bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review Exploring the Relationship Between Family Factors and Symptom Severity, Relapse and Social or Occupational Functioning in First‐Episode Psychosis
Authors: Keegan Clodagh , Brown Katie , Gaynor Keith
Published: January 2025

Aims

Research on family functioning in psychosis has typically focused on specific family‐related factors and their impact on symptomatology, finding strong associations between high expressed emotion and poor outcomes, especially in those with long‐term illness. The objective of this review is to examine the impact of a broad range of family‐related factors and their relationship with clinical, social, occupational and relational outcomes in first‐episode psychosis (FEP).

Method

A systematic search of databases PsycInfo, Pubmed, Embase and CINHAL between 1990 and August 2023 was completed. In total, 1408 articles were screened, and study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklists for analytical cross‐sectional studies and cohort studies. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse the data.

Results

Of the 1408 identified articles, 80 full‐text articles were screened. Fifteen studies were included for data extraction. The objectives and scope of the selected studies varied considerably. Studies consisted of cross‐sectional and prospective cohort designs. Participants consisted of FEP patients and family members, with the patient age range varying from 15.9 to 30.8 (MD = 24.5). Significant associations were identified between family factors (high EE, family environment and carer burden) and symptom and social outcomes.

Discussion

While findings emphasised the significant impact of family factors on symptomatic and social outcomes, the literature had significant limitations due to the absence of underlying theoretical models and understanding of the dynamics of distress in families within FEP. Future research should seek to develop a model accounting for such processes.
Changes in pressure distribution of the solar surface after a single trimming event are associated with external hoof measurements in the equine fore foot
Authors: Seery Sarah , Gardiner James , Bates Karl T. , Pinchbeck Gina , Clegg Pete , Ireland Joanne L. , Milner Peter I.
Published: January 2025

Background

Trimming is critical for a functioning equine hoof. Pressure distribution provides information on loading; however, information on the effects of trimming on pressure distribution is lacking.

Objectives

To describe the pressure changes of equine fore feet following trimming.

Study design

Cross‐sectional cohort study.

Methods

Fifty sound horses were recruited. Eighteen external hoof measures of the dorsal, lateral, medial and solar aspects were obtained before and after trimming from 94 fore feet. Horses were walked over a pressure mat before and after trimming and pressure maps of the solar surface created. Percentage change in hoof measures were assessed. Factors associated with an increase in pressure in the frog region after trimming were entered into a forward likelihood ratio logistic regression model. Odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and area under the curve receiver operator characteristics (AUROC) were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at a cut‐off value of p = 0.5.

Results

Trimming resulted in a significant increase in pressure, topographically mapped to the frog region, in 12/94 (13% 95% CI 6; 20) feet. Percentage difference in bearing border length (OR 0.66 95% CI 0.51; 0.86), heel buttress to centre of pressure distance (OR 1.30 95% CI 1.10; 1.53), heel angle (lateral side) (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.04; 1.19) and heel length (medial side) (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.85; 0.99) were retained in the final model associated with increased pressure in the frog region following trimming. AUROC was excellent (0.94 95% CI 0.88; 0.99) with fair sensitivity (58% [95% CI 50; 66]) and excellent specificity (98% [95% CI 78; 118]).

Main limitations

Subjective lameness exam; horse velocity unmeasured.

Conclusions

Measuring pressure changes over the solar surface of the equine fore foot after trimming identified that an increased pressure in the frog region was linked to specific changes in hoof shape.
What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Nevill Thom , Keely Jessica , Skoss Rachel , Collins Rachel , Langdon Katherine , Mills Jaquie , Downs Jenny
Published: January 2025

Background

Appropriate support for the health of children with an intellectual disability by parents and healthcare professionals is pivotal, given the high risk of chronic conditions. However, there is limited research that has collected important insights from parents on their learnings for supporting their child's evolving healthcare needs.

Aim

This study focuses on parents' experiences and learnings from managing and supporting the health of their child with intellectual disability. It aims to understand what parents wish they had known earlier, the essential knowledge and skills they needed to manage their child's health.

Method

A qualitative study was carried out using semi‐structured interviews with 21 parents of adolescents and young people with intellectual disability. The children had chronic health conditions that fell into six health domains, including (1) difficulties with movement and physical activity, (2) epilepsy, (3) dental care, (4) respiratory health and infection, (5) behaviour, mental health or sleep and (6) gastrointestinal health.

Results

Thematic analysis yielded five themes: (1) optimising mutual engagement between healthcare professionals and families; (2) planning and practising effective healthcare; (3) having the right information at the right time; (4) finding the support that was needed and (5) navigating healthcare and disability systems. Over time, parents developed specific skills and knowledge for managing their child's health effectively. Some parents expressed regret for not seeking support and information about their child's health conditions earlier. Parents described how mutual engagement between healthcare professionals and parents optimised the management of their child's healthcare.

