bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Enabled Trajectory and Bandwidth Allocation Optimization for UAV-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Covert Communication
Authors: Li Donghao , Du Binfang , Bai Zhiquan
Published: February 2025

The growing interest in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has accelerated the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and drones for secure data transmission. In this study, the optimization of UAV trajectory and bandwidth allocation within the ISAC framework is investigated, with a focus on covert communication under energy constraints. We propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, Soft Actor-Critic for Covert Communication and Charging (SAC-CC), to address this problem. The SAC-CC algorithm maximizes the CCTR by dynamically allocating bandwidth for sensing and communication tasks while adjusting the UAV’s trajectory to manage energy consumption. This approach ensures accurate tracking of the adversarial UAV to maintain effective covert communication. Experimental results show that SAC-CC significantly outperforms existing DRL algorithms in CCTR and improves UAV endurance. Also, its robustness under different adversarial trajectories, covert communication requirements, and charging conditions is validated. Furthermore, the UAV’s flight altitude, along with the number and distribution pattern of adversarial UAVs, directly affect covert communication performance. Finally, the study emphasizes the trade-offs among bandwidth allocation, sensing accuracy, and the balance between power spectral density and UAV energy capacity, providing key insights for the practical configuration of bandwidth and energy parameters in UAV-assisted ISAC systems.
Comparative Analysis of VAR and SVAR Models in Assessing Oil Price Shocks and Exchange Rate Transmission to Consumer Prices in South Africa
Authors: Majenge Luyanda , Mpungose Sakhile , Msomi Simiso
Published: February 2025

This study compared standard VAR, SVAR with short-run restrictions, and SVAR with long-run restrictions to investigate the effects of oil price shocks and the foreign exchange rate (ZAR/USD) on consumer prices in South Africa after the 2008 financial crisis. The standard VAR model revealed that consumer prices responded positively to oil price shocks in the short term, whereas the foreign exchange rate (ZAR/USD) revealed a fluctuating currency over time. That is, the South African rand (ZAR) initially appreciated against the US dollar (USD) in response to oil price shocks (periods 1:7), followed by a depreciation in periods 8:12. Imposing short-run restrictions on the SVAR model revealed that the foreign exchange rate (ZAR/USD) reacted to oil price shocks in a manner similar to the VAR model, with ZAR appreciating during the initial periods (1:7) and subsequently depreciating in the later periods (8:12). Consumer prices responded positively to oil price shocks, causing consumer prices to increase in the short run, which is consistent with the VAR findings. However, imposing long-run restrictions on our SVAR model yielded results that contrasted with those obtained under short-run restrictions and the standard VAR model. That is, oil price shocks had long-lasting effects on the foreign exchange rate, resulting in the depreciation of ZAR relative to USD over time. Additionally, oil price shocks reduced consumer prices, resulting in a deflationary effect in the long run. This study concluded that South Africa’s position as a net oil importer with a floating exchange rate renders the country vulnerable to short-term external shocks. Nonetheless, in the long term, the results indicated that the economy tends to adapt to oil price shocks over time.
The Impact of a Peer Support Program on the Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Postgraduate Health Students During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Parmar Jinal Shashin , Thapa Poshan , Micheal Sowbhagya , Dune Tinashe , Lim David , Alford Stewart , Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Arora Amit
Published: February 2025

Peer support is a widely adopted strategy in higher education, facilitating student engagement in socially safe groups to enhance knowledge and social skills. While its benefits are recognized during in-person education, evidence supporting these benefits in an online format of study, especially among postgraduate health students, remains scarce. This study explored the impact of a peersupport program on the social and emotional well-being of postgraduate health students who were studying online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Peer support groups were implemented for a mixed group of local and international students enrolled in a postgraduate health subject delivered online in 2021 at Western Sydney University, Australia. Data were collected using four focus group discussions conducted via Zoom, transcribed verbatim, translated (as required), and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis. Three major themes were identified: (i) emotional well-being and social support; (ii) social interactions and forming friendships; and (iii) facilitators and barriers to engagement. This study highlights the positive impact of the peer support program in enhancing social and emotional well-being among post-graduate health students, with most being international students. Despite the challenges posed by online learning during COVID-19, students experienced significant social, emotional, and cultural benefits from participating in the peer support program.
Implicit Identity Authentication Method Based on User Posture Perception
Authors: Hu Bo , Tang Shigang , Huang Fangzheng , Yin Guangqiang , Cai Jingye
Published: February 2025

