bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of the air permeability of two-layer woven structure ensembles
Authors: Kyosov Miroslav , Angelova Radostina A , Stankov Peter
Published: December 2015

This study aims at investigating air permeability in the transversal direction of pairs of woven textiles. Three samples of woven macrostructures with different characteristics are selected for the numerical investigation of 16 two-layer ensembles. Computational fluid dynamics (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations) is used for modeling the air permeability, applying the theory of jet-systems: the flow through each of the layers in the ensemble is modeled as an “in-corridor” ordered jet-system. The influence of the order of arrangement of the layers in the ensemble is analyzed, indicating higher air permeability of the ensemble when a tighter structure is placed as a first layer. The effect of the distance between the two woven macrostructures is also analyzed, showing a strong influence on the flow development as well as on the extrema of flow velocities, especially in the drop of the flow velocity in the air gap between the two layers. The analysis made and the results obtained show that the method can be applied for further investigation of ensembles of textile layers.
The Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool
Authors: Khost Peter H.
Published: December 2015

Most higher education institutions lack a program that promotes students’ transfer—that is, reapplication or repurposing—of writing skills and knowledge across the curriculum, a phenomenon that research shows does not tend to happen without deliberate sustained support. This article introduces an online instrument, the Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool, which the author invented to intervene in this area as a supplemental or provisional effort, using freeware to foster and research students’ writing transfer from first-year composition to other courses and potentially beyond. The article reviews relevant scholarship on transfer in writing, describes and illustrates Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool’s design, provides instructions for the tool’s implementation and usage, reviews some results from a pilot study of an application of the tool in an first-year composition curriculum, and discusses related issues requiring further consideration.
The Comparative Efficacy of a Hybrid Guilt-Fear Appeal and a Traditional Fear Appeal to Influence HPV Vaccination Intentions
Authors: Carcioppolo Nick , Li Cong , Chudnovskaya Elena V. , Kharsa Rebecca , Stephan Tyler , Nickel Kelly
Published: December 2015

Recent research on persuasion has explored the utility of incorporating alternative emotional appeals within a fear-appeal framework to achieve persuasive outcomes. The current study contributes to this growing body of research by developing and assessing a hybrid guilt-fear message to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intentions and comparing it to a standard fear appeal. An online experiment among men and women of vaccination age ( N = 407) was conducted. Results detail the paths through which people processed the hybrid and fear appeals differently, and clarify the conditions in which utilizing guilt-based messaging strategies within a fear-appeal framework can facilitate or inhibit persuasive effectiveness. Implications for future research on multiemotion intervention messages are discussed.
The Heterogeneity of Treatment Needs for Justice-Involved Girls
Authors: Walker Sarah Cusworth , Bishop Asia S. , Nurius Paula S. , Logan-Greene Patricia
Published: December 2015

Current efforts to identify the treatment needs of juveniles typically examine girls as a homogeneous group and recommendations for gender-responsive services tend to generalize needs to all girls. Research on within-girl heterogeneity suggests that this approach is shortsighted as treatment needs vary among justice-involved girls; however, little is known about how treatment needs cluster in this population. Consequently, we used latent class analysis to identify treatment needs within a sample of 1,731 female adolescents charged in juvenile court in Washington State. The analysis identified four classes of need representing High Family Conflict and Trauma (20%), Complex Treatment Needs With Antisocial Peers (30%), Low Adverse Experiences With Substance Abuse Needs (38%), and Mental Health Needs With Strong Social Assets (10%). The findings are consistent with other community-based analyses of female treatment needs and distinct from male-oriented treatment recommendations. Implications for policies regarding appropriate services and service capacity for justice-involved girls are discussed.
Robust nonlinear tracking control system design of an uncertain multivariable process driven by a distributed control system device
Authors: Furukawa Kohsuke , Deng Mingcong
Published: December 2015

In this paper, by using a distributed control system (DCS) device, a robust tracking control system is proposed based on robust right coprime factorization for a heat exchanger actuated by a water level process with coupling effects and uncertainties. Firstly, nonlinear models of water level and temperature processes with coupling and uncertainties are given. Secondly, nonlinear feedback tracking control systems corresponding to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) process are realized by using operator-based robust right coprime factorization. Meanwhile, stability of the control systems is guaranteed by using robust stability conditions compatible with the MIMO process including coupling effects, and to improve the output tracking performance, tracking controllers are designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is confirmed by simulation and experimental results.
Adaptive finite-time control for non-linear delay systems via non-fragile state feedback
Authors: Yang Yitao , Hou Linlin , Sun Haibin
Published: December 2015

