bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of Cannabinoids
Authors: McGilveray Iain J
Published: May 2016

Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ‐9‐THC) is the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis (marijuana). The present review focuses on the pharmacokinetics of THC, but also includes known information for cannabinol and cannabidiol, as well as the synthetic marketed cannabinoids, dronabinol (synthetic THC) and nabilone. The variability of THC in plant material (0.3% to 30%) leads to variability in tissue THC levels from smoking, which is, in itself, a highly individual process. THC bioavailability averages 30%. With a 3.55% THC cigarette, a peak plasma level of 152±86.3 ng/mL occured approximately 10 min after inhalation. Oral THC, on the other hand, is only 4% to 12% bioavailable and absorption is highly variable. THC is eliminated from plasma in a multiphasic manner, with low amounts detectable for over one week after dosing. A major active 11‐hydroxy metabolite is formed after both inhalation and oral dosing (20% and 100% of parent, respectively). THC is widely distributed, particularly to fatty tissues, but less than 1% of an administered dose reaches the brain, while the spleen and body fat are long‐term storage sites. The elimination of THC and its many metabolites (from all routes) occurs via the feces and urine. Metabolites persist in the urine and feces for severalweeks. Nabilone is well absorbed and the pharmacokinetics, although variable, appear to be linear from oral doses of 1 mg to 4 mg (these doses show a plasma elimination half‐life of approximately 2 h). As with THC, there is a high first‐pass effect, and the feces to urine ratio of excretion is similar to other cannabinoids. Pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic modelling with plasma THC versus cardiac and psychotropic effects show that after equilibrium is reached, the intensity of effect is proportional to the plasma THC profile. Clinical trials have found that nabilone produces less tachycardia and less euphoria than THC for a similar antiemetic response.
Safety Issues Concerning the Medical Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids
Authors: Ware Mark A , Tawfik Vivianne L
Published: May 2016

Safety issues are a major barrier to the use of cannabis and cannabinoid medications for clinical purposes. Information on the safety of herbal cannabis may be derived from studies of recreational cannabis use, but cannabis exposure and effects may differ widely between medical and recreational cannabis users. Standardized, quality‐controlled cannabinoid products are available in Canada, and safety profiles of approved medications are available through the Canadian formulary. In the present article, the evidence behind major safety issues related to cannabis use is summarized, with the aim of promoting informed dialogue between physicians and patients in whom cannabinoid therapy is being considered. Caution is advised in interpreting these data, because clinical experience with cannabinoid use is in the early stages. There is a need for long‐term safety monitoring of patients using cannabinoids for a wide variety of conditions, to further guide therapeutic decisions and public policy.
Adjuvants: Classification,Modus Operandi, and Licensing
Authors: Apostólico Juliana de Souza , Lunardelli Victória Alves Santos , Coirada Fernanda Caroline , Boscardin Silvia Beatriz , Rosa Daniela Santoro
Published: May 2016

Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases. Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of adjuvants is strongly recommended. Since their discovery in the beginning of the 20th century, adjuvants have been used to improve immune responses that ultimately lead to protection against disease. The choice of the adjuvant is of utmost importance as it can stimulate protective immunity. Their mechanisms of action have now been revealed. Our increasing understanding of the immune system, and of correlates of protection, is helping in the development of new vaccine formulations for global infections. Nevertheless, few adjuvants are licensed for human vaccines and several formulations are now being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe the most well known adjuvants used in experimental and clinical settings based on their main mechanisms of action and also highlight the requirements for licensing new vaccine formulations.
A Volumetric Approach to Wake Reduction: Design, Optimization, and Experimental Verification
Authors: Culver Dean R. , Dowell Earl , Smith David , Urzhumov Yaroslav , Varghese Abraham
Published: May 2016

Wake reduction is a crucial link in the chain leading to undetectable watercraft. Here, we explore a volumetric approach to controlling the wake in a stationary flow past cylindrical and spherical objects. In this approach, these objects are coupled with rigid, fluid-permeable structures prescribed by a macroscopic design approach where all solid boundaries are parameterized and modeled explicitly. Local, gradient-based optimization is employed which permits topological changes in the manifold describing the composite solid component(s) while still allowing the use of adjoint optimization methods. This formalism works below small Reynolds number (Re) turbulent flow (Re≈100–10,000) when simulated using small Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models. The output of this topology optimization yields geometries that can be fabricated immediately using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Our prototypes have been verified in an experimental water tunnel facility, where the use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) described the velocity profile. Comparisons with our computational models show excellent agreement for the spherical shapes and reasonable match for cylindrical shapes, with well-understood sources of error. Two important figures of merit are considered: domain-wide wake (DWW) and maximum local wake (MLW), metrics of the flow field disturbance whose definitions are described.
Environmental Risk Factors in Patients with Noninvasive Fungal Sinusitis
Authors: Mostafa Badr Eldin , El Sharnoubi Mohammed M. K. , El-Sersy Hesham A. A. , Mahmoud Mohammed S. M.
Published: May 2016

