bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Molecular Science Best Paper Award 2014
Authors: Bustin Stephen , Nicholls Ian , Iba Michael
Published: January 2014

International Journal of Molecular Science is instituting an annual award to recognize outstanding papers in the area of chemistry, molecular physics and molecular biology published in International Journal of Molecular Science. We are pleased to announce the third “International Journal of Molecular Science Best Paper Award” for 2014 [1,2]. Nominations were made by the Section Editors-in-Chief of International Journal of Molecular Science from all papers published in 2010. [...]
Sub-Federal Enforcement of Immigration Law: An Introduction to the Problem of Pretextual Enforcement and Inadequate Remedies
Authors: Rosenbaum Carrie
Published: January 2014

Sub-federal enforcement of immigration law has expanded significantly in the last decade raising questions concerning policing, rights violations, and remedies. While the Fourth Amendment has historically provided an avenue for potentially suppressing evidence obtained in violation of a criminal defendant’s civil rights, its applicability in the immigration removal context has been circumscribed. Thus, the avenues to protect the rights of unauthorized noncitizens in immigration removal proceedings are less clear where sub-federal agents act outside of their authorization, particularly in the context of Secure Communities, and enforce immigration law. In the context of immigration exceptionalism, racial profiling has historically played a unique role in immigration law. The lack of adequate measures to deter rights violations where sub-federal agents enforce immigration law raises questions concerning the relationship between criminal and immigration law, and the importance of deterring civil rights violations such as racial profiling, in immigration enforcement. This article will examine the problem of sub-federal law enforcement agents’ use of criminal law violations as a pretext to enforce immigration law and the lack of adequate deterrence of civil rights violations.
Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) within Developing Nations: A Qualitative Evaluation of Transfer and Impact
Authors: Leigh Doug , Fowlie Frank
Published: January 2014

The field of online dispute resolution (ODR) is developing both as practice and a profession. Evidence of this includes a growing community of scholars and practitioners. A Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) grant permitted 16 practitioners from developing countries to attend the 2008 ODR Forum in Victoria, British Columbia. In the year following the Forum, an evaluation was conducted to identify changes among these practitioners’ behaviors, knowledge, skills, abilities and credibility. Results indicate that ODR practitioners in developing countries are engaged in a wide range of activities, many of which are technologically and logistically complex. These practitioners also face a number of political and infrastructural challenges that are not as commonly experienced by those from developed nations. Taken together, these realities have implications both for the nature of ODR’s proliferation as a legitimate practice, as well as for the provision of education and training concerning its underpinnings.
Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice
Authors: Rangel Marisa , Martins Joyce , Garcia Angélica , Conserva Geanne , Costa-Neves Adriana , Sant'Anna Célia , De Carvalho Luciana
Published: January 2014

Cyanobacteria are common members of the freshwater microbiota in lakes and drinking water reservoirs, and are responsible for several cases of human intoxications in Brazil. Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum are examples of the toxic species that are very frequently found in reservoirs in Sao Paulo, which is the most densely populated area in Brazil. In the search for toxic strains collected from water reservoirs and maintained in the Cyanobacterial Culture Collection (CCIBt) of the Institute of Botany of Brazil, the acetic acid extracts (AE) of P. galeata CCIBt 3082 and G. splendidum CCIBt 3223 were analyzed by planar chromatography, which indicated the absence of cyanotoxins. Animal tests were then carried out, and both extracts were found to induce toxic effects in mice when administered intraperitoneally. The present study aimed to investigate whether the oral ingestion of the above mentioned cyanobacteria extracts would also induce toxic effects in mice. Necropsy and histopathological studies were conducted using tissue samples from the animals, which were euthanized one week after the administration of the extracts. The AE of P. galeata did not cause death but did induce transient symptoms, including eyebrow ptosis, straub tail, and pain. The euthanized animals presented hemorrhage in the liver, whereas the histological analysis showed disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, necrosis, hyperemia, and proximity of the centrilobular vein in the liver. In addition, alterations in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys were observed, and the lungs were unaffected. The AE of G. splendidum caused only one death, and induced transient symptoms, such as dyspnea, paralysis, and pain, in the other mice. The necropsy of the euthanized mice showed hemorrhage in the lungs and liver. The lungs presented hemorrhagic focuses, alveolar collapse, and granulomatous foci. The liver presented hemorrhagic and enlarged sinusoids, hyperemia, proximity of the centrilobular vein, and disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma. Some areas also exhibited an inflammatory infiltrate and calcified tissue inside blood vessels. Necrosis and rupture of the convoluted tubule cells were observed in the kidneys. Further analysis of the both extracts indicated the lack of hemolytic activity, and the presence of two unknown anti-AChE substances in the AE of G. splendidum. Thus, P. galeata and G. splendidum are producers of novel toxins that affect mammals when administered orally.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Bulk Nanocrystalline MnAl
Authors: Chaturvedi Anurag , Yaqub Rumana , Baker Ian
Published: January 2014

