bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of purine release in ostrich meat under different food heating techniques
Authors: Hou Chuanli , Xiao Lu , Sha Wanqian , Liu Huilin , Wang Yanbo , Ren Jiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Ostrich meat has attracted significant attention as an appealing substitute for traditional red meat, particularly due to its abundant protein content, minimal fat content, and wide array of vital nutrients. However, concerns remain regarding the purine content of ostrich meat and its implications for human health, particularly in relation to conditions such as hyperuricemia and gout. This study focused on ostrich meat, an increasingly popular emerging ‘red meat’ ingredient, and investigated the effects of three types of single physical field processing (steam, microwave, and infrared) as well as their combinations in dual and triple physical field processing on purine content in ostrich meat. The results indicated that both dual and triple physical field combinations significantly reduced purine content in ostrich meat (p < 0.001). Compared with fresh ostrich meat, dual physical field processing (steam + infrared) and triple physical field processing achieved the greatest reductions in purine content, by 43.34% and 45.12%, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of processing on purine content after simulated digestion was assessed. The results revealed significant variations in purine content among different processing methods, which have implications for the nutritional quality and safety of processed ostrich meat products. Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing processing methods and promoting the development of healthier meat products with reduced purine content.
Study on heat-induced aggregation and gelation behaviours of myofibrillar protein/casein mixtures
Authors: Ma Mengke , Ding Yuxin , Shen Zhiwen , Xu Yanshun
Published: January 2025

In this study, the aggregation and gelation behaviours of heat-induced fish myofibrillar protein (MP)/casein mixtures prepared with different mixing ratios (MP: casein = 1:0, 5:1, 1:1, 0:1) were investigated. The rheological results showed that casein significantly affected the rheological behaviour of MP, and the storage modulus decreased as the mixing ratio changed from 1:0 to 0:1. Results in turbidity, particle size, SEM and SDS-PAGE indicated that MP and M:C = 5:1 groups exhibited higher cross-linking aggregation especially under high-temperature heating. From 40 °C to 90 °C, the mixed systems showed higher total sulfhydryl contents and bromophenol blue binding amounts (P < 0.05) compared with individual systems, suggesting that hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds were probably the main forces for the formation of binary MP-casein complexes. Additionally, the M:C = 5:1 group presented obvious transition of α-helix to β-sheet with the α-helix decreasing from 15.58% to 9.00% and β-sheet increasing from 48.68% to 57.62%. Overall, when the mixing ratio of MP to casein was 5:1, it is more conducive to the formation a superior gel network. The present study helps to elucidate the correlation between protein aggregation behaviours in solution and the network structure in gel, providing a theoretical basis for the textural regulation of gel food based on binary protein system.
Digital transformation and pathways for promoting global value position: an empirical study in Chinese manufacturing industries
Authors: Yongzhang Li
Published: January 2025

Digital transformation offers new avenues for the photovoltaic manufacturing industry and his paper, grounded in value chain theory, collaborative management theory, and value chain cost control theory, examines digital transformation through three key dimensions: process optimization, platform ecosystem development, and data-driven strategies. The results show that digital transformation has effectively streamlined R&D, procurement, production, and sales costs. Notably, the R&D expenditure as a percentage of operating income decreased from around 4.2% to 3.1%. Furthermore, after digital transformation, significant improvements were seen in supplier delivery qualification rates, market share, and customer satisfaction.
Tropical climate prediction method combining random forest and feature fusion
Authors: Liu Guotao
Published: January 2025

Tropical cyclones pose significant threats to coastal populations, causing destruction and loss of life. Precisely forecasting the frequency and arrival dates is still a challenge. This research presents a technique for feature extraction and integration using a random forest (RF) model with a cascaded convolutional neural network. The approach combines different meteorological maps and uses a feature fusion technique to improve prediction accuracy. The RF model is optimized by a grid search algorithm. The results show that the proposed model outperforms conventional models to achieve a mean absolute error of 0.48 and a mean relative error of 14.14%.
Experimental validation of a simplified CFD model for a PCM-water finned heat exchanger
Authors: González Gallero Francisco Javier , González Siles Gabriel , Rodríguez Maestre Ismael , Foncubierta Blázquez Juan Luis , Bottarelli Michelle
Published: January 2025

The most widely used numerical models in the scientific literature for simulating heat exchangers with phase change materials (PCMs) and water as the heat transfer fluid, are based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, with the modelling of phase change being the key issue. The consideration of phase change effect, as well as the resolution of the movement of the PCM in the liquid state, make CFD models computationally very expensive. However, various published experiments indicate that during the heat discharge process, the dominant heat transfer mechanism is conduction in the solidified PCM around the finned tube. For this reason, this article presents a simplified CFD model, where convective flow of the PCM is neglected during the discharge process. The model was validated experimentally, and to achieve this validation process, an experimental prototype of a one-meter-long axially finned heat exchanger with four fins was built. Inlet and outlet water temperatures were continuously recorded, along with temperatures at various points inside the PCM, under four different water flow rates. The proposed numerical model was able to predict the outlet water temperature with an error smaller than 1°C in all cases, and to capture the observed trend in temperature inside the PCM.
Nanoscale visualization of crack tips inside molten corium–concrete interaction debris using 3D-FIB-SEM with multiphase positional misalignment correction
Authors: Miyata Hotaka , Yoshida Kenta , Konashi Kenji , Du Yufeng , Kitagaki Toru , Shobu Takahisa , Shimada Yusuke
Published: January 2025

