bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bleached Verbs as Aspectual Auxiliaries in Colloquial Modern Hebrew and Arabic Dialects
Authors: Gamliel Ophira , Mar’i Abed al-Rahman
Published: November 2015

Verbal inflections in Classical Hebrew and Arabic encode aspectual information such as perfective and imperfective. In modern Arabic dialects, an aspectual system has evolved through the auxiliary usage of bleached verbs, replacing the older system of aspectual inflections. Arguably, a similar process in which bleached verbs acquire aspectual use is now evolving in Colloquial Modern Hebrew. The article discusses the functions of the bleached verbs ‘sit’ and ‘come’ in Colloquial Modern Hebrew and Arabic.
Substrate Sources and Internal Evolution of Prescriptively Unwarranted Comitative Complements in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Neuman Yishai
Published: November 2015

Modern Hebrew usage of the preposition עִם ʿim ‘with’ displays syntactic and semantic features which are either non-existent or extremely rare in Classical Hebrew, among which are the instrumental and the possessive. These new features correspond to universal tendencies in language evolution and seem to have prevailed in several substrate languages of Modern Hebrew, including Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish. Until recently, they had characterized mostly colloquial Hebrew, whereas written Hebrew had conformed to Classical Hebrew. In recent years, however, social change has brought about the integration of colloquial Hebrew and written Hebrew, which has led to a decrease in the latter’s resemblance to Classical Hebrew. Normative linguists have been speaking out against the phenomenon of “misplaced ʿim.” This article is a brief account of some Hebrew ‘with’ structures, considered typologically through diachronic analysis and synchronic description of the socially-stirred interplay between colloquial and standard written Hebrew.
The Nature and Diachrony of Hebrew Quality Pseudo-Partitives: Are They a Calque from the Contact Languages?
Authors: Shatil Nimrod
Published: November 2015

The article discusses the syntactic, semantic, prosodic, and sociolinguistic features of the contemporary Hebrew construction of the type ‘a beauty of a girl,’ in general N1of N2, known asquality pseudo-partitive(also asbinominal noun-phrase). In this construction, N1is a nominalized adjective and N2is the head. Semantically the syntagm is evaluative, either positively or negatively. The article examines the claim that the construction, first documented in 1928, emerged as an internally caused change, and concludes from the evidence that the construction was calqued from contact languages (English, French, German, Yiddish, and Judeo-Spanish).
Inheritance and Slavic Contact in the Polysemy of bixlal
Authors: Tsirkin-Sadan Avigail
Published: November 2015

This article provides a brief diachronic view of the way the Modern Hebrew adverb בכלל bixlal came to acquire multiple meanings and functions, through a combination of inheritance from Classical Hebrew uses and language contact with the Slavic languages during the period of Hebrew Revival. The path of this development corresponds to regular changes documented in other languages.
Characterizing the Hadley Circulation Response through Regional Climate Feedbacks
Authors: Feldl N. , Bordoni S.
Published: November 2015

The robust weakening of the tropical atmospheric circulation in projections of anthropogenic warming is associated with substantial changes in regional and global climate. The present study focuses on understanding the response of the annual-mean Hadley circulation from a perspective of interactions between climate feedbacks and tropical circulation. Simulations from an ensemble of coupled ocean–atmosphere models are used to quantify changes in Hadley cell strength in terms of feedbacks, radiative forcing, ocean heat uptake, atmospheric eddies, and gross moist stability. Climate feedbacks are calculated for the model integrations from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) using radiative kernels. Tropical mean circulation is found to be reduced by up to 2.6% K−1 for an abrupt quadrupling of carbon dioxide concentration. The weakening is characterized by an increase in gross moist stability, by an increase in eddy heat flux, and by positive extratropical feedbacks, such as those associated with lapse rate and sea ice response. Understanding the impact of radiative feedbacks on the large-scale circulation provides a framework for constraining uncertainty in the dynamic climate response, including the hydrological cycle.
Assessment of a Nonlinear Ensemble Transform Filter for High-Dimensional Data Assimilation
Authors: Tödter Julian , Kirchgessner Paul , Nerger Lars , Ahrens Bodo
Published: November 2015

This work assesses the large-scale applicability of the recently proposed nonlinear ensemble transform filter (NETF) in data assimilation experiments with the NEMO ocean general circulation model. The new filter constitutes a second-order exact approximation to fully nonlinear particle filtering. Thus, it relaxes the Gaussian assumption contained in ensemble Kalman filters. The NETF applies an update step similar to the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), which allows for efficient and simple implementation. Here, simulated observations are assimilated into a simplified ocean configuration that exhibits globally high-dimensional dynamics with a chaotic mesoscale flow. The model climatology is used to initialize an ensemble of 120 members. The number of observations in each local filter update is of the same order resulting from the use of a realistic oceanic observation scenario. Here, an importance sampling particle filter (PF) would require at least 106 members. Despite the relatively small ensemble size, the NETF remains stable and converges to the truth. In this setup, the NETF achieves at least the performance of the LETKF. However, it requires a longer spinup period because the algorithm only relies on the particle weights at the analysis time. These findings show that the NETF can successfully deal with a large-scale assimilation problem in which the local observation dimension is of the same order as the ensemble size. Thus, the second-order exact NETF does not suffer from the PF’s curse of dimensionality, even in a deterministic system.
Surgeon Awareness of Operating Room Supply Costs
Authors: Jackson Christopher R. , Eavey Roland D. , Francis David O.
Published: November 2015

