bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of the protease inhibitory activity component of SARS-CoV-2 3CL in Bletilla striata
Authors: Yang Yuyu , Zhang Fei , Liu Shihan , Jin Wenfang , Shao Qianshan , Li Chunxiao , Fan Baolei
Published: March 2024

The protease Mpro (referred to as 3CLpro or 3CL protease) is a cysteine protease that is highly conserved in coronavirus and is indispensable for viral replication. Because there is no homologous protein for MPro in the human body, SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease is an ideal target against coronavirus. Bletilla striata (Reich. Bf.) is a well-known form of Traditional Chinese Medicine and can exert many pharmacological effects, including hemostasis, anti-microbial and anti-virus activities. Our preliminary screening showed that the n-butanol component of a methanol extract of B. striata exhibited potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (58.82% at 200 μg/mL). In this study, we biologically evaluated ten isolated chemical compounds from B. striata and investigated the inhibitory activities of its constituents on SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Following bioactivity-guided fractionation, four bibenzyls (1, 4, 6 and 7), three phenols (5, 8 and 9), two anthraquinones (2 and 3) and one glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate (10) were isolated and evaluated for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. The binding mode between compounds and enzymes was investigated by molecular docking and Saturation Transfer Differences - nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR). Moreover, Pleiobibenzynin B (7), Blestritin B, Gymconopin D (4), Physcion, 3′-O-methyl dioscin III (6), Gastrodin (8) and caffeic acid (5) all exhibited inhibitory activity against 3CL protease in vitro. The four bibenzyls (1, 4, 6 and 7) exhibited good inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (7.37–39.86 μM). These findings identify potential new inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, which offers promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
Case report: Primary sarcoma of the mandible with a novel SLMAP-BRAF fusion
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Wei , Zheng Jiaoyun , Zhang Haixia , Luo Jiadi
Published: March 2024

Primary sarcomas of the jaw are very rare tumor with unclear mechanism of tumorigenesis. Identification of genetic alterations contributes to better understanding of tumorigenesis and extension of tumor spectrum, as well as potential therapeutic targets application. Herein, we firstly report a case of primary sarcoma in the mandible with novel SLMAP-BRAF fusion. Morphologically, the tumor was composed of histiocyte-like cells, larger epithelioid cells, spindle cells and osteoclast-like giant cells with moderate atypia. Focally, it mimicked tenosynovial giant cell tumor or biphasic synovial sarcoma, and even giant cell tumor of bone. SATB2 was diffusely expressed, while p63 and p16 were locally positive with loss expression of p16 in histiocyte-like and larger epithelioid cells. SLMAP-BRAF (S11:B10) fusion was detected by both DNA and RNA NGS, and further verified by sanger sequencing, DNA electrophoresis and FISH. Then a descriptive diagnosis of BRAF rearrangement sarcoma with moderate-grade malignancy (non-specific type) was given according to the biological behavior, morphological features and gene alteration. The patient finished six cycles of chemotherapy after hemimaxillectomy. Within 7 months of follow-up, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed. Our case has enriched the spectrum of jaw bone tumor and BRAF rearrangement tumor.
Centrosomes and associated proteins in pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Athwal Harjot , Kochiyanil Arpitha , Bhat Vasudeva , Allan Alison L. , Parsyan Armen
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in treatment, it remains one of the leading causes of female mortality. The inability to effectively treat advanced and/or treatment-resistant breast cancer demonstrates the need to develop novel treatment strategies and targeted therapies. Centrosomes and their associated proteins have been shown to play key roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and thus represent promising targets for drug and biomarker development. Centrosomes are fundamental cellular structures in the mammalian cell that are responsible for error-free execution of cell division. Centrosome amplification and aberrant expression of its associated proteins such as Polo-like kinases (PLKs), Aurora kinases (AURKs) and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been observed in various cancers, including breast cancer. These aberrations in breast cancer are thought to cause improper chromosomal segregation during mitosis, leading to chromosomal instability and uncontrolled cell division, allowing cancer cells to acquire new genetic changes that result in evasion of cell death and the promotion of tumor formation. Various chemical compounds developed against PLKs and AURKs have shown meaningful antitumorigenic effects in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors is likely related to exacerbation of numerical genomic instability, such as aneuploidy or polyploidy. Furthermore, growing evidence demonstrates enhanced antitumorigenic effects when inhibitors specific to centrosome-associated proteins are used in combination with either radiation or chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the roles of centrosome and centrosome-associated proteins in breast cancer pathogenesis and their utility as novel targets for breast cancer treatment.
Case report: when art is faced with brain surgery: acute change in creative style in a painter after glioma resection
Authors: Duffau Hugues
Published: March 2024

Background

Strong interactions between art and health are well-known. While advances in brain surgery resulted in an improved preservation of sensorimotor, visuospatial, language and cognitive functions, creative abilities received less attention. However, creativity may represent a critical issue to resume an optimal quality of life, especially in artists. Here, a unique case of sudden change in creative style in a painter who underwent glioma resection is described. This prompts to explore further creative thinking and its clinical implications in routine practice.

