bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO DIREITO A ESTAR SÓ AO DIREITO AO ESQUECIMENTO. CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS INFORMATIZADOS NO DIREITO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: SENTIDO, EVOLUÇÃO E REFORMA LEGISLATIVA
Authors: Silveira Alessandra , Marques João
Published: January 2017

O direito à privacidade (originariamente reconhecido como o direito a estar só) sofreu consideráveis desenvolvimentos desde as suas primeiras referências doutrinárias nos EUA do séc. XIX – e já não se compadece integralmente com as necessidades de proteção de internautas que definitivamente não querem estar sós, mas querem ter o direito a ser esquecidos. O tratamento de dados pessoais e sua livre circulação no espaço da União Europeia é regulado pela Diretiva 95/46, de 24 de outubro de 1995. Este ato jurídico europeu i) obriga os Estados-Membros à adoção de garantias semelhantes em todo o espaço da União e ii) estipula procedimentos-regra quanto ao fluxo de dados pessoais para países terceiros. Foi, sem dúvida, uma referência mundial naquela matéria, especialmente por ter entrado em vigor num período em que os riscos associados às tecnologias da informação ainda não eram evidentes. Contudo, o crescente recurso a meios eletrónicos desatualizou as garantias entretanto previstas contra o tratamento e a utilização abusiva de dados pessoais informatizados. Por isso, a partir de 2018, a matéria da proteção de dados pessoais será disciplinada noutros termos na União Europeia. O presente texto procura i) captar o sentido e a evolução do direito à proteção de dados pessoais informatizados no direito da União, sobretudo a partir da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, assim como ii) perspectivar as principais alterações decorrentes da aplicação do novo pacote legislativo de proteção de dados pessoais no espaço da União e, nesta medida, o futuro daquele direito fundamental na Europa.
MEMÓRIA E INSTITUIÇÃO: A FACULDADE DE DIREITO DA UFPR ENTRE 2008 E 2016
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo Marcelo
Published: January 2017

Discurso de entrega do cargo como Diretor da Faculdade de Direito da UFPR, em cerimônia ocorrida no dia 1o de agosto de 2016, no Salão Nobre do Prédio Histórico da UFPR.
DISCURSO DE POSSE DO CARGO DE DIRETORA DA FACULDADE DE DIREITO DA UFPR
Authors: Chueiri Vera Karam de
Published: January 2017

Discurso de posse do cargo de Diretora da Faculdade de Direito da UFPR, em cerimônia ocorrida no dia 1o de agosto de 2016, no Salão Nobre do Prédio Histórico da UFPR.
Risk-based Performance, Nature of Property and Executive’s Steady Compensation: Evidence from Chinese Corporations
Authors: Bu Danlu , Shalchian Homayoon
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we analyze the steadiness of executive compensation relative to the financial performance of Chinese enterprises. We dissociate the firm’s operating performance and risk-based performance (changes in firm’s fair value) and we examine separately the steadiness of executive compensation relative to each portion of a firm’s performance. Our results show that in China, executive compensation is somewhat steady relative to the firm’s performance and more particularly to the firm’s risk-based performance. Our results also suggest that executive compensation is relatively steadier in the Chinese state-owned enterprises and, more particularly, in the firms controlled by local (provincial) governments.
Forecasting Large Price Declines of the Nikkei Using the S&P 500 Implied Volatility
Authors: Tsuji Chikashi
Published: January 2017

This paper empirically examines the forecast power of the previous day’s US implied volatility for large declines of the Nikkei by using several versions of quantile regression models. All our empirical results suggest that the previous day’s US S&P 500 implied volatility has forecast power for large price drops of the Nikkei 225 in Japan. Since we repeatedly and carefully tested the several left tail risks in price changes of the Nikkei and we also tested by using some different versions of quantile regression models, our evidence of the predictive power of the S&P 500 implied volatility for downside risk of the Nikkei is very robust.
Immersive learning in nursing education: Results of a study
Authors: Ditzel Liz Mary , Hogarth Karole , Lesa Raewyn
Published: January 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an immersive teaching and learning approach for undergraduate nurses. Traditional classroom tutorials were combined with self-directed learning using LabTutor™, an online learning platform, and clinical nursing simulation using high fidelity manikins. Learning modules were designed to link the student’s knowledge and understanding of biosceince with clinical assessment and nursing management in order to develop clinical decision-making skills. It was anticipated that students’ learning experience would be enhanced by the higher level of realism that is possible using the sophisticated manikins and authentic patient clinical data and case notes provided in LabTutor™.Methods: The study took place in a New Zealand School of Nursing in 2014. Qualitative data was gathered using focus groups and an external facilitator. Quantitative data was gathered using an online survey.Results: Participants were second year undergraduate nursing students (N = 111): 71 (64%) interviewees, and 82 (73%) survey respondents. Qualitative data showed that the immersive learning process was effective. Quantitative data affirmed that immersive learning was liked, confidence improved, students enjoyed the process, and would recommend it to others. Using simulation and patient case studies were preferred teaching strategies. Performing experiments, and using digital LabTutor™ technology challenged many, but skills improved over the year.Conclusions: The immersive learning approach was effective. However, despite the high level of authenticity made possible by using high fidelity manikins, realism was hard to establish. An unexpected learning outcome occurred when intermittent technology malfunction prompted students to use problem-solving skills.
Analysis of a Moodle-based training program about the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Evolution Theory and Natural Selection
Authors: Stasinakis Panagiotis K. , Kalogiannnakis Michail
Published: January 2017

