bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplex bioimaging of single-cell spatial profiles for precision cancer diagnostics and therapeutics
Authors: Allam Mayar , Cai Shuangyi , Coskun Ahmet F.
Published: May 2020

Cancers exhibit functional and structural diversity in distinct patients. In this mass, normal and malignant cells create tumor microenvironment that is heterogeneous among patients. A residue from primary tumors leaks into the bloodstream as cell clusters and single cells, providing clues about disease progression and therapeutic response. The complexity of these hierarchical microenvironments needs to be elucidated. Although tumors comprise ample cell types, the standard clinical technique is still the histology that is limited to a single marker. Multiplexed imaging technologies open new directions in pathology. Spatially resolved proteomic, genomic, and metabolic profiles of human cancers are now possible at the single-cell level. This perspective discusses spatial bioimaging methods to decipher the cascade of microenvironments in solid and liquid biopsies. A unique synthesis of top-down and bottom-up analysis methods is presented. Spatial multi-omics profiles can be tailored to precision oncology through artificial intelligence. Data-driven patient profiling enables personalized medicine and beyond.
Lactic acid bacteria alleviate polycystic ovarian syndrome by regulating sex hormone related gut microbiota
Authors: He Yufeng , Wang Qianqian , Li Xiu , Wang Gang , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: May 2020

Administration of certain lactic acid bacteria alleviate polycystic ovarian syndrome in a letrozole induced rat model.
Dynamic band alignment modulation of ultrathin WOx/ZnO stack for high on/off ratio field-effect switching applications
Authors: Lee Ho-In , Park Jinseon , Kim Yun Ji , Heo Sunwoo , Hwang Jeongwoon , Kim Seung-Mo , Lee Yongsu , Cho Kyeongjae , Sung Myung Mo , Lee Byoung Hun
Published: May 2020

A two-dimensional WOx/ZnO stack reveals a unique carrier transport mechanism, which is explained by a dynamic band alignment between WOx and ZnO modulated by an external gate bias.
A signal cascade amplification strategy based on RT-PCR triggering of a G-quadruplex DNAzyme for a novel electrochemical detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Yuan Yuanyuan , Wu Xianyong , Liu Zhanmin , Ning Qiqi , Fu Liqiang , Wu Sujuan
Published: May 2020

An effective and sensitive DNAzyme method for electrochemical detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii was designed. The detection method is based on RT-PCR and cascade amplification of ribozymes to achieve rapid detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii.
Materials chemistry of triplet dynamic nuclear polarization
Authors: Nishimura Koki , Kouno Hironori , Kawashima Yusuke , Orihashi Kana , Fujiwara Saiya , Tateishi Kenichiro , Uesaka Tomohiro , Kimizuka Nobuo , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: May 2020

This Feature Article overviews the recently-emerged materials chemistry of triplet dynamic nuclear polarization (triplet-DNP) towards biological and medical applications.
Redox-active ligand assisted electrocatalytic water oxidation by a mononuclear cobalt complex
Authors: Biswas Sachidulal , Bose Suranjana , Debgupta Joyashish , Das Purak , Biswas Achintesh N.
Published: May 2020

A cobalt complex bearing a redox-active monoanionic amidate ligand is shown to act as an efficient molecular electrocatalyst for water oxidation at a moderate overpotential (∼500 mV) in mildly alkaline medium.
Role of size, alio-/multi-valency and non-stoichiometry in the synthesis of phase-pure high entropy oxide (Co,Cu,Mg,Na,Ni,Zn)O
Authors: Usharani Nandhini J. , Shringi Rajat , Sanghavi Harshil , Subramanian S. , Bhattacharya S. S.
Published: May 2020

Presence of multivalency/non-stoichiometry to accommodate a different-sized cation and maintaining electroneutrality were identified as the critical criteria for single-phase formation in multicomponent/high entropy systems.
The effect of quercetin on endothelial cells is modified by heterocellular interactions
Authors: Tumova Sarka , Houghton Michael J. , Williamson Gary
Published: May 2020

Single cell-type models are useful for determining mechanisms, but in vivo, cell–cell interactions are important, and neighbouring cells can impact endothelial cell function.
Sulfonic acid modified hollow polymer nanospheres with tunable wall-thickness for improving biodiesel synthesis efficiency
Authors: Song Wenliang , Zhang Yu , Varyambath Anuraj , Kim Ji Su , Kim Il
Published: May 2020

A green and efficient method has been developed to fabricate sulfonic acid-functionalized hollow acidic spherical catalysts with tunable shell thicknesses.
Effect of the triptycene scaffold on the photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties of the iridium(iii) complex
Authors: Zhou Yue-Yue , Xu Ding-Yan , Cheng Wei , Wang Yue , Tong Bi-Hai , He Gu-Feng , Tian Yong-Pan
Published: May 2020

Complex 2 achieves obviously higher nondoped device performance (12.6 cd A−1, 5.5%) than that of complex 1 (9.8 cd A−1, 3.8%).
Synthetic strategies for raspberry-like polymer composite particles
Authors: Zou Hua , Zhai Shuxia
Published: May 2020

The strategies used for the preparation of raspberry-like polymer composite particles are summarized comprehensively.
Theoretical study of D–A′–π–A/D–π–A′–π–A triphenylamine and quinoline derivatives as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cheng Ji , Deng Wang , Sun Bin , Liu Zhixin , Yan Lei , Wang Xueye , Xu Baomin , Wang Xingzhu
Published: May 2020

