bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract No.: ABS2471: Comparison of landmark versus ECG-guided technique for correct insertion of central venous catheter in paediatric patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Garg Monika
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Central venous catheters (CVC), commonly indicated in paediatric patients during cardiac surgeries can cause various complications if not correctly positioned. Objective of this study was to compare correct placement of the CVC tip using anatomical landmark technique with ECG-guided technique.

Methods:

A prospective, randomised interventional study was conducted on 72 patients of <12 years age, randomly allotted to two groups of 36 patients each (landmark and ECG). After induction, central venous cannulation was performed in right IJV in all patients using either of the techniques. Post operative chest X rays were obtained in all patients and correct position of CVC was checked. CVC tip position within 0.5cm above/ below or at carina was considered as correct position. Analyses were performed using Student’s t-tests and Chi square-tests.

Results:

It was found that 22 (61.11%) in the landmark group were positioned correctly as compared to 33 (91.67%) in the ECG group (p = 0.006). The mean depth of CVC insertion was 9.05±1.66 in landmark group and 8.26±1.41 in the ECG group (p= 0.032). The landmark group had 12 (33.33%) participants with complications during the procedure, compared to 3 (8.33%) in the ECG-guided group (p = 0.020).

Conclusion:

ECG-guided technique was found to be more accurate for CVC tip placement than the anatomical landmark technique. ECG-guided technique had less complications than the anatomical landmark technique. Hence, ECG-guided CVC placement is relatively accurate, efficient, and safe.

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Abstract No.: ABS2482: A comparative study to evaluate the effect of melatonin on blood loss after elective Caesarean section: a randomised double blind study.
Authors: Gowda K Sunil
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) being a cause for one-third of obstetric deaths, its prevention helps decreasing blood loss at caesarean section. Melatonin acts on MT1 and MT2 receptors in the myometrium, and similarities between melatonin and oxytocin signaling could lead to increased contractility.

Methods:

After obtaining informed-written-consent, patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups, of 30 each to receive either melatonin 3mg (group M3), or placebo (group P) orally, 1h before spinal-anaesthesia. Patient was preloaded with 10ml/kg ringer-lactate solution. In operating-room, standard monitoring was connected. Oxygen was delivered at 4L/min. SAB was administered, and motor-blockade determined using modified-Bromage-scale. After delivery, injection oxytocin was given. Haemoglobin values were determined before and 12h after surgery. Blood-loss (ml) was measured-as a) the difference between the weight of used materials before and after the surgery and b) the volume of suction after placental delivery. The sedation score assessment was done. Neonatal Apgar score and birth weight were noted.

Results:

There was significant difference between group M and group P in total blood loss with mean 1357.17 and 1440 and standard deviation 162.82 and 170.31 respectively with p=0.029539.

Conclusion:

The use of melatonin 3mg orally as premedication in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia could statistically decrease the amount of blood loss after caesarean section.

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Abstract No.: ABS2571: Comparison of postoperative analgesia and opioid requirement with thoracic epidural vs. continuous rectus sheath infusion in midline incision laparotomies under general anaesthesia. A prospective randomised controlled study.
Authors: Mounika Achanta
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

To assess and compare the effect of bilateral continuous rectus sheath infusion (CRSB) for postoperative analgesia with continuous thoracic epidural infusion (TEA) in patients undergoing midline incision laparotomies

Methods:

A prospective, randomised study involving 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III, planned for elective laparotomy were enrolled for the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: TEA group: an epidural was sited before induction of general anaesthesia (GA); CRSB group: bilateral ultrasound-guided RSB catheters were placed at the end of the surgical procedure, before extubation. Both groups received continuous 0.2% ropivacaine infusion. They were followed for two post-operative days (POD). Opioid requirement and post-operative pain at rest, coughing and moving were noted. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21.0

Results:

Opioid consumption in both groups was comparable, for the first two post-operative days with no statistically significant difference. Pain scores were comparable among the groups at all times except POD 0 (4 h and 12 h postop) and POD 1 (8 AM and 12PM), where lower pain scores were observed in CRSB Group.

Conclusion:

As a part of the multimodal analgesia technique, CRSB offers a reliable, safe, and effective alternative to TEA
Abstract No.: ABS2686 : Evaluation of efficacy of midazolam and propofol on postoperative nausea and Vomiting in day care surgeries - A prospective clinical study
Authors: C Nivetha
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

In several studies, midazolam and propofol have been demonstrated to have some benefits with regard to postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of sub-hypnotic doses of midazolam and propofol to reduce the incidence of PONV.