Methods

A 36-year-old right-handed woman experienced inaugural seizures, allowing the discovery of a right frontal lesion. The patient was a professional painter and did not complain about any decline in her creativity. The preoperative neurological examination was normal.

Results

Surgery was achieved with a maximal tumor resection through a frontal lobectomy. A WHO grade II oligodendroglioma was diagnosed. A regular surveillance was performed without adjuvant oncological treatment. The patient did not exhibit postoperative functional deterioration and she returned to normal activities including painting during 15 years. Remarkably, even though her creative activity was judged by the patient herself to be rich and satisfying, her style drastically changed from surrealism and mysticism to cubism whereas she was not able to explain why.

Conclusion

This is the first report of acute modification of the painting style following frontal lobectomy for a low-grade glioma, supporting that brain resective surgery may impact creativity. While neglected for many decades, this complex human ability should be evaluated more regularly in neurosurgical practice, particularly in artists.
Understanding the action mechanisms of metformin in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Cheng Meihui , Ren Lili , Jia Xianxian , Wang Jianwei , Cong Bin
Published: March 2024

Metformin is the initial medication recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to diabetes treatment, the function of metformin also can be anti-aging, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to fully understand its mode of operation. Historically, the liver has been acknowledged as the main location where metformin reduces glucose levels, however, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract also plays a significant role in its action. In the gastrointestinal tract, metformin effects glucose uptake and absorption, increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, alters the composition and structure of the gut microbiota, and modulates the immune response. However, the side effects of it cannot be ignored such as gastrointestinal distress in patients. This review outlines the impact of metformin on the digestive system and explores potential explanations for variations in metformin effectiveness and adverse effects like gastrointestinal discomfort.
Unveiling the impact of CDK8 on tumor progression: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Yin Xiaomin , He Zhilong , Chen Kun , Ouyang Kai , Yang Changxuan , Li Jianjun , Tang Hailin , Cai Manbo
Published: March 2024

CDK8 is an important member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family associated with transcription and acts as a key “molecular switch” in the Mediator complex. CDK8 regulates gene expression by phosphorylating transcription factors and can control the transcription process through Mediator complex. Previous studies confirmed that CDK8 is an important oncogenic factor, making it a potential tumor biomarker and a promising target for tumor therapy. However, CDK8 has also been confirmed to be a tumor suppressor, indicating that it not only promotes the development of tumors but may also be involved in tumor suppression. Therefore, the dual role of CDK8 in the process of tumor development is worth further exploration and summary. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate involvement of CDK8 in transcription-related processes, as well as its role in signaling pathways related to tumorigenesis, with a focus on its critical part in driving cancer progression.
In vivo bistatic dual-aperture ultrasound imaging and elastography of the abdominal aorta
Authors: van Hal Vera H. J. , de Hoop Hein , van Sambeek Marc R. H. M. , Schwab Hans-Martin , Lopata Richard G. P.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: In this paper we introduce in vivo multi-aperture ultrasound imaging and elastography of the abdominal aorta. Monitoring of the geometry and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is paramount for risk stratification and intervention planning. However, such an assessment is limited by the lateral lumen-wall contrast and resolution of conventional ultrasound. Here, an in vivo dual-aperture bistatic imaging approach is shown to improve abdominal ultrasound and strain imaging quality significantly. By scanning the aorta from different directions, a larger part of the vessel circumference can be visualized.

Methods: In this first-in-man volunteer study, the performance of multi-aperture ultrasound imaging and elastography of the abdominal aortic wall was assessed in 20 healthy volunteers. Dual-probe acquisition was performed in which two curved array transducers were aligned in the same imaging plane. The transducers alternately transmit and both probes receive simultaneously on each transmit event, which allows for the reconstruction of four ultrasound signals. Automatic probe localization was achieved by optimizing the coherence of the trans-probe data, using a gradient descent algorithm. Speckle-tracking was performed on the four individual bistatic signals, after which the respective axial displacements were compounded and strains were calculated.

Results: Using bistatic multi-aperture ultrasound imaging, the image quality of the ultrasound images, i.e., the angular coverage of the wall, was improved which enables accurate estimation of local motion dynamics and strain in the abdominal aortic wall. The motion tracking error was reduced from 1.3 mm ± 0.63 mm to 0.16 mm ± 0.076 mm, which increased the circumferential elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRe) by 12.3 dB ± 8.3 dB on average, revealing more accurate and homogeneous strain estimates compared to single-perspective ultrasound.

