bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable regional development assessment in terms of realizing the values of key stakeholders
Authors: Kurganov Maksim , Tretyakova Elena
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to study sustainable regional development by assessing the realisation of the values and interests of key stakeholders. The methodological framework includes the concept of sustainable development and a value-driven approach to management. The authors employ the method of theoretical analysis to validate the possibility of applying the value-driven approach to assess the sustainable regional development and building a conceptual model reflecting the composition of the key regional stakeholders and the content of their values and interests in the context of the concept of sustainable development. To provide both the overall and individual (in terms of social, environmental and economic components) assessments of the level of realisation of these values, the researchers adopt the method of integral assessments and develop a system of indicators and a step-by-step method for calculating the integral index. The authors test the proposed methodological tools using the case of the regions of the Volga and Ural Federal Districts. The findings demonstrate that the most acute problems for all stakeholders are the problems of ensuring environmentally friendly living conditions for the population, reducing the environmental pressure and environmental intensity of economic activity. In the social sphere, the most relevant issues remain improving the standard of living, and raising the volume and quality of social services provided to the population. The authors arrive at the conclusion that insufficient level of realisation of the regional authorities’ values limits their ability to influence the processes of sustainable regional development by improving the level of other stakeholders’ interests’ realisation.
Industrial policy of increasing resource efficiency and the achievement of the sustainable development goals
Authors: Skobelev Dmitry
Published: December 2020

Global trends in economic development definitively reflect priorities of the sustainable development. Over recent decades the global economy has enjoyed a successfully functioning mechanism for balancing economic and resource and environmental priorities based on the concept of the Best Available Techniques (BAT). The research aims to formulate the industrial policy on modernising resource-intensive industries with regard to the BAT principles and involvement of the secondary resources in economic cycles. The author suggests taking these technologies as standards based on which regulators develop obligatory requirements for industry, determine directions and target indicators of reforms. This will allow motivating enterprises to innovate, launch and implement programmes for production modernisation. Methodologically, the research relies on the theories of economic growth, system efficiency, non-cooperative games, technological waves, resource management, and the concept of sustainable development. The author employs analysis and synthesis methods to ensure a systematic and complex approach to framing the industrial policy on increasing resource efficiency. The researcher elaborates on the content of the environmental industrial policy of the Russian Federation (EIP) according to which it is a horizontal tool of industrial policy meant to maintain the improvement of resource efficiency both at microeconomic and macroeconomic levels by introducing BAT and bringing secondary resources into economic cycles. Instead of supporting an unlimited use of natural resources, the state centres its attention on the implementation of new technologies and solutions that maintain the recycling of the secondary resources. Such industrial policy is in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It promotes economic development, industrialisation and innovations, favours transition to responsible models of production and consumption and reduction of the negative impact on the environment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the environmental industrial policy, the researcher suggests considering resource efficiency as a parameter measured in the natural units (consumption of non-renewable resources). In addition, the paper presents the results of the case study demonstrating practical implementation of the EIP tools for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Quick n’ Cheap – a simplified workflow to barcode plasmodial slime molds(Myxomycetes)
Authors: Schnittler Martin , Dagamac Nikki H.A. , Leontyev Dmitry , Shchepin Oleg , Novozhilov Yuri K. , Klahr Anja
Published: December 2020

We present a workflow for efficient barcoding of myxomycete fructifications, which (i) requires less than 1000 spores, (ii) allows to collect spores with only a needle, (iii) works without any commercial kits, and (iv) is optimized for the use of 96-well PCR plates throughout the process. Specimens of 291 dark-spored nivicolous myxomycetes and 121 bright-spored members of the Trichiaceae were sequenced for the barcode marker 18S rDNA (SSU) with a low rate of failure and no detectable cross-contamination. Crude DNA extracts can be stored for further analyses: the elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF1A), a single-copy marker, was successfully amplified after four weeks of storage.As such our procedure will allow a time- and cost-efficient barcoding of large series of specimens.
Literature Review: Legalisasi Dokumen Elektronik Menggunakan Tanda Tangan Digital sebagai Alternatif Pengesahan Dokumen di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Yuniati Trihastuti , Sidiq Muhammad Fajar
Published: December 2020

With a pandemic that has hit almost all over the world, the government has issued policies for doing physical distancing and work from home (WFH). That policies made a very significant change in the way people work and interact. WFH applies in most fields of work, one of them is in education. WFH and online learning require every student, lecturer and employee to work online from home. In fact, there are many activities that require validation in the form of a signature, both for academic and non-academic matters. Digital signature is a technology that can be applied to overcome this problem. There are various algorithms and schemes that users can implement. This paper will present the results of a review of several literature related to the implementation of digital signatures. The results of this literature review are expected to provide the readers with an insight of the implementation of digital signatures in various fields, as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
Sistem Pengecekan Toko Online Asli atau Dropship pada Shopee Menggunakan Algoritma Breadth First Search
Authors: Nurdin  , Hutomi Muhammad , Qamal Mukti , Bustami Bustami
Published: December 2020

