bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Mediates Mechanical Allodynia Through Modulating Inflammatory Response via the TREM2-autophagy Axis in SNI Rat Model
Authors: Wang Yaping , Shi Yu , Huang Yongquan , Liu Wei , Cai Guiyuan , Huang Shimin , Zeng Yanyan , Zhan Hongrui , Wu Wen
Published: June 2020

Background
Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is a chronic and challenging clinical problem, with little effective treatment. Resveratrol has shown neuroprotection by inhibiting inflammatory response in NeuP. Recently, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expressed by microglia was identified as a critical factor of inflammation in nervous system diseases. In this study, we explored whether resveratrol could ameliorate neuroinflammation and produce anti-mechanical allodynia effects via regulating TREM2 in spared nerve injury rats, as well as investigated the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
A spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model was performed to investigate whether resveratrol could exert anti-mechanism allodynia effects via inhibiting neuroinflammation. To evaluate the role of TREM2 in anti-neuroinflammatory function of resveratrol, Lentivirus coding TREM2 was intrathecal injected into SNI rats to activate TREM2 and the pain behavior was detected by the Von Frey test. Furthermore, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) was performed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated anti-neuroinflammation using Western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescence.
Results
The TREM2 expression and number of the microglial cell was significantly increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn after SNI. We found that intrathecal administration of resveratrol (300ug/day) alleviated mechanical allodynia; obviously enhanced autophagy; and markedly reduced the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn after SNI. Moreover, the number of Iba-1+ microglial cells and TREM2 expression were downregulated after resveratrol treatment. Intrathecal administration of lentivirus coding TREM2 and/or 3-methyladenine in those rats induced deficiencies in resveratrol-mediated anti-inflammation, leading to mechanical allodynia that could be rescued via administration of Res. Furthermore, 3-MA treatment contributed to TREM2-mediated mechanical allodynia.
Conclusions
Taken together, these data reveal that resveratrol relieves neuropathic pain through suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via regulating the TREM2-autophagy axis in SNI rats.
General Formulation for Free Vibration of Elastic Solids with Static Loads and Application to Rotating Tapered Cantilever Beam Vibration 
Authors: Luo Renfan
Published: June 2020

By solving the three one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear dynamic differential equations analytically, it has been proved that unless the nonlinear terms are in first order, a nonlinear dynamic system never has a vibration natural frequency. A simple nonlinear mass-spring system has been invented to demonstrate that vibration frequency is only calculated on a perturbation basis and to demonstrate that an external load may affect frequency too. Then for an elastic solid with nonlinear deformation and with static loads including a rotational angular velocity, a virtual small factor has been introduced to ensure a small deformation, a general formulation to predict vibration frequencies has been developed, which proves that the strain energy and kinematic energy (or the work done by vibration inertial force) are calculated from the linear deformation terms while the work done by external loads is calculated from the second order nonlinear terms that cause stiffening/softening effects on vibration frequency. This may be different to the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Applying the developed formulation to rotating tapered cantilever beams, the simple analytical method has been developed. Validation against FE analysis has been carried out to show that the simple method can predict the out-of-plane vibration frequency of rotating tapered cantilever beams accurately.
Maize-PAS: Automated Maize Phenotyping Analysis Software using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Chai Xiujuan , Yang Zixuan , Wang Hongwu , Yang Chenxue , Sun Tan
Published: June 2020

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food sources in the world and has been one of the main targets of plant genetics and phenotypic research for centuries. Observation and analysis of various morphological phenotypic traits during maize growth are essential for genetic and breeding study. The generally huge number of samples produce an enormous amount of high-resolution image data. While high throughput plant phenotyping platforms are increasingly used in maize breeding trials, there is a reasonable need for software tools that can automatically identify visual phenotypic features of maize plants and implement batch processing on image datasets.Results: On the boundary between computer vision and plant science, we utilize advanced deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks to empower the workflow of maize phenotyping analysis. This paper presents Maize-PAS ( Maize Phenotyping Analysis Software), an integrated application supporting one-click analysis of maize phenotype, embedding multiple functions: I. Projection, II. Color Analysis, III. Internode length, IV. Height, V. Stem Diameter and VI. Leaves Counting. Taking the RGB image of maize as input, the software provides a user-friendly graphical interaction interface and rapid calculation of multiple important phenotypic characteristics, including leaf sheath points detection and leaves segmentation. In function Leaves Counting, the mean and standard deviation of difference between prediction and ground truth are 1.60 and 1.625.Conclusion: The Maize-PAS is easy-to-use and demands neither professional knowledge of computer vision nor deep learning. All functions for batch processing are incorporated, enabling automated and labor-reduced tasks of recording, measurement and quantitative analysis of maize growth traits on a large dataset. We prove the efficiency and potential capability of our techniques and software to image-based plant research, which also demonstrates the feasibility and capability of AI technology implemented in agriculture and plant science.
Blockade of Interleukin-17 Leads to Shifts From Stage-based Towards Response-based Disease Clusters- Comparative Data From Very Early and Established Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kampylafka Eleni , Tascilar Koray , Lerchen Veronika , Linz Christina , Sokolova Maria , Zekovic Ana , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Rech Juergen , Sticherling Michael , Schett Georg , Hueber Axel
Published: June 2020