Smart terminals use passwords and physiological characteristics such as fingerprints to authenticate users. Traditional authentication methods work when users unlock their phones, but they cannot continuously verify the user’s legal identity. Therefore, the one-time authentication implemented by conventional authentication methods cannot meet security requirements. Implicit authentication technology based on user behavior characteristics is proposed to achieve the continuous and uninterrupted authentication of savvy terminal users. This paper proposes an implicit authentication method that fuses keystroke and sensor data. To improve the accuracy of authentication, a neural network-based feature extraction model that integrates keystroke data and motion sensor data is designed. A feature space with dual-channel fusion is constructed, and a dataset collected in real scenarios is built by considering the changes in user activity scenarios and the differences in terminal holding postures. Experimental results on the collected data show that the proposed method has improved the accuracy of user authentication to a certain extent.
A Compact Model with Self-Heating Effect Applying to the SCR Device for ESD Protection
Authors: Wang Hongkun , Liang Hailian , Liu Junliang
Published: February 2025

This work develops a novel compact Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) model incorporating self-heating effects, extending the conventional Ebers–Moll (E–M) framework for Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) by comprehensively integrating parasitic effects. The temperature dependence of critical device parameters, including junction capacitances, emitter resistances, and saturation currents, is systematically characterized to accurately predict the device’s electrical behavior under Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) stress. Furthermore, a self-heating modeling approach is introduced based on the SCR layout characteristics. The impact of self-heating on SCR transient response was verified by comparing simulation results with measurements from SCR devices fabricated in a 0.18 µm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process. Comparative analysis demonstrates superior accuracy over existing models. The proposed SCR model includes a complete definition of parameters and electrical relationships, ensuring compatibility with various Electronic Design Automation (EDA) platforms.
Empowering Recovery: The T-Rehab System’s Semi-Immersive Approach to Emotional and Physical Well-Being in Tele-Rehabilitation
Authors: Hadjar Hayette , Vu Binh , Hemmje Matthias
Published: February 2025

The T-Rehab System delivers a semi-immersive tele-rehabilitation experience by integrating Affective Computing (AC) through facial expression analysis and contactless heartbeat monitoring. T-Rehab closely monitors patients’ mental health as they engage in a personalized, semi-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) game on a desktop PC, using a webcam with MediaPipe to track their hand movements for interactive exercises, allowing the system to tailor treatment content for increased engagement and comfort. T-Rehab’s evaluation comprises two assessments: system performance and cognitive walkthroughs. The first evaluation focuses on system performance, assessing the tested game, middleware, and facial emotion monitoring to ensure hardware compatibility and effective support for AC, gaming, and tele-rehabilitation. The second evaluation uses cognitive walkthroughs to examine usability, identifying potential issues in emotion detection and tele-rehabilitation. Together, these evaluations provide insights into T-Rehab’s functionality, usability, and impact in supporting both physical rehabilitation and emotional well-being. The thorough integration of technology inside T-Rehab ensures a holistic approach to tele-rehabilitation, allowing patients to participate comfortably and efficiently from anywhere. This technique not only improves physical therapy outcomes but also promotes mental resilience, marking an important step advance in tele-rehabilitation practices.
Person-Centered Care: Learning from the Evolution of Mental Health Care
Authors: Lefurgey Sarah , Detillieux Sonia , Shaheen Andrea , Daigle Patrick , Nolan Dougal , Rudnick Abraham
Published: February 2025

A health care approach that involves service users in decisions concerning their own health. It considers service users’ beliefs, values, support system, and experiences in co-creating an action plan to address their distinct health care goal [this is de novo based on diverse publications about person-centered care].
Effects of Cold Post-Fermentation Process on Microbial Diversity and Biogenic Amines in Protease-Assisted Fermented sufu
Authors: Guo Xiaogang , Chen Kaiyi , Chen Li , Le Thanh Ninh , Zhao Minjie , Cai Haiying
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of enzyme-assisted low-temperature cold fermentation on sufu’s microbial diversity, biogenic amine (BA) formation, and physicochemical properties. The results showed that the enzyme-assisted fermentations for both room- and low-temperature groups (RTEF30 and LTEF20, respectively) significantly increased total acid (TA), amino nitrogen (NH3-N), and enzyme activity compared to the non-enzyme fermentation at room-temperature post-fermentation (RTNF30). This indicated that enzyme-assisted fermentation effectively overcame challenges associated with low-temperature fermentation of sufu. BA analysis revealed that the LTEF20 group had the highest total BA (3.7 mg/g) and putrescine (1.8 mg/g) levels compared to other groups. Microbial analysis showed that the LTEF20 group exhibited higher microbial diversity compared to the RTEF30 group. They had the highest levels of Enterobacteriaceae (0.4131) and lactic acid bacteria in the early and late phases (0.5556) among the groups. Correlation analysis revealed significant links between sufu’s physicochemical properties and microbial communities. Notably, putrescine positively correlated with Bifidobacterium, while TA negatively correlated with Enterococcus. These findings suggest that microbial activity alterations, caused by low-temperature cold fermentation, influences sufu’s fermentation process and quality, guiding further studies on the regulation of biogenic amine formation.
Kombucha Bacterial Cellulose: A Promising Biopolymer for Advanced Food and Nonfood Applications
Authors: Gagliardi Talita Ribeiro , de Farias Nascimento Adriana , Valencia Germán Ayala
Published: February 2025

