bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of material's behavior on residual stress distribution in elastic–plastic beam bending: An analytical solution
Authors: Joudaki Jalal , Sedighi Mohammad
Published: August 2015

A considerable residual stress distribution can be produced while bending of parts. This stress distribution depends on material behavior. In this article, residual stress distribution has been determined through the thickness in beam bending. For three different models of elastic–plastic behavior, the stress distribution and maximum residual stress are derived analytically. The residual stress is compared for three different bending radii as a case study. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out for two material properties. The results show that material behavior has little effect on stress distribution for large value of bending radius. As the bending radius decreases, difference of stress distribution increases rapidly among three plastic behaviors. Comparing the results of finite element and analytical stress distribution shows good accuracy for suggested formulations.
Spatial brightness, horizontal illuminance and mean room surface exitance in a lighting booth
Authors: Duff J , Kelly K , Cuttle C
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a pilot study that has investigated the suitability of mean room surface exitance as a predictor of spatial brightness and compared these results with how horizontal illuminance predicts spatial brightness under the same conditions. The experiment took a group of 26 participants and, using a scaled booth, exposed each participant to three levels of mean room surface exitance, each delivered with three different light distributions and three different surface reflectances, resulting in a total of 27 light scenes. Results demonstrated that, under the range of conditions to which participants were exposed, a systematic relationship existed between mean room surface exitance and spatial brightness, but not between horizontal illuminance and spatial brightness.
Modeling Heterogeneity in Pooled Event History Analysis
Authors: Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Boehmke Frederick J.
Published: August 2015

Pooled event history analysis (PEHA) allows researchers to study the effects of variables across multiple policies by stacking the data and estimating the parameters in a single model. Yet this approach to modeling policy diffusion implies assumptions about homogeneity that are often violated in reality, such that the effect of a given variable is constant across policies. We relax this assumption and use Monte Carlo simulations to compare common strategies for modeling heterogeneity, testing these strategies with increasing levels of variance. We find that multilevel models with random coefficients produce the best estimates and are a significant improvement over other models. In addition, we show how modeling similar policies as multilevel structures allows researchers to more precisely explore the theoretical implications of heterogeneity across policies. We provide an empirical example of these modeling approaches with a unique data set of 29 antiabortion policies.
Are Men’s Reproductive Health Problems and Sexual Behavior Predictors of Welfare?
Authors: Amoo Emmanuel O. , Oni Gholahan A. , Ajayi Mofoluwake P. , Idowu Adenike E. , Fadayomi Theophilus O. , Omideyi Adekunbi K.
Published: August 2015

The study examined men’s reproductive health problems and sexual behavior and their implications for men’s welfare in Nigeria. It used the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data set of 2013. The analysis used only male recode files, representing 17,359 males. The dependent variable is the computed wealth index, which was selected as proxy for welfare condition. Analysis involved univariate and multivariate levels. The findings indicated that 49.3% of the respondents currently have more than one sexual partner. The total lifetime sexual partner index identifies 70.2% of the men interviewed have had at least two sexual partners in their lifetime. It revealed that men who experience reproductive health challenges, such as sexually transmitted infections and genital ulcer, are 44% and 93%, respectively, less likely to enjoy good welfare condition. It also indicated that men in urban area are 7.256 times more likely to enjoy good welfare condition compared with their rural counterparts. There is a negative association between total lifetime sexual partnerships and exposure to good welfare. The study concludes that social workers, marriage counselors, other health personnel, and policy makers need to focus on the practice of multiple sexual partnership and reproductive health diseases as major determinants of men’s welfare. The authors suggest that the index of welfare should include reproductive health issues and indicators of sexual behavior. Also, there is need for the establishment of specialized reproductive health care services and centers that are accessible to all men for effective servicing of reproductive health needs of men in the country.
Microcatheter entrapment retrieval from Onyx embolization in brain arteriovenous malformations: A technical note
Authors: Vu Phat D , Grigorian Arthur A
Published: August 2015

Objective

Many techniques have been use for retrieval of an entrapped microcatheter during Onyx (eV3 Neurovascular) embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). We report our technique that we term “pull-push-pull” that can be utilized as first management in retrieving the microcatheter.

Method

We analyzed a total of 37 patients that underwent BAVM embolization with either Onyx 18 or 34 at our institution. Standard embolization techniques were utilized with the use of Marathon (eV3 Neurovascular) microcatheter. When difficulty in retrieving the microcatheter arose, we used the “pull-push-pull” technique. The technique comprises the eV3 protocol of retraction. In addition, the microcatheter is stretched causing the Onyx cast to stretch in its inner core, creating a more thorough cohesive property amongst the Onyx mixture. Then the microcatheter is pushed back and to its point of embolization origin. Afterwards, retraction of the microcatheter is enabled as it can be easily dislodged from the cast. Multiple attempts can be repeated as needed.

Result and discussion

We had three patients that had difficulty with removal of microcatheter (8.1%). Utilization of the “pull-push-pull” technique was used on two of those patients. No neurological complication was observed with our technique. We believe the cohesive property of Onyx solution helps in the retrieval of the catheter by our method and technique.

