bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the FTIR, Optical and Nuclear Radiation Shielding Properties of Samarium-Borate Glass: A Characterization through Experimental and Simulation Methods
Authors: Issa Shams A. M. , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Tekin Huseyin O. , Saudi Heba A. , Badawi Ali , Pyshkina Mariia , Susoy Gulfem , Elazaka Ahmed I. , Ene Antoaneta
Published: June 2021

(Tl2O3)30-(Li2O)10-(B2O3)(60−y)-(Sm2O3)y glass system with various Sm2O3 additives (y = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) was studied in detail. The vibrational modes of the (Tl2O3)30-(Li2O)10-(B2O3)(60−y) network were active at three composition-related IR spectral peaks that differed from those mixed with Samarium (III) oxide at high wavenumber ranges. These glass samples show that their permeability increased with the Samarium (III) oxide content increase. Additionally, the electronic transition between localized states was observed in the samples. The MAC, HVL, and Zeff values for radiation shielding parameters were calculated in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV using the FLUKA algorithm. In addition, EBF, EABF, and ΣR values were also determined for the prepared glasses. These values indicated that the parameters for shielding (MAC, HVL, Zeff, EBF, EABF, and ΣR) are dependent upon the Samarium (III) oxide content. Furthermore, the addition of Samarium (III) oxide to the examined glass samples greatly reinforced their shielding capacity against gamma photon. The findings of the current study were compared to analyses of the XCOM software, some concretes, and lead. In the experiment, it was found that the SMG0.6 glass sample was the strongest shield.
Polymer Binders of Ceramic Nanoparticles for Precision Casting of Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Wiśniewski Paweł
Published: June 2021

This study presents the general characteristics of binders used in precision casting of Nickel-based superalloys. Three groups of binders were described: resins, organic compounds, and materials containing nanoparticles in alcohol or aqueous systems. This study also includes literature reports on materials commonly used and those recently replaced by water-soluble binders, i.e., ethyl silicate (ES) and hydrolysed ethyl silicate (HES). The appearance of new and interesting solutions containing nano-alumina is described, as well as other solutions at the initial stage of scientific research, such as those containing biopolymers, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL), or modified starch. Special attention is paid to four binders containing nano-SiO2 intended for the first layers (Ludox AM, Ludox SK) and structural layers (EHT, Remasol) of shell moulds. Their morphology, viscosity, density, reactions, and electrokinetic potential were investigated. The binders were characterized by a high solid-phase content (>28%), viscosity, and density close to that of water (1–2 mPa·s) and good electrokinetic stability. The nanoparticles contained in the binders were approximately spherically shaped with an average particle size of 16–25 nm.
Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Porous TiO2 for Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Remazol Dye
Authors: Poolwong Jitpisut , Kiatboonyarit Tanya , Achiwawanich Supakit , Butburee Teera , Khemthong Pongtanawat , Kityakarn Sutasinee
Published: June 2021

Three-dimensional hierarchical mesoporous structures of titanium dioxide (3D-HPT) were synthesized by self-assembly emulsion polymerization. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and pluronic 123 (P123) were used as the soft templates and co-templates for assisting the formation of hierarchical 3D porous structures. The TiO2 crystal structure, morphology, and Remazol red dye degradation were investigated. The 3D-HPT and normal three-dimensional titanium dioxide (3D-T) presented the good connection of the nanoparticle-linked honeycomb within the form of anatase. The 3D-HPT structure showed greatly enhanced adsorption of Remazol dye, and facilitated the efficient photocatalytic breakdown of the dye. Surprisingly, 3D-HPT can adsorb approximately 40% of 24 ppm Remazol dye in the dark, which is superior to 3D-T and the commercial anatase at the same condition (approx. 5%). Moreover, 3D-HPT can completely decolorize Remazol dye within just 20 min, which is more than three folds faster than the commercial anatase, making it one of the most active photocatalysts that have been reported for degradation of Remazol dye. The superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to the higher specific surface area, amplified light-harvesting efficiency, and enhanced adsorption capacity into the hierarchical 3D inverse opal structure compared to the commercial anatase TiO2.
Feasibility Study of Using Absolute SPAD Values for Standardized Evaluation of Corn Nitrogen Status
Authors: Rhezali Abdelaziz , Aissaoui Abdellah El
Published: June 2021

Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) should ensure high yields using adequate N doses. Soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) meter technology using absolute SPAD values, might be more reliable than relative SPAD values in helping corn producers making timely decisions about N applications. This study aimed to develop a relationship between absolute SPAD values and leaf N concentration, and to determine optimal leaf N concentrations at early corn growth stages (V6, V8, V10, and V12). Three experiments were conducted during two summer seasons (2014 and 2015) using six N treatments applied at early corn growth stages. In parallel, two experiments were carried out in a high residual N environment to establish the optimum corn leaf N concentration. Results showed a significant linear relationship between corn leaf N concentrations and absolute SPAD values (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.05). The mean optimum corn leaf N concentration decreased over corn growth stages. It is of great importance to make the absolute SPAD method accessible for farmers, but more research is required to perform standardized reading of absolute SPAD values data.
The Effect of A Whey-Protein and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Based Product on Parameters of Sleep Quality, Stress, and Gut Microbiota in Apparently Healthy Adults with Moderate Sleep Disturbances: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study
Authors: Schaafsma Anne , Mallee Leonard , van den Belt Maartje , Floris Esther , Kortman Guus , Veldman Jouke , van den Ende Daan , Kardinaal Alwine
Published: June 2021

