bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Microbiota Continuum along the Reproductive Tract in Women with Infertility
Authors: Godovalov A. P. , Karpunina T. I.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. At present, the question of commensal, including opportunistic, microflora participation in  infertility development remains debatable. In a number of studies, the translocation of the vaginal microflora into the endometrial tissue is considered as a factor contributing to inflammation development. In addition, the connection of some reproductive losses with the persistence of certain conditionally pathogenic microorganisms is shown. Today, to solve this issue, molecular genetic research methods are being actively introduced that surpass the routine cultivation techniques in a number of positions.The aim of the study was to assess the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms in the vaginal biotope with infertility.Material and methods. For the study samples of vaginal contents obtained from the posterior vaginal fornix of 15 women, consisting of barren marriage, were used. A metagenomic study of 16S ribosomal RNA samples was carried out on the Illumina MiSeq platform, using the MiSeq Reagent Kits v3 kit (600-Cycle Kit), as recommended by the manufacturer. Libraries for sequencing plots of the V3-V4 gene of the 16S ribosomal RNA were prepared according to the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation Illumina. In bioinformatics assessment, Kraken Metagenomics version 2.0.0 software for metagenomic analysis (classifier of reads — short nucleotide sequences) was used using a standard database.Results. It was shown that the occurrence of representatives of the Lactobacillaceae family in the vaginal biotope varies from 12 to 84%. The genus Lactobacillus with the dominance of L. jensenii, L. delbrueckii and L. amylolyticus occupied the leading position among the members of the family. In all samples, Moraxella spp. was found in large numbers, with M. osloensis leading among the representatives of the entire community. In half of the cases, the joint presence of M. osloensis and G. vaginalis was revealed.Conclusion. It has been established that in infertility in the vaginal microbiota the number of representatives of the genus Lactobacillus is significantly reduced, and there is also a change in the leading species to L. jensenii, whose functional activity does not fully ensure the colonization resistance of the vaginal biotope, allowing for excessive reproduction of oppotrunistic microorganisms, in particular, M. osloensis.
Etiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Lethality from Acute Viral Hepatitis, Kyrgyzstan, 2009−2018
Authors: Nogoibaeva К. A. , Tobokalova S. T.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. Study of the etiological structure of lethality from acute viral hepatitis and its comparison with morbidity and mortality for the period of 2009−2018.Materials and methods. State Reporting Forms No. 1 “Report on Infectious, Parasitic and Non-Infectious Diseases” for the period of 2009−2018 were studied. The data was processed by the Microsoft Office Excel statistical package.Results. In Kyrgyzstan, during the period of 2009−2018, 138,612 cases of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) were detected, of which 109 patients had fatal outcomes. In the general structure of the latter, the proportions of patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB 36.7%) and A (AHA, 35.7%) were approximately the same. In every fifth case, “unverified acute viral hepatitis (UAVH)” was diagnosed (22.9%). Acute hepatitis C (AHC) was the cause of death in 4 patients (3%), and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in 1 patient. Among the deceased, there were no cases of hepatitis E. Lethality from AHB was recorded in 5 children, and from hepatitis C in one child. At the same time, 9 out of 25 patients with “Unverified Acute Viral Hepatitis” were children. Over the period of 2009−2018, the incidence of AHB was 31.3 times lower than that of all AVH in general (240.9 and 7.7⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively), the mortality rate was 2.7 times lower (0.19 and 0.07⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively), and the lethality rate was 11.4 times higher (7.9 and 89.8⁰/0000, AVH and AHB, respectively). The average incidence of AHB in children was 6.4 times lower (7.7 and 1.2⁰/0000, total and children, respectively), the mortality rate was 2.3 times lower (0.07 and 0.03⁰/0000, total and children, respectively), and the lethality rate was 1.8 times higher (89.8 and 165.9⁰/0000, total and children, respectively).Conclusion. The existence of morbidity and lethality in adults and children from acute hepatitis indicates a high disease burden for the country. The high proportion of AHB and AHA in the structure of AVH mortality requires improving the quality of immunization of children and expanding the coverage of adults with vaccination against these viral hepatitis. The increase in lethality against the background of a tenfold decrease in the incidence of AVH points out that the number of patients who have died from this pathology does not decrease.
Spatial Visualization of Data on the Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio cholerae Strains Isolated in Russia
Authors: Selyanskaya N. A. , Bereznyak E. A. , Trishina A. V. , Simonova I. R. , Egiazaryan L. A. , Vodopyanov A. S.
Published: April 2020

