bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance structure of calcium‐binding protein 1 in a Ca2+‐bound closed state: Implications for target recognition
Authors: Park Saebomi , Li Congmin , Ames James B.
Published: May 2011

Calcium‐binding protein 1 (CaBP1), a neuron‐specific member of the calmodulin (CaM) superfamily, regulates the Ca2+‐dependent activity of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) and various voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. Here, we present the NMR structure of full‐length CaBP1 with Ca2+ bound at the first, third, and fourth EF‐hands. A total of 1250 nuclear Overhauser effect distance measurements and 70 residual dipolar coupling restraints define the overall main chain structure with a root‐mean‐squared deviation of 0.54 Å (N‐domain) and 0.48 Å (C‐domain). The first 18 residues from the N‐terminus in CaBP1 (located upstream of the first EF‐hand) are structurally disordered and solvent exposed. The Ca2+‐saturated CaBP1 structure contains two independent domains separated by a flexible central linker similar to that in calmodulin and troponin C. The N‐domain structure of CaBP1 contains two EF‐hands (EF1 and EF2), both in a closed conformation [interhelical angles = 129° (EF1) and 142° (EF2)]. The C‐domain contains EF3 and EF4 in the familiar Ca2+‐bound open conformation [interhelical angles = 105° (EF3) and 91° (EF4)]. Surprisingly, the N‐domain adopts the same closed conformation in the presence or absence of Ca2+ bound at EF1. The Ca2+‐bound closed conformation of EF1 is reminiscent of Ca2+‐bound EF‐hands in a closed conformation found in cardiac troponin C and calpain. We propose that the Ca2+‐bound closed conformation of EF1 in CaBP1 might undergo an induced‐fit opening only in the presence of a specific target protein, and thus may help explain the highly specialized target binding by CaBP1.
Optical absorption and spectroscopic properties of thulium doped (TeO2)(Nb2O5)(TiO2) glasses
Authors: Kabalci Idris , Tay Turgay , Özen Gönül
Published: May 2011

A type of thulium doped tellurite based optical glasses was prepared through conventional melt quenching technique. In the experiments, the effect of different Tm3+ ion concentration and glass composition on optical properties of (TeO2)(1‐x‐y)(Nb2O5)(x)(TiO2)(y) (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mol) glasses have been investigated by using UV‐VIS‐NIR optical spectrophotometry measurements in a wavelength range 400‐2000 nm. Considering absorption measurements for the 1.0mol% Tm3+ doped of (TeO2)0.9(Nb2O5)0.05(TiO2)0.05 glass, 1G4, 3F2, 3F3, 3F4, 3H5, and 3H4 absorption bands were observed from the 3H6 ground level, at 463, 660, 687, 793, 1211 and 1700 nm wavelengths, respectively. Furthermore, spontaneous emission probabilities, and the radiative lifetimes for the 4f‐4f transitions of the Tm3+ ions were calculated. The spectral intensities were determined in terms of Judd‐Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6). Luminescence analysis was realized for the different Tm3+ ion concentration (0.002, 0.005 and 0.01mol) at room temperature. The luminescence band intensity of the 3F4→3H4 transition was measured as a function of Tm3+ ion concentration (0.002, 0.005 and 0.01mol). Furthermore, luminescence data of the thulium doped glass samples were used to determine the compositional dependence of the emission cross sections at 1470 nm (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence spectroscopy of nanocrystalline MgO
Authors: Feldbach Eduard , Kirm Marco , Kozlova Jelena , Maaroos Aarne , Mändar Hugo , Saar Rando , Sammelselg Väino
Published: May 2011

MgO nano‐powder was synthesized using the combustion method and was studied by low temperature VUV spectroscopy under synchrotron radiation excitation. A considerable blue shift (by ∼0.6 eV, see the figure) of UV luminescence excited in intrinsic absorption was revealed in nanocrystalline MgO ceramics. This dense ceramics consists of large (10‐20 µm size) blocks and can be formed already at 1600 °C, i.e. far below the melting point of MgO. According to XRD studies, thermal treatment increased the size of nanocrystallites from 24 to 80 nm. In bulk MgO single crystals the UV luminescence (≥5 eV) is due to the recombination of electrons and holes near V‐centres, whereas nanocrystalline MgO ceramics with high surface to volume ratio facilitate the formation of the surface self‐trapped excitons, which decay radiatively. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of incubation effects during surface ablation using picosecond pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm
Authors: Holmberg Patrik , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Fokine Michael
Published: May 2011

A comparison of laser ablation on the front‐surface (surface facing the laser) and back‐surface of 1.1 mm thick boro‐aluminosilicate glass plates has been performed using 1 ps pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm. The resulting structures of front‐ and back‐surface ablation are compared relative to an input design geometry of 40 µm deep and 40 µm wide surface channels. The influence of incubation effects on the final structure is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Promising anchoring groups for ZnO‐based hybrid materials: A periodic density functional theory investigation
Authors: Le Bahers Tangui , Pauporté Thierry , Odobel Fabrice , Labat Frédéric , Ciofini Ilaria
Published: May 2011