The abundance of online shops on web ecommerce Shopee's makes it difficult for consumers to detect the genuineness of an online store. Online store detection app is an application to detect genuine online shop, good rating online shop, and fake online shop, which is useful as a recommendation to consumers in buying a product against an online shop. Detection by implementing the Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm with Web Scraping techniques against Web e-commerce  Shopee with the keyword "Kemeja Pria" with a search number of 5000, generate 1389 online shops data with the detection results of genuine online shop, good rating online shop, and fake online shop respectively as many as 90 online shops (6.5%), 948 online shops (68.3%), and 351 online shops (25.3%). The time it takes for the system to visit each node, from the first node to the 1389 node by applying the Breadth First Search algorithm takes about 2,690,021 second, or about 44.833683333 minutes, with the queue formation process, node browsing, online shop detection, and test results. The results reveal that the Breadth First Search algorithm is a simple algorithm that can be used to perform online store detection with good performance.
Implementasi Algoritma Load Balancing PLBA Komputasi Grid pada Lab Environment Menggunakan PVM3
Authors: Odhi Dwi Putra Taufiq , Widiarto Wisnu , Wiharto
Published: December 2020

Load balancing is one of the main parts of scheduling Grid resources. One of the load balancing models on Grid resources is the hierarchical model. This model has the advantage that it requires minimal communication costs between one resource and another. The PLBA load balancing algorithm uses a hierarchical model with dynamically obtained threshold values, so that it can adjust conditions at a time, both the state of the resource, the state of the computer network, and the state of the recipient or client. PVM3 is a software system capable of optimizing heterogeneous resources, so that resources can work in parallel. Resources can also complete tasks well, even though they are very large and complex tasks. This research has implemented the PLBA load balancing algorithm, with the aim of optimizing Grid resources. This research has also developed the PLBA load balancing algorithm by changing the arguments for NPEList, so that resources can be grouped more optimally. The PLBA load balancing algorithm has been successfully developed by modifying the arguments for NPEList, so that the running time required to complete the given tasks is shorter, because resources can be grouped more optimally. This has been shown by the shorter average running time when using the modified NPEList argument (0.75 * threshold1 <= ALCi <= 1.25 * threshold1) is shorter, than using the NPEList argument in previous research (ALCi = threshold1). Comparison of the average running time has been obtained as follows : (82513.63740 : 67837.71720); (63869.92450 : 50722.17210); (858,96710 : 207,33680); (321.88000 : 126.89100); (768.54560 : 468.27190); (780.22770 : 279.43730).
Использование водных ресурсов узбекистанского сегмента бассейна реки Зарафшан: аналитический обзор
Authors:   Казахстанско-Немецкий университет, Казахстан, 050010, Алматы, , ул. Пушкина, 111, Хайдаров А.
Published: December 2020

Река Зарафшан является одним из основных источников водоснабжения для различных отраслей народного хозяйства Узбекистана. Цель данной статьи – анализ использования водных ресурсов в бассейне р. Зарафшан. Задачами являются: расчет количества воды, которую можно будет сэкономить при внедрении водосберегающих технологий в системе ирригации; проверка гипотезы возможности восстановления стока р. Зарафшан в качестве притока р. Амударья, как это было в древности; а также рассмотрение опыта развитых стран по закачке сточных вод в глубокие водоносные слои и возможность внедрения этого опыта в Узбекистане. Измерение расстояния от р. Зарафшан до р. Амударья проводилось при помощи карты, и выяснилось, что на сегодняшний день расстояние составляет 127 км. При внедрении водосберегающих технологий возможно сэкономить достаточно воды и вычислить объём, который необходим для восстановления стока. Результаты показали, что сэкономленной воды хватит на восстановление стока и на освоение новых орошаемых земель. По итогам исследования выяснилось, что гипотеза о восстановлении стока подтверждается и можно не только восстановить сток до р. Амударья, что позволит увеличить объём воды в реке, но также сэкономленную воду можно применять для орошения новых земель. Полученные орошаемые территории могут быть использованы для выращивания садов и виноградников.
Kepastian Hukum Islam Terkait Honorarium PPAT Atas Jasa Pembuatan APHT
Authors: Author Ahmad Nailul , Ubudina Achsanatya , Puspitarini Elisadiah
Published: December 2020

