bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Unmatched Efficiency and Selectivity in the Epoxidation of Olefins with oxo‐Diperoxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes as Catalysts and Hydrogen Peroxide as Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Maiti Swarup K. , Dinda Subhajit , Bhattacharyya Ramgopal
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Organoboronic Acids to γ‐Hydroxy α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde: Facile Synthesis of Chiral β‐Substituted γ‐Lactones.
Authors: Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C‐2 Arylation of Indoles with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborate Salts.
Authors: Zhao Jinlong , Zhang Yuhong , Cheng Kai
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Adamantane Imidazolines with Trypanocidal Activity.
Authors: Papanastasiou Ioannis , Tsotinis Andrew , Foscolos George B. , Prathalingam S. Radhika , Kelly John M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Mild Procedures for Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Systems.
Authors: Sharghi Hashem , Asemani Omid , Tabaei Seyed Mohamad Hossein
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzoxazoles and Their Binding Affinities to Aβ42 Fibrils.
Authors: Chun Young Shin , Lim Soo Jeong , Oh Seung Jun , Moon Dae Hyuk , Kim Dong Jin , Cho Cheon‐Gyu , Yoo Kyung Ho
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Induced Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1,2‐Benzisoxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Shastri R. A. , Pedgaokar S. V. , Selulkar S. S. , Jadhav S. B.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Some Reactions of 4a′,5′,6′,7′,8′,8a′‐Hexahydro‐4′H‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,9′‐ [1,2,4]triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines].
Authors: Chernyshev Victor M. , Khoroshkin Dmitry A. , Sokolov Andrey N. , Gladkov Eugene S. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Desenko Sergey M. , Taranushich Vitaly A.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR Study of T‐Type Calcium Channel Blockers. Part 2.
Authors: Choe Yun Jeong , Seo Han Na , Jung Soo Yeon , Rhim Hyewhon , Kim Jungahn , Choo Dong Joon , Lee Jae Yeol
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Novel Polycyclic Scaffolds Using Polymer‐Bound Reagents.
Authors: Garcia‐Cuadrado Domingo , Barluenga Sofia , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential C—Si Bond Formations from Diphenylsilane: Application to Silanediol Peptide Isostere Precursors.
Authors: Nielsen Lone , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of Vinylphosphonium Salts from α‐Trimethylsilyl Ylides and Non‐Enolizable Aldehydes.
Authors: McNulty James , Das Priyabrata
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Eudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Senecio ambraceus.
Authors: Xie Wei Dong , Lai Peng Xiang , Zhao Hong , Row Kyung Ho
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation Reactions Using a Galactose‐Based β‐Keto Ester Enolate and Conversion into β‐C‐Galactosides.
Authors: Mondal Dhananjoy , Schweizer Frank
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Quinolizidine and Diaza‐Adamantane Alkaloids from Acosmium dasycarpum (Vog.) Yakovlev—Fabaceae.
Authors: Trevisan Tanja Cecilia , Silva Eliane A. , Dall'Oglio Evandro Luiz , da Silva Luiz Everson , da Silva Velozo Eudes , Vieira Paulo Cezar , de Sousa Paulo Teixeira Jr.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Pyridyl Thioglycosides
Authors: Elgemeie Galal , Eltamny Elsayed , Elgawad Ibraheim , Mahmoud Nashwa
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Aryl‐Tetrahydropyridine PPARα/γ Dual Agonists.
Authors: Lee Chun Ho , et al. et al.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Results in the Development of High Temperature Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Herring J. Stephen , O'Brien James E. , Stoots Carl M. , Housley Gregory
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Model Systems for Investigating the Amorphous Precursor Pathway and Its Role in Biomineralization
Authors: Gower Laurie B.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure in Organic Chemistry on the Way to Miniaturization
Authors: Benito‐Lopez Fernando , Egberink Richard J. M. , Reinhoudt David N. , Verboom Willem
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic O,N‐Acetals
Authors: Kibayashi C. , Yamazaki N.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Gold and Gold—Palladium Catalysts for Selective Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Hutchings Graham J.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Organocatalysis Based on the Molecular Design of Pyrrolidine—Broensted Acid Catalysts
Authors: Saito Susumu , Momiyama Norie , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Arylglycosides via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐thiopyrans and Derivatives
Authors: Block E.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alk‐1‐enyl Selenium Compounds
Authors: Avilov D. , Dittmer D.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of TADDOLs and Their Derivatives in Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of β‐Lactams by [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes and Imines.
Authors: Fu Nanyan , Tidwell Thomas T.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studying natural structural protein fibers by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Arnold Alexandre A. , Marcotte Isabelle
Published: January 2009

