bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Tidal History and Future of the Earth–Moon Orbital System
Authors: Tyler Robert H.
Published: April 2021

Earth’s rotation rate and the evolution of the Earth–Moon system have been controlled by tidal dissipation in Earth’s ocean. Attempts to model the tidal history have shown incomplete compatibility with observations and unclear isolation of the most important controlling factors. Here it is shown that a relatively simple model with no explicit description of the continents (their effects are instead parameterized) can accurately reproduce the available observations (lunar distance and month, Earth’s rotation and deceleration rates) describing the tidal evolution over the past 2.5 billion yr and also evade the paradox of an early Moon falling within the Roche limit. Notably, the model reproduces an observed dissipation peak 400 million yr ago. The model involves fitting two input parameters (the effective ocean depth h and the nondimensional dissipation timescale

T

˜

, the latter of which can be related to the more typically used quality factor Q). The best-fit values (h = 2.3 km and

T

˜

=
40

, corresponding to Q ≈ 20–28) derived empirically from the model correspond well with the plausibly expected values (h ≈ 2.5 km and Q ≈ 20) derived using independent reasoning and observations. The model shows very clearly that the tidal evolution has been primarily controlled by the rate of resonance in the ocean response, not the evolving amplitude of the tidal forces or forcing frequency. More closely, it also shows that the effect of Earth’s rotation on the Lamb parameter (or nondimensional wave speed) has driven the evolution, and that changes in frequency or other parameters have been much less important.
Dynamical Tides in Jupiter as Revealed by Juno
Authors: Idini Benjamin , Stevenson David J.
Published: April 2021

The Juno orbiter has continued to collect data on Jupiter's gravity field with unprecedented precision since 2016, recently reporting a nonhydrostatic component in the tidal response of the planet. At the mid-mission perijove 17, Juno registered a Love number k
2 = 0.565 ± 0.006 that is −4% ± 1% (1σ) from the theoretical hydrostatic

k

2

(
hs
)

=
0.590

. Here we assess whether the aforementioned departure of tides from hydrostatic equilibrium represents the neglected gravitational contribution of dynamical tides. We employ perturbation theory and simple tidal models to calculate a fractional dynamical correction Δk
2 to the well-known hydrostatic k
2. Exploiting the analytical simplicity of a toy uniform-density model, we show how the Coriolis acceleration motivates the negative sign in the Δk
2 observed by Juno. By simplifying Jupiter’s interior into a coreless, fully convective, and chemically homogeneous body, we calculate Δk
2 in a model following an n = 1 polytrope equation of state. Our numerical results for the n = 1 polytrope qualitatively follow the behavior of the uniform-density model, mostly because the main component of the tidal flow is similar in each case. Our results indicate that the gravitational effect of the Io-induced dynamical tide leads to Δk
2 = − 4% ± 1%, in agreement with the nonhydrostatic component reported by Juno. Consequently, our results suggest that Juno obtained the first unambiguous detection of the gravitational effect of dynamical tides in a gas giant planet. These results facilitate a future interpretation of Juno tidal gravity data with the purpose of elucidating the existence of a dilute core in Jupiter.
The Role of Hydrated Minerals and Space Weathering Products in the Bluing of Carbonaceous Asteroids
Authors: Trang David , Thompson Michelle S. , Clark Beth E. , Kaplan Hannah H. , Zou Xiao-Duan , Li Jian-Yang , Ferrone Salvatore M. , Hamilton Victoria E. , Simon Amy A. , Reuter Dennis C. , Keller Lindsay P. , Barucci M. Antonietta , Campins Humberto , Lantz Cateline , DellaGiustina Daniella N. , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Jawin Erica R. , Connolly Harold C. , Walsh Kevin J. , Lauretta Dante S.
Published: April 2021

The surfaces of airless bodies such as lunar and S-type asteroids typically become spectrally redder in visible to near-infrared reflectance with longer exposures to space weathering. However, some carbonaceous asteroids instead become spectrally bluer. Space weathering experiments on carbonaceous meteorites have provided some clues as to the space weathering products that could produce spectral bluing. We applied these experimental results to our Hapke radiative transfer model, with which we modeled spectral data from the OSIRIS-REx mission in order to determine whether these space weathering products—specifically, nanophase and microphase metallic iron, troilite, and magnetite—could explain the globally blue spectrum of the carbonaceous asteroid (101955) Bennu. The model suggests that the surface of Bennu has microphase iron, nanophase magnetite, and nanophase and microphase troilite. Considering previous space weathering experiments together with our spectral modeling of Bennu, we posit that the presence of nanophase magnetite is what causes a carbonaceous asteroid to become spectrally bluer with exposure time. Nanophase magnetite can form on asteroids that have Fe-bearing hydrated minerals (phyllosilicates). On anhydrous carbonaceous asteroids, nanophase iron forms instead of magnetite, leading to spectral reddening. We therefore predict that samples returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission from Bennu will have more nanophase magnetite than nanophase iron with nanophase and microphase sulfides, whereas samples returned by the Hayabusa2 mission from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu, which is spectrally red, will contain nanophase and microphase sulfides as well as more nanophase iron than nanophase magnetite.
Population dynamics of an emergent invasive fish, striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Haemulidae) in the Gulf of İskenderun, north-eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Avşar Dursun , Mavruk Sinan , Yeldan Hacer , Manaşirli Meltem
Published: April 2021

The striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775), is a recent invasive fish species in the eastern Mediterranean. Although its population dynamics was investigated in detail in its natural distribution area, the western Indian Ocean, an important data gap still exists in the Mediterranean. This study was carried out to determine the growth, mortality, and the length–weight and length–length relations of invasive striped piggy right after its establishment in the area. Samples were collected seasonally between April 2014 and December 2015 by using bottom trawl from 10 and 20 m depth contours off the north-western coast of the Gulf of Iskenderun. After the length, weight, and sex of fish were recorded, sagittal otoliths were extracted and examined for age determination. Then length–length, length–weight, and length at age relations, growth performance, and mortality rates were calculated for both sexes and pooled data. In the study, a total of 1131 individuals were investigated, the total length of which ranged between 7.3 and 18.9 cm. The mean length was 12.32 ± 0.11 cm. There was no significant difference between the length–weight relation (LWR) parameters of sexes and pooled data. The overall LWR was found to be TW = 0.0113 * TL^3.096 in all specimens. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were not significantly different between males and females. The model parameters for both sexes were L∞ = 22.01 cm, K = 0.22 years–1, t0 = –1.30 years. The growth performance index (Ø′) was calculated as Ø′ = 2.03. For combined sexes, the total, natural and fishery mortality rates were Z = 1.14 years–1, M = 0.66 years–1, and F = 0.48 years–1, respectively. The exploitation rate of the stock was found to be E = 0.42. The growth performance of the invasive striped piggy population was determined to be similar to the ones reported from the Gulf of Suez where was the closest natural distribution area of the species. Although striped piggy is proper for human consumption and commercially caught in its native range, its fishery has not yet been established in the Eastern Mediterranean and we found that there was insufficient fishery pressure on the invasive population.
Information source preferences of small-scale fishers in the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey
Authors: Durgun Denizcan , Günden Cihat , Ünal Vahdet
Published: April 2021

Information source preferences of small-scale fishers can play a role in decision-making processes and affect the sustainability of small-scale fisheries. In this respect, determining useful communication tools to eliminate the information gaps and lack of information of fishers is important for sustainable and effective fisheries management. The purpose of this study was the determination of the preferred source of information and priorities of the small-scale fishers who operate along the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey. Data were collected from a random sample of 278 small-scale Turkish fishers located along the Aegean coastline via face-to-face interviews. Information source preferences of fishers were determined by Repertory Grid Technique. In the analysis, obtaining information about fisheries focused on three criteria such as marine ecology, fisheries technology, and fisheries policies. The level of importance given by fishers for each criterion was determined. Fishers prefer to get information from other fishers, followed by fishery cooperatives, and their own experiences (χ2 (11, n = 278) = 1305.920, P < 0.001). Fishery cooperatives are the closest organizations to fishers. The use of cooperatives as a source of information can be interpreted as an element that can facilitate access to information when evaluated through the “availability” of behavioral economics. Fishery cooperatives, which stand out in fishers’ information source preferences, have the potential to be a valuable source of information in all aspects. The results of the research are thought to benefit researchers from non-governmental organizations, research institutes, and universities that carry out national and international projects with fishers.
Fish communities in high-latitude mangrove in north-western Mexico
Authors: Payán-Alcacio Juan Ángel , De La Cruz-Agüero Gustavo , Cruz-Escalona Víctor Hugo , Moncayo-Estrada Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Studying fish communities in extreme habitats is important to better understand the variation in their ranges under climatic scenarios or anthropogenic pressure. In particular, the mangroves in Baja California Sur occupy the northernmost distribution range under two extreme conditions (temperate waters and arid weather). In this context, the aim of the presently reported study was to analyze the functional characteristics of ichthyofauna in two localities, La Paz Bay (BP) and Almejas Bay (BA), which are also located in different ecoregions. For both bays, the composition and frequency values were compiled from monthly samples and the literature. Eleven functional traits were assessed from the morphology of every fish species. Functional indices (Richness, Evenness, Divergence, and Originality) were used to evaluate different aspects of the community structure. A total of 83 species were found at both sites, with 54 in BP and 50 in BA. In BP, six species were residents, eight were temporal visitors, and 36 were occasional visitors. In BA, six species were residents, 15 species were temporal visitors, and 33 were occasional visitors. At both sites, 12% of the species were permanent residents; BA had a higher percentage of temporal residents (27%), while BP had a higher percentage of occasional visitors (72%). The functional analysis detected communities with specialized traits, but in comparison to BP, BA had higher evenness in the community structure. Although greater structural complexity was expected in the community during the warm months, because of the increase in richness and attributes, BA had higher values during the cold months, which was probably because the area is a transition zone and the fish communities are adapted to colder climates. In comparison to BA, BP had higher originality values, and colder months presented higher values than warmer months. Although the mangrove sites had the same northernmost latitudinal limits and both had extreme conditions compared to those in mangroves in tropical environments, the fish communities differed in their composition, frequency, and functionality with more extreme functional traits in colder weather than in warmer weather.
First data on the structure of the vertebral column in Gobio and Romanogobio species (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Gobionidae) from Ohrid Lake and the Vardar River basin
Authors: Arsovska Julijana , Ristovska Milica , Simonović Predrag , Kostov Vasil , Slavevska-Stamenkovič Valentina
Published: April 2021