PPAT adalah pejabat umum yang diberi kewenangan untuk membuat akta-akta otentik mengenai perbuatan hukum tertentu mengenai hak atas tanah atau hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Pada saat menjalankan jabatannya PPAT tidak menerima gaji setiap bulan, melainkan penghargaan yang berasal dari klien yang membuat akta padanya. Namun, sebagian PPAT menolak membuat akta yang berhubungan dengan perbankan karena uang jasa (honorarium) tersebut berpotensi mengandung riba. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum Islam terkait uang jasa (honorarium) PPAT yang diterima dari klien atas jasa pembuatan APHT. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian penelitian normatif dengan metode penelitian hukum kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer. Bahan hukum akan dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa uang jasa (honorarium) yang diterima oleh PPAT merupakan uang jasa (honorarium) yang sah menurut hukum Islam dan tidak termasuk dalam riba dikarenakan penarikan uang jasa (honorarium) bukanlah hal yang bertentangan dengan syariat Islam karena termasuk dalam ranah Ijarah (sewa menyewa) yang pada hal ini merupakan sewa menyewa jasa dan memberikan kemaslahatan bagi masyarakat.
CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SEBAGAI MEDIASI PENGARUH MULTI HALAL FRIENDLY-HOTEL ATRIBUTES TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN GRAND MADANI HOTEL MATARAM
Authors: . Muhamad Ma'ruf , Sakti Dwi Putra Buana , Athar Handry Sudiartha
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of multi halal friendly hotel attributes on customer satisfaction at Grand Madani Hotel Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia using associative quantitative methods. In this study, the population is all hotel guests who have stayed at the Grand Madani Hotel Mataram. The number of samples used in this study were 105 samples using nonprobability sampling. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Data collection was done using a questionnaire / google form. Data analysis using path analysis using SEM AMOS Version 24 as a data processing tool. The results of this study indicate that: 1. Multi halal friendly hotel attributes have no significant effect on customer experience; 2. Customer experience has a significant effect on customer satisfaction 3. Multi halal friendly hotel attributes have no significant effect on customer satisfaction; 4. Multi halal friendly hotel attributes have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction after going through the customer experience intervening variable.Keywords:Multi halal friendly hotel attributes; customer experience; customer satisfaction; sharia hotel
Peran Etnis dan Kultural Pada Persaingan Industri Tahu Takwa di Kota Kediri
Authors: Amiruddin Riyan
Published: December 2020

Culture is a life mechanism that is repeated and regenerated in society. Cultural elements also have shaping aspects, one of which is ethnicity. The role of culture in an ethnic context is as a basis for forming thoughts, characters and habits so that it becomes a special identity for an ethnicity. Therefore, this has become a topic in this research and aims to explore issues related to the cultural economy in the context of the competition for the tahu takwa industry in Kediri. Cultural economy is an economic activity that combines in a regenerative articulation of culture. This research is important, because the takwa industry is an icon attached to the city of Kediri and tries to explain the results of cultural economic exploration in the context of 2 Javanese Chinese ethnicities. Various findings of researchers will be presented in this paper regarding the role of tofu commodity as a medium of representation of ethnicity, work ethic and social capital between Javanese and Chinese ethnicities. The research method in this research uses qualitative indepth interview data collection techniques. The results of the research study will present the results of cultural economic exploration covering work ethic, identity, competition patterns, social network market construction and the resilience of the tofu industry in two dimensions between Chinese and Javanese ethnicities
Pola Perlindungan Anak dalam Dimensi Sekolah Ramah Anak di Sekolah/Madrasah Kota Mataram
Authors: Herianto Edy , Jahiban Mursini , Dahlan Dahlan
Published: December 2020

The main problem examined through this research is what is the pattern of child protection in the dimension of child-friendly schools in schools/madrasahs in Kota Mataram, Provinsi NTB? Research data were collected through interview techniques, observation, documentation, and focus group discussions with principals, teachers, committees, school supervisors, and students. Purposely, the research data sources were determined to come from 4 schools/madrasahs. All data collected were then analyzed qualitatively. The results show that (1) the regulation of child-friendly school/madrasah policies, development strategies and their implementation is based on the prevailing laws and regulations regarding child protection in the dimension of child-friendly schools. (2) Implementation of child protection programs in the dimension of child-friendly schools in Kota Mataram is based on planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising. (3) There are two factors, namely internal and external, which determine the success of the child protection program in the dimension of child-friendly schools in schools/madrasahs in Kota Mataram
Tanggung Jawab Rumah Sakit Swasta Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Bagi Peserta BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Mataram
Authors: Mualifah Mualifah
Published: December 2020