In this study we aim to find out whether a training program for secondary school science teachers which wasorganized based on the model of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), could improve their individual PCK for aspecific scientific issue. The Evolution Theory (ET) and the Natural Selection (NS) were chosen as the scientificissues of interest. Both of them are fundamental in biology teaching, especially the ET which can be taught as aunifying theory of biology. The individual PCK of teachers can be improved by strengthening its components:knowledge, pedagogy and managing the context. The principals and content of the seminar were decided based onthe results of another study among Greek teachers for the characteristics of their PCK about ET, NS and Nature OfScience (NoS). The seminar involved 16 secondary school teachers. We found that all trainees improved theirindividual PCK and felt adequate to teach more effectively the ET and the NS to their students. All participantsthrough the activities they performed, moved to a more constructive and learner-centered teaching style compare towhat they used to do before the training program.
Prostitution: The Enconomics of Sex and Power Dynamics in El Saadawi’s Woman At Point Zero, Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked and Unigwe’s On Black Sisters Street
Authors: Otu Oyeh O.
Published: January 2017

Many feminist writers and critics have projected female prostitution as a radical and aggressive strategy aimed at undermining patriarchal values and wresting power and subjectivity from men. Many have argued that through prostitution women revolt against the traditional double standards which on one hand grant men license to be sexually adventurous, promiscuous and unfaithful to their partners, and on the other hand legislate and enforce grave moral and social sanctions against women who engage in the same acts. Such critics aver that women move from the position of passive sex objects designed for men’s sexual pleasures to the position of agency and subjectivity that enable them express their sexuality, and more importantly use their bodies to turn men to objects of sexual and economic exploitation. But this paper argues that sex is a huge industry ultimately controlled by men. The three African novels studied here reveal that from sex tourism, ownership and management of hotels and brothels, to the mafia-like transnational business of trafficking in women, men control the sex industry, and that prostitution, by objectifying and commodifying the woman’s body, makes women (female prostitutes to be specific) objects of sexual and economic exploitation and victims of modern day slavery.
Recentste sectoronderzoek van de Europese Commissie: Staatssteun, capaciteitsmechanismen en energiezekerheid
Authors: Kleis M.
Published: January 2017

Recentste sectoronderzoek van de Europese Commissie: Staatssteun, capaciteitsmechanismen en energiezekerheid

Het sectoronderzoek van de Europese Commissie in 2015-2016 is de eerste toepassing van dit instrument op het gebied van staatssteun en tegelijk een onderzoek in een sector die op het ogenblik veel veranderingen ondergaat: de energiesector. Eind 2016 zal de Europese Commissie het eindverslag van het onderzoek publiceren. Het tussenbericht laat al eerste conclusies toe. Een van de belangrijkere conclusies betreft de vraag naar de noodzaak van staatsteun voor energiezekerheid in de huidige, en toekomstige, energiemarkten.

Europese Commissie, ‘Tussentijds verslag van het sectoronderzoek naar capaciteitsmechanismen’, C(2016) 2107 final

Europese Commissie, ‘Commission staff working document accompanying the interim report of the sector inquiry on capacity mechanisms’, SWD(2016) 119 final
THE IMPACTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE’S JOB SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF SUPPORTIVE SERVICE OFFICERS
Authors: Tsogtsuren Bayasgalan , Tugsuu Gerelkhuu
Published: January 2017

Employee’s job satisfaction is one of the main influential factors for the effectiveness of human resource development. We studied a comparison between public and private universities academic staffs of organizational culture and workplace structure, job satisfaction and commitment. In this study, we try to study more theoretical framework of job satisfaction in position among public officers in Mongolia. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of organizational justice, organizational culture, knowledge management and employee engagement on job satisfaction among public officers. This research topic has been studied and is well-known in worldwide. In Mongolia, context the topic of study has been developed at low level. Data collected and analyzed from descriptive research can help public sector employees understand factors of job satisfaction. Therefore, the research methodology organized and used some information from statistical calculations in Mongolia. Data were collected from 213 participants who work in public organizations. The participants were from Mongolian cities such as Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan and Erdenet and districts near to Ulaanbaatar city, including Nalaikh, Khutul, Baganuur. The results showed that effects of all factors such as organizational justice and culture, knowledge management and employee engagement had positive impacts on job satisfaction.
DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AS A DIRECTION OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES
Authors: А. Bakey , N.Т. Shaykenova
Published: January 2017

Currently, production diversification strategy is one of the primary tasks of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Mongolia. In particular, the question of the relevance of diversification of production in crop farming, is particularly acute in terms of ensuring the sustainability of agricultural production, restructuring the production in line with market conditions, achieving economic efficiency of crop production. There are a number of issues to be solved for the effective use of the diversification of production in crop production, such as:the negative impact of risks, reduction of volumes of sales and profitability of crop production (economic);underutilization of production capacity, not fully used working capital (technology);cyclical nature of economic development, slow pace of development of scientific and technological progress, the uneven development of sectors of the economy (organizational);deterioration of soil quality and land used in crop production (ecology).
Can We Limit a Right to Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Authors: Yao Teresa ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2017

