bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Promote Wound Healing through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAP Kinases) Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Yun-Hee , Yang Dong , Kulkarni Atul , Moh Sang , Kim Ki
Published: November 2015

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are secondary metabolites found in diverse marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms. Evidence suggests that MAAs have several beneficial effects on skin homeostasis such as protection against UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, MAAs are also involved in the modulation of skin fibroblasts proliferation. However, the regulatory function of MAAs on wound repair in human skin is not yet clearly elucidated. To investigate the roles of MAAs on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes, three MAAs, Shinorine (SH), Mycosporine-glycine (M-Gly), and Porphyra (P334) were purified from Chlamydomonas hedlyei and Porphyra yezoensis. We found that SH, M-Gly, and P334 have significant effects on the wound healing process in human keratinocytes and these effects were mediated by activation of focal adhesion kinases (FAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). These results suggest that MAAs accelerate wound repair by activating the FAK-MAPK signaling pathways. This study also indicates that MAAs can act as a new wound healing agent and further suggests that MAAs might be a novel biomaterial for wound healing therapies.
Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment in the Static and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of AZ91D Mg Alloy
Authors: Puga Helder , Carneiro Vitor , Barbosa Joaquim , Vieira Vanessa
Published: November 2015

The present study evaluates the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (US) in the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of AZ91D by microstructural modification. The characterization of samples revealed that US treatment promoted the refinement of dendrite cell size, reduced the thickness, and changed the β-Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase to a globular shape, promoted its uniform distribution along the grain boundaries and reduced the level of porosity. In addition to microstructure refinement, US treatment improved the alloy mechanical properties, namely the ultimate tensile strength (40.7%) and extension (150%) by comparison with values obtained for castings produced without US vibration. Moreover, it is suggested that the internal friction, enhanced by the reduction of grain size, is compensated by the homogenization of the secondary phase and reduction of porosity. It seems that by the use of US treatment, it is possible to enhance static mechanical properties without compromising the damping properties in AZ91D alloys.
Metabogenic and Nutriceutical Approaches to Address Energy Dysregulation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Rybalka Emma , Timpani Cara , Stathis Christos , Hayes Alan , Cooke Matthew
Published: November 2015

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic muscle wasting disease with no current cure. A prominent, yet poorly treated feature of dystrophic muscle is the dysregulation of energy homeostasis which may be associated with intrinsic defects in key energy systems and promote muscle wasting. As such, supplementative nutriceuticals that target and augment the bioenergetical expansion of the metabolic pathways involved in cellular energy production have been widely investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of DMD. We describe the metabolic nuances of dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and review the potential of various metabogenic and nutriceutical compounds to ameliorate the pathological and clinical progression of the disease.
Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems—A Facile Approach for Ionic Liquid Regeneration from Crude Plant Extracts
Authors: Keremedchieva Rozalina , Svinyarov Ivan , Bogdanov Milen
Published: November 2015

The possibility for simultaneous controlled partition of the biologically active alkaloid S-(+)-glaucine, presented in a crude ionic liquid-aqueous plant extract, and separation of the ionic liquid (IL) employed by means of ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-ABS) was investigated in this study. The ABS were formed by the addition of inorganic salts with distinct water-structuring properties such as Na2CO3, MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NaH2PO4 to an enriched of glaucine extract of Glaucium flavum Cr. (Papaveraceae). The influence of the salt type and concentration on the phase-forming ability, as well as the pH value on the partition of glaucine between the two phases formed, was comprehensively studied. It was found that the target alkaloid is predominantly transferred into the IL-rich phase, regardless the influential factors. The results obtained were further used as a platform for the development of an improved extractive procedure, ensuring simultaneous glaucine recovery, IL recycling and water removal in a single technological step. Thus, based on the formation of a three-phase system consisting of butyl acetate, IL-rich phase, and salt-rich phase, nearly quantitative recovery of glaucine (>99%), IL recycling (ca. 90%), and water removal (ca. 85%) were achieved by salt-induced separation of the crude plant extract.
Simulation of Forest Evapotranspiration Using Time-Series Parameterization of the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) over the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Tian Xin , Van der Tol Christiaan , Su Zhongbo , Li Zengyuan , Chen Erxue , Li Xin , Yan Min , Chen Xuelong , Wang Xufeng , Pan Xiaoduo , Ling Feilong , Li Chunmei , Fan Wenwu , Li Longhui
Published: November 2015

We propose a long-term parameterization scheme for two critical parameters, zero-plane displacement height (d) and aerodynamic roughness length (z0m), that we further use in the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS). A sensitivity analysis of SEBS indicated that these two parameters largely impact the estimated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes. First, we calibrated regression relationships between measured forest vertical parameters (Lorey’s height and the frontal area index (FAI)) and forest aboveground biomass (AGB). Next, we derived the interannual Lorey’s height and FAI values from our calibrated regression models and corresponding forest AGB dynamics that were converted from interannual carbon fluxes, as simulated from two incorporated ecological models and a 2009 forest basis map These dynamic forest vertical parameters, combined with refined eight-day Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI products, were applied to estimate the eight-day d, z0m, and, thus, the heat roughness length (z0h). The obtained d, z0m and z0h were then used as forcing for the SEBS model in order to simulate long-term forest evapotranspiration (ET) from 2000 to 2012 within the Qilian Mountains (QMs). As compared with MODIS, MOD16 products at the eddy covariance (EC) site, ET estimates from the SEBS agreed much better with EC measurements (R2 = 0.80 and RMSE = 0.21 mm·day−1).
Establishment and Applied Research on a Wetland Ecosystem Evaluation Model in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Han-Shen
Published: November 2015

