bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF RANGE OF EFFECTIVE GRINDING MODES AND MATERIALS OF GRINDING WHEEL FOR PROCESSING OF 95Х18 STEEL
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk state technical university, Makashin D.S. , Kisel A.G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kaliningrad State Technical University"
Published: January 2024

The development of a mathematical model for the grinding treatment of steel 95X18 with recommended grinding wheels, namely a wheel of silicon carbide green, el’bor wheel, diamond wheel is discussed. When studying the influence of grinding modes and grinding wheel materials during the processing of 95X18 steel on the roughness of the treated surface, a multifactorial experiment was carried out. The roughness of the treated surface was evaluated according to the Ra parameter, using a portable profilometer of the MarSurf PS1 model. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to choose the optimal cutting mode based on the required roughness of the treated surface. It has been established that in order to achieve a stable quality of the treated surface Ra 0.63, it is necessary to use a diamond wheel at cutting speeds from 10 to 25 m / s and low feed rates. The obtained regression equations showed that an increase in the cutting speed or a decrease in the feed led to a decrease in the roughness of the treated surfaces. The main provisions of the metal cutting technology and the mechanical engineering technology were used.
The role of rifampicin in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Hameed Husam Majeed
Published: January 2024

Back ground: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has been an important cause of middle ear disease. The bacterial flora found in chronic suppurative otitis media varies considerably. A number of studies used fluroquinolon derivatives especially group II of this drug, like ciprofloxacinObjective: In this study there was a trial for evaluatation of the benefit of using oral rifampicin drug in the treatment of tubo- tympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media in combination with ciprofloxacin.Patient and methods: In Al-Kerama general hospital/ENT department in Wassit 200 patients were selected divided in to two equal groups (A&B) but only164 patients continue in the study, 88 patients in group A & 76 patients in group B.Group B received the usual line of treatment in the form of oral ciprofloxacin& local (ciprofloxacin drops+ betamethason drops), while group A received the same drugs in addition to oral rifampicin. The dryness rate of the ears from discharge along six months & the recurrence rate after dryness & stopping treatment were studied. Also the laboratory results of the effect of rifampicin alone & in combination with ciprofloxacin on the bacterial growth in the culture media from ear discharge were studied.Results: Its found that the use of rifampicin in combination with other drugs used enhance faster dryness that, The percentage of ears that became dry in the 1st week were 88% & 65% for group A & group B respectively, (significant difference) . While the dryness within the 2nd week & the rest of 1st month were5.7% & 4.5% for the group A, and 15.8% & 14.4 % for group B ( It was not significant).While the recurrent rate & response to treatment after recurrence were 9% & 75% for group A against 22.3% & 52% for group B .(significant difference ).rifampicin was a safe drug & well tolerated by the patients.Conclusion: Systemic drugs like rifampicin when used might enhance rapid dryness, decrees recurrence of discharge &give us better response to treatment after recurrence.
Mixed Approximate(Hurewicz) Cofibration
Authors: Freh Daher Waly
Published: January 2024

In this papers we study a new concept namely (M-approximate cofibration) Mixed Approximate Cofibration and(M-approximate Hurewicz cofibration) Mixed approximate Hurewicz cofibration. Most of theorem which are valid for cofibration will also be valid for (M- cofibration); the others will be valid if we add extra conditions . Among the results we obtain are:1-A product of two Mixed approximate Cofibration(Mixed approximate Hurewicz cofibration) is also a Mixed approximate Cofibration(Mixed approximate Hurewicz cofibration)- The M-pullback of Mixed approximate Cofibration(Mixed approximate Hurewicz cofibration)is also Mixed approximate Cofibration(Mixed approximate Hurewicz cofibrationKey words: Mixed approximate (Hurewicz) Cofibration , M-pullback, Lowering homotopy property.
Apoptosis demonstration of the renal tubules after ischemia and reperfusion by acridine orange technique
Authors: Mutlag Ali Mahdi
Published: January 2024

Ischemia – reperfusion injury is a complex phenomenon that results in cell damage through a biphasic process. Ischemia initiates the injury by a decrease or complete loss of energy supply needed to maintain homeostasis. Reperfusion increases cellular damage by a variety of proposed mechanisms such as inflammatory reaction and release of oxygen free radicals. I-R resulting in both pathological cell death (necrosis) and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human and experiments. This study performed to demonstrate the apoptosis and necrosis the renal tubules under the effect of I/R in by florescent acridine orange. Twenty five male rats were divided into six groups: control group, ischemia group (40 minute clamping of renal artery) and ischemia – reperfusion group (the removal of renal clamping after 1, 3, and 6 hours).The samples were prepared for histological technique and the sections stained with acridine orange and examined by florescent microscope. The results observed mild changes in the ischemic group but the damage of the tissue and cells occurred in the reperfusion groups reaches the maximum effect after 1 and 3 hour, the necrosis and apoptosis were observed clearly.After 6 hours reperfusion, emit orange fluorescence as evidence of nuclear fragmentation (apoptosis) in cells.We concluded that the apoptosis and necrosis occurred in the reperfusion after 40 minutes ischemia; also the acridine orange stain is effective stain to investigate the apoptosis and the cellular changes.
Effect of TiO2 concentration on the optical properties of polymer composite PC-PS films
Authors: Omed Ghareb Abdullah
Published: January 2024

