bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lonicera japonica Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Improve Multiple Patterns Driven Osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Zimin , Xu Weiye , Luo Jianming , Liu Liu , Peng Xichun
Published: August 2024

Osteoporosis (OP) represents a global health challenge. Certain functional food has the potential to mitigate OP. Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) solution has medicinal effects, such as anti-inflammatory and immune enhancement, and can be used in functional foods such as health drinks and functional snacks. The composition of honeysuckle changed significantly after fermentation, and 376 metabolites were enriched. In this study, we used dexamethasone to induce OP in the rat model. Research has confirmed the ability of FS (fermented Lonicera japonica solution) to enhance bone mineral density (BMD), repair bone microarchitectural damage, and increase blood calcium levels. Markers such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were notably decreased, whereas osteocalcin (OCN) levels increased after FS treatment. FS intervention in OP rats restored the abundance of 6 bacterial genera and the contents of 17 serum metabolites. The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed that FS may alleviate OP by restoring the abundance of 6 bacterial genera and the contents of 17 serum metabolites, reducing osteoclast differentiation, promoting osteoblast differentiation, and reducing the inflammatory response. This study revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented honeysuckle alleviated OP through intestinal bacteria and serum metabolites and provided a theoretical basis for the development of related functional foods.
Mild Approach for the Formulation of Chestnut Flour-Enriched Snacks: Influence of Processing Parameters on the Preservation of Bioactive Compounds of Raw Materials
Authors: Cascone Giovanni , Oliviero Maria , Sorrentino Luigi , Crescente Giuseppina , Boscaino Floriana , Sorrentino Andrea , Volpe Maria Grazia , Moccia Stefania
Published: August 2024

Third-generation snacks were developed from a triad of flours made up of chestnut, spelt, and chickpea flour. Optimal snack formulations and processing parameters have been established to ensure acceptable workability of the raw dough while protecting the bioactive components of the raw materials. The parameters examined were mixing time, speed, and temperature. The properties of the snack were evaluated by analyzing the expansion ratio, hardness, moisture content, and phenolic and volatile compounds. The optimal mixing conditions that ensure maximum expansion were a temperature of 30 °C, a speed of 30 rpm, and a time of 6 min. The results showed that the proper percentage of water and sodium bicarbonate was 35% and 2%, respectively, and that the developed snacks had an alveolar and homogeneous structure. The proposed approach brings several advantages, including the preservation of bioactive compounds during the production process. Furthermore, the mild operating conditions prevented the development of unwanted or unpleasant compounds, as confirmed by the analysis of volatile compounds. Therefore, this study opens new perspectives in the food industry, satisfying the growing demand for functional products and healthy snacks.
Effects of Microwave Treatment on Physicochemical Attributes, Structural Analysis, and Digestive Characteristics of Pea Starch–Tea Polyphenol Complexes
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qin Peiyou , Wu Dingtao , Huang Jingwei , Zhang Jiayi , Gong Yuanyuan , Zou Liang , Hu Yichen
Published: August 2024

Addressing the challenge of blood glucose fluctuations triggered by the ingestion of pea starch, we have adopted an eco-friendly strategy utilizing microwave irradiation to synthesize the novel pea starch–tea polyphenol complexes. These complexes exhibit high swelling capacity and low solubility, and their thermal profile with low gelatinization temperature and enthalpy indicates adaptability to various processing conditions. In vitro digestion studies showed that these complexes have a small amount of rapidly digestible starch and a large amount of resistant starch, leading to a slower digestion rate. These features are particularly advantageous for diabetics, mitigating glycemic excursions. Structurally, the pea starch–tea polyphenol complexes exhibited a B + V-shaped dense network with low crystallinity, high orderliness, and a prominent double helix content, enhancing its stability and functionality in food applications. In summary, these innovative complexes served as a robust platform for developing low glycemic index foods, catering to the nutritional needs of diabetics. It offers an environmentally sustainable approach to food processing, fostering human well-being and propelling innovation in the food industry.
Effect of Germination on the Digestion of Legume Proteins
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Fan Bei , Li Yang , Fei Chengxin , Xiong Yangyang , Li Lin , Liu Yanfang , Tong Litao , Huang Yatao , Wang Fengzhong
Published: August 2024

