bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Landraces for Drought Tolerance Using Morphological and Yield Characters under Rainfed Conditions of Sub Region Hagaz, Eritrea
Authors: Tesfazghi Mebrahtom , Abraha Tesfamichael , Araia Woldeamlak , Angiras Nitya Nand
Published: September 2022

Sorghum is an important food crop in Eritrea where it is widely grown in the mid and low lands, of semi-arid regions. Eritrea being the center of origin of sorghum, a large variability exist in its landraces being grown by the farmers since generations. In order to improve the productivity of sorghum under moisture stress conditions, it is imperative to evaluate these landraces for drought tolerant characteristics and their use for further crop improvement programmes. Therefore, a field study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications to estimate the extent of genetic variability of 20 sorghum genotypes for moisture stress tolerance using various morphological, phenological, yield and yield related parameters under rainfed conditions at Hagaz Research Station. Significant difference was observed for almost all the characters in the individual analysis of variance suggesting that these sorghum accessions were highly variable. Accessions EG 537, EG 1257, EG 849, EG 791, EG 783 and EG 813 showed promising results for post flowering drought tolerance, grain yield and stay green traits. Higher PCV and GCV were also obtained in parameters like plant height, leaf area, biomass, peduncle exertion, panicle length, and grain yield and panicle weight. The genotypes also exhibited varying degrees of heritability estimates. Characters such as plant height, panicle length, days to flowering and maturity showed higher heritability. Cluster analysis revealed that sorghum landraces were grouped on the basis of their morphological traits and geographical sites. 77.3% of the total variation of sorghum landraces was contributed by the first four principal components analysis having Eigen value > 1. Overall, the current study confirmed that EG 537, EG 849, EG 1257, EG 791, and EG 813 are drought tolerant sorghum landraces during post flowering stage.
BOŞAMAYA YÖNELİK NASLARIN MAKÂSID EKSENLİ YORUMU -HÂZİLİN TALÂKI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ASLAN Nasi
Published: September 2022

Toplumların varlıklarını korumasında hiç şüphesiz aile kurumu başat rol oynar. Bu nedenle tarihten günümüze, medeniyette iz bırakan toplumların aile kurumunun korunmasına dönük özel tedbirler aldıkları ve politikalar geliştirdikleri bir sosyal gerçekliktir. Bu bağlamda İslâm’ın nikâhta eşler arasında denkliği gözeterek onlar arasındaki uyum ve devamlılığı hedeflemesi bu tür bir tedbir olarak düşünülebilir. Yine nikâhın “mîsâk-ı ğalîz” ağır sorumluluğu gerektiren bir akit; boşamanın da “Allah’a sevimsiz gelen bir mubah” olarak betimlenmesi, aynı amaca matuf bir politikadır. Diğer taraftan ailenin korunması İslam’ın gözettiği beş ana gaye içinde yer alır. Nitekim İslâm Hukukunda “makâsıdü’ş- şerî‘a” olarak bilinen dinin korumayı hedeflediği beş esas “canın korunması, malın korunması, neslin korunması, dinin korunması ve aklın korunması” şeklinde formüle edilen “tümel gayeleri” içerir. Bu beş esas bir yönüyle Şâri’in hükümlerde gözettiği genel amacı teşkil ederken, bir yönüyle de insanların genel maslahatlarını ihtiva etmektedir. Diğer taraftan Şâri’in naslarda yer alan her bir hükümde gözettiği özel gayeler de vardır ki, o da söz konusu nasta gözetilen tikel gayeleri oluşturur. Aslında bu gaye belki de o nassın (âyet ya da hadisin) sevk olunuşu ile ilgili güdülen özel amacı teşkil eder. Sonuçta ilgili nassın, bu özel gaye ekseninde tümel gayelerle birlikte yorumlanması durumunda Şâri’in maksadı gerçekleşmiş olacaktır. Bu noktada ailenin korunması tümel bir gaye olduğuna göre aile hukuku ile ilgili tikel nassların bu muvâcehede yorumlanması sahih anlam için bir zorunluluktur. Ne var ki talâkla ilgili nasların müteahhirûn döneme ait bir kısım eserlerde ailenin korunması gayesinden uzak, hatta olumsuz sonuçları tetikleyen literal/lafızcı bir yoruma büründüğü söylenebilir. Nitekim hâzilin (şakadan boşayan kimsenin) talâkına dair rivayetin yorumu da bunun özgün örneğini oluşturur. İlgili rivayette: Üç şey vardır ki, bunların ciddisi de ciddî, şakası da ciddîdir. Nikâh, talâk ve ric‘at/ricî talâkta eşine dönme (yani bu meselelerin şakaya gelmeyeceği belirtiliyor ki hadisin bu minvalde anlaşılması daha doğru olur). Söz konusu bu hadis, boşanmaya giden yolun kapatılmasında bir kalkan gibi konumlandırılması gerekirken, talâka dair sözlü tasarruflarda olumsuz sonuçların doğmasına neden olan temel bir referansa dönüşmüştür. “Ameller niyetlere göredir” hadisi fürûda birçok sözlü ve fiilî tasarrufu tahsis edici genel bir ilke olarak kabul edilirken gayr-ı ciddi olan hâzilin boşamasında onun dikkate alınmaması düşündürücüdür. İşte bu çalışmamızda hâzilin talâkıyla ilgili zikri geçen rivayetin metin ve sened yönünden kritiği yapılarak normatif değeri tartışılacak, özellikle hadisin arka plânı araştırılarak makâsıd ekseninde yeni yorumların imkânı üzerinde durulacaktır.
ÖĞRETMENLERE GÖRE PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE DKAB DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMININ (4-8. SINIFLAR) İÇERİĞİNE YÖNELİK SORUNLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: YÜRÜK Tuğrul
Published: September 2022

