bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weisiopsis nigeriana (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) new to Australia, with perennating rhizoids
Authors: Zander Richard H , Sollman Philip
Published: June 2017

The widely distributed but rarely collected moss Weisiopsis nigeriana (Egun. & Olarinmoye) R.H.Zander is reported as new to Australia. The world range is reviewed, and an illustration given. Unique inflated rhizoids of bulging short cells filled with dense protoplasm and oil globules are an apparent mode of survival during dry periods.
Hibbertia fumana (Dilleniaceae), a species presumed to be extinct rediscovered in the Sydney region, Australia
Authors: Duretto Marco F. , Orme Andrew , Rodd Jane , Stables Mark , Toelken Hellmut
Published: June 2017

Hibbertia fumana Sieber ex Toelken (Dilleniaceae), a species thought to be extinct, was rediscovered during routine botanical surveys in western Sydney. A revised description, including for the first time that of fruit and seed, is provided along with ecological notes, an illustration, and a photograph.
Integrated geophysical characteristics of the 2015 Illapel, Chile, earthquake
Authors: Herman Matthew W. , Nealy Jennifer L. , Yeck William L. , Barnhart William D. , Hayes Gavin P. , Furlong Kevin P. , Benz Harley M.
Published: June 2017

On 16 September 2015, aMw8.3 earthquake ruptured the subduction zone offshore of Illapel, Chile, generating an aftershock sequence with 14Mw6.0–7.0 events. A double sourceWphase moment tensor inversion consists of aMw7.2 subevent and the mainMw8.2 phase. We determine two slip models for the mainshock, one using teleseismic broadband waveforms and the other using static GPS and InSAR surface displacements, which indicate high slip north of the epicenter and west‐northwest of the epicenter near the oceanic trench. These models and slip distributions published in other studies suggest spatial slip uncertainties of ~25 km and have peak slip values that vary by a factor of 2. We relocate aftershock hypocenters using a Bayesian multiple‐event relocation algorithm, revealing a cluster of aftershocks under the Chilean coast associated with deep (20–45 km depth) mainshock slip. Less vigorous aftershock activity also occurred near the trench and along strike of the main aftershock region. Most aftershocks are thrust‐faulting events, except for normal‐faulting events near the trench. Coulomb failure stress change amplitudes and signs are uncertain for aftershocks collocated with deeper mainshock slip; other aftershocks are more clearly associated with loading from the mainshock. These observations reveal a frictionally heterogeneous interface that ruptured in patches at seismogenic depths (associated with many aftershocks) and with homogeneous slip (and few aftershocks) up to the trench. This event likely triggered seismicity separate from the main slip region, including along‐strike events on the megathrust and intraplate extensional events.
Kinematic evidence for the effect of changing plate boundary conditions on the tectonics of the northern U.S. Rockies
Authors: Schmeelk Dylan , Bendick Rebecca , Stickney Michael , Bomberger Cody
Published: June 2017

We derive surface velocities from GPS sites in the interior Northwest U.S. relative to a fixed North American reference frame to investigate surface tectonic kinematics from the Snake River Plain (SRP) to the Canadian border. The Centennial Tectonic Belt (CTB) on the northern margin of the SRP exhibits west directed extensional velocity gradients and strain distributions similar to the main Basin and Range Province (BRP) suggesting that the CTB is part of the BRP. North of the CTB, however, the vergence of velocities relative to North America switches from westward to eastward along with a concomitant rotation of the principal stress axes based on available seismic focal mechanisms, revealing paired extension in the northern Rockies and shortening across the Rocky Mountain Front. This change in orientation of surface velocities suggests that the change in the boundary conditions on the western margin of North America influences the direction of gravitational collapse of Laramide thickened crust. Throughout the study region, fault slip rate estimates calculated from the new geodetic velocity field are consistently larger than previously reported fault slip rates determined from limited geomorphic and paleoseismic studies.
Carbon dating reveals a seasonal progression in the source of particulate organic carbon exported from the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Kohler T. J. , Žárský J. D. , Yde J. C. , Lamarche‐Gagnon G. , Hawkings J. R. , Tedstone A. J. , Wadham J. L. , Box J. E. , Beaton A. D. , Stibal M.
Published: June 2017

Surface melt from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) collects particulate organic carbon (POC) as it drains into subglacial environments and transports it downstream where it serves as a microbial substrate. We hypothesized that older POC is entrained by meltwaters as the subglacial drainage network expands upglacier over the summer. To test this, POC samples were collected from a meltwater river exiting the GrIS over an ablation season and 14C dated. Resulting values were compared with meltwater hydrochemistry and satellite observations of the catchment area. We found that POC ages increased from ~5000 to ~9000 years B.P. until peak discharge and catchment size. Afterward, significant fluctuations in POC age were observed, interpreted to result from periods of high and low subglacial hydrological pressure and sediment supply and subsequent exhaustion. These observations suggest a seasonal progression in the source of POC exported from the GrIS and provide evidence for a seasonally evolving subglacial drainage system.
Variation of atmospheric electric field measured at Vostok, Antarctica, during St. Patrick's Day storms on 24th solar cycle
Authors: Jeni Victor N. , Frank‐Kamenetsky A. V. , Manu S. , Panneerselvam C.
Published: June 2017