There is rich biodiversity and biomass in wetlands and these areas are important in ecosystems. Assessment of the environment of wetlands is critical in the management of pivotal ecosystems. The energy ecological footprint (EEF) is an improved form of the ecological footprint method based on the theory of energy value. EEF can be a useful tool for comparing and monitoring environmental impacts. EEF was used to investigate a national coastal wetland in Taiwan; i.e., Gaomei Wetlands. We created a wetland ecosystem evaluation model to quantify the EEF, ecological safety of the GaomeiWetlands, and energy ecological carrying capacity to assess the current environmental situation of the area between 2007 and 2013. The research results provide a reference for environmental policy execution, strategy, and planning and suggestions for sustainable development of the Gaomei Wetlands. Our study showed that the per capita ecological carrying capacity of the Gaomei Wetlands experienced fluctuations during the time of the study. However, the per capita EF had substantial growth. The per capita ecological carrying capacity of the Gaomei Wetlands was influenced by the EFs of the fossil energy land, meadows, and croplands.
Characterization of Ricin and R. communis Agglutinin Reference Materials
Authors: Worbs Sylvia , Skiba Martin , Söderström Martin , Rapinoja Marja-Leena , Zeleny Reinhard , Russmann Heiko , Schimmel Heinz , Vanninen Paula , Fredriksson Sten-Åke , Dorner Brigitte
Published: November 2015

Ricinus communis intoxications have been known for centuries and were attributed to the toxic protein ricin. Due to its toxicity, availability, ease of preparation, and the lack of medical countermeasures, ricin attracted interest as a potential biological warfare agent. While different technologies for ricin analysis have been established, hardly any universally agreed-upon “gold standards” are available. Expert laboratories currently use differently purified in-house materials, making any comparison of accuracy and sensitivity of different methods nearly impossible. Technically challenging is the discrimination of ricin from R. communis agglutinin (RCA120), a less toxic but highly homologous protein also contained in R. communis. Here, we established both highly pure ricin and RCA120 reference materials which were extensively characterized by gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight approaches as well as immunological and functional techniques. Purity reached >97% for ricin and >99% for RCA120. Different isoforms of ricin and RCA120 were identified unambiguously and distinguished by LC-ESI MS/MS. In terms of function, a real-time cytotoxicity assay showed that ricin is approximately 300-fold more toxic than RCA120. The highly pure ricin and RCA120 reference materials were used to conduct an international proficiency test.
An International Proficiency Test to Detect, Identify and Quantify Ricin in Complex Matrices
Authors: Worbs Sylvia , Skiba Martin , Bender Jennifer , Zeleny Reinhard , Schimmel Heinz , Luginbühl Werner , Dorner Brigitte
Published: November 2015

While natural intoxications with seeds of Ricinus communis (R. communis) have long been known, the toxic protein ricin contained in the seeds is of major concern since it attracts attention of those intending criminal, terroristic and military misuse. In order to harmonize detection capabilities in expert laboratories, an international proficiency test was organized that aimed at identifying good analytical practices (qualitative measurements) and determining a consensus concentration on a highly pure ricin reference material (quantitative measurements). Sample materials included highly pure ricin as well as the related R. communis agglutinin (RCA120) spiked into buffer, milk and meat extract; additionally, an organic fertilizer naturally contaminated with R. communis shred was investigated in the proficiency test. The qualitative results showed that either a suitable combination of immunological, mass spectrometry (MS)-based and functional approaches or sophisticated MS-based approaches alone successfully allowed the detection and identification of ricin in all samples. In terms of quantification, it was possible to determine a consensus concentration of the highly pure ricin reference material. The results provide a basis for further steps in quality assurance and improve biopreparedness in expert laboratories worldwide.
Recommended Immunological Strategies to Screen for Botulinum Neurotoxin-Containing Samples
Authors: Simon Stéphanie , Fiebig Uwe , Liu Yvonne , Tierney Rob , Dano Julie , Worbs Sylvia , Endermann Tanja , Nevers Marie-Claire , Volland Hervé , Sesardic Dorothea , Dorner Martin
Published: November 2015