Türkiye’de 10 Mart 2020’de ilk COVID-19 vakasının görülmesinin ardından 23 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren uzaktan eğitime geçilmiştir. Uzaktan eğitimde gerçekleştirilen uygulamalarla ilgili literatür incelendiğinde birçok çalışmaya rastlamak mümkündür. Bu çalışma Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersi içeriğini konu edinmesiyle diğer çalışmalardan farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel problemi; pandemi sürecinde öğretmenlerin DKAB Dersi Öğretim Programlarının işlenişi esnasında yaşadıkları sorunlar ve bunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Böylece eksikliklerin belirlenerek program geliştirme çalışmalarına katkı sunmak hedeflenmektedir. Nitel araştırma modelinin benimsendiği bu araştırma, durum çalışması deseniyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada pandemi sürecinde gerçekleştirilen din öğretimi uygulamalarında yaşanan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri, öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmeler doğrultusunda derinlemesine incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak DKAB Dersi Öğretim Programları nın içeriğinin bir taraftan pandemi sürecinde karşılaşılan problemlere yönelik temizlik alışkanlıklarına vurgu yapılması, değerlerin öğretimi gibi bazı katkılara sahip olmakla birlikte süre sorunu yaşanması, öğrencilerin aktif hale getirilmesi, materyal kullanımı ve ölçme-değerlendirme gibi konularda da zorlanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
O marcador EM na elaboração das representações temporais
Authors: Rocha Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

A preposição EM é invariavelmente ligada ao valor de tempo. Encontramo-lo em todas as classificações das gramáticas tradicionais. Todavia, os trabalhos classificatórios que versam sobre a preposição enquanto introdutor de complementos  temporais parecem ser insuficientes para dar conta das múltiplas flutuações cotextuais, bem como da identidade semântica do marcador em foco. Neste trabalho, considerando-se o domínio semântico da construção do tempo na enunciação linguística, visamos a descrever a variação cotextual da preposição EM, quer dizer, precisar quais as representações temporais implicadas nos diversos cenários enunciativos aos quais esse marcador se integra, e, para, além disso, propor uma hipótese de sua invariância de sentido, quer dizer, determinar os princípios organizadores que presidem a elaboração de tais representações.
Experience in the Treatment of Wounds of Circulatory Organs in the Chest and Main Vessels of Other Localizations in Wartime
Authors: Hrabovskyy Nazar Z.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the principles of providing care for injuries to the heart, aorta, pulmonary artery, or other main vessels. The described principles can be applied in the treatment of civil injuries.

The aim. Consider a treatment tactic in the cases of heart and main vessels combat injuries using own experience.

Materials and methods. Twelve cases of combat wounds of blood circulation organs in the chest were analyzed: 5 gunshot injuries of the subclavian vessels, 4 gunshot injuries of the heart, 1 gunshot injury of the ascending aorta, 1 gunshot injury of the pulmonary artery and 1 suspected gunshot injury of the left ventricle.

Also we analyzed 78 cases of combat gunshot injuries of main vessels of other locations: 3 injuries of vessels of the neck, 68 injuries of main vessels of limbs, 6 injuries of iliac arteries, 1 injury of abdominal aorta.

Most of the operations, with the exception of those that required artificial blood circulation, were performed in advanced hospitals at the II level of military medical evacuation, which enabled to shorten the time from injury to the performance of the final surgical intervention and save life or limbs.

Results and discussion. Two cases with penetrating wounds to the chest and damage to the subclavian vessels were fatal. Death was attributed to uncontrolled chest bleeding.

Among the 78 cases of injury of main vessels of other locations, one case with damage to the iliac arteries was fatal, and death also occurred as a result of uncontrolled massive intra-abdominal bleeding.

Conclusions. Wounded individuals with unstable hemodynamics against the background of ongoing massive bleeding and with suspicion of injury of the heart or main vessels in the chest should be operated on immediately. Due to the urgency of performing such operations and impossibility of an adequate additional examination, localization and degree of the damage to the organs of the circulatory system is determined during the operation. A thoracoscopic approach can be used in stable patients with non-penetrating gunshot wounds to the heart.

In the relatively stable condition of patients with an established injury of the heart, aorta, or pulmonary artery, it is advisable to perform additional examinations. Patients with trauma to the main vessels of the extremities and ischemia thereof need rapid revascularization.
Experience of Endovascular Treatment of Pulmonary Artery Atresia
Authors: Imanov Elnur , Ditkivskyy Igor O. , Plyska Oleksandr I. , Mazur Oleksandra A. , Sloboda Artemiia O.
Published: September 2022

The aim. To analyze the results of the use of endovascular treatments for pulmonary artery atresia (PAA).

