bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating electron transfer – the influence of substituents on novel copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes
Authors: Heck Joshua , Metz Fabian , Buchenau Sören , Teubner Melissa , Grimm-Lebsanft Benjamin , Spaniol Thomas P. , Hoffmann Alexander , Rübhausen Michael A. , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: July 2022

Copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes act as good entatic state models for the electron transfer due to a high similarity between the corresponding Cu(i) and Cu(ii) complexes. The introduction of substituents leads to a further enhancement.
Line optical tweezers as controllable micromachines: techniques and emerging trends
Authors: Shen Yinan , Weitz David A. , Forde Nancy R. , Shayegan Marjan
Published: July 2022

Line optical tweezers can be used in various applications including probing colloidal interactions, transporting and sorting colloidal microspheres, self-propelled motions, and many more.
Polymer multilayer films regulate macroscopic fluid flow and power microfluidic devicesviasupramolecular interactions
Authors: Alam Mujeeb , Gill Arshdeep Kaur , Varshney Rohit , Miglani Chirag , Tiwari Naveen , Patra Debabrata
Published: July 2022

Self-powered supramolecular micropumps could potentially provide a solution for powerless microfluidic devices where the fluid flow can be manipulatedviamodulating non-covalent interactions.
Polymorphism, ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of lithium closo-deca- and dodeca-borates and their composites, Li2B10H10–Li2B12H12
Authors: Zhou Chongyang , Grinderslev Jakob B. , Skov Lasse N. , Jørgensen Mathias , Li Yuanzhi , Skibsted Jørgen , Yan Yigang , Jensen Torben R.
Published: July 2022

Here we report the discovery of both a new high-temperature and an H-deficient polymorph of Li2B10H10. The H-deficient γ-Li2B10H10−y exhibits fast Li-ion conductivity under ambient conditions, and may be relevant for all-solid-state Li-batteries.
The proton uptake process in double perovskite triple ionic-electronic conducting oxides for protonic ceramic cells
Authors: Im Seunghyeok , Berk Muhammet Ali , Yang Sungeun , Kim Byung-Kook , Yoon Kyung Joong , Son Ji-Won , Lee Jong-Ho , Ji Ho-Il
Published: July 2022

The proton uptake mechanism in a triple conducting oxide, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ, is comprehensively investigated based on defect chemistry and experimental analyses of mass and conductivity changes under dry and humidified atmospheres.
Light-driven efficient dry reforming of methane over Pt/La2O3 with long-term durability
Authors: Gao Yanxia , Li Qiang , Wang Chunqi , Yan Dongxu , Chen Jing , Jia Hongpeng
Published: July 2022

Pt/La2O3 exhibits highly-efficient photothermocatalytic activity and good durability during 200 h reaction for the dry reforming of methane under focused light irradiation without external heating.
Lattice-strain and Lewis acid sites synergistically promoted nitrate electroreduction to ammonia over PdBP nanothorn arrays
Authors: Xu You , Sheng Youwei , Wang Mingzhen , Liu Tiantian , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: July 2022

The co-doping of B and P into Pd nanothorn arrays not only creates Lewis acid sites, but also induces a lattice strain effect, which synergistically boosts the nitrate-to-ammonia capability.
Liquid-like nanofluid mediated modification of solar-assisted sponges for highly efficient cleanup and recycling of viscous crude oil spills
Authors: Li Yushan , Yan Song , Li Ziwei , Xiong Siwei , Yang Shiwen , Wang Luoxin , Wang Hua , Wen Xianjie , Song Pingan , Yin Xianze
Published: July 2022

This work proposed a strategy to directly modify commercial sponges by synergistically reducing the viscosity of crude oil using solar-assisted chemical emulsifiers to achieve rapid adsorption and efficient recovery of crude oil.
An adaptive cubature Kalman filtering algorithm based on variational mode decomposition for pulsar navigation
Authors: Yang Jiahui , Gao Shesheng , Li Guo , Gao Zhaohui
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problem of X‐ray pulsar navigation system with uncertain measurement noise, an adaptive cubature Kalman filter (CKF) algorithm is proposed based on variational mode decomposition (VMD). Firstly, the multi‐step measurements are predicted by CKF to extend the measurement sequence. Then, the high‐frequency noise, which is separated from the extended measurement sequence by VMD, is used to reconstruct the measurement noise. Finally, the measurement noise covariance is estimated based on the reconstructed measurement noise to update the CKF parameters. The simulation results show that the proposed method can adaptively track the change of measurement noise and improve the positioning accuracy of X‐ray pulsars navigation system (XPNAV).
A regularized method of fundamental solution for solving the 2D PEC cylinder electromagnetic scattering problem
Authors: Yan Tingting , Hu ShengBo , Ye Lv , Zhao WenHao , Meng Xin
Published: July 2022

In this letter, using subtraction and adding‐back (SAB), the authors propose a regularized method of fundamental solution (RMPS) for solving the electromagnetic (EM) scattering problem of 2D perfect electric conductor (PEC) cylinder. The proposed RMPS avoids the problem of choosing the auxiliary boundary in the method of fundamental solution. Two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method after comparing with the result of method of fundamental solution. In addition, the results show that the proposed method has a better stability performance than the method of fundamental solution.
ECCNet: Efficient chained centre network for real‐time multi‐category vehicle tracking and vehicle speed estimation
Authors: Yu Chaoshun , Yang Jianxi , Jiang Shixin , Zhang Yufan , Li Hao , Du Lifang
Published: July 2022

