bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel one-step combustion synthesis of BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+/AgBr upconversion heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced vis/NIR photocatalytic activities
Authors: Liang Shuhui , Chang Yukun , Wang Yue , Zhang Dafeng , Pu Xipeng
Published: March 2019

A simple combustion method was reported to prepare a novel BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+/AgBr (BYE/AgBr) heterojunction photocatalyst.
Water insertion and combined interstitial-vacancy oxygen conduction in the layered perovskites La1.2Sr0.8−xBaxInO4+δ
Authors: Troncoso L. , Arce M. D. , Fernández-Díaz M. T. , Mogni L. V. , Alonso J. A.
Published: March 2019

H2O molecules are split within the structure with protons bonded to the axial oxygens of the InO6 octahedra, and with OH units occupying the interstitial space.
New enantiopure binaphthyl-cinchona thiosquaramides: synthesis and application for enantioselective organocatalysis
Authors: Nagy Sándor , Dargó Gyula , Kisszékelyi Péter , Fehér Zsuzsanna , Simon András , Barabás Júlia , Höltzl Tibor , Mátravölgyi Béla , Kárpáti Levente , Drahos László , Huszthy Péter , Kupai József
Published: March 2019

Binaphthyl-cinchona squaramide and thiosquaramide were applied as organocatalysts in three types of asymmetric reactions with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Capture and “self-release” of circulating tumor cells using metal–organic framework materials
Authors: Xie Wei , Yin TaiLang , Chen Yu-Ling , Zhu Dao-Ming , Zan Ming-Hui , Chen Bei , Ji Li-Wei , Chen LiBen , Guo Shi-Shang , Huang Hui-Ming , Zhao Xing-Zhong , Wang Yang , Wu Yanting , Liu Wei
Published: March 2019

Capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood for subsequent analyses has shown potential in precision medicine for cancer patients.
Highly conductive and metallic cobalt–nickel selenide nanorods supported on Ni foam as an efficient electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Liu Shu , Jiang Yimin , Yang Miao , Zhang Mengjie , Guo Qifei , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: March 2019

Co0.75Ni0.25Se/NF for overall water splitting.
The effect of foam quality, particle concentration and flow rate on nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 mobility control foams
Authors: Fu Chunkai , Yu Jianjia , Liu Ning
Published: March 2019

CO2 foam is regarded as a promising technology and widely used in the oil and gas industry, not only to improve oil production, but also to mitigate carbon emissions through their capture.
Preparation and characteristics of a novel PETN/TKX-50 co-crystal by a solvent/non-solvent method
Authors: Xiao Lei , Guo Shuangfeng , Su Hongping , Gou Bingwang , Liu Qiaoe , Hao Gazi , Hu Yubing , Wang Xiaohong , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2019

In order to decrease the sensitivity and broaden the application of PETN, PETN/TKX-50 co-crystal with high energy and low sensitivity was prepared through the solvent/non-solvent method.
Ligand-centered electrochemical processes enable CO2 reduction with a nickel bis(triazapentadienyl) complex
Authors: Dubrawski Zachary , Heidebrecht Joshua , Puerta Lombardi Braulio M. , Hyla Alexander S. , Willkomm Janina , Radford Chase L. , Lin Jian-Bin , Welch Gregory C. , Ponnurangam Sathish , Roesler Roland , Prokopchuk Demyan E. , Piers Warren E.
Published: March 2019

We report the synthesis of a nickel bis(triazapentadienyl) complex and its reactivity with CO2 under reducing conditions.
Binding constant of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands that induce membrane curvatures
Authors: Li Long , Hu Jinglei , Li Liang , Song Fan
Published: March 2019

Local membrane curvatures induced by the adhesion proteins affect their binding by altering membrane shape fluctuations and causing protein–protein cis-repulsion.
Simultaneous identification and determination of eleven tyrosine kinase inhibitors by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Shaomin , Jin Wei , Yang Yongjian
Published: March 2019

A rapid analytical method using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) coupled to mass spectrometry for the simultaneous identification and determination of eleven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was developed and validated.
Boosting the electrochemical oxygen reduction activity of hemoglobin on fructose@graphene-oxide nanoplatforms
Authors: Franco Ana , Cano Manuel , Giner-Casares Juan J. , Rodríguez-Castellón E. , Luque Rafael , Puente-Santiago Alain R.
Published: March 2019

A metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst with outstanding performance was obtained through an easy and one-pot synthesis of hemoglobin functionalized fructose@graphene-oxide (GO) nanocomposites.
Proximity-induced hybridization chain assembly with small-molecule linked DNA for single-step amplified detection of antibodies
Authors: Li Na , Liu Lan , Xiang Mei-Hao , Liu Jin-Wen , Yu Ru-Qin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: March 2019

A novel and versatile platform is developed for single-step amplified fluorescence detection of antibodies via specific proximity-induced hybridization chain assembly.
A self-powered phosphorene photodetector with excellent spin-filtering and spin-valve effects
Authors: Luo Yongzhi , Xie Yiqun , Ye Xiang , Wang Yin
Published: March 2019

Spin-polarized photocurrent as a function of the polarization angle under illumination with linearly polarized light.
Advances in solar energy conversion
Authors: Gong Jinlong , Li Can , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: March 2019

