bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Potential of Redox‐Active Copper Complexes in Thin Films via Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Malik Ankur , Sachan Pradeep , Ghoshal Abhik , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh K. , Mena Leandro D. , Mondal Prakash Chandra
Published: December 2024

Nanoscale redox‐active molecular films are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage applications due to their ability to facilitate long‐range charge transport. However, establishing stable and efficient electrode‐molecule interfaces remains a critical challenge. In this study, the properties of redox‐active copper‐polypyridyl thin films covalently bonded to graphite rods are explored, investigating their potential as supercapacitors. Using an electrochemical grafting method, robust covalent interfaces are created, resulting in copper‐polypyridyl films prepared on graphite rods and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, exhibiting both Cu(II) and Cu(I) redox states. These redox‐active mettalo‐oligomeric films demonstrate a structural transition between octahedral and tetrahedral geometries around the Cu(II), and Cu(I), respectively contributing to their charge storage capabilities. The combination of an electrical double‐layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance through Faradaic charge transfer is evaluated in different acidic electrolytes, showing significant capacitance enhancement. Notably, proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) at free pyridine‐N sites in Cu(I) polypyridyl complex is identified as a key factor in their distinct behavior in aqueous solutions, a finding supported by computational studies. This study shows the potential of binder‐free thin films for efficient supercapacitor applications, with a maximum areal capacitance of 6.8 mF cm⁻2 in aqueous media, representing an 1840% improvement over bare graphite rods.
Electrostatically Induced Non‐Uniform Surface Charges Enhancing HCHO Catalytic Oxidation Based on Elastic Sponge Catalyst
Authors: Zheng Jia Yu , Liu Changxin , Han Chang Bao , Fang De Cai , Zhao Wen Kang , Sun Yanuo , Mu Yajuan , Yan Hui
Published: December 2024

Transition metal oxide shows great potential in catalytic formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution degradation at room temperature, while it is still difficult to overcome the efficiency attenuation caused by limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during catalysis. An elastic spongy catalyst with Cu‐modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) organic skeleton (PDMS@Cu) supported hydroxy‐modified MnOx (MnOx‐OH) is prepared hereon, named PDMS@Cu/MnOx‐OH. Deformation of the elastic carrier causes the contact‐separation friction between Cu and PDMS to generate electrostatically induced nonuniform charges, which provide enriched electrons and transient electric field (EF) to enhance ROS generation and HCHO catalytic oxidation. In HCHO dynamic tests (∼12 ppm at the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 120 000 mL gcat.−1 h), the catalyst PDMS@Cu/MnOx‐OH achieved ∼100% HCHO removal efficiency, with an HCHO‐to‐CO2 conversion efficiency of 82.47%, which is 32.47% higher than that without non‐uniform electrostatic charges, and sustained complete real‐time HCHO degradation within 24 h at room temperature. Coupled with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and COMSOL physics simulations, the potential pathway of nonuniform surface charges and transient EF enhancing HCHO catalytic oxidation is unveiled, offering a theoretical foundation and novel strategy for efficient and long‐term indoor pollutant degradation under the action of sustainably electrostatically induced charges.
Boosting Negative Thermopower of Chitosan Hydrogel via Bio‐Inspired Anisotropic Porous Structure
Authors: Sun Xiaohan , Zhang Miaoqian , Qi Haisong , Chen Pan , Zhang Jipeng , Lu Ang
Published: December 2024

Thermoelectric materials, as key materials for realizing efficient conversion of thermal and electrical energy, are crucial for renewable energy utilization and efficient energy management. However, materials with high negative thermoelectric coefficients are relatively rare. Herein, inspired by the structure and function of plant stem which is capable of blocking heavy metal ions, chitosan/CuCl2 hydrogel (ChCu) with a huge negative thermoelectric coefficient is reported. The ChCu displayed lamellar porous structure, which is constructed synergistically by freeze‐casting technique and complexation between Cu2+ and chitosan. In a ChCu hydrogel subjected to a temperature gradient, most of the Cu2+ is immobilized within the chitosan matrix by complexation, while the thermal migration of the unbound Cu2+ is further intercepted by the special layered porous structure. On the contrary, Cl− migrates unhindered to the cold end and accumulates, which realizes selective migration and distribution of ion/counterion. As a result, ChCu exhibits a thermoelectric coefficient as high as ‐23.8 mV K−1, and can respond rapidly with a thermal voltage of 4.0 mV under a small temperature difference (ΔT = 0.3 K). This work reveals the significant influence of the polymer aggregate structure on the thermal diffusion of ions, providing an innovative strategy in designating thermoelectric materials with high‐performance, high‐efficiency and environmentally friendly.
MOF‐Based Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane for Promoting Osteogenesis by Regulating Bone Microenvironment through Cascade Effects
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Xie Yajuan , Zhang Yunfan , Sun Yuqi , Wang Yuanbo , Han Bing , Jiang Xin , Wang Bo
Published: December 2024