To achieve the intelligent perception of traffic video and overcome the dispersion of computing modules and the separation processing of multiple tasks, efficient chained centre network (ECCNet) is proposed as a unified framework, accomplishing detection, vehicle classification, tracking, and vehicle speed estimation simultaneously. First, for the speed‐accuracy trade‐off, CA‐CenterNet is presented, which can detect vehicles and classify vehicle types to serve cross‐frame tasks more accurately by embedding coordinate attention. Second, 3D convolution is employed to construct a self‐adaptive branch for data association and speed estimation, respectively. This self‐adaptive approach leverages the power of deep learning to enhance tracking performance and avoid camera calibration via capturing motion information across frames. Moreover, a chained structure is adopted to reuse the backbone feature map. The spatio‐temporal information of adjacent frames can be extracted at almost no additional cost. Finally, the above single‐frame and cross‐frame tasks are integrated into a unified multi‐task collaborative optimization model. The effectiveness of ECCNet is verified with experiments on the UA‐DETRAC dataset. ECCNet achieves 55.5% MOTA, 0.76 F1 value, and 3.10 MAE with an inference speed of 32.5 Hz in the tracking, classification, and speed estimation tasks, respectively.
Warm molecular and ionized gas kinematics in the type-2 quasar J0945+1737
Authors: Speranza G. , Ramos Almeida C. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Riffel R. A. , Tadhunter C. , Pierce J. C. S. , Rodríguez-Ardila A. , Coloma Puga M. , Brusa M. , Musiimenta B. , Alexander D. M. , Lapi A. , Shankar F. , Villforth C.
Published: July 2022

We analyse Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations of the type-2 quasar (QSO2) SDSS J094521.33+173753.2 to investigate its warm molecular and ionized gas kinematics. This QSO2 has a bolometric luminosity of 1045.7erg s−1and a redshift ofz = 0.128. TheK-band spectra provided by NIFS cover a range of 1.99–2.40 μm where low ionization (Paαand Brδ), high ionization ([S XI]λ1.920 μm and [Si VI]λ1.963 μm), and warm molecular lines (from H21-0S(5) to 1-0S(1)) are detected, allowing us to study the multi-phase gas kinematics. Our analysis reveals gas in ordinary rotation in all the emission lines detected and also outflowing gas in the case of the low and high ionization emission lines. In the case of the nuclear spectrum, which corresponds to a circular aperture of 0.3″ (686 pc) in diameter, the warm molecular lines can be characterized using a single Gaussian component of full width at half maximum (FWHM) = 350 − 400 km s−1, while Paα, Brδ, and [Si VI] are best fitted with two blue-shifted Gaussian components ofFWHM ∼ 800 and 1700 km s−1, in addition to a narrow component of ∼300 km s−1. We interpret the blue-shifted broad components as outflowing gas, which reaches the highest velocities, of up to −840 km s−1, in the south-east direction (PA ∼ 125°), extending up to a distance of ∼3.4 kpc from the nucleus. The ionized outflow has a maximum mass outflow rate ofṀout,max= 42–51M⊙yr−1, and its kinetic power represents 0.1% of the quasar bolometric luminosity. Very Large Array (VLA) data of J0945 show extended radio emission (PA ∼ 100°) that is aligned with the clumpy emission traced by the narrow component of the ionized lines up to scales of several kiloparsecs, and with the innermost part of the outflow (central ∼0.4″ = 915 pc). Beyond that radius, at the edge of the radio jet, the high velocity gas shows a different PA of ∼125°. This might be an indication that the line-emitting gas is being compressed and accelerated by the shocks generated by the radio jet.
Fingergrundgelenk und mittleres Fingergelenk
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: July 2022

Das Fingergrundgelenk und das mittlere Fingergelenk liegen in direkter Nachbarschaft eines jeden Fingers. Zusammen mit dem Fingerendgelenk (distales Interphalangealgelenk) bilden sie ein Team, um die Fingerbewegung möglich zu machen. Insbesondere die kraftvolle Flexionsbewegung der Finger erfordert ihr Zusammenspiel.
Prüfungsthema: Nährstoffe
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: July 2022

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit Nährstoffen.
Vorbeugen ist besser als behandeln
Authors: Wagener Michael
Published: July 2022

Im Fokus der orthomolekularen Medizin steht die individuelle bedarfsgerechte Versorgung mit lebensnotwendigen Mikronährstoffen. Messungen im Serum erlauben bei einigen Nährstoffen nicht notwendigerweise exakte Rückschlüsse auf die tatsächlich vorliegende Versorgungssituation im Körper. Häufig müssen mehrere Mikronährstoffe gleichzeitig verordnet werden. Sinnvolle Kombinationen von Mikronährstoffen fördern die Compliance.
Mit Nährstoffen Stimmung machen
Authors: Binder Sybille
Published: July 2022