People experiencing sleep problems may benefit from nutrients supporting serotonin metabolism and stress reduction. We studied the effect of a dairy-based product (DP) containing protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, vitamins and minerals, on sleep quality, stress, and gut-microbiota. In a cross-over RCT (three weeks intervention; three weeks washout), adults (n = 70; 30–50 y) with sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 9) consumed products 1 h before bed-time. Sleep quality (PSQI) was measured weekly, stress at base- and end-line (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and saliva cortisol). Fecal samples were collected in the 1st intervention period only. Compared to placebo (skimmed milk), PSQI was only lower at day 14 in the 2nd intervention period in intention-to-treat (ITT) (p = 0.017; n = 69) and per-protocol (PP) (p = 0.038; n = 64) analyses. Post-hoc analysis (modified-PP: n=47, with baseline PSQI ≥ 9, and endline day 14), however, showed a decrease in PSQI (−1.60 ± 2.53; p = 0.034). Early morning saliva cortisol decreased versus placebo (p = 0.045). Relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased (p = 0.02). Redundancy analysis showed an inverse relationship between baseline microbiota composition and baseline PSQI (p = 0.046). Thus, although DP did not improve sleep quality in ITT and PP populations, it did in the modPP. DP reduced salivary cortisol and stimulated Bifidobacterium, which possibly is important for sleep improvement.
Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models that Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People
Authors: Muñoz-Perez Diana Maria , Gonzalez-Correa Clara Helena , Astudillo-Muñoz Elcy Yaned , Porras-Hurtado Gloria Liliana , Sanchez-Giraldo Maite , Lopez-Miranda Jose , Camargo Antonio , Rangel-Zuñiga Oriol Alberto
Published: June 2021

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
Protective Effects of Collagen Tripeptides in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Restoring ROS-Induced Transcriptional Repression
Authors: Saito-Takatsuji Hidehito , Yoshitomi Yasuo , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Yamamoto Shoko , Numata Noriaki , Sakai Yasuo , Takeuchi Masayoshi , Tomosugi Naohisa , Katsuda Shogo , Yonekura Hideto , Ikeda Takayuki
Published: June 2021

Collagen tripeptide (CTP) is defined as a functional food material derived from collagenase digests of type I collagen and contains a high concentration of tripeptides with a Gly-X-Y sequence. CTP has several biological effects, including the acceleration of fracture healing, ameliorating osteoarthritis, and improving dryness and photoaging of the skin. Recently, an antiatherosclerotic effect of CTP has been reported, although its molecular mechanism is yet to be determined. In this study, we examined the effects of CTP on primary cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) under oxidative stress, because oxidative endothelial dysfunction is a trigger of atherosclerosis. DNA microarray and RT-qPCR analyses showed that CTP treatment recovered the downregulated expression of several genes, including the interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (IL3RA), which were suppressed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) treatment in HAECs. Furthermore, IL3RA knockdown significantly decreased the viability of HAECs compared with control cells. RT-qPCR analysis also showed that solute carrier 15 family peptide transporters, which are involved in CTP absorption into cells, were expressed in HAECs at levels more than comparable to those of a CTP-responsive human osteoblastic cell line. These results indicated that CTP exerts a protective effect for HAECs, at least in part, by regulating the recovery of ROS-induced transcriptional repression.
Amino Acid-Induced Impairment of Insulin Signaling and Involvement of G-Protein Coupling Receptor
Authors: Zakaria Nur Fatini , Hamid Muhajir , Khayat Mohd Ezuan
Published: June 2021

Amino acids are needed for general bodily function and well-being. Despite their importance, augmentation in their serum concentration is closely related to metabolic disorder, insulin resistance (IR), or worse, diabetes mellitus. Essential amino acids such as the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been heavily studied as a plausible biomarker or even a cause of IR. Although there is a long list of benefits, in subjects with abnormal amino acids profiles, some amino acids are correlated with a higher risk of IR. Metabolic dysfunction, upregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the gut microbiome, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, inflammation, and the collusion of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the indicators and causes of metabolic disorders generating from amino acids that contribute to IR and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the current understanding of the true involvement of amino acids with IR. Additionally, the involvement of GPCRs in IR will be further discussed in this review.
Therapeutic Effects of Catechins in Less Common Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Sebastiani Giorgia , Almeida-Toledano Laura , Serra-Delgado Mariona , Navarro-Tapia Elisabet , Sailer Sebastian , Valverde Olga , Garcia-Algar Oscar , Andreu-Fernández Vicente
Published: June 2021