The pellicle is a coproduct of kombucha beverage production without economic value. This material is based on cellulose produced from bacteria and has better physical properties than cellulose isolated from plants. This review systematically analyzed the research literature about pellicle (KBC—kombucha bacteria cellulose) valorization. In general, KBC has been used in food applications, especially as a packaging ingredient to improve the physical properties of biopolymer-based films, as well as to manufacture packaging materials based on KBC. In addition, some studies have investigated the potential of KBC to encapsulate food ingredients or as a food additive. Furthermore, KBC has been used in nonfood applications with a special interest in the development of materials for textile and medical applications and as a substitute for disposable materials (e.g., spoons). Although the literature shows promising results, it is necessary to increase the production scale of this material, as well as to analyze its economic viability. It is also necessary to establish quality standards and international regulations for KBC with respect to its different food and nonfood applications.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detection of Off-Flavor Compounds in Tench (Tinca tinca) After Depuration in Clean Water
Authors: Martín-Vertedor Daniel , Ramírez-López Juan Carlos , Aleman Ricardo S. , Martín-Tornero Elisabet , Montero-Fernández Ismael
Published: February 2025

Tench (Tinca tinca) is a warm-temperate, freshwater benthic fish with often unpleasant odors and flavors which result from its natural habitat. These characteristics may deter consumers; therefore, their removal would enhance the fish’s palatability and market appeal. Thus, tench were grown in an aquaculture center and subjected to a clean water depuration system in which six sampling points were carried out at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. An analysis was conducted using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), revealing acid derivatives as the predominant families of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main off-flavor VOCs were 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene, dimethyl-8-hydronaphtalen, 1-octen-3-ol, diethyl phthalate, 2-methylisoborneol, and a-isomethylionone. Maximum concentrations were observed at 0 h, exceeding 300 μg/g for diethyl phthalate and being less than 55 μg/g for the remaining VOCs. The content progressively decreased from that point on. The spectra obtained by NIRS highlighted differences between the cleaning depuration treatments, exhibiting discrimination among the samples studied (PC1 = 77.8%; PC2 = 11.3%). Finally, dimethyl-8-hydronaphtalen and 2-methylisoborneol were linearly correlated with NIRS data, with RCV2  values of 0.94 and 0.96, respectively, and RMSECV values of 1.00 and 3.62 μg/g, respectively. Therefore, a clean water depuration system is appropriate to obtain fish with fewer off-flavor characteristics. Moreover, NIRS represents an accurate, inexpensive, and non-destructive technique to determine the optimal time for the water depuration of fish.
Changes in Vertical Jump Parameters After Training Unit in Relation to ACE, ACTN3, PPARA, HIF1A, and AMPD1 Gene Polymorphisms in Volleyball and Basketball Players
Authors: Vavak Miroslav , Cihova Iveta , Reichwalderova Katarina , Vegh David , Dolezajova Ladislava , Slaninova Miroslava
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives: The study aims to investigate potential differences in vertical jump performance between elite basketball and volleyball players before and after a standard training session, in comparison to a control group from the general population. The analysis focuses on the influence of selected gene polymorphisms that may contribute to variations in the assessed performance parameters. Aims: The aim was to investigate the influence of ACE (rs4646994), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARA rs4253778, HIF1A (rs11549465), and AMPD1 (rs17602729) genes polymorphisms on the combined effects of post-activation potentiation (PAP), post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE), and general adaptation syndrome (GAS), as reflected in vertical jump performance, in elite basketball and volleyball players compared to a control group from the general population. Methods: The effects of PAP at the beginning of the training load (acute exercise), and the combined influences of PAPE and GAS following the training load were evaluated using parameters measured by the OptoJump Next® system (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Results: A statistically significant (h, p < 0.05) negative effect of the CT genotype of the AMPD1 gene on jump height was observed in the group of athletes. The CT genotype of the AMPD1 gene negatively impacted on PAPE and GAS adaptive responses (ΔP, Δh, p < 0.001) also in the control group. A positive effect on the power during the active phase of the vertical jump was identified for the II genotype of the ACE gene and the Pro/Ser genotype of the HIF1A gene, both exclusively in the control group (ΔP, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that different gene polymorphisms exert variable influences on the combined effects of PAPE and GAS, as reflected in vertical jump parameters, depending on the participants’ level of training adaptation.
Mural Painting Discovered in the Crypt of the Cathedral of Parma (Italy): Multi-Technique Investigations for the Conservative Restoration Project
Authors: Potenza Marianna , Bergamonti Laura , Graiff Claudia , Bersani Danilo , Fornasini Laura , Simeti Silvia , Casoli Antonella
Published: February 2025