As one of the main sources of plant protein, it is important to improve the protein digestibility of legumes. Faced with population growth and increasing environmental pressures, it is essential to find a green approach. Germination meets this requirement, and in the process of natural growth, some enzymes are activated to make dynamic changes in the protein itself; at the same time, other substances (especially anti-nutrient factors) can also be degraded by enzymes or their properties (water solubility, etc.), thereby reducing the binding with protein, and finally improving the protein digestibility of beans under the combined influence of these factors The whole process is low-carbon, environmentally friendly and safe. Therefore, this paper summarizes this process to provide a reference for the subsequent development of soybean functional food, especially the germination of soybean functional food.
Study on the Metabolic Basis of the Color Formation of Two Color-Presenting Types of Jujube Fruits
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Shi Qianqian , Li Xingang , Yuan Ze , Yan Min , Lu Dengyang , Wang Yan , Pu Xiaoqiu , Wu Cuiyun
Published: August 2024

Jujube is a plant of the genus Ziziphus in the family Rhamnaceae; its fruit has high nutritional value, and it is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites. The color of its peel is an important indicator for evaluating the appearance of the fruit. However, the mechanism of the difference in color presentation between the seedling offspring of the ‘Red Fruit’ (TLHH) and the ‘Green Fruit’ (TLHL) of the fresh jujube cultivar ‘Tailihong’ is not clear. Therefore, this study used targeted metabolomics techniques to accurately and quantitatively analyze the metabolic pathways of carotenoid and anthocyanin metabolites during the ripening process of two color-presenting types of jujube fruits. Through the analysis of the dynamic changes in the pigment content of the jujube peel, it was found that 30 DAP (days after pollination), 80 DAP, and 110 DAP were the key periods for the development of the color of the peel of ‘TLHL’ and ‘TLHH’ jujube and that the substances responsible for the main differences were chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Furthermore, we used an LC-MS/MS metabolic analysis to compare the differences in the carotenoids and anthocyanin metabolites between the two color-presenting types of jujube peels at the key periods of 30 DAP, 80 DAP, and 110 DAP. We detected 32 carotene metabolites and 75 anthocyanin metabolites, respectively, among which lutein had the highest content of carotenoids; it reached the maximum value (93.05 µg/g) and was higher than that of ‘TLHH’ (74.14 µg/g) at 30 DAP of ‘TLHL’. Both showed a decreasing trend with fruit ripening. The anthocyanin with the highest content was cyanidin-3-O-(tartaryl)rhamnoside-5-O-glucoside, which reached the maximum value (258.32 µg/g) at 30 DAP of ‘TLHH’ and was 51.6 times that of ‘TLHL’; similarly, both showed a decreasing trend with fruit ripening. These results elucidate the main metabolites of carotenoids and anthocyanins in the two types of jujube peel and their accumulation characteristics, suggesting that the key metabolites of the difference in color between ‘TLHL’ and ‘TLHH’ jujube fruits were lutein and cyanidin-3-O-(tartaryl)rhamnoside-5-O-glucoside, increasing the understanding of the color mechanism of jujube peel and providing a reference for targeted genetic breeding of jujube peel color.
Advancements in Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for Enhancing Safety and Quality of Infant and Baby Food Products: A Review
Authors: Pasdar Nasim , Mostashari Parisa , Greiner Ralf , Khelfa Anissa , Rashidinejad Ali , Eshpari Hadi , Vale Jim M. , Gharibzahedi Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Roohinejad Shahin
Published: August 2024

Breast milk is the main source of nutrition during early life, but both infant formulas (Ifs; up to 12 months) and baby foods (BFs; up to 3 years) are also important for providing essential nutrients. The infant food industry rigorously controls for potential physical, biological, and chemical hazards. Although thermal treatments are commonly used to ensure food safety in IFs and BFs, they can negatively affect sensory qualities, reduce thermosensitive nutrients, and lead to chemical contaminant formation. To address these challenges, non-thermal processing technologies such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, radio frequency, and ultrasound offer efficient pathogen destruction similar to traditional thermal methods, while reducing the production of key process-induced toxicants such as furan and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF). These alternative thermal processes aim to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods while retaining their advantages. This review paper highlights the growing global demand for healthy, sustainable foods, driving food manufacturers to adopt innovative and efficient processing techniques for both IFs and BFs. Based on various studies reviewed for this work, the application of these novel technologies appears to reduce thermal processing intensity, resulting in products with enhanced sensory properties, comparable shelf life, and improved visual appeal compared to conventionally processed products.
Human Exposure to Trace Elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) from Consumption of Dried Fruits Acquired in Spain
Authors: Jáudenes-Marrero Juan Ramón , Paz-Montelongo Soraya , Darias-Rosales Javier , González-Weller Dailos , Gutiérrez Ángel J. , Hardisson Arturo , Rubio Carmen , Alejandro-Vega Samuel
Published: August 2024