Health services are provided through the form of medication and care. Health workers, medical and non-medical, are responsible for providing optimal service. Medical personnel, in this case doctors, have responsibility for the treatment that is being carried out. Treatment actions and determining needs in the treatment process are the authority of the doctor. In accordance with the formulation of the problem and the research objectives, this legal research uses a normative or dogmatic approach to law as its main approach, with the aim of examining its positive law in the sense of collecting, presenting, systematizing, analyzing, interpreting and assessing positive legal norms that protect people's rights. BPJS health participants. Health effort is any activity to maintain and improve health, which aims to create an optimal health plan for the community. The community has the same rights in gaining access to resources in the health sector, for this reason government hospitals and private hospitals are responsible for providing health services to the community. Private hospitals in collaboration with BPJS Kesehatan are required to provide health services to BPJS Kesehatan participant patients without discriminating against BPJS Kesehatan participants who are referred by first level health facilities, namely puskesmas and family doctors according to their interests
Unevenness, (Under)development, and Resistance in the Middle East and North Africa: An Introduction
Authors: Uysal Gönenç
Published: December 2020

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been one of the most significant peripheries of the world capitalist system studied for its social, economic, and political underdevelopment, crises, and conflicts, not only in comparison to Western countries but also in relation to the discrepancies within the region itself. Yet, the protests and uprisings against imperialism, colonialism, and authoritarianism have underlined the burning necessity for critical/radical approaches to examine the political economy of the MENA and state-society relations in the region. This special issue draws upon critical/radical approaches and explores unevenness, (under)development, and resistance that have characterised the economic relations, social structures, and state apparatuses in the MENA.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Localtourism Sector and Income
Authors: Priyanto Agus , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Andoko Bhimo Widyo , Khairina Etika , Fadhlurrohman Mochammad Iqbal
Published: December 2020

Tourism currently becomes one of the sources of state revenues. Local tourism, particularly in Bantul, developed tourist attractions of Mangunan pine forest to boost the economy of the region and make state revenue as well. Unfortunately, due to the Covid 19 virus, the tourism is closed down by the Tourist Office in Bantul district which impacted the economy of related groups, society, and the government. This paper aims to discover the impact of COVID-19 on tourist visits to the Mangunan pine forest in Bantul. The researchers use a descriptive qualitative approach and collect information from mass media and print media in Yogyakarta from February to March. The results show that before the Coronavirus, people around the tourist object involved in community building tourism generally had an increased income, but when Corona outbreak hit, both the community in Mangunan Village and Bantul regional government experience a decline in income.
A Review of Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Its Relevance to Current Social Issues
Authors: Yahya Azizul Halim , Sukmayadi Vidi
Published: December 2020

More than 60 years ago, Cognitive Dissonance Theory was introduced by Leon Festinger (1957), and arguably, this classic theory is still relevant to this day. Festinger described that cognitive dissonance occurs whenever people are confronted with facts that contradict their beliefs, values, and ideas; they will thrive on finding a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce their discomfort. The theory applies to all social situations involving the formation and changes of human attitude, and it is particularly pertinent to the process of decision-making and problem-solving. The relevance of the theory is still reflected today in the era of the Internet-of-Things (IoT). The information overload and exposure of conflicting opinions on the Internet lead people to a state of mental fatigue where they become confused to seek the right information and may result in social and psychological conflicts.  Hence, this review paper attempts to provide an overview of the classic theory by exploring the core assumptions of the theory, causes of dissonance, and the theoretical implications on current social issues. It is expected that the results of the review could provide a sound basis for further practical study within the field of social studies.
Boron Fertilization and Its Fate: Maize - Sunflower Cropping System
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003 2 HC&RI, Periyakulam, D Jegadeeswari , D Muthumanickam
Published: December 2020

A field experiment was conducted in B deficient soil (0.37 mg kg-1) to assess the frequency and level of B application for increasing crop yields in maize - sunflower cropping system, fate of B pools in soils system and to monitor the changes in soil fertility and productivity due to different levels and frequency of B application under continuous cropping system at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore since 2012. The analysis of initial soil samples indicated that experimental soil was neutral in soil pH and free from salinity with sandy clay in texture. The grain and stover yield of maize crop varied from 5.51-8.38 and 5.16 to 8.00 t ha-1 , respectively and significantly differed with rate of B application. Among the B levels application of B @ 1.0 kg ha-1 registered the maximum grain and stover yield of 7.55 and 7.00 t ha-1 , respectively and was followed by application of 1.5 kg ha-1, however they were on par with each other. After the harvest of maize crop, sunflower was raised and harvested and the grain and stalk yields were recorded. Among the B levels, application of B @ 1.0 kg ha-1 registered the maximum seed yield of 2.33 t ha-1 respectively and was followed by application of 0.5 kg ha-1. The interaction between the rate of B application and frequency significantly differed with grain and stalk yield. Among the frequency levels, application of B to maize crop alone every year (F3) registered the maximum seed yield as compared to others. The interaction effect revealed that application of B @ 0.5 kg ha-1 to all crop registered the highest seed yield of 2.79 t ha-1 respectively. Boron fractions like available boron, specifically adsorbed B, oxide B, organically bound B, residual B status and total boron contents were analysed after the harvest of second crop. The results revealed that the available B status varied from 0.277 to 1.940 mg kg-1,specifically adsorbed B ranged from 0.190 to 1.332,oxide bound B status in soil varied from 0.127 to 0.89 mg kg-1, organically bound B status in soil varied from 0.235 to 1.644 mg kg-1, residual fraction of B varied from 41.61 to 291.8 and total boron varied from 42.44 to 297.6 mg kg-1. Boron application resulted in significant increase in maize yield as first crop and sunflower as residual crop, respectively. Among the B fractions the order was residual B >organically bound > specifically adsorbed > oxide bound B. Application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 significantly registered the highest available B in soil (1.038 mg kg-1) and among the frequencies, application of B to all crops registered the highest available B (1.32 mg kg-1). The actual fraction of B fertilizer removed by the crops is only 1-2 % of the total applied fertilizer through soil.
Remote Sensing based Methane Emission from Rice Fields in Tiruchirapalli District
Authors:   Agro Climate Research Centre, TNAU, Coimbatore-641 003, Tamil Nadu, India., N S Sudarmanian , S Pazhanivelan ,   Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, TNAU, Coimbatore-641003, Tamil Nadu, India., K P Ragunath
Published: December 2020