Background. Limited information exists about the very early forms of psoriatic arthritis. In particular, differences and responsiveness of patient-reportedoutcomes (PROs) in very early as compared to established PsA have not been investigated to date.Methods. Cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal evaluation of PROs related to pain (VAS), physical function (HAQ-DI, SF-36 physical), mental function (SF-36 mental), impact of psoriatic skin (DLQI), joint (PsAID) and global disease (VAS) in two small prospective observational studies on secukinumab 300mg over 6 months in very early disease patients (IVEPSA study; N=20) and established PsA (PSARTROS study; N=20). Cluster analysis was performed at baseline and 24-weeks follow-up.Results. While responses in pain and physical activity-related PROs to secukinumab were more pronounced in established PsA than very early disease, effects on PROs related to general health perception, as well as those related to emotional and mental well-being, were modified in a similar way in very early disease and established PsA. Cluster analysis based on global disease activity and PROs showed that baseline clusters reflected very early disease and established PsA, while during interleukin-17 inhibition these clusters were abolished and new clusters based on differential responses to physically and mentally-oriented PROs formed.Conclusions. Inhibition of IL-17A leads to comprehensive improvement of PROs in patients with very early musculoskeletal involvement in PsA. Most importantly, treatment restructures original patients clusters based on the stage of psoriatic disease and leads to the formation of new clusters that reflect their post-treatment state with respect tophysical and mental-orientated PROs.Trial Registration: NCT02483234
Using Virtual Imaging Technology to Restore Cultural Heritage in Situ Virtually
Authors: Qiao Chengquan , Zhang Wenwen , Gong Decai , Gong Yuxuan
Published: June 2020

The restoration of incomplete cultural heritage is important for presenting the value of cultural heritage. Usually, the restoration methods mainly include physical restoration, digital restoration, digital projection restoration, and plane patterns restoration, which all have insurmountable shortcomings. This paper presents a virtual imaging technology based on a kind of visual illusion phenomenon to restore cultural heritage in situ virtually. We proposed a virtual imaging restoration device and examined the practicability of the virtual imaging technology in restoration by applying it in restoring an incomplete bronze mirror. The results showed that the virtual imaging restoration performances better than traditional restoration methods from the perspective of keeping authenticity, non-interference, reversibility and discernibility of the cultural heritage. The potential of this technology and its encouraging results may provide a better alternative to the restoration of certain kinds of incomplete cultural heritage and a useful tool to pretest the restoration programmes.
A Novel Anti-inflammatory D-peptide Halts Disease Phenotype Progression in an ALS Mouse Model
Authors: Post Julia , Kogel Vanessa , Schaffrath Anja , Lohmann Philipp , Shah Nadim Joni , Langen Karl-Josef , Willbold Dieter , Willuweit Antje , Kutzsche Janine
Published: June 2020

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective neuronal death in brain stem and spinal cord. The cause is unknown, but an increasing evidence has firmly certified that neuroinflammation plays a key role in ALS pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and has been implicated as driver of disease progression. Here, we describe two treatment studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of a tandem version of the well-known all-d-peptide RD2 (RD2RD2) in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) and in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1*G93A).Methods:APP/PS1 and SOD1*G93A mice were treated intraperitoneally for four weeks mice with RD2RD2 vs placebo. APP/PS1 brain and plasma samples were histologically and biochemically analysed for inflammatory markers, gliosis and amyloid pathology. SOD1*G93A mice were tested longitudinally during treatment in various behavioural and motor coordination tests. Brain and spinal cord samples were investigated immunohistochemically for gliosis and neurodegeneration.Results: Treatment in APP/PS1 mice revealed significant reduction in glial cell activation in the brain and significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. RD2RD2 treatment in SOD1*G93A mice resulted not only in a reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia in both brain stem and lumbar spinal cord but also in a rescue of neurons in the motor cortex. Moreover, behavioural tests revealed that the disease phenotype of SOD1*G93A mice is halted during treatment.Conclusion: Based on the presented results, we conclude that RD2RD2 is a potential therapeutic candidate against ALS.
Association of Nasopharyngeal Viruses and Pathogenic Bacteria in Children and Their Parents With and Without HIV
Authors: Khan Tila , Das Ranjan Saurav , Chaudhary Amrita , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Bhattacharya Sangeeta Das
Published: June 2020