Conclusion

We believe the “pull-push-pull” can be utilized and be an additional technique before attempting other catheter retrieval techniques in Onyx BAVM embolization.
Arab American Emerging Adults’ Ethnic Identity and Its Relation to Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Sheldon Jane P. , Oliver Diane Graves , Balaghi Danielle
Published: August 2015

Despite Arab Americans’ increasing population in the United States, there is limited research concerning their psychological functioning. Ethnic identity (EI) has been found to positively predict the psychological well-being of various ethnic minority individuals. Therefore, in a sample of Arab American, emerging adult college students, we investigated how Phinney’s Multigroup EI Measure subscales (i.e., Other-Group Orientation (OGO), Affirmation & Belonging, EI Exploration, and EI Commitment) predicted components of the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (i.e., Self-Acceptance, Personal Growth, and Purpose in Life). Affirmation & Belonging positively predicted Self-Acceptance, EI Commitment predicted Purpose in Life, and OGO predicted Personal Growth. Additionally, EI Exploration negatively predicted Self-Acceptance. Findings were generally consistent with Social Identity Theory, Erikson’s theory, Phinney’s theory, and previous research. Results demonstrated the importance of studying components of Arab American emerging adults’ EI in relation to under-researched forms of psychological well-being.
A San Francisco Bay Area CBPR Training Institute
Authors: van Olphen Juliana , Wallerstein Nina , Evans Jill , McClinton Brown Rhonda , Tokunaga Jessica , Worthen Miranda
Published: August 2015

The rapid increase of community-based participatory research (CBPR) as an approach to research underscores the importance of expanding access to training in CBPR principles and strategies. CBPR is increasingly recognized as a collaborative approach that can reduce health disparities through building on the strengths of each partner and using scientific knowledge for health action. However, there is a need to increase access to CBPR training for academics, public health professionals, and especially underserved communities that may benefit significantly from new collaborative research projects. This article reports on the efforts of a regional CBPR training consortium in the United States to develop, implement, and evaluate a 5-day CBPR training curriculum tailored to a diverse audience of public health practitioners, academics, students, and community members. The conference goals were to create partnerships and networks for designing, implementing, and evaluating CBPR projects and to identify ways to integrate knowledge from academic, agency, and community partners. The curriculum addressed the following core daily themes: Creating, Building, and Maintaining Partnerships; Collaborative Study and Intervention Design; Collaborative Data Collection, Analysis, and Dissemination; The Intersection of CBPR, Policy, and Social Change; and Fundraising and Sustainability for CBPR. The CBPR curriculum achieved its goal of expanding access to CBPR training for diverse stakeholders in the area, including those from underserved communities and developing a training curriculum with the potential for replication in other locations nationally and internationally. Lessons learned from the implementation and evaluation of the training are shared.
Platelets induce apoptosis via membrane-bound FasL
Authors: Schleicher Rebecca I. , Reichenbach Frank , Kraft Peter , Kumar Anil , Lescan Mario , Todt Franziska , Göbel Kerstin , Hilgendorf Ingo , Geisler Tobias , Bauer Axel , Olbrich Marcus , Schaller Martin , Wesselborg Sebastian , O’Reilly Lorraine , Meuth Sven G. , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Gawaz Meinrad , Li Xuri , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Edlich Frank , Langer Harald F.
Published: August 2015

Key Points

PLTs contribute to apoptosis in vivo and express the death receptor ligand FasL upon activation. Membrane-bound FasL mediates PLT-induced apoptosis, whereas Bax/Bak signaling is not required but reinforces PLT-induced apoptosis.
Topical resiquimod can induce disease regression and enhance T-cell effector functions in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Rook Alain H. , Gelfand Joel M. , Wysocka Maria , Troxel Andrea B. , Benoit Bernice , Surber Christian , Elenitsas Rosalie , Buchanan Marie A. , Leahy Deborah S. , Watanabe Rei , Kirsch Ilan R. , Kim Ellen J. , Clark Rachael A.
Published: July 2015

Key Points

Topical resiquimod is a safe, effective therapy for early-stage CTCL that can clear both treated and untreated skin lesions. Responding patients had T-cell recruitment into skin, enhanced T-cell effector functions, and eradication of the malignant T-cell clones.
Interpretation for practice guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in burn patients by american burn association
Authors: Luo Jie , Guo Guang-hua
Published: July 2015

“American Burn Association Practice Guidelines for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Burn Patients” was published to provide recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in burn patients. This article makes interpretations and conclusions for prevention, diagnosis and treatment from this guideline in the combination of domestic burn patients.
Preparing Biology Graduate Teaching Assistants for Their Roles as Instructors: An Assessment of Institutional Approaches
Authors: Schussler Elisabeth E. , Read Quentin , Marbach-Ad Gili , Miller Kristen , Ferzli Miriam
Published: August 2015

