bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal imaging of the skin blood flow oscillations in extremities: modification of the spectral components
Authors: Sagaidachnyi A. A. , Usanov D. A. , Skripal A. V. , Fomin A. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. The aim of the study was description of the method of skin blood flow imaging via spectral processing of the dynamic thermograms of extremities. Materials and methods. The method realized by decomposition of the temperature signal into spectral components, modification of the spectral components and inverse transform of the spectral components into a new signal, which is considered as blood flow. Modification of spectral components was accomplished taking into account skin properties, and intended for the compensation of attenuation and time lag of temperature spectral components relative to blood flow components. Results. Blood flow maps of hands during arm cuff test have been demonstrated. Blood flow values calculated from the dynamic thermogram have been validated by photoplethysmography. The technique allows restoring of the blood flow oscillations at any point of the thermogram of the object. Benefits of thermal imaging of blood flow are the following: results are not depended from the ambient light, the method not critical to the camera angle, and blood flow maps can be registered both from the whole body and small areas. The method of blood flow imaging, in a long view, applicable for the monitoring of the skin microcirculation in progression and treatment of diabetic foot syndrome, Raynaud's syndrome, as well as burn, frostbite, mechanical injury, and atherosclerosis.
Treatment of the diabetic foot infections in septic surgery unit of the municipal versatile hospital
Authors: Protasov A. A. , Bubnova N. A. , Shatil M. A. , Soloveichik A. S. , Suprun K. S. , Gomon J. M. , Vedernikova N. B. , Staroselskiy E. M. , Dobrydin O. N. , Akinchits L. G. , Cheptsov R. O. , Malin R. U.
Published: December 2018

Experience of surgical and complex treatment more than 2500 patients with the purulent and necrotic complications of various forms of a diabetic foot syndrome was generalized. The number of such patients in our unit for the last fifth anniversary in comparison with previous years was doubled. At an ischemic form vasodilating complex therapy was carried out. At the femoral and popliteal block with a limited distal necrosis autovenous shunting with the subsequent economical necretomy was carried out, without sending of the patient from the septic surgical unit. In a case of the neuropathic form of a diabetic foot syndrome drainage of suppurative focuses, economical and sometimes repeated necretomies at various levels of the foot was made. It allowed us to keep foot of the patient for an extremity support in 80 % of the all cases. Frequency of high amputations in recent years was reduced, at the level of a femur from 13 to 1.4 %, at the level of a shin - from 11.5 to 5.8 %. In diagnostics, operation scoping and an assessment of effectiveness of treatment, researches of microcirculation by means of the device «Minimax-Doppler-К» were used. When the indexes of the peripheral speed of a linear bloodflow more than 1.6 mm/sec and rate of volume flow more than 0.0128 ml/min reamputation was not required.
The role of polymorphism of genes associated with cardiovascular system, in the formation lipodystrophy
Authors: Glotov O. S. , Polyakova I. V. , Korolkova T. N. , Sogomonyan A. V. , Sternin Y. I. , Asev M. V. , Leschev D. V. , Baranov V. S.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The wide range of the factors promoting emergence of GLD and also specificity of racial features of this disease testify to importance of studying of the genetic reasons of hereditary predisposition to development of GLD. Design/methodology/approach. PCR-RFLP analysis of the studied polymorphism of genes associated with the formation method of lipodystrophy, and estimated of genetic testing results. Findings. There is a correlation between GLD and allelic variants of genes (MMP3, ACE, NOS3), whose products are involved in collagen metabolism, and the cardiovascular system by regulating blood microcirculation the violation of which plays the essential role in the development of GLD. Practical implications. These results suggest the use of treatment aimed at solving the problems of the microcirculation is important for the treatment of patients with GLD.
The role of echocardiography in the assessment of hemodynamics in patients with connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Fomenko E. V. , Tkachenko S. B. , Beresten N. F. , Pavochkina E. S.
Published: December 2018

The article describes the features of ultrasound diagnostics and central hemodynamics in patients with minor heart anomalies. In vivo visualization of these anomalies has become possible after the introduction of echocardiography. The working classification of minor heart anomalies, as well as the description of clinically significant syndromes and abnormalities are considered. The role of connective tissue dysplasia in the development of cardiac pathology is highlighted, and its place in the structure of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome of the heart and heritable disorders of connective tissue is described.