In October 2021, a mural painting was discovered in the crypt of Parma Cathedral (Italy). It was covered by a wall, erasing it form historical memory. The painting, presumably from the 15th–16th century, depicts the Madonna and Child enthroned in the center, between Saints Peter and John. Before the restoration project, investigations were conducted with different techniques to identify the pigments and binders used, the nature of the surface finish and the efflorescence. Micro-Raman spectroscopy detected numerous pigments compatible with the presumed age. An interesting result concerns the presence of crocoite (lead chromate), an unusual and rare pigment for this period. These pigments were confirmed through investigation by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–IR) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used to identify the binder and the type of wax used in the finish layer. The rather widespread presence of egg, used to spread the paint, allows us to affirm that this mural painting was created as a fresco, with substantial parts a secco.
Physical Activity Patterns and Lifestyle Habits Among Primary Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mashita Audrey Lehlohonolo , Mphasha Mabitsela Hezekiel , Skaal Linda
Published: February 2025

Background: Primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) serve as critical contributors to public health, yet their physical activity (PA) patterns and lifestyle habits often reflect the very challenges they address in their patients. The aim of this study is to determine the PA patterns and lifestyle habits among PHCWs in the Lepelle-Nkumpi sub-district of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methodology: A quantitative, cross-sectional design with stratified random sampling (n = 174) was used. A validated, closed-ended questionnaire assessed demographic data and occupational and leisure-time physical activity. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28, with descriptive statistics summarising characteristics. Chi-square tests identified significant associations (p < 0.05) between lifestyle scores (poor, good, excellent) and demographic factors. Results: The majority of the participants (53%) reported engaging in shorter walking durations during work, with only 7.5% of the participating engaging in moderate physical activity and 39.7% achieving 30 min or more of activity. Additionally, 59.8% do not use walking or cycling for transportation, while only 27% do so for at least 30 min daily. During leisure time, 33.9% of the participants engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities, with 37.9% spending 30 min or more on such activities daily. Nearly two-thirds of the participants (65.5%) had poor lifestyle scores (0–50%), while 23.6% achieved excellent scores (81–100%). Significant associations were found between gender and lifestyle scores (p = 0.022). Conclusion: This study reveals critical gaps in the physical activity levels of PHCWs, with low engagement in moderate activity during work and limited active commuting. This study underscores the need for workplace wellness interventions, such as walking meetings and fitness facilities, to boost physical activity among healthcare workers, enhancing their health, resilience, and the quality of care they provide.
Association Between Renal Dysfunction and Lipid Ratios in Rural Black South Africans
Authors: Ntimana Cairo B. , Mashaba Reneilwe G. , Seakamela Kagiso P. , Mphekgwana Peter M. , Nemuramba Rathani , Mothapo Katlego , Tlouyamma Joseph , Choma Solomon S. R. , Maimela Eric
Published: February 2025

In the past, it has been reported that the black South African population may have a cardio-protective lipid profile; however, this may no longer be the case with urbanization, industrialization, and the nutritional transition that occurred in South Africa. Although these transitions may be low in rural areas, one would expect this influence to be lower in the rural populations; however, they are not immune to these changes. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the association of serum lipid profiles and lipid ratios with kidney dysfunction. This cross-sectional retrospective study used the AWI-Gen 1 dataset. This study consisted of 1399 participants who took part in the AWI-Gen phase 1. Participants aged below 40 years, pregnant women, mentally disturbed and participants with incomplete information to answer the aims and objectives of this study were excluded in the analysis of this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS. In the present study, the prevalence of kidney dysfunction was 11.7%, with women having a significantly higher prevalence as compared to men. Women with kidney dysfunction had significantly higher TC, TG, TG/HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C compared to those without kidney dysfunction. However, in men, there was no association between the two groups. TC, and LDL/HDL-C were associated with kidney dysfunction in women only. TG/HDL-C was associated with kidney dysfunction in both women and men. Elevated TC, LDL/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were the risk factors for kidney dysfunction, particularly in women. This suggests that TC, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C levels may be useful for risk stratification and a potential target to reduce the risk of developing kidney dysfunction, particularly in women. Upcoming longitudinal studies examining the causal connection between serum lipids, and lipid ratios with the risk of kidney dysfunction are necessary to fully understand the potential relationship between TG/HDL-C, TC, and TC/HDL-C levels and kidney dysfunction.
Retina-Targeted 17β-Estradiol by the DHED Prodrug Rescues Visual Function and Actuates Neuroprotective Protein Networks After Optic Nerve Crush in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause
Authors: Prokai-Tatrai Katalin , Zaman Khadiza , Kapic Ammar , Hogan Kelleigh , Sanchez-Rodriguez Gabriela , Silverio Anna E. , Nguyen Vien , Prokai Laszlo , Feola Andrew J.
Published: February 2025