The inconsistency of professional development (PD) in teaching for graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) is a widespread problem in higher education. Although GTAs serve an important role in retention of undergraduate science majors and in promotion of scientific literacy in nonmajors, they often lack preparation and ongoing support for teaching. Given the recent national focus on instructional quality in introductory courses, our goal was to use an online survey to identify current practices of teaching PD for biology GTAs and compare these results with the last national survey on this topic. In responses from 71 participant institutions, 96% reported some mandatory teaching preparation for biology GTAs; however, 52% of these programs required 10 or fewer hours per year. Respondents wanted to change their programs to include more pedagogical information and teaching observations with feedback to their GTAs. Programmatic self-ratings of satisfaction with GTA PD were positively correlated with the number of topics discussed during PD. Although more schools are requiring GTA PD for teaching compared with the last national survey, the lack of program breadth at many schools warrants a national conversation with regard to recent calls for improving undergraduate instruction.
Microseismic reflection imaging and its application to the Basel geothermal reservoir
Authors: Reshetnikov Anton , Kummerow Joern , Asanuma Hiroshi , Häring Markus , Shapiro Serge A.
Published: July 2015

We have developed a new approach for reflection seismic imaging using microseismic waveform data. We took the specific character of microseismic downhole data into account and were able to image regions in the direct vicinity or inside of a seismically active zone. We used a directional migration method that reduced imaging artifacts caused by the low aperture of the data, but required estimation of the wavefield polarization. We also used hodogram analysis to identify parts of data that provided reliable polarization estimates. Only these parts were then used for imaging, whereas the rest of the data are excluded. The approach was successfully applied to microseismic waveforms recorded during and after the stimulation of the enhanced geothermal system in Basel, Switzerland. This data set included more than 2000 events recorded at five sparsely distributed borehole sensors. The reflection images revealed a distinct network of reflectors in the vicinity of the open hole section within the injection well. The results were compared with the injection borehole ultrasonic image revealing a quite good agreement. Combined analysis of imaged reflectors, event locations, and event focal mechanisms indicated that the approach resolved mostly aseismic highly permeable fluid pathways, whereas most of the seismicity occurred in the second-order fractures.
Donor confidence remains the essential ingredient to donations and a vibrant SEG
Authors: Allison Paul
Published: July 2015

The SEG Foundation enjoys a great relationship with our donors. Building that relationship requires earning our donors’ confidence, responding to funding opportunities, responding to donor questions, and delivering results. The SEG Foundation's objective is to raise funds to support SEG programs. We can achieve this goal only if genuine interest exists among our donors and prospects, along with a compelling benefit to members and our industry. Measuring donor confidence is a difficult task. Donors make their voices heard most frequently with their wallets and purses. Together with SEG staff members, volunteers, the SEG Board of Directors, and the Foundation Board of Directors, we work to earn your confidence and support.
Introduction to microseismic source mechanisms
Authors: Kamei Rie , Nakata Nori , Lumley David
Published: July 2015

Microseismic events are very weak earthquakes that occur at very small spatial scales. Microseismic events can result from natural forces such as tectonic motions (natural seismicity) or they can be induced by man-made changes to the natural stress-strain conditions in the earth (induced seismicity). There is a growing awareness that fluid injection into or fluid withdrawal from the earth's subsurface (e.g., oil/gas production, geothermal energy production, waste-fluid disposal), which changes the pore pressure, stress, and strain conditions in the rock, can induce microseismic events and might eventually lead to larger “felt” seismic events. (See the June 2015 TLE special section on injection-induced seismicity.)
Surface microseismic in an extreme environment
Authors: Shuck Ted , Diller David E. , Fish Barry , Smith Pete , Wallace Kerstan
Published: July 2015

A surface microseismic survey was conducted in a noisy suburban active oil-field environment. Unconventional patch acquisition survey design and careful processing allowed the extraction of more than 8000 events from the noisy data. Patch acquisition and multichannel noise attenuation were critical components of the success of the project. The computation of microseismic source mechanisms from the surface depended on solving for accurate velocities and statics in the preprocessing stage.
Joint Planning of Fleet Deployment, Speed Optimization, and Cargo Allocation for Liner Shipping
Authors: Xia Jun , Li Kevin X. , Ma Hong , Xu Zhou
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we study a comprehensive model that addresses fleet deployment, speed optimization, and cargo allocation jointly, so as to maximize total profits at the strategic level. Our model considers a general fuel consumption function that depends on speed and load. To overcome intractability caused by nonlinear terms, we further separate fuel cost into two terms associated with ship speed and load to obtain a mixed integer linear programming formulation for approximation. Based on column generation techniques, we develop an iterative search algorithm that adaptively reorganizes the approximated formulation. We conduct extensive experiments using generated data sets from actual liner shipping services in different regions of the world to show the effectiveness of our approach as well as the significant impact of speed-load factors on fuel consumptions. Managerial insights are obtained by testing the model under different scenarios, which may greatly assist decision makers in the liner shipping industry.
Study of Safe Design Against Earthquake with the Furniture in Kindergarten, Based on the Idea of the Triangle of Life
Authors: Ahmadnejad Marzieh , Darbandi Maryam
Published: August 2015