Conclusion: Multi-aperture ultrasound imaging and elastography is feasible in vivo and can provide the clinician with vital information about the anatomical and mechanical state of AAAs in the future.
Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial examining improvements in emotion regulation, defense mechanisms, quality of life, and IBS symptoms
Authors: Shafiei Faezeh , Dehghani Mahmood , Lavasani Fahimeh Fathali , Manouchehri Mehdi , Mokhtare Marjan
Published: March 2024

Studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) in treating medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ISTDP on individuals living with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in terms of, emotion regulation (ER) abilities, defense mechanisms, quality of life (QOL), and IBS symptoms. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with IBS were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 15) or control (n = 15) group. Pre- and post-treatment assessments were conducted, along with a follow-up assessment after ten weeks. Repeated measures analyses of variance were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that ISTDP led to significant improvements in ER, defense mechanisms, and QOL, as well as a reduction in the severity and frequency of IBS symptoms. These results provide further support for the efficacy of ISTDP as a treatment modality for individuals with IBS.
Bounded rationality in healthcare: unraveling the psychological factors behind patient satisfaction in China
Authors: Qian Yu , Wang Xiaohe , Huang Xianhong , Li Jinwen , Jin Chen , Chen Jie , Sha MengYi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Patient satisfaction is a crucial metric to gauge the quality of medical services, but the psychological factors influencing patient satisfaction remain insufficiently explored.

Methods

This study examines these psychological factors by applying the theory of bounded rationality to 1,442 inpatients in Hangzhou, China, whose data were collected using a questionnaire. One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression were used to analyze patient satisfaction and its associated factors. Additionally, the path analysis of the structural equation model revealed the mechanisms behind the key psychological factors that influenced patient satisfaction.

Results

Medical risk perception, the social cognition of the medical environment, and social desirability bias had significant positive impacts on patient satisfaction. By contrast, negative emotions had a significant negative impact on patient satisfaction. Notably, patients’ negative emotions had both a suppressive effect and a positive moderating effect on the relationship between medical risk perception and patient satisfaction. Similarly, social desirability bias had a suppressive effect on the correlation between the social cognition of the medical environment and patient satisfaction, albeit with a negative moderating effect.

Discussion

These results suggest that when evaluating and improving patient satisfaction, accounting only for the factors that directly influence medical service quality is insufficient, as the indirect and moderating effects of patients’ negative emotions and the social cognition of the medical environment must also be considered. Medical service providers should thus address patients’ negative emotions, establish good doctor–patient relationships, optimize service environments, provide managers with medical risk education and training on negative emotions, and prioritize patient-centered care. Additionally, the government and relevant health departments should optimize medical policies, enhance fairness and accessibility, and create a positive social cognitive environment through public education and awareness campaigns.
Social dimensions as resources in promoting academic well-being: the case study of the University of Foggia
Authors: Signore Fulvio , Esposito Ciro , Di Napoli Immacolata , Agueli Barbara , Ingusci Emanuela , Mannarini Terri , Toto Giusi Antonia , Arcidiacono Caterina , Fantinelli Stefania
Published: March 2024

Recently, scholars have focused more on changes in higher education, leading to significant insights into the working lives of academics and certain related processes, such as stress or well-being. The interest in academia is also justified by the role of universities as institutions that promote health and well-being, serving as a bridge between society, the world of work, and the local community. This study aims to identify social factors that can enhance the well-being of academic workers (lecturers and technical–administrative staff), highlighting how processes linked to social identity, based on the dynamics of identification with a territory or an organization, can serve as resources that promote well-being. Researchers conducted the survey on 198 workers at the University of Foggia (South Italy). Correlation and reliability assessments were first performed between the variables. Finally, a SEM study was completed. The goodness of fit of the model seems to be sufficient. The social aspects examined in the study, namely, organization identification, territorial well-being, and place attachment, were positively and significantly correlated with general well-being. Findings of the study demonstrated that for teaching and technical–administrative staff, among the key components for enhancing well-being in the academic setting was the social dimension of relationships, understood both inside and outside the university. Therefore, acting the belonging process to an area, implementing and strengthening relations with the social actors involved, as well as on the sense of belonging and identification with an organization, can have precise impact in enhancing well-being.
Postnatal depression in British mothers of African and Caribbean origin: a randomised controlled trial of learning through play plus culturally adapted cognitive behaviour therapy compared with psychoeducation
Authors: Jidong Dung Ezekiel , Ike Tarela Juliet , Murshed Maisha , Francis Christopher , Mwankon Shadrack Bitrus , Jidong John Ezekiel , Pwajok Juliet Yop , Nyam Pam Patrick , Husain Nusrat
Published: March 2024

Background

One in every three women worldwide experiences postnatal depression after childbirth, with long-term negative consequences on their children. The mainstream mental healthcare provision for British mothers of African/Caribbean origin is mostly unsuccessful due to a lack of culturally appropriate care.

Methods

The study adopts a mixed-methods randomised controlled trial (RCT) design. A 12-session (60 minutes each) of online Learning Through Play plus Culturally adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (LTP+CaCBT) intervention was employed for treating postnatal depression in comparison with psychoeducation (PE). Participants aged 19–53 were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). N=130 participants who scored >5 on PHQ-9 were randomised into LTP+CaCBT (n=65) or PE (n=65) groups. N=12 focus groups (LTP+CaCBT, n=6; PE, n=6) and n=15 individual interviews (LTP+CaCBT, n=8; PE, n=7) were conducted, transcribed verbatim and analysed.

