bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Coating Obtained through the Sol-Gel Method to Protect Metallic Surfaces against Corrosion
Authors: Berbel Larissa Oliveira , Pinto Rodrigues Paulo Rogério , Banczek Everson do Prado
Published: September 2014

Before metallic materials are painted, surface pre-treatments are usually applied, these are known as conversion treatments. Such treatments aim to slow the degradation of the organic coating/metallic substrate system in aggressive environments. Amongst the most effective conversion coatings for aluminum and its alloys, is the chromatization. However, the high toxicity of this process waste has led industry to ban the chromatization process from the market and seek new procedures to protect metallic surfaces which, at the same time, present lower toxicity and are efficient to protect against corrosion. This study aims to obtain a coating composed of aluminum oxide on the Al AA 3003 alloy, as a potential method to substitute the chromatization process. A study on the protection properties against corrosion of the base metal, coated with oxide, was developed. Open circuit potential tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves were carried out in a Na2SO40,5 molL-1solution and pH 4,0. The morphology characterization was performed employing the scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the new coating presented better behavior than the chromatized samples, suggesting that the former can substitute the chrome coating.
Comparison of the Microstructural Effects between the BH Steel Obtained from Heat Treatment and the IF Steel of High Strength Concerning the Springback Effect
Authors: da Silva Érika Aparecida , dos Santos Pereira Marcelo
Published: September 2014

This work aimed to obtain microstructural changes due to the springback effect in order to compare two conventional high strength steels: the interstitial free steel (IF) and the bake hardening steel (BH). The mechanical characterization of the springback effect was performed by a mechanical forming testing called as the three-point air bending. The geometric changes resulting from the forming process were measured by calculating the aspect ratio. The results show that the BH steel suffers a greater springback effect rate than the IF steel due to the greater mechanical strength of the BH steel, and to the variation of this steel’s aspect ratio, depending on the combination of elongation and mechanical strength. It was concluded that the heat treatment performed on the BH steel increased the mechanical strength of the material without losing its formability.
Strategies for Controlling a Heat Treatment Furnace
Authors: Alves Alcantara Alex , Tannuri Eduardo Aoun
Published: September 2014

A comprehensive set of experiments used to study the temperature distribution inside the chamber of a heat treatment furnace is presented, considering the surface and the core of steel SAE 8640 samples. The objective is to evaluate the best control strategy in order to achieve a better uniformity between the temperature of the core and the surface of the part with the desired temperature of treatment.
Evaluation of the Sinterability of Copper-Substituted Ferrites by Means of Dilatometric Thermal Analysis
Authors: Othéro de Brito Vera Lúcia , Cunha Stéphanie Alá , Ribeiro Uchoas Ana Paula , de Araújo Fabiana Faria , Nunes Cristina Bormio , Genova Luis Antonio
Published: September 2014

Cobalt and cobalt-manganese spinel ferrites have magnetostrictive properties suitable for application in magneto-electric and magneto-mechanical transducers. In this work, copper-substituted ferrites of these compositions were processed by means of the ceramic method and their sinterabilities were evaluated by dilatometric thermal analyses. The results obtained suggest that copper affects the solid-state reactions for the spinel formation and lowers the required sintering temperature for the ferrites. However, the densification obtained with sintering of the copper-substituted ferrites at 950oC for 6h was only 64%, which indicates that further adjustments on the processing route must be made in order to obtain higher densities.
Effect of Solubilization Temperature on the Sigma Phase Precipitation of a Superduplex Stainless Steel
Authors: da Silva Aline , Rodrigues Carlos Alberto , Ancelotti Antonio Carlos , Otoni Corrêa Edmilson , Noronha Melo M.L.M.
Published: September 2014

Superduplex stainless steel is an important class of stainless steels because it combines the benefits of ferrite and austenite phases, resulting in steels with better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, a significant problem of this steel is the precipitation of deleterious phases during heat treatment. Among these precipitated phases, the most relevant is the sigma phase, because it causes higher loss of properties. The objective of this work therefore is to study the sigma phase precipitation in the superduplex stainless steel UNS S32520 when submitted to heat treatment of solubilization in three different temperatures (1050 C, 1150o C and 1250° C) and subsequently aged in the temperature of 850oC during 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 3 hours and 10 hours, followed by water quenching. The results showed that as the solubilization temperature increases, there is a significant grain growth and an increase of the ferrite volumetric fraction, which delays the sigma phase precipitation in this superduplex stainless steel. Moreover, it can be verified that the hardness of the material is directly related to volumetric fraction of sigma present in the steel.
Production and Characterization of Ti-Nb Alloys, Using Powders Obtained by HDH Process Aiming the Development of Biomaterials
Authors: de Oliveira Barbosa Murilo , de Sousa e Silva Rodrigo , Araújo Gerson Fernandes , Rodrigues Lourenço Rayana F. , Vernilli Fernando , Silva Gilbert
Published: September 2014