Characterizing molten corium–concrete interaction (MCCI) fuel debris in Fukushima reactors is essential to develop efficient methods for its removal. To enhance the accuracy of microscopic observation and focused ion beam microsampling of MCCI fuel debris, we developed a 3D focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy technique with a multiphase positional misalignment correction method. This system automatically aligns voxel positions, corrects contrast and removes artifacts from a series of over 500 scanning electron microscopy images. The multiphase positional misalignment correction method, which focuses on time-modulated contrast, considerably reduces charge-up artifacts in glass phases, enabling 3D morphological observation and analytical transmission electron microscopy of crack tips in two types of MCCI debris at the 3D/nanoscale for the first time. In the Fe–ZrSiO4-based debris, metallic balls composed of Fe, Cr2O3 and ZrO2 with dimples on the surface of about 2–58 µm in diameter were observed at the crack tips. In the (Zr, U)SiO4-based debris, a core–shell structure composed of a (U, Zr)O2 core with a diameter of about 1–5 μm and a (Zr, U)SiO4 shell with a diameter of about 2–9 μm in complex MCCI fuel debris at the crack tips.
Neuro-reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity of 1-bromopropane: studies for evidence-based preventive medicine
Authors: Ichihara Gaku
Published: January 2025

Bromopropane was introduced commercially as an alternative to ozone-depleting and global-warming solvents. The identification of 1-bromopropane neurotoxicity in animal experiments was followed by reports of human cases of 1-bromopropane toxicity. In humans, the most common clinical features of 1-bromopropane neurotoxicity are decreased sensation, weakness in extremities, and walking difficulties. Moreover, decreased cognition, abnormal findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging, urinary incontinence, and numbness in the perineal area have also been described in workers exposed to 1-bromopropane. Murine histological studies showed that exposure to 1-bromopropane reduced the density of brain noradrenergic axons. Furthermore, proteome studies demonstrated 1-bromopropane-induced changes in the expression of proteins in the hippocampus of rats, similar to the changes seen in mice exposed to acrylamide, suggesting a common mechanism of electrophile-induced neurotoxicity. In addition to its neurotoxicity, 1-bromopropane also induces male reproductive toxicity in rats, although the targeted areas in the reproductive system differ from those affected by 2-bromopropane. However, exposure to high levels of 1-bromopropane was reported to induce spermatogenic cell degeneration, similar to that caused by 2-bromopropane, suggesting common mechanism(s) underlying 1- and 2-bromopropane-induced male reproductive toxicity. Plural approaches, including human, animal, and mechanistic studies, are useful for identification of 1-bromopropane neurotoxicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer summarized that 1-bromopropane as well as 2-bromopropane share several key characteristics of carcinogens. Plural approaches can establish evidence-based preventive medicine by modification of the conventional evidence-based medicine (EBM), which has been developed for therapeutic medicine and is represented by the EBM pyramid.
Walking (Pneumonia) Down Memory Lane: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Returns
Authors: Same Rebecca G , Gerber Jeffrey S
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma pneumoniae nearly vanished in the wake of COVID-19 but has now reemerged. Three single-center case series describe markedly increased Mycoplasma activity peaking in the summer of 2024, including severe cases requiring hospitalization and children with macrolide resistance.
Menthol Cigarette Use in US Pregnancies: Prevalence, Racial and Ethnic Disparities, and Associated Characteristics from the 2010–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)
Authors: Stroud Laura R , Gautam Prem , Jao Nancy C , Sharma Eva
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Pregnant people who smoke constitute a uniquely vulnerable population likely to be impacted by a menthol cigarette (MC) ban. However, there are no published reports of the prevalence of prenatal MC use in a nationally representative US sample including racial and ethnic disparities and associated characteristics.

Aims and Methods

Participants were 1245 US pregnant people who smoked MC or non-MC (NMC) in the past 30 days from the 2010–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence of past 30-day MC use was determined; weighted sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco use, and substance co-use were compared across MC and NMC groups and in multivariable analyses.

Results

The prevalence of MC use among pregnant people who smoked was 52.29% (95% CI: 48.17, 56.41) overall and 92.23% (95% CI: 87.74 to 96.73) among non-Hispanic Black pregnant people who smoked. A greater proportion of pregnant people who used MCs (vs NMCs) were non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, unmarried, sexual minorities, from a large metropolitan area, smoked fewer cigarettes per day and reported later age of initiation. In multivariable analyses, only non-Hispanic Black race remained a significant predictor of MC use; non-Hispanic Black (vs non-Hispanic White) pregnant people who smoked showed 13.88 times (95% CI: 6.30 to 30.58) greater odds of MC use (p < .01).

