bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saving Time and Annihilating Space: Discourses of Speed in AT&T Advertising, 1909-1929
Authors: Hadlaw Jan
Published: February 2011

In the early years of the 20th century, advertisements for the telephone—especially those created for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T)—did far more than sell the public on telephone service. They can be seen as constituting a pedagogy of modernity that was instrumental in shaping modern conceptions of time and space in the social imagination. This essay draws on numerous examples of telephone advertising and illustrates how they deployed representations of time and space in the discursive construction of speed as a product of the telephone. The author argues that the tropes of speed engaged by these advertisements aligned the possibilities afforded by modern technology with the acceleration of capitalism itself.
Fluid Text, Total Design: The Woodberry Poetry Room as Idea, Collection, and Place
Authors: Mattern Shannon
Published: February 2011

The 2006 renovation of Harvard University’s Woodberry Poetry Room, one of the few American designs by the noted Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, sparked an international controversy over the means and ends of architectural preservation. Arching over these debates about architectural heritage, the responsibility of the Harvard administration, the quality of Fixler’s renovation, and so on, were larger, often unarticulated, questions about what constitutes a poetic text or an architectural work, whether they have definitive forms, and what their responsibilities are to the people who use them. I explain how the different constituents invested in this specific project bring to the table different understandings of the purpose of the room and its preservation, and the distinction between the physical design and the “institution” and collection it houses. I argue that the controversy over the recent renovation reflects disagreement regarding the fluidity or fixity of the architectural “object” and the poetic text—disagreements informed by theoretical and pragmatic debates in librarianship, pedagogy, media and literary studies, and architectural preservation.
Chiral Analysis of Amino Acids by Synergistic Heteroaggregation with Porphyrins at Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Takechi Hideaki , Watarai Hitoshi
Published: February 2011

At the interface of the toluene/water system, H4TPyP4+ and CuTPPS4− formed heteroaggregates, which could recognize the chirality of d- and l-phenylalanines (Phe) and other amino acids, though neither H4TPyP4+ nor CuTPPS4− could indicate the chirality of the amino acids. The composition of H4TPyP4+:CuTPPS4− in the aggregate was estimated as 1:1 as reported in an aqueous solution. But, CD spectra of the interfacial heteroaggregates were different from that in the aqueous solution, suggesting different chiral interaction. The present results suggest a new mode of the interfacial chiral reaction exhibited by the synergistic effect of the heteroaggregation of the inversely charged porphyrins.
An α-Carboline-containing Host Material for High-efficiency Blue and Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Motoyama Takao , Sasabe Hisahiro , Seino Yuki , Takamatsu Jun-ichi , Kido Junji
Published: February 2011

An α-carboline derivative, 9,9′-m-phenylenedi-α-carboline (mCaP) was designed and synthesized as a host material for phosphorescent OLEDs. By using a combination with phosphorescent emitters such as FIrpic and Ir(ppy)3, we have successfully developed high-performance OLEDs with a power efficiency (ηp,100) at 100 cd m−2 of 37 lm W−1 for blue, and 94 lm W−1 for green, respectively.
Evidence-based policy or policy-based evidence? Reflections on Scottish experience
Authors: Sanderson Ian
Published: February 2011

Devolved government in Scotland is maturing and seeking new policy approaches to complex economic and social problems. A recent shift of focus towards outcomes signals potential strengthening of the role of evidence in policy making and the development of strategic policy frameworks has involved extensive use of evidence. The way in which evidence is used in policy making depends upon particular circumstances so it is necessary to be cautious about generalisations such as ‘policy-based evidence’. The pragmatic notion of ‘intelligent policy making’ provides an appropriate normative conception to inspire our efforts to change our increasingly complex world for the better.
Evidence Check: knowledge brokering to commission research reviews for policy
Authors: Campbell Danielle , Donald Braedon , Moore Gabriel , Frew Deborah
Published: February 2011

Evidence Check, a programme managed by the Sax Institute in Sydney, Australia, assists Australian policy makers to commission quality reviews of research to inform health policy decision making. The programme involves an iterative knowledge brokering process to formulate and refine the scope of and questions for the review. The knowledge brokering process is particularly important to overcome barriers that have traditionally impeded the use of evidence in policy decision making by facilitating the creation of linkages and exchange between policy and researchers. Feedback from policy makers and researchers indicates that the use of knowledge brokers has enhanced the value of reviews commissioned through Evidence Check.
Tidying up the environment: A journey from exponential curves to hydrodynamics in environmental batch dissolutions
Authors: Truesdale Victor W.
Published: February 2011