Background: Bacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, and their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx may be affected by HIV. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in families with and without HIV in West Bengal India, to look at the association of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx of parents and children, when they are asymptomatic. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, for 4 bacteria and 21 respiratory viruses, was run on 92 random nasopharyngeal swabs from children, and 77 swabs from their parents. Results: In 67% of child samples bacteria was found; in 45% viruses were found and in 27% viruses were found with bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (53%) was the most common bacteria, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) (37%) in children and parents (53%, 20%). Human rhinovirus and adenovirus (14%, each) were most frequently detected in children living with HIV (CLH). Adenovirus was associated with pneumococcus in children (Odds ratio OR 6, 95% CI 1.12-31.9). Rhinovirus was associated with pneumococcus in CLH (OR 15.6, 1.66-146.4), and with increased pneumococcal density in children (Regression coeff 4.5, 1.14-7.9). CLH had 8.7 times increased pneumococcal and S. aureus colonization, in the presence of rhinovirus. Conclusions: Viruses and bacteria were frequently co-detected and viruses specifically rhinovirus was associated with increased pneumococcal density in asymptomatic children regardless of HIV status. Positive associations were found between pneumococcus, S. aureus, and rhinovirus in CLH.
Correlation Analysis of Stem Hardness Traits with Fiber and Yield Related Traits in Core Collections of Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Raza Irum , Hu Dao-Wu , Ahmad Adeel , Li Hongge , He Shou-Pu , Nazir Mian Faisal , Wang Xiao-Yang , Jia Yin-Hua , Pan Zhao-e , Zhang Peng , Yasir Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Geng Xiao-Li , Wang Li-Ru , Pang Bao-Yin , Du Xiong-Ming
Published: June 2020

Background Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection elite lines for resistant to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L. Cotton breeder are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fibre quality and high- yield. The research for hardness and its relation with fiber quality and yield were very few. This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton. Results Experiments were carried out to measure the bending, acupuncture and compression properties of stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes, comprising 237 accessions. The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness were highly significant among the genotypes, and the stem hardness traits (BL, BU, AL, AU, CL and CU) have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield related traits. In descriptive statistics result bending (BL, BU) have maximum coefficient of variance and trait fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced quantitative characters into nine principal components. The first nine principal components (PC) with Eigen values >1 explained 0.86% of variation among 237 accessions of cotton crop. Both 2017& 2018, PCA results indicated that BL, BU, FL, FE and LI variables contributed their variability in PC1 and BU, AU, CU, FD, LP and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2. Conclusion We describe here, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength, acupuncture and compression properties of Gossypium hirsutum crop.
Differentiating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from influenza and dengue
Authors: Thein Tun-Linn , Ang Li Wei , Young Barnaby Edward , Chen Mark IC , Leo Yee-Sin , Lye David Chien
Published: June 2020

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with non-specific clinical features. This may result in misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, and lead to further transmission in the community. We aimed to derive early predictors to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza and dengue.Methods: The study comprised 126 patients with COVID-19, 171 with influenza and 180 with dengue, who presented within 5 days of symptom onset. All cases were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests. We used logistic regression models to identify clinical characteristics and laboratory markers in classifying COVID-19 versus influenza, and COVID-19 versus dengue. The performance of the models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).Results: Shortness of breath was the strongest predictor in the models for differentiating between COVID-19 and influenza, followed by diarrhoea. Higher lymphocyte count was predictive of COVID-19 versus influenza and versus dengue. In the model for differentiating between COVID-19 and dengue, patients with cough and higher platelet count were at increased odds of COVID-19, while headache, joint pain, skin rash and vomiting/nausea were indicative of dengue. The area under the ROC was 0.92 for flu model and 0.99 for dengue model.Conclusion: Models based on clinical features and simple laboratory markers for differentiating COVID-19 from influenza and dengue, which possess good predictive performance, can serve as a useful tool for primary care physicians to determine if further investigations or referrals would be required.
Two-stage anaerobic process benefits removal for azo dye Orange II with starch as primary co-substrate
Authors: Huang Jingang , Shi Binfang , Yin Zhenjiang , Guo Kangyin , Fu Chen , Tang Junhong
Published: June 2020

Two-stage anaerobic system (S1: R1 (acidogenic phase) + R2 (methanogenic phase)) and the one-stage control (S0) were established to investigate the effect of phase separation on the removal of an azo dye orange II, i.e., Acid Orange 7 (AO7), with starch as the primary co-substrate. Although final AO7 removal from two systems showed no statistical differences, the first-order rate constants for AO7 removal (kAO7­) and sulfanilic acid (SA) formation (kSA) were higher in S1. Kinetic analysis showed that kAO7­ and kSA in S1 were 2.7-fold and 1.7-fold of those in S0, respectively, indicating the benefit of phase separation to the AO7 reduction. However, this benefit only appeared in the period with influent AO7 concentrations higher than 2.14 mM. Otherwise, this advantage would be hidden due to the longer HRT (5 d) and sufficient electron donor (1.0 g starch L−1). Within S1, R1 only contributed about 10% of the entire AO7 removal, and kAO7­ in R1 (0.172 h−1) was much lower than in R2 (0.503 h−1). The methanogenic phase rather than acidogenic phase was the main contribution to AO7 removal, because the influent of R2 had more available electron donors and suitable pH condition (pH 6.5–7.0) for the bio-reduction process.
Current Insights into Interethnic Variability in Testicular Cancers: Population Pharmacogenetics, Clinical Trials, Genetic Basis of Chemotherapy- Induced Toxicities and Molecular Signal Transduction
Authors: Vasistha Aman , Kothari Rishi , Mishra Adarsh , De Andrés Fernando , LLerena Adrián , Nair Sujit
Published: June 2020