Titanium is a metal that has high melting point 1668 ° C, the boiling point of 3287° C, low density (4.54 g/cm3) and modulus of elasticity around 12.7 MPa x104. However, one of the most important properties is the biocompatibility, which makes this metal to be the most widely used in biomedical. Several alloys were developed using titanium such as the alloy Ti-6Al-4V, however Al and V show toxic characteristics to the organism. The alloy TiNb has been studied to replace the alloy Ti-6Al-4V, because it presents high biocompatibility, low modulus of elasticity, high corrosion resistance and low toxicity. The alloy TiNb can be obtained by conventional melting route or powder metallurgy, where the powders can be obtained by spray drying, chemical reactions and the process of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation (HDH).The hydrogenation is carried out by inserting hydrogen in the structure of Ti and Nb in vacuum at high temperatures, forming a phase extremely fragile called hydride of Ti and Nb, thus enabling the reduction of particle size by milling. Upon heating under vacuum, the hydrogen is extracted to yield the metals Ti and Nb since the hydrogen forms a reversible phase with metals. This work aims the production and characterization of the alloy TiNb where the powders are obtained through the HDH process, varying the concentration of Nb by weight from 10 to 50%.To analyze the morphology and pore size, formation and composition of phases, we used the techniques of microstructural characterization and mechanical by scanning electron microscopy, BET, X-ray diffraction and compression test. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of Nb in the matrix Ti as well as a decrease in the modulus of elasticity with increase in percentage of Nb.
Design of Costs-Based Metrics for Enhancing the Economics of the Mining Truck Fleet
Authors: Martins Max , Teixeira Carlos , Nader Beck , de Tomi Giorgio
Published: September 2014

Modern mining activities are very intense in capital use, highly mechanized and as a consequence, present high operational costs. In this sense the appeal for managing operational variables adequately is very attractive since these have a huge impact in the overall costs. Reportedly, one of the most expensive mining activities is the transportation of in situ material to its destination. In this regard, the correct management of the important operational variables coupled with the experience gathered in mining operations, allowed the development of a computer system aimed at helping to achieve these management objectives. This paper describes the relation between measurable variables and economic parameters obtained in one important large scale Brazilian mine and how they interact and relate to each other in order to facilitate the decision making process.
Niobium Sintering Process Using Design of Experiment: Taguchi`s Method
Authors: Ribeiro Rosinei B. , Vernilli Fernando , Silva Gilbert , Veloso de Oliveira Rafaela , Silva Messias B.
Published: September 2014

Experiment project is an applied methodology in several areas, aiming at the improvement of the productivity and the reduction of the variability, seeking to generate information to guide the decisions during the research and the development of new materials [1,2]. In this work it was studied the optimization of the sintering process of the niobium characterized by the techniques metallography and also for systems of digital processing and images analysis, in agreement with the technical norms [3,4].
Organofilization of Smectite Clay from Pedra Lavrada, PB, with Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Silva Isabelle Albuquerque , Chaves Alexsandra Cristina , Figueirêdo Julliana Marques Rocha , Silva Carla Dantas , Neves Gelmires Araújo , Ferreira Heber Carlos
Published: September 2014

The petroleum industry has been investing for many years in the use of smectite as dispersant agent in the composition of oil-based and water-based fluids for drilling oil wells. The State of Paraíba is one of the largest producers of such clays and new deposits have been recently discovered in the regions of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, causing many expectations for the expansion of the national mineral production. The objective of the present work is the organofilization of smectite clay from Pedra Lavrada, PB, through the addition of nonionic surfactant. After organofilization, the clay was characterized through X-ray diffraction and Foster swelling, so that the most suitable surfactant could be chosen for diesel as organic dispersant media. The results show that the incorporation of the surfactant used with the clay caused a significant increase in the interlamellar distance, and that the dispersions presented rheological properties that meet Petrobras' specifications for the use of organoclays in non aqueous based drilling fluids. Keywords: Smectite, drilling fluids, organofilization.
Purification of Bentonite Clays from Cubati, PB, Brazil, for Diversified Applications
Authors: Figueirêdo J.M.R. , Cartaxo Juliana Melo , Silva I.A. , Silva C.D. , Neves Gelmires Araújo , Ferreira Heber Carlos
Published: September 2014

The State of Paraíba, Brazil, retains about 88.5% of all Brazilian bentonite, and much of this production comes from deposits in the District of Boa Vista, PB. Nevertheless, the deposits are almost depleted. Recently, new deposits were found, which will increases the reserves of the State, in the regions of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, PB. The objective of this work is to characterize and develop purified clays, through sieving and hydrocycloning techniques, from those recently discovered bentonites for several applications. The characterization of the sample was done through granulometric analysis by laser diffraction, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The results show that the samples are typical of bentonite clays, and that the purification solely by hydrocyclone presents the best results.
Study of Variables in the Organofilization Process of Bentonite Clays from Cubati, PB, Brazil, with Ionic Surfactants
Authors: da Silva Carla Dantas , Lima Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira , Figueirêdo Julliana Marques Rocha , Silva Isabelle Albuquerque , Neves Gelmires de Araújo , Ferreira Heber Carlos
Published: September 2014