We, herein, explore the potential use of new anchoring groups for the development of hybrid organic–inorganic materials and more specifically for the chemisorption of dyes in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The structural and the electronic properties of four different compounds (the 1,2‐benzenediole‐, catechol‐, the pentane‐2,4‐dione (acetylacetone), and the corresponding thio derivatives) adsorbed on a {100} clean ZnO surface were investigated by the means of density functional theory in a periodic framework. Subsequent—harmonic—infrared (IR) spectral calculations of the adsorbed and isolated systems pointed out that the adsorption process may be followed by IR techniques. From our analysis, all anchoring groups seem to be suitable as anchoring groups in hybrid devices both from a structural and electronic point of view, although additional requirements may be important for specific applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Isomerization of dehydrofulvene radicals to the phenyl radical, and application to the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Lories Xavier , Vandooren Jacques , Peeters Daniel
Published: May 2011

In this work, the isomerization mechanisms of dehydrofulvene radicals to the phenyl radical are described. This study shows, for 6‐dehydrofulvene, a low‐energy isomerization path going through a resonantly stabilized bicyclic system. In a second part, the different established mechanisms are applied to the closing of a second and third aromatic ring. This application highlights the possibility of forming new products, such as 2‐naphthyl radical, and the effect of aromatic cycles on the new mechanisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
A software maintenance methodology for small organizations: Agile_MANTEMA
Authors: Pino Francisco J. , Ruiz Francisco , García Félix , Piattini Mario
Published: May 2011

Software maintenance is an important, indeed vital, activity for software companies. For many organizations, including small firms, it is also a business opportunity. In the quest to help companies of this type, for whom strengthening their maintenance process is a chief concern, we present Agile_MANTEMA. This is a methodological proposal for software maintenance, one which focuses on small companies. The methodology defines an agile maintenance strategy, setting out in detail what is to be carried out, when, how and by whom; that is to say, it seeks to give a detailed guide for the implementation of the maintenance process in these kinds of companies. Agile_MANTEMA also establishes a set of elements, such as types of maintenance, service levels and capability levels, which aim to: (i) handle the complexity that is inherent to the maintenance process and (ii) allow a small company to define its own maintenance process, taking into account its particular characteristics and needs. In an effort to improve their maintenance process, two small firms conducted an improvement project in which Agile_MANTEMA was used. The experiences reported by these companies tell us that this methodology offers a strategy that can be useful, practical and suitable for small companies as they tackle software maintenance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hadoop framework: impact of data organization on performance
Authors: Tan Yu Shyang , Tan Jiaqi , Chng Eng Siong , Lee Bu‐Sung , Li Jiaming , Date Susumu , Chak Hui Ping , Xiao Xiong , Narishige Atsushi
Published: May 2011

Hadoop, based on the popular MapReduce framework, is an open‐source distributed computing framework that has been gaining much popularity and usage. It aims to allow programmers to focus on building applications that deals with processing large amount of data, without having to handle other issues when performing parallel computations. However, tuning the performance of Hadoop applications is not an easy task due to the level of abstraction of the framework. In this paper, we present three case studies and some of the challenges and issues that are to be considered in performance tuning when running applications in Hadoop. The focus is mainly on the impact of input data on Hadoop's performance and how they can be tuned. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of a dual‐input SC DC–DC converter realizing negative outputs
Authors: Eguchi Kei , Pongswatd Sawai , Tirasesth Kitti , Sasaki Hirofumi , Zhu Hongbing , Inoue Takahiro
Published: May 2011

Aimed at a back‐lighting application, a dual‐input switched‐capacitor (SC) DC–DC converter with battery charge process is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter can realize −1/N× (N = 2,3,…) step‐down conversion as well as (N + 1)/N× step‐up conversion. By converting clean energy such as solar energy, the proposed dual‐input converter not only drives light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) but also recharges the battery, although conventional single‐input converter only consumes battery energy. In the proposed converter, the −1/N× stepped‐down voltage is generated to drive the LED's cathode when the input voltage is insufficient to drive a 1× transfer mode. Furthermore, unlike conventional converters, the battery is charged by the (N + 1)/N× stepped‐up voltage when the LED back light is in standby mode. Hence, the proposed converter can realize long battery run time. The validity of circuit design is confirmed by theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments. The derived theoretical formulas will be helpful to estimate circuit characteristics, because the theoretical results correspond well with the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation results. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discrete‐time dynamic image segmentation based on oscillations by destabilizing a fixed point
Authors: Fujimoto Ken'ichi , Kobayashi Mio , Yoshinaga Tetsuya
Published: May 2011