This paper reviews progress made over the last decade with the shrinking object approach to the kinetics of batch dissolution. It demonstrates how the O’Connor–Greenberg equation leads to three dissolutions: those that remain well undersaturated, those that saturate with a great excess of solid left-over, and those in the middle ground where saturation is approached or attained, but where much of the solid originally added dissolves. The equations that describe these conditions are discussed, alongside sample results that validate their use with test substances, for example, salts, sucrose, silica gel, and gypsum. The equations are then shown to be consistent with the hydrodynamic approach to dissolution. Finally, further work with middle-ground dissolutions of gypsum lead to a mechanism for the back-reaction, which involves the CaSO40 ion-pair. After comparison with existing studies of calcium carbonate dissolution, it is argued that this is a universal mechanism for salt dissolutions. The work improves batch dissolution as a technique to the point where it can be used synergistically with chemo-stat and rotating disc approaches. Suggestions are made for greater standardization in dissolution conditions, especially in environmental work where the data collected has to have global consistency.
Parent and Athlete Perceptions of Special Olympics Participation: Utility and Danger of Proxy Responding
Authors: Glidden Laraine Masters , Bamberger Katharine T. , Draheim Angela R. , Kersh Joanne
Published: February 2011

Participation in athletics has benefits for persons with intellectual disabilities and their parents. Our purposes here were to confirm these benefits and to determine whether reports from athletes and parents were comparable (i.e., to test the validity of proxy responding). We conducted interviews with 34 Special Olympics sailing/kayaking athletes and their parents. Interviews took place at a regional Special Olympics competition and 12 months later by telephone. Findings suggest that Special Olympics participation has a positive impact on parents and athletes. However, relative to athletes, parents overstated the benefit, indicating that parental proxy responding should not be routinely used.
Cracks in steel structures
Authors: Mann Allan
Published: February 2011

Under overload, the mode of failure in any steel structure should ideally be ductile not brittle; the possibility of cracking in steelwork should thus be actively guarded against. Historically, steel cracking has caused some spectacular failures. Steel can fracture rapidly at low temperature and can crack during welding, in fatigue or as a result of stress corrosion. Certain fabrication processes such as welding, flame cutting and punching exacerbate the risks, especially if the steel is ‘thick’. Galvanising can also be a risk factor. Design engineers should understand potential cracking mechanisms and risk factors to minimise the likelihood of in-service failure. This paper discusses the historical background of cracking, explains causes and suggests avoidance measures.
This one will bring the house down
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: February 2011

Systemic failure can hit companies of any size. Resulting catastrophic losses can take many forms: safety, commercial and reputational. This paper examines the roles of leadership and supervision in creating a safe working culture and avoiding disaster. It emphasises that commercial and safety failures usually share common underlying causes. Furthermore, it contends that the management systems and culture in many – perhaps in most – firms do not adequately protect the company, its employees, its customers or the public from potential catastrophe.
Consolidation around partially embedded seabed pipelines
Authors: KROST K. , GOURVENEC S.M. , WHITE D.J.
Published: February 2011

When a pipeline is laid on a soft clay seabed, excess pore pressure is generated. During the subsequent dissipation process, the effective stress at the pipe–soil interface and the available axial pipe–soil resistance rise. This ‘set-up' of axial resistance is an important consideration in various aspects of pipeline design, including the mitigation of thermal and pressure-induced expansion, the stability of the pipeline on sloping ground and the assessment of pipe–soil forces during installation. A set of finite-element analyses has been conducted to assess the pore pressure dissipation and consolidation beneath partially embedded seabed pipelines, extending existing solutions for strip footings. It is shown that the curved shape of a pipeline increases the normalised rate of consolidation compared with a strip footing. Dissipation curves for various levels of embedment are presented and the calculated response is shown to compare well with data from a field test conducted on a soft clay. The dissipation curves have been used to derive the development of effective contact force between the pipe and the seabed as consolidation progresses. These results highlight the significant enhancement of this force – and therefore the available axial resistance – that arises from a ‘wedging effect' related to the curvature of the pipe–soil contact surface. This wedging effect leads to a beneficial enhancement of the axial resistance.
Mechanical properties of cemented scrap rubber tyre chips
Authors: TSOI W.Y. , LEE K.M.
Published: February 2011

Lightly cemented scrap rubber tyre chips have been proposed as a ductile, porous and lightweight geomaterial for various engineering applications. Both drained and undrained triaxial compression tests on the material were conducted. Despite the high flexibility of the rubber chips and hence their higher ductility, the material behaviour was found to be generally similar to that of typical cemented soils. Data points with the same deviatoric strain in p′–q space were linked up to form a series of equi-deviatoric strain lines, and a degradable cohesion intercept is observed in the plot. There was also a tentative critical state line in p′–q–e space (e being the void ratio) that was consistent with the corresponding ‘parent soil' (unbonded, cement-coated chips). In an unloading–reloading stress–strain curve the unloading path was practically identical to the reloading path in a constant-p′ test, but more curved in a consolidated drained test.
Vietnamese construction workers’ attitude to health and safety
Authors: Tutesigensi Apollo , Phung Ba Nhan
Published: February 2011