Mikronährstoff- und Ernährungsdefizite können wesentlich an psychischen Beeinträchtigungen beteiligt sein, da sich viele Mikronährstoffe auf die zentralen Nervenfunktionen auswirken oder direkt an der Synthese von Neurotransmittern beteiligt sind; auch allergene Nahrung wirkt nach den Modellen der Gut-Brain-Achse, des 3-Stadien-Anpassungssyndroms und der zerebralen Allergie auf die Psyche. Zu den wichtigsten psychotropen Nährstoffen zählen B-Vitamine, Vitamin D, Magnesium, Zink und Aminosäuren wie 5 HTP, Tryptophan, Methionin, Phenylalanin, Tyrosin oder Glutamin. Im vorgestellten Fall gingen Schlafstörungen, Unruhe und Darmbeschwerden nach Ernährungsumstellung und Supplementierung von B-Vitaminen, Magnesium, Kalzium, Antioxidanzien und Aminosäuren innerhalb
Gemeinsamer Nenner, individueller Ansatz
Authors: Kupferschmid Jürgen
Published: July 2022

Mehrere Hundert Erkrankungen zählen zum rheumatischen Formenkreis. Einen gemeinsamen Nenner zu finden, fällt schwer. Während die Ursachen nur individuell herausgefunden werden können, gibt es bei der Behandlung außerhalb eines akuten Rheumaschubs einen verbindenden methodischen Ansatz – die orthomolekulare Medizin. Erfahrene Praktiker berichten von Erfolgen, die sich bei einer langfristigen bedarfsgerechten Versorgung mit Mikronährstoffen einstellen.
Effects of Gancao Nourish-Yin Decoction on Liver Metabolic Profiles in hTNF-α Transgenic Arthritic Model Mice
Authors: Pan Rongbin , Cheng Kok Suen , Chen Yanjuan , Zhu Xingwang , Zhao Wenting , Xiao Changhong , Chen Yong
Published: July 2022

Objective Gancao Nourish-Yin Decoction (GNYD) has been applied to clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and it had shown effectiveness not only in disease activity controlling but also in improving patients' physical status. However, its mechanism of function has not been investigated. Metabolic perturbations have been associated with RA, and targeting the metabolic profile is one of the ways to manage the disease. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of GNYD on metabolic changes of human tumor necrosis factor α (hTNF-α) transgenic arthritic model mice.

Methods hTNF-α transgenic arthritic model mice were divided into the control group and the GNYD group with six mice in each group. After 8 weeks of treatment, liver tissues of mice in both groups were obtained for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Significantly regulated metabolites by GNYD treatment were first identified, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and network analysis.

Results A total of 126 metabolites were detected in the liver. Compared with the control group, 17 metabolites in the GNYD group were significantly altered. Specifically, thiamine, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-valine, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal (vitamin B6), succinic acid, uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronic acid, uridine, allantoic acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, nicotinamide ribotide, and N2, N2-dimethylguanosine were down-regulated by GNYD treatment, whereas isobutyrylglycine, N-acetylcadaverine, N-carbamoyl-L-aspartic acid, L-anserine, creatinine, and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline were up-regulated. Six metabolic pathways were significantly altered including the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; pyrimidine metabolism; thiamine metabolism; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; and citrate cycle. Integrative metabolic network analysis suggested the possibility of GNYD having both positive and negative effects on RA through the suppression of angiogenesis and the promotion of leukocyte extravasation into the synovium, respectively.

Conclusions GNYD can modulate the hepatic metabolism of hTNF-α transgenic arthritic model mice. Further optimization of this decoction may lead to better therapeutic effects on RA patients.
Comparison of Arthroscopic versus Open Placement of the Fibular Tunnel in Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction
Authors: Krause Matthias , Weiss Sebastian , Kolb Jan Philipp , Schwartzkopf Ben , Frings Jannik , Püschel Klaus , Cavaignac Etienne , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: July 2022

Introduction Precise fibular tunnel placement in posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction is crucial in restoring rotational and lateral stability. Despite the recent progress of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction techniques, landmarks for arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement and a comparison to open tunnel placement have not yet been described. This study aimed to (1) identify reasonable soft-tissue and bony landmarks, which can be identified by either arthroscopy, fluoroscopy, or open surgery in anatomic fibular tunnel placement and (2) to compare accuracy and reliability of arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement with open surgery.

Materials and Methods In a retrospective study, 41 magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the knee were analyzed with emphasis on distances of an ideal anatomic fibular tunnel to 11 soft-tissue and bony landmarks. Subsequently, in eight cadaver knees, the ideal fibular tunnel was created arthroscopically and with a standard open technique from antero-latero-inferior to postero-medio-superior with a 2-mm K-wire. Positions of both tunnels were compared on postinterventional computed tomography scans.

Results Based on MRI measurements, the anatomic tunnel entry should be 14.50 (±2.18) mm distal to the tip of the fibular styloid and 10.76 (±1.37) mm posterior to the anterior edge of the fibula. The anatomic fibular tunnel exit was located 12.89 (±2.35) mm below the tip of the fibular head. Arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement was reliable in all cases. Instead, in five out of the eight cases with open surgery, the fibular tunnel crossed the defined safety distance to the closest cortical edge/tibiofibular joint (distance < 8 mm).

Conclusions Reliable soft-tissue and bony landmarks of the fibular head allow arthroscopic anatomic fibular tunnel placement in PLC surgery, which shows a lower risk of tunnel malposition compared with open surgical techniques. Future studies will have to show whether clinical results of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction are in line with this study's technical results.