The problem of adaptive finite-time control is addressed in this paper for a class of non-linear delay systems. First, the concepts of adaptive finite-time stability and adaptive finite-time boundedness are defined, respectively. Then, by resorting to the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional technique, some new delay-dependent criteria guaranteeing adaptive finite-time boundedness and adaptive finite-time stability are developed, respectively. An explicit expression for the desired non-fragile state feedback controller is also presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Disturbance observer based composite speed controller design for PMSM system with mismatched disturbances
Authors: Yi Yang , Sun Xiaokang , Li Xiali , Fan Xiangxiang
Published: December 2015

This paper investigates a novel anti-disturbance speed tracking control problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems with unknown mismatched disturbances. In order to realise the rejection and compensation for load torque, a cascaded PMSM system is constructed by using a coordinate transformation such that the load disturbances become matched with respect to the virtual control input. By combining disturbance observer with proportional-integral feedback control structure, a composite speed controller is proposed on this basis to ensure the PMSM system stability, and convergence of the tracking error of angular velocity to zero. The favourable observation performance for the load torque and its derivative can also be achieved simultaneously. Meanwhile, the [Formula: see text] performance index is used to further optimise the robustness of the PMSM system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulations for the PMSM system with monotonous disturbances and harmonic disturbances respectively.
In-line optical micro-crack detection system for solar wafers
Authors: Mahdavipour Zeinab , Teo Teow Wee , Abdullah Mohd Zaid
Published: December 2015

A new approach incorporating adaptive lighting intensity for micro-crack inspection of solar wafers with variable thickness is proposed. Wafer thickness is measured with a pair of laser displacement sensors and the lighting intensity is adaptively adjusted to normalize near infrared (NIR) transmission based on measured thickness. This technique enables the image contrast be maintained at relatively uniform intensity in response to the variation of the solar wafer thickness. An improved version of Niblack segmentation algorithm is developed for this application. Experimental results demonstrate the competitiveness of the proposed system compared with established techniques, and achieves better performance both visually and quantitatively. Meanwhile, the runtime is consistently less than 1 s, corresponding to a throughput rate of approximately 3600 wafers/h. These results suggest that the methods and procedures are suitable for online processing of solar wafers.
The impact of life skills training on behavior problems in left-behind children in rural China: A pilot study
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Shan , Yan Jin , Lee Elizabeth , Mayes Linda
Published: December 2015

A randomized controlled experimental pilot study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of life skills training on behavior problems in left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. Sixty-eight LBC were recruited from a middle school in rural China. The intervention group took a ten-week-long life skills training course. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) were used to evaluate the behavioral problems of the children at three separate intervals: Prior to the intervention, the first week following the intervention, and three months after the intervention. Children in the intervention group showed significant improvement both in the CBCL and the TRF compared to children in the control group. Significant improvements were found in the CBCL total scores, internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior and seven subscales scores ( p > 0.05). In TRF, similar significant improvements were found, except in internalizing behavior and the subscale of thought problems ( p > 0.05). The effect of intervention remained the same three months after the intervention. As a pilot study, the life skill training was found to be effective in improving behavior problems in the LBC in rural China, with the exception of thought problems.
Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment of Trichotillomania
Authors: Falkenstein Martha J. , Mouton-Odum Suzanne , Mansueto Charles S. , Golomb Ruth Goldfinger , Haaga David A. F.
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to concretize and pilot test comprehensive behavioral (ComB) treatment of trichotillomania (TTM), to facilitate rigorous testing of its efficacy. ComB provides a conceptualization to develop individualized treatment and choose interventions for managing distinct factors that maintain the individual’s hair pulling. It has been used by clinicians for almost three decades, yet was not previously manualized or studied empirically. A manual was drafted and revised based on patient ( N = 16) and therapist feedback, an intervention choice study demonstrated therapists reliably selected model-consistent interventions, and a therapist adherence measure was developed and tested. Uncontrolled preliminary data showed ComB to be highly acceptable, and it led to reduced TTM symptom severity and impairment, with large effects. Quality of life and disability also improved, with effects maintained at follow-up. This study resulted in the development of a manual and measures to be used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of ComB for TTM.
Building the sacred community online: the dual use of the Internet by Chabad
Authors: Golan Oren , Stadler Nurit
Published: December 2015