The influence of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction on the atmospheric electric field is investigated in connection with the two severe geomagnetic storms during 24th solar cycle. The observation was carried out at Vostok (78°27′S, 106°52′E), Antarctica, during 17–18 March 2013 and 17–18 March 2015. Two consecutive substorms were observed at Vostok during the main phase of geomagnetic storms, where the disturbed ionospheric current is antisunward in the morning sector (~04:00–10:00 UT) and sunward in the noon‐afternoon sector (~11:00–16:00 UT). Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind interaction enhance the ionospheric potential, which in turn couple with Potential Gradient (PG) measured at ground level. Eventually, for the first time, the slope of ~1.0 Vm−1 per kV has been demonstrated between Vostok PG and overhead ionospheric potential (Weimer_05) during intense (Kp = 8) geomagnetic perturbation. The linear relation between PG and overhead potential is highly significant on positive coupling, i.e., positive ΔPG changes, whereas the offset of ~25 V/m has been estimated with negative coupling. Ionospheric convection map from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network is more compatible with PG on positive coupling, and for negative changes of PG, radar observation is more consistent than the Weimer_05 model. Ionospheric electric potential from radar observation and empirical model is highly compromised when a polar cap is dominated by a single negative potential region associated with IMF By ≪ 0. It is inferred that superposed overhead ionospheric potential on Vostok PG is highly effective when IMF maintained a steady flow, whereas it is less significance for rapid changes of solar wind‐IMF parameters.
Unique concurrent observations of whistler mode hiss, chorus, and triggered emissions
Authors: Hosseini Poorya , Gołkowski Mark , Turner Drew L.
Published: June 2017

We present a unique 2 h ground‐based observation of concurrent magnetospheric hiss, chorus, VLF triggered emissions as well as ELF/VLF signals generated locally by the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility. Eccentricity of observed wave polarization is used as a criteria to identify magnetospheric emissions and estimate their ionospheric exit points. The observations of hiss and chorus in the unique background of coherent HAARP ELF/VLF waves and triggered emissions allow for more accurate characterization of hiss and chorus properties than in typical ground‐based observations. Eccentricity and azimuth results suggest a moving ionospheric exit point associated with a single ducted path at L ~ 5. The emissions exhibit dynamics in time suggesting an evolution of a magnetospheric source from hiss generation to chorus generation or a moving plasmapause location. We introduce a frequency band‐limited autocorrelation method to quantify the relative coherency of the emissions. A range of coherency was observed from high order of coherency in local HAARP transmissions and their echoes to lower coherency in natural chorus and hiss emissions.
Crossin’ the Bridge: A Participatory Approach to Filmmaking
Authors: Maginess Tess
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the value of participatory filmmaking with “marginalized” learners tackling the issue of mental illness in a border community.
Moving from Pictures to Social Action: An Introduction to Photovoice as a Participatory Action Tool
Authors: Mayfield‐Johnson Susan , Butler James
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides an overview of a community‐based approach to documentary photography known as photovoice and describes how Community Health Advisors in Mississippi and Alabama used photovoice to empower themselves and take action by becoming active partners in their individual and in their community's health.
Merging Art and Educative Practice: Using Paintings as an Approach to Developing Antiracist Pedagogy
Authors: Ellis Auburn E.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes how painting can be utilized as a method for instructing antiracist pedagogy.
Lewis Base Catalytic Properties of [Nb10O28]6− for CO2 Fixation to Epoxide: Kinetic and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Hayashi Shun , Yamazoe Seiji , Koyasu Kiichirou , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: June 2017

The decaniobate cluster (TBA)6[Nb10O28] (TBA+=tetrabutylammonium cation) was found to act as a Lewis base catalyst for fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to styrene oxide (SO). A kinetic study showed that the cycloaddition of CO2 adsorbed on [Nb10O28]6− with SO corresponds to the rate‐determining step in the Eley–Rideal mechanism. Density functional theory calculation predicted that CO2 on the corner and edge O atoms of [Nb10O28]6− is negatively charged and thus activated for nucleophilic attack on SO.
Co‐utilization of hexoses by a microconsortium of sugar‐specific E. coli strains
Authors: Chappell Todd C. , Nair Nikhil U.
Published: June 2017

Escherichia coli is an important commercial species used for production of biofuels, biopolymers, organic acids, sugar alcohols, and natural compounds. Processed biomass and agroindustrial byproducts serve as low‐cost nutrient sources and contain a variety of hexoses available for bioconversion. However, metabolism of hexose mixtures by E. coli is inefficient due to carbon catabolite repression (CCR), where the transport and catabolic activity of one or more carbon sources is repressed and/or inhibited by the transport and catabolism of another carbon source. In this work, we developed a microconsortium of different E. coli strains, each engineered to preferentially catabolize a different hexose—glucose, galactose, or mannose. We modified the specificity and preference of carbon source using a combination of rational strain design and adaptive evolution. The modifications ultimately resulted in strains that preferentially catabolized their specified sugar. Finally, comparative analysis in galactose‐ and mannose‐rich sugar mixtures revealed that the consortium grew faster and to higher cell densities compared to the wild‐type strain. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2309–2318. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of acid phosphatase variants for the synthesis of phosphate monoesters
Authors: Tasnádi Gábor , Zechner Michaela , Hall Mélanie , Baldenius Kai , Ditrich Klaus , Faber Kurt
Published: June 2017