Organoclays are used as disperse agent in the composition of drilling fluids, which play important roles during the drilling of petroleum wells. This work is intended to develop several kinds of smectite from Cubati-PB for use in drilling fluids, using the ionic surfactant Praepagen WB. The following materials were used: natural Gray and Superior Green bentonite, from the town of Cubati-PB, and quaternary ammonium salts: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The organoclays were characterized by laser diffraction granulometric analysis, chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. In general, we noticed that the clays present diffractograms and thermal behavior typical of bentonites. The results showed that the studied clay has potential for organofilization. With respect to the process variables, we observed that they do not interfere in the organofilization process.
Scientific and Technological Study of the Modulus of Elasticity and Chemical Abnormalities of a Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Alloy Used in Hip Prosthesis
Authors: da Silva Morais Crislene Rodrigues , da Silva Nascimento José Jefferson , de Oliveira Bezerra Ewerton , Filho Francisco Pinto , Falcão Gabriela Amorim Muniz
Published: September 2014

Titanium alloys and stainless steel have been widely used in the production of prostheses, medical and dental devices, due to resistance and anticorrosive properties. Despite that, the values of the elastic modulus of these alloys are about 3-5 times higher than the human bone. So, many researches have sought alternatives to these alloys, in order to obtain alloys with good mechanical strength, low modulus of elasticity and excellent biofunctionality. This work highlights by scientific and technological form, the collection and analysis of the module of elasticity and chemical composition, related to normalizations. The properties obtained, being inadequate, highlights the danger of bone absorption, causing loss of adhesion of the prosthesis and reducing its useful life, In addition, chemical abnormalities are a fundamental problem in terms of risk. Results of this study are shown and analyzed.
Temperature Control Responses of Structural Clay Masonry Blocks
Authors: Azeredo Neila Gondim , Alexandre Jonas , Azevedo Afonso Rangel Garcez , Xavier Gustavo de Castro , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Monteiro Sergio Neves
Published: September 2014

The compressive strength as well as other technical properties of structural clay masonry blocks are usually significantly affected by the firing temperature. The present work studied the temperature control response of structural clay masonry blocks when changing the firing condition from 700 to 800°C. Structural clay blocks fired at 700°C in an industrial furnace were compared with those fired in a laboratory electrical muffle furnace at 800°C. Both water absorption and compressive strength tests were carried out for the different brick samples. The block sample fired at 700°C failed to attend both the water absorption and the compressive strength requirements for structural elements. By contrast, after 800°C firing, the laboratory sample attended the water absorption specifications and showed higher compressive strength within the Brazilian standards.
Influence of the Dry Bulk Density on the Properties of Ceramic Paver Body
Authors: Candido Veronica Scarpini , Pinheiro Regina Maria , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes
Published: September 2014

This work has as its objective to evaluate the influence of the dry bulk density in precursor body formulations developed to fabricate ceramic paver. Cylindrical specimens were uniaxial press-molded into two dry bulk density ranges, 1.99-2.05 g/cm3and 2.18-2.23 g/cm3, from three formulations elaborated with clays, argillite and grog and then fired at 850 and 950oC. The evaluated properties were: water absorption and uniaxial compression strength. The results indicated that the packing during the forming stage is an important technological parameter that significantly influences the evaluated properties.
Characterization of a Quartzite Residue and its Application in Red Clay Ceramics
Authors: Babisk Michelle Pereira , Ribeiro Wagner Souza , de Aguiar Mariane Costalonga , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Hollanda Vidal Francisco Wilson
Published: September 2014

The fabrication of conventional red clay ceramics products for civil construction, such as bricks and roofing tiles, normally uses other raw materials like sand, in addition to clay, as a way to condition the final ceramic properties. Quartzite residues, from ornamental stone processing in the northeast region of Brazil, could be used as possible conditioner material for clay body in a ceramic industry owing to its similar characteristics to common sand. In the present work, complementing a recent publication on the same materials, a quartzite residue was characterized and its potential as a red clay ceramic addition was evaluated for different composition up to 40 wt%. The results indicated economical advantages in association with some technical benefits.
Analysis of the Y-TZP Ceramic Substucture in Blasting with Aluminum Oxide before and after Sintering
Authors: Melo-Silva C.L. , Carvalho C.F. , Melo-Silva T.C.F. , Freitas R.X. , Silva F.R.F. , Lins J.F.C.
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microstructure of a ceramic based on yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) in blasting with aluminum oxide and its effect on the sintering. 25 pre-sintered Y-TZP blocks were obtained. Ten samples were blasted with alumina, and then all samples were sintered and divided into the groups: Control-no treatment; alumina G1-blasted with alumina and sintered; alumina and Rocatec G1-blasted, sintered, and Rocatec; alumina G2-sintered, alumina blasting; alumina and Rocatec G2-sintering, alumina blasting, and Rocatec. The samples were evaluated by a scanning electron microscopy. The qualitative analysis showed that the treated samples had an increase in the surface texture and that group 1– alumina and Rocatec– presented the silica incorporation to be regular and homogeneous. It was concluded that the treatment of pre-sintered surfaces is a good alternative in the bonding strength between the Y-TZP and the resin cements.
Use of Natural Kaolinite Clay as an Adsorbent to Remove PB(II), CD(II), and CU(II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Aragão Débora Martins , Arguelho Maria de Lara P.M. , Prado Carolina Mangieri Oliveira , Alves José do Patrocinio Hora
Published: September 2014