Methods:

Eighty patients of ASA I&II were taken up for elective ambulatory surgeries under general anaesthesia. Study patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group M (n=40) received Injection Midazolam 1mg Intravenously and Group P (n=40) received Injection Propofol 20 mg intravenously 15 mins before extubation. Any additional antiemetic given to treat PONV was noted. Nausea and vomiting score was used to assess these symptoms, immediately, at 30 mins, 2hrs, 4hrs, and 6 hrs. Intraoperative and postoperative haemodynamic status and sedation were recorded and data collected was analysed statistically.

Results:

After extubation, the incidence of nausea was 5% in group P, 10% in group M, and retching was 2.5% in bothgroups(P=0.835). After 30 minutes, nausea was 15% in group P, 12.5% in group M, retching was 2.5% in both the groups(P=0.948). At 2 hours, nausea occurred in 2.5% in group P and 5% of patients in group M(P=0.556). At 4th/6th hours, no PONV occured. There was no significant difference in haemodynamic or sedation scores.

Conclusion:

From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that both that IV midazolam 1 mg and IV propofol 20 mg given 15 minutes beforeextubation are equally efficacious in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing day care surgeries.
Abstract No. : ABS2860 : Comparative evaluation of conventional versus pulsed versus combined radiofrequency ablation for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Trigeminal neuralgia is a manifestation of orofacial neuropathic pain restricted to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. This prospective study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of conventional versus pulsed versus combined radiofrequency ablation for treatment.

Methods:

The patients were divided in three groups of 20 each. In group I (n=20), patients were administered fluoroscope guided conventional radiofrequency ablation at 75°C and thermal lesion was applied for 270 seconds. In group II (n=20), patients were administered fluoroscope guided pulsed radiofrequency ablation for 10 minutes at 45 V, with a pulse width of 10 ms and a pulse frequency of 4 Hz at 42°C. In group III (n=20), patients were administered fluoroscopic guided conventional radiofrequency ablation followed by pulsed radiofrequency ablation. Patients were followed up for a period of three months.

Results:

Pain scores (visual analogue scale) were found comparable between the three groups at all the time points (p>0.05). Vital parameters like heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also comparable amongst the three groups at different time points and showed no statistical significance (p>0.05). None of the patients reported any serious complications.

Conclusion:

All the three procedures, conventional radiofrequency, pulsed radiofrequency and combined conventional and pulsed radiofrequency are safe and effective techniques for management of patients with trigeminal neuralgia, with comparable efficacy. All the techniques provide good pain relief and improvement in disability to the patients.
Abstract No. : ABS2908: Comparison of recovery characteristics of 2-chlorprocaine 40 mg and low dose Bupivacaine 10 mg under spinal anaesthesiafor short duration surgeries
Authors: Chaudhari Bhoomika
Published: September 2024

Background &Aims:

Comparison of recovery characteristics by comparing two drugs in short duration surgeries by comparing sensory and motor regression, time to achieve successful micturition and assisted ambulation were the objectives of the study.

Methods:

This observational study was conducted in 30 individuals in group A for drug 2- chlorprocaine 40 mg, 30 patients in group B for Bupivacaine 10 mg with age group of 18 to 60 years and with AmericanSocietyofAnesthesiologistsclass I, II, III posted for short duration surgeries. After taking informed written consent, the drug was given intrathecally under strict aseptic precautions in lateral decubitus position. From achieving maximum sensory level, time to sensory regression upto S2 level ,modifiedBromage scale 0, successful micturition time and assisted ambulation time were recorded and compared between both the groups.

Results:

The time differences between both group A and B; sensory regression was 141.21Â± 23.05 min and 91.53 Â±29.30 min with p value 0.00001 ;for motor regression 138.85Â±24.6 min and 85.38Â±27.91 min with p value <0.00001; For micturition178.21 Â± 27.05 min and 115 Â± 32.81 min with p value 0.00002 and for assisted ambulation 162.21Â±27.57 min and 95.53 Â± 37.281 min with p value of 0.000017. There was a significant difference in regression between both the groups.

Conclusion:

Bupivacaine has slower regression of motor and sensory effect while time to achieve micturition and assisted ambulation is lesser with 2-chlorprocaine as compared to bupivacaine.
Abstract No.: ABS3031: Effect of nebulised dexmedetomidine on parental separation in paediatric patients
Authors: JutooruShreehari
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Fear of parental separation causes preoperative anxiety in 50-70% of paediatric patients leading to high incidence of postoperative pain, emergence. Inhalation of nebuliser drug provides alternative to preoperative sedation in children and needle puncture from intravenous/intramuscular (iv/im) can be avoided.

Methods:

In this prospective randomiseddouble blind study 92 patients aged between 1-10 years were taken. Patients were divided into two groups as Group D and group C. Patients were kept fasting according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) guidelines. Group D received nebulised dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg) and Group C received nebulised NS preoperatively. Parental separation anxiety scale (PSAS) at 20 min after the end of nebulisation was compared between the two groups while shifting to operating room.