The major drawback of using phosphatases for transphosphorylation reactions lies in product depletion caused by the natural hydrolytic activity of the enzymes. Variants of PhoC‐Mm from Morganella morganii and NSAP‐Eb from Escherichia blattae were studied for their ability to maintain a high product level in the transphosphorylation of various primary alcohols. A single amino acid exchange delivered phosphatase variant PhoC‐Mm G92D, which was able to catalyze the phosphorylation of primary alcohols without any major hydrolysis of the formed phosphate esters. The mutation mostly improved the affinity of the enzyme for alcohols, while rate constants of transphosphorylation and hydrolysis were decreased, overall resulting in a superior catalytic efficiency in transphosphorylation compared to hydrolysis. The presence of residual substrate alcohol at a given concentration was crucial to suppress phosphate ester hydrolysis. The present work extends the synthetic applicability of phosphatase variants beyond the previously reported nucleosides and allows preparative‐scale production of various primary phosphate esters (yields up to 42%) with high enzyme productivity (TONs up to ∼66,000). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2187–2195. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improve your Title IX response by working with your registrar
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2017

MINNEAPOLIS — When dealing with Title IX issues, you may have an unexpected ally on campus: the Registrar's Office. Staff members in that office are often heavily involved with Title IX concerns.
Utilization of UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS‐Based Metabolomics and AFLP‐Based Marker‐Assisted Selection to Facilitate/Assist Conventional Breeding of Polygala tenuifolia
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Dan‐Dan , Xu Xiao‐Shuang , Bai Lu , Peng Bing , Pu Ya‐Jie , Tian Hong‐Ling , Qin Xue‐Mei , Zhang Fu‐Sheng , Ma Cun‐Gen
Published: June 2017

As one of the most important traditional Chinese medicine, the quality of Polygala tenuifolia is difficult to control and a new method must be established to facilitate/assist the breeding of P. tenuifolia. In this study, UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS‐based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition and screen metabolite biomarkers according to agronomic traits. A total of 29 compounds and 18 metabolite biomarkers were found. AFLP‐based marker‐assisted selection (MAS) was used to identify molecular marker bands and screen characteristic bands associated with specific agronomic traits. 184 bands and 76 characteristic AFLP bands were found. The correlation network between compounds and characteristic AFLP bands was built, so we may directly breed certain P. tenuifolia herbs with special agronomic traits (or characteristic AFLP bands), which exhibit specific pharmacological functions depending on the content of the active compounds. The proposed method of metabolomics coupled with MAS could facilitate/assist the breeding of P. tenuifolia.
Called to Medicine: Physicians’ Experiences of Career Calling
Authors: Bott Elizabeth M. , Duffy Ryan D. , Borges Nicole J. , Braun Tara L. , Jordan Kevin P. , Marino Joshua F.
Published: June 2017

Using consensual qualitative research methodology, the authors explored physicians’ (N = 17) career calling experiences through semistructured interviews. Eight domains emerged: definition of calling, development of calling, calling's fit with career, maintenance of calling, emotional well‐being, relationships, recreation, and future. Within these domains, 17 general and 40 typical categories emerged. Results suggest physicians’ callings were influenced by others, met with both support and barriers, and chosen because of fit with interests, prosocial motivation, or religious/spiritual influences. Calling positively and negatively influenced emotional well‐being, relationships, and recreation and was expected to continue after retirement. Counselors are encouraged to use a narrative lens to conceptualize clients’ calling development, use job crafting techniques to support calling maintenance, and prepare clients for postretirement career calling development. Future research might examine when and why a medical calling's strength may change over time.
The Relation of Negative Career Thoughts to Depression and Hopelessness
Authors: Dieringer Daniel D. , Lenz Janet G. , Hayden Seth C. W. , Peterson Gary W.
Published: June 2017

Although some research literature focuses on the integration of mental health and career counseling, there has been little that examines both areas in relation to depression and hopelessness. This study investigated the relationship among dysfunctional career thinking, depression, and hopelessness in a sample of 139 undergraduate and graduate students seeking drop‐in or individual career counseling services at a university career center. The authors found that two aspects of dysfunctional career thinking, decision‐making confusion and commitment anxiety, accounted for a significant amount of variance in depression. Decision‐making confusion also accounted for a significant amount of variance in hopelessness. Implications for counseling practice include the need for more careful screening of career clients who present with high levels of anxiety and negative thinking. Future research could involve more diverse client populations, such as unemployed adults, and explore the use of additional screening measures to assess the intersection of career and mental health issues.
MONITORING CRUSTAL DEFORMATION AND GRAVITY CHANGE CAUSED BY THE TERRESTRIAL WATER LOAD IN THE THREE GORGES AREA BASE ON CORS NETWORK
Authors: Wei WANG , Ya‐Min DANG , Chuan‐Yin ZHANG , Li‐Feng BAO , Shi‐Ming LIANG , Zhi‐Tang HE , Zheng‐Bo ZOU
Published: June 2017