Religious communities have ongoing concerns about Internet use, as it intensifies the clash between tradition and modernity, a clash often found in traditionally inclined societies. Nevertheless, as websites become more useful and widely accessible, religious and communal stakeholders have continuously worked at building and promoting them. This study focuses on Chabad, a Jewish ultra-Orthodox movement, and follows webmasters of three key websites to uncover how they distribute religious knowledge over the Internet. Through an ethnographic approach that included interviews with over 30 webmasters, discussions with key informants, and observations of the websites themselves, the study uncovered webmaster’s strategies to foster solidarity within their community, on one hand, while also proselytizing their outlook on Judaism, on the other. Hence, the study sheds light on how a fundamentalist society has strengthened its association with new media, thus facilitating negotiation between modernity and religious piety.
Television and modernity: Jacques Derrida and the religion of the media
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: December 2015

This essay looks at the distinctions Jacques Derrida makes in several later works between the three Abrahamic monotheisms in terms of their reaction to or appropriation of tele-technology and the media. At the center of the essay is Derrida’s provocative claim that there is an essential relationship between mediatization, globalization – what Derrida calls globalatinization – and religion and that, since globalization is first and foremost a Christian phenomenon, only Christianity really deserves to go by the name of religion.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with ventricular septal defects
Authors: Fuchigami Tai , Nishioka Masahiko , Akashige Toru , Nabeshima Taisuke , Nagata Nobuhiro
Published: December 2015

The association of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection with ventricular septal defect and aortic coarctation is rare. A premature neonate weighing 1350 g was diagnosed with infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, aortic coarctation, and a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. On postnatal day 23, we performed emergency extended aortic arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest, pulmonary venous connection repair using a primary sutureless technique, and patch closure of the atrial septal and perimembranous ventricular septal defects. The patient was discharged without complications. Postoperative echocardiography showed no residual coarctation or pulmonary venous obstruction and revealed small muscular ventricular septal defects.
Child poverty in the UK: Measures, prevalence and intra-household sharing
Authors: Main Gill , Bradshaw Jonathan
Published: December 2015

There is cross-party agreement on the urgency of addressing child poverty in the UK, but less consensus on how to define and measure it, and understand its causes and effects. The Conservative/Liberal Coalition government’s policy and rhetoric favoured individual explanations for poverty, portraying poor parents as making bad spending decisions, and transmitting their attitudes and behaviours on to their children. This article draws on the 2012 UK Poverty and Social Exclusion survey (PSE2012) to examine how far the realities of life for poor children match these explanations. Analysis covers four strands: the prevalence of child poverty; the demographics of poor children; the experiences of poor children; and how parents in poverty allocate household resources. Little evidence is found to support this ‘culture of poverty’ theory, and parents who are themselves in poverty are found to engage in a range of behaviours suggesting they sacrifice personal necessities to provide for children.
“Blueprinting” and climate change: Regional governance and civic participation in land use and transportation planning
Authors: Niemeier Deb , Grattet Ryken , Beamish Thomas
Published: December 2015

This study investigates the development and performance of an innovative approach to the management of transportation, land use, air quality, housing, and a variety of other regional development issues, called “blueprinting.” Blueprinting refers to a process that brings together planning experts, local political leaders, and ordinary citizens; arms them with current planning ideas about “smart growth” and data visualization tools, to develop long-range regional development plans. As such, blueprinting represents a recent manifestation of regionalist approaches to environmental policy and planning. Focusing on the Sacramento region, an early adopter of blueprint planning, we use archival data and media sources to reconstruct the development of blueprinting and then we turn to an analysis of the performance of the blueprinting approach in relation to three successive planning efforts. We find that despite the promise of blueprinting, very little progress has been made toward actually changing the regional transportation system and land use patterns. The net result of this long-term planning effort aimed at achieving sustainable transportation land use is that total CO2 emissions increase over time at historical rates. We close with a discussion of what this means for regional planning and achieving goals set by California's landmark climate change legislation.
Self-learning through teaching: Singapore's land development policy transfer experience in China
Authors: Chien Shiuhshen , Zhu Xufeng , Chen Tingjia
Published: December 2015

As a rising market, China has attracted many transnational agents seeking to tap new resources and/or do business overseas. These agents include international governmental and non-governmental organizations, multi-national corporations, and foreign states. We propose a theoretical concept of ‘self-learning through teaching’ to empirically examine the process by which the government of Singapore does business via policy transfer in China, specifically in Suzhou and Tianjin. Most of the existing literature argues that Singapore has leveraged its experience of rapid economic growth to teach China how to pursue development. Our findings suggest that, in addition to providing China with the benefit of its experience, the Singaporean government has also self-learned a great deal through interaction with China in terms of the political complexities of conducting transnational business, such as how to improve budgeting control over land development, negotiating local interests, and coordinating central fragmentation.
Reframing water governance praxis: Does reflection on metaphors have a role?
Authors: Ison Ray , Allan Catherine , Collins Kevin
Published: December 2015