We have designed four dyes based on D–A′–π–A/D–π–A′–π–A triphenylamine and quinoline derivatives for DSSCs and studied their optoelectronic properties as well as the effects of the introduction of alkoxy groups and thiophene group on the properties.
A superhydrophilic bilayer structure of a nylon 6 nanofiber/cellulose membrane and its characterization as potential water filtration media
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Hapidin Dian Ahmad , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Iskandar Ferry , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
Published: May 2020

The SEM image of (a) cellulose membrane and (b) the bilayer structure of a nylon 6 nanofibrous membrane on a cellulose membrane as water filter media.
3D flower-like molybdenum disulfide modified graphite felt as a positive material for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Shuangyu , Li Dan , Xiao Qinhao , Jing Wenheng
Published: May 2020

The open flower-like structure facilitates vanadium ion transport. The capacity and efficiency of a battery using MoS2/GF are dramatically increased.
Whole exome sequencing of a family revealed a novel variant in the CHM gene, c.22delG p.(Glu8Serfs*4), which co-segregated with choroideremia
Authors: Dan Handong , Li Tuo , Lei Xinlan , Huang Xin , Xing Yiqiao , Shen Yin
Published: May 2020

Choroideremia is a complex form of blindness-causing retinal degeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathogenic variant and molecular etiology associated with choroideremia in a Chinese family. All available family members underwent detailed ophthalmological examinations. Whole exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing, and co-segregation analysis of family members were used to validate sequencing data and confirm the presence of the disease-causing gene variant. The proband was diagnosed with choroideremia on the basis of clinical manifestations. Whole exome sequencing showed that the proband had a hemizygous variant in the CHM gene, c.22delG p. (Glu8Serfs*4), which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to co-segregate with choroideremia. The variant was classified as likely pathogenic and has not previously been described. These results expand the spectrum of variants in the CHM gene, thus potentially enriching the understanding of the molecular basis of choroideremia. Moreover, they may provide insight for future choroideremia diagnosis and gene therapy.
Detecting dense text in natural images
Authors: Jiang Dianzhuan , Zhang Shengsheng , Huang Yaping , Zou Qi , Zhang Xingyuan , Pu Mengyang , Liu Junbo
Published: May 2020

Most existing text detection methods are mainly motivated by deep learning‐based object detection approaches, which may result in serious overlapping between detected text lines, especially in dense text scenarios. It is because text boxes are not commonly overlapped, as different from general objects in natural scenes. Moreover, text detection requires higher localisation accuracy than object detection. To tackle these problems, the authors propose a novel dense text detection network (DTDN) to localise tighter text lines without overlapping. Their main novelties are: (i) propose an intersection‐over‐union overlap loss, which considers correlations between one anchor and GT boxes and measures how many text areas one anchor contains, (ii) propose a novel anchor sample selection strategy, named CMax‐OMin, to select tighter positive samples for training. CMax‐OMin strategy not only considers whether an anchor has the largest overlap with its corresponding GT box (CMax), but also ensures the overlapping between one anchor and other GT boxes as little as possible (OMin). Besides, they train a bounding‐box regressor as post‐processing to further improve text localisation performance. Experiments on scene text benchmark datasets and their proposed dense text dataset demonstrate that the proposed DTDN achieves competitive performance, especially for dense text scenarios.
Retracted: KSSD: single‐stage multi‐object detection algorithm with higher accuracy
Authors: Hou Qingshan , Xing Jinsheng
Published: May 2020

Considering that the single shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm will be missed or even false when is used to detect the small‐ and medium‐sized objects, in this study, Kullback–Leibler single shot multibox detection (KSSD) object detection algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of small‐ and medium‐sized objects detection. Firstly, the details in the detection process are visualised with gradient‐weighted class activation mapping technology, and the details of each detection layer are shown in the form of class activation maps. Then it is noted that the phenomenon of the false or missed detection of the objects to be detected on small‐ and medium‐sized objects in the SSD algorithm is related to the regression loss function. Accordingly, Kullback–Leibler border regression loss strategy is adopted and non‐maximum suppression algorithm is used to output the final prediction boxes. Experimental results show that compared with the existed detection algorithms, the improved algorithm in this study has higher accuracy and stability, and can significantly improve the detection effect on small‐ and medium‐sized objects.
Optical validation and characterisation of Planck PSZ1 sources at the Canary Islands observatories
Authors: Barrena R. , Ferragamo A. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Streblyanska A. , Aguado-Barahona A. , Tramonte D. , Génova-Santos R. T. , Hempel A. , Lietzen H. , Aghanim N. , Arnaud M. , Böhringer H. , Chon G. , Dahle H. , Douspis M. , Lasenby A. N. , Mazzotta P. , Melin J. B. , Pointecouteau E. , Pratt G. W. , Rossetti M.
Published: May 2020