Patients were monitored intraoperatively and postoperatively for one hour. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Parameters were compared between C and D group..Parental separation was satisfactory in group D (p = 0.020)compared to group C.

Conclusion:

Nebulised dexmedetomidine can be used as a premedicant in paediatric patients preoperatively, as it provides better parental separation and reduces anxiety.
Abstract No.: ABS3159: Utility of prognostic scores in prediction of mortality after emergency surgery in COVID-19 patients – A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Karna Sunaina Tejpal
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Pre-operative prognostic scoring in emergency surgeries is important for informed consent and optimum resource allocation. The accuracy of pre-operative prognostic scores in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate prognostic scoring tools in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in adults with confirmed COVID-19 infection within 7 weeks before or 1 week after emergency surgery. (1) Demographic data, prognostic risk scores [American Association of Anaesthesiologists Physical Classification (ASA), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), quick SOFA (qSOFA), Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), and Portsmouth POSSUM (P-POSSUM) scores], and surgical and anaesthetic factors were noted along with morbidity and 30-day mortality. The correlation of prognostic scores and mortality was evaluated using univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs), Youden’s index, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit model.

Results:

Sixty-seven COVID-19 patients underwent emergency surgery during the study period. The overall mortality was 19%, with the highest in gastro-intestinal/general surgery and sinus surgery. Positive qSOFA and ASA 3E/4E were associated with 9.03 and 12.7 times higher mortality risk, respectively. Each unit increase of SOFA-, POSSUM-, and P-POSSUM-predicted mortality scores led to 50%, 7%, and 6% higher mortality. SOFA, POSSUM, and P-POSSUM area under the curve–ROC curves showed good discrimination between survivors and non-survivors (AUC 0.8829, 0.85, and 0.86, respectively).

Conclusion:

The overall mortality was comparable to the published literature. (2) SOFA, POSSUM, and P-POSSUM models are good prognostictools for predicting the post-operative 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients. qSOFA, a simple, clinical, objective tool, also has an aprognostic value.
Abstract No.: ABS3164 : Awake fiberoptic intubation in paediatric patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Authors: Gandhi Atul
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Endotracheal Intubation in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is considered as difficult airway manaegment. Fibreoptic intubation is the gold standard for TMJ ankylosis.

Methods:

In the present study 30 patients aged 5 -14 yrs were enroled for awake fiberoptic intubation [Table 1]. The procdure of awake fiberoptic intubation was explained to them. Patients were preoxygentaion for 5 min using nasal airway. All patient xyolcaine jelly was inserted in more patent nostril and nostril and 1% inj xylocaine was injected trans-tracheal. Following this trachea was intubated using fiber optic intubation. The correct placement of tracheal tube was confirmed with chest auscultation and and endtidal carbondioxide monitoring.

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Results:

Out of 30 patients,three patients could not be intubated and tracheostomy was done in one patient and in two patients surgery was postponed. In these 2 patients surgery which was done after two weeks using fiberoptic intubation successfully using spontaneous ventilation with oxygen in sevoflurane.

Conclusion:

The use of awake fiberoptic intubation after explaining to patients and parents resulted in successful outcome in patients of TM ankylosis.
Abstract No. : ABS3199: Comparison of self-selected music and prefixed music on reduction of perioperative Anxiety in adult Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general Anaesthesia
Authors: V Meghana K
Published: September 2024

Background &Aims:

Preoperativeanxiety in patientsis associated with psychological effects.The current study aimed to compare the effects of self selected(SS) musicand prefixed (PF) musicin reducing preoperative anxiety.

Methods:

In this study, 90 patients posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into three groups equally. Patients in group SS and group PF listened toSSand PFfor 20 minutes in preoperative roomrespectively. Music continued until reversal of anaesthesia. Vitals of patients, VASscore for pain and post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)score were noted at 1st and 2nd hour after surgery.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety score between SS and PF (p<0.05), between SS and Control(C)(p<0.05) and between PF and C (p<0.05). After music intervention of 20 minutes , heart rate, SBP at T2 was significantly reduced in SS and PF. At T5, thePONVscore was lower in SS and PF than C. There was significant difference in PONV score between SS and C (p<0.0001) and between PF and C (p<0.0003) There was significant difference inVASscore between SS and PF (p<0.05) , between SS and C (p<0.0001) and between PF and C (p<0.0001)

Conclusion:

SSmusic was more effectiveandenabled to maintain stable haemodynamic parameters throughout the surgery in reducing anxiety than PFmusic. PONV scores were comparable between SS and PFmusicgroups. SS music was more efficient in providing pain relief than PF music.
Abstract No.: ABS3215: Superior trunk block: An unorthodox alternative to interscalene block for proximal humerus surgeries in patients with significant pulmonary disease
Authors: L Darshan R
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Proximal shoulder surgery in patients with compromised pulmonary function stipulated the utilisation of superior trunk block, which spares phrenic nerve,as an alternative to interscalene block. This modificationallows patients to execute normal respiration perioperatively.This case series reports the efficacy of the block.