In each US state that has legalized physician-assisted suicide, the law stipulates that it may be pursued only by terminally ill patients with a prognosis of six months or less to live. It appears that this requirement makes euthanasia laws more palatable for the general public. However, this restriction is not justified by the reasoning commonly used to support assisted suicide. The desire to alleviate suffering and uphold personal autonomy should require that assisted suicide be allowed for individuals who do not have a six-month prognosis. The author concludes that a moral contradiction arises for individuals who support limited assisted suicide but oppose unrestricted suicide because acceptance of the former logically leads to acceptance of the latter.
Maternal–Fetal Conflict and Periviability
Authors: Vincelette Alan ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2017

A recent statement of consensus held that the principle of double effect would allow the induction of a previable fetus in order to eliminate a grave and present danger to the life of a mother suffering from peripartum cardiomyopathy. The author responds to this declaration, points out some limitations preventing it from being a vehicle for broader agreement, and offers an alternative, namely, medical induction of labor in cases of maternal–fetal vital conflict can be justified if the fetus has at least a fair chance of survival. This support of induction in cases of periviability considers the interests of both fetus and mother and, unlike the earlier consensus statement, can be defended by those who hold that one’s moral intention includes both the ultimate and proximate ends, or the immediate consequences of one’s act.
Advance Directives to Withhold Oral Food and Water in Dementia
Authors: Heath Ann M. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2017

Euthanasia advocates have recently begun counseling people to create advance directives calling for oral food and water to be withheld if the person reaches a certain stage of dementia. The author shows that these directives are in fact requests for euthanasia, and they leave vulnerable people subject to poor-quality care. Both surrogate decision makers (health care proxies) and Catholic institutions have a moral obligation not to implement such directives, and surrogates, rather than withdrawing as proxies, have a moral obligation to advocate for the life and proper care of the incompetent person. Finally, the author argues that society is morally culpable if it does not strongly resist euthanasia in all its forms. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 16.3 (Autumn 2016): 421–434.
Revision of the Australian millipede genus Pogonosternum Jeekel, 1965, with descriptions of two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: Decker Peter , Mesibov Robert , Voigtländer Karin , Xylander Willi E.R.
Published: January 2017

The southeastern Australian millipede genus Pogonosternum Jeekel, 1965 is revised. Pogonosternum nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902), P. adrianae Jeekel, 1982 and P. laetificum Jeekel, 1982 are redescribed; P. jeekeli Decker, sp. nov. and P. montanum Decker, sp. nov. are described from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. P. nigrovirgatum infuscum Jeekel, 1982 and P. coniferum Jeekel, 1965 are junior synonyms of P. nigrovirgatum (Carl, 1902). An updated key to all five species of the genus is presented.
Perfil epidemiológico das emergências traumáticas assistidas por um serviço pré-hospitalar móvel de urgencia
Authors: Gomes Andréa Tayse de Lima , Silva Micheline Da Fonseca , Dantas Bruno Araújo da Silva , De Miranda Jéssica Maria Arouca , Melo Gabriela De Sousa Martins , Neves Dantas Rodrigo Assis
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Describir el perfil epidemiológico de las emergencias traumáticas asistidas por un servicio de urgencia prehospitalaria móvil en el Nordeste de Brasil.

Métodos: Estudio documental y cuantitativo, realizado a partir de registros de asistencia de las urgencias entre enero y junio de 2014 y la muestra se compone de 1.960 fichas. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para recopilación de datos y el análisis fue por estadística descriptiva.

Resultados: Destacaron los Accidentes de Tráfico (AT) - 67,7%; caídas (17,1%); y perforación por armas de fuego (6,8%). La mayoría de los involucrados eran hombres (76,2%), encuadrados en el grupo de edad jóvenes adultos (46,6%) y el mayor número de ocurrencias fue el fin de semana (37,4%). De éstas, 58,1% tuvieron traumatismo leve y el 44,0% no sufrió politraumatismo. Se observó que hubo negligencia con respecto a la anotación de la escala de coma de Glasgow en 39,0% de los casos.

Conclusión: Entre las emergencias traumáticas atendidas, los AT ocurrieron en mayor proporción en domingo, involucrando adultos jóvenes de sexo masculino. Se destaca que la negligencia de los profesionales en cuanto a las anotaciones básicas en losl registros de asistencia son responsables por generar dificultades para el desarrollo de la investigación. Y con respecto a los procesos judiciales, está claro que no hay soporte documental en cuanto a la asistencia prestada.
Classes de anti-hipertensivos e sua combinação entre pessoas com hipertensão arterial sistêmica no sistema publico
Authors: Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Silva Patrícia Costa dos Santos da , Gonçalves Isabela Wilson Paiva , Gomes Daisy Moreira , Machado Juliana Pereira , Veiga Eugenia Velludo
Published: January 2017

Este estudio analiza las clases de antihipertensivos prescritos y su cantidad en la ingesta diaria en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) en el sistema público y la asociación entre la cantidad de fármacos antihipertensivos prescritos y el control de la presión arterial en dos municipios brasileños.