Action for adaptation is needed in the face of anthropogenic climate change. The record of adaptation in the field of freshwater governance is poor to date, as it is apparently constrained by operational frameworks. Analyses based on the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor can reveal underlying, often institutionally reified, operational frameworks. We present a desktop metaphor mapping study of one UK and one Australian water management planning document. This mapping demonstrates the potential of metaphor analysis, with further methodological and praxis development, to support the new ways of thinking and acting that are needed to challenge deeply held social and cultural norms of linear, rather than systemic, causality. We suggest that metaphor has the potential to help practitioners expose and examine reified operational frameworks and practices, and to change those that hinder adaptive and systemic praxis.
Energy privatisations, business-politics connections and governance under political Islam
Authors: Özcan Gül Berna , Gündüz Umut
Published: December 2015

The changing connections between business and political Islam under liberalisation can best be studied through an analysis of moral justifications, political connections in business and institutional modifications. Our evidence on energy utility privatisations through a comprehensive analysis of party connections with firm and industry specific data demonstrates that Turkey's Justice and Development Party (AKP) reshaped industry structures to nurture a new breed of politically linked businesses. In order to build a patronage regime in energy markets, the AKP manipulated regulatory institutions, suppressed the media and advocacy groups, and immobilised the judicial process in response to allegations of misconduct. The highly personalised and opaque allocation of assets increased the power of business groups that enjoyed close ties with the prime minister and key party officials. Leading politically connected firms emerged as not only the major beneficiaries but also key supporters of authoritarian politics. Our findings have important implications for the analysis of political Islam, regulatory institutions and the vulnerabilities of energy privatisations in emerging economies.
Shared knowledge and mutual respect: Enhancing culturally competent practice through collaboration with families and communities
Authors: Verdon Sarah , Wong Sandie , McLeod Sharynne
Published: December 2015

Collaboration with families and communities has been identified as one of six overarching principles to speech and language therapists’ (SLTs’) engagement in culturally competent practice (Verdon et al., 2015a). The aim of this study was to describe SLTs’ collaboration with families and communities when engaging in practice to support the speech, language and communication of children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The study also aimed to identify the benefits and tensions related to such collaborations and to describe opportunities for SLTs to enhance their cultural competence through collaborative practice. The current study drew upon three data sources collected during the ‘Embracing Diversity – Creating Equality’ study: field notes, narrative reflections by the researcher, and semi-structured interviews with SLTs. This study was conducted in 14 international sites across five countries (Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Italy and the USA), representing a diverse range of cultural and practice contexts. Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT, Engeström, 1987) was used as both an heuristic framework through which the study was conceptualized and as a tool for analysis to describe the varied nature of collaboration in different cultural contexts, the benefits of collaborating with families and communities, and the tensions that can arise when engaging in collaborative practice. The results illuminate the importance of SLTs’ collaboration with families in order to gain an understanding of different cultural expectations and approaches to family involvement, and to build partnerships with families to work towards common goals. Collaboration with communities was highlighted for its ability to both facilitate understanding of children’s cultural context and build respectful, reciprocal relationships that can act as a bridge to overcome often unspoken or invisible tensions arising in cross-cultural practice. The findings of this study highlight opportunities for professionals to enhance the cultural competence of their practice through engagement with families and communities.
Professional ethics in building collections from oral traces of the past in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ngulube Patrick
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this qualitative case study is to investigate the ethical practices of oral history archivists at the National Archives of Zimbabwe when undertaking oral history interviews. Every aspect of oral history work has an ethical dimension. It is important that archivists identify and become aware of ethical issues most pertinent to them. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the ethical challenges that oral history archivists at the National Archives of Zimbabwe face when carrying out their work. Evidence from the face-to-face interviews and documents revealed that the activities of oral history archivists are not governed by a code of ethics for oral historians and they have limited ethical competence. The oral history professional association has not actively advocated a professional code of ethics. The research findings may help oral history archivists to develop ethical astuteness. Furthermore, the study will contribute to the growing body of literature about the role of archival professionals in shaping recorded social memory through their ethical responsibilities.
From everyday conversation to political action: Talking austerity in online ‘third spaces’
Authors: Graham Todd , Jackson Daniel , Wright Scott
Published: December 2015