Dried fruits are one of the most frequently consumed products by the population. Drying fruits prolongs their shelf life and also concentrates more nutrients. However, these products may contain dangerous levels of trace elements that can be harmful to health. The content of trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) in 42 samples of different dried fruits (dates, prunes, sultanas, dried apricot kernels, and dried figs) was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentrations of Al found in prunes (12.7 ± 5.13 mg Al/kg) and the concentrations of B found in dried plums (6.26 ± 4.45 mg B/kg) were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Regarding the risk assessment, the percentages of contribution to the maximum recommended intakes by Li in all the dried fruits studied stand out, reaching 35.3% in the case of dried plums. This study concludes that the recommended daily intake of dried fruit (30 g/day) does not pose a toxicological risk about these trace elements.
Assessment of Health Values, Beliefs, Norms, and Behavior towards Consumption Intention of 3D-Bioprinted Meat
Authors: Mendoza Mary Christy O. , Chico Jenn Christzel D. , Ong Ardvin Kester S. , Regayas Rafael Alfredo M.
Published: August 2024

Continuous innovation in product development further enhances consumer appeal and contributes to a more sustainable and ethical food system. This study used the health belief model (HBM) and value–belief–norm (VBN) theory to investigate the customer perceptions of and intentions towards 3D-bioprinted meat. Specifically, this study examined consumer behavior factors using higher-order partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from 738 meat consumers through online survey questions, distributed among social groups and face-to-face distribution—limiting only to respondents who are familiar with 3D-bioprinted meats. Using a filtering question, only those who are familiar with and have knowledge of the topic were considered valid respondents. Based on the results, all variables under the integrated theories were deemed significant. Consumers’ perceptions of 3D-bioprinted meat are also shaped by altruism, egoism, biospheric concern, and willingness to change. The findings revealed that buyers rationally choose benefits over social or personal values. The study emphasized educating consumers, being transparent about production, and constantly innovating for higher acceptance of 3D-bioprinted meat. In order to foster consumer confidence, it is essential to prioritize transparency in the production process, encompassing information regarding sourcing and manufacturing methods. Certifications that validate safety and quality standards serve to reinforce this notion. In addition, the implementation of competitive pricing strategies has the potential to enhance the accessibility of 3D-bioprinted meat, whereas industry partnerships can aid in distribution operations and improve market visibility—all of which extend the practical implications developed for this study. Moreover, the foundation of the integrated framework promotes its extension and application outside technology-based meat production. This could also be considered and utilized among other studies on developed food and food consumption.
Difference Approximation for 2D Time-Fractional Integro-Differential Equation with Given Initial and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xindong , Luo Ziyang , Tang Quan , Wei Leilei , Liu Juan
Published: August 2024

In this investigation, a new algorithm based on the compact difference method is proposed. The purpose of this investigation is to solve the 2D time-fractional integro-differential equation. The Riemann–Liouville derivative was utilized to define the time-fractional derivative. Meanwhile, the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operator and product trapezoidal formula were utilized to construct a high-order numerical scheme. Also, we analyzed the stability and convergence. The convergence order was O(τ2+hx4+hy4), where τ is the time step size, hx and hy are the spatial step sizes. Furthermore, several examples were provided to verify the correctness of our theoretical reasoning.
Preparation, Characterization and Formation Mechanism of High Pressure-Induced Whey Protein Isolate/κ-Carrageenan Composite Emulsion Gel Loaded with Curcumin
Authors: He Xiaoye , Ren Shuang , Li Hu , Han Di , Liu Tianxin , Wu Meishan , Wang Jing
Published: August 2024

In order to explore the formation mechanism of the emulsion gel induced by high pressure processing (HPP) and its encapsulation and protection of functional ingredients, a curcumin-loaded whey protein isolate (WPI)/κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) composite emulsion gel induced by HPP was prepared. The effect of pressure (400, 500 and 600 MPa), holding time (10, 20 and 30 min) and concentration of κ-CG (0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2%, w/v) on the swelling rate, gel strength, the stability of curcumin in the emulsion gel, water distribution and its mobility, as well as the contents of interface protein were characterized. The results showed that the addition of κ-CG significantly reduced the protein concentration required for the formation of emulsion gel induced by HPP and greatly reduced the swelling rate of the emulsion gel. The gel strength and storage stability of the composite emulsion gels increased with the increase in pressure (400–600 MPa) and holding time (10–30 min). When the pressure increased to 500 MPa, the stability of curcumin in the emulsion gel significantly improved. When the ratio of WPI to κ-CG was 12:1 (the κ-CG concentration was 1.0%), both the photochemical and thermal stability of curcumin were higher than those of the other two ratios. The HPP significantly increased the mobility of monolayer water in the system, while the mobility of multilayer water and immobilized water was significantly reduced. Increasing the holding time and the concentration of κ-CG both can result in an increase in the interfacial protein content in the oil/water system, and the HPP treatment had a significant effect on the composition of the interfacial protein of the emulsion gel.
Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Properties of Hydrogel, Cork, Perlite, and Ceramsite
Authors: Průša David , Šťastník Stanislav , Svobodová Kateřina , Šuhajda Karel , Sochorová Zuzana
Published: August 2024