Background:

The extent to which surgeons understand costs associated with expensive operative procedures remains unclear. The goal of the study was to better understand surgeon cost awareness of operating room supplies and implants.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of faculty (n = 24) and trainees (fellow and residents, n = 27) in the Department of Otolaryngology. Participants completed surveys to assess opinions on importance of cost and ease in accessing cost data and were asked to estimate the costs of operating room (OR) supplies and implants. Estimates within 20% of actual cost were considered correct. Analyses were stratified into faculty and trainee surgeons.

Results:

Cost estimates varied widely, with a low percentage of correct estimations (25% for faculty, 12% for trainees). Surgeons tended to underestimate the cost of high-cost items (55%) and overestimate the cost of low-cost items (77%). Attending surgeons were more accurate at correctly estimating costs within their own subspecialty (33% vs 16%, P < .001). Self-rated cost knowledge and years in practice did not correlate with cost accuracy ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

A majority of surgeons were unable to correctly estimate the costs of items/implants used in their OR. An opportunity exists to improve the mechanisms by which cost data are fed back to physicians to help promote value-based decision making.
Enchanting Work: New Spirits of Service Work in an Organic Supermarket
Authors: Endrissat Nada , Islam Gazi , Noppeney Claus
Published: November 2015

Drawing from a qualitative, empirical study of work experiences in a North American organic supermarket, we introduce the notion of ‘enchanting work’, a polyvalent concept referring to the aura found in certain forms of service work in contrast to the disenchantment commonly associated with it. Enchanting work, because of its unique stance vis-a-vis workplace critique and commitment, can inform the study of work by moving beyond the dichotomy of meaningful versus alienated work. Our findings show how enchanting work can be found on three different levels to (1) infuse otherwise mundane work processes with meaning, (2) obscure organizational control mechanisms and divert attention from precarious work conditions, and (3) recruit the participation of workers for creating an enchanted workplace. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding contemporary worlds of work and explore both the emancipatory and ideological ramifications of enchanting work.
Clinical Consensus Statement
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Stringer Scott P. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Archer Sanford M. , Baker Dole P. , Brown Seth M. , Edelstein David R. , Gray Stacey T. , Lian Timothy S. , Ross Erin J. , Seiden Allen M. , Setzen Michael , Tollefson Travis T. , Ward P. Daniel , Welch Kevin C. , Wise Sarah K. , Nnacheta Lorraine C.
Published: November 2015

Objective

To develop a clinical consensus statement on septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction.

Methods

An expert panel of otolaryngologists with no relevant conflicts of interest was assembled to represent general otolaryngology and relevant subspecialty societies. A working definition of septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction and the scope of pertinent otolaryngologic practice were first established. Patients 18 years and older were defined as the targeted population of interest. A modified Delphi method was then used to distill expert opinion into clinical statements that met a standardized definition of consensus.

Results

The group defined nasal septoplasty as a surgical procedure designed to correct a deviated nasal septum for the purpose of improving nasal function, form, or both. After 2 iterative Delphi method surveys, 20 statements met the standardized definition of consensus, while 13 statements did not. The clinical statements were grouped into 8 categories for presentation and discussion: (1) definition and diagnosis, (2) imaging studies, (3) medical management prior to septoplasty, (4) perioperative management, (5) surgical considerations, (6) adjuvant procedures, (7) postoperative care, and (8) outcomes.

Conclusion

This clinical consensus statement was developed by and for otolaryngologists and is intended to promote appropriate and, when possible, evidence‐based care for patients undergoing septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction. A complete definition of septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction was first developed, and additional statements were subsequently produced and evaluated addressing diagnosis, medical management prior to septoplasty, and surgical considerations, as well as the appropriate role of perioperative, postoperative, and adjuvant procedures, in addition to outcomes. Additionally, a series of clinical statements were developed, such as “Computed tomography scan may not accurately demonstrate the degree of septal deviation,” “Septoplasty can assist delivery of intranasal medications to the nasal cavity,” “Endoscopy can be used to improve visualization of posterior‐based septal deviation during septoplasty,” and “Quilting sutures can obviate the need for nasal packing after septoplasty.” It is anticipated that the application of these principles will result in decreased variations in the care of septoplasty patients and an increase in the quality of care.
Conquest, Natives, and Forest: How Did the Mapuches Succeed in Halting the Spanish Invasion of Their Land (1540–1553, Chile)?
Authors: Clément Vincent
Published: November 2015