MnAl is a promising rare-earth free permanent magnet for technological use. We have examined the effects of consolidation by back-pressure, assisted equal channel angular extrusion processing on mechanically-milled, gas-atomized Mn-46% at. Al powder. X-ray diffraction showed both that the extruded rod consisted mostly of metastable τ phase, with some of the equilibrium γ2 and β phases, and that it largely retained the as-milled nanostructure. Magnetic measurements show a coercivity of ≤4.4 kOe and a magnetization at 10 kOe of ≤40 emu/g. In addition, extrusions exhibit greater than 95% of the theoretical density. This study opens a new window in the area of bulk MnAl magnets with improved magnetic properties for technological use.
Investigating the Effects of Se Solid Phase Substitution in Jarosite Minerals Influenced by Bacterial Reductive Dissolution
Authors: Franzblau Rachel , Loick Nadine , Weisener Christopher
Published: January 2014

Jarosite minerals (AB3(TO4)2(OH)6) are iron hydroxysulfate minerals that can readily incorporate trace metals into their mineral structure. A range of metals can be incorporated into the jarosite structure, including oxyanions such as selenate (SeO42−). Selenium is a micronutrient, but is toxic in relatively low doses. Selenium is present in aqueous systems in its two oxyanion forms: selenate and selenite (SeO32−). The tetrahedral sulfate coordination site can be completely substituted for selenate in jarosite minerals (NaFe3(SO4)x(SeO4)2-x(OH)6). Bacteria have been observed to reduce Se oxyanions to both more reduced forms and insoluble elemental Se. This is a pathway for selenium immobilization at contaminated sites. This experiment investigates the reductive dissolution of two Se-jarosites (solid substitution containing high and low selenium concentrations) in the presence of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. It was observed that both Fe(III) and selenate were metabolically reduced and released into solution through jarosite dissolution . Selenate was also found to be incorporated intracellularly and reduced to particulate Se which was released upon cell lysis. Compared to the abiotic samples, enhanced dissolution was found with both the live and dead bacteria treatments.
Association between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and the Risk of Cataract: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hong , Yu Rong-Bin , Liu Rong , Hao Zhen-Xuan , Han Cheng-Cheng , Zhu Zhong-Hai , Ma Le
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentration and the risk of age-related cataract (ARC). MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies up to April 2013. Meta-analysis was conducted to obtain pooled relative risks (RRs) for the highest-versus-lowest categories of blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations. One cohort study and seven cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were significant inverse associations between nuclear cataract and blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations, with the pooled RRs ranging from 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.77) for zeaxanthin to 0.73 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.87) for lutein. A stronger association between nuclear cataract and blood zeaxanthin might be noted for the studies conducted in the European Nations. Blood lutein and zeaxanthin were also noted to lead towards a decrease in the risk of cortical cataract and subcapsular cataract; however, these pooled RRs were not statistically significant, with the exception of a marginal association between lutein and subcapsular cataract. Our results suggest that high blood lutein and zeaxanthin are significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of nuclear cataract. However, no significant associations were found for ARC in other regions of the lens.
Preface of the Special Issue: “Recent CMV Research”
Authors: Dufrene Kayla , DeBiasi Roberta , Colberg-Poley Anamaris
Published: January 2014

This Viruses Special Issue on Recent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Research is dedicated to the patients who have suffered CMV infection and to their parents, families and caregivers. We are including as a Preface to this issue the insights of a young college student, Kayla Dufrene, who suffered congenital CMV infection and contacted me and Dr. Roberta DeBiasi, to interview us to learn more about CMV. As I was just returning to the DC area from the 4th Congenital CMV Conference in San Francisco, I was particularly receptive to her request. When we met Kayla, we were both impressed with her personal strength and ability to cope with her disabilities and needed medical treatments. Despite it all, Kayla has an exceptionally positive outlook on life, feeling even lucky. She has not only coped, but has transcended her difficulties. I am proud to say that she was on the Dean’s List (Figure 1) at Gallaudet University. Ultimately, her hope lies in our fields’ efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent CMV disease in other children.
Education finance in Egypt: Problems and a possible solution
Authors: Healey Frank , Crouch Luis , Hannah R.
Published: January 2014

Egypt, currently in the throes of major political change, will likely undergo various reforms in the next few years. Some reforms are likely to give local entities, including schools, greater control over education finances. In 2007, the Government of Egypt began to decentralize some non-personnel recurrent finances from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance (MOF) to lower-level jurisdictions using a number of simple and transparent enrollment- and poverty-based funding formulas. By 2010, a sizable amount of capital expenditure was also being transferred to lower levels of the system via similar equity-based funding formulas. Prior to these formula-based decentralization efforts, a large amount of education-related non-personnel recurrent finances had been moving from the MOF to the muderiyat. Analysis of these latter allocations reveals that they are highly inequitable on an inter-governorate per-student basis, ranging from EGP 966 per student in New Valley to EGP 25 per student in 6th of October. This paper examines the nature and potential causes of this inequity and puts forth a way in which these funds could also be transferred using an equity-based funding formula that “holds harmless” those muderiyat that would lose absolute amounts of money under a more equitable distribution scheme.
Effectiveness of Efavirenz Compared with Ritonavir-Boosted Protease-Inhibitor-Based Regimens as Initial Therapy for Patients with Plasma HIV-1 RNA above 100,000 Copies/Ml
Authors: Imaz Arkaitz , Llibre Josep M , Navarro Jordi , Curto Jordi , Clotet Bonaventura , Crespo Manuel , Ferrer Elena , Saumoy Maria , Tiraboschi Juan M , Murillo Oscar , Podzamczer Daniel
Published: January 2014

Background

There are no clinical trials in which the main objective is to compare the efficacy of efavirenz versus ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with high plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. This study aims to compare these regimens in this patient population in the setting of routine clinical practice.