In recent years, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders research has focused on altered molecular mechanisms in search of potential pharmacological targets, e.g., imbalances in mechanisms of response to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and neuronal plasticity, which occur in less common neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies (Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and Down syndrome). Here, we assess the effects of different catechins (particularly of epigalocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG) on these disorders, as well as their use in attenuating age-related cognitive decline in healthy individuals. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of EGCG -due to their phenolic hydroxyl groups-, as well as its immunomodulatory, neuritogenic, and autophagic characteristics, makes this catechin a promising tool against neuroinflammation and microglia activation, common in these pathologies. Although EGCG promotes the inhibition of protein aggregation in experimental Huntington disease studies and improves the clinical severity in multiple sclerosis in animal models, its efficacy in humans remains controversial. EGCG may normalize DYRK1A (involved in neural plasticity) overproduction in Down syndrome, improving behavioral and neural phenotypes. In neurological pathologies caused by environmental agents, such as FASD, EGCG enhances antioxidant defense and regulates placental angiogenesis and neurodevelopmental processes. As demonstrated in animal models, catechins attenuate age-related cognitive decline, which results in improvements in long-term outcomes and working memory, reduction of hippocampal neuroinflammation, and enhancement of neuronal plasticity; however, further studies are needed. Catechins are valuable compounds for treating and preventing certain neurodegenerative and neurological diseases of genetic and environmental origin. However, the use of different doses of green tea extracts and EGCG makes it difficult to reach consistent conclusions for different populations.
Association of Nursery School-Level Promotion of Vegetable Eating with Caregiver-Reported Vegetable Consumption Behaviours among Preschool Children: A Multilevel Analysis of Japanese Children
Authors: Tani Yukako , Ochi Manami , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: June 2021

Nursery schools can play an important role in children developing healthy eating behaviours, including vegetable consumption. However, the effect of school-level vegetable promotion on vegetable consumption and body mass index (BMI) remains unclear. This study examined the associations of nursery school-level promotion of eating vegetables first at meals with Japanese children’s vegetable consumption behaviours and BMI. We used cross-sectional data collected in 2015, 2016, and 2017 on 7402 children in classes of 3–5-year-olds in all 133 licensed nursery schools in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan. Caregivers were surveyed on their children’s eating behaviours (frequency of eating vegetables, willingness to eat vegetables and number of kinds of vegetables eaten), height and weight. Nursery school-level promotion of eating vegetables first at meals was assessed using individual responses, with the percentage of caregivers reporting that their children ate vegetables first at meals as a proxy for the school-level penetration of the promotion of vegetable eating. Multilevel analyses were conducted to investigate the associations of school-level vegetable-eating promotion with vegetable consumption behaviours and BMI. Children in schools that were 1 interquartile range higher on vegetable promotion ate vegetable dishes more often (β = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.004–0.07), and were more often willing to eat vegetables (adjusted odds ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07–1.28), as well as to eat more kinds of vegetables (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19 times; 95% CI: 1.06–1.34). School-level vegetable-eating promotion was not associated with BMI. The school-level health strategy of eating vegetables first may be effective in increasing children’s vegetable intake but not in preventing being overweight.
Vitamin D Nutritional Status of Chinese Pregnant Women, Comparing the Chinese National Nutrition Surveillance (CNHS) 2015–2017 with CNHS 2010–2012
Authors: Hu Yichun , Wang Rui , Mao Deqian , Chen Jing , Li Min , Li Weidong , Yang Yanhua , Zhao Liyun , Zhang Jian , Piao Jianhua , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Lichen
Published: June 2021

Optimal vitamin D (vitD) status is beneficial for both pregnant women and their newborns. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of Chinese pregnant women in the latest China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) 2015–2017, analyze the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency (VDD), and compare them with those in CNHS 2010–2012. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by ELISA method. City type, district, latitude, location, age, vitamin D supplements intake, education, marital status, annual family income, etc., were recorded. The median 25(OH)D concentration was 13.02 (10.17–17.01) ng/mL in 2015–2017, and 15.48 (11.89–20.09) ng/mL in 2010–2012. The vitamin D sufficient rate was only 12.57% in 2015–2017, comparing to 25.17% in 2010–2012. The risk factors of vitamin D inadequacy (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) in 2015–2017 were not exactly consistent with that in 2010–2012. The risk factors included season of spring (p < 0.0001) and winter (p < 0.001), subtropical (p < 0.001), median (p < 0.0001) and warm temperate zones (p < 0.0001), the western (p = 0.027) and the central areas (p = 0.041), while vitD supplements intake (p = 0.021) was a protective factor in pregnant women. In conclusion, vitD inadequacy is very common among Chinese pregnant women. We encourage pregnant women to take more effective sunlight and proper vitD supplements, especially for those from the subtropical, warm and medium temperate zones, the western and the central, and in the seasons of spring and winter.
Effects of Fermented Milk Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Constipation in Patients with Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Chen Shanbin , Zhang Ming , Ren Fazheng , Ren Yimei , Li Yixuan , Liu Ning , Zhang Yan , Zhang Qi , Wang Ran
Published: June 2021

