bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Orphan Children in State-Sponsored Orphanages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Ullah Farhat , Shah Syed Faisal Hyder Shah
Published: May 2021

The present study is conducted in two sweet homes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan i.e. Sweet Home of Peshawar and Sweet Home of Abbottabad. The nature of the study was quantitative and a close-ended questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection for collecting information from the sample size of 134 respondents selected through the proportional allocation method. The association was tabulated through the application of Chi-Square test statistics to ascertain the association between the dependent and independent variables. Study findings revealed a significant association (P?0.05) of an index of various socio-economic problems of orphans with the statements such as children at sweet home is routinely harassed; adult children physically abuse younger children in the sweet home, etc. with the dependent variable i.e. protection aspects of orphanages. The government and staff should provide an environment free of harassment, abuse, stress, and anxiety, foster mother at sweet home should be advised to treat children like her biological one, the staff should understand children’s method of learning, organize exercises were some of the recommendations forwarded in the light of study findings.
Sustainable Consumption and Production: An Analysis of Implementation of Pakistan’s Policy Framework of SDG-12
Authors: Fatima Noor , Ashraf Imran , Zehraa Sania
Published: May 2021

The sustainable consumption and production is crucially relevant for Pakistan, given the massive degradation and depletion of natural resources due to the population explosion – and agricultural and industrial development pursued without regard for environmental sustainability. Freshwater availability has declined and quality of drinking water has deteriorated, leading to increase in water-borne diseases. The decaying water infrastructure results in a 40pc water loss in conveyance from dams to farms, for agricultural development. Industrial, agricultural, and household chemicals are freely imported and used without any regulatory system. Massive depletion of natural resources has meant the cutting of trees, resulting in increased timber imports. Pakistan National Action Plan (PNAP) was developed in May 2017 to achieve the sustainable goal particularly goal 12, which is about Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP). This paper focuses on the ingenious activity and strategy devised in the PNAP for the preparedness, implementation and monitoring of the SDG-12, as National Developmental Agenda of Pakistan. Utilizing library research methods, the major material used for this research is qualitatively collected by analyzing the contents of documents. For primary data, government documents have been consulted. Whereas the secondary data has been collected from books and articles available on the theme.
Geo-Politics of Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Status under the WTO and Future of Trade between India-Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Zahida , Hilali A. Z.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the impact of political decision on regional trade between India and Pakistan from the prospect of Pakistan Most Favoured Nation (MFN). The study is based on pre and post MFN status, which shows substantial evidence that Indian decision of declaring Pakistan as MFN in 1996 has shifted the dimension of trade in favour of India. The study is based on qualitative and descriptive analysis, which shows consumerism in Pakistan and its trend of Indian exports to Pakistan. The broad objective of study is aimed at analysing the possibility of trade between India and Pakistan under the world trading system. However, Pakistan exports to India are indifferent to Indian economic situation and Pakistan’s decision has insignificant impact on mutual trade. Thus, despite the volatile relationship, trade can play an important role for economic growth of Pakistan and the country can exploit the bigger market of India. Further, reduction in political tensions would eventually benefit both countries and means can generate larger benefits and trade facilitation measures. In this regard, trade routes should be opened, communications shall be restarted, and contracts should restore.
Facts behind the Traumatic Sexual Oppression in Maryce Conde’s I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Riaz Wajid , Malik Shaista
Published: May 2021

This paper analyses the effects of trauma on black female sexual agency and communal patriarchal norms controlling female eroticism to maintain male domination in Maryce Conde’s I, Tituba Black Witch of Salem. The research is qualitative and the nature of the research is explorative to investigate facts behind the traumatic sexual oppression in the selected novel of Conde. The researchers used close textual analysis as a research method exposing the historical factors behind the wretched plight of African women living in the United States who become the object of their white masters’ sexual desires. The paper also validates that the African women stand against this oppression and these women define themselves by fighting against the sexual assaults, and many of them are mentally tortured, physically hurt and some even lose their lives in the struggle against the will of their white Masters. The paper sets to prove that sexual exploitation of black women is due to the oppressive system designed by upper class white males that allows them to treat black women as their property.
Horto Oswaldo Cruz
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Dias de , Mendonça Ricardo Silva de , Puorto Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

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Indústria farmacêutica na era Vargas. São Paulo 1930-1945
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Alice Rosa
Published: May 2021

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A Saúde na Coleção de Leis e Decretos do Estado de São Paulo (1932-1947) - 3ª parte
Authors: Cunha Ana Maria da
Published: May 2021