Methods

This was a multicentre, observational cohort study, including 596 consecutive treatment-naive patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA>100,000 copies/ml initiating efavirenz or PI/r-based ART between 2000 and 2010. The primary effectiveness end point was the percentage of patients with HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml at week 48 by intent-to-treat analysis.

Results

Among a total of 596 patients, 57% initiated efavirenz and 43% PI/r-regimens (73% lopinavir and fosamprenavir [62% lopinavir, 11% fosamprenavir]). HIV-1 RNA suppression to <50 copies/ml at week 48 was higher in the efavirenz group (84% versus 74% [difference 10%, 95% CI 3.4%, 16.7%; P=0.002]). The percentage of virological failures was similar (efavirenz 4% versus PI/r 4%; P=0.686), but voluntary discontinuations and toxicity-related treatment changes were higher with PI/r (4% versus 1%; P=0.006 and 11% versus 6%; P=0.069, respectively). However, resistance selection at failure was higher in patients receiving efavirenz (89% versus 50%; P=0.203). Efavirenz was significantly more effective than lopinavir/r or fosamprenavir/r, whereas no significant differences were observed between efavirenz and darunavir/r or atazanavir/r. The high viral suppression in the efavirenz group was also evident in patients with very high viral loads (>500,000 copies/ml) and in those with low CD4+ T-cell counts.

Conclusions

In routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of initial efavirenz-based regimens was at least similar to or even higher than various PI/r-based regimens in HIV-1-infected patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA>100,000 copies/ml.
Renforcer le Parlement: qu'est-ce à dire ?
Authors: Avril Pierre
Published: January 2014

Compte tenu des données constitutionnelles et politiques de la V e  République que l’on tient pour acquises (sauf à remettre en cause le « parlementarisme négatif » qui caractérise cette dernière), le renforcement du Parlement peut être cherché en combinant les deux clivages caractéristiques du régime : la distinction politique entre l’ensemble gouvernement-majorité et l’opposition d’une part, la séparation institutionnelle de l’exécutif et du législatif d’autre part. Si la fonction législative, qui met en œuvre une politique, sera toujours exercée essentiellement par la majorité sous l’égide du gouvernement, en revanche la fonction de contrôle et d’évaluation dans son acception moderne est la vocation spécifique de l’institution parlementaire, non de la seule opposition, et appelle des solutions innovantes. Il devrait en résulter un rééquilibrage à son profit de l’activité et du fonctionnement des assemblées.
La lente mais irrépressible renaissance des commissions parlementaires
Authors: Urvoas Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2014

Les rapports entre le gouvernement et les commissions permanentes des assemblées ont évolué. Hier la Constitution maintenait le législatif dans un rôle de simple chambre d’enregistrement des volontés de l’exécutif, aujourd’hui ce dernier est contraint à la négociation. Mais, si un tournant semble être pris pour le travail en commission, le gouvernement reste en position de force en séance publique.
Les binômes majorité-opposition
Authors: Bergougnous Georges
Published: January 2014

La reconnaissance constitutionnelle de l’opposition va de pair avec l’affirmation de la fonction de contrôle et d’évaluation du Parlement, l’une comme l’autre devant assurer son renouveau et sa revalorisation, pierre philosophale de la révision de 2008. Au nombre des instruments privilégiés pour ce faire, figure la mise en place de binômes politiquement paritaires, censés responsabiliser l’opposition et normaliser ses rapports avec la majorité. Mais le recours à cette méthode invite à la réflexion concernant tant son cantonnement aux tâches de contrôle que la consécration d’une réalité politique bipartisane.
Le temps parlementaire
Authors: Portelli Hugues
Published: January 2014

La Constitution de 1958 a placé le Parlement sous la tutelle du gouvernement non seulement en ce qui concerne la compétence et les procédures de décision, mais aussi pour la gestion de son temps de travail, qu’il s’agisse de la durée des sessions, de l’ordre du jour ou de la prise de parole. Il a fallu attendre la révision constitutionnelle de 2008 pour qu’un rééquilibrage s’opère, mais dont le bénéficiaire est surtout la majorité parlementaire. Celle-ci, excepté le domaine financier qui reste l’apanage du gouvernement, traite désormais d’égal à égal avec ce dernier, qu’il s’agisse de la fixation et du contenu de l’ordre du jour ou du temps de parole partagé.
La CMP, lieu mystérieux de pouvoir
Authors: Hyest Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2014