As a consequence of evolutionary pressure, various organisms have developed structural fibers displaying a range of exceptional mechanical properties adapted specifically to their functions. An understanding of these properties at the molecular level requires a detailed description of local structure, orientation with respect to the fiber and size of constitutive units, and dynamics on various timescales. The size and lack of long‐range order in these protein systems constitute an important challenge to classical structural techniques such as high‐resolution NMR and X‐ray diffraction. Solid‐state NMR overcomes these constraints and is uniquely suited to the study of these inherently disordered systems. Solid‐state NMR experiments developed or applied to determine structure, orientation, and dynamics of these complex proteins will be reviewed and illustrated through examples of their applications to fibers such as spider and silkworm silks, collagen, elastin, and keratin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 24–27, 2009.
Prognostic index for patients with parotid carcinoma
Authors: Poorten Vincent Vander , Hart Augustinus , Vauterin Tom , Jeunen Gert , Schoenaers Joseph , Hamoir Marc , Balm Alphonsus , Stennert Eberhard , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Delaere Pierre
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Prognostic indices for recurrence‐free interval in patients with parotid carcinoma were developed and validated in a nationwide database. International validation would increase generalizability.

METHODS:

In a Belgian‐German database that contained 237 consecutive patients with parotid carcinoma, a pretreatment prognostic index (PS1) and a post‐treatment prognostic index (PS2) were validated by calculating both indices for each patient, comparing coefficients, constructing survival curves, calculating the concordance measure C, and performing Wald tests for scale and weight optimization of included variables and for the possible inclusion of new variables.

RESULTS:

Sixty‐nine percent of patients (standard error, 5%) were disease free at 5 years. The defined cutoff points for PS1 resulted in 5‐year disease‐free rates from 94% (PS1 = 1) to 42% (PS1 = 4), and the cutoff points for PS2 resulted in 5‐year disease‐free rates from 93% (PS2 = 1) to 40% (PS2 = 4). Concordance measure C was good with 0.74 for both PS1 and PS2. Neither index could be improved statistically using this international database. There was some evidence that additional inclusion of the variable ‘number of positive lymph nodes in the neck dissection specimen’ could enhance the prognostic power of PS2.

CONCLUSIONS:

The prognostic indices performed adequately in this validation sample. Prospective generalized use seems to be well supported. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cancer surveillance behaviors and psychosocial factors among long‐term survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Katz Mira L. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Alfano Catherine M. , Day Jeannette M. , Herndon James E. , Paskett Electra D.
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about cancer surveillance (mammography, clinical breast examination, and pelvic examination) behaviors in long‐term (9‐16 years) breast cancer survivors. This report describes the relation of these behaviors to demographic and clinical characteristics, psychological symptoms, body satisfaction, and social support.

METHODS:

Survivors who had participated in Cancer and Leukemia Group B treatment Trial 8541 completed a survey that included questions on breast cancer surveillance and pelvic examination, psychological well being, body satisfaction, and social support.

RESULTS:

The participation rate was 78% and included 245 breast cancer survivors. Survivors (n = 107; 44%) reported completing breast cancer surveillance (mammography and clinical breast examination) and completing pelvic examination (n = 162; 68%) within recommended guidelines. There were no significant associations between breast cancer surveillance and breast cancer anxiety, depression, stressful life events, body satisfaction, social support, or demographic characteristics. Survivors within recommended guidelines for pelvic examinations were younger (P = .05), married (P = .003), had health insurance (P = .004), and had lower depression scores (P = .005) than survivors who underused or overused pelvic examination. In addition, survivors within recommended pelvic examination guidelines had significantly lower levels of breast cancer anxiety (P = .03) compared with survivors who underused pelvic examination.