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en 2014, con 757 personas registradas en las unidades de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de un municipio de Minas Gerais y São Paulo. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, Universidad de São Paulo, CAAE: 02313012.4.0000.5393. Para la recogida de los datos fueron utilizados instrumentos validados para caracterizar la muestra y para el levantamiento de las  medicaciones antihipertensivas utilizadas.

Se encontró que el tratamiento farmacológico se produce de forma combinada y el consumo diario entre la gente era de más de un medicamento en la última semana, en Minas Gerais, 201 (55,8%), en São Paulo 253 (63,7%). Al verificar la asociación entre la cantidad de medicamentos antihipertensivos no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa.

Los datos presentados permiten concluir que las prescripciones de antihipertensivos para la muestra estudiada son consistentes con las pautas recomendadas por el cuaderno de atención primaria del Ministerio de Salud.
Autocuidado em Diabetes Mellitus: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Simplício de , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes , Ferreira Josefa Danielma Lopes , Lima Carla Lidiane Jácome de
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Para asignar la literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre el auto-cuidado para las personas con diabetes mellitus.

Método: Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico, cuya muestra constaba de 85 artículos publicados en el periodo 2005-2015, disponible en Scielo, Lilacs, Medline y Scopus.

Resultados: Los estudios se centran en los últimos cinco años; Son publicados principalmente en revistas internacionales, destacando The Diabetes Educator Journal. En cuanto a los nacionales, 20 (23,4%) trabajos están distribuidos en revistas de investigación en enfermería; 51 (67,1%) autores son enfermeros y 53 (69,7%) son médicos; 78 (91,8%) estudios son artículos originales, 55 (64,7%) transversales, 60 (80,0%) cuantitativos, 37 (43,5%) están en Inglés; 51 (64,6%) se realizaron en ambulatorios y 55 (64,7%) con personas con diabetes tipo 2; el instrumento más utilizado fue el genérico, 26 (34,2%); seguido del Summary of Diabetes Self-care activities, 24 (31,6%); el tema más discutido fue el efecto de la educación en el autocuidado, 13 (15,3%); el páis con mayor número de estudios fue Brasil, con 33 (39,1%).

Conclusión: Las investigaciones sobre el autocuidado de la DM son lideradas por enfermeras, con especial atención a la enseñanza. Se hace hincapié en la falta de estudios analíticos y experimentales que muestran la necesidad de estudios con este tipo de corte de manera que las hipótesis que han surgido en los estudios de observación puedan ser probadas y así avanzar en la investigación, contribuyendo a la adherencia para el auto-cuidado.
Validación facial de la escala Nursing Activities Score en tres unidades de cuidado intensivo en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Fajardo Quintana Julio Cesar , Cruz Sarmiento Monica , Mora Yezid , Torres Leguizamon Laura Milena
Published: January 2017

Introducción: La medición de cargas de trabajo en enfermería es fundamental para objetivizar la relación enfermera-paciente. Se asume que a mayor complejidad de los pacientes, es mayor el tiempo de dedicación de una enfermera a la provisión de cuidados directos

Método: Se usará la adaptación transcultural de la escala Nursing Activities Score (NAS) al español, compuesta por 23 ítems que miden tareas clínicas y administrativas de enfermeras en UCI. Se someterá el instrumento a un juicio de expertos usando el método delphi de dos rondas para corroborar la validez de contenido del instrumento. Se aplicará la razón de validez de contenido (RVC) y el índice de validez de contenido (IVC) para establecer la utilidad de cada uno de los ítems. Posteriormente, se aplicará el instrumento a una muestra de profesionales de enfermería de tres unidades de cuidado intensivo polivalentes, aplicando los mismos estadísticos de prueba.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron datos de RVC significativos para la mayoría de los ítems, tanto en la ronda de expertos como en el muestreo con profesionales. Aunque hay algunos ítems que no obtuvieron el puntaje mínimo para que se consideren válidos, el índice global IVC en la muestra de expertos y profesionales se considera satisfactorio, por lo que se considera que la escala puede ser válida con modificaciones.
Proposal for Nursing Diagnosis: Post Female Genital Mutilation Syndrome
Authors: Jiménez-Ruiz Ismael , Almansa Martínez Pilar , Juall Carpenito Lynda
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Desarrollar un diagnóstico enfermero para la detección y prevención de la MGF.

Metodología: La creación del presente diagnóstico se basa en un exhaustivo estudio bibliográfico en bases de datos como LILACS, CUIDEN, TESEO y Web of Sciencie; y otras fuentes documentales de organismos internacionales.

Resultados principales: Síndrome post Mutilación Genital Femenina se define como: el deterioro de una serie de dominios de la salud como consecuencia de una mutilación genital femenina. Este diagnóstico se sitúa en el dominio 11, seguridad/protección y se posiciona en la clase 3: violencia.

Se establecen para él las siguientes características definitorias: fase aguda, respuestas físicas crónicas, respuestas relacionadas con la sexualidad, alteraciones obstétricas crónicas y respuestas psicológicas.