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Utopia ao avesso nas cidades muradas da hanseníase: apontamentos para a documentação arquitetônica e urbanística das colônias de leprosos no Brasil
Authors: Amora Ana Albano
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo abordamos a história das colônias de leprosos no Brasil a partir de um enfoque arquitetônico e urbanístico, especificamente um tipo desses lugares com características urbanas e que optamos denominar cidades hospitais. Essas cidades hospitais foram principalmente construídas durante o primeiro governo de Getulio Vargas -1930/1945, e tornaram-se a principal política estatal para a doença. Acreditamos que a origem desses espaços esteja conectada dentro da história do pensamento ao conceito de utopia desenvolvido no século XVI, de um lugar totalmente novo onde fosse possível se criar uma nova sociedade, e mais recentemente no século XIX às novas propostas de sociedades e cidades. Durante a administração Vargas esse conceito foi uma referência para o desenvolvimento dessa nova tipologia de colônia, nas quais seria possível apartar o doente da sociedade, mas ao mesmo tempo recriar em confinamento uma vida social com os valores nacionais requeridos pelo governo. Finalmente, indicamos alguns pontos a serem considerados na documentação e análise desses hospitais.
O Código Sanitário Estadual de 1918 e a Epidemia de Gripe Espanhola
Authors: Duarte Ivomar Gomes
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho busca relacionar a repercussão causada pela epidemia de gripe espanhola na implantação de um Código Sanitário em São Paulo, que visava regular a vida das pessoas e da comunidade. No ambiente impactado por uma pandemia, com condições sociais caóticas, as regras, normas e rotinas ficaram relativizadas em função dessa crise maior. O Código, de inspiração no modelo de polícia médica, era composto por 800 artigos de minucioso regramento sanitário, acabou sendo superado pela velocidade dos acontecimentos e violência da epidemia de gripe e pelo desarranjo social por ela causado. Com o tempo, esse código se consolidou como instrumento legal, sendo alterado e emendado ao longo dos anos, vigorando até 1970, quando foi substituído.
Selective Approach in Managing Penetrating Neck Injury
Authors: Ahmed Raid Jasim , Hammoud Haitham Abid , Majeed Ghassan Hikmat
Published: May 2021

Background: Penetrating Neck Injuries (PNI) management represents a challenge to most surgeons in civilian trauma, in weighing selective versus mandatory exploration of all cases in different circumstances. Data are encouraging surgeons to adopt the former approach.Objectives: The study aims to assess the selective approach in our war and terror time events in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital.Type of the study:A retrospective study. Methods: Data of patients presented to the Thoracic and Vascular ward in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital with PNI were assessed retrospectively, from March 2013 to March 2015, and analyzed for epidemiology, mechanism of trauma, management methods, associated organ injuries, complications and mortality. Results: Among 83 patients (76 males and 7 females) who presented with PNI, the mean age was 28.5±15 years with a peak incidence in third decade. Shell injury (52.2%) was the most common mechanism and zone II was the most frequently injured (49.4%). Therapeutic exploration of neck in 82% of the cases, a decision of surgical exploration (87%) patients. Vascular injuries were the most identified neck structures (39.5%). Chest injuries (35%) were the most common associated injuries identified in patients who had additional anatomic region injury (41%) beside PNI. Complication rate of 18% and infection (26.6%) were most common and mortality rate was 8%. Conclusions: Still the selective approach is preferable in management of PNI in our war and terror time circumstances and limited resources of country.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA FAIXA ESPECTRAL DE ABSORÇÃO LUMINOSA POR PIGMENTO FOTOSSINTETIZANTE DE DUAS ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS: O USO DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO PARA POTENCIALIZAR A APRENDIZAGEM EM QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA
Authors: De Oliveira Leandro José Dias Gonçalves
Published: May 2021

A espectrofotometria é um método instrumental óptico largamente utilizado para determinações quantitativas em química analítica, tendo como princípio as interações entre a luz e a matéria. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar os resultados de uma aula experimental em química analítica, realizada por estudantes de química de nível pós-médio. Na realização da aula experimental, foram aplicados conhecimentos prévios sobre a técnica de espectrometria UV-VIS, na determinação da faixa de comprimento espectral e de máxima absorção de clorofila presente nas espécies vegetais couve (Brassica oleracea) e boldo (Peumus boldus). O experimento permitiu aos alunos compreenderem melhor a interação luz-matéria através da determinação dos comprimentos de onda de máxima absorção de luz pelos pigmentos fotossintetizantes de cada espécie vegetal. Os resultados revelaram como a experimentação, atrelada à contextualização, foi capaz de potencializar a aprendizagem dos alunos, favorecer a sistematização de conceitos em química analítica e criar oportunidades para estudos interdisciplinares com outros campos do saber científico.
Associating walkability features with pedestrian activity in a central Athens neighborhood
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, PARASKEVOPOULOS Yannis , TSIGDINOS Stefanos ,   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, ANDRAKAKOU Maria ,   Aalborg University, Denmark
Published: May 2021

Everyday human activity is crucially defined by walkability at neighbourhood level, and accordingly, this paper sets a dual focus: to map basic pedestrian accessibility infrastructure and to investigate the factors influencing walking patterns in such areas. The study area is Koukaki, a neighborhood in Athens’ municipality. The methodological framework consists of four steps: a) Evaluating neighbourhood-level pedestrian accessibility with emphasis on vulnerable users, b) Selecting a centrality cluster, as an area of dense human activity (high density of non-residential uses), c) data collection of pedestrian flow and d) interpretation of the results. The results showed that human flows have substantial positive correlation with commercial activities, but negative with residential uses. In addition, they appear to have strong positive correlation with local network centrality (space syntax), sidewalk width and functional density. Finally, the evaluation of pedestrian infrastructure demonstrated that pedestrian movement cannot be adequately sustained in Koukaki, thus needing serious interventions.
THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE FUTURE OF UNIVERSITIES: SOME REFLECTION
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: May 2021

