bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Political and Economic Origins of the Roman Revolution
Authors: Lapyrenok Roman
Published: July 2021

The paper considers some economic and legal aspects of the struggle for the public land in Late Republican Rome. This period is one of the most controversial in ancient history; it brought many significant changes to the socio-economic and political life of Rome and contributed much to its transformation from Republic to Principate. Nevertheless, there is no special paper examining the competition between the Romans and Italians for the ager publicus populi Romani which started with the agrarian reform of Tiberius Gracchus in modern historiography. The first episode ended after the enactment in 111 B.C. of the lex agraria, when a large amount of public land was brought into private hands by its Roman possessors. A further part of the ager publicus populi Romani was still public and remained in hands of the socii. The logic of historical process, the economic changes of the second century B.C. which led Rome from Republic to Principate, demanded the formation of a new class of landowners. The latter would be the basis of the political system of the Roman Empire instead of the nobilitas; its political power would be based on private ownership of land. This was impossible without the full privatization of public land, and it is logical that the struggle for the ager publicus populi Romani was not ended in 111 B.C. Only after privatization of that land, which was possessed by the allies, the agrarian question in Rome could be fully resolved. The latter problem is of crucial importance for the further history of Rome, because it not only caused the Social War but also radically changed both the social structure and the political balance within Roman society during the last decades of the Republic.
Economic Globalization: New Insights into the Problem of Periodization
Authors: Loktionov Vadim , Loktionova Elena
Published: July 2021

According to the well-known statement of T. Friedman, the world has become flat: the development of technologies, transport and international institutions has created a single economic, political and cultural space in which all countries play a significant role. However, since the emergence of the idea of a flat world, it has become clear that globalization continues to change the world. The growing complexity of economic, social and technological processes leads to a change in the dominant strategies of company management and the emergence of new business models. A rethinking of the globalization at different stages of its historical development in the context of the ongoing changes will help to understand the current trends of this process.
The article studies the subject-matter of the economic globalization process and the main stages of its development. Based on the historical and economic analysis, the authors' approach to the periodization of the economic globalization process is offered. The current socio-economic trends that are determining the future features of economic globalization are revealed. It is concluded that one of the most important criteria for making managerial decisions is the criterion of social responsibility.
To the Question of Determining the Budget-Forming Industry
Authors: Kolbyagina Lyudmila , Kireenko Anna
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the identification of the criterion, that allows to determine which industry can be referred to as a budget-forming one at the regional level. The empirical base of the study was formed by the data of Russian Federal State Statistics Service about the structure of gross regional product and by the data from the Federal Tax Service about the structure of tax revenues of the regional consolidated budgets by the type of the economic activity in 2017. The grouping of regions by the types of the economic activity is carried out using the standard method of multifactorial ranking. The structure of the gross regional product is revealed to be significantly different from the structure of the tax revenues of the regional budgets. It is proposed to define an industry as the budget-forming one if tax revenues from it form at least 15 % of the consolidated budget of the region. The application of this criterion shows that «Manufacturing» is the budget-forming industry in most of the regions. The offered criterion can be used to adjust the tax control directions and analyze the indicators of tax crime, it can help assess the consequences of tax legislation changes for the regional budgets.
Birth Rate in the Irkutsk Region and in Russia: Index Analysis
Authors: Rogacheva Olga
Published: July 2021

One of the main problems of the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region nowadays is demographic. The population is decreasing due to natural and migratory population decline. An increase in the birth rate of the population can lead to a change in the situation. The article emphasizes the contribution of natural growth to the total population growth of the Irkutsk region since the beginning of the third millennium; the dynamics of the birth rate for the same period is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the birth rate in the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region for the period from 2000 to 2020 is carried out. The annual growth rates of the birth rate and the average dynamics highlighted some discrepancies of the birth rate trend in the Irkutsk region. To assess the impact of factors on the dynamics of the birth rate, an index model based on the indicators of the Russian Federation is suggested. The considered factors are the fertility rate (fecundity) of women, the structural indicators of the number of women and the average population.
“One Belt, One Road”: Northern Ambitions of China or the “Ice Silk Road”
Authors: Kichigina Irina
Published: July 2021