Objective.The aim of our study was to try to determine the possible environmental risk factors for noninvasive fungal sinusitis in Egyptian patients.Methods.This is a prospective epidemiological case control study on the environmental risk factors of noninvasive fungal sinusitis. It included 60 patients and 100 age and sex matched controls.Results.There was a statistically significant relation between apartment floor, surface area, exposure to dust, exposure to cockroaches, poor air conditioning, and fungal sinusitis. Yet, no statistical significance was found between allergy related occupations, exposure to animals or plants, although their percentages were higher among cases, smoking, and urban or rural residence.Conclusion.We suggest that for patients with noninvasive fungal sinusitis a change in their living environment must be implied with better exposure to sunlight, larger well ventilated homes, proper cleaning of dust and cockroach extermination, and if possible the judicious use of air conditioners.
Adaptability of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureumSchumach.) for Weed Control in Site of Animals Buried after Foot-and-Mouth Disease Infection
Authors: Ishii Yasuyuki , Iki Yusuke , Inoue Kouhei , Nagata Shuhei , Idota Sachiko , Yokota Masato , Nishiwaki Aya
Published: May 2016

After the infection of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Miyazaki, Japan, in 2010, cattle and swine were slaughtered and buried in a site of 100 ha, where weed control is difficult and costly since lands are unlevelled and prohibited to be plowed for 3 years. To consider the adaptability of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureumSchumach.) to the animal burial site for weed control, two napiergrass varieties, normal Wruk wona (WK) and dwarf late-heading variety (DL), were transplanted, compared with sowing of maize (MZ) and sorghum (SR) in both burial (BU) and neighboring bordered area (BO) in mid-June 2011. Even though several weed control methods were subjected to lands, MZ and SR failed to be established stably at only 1/3–1/2 due to the suppression of growth by indigenous weeds, while WK and DL successfully established as high as 82–91%and 73–85%, respectively, in 2011. The poor establishment of MZ and SR after sowing tended to be increased with the year from establishment. Plant dry matter yield and cellulose concentration were the highest in WK in 2011, while overwintering ability was constantly higher in DL in the 3 years. It is necessary to consider the utilization of forage plants on the animal burial site.
An Efficient Electronic English Auction System with a Secure On-Shelf Mechanism and Privacy Preserving
Authors: Zhong Hong , Li Song , Cheng Ting-Fang , Chang Chin-Chen
Published: May 2016

With the rapid development of the Internet, electronic commerce has become more and more popular. As an important element of e-commerce, many Internet companies such as Yahoo! and eBay have launched electronic auction systems. However, like most electronic commerce products, safety is an important issue that should be addressed. Many researchers have proposed secure electronic auction mechanisms, but we found that some of them do not exhibit the property of unlinkability, which leads to the leakage of users’ privacy. Considering the importance of privacy preservation, we have designed a new auction mechanism. Through symmetrical key establishment in the registration phase, all messages transmitted over the Internet would be protected and, meanwhile, achieve the property of unlinkability. The security analysis and performance analysis show that our protocol fulfills more security properties and is more efficient for implementation compared with recent works.
Surface Microstructure of Nanoaluminized CoCrAlY Coating Irradiated by HCPEB
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Han Jian , Jing Zhenzhu
Published: May 2016

A thermal sprayed CoCrAlY coating was prepared by air plasma spray on the surface of Ni-based superalloy GH4169; then, a nanoscale aluminum film was deposited with electron beam vacuum deposition on it. The coatings irradiated by high-current pulsed electron beam were investigated. After HCPEB treatment, the Al film was remelted into the bond coat. XRD result shows that Al and Al2O3phase were recorded in the irradiated and aluminized coatings, while Co-based oxides which originally existed in the initial samples disappeared. Microstructure observations reveal that the original coating with porosity, cavities, and inclusions was significantly changed after HCPEB treatment as compact appearance of interconnected bulged nodules. Moreover, the grains on the irradiated coating were very refined and homogeneously dispersed on the surface, which could effectively inhibit the corrosive gases and improve the coating oxidation resistance.
Effect of Antenna Parameters on the Field Coverage in Tunnel Environments
Authors: Li Dawei , Wang Junhong
Published: May 2016

Radio wave propagation in confined spaces is consequent upon the reflections of boundaries; thus, the radiation characteristics of the antenna have significant influence on the field coverage in the confined space. This paper investigates the effects of antenna parameters on field coverage characteristics in a tunnel environment. A modified modal method is proposed to analyse the wave propagation properties along the tunnel. The relationships between the amplitudes of modes and the antenna parameters, including the beam width, beam direction, and antenna location, are analysed. The results indicate that by properly selecting the antenna parameters, optimum field coverage in tunnel environments can be realized.
Toxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumin Free-Range Chickens in Henan Province of China
Authors: Feng Yongjie , Lu Yaoyao , Wang Yinghua , Liu Jing , Zhang Longxian , Yang Yurong
Published: May 2016