Regulation of bone microenvironment (BME) including innate pH values and metal ions affects cellular functions and activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby significantly influencing the process of bone regeneration. How to achieve multiple effective regulations of the BME through cascade effects via facile material design and fabrication to significantly facilitate osteogenesis remains a challenge. Herein, a facilely‐designed resorbable guided bone regeneration membrane (PCL/DEX@Ca‐Zol) based on a drug‐loaded metal‐organic framework is reported. Thereinto, calcium ions, zoledronic acid, and dexamethasone embedded in the membrane can be responsively released specifically inside bone defect in an acid‐triggered manner to synergistically regulate BME by neutralization of pH value, enhancement of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, and inhibition of osteoclasts in one‐go. Along with polycaprolactone as a structural support in the membrane for bone regeneration with fully utilized components of the composite membrane material, enhances bone regeneration with minimized side effects is accordingly achieved with the assistance of effective modulation of BME through multiple cascade effects.
Segmented, Side‐Emitting Hydrogel Optical Fibers for Multimaterial Extrusion Printing
Authors: Kafrashian Zahra , Brück Stefan , Rogin Peter , Khamdan Mokhamad , Farrukh Hafiz Syed Usama Bin , Pearson Samuel , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: December 2024

Side‐emitting optical fibers allow light to be deliberately outcoupled along the fiber. Introducing a customized side‐emission profile requires modulation of the guiding and emitting properties along the fiber length, which is a particular challenge in continuous processing of soft waveguides. In this work, it is demonstrated that multimaterial extrusion printing can generate hydrogel optical fibers with tailored segments for light‐side emission. The fibers are based on diacrylated Pluronic F‐127 (PluDA). 1 mm diameter fibers are printed with segments of different optical properties by switching between a PluDA waveguiding ink and a PluDA scattering ink containing nanoparticles. The method allows the fabrication of fibers with segment lengths below 500 microns in a continuous process. The length of the segments is tailored by varying the switching time between inks during printing. Fibers with customized side‐emission profiles along their length are presented. The functionality of the printed fibers is demonstrated by exciting fluorescence inside a surrounding 3D hydrogel. The presented technology and material combination allow unprecedented flexibility for designing soft optical fibers with customizable optical properties using simple processes and a medical material. This approach can be of interest to improve illumination inside tissues for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Poly(Amino Acid) LbL Multilayers With Embedded Silver and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Antibacterial Coatings
Authors: Milisav Ana‐Marija , Sotelo Lamborghini , Cantallops‐Vilà Cristina , Fontanot Tommaso , Erceg Ina , Bojanić Krunoslav , Vuletić Tomislav , Fiket Željka , Ivanić Maja , Christiansen Silke , Meurice Edwige , Dutour Sikirić Maja
Published: December 2024

The growing concern over implant‐associated infections motivates the development of novel antibacterial coatings for medical devices as an effective strategy in reducing the occurrence of IAI. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) incorporating metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) as antimicrobial components receive special attention for their ability to coat diverse surface types and low potential to induce antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the potential of poly(amino acid) multilayers consisting of poly‐L‐lysine and poly‐L‐glutamic acid with embedded silver (PEMAg) or copper oxide (PEMCuO) deposited on titanium surfaces for the coating of medical surfaces. The results of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, scanning electron microscopy, and electron dispersive spectroscopy show that both types of NPs are successfully incorporated in the PEM and deposited over the entire coated surface. The incorporation of NPs in PEM prevents the burst release. The viability of MG‐63 cells is higher than 70% on all investigated PEMs, confirming their biocompatibility. PEMCuO shows better biofilm prevention compared to PEMAg, entirely preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and allowing the formation of only weak Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The results obtained confirm the high potential of poly(amino acids) multilayers with embedded metal/metal oxide NPs as biocompatible antimicrobial coatings for medical devices.
Photocatalytic Radical Sulfonamidation/Cyclization Cascade Towards Sulfonaminated Dihydrofurans and Dihydroisoxazoles
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Sheng Yuqiong , Mou Qianwen , Xie Xiaolan , Lv Fengjiao
Published: December 2024

A general visible light induced photoredox‐catalyzed radical sulfonamidation/cyclization cascade of olefinic carbonyls and β,γ‐unsaturated oximes is described under mild and metal‐free conditions. The protocol enables an efficient access to various sulfonaminated dihydrofurans and dihydroisoxazoles with moderate to good yields.
Progress and Prospects of Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolyte‐Based All‐Solid‐State Li–S Batteries
Authors: Liu Tong , Liu Ronghui , Lu Chengxing , Song Wenjia
Published: December 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs), a promising alternative to liquid lithium–sulfur batteries, are expected to alleviate the shuttle effect, reduce material loss, and achieve a compact structure. However, ASSLSBs face challenges in ionic conductivity and stability of solid electrolytes, optimization of sulfur cathodes, and electrolyte/electrode interfaces. This review summarizes recent research progress and strategies addressing these issues, focusing on oxide and sulfide‐based electrolytes. Furthermore, it emphasizes the crucial role of rational optimization of sulfur cathode materials in composition, structure, and microstructure for constructing efficient ion/electron transport networks, and explores methods to solve chemical/electrochemical and physical interface issues. Additionally, it addresses challenges associated with the lithium anode and its interface problems, covering strategies, such as lithium alloy formation, 3D electrode architecture, and interfacial buffer layer implementation. These approaches aim to enhance the stability and performance of the lithium anode in ASSLSBs. Finally, this review highlights the significance of in situ characterization techniques for revealing reaction mechanisms, providing insights into phase composition, elemental chemical states, and dynamic structural transformations within the batteries, crucial for developing high‐performance ASSLSBs.
A Smart Nanomedicine Unleashes a Dual Assault of Glucose Starvation and Cuproptosis to Supercharge αPD‐L1 Therapy
Authors: Xu Yiming , Wu Yuan , Zheng Xinjie , Wang Dongxue , Ni Hangqi , Chen Weiyu , Wang Kai
Published: December 2024