CONCLUSIONS:

Many long‐term breast cancer survivors were not within recommended cancer surveillance guidelines. Private health insurance was associated with following recommendations for pelvic examinations, although such a relation did not exist for breast cancer surveillance. The results of this study have implications for the development of educational programs to improve cancer surveillance among the growing population of long‐term breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Identification and localization of myosin superfamily members in fish retina and retinal pigmented epithelium
Authors: Lin‐Jones Jennifer , Sohlberg Lorraine , Dosé Andréa , Breckler Jennifer , Hillman David W. , Burnside Beth
Published: January 2009

Myosins are cytoskeletal motors critical for generating the forces necessary for establishing cell structure and mediating actin‐dependent cell motility. In each cell type a multitude of myosins are expressed, each myosin contributing to aspects of morphogenesis, transport, or motility occurring in that cell type. To examine the roles of myosins in individual retinal cell types, we first used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening to identify myosins expressed in retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), followed by immunohistochemistry to examine the cellular and subcellular localizations of seven of these expressed myosins. In the myosin PCR screen of cDNA from striped bass retina and striped bass RPE, we amplified 17 distinct myosins from eight myosin classes from retinal cDNA and 11 distinct myosins from seven myosin classes from RPE cDNA. By using antibodies specific for myosins IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, VI, VIIA, and IXB, we examined the localization patterns of these myosins in retinas and RPE of fish, and in isolated inner/outer segment fragments of green sunfish photoreceptors. Each of the myosins exhibited unique expression patterns in fish retina. Individual cell types expressed multiple myosin family members, some of which colocalized within a particular cell type. Because much is known about the functions and properties of these myosins from studies in other systems, their cellular and subcellular localization patterns in the retina help us understand which roles they might play in the vertebrate retina and RPE. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:209–223, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Processes in Alizarin‐Sensitized Metal Oxide Mesoporous Films
Authors: Dworak Lars , Matylitsky Victor V. , Wachtveitl Josef
Published: January 2009

Close to the edge: Photoexcitation of alizarin coupled to the surface of mesoporous TiO2 films leads to ultrafast electron transfer to the TiO2 conduction band (see picture). Complex kinetics after photoexcitation depend on the excitation energy, and indicate a position of the alizarin excited state close to the TiO2 conduction band edge, where the density of acceptor states is reduced.

magnified image

The photoinduced dynamics in Al2O3 and TiO2 mesoporous films sensitized by the strongly coupled alizarin dye is investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the spectral range from UV to mid‐IR. Alizarin/Al2O3 acts as a nonreactive reference system, in which no electron transfer is observed. For comparison, the photoexcitation of the alizarin dye coupled to the surface of TiO2 films leads to ultrafast electron transfer from the dye to the TiO2 conduction band on the sub‐100‐fs timescale. We observe a fast relaxation of the alizarin excited state as well as a fast recombination of injected electrons with the alizarin cation on the picosecond timescale, which gives rise to very complex kinetics at short delay times. The infrared measurements clearly indicate that trapping of injected electrons is the main mechanism responsible for the observed long‐lived charge separation in TiO2 mesoporous films. The experimental findings can be explained by a position of the dye excited state close to the conduction band edge.
Ab initio Study of the Interactions between CO2 and N‐Containing Organic Heterocycles
Authors: Vogiatzis Konstantinos D. , Mavrandonakis Andreas , Klopper Wim , Froudakis George E.
Published: January 2009

In the garden of dispersion: High‐accuracy ab initio calculations are performed to determine the nature of the interactions and the most favorable geometries between CO2 and heteroaromatic molecules containing nitrogen (see figure). Dispersion forces play a key role in the stabilization of the dimer, because correlation effects represent about 50 % of the total interaction energy.