Rice cultivation has been recognized as one of the major anthropogenic source for CH4 emissions. Methane emission from rice fields is a microbial mediated anaerobic activity, mainly favoured by the flooded condition. SAR-based operational mapping of rice crop across a diverse range of environments is possible with the increasing availability of multi-temporal SAR satellite data. Precise estimation of methane emission from rice fields at regional scale depends on accurate assessment of rice area and the corresponding time of flooding in those fields with IPCC emission factor. Start of Season (SoS) map was derived from satellite data showing rice emergence dates in Tiruchirapalli district recording 87 to 121 days of flooding during rice growth period. The rate of methane emission based on IPCC factor ranged from 37.4 to 45.74 kg/ha for a period of 87 to 121 days of flooding. The total methane emission from Tiruchirapalli district was 1.57Gg during Samba season 2015-16.
Method Validation of LC-MS/MS Analysis of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Soil
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, A Suganthi , K Bhuvaneswari , J Kousika
Published: December 2020

A simple, sensitive and inexpensive analytical method was developed using solid-phase extraction for the simultaneous determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides in soil matrix using LC-MS/ MS and validated. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and subsequent cleanup was done by dispersive solid-phase extraction (QuEChERS method). The quantification was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI-MS/MS). After the optimization of the extraction parameters, the method was validated by evaluating, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision (repeatability) and accuracy (recovery). Validation was based on analysis at three fortification levels and showed satisfactory recoveries (77.03 to 115.08 %) and high precision (RSDs between 2.01 to 13.83%). Low limits of detection and quantification could be achieved for all the five analytes ranging from 0.0007 to 0.002 and 0.002 to 0.008 μg/g, respectively. The developed method was applied to the analyses of neonicotinoid residues in soil from sugarcane field and pot soil.
Modelling for the Survival of Escherichia coli in Tender Coconut (Cocos nucifera l.) Water by Non-thermal Pulsed Light Treatment
Authors:   Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, P Preetha , N Varadharaju , Kennedy John , D Malathi ,   Post Harvest Technology Centre, AEC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003, India
Published: December 2020

The effect of pulsed light on the survival of E.coli MTCC 433 in tender coconut water was investigated. The sterilized liquid samples were inoculated with E.coli @ 1010 cfu/ml and treated with pulsed light intensities of 0.18, 2 and 5.6 W/cm2 for an exposure time between 0 and 15 sec. The results obtained were fitted with three different models such as log linear plus tail, Weibull and biphasic model. Biphasic model showed the best the performance with 7 smaller RSME values of 9 evaluated kinetics followed by Weibull model. Among the three models, biphasic model fitted well with the inactivation of E.coli MTCC 433 by using pulsed light treatment
Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) Analysis of Growth of Half-sib Families of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Across Environments
Authors:   Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India., R Chandrasekar , A Vinothkumar , G. Nair Smitha , V Sivakumar , A Nicodemus
Published: December 2020