Taking forward a new agenda for online political deliberation – the study of everyday political talk in non-political, online ‘third spaces’ – this article examines the dynamics of political talk across three general interest UK-based online forums. The quantitative analysis found that discussions about austerity were just as likely to emerge from non-political discussions as they were ones that began as ‘political’, demonstrating the links people made between everyday experiences and public policy. Our qualitative analysis represents the first real attempt to analyse political actions within third spaces, with some striking outcomes. Over half of all political discussions led to at least one political action (with significant variation between forums). The findings demonstrate that while such third spaces remain concerned with the preoccupations of everyday life, they can and do perform a role of mobilizing agent towards political participation.
Clinical evaluation of emboli removal by integrated versus non-integrated arterial filters in new generation oxygenators
Authors: Jabur Ghazwan NS , Sidhu Karishma , Willcox Timothy W , Mitchell Simon J
Published: December 2015

Objective:

To compare the emboli filtration efficiency of five integrated or non-integrated oxygenator-filter combinations in cardiopulmonary bypass circuits.

Methods:

Fifty-one adult patients underwent surgery using a circuit with an integrated filtration oxygenator or non-integrated oxygenator with a separate 20 µm arterial line filter (Sorin Dideco Avant D903 + Pall AL20 (n=12), Sorin Inspire 6 M + Pall AL20 (n=10), Sorin Inspire 6M F (n=9), Terumo FX25 (n=10), Medtronic Fusion (n=10)). The Emboli Detection and Classification quantifier was used to count emboli upstream and downstream of the primary filter throughout cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary outcome measure was to compare the devices in respect of the median proportion of emboli removed.

Results:

One device (Sorin Inspire 6 M + Pall AL20) exhibited a significantly greater median percentage reduction (96.77%, IQR=95.48 – 98.45) in total emboli counts compared to all other devices tested (p=0.0062 – 0.0002). In comparisons between the other units, they all removed a greater percentage of emboli than one device (Medtronic Fusion), but there were no other significant differences.

Conclusion:

The new generation Sorin Inspire 6 M, with a stand-alone 20 µm arterial filter, appeared most efficient at removing incoming emboli from the circuit. No firm conclusions can be drawn about the relative efficacy of emboli removal by units categorised by class (integrated vs non-integrated); however, the stand-alone 20 µm arterial filter presently sets a contemporary standard against which other configurations of equipment can be judged.
Redressing inequality in South Africa: The spatial targeting of distressed areas
Authors: Rogerson Christian M , Nel Etienne
Published: December 2015

Uneven geographical development is deeply entrenched in South Africa with apartheid era spatial economic disparities persisting to the present day. This paper examines South Africa’s recent re-engagement with spatial economic interventions designed to help address the challenges faced by the country’s ‘lagging regions’ or what are designated as the ‘distressed areas’. Current moves to support such areas through infrastructural, manufacturing and tourism interventions are detailed and critiqued in this paper.
Generalist palliative care in hospital – Cultural and organisational interactions. Results of a mixed-methods study
Authors: Bergenholtz Heidi , Jarlbaek Lene , Hølge-Hazelton Bibi
Published: December 2015

Background:

It can be challenging to provide generalist palliative care in hospitals, owing to difficulties in integrating disease-oriented treatment with palliative care and the influences of cultural and organisational conditions. However, knowledge on the interactions that occur is sparse.

Aim:

To investigate the interactions between organisation and culture as conditions for integrated palliative care in hospital and, if possible, to suggest workable solutions for the provision of generalist palliative care.

Design:

A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was chosen using two independent studies: a quantitative study, in which three independent datasets were triangulated to study the organisation and evaluation of generalist palliative care, and a qualitative, ethnographic study exploring the culture of generalist palliative nursing care in medical departments.

Setting/participants:

A Danish regional hospital with 29 department managements and one hospital management.

Results:

Two overall themes emerged: (1) ‘generalist palliative care as a priority at the hospital’, suggesting contrasting issues regarding prioritisation of palliative care at different organisational levels, and (2) ‘knowledge and use of generalist palliative care clinical guideline’, suggesting that the guideline had not reached all levels of the organisation.

Conclusion:

Contrasting issues in the hospital’s provision of generalist palliative care at different organisational levels seem to hamper the interactions between organisation and culture – interactions that appear to be necessary for the provision of integrated palliative care in the hospital. The implementation of palliative care is also hindered by the main focus being on disease-oriented treatment, which is reflected at all the organisational levels.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity is linked to dilation of juxtacortical perivascular spaces
Authors: van Veluw Susanne J , Biessels Geert Jan , Bouvy Willem H , Spliet Wim GM , Zwanenburg Jaco JM , Luijten Peter R , Macklin Eric A , Rozemuller Annemieke JM , Gurol M Edip , Greenberg Steven M , Viswanathan Anand , Martinez-Ramirez Sergi
Published: December 2015