Probiotics have been shown to benefit patients with constipation and depression, but whether they specifically alleviate constipation in patients with depression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS), formerly Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, on constipation in patients with depression with specific etiology and gut microbiota and on depressive regimens. Eighty-two patients with constipation were recruited. The subjects consumed 100 mL of a LcS beverage (108 CFU/mL) or placebo every day for 9 weeks. After ingesting beverages for this period, we observed no significant differences in the total patient constipation-symptom (PAC-SYM) scores in the LcS group when compared with the placebo group. However, symptoms/scores in item 7 (rectal tearing or bleeding after a bowel movement) and items 8–12 (stool symptom subscale) were more alleviated in the LcS group than in the placebo group. The Beck Depression Index (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were all significantly decreased, and the degree of depression was significantly improved in both the placebo and LcS groups (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups. The LcS intervention increased the beneficial Adlercreutzia, Megasphaera and Veillonella levels and decreased the bacterial levels related to mental illness, such as Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Sutterella and Oscillibacter. Additionally, the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased in both the placebo and LcS groups (p < 0.05). In particular, the IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the LcS group than the placebo group after the ingestion period (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the daily consumption of LcS for 9 weeks appeared to relieve constipation and improve the potentially depressive symptoms in patients with depression and significantly decrease the IL-6 levels. In addition, the LcS supplementation also appeared to regulate the intestinal microbiota related to mental illness.
Food Safety and Cross-Contamination of Gluten-Free Products: A Narrative Review
Authors: Wieser Herbert , Segura Verónica , Ruiz-Carnicer Ángela , Sousa Carolina , Comino Isabel
Published: June 2021

A gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only effective treatment for celiac disease (CD); an individual’s daily intake of gluten should not exceed 10 mg. However, it is difficult to maintain a strict oral diet for life and at least one-third of patients with CD are exposed to gluten, despite their best efforts at dietary modifications. It has been demonstrated that both natural and certified gluten-free foods can be heavily contaminated with gluten well above the commonly accepted threshold of 20 mg/kg. Moreover, meals from food services such as restaurants, workplaces, and schools remain a significant risk for inadvertent gluten exposure. Other possible sources of gluten are non-certified oat products, numerous composite foods, medications, and cosmetics that unexpectedly contain “hidden” vital gluten, a proteinaceous by-product of wheat starch production. A number of immunochemical assays are commercially available worldwide to detect gluten. Each method has specific features, such as format, sample extraction buffers, extraction time and temperature, characteristics of the antibodies, recognition epitope, and the reference material used for calibration. Due to these differences and a lack of official reference material, the results of gluten quantitation may deviate systematically. In conclusion, incorrect gluten quantitation, improper product labeling, and poor consumer awareness, which results in the inadvertent intake of relatively high amounts of gluten, can be factors that compromise the health of patients with CD.
Spatiotemporal and Quantitative Monitoring of the Fate of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ in Tomato Plants Infected by Grafting
Authors: Carminati Gaia , Brusa Vittorio , Loschi Alberto , Ermacora Paolo , Martini Marta
Published: June 2021

Understanding how phytoplasmas move and multiply within the host plant is fundamental for plant–pathogen interaction studies. In recent years, the tomato has been used as a model plant to study this type of interaction. In the present work, we investigated the distribution and multiplication dynamics of one strain of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma (Ca. P.) solani’ (16SrXII-A) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) plants. We obtained infected plants by grafting, a fast and effective method to maintain phytoplasma infection. In planta spread and multiplication of ‘Ca. P. solani’ was monitored over time using qualitative and quantitative qPCR. Root, apical shoot, lower leaves, and upper leaves were sampled at each sampling time. We hypothesized that ‘Ca. P. solani’ from the grafting site reached firstly the highest leaf, the apex and the roots; subsequently, the phytoplasmas spread to the rest of the upper leaves and then progressively to the lower leaves. Significant differences were found in ‘Ca. P. solani’ titer among different plant tissues. In particular, the concentration of phytoplasma in the roots was significantly higher than that in the other plant compartments in almost all the sampling dates. Since the roots show rapid colonization and the highest concentration of phytoplasmas, they represent the ideal tissue to sample for an early, sensitive and robust diagnosis.
The Roles of DNA Demethylases in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Panjarian Shoghag , Issa Jean-Pierre J.
Published: June 2021