We have developed a discrete‐time dynamical system consisting of a global inhibitor and chaotic neurons that can generate oscillatory responses. We have also found that our system can work as a dynamic image‐segmentation system utilizing oscillatory responses of chaotic neurons. Dynamic image segmentation is to severally extract isolated image regions from a static image and is to exhibit segmented images in time series according to oscillatory responses of chaotic neurons. At certain parameter values, chaotic neurons can generate adequate oscillatory responses for dynamic image segmentation. However, they generate non‐oscillatory responses for certain initial values due to the coexistence of a stable fixed point corresponding to non‐oscillatory responses. Their appearances indicate that our system does not work as a dynamic image‐segmentation system. In this study, we designed a destabilizer for a stable fixed point to prevent its appearance. We also demonstrated that our system with a designed destabilizer worked well. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nanoparticles through the skin: managing conflicting results of inorganic and organic particles in cosmetics and pharmaceutics
Authors: Bolzinger Marie‐Alexandrine , Briançon Stéphanie , Chevalier Yves
Published: May 2011

Toxicity of nanoparticles is a current scientific issue because of the enhanced reactivity of nanomaterials and their possible easy penetration into the body arising from their small size. Because inorganic particles are present in sunscreen cosmetic products, attention has been focused on cutaneous penetration. But organic particles of various sizes are also used in pharmaceutical applications such as skin care and transdermal drug delivery. It appears that organic and inorganic particles penetrate the skin quite differently. The apparent discrepancy is addressed in this review focusing on skin penetration of inorganic sunscreen particles and organic particles for drug delivery. After a short description of the physicochemical properties of these particles, the skin penetration of both types is reviewed with emphasis on the mechanistic issues and the differences that could account for such conflicting results. It appears that investigations by cosmetic and pharmaceutical communities focused on the main issue, i.e., no toxicity in cosmetics and maximum activity of the drug in pharmaceutics. This leaves several fundamental issues as open questions and this does not allow a rigorous comparison between both types of material. While it is claimed that inorganic nanoparticles can only penetrate the outer layer of the skin, it appears that organic submicron particles and even microparticles reach the dermis in an in vitro cell. Besides particle size, the surface chemistry of the particles and the presence of other excipients in the formulations contribute to skin absorption. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 463–478 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.146

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Thoracoscopic Simultaneous Bilateral Bullectomy Through Apicoposterior Transmediastinal Access for Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Challenging Approach
Authors: Cho Deog Gon , Cho Kyu Do , Kang Chul Ung , Jo Min Seop , Kim Yong Han
Published: May 2011

Background

Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) through transmediastinal access (TMA) for contralateral thoracic cavity is an operative alternative for bilateral pulmonary lesions. Recently, we introduced a novel method of apicoposterior TMA to perform simultaneous VATS bilateral bullectomy (BB) for bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax (BPTX). We retrospectively analyzed ten patients on whom this procedure was performed and evaluated the effectiveness of this approach.

Methods

From April 2006 to May 2010, ten patients underwent simultaneous BB through this approach. Mean postoperative follow‐up was 33.2 months. All patients were young males (age range = 15–20 years) and eight patients had BPTX that developed simultaneously. Apical blebs or bullae were carefully identified using multidirectional high‐resonance computed tomography (HRCT). VATS right bullectomy was done first. The left thorax was reached by going through the apicoposterior mediastinum between the esophagus and vertebral bodies, and then left procedure was performed through this access.

Results

All ten patients successfully underwent VATS BB through TMA without intraoperative complications. One patient developed prolonged air leakage for 6 days on the right side. During the follow‐up period, two patients developed left PTX recurrence; one was treated with a chest tube at 13 months, and another underwent a left VATS reoperation at 20 months postoperatively because of new bulla formation around the previous stapling line.

Conclusions

A VATS apicoposterior transmediastinal approach is relatively safe and technically reliable for highly selective BPTX patients who have localized blebs or bullae on the left apical lung. Pleural reinforcement procedures may also be required for the prevention of postoperative recurrence.
Comments on Bartolino et al. (2011): limits of cumulative relative frequency distribution curves for hotspot identification
Authors: Cayuela Luis , Gálvez‐Bravo Lucía , Carrascal Luis María , de Albuquerque Fábio S.
Published: May 2011

The recent paper by Bartolino et al. (Popul Ecol 53:351–359, 2011) presents a new method to objectively select hotspots using cumulative relative frequency distribution (CRFD) curves. This method is presented as being independent from the selection of any threshold and, therefore, less arbitrary than traditional approaches. We argue that this method, albeit mathematically sound, is based on likewise arbitrary decisions regarding threshold selection. Specifically, the use of the CRFD curve approach requires the occurrence of two criteria for the method to be applied correctly: the selection of a 45° tangent to the curve, and the need to consider the highest relative value of the study parameter corresponding to a 45° slope tangent to the curve. Using two case studies (dealing with species richness and abundance of a particular species), we demonstrate that these two criteria are really unrelated to the underlying causes that shape the spatial pattern of the phenomena under study, but rather related to sampling design and spatial scale; hence, one could likewise use different but valid criteria. Consequently, the CRFD curve approach is based on the selection of a pre‐defined threshold that has little, if any, ecological justification, and that heavily influences the final hotspot selection. Therefore, we conclude that the CRFD curve approach itself is not necessarily better and more objective than any of the global methods typically used for hotspot identification. Indeed, mathematical and/or statistical approaches should not be viewed as a panacea to solve conservation problems, but rather used in combination with biological, practical, economic and social considerations.
Combined OXPHOS complex I and IV defect, due to mutated complex I assembly factor C20ORF7
Authors: Saada Ann , Edvardson Shimon , Shaag Avraham , Chung Wendy K. , Segel Reeval , Miller Chaya , Jalas Chaim , Elpeleg Orly
Published: May 2011