Guest Editors Jinlong Gong, Can Li, and Michael R. Wasielewski introduce this themed issue on solar energy conversion.
Cu-Based mixed metal oxides for an efficient photothermal catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Liu Fuli , Song Lizhu , Ouyang Shuxin , Xu Hua
Published: March 2019

Cu–ZnO catalyst with a well-designed nanojunction structure was fabricated for the photothermal catalysis of the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction.
Design of highly active cobalt catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation via the tailoring of surface orientation of nanostructures
Authors: Jimenez Juan D. , Wen Cun , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: March 2019

Catalyst design by tuning surface structures to suppress unreactive species in order to achieve higher reactivity for CO2 conversion.
Polynuclear alkoxy–zinc complexes of bowl-shaped macrocycles and their use in the copolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide and CO2
Authors: Pankhurst James R. , Paul Shyeni , Zhu Yunqing , Williams Charlotte K. , Love Jason B.
Published: March 2019

Tri- and tetranuclear macrocyclic zinc alkoxides act as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of epoxides and carbon dioxide.
MEMS-based condensation particle growth chip for optically measuring the airborne nanoparticle concentration
Authors: Kwon Hong-Beom , Yoo Seong-Jae , Hong Ui-Seon , Kim Kyungtae , Han Jangseop , Kim Min-Ki , Kang Dong-Hyun , Hwang Jungho , Kim Yong-Jun
Published: March 2019

We present a low-cost and compact airborne nanoparticle sensor that can count individual nanoparticles in real-time.
Chiral nematic mesoporous silica films enabling multi-colour and on–off switchable circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Jiang Haijing , Qu Dan , Zou Chen , Zheng Hongzhi , Xu Yan
Published: March 2019

Chiral nematic mesoporous silica films encapsulating luminophores enabled R-CPL and multi-colour CPL withglumvalues of up to −0.38.
A 1064 nm excitable semiconducting polymer nanoparticle for photoacoustic imaging of gliomas
Authors: Yang Yanqing , Chen Jingqin , Yang Yuming , Xie Zhihua , Song Liang , Zhang Peng , Liu Chengbo , Liu Jie
Published: March 2019

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (PDPPTBZ NPs) with a high mass extinction coefficient of 43 mL mg−1 cm−1 at 1064 nm have been devised as a contrast agent for deep photoacoustic imaging of gliomas under ultralow laser fluence (4 mJ cm−2).
Plasmonic heating induced by Au nanoparticles for quasi-ballistic thermal transport in multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Xu Yanru , Zhao Xiaoguang , Li Aobo , Yue Yanan , Jiang Jin , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2019

Nanoscale thermal probing based on Au nanoparticle enhanced Raman thermometry is achieved to characterize ballistic thermal transport of 1D materials.
Insights into the thioamidation of thiopeptins to enhance the understanding of the biosynthetic logic of thioamide-containing thiopeptides
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Lin Zhi , Li Yuqing , Zheng Qingfei , Chen Dandan , Liu Wen
Published: March 2019

In vivo experiments show that the thioamide moiety of thiopeptins is generated by a TfuA–YcaO pair, before the maturation of the bicyclic scaffold.
Insights into the stereoselectivity of human SETD7 methyltransferase
Authors: Tang Bowen , Li Baicun , Li Boqun , Qin Jingbo , Zhao Junming , Xu Jianwenn , Qiu Yingkun , Wu Zhen , Fang Meijuan
Published: March 2019

This work clearly reveals the interaction of SAM/hSET7/(R/S)-PFI-2 systems, and confirms that the different bioactive energy barriers of (R)-PFI-2 and (S)-PFI-2 lead to the tremendously different inhibitory activities between these two antipodes.
Exploring the mode of action of inhibitors targeting the PhoP response regulator ofSalmonella entericathrough comprehensive pharmacophore approaches
Authors: Tsai Keng-Chang , Hung Po-Pin , Cheng Ching-Feng , Chen Chinpan , Tseng Tien-Sheng
Published: March 2019

Comprehensive pharmacophore approaches explore the mode of action of inhibitors targeting PhoP response regulator ofSalmonella enterica.
Fluorescence-tunable copper nanoclusters and their application in hexavalent chromium sensing
Authors: Lin Yu-Syuan , Chiu Tai-Chia , Hu Cho-Chun
Published: March 2019

Generally, metal nanoclusters are synthesized using only a single ligand.
The Chapman rearrangement in a continuous-flow microreactor
Authors: Fang Jingjie , Ke Miaolin , Huang Guanxin , Tao Yuan , Cheng Dang , Chen Fen-Er
Published: March 2019

A microreactor-based continuous flow method was developed for the high temperature Chapman rearrangement, which was found to be efficient, controllable, safe and scalable.
Achieving 11.95% efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells fabricated by sputtering a Cu–Zn–Sn–Se quaternary compound target with a selenization process
Authors: Li Xinchen , Zhuang Daming , Zhang Ning , Zhao Ming , Yu Xinping , Liu Peng , Wei Yaowei , Ren Guoan
Published: March 2019

CZTSe solar cells with 11.95% peak efficiency have been achieved by sputtering a quaternary compound target using the selenization process.
Angioplasty mimetic stented ion transport channels construct durable high-performance membranes
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad A. , Liang Xian , Yasmin Aqsa , Ge Xiaolin , Xiao Xinle , Zhu Yuan , Ge Zijuan , Wang Yang , Wu Liang , Xu Tongwen
Published: March 2019