We report new galaxy clusters previously unknown included in the first Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) sources catalogue, the PSZ1. The results presented here were achieved during the second year of a two-year observational programme, the ITP13, developed at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain). Using the 2.5 m Isaac Newton telescope, the 3.5 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, the 4.2 m William Herschel telescope and the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias we characterised 75 SZ sources with low SZ significance, SZ S/N <  5.32. We performed deep optical imaging and spectroscopy in order to associate actual galaxy clusters with the SZ Planck source. We adopted robust criteria, based on the 2D spatial distribution, richness, and velocity dispersions to confirm actual optical counterparts up to z <  0.85. The selected systems are confirmed only if they are well aligned with respect to the PSZ1 coordinate and show high richness and high velocity dispersion. In addition, we also inspected the Compton y-maps and SZ significance in order to identify unrealistic detections. Following this procedure, we identify 26 cluster counterparts associated with the SZ emission, which means that only about 35% of the clusters considered in this low S/N PSZ1 subsample are validated. Forty-nine SZ sources (∼65% of this PSZ1 subset) remain unconfirmed. At the end of the ITP13 observational programme, we have studied 256 SZ sources with Dec ≥ −15° (212 of them completely unknown), finding optical counterparts for 152 SZ sources. The ITP13 validation programme has allowed us to update the PSZ1 purity, which is now more refined, increasing from 72% to 83% in the low SZ S/N regime. Our results are consistent with the predicted purity curve for the full PSZ1 catalogue and with the expected fraction of false detections caused by the non-Gaussian noise of foreground signals. We find a strong correlation between the number of unconfirmed sources and the thermal emission of diffuse galactic dust at 857 GHz, thus increasing the fraction of false Planck SZ detections at low galactic latitudes.
Application of TOPSIS Method Based on Entropy Weight -Delphi in the Evaluation of Teachers’ “double-qualified” Ability
Authors: Wang Weixia , Jun He
Published: May 2020

In order to improve the rationality and fairness of Teachers’ “Double-qualified” Ability, the article establishes an evaluation model based on 14 evaluation indexes of teachers’ “double-qualified” ability. it adopts Delphi - entropy weight method to weight the evaluation index, and then combines TOPSIS method to evaluate the evaluation object. In the evaluation of TOPSIS method, the traditional TOPSIS weight method was improved, and the entropy weight-delphi method was used to determine the index weight, which was a combination of subjective and objective, making the evaluation system more objective, scientific and reasonable.It not only avoids the subjectivity of decision makers and limitations, but also eliminates the phenomenon of indexes in common impact assessment results and finally applies it to a university teacher “Double division and triple energy” evaluation system, to provide theoretical basis and feasibility analysis for the “double type” teachers team construction.

Chinese library classification number: O224 Document identification code: A
L’innovation thérapeutique, à quel prix ?
Authors: Fischer Alain , Dewatripont Mathias , Goldman Michel
Published: May 2020

Comment préserver l’accessibilité aux nouveaux médicaments pour tous les patients qui en ont besoin ? La question se pose à la lumière des prix exorbitants auxquels les thérapies géniques, mais aussi les biothérapies et de nouvelles molécules chimiques, sont commercialisées. L’analyse montre qu’à court/moyen terme, l’arrivée sur le marché d’un nombre croissant de nouveaux traitements à haute valeur ajoutée mais à des prix très élevés deviendra insoutenable pour les organismes payeurs qui sous-tendent notre système de santé. Les arguments de rentabilité invoqués par les sociétés pharmaceutiques pour justifier les prix proposés sont à tout le moins contestables, d’autant plus qu’ils ne sont pas documentés de façon transparente et que cette industrie jouit déjà de marges bénéficiaires considérables, en comparaison de celles d’autres secteurs du monde économique. Quant aux promesses de guérison définitive assurée par certains traitements, il faudra encore attendre quelques années pour en vérifier le fondement. À l’aube d’une réforme qui apparaît incontournable, nous formulons plusieurs propositions pour faire avancer le débat, en particulier : (1) mettre en œuvre la résolution avancée par plusieurs états membres de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) pour assurer la transparence des coûts de développement des nouveaux médicaments ; (2) imposer une clause de prix raisonnable dans les accords qui régissent le transfert de technologies entre les institutions académiques soutenues par des fonds publics et les entreprises privées ; (3) instituer une instance européenne commune de négociation des prix des médicaments adaptée aux conditions socioéconomiques de chaque pays ; (4) conditionner le remboursement des traitements innovants à leur commercialisation par des entreprises - ou des filiales de celles-ci - répondant à des normes certifiant leur responsabilité sociétale et (5) développer en Europe des partenariats public-privé à but non lucratif, pour la création de quelques unités de production de biothérapies et thérapies géniques. L’objectif général de ces mesures serait de fixer un cadre qui permette de définir des prix qui garantissent un juste retour de l’investissement public vers le système de santé tout en assurant pour les entreprises un profit d’un niveau conforme au marché et une incitation suffisante à investir dans les domaines prioritaires pour la santé publique.
Uncertainties confronting stakeholders and decision-makers in planning intervention in urban and agricultural scenarios in the transition phase of a radiological emergency
Authors: Charnock T. , Andersson K. , Trueba C. , Montero M.
Published: May 2020

This paper summarises the work undertaken under task 1 of work package 4 of the CONFIDENCE project. The objective was to investigate uncertainties confronting stakeholders and decision makers at the transition phase of an accident and to frame the scene for subsequent tasks to investigate how stakeholders respond to that uncertainty. Urban and agricultural scenarios were considered separately. For urban scenarios, the investigation focussed on uncertainties in model predictions of residual dose from external exposure to radionuclides deposited in the urban environment. For agricultural scenarios, the objective was to analyse the uncertainties in the transfer and fate of radionuclides along different components of agricultural systems and their response to recovery actions.
„Eine Art kastrierter Direktzugang“ – Update zur Blankoverordnung
Authors: Mischner Julia , Buchner Ralf
Published: May 2020