The paper offers new explanations on the causes of the Mapuches’ success in resisting the invasion of their land in the time of Pedro de Valdivia. It is has been accepted the Spaniards were unable to subdue the Mapuches on account of their low level of social organization. Because of such a widespread view, other factors have been neglected. The Spaniards undertook the conquest while knowing almost nothing about the natives and their country. Far from being inexperienced in warfare, the Mapuches were well organized in wartime. Their success was heavily based on their prowess in using the forest environment to fight against the Spaniards.
Infant respiratory infections and later respiratory hospitalisation in childhood
Authors: Moore Hannah C. , Hall Graham L. , de Klerk Nicholas
Published: November 2015

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) cause significant morbidity in infancy. We sought to quantify the relationship between ARI and development of respiratory morbidity in early childhood.

Population-based longitudinal hospitalisation data were linked to perinatal, birth and death records for 145 580 Western Australian children from 1997 to 2002. We conducted Cox regression with sensitivity analyses to quantify the risk of recurrent ARI in infancy for respiratory hospitalisation after the age of 3 years.

ARI in infancy was significantly related to respiratory hospitalisation before (hazard ratio (HR) 3.5, 95% CI 3.1–3.8) and after (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.6–3.4) adjusting for known risk factors including maternal smoking during pregnancy, season of birth, delivery mode and gestational age. We noted a dose response with the number and length of infant ARI hospitalisations and increasing risk with no effect modification by gestational age. Results were similar when later respiratory hospitalisations were restricted to asthma hospitalisations only.

Recurrent hospitalisations for ARI in infancy significantly increase the risk of respiratory morbidity and asthma requiring hospitalisation after the age of 3 years in a dose-response fashion. The increase in relative risk is not modified by gestational age. Efforts to reduce the occurrence of infant ARI are likely to have significant public health benefits.
Growth trajectories in the cave bear and its extant relatives: an examination of ontogenetic patterns in phylogeny
Authors: Fuchs Manuela , Geiger Madeleine , Stange Madlen , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: November 2015

Background

The study of postnatal ontogeny can provide insights into evolution by offering an understanding of how growth trajectories have evolved resulting in adult morphological disparity. TheUrsuslineage is a good subject for studying cranial and mandibular shape and size variation in relation to postnatal ontogeny and phylogeny because it is at the same time not diverse but the species exhibit different feeding ecologies. Cranial and mandibular shapes ofUrsus arctos(brown bear),U. maritimus(polar bear),U. americanus(American black bear), and the extinctU. spelaeus(cave bear) were examined, using a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach. Additionally, ontogenetic series of crania and mandibles ofU. arctosandU. spelaeusranging from newborns to senile age were sampled.

Results

The distribution of specimens in morphospace allowed to distinguish species and age classes and the ontogenetic trajectoriesU. arctosandU. spelaeuswere found to be more similar than expected by chance. Cranial shape changes during ontogeny are largely size related whereas the evolution of cranial shape disparity in this clade appears to be more influenced by dietary adaptation than by size and phylogeny. The different feeding ecologies are reflected in different cranial and mandibular shapes among species.

Conclusions

The cranial and mandibular shape disparity in theUrsuslineage appears to be more influenced by adaptation to diet than by size or phylogeny. In contrast, the cranial and mandibular shape changes during postnatal ontogeny inU. arctosandU. spelaeusare probably largely size related. The patterns of morphospace occupation of the cranium and the mandible in adults and through ontogeny are different.
How to understand the results of studies of glutamine supplementation
Authors: Wernerman Jan
Published: November 2015

The lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind possible beneficial and possible harmful effects of glutamine supplementation makes the design of interventional studies of glutamine supplementations difficult, perhaps even hazardous. What is the interventional target, and how might it relate to outcomes? Taking one step further and aggregating results from interventional studies into meta-analyses does not diminish the difficulties. Therefore, conducting basic research seems to be a better idea than groping in the dark and exposing patients to potential harm in this darkness.
Interchangeability and comparative effectiveness between generic and brand montelukast immediate release tablets after a single oral administration in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zaid Abdel Naser , Mousa Ayman , Ghazal Nadia , Bustami Rana
Published: November 2015

Background

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. The release of leukotrienes causes narrowing and constricting in the respiratory airways. Blocking the action of these leukotrienes, montelukast can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interchangeability and comparative effectiveness between a generic and a brand montelukast 10 mg immediate release tablets (Broncast® and Singulair®, respectively) after a single oral dose among Arab Mediterranean volunteers.

Methods

An open‐label, randomized two‐period crossover bioequivalence design was conducted in 31 healthy male volunteers with a 1 week washout between each study period and under fasting conditions. The plasma drug concentration was assessed by using a previously validated LC MS/MS method. The ratio between the generic and brand of geometric least squares means was reported for both generic and brand products. Moreover, an in vitro dissolution study was conducted on generic and brand tablets using three different pH media, and similarity and non‐similarity factors (f2 and f1) were calculated.