Detection of skin microvascular vasodilation disorders in patients with diabetic foot syndrome during the local heating test
Authors: Zubareva N. A. , Podtaev S. Y. , Parshakov A. A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. The aim of investigation was to evaluate the possibility of using the method of wavelet analysis of skin temperature during the local heating test for the study of the microvascular tone regulation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Materials and methods. The study was performed in 15 healthy subjects and 10 patients with neuro-ischemic form of DFS complicated by trophic ulcers. The temperature of the plantar surface of the hallux was recorded by «Microtest» (Perm, Russia) with temperature resolution 0,002°C. Time-frequency analysis of temperature fluctuations was performed using wavelet analysis. For the reconstruction of the oscillations in endothelial (0.02-0.0095 Hz), neurogenic (0.05-0.02 Hz) and myogenic (0.05-0.14 Hz) frequency ranges we used inverse wavelet transform. Results. In healthy people, indexes of vasodilation (relative changes in the oscillation amplitudes) in the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial frequency ranges were 3.04, 4.01 and 2.25 respectively. In patients with DFS the values were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (0.60, 0.67 and 0.51, respectively). Conclusion. In contrast to healthy subjects, the combination of diabetic polyneuropathy with endothelial dysfunction and macroangiopathy in patients with neuro-ischemic form of DFS leads to the progression of mutually aggravating pathological processes and lower limb ischemia. Further implementation of the local heating test at the early stages of diabetic foot is of interest for the prognosis of the disease, evaluating the effectiveness of conservative treatment and endovascular interventions.
Discrete plasmapheres method possibilities in improving peripheral microcirculation in patients with atherosclerosis of the arteries of low extremities
Authors: Andozhskaya Y. S. , Galileyeva A. N.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and aim. In this study discrete plasmapheres method possibilities in the treatment of the patients with III stage of peripheral artery disease were investigated. The aim of current investigation was to find out the changes of the peripheral microcirculation. Materials and methods: microcirculation was investigated with Minimax-Doppler Ê device before and after treatment of 48 patients with intermittent claudication. Results and discussion. It was found that peripheral microcirculation data and spectral characteristics of Doppler flow changes and clinical status of the patients eventually improved after treatment by suggested method. In conclusion, treatment by suggested method of discrete plasmapheres is effective on one of the most complicated group of patients with III stage of ischemia according to Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification of atherosclerosis of the arteries of low extremities.
The prevalence of minor heart anomalies and characteristics of intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with connective tissue dysplasia according to tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Fomenko E. V. , Tkachenko S. B. , Beresten N. F. , Pavochkina E. S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and aim. Minor heart anomalies (MHA) are the visceral form of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) that lead to a deterioration in both systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV). Information about functional state of the myocardium of the right ventricle (RV) of patients with MHA is not available widely. The aim of the study is to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of different types of MHA and features of intracardiac hemodynamic using Tissue Doppler (TD) examination of patients with CTD. Materials and methods. Total were surveyed 1240 people, of which were selected 67 patients with SHD and control group of 27 healthy persons (average age 30.1±4.0 years). Evaluation of systolic and diastolic function of LV and RV was carried out based on results of pulse-wave tissue Doppler of lateral and medial parts of the mitral fibrous annulus (MFAlat, MFFm) and tricuspid fibrous annulus (TEA), including the calculation of the index Tei. Results and discussion. The incidence of SHD was 23 %. Patients of first and second groups both have significantly higher Tei index MFAlat, MFFm and TFA, and at the same time the maximum values of Tei index were observed of patients with multiple MHA (0.50±0.09; 0.56±0.08; 0.49±0.10 standard units respectively). Conclusions. Evaluation of central hemodynamics using TD is very useful to identify disorders of myocardial performance of both the left and right ventricle. Increased Tei index is an early marker of diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles.
Cardiotonic steroids: main effects, therapeutic applications
Authors: Grigorova Yu. N. , Bagrov A. Ya. , Fedorova O. V.
Published: December 2018

For last few decades 'putative natriuretic hormone' have been considered as very important therapeutic target for developing novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases. The present review discusses the pathophysiological role of endogenous cardiotonic steroids with main focus on marinobufagenin (MBG). Recent studies has established that MBG plays a vital role in regulation of electrolyte homeostasis in humans and rodents. Additionally, it has been reported that elevated MBG plasma levels are associated with number of pathological states such as arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, preeclampsia and heart failure. It has been demonstrated that MBG-Na/K-ATPase interaction in kidneys regulates renal sodium excretion inducing natriuresis. Further, it has been reported that MBG-Na/K-ATPase interaction in vascular smooth muscle cells could induce vasoconstriction and cardiovascular fibrosis. Thus these facts have established MBG as a potential therapeutic target. Several therapies such as immunoneutralization of MBG with specific monoclonal antibodies and antagonism with aldosterone antagonists have already been proposed. Further studies providing understanding of pathophysiological implications of MBG and signaling pathways could contribute in establishing new therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
Dynamics of intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure at change of head-of-bad position for patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages
Authors: Gorbachev V. I. , Likholetova N. V. , Gorbachev S. V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. Change of the «head-of-bed» position is a routine and simple method of correction of intracranial hypertension. There is still no consensus what exactly situation most effectively reduces intracranial pressure and doesn't compromise a cerebral blood flow. The purpose of the conducted research was the assessment influence of positioning on intracranial pressure and system hemodynamic at patients with a hemorrhagic stroke. Methods. 80 patients with a hemorrhagic stroke entered research. All of the patient carried out continuous monitoring of intracranial and system arterial pressure, transcranial doppler was daily carried out. To each patient was carried out «head-of-bed position» test (30°-0°-60°). Results. Despite various mechanism of hemorrhage in two studied groups in the first three days from the beginning of a disease similar tendencies to the progressing increase of intracranial pressure and decrease in mean arterial and cerebral perfusion pressure were observed. Only for the fifth days there were essential distinctions of the studied indicators. At consecutive «head-of-bed» changes are received the essential distinctions in the studied groups which aren't allowing to apply to them uniform algorithm of positioning. Conclusions. Positioning of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages has no essential impact on the studied parameters. For patients with parenchymatous hemorrhages is preferable «head-of-bed» situation 30° and 60° the first and third day and 30° for the second and fifth day. Thus even short stay in horizontal position (0°) leads to the expressed growth of intracranial pressure and critical decrease in cerebral perfusion.