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the life-threatening neurological illness botulism in humans and animals and are divided into seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G), of which serotypes A, B, E, and F cause the disease in humans. BoNTs are classified as “category A” bioterrorism threat agents and are relevant in the context of the Biological Weapons Convention. An international proficiency test (PT) was conducted to evaluate detection, quantification and discrimination capabilities of 23 expert laboratories from the health, food and security areas. Here we describe three immunological strategies that proved to be successful for the detection and quantification of BoNT/A, B, and E considering the restricted sample volume (1 mL) distributed. To analyze the samples qualitatively and quantitatively, the first strategy was based on sensitive immunoenzymatic and immunochromatographic assays for fast qualitative and quantitative analyses. In the second approach, a bead-based suspension array was used for screening followed by conventional ELISA for quantification. In the third approach, an ELISA plate format assay was used for serotype specific immunodetection of BoNT-cleaved substrates, detecting the activity of the light chain, rather than the toxin protein. The results provide guidance for further steps in quality assurance and highlight problems to address in the future.
Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Platform during Rubella Virus Infection
Authors: Claus Claudia , Manssen Lena , Hübner Denise , Roßmark Sarah , Bothe Viktoria , Petzold Alice , Große Claudia , Reins Mareen , Mankertz Annette , Frey Teryl , Liebert Uwe
Published: November 2015

Mitochondria- as well as p53-based signaling pathways are central for the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Their contribution to rubella virus (RV)-induced apoptosis was addressed through time-specific evaluation of characteristic parameters such as permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from mitochondria. Additionally, expression and localization pattern of p53 and selected members of the multifunctional and stress-inducible cyclophilin family were examined. The application of pifithrin μ as an inhibitor of p53 shuttling to mitochondria reduced RV-induced cell death to an extent similar to that of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl-V-A-D-(OMe)-fmk). However, RV progeny generation was not altered. This indicates that, despite an increased survival rate of its cellular host, induction of apoptosis neither supports nor restricts RV replication. Moreover, some of the examined apoptotic markers were affected in a strain-specific manner and differed between the cell culture-adapted strains: Therien and the HPV77 vaccine on the one hand, and a clinical isolate on the other. In summary, the results presented indicate that the transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 program contributes to RV-induced apoptosis.
A simple and efficient quasi 3-dimensional viscoelastic model and software for simulation of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy
Authors: Solares Santiago D
Published: November 2015

This paper introduces a quasi-3-dimensional (Q3D) viscoelastic model and software tool for use in atomic force microscopy (AFM) simulations. The model is based on a 2-dimensional array of standard linear solid (SLS) model elements. The well-known 1-dimensional SLS model is a textbook example in viscoelastic theory but is relatively new in AFM simulation. It is the simplest model that offers a qualitatively correct description of the most fundamental viscoelastic behaviors, namely stress relaxation and creep. However, this simple model does not reflect the correct curvature in the repulsive portion of the force curve, so its application in the quantitative interpretation of AFM experiments is relatively limited. In the proposed Q3D model the use of an array of SLS elements leads to force curves that have the typical upward curvature in the repulsive region, while still offering a very low computational cost. Furthermore, the use of a multidimensional model allows for the study of AFM tips having non-ideal geometries, which can be extremely useful in practice. Examples of typical force curves are provided for single- and multifrequency tapping-mode imaging, for both of which the force curves exhibit the expected features. Finally, a software tool to simulate amplitude and phase spectroscopy curves is provided, which can be easily modified to implement other controls schemes in order to aid in the interpretation of AFM experiments.
Syntheses of 2-substituted 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinones (bromaminic acid analogues) – precursors for dyes and drugs
Authors: Malik Enas M , Baqi Younis , Müller Christa E
Published: November 2015

Anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives play a prominent role in medicine and also in textile industry. Bromaminic acid (1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) is an important precursor for obtaining dyes as well as biologically active compounds through the replacement of the C4-bromo substituent with different (ar)alkylamino residues. Here we report methods for the synthesis of bromaminic acid analogues bearing different substituents at the 2-position of the anthraquinone core. 1-Aminoanthraquinone was converted to its 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted derivative which, under different reaction conditions, yielded the corresponding carbaldehyde, carboxylic acid, and nitrile derivatives. The latter was further reacted to obtain 1-amino-2-tetrazolylanthraquinone. Subsequent bromination using bromine in DMF led to the corresponding bromaminic acid derivatives in excellent isolated yields (>90%) and high purities. Alternatively, 1-amino-4-bromo-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone could be directly converted to the desired 2-substituted bromaminic acid analogues in high yields (85–100%). We additionally report the preparation of bromaminic acid sodium salt and 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone directly from 1-aminoanthraquinone in excellent yields (94–100%) and high purities. The synthesized brominated AQs are valuable precursors for the preparation of AQ drugs and dyes.
Three new Scandinavian species of Culicoides (Culicoides): C. boyi sp. nov., C. selandicus sp. nov. and C. kalix sp. nov. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Nielsen Søren , Kristensen Michael , Pape Thomas
Published: November 2015

In the context of a major monitoring program of Culicoides in Denmark and Sweden due to the appearance of bluetongue disease in 2007–2008, a large number of specimens were collected by light traps and sorted morphologically, with COI barcodes generated for selected specimens.