The validity of four gudgeon species known for the ichthyofauna of North Macedonia has been a matter of different taxonomic disputes (except forGobio ohridanusKaraman, 1924). Recently, a restoration of the species status was proposed forGobio balcanicusDimovski et Grupče, 1977 andRomanogobio banarescui(Dimovski et Grupče, 1974). So far,Romanogobio stankoi(Karaman, 1974), has not been a part of any recent investigation and it is still considered as a junior synonym ofRomanogobio elimeius(Kattoulas, Stephanidis et Economidis, 1973) orR. banarescuidue to the lack of distinctive morphological characters. The osteological characters in the structure of the vertebral column, have significance to the systematics of the gudgeons, especially in elevation ofRomanogobioat the level of genus. To contribute to resolving the taxonomic status in these gudgeon species, the goal of this paper is to identify distinctive characters by presenting and analyzing the structure of their vertebral column. Samples were inspected from the fish collections in the Institute of Biology (G. ohridanus), the Institute of Animal Science (G. balcanicus), and the Macedonian Museum of Natural History (bothRomanogobiospecies). Fish samples were X-rayed as well as cleared and double-stained. Obtained data on the number of vertebrae were presented through the vertebral formula following Naseka (1996). Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was used to check the interrelation between taxa and the number of vertebrae in all units of the vertebral column.G. balcanicusis distinguished fromG. ohridanusmainly in the predorsal and preanal subregion (10 vs. 11 vertebrae and 1 vs. 0 vertebrae, respectively), whileR. stankoidistinguishes fromR. banarescuiby the number of vertebrae in the preanal and postanal subregion (2 vs. 4 vertebrae and 19 vs. 17 vertebrae, respectively). The structure of vertebral column offers distinctive morphological characters for the four gudgeon species from Ohird Lake and the Vardar River basin.
Carpophiline-ID: an interactive matrix-based key to the carpophiline sap beetles (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) of Eastern North America
Authors: DiLorenzo Courtney L. , Powell Gareth S. , Cline Andrew R. , McHugh Joseph V.
Published: April 2021

Carpophiline-ID is presented, a matrix-based LucidTM key, for the adult stage of the known species of Carpophilinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) of North America, east of the Mississippi River. An overview of the features and technical specifications used to build the key is provided. The list of terminal taxa used in the key represents the most current regional account for Carpophilinae, a beetle subfamily of agricultural and ecological importance. The value of matrix-based, free access keys for the identification of difficult taxa is discussed.
Retour à Lergnes
Authors: Guéraut Élie
Published: April 2021

À partir du cas de jeunes diplômées d’écoles d’art dont les aspirations à devenir artistes plasticiennes se heurtent aux droits d’entrée du marché du travail artistique, cet article propose une analyse de la production d’un désajustement durable entre mobilités professionnelles et aspirations subjectives. La première partie de l’article s’attache à rendre compte du processus de production de ces désillusions, à la croisée de cette mobilité professionnelle empêchée et d’un retour contraint à l’espace d’origine, une ville moyenne en déclin. La deuxième partie revient sur le réajustement et l’abandon des vocations artistiques au sein de deux « univers de consolation », la scène associative et le monde privé conjugal.
Individualiser dans un cadre partenarial : la cohérence interne des politiques socio-éducatives en question
Authors: Morel Stanislas
Published: April 2021

L’individualisation et le partenariat constituent deux des orientations les plus caractéristiques des politiques éducatives contemporaines. S’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique de deux programmes de réussite éducative, principal dispositif du volet « éducation » de la politique de la ville, visant à la prise en charge individuelle et partenariale d’enfants ou d’adolescents en situation de « fragilité », cet article se fixe pour objectif de comprendre les modalités pratiques de l’articulation de ces deux orientations et d’explorer ainsi la cohérence interne des politiques socio-éducatives. Loin de se compléter harmonieusement, les injonctions à l’individualisation et au partenariat ne peuvent en effet manquer d’entrer, lors de la mise en œuvre du dispositif, en tension, tant du fait de questions éthiques, que de considérations organisationnelles ou de logiques concurrentielles. Cette recherche montre que ceux qui mettent en œuvre ce dispositif, confrontés à ces tensions, sont conduits à prendre leur distance par rapport au cadre officiellement défini, et à mettre en œuvre des adaptations qui, si elles les exposent à des critiques, leur permettent néanmoins de faire fonctionner le dispositif.
Réussite scolaire et communauté éducative au Québec : enjeux du partenariat pour la réussite éducative
Authors: Gagnon Frédérik , Bourque Denis , Marion Élodie
Published: April 2021