To determine the stability in yield and estimate the extend of genotype x environment interaction of half sib progenies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis across different locations, 48 half sib families and 2 clones were evaluated in a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 replications at four locations viz., Marakkanam, Thiyagadurgam, Karaikudi and Pulvayal after three years of planting during 2013. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis indicated that the growth of half sib families were under the major effects of genotype x environment interactions. The first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (P≤ 0.01) and cumulatively contributed to 88.0% of the total genotype by environment interaction. The biplot technique was used to identify appropriate half-sib families to specific locations. Results showed that families 23, 7, 57 and 40 expressed high stability in performance across environments. Families 74, 92, 36, 88, 30 and 70 exhibited high yield in which environment potential. Family 36 and 74 showed low interaction with high growth performance and can be recommended for a wide range of environments. The families 30, 70 and 92 were having high productivity. Similarly the interaction with environment was also high. Hence, these families can be recommended for specific environments. The locations Marakkanam and Thiyagadurgam were found to be related and completely different from Karaikudi and Pulvayal. According to stability Pulvayal was found to be more stable environment and can be used for breeding programs. Families 30 and 92 are unstable families, however they are specifically adapted to high yielding environment, Marakkanam
Time Series Analysis of Environmental Degradation in India
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Thomas Felix , R Divya Bharathi , S Achudhan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the long-run relationships and short-run dynamic interactions between environmental degradation (proxied by carbon dioxide, CO2 emissions) and the independent variables of consumption (proxied by income level or gross domestic product, GDP per capita) and energy use in India over the period 1975 to 2015, using time-series analysis. The multivariate cointegration methodology is applied in this study to establish the possible causal relations between the variables concerned. The cointegration test and the vector error correction model display the evidence of a positive long-run relationship between consumption and environmental degradation, while energy use is negatively related to environmental degradation. The long-term elasticity coefficients of the exploratory variables on environmental degradation display relationships that are theoretically grounded. The study concludes with an examination of policy implications of the findings.
Stages in COVID-19 vaccine development: The Nemesis, the Hubris and the Elpis
Authors: Vinod Nikhra
Published: December 2020

The nemesis: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Leaving in its wake millions of infections, accompanied by an immense magnitude of morbidity and multitude of mortality, and an unfathomable economic toll, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global calamity. An effective and safe COVID-19 vaccine is urgently needed to prevent the disease, thwart the complications and avert deaths resulting from unrestrained transmission of the infection. The hubris: Vaccine development: While most of the platforms of vaccine candidates have focused on the spike (S) protein and its variants as the primary antigen of COVID-19 infection, various techniques involved include nucleic acid technologies (RNA and DNA), non-replicating viral vectors, peptides, recombinant proteins, live attenuated and inactivated viruses. There are novel vaccine technologies being developed using next-generation strategies for precision and flexibility for antigen manipulation relating to SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms. The elpis: Updates and prospects: There were nine different technology platforms under research and development to create an effective vaccine against COVID 19. Although there are no licensed vaccines against COVID-19 yet, there are various potential vaccine candidates under development and advanced clinical trials. Out of them, one having undergone phase III clinical trials, has become available in some countries for use among the high-risk groups following emergency use authorization. Other COVID-19 vaccines may soon follow the suit. Conclusion: Hopes and concerns: The hope of benefiting from the vaccine to the extent that it may be the only way to tide over and control the COVID-19 pandemic, is accompanied by the likely fear of adverse effects and opposition in public for COVID-19 vaccination, including the vaccine hesitancy. Further, there is concern among scientific circles that vaccine may have opposite of the desired effect by causing antibody-dependent disease enhancement.
Factors analysis of unwanted pregnancies among women childbearing age in Indonesia: analysis of demographic and health survey data in 2017
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Yanti Linda
Published: December 2020

Background: Unwanted pregnancies were one of the serious threats to human development around the world. This analysis identifies factors associated with unwanted pregnancies, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional health services.Objective: We analyzed the extent of unwanted pregnancies and how they predict factors related to Indonesia's unwanted pregnancies.Methods: We analyzed data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017. Descriptive statistics on the prevalence of unwanted pregnancies and correlated factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between intrapersonal factors, interpersonal factors, and community factors with unwanted pregnancies.Results: Participants reported that their most recent was 83.8% indicated a desired pregnancy and 16.2% were unwanted. Multivariate analysis shows the age of the woman (OR=1.37), economic status (OR=1.05), number of children (OR=1.47), contraception failure (OR=0.78), and health worker intervention (OR=1.27) was found to significantly increase the risk of unwanted pregnancy (p<0.05). The number of children is the most substantial factor in unwanted pregnancy among women childbearing in Indonesia.Conclusions: Nearly a fifth of pregnancies among vulnerable women in Indonesia are unwanted pregnancies. WomenEnglish translation.  should plan pregnancy according to the target number of children desired with a partner.
Giving Questions as Scaffolding to Help Student in Constructing Proof
Authors: Laili Nurul , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko
Published: December 2020