Conclusion

The study found that managing the health of a child with intellectual disability is complex. The themes were consistent across health comorbidities, indicating important common experiences. The themes aligned with conceptualisations of health literacy, suggesting that improving health literacy skills can help parents better manage their children's health conditions.

Patient or Public Contribution

We developed the project in consultation with members of the public who have lived experience of parenting a child with intellectual disability. They commented on the study aims, interview schedule, participant recruitment and provided feedback on the analysis and discussion.
DNA from museum samples of a parasitoid wasp genus (Braconidae: Syntretus) offers novel insights into host‐parasitoid interactions
Authors: Folly Arran J. , Porter Hannah‐Rose , Galloway Jim A. M. , Schmidt Stefan , Shaw Mark R. , Broad Gavin R. , Gammans Nikki , Brown Mark J. F. , Barnes Ian , Brace Selina
Published: January 2025

Parasitoid wasps are a large group of species‐rich superfamilies within the order Hymenoptera which form an essential part of terrestrial ecosystems. Many species hold additional value as natural enemies of agricultural pests. Considering their ecological and economic importance, it is perhaps surprising that a significant proportion of these insects are understudied.

Here we focus on one genus of parasitoid wasp, Syntretus, due to its parasitism of short‐haired bumblebee (Bombus subterraneus) queens from Sweden, investigated as part of a reintroduction programme in the United Kingdom (UK).

We used a genome‐skimming approach to recover mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from single legs of Syntretus museum specimens, to elucidate the metagenomic content of archival samples and assess their suitability for use in phylogenetic analysis. Utilising 6.7 kb of genomic DNA, we recovered two clades within Syntretus, a possible consequence of host choice.

Our analyses also recovered commensal polydnavirus sequences, which is the first time this endogenous virus has been identified in this parasitoid genus. These commensal virions are likely used by egg‐laying female Syntretus to circumnavigate host immune responses so that larvae can develop. Our polydnavirus Bayesian phylogeny suggests that the viral genomes may have different evolutionary histories to their Syntretus hosts, which we infer from the lack of support for co‐speciation in this symbiosis.

Finally, we elucidate a novel host‐parasitoid relationship by identifying that S. politus parasitises B. subterraneus in Sweden. Combined, our results demonstrate the value of museum collections in undertaking detailed host‐parasitoid studies, which can, in turn, inform conservation strategies.
Invasive group B streptococcal infections in Western Australia, 2000–2018
Authors: Wright Cameron M. , Moorin Rachael , Dyer John , Carapetis Jonathan , Manning Laurens
Published: January 2025

Background

Neonatal and puerperal sepsis are major manifestations of invasive group B streptococcal (Streptococcus agalactiae; iGBS) infections. International data indicate the importance of iGBS infections among non‐pregnant adults.

Aims

To describe the burden of iGBS infections in Western Australia (WA) between 2000 and 2018 in terms of incidence, length of hospitalisation and all‐cause 30‐ and 90‐day mortality.

Methods

This was a retrospective, population‐based study using linked data from the state government‐owned pathology provider, hospitalisations and death registrations. Children and adults with isolation of GBS in a normally sterile site or a hospital‐based diagnosis of iGBS infection were included.

Results

There were 2861 cases; just over a quarter (n = 768) were aged 0–1 year. Half of the cases were among females (1438 of 2861), and the median age was 39 years. Incidence increased over the study period, with an age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate ratio for year of 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.09). The incidence in 2018 was 9.5 cases (95% CI 8.3–10.6 cases) per 100 000 population. The proportion of cases among those aged 0–1 year fell across the period, while the relative incidence in older age groups increased. The median length of hospital stay was 7 days (interquartile range 4–15 days), and mortality at 30 days was 3% (95 of 2861).

Conclusions

iGBS cases increased across the period 2000–2018 in WA, with older adults making up a higher proportion of cases over time. Preventive efforts among older patients, including potentially through vaccination, may reverse this increase.
Associations between nurse‐to‐patient ratio, nurse educational level, and nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes: A 12‐month prospective observational study
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Choi Kai Chow , Tong Danny Wah Kun , Kwok Angela Mei Ling , Butt Laveeza , Chan Eric Lu Shek , Lee Iris Fung Kam , Lee Diana Tze Fan , Mchugh Matthew D. , Thompson David R.
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate the associations between nurse staffing levels, nurse educational level, and nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes among patients in medical and surgical wards.

Background

Patient outcomes are affected by a variety of factors, including nurse staffing and registered nurse (RN) educational levels. An examination of the associations between these factors and patient outcomes will help identify the impact that nurses make on patient care, including health and safety.

Methods

A 12‐month prospective observational study was conducted in four major hospitals in Hong Kong. Data on nurse staffing were collected daily, while data on nurse‐sensitive patient outcomes were retrieved from patient records and nursing documentation. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between each of the outcomes and the explanatory variables including nurse‐to‐patient ratio and educational qualifications at the ward level. The STROBE guidelines were followed in this study.