The Three Gorges region is rich in water resources. With the added impact of impoundment and discharge of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the regional hydrodynamic environment is complex, and research on the impacts of this terrestrial water is still relatively scarce. Using the CORS network supplemented by a small amount of gravity station data, and using the load deformation and gravitational field spherical harmonic analysis method, the crustal deformation and gravity changes caused by the terrestrial water in the Three Gorges area are studied. We find that it is possible to use the CORS network to monitor the crustal deformation and ground‐level gravity changes that are caused by the terrestrial water load. The impact of the terrestrial water load is up to the centimeter‐level on the vertical deformation, less on the horizontal deformation, and up to hundreds of microgals in the ground level gravity variations. From January 2011 to June 2015, the vertical deformation caused by the terrestrial water load change tends to be balanced, and the influences of gravity changes are mainly concentrated in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the Jianghan Plain. Except for some areas, the crustal vertical deformations caused by the terrestrial water measured by CORS and GRACE are highly consistent in their distribution patterns and trends. In this paper, the research results can be used for monitoring the hydrodynamic environment and for the protection and utilization of water resources, which can also be used to dynamically maintain the elevation and gravity benchmarks.
Influence of Crude Oil on Denitrification in Subtidal Sediments in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Kleinhuizen Alice A. , Bernard Rebecca J. , Mortazavi Behzad
Published: June 2017

In this study the impact of hydrocarbons on nitrogen cycling in intertidal sediments from a barrier island in the north central Gulf of Mexico was investigated. Initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of the sediments averaged 49 ± 27 mg kg−1 in June and 75 ± 48 mg kg−1 in November. Following the addition of crude oil, TPH concentrations increased to 340 ± 73 and 296 ± 50 mg kg−1 in June and November, respectively. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD), inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes, and denitrification capacity, measured with the isotope pairing technique (IPT) within a week of oiling, were consistently higher in June compared to rates in November when temperatures were 10°C lower. Despite significantly higher TPH concentrations in the oiled treatments, SOD, nutrient fluxes, nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and anammox, did not differ between the treatments. Potential denitrification rates, measured in the presence of excess nitrate (100 μM), were similar between the control and oil treatments, but significantly higher than rates measured with the IPT. The elevated rates of potential denitrification suggest the presence of an active extant microbial community capable of significant attenuation of porewater nitrate concentrations. The insignificant changes in nitrogen cycling in response to petroleum hydrocarbon additions at a site with hydrocarbons present, albeit at low concentrations, suggests resiliency in nitrogen cycling in response to additional hydrocarbon inputs in ranges investigated in this study.
Specimen acquisition: ROSEs, gardeners, and gatekeepers
Authors: Kraft Adele O.
Published: June 2017

The use of minimally invasive procedures for diagnosis and treatment decisions means that very often cytological samples are the only material available for testing. Cytology has evolved from a strictly morphological approach to the routine use of immunohistochemistry. The advent of personalized medicine has increased the demand for molecular testing, making rapid on‐site evaluation even more relevant. This article presents current rapid on‐site evaluation practice patterns in different settings, with a special focus on the variety of professionals involved. Technological advances such as telepathology can help to alleviate distance constraints. This article also provides an overview of telecytopathology, describing challenges to its implementation and how to address them. Issues such as hardware, personnel training, communication, guidelines, validation, use, and future directions are highlighted. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125(6 suppl):449‐54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Estimating the accuracy of a reduced‐order model for the calculation of fractional flow reserve (FFR)
Authors: Boileau Etienne , Pant Sanjay , Roobottom Carl , Sazonov Igor , Deng Jingjing , Xie Xianghua , Nithiarasu Perumal
Published: June 2017

Image‐based noninvasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an emergent approach to determine the functional relevance of coronary stenoses. The present work aimed to determine the feasibility of using a method based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and reduced‐order models (0D‐1D) for the evaluation of coronary stenoses. The reduced‐order methodology (cFFRRO) was kept as simple as possible and did not include pressure drop or stenosis models. The geometry definition was incorporated into the physical model used to solve coronary flow and pressure. cFFRRO was assessed on a virtual cohort of 30 coronary artery stenoses in 25 vessels and compared with a standard approach based on 3D computational fluid dynamics (cFFR3D). In this proof‐of‐concept study, we sought to investigate the influence of geometry and boundary conditions on the agreement between both methods. Performance on a per‐vessel level showed a good correlation between both methods (Pearson's product‐moment R=0.885, P<0.01), when using cFFR3D as the reference standard. The 95% limits of agreement were −0.116 and 0.08, and the mean bias was −0.018 (SD =0.05). Our results suggest no appreciable difference between cFFRRO and cFFR3D with respect to lesion length and/or aspect ratio. At a fixed aspect ratio, however, stenosis severity and shape appeared to be the most critical factors accounting for differences in both methods. Despite the assumptions inherent to the 1D formulation, asymmetry did not seem to affect the agreement. The choice of boundary conditions is critical in obtaining a functionally significant drop in pressure. Our initial data suggest that this approach may be part of a broader risk assessment strategy aimed at increasing the diagnostic yield of cardiac catheterisation for in‐hospital evaluation of haemodynamically significant stenoses.
Comprehensive color solutions: CAM16, CAT16, and CAM16‐UCS
Authors: Li Changjun , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Zhifeng , Xu Yang , Luo Ming Ronnier , Cui Guihua , Melgosa Manuel , Brill Michael H. , Pointer Michael
Published: June 2017