magnified image

The interactions between carbon dioxide and organic heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen are studied by using high‐accuracy ab initio methods. Various adsorption positions are examined for pyridine. The preferred configuration is an in‐plane configuration. An electron donor–electron acceptor (EDA) mechanism between the carbon of CO2 and the nitrogen of the heterocycle and weak hydrogen bonds stabilize the complex, with important contributions from dispersion and induction forces. Quantitative results of the binding energy of CO2 to pyridine (C5H5N), pyrimidine, pyridazine, and pyrazine (C4H4N2), triazine (C3H3N3), imidazole (C3H4N2), tetrazole (CH2N4), purine (C5H4N4), imidazopyridine (C6H5N3), adenine (C5H5N5), and imidazopyridamine (C6H6N4) for the in‐plane configuration are presented. For purine, three different binding sites are examined. An approximate coupled‐cluster model including single and double excitations with a perturbative estimation of triple excitations (CCSD(T)) is used for benchmark calculations. The CCSD(T) basis‐set limit is approximated from explicitly correlated second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2‐F12) calculations in the aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis in conjunction with contributions from single, double, and triple excitations calculated at the CCSD(T)/6‐311++G** level of theory. Extrapolations to the MP2 basis‐set limit coincide with the MP2‐F12 calculations. The results are interpreted in terms of electrostatic potential maps and electron density redistribution plots. The effectiveness of density functional theory with the empirical dispersion correction of Grimme (DFT‐D) is also examined.
Preparation of Highly Luminescent CdTe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Jian , Long Yitao , Zhang Yuliang , Zhong Xinhua , Zhu Linyong
Published: January 2009

A good balance: Oil‐soluble CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) that emit in the visible and near‐infrared spectral regions with quantum yields up to 92 % (see figure) are prepared by balancing the coordinating capacity and the activation effect of selected surfactants.

magnified image

An effective shell‐coating route is developed for covering oil‐soluble CdTe quantum dots (QDs), which usually tend to aggregate during the heating‐up process involved in shell formation. The new route is based on balancing the coordinating capacity and the activation effect of selected surfactants. The thus obtained highly luminescent CdTe/CdS core/shell QDs exhibit photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 92 %—among the best results obtained so far for luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. By changing the size of the CdTe core, or the thickness of the CdS shell, the emission colors of the obtained core/shell nanocrystals can be tuned between the visible and near‐infrared regions of the spectrum following an identical procedure.
Pinwheel broadcast paradigm in supporting energy‐saving mobile devices
Authors: Shin Haw‐Yun
Published: January 2009

Because of the limited bandwidth and restricted number of channels in the wireless access environment, the broadcast paradigm has become an important technique for accessing messages. Energy saving is an important issue in the mobile computing environment. In this paper, we propose a multichannel broadcast paradigm that constructs the broadcast channels according to the access frequency of each type of message in order to save energy in mobile devices (MDs). The pinwheel scheduling algorithm (PSA) presented in this paper is used to organize all types of messages in the broadcast channels in the most symmetrical distribution in order to reduce both the tuning time and the access time. The performance of the proposed mechanism is analyzed, and the improvement over existing methods is demonstrated numerically. The results show that the proposed mechanism is capable of improving both the tuning time and the access time due to the presence of skewness in the access distribution among the disseminated messages. When the number of message types increases, both the tuning time and the access time can be further improved as long as a small number of broadcast channels are added. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone lesions: Role of sediment cytology
Authors: Shah Surbhi , Rahman Khaliqur , Siddiqui Farhan , Akhtar Kafil , Zaheer Sufian , Sherwani Rana
Published: January 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of sediment cytology of biopsy specimen fixatives, which is usually discarded, in early diagnosis of bone lesions.

Cytological smears prepared from sediments of biopsy specimen fixatives (sediment cytology) were used to study 65 bone specimens biopsied with suspicion of malignancy. The cytological diagnosis was then compared with histological diagnosis, taking the latter as gold standard.

Smears were adequately cellular and showed good preservation of cellular morphology. Some of the smears showed microfragments of tissue. Cytology labeled 29 lesions as malignant, 26 lesions as benign, 3 as inflammatory, and 7 smears as inconclusive because of low cell yield. Sediment cytology was able to correctly diagnose 58 of 65 lesions. There was no false‐positive or false‐negative case.