Natural kaolinite clay collected in the State of Sergipe (northeast Brazil) was used as an adsorbent for the ions Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+present in aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium was reached rapidly, enabling use of a contact time of 30 minutes, and maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 7.0. For all three metal ions, the adsorption data could be fitted using the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption process obeyed a pseudo-second order kinetic model.
Influence of Two-Step Sintering on Ceramic Nanocomposites Microstructure
Authors: Rodrigues Leandro , Chinelatto Adilson Luiz , Chinelatto Adriana Scoton Antonio
Published: September 2014

Two-step sintering has been able to produce fully dense bodies and with controlled grain size, without pressure during sintering. In this study, it was studied the sintering behavior of alumina-5% vol zirconia powders submitted to high energy milling. For this, the mixture of 5% vol of Y2O3partially stabilized zirconia and 95% vol alumina powder was performed by high-energy ball milling (Spex 8000) with a ball ratio: mass of material at 7:1, in a steel vial with balls of steel, in milling times from 0 to 7 hours. The milled powders were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After milling, the powders were uniaxially pressed and two-step sintered with heating at a temperature of 1500 oC for 5 minutes, cooling until 1450°C and then sintering at this temperature for 2 hours. The sintered composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, apparent density and scanning electron microscopy. The results were compared with the conventional sintering and showed that the microstructure of the nanocomposites appears more refined and homogeneous when they are sintered in steps.
Preparation of Zeolite MCM-22 Using the Rice Husk Ash as Silica Source
Authors: dos Santos Everton Ranny Ferreira , Sousa Aécio Barbosa , Leite Romulo Charles Nascimento , Laborde Hervé Michel , Menezes Romualdo Rodrigues , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia
Published: September 2014

Brazil is a great producer of rice generating large amounts of husks after rice processing. These hulls contain high percentage of SiO2, and a great potential as raw material for the development of silica based materials, as zeolites. Thus, this work aims to use the silica of rice hulls as an alternative raw material for the production of zeolite MCM-22. This material was characterized through X-ray diffraction, X-ray spectrophotometry and physical adsorption of N2 (BET). The diffraction pattern of precursor MCM-22 presented typical peaks of topology MWW. Calcined sample did not presented peaks related with the organic material used in of the zeolite MCM-22, indicating that the thermal treatment was efficient for organic removal. It was confirmed, through the EDX, that the synthesized materials present high amount of SiO2 and low quantity of Al2O3. The BET isotherms indicated that the materials presented structures with microporous, concluding that the alternative silica was promisingly for the development of zeolites.
Synthesis and Characterization of MCM-41 by XRD, Adsorption Capacity and Foster Swelling Tests
Authors: da Silva Marcílio Máximo , Patrício Aline Cadigena Lima , de Sousa Anna Karoline Freires , Freire Rodrigues Meiry Glaúcia , da Silva Marta Lígia Pereira
Published: September 2014

The main objective was to synthesize in the laboratory and characterize the molecular sieve MCM-41. This study has a strong experimental character. The hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 100 ° C for a period of 7 days. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, EDX, Adsorption Capacity and the Foster Swelling test. Through XRD verified the formation of mesoporous structure. Different organic solvents, namely gasoline, diesel and kerosene were used. The Foster Swelling Test results indicated that the affinity of molecular sieve MCM-41 occurred in the treated clay tested in all organic solvents (gasoline, diesel, kerosene), without and with agitation.
Low Temperature Effect in Electrical Properties of Sintered Copper-Nickel-Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Monteiro Waldemar Alfredo , Carrió Juan Alfredo Guevara , da Silveira Claudia R. , Carvalhal Marcelo , Masson Terezinha J.
Published: September 2014

The major effort of sintered metallic alloys (compression, homogenization and sintering of metallic powder) is the observation of the evolution of electrical conductivity, mechanical properties (microhardness tests) and microstructures changes after appropriate thermomechanical treatments with the use of copper-nickel-aluminum alloys as electric material. In this case, the purpose was to verify the possible changes in these materials when subjected at low temperatures. Samples of Cux%Niy%Alz%initially compressed, sintered and homogenized were characterized by optical metallography (microstructure) and mechanical strength (hardness Vickers) at room temperature. Data of x-ray diffraction of polycrystalline samples were collected with a conventional Difractometer. After this was made measurements of electrical properties (electrical conductivity) at low temperatures of samples obtained from precursors of high purity in powder form, for the study of the influence of powder metallurgy processes in physical properties of metallic alloys in this condition.
Romans 8:3–4 and God’s resolution of the threefold problems of sin, the incapability of the law and the weakness of the flesh
Authors: Venter Dirk J.
Published: September 2014