Three species are described as new to science based on both morphological and molecular data: Culicoides (Culicoides) boyi sp. nov. (Denmark: Jutland), C. (C.) selandicus sp. nov. (Denmark: Zealand) and C. (C.) kalix sp. nov. (Sweden: Norrbotten). All are diagnosed morphologically as well as by molecular barcoding. A key to slide-mounted females of all Scandinavian species of Culicoides (Culicoides) is presented.
Défendre en justice sous la Révolution française. La fin des mémoires judiciaires imprimés (1788-1792) ?
Authors: Leuwers Hervé
Published: November 2015

Dans l’histoire politique et culturelle de la France des Lumières, l’intérêt suscité par les mémoires judiciaires semble s’éteindre en 1789. Tandis que les historiens du xviii e siècle soulignent l’importance des factums dans les procès criminels ou civils, dans la transformation de l’opinion publique et dans le développement de la critique envers la société ou l’État, cette source est délaissée pendant la décennie révolutionnaire, avant de réapparaître, récemment, dans les études sur le xix e siècle. L’importance du factum s’éclipse lorsque l’emporte la parole dans la salle d’audience, mais aussi la presse, les brochures, les débats de l’Assemblée nationale ou des clubs dans l’espace public. Ce silence historiographique, à n’en pas douter, signifie quelque chose ; il révèle l’importance des transformations qui touchent le mémoire judiciaire et son usage dans les stratégies de défense, dans les premiers temps de la Révolution française et même dès 1788. Par l’approche de trois corpus de sources (des collections de bibliothèques, des expériences individuelles d’avocat et des affaires judiciaires), cet article tente une première synthèse et offre quelques pistes de réflexions sur le déclin du mémoire judiciaire à la fin du xviii e siècle, sur sa chronologie et sur ses raisons, mais aussi sur les transformations de la forme et des usages de ce média au début de la Révolution française.
La réorganisation du culte au village à l’heure du serment constitutionnel. L’exemple du district de Lille
Authors: Deman Marie
Published: November 2015

Initiée au départ pour refonder l’Église de France, la Constitution Civile du Clergé et le serment eurent des répercussions profondes sur la vie religieuse dans les villages du district de Lille. En conditionnant le salaire et la charge de curé du village à la prestation d’un serment « à la Nation, à la Loi et au Roi », les lois de régénération religieuse poussèrent une grande partie des prêtres du district à refuser cette condition à leur maintien en poste. 75 % d’entre eux perdirent leur cure en quelques semaines. De fait, les fidèles, les municipalités rurales, et les autorités du district de Lille furent confrontées à l’absence de prêtre, à l’arrivée d’un nouveau constitutionnel désormais élu mais parfois aussi à la cohabitation entre deux cultes au village. Ces nouvelles formes de vie religieuse transformèrent les liens qui unissaient les villageois à leur église.
Des autorités confortées ou contestées ? Les administrateurs frontaliers face à la fuite du roi
Authors: Kaci Maxime
Published: November 2015

La fuite du roi est un moment d’épreuve crucial pour les territoires frontaliers qui s’étendent du Pas-de-Calais aux Ardennes. Conscientes de leur position stratégique et des risques politiques et militaires induits par le départ de Louis XVI, les autorités frontalières, qu’elles soient communales, départementales ou de district, s’organisent en réseau pour contrôler la circulation de l’information et, du même coup, les réactions collectives. Elles se chargent ensuite d’encadrer la mobilisation des habitants pour parer à une éventuelle attaque militaire. Leur rôle d’intermédiaire entre le pouvoir central et la population est conforté. Toutefois, leur position légaliste est contestée par des militants politiques qui dénoncent la monarchie constitutionnelle. L’unité affichée au cœur de l’épreuve se délite rapidement et provoque des conflits qui vont durablement structurer la vie politique septentrionale.
Le comité de surveillance et la police de Liège en l’an III. Une institution extraordinaire à l’épreuve de l’ordinaire ?
Authors: Renglet Antoine
Published: November 2015

À la suite de la victoire des armées françaises à Fleurus, le 26 juin 1794, un régime d’occupation est imposé dans la principauté de Liège et les Pays-Bas autrichiens. Pour maintenir l’ordre public et réprimer les infractions aux arrêtés des représentants du peuple en mission envoyés par la Convention, des comités de surveillance inspirés du modèle révolutionnaire français sont installés dans les principales villes des territoires occupés, notamment à Liège. Cet article analyse comment le comité de surveillance de Liège a fonctionné et interagit avec les différentes autorités et a pris part au système policier de la ville de Liège pendant cette brève période d’occupation. Animé des idéaux de la Révolution française, le comité de surveillance de Liège remplit des tâches très variées touchant autant à la surveillance politique qu’à la police urbaine ordinaire. Supprimés dès février 1795 après une courte période d’activité, le comité liégeois préfigure cependant l’établissement du système judiciaire et policier dans les départements belges quelques mois plus tard, en octobre de la même année.
Qu’est-ce qu’une institution durable ? Le cas de la gendarmerie (Ourthe, 1796-1816)
Authors: Lignereux Aurélien
Published: November 2015