Anfang Februar 2020 fand im Rahmen der TheraPro-Fachmesse in Stuttgart eine Podiumsdiskussion zwischen Ärzten und Therapeuten statt. Themenschwerpunkt: die kommende Blankoverordnung und die damit anstehenden Herausforderungen. Ralf Buchner schätzte im Gespräch mit ergopraxis Chancen und Risiken für Therapeuten ein.
Die Lebenswelt berücksichtigen – Klientenzentrierte Psychiatrie
Authors: Gebhardt Stefan
Published: May 2020

Damit psychisch erkrankte Personen nicht in ein Versorgungssystem gepresst werden, das nicht ihren Bedürfnissen entspricht, ist es wichtig, ihre Lebenswelt in der Therapie zu berücksichtigen. Verschiedene Konzepte helfen Ergotherapeuten dabei, die individuellen Anliegen ihrer Klienten ins Zentrum der Intervention zu rücken.
Auf die Mischung kommt es an – Bewerber filtern
Authors: Freitag-Herse Barbara
Published: May 2020

Bei der Besetzung einer Stelle achten Arbeitgeber auf einiges: vollständige Unterlagen, ein gelungener Probetag und Berufserfahrung. Und sympathisch soll der neue Mitarbeiter sein – oder ist das gar nicht so wichtig? Bei der Wahl eines neuen Arbeitnehmers sollten Sie nicht nur auf Ihr Bauchgefühl hören.
Aus der Ferne coachen – Elternberatung im Netz
Authors: Raß Lisa
Published: May 2020

Die Warteliste für Therapieplätze ist lang, die Zeit für Elternberatung kurz und Kinder mit Bedarf bekommen keine Verordnung. Ergotherapeutin Elke Kumar wollte sich damit nicht abfinden und ging neue Wege. Sie entwickelte einen Online-Kurs, um Eltern von Vorschulkindern zu unterstützen. Ihre ersten Erfahrungen sind gut.
Meine ersten Corona-Wochen in der Praxis – Ergotherapie im Ausnahmezustand
Authors: Merklein de Freitas Claudia
Published: May 2020

Das Coronavirus stellt uns vor nie dagewesene Herausforderungen. Gut, dass Ergotherapeuten von Berufs wegen dazu ausgebildet sind, Alltagsprobleme zu lösen. Erfahrungen einer Praxisinhaberin.
BLACK HIP-A CASE OF OCHRONOTIC ARTHROPATHY
Authors: Mathias Lawrence J. , Mathias Michelle , Shetty Padma , Rai Ravindranath
Published: May 2020

alkaptonuria an autosomal recessive disorder in which a deficiency of homogentessic acid oxidase results in the accumulation of homogentessic acid which is deposited in connective tissues notably in the intervertebal disc,articular cartilage and tendons leading to their early degeneration.Here we describe a case of ochronotic arthropathy
MICROFILARIA IN PERICARDIAL EFFUSION COEXISTING WITH SPINDLE CELL THYMOMA-A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Permi Harish S , N. Samaga B , K. Subramanyam , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , S. Teerthanath , Baikunje Vidya , Ninan Kurian
Published: May 2020

Lymphatic filariasis is common in tropical countries and is endemic in South India. Filariasis presenting with pericardial effusion is rare, coexisting with spindle cell thymoma is still very rare. We report a case of a 53-year-old male who was admitted to cardiac intensive care unit with severe breathless since two days. Cardiac Echocardiogram showed massive pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and large anterior mediastinal mass. Pericardial fluid aspiration drained 1.5 litres of hemorrhagic fluid. Cytology examination revealed microfilaria of Wutchereria bancrofti. FNAC and trucut biopsy from anterior mediastinal mass showed features of spindle cell thymoma. He was treated with diethyl carbamazine thrice daily for one month. He refused for excision of thymoma. This case report is a rare coexistence of microfilaria in pericardial effusion with spindle cell thymoma. We stress the need to consider filariasis as differential diagnosis in the evaluation of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion especially in endemic areas.
ELLIS VAN CREVELD SYNDROME WITH PARTIAL ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL DEFECT, PERSISTENT LEFT SUPERIOR VENA CAVA, DUAL CORONARY SINUS OSTIAE - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Mundayat , Kamath Manjunath , Patla Krishna Prasad , Subramanyam Kodangala
Published: May 2020

Ellis van Creveld syndrome (EVCS) is a congenital defect with skeletal and cardiac anomalies. We have operated on a 30 year old female with EVCS having single atrium, severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, bilateral superior venacavae, double coronary sinus ostiae .Anterior Mitral cleft repair, a tricuspid annuloplasty, rerouting of left superior venacava and septal patching were done. She made a smooth recovery
ORAL AND CRANIOFACIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED ADULT UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP AND PALATE INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Ravi M. S.
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate anomaly being the common congenital defect having significant effects on the facial morphology, function and growth and development of the individual, requires a detailed study of the Dental and craniofacial characteristics.