Ophtalmoplethysmography in ocular blood flow assessment
Authors: Rukhovets A. G. , Astakhov Y. S.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. Ocular blood flow (OBF) impairment is observed in more than 50 % of all ocular disorders. There is often an association with systemic hemodynamics. To evaluate ophthalmoplethysmographic parameters in normal subjects taking into account individual frequency-response OBF characteristics. Methods. 251 subjects without ophthalmic pathological findings (except incipient cataract in elderly) were examined using ophtalmoplethysmograph OP-A (SKTB Optimed, Moscow, Russia, calibrated by optimized method). Ocular biometry, intraocular pressure, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) were also evaluated. Probands were divided into subgroups by gender and age. Results. The duration of the anacrotic part of the pulse curve ranged between 0.23±0.04 sec and 0.32±0.06 sec; the duration of the catacrotic part of the pulse curve was between 0.58±0.09 sec and 0.75±0.11 sec; the anacrotic/catacrotic ratio ranged between 0.34±0.07 and 0.55±0.1; the systolic increase of ocular anterior segment volume (SIOASV) ranged between 7.35±3.21 μl and 11.15±4.42 μl; SlOASV per minute was between 464.1±153.6 μl and 578.1±175.7 μl. Time characteristics of the plethysmographic curve highly correlate with HR. Conclusions. Ophtalmoplethysmography is a valuable tool for OBF evaluation. Normal OBF ophthalmoplethysmographic parameters vary significantly (ranging between 165.6 and 1388.4 μl/min). OBF evaluation should not be performed without systemic BP and HR examination.
Variability of skin microcirculation in case of arterial hypertension from the view of distributional responses of blood flow
Authors: Vasilev A. P. , Streltsova N. N.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study. To evaluate individual variability of skin microcirculation (MC) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and characteristics of microvascular (MV) reaction to hypotensive impact from the view of blood distribution. Material and methods. Microcirculation of forearm skin in 176 patients with AH stage 2 was studied by laser doppler flowmetry (LDF). All the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 - with low (n=46) value of MV resistance and 2 - with high (n=130) value of MV resistance. 90 patients out of the total amount (also divided into the same 2 groups - 25 people in the first group and 65 people in the second) had another study of MC after sublingual taking of 20 mg of corinfar. Results. The results revealed controversial MC skin picture with high blood filling of MV canal and reduced MV tone in the first group and high value of MV tone with hemoperfusion limitation in the second group in patients with AH and the same blood pressure (BP). Reduction in the first group can be caused by redistribution of a minute blood volume kept on a high level in the condition of elevated total peripheral resistance (TPR) (the so called central blood bypass). In this case the skin where a part of a cardiac output goes to serves as a depot. Increase of intravascular resistance in the skin of patients from the second group is caused by prevalence of TPR in hemodynamic mechanisms of BP elevation. Whereas constriction of microcirculation vessel is observed not only in the abdominal vessel area (which is the main area responsible for TPR formation) but also in the other areas, particularly in the skin. Corresponding BP decrease in groups of patients under the influence of corinfar was accompanied by bidirectional shifts of MC values: vasodilation in the second group and vasoconstriction in the first group of patients. It happens due to more balanced bloodflow distribution in the vessel areas more responsible for TPR formation as a result of vasodilation under the influence of corinfar.