Results

The average monthly nurse‐to‐patient ratio per ward was 1:9.2 (1:7.4 for day (morning and afternoon) and 1:19.1 for night shifts). The percentage of RNs with a bachelor's or higher degree was 83.6%. A higher nurse‐to‐patient ratio was significantly associated with a larger number of patients with physical restraints and catheter‐associated urinary tract infections. A significant association was also found between a higher percentage of RNs with a bachelor's or higher degree and a smaller number of physical restraints used.

Conclusions

Nurse staffing and educational levels were associated with key patient outcomes such as physical restraint use and incidence of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Current nurse staffing strategies should be refined in light of these findings in order to enhance patient health and safety outcomes.
The Role of SWI/SNF Complex in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Lei Zixiao , Han Yanfeng , Liao Jiejun , Li Xiaohong , Su Qisheng , Yang Zheng
Published: January 2025

Bladder cancer originates from bladder tissues and is the ninth most common type of cancer worldwide. The SWI/SNF (SWItch/sucrose non‐ fermentable) complex plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, such as cell cycle control, DNA damage repair and transcription regulation. The purpose of this article is to examine the functional studies of the SWI/SNF complex in bladder cancer, highlighting new pathways for creating personalised treatment approaches for bladder cancer patients with mutations in the SWI/SNF complex. By acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of the SWI/SNF complex in bladder cancer, we can offer more precise and effective solutions to treat this disease.
Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming of Immune Cells in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Cancers
Authors: Zhao Yongqing , Zhu Weixiong , Dong Shi , Zhang Hui , Zhou Wence
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers are increasing in prevalence and contribute significantly to cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Emerging therapeutic approaches, particularly immunotherapy, are gaining attention for their potential to harness the patient's immune system to combat these tumors. Understanding the role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their metabolic reprogramming is key to developing more effective treatment strategies. This review aims to explore the relationship between immune cell function and glucose metabolism in the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers.

Methods

This review synthesizes current research on the metabolic adaptations of immune cells, specifically focusing on glucose metabolism within the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers. We examine the mechanisms by which immune cells influence tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming and how these interactions can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.

Results

Immune cells in the TME undergo significant metabolic changes, with glucose metabolism playing a central role in modulating immune responses. These metabolic shifts not only affect immune cell function but also influence tumor behavior and progression. The unique metabolic features of immune cells in pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers provide new opportunities for targeting immune responses to combat these malignancies more effectively.

Conclusion

Understanding the complex relationship between immune cell glucose metabolism and tumor progression in the TME of pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers offers promising therapeutic strategies. By modulating immune responses through targeted metabolic interventions, it may be possible to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies and better combat these aggressive cancers.
Exosomes: Historical Evolution and Emerging Roles in Dermatology
Authors: Schur Nina , Samman Luna , Shah Milaan , Dukharan Victoria , Stegura Carol , Broughton Luke , Schlesinger Todd
Published: January 2025

Background

Exosomes are a nanoscale extracellular vesicles derived from different cell types that have been investigated for various clinical applications, including functioning as biomarkers and use as direct therapeutics. Given the role of exosomes in multiple pathophysiologic pathways and potential practical applications, they have garnered significant interest in the scientific community but much is still unknown about their development and use.

Aims

This literature review covers the background, mechanisms of action, use as biomarkers, methods of application, and direct therapeutic applications of exosomes.

Methods

A literature review on the background and uses of exosomes was conducted. Key articles describing the pathophysiologic pathways and applications of exosomes were summarized and described.

Results

Exosomes impact several cellular pathways which allow them to function as biomarkers for malignancy and inflammatory dermatoses and may make them useful therapeutics for skin rejuvenation, hair loss, and wound repair. Limitations of exosomes include an incomplete understanding of their functions and impacts and a lack of standardization in their production and application.

Conclusions

Exosomes are a unique and novel cellular medium that offer promise as a diagnostic tool and therapy. While there are limitations to the uses of exosomes as well as our current understanding of them, further investigation may yield additional applications and a larger role in medicine for exosomes.
Low‐Energy Delicate Pulsed Light Therapy for Sensitive Skin: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Fu Yujie , Quan Yue , Zhao Wanxing , Liu Zhaoyang , Peng Jiao , Pang Xinyue , Zhao Boyu , Tan Lisha , Zhou Quan , Shao Lili , Wang Huiping , Hou Shuping
Published: January 2025

Background

Sensitive skin (SS) is a multifactorial syndrome that affects about half of the world's population. However, there is no standardized treatment protocol. Photovoltaic technology has been widely used in recent years for the treatment of sensitive skin, but the efficacy of low‐energy delicate pulsed light (DPL) in the treatment of sensitive skin is unknown.

Objective

To explore the efficacy and safety of low‐energy DPL treatment for sensitive skin.