Kindergartens are one of the most vulnerable areas against the earthquake, because of the age of users and lack of training them to seek shelter in this event. Create safe shelters for children in kindergartens, is one of the most important design requirements that is ignored in the construction of this important space. Since most of the kindergartens are spaces that converted from another usage, so some solutions should be considered for kindergartens status quo to be safe against earthquake. The purpose of this search is establishing practical guidelines for the safety of child care spaces, as one of the most dangerous places against earthquake. The research questions that arise are:
1) how can make safe the kindergartens againstearthquake?
2) Can kindergartens be secure against earthquakes for users of these spaces, children, withuse
of furniture?
To answer these questions,first the idea of the triangle of life, have studied and analyzed the relationship between furniture and it. The research method used in this study, is library method according the study of the available samples. The results show that we can get maximum safety against this natural disaster rely on the idea of the triangle of life and using specific materials of furniture in kindergartens with training the children along playing haw to seek shelter during an earthquake within each class, and in the nearest possible space.
Nursery experiences shape mental health
Authors: Allen-Stevens Georgina , Tanuku Purnima , Redmond Imelda , Leitch Neil
Published: July 2015

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Why you need to listen
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: July 2015

To truly take note of the child's voice we have to invest our time, patience, understanding and intuitive ability in all that they do, because what they ‘say’ is only a small part of what they are actually ‘telling’ us.
Getting off to a flying start
Authors: Tassoni Penny
Published: July 2015

If two is to become the new ‘five’ in terms of starting school or going to group care, all settings that take two-year-olds need to have a good understanding of the impact of separation anxiety on this age group.
Creatures of the night
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: July 2015

Most of our observation of the natural world will be carried out during daylight hours, but the animal world does not stop when it gets dark and it can be fascinating to investigate this often hidden world.
A three-boy-bear tale
Authors: Wilsenski Deb
Published: July 2015

In the second of a series of three articles, that serve to follow up from June's introduction to adventures and emotions in forests, Deb Wilenski explores children's first-hand explorations in a nature reserve.
A world in blush and tint
Authors: Williams David
Published: July 2015

Some of the best projects will take place over a considerable period of time, building knowledge with long-term learning experiences – for example, exploring the changing colours of the natural world.
Hard to heal wounds: dealing with the problematic wound
Authors: O'Dwyer Louise
Published: July 2015

Wounds are encountered on a daily basis when working within veterinary practice, with the vast majority going on to heal without any issue. Some wounds however, may have issues in healing and these can pose a challenge for clinicians. There are numerous reasons for wounds not to heal; these can include patient factors, such as underlying disease, aetiology, and poor nutrition, but also surgical factors, such as haemotoma formation and infection. This article looks at the underlying causes of delayed wound healing and what action can be taken in terms of both prevention, and treatment.
Feline hyperthyroidism: current treatment options and the role of the veterinary nurse
Authors: Bodey Andrew L
Published: July 2015

Feline hyperthyroidism (FH) is the most common endocrinopathy in older cats but is still underdiagnosed. Since the first reported case prevalence has continuously increased. In the UK general practitioners rely mostly on medical management. Recent studies show that the prevalence of carcinoma rises from approximately 2 to 20% following long-term medication. The life expectancy is double with radioiodine treatment compared with medication. Radioiodine is now more available in the UK than at any time both in the number of centres and the reduction in the minimum hospitalisation period to only 5 days. The veterinary nurse has a key role to play in educating cat owners of clinical signs to aid early diagnosis, helping explain treatment choices and in supporting long-term management of this growing patient group.
Accounting for Financialization: Stock-Flow-Consistent Political Economy
Authors: Amelia Correa  , Romar Correa
Published: July 2015

We adopt the Post Keynesian input-output framework pioneered by Wynne Godley to delve into both the causes and consequences of financialization. The distinction between National Income accounting and stock-flow-consistent modelling is showcased. Also, the political economy foundations of financial economics are unearthed. Constructively, the elements of a planned strategy to reinvent the accumulation of capital are sketched. Also, we show how “asset-based reserve requirements” and the issue of government bills and bonds can be “creatively manipulated” by the state to deliver superior and stable social outcomes.
When Ulama Support A Pop Singer: Fatin Sidqiah and Islamic Pop Culture in Post-Suharto Indonesia
Authors: Akmaliah Wahyudi
Published: July 2015