The influence of oxygen tension on the local regulation of blood flow by shear stress
Authors: Shadrina N. Kh.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. Vascular response to mechanical stimuli, namely transmural pressure (Bayliss effect) and wall shear stress (response to blood flow), play an important role in regulation of vascular tone. The purpose of the work was to study an influence of hypoxia on the vessel radius and blood flow control by response to shear stress. Methodology/approach. Mathematical simulation was used. The model is based on published data of experiments on small cerebral arteries of rats. The main assumptions of the model are: 1) the vessel is a thin wall cylinder; 2) the radius is controlled by two parameters: concentration of free calcium ions in the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cells and concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the smooth muscle layer; 3) the rate of NO production by endothelium is proportional to modulus of shear stress on the vessel wall. The apparent blood viscosity is calculated using the solution of the problem of two-layer flow. The numerical experiments were performed in Turbo Pascal. The main results and discussion. The dependence of vessel tone regulation by response to altered shear stress on oxygen tension is caused by dependence of NO synthesis in endothelium and NO consumption on oxygen concentration. As it follows from mathematical simulation, hypoxia reduces the role of mechanogenic regulation, and the increase of the wall sensitivity to NO makes this effect more appreciable. Calculations performed for typical value of cerebral vessel response to shear stress, show that the fall in oxygen tension from 100 to 30 per cent leads to decrease in diameter by 6 %, in blood flow rate by 11 %. The rheological factors prevent flow rate diminution, but their contribution is very small: less than 3 %. The fall in oxygen tension reduces NO production rate by endothelial cells and NO concentration in the vessel wall. At strong hypoxia (reduction in oxygen tension from 100 to 30 % and less) NO concentration in smooth muscle layer drops by more than 15 %. Conclusions. Hypoxia decreases NO-dependent vessel response to altered shear rate. This effect increases with the value of vessel response to shear stress. The rheological factors impede the decrease of this response.
Role of vascular disorders in lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nesterovich I. I. , Nochevnaya K. V. , Rabik Y. D. , Speranskaya A. A. , Zolotnitskaya V. P. , Amosova N. A. , Amosov V. I. , Trofimov V. I. , Vlasov T. D.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. The incidence of respiratory system involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has currently increased; thereby new diagnostic methods have been developed actively. Meanwhile role of vascular disorders in pathogenesis of lung injury is almost unknown and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) isn't used as method of lung assessment in RA. The detector of endothelial glycocalyx damage syndecan-1 is little known but potentially perspective serum marker of lung injury in RA. Objective. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of vascular disorders in lung injury in patients with RA. Materials and methods. 61 patients with RA without comorbid lung diseases were enrolled in the study. Control group consisted of 26 healthy persons. Patients underwent survey and physical examination, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and SPECT of the lungs and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Also serum levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACCP) and syndecan-1 were measured. Results. All patients developed microcirculation impairment on SPECT. Vascular disorders were according to changes of lung structure detected by HRCT (r = 0.434; p = 0.044). Areas of hypoperfusion matched with ground glass opacities, lung fibrosis, branching linear structures and airway obstruction on HRCT-SPECT fusion scans. Syndecan-1 level was higher in patients with RA compared with healthy controls (р = 0.019). Conclusion. Vascular disorders are important in pathogenesis of lung injury in RA, and SPECT has high sensitivity in lung assessment. Perfusion impairment in lungs correlates with syndecan-1 level, thus syndecan-1 could be used as marker of lung injury in RA thereafter.
Coronary circulation and renewal of heart coronary disease clinic after intracoronary stenting
Authors: Berezovskaya G. A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the role of changes in coronary blood flow in ischemic heart disease clinic reopening after PCI. Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients with coronary heart disease by 40 to 75 years, who underwent emergency PCI (15 patients) and planned (75 patients) procedure. The risk of complications is calculated on a scale Syntax Score. We investigated the venous blood obtained before and after 6 and 12 months following PCI. In the same period, performed stress echocardiography. In case of resumption of CAD patients clinic conducted stress echocardiography and repeated PCI. The intensity of thrombin formation was assessed using a thrombin generation test (TGT) in platelet-poor plasma and the modified reaction mixture by adding human recombinant thrombomodulin (rh-TM) to assess the degree of activation of the protein C system. Results. A total of 4 years of observation, a total of 30 cases of coronary heart disease is ascertained clinic renewal. Despite the different risk of complications on a scale Syntax Score, the incidence of complications between the groups did not differ. Among the factors that determine the risk of complications during the first year of observation, the most important is the degree of stenosis of the left circumflex artery and a violation of regional contractility in the basin of the artery. In the development of complications of the next 3 years of follow up indicators of stress echocardiography, the intensity of the formation of thrombin and lack of exercise. Conclusions. It was found that CAD clinics renewal is not only a violation of the coronary blood flow. CAD risk clinical relapse rate also depends on the formation of thrombin and protein C system activity.