Aim. The aim was to develop an integrated online and updated geographic information system (GIS) for the systematiza tion and analysis of information on V. cholerae El Tor antibiotic resistance.Material and methods. The method of serial dilutions in a dense nutrient medium (MUK 4.2.2495-09) was used to determine the sensitivity/resistance to 22 antibacterial preparations of V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from people and from aquatic environmental objects in Russia in 2005–2016. The development of the Internet version of the GIS was carried out using programming languages HTML, JavaScript and PHP and cartographic data obtained from the corporation Rostelecom (Russia) and the community OpenStreetMap.Results. A comparative analysis of the antibiotic resistance of the strains by regions of the Russian Federation and by isolation time showed an increase of strains resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin and furazolidone, the appearance of cultures resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, reduced resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in 2012–2016 compared to 2005–2009. In the Stavropol Krai, the isolated V. cholerae O1 El Tor were characterized by resistance to furazolidone (33.3%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%); in the Primorsky Krai — to ampicillin, streptomycin, rifampicin (7%), furazolidone (43%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%); in the Irkutsk region and Kalmykia, to ampicillin (8.3% and 11%), furazolidone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11% and 89%).Conclusion. The GIS developed allows to collect and analyze information on the antibiotic resistance of V. cholerae O1 El Tor, and to select the strains for given properties.
Heteromorphism of Persistence of Sapronosis Causative Agents in Cells in Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Somova L. M. , Andryukov B. G. , Lyapun I. N.
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the issues of morphofunctional variability of sapronoses pathogens in stressful environment. In the current century, sapronoses infections attract increasing attention. Under unfavorable environmental conditions the pathogens use the strategy for the formation of resting (stable) states, that is: viable but non-culturable cell formes and persistent bacteria, which are characterized by reduced metabolism and changes in the morphology and physiology of the microorganisms, termination of replication. Possibility of sapronoses pathogens survival in interepidemic period and antibiotic resistance formation, which play an important role in chronic infections, are associated with the formation of persistent forms of bacteria. The literature extensively discusses mechanisms and conditions of the pathogenic bacteria stable states formation and their pathogenetic contribution to infectious pathology, whereas ultrastructural organization and morphological variability of persistent cell forms, as well as their differentiation, causing the pathogens population heterogeneity, is still insufficiently illuminated. Based on the analysis of current data and their own experience, the authors evaluate the morphological and functional changes of bacteria stable cellular forms and their role in sapronoses pathogens adaptation strategies.
Immunological and Epidemiological Aspects of the Immunogenicity of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 3 Capsular Polysaccharide in Pneumococcal Vaccines
Authors: Zaitsev A. E. , Kurbatova E. A. , Egorova N. B. , Sukhova E. V. , Nifantiev N. E.
Published: April 2020

The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines into national immunization programmes around the world has reduced the incidence of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes, but had no influence on the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 included in their composition. The results of evaluation of epidemiological efficacy and immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide (CP) in conjugated and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines are contradictory. Some studies have shown the effectiveness of vaccination, other studies indicate insufficient immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CP. The authors’ analysis of the results of clinical studies showed that the prophylactic efficacy of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CP depends on the type of vaccine, nosological form of the disease, age, immunization schedule. According to the literature data, the most informative parameter of the protective activity of S. pneumoniae CP in pneumococcal vaccines, including serotype 3, is opsonophagocytosis. The experimental data of the low immunogenicity of serotype 3 CP, presumably associated with an unusual way of synthesis of its CP, are considered. To increase the im muno genicity of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 CP, the use of synthetic oligosaccharides of a strictly defined chemical structure corresponding to the protective fragments of serotype 3 CP and conjugated with a carrier protein for induction of T-dependent immune response and immunological memory is promising.
Theory of Sapronous Infections: the History of Development and Ways of Improvement in the System of Medical and Biological Sciences
Authors: Belov A. B. , Panin A. L.
Published: April 2020

The article represents the history of studies of human diseases caused by faсultative parasites of humans, animals and plants, attributed by microbiologist V.I. Terskych in 1958 to the third class of infections named sapronoses. The concept of sapronous pathogens ecology is one of priorities of Russian medicine. Since that time, facts and generalizations have been accumulated in the world and national science, allowing to revise the initial concept of sapronous infections of biota — from prokaryotes, plants and invertebrates to warm-blooded animals and humans. To decide the controversial issues of the sapronoses theory, epidemiological terminology and systematics of infectious pathology, it is necessary to integrate the knowledge and systemic participation of specialists in medicine and biology in studying this problem. The results of this cooperation will make it possible to clarify and form a unified theoretical concept of the population pathology of the biota based on the ecological approach and general biological regularities of life existence in the world.
PENETAPAN KADAR RESIDU FORMALIN PADA IKAN TONGKOL YANG DIBERI JERUK NIPIS (Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis)
Authors: Nasution Azlaini Yus , Marlinda Marlinda
Published: April 2020