Au Québec, les politiques publiques en éducation ciblent la mobilisation et la concertation des différents acteurs et partenaires des milieux éducatifs d’un même territoire géographique autour du thème de la réussite éducative. La présente étude s’intéresse ainsi aux formes de collaboration d’un groupe d’acteurs locaux provenant de divers champs d’intervention, ayant pour objet de structurer une action intersectorielle concertée autour de la réussite éducative. Elle montre que l’action structurée par la communauté éducative se retrouve paramétrée par différentes représentations de la réussite éducative. Également, bien que la collaboration dans la communauté éducative pour agir sur la réussite scolaire engage une diversité d’acteurs dans des relations multiples et complexes, elle ne parvient pas à rejoindre les acteurs de l’établissement scolaire. Un soutien et un accompagnement semblent ainsi nécessaires pour produire des changements et déplacer les normes existantes.
Fractional Laplacians : A short survey
Authors: Daoud Maha , Laamri El Haj
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the state of the art and gives a survey of the wide literature published in the last years on the fractional Laplacian. We will first recall some definitions of this operator in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^N $\end{document} and its main properties. Then, we will introduce the four main operators often used in the case of a bounded domain; and we will give several simple and significant examples to highlight the difference between these four operators. Also we give a rather long list of references : it is certainly not exhaustive but hopefully rich enough to track most connected results. We hope that this short survey will be useful for young researchers of all ages who wish to have a quick idea of the fractional Laplacian(s).
Positive solutions for the $ p(x)- $Laplacian : Application of the Nehari method
Authors: Taarabti Said
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions of the following equation

\begin{document}$\begin{equation} (P_{\lambda}) \left\{ \begin{array}{rclll} - \Delta_{p(x)} u+V(x)\vert u\vert^{p(x)-2}u & = & \lambda k(x) \vert u\vert^{\alpha(x)-2}u\\ &+& h(x) \vert u\vert^{\beta(x)-2}u&\mbox{ in }&\Omega\\ u& = &0 &\mbox{ on }& \partial \Omega. \end{array} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\left( 1 \right) \end{equation}$\end{document}

The study of the problem \begin{document}$ (P_{\lambda}) $\end{document} needs generalized Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces. In this work, under suitable assumptions, we prove that some variational methods still work. We use them to prove the existence of positive solutions to the problem \begin{document}$ (P_{\lambda}) $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ W_{0}^{1,p(x)}(\Omega) $\end{document}.
Galerkin method of weakly damped cubic nonlinear Schrödinger with Dirac impurity, and artificial boundary condition in a half-line
Authors: Chrifi Abderrazak , Abounouh Mostafa , Moatassime Hassan Al
Published: April 2021

We consider a weakly damped cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Dirac interaction defect in a half line of \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R} $\end{document}. Endowed with artificial boundary condition at the point \begin{document}$ x = 0 $\end{document}, we discuss the global existence and uniqueness of solution of this equation by using Faedo–Galerkin method.
Controllability under positive constraints for quasilinear parabolic PDEs
Authors: Nuñez-Chávez Miguel R.
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with the analysis of the internal controllability with constraint of positive kind of a quasilinear parabolic PDE. We prove two results about this PDE: First, we prove a global steady state constrained controllability result. For this purpose, we employ the called "stair-case method". And second, we prove a global trajectory constrained controllability result. For this purpose, we employ the well-known "stabilization property" in \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document} norms. Furthermore, for both results an important argument is needed: the exact local controllability to trajectories. Then we prove the positivity of the minimal controllability time using arguments of comparison principle. Some additional comments and open problems concerning other systems are presented.
Guideline to Safety and Security in Federated Remote Labs
Authors: Uckelmann Dieter , Mezzogori Davide , Esposito Giovanni , Neroni Mattia , Reverberi Davide , Ustenko Maria , Baalsrud-Hauge Jannicke
Published: April 2021

The interest of the educational community in the laboratory- (lab) based education has grown steadily. As remote labs have started to be a reliable alternative to traditional hands-on labs, security and safety issues are becoming increasingly important, as their interconnected nature raises new and challenging issues. The complexity increases when multiple institutions are involved in a federated lab infrastructure. This paper provides a guideline for assessing safety and security in federated labs following the VDI/VDE 2182 guideline and verifies the concept based on remote labs in three different academic institutions.
Soft Skills & Metacognition as Inclusion Amplifiers in the 21st Century
Authors: Mitsea Eleni , Drigas Athanasios , Mantas Panagiotis
Published: April 2021