Background.Chickens serve as an intermediate host forToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninum; infection of free-range (FR) chickens with these organisms is a useful indicator of soil and environmental contamination with oocysts. A total of 700 FR chicken serum samples and 300 heart samples were collected from Henan province from March to July 2015. Antibodies toT. gondiiwere found in 18.86% (132/700) of the chickens by modified agglutination test (cut-off 1 : 25), while 23.14% (162/700) were positive forN. caninumby indirect fluorescent antibody test (cut-off 1 : 25).T. gondiiDNA was detected in the myocardium digestion liquids of 4/25 (16%) FR chickens. The PCR results ofN. caninumDNA from FR chicken myocardium digestion liquids (n=25) were all negative. Attempts to isolate viableT. gondiiwere unsuccessful. The results showed that there were antibodies toT. gondiiandN. caninumin FR chickens from Henan province. Accordingly, effective control of feces from cats and dogs and improved pets hygiene habits were needed. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of the presence ofN. caninumantibody in chickens from China.
Radar Coincidence Imaging for Off-Grid Target Using Frequency-Hopping Waveforms
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Wang Hongqiang , Cheng Yongqiang , Qin Yuliang , Chen Haowen
Published: May 2016

Radar coincidence imaging (RCI) is a high-resolution staring imaging technique without the limitation of the target relative motion. To achieve better imaging performance, sparse reconstruction is commonly used. While its performance is based on the assumption that the scatterers are located at the prediscretized grid-cell centers, otherwise, off-grid emerges and the performance of RCI degrades significantly. In this paper, RCI using frequency-hopping (FH) waveforms is considered. The off-grid effects are analyzed, and the corresponding constrained Cramér-Rao bound (CCRB) is derived based on the mean square error (MSE) of the “oracle” estimator. For off-grid RCI, the process is composed of two stages: grid matching and off-grid error (OGE) calibration, where two-dimension (2D) band-excluded locally optimized orthogonal matching pursuit (BLOOMP) and alternating iteration minimization (AIM) algorithms are proposed, respectively. Unlike traditional sparse recovery methods, BLOOMP realizes the recovery in the refinement grids by overwhelming the shortages of coherent dictionary and is robust to noise and OGE. AIM calibration algorithm adaptively adjusts the OGE and, meanwhile, seeks the optimal target reconstruction result.
Obesity May Be Protective against Severe Perineal Lacerations
Authors: Garretto Diana , Lin Brian B. , Syn Helen L. , Judge Nancy , Beckerman Karen , Atallah Fouad , Friedman Arnold , Brodman Michael , Bernstein Peter S.
Published: May 2016

Objective.To determine if there is an association between BMI and 3rd- or 4th-degree perineal lacerations in normal spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries.Study Design.We performed a retrospective case control study using a large obstetric quality improvement database over a six-year period. Cases were identified as singleton gestations with third- and fourth-degree lacerations. Controls were obtained randomly from the database of patients without third- or fourth-degree lacerations in a 1 : 1 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results.Of 32,607 deliveries, 22,011 (67.5%) charts with BMI documented were identified. Third- or fourth-degree lacerations occurred in 2.74% (n=605) of patients. 37% (n=223) were identified in operative vaginal deliveries. In the univariate analysis, obesity, older maternal age, non-Asian race, and birth weight <4000 g were all protective against 3rd- and 4th-degree lacerations. After controlling for age, race, mode of vaginal delivery, and birth weight, obesity remained significant.Conclusion.Being obese may protect against third- and fourth-degree lacerations independent of parity, race, birth weight, and mode of delivery.
Evaluation of Qualitative Changes in Simulated Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Using a Noncontact Electromagnetic Vibration Device with a Laser Displacement Sensor
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hayashi Makoto , Yamaoka Masaru , Yasukawa Takuya , Ibi Haruna , Ogiso Bunnai
Published: May 2016

Evaluating periodontal tissue condition is an important diagnostic parameter in periodontal disease. Noncontact electromagnetic vibration device (NEVD) was previously developed to monitor this condition using mechanical parameters. However, this system requires accelerometer on the target tooth. This study assessed application of laser displacement sensor (LDS) to NEVD without accelerometer using experimental tooth models. Tooth models consisted of cylindrical rod, a tissue conditioner, and polyurethane or polyurethane foam to simulate tooth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, respectively. Tissue conditioner was prepared by mixing various volumes of liquid with powder. Mechanical parameters (resonant frequency, elastic modulus, and coefficient of viscosity) were assessed using NEVD with the following methods: Group A, measurement with accelerometer; Group B, measurement with LDS in the presence of accelerometer; and Group C, measurement with LDS in the absence of accelerometer. Mechanical parameters significantly decreased with increasing liquid volume. Significant differences were also observed between the polyurethane and polyurethane foam models. Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were observed between Groups A and B; however, most mechanical parameters in Group C were significantly larger and more distinguishable than those of Groups A and B. LDS could measure mechanical parameters more accurately and clearly distinguished the different periodontal ligament and alveolar bone conditions.
ICOS Promotes the Function of CD4+ Effector T Cells during Anti-OX40–Mediated Tumor Rejection
Authors: Metzger Todd C. , Long Hua , Potluri Shobha , Pertel Thomas , Bailey-Bucktrout Samantha L. , Lin John C. , Fu Tihui , Sharma Padmanee , Allison James P. , Feldman Reid M.R.
Published: May 2016