Methods

This study included 181 patients with SS who attended the Department of Dermatology from January 2019 to January 2022. All patients were treated with DPL (5.0–6.8 J/cm2). Patients received varying durations of DPL, with 4‐week intervals based on the severity of their condition. Sensitivity scores at baseline and final treatment were collected using a 10‐item sensitivity scale (SS‐10). Facial erythema was assessed through the Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale (CEA) based on facial photographs taken at each visit. VISIA‐CR was used to visualize and analyze facial redness at baseline and after the final treatment, and erythema values were recorded. Adverse reactions were documented during each treatment session.

Results

Among 181 patients, 86 were SS alone, 32 were rosacea with SS, 32 were acne with SS, and 31 were dermatitis with SS. A significant difference was observed between patients' baseline and final SS‐10 scores (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found between the patients' CEA scores at different visits (p < 0.001). Clinical photographs demonstrated significant improvements in facial redness and skin color. VISIA‐CR analysis showed a considerable reduction in erythema values at the final treatment visit compared to baseline (p < 0.001). No obvious adverse effects were observed in any of the patients.

Conclusion

Low‐energy DPL is an effective and safe treatment for sensitive skin.
Phenotypic Reaction of Cultivated and Wild Brinjal Genotypes to Fusarium Wilt Under Sick Plot and Artificially Inoculated Pot Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ananya P , Ranjan J. K. , Tomar B. S. , Lata Suman , Singh Jogendra , Mishra G. P. , Akhtar Jameel , Kumar Pradeep , Tiwari Ritu , Ranjan Pragya , Gayacharan
Published: January 2025

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.), an important solanaceous vegetable valued for its rich nutritional profile and potential health benefits, is widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Existing food and nutritional security concerns are exacerbated due to the rise in soil borne pathogens, a direct consequence of global warming, increasing the risk of crop diseases. Among these, Fusarium wilt, caused by multiple species of Fusarium, is very serious due to its severity and persistent nature. Traditional control measures, including cultural, biological and chemical approaches, have proven inadequate, highlighting the need for resistant cultivars. The current study focused on identifying fungal pathogen associated with brinjal wilt, by employing morpho‐cultural identification, molecular characterisation by sequencing and DNA barcoding of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β‐tubulin regions and pathogenicity assays of fungal isolate. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was identified as the pathogen associated with vascular wilt of brinjal. The study evaluated 90 diverse genotypes, including released varieties and local landraces of cultivated brinjal, and related wild Solanum sp. for resistance against Fusarium wilt by screening under field conditions. Confirmatory evaluation of disease reaction was done by screening under artificially inoculated conditions in pots. Percent disease incidence (PDI), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and area under disease progress stairs (AUDPS) were used to identify sources of resistance and understand disease progression patterns. Three genotypes namely Swarna Mani, S. sisymbriifolium and S. torvum were identified as highly resistant and seven genotypes namely G‐17, Pink, CH‐151, Sidhasar Local, Special Muktakeshi, H‐183 and Pink Shiny Medium Long were found resistant to the disease under both field and pot conditions. Resistant genotypes exhibited distinct variations in disease progression patterns. The identified highly resistant and resistant genotypes hold significant potential for breeding programs aimed at enhancing crop resilience to the increasing threat posed by Fusarium species.
Content Analysis of Austrian Print and Online Newspaper Coverage of Breastfeeding Over Two Decades
Authors: Zuckerhut Birgit , Naderer Brigitte , Eberl Jakob‐Moritz , Tolochko Petro , Lercher Leah , Jirovsky‐Platter Elena , Winzer Eva , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Wakolbinger Maria
Published: January 2025

In the first 6 months, breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for newborns, but the breastfeeding prevalence in Austria is still below the official WHO Guidelines (64% breastfeeding and 1.9% exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months). Exclusive breastfeeding rates in the first 6 months are low in the European Region but higher globally at 48%. Breastfeeding behaviour and the decision to breastfeed can be influenced by many factors, such as social norms, the social environment, health, commercial milk formula (CMF) marketing, and media reports. Therefore, it is important to understand how breastfeeding and CMF are presented in Austrian media and the possible impact these portrayals have on mothers and the broader community. The aim of this study was to analyze print and online newspaper coverage in Austrian newspapers related to breastfeeding between 2002 and 2022 with a special focus on the valence of reporting on breastfeeding and CMF in different genres of online and print newspapers. For this analysis, more than 2500 unique articles were identified, coded, and analysed (e.g., main topic, valence towards breastfeeding, and valence towards CMF). The results showed that media coverage of breastfeeding has decreased slightly over the last 20 years, particularly with the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper coverage of breastfeeding was mostly neutral, with a focus on breastfeeding and its association with disease, health benefits of breastfeeding, and event announcements related to breastfeeding. The valence on breastfeeding was more positive than on CMF. Middle‐market newspapers appear to report more about breastfeeding than tabloids and broadsheets. To normalise breastfeeding, informative, unbiased, and extensive media coverage is important. Collaboration between breastfeeding advocates and journalists could be beneficial in increasing positive coverage of breastfeeding in the long term.
Deciphering the Coupling State‐Dependent Transcription Termination in the Escherichia coli Galactose Operon
Authors: Abishek N Monford Paul , Wang Xun , Jeon Heung Jin , Lim Heon M.
Published: January 2025