Combination therapy has become a promising strategy for promoting the outcomes of anti‐programmed death ligand‐1 (αPD‐L1) therapy in lung cancer. Among all, emerging strategies targeting cancer metabolism have shown great potency in treating cancers with immunotherapy. Here, alteration in glucose and copper metabolisms is found to synergistically regulate PD‐L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Thus, an intelligent biomimetic nano‐delivery system is synthesized by camouflaging lung cancer cell membranes onto glucose oxidase‐loaded Cu‐LDHs (CMGCL) for cancer metabolism targeted interference. Such novel nanomedicine is able to induce lung cancer cell cuproptosis and PD‐L1 upregulation significantly via self‐amplified cascade reactions. Meanwhile, with a decent cancer cell membrane coating, CMGCL exhibited great biosafety, tumor‐targeted efficiency and anti‐tumor effects in LLC lung tumor‐bearing mice models. Additionally, a combination of CMGCL can sensitize the therapeutic effects of αPD‐L1, substantially promoting tumor inhibition in both subcutaneous and lung metastasis LLC‐bearing mice models. Overall, these findings highlight the potential connections between glucose metabolism and cell cuproptosis, offering a promising approach for treating lung cancer by integrating starvation, cuproptosis, and immunotherapy.
Electro‐Optical InGaZnO Synaptic Transistor with Solid State Electrolyte for Pain Perception
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Ji Xingqi , Yin Xuemei , Ding Zijian , Wang Ning , Li Yuxiang , Zhang Jiawei , Xin Qian , Song Aimin
Published: December 2024

Integrating pain perception into wearable electronics or humanoid robots within artificial neuromorphic systems is highly desirable, as it allows for the identification of harmful stimuli and the generation of appropriate responses. In this study, flexible pain perception synaptic transistors is developed based on solid state ionic‐liquid‐cross‐linking‐poly (4‐vinylphenol) (IL‐c‐PVP) electrolyte and IGZO channel with excellent electrical and photoelectric performances. Typical transistor synaptic plasticity, such as paired pulse facilitation, short‐term memory, and long‐term potentiation, is realized with the electrolyte comprising 40% ionic liquid, featuring a large electric‐double‐layer capacitance of 0.65 µF cm−2 at 20 Hz. In addition, due to the low ion mobility and large capacity of the electrolyte, alongside the persistent photoconductivity to UV light and the high electron carrier mobility of the IGZO, the fabricated synaptic transistors demonstrated excellent pain perception capabilities, including pain threshold, peripheral sensitization, desensitization and central regulation in response to both electrical and optical stimuli with ultralow energy consumption (≈1.3 fJ per event) and desirable mechanical flexibility. Moreover, classical Pavlovian pain conditioning is successfully simulated through electro‐optical co‐modulation, and visual imaging in the curved state is demonstrated, highlighting the potential applications of these synaptic transistors in biomimetic nervous systems.
Enhancing Recoverable Bendability of Ag2Te‐Based Thermoelectrics by Elastic Strain Manipulation
Authors: Fan Zimin , Ding Wenjun , Shen Xinyi , Luo Jun , Li Wen , Pei Yanzhong
Published: December 2024

Inherent rigidity of high‐performing inorganic thermoelectric materials constrains their potential applications as flexible power sources for the wearable electronics. Deformation within the elastic region ensures the reservation of a material's initial functionalities, motivating the current work to focus on the elasticity enhancement of Ag2Te thermoelectric. Ag2S‐alloying results in an observable reduction in the modulus of Ag2Te1‐xSx alloys (x ≤ 0.3), which thereby enables not only a great increase in the elastic strain but also a significant plasticization of the alloys, allowing the plastic deformability by the rolling at a temperature of ≈120 °C. Such a plastic deformation‐induced improvement in yield strength leads to a further improvement of the elastic strain up to 1.8%, corresponding to ≈200% enhancements as compared to pristine Ag2Te (≈0.6%). Eventually, the multi‐pass hot‐rolled Ag2Te0.9S0.1 film achieves a full recoverability in transport properties even after elastic bending within a tiny radius of ≈3 mm for 100 000 times and a power density as high as ≈25 W m−2 in six‐leg device. This work robustly demonstrates a universal strategy to advance the recoverable bendability of inorganic thermoelectric materials for flexible applications.
Designing Zwitterionic Bottlebrush Polymers to Enable Long‐Cycling Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Shimei , Hong Hu , Li Dedi , Yang Xinru , Wang Shixun , Zhang Dechao , Xiong Qi , Huang Zhaodong , Zhi Chunyi
Published: December 2024