Design and setting: The study is conducted in a hospital set up and the subjects were selected at random as per the inclusion criterion. Objectiveof study was to evaluate the craniofacial and Dental morphology in untreated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) individuals.

Materials and Methods: A total of 64 individuals in the age group of 15-28 yrs were selected and grouped in to two groups; Cleft group consisting of 13 males and 19 females having untreated UCLP and another group of 16 male and 16female non cleft individuals. Study cast, lateral cephalogram and frontal cephalogram analysis were carried out .The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA to compare the values between the groups.

Result: Significant differences in cranio- facial characteristics were noted between the cleft and non cleft individuals. These differences were more pronounced in sagittal plane and less in transverse plane.

Conclusion: Significant differences exist in the cranio- facial morphology between the untreated UCLP individuals and non cleft individuals.
ANCIENT SCHWANNOMA OF THE CHEST WALL DIAGNOSED BY FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY- A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Bhat Shubha P. , Permi Harish S. , Shetty Rohan , Shenoy Jayaram , Prasad Kishan , Hegde Panna
Published: May 2020

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Ancient schwannoma is an uncommon variant of schwannoma, which is usually located in the retroperitoneum. Those located in the chest wall are extremely rare. We report a case of ancient schwannoma in a 34 yr old male who presented with left sided chest pain, found to have a mass lesion in the chest wall radiologically. CT guided fine needle aspiration cytology showed features of ancient schwannoma which was confirmed on histopathology. Cytological findings in correlation with long standing nature and well defined borders on radiological examination of the lesion will aid in the preoperative diagnosis and proper management.
INTEROCCLUSAL RECORDS IN PROSTHODONTIC REHABILITATIONS - MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES - A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: D. Krishna Prasad , Prasad B. Rajendra , D. Anupama Prasad , Mehra Divya
Published: May 2020

To achieve a successful prosthesis it is important to achieve harmony between the maxillomandibular relationship and anatomy of patient. This relationship is not simple opening or closing, but a complex relationship which exists in 3 dimensions. Variations may occur in any direction – vertical, anteroposterior, or mediolateral. Thus, it is essential to record this relationship with the least possible error to obtain a successful prosthesis. However when relating the maxillary and mandibular dental casts, the ultimate accuracy depends on accuracy and dimensional stability of the material and the technique used to record the maxillomandibular relationship.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE AND ATTITUDE OF USE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS AMONG ADOLESCENT BOYS
Authors: Fernandes Sarita , S. Suchithra B.
Published: May 2020

A simple descriptive design was adopted for the study to assess the attitude among the adolescent regarding tobacco consumption. The sample consisted of 100 adolascents boys, Convenient sampling method was used to select the samples. The data collection for the study was done by using demographic performa, questionnaire and rating scales. The analysis of the data was based according to the objectives and hypothesis. The results showed that- Majority of the consumers 57 (57%) were between the age group of 16-19 years of age , 39 (39%) were have secondary education, Attitude of adolescent boys towards tobacco consumption is negative (32%). There was no association between attitude and demographic variable like age, education and economic status etc (p<0.05).

Smoking of cigarettes , particularly of “beedies” (which consist of about 0.2 to 0.3g of tobacco rolled up in the leaf of another plant (tambourine) has been widespread for many decades among men in India. There have, however, been no substantial studies on the prevalence of tobacco use among youth in India. The tobacco prevalence among girls is alarming. The results of survey show the need to increase awareness about health hazards of tobacco use among students.
Time between Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypopharynx and Larynx Cancer: Are Longer Delays Associated with Higher Discrepancy between Clinical and Pathological Staging?
Authors: Santos Mariline , Monteiro Eurico
Published: May 2020

Introduction At the time of diagnosis, treatment strategies for cancer are largely based upon clinical staging. However, discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging has been reported.

Objective To assess the rate of staging discrepancy in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LHSCC), the potential influence of higher interval of time from diagnosis to primary surgical treatment, and whether this has any impact on survival outcomes.

Methods Retrospective study of patients with LHSCC proposed for primary surgical treatment.

Results The study population included 125 Caucasian patients with LHSCC. The level of agreement between clinical and pathological tumor staging was moderate (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.400; p < 0.001) and similar result was found for node staging (Cohen’ Kappa: 0.520; p < 0.001). The mean time between diagnosis and surgical treatment was 26.66 days and no statistically significant influence was found with staging discrepancy. The sample presented a 5-year Overall Survival (OS) of 58.2% and a Disease-specific survival (DSS) of 72.6%. No statistically significant impact of staging discrepancy on survival was found.

Conclusion For advanced LHSCC, based on the findings of physical examination, endoscopy and imaging, is possible to achieve a moderate accuracy between clinical and pathological staging which allows a reliable counselling and treatment planning. Interval of time under 3–4 weeks between diagnosis and surgical treatment does not influence the rate of discrepancy. However, almost 30% of staging discrepancy is expected due to false negatives of imaging and limitations of physical exams.
Management of Acute Variceal Bleed by Esophageal Variceal Ligation in an Unconventional Position—An Urban-Center Insight
Authors: Jalihal Umesh , Shivalingaiah Prithvipriyadarshini , Bale Abhijith
Published: May 2020

Background Acute variceal bleed is a fatal complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, and it is important to achieve hemostasis at the earliest. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a preferred modality in controlling variceal bleed. The blood pool in esophagus and oozing of blood from varices cause hindrance for variceal ligation leading to failure of therapy. In sitting position, it is hoped that visualization of esophagus may be better. With this background, EVL of patients in sitting position was done and results were analyzed.