In the present paper we investigate soft skills in the light of metacognition. We seek the essential soft skills in the 21st century including green skills and look into their cognitive and metacognitive background. Enlightening the soft skills’ dependence on metacognition, we conclude on a metacognition-based approach and suggest useful tools and strategies. The metacognitive approach of soft skills can be applied in a variety of educational contexts as a training paradigm to accelerate the inclusion and success of students, employees and citizens, especially those belonging in vulnerable groups like persons with disabilities.
To Analyse the Effect of Relaxation Type on Magnetic Resonance Image Compression Using Compressive Sensing
Authors: Upadhyaya Vivek , Salim Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Medical Imaging and scanning technologies are used to provide better resolution of body and tissues. To achieve a better quality Magnetic Resonance (MR) image with a minimum duration of processing time is a tedious task. So our purpose in this paper is to find out a solution that can minimize the reconstruction time of an MRI signal. Compressive sensing can be used to accelerate Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) acquisition by acquiring fewer data through the under-sampling of k-space, so it can be used to minimize the time. But according to the relaxation time, we can further classify the MRI signal into T1, T2, and Proton Density (PD) weighted images. These weighted images represent different signal intensities for different types of tissues and body parts. It also affects the reconstruction process conducted by using the Compressive Sensing Approach. This study is based on finding out the effect of T1, T2, and Proton Density (PD) weighted images on the reconstruction process as well as various image quality parameters like MSE, PSNR, & SSIM also calculated to analyze this effect. Meanwhile, we can analyze how many samples are enough to reconstruct the MR image so the problem associated with time and scanning speed can be reduced up to an extent. In this paper, we got the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) value up to 0.89 & PSNR value 37.83451 dB at an 85 % compression ratio for the T2 weighted image.
Déséquilibres territoriaux en santé en Roumanie. Quel(s) rôle(s) à jouer pour l’économie sociale et solidaire ?
Authors: Bioteau Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Cet atelier conclut un cycle de 3 rencontres organisées en 2015 et en 2016, portant sur les problématiques du secteur médico-social en Roumanie, regroupées sous l’intitulé « Emergence et structuration d’un secteur médico-social en Roumanie ». Il s’agit ici de produire (1) une typologie des différentes situations, et l’analyse de ces situations, (2) de comprendre les effets des régulations publiques à caractères social et médical sur les territoires, leurs habitants, leurs établissements, (3) d’analyser les raisons du non-recours à certains services et (4) de formaliser les modalités (leur nécessité réelle ?, leur applicabilité ?) d’un transfert de pratiques entre la France et la Roumanie (et inversement) tant en termes de formation que pour l’action publique et/ou civile locale1
.
Fabrication of Propolis Self-Nano Emulsfying Using Virgin Coconut Oil as Lipid-Based Vehicle
Authors: Syukri Yandi , Asmaliah Siti , Chabib Lutfi , Fitria Annisa
Published: April 2021

Propolis is a poorly water-soluble substance contain natural resinous produced by honey bees. Self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) play a role not only to increase the solubility of propolis but also to improve the pharmacological activity. The aim of the present study is to fabrication and characterization self-nanoemulsifying of propolis extract (SNEPE) using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as the lipid-based vehicle. VCO (lipid-based), cremophor RH 40 (surfactant) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 with concentration 10-50; 10-80; 10-40% respectively was used to construction pseudo ternary phase diagram. The formulations that selected in the pseudo ternary phase diagram is continued for the fabrication of SNEPE. The formation of SNEPE was characterized include transmittance, particle size, zeta potential, thermodynamic stability test, robustness to dilution test, and accelerated stability test. The result showed that eight formulas using 10-20% of VCO, 40-80% of cremophor RH40, and 10-40% of PEG 400 were selected for the fabrication of SNEPE. SNEPE demonstrated the transmittance more than 90%, particle size with range 9,00±0,00 to 34,10±0,30 nm, and less than-30 mV of zeta potential. The formulation passed the thermodynamic stability test. The robustness to dilution test showed that three formulas with a ratio of 20: 70: 10, 20: 60: 20, and 20: 50: 30 are the most stable formulations in various dilution. The formulas are also stable during accelerated stability study. The results can be concluded that VCO, cremophor RH40, and PEG 400 as a vehicle to produce stable SNEPE.
Antioxidant Activity of p-Hidroxy-m-Methoxy Chalcone and its Combination with Doxorubicin: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Arianingrum Retno , Purnomo Hari , Nur Ramadhina Widya , Chrismara Rama
Published: April 2021