Influence of electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 150,176...150,664 GHz on brain microcirculation under conditions of prolonged experimental ischemia
Authors: Ivanov A. N. , Sakhan M. A. , Bugaeva I. O.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency - an actual problem of modern medicine. The key pathogenetic link of this group of diseases is a long-term violation of perfusion in the microvasculature. Currently, it is shown that low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at frequencies of millimeter and submillimeter ranges had an influence on processes in the microcirculation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on perfusion indices in the vessels of the brain microcirculation in conditions of chronic ischemia. Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on 52 male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of 27 rats, which model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were reproduced. The second group consisted of 15 rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and daily 30-minute exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at frequencies 150.176...150.664 GHz. 10 sham-operated rats for the analysis microcirculation mechanisms used the method of laser Doppler flowmetry were included in the third (control) group. The average perfusion, as well as active and passive mechanisms flow modulation were investigated. The main results and discussion. It was found that low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at frequencies 150.176...150.664 GHz contributes to the normalization of perfusion parameters in conditions of prolonged ischemia due to stimulation of active and passive flow modulation mechanisms. This effect is probably related to the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, as well as the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the functional activity of platelets and blood rheology. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study suggest that low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at frequencies 150.176...150.664 GHz, is a promising method for non-drug correction of perfusion disturbances at long cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Migraine as a risk factor for glaucoma
Authors: Astakhov Yu. S. , Nefedova D. M. , Turgel V. A.
Published: December 2018

This article contains a review of the literature on the issue of migraine and glaucoma interrelation. At the present time, despite the controversial nature of the results of global research, we can talk about an authentic increase of glaucoma risk in patients with a history of migraine. It is assumed a significant role of the primary vascular dysregulation in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Also we considered the issue of increasing the risk of angle-closure glaucoma during a migraine therapy with anticonvulsant called «Topiramate».
The simplified algorithm of the video biomicroscopy of a bulbar conjunctiva in the young quitted smoking subjects by means of the logistic regression method
Authors: Korneeva N. V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and the aim of the research. The staff of the faculty therapy department of FESMU for a long time has been studying the microvasculature (MV) by the method of bulbar conjunctiva video biomicroscopy (CAVBM) in smoking young people and the patients with ischemic heart disease. In this research we tried to find the simplified algorithm of the CAVMB and the analysis of the obtained data in current and former young smokers. We used mathematical model of logistic regression for the search of the most informative MV parameters which recovered after smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to find more significant (sensitive) parameters for analysis of the results and assessment of dynamics in the positive microcirculatory changes after smoking cessation. Material and the methods. Using a computer-assisted video biomicroscopy (CAVBM) of the bulbar conjunctiva, microcirculatory parameters were studied in generally healthy young adults who were current or former smokers (n=51). Qualitative and quantitative parameters of MV were processed by a logistic regression method. Results and their discussion. The two most significant MV parameters were identified. These parameters were found to be increased after smoking cessation and therefore can be used to determine, with a probability of 97.7%, whether an individual is a current or former smoker. These two parameters are the arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) and the number of capillaries in the left eye. Conclusions. We suggest a new simplified algorithm of the CAVMB with registration and analysis of only two MV quantitative parameters. We appreciate these parameters as the most objectively demonstrating the recovery of microcirculation in young subjects who quitted smoking.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and episcleral venous pressure
Authors: Potemkin V. V. , Ageeva E. V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a relatively widespread generalized age-related disease, in which abnormal fibrillar extracellular material is produced and accumulates in many tissues including vessels. Glaucoma occurs more commonly in eyes with PEX than in those without it. Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) is an important determinant of intraocular pressure (IOP). It seems reasonable to evaluate episcleral venous pressure in patients with PEX. Purpose. To evaluate episcleral venous pressure in patients with PEX. Methods. 540 eyes of 270 patients were enrolled in the prospective study. We evaluated episcleral venous pressure. Results. EVP in total vein compression in lower-nasal quadrant (mmHg) in main group(with PEX) was 14.0±3.29, in control group No. 1 (non PEX, adults) - 14.38±3.77, in control group No. 2 (non PEX, young) - 10.91±2.34. EVP in total vein compression in lower-temporal quadrant (mmHg) in main group was 15.1±3.31, in control group No. 1 - 15.76±3.45, in control group No. 2 - 11.00±2.16. Difference in episcleral venous pressure between main group and age-matched control group No. 1 was not significant, and between main group and control group No. 2 was significant. Conclusion. EVP level is not influenced by PEX, but is influenced by age.
Imaging of lymphatic drainage from the chest and regional lymph nodes in lymphadenopathies of various etiologies
Authors: Ivanov A. E. , Amosov V. I.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and aim. Chest lymphadenopathy is unspecific syndrome found in various diseases. The aim of the study was to give an overview of chest lymph outflow pathways and methods of chest lymphadenopathy imaging. Methods. 60 literature sources were analyzed: 28 in Russian and 32 in international journals. Various radiological methods of chest lymphadenopathy were analyzed as well. Results. A definition of lymphadenopathy, brief description of the chest lymphatic drainage pathways anatomy and modern classification of thoracic lymph nodes are provided in this article. Modern imaging methods of lymphatic drainage and thoracic lymph nodes in lymphadenopathy syndrome are presented: the traditional x-ray techniques, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT, PET/CT. Conclusion. A problem of chest lymph outflow pathway studying and a problem of chest lymphadenopathy is significant and awaits further investigation. Optimal methods of chest lymphadenopathy imaging are anatomical (CT, US) and functional (SPECT, PET/CT).