Television, music videos, films, and pop bands are all part of global popular culture and thought to be the product of “the west”. These media are therefore often seen as a threat to the identities of nationalities, local cultures, and religious groups. In contrast, in the context of Indonesian Muslims, the Indonesian Ulama Council’s (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) showed support for Fatin Shidqia Lubis to the singing contest of Indonesian X Factor, 2013. This paper intends to study the presence of Fatin Sidqiah as the winner of Indonesian X Factor and the response of Indonesian muslims regarding Islamic popular culture in Indonesia. This paper argues that the presence of Islamic popular culture in Indonesia through books, novels, films, as well as fashion, show that Indonesian Islam and muslims are compatible not only with democracy but also with global popular culture. In addition, the presence of Fatin is a symbol of young Indonesian muslims who already connect globally. Whatever they consume in terms of popular culture is intrinsic to the creation of their hybrid identities, as both Indonesian muslims and global citizens.
[Televisi, musik, film, dan bands merupakan bagian dari budaya popular dunia dan selalu dipandang sebagai produk “barat”. Karenanya, media ini sering dianggap sebagai ancaman bagi identitas nasional, budaya lokal, dan kelompok agama. Namun, dalam konteks keindonesiaan, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) memberikan dukungan kepada Fatin Sidqia Lubis dalam kompetisi menyanyi “Indonesian X Factor” Tahun 2013. Tulisan ini mencoba menelisik kemunculan Fatin sebagai pemenang “Indonesian X Factor” dan tanggapan masyarakat mengenai budaya pop Islam di Indonesia. Melalui artikel ini penulis berpendapat bahwa kehadiran budaya pop di Indonesia dalam berbagai buku, novel, film, serta pakaian menunjukkan bahwa Islam dan masyarakat Islam di Indonesia tidak hanya sejalan dengan demokrasi, tetapi juga dengan budaya pop dunia. Lebih dari itu, Fatin adalah simbol muslim muda Indonesia yang telah terhubung dengan dunia. Apa pun yang mereka nikmati dalam hal budaya pop telah menciptakan identitas ganda: sebagai muslim Indonesia sekaligus sebagai warga dunia.]
The Link of Teacher Career Paths on the Distribution of High Qualified Teachers: A Chilean Case Study
Authors: Rivero Maria del Rosario
Published: July 2015

This paper uses rich data of 79,418 elementary teachers from 5,521 schools in Chile to study the extent of teacher sorting and its association with teacher career paths. A complete analysis of ten measures of teacher quality shows that highly qualified teachers are unequally distributed across schools. Some schools present a large concentration of highly qualified teachers while others do not even have a single one. Schools with a low concentration of highly qualified teachers are more likely to be public and rural, & have a bigger enrollment of low-income and low-performance students. Thus, it is precisely those schools that are most in need. This paper combines the analysis of teacher sorting with teacher career decisions and finds that teacher career paths are associated with the unequal distribution of teachers. At the start of their careers, less qualified teachers are more likely to teach in rural, public, low-income and low-performance schools. These teachers are then more likely to stay in those schools, while less qualified teachers who start working in high-income and high-performing schools are less likely to stay there compared with highly qualified teachers. Education reforms have recognized the key role of teachers. However, efforts have focused on increasing the quality of the teaching workforce and do not target any specific types of schools. This study discusses the lack of targeted policies and educational inequality, & proposes the need for an educational reform.
Model order reduction by Krylov subspace methods with global error bounds and automatic choice of parameters
Authors: Peuscher Heiko
Published: July 2015

Die Dissertation stellt rigorose Fehlerschranken und Verfahren zur
automatischen Entwicklungspunktwahl bei der Modellordnungsreduktion linearer,
zeitinvarianter Systeme mittels Krylow-Unterraum-Methoden vor.

Die örtliche Diskretisierung partieller Differentialgleichungen, welche zur
Beschreibung dynamischer Systeme in diversen ingenieurwissenschaftlichen
Bereichen zum Einsatz kommen, führt meist zu sehr großen Systemen gewöhnlicher
Differentialgleichungen, deren Anzahl mit steigenden Ansprüchen an die
Modellgenauigkeit zunimmt. Zur Erfüllung von Simulations-, Regelungs- oder
Optimierungsaufgaben ist eine Vereinfachung des Modells daher oft
unumgänglich; hierzu wurden zahlreiche Methoden mit spezifischen Vor- und
Nachteilen beschrieben. Krylow-Unterraum-Methoden, die im Zentrum dieser
Arbeit stehen, erfordern verhältnismäßig geringen numerischen Aufwand und sind
daher zur Reduktion auch sehr großer Modelle geeignet. Allerdings erhalten sie
nicht zwangsläufig die Stabilität des Modells, bieten keine Information über
die Reduktionsgüte und erfordern die günstige Wahl gewisser Parameter, der
sogenannten Entwicklungspunkte (,,Shifts“) sowie der Ordnung des reduzierten
Modells.

Ausgehend von einer neuen Formulierung des Fehlersystems werden neue Zugänge
zu diesen Problemstellungen aufgezeigt. Ein kumulatives Reduktionsvorgehen,
währenddessen das reduzierte Modell iterativ aufgebaut wird, ermöglicht die
adaptive Wahl der reduzierten Ordnung und der Entwicklungspunkte. Letztere
erfolgt mittels Optimierung in einem Abstiegsverfahren, das oft nur wenige
Schritte benötigt. Schließlich werden globale Fehlerschranken für eine Klasse
von Zustandsraummodellen eingeführt; der verursachten Überschätzung wird durch
Umformulierung des Optimierungsproblems begegnet. Die vorgestellten Methoden
können z.B. effizient auf viele Systeme zweiter Ordnung angewandt werden.