Ionogel polymer electrolyte (IPE), incorporating ionic liquid (IL) within a polymer matrix, presents a promising avenue for safe quasi‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. However, sluggish Li+ kinetics, resulting from the formation of [Li(anion)n]−(n−1) clusters and the occupation of Li+ transport sites by organic cations, limit their practical applications. In this study, we have developed zwitterionic bottlebrush polymers‐based IPE with promoted Li+ conduction by employing poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)‐grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVC‐g‐PSBMA) bottlebrushes as matrices of IL. The grafted zwitterionic side chains greatly facilitate the dissociation of [Li(anion)n]−(n−1) clusters to produce more movable Li+. Moreover, the positively charged −NR4+ groups in zwitterionic side chains effectively restrain anions migration, while the negatively charged −SO3− groups immobilize IL cations, preventing them from occupying Li+ hopping sites and reducing the energy barrier for Li+ migration. These synergistic effects contribute to a notable ionic conductivity (7.5×10−4 S cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.62) of PVC‐g‐PSBMA IPE at 25 °C. As a result, PVC‐g‐PSBMA IPE enables ultralong‐term (over 6500 h) reversible and stable Li plating/stripping in Li||Li symmetric cells. Remarkably, the assembled Li||LiFePO4 full batteries demonstrate unprecedented cycling stability of more than 2000 cycles with a superior capacity retention of 93.7 %.
Energy‐Level Alignment at TiO2@NH2‐MIL‐125 Interface for High‐Performance Gas Sensing
Authors: Deng Wei‐Hua , Zhang Min‐Yi , Li Chun‐Sen , Yao Ming‐Shui , Xu Gang
Published: December 2024

Metal oxide (MO)‐based chemiresistive sensors have great potential in environmental monitoring, security protection, and disease diagnosis. However, the thermally activated sensing mechanism in pristine MOs leads to high working temperature and poor selectivity, which are the main challenges impeding practical applications. Precise modulation of the band structure at the heterojunction interfaces of MOs offers the opportunity to unlock unique electrical and optical properties, enabling us to overcome these challenges. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with tunable structures are promising materials for aligning the energy levels at the heterojunctions of MOs. Herein, we report the energy‐level structural engineering of MO@MOF heterojunctions to optimize chemiresistive sensing performance. The interface was flexibly modulated from a straddling gap to a staggered gap by ‐NH2 functionalization of TiO2@(NH2)x‐MIL‐125, varying x from 0 to 1 and 2, respectively. TiO2@(NH2)x‐MIL‐125 combines the advantages of MOs and MOFs to synergistically improve gas‐sensing properties. As a result, TiO2@NH2‐MIL‐125 is the first light‐activated material to detect NO2 at 1 ppb with a response time of < 0.3 min at room temperature. It also exhibited excellent selectivity and long‐term stability. Our study underscores the potential of energy band engineering in creating high‐performance sensors, offering a strategy to overcome current material limits.
Sabatier Optimal of Mn‐N4 Single Atom Catalysts for Selective Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Ye Hanfeng , Xing Wandong , Zhao Fei , Wang Jiali , Yang Can , Hou Yidong , Zhang Jinshui , Yu Jimmy C. , Wang Xinchen
Published: December 2024

Understanding the relationship of competitive adsorption between reactants is the prerequisite for high activity and selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis, especially the difference between the adsorption energies (Eads) of two reactive intermediates in Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L−H) models. Using oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S‐ODH) as a probe, we develop various metal single atoms on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐NDC) catalysts for controlling Eads‐H2S, Eads‐O2 and investigating the difference in activity and selectivity. Combining theoretical and experimental results, a Sabatier relationship between the catalytic performance and Eads‐O2/Eads‐H2S emerges. Mn‐NDC as the optimal catalyst shows excellent H2S conversion (>90 %) and sulfur selectivity (>90 %) in a wide range of O2 concentrations over 100 h. Such a high‐efficiency performance is attributed to appropriate Eads‐H2S and Eads‐O2 on Mn‐N4 sites, boosting redox cycle between Mn2+ and Mn3+, as well as preferential formation of sulfur. This work provides a fundamental guidance for designing Sabatier optimal catalysts in L−H models.
Nachahmung des CO2‐gebundenen Zustands der [Ni,Fe]‐CO‐Dehydrogenase
Authors: Wolff Siad , Hofmann Arne , Krause Konstantin B. , Weisser Kilian , Cula Beatrice , Lohmiller Thomas , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian
Published: December 2024

Komplexe mit einem doppelt reduzierten CO22−‐Liganden (Carbonit), koordiniert zwischen einem Nickel(II)‐Zentrum und einem Übergangsmetall(II)‐Ion (ÜM=Fe, Co, Zn), wurden untersucht. In nicht‐koordinierenden Lösemitteln zeigt der Carbonit‐Ligand ein flexibles Koordinationsverhalten, das mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie und DFT‐Berechnungen untersucht wurde. Speziell der [Ni‐CO2‐Fe]‐Vertreter repliziert in vielerlei Hinsicht das entsprechende Intermediat, das während der CO2‐Umwandlung durch das Enzym [Ni,Fe]‐CODH auftritt (Struktur, spektroskopische Eigenschaften, Reaktivität). Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Übergangsmetall‐Ionen das Reduktionspotenzial der Carbonit‐Einheit verringern, jedoch deren Tendenz zur C−O‐Bindungs‐Spaltung erhöhen. Dies könnte die Wahl des Eisen(II)‐Ions anstelle von s‐ oder p‐Block‐basierten Lewis‐Säuren als Teil des aktiven Zentrums der CODH erklären.
Host‐in‐Host Complexation: Activating Classical Hosts through Complete Encapsulation within an M9L6 Coordination Cage
Authors: Iizuka Kenta , Takezawa Hiroki , Fujita Makoto
Published: December 2024