The sediment cytology could be considered as an easy and effective diagnostic tool that can provide early diagnosis for the lesion of bone. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a Dazl‐GFP germ cell‐specific reporter
Authors: Nicholas Cory R. , Xu Eugene Y. , Banani Salman F. , Hammer Robert E. , Hamra F. Kent , Reijo Pera Renee A.
Published: January 2009

In this study, we characterized the promoter activity of a 1.7 kb sequence in the 5′ flanking region of the mouse Deleted in Azoospermia‐Like (Dazl) gene. We found the 1.7 kb sequence sufficient to drive robust germ cell‐specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in adult mouse testis and lower levels of expression in adult ovary and in fetal and newborn gonads of both sexes. This expression pattern was confirmed in two independently‐derived transgenic mouse lines. In adult testis, Dazl‐GFP exhibited a developmentally‐regulated, stage‐specific expression pattern during spermatogenesis. GFP was highly expressed in spermatocyte stages, with strongest expression in pachytene spermatocytes. Weaker expression was observed in round and elongating spermatids, as well as spermatogonial cells. In the fetal gonad, GFP transcript was detected by e12.5 in both sexes; however, GFP fluorescence was only detected during later embryonic stages. In addition, we produced mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines harboring the Dazl‐GFP reporter and used this reporter to isolate putative germ cell populations derived from mouse ESCs following embryoid body differentiation and fluorescence activated cell sorting. genesis 47:74–84, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Composite of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan and Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid for Direct Electron Transfer of Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Li Jiangwen , Zhao Faqiong , Wang Guangyin , Gui Zhe , Xiao Fei , Zeng Baizhao
Published: January 2009

A novel composite was fabricated through dispersing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in gold nanoparticle (GPs) colloid stabilized by chitosan and ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIMBF4). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment showed that the GPs highly dispersed on the MWNTs probably due to the electrostatic interaction among GPs, MWNTs and the imidazolium cation of BMIMBF4. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that thus‐formed gold nanostructure was mediated by BMIMBF4. When glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the composite (MWNTs‐GPs) its ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum kept almost unchanged. The immobilized GOD coated glassy carbon electrode (GOD/MWNTs‐GPs/GC) exhibited a pair of well‐defined peaks in 0.10 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with a formal potential of −0.463 V (vs. SCE). The electrochemical process involved two‐electron transfer. The electron transfer coefficient was ca.0.56 and the electron transfer rate constant was 9.36 s−1. Furthermore, the immobilized GOD presented good catalytic activity to the oxidation of glucose in air‐saturated PBS. The Km and Im values were estimated to be 13.7 μM and 0.619 μA. The GOD/MWNTs‐GPs/GC electrode displayed good stability and reproducibility.
Nickel Pyrazolyl Borate Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Analytical Application as Benzoate Selective Sensor
Authors: Singh Udai P. , Aggarwal Vaibhave , Singh A. K. , Mehtab Sameena
Published: January 2009

The complex [TpPh,MeNi(Cl)PzPh,MeH] (I) [TpPh,Me=hydrotris(3‐phenyl‐5‐methyl‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; PzPh,MeH=3‐phenyl‐5‐methyl‐pyrazole] has been synthesized and explored as ionophore for the preparation of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane sensor for benzoate anions. The formation constants for the interaction of complex I with different organic/inorganic anions in solution have also been studied by sandwich membrane method. PVC based membranes of I using tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDDMACl) as cation discriminator and o‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (o‐NPOE), dibutylphthalate (DBP), benzylacetate (BA) and tributylphosphate (TBP) as plasticizing solvent mediators were prepared and investigated as benzoate selective sensors. The best performance was shown by the membrane with composition (w/w) of I (5): PVC (150): NPOE (345): TDDMACl (0.3). The proposed sensor exhibits significantly enhanced selectivity toward benzoate ions over the concentration range 2.2×10−6–1.0×10−1 M with a lower detection limit of 1.4×10−6 M and a Nernstian slope of 59.2 mVdecade−1 of activity within a pH range of 4.5–8.5. The sensor has a response time of 12 s and can be used for at least 8 weeks without any considerable divergence in their potential response. The membrane sensor of complex I have been checked for reversible and accurate sensing of benzoate levels present in liquid food products.
An Organic Sol‐Gel Film as Modifier to Construct Biosensor
Authors: Wu Jian‐Feng , Xu Miao‐Qing , Zhao Guang‐Chao
Published: January 2009