The association between 17β-estradiol (E2) deprivation, seen in menopause, and a risk for developing glaucoma has been shown. Thus, exogenous supplementation of E2 may protect against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degradation and vision loss. Here, we investigated the utility of topical 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), a prodrug of E2 that selectively produces the neuroprotective hormone in the retina, on visual function after optic nerve crush (ONC) and ovariectomy (OVX). We used female Brown Norway rats that underwent either Sham or OVX surgeries. After ONC, OVX animals received DHED or vehicle eye drops for 12 weeks. Visual function, via the optomotor reflex, and retinal thickness, via optical coherence tomography, were followed longitudinally. Afterward, we performed mass spectrometry-based label-free retina proteomics to survey retinal protein interaction networks in our selected animal model and to identify E2-responsive proteins after OVX on neurodegeneration. We found that ONC with OVX caused a significant decline in visual functions that were ameliorated by DHED treatments. Discovery-driven retina proteomics identified numerous proteins associated with neurodegenerative processes due to ONC that were remediated by DHED eye drops. Altogether, our three-pronged phenotypic preclinical evaluation of the topical DHED in the OVX + ONC model of glaucoma reveals the therapeutic potential of the prodrug to prevent visual deficits after glaucomatous retinal injury.
High-Fat Diets Disturb Rat Epididymal Sperm Maturation
Authors: Ruiz-Valderrama Lorena , Mendoza-Sánchez José Edwin , Rodríguez-Tobón Ernesto , Arrieta-Cruz Isabel , González-Márquez Humberto , Salame-Méndez Pablo Arturo , Tarragó-Castellanos Rosario , Cortés-Barberena Edith , Rodríguez-Tobón Ahiezer , Arenas-Ríos Edith
Published: February 2025

Infertility is increasingly recognized as being closely linked to obesity in humans. The successful production of fertile spermatozoa requires adequate spermatogenesis within the testis and proper spermatozoa maturation through the epididymis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of body adiposity on male fertility, focusing on sperm parameters, epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm capacitation in Wistar rats. Male rats were randomized into three dietary groups over four weeks: a control group receiving less than 4% lard, regular chow, a 10% lard group, and a 60% lard group. Following dietary interventions, fertility tests were conducted across the groups. The epididymis was dissected into caput, corpus, and cauda regions to assess sperm concentration, vitality capacitation, carbohydrate distribution, tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphatidylserine levels. Additionally, serum testosterone levels were measured to evaluate hormonal influences on fertility. The rats subjected to high-fat diets leading to overweight and obesity exhibited significant alterations in fertility. These changes were characterized by impaired epididymal sperm maturation, as evidenced by lower testosterone levels, decreased sperm viability, and capacitation. Furthermore, increased adiposity was associated with a lack of asymmetry in the plasma membrane, alteration in carbohydrate distribution, and changes in tyrosine phosphorylation. This study underscores the adverse effects of high-fat diets on male fertility, particularly through mechanisms affecting sperm maturation in the epididymis. The evidence suggests that obesity-induced alterations in sperm parameters and hormonal profiles may contribute to reduced fertility in male rats, which could have implications for understanding similar human processes.
Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Independent of Circulating Adipokine and Cytokine
Authors: Bakillah Ahmed , Al Subaiee Maram , Soliman Ayman Farouk , Obeid Khamis Khamees , Bashir Shahinaz Faisal , Al Hussaini Arwa , Al Arab Mohammad , Al Otaibi Abeer , Mubarak Sindiyan Al Shaikh , Al Qarni Ali Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) play essential roles in the development and progression of vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both are independently linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the relationship between ANP and ox-LDL in patients with T2DM remains unclear as previous studies have primarily focused on circulating levels in various diseases. This study investigated the relationship between ANP and ox-LDL levels in obese individuals with T2DM. The cohort included 57 patients with T2DM (mean age 61.14 ± 9.99 years; HbA1c 8.66 ± 1.60%; BMI 35.15 ± 6.65 kg/m2). Notably, 95% of the patients had hypertension, 82% had dyslipidemia, 59% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 14% had coronary artery disease (CAD), and 5% had a history of stroke. Plasma concentrations of ANP and ox-LDL were measured using ELISA. Adipokines and cytokines levels were measured using the multiplex® MAP Human Adipokine Magnetic Beads Spearman’s correlation analysis which revealed a negative correlation between ANP and ox-LDL (r = −0.446, p = 0.001) as well as with the ox-LDL/apoB ratio (r = −0.423, p = 0.001) and ox-LDL/LDLc ratio (r = −0.307, p = 0.038). Multivariable regression analysis indicated that ANP was independently associated with ox-LDL (β = −115.736, p = 0.005). Stepwise linear regression further identified TNFα, leptin, and adiponectin as the strongest predictors influencing the relationship between ANP and ox-LDL levels (β = −64.664, p = 0.0311, and r2 = 0.546 for the model). However, these factors did not significantly mediate this association. This study emphasizes the need for further exploration of the complex interaction between ANP and ox-LDL in larger patient populations. This could provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches for managing vascular complications in obese individuals with T2DM.
Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Decreasing CPT1A Expression in a Folic Acid-Based Model of Kidney Disease
Authors: de la Serna-Soto Mariano , Calleros Laura , Martos-Elvira María , Moreno-Piedra Ariadna , García-Villoria Sergio , Griera Mercedes , Alcalde-Estévez Elena , Asenjo-Bueno Ana , Rodríguez-Puyol Diego , de Frutos Sergio , Ruiz-Torres María Piedad
Published: February 2025