The distance between the ribosome and the RNA polymerase active centers, known as the mRNA loop length, is crucial for transcription‐translation coupling. Despite the existence of multiple expressomes with varying mRNA loop lengths, their in vivo roles remain largely unexplored. This study examines the mechanisms governing transcription termination in the Escherichia coli galactose operon, revealing a crucial role in the transcription and translation coupling state. The operon utilizes both Rho‐independent and Rho‐dependent terminators. Our findings demonstrate that long‐loop coupled transcription‐translation complexes preferentially terminate at the upstream Rho‐independent terminator, while short‐loop complexes bypass it, terminating at the downstream Rho‐dependent terminator. The efficiency of the Rho‐independent terminator is enhanced by an extended U‐track, suggesting a novel mechanism to overcome ribosome inhibition. These results uncover a new regulatory layer in transcription termination, challenging the traditional view of this process as random and highlighting a predetermined mechanism based on the coupling state. We propose that tandem terminators may function as regulatory checkpoints under fluctuating ribosome‐RNAP coupling conditions, which can occur due to specific cellular states or factors affecting ribosome or RNAP binding efficiency. This suggests a previously overlooked mechanism that could refine transcription termination choices and expand our understanding of transcription regulation.
Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Different Rehabilitation Methods on Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jin Zhaokai , Tang Yi , Huang Hua , Chen Lei , Zhang Zhongyi , Ma Tianyou , Wang Zhengming , Su Hai , Zhou Haojing , Lv Shuaijie , Tong Peijian
Published: January 2025

Objective

The rehabilitation methods after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can affect the recovery of complications and joint function, and the selection and comparison of rehabilitation methods after TKA still need further research.

Methods

A comprehensive search of five databases and two clinical trial registration platforms was conducted from inception through March 31, 2024, and conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We extracted the required data according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Finally, 32 trials involving 2292 patients were included, the mean age of the enrolled patients was ~69.10 years, the sex ratio of males was (31.6%), and the longest follow‐up time was 2 years. And we have summarized nine rehabilitation intervention measures: conventional physical therapy (CPT), cryotherapy, thermal therapy (TT), acupuncture, hydrotherapy, neuromuscular training (NT), electrotherapy, continuous passive motion (CPM), continuous active motion (CAM). And use the range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) as the outcome measure to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was carried out for calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) and the surface under cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of improvement of knee joint function after TKA by different rehabilitation methods.

Result

After treatment, the ROM results showed that cryotherapy, electrotherapy, and NT had better therapeutic effects. Among them, cryotherapy (WMD = 10.3, 95% CI 1.63–18.2) had a significant therapeutic effect. In terms of VAS, NT and TT showed good therapeutic effects. Among them, NT had a more significant therapeutic effect, while CAM had less effect. After treatment, in terms of WOMAC, TT, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, and NT had better therapeutic effects. TT had the best therapeutic effect, while Hydrotherapy and Cryotherapy also had certain advantages.

Conclusion

NT, TT, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, and electrotherapy rehabilitation therapies have good therapeutic effects for TKA patients compared with other interventions. Among them, NT may be the best postoperative rehabilitation therapy.
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma by 10 years of age—Evidence from The Generation XXI birth cohort study
Authors: de Castro Mendes Francisca , Severo Milton , Paciência Inês , Lopes Carla , Santos Ana Cristina , Barros Henrique , Moreira André , Moreira Pedro
Published: January 2025

Background

We aimed to investigate the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and asthma in children by 10 years of age.

Methods

We considered 5585 mother–child pairs enrolled in a population‐based birth cohort. Consumption of regular and decaffeinated coffee, black and green tea, and cola beverages before and during pregnancy was obtained through face‐to‐face interviews within 72 h after giving birth, and total caffeine intake (mg/day) was estimated. Medical diagnosis of asthma was assessed and spirometry with bronchodilation was performed at 10 years of age. We used adjusted regression models to estimate the association between the caffeine intake/day during pregnancy with asthma by 10 years of age, and a quadratic relationship was verified between them. Consumption of caffeine before pregnancy, gestational age, maternal years of schooling, maternal self‐reported medical diagnosis of asthma, smoking status before and during pregnancy, and children's sex were considered as confounders. We used nonlinear least squares models to estimate the knot point and its respective confidence interval (CI).