Conclusions

This is the first study to determine the prevalence and correlates of prenatal MC use in a nationally representative US sample. Given the known causal impacts of prenatal smoking on maternal and infant morbidity, results suggest that the planned menthol ban offers opportunities for improving maternal and infant health.

Implications

Using a nationally representative US sample, this study highlights that more than half of pregnant people who smoke and nearly all of Black pregnant people who smoke in the US use menthol cigarettes. Given high rates of menthol cigarette use and causal links between prenatal cigarette use and maternal and infant morbidity, the menthol cigarette ban proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offers a potential opportunity to develop tailored education and intervention strategies to improve perinatal and infant health.
The metabolite transporters of C4 photosynthesis.
Authors: Mattinson Oliver , Kelly Steven
Published: January 2025

C4 photosynthesis is a highly efficient form of photosynthesis that utilises a biochemical pump to concentrate CO2 around rubisco. Although variation in the implementation of this biochemical pump exists between species, each variant of the C4 pathway is critically dependent on metabolite transport between organelles and between cells. Here we review our understanding of metabolite transport in C4 photosynthesis. We discuss how the majority of our knowledge of the metabolite transporters co-opted for use in C4 photosynthesis has been obtained from studying C3 plants, and how there is a pressing need for in planta validation of transporter function in C4 species. We further explore the diversity of transport pathways present in disparate C4 lineages and highlight the important gaps in our understanding of metabolite transport in C4 plants. Finally, through integration of functional and transcriptional data from multiple C3 and C4 plants we propose a molecular blueprint for metabolite transport for NAD-ME photosynthesis.
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 promotes root growth by maintaining redox homeostasis and repressing oxidative stress response
Authors: Zhu Xinxing , Liu Lin , Yang Liyun , Ma Fei , Yang Ting , Fu Jing , Cui Hongchang
Published: January 2025

Oxidative stress is a major threat to plant growth and survival. To understand how plants cope with oxidative stress, we carried out a genetic screen for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with altered response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in root growth. Herein, we report the characterization of one of the hypersensitive mutants obtained. This mutant had slightly shorter roots in normal growth medium, and this phenotype became more pronounced in H2O2-containing medium. Through genome-wide resequencing and complementation experiments, we identified the gene with the causal mutation as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Histochemical staining revealed that the apical meristem of hy5 roots had an elevated level of H2O2 but a lower level of superoxide. In further experiments, we showed that genes involved in redox homeostasis and oxidative response were altered in hy5 roots and that MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 30 (MYB30), GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE PHI 2 (GSTF2), and GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE TAU 19 (GSTU19) are directly repressed by HY5. Interestingly, overexpression of MYB30, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response, exacerbated the root growth defect in hy5, whereas knocking it down by RNAi largely rescued the mutant's hypersensitivity to H2O2 without affecting the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, knocking down GSTF2 also rescued the H2O2 hypersensitivity and ROS homeostasis defects in hy5 roots. In addition to H2O2, we showed that hy5 was also hypersensitive to high salinity, Cd, and salicylic acid. Based on these results, we conclude that HY5 plays a positive role in root growth mainly under abiotic stress by modulating both redox homeostasis and oxidative stress response.
Integrating biophysical modeling, quantum computing, and AI to discover plastic-binding peptides that combat microplastic pollution
Authors: Dhoriyani Jeet , Bergman Michael T , Hall Carol K , You Fengqi
Published: January 2025

Methods are needed to mitigate microplastic (MP) pollution to minimize their harm to the environment and human health. Given the ability of polypeptides to adsorb strongly to materials of micro- or nanometer size, plastic-binding peptides (PBPs) could help create bio-based tools for detecting, filtering, or degrading MNP pollution. However, the development of such tools is prevented by the lack of PBPs. In this work, we discover and evaluate PBPs for several common plastics by combining biophysical modeling, molecular dynamics (MD), quantum computing, and reinforcement learning. We frame peptide affinity for a given plastic through a Potts model that is a function of the amino acid sequence and then search for the amino acid sequences with the greatest predicted affinity using quantum annealing. We also use proximal policy optimization to find PBPs with a broader range of physicochemical properties, such as isoelectric point or solubility. Evaluation of the discovered PBPs in MD simulations demonstrates that the peptides have high affinity for two of the plastics: polyethylene and polypropylene. We conclude by describing how our computational approach could be paired with experimental approaches to create a nexus for designing and optimizing peptide-based tools that aid the detection, capture, or biodegradation of MPs. We thus hope that this study will aid in the fight against MP pollution.
Mindful self-compassion for lung cancer (MSC-LC): Incorporating perspectives of lung cancer patients, clinicians, and researchers to create an adapted intervention to reduce lung cancer stigma
Authors: Williamson Timothy J , Brymwitt Whitney M , Gilliland Jaime , Carter-Bawa Lisa , Mao Jun J , Lynch Kathleen A , Emard Nicholas , Omachi Sarah , Jacobs Rocky L , Tefera Metasebiya Y , Reese McKenzie T , Ostroff Jamie S
Published: January 2025