Defects of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system are frequent causes of neurological disorders in children. Linkage analysis and DNA sequencing identified a new founder p.G250V substitution in the C20ORF7 complex I chaperone in five Ashkenazi Jewish patients from two families with a combined OXPHOS complex I and IV defect presenting with Leigh's syndrome in infancy. Complementation with the wild type gene restored complex I, but only partially complex IV activity. Although the pathogenic mechanism remains elusive, a C20ORF7 defect should be considered not only in isolated complex I deficiency, but also in combination with decreased complex IV. Given the significant 1:290 carrier rate for the p.G250V mutation among Ashkenazi Jews, this mutation should be screened in all Ashkenazi patients with Leigh's syndrome prior to muscle biopsy.
Aberrant expression of costimulatory molecules in splenocytes of the mevalonate kinase‐deficient mouse model of human hyper‐IgD syndrome (HIDS)
Authors: Hager Elizabeth J. , Piganelli Jon D. , Tse Hubert M. , Gibson K. Michael
Published: May 2011

Objective

We sought to determine the activation status and proliferative capacities of splenic lymphocyte populations from a mevalonate kinase‐deficient mouse model of hyper‐IgD syndrome (HIDS). We previously reported that murine mevalonate kinase gene ablation was embryonic lethal for homozygous mutants while heterozygotes (Mvk+/−) demonstrated several phenotypic features of human HIDS including increased serum levels of IgD, IgA, and TNFα, temperature dysregulation, hematological abnormalities, and splenomegaly.

Methods and results

Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface activation markers on T and B lymphocytes, and macrophage populations, demonstrated aberrant expression of B7 glycoproteins in all splenic cell types studied. Differences in expression levels between Mvk+/− and Mvk+/+ littermate controls were observed in both the basal state (unstimulated) and after Concanavalin A (Con‐A) stimulation in vitro of whole splenocyte cultures. In Mvk+/− CD4 and CD8 T cells, alterations in expression of CD25, CD80, CD152, and CD28 were observed. Mvk+/− splenic macrophages expressed altered levels of CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD11c while Mvk+/− B lymphocytes had differential expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86. Mvk+/− splenocyte subpopulations also exhibited altered proliferative capacities in response to in vitro stimulation.

Conclusion

We postulate that imbalances in the expression of cell surface proteins necessary for activation, proliferation, and regulation of the intensity and duration of an immune response may result in defective T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions in our model and potentially in human HIDS.
15N/14N ratios of amino acids as a tool for studying terrestrial food webs: a case study of terrestrial insects (bees, wasps, and hornets)
Authors: Chikaraishi Yoshito , Ogawa Nanako O. , Doi Hideyuki , Ohkouchi Naohiko
Published: May 2011

Compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids is a new method that enables estimates of trophic position for consumers in food webs. We examined the nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) of amino acids of Japanese social insects (three bee, three wasp, and four hornet species) to evaluate the potential of CSIA of amino acids in studies of terrestrial food webs. For wasps, we also examined samples at different growth stages (ranging from egg to adult) to assess the effect of metamorphosis on CSIA estimates of trophic position. The δ15N values of bulk tissues for Japanese social insects are only weakly correlated with the biologically expected trophic positions. In contrast, the trophic positions estimated from the δ15N values of amino acids (yielding values of between 2.0 and 2.3 for bees, between 2.8 and 3.3 for wasps, and between 3.5 and 4.1 for hornets) are consistent with the biologically expected trophic positions for these insects (i.e., 2.0 for bees, 3.0 for wasps, and 3.0–4.0 for hornets). Although large variability is observed among the δ15N values of individual amino acids (e.g., ranging from 3.0 to 14.9‰ for phenylalanine), no significant change is observed in the trophic position during wasp metamorphosis. Thus, the CSIA of amino acids is a powerful tool for investigating not only aquatic food webs but also terrestrial food webs with predatory insects.
Vitrified‐warmed ovarian tissue autotransplantation into ovariectomized mice restores sufficient ovarian function to support full‐term pregnancy
Authors: Matsumoto Hiromichi , Ezoe Kenji , Mitsui Akinori , Fukui Emiko , Ochi Masanori , Yoshizawa Midori
Published: May 2011

Purpose

Our previous study demonstrated that heterotopic autotransplantation of fresh ovarian tissue followed by transfer of blastocysts supported full‐term pregnancy in the mouse. In the present study, to address whether vitrified‐warmed ovarian tissue has the potential to support uterine preparation for implantation and subsequent pregnancy to full term, we examined vitrified‐warmed ovarian tissue autotransplantation (VOAT) in mice.