Level of Evidence Level III.
Rates of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rerupture in Adolescent Patients with and without Patella Alta
Authors: Rider Danielle , Gowd Anirudh K. , Torres LeeAnne F. , Kaplin Lisa W. , Waterman Brian R.
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to compare rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) failure among adolescent patients to evaluate patella alta as a high-risk variable. Demographic and surgical data were retrospectively queried for patients ≤18 years of age with primary ACL reconstruction performed at a single academic center between 2011 and 2016 and minimum of 2-year clinical surveillance. Patellar height indices, including Caton–Deschamps index (CDI) and Insall–Salvati index (ISI), were retrospectively calculated from preoperative imaging to assess the presence of patella alta. Failure was defined as (1) ACL graft rerupture, (2) Lachman's grade 2 + , (3) presence of pivot shift, and (4) side-to-side difference of 3 mm on KT-1000 arthrometer. A total of 184 patients (84 females and 100 males) and 192 knees were identified, with an average age of 16.2 ± 1.8 years. Of these, 30 (15.63%) experienced ACL failure. Male sex was the only significant risk factor for rerupture (p = 0.026). The mean CDI was 1.06 ± 0.17 and mean ISI was 1.04 ± 0.15. Of the 49 knees that met criteria for patella alta on radiographic evaluation, rerupture occurred in seven (14.29%). Patella alta was not a significant risk factor for ACL failure among adolescent patients (p = 0.359 and 0.277). Only male sex was associated with increased rates of ACL failure. Age, graft selection technique, fixation construct, and presence of patella alta were not risk factors for reinjury. This study is a therapeutic case series and reflects level of evidence IV.
Reintroducing Flap Reconstruction: One Institution's Safe Return to Flap Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cooney Carisa M. , Broderick Kristen P. , Chen Jonlin , Chow Amanda , Lee Erica , Wesson Tristan , Karius Alexander , Wallam Sara , Generoso Matthew , Fadavi Darya , He Waverley , Yesantharao Pooja , Long Chao
Published: July 2022

Background Prevention of nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection for patients undergoing flap-based reconstructive surgery is crucial to providing care and maintaining operative volume and income to support plastic surgery programs. We conducted this study to (1) determine the postoperative incidence of COVID-19 among patients undergoing flap reconstruction from December 1, 2019 to November 1, 2020 and (2) compare 30-day outcomes between patients who underwent surgery before and during the early pandemic.

Methods We conducted an 11-month retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent flap reconstruction across our institution. We abstracted patient demographics, intraoperative management, COVID-19 testing history, and 30-day postoperative complications from electronic health records. Nosocomial COVID-19 infection was defined as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) viral ribonucleic acid detection within 30 days of patients' postoperative course or during initial surgical admission. We used chi-squared tests to compare postoperative outcomes between patients who underwent surgery before (prior to March 12, 2021, when our institution admitted its first COVID-19 patient) versus during (on/after March 12, 2021) the pandemic.

Results Among the 220 patients (mean [standard deviation] age = 53.8 [18.1] years; female = 54.8%) who underwent flap reconstruction, none had nosocomial COVID-19 infection. Five (2%) patients eventually tested COVID-19 positive (median time from surgery to diagnosis: 9 months, range: 1.5–11 months) with one developing partial flap loss while infected. Between patients who underwent free flap surgery before and during the pandemic, there were no significant differences in 30-day takebacks (15.6% vs. 16.6%, respectively; p > 0.999), readmissions (9.4% vs. 12.6%, respectively; p = 0.53), and surgical complications (e.g., total flap loss 1.6% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.81).

Conclusion Robust precautions can ensure the safety of patients undergoing flap surgeries across an academic medical institution, even during periods of high COVID-19 admission rates. Further studies are needed to generate evidence-based guidelines that optimize infection control and flap survival for patients undergoing reconstruction.
Outcomes of Displaced Tibial Tubercle Fractures in Adolescents
Authors: Yang Ally A. , Erdman Marcus , Kwok Ellius , Updegrove Gary , Hennrikus William L.
Published: July 2022

Tibial tubercle fractures are uncommon injuries. The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of surgical treatment of displaced tibial tubercle fractures in adolescents. This study was approved by the College of Medicine Institutional Review Board. A retrospective review was performed at our institution for patients who underwent surgical treatment of tibial tubercle fractures. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes were recorded. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nineteen male patients were identified. The average age was 14.6 years, and the average body mass index was 25.8. Basketball (63%) was the most common mechanism of injury. No patient was treated with bicortical screws. Two patients had preoperative computed tomography. One patient presented with acute compartment syndrome (ACS), and fasciotomy was performed. Twelve patients (63%) without clinical signs of ACS received anterior compartment fasciotomy on a case-by-case basis according to surgeon's preference. No growth injury, including growth arrest, angulation, or shortening occurred. All patients returned to preinjury activities at an average of 18.5 weeks. Displaced tibial tubercle fractures in this series occurred in male adolescents during athletic activity. Unicortical screws/pins were used with no loss of fixation. Routine use of advanced imaging was unnecessary. One patient (5%) underwent fasciotomy. No growth arrest occurred. All patients returned to preinjury athletic activities.
Therapy of Suppressing Yang and Astringing Yin for the Treatment of Cancer-Related Insomnia
Authors: Zhu Ranpei , Sun Xu , Zheng Yuling
Published: July 2022