Materials and methods. Treatment of this heart defect at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine with application of endovascular methods began in 2006. Since then, 138 patients were operated, 57 of them female (41.3%) and 81 (58.6%) were male. Endovascular methods were used in 23 patients, and 115 patients underwent open-heart surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 25±16.3 days.

Of 115 patients who underwent open-heart surgery, 62 (54%) were male and 53 (46%) were female. On the day of surgery, the mean age of these patients was 607.8±1023.7 days, mean weight was 8.8±8.1 kg. The average length of hospital stay was 26±18.6 (maximum 215, minimum 5). Of 23 patients who underwent endovascular surgery, 18 (77%) were male and 5 (23%) were female. The mean age on the day of surgery was 220.5±650.2 days, mean weight was 5.0±4.4 kg. The mean length of hospital stay was 22±5.7 days (maximum 34, minimum 4).

In the treatment of PAA, a stepwise procedure is used, correcting part of the defect at each stage and thereby reducing the traumaticity of the operation. In our case, correction of the defect was performed on the open heart and using endovascular methods of treatment. After endovascular interventions, no fatal effects were observed. Open-heart surgery was performed in case if endovascular interventions could not be performed. The condition of such patients was usually more severe. It should also be noted that the open-heart surgery itself is a serious trauma to the body. Due to the above, postoperative period in this group of patients more often proceeded with complications. Due to more severe preoperative condition of the patients and surgical trauma, in some cases of open-heart interventions, some patients did not recover after surgery. As a result, the total mortality in the group of patients who underwent open-heart surgery was 13.0%. In addition, in 7 cases, such surgery was supplemented by the Rashkind procedure. In case of recurrent surgery after 6 months, stenting of patent ductus arteriosus was performed. Repeated surgical interventions were accompanied by the improvement of the condition and the patients were discharged from the clinic in satisfactory condition.

Conclusions. PAA is one of the most complex congenital pathologies of the heart and main vessels, and therefore preservation of such a newborn depends on the preservation of patent ductus arteriosus. Endovascular surgery for PAA is the operation of choice that allows to prepare the patient for the next stage of treatment, including open-heart surgery. Endovascular interventions in PAA are minimally invasive, which increases the chances of patients with complicated anatomy to survive despite their serious condition on admission to the hospital.
AKADEMİK İYİMSERLİK VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ İLİŞKİSİNDE SOSYAL AYLAKLIĞIN ROLÜ
Authors: BATTAL Fetullah , SEYREK Emre
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı akademik iyimserlik, psikolojik iyi oluş ve sosyal aylaklık düzeylerinin arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın verileri Türkiye’nin doğusunda yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde halen görev yapmakta olan 226 akademik personelden online anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışma üç kısımda ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak akademik iyimserlik, psikolojik iyi oluş ve sosyal aylaklık kavramları açıklanmış ve ikinci bölümde ise bu kavramların birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Son kısımda ise elde edilen veriler orijinal SPSS 22.0 ve AMOS 25.0 paket programları yardımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda akademik iyimserlik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Akademik iyimserlik ile sosyal aylaklık arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki, psikolojik iyi oluş ile sosyal aylaklık arasında da yine negatif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulguların yanı sıra akademik iyimserlik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkide sosyal aylaklığın kısmı aracılık rolü bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
REPATRIATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TURKS AND SYRIANS LIVING IN ANKARA
Authors: CANTÜRK Safure , ERDOĞAN Zahide
Published: September 2022

With the events in Ankara Altındağ in August 2021, Syrians who have been in Turkey for more than ten years have pushed long-running debates concerning their return to the forefront. The purpose of this paper is to look at the pull and push factors that influence Syrians’ return intentions, as well as Turkish opinions and justifications for returning. Qualitative research method was used in the research and semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with ten Syrians and ten Turks residing in the Altındağ region of Ankara. The study’s findings indicate the link between return and structural variables in both Syria and Turkey. Security as a political factor in Syria is the leading push factor, while housing, education, work and living opportunities are social and economic structural factors. Living conditions in Turkey are the pull factor. Health problems emerged as an individual factor. While the views of the Turks about the return are mostly that they must definitely return, their justifications focus on cohesion rather than economic conditions. As a result, the conditions for a sustainable and successful return include the provision of reintegration conditions, and if a sustainable return cannot be achieved, re-migration to Turkey is likely.
Method Shift in Economic History: A Critical Approach to the New Economic History Movement
Authors: DEVELİ Erdem Selman
Published: September 2022