The CIECAM02 color‐appearance model enjoys popularity in scientific research and industrial applications since it was recommended by the CIE in 2002. However, it has been found that computational failures can occur in certain cases such as during the image processing of cross‐media color reproduction applications. Some proposals have been developed to repair the CIECAM02 model. However, all the proposals developed have the same structure as the original CIECAM02 model and solve the problems concerned at the expense of losing accuracy of predicted visual data compared with the original model. In this article, the structure of the CIECAM02 model is changed and the color and luminance adaptations to the illuminant are completed in the same space rather than in two different spaces, as in the original CIECAM02 model. It has been found that the new model (named CAM16) not only overcomes the previous problems, but also the performance in predicting the visual results is as good as if not better than that of the original CIECAM02 model. Furthermore the new CAM16 model is simpler than the original CIECAM02 model. In addition, if considering only chromatic adaptation, a new transformation, CAT16, is proposed to replace the previous CAT02 transformation. Finally, the new CAM16‐UCS uniform color space is proposed to replace the previous CAM02‐UCS space. A new complete solution for color‐appearance prediction and color‐difference evaluation can now be offered.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug–Drug Interaction of Sacubitril/Valsartan (LCZ696) and Sildenafil in Patients With Mild‐to‐Moderate Hypertension
Authors: Hsiao H‐L , Langenickel TH , Petruck J , Kode K , Ayalasomayajula S , Schuehly U , Greeley M , Pal P , Zhou W , Prescott MF , Sunkara G , Rajman I
Published: June 2017

Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) is indicated for the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Since patients with HFrEF may receive sacubitril/valsartan and sildenafil, both increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the present study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interaction potential between sacubitril/valsartan and sildenafil. In this open‐label, three‐period, single sequence study, patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension (153.8 ± 8.2 mmHg mean systolic blood pressure (SBP)) received a single dose of sildenafil 50 mg, sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg once daily for 5 days, and sacubitril/valsartan and sildenafil coadministration. When coadministered with sildenafil, the AUC and Cmax of valsartan decreased by 29% and 39%, respectively. Coadministration of sacubitril/valsartan and sildenafil resulted in a greater decrease in BP (–5/–4/–4 mmHg mean ambulatory SBP/DBP/MAP (mean arterial pressure)) than with sacubitril/valsartan alone. Both treatments were generally safe and well tolerated in this study; however, the additional BP reduction suggests that sildenafil should be administered cautiously in patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan. Unique identifier: NCT01601470.
Revisiting the specificity of the MHC class II transactivator CIITA in classical murine dendritic cells in vivo
Authors: Anderson David A. , Grajales‐Reyes Gary E. , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Vasquez Hueichucura Carlos E. , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M.
Published: June 2017

Ciita was discovered for its role in regulating transcription of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) genes. Subsequently, CIITA was predicted to control many other genes based on reporter and ChIP‐seq analysis but few such predictions have been verified in vivo using Ciita–/– mice. Testing these predictions for classical dendritic cells (cDCs) has been particularly difficult, since Ciita–/– mice lack MHCII expression required to identify cDCs. However, recent identification of the cDC‐specific transcription factor Zbtb46 allows the identification of cDCs independently of MHCII expression. We crossed Zbtb46gfp mice onto the Ciita–/– background and found that all cDC lineages developed in vivo in the absence of Ciita. We then compared the complete transcriptional profile of wild‐type and Ciita–/– cDCs to define the physiological footprint of CIITA for both immature and activated cDCs. We find that CIITA exerts a highly restricted control over only the MHCII, H2‐DO and H2‐DM genes, in DC1 and DC2 cDC subsets, but not over other proposed targets, including Ii. These findings emphasize the caveats needed in interpreting transcription factor binding sites identified by in‐vitro reporter analysis, or by ChIP‐seq, which may not necessarily indicate their functional activity in vivo.
Breast cancer cell obatoclax response characterization using passivated‐electrode insulator‐based dielectrophoresis
Authors: Soltanian‐Zadeh Sepeedah , Kikkeri Kruthika , Shajahan‐Haq Ayesha N. , Strobl Jeannine , Clarke Robert , Agah Masoud
Published: June 2017