Formalin adalah senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengawet tapi tidak boleh digunakan pada pangan karena formalin merupakan senyawa yang bersifat toksik dan sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Menurut beberapa penelitian formalin dalam pangan dapat berkurang atau bahkan hilang dengan pengolahan. Jeruk nipis adalah salah satu bahan alam yang sering digunakan masyarakat dalam pengolahan bahan pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar residu formalin pada ikan tongkol yang diberi jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Penetapan kadar residu formalin pada sampel menggunakan metode spektrofotometri visibel dengan menggunakan pereaksi Schiff. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Anafarma Universitas Abdurrab pada bulan Februari 2015. Hasil penelitian kadar residu formalin pada sampel yang diberi jeruk nipis 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80% adalah 2453,40; 2030,78; 1907,91 dan 1517,04 µg/g. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar residu formalin pada sampel berkurang seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi jeruk nipis yang diberikan.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN Fraksi n-hexan, Kloroform dan etil asetat DAUN MATOA (Pometia pinnata J.R & G. Forst) TERHADAP DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil)
Authors: Sidoretno Wahyu Margi , Sintiyani Iis
Published: April 2020

Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang dapat menetralkan radikal bebas dengan cara menerima atau mendonorkan satu elektron untuk menghilangkan kondisi “elektron tidak berpasangan pada radikal bebas”. Diketahui daun matoa mengandung kelompok senyawa berupa flavanoid, tanin dan saponin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R & G. Forst) terhadap DPPH (2,2- difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) pada fraksi n-heksan, klorofom dan etil asetat. Pengujian dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 520 nm digunakan microplate reader. Uji aktivitas antioksidan fraksi n-heksan dan klorofom menggunakan konsentrasi 1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 62,5 µg/ml dan 31.25 µg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan pada fraksi n-heksan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat lemah dengan IC50 yaitu 312,1238 µg/ml dan fraksi klorofom memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sedang dengan IC50 yaitu 100,9470 µg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan dengan katagori sangat kuat di tunjukkan oleh fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml, 12,5 µg/ml, 6,25 µg/ml dan 3,125 µg/ml dengan didapatkan nilai IC50 yaitu 12, 1876 µg/ml.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Financial Distress dengan Pendekatan Altman Z-Score pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017
Authors: Sutra Fitri Marlistiara , Mais Rimi Gusliana
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, operating capacity dan sales growth terhadap financial distress pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2017. Objek yang diteliti adalah perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2015-2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, Adapun sampel ditentukan sebanyak 32 perusahaan pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2017. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, pemilihan model, analisis regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinasi (r²) dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress, Likuiditas berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress, Leverage tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap financial distress, Operating Capacity berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress dan Sales Growth tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan, dan Harga terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Konsumen
Authors: Santoso Joko Bagio
Published: April 2020

- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan dan harga terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen di Geprek Bensu Rawamangun. Strategi yang dilakukan ini adalah strategi asosiatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive accidental sampling dengan menggunakan metoda analisis jalur (path analysis). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Geprek Bensu Rawamangun. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 90 responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) tidak terdapat pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap kepuasan konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,292 (2) kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,009 (3) harga berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,000 (4) kualitas produk tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,080 (5) kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,003 (6) harga berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,015 (7) kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen, yaitu sebesar 0,000 (8) kualitas produk tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen melalui kepuasan konsumen (9) kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen melalui kepuasan konsumen (10) harga berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen melalui kepuasan konsumen.
Pengaruh Celebrity Endorsement terhadap Purchase Intention melalui Brand Image sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Megayani Megayani , Marlina Ellen
Published: April 2020

The research purpose is to analyzed impact celebrity endorsement to purchase intention throught brand image as intervening variable on Geprek Ayam Bensu in East Jakarta. The strategy research used explanatory research and association research. The population is customers Geprek Ayam Bensu in East Jakarta and using sample as much 117 respondent. Method used quantitative research. The analyzing technique use structural equation modeling analysis. The result research is: (1) celebrity endorsement not have impact significant to purchase intention. (2) brand image have impact significant to purchase intention. (3) celebrity endorsement have impact significant to brand image.
Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis) Pengaruh Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Setyorini Desy , Syahlani Achmad
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh langsung kondisi sosial ekonomi dan motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa, serta pengaruh langsung kondisi sosial ekonomi terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian dilakukan di Institut Sains dan Teknologi Al-Kamal Jakarta dengan populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi Visual. Dari populasi tersebut, diambil sampel sebanyak 70 mahasiswa yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel acak sederhana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei kausal. Data penelitian dijaring melalui instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan skala Likert, kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tidak terdapat pengaruh langsung kondisi sosial ekonomi terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa; (2) Terdapat pengaruh langsung motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa; dan (3) Terdapat pengaruh langsung kondisi sosial ekonomi terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa.