Deep economic, technological, social changes form new challenges for universities. University management continues to be a problem. The main problem is how to find an optimal balance between the autonomy of the universities, the so-called democracy, and regulation from the state. Today the future of the universities in Lithuania is more uncertain than it has been in the last 30 years. A wide range of conditions and circumstances require constant change. The traditional model of university management becomes ineffective. The labor market makes new demands to universities (new study programms, short-term courses etc.). It is possible to tell that universities undergo constant pressure from the labor market. Does this mean that universities and government should resist labour-market pressures? The mentioned pressure is quite often inadequate and negatively influences university development. On the other hand, there are some hindering factors for more positive development of universities, such as low competence of managers, a separation from real practice, ignoring of world technological, social and economic tendencies.
Key words: development of universities, global chantes, university management.
Explaining Military Responses to Protests in Latin American Democracies
Authors: Pion-Berlin David , Aćacio Igor
Published: May 2021

Social protests are a feature of democracy in Latin America. When the police cannot handle them, governments, facing threats to their tenure, are tempted to order the armed forces to step in. The military, when ordered to deploy in counter-protest operations, exhibits behaviors ranging
from defiance to conditional and full compliance. The article investigates the sources of variation in military responses to mass protests, leveraging a small-n comparative analysis and a diverse case selection strategy. It draws on qualitative evidence from Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, democracies
with a history of protests. It finds that a combination of the judicial risks soldiers assume if they repress, professional mission preferences, and social identity between the military and the protesters are the most compelling explanations for military responses.
The Testing of Empirical Trade Off Theory in Determining Value of the Firm in Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia
Authors: Bertuah Eka , Budiati Anie
Published: May 2021

This research aims to determine the application of trade off theory in determining the value of the firm by observing the factors of institutional ownership structure, liquidity and profitability that affect the capital structure and test the differences in capital structure in LQ-45 firms. The results showed that the independent variables jointly had a significant effect on the dependent variable of 15.90% with the fixed effect model as a fit model for measuring capital structure. The results showed that the structure of institutional ownership and profitability had a significant effect on capital structure variables, while the current ratio had no significant effect on capital structure variables. This research found that firms with high Institutional Ownership Structure (KPI) can increase external funding so that the capital structure is higher. Liquidity (current ratio) does not affect the capital structure (DER). Low profitability (return on equity) will increase the capital structure (DER), because firms need external funding to overcome their profitability. The results of this research indicate that there is no difference between the capital structure of firms that have high value and low value. Thus, the results of the research do not support the trade off theory in capital structure decisions in manufacturing firms in Indonesia.
An Assessment of the Conceptual Framework of Public Infrastructure and Its Impact on Economic Growth
Authors: Brima Abdulai Salia
Published: May 2021

This article sheds light on the conceptual framework of public infrastructure and its impact on economic growth. It does explain the diverse relationship between the stock of infrastructure and economic growth. The main questions that the article addresses are: What is infrastructure? How has infrastructure been perceived? How it impacts the economy?
Job Stress and Turnover Intention: Understanding the Role of Leadership and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Novitasari Dewiana
Published: May 2021

This research aims to measure the effect of leadership style and organizational commitment on turnover intention of the automotive industry in Indonesia mediated by job stress. Data collection was carried out by simple random sampling to 253 population. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 147 samples. Data processing was using SEM method with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this research are leadership style has a negative and significant effect on job stress and turnover intention. Organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on job stress but does not significantly affect on turnover intention. Job stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. Job stress was not a mediator for the relationship between leadership style, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This novel research is proposing a model to manage turnover intention among employees of the automotive industry in Indonesia through leadership style and organizational commitment with job stress management as mediation. This research can pave the way to improve teacher readiness in facing industrial revolution 4.0.
The “Fonds Georges Brohée” : a longstanding Belgian national initiative to stimulate research in hepatogastroenterology
Authors: Borbath I , Fiasse R , Van Hootegem P
Published: May 2021

The Fonds Brohée/Brohée fund was created in 1964 at the initiative of 16 Belgian physicians, in the memory of Georges Brohée, the founder of the Belgian Society of Gastroenterology in 1928 and of its Journal in 1933, first published under the name “Le Journal Belge de Gastro-entérologie”, then until today as “Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica”. The goal of the Fonds is to stimulate research in the field of gastroenterology in Belgium, by awarding a young researcher (< 40 years) for an outstanding work in the clinical, translational or fundamental setting. Since 1966, 26 remarkable works have been awarded in various areas of interest in gastrointestinal diseases, whether in IBD, functional disorders, digestive oncology and, last but not least, hepatology. Since the recognition of their work, many of the awardees have become recognized for their expertise well beyond Belgium. Hopefully, the Foundation will continue to thrive and flourish after 55 years, as the members of its board and its healthy finances will allow to continue to promote and encourage high-quality research by young hepato-gastroenterologists in Belgium.
Impact of antithrombotics on the fecal immunochemical test for colorectal cancer screening : a multi-center Belgian experience
Authors: Wauters L. , Van der Voort V.R.H. , Dobbels P , Hendrickx K. , Casneuf V. , Vandervoort J.
Published: May 2021

Background : Impact of antithrombotics on the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains unclear.