Methods:

Eight patients aged between 40 years to 80 years with significant restrictive, obstructive pulmonary disease and post-COVID 19 sequelae, posted for proximal humerus surgeries received the block. The block was performed under ultrasound guidance using 23 gauge Quincke spinal needle with 1:1 local anaesthetic mixture of 2% lignocaine+adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine with total volume injected being 15ml. The outcomes measured were loss of shoulder abduction, numbness of shoulder and pain relief, numbness of arm ,sonographic assessment of diaphragm movement, oxygen saturation perioperatively and closed-circuit measurement of the tidal volume generated.

Results:

Seven patients with superior trunk block achieved complete surgical anaesthesia of proximal shoulder. There was solitary use of dexmedetomidine for a patient with severe anxiety. Two patients required oxygen supplementation throughout the intraoperative period extending to post-operative period as well. Sonographic assessment intraoperatively and post-operatively disclosed adequate diaphragmatic excursion in all patients (table 1). Post-operative pain scores revealed satisfactory pain relief.

Conclusion:

Effective surgical anaesthesia and analgesia is delivered considerably with superior trunk block for surgeries of proximal humerus in patients with compromised pulmonary function by sparing phrenic nerve and is an appropriate substitute for interscalene block.

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Abstract No.: ABS3227: To study the efficacy of ultrasound guided quadratus lumborum block for post Operative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section: a randomised prospective controlled study
Authors: Shukla Pragya
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

Various previous studies have shown the role of quadratus lumborum block (QLB)in post operative pain management after lower abdominal surgeries; so we assessed its role in post operative analgesia (measured with NRS score) after LSCS and compared it with wound infiltration.

Methods:

Sixty-seven patients who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusII, with normal singleton pregnancies with a gestation of at least 37 weeks, and scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, were enroled into the study. They were randomly assigned to receive a QLB (n =30) with 0.25% levobupivacaine 15 ml on each side (total 30 ml) (Group 1) or a wound infiltration group (n =37) with same volume of drug.

Results:

USG QLB proved to be significantly more efficacious in the management of postoperative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section as compared to wound infiltration. It leads to less opioid consumption with no side effects related to opioid and having advantages of less rescue analgesia requirement along with early ambulation, and early lactation better satisfaction and better care of the new born.

Conclusion:

The study showed that ultrasound guided QLB proved to be significantly more efficacious in the management of postoperative analgesia after lower segment caesarean section as compared to wound infiltration. Overall pregnant females who were given QLB were more satisfied in terms of quality of pain relief, with early ambulation, and early lactation with better care of the new born.

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Abstract No.: ABS3480 : Dynamometer based hand grip strength as a clinical tool for objective assessment of post-operative residual muscle weakness
Authors: Pratyusha A Chaitanya
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Residual neuromuscular block is a known postoperative complication. Even after train of four (TOF) ratio of >0.9, there is a possibility of neuromuscular blockade causing respiratory dysfunction. Primary objective was assessment of postoperative residual muscle weakness with dynamometer. Secondary objective was time of recovery to baseline strength.

Methods:

This was a single centre, prospective, observational study. We enroled 50 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. The patients of Americal Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, aged 18-60 years and undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia were included. The patients with surgery including fracture, deformity involving dominant upper limb and pre-existing neuromuscular diseases were excluded from the study. Baseline handgrip strength with dynamometer and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were observed before induction of anaesthesia. Trachea was extubated with TOF ratio >0.9. Values monitored at 15 minutes after extubation,at regular intervals of 15 minutes until 1 hour, 30 minutes until 4 hours and hourly until 6 hours.

Results:

Muscle strength remained 50 to 60% of baseline at 15 minutes, 75% at 45 minutes and reached 100% of baseline at 210 minutes after endotracheal extubation. PEFR remained 50 - 60 % of baseline at 15minutes, 75% of baseline at 60 minutes and reached 100% of baseline at 180 minutes after endotracheal extubation (Table 1).

Conclusion:

A significant reduction in the postoperative muscle strength was detected using objective force dynamometer to measure handgrip strength even when TOF ratio had returned to 1 with no clinical signs of muscle weakness.