Testicular cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a rising incidence rate across the globe.
Testicular germ cell tumors are the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and surgical removal of the testes
is often a radical necessity along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While seminomas are receptive
to radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy, non-seminomatous germ cell tumors respond to chemotherapy
only. Due to the singular nature of testicular cancers with associated orchiectomy and mortality,
it is important to study the molecular basis and genetic underpinnings of this group of cancers across
male populations globally. In this review, we shed light on the population pharmacogenetics of testicular
cancer, pediatric and adult tumors, current clinical trials, genetic determinants of chemotherapy-induced
toxicity in testicular cancer, as well as the molecular signal transduction pathways operating in this malignancy.
Taken together, our discussions will help in enhancing our understanding of genetic factors in
testicular carcinogenesis and chemotherapy-induced toxicity, augment our knowledge of this aggressive
cancer at the cellular and molecular level, as well as improve precision medicine approaches to combat
this disease.
Toward a Multivariate Prediction Model of Pharmacological Treatment for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Velardo Carmelo , Clifton David , Hamblin Steven , Khan Rabia , Tarassenko Lionel , Mackillop Lucy
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Successful management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces the risk of morbidity in women and newborns. A woman’s blood glucose readings and risk factors are used by clinical staff to make decisions regarding the initiation of pharmacological treatment in women with GDM. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions allow the real-time follow-up of women with GDM and allow timely treatment and management. Machine learning offers the opportunity to quickly analyze large quantities of data to automatically flag women at risk of requiring pharmacological treatment.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess whether data collected through an mHealth system can be analyzed to automatically evaluate the switch to pharmacological treatment from diet-based management of GDM.

METHODS

We collected data from 3029 patients to design a machine learning model that can identify when a woman with GDM needs to switch to medications (insulin or metformin) by analyzing the data related to blood glucose and other risk factors.

RESULTS

Through the analysis of 411,785 blood glucose readings, we designed a machine learning model that can predict the timing of initiation of pharmacological treatment. After 100 experimental repetitions, we obtained an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (SD 0.02) and an algorithm that allows the flexibility of setting the operating point rather than relying on a static heuristic method, which is currently used in clinical practice.

CONCLUSIONS

Using real-time data collected via an mHealth system may further improve the timeliness of the intervention and potentially improve patient care. Further real-time clinical testing will enable the validation of our algorithm using real-world data.

CLINICALTRIAL
SARS-CoV-2 Biology Insights, Part III. The COVID-19 latency hypotheses and the fertility question. (Preprint)
Authors: Lafon-Hughes Laura , Keszenman Deborah J
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

As already reviewed in Part I, SARS-CoV-2 Spike is optimized for infection of multiple cell types, including immune cells. Accordingly, as reviewed in Part II, it can generate a systemic persistent infection.

OBJECTIVE

Now, two questions are addressed. First, whether it can be discarded that SARS-CoV-2 might remain as a latent infection to be reactivated by a stress years later. Second, whether it can or not be transmitted to descendants.

METHODS

A literature review was done through Google searches in order to know, first, if ss(+)RNA virus can establish latent infections. Then, regarding partially known mechanisms to do so. Third, wondering whether SARS-CoV-2 has the necessary elements to establish a latent infection using mechanisms similar to the ones previously reported. Apart from that, it was also searched whether there were reports of SARS-CoV-2 in semen, maternal transmission or fertility issues.

RESULTS

An hypotheses regarding COVID-19 latency is raised. The question regarding fertility is unanswered.

CONCLUSIONS

There is plenty of work to be done. In the meantime, as will be discussed in Part V Viewpoint, it is a good idea to make an effort to stay uninfected if possible, particularly for the young generations.
SARS-CoV-2 Biology Insights, Part IV.Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) and the tricky “Herd Immunity”: narrative review (Preprint)
Authors: Lafon-Hughes Laura
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

It is common knowledge that vaccination has improved our life quality and expectancy since it succeeded in achieving almost eradication of several diseases including chickenpox (varicella), diphtheria, hepatitis A and B, measles, meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, polio, rotavirus, rubella, tetanus and whooping cough (pertussis) Vaccination success is based on vaccine induction of neutralizing antibodies that help fight the infection (e.g. by a virus), preventing the disease. Conversely, Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of a viral infection occurs when anti-viral antibodies facilitate viral entry into host cells and enhance viral infection in these cells. ADE has been previously studied in Dengue and HIV viruses and explains why a second infection with Dengue can be lethal. As already reviewed in Part I and Part II, SARS-Cov-2 shares with HIV not only 4 sequences in the Spike protein but also the capacity to attack the immune system.