L’institution de la commission mixte paritaire, une des originalités de la V e  République (telle qu’énoncée à l’article 45 C), vise à permettre le développement d’un bicamérisme équilibré et à éviter un blocage des débats entre les deux assemblées du Parlement. Soumise à des règles simples, elle permet un véritable dialogue entre l’Assemblée nationale et le Sénat. Cet article expose le cheminement de cette procédure, qui concerne près d’un tiers des projets ou propositions de loi soumis au Parlement.
La déontologie, condition du renouveau du parlement
Authors: Anziani Alain
Published: January 2014

La déontologie parlementaire est un triangle à trois sommets : le respect de la loi, sanctionné pénalement, l’esprit de la loi, qui doit écarter les conflits d’intérêts, et l’éthique, avec ses nouvelles questions portant sur l’absentéisme et les comportements. Sous peine d’aggraver la perte de confiance dans l’action publique, le tout nécessite une plus grande transparence, un contrôle incontestable et des sanctions. La France, exemplaire en matière de financement de la vie politique, demeure, malgré des progrès récents, toujours à la recherche de son modèle de déontologie parlementaire.
Parlement et cour des comptes
Authors: Jan Pascal
Published: January 2014

Malgré l’ancienneté des relations entre le Parlement et la Cour des comptes, ce n’est qu’au cours des deux dernières décennies que celles-ci se sont densifiées, traduisant de fait une alliance objective entre les deux institutions qui se renforcent ainsi mutuellement. Le Parlement profite de la qualité des travaux de la Cour pour intensifier avec pertinence son contrôle de l’action gouvernementale. La Cour, indépendante et réactive, gagne en respectabilité et se place comme une auxiliaire privilégiée du Parlement dans la reconquête de son autorité face à l’exécutif.
Le découpage électoral des circonscriptions législatives : le parlement hors jeu ?
Authors: Ehrhard Thomas
Published: January 2014

Le processus du découpage électoral en France est aussi méconnu qu’enclin à attirer la suspicion. Si le Parlement est dessaisi de cette opération au profit du gouvernement dans un premier temps, on assiste à un retour des parlementaires au sein du processus dans un second. La vision politisée et partisane de l’opération de délimitation des circonscriptions législatives repose sur une image éloignée de la réalité complexe du processus. Cet article est basé sur une mise en perspective par les contraintes institutionnelles qui construisent le découpage électoral, enrichie par des entretiens réalisés avec les principaux acteurs du découpage.
Le renouveau de l'opposition
Authors: Vidal-Naquet Ariane
Published: January 2014

Malgré la constitutionnalisation de l’opposition et la reconnaissance, à son profit, de droits spécifiques, le renouveau de l’opposition n’a pas eu lieu : cette dernière n’exerce qu’avec difficulté les nouveaux pouvoirs dont elle dispose et reste cantonnée à une fonction d’obstruction. Un véritable renouvellement de l’opposition suppose à la fois l’émancipation de la majorité et l’acclimatation d’une vraie culture du Parlement.
El adulterio y la violencia femenina en algunos pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez María
Published: January 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el tratamiento del adulterio y la violencia femenina en pliegos sueltos poéticos del siglo XVI. Mediante un recorrido por varios casos veremos cómo la mujer adúltera comete todo tipo de atrocidades y asesinatos para gozar libremente de su amante. En ocasiones asesinará al marido, pero también a todos aquellos que se interpongan en su relación. Se nos presenta así la imagen de una mujer libidinosa, cruel y peligrosa, de acuerdo con la concepción y la mentalidad de la época.
La indumentaria tradicional en la construcción de la identidad extremeña
Authors: Valadés Sierra Juan M.
Published: January 2014

En el proceso de etnogénesis de la comunidad extremeña, los símbolos regionales desempeñan un papel fundamental, tanto en la creación de iconos nuevos como en la selección y actualización de elementos tradicionales, entre los que no faltan los originados en tradiciones inventadas. La indumentaria es uno de esos símbolos de la región, habiendo llegado a constituirse un modelo, el traje de Montehermoso, aceptado como representativo de la comunidad, junto a modelos emblemáticos de algunas localidades donde en realidad la indumentaria tradicional se había perdido hace ya cien años.
Herreros y Cantaores: El trabajo de los metales en la génesis del flamenco
Authors: Cáceres Feria Rafael , Del Campo Tejedor Alberto
Published: January 2014

Entre artistas, aficionados y estudiosos del flamenco existe la generalizada idea de que las herrerías gitanas han constituido, desde antiguo, lugares míticos donde se ha conservado pura la tradición calé; incluso que sería allí donde se habría creado el embrión de lo que después será el flamenco. Por otra parte, a las fraguas gitanas se ha asociado un cante propio y exclusivo: los martinetes, supuestamente ejecutados al ritmo del martilleo sobre el yunque. Este artículo desmonta ambos tópicos, y para ello ahonda antropológicamente en el ambivalente rol y estatus de los gitanos herreros; analiza fuentes históricas que se ocupan del trabajo de los metales entre los gitanos, así como testimonios literarios que recrean escenas de música en las herrerías, y revisa lo que conocemos sobre los martinetes. El texto permite comprender la verdadera dimensión de los gitanos herreros en Andalucía, y en qué medida han jugado estos un papel en la gestación y desarrollo del flamenco.
La articulación de Castilla y España como tema de la canción popular
Authors: Camazón Linacero Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2014