Methods Cirrhotics presenting with hematemesis and/or melena were included in the study. Clinical and endoscopic parameters were assessed. Among them, patients having hypotension and hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. Initial endoscopic assessment was done in left lateral position. In case of obscured visualization of esophagus due to flooding, if time taken to achieve hemostasis > 5 minutes, position was changed to sitting from left lateral decubitus. Patients with isolated gastric variceal and ulcer bleed were further excluded.

Results Among 78 acute bleed patients selected, 41fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study. During endoscopy, in 20 patients, EVL was done in left lateral decubitus position with head end elevation. Twenty-one patients were shifted from conventional left lateral position to sitting posture. Study revealed that patients undergoing EVL in sitting position had better visibility aiding the procedure and no aspiration during the procedure. There was no difference in the left lateral with head raised or without it. Duration of EVL was comparable to that of nonbleeders and additional sclerotherapy was not required in any case in both the groups. Following the procedure, patients were observed for 5 days. There was no failure of therapy which was analyzed according to Baveno VI consensus. However, there was delayed complication in one case due to sepsis and metabolic acidosis causing death.

Conclusion This study suggests, in acute variceal bleed cases, EVL in sitting position aids in better visibility and helps in achieving hemostasis early with least complications.
Neurosurgical Emergencies at a Tertiary Referral Center in a Sub-Saharan African Country
Authors: Alihonou Thierry , Quenum Kisito , Padonou Adébola , Amossou François , Dossou Francis
Published: May 2020

Background The practice of neurosurgery in a teaching hospital requires modern diagnostic tools and a rigorous organization of care.

Objectives To present and discuss the management of neurosurgical emergencies in a teaching hospital in poor and low-income country.

Patients and Methods This is a retrospective and descriptive study from April 2015 to March 2017 and includes traumatic and nontraumatic neurosurgical emergencies. Epidemiological, diagnostic, operative, and outcome data were evaluated.

Results During the study period, 397 cases of neurosurgery were admitted. One hundred seventy-five of them were emergencies (43%), including 168 (96%) of traumatic origin. The average age was 32.5 years (1–80 years) with a male predominance: 149 men for 26 women, the sex ratio was 6.68. The cause of the neurotraumatological emergency was mostly road accidents with 143 cases (85.1%). The trauma was brain injury in 155 patients (92.3%) and spine injury in 13 patients (7.7%). In 64.3% of cases, diagnostic imaging was done beyond 48 hours. Surgery time was more than 48 hours when it was performed (21 cases). Outcome was good for 19 patients. Overall and postoperative mortality were, respectively, 34.5% (58 cases) and 9.5% (2 cases).

Conclusion Neurosurgical emergencies care at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Ouémé–Plateau has become a common activity with encouraging operating results despite difficult practice conditions.
Implant Alignment and Patient Factors Affecting the Short-Term Patient-Reported Clinical Outcomes after Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yamagami Ryota , Inui HIroshi , Taketomi Shuji , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Takagi Kentaro , Kage Tomofumi , Sameshima Shin , Tanaka Sakae
Published: May 2020

This study aims at clarifying implant alignment and other patient factors' influence on clinical outcomes, particularly on patient-reported outcomes (PRO), following Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (OUKA). A total of 142 patients after OUKA were divided into two groups according to the validated Japanese version of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) for each subscale of pain, symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL) at postoperative year 1 and 2: group 1 had ≥80 scores and group 2 had <80 scores. Postoperative clinical and radiographical findings were then compared among groups in each subscale. Using postoperative year 1 and 2 data, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to clarify factors for clinical outcomes' improvement. In the analysis of KOOS subscale of symptoms at postoperative year 1, gender distribution, preoperative body mass index, and postoperative maximum knee flexion angles differed significantly among groups. In the analysis for KOOS subscale of ADL, significant differences were observed in postoperative tibial component varus angles. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that all of these parameters significantly related to ≥80 KOOS scores of each subscale at postoperative year 1. Additionally, at postoperative year 2, larger postoperative knee flexion angles and tibial component varus angles related to ≥80 KOOS subscale of symptoms and ADL were observed. In conclusion, tibial component's larger varus alignment was associated with the better PRO at both 1 and 2 years after OUKA. Importantly, larger postoperative knee flexion angle helped achieve good short-term PRO after OUKA.
Principals or puppets? Analysing variation in local political parties’ social policy positions
Authors: Broekema H. B. , Fenger H. J. M. , Van der Waal J.
Published: May 2020

The decentralisation of policy responsibilities from the national to the local level in the domain of social policies is meant to facilitate a better fit to local conditions, and, consequently, inspire local variation in social policy positions. This article examines two questions: (1) to what extent do Dutch local party branches’ social policy positions deviate from their national mother party and local peer parties and (2) do local conditions explain this deviation? To answer these questions, we developed a dataset including 168 local party manifestos from 27 strategically selected municipalities and 8 national party manifestos. Our analyses show limited deviation in local parties’ positions compared to their national mother party and other local branches of their national mother party. This suggests that the social policies addressed in the party manifestos of local parties seem to reflect a process of institutional isomorphism. Furthermore, the limited deviation that does exist in local parties’ social policy positions is not convincingly larger in municipalities (1) that are smaller, (2) that have higher social benefit dependency, or (3) that have high vote shares for local independent challengers. This is contrary to what can be expected based on the contingency theory.
Electroplated Fe-Co films prepared in citric-acid-based plating baths with saccharin and sodium lauryl sulfate
Authors: Yanai T. , Mieda K. , Kaji J. , Tanaka R. , Yamashita A. , Morimura T. , Nakano M. , Fukunaga H.
Published: May 2020