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Abstract No.: ABS3564: Comparison of bilateral ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block versus transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain relief in parturients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
Authors: Dhuliya Sandeepkumar
Published: September 2024

Background & Aims:

The postoperative pain after caesarean section is believed to be of mild to moderate intensity lasting for up to 72hours. This study aims to compare transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus ilioinguinal / iliohypogastric (II/IH) block for post-caesarean delivery analgesia.

Methods:

The study was conducted in 56 pregnant women aged between 18-35years scheduled for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomised to either TAPblock( Inj.bupivacaine plain 0.25%20cc bilateral) or II/IH block(Inj.bupivacaine plain 0.25%20cc bilateral) given for postoperative pain management at the end of surgery.Total tramadol consumption, time to first analgesic request were assessed during the first 48 hours postoperatively.

Results:

The cumulative median tramadol consumption over 48 h was 16.96+/-32.66mg for TAP group and 56.25+/-57.98mg for II/IH. The median tramadol consumption at 24h was also lower in the TAP group compared to II-IH. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding time to first analgesia request (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Both II-IH and TAP block had comparable analgesic efficacy during the first 24h. TAP block had longer analgesic effectiveness compared to II-IH with an effect lasting for 48h.

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Abstract No. : ABS3718: Comparison of ketamine-dexmedetomidine versus ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during short duration urological procedure: A randomised study
Authors: Prajapati Dineshbhai
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

The present study aimed to compare safety and efficacy of ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD) with ketamine- Propofol (KP) for sedation during short-duration urological procedure.

Methods:

The present study enroled and randomised 60 patients into either of the two groups. In Group KD (n=30) received inj dexmedetomidine 1.0 µ/ kg over 10 minutes intravenously followed by inj. ketamine 1 mg/kg as initial dose followed by 0.25mg/kg in titration. In Group KP (n=30) patients received inj propofol 1mg/kg with inj ketamine 1mg/kg as initial dose followed by the same combination top-up dose 0.25mg/kg in titration. Sedation score, Memorial delirium assessment Scale (MIDS), postoperative pain scores and recovery time were recorded. For Independent-samples, t-test was used and for proportion of significance, Chi-square test was used.

Results:

Post anaesthesia recovery scores (PARS) were 9.03±0.45 in Group KP and 9.06Â±0.36 in Group KD, p value= 0.79. No significant differences were observed in the level of sedation, PARS and postoperative pain in both the groups. In Group KD, patients were haemodynamically stable as compared to Group KP. There were no episode of apnea in Group KD as compared 6 episodes in Group KP, (p=0.005). No significant adverse event were reported in both the groups.

Conclusion:

No differences were observed in sedation score and recovery period in both the groups. Patients in Group KD experienced reduced respiratory depression as compared to Group K. Sedation with Ketamine-dexmedetomidine can be considered as a useful alternative to ketamine-propofol in short urological procedures.
Abstract No.: ABS3728: Effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus block in anterior cervical spine discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia
Authors: Hosagoudar Pradeep
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Superficial cervical plexus block can provide analgesia in head and neck surgeries. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of superficial cervical plexus block in patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy or fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia with respect to intraoperative and postoperative haemodynamic status and quality of analgesia.

Methods:

60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class-I,II patients scheduled for cervical discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomised into two groups. Group-A received ipsilateral superficial cervical plexus block using 10ml injectionbupivacaine(0.25%) post-induction of general anaesthesia. Group-B received no block but received supplemental intravenous analgesics for haemodynamic response to skin incision (if any). Intraoperatively, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, supplemental analgesics usage and postoperatively, visual analogue(VAS) scores to pain were monitored . Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia and supplemental analgesics were standardised.

Results:

Both groups had comparable , baseline heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, following skin incision, there was significant rise in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and requirement of supplemental analgesics in group-B when compared to group-a (p<0.05). Statistically insignificant changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline were noted within group-A (p<0.05). Patients in group-B had higher VAS scores postoperatively needing more supplemental intravenous analgesics compared to group-A (figure 1).

Conclusion:

Ipsilateral superficial cervical plexus block is a simple, safe and effective preemptive analgesic technique in patients undergoing cervical spine discectomy and fixation surgeries under general anaesthesia.

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VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS : AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Perween Farhat , Ranjan Abhishek
Published: September 2024

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, bilateral, interstitial self-limiting allergic inflammation of conjunctiva. It is more often seen in young males and may have periodic seasonal incidence. VKC is relatively common in warm, dry climate. It is a type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction, however there is evidence of type IV hypersensitivity reaction in some forms.

The most common symptoms are intense pruritis, tearing, burning sensation, photophobia and thick, ropy, mucoid discharge. Cobblestone papillae involving upper tarsal conjunctiva, Horner-Trantas Dots, conjunctival hyperaemia and superficial keratitis are most common signs. It damages the cornea and can result in visual loss. The diagnosis is generally based on the history, typical signs and symptoms of disease.