China's activities relating to the proclaimed One Belt, One Road Initiative continue, and today China is doing a lot to develop the Northern direction of this main transport route. Traditionally, the development of the Northern Sea Route has always been in the hands of Russia, but today, China is investing colossal resources in the implementation of the idea it suggested. Getting transport priorities right will not only help shorten the distance and time of cargos delivery but is also an opportunity for China to reinforce its positions in science, research and technology. Moreover, China is taking efforts to search for areas of reasonable investment, which will allow it to optimize the North-East transport direction as part of the "Ice Silk Road" in the future. In 2018, the "White Book", "China's Arctic Policy" based on China's participation in the development of the Arctic and then the "Blue Book" were published, as the result of its scientific research in the North and the Arctic. In these books, China’s strategy and position as of a new “Northern” power is described. On the basis of the approved priority directions of its development, China sets specific tasks and completes them in the shortest possible time, which creates additional risks for Russia as the time frame of implementing projects as well as the multilateral agreements of China do not fully conform to Russia's position. Thus, since 2013, new vessels suitable for operation in the difficult conditions of the North have been built and launched together with the COSCO Shipping Group. As a result of the intensified activities of China in the North, the transport load has increased both on the Russian shipping companies of the Northern Sea Route and on the infrastructure of the ports, whereas investment implementation rate of the projects of their reconstruction remains low. As a consequence, China offers to participate in the modernization of a number of ports on the Ice Silk Road as well as in the collaborative exploration of the North.
On Long-Term Development of Tourism in Olkhonsky District and Rationale for Increasing Its Attractiveness among Chinese Tourists
Authors: Chalikova-Uhanova Maria , Balashova Maria , Troshkin Matvey , Balashova Anastasiia
Published: July 2021

In the modern world, tourism is the most dynamic sectors of the national economy. The value and impact of tourism are important not only on a country level but also on global level. Both developed and developing countries show positive developments in this sector. Countries try to stop being donor countries and become countries that attract tourists. Right now Russia is not a country that exports tourist services, so an amount of tourist departures exceeds the amount of tourist arrivals. One of the solutions to the problem can be developing and implementing tourism development policy in Olkhonsky District, Irkutsk oblast that will be focused on attracting Chinese tourists. The choice of an area is based on the fact that Irkutsk oblast takes third place in terms of the amount of incoming foreign tourists in Russia and it also has great capacity for further development because of unique Lake Baikal. The focus on Chinese tourists is determined by several facts: Russian travel agencies primarily attract tourists from China; Chinese tourists spend a high amount of money during their travel; Irkutsk oblast is of a particular interest to most of Chinese tourists.
Current Account Deficit and Automotive Sector Nexus in Turkey: An Input-Output Analysis
Authors: ERKÖK Banu
Published: July 2021

The automotive sector plays a significant role in the Turkish economy in creating relatively high added value and employment and accelerating the country's global trade share. The sector is so substantial that it has become the leader in Turkish exports in the last decade. There are plenty of papers in the literature regarding the automotive sector and economic growth nexus and implementing various methods. Still, hardly any studies focus merely on the current account deficits the sector generates, incorporating an input-output analysis. This paper examines the automotive sector and current account deficit nexus through input-output analysis. The results highlight that the automotive sector is highly dependent on imports.
Marka Değerinin Finansal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde Reklam Harcamalarının Aracı Rolü
Authors: CİCİ Emine Nihan , ŞEKEROĞLU Gamze
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, marka değerinin finansal performans üzerindeki etkisinde reklam harcamalarının aracı rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Brand Finance tarafından 2013-2018 yılları arasında açıklanan Türkiye’nin en değerli ve en güçlü 100 markası içinde sürekli olarak yer alan ve aynı zamanda Borsa İstanbul 100 Endeksi’nde kesintisiz olarak işlem gören firmalar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, firmaların yıllık marka değerleri, finansal performansın göstergelerinden olan satıştaki değişim ve kârlılıktaki değişim tutarları ile reklam harcamalarıdır. Analizler AMOS.21 programı kullanılarak, yapısal eşitlik modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, marka değerinin finansal performans değişkeninin göstergelerinden biri olan satışlardaki değişim üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiş, ayrıca bunun üzerinde reklam harcamalarının aracılık etkisinin bulunduğu da belirlenmiştir. Ancak marka değerinin finansal performans göstergelerinden kârlılıktaki değişimi açıklamada anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
İslâmi Hisse Senetlerinde Momentum ve Zıtlık Anomalilerinin Araştırılması: Türkiye’den Ampirik Kanıtlar
Authors: ÖZKAN Oktay , ÇAKAR Recep
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki İslâmi hisse senetlerinde momentum ve zıtlık anomalilerini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaç için, Türkiye’deki 10 İslâmi hisse senedinin haftalık fiyatları kullanılarak doğal bootstrap otomatik varyans rasyo testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları Türkiye’deki İslâmi hisse senetlerinde hem momentum hem de zıtlık anomalilerinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca zıtlık anomalinin Türk İslâmi hisse senetlerinde momentum anomalisinden daha fazla görüldüğü ve hem momentum hem de zıtlık stratejilerinin performansının periyodik değişiklikler gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Son olarak, AKSUE, ALBRK, BIMAS, KONYA için zıtlık stratejisi, BANVT, CEMTS, LOGO için momentum stratejisi ve ISDMR için her iki strateji kullanılarak anormal getirilerin elde edilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Flypaper Effect: “Reality” or “Myth”? Evidence from Turkey
Authors: YÜKSEL Cihan
Published: July 2021

