bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tecnología de información e innovación. Factores clave de la competitividad en las pequeñas y medianas empresas.
Authors: Leal Morantes Miraidy Elena
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se muestran algunas políticas ejecutadas por el gobierno nacional, en función de impulsar el desarrollo científico y tecnológico del país, así como las principales limitaciones que presentan las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) para acceder a las tecnologías de información y comunicación, tomando como base los resultados de un diagnóstico efectuado a 8 pymes y cooperativas ubicadas en el Municipio Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, integrantes del Programa de Formación de Emprendedores, Empresarios y Cooperativistas, convenio celebrado entre La Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) y FONACIT. Para la recolección empírica de los datos se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, así como entrevistas no estructuradas, a los miembros de las organizaciones, para obtener información adicional. Los resultados evidencian que las pymes objeto de estudio se caracterizan por la poca o ninguna utilización de las tecnologías disponibles, siendo algunos de los factores determinantes, las restricciones de tipo financiero, debido a los costos requeridos para su implantación, así como la resistencia para su utilización por parte de los empresarios. Se concluye que para poder competir en un mercado globalizado, las empresas deben apoyar sus procesos en la aplicación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación. Asimismo, corresponde al Estado venezolano el diseño y ejecución de una serie de políticas orientadas al fomento de la ciencia, la tecnología e innovación, como pilares fundamentales del progreso económico y social del país.Â
Formación ética para un desarrollo sustentable.
Authors: Díaz Jazmín , Montaner Jessica , Prieto Marielina
Published: January 2021

Partiendo de que el desarrollo sustentable requiere para su consecución individuos con una conciencia ética, el presente trabajo explora la ética que la Escuela de Administración y Contaduría Pública de FCES-LUZ contempla, transmite y exige en la formación de sus egresados. Se efectuó análisis de documentos rectores. Se encontró que, los conceptos éticos están prácticamente ausentes de la normativa universitaria dirigida al componente estudiantil y cuando aparecen son etéreos. Adicionalmente, los alumnos no consideran la ética como valiosa, ni para ellos, sus profesores, personal de apoyo o autoridades. Se concluye que los estudiantes manejan una ética utilitaria, donde el fin justifica los medios. Esta percepción se refuerza por un medio universitario con valores pragmáticos que jerarquiza los resultados por encima de los medios utilizados para alcanzarlos, no promoviendo el desarrollo de individuos responsables, ni concientizados de su papel en la sociedad; características estas indispensables para la evolución hacia una sociedad más justa y equitativa, es decir un desarrollo sustentable.
Competencias esenciales y PYMEs familiares: Un modelo para el éxito empresarial.
Authors: Hernández Fernández Lissette
Published: January 2021