Therapeutics options in most cases are topical medications and should be chosen on the basis of severity of disease. Clinical management of VKC requires a grading system to judge the severity of inflammation and an algorithm to select appropriate medications. The stepladder approach is a novel way of management of these difficult cases in day-to-day practice. Immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay of treatment, but surgical intervention may be required to manage the disease and its complications. Immunomodulators (Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of VKC. Unfortunately, severe, protracted cases of VKC remain a challenge to treat.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING OCULAR PROTECTION DURING GARDENING AMONG URBAN HOMEMAKERS OF PATNA, INDIA
Authors: Nishant Prateek , Sinha Sony , Sinha Ranjeet Kumar
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe the knowledge, attitude and practices of home gardeners regarding eye protection during gardening

Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 50 female urban homemakers who maintain their domestic garden, selected through purposive convenience sampling. Semi-structured questions regarding knowledge of advantages, preference regarding type of protective wear and practices of wearing these equipment were asked and responses represented as percentages.

Results:

All 50 respondents completed the questionnaire and agreed that some form of eye protection was necessary during gardening (100%). The advantages of protective eyewear were enumerated as protection from dust (42%), trauma by leaves (36%), gardening tools (30%) and sunlight (22%). More respondents preferred to wear no eyewear (52%) compared to regular sun shades or prescription glasses (40%), on-ear protective goggles with side covers (4%), goggles with head bands (2%) and face shield (2%). Four respondents had already encountered some form of ocular trauma during gardening. Discomfort due to protective equipment (61.54%), poor access and cumbersome maintenance (53.85%) and difficulty in looking through the equipment (23.08%) were enlisted as reasons for no protective wear. All respondents agreed that awareness regarding eye trauma from gardening should be disseminated in apartment communities.

Conclusion:

While all respondents agreed that eye protection is necessary while gardening, about half of the respondents did not wear protective eyewear due to non-ergonomic designs of the equipment they had access to. There is need of increasing awareness among this population about availability of comfortable ergonomic transparent eye protection equipment suitable for use during gardening.
COMPARISON BETWEEN SILICONE OCULAR IMPLANT AND HYDROXYAPATITE OCULAR IMPLANT FOLLOwING EVISCERATION - MRI STUDY.
Authors: Nisha Lucy , Elango Haarish , Sahnawaz Asif , Jha Alka
Published: September 2024

Aim :

To compare long term outcomes of silicone and hydroxyapatite ocular implant following evisceration using MRI

Design:

Prospective observational study.

Participants:

Total twelve patients with the indication of evisceration were admitted from DMCH OPD, Darbhanga, Bihar, between June 2019 to July 2021.

Methods:

All patients admitted for evisceration were divided in two groups with 6 patients each. Group A patients received silicone ocular implant and group B patients received hydroxyapatite ocular implant following evisceration. Under peribulbar block evisceration was performed with scleral modification including anterior relaxing incision and posterior radial relaxing sclerotomy incisions between the rectus muscles to accommodate a large sphere without tension on the wound. MRI orbit was done after six months.

Main outcome measures:

It is measured in terms of implant migration, extrusion, socket infection, conjunctival dehiscence and implant exposure, ocular mobility.

Result:

All patients underwent successful surgery with complications of implant extrusion and socket infection being encountered with silicone implant in one patient out of six while no such complication was seen with hydroxyapatite implant. Ocular motility was maximum with hydroxyapatite compared to silicone implant. MRI study showed higher rate of conjunctival dehiscence for socket with hydroxyapatite implant (4/6) compared to socket with silicone implant1/6.

Conclusion:

Hydroxyapatite ocular implant tends to have more ocular adhesion property then silicone ocular implant so less chance of extrusion which is also supported by MRI study. Hydroxyapatite orbital implant had good success rate without major complication in comparison to silicone ocular implant.
HYDROGEL INSERT MISMATCH - A RARE CAUSE OF FAILED FEMTOSECOND LASER Assisted CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: Shekhar Madhu , Prasad Senthil , Sankarananthan  , Pai Aruna
Published: September 2024

Background:

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) offers high level of precision and automates the three major steps of cataract surgery - corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation. An ideal dock is required for optimal outcomes in FLACS. However dock failure can occur due to various factors. Here, we report a case of failed FLACS due to mismatch of hydrogel insert.

Case description:

FLACS with toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was planned in right eye for a 57 year old male who was diagnosed with immature cataract in that eye. Due to mismatch between the corneal curvature and the hydrogel insert, multiple attempts were required to achieve dock which resulted in folds on the hydrogel insert, causing incomplete anterior capsulotomy and nuclear fragmentation. During surgery, capsulorhexis and nuclear fragmentation was completed manually. Rest of the surgery was uneventful.