¿Es Castilla la «madre» de España o una «víctima» de ella? Este artículo no pretende responder a semejante pregunta, sino analizar el discurso de un conjunto de canciones populares que han desarrollado esos y otros tópicos en torno a la relación de Castilla con España, vinculando ese discurso al contexto en el que tales canciones han sido producidas y reproducidas. Se sostiene que esas composiciones son deudoras de los debates que los eruditos han mantenido sobre la articulación de ambas patrias y que la difusión de dichas canciones ha contribuido a que agentes ajenos a la intelectualidad adopten como suyas las ideas provenientes de esos debates y las incluyan en sus prácticas de identificación y diferenciación.
Online Identity Analysis Model
Authors: Aresta Mónica , Pedro Luís , Santos Carlos , Moreira António
Published: January 2014

Social media is changing the way individuals collaborate, learn and express themselves, allowing for the construction of an identity and a reputation that encompasses over many other digital spaces. In a context where the online identity of individuals may reveal the sum of their experiences and skills, reflecting the path of their personal, academic and professional lives, this paper introduces a conceptual framework and a model developed to analyse the construction of the self in online environments. The model was used in a research study developed at University of Aveiro, Portugal, aiming to analyse how identity is built and managed in formal and informal digital environments and reveals the existence of two main online identity profiles – context driven and user-driven identity profiles.
Probabilistic Nodes Combination
Authors: Jakóbczak Dariusz
Published: January 2014

Mathematics and computer science are interested in methods of 2D curve interpolation and extrapolation using the set of key points (knots or nodes). Proposed method, called by author Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC), is such a method. This novel PNC method is introduced in the case of Hurwitz- Radon Matrices (MHR). MHR method is based on the family of Hurwitz-Radon (HR) matrices which possess columns composed of orthogonal vectors. Two-dimensional curve is modeled and interpolated via different functions as probability distribution functions: polynomial, sinus, cosine, tangent, cotangent, logarithm, exponent, arcsin, arccos, arctan, arcctg or power function, also inverse functions. It is shown how to build the orthogonal matrix operator and how to use it in a process of curve reconstruction.
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employees’ Behaviour
Authors: Samanta Irene
Published: January 2014

Nowadays one of the main effort of firms is to implement the concept of the business of business is the social contribution to the society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an effort to achieve positive results for corporate performance. The present research examines the effect of CSR activities on the employees of a company. This research is a case study on a multinational company. A total of 30 supervisors and 176 employees were examined. CSR programmes have a strong influence on employees’ behaviour as regards their organizational commitment, intention to stay, positive word-of-mouth reports, job performance and CSR championing behaviour.
Modeling the Impact of Biometric Security on Millennials’ Protection Motivation
Authors: Ngugi Benjamin , Kamis Arnold
Published: January 2014

Security researchers and managers would like to know the best ways of introducing new innovations and motivating their use. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory to model the coping and threat appraisals that motivate Millennials, who are early technology adopters, to adopt or resist biometric security for system access. One hundred fifty-nine Millennials were given a hypothetical scenario in which system access would be enhanced by biometric security to strengthen user authentication. The authors model the results with PLS and find that Protection Motivation Theory provides a good explanation of the user’s perceptions of biometric security. The model suggests that the users’ protection motivation is influenced directly by the Perceived System Response Efficacy of the biometric system and indirectly by Perceived Effort Expectancy, Perceived Computer Self-Efficacy, Perceived Privacy Invasion and Perceived System Vulnerability. Implications and limitations of the model are discussed.
End User Security Training for Identification and Access Management
Authors: San Nicolas-Rocca Tonia , Olfman Lorne
Published: January 2014

Identification and access management (I/AM) is among the top security issues facing institutions of higher education. Most institutions of higher education require end users to provide usernames and passwords to gain access to personally identifiable information (PII). This leaves universities vulnerable to unauthorized access and unauthorized disclosure of PII as, according to recent literature, usernames and passwords alone are insufficient for proper authentication of users into information and information systems. This study examines a critical element in the successful implementation of any information security initiative, end user training. Specifically, this study advances research in the area of end user security training by using canonical action research (CAR) to develop and refine an IT security training framework that can guide institutions of higher education in the implementation of USB security tokens for two-factor authentication using public key infrastructure (PKI).
Die barmhartige Samaritaan: 'n Preekskets van Lukas 10:25—37
Authors: Boshoff P. B.
Published: January 2014