Several empirical observations in the local government economics literature point out that the effect of an increase in intergovernmental transfers on local public expenditures is more than that of increased personal income. This situation is called the “flypaper effect.” This study aims to reveal the relevant literature and to test the flypaper effect for Turkey. In this context, using panel data techniques, the flypaper effect is evidenced at the provincial level in Turkey from 2008-2017. At the same time, our findings indicate that grants have a stimulatory effect in Turkey.
Measuring chlorophylls and carotenoids in plant tissue v1
Authors: Girard Alizée , Ayotte Jocelyne , Laliberté Etienne
Published: July 2021

Here we describe the standardised protocol used by the Canadian Airborne Biodiversity Observatory (CABO) to measure chlorophylls and carotenoids in leaf samples, using a plate reader.
Amplicon sequencing on the MinION platform v3
Authors: Matsuo Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2021

Amplicon sequencing on the MinION platform
The Need and Desire for Inclusive Universities: A Perspective from Development Studies
Authors: Thompson Stephen
Published: July 2021

In recent times there has been sustained momentum to address inequalities within university faculties and improve the diversity of students. Also, in response to historical and current social injustices, universities have sought to decolonize curricula. These progressive movements have had particular significance for departments focused on development studies and related subjects because the need to be inclusive is not only the right thing to do from a moral position, but also because to be exclusive is fundamentally challenging to the conceptualization and philosophy of the discipline. Development is a contested term but addressing inequality and working towards social justice are common themes found across most definitions. This commentary provides a critical insight into the importance of inclusive universities as gatekeepers to equitable knowledge production and the development of future professionals. To play their part in addressing the challenges posed by a globalized world, universities need to be proactive in ensuring that they become fully and meaningfully inclusive. While all university departments would benefit from becoming more inclusive, departments focused on development must be the pioneers leading the way, as inclusivity is relevant to the delivery of development studies, as well as emerging as an important discourse within the discipline that continues to evolve. This commentary will explore how and why in an increasingly interconnected global society, the need for universities to leave no one behind, and challenge hegemonic and unequal structures has never been greater.
Diversity is not the Enemy: Promoting Encounters between University Students and Newcomers
Authors: Bartz Janieta , Kleina Wibke
Published: July 2021

In today’s globalized world with dynamic processes of political, social, and societal change (Mergner et al., 2019) the university should be a place of encounter between people with different (cultural) backgrounds. The learning arrangement presented here therefore initiates intercultural exchange and aims to help students see diversity as an asset rather than a challenge (Roos, 2019). To this end, an intercultural project was initiated at TU Dortmund in Germany in 2017. In the context of different learning environments future teachers were invited to have encounters with young newcomers through a nearly completely self‐managed learning arrangement. The students were prepared for the encounters in focused courses dealing with theoretical backgrounds and didactic concepts. They would then prepare the lessons with the newcomers. In the context of this learning arrangement the following questions were important: What did the university students expect with regard to the encounter with newcomer students from schools? How did they prepare the lessons? What did students and newcomers think about the encounters later? What have they learned? And what do these reflections mean for inclusive and intercultural teacher education at universities? In the project we could observe that the didactic approach supports the students’ level of sensitivity towards differences and encourages future teachers to train the education of newcomers in a non‐judgmental framework (Bartz & Bartz, 2018). Based on a selection of qualitative empirical findings (ethnographic approach during six lessons in a period of two years and 147 interviews including the students’ and newcomers’ points of view about their learning encounters at TU Dortmund), this article discusses opportunities to create more innovative spaces for inclusive practices and cultures under the restricted terms of a mass university.
University Applicants from Refugee Backgrounds and the Intention to Drop Out from Pre‐Study Programs: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Grüttner Michael , Schröder Stefanie , Berg Jana
Published: July 2021

The mixed‐methods project WeGe investigates key factors for refugees’ integration into pre‐study programs and conditions for successful transitions to higher education institutions (HEIs). In this article, we first examine the dropout intentions of international students and refugee students participating in formal pre‐study programs at German HEIs to disclose both barriers and resources. We use insights from migration research to extend theoretical student dropout models and analyse novel data from a quantitative survey with international and refugee students in pre‐study programs. Our findings show that refugee students intend to drop out from pre‐study programs more often than other international students. This difference disappears when other characteristics are controlled for. Effect decomposition shows that financial problems and perceived exclusion are driving dropout intentions of refugee students, whereas German language use in everyday life and a strong connection to the prospective field of study function as a resource and reduce the dropout risk. Depending on the reference group, deficits or resources of refugee students become apparent. This result suggests that refugees should be addressed as a student group in their own right. As a second step, we analyse qualitative expert interviews to reconstruct the staff’s perspectives on barriers and resources of refugee students to analyse how the driving factors of dropout intentions are represented in their knowledge. In particular, we show if and how this knowledge is used to address refugees and to develop inclusive educational concepts within pre‐study programs.
The Segmentation of the Academic Labour Market and Gender, Field, and Institutional Inequalities
Authors: Vohlídalová Marta
Published: July 2021