Las empresas familiares se han convertido en la actualidad en un importante motor de las economías a nivel mundial, siendo la estructura empresarial más numerosa en todo el mundo: representan el 90% del parque empresarial y contribuyen con el 50% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y el empleo (Gersick et al, 1997; Upton y Petty, 2000 y Amat 1998). De allí la necesidad de estudiar un importante sector de este tipo de empresas, como lo son las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs), y así comprender su dinámica, con la intención de diseñar propuestas que contribuyan a fortalecer su competitividad y sustentabilidad en el tiempo. En este sentido, el presente artículo plantea un modelo basado en las competencias esenciales para el éxito de las PYMEs familiares, entendiéndose por competencias esenciales al conjunto de características diferenciales o cualificaciones que posee un individuo, las cuales pueden ser de dos (2) tipos: las innatas, y las adquiridas, formadas o desarrolladas (también denominadas competencias de conocimiento). El diseño de investigación empleado fue no experimental de carácter bibliográfico o documental, con un tipo de estudio descriptivo. Para el desarrollo del modelo se emplearon los aportes teóricos de los siguientes autores: en el área de la “empresa familiar” (Amat, 1998; Gersick, Davis, McCollom, y Lansberg, 1997; Gallo, 1997; Neubauer y Lank, 1998), y en relación a la “gestión del conocimiento” (Polanyi, 1975; Nonaka, 2000; Davenport y Prusak, 1998; y Dewey, 1991). Como principal conclusión se afirma que las competencias esenciales son las que soportan los procesos clave de la empresa, ya que generan valor añadido, constituyendo la verdadera esencia de su éxito y competitividad.
La política comunicacional de las universidades venezolanas y su impacto sobre la competitividad de sus emisoras de radio.
Authors: Castro Edinson , Pineda Alicia
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se analiza de manera global el impacto de la política comunicacional explícita y no explícita de las universidades venezolanas sobre la competitividad de sus emisoras de radio. Se seleccionaron siete de las diez emisoras universitarias que existen en el país. Se aplican para la evaluación técnicas provenientes del análisis de políticas públicas y gerenciales vinculadas con la teoría de los recursos y capacidades y con la generación de ventajas competitivas. Los resultados revelan que del total de universidades estudiadas, 6 (100%), sólo 2 (33%) (Zulia y los Andes), poseen políticas comunicacionales explícitas. Las universidades que no tienen políticas comunicacionales explícitas se rigen por otros mecanismos explícitos o no. La política universitaria de comunicación no articula la misión y visión de las universidades con el funcionamiento de sus emisoras de radio. La generación de ventajas competitivas en las emisoras, obedece más a su gestión interna que a la preocupación de las universidades por hacer realmente efectiva la formulación e implementación de la política como tal.
Indicadores de gestión hospitalaria.
Authors: Vargas González Vilma , Hernández Barrios Edgar
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo pretende abordar el tema de los indicadores de gestión hospitalaria desde la óptica de su utilidad para la oportuna toma de decisiones gerenciales, a partir del análisis que de ellos se haga. Se realiza el estudio en tres hospitales de la ciudad de Maracaibo, Venezuela, para el periodo 1996-2002; el acercamiento al objeto de estudio, se realizó comenzando con una investigación exploratoria, bibliográfica previa y empírica posterior, mediante un esfuerzo de observación participante, a través de pasantías profesionales. Se evidenció, que en los hospitales estudiados se calculan indicadores referidos a su capacidad, productividad y eficiencia, sin embargo, no encontramos vinculación aparente entre las decisiones gerenciales y la información que de ellos se extrae.
Responsabilidad ambiental: factor creador de valor agregado en las organizaciones.
Authors: Senior Alexa , Narváez Mercy , Fernández Gladys , Revilla José
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la responsabilidad ambiental como oportunidad para crear valor en las organizaciones, en el entendido de que la misma permite cimentar las bases del desarrollo sustentable. Se considera igualmente la responsabilidad ambiental como elemento capaz de disminuir costos por riesgos y aumentar el “market share” a través de la innovación. Para lograr este objetivo se empleó la contrastación de teorías las cuales explican cómo la responsabilidad ambiental puede generar valor agregado en las organizaciones a partir de consideraciones tales como, ética ambiental, legitimidad y desarrollo sustentable. Se concluye que las empresas a través de sus esfuerzos socioambientales pueden obtener beneficios a la vez que mejoran su capital reputacional.
Responsabilidad y balance social en las empresas cooperativas.
Authors: Alfonso Alemán Juan Luis , Rivera Rodríguez Claudio Alberto , Labrador Machín Odalys
Published: January 2021

En la evaluación de la gestión en las cooperativas se ha puesto de manifiesto la falta de integralidad en los análisis y en las políticas trazadas, por estar encaminadas a resolver problemas principalmente vinculados con su actividad económico-productiva. Sin embargo, la aplicación del Balance Social, como un importante instrumento no sólo contribuye a fundamentar la proyección social de las cooperativas y evaluar sus resultados, sino también eleva el sentido de pertenencia de los asociados al incrementar su participación en los procesos de administración de sus recursos propios. Por tanto el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar la necesidad de aplicar adecuadamente en las empresas cooperativas latinoamericanas el balance social, para lo que partimos de la operacionalidad de los principios cooperativos, los que definen sin lugar a dudas su naturaleza y esencia hasta llegar a la formulación de los elementos del balance haciendo énfasis en la responsabilidad social de las entidades cooperativas. La metodología empleada se fundamentó en un amplio estudio de casos sobre la problemática del balance Social en varias Cooperativas de distintos países, teniendo como antecedentes una nueva concepción de la responsabilidad social cooperativa, acompañada de una profunda revisión bibliográfica.
La concentración y la intermediación bancaria en Venezuela entre 1993 y 2004.
Authors: Borgucci Emmanuel
Published: January 2021

En el artículo se busca analizar el comportamiento del índice de concentración bancaria para colocaciones (créditos), depósitos y patrimonio entre 1993 y 2004 y correlacionar la concentración bancaria para créditos, depósitos y número de bancos universales y comerciales con el índice de intermediación financiera. Para tales objetivos, se empleó el índice de concentración de Herfindahl-Hirshman, el cociente entre colocaciones totales de la banca y depósitos totales del público. Posteriormente para efectuar las correlaciones, se empleó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Los resultados muestran que: entre 1993 y 2004, el nivel de concentración de bancos universales y comerciales es moderado; la correlación entre número de bancos y la concentración en colocaciones, depósitos y patrimonio es baja (con signo negativo) y poco significativa; y la intermediación financiera presenta una tendencia a la baja desde 1997. Se concluye que el hecho de existir un mercado moderadamente concentrado con una baja intermediación financiera proviene de lo atractivo, para muchos bancos, el invertir en títulos valores especialmente de carácter público que en la realización de operaciones de colocaciones de préstamos, la existencia de innovaciones financieras y la intervención del Estado venezolano como prestamista a través de bancos y fondos nacionales.
Formación ética del Contador Público. Caso: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia.
Authors: Montaner Jessica , Perozo Javier S
Published: January 2021