The Good Samaritan: A homiletic outline oi Luke 10:25—37 The article aims to meditate on the Good Samaritan, taking redaction criticism and form criticism into consideration. The outcome is that the Good Samaritan is an example story incorporated into Luke's redactional tendency that in the case of one member of the congregation losing his possessions through confiscation, the other members are held responsible for his financial support.
Marxisme 'n Trojaanse perd
Authors: Van der Westhuizen H. G.
Published: January 2014

Marxism a Trojan horse Communism is not a direct danger at this moment in South Africa. Communism is fought against by the government. Terrorism is our daily enemy. Communism is forbidden by law. Albeit Marxism proceeds on a broad spectrum of South African life by the influence of certain academics, church leaders and politicians. The excuse is that Marxism is to be differentiated from Marxism-Leninism. The latter is supposed to be Communism. In this way Marxism eventually becomes the Trojan horse for Communism in the South African community.
Belydenisuitsprake as Pauliniese briefoorgange
Authors: Roberts J. H.
Published: January 2014

Credal statements as Pauline epistoraly transitions In view of the fact that I have previously found five occurrances of credal statements in the Pauline literature, the function of which were to effect a transition from letter opening to letter body, the three cases of Romans 1: 16—17, Ephesians 1: 22—23, and Colossians 1: 13—20 were analysed with a view to their credal content and function towards the communication of these letters. The analyses were preceded by a discussion of recent research on credal material in the New Testament.
Die etiek van HM Kuitert na aanleiding van sy boek Suicide - wat is er tegen? Selfdoding in moreel perspectief
Authors: Naudé R. M.
Published: January 2014

The ethics of HM Kuitert according to his book entitled. Suicide - wat is er tegen? Selfdoding in moreel perspektief According to several publications Kuitert is criticised as a humanist. This paper tests his view on suicide to this accusation. It is found that Kuitert accepts teleology and solidarity as norms for his ethics and uses it as a method for his arguments against suicide. His goal is to offer an ethic which is acceptable for the Christian and the non-Christian. This results in outonomy with less emphasis on the theological argument against suicide. The result of this study is that the ethics of Kuitert cannot be described as mere humanism. Outonomy is judged as a form of theonomy.
Die Judasbrief: 'n Simboliese universum in die gedrang
Authors: Joubert S. J.
Published: January 2014

The letter of Jude: A symbolic universe endangered The readers to whom Jude adresses his letter experience alienation from their symbolic universe because of their contact with certain people who hold a different interpretation of God. Within the letter's textworld Jude maintains his reader's symbolic universe by changing their image from that of a weak group to a strong group with a clearly defined status and role. He also presents their world as an ordered whole and as the only legitimate form of existence where God protects those who obey his commands and punishes those who place themselves outside the readers' symbolic universe through their conduct.
Die Groot Trek en die Kerk
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: January 2014

The Great Trek and the Church The emigration of about 15 000 pioneer-farmers from the eastern Cape districts to the interior of Southern Africa, was a definite turning point in South African history. In 1852-1854, which can be regarded as the final date of the Great Trek, there were in South Africa two British colonies i e the Cape and Natal and two Boer republics i e the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. This study traces the history of the church during the emigration and the establishment of the church by the emigrants.
Tradition and interpretation: Twenty-five attempted approaches - in honour of E Earle Ellis
Authors: Lombard H. A.
Published: January 2014

In a collection of essays in honour of prof E Earle Ellis twenty-five scholars surveyed the present (1987) state of New Testament scholarship and presented their own contributions. The title, Tradition and interpretation in the New Testament, epitomises the paradigm by means of which the authors dealt with issues such as methodology relating to New Testament studies, the meaning and significance of crucial New Testament passages and some New Testament theological themes. The present author contends that the qualification ‘attempted approaches’ in the subtitle of this article spells out that a scrutiny of the articles displays that the authors did not investigate interpretations of traditions in the New Testament, but that they rather present their diverse interpretations of the various versions of early-Christian traditions contained in the New Tesatament.
Markus 16:1-8 in die konteks van ’n konstniksie van die Markaanse gemeente
Authors: Strijdom J. M. , Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

Mark 16:1-8 in the context of a construed Marcan setting The purpose of this article is to construct a context for the Marcan community. Results of previous scholars, who have used redaction critical, literary, and socio-historical methods are synthesized to achieve this aim. Time and place, intra-, inter-, and extra- community relations are in turn considered in theses. Expositions of pro and contra arguments for the theses emphasise the relativity of the proposed construction. In the second part of the article an attempt is made to understand Mark 16:1-8 in the imagined community context.
Besinning oor die apostolaat in die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk
Authors: Van der Westhuizen H. G.
Published: January 2014

A considering on the apostolate of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Church In spite of spending large sums on missions, the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika needs to rethink the organisation of its mission councils. A plea is made for fundamental reorientation at membership level in both the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika as the ‘missionary church’ and the Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika as the ‘mission church’ in respect of their mission structures.
The prophets and Sodom: The prophetic use of the Sodom and Gomorrah theme
Authors: Loader J. A.
Published: January 2014