We electroplated Fe-Co films in a citric-acid-based plating bath with saccharin and sodium lauryl sulfate and evaluated the magnetic properties of the films. The Fe content in the film can be readily controlled by the change in the ratio of the Fe reagent and the Co one, and the Fe content could be obtained from 10 to 90 at.% in our experimental conditions. The change in the saturation magnetization over the Fe content of the film almost agreed with the expected change from the Slater-Pauling curve. The coercivity decreased with increasing the Fe content. From the structural analysis, we found that the grain size reduced with increasing the Fe content, and the grain refinement effect works effectively to reduce the coercivity.
Dipole-induced modulation of effective work function of metal gate in junctionless FETs
Authors: Wang Xinhe , Zhang Zhigang , Tang Jianshi , Gao Bin , Sun Wen , Xu Feng , Wu Huaqiang , Qian He
Published: May 2020

In this work, a metal gate with a high effective work function (Weff) that is suitable for junctionless field-effect transistors (JLFETs) has been fabricated. Weff is modulated by inserting an Al interfacial layer with different thicknesses between the HfO2 dielectric layer and the Pt gate metal. Transmission electron microscopy together with capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement is used to investigate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. It is suggested that the oxygen scavenging from HfO2 by the Al layer leads to the formation of interface dipoles, which effectively modulate Weff. By varying the Al layer thickness, it is found that Weff first increases and then decreases as the Al thickness increases above ∼2.5 nm, and the largest increase in Weff is about 0.56 eV. Based on these results, our work provides a useful method using interface dipoles to adjust Weff to the desired value for JLFETs, which is otherwise difficult to achieve using a single metal.
Element-selectively tracking ultrafast demagnetization process in Co/Pt multilayer thin films by the resonant magneto-optical Kerr effect
Authors: Yamamoto Kohei , Moussaoui Souliman El , Hirata Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Susumu , Kubota Yuya , Owada Shigeki , Yabashi Makina , Seki Takeshi , Takanashi Koki , Matsuda Iwao , Wadati Hiroki
Published: May 2020

We examined the photo-induced dynamics of ferromagnetic Co/Pt thin films exhibiting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by means of the resonant polar magneto-optical Kerr effect with element specificity. The investigation was conducted at Pt N6,7 and Co M2,3 edges using an x-ray free electron laser. The obtained results showed a clear element dependence of photo-induced demagnetization time scales: τdemag.Co=80±60 fs and τdemag.Pt=640±140 fs. This dependence is explained by the induced moment of the Pt atom by current flow from the Co layer through the interfaces. The observed magnetization dynamics can be attributed to the characteristics of photo-induced Co/Pt thin film phenomena including all-optical switching.
Mean force kinetic theory applied to self-diffusion in supercritical Lennard-Jones fluids
Authors: Scheiner Brett , Baalrud Scott D.
Published: May 2020

A new kinetic-theory-based calculation of the self-diffusion coefficient for dense supercritical Lennard-Jones fluids is presented. The mean force kinetic theory, which was recently developed for transport in dense plasmas, is applied for the calculation of diffusion in dense neutral fluids. The calculation only requires the pair distribution function, a quantity that is readily calculable from equilibrium statistical mechanics for many systems, including the Lennard-Jones fluid. The self-diffusion coefficients are compared with calculations from molecular dynamics simulations, and good agreement at high density is demonstrated, even in the vicinity of the solid–fluid coexistence line. A comparison of different kinetic models with molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that the transport coefficients have important contributions due to particle interaction via a potential of mean force and local correlations, which increase the collision rate. The new calculations compare well to those from free-volume theory and overcome a limitation of this theory that prevents its use in systems that interact via long range monotonic potentials. It is expected that this approach will also apply to other systems, including neutral-plasma and neutral-electrolyte mixtures.
Spin–orbit-torque magnonics
Authors: Demidov V. E. , Urazhdin S. , Anane A. , Cros V. , Demokritov S. O.
Published: May 2020

The field of magnonics, which utilizes propagating spin waves for nanoscale transmission and processing of information, has been significantly advanced by the advent of the spin–orbit torque. The latter phenomenon allows one to overcome two main drawbacks of magnonic devices—low energy efficiency of the conversion of electrical signals into spin-wave signals and fast spatial decay of spin waves in thin-film waveguiding structures. At first glance, the excitation and amplification of spin waves by spin–orbit torques seem to be straightforward. Recent research indicates, however, that the lack of the mode selectivity in the interaction of spin currents with dynamic magnetic modes and the onset of dynamic nonlinear phenomena represent significant obstacles. Here, we discuss the possible route to overcoming these limitations, based on the suppression of nonlinear spin-wave interactions in magnetic systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We show that this approach enables efficient excitation of coherent magnetization dynamics and propagating spin waves in extended spatial regions and is expected to enable practical implementation of complete compensation of spin-wave propagation losses.
An atomic physics perspective on the kilogram’s new definition
Authors: Ketterle Wolfgang , Jamison Alan O.
Published: May 2020