The optical properties of polymer composite polycarbonate-polystyrene (PC-PS) films with different filling levels of Titanium oxide (TiO2) were studied in the visible and ultraviolent wavelength regions. It was found that the optical absorption is due to direct allowed transitions, and the energy gaps increase from 3.4863 eV for 2.5% TiO2 to 3.9034 eV for 7.5% TiO2 filler content, while the width of the tail localized states decrease with increasing TiO2 content. The optical constants refractive index n, extinction coefficient k, the realand imaginary parts of the dielectric constants have been also calculated. The dielectric constant and refractive index are also affected by TiO2 content.
Spectral Gain-Carrier Density Distribution of SQW GaAs/AlGaAs Laser
Authors: Adawiya J. Haider  , Al-Qaysi Safaa A. Oudah , Awatif Sabir Jassam
Published: January 2024

In this work, the modal gain of SQW GaAs/AlGaAs has been calculated using the Fermi-Golden Rule with varying the quantum well thickness Lz =(100,75) Ǻ, at a temperature of T=300oK, at a bandgap discontinuity of ΔEc of 0.1 eV , this calculation was achieved using two models, the simplified and the polarization enhancement model at a carrier injection condition of N=3.348*1018 cm-3.
Evaluation of sister chromatid exchange in patients with breast cancer in relation to clinical stage
Authors: Zafir Hassan Ghali
Published: January 2024

High levels of sister chromtid exchanges (SCE) in patients with breast caner reflects a genomic instability that may be operative in carcinogenesis.The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed in patients with breast cancer in relation to clinical stage in 12 stage II and 5 Stage IV untreated breast cancer patients.Moreover,SCE baseline values in patients were compared with a control group of 12 healthy women. A significant difference emerged between patients and control (P<0.01).SCE increased significantly in stage IV breast cancer patients compared with those patients of stage II (P<0.05).The results reveal that SCE frequency increases with the progression of clinical stage of breast cancer.
Synthesis, Identification and Biological Activities Of a New Series of Heterocyclic Amide
Authors: Hashim Jalal Aziz  , Hiwa Hama Ali Majed
Published: January 2024

A new series of heterocyclic amides have been prepared (2a-k) from the reaction of phenyl acetyl chloride with a series of heterocyclic amines containing a 1,3,4- dithiazaol unit. The structures of these new compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, and one of them by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR. The synthesized products were tested for antimicrobial activity against a variety of test organisms: Staphylococcus aureus(+ve), Escherichia coli(-ve), Enterobactria Cloacae (-ve) & Klebsiella(-ve).
Role of folic acid in reducing the renal damage induced by amino acid methionine in male rats
Authors: Zena Muhammad Hamad
Published: January 2024

Methionine is an essential amino acid. When the metabolic pathway of methionine are interrupted, Homocysteine (Hcy) level will be elevated ,and this elevation is pathogenic. Folic acid can effectively reduce blood Hcy levels. The thirty adult male rats were randomly divided in to three equal groups and were treated daily as follows for 42 days. first (T1) served as control group. Rats of the second group (T2) were intubated orally 100 mg / kg B.W. of methionine . rats of the third group (T3) were intubated same doses of methionine plus 5mg of folic acid supplementation . Fasting blood samples were collected at 21, and 42 days of experiment to study the following parameters: Serum creatinine (SC) concentration, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and Serum uric acid (SUA) concentration . Furthermore; section of kidney was assessed for histopathological studies. The resulted revealed significant increase (P< 0.05)of methionine group in SC , BUN and SUA concentrations in 12 , 42 day of treatment as comparing to control (T1). On the other hand that animals treated with folic acid plus methionine (T3) showed significant decline in SC , BUN and SUA concentrations in 42 day of treatment . Histological section of rat kidney received methionine showed monocyte cells around collected renal tubules ,while folic acid supplementation in groups T3caused regression of renal damage induced by methionine. It seems that methionine was effective in induction of oxidative stress and change in some biological markers related to kidney disease. Also it seems that folic acid exert protective actions against the damaging effect of methionine.
Investigating the Effect of Cooling Air Passage on the Temperature Distribution in Turbine Blades
Authors: Shareef Abbas Sahi
Published: January 2024

This paper was carried out to study the effect of the velocity ratio of cooling air on the temperature distribution in the turbine blade passage0The experimental and computation method gives a clear picture of the penetration area and the temperature distribution in the passage. All the calibration of the instrument and the laws of the five hole probe may be notes in the section test rig. Several cases have been studied in this research by using three-velocity ratio (VR=0.5, 1and 2), and three different locations (99% ,90% and 75%) from the end wall with the jets angle θ= 450.the hole diameter (d= 0.1 cm). The procedure solves the governing equation numerically by using the finite volume method semi implicit method for pressure-linked equation. Therefore the present results show an accepted agreement if compared with experimental work. The maximum temperature occurred of VR=0.5 and the jet location (99%) from the end wall .Therefore the temperatures are fluctuated at the core, and decreased gradually from the jet core to outside. The temperatures are increase with decrease the velocity ratio at the same the jut location from the axial chored.
Optical Properties and Moisture Stability of HfO2 Thin Films Prepared by Ion Assisted Deposition for UV Applications
Authors: Mansour Suker Farhan  , Hasan Fahad Khazal
Published: January 2024