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are very heterogenous, molecularly diverse, and are characterized by a high propensity to relapse or metastasize. Clinically, TNBC remains a diagnosis of exclusion by the lack of hormone receptors (Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR)) as well as the absence of overexpression and/or amplification of HER2. DNA methylation plays an important role in breast cancer carcinogenesis and TNBCs have a distinct DNA methylation profile characterized by marked hypomethylation and lower gains of methylations compared to all other subtypes. DNA methylation is regulated by the balance of DNA methylases (DNMTs) and DNA demethylases (TETs). Here, we review the roles of TETs as context-dependent tumor-suppressor genes and/or oncogenes in solid tumors, and we discuss the current understandings of the oncogenic role of TET1 and its therapeutic implications in TNBCs.
The Influence of Long-Term Treatment with Asenapine on Liver Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity in the Rat. The Involvement of Different Mechanisms
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Bromek Ewa , Daniel Władysława A.
Published: June 2021

Therapy of schizophrenia requires long-term treatment with a relevant antipsychotic drug to achieve a therapeutic effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of prolonged treatment with the atypical neuroleptic asenapine on the expression and activity of rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats. Asenapine (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) was administered for two weeks. The levels of CYP mRNA protein and activity were determined in the liver and hormone concentrations were measured in the pituitary gland and blood serum. Asenapine significantly decreased the activity of CYP1A (caffeine 8-hydroxylation and 3-N-demethylation), CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A (testosterone hydroxylation at positions 16β; 2α and 16α; 2β and 6β, respectively). The neuroleptic did not affect the activity of CYP2A (testosterone 7α-hydroxylation), CYP2C6 (warfarin 7-hydroxylation) and CYP2E1 (chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation). The mRNA and protein levels of CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 were decreased, while those of CYP2B2 and CYP3A2 were not changed. Simultaneously, pituitary level of growth hormone-releasing hormone and serum concentrations of growth hormone and corticosterone were reduced, while that of triiodothyronine was enhanced. In conclusion, chronic treatment with asenapine down-regulates liver cytochrome P450 enzymes, which involves neuroendocrine mechanisms. Thus, chronic asenapine treatment may slow the metabolism of CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A substrates (steroids and drugs). Since asenapine is metabolized by CYP1A and CYP3A, the neuroleptic may inhibit its own metabolism, therefore, the plasma concentration of asenapine in patients after prolonged treatment may be higher than expected based on a single dose.
Impact of a Single Point Mutation on the Antimicrobial and Fibrillogenic Properties of Cryptides from Human Apolipoprotein B
Authors: Gaglione Rosa , Smaldone Giovanni , Cesaro Angela , Rumolo Mariano , De Luca Maria , Di Girolamo Rocco , Petraccone Luigi , Del Vecchio Pompea , Oliva Rosario , Notomista Eugenio , Pedone Emilia , Arciello Angela
Published: June 2021

Host defense peptides (HDPs) are gaining increasing interest, since they are endowed with multiple activities, are often effective on multidrug resistant bacteria and do not generally lead to the development of resistance phenotypes. Cryptic HDPs have been recently identified in human apolipoprotein B and found to be endowed with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with anti-biofilm, wound healing and immunomodulatory properties, and with the ability to synergistically act in combination with conventional antibiotics, while being not toxic for eukaryotic cells. Here, a multidisciplinary approach was used, including time killing curves, differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, ThT binding assays, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The effects of a single point mutation (Pro → Ala in position 7) on the biological properties of ApoB-derived peptide r(P)ApoBLPro have been evaluated. Although the two versions of the peptide share similar antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, only r(P)ApoBLAla peptide was found to exert bactericidal effects. Interestingly, antimicrobial activity of both peptide versions appears to be dependent from their interaction with specific components of bacterial surfaces, such as LPS or LTA, which induce peptides to form β-sheet-rich amyloid-like structures. Altogether, obtained data indicate a correlation between ApoB-derived peptides self-assembling state and their antibacterial activity.
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Using Auger Electron Emitters: The Quest for the Right Vector and the Right Radionuclide
Authors: Idrissou Malick Bio , Pichard Alexandre , Tee Bryan , Kibedi Tibor , Poty Sophie , Pouget Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2021

Auger electron emitters (AEEs) are attractive tools in targeted radionuclide therapy to specifically irradiate tumour cells while sparing healthy tissues. However, because of their short range, AEEs need to be brought close to sensitive targets, particularly nuclear DNA, and to a lower extent, cell membrane. Therefore, radioimmunoconjugates (RIC) have been developed for specific tumour cell targeting and transportation to the nucleus. Herein, we assessed, in A-431CEA-luc and SK-OV-31B9 cancer cells that express low and high levels of HER2 receptors, two 111In-RIC consisting of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab conjugated to NLS or TAT peptides for nuclear delivery. We found that NLS and TAT peptides improved the nuclear uptake of 111In-trastuzumab conjugates, but this effect was limited and non-specific. Moreover, it did not result in a drastic decrease of clonogenic survival. Indium-111 also contributed to non-specific cytotoxicity in vitro due to conversion electrons (30% of the cell killing). Comparison with [125I]I-UdR showed that the energy released in the cell nucleus by increasing the RIC’s nuclear uptake or by choosing an AEE that releases more energy per decay should be 5 to 10 times higher to observe a significant therapeutic effect. Therefore, new Auger-based radiopharmaceuticals need to be developed.
The Insights of Microbes’ Roles in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Maheswary Thambirajoo , Nurul Asma Abdullah , Fauzi Mh Busra
Published: June 2021