Ensuing from the argument of Romans 7:7–25, 8:3–4 presents ‘the incapability of the law’ as a significant part of the greater problem of sin that needed resolution. This is brought to the fore best when the opening clause of Romans 8:3 (τὸ ... ἀδύνατον) is seen as an accusative of respect with dependant clauses and not as an anacoluthon as is often supposed. This opening clause points out sin’s two concomitant problems as (within this context) the primary points of reference in regard to which the claims of Romans 8:3–4 are made. Consequently, in Romans 8:3–4 Paul addresses the resolution of this threefold problem. In Romans 8:3 in particular, he argues that, through the mission of God’s Son, the problems of sin and the weakness of the flesh are resolved by the condemnation of sin in the flesh (of Christ). This has the purpose-result of also resolving the problem of the incapability of the law through Christ’s fulfilment of the requirement of the law (Rm 8:4).Romeine 8:3–4 en God se oplossing van die drievoudige probleem van sonde, die onvermoë van die wet en die swakheid van die vlees. In die lig van Romeine 7:7–25 impliseer 8:3–4 dat die ‘onvermoë van die wet’ ‘n noemenswaardige deel van die groter probleem van die sonde was wat opgelos moes word. Hierdie insig tree veral duidelik na vore wanneer die sinsnede waarmee Romeine 8:3 begin (τὸ ... ἀδύνατον) geïdentifiseer word as ‘n akkusatief van opsig (met bysinne) en nie, soos dikwels veronderstel word, ‘n anakoluthon nie. Die twee probleme wat met sonde gepaard gaan (die onvermoë van die wet en die swakheid van die vlees), word dus deur Paulus uitgelig as die primêre verwysingspunte ten opsigte waarvan die stellings in Romeine 8:3–4 gemaak word. In Romeine 8:3 wys Paulus dat God, deur sy Seun te stuur, die probleme van die sonde en die vlees aangespreek het deurdat die sonde in die vlees (van Christus) veroordeel is. Dit het die doel-gevolg gehad dat die meegaande probleem van die onvermoë van die wet ook opgelos is, aangesien Christus die vereiste van die wet vervul het (Rom 8:4).
Die liefde wat die son beweeg en die ander sterre: Digterlike transendering – tot die vermenigvuldigde lewe ontroer
Authors: Robinson A.S.
Published: September 2014

The love that moves the sun and the other stars – Poetic transcendence, stirred to live the multifaceted life: The oeuvre of T.T. Cloete may be characterised, among other possibilities, by a sensitive perception of a mystic interconnectedness in creation. This interconnectedness is developed and interpreted in many ways. The poetic potential of the female (Woman), in different forms, is one of the central themes being activated. In a recently published de luxe publication, Uit die wit lig van my land gesny, the poet focuses on the creative role of woman in the grand act of creation, identifying her role as a kind of hair-spring of poetic inspiration and design. Woman, alternatively Anna Perenna, the Universal Mother, is not only bearer of an embryo being transformed unto spirit, but she also acts as a source of light (’sun woman’), actualising cosmic insight. It is part of the interwoven patterns characterising humankind’s place in a hologram of life. The poet compares these poetic patterns to the weaving of Persian rugs. The ancient forms inscribed in the memories of ancestors are communicated to the next generation. Poetic transcendence is developed as a process through which a wealth of colours of life and death is inspired by individual as well as universal femininity.
Bovine trypanosomosis prevalence at the edge of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ntantiso Lundi , De Beer Chantel , Marcotty Tanguy , Latif Abdalla A.
Published: September 2014

The northern KwaZulu-Natal (NKZN) region of South Africa is the southern limit of the African tsetse belt. Entomological information on Glossina brevipalpis and Glossina austeni was generated following the outbreak of trypanosomosis in cattle in 1990. However, these data have not been supported by parallel studies on epidemiology of the disease and therefore there has been no control policy in place. This study presented the first intensive investigations to address the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in NKZN. Tsetse abundance, trypanosome herd average prevalence (HAP), herd average anaemia (HAA) and herd average packed cell volume (HA-PCV) were investigated at three communal diptanks located at the edge of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park by monthly sampling from June 2006 – November 2007. Seasonal trypanosome surveys were conducted at seven other communal diptanks. Glossina brevipalpis prevalence was high at two of the diptanks, Mvutshini and Ekuphindisweni, but low at Ocilwane, whilst G. austeni was only collected from Mvutshini. This high and low tsetse challenge presented different disease scenarios. Cattle at Mvutshini and Ekuphindisweni had the highest HAP of 12.3% and 8.9% respectively, both significantly different (p = 0.001) from the HAP obtained from cattle at Ocilwane (2.9%). These two cattle herds also had the highest HAA, 27.7% and 33.4% respectively, whilst cattle at Ocilwane had the lowest, 11.1% (p = 0.001). Conversely, cattle at Ocilwane had the highest HA-PCV, ranging between 29.0% and 32.0%, whilst cattle at Mvutshini and Ekuphindisweni had the lowest HA-PCV (24.0% – 29.0%). By combining the data from the three diptanks (1318 observations), 62.0% of the infected cattle were found anaemic, compared to 20.0% in the uninfected group. Trypanosome seasonal surveys showed that cattle at all the seven diptanks were infected with trypanosomes; mean HAP, HAA and HA-PCV of 10.2%, 46.6% and 23.7%, respectively. This study generated information on the epidemiological factors related to the wide spread of trypanosome-infected cattle and tsetse flies. Trypanosomosis is a disease of economic importance impacting the livelihood of resource-poor farmers in NKZN.
John Locke
Authors: Moseley Alexander , Bailey Richard
Published: September 2014