In this study the progress in the realization of environmentally stable, high phase thickness, long-pass edge filters for UV applications is reported. These filters are characterized by extremely sharp transitions from full transmittance to deep blocking. Such filters are manufactured via physical vapor deposition of Hafnia (HfO2). Filters with highest phase thickness exhibit the steepest edge slopes. In this work we produce two types of filters, the first one manufactured using Ion Assisted Deposition (IAD), and the second one prepared by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) technique. When comparing the results for moisture stability of edge filters produced by IAD and PVD, it is found that the filters produced with ion assist exhibit wet-dry shifts in edge wavelength location less than 0.05%.
Exergy Analysis of a Single-Shaft Gas Turbine Power Plant with Steam Injection
Authors: Yaseen Ahmed Abdul-Rida
Published: January 2024

Exergy analysis has been performed on a single-shaft gas turbine with steam injection upstream (STIG) of the combustion chamber. The analysis will be performed to study the effect of increasing of compressor inlet temperature O1T design compressor pressure ratio cd PR and turbine inlet temperature O3T on the exergy destruction of STIG cycle components. For a specific value of steam mass flow rate: the increasing in O1T has a worthless effect on the exergy destruction of compressor and turbine while leads to increase in the exergy destruction of the combustion chamber. The increasing in cd PR leads to increase in the exergy destruction for all gas turbine power plant components. The increasing in O3 T leads to decrease in the exergy destruction of the combustion chamber, increase in the exergy destruction of the turbine, while has a worthless effect on the compressor. The biggest exergy destruction occurs in the combustion chamber For a specific values of O1T , cd PR , and O3 T steam injection will lead to improve the exergy destruction of the the combustion chamber, while has a reverse effect on the turbine, and has no effect on the compressor.
EFFECT OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES ON ABUNDANCE OF MOSQUITO SPECIES IN RICE FIELDS SOUTH EASTERN AL- KUT CITY
Authors: Salih Mahdi Ali  , Al-Sariy Jameel Saad
Published: January 2024

The influence of environmental factors and agricultural practices on abundance of some mosquito species were studied in the rice fields southeastern Al-Kut City during the period ( 12/7 to12/11/2010) . Rice fields were sampled every two weeks to examine the relationships among water pH ,water temperature ,plant height ,turbidity ,water level, TDS and water conductivity with the number of larvae of each mosquito species. A total (108) larvae of four species belonging to two genera were identified : Anopheles, pulcherrimus Theobald , A. stephensi Liston, Culex pusillus Macquart, and C. theileri Theobald.The ratio of mosquito species as follow: genus Anopheles :.A. pulcherrimus 37.03% and A. stephensi 17.5% .genus Culex :C. pusillus 27% and C. theileri 11.1%. There were a significant positive relationship between two species of Culex while the relationship of both species were negative with A. stephensi . There were a postive significant relationship between both species of Anopheles,and versus that there were negative with C. theileri .The study showed that the large number (0.06) larvae/dip from species C. theileri was collected on (2-6) weeks when rice fields on (Young,Tiller and Mature phases),while the large number (0.23,0.3) larvae /dip from species C. pusillus was collected on the(3-4) weeks when rice field on Tiller phase .In other hand the large number from Anopheles species: A. .pulcherrimus and A. stephensi (0.56 ,0.43) larvae/dip respectively were collected in the eighth week when the rice field in the preharvest phase . This study showed that some ecological factors such as(water temperature ,water pH) more effective on the distribution and abundance of mosquito species especially C.theileri ,while plant height had negative effect on this species . Water turbidity was more effect on C. pusillus , while the TDS and water conductivity were more negative effective on A.stephensi and A.pulcherrimus respectively in the rice field.
Biotransformation of Natural Compounds by Free and Immobilized Fungal Laccase using Mediator Combinations in the LMS Reaction Model
Authors: Ali A. Taha
Published: January 2024

The ternary systems constructed on the basis of isotropic properties of various compositions of a hydrocarbon and a short chain alcohol in a low water content were used to carry out the oxidation of Mastic oil, d-limonene and α-Pinene at 30 °C using fungal laccase from Trametes versicolor in the presence of different concentrations and combinations of three mediators ,2,2'-azino-bis 3-methylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid(ABTS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) in Laccase Mediator System (LMS) model . The biotransformation was conducted with the use of either free or immobilized laccase on organogels prepared by introducing appropriate amounts of Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate (AOT) microemulsions containing laccase to a second solution of polymer Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) . The main oxidation product of α-pinene was verbenone and verbenol, but low amounts of α-pinene oxide was also detected. Similarly, d-limonene was oxidized to limonene epoxide, while mastic oil was oxidized to α-pinene oxide, limonene epoxide, verbenol, verbenone . In all cases, some of the reaction products remained unidentified. The amounts of unidentified products were rather high especially in the case of d-limonene and crude mastic oil. Mediator Combinations with HBT in different ratio were used for further transformation optimization of the three natural compounds in the ternary systems. Ascorbic and Gallic acids in 40mM concentration also were used in combination with HBT to transform the natural compounds. All combinations revealed different level of oxidation and only one combination of Gallic acid and HBT was unable to oxidize any of three compounds. The natural compounds oxidation rate correlated with the mediator concentration in the reaction mixture, and clear synergetic effect were found when two mediators were present, 10mM ABTS and 80mM HBT , while the best triple combination was 10mM ABTS: 40mM HBT: 40mM TEMPO .
Effect of different levels of Nitrogen on growth and dry matter of sorghum three cultivar (( Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench ))
Authors: Al-Maliki Riyadh Mansur , Al-Ugaili Majid Hanon , Iead kadhem Musaier
Published: January 2024