The purpose of this research is to test the direct effect of socioeconomic conditions and learning motivation on learning achievement of college student, and the direct effect of socioeconomic conditions on learning motivation of college student. This research was conducted at the Al-Kamal, Institute of Science and Technology, in Jakarta, where all students of the Informatics Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Information & Visual Communication Technology as the population. From this population, a sample of 70 students was taken using simple random sampling. This research uses a causal survey method. The research data were obtained through questionnaire instrument with a Likert scale, then processed and analyzed with path analysis. The results of this research indicate that: (1) There is no direct effect of socioeconomic conditions on learning achievement of college student; (2) There is a direct effect of learning motivation on learning achievement of college student; and (3) There is a direct effect of socioeconomic conditions on learning motivation of college student.
Tinjauan Prosedur Pembelian Barang di Bagian Purchasing pada PT. Duraconindo Pratama Jakarta
Authors: Aryadi Heri , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: April 2020

Pembelian merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan untuk pengadaan barang yang diperlukan oleh perusahaan. Persediaan bahan baku merupakan faktor utama dalam perusahaan untuk menunjang kelancaran proses produksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian jurnal ini adalah dengan observasi yaitu melakukan pengamatan secara langsung terhadap kegiatan prosedur pembelian barang di bagian purchasing pada PT. Duraconindo Pratama Jakarta. Kemudian wawancara yaitu dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan kepada pihak purchasing yang ada di PT. Duraconindo Pratama Jakarta dengan pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan materi yang dalam jurnal ini. Selanjutnya dengan metode studi pustaka, yaitu dengan mencari referensi buku-buku yang mengacu pada bidang yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah prosedur pembelian barang di PT. Duraconindo Pratama sudah berjalan dengan baik namun terdapat kendala seperti barang yang diterima tidak sesuai PO akan tetapi kendala tersebut diatasi dengan mengembalikan barang kepada pihak supplier dan diganti sesuai dengan PO yang dikeluarkan.
Pengaruh Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Ajib Bakery Jakarta
Authors: Irawan Roy
Published: April 2020

To win the competition, the company must be able to give satisfaction to the customer. The efforts that will be made by the company to satisfy the needs of consumers with various strategies and various ways in the hope that customers feel satisfied and then willing to come back. Outline in the writing of this final assignment using quantitative outline with the method of observation, questionnaire method and literature study. From the results of research Influence Services Against Customer Satisfaction At Ajib Bakery Jakarta can be seen that the correlation coefficient test of 0.612 which means the service has a strong and positive relationship to customer satisfaction. Test t can be obtained t count of 5.414 and t table 2.00076 with the provision of two-party test-t table ≥ t then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. The coefficient of determination test obtained result of 37,4% and 62,2% influenced by other factor which not exist in this research. Regression equation test is Y = 7.539 + 0.810X which means if there is no service then the value of customer satisfaction is 7,539 and if it increases 1 then the customer satisfaction increases by 0810.

Dalam memenangkan persaingan, perusahaan harus mampu memberikan kepuasan pada pelanggan. Upaya - upaya yang akan dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk memuaskan kebutuhan konsumen dengan berbagai strategi dan berbagai cara dengan harapan agar pelanggan merasa puas dan selanjutnya mau untuk datang kembali. Outline dalam penulisan penelitian ini menggunakan outline kuantitatif dengan metode observasi, metode kuesioner dan studi pustaka. Dari hasil penelitian Pengaruh Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasaan Pelanggan Pada Ajib Bakery Jakarta dapat diketahui bahwa uji koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,612 yang berarti pelayanan mempunyai hubungan kuat dan positif terhadap kepuasaan pelanggan. Uji t dapat diperoleh hasil t hitung sebesar 5.414 dan t tabel 2.0076 dengan ketentuan uji dua pihak –t tabel ≥  t hitung maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh hasil sebesar 37,4% dan 62,2 % yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak ada dalam penelitian ini. Uji persamaan Regresi bernilai Y = 7.539 + 0.810X yang berarti jika tidak ada pelayanan maka nilai kepuasaan pelanggan sebesar 7.539 dan jika meningkat 1 maka kepuasaan pelanggan meningkat sebesar 0.810.
The EU’s Green Deal: Bismarck’s ‘what is possible’ versus Thunberg’s ‘what is imperative’*
Authors: Storm Servaas
Published: April 2020

The European Union’s Green Deal, a €1 trillion, 10-year investment plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% in 2030 (relative to 1990 levels), has been hailed as the first comprehensive plan to achieve climate neutrality at a continental scale. The Deal also constitutes the Union’s new signature mission, providing it with a new raison d’etre and a shared vision of green growth and prosperity for all. Because the stakes are high, a dispassionate, realistic look at the Green Deal is necessary to assess to what extent it reflects ‘what is politically attainable’ and to what degree it does ‘what is required’ in the face of continuous global warming. This paper considers the ambition, scale, substance and strategy of the Deal. It finds that the Green Deal falls short of ‘what is imperative’ but also of ‘what is politically possible’. By choosing to make the Green Deal dependent on global finance, the European Commission itself closes down all policy space for systemic change as well as for ambitious green macroeconomics and green industrial policies, which would enable achieving climate neutrality in a socially and economically inclusive manner. Hence, Otto von Bismarck would have been as unpersuaded by the Green Deal proposal as Greta Thunberg, who dismisses it as mere “empty words”.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC REFORMS AND GROWTH IN INDIA ON RURAL EMPLOYMENT-AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Dr. K. Somasekhar
Published: April 2020