Perivascular spaces are an emerging marker of small vessel disease. Perivascular spaces in the centrum semiovale have been associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, a direct topographical relationship between dilated perivascular spaces and cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity has not been established. We examined this association using post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging in five cases with evidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology. Juxtacortical perivascular spaces dilation was evaluated on T2 images and related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity in overlying cortical areas on 34 tissue sections stained for Amyloid β. Degree of perivascular spaces dilation was significantly associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–7.9, p = 0.011). Thus, dilated juxtacortical perivascular spaces are a promising neuroimaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity.
Brain hemorrhage after endovascular reperfusion therapy of ischemic stroke: a threshold-finding whole-brain perfusion CT study
Authors: Renú Arturo , Laredo Carlos , Tudela Raúl , Urra Xabier , Lopez-Rueda Antonio , Llull Laura , Oleaga Laura , Amaro Sergio , Chamorro Ángel
Published: December 2015

Endovascular reperfusion therapy is increasingly used for acute ischemic stroke treatment. The occurrence of parenchymal hemorrhage is clinically relevant and increases with reperfusion therapies. Herein we aimed to examine the optimal perfusion CT-derived parameters and the impact of the duration of brain ischemia for the prediction of parenchymal hemorrhage after endovascular therapy. A cohort of 146 consecutive patients with anterior circulation occlusions and treated with endovascular reperfusion therapy was analyzed. Recanalization was assessed at the end of reperfusion treatment, and the rate of parenchymal hemorrhage at follow-up neuroimaging. In regression analyses, cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow performed better than Delay Time maps for the prediction of parenchymal hemorrhage. The most informative thresholds (receiver operating curves) for relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow were values lower than 2.5% of normal brain. In binary regression analyses, the volume of regions with reduced relative cerebral blood volume and/or relative cerebral blood flow was significantly associated with an increased risk of parenchymal hemorrhage, as well as delayed vessel recanalization. These results highlight the relevance of the severity and duration of ischemia as drivers of blood-brain barrier disruption in acute ischemic stroke and support the role of perfusion CT for the prediction of parenchymal hemorrhage.
Institutional Change and Management of Public–Nonprofit Partnerships
Authors: Suárez David F. , Esparza Nicole
Published: December 2015

This article focuses attention on the institutional context of cross-sector collaboration and its effects on partnership management. Drawing on fieldwork and 54 interviews from 2011 to 2013, we investigate an innovative public–nonprofit partnership within a local unit of the National Park Service. The collaboration demonstrates the power and potential of public–nonprofit partnerships while revealing tensions that cross-sector activities can provoke in an organizational field. We focus on two ongoing processes of institutional change in the nonprofit sector that shape these dynamics: (a) managerialism and (b) empowered agency. We illustrate these processes and suggest that they alter the context for partnerships in national parks, particularly with respect to capacity and control. We conclude by offering several propositions about institutional change and the broader implications of a shifting context for public–nonprofit partnerships.
Our Brothers’ Keeper
Authors: Danchev Alex
Published: December 2015

This article considers the practice of witness in the world—witness to the world—in particular the character and temper, nature and purpose, significance and resonance of “moral witness,” a kind of ideal type, as conceived by the philosopher Avishai Margalit. It proposes that the artist plays an important role as a moral witness and that the work of art itself performs the same function, even after the fact—the phenomenon of “postwitness.” In this context, it identifies an ethics of precision or exactitude and adduces a variety of exemplars, ranging from poetry to photography, including Shot at Dawn (2014), a suite of landscape photographs which are also war photographs and memorial photographs, and acts of moral witness, by Chloe Dewe Mathews.
Late-modern Hegemony and the Changing Role of Voluntary Associations in Finland
Authors: Siisiäinen Martti
Published: December 2015

Voluntary associations in Finland have traditionally dominated the field of collective action and been core agents in the (re)production of hegemonic blocs. Major changes in the institution of voluntary association may have a greater impact on the Finnish political regime than in many other countries, so the Finnish case might serve as a laboratory for the analysis of general tendencies of associational development common to all developed democracies. This article addresses (1) the main differences between older and newer types of associations, (2) the challenge posed by the development of a new type of hegemony to the ability of new kinds of associations to create general trust and solidarity between the various actors, (3) who or what needs voluntary associations in the new hegemony, and (4) the unique consequences of changing associations to the Finnish type of polity regime.
Value creation and value capture in the automotive industry: Empirical evidence from Czechia
Authors: Pavlínek Petr , Ženka Jan
Published: December 2015