The field experiment was conducted at wassit province through autumn season 2009 to study the effect of five nitrogen levels (0,40 80, 120 and 160 Kg /ha) on some growth characteristics and dry matter yield for three Sorghum cultivars (Rabeh, Ankath , and Kafeer-2).Kafeer-2cultiver showed a significant results compared with the other cultivars in growth characters average((leaves number, plant height and dry matter )) which was (( 12.258 leave /plant -134.77 cm -10.361 T\h ))respectively and the statistical analysis showed a significant different between the treatments .level 160 kg/ha showed a significant results in growth characteristics ((leaves number, plant height, leave area and dry matter )) average 13.719 leave /plant- 152.8 cm -18.307 cm2- 17.476 ten/ha ) respectively. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogen levels had significant effect except leaves number.
Open surgical breast biopsy
Authors: Ameer Kadhum Daher
Published: January 2024

Background : open biopsy has been considered the gold standard in establishing or ruling out carcinoma of the breast. Women suspected of having breast cancer are usually referred for breast biopsy to determine whether the lesion is benign or malignant and whether further treatment is needed.Purpose: to analyse the results of open surgical breast biopsies of 2 years intervalMethods: Patients who underwent lumpectomy, wide local excision and incisional biopsy of a breast mass in Al- Karama Teaching Hospital / Wasit Governorate from January 2009 through December 2010 were included in the study.Results: A total of 70 patients with 70 open biopsies were identified and analysed. The mean age was 32.5 years. Within the malignant group the average age was 45.25 years. Out of the 70 biopsies included; 30 (42.85%) were malignant,13(18.62%) were fibroadenoma,11(15.70%) were fibrocystic disease, 7(10%) were of duct ectasia, 3(4.28%) were fibroploreferative disease and 6 (8.5%) were of another pathology. Conclusions: The rate of malignancy in open breast biopsies increases with age reaching a peak in forties. We recommend that all women above the age of 40 presenting with a palpable breast lump to have their lump excised even though the lump is suspected to be benign.
KEY TO SPECIESOF ADALIA MULSANT (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) IN IRAQ
Authors: Swail Mahdi Abbas
Published: January 2024

The present paper gives key to species that belong to the genus Adalia Mulsant . It is Adalia bipunctata L. , A. decempunctata L. and A.fasciatopunctata (Falderman) .The identification depends on the color of pronotum, elytra, femoral line and male genitalia for any species
The effect of L-carnitine administered to pregnant mice on reproductive performance of female offsprings
Authors: Nisreen Khazaal Flayyih
Published: January 2024

Carnitine was detected at the beginning of the previous. In the last 30 years, interest in the metabolism and functions of carnitine has steadily increased. Carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid metabolism by facilitating the transport of long-chain free fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, making them available for β-oxidation, which is the most efficient metabolic pathway for energy production. The present study was performed to determine the effects of L-carnitine administered to pregnant mice on some parameters of reproductive performance for their female offspring. Sixty healthy female mice (age: 6 weeks) were used in this study, and divided into two equal groups including control group (mothers administered distilled water during gestation period)and treated group (mothers administered 1 mg/Kg L-carnitine during gestation period). Blood samples were taken from their female offspring for assessment of serum hormones (FSH, LH and E2). Also, weight of reproductive system for female offspring was recorded, and then histological sections were prepared for the uterus and ovary to measure the diameters uterine gland and ovary, in addition to measure endometrial thickness. Significant elevation (P<0.01) was observed in the levels of serum gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and E2 for the treated group as compared to the control group. Weight of female reproductive system for the treated group was highly significant increased (P<0.01) as compared to the control group. Also, significant increment (P<0.05) was noticed in the thickness of endometrium for the treated as compared to the control group. Similarly, diameters of ovary and uterine glands for treated group were increased significantly (P<0.05) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Administration low doses of L-carnitine to pregnant mice have positive effects on reproductive performance of their female offspring. Further studies are recommended to investigate effects of L-carnitine to pregnant mice on oogenesis for their female offspring.
The distance between maxillary second molar and the base of the maxillary sinus by aging using CT scan
Authors: Zainab Abdulhassan Hussein
Published: January 2024