A major international reference series providing comprehensive accounts of the work of seminal educational thinkers from a variety of periods, disciplines and traditions. It is the most ambitious and prestigious such project ever published – a definitive resource for at least a generation. The thinkers include: Aquinas, Aristotle, Bourdieu, Bruner, Dewey, Foucault, Freire, Holt, Kant, Locke, Montessori, Neill, Newman, Owen, Peters, Piaget, Plato, Rousseau, Steiner, Vygotsky, West and Wollstonecraft. John Locke is indisputably a major thinker in education. Alexander Moseley’s volume offers the most coherent account of Locke’s educational thought. This work is divided into:Intellectual biography Critical exposition of Locke’s workThe reception and influence of Locke’s work and The relevance of the work today.
St Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Boland OP Vivian , Bailey Richard
Published: September 2014

A major international reference series providing comprehensive accounts of the work of seminal educational thinkers from a variety of periods, disciplines and traditions. It is the most ambitious and prestigious such project ever published - a definitive resource for at least a generation. The thinkers include: Aquinas, Aristotle, Bourdieu, Bruner, Dewey, Foucault, Freire, Holt, Kant, Locke, Montessori, Neill, Newman, Owen, Peters, Piaget, Plato, Rousseau, Steiner, Vygotsky, West and Wollstonecraft. St Thomas Aquinas is indisputably a major thinker in education. Vivian Boland’s volume offers the most coherent account of Aquinas’s educational thought. This work is divided into: Intellectual biography Critical exposition of Aquinas’s work The reception and influence of Aquinas’s work and The relevance of the work today.
Sports Discourse
Authors: Schirato Tony
Published: September 2014

This book both defines sports discourse, and provides an account of the different discourses that are utilized and come into play when the field of sport speaks. It shows how the sports communities have been addressed over time by various speakers, across various multimodal genres. Tony Schirato looks first at how discourse can be viewed as a form of work, something that produces and naturalizes meanings, and habituates the way we see the world.

Grounding this exploration is an account of the development of the field of sport as a specific discursive regime, one that is both reflected and refracted by the dominant discourses and values of the time. These discourses have become naturalized and shape activities and materialities at local and global levels.

The book ends with an examination of how new technologies and the Web are changing sports discourse, in some cases radically via online commentary, Twitter and user-generated content.
The Novel
Authors: Moore Steven
Published: September 2014

Having excavated the world's earliest novels in his previous book, literary historian Steven Moore explores in this sequel the remarkable flowering of the novel between the years 1600 and 1800—from Don Quixote to America's first big novel, an homage to Cervantes entitled Modern Chivalry. This is the period of such classic novels as Tom Jones, Candide, and Dangerous Liaisons, but beyond the dozen or so recognized classics there are hundreds of other interesting novels that appeared then, known only to specialists: Spanish picaresques, French heroic romances, massive Chinese novels, Japanese graphic novels, eccentric English novels, and the earliest American novels. These minor novels are not only interesting in their own right, but also provide the context needed to appreciate why the major novels were major breakthroughs. The novel experienced an explosive growth spurt during these centuries as novelists experimented with different forms and genres: epistolary novels, romances, Gothic thrillers, novels in verse, parodies, science fiction, episodic road trips, and family sagas, along with quirky, unclassifiable experiments in fiction that resemble contemporary, avant-garde works. As in his previous volume, Moore privileges the innovators and outriders, those who kept the novel novel.
The Trojan Horse
Authors: Philips Deborah , Whannel Garry
Published: September 2014

The Trojan Horse traces the growth of commercial sponsorship in the public sphere since the 1960s, its growing importance for the arts since 1980 and its spread into areas such as education and health. The authors’ central argument is that the image of sponsorship as corporate benevolence has served to routinize and legitimate the presence of commerce within the public sector. The central metaphor is of such sponsorship as a Trojan Horse helping to facilitate the hollowing out of the public sector by private agencies and private finance.