Methods

VOAT into kidney capsules was performed for sexual cycle‐ceased mice after 7 days of ovariectomy. Uterine potential of decidualization was examined by oil infusion on day 4 of pseudopregnancy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the potential in VOAT ovarian tissues. Blastocysts were transferred into uteri on day 4 of pseudopregnancy.

Results

In VOAT mice, uterine decidualization on day 8 of pseudopregnancy was the same as that in intact mice. Blastocyst transfer into the pseudopregnant VOAT mice showed the same rates of pregnancy and live birth pups as intact mice, while less steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum was detected in VOAT mice.

Conclusions

The autotransplantation of vitrified‐warmed ovarian tissues after 7 days of ovariectomy restored their sexual cycle and then supported their pregnancy and production of offspring.
A comparison between histopathology and findings on magnetic resonance imaging of subcutaneous lipomatous soft-tissue tumors
Authors: Toirkens Johannes , De Schepper Arthur M. , Vanhoenacker Filip , Van Dyck Pieter , Gielen Jan , Creytens David , Wouters Kristien , Eiber Matthias , Wörtler Klaus , Parizel Paul M.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To retrospectively analyse the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of subcutaneous lipomatous soft-tissue tumours (SLSTT) in order to define a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.

Methods

The MR findings of 46 SLSTT were registered for the following data: area, location within the subcutaneous compartment, dimensions, shape and delineation, signal intensity (SI) on different pulse sequences, signal homogeneity, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement. The MR findings, together with patients' age and gender, were compared with histopathological findings.

Results

Sixty-eight percent of the lipomas had a homogeneous T1-SI identical to the SI of subcutaneous fat. Heterogeneity in other lipomas was due to fat necrosis and small septa. Other lesions with homogeneous T1-SI identical to the SI of subcutaneous fat included lipoblastoma, lipomatosis and lipoma-like hibernoma. None of the liposarcomas were homogeneous and isointense to SI of subcutaneous fat on T1-weighted imaging (WI). Lipoma variants and liposarcomas showed overlapping MR characteristics.

Conclusions

SLSTT with homogeneous T1-SI identical to the SI of subcutaneous fat are benign. If a SLSTT has other MR characteristics, differentiation based on MRI cannot be made and biopsy is needed. We used this finding in defining a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for subcutaneous soft tissue tumours that are hyperintense on T1-WI.
The clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, exhibits relative safety in the developing rat brain
Authors: Manning Simon M. , Boll Griffin , Fitzgerald Erin , Selip Debra B. , Volpe Joseph J. , Jensen Frances E.
Published: May 2011

The N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in preterm brain injury (periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)) and represents a potential therapeutic target. However, the antagonist dizocilpine (MK‐801) has been reported to increase constitutive neuronal apoptosis in the developing rat brain, limiting its clinical use in the developing brain. Memantine is another use‐dependent NMDAR antagonist with shorter binding kinetics and has been demonstrated to be protective in a rat model of PVL, without effects on normal myelination or cortical growth. To further evaluate the safety of memantine in the developing brain, we demonstrate here that, in contrast to MK‐801, memantine at neuroprotective doses does not increase neuronal constitutive apoptosis. In addition, there are no long‐term alterations in the expression of NMDAR subunits, AMPAR subunits, and two markers of synaptogenesis, Synapsin‐1 and PSD95. Evaluating clinically approved drugs in preclinical neonatal animal models of early brain development is an important prerequisite to considering them for clinical trial in preterm infants and early childhood.
Delayed superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm following distal femoral shaft fracture: A case report
Authors: Lo Sheng‐Pin , Hsieh Chih‐Chiang , Yang Chyun‐Yu , Lin Chii‐Jeng , Chang Chih‐Wei
Published: May 2011

A 69‐year‐old man presented with an expanding tissue mass over the medial aspect of his left thigh 6 weeks after a fracture of the distal femur shaft. Imaging studies confirmed a rare traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery. For the massive hematoma and persistent exsanguinating hemorrhage, staged interventions were taken. First, the pseudoaneurysm was hemodynamically isolated with an endovascular stent‐graft placement. Subsequent surgical exploration and aneurysmectomy were performed later for the evacuation of the formed hematoma and the relief of the resultant compressive symptoms. Because traumatic pseudoaneurysm can have an insidious onset and delayed presentation, surgeons should consider the possible complication even after initial fracture fixation.
Rapid control of a hospital‐wide outbreak caused by extensively drug‐resistant OXA‐72‐producing Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Lin Wei‐Ru , Lu Po‐Liang , Siu Leung‐Kei , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Lin Chun‐Yu , Hung Ching‐Tzu , Chen Yen‐Hsu
Published: May 2011

Extensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAb) emerges as an important pathogen of health care–associated infections and outbreaks worldwide. During January and February 2006, there was a hospital‐wide outbreak of XDRAb at a medical center in Taiwan. Without limiting the usage of carbapenems or the closure of any ward, this outbreak was effectively controlled. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and reported the infection control experiences. XDRAb is defined as A baumannii that is resistant to multiple antibiotics but susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin B. During the outbreak, the clinical and environmental XDRAb isolates were collected and studied by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction for Verona integron‐encoded metallo‐beta‐lactamases, imipenemases, and oxacillinases (OXA). Our measures to control the outbreak included private room isolation of patients until there were three successive negative cultures, reinforcement of contact precautions, daily environmental cleansing with room‐dedicated cleaning tools and sodium hypochlorite, and careful auditing of adherence. During the outbreak, 32 clinical XDRAb isolates came from 13 patients who were hospitalized in four intensive care units and three wards. Most (7 of 13, 53.8%) cases were associated with a surgical intensive care unit. The results from pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis study indicated that all isolates were of one genotype. All 32 isolates harbored ISAba1‐blaOxA‐51‐like and blaOxA‐72 genes. After this outbreak till August 2010, further incidences of XDRAb were sporadic cases of XDRAb with different clones and did not reach the level of outbreak. To our knowledge, this is the first reported hospital‐wide outbreak caused by OXA‐72 carbapenemase–producing A baumannii in the Asia‐Pacific region, with successful and sustained control. Although the source or vehicle of the outbreak was not identified, our results suggest that a hospital‐wide outbreak can be successfully managed with strict infection control measures, and that the limitation of the use of carbapenems and closure of wards may not be necessary.
Problem‐based learning: Developing resilience in nursing students
Authors: Chen Jih‐Yuan
Published: May 2011

A society needs mature and confident nurse practitioners, who are able to think analytically and flexibly, recognize needs for further preparation, and willing to engage in self‐development. Concern is raised regarding how educators will build the capacity of resilient students with a knowledge base and a minimum set of skills in responding to various issues and for engaging in self‐reflection. Drawing on the framework of nursing competencies and global standards for the education of professional nurses, resilient students may contribute through their social competence, problem‐solving ability, sense of purpose, and persistence in the process to achieve the goal of the project. Educators should know how to build the resilient attribute in students by encouraging them to engage in self‐reflection. This article discusses four areas that help students build resilience from project‐based learning of a small group: the impact of problem‐based learning at clinical practice, project/problem‐based learning, resilient nursing student, and developing nursing students' resilience. Self‐assessment to check the promoting skills for teaching in a problem‐based learning program helps the faculty holding the empowerment to encourage or support the students to face the challenge within the small team.
Reappraisal of heart rate variability in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Chien‐Fu , Lai Chiou‐Lian , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Liou Li‐Min , Lin Ruey‐Tay
Published: May 2011

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is a common complication after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Prior investigators have emphasized that infarction of brain stem or hemispheres with insular involvement is related to this dysfunction and may predict poor clinical outcome. From the viewpoint of stroke physicians, however, all stroke patients, particularly large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA) should be monitored for possible cardiac complications after acute IS. This study aimed to investigate cardiac autonomic impaction in patients with acute IS and to make the comparison between LAA and small‐vessel occlusion (SVO) subtypes. Of the 126 acute IS patients prospectively enrolled in this study, 32 had LAA, 56 had SVO, and 38 had undetermined etiology according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Cardiac autonomic function of all patients was assessed by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). The low‐ and high‐frequency components of HRV in all stroke patients were significantly lower than those of control subjects after comparing multivariable models, including additional adjustments for age, gender, and all risk factors. There were no significant differences on HRV between LAA and SVO although post hoc comparisons showed that stroke patients of SVO had increased sympathetic modulation and reduced vagal activity. In conclusion, in acute IS patients, both LAA and SVO are predisposed to have cardiac autonomic dysfunction, manifesting as abnormalities in HRV, whether in hemispheric or brain stem lesions. Stroke patients of SVO are at higher risks of cardiac abnormalities, which might suggest an early cardiac dysfunction because of long‐term hypertension. The HF component of HRV thought to be for vagal control might be a cardinal marker for predicting cardiac autonomic dysfunction after acute IS. Short‐term HRV spectral analysis is a convenient approach for stroke clinicians to assess autonomic function in acute stroke. Long‐term follow‐up for HRV and clinical outcome relative to LAA and SVO stroke subtypes is warranted, particularly when an abnormal HRV is found at admission.
Studies of genomic copy number changes in human cancers reveal signatures of DNA replication stress
Authors: Dereli‐Öz Aygül , Versini Gwennaelle , Halazonetis Thanos D.
Published: May 2011