The present work analyzes the effect of releasing physically bound water from hydrogel, cork, perlite, and ceramsite on materials exposed to microwave radiation and subsequently investigates possible changes in the physical properties of these materials (water absorption and thermal conductivity coefficient). The release of physically bound water from individual materials has potential practical applications in materials engineering, for example, in the internal curing of concrete, where individual aggregates could, under the influence of microwave radiation, release water into the structure of the concrete and thus further cure it. Experimental analysis was carried out with samples of the above-mentioned materials, which were first weighed and then immersed in water for 24 h. Then, they were weighed again and exposed to microwave radiation. After exposure, the samples were weighed again, left immersed in water for 24 h, and weighed again. The focus of the study was on the ability of the aggregates to release water due to microwave radiation and on the changes in the properties (water absorption, thermal conductivity coefficient) of these materials when exposed to microwave radiation. The samples were further monitored by digital microscopy for possible changes in the surface layer of the materials. The hydrogels show the highest water absorption (1000%) and the fastest water release (45 min to complete desiccation). After the release of water due to microwave radiation, their ability to absorb water is maintained. Of interest, however, is that in the case of almost complete removal of water from the soaked hydrogel, the original powdered state of the hydrogel is not obtained, but the outcome has rather a solid structure. In the case of cork, the water absorption depends on the fraction of the material.
Hydrogel Use in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Bal Zeynep , Takakura Nobuyuki
Published: August 2024

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a vascular disease of unknown etiology and can be categorized mainly into two types: non-traumatic and traumatic ONFH. Thus, understanding osteogenic–angiogenic coupling is of prime importance in finding a solution for the treatment of ONFH. Hydrogels are biomaterials that are similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM). As they are able to mimic real tissue, they meet one of the most important rules in tissue engineering. In ONFH studies, hydrogels have recently become popular because of their ability to retain water and their adjustable properties, injectability, and mimicry of natural ECM. Because bone regeneration and graft materials are very broad areas of research and ONFH is a complex situation including bone and vascular systems, and there is no settled treatment strategy for ONFH worldwide, in this review paper, we followed a top-down approach by reviewing (1) bone and bone grafting, (2) hydrogels, (3) vascular systems, and (4) ONFH and hydrogel use in ONFH with studies in the literature which show promising results in limited clinical studies. The aim of this review paper is to provide the reader with general information on every aspect of ONFH and to focus on the hydrogel used in ONFH.
Natural Regenerative Hydrogels for Wound Healing
Authors: Chelu Mariana , Calderon Moreno Jose M. , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Popa Monica
Published: August 2024

Regenerative hydrogels from natural polymers have come forth as auspicious materials for use in regenerative medicine, with interest attributed to their intrinsic biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ability to reassemble the extracellular matrix. This review covers the latest advances in regenerative hydrogels used for wound healing, focusing on their chemical composition, cross-linking mechanisms, and functional properties. Key carbohydrate polymers, including alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and polysaccharide gums, including agarose, carrageenan, and xanthan gum, are discussed in terms of their sources, chemical structures and specific properties suitable for regenerative applications. The review further explores the categorization of hydrogels based on ionic charge, response to physiological stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature) and particularized roles in wound tissue self-healing. Various methods of cross-linking used to enhance the mechanical and biological performance of these hydrogels are also examined. By highlighting recent innovations and ongoing challenges, this article intends to give a detailed understanding of natural hydrogels and their potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine and improve patient healing outcomes.
A Whole-Genome Scan Revealed Genomic Features and Selection Footprints of Mengshan Cattle
Authors: Cheng Haijian , Lyu Yang , Liu Ziao , Li Chuanqing , Qu Kaixing , Li Shuang , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Ma Weidong , Qi Xingshan , Chen Ningbo , Lei Chuzhao
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Mengshan cattle from the Yimeng mountainous region in China stand out as a unique genetic resource, known for their adaptive traits and environmental resilience. However, these cattle are currently endangered and comprehensive genomic characterization remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the genomic features and selection signals in Mengshan cattle. (2) Methods: Utilizing whole-genome resequencing data from 122 cattle, including 37 newly sequenced Mengshan cattle, we investigated population structure, genetic diversity, and selection signals. (3) Results: Our analyses revealed that current Mengshan cattle primarily exhibit European taurine cattle ancestry, with distinct genetic characteristics indicative of adaptive traits. We identified candidate genes associated with immune response, growth traits, meat quality, and neurodevelopment, shedding light on the genomic features underlying the unique attributes of Mengshan cattle. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to insulin secretion, calcium signaling, and dopamine synapse, further elucidating the genetic basis of their phenotypic traits. (4) Conclusions: Our results provide valuable insights for further research and conservation efforts aimed at preserving this endangered genetic resource. This study enhances the understanding of population genetics and underscores the importance of genomic research in informing genetic resources and conservation initiatives for indigenous cattle breeds.
Effects of Songwriting Group Music Therapy Program among Informal Caregivers of Older Adults with Dependency
Authors: Pérez-Núñez Paula , Martínez Oscar , Espinosa Patricia , Perosanz Ane , García Irune , O'Callaghan Clare
Published: August 2024