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a key scaffolding protein between extracellular matrix protein and the cytoskeleton and has been implicated previously in the pathogenesis of renal damage. However, its involvement in renal mitochondrial dysfunction remains to be elucidated. We studied the role of ILK and its downstream regulations in renal damage and mitochondria function both in vivo and vitro, using a folic acid (FA)-induced kidney disease model. Wild type (WT) and ILK conditional-knockdown (cKD-ILK) mice were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of FA and studied after 15 days of chronic renal damage progression. Human Kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were transfected with specific siRNAs targeting ILK, glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3β), or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ). The expressions and activities of renal ILK, GSK3β, C/EBPβ, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. Additionally, the expression of markers for fibrosis fibronectin (FN) and collagen 1 (COL1A1), for autophagy p62 and cytosolic light chain 3 (LC3B) isoforms II and I, and mitochondrial homeostasis marker carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) were evaluated using immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, or colorimetric assays. FA upregulated ILK expression, leading to the decrease of GSK3β activity, increased tubular fibrosis, and produced mitochondrial dysfunction, both in vivo and vitro. These alterations were fully or partially reversed upon ILK depletion, mitigating FA-induced renal damage. The signaling axis composed by ILK, GSK3β, and C/EBPβ regulated CPT1A transcription as the limiting factor in the FA-based impaired mitochondrial activity. We highlight ILK as a potential therapeutical target for preserving mitochondrial function in kidney injury.
Exploring Proteases as Alternative Molecular Targets to Tackle Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infections
Authors: Sandri Angela , Boschi Federico
Published: February 2025

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic respiratory infections and excessive inflammation, driven by both host- and pathogen-derived proteases. The dysregulated activity of proteolytic enzymes such as neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G, and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) degrades lung tissue, exacerbates airway remodeling, and perpetuates inflammatory cycles. Concurrently, bacterial proteases from pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus contribute to immune evasion and tissue destruction, compounding disease severity. Despite advances in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, protease-driven lung damage remains a critical challenge. This review examines the dual role of host and bacterial proteases in CF pathophysiology, highlighting emerging protease-targeted therapies aimed at mitigating lung damage and inflammation. Strategies explored include the inhibition of NE, MMPs, and bacterial proteases, with a focus on innovative therapeutic approaches such as dual-function inhibitors, biologics, and advanced drug delivery systems. By restoring the protease–antiprotease balance, these interventions offer the potential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for CF patients.
The Golden Card of Interleukin-1 Blockers in Systemic Inflammasomopathies of Childhood
Authors: Rigante Donato
Published: February 2025