Par contraste avec la violence des ruptures géopolitiques qui secouent les espaces français et belge de 1787 à 1815, le glissement, dans le premier, de la maréchaussée à la gendarmerie nationale en 1791, et le passage, dans le second, de la gendarmerie française à la maréchaussée belge en 1814, font figure de transitions institutionnelles douces. Voilà de quoi alimenter toute une historiographie corporatiste sur le thème de la continuité de l’État et de la nécessité de son bras armé, concourant par là même à désincarner l’histoire de la gendarmerie. En réaction, se placer à la hauteur de ses membres permet de mieux saisir sa dimension révolutionnaire car révolutionnante, les difficultés à prendre pied dans les départements réunis, fût-ce dans le terrain a priori propice de l’Ourthe, la dépolitisation du corps au nom de la professionnalisation et enfin les bases humaines sur lesquelles s’effectue la fondation d’une maréchaussée belge.
Victor Delbos, interprète de l’« idéalisme » de Descartes par « gros temps »
Authors: Maisonhaute Jean-Louis
Published: November 2015

Cette étude vise à comprendre la double lecture delbosienne de l’héroïsme philosophique associé à l’« idéalisme » cartésien : d’une part, un héroïsme intrinsèque au régime d’évidence de l’idée où le problème est de savoir comment actualiser une idée sans la réifier ; d’autre part, un héroïsme propre au régime national de l’« idéalisme » cartésien où le problème est de savoir comment concevoir un patriotisme philosophique en temps de guerre sans succomber au nationalisme ? Où l’on verra que l’expérience métaphysique et politique de l’immédiateté de l’idée n’est pas celle d’une réalité immédiate (l’« idéalisme » cartésien étant moins « problématique » que restreint – d’où les guillemets) mais d’un jugement libre dont la conquête transforme le philosophe en un héros discret s’il en est.
Jacques D’Hondt interprète de Marx
Authors: Tertulian Nicolas
Published: November 2015

La communication sur « Jacques D’Hondt interprète de Marx » se propose dans un premier temps de faire valoir les contributions originales du philosophe français à l’analyse des rapports d’intime connexion entre la dialectique hégélienne et la dialectique marxienne. La continuité profonde entre la dialectique de Hegel et celle de Marx – Jacques D’Hondt oppose une fin de non-recevoir catégorique aux thèses discontinuistes et rupturalistes défendues par Foucault, Althusser et Deleuze – est le pilier des nombreuses études consacrées par D’Hondt aux rapports Hegel-Marx. Sans sous-estimer l’opposition fondamentale entre l’idéalisme hégélien et le matérialisme marxien, Jacques D’Hondt se propose de démontrer l’assimilation in succum et sanguinem des grands acquis de la pensée hégélienne dans les textes de Marx, la continuité de leurs vues sur le travail, sur l’aliénation, sur les catégories fondamentales de la dialectique, à l’antipode du positivisme, du structuralisme ou de l’utopisme. Marx est désigné comme un penseur appartenant à la tradition « spéculative » de la philosophie, dans le sens antimétaphysique donné par Hegel au concept de « pensée spéculative ». La partie finale de la communication est consacrée aux vues novatrices de Jacques D’Hondt sur le concept de matérialisme, avec la valorisation de la catégorie de relation et la présence des « métaphores vitalistes » dans des textes significatifs de Marx.
La « compétence » en éducation : un renversement de logique anthropologique
Authors: Charbonnier Sébastien
Published: November 2015

Le problème est le suivant : pourquoi faudrait-il critiquer l’usage de la notion de compétence pour penser la formation de l’homme ? Cet article se veut un effort de clarification terminologique, effort qui est toujours en même temps celui d’une clarification conceptuelle vis‑à-vis de nos propres choix éthiques (comment agir en tant qu’éducateur, parent, enseignant ?) et une clarification stratégique vis‑à-vis des expressions véhiculées et publicisées dans le champ du savoir. C’est dans le passage d’une logique anthropologique à une autre que se mettent en place des enjeux politiques dont il faut tirer toutes les conséquences. La question classique de l’éducation relevait d’une anthropologie philosophique : penser les conditions nécessaires de l’éducabilité en droit de tout homme, riche de virtualités que l’empiricité de son existence viendrait actualiser selon les circonstances. La notion de compétence pose le problème d’une anthropologie économique : penser les conditions suffisantes de l’assignation de rôles sociaux en fait occupables par un individu. Dans un cas, on pense les réquisits d’un mouvement dynamique ouvert et infini en droit (problème de l’inaugural), dans l’autre cas, on pose les coordonnées d’un seuil qui devra être atteint en fait (problème du terminal). Dans ce nouveau paradigme anthropologique s’ouvre une logique parfaitement cohérente de légitimation de la compétition généralisée entre les individus, relayée conceptuellement par l’idée de performance. Ce papier essaie de dégager l’analyticité de cette solidarité conceptuelle pour mieux suggérer la nécessité d’une stratégie d’énonciation radicale lorsqu’il s’agit de penser l’éducation de l’homme : renoncer au terme de « compétence ».
Cyberespace et attentes eschatologiques : comment les technosciences participent-elles à la croyance en une humanité spirituellement connectée ?
Authors: Calheiros Cécilia
Published: November 2015