OBJECTIVE

As HIV presents ADE, we wondered whether this was also the case regarding SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS

A literature review was done through Google.

RESULTS

SARS-CoV-2 presents ADE. As SARS, which does not have the 4 HIV-like inserts, has the same property, ADE would not be driven by the HIV-like spike sequences.

CONCLUSIONS

ADE can explain the failure of herd immunity-based strategies and will also probably hamper anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. As reviewed in Part I, there fortunately are promising therapeutic strategies for COVID-19, which should be further developed. In the meantime, complementary countermeasures to protect mainly the youth from this infection are presented to be discussed in Part V Viewpoint.
Determination of Temporal Association Rules Pattern Using Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Bilqisth Shona Chayy , Mustofa Khabib
Published: June 2020

A supermarket must have  good business plan in order to meet customer desires. One way that can be done to meet customer desires is to find out the pattern of shopping purchases resulting from processing sales transaction data. Data processing produces information related to the function of the association between items of goods temporarily. Association rules  functions in data mining.Association rule is one of the data mining techniques used to find patterns in combination of transaction data. Apriori algorithm can be used to find association rules. Apriori algorithm is used to find frequent itemset candidates who meet the support count. Frequent itemset that meets the support count is then processed using the temporal association rules method. The function of temporal association rules is as a time limitation in displaying the results of frequent itemsets and association rules. This study aims to produce rules from transaction data, apriori algorithm is used to form temporal association rules. The final results of this research are strong rules, they are rules that always appear in 3 years at certain time intervals with limitation on support and confidence, so that the rules can be used for business plan layout recommendations in Maharani Supermarket Demak.
Traffic Density Classification Using Twitter Data and GPS Based On Android Application
Authors: Afrizal Mohammad , Timur Idham Ananta
Published: June 2020

Increasing the number of vehicles in Special Region of Yogyakarta caused by congestion occurred at various traffic points in Special Region of Yogyakarta. The solution to reducing congestion is by increasing the use of public transportation within the city, but it still not in demand by the public. Optimizing daily activities, community always tries to avoid the traffic density on the road to be bypassed.Some research on social media has been used to detect traffic density anomalies. However, the system still cannot provide traffic density information on roads that will be passed by the user because it is just a mapping. Based on this problem, this study aims to classify the traffic density on the road that will be passed by users in the Special Region of Yogyakarta into the category of high traffic and low traffic by utilizing Twitter and GPS data.The results show that Android Applications are able to classify traffic density on the road to be traversed using Geonames.org API. Using the naïve bayes classification algorithm, the system can classify traffic density on 14 streets with an average accuracy of 77.5%, 90% precision, 79.1% recall, and 82.8% f-score.
Laser Locator for Detection and Recognition of Small Objects
Authors: Kalugin A. I. , Zaripov M. R. , Antonov E. A.
Published: June 2020

При проектировании современных локационных комплексов помимо поиска крупных летательных аппаратов типа самолетов или вертолетов также возникает задача быстрого обнаружения малоразмерных воздушных объектов, что в свою очередь вынуждает разработчиков данных систем применять в их составе лазерные источники для зондирования воздушного пространства. Целью работы является исследование возможности применения источников лазерного излучения для локации малоразмерных объектов, а также требований к лазерным локационным системам и проблем, связанных с переходом от радиоволнового диапазона к оптическому. В работе рассмотрены проблема обнаружения малоразмерных воздушных объектов и связанный с ней вопрос построения лазерных локационных систем кругового обзора. Описаны методы определения расстояний до объектов и измерения их угловых координат, которые применяются в данных системах. Приведен предполагаемый состав разрабатываемой системы и отмечены основные функции ее частей, а также их взаимодействие. Представлены оценка необходимой мощности лазерного излучения и количество применяемых в системе лазерных источников в зависимости от предельной дальности зондирования. Предложен способ решения поставленной проблемы за счет разделения системы на блок определения угловых координат и блок определения дальности.Работа выполнена в рамках темы НИР УдмФИЦ УрО РАН «Искусственный интеллект в разработке, обучении и сопровождении экспертных систем представления и использования знаний в естественно-научных, технических и социогуманитарных направлениях» АААА-А19-119092690104-4.
Review on Hair Problem and its Solution
Authors: Lanjewar Ameya , Maurya Soni , Sharma Devender , Gaur Anchal
Published: June 2020