This study reports a method for enhancing the functions and properties of traditional organic macrocyclic hosts by fully encapsulating them within a large M9L6 cage to form host‐in‐host complexes. Within the cage host, the macrocyclic organic hosts with electron‐rich aromatic rings, such as cyclotriveratrylene and calix[8]arene, adopt specific orientations enhancing their inherent molecular recognition abilities. Due to the high crystallinity of the M9L6 cage, the guest encapsulation behavior of the host‐in‐host complexes can be observed by X‐ray structural analysis.
Two voices in harmony: A creative family‐led intervention post domestic and family violence
Authors: McVeigh Mary Jo
Published: December 2024

Mothers who experience DFV are often at risk of being epistemically harmed by professional discourses that are mother‐blaming because professionals often overburden them with unrealistic expectations of protecting their children. In addition, children and young people who experience DFV are frequently at risk of being subjected to epistemic injustice by professional discourses that negate them as knowledge generators. Added to this tangle of epistemic misplacement is the wedge that perpetrators drive between mothers and children so they both cannot see each other survivance wisdom and connection to each other. Family‐inclusive/lead therapy that epistemically privileges mothers' and children's survivance wisdom can repair the damage done to them as knowledge generators and to their relationships. This article describes an example of nondeliberative work that highlights family‐inclusive/lead therapy has a place in family intervention post‐DFV.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Highly Diversified Pyrazole C‐3/4/5 Tethered 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and Their Photophysical Assessment
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Vaishali  , Devi Nisha , Singh Virender
Published: December 2024

A robust, metal‐free and K2CO3‐mediated method has been developed to access highly diversified pyrazole C‐3/4/5 linked 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives through the formation of C−O/C−N bonds in a one‐pot operation. This domino methodology was facilitated by utilizing pyrazole C‐3/4/5 carbaldehydes and benzohydrazides as starting substrates to generate the interesting molecular hybrids with high yields. The photophysical properties were also evaluated of the synthesized derivatives and exhibited good results with more than seven parameters. The fluorescence quantum yield of the pyrazole based 1,3,4‐oxadiazole was reached up to 75 %. The salient features of this approach are diversity‐oriented synthesis, metal‐free strategy, high yields and superior atom economy.
Structure and dynamics of anxiety in people with ASD and ID: A network analysis
Authors: Sáez‐Suanes Gema P.
Published: December 2024

Anxiety is a very common mental health disorder in the ASD population. Despite the common comorbidity this association is not well understood. To understand the relationship between anxiety symptoms and ASD in a sample of people with ASD and intellectual disability, a network analysis was carried out. One hundred and twenty‐eight adults (M = 36.63 age, SD = 8,54) were evaluated to know the structure of anxiety symptoms in autism and their relationship with ASD symptomatology. The results showed a single network where both symptomatologies were mixed. Bridging symptoms such as fear of being touched, fear of something bad happening to them, and the need for invariance and anticipation were identified. Moreover, social issues such as difficulty in making friends were associated with anxiety symptoms. Knowing and identifying ASD symptoms that are strongly linked to the anxiety network has important implications for the prevention of anxiety in this case in people with autism and intellectual disabilities.
Fabrication of a Random Laser by Embedding Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Nonmetallic Host Media
Authors: Naji Noor E. , Aljubouri Ali A. , Ismail Raid A.
Published: December 2024

In this work, a simple, low‐cost method for fabricating random gain media from Rhodamine B dye solution containing highly‐pure CuO nanoparticles in transparent resin hosts is proposed. The spectroscopic characteristics of the dye solution samples were investigated with varying dye concentrations, along with nanoparticles of different particle sizes and concentrations. The fabricated samples were excited using two laser sources (405 and 530 nm) to record the fluorescence spectra. Our findings indicate that nanoparticles ranging in size from 15 to 78 nm may not have a significant impact on the fluorescence intensity or the peak wavelength at which maximum fluorescence occurs. Additionally, the fluorescence peak width, centered around 595 nm showed minimal sensitivity to the variation in particle size. The optimal concentration of nanoparticles in the dye solution was determined based on the optimum values of scattering spectral width and anisotropy parameter. Subsequently, the gain coefficient was calculated and correlated with these two parameters. It was found that the samples with the highest fluorescence intensity can be achieved using dye dissolved in transparent resin at a molar concentration of 5 × 10−5 M, containing 0.03–0.04 mg of CuO nanoparticles with a particle size of 78 nm.
Involvement of CN Sites in Solvothermally Engineered Metal‐Free Carbon Material From Weed Lantana camara for the Detection of Mercury Ions: Experimental and DFT Insights
Authors: Sahil  , Soni Abhishek , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh , Singh Raghubir , Gupta Neeraj
Published: December 2024