Informal caregivers of older people face demanding responsibilities that can negatively affect their wellbeing, highlighting the relevance of interventions that address their specific needs. This study aimed to assess the effects of a group music therapy program based on different songwriting approaches applied to informal caregivers of older adults with dependency. A sample of 113 caregivers participated, being assigned either to the intervention (n = 60) or the control group (n = 53). The intervention group caregivers received 10 weekly sessions of the songwriting program, while the control group continued with their usual care service. Psychological symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at baseline and follow-up using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Zarit Burden Interview, and SF-36. Group × Time interactions revealed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control one in trait anxiety (p = 0.022), social functioning (p = 0.013), role limitations due to physical problems (p = 0.020), and physical component summary (p = 0.022). These findings provided valuable evidence on this novel intervention, showing positive effects for caregivers’ wellbeing. The current research emphasizes the importance of considering music therapy as a potential intervention among caregiver support programs.
A Systematic Review of Online Medical Consultation Research
Authors: Shen Tian , Li Yu , Chen Xi
Published: August 2024

Online medical consultation is a form of medical service that facilitates interactions between patients and doctors online, offering significant utility and value. This review aims to retrieve, screen, and analyze articles related to online medical consultations, formulating a theoretical framework and proposing future research directions. According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus, retrieving a total of 4072 English records on 16 December 2023. After rigorous screening, 75 articles were included in this review. Among these, 8 articles focused on patients utilizing online medical consultation platforms, 5 on doctors participating in online medical platforms, 18 on patients’ choice of doctors, 12 on doctors providing services, 7 on online reviews of patients, 14 on service quality for patients, 8 on rewards to doctors, and 11 on the spillover effect between online and offline services. These themes comprise the theoretical framework of the starting point, process, and outcomes of the online medical consultation system, providing a comprehensive understanding of the field and a foundation for future research.
Evaporation from Porous Rock: Deciphering the Importance of Measuring the Evaporation Front Depth
Authors: Slavík Martin , Lanzendörfer Martin
Published: August 2024

The study is concerned with the rate of evaporation from porous rock, including the second stage of evaporation characterised by the existence of a dry surface layer separated from the wet capillary zone by a sharp evaporation front. The main objective is to investigate the relationship between the depth of evaporation front and the rate of evaporation as the drying process progresses, and to compare measured evaporation rate with the corresponding calculated values. Sandstone core samples saturated with water were allowed to dry naturally under room conditions, while the changes in the evaporation rate and the depth of evaporation front, among other quantities, were measured. We demonstrate that the evaporation rate can be very accurately determined from the depth of the evaporation front and the ambient air temperature and relative humidity using Fick’s law for water-vapor diffusion. During the second stage of evaporation, the diffusion flux through the dry surface layer is computed using the water-vapor diffusion coefficient of the rock, determined from a separate wet cup experiment. In order to cover the first stage of evaporation, an additional parameter characterising the diffusion layer of air above the surface is required, either determined by the best fit to the measured evaporation rates, or adopted from previous studies. The calculated evaporation rate was in good agreement with measurements, with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.98 and relative error of the calculations averaging 15% over the evaporation front depths ranging from 0 to 29 mm. A workflow for determining the evaporation rate from sandstone outcrops is suggested, along with possible applications in sandstone weathering research.
Construction of Knowledge Graphs: Current State and Challenges
Authors: Hofer Marvin , Obraczka Daniel , Saeedi Alieh , Köpcke Hanna , Rahm Erhard
Published: August 2024