Inherent electrical properties of cells can be beneficial to characterize different cell lines and their response to experimental drugs. This paper presents a novel method to characterize the response of breast cancer cells to drug stimuli through use of off‐chip passivated‐electrode insulator‐based dielectrophoresis (OπDEP) and the application of AC electric fields. This work is the first to demonstrate the ability of OπDEP to differentiate between two closely related breast cancer cell lines, LCC1 and LCC9 while assessing their drug sensitivity to an experimental anti‐cancer agent, Obatoclax. Although both cell lines are derivatives of estrogen‐responsive MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, growth of LCC1 is estrogen independent and anti‐estrogen responsive, while LCC9 is both estrogen‐independent and anti‐estrogen resistant. Under the same operating conditions, LCC1 and LCC9 had different DEP profiles. LCC1 cells had a trapping onset (crossover) frequency of 700 kHz and trapping efficiencies between 30–40%, while LCC9 cells had a lower crossover frequency (100 kHz) and showed higher trapping efficiencies of 40–60%. When exposed to the Obatoclax, both cell lines exhibited dose‐dependent shifts in DEP crossover frequency and trapping efficiency. Here, DEP results supplemented with cell morphology and proliferation assays help us to understand the response of these breast cancer cells to Obatoclax.
Field evidence for the control of grain size and sediment supply on steady‐state bedrock river channel slopes in a tectonically active setting
Authors: Finnegan Noah J. , Klier Rachael A. , Johnstone Samuel , Pfeiffer Allison M. , Johnson Kerri
Published: June 2017

We exploit a natural experiment in Boulder Creek, a ~ 30 km2 drainage in the Santa Cruz mountains, CA, USA to explore how an abrupt increase in the caliber of bedload sediment along a bedrock channel influences channel morphology in an actively uplifting landscape. Boulder Creek's bedrock channel, which is entirely developed on weak sedimentary rock, has a high flow shear stress that is about 3.5 times greater where it transports coarse (~ 22 cm D50) diorite in the lower reaches in comparison with the upstream section of the creek that transports only relatively finer bedload (~2 cm D50) derived from weak sedimentary rocks. In addition, Boulder Creek's channel abruptly widens and shallows downstream and transitions from partial to nearly continuous alluvial cover where it begins transporting coarse diorite. Boulder Creek's tributary channels are also about three times steeper where they transport diorite bedload, and within the Santa Cruz mountains channels in sedimentary bedrock are systematically steeper when >50% of their catchment area is within crystalline basement rocks. Despite this clear control of coarse sediment size on channel slopes, the threshold of motion stress for bedload, alone, does not appear to control channel profile slopes here. Upper Boulder Creek, which is starved of coarse sediment, maintains high flow shear stresses well in excess of the threshold for motion. In contrast, lower Boulder Creek, with a greater coarse sediment supply, exerts high flow stresses much closer to the threshold for motion. We speculate that upper Boulder Creek has evolved to sustain partial alluvial cover and transfer greater energy to the bed via bedload impacts to compensate for its low coarse sediment supply. Thus bedload supply, bedrock erosion efficiency, and grain size all appear to influence channel slopes here. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptual Indicators Framework for Strengthening the Chinese Health System
Authors: Xiao Yue , Zhao Kun , Sridharan Sanjeev , Cao Xiaohong
Published: June 2017

In 2009 the national government of China launched massive health reforms, together with other social and economic reforms. For the first time, evaluation was included in the draft national plan of health reforms and development—the so‐called “12th Five‐Year National Plan for Health Development (2011–2015).” The Chinese and Canadian researchers, with the support of the International Development Research Centre, Canada, helped to facilitate a deliberative process by various actors by conceptualizing an indicators system and mapping out key questions to be addressed by evaluating implementation of the national health plan. The conceptual indicators system serves as a platform for users and implementers of evaluation program to understand needs for evaluation better and sharpen focus on more prominent dimensions such as equity and contextual analysis.
Toward a Structured Process to Evaluate Health Inequities: Lessons Learned from Developing and Implementing Evaluation Guidelines to Address Health Inequities
Authors: Sridharan Sanjeev , Zhao Kun , Nakaima April , Maplazi Joanna , Yu Mo , Qiu Yingpeng
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses the development and implementation of structured guidelines that contained a fixed set of questions as part of a project in building evaluation capacity for addressing health inequities in the health sector in China. The ambition of the guidelines was to test whether a structured process of questions could aid teams that did not have a strong background in evaluation to complete equity‐focused evaluations and also help raise the salience of health equity as an important goal of health systems reform among the participants of the project. The guidelines were informed by multiple perspectives that included the literature on social determinants of health, realist evaluation, and utilization/influence perspectives. One noteworthy aspect of this project was that the participants in this capacity‐building project were local and national policymakers, practitioners, and university researchers. Our original goal was to test these guidelines in equity‐focused policy interventions in three separate provinces of China. One key insight from this project was that there is a need to move away from a testing perspective to a developmental approach in formulating evaluation guidelines that can work across multiple organizational and country contexts and also closely reflect the needs of practitioners and policymakers in evaluation capacity‐building efforts.
Lessons Learned from Evaluating China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme
Authors: Yu Mo , He Xiaoyan , Hou Yunxin , Li Xue
Published: June 2017