Conclusión principal: La creación del presente diagnóstico de síndrome facilita a los y la profesionales de enfermería el abordaje de las consecuencias sobre la salud de la Mutilación Genital Femenina y sitúa a Enfermería como una pieza clave para su abordaje y erradicación.
Youth-voice driven after-school science clubs: A tool to develop new alliances in ethnically diverse communities in support of transformative learning for preservice teachers and youth
Authors: Rahm Jrène , Malo Annie , Lepage Michel
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we draw on data collected in the context of a three-year action research project that involved the development of after-school science clubs in three high schools in ethnically diverse communities, made possible through a partnership between a university, the schools and the community. We document the evolution of a youth-voice driven science club over time and the kind of transformative learning it supported for youth who are for the most part first-generation immigrants growing up in an underserved urban centre. We also explore how the alliance between the university, the school and the community enriched the learning ecologies of the participating youth and how it was experienced by the instructors and preservice teachers who pursued service learning projects in the clubs as part of their university course work in education. We show how such diverse experiences offer rich insights into ways of building alliances among schools, community resources and the university to support equity-driven practices that are inclusive and supportive of ethnically diverse youth with complex immigration histories.
Enseignants non immigrants et enseignants immigrants : convergences et divergences autour de la relation entre école et familles immigrantes
Authors: Liboy Malanga-Georges , Mulatris Paulin
Published: January 2017

En tenant compte du défi de la communication école-famille, cette étude tente d’identifier les solutions esquissées par les professionnels de l’enseignement issus des communautés culturelles et de leurs collègues canadiens en Alberta. Les propos des participants et participantes sont analysés en s’inspirant du modèle écosystémique de Bronfenbrenner. À partir de quelques divergences et convergences observées dans les opinions des deux groupes d’enseignants, quelques pistes de solution qui amélioreraient la communication entre l’école et les familles immigrantes sont discutées.
Suppression of C9orf72 RNA repeat-induced neurotoxicity by the ALS-associated RNA-binding protein Zfp106
Authors: Celona Barbara , Dollen John von , Vatsavayai Sarat C , Kashima Risa , Johnson Jeffrey R , Tang Amy A , Hata Akiko , Miller Bruce L , Huang Eric J , Krogan Nevan J , Seeley William W , Black Brian L
Published: January 2017

Expanded GGGGCC repeats in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene represent the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the mechanisms underlying repeat-induced disease remain incompletely resolved. One proposed gain-of-function mechanism is that repeat-containing RNA forms aggregates that sequester RNA binding proteins, leading to altered RNA metabolism in motor neurons. Here, we identify the zinc finger protein Zfp106 as a specific GGGGCC RNA repeat-binding protein, and using affinity purification-mass spectrometry, we show that Zfp106 interacts with multiple other RNA binding proteins, including the ALS-associated factors TDP-43 and FUS. We also show that Zfp106 knockout mice develop severe motor neuron degeneration, which can be suppressed by transgenic restoration of Zfp106 specifically in motor neurons. Finally, we show that Zfp106 potently suppresses neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of C9orf72 ALS. Thus, these studies identify Zfp106 as an RNA binding protein with important implications for ALS.
Transformation of spatiotemporal dynamics in the macaque vestibular system from otolith afferents to cortex
Authors: Laurens Jean , Liu Sheng , Yu Xiong-Jie , Chan Raymond , Dickman David , DeAngelis Gregory C , Angelaki Dora E
Published: January 2017

Sensory signals undergo substantial recoding when neural activity is relayed from sensors through pre-thalamic and thalamic nuclei to cortex. To explore how temporal dynamics and directional tuning are sculpted in hierarchical vestibular circuits, we compared responses of macaque otolith afferents with neurons in the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei, as well as five cortical areas, to identical three-dimensional translational motion. We demonstrate a remarkable spatio-temporal transformation: otolith afferents carry spatially aligned cosine-tuned translational acceleration and jerk signals. In contrast, brainstem and cerebellar neurons exhibit non-linear, mixed selectivity for translational velocity, acceleration, jerk and position. Furthermore, these components often show dissimilar spatial tuning. Moderate further transformation of translation signals occurs in the cortex, such that similar spatio-temporal properties are found in multiple cortical areas. These results suggest that the first synapse represents a key processing element in vestibular pathways, robustly shaping how self-motion is represented in central vestibular circuits and cortical areas.
Bildungsroman – veel üks Tartu lisandus romaaniteooriasse
Authors: Lukas Liina
Published: January 2017

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Parallelistlik poeetika
Authors: Merilai Arne , Lotman Maria-Kristiina
Published: January 2017

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Saateks / Foreword
Authors: Lukas Liina
Published: January 2017

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Maamesilasena maailmas ehk lihtsalt Jüri Talveti meetodist / On Jüri Talvet’s Comparative Method
Authors: Merilai Arne
Published: January 2017