Using data from a 2017 survey of Czech academics this article examines the casualisation of working conditions in the Czech academic labour market (ALM) and explores gender, sectoral, and institutional inequalities through the lens of the theory of labour market segmentation. A hierarchical cluster analysis reveals three segments in the Czech ALM: core (40%), periphery (28%), and semi‐periphery (32%), which roughly align with work positions in the early, middle, and senior stages of an academic career. In the semi‐periphery gender is found to be a key factor in in determining working conditions, while in the periphery working conditions are most affected by the type of institution. In the core, gender differences are mainly reflected in the gender wage gap. The effects of casualisation on working conditions are found to be more pronounced in STEM fields than in the social sciences and humanities across the ALM, but wages are generally higher in STEM fields.
Applicability of Organizational Performance Indicators
Authors: Fekete Eszter
Published: July 2021

Today’s changing environmental challenges and accelerating technological advances over the past decade have presented companies with new challenges. There is an increasing emphasis on human resources, which can give companies a real competitive edge. At the same time, the focus is on the development of HR systems and their connection to other systems that determine how companies operate. Individual performance evaluation, in close connection with other HR functions, nowadays, in addition to evaluation, which may have a development or remuneration function, is linked to the performance of the organization. Accurately defining the latter and developing its measurement methodology, though not primarily as an HR function in most cases, is essential in the pursuit of effective operation. It is worth defining the indicators that may apply to a particular organizational unit and, at a higher level, to the whole company. The definition, implementation and measurement of indices and KPIs presupposes that the specified qualitative and quantitative indicators provide an appropriate framework for the evaluation of real performance. The performance of individuals determines the performance of an organizational unit, which in aggregate also predicts corporate-level performance.
The Impact of Training on Banks Employee Performance
Authors: Abu Daqar Mohannad , Constantinovits Milán György
Published: July 2021

The main aim of conducting this research work is to explore the impact of Training on Employees Performance in the banking industry in Palestine. The Data for this study were collected from the permanent staff working in banks in Palestine through a questionnaire designed to achieve the objectives of this study as the main instrument to gather the primary data; 10 banks have been selected for this purpose. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between Training Material and Employee Performance, and also a significant relationship between Training Delivery and Employee Performance, while the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between (Training Design and Training Content) and Employee Performance. The researcher recommended banks to focus on giving useful and easy to read and see the material, handouts, and activities in training. Moreover, Banks should consider focusing on training that best helps employees in applying and learning various types of knowledge and skills, providing clear instructions for all activates, and providing trainings with reasonable time duration.
Stepper Motor Control System for XY Module for IC Production
Authors: Shibalkina Elena , Szabó István
Published: July 2021