Dans la continuité des études analysant les phénomènes de religiosité que les nouvelles technologies suscitent (O. Krueger, D. Noble, H. Campbell), cet article propose de questionner les façons dont Internet est appréhendé comme moyen de salut. Ce média, intrinsèquement lié à l’idée d’unité spirituelle de l’humanité comme stade supérieur de l’évolution, a inspiré des innovations technologiques sous-tendues par des préoccupations eschatologiques. Elles sont liées au fonctionnement de l’esprit, aux moyens de l’augmenter par les technosciences et sont motivées par une quête d’immortalité visant, à terme, à se débarrasser de la chair en transférant l’esprit humain dans la machine. Ainsi, des logiciels prédictifs, comme le Global Consciousness Project, le WebBot Project ou Google Brain, articulant conscience globale, anticipation du futur et fin du monde sont apparus. Quel sens donner à ce phénomène de réappropriation religieuse d’Internet ? Comment passe-t-on d’un lien technologique à un lien spirituel qui transcenderait l’humanité ? Et surtout, quels liens peut-il y avoir entre des logiciels prédictifs et la volonté de décorporéiser l’humain, afin de le rendre immortel ? À partir d’une analyse des sources canoniques de la cyberculture et d’une étude des communautés adhérant aux énoncés de logiciels prédictifs, cet article analyse les usages de la croyance en la conscience globale lorsqu’elle est corrélée à la divination assistée par Internet. Il montre que le développement de ces logiciels, en se parant d’un positivisme scientifique, est révélateur d’une certaine sécularisation des discours autour de la conscience globale et nous informe du rôle des technosciences dans la fabrication d’utopies pratiquées.
Ascèse sportive et mode de vie communautaire : le quotidien de sportifs de haut niveau en athlétisme
Authors: Derycke Sylvaine
Published: November 2015

L’enquête se déroule dans un centre sportif d’excellence, l’INSEP. Il présente de profondes similitudes avec la vie monastique ce qui permet de l’envisager comme une « utopie pratiquée ». Une forme d’ascèse apparaît comme le moyen de réalisation de cette nouvelle utopie. Elle est envisagée comme le cadre à partir duquel se nouent et se dénouent les relations entre les personnes. La démarche consiste à comprendre ces connivences entre le milieu sportif et la sphère religieuse afin d’envisager la puissance implicite d’un héritage judéo-chrétien réactivé par des logiques contemporaines, et ainsi estimer la juste mesure du potentiel de renouvellement et de déplacement de productions croyantes.
De l’hypothèse d’une analogie entre « direction spirituelle » et cure psychanalytique
Authors: Botton Léo
Published: November 2015

Cet article a été présenté lors d’une journée d’études doctorales à l’initiative du CEIFR et du CARE intitulée « Sacrés liens ! » ayant eu lieu le 21 mai 2013 à l’ÉHESS. Cette journée d’étude, problématisée autour de la notion de Lien et pariant sur son efficacité heuristique dans le cadre large et interdisciplinaire des sciences sociales des religions, a permis dans le cadre de sa quatrième session consacrée à « l’ascèce et les pratiques de soi : individu et liens sacrés » de réinterroger l’hypothèse audacieuse formulée, mais jamais développée, par Michel de Certeau d’une analogie entre pratique des Exercices spirituels et cure psychanalytique.Il a pour objectif de mettre en lumière la spécificité de la triangulation du lien entre directeur, exercitant et Dieu dans cette pratique de soi si singulière que constitue les Exercices spirituels d’Ignace de Loyola, pratique trouvant ses racines dans le xvie siècle espagnol et se voyant dispensée depuis maintenant plus de cinq siècles à un public aussi bien régulier que laïque. Pour ce faire, je m’attacherai à analyser trois extraits du texte des Exercices spirituels, à savoir la primera annotacion, le prosupuesto et le principio y fundamento, pour mettre en relief la circulation de l’expérience au sein de cette pratique spirituelle jésuite qui pourrait alors se voir rapprochée d’une pratique de soi plus contemporaine que constitue la pratique psychanalytique.
Sacrés liens ou non-liens sacrés ? Hécate, les mortels et les lieux de passage en Grèce ancienne
Authors: Serafini Nicola
Published: November 2015

Cette étude analyse la relation qui unit la déesse Hécate aux lieux de passage, par le biais des sources littéraires qui documentent une série de rituels pratiqués dans les carrefours. De plus, la déesse était présente dans les entrées : elle est une divinité apotropaïque, qui sauvegarde l’intérieur en le protégeant des menaces de l’extérieur. À travers l’analyse des rituels accomplis dans les lieux de passage en honneur de la déesse Hécate, on explore les relations existant entre les mortels, cette divinité, et les non-lieux, en démontrant que les pratiques exécutées pour Hécate dans les non-lieux ne créaient pas de « liens sacrés » proprement dits, mais plutôt instauraient de subtils non-liens entre les mortels et la divinité, « en les liant sans les lier », pour ainsi dire.
(T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structures
Authors: Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2015

In this paper we introduce for the first time a new type of structures, called (T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structures, presented from a neutrosophic logic perspective, and we show particular cases of such structures in geometry and in algebra.
The Effects Produced by a Butterfly Valve in a Hydraulic Closed Circuit
Authors: Mândrea Lucian , Cipu Corina , Băbuţanu Corina , Oprina Gabriela
Published: November 2015