This article investigates how distinct tiers of firms contribute to value creation and value capture in the automotive industry. We employ firm-level indicators to evaluate the value creation and capture of distinct supplier tiers in the Czech automotive industry, while considering differences between foreign-owned and domestic firms. Our analysis suggests that the economic effects of the automotive industry largely depend on its capital intensity and that mostly foreign-owned higher tier firms generate and capture greater value than lower tier firms, which include the vast majority of domestic suppliers.
The evolution of accessibility surface of China in the high-speed-rail era
Authors: Zhu Yi , Diao Mi , Fu Gang
Published: December 2015

Numerous studies have investigated the accessibility effect of High Speed Rail (HSR) in China based on projected rail travel time across cities. This study aims to contribute to the literature by visualizing the evolution of the accessibility surface (as measured by economic potential) of China in the HSR era based on real travel time by train between station pairs and analyzing HSR’s potential impacts on the spatial disparity of China. We find that the development of HSR has significantly increased the economic potential of Chinese cities. In the meantime, cities with HSR access and cities in the prosperous eastern region benefitted more from the HSR-induced accessibility improvement compared with non-HSR cities and cities in the hinterland. Therefore, instead of contributing to diminishing regional disparity, HSR may lead to greater spatial unevenness in China.
CADASIL: MRI may be normal in the fourth decade of life – a case report
Authors: Samões Raquel , Alves José Eduardo , Taipa Ricardo , Silva João , Melo Pires Manuel , Pereira-Monteiro José Maria
Published: December 2015

Background

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifests by migraine with aura, cerebral ischemic events, mood disturbances and dementia. Brain MRI lesions typically precede the symptoms from 10 to 15 years and previous evidence showed all CADASIL patients above 35 years old have an abnormal MRI, supporting the clinical diagnosis.

Case results

We present a 37-year-old female patient with migraine without aura, a family history of CADASIL, normal brain 3-Tesla MRI and normal skin biopsy, even though a pathogenic NOTCH3 gene mutation (allele 2, exon 11, c.1672 C\gtT, p.Arg558Cys) was detected.

Conclusions

When CADASIL is strongly suspected, a normal brain MRI, even in the fourth decade of life, does not rule out the diagnosis and should not discourage the genetic test.
Involvement of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte gene sets in migraine
Authors: Eising Else , de Leeuw Christiaan , Min Josine L , Anttila Verneri , Verheijen Mark HG , Terwindt Gisela M , Dichgans Martin , Freilinger Tobias , Kubisch Christian ,   on behalf of the International Headache Genetics Consortium, Ferrari Michel D , Smit August B , de Vries Boukje , Palotie Aarno , van den Maagdenberg Arn MJM , Posthuma Danielle
Published: December 2015

Background

Migraine is a common episodic brain disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of severe unilateral headache and additional neurological symptoms. Two main migraine types can be distinguished based on the presence of aura symptoms that can accompany the headache: migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Multiple genetic and environmental factors confer disease susceptibility. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate that migraine susceptibility genes are involved in various pathways, including neurotransmission, which have already been implicated in genetic studies of monogenic familial hemiplegic migraine, a subtype of migraine with aura.

Methods

To further explore the genetic background of migraine, we performed a gene set analysis of migraine GWAS data of 4954 clinic-based patients with migraine, as well as 13,390 controls. Curated sets of synaptic genes and sets of genes predominantly expressed in three glial cell types (astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes) were investigated.

Discussion

Our results show that gene sets containing astrocyte- and oligodendrocyte-related genes are associated with migraine, which is especially true for gene sets involved in protein modification and signal transduction. Observed differences between migraine with aura and migraine without aura indicate that both migraine types, at least in part, seem to have a different genetic background.
Familial limb pain and migraine: 8-year follow-up of four generations
Authors: Angus-Leppan Heather , Guiloff Roberto J
Published: December 2015

Background

Migraine limb pain may be under-recognized in adults and children. There is little information about familial forms of this disorder.

Objectives

To describe the clinical and inheritance patterns of familial migraine limb pain over four generations and to review the evidence for limb pain as a manifestation of migraine.

Methods

Prospective clinical and pedigree analysis with an 8-year follow-up of 27 family members.

Results

Eight members of the family had benign recurrent limb pain associated with headache in a dominant inheritance pattern. Limb pain occurred before, during or after the headache, with probable or definite migraine with aura, migraine without aura and lower-half headache. The limb pain fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for aura in six patients and also occurred without headache in three. Four members of the family had recurrent abdominal pain and/or motion sickness in childhood.