China's New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), established in 2003, is a universal health care insurance program for rural residents aimed to improve access to basic health care services and reduce financial risks of catastrophic illnesses in the rural population. It is a cornerstone of China's most recent health care reform efforts. The purpose of this paper is to share insights and learnings from two evaluations of NCMS payment reform. The evaluations were conducted by local researchers and evaluators who were deeply involved in the design and implementation of NCMS in their own region and have gone through a process of reflection of their own work to bring learnings to the broader health systems and evaluation communities in China.
Importance of DOTA derivatives in bimodal imaging
Authors: Chilla Satya Narayana Murthy , Henoumont Céline , Elst Luce Vander , Muller Robert N. , Laurent Sophie
Published: June 2017

The clinical applications of multimodal probes are numerous since a few decades. 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) has played an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic areas. The vast applications of DOTA as chelator have been explored in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in radioisotope chemistry. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize the macrocycle with pendant arms has allowed to explore new functionalities as bimodal imaging agents. Different combinations are possible between the different possible imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Optical imaging (OI). The main use of DOTA and its derivatives was for MRI as gadolinium complexes. It was then further extended to the complexation with europium or terbium for optical imaging. Although other chelates are available such as DTPA or NOTA, derivatives of DOTA were often the primary choice due to their versatility. DOTA derivatives can indeed also be complexed with radioisotopes and conjugated to peptides which leads to targeted contrast agents for PET or SPECT. Depending on the chosen imaging modality, a variety of radiometals can be complexed with DOTA, e.i. 64Cu and 68Ga for PET, or 111In and 90Y for SPECT. Conjugation of chromophores to gadolinium complexes of DOTA derivatives can also lead to bimodal agents for MRI and OI. In this review, we will provide the applications of DOTA and its derivatives in different imaging modalities and their clinical applications.
The Practices, Policies, and Legal Boundaries Framework in Assessment and Institutional Research
Authors: Fuller Matthew
Published: June 2017

After examining typical legal contexts for IR practice, this chapter offers the Practices, Policies, and Legal Boundaries (PPLB) framework for using laws as guidelines for policy and practice.
Bone Mass Is Compromised by the Chemotherapeutic Trabectedin in Association With Effects on Osteoblasts and Macrophage Efferocytosis
Authors: Sinder Benjamin P , Zweifler Laura , Koh Amy J , Michalski Megan N , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Aguirre Jose Ignacio , Roca Hernan , McCauley Laurie K
Published: June 2017

Macrophages have established roles supporting bone formation. Despite their professional phagocytic nature, the role of macrophage phagocytosis in bone homeostasis is not well understood. Interestingly, apoptosis is a pivotal feature of cellular regulation and the primary fate of osteoblasts is apoptosis. Efferocytosis (phagocytosis of apoptotic cells) is a key physiologic process for the homeostasis of many tissues, and is associated with expression of osteoinductive factors. To test effects of macrophage depletion and compromised phagocytosis on bone, 16-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with trabectedin—a chemotherapeutic with established anti-macrophage effects. Trabectedin treatment reduced F4/80+ and CD68+ macrophages in the bone marrow as assessed by flow cytometry, osteal macrophages near the bone surface, and macrophage viability in vitro. Trabectedin treatment significantly reduced marrow gene expression of key phagocytic factors (Mfge8, Mrc1), and macrophages from treated mice had a reduced ability to phagocytose apoptotic mimicry beads. Macrophages cultured in vitro and treated with trabectedin displayed reduced efferocytosis of apoptotic osteoblasts. Moreover, efferocytosis increased macrophage osteoinductive TGF-β production and this increase was inhibited by trabectedin. Long-term (6-week) treatment of 16-week-old C57BL/6J mice with trabectedin significantly reduced trabecular BV/TV and cortical BMD. Although trabectedin reduced osteoclast numbers in vitro, osteoclast surface in vivo was not altered. Trabectedin treatment reduced serum P1NP as well as MS/BS and BFR/BS, and inhibited mineralization and Runx2 gene expression of osteoblast cultures. Finally, intermittent PTH 1-34 (iPTH) treatment was administered in combination with trabectedin, and iPTH increased trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in trabectedin-treated mice. Collectively, the data support a model whereby trabectedin significantly reduces bone mass due to compromised macrophages and efferocytosis, but also due to direct effects on osteoblasts. This data has immediate clinical relevance in light of increasing use of trabectedin in oncology. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Therapeutic Effects of FGF23 c-tail Fc in a Murine Preclinical Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Via the Selective Modulation of Phosphate Reabsorption
Authors: Johnson Kristen , Levine Kymberly , Sergi Joseph , Chamoun Jean , Roach Rachel , Vekich Jacqueline , Favis Mike , Horn Mark , Cao Xianjun , Miller Brian , Snyder William , Aivazian Dikran , Reagan William , Berryman Edwin , Colangelo Jennifer , Markiewicz Victoria , Bagi Cedo M , Brown Thomas P , Coyle Anthony , Mohammadi Moosa , Magram Jeanne
Published: June 2017