Growth of an economy trickles down to the lowest level entity which may be considered as village. Growth is not an end in itself but the means to an end. Economic growth leads to several changes in rural areas. It should result in lower incidence of poverty, improvements in health outcomes, universal access to school education, increased access to higher education, better opportunities for both wage employment, livelihoods and improvements in provision of basic amenities and improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized groups. Economic growth is the increase in the real output of the country in a particular span of time. The spatial composition f growth reflected in terms of a rural development disparity motivates people to shift to areas with better prospects. As total poverty is a weighted average of rural specific poverty ratios, the net effect of population mobility on poverty depends on the changes in its rural components. Alleviation of poverty in rural areas has been the main agenda since Independence. In all Five-Year Plans particularly during Fifth-Five Year Plan period importance had been given to reduction in poverty, provision of other basic needs and equitable development. Notable achievement took place during the post-reform period and has done well in economic growth. However, still has been rural areas have been facing problems like poverty, low agricultural growth, low quality employment growth. This paper focuses on the impact of reforms and growth on rural employment.

KEYWORDS: Economic Growth, Economic Reforms, Poverty, Employmnt, Equitable Development.
A Personalized short-time Immunotherapy with Subcutaneous very low-dose Il-2 plus the Pineal Hormone Melatonin in advanced cancer patients with Persistent Lymphocytopenia
Authors: Paolo Lissoni  , Giusy Messina  , Andrea Sassola  , Giorgio Porro  , Simonetta Tassoni  , Giuseppe Di Fede
Published: April 2020

Today, it is known that the prognosis of human neoplasms depends not only on the genetic characteristics of tumor cells, but also on the immunobiological response of patients. Moreover, despite its complexity, at present it is known that the antitumor immunity is generally suppressed by the macrophage system, and stimulated by T lymphocytes, with the only exception of regulatory T cells, which in contrast inhibit the anticancer immunity through the release of immunosuppressive cytokines, the most important of them is TGF-beta. Finally, it is known that lymphocytopenia may predict a negative prognosis in the advanced neoplasms, and a more negative significance is played by the occurrence of abnormally low values of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), whose decline could depend on both lymphocyte decrease and monocyte increase. At present, the only cytokine able to enhance lymphocyte count still remains IL-2. Therefore, because of the negative prognostic significance of cancer-related lymphocytopenia, the use of IL-2 to correct cancer-related lymphocytopenia could constitute a new strategy in the immunotherapy of cancer. On these bases, a study was planned to evaluate the effects of a neuro-immunotherapeutic combination with SC very-low dose IL-2 in association with the antitumor immunostimulating pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) on lymphocyte count, and their persistence on time in a group of untreatable lymphocytopenic advanced cancer patients. The study included 14 lymphocytopenic cancer patients, who were eligible for the only palliative therapy. IL-2 was SC injected at 1.8 MIU/day for 5 days/week for 2 consecutive weeks, in association with MLT at 100 mg/day orally during the dark period of the day. A normalization of lymphocyte count was achieved in 9/14 (64%) patients within the two weeks of therapy. Both lymphocyte and LMR mean values significantly increased on therapy with respect to the pre-treatment values. On the other hand, monocyte mean values diminished on therapy, without, however, significant differences. The median duration of lymphocyte count normalization was 160 days (range 39-240 days). These preliminary results would suggest a new possible clinical use of IL-2 immunotherapy to counteract advanced cancer-related lymphocytopenia, because of its well documented negative effects on the survival, in an attempt to control tumor growth by activating the natural antitumor immunobiological response, which is fundamentally an IL-2-dependent phenomenon, and which is altered in the advanced human neoplasms.

Keywords: Cancer immunotherapy, Interleukin-2, Lymphocytopenia, Immunosuppression, Melatonin, Pineal gland
Molds involving toenails: about two case reports
Authors: Khadija Elboukhari  , Asmae Rasso  , Sara Elloudi  , Zakia Douhi  , Hanane Baybay  , Fatima Zahra Mernissi  , Asmae Krich  , Fatima Zahra Hamdi  , Zineb Tlamçani
Published: April 2020

Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and molds are less frequently, associated to nail invasion. Molds have been increasingly recognized as causative agents of onychomycosis. We report two cases of young immunocompetent women who consulted in our department with ungueal abnormalities. We found Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a cosmopolitan molds, in their toenails after a repetitive mycological examination.