Embarking on a journey to decipher the role of active sites in the detection and removal of toxic mercury(II) ions from polluted water, the surface of thermally engineered biomass derived carbon matrix NC‐180 was customized with nitrogen atoms. The HR‐TEM and XRD analyses revealed the amorphous nature of Lantana camara derived carbon material with small spherical flakes embedded in it. XPS analysis indicated the presence of pyrrolic, pyridinic, and graphitic N atoms, which was further confirmed by FT‐IR analysis. The material shows quenching effect in presence of Hg2+ ions resulting in the “turn off” effect with a detection limit of 7.2 nM. The activity of NC‐180 was recovered through “turn on” effect in the presence of L‐cysteine. Furthermore, the mystery of binding of mercury(II) ions with N‐sites is clarified through its comparison with other materials bearing sulfur and oxygen functional groups designated as AC‐180, SC‐180, and NSC‐180. The conclusive evidence for efficient binding of nitrogen sites in NC‐180 with mercury(II) ions is derived from various analyses, including 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR, XPS, and density functional theory. Notably, sustainability is achieved through utilization of toxic weed L. camara for the preparation of this selective carbon material for detection and adsorption of mercury(II) ions.
The Role of Sustainability Performance on Financial Resilience During Crisis
Authors: Mita Aria Farah , Widyawati Luluk , Azhar Zubir
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between sustainability performance (which is proxied by ESG score) and a firm's financial resilience in crisis conditions. This study is triggered in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic as a global crisis setting. By focusing on five ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, this study argues that companies with higher ESG performance will be more financially resilient during a crisis. This study uses several measurements of the company's financial resilience, both measures that utilize share prices and financial ratios from financial statements. The results show that ESG performance is negatively associated with financial resilience. ESG performance is considered less valuable during a crisis because ESG activities consume the company's financial resources. It implies that survival is more important than sustainability during times of crisis. ESG performance is considered to consume a company's financial resources in times of crisis.
Homogeneous Copper Catalysts for Hydrogenation and Hydrofunctionalization of Carbonyl Compounds, CO2, C═C Bonds, and Alkynes
Authors: Garduño Jorge A. , García Juventino J.
Published: December 2024

Homogeneous hydrogenations and hydrofunctionalizations of carbon–oxygen and carbon–carbon bonds with copper catalysts are reviewed herein. The title literature revision covers mostly contributions made over the last decade on hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, alkenes, alkynes, and CO2, as well as hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydroamination, hydroallylation, hydroalkylation, hydrocarboxylation, or hydrocarbonylation of either alkenes, alkynes, allenes, carbonyl compounds, or CO2. This contribution features well‐defined copper catalytic precursors as well as mixtures of various copper sources, either Cu(I) or Cu(II) salts, and ligands for in situ formation of the catalytic systems. Asymmetric copper catalysis is also highlighted in several kinds of transformations throughout this review.
Synergy of soft and hard regulations in climate governance: The impact of state policies on local climate mitigation actions
Authors: Liao Lu
Published: December 2024

Soft regulations refer to a wide range of quasi‐legal instruments enforced through non‐binding and less coercive mechanisms. They are becoming increasingly vital in environmental governance for addressing complex issues across multilevel government authorities. However, the impact of sub‐national state soft regulations on local governments has not received adequate scholarly attention. In this study, we compile a novel dataset of U.S. local government climate mitigation actions and state‐level climate policies from various sources. We test how state climate action plans—primary examples of soft regulation—along with four other state‐level hard regulations, influence local governments' climate mitigation actions. Our findings reveal that, while state climate action plans do not directly drive local governments' specific climate mitigation actions, they play significant roles in motivating local goal setting. In contrast, hard regulations, such as state policies that directly target CO₂ emissions, not only stimulate local goal setting on climate change but also promote direct climate mitigation actions. Moreover, our results demonstrate the interactive effect of soft and hard regulations in fostering intergovernmental collaboration on climate change.
Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Pinus mugo Turra Essential Oil: Volatile Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Insecticidal Activities
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Vukic Milena , Čmiková Natália , Bianchi Alessandro , Garzoli Stefania , Saad Rania Ben , Hsouna Anis Ben , Kluz Maciej Ireneusz , Waszkiewicz‐Robak Bożena , Branković Jovica , Vukovic Nenad
Published: December 2024

Pinus represents a potential source of valuable bioactive substances. In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils extracted from Pinus mugo Turra needles (PMEO) were investigated. GC/MS analyses were used to assess the volatile elements found in the PMEO sample. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS techniques. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated against yeasts and bacteria (both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative) using the disc diffusion method, minimal inhibition concentration and vapour phase on fruit and vegetable models. Mass spectrometry and the crystal violet technique were used to measure the antibiofilm activity. The contact application method was used to assess the insecticidal activity of different concentration of PMEO against Harmonia axyridis. The GC/MS analysis identified β‐phellandrene (20.5%), α‐pinene (19.4%), δ‐3‐carene (16.7%), β‐pinene (11.1%) and β‐myrcene (9.4%) as main constituents. PMEO exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radical species, with IC50 values of 1.92 and 1.14 mg/mL, respectively. PMEO showed an inhibitory effect against microbial strains ranging from 6.67 to 13.33 mm. By employing the microdilution method, PMEO showed antimicrobial activity with MIC50 values ranging from 2.52 to 7.41 mg/mL and MIC90 values ranging from 2.72 to 7.7 mg/mL. The in situ antimicrobial investigations revealed that PMEO exerts the highest activity against E. aerogenes and P. putida on apple and beetroot models. Furthermore, PMEO exhibited noteworthy potential against biofilm‐forming S. enterica growing on plastic and glass surfaces. Additionally, an evaluation of the PMEO insecticidal potential was performed using H. axyridis. Insecticidal properties against H. axyridis were observed at concentrations of 50% and 100%. PMEO displayed good antioxidant, antibacterial and insecticidal properties, significant antibiofilm features and excellent preservative properties for extending the shelf life of foods.
Exosomal miR‐20b‐5p Induces EMT and Enhances Progression in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Via TGFBR2 Downregulation
Authors: Ma Hui , Jiang Bo , Ren Qiu , Sun Yajiao , Wang Mengyao , Xia Siyu , Wang Dong , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