Fallstudien anhand von Modellen aus der Strukturmechanik, Elektrothermik,
Akustik u. a. belegen ihre Effektivität.
Lagrange'sche und Hamilton'sche Beschreibung partieller Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Schöberl Markus , Schlacher Kurt
Published: July 2015

In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, dass für variationelle Feldtheorien erster Ordnung
die partiellen Differentialgleichungen und die Randbedingungen anhand der Lagrange'schen Dichte eindeutig bestimmt
werden können. Für Feldtheorien zweiter Ordnung schlagen wir ein Verfahren vor, welches es auch hier erlaubt (neben den PDEs)
die Randbedingungen systematisch zu ermitteln. Dies erfolgt im Rahmen der Variationsformulierung mithilfe
von Kontaktformen, welche als koordinatenfreie Variante der partiellen Integration verwendet werden. Ist man an einer
evolutionären Darstellung der partiellen Differentialgleichungen interessiert, bietet sich eine Hamilton'sche Sichtweise an.
In dieser Formulierung treten die Randbedingungen unter Umständen als Randtore in Erscheinung, was es erlaubt
Leistungsflüsse über die Systemgrenzen zu analysieren. Auch in diesem Szenario ist es entscheidend die physikalisch korrekten
Beziehungen am Rand zu gewinnen, was durch mehrfache partielle Integration nicht in eindeutiger Weise bewerkstelligbar ist.
Zahlreiche Beispiele veranschaulichen die vorgestellten Methoden.
Ansätze zur modellprädiktiven Regelung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik in Synchrotronen
Authors: Lens Dieter , Faulwasser Timm , Kellett Christopher M.
Published: July 2015

Die Stabilisierung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik in Hadronensynchrotronen ist ein anspruchsvolles Regelungsproblem, da die
erforderlichen Abtastzeiten des Regelkreises im Bereich von wenigen Mikrosekunden bis hin zu einigen hundert Nanosekunden liegen. In
diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob modellprädiktive Verfahren für die Regelung der longitudinalen Strahldynamik eingesetzt werden
können. Durch eine geeignete Problemformulierung und effiziente numerische Algorithmen kann das Optimierungsproblem hinreichend schnell
auf einem High-End-FPGA gelöst werden. Simulationen für das Synchrotron SIS18 verdeutlichen, dass deutliche Performanzgewinne erreicht
werden können.
Konfigurationsflachheit linearer mechanischer Systeme
Authors: Knoll Carsten , Röbenack Klaus
Published: July 2015

Zusätzlich zum Konzept der differentiellen Flachheit existiert für mechanische Systeme der Begriff der Konfigurationsflachheit. Dieser
Spezialfall erfordert, dass der flache Ausgang nur von den Konfigurationskoordinaten abhängt, nicht aber von den Geschwindigkeiten und
dem Eingang. Zahlreiche Beispiele legen die Hypothese nahe, dass für konservative mechanische Systeme allgemeine Flachheit und
Konfigurationsflachheit äquivalent sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass diese Hypothese zumindest für lineare mechanische Systeme
erfüllt ist. Ausgangspunkt sind die Bewegungsgleichungen als rechteckige Polynommatrix zweiter Ordnung. Konfigurationsflachheit wird
dann als rein reelle Ergänzung dieser Polynommatrix zu einer unimodularen Matrix eingeführt. Mit Hilfe der Kronecker-Normalform wird
gezeigt, dass diese Ergänzung für konservative Systeme stets existiert.
Adaptive Trajektorienfolgeregelung für Quadrokopter basierend auf der
L1-adaptiven Regelungstheorie
Authors: De Monte Paul Sebastian
Published: July 2015

Diese Arbeit stellt eine adaptive Backsteppingregelung zur Trajektorienfolge für die Position und das Heading eines
Quadrokopters vor. Der Regelalgorithmus ist dafür entwickelt, schnelle Flugmanöver zu realisieren und alle Modellunsicherheiten sowie
eine Vielzahl an Störungen zu kompensieren. Dazu greift der Entwurf einen Ansatz der L1-adaptiven Regelung für nichtlineare und
zeitvariante Referenzsysteme auf, passt ihn an das Backsteppingschema an und modifiziert ihn, so dass die nominale Regelung von der
Adaption entkoppelt. Es werden zwei Nachweise geführt und verglichen, welche die Beschränktheit aller Systemsignale
zeigen. Simulationen und Experimente verifizieren den vorgestellten Ansatz und veranschaulichen dessen hohe Leistungsfähigkeit.
Analysis of global gene expression profiles
in tobacco roots under drought stress
Authors: Yin Fuqiang , Liu Ming , Gao Jian , Zhang Wenyou , Qin Cheng , Yang Aiguo , Luo Chenggang , Liu Haobao , Shen Yaou , Lin Haijian , Zhang Zhiming , Pan Guangtang
Published: July 2015