Stenting stabilizes the ion transport channels which hold excess water and boosts ion permeation, thus overcoming the current stability–efficiency tradeoffs.
Flexible dielectric nanocomposites with simultaneously large discharge energy density and high energy efficiency utilizing (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric nanoparticles as fillers
Authors: Zou Kailun , Dan Yu , Yu Yuxi , Zhang Ying , Zhang Qingfeng , Lu Yinmei , Huang Haitao , Zhang Xin , He Yunbin
Published: March 2019

Large discharge energy density and high energy efficiency are obtained simultaneously in antiferroelectric PLZST/P(VDF-HFP) polymer nanocomposites.
Androgenic/antiandrogenic activities of PAEs determined by a novel AR-mediated reporter gene assay based on LLC-MK2 cells
Authors: Ma Xiaoju , Yang Jing , Jia Hong , Li Xiaohua , Wang Dawei , Fu Hongxia , Yuan Jie , Li Yun , Zheng Guangmei , Huang Xiaoming
Published: March 2019

Recent reports have concentrated on some androgens/antiandrogens and confirmed that certain chemicals have demonstrated androgenic/antiandrogenic activities in vitro.
Preferential adsorption to air–water interfaces: a novel cryoprotective mechanism for LEA proteins
Authors: Yuen Fanny , Watson Matthew , Barker Robert , Grillo Isabelle , Heenan Richard K. , Tunnacliffe Alan , Routh Alexander F.
Published: March 2019

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins comprise a diverse family whose members play a key role in abiotic stress tolerance. As intrinsically disordered proteins, LEA proteins are highly hydrophilic and inherently stress tolerant. They have been shown to stabilise multiple client proteins under a variety of stresses, but current hypotheses do not fully explain how such broad range stabilisation is achieved. Here, using neutron reflection and surface tension experiments, we examine in detail the mechanism by which model LEA proteins, AavLEA1 and ERD10, protect the enzyme citrate synthase (CS) from aggregation during freeze–thaw. We find that a major contributing factor to CS aggregation is the formation of air bubbles during the freeze–thaw process. This greatly increases the air–water interfacial area, which is known to be detrimental to folded protein stability. Both model LEA proteins preferentially adsorb to this interface and compete with CS, thereby reducing surface-induced aggregation. This novel surface activity provides a general mechanism by which diverse members of the LEA protein family might function to provide aggregation protection that is not specific to the client protein.
Identification of an activated neutrophil phenotype in polymyalgia rheumatica during steroid treatment: a potential involvement of immune cell cross-talk
Authors: Nadkarni Suchita , Lashin Hazem , Hollywood Jane , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Mason Justin C. , Perretti Mauro
Published: March 2019

We have reported the existence of a distinct neutrophil phenotype in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients arising at week 24 of steroid treatment. In the present study, we investigated whether longitudinal analysis of neutrophil phenotype in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) could reveal a novel association with disease status and immune cell cross-talk. Thus, we monitored PMR patient neutrophil phenotype and plasma microvesicle (MV) profiles in blood aliquots collected pre-steroid, and then at weeks 1, 4, 12 and 24 post-steroid treatment.

Using flow cytometric and flow chamber analyses, we identified 12-week post-steroid as a pivotal time-point for a marked degree of neutrophil activation, correlating with disease activity. Analyses of plasma MVs indicated elevated AnxA1+ neutrophil-derived vesicles which, in vitro, modulated T-cell reactivity, suggesting distinct neutrophil phenotypic and cross-talk changes at 24 weeks, but not at 12-week post-steroid.

Together, these data indicate a clear distinction from GCA patient neutrophil and MV signatures, and provide an opportunity for further investigations on how to ‘stratify’ PMR patients and monitor their clinical responses through novel use of blood biomarkers.
Evaluating Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users' Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval Strategies in Verbal Working Memory
Authors: AuBuchon Angela M. , Pisoni David B. , Kronenberger William G.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The current study adopts a systematic approach to the examination of working memory components in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users by separately assessing contributions of encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Method

Forty-nine long-term CI users and 56 typically hearing controls completed forward and backward span tasks with 3 stimulus sets: visually presented digits, pictures of concrete nouns, and novel symbols. In addition, measures associated with each memory stage were collected: Rapid digit naming provided an estimate of phonological recoding speed, nonword repetition assessed the robustness of representations within phonological storage, and vocabulary knowledge (as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test;
Dunn & Dunn, 1997
) estimated redintegration abilities during retrieval.

Results

Linear mixed modeling revealed that digit naming speed and vocabulary knowledge were consistently related to short-term and working memory span in both CI users and typically hearing controls. However, nonword repetition only contributed to the model for short-term memory.