Retinal vein occlusion after intake of sildenafil citrate
Authors: Tultseva S. N. , Titarenko A. I. , Nechiporenko P. A.
Published: December 2018

This article describes the case of a possible rare complication of sildenafil citrate use - central retinal vein occlusion. Sildenafil citrate influences on regional and systemic hemodynamics. The role of predisposing factors (arterial hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia) and provoking factors (physical exercise, visiting sauna and a double dose of the potency regulator) is discussed. Combination of provoking factors including use of sildenafil citrate has resulted in acute decrease in regional perfusion pressure with the development of central retinal vein occlusion.
Investigation of blood flow parameters in the microvasculature in adolescents football teams during the training process
Authors: Skedina M. A. , Kovaleva A. A.
Published: December 2018

The limiting role of the cardiovascular system when performing sports loads is associated not only with central hemodynamics, but peripheral mechanisms, regulating blood flow. One of the indicators playing a significant role is a velocity of capillary blood flow. Using the method of high-frequency ultrasound dopplerography, the study of blood flow characteristics in a microvasculature at rest and after exercise session was conducted in 53 adolescents at the age of 9-15 years with different sport experience. During these studies it was found that background blood flow velocity values in the arteriolar and capillary bed (p≤0.05) are higher, and vascular tone is lower in adolescents of 14-15 years and adolescents having a longer sport experience, compared with adolescents of 9-13 years. Blood flow indicators in a microvasculature of the older age group are closer to the values recorded in adults. Various mechanisms aimed at maintenance of muscle oxygenation during exercise, are revealed after exercise session. It is confirmed visually (on the dopplerogram) and quantitatively that mechanisms increasing blood flow to muscles are activated at less-trained adolescents (9-13 years old) during exercise. More efficient mechanisms are observed at the older age group: redistribution of blood flow and increase in number of functioning capillaries.
Microcirculation of the human skin as an object of research
Authors: Fedorovich A. A.
Published: December 2018

The possibilities of modern non-invasive methods of studying microcirculation in humans allow you to immerse yourself in the world of fundamental physiological processes on the opposite heart to the «pole» of the cardiovascular system and to obtain data that were previously inaccessible to researchers. For example, laser Doppler flowmetry and computer capillaroscopy make it possible to obtain information on the vasomotor activity of resistive precapillary arterial and capillary sphincters that regulate the flow of blood to the exchange unit. This mechanism ensures the exchange of water-soluble and low-molecular substances and is determined by parameters of hemodynamics. The review briefly analyzes the main structural and functional aspects of the microvascular bed of the skin, which must be taken into account when conducting non-invasive studies of the microcirculation system in humans.
Functionality of skin microhemocirculation in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries as per laser Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Vasiliev A. P. , Streltsova N. N. , Salamova L. A.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. High prevalence and a poor prognosis of obliterating atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries make the comprehensive study of the disease as a pressing issue. Aim of the study. To reveal features of functional state of lower extremities skin microcirculation (MC) in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Material and methods. Microcirculation in 75 patients with IC and 15 healthy subjects was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results. In IC patients compared to healthy people significant decrease in nutritive blood flow by 25.9 % was detected as well as activation of arterio-venous blood shunting (+45.6 %) with venous congestion that causes worsening in blood rheology abnormalities. Conclusion. The detected shifts in MC lead to the progression of functional insufficiency in peripheral blood flow.
Analysis of the reactivity of the endothelium of microvessels of the skin in chronic heart failure
Authors: Polunina O. S. , Voronina L. P. , Polunina E. A. , Sevostyanova I. V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. The leading role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF) belongs to disturbances in the vascular endothelium. The aim of this work is the identification and analysis of the responses of the microvascular endothelium in patients with CHF, depending on the ejection fraction. Methods. We have examined 280 patients with CHF. Analysis of the reactivity of the endothelium of microvessels was carried out using laser Doppler flowmetry. Results. We have identified 3 types of response of the microvascular endothelium, thus all responses were decrement. Patients with CHF with reduced ejection fraction of the left ventricle was the predominant hyporeactive-decrement type response of the vascular endothelium. Conclusions. Results indicate torpidity of microvascular endothelium and the unidirectionality of the processes state changes of the vascular endothelium with a reduction in myocardial contractile function.
Changes of microcirculation in rats detected by laser Doppler flowmetry at physical load accompanied by the development of thrombotic readiness
Authors: Blazhko A. A. , Shakhmatov I. I. , Kiselev V. I. , Lycheva N. A. , Moskalenko S. V.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. A considerable physical load can lead to the damage of various organs and systems including the system of the microcirculatory bloodstream. Materials and methods. The experimental groups of animals were exposed to 4-hour and 8-hour physical load. The state of the microcirculatory bloodstream was examined by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. Results. 4-hour physical load did not cause any reduction of the microcirculation parameter in rats. 8-hour physical load led to a decrease of the microcirculation parameter and further reduction of flux parameter. Conclusions. Such changes of microcirculation parameters can be one of the symptoms of development of the state of thrombotic readiness and high risk of thrombosis in rats after 8-hour physical load.