El artículo tiene como propósito disertar de manera teórica acerca de la ética y su importancia en la formación del Contador Público; asimismo, se pretende conocer y describir la opinión que al respecto asumen los estudiantes de la carrera de Contaduría Pública dictada en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales (FCES) de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ). La metodología utilizada consistió en una revisión bibliográfica correspondiente a la temática planteada incluyendo diversos documentos emitidos por FCES-LUZ, apoyada en la aplicación de un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas efectuadas a una muestra aleatoria de estudiantes del segundo período lectivo de 2005. Se encontró que, los estudiantes manejan conocimientos vagos en cuanto a los términos de ética, moral y valores; igualmente, desconocen los valores que deben practicar según lo planteado en el plan curricular y en el código de ética que rige su carrera. Se concluye que, la institución no ha sido efectiva en cuanto a la formación ética de sus estudiantes, por lo que deben tomarse acciones correctivas e implementar un sistema transversal de educación en valores
El concepto de Marketing: pasado y presente.
Authors: Coca Carasila Andrés Milton
Published: January 2021

Un recuento sintético y reflexivo sobre la evolución histórica del concepto de marketing o mercadotecnia, identificando las contribucionesmás importantes y sus respectivos propulsores, son parte de los propósitos que se persiguen en este trabajo. Para su estudio, se han identificado tres períodos claramente diferenciados: el período preconceptual (1900-1959), el período de conceptualización formal (1960-1989) y el período actual del concepto de marketing (1990-2005). Así, se trata el tema desde los primeros ";balbuceos"; del marketing, como una disciplina más orientada a la economía, pasando por los importantes aportes y el nacimiento de una verdadera comunidad científica, liderada por la American Marketing Asociation, llegando a ver la influencia de las famosas TICs (Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones) en un concepto denominado e-marketing y por otro lado el de marketing holístico.
Evaluating the influence of Different Regulatory and Supervisory Bodies on the Business of Islamic Financial Institutions in Pakistan
Authors: Jan Sahibzada Muhammad Wasim , Shah Hassan Shakeel , Othman Ahmad Azam Bin
Published: January 2021

Islamic financial market in Pakistan comprises of Islamic banking, Takaful and Islamic capital market which has been regulated and supervised by State Bank of Pakistan and Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.Despite the regulatory and supervisory mechanism crafted by these authorities, there are other institutions i.e., The Council of Islamic Ideology, Federal Shariat Court and international institutions such as AAOIFI and IFSB which intervene and influence this practice. Based on descriptive analytical approach, the study finds that there is an overlapping situation in the authority over the business of IFIs. Therefore, it suggests that the current regulatory arrangement needs a distinctive sole authority over the business of Islamic financial institutions in Pakistan supported with adequate legal foundation.
Sharīʿah Evaluation of Financial Derivatives and Developing Sharīʿah Compliant Hedging Instruments
Authors: Daraz Khan Muhammad Daraz Khan
Published: January 2021

The use of financial derivatives have been controversial in Islamic Finance. However, the commonly held openion is such derivatives are not Sharīʿah compliant, so should not be used in Islamic Finance. The use of Islamic derivatives in some jurisdiction and not in others on the one hand and the lesser clarity regarding their Sharīʿah basis on the other hand have created uncertainity and thus hindrance for the Islamic financial institutions in properly managing the associated risks. This study is an effort to address the issue and analyze the forwards, futures, options and swaps contracts, from Sharīʿah perspective and to hunt Sharīʿah compliant alternatives to fill this viable gap so that Islamic financial institutions do not find themselves in an unfavorable position. The study adopts qualitative research method to clarify and understand the relevant issues. The analysis shows that, in principle, the current application of derivative instruments in Islamic finance is not Sharīʿah compliant due to a number of forbidden elements. Islamic contracts that can be used as the basis or building block for developing derivatives confirming to the Sharīʿah principles include BaiʿSalam, Murābahah, Wakalah and Wa’ad based arrangements. Based on these Sharīʿah concepts, alternative to Short Selling, FX Forward Contract, Profit Rate Swap and Cross Currency Swap have been examined which will minimize the gape and will help IFIs in development and careful implementation of these structured products as per fundamentals of Islamic Finance, otherwise, it will result a serious breakdown and all the hope of the emerging industry will be lost.
Between religious freedom and national security
Authors: Yelenskyy Victor
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the OSCE Document "Freedom of Religion or Belief and Security. Policy Guidance"(2019) from the perspective of the status of freedom of conscience and belief, as well as the political and legal realities that  prevailes in the Western countries (USA, Canada, EU member states), in Russian Federation, and in Ukraine. Author proves that attempts to balance issues of religious freedom and national security in Western countries after the 9/11 led to the establishment of a new security regime, primarily in the United States. Some essential changes designed for an effective response to current and future threats were introduced in national legal system by lawmakers in Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Italy. With all this going on, many policymakers and commentators called governments to use all necessary means to not allow terrorists and religious extremists to take advantage from what could be regarded as a vulnerability of Western democracies, namely their openness, liberal legislative regime, democratic procedures, sensitivity to human rights and human dignity. The author emphasizes that, despite some shortcomings that followed the shaping of the new security’s regime, it contains obvious components that are quite in the line with the 2019 OCSE Document’s fundamentals.