Chalcone has a variety of interesting biological activities, including as an antioxidant and anticancer. Antioxidants are molecules that can retard or prevent the oxidation process or inhibit the formation of free radicals. p-Hydroxy-m-Methoxy Chalcone (pHmMC) is a chalcone derivative reported has anticancer activity both in used single and in combination treatment with Doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cell lines. DOX is one of the chemotherapy agents widely used in cancer treatment but the medicine has side effects of cardiotoxicity. This effect is generally associated with free radical formation. This study aims to find out the activity of pHmMC as an antioxidant both in used single and in combination treatment with DOX by in vitro and to explore the potential of pHmMC as an antioxidant by in silico. Activity tests as antioxidants were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was used as a positive control. Antioxidant activity was calculated as the value of 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC50). In silico study was carried out by molecular docking using Protein Ligand ANT System (PLANTS) software with peroxiredoxin 5 [1HD2] as the target. The results showed that the IC50 values of pHmMC, DOX, and Vitamin C were 11.9; 21.6 and 3.3 μ/mL respectively. The combination of pHmMC-DOX has a higher antioxidant activity than single pHmMC or single DOX. The docking molecular showed that there were similarities amino acids involved in the interaction between PRDX5[1HD2]-pHmMC and PRDX5[1HD2]-DOX. This research indicated that pHmMC and pHmMC-DOX are potentially developed as an antioxidant.
Room Temperature Synthesis of Magnetite Particles by an Oil Membrane Layer-Assisted Reverse Co-Precipitation Approach
Authors: Santoso Uripto Trisno , Abdullah  , Mujiyanti Dwi Rasy , Ariyani Dahlena , Waskito Joyo
Published: April 2021

Reverse co-precipitation (RCP) in ambient atmosphere is one of the strategies to produce magnetite nanoparticles in a rapid, simple, and cost-effective synthesis route without applying temperature surfactants or inert gases. However, RCP of ferrous/ferric blended salt in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution in an oxidizing medium produced of maghemite as a dominant phase rather than magnetite because of the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ happened. Based on this background, an oil membrane layer-assisted reverse co-precipitation approach has been examined to synthesis of magnetite in ambient atmosphere at room temperature. The result showed that although addition of benzene as an oil membrane layer was effective to prevent oxidation of magnetite to maghemite, but the magnetite particle size for the samples from the oil membrane layer-assisted reverse co-precipitation method was much larger than that from a reverse co-precipitation method without addition of oil membrane layer.
Removal of Cu, Fe, and Zn from Peat Water by Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Leaves
Authors: Farma Rakhmawati , Lestari Ona , Taer Erman , Apriwandi  , Minarni  , Awitdrus Awitdrus
Published: April 2021

Heavy metal such as Cu, Fe, and Zn are the most serious contributers to environmental problems. The removal of heavy metal from the environment is the research interest nowdays. The adsorption of Cu, Fe and Zn from wastewater was investigated with various activated carbons as adsorbents. The activated carbons were produced from oil palm leaves by using multi-activation methods. The H3PO4, NaOH, ZnCl2and KOH were chosen as chemical activating agents. Batch adsorption experiment was used to test the ability of activated carbon to remove Cu, Fe, and Zn from wastewater. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Activated carbons were able to purify wastewater with a maximum turbidity level of 2.83 NTU. The AC-H3PO4activated carbon showed the highest absorbability of Cu metal as 91.540%, while the highest absorbabilities of Zn and Fe metals were indicated by AC-KOH activated carbon of 22.853% and 82.244% absorption respectively. Therefore, these results enable the oil palm leaves to become a high potential for activated carbon as removal the heavy metals.
Numerical Investigation of the Interaction between the Thermal and Dynamic Effects of Cross-Ventilation for a Generic Isolated Building
Authors: Benlefki Abdelkrim , Hamel Mohammed , Medjahed Bendida
Published: April 2021

An efficient air ventilation requires knowledge of the complex interaction between the dynamic behavior and thermal parameters. For an isolated building the exact estimation of the interaction between the dynamics of cross-ventilation flow and a convective heat transfer, by overheating one of its internal walls, is an interest way to control the internal temperature’s distribution and the energy consumption of the ventilation system. The numerical simulation may provide an approximate solution to predict this kind of phenomenon. In this study, a numerical investigation of the thermal effect of a heated wall on a cross-ventilation for a generic isolated building with two parallel openings with a same dimension and at the same height is presented. The heat source is considered as solar radiation when it heats the exposed wall of the building. The wall temperature is assumed to be constant and homogeneous and it takes three values 25, 30 and 35°C. The highly three-dimensional flow is obtained by solving numerically the Reynolds averaged equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation for incompressible flow. The k-ω SST turbulent model is used to solve the turbulent quantities. The numerical results are validated by comparison of the horizontal component of velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy with the corresponding measurements. A detailed analysis of the interaction between the dynamic and thermal parameters is carried out and led to conclude that the distribution of the air temperature in the building is much influenced by the incoming fresh air jet. In its region the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the building is almost zero, however, below the jet region, characterized by air recirculation flow, the temperature takes its maximum value for the tree studies cases. Also, the thermal effects of air buoyancy may modify the dynamic behavior, especially at the building entrance, this modification is proportional to the wall temperature and it disappear after mid distance of the flow in the building.
Numerical Study of Combined Surface Radiation and Natural Convection in Vertical Conical Annular Enclosure
Authors: Medebber Mohamed Amine , Ould Said Belkacem , Retiel Noureddine
Published: April 2021