Effect of Notrombel on systemic hemodynamics and thrombin tolerance in the in vivo experiment
Authors: Sonin D. L. , Dementeva I. N. , Chefu S. G.
Published: December 2018

Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate of the effect of administration of Notrombel, (one of the representatives of a new class of compounds, N,N'-substituted piperazines), on systemic hemodynamics and thrombin tolerance. Material and methods. The effect of daily intragastric administration for 14 days of Notrombel (0.01 mM/kg) and ASA (0.01 mM/kg) on the risk of spontaneous hemorrhages and thrombin tolerance (intravenous bolus thrombin administration at a dose of 50 units NIH/kg) was studied in male Wistar rats. The number of circulating platelets was determined before and 5 minutes after thrombin administration. The concentration of fibrinogen after 30 min was determined by the gravimetric method according to Rutberg R. A. Results. With the daily intragastric administration of Notrombel and ASA, spontaneous hemorrhages and increased bleeding were not observed. Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ from the control animals. Intravenous administration of thrombin caused thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in all experimental animals. The severity of hypofibrinogenemia after thrombin administration was significantly less in rats treated with Notrombel (0.01 mM/kg) and ASA (0.01 mM/kg) than in the control group. There were no differences between Notreblel and ASA groups. Conclusions. Daily intragastric administration of Notrombel and ASA for 14 days did not cause spontaneous hemorrhages and were not associated with any adverse hemodynamic effect. Both Notrombel and ASA increased tolerance to thrombin. These data broaden the currently available knowledge related to the antithrombotic action of Notrombel.
About differences in systemic and pulmonary circulation in the cases of metabolic acidosis after cardio surgery
Authors: Marichev A. O. , Voldaeva O. A. , Grebennik V. K. , Kurskova E. S. , Myakshin S. V. , Saveleva A. A. , Tashkhanov D. M. , Mazurok V. A. , Bautin A. E.
Published: December 2018

Objective - to evaluate changes in systemic and pulmonary circulation in the cases of metabolic acidosis (MetAcid) after CABG. Material and metods. Study enrolled 114 patients. In the postoperative period we sampled arterial and mixed venous blood for acid-base analysis. At the same time point we measured a hemodynamic parameters). Results. We found opposite changes in systemic circulation in the cases with different types of MetAcid. SIR was associated with vasoplegia and increased stroke volume (SV). The cases of AHF showed decrease in SV and vasoconstriction. We found one-direction changes in pulmonary circulation in the cases with different types of MetAcid. There were a tendency toward an increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance, raise in the PAPmean in both subgroups.
Evaluation of nuclear DNA level in plasma of cardiac-surgery patients as a predictor of multiorgan dysfunction
Authors: Grebenchikov O. A. , Skripkin Yu. V. , Zabelina T. S. , Likhvantsev V. V.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the study: to assess the significance of the nDNA plasma level in patients after cardiac surgery to predict the development of acute heart failure (AHF), acute kidney injury (AKI) and SIRS. Material and methods. The present prospective observational pilot cohort study of nDNA plasma level and the development of complications. Results. The nDNA plasma level was maximal 12 h after surgery. The level of nDNA > 20.5 ng/ml 12 h after surgery can predict risk of SIRS (sensitivity/specificity - 56/75 %); > 17.9 ng/ml - risk of AKI (79/69 %) and the AHF (62/58 %). Conclusion. The nDNA plasma level may be a predictor of early complications after cardiac surgery.
Some aspects of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics with intrahospital transport in patients after clipping aneurysm of the brain
Authors: Gorbachev V. I. , Lokhov A. V.
Published: December 2018

Goal. Evaluate cerebral hemodynamics in the patient after clipping of saccular aneurysms of the brain during nosocomial transportation, in the early postoperative period. Material and methods. A study was conducted in 86 patients divided into four groups, where the first group of patients was transported without additional sedation, the second - with additional sedation with solutions of morphine hydrochloride 1 % - 1.0 and a bit of diazepam 0.5 % - 2.0, in the third group, patients were sedated with propofol solution at a dose of 1 mg/kg in the 3rd group, and a solution of sodium thiopental at a dose of 4 mg/kg was administered in the 4th group for sedation prior to transport. Results. In the first group, a significant increase in the average velocity of blood flow through the cerebral vessels was found to be 23.5 % on the side of operational combat. The use of any of the three proposed schemes for additional sedation of a significant level of salary increase, but in the 3 rd and 4 th groups the blood pressure is statistically significantly lower. Conclusion. An increase in the indices of cerebral angiospasm during intra-hospital transportation was revealed. Justification of the use of additional sedation, transported with the use of artificial ventilation. It has been proved that during sedation and analgesia morphine and diazepammental shifts of systemic hemodynamics do not occur, however, the increase in the indices of cerebral angiospasm is significantly lower than in the first group of patients.