İktisat tarihinin kendi tarihini araştırmak, bu bilim dalında yaşanan dönüşümün ortaya konulabilmesi açısından son derece önemli bir konudur. Bu dönüşüm ise 20. yüzyılda meydana gelen iki önemli gelişme sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gelişmelerden birincisi, iktisat tarihi çalışmalarına nicel yöntemleri dâhil eden “Yeni İktisat Tarihi (Kliometri)” akımının, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmaya başlanmasıdır. İkincisi ise, Yeni İktisat Tarihi alanında çalışan Amerikalı iki iktisatçıya (Douglass C. North ve Robert W. Fogel) 1993 yılında Nobel Ekonomi Ödülü’nün verilmesidir. Bu iki gelişme sayesinde iktisat tarihi çalışmalarında giderek daha fazla nicel yöntemlerin kullanılması, aslında bu bilim dalının kendi araştırma yöntemlerinden uzaklaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Kendi araştırma yöntemlerinden giderek uzaklaşmanın sonucu ise iktisat tarihinin iktisat bilimine olan katkısının, sadece nicel yöntemler üzerinden değerlendirilme ihtimalidir. Böyle bir ihtimalin ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlayan bu makale, iktisat tarihi çalışmalarında önemli bir yöntem kayması olarak kabul edilen nicel yöntemlerin kullanılmasına ilişkin eleştirel bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.
Turkishness in Nihal Atsız’s Ideas and the Crossroads of the Nationalist Movement
Authors: RAVANOĞLU YILMAZ Sezen
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, etnisiteye dayalı Türk milliyetçiliğinin önemli figürlerinden olan Nihal Atsız’ın ırkçı-Turancı fikirleri çerçevesinde kavramsallaştırdığı Türkçülük ile 1965 sonrasında Alparslan Türkeş önderliğinde CKMP (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi)-MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi) çatısı altında idealize edilen ve kitleselleşmeyi arzulayan Türkçülük anlayışı arasındaki temel farklılıkları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Irkçı fikirlerini açıktan beyan etmekte hiçbir beis görmeyen tavrıyla hem yaşadığı dönemde hem de ölümünden sonra radikal milliyetçi gruplar tarafından her zaman sempati ile karşılanan Atsız’ın fikirleri ve yazıları Türk sağının ve Türk milliyetçiliğinin en radikal örneklerini sunar. Öyle ki, Atsız’ın düşüncelerinin radikal milliyetçilerin zihniyet kodlarındaki yansımasını bugün hala MHP’nin toplumsal tabanında görmek mümkündür. Öte yandan, Atsız’ın başını çektiği soy Türkçü grup ile 1970’lerin MHP’sini inşa eden kadroların arasındaki bir takım fikir ayrılıklarının, köktenci milliyetçiliğin Türkiye’deki seyrine damga vurduğu söylenebilir. Bu makale, bu iki kökten milliyetçi çizginin ayrı düştüğü konuları, İslam, Türkçülük, Kürt meselesi ve örgütsel yapılanma başlıkları altında incelemekte, bunu yaparken parti tabanında var olan zihniyet kalıplarından ziyade, partinin üst kadrolarının benimsediği söylem ve uyguladıkları pratikleri dikkate almaktadır. Dolayısıyla, MHP’nin kurumsallaşması ve kitleselleşmesi sürecinin ana aktörü olarak görebileceğimiz Alparslan Türkeş’in ve bu kurumsallaşmanın ideolojik altyapısının hazırlanmasında büyük rol oynayan Nihal Atsız’ın bahsi geçen bu dört mesele hakkındaki görüşlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Ölüm Korkusu ve Hasta Bakım Algıları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇAKMAK Betül , İNKAYA Bahar , ALTUNSOY Ayşenur
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaşadıkları ölüm korkusu ile hasta bakım algıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel, tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olup araştırmanın örneklemini, Ekim-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim gören 326 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, ‘Kişisel bilgi formu’, ‘Ölüm korkusu Ölçeği’ ve ‘Bakım Davranışları ölçeği-24’ kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüz yüze toplanmış olup form ve ölçeklerin doldurulması ortalama 15 dakika sürmüştür.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların çoğunun 280’inin (%85,9) kadın olduğu, 179’unun (%54,9) ölmekte olan hasta bakımı ile ilgili bilgi kaynaklarını okuduğunu, 245 öğrencinin (%75,2) çevresinde ölüm olgusuyla karşılaştığı, 306’sının (%93,9) yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya bakım verme deneyiminin olmadığı ve 175’inin (%53,7) ölümden korktuğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyete bağlı olarak kadınların hem ölüm korkusunun hem de yaşam sonu hasta bakımı hemşirelik algılarının, BDÖ-24 Ölçeği alt boyutlarından bağlılık ve saygılı olma alanlarında daha yüksek puan aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Yaşam sonu dönemde bir hastaya bakım verme deneyimi olmayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin, ölüm korkusu ve bakım davranışları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin hemşirelik bakım algıları yüksektir. Kadın öğrencilerin hem ölüm korkuları hem de hemşirelik bakımı algıları erkeklerden yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. Yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya bakım verme deneyimi olmayan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin daha fazla güvence verme algısına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin yaşam sonu dönemde olan hastaya güvence verme algılarının yüksek olması açık bir şekilde yaşam sonu hemşirelik bakımı konusunda yetersiz bilgiye sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle lisans eğitimi boyunca yaşam sonu dönem hasta bakımı ve ölüm korkusu konularında müfredatta daha fazla başlığın ve eğitim metodlarının yer almasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
An Investigation the Relationship of Vaginal Microbial Bacteria Species with Bacterial Vaginosis and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus
Authors: ÖNER Sedef Zeliha , KALELİ İlknur , KALELİ Babür
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study was aim to investigate the relationship of vaginal bacterial species with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV).Methods: One hundred and twenty-one women were included in the study. Gram stain was performed for the diagnosis of BV and evaluated according to the Nugent score. HR-HPV diagnosis was made by real-time PCR . Detection of vaginal microbial species and Gardnerella vaginalis subtypes were also performed by real-time PCR.Results: The prevalence of BV was found as 38.8%. The mean number of species was found significantly higher in BV-positive samples compared to BV-intermediate and BV-negative samples (p=0.001). Lactobacillus iners (p=0.036), BVAB2 (p=0.043), Provetella spp. (p=0.015), Leptotrichia/Sneathia (p=0.001), Megaspheara (p=0.048) were found to be associated with bacterial vaginosis. Gardnerella vaginalis subtypes were evaluated in 50 randomly selected samples. The most common strain that was found was “clade 4”. The prevalence of HR-HPV was 9.9%. HPV 16 was the most common HR-HPV type (58.3%). There was no significant difference between the mean value of Lactobacillus sp. HR-HPV-positive and negative samples (p=0.23). No association was found between the specified species and HR-HPV-positive samples (p=0.436).Conclusion: Bacterial diversity was greater in BV-positive patients and BV was significantly associated with Lactobacillus iners, Megaspheara, BVAB2, Provetella spp. and Leptotrichia / Sneathia.
Investigation of the Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in Patients with Suppressed Immune System
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Mehmet Tevfik , CÖMERT Medine , ÖZTÜRK Ali
Published: September 2022