Results

Satisfaction with intervention (LTP+CaCBT, 72.9%; PE, 65.2%); retention rates (LTP+CaCBT, 91%; PE, 71%); reduction in postnatal depression was higher in LTP+CaCBT on PHQ-9 Md=1.00 with z= -4.046; compared to PE, Md=1.00 with z= -1.504. Both groups showed reduced levels of anxiety on GAD-7 with no significant difference. Emerging themes from the qualitative findings showed increased positive moods, reduced worries about parenting difficulties and the facilitative role of remote intervention.

Conclusions

LTP+CaCBT intervention is culturally appropriate and acceptable and reduces postnatal depression in British mothers of African/Caribbean origin. A fully powered RCT is recommended to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of LTP+CaCBT, including the child’s outcomes compared with routine treatment as usual.

Clinical trial registration

www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04820920.
Forest Cows Secrets: Cracking the Code With Movement Sensors
Authors: Niccolai Laura J. , Wulff Saskia H. , Versluijs Erik , Spedener Mélanie , Zimmermann Barbara , Hessle Anna , Tofastrud Morten , Devineau Olivier , Evans Alina L.
Published: March 2024

Have you ever wondered how we can watch animals in the wild without actually being near them? In Norway, cows roam freely in the deep forest during summer. While the cows enjoy the freedom, it can be tricky to keep them safe from carnivores like wolves and bears, as no shepherds or dogs protect the herds. Keeping an eye on the cows is important! Farmers and researchers use GPS to track animals, just as we do for phones or cars. However, GPS does not tell us much about what the animals are doing. That is where movement sensors come in. These sensors store information about the tiniest body movements and reveal what the animal is doing at any time. Is the cow’s head up or down? Is it walking or running? Based on the data, we could distinguish 20 different behaviors! Now we can spy on cows, see what they are up to in the forest, and help farmers better care for them.
Film dressings from Thai mango seed kernel extracts versus nanocrystalline silver dressings in antibacterial properties
Authors: Hasatsri Sukhontha , Jantrapanukorn Bajaree
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The extract from the Mango Seed Kernel (MSK) has been documented to exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This suggests that biomaterials containing MSK extract could be a viable alternative to conventional wound treatments, such as nanocrystalline silver dressings. Despite this potential, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding comparing the antibacterial effectiveness of MSK film dressings with nanocrystalline silver dressings. This study aimed to develop film dressings containing MSK extract and evaluate their antibacterial properties compared to nanocrystalline silver dressings. Additionally, the study aimed to assess other vital physical properties of these dressings critical for effective wound care.

Materials and methods: We prepared MSK film dressings from two cultivars of mango from Thailand, ‘Chokanan’ and ‘Namdokmai’. The inhibition-zone method was employed to determine the antibacterial property. The morphology and chemical characterization of the prepared MSK film dressings were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The absorption of pseudo-wound exudate and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of film dressings were evaluated.

Results: The results showed that 40% of MSKC film dressing had the highest inhibition zone (20.00 ± 0.00 mm against S. aureus and 17.00 ± 1.00 mm against P. aeruginosa) and 20%, 30%, and 40% of MSKC and MSKN film dressings had inhibition zones similar to nanocrystalline silver dressing for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (p > 0.05). In addition, all concentrations of the MSK film dressings had low absorption capacity, and Chokanan MSK (MSKC) film dressings had a higher WVTR than Namdokmai MSK (MSKN) film dressings.

Conclusion: 20%, 30%, and 40% of MSK film dressing is nearly as effective as nanocrystalline silver dressing. Therefore, it has the potential to be an alternative antibacterial dressing and is suitable for wounds with low exudate levels.
Research on Transmission Efficiency Prediction of Heavy-Duty Tractors HMCVT Based on VMD and PSO–BP
Authors: Lu Kai , Liang Jing , Liu Mengnan , Lu Zhixiong , Shi Jinzhong , Xing Pengfei , Wang Lin
Published: March 2024