The present study investigates the combined free convection and surface radiation in a conical annular cylinder filled with air (Pr=0.71). The steady-state continuity, Navier–Stokes and energy equations were carried out by the finite volume method, and the Discrete Ordinates Method (DOM) was used to solve the radiative heat transfer equation (RTE). The boundary conditions are such that the inner and the outer radius of cone are maintained at hot (Th) and cold (Tc) isothermal temperature. The horizontal upper and lower walls are assumed to be isolated. Concerning the radiation exchange, we consider that the fluid (air) is transparent, so only the solid surfaces contribute to the radiation exchange and assumed to be diffuse-gray. The computations are performed for Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range 103≤Ra≤106 , the surface emissivity (ε) 0≤ε≤1 and the cone angle () 63o, 76o, 80o and 84o. The key parameters for this analysis are considered as Rayleigh number (Ra), surface emissivity (ε) and the cone angle (). Results are presented in terms of isotherms, streamlines and the average Nusselt numbers.
Extraction of Pectin from Lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit peels and its utilization in the Production of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Jam
Authors: Dhushane S. , Mahendran T.
Published: April 2021

Citrus fruits peels are very rich in pectin and can be used as source of pectin for its commercial production. Moreover, the citrus fruit peels contained several bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, essential oils, antioxidants and flavors are widely incorporated into food products in order to enhance their sensory properties and to improve their nutritional and health benefits. Therefore, aim of this study was to make use of lemon peels as a source of pectin in making watermelon jam along with different levels of sugar and pectin. Pectin was extracted from lemon peel by acid extraction method at pH 1.5, 80℃ for 1 hour. The physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological properties of the formulated jam were assessed using standard AOAC methods. The physico-chemical analysis of freshly made watermelon jam revealed that an increasing trend in titratable acidity from 0.27 to 0.61% (as citric acid), moisture from 52.9 to 63.1% and decreasing trend in pH from 3.95 to 3.31 and total soluble solids from 68.1 to 66.1°Brix when the pectin levels increased from 1.8 to 3.3 g per 500g watermelon pulp. According to Kruskall-Wallis Method the mean scores of the sensory qualities in terms of color, taste, texture, aroma and overall acceptability varied significantly (p<0.05) in the freshly formulated jam. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between in total plate count of all treatments. The results of this study revealed that the watermelon jam formulated with 65g of sugar, 2.8g of pectin and 500g of pulp was the best combination and it could be stored at 30±1℃ for 12 weeks without any significant changes in the quality characteristics. Therefore, pectin which was extracted from lemon peels can be used as an effective food additive in watermelon jam production.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID-19 recovered patient: unravelling an infective sequalae of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Shadrach Benhur Joel , Goel Rishabh , Deokar Kunal , Jain Anukool
Published: April 2021

Dear Editor,
A 55-year-female, house wife, non-smoker, morbidly obese (BMI>35) with no other co-morbidities or pre-existing lung disease presented to the emergency room with complaints of highgrade fever, cough with minimal sputum, progressive breathlessness, streaky haemoptysis, and anorexia for the past 5 days. She was admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID-19 pneumonia three months back and had successfully recovered after 24 days of hospitalization....
Surface characterization and frictional force between stainless steel brackets and archwires in orthodontic patients using chlorhexidine- and Persica-containing mouthrinses
Authors: Razavi Elham-Sadat Emadian , Nik Tahereh Hosseinzadeh , Hooshmand Tabassom , Farazdaghi Habibeh , Arefi Arian Hesam
Published: April 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of chlorhexidine- and Persica-containing mouthrinses on the surface characterization of orthodontic appliance and friction between the orthodontic stainless steel wires and brackets.

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized controlled trial, 75 orthodontic patients (aged 13–30) were allocated (n = 25) into two experimental groups (prescribed by Persica- or chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinse) and one control group (no prescription). The ovoid stainless steel archwires were placed, and the maxillary first premolar stainless steel edgewise brackets were ligated to wires by elastomeric rings. The patients were recalled after 2 weeks, and then, the archwires were removed and replaced. The surface analysis of archwires and brackets was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The frictional forces between the archwires and brackets were measured using a universal testing machine. The data for surface roughness were analyzed by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. The frictional forces data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. The level of significance was P < 0.05.