The authors place the study in the context of the more general colonization of the state by private capital and the challenge posed to the dominance of neo-liberal economics by the recent global financial crisis. After considering the passage from patronage to sponsorship and outlining the context of the post-war public sector since 1945, it analyses sponsorship in relation to Thatcherism, enterprise culture and the restructuring of public provision during the 1980s. It goes on to examine the New Labour years, and the ways in which sponsorship has paved the way for the increased use of private-public partnerships and private finance initiatives within the public sector in the UK.
Aesthetics and Morality
Authors: Schellekens Elisabeth
Published: September 2014

Aesthetic and moral value are often seen to go hand in hand. They do so not only practically, such as in our everyday assessments of artworks that raise moral questions, but also theoretically, such as in Kant’s theory that beauty is the symbol of morality. Some philosophers have argued that it is in the relation between aesthetic and moral value that the key to an adequate understanding of either notion lies. But difficult questions abound. Must a work of art be morally admirable in order to be aesthetically valuable? How, if at all, do our moral values shape our aesthetic judgements - and vice versa?

Aesthetics and Morality is a stimulating and insightful inquiry into precisely this set of questions. Elisabeth Schellekens explores the main ideas and debates at the intersection of aesthetics and moral philosophy. She invites readers to reflect on the nature of beauty, art and morality, and provides the philosophical knowledge to render such reflection more rigorous. This original, inspiring and entertaining book sheds valuable new light on a notably complex and challenging area of thought.
Classical Spirituality in Contemporary America
Authors: Pittman Michael S.
Published: September 2014

G.I. Gurdjieff (d. 1949) remains an important, if controversial, figure in early 20th-century Western Esoteric thought. Born in the culturally diverse region of the Caucasus, Gurdjieff traveled in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere in search of practical spiritual knowledge. Though oftentimes allusive, references to Sufi teachings and characters take a prominent position in Gurdjieff's work and writings. Since his death, a discourse on Gurdjieff and Sufism has developed through the contributions as well as critiques of his students and interlocutors. J.G. Bennett began an experimental 'Fourth Way' school in England in the 1970s which included the introduction of Sufi practices and teachings. In America this discourse has further expanded through the collaboration and engagement of contemporary Sufi teachers. This work does not simply demonstrate the influence of Gurdjieff and his ideas, but approaches the specific discourse on and about Gurdjieff and Sufism in the context of contemporary religious and spiritual teachings, particularly in the United States, and highlights some of the adaptive, boundary-crossing, and hybrid features that have led to the continuing influence of Sufism.
The Sacred and the Cinema
Authors: Nayar Sheila J.
Published: September 2014

For more than half a century now, scholars have debated over what comprises a ‘genuinely’ religious film one that evinces an ‘authentic’ manifestation of the sacred. Often these scholars do so by pitting the ‘successful’ films against those which propagate an inauthentic spiritual experience with the biblical spectacular serving as their most notorious candidate. Â This book argues that what makes a filmic manifestation of the sacred true or authentic may say more about a spectator or critic’s particular way of knowing, as influenced by alphabetic literacy, than it does about the aesthetic or philosophical and sometimes even faith-based dimensions of the sacred onscreen. Engaging with everything from Hollywood religious spectaculars, Hindu mythologicals, and an international array of films revered for their ‘transcendental style,’ The Sacred and the Cinema unveils the epistemic pressures at the heart of engaging with the sacred onscreen. The book also provides a valuable summation of the history of the sacred as a field of study, particularly as that field intersects with film.
Religion and the Inculturation of Human Rights in Ghana
Authors: Atiemo Abamfo Ofori
Published: September 2014

It has been maintained that the secular nature of modern human rights makes them incompatible with the religious orientation of African and non-Western societies. However, in view of the resilience of religion in the global and local public sphere, it is important to explore how religion can contribute to the promotion and enjoyment of human rights.

Based on fieldwork conducted in Ghana, Abamfo Ofori Atiemo here establishes a convergence between human rights and local religious and cultural values in African societies. He argues that human rights represent universal ‘dream values’. This allows for a cultural embedding of human rights in Ghana and other non-Western societies. He argues that ‘dream values’ are usually presented in religious language and proclaimed, for example, by prophets and seers or expressed in certain forms of taboo, proverbs or legal norms. He employs the concept of inculturation, adaptation of the way Church teachings are presented to non-Christian cultures, as a hermeneutical tool for developing a model to understand the encounter between universal human rights and local cultures.

Offering a new model for explaining the relation between religion and human rights, Religion and the Inculturation of Human Rights in Ghana offers a novel perspective on the links between global trends and local cultures underpinned by strong currents of religious ideas.
Globalization and International Education
Authors: Shields Robin
Published: September 2014

Globalization and International Education introduces key international issues in education and considers the changes in education stemming from the rapid social, economic and cultural transformations associated with globalization. Grounded in a strong conceptual, theoretical framework, this accessible text will guide the reader through this evolving area. Reflective exercises, chapter summaries and useful websites will encourage and support student learning and the application of new concepts. Recent debate and developments are considered, including: - international aid, education and development - education in conflict and emergencies - education and the ‘knowledge economy’ Globalization and International Education is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students studying education.
Mid-Victorian Studies
Authors: Tillotson Geoffrey , Tillotson Kathleen
Published: September 2014