Results

A higher intake of caffeine/day decreased the odds of having childhood asthma at 10 years of age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41; 0.88). The estimated knot point was 92.7 mg of caffeine/day (95% CI: 36.3, 163.3), where the risk was 7.2%, while for no intake (0 mg) the risk was 8.8%.

Conclusion

Maternal caffeine intake up to an estimated intake of approximately 93 mg/day during pregnancy decreased childhood asthma risk by 10 years of age. Nonetheless, further studies are required to confirm our results.

Key Message

Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy up to an estimated intake of approximately 93 mg/day decreased the risk of asthma in children by 10 years of age, but considering caffeine's potential adverse effects on other health outcomes, further studies are needed to explore its link to childhood asthma.
A cross‐scale transfer learning framework: prediction of SOD activity from leaf microstructure to macroscopic hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Hao Jie , Yan Yan , Zhang Yao , Zhang Yiyang , Cao Yune , Wu Longguo
Published: January 2025

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role to respond in the defence against damage when tomato leaves are under different types of adversity stresses. This work employed microhyperspectral imaging (MHSI) and visible near‐infrared (Vis–NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technologies to predict tomato leaf SOD activity. The macroscopic model of SOD activity in tomato leaves was constructed using the convolutional neural network in conjunction with the long and short‐term temporal memory (CNN‐LSTM) technique. Using heterogeneous two‐dimensional correlation spectra (H2D‐COS), the sensitive macroscopic and microscopic absorption peaks connected to tomato leaves' SOD activity were made clear. The combination of CNN‐LSTM algorithm and H2D‐COS analysis was used to research transfer learning between microscopic and macroscopic models based on sensitive wavelengths. The results demonstrated that the CNN‐LSTM model, which was based on the FD preprocessed spectra, had the best performance for the microscopic model, with RC and RP reaching 0.9311 and 0.9075, and RMSEC and RMSEP reaching 0.0109 U/mg and 0.0127 U/mg respectively. There were 10 macroscopic and 10 microscopic significant sensitivity peaks found. The transfer learning was carried out using sensitive wavelengths, and the model performed well with an RP value of 0.7549 and an RMSEP of 0.0725 U/mg. The combined CNN algorithm and H2D‐COS analysis demonstrated the viability of transfer learning across microscopic and macroscopic models for quantitative tomato leaf SOD prediction.
Prediction Models for Post‐Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yang Yifang , Chen Yajing , Yang Yiyi , Yang Tingting , Wu Tingting , Chen Junbo , Yan Fanghong , Han Lin , Ma Yuxia
Published: January 2025

Background

Stroke is one of the most serious illnesses worldwide and is the primary cause of acquired disability among adults. Post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a complication of stroke that significantly impacts patients' daily activities and social functions. Therefore, developing a risk prediction model for PSCI is essential for identifying and preventing disease progression.

Objectives

This study systematically reviewed and analyzed PSCI prediction models, identifying the associated risk factors.

Methods

We systematically retrieved literature from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other sources. Two researchers independently extracted the literature and assessed the risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist and The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST).

Results

A total of 20 articles describe the PSCI prediction model, with an incidence rate ranging from 8% to 75%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value for the development models ranged from 0.66 to 0.969, while the validation models ranged from 0.763 to 0.893. Age, diabetes, hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), hypertension, and homocysteine (hcy) were identified as the strongest predictors.

Conclusion

In this systematic review, several PSCI prediction models demonstrate promising prediction performance, although they often lack external validation and exhibit high heterogeneity in some predictive factors. Therefore, we recommend that medical practitioners utilize a comprehensive set of predictive factors to screen for high‐risk PSCI patients. Furthermore, future research should prioritize refining and validating existing models by incorporating novel variables and methodologies.
Dynamics and drivers of primary productivity along a 40‐year grazing exclusion chronosequence in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Hao , Lü Xiao‐tao , Zhou Yong , Yang Yang , Lü Yaxiang , Yang Junjie , Wen Lu , Pan Qingmin , Han Xingguo
Published: January 2025

Grazing exclusion has emerged as an effective measure to restore forage production and soil carbon sequestration of degraded grasslands. However, the appropriate duration of grazing exclusion for restoring these ecosystem functions remains largely unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we monitored aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), belowground biomass (BGB), soil carbon content, and other relevant soil properties along a grazing exclusion chronosequence spanning 0, 7, 15, 20, and 40 years in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Our findings reveal that both ANPP and BNPP reached their maximum after 7 years of grazing exclusion and maintained a high level from 7 to 20 years, but significantly declined after 40 years of grazing exclusion. In contrast, BGB and soil carbon content reached their maximum after 20 years of grazing exclusion. Furthermore, the increase of grazing exclusion duration and the decrease of soil pH increased the density and individual biomass of grasses, rather than forbs, thereby increased community ANPP and BNPP. These findings emphasizes that the restoration of different ecosystem functions may require varying durations of grazing exclusion. Our study provides new information for institutional stakeholders to improve grazing exclusion policy in degraded typical steppe.
Emergence of Well‐Ordering and Clustering for a First‐Order Nonlinear Consensus Model
Authors: Byeon Junhyeok , Ha Seung‐Yeal , Kang Myeongju , Yoon Wook
Published: January 2025