A growing number of systemic hereditary inflammatory diseases characterized by periodic fevers and elevated acute-phase proteins during flares has been linked to deregulated inflammasome function and excessive bioactivity of interleukin (IL)-1. All these conditions respond, at varying degrees, to the specific blockade of IL-1. The remarkable progress with IL-1 antagonists in treating hereditary inflammasome-based disorders has offered new hope for several patients with further non-hereditary autoinflammatory conditions from multifactorial backgrounds. The effectiveness of the IL-1 blockade has transformed our understanding and management of many complex diseases and highlighted the role of aberrant IL-1 signaling in enigmatic conditions, characterized by recurrent or continuous inflammation and a lack of a role for autoreactive T-cells or autoantibody production. To date, the long-term blockade of IL-1 has been found to restore the clinical equilibrium in systemic inflammasomopathies of childhood, and IL-1 inhibitors have become cardinal weapons in managing both monogenic innate immunity defects and a plethora of polygenic diseases occurring in children, including Still’s disease, Kawasaki disease, recurrent pericarditis, chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, and Behçet’s disease. Very few side effects have been reported with the long-term use of anakinra, rilonacept, or canakinumab, and their safety profile has been largely documented even in childhood. Further investigations into the role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions as well as brain degenerative or cardiovascular disorders can be expected, paving the way for precision medicine with benefits beyond inhibiting signaling by individual IL-1-family cytokines.
Identification of Prognostic Genes Related to Cell Senescence and Lipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma Based on Transcriptome and Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Li Qiong , Liu Hongde
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer, with poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and high heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify cellular senescence (CS) and lipid metabolism (LM)-related prognostic genes to improve GBM prognosis and treatment. Transcriptome and scRNA-seq data, CS-associated genes (CSAGs), and LM-related genes (LMRGs) were acquired from public databases. Prognostic genes were identified by intersecting CSAGs, LMRGs, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by WGCNA and univariate Cox regression. A risk model and nomogram were constructed. Analyses covered clinicopathological features, immune microenvironment, somatic mutations, and drug sensitivity. GBM scRNA-seq data identified key cells and prognostic gene expression. SOCS1 and PHB2 were identified as prognostic markers, contributing to the construction of a robust risk model with excellent predictive ability. High-risk group (HRG) patients had poorer survival, higher immune and stromal scores, and distinct somatic mutation profiles. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed significant differences in IC50 values. In microglia differentiation, SOCS1 and PHB2 showed dynamic expression patterns. These findings provide new strategies for GBM prognosis and treatment.
Improving Physically Unclonable Functions’ Performance Using Second-Order Compensated Measurement
Authors: Fernández-Aragón Jorge , Diez-Señorans Guillermo , Garcia-Bosque Miguel , Aparicio-Téllez Raúl , López-Pinar Gabriel , Celma Santiago
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the performance of second-order compensated measurement to generate a multi-bit response in physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The proposed technique is based on a novel second-order compensated measurement generating multiple bits instead of a single bit provided by the conventional compensated measurement. A PUF based on this technique has been proposed and implemented in 40 Artix-7 FPGAs, and its uniqueness and reproducibility have been compared to those of another PUF using the compensated measurement technique. In addition, we demonstrate that the best trade-off between identifiability and computation time performance is obtained when using only two bits. At the same time, the good performance of the technique has been demonstrated, improving the identifiability of a ring oscillator PUF (RO-PUF) between 70 and 90% compared to a RO-PUF that uses conventional compensated measurement. In particular, equal error rates (EER) of the order of EER∼10−16 can be achieved by combining the sign bit with another bit extracted using the proposed technique; and up to EER∼10−19 by using one more extra bit. In addition, the high reliability of the responses generated by this technique against possible temperature and voltage variations has been proved. These results show how this new technique improves the performance of the PUF in terms of identifiability, so it can be effectively used for device identification purposes.
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Cardiac Remodelling in a Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hagau Asmaa Carla , Matacuta-Bogdan Ioana-Octavia , Chiperi Lacramioara Eliza , Hack Beatrix-Jullia , Muntean Iolanda
Published: February 2025

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant contributor to heart failure (HF) in the pediatric population despite its lower incidence compared to adults. Method: We present a case-control study that investigates serum levels of Vitamin D, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), in children diagnosed with DCM and explores the relationship between Vitamin D levels and left ventricular (LV) dimensions and systolic function. Results: Thirty patients (mean age: 10.61 ± 6.54 years) with DCM were included, with a control group of thirty-one matched healthy children. We found a high prevalence of 25-OHD deficiency (67%) in the DCM group, which was statistically significant compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Notably, a significant negative correlation was observed between 25-OHD levels and both LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD; r = −0.43, p < 0.01) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD; r = −0.46, p < 0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between Vitamin D levels and LV ejection fraction or shortening fraction. Conclusion: These findings emphasise the importance of assessing Vitamin D status in pediatric DCM patients and may suggest that Vitamin D supplementation can be beneficial in managing this condition through its potential effects on cardiac remodelling and function. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
The Fossil, the Green, and the In-Between: Life Cycle Assessment of Manufacturing Composites with Varying Bio-Based Content
Authors: Kirschnick Ulrike , Ravindran Bharath , Sieberer Manfred , Fauster Ewald , Feuchter Michael
Published: February 2025

Bio-based composites offer potential environmental benefits over fossil-based materials, but limited research exists on manufacturing processes with varying material combinations. This study performs a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment of five composite types to evaluate the role of fully and partially bio-based composites, focusing on the manufacturing stage. The composite materials include glass or flax fiber-based reinforcements embedded in polymer matrices based on a fossil epoxy, a partially bio-based epoxy, or epoxidized linseed oil, fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Flax fibers in a partially bio-based epoxy achieve the lowest environmental impacts in most categories when assessed at equal geometry. Glass fiber composites exhibit a higher fiber volume content and material properties and thus demonstrate competitive environmental performance at equal absolute and normalized tensile strength. Composites using epoxidized linseed oil are the least advantageous, with the manufacturing stage contributing a majority of the environmental impacts due to their comparatively long curing times. These results are based on methodological choices and technical constraints which are discussed together with benchmarking against previous studies. While partially bio-based materials can provide a middle ground for enhancing composite environmental performance, the further optimization of bio-based material functionality regarding material properties and processability is pivotal to exploit the full potential of bio-based composites.
Diversity and Patulin Production of Penicillium spp. Associated with Apple Blue Mold in Serbia
Authors: Dudaš Tatjana , Cotugno Pietro , Budakov Dragana , Grahovac Mila , Stojšin Vera , Mihajlović Milica , Ippolito Antonio , Sanzani Simona Marianna
Published: February 2025