Effect of curcumin in the acute phase of ischemia in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats
Authors: Shcherbak N. S. , Popovetskiy M. A. , Yukina G. Yu. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: December 2018

Curcumin presents antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can be considered as a neuroprotector. Data on doses and duration of application of curcumin to achieve protective effects in various types of ischemic brain injury is controversial. The purpose was to study the neuroprotective properties of curcumin in the acute phase of ischemia in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. It is shown that a single application of curcumin (300 mg/kg, i.p.) is not has neuroprotective effect in the acute phase of ischemia in chronic hypoperfusion in Wistar rats. The results allow to conclude that the neuroprotective effect of a single application of curcumin.
Clinical features of endothelial dysfunctions in patients with obesity and role of smoking
Authors: Lyndina M. L. , Shishkin A. N.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. The article presents data on the obesity and endothelial dysfunction, on influence of smoking on the developing of endothelial dysfunction. Material and methods. Examined 108 patients (90 women and 18 men) with obesity aged 45 to 65 years old (middle age 54.62±0.43) with different degrees of obesity. Vasomotor endothelial function was evaluated by the method of Celermajer et al. Analyzed early markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Statistical processing of the data using a nonparametric Wilcoxon-Konovalov and Mann-Whitney. Conclusions. Based on the study preliminary conclusions can be made of the importance of identifying early markers of endothelial dysfunction in these patients and how smoking influences on developing of vascular pathology in patients with obesity.
Evaluation of microcirculation in the pulp of immature permanent teeth by ultrasound doppler after direct pulp capping with bioactive materials
Authors: Dmitrienko N. U. , Sarap L. R. , Kirienkova E. A.
Published: December 2018

Objectives. Our objectives were to study microcirculations in the pulp of immature permanent teeth after direct pulp capping with bioactive materials at long-term (6 and 12 months). Material and methods. In 30 children aged 6 to 13 years, 53 immature permanent teeth were treated by direct pulp capping. In group 1 (n = 29) was used a material based on dicalcium- and tricalcium silicates and calcium carbonate («Biodentine»); in group 2 (n = 24) was used a material based on calcium, silicon and aluminum oxides («Trioxident»). Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam, PI were evaluated before the treatment, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and also in intact teeth, congruent group affiliation. Results. The parameters of microcirculation of the studied teeth before treatment in both groups were statistically significantly higher than in intact teeth. At 6 and 12 months after treatment, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in blood flow rates compared to pre-treatment rates. Conclusion. Normalization of blood flow indicators (Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam) occurred in group 1 after 6 months. In group 2, Vas and Qas restored at 12 months, while Vam and Qam remained elevated. PI in both groups did not reach normal values.
Structural and functional characteristics of endothelial cells of vessels of the heart of newborn rats (immunohistochemical study)
Authors: Chumasov E. I. , Petrova E. S. , Korzhevskii D. E.
Published: December 2018

The study is aimed to investigate the pattern of cytodifferentiation of developing endothelial cells (EC) of microcirculatory bed of the heart of newborn rats using light microscopy and immunohistochemical labeling of von Willebrand factor (vWF). Immunohistochemical study was carried out on Wistar rats on the postnatal day 1 (n=6). For the first time, EC of the developing vessels of the heart of newborn rats were found to be on different stages of cytodifferentiation. Most pronounced structural and functional maturity at this developmental stage was typical for EC of intima of aorta, coronary vessels, middle and small arteries and arterioles of the myocardium in the upper third of the ventricles. Endothelium of these vessels demonstrates strong vWF-immunoreactivity, while in the developing capillaries of the sinusoidal type of the subepicardial region and ventricular endocardium, the vWF-immunoreaction at this time period is still weak or absent. Morphological pattern and variability of sizes of vWF-immunoreactive granules of endothelium has been established. Signs of secretion in the EC were revealed. Synthesis, accumulation, and exocytosis of vWF are suggested to be associated with the degree of cytodifferentiation of EC.
Infrared fluorescence lymphography in experimental and clinical practice
Authors: Papayan G. V. , Akopov A. L. , Antonyan P. A. , Ilin A. A. , Petrishchev N. N.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent diagnostics is promising due to a deeper penetration into biological tissues. Material and methods. In experiments on rabbits and in clinical studies evaluation the lymphatic system with the use of the instrument complex FLUM-808 was analysed. Results. For visualization of the lymphatic vessels of the skin, the intradermal administration of ICG, dissolved in 20 % albumin in the order of 0.02 mg/ml, is optimal. Peritumoral injection of ICG allows visualizing sentinel lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusions. The developed NIR fluorescence diagnostic system FLUM-808 allows to real time visualization of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.