We study the predictability of asymptotic clustering patterns in a first‐order nonlinear consensus model on receiver network on the real line. Nonlinear couplings between particles (agents) are characterized by an odd, locally Lipschitz, and increasing function. The proposed consensus model and its clustering dynamics is motivated by the one‐dimensional Cucker–Smale flocking model. Despite the complexity registered by heterogeneous couplings, we provide a sufficient framework to predict asymptotic dynamics such as particles' aggregation, segregation, and clustering patterns. We also verify the robustness of clustering patterns to structural changes such as relativistic effects implemented by the suitable composition of functions.
Cutaneous disorders in captive psittacines, a retrospective study of 1454 cases at a university veterinary teaching hospital (1988–2021)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Beaufrère Hugues , Guzman David S.‐M. , Affolter Verena K. , Tell Lisa A. , Paul‐Murphy Joanne , Hawkins Michelle G.
Published: January 2025

Background

Psittacines (parrots and their allies) are kept under human care as companion animals, live exhibit specimens in zoological institutions and occasionally as research subjects. Cutaneous disorders such as feather destructive behaviour (FDB) and pododermatitis are commonly noted in clinical reviews, case reports and text book chapters.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To document the type, signalment associations and prevalence of cutaneous disorders in a large number of captive psittacines in an academic referral teaching hospital population.

Animals

Case population at a university veterinary teaching hospital.

Methods and Materials

Retrospective study using computerised medical records of birds (psittacine and non‐psittacine) examined between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 2021. Inclusion criteria were records of psittacines with dermatological diagnoses.

Results

Of 3472 psittacines, 1454 (41.9%) had cutaneous disease. Age was strongly associated with an increased risk of cutaneous diseases. The most common cutaneous disorders were pododermatitis (n = 729) and FDB (n = 528). Female sex and increased age were associated with significantly higher odds of FDB, as were the genera Cacatua (cockatoos), Psittacus (African grey parrots), Ara (macaws) and Agapornis (lovebirds). Increased age and the genus Agapornis also were associated with significantly higher odds of pododermatitis. The most common infectious disease was mite (presumed Knemidocoptes) infestation, almost exclusively seen in budgerigars; increased age was associated with significantly lower odds of having mites.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Pododermatitis and FDB were the most common cutaneous disorders in psittacines. As 50% of psittacines with skin disease presented for nonskin concerns, clinicians should perform a dermatological examination regardless of the reason for presentation.
Linear independence of coherent systems associated to discrete subgroups
Authors: Enstad Ulrik , van Velthoven Jordy Timo
Published: January 2025

This note considers the finite linear independence of coherent systems associated to discrete subgroups. We show by simple arguments that such coherent systems of amenable groups are linearly independent whenever the associated twisted group ring does not contain any nontrivial zero divisors. We verify the latter for discrete subgroups in nilpotent Lie groups. For the particular case of time‐frequency translates of Euclidean space, our approach provides a simple and self‐contained proof of the Heil–Ramanathan–Topiwala conjecture for subsets of arbitrary discrete subgroups.
The Resistance of Sandwich Cylinders With Density-Graded Foam Cores to Internal Blast Loadings
Authors: Su Binhao , Cui Tianning , Peng Hui , Pei Xiaoyang , Li Jianfeng , Guo Kai , Zhang Wei , Qin Qinghua
Published: January 2025

The resistance of sandwich cylinders with density-graded foam cores to internal blast loadings is investigated theoretically and numerically. Four kinds of density-graded foam core are designed, such as positive, negative, middle–high, and middle–low gradients. The deformation process of the sandwich cylinders is assumed to be split into three phases, i.e., fluid–structure interaction, combined deformation of core and inner wall, and sandwich stage of motion. Employing a rigid perfectly-plastic locking model of density-graded foam core, analytical models are proposed to predict the dynamic response of gradient sandwich cylinders. Finite element simulations of gradient sandwich cylinders subjected to internal blast loadings are carried out and agree well with the analytical predictions. Furthermore, the effects of the core density gradients and the wall thickness distributions on the blast resistance are explored and identified. It is shown that the thicker inner wall design can enhance the blast resistance of sandwich cylinders with the same mass.
Design and Validation Strategy for an X-Ray Target Subject to Ultra High Heat Flux Loading
Authors: Ravichandran Mahadevan , Winter Johanna , Dimroth Anton , Bartzsch Stefan , Kraus Kim Melanie , Zimmermann Markus
Published: January 2025