The alveolar process of the maxilla forms the maxillary sinus floor. If the sinus is of an average size, it is on a level with the floor of the nose; if the sinus is large, it reaches below this level. Projecting into the floor of the antrum are several conical processes, corresponding to the roots of the first and second molar teeth; in some cases, the fangs of the teeth perforate the floor .The close anatomical relationship of the maxillary sinus with the roots of maxillary molars and premolars renders this anatomical region susceptible to morbid situations resulting from damage to, and therapeutic intervention in the dentoalveolar environment. Knowledge of the relationship between the root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus is crucial for diagnosis and treating a sinus pathosis as well as in assisting dental implantation, endodontic procedures and orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to estimate different distances between the maxillary sinus base and the root apices of maxillary second molars measured on computed tomography (CT) to determine the differences through aging. Sixty patients attending the radiology center of AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Kut city for any maxillofacial complaints were selected in this study according to special criteria. The samples were divided into four equal groups according to their age. Lines were drawn on the sagittal reconstructed images between the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor and the root apices of the maxillary second molar and the distances were measured using built-in measurement tools for right and left sides of these four groups. Results of this study found that there was no significant difference in the distance between apices of maxillary second molar roots and the floor of maxillary sinus in the four age groups and there was no significant differences between the right and left sides of the 2nd molar roots apices and their relations to the floor of the maxillary sinus in these groups except in P roots of 50 age group the distance in right side was larger than in the left side.
Study the antioxidant effect of coconut oil in rabbits treated with sodium nitrate
Authors: Kadhum Jhyied Gatie  , Rehab Abdul Razaq Abdul Alhassan  , Haethem Qasim Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of different concentrations of coconut oil as an antioxidant with rate of (1.5, 2 ,2.5ml/kg) of body weight given orally and measure Hematological parameters (white blood cells,PCV , Hb and platelets) and biochemical parameters (cholesterol and its different kinds (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL), triglycerides) and liver enzymes (Superoxide dismutase , Glutathione) in rabbits that demonstrated sodium nitrate as oxidative material use concentration (75 mg / kg), and compared to all results with control group . The results showed a decrease in triglycerides, LDL , SOD and GSH , increase HDL cholesterol levels and a raise in the number of white blood cells, platelets and Hb level this results belong to increase the number of free radicals as a result of oxidative stress caused by the use of sodium nitrate.
Existence of mild solution to the fractional order impulsive nonlinear control system
Authors: Sameer Qasim Hasan  , Fawzi Mutter Ismaeel
Published: January 2024

In this paper we study the existence of mild solution to the fractional impulsive nonlinear mixedtype integro-differential partial equation with neutral infinite delay and nonlocal conditions in a Banach space. As a prove of this investigation we address some important concepts of work such as fractional calculus, semigroup of operators and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem.
Study the effect of adding olefin powder extracted on the mechanical properties of low density of polyethylene (LDPE)
Authors: Al-Maliki Ziad Tariq
Published: January 2024

The Study of the Effect of oyster from the Caspian Sea on the Mechanical properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE), which is manufactured in the General state company of petrochemical industries, Basra, as function of the percentages of oysters extracted from the Caspian Sea in Iran (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% ), at particular size. ( 250 m) were investigated through several variables, such as strength, and elongation. The obtained results were appeared that the added oyster act to reduce the spaces between the polymer chains, which reflects the high ability of the polymer against the applied stress, and a high degree of homogeneity between the host polymer and the added fillers, and this increase will give further property that increase the hardness of theprepared specimens, the results lead to that the strength at both break will be affected little till the percentage (2%) which reflects the increase in the ductile of the polymer grafted with oyster and wide range of the application for this polymer .
Study of some factors affecting the measurement of gamma rays Buildup factor in aluminum and lead materials
Authors: Mohammed Jebur Resen
Published: January 2024

In this research Buildup factor of gamma rays in the lead and aluminum substances using the Geiger tube detector and the Cobalt-60 radioactive source.For a distance of (60mm) between the cobalt-60 radioactive source and detector, the effect of atomic number variation and thickness of the shield material in units (mm) and mean free path units (m.f.p) on the Buildup factor values had been studied, and the effect of changing of the distance between the cobalt-60 radioactive source and detector on the Buildup factor had been studied for constant thickness value (10mm) of aluminum material shield.Also the effect of changing of collimator hole diameter and gamma rays energy had been studied for distance (60mm) between the radioactive source and the detector using cesium-137 and cobalt-60.This study provide that Buildup factor of gamma rays increases with decreasing of the atomic number of shield material and with increasing of the shield thicknesses, and it decreases with increasing of distance between the radioactive source and detector and with increasing collimator hole diameter, as well as it decreases with increasing of gamma rays energy or radioactive source energy.
Cytogenetic effects of albendazole on stem cells mice bone marrow
Authors: Muthana Ibrahim Maleek  , Damya Kareem Kadim
Published: January 2024