A fixed value for Planck’s constant connects the kilogram to frequency measurements.
Tying celestial mechanics to Earth’s ice ages
Authors: Maslin Mark
Published: May 2020

Gradual falls and sharp rises in temperature for millions of years have profoundly affected living conditions on the planet and, consequently, our own evolution.
Hearing faces and seeing accents?
Authors: Yu Chen-Wei Felix
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the McGurk effect displayed by native Mandarin Speakers is examined in the light of reaction time
(RT) and response types. Two within-subject factors, FACE and ACCENT, and one between-subject factor, English Proficiency, were
incorporated in the experiment. The results showed that FACE and ACCENT, but not English Proficiency, had effects on the participants’ RT and response types.
When a foreign ACCENT was dubbed onto a familiar FACE, the RT was the longest, and the McGurk effect was most likely to be found. Other kinds of McGurk stimuli composition did not receive different RT but induced different response types. When the FACE was
foreign, regardless of the ACCENT, the participants tended to respond with perceptive illusion. The author concluded that the
expectations of the perceiver influenced the use of multisensory integration and thus the longer RT and the appearance of the McGurk effect.
Have the social classes of yesterday vanished from Africanist issues or are African societies made up of new classes? A French anthropologist’s perspective
Authors: Copans Jean
Published: May 2020

The concept of social class and how it relates to the African context was theorised in France during the 1960s and 1970s in Africanist sociology and anthropology. The author summarises the major contributions of these works as well as providing his own analysis. He concludes that the variety of empirical data and the abrupt shifts in societal evolution of the continent over the past century have unfortunately dictated a speculative and quasi-experimental use of the concept of class in much of the literature. He also comments on the interventions on class that were published in ROAPE and its blog, Roape.net, in recent years.
Molecular basis of MKLP2-dependent Aurora B transport from chromatin to the anaphase central spindle
Authors: Serena Michela , Bastos Ricardo Nunes , Elliott Paul R. , Barr Francis A.
Published: May 2020

The Aurora B chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) is a conserved regulator of mitosis. Its functions require localization first to the chromosome arms and then centromeres in mitosis and subsequently the central spindle in anaphase. Here, we analyze the requirements for core CPC subunits, survivin and INCENP, and the mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKLP2) in targeting to these distinct localizations. Centromere recruitment of the CPC requires interaction of survivin with histone H3 phosphorylated at threonine 3, and we provide a complete structure of this assembly. Furthermore, we show that the INCENP RRKKRR-motif is required for both centromeric localization of the CPC in metaphase and MKLP2-dependent transport in anaphase. MKLP2 and DNA bind competitively to this motif, and INCENP T59 phosphorylation acts as a switch preventing MKLP2 binding in metaphase. In anaphase, CPC binding promotes the microtubule-dependent ATPase activity of MKLP2. These results explain how centromere targeting of the CPC in mitosis is coupled to its movement to the central spindle in anaphase.
A Framework for Pragmatic Reliability
Authors: Davis Isaac
Published: May 2020

I propose a framework for pragmatic reliability in-the-limit criteria, extending the epistemic reliability framework. I identify some common scientific contexts that complicate the application or interpretation of epistemic reliability criteria, drawing heavily from economics for illustrative examples. I then propose an extension of the standard framework, where inquiry is constrained by both epistemic and nonepistemic factors. This provides analogous notions of pragmatic underdetermination and pragmatic reliability with respect to a particular goal, as well as a principled method for extracting solvable problems from unsolvable ones.
Generation of quantum coherence in two-qubit cavity system: qubit-dipole coupling and decoherence effects
Authors: Mohamed A-B A , Hessian H A , Eleuch H
Published: May 2020

The intrinsic decoherence effect for two qubits interacting with a coherent field, under the dipole-dipole interaction and two-photon resonance, is analytically described. We investigate numerically the population inversion and the quantum coherence. The results show that the generated mixture entropy and the entanglement negativity, can be enhanced and protected by the dipole-dipole interaction and by reducing the initial coherent field intensity. In particular, we find that, the collapses and revivals of the population inversion present high sensitivity to these physical parameters. The nonlinearity of the two-photon processes leads to a generation of a strong two-qubit entanglement. This generated entanglement depends on the initial coherent field intensity, the dipole-dipole interaction and the intrinsic decoherence.
Coulomb blocking of sequential tunnel ionization in complex systems
Authors: Bart G , Schubert I , Parks A M , Corkum P B , Brabec T
Published: May 2020

When atoms and molecules are exposed to intense low frequency laser fields, the dominant response is sequential tunnel ionization of charge states with increasing ionization potential. Sequential ionization is assumed to proceed as separate one electron processes. The theoretical analysis developed here reveals that in complex systems sequential tunnel ionization can be inhibited by Coulomb blocking. When ionization potentials of subsequent charge states are close to each other, multiple tunneling events can occur during a half cycle and in close proximity, so that a tunneled electron can block the next tunneling electron. In sub-nm clusters driven by near infrared single-cycle pulses, Coulomb blocking reduces two-electron sequential tunneling by up to 2-3 orders of magnitude.