The use made of the Sodom and Gomorrah theme by the pre-exilic prophets is investigated first in the book of Osiah, where most of the ‘Sodom passages’ occur, after which oth er eighth-century prophets as well (as later pre-exilic prophets) a re in corporated into the investigation. Finally, the complex of prophetic motifs is related to the Sodom story in Genesis 18-19. It is argued that the narrative is a unit, dating from the seventh century BCE, about a crisis in social values and about punishment which does not jeopardise God ’s righteousness towards individuals. Far from being at variance with the prophetic perspective, its tru st is thoroughly compatible with th e way in which th e prophets used the Sodom theme during the eighth and in subsequent centuries.
Social description or social-scientific interpretation? A survey of modern scholarship
Authors: Van Staden P. , Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

Recent interest in the social aspects of the first-century Mediterranean world reflected in the texts of the New Testament has taken primarily two directions. The one approach concentrates on social description, and the oth er on social-scientific interp re tatio n . This article surveys the major works of several of the leading exponents of this type of study in terms of the extent to which they make use of the social sciences. It differs from existing surveys by having an in-depth look at the elements of social-scientific theory and method actually employed, and by making a comparative assessment of the importance allocated by different authors to the role of the text as a deliberate construction.
Vooronderstellings in die verstaansproses met spesifieke verwysing na Heinrich Ott se Christologiese model
Authors: Robbertze M. D. , Koekemoer J. H.
Published: January 2014

Presuppositions in the hermeneutical process, with spesific reference to the christological model of Heinrich Ott This article strives to examine the characteristics of the interpretation process, as well as the role that presuppositions play in it. A conclusion is reached that presuppositioniess interpretation does not exist. Interpretation can only be scientifically true if we are aware of our presuppositions, and if we articulate them clearly. A final decisive interpretation is therefore out of the question. This does not entail relativism, it rather involves a multiplicity of viewpoints with relation to a specific issue. In order to illustrate how presuppositions play a role in the interpretation process, there follows an examination of philosophical conceptions - specifically the existential philosophy - in the christological model of Heinrich Ott as expounded in his Die Antwort des Glaubens.
Kerkeberade: Het dit ’n plek in die Gereformeerde kerkregering?
Authors: Kleynhans E. P. J.
Published: January 2014

Church conferences: Does the Reformed Church government have room for it? The National Conference of Church Leaders in South Africa, held at Rustenburg in 1990, like the Cottesloe Conference in December 1960, caused a violent reaction, especially amongst members of the Dutch Reformed Church. As a matter of fact, a considerable number of members resigned in protest against what happened at Rustenburg. The question of whether such a conference could fit in with the principles of Reformed Ecclesiastical government came strongly to the fore. This question is dealt with in the article.
The production of the Gospel of Mark: An essay on intertextuality
Authors: Vorster W. S.
Published: January 2014

For more than a century the emphasis has been on the growth and not on the making of the Gospel of Mark. This essay focuses on the latter. Firstly, a tten tio n is paid to the current views on the origins of the material in order to illustrate the implications of the traditional focus. Secondly, the production of the Gospel of Mark is discussed from the perspective of a totally different perception of the phenomena of text and textual relationships.
Markus 1:4 in die Nuwe Aftikaanse Vertaling
Authors: Thom J. C.
Published: January 2014

Mark 1:4 in the New Afrikaans Bible Mark 1:4 is often used as an example text to illustrate the difference between traditional and newer approaches to Bible translating. The reason is that the verse contains a concatenation of nominalizations of events (i e, baptism, repentance, forgiveness and sins) which is foreign to many modern languages. In this paper the way the New Afrikaans Bible translates these words is analysed and evaluated. It is concluded that the New Afrikaans Bible’s (1983) translation of this verse has been influenced by dogmatic concerns rather than linguistic considerations.
Recent developments in South African Jesus research: From Willem Vorster to Andries van Aarde
Authors: Van Aarde A. G.
Published: January 2014

In the previous article (see HTS 49/3) the work of Andrie du Toit and Willem Vorster on historical Jesus research were discussed. In this article Andries van Aarde’s work is discussed under the following topics: Jesus as a social outcast, Herodian Palestine in macrosociological perspective, the historical Jesus and engaged hermeneutics, and the ‘fatherless’ Jesus. In conclusion, the kind of influence that South African Jesus research is subjected to or stimulated by is shown.
Christians in South Africa: The statistical picture
Authors: Kritzinger J. J.
Published: January 2014

Government censuses since 1960 indicate that the religious picture was already largely fixed by the 1950s. Already at that stage some 3 out of 4 South Africans identified themselves as ‘Christians’. Since then this percentage grew steadily, mainly because of ongoing growth in the christianising of the black population. The high percentage of people who didn’t supply any religious information during the 1991 census makes recent analysis difficult. However, two trends seem clear: (a) the movement towards African Independent Churches (AICs) is continuing, and (b) a significant number joins the newer Apostolic/Charismatic churches. Another reality is the presence of Christian nominality, which is not refiected in the census figures, but can be as high as 75%.
Role of screening of whole spine with sagittal MRI with MR myelography in early detection and management of occult intrasacral meningocele
Authors: Azad Rajiv , Azad Sheenam , Shukla Ashish , Arora Pankaj
Published: January 2014