A diverse range of normal flora populates the human skin and numbers are relatively different between individuals and parts of the skin. Humans and normal flora have formed a symbiotic relationship over a period of time. With numerous disease processes, the interaction between the host and normal flora can be interrupted. Unlike normal wound healing, which is complex and crucial to sustaining the skin’s physical barrier, chronic wounds, especially in diabetes, are wounds that fail to heal in a timely manner. The conditions become favorable for microbes to colonize and establish infections within the skin. These include secretions of various kinds of molecules, substances or even trigger the immune system to attack other cells required for wound healing. Additionally, the healing process can be slowed down by prolonging the inflammatory phase and delaying the wound repair process, which causes further destruction to the tissue. Antibiotics and wound dressings become the targeted therapy to treat chronic wounds. Though healing rates are improved, prolonged usage of these treatments could become ineffective or microbes may become resistant to the treatments. Considering all these factors, more studies are needed to comprehensively elucidate the role of human skin normal flora at the cellular and molecular level in a chronic injury. This article will review wound healing physiology and discuss the role of normal flora in the skin and chronic wounds.
Novel PVA-Based Microspheres Co-Loaded with Photothermal Transforming Agent and Chemotherapeutic for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhang Yao , He Zirui , Yang Fan , Ye Changqing , Xu Xia , Wang Shige , Zhang Ling , Zou Duowu
Published: June 2021

Background: We previously designed an electrospinning chitosan (CS) nanofiber-based carrier, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an adjuvant to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and MoS2 nanosheets for postoperative tumor re-occurrence inhibition. However, owing to that the nanofibrous mat is un-injectable, this composite nanofiber is far from being clinically applicable. Materials and Methods: Via modulating the electrospray parameters, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) beads string doped with DOX and MoS2 (PVA/MoS2/DOX microspheres) were prepared, which were further crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to obtain the water-stability. Results: Under the 808-nm laser irradiation, MoS2 nanosheets rendered the prepared PVA/MoS2/DOX microspheres an excellent light-to-heat conversion performance with η of 23.2%. Besides, the heat generated by near-infrared laser irradiation can improve the effect of chemotherapy by promoting the release rate of DOX. HT29 cell and tumor-bearing nude mice were used to systematically study the combined tumor treatment efficiency of composite nanospheres. Conclusion: PVA/MoS2/DOX nanospheres have excellent photothermal effect and chemotherapy effect, which can completely suppress the tumor recurrence. Therefore, the PVA/MoS2/DOX nanospheres are anticipated to find potential applications in the treatment of local colorectal cancer.
API Content and Blend Uniformity Using Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Villanueva-López Vladimir , Pacheco-Londoño Leonardo C. , Villarreal-González Reynaldo , Castro-Suarez John R. , Román-Ospino Andrés , Ortiz-Rivera William , Galán-Freyle Nataly J. , Hernandez-Rivera Samuel P.
Published: June 2021

The process analytical technology (PAT) initiative proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests innovative methods to better understand pharmaceutical processes. The development of analytical methods that quantify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in powders and tablets is fundamental to monitoring and controlling a drug product’s quality. Analytical methods based on vibrational spectroscopy do not require sample preparation and can be implemented during in-line manufacturing to maintain quality at each stage of operations. In this study, a mid-infrared (MIR) quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectroscopy-based protocol was performed to quantify ibuprofen in formulations of powder blends and tablets. Fourteen blends were prepared with varying concentrations from 0.0% to 21.0% (w/w) API. MIR laser spectra were collected in the spectral range of 990 to 1600 cm−1. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed to correlate the intensities of vibrational signals with API concentrations in powder blends and tablets. PLS models were evaluated based on the following figures of merit: correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error of calibration, root mean square error of prediction, root mean square error of cross-validation, and relative standard error of prediction. QCL assisted by multivariate analysis was demonstrated to be accurate and robust for analysis of the content and blend uniformity of pharmaceutical compounds.
Compound Vector Light Generator Based on a Metasurface
Authors: Zhou Changda , Mou Zhen , Lu Peiyao , Teng Shuyun
Published: June 2021