ICOS is a T-cell coregulatory receptor that provides a costimulatory signal to T cells during antigen-mediated activation. Antitumor immunity can be improved by ICOS-targeting therapies, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we define the role of ICOS signaling in antitumor immunity using a blocking, nondepleting antibody against ICOS ligand (ICOS-L). ICOS signaling provided critical support for the effector function of CD4+ Foxp3− T cells during anti-OX40–driven tumor immune responses. By itself, ICOS-L blockade reduced accumulation of intratumoral T regulatory cells (Treg), but it was insufficient to substantially inhibit tumor growth. Furthermore, it did not impede antitumor responses mediated by anti-4-1BB–driven CD8+ T cells. We found that anti-OX40 efficacy, which is based on Treg depletion and to a large degree on CD4+ effector T cell (Teff) responses, was impaired with ICOS-L blockade. In contrast, the provision of additional ICOS signaling through direct ICOS-L expression by tumor cells enhanced tumor rejection and survival when administered along with anti-OX40 therapy. Taken together, our results showed that ICOS signaling during antitumor responses acts on both Teff and Treg cells, which have opposing roles in promoting immune activation. Thus, effective therapies targeting the ICOS pathway should seek to promote ICOS signaling specifically in effector CD4+ T cells by combining ICOS agonism and Treg depletion. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3684–9. ©2016 AACR.
Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed from a Biopsy Specimen of a Depressed Lesion Obtained by Magnifying Endoscopy
Authors: Tomizawa Minoru , Shinozaki Fuminobu , Motoyoshi Yasufumi , Sugiyama Takao , Yamamoto Shigenori , Ishige Naoki
Published: May 2016

Biopsies are necessary for the management of duodenal tumors. However, the most suitable targets for biopsy are not known. An 82-year-old woman who regularly visited our hospital for rheumatoid arthritis underwent abdominal ultrasonography. This screening revealed a dilated pancreatic duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed, and dilatation of the pancreatic duct was confirmed. The patient underwent duodenoscopy to investigate the possibility of obstruction of the papilla of Vater. The examination revealed an elevated lesion around the papilla of Vater. Endoscopic ultrasonography and a 20-MHz mini-probe were used to investigate the depth of the invasion. The common bile and pancreatic ducts were intact. The mucosal and submucosal borders were indistinct; however, the border between the submucosa and muscularis propria was clear, suggesting that the muscularis propria was intact. Magnifying endoscopy was used to examine the surface of the elevated lesion, which revealed a depressed lesion. A biopsy specimen of the depressed lesion was taken, and the tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. Another biopsy specimen from a non-depressed lesion was diagnosed as an adenoma. The patient was diagnosed with duodenal adenocarcinoma, and was recommended surgery. She declined surgery and was followed up for 34 months. Because it is possible for depressed lesions of duodenal tumors to be adenocarcinomas, biopsy specimens should be obtained from depressed lesions of duodenal tumors.
Capsulotomy of Ischemically Damaged Donor Kidneys: A Pig Study
Authors: van Smaalen Tim C. , Mestrom Moniek G.A.M. , Kox Jasper J.H.F.M. , Winkens Bjorn , van Heurn L.W. Ernest
Published: May 2016

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury of donor kidneys may worsen transplant outcome. Kidneys with severe injury, such as kidneys of donors after circulatory death, develop edema, which may lead to renal compartment syndrome with reduced tissue perfusion. Objective: We studied the effect of capsulotomy during hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) of ischemically damaged porcine kidneys. Methods: Eight pairs of kidneys from slaughterhouse pigs were assigned to two groups (20 and 45 min of warm ischemia). After 21 h of HMP, capsulotomy was performed, and perfusion was continued for 2 h. During perfusion, machine flow (Q), renal resistance (RR), renovascular circulating volume (RCV), intraparenchymal pressure (IPP) and weight were recorded. Parenchymal injury was examined with methylene blue infusion. Results: Mean Q and RCV increased directly after capsulotomy [percentage increase (95% confidence interval): ΔQ = 32% (17, 47), p = 0.001, and ΔRCV = 19% (3, 35), p = 0.023]. Mean RR decreased [ΔRR = -23% (-31, -15), p < 0.001]. Subanalysis comparing both warm ischemia groups showed no significantly different effect of capsulotomy between groups. There was no methylene blue leakage after capsulotomy in any kidney. Conclusions: Renovascular perfusion can be improved with capsulotomy during HMP, without damaging the renal parenchyma. Follow-up studies need to determine which donor kidneys may benefit from capsulotomy.
A Cost-Effective Mutation Screening Strategy for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Barandika Olatz , Irigoyen Cristina , Anasagasti Ander , Egiguren Garazi , Ezquerra-Inchausti Maitane , López de Munain Adolfo , Ruiz-Ederra Javier
Published: May 2016