The pathogenesis of cancer-related insomnia (CRI) mainly includes, first, the flow of cancerous toxin leading to the disorder of visceral qi; second, cancer-related radiotherapy and chemotherapy belonging to “exogenous pathogenic factors” to a certain extent, which can further aggravate visceral disorders. The therapeutic principle of Chinese medicine is to tranquilize the mind on the basis of regulating viscera, suppressing yang, and astringing yin. On this theoretical basis, Professor Zheng Yuling created a representative prescription of Zhenjing Anshen Granules which can achieve the co-regulation of the heart, liver, and kidney, tranquilizing the mind and nourishing the blood. Clinically, the selection of prescriptions and medicines needs to be considered due to factors such as different treatment stages and differences in patients' constitutions.
Humidity could hinder spread of COVID from sneezes
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2022

Experiments and computational models of sneezes show low humidity can increase the risk of virus transmission.
Achieving quantum control through messenger flying excitons
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: July 2022

High energy acoustic waves may hold the key to long-range transfer of quantum information on a photonic chip.
Coupling ultrasound with fine needles for better biopsies
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: July 2022

Pressure oscillations create microbubbles and cavitation in bovine liver samples.
Multi-objective optimization of pyroelectric thermal–electrical cycles
Authors: Dutta Dip , Zhang Haopeng , Bhatia Bikram
Published: July 2022

Pyroelectric thermal–electrical cycles enable a class of solid-state heat engines that convert waste heat to electrical energy. This article numerically investigates thermal-to-electrical energy conversion in a PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) pyroelectric layer near room temperature and optimizes operating parameters to maximize the electrical energy output. A general thermodynamic cycle is modeled after the prototypical pyroelectric Ericsson cycle—implemented based on the Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire theory—with variable operating temperature range, and heating/cooling and charging/discharging time intervals. We used a Pareto optimization approach to simultaneously maximize electrical energy density and power density for different PZT sample and cycle parameters. The evaluated Pareto optimal fronts showcase the possibility of achieving multiple optimal solutions and highlight the trade-off between output energy density and power density in pyroelectric energy conversion. Specifically, we demonstrate that a 4× enhancement in power density is achievable with a less than 10% reduction in energy density for the same sample and operating conditions primarily by optimizing heat transfer. The multi-objective optimization approach and results presented in this study could provide a framework to facilitate the design and operation of pyroelectric cycles for waste heat energy harvesting systems.
Design, construction, and operation of a 2 T 240 mm conduction-cooled defect-irrelevant winding (RE) Ba2Cu3O7−x magnet
Authors: Bong Uijong , Choi Kibum , Kim Jaemin , Bang Jeseok , Lee Jung Tae , Im Chaemin , Park Jeonghwan , Yoon Jonghoon , Kim Geonyoung , Ku Hwanmo , Kang Wonkook , Hahn Seungyong
Published: July 2022

In order to explore the applicability of superconducting magnets in a magnetic field range of 3 T or less, where superconducting magnets have not been much used so far, a prototype magnet development project has been launched in collaboration with Hanmi Techwin Corporation and Seoul National University. As a result of the project, here we report the design, construction, and operation results of a 2 T 240 mm defect-irrelevant winding (DIW) (RE) Ba2Cu3O7−x (REBCO) magnet. First, design goals were set considering its potential usage in industrial fields, and a 2 T 240 mm-bore multi-width no-insulation high-temperature superconductor magnet was designed accordingly. Based on the design, a total of 15 double pancake (DP) coils were wound, regardless of defects in REBCO tapes, and assembled together. After being installed in a conduction cooling system, the magnet was tested at a temperature of <20 K, and a magnetic field of 2 T at the magnet center was successfully generated with a total of four DP coils containing multiple defects. Based on the experimental results, the additional considerations required for the DIW approach at the magnet level are discussed.
Current-induced magnetization switching in epitaxial L1-FePt/Cr heterostructures through orbital Hall effect
Authors: Lyu H. C. , Zhao Y. C. , Qi J. , Yang G. , Qin W. D. , Shao B. K. , Zhang Y. , Hu C. Q. , Wang K. , Zhang Q. Q. , Zhang J. Y. , Zhu T. , Long Y. W. , Wei H. X. , Shen B. G. , Wang S. G.
Published: July 2022

The current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) was successfully observed in epitaxial L10-FePt/CrxPt1−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. With increasing Cr content, the critical switching current density (Jc) in FePt/CrxPt1−x heterostructures exhibited a decreasing trend, where it was greatly reduced by 69% in FePt/Cr (3d) films compared to FePt/Pt (5d) films with strong spin–orbit coupling. Furthermore, the same switching polarities were observed for all FePt/CrxPt1−x samples, indicating that the orbital Hall effect played a dominant role in CIMS for FePt/Cr films because of opposite spin Hall angles for Cr and Pt. Our results will put forward the applications of L10-FePt in collaboration with the orbital Hall effect from 3d metals in current-controlled magnetic random access memory and neuromorphic computing.
Geometrical magnetoresistance effect and mobility in graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Harrysson Rodrigues Isabel , Generalov Andrey , Md Hoque Anamul , Soikkeli Miika , Murros Anton , Arpiainen Sanna , Vorobiev Andrei
Published: July 2022