The presented in the paper control system of the stepper motor of the two-coordinate printing module is developed on the basis of modern elements and allows you to control the stepper motor, providing the required shaft rotation speed and adjusting the number of rotation steps. This system realizes the processing of a moving object in several coordinates simultaneously without kinematic elements that convert rotary motion into linear, which makes it possible to speed up the time and accuracy of the processing tool. A forked optical sensor is used as workpiece position sensors. UART and USB bus are used for communication with the computer.
"JEWISH MILITIA" AS THE THIRD SIDE BETWEEN UKRAINIAN AND POLISH ARMED FORCES DURING THE BATTLE FOR LEMBERG OF NOVEMBER 1-21, 1918
Authors: Stetsyshyn O.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the activities of the militia created by the Jewish community of Lviv on November 1, 1918 after the proclamation of the independent Ukrainian state in this city. The aim of the militia, initiated by supporters of the Zionist movement, was to protect the Jewish community in Lviv from possible pogroms. Particular attention is paid to the military-political situation in Lviv in November 1918 and in the Eastern European region in general, which had a decisive influence on the establishment of the Jewish militia. Emphasised is also placed on the positive attitude of the Jewish community to the armed conflict between the army of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic and Polish formations who denied the right of Ukrainians to their independent nation-state and who expressed their claims to Western Ukraine. It is emphasized that de jure declaring its neutrality in this conflict, the de facto Jewish militia were forced to take a direct part in this confrontation. This Jewish militia formation controlled a very large part of Lviv's quarters, which was objectively beneficial for both participants in the Ukrainian-Polish conflict. Militioners patrolled the streets, fought crime, and ensured public order. The article describes in detail the three groups that existed at that time in the Lviv Jewish community – Zionists, Orthodox and assimilators, and the main differences in their policies. In particular, in relation to other nations that lived in the western Ukrainian region – Ukrainians and Poles. Special emphasis is placed on the positive attitude of a large part of Lviv Jews to the Ukrainian government and the negative reaction to this commitment of chauvinistic Polish politicians and soldiers, who did not hide their anti-Semitism and demanded from Jews non-alternative loyalty to Poland. It is noted that the more favorable attitude of Lviv Jews to the Ukrainian authorities was the cause of the terrible Jewish pogrom committed by Polish forces after the Ukrainian army left Lviv on November 22, 1918.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN AND CHINA-UZBEKISTAN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS (2013-2020): A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Mengkewuliji Mengkewuliji
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the development of trade and economic relations between China and Kazakhstan, and China and Uzbekistan since the introduction of the "One Belt – One Road" initiative in 2013 until the economic slowdown in 2020. The author also compares the different ways in which China–Kazakhstan and China–Uzbekistan trade and economic relations were developed.
The research reveals a significant role of the "One Belt – One Road" initiative in the rapid growth of bilateral cooperation between China and Kazakhstan, and China and Uzbekistan in the spheres of trade, infrastructure development, finance and energy. Kazakhstan and China put the emphasis on infrastructure development and trade, including the manufactured products. Uzbekistan and China focused on trade in energy resources. China's investment in both Central Asian countries grew equally, however Kazakhstan received more Chinese loans than Uzbekistan. China provided loans to both countries only on condition of their cooperation with Chinese companies operating in Central Asia.
New transit routes were built within the framework of the "One Belt – One Road" initiative. China, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan implemented joint highways projects such as the Kabul and Trans-Caspian corridors. While China and Kazakhstan developed continental infrastructure projects such as "Western China-Western Europe", China and Uzbekistan focused more on local programs such as the construction of the Kamchik tunnel.
Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan pursued different energy policies toward China. Kazakhstan was developing equal cooperation with China and Russia in energy sphere. Uzbekistan tried to pursue a policy of energy independence, and when it failed, it began to work more closely with China. Other significant differences between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan included their positions regarding the financial structures of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. During discussion of the SCO Development Bank project, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan supported Chinese and Russian projects respectively.
English antiques in the historiographical tradition
Authors: Prysiazhniuk Oleksii
Published: July 2021

The history of English antiquarianism is particular importance in the study of the process of formation of national identity and the preservation of national heritage. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the corpus of historiographical works on the problems of history and historiography of English antiques, to define the role of the Society of Antiquaries of London in the formation of British identity and patriotism. Scientific tasks of the article are to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the historiographic works on the problems of the origin and formation of the English tradition of antiquity and antiquities, to outline the main stages of the formation of the oldest society of antiques.
The novelty and degree of development follows from the fact that today in Ukrainian historical science there are no generalizing works on the history and historiography of English antiquaries and the London Society of Antiquaries. However, there is a corpus of historiographical works on the individual components of this complex problem.
The antiquarian classes of the eighteenth century cannot be dismissed as unconvincing dilettantism, detached from modern life, or confronting the spirit of the Enlightenment. Antiquarianism was of great importance, both in practical and cultural life in Britain. It embodied the nostalgia of years past for those who feared the coming changes, but equally it could serve as an illustration of the past, demonstrating the progress of the present and the unquestionable superiority of the modern century over the backwardness of past times. At the same time, antiquaries made a clear contribution to the formation of British identity and famous English patriotism. Their merits in the field of culture and the arts are also difficult to overestimate: they contributed to the development of the printing business, the art of book design, and infected their enthusiasm with artists, painters, engravers who, through them, became passionate fans of the medieval past of Britain.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: to the issue of diagnosis and patient management (with a case report)
Authors: Shova N. I. , Alekseeva D. V. , Mikhailov V. A.
Published: July 2021

Establishing misdiagnosis “epilepsy” is a common event comprising 25% total cases of “pharmacoresistant” forms. Eventually, the majority of cases resulted in diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, or functional seizures, conversion seizures, and dissociative seizures. Here we review publications assessing psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. The scientific resources for analysis were selected in Russian (eLibrary) and international (Pubmed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar) databases, as well as in open access resources. We also present a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with epilepsy. In particular, the patient was admitted to the hospital with complains of paroxysmal conditions starting as headache, nausea proceeding with speech arrest and decreased mindfulness of what happens in personal life. He also informed about at least two episodes of disorientation described as “missed public transport stop” and “finding himself in unfamiliar place”. The patient underwent examination (electroencephalography, brain magnetic resonance imaging) and dynamic follow-up to verify origin of such conditions. As a result, he was diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Administering proper therapy allowed to achieve stabilized condition and arrest seizures. The criteria provided in the review as well as clinical case report may help clinical practitioners to timely conduct differential diagnostics and deliver specialized medical aid.
UÇAK ÇEVRİM SÜRESİNİN COVID-19 ÖNCESİ ve SONRASI SİMÜLASYON ANALİZİ
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet , Ateş Savaş S.
Published: July 2021