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the causative factor of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a genetic disorder effecting 1:20,000 that is characterized by excessive phosphate excretion, elevated FGF23 levels and a rickets/osteomalacia phenotype. FGF23 inhibits phosphate reabsorption and suppresses 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) biosynthesis, analytes that differentially contribute to bone integrity and deleterious soft-tissue mineralization. As inhibition of ligand broadly modulates downstream targets, balancing efficacy and unwanted toxicity is difficult when targeting the FGF23 pathway. We demonstrate that a FGF23 c-tail-Fc fusion molecule selectively modulates the phosphate pathway in vivo by competitive antagonism of FGF23 binding to the FGFR/α klotho receptor complex. Repeated injection of FGF23 c-tail Fc in Hyp mice, a preclinical model of XLH, increases cell surface abundance of kidney NaPi transporters, normalizes phosphate excretion, and significantly improves bone architecture in the absence of soft-tissue mineralization. Repeated injection does not modulate either 1,25D or calcium in a physiologically relevant manner in either a wild-type or disease setting. These data suggest that bone integrity can be improved in models of XLH via the exclusive modulation of phosphate. We posit that the selective modulation of the phosphate pathway will increase the window between efficacy and safety risks, allowing increased efficacy to be achieved in the treatment of this chronic disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
β‐AgVO3 Nanorods as Peroxidase Mimetic for Colorimetric Determination of Glucose
Authors: Lu Junyu , Wei Lianqiang , Yao Dongmei , Yin Xiuju , Lai Hongfang , Huang Xiuxiang
Published: June 2017

β‐AgVO3 nanorods have been demonstrated to exhibit intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity. The oxidation of glucose can be catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOx) to generate H2O2 in the presence of O2. The β‐AgVO3 nanorods can catalytically oxidize peroxidase substrates including o‐phenylenediamine (OPD), 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and diammonium 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS) by H2O2 to produce typical color reactions: OPD from colorless to orange, TMB from colorless to blue, and ABTS from colorless to green. The catalyzed reaction by the β‐AgVO3 nanorods was found to follow the characteristic Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Compared with horseradish peroxidase and AgVO3 nanobelts, β‐AgVO3 nanorods showed a higher affinity for TMB with a lower Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) value (0.04118 mM) at the optimal condition. Taking advantage of their high catalytic activity, the as‐synthesized β‐AgVO3 nanorods were utilized to develop a colorimetric sensor for the determination of glucose. The linear range for glucose was 1.25–60 μM with the lower detection limit of 0.5 μM. The simple and sensitive GOx‐β–AgVO3 nanorods–TMB sensing system shows great promise for applications in the pharmaceutical, clinical, and biosensor detection of glucose.
The Effects of Twelve Weeks of Tai Chi Practice on Anxiety in Stressed But Healthy People Compared to Exercise and Wait‐List Groups–A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Kim Christine , Lal Sara , Meier Peter , Sibbritt David , Zaslawski Chris
Published: June 2017

Objective

This randomized controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether 12 weeks of Tai Chi (TC) practice can reduce anxiety in healthy but stressed people.

Method

Fifty participants were randomized into TC (n=17), exercise (n=17), and wait‐list (WL) groups (n=16). Outcome measures used were State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale 14 (PSS14), blood pressure and heart rate variability, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Short Form 36.

Results

Significant improvements were observed from baseline for both TC and exercise groups for both state (p <0.01) and trait (p <0.01) anxiety, PSS14 (p <0.01), VAS (p <0.01), mental health domain (p <0.01), and vitality domain (p <0.01). Superior outcomes were also observed for TC when compared with WL for state and trait anxiety (p <0.01) and mental health domain (p <0.05).

Conclusion

TC reduces stress levels in healthy individuals and provides a safer, cost effective, and less physically vigorous alternative to exercise.
Inhibitory Effect of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Expression of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammatory Factors in U937 Cells
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Hu Bo , Sun Jicheng , Li Jie , Liu Shan , Song Jinlin
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been reported to promote periodontal tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation in soft tissues and in bone infectious diseases. Here we investigated the effect of low‐intensity pulsed US on the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory factors in U937 macrophage cells.

Methods

U937 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of LPS and exposed to different intensities of low‐intensity pulsed US. Cell viability and apoptosis of U937 cells were determined by cell‐counting kit assays and flow cytometry. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to test the expression of inflammatory factors. The expression levels of toll‐like receptor 4, p65, p‐IκBα, and IκBα were assessed by western blots.

Results

Tumor necrosis factor α began to increase in U937 cells on induction with 1‐μg/mL LPS. Low‐intensity pulsed US at the intensity of 60 mW/cm2 was more effective in reducing interleukin 8 (IL‐8) expression. Furthermore, LPS inhibited the viability and increased apoptosis of U937 cells, whereas low‐intensity pulsed US significantly reversed these effects (P < .05). Low‐intensity pulsed US reduced the protein expression of IL‐6 and IL‐8 at both gene and protein levels in U937 cells. The western blot and immunofluorescence showed that low‐intensity pulsed US primarily suppressed the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα and the translocation of p65 into the nuclei.

Conclusions

Low‐intensity pulsed US alleviated the expression of inflammatory factors induced by LPS in U937 cells. This process was modulated by suppressing the toll‐like receptor 4–nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Therefore, low‐intensity pulsed US might be a potential immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of periodontitis.