Teesid: Artikkel defineerib maailmakirjanduse professor Jüri Talveti komparativistlikku meetodit nii maamesilase metafoori kui ka tema poolt tutvustatud mõistete edaphos (’pind’) ja episteme (’teadmine’) kaudu. Võrdleva kirjandusteadlase ülesanne on kahesuunaline: tutvustada eesti kirjandust maailmas ja vahendada mujal loodut meie kultuurile. Kuigi õpetlaste teoreetiline metasüsteem ja mõistevõrk – episteme – võib areneda väga keeruliseks, peab see alati juurduma edaphos’es kui toitvas pinnases, mille loovad sõnakunstiteosed ja rahvuslikud kirjanduslood. Avardades võrdlevat edaphos’t, aktiveerime ja rikastame ka maailma episteme’t. The article aims at defining the comparative method of Jüri Talvet, professor of comparative literature. This can be carried out by an application of Talvet’s own metaphor for himself – a bumble bee, or via two concepts elaborated by him – edaphos (base) and episteme (knowledge). The bumble bee, by nature more reclusive and peaceful but somehow more attractive looks than a regular bee flies out from its modest sod nest across blooming meadows, disseminating homely pollen among the leaves of grass of the wide world. Then it faithfully returns with nourishing nectar that feeds its family. As chairman of the Estonian Comparative Literature Association, and founder and editor-in-chief of the comparative literature journal Interlitteraria, Talvet has written: “Its purpose is to channel new literary-philosophical ideas from the international area to Estonia and, at the same time, to spread knowledge about Estonian literary and philosophical studies outside Estonia, as well as to let the wider world have some idea of Estonian literature itself which, because of the language barrier, has belonged traditionally to the majority of “silent” literatures of the world, unjustly ignored by the area of the dominant Western languages.” Yet, no matter how complex our theoretical meta-systems and conceptual framework – episteme – might develop, it always needs to be firmly based on edaphos as its foundation, that is, on works of literature and national literary histories. By extending the comparative edaphos, we also enrich the world’s episteme. It is therefore not surprising that, as a scholar with extensive knowledge of world literature, Talvet has great affinity for tellurism, an aesthetic concept used in Hispanic cultures that is largely unknown to the English-speaking world.
Inimkonna hämarus: Marie Under ja saksa ekspressionism / The Twilight of Humanity: Marie Under's Translations of German Expressionist Poetry
Authors: Kirss Tiina Ann
Published: January 2017

Teesid: 1920. aastal avaldas Marie Under eestikeelse tõlkevalimiku saksa uuemast lüürikast, milles suurim osakaal on ekspressionistlikel luuletajatel. Koos selle vaatlusega käsitleb artikkel Underi hinnangut ekspressionismile kui kultuurinähtusele ning ekspressionistlikke siirdeid kahes Underi luulekogus, „Verivalla“ ja „Pärisosa“. Luule tõlkimine võib toita luuletaja loomingulisi allikaid, kuid huvitavad on ka need juhtumid, kui luuletaja neist läbitöötatud vormidest lõpuks loobub. In 1920 Estonian poet Marie Under published an anthology of translations from recent German poetry, the largest number of which were expressionists. Most of the poems were chosen from Kurt Pinthus’ anthology Menschheitsdämmerung: Symphonie jüngster Dichtung, published in 1920, a carefully composed summa of German expressionist poetry. Under’s first examples of expressionist translations, published in the album of the Siuru group of poets in 1919 met with arch and scathing criticism, particularly on the level of style: ostensibly she had “beautified” expressionist rhetoric. She was not deterred, but persisted, and alongside the volume of translations published a short critical article on expressionism and its ethical dimension in the newspaper Tallinna Teataja, where she outlined Kurt Pinthus’ justifications for the composition and structuring of his edited anthology. This paper explores Under’s part in the cultural transfer of German expressionist lyric poetry into Estonian: her selections of authors and individual poems, the periodization of the movement through the table of contents, the emphases and omissions of the resultant whole. Secondly, and more importantly the paper investigates the impact of expressionist topics and rhetoric on Under’s two next volumes of poetry, Verivalla (Land of Blood, 1919–1920) and Pärisosa (Portion, 1920–1922). The main focus of this analysis is on Under’s lexical experiments and stylistic registers, and the lyric strategies she adopted based on three poets: Ernst Stadler, Georg Heym, and Else Lasker-Schüler
Ühest Juri Lotmani retsensioonist ja nõukogude aja entsüklopeediatest / Some Notes on One Review by Juri Lotman and Encyclopedias of The Soviet Period
Authors: Pilshchikov Igor , Lotman Maria-Kristiina
Published: January 2017

Juri Lotman, Retsensioon Vjatšeslav Ivanovi LKEsse esitatud artiklile "Poeetika"
Sharing refuges on arid islands: ecological and social influence on aggregation behaviour of wall geckos
Authors: Vasconcelos Raquel , Rocha Sara , Santos Xavier
Published: January 2017

Background

The extent of social behaviour among reptiles is underappreciated. Two types of aggregations are recognized in lizards: ecological and social, i.e., related to the attraction to a site or to animals of the same species, respectively. As most lizards are territorial, aggregations increase the probability of aggressive interactions among individuals, a density-dependent behaviour.