Objective: We evaluated the role of screening of the whole spine by sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with MR myelography in early detection and management of occult intrasacral meningocele. Materials and Methods: A prospective and retrospective analysis of MRI and MR myelography studies of the whole spine over a period of one year was performed. Results: Thirty cases with sacral meningeal cysts were seen. On MRI, six patients (three males, three females) fulfilled the criterion of occult intrasacral meningocele. These patients showed a cyst of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal intensity in the sacral canal below the dural sac. This cyst communicated with the thecal sac through a narrow pedicle. Fat signal intensity in the filum terminale and occult sacral dysraphism in the form of an absent or hypoplastic neural arch was observed in all the patients. Low-lying conus medullaris with thick filum terminale was seen in five of these six patients. Excision of the cyst with the release of filum was performed in two patients with a favorable outcome. Conclusion: Screening MRI with MR myelography of the whole spine may play a role in the early detection and management of occult intrasacral meningocele. The commonly associated thick filum terminale and low-lying conus medullaris may be missed otherwise that may lead to a progression of symptoms.
Symptomatic Rathke's cleft cyst with a co-existing pituitary tumor; Brief review of the literature
Authors: Babu Ranjith , Back Adam , Komisarow Jordan , Owens Timothy , Cummings Thomas , Britz Gavin
Published: January 2014

Pituitary adenomas and Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) share a common embryological origin. Occasionally, these two lesions can present within the same patient. We present a case of a 39-year-old male who was found to have a large sellar lesion after complaints of persistent headaches and horizontal nystagmus. Surgical resection revealed components of a RCC co-existing with a pituitary adenoma. A brief review of the literature was performed revealing 38 cases of co-existing Rathke's cleft cysts and pituitary adenomas. Among the cases, the most common symptoms included headache and visual changes. Rathke's cleft cysts and pituitary adenomas are rarely found to co-exist, despite having common embryological origins. We review the existing literature, discuss the common embryology to these two lesions and describe a unique case from our institution of a co-existing Rathke's cleft cyst and pituitary adenoma.
Schwannomatous components in a recurrent lipomyelocele: Report of a rare case
Authors: Mondal Santosh
Published: January 2014

Congenital lipomatous malformations of spinal cord constitute a diverse group of lesions and lipomyelocele is one of them. Here, we report a case of congenital lipomyelocele in a male child who presented at 7 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lesion in lumbosacral region. The patient was operated and histologic examination diagnosed the case to be lipomyelocele. But after 8 years, recurrence of the lesion occurred and MRI revealed the lesion at the same location. This time histologic examination detected another new component (schwannomatous areas) in the lesion. The child was on 1-year follow-up which was uneventful.
Structure, Composition, and Properties of Silk from the African Wild Silkmoth, Anaphe panda (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)
Authors: Kebede Addis T. , Raina Suresh K. , Kabaru Jacques M.
Published: January 2014

Silk cocoon nests, as well as the fiber structure, compositions, and properties of the African wild silkmoth, Anaphe panda, collected from Kakamega tropical rainforest (western Kenya) were studied using scanning electron microscopy, high-pressureliquid chromatography, tensile tests, and thermogravmetric analysis, and they were compared with the industrial standard, Bombyx mori. Cocoon nests are complex structures made up of inner, middle, and outer layers. The inner hard parchment was found to protect a mass of (20–200) individual soft flossy cocoons that enclose the pupae. The outer surface of the cocoon nests was covered with a mass of hair-like bristles. Fibers contained crescent-shaped and globular cross-sections with nods at regular intervals. Alanine (34%) and glycine (28%) were the dominant fibroin amino acids observed. Total weight loss after degumming the cocoon nest was 25.6%. Degummed fibers showed higher moisture regain of 9% when compared with cocoon nests (8%). The fibers had 0.4 GPa breaking stress and 15.4% breaking strain. Total weight loss values after thermogravimetric analysis were 86% and 90% for degummed fibers and cocoon shells, respectively.
From Professionalisation to Global Ambitions: the History of History Writing at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Middell Matthias
Published: January 2014

Over the past twenty years, the history of historiography has developed into an increasingly professionalised field within general history writing. At the same time, its narrow focus on national historiography has been acknowledged. This review essay places Daniel Woolf’s A Global History of History (2011) in the context of new directions in global history and the history of historiography. Woolf’s main goal is to rehabilitate the non-European parts of that history of history writing, refuting the traditional Eurocentric, teleological approach in histories of Western thought and the Whiggishness of many intellectual histories of historiography. The great strength of the book, this review essay argues, is that it compares an innovation in one corner of the world with other innovations elsewhere, thus focusing on multiple modernities. Woolf also makes us aware of transnational entanglements, of the simultaneity of concepts and practices in regions far apart as well as the lack of communication between regions geographically closer to each other. Although Woolf does not pay enough attention to the most recent trends in global history writing, his global history of historiography will further nourish comparative studies of historiography.