Conclusions

Nonword repetition, an index of phonological storage, explained little of the individual variability inworking memory differences between CI users and typically hearing peers. On the other hand, individual differences in encoding and retrieval explained a significant amount of outcome variability in both short-term and working memory tasks. Differences between CI users and typically hearing peers in working memory therefore appear to reflect process components of encoding and retrieval and not simply differences in memory storage.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7849394
Novel approach to power system state estimation for transmission and distribution systems
Authors: Nogueira Ellen M. , Portelinha Renan K. , Lourenço Elizete M. , Tortelli Odilon L. , Pal Bikash C.
Published: March 2019

This article proposes a power system state estimation (PSSE) capable of dealing with distribution and transmission networks. The proposed approach combines decoupled techniques, complex per unit (cpu) system, and a switching branch representation to meet the increasing complexity of state estimation issue when associated with the emerging electrical systems. The result is an efficient tool that can easily deal with distributed generation, closed loop, or meshed operation and manoeuvres in distribution systems (DS) keeping the efficiency and ability of the fast decoupled estimator to process transmission systems (TS). Results obtained with several simulations carried out on two distribution test systems, a 136‐node Brazilian feeder and a 907‐node European feeder, and on the IEEE 14‐bus TS, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Feasibility analysis of reduced‐scale visual corona tests in high‐voltage laboratories
Authors: Abomailek Carlos , Riba Jordi‐Roger , Casals‐Torrens Pau
Published: March 2019

Corona is a critical effect that must be considered during the design and optimisation stages of high‐voltage hardware such as substation connectors, since due to the harmful effects, corona threats power systems reliability. Visual corona tests allow detecting and identifying the critical corona points on the surface of substation connectors, so corrective actions can be applied for product optimisation. This article focuses on reduced‐scale (RS) visual corona tests intended to verify and optimise the behaviour of such high‐voltage hardware. RS visual corona tests allow reducing the voltage to be applied, laboratory size, instrumentation requirements, assembly, and test times, and finally the overall costs of the tests compared to standard corona tests carried out in large‐size high‐voltage laboratories. A hybrid approach combining experimental tests and finite element method (FEM) simulations is presented, which allows obtaining the equivalent visual corona onset voltage between RS and full‐scale tests. Although the article focuses on the analysis of aluminium substation connectors, the proposed approach can be applied to many other hardware intended for high‐voltage applications.
Comparison of advanced non‐parametric models for wind turbine power curves
Authors: Pandit Ravi Kumar , Infield David , Kolios Athanasios
Published: March 2019

To continuously assess the performance of a wind turbine (WT), accurate power curve modelling is essential. Various statistical methods have been used to fit power curves to performance measurements; these are broadly classified into parametric and non‐parametric methods. In this study, three advanced non‐parametric approaches, namely: Gaussian Process (GP); Random Forest (RF); and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are assessed for WT power curve modelling. The modelled power curves are constructed using historical WT supervisory control and data acquisition, data obtained from operational three bladed pitch regulated WTs. The modelled power curve fitting performance is then compared using suitable performance, error metrics to identify the most accurate approach. It is found that a power curve based on a GP has the highest fitting accuracy, whereas the SVM approach gives poorer but acceptable results, over a restricted wind speed range. Power curves based on a GP or SVM provide smooth and continuous curves, whereas power curves based on the RF technique are neither smooth nor continuous. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed non‐parametric techniques to construct a robust fault detection algorithm for WTs based on power curves.
3D non-LTE line formation of neutral carbon in the Sun
Authors: Amarsi A. M. , Barklem P. S. , Collet R. , Grevesse N. , Asplund M.
Published: March 2019

Carbon abundances in late-type stars are important in a variety of astrophysical contexts. However C I lines, one of the main abundance diagnostics, are sensitive to departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We present a model atom for non-LTE analyses of C I lines, that uses a new, physically-motivated recipe for the rates of neutral hydrogen impact excitation. We analyse C I lines in the solar spectrum, employing a three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model solar atmosphere and 3D non-LTE radiative transfer. We find negative non-LTE abundance corrections for C I lines in the solar photosphere, in accordance with previous studies, reaching up to around 0.1 dex in the disk-integrated flux. We also present the first fully consistent 3D non-LTE solar carbon abundance determination: we infer log ɛC = 8.44 ± 0.02, in good agreement with the current standard value. Our models reproduce the observed solar centre-to-limb variations of various C I lines, without any adjustments to the rates of neutral hydrogen impact excitation, suggesting that the proposed recipe may be a solution to the long-standing problem of how to reliably model inelastic collisions with neutral hydrogen in late-type stellar atmospheres.
A new innovation paradigm: combining technological and social innovation
Authors: Kohlgrüber Michael , Schröder Antonius , Bayón Yusta Félix , Arteaga Ayarza Asier
Published: March 2019

A new innovation paradigm is needed to answer the societal, economic and environmental challenges the world and companies are facing. The EU funded Horizon 2020 SPIRE Project “Coordinating Optimisation of Complex Industrial Processes” (COCOP) is combining technological and social innovation within a steel company pilot case (Sidenor). The project aims at reducing raw materials consumption (and energy and emissions reduction as well) by plant-wide optimisation of production processes based on a software solution and at the same time changing social practices. Key for COCOP is a methodology integrating technological innovation within a social innovation process of co-creation and co-development by involving (potential) users of the future software system and relevant stakeholders right from the beginning; thereby improving effectiveness and impact of the innovations and the implementation process. This involvement is instructed and measured by social key performance indicators (social KPIs) and operationalised in surveys (questionnaire and interviews) with future users, engineers and external experts (from different industry sectors not involved in the project). The article presents the results of the starting point of COCOP illustrating the future user perspective of the pilot steel company (Sidenor) contrasted by the view of external experts – seriously taking into account the interfaces between technology, human and organisation.
Assessing the efficiency of the off-gas network management in integrated steelworks
Authors: Colla Valentina , Matino Ismael , Dettori Stefano , Petrucciani Alice , Zaccara Antonella , Weber Valentine , Salame Sahar , Zapata Natalia , Bastida Santiago , Wolff Andreas , Speets Ramon , Romaniello Lea
Published: March 2019