A new amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was developed by adsorbing hemoglobin (Hb) on an organic sol‐gel film. The organic sol‐gel was prepared using resorcinol and formaldehyde as monomers. This sol‐gel film shows a biocompatible microenvironment for retaining the native activity of the adsorbed Hb. The direct electron transfer between Hb and electrode is achieved. Hb adsorbed on the film shows an enzyme‐like catalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2. The reduction peak currents are proportional linearly to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 6×10−8 to 3.6×10−6 M, with a detection limit of 2.4×10−8 M (S/N=3). This research enlarges the applications of organic sol‐gel materials in biosensor field.
Influence of image‐analysis software on quantitation of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis data
Authors: Stessl Martina , Noe Christian R. , Lachmann Bodo
Published: January 2009

Image analysis of two‐dimensional gels is a crucial step in a proteomic workflow and has a direct impact on obtained qualitative and quantitative data. Since the analysis is a complex process and creates large data amounts, the use of a respective software is inevitable. There are only a few papers published addressing the issue of analysis‐based variance; therefore, our aim was to highlight the discrepancy of received results when different commercially available image‐tools are used for gel analysis especially in terms of comparability of the obtained outcome when the same digital image set is used. A set of six gels (three replicates per group) of real‐life samples was created and examined with two different versions of PD‐Quest (Bio‐Rad) (version 6.1 and its update version 8.0) and with an external image‐tool Delta 2D (Decodon) (version 3.6). Replicate groups were analyzed and compared with each other with regard to volume ratios of a group of significantly changed spots. The study points out significant variations among results depending on the software package used, underlining the importance of a careful investigation of post‐experimental processes to receive comparable and reliable results.
A confrontation of 1D and 2D RKDG numerical simulation of transitional flow at open‐channel junction
Authors: Ghostine R. , Kesserwani G. , Mosé R. , Vazquez J. , Ghenaim A. , Grégoire C.
Published: January 2009

In this study, a comparison between the 1D and 2D numerical simulation of transitional flow in open‐channel networks is presented and completely described allowing for a full comprehension of the modeling water flow. For flow in an open‐channel network, mutual effects exist among the channel branches joining at a junction. Therefore, for the 1D study, the whole system (branches and junction) cannot be treated individually. The 1D Saint Venant equations calculating the flow in the branches are then supplemented by various equations used at the junction: a discharge flow conservation equation between the branches arriving and leaving the junction, and a momentum or energy conservation equation. The disadvantages of the 1D study are that the equations used at the junction are of empirical nature due to certain parameters given by experimental results and moreover they often present a reduced field of validity. On the contrary, for the 2D study, the entire network is considered as a single unit and the flow in all the branches and junctions is solved simultaneously. Therefore, we simply apply the 2D Saint Venant equations, which are solved by a second‐order Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method. Finally, the experimental results obtained by Hager are used to validate and to compare the two approaches 1D and 2D. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil water dynamics under surface trickle irrigation as affected by soil hydraulic properties, discharge rate, dripper spacing and irrigation duration
Authors: Elmaloglou S. , Diamantopoulos E.
Published: January 2009

This study was carried out to determine the effects of discharge rate, irrigation duration and inter‐emitter distances on the wetting front advance patterns and on deep percolation under surface trickle irrigation. For this purpose a cylindrical flow model incorporating evaporation and water extraction by roots, was used in order to optimize the use of irrigation water. The mathematical model was applied to two different soil types: loamy sand and silt. Two irrigation depths (18 and 30 mm), two spaces between the emitters (80 and 60 cm) and two discharge rates (2 and 4 l h−1) were used. The initial condition for the two involved soils was that of uniform initial moisture content.