Keywords: Molds; Scapularosis is brevicaulis; Onychomycosis
Relationship between the COPD assessment test (CAT) and respiratory function characteristics of North African stable COPD patients
Authors: Sonia Rouatbi  , Rania Souid  , Ichraf Anane  , Ines Ghannouchi  , Mohamed Mahjoub  , Imene Gargouri  , Helmi Ben saad
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a simple method for assessing the impact of COPD on the patient`s health which is not validated with North African COPD patients.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the CAT score and the SGRQ, anthropometric, dyspnea, severity of airflow obstruction and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages in stable COPD patients.

Material and Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study. It consists of a convenience sample of COPD and Smokers subjects aged more than 30 years. Dyspnea was evaluated according to the modified British medical research council (mMRC) 4). Arabic versions of the SGRQ and CAT questionnaires were used. Spirometry was performed in accordance with international standards. Obstructive ventilator defect (OVD) grades and GOLD grades were identified.

Results: A total sample of 150 (121 COPD) was collected. A negative correlation was found between CAT score and anthropometric and all functional parameters in the total sample. Correlations between CAT score and mMRC score, pulmonary age and SGRQ score were found in COPD group (p<0.01). CAT score correlated with OVD and GOLD grades, severe COPD (GOLD 3 and 4) had higher CAT scores.

Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between CAT score and clinical and functional COPD components.

Impact of this research on clinical medicine and basic science: COPD is a complex disease with multiple consequences which can impede the quality of life of patients. The latter can be evaluated by specific questionnaires. The most used questionnaire is St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). However, this health status measure is long and not practical for clinical routine use. Therefore, recently a new simple system evaluating health status was developed. It is the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), which was approved, in its French, English and Arabic version. It is a simple method for assessing the impact of COPD on the patient`s health. CAT is composed of only eight questions and a key is not needed to calculate a score. To our own knowledge, there are no studies about CAT scoring in and its relation with clinical and respiratory function characteristics in North Africa.

Keywords: COPD- CAT score- SGRQ-FEV1- Spirometry
Remain Results of Network Retail Transactions: Potential Charity in Indonesia
Authors: Awwal Muhammad Al Faridho , Rini Dewi Wahyu Setyo
Published: April 2020

In the modern market or what is usually known as retail chains, most goods are sold with non-rounded price which creates price differences that cannot be translated into any physical value of printed money. The accumulated price differences are usually donated into charities which are managed by certain companies. However, it makes people worried about any indications of management overlap between charity donations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the intransparency of datas in terms of their financial managements.Not to mention, the unfair distribution of the donation money only resulted into donation receipients that are very centralized in some areas. Therefore, using conceptual research  method with qualitative datas and strong references we try to observe this problem so that this uneasiness of the society about any overlap of CSR distribution and the charity money from consumers can be put into rest.
Peranan Kelompok Bimbingan Ibadah Haji ( KBIH) Dalam Mencetak Kemandirian Jamaah Calon Haji
Authors: Wahid Abd
Published: April 2020

The Hajj Guidance Group (KBIH) was established with the aim of accompanying jama'ah in carrying out the pilgrimage to the mabrur pilgrimage. In carrying out the guidance of the Hajj on KBIH, it is of course necessary to apply good management functions, so that the guidance process can run well and effectively according to the desired program, so that the presence of KBIH is able to deliver and print quality and independent pilgrims. The government through the ministry of religion provides space for the community to hold pilgrimage guidance. In this context the existence and role of KBIH is very strategic, so it needs good preparation in its implementation. The role and function of KBIH in organizing the Hajj is to prepare pilgrims through manasik guidance so that Jama'ah can be independently knowledgeable in carrying out the Hajj in the holy land. KBIH volunteered to prepare the pilgrims to carry out a series of Hajj rituals independently according to the Shari'ah so that they could achieve the goals desired by each congregation, namely the title of Mabrur Hajj.
Inovasi Pemecahan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Makrifah Nurul
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This study is aimed to describe the challenge and the innovation of Arabic learning in Islamic Elementary school. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative thas is done by observation and liberary research. The result of this research showed that there are many obstacles of the Arabic learning in this global era that need several innovation to be implemented. The capability of Arabic knowledge should be implemented by a teacher of Arabic to grow the Arabic competence for students in Islamic Elementary School. Besides, several strategies and learning models should be appropriate with the psyche of students in Islamic Elementary School.
Aktualisasi Profil Guru Nahdlatul Ulama Inspiratif dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Al Ayubi Sholihudin , Nurul Islami Wildah
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Inspirational teacher is a teacher who becomes a "mirror" for other teachers and has positive values ​​in themselves for students and the surrounding environment. Among the current problems of NU teachers is how to deal with the development of information and communication technology with an inspiring role. The formulation of the problem in this study is "What is the form of actualizing the profile of inspiring NU teachers in facing the industrial revolution 4.0?" This study aims to analyze the actualization of the profile of inspiring NU teachers in facing the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0. This research is a qualitative research using a conceptual approach. Data collection methods using documentation and data analysis methods using qualitative descriptive analysis. The steps for actualizing the inspirational NU teacher profile include: 1. Examining the role of teachers and the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0, 2. The importance of reflecting on the figure of KH. Hasyim Asy'ari was an inspiring figure of NU's ulama and teacher in the past but the results of his thoughts are still relevant to be applied in millennial times. Among the actualization forms of inspiring NU teacher profiles include three criteria namely ASWAJA's character, actively innovating, and actively literating.
Penafsiran Riba Studi Komparatif Antara Kaum Modernis dan Neo-Revivalis
Authors: Buhari A. Taufiq
Published: April 2020