Methods

After some spurious observations of aggregation behaviour in the endemic Cabo Verde nocturnal geckoTarentola substituta,we conducted a field-based study in order to thoroughly characterize it. We sampled 48 transects and 40 10 × 10 m quadrats on São Vicente Island to describe the incidence, size and composition of aggregations and to study the effect of gecko and refuge density, plus refuge quality, on refuge sharing. We hypothesize that when density of animals and scarcity of high-quality refuges is higher, lizards have increased probability of aggregating. We also predict a consistent pattern of size and composition of groups (male–female pairs, only one adult male per group) throughout the year if there is a selected behaviour to avoid agonistic interactions, and low thermal advantage to aggregating individuals.

Results

We present one of the first evidences of aggregation for Phyllodactylidae geckos. We found thatT. substitutaforms aggregations around 30–40% of the time, and that refuges are almost always shared by a female-male pair, sometimes with a juvenile, probably a mechanism to avoid aggressive interactions. We also observed that refuge sharing is dependent on refuge quality, as medium–large (thermally more stable and positively selected) rocks are shared much more frequently than small ones, but independent of adult sizes. Refuge sharing is also directly related to the density of geckos and inversely related to the density of high-quality refuges. We found no relation between body temperatures of geckos and refuge sharing when controlling the effect of rock/air temperature, suggesting that huddling does not improve thermoregulation.

Discussion

Our results suggest that in this harsh environment (rocks reach 46 °C) aggregation incidence is mainly driven by an ecological factor (scarcity of high-quality refuges) and its intersexual composition by social factors (avoidance of agonistic interactions by males, and possible increased reproductive success of the pair). This study sheds some light on the little explored gecko aggregation behaviour and other studies should follow.
Microbial communities mediating algal detritus turnover under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Morrison Jessica M. , Murphy Chelsea L. , Baker Kristina , Zamor Richard M. , Nikolai Steve J. , Wilder Shawn , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Youssef Noha H.
Published: January 2017

Background

Algae encompass a wide array of photosynthetic organisms that are ubiquitously distributed in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Algal species often bloom in aquatic ecosystems, providing a significant autochthonous carbon input to the deeper anoxic layers in stratified water bodies. In addition, various algal species have been touted as promising candidates for anaerobic biogas production from biomass. Surprisingly, in spite of its ecological and economic relevance, the microbial community involved in algal detritus turnover under anaerobic conditions remains largely unexplored.

Results

Here, we characterized the microbial communities mediating the degradation ofChlorella vulgaris(Chlorophyta),Charasp. strain IWP1 (Charophyceae), and kelpAscophyllum nodosum(phylum Phaeophyceae), using sediments from an anaerobic spring (Zodlteone spring, OK; ZDT), sludge from a secondary digester in a local wastewater treatment plant (Stillwater, OK; WWT), and deeper anoxic layers from a seasonally stratified lake (Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, OK; GL) as inoculum sources. Within all enrichments, the majority of algal biomass was metabolized within 13–16 weeks, and the process was accompanied by an increase in cell numbers and a decrease in community diversity. Community surveys based on the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene identified different lineages belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria (alpha, delta, gamma, and epsilon classes), Spirochaetes, and Firmicutes that were selectively abundant under various substrate and inoculum conditions. Within all kelp enrichments, the microbial communities structures at the conclusion of the experiment were highly similar regardless of the enrichment source, and were dominated by the genusClostridium, or familyVeillonellaceaewithin the Firmicutes. In all other enrichments the final microbial community was dependent on the inoculum source, rather than the type of algae utilized as substrate. Lineages enriched included the uncultured groups VadinBC27 and WCHB1-69 within the Bacteroidetes, genusSpirochaetaand the uncultured group SHA-4 within Spirochaetes,Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Yongiibacter,Geosporobacter, andAcidaminobacterwithin the Firmicutes, and generaKluyvera,Pantoea,EdwardsiellaandAeromonas,andButtiauxellawithin the Gamma-Proteobaceteria order Enterobacteriales.

Conclusions

Our results represent the first systematic survey of microbial communities mediating turnover of algal biomass under anaerobic conditions, and highlights the diversity of lineages putatively involved in the degradation process.
Anatomical mechanism of spontaneous recovery in regions caudal to thoracic spinal cord injury lesions in rats
Authors: Li Lu-sheng , Yu Hao , Raynald Raynald , Wang Xiao-dong , Dai Guang-hui , Cheng Hong-bin , Liu Xue-bin , An Yi-hua
Published: January 2017

Background

The nerve fibre circuits around a lesion play a major role in the spontaneous recovery process after spinal cord hemisection in rats. The aim of the present study was to answer the following question: in the re-control process, do all spinal cord nerves below the lesion site participate, or do the spinal cord nerves of only one vertebral segment have a role in repair?

Methods

First we made a T7 spinal cord hemisection in 50 rats. Eight weeks later, they were divided into three groups based on distinct second operations at T7: ipsilateral hemisection operation, contralateral hemisection, or transection. We then tested recovery of hindlimbs for another eight weeks. The first step was to confirm the lesion had role or not in the spontaneous recovery process. Secondly, we performed T7 spinal cord hemisections in 125 rats. Eight weeks later, we performed a second single hemisection on the ipsilateral side at T8–T12 and then tested hindlimb recovery for another six weeks.