From the analysis of the different numerical experiments, it is concluded that for the same irrigation depth, the same dripper spacing and the same soil (for time t ≤ ti) the vertical component of the wetted zone is greater for a smaller discharge rate than for a higher one. It was noticed that there was a faster overlapping of the wetted bulbs in the fine‐grained soil and that deep percolation seems to be lower in the fine‐grained soil than in the coarse‐grained. Deep percolation increases as applied irrigation depth increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating spirituality into alcohol treatment
Authors: Delaney Harold D. , Forcehimes Alyssa A. , Campbell William P. , Smith Bruce W.
Published: January 2009

Spirituality is presumed by millions of Americans to be directly relevant to problems of alcohol abuse. We summarize findings regarding the role of religion and spirituality in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse and present a case illustration. We also consider mechanisms responsible for these effects. We offer advice about why, by whom, and how religion and spirituality should be discussed with clients with substance use disorders. In a recent clinical trial, therapists trained in a client‐centered approach to facilitate exploration of spirituality fostered clients' use of spiritual practices. We suggest that the therapist's ability to skillfully engage clients in a discussion of spirituality is largely determined by how the therapist balances the dual roles of authoritative expert and evocative facilitator. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:185–198, 2009.
Clusterin is a short half‐life, poly‐ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rizzi Federica , Caccamo Alessandro Emanuele , Belloni Lucia , Bettuzzi Saverio
Published: January 2009

The Clusterin (CLU) gene produces different forms of protein products, which vary in their biological properties and distribution within the cell. Both the extra‐ and intracellular CLU forms regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dis‐regulation of CLU expression occurs in many cancer types, including prostate cancer. The role that CLU plays in tumorigenesis is still unclear. We found that CLU over‐expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Here we show that depletion of CLU affects the growth of PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. Following siRNA targeting all CLU mRNA variants, all protein products quickly disappeared, inducing cell cycle progression and higher expression of specific proliferation markers (i.e., H3 mRNA, PCNA, and cyclins A, B1, and D) as detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. Quite surprisingly, we also found that the turnover of CLU protein is very rapid and tightly regulated by ubiquitin–proteasome mediated degradation. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide showed that CLU half‐life is less than 2 h. CLU protein products were found poly‐ubiquitinated by co‐immuniprecipitation. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 caused stabilization and accumulation of all CLU protein products, including the nuclear form of CLU (nCLU), and committing cells to caspase‐dependent death. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition may induce prostate cancer cell death through accumulation of nCLU, a potential tumor suppressor factor. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 314–323, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly connected monochromatic subgraphs of multicolored graphs
Authors: Liu Henry , Morris Robert , Prince Noah
Published: January 2009

We consider the following question of Bollobás: given an r‐coloring of E(Kn), how large a k‐connected subgraph can we find using at most s colors? We provide a partial solution to this problem when s=1 (and n is not too small), showing that when r=2 the answer is n−2k+2, when r=3 the answer is ⌊(n−k)/2⌋+1 or ⌈(n−k)/2⌉+1, and when r−1 is a prime power then the answer lies between n/(r−1)−11(k2−k)r and (n−k+1)/(r−1)+r. The case s≥2 is considered in a subsequent paper (Liu et al.[6]), where we also discuss some of the more glaring open problems relating to this question. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory 61: 22‐44, 2009
A tale of two psychologies: The Høffding–Lehmann controversy and the establishment of experimental psychology at the University of Copenhagen
Authors: Pind Jörgen L.
Published: January 2009

Alfred Lehmann (1858–1921) was the pioneer of experimental psychology in Denmark. He established a laboratory of psychophysics in Copenhagen in 1886 after spending a winter in Wundt's laboratory. Philosophical psychology had been taught for the better part of the nineteenth century at the University of Copenhagen and had enjoyed a positivistic turn with the philosophers Harald Høffding (1843–1931) and Kristian Kroman (1846–1925). Shortly after establishing his laboratory, Lehmann criticized Høffding's theory of “unmediated recognition,” which led to a sharp dispute between them on the nature of recognition. It has been claimed that this was a direct cause of Lehmann's slow advance at the University of Copenhagen. Archival sources show that Høffding, though having a very different conception of psychology from Lehmann, was on most occasions supportive of Lehmann and thus played an important role in establishing experimental psychology at the University of Copenhagen. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative T2 mapping during follow‐up after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT): Full‐thickness and zonal evaluation to visualize the maturation of cartilage repair tissue
Authors: Welsch Goetz H. , Mamisch Tallal C. , Marlovits Stefan , Glaser Christian , Friedrich Klaus , Hennig Friedrich F. , Salomonowitz Erich , Trattnig Siegfried
Published: January 2009