With Knowledge Graphs (KGs) at the center of numerous applications such as recommender systems and question-answering, the need for generalized pipelines to construct and continuously update such KGs is increasing. While the individual steps that are necessary to create KGs from unstructured sources (e.g., text) and structured data sources (e.g., databases) are mostly well researched for their one-shot execution, their adoption for incremental KG updates and the interplay of the individual steps have hardly been investigated in a systematic manner so far. In this work, we first discuss the main graph models for KGs and introduce the major requirements for future KG construction pipelines. Next, we provide an overview of the necessary steps to build high-quality KGs, including cross-cutting topics such as metadata management, ontology development, and quality assurance. We then evaluate the state of the art of KG construction with respect to the introduced requirements for specific popular KGs, as well as some recent tools and strategies for KG construction. Finally, we identify areas in need of further research and improvement.
Service Life Evaluation of Curved Intercity Rail Bridges Based on Fatigue Failure
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Chen Shaolin , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiang
Published: August 2024

There are curved bridge structures in the intercity rail line. During the operation of bridges, they are subjected to train loads, resulting in stress amplitudes of the construction materials; during operation, when the train interval is short, the fatigue performance of the bridge should be emphasized. Unlike straight bridges, when a train travels on a curved bridge, it tends to move in the original direction, which undoubtedly causes the train to deviate from the track. Therefore, it is necessary to set the track deflection to limit this movement trend, which will also impart radial forces on the track structure, and the reaction force of this force is called centripetal force. Under the action of centripetal force, the train generates a virtual force called centrifugal force. The material stress amplitude caused by centrifugal force and the vertical force both need to be considered. Therefore, a curved train–bridge coupled system was established to simulate the dynamic stress of the train passing through a curved bridge, and the stress amplitude and cycle number of the dynamic stress time–history curve were analyzed based on the rain-flow method. The cumulative damage of the bridge under different curve radii, different train speeds, different lengths of span, and different operation interval times was analyzed, and the fatigue life was calculated. The results show that the influence of centrifugal force at a small curve radius cannot be ignored. In addition, the cumulative damage and service life are greatly affected by the train speed and bridge span; especially when the train speed is close to the resonance speed, the service life is significantly reduced. Finally, the recommended values for the train passing speed for curved bridges with different spans are given. It was suggested that the design speed of a curved bridge with a span of 25 m, 30 m, and 35 m should be set in the range of 70 to 106 km/h, 78 to 86 km/h, and about 75 km/h, respectively.
Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation among Patients of Very Low Socioeconomic Status Living in Colombia
Authors: Ghisi Gabriela L. M. , Bomtempo Ana Paula Delgado , Gonzalez Nelson F. , Reyes Giovanna Patricia , Anchique Claudia V.
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health burden, particularly among individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in addressing CVD outcomes among very low-SES patients in Colombia. Data from participants enrolled in a CR program in Colombia between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Measures included heart-healthy behaviors, physical/psychological outcomes, and quality of life assessed at 18, 36, and 60 sessions. Significant improvements were observed in exercise capacity, psychological well-being, and quality of life metrics throughout the CR program. However, barriers to CR attendance and the critical need for expanded program availability remain evident, particularly in LMIC settings like Colombia. In conclusion, structured CR programs demonstrate substantial benefits for very low-SES individuals in a LMIC country, highlighting the urgent need for increased program accessibility and equitable healthcare provision to optimize cardiovascular health outcomes.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Eclampsia
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Svigkou Asimenia , Dima Ioanna , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: August 2024

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect approximately 5% to 10% of pregnant women. Eclampsia is a serious hypertensive disorder that is primarily characterized by the onset of grand mal seizure activity in the absence of other causative conditions. While eclampsia is diagnosed clinically, laboratory tests are recommended to assess for complications. Treatment strategies for eclampsia focus on controlling seizures and managing hypertension. Acute care during a seizure is critical because of the need for immediate medical interventions, including the management of the airway, breathing, and circulation, as well as ensuring the safety of the patient during convulsions. Magnesium sulfate is the preferred anticonvulsant drug. Care must be taken during administration to prevent magnesium toxicity. Antihypertensive drugs used in eclampsia include labetalol, hydralazine and nifedipine. The definitive treatment of eclampsia is delivery. Close monitoring of both mother and fetus is important to identify any indications for delivery. The timing and mode of delivery depend on obstetric indications, the severity of eclampsia, the gestational age of the fetus, and the overall clinical status of the patient. Neuraxial anesthesia is the anesthesia of choice for conscious, seizure-free, and with stable vital signs women undergoing cesarean section.
Navigating Perceived Stress: Experiences of Nursing Students Completing Internships during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
Authors: Merino-Godoy María-Ángeles , Aceijas Zaida Montero , Martín María Cano , Gago-Valiente Francisco-Javier , Abengozar Alberto Vega , Padilla Juan María Pérez , Costa Emilia Teixeira da
Published: August 2024