This collection of lectures, broadcasts, reviews, and articles (several of which have not previously been published) embraces many aspects of the English literary scene in the middle of the nineteenth century. Though various in origin the collection has this unity: it has been the constant concern of its authors for many years that the great and lasting contribution of the mid-Victorian period to our literature should be fully vindicated, and its appraisal based upon secure foundations of critical scholarship. The book has moreover an obvious connection with the volume on the mid-nineteenth century which the Tillotsons are preparing for the Oxford History of English Literature, though the items included here are not samples of that history but rather ‘milestones, or halting places, in the several ways that lead towards it’. There are important studies of Carlyle, John Henry Newman, Tennyson, Clough, Matthew Arnold, and George Eliot. These, however, represent only one side of the book’s interest, for there are accounts of writers famous in their day, as Harriett Mozley and Charlotte M. Yonge, but since the cross-currents at work in the period, notably Writers and Readers in 1851’, which vividly convey much of the quality of the momentous years in which so many masterpieces were produced. At several points indeed the volume demonstrates that the truth about the literature of the nineteenth century, in distinction (for the most part) to that of earlier centuries, may be recovered complete.
Shakespeare’s Books
Authors: Gillespie Stuart
Published: September 2014

This encyclopedia-style Dictionary is a comprehensive reference guide to Shakespeare’s literary knowledge and recent scholarship on it. Nearly 200 entries cover the full range of literary writing Shakespeare was acquainted with, and which influenced his own work, including classical, historical, religious and contemporary works. It provides an overview of his use of authors such as Virgil, Chaucer, Erasmus, Marlowe and Samuel Daniel, whose influence is across the canon. Other entries cover anonymous or collective works such as the Bible, Emblems, Homilies, Chronicle History plays and the Morality tradition in drama. Entries cover writers and works whose importance to Shakespeare has emerged more clearly in recent years due to new research. Others describe and explain current thinking on long-recognized sources such as Plutarch, Ovid, Holinshed, Ariosto and Montaigne. Entries for all major sources, over 80 in number, feature surveys of the writer’s place in Shakespeare’s time, detailed discussion of the relationship to Shakespeare’s plays and poems, and full bibliography. Sample passages from writers and texts of early modern England allow the volume to be used also as a reader in the literature commonly known in Shakespeare’s era; these excerpts, together with reproductions of pages and illustrations from the original texts, convey the flavor of the material as Shakespeare would have encountered it.
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians
Authors: Thrall Margaret
Published: September 2014

The keenly awaited second volume completing this major commentary on 2 Corinthians. Volume II covers chapters 8-13. Dr Thrall provides an exegetical verse-by-verse exposition and addresses all historical, linguistic and theological issues. This volume also contains two concluding essays, on the nature of the opposition Paul faced in the Corinthian church, and on Paul's understanding of apostleship, as well as excursuses on particular topics such as the question of Paul's Roman citizenship. The two volumes of this commentary now form the most comprehensive and up-to-date work available on 2 Corinthians.
The People’s Rights
Authors: Churchill Winston Spencer
Published: September 2014

This collection of speeches dates from Churchill’s election of campaign in December 1909, following the rejection of the People’s Budget by the House of Lords and the subsequent dissolution of Parliament. Indeed, Churchill opens by criticising the House of Lords and pleas for a balanced budget, going on to argue for Free Trade and a graduated income tax. Churchill shows a paternalistic yet genuine concern for the plight of the working classes, but abruptly dismisses socialism, clearly advocating a government-operated system of labour exchanges in line with Liberal programmes. Success followed with Churchill re-elected and the ‘People's Budget’ eventually approved by the House of Lords. However, as the Labour Party grew in popularity, the Liberals began to decline. The People’s Rights illustrates Churchill’s role at this turning point in British political history.
Lord Randolph Churchill
Authors: Churchill Winston Spencer
Published: September 2014

In his first biographical work Winston Churchill takes as his subject his father, Lord Randolph Churchill. From his experiences as an independent Tory to leader of the House of Commons, this is an impassioned and political biography which champions Lord Randolph Churchill's tumultuous life and career. This biography, criticized by some as an idealized portrayal of his father, nonetheless provides an illuminating insight into Churchill's own political beliefs and stands as testament to his impressive literary capabilities.
Pragmatic Syntax
Authors: Kiaer Jieun
Published: September 2014

Jieun Kiaer puts forward an argument in this book that the grammar of a language directly underpins the processing of the language, in real time. This is a view that runs against the orthodoxy of linguistic theorizing for the last 50 years, which has insisted that languages have to be characterized in terms that make little or no reference to the dynamics of language use.

This orthodox view fails to fit languages in which the verb has to be at the end of the clause - which encompasses more than half of the world’s languages. Thus, as this book shows, these languages remain very problematic for conventional theories. Using a mixture of corpus methods, sentence structure analysis, prosody and psycholinguistic theory, Kiaer redresses this imbalance. The data features both Korean and English example and it functions as one of the very first general introductions to Dynamic Syntax available.