This research deals with the challenge of helping student who has difficulty in constructing trigonometry proof. This qualitative research that describing scaffolding process using questions involves 20 students in second grade of senior high school, then selects a student from the 11 students who cannot solve the proof completely. Student’s work on proving test and interview recording are collected and analysed data to identify student’s difficulty, type of scaffolding to help, and development produced. This research points out the difficulty student faces are: difficulty in devising strategy, stuck in the process, unable to find the next step, and unable to find relation between two terms. Scaffoldings given are: asking the characteristic of what to be proven, asking a concept that may be used, directive question, facilitative utterance, trans active prompt and bridging analogy. Furthermore, developments produced from scaffolding given are: student can purpose new idea and strategy, can find relation between two things or two concepts, and student can determine and use appropriate concept.
Evaluation of Hypotensive Effect of Endotrabeculectomy as Stand-alone Operation and in Combination with Cataract Phacoemulsification in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Novytskyy I , Smal T , Levytska O
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To evaluate the hypotensive effect of endotrabeculectomy as a standalone operation and in combination with cataract phacoemulsification in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods. There were 88 patients (88 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma under our observation. The patients of the first group (23 patients, 23 eyes) underwent standalone endotrabeculectomy. The patients of the second group (65 patients, 65 eyes) underwent endotrabeculectomy in combination with cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Results. When comparing the IOP of the two groups, we found that no significant difference in its decrease depending on the type of surgery was detected, in all cases p > 0.05. A significant difference was found only when comparing the “Before surgery” subgroups – p = 0.031. When comparing the usage of glaucoma medications, we found that at the first 6 months, no significant difference in quantities of drugs depending on the type of surgery was found (p > 0.05), but in the next 6 months, there were significantly higher amounts of glaucoma medications used in the frst group to reach the target IOP than in the second group, which can be explained by the slightly lower baseline IOP and the lower number of glaucoma medications instilled during the preoperative period in the second group. Conclusion. Endotrabeculectomy is an effective operation for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, both as an stand-alone surgery and in combination with cataract phacoemulsification.
MATEMATİK ALAN BİLGİSİNİN KAVRAMSAL BOYUTTA İNCELENMESİ: TÜREV ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GEDİK ALTUN Solmaz Damla
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının türev konusuna ilişkin alan bilgileri işlemsel ve kavramsal bilgi temelinde ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının kavramsal ve işlemsel bilgi düzeylerinin nasıl olduğu ve bu bilgiler arasındaki ilişkiler ortaya koyulmak istenmiştir. Bunun için öğretmen adaylarına türev konusuna ilişkin sorular sorularak bu konuyla ilgili bilgileri hakkında derinlemesine bilgi edinmek istenmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılının bahar dönemi bitişinde İç Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki bir devlet üniversitesinin fen bilgisi öğretmenliği bölümünde öğrenim gören 24 ikinci sınıf öğrencisidir.Öğretmen adaylarının soru çözümleri ve sorular hakkında elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir.
BOŞANMAYI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA (MUĞLA İLİ FETHİYE İLÇESİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: GAVCAR Erdoğan , NOYAN Elçin , TOSUN Cansu
Published: December 2020

Toplumda arzu edilmeyen bir durum olan boşanmaların hızla arttığı günümüzde boşanma sebeplerine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verilerine göre yıllar itibariyle evlilik sayıları azalırken boşanma sayıları artmaktadır. Boşanmaların engellenmesi, boşanmalara etki eden faktörlerin iyi araştırılmasına bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde boşanma sayılarına göre iller arasında 3. sırada bulunan Muğla ili Fethiye ilçesinde boşanmış 250 kişiye yüz yüze anket uygulanarak boşanmaya etki eden faktörler araştırılmış, istatistik analizler için parametrik yöntemlerden yararlanılmıştır. Uygulanan ankette katılımcıların demografik bilgileri, anket sorularına verdikleri cevapların frekans ve yüzdelik dağılımları, sorulara verilen cevapların ortalamaları analiz edilip yorumlanmıştır. Evlilik süresi üzerine etki eden faktörleri belirlemek için Katlı Korelasyon ve Regresyon Analizleri'nden yararlanılmış, kadın ve erkek katılımcılar arasında fark olup olmadığının belirlenmesi için T-Testi ile analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda boşanmalar üzerinde en etkili faktörün 'şiddetli geçimsizlik' olduğu, boşanan kadınların evli iken çalışmazken boşandıktan sonra çalışmaya başladıkları, maddi kaygı yaşadıkları, ailede boşanmalardan en çok etkilenen bireylerin çocuklar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Opportunities of Chronic Prostatitis Therapy with Flammulina velutipes
Authors: І. І. Горпинченко  , В. В. Спиридоненко
Published: December 2020