Absolutely opposite, author argues, is the approach to the religious freedom and national security dichotomy in Russian Federation. The restrictions of the religious freedom in this country motivated by the interests of national security, are such brutal that destroy the main pillars of the international law in this realm and  put Russia on a par with the most flagrant violators of religious freedoms all over  the world.

Finally, inspired by the Ukrainian model, author is proving that almost thirty years long experience in forming a model of state-church relations adequate to the spirit and letter of internationally recognized principals in the field of the freedom of conscience and belief can be productive even if the country faces enormous external and internal challenges and the balance between religious freedom and national security can be achieved even for a country at war.
Table of contents
Authors: Of the journal Editorial board
Published: January 2021

Table of contents
Feeding difficulties in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Leitão de Vasconcelo Manuela , Feitoza Coêlho Julyane , Fonsêca Guedes Pereira Máximo Camila , Isabelle Cahino Delgado Isabelle , Ânderson dos Santos Alves Giorvan
Published: January 2021

Feeding is a complex act that requires integration between the central and peripheral nervous systems, gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary process, velopharyngeal mechanism, craniofacial and musculoskeletal structures. To become a pleasurable act for the child, it will depend on the sensory experiences lived or learned in the first months of life and the interaction with the environment and its caregivers. therefore, exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months and supplementation until the baby’s two years is extremely important to the child can go through periods of dietary changes without trauma and stress. Any interference in this process can generate impairment in the introduction and development of feeding, creating feeding difficulty. This is defined as any problem that can negatively influence how parents and caregivers provide food for the child, and its probable consequences are changes in the overall development, oral motor and psychosocial development, depending on the severity of the case. The speech therapist can intervene through broad and integrative approaches, aiming a safer and more effective diet, through the stimulation of the oral motor sensory system, improving chewing and promoting greater coordination between the suction, breathing and swallowing functions. Children with Down Syndrome, for having a specific genetic condition, have some clinical characteristics such as tongue protrusion, swallowing disorders, decreased muscle tone, gastroesophageal reflux, food intolerance, intestinal malabsorption, ogival palate, impaired motor coordination and other factors that can cause a delay in the development of the stomatognathic system, facilitating the appearance of feeding difficulties. Knowing that nutrition is an important factor for the healthy development of the child, the aim of this study is to present the data available in the literature about feeding difficulties in children with Down Syndrome.
Quality of life: relationship with sociodemographic and cognitive aspects in older people in community groups
Authors: Marian da Silva e Silva Ana Carolina , Arakawa-Belaunde Aline
Published: January 2021

Objective: To verify the relationship between the quality of life and the socio-demographic and cognitive aspects of the participating elderly people from social groups. Methods: Epidemiological, quantitative, cross-sectional design study, carried out in groups of elderly people living in a capital city in southern Brazil. Four questionnaires were used concerning sociodemographic characterization, quality of life, cognitive aspects and subjective memory complaints. Results: There were significant differences in the quality of life and its domains in terms of age, education, income and region of residence, and cognitive aspects. The answers obtained in the general questions of the instrument showed that the quality of life was considered good by 176 (54.83%) of the respondents and 151 (47.04%) were considered satisfied in terms of overall health. Conclusion: Socio-demographic aspects, as well as cognitive aspects, are associated with the quality of life of active elderly people in the municipality. The complaint of subjective memory is emphasized, which showed a relationship with all the analyzed aspects of the quality of life. The data obtained can serve as inputs to expand the possibilities of promoting the health and quality of life of the elderly population.
Theory of Nursing Systems in the prevention of low birth weight, nursing roles and functions in Primary Health Care
Authors: Cabinda SOA Antonio , Casanova Moreno María de la Caridad , Medina González Inarvis
Published: January 2021