Transmission efficiency is a key characteristic of Hydro-mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission (HMCVT), which is related to the performance of heavy-duty tractors. Predicting the HMCVT transmission efficiency is beneficial for the real-time adjustment of transmission ratio during heavy-duty tractor operations, so as to obtain better performance. Aiming at the problems of accurate method, low accuracy, and high noise in the prediction of HMCVT transmission efficiency, this paper proposes a method based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Back Propagation (BP) neural networks to improve the quality of transmission efficiency prediction. Firstly, a simple theoretical model was established to obtain the influencing factors of transmission efficiency. Then, based on these factors, the transmission efficiency was tested on the bench under multiple conditions and the influence degree of each factor on transmission efficiency was divided using Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Finally, the VMD method was used to denoise the test data, and a BP model, which was improved using the PSO method, was established to predict the processed data. The results showed that transmission efficiency of HMCVT is most affected by output speed, followed by power, and least by input speed. The VMD method can accurately extract effective signals and noise signals from the original data, and reconstruct signals, reducing the noise proportion. Using three conditions, the prediction regression accuracy of the PSO–BP model is 7.02%, 7.88%, and 9.26% higher than that of the BP model, respectively. In the three prediction experiments, the maximum differences in the MAE, the MAPE, and the RMSE of the PSO–BP model are 0.002, 0.463%, and 0.004, respectively, which are 0.006, 0.796%, and 0.003 lower than those of the BP model.
Design and Optimization of a Mixed-Flow Drying Chamber for Tiger Nuts Based on CFD-DEM Heat and Mass Transfer Model
Authors: Ding Li , Dou Yufei , Li Junying , Yao Tan , Ma Aobo , Yuan Yechao , Wang Lele , Li He
Published: March 2024

In order to solve the problem of inconsistent moisture content in particles during the drying process of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) due to uneven air flow and temperature distribution in the drying chamber, an open-hole corner box was designed based on the principle of negative pressure micro-perforated air supply. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) simulation, coupled with the basic theory of interphase heat and mass transfer, a mathematical model for interphase heat and moisture coupling transfer was established. The effects of different aperture rates of corner boxes in the drying chamber, spatial location arrangement, and other related variables on the airfield distribution, temperature field distribution, tiger nut temperature, and moisture content changes were investigated. The results show that the average air velocity below the air inlet gradually increases as the opening ratio increases. When the opening rate is 0.33%, the wind field uniformity is better, and the inhomogeneity of the drying chamber wind field is improved. As the lateral distance increases, the consistency of the moisture content distribution increases and then decreases, and the flow rate of the tiger nuts gradually increases when the grain is discharged. The rate of decrease in water content decreases gradually with the increase in longitudinal distance. When the wind speed reaches 4 m/s, the drying chamber wind field is more uniform, and the water vapor diffusion efficiency at the outlet is basically the same. Therefore, the appropriate corner box has a horizontal distance of 320 mm and a longitudinal distance of 420 mm, providing a basis for the design of tiger nut drying equipment.
Allelopathic Activity of a Novel Compound and Two Known Sesquiterpene from Croton oblongifolius Roxb.
Authors: Moh Seinn Moh , Tojo Shunya , Teruya Toshiaki , Kato-Noguchi Hisashi
Published: March 2024

Plant extracts with allelopathic activity and their related compounds have been investigated for a long time as an eco-friendly approach to sustainable weed management. Croton oblongifolius (Roxb.) is a traditional medicinal plant valued for its diverse source of bioactive compounds that have been used to treat various diseases. C. oblongifolius leaf extract was previously described to involve a number of allelochemicals. Therefore, we conducted this research to explore more of the allelochemicals in the leaves of C. oblongifolius. The leaf extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against two test plants, Lolium multiflorum (monocot) and Medicago sativa (dicot). The bioassay-directed chromatographic purification of the leaf extracts yielded three compounds, including one novel compound, identified using spectral data, as follows: (1) alpinolide peroxide, (2) 6-hydroxy alpinolide, and (3) 3-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (a novel sesquiterpene). These compounds considerably limited the growth of L. sativum. The compound concentrations affecting a 50% growth limitation (IC50) of L. sativum varied from 0.16 to 0.34 mM. Therefore, these characterized compounds may be allelopathic agents that cause the allelopathy of C. oblongifolius.
The Fate and Challenges of the Main Nutrients in Returned Straw: A Basic Review
Authors: Li Huandi , Li Jiang , Jiao Xiyun , Jiang Hongzhe , Liu Yong , Wang Xinglang , Ma Chao
Published: March 2024

Due to containing an abundance of essential nutrients, straw has significant potential to mitigate carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) deficits in soil. However, a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews on C, N, P, and K release and conversion from straw and on the impact of available nutrients in soils supplemented using straw-returning (SR) practices is noticeable in the literature. Therefore, we investigated straw decomposition, its nutrient release characteristics, and the subsequent fate of nutrients in soils. At early stages, straw decomposes rapidly and then gradually slows down at later stages. Nutrient release rates are generally in the K > P > C > N order. Nutrient fate encompasses fractions mineralized to inorganic nutrients, portions which supplement soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and other portions which are lost via leaching and gas volatilization. In future research, efforts should be made to quantitatively track straw nutrient release and fate and also examine the potential impact of coordinated supply-and-demand interactions between straw nutrients and plants. This review will provide a more systematic understanding of SR’s effectiveness in agriculture.
Partial Substitution of Chemical N with Solid Cow Manure Improved Soil Ecological Indicators and Crop Yield in a Wheat–Rice Rotation System
Authors: Yu Jintao , Zhang Chun , Wang Xuan , Li Hongchuan , Kalkhajeh Yusef Kianpoor , Hu Hongxiang
Published: March 2024