Havaalanları hava tarafı ile kara tarafı arasında bağlantı sağlayan önemli alt yapılarından biridir. Havaalanlarında birçok havayolu işletmesi genellikle yer hizmetleri şirketleri vasıtasıyla yer operasyonunu gerçekleştirmektedir. Gerçekleştirdikleri bu operasyon bazen uçak çevrim süresi zamanı (turnaround time) içinde yapılmaktadır. Uçak çevrim süresi bir uçağın park pozisyonuna park ettikten sonra bir sonraki seferin yer operasyonu için gerekli olan minimum zamandır. Bu çalışmada bir havayolu şirketinin yer operasyonu arena simülasyon programı yardımıyla covid-19 öncesi ve covid-19 sonrası olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ilgili havayolu şirketi merkez üs (hub) olarak kullandığı havalimanında dar gövdeli bir uçak için belirdiği süreler baz alındığında hem covid-19 öncesi hem de covid-19 sonrası başarılı olduğu görülmektedir.
Wheel flat detection and severity classification using deep learning techniques
Authors: Sresakoolchai J , Kaewunruen S
Published: July 2021

Wheel flats are one of the most common types of defect found in railway systems. Wheel flats can result in decreasing passenger comfort and noise if they are slight, or serious incidents such as derailment if they are severe. With the increasing demand for railway transport, the speed
and weight of rolling stock tend to increase, which results in relatively rapid deterioration. The occurrence of wheel flats is also affected by this increasing demand. To perform preventative maintenance for wheel flats, to keep wheelsets in a proper condition and to minimise maintenance
costs, the ability to detect and classify wheel flats is required. This study aims to apply deep learning techniques to detect wheel flats and classify wheel flat severity. The deep learning techniques used in the study are a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN)
and a recurrent neural network (RNN). 1608 samples, simulated using D-Track, a dynamic behaviour simulation software package, are used to develop machine learning models. Three different aspects of the models are evaluated, namely overall accuracy, the ability to detect wheel flats and the
ability to classify wheel flat severity. The results from the study show the DNN has the highest overall accuracy of 96%. In addition, the DNN can be used to detect wheel flats with nearly 100% accuracy. The CNN performs better than the RNN in terms of overall accuracy and wheel flat detection.
However, the RNN performs better than the CNN in wheel flat severity classification. Overall, the DNN offers the best approach for detecting wheel flats and classifying their severity.
Detection and evaluation of rolling stock wheelset defects using acoustic emission
Authors: Giannouli E , Papaelias M , Amini A , Huang Z , Junior V L Jantara , Kerkyras S , Krusuansombat P , Marquez F P Garcia , Vallely P
Published: July 2021

Acoustic emission (AE) can be employed for the early fault detection of rolling stock wheelset components. Research has been carried out on the development of a remote condition monitoring (RCM) technology for monitoring online rolling stock wheelset defects. Railway axle bearings and
wheels are critical components that can develop faults at any time when in service. AE is a reliable passive RCM technique that can be employed for the quantitative evaluation of the structural integrity of rolling stock wheelsets. The emphasis of this study is placed on the results obtained
from experimental work performed under laboratory and field testing conditions. Several laboratory tests were carried out using different axle bearing defects. In addition, a customised online RCM system installed on the Chiltern Rail Line, adjacent to a hot box axle detector, was used for
comparison purposes. Using this, AE signal analysis was carried out in order to detect potential rolling stock faults. Defect type evaluation and quantification can also be achieved, leading to effective diagnosis of the structural rolling stock integrity of rolling stock wheels and axle bearings.
Improving the robustness of DI and PVI further using fast guided filter on radiographic images
Authors: Dang Changying , Li Jiansu , Zeng Zhiqiang , Du Wenhua , Wang Rijun
Published: July 2021

To further improve the robustness of the weld defect index (DI) and peak-valley index (PVI), which are key indices for detecting weld defects in radiographic testing (RT) images accurately and reliably, a robust improvement method is proposed, in which a fast guided filter (Fast-GF)
is introduced and its effect on the DI and PVI is analysed. In this paper, the principle of the proposed robust improvement method, the related theory of Fast-GF, the definition and the calculational method of the DI and PVI are systematically analysed. Taking some practical RT images from
industrial welding as an example, smoothing experiments with different filters and comparative computational experiments for the DI and PVI both with and without Fast-GF are carried out. The experimental results show that the robustness of the DI and PVI is further improved by the proposed
robust improvement method, which is a desirable outcome. More specifically, the values of the DI and PVI are computed accurately and reliably regardless of some non-uniform distribution of grey levels, noise, irregular surfaces and artefacts in the RT images.
Identifying Direct SP-Converted Waves Constrains Local Induced Earthquake Depths
Authors: Nolte Keith A. , Tsoflias George P.
Published: July 2021