Results

The used bioanalytical method was found to be linear within the range 6.098–365.855 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was close to 0.999 during the course of the study validation. Statistical comparison of the main pharmacokinetic parameters showed the inexistence of any significant difference between generic and the brand. The point estimates (ratios of geometric means) were 111.939, 111.711, and 112.169 % for AUC0–24, AUC0–∞, and Cmax, respectively. The 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) were within the pre‐defined limits of 80.00–125.00 % as specified by the FDA and EMA for bioequivalence studies. F2 and f1 were higher than 50 and lower than 15, respectively in all selected pH media.

Conclusion

Broncast® immediate release film coated tablets (10 mg/tablet) are bioequivalent to Singulair® immediate release film coated tablets (10 mg/tablet), with a comparable safety and efficacy profile. This suggests that these two formulations can be clinically considered interchangeable. The dissolution study suggests that it could be used as premarketing quality control parameter in order to maintain the high quality of the produced product.
Editorial: IFN-β immunomodulation: a tail of two STATS
Authors: Rohowsky-Kochan Christine , Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia
Published: November 2015

Discussion of how IFNβ modulates immune responses mediated through STATs-1 and -2.
The Supreme Court and deprivation of liberty: where are we now?
Authors: Brindle Nick
Published: November 2015

Deciding on where the tipping point between restrictions and deprivation arises in care settings has important legal implications, but until recently case law has not much helped to resolve these challenging issues. An important milestone has been the Supreme Court judgment in the so-called Cheshire West case. This judgment, handed down in March 2014, set a low threshold to apply (the ‘acid test’) in deciding when someone may be being deprived of their liberty and therefore that additional legal authorisation is required. The application of the acid test is not straightforward and its effects are wide-ranging. In this article, I discuss the evolution of the concept of deprivation of liberty in health and social care, the implications of the judgment and the application of the acid test. I also briefly highlight the interface between the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 1983.
CBT: helping work out why you feel as you do (formulation)
Authors: Colvin Lucie , Williams Christopher
Published: November 2015

Cognitive—behavioural therapy (CBT) provides a structure to inform safe and effective practice. It can be helpful for understanding and working with patients, but it can have a wider potential benefit, offering clinicians and teams a self-reflective approach to how they respond to the challenge of working in busy clinical and managerial environments.
From the Editor's desk
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep
Published: November 2015

Is medical illness a myth?

The National Institute of Health's (NIH's) emphasis on mental illness as
a brain disorder has transformed psychiatric research and attitudes
towards mental illness. Despite the departure of the Director of the
National Institute of Mental Health, Thomas Insel, to join Google Life
Sciences (http://www.nih.gov/about/director/09152015_statement_insel.htm),
the move away from symptom-based diagnoses in favour of more
neuroscientific rationales for diagnosis is necessary and likely to be
sustained. The absence of demonstrable organic pathology in mental
illnesses motivated the NIH programmes, yet essentially all behaviours
and adaptations to context will have physiological correlates; Google and
other software and technology companies may well offer better and more
powerful methods for assessing pathophysiology and making diagnoses in
the future. Such shifts in diagnostic practice require much disciplined
research, and seem to not obviate the need for compassionate, caring and
emotionally intelligent clinicians who are able to contain and negotiate
meanings and experiences, and transform conversations and care packages
to positive outcomes for patients.
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental
health-related stigma and discrimination in the medium and long term:
Systematic review
Authors: Mehta N. , Clement S. , Marcus E. , Stona A.-C. , Bezborodovs N. , Evans-Lacko S. , Palacios J. , Docherty M. , Barley E. , Rose D. , Koschorke M. , Shidhaye R. , Henderson C. , Thornicroft G.
Published: November 2015

Background

Most research on interventions to counter stigma and discrimination has
focused on short-term outcomes and has been conducted in high-income
settings.

Aims

To synthesise what is known globally about effective interventions to
reduce mental illness-based stigma and discrimination, in relation first
to effectiveness in the medium and long term (minimum 4 weeks), and
second to interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Method

We searched six databases from 1980 to 2013 and conducted a
multi-language Google search for quantitative studies addressing the
research questions. Effect sizes were calculated from eligible studies
where possible, and narrative syntheses conducted. Subgroup analysis
compared interventions with and without social contact.

Results

Eighty studies (n = 422 653) were included in the
review. For studies with medium or long-term follow-up (72, of which 21
had calculable effect sizes) median standardised mean differences were
0.54 for knowledge and −0.26 for stigmatising attitudes. Those containing
social contact (direct or indirect) were not more effective than those
without. The 11 LMIC studies were all from middle-income countries.
Effect sizes were rarely calculable for behavioural outcomes or in LMIC
studies.