Results:

The retrieved brackets showed minor changes in their surface topography. The surface roughness of archwires after the intervention was significantly greater for the chlorhexidine than that of Persica (P < 0.05). The friction force between the archwires and brackets was also significantly higher for the chlorhexidine than that of Persica (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The Persica-containing mouthrinse from the biomechanical and biochemical standpoints may be a better option for oral hygiene in orthodontic patients compared with the chlorhexidine.
A novel regenerative endodontic procedure in a traumatized immature tooth using amniotic membrane
Authors: Joseph Ellana Jermiah , Karuna Mahabala Y. , Rao Arathi , Rao Ashwin , Nayak Anupama P.
Published: April 2021

Tooth nonvitality is one of the frequently seen consequences of dental trauma that causes the arrest of root development. Amniotic membrane has received a lot of attention for its use in transplantation and regeneration procedures. This article reports a unique and novel case of successful regenerative endodontic procedure done using amniotic membrane in a traumatized immature right maxillary central incisor of an 8-year-old girl. The clinical and radiographic evaluation done during the recall visits at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months showed a progressive root growth with apical closure.
Sudarshan Kriya Yoga
Authors: Zope Sameer Anil , Zope Rakesh Anil , Biri Gabriella Andrea , Zope Charushila Sameer
Published: April 2021

Important counter measures to combat an infectious disease pandemic include vaccination, antiviral therapy, and immunomodulation therapy. Vaccinations are disease specific and moreover strain specific, so the protection provided is also specific and limited. Antiviral therapies are costly and require bulk production of drugs, hence globally there is an increased interest toward low-risk, cost-effective complementary alternative therapies, such as Yoga and Ayurveda to tackle the infectious pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is clinical evidence available on the potential complementary role of yogic practices in the management of noncommunicable and communicable diseases. Various online databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2020. Databases explored were Medline, EMBASE, Indian Citation Index, PsycINFO, Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region, and Google Scholar. All search results were screened, and articles related to keywords such as COVID-19, yoga therapy, and Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) were selected for data extraction. Quality of the studies included was evaluated on the basis of the construct validity, content validity, relevance, bias, credibility relating to information, and data sources. SKY is a unique yogic practice that includes specific sequential breathing techniques. It balances the autonomic nervous system and thus can alleviate anxiety, routine stress, depression, stress-related medical disorders, and posttraumatic stress. It potentiates natural host immune defenses that are essential to tackle a plethora of microbial infections. This narrative review article provides an overview of potential therapeutic benefits that SKY can offer to the population at large during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Yoga as a Novel Adjuvant Therapy for Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Kong Steve S. , Pham Thanh , Fortis Allyson , Raval Alpa , Bhanusali Neha
Published: April 2021

Context:

Recent studies have demonstrated that physical activity is well tolerated by patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and can have additional benefits as an adjuvant therapy to pharmacologic agents, especially if started early. To date, no studies have examined the effects of yoga on patients with IIMs.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of yoga on self-reported difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADL) and muscle strength in patients with mild-to-moderate IIMs.

Subjects and Methods:

A longitudinal cohort study in which participants were assessed using the Myositis Activities Profile (MAP) and manual muscle testing (MMT) before and after the completion of an 8-week instructor-guided yoga course was performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon signed-ranked test was performed for statistical analysis.

Results:

The average posttreatment MAP scores of six participants demonstrated an increase of 2.51 points, while the average MMT score of four participants demonstrated an increase of 11 points.

Conclusions:

This study is the first study to date to examine the effect of yoga as an adjuvant complementary therapy for patients with IIM. Continued research should be done on the effect of yoga as an adjuvant therapy, for in addition to increase in muscle strength and ability to perform ADL, yoga may offer potential improvements in mood, mental health, and sleep.
Association between Hamstring Flexibility and Sprint Speed after 8 Weeks of Yoga in Male Rugby Players
Authors: Raj Tilak , Hamlin Michael J , Elliot Catherine A
Published: April 2021

Background:

A Yoga-asana-based intervention has demonstrated its ability to improve flexibility of individuals, but has not been explored in rugby players. We hypothesized that a structured yoga intervention may have an effect on flexibility and sprint performance in male rugby union players.

Methods:

It was a controlled trial research design and players were assigned using random sampling to one of the two groups; a yoga group (n = 16) that practised yoga for 1 h 2 times a week for 8 weeks in addition to their normal rugby training and a control group (n = 15) with regular rugby training but no yoga intervention. Yoga intervention included 32 yoga postures to address both the upper and lower extremities of the body. Data were collected during preseason and mid-season on hamstring flexibility (sit and reach test), and sprint performance (measured at 5, 10, and 30 m).

Results:

One hundred and twenty participants were screened and thirty-one players volunteered for the study. Interactions between groups and differences between pre- and post-intervention scores were analyzed using analysis of variance using SPSS (version 24.0). Significance was set at an alpha level of P = 0.05. The yoga group showed a small nonsignificant decrease (-1.2% ± 21.4%, P = 0.05) in hamstring flexibility compared to the control group which demonstrated a large significant decrease (-14.8% ± 23.7%) (mean % change ± 95% confidence interval [CI], P < 0.05). The yoga group also showed minor nonsignificant improvements in sprint times -3.2% ± 10.4%, -0.7% ± 9.0% for the 5 and 10 m sprints, respectively, (mean % change ± 95% CI) compared to controls -0.4% ± 10.2%, 0.4% ± 7.9%.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that completing a structured yoga intervention alongside normal rugby training during the rugby season, yoga helped rugby players maintain their hamstring flexibility but did little to improve sprint performance during the season.