Interpretation of interest as applied to modern banking today, there are still differing views. Modernists view the prohibition of usury as being understood by emphasizing the rational aspect. Through this understanding, the element of injustice becomes a central issue for its prohibition. They seem to tolerate if their savings are based on the mudharabah system, because they can be found on the basis of their legitimacy. In addition, it is permissible if really forced (dharuri) or really needs (hajat). Also allows productive loan interest while consumptive loan interest is not allowed. While the Neo Revivalists were of the view that the prohibition of usury was understood legally formally as conceptualized in Islamic law. This view emphasizes the legal form of usury as expressed in Islamic law. They assert that the statement set out in the Qur'an must take its literal meaning, regardless of what was practiced in the pre-Islamic period. Whatever the circumstances, the lender does not have the right to receive additions to and exceed the principal
Zina Menurut Pandangan Al Qur’an (Kajian Tafsir Tematik Tentang Ayat-Ayat Zina)
Authors: . Achmad
Published: April 2020

Adultery is to have intercourse between men and women without a legitimate marriage bond. Al-Qur'an talks about adultery in three letters, namely: first, al-Qur'an, al-Isra verse (32). Secondly, al-Qur'an al-Nur verse (2) and verse (3). Third, Al-Furqan verse 68. The first verse (QS. Al-Isra 'verse 32) contains a prohibition on approaching adultery. The second (QS.An-nur verse 2-3) contains the law for the perpetrators of adultery and the prohibition of marrying it, and the third verse QS. Al-Furqan verse (68) contains the reply of the perpetrators of adultery later in the sight of Allah. In Islam the word zina includes zina muhshan and ghairu muhshan. Limitation of adultery which must be had is 12 (twelve), namely: 1) Mukallaf, 2) male, 3) including all the hasyafah (penis tip), 4) original sex, 5) the genitals are still integrated with the person, 6) inserting clear sex in women, 7) law is prohibited to include it is indeed in the dzatiyah, 8) the law of prohibition arises from reality, 9) there must be no syubhat aborted on had, 10) the sex must be interested in character, 11) perpetrator zina must fulfill Islamic laws, and 12) the perpetrator must understand the prohibition of adultery.
Examination of ‘Pause’ in Pinter's The Homecoming and Baker's Circle Mirror Transformation
Authors: Abass Nawal , Jawad Rua'a Tariq , Muhi Maysoon Taher
Published: April 2020

Pauses as pragmatic markers are considered important devices that help readers to gain a better and deeper understanding of certain texts as well as speech, promoting effectively language communication. They can help both the speaker and the hearer, due to the functions they have in a text. Their occurrence in speech has a value that they make it more understandable. In this regard, the present study aims to examine the forms and functions of pauses in literary texts, more specifically, in selected extracts from two dramas, namely, Pinter's The Homecoming and Baker's Circle Mirror Transformation and to compare how the two writers use pauses in these two dramas. To do so, the sequential production approach of turn-taking by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974), in combination with the contributions of some scholars who state the multifunctional use of pauses, has been used. The findings of the present study show that pauses do not exist arbitrarily in speech, but they are found to serve certain functions depending on the context in which they occur. Pauses, whether silent or filled have certain references. They are not merely meaningless. Pauses can express what is going on inside the characters without even saying a word. Regarding the selected extract from each play, it is noticed from the comparison that the two writers employ pauses frequently. Pauses are used by the two writers to be informative and that is why they should be studied with great care as they affect the interpretation of a certain text and consequently affect understanding
Creencias irracionales en estudiantes de derecho de una universidad particular de Chiclayo, Perú
Authors: Rojas-Jiménez Blanca Mariana , Suárez-Luna Julio César , Alvarez-Julca Juan de Dios
Published: April 2020