Conclusion:

The choice of hydrogel insert should depend on the corneal curvature. Appropriate usage of hydrogel insert based on the keratometry readings will result in enhanced outcomes.
CROUZON SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT WITH OCULAR FINDINGS
Authors: Kumari Sweta , Narain Anunay , Shahnawaz Asif , Jha Alka
Published: September 2024

Crouzon's Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutation of the gene for Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2) was described as one of the varieties of craniosynostosis. Normally, the sutures in the human skull fuse after the complete growth of the brain. But, if any of these sutures closes early then it may interfere with the growth of the brain. Premature suture fusion most commonly involves sagittal suture followed by coronal suture. Premature closure of the suture causes restricted skull growth and lack of space for the growing brain resultes to shallowed eyes and cranial and ophthalmic deformities and impairment in tooth development. We report a case of 12 year old male child who presented with characteristic features of Crouzon's Syndrome.
A CASE REPORT ON HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS KERATITIS
Authors: Shanya  , Mamta  , Sharma Nageshwar
Published: September 2024

Herpetic eye disease is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in developed countries. 60% corneal ulcer in developing countries can be a result of herpes simplex virus.
CORNEAL PERFORATION AND IT'S MANAGEMENT
Authors: Bharti Priyanka , Ranjan Abhishek
Published: September 2024

Corneal perforation causes ocular morbidity and profound visual loss.. Corneal perforation may be associated with the prolapse of ocular tissue and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although infectious keratitis is an important cause, corneal xerosis and collagen vascular diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis especially in cases that do not respond to conventional medical therapy. Although medical therapy is an useful adjunct, a surgical approach is required for most of the corneal perforations. Depending on the size and location of the corneal perforation, treatment options include gluing, amniotic membrane transplantation and corneal transplantation.
Is Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement Still Impeding the Use of Resin-based Restoration? A Systematic Review
Authors: Pullishery Fawaz , Alhejoury Hajer Ayed , Turkistani Mohammed , Souror Yasser Refay
Published: September 2024

Background:

The use of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), along with resin restoration or cementation, is often a debatable topic in dentistry. This systematic review is aimed to explore the effect of ZOE on various properties of resin-based dental materials.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic research was carried out using the relevant keywords in different search engines such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Ebscohost, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE SciFinder based on PRISMA guidelines. Only articles in the English language were included along with other specific inclusion criteria.

Results:

The entire articles were assessed for the eligibility and final review included 30 studies that were then classified according to the type of test conducted on the resin-based material.

Conclusion:

There is no consensus on the deleterious effect of ZOE on resin-based dental material. However, all the tests conducted were in vitro and most of them showed a significant reduction in the quality of resin restorative and cement materials when used with ZOE.
Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Three Beverages on Color Stability of Two Brands of Acrylic Denture Teeth
Authors: Kammath Sreelakshmy K. S. , Bhaskaran Sapna , Saratchandran Sudeep , Cherian Sangeeth K. , Babu Sreeja C. , Joy Anu Mary
Published: September 2024

Context:

During clinical use, artificial teeth are exposed to saliva, beverages, and cleaning agents and such materials are prone to the absorption and adsorption processes. Certain foods can promote discoloration, surface degradation, and changes in other properties of artificial teeth.

Aims:

This study evaluated the effect of three different beverages (Dasamoolarishtam an Ayurvedic medicine, tea, grape juice, and distilled water) on color stability of two brands of acrylic resin denture teeth when exposed for four immersion times.

Settings and Design:

This is an in vitro experimental study.

Subjects and Methods:

Maxillary right central incisors of two brands of A1 shade were used. The specimens were placed in the center of the measuring head of a spectrophotometer with the aid of a silicone putty jig. Measurements were taken as follows, first (T0), after 1 day (T1), 7 days (T2), 15 days (T3), and 30 days (T4) of immersion in the solutions.

Statistics:

Comparison of color change among different beverages in each brand at different time interval was carried out using one-way ANOVA test (F test) with Scheffe Multiple Comparisons (post hoc test).

Results:

The results show that among the three beverages tested, Dasamoolarishtam produced maximum color changes.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that maximum color change was seen on exposure to Dasamoolarishtam and in Rolex teeth set.
Age and Reasons for First Dental Visit in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Samuel Shini Susan , Rebekah Grace
Published: September 2024

Background:

Early visit to the dentist with an aim of prevention has been advocated universally, but the timing for seeking dental treatment differs among different countries.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the timing and reasons for the first dental visit among children attending the dental clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Methods:

This hospital-based study reviewed the dental records of children who had visited the dental clinic from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. All those between 0 and 10 years of age and visiting a dentist for the first time were included in the study. The continuous variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The categorical variables were calculated using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and two-proportion test.