The paper presents the operation of a hydraulic closed circuit equipped with a butterfly valve which can close with a step of 10o. Using four pressure transducers and one temperature transducer, the authors determined the volumetric flow rate, the average water velocity and the local pressure loss in the butterfly valve, the flow coefficient Kv and also the incipient cavitation coefficient. Recommendations for the disposal of the butterfly valve are made and conclusions are obtained regarding the range of opening degrees in which the butterfly valve is better to be used.
Global Analysis of Tip Clearance Influence on Centrifugal Compressor Performance
Authors: Drăgan Valeriu , Gherman Bogdan , Mălăel Ion , Bimbasa Razvan
Published: November 2015

In this paper a case study of a trans-sonic centrifugal compressor at various tip gap values is presented. At all clearance values, global parameters of efficiency and head coefficient were assessed for the rotor and the stage. All results were obtained through 3D CFD simulations carried out with the k-omega SST model. Results indicate that stage performance can easily be correlated with the tip gap size while rotor performances appear to be subject to more complex interactions. The work may be used to validate and extend the state of the art correlations and also to pave the way for more in-depth analysis into the phenomena occurring in centrifugal compressor flows.
Aspects Regarding the Performances of Small Swept Flying Wings Mini UAV-s in Aggressive Maneuvers
Authors: Prisacariu Vasile , Boscoianu Mircea , Cîrciu Ionică , Lile Ramona
Published: November 2015

The UAS are largely used both in civilian and operational theatre missions. The current paper shows an examples for the turning and the spiral as simple maneuvers are also relevant to the development of new tactical capabilities of small UAS through improving the performance itself.
On the Supersonic Combustion of Hydrogen around a Conical Obstacle Considering Variable Specific Heats with Application to Scramjets
Authors: Berbente Sorin , Crunteanu Daniel Eugeniu , Berbente Corneliu
Published: November 2015

One proposes a combined analytical-numerical method for the supersonic combustion around a conical obstacle, considering variable specific heats with temperature. One important aspect is to avoid the dissociation what is not possible if normal detonation waves (of Chapman-Jouguet type) occur. The Clarke model where the detonation wave is separated in a shock wave and a deflagation wave is able to reduce the temperature. Here conical waves are used. In order to characterize the combustion speed and intensity, new parameters are proposed. A comparison with the Chapman-Jouguet combustion is also presented.
Aircraft Engine Combustion Chamber Performances-Numerical Evaluation
Authors: Cîrciu Ionică , Rotaru Constantin , Luculescu Doru , Constantinescu Cristian
Published: November 2015

In this paper are presented some CFD results regarding combustion in an aircraft turbojet engine, for aviation fuels consisting of hydrocarbon mixtures. Recent achievements in chemical kinetic modeling of kerosene combustion are presented. Performance parameters investigated were combustion efficiency, unburned hydrocarbons as well as liner temperatures and smoke. The analysis is based on the theoretically and experimentally characteristics of a typical axial flow engine.
Low Cost Irrigation System for Domestic Crops Based on Arduino Uno and LabView
Authors: Flores Víctor A. , Rodríguez Wenceslao Eduardo , Rodríguez Adolfo Josue , Jaime Efraín , Martínez Oshiel , Zúñiga M.
Published: November 2015

This research stems from the problematic present in many places in the World and more specifically where the members of this work lives: Tamaulipas (in the North of Mexico), it is one of the most important agricultural area in the country, but a serious problem in the region are the high temperatures around 40-45 Celsius degrees and the long periods of drought due to lack of rain [1], which is why a low-cost irrigation system for domestic crops based on rainwater storage is proposed using Arduino Uno as a control device for the electronic driver´s with the LabView as monitoring platform
Investigation of some Intrinsic Properties of Thermal Sprayed Molybdenum Coatings for Railway Axle Applications
Authors: Matache Gheorghe , Puscasu Cristian , Paraschiv Alexandru , Trusca Oana
Published: November 2015

Thermal sprayed Mo coatings deposited on steel support deposited by electric arc and atmospheric plasma spray were investigated. Microstructural investigation of the coatings showed that in both variants the splats formed by rapid solidification and splashing during the impact with the substrate have irregular shape, exhibit cracks and scattered debris. The measured average equivalent diameter of the splats and the calculated average diameter of the particles that generated the splats are higher for electric arc spraying. Using the measured and calculated data it was descibed the relathionship between splats diameter, splats thickness and flattening degree. Some intrinsec properties of the coatings as roughness, hardness and bond strength were measured. All these properties are influenced by the splat size. Lower size of the splats lead to reduced surface roughness, higher hardness and higher bond strength of the coatings.
Improving Driver Comfort with Linear Quadratic Controller for Active Suspension System
Authors: Borozan Ion , Cosco Francesco , Argesanu Veronica
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this research is to point out a controlled vibration quarter car model of a human body in seated position. Its importance is mostly due to the vertical accelerations impact of the human body and be able to control these vibrations. This paper marks these vertical accelerations based on a concentrated mass mathematical damped model. This is first established mathematically and then simulated in Matlab software, its results clarifying the differences between accelerations at different parts of the model and their range. Then the study focuses on the controller built in Simulink. The first part of the study de-scribes the quarter car model with concentrated masses depicting also mass, stiffness, damping and forces repartition.
Optimizing the Design of a Magnetic Actuator for Scanning and Energy Harvesting MEMS Devices
Authors: Comeagă C. Daniel , Necula Cristian , Donţu Octavian
Published: November 2015