Low birth weight is a global concern; programs designed to prevent it depend on the identification of susceptible pregnant women. There is little evidence in the literature about care by the Nursing professional directed to women with risk factors of having children with low birth weight from Primary Health Care. However, there are theories and conceptual models that can be applied to guide interventions. The Theory of Nursing Systems is the one assumed by the authors of this research because they consider it very useful in Public Health, because in the field of personal responsibility for health, it focuses self-care on the initiative of those who they require it, understanding it as "the practice of activities that individuals themselves initiate and develop for their own benefit, in maintaining their life, health and well-being." The goal of this study was to determine the importance of the application of the theory of nursing systems, for the approach of nursing interventions in the prevention of low birth weight from Primary Health Care.
Angioaccess for hemodialysis in kidney transplantation
Authors: Cruz Abascal Rafael Enrique , Ramírez Gómez José Ignacio , Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Carlos , Batista Hernández Raunel , Estrella Hernández Milagro , Barreto Fiu Eligio Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular complications represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal disease, so the objective of this article is to demonstrate the influence of the patency of the arteriovenous fistula on echocardiographic variables measured in the left heart. For this, a multivariate study, longitudinal, prospective and controlled study of independent groups after an intervention that included 39 patients who had their angioaccess closed (study group) and 42 who were not exposed to surgery (control group). Both groups exhibited functional kidney transplantation. The main results emerge when comparing the prevalence between the study group and the control group, the average age; 45.6 and 44.1 years, the male sex, 24 (60%) and 23 (53.5%) and the white skin color; 33 (82.5%) and 32 (74.4%). The most frequent etiology of the original nephropathy was hypertensive vascular nephropathy; 12 (30%) vs 14 (32.6%). Among the clinical manifestations, remission of palpitations and dyspnea on exertion were evidenced in the study group. With regard to blood pressure, for the systolic it ranged from 123 ±13.4 to 120.5 ±9.2 vs. 125.6 ±8.4 to 128 ±8.3 mmHg (p= 0.000), while the diastolic varied from; 76.8 ±7.5 to 76.3 ±6.2 vs. 78.6 ±4.9 to 82.4 ±3.9 mmHg (p= 0.000). The hematocrit had equivalent values; 0.43 ±0.06 and 0.45 ±0.06 vs 0.42 ±0.05 and 0.42 ±0.06 l/l (p= 0.035) and the serum creatinine showed decrease in the operated patients from; 106.8 ±26.2 to 99.8 ±23.9 μMol/l vs 114 ±27.8 to 120.3 ±31 μMol/l (p= 0.002). The echocardiographic variables measured comparatively according to the location of the angioaccesses at the left elbow level; diameter of the left ventricle: 3.12 ±4.08 vs 1.48 ±3.46 mms (p=0.001), ejection fraction of the left ventricle: 2.99 ±5.47 vs -1.98 ±6.23 % (p=0.018) and the telediasolic volume: -23 ±33.41 vs 10.86 ±36.87 ml (p=0.006). The contralateral elbow revealed; for the left ventricular ejection fraction: 3.32 ±3.42 vs -2.18 ±4.78 % (p=0.037) and for cardiac output: -1.29 ±0.88 vs -0.26 ±0.86 l/min (0.020). The conclusions show that the our study has shown that closing the angioaccess to patients with functioning renal transplants with respect to those not operated, contributes to the regression of morphological and hemodynamic alterations observed by transthoracic echocardiography in the left heart at the different locations of the vascular accesses.
Síntomas de Ansiedad y Depresión en Personal de Salud que Trabaja con Enfermos de COVID-19
Authors: Miranda Rafael , Murguía Erick
Published: January 2021

Public health personnel facing COVID-19 are exposed to multiple risks including psychological disorders. The goal of this study was to determine the presence of symptoms associated with anxiety and depression in health personnel working with COVID-19 patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 61 health care professionals and technicians was conducted, working directly with COVID-19 patients, who were consulted about the presence of symptoms associated with depression and anxiety, their main concerns and ongoing working time to avoid the onset of psychological symptoms. 64.1% of participants reported nervousness and 59.2% tiredness, for 90.16% the main concern was the patient's death and 60.66% of participants indicated that the ideal period, of continuous care of COVID-19 patients, to prevent the onset of psychological symptoms was 7 days. Our results suggest that work strategies need to be developed to decrease the onset of symptoms associated with deteriorating mental health of health professionals caring for COVID-19 patients.
Correlation between rainfall and the prevalence of scrub typhus: an observation from a tropical endemic country
Authors: mungmunpuntipantip rujittika , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: January 2021

The effect of climatological parameter on infectious disease is an interesting issue in clinical epidemiology. Of several parameters, rainfall is reported for its interrelationship with many tropical diseases such as malaria. In this short communication, the authors report the observation on correlation between rainfall and the prevalence of scrub typhus from a tropical endemic country
In vitro study of antifungal effect of carica papaya peel var. California extract against Candida albicans
Authors: K Trisnawaty , Rauna Anin Esta , Dewi Siti Rusdiana Puspa , Handayani Pudji
Published: January 2021

Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the oral cavity which can be an opportunistic pathogen that could cause oral candidiasis when there are underlying predisposing conditions. Papaya as one of the most widely grown herbal plants in Indonesia has been known to cure diseases. Unused papaya peel only became a waste; however, the papaya peel is known to contain active compounds that have antifungal effect, especially raw ones. This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of raw papaya peel extract of Californian variety and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on clinical isolates of C. albicans. This study was an experimental laboratory study with post-test only control group design. Ethanol-based extract of papaya peel was obtained from maceration process using 96% ethanol. Antifungal effect testing was carried out in vitro using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on clinical isolates of C. albicans. The concentration of Ethanol extract of papaya peel used consisted of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% with positive control (nystatin) and negative control (distilled water). The results showed that 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% papaya peel extracts were able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with 2.5% concentration of raw papaya peel extract as minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethanol extract of raw papaya peel of Californian variety with 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations has small antifungal effect against clinical isolates of C. albicans.
Fractional Differentiation and Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Chandra Lal , Yadav Ganga Prasad
Published: January 2021

In general we know that there are many basis of L^2 (R) space, in which some can be written in the terms of sin(x) and cos(x). Another way of producing an orthonormal basis from single function involves translations and modulation. In this paper we discuss to construction an orthonormal basis of L^2 (R) from given basis with help of fractional differentiation which is different from parent basis.
Growth Analysis of Composite Entire Functions of Several Complex Variables Based on Relative Order
Authors: Prajapati Balram , Rastogi Anupama
Published: January 2021

In this paper we introduce some new results depending on the comparative growth properties of composition of entire function of several complex variables using relative L^*-order, Relative L^*-lower order and L≡L(r_1,r_2,r_3,……..,r_n) is a slowly changing functions. We prove some relation between relative L^*- order and relative L^*- lower order.
Research on the Implementation of ICT Subject in Public Primary Schools in Zambia: The Case Study on Chawama Township
Authors: Sakuwunda Kulena , Dian Feng , Dian Feng , Akowuah Samuel , Akowuah Isaac Newton , Puopelee Theresa
Published: January 2021

This paper highlights the effects brought about by the implementation of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) subject in the Zambian primary education curriculum, in Chawama’s, Twatasha and Chimwemwe public primary schools in Lusaka district. This paper used qualitative research design. The three public primary schools of Chawama township in Lusaka district were targeted and were mainly the focus of this study. Both convenience and non-probability sampling techniques were employed. Three research instruments were used in collecting data, namely: semi- structured interviews, focus group interviews, observations and document digging. Data was transcribed, summarized, categorized and interpreted accordingly. Our paper will contribute to the literature within this subject area and will help future researchers to gain insight of the on goings of these issues.
Watershed Modeling Using Swat for Hydrology and Water Quality : A Review
Authors: Duvvuri Sravani
Published: January 2021

According to World health Organization Global health Observatory, 600 million Indians are facing extreme water stress and about two lakh people die every year due to inadequate access to safe water. This scenario indicate that many parts of the country will soon face a crisis in both water quantity and water quality unless management of water resources planned in a sustainable way. Many major rivers are polluted as a result of urbanization and industrialization, thereby quality parameters also violating the standards. In India, more than 50% of population depends on agriculture and many farmers use fertilizers, consists of harmful chemicals. The Nitrogen and phosphorous are the two nutrients originating from inorganic and organic fertilizers, that affect the water quality due to intensive agricultural farming and livestock grazing. Water availability in a catchment is necessary to plan/allocate the water resources in an equity manner. This can be estimated using a hydrologic model, which is designed to simulate the rainfall-runoff processes of watershed systems. An ArcGIS-based user interface could be used to model hydrologic and water quality parameters. SWAT is a continuous simulation-based model and is developed through a distributed hydrological modeling approach, which is one of the few hydrologic models with water quality coupling capability. This review mainly focuses on the broad aspects related to the execution and applicability of SWAT for various catchments to simulate the runoff and other quality parameters with various calibration techniques, thereby to make policies for best management practices and to promote sustainable development.
≈ g(1,2)*-CLOSED AND ≈ g(1,2)*-OPEN MAPS
Authors: Vasanthi R.
Published: January 2021

General topology plays vital role in many fields of applied sciences as well as in all branches of mathematics. In reality it is used in data mining, computational topology for geometric design and molecular design, computer-aided design, computer-aided geometric design, digital topology, information systems, particle physics and quantum physics etc. By researching generalizations of closed sets, some new separation axioms have been founded and they turn out to be useful in the study of digital topology. Therefore, all bi-topological sets and functions defined will have many possibilities of applications in digital topology and computer graphics.
Neural Network Models for Traffic Estimation in Mobile Networks in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji Sodiq Kazeem , Adetokunbo Adenowo , Lateef Akinyemi
Published: January 2021