Conclusions

There is modest evidence for the effectiveness of anti-stigma
interventions beyond 4 weeks follow-up in terms of increasing knowledge
and reducing stigmatising attitudes. Evidence does not support the view
that social contact is the more effective type of intervention for
improving attitudes in the medium to long term. Methodologically strong
research is needed on which to base decisions on investment in
stigma-reducing interventions.
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: No recovery without suicide prevention
Authors: Foster Tom
Published: November 2015

Suicide prevention for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder warrants an evidence-based approach to service design as well as clinical practice. The issue of personal responsibility (diminished when mental capacity is impaired) contributing to reduction of suicide risk has, arguably, been neglected.
Old age psychiatry in the modern age
Authors: Warner James P.
Published: November 2015

Old age psychiatry services globally are under threat. The discipline
enjoyed its heyday in the two decades bridging the millennium. More recently
there has been a move to integrate old age services with those of working
age adults, to create ‘ageless' services. Evidence is beginning to
accumulate that this is a bad idea.
Case Report: Microsurgical excision of grade 5 cerebral AVM
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Bhattarai Binod , Cherian Iype
Published: November 2015

In this case report, we discuss the microsurgical management of a Spetzler-Martin grade 5 arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a young boy who presented with a hemorrhagic episode and had a high calculated risk of rebleeding. We also outline the rationale for choosing the management option.
The Semantics of the Common Cultural Values of the Russian
Authors: Усольцев  , Usoltsev D.
Published: November 2015

The article considers the concept of “the common cultural values” and reveals

its essence in the philosophical term as the longstanding experience

and the result of human activity. It illuminates the significance of the historical

events.
Semiotics Approaches in Processes of Visual and Advertising Communications
Authors: Бердичевский  , Berdichevskiy E.
Published: November 2015

In article semiotics basics of process of development of visual and advertizing

communications are covered. Concepts of a sign, a symbol, a code

are concretized. Types of coding and decoding are analyzed. The new version

of tables of emotional characteristics of lines and elementary figures

is offered. Schematic diagrams of vizualyalny communication in relation to

advertizing communication are considered. The technique of creation of an

advertizing logo on the basis of semantic and semiotics fields, a design key

and decoding from it various options is offered. The example of concrete

development is presented.
LINEAR INTEGRAL VOLTERRA EQUATION OF THE FIRST KIND IN THE BANACH SPACE
Authors: Зенина  , Zenina V. , Сапронов  , Sapronov Ivan , Уточкина  , Utochkina Elena
Published: November 2015

We construct solutions to a singular Volterra integral equation of the first kind with а polynomial kernel in the space of integrable functions whose values be-long to a Banach space.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICAL ESCORT OF STUDENTS AT THE STAGE OF AD-APTATION TO HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Сапронов  , Sapronov Ivan , Уточкина  , Utochkina Elena , Трубецких  , Trubetskikh G.
Published: November 2015

In article need of the organization of psychology and pedagogical escort of students at a stage of adaptation to higher education institution, introductions of innovative ways of educational process, forms of pedagogical control in higher ed-ucation institution and high school is proved.
THE PROGRAM OF EXERCISES IN THE WATER TO STRENGTHEN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Authors: Волкова  , Volkova Elena , Григорьева  , Grigoreva Iya , Власов  , Vlasov I
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the health benefits of training on the water, as well as targeted training stages of the cardiovascular system.
TOWARDS THE CREATION OF ADHESIVE JOINTS EXTRA STRENGTH
Authors: Попов  , Popov Viktor , Новиков  , Novikov A
Published: November 2015

The effect magnitoultrazvukovogo field on the structure of poly-dimensional adhesive. Due to the ordered structure of adhesive glue joints based on it have in-creased durability.
TOOLS FOR PREVENTION AND FIGHTING FOREST FIRES
Authors: Ступников  , Stupnikov D
Published: November 2015

Describes the design of promising tools for extinguishing surface fires and maintenance work on laying the fire and podgovleniyu mineralized strips.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE REPAIR OF ENGINES IN PRODUCING TECHNICAL-TIVELY EMERGENCY CENTER IN VORONEZH
Authors: Ожиганов  , Ozhiganov Aleksey
Published: November 2015

The article describes the product ion of auto repair PTB Emergency Center of Voronezh and ways of reconstruction of engines repair Manufacturing and Technical Center
Mereology and truth-making
Authors: Simons Peter
Published: November 2015

Many mereological propositions are true contingently, so we are entitled to ask why they are true. One frequently given type of answer to such questions evokes truth-makers, that is, entities in virtue of whose existence the propositions in question are true. However, even without endorsing the extreme view that all contingent propositions have truth-makers, it turns out to be puzzlingly hard to provide intuitively convincing candidate truth-makers for even a core class of basic mereological propositions. Part of the problem is that the relation of part to whole is ontologically intimate in a way reminiscent of identity. Such intimacy bespeaks a formal or internal relation, which typically requires no truth-makers beyond its terms. But truth-makers are held to necessitate their truths, so whence the contingency when A is part of B but need not be, or B need not have A as part? This paper addresses and attempts to disentangle the conundrum.
Ordinal One-Switch Utility Functions
Authors: Abbas Ali E. , Bell David E.
Published: November 2015