Methods : Patients undergoing colonoscopy for positive FIT in 2015 were assessed at 3 Belgian centers. Significant findings were advanced polyps (AP) (sessile serrated, tubular or villous adenomas >1cm or high-grade dysplasia) and CRC. False positive FIT and detection of AP/CRC with antithrombotics were calculated.

Results : 510 patients (64% male, median (IQR) age 63.2 (60.2-66.4) years) were included. Colorectal pathology in 371/510 (73%) was associated with male gender (70% vs. 48% ; p= .0001) and family history (16% vs. 8% ; p= .02). Antithrombotics in 125/510 (25%) were associated with male gender (78% vs. 59% ; p= .0001), older age (65.2 (62.2-70.3) vs. 62.3 (58.7-66.3) years ; p= .0001) and GI-symptoms (18% vs. 11% ; p= .04). False positive FIT (25% vs. 28% ; p= .52) and detection of AP (42% vs. 36% ; p= .27) or
CRC (6% vs. 5% ; p= .69) were similar in patients with vs. no antithrombotics. Use of antithrombotics did not predict a higher chance of colorectal pathology after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion : Although antithrombotics were prescribed more frequently in male and older patients, detection of AP/CRC was similar. Despite increased GI symptoms, false positive FIT was similar with antithrombotics.
Vitamine B12 deficiency in children : a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Van Vlaenderen J , Christiaens J , Van Winckel M , De Bruyne R , Vande Velde S , Van Biervliet S
Published: May 2021

Cobalamin or vitamin B12 (vitB12) is involved in DNA synthesis, haematopoiesis and myelinisation. Consequently, vitB12 deficiency causes various symptoms, such as megaloblastic anaemia, neurologic signs or pancytopenia. Despite possible severe symptoms, vitB12 deficiency can present asymptomatically. We report six paediatric patients with different aetiologies of vitB12 deficiency ranging from a subtle to a more overt presentation. VitB12 deficiency is a diagnostic challenge due to the lack of consensus on normal values of vitB12 and its co-markers (folate, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine) and the lack in specificity and sensitivity of the serum vitB12 analysis. All cases were treated with parenteral vitB12. Last decades, evidence supporting high dose oral treatment being as effective as the intramuscular (IM) therapy, also in children, is growing.
Guía 2019 del Colegio Norteamericano de Cardiología y la Asociación Norteamericana del Corazón para la prevención primaria de enfermedad cardiovascular: puntos clave
Authors: Carrara Carolina
Published: May 2021

Gran parte de la carga de la enfermedad cardiovascular y la mortalidad se deben a cuatro hábitos no saludables (fumar, recibir una dieta deficiente, tener un elevado índice de masa corporal, llevar un estilo de vida sedentario) y tres factores de riesgo principales (hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión, diabetes). La nueva guía de prevención primaria reune y actualiza pautas de orientación sobre 9 temas: evaluación de riesgos, dieta, ejercicio/actividad física, obesidad, diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2, colesterolemia, hipertensión, cesación tabáquica y aspirina.
Perfiles de mentoría en investigación y evidencia de sus beneficios
Authors: Terrasa Sergio , Durante Eduardo
Published: May 2021

En esta segunda entrega de EVIDENCIA describiremos: 1) las diferentes conceptualizaciones de mentoría propuestas por Chopra (mentor tradicional, el coach, el espónsor y el conector); 2) la evidencia con la que contamos respecto de la utilidad de la mentoría (en general y en las ciencias de la salud en particular); 3) las características de una buena mentoría y diferentes perfiles de malas mentorías.
Probióticos en el síndrome de intestino irritable con predominio de diarrea
Authors: Camina Malena , Morel Alvarez Agustín Ezequiel , Franco Juan Victor Ariel
Published: May 2021

Una mujer de 36 años, diagnosticada con síndrome de intestino irritable a predominio de diarrea (SII-D) acude a la consulta médica. Ella pregunta si el uso de probióticos sería útil para controlar los episodios de diarrea, ya que los fármacos con los que está siendo tratada no le resultan eficaces. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica con el objetivo de encontrar evidencia en respuesta a su consulta, tras la cual se seleccionaron dos ensayos clínicos y una revisión sistemática. Se evidenciaron diversos resultados en cuanto al uso de probióticos en el SII-D y se discutieron los riesgos y beneficios del tratamiento, así como las implicancias en la vida de la paciente.
COVID-19: Presentación clínica en adultos
Authors: Terceiro Diego , Vietto Valeria
Published: May 2021

Este artículo resume las diferentes formas de presentación clínica de la enfermedad COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-Co-2 documentadas fundamentalmente en las tres principales revisiones sistemáticas disponibles. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas de frecuente aparición se destacan la fiebre (83 %), la tos (60 %) y la fatiga (38 %), seguidas por las mialgias (29 %), el aumento de la producción del esputo (27 %) y la disnea (25 %). Entre los hallazgos de laboratorio, predominan el aumento de los valores de proteína C reactiva (69 %), la linfopenia (57 %) y el aumento de los niveles de lactato-deshidrogenasa (52 %). Respecto de las manifestaciones radiológicas, tienen especial importancia las opacificaciones en vidrio esmerilado (80 %), la neumonía bilateral (73 %) y la afectación de tres lóbulos pulmonares o más (57 %). Si bien la evidencia sintetizada tiene limitaciones, permite una aproximación actualizada a los conocimientos disponibles sobre la clínica de esta nueva enfermedad en la población adulta.
Pantallas, niños y confinamiento en pandemia: ¿debemos limitar su exposición?
Authors: Gavoto Leticia , Terceiro Diego , Terrasa Sergio Adrian
Published: May 2021