Seismicity in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma in the past decade has been associated with fluid injections. In southcentral Kansas, the Wellington earthquake catalog is primarily composed of local, low-magnitude events. Approximately 22% of recorded earthquakes over a 2.5 yr period exhibit a seismic phase arriving between the direct P phase and direct S phase with particle motion similar to the P wave. This intermediate phase was identified as an S to P conversion (SP phase) occurring in the sedimentary rocks instead of the hypothesized basement to sedimentary section transition. We exploit the SP-converted phases to improve the depth accuracy of shallow earthquakes and to constrain VP/VS. The revised depth calculations further confirm that these local induced earthquakes are occurring in the shallow crystalline basement, below the sedimentary section in which fluids are injected.
Volcanic Tremor Extraction and Earthquake Detection Using Music Information Retrieval Algorithms
Authors: Zali Zahra , Ohrnberger Matthias , Scherbaum Frank , Cotton Fabrice , Eibl Eva P. S.
Published: July 2021

Volcanic tremor signals are usually observed before or during volcanic eruptions and must be monitored to evaluate the volcanic activity. A challenge in studying seismic signals of volcanic origin is the coexistence of transient signal swarms and long-lasting volcanic tremor signals. Separating transient events from volcanic tremors can, therefore, contribute to improving upon our understanding of the underlying physical processes. Exploiting the idea of harmonic–percussive separation in musical signal processing, we develop a method to extract the harmonic volcanic tremor signals and to detect transient events from seismic recordings. Based on the similarity properties of spectrogram frames in the time–frequency domain, we decompose the signal into two separate spectrograms representing repeating (harmonic) and nonrepeating (transient) patterns, which correspond to volcanic tremor signals and earthquake signals, respectively.

We reconstruct the harmonic tremor signal in the time domain from the complex spectrogram of the repeating pattern by only considering the phase components for the frequency range in which the tremor amplitude spectrum is significantly contributing to the energy of the signal. The reconstructed signal is, therefore, clean tremor signal without transient events.

Furthermore, we derive a characteristic function suitable for the detection of transient events (e.g., earthquakes) by integrating amplitudes of the nonrepeating spectrogram over frequency at each time frame. Considering transient events like earthquakes, 78% of the events are detected for signal-to-noise ratio = 0.1 in our semisynthetic tests. In addition, we compared the number of detected earthquakes using our method for one month of continuous data recorded during the Holuhraun 2014–2015 eruption in Iceland with the bulletin presented in Ágústsdóttir et al. (2019). Our single station event detection algorithm identified 84% of the bulletin events. Moreover, we detected a total of 12,619 events, which is more than twice the number of the bulletin events.
Inferring Critical Slip-Weakening Distance from Near-Fault Accelerogram of the 2014 Mw 6.2 Ludian Earthquake
Authors: Chen Xiang , Yang Hongfeng , Jin Mingpei
Published: July 2021