The Vietnamese construction industry has a poor health and safety (H&S) record. H&S performance is influenced by, among other things, stakeholders’ attitude. Construction site workers are major stakeholders in H&S. If attitude to rights and responsibilities in relation to H&S among construction workers is understood, it may be managed to improve H&S performance. Against this background, a questionnaire survey of 408 construction workers in Vietnam was undertaken to measure the workers’ attitude to their rights and responsibilities and to establish the key factors that influence it. The results suggest that construction workers have, generally, a positive attitude to their rights and responsibilities. The results also suggest that there is significant association between the worker’s attitude to H&S and gender, number of dependants and amount of training. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is no significant association between the worker’s attitude and their age, marital status, level of education and experience. The survey leads to the conclusion that H&S performance in the Vietnamese construction industry could be improved by adopting a holistic approach to managing H&S, promoting mixed-gender work teams, and designing regular and lifelong H&S training programmes that provide for, among other things, understanding of social consequences of poor H&S performance.
A task-based safety model for construction projects
Authors: Liang Daan , Song Lingguang , Branham Terri
Published: February 2011

Construction remains one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States according to labour statistics. In recent years, the opportunity to accelerate the integration of design and construction activities has risen to allow maximum accident reduction while minimising adverse impact on project cost and schedule. This paper introduces a novel safety model formulated upon the statistical relationship between construction trades and their corresponding occupational risks. In the model, a project is broken down into a group of construction tasks for which the potential risk of accidents is estimated based on trade classifications of performing workers, historical accident rates and durations of exposure. When aggregated, these results reflect the estimated level of safety risk for a specific project as derived explicitly from its physical features. The estimate is further refined by incorporating non-physical features such as contract type, contractor’s experience, risk-sharing mechanism and site conditions. This model can be applied not only to produce an initial hazard assessment useful to safety professionals but also to allow architects and contractors to evaluate different design options for risk-mitigation purposes.
A framework of task demand factors for residential framing
Authors: Mitropoulos Panagiotis , Guillama Vince
Published: February 2011

In the USA, framing contractors consistently have the highest rate of non-fatal injuries of all speciality contractors. Residential framing contractors face additional challenges, partly due to the exception of ‘residential type’ activities from fall protection regulations. This study investigated residential framing accidents with a focus on the task features that affect the task difficulty of the residential framing activities and consequently the likelihood of errors and accidents. The study analysed 654 safety incidents that occurred over a period of 5 years 6 months in a large residential framing company. Accident analysis and interviews with safety and production experts identified the high-risk tasks, the errors that lead to incidents and the task elements that increase the likelihood of errors. The study identified five task factors that increase the task difficulty of residential framing activities and consequently the likelihood of accidents: (a) support conditions; (b) body posture constraints; (c) load-handling requirements; (d) tool accuracy requirements; and (e) external forces. The combination of these factors generates high task demands that can lead to errors and accidents. Reducing the task difficulty (independent of the hazards) is an important safety strategy that can reduce the likelihood of accidents while at the same time it can increase productivity.
Going Home: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Nursing Home Discharge
Authors: Meador Rhoda , Chen Emily , Schultz Leslie , Norton Amanda , Henderson, Charles , Pillemer Karl
Published: February 2011

This article describes barriers to nursing home discharge encountered in an intervention designed to transition nursing home residents to the community. Staff in the intervention (“Project Home”) provided intensive case management and discharge planning services to nursing home residents who expressed a desire to return to community-based living arrangements. Sixty program participants took part in the program evaluation that informs this article. With the exception of Medicaid status, no differences were found between the social, demographic, and health characteristics of individuals who remained in the nursing home and those who were discharged. A qualitative analysis was conducted to describe barriers to discharge and strategies intervention staff used to leverage each client’s strengths and work around obstacles. Three main barriers to discharge were found: having an unstable or complex medical condition, lacking family or social support, and being unable to obtain suitable housing. Intervention staff advocated on the behalf of clients, encouraged clients to build skills toward independent living, and contributed extensive knowledge of local resources to advance client goals. Cases of successful transition suggest that a person-centered approach from intervention staff combined with a flexible organizational structure is a promising model for future interventions.
Challenges in the management of corneal ulcer
Authors: Singh SK
Published: February 2011

DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4269Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5): 1-2
Eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in xeroderma pigmentosa: A therapeutic challenge
Authors: Kaur A , Agarawal P , Jaiswal V
Published: February 2011