Objective: We developed a simple, time- and cost-effective Excel-based genetic screening strategy for the diagnosis of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD). Design: 76 patients diagnosed with IRD and 112 nonaffected family members, from 55 unrelated families, were included. DNA samples were analyzed using Axiom Exome Genotyping Array Plates (Affymetrix) that contain over 300,000 genetic variants, including more than 5,000 variants present in 181 genes involved in IRD. We used a simple Excel-based data mining strategy in order to screen IRD variants likely involved in the development of IRD. Results: A total of 5 relevant genetic variants were found in 5 IRD genes. Four variants were reported either as pathogenic or with a prediction of probably damaging, and 1 variant was reported to affect a regulatory region. These variants were present in 14 patients and in 11 carriers, in 10 unrelated families. Conclusion: Using our Excel-based data screening strategy, we were able to assign likely genetic diagnoses in a fast and cost-effective manner to over 18% of patients analyzed, with a comparable ratio of genetic findings to that reported with retina-specific arrays for about 1/5 of the cost. Our approach proved efficient in reducing costs and time for IRD diagnosis as a first tier genetic screening method.
ВИПАДОК ДОНОШЕНОЇ ВАГІТНОСТІ У ВАГІТНОЇ З ВЕЛИЧЕЗНОЮ ЛЕЙОМІОМОЮ МАТКИ , ПРООПЕРОВАНОЮ ПІД ЧАС ДАНОЇ ВАГІТНОСТІ.
Authors: Markin L. B. , Fartushok T. V.
Published: May 2016

Жінки, у яких вагітність перебігає на фоні лейоміоми матки, становлять групу високого ризику по виникненню акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень, у зв’язку з чим у найбільш небезпечні терміни вагітності рекомендується госпіталізація у спеціалізований акушерський стаціонар. Доцільно виключити тактику пасивного спостереження за жінками дітородного віку з лейоміомою матки. У жінок дітородного віку з лейоміомою матки рекомендується
проводити органозберігаючі операції в об’ємі лейоміомектомії з метою збереження репродуктивної функції жінки.
ДІАГНОСТИЧНА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ ПОКАЗНИКА рН ПІХВОВОГО ВМІСТУ У ХВОРИХ НА ВАГІНАЛЬНІ ІНФЕКЦІЇ.
Authors: Nahornа V. F. , Moskalenko T. Ya. , Hrytsenko A. A.
Published: May 2016

На підставі обстеження (цитологічний, рН-метрія піхвового вмісту, бактеріологічний, ДНК-технології, ІФА рівня естрогенів) 30 жінок віком 23–42 років виявлено високий кореляційний зв’язок між показником рН піхвового секрету, рівнем естрадіолу та кількістю лактобактерій у піхвовому біотопі, низьку інформативність показника кількості лейкоцитів у піхвовому мазку.
КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОРУШЕНЬ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОГО ГОМЕОСТАЗУ В ЖІНОК ФЕРТИЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЗІ ЗМІНАМИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я.
Authors: Podolskyi V. V.
Published: May 2016

 Стан репродуктивного здоров’я жінок залишається важливою проблемою. Серед багатьох змін репродуктивного здоров’я в сучасних умовах набувають особливого значення артифіційні аборти, безпліддя та доброякісні пухлини матки – лейоміома матки. Серед чинників, які впливають на стан репродуктивного здоров’я жінок, соматичні захворювання мають
особливе значення. За даними офіційної статистики та проведених наукових досліджень, найбільшого поширення набувають соматоформні захворювання, що супроводжуються порушенням вегетативного гомеостазу. Саме тому лікування порушень вегетативного гомеостазу в жінок зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я набуває особливого значення. Лікувальні заходи для жінок зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я складались із наступних дій, які виконувались паралельно, а саме: проводилась корекція порушень вегетативного гомеостазу, лікування змін репродуктивного здоров’я, покращення психоемоційного стану і зниження стресорних навантажень. Лікування порушень вегетативного гомеостазу в жінок фертильного віку зі змінами репродуктивного здоров’я потребує пильної уваги лікарів акушерів-гінекологів, терапевтів, а в декотрих випадках – психологів та неврологів.
Запропонована комплексна терапія, що включає фітопрепарати, антигомотоксичні препарати, мікроелементи, препарати, що покращують мікроциркуляцію та стан вегетативної нервової системи, а також  сихотерапію (музикотерапія, арттерапія), аеройонофітотерапія в поєднанні з голкорефлексотерапією показали позитивний лікувальний ефект на нормалізацію вегетативного гомеостазу, що підтверджено кардіоінтервалографічними дослідженнями та клінічним ефектом.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ КЛІМАКТЕРИЧНОГО СИНДРОМУ І АРТРОПАТІЙ.
Authors: Franchuk O. A. , Franchuk M. O. , Kumpanenko V. A. , Kumpanenko O. O.
Published: May 2016

У статті наведені дані про перебіг КС із проявами артропатій у 30 жінок менопаузального періоду. При дослідженні встановлено підвищення рівня гіпофізарних гормонів ФСГ і ЛГ та зменшення яєчникового гормону естрадіолу. Рентгенологічне та УЗД обстеження великих суглобів
показали наявність у них відповідних змін. Застосування для лікування КС і артропатій фітоестрогену «Лайфемін» та хон-
дропротектора «Глюкозамін сульфат» у 85,0 % випадків приводило до зменшення проявів КС і артропатій.
СУЧАСНІ ІННОВАЦІЇ У ВІННИЦЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМ. М. І. ПИРОГОВА ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЗАКОНУ УКРАЇНИ “ПРО ВИЩУ ОСВІТУ”
Authors: Moroz V. M. , Huminskyi Yu. Y. , Fomina L. V. , Polesya T. L.
Published: May 2016