Alternative fertilizers are essential to minimizing the deteriorating effects of chemical fertilizers on soil and water quality/health. Accordingly, the present work investigated the effects of combined organic–inorganic fertilization (COIF) on wheat and rice yields, soil nutrients, and soil Cd accumulation. Hence, seven different treatments were set up: control (CK); conventional fertilization (CF); adequate fertilization (OF); organic fertilizer replacing 25% (T1) and 50% (T2) of OF; and organic nitrogen (N) replacing 25% (M1) and 50% (M2) of OF-N. Overall, significant increases occurred in the yields of COIF crops. Compared with the CF, the highest wheat and rice yields happened in the M1 treatment (with a difference of approximately 18.5%) (p < 0.05). COIF slightly alleviated soil acidification, and improved the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the study soils. Furthermore, COIF treatments significantly increased the contents of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 6.35 to 16.9%, 3.17 to 10.9%, 5.53 to 28.7%, and 2.6 to 12%, respectively (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, negligible increases took place in the Cd content of COIF soils compared with that of the CK. Altogether, our results concluded that 25% replacement of OF-N by organic N (M1) effectively improved the fertility/ecological sustainability of the study soils.
Storage Temperature and Grain Moisture Effects on Phenolic Compounds as a Driver of Seed Coat Darkening in Red Lentil
Authors: Bhattarai Bhawana , Nuttall James G. , Li Minhao , Suleria Hafiz A. R. , Wallace Ashley J. , Fitzgerald Glenn J. , Walker Cassandra K.
Published: March 2024

The biochemistry underlying seed coat darkening of lentil due to extended storage is limited. This study investigated the relationship between seed coat darkening over time during storage and changes in concentration of phenolic compounds (total phenolic compounds, total condensed tannins, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins) in two red lentil cultivars (PBA Hallmark and PBA Jumbo2), stored at two grain moisture contents (10 and 14%, w/w) and two temperatures (4 and 35 °C) for 360 days. Seed coat darkening was only significant (p = 0.05) at high temperatures (35 °C) but not at low temperatures (4 °C), irrespective of grain moisture content and cultivar. The concentration of all phenolic compounds tested in this study reduced significantly (p = 0.05) throughout the study period, regardless of temperature and grain moisture treatments. The changes in seed coat brightness and redness followed a linear pattern, except for yellowness, where phenolic compounds initially reduced linearly and then remained constant thereafter. Darkening of seedcoat was only associated with the reduction in phenolic compounds tested in this study at 35 °C, and not at 4 °C. This suggests that seed coat darkening due to extended storage may not be directly linked to broad reductions in the groups of phenolic compounds or individual compounds assessed in this study. This information prompts further research to identify the actual biochemical processes that cause the darkening of seed coats during storage and assist in developing cultivars with stable seed coat colour by selecting and modifying such processes.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin C Supplementation on Growth Performance and Biochemical Parameters in Grower Walleye Pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus
Authors: Lee Ki Wook , Yoo Hae Kyun , Kim So-Sun , Han Gyeong Sik , Jung Min Min , Kim Hee Sung
Published: March 2024

The optimal dietary vitamin C (VC) levels for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) remain undefined. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary VC levels on the growth performance and biochemical parameters of grower walleye pollock and determine the optimal VC level for their diet. Six experimental diets (VC0, VC1, VC3, VC5, VC7, and VC10) with VC levels of 3.24, 21.92, 63.31, 101.42, 145.46, and 202.51 mg kg−1 diet, respectively, were fed to fish (initial mean weight: 173.5 ± 0.31 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the VC7 and VC10 diets exhibited significantly higher growth (final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) and improved feed utilization (feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio) compared with fish fed the VC0 diet (p < 0.05). The VC3–VC10 diets significantly reduced plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Compared with the VC0 group, fish fed the VC7 and VC10 diets showed significantly elevated growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in plasma (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary VC supplementation in walleye pollock improved growth performance and SOD activity. Moreover, broken-line analysis on weight gain indicated that the optimal dietary VC level for grower walleye pollock was approximately 156.42 mg kg−1 diet.
SSTR2 Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of SST/CST on Lipolysis in Chicken Adipose Tissue
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Jiannan , Huang Tianjiao , Wang Xinglong , Su Jiancheng , He Jiliang , Shi Ningkun , Wang Yajun , Li Juan
Published: March 2024