Hair is simple in structure.  Hair is formed of an extreme protein called Keratin. Cleanser may be a hair care item, ordinarily as a gooey fluid, that's utilized for cleaning hair. the problems related with it incorporates male pattern baldness, raucous hair, absence of hair volume, molding, youthful turning gray, dandruff, diminishing of hair, bluntness then on. Male pattern baldness are often caused due to various reasons, for instance , hereditary propensities, ecological triggers and presentation to synthetic compounds, medications, healthful inadequacy, outrageous pressure or long ailment then on. Gentle dandruff can for the foremost part be settled by washing the hair a day with a mellow cleanser hair. Sedated hostile to dandruff cleanser clean both the hair and scalp and leave the hair reasonable, not bother sebaceous organs. It contains an enemy of microbial to forestall development of expanded occurrence of microorganisms. Dynamic material ought not sharpen the scalp and diminish the extent of tingling and scaling. the most objective of article give idea about hairs problem, the way to solve these problems with cost effectiveness and also help to pick the which sort of treatment with selective dosage form preparation as per hairs problem by researcher for society.

Keywords Antidandruff, Surfactants, Shampoo, Scalps
Liquisolid Technology: Preparation, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Gorle Ashish Prakash , Chopade Shubham Sunil
Published: June 2020

With the advent of high throughput screening, drugs are emerging to be more lipophilic and less hydrophilic. Liquisolid Technology aims at solubility enhancement of such entities via cosolvency concept in a relatively minimalistic setup where there is no need of sophisticated machinery and is cost effective. It involves constituting a drug into molecular dispersion via a non-volatile solvent and then transforming it into a dry looking, free flowing compressible powder. This article aims at mapping Liquisolid Technology where its preparation techniques and potential applications are reviewed. An overview of the performance of Liquisolid in areas of dissolution enhancement, zero order release, photostability enhancement, liquipellets and its role in natural product formulations is recorded for a number of drugs.

Keywords: Liquisolid, Dissolution Enhancement, Flowability, Compressibility, Cosolvency
Formulation and Evaluation of Fusidic Acid Emulgel
Authors: Srivastava Ankita , Desai Sharav , Jain Hitesh , Meshram D.B.
Published: June 2020

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual control release system i.e gel and emulsion. Topical applications of drug offers many advantages for delivering drug directly to the site of action and deliver the drug for extended period of time at effected site. The major objective behind this formulation is to enhance topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (Fusidic acid) by formulating Fusidic acid emulgel by using carbopol 934 as gelling agent. In addition light liquid paraffin as oil, span 20 as emulsifier and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for the preparation of emulgel. Fusidic acid is steroidal bacteriostatic agent produced from Fusidium coccineum fungus belongs to class of steroids but has no corticosteroids effect and which is useful for the treatment of number of infections. Fusidic acid binds to protein and ribosomes and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro drug release, antimicrobial activity, skin irritation study and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties. The best formulation E9 shows better drug release when compared to all formulation.

Keywords: Emulgel, Carbopol 934, Topical formulation, Antimicrobial activity, optimization, Fusidic acid
Formulation, Characterization and Antihelminthic Activity Testing of Nitazoxanide Superporous Hydrogel Tablets
Authors: Srikala S. Vinaya , Santhi Priya Nagam , Nadendla Rama Rao
Published: June 2020

In the pharmaceutical field controlled release products have the ability to maintain desired medicament concentration or a longer period of time. Certain drugs are relatively insoluble in water and have high dose requirements that render unsuitable formulation difficulties in sustained release formulations. Nitazoxanide which is a high dose water insoluble antiprotozoal drug was formulated with the aim. To modulate gastro-retentive dosage form based on the superporous hydrogel composites. Foaming technique was used in the preparation of SPH composites. The superporous hydrogels were extremely sensitive to pH of swelling media and good porosity. Superporous hydrogels tablets of nitazoxanide showed good pre-compressional and post-compressional properties. Formulation X is the best formulation containing chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, formaldehyde, exhibited good swelling ratio. The compatibility studies were performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Studies, Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies (DSC). All formulations were evaluated for stability, drug content, and kinetic drug release & in-vitro drug release profile. It was concluded that the proposed gastro-retention drug delivery provides a different supply of nitazoxanide directly to the stomach.