The European Steel industry is spending considerable efforts in order to improve the socio-economic and environmental sustainability of its processes by promoting any development, which can increase efficiency and lower the environmental impact of the steel production processes. In particular, the European iron and steel sector is strongly committed toward the reduction of energy consumptions and CO2emissions. Process gases are a very valuable resource: possibilities exist to consider these gases as an intermediate by-product for the production of other valuable energy carriers or products with an associated environmental benefit. Therefore, the process gas networks, especially inside the integrated steelworks, have a fundamental function, as they allow meeting the demand of many processes and producing energy through dedicated facilities. They can also support the production processes by internal electric energy generation and often by supplying energy outside the plant boundaries. On the other hand, such networks are very complex systems interacting with many different production steps and the management of such complex systems is a very difficult task, where many often-counteracting factors need to be jointly taken into account. This paper presents the first outcomes of the research project entitled “Optimization of the management of the process gas network within the integrated steelworks (GASNET)”, which aims at developing a Decision Support System helping the energy managers and other concerned technical personnel to implement an optimized off-gases management and exploitation considering environmental and economic objectives. A series of Key Performance Indicators has been elaborated, in order to monitor the efficiency of the gas management and the objectives of the optimization have been defined. The overall structure of the project and the ongoing work will also be outlined in the paper.
An estimation of the amount of dissipated alloy elements in special steel from automobile recycling
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Takeyama Kentaro , Ohno Hajime , Matsubae Kazuyo , Nakajima Kenichi , Nagasaka Tetsuya
Published: March 2019

According to the concept of a circular economy, further promotion of reuse and recycling might aid in closing the loop. However, material recycling may cause various types of material losses due to thermodynamic limitations and product complexity. In this study, we focused on automobile engines and their reuse, with the aim of quantifying the amount of dissipated steel alloy and its constituent elements (nickel and chromium) from the engine recycling process. We also elaborated upon their dissipation paths by using the MaTrace model [S. Nakamura, et al., MaTrace: Tracing the fate of materials over time and across products in open-loop recycling, Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 7207 (2014)]. We evaluated the impact mitigation of material dissipation and the effects of reuse on the extension of product service life. We found that 22% of steel, 21% of nickel, and 63% of chromium was dissipated in total after 50 years; typically, nickel dissipates during the recovery process while chromium does so during the refinery process. Although the impacts on the reduction of material losses remained nearly the same after replacing 40 of 100% material recycling to parts reuse, greater possibilities could be achieved with respect to the service life extension of products when compared with 100% recycling.
Der natürliche Verlauf der Choroideremie
Authors: Seitz Immanuel , Fischer M.
Published: March 2019

Seit ihrer Erstbeschreibung im Jahr 1872 herrscht um den natürlichen Verlauf der Choroideremie eine rege und in Teilen bis heute andauernde akademische Debatte. Aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung verlief diese traditionell weitgehend am Rande des klinisch geprägten Interessenhorizonts. Nun jedoch hat die Entwicklung grundlegend neuer, potenziell verlaufsmodifizierender Therapieansätze die Frage nach dem natürlichen Verlauf der Chorioideremie ins Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit eines größeren Fachpublikums gerückt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel subsumiert den aktuellen Stand der Fachliteratur zum natürlichen Verlauf dieser seltenen Erkrankung und illustriert dessen Eigenheiten anhand eines übersichtlichen 2-Phasen-Modells. Neben einer ausführlichen Besprechung klinisch gängiger Modalitäten liegt der Fokus des Manuskripts auf der Ausarbeitung forschungsrelevanter Fragestellungen wie der intraindividuellen Symmetrie sowie der Etablierung neuer Endpunkte. Darüber hinaus werden die Limitationen bisheriger Studien diskutiert und Empfehlungen für zukünftige Beobachtungsstudien entwickelt.
Prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting in severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Karjula Heikki , Nordblad Schmidt Palle , Mäkelä Jyrki , Liisanantti Janne H. , Ohtonen Pasi , Saarela Arto
Published: March 2019

Background Pancreatic duct disruption is common and is associated with high morbidity in cases of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). In this study, we tested the feasibility and safety of prophylactic pancreatic duct stenting (PPDS) in ANP and compared PPDS with conservative treatment.

Methods We prospectively enrolled patients (aged 18 – 75 years) diagnosed with ANP between February 2011 and July 2015. These patients were prospectively randomized to receive PPDS or conservative treatment at two tertiary centers. PPDS was performed as soon as possible after randomization.

Results Concern regarding iatrogenic infections with pancreatic necrosis in the PPDS group prompted interim analysis, which confirmed a highly elevated risk. Thus, the trial was terminated prematurely for ethical reasons. Of the 11 patients in the PPDS group, all patients with successful pancreatic duct placement (5/5, 100 %) presented with infection, compared with only 3 of the 13 patients (23.1 %) in the conservative treatment group (P = 0.01). Analysis revealed success rates of 63.6 % for pancreatic duct cannulation, 45.5 % for pancreatic duct stenting, and 18.2 % for placement of a stent bridging the necrosis. Cannulation and stenting failures were due to duodenal edema and pancreatic duct stenosis.