We study the problem of finding ordinal utility functions to rank the outcomes of a decision when preference independence between the attributes is not present. We propose that the next level of complexity is to assume that preferences over one attribute can switch at most once as another attribute varies from low to high. We refer to this property as ordinal one-switch independence. We present both necessary and sufficient conditions for this ordinal property to hold and provide families of functions that satisfy this new property.
Stop the bus, I'm leaving
Authors: Moffett Pamela
Published: November 2015

Teacher-facilitated ‘number talk’ in the early years promotes children's understanding and their use of numeric vocabulary, which is essential to their ‘number sense’, and for building mathematical meaning.
Perspectives on love
Authors: Cousins Sarah
Published: November 2015

The word love rarely features in policies or frameworks, and then often only with negative connotations, being replaced by ‘safer’ terms, such as care, attachment and emotion, but what do practitioners think?
Emotional foundations
Authors: Gouldsboro Julia
Published: November 2015

The importance of wellbeing for our youngest children is understood, but as a nation we are still some way off treating artistic and creative activities the same as academic learning, much to our detriment.
Review: Early Years 2015
Authors: O'Sullivan June , Mason Danni , Blandford Sonia , Jones Gill , Robb Sue
Published: November 2015

In September, eye hosted its annual conference in Birmingham. This year's event focused on the implementation of the Early Years Pupil Premium, featuring a broad range of speakers and workshops.
Sharing stories, shaping futures: language development and the Shared Reading model
Authors: Atkinson Lizzie
Published: November 2015

The rate of language development in a child's early years can have far-reaching effects even in adulthood. How can we boost this through sharing stories, both in their settings and in the home?
What you need to be made of
Authors: Campbell-Barr Verity
Published: November 2015

Have you ever wondered what makes you good at your job, what you draw upon day-to-day to guide you in your practice – what knowledge, skills and attitudes are needed for working in the early years?
We've all gone bananas
Authors: Cruickshank Sarah
Published: November 2015

It is hard to imagine a time when our kitchens were not brightened with this wonderful yellow fruit, but around the time of the first shipments to this country our food was being rationed to make it last longer.
Temporal fossa anatomy: a review of the literature and safe planes of augmentation
Authors: Baker Anna
Published: November 2015

The anatomy of the temporal fossa described in the literature is widely inconsistent. The conflicting nomenclature used to describe the anatomy and fascial planes in this area is analysed and explored in this paper. Particular emphasis is placed on the aesthetic practitioner striving to maintain an accurate awareness of the depth of injection and to visualise which key structures are present within each fascial layer, to both prevent complications and yield an effective cosmetic result. Specific fascial planes are discussed and injection techniques are recommended for safe augmentation.
Advanced botulinum toxin injection techniques for lower facial correction
Authors: Arias Laurie
Published: November 2015

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of glabellar lines in 2002. Since then, the scope of indications for facial aesthetics has expanded greatly. According to the most recent statistics from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, nearly 5 million BoNT-A treatments were carried out worldwide in 2014. Following the long history of success using BoNT-A in the upper face, it is now becoming more widely used to treat the mid and lower face safely and effectively. In this article, the author describes BoNT-A injection techniques for the aesthetic improvement of the lower third of the face, and discusses the prevention and reduction of visible signs of ageing, such as jowls and bunny lines.
Impact of visible differences on intimacy: the role of health professionals
Authors: Sharratt Nick
Published: November 2015

An appearance-altering condition can have a negative impact on an individual's psychosocial wellbeing. This may extend into the important spheres of love and intimacy and can affect existing relationships, as well as the formation of new partnerships. Nick Sharratt discusses why intimacy is a topic that is often not discussed with health professionals and offers initial suggestions as to how this may be redressed
Pursuit of perfection: young people build up Denmark's aesthetics industry
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: November 2015

With both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures on the rise worldwide, aesthetic nursing is becoming an increasingly popular profession. In this series, Aysha Mendes examines aesthetic nursing practices and cultural perceptions of beauty across the globe by focusing on a different country every month. In this month's column, she discusses the Danes' quest for beauty and an iconic look
Making the most of the forthcoming festive season: fourteen top tips
Authors: Dickons Gilly
Published: November 2015

For the majority of aesthetic nurses, November and December are often the busiest months in the calendar year. However, with planning and preparation, staff can make time for seasonal celebrations alongside their long days in the clinic, says business development director Gilly Dickons. Based on her experience of handling client calls, she offers valuable advice on task management in the lead up to Christmas
‘One size does not fit all. I'm not afraid to take an approach I feel is wholeheartedly correct’
Authors: Zadah Kate
Published: November 2015