На сучасному етапі відбувається інтеграція вищої освіти України в Європейський освітній простір. Затверджений Закон України  “Про вищу освіту” від 01.07.2014 р. передбачає впровадження сучасних європейських інноваційних технологій функціонування системи вищої освіти (принцип автономії вищих навчальних закладів, поєднання освіти з наукою, запровадження власних програм освітньої, наукової, науково-технічної та інноваційної діяльності та ін.). У ВНМУ ім. М. І. Пирогова згідно із Законом України “Про вищу освіту” реалізуються сучасні інноваційні технології організації навчального процесу – впроваджено Європейську кредитно-трансферну систему (ЄКТС), опанування навичок роботи з програмою “СКІФ”, Навчально-тренінговий центр практичної підготовки лікарів, елективний курс “Спортивні секції”, розроблена навчальна наскрізна програма “Фізична та психологічна реабілітація”. 
ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНІ ХРОНОТОПИ ЯК АСПЕКТ ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ
Authors: Afanasenko O. V.
Published: May 2016

У статті висвітлено пошук інноваційних підходів до оновлення комплексу фармацевтичних наук та вибору оптимальних технологій відродження, який можливий за умов забезпечення сучасних методологічних засад у навчально-виховному процесі вищих медичних закладів. 
ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНА ОСВІТА В АВСТРІЇ ТА ЇЇ ПОРІВНЯННЯ З УКРАЇНОЮ
Authors: Hospodarskyi I. Ya. , Kharchenko N. V. , Vayda A. R.
Published: May 2016

У статті розглянуті особливості післядипломної медичної освіти в Австрії, її переваги і недоліки у порівнянні з післядипломною освіти в Україні. Також обґрунтовано можливість використання певних елементів австрійської моделі в нашій країні.
Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War
Authors: Huang Reyko
Published: May 2016

In the midst of civil war, rebel groups often expend significant resources opening offices in foreign capitals, meeting with heads of state, expanding their overseas networks, appealing to international organizations, and contacting foreign media. Existing scholarship has generally neglected international diplomacy as an aspect of violent rebellion, focusing instead on rebel efforts at domestic organization. A systematic documentation of rebel diplomacy in post–1950 civil wars using new quantitative and qualitative data shows that rebel diplomacy is commonplace and that many groups demonstrate as much concern for overseas political campaigns as they do for domestic and local mobilization. Diplomacy, furthermore, is not a weapon of the militarily weak, but a tactical choice for rebel groups seeking political capital within an international system that places formidable barriers to entry on nonstate entities. An original analysis of the diplomacy of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola in the Angolan civil war using archival sources further demonstrates why rebels may become active diplomats in one phase of a conflict but eschew diplomacy in another. More broadly, the international relations of rebel groups promise to be an important new research agenda in understanding violent politics.
The Pivot before the Pivot: U.S. Strategy to Preserve the Power Balance in Asia
Authors: Silove Nina
Published: May 2016

American critics of the Barack Obama administration's 2011 “pivot to Asia” policy claim that, despite the lofty rhetoric, the United States has pursued an anemic strategy in Asia. Chinese critics of the pivot to Asia assert that it is a bellicose strategy aimed at containing China's rise. These two conflicting criticisms are addressed in a detailed historical narrative that traces the development and implementation of U.S. strategy, based on declassified documents, some of which have never before been made public, and extensive in-depth interviews with senior policymakers. Neither American nor Chinese critics of the pivot to Asia are correct. If this policy is properly dated and measured, the United States undertook a substantive military, diplomatic, and later economic reorientation toward Asia. That reorientation started in the mid-2000s, well before the pivot announcement. The aim of the reorientation was not to contain China's rise. Rather, the United States sought to manage China's growth through a blend of internal and external balancing combined with expanded engagement with China. These means were intended to work symbiotically to expand the combined power of the United States and its allies and partners in Asia, and to dissuade China from bidding for hegemony. The ultimate effect of the reorientation strategy—if successful—would be to preserve the existing power balance in the region, in which the United States has held the superior position.
Descartes on the Eternal Truths and Essences of Mathematics: An Alternative Reading
Authors: Hattab Helen
Published: May 2016

René Descartes is neither a Conceptualist nor a Platonist when it comes to the ontological status of the eternal truths and essences of mathematics but articulates a view derived from Proclus. There are several advantages to interpreting Descartes’ texts in light of Proclus’ view of universals and philosophy of mathematics. Key passages that, on standard readings, are in conflict are reconciled if we read Descartes as appropriating Proclus’ threefold distinction among universals. Specifically, passages that appear to commit Descartes to a Platonist view of mathematical objects and the truths that follow from them are no longer in tension with the Conceptualist view of universals implied by his treatment of the eternal truths in the Principles of Philosophy. This interpretation also fits the historical evidence and explains why Descartes ends up with seemingly inconsistent commitments to divine simplicity and God’s efficient creation of truths that are not merely conceptually distinct from the divine essence.
Ausblick auf Edition und Kommentar einer frühneuzeitlichen Dämonologie
Authors: Bulang Tobias , Kessel Raffaela , van de Löcht Joana , Schmitt Nicolai
Published: May 2016