Objective: Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are important agents causing diarrhea in developing and developed countries. If untreated, these agents may cause severe life-threatening diarrhea, especially in immunocompromised people and children. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis in the stool samples of immunocompromised patients who applied to Harran University Research and Application Hospital.
Methods: This study was carried out with a total of 100 patients with immunosuppression and diarrhea who were admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis antigens were investigated in stool samples of the patients by immunochromatographic (IC) method and oocyst, and cyst-trophozoite were examined with Native-Lugol and Kinyoun acid-fast staining.
Results: G. intestinalis was detected in eight (8%) patients. Seven of them (14%) were pediatric patients (n=50) and one (2%) was an adult female patient (n=50). Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 3 (3%) patients. Of these, two (4%) were children patients and one (2%) was an adult female patient. Our results also demonstrated that both Cryptosporidium and Giardia were more found in immunocompromised patients, especially in pediatric ones (4% and 14% respectively).
Conclusion: Although the cost of the IC method, which detects antigens in stool samples is high, it is easy to work with, provides early results and it also helps to overcome the difficulties in active diagnostic methods. Despite the limited number of investigated samples, our findings showed that the incidence of infections from these two parasites is higher than in other studies conducted in Turkey or European countries.
Legal Aspects of Corporate Governance in Russia
Authors: Orlov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

Corporate governance in Russia is subject to the present civil law provisions, contained in the Civil Code and laws regulating different forms of corporations, including companies, enacted in accordance with it, which concern governing bodies and decision-making procedures. The supreme governing body of the company is the general meeting of its participants, and the issues, which are within its exclusive authority, are enlisted in the law. A company must have an executive body that represents it. It may have also a collegiate executive body and a collegiate governing body for controlling the executive bodies. The members of the governing bodies are presupposed to act in good faith and reasonably, and they bear liability for negligence. The liability is personal as well as solidary (joint and several), but the persons who did not take part in the administration (or voted against) are not to bear liability. Characteristic for the liability of executives and representatives of company is, that their liability is to be realised simply at the moment when their duty to act in good faith and reasonably is violated. Keywords: Civil Law; Company; Governing Body; General Meeting; Decision- Making; Liability
The Access Conditions of the Natural Person to the Insolvency Procedure in Romania
Authors: Iancu Lavinia-Olivia
Published: September 2022

Since the beginning of 2020 in Romania, the COVID-19 pandemic has been exhibiting its negative effects. As expected, the hardest hit were the ordinary citizens who, overnight, awakened to reduced wages or downright joblessness. Moreover, the year 2021 has brought price increases in all areas, from basic foodstuffs to electricity, gas, fuels. The over-indebtedness of a large population of individuals has become the norm under the above conditions. The insolvency proceedings law for individuals seemed to be a solution for their over-indebtedness predicament, but we have found that this law is not performing at its true potential. In addition to a complex application form requested of the simple citizen, we contend that the access conditions to the insolvency procedure of the natural persons can be simplified and improved. Given the economic conditions in Romania, along with the reduction in the living standard, the legislator will have to give priority to the possible legislative solutions that will offer the indebted a fresh start. Keywords: Insolvence; Natural person; COVID-19
CO2 The Structural Conditions for the Expansion of COVID-19 in Peru
Authors: Lust Jan
Published: September 2022