Background

Stigma is a pervasive and distressing problem experienced frequently by lung cancer patients, and there is a lack of psychosocial interventions that target the reduction of lung cancer stigma. Mindful self-compassion (MSC) is an empirically supported intervention demonstrated to increase self-compassion and reduce feelings of shame and distress in non-cancer populations. However, there are several anticipated challenges for delivering MSC to lung cancer patients, and modifications may be needed to improve acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Purpose

To gather feedback from lung cancer patients, psycho-oncology researchers, expert MSC teachers, and oncology clinicians to identify themes supporting the adaptation of MSC to reduce lung cancer stigma.

Methods

We conducted a two-phase process of stakeholder focus groups with researchers and clinicians (n=12) and semi-structured interviews with lung cancer patients (n=14) with elevated stigma. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results

Five themes were identified: (i) Patients expressed a desire for an intervention that bolstered self-compassion and addressed stigma; (ii) Intervention instructions were acceptable and understood clearly; (iii) Patients preferred intervention content to directly address lung cancer and stigma yet mentioned that doing so should be done with sensitivity; (iv) Ambivalence about delivering the intervention in person or remotely; (v) Acceptance for an intervention of 8-weeks (or longer) with 90-minute sessions and a group size of ≤ 15.

Conclusions

Findings informed the development of an adapted clinical protocol for MSC for lung cancer (MSC-LC), which can be pilot tested to determine implementation outcomes (e.g. acceptability, feasibility, efficacy).
Strigolactones regulate Bambusa multiplex sheath senescence by promoting chlorophyll degradation
Authors: Que Feng , Zhu Yaqi , Liu Qingnan , Wei Qiang
Published: January 2025

Culm sheaths are capable of photosynthesis and are an important class of non-leaf organs in bamboo plants. The source-sink interaction mechanism has been found to play an important role in the interaction between culm sheaths and internodes in Bambusa multiplex. Research on the regulatory mechanisms of culm sheath senescence is important for the study of internode growth, but reports in this regard are limited. In this study, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed on transcriptome data of B. multiplex culm sheaths at different developmental stages and identified some gene modules significantly related to the typical senescence stages (SS3 and SS4). Among these modules, one module significantly associated with both SS3 and SS4 was identified, and its hub gene (BmCCD8) was a key gene of the strigolactones (SLs) synthesis pathway. To verify the relationship between SLs and culm sheath senescence, we performed experiments such as detection of endogenous hormone, treatment with exogenous hormones, transmission electron microscopic observation and detection of gene expression levels. A positive relationship was found between the SL content and the degree of sheath senescence. Treatment with the artificial SL analog GR24 resulted in a significant decrease in chlorophyll content in the sheath, while treatment with the SL synthesis inhibitor Tis108 led to a significant increase in chlorophyll content. A different response pattern to exogenous GR24 and Tis108 was also observed in genes related to the chlorophyll degradation pathway. Chloroplasts were also found to begin degradation one day after the end of exogenous GR24 treatment. Thus, we concluded that SLs may regulate culm sheath senescence by promoting chlorophyll degradation.
PagHCF106 negatively regulates drought stress tolerance in poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) by modulating stomatal aperture
Authors: Liu Junke , Ye Muying , Fan Zhenghao , Wang Yanli , Chen Jiayu , Li Hongbing , Deng Xiping , Kim Ho Soo , Kwak Sang-Soo , Ke Qingbo
Published: January 2025

Modulation of stomatal development and movement is a promising approach for creating water-conserving plants. Here, we identified and characterized the PagHCF106 gene of poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). The PagHCF106 protein localized predominantly to the chloroplast, and the PagHCF106 gene exhibited tissue-specific expression pattern. Overexpression of PagHCF106 rescued the reduced stomatal aperture and increased drought resistance of the hcf106 Arabidopsis mutant. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing introduced mutations in the core region of the PagHCF106 promoter, which was required for its activity, as confirmed by the GUS staining assay. Mutation of the PagHCF106 promoter reduced stomatal opening and water loss in poplar. In addition, the genome-edited poplar lines accumulated high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in guard cells. Taken together, these results suggest that PagHCF106 negatively regulates drought stress tolerance by modulating stomatal aperture, which might be associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We propose that modification of the PagHCF106 promoter might be an efficient strategy for enhancing drought stress tolerance in poplar.
Genomic Epidemiology of Erwinia amylovora Strains That Caused the Fire Blight Outbreak in Korea
Authors: Song Ju Yeon , Lee Seong-Jin , Nam Moon , Lee Jong-Ho , Choi Eun-Jin , Cho Ye Ram , Lee Boyoung , Kim Jihyun F.
Published: January 2025

Fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease affecting rosaceous plants such as apples and pears, is caused by Erwinia amylovora. The disease, known for its rapid spread and destructive potential, can lead to severe symptoms and often result in the death of infected plants. In Korea, the observation of E. amylovora was first recorded in 2015, and subsequent dissemination has been noted across the peninsula. We previously determined the genomic characteristics of five Korean E. amylovora strains isolated in 2015, demonstrating a close phylogenetic relationship to a North American lineage. Based on these results, we have now sequenced a collection of 92 E. amylovora genomes from various fire blight cases in Korea spanning from 2016 to 2018. Through the population genomic approach, we explored the genetic diversity among the isolates. Our comprehensive genomic assessment facilitated the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships, the correlation of genetic and spatial distances, and the inference of the most recent common ancestor of Korean E. amylovora. We conclude that E. amylovora was introduced to Korea several years before the first disease outbreak. Genomic insights obtained from our investigation will be invaluable for understanding the genetic characteristics, geographic spread and evolutionary dynamics of Korean E. amylovora.
Evaluating oomycete pathogen and community responses to chemical- and Slow Sand Filtration-based water treatment strategies to enable water recycling in nursery production systems
Authors: Del Castillo Múnera Johanna , Beaulieu Justine , Redekar Neelam , Delgado Claudia , Eberhart Joyce L. , Parke Jennifer L. , Hasselhoff Samantha , Hu Mengjun , Swett Cassandra L.
Published: January 2025

While recycling irrigation water can reduce water use constraints and costs in nurseries, adoption is hindered by the associated risk of recirculating and spreading waterborne pathogens. To enable regional water re-use, this study assessed oomycete re-circulation risks and recycled water treatment efficacy at organismal and community scales. In culture-based analysis of recycled pond water at two Mid-Atlantic nurseries across three years, diverse oomycetes (12+ species) were detected using culture-based analysis, with Phytopythium helicoides as the dominant species; MiSeq analysis detected eight of these species, plus 24 additional taxa. Oomycete contamination risk and detection abilities in recycled water was highest in fall and/or spring based on species richness (P = 0.001). Four species, Pythium oopapillum, Pythium aff. diclinum, Phytophthora cryptogea-complex and Phytopythium helicoides were pathogenic to seedlings (90% damping off) and mature chrysanthemum plants, causing decline in more plants than negative controls (P = 0.025)—these species thus represented the known pathogen targets for recaptured water treatment. Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) of recaptured water resulted in an 85% or greater reduction in oomycete recovery from baits across months, although detection in greenhouse water following treatment indicated re-introduction challenges. MiSeq analysis indicated that SSF altered relative species abundances, which decreased for two species and increased for three species, including one putative pathogen, post-SSF (P < 0.05). Chlorine treatment reduced recovery of oomycetes from baits by at least 75%, although diversity increased, as did relative abundance of several species including one putative pathogen (P < 0.05). Together these results indicate that SSF and chlorination have potential efficacy in enabling irrigation water recycling in nursery production, although system modifications are needed to improve treatment efficacy and prevent pathogen re-introduction post-treatment.
Somatostatin-expressing neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex promote sevoflurane anesthesia in mice
Authors: Tang Aichen , Xu Mao , Chen Xizu , Liu Juan , Wang Jiamin , Wang Ying , Cai Shuang , Shu Yue , Zheng Danxu , Yu Tian , Wang Yuan , Luo Tianyuan , Yu Shouyang
Published: January 2025

Background:

The medial prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in regulating consciousness. However, the specific functions of its excitatory and inhibitory networks during anesthesia remain uncertain. Here we explored the hypothesis that somatostatin interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex enhance the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia by increasing GABA transmission to pyramidal neurons.

Methods:

EEG was utilized to reflect the depth of anesthesia. Immunostaining and fiber photometry were employed to assess neuronal activities and GABA delivery. The regulation of neuronal activity was achieved by chemogenetics and optogenetics.

Results:

The expression of c-Fos was increased in somatostatin neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex during sevoflurane anesthesia (air versus sevoflurane: 26.4 ± 6.5 % versus 48 ± 6.2 %, P=0.0007, n=5 mice). Chemogenetic inhibition or activation of somatostatin neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex reduced (from 84 ± 24 s to 51 ± 18 s, P=0.008, n=7 mice) or prolonged (from 97 ± 31 s to 140 ± 30 s, P=0.006, n=7 mice) the sevoflurane anesthesia recovery time. Increased GABA input to pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex precedes sevoflurane-induced loss of consciousness (ΔF/F: from 0.46 ± 0.57 % to 2.25 ± 1.42 %, P=0.031, n=10 mice). Activation of somatostatin neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, leading to a significant reduction in calcium signals within local pyramidal neurons (ΔF/F: from -0.14 ± 0.52 % to -10.08 ± 4.44 %, P=0.002, n=10 mice), and GABA input on pyramidal neurons increased (ΔF/F: from -0.001 ± 0.001 % to 0.28 ± 0.03 %, P=0.002, n=7 mice) in a time-locked manner. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons prolonged the recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in mice (from 101 ± 46 s to 136 ± 54 s, P=0.017, n=19 mice).