Human cancers are characterized by the presence of genomic instability. Recently, two studies have catalogued the presence of a specific class of genomic aberrations, large deletions and insertions, in a few thousand human cancers and reported that most of the prevalent recurrent focal deletions targeted common fragile sites and large genes. In various experimental systems, deletions in common fragile sites and large genes have been linked to the presence of DNA replication stress. Thus, taken together, these results suggest the presence of DNA replication stress in human cancers, consistent with the recently proposed oncogene‐induced DNA damage model for cancer development.
The large earthquake of 27 August 2008 in Lake Baikal and its precursors
Authors: Semenov R.M. , Smekalin O.P.
Published: May 2011

The large earthquake which shook the southern part of Lake Baikal on August 27, 2008 has received much scientific and public interest. The occurrence of the event in the high-seismicity Baikal rift was not surprising but its origin time was, as usual, unexpected. We discuss the geological conditions of the earthquake, its macroseismic effects, and some data interpreted as its precursors. A special focus is made on preseismic changes in dissolved helium in Lake Baikal. Studying helium patterns in a deep freshwater lake in an active seismic area is a pioneering experience that appears to have no match in the world earthquake prediction practice.
Petrogenesis of high-temperature siliceous melts in volcanic structures of the Altai collisional system of Hercynides (Eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Khromykh S.V. , Kuibida M.L. , Kruk N.N.
Published: May 2011

We consider the geologic occurrence and PT-conditions of the generation and crystallization of siliceous melts that formed volcanic structures within the Altai collisional system of Hercynides. The data on the geologic occurrence, internal structure, and petrogeochemical age of rocks are presented, as well as results of the thermobarogeochemical studies of inclusions in minerals. The performed investigations showed the presence of siliceous dacitic melts in the studied volcanic structures. These melts were generated in the lower crust (~10 kbar, 1000–1200 ºC) as a result of the partial melting of crustal substrates under the influence of high-temperature mantle melts.
Formation of gold and silver sulfides in the system Ag–Au–S
Authors: Pal’yanova G.A. , Kokh K.A. , Seryotkin Yu.V.
Published: May 2011

Gold and silver sulfides were synthesized from melts Ag2-χAuχS (χ = 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6) in the system Ag–Au–S with Au/Ag = 0.1–7.4. Optical microscopy, X-raying, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify and analyze the solid products. It has been established that acanthite, solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS (χ < 0.5), and electrum are produced in the Ag-rich binary system Ag2S–Au2S. Petrovskaite, high-fineness gold, and sulfur are produced in the systems with low Ag contents (χ > 1). The systems with an intermediate composition produce petrovskaite, uytenbogaardtite, and solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS (0.5 < χ < 1). The results of experimental studies together with data on the compositions of natural gold and silver sulfides suggest that the wide variations in Au and Ag contents in uytenbogaardtite and petrovskaite from different deposits are, most likely, due to the inhomogeneous structure of mineral grains and the presence of solid solutions Ag2-χAuχS. It is assumed that gold and silver sulfides crystallizing from Au-Ag-containing sulfide melts might be of magmatic genesis. Poorly extractable gold in sulfide ores might be present as microinclusions of Au-Ag sulfides.
Stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and palynological data on the Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments of southwestern West Siberia
Authors: Gnibidenko Z.N. , Volkova V.S. , Kuz’mina O.B. , Dolya Zh.A. , Khazina I.V. , Levicheva A.V.
Published: May 2011

The paper presents magnetostratigraphic data on Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments stripped by borehole 8 at the southern periphery of the Om’ basin, in the Ishim–Irtysh interfluve, on the border with northern Kazakhstan. Pollen assemblages and zones have been distinguished, and a paleomagnetic section of borehole 8 has been compiled. The section consists of 11 magnetozones, which are associated with pollen zones and paleocarpological data. The absence of some paleomagnetic and pollen zones from the section suggests that the geological record is incomplete, because the formations in the studied sediments are partly eroded. A dinoflagellate community was first recorded in Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene sediments at the periphery of the Om’ basin. The composition and ecologic characteristics of this community cannot give an unambiguous answer to the question whether seawater could penetrate southwestern Siberia through the Turgai Sea. The composition of pollen and spores from the Lower Oligocene sediments (Novomikhailovka Formation) and from the Chilikty Formation (northern Kazakhstan) is similar and reflects the development of Turgai flora in a huge territory. Later, in the second half of the Miocene, broad-leaved/coniferous forests were replaced by small-leaved ones. In the late Miocene, the latter were replaced by forest steppes with some arid flora.