Peru is one of the most affected and infected countries by COVID-19. The expansion of the virus could not be contained by lockdowns and states of emergency. The re-opening of the economy increased the expansion of COVID-19. We argue that the role of Peru in the international division of labor is not only the structural condition for the persistence of labor precariousness in the country, but also the principal cause for the expansion of COVID-19 in Peru. Labor precariousness and the expansion of COVID-19 are the expressions of the country’s economic and business structure. An economic structure heavily dependent on the non-tradable sectors and a business structure dominated by micro business undertakings, characterized by low productivity levels, do not permit the eradication of precarious labor conditions as economic growth hinges on economic progress abroad and precariousness is the source of profit of micro companies. The persistence of labor precariousness impedes the containment of COVID-19. Labor precariousness expressed in wages at the subsistence level and the lack of labor stability in the formal sector, in combination with the structural character of informality have been the catalysts for the expansion of the virus. We demonstrate that COVID-19 is not a democratic virus but a class virus. For Metropolitan Lima, districts with a more than average rate of informality have also a more than average rate of COVID-19 infections. The neoliberal development model has been responsible for the incapacity of the government to implement measures in accordance with the country’s social and economic structure that might have contained the expansion of COVID-19. This model is the expression of Peru’s function in the globalized world, the relation between this role and the country’s economic and business structure, the functionality of the extractive development model for the Peruvian State, and the correlation of class forces within and outside the state apparatuses. Keywords: Peru, COVID-19, labor precariousness, international division of labor, neoliberal development model
The role of highly toxigenic CagA and VacA strains of Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. Review
Authors: Nikulina L. M. , Solovyova G. A.
Published: September 2022

Gastric cancer takes the 4th place as the main cause of death among oncological diseases in the world. The risk factors of gastric cancer include genetic predisposition, alcohol abuse, smoking, low socio‑economic level, nutritional characteristics, Epstein–Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the only statistically proven risk factor for stomach cancer. Gastric cancer develops in less than 3 % of ­H. pylori ‑infected patients, suggesting a unique interaction between the host immune response and H. pylori virulence factors. Expression of oncogenic cytotoxin‑associated protein gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and outer membrane proteins is important for H. pylori in host pathogenesis. The paper gives consideration for the relationship between the virulence factors of H. pylori and the host, which is necessary for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of carcinogenesis. The strategy for the prevention of gastric cancer includes eradication therapy, but it is complicated by the growth of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Only insignificant number of papers investigate effects of pathogenicity factors of H. pylori (CagA+ and VacA+) on the development of atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. In the literature, there is little data on the difference in antibiotic resistance between H. pylori highly toxigenic and non‑toxigenic strains.
The aim of the article is to present current data on the impact of highly toxigenic CagA+VacA+ strains of H. pylori on the processes of gastric carcinogenesis and to determine their role in resistance to clarithromycin. Investigation of the relationship between highly toxigenic CagA and VacA strains with clinical and morphological manifestations of gastritis and antibiotic resistance will enable preventing the progression of precancerous changes and using effective treatment tactics.
Solitary pulmonary nodules: etiology, sizes and topographical features
Authors: Kuzovkova S.D. , Liskina I.V. , Zagaba L.M. , Melnik O.O.
Published: September 2022

Objective — determination of the size and localization of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) of various etiology and their qualitative-quantitative characteristics when separated into malignant and benign formations.

Materials and methods. The randomized retrospective study involved 422 patients who were hospitalized in the National Institute of phthisiology and pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky from 2017 to 2021. Criteria for inclusion in the study group are focal lesions of the lungs of unclear etiology, the size of which did not exceed 3,0 cm, and the presence of no more than 3 foci in both lungs of one patient according to X-ray examination. The number, size and location of the SPN were determined according to X-ray examination or computed tomography of the chest organs.. A total of 473 nodules were found. The etiology of SPN was determined according to the results of histological and cytological examination of biopsy or operative material and/or microbiolo­gical data. All nodules were divided into three groups, depending on their size.

Results and discussion. The etiological spectrum of all revealed SPN in the five-year period is determined. It was established that among all SPN malignant tumors (39.1 %) are dominated the average size of which was (2.14 ± 0.1) cm, on the second place in the number of observations were nodules of infectious origin (31.0 %), the average size — (1.97 ± 0.1) cm, and on the third — benign tumors (18.7 %). the average size — (1.57 ± 0.1) cm. The average size of malignant tumors and SPN of infectious origin was significantly larger than the size of benign tumors and vascular formations. It was shown that in a group with SPN sizes 0.3—1.0 cm malignant tumors amounted to 22.9 %. and in a group with a size from 2.1 to 3.0 cm — 51.5 %, respectively 55.3 % of all SPNs were found in the right lung, 44.7 % in the left. In the upper lobe of the right lung. 52.3 % of nodules were found. which is significantly more than in middle. 16.0 % of SPN (p < 0.001), and the lower lobe — 31.7 % (p < 0.001). In the upper lobe of the left lung. 59.4 % of SPN were diagnosed, and in its lower lobe — 40.6 % (p < 0.001).

Conclusions. Among all solitary pulmonary nodules of various etiology. the largest specific gravity have malignant nodes — 39.1 % and nodules of infectious genesis — 31.0 %. and the average size of these SPN is essentially larger than the size of benign tumors and vascular formations. The percentage of malignancies increases from 22.9 to 51.4 % with an increase sizes of SPN from 1.0 to 3.0 cm. Significant predominance by the number of nodules in size from 1.1 cm to 3 cm is evidence of improper level of detection SPN in Ukraine. Solitary pulmonary nodes are significantly more often found in the right lung. Moreover, lesions of the upper lobes of the right and left lungs are observed more often than the lower lobes of the lungs.
Sharing Knowledge and Creating Community: A Self-Determination Theory (SDT) Perspective
Authors: Nurcahyanti Febriani Wahyusari
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to develop previous findings in the form of building communities with insignificant innovations that can be mediated by knowledge-sharing variables. The sample used in this study were 105 owners of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta which was collected through research questionnaires. The research method used is the quantitative method. Data were collected and analyzed using PLS. The results of the study indicate that the concept of knowledge sharing can increase the innovation of SMEs. With the view of the theory of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) means the illustrated model for self-determination motivation. SDT describes the externally controlled motivators provided by the organization, described resources which include assets, capital, finance, human resources, and so on.
ANALYSIS OF DETERMINING RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY BY APPLYING THE MRP METHOD
Authors: Widodo Arifin Puji , Lestari Safrida Sugi
Published: September 2022