This paper introduces Johann Fischart’s German translation of Jean Bodin’s Démonomanie des sorciers. It provides the social and historical background of Fischart’s demonological works. The Daemonomania Magorum as well as Bodin’s Démonomanie elaborate a discourse of witchcraft, which borrows from very different fields of knowledge: theology, philosophy, medicine, history of magic and historiography. Therefore, the critical edition of and the commentary on this work are faced with certain interdisciplinary challenges. The paper documents the authors’ recent efforts in this field and explains the relevant principles and criteria of our project, accompanied by specimen copies of the edition and the commentary.
Description of the egg and immature stages of Potamobates anchicaya J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and intersexual variation in adults
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: May 2016

The egg and five nymphal stages, of the Neotropical species Potamobates anchicaya are described and illustrated for the first time. Intra- and intersexual variation in the abdominal terminalia of apterous adults is also illustrated. Adults and nymphs were collected from three populations in southwestern Colombia.
Notes on the genus Libellulosoma Martin, 1906, and related genera (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae)
Authors: Fleck Günther , Legrand Jean
Published: May 2016

The holotype of Libellulosoma minuta, until now regarded as the unique specimen of this monotypic genus and considered lost for half a century, was found again in the dragonfly collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. A second specimen, also from Madagascar (probably East Madagascar) was found in the collection René Martin together with the holotype. A redescription, including the structure of the secondary copulatory apparatus, is provided. The genus Libellulosoma is closely related to the genera Pentathemis and Aeschnosoma, and its membership in the clade Aeschnosomata is well supported. Evidence from biogeography, the fossil record, and phylogeny indicates that this group, possible sister group of remaining Corduliidae s.s., was probably already present in the Early Cretaceous.
New South American species of Cerambycinae, and notes on Corimbion balteum Martins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: BEZARK LARRY G. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , GALILEO MARIA HELENA M.
Published: May 2016

Three new species of Cerambycinae are described from South America: Mecometopus hauseri (Clytini), from Bolivia; Cycnoderus (Cycnoderus) metallicus (Rhopalophorini), from Venezuela; and Corimbion mutabile (Neoibidionini), from Ecuador. Mecometopus hauseri and Corimbion mutabile are included in previous keys. Corrections to the original description of Corimbion balteum Martins, 1970 are presented.
Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: WIELSTRA B. , ARNTZEN J.W.
Published: May 2016

Multilocus molecular data play a pivotal role in diagnosing cryptic species (i.e. genetically distinct but morphologically similar species). A multilocus phylogeographic survey has provided compelling evidence that Triturus ivanbureschi sensu lato comprises two distinct gene pools with restricted gene flow. We conclude that this taxon had better be treated as two distinct (albeit morphologically cryptic) species. The name T. ivanbureschi should be restricted to the western species, which is distributed in western Asiatic Turkey plus the south-eastern Balkan Peninsula. No name is as yet available for the eastern species, which is distributed in northern Asiatic Turkey. We propose the name T. anatolicus sp. nov. for the eastern species and provide a formal species description.
Dr. Yanai’s Contributions to the Discovery and Science of the MJO
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Zhang Chidong
Published: May 2016

This chapter reviews Professor Michio Yanai’s contributions to the discovery and science of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Professor Yanai’s work on equatorial waves played an inspirational role in the MJO discovery by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. Professor Yanai also made direct and important contributions to MJO research. These research contributions include work on the vertically integrated moist static energy budget, cumulus momentum transport, eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy budgets, and tropical–extratropical interactions. Finally, Professor Yanai left a legacy through his students, who continue to push the bounds of MJO research.
Reduction of Climate Sensitivity to Solar Forcing due to Stratospheric Ozone Feedback
Authors: Chiodo G. , Polvani L. M.
Published: May 2016

An accurate assessment of the role of solar variability is a key step toward a proper quantification of natural and anthropogenic climate change. To this end, climate models have been extensively used to quantify the solar contribution to climate variability. However, owing to the large computational cost, the bulk of modeling studies to date have been performed without interactive stratospheric photochemistry: the impact of this simplification on the modeled climate system response to solar forcing remains largely unknown. Here this impact is quantified by comparing the response of two model configurations, with and without interactive ozone chemistry. Using long integrations, robust surface temperature and precipitation responses to an idealized irradiance increase are obtained. Then, it is shown that the inclusion of interactive stratospheric chemistry significantly reduces the surface warming (by about one-third) and the accompanying precipitation response. This behavior is linked to photochemically induced stratospheric ozone changes, and their modulation of the surface solar radiation. The results herein suggest that neglecting stratospheric photochemistry leads to a sizable overestimate of the surface response to changes in solar irradiance. This has implications for simulations of the climate in the last millennium and geoengineering applications employing irradiance changes larger than those observed over the 11-yr sunspot cycle, where models often use simplified treatments of stratospheric ozone that are inconsistent with the imposed solar forcing.
A Comparison of Two Ensemble Generation Methods Using Oceanic Singular Vectors and Atmospheric Lagged Initialization for Decadal Climate Prediction
Authors: Marini Camille , Polkova Iuliia , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef
Published: May 2016