Microbeam X-ray therapy is a promising cancer therapy that uses a high-power electron beam hitting a metallic target. For a clinical microbeam therapy X-ray source, an electron beam of a power of 1 MW onto a focal spot of 0.05 mm × 20 mm size is needed, with a penetration depth of 0.1 mm. This means a heat flux input of 1 TW/m2, an order of magnitude higher than nuclear and medical applications. Numerical simulations based on surface and volumetric heat loading for such an electron beam are presented in this work. The local temperature around the focal spot is modeled in a lower-scale model with an element size of 10 µm and volumetric heat loading. This differs from the state-of-the-art simulations, in which electron beam loading is modeled as surface heat flux loads. The simulated temperature agrees with the mathematical estimates within an error of 10% while proving feasibility. A novel validation strategy is proposed to address the lack of available test facilities to replicate this extreme heat flux. The critical parameters describing the high-heat-flux-loading are identified as temperature, thermal strain, thermal stress, and strain rate. Scaled-down test specifications are determined to use a test facility of power less than 100 kW. With the verified simulation using the scaled-down test, it is proposed to establish the material's capability to withstand the concentrated 1 MW heat load without a 1 MW test facility.
A Generalized Shear Lag Model for the “Brick-Mortar” Staggered Composite With Arbitrary Soft Phase Contents
Authors: Zuo Randong , Cheng Yonggui , Peng Zhilong , Yao Yin , Zhang Bo , Chen Shaohua
Published: January 2025

Although the mechanical mechanisms of staggered biological composites are widely investigated, each existing model has its own application scope. In order to comprehensively characterize the mechanical properties of the staggered composite with arbitrary soft phase content, a generalized shear lag model is established, in which the soft phase may simultaneously bear the tension and shear loads. A novel approach of considering the soft phase as virtual layered composites composed of sub-soft and sub-hard phases is developed. The sub-hard phase has zero thickness and undergoes tensile load, while the sub-soft phase endures shear load. Accurate stress fields in the staggered composite can be well achieved with the new approach. Two simplified models are further proposed based on the generalized shear lag model. Comparison with the finite element results shows that the shear stress in the end soft phase has little effect on the mechanical performance of the staggered composite; while the normal stress in the interlayer soft phase and the variation of shear stress in the thickness direction of interlayer soft phase must be considered for the staggered composite with high interlayer soft phase content. Furthermore, the applicable scopes of the existing typical partition models are determined by comparing the effective Young's modulus predicted by the generalized model, the finite element calculation, and the partition models. The obtained results could be helpful for the precise design of composite materials with high mechanical properties.
Data-Driven Digital Twins for Real-Time Machine Monitoring: A Case Study on a Rotating Machine
Authors: Cheruku Suryapavan , Balaji Suryanarayan , Delgado Adolfo , Krishnamurthy Vinayak R.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we present a framework for data-driven digital twins for real-time machine monitoring. Data-driven digital twins are gaining prominence in a variety of industrial applications owing to their ability to capture complex relationships between sensor data and system behavior. The computational efficiency gained using such twins is critical for real-time machine monitoring and diagnostics with timely and interactive human intervention. One of the fundamental challenges in the current data-driven digital twins is a lack of understanding of how different data synthesis strategies of the same sensor data affect the predictive power of the twin models typically obtained through statistical learning. As a result, the interactive support for enabling human intervention and machine health monitoring is not generalized for different machine configurations and fault conditions. Using turbomachinery as a concrete demonstrative context, we investigate two fundamentally different data synthesis strategies, namely, integrated and combinatorial, as digital twins for a rotating machine. Specifically, we consider a rotor kit as a machine component, develop a synthetic dataset using simulations, and conduct systematic studies on the predictive performance of reduced-order models trained using the different data synthesis strategies. Our experiments show that the combinatorial dataset offers higher prediction accuracy in comparison to randomized data generation. Moreover, we created a cloud-based augmented reality (AR) mobile tool to show the feasibility of our methodology in developing potential machine monitoring applications with human-in-the-loop components.
Charge density and screened potential near a (5,5) capped carbon nanotube from density functional computation
Authors: Edgcombe C. J. , Huns J.
Published: January 2025

Further results from an earlier computation by density functional theory for the ground state of a capped (5,5) carbon nanotube in the zero applied field show details of (a) self-consistent charge density in the cap and (b) potential in the transition from emitter to vacuum. In this structure, the exchange potential displaces outwards the transition from the Fermi level to the vacuum level and so creates the work function of the emitter, in agreement with Bardeen’s 1936 calculation for sodium. Our self-consistent, multistate calculation provides a physical basis for the initial rise in the widely used Schottky–Nordheim potential for field emission. The axial electric field near the start of the potential barrier shows small discontinuities, at potentials that align with those calculated previously for specific molecular orbitals in the emitter. The multistate calculation thus suggests that a small fraction of charge incident on the barrier has an energy between the Fermi level and the vacuum level. These hot electrons seem unlikely to explain the experimental observations agreeing with Fowler–Nordheim tunneling theory but may contribute to the current at the onset of field emission.