Objetivo. Describir las creencias irracionales en estudiantes de derecho de una universidad particular de Chiclayo, Perú, año 2016. Material y métodos. Investigación de tipo descriptiva. El muestreo fue probabilístico estratificado y con estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre las edades de 16 y 40 años. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el Inventario de Conducta Racional de Shorkey y Whiteman válido y confiable en nuestra realidad psicosocial peruana. Resultados. En general, el 44% y 43 % de estudiantes mostró creencias irracionales de sentimientos de culpa y grado de independencia, respectivamente. Las estudiantes presentaron 47 % y 42 % de sentimiento de culpa y grado de independencia, respectivamente. Asimismo, el sentimiento de culpa en estudiantes con y sin trabajo fue 54 % y 40 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Estudiantes de derecho de una universidad privada de Chiclayo evidencian creencias irracionales; con predominancia de sentimientos de culpa (mujeres) y grado de independencia, y en varones culpabilidad (varones). Es necesario establecer estrategias de intervención para asistir a la población estudiantil en riesgo de creencias irracionales.
Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con múltiples cánceres primarios en un hospital de Chiclayo, Perú 2009-2015
Authors: Carrasco-Ramos Dalia , Chonlon-Murillo Kenny , Fernández Jorge , Iglesias-Osores Sebastian , Monsalve-Mera Alain
Published: April 2020

Objetivo. Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los pacientes con múltiples cánceres primarios en un hospital de Chiclayo, Perú durante los años 2009-2015. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se identificaron a los pacientes que padecían de más de un cáncer primario en el registro hospitalario de cáncer del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo, Chiclayo, Perú. Usando una ficha de recolección de datos se recolectó información acerca de la edad, el estadio del cáncer, fecha de diagnóstico, tipo de tumor, presencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de más de un tipo de cáncer, entre otros. Resultados. Durante los años 2009 al 2015 se diagnosticaron 8 075 casos de cáncer, de los cuales 89 pacientes (1,1%) presentaron múltiples cánceres primarios. De éstos, 32 pacientes fueron incluidos el estudio. Los múltiples cánceres primarios fueron más frecuentes en el sexo femenino. Los factores de riesgo son los hábitos nocivos (cuatro pacientes) y el tratamiento de la neoplasia previa (17 pacientes). La edad promedio al diagnóstico del primer cáncer primario fue de 66 años, y el promedio de edad en mujeres (60 años) fue menor que en varones (72 años). Conclusiones. El primer cáncer primario más frecuente fue el de mama, y la asociación más frecuente el de piel y próstata. El tipo de cáncer más frecuente fue el cáncer metacrónico tanto en varones como en mujeres. Ningún varón presentó cáncer sincrónico.
Evaluation of in vitro neuronal networks for the study of spontaneous activity
Authors: Pozzi Diletta
Published: April 2020

In the absence of external stimuli, the nervous system exhibits a spontaneous electrical activity whose functions are not fully understood, and that represents the background noise of brain operations. Spontaneous activity has been proven to arise not only in vivo, but in in vitro neuronal networks as well, following some stereotypical patterns that reproduce the time course of development of the mammalian nervous system. This review provides an overview of in vitro models for the study of spontaneous network activity, discussing their ability to reproduce in vivo - like dynamics and the main findings obtained with each particular model. While explanted brain slices are able to reproduce the neuronal oscillations typically observed in anaesthetized animals, dissociated cultures allow the use of patient-derived neurons and limit the number of animals used for sample preparation.
Potential inhibitors for targeting Mpro and Spike of SARS-CoV-2 based on sequence and structural pharmacology analysis
Authors: Shu Chuanjun , Huang Xuan , Huang Ting , Chen Li , Yao Bing , Zhou Jianwei , Deng Cheng
Published: April 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has spread rapidly and widely since December 2019, and the effective drugs are urgently needed. The two key proteins, Mpro and Spike, are attractive therapy targets for developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we searched for the potential inhibitors targeting Mpro and Spike based on protein sequences and structural pharmacological analysis. We found that both Mpro and Spike of SARS-CoV-2 were homologous with bat SARS-like-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro showed high conservation (sequence similarities >99%), and the existing few point mutants in different patients from diverse cities suggested that SARS-CoV-2 probably underwent adaptive evolution when the virus infection transmitted from Wuhan patients to other non-Wuhan patients. Moreover, some inhibitors for SARS-CoV Mpro could probably inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, because they do not target conserved mutated sites of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, such as SDJ, ACE-THR-VAL-ALC-HIS-H, B4Z inhibitor, Beclabuvir, Saquinavir, and Lopinavir. In contrast, Spike of SARS-CoV-2 had more mutations and some mutant sites were distributed in the interaction domain between Spike and ACE2. A new peptide FRKSNLKPFERDISTEIYQAGSTPC, based on interactions between Spike and ACE2, could be a potential drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 patients. In summary, our study provided potential new inhibitors for targeting Mpro and Spike in SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected patients based on sequence and structural pharmacology analysis.