Desde la aparición del cine, hace más de un siglo, hasta la actual invasión de dispositivos móviles, la velocidad en la evolución de las pantallas ha sido exponencial, y se ha acompañado de nuevas formas de consumir medios audiovisuales, de comunicarnos y de administrar nuestro tiempo de ocio. Las aplicaciones han dado un salto desde la computadora de escritorio a los smartphones, lo que facilitó su acceso en cualquier lugar y momento, haciendo que los niños y adolescentes de hoy (generación Z, nativos digitales y neodigitales) tengan más acceso a medios electrónicos que cualquier otra generación previa.

En paralelo, ha crecido la preocupación por el efecto que estas pantallas podrían tener sobre el desarrollo infantil. A partir de los resultados de varias investigaciones, diferentes entidades desarrollaron recomendaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en niños, fijando la mayoría de ellas un límite “seguro” de consumo de dos horas al día. Sin embargo, la evidencia que las respalda es muy débil.

Dada la actual situación de pandemia, que obliga a confinarnos en nuestros hogares, alejados físicamente de otras personas y sin acceso a actividades recreativas en el exterior, la mayoría de estas recomendaciones suenan bastante limitantes y difíciles de cumplir.

Este artículo propone: 1) repasar la información disponible sobre el consumo de pantallas en niños, 2) exponer la evidencia que respalda las actuales recomendaciones de diferentes instituciones respecto de su uso, 3) evaluarla críticamente, visibilizando los vacíos de conocimiento, para jerarquizarlos a la hora de aconsejar sobre crianza a las familias que atendemos.
Potential probiotic yeast isolated from an Indonesian indigenous fermented fish (Ikan Budu)
Authors: Marlida Yetti , Huda Nurul , Harnentis  , Shafan Nur Yuliaty , Mekar Lestari Nuri , Adzitey Frederick , Sulaiman Mohd Rosni
Published: May 2021

Budu is a fermented food resulting from the activities of microorganisms like lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Budu, therefore, serves as a source of probiotics that can have beneficial effects on livestock and humans. Nonetheless, their selection has to be done with caution. The current study purposed to find out whether budu has desirable probiotic properties. This was done by determining its pH, bile acid tolerance, hydrophobicity, and inhibition of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. An in vitro experiment was conducted using three Saccharomyces cerevisiae (coded as SC 11, SC 12, and SC 21) in the preparation of budu. The whole experiment was repeated four times. The budus were tested for their probiotic properties (low pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity, and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria). The results showed that the three Saccharomyces cerevisiae survived in gastric juice and bile acid, exhibited good hydrophobicity, and could inhibit pathogenic bacteria, both gram-positive and negative pathogens. They were able to survive at pH 2 for 3 h (40.70 to 55.1%), at pH 2 for 5 h (35.25 to 46.88%), in 0.3% bile acid incubated for 3 h (69.69 to 86.56%), in 0.3% bile acid incubated for 5 h (82.22 to 88.18%) and hydrophobicity ability of 97.0 to 98.1%. The inhibition activity against pathogenic bacteria, that is, Escherichia coli was 2.50 to 3.81 mm, Staphylococcus aureus was 1.66 to 3.71 mm, and Salmonella enteritidis was 1.20 to 2.64 mm.
Can innovation mediate the effect of adaptability, entrepreneurial orientation on business performance?
Authors: Savitri Enni , DP Emrinaldi Nur , Syahza Almasdi
Published: May 2021