The relevance of the prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases of the male genital area is currently quite high. Considering the inflammatory process as a promoter of the development of benign and malignant processes in the tissues of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, modern pharmacology provides for the effect on pro-inflammatory factors, highlighting immune responses in cellular and humoral immunity, as one of the foundations for controlling inflammatory processes.The use of Flammulina velutipes lyophilized biomass powder-in the above context has significant prospects for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, with minimal risks of developing adverse events and excellent compliance. The combination of the obtained pharmacological effects when using the lyophilized biomass powder of Flammulina velutipes indicates the possibility of obtaining a clinical effect in persons with inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. Flammulina velutipes extract can be used both in combination and in monotherapy of inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, given a fairly complete theoretical justification of their pharmacological effectiveness.On the domestic pharmaceutical market there is a medical product Flamulin forte, the main composite of which is F. velutipes lyophilisate, which makes it possible to take advantage of its effects in the treatment of some urological and andrological nosologies. Flamulin forte, like the abovedescribed products from the extract of the fungus flamullin, can be used as an immunotropic and anti-inflammatory agent, the action of which is aimed at reducing the inflammatory response and optimizing some of the immune response in the body of a patient with chronic inflammatory diseases of the prostate vesicular complex.
The Urgenda Case in the Netherlands on Climate Change and the Problems of Multilevel Constitutionalism
Authors: Van der Schyff Gerhard
Published: December 2020

This contribution analyses the Urgenda judgments in the Netherlands which ordered the state to reduce the national emissions of greenhouse gasses by 25% by the end of 2020. In arriving at this conclusion, the courts relied heavily on international law, which was applied indirectly and directly to the case. The analysis shows various incongruencies and gaps in the judgments’ legal grounds and reasoning, and suggests that a focus on the Constitution is needed as well in addressing such important issues. This will require long overdue reform of the bar on constitutional review in order to stimulate a strong national legal culture based on the Constitution.
The Relationship Between the European Convention on Human Rights and Domestic Law: a Case Study
Authors: A. Strzępek Kamil
Published: December 2020

The article is pertaining to the relationship between the European Convention on Human Rights and the Polish national law. Upon the introduction of the system of economic, social and cultural rights contained in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, the article considers what rules determine the relationship between the application of the law by Polish courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The paper concludes by showing how Polish courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg refer to the right of property. It’s one of the fundamental human rights, when they examine a case. It occurs that clauses, which limit this right, are sometimes understood in a different way by Polish courts and the European Court of Human Rights. Regarding the above, the case of Waldemar Nowakowski v. Poland of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg is discussed. Furthermore, the article presents how the Polish Government executes the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg delivered in the above-mentioned case.
Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and adherence to lipid-lowering therapies following an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bruckert Eric , Desamericq Gaelle , Khachatryan Artak , Ngo Patrick , Gusto Gaelle , Sorio-Vilela Francesc
Published: December 2020

Despite dyslipidaemia management guidelines, many patients do not reach low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets due to insufficiently intensive regimens or lack of adherence to their medication. This was a retrospective cohort study on the Pharmacoepidemiologic General Research eXtension (PGRx)-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registry. Patients included were ≥ 18 years old who suffered an ACS between 2013 and 2016, and treated with lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) at hospital discharge or within 92 days. Patients were followed up to 12 months’ post index ACS, a new cardiovascular event, loss to follow-up or death. Treatment intensity (high, moderate and low intensity statins ± ezetimibe) and adherence (proportion of days covered > 80%) are described. A total of 2,695 patients were included; mean age [SD] was 63.1 [12.8] years, and 77% were men. High, moderate and low intensity statins were started in 56% (1,520), 36% (971), and 3% (86) of patients, respectively. A further 2% (46) were on statin/ezetimibe combination, 2% (42) on other LLT and 1% (30) on ezetimibe alone. At follow-up, around 70% of patients were adherent to LLT, with those on moderate intensity treatments showing better adherence (76%) than those on low (63%) or high (67%) intensity treatments. Despite guideline recommendations, many patients following an ACS are not treated with high intensity statins, and adherence remains far from optimal. Effort should be made to increase the proportion of patients treated with high intensity statins following an ACS and to further improve treatment adherence.
Positive and negative impact of social media in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Venegas-Vera A. Verner , Colbert Gates B , Lerma Edgar V.
Published: December 2020

Social Media usage has been shown to increase in situations of natural disaster and other crises. It is crucial for the scientific community to understand how social media works in order to enhance our capabilities and make a more resilient community. Through social media communication, the scientific community can collaborate around the globe in a faster way the most important findings of a disease, with a decreased knowledge transition time to other healthcare providers (HCPs). This is greatly important to coordinate research and knowledge during a time of uncertainty and protentional fake news. During the 2020 global pandemic, social media has become an ally but also a potential threat. High volumes of information compressed into a short period can result in overwhelmed HCPs trying to discern fact from noise. A major limitation of social media currently is the ability to quickly disseminate false information which can confuse and distract. Society relies on educated scientists and physicians to be leaders in delivering fact-based information to the public. For this reason, in times of crises it is important to be leaders in the conversation of social media to guide correct and helpful information and knowledge to the masses looking for answers.