Further development of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) for high-frequency electronics requires accurate evaluation and study of the mobility of charge carriers in a specific device. Here, we demonstrate that the mobility in the GFETs can be directly characterized and studied using the geometrical magnetoresistance (gMR) effect. The method is free from limitations of other approaches since it does not require an assumption of the constant mobility and the knowledge of the gate capacitance. Studies of a few sets of GFETs in the wide range of transverse magnetic fields indicate that the gMR effect dominates up to approximately 0.55 T. In higher fields, the physical magnetoresistance effect starts to contribute. The advantages of the gMR approach allowed us to interpret the measured dependencies of mobility on the gate voltage, i.e., carrier concentration, and identify the corresponding scattering mechanisms. In particular, the range of the fairly constant mobility is associated with the dominating Coulomb scattering. The decrease in mobility at higher carrier concentrations is associated with the contribution of the phonon scattering. Analysis shows that the gMR mobility is typically 2–3 times higher than that found via the commonly used drain resistance model. The latter underestimates the mobility since it does not take the interfacial capacitance into account.
An ultrasensitive bacteria biosensor using “multilayer cake” silver microelectrode based on local high electric field effect
Authors: Lai Qingteng , Niu Qibin , Chen Wei , Zhang Yanke , Long Mengqiu , Liang Bo , Wang Fuliang , Liu Zhengchun
Published: July 2022

A signal response mechanism of local high electric field effects was designed to detect bacteria using a chemically modified “multilayer cake” micro-nanostructured pillar electrode. Since the silver electrode has a strong specific electrochemical signal response to chloride ions, we choose silver as the electrode material. The microelectrode was prepared by a one-step localized electrochemical deposition method without the use of mold. Then the electrode was successively functionalized with chitosan, catechol, and aptamer. Many nano- and micro-scale protrusion tips on the electrode surface generated a local high electric field and drove the leakage of intracellular chloride ions when bacteria were captured by APT; thus, a reduced signal of the silver electrode related to chloride ions was recorded. A pseudocapacitor structure composed of chitosan, catechol, Ru3+, and Fc was constructed on an electrode surface to further amplify the signal. The electrochemical sensor based on this electrode showed excellent performance for template bacteria Staphylococcus aureus detection in terms of the detection limit (1 CFU mL−1), linear response range (1–105 CFU mL−1), and specificity. This work provides another way to design an electrochemical biosensor using the nanoeffect of the electrode rather than the conventional current response based on the electrical properties of the bacterial surface.
A bearingless flux-switching permanent magnet memory machine
Authors: Yang YiFei , Zhang GuoXin , Wang Fang
Published: July 2022

A bearingless flux-switching permanent magnet memory machine (BFSPMMM) is proposed, which demonstrates the advantages of good suspension performance and wide-ranging speed regulation. The bias magnetic field of the radial force generated by the motor is provided by the permanent magnet, which can flexibly decide whether to adopt a single-phase or two-phase mode of conduction according to the needs of radial levitation force in the X- and Y-directions, so as to ensure the tracking of radial levitation forces therein. This paper introduces its structure, which lays a foundation for the subsequent establishment of an accurate mathematical model of a BFSPMMM.
Similarity in the critical thicknesses for superconductivity and ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3 films
Authors: Jeong Hanbyeol , Russell Ryan , Combs Nicholas G. , Pardue Tyler N. , Harter John W. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: July 2022

The possible connection between superconductivity and polar order in SrTiO3 has been discussed extensively in the recent literature. Here, the thickness dependence of the superconducting and ferroelectric transitions in strained, epitaxial films of SrTiO3 films is studied. Both superconductivity and ferroelectricity are absent in thinner films (25 nm and below). We discuss the possible origins of the thickness dependence of both phenomena.
Tailoring the electronic properties of nickel silicide by interfacial modification
Authors: Xu Xiulan , Huang Yiya , Guo Risi , Yu Guanghua
Published: July 2022

Tailoring the microstructures to obtain metal silicide with low resistance and silicide monophase structure is a critical issue in integrated circuits manufacturing. In this work, the effect of introducing Pt insertion on the electronic properties and microstructure of the 9 nm NiPt thin film deposited by magnetron sputtering was studied. By introducing a thin Pt interlayer between the NiPt film and the substrate Si, the sheet resistance of the film can be effectively tuned. The results show that the sheet resistance of the film decreased from 27.6 to 14 Ω/sq, indicating that electrical performance has been enhanced about 1 times with Pt insertion introduced. The results show that the sheet resistance of the NiPt film with Pt insertion was lower and the phase composition of NiPt and Si presents a lower resistance NiSi phase than that of the NiPt without Pt insertion, and the sheet resistance of the film can be further reduced and the NiSi phase structure can be optimized. X-ray diffraction result shows that the phase composition of the NiPt film with Pt insertion presents a lower resistance NiSi phase than that of the NiPt without Pt insertion. Moreover, x-ray electron spectroscopy reveals that Pt insertion can reduce the diffusion of Ni into silicon effectively, which is beneficial to the formation of the monophase structure. In addition, x-ray reflectivity analysis showed that the Pt insertion further improved and modified the interface structure of nickel silicide, resulting in a smoother interface and improved electrical properties. These findings provide useful guidance for tuning the properties of the nickel silicide and also clarify the interface effect in the metal silicide materials.
Structural properties of grain boundary in graphene grown on germanium substrates with different orientations
Authors: Wang Yalan , Zhang Miao , Li Panlin , Chen Xinqian , Xue Zhongying , Wu Xing , Di Zengfeng
Published: July 2022