Business performance is one of the entrepreneurial behavior benchmarks. Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are required to have dynamic capabilities and strategies that can seize opportunities and improve the market. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of adaptability and entrepreneurial orientation on business performance through innovation as mediation. Based on interviews and questionnaires distributed to 115 SMEs in coastal areas. The research results show that adaptability and entrepreneurial orientation have effects on innovation. Adaptability and entrepreneurial orientation have no effects on business performance. Innovation has effects on business performance. Adaptability and entrepreneurial orientation have effects on business performance through innovation as mediation. This study enriches the current literature by providing a contribution and insights to understanding how Resources Based View (RBV) theory affects business performance and innovation on SMEs in coastal areas in Indonesia. The implications of this study on entrepreneurship orientation in SMEs will help to increase resources for innovation. This emphasizes how the RBV approach used in this research helps improve business efficiency by leveraging existing capital in microbusinesses into a source of excellence. The government is working on policies to enhance the efficiency of SMEs in Indonesia.
The effect of team value diversity on team performance: The mediating role of relationship conflict and the moderating effects of organization citizenship behavior and leader-member exchange quality
Authors: Waleed Abul , Ahmad Wisal , Jan Muhammad Farooq , Ali Sadaqat , Khattak Awais Jamal , Nadeem Aamir
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to investigate the mediating role of relationship conflict and moderating role of organization citizenship behavior and leader-member-exchange quality on the relationship between team value diversity and team performance. Data was collected from 263 employees of the telecom sector addressing the variables of value diversity, team performance, relationship conflict, OCB and LMX. Regression analysis found that team value diversity negatively affects team performance, and relationship conflict significantly mediates this relationship. It was also found that OCB and LMX significantly moderate the relationship, such that in the presence of these two, value diversity doesn’t affect team performance rather team performance is positive when these two are present. The findings of this research confirm that for effective management of team diversity in organizations, team leaders must also wisely manage relationship conflict.
Studies on Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity and Micro propagation of Medicinal plants from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Koti Ratnam Darsi Phebe Sarah
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of phyto chemical, antimicrobial activities and micro propagation of the selected medicinal plants i.e. Rauwolfia serpentina, Adhatoda vasica and Alstonia scholaris. These endemic plants belong to Apocynaceae and were collected from higher altitudes of Eastern Ghats, Lambasingi forest region, Andhra Pradesh India. To determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, Soxhlet apparatus was used for this study. Solvents used were in this study are water, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol. Among them the solvent methanolic extract of Rauwolfia serpentina (57.15±1.2) and Alstonia scholaris (55.06±0.7) showed high content of saponins. The test microrganism which were studied against the efficacy of selected medicinal plant extracts were, two bacterial strians i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Vibrio cholera. The antimicrobial activity was proved that the methanol extracts was found to be maximum antimicrobial growth inhibition. The simple and effective protocol was developed to propagate the Rauwolfia plant from nodal explants. Maximum no of 95% plantlets regenerated successfully. These propagated plantlets were hardened to survive in vivo conditions.
Natural Superdisintegrant: Opportunity in Oral Drug Delivery System
Authors: Maskare Rina G. , Indurwade Nitin H. , Yadav Aparna O. , Kesharwani Ajita S. , Jain Aishwarya A. , Bisen Vishal K. , Kotangale Angat T.
Published: May 2021

The present work concerned with formulation and evaluation of fast disintegrating tablet of Topiramate by using natural superdisintegrants like Trigonellafoenum graceum (fenugreek) powder, Plantago ovata powder, dehydrated banana powder, soy polysaccharide, linseed powder. Topiramate is an antiepileptic drug and also used in migraine. Preformulation studies like solubility, melting point were studied. Five formulations were prepared using different natural superdisintegrant with same concentrations by using direct compression method. All the formulations were evaluated for precompression parameters and all the parameters were found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. Post compression parameters like hardness of the tablet, thickness of the tablet, friability test, weight variation, disintegration test, in-vitro dissolution test, drug content were performed. The formulation F-5 containing Trigonellafoenum-graceum (fenugreek) powder shown disintegration time of 12sec. Rapid disintegration of the Trigonellafoenum-graceum due to its rapid water absorbency swells in water to the extent of 200–300% disintegrates rapidly for quick and complete disintegration of the tablet. An accelerated stability study on optimized formulation was performed and it was found to be stable. It can be concluded that Trigonellafoenum-graceum (fenugreek) powder as Superdisintegrant showed better release than soy polysaccharide, plantago ovata powder, dehydrated banana powder and linseed powder.
A Review on Microspheres: Types, Method of Preparation, Characterization and Application
Authors: Dhadde Gurunath S. , Mali Hanmant S. , Raut Indrayani D. , Nitalikar Manoj M. , Bhutkar Mangesh A.
Published: May 2021

The microspheres are one of the novel drug delivery system in which effective therapeutic alternative to conventional or immediate release single-unit dosage forms. Microspheres can be characterized as solid, diameter having between 1–1000μm.there are different types of microsphere explained. These microspheres prepared and fill them in a hard gelatin or compress them directly. The microspheres which are prepared by using different technique that are changes their effectiveness and administration of the dosage form as compare to conventional dosage form. Microsphere will be evaluated by using different methods that analyses quality of the microsphere. The microspheres which will get central place in novel drug delivery in future.
الرضا الوظيفي وعلاقته بالاستمتاع بالحياة لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة البصرة (بحث ميداني)
Authors: Saeed Jassim Al-Asadi Sinan
Published: May 2021

يسعى البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على العلاقة ذات الدلالة الإحصائية بين الرضا الوظيفي والاستمتاع بالحياة لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية. ومن أجل تحقيق أهداف البحث الحالي فقد اتبع الباحث خطوات المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي. فقد تم تحديد مجتمع البحث بجميع معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة البصرة؛ اما عينة البحث فقد تكونت من (200) معلم ومعلمة.

        ومن أجل جمع البيانات والمعلومات فقد قام الباحث بإعداد أدوات البحث الحالي واستخراج الخصائص السايكومترية لها من صدق وثبات.