A 10-year-old male, Muslim child diagnosed with xeroderma pigmentosa with a right upper lid malignancy presented as a therapeutic challenge because of the non-availability of normal facial skin for grafting and lid reconstruction. The lid lesion had been present for the last one month. The disease had been present for past five years with polymorphous, erythematous lesions all over the body. On examination, there was a hard reddish yellow mass in the lower lid with features of secondary infection along with corneal xerosis in both eyes. With a clinical diagnosis of malignancy, the lesion was subjected to a wide excision after the investigations. The resultant large tissue defect in the right lower lid region was managed by a full thickness trans-midline lateral forehead flap based on superficial temporal artery. Post operatively, there was a satisfactory graft uptake. The paucity of surgical options for the plastic reconstruction coupled with the large area to be reconstructed made our case worth reporting. Key words: erythematous; malignancy; forehead flap; excision DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4285Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):86-87
Pilomatrixoma of eyelid in a middle aged
Authors: Passi N , Chawla U , Joyti A , Khurana AK
Published: February 2011

Background: Pilomatrixoma , also known as Malherbes’s calcifying epithelioma, known to occur in children, is not common especially in middle aged and those below 10 years of age . Pilomatrixoma presents as a firm skin nodule on eye lid or eye brow, so should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions involving eyelids. Case: A 45-year-old male presented with a swelling in the left upper lid for the last 4 months. There was firm to hard non tender nodule measuring 1.5 cm. x 1.5cm in size on the lateral aspect of the left upper eye lid , involving the lid margin with variegated appearance of overlying skin with a few ulcerated areas on the surface. A presumptive diagnosis of meibomian gland carcinoma was made and an excision biopsy with primary lid repair was carried out. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Conclusion: The present case is reported to sensitize the ophthalmologists to think beyond chalazion and meibomian gland carcinoma for a firm, nodular, non ulcerated, painless lid swelling. Key words: Pilomatrixoma; Malherbes's calcifying epithelioma; eyelid nodule  DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4286Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):88-90
Frontal sinus mucopyelocele with intracranial and intraorbital extension
Authors: Gupta S , Goyal R , Shahi M
Published: February 2011

This case is related to a 52-year-old lady with proptosis, diplopia and diminution of vision due to a mass lesion in upper medial quadrant of the orbit. CT scan revealed a well defined mass in basi-frontal area with intra-orbital and intracranial extension. On exploring it was found to be mucopyocele of the frontal sinus. Surgical excision was done by external approach. The symptoms and signs resolved completely within a week. Frontal sinus mucopyoceles are benign and curable. Early recognition and management of them is of paramount importance because they can expand and cause local, orbital or intracranial complications. Keywords: Mucocele; mucopyocele; paranasal sinuses; visual loss; proptosis  DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4287Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):91-92
Use of epidemiological principles in research and scientific publications - future perspective
Authors: Wagle RR
Published: February 2011

DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4296Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):94
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Some Secondary Alcohols by Benzimidazolium Dichromate
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Panday Dinesh , Kothari Seema
Published: February 2011

Benzimidazolium dichromate (BIDC), in dimethylsulfoxide, oxidizes secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones. The reaction is first order with respect to BIDC. The order with respect to alcohol is more than one but less than two. Michaelis - Menten type kinetics were observed with respect to alcohol. The formation constants of the alcohol-BIDC complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures.

The oxidation of deuterated 2-propanol indicated the presence of a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect. The reaction exhibited a second order dependence on hydrogen-ion concentration. The reaction was studied in nineteen organic solvents. The solvent effect was analyzed using multiparametric equations. It was found that the cation-solvating power of the solvent played the major role. The rates of oxidation exhibited an excellent correlation with polar and steric substituent constants. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Excavations at Kintraw, Argyll, 1979
Authors: Cowie T G
Published: February 2011

Summary

The standing stone at Kintraw fell in March 1979 and, before being re-erected, its socket was investigated. This proved to be relatively shallow compared with the height of the stone but firm packing and careful balancing had evidently ensured its stability.
Excavations at Castle Street, Glasgow
Authors: Chilton Thomas
Published: February 2011

Summary

Parts of a ditch, walling and two drains of Medieval date were discovered during the excavation. These features had been damaged to a considerable extent by the construction and demolition of both a 17th century building and a 19th century tenement. The latter was levelled in 1979. The early structural remains are thought to belong to the Govan Manse which once stood to the north of the Provand's Lordship. Few finds contemporary with the medieval building were recovered.
Field Monuments on Machrie Moor, Arran
Authors: Barnatt J , Pierpoint S J
Published: February 2011

Summary

A field survey of the moor provided evidence of a rich cluster of prehistoric sites, several newly discovered. A division of the mom was indicated, with some parts containing ‘secular sites’, suchas houses, walls and clearance cairns, and others with, ‘ceremonial monuments’, including stone circles and burial cairns.
Excavation of the Cross Base at Kilnave, Islay
Authors: Barber John
Published: February 2011