This experiment was estimated percentage of chromosomal aberration (CAs), micronucleus` (MN) and mitotic index (MI) in bone marrow cells of mie laboratory as a way to measure/e Albendazole (ABZ) ability of the above variables. This study divided according to times injection and concentration of ABZ (200 and 400 mg / kg). Mice were divided into three groups included negative control I&II ( I no treated & II treated with 0.2 ml of normal saline), positive control split into two groups (one of them injected with ABZ 200 mg / kg, second with 400 mg / kg for 24 hours) and treatment groups. These groups are dividing to the sixth category according to concentration and period of treatment. Groups I&II (I the mouse were treated with ABZ three days 200 mg/kg for every day and II same period, but dose400mg/kg). Groups III&IV (III the mouse treated with two injection of ABZ 200 mg/kg first dose at zero day, and the second at seventh day and IV same period but dose 400mg/kg). Groups V&VI (V the mouse treated with two doses ABZ 200 mg/kg first three days, with one dose/one day and after seven days repeat three doses one dose /one days and VI same period, but the dose is 400mg/kg). The results showed that the ABZ drug led to significant increase in CA, MN and decrease in MI at (p<0.05). This percentage increases in conjunction with the length of the treatment period.
Control of the detuning and Rabi frequency on the behavior of soliton fiber laser
Authors: Atiah Younis Mohamed
Published: January 2024

This research explore the behavior of soliton in Er +3 fiber laser medium by using a model that use the Quantum optics and three levels system . Starting from the equation of motion of the density operator, the researcher derive the nonlinear Schrödinger equation which include the detuning , Rabi frequency , the group velocity dispersion coefficient of the host fiber and γ the host nonlinearities and use analytic solutions to show that solitary waves can exist and be stable after four loops in ring cavity and the net gain depends on detuning and Rabi frequency
Tensile characterization of polymer composite reinforced with gravel particles (GP)
Authors: Abbas Fadhil Essa
Published: January 2024

The work focuses on the preparation of polymer matrix composite materials prepared from the unsaturated polyester resin UPE as a matrix reinforced by gravel particles with particle size (121.74 nm) as first group type-I GPI of samples and the second group type-II GPIΙ of samples reinforced by gravel particles with particle size (100.16 nm) . This work includes studying the effect of selected weight fractions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of gravel particles on the properties of the prepared composite materials, tensile test were done. The results of the present work showed that the values of tensile strength of pure UPE (24.66MPa) was increasing by additional of GPI at weight percentage 10% and however, it gained 25.45 MPa, but decreased at weight percentage (20%, 30%, and 40%) (21.21, 20.98 and 23.87 MPa) respectively. Also the results showed the tensile strength of pure UPE had decreased by additional of GPII at weight percentage (10%, 20%, and 30%) (19.67, 23.31 and 23.12 MPa) respectively, but increasing at weight percentage 40% and gained 27.84MPa. Beside the result shows that the values of tensile strength for composite materials reinforced by GPII is higher than values reinforced by GPΙ. Also the results showed the Young Modulus of pure UPE increased with the addition of 10 %, 30% and 40 % of two types GPI and GPII fillers. Where the samples of UPE \ GPI composites have a highest value of Young's Modulus at ratio percent 40% as compared with other composites samples.
Reducing genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide by hydro-coholic leaves extract of allium porrum in normal mouse bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Alyaa Abdul Hadi Salih  , Muthana Ibrahim Maleek
Published: January 2024

This paper evaluates percentage of chromosomal aberration (CA )and mitotic index (MI) in mice bone marrow as a method for assessing the ability of hydro-ethanolic leaves extract of leek ( Allium Porrum) to reduce genotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide (CP) . Mice were allocated in to 4 groups, two negative controls ,the first group receive ( 0.2 ml) D.W. and the second group was treated with (0.1ml) DMSO, the positive control group, (CP) 40mg/kg was given single intraperitoneally dose for 24 hr , while the treatment groups were given different doses of extract (75, 150,200and 250 mg/kg ) for 5 consecutive days and the same dose of CP . Experimental data was analyzed using (one –way ANOVA). The results demonstrated the intermediate dose (150 mg/kg) of extract increased in MI significantly and reduced CA (P<0.01) significantly .This study concluded that Allium porrum leaves were able to reduce genotoxicity of CP and protect normal proliferating cells in bone marrow from the effect of CP.
Deformation parameters and nuclear radius of Zirconium (Zr) isotopes using the Deformed Shell Model
Authors: Ridha Ali Abdulwahab
Published: January 2024