Results:

We reviewed the dental records of 1005 children (60% boys and 40% girls). The most frequent age for the first dental visit was between 5 and 6 years. The most common reasons for visits to the dental clinic were pain (23.8%) and dental caries (16.6%). Only 3.8% of children had their first dental visit by 1 year of age and primarily for therapeutic purposes. Dental caries and traumatic injuries were more frequent in children below the age of 3 years.

Conclusion:

The present study found pain as the most frequent reason for the visit, but there was a delay in first dental visits among children. This study suggests effective oral health policies for children and a need to change the perception and practices among the dental professionals in the region. Timing of the first dental visit of a child can help us to determine the quality of dental care a child receives. Delayed dental visit among children in this study indicates the ineffective oral health policies and the gap that exists between the pediatric health-care providers in India.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Health-Care Professionals Related to COVID-19
Authors: Basheer Syed Nahid , Peeran Syed Wali , Peeran Syed Ali , Zameer Mohammed , Naviwala Gulam Anwar , Elhassan Ahmed Taher
Published: September 2024

Background:

COVID-19 was declared as the global pandemic on March 11, 2020 because of the rapid increase in the cases. The high mortality rate and the spread have become the biggest concern of the hour.

Objective:

To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health-care professionals residing in various countries regarding COVID-19.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and a questionnaire was administered among the participants through E-mail. The statistical significance was calculated for the collected data.

Results:

A total of 457 participants participated in the survey. Male (45.3%) and female (54.7%) participated with good knowledge (86%) regarding the COVID-19 transmission, while 59% participants reported of using N95 masks and 60% of the participants had attended Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines workshop.

Conclusion:

Findings of the present study showed a wide range of variations in both awareness and attitude of the participants. The knowledge was found to be appropriate while some of the practice-related factors need to be changed. There is a need of regular training, webinars and various educational programs to update the knowledge and the CDC guidelines to be followed.
Assessment of the Knowledge Regarding the Management of Avulsed Teeth before and after Oral Health Education in High School Children (14–16 Years) in Central India
Authors: Kokane Vandana , Kokane Noopur , Burad Pratik , Datar Saivi , Saoji Rucha , Pathak Sakshi
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tooth avulsion is one of the common dental problems seen in children. Informing that avulsed tooth can be reimplanted and method to store the tooth, the importance of immediate replantation without time loss, etc., can save many avulsed teeth, preventing psychological trauma and cost of prosthetic rehabilitation. The study aims to assess knowledge and create awareness regarding the management of avulsed teeth among school-going children (14–16 years).

Methodology:

The study was conducted among 1231 schoolchildren of age group 14–16 years of different urban schools of Nagpur to assess the knowledge regarding the management of avulsed teeth before and after an informative lecture. The mean knowledge score pre- and postpresentation was statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0.

Results:

Students lacked knowledge about the management of avulsed teeth. However, their mean knowledge score increased to 3.15 from 1.98 after oral health presentations focusing on the management of avulsed teeth.

Conclusion:

Knowledge regarding avulsed tooth and its management among schoolchildren is barely adequate and requires the right method of education via seminars and dental health programmers.
Learning Statistics
Authors: Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Khobragade Sujata , Lwin Htay , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Than Nan Nitra , Phyu Khine Lynn , Abas Adinegara Lutfi
Published: September 2024

Context:

In medical education, statistics is part of the core training to enable the students to plan, design, analyze, and interpret the experimental data. It is believed that attitudes toward statistics play an important role in learning statistics.

Aims:

We conducted this study to assess the attitudes toward statistics among undergraduate medical and dentistry students.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was done among 3rd-year medical students and 4th-year dentistry students in a private medical college in Malaysia.

Subjects and Methods:

We employed purposive sampling and invited the 3rd-year medical students and the 4th-year dentistry students before the commencement of the biostatistics course. A total of 206 students participated in this study. We utilized SATS-36 scale which consisted of 36 items that were divided into six subscales such as affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest, and effort.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and Spearman's rho correlation.

Results:

The students had positive attitudes toward statistics in most of the domains of SATS-36 except difficulty. There were no significant differences of attitudes toward statistics between male and female students. However, male students had a significantly higher mean score in the interest domain (mean difference 0.40 [95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.74]).

Conclusions:

The undergraduate medical and dentistry students had positive attitudes toward statistics, but the students found that statistics is a difficult subject. Hence, the instructors need to understand the student's attitudes and create effective learning strategies which not only provide knowledge and skills but also change student's attitudes toward the desired direction.