Somatostatin shows an anti-lipolytic effect in both chickens and ducks. However, its molecular mediator remains to be identified. Here, we report that somatostatin type 2 receptor (SSTR2) is expressed at a high level in chicken adipose tissue. In cultured chicken adipose tissue, the inhibition of glucagon-stimulated lipolysis by somatostatin was blocked by an SSTR2 antagonist (CYN-154086), supporting an SSTR2-mediated anti-lipolytic effect. Furthermore, a significant pro-proliferative effect was detected in SST28-treated immortalized chicken preadipocytes (ICP-1), and this cell proliferative effect may be mediated through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway activated by SSTR2. In summary, our results demonstrate that SSTR2 may regulate adipose tissue development by affecting the number and volume of adipocytes in chickens.
Intergenerational Transmission of Human Parenting Styles to Human–Dog Relationships
Authors: Kuo Chih Hsin , Kessler Sharon
Published: March 2024

Parenting style and intergenerational transmission have been extensively studied in parent–child relationships. As dogs are increasingly recognized as integral members of the family system, there is a growing interest in understanding how parenting behaviors directed towards dogs can also influence a dog’s behaviors. However, the reasons why people adopt certain parenting behaviors towards dogs remain relatively unknown. This study delved into the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles from one’s upbringing to caregiving for dogs. Using a mixed methods approach with 391 dog caregivers and 10 interviews, this study employed multivariate linear regression and thematic analysis. Permissive parenting exhibited an intergenerational effect, with those experiencing it being more likely to replicate the style with their dogs. Orientation towards dogs emerged as a crucial mediator, with protectionistic attitudes reducing the likelihood of replicating authoritarian parenting. Humanistic and protectionistic orientation increased the likelihood of compensatory permissive behaviors. Insights from interviews underscored the impact of perceived childhood experiences on adopting specific parenting behaviors. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the promotion of appropriate caregiving behaviors toward dogs. By drawing on our understanding of child–parent relationships, addressing the underlying elements of human–dog dynamics may lead to positive outcomes both for dogs and their caregivers.
Dynamic Simulation of a 5 Degrees of Freedom Rotor Dropping on a Protective Bearing
Authors: Yu Xiao , Han Jianggui , Ming Tingfeng
Published: March 2024

In the magnetic suspension bearing system, the protection bearing, as its key component, plays a role in supporting the safe operation of the drop rotor after the failure of the magnetic suspension bearing, to protect the whole system from damage. Based on a multi-body dynamics simulation, this paper studied the characteristics of the protection bearing, such as the speed fluctuation of the rotor and the bearing inner ring, and the contact force between the rotor and the protection bearing when the 5-DOF rotor fell on the protection bearing. By adjusting the friction coefficient, the initial speed of the rotor, and other parameters, the movement process of the rotor falling in the protection bearing was studied. By comparing the speed fluctuation and contact force of the rotor and the bearing inner race, the influencing factors and rules of the impact of the rotor falling on the protection bearing were analyzed and summarized.
Global Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Photovoltaic Module Array Based on Modified Cat Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chao Kuei-Hsiang , Nguyen Thi Bao-Ngoc
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this study was to research and develop maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic module array (PVMA) with partial module shading and sudden changes in solar irradiance. Modified cat swarm optimization (MCSO) was adopted to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of the PVMA. Upon a sudden changes in solar irradiance or when certain modules in the PVMA were shaded, the maximum power point (MPP) of the PVMA will change accordingly, and multiple peak values may appear on the power–voltage (P-V) characteristic curve. Therefore, if the tracking pace is constant, the time required to track the MPP might extend, and under certain circumstances, the GMPP might not be tracked, as only the local maximum power point (LMPP) can be tracked. To prevent this problem, a maximum power point tracker based on MCSO is proposed in this paper in order to adjust the tracking pace along with the slope of the P-V characteristic curve and the inertia weight of the iteration formula. The initial voltage for tracking commencement was set to 0.8 times the voltage at the maximum power point of the PVMA under standard test conditions. Firstly, MATLAB 2022a was used to construct the four-series, three-parallel PVMA model under zero shading and partial shading. The feedback of PVMA voltage and current was obtained, where the GMPP was tracked with MCSO. From the simulation results, it was proven that, under different shading percentages and sudden changes in solar irradiance for partial modules in the PVMA, the MCSO proposed in this paper provided better tracking speed, dynamic response, and steady performance compared to the conventional CSO.
Corn Cropping Systems in Agricultural Soils from the Bajio Region of Guanajuato: Soil Quality Indexes (SQIs)
Authors: Sánchez-Guzmán Alejandra , Bedolla-Rivera Héctor Iván , Conde-Barajas Eloy , Negrete-Rodríguez María de la Luz Xochilt , Lastiri-Hernández Marcos Alfonso , Gámez-Vázquez Francisco Paúl , Álvarez-Bernal Dioselina
Published: March 2024