Conclusions PPDS in ANP is associated with an unacceptably high risk of pancreatic necrosis infection. In addition, the procedure is technically challenging due to duodenal edema and ductal stenosis.
Activity-Based Cost Analysis of Including Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Diagnostic Pathway of Focal Pancreatic Lesions Detected by Abdominal Ultrasound
Authors: Faccioli Niccolò , Dietrich Christoph F. , Foti Giovanni , Santi Elena , Comai Alessio , D’Onofrio Mirko
Published: March 2019

Purpose To perform an activity-based cost analysis of the inclusion of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnostic pathway of newly detected focal pancreatic lesions revealed by abdominal ultrasound (US) in comparison to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods Over a 14-year period, 977 patients with newly detected focal pancreatic lesions on US and subsequently studied with CEUS and/or CT and MRI were included. The cost of equipment, materials and human resources for every imaging method was calculated. We analyzed the costs in different scenarios considering whether or not CT or MRI was required in the diagnostic pathway. The savings (R) were calculated by subtracting the differential cost of CEUS from the eliminated third-level exam (CCEUS: CEUS cost; CCT: CT cost; CMRI: MRI cost) compared to conventional ultrasound (CCEUS-CUS): R = CCT-(CCEUS-CUS) or R = CMRI-(CCEUS-CUS).

Results Total costs were: US 28.39 €; CEUS 70.50 €; CT 106.23 €; MRI 219.61 €. In 388/563 patients CEUS characterized the pancreatic lesion as solid, with only CT being performed as a second-level investigation: the savings were 68 870.36 €. In 266/414 patients CEUS diagnosed lesions as cystic, with only MRI being performed as a second-level examination: the savings were 16 825.07 €. Considering the whole diagnostic pathway of the patients, the cost savings were 76 809.35 € for solid lesions and 26 242.49 € for cystic lesions, with overall savings of 103 051.84 €.

Conclusion CEUS represents a cost-effective imaging method for the differentiation of focal pancreatic lesions and could guide the selection of the best imaging modality for preoperative assessment, thereby optimizing resources and securing the diagnostic pathway.
The Nonvolatile and Volatile Metabolites of Prangos ferulacea and Their Biological Properties
Authors: Bruno Maurizio , Ilardi Vincenzo , Lupidi Giulio , Quassinti Luana , Bramucci Massimo , Fiorini Dennis , Venditti Alessandro , Maggi Filippo
Published: March 2019

Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Fam. Apiaceae), an orophilous species of eastern Mediterranean and western Asia, possesses a number of biological properties that are worthy of exploitation in different fields. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of coumarins, prenyl-coumarins, and furano-coumarins as the main constituents of this species, as well as several flavonoids. Among prenyl-coumarins, osthol is a promising apoptotic agent quite selective toward cancer cells. In addition, the essential oils have been extensively investigated, and several chemotypes have been identified. This work reviews the literature on this species published between 1965 and 2018, describes its volatile and nonvolatile metabolites, and outlines its pharmacological effects.
π-Allylpalladium Complexes in Synthesis: An Update
Authors: Parisotto Stefano , Deagostino Annamaria
Published: March 2019

This review aims to summarize the development of the chemistry of π-allylpalladium complexes both as intermediates and catalysts/reagents between 2013 and early 2109. Major attention has been devoted to the synthetic aspect of these versatile intermediates.

1 Introduction

2 π-Allylpalladium Complexes Generated from Allyl Electrophiles

2.1 Activated Allylic Compounds

2.2 Unactivated Allylic Compounds: Allylic Alcohols and Hydrocarbons

2.3 Total Syntheses

3 π-Allylpalladium Complexes Generated from Dienes

3.1 Conjugated Dienes

3.2 Allenes

4 π-Allylpalladium Complexes Exploited as Reactants and Precatalysts

4.1 Allylpalladium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation

4.2 Allylpalladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenylboronic Esters

4.3 Allylpalladium-Based Precatalysts

5 Conclusions
Chromium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings and Related Reactions
Authors: Li Jie , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2019

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings have been recognized as a powerful tool for sustainable syntheses. Despite the fact that remarkable progress was achieved by palladium and nickel catalysis, the high price and toxicity still remained a drawback. Recently, naturally more abundant and less toxic low-valent chromium salts, such as Cr(II) and Cr(III) chlorides, displayed notable unique catalytic reactivity. Thus, recent progress in the field of chromium-catalyzed cross-couplings and related reactions are highlighted in the present short review until December­ 2018.

1 Introduction and Early Chromium-Mediated Reactions

2 Chromium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings and Related Reactions

3 Conclusion
Retrograde Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji
Published: March 2019

The basic procedure of abdominal hysterectomy is extrafascial hysterectomy, and intrafascial hysterectomy (Aldridge operation) and retrograde hysterectomy are performed as applied surgical procedures. The Aldridge operation and retrograde hysterectomy are performed when strong adhesion is present around the uterus. Retrograde hysterectomy is also useful when the cervicovaginal junction is not clearly felt by palpation, such as when uterine rupture immediately occurs after vaginal delivery or when a large tumor mass is present in the vagina.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Standard Anticoagulant Therapy in Fragile Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: López-Núñez Juan , Pérez-Andrés Ricard , Di Micco Pierpaolo , Schellong Sebastian , Gómez-Cuervo Covadonga , Sahuquillo Joan , Ciammaichella Maurizio , Morales Maria , Bosevski Marijan , Monreal Manuel ,   and the RIETE Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background The efficacy and safety of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in fragile patients (age ≥ 75 years and/or creatinine clearance levels ≤ 50 mL/min and/or body weight ≤ 50kg) with venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been evaluated.