Summary

Beneath the packing stones of the present socket of the Kilnave Cross, the basal slab of what has been interpreted as a cist-type cross base was located. The foot of the cross had been trimmed to a tenon which was redundant in the cist-type base and therefore relates to an earlier type of mounting. Approximately half of what may be the upper slab of the cist-type cross base was located in the churchyard. This type of base has been noted at St John's Cross at Iona and a similar one of 12th century date at Noughaval, Co Clare. It is argued that cist-type cross-bases are generally late, possibly 11th or 12th century or later.
Lesmahagow Priory: Excavations 1978
Authors: Wordsworth Jonathan , Gordon Alistair R
Published: February 2011

Summary

In 1978 proposed redevelopment of the site of the Priory of Lesmahagow, founded in 1144, was mooted and the Clydesdale District Council permitted its excavation. This revealed the foundations of the cloister garth and walks, the south range including the complete lay-out of the refectory, almost the full extent of the west range and part of the east range of the monastic complex. Such was the extent of the remains that the District Council decided to amend the development scheme and to preserve the remains as a public amenity. Although the structural remains were extensive, with the exception of a long sequence of coins, the survival offinds from the monastic period was poor; the majority of these belonged to the post-monastic period.
Excavations at Ardnadam, Cowal, Argyll, 1964-1982
Authors: Rennie Elizabeth B
Published: February 2011

Summary

This multi-period site in Ardnadam Glen had been occupied by man intermittently through five millennia. It is not possible to estimate the length of each of the eight periods described owing to the scarcity of datable finds although the Early Neolithic and the Iron Age occupations are fixed approximately by radio carbondating. The Early Neolithic is represented by pottery, flint tools, hearths, post holes and banks of stone; the later Neolithic, by the remains of a round house and pottery. An Iron Age occupation is suggested by the remains of two round houses, followed by an early Christian settlement with an enclosure, a possible house, a possible ‘cell’, graves, cross-marked stones and a chapel. The Medieval period is represented by remains of another house, datable pottery, paving, evidence of iron-working and charcoalburning. Later activity is incidental, but the area was probably usedas a burial ground until late Medieval times. The entire site stands on an alluvial fan and suffered at intervals from the flow of surface water across the various levels, which destroyed most of the detail of the earlier occupations. There were, however, sufficient remains in the post holes, paths, and hearths to reconstruct the probable shape and sequence of events.
Freswick Castle, Caithness: report on rescue excavations carried out in 1979
Authors: Batey Colleen E , Morris Christopher D , Rackham D James
Published: February 2011

Summary

‘Rescue’ excavations took place at Freswick Castle in 1979. In two short excavations, despite much modern disturbance, it was possible to identify substantial structural elements below the modern Castle building, and some related occupation phases. The earlier occupation phases had pottery of the distinctive ‘grass-tempered’ type found on the neighbouring site of Freswick Links. This is conventionally dated to the Late Norse period (11th-13th centuries), but it is clear that the castle site has had occupation up to the present day. A Mediaeval site probably lies below the Garden. Biological material, and other artefactual data, is consistent with assemblages from recent work at Freswick Links. However, due to the nature of the deposits and their disturbance, it was not possible to present either a finely-calibrated chronology or an environmental analysis on a quantitative basis. Further work at the site might clarify certain aspects of the 1979 work — as will analysis of the results from Freswick Links.
Excavations at Farm Fields, Kinloch, Rhum 1984-85: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Wickham-Jones C R , Pollock Dave
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavations on Rhum have revealed extensive evidence of mesolithic occupation with pits, postholes and a lithic assemblage including over 200 microliths. A range of radiocarbon dates, beginning early in the seventh millennium be, indicates that hunter-gatherer activity may have continued intermittently on the site for around four thousand years.
Iron Age and Early Historic Occupation of Jonathan's Cave, East Wemyss
Authors: MacKie Euan W
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavations in 1980 in front of the Well Cave 3 and Jonathan's Cave (which contains Pictish carvings) uncovered a clear sequence of deposits on top of a raised beach; these included probably Iron Age and Pictish levels, and Medieval and recent layers. More of the strata in front of Jonathan's cave were exposed by new sea erosion in 1985. A full report on the discoveries is being prepared by the SDD.
Impact on the Scottish Iron Age of the discoveries at Leckie broch
Authors: MacKie Euan W.
Published: February 2011