In view of wide applications of vector light with a non-uniform polarization state, a compound vector light generator is proposed to generate compound vector light. One compound vector light contains two or more non-uniform polarization modes and several annular intensities, which can carry more polarization information and possess higher dimensional singularity. The proposed compound vector light generator consists of cross nanoholes with high polarization conversion efficiency; it works under linear polarized light, and the mode of the generated compound vector light can be adjusted through rotating cross nanoholes. The structure parameters of the compound vector light generator are optimized with the aid of numerical simulation, and the simulation results for the generated light fields verify the performance of the proposed device. The advancement of the compound vector light and metasurface design of the compound vector light generator can assist in the exploration of novel singular properties of light fields and the broadening of applications of vector light fields.
Finding Needles in a Haystack: Using Geo-References to Enhance the Selection and Utilization of Landraces in Breeding for Climate-Resilient Cultivars of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Shim Junghyun , Bandillo Nonoy B. , Angeles-Shim Rosalyn B.
Published: June 2021

The genetic uniformity of cultivated cotton as a consequence of domestication and modern breeding makes it extremely vulnerable to abiotic challenges brought about by major climate shifts. To sustain productivity amidst worsening agro-environments, future breeding objectives need to seriously consider introducing new genetic variation from diverse resources into the current germplasm base of cotton. Landraces are genetically heterogeneous, population complexes that have been primarily selected for their adaptability to specific localized or regional environments. This makes them an invaluable genetic resource of novel allelic diversity that can be exploited to enhance the resilience of crops to marginal environments. The utilization of cotton landraces in breeding programs are constrained by the phenology of the plant and the lack of phenotypic information that can facilitate efficient selection of potential donor parents for breeding. In this review, the genetic value of cotton landraces and the major challenges in their utilization in breeding are discussed. Two strategies namely Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy and Environmental Association Analysis that have been developed to effectively screen large germplasm collections for accessions with adaptive traits using geo-reference-based, mathematical modelling are highlighted. The potential applications of both approaches in mining available cotton landrace collections are also presented.
Integration of Ultrasound into the Development of Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate and Its Bio-Stimulatory Effect for Growth of Wheat Grain Seedlings In Vivo
Authors: Trakselyte-Rupsiene Karolina , Juodeikiene Grazina , Cernauskas Darius , Bartkiene Elena , Klupsaite Dovile , Zadeike Daiva , Bendoraitiene Joana , Damasius Jonas , Ignatavicius Jonas , Sikorskaite-Gudziuniene Sidona
Published: June 2021

This study was dedicated to increasing the efficiency of producing plant-based protein hydrolysate using traditional and non-traditional treatments. Low- and high frequency ultrasound (US) at different intensities were applied to corn steep liquor (CSL) at 50 °C for 30 min, and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using industrially produced alkaline protease. The efficiency of US and enzymatic treatments was characterized by protein solubility (soluble protein (SP) content, hydrolyzed protein (HP) concentration, and free amino acid (FAA) profile) and kinetic parameters: Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) and apparent breakdown rate constant (kA). A significant effect of 37 kHz US pre-treatment for CSL enzymatic hydrolysis was found and resulted in the highest HP concentration (17.5 g/L) using the lowest enzyme concentration (2.1 g/L) and the shortest hydrolysis time (60 min). By using US pre-treatment, on average, a 2.2 times higher FAA content could be achieved compared to traditional hydrolysis. Additionally, results for the kinetic parameters kM and kA confirmed the potential of applying US treatment before hydrolysis. The effect of CSL protein hydrolysate on plant growth was tested in vivo on wheat grain seed germination and resulted in the significant increase in germination parameters compared to the control treatment. These findings indicate that by-products of starch industry could be a promising source for the production of low-cost sustainable biostimulants.
Elastin-Plasma Hybrid Hydrogels for Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Stojic Marija , Ródenas-Rochina Joaquín , López-Donaire María Luisa , González de Torre Israel , González Pérez Miguel , Rodríguez-Cabello José Carlos , Vojtová Lucy , Jorcano José Luis , Velasco Diego
Published: June 2021

Dermo-epidermal equivalents based on plasma-derived fibrin hydrogels have been extensively studied for skin engineering. However, they showed rapid degradation and contraction over time and low mechanical properties which limit their reproducibility and lifespan. In order to achieve better mechanical properties, elasticity and biological properties, we incorporated a elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) network, based on two types of ELR, one modified with azide (SKS-N3) and other with cyclooctyne (SKS-Cyclo) chemical groups at molar ratio 1:1 at three different SKS (serine-lysine-serine sequence) concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt.%), into plasma-derived fibrin hydrogels. Our results showed a decrease in gelation time and contraction, both in the absence and presence of the encapsulated human primary fibroblasts (hFBs), higher mechanical properties and increase in elasticity when SKSs content is equal or higher than 3%. However, hFBs proliferation showed an improvement when the lowest SKS content (1 wt.%) was used but started decreasing when increasing SKS concentration at day 14 with respect to the plasma control. Proliferation of human primary keratinocytes (hKCs) seeded on top of the hybrid-plasma hydrogels containing 1 and 3% of SKS showed no differences to plasma control and an increase in hKCs proliferation was observed for hybrid-plasma hydrogels containing 5 wt.% of SKS. These promising results showed the need to achieve a balance between the reduced contraction, the better mechanical properties and biological properties and indicate the potential of using this type of hydrogel as a testing platform for pharmaceutical products and cosmetics, and future work will elucidate their potential.
Biosynthesis of Bacterial Cellulose by Extended Cultivation with Multiple Removal of BC Pellicles
Authors: Skiba Ekaterina A. , Shavyrkina Nadezhda A. , Budaeva Vera V. , Sitnikova Anastasia E. , Korchagina Anna A. , Bychin Nikolay V. , Gladysheva Evgenia K. , Pavlov Igor N. , Zharikov Andrey N. , Lubyansky Vladimir G. , Semyonova Elena N. , Sakovich Gennady V.
Published: June 2021