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an
economically important and relatively drought-tolerant
crop grown around the world. However, the molecular
regulatory mechanisms involved in tobacco root
development in response to drought stress are not wellknown.
To gain insight into the transcriptome dynamics
associated with drought resistance, genome-wide gene
expression profiling of roots from a tobacco cultivar
(Honghua Dajinyuan, a major flue-cured tobacco cultivar
in Southwest China) under 20% PEG6000 treatment for
0, 6 h and 48 h were conducted using Solexa sequencing
(Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Over five million
tags were generated from tobacco roots, including
229,344, 221,248 and 242,065 clean tags in three libraries,
respectively. The most differentially expressed tags, with
either log2FC > 2.0 for up-regulated genes or log2FC <
-2.0 for down regulated genes (p < 0.001), were analyzed
further. In comparison to the control, 1476 up-regulated and
1574 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
were identified, except for unknown transcripts, which were grouped into 43 functional categories involved in
seven significant pathways. The most enriched categories
were those that were populated by transcripts involved in
metabolism, signal transduction and cellular transport.
Many genes and/or biological pathways were found to be
common among the three libraries, for example, genes
participating in transport, stress response, auxin transport
and signaling, etc. Next, the expression patterns of 12 genes
were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR, the results
of which agreed with the Solexa analysis. In conclusion,
we revealed complex changes in the transcriptome during
tobacco root development related to drought resistance,
and provided a comprehensive set of data that is essential
to understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms
involved. These data may prove valuable in future studies
of the molecular mechanisms regulating root development
in response to drought stress in tobacco and other plants.
Split general quasi-variational inequality problem
Authors: Kazmi Kaleem Raza
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we introduce a split general quasi-variational inequality
problem which is a natural extension of a split variational inequality problem, quasivariational
and variational inequality problems in Hilbert spaces. Using the projection
method, we propose an iterative algorithm for a split general quasi-variational inequality
problem and discuss some special cases. Further, we discuss the convergence
criteria of these iterative algorithms. The results presented in this paper generalize,
unify and improve many previously known results for quasi-variational and
variational inequality problems.
Heterogeneously catalyzed reactive extraction for biomass valorization into chemicals and fuels
Authors: Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Khodakov Andrei Y. , Nijhuis Alexander T. , Schouten Jaap C.
Published: July 2015

This paper focuses on the heterogeneously catalyzed reactive extraction and separation in reaction steps in organic and aqueous phases during the transformation of biomass derived products. Two approaches are demonstrated for decomposing and preserving routes for biomass transformation into valuable products. The decomposing approach has been validated by transformation of glycerol into building blocks like CO, CO
Evaluation of acoustical parameters and thermal conductivity of TiO2-ethylene glycol nanofluid using ultrasonic velocity measurements
Authors: Leena Mohan , Srinivasan Shanmugam , Prabhaharan Marimuthu
Published: July 2015

The nanosized titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The crystalline nature of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray powder diffractometry method. The surface morphology and particle size of the nanoparticles were analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopic method. UV-visible spectroscopy was employed to determine its band gap energy value. The different concentrations of nanofluid samples of TiO2 NPs dispersed in ethylene glycol were prepared and mixed thoroughly by ultrasonication process. The value of ultrasonic velocity and density were measured for the different concentrations of TiO2 nanofluids. The acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, and acoustic impedance were calculated from the experimental data. It was observed that ultrasonic velocity showed linearity with particle concentration, and the results were discussed. In addition to the TiO2-ethylene glycol (particle-fluid) interaction studies, a new methodology was proposed to find the thermal conductivity of nanofluids using ultrasonic velocity.
Studies on Fluorescamine: Part I—Applications of Fluorescamine in Forensic Toxicological Analysis
Authors: Nowicki HG
Published: July 2015

Weigele and co-workers [1,2] reported the structure and synthesis of the reagent 4-phenylspiro [furan-2(3H), 1'-phthalan]-3,3'-dione (fluorescamine), which reacts with substances containing primary amino groups to yield highly fluorescent products. Recently, Undenfriend and co-workers [3–5] published a paper describing the use of fluorescamine in biochemical analysis. This reagent was of interest because of its possible use to improve the detection and differentiation of amphetamine and its relatives in biological samples and solid dosage forms. The main subject of this paper is to present data which clearly demonstrate the use of fluorescamine in forensic toxicological analysis of amphetamine and differentiation from methamphetamine. This reagent also has potential application for analysis of other drugs containing a primary amine group.
Death on the Railway
Authors: Murphy GK
Published: July 2015

Deaths of medicolegal interest occurring or discovered on railroad property have received little or no attention in the recent literature. While studies of deaths associated with other means of transportation, particularly road vehicles and aircraft, have been reported at length and in depth, railroad-related deaths have been accorded only cursory study.
Soft Tissue Radiography in Determining Contact and Near-Contact Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Rivers RL , Miller LB , Loquvam GS
Published: July 2015

Determination of firing distance is an important consideration in the investigation of gunshot wounds. To define this distance as precisely as possible many studies have been proposed and conducted to correlate the deposits remaining on target surfaces with the muzzle-to-target distance. Among these have been microscopic tissue examination [1]; various chemical tests, including atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and so forth [2,3]; and visual examination of powder patterns [4]. Some of these techniques allow correlation of the pattern with an approximate distance. Others only support conclusions of greater or less than a particular distance. Results of these methods become difficult or impossible to assess where surface deposits are destroyed or obliterated. This study describes the application of soft tissue radiography to the characterization of contact and near-contact gunshot wounds independent of surface integrity.
Probabilities and Human Pubic Hair Comparisons
Authors: Gaudette BD
Published: July 2015