The mechanism by which specific miRNAs in NSCLC exosomes regulate NSCLC progression remains unclear. First, exosomes were isolated and identified. Exosomes were labeled with PKH26 for cell tracking studies. Subsequently, BEAS‐2B cells and BEAS‐2B cell exosomes were transfected with miR‐20b‐5p mimics or miR‐20b‐5p inhibitors, and cell proliferation was measured by EdU and CCK‐8. cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing tests and Transwell. The potential target of miR‐20b‐5p was predicted and verified by luciferase assay. Relative expression levels of miR‐20b‐5p and TGFBR2 were detected by qRT‐PCR. Protein expression level was detected by Western blot. In addition, A549 cell exosomes were injected into mice through the tail vein and the pathological changes of lung tissue were detected by HE staining. Expression levels of E‐cadherin and Vimentin in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results also showed that high levels of miR‐20b‐5p in exosomes generated from NSCLC cells conceivably enter the cytoplasm of their own cells and by downregulating TGFBR2, accelerate NSCLC invasion, migration and EMT while promoting NSCLC cell proliferation. Exosome analysis using clinical plasma specimens revealed that miR‐20b‐5p expression was considerably improved in exosomes from NSCLC patients compared with those from healthy controls. In vitro and in vivo, exosomes with high levels of miR‐20b‐5p were linked to the progression of NSCLC. Our data suggest that exosomes with high levels of miR‐20b‐5p can increase development and metastasis of NSCLC cells by downregulating TGFBR2, which would serve as a predictive and diagnostic marker for NSCLC.
Oxidative stress and apoptosis of the spinal cord in a rat model of retinoic acid‐induced neural tube defects
Authors: Wu Peng , Shen Nan , Feng Shaoguang , Liu Weiguang , Wang Jun , Wang Chen
Published: December 2024

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies that significantly impact the central nervous system, arising from the neural tube's failure to close during early embryogenesis. In this study, we investigated NTDs and associated pathophysiological mechanisms in foetal rats following exposure to all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA). Out of 168 embryos from 15 pregnant rats in the experimental group, 78% displayed NTDs with notable spinal deformities, primarily in the lumbar‐sacral region, similar to human cases. Body weight and crown‐rump length (CRL) measurements indicated significant growth impairment in the NTD group compared to controls, while the atRA‐treated group without NTDs showed no notable differences in growth. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results demonstrated decreased NeuN and PCNA expression in the NTD group's spinal cord. Oxidative stress markers showed markedly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐px) activity, alongside increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the NTD group, indicating heightened oxidative stress. Analysis of apoptosis‐related proteins revealed elevated Bax and caspase‐3 levels, reduced Bcl‐2 and lower poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the NTD group, suggesting a pronounced shift towards proapoptotic pathways, potentially contributing to NTD progression. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress and apoptosis play significant roles in the development of NTDs. Future investigations should aim to pinpoint critical regulatory genes or proteins that might be targeted for therapeutic interventions to alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis in NTD development.
Hybrid Versus Conventional Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Laterally Spreading Tumors (LSTs): A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Hongxia , Hong Yiping , Yao Linhua , Ji Xia , Chen Dan , Tao Maogen , Yan Huihui , Chen Jiamin , Wang Lingling , Xu Liyi , Wang Leilei , Luo Erfei , Cai Jianting , Wei Wei
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an established treatment for laterally spreading tumors (LSTs). Hybrid ESD, a novel technique, is gaining popularity for colorectal neoplasms. This study aimed to compare hybrid ESD with conventional ESD for treating LSTs.

Methods

Data from patients with colorectal LSTs ≥ 10 mm who underwent ESD at six centers from May 2020 to April 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The study assessed baseline characteristics, hospitalization costs, and outcomes (operative time, R0 resection rate, complications).

Results

890 patients were included: 490 underwent conventional ESD and 400 hybrid ESD. Hybrid ESD showed significantly shorter procedure times and lower hospitalization costs compared to conventional ESD. However, the R0 resection rate and lifting sign positivity were lower with hybrid ESD. Subgroup analysis indicated potential cost savings and shorter operative times for lesions 10–30 mm with hybrid ESD, without compromising R0 resection rates. For lesions ≥ 30 mm, hybrid ESD had lower R0 resection rates despite cost savings.