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the potential of in vivo zonal T2‐mapping as a noninvasive tool in the longitudinal visualization of cartilage repair tissue maturation after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Fifteen patients were treated with MACT and evaluated cross‐sectionally, with a baseline MRI at a follow‐up of 19.7 ± 12.1 months after cartilage transplantation surgery of the knee. In the same 15 patients, 12 months later (31.7 ± 12.0 months after surgery), a longitudinal 1‐year follow‐up MRI was obtained. MRI was performed on a 3 Tesla MR scanner; morphological evaluation was performed using a double‐echo steady‐state sequence; T2 maps were calculated from a multiecho, spin‐echo sequence. Quantitative mean (full‐thickness) and zonal (deep and superficial) T2 values were calculated in the cartilage repair area and in control cartilage sites. A statistical analysis of variance was performed. Full‐tickness T2 values showed no significant difference between sites of healthy cartilage and cartilage repair tissue (p < 0.05). Using zonal T2 evaluation, healthy cartilage showed a significant increase from the deep to superficial cartilage layers (p < 0.05). Cartilage repair tissue after MACT showed no significant zonal increase from deep to superficial cartilage areas during baseline MRI (p > 0.05); however, during the 1‐year follow‐up, a significant zonal stratification could be observed (p < 0.05). Morphological evaluation showed no significant difference between the baseline and the 1‐year follow‐up MRI. T2 mapping seems to be more sensitive in revealing changes in the repair tissue compared to morphological MRI. In vivo zonal T2 assessment may be sensitive enough to characterize the maturation of cartilage repair tissue. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 957–963, 2009
Optimization of separation and online sample concentration of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and related compounds using MEKC
Authors: Wang Man‐Juing , Tsai Chih‐Hsin , Hsu Wei‐Ya , Liu Ju‐Tsung , Lin Cheng‐Huang
Published: January 2009

The optimal separation conditions and online sample concentration for N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related compounds, including α‐methyltryptamine (AMT), 5‐methoxy‐AMT (5‐MeO‐AMT), N,N‐diethyltryptamine (DET), N,N‐dipropyltryptamine (DPT), N,N‐dibutyltryptamine (DBT), N,N‐diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT), 5‐methoxy‐DMT (5‐MeO‐DMT), and 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐DiPT (5‐MeO‐DiPT), using micellar EKC (MEKC) with UV‐absorbance detection are described. The LODs (S/N = 3) for MEKC ranged from 1.0 ˜ 1.8 μg/mL. Use of online sample concentration methods, including sweeping‐MEKC and cation‐selective exhaustive injection‐sweep‐MEKC (CSEI‐sweep‐MEKC) improved the LODs to 2.2 ˜ 8.0 ng/mL and 1.3 ˜ 2.7 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the order of migration of the nine tryptamines was investigated. A urine sample, obtained by spiking urine collected from a human volunteer with DMT, was also successfully examined.
Open tubular CEC in a microfluidic chip for rapid chiral recognition
Authors: Zhang Guisen , Qian Chungen , Xu Youzhi , Feng Xiaojun , Du Wei , Liu Bi‐Feng
Published: January 2009

Chiral recognition of dansyl enantiomeric amino acids by microfluidic open tubular CEC (μOTCEC) with fluorescence detection was demonstrated. Avidin was employed as the chiral selector immobilized on the microchannel wall, which functioned as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) by physical adsorption. The condition of CSP on the glass wall was characterized using field emission SEM. Results indicated that avidin was homogenously distributed on the microchannel surface. Two parameters that played essential roles in μOTCEC for chiral recognition were investigated. Buffer pH could greatly change the amount of adsorption of avidin on the channel wall by altering the electrostatic attraction between them. Methanol, the organic additive to the running buffer, was also found significant for controlling the quality of the μOTCEC chiral separation by regulating the hydrophobic interaction between the enantiomers and the CSP. Under the optimized conditions, four dansyl racemic amino acids were then successfully separated by μOTCEC within 100 s with resolutions of 2.43, 1.88, 3.01 and 2.65 for dansyl‐Ser, dansyl‐Met, dansyl‐Thr and dansyl‐Val, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison with microfluidic CZE was investigated demonstrating that μOTCEC was a promising method for rapid chiral recognition.