In this search we studied the most important deformation parameters (beta 2, and sigma), root mean square of nuclear radius and major and minor of ellipsoid axises (a,b) in addition to the different -even Zirconium (Zr) isotopes (Z=40) for atomic number (A=80 → 104), using deformed shell model equations as a simple new program in Matrix Laboratory system.
Role of the autoantibodies and IL- 17 cytokine in the pathogenesis diabetes mellitus
Authors: Muntadher Ali Alsaidi  , Al-Janabi Hussein Sarhan , Al-Mousawi Jaafar K.
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin action. T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play an important role in mediating ß-cell damage and causing Type 1 diabetes. A case-control study is done during the period from Feb., 2011, through the end of Feb. 2012. The study enrolled 90 diabetic patients divided into three groups Type 1, Type2 and LADA (30 patients in each group) who attended in Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut city & 25 non diabetic as a control to determine the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (ICAs& GADAs) and measured IL-17cytokine was measured in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control with no family history of diabetes. Serological tests for GADA & ICA (by using ELISA) have been done for all sera of the study groups. Dual set ELISA technique is used for estimating the cytokine levels in the sera of all study groups. According to the results of this study, Type 1 diabetic patients had higher frequency of GADA 65 autoantibodies compared with other study groups, as eighteen of them (60%) showed GADA positive in comparison to 6.6 % in type 2 DM, 56.7% in LADA and 0% in control group. Furthermore, twenty of type 1 diabetic patients which represent (66.7%) were ICA positive in comparison to 33.33% in type 2 DM, 70% in LADA and 4% in control group. Statistical analysis showed highly significant difference. the IL-17 level has been elevated significantly in the sera of type 1 (927.9±906.9 pg./ml), type 2 (599.5±75.66 pg./ml) and LADA (388.2±533.5 pg./ml) diabetics patient’s positive autoantibodies in comparison with other groups type 1, type 2 and LADA diabetics patients negative autoantibodies and healthy control(62± 37.26 pg./ml).
Diabetic Foot Causes and Outcomes A Study in Wassit Province, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Ghaltan Tabar  , Saad Zaidan Abdul Wahab
Published: January 2024

Diabetic foot (DF) as a complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was studied in 88 Iraqi adult patients in Wasit Province at their visit to Al-Karama Teaching Hospital during the period from April 2010 to March 2012.Eighty eight patients were enrolled, 58 males with mean age of 63±8.4 SD years, and 30 females with mean age of 65±4.1 SD years. The mean duration of Diabetes Mellitus was 10.5 years. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia was documented nearly in all patients at presentation.More than 90% of the patients were non-compliant with diet , drugs or both and 88% of them have high body mass index ( BMI >26 Kg/m2) . Other co-morbidities also co-exist, 72.7% of them have peripheral neuropathy (mainly sensory ), 54.5% have hypertension,40.9% of them are active smokers, 39.7% ischemic heart disease, 35% peripheral arterial disease , 34% history of trauma, 29.5% have hyperlipidemia( Table 1). Many of them have more than one risk factor concomitantly. The presenting Diabetic Foot problems were: ulcers in 45 patients, gangrene of the toes and/or the feet in 24 patients, abscess or cellulitis in15 patients and 4 patients presented with miscellaneous conditions (Table 2). Conservative treatment was successful in 95.3% of non-gangrene diabetic foot conditions .But 24 patients who presented with gangrene were in need of some sort of amputation of toes or more proximal ,especially those older than 65 years of age with multiple risk factors. Foot negligence, mis-care, mal-footwear and lack of knowledge about the sequels of diabetic foot by the patient were the main precipitating factors that augment the problem and worsen the outcome. The education programs about Diabetic Foot and correction of risk factors can do a lot to minimize the problem.
ISOLATION OF PINWORM Aspiculuris tetraptera (NITZSCH, 1821) FROM LABORATORY MICE IN BASRAH GOVERNORATE
Authors: Al-Azizz Suzan
Published: January 2024

A total of (63) nematodes worms were isolated from the cecum and colon of laboratory mice ( Balb/ c) Mus Musculus which cultured in animals house in both college of Education and college of Veterinary Medicine at Basrah university. These isolated nematodes were stained and cleared, then measured (length, width, ova). Later, classified and compared with many scientific books in taxonomy, then related that these nematodes are Aspiculuris tetraptera as a first record of this parasite in laboratory mice at Basrah governorate.
Area under curve and zero order spectrophotometric determination copper complexation with N,N'-cyclohexane-l,2-diylidene-bis(4-methaxybenzoythydrazide)
Authors: Ali Amer Waheb
Published: January 2024

This paper describes the development of a spectrophotometric for the determination of copper by coupling with ligand (CHMBH). The a maximum absorption at (415nm) .Beer’s Lambert law is obeyed over the concentration ( 4-24 mg/L) limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.00338 mg/L and 0.01025 mg/L for the area under curve and 0.1677 mg/L and 0.508 mg/L for zero order method, the high accuracy of both methods was 99.356 % for the area under curve method and 100.087 % for the zero order method respectively. Both methods have applied successfully to determination of copper with (CHMBH).Keywords: Cu(ll), (CHMBH), (AUC), zero order.
Study of the histopathological and hematological changes due to dimtethoate toxicity in rabbis
Authors: Sattar Rashed Suhail Alakabi
Published: January 2024