Conclusion

Hybrid ESD offers a viable alternative to conventional ESD for LSTs sized 10–30 mm, reducing procedure duration and costs while ensuring R0 resection.
Novel anticoagulation therapy using apple watch after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation—Up to AF trial: Design and rationale
Authors: Sunaga Akihiro , Tanaka Nobuaki , Egami Yasuyuki , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Oka Takafumi , Kawasaki Masato , Inoue Koichi , Masuda Masaharu , Miyoshi Miwa , Makino Nobuhiko , Watanabe Tetsuya , Nakatani Daisaku , Okada Katsuki , Kida Hirota , Matsuoka Yuki , Sakamoto Daisuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Yamada Tomomi , Sotomi Yohei , Sakata Yasushi ,   the OCVC‐Arrhythmia Investigators
Published: December 2024

Background

Continuous anticoagulation based on the CHA2DS2‐VASc score is recommended to prevent embolism caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), but it does not consider AF episodes. The Apple Watch's continuous heart rhythm monitoring and fast‐acting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) could enable precise, episode‐tailored anticoagulation, reducing bleeding risks while preventing stroke. This study evaluates Apple Watch‐guided personalized anticoagulation therapy, adjusting DOAC usage based on real‐time AF detection.

Methods

This multicenter prospective single‐arm study will enroll patients who have maintained sinus rhythm post‐ablation and are on DOACs. The target enrollment is 50 patients free of AF for at least 30 days following the initiation of Apple Watch monitoring. If no AF occurs for the first 30 days of monitoring, anticoagulants will be discontinued on day 31. If AF is confirmed after day 31, DOAC administration will be resumed and continued until the end of the observation period. The primary endpoint is the reduction in the total number of days with DOACs from day 31 to day 360 compared to the conventional method of continuing anticoagulation. Secondary endpoints include all‐cause mortality, stroke, systemic thromboembolism, bleeding events, and Apple Watch malfunctions.

Results

Enrollment of a total of 50 patients was completed in April 2024. Follow‐up of the last enrolled patient will be completed in April 2025 and primary results are expected to be available in late 2025.

Conclusions

The Up to AF trial is the first trial to evaluate Apple Watch‐guided personalized anticoagulation therapy. This trial represents a potential advancement in personalized medicine for AF management.
Early‐Stage Extratropical Cyclones' Mechanisms Over South America: RCM Added Value and Future Changes in a Warmer Planet
Authors: Gramcianinov Carolina B. , Cardoso Andressa A. , da Silva Natália P. , Luna‐Niño Rosa , Castillo Natalia , Cavazos Tereza , da Rocha Rosmeri P.
Published: December 2024

Regional climate models (RCMs) from the CORDEX enable further investigations of the regional aspects of climate change impacts in South America. Here, we assess the CORDEX‐RCMs' present and future projections of extratropical cyclones, focusing on their frequency, early‐stage synoptic features, and added value relative to the global climate models (GCMs). Cyclones were tracked using a common algorithm in the present (1985–2005) and future RCP8.5 scenarios (2080–2099). ERA5 reanalysis was used as reference data in the present climate. Both GCMs and RCMs can identify the three major cyclone hot spots in South America: Argentina (ARG), La Plata Basin (LPB), and the south‐southeast Brazilian coast (SBR). RCMs improve GCMs' representation of the cyclogenesis frequency, adding value by decreasing the biases (~10%). Early‐stage cyclone synoptic structure also indicates RCMs' improvement of the low‐level fields by presenting mesoscale structures of warm/cold advection and moisture flux convergence/divergence in greater agreement with ERA5 (except for moisture flux divergence for LPB). RCMs and GCMs project a general decrease in cyclogenesis for the end of the century. For the cyclogenesis cores, GCMs' and RCMs' projections agree on the trend signals in SBR, LPB, and ARG in austral winter and disagree in ARG in austral summer. For LPB and SBR cyclogenesis, the RCMs and GCMs suggest a future increase in moisture flux convergence and warm advection at low levels, while a decrease in upper level divergence is projected. This indicates a reinforcement of cyclogenesis (negative sea‐level pressure trend) in the future due to the low‐level features and associated diabatic processes. For ARG, the future trends in the mean structure of cyclogenesis are relatively weak. Following other studies, cyclogenesis frequency may decrease; however, changes could occur in some important physical processes, such as low‐level moisture flux convergence and warm advection, suggesting more intense events in the future.
Sub‐centennial upper water column structure variability of the tropical Indian Ocean since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Rai Soni , Singh D. P. , Saraswat R. , Maurya A. S.
Published: December 2024

The upper water column (UWC) is involved in the worldwide distribution of heat and nutrients. However, global warming is expected to alter the UWC structure due to temperature‐ and precipitation‐induced stratification. This impact of global warming is comparatively more pronounced in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, to understand the fate of the UWC structure in the future, it is important to comprehend its past variability in the Indian Ocean. To achieve this, we have reconstructed sub‐centennial scale variations in the UWC structure of the tropical central Indian Ocean by using the isotopic composition (δ18O and δ13C) of surface‐dwelling planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and subsurface‐dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The difference in the isotopic composition of the surface‐ and subsurface‐dwelling species (Δδ18Or‐d and Δδ13Cr‐d) was used to understand the UWC structure variability in the tropical central Indian Ocean. We report a deeper mixed layer and thermocline during the last glacial period, followed by a shoaling of the thermocline during the glacial–interglacial transition. The thermocline also deepened during intense boreal summer monsoon events such as in the Bølling–Allerød and early Holocene. Our findings suggest that the tropical Indian Ocean UWC is influenced primarily by the intensity of the monsoon winds. From the comparison of our record with those of the eastern and western Indian Ocean, it is evident that a similar climatic forcing governed the central and eastern regions during the last glacial–interglacial period.