Summary

The paper reviews some of the evidence for the nature of the broch phenomenon and its origins, using the discoveries at Leckie broch as a starting point. It is concluded that, contrary to a commonly held view, there is evidence for a new phase of contact of some kind between Atlantic Scotland and distant regions like southern England, Ireland and Brittany, a phase which defines the middle Iron Age and sees the onset of the broch-building cultures. As far as the nature of broch society is concerned, it is becoming increasingly clear that the buildings themselves were the defended farmhouses of a minor tribal aristocracy each having the allegiance of several hundred tribesmen and women, and presumably themselves owing allegiance to a tribal chief.
A dun on Eilean Righ, Loch Craignish, Argyll
Authors: Brown Marilyn , Cowie Trevor
Published: February 2011

Summary

While carrying out fieldwork in Mid Argyll in preparation for Volume 6 of the Inventory of Argyll, members of the staff of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland were informed by the owners of Eilean Righ of the results of an excavation carried out within a dun on the island (NCR NM 80390219). The finds from the excavation were subsequently presented to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland (now Royal Museum of Scotland, Queen Street, Edinburgh). This short note consists of a description of the dun and a brief account of some parallels (MB), and a catalogue and description of the finds (TC).
Excavation of an earthwork at Cnoc a' Chaisteil, Alness, Easter Ross, 1983.
Authors: Rideout J S , McCullagh R P J , Barlow A , Barnetson L , Gibson A , Tavener P N
Published: February 2011

Summary

This promontory fort on the Cromarty Firth in northeast Scotland may have been built as early as the 6th century be but secondary use occurred in the 10th or 11th centuries ad. There were no finds from these early occupations.
A round bottomed vessel from a new archaeological site at Papadil, Rum
Authors: Wickham-Jones CR
Published: February 2011

Summary

A substantial fragment of a round-bottomed bowl has been recovered from a new shell midden site on the island of Rum.
Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction
Authors: Atkinson John A , Dickson Camilla , Downes Jane , Robins Paul , Sanderson David
Published: February 2011

Summary

Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.
Ardnadam, Cowal, Argyll, further Thoughts on the Origins the Early Christian Chapel
Authors: Rennie Elizabeth B
Published: February 2011

Summary

The 1964–82 excavations of the enclosure at Ardnadam Glen were reported in the Journal 11 (Rennie 1984). The early Christian levels of this multi-period site were not reported in detail since further analysis and more research was required. The result of this further work, including a reinterpretation of the site and its phasing, are presented here. The Early Christian monuments were all within a turf and stone bank and ditch. Although the enclosure bank may have been constructed in the Iron Age, the interior contained a chapel dating to the Early Christian era and burial ground for children.
Excavations of Two Iron Processing Sites at Scabgill and Boghall, Clydesdale, 1991
Authors: Strachan R J , Hamilton J E , Armit I , Ralston I B M
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavations were carried out on two sites containing traces of iron ore processing, as part of the N-W Ethylene Pipeline Project, funded by Shell Chemicals UK Ltd. The excavations at Scabgill revealed a small part of an iron ore processing site apparently dating to the later medieval period or earlier. At nearby Boghall, a small furnace was excavated, which, while not itself datable, was also used in the processing of low grade, bog iron ores.
A Circular Feature of possible Prehistoric Date in the Grounds of Langside College, Glasgow
Authors: Topen Dennis A
Published: February 2011

Summary

Aerial photography has revealed a complex of cropmarks consisting of concentric rings surrounding a central feature, which may indicate the presence of a prehistoric ritual or burial site.
Models, Sources and Users: Historical Database Design in the 1990s
Authors: Denley Peter
Published: February 2011

This article considers the fundamental differences between two emergent approaches to historical database work, the ‘model-oriented’ , traditional, results-driven, relational database approach, which is quite clearly what the majority of historians want, need and will continue to adopt, and the ‚source oriented’, ‚database as edition’ way exemplified by Kteioi. These approaches are seen as legitimate alternatives belonging to different approaches to historical research. Their relative strengths and weaknesses are discussed, including the issues ofsuitability to particular types ofresearch, functionality, userfriendliness, relative learningcurves andresults. The article ends by assessing future prospects, particularly as exemplified by current 'user-oriented' software development in the Netherlands.
Establishing a Flexible Model for Port Book Studies: The Recent Evolution of the Gloucester Port Book Database
Authors: Milne Graeme J. , Paul Marek
Published: February 2011

This article discusses the conversion of the Gloucester coastal port book database to a relational microcomputer system, and offers the new structure as a flexible model for the computerisation of port books. The relational structure is ideal for maintaining a core of common data while enabling those working with ports other than Gloucester to take account of local variations.
Record Linkage Algorithms: Efficiency, Selection and Relative Confidence
Authors: Harvey Charles , Green Edmund
Published: February 2011