Methods We used the RIETE database to compare the rates of the composite of VTE recurrences or major bleeding during anticoagulation in fragile patients with VTE, according to the use of DOACs or standard anticoagulant therapy.

Results From January 2013 to April 2018, 24,701 patients were recruited. Of these, 10,054 (41%) were fragile. Initially, 473 fragile patients (4.7%) received DOACs and 8,577 (85%) low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). For long-term therapy, 1,298 patients (13%) received DOACs and 5,038 (50%) vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Overall, 95 patients developed VTE recurrences and 262 had major bleeding. Patients initially receiving DOACs had a lower rate of the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.88) than those on LMWH. Patients receiving DOACs for long-term therapy had a nonsignificantly lower rate of the composite outcome (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46–1.03) than those on VKAs. On multivariable analysis, patients initially receiving DOACs had a nonsignificantly lower risk for the composite outcome (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.11–1.15) than those on LMWH, while those receiving DOACs for long-term therapy had a significantly lower risk (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41–0.92) than those on VKAs.

Conclusions Our data suggest that the use of DOACs may be more effective and safe than standard therapy in fragile patients with VTE, a subgroup of patients where the risk for bleeding is particularly high.
Development and applications of a concentrating membrane osmometer for colloid solutions
Authors: Hale Christopher S. , McBride Devin W. , Batarseh Ramsey , Hughey Jordan , Vang Kevin , Rodgers V. G. J.
Published: March 2019

The membrane concentration osmometer coupled with multiple sample preparations has been used for over a century to determine a number of colloidal properties. At the dilute region, this method has been used to determine solute molecular mass. When the solution is proteinaceous, in the intermediate region, the osmotic pressure profile provides the second virial coefficient, useful for estimating protein crystallization and salting out. At the most crowded concentrations, it provides insight into protein hydration and protein-ion interaction. One of the most critical factors in generating the osmotic pressure profile is minimizing the quantity of protein used and reducing the error in preparing samples. Here, we introduce a membrane concentrating osmometer that allows one to measure osmotic pressure over a wide concentration range from a single sample. A test study was performed using the osmotic pressure profile of self-crowded bovine serum albumin solutions. The resulting profile was in good agreement with previous data in the literature obtained from multiple sample studies. The osmotic pressure profile was further used with a free solvent-based osmotic pressure model to determine protein hydration and ion binding. These results were in excellent agreement with literature values. This concentrating osmometer has several advantages over a conventional concentration osmometer for obtaining the osmotic pressure profile for proteinaceous solutions: (1) the amount of protein required is significantly decreased, (2) the potential for experimental error in sample preparation diminishes, and (3) the time for generating the osmotic pressure profile is substantially reduced.
Computational investigation of ion cyclotron heating on Proto-MPEX
Authors: Piotrowicz P. A. , Goulding R. H. , Caneses J. F. , Green D. L. , Caughman J. B. O. , Lau C. , Rapp J. , Ruzic D. N.
Published: March 2019

Ion cyclotron heating (ICH) on the Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) is to be accomplished using the “beach-heating” technique. Beach heating has not been previously demonstrated to efficiently heat core ions at the high electron density values present in Proto-MPEX. This work numerically investigates the wave propagation characteristics of the ICH region on Proto-MPEX to explore avenues for efficient core ion heating. The analysis reveals that finite electron temperature effects are required to predict core ion heating. Cold plasma dispersion analysis and full-wave simulations show that the inertial Alfvén wave (IAW) is restricted from coupling power into the core plasma because (1) the group velocity is too shallow for its energy to penetrate into the core before damping in the periphery and (2) when operating in a magnetic field where ω/ωci≳0.7, the IAW is cut off from the core plasma by the Alfvén resonance. However, including kinetic effects shows that the kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) can propagate in the electron temperature regime in Proto-MPEX. Full-wave simulations show that when the electron temperature is increased to Te > 2 eV and the edge electron density is sufficiently high needge>1×1017 m−3, ion power absorption in the core increases substantially (≈25% of total power). The increase in ion power absorption in the core is attributed to the propagation of the KAW. Calculations of electron and ion power absorption show that the electron heating is localized around the Alfvén resonance, while the ion heating is localized at the fundamental ion cyclotron resonance.
An investigation on synthesis of Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 hybrid particles and peroxidation
Authors: Zhu Yanji , Kou Zhaoxia , Chao Wenbiao , Yuan Shijun , Huang Zhaocong , Zhou Xiaochao , Cao Lulu , Zhai Ya , You Biao , Du Jun
Published: March 2019

Fe3O4 particles with uniform size, regular shape and good dispersibility are prepared by solvothermal methods. The size of Fe3O4 particles and their magnetic properties can be adjusted during synthesis. Fe3O4@SiO2 composite magnetic particles with layers of mesoporous SiO2 structure are assembled by improved Stöber method. The different shell thickness of SiO2 layer can be adjusted from 35∼150 nm using multi-coating by changing the content of TEOS to form Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2. The Mössbauer spectra show that Fe3O4 particles are almost stoichiometric. However, it is found that the coverage of SiO2 have a significant effect on the occupation of Fe ions in Fe3O4 particles. Peroxidation appears in Fe3O4@SiO2 composite magnetic particles, which might be caused by oxygen in SiO2 layer during wrapping process.
Study of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) electrospinning magnetic fiber as a cell attach/detach substrate
Authors: Chen Tan-Yueh , Su Chao-Ming , Huang Chun-kai , Hsieh Jui-Hsiang , Ger Tzong-Rong
Published: March 2019