This research aims to analyze the effective and efficient lot sizing method for determining raw material requirements in implementing MRP. The research stages are through testing 3 lot sizing methods namely LFL, EOQ, and POQ. The initial stage of data processing is in the form of a MPS obtained from demand recap data and BOM which are components of the product as input. The next step is the MRP process, namely the netting process, the lotting process, the offsetting process, and the explosion process. This stage is in the form of a MRP matrix in tabular form. The next step is to enter the inventory cost calculation process for each method consisting of the storage cost of each component per period and the ordering cost per message. Calculations are carried out for each method to determine the amount of absorption of inventory costs from each method. The results show that the LFL method absorbs inventory costs of Rp.240,000,000, the EOQ method absorbs inventory costs of Rp.251,503,100 and the POQ method absorbs inventory costs of Rp.261,027,683. In this case, LFL has the lowest absorption of inventory costs, according to the current state of the company, does not leave inventory, and is easy to implement for the company. The study results concluded that the most effective and efficient method is LFL according to the current state of the company, does not leave inventory, and is easy to implement for the company. The study results concluded that the most effective and efficient method is LFL according to the current state of the company, does not leave inventory, and is easy to implement for the company. The study results concluded that the most effective and efficient method is LFL
Prevalence of blaIMP-1 among P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with burn infections
Authors: Alghreri Ansam Adnan Ahmed , Alsaadi Kawkab Abdalla , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein O.M.
Published: September 2022

Carbapenems are often used as antibiotics for treating infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of health care issues associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of carbapenemase gene blaIMP-1 that is produced by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from burn infection patients. A total of 137 burn swabs were collected from burn patients in different hospitals in Babylon province from December 2021 to April 2022. All of the swabs were streaked on selective media cetrimide agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed for Imipenem and meropenem and polymerase chain reaction for species specific 16S rDNA gene and blaIMP-1 gene was done for all isolates. 50 isolates were confirmed by amplicon of species-specific 16S rDNA for P. aeruginosa. Results of antibiotic susceptibility for imipenem and meropenem revealed that 5/50 (10%) and 13/50(26%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. Co-susceptibility (co-resistance or co-sensitive) for both imipenem and meropenem results showed 5/50 (10%) display resistance for both imipenem and meropenem, 8/50(16%) display resistance for only meropenem while 37/50(74%) sensitive for both and none was resistant to imipenem and sensitive for meropenem. Phenotypic detection of Metallo-β-lactamase gave inverse result while the Mean±SD of inhibition zone (mm) for imipenem disc (10μg) =29.34±7.11 and for imipenem+EDTA (10 μg+750 μg) =21.8±4.98. Investigation of blaIMP-1 gene revealed that 23/50 (46%) have blaIMP-1 while 18/50 (36%) were sensitive for imipenem and meropenem but have blaIMP-1.  The current study concludes the possibility of the presence of resistance gene among phenotypically sensitive isolates pushing great threat of antibiotic misuse and leaving the infection untreated.
El zapallito de tronco: Un cultivo precolombino presente en el Cinturón Hortícola de La Plata (Argentina)
Authors: Martinez Analía
Published: September 2022

Introducción y Objetivos. El cinturón hortícola de La Plata es una de las regiones productivas más importantes de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Está formado por grandes productores que abastecen a distintas regiones del país, así como también por un núcleo de productores familiares no capitalizados que se dedican a la venta de sus productos en ferias y mercados de la ciudad. Entre sus productos típicos el zapallito de tronco (Cucurbita maxima subsp. maxima var. zapallito) es una hortaliza regional que se destaca por ser muy utilizada para la preparación de diversas comidas. El objetivo de este trabajo es relevar el conocimiento botánico local (CBL) de las familias productoras de La Plata, con el fin de contribuir al mantenimiento de esta variedad que guarda importancia cultural y regional. 
Materiales y Métodos. Desde una metodología de tipo etnobótanica se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones directas a dieciséis informantes claves de la región, quienes caracterizaron experiencias, prácticas e historias del manejo del zapallito en la ciudad. 
Resultados. Las familias productoras de zapallito de tronco elijen cultivar esta hortaliza por su rentabilidad, bajo costo y tradición local. Los pequeños productores, en su mayoría de nacionalidad boliviana, han logrado adaptarse a las condiciones ambientales de un escenario distinto para ellos y con los recursos que cuentan aprendieron a responder a los requerimientos hortícolas de la región.
Conclusiones. Es mediante el conjunto de saberes y prácticas que realizan los productores (CBL) que se contribuye a mantener el cultivo del zapallito de tronco en la región.
Tension Band Wiring of Patella Fractures: Mid-Term Radiological and Clinical Results
Authors: YAPİCİ Furkan , GÜR Volkan , SUBAŞI İzzet Özay , KARAKÖSE Reşit , KOÇKARA Nizamettin
Published: September 2022

Objective: We aimed to share our radiological and clinical results with a mid-term follow-up on patella fractures treated with tension band wiring (TBW).