Conclusions:

Cortical somatostatin neurons may inhibit local pyramidal neurons by enhancing GABA transmission, which increases the effectiveness of sevoflurane anesthesia.
Can febrile neutropenia re-invent its self?
Authors: Georgala Aspasia , Klastersky Jean
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

Febrile neutropenia as a complication of cytotoxic chemotherapies, remains a major event in the medical journey of hematology and oncology patients. In this review, we are trying to review the new elements and highlights that are shaping febrile neutropenia in nowadays.

Recent findings

Introduction of risk-stratification, expanded use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and oral treatment for selected patients and rapid administration of antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Oral treatment with moxifloxacine or amoxicillin-clavulanate + ciprofloxacin has already been widely tested and is actually a standard of care for a meticulously selected group of patients managed as ambulatory patients. Intravenous treatment of febrile neutropenia is a major challenge for clinicians and microbiologists since the blast of the “silent pandemic” of antimicrobial resistance.

In this setting, strategies that reduce the chances of febrile neutropenia, misuse of antibiotics and enhance the rigorous control of infections may offer a chance to improve the management of febrile neutropenia and offer to our patients the chance to continue their antineoplastic treatment without perturbations.
Is there still a place for lymph node dissection for stage III melanoma since the approval of adjuvant therapy
Authors: Mouna Oumnia , Hanssens Charlotte , Meyers Michel , Langouo Mireille
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

This review aims to explore the evolving management strategies for stage III melanoma, focusing on the comparative effectiveness of traditional surgical approaches like complete lymph node dissection (CLND) versus modern adjuvant therapies. It also examines the latest evidence on the efficacy, risks, and complications of these strategies, emphasizing the role of shared decision-making between patients and clinicians.

Recent findings

Recent clinical trials and meta-analyses, including the MSLT-II and DeCOG-SLT studies, have demonstrated that CLND may not significantly improve survival outcomes in melanoma patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)-positive status. Instead, a shift towards observation combined with adjuvant therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies (for BRAF-mutant melanoma) has been observed. These approaches have been associated with similar or improved recurrence-free survival rates and reduced treatment-related complications. However, challenges remain in establishing standardized protocols for adjuvant therapy use.

The management of stage III melanoma is rapidly transitioning from routine CLND towards a more individualized approach that incorporates active surveillance and adjuvant therapies based on tumor biology and patient-specific factors. Multidisciplinary discussions are essential to guide treatment decisions, and further research is required to develop clear, evidence-based protocols.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in melanoma: pathological response as a surrogate endpoint?
Authors: Meyers Michel , Mouna Oumnia , Langouo Mireille
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

This review evaluates by analyzing recent studies whether pathological complete response (pCR) can be used as a reliable surrogate marker for overall survival (OS) in melanoma treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Recent findings

Trials like Neo-Combi, Neo-Trio and COMBI-Neo show that pCR is crucial for long-term success in targeted therapy for melanoma, while studies like OpACIN-neo and SWOG S1801 demonstrate that immunotherapy can provide durable benefits even with partial responses. Findings from NADINA and the INMC analysis highlight that immunotherapy achieves higher pathologic response rates and improved survival outcomes, offering broader benefits compared to the pCR-dependent outcomes of targeted therapy.

pCR serves as a critical prognostic biomarker across cancer types, with strong validation in breast cancer where it predicts long-term survival, particularly in aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer. In melanoma, pCR is gaining prominence as a surrogate marker in neoadjuvant therapies, with its predictive value varying between targeted treatments – where achieving pCR is essential – and immunotherapies, which provide durable survival benefits even with partial responses. Despite its potential, the role of pCR as a universally reliable surrogate endpoint in melanoma requires further validation through cancer-specific studies to ensure accurate treatment guidance and personalized care.
Real-world implementation of pain science education and barriers to use in private practice physiotherapy settings: an Australia-wide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wilson Monique V. , Braithwaite Felicity A. , Arnold John B. , Stanton Tasha R.
Published: January 2025