Using the case material of the Westminster Historical Database, this article describes how 30 record linkage algorithms were evaluated to select the optimum algorithm for linking poll book data. It stresses the importance of relative confidence in linkage algorithms, and shows how more discriminating algorithms may increase both confidence in linked records and rates of record linkage.
Corpus-based Name Standardization
Authors: Bloothooft Gerrit
Published: February 2011

A method is described to standardize nominal data on the basis of a combination of rules and a probabilistic similarity measure. Onomastic corpora are used to estimate the probability of spelling variations automatically. These corpora are also the basis for finding the most likely standard for a name not encountered before.
A Computer Management System for Probate Inventories
Authors: Overton Mark
Published: February 2011

A software package for the computer management of probate inventories is described which is based on the principle that software should be tailored to historical data rather than the other way round.
Historical Demography, Life-cycle Reconstruction and Family Reconstitution: New Perspectives
Authors: King Steve
Published: February 2011

This article explores the nature of record linkage in conventional family reconstitution studies, building upon previous pieces in this journal. It argues that the record linkage process on which reconstitution is based compromises the results obtained in two ways. First, it generates bias in the types of life-cycle detected. Second, because it assumes that potential links without obvious competition should be made, it generates a range of incorrect linkages. This article suggests that a better approach to life and demography in early modern communities might lie in the reconstruction of enriched life-cycles from which demographic data can be culled, rather than the explicit creation of demographic sub-samples.
Bridging the Gap between Quantitative and Qualitative Historical Research: an application of multiple regression analysis and homogeneity analysis with alternating least squares
Authors: Andrés María del Mar del Pozo , Braster Jacques F A
Published: February 2011

In this article we propose two research techniques that can bridge the gap between quantitative and qualitative historical research. These are: (1) a multiple regression approach that gives information about general patterns between numerical variables and the selection of outliers for qualitative analysis; (2) a homogeneity analysis with alternating least squares that results in a two-dimensional picture in which the relationships between categorical variables are graphically presented.
Distributing Large Historical Census Samples on the Internet
Authors: Ruggles Steven , Sobek Matthew , Gardner Todd
Published: February 2011

A new project at the University of Minnesota will provide data extraction and distribution over the Internet of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series – a database which integrates all existing national samples of the US census from 1850 to 1990 into a consistent format.
Upper-level Ontologies for Health Information Systems
Authors: Umar A. , Raghupathi W.
Published: February 2011

Objectives: We examine the potential of archetype patterns for upper-level ontology development in health information systems (HISs).

Methods: Archetype patterns, based on the integration of archetype concepts and design patterns, are conceptualized and developed for ontology in the HIS domain. The UML provides the underlying modeling support.

Results: We argue in favor of the archetype pattern providing models for upper-level ontologies in HIS. This, in turn, has the potential to offer a foundation for interoperability across HIS applications and enterprises. Our research also shows the limitations of current ontology development methods as well as the challenges faced in archetype pattern development. The framework has potential for general, widespread usage. Overall, this approach supports ontology development in HIS.

Conclusions: The research demonstrates the applicability of archetype patterns to ontology development in HIS. While numerous ontologies exist in biomedicine, there are few well-developed ontologies for general healthcare. Properly modeled, archetype patterns have potential to reconcile the differences in high-level design views across health care inter-enterprises. Future research can focus on governance, standards and tools for archetype patterns, as well as development of a comprehensive set of high-level healthcare archetype patterns.
Outcomes Assessment of the Regional Health Information Exchange
Authors: Asikainen P. , Gissler M. , Siponen K. , Maass M. , Saranto K. , Suominen T. , Mäenpää T.
Published: February 2011

Background: The implementation of a technology such as health information exchange (HIE) through a Regional Health Information System (RHIS) may improve the mobilization of health care information electronically across organizations. There is a need to coordinate care and bring together regional and local stakeholders.

Objectives: To describe how HIE had influenced health care delivery in one hospital district area in Finland.

Method: Trend analysis was used to evaluate the influence of a regional HIE. We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal study for the period 2004–2008 for the eleven federations of municipalities in the study area. We reviewed statistical health data from the time of implementation of an RHIS. The t-test was used to determine statistical significance. The selected outcomes were the data obtained from the regional database on total appointments, emergency department visits, laboratory tests and radiology examinations, and selected laboratory tests and radiology examinations carried out in both primary care and special health care.

Results: Access to HIE may have influenced health care delivery in the study area. There are indications that there is a connection between access to regional HIE and the number of laboratory tests and radiology examinations performed in both primary care and specialized health care, as observed in the decreased frequency in outcomes such as radiology examinations, number of appointments, and emergency department visits in the study environment. The decreased frequencies of the latter suggest an increased efficiency of outpatient care, but we were not able to estimate to what extent the readily available comprehensive clinical information contributed to these trends.