Methods: Patients surgically treated with TBW for AO type 34-A1/C1/C2/C3 patella fractures between January 2013 and June 2021 at a level 1 trauma center were included. For radiological evaluation, radiographs obtained at the routine follow-up were analyzed for complications (such as nonunion, malunion, loss of reduction, malreduction, patella baja, elongated patella, implant failure), Insall-Salvati Index (ISI), and Patellar Morphology Ratio (PMR). The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) was utilized for functional evaluation, which includes five subscales: pain, symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), sports/recreation, and quality of life (QOL). The clinical assessment also included the range of motion (ROM), thigh circumference (TC), and complications such as implant irritation (II).

Results: This study reviewed 42 eligible patients (10 females, 32 males) with a mean age of 42.6 ± 16.1 years and a mean follow-up of 35.4 ± 24.1 months. There were 28 patients (66.7%) with at least one complication (II: 66.7%, flexion deficit: 61.9%, malunion: 40.5%, elongated patella/patella baja: 16.7%). The reoperation rate was high at 69.1% due to the high implant removal rate for II. There were statistically significant differences between injured (I) and uninjured contralateral healthy knees (UI) in terms of mean KOOS subscale scores (symptoms: I: 72.3, UI: 89.8; pain: I: 70.4, UI: 89.4; ADL : I: 72.1, UI: 90; sports: I: 61.4, UI: 84.8; QOL: I: 67.9, UI: 86.2), mean flexion degrees (I: 126.2°, UI: 135.4°), mean ISI (I: 0.9, UI: 1.0), and mean PMR (I: 1.5, UI: 1.4) (all p < 0.01). There was no difference in mean extension degrees and TC (all p > 0.05). All fractures achieved union.

Conclusion: Firstly, the mid-term clinical results of patellar fractures treated with TBW were significantly worse than the contralateral healthy knee; secondly, implant irritation, knee flexion deficit, malunion, and patella baja were the significant complications, and efforts should be made to manage these problems; thirdly, patellar fractures are susceptible to developing interesting cases of the elongated patella.
Secondary cystic adenomyosis in a young woman: a case report
Authors: Li Hong-Xuan , Song Ke-Juan , Xia Nan-Nan , Ji Xiao-Yu , Sui Lei , Yao Qin
Published: September 2022

Background: Cystic adenomyosis (CA) is a rare form of adenomyosis. Case: We present for the first time secondary CA in a young woman with increased menstrual volume as the main clinical manifestation. A 23-year-old woman with a history of two uterine surgeries was hospitalized with increased menstrual flow volume and no dysmenorrhea or other discomfort. Ultrasound resulted in misdiagnosis as myoma of the uterus. She underwent laparoscopic surgery for adenomyoma excision with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) placement. During surgery, the lesions were completely removed under ultrasound guidance, and a specimen bag was used to reduce residual lesions in the abdominal cavity. She was postoperative treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a). Surgical findings and postoperative pathology confirmed CA. She has been followed up for 2 years without recurrence. Conclusions: A CA diagnosis should be considered for clinical manifestations of increased menstrual volume and dysmenorrhea in young patients with previous uterine surgery histories. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very important for CA diagnosis. Conservative surgery along with GnRH-a and LNG-IUS therapy can effectively prevent recurrence.
Endometrial Polyps: Update Overview on Etiology, Diagnosis, Natural History and Treatment
Authors: Vieira Mariana De Cunha , Vitagliano Amerigo , Rossette Mariana Costa , Neto Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque , Gallo Alessandra , Sardo Attilio Di Spiezio
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To provide an updated literature overview about the pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis and treatment of endometrial polyps (EPs). Findings in Brief: EPs are focal, sessile or pedunculated projections of endometrial lining, resulting from the hyperplastic overgrowths of endometrial glands and stroma around a vascular core. These are the most common intrauterine diseases, affecting up to 34.9% of the women during their lifetime. EPs may vary in size, location, histopathology, natural history and clinical presentation. Importantly, EPs are common in women suffering with infertility (i.e., up to 32% in patients undergoing in-vitro-fertilization) and are not exempt from risk of malignant transformation (occurring in about 3.1% of patients). For these reasons, EPs represent one of the most significant gynaecological problems worldwide. Trans-vaginal ultrasound has fair diagnostic accuracy for EPs, with sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 90%, respectively. Nevertheless, the current gold standard for EPs diagnosis is hysteroscopy, which allows a direct visualization of EPs size and morphology. Moreover, this technique enables safe EPs excision, with a low risk of incomplete tissue removal (about 1.9% and 4.3% in inpatient and outpatient settings, respectively), and variable recurrence rate based on individual risk factors (ranging between 2.5% and 43.6%). Besides hysteroscopy, other management options for EPs can be considered on a case by case basis. Conclusions: Our review may be helpful for updating clinicians’ knowledge on the management of EPs.