Results

In the first part, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores and the electrophysiology tests of both hindlimbs weren’t significantly different after the second hemisection of the ipsilateral side. In the second part, the closer the second hemisection was to T12, the more substantial the resulting impairment in BBB score tests and prolonged latency periods.

Conclusions

The nerve regeneration from the lesion area after hemisection has no effect on spontaneous recovery of the spinal cord. Repair is carried out by all vertebrae caudal and ipsilateral to the lesion, with T12 being most important.
Doppler measurement of cerebral and lower limb flow during a lower body negative pressure test for predicting orthostatic intolerance.
Authors: Tobal N , Roumy J , Herault S , Fomina G , Arbeille P
Published: January 2017

To quantify the cardiovascular response to an orthostatic test for predicting orthostatic intolerance.

Cerebral and lower limb arterial flow and resistance were assessed by Doppler ultrasonography during lower body negative pressure (7 minutes each at ‐25 and ‐45 mm Hg). Cardiovascular deconditioning was induced by 42 days in head‐down tilt at ‐6 degress (7 subjects) and 6‐month spaceflights (10 cosmonauts).

Orthostatic intolerance during a stand test was observed in 57% of the head‐down‐tilt subjects and 83% of the cosmonauts. At the lower body negative pressure after head‐down tilt and during or after flight, the average cerebral flow velocity and vascular resistance did not change significantly from before head‐down tilt and before flight. Conversely, there was a lack of lower limb arterial vasoconstriction (‐24% from before head‐down tilt and ‐43% from before flight; P < .01), and the cerebral‐femoral flow ratio increased less (‐27% from before head‐down tilt and ‐52% from before flight; P < .01). The lack of vasoconstriction was more pronounced in intolerant subjects (‐25% from before head‐down tilt and ‐48% from before flight) compared with tolerant subjects (‐22% from before head‐down tilt and ‐14% from before flight; P > .01). Also, the lack of a cerebral‐femoral flow ratio increase was more pronounced in intolerant subjects (‐49% from before head‐down tilt and ‐55% from before flight; P < .01) than in tolerant subjects (‐1% from before head‐down tilt and ‐33% from before flight; P < .01). The cerebral flow deficit at the lower body negative pressure before head‐down tilt was greater than 8% in 3 of the 4 intolerant head‐down‐tilt subjects and less than 8% in the 3 tolerant subjects. The 3 cosmonauts who were intolerant after flight had a preflight cerebral flow deficit greater than 8%, whereas the tolerant cosmonaut had a cerebral flow deficit less than 8%.

Lack of lower limb vasoconstriction and a lower cerebral‐femoral flow ratio during lower body negative pressure in disadapted subjects were associated with orthostatic intolerance. A cerebral flow deficit during lower body negative pressure before disadaptation allowed measurement of the predisposition of the subjects to become intolerant.
Reliability and validity of three‐dimensional fetal brain volumes.
Authors: Endres L K , Cohen L
Published: January 2017

To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability in calculating three‐dimensional fetal brain volumes and to examine the relationship between these volumes and biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements and estimated gestational age.

Eighty‐five subjects between 16 and 40 completed weeks' gestation participated in the Institutional Review Board‐approved study. Fetal head images were obtained axially and stored on a magnetic optical disk. The fetal brain volumes were calculated in triplicate by each of 2 observers using 8 to 10 coronal cuts. The coefficient of variation was determined for both physicians. Pearson correlations and linear regression were used to evaluate the relationship between three‐dimensional head volume and standard biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements and estimated gestational age.

The coefficients of variation were low for both investigators, at 2.04% and 2.44%. The correlations between fetal brain volumes and biparietal diameter, head circumference, and estimated gestational age were all highly significant (P < .001). The linear regression of brain volumes with estimated gestational age was also highly significant (P < .001).

Three‐dimensional fetal brain volume measurements had excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The volumes correlated very well with standard biparietal diameter and head circumference measurements. These volumes can also be used to determine estimated gestational age.
Pattern of Doppler flow indices at the carotid bifurcation: evaluation by hemodynamic color Doppler imaging.
Authors: Lin G S , Naval V S
Published: January 2017

To visualize the spatial variation of Doppler indices, principally the pulsatility index, taken proximal to the carotid bifurcation and to evaluate their relationship to the geometry of the carotid bulb.

The pattern of ultrasonographic Doppler indices was studied in healthy volunteers by using hemodynamic color Doppler imaging, which computes and displays a Doppler index at each color pixel from a sequence of color Doppler image frames taken over several cardiac cycles.

In carotid bulbs with laminar flow (n = 5), the spatial partitioning between low‐resistance internal carotid artery and high‐resistance external carotid artery flows could be followed over 5 cm upstream in the common carotid artery. However, normal reverse or vortex flows at the carotid bulb (n = 15) obliterated upstream flow partitioning within 2 cm of the flow divider The pulsatility index was neither laterally nor axially uniform in the common carotid artery.

Localization of "core flow" where meaningful Doppler indices may be measured is determined by the expansion geometry of the carotid bulb and usually requires positioning of a small sample volume in the center of the lumen at least 3 cm upstream from the flow divider However, in the absence of reverse or vortex flows, placement of a spectral Doppler sample volume is best guided by hemodynamic color Doppler imaging.