Keywords: Nitazoxanide, Anti protozoal, foaming technique, Chitosan
A Study on Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Thomas Riny , Sam Sini , Neelaphar P , Shabeeb P , Vishwanath B A
Published: June 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease causes progressive loss of function which gradually occur overtime leading to decrease in GFR levels leading to dysfunction of renal system. Hypertension is found to be intermingled cause and overlapping complication in CKD. It is important to intervene the progression by controlling the blood pressure to prevent kidney failure by administration of anti-hypertensive. Objectives: To study current trends in anti-hypertensive prescription pattern in CKD patient and to evaluate the concurrent patterns are in adherence according to the guidelines mentioned.  Methods: Prospective observational study was undertaken in patients who were satisfying the inclusion criteria and was enrolled into the study conducted for a 6months period in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Results: 150 CKD patients were examined out of which 72% prevalence seen in males compared to females 28%. Dual drug therapy was most preferred combination seen in 48% of the prescriptions. CCB was the most preferred class of drug and least preferred class of drug was ACE. More than 85% deviation from JNC-8 was seen. 20% of mono-therapy was found in adherence to JNC-8. Conclusion: A 15% adherence to JNC-8 guidelines was observed in the treatment indicating need for clinical pharmacist who play vital role in management of CKD by adherence to JNC-8 to ensure safety, efficacy and rationality.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Hypertension, Prescription pattern, JNC-8 guidelines, Compliance, Anti-Hypertensive.
A Study on Prescription Pattern of Multivitamins in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anila A B , Ancy P. Shaji , SREELEKSHMI B S , Mahesh NM , Vishwanath B A
Published: June 2020

Aim of the study: To study the prescribing pattern of multivitamins in type-2 DM in tertiary care hospitals.

Materials and methods: Human ethical approval was taken from human ethical committee, ABIPER Bangalore. The diabetic patients who satisfied the study criteria were enrolled. The patients data’s were collected in specially designed documentation form. The collected data’s were assessed using descriptive statistics.

Results: The study was conducted in 158 patients in which most prescriptions [72.17%] contains water soluble vitamins+minerals. Multivitamins with or without minerals were prescribed for 90[79.76%] and 30[20.24%] days respectively. Multivitamins [100%] were given orally once a day. For indication fatigue [29.11%], water soluble vitamins+minerals were prescribed mostly. Many DM-2 patients were prescribed with water soluble vitamins+minerals which contain vitaminC and calcium carbonate as main constituents. Some of multivitamins doses were showing compliance as per FDA dose recommendations. Tablet formulation containing fat soluble vitamins+minerals[25.31%] were prescribed mostly.

Conclusions: Mostly water soluble vitamins+minerals were prescribed for DM-2 patients. Multivitamins with or without minerals were prescribed for 90and30 days respectively. All multivitamins were prescribed in oral route. Mostly water soluble vitamins+minerals were prescribed for fatigue illness associated with DM-2 in which vitamin C and calcium carbonate were the main constituents. Some of the prescribed multivitamin doses were within the FDA recommended dose range. Tablet formulations were frequently prescribed with oral anti-diabetic drugs.

Keywords: Multivitamins, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Prescription.
Studies on Antioxidant and Anti-obesity Activity of Salvia hispanica (Chia) Seeds Extracts
Authors: Rubavathi Subbaiyan , Ayyappadasan Ganesan , Sangeetha Nagarajan , Harini Thangavel , Saranya Dhanuskodi , Harshapradha Prakash
Published: June 2020

Obesity is a condition in which large amount of fat is stored in adipose tissue. Obesity is the greatest risk for many diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes millions associated with insulin resistance, arthritis disorder, hypertension and cancers. Currently, the available drugs for obesity have been associated with number of side effects when compared with allopathic drugs. Salvia hispanica was one of the member of Lamiaceae family, collected to study the antiobesity activity. Extraction of Salvia hispanica using different solvents was done and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity was monitored to evaluate the zone of inhibition. Further, antioxidant potential activity such as DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assay was studied. Percentage of inhibition of Salvia hispanica was calculated and was observed as in capturing the free radicals present in the body. The surface and cross-sectional morphology Salvia hispanica extract nanoparticles was examined by using SEM. High ALA content make chia a perfect as it is associated with lower incidence of Cardiovascular diseases. This metabolic syndrome is mediated by inflammatory pathways. Hence, the in vitro activity of anti-inflammatory assay was performed by inhibition of albumin denaturation and anti-obesity activity was performed by lipase inhibition assay. Thus the result indicates that the seed extracts of Salvia hispanica possess antiobesity activity.

Keywords: Salvia hispanica, anti-obesity, cholesterol, Antioxidant, lipase inhibition
A two-player dimension witness based on embezzlement, and an elementary proof of the non-closure of the set of quantum correlations
Authors: Coladangelo Andrea
Published: June 2020