Background: University students often experience psychological strains such as academic stress, particularly as they approach the transition into the workforce. This stress may have been heightened for nursing students who completed internships during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceived stress levels of undergraduate nursing students. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted using the Spanish version of the PSS-10 scale, a validated reduction of the English version PSS-14, to evaluate perceived stress. The responses are Likert-type with a total score range of 0 to 40. Questionnaires were distributed electronically to nursing students across all academic years who were engaged in clinical practice. Participation was voluntary. Results: The study included 487 students, the majority of whom were women (78.4%) with an average age of 23.51 years. Most participants were in their third and fourth years (67%). The mean perceived stress score was 20.65 (SD = 5.62) out of a possible 40, indicating moderate stress levels. Statistically significant differences in perceived stress were found between genders, with women reporting higher stress levels than men (Mann–Whitney U = 15,380.000; p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the overall perceived stress score and gender, as well as between specific items on the PSS-10 scale and gender, highlighting the importance of gender-specific stress management interventions. Conclusions: Nursing students reported moderate levels of perceived stress, with women experiencing higher stress levels than men. These findings highlight the need for targeted stress management interventions for nursing students, especially during health crises. Addressing gender-specific stressors and fostering a supportive educational environment will enhance students’ well-being, academic success, and professional preparedness.
Effect of Inter-Hospital Transfer on Mortality in Patients Admitted through the Emergency Department
Authors: Song Jei-Joon , Lee Si-Jin , Song Ju-Hyun , Lee Sung-Woo , Kim Su-Jin , Han Kap-Su
Published: August 2024

Background: Despite advancements in emergency medical systems, inter-hospital transfer (IHT) remains a critical component. Several studies have analyzed the impact of IHT on patient outcomes. Some studies have reported positive effects, indicating that transfers can improve patient prognosis. However, other studies have suggested that transfers may worsen outcomes. We investigated whether IHT is associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data on patient outcomes from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) from 2016 to 2018, focusing on patients admitted to hospitals after visiting the emergency department (ED). The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate. Results: This study included 2,955,476 adult patients admitted to emergency medical centers, with 832,598 (28.2%) undergoing IHT. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the transfer group (6.9%) than in the non-transfer group (4.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that IHT was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.114, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.101–1.128) after adjusting for variables. Sub-analysis indicated that higher severity scores, shorter symptom onset-to-arrival duration, and diagnoses of infectious or respiratory diseases were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality among transferred patients. Conclusions: This study identifies IHT as a significant factor associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Additionally, it suggested the need for policies to mitigate the risks associated with IHT, particularly in critically ill patients, those with the acute phase response, and those with infectious, genitourinary, and respiratory diseases.
Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with or without Previous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Interventions Undergoing Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Bencardino Gianluigi , Narducci Maria Lucia , Scacciavillani Roberto , Gabrielli Francesca Augusta , Pelargonio Gemma , Massetti Massimo , Crea Filippo , Lanza Gaetano Antonio
Published: August 2024

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established treatment in patients with ventricular tachycardia and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies. Methods: We enrolled 57 consecutive carriers of ICD undergoing CA for electrical storm (ES). Our aim was to investigate differences in clinical, device-related, and electroanatomic features among patients who had history of appropriate ICD interventions before the ES compared to those who had not. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause and recurrences of sustained VT, ventricular fibrillation, appropriate ICD therapy, or ES. Results: During a median follow up of 39 months, 28 patients (49%) met the primary endpoint. Those with previous ICD interventions had a higher prevalence of late potentials and a greater unipolar low-voltage area at electroanatomic mapping. Patients who met the primary endpoint had a higher prevalence of ATP/shock episodes preceding the ES event. At Cox regression analysis, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM), QRS duration, and previous ATP and/or shock before the ES were associated with arrhythmic recurrences and/or death. At multivariate analysis, NIDCM and previous shock were associated with arrhythmic recurrences and/or death. Conclusions: A history of recurrent ICD therapies predicts worse outcomes when CA is needed because of ES. Although more studies are needed to definitively address this question, our data speak in support of an early referral for CA of ES.
Perioperative Use of IgM-Enriched Immunoglobulins in Liver Transplantation Recipients at High Risk for Infections: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Roat Erika , Tosi Martina , Coloretti Irene , Bondi Filippo , Chierego Giovanni , De Julis Stefano , Talamonti Marta , Biagioni Emanuela , Busani Stefano , Di Sandro Stefano , Franceschini Erika , Guerrini Gian Piero , Meschiari Marianna , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Mussini Cristina , Girardis Massimo
Published: August 2024