The direct synthesis of graphene with high-quality on semiconducting germanium (Ge) substrates has been developed recently, which has provided a promising way to integrate graphene with semiconductors for the application of electronic devices. However, the defects such as grain boundaries (GBs) introduced during the growth process have a significant influence on the crystalline quality of graphene and the performance of related electronic devices. Therefore, the investigation of the formation of GBs in graphene grown on a Ge substrate is essential for optimizing the crystalline quality of graphene. Herein, the formation mechanism and microstructure of GBs in graphene grown on Ge (110), Ge (001), and Ge (111) substrates via a chemical vapor deposition method are revealed. Ex situ atomic force microscopy is utilized to monitor the evolution of graphene domains. It is found that a single crystalline graphene film without GBs is formed on Ge (110), while polycrystalline graphene films with GBs are grown on Ge (001) and Ge (111) substrates, as suggested by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Our work may motivate the future exploration in improving the crystalline quality of graphene grown on a semiconducting substrate and the performance of associated electronic devices.
Interaction of vortex stretching with wind power fluctuations
Authors: Alam Jahrul
Published: July 2022

The transfer of turbulence kinetic energy from large to small scales occurs through vortex stretching. Also, statistical properties of the subgrid-scale energy fluxes depend on the alignment of the vorticity vector with the principal strain axis. A heuristic analysis of the present study indicates that vortex-stretching and the second invariant of the velocity gradient tensor provide a scale-adaptive parameterization of the subgrid-scale stresses and the local energy fluxes in the wakes of wind turbines. The scale-adaptivity underlies the restricted Euler dynamics of the filtered motion where vortex-stretching plays in the growth of the second invariant of filtered velocity gradient and the local energy transfer. We have analyzed wind power fluctuations in a utility-scale wind farm with 41 actuator disks. The numerical results show that the spectrum of the wind power fluctuations follows a power law with a logarithmic slope of −5/3. Furthermore, a brief analysis with the proper orthogonal decomposition method indicates that the maximum variability of wind power fluctuations depends on the incoming turbulence and its modulation by the wake interactions in wind farms.
Sound and soliton wave propagation in homogeneous and heterogeneous mediums with the new two-derivative implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta–Nyström method
Authors: Rajpoot Manoj K. , Yadav Vivek S. , Jaglan Jyoti , Singh Ankit
Published: July 2022

This paper derives a new family of implicit–explicit time-marching methods for PDEs with the second-order derivative in time. The present implicit method is based on the two-derivative Runge–Kutta–Nyström methods, which use a third-order time derivative of the solution. Although the current approach is implicit, it does not need to invert the coefficient matrix of the discretized system of equations. The stability properties are assessed using Fourier analysis for the model test problems by considering space–time discretizations together. The present methods are validated by comparing to some of the most widely used time-marching methods available in the literature. In addition, to assess the robustness and efficiency of the present methods, we have also performed numerical simulations of acoustic wave propagation in two- and three-layered heterogeneous media and sine-Gordon solitons for damped and undamped cases. Computed results match very well with the exact and numerical solutions noted in the literature.
Characterizing purely elastic turbulent flow of a semi-dilute entangled polymer solution in a serpentine channel
Authors: Shakeri Pegah , Jung Michael , Seemann Ralf
Published: July 2022

Polymer solutions in the semi-dilute regime are of considerable industrial importance. The complex rheological properties of such highly viscoelastic fluids and the complexity of their flow characteristics, especially in curved geometries, necessitate a thorough experimental characterization of the dynamics of such fluid flows. We apply statistical, spectral, and structural analyses to the experimentally obtained velocity fields of a semi-dilute entangled polymer solution in a serpentine channel to fully characterize the corresponding flow. Our results show that at high Weissenberg numbers, yet vanishing Reynolds numbers, the flow resistance is significantly increased, which indicates the emergence of a purely elastic turbulent flow. Spatial flow observations and statistical analysis of temporal flow features show that this purely elastic turbulent flow is non-homogeneous, non-Gaussian, and anisotropic at all scales. Moreover, spectral analysis indicates that compared to elastic turbulence in the dilute regime, the range of present scales of the excited fluctuations is narrower. This is partly due to the entanglement of the polymers in this concentration regime, which restricts their movement, and partly due to the mixed flow type inherent in the serpentine geometry, which can reduce the extent of polymer stretching and, thus, reduce the intensity of the fluctuations in the flow. Furthermore, proper orthogonal decomposition analysis is applied to directly extract the turbulent flow structure and reveals the activity of the counter-rotating vortices associated with secondary flow, which significantly contribute to the total kinetic energy of the flow.
The effect of relative air humidity on the evaporation timescales of a human sneeze
Authors: Stiehl Bernhard , Shrestha Rajendra , Schroeder Steven , Delgado Juanpablo , Bazzi Alexander , Reyes Jonathan , Kinzel Michael , Ahmed Kareem
Published: July 2022

