ingresados, así como de las características psicopatológicas y necesidades de apoyo que presentan.
La investigación social en la esfera de la discapacidad: realidad y tendencias
Authors: Díaz Velázquez Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Díaz Velázquez, E. (2018): “La investigación social en la esfera de la discapacidad: realidad y tendencias”. Revista Española de Discapacidad, 6 (II): 191-203.
Oriental brassica vegetables – alternatives for a higher intake of health-promoting substances
Authors: Kopta Tomáš , Jurica Miloš , Pokluda Robert
Published: December 2018

Brassica vegetables are one of the most important groups of vegetables in terms of their nutritional composition. The aim of this work was to evaluate the lesser known Asian species from the family Brassicaceae cultivated in the conditions of the Czech Republic and to carry out a comparison with cabbage as a reference species. For the evaluation, two species of Chinese broccoli, two cultivars of Chinese cabbage (‘Dwarf milk cabbage’ and improved ‘Tahtsai’) and mizuna were selected. Among the properties evaluated were dry matter production, crude fiber content, vitamin C, carotenoids, TAC, flavonoids, phenols, and mineral composition (K, Na, Ca, and Mg). The highest contents of vitamin C were found in mizuna and the lowest in Chinese Cabbage 2. In comparison to the reference species, the majority of the properties of Chinese cabbage had higher values in comparison to traditional cabbage (range: 101–577%). Positive results were also found for mizuna. The worst brassica was Chinese Cabbage 2 in which the majority of the properties measured were lower in comparison to traditional cabbage.
Pro-health education in the fight against obesity and its
complications in school-age children – 6-month programme
of cooperation with the child and parents
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Jankowicz-Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The dynamic development of society affects the health of the population. We often
address civilization-related diseases affecting increasingly younger people. The lack of both
a balanced diet and physical activity leads to hypertension and obesity. These diseases have a
number of serious consequences. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the influence of an
educational programme on the arterial pressure and body weight status of children between 10
and 12 years of age.
Material and methods: The study (education program) involved 60 primary school pupils in
grades 4-6, including 40 boys and 20 girls whose BMI and arterial blood pressure values differed,
higher from the standard norms. Anthropometric measurements were made, i.e., height,
body weight, blood pressure and blood biochemical tests. Then, the pupils were taken care of
by a dietician and a trainer.
Results: The problem is the small number of fruits and vegetables in the children’s diet, which
is far below the recommended standards. In the study group, nearly 12% of the children had
elevated TSH levels. Physical activity of the participants was low and was mostly limited to
compulsory physical education lessons. According to the surveys carried out the girls were
physically active much less frequently than the boys.
Conclusions: The increase in the BMI index results in increased systolic pressure in children.
An increase in TSH increases the value of diastolic pressure in 10- to 12-year-olds. Children eat
too few fruits and vegetables per week compared to the established standards. The implementation
of an educational programme in nutrition and physical activity affects the reduction of
BMI in children with excess body weight.
On the Need for Individualisation in Physical Education
Authors: Węglarz Józef
Published: December 2018

Individualisation in the process of physical education is a contemporary challenge. The forms
of conducting classes used so far, based on collective, most often homogeneous effort without
taking into account the diverse abilities of students, do not stand the test of time. This may cause
problems, mainly in terms of behaviour, as the student’s rights at school have been strengthened
and his/her dissatisfaction with the programme has an impact on the course of the didactic process.
It is necessary to think in advance about possible manifestations of such reluctance or lack
of acceptance of the proposed offer so that the authority of the school does not suffer and the
pupils are satisfied that the offer meets their expectations. This will be possible when the curriculum
of physical education takes into account, more than before, the needs of the individual.
RISK PREFERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA SYNDROME IS MODULATED BY THE GAIN OR LOSS CONTEXT
Authors: Daurat Agnès , Bret-Dibat Jean-Luc , El Yagoubi Radouane
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study was to assess the propensity for risk taking among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome by means of a single-outcome gambling task that involved actual monetary losses and gains.

We recruited 23 patients and 17 controls matched for sex, age and education. To explore the influence of previous outcomes on risky behaviour, we calculated the proportion of risky choices following sequences of one, two or three consecutive gains or losses.

Patients with OSAS made significantly more risky choices than the controls. However, like the controls, they made more risky choices after two and three losses than after one, and fewer risky choices after two and three gains than after one. Their level of impulsivity did not differ from that of the controls.

Our results show that OSAS induces a shift towards risk preference, but the ability to fully monitor and control ongoing behaviour remains intact.
What, how, Who: Developing Mathematical Discourse
Authors: Buchheister Kelley , Jackson Christa , Taylor Cynthia E.
Published: December 2018

A collaborative classroom, an open-ended problem, and a what-how-who structure can build students' reasoning skills and allow teachers to recognize all classroom contributions.
„It’s the economy, stupid!“ – eller „Crisis? What Crisis?“
Authors: Goul Andersen Jørgen
Published: December 2018

To what extent was the government blamed for the economic crisis of 2008-2009, and to what extent did it displace other issues from the agenda of Danish voters? e decline in GDP in Denmark was among the most serious in the world but most voters underestimated its depth. Using the theory of economic voting and quantitative data, it is shown that the crisis had surprisingly little impact. It is indicated that lack of media attention and of politicisation of the responsibility for the crisis played a major role.
Politik og værdipolitik
Authors: Politik Redaktionen
Published: December 2018