The network providers are now being challenged with their inability to accurate estimate and characterize traffic in a particular area, due to the increasing number of mobile communication services being rendered by the network providers Hence, this has been greatly undermining their design and planning processes and as such increasingly affected the Quality of Service(QoS).This research work addresses the traffic estimation in mobile communication network using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach using measured data collected in Lagos State,Nigeria.The Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) ANN techniques were used in the traffic modeling. The results of the ANN modeling showed that the Model 1 of MLP performed better than other models with Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 99%, Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of 5.456 and Mean Bias Error(MBE) of 0.94.It is recommended that the dataset used in developing the ANN models be increased by collecting and using not more than 12months traffic data for ANN modeling .An appropriate design of the models should also be given a serious concern by choosing appropriate number of neurons at the hidden units of the neural networks .This will provide a good traffic estimation which the mobile network provider can be used in network design and planning.
Clinical symptoms of damage to the lateral surface of the tibia of dairy cows of different phenotype in the conditions of industrial dairy production
Authors: Roman L. , Sidashova S. , Popova I. , Stepanova N. , Chornyi V. , Gutyj B.
Published: January 2021

The results of the influence of the conditions of keeping Ukrainian red dairy cows on the manifestation of clinical symptoms of damage to the lateral surface of the tibia and the level of reproduction are presented. The study was conducted on the basis of an industrial dairy complex (600 dairy cows with an average productivity of 6050 kg of milk per lactation) as part of agricultural associations in Odessa region. The objects of the study were cows during lactation, which were kept loose in sections with rest boxes (where the floor was a special rubber mat with a thickness of 30 mm). Evaluation (in points) was performed on the clinical manifestation of symptoms of damage to the skin epithelium of the lateral surface of the leg, which was injured by the rubber coating of the stall compared to the level of reproduction (service period, days/%) and the severity of skin pigmentation of the body surface (selection melanism). Clinical, zootechnical, biometric methods were comprehensively applied to realize the purpose of research. Comparison of data (n = 462) visual-clinical assessment of the condition of the skin of the lateral surface of the leg, as an indicator of the adaptability of lactating cows to keep in sections with rubber flooring and the area of pigmented hair of animals of different phenotypes by coat color, showed that cows typical pigmentation, characteristic of red dairy breed (red hair occupied more than 80 % of the body surface), wound lesions of the lower leg are much less common, namely: in comparison with red-spotted animals by 28.41–15.98 %, with mostly white – by 39.03–20.23 %, respectively. Due to the negative impact of open wounds of the skin of the leg on the immunity of lactating cows, it was found that increasing the number of animals with damaged epithelium as a gateway to infection, provokes an increase in the service period in cows with predominantly white or mottled color to 140.97 and 141.07 days, which is higher by 6.74 and 6.84 days, respectively, compared with red animals (P < 0.05).
Study of the properties of nanoparticles of Ag and Zn citrates
Authors: Klishchova Zh. E.
Published: January 2021

The use of nanomaterials has become especially relevant as components of new drugs, adjuvants and new ingredients in feed additives. The very combination of inorganic components (metals) with natural minerals (сeolites, clenoptolites) made it possible to create fundamentally new chemical compounds that differ significantly in the mechanism of action and their physicochemical characteristics from traditionally used drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases of poultry. The practical application of the composition involves the use of small sizes of nanoparticles that are in the “nanoscale” from 1 to 100 nm. Our article contains the results of studies of Ag and Zn nanomaterials in combination with citrate in the form of powder and dispersed solutions. As a result of scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the studied sample of Ag and Zn nanoparticles is a gray powder of monocrystalline particles of irregular shape, the size of which varies from 160 to 350 nm. Particles of three sizes were most often found among Ag and Zn citrates, namely: 160 nm – 45 %, 210 nm – 35 %, 350 nm – 20 %. Studying the bactericidal properties of dispersed solutions of Ag and Zn citrates on microbial suspensions of test cultures of Escherichia coli (ser.O2), Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, we found that Ag citrate showed better bactericidal properties in relation to all experimental test cultures of Escherichia coli (ser.O2), Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, in contrast to the citrate solution Zn, which was only effective against Escherichia coli (ser.O2), and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Seasonal activity of ixodid ticks in Podilskyi region
Authors: Levytska V. A.
Published: January 2021