Often, when testifying in court, forensic scientists will state that an unknown substance is similar to a known source and that it could have originated from that source or from some other source with similar characteristics. When the substance in question is something like paint or fibers, the courts will have an intuitive feeling for the probabilities involved. However, with pubic hairs it is difficult for the courts to determine the weight to be placed on evidence concerning similarities. If a pubic hair from the scene of a crime is found to be similar to those from a known source, they do not know whether the chances that it could have originated from another source are one in two or one in a billion. In an attempt to provide a “ballpark” estimate of such probabilities, this study was begun.
Problems of Freedom and Responsibility in the Forensic Sciences
Authors: Joling RJ
Published: July 2015

The past Presidential year has been both interesting and challenging. Yet, it has had its moments of tribulation, its hour of concern, and its day of dismay. It has brought insight into problems of momentous concern to the nation as a whole, to individual attitudes of Members and Fellows within the Academy, and to definitive needs for the re-examination of philosophies and purposes underlying the reason for the existence of the Academy.
A Precipitin-lnhibition Test on Denatured Bloodstains for the Determination of Human Origin
Authors: Lee HC , De Forest PR
Published: July 2015

Since the initial discovery of precipitating antibodies by Kraus in 1897 [1] and the demonstration of the precipitin reaction with human blood in vitro by Uhlenhuth in 1901 [2], this reaction has become one of the essential tools of the forensic immunologist. Oudin's tube technique (single diffusion in one dimension) [3], Petrie's plate method (single radial diffusion) [4], Oakley's method of double diffusion in one dimension [5], Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion (double diffusion in two dimensions) [6], or Culliford's crossed-over electrophoresis [7] have been the generally accepted methods for the determination of the species origin of bloodstains. Recently, sensitized latex particles have been used with precipitin sera for the identification of the species of origin of bloodstains [8]. The basic principle of these methods is to bring the bloodstain extract into close-reacting contact with a suitable antiserum. The success of the reaction usually depends on the quality of the antiserum and the presence of soluble precipitin antigens in the bloodstain extract.
Thyrotoxicosis: Postmortem Diagnosis in an Unexpected Death
Authors: Simson LR
Published: July 2015

Thyrotoxicosis, the clinical manifestation of extreme thyroid gland hyperfunction, is readily diagnosed and amenable to therapy. Although physicians recognize the lethal potential of thyrotoxicosis, it does not appear as a diagnosis in several series of unexpected deaths [1,2]. Coe [3], in 1973, discussed the difficulties in making this diagnosis postmortem. This report presents a case of clinically unrecognized thyrotoxicosis presenting as an unexpected death.
The Forensic Identification of Heroin
Authors: Manura JJ , Chao J-M , Saferstein R
Published: July 2015

As a result of the rapid increase in requests and the ever-rising backlog of cases, forensic science laboratories are developing an intense interest in analytical procedures that can provide rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive methods for identifying drugs. However, the forensic chemist must always be aware of the scientific accountability that is expected of him or her in our adversary system of justice. The necessity for performing a specific identification far outweighs any shortcuts that may be adopted to expedite a chemical analysis. As the importance of scientific testimony grows, the courts are becoming more conscious of criteria that must be met to support the admissibility of scientific evidence. The accuracy of heretofore accepted statements and descriptions relating to the identification and comparison of physical evidence is increasingly becoming subject to scrutiny and debate. Practitioners of the law are starting to take advantage of inconsistencies in the scientific literature and the lack of experimental data to discredit an entire scheme of analysis. One only has to examine recent court decisions pertaining to the forensic analysis of marihuana to confirm this trend. The contrasting opinions of experts regarding the number of Cannabis species have served to confuse and, in some instances, discredit a botanical and chemical scheme of analysis that until the present has found general acceptanee in the forensic science community [1,2].
Accelerant Detection in Fire Residues
Authors: Stone IC , Lomonte JN , Fletcher LA , Lowry WT
Published: July 2015

In 1975 personnel at the Institute of Forensic Sciences realized that a full range of analytical technics was not being used in the examination of evidence from suspicious fires. Simple steam distillation was followed by infrared spectroscopic examination, but in a distressing number of cases no apparent accelerant was detected. Midkiff and Washington [1] described the use of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with headspace sampling, and Cain [2] followed with capillary column GLC. Later Yip and Clair [3] developed a system for identifying trace amounts of petroleum produced from fire debris. As they pointed out, the most common accelerants encountered are naphtha (C5 to C8 hydrocarbons), gasoline (C5 to C12 hydrocarbons), and fuel oils (C8 to C22 hydrocarbons). From work described in these papers, modifications suitable to available instrumentation evolved.
The Question of Disguise in Handwriting
Authors: Webb FE
Published: July 2015

Is the handwriting disguised? This question almost constantly confronts the document examiner making comparisons of handwriting in the criminal evidence field. If the questioned writing is not disguised, the known specimens very likely may be. The question of whether the disguise, if present, has an effect on the comparison being made must be resolved before any positive results can be achieved, and there are times when skillful disguise may make it impossible to reach positive results.