Physiotherapists are critically positioned to integrate education into patient care, including pain science education (PSE) to enhance management and outcomes. Anecdotally, many physiotherapists report difficulty providing PSE in private practice settings. Here, we aimed to explore current PSE use, knowledge, and barriers to implementation. A nationwide online (Qualtrics) survey of PSE-trained Australian private practice physiotherapists assessed use, knowledge (revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire [rNPQ]), concept application, implementation barriers, and resource awareness/use/preferences, exploring associations with individual/clinic-level factors (clinical experience, PSE training, work location). A total of 278 physiotherapists (62.9% female, 39.4 [11.8] years, 15.2 [11.6] years of experience, 37.2% rural/remote) completed the survey. Pain science knowledge (rNPQ: mean 10.4 [2.2]/13) and perceived PSE competence was high, although 30% supported inaccurate PSE concepts. Pain science education training via professional development course was associated with higher knowledge relative to university training (multivariable; β = 1.337, P < 0.001). Physiotherapists reported providing PSE to 61% of patients, with patient-related barriers (expecting other treatments: 94%; previous negative/contradictory PSE experiences: 89%), clinic-level barriers (time constraints: 77%; insufficient billing schedules: 57%), and clinician-specific barriers (difficulties identifying/addressing patient maladaptive beliefs/behaviours: 53%; cultural/demographic translation challenges: 46%) reported. Fewer years of clinical experience was associated with heightened worry that providing PSE might go wrong (multivariable; β = −0.034, P = 0.010) and/or damage therapeutic relationships (multivariable; β = −0.049, P < 0.001). Physiotherapists were aware of over 100 PSE resources, with varying levels of perceived use/effectiveness, yet were largely unaware of educational strategies. Physiotherapists called for reduced complexity and greater ability to individualise PSE resources. Findings will guide improvements in PSE training/resources, to maximise physiotherapists' confidence and preparedness to effectively implement PSE.
Influence of lung function on macro- and micro-structural brain changes in mid- and late-life
Authors: Wang Jiao , Xu Weige , Dove Abigail , Salami Alireza , Yang Wenzhe , Ma Xiangyu , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Lung function has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia, but the extent to which lung function impacts brain structural changes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of lung function with structural macro- and micro-brain changes across mid- and late-life.

Methods:

The study included a total of 37 164 neurologic disorder-free participants aged 40–70 years from the UK Biobank, who underwent brain MRI scans 9 years after baseline. After 2.5 years, a subsample (n = 3895) underwent a second MRI scan. Lung function was assessed using a composite score based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow, and divided into tertiles (i.e., low, moderate, and high). Structural brain volumes (including total brain, gray matter, white matter, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensities) and diffusion markers (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) were assessed. Data were analyzed using linear regression and mixed-effects models.

Results:

Compared to high lung function, low lung function was associated with smaller total brain, gray matter, white matter, and hippocampal volume, as well as lower white matter integrity. Over the 2.5-year follow-up, low lung function was associated with reduced white matter and hippocampal volume, reduced FA, and increased white matter hyperintensity volume and MD. After stratification by age, the associations remained significant among adults aged 40–60 years and 60+ years.

Conclusion:

Low lung function is associated with macro- and micro-structural brain changes involving both neurodegenerative and vascular pathologies. This association is significant in both mid- and late-life.
Caring for Each Other
Authors: Gosselin Tracy , Pickett Lisa , Oliver John , Gross Michael
Published: January 2025

Background:

Human errors, workplace violence, and community events can impact nurses and other health care workers’ (HCW) overall well-being. Peer support programs have shown a positive impact on care teams by focusing on second victim mitigation and support.

Purpose:

To determine the type of events and resource needs for a peer support program.

Methods:

This program evaluation piloted a 6-month peer support program and gathered prospective data on the volume, type, and length of debriefing events.

Results:

During the pilot, 192 referrals were made to the peer support program. This included 102 programmatic responses. These data supported the development of a business plan for ongoing program development.

Conclusions:

Peer support programs play a critical role in health care organizations by helping nurses and other HCWs manage the physical and emotional aspects of the work and the environment in which care is provided.
Implementation of an Evidence-Based Nursing Protocol for Mechanical Complications of Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Hu Min , Tu Ping , Xiong Fang-Ting , Ling Yan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for malnutrition. To provide sufficient nutritional support, enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method for patients admitted to the neurology ICU.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical effectiveness of an evidence-based nursing protocol for preventing and managing mechanical complications of EN for patients admitted to the neurology ICU.

Methods:

A randomized controlled trial design was used. The control group received general care, and the test group received care per the evidence-based nursing protocol.

Results:

A total of 118 patients participated in the study (59 each in the control and test group). The test group showed improved nutritional status measured by the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 score, lower acute gastrointestinal injury grading, improved serum nutritional indicators, and less mechanical complications.

Conclusion:

Implementing an evidence-based nursing protocol was feasible and led to positive patient outcomes.
Communication Preferences in Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Mathe Teodora , Mitrea Nicoleta , Ancuta Camelia , Cormack Carrie , Rogozea Liliana
Published: January 2025

Effective communication is crucial in pediatric palliative care and is essential to facilitate shared decision making between families and the health care team. This study explored the communication preferences of caregivers and health care specialists in Central-Eastern Europe, a region with unique cultural and health care dynamics. Through qualitative interviews, key communication style preferences and barriers were identified. The results affirm that caregivers need thorough information about their child's illness, symptoms, therapeutic options, and care plans. Pediatric palliative care specialists must deliver this information competently and compassionately. Both caregivers and specialists showed common preferences for clear, timely, and empathetic communication. However, specialists faced challenges in finding time within institutional frameworks to meet these communication needs effectively. These findings highlight the need for pediatric palliative care policies and practices that enable specialists to engage in meaningful, culturally sensitive communication, aligning with caregiver preferences while navigating health care system constraints to enhance caregiver satisfaction and improve patient outcomes.
Taking a Pulse on Quality and Safety Education
Authors: Djukic Maja , Thompson Chantell , Ke Zhichun , Phan Jason , Padhye Nikhil
Published: January 2025

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic radically reshaped nurses’ education with a prominent shift to online learning. While there are emerging studies on quality and safety education post-pandemic, large-scale studies examining the pandemic’s impact on nurses’ quality and safety education are not available.