© 2011, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Raymond Greene: Physician, Mountaineer, and Raconteur
Authors: Rodway George W. , Gibbs Victoria , Windsor Jeremy S.
Published: May 2011

C. Raymond Greene (1901–1982) was a man of many talents. After graduating from medical school in 1927, he spent a decade in general practice. He subsequently became heavily involved in the emerging specialty of endocrinology and went on to gain considerable recognition in the treatment of thyroid disorders before eventually becoming involved in the world of medical publishing. Aside from Greene's mainstream vocational and intellectual pursuits, from boyhood he nurtured a passionate interest in mountaineering—first in his native Great Britain, and then the European Alps, and ultimately in the high Himalayas. His involvement in landmark climbs, such as the successful Kamet venture in 1931 and Everest attempt in 1933, earned him a place in the pantheon of Himalayan explorers and mountaineers and stimulated Green's interest in high altitude physiology and medicine. He made notable additions to the literature on this subject in publications such as Nature and Journal of Physiology. Apart from his remarkable life achievements in the areas of medicine, mountaineering, and publishing, Greene was perhaps best remembered by those close to him (and by contemporary readers who are devotees of his writing) as a peerless storyteller with a sardonic sense of irony.
“Between Detroit and Moscow”: A Left Liberal “Third Way” in the Third Reich
Authors: Kurlander Eric
Published: May 2011

The nature and intentions of Nazi economic policy are once again being hotly contested, although on a new set of terms. No longer is the German bourgeoisie's complicity in the Nazi “seizure of power” or the capitalist underpinnings of Hitler's subsequent aggressions at the center of the discussion. Rather, recent scholarship has chosen to grapple more carefully with the dynamic interplay between economics, race, and social policy in the Third Reich. As David Schoenbaum contended forty years ago, the Third Reich's apotheosization of “national community [Volksgemeinschaft]” led to an array of welfare programs, educational reforms, and “meritocratic” values that may in fact have produced a modern “social revolution.” To be sure, a number of subsequent studies have highlighted longer-term continuities, suggesting that the NaziSozialstaatwas indebted in some part to the legacy of the Weimar Republic and in other respects presaged the social policies of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Historians likewise continue to debate the relative improvement in living standards experienced by the average German under Hitler. Virtually all scholars agree, however, that, regardless of its efficacy, the underpinnings of Nazi social policy are to be located in the Third Reich's drive to construct a racial utopia at home while securing popular support for wars of conquest abroad.
From Institution to ‘Home’: Family Perspectives on a Unique Relocation Process
Authors: Hutchings Darlene , Wells Judith J.L. , O’Brien Kelli , Wells Carla , Alteen Anna Marie , Cake Leslie J.
Published: May 2011

Cette étude phénoménologique et herméneutique a donné un aperçu des expériences des membres des familles des résidents qui ont été diagnostiqués d’une démence légère à modérée et qui ont été déménagés de leur institution de soins dans une résidence medicalisée unique. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été realisées avec 10 membres de la famille, dont six thèmes ont émergé : (a) la communication en cours, (b) de secours et de contentement, (c) des activités significatives, (d) un environnement amélioré, (e) le fonctionnement amélioré, et (f) le personnel engagé. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour la prestation des soins et la planification des programmes futurs dans les soins aux résidents ayant des besoins spéciaux. Surtout, nous pouvons conclure que les résultats axés sur le client des soins produit des résultats positifs pour les résidents et les membres des familles.
Internet Use and Psychological Wellness during Late Adulthood
Authors: Erickson Julie , Johnson Genevieve M.
Published: May 2011

Une population vieillissante est mieux servie par des services d’assistance socials, personnels et de la santé qui visent à maintenir et à maximiser l’autonomie personelle. L’Internet offre des opportunités nombreuses pour les individus de tous âges de commniquer, d’accéder aux informations, et de se livrer à des activités récréatives. Un échantillon à base communautaire de 122 adultes de plus de 60 ans ont rempli un questionnaire qui a évalué les trois groupes de caracteristiques : (a) la fréquence et les modes d’utilisation de l’Internet, (b) le bien-être (la solitude, la satisfaction de vie, l’auto-suffisance, les soutiens sociaux, et la dépression) et (c) les données démographiques (l’âge, le revenu, l’éducation). Des corrélations significatives sont apparues entre les trois groupes de variables mesurées. Tout en contrôlant les différences démographiques, l’utilisation d’Internet et de l’autosuffisance demeurent significativement corrélés. Parmi l’échantillon des personnes plus âgées, celles qui ont utilisé l’Internet plus présentaient une plus forte perception de leur efficacité que celles qui ont utilisé l’Internet que rarement ou pas du tout.
A brief review of foodborne zoonoses in China
Authors: SHAO D. , SHI Z. , WEI J. , MA Z.
Published: May 2011

Foodborne zoonoses have a major impact on public health in China. Its booming economy and rapid socioeconomic changes have affected food production, food supplies and food consumption habits, resulting in an increase in the number of outbreaks of foodborne zoonoses. Both emerging and re-emerging foodborne zoonoses have attracted increasing national and international attention in recent years. This paper briefly reviews the main foodborne zoonoses that have had a major impact on public health over the last 20 years in China. The major causative microorganisms, including foodborne bacteria, parasites and viruses, are discussed. The prevention and control of foodborne zoonoses are difficult challenges in China. The information provided here may aid the development of effective prevention and control strategies for foodborne zoonoses.