In this study, we used electrospinning technology to develop a novel composite material with temperature and magnetic responsive characteristics which physical and chemical parameters were verified. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAAm polymer was chosen as the main material for the spinning process, to prepare the temperature-responsive material with a hydrophobic/hydrophilic fiber structure. The fibers prepared by the electrospinning method resulted in high pores and high volume-surface area that can serve as substrates for cell tissue engineering applications. The material was then integrated with magnetic nanoparticles which led to composite materials of magnetic temperature-responsive spinning fibers and can further be used as a substrate material in the biomedical engineering field. Field-scanning emission electron microscopy (FSEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the spinning fibers diameter and surface morphology. The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to analyze the amount of magnetic nanoparticles confined in the magnetic temperature-responsive spinning fiber. The proportion of magnetic particles in magnetic temperature-responsive spinning fiber from SQUID and TGA analysis was 3.44% and 4.07%, respectively. This study successfully established the preparation of temperature-responsive spinning fiber with extracellular matrix structure through an electrospinning technique. In the future, this composite material with the advantage of switchable hydrophilic/hydrophobic temperature-responsive and magnetic induction properties can further be used in the field of biomedical engineering applications, such as drug-carrier, drug release, skin wound healing, and magnetic high-frequency heat treatment.
4D full-vector radio frequency complex magnetic susceptibility mapping. Near-field imaging of RFID tags
Authors: Stamenov Plamen , Ackland Karl , Lotya Mustafa , Finn David J.
Published: March 2019

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology permeating both everyday life and scientific applications alike. The most prolific passive tag-based system uses inductively-powered tags with no internal power source [V. Chawla and D. S. Ha, “An overview of passive RFID,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 45(9), 11–17 (2007)]. Here we demonstrate an inductive magnetic field mapping platform on the example of passive near-field RFID tags (ID-1), operating at 13.56 MHz (HF) [Identification cards - Contactless integrated circuit(s) cards - Proximity cards - Part 1: Physical characteristics, ISO/IEC 14443-1, 2000; Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface, ISO/IEC 14443-2, 2010; Part 3: Initialization and anticollision, ISO/IEC 14443-3, 2011; Part 4: Transmission protocol, ISO/IEC 14443-4, 2008]. With smaller modules currently being integrated in wrist-bands, watches and items of jewelry, a possible counter-measure to the reduced size is the use of flux-concentrating magnetic material - low-permeability insulating ferrites or high-permeability metallic μ-particle systems such as sendust. Sendust is a magnetically soft iron-rich alloy of Fe, Al and Si - a higher permeability cheaper alternative to permalloy. The integration of sendust components in RFID tags creates a non-trivial multiple-parameter optimization problem, which requires a quantitative RF field imaging system to be used. The RF susceptibility mapping system is comprised of a stepper-motor-driven 4-axial table, which holds the device under test (DUT) or the RFID tag assembly, a source coil (2 turns of 0.5 mm diameter wire, of overall diameter of 21 cm), a 4-micro-coil assembly, allowing for the measurement of Hx, Hy, Hz and dHz/dz, and a 4-channel Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Four complex transmission spectra are obtained for each spatial point of a rectangular (x, y) grid, and then repeated for a different z-cut. 4D Complex Vector field maps are thus obtained. Simultaneous fitting of the real and imaginary parts of the frequency spectra is possible, at essentially any point of space, to a model comprised of two damped harmonic oscillators. This type of 3D-spatial, full-vector, complex magnetic susceptibility imaging opens ways to the integration of magnetic materials in near-field systems, and is not limited to RFID.
Micromagnetic simulation of THz signals in antiferromagnetic FeRh by sub-picosecond thermal pulses
Authors: Menarini Marco , Medapalli Rajasekhar , Fullerton Eric E. , Lomakin Vitaliy
Published: March 2019

The generation of electrical field signals in the terahertz frequency (THz) range has gained increasing attention in recent years. The use of antiferromagnets (AFM) has been proposed as a possible alternative to generate high frequency signals using spin transfer torque (STT) induced damping compensation. In this work, we simulated a potential mechanism for laser-induced THz signals in the AFM phase of FeRh/Pt bilayer films using micromagnetic model. The FeRh film is modeled as two Fe-sublattices coupled via intra-lattice exchange field, and subjected to a sub-picosecond thermal pulse. A partial canting between the magnetizations of two Fe-sublattices, is observed within the first picosecond after the excitation. This short lived state relaxes abruptly into the initial AFM phase, injecting a spin current into the Pt layer via spin pumping, which will eventually be converted into charge current oscillating at THz frequency.
Time discretization of the spin Calogero-Moser model and the semi-discrete matrix KP hierarchy
Authors: Zabrodin A.
Published: March 2019

We introduce the discrete time version of the spin Calogero-Moser system. The equations of motion follow from the dynamics of poles of rational solutions to the matrix Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy with discrete time. The dynamics of poles is derived using the auxiliary linear problem for the discrete flow.