The present paper investigates droplet and aerosol emission from the human respiratory function by numerical and experimental methods, which is analyzed at the worst-case scenario, a violent sneeze without a face covering. The research findings develop the understanding of airborne disease transmission relevant to COVID-19, its recent variants, and other airborne pathogens. A human sneeze is studied using a multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model using detached eddy simulation coupled to the emission of droplets that break up, evaporate, and disperse. The model provides one of the first experimental benchmarks of CFD predictions of a human sneeze event. The experiments optically capture aerosols and droplets and are processed to provide spatiotemporal data to validate the CFD model. Under the context of large random uncertainty, the studies indicate the reasonable correlation of CFD prediction with experimental measurements using velocity profiles and exposure levels, indicating that the model captures the salient details relevant to pathogen dispersion. Second, the CFD model was extended to study the effect of relative humidity with respect to the Wells curve, providing additional insight into the complexities of evaporation and sedimentation characteristics in the context of turbulent and elevated humidity conditions associated with the sneeze. The CFD results indicated correlation with the Wells curve with additional insight into features, leading to non-conservative aspects associated with increased suspension time. These factors are found to be associated with the combination of evaporation and fluid-structure-induced suspension. This effect is studied for various ambient air humidity levels and peaks for lower humidity levels, indicating that the Wells curve may need a buffer in dry climates. Specifically, we find that the increased risk in dry climates may be up to 50% higher than would be predicted using the underlying assumptions in Wells’ model.
Large numbers cause magnitude neglect: The case of government expenditures
Authors: Boyce-Jacino Christina , Peters Ellen , Galvani Alison P. , Chapman Gretchen B.
Published: July 2022

Four studies demonstrate that the public’s understanding of government budgetary expenditures is hampered by difficulty in representing large numerical magnitudes. Despite orders of magnitude difference between millions and billions, study participants struggle with the budgetary magnitudes of government programs. When numerical values are rescaled as smaller magnitudes (in the thousands or lower), lay understanding improves, as indicated by greater sensitivity to numerical ratios and more accurate rank ordering of expenses. A robust benefit of numerical rescaling is demonstrated across a variety of experimental designs, including policy relevant choices and incentive-compatible accuracy measures. This improved sensitivity ultimately impacts funding choices and public perception of respective budgets, indicating the importance of numerical cognition for good citizenship.
Mechanistic basis for Sgo1-mediated centromere localization and function of the CPC
Authors: Abad Maria Alba , Gupta Tanmay , Hadders Michael A. , Meppelink Amanda , Wopken J. Pepijn , Blackburn Elizabeth , Zou Juan , Gireesh Anjitha , Buzuk Lana , Kelly David A. , McHugh Toni , Rappsilber Juri , Lens Susanne M.A. , Jeyaprakash A. Arockia
Published: July 2022

Centromere association of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC; Borealin-Survivin-INCENP-Aurora B) and Sgo1 is crucial for chromosome biorientation, a process essential for error-free chromosome segregation. Phosphorylated histone H3 Thr3 (H3T3ph; directly recognized by Survivin) and histone H2A Thr120 (H2AT120ph; indirectly recognized via Sgo1), together with CPC’s intrinsic nucleosome-binding ability, facilitate CPC centromere recruitment. However, the molecular basis for CPC–Sgo1 binding and how their physical interaction influences CPC centromere localization are lacking. Here, using an integrative structure-function approach, we show that the “histone H3-like” Sgo1 N-terminal tail-Survivin BIR domain interaction acts as a hotspot essential for CPC–Sgo1 assembly, while downstream Sgo1 residues and Borealin contribute for high-affinity binding. Disrupting Sgo1–Survivin interaction abolished CPC–Sgo1 assembly and perturbed CPC centromere localization and function. Our findings reveal that Sgo1 and H3T3ph use the same surface on Survivin to bind CPC. Hence, it is likely that these interactions take place in a spatiotemporally restricted manner, providing a rationale for the Sgo1-mediated “kinetochore-proximal” CPC centromere pool.
Specific ATPases drive compartmentalized glycogen utilization in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Nielsen Joachim , Dubillot Peter , Stausholm Marie-Louise H. , Ørtenblad Niels
Published: July 2022

Glycogen is a key energy substrate in excitable tissue, including in skeletal muscle fibers where it also contributes to local energy production. Transmission electron microscopy imaging has revealed the existence of a heterogenic subcellular distribution of three distinct glycogen pools in skeletal muscle, which are thought to reflect the requirements for local energy stores at the subcellular level. Here, we show that the three main energy-consuming ATPases in skeletal muscles (Ca2+, Na+,K+, and myosin ATPases) utilize different local pools of glycogen. These results clearly demonstrate compartmentalized glycogen metabolism and emphasize that spatially distinct pools of glycogen particles act as energy substrate for separated energy requiring processes, suggesting a new model for understanding glycogen metabolism in working muscles, muscle fatigue, and metabolic disorders. These observations suggest that the distinct glycogen pools can regulate the functional state of mammalian muscle cells and have important implications for the understanding of how the balance between ATP utilization and ATP production is regulated at the cellular level in general and in skeletal muscle fibers in particular.