Ixodid ticks are the most important arthropod hematophagies in veterinary medicine. The spread of ticks and tick borne diseases is linked to human activities, including habitat change, deforestation, economic globalization, international animal movements, urbanization and climate change. The research was conducted from March 2018 to March 2019 in Khmelnytsky region. In total were collected 2086 D. reticulatus ticks and 658 I. ricinus ticks. During the studies, two peaks of seasonal activity of both species of ticks were observed according to the average number of specimens in the three study areas. Spring activity began in March, and the peak was observed in April. Males were found to be more active in March and the first half of April, while females dominated males from late May to late June. The second peak of activity in the study area began in mid-September. Since the beginning of September, the activity of ticks has increased almost eight times compared to August. The peak of autumn activity was observed in late October and early November. Active females dominated males from early October to late autumn. From mid-June to mid-September, single specimens of ticks were detected. During the winter, no ticks were found in the experimental plots. On average, in all experimental areas of Khmelnytsky region, ticks were active at a temperature of 10.8 to 27.8 °C (average temperature – 21.6 ± 6.57 °C) and humidity – 39.90–78.20 % (average humidity – 61.79 %). Statistical analysis performed for all study areas showed that air temperature significantly affected the activity of both species of ticks. However, correlations between the number of ticks collected and humidity throughout the study area and in different areas were not observed separately. The largest number of ticks was collected during the period when daylight lasted approximately 12–14 hours; in turn, the lowest number of ticks was detected on days with more than 15 hours of daylight. Statistical analysis confirmed the correlation between the length of daylight and the activity of ticks of both species.
Features of the course and treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in dogs
Authors: Khomyn N. M. , Mysak A. R. , Tsisinska S. V. , Pritsak V. V. , Nazaruk N. V. , Lenjo Yu. M. , Semeniyk N. V.
Published: January 2021

Periodontal disease is known to be the most common and serious health problem in dogs today. Despite the rather large arsenal of medicinal substances, the problem of treatment and prevention of periodontal disease remains relevant. Based on this, the purpose of the work was to study the features of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and to develop an effective treatment regimen for dentistically ill dogs. For research, two groups of animals with chronic catarrhal gingivitis were formed in 5 dogs in each (control and experimental), selected on the principle of analogues in terms of age, character and localization of the inflammatory process. Animals of the control and experimental groups were performed tartar removal, irrigation of the oral cavity with water and drying of the mucosa with a sterile gauze swab. Dogs of the control group on the mucous membrane was applied 1 ml of septogel 2 times a day, and the experimental – argumentistin 2 times a day. Before and after the procedures on the mucous membrane was applied a 3 % solution of hydrogen peroxide. It was determined the prevalence of dental disease in dogs, the influence of microflora on the condition of the oral cavity of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, the clinical condition and the main indices and samples were studied, reflecting the intensity of the inflammatory process in the gums of sick dogs and was developed a method of treatment. The results of researches have shown that the use of argumentistin in the complex treatment of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis helps to reduce the recovery period by 5 days.
Connection between the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa and the content of lipoproteins in bull sperm
Authors: Stefanyk V. Ju. , Kava S. J. , Ostapiv D. D. , Jaremchuk I. M.
Published: January 2021

The relationship between the activity of enzymes-markers of fertility of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase with the content of lipoproteins in bull ejaculates was studied. The research was conducted at the Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv and the Lviv National Production Center “Zakhidplemresursy”. Physiological indicators of the quality of bull ejaculates (volume, ml; sperm motility, scores; concentration, 109 cells/ml) and the activity of enzymes-markers of reproductive capacity of germ cells were studied. Freshly obtained bull ejaculates are characterized by a volume of 4.3 ± 0.18 ml, a concentration of 1.09 × 109 cells/ml and sperm activity of 7.4 ± 0.16 points. The activity of enzymes-markers of fertilization ability of germ cells shows a positive relationship with the content of very high density lipoproteins. In particular, for less than 30.0 units / h × 0.1 ml of semen enzyme activity revealed a minimum content of the fraction (22.1–23.4 %), which increases by 5.0–9.9 % with an increase to 50.0 units/h × 0.1 ml of semen and increases by another 14.6–25.4 % by more than 50.0 units/h × 0.1 ml of semen. Bull semen contains the main fractions of lipoproteins: chylomicrons (26.5 ± 2.20 %), very low density – 10.4 ± 0.44 %, low – 18.3 ± 1.84 %, high – 17.1 ± 1.09 % and very high density – 26.8 ± 1.94 %, and sperm show 24.7 ± 2.79 units/h × 0.1 ml of sperm succinate dehydrogenase and 36.7 ± 2.66 units/h × 0.1 ml of sperm cytochrome oxidase. With a proportional increase in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, the content of low and high density lipoproteins in semen shows a negative correlation (η = 0.202–0.295) and with a very high density – positive (η = 0.490), and cytochrome oxidase with a high content of chylomitecron and negative chylomicron and lipoproin = 0.352 and 0.438) and from a very high density – positive (η = 0.674). With a proportional increase in the activity of enzymes-markers of the fertilizing ability of germ cells, the content of chylomicrons, low and high density lipoproteins decreases, and the content of very high density lipoproteins increases.