We describe a two-player non-local game, with a fixed small number of questions and answers, such that an ϵ-close to optimal strategy requires an entangled state of dimension 2Ω(ϵ−1/8). Our non-local game is inspired by the three-player non-local game of Ji, Leung and Vidick \cite{ji2018three}. It reduces the number of players from three to two, as well as the question and answer set sizes. Moreover, it provides an (arguably) elementary proof of the non-closure of the set of quantum correlations, based on embezzlement and self-testing. In contrast, previous proofs \cite{slofstra2019set, dykema2017non, musat2018non} involved representation theoretic machinery for finitely-presented groups and C∗-algebras.
INTERPRETACIÓN JURISPRUDENCIAL DE LA OBLIGACIÓN ALIMENTICIA DE LOS ABUELOS
Authors: Gómez de la Torre Maricruz
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo busca analizar, con una perspectiva crítica y eminentemente práctica, la responsabilidad de los abuelos como sujetos subsidiarios de la obligación alimenticia de sus nietos, estimando que debe existir un resguardo no solo del interés superior de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, sino también de los adultos mayores, siendo ambos grupos susceptibles de vulnerabilidad y merecedores de protección por parte del Estado. Para ello, se estudia, en primer lugar, el concepto de alimentos, su fundamento, procedencia y alcance; para luego revisar quiénes son los obligados a pagar estos alimentos, la naturaleza jurídica de la obligación de los abuelos y cómo ha sido ella interpretada por nuestros tribunales de justicia.
Mediating role of employee green behaviour towards sustainability performance of banks
Authors: Malsha K. P. P. H. G. N. , Arulrajah Anthonypillai Anton , Senthilnathan Samithamby
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, due to the huge deterioration of the environment, not only human beings but also the day-to-day business environment suffers adversely. Hence, the “Go Green” behaviour becomes a globally accepted direction of every individual and business.
“Go Green” is an earth-friendly living approach and banks play a decisive role in safeguarding the environment to make our livelihood better. As there is an emerging trend to update traditional banking system with green banking strategies in the modern banking system, bank employees are directed to play a vital behavioural role (Norton, Parker, Zacher, & Ashkanasy, 2015) to keep better banking practices, more environmentally friendly, to have bank sustainability performance. Therefore, this study critically examines the relationships between Green banking practices (GBP), Employee green behaviour (EGB), and Sustainability performance of banks (SPB) in the Sri Lankan context. This study specifically examines the mediating role of EGB in the relationship between GBP and SPB. The results confirm the partial mediation role of EGB in the relationship between GBP to SPB. Moreover, both direct and indirect effects of mediation analysis reveal the same direction, significantly. This study becomes vital for understanding the mediating role of EGB, empirically between GBP and SPB.
The effect of tonsillectomy on voice quality
Authors: Djokovic Sanja , Plecevic Vladan , Kovacevic Tamara , Solaja Sinisa , Vukovic Bojana
Published: June 2020

Introduction/Objective. Tonsillitis is a very common condition found in the pediatric population but also in adult patients. One of the consequences of such conditions is poor voice quality. Hoarseness, poor voice impostation, interruption, and hypernazalization are just some of the differences in patient voice quality. The objective of this paper was to examine the effects of tonsillectomy on the voice quality. Methods. The sample included 37 patients, 17 female and 20 male, ranging in age 3?39 years. The method involved recording patients one month before and one month after tonsillectomy with a digital sound recorder, with recordings analyzed in the Praat program. The variables monitored in the basic voice were as follows: voice pitch, standard deviation of voice, degree of voice interruption, jitter, shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio. In the statistical analysis, in addition to standard descriptive analyzes, t-test and ACNOVA were also used. Results. The results showed that there are effects of tonsillectomy on standard deviation of baseline voice (p = 0.002), shimmer (p = 0.002), baseline voice interruption rate (p = 0.023), signal to noise ratio (p = 0.003). There were no differences in the effects of tonsillectomy with respect to the sex of the subjects. Conclusion. Based on the conducted research, there were some methodological conclusions that could be considered as a recommendation for future research: increase the number of persons in the sample, introduce a variable of chronological age, type of surgical intervention, and gradation of size of the tonsil and adenoid tissue.
Prioritizing Sustainability Issues: Insights from Corporate Managers about Key Decision-Makers, Reporting Models, and Stakeholder Communications
Authors: Johnson Joseph A. , Sutton Steve G. , Theis Jochen C.
Published: June 2020

Capital constraints require companies to prioritize among the host of sustainability issues to which they can allocate capital. In this study, we investigate the role of three important factors that can affect this prioritization process: key decision-makers, sustainability reporting models, and stakeholder communications. We investigate these factors through the lenses of economic theory (i.e., the shareholder value approach), stakeholder theory, and enlightened stakeholder theory by collecting survey evidence from 104 managers in the resource transformation sector who are involved in or familiar with their company's prioritization process. This study contributes to the literature by providing important insights into companies' internal decision-making processes regarding sustainability issue prioritization.

JEL Classifications: G34; M14; M41.

Data Availability: The data are available from the authors upon request.
Etymologia ja epäsäännöllisyyden haasteet
Authors: Jarva Vesa
Published: June 2020

Arvoitu teos:

Jeongdo Kim: Hulisemisesta hulinaksi. Onomatopoieettisuuden haalistuminen suomen fonesteemisten substantiivien valossa. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto 2019. 266 s. isbn 978-951-51-5432-3. Saatavilla verkossa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:ISBN 978-951-51-5433-0.