Apple blue mold, caused by the Penicillium species, is a significant postharvest disease, leading to food loss and impacting food safety due to mycotoxin contamination. This study aimed to identify the Penicillium species associated with apple blue mold in Serbia, assess their pathogenicity, and evaluate their patulin production potential. A total of 70 Penicillium isolates were collected from symptomatic apple fruit and identified as P. expansum (92.9%), P. crustosum (4.3%), P. solitum (1.4%), and P. chrysogenum (1.4%). The pathogenicity assay revealed P. expansum strains as the most virulent. Molecular detection of msas gene and HPLC analysis confirmed patulin production exclusively in P. expansum isolates. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped P. expansum strains in two distinctive clusters, while P. crustosum strains clustered separately with P. solitum and P. chrysogenum, yet in distinct positions. This is the first report of P. solitum and P. chrysogenum as causal agents of apple blue mold in Serbia. The results of the study provide insights that might be useful in the development of effective control strategies for apple blue mold, ensuring consumption of healthy and safe apple fruit and apple-based products.
Gadoteric Acid and Gadolinium: Exploring Short- and Long-Term Effects on Healthy Animals
Authors: Coimbra Susana , Rocha Susana , Viana Sofia D. , Rebelo Rute , Rocha-Pereira Petronila , Lousa Irina , Valente Maria João , Catarino Cristina , Belo Luís , Bronze-da-Rocha Elsa , Reis Flávio , Santos-Silva Alice
Published: February 2025

Regarding the safety of gadolinium (Gd (III))-based contrast agents, we aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects following a single exposure to gadoteric acid (DOTA) or to free Gd (III) using animal models. Biomarkers of kidney injury, inflammation, iron metabolism, dyslipidemia, hepatic and hematologic disturbances and kidney histopathological and differential gene expression (DGE) analyses were evaluated. In the short-term study, compared to the controls, exposure to Gd (III) was associated with higher inflammation; changes in lipid, iron and hepatic metabolisms; hematological alterations; and kidney damage. Exposure to DOTA revealed changes in hematological, lipid and hepatic biomarkers. In the long-term study, compared to the controls, exposure to Gd (III) or to DOTA showed much fewer changes than the short-term exposure. Comparing the kidney gene expression of Gd (III) or DOTA exposure versus the control, we found clearly different DGE patterns and a lower number of differently expressed genes in the long-term study, for both compounds. Our data show that a single-dose exposure to these compounds induces several short-term changes which over time return to normal or are sustained, although with less severity, especially in the case of DOTA.
A Multi-Regional CGE Model for the Optimization of Land Resource Allocation: A Simulation of the Impact of High-Quality Development Policies in China
Authors: Wen Luge , Shen Tiyan , Huang Yuran
Published: February 2025

Land, as the foundation of all productive activities, plays a crucial role in achieving high-quality development across regions. China’s current land allocation model, which focuses on land quota distribution, has several drawbacks and does not address the conflict between limited land availability and increasing demand. To maximize land use benefits, it is essential to develop scientifically sound allocation plans that effectively adjust land structure and layout. However, existing research often relies on single-attribute geographic or linear programming models which do not meet the multidimensional needs of modern territorial planning. Additionally, commonly used CGE models often overlook the critical role of construction land. To address these gaps, this study introduces a multi-scale, multi-type China Territorial Spatial Planning Simulation Model (CTSPM). This model integrates cultivated, forest, grassland, and construction land, simulating the land use changes driven by socioeconomic impacts through price mechanisms. By employing a land use transition matrix, the CTSPM enhances practical applicability and improves predictions for residential and non-agricultural construction land. It provides a scientific tool for evaluating land policies, supporting interdepartmental negotiations on land quotas, and contributing to natural resource governance and territorial spatial planning. Using the CTSPM, we simulated various high-quality development scenarios and derived the following conclusions: (1) An increase in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) significantly boosts regional economic development and the demand for non-agricultural land; a 1% increase in TFP leads to a 1.48% rise in actual GDP and a 0.19% increase in total non-agricultural land demand. (2) At the regional level, eastern regions experience a greater impact on total land demand compared to central and western regions. (3) In terms of land use types, cultivated and grassland areas show a decreasing trend, while forest and construction land areas are increasing.