In medical aesthetics, establishing and running a successful clinic is not just about delivering high-quality treatments—having business acumen and a nose for the latest trends is key to setting your business apart from the rest. In this practice management series, PR professional Kate Zadah interviews clinic managers from all over the UK to find out about each practice's successes and struggles
Computational modeling of hypersingular integral equations for 2D pre-cantor scattering structure
Authors: Nesvit Kateryna , Gandel Yuriy
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the investigative study to derive a computational model based on hypersingular integral equations for the pre-Cantor plane-parallel diffraction structure. Such structure consists of finite numbers of the thin impedance strips located in the XY plane. A plane transverse magnetic wave is incident from infinity on considered diffraction structure at an angle and need to find the total field resulting from the scattering. The model which is considered in this work is an approximation of real fractal antennas in two-dimensional case. Pre-fractal properties of grating allow producing the newest antennas for modern mobile devices due to their compact size and broadband properties. The purpose of this work is to develop computer model their structure using parametric representation of hypersingular integral operator, Nystrom method with specific quadrature formulas. The numerical results have been obtained and investigated for pre-Cantor structures for calculating physics characteristics. These results have been compared and analyzed in different mathematical models and softwares.
Chemotherapy of Buxtonella sulcata in cattle in Sanandj, Iran
Authors: Hasheminasab Seyed sajjad , Darbandi Meysam Sabour , Talvar Hadi Mohammadi , Maghsood Hossein , Khalili Sara
Published: November 2015

Parasitic nematodes are one of the most important causes of production losses in most cattle-producing countries of the world. The aim of the present study Chemotherapy of B. sulcate in cattle in the Sanandj (Iran). The overall comparative efficacy of oxytetracycline and metronidazole was 66% and 32% respectively.
Baran and Sweezy's Monopoly Capital, Then and Now
Authors: Feldman Benjamin , Foster John Bellamy
Published: November 2015

Monopoly Capital was the principal Marxian, and indeed radical, political-economic work to be published in the 1960s, written by the two most prestigious Marxian economists in the United States and perhaps globally. It grew out of the critique of militarism and imperialism and economic waste as much as out of economic crisis. It was one of the first major works to focus on multinational corporations. Its final chapter emphasized the "irrational system" and was influenced by [Paul] Baran's early background with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt. All of this made it extremely influential with the New Left in the United States, particularly its more radical, socialist wing. A good indication of this is Assar Lindbeck's 1971 mainstream attack on what he called The Political Economy of the New Left, which focused almost entirely on Monopoly Capital.

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From Incarceration to Decarceration: The Need to Abolish Prisons
Authors: Stahl Aviva
Published: November 2015

Maya Schenwar, Locked Down, Locked Out (San Francisco: Barrett-Koehler Publishers, 2014), 228 pages, $18.95, softcover.
Prison justice issues are garnering more public exposure today than ever before. In June 2012, the United States Senate held its first hearing on solitary confinement, the second in February 2014. This past fall, the New York Times ran a series of prominent exposés on conditions on Rikers Island that resulted in substantive shifts in staffing and conditions. Even the immense success of the TV show Orange Is the New Black suggests that what happens to people locked up is no longer a fringe issue, but part of our public consciousness.… Yet there are so many contradictions bound up in the way we talk about prisons. Solitary confinement is torture for children, but not for terrorists; the death penalty is unjust, but locking people up for life is not; "inmates" are terrifying beings, except the ones who look or speak like us. Therefore, for many progressives, the question is not whether prisons "work"—but how to make them more humane for those who "deserve" time on the inside.

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Oxidative Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Medium Catalyzed by Lab Prepared Nickel Hydroxide
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Haq Atta-ul- , Ilyas Mohammad , Younas Mohammad , Shahzad Muhammad Azhar
Published: November 2015

This study explores the lab prepared nickel hydroxide catalyzed oxidative degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) in aqueous medium using batch reactor. Nickel hydroxide was prepared by reaction of sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide and nickel sulphate hexahydrate in distilled water. The catalytic oxidative degradation of Methylene Blue was explored in terms of various parameters like effect of time, hydrogen peroxide, temperature, initial concentration of dye, catalyst dosage and effect of speed of agitation on degradation of Methylene Blue. Experimental data was subjected to kinetics analysis using Curve Expert software. Degradation reaction was taking place according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. According to this mechanism the reactants adsorb at the surface of catalyst in first step followed by chemical reaction between adsorbed reactants in second step. Catalyst was heterogeneous in nature which was separated by simple filtration easily.
Marginal Causation and Injurer Shirking
Authors: Grady Mark F.
Published: November 2015