وبعد الاطمئنان إلى أدوات البحث تم تطبيقها على عينة البحث وتم التوصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها :

هنالك مستوى عالي من الرضا الوظيفي لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة البصرة

هنالك مستوى عالي من الاستمتاع بالحياة لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة البصرة

هنالك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين الرضا الوظيفي والاستمتاع بالحياة لدى معلمي المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة البصرة
اختيار رئيس الجمهورية عند خلو منصبه في ظل دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 ( دراسة مقارنة )
Authors: Hussein Musa Rahim , Sabeeh Dawood Muntather
Published: May 2021

يتميز موضوع خلو منصب رئيس الجمهورية بأهميته في الانظمة البرلمانية التي تقوم على اساس ثنائية السلطة التنفيذية , حيث غالبا ما يكون دور رئيس الجمهورية هو حلقة الوصل والتنسيق بين السلطتين التنفيذية (المتمثل برئيس الحكومة) والتشريعية (المتمثل بالبرلمان) ويساهم في تقليل حدة تسلط احداهما على الاخرى من خلال اشراكه في بعض الصلاحيات التنفيذية المهمة عند ممارسة رئيس الحكومة لامتيازاته الدستورية التي يكون لها اثر ايجابي او سلبي على السلطتين , وان حالات خلو منصب رئيس الجمهورية تتعدد باختلاف اسبابها واختلاف فترة الخلو والتي قد تكون لمدة محدودة او قد تستمر لمدة طويلة او تكون دائمة , وكذلك تختلف الجهات التي لها صلاحية الحلول محل منصب رئيس الجمهورية عند خلوه حسب الطبيعة التنظيمية في دساتير الدول , ومنها دستور جمهورية العراق النافذ 2005 الذي تطرقت بعض مواده إلى حالة الخلو لمنصب رئيس الجمهورية بشكل مقتضب دون ان يميز بين حالاته او اسبابه بصورة واضحة او كافية , اضافة إلى وجود بعض التناقضات في مواد الدستور عند تنظيمها معالجة حالة الخلو التي قد لا تتلاءم مع طبيعة النظام السياسي المتبناة بموجب الدستور النافذ .
Nghiên cứu một số yếu tố liên quan đến viêm phổi kẽ ở bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp
Authors: Trang Tạ Thị Hương , Hùng Nguyễn Văn , Phương Phan Thu
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu đánh giá một số yếu tố liên quan đến viêm phổi kẽ ở bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp. Nghiên cứu gồm 212 bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp được chẩn đoán theo tiêu chuẩn ACR 1987 và /hoặc ACR/EULAR 2010 chia thành 2 nhóm: Nhóm 1 gồm 145 bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp không có viêm phổi kẽ, nhóm 2 gồm 67 bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp có viêm phổi kẽ được xác định theo tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán viêm phổi kẽ của ATS/ ERS/JRS/ALAT 2011. Trong nghiên cứu này chúng tôi thấy có mối liên quan giữa viêm phổi kẽ với tuổi: bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp trên 65 tuổi có tỷ lệ mắc viêm phổi kẽ cao hơn nhóm bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp có tuổi nhỏ hơn 65 với p < 0,05 và OR 1,95. Bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp hút thuốc lá có tỷ lệ mắc viêm với kẽ cao hơn nhóm bệnh nhân không hút thuốc lá với p < 0,05 và OR là 3,3. Nồng độ RF, nồng độ anti CCP huyết thanh ở nhóm bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp có viêm phổi kẽ cao hơn nhóm bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp không có viêm phổi kẽ với p < 0,05. Không có mối liên quan giữa viêm phổi kẽ với giới, mức độ hoạt động bệnh với p>0,05. Viêm phổi kẽ là biến chứng thường gặp ở bệnh nhân viêm khớp dạng thấp. Trong quá trình chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh viêm khớp dạng thấp chúng ta cần quan tâm phát hiện sớm tổn thương viêm phổi kẽ.
Presentación
Authors: Tórrez Mario Isaías
Published: May 2021

En esta edición quiero destacar la ampliación de nuestro Consejo Editorial, al que hemos integrado a cuatro nuevos miembros y miembras de destacada trayectoria en el ámbito de la sociedad civil, del Estado y de la academia. Ellos son: el doctor Luis Manuel Osejo, Magistrado Presidente del Tribunal Nacional Laboral de Apelaciones y docente de la UPOLI; el doctor Carlos Emilio López, diputado ante la Asamblea Nacional y especialista de destacada trayectoria en derechos de la niñez y adolescencia, vinculado a diferentes instituciones académicas del país.
Fluid Flow and Genesis of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
Authors: Cathles L. M.
Published: May 2021

Hydrothermal ore deposits are formed when metal components precipitate from migrating solutions. The causes of fluid movement are reviewed for several deposit settings: hydrothermal circulation near a mid-ocean ridge spreading center (Cyprus-type massive sulfide deposits), convection associated with intrusives in an island-arc or continental setting (geothermal systems, porphyry copper and uranium vein deposits), and the stratafugic flow of pore fluids from compacting basins (Mississippi Pb-Zn and certain types of sedimentary copper deposits). Attention is focused particularly on the amount of fluid flow that can be produced by various mechanisms, the length of time such flow can persist, the aspects of fluid flow that have practical exploration significance, and the insights fluid flow models provide for deposit genesis. Simple analytic expressions are derived and a diagram is constructed that allow easy estimation of the time required for an instrusion to cool and the amount and rate of hydrothermal circulation produced in the process. Theoretical and field studies are reviewed to obtain an upper bound on the bulk fluid-rock mass ratio produced by natural convective systems. Areas are identified where further work is needed.
The Character and Economic Significance of Precambrian Paleoweathering and Erosion Surfaces in Southern Africa
Authors: Button Andrew , Tyler Noel
Published: May 2021