Conclusion: Outcome assessment of HIE through an RHIS is essential for the success of health information technology (HIT) and as evidence to use in the decision-making process. As health care information becomes more digital, it increases the potential for a strong HIE effect on health care delivery.
Room temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanotubes with high precision wall thickness by electroless deposition
Authors: Boehme Mario , Ionescu Emanuel , Fu Ganhua , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: February 2011

Conductive nanotubes consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO) were fabricated by electroless deposition using ion track etched polycarbonate templates. To produce nanotubes (NTs) with thin walls and small surface roughness, the tubes were generated by a multi-step procedure under aqueous conditions. The approach reported below yields open end nanotubes with well defined outer diameter and wall thickness. In the past, zinc oxide films were mostly preferred and were synthesized using electroless deposition based on aqueous solutions. All these methods previously developed, are not adaptable in the case of ITO nanotubes, even with modifications. In the present work, therefore, we investigated the necessary conditions for the growth of ITO-NTs to achieve a wall thickness of around 10 nm. In addition, the effects of pH and reductive concentrations for the formation of ITO-NTs are also discussed.
Modeling Queue Service System in Pedestrian Simulation
Authors: Li De Wei , Han Bao Ming
Published: February 2011

Pedestrian simulation is widely used on the assessment of facility design and crowd safety control. It proposed a grid-based model of queue simulation system considering human physiology and psychology. Both logic queue system and animation queue system are modeled separately. Deadlock deal mechanism is designed. The proposed model established a good interface between the pedestrian behavior, queue system and animation. It can reproduce phenomenon like traffic shock wave effectively. A case study is shown by simulation of ticket vendor machine layout assessment in Beijing South Railway Station. It concluded that the model is effective and adapted to large scale systems.
Research on the Influence of Motion Perception Ability on Football
Authors: Ma Li
Published: February 2011

In order to study the internal cognitive rules and characteristics of football motion perception ability development and then apply the changing rules to training and practice, the paper analyzes the interrelation between perceptual system and football sports through testing and comparing with the basic theory of motion perception in sports psychology, the result of which shows that good motion perception ability plays an important role in enhancing football skills.
An Operating System Architecture Design for Heterogeneous Multi-Core Processor Based on Multi-Master Model
Authors: Jiang Jian Chun , Wang Tong Qing
Published: February 2011

The traditional distributed operating system (OS) and homogeneous multiprocessors OS are not suitable for heterogeneous multi-core processor (HMP) in real-time and efficiency performance. After researching the structure and the development trend of the HMP, this paper presents a multi-master model real-time operating system architecture for HMP, which is designed with symmetric structure and functional modularization, and every kernel can manage resources, tasks and other shared devices as a master to improve the real-time and efficiency performance, to solve the bottle-neck problem that the single master can not satisfy the requirement of performance with increasing of the slave number. This architecture can adapt to different structure processor core with configurable function module. On the other hand, it can also reduce the development difficulty of the heterogeneous multi-core processor OS.
Design of Digital Substation Automation Models Based on GOOSE Communication Mechanism
Authors: Yu Zhen , Huang Hao , Cheng Shu Yan , You Ye
Published: February 2011

In this study, the author takes the reconstruction of an 110kv digitized power substation as the case research object. To achieve these requirements of intelligentizing device in substations and networking device as well as communication, this reconstruction creates data modeling and gateways design in IEDs of space layers. Communication in space layers utilizes GOOSE network communication mechanism specified by IEC61850 standards instead of busbar signals in traditional protection, which resolves more hard-wire connections existing in each outlet together with subsection protections and simple busbar protections in traditional patterns and complex problems of secondary circuit.
An Improved Value Reduction Algorithm Based on Core Value
Authors: Du Wei , Wang Wei
Published: February 2011

Value reduction algorithm can filter and delete redundant conditional attribute value, so as to obtain decision rule of information system with least conditional attribute values. Based on the introduction of basic value reduction algorithm, the paper supplemented functions. Aiming at the circumstance of there is no repeated record and no conflict after deleting some attributes of a record, the algorithm supplement it. The example of value reduction based on the improved algorithm illustrated that it is an effective value reduction algorithm and an important supplement of basic value reduction algorithm.
Research on Development Cost Management of Small and Medium-Sized Real Estate Enterprises
Authors: Niu Li Wen , Zhou Qi , Chen Ming , Jiang Jun
Published: February 2011

As mainstay industry in national economy，small and medium-sized real estate enterprises can play an important part in the development of national economy. Through the whole processes of real estate development, cost control which is concerned by all small and medium-sized real estate enterprises is more and more becoming an important part of management of real estate development. By using of principal component analysis and SPSS, this paper can make quantitative analysis to the development cost of nine small and medium-sized real estate companies in Shanghai to find out the main problems in small and medium-sized real estate enterprises and then give out the corresponding solutions.