Interview: Henrik Gade Jensen, CEPOS og Jens Jonatan Steen, CEVEA
„Public sentiment is everything“: Britiske og danske avisers dækning af krigen i Afghanistan og indflydelsen på den offentlige opinion
Authors: Høgsbro Larsen Søren
Published: December 2018

A majority of respondents in every public survey in Great Britain from 2006 to 2009 has consistently been opposed to the war in Afghanistan, while in Denmark there has been widespread support for the war. In this article, it is analyzed which differences there are between Danish and British newspapers in their coverage of Afghanistan and which significance these differences can have for public opinion on the war. With a theoretical grounding in social constructivism and media theories, a generally applicable analytical framework is developed, integrating the concepts of framing and agenda-setting. Analyzing 221 articles from August 2009, it is concluded that there are major differences between British and Danish coverage, which can have contributed to the differences in public opinion. A greater focus on own casualties and the government’s responsibility is evident in British newspapers. Furthermore, it is concluded that the British coverage to some degree has been institutionalised.
Kommunalreformens betydning for den kommunale valgdeltagelse
Authors: Bhatti Yosef , Hansen Kasper Møller
Published: December 2018

What is the impact of the Danish municipal reform on turnout at the municipal elections? In the reform 275 municipalities merged into only 98, and there was thus widespread concern that turnout would be depressed as the average municipal population size increased. This concern seemed even more important after turnout dropped about 4 percentage points in the second election following the reform. We find a strong partial correlation between municipal population size and turnout. An individual level regression indicates that after the reform, the amalgamating municipalities had a lower turnout than their non-amalgamating peers. A dynamic regression fails to show any impact of the reform from 1997 to 2009. Nevertheless, an intriguing pattern is found, as the effect of the amalgamation municipalities actually seems to have raised their turnout in the first election following the reform, while it was depressed in the subsequent election. Finally, we argue that should the municipal reform might have had some impact, it is not likely the sole explanation for the dramatic decline in turnout from 2005 to 2009.
Skolelukninger i Kommunalreformens skygge? En analyse af Kommunalreformens policy-konsekvenser
Authors: Bækgaard Martin
Published: December 2018

The article explores the e ects of the 2007 amalgamations of Danish municipalities on the policy area of public schools. Proponents of the municipal amalgamations argued that new municipalities, due to economies of scale, would be able to harvest economic gains by closing some of their existing schools in order to create bigger and more efficient units. Based on a data set containing information about all public schools in the school year 2005/2006, and whether they still existed in the school year 2008/2009, the analyses show that the reform did not have the intended effects as the number of school closures increased less in the new municipalities than in those municipalities that were left unchanged. The findings suggest that the municipal amalgamations introduced a geographical cleavage in new municipalities and that this cleavage has made it more diffcult to close public schools, as closures would cause considerable conflict.
Den finske folkeskole er med PISA 2009 fortsat blandt verdens bedste – hvad er det, der virker?
Authors: Andersen Frans Ørsted
Published: December 2018

The article compares Denmark and Finland in order to understand the differences between the relative successes of their school systems. In OECD’s PISA studies, Finnish students repeatedly achieve the highest Nordic scores in reading, science and math, while Danish students score lower. Even though Denmark has one of the world’s most expensive educational systems, the Finnish school system is the World’s best both in terms of quality and equity. The difference between the two national systems mainly rests with differences in how much they are able to raise the level of the 25 percent weakest learners. There is a number of classroom related reasons why the Finnish school system produces a better outcome for the weakest learners. The article underlines the need to focus more on good classroom management and better basic teacher training in Denmark. It also suggests the need for increased knowledge about inclusive classroom practices and the use of teaching assistants.
Europæisk afhængighed af russisk gas – Har vi noget at frygte?
Authors: Nygård Jakob Riiskjær , Rasmussen Søren Mollerup
Published: December 2018

The Russo-Ukranian gas dispute of 2009 has sent ripples through European energy policy debates. Does dependence on Russian gas represent a threat to European energy security via politically motivated supply interruptions? Or was the conflict simply a dispute over the right price of a good?This paper represents a contribution to this debate. Rather than focusing on the outcomes of or motives behind the conflict, we conduct a neoclassical realist analysis of Russian foreign energy policy in order to assess Russia’s ability to use gas as a political instrument of coercion. Our analysis will show that structural conditions promote an increasing emphasis on gas. Furthermore we will show that this shift translates into Russian foreign policy elite consensus about using gas as a foreign policy instrument, and that this consensus is facilitated by an increase in state cohesion since Vladimir Putin assumed the offce of president in 2000.
Forandrer Facebook partiernes forhold til vælgerne?
Authors: Højholt Lars Duvander , Kosiara-Pedersen Karina
Published: December 2018

To what extent have Danish parties and party leadership created new relationship with the electorate by applying relationship marketing via Facebook? Are parties using Facebook? If yes, what characterizes the interaction between party leadership and electorate on Facebook? Danish MPs apply Facebook but the ap- plication seems to be more personally than politically motivated. Only a quarter of the MPs have a site that is electorally adequate. All party leaders have sites but their level of activity varies. Interaction takes place but mainly among friends and fans; not including the party leadership. When parties encourage the electorate to ‘follow us on Facebook’ this is the correct wording; it is not an invitation to dialogue. But party leaders may contribute towards political dialogue if they want, as party leaders seeking dialogue get it.