Background: Infections frequently occur after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and are associated with increased mortality. In 2018, we introduced perioperative administration of intravenous immunoglobulin enriched in IgM as an optional therapy in recipients at a high risk of infection. This preliminary study evaluated whether this preparation reduced infections in the early post-transplantation period. Methods: Adult patients with a high risk of postoperative infections who underwent OLT between January 2014 and December 2021 in our center were included in the study. The primary outcome was the occurrence of new postoperative bacterial and fungal infections within the first 30 days after OLT. Results: Ninety recipients at a high risk of postoperative infections who underwent OLT were included, of whom 51 (57%) received IgM preparation. Patients treated and not treated with IgM were similar in terms of demographics, model of end-stage liver disease score, and risk factors for postoperative infections. The occurrence of new infections was lower (absolute risk reduction (ARR) 21.2%; p = 0.038) in patients who received IgM than in those who did not. Multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders (OR 0.348; p = 0.033) and propensity score-based matching analysis (ARR 21.2%, p = 0.067) confirmed an association between IgM preparation and lower occurrence of postoperative infections. The 90-day mortality rate was lower (ARR 13.4%, p = 0.018) in patients who received IgM preparation. Conclusions: In OLT recipients at high risk for infections, perioperative administration of an IgM-enriched preparation seems to reduce the development of new infections within the first 30 days after OLT.
Analysis of the Effects of Epidural Anesthesia on the Nociception Level Index (NOL®) during Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Ziebart Alexander , Rothgerber David-Jonas , Woldt Sophia , Mackert Katharina , Heiden Julia , Schuster Michael , Kamuf Jens , Griemert Eva-Verena , Ruemmler Robert
Published: August 2024

Background: The NOL® system (PMD-200™ Nociception Level Monitor; Medasense Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) is used for the real-time detection of physiological nociception in anesthetized patients by assessing the parameters indicative of sympathetic activity, such as photoplethysmography, skin conductance, peripheral temperature, and accelerometry, which are quantified into the NOL®-Index. This index is more sensitive than traditional clinical parameters in estimating pain and stress responses. While its effectiveness in general anesthesia is well documented, its efficacy in epidural anesthesia needs further investigation. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed NOL®-Index dynamics compared to conventional parameters after epidural administration of bupivacaine. Following ethics committee approval, 119 NOL® measurements were retrospectively analyzed after thoracic epidural catheter administration in 40 patients undergoing abdominal and urological surgery. The NOL-Index® was assessed at 0, 1, 3, and 5 min post application and compared to heart rate, blood pressure, and bispectral index dynamics. Results: This study showed a significant decrease in the NOL®-Index post-local-anesthetic administration with better sensitivity than classical clinical parameters (0 min = 38 ± 11; 1 min = 22 ± 13*; 3 min = 17 ± 11*; 5 min = 12 ± 10*). Higher doses of local anesthetics led to a significant, dose-dependent decrease in NOL®-Index (low dose, 5 min = 15 ± 10*; high dose, 5 min = 8 ± 8*). Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of the NOL®-Index in measuring nociceptive effects following epidural administration, highlighting its potential superiority over conventional parameters and its sensitivity to dose variations.
Patient-Tailored Therapy for Complex Aortic Arch Anatomy: An Evolving Research Field with Custom-Made Solutions
Authors: Linardi Daniele , Gardellini Jacopo , Boschetti Vincenzo , Di Nicola Venanzio , Denora Mariateresa , Puntel Gino , Puppini Giovanni , Luciani Giovanni B.
Published: August 2024

The treatment of complex aortic pathologies requires specialized techniques and tailored approaches due to each patient’s unique anatomical and clinical challenges. The European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) new guidelines identify the aorta as the body’s 24th organ and reiterate that multidisciplinary aortic teams are recommended for shared decision-making to determine optimal treatment strategies. Patients treated for conditions such as aneurysms, dissections, intramural hematomas, or penetrating aortic ulcers may develop complex forms over time, necessitating careful follow-up and timely corrective actions. Endovascular solutions can be favorable for older patients with complex anatomies and multiple comorbidities. However, when endovascular treatment is not feasible, hybrid treatments or open surgery must be considered if the patient’s condition allows it. The risk–benefit ratio of each procedure must be carefully evaluated; choosing the best intervention or deciding not to intervene becomes a critical and challenging decision. At our Cardiac Surgery Center in Verona, a multidisciplinary team with over 20 years of experience in treating complex aortic arch pathologies extensively discussed different cases of complex aortic pathologies treated with endovascular, hybrid, or surgical approaches, emphasizing the importance of considering both anatomical and patient-specific characteristics. The decisions and treatments were often challenging, and unanimity was not always achieved, reflecting the complexity of finding the best solutions.