The sensitivity of ensemble spread and forecast skill scores of decadal predictions to details of the ensemble generation is investigated by incorporating uncertainties of ocean initial conditions using ocean singular-vector-based (OSV) perturbations. Results are compared to a traditional atmospheric lagged initialization (ALI) method. Both sets of experiments are performed using the coupled MPI-ESM model initialized from the GECCO2 ocean synthesis. The OSVs are calculated from a linear inverse model based on a historical MPI-ESM run. During the first three lead years, the sea surface temperature spread from ALI hindcasts appears to be strongly underestimated, while OSV hindcasts show a more realistic spread. However, for later lead times (the second pentad of hindcasts), the spread becomes overestimated for large areas of the ocean in both ensembles. Yet, for integrated measures such as the North Atlantic SST and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the spread of OSV hindcasts is overestimated at initial time and reduces over time. The spread reliability measures are shown to be sensitive to the choice of the verification dataset. In this context, it is found that HadISST tends to underestimate the variability of SST as compared to Reynolds SST and satellite observations. In terms of forecast skill for surface air temperature, SST, and ocean heat content, OSV hindcasts show improvement over ALI hindcasts over the North Atlantic Ocean up to lead year 5.
Persistent Renal Dysfunction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choe Jeong Cheon , Cha Kwang Soo , Ahn Jinhee , Park Jin Sup , Lee Hye Won , Oh Jun-Hyok , Kim Jeong Su , Choi Jung Hyun , Park Yong Hyun , Lee Han Cheol , Kim June Hong , Chun Kook Jin , Hong Taek Jong , Ahn Youngkeun , Jeong Myung Ho ,   the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators
Published: May 2016

We determined the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of persistent renal dysfunction (PRD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among 16 264 patients enrolled in a nationwide registry, we studied patients with AMI who had their estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline and 1 month later (n = 3606). We used multivariate regression and propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards to evaluate the association between PRD and outcomes. Persistent renal dysfunction occurred in 1333 (37%) patients. Significant PRD contributors included old age, low body mass index (BMI), hypertension, Killip class, and the extent of vessel disease. Persistent renal dysfunction was associated with an increased 1-year major adverse cardiac events (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization) relative to no-PRD (entire cohort: 6.2% vs 4.5%, hazard ratio[HR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.25, P = .003; PS-matched cohort: 7.2% vs 4.9%, HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.08-2.58, P = .022). In conclusion, PRD occurred in approximately one-third of patients with AMI following PCI. It was associated with old age, hypertension, low BMI, initial hemodynamic instability, and extent of vessel disease and was a predictor of worse outcomes at 1 year.
Singular Spectrum Analysis: A Note on Data Processing for Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imagers
Authors: Rafert J. Bruce , Zabalza Jaime , Marshall Stephen , Ren Jinchang
Published: May 2016

Hyperspectral remote sensing is experiencing a dazzling proliferation of new sensors, platforms, systems, and applications with the introduction of novel, low-cost, low-weight sensors. Curiously, relatively little development is now occurring in the use of Fourier transform (FT) systems, which have the potential to operate at extremely high throughput without use of a slit or reductions in both spatial and spectral resolution that thin film based mosaic sensors introduce. This study introduces a new physics-based analytical framework called singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to process raw hyperspectral imagery collected with FT imagers that addresses some of the data processing issues associated with the use of the inverse FT. Synthetic interferogram data are analyzed using SSA, which adaptively decomposes the original synthetic interferogram into several independent components associated with the signal, photon and system noise, and the field illumination pattern.
Illness Symptoms Experienced by Children Exposed to Benzene After a Flaring Incident at the BP Refinery Facility in Texas City
Authors: D’Andrea Mark A. , Reddy G. Kesava
Published: May 2016

Objective. To evaluate the illness symptoms experienced by children who were exposed to benzene following a flaring incident at the BP refinery in Texas City, Texas. Methods. A total of 641 children, aged <17 years, exposed to benzene were included. Using medical charts, data on the children’s illness symptoms as well as the serum levels of β-2-microglobulin and the amount of urinary excretion of phenol were reviewed and analyzed. Results. A total of 1790 illness symptoms were reported in 641 children exposed to benzene. Upper respiratory symptoms were the most (67%) frequently reported, followed by neurological symptoms (57%), diarrhea (25%), and cough (24%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that neurological symptoms ( R2 = 0.75), chest pain ( R2 = 0.64), joint pain ( R2 = 0.57), and vision difficulty ( R2 = 0.54) were positively associated with increasing age. β-2-Microglobulin levels were significantly higher in children <5 years compared with those >5 year ( P = .04). Conversely, urinary phenol levels were significantly lower in children <5 years compared with those >5 years ( P = .00). Conclusion. Together, these findings reveal that children exposed to benzene experience a range of illness symptoms and an altered profile of urinary phenol indicating their vulnerability to potentially increased health complications.
Accumulation through derealization: How corporate violence remains unchecked
Authors: Varman Rohit , Al-Amoudi Ismael
Published: May 2016

This study examines the alleged organization of violence by Coca-Cola through a field study conducted in a village in India. It draws on the works of Judith Butler to show how subaltern groups are derealized and made into ungrievable lives through specific, yet recurrent, practices that keep violence unchecked. Many participants attempt to resist derealization through protest activities that showcase their vulnerability. However, the firm appropriates their claims to vulnerability through a paternalistic discourse that justifies intensified violence and derealization. This research offers insights into accumulation through derealization and on the effects of resistance to it.