Purpose:

We examined quality and safety education in a national sample of nurses who were first licensed to practice in 2020, 2021, and 2022, adjusting for demographic, education, and work characteristics.

Methods:

We used correlational research design to analyze data from 821 nurses, which corresponded to a weighted population estimate of 170 824. Weighted logistic regression was used to model the nursing degree type on quality and safety education variables.

Results:

Approximately 90% of nurses reported receiving sufficient training in patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, and evidence-based practice. Approximately 75% received sufficient training in quality improvement.

Conclusions:

In a national survey conducted post COVID-19 pandemic, nurses reported a high level of preparedness in quality and safety education. One area that may require additional attention is quality improvement education.
A Chain of Events Leading to Posttraumatic Subacute Meningitis
Authors: Miyakawa-Liu Monica Harumi , Jorden Michelle A. , Aljinovic Nika
Published: January 2025

There are few reports that discuss the nebulous entity known as posttraumatic subacute meningitis. Herein, we describe a case where a male was found deceased with Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis 7 days after experiencing head trauma inflicted with a tow chain. Computed tomography scan prior to death revealed a scalp laceration with subcutaneous gas and a subdural hematoma. On autopsy, the lacerations had exposed the cranial bone, but no fracture was identified. Purulence and a pinpoint defect were observed on the dura. Histologic sections of the dura and brain showed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate, ventriculitis, and vascular involvement by bacteria. Toxicology studies were positive for methamphetamine, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures grew S. pyogenes, complementing the gram-staining of the bacteria seen in the brain sections.

While the overlying parietal bone in the area of purulence was notably thinned, a direct route of infection from the soft tissue laceration to the meninges was not grossly identified. The middle ear mastoid cells did not display purulence, and the antemortem computed tomography scan did not provide any support for an otorhinolaryngeal source for the Streptococcus meningitis. To our knowledge, this is the first published report linking head trauma to S. pyogenes meningitis.
Changes in HER2 Amplification Status for Breast Cancer Patients After Immunohistochemistry Directed In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Beech Cameron , Wilcock Diane M. , Moore Kristina H. , Rowe Leslie , Mahlow Jonathan , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta , Cleary Allison S. , Lomo Lesley , Ruano Ana L. , Gering Maarika , Bradshaw Derek , Maughan Meghan , Tran Phuong , Davis Richard , Affolter Kajsa , Albertson Daniel J. , Adelhardt Parisa , Kim JongTaek , Coleman Joshua F. , Deftereos Georgios , Gulbahce Evin H , Sirohi Deepika
Published: January 2025

The 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 testing for breast cancer implemented the addition of immunohistochemistry (IHC) directed in situ hybridization (ISH) recount to resolve equivocal results. The implementation of an additional 2+ IHC-directed ISH recount adds additional complexity to the testing workflow for an unclear impact on HER2 results. A retrospective review of all equivocal ISH cases (groups 2, 3, and 4) that underwent 2+ IHC-directed ISH, since the 2018 guidelines, which were finalized as either amplified or not amplified, was performed. HER2 group number and final HER2 amplification status frequently changed after IHC guided ISH assessment, which was due to significant changes in HER2/CEP17 ratio and average HER2 signal number per cell. Equivocal groups 2, 3, and 4 samples with a result of HER2 amplified after 2+ IHC-directed ISH counts were closer to the threshold for amplification on the original ISH count, yet their counts also increased significantly after IHC-directed count in comparison to those samples, which were not amplified. Groups 2 and 4 ISH counts significantly increased after IHC directed ISH for HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 signal number per cell. This study represents the most extensive examination of efforts to resolve equivocal HER2 ISH results, highlighting a significant shift in therapeutic options after IHC-guided ISH for a subset of breast cancer patients.
Role of Selective Neck Sutures in Facelifts
Authors: Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Sherif Rami , Schultz Kelly , Hidalgo David A. , Stuzin James M. , Rohrich Rod J.
Published: January 2025

Several strategies have been proposed to prevent hematomas and improve cervical contour in facelifts. One such strategy is the use of selective neck sutures. This manuscript presents three surgical techniques to place selective sutures in facelift surgeries as an adjunct to intraoperative hemostasis and aid in neck contour. By promoting tissue adherence, these sutures aid in closing dead space, minimize serous collection, and aid in prompting early drain removal. The use of these sutures in addition to previously published strategies are effective means to minimize the risk of hematomas in facelifts and aid in improving cervical contour.