Is the negligence cause-in-fact doctrine efficient? The traditional test has come under increasing criticism by economists and others. Some have suggested switching from the time-honored “but-for” test to “proportional liability,” or “proportional causation,” would advance both efficiency and fairness. The traditional but-for test requires that the plaintiff show that it was more likely than not that the defendant’s untaken precaution, when viewed ex post, would have prevented the plaintiff’s injury. Proportional causation also posits some untaken precaution that was a breach of duty by the defendant. The doctrine then asks the trier of fact to estimate the probability by which the untaken precaution would have prevented the injury. In the most commonly discussed version the plaintiff then recovers his or her actual damages deflated by the “percentage of effectiveness” estimated by the jury or other trier of fact. In comparison to proportional causation, the traditional but-for test is sometimes called “the all-or-nothing rule” because it awards full damages or nothing at all, whereas the proportional rule awards some damages in all cases in which the other elements of negligence are satisfied. This Essay argues that these two causation rules are both currently applied in different situations and are complements in reducing the social costs of accidents.
Distribution and taxonomy of the common big-eared bat Micronycteris microtis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in South America
Authors: Moras Ligiane Martins , e Gomes Augusto Milagres , da Cunha Tavares Valéria
Published: November 2015

Understanding the distribution of the common big-eared bat
Defamation case law in Hong Kong: A corpus-based study
Authors: Cheng Le , Cheng Winnie , Li Jian
Published: November 2015

Defamation law is a long-standing research focus. Previous studies on defamation law have pointed out the importance of balancing two fundamental issues in law, namely, protection of reputation and freedom of speech. The present corpus-based legal study, using ConcGram 1.0 as the analytical tool, examined the phraseological profile of reported cases on defamation in Hong Kong in order to find out the types of defense and the approach to meaning in the defamation case law in Hong Kong. Regarding defenses to a defamation claim, the results show that fair comment, qualified privilege, and justification are the most prevalent types, that unintentional defamation is not used at all, and that there has been a noticeable shift from fair comment to honest comment. As for the approach to meaning, the ordinary and natural approach is found to be a pivotal means of solving the threshold problem in defamation cases, that is, whether the words involved are defamatory or not.
Nozzle Admittance and Damping Analysis Using the LEE Method
Authors: Mu-xin Wang , Pei-jin Liu , Wen-jing Yang , Xiang-geng Wei
Published: November 2015

The nozzle admittance is very important in the theoretical analysis of nozzle damping in combustion instability. The linearized Euler equations (LEE) are used to determine the nozzle admittance with consideration of the mean flow properties. The acoustic energy flux through the nozzle is calculated to evaluate the nozzle damping upon longitudinal oscillation modes. Then the parametric study, involving the nozzle convergent geometry, convergent half angle and nozzle size, is carried out. It is shown that the imaginary part of the nozzle admittance plays a non-negligible role in the determination of the nozzle damping. Under the conditions considered in this work (
Influence of the Bi 6s
2 lone electron pair on elastic properties of monoclinic Bi4B2O9
Authors: Schreuer Jürgen , Mühlberg Manfred , Burianek Manfred , Wallrafen Franz
Published: November 2015

The coefficients of thermal expansion and the complete set of elastic stiffness coefficients of monoclinic Bi4B2O9 were determined as functions of temperature employing dilatometry and, respectively, a combination of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and the plate resonance technique. Thermal expansion as well as elasticity of Bi4B2O9 exhibit a pronounced anisotropy, with the directions of the maximum longitudinal elastic stiffness and of the minimal longitudinal thermal expansion running almost parallel to [1̅02]. Further, between 100 K and 535 K the principal axes system of the linear thermal expansion rotates by more than 30° around the 2-fold symmetry axis. The deviations from Cauchy-relations show a similar behavior. Both, the anisotropy and the temperature induced changes of the investigated properties are mainly controlled by the stereochemically active Bi 6s
2 lone electron pairs. At room temperature their Wang–Liebau vectors possess preferred components within a plane that runs almost perpendicular to [1̅02]. A systematic analysis of the elastic behavior of bismuth oxides using the quasi-additivity rule for elastic S-factor reveals a general trend: With decreasing relative amount of Bi2O3 the Bi3+ cations tend to align their stereochemically active lone electron pairs in planes or eventually in one direction. With respect to the elastic behavior of the compound the alignment of the easliy deformable lone electron pairs is unfavorable and causes an elastic softening.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of the Ag3Sn intermetallic compound
Authors: Rossi Paul Josef , Zotov Nikolay , Mittemeijer Eric Jan
Published: November 2015

Ambiguity exists in the literature on the crystal structure of Ag3Sn: no agreement on neither the type of orthorhombic distortion nor the presence of ordering exists. Therefore, the exact crystal structure of Ag3Sn has been reinvestigated using high resolution X-ray powder dffraction. By applying Rietveld refinements, it could be shown that Ag3Sn is orthorhombic, with an ordered crystal structure of β-Cu3Ti-type (space group Pmmn). The lattice parameters of a Sn-rich and an Ag-rich sample are a=4.78233(1) Å, b=5.99752(1) Å, c=5.16393(1) Å and a=4.78291(2) Å, b=5.98854(2) Å, c=5.15686(2) Å, respectively. The lattice parameters indicate κ-type orthorhombic distortion.