A disproportionately large number of mineral deposits is associated with Precambrian weathering and erosion surfaces. In southern Africa such surfaces range in age from 3,200 to 600 m.y. and are developed on rocks as diverse as granites, volcanics (both basic and acid), arenites, shales, carbonates, and iron-formations. The sericitic arenites that host the auriferous-uraniferous conglomerates of the Witwatersrand and other basins of comparable age were almost certainly derived from granitic paleosols. There is some evidence to suggest that uranium was leached by paleoground water during the formation of such paleosols. We suggest that some of this uranium may have become fixed in diagenetic titania skeletons in conglomerate paleo-aquifers. In addition to chemical concentration factors, it has long been recognized that erosive truncation and reworking of older conglomerates were important ways of creating mechanical concentrations of gold and uranium along early Proterozoic and late Archean unconformities.

In several areas in southern Africa basic lavas were weathered during the early Proterozoic or earlier times to yield an alumina-rich (≥ 30% Al2O3) paleosol. Such paleosols represent a vast resource of nonbauxitic alumina.

Unconformities that cut across Precambrian carbonate rocks are marked by paleokarst surfaces, which have acted as emplacement loci for deposits as diverse as the fluorite (lead, zinc) deposits of the western Transvaal to the lead-zinc-copper deposits in the Tsumeb mine of South West Africa-Namibia. Manganese deposits are characteristically associated with erosion surfaces cut across early Proterozoic carbonate formations both in South Africa and in Western Australia. Apparently the paleoatmosphere some 2,200 to 2,300 m.y. ago contained enough oxygen to oxidize (and fix on the unconformity) both Mn and Fe that had previously been held in divalent form in carbonate minerals.

Erosion surfaces that cut across iron-formations are commonly mantled by iron-formation clast conglomerates. These conglomerates are sometimes enriched, presumably by paleoground water, to high-grade, conglomerate-textured hematite ore.

The vast period of geologic time represented by unconformities was probably the most potent factor in mineral concentration. Given time, normal geologic processes can achieve a high degree of concentration of minerals. Other important factors identified include paleotopography (due to differential erosion), solution by (and precipitation from) paleoground water, biological action, and porosity contrasts adjacent to unconformities. Continued study of Precambrian paleoweathering and erosion surfaces promises to be an exceptionally fertile field for research, both in mineral deposits science, and in advancing our understanding of the fundamental questions of terrestrial atmospheric-hydrospheric evolution.
Well Logging and Borehole Geophysics in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Glenn William E. , Hohmann Gerald W.
Published: May 2021

Both well logging and borehole geophysics are assuming greater importance in mineral exploration and development as targets become deeper, as drilling costs increase, and as solution mining becomes necessary. Resistivity and induced polarization are the most important logs in base metal applications because they can be used to estimate sulfide content and to aid interpretation of surface surveys. Natural gamma-ray logs are used extensively to estimate uranium content; a recently developed cryogenic logging tool measures an early daughter product of uranium in order to avoid disequilibrium problems. Other logging tools, usually used in combination, provide information on physical properties such as fracturing, density, and porosity, which are important for solution mining, and on potassium, magnetite, sulfide, and chemically bound water content. Borehole assaying with neutron activation is a promising area of current research. Borehole geophysical techniques such as mise a la masse, induced polarization, resistivity, and electromagnetics greatly increase, at little additional cost, the amount of information derived from a drill hole.
NULLITY DISTRIBUTION ON THE TANGENT BUNDLE OF A RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLD
Authors: LIM WEE-KEONG
Published: May 2021

The nullity distribution on the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold is studied. The vetical and complete lifts of a vector fileld belonging to the nullity distribution on the base manifold are show to be in the nullity distribution on the tangent bundle. Under certain regularity assumption, the dimension of the nullity distribution on the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold is found to be twice that of the nullity distribution on the base manifold.
UNIVERSITY MUSEUMS: MUSEUMS AT
UNIVERSITIES. GUARDIANS OF ACADEMIC
HERITAGE, IN THE LIGHT OF LEGAL
REGULATIONS AND PRAXIS
Authors: Saszkiewicz Marta , Ślaga Joanna
Published: May 2021

Establishing and organising university museums
at higher-education institutions demonstrates an increased
interest in the history of the given institution, its bonds
with the region, yet first and foremost it points to the
need to preserve traces of academic heritage constituting
an important component of national heritage. To-date,
university museums in Poland have been dedicated neither
an unequivocal definition, nor specific legal regulations.
These organizations are characterized by differentiated
management modes, formulation of goals, as well as varied
policies of amassing collections. An attempt at defining
university museums and their legal status, as well as their
positioning in tertiary-education institutions’ structure has
been made. Moreover, the nuances resulting from the failure
to have included university museums in the Act on Museums
of 21 November 1996 have been clarified. Additionally, a list
of university museums for 2020, put together as a result of
the research conducted by the paper’s Authors and based on
the documents available in the archive of the Association of
University Museums (SMU), has been presented.