To better assess potential earthquake hazards requires a better understanding of fault friction and rupture dynamics. Critical slip-weakening distance (Dc) as one of the key friction parameters, however, is hard to determine on natural faults. For strike-slip earthquakes, we may directly estimate the Dc from Dc″—the double near-fault ground displacement at the time of the peak velocity (Fukuyama and Mikumo, 2007). Yet near-fault observations are very few, and, thus, there were only limited earthquakes with such Dc″ estimation. In 2014, an Mw 6.2 strike-slip event—the Ludian earthquake—occurred in southwest China. The strong-motion station (LLT) that is ∼0.45  km from the fault recorded the earthquake and enabled us to estimate Dc″ from the accelerograms. We inspect the polarity of the accelerometers and compare the integrated velocities with waveforms of nearby broadband stations. We also analyze the particle motion at the LLT station and retrieve the earthquake initiation at the intersection of the conjugated faults. We then apply the baseline correction to the seismograms, recover the ground velocities and displacements, and obtain the value of Dc″=0.1  m at the station. The recovered final displacements are compared with the predicted ground displacements of a finite-fault model. The discrepancy of fault-parallel displacements might imply limited underestimation of Dc″, and the estimated upper limit is 0.3 m. Comparison between the Dc″ and final slip on the fault patch follows the scaling of previous larger earthquakes. Analysis of the near-fault accelerometer data enhances our understanding on the earthquake source of the Ludian earthquake. This case extends the lower magnitude boundary of the Dc″ values obtained from natural faults and opens a window into the friction property in the seismically active region.
Clinical patterns and causes of post-cholecystectomy syndrome
Authors: Muhammad Muhammed Ihsan , Alhassan Abdullah Hasem , Alkhars Abdulmohsen Yaseer , Alzahrani Rayan Abdulkhaliq , Mansour Mohammed Hamad Al , Alghamdi Fares Hamoud , Almarri Mohammad Saleh , Ghzoi Fatimah Ali , Alwadai Rakan Hamad , Aljarallah Mohannad Yousef , Saihb Abdullah Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is suspected when the patients complain about the persistent presence of pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Other symptoms might appear which are related to the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms appear after performing cholecystectomy. The manifestations are usually similar to those experienced before the procedure. In this study, the aim to conduct a literature review to increase the knowledge and to explore facts related to the clinical patterns and causes of post-cholecystectomy syndrome. The most commonly reported cause of this syndrome is the prior development of an extra-biliary disorder, which includes many modalities as peptic ulcer, reflux esophagitis, chronic pancreatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and biliary-related disorders. However, the etiology of postcholecystectomy is hugely variable across the different studies in the literature. Patients that develop postcholecystectomy syndrome usually present with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms that may or may not be similar to the symptoms that were exhibited before conducting the surgery. Some of the common physiological changes that have been reported with postcholecystectomy syndrome include the disruption of cholecysto-antral reflex, the cholecystosphincter of oddi reflex, and the cholecysto-esophageal related reflexes. In addition, the development of other changes that can significantly affect the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract leads to the development of significant symptoms and clinical patterns.
Microbiological etiology and management approach of febrile neutropenia
Authors: Alshaer Omar Rezk , Binobaid Abdullah Obaid , Alharthi Yousef Hussain , Alrashdi Abdulaziz Ashwa , Alrashed Muath Saleh , Alluhayyan Fahad Barikan , Alghasham Khuzama Abdullah , Alqifari Abdulrahman Abdullah , Alkhamis Riam Saleh , Alhajji Maryiah Abdulaziz , Almutairi Noura Talal
Published: July 2021

Many etiologies have been proposed to predispose neutropenic fever, and infections have been reported in less than one-third of the reported cases. However, etiologies might have a significant impact on the prognostic, and can even lead to mortality. In this literature review, the aim to discuss the different microbiological etiologies of neutropenic fever, and the management approaches of such conditions, including the proper assessment and evaluation of patients. Additionally, the goal of this literature review to discuss the appropriate treatment and prophylaxis measures based on the assessment results. Many bacterial pathogens could be isolated from patients suffering from neutropenic fever, including both the gram-positive and negative organisms, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, actinobacteria spp, in addition to many other bacteria such as staph. Nevertheless, Aureus was commonly isolated from the infected patients, and it has been reported with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Assessment of the severity of the condition and identification of the microbiological activity can significantly lead to enhance management of the infected patients. Detailed information about the etiology and management are provided within the main text of this study. Further efforts are needed to increase awareness related to the hazards of the inadequate and incomplete assessments of patients with neutropenic fever, which might lead to delayed or inadequate management and worsened prognosis.
Comparative evaluation of oil pulling agents for reduction of plaque induced gingivitis: A clinico-microbiological study
Authors: Vilas Bhalerao Pallavi , Kale Triveni , Lendhey Shruti , Seth Tejashvi , Bhalerao Prasanna
Published: July 2021

: Oil pulling is an ancient natural healing practice originated in India mentioned in Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita in ayurveda texts. The act of swishing oil draws out microbes from various parts of the mouth and detoxifies toxins. Thus oil pulling helps to reduce the severity of plaque induced gingivitis. Coconut oil and sesame oil, are naturally occurring product have been credited with antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory biologic activity. These are cost effective, with no side effects. Hence, we aimed Comparative evaluation of different oil pulling agents as an adjunct to full mouth scaling and root planing in plaque induced gingivitis

: To evaluate efficacy of oil pulling with coconut oil compared to sesame oil as an adjunct to SRP in subjects with plaque induced gingivitis.

: A total of forty patients with plaque induced gingivitis was randomly divided into two groups, Group A: oil pulling with coconut oil as an adjunct to SRP, Group B: oil pulling with sesame oil as an adjunct to SRP. Following initial SRP, oil pulling was performed for 15 days. Clinical measurements included plaque index, gingival index, and simplified oral hygiene index at baseline, 7 day, 15 day, 1 month and 3 month. Microbial analysis was done with MIC using agar well diffusion method.

There was significant reduction in plaque and gingival scores from baseline to 3 month in both the groups.

Oil pulling with coconut and sesame oil serves as promising antimicrobial agent to treat plaque induced gingivitis. Hence this holds chance to be added to other oral hygiene measures.