Agriculture is a sector of great importance for Mexico’s economy, generating employment and contributing significantly to the country’s gross domestic product. The Bajio stands out as one of the most productive agricultural regions in Mexico. However, intensive agricultural practices in this area have caused a progressive deterioration and loss of soil fertility. This study focused on evaluating the quality of soils used for agriculture in the Bajio region of the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. This evaluation, utilised soil quality indexes (SQIs) based on a total of 27 physicochemical, biological and enzymatic indicators. These indicators were selected by means of a principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed for the identification of a minimum set of data. The SQIs developed in this study categorised soils into different quality levels, ranging from low to high, mainly based on the values observed in the biological indicators (SMR and qCO2), which comprised the established SQIs. The inclusion of these biological indicators provides the developed SQIs with greater sensitivity to detect minor disturbances in agricultural soils due to human activity, compared with SQIs consisting only of physicochemical indicators. The developed SQIs can be used to ensure high-quality food production in soils used for corn cultivation under similar conditions, both nationally and internationally.
Characteristics of Electric Field Induced by Oscillating Metal Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Xie Taotao , Zhang Jiawei , Xiao Dawei , Ji Qing
Published: March 2024

To analyze the induced electric field characteristics generated by the rotation and shaking of underwater metal vehicles, a mathematical model of the induced electric field generated by the underwater metal vehicles was derived using Faraday’s electromagnetic induction law. A mathematical model of the induced electric field on the electrode pairs of metal vehicles shaking in different coordinate system planes was established through in-depth analysis. Based on this, a three-component output model of the induced electric field output by the three-axis sensor was obtained when the measurement system was shaking at all three angles. At a constant speed, the induced electric field interference output by the measurement system is a static signal. The value of the static electric field is proportional to the vehicle’s speed and the value of the geomagnetic field, and the value of each component is related to the direction of movement and the value of the geomagnetic field component. The simulation results show that when the navigation body is moving at a constant speed, the induced electric field is a static electric field with a magnitude of mV/m. In a stable state, the induced electric field noise generated by changes in pitch, roll, and heading sway is at the nV/m level and does not have a significant impact on detection. The correctness of the theoretical model has been verified through experiments on offshore speedboat platforms, and it is feasible to use metal navigation bodies for ship electric field detection.
Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Sources of Brown Carbon Light Absorption in a Typical Megacity of the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Xu Shanshu , Wang Junfeng , Li Yue’e , Zhang Ning , Ge Xinlei , Aruffo Eleonora
Published: March 2024

Brown carbon (BrC) is a new term for organic aerosol (OA) with strong absorption ability from the visible to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, which plays a vital role in atmospheric visibility and climate change. Herein, we report field measurements from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021, sampled at urban Suzhou, Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China, to investigate the optical properties and sources of BrC. By analyzing the seasonal characteristics of the absorption of BrC at 370 nm (babs370), babs370 was found to be the highest (9.0 ± 7.2 Mm−1) in winter and the lowest (5.1 ± 3.3 Mm−1) in summer, respectively. The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) value of BrC in winter was 1.22 ± 0.05, followed by 1.21 ± 0.05, 1.20 ± 0.05, and 1.19 ± 0.05 for fall, spring, and summer, respectively. The mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of secondary organic carbon (SOC) was 3.3 ± 0.2 m2g−1 in spring, 2.9 ± 0.1 m2g−1 in summer, 4.3 ± 0.1 m2g−1 in fall, and 2.8 ± 0.2 m2g−1 in winter, significantly lower than that of primary organic carbon (POC) at 370 nm, suggesting the aging process could weaken the light absorption of BrC. Five different BrC factors were identified by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, including biomass-burning-related, vehicle-related, sulfate-related, nitrate-related, and dust-related factors, which on average account for 7.4%, 73.4%, 11.9%, 1.9%, and 5.4% of babs370, respectively. Potential Source Contribution Factor (PSCF) analysis showed that those high babs370 periods were mainly contributed by air mass from the south. Moreover, for the influence degree of the potential source areas, the sequence was winter > spring > fall > summer. Our results improve the understanding of BrC in an important industrial city in YRD, which could reduce the uncertainty of the prediction of its climate effect in this region.
Evaluation of Different Procedures for Titanium Dental Implant Surface Decontamination—In Vitro Study
Authors: Jordan Ante , Smojver Igor , Budimir Ana , Gabrić Dragana , Vuletić Marko
Published: March 2024

Polymicrobial biofilm removal and decontamination of the implant surface is the most important goal in the treatment of periimplantitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of four different decontamination methods for removing Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro. Seventy-five dental implants were contaminated with a bacterial suspension and randomly divided into five groups (n = 15): the negative control group, which received no treatment; the positive control group, treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine; group 1, treated with a chitosan brush (Labrida BioCleanTM, Labrida AS, Oslo, Norway); group 2, treated with a chitosan brush and 0.2% chlorhexidine; and group 3, treated with a device based on the electrolytic cleaning method (GalvoSurge, GalvoSurge Dental AG, Widnau, Switzerland). The colony-forming unit (CFU) count was used to assess the number of viable bacteria in each sample, and statistical analyses were performed. When compared to the negative control group, all the decontamination methods reduced the CFU count. The electrolytic cleaning method decontaminated the implant surface more effectively than the other three procedures, while the chitosan brush was the least effective. Further research in more realistic settings is required to assess the efficacy of the decontamination procedures described in this study.