Among different types of energy-harvesting devices, the electrodynamic one is widely used due to the simple structure, high stability in time (better than piezoelectric materials). In the same time, the same structure could be applied for another application – scanning device. This article presents an analysis regarding the optimum design of the magnetic structure not as a bulk magnet, with specific problems during manufacturing, but as an array of micromagnets. The target function is the force acting on a mobile plate and the magnetic inductivity at that level.
Error Modeling and Calibration of MEMS-Based IMUs Including Accelerometers and Gyroscopes
Authors: Fatin Ali , Banazadeh Afshin
Published: November 2015

The objective of this paper is to describe the calibration test method and conditions for MEMS-based IMUs including accelerometers and gyroscopes. This method is mainly used to derive deterministic error bounds within the acceptable range of accuracy. After a detailed description of the error model, the calibration process, test procedure, and test results as well as practical challenges are discussed. The presented method is simple, cheap and fast that takes only a few hours for calibration and validation of these sensors.
Estimate of Color Depth Discretization Impact on the Accuracy of an Ideal Pinhole Camera
Authors: Mirescu Constantin Radu , Roșca Gabriela
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the limits of precision caused by color depth discretization in motion capture with known sphere marker in a uniform lighted scene for an ideal pinhole camera using a black box model. For each marker position its ellipse projection in the pixel plane is computed and the final pixel values are established based on how match the pixel area is covered by the marker image. The color of some boundary pixels loses information due to the color depth discretization and therefore the same image represents a range of marker location in space and not a single location. The maximum variations on all the major axis are computed with a precision of 100 nm for each marker location and a final analysis is performed using this findings.
The Study of an Electric Circuit of Force-Based Electrodynamic Energy Harvesting Device
Authors: Comeagă C. Daniel , Mîţiu A. Mihaela , Gheorghe Viorel
Published: November 2015

The energy harvesting became more popular as the need for small energy sources was growing. Among different types of energy harvesting (electromagnetic, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, light, heat) the first one is the oldest and still popular. The common studies focused on optimizing the electro-mechanical design. This paper is focusing on the study of the electric circuit, with the main goal of finding some optimum rules. The results could be used for designing the coil of the sensor and the external electrical circuit.
Application of the Fatigue Crack Opening/Closing Effect for SHM Using Electromechanical Impedance Technology
Authors: Pavelko Vitalijs
Published: November 2015

Earlier the effect of fatigue crack opening/closing (FCOC) to ultrasound guided wave propagation was investigated. The purpose of this article is to evaluate this effect to the electromechanical impedance (EMI) of the system "piezoelectric transducer / host structure. Experimental study performed using the flat samples of aluminum alloy. One of them had the 4 mm central hole. Other sample after fatigue testing had central fatigue crack of 40 mm length (including a 4 mm central hole for the initiation of a fatigue crack. Each sample was loaded by tensile axial static load from zero to 12 kN and the EMI measurement after eacn 2 kN incrementat of load. The EMI was measured in the frequency range of 20-40 kHz. It is established that the FCOC effect to magnitude and reactance of EMI mainly associated with variation of the capacitance of PZT under mechanical load. But the effect to the PZT resistance is more complex and more significant. The result of the study is the base of some procedure of fatigue crack detecting by the EMI method without baseline use. The developed model of EMI of ’host structure – PZT’ that is based on the modal decomposition of dynamic response of this system allows to solve main problems of the SHM system designing and optimizing of its parameters.
Spectral Monitoring of the Crops Vegetation Status in Precision Agriculture
Authors: Luculescu Marius Cristian , Cristea Luciana , Zamfira Sorin Constantin , Barbu Ion
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes an analysis of spectral monitoring processes of the crop vegetation status. In terms of the extensive implementation of precision agriculture, the performant agricultural management must ensure the monitoring of crop vegetation. In this context, determination and interpretation of vegetation indices, based on spectral data, plays a very important role. The performed research revealed the characteristics of monitoring the status of vegetation in order to obtain the necessary information, ie structure, actions and performances required to achieve an efficient system of monitoring the state of vegetation resources and to obtain the application maps for a precision crop management.precision crop management. This complex system ensures data acquisition and processing, thematic and application maps realization and decision generating on obtaining large productions and quality, on optimizing the economic profits, achieving of an integrated environmental protection and increasing of the sustainability of agricultural systems.
Modification of Space Truss Vibration Using Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Mehrian S.M. Nowruzpour , Mehrian S. Zamani
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is finite element presentation for vibration response of the intelligent structure (consisting peizoeectric members) and modification of the response. The active element consists of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator stack, a force transducer and mechanical interfaces. An integral plus double-integral force controller is designed to suppress vibration of the truss. In this paper, in order to find the best piezoelectric operator’s location in spatial truss and optimizing the performance of the member by changing the property of the members, an algorithm is presented to achieve desired natural frequency. Therefore, finite element method of spatial truss is extracted. The results are admitted by ANSYS software. At the end, an example to show the application of the relations is given.