The dimethoate is considered as one of most important organophosphorus pesticides that vastly used in agriculture in many countries especially in Iraq which caused different diseases in plants, animals and man. In present study we investigated the histopathological and hematological changes in rabbits resulting from chronic dimethoate intoxication. The treated groups (G2, G3 and G4) received dimethoate orally (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of B.W.) respectively for two months while the control group (G1) was given water for the same period. The hematological results showed significant decrease in red blood cells counts and hemoglobin values (P< 0.05) in treated groups especially G3 and G4 compared to G1 control group. While the total W.B.Cs counts showed variables values without significant differences between treated groups and control group. The histopathological lesions in organs are dose concerning and include mild hepatocellular degeneration and hepatic necrosis ,hemorrhage with extensive periportal fibrosis, chronic inflammatory cells infiltrations mainly lymphocytes and macrophages in addition to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and biliary hyperplasia with cholangitis occurred only with toxic doses of dimethoate especially G4, also there degenerative changes and necrosis in kidney and heart, hemosiderosis and hemorrhage with lymphoid depletion in spleen , In brain, there is extensive demyelination and perineruonal edema and perivascular leukocytes cuffing and extensive focal gliosis and the lungs showed congestion with thickened alveolar walls because of slight infiltrations of inflammatory cells mainly lymphocytes and macrophages also there is severe pulmonary hemorrhage and edema with severe emphysematous area and atelectasis in pulmonary tissue. It was concluded that dimethoate induces different histopathological lesions in different organs in rabbits especially in liver which causes hepatocellular degeneration, biliary hyperplasia and cholangitis with hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis and causes significant decrease in red blood cells counts and hemoglobin values in treated groups compared to the control.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Recovered from Food by multiplex PCR
Authors: Khairi Jamel Wahed Al-Ruaby
Published: January 2024

A survey to detect of E. coli O157:H7 recovered from food by multiplex PCR was carried out in Wasit province (Iraq) during the period from September 2015 up to February 2016. (120) samples (40 beef, 40 raw milk and 40 chicken meat) were collected from local markets. The incidence of E.coli 0157:H7 were nineteen (15.8%) : nine (22.5%) beef , seven (17.5%)raw milk and three (7.5%)chicken meat. The present study was carried out to detect the presence of stx2, and eae genes in the recovered strains by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ,The amplified fragments by PCR revealed that 11 out of 19 (57..9%) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from (7) beef and (4) chicken meat had stx2 , while 8 out of 19 (42.1%) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from (2)beef, (3) chicken meat , and (3) raw milk had eaeA gene. There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.0 5) in prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 between the three types of samples. The median counts of E.coli O157:H7 was 1.6x106 CFU/g in beef ,5.9x105CFU/ml in raw milk and 2.4x103CFU/g in chicken meat. There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.0 5) in E.coli O157:H7 counts between the three types of sample. The median counts of aerobic plate count (APC) in beef , raw milk and chicken meat are 3.4x106 CFU/g, 3.1x106 CFU/ml 2.1x106 CFU/g, respectively. The results of Statistical analysis showed no significant differences(P>0.05) in (APC)count between the three types of food. The results of this study showed that meat and milk are a significant source for foodborn disease that concerns the public health in waist province.
Microbiological Quality Assessment of Drinking Water at Al-Hayy City, Southern Iraq.
Authors: Wisam Thamer Al-Mayah  , Ali Oda Shawardi  , Rasha Mohan Salman
Published: January 2024

The microbial quality of drinking water which distributed form Al-Hayy water treatment plant and number of residential areas fed by these water treatment plant was studied each month over six month during a period extended from the October 2016 to April 2017,through the purification stages up to residential sites at different areas situated with various distances from the supplying source, two samples were taken monthly. This station derived their water from AL-Gharraf River in the southeastern part of Iraq, where the feed areas of the city with drinking water. This study included detection of bacteria, evidence of contamination of water (coliform, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococcus bacteria and total bacteria count), also some physical and chemical variables ware like (temperature, turbidity, free residual chlorine and pH) . Results of Bacteriological tests showed increasing in TPC, TC, FC, E.coli and FS bacteria in December and January in all study locations as compared to those of the other months for water plant raw and drinking water and the FS values were less than other bacterial types for water plant. The TPC results of drinking water exceed 100 cell/ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, for all samples of water plant. On the other hand the TC, FC and E.coli exceeded zero cell/100ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, in many drinking water samples for water plant with increasing of temperature in summer months. Physiochemical tests showed that air temperature at sampling time was varied between17 and 34°C and between11.5 and 29°C, for water temperature at sampling time also. The results of pH means were within the allowable limit, ranging from 7.2 in October to 7.9 in April.The highest mean value of turbidity recorded for raw water was in December with 89 NTU and the lowest value was in April with 30 NTU, while the highest mean value recorded for Drinking water was 20 NTU again in December and the lowest value was 1 NTU in April. The highest mean value of residual chlorine was recorded in March with 3.8 mg/L, the lowest value was 0 mg/L in some of the farthest points of the plant.
Experimental study of using solar energy storage wall for heating Iraqi houses purposes
Authors: Abass Khalil Ibraheem , Chaichan Miqdam Tariq
Published: January 2024

In this article a simple type solar heat storage Trombe wall was built and tested at Baghdad winter. This wall had an area of 0.8281 m2 and facing south, it is consisted of a wooden box covered with clear glass of 3mm thickness, and 18 plastic refill bottles (2.25 liter capacity each) arranged in this box. Many holes are made at the bottom and upper faces of the box to facilities the air circulation across the plastic bottles, which are filled with water to increase the heat capacity. A small air fan was used to increase air circulation through the box. The wall was tested at Baghdad under Iraqi condition at December 2006, January, and February 2007. The results show the ability of this wall to assist the heating systems in houses at night up to 5:30 A.M. of the next day in winter seasons.