Extended cultivation with multiple removal of BC pellicles is proposed herein as a new biosynthetic process for bacterial cellulose (BC). This method enhances the BC surface area by 5–11 times per unit volume of the growth medium, improving the economic efficiency of biosynthesis. The resultant BC gel-films were thin, transparent, and congruent. The degree of polymerization (DP) and elastic modulus (EM) depended on the number of BC pellicle removals, vessel shape, and volume. The quality of BC from removals II–III to VII was better than from removal I. The process scale-up of 1:40 by volume increased DP by 1.5 times and EM by 5 times. A fact was established that the symbiotic Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 was adaptable to exhausted growth medium: the medium was able to biosynthesize BC for 60 days, while glucose ran low at 24 days. On extended cultivation, DP and EM were found to decline by 39–64% and 57–65%, respectively. The BC gel-films obtained upon removals I–VI were successfully trialed in experimental tension-free hernioplasty.
Role of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer in the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo in Mice
Authors: Rodriguez-Izquierdo Ignacio , Ceña-Diez Rafael , Serramia Maria Jesús , Rodriguez-Fernández Rosa , Martínez Isidoro , Muñoz-Fernández Mariángeles
Published: June 2021

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory infection and bronchiolitis, requiring hospitalization mainly in infants. The interaction between RSV, envelope glycoproteins G and F, and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) is required for binding and entry into the host cells. A G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer was identified as a possible RSV inhibitor. We speculated that the G2-S16 dendrimer adheres to the host cell-surface HSPG, acts through binding to HS receptors, and prevents further RSV infection. The G2-S16 dendrimer was non-toxic when applied intranasally to Balb/c mice, and interestingly enough, this G2-S16 dendrimer inhibits 85% RSV. Therefore, our G2-S16 dendrimer could be a candidate for developing a new possible therapy against RSV infection.
Fabrication and Application of SERS-Active Cellulose Fibers Regenerated from Waste Resource
Authors: Wang Shengjun , Guo Jiaqi , Ma Yibo , Wang Alan X. , Kong Xianming , Yu Qian
Published: June 2021

The flexible SERS substrate were prepared base on regenerated cellulose fibers, in which the Au nanoparticles were controllably assembled on fiber through electrostatic interaction. The cellulose fiber was regenerated from waste paper through the dry-jet wet spinning method, an eco-friendly and convenient approach by using ionic liquid. The Au NPs could be controllably distributed on the surface of fiber by adjusting the conditions during the process of assembling. Finite-difference time-domain theoretical simulations verified the intense local electromagnetic fields of plasmonic composites. The flexible SERS fibers show excellent SERS sensitivity and adsorption capability. A typical Raman probe molecule, 4-Mercaptobenzoicacid (4-MBA), was used to verify the SERS cellulose fibers, the sensitivity could achieve to 10−9 M. The flexible SERS fibers were successfully used for identifying dimetridazole (DMZ) from aqueous solution. Furthermore, the flexible SERS fibers were used for detecting DMZ from the surface of fish by simply swabbing process. It is clear that the fabricated plasmonic composite can be applied for the identifying toxins and chemicals.
Residual Life Prediction for Induction Furnace by Sequential Encoder with s-Convolutional LSTM
Authors: Choi Yulim , Kwun Hyeonho , Kim Dohee , Lee Eunju , Bae Hyerim
Published: June 2021

Induction furnaces are widely used for melting scrapped steel in small foundries and their use has recently become more frequent. The maintenance of induction furnaces is usually based on empirical decisions of the operator and an explosion can occur through operator error. To prevent an explosion, previous studies have utilized statistical models but have been unable to generalize the problem and have achieved a low accuracy. Herein, we propose a data-driven method for induction furnaces by proposing a novel 2D matrix called a sequential feature matrix(s-encoder) and multi-channel convolutional long short-term memory (s-ConLSTM). First, the sensor data and operation data are converted into sequential feature matrices. Then, N-sequential feature matrices are imported into the convolutional LSTM model to predict the residual life of the induction furnace wall. Based on our experimental results, our method outperforms general neural network models and enhances the safe use of induction furnaces.