Conclusions

This is the first report of dominant familial limb pain temporally associated with migraine headache, starting in adulthood or starting in childhood and continuing into adulthood. A search for a genetic marker is indicated. Limb pain should be included as a childhood periodic syndrome linked to migraine and recognized as part of the migraine spectrum in adults.
Prevalence and characteristics of migraine in CADASIL
Authors: Guey Stephanie , Mawet Jérôme , Hervé Dominique , Duering Marco , Godin Ophelia , Jouvent Eric , Opherk Christian , Alili Nassira , Dichgans Martin , Chabriat Hugues
Published: December 2015

Background and objective

Migraine with aura (MA) is a major symptom of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). We assessed the spectrum of migraine symptoms and their potential correlates in a large prospective cohort of CADASIL individuals.

Methods

A standardized questionnaire was used in 378 CADASIL patients for assessing headache symptoms, trigger factors, age at first attack, frequency of attacks and associated symptoms. MRI lesions and brain atrophy were quantified.

Results

A total of 54.5% of individuals had a history of migraine, mostly MA in 84% of them; 62.4% of individuals with MA were women and age at onset of MA was lower in women than in men. Atypical aura symptoms were experienced by 59.3% of individuals with MA, and for 19.7% of patients with MA the aura was never accompanied by headache. MA was the inaugural manifestation in 41% of symptomatic patients and an isolated symptom in 12.1% of individuals. Slightly higher MMSE and MDRS scores and lower Rankin score were detected in the MA group.

Conclusion

MA is observed in almost half of all CADASIL patients. Atypical aura symptoms are reported by more than one in two of them. MA is often inaugural, can remain isolated and is not associated with the severity of the disorder.
Prediction of Lateral Ankle Sprains in Football Players Based on Clinical Tests and Body Mass Index
Authors: Gribble Phillip A. , Terada Masafumi , Beard Megan Q. , Kosik Kyle B. , Lepley Adam S. , McCann Ryan S. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Thomas Abbey C.
Published: December 2015

Background:

The lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common injury suffered in sports, especially in football. While suggested in some studies, a predictive role of clinical tests for LAS has not been established.

Purpose:

To determine which clinical tests, focused on potentially modifiable factors of movement patterns and body mass index (BMI), could best demonstrate risk of LAS among high school and collegiate football players.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 539 high school and collegiate football players were evaluated during the preseason with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Functional Movement Screen as well as BMI. Results were compared between players who did and did not suffer an LAS during the season. Logistic regression analyses and calculated odds ratios were used to determine which measures predicted risk of LAS.

Results:

The LAS group performed worse on the SEBT–anterior reaching direction (SEBT-ANT) and had higher BMI as compared with the noninjured group ( P < .001). The strongest prediction models corresponded with the SEBT-ANT.

Conclusion:

Low performance on the SEBT-ANT predicted a risk of LAS in football players. BMI was also significantly higher in football players who sustained an LAS. Identifying clinical tools for successful LAS injury risk prediction will be a critical step toward the creation of effective prevention programs to reduce risk of sustaining an LAS during participation in football.
An investigation of horizontal opening effect on pool fire behavior in a confined compartment: A study based on global equivalence ratio
Authors: Chen Xiao , Lu Shouxiang , Liew Kim Meow
Published: December 2015

This article involves an experimental study of horizontal opening effect on pool fire behavior in a confined compartment. Five pan diameters and six horizontal opening sizes were adopted and measurements included extinction time, mass loss, oxygen concentration, temperature in the compartment and horizontal opening and pressure difference at the top and bottom of compartment. The global equivalence ratio was theoretically simplified under the horizontal opening condition. The global equivalence ratio coupling the horizontal opening and fuel areas was proposed to deal with these measuring parameters obtained. The results show that extinction time presents different variation trends for the burning out and self-extinction modes. Then, the critical global equivalence ratio value can be used to divide the self-extinction and burning out regions based on the mass loss rate and oxygen concentration values. Moreover, the opening size affects the smoke layer interfaces in the compartment, and the maximum and average temperature rises in the vent present first increase and then decrease distribution with an increase in global equivalence ratio. Pressure difference in the compartment decays exponentially as horizontal ventilation increases.
Estimation of species concentrations during a fire in a reduced-scale room
Authors: Lassus Julie , Courty Léo , Garo Jean-Pierre , Studer Etienne , Jourda Paul , Aine Philippe
Published: December 2015

An approach to estimate species production during a compartment fire is proposed. Semi-empirical correlations based on oxygen concentration are given. They give an estimate of the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrocarbons with a carbon chain length lower than five. Three intervals of oxygen concentration are noted, and they correspond to sufficiently ventilated, underventilated, and very underventilated fires. In order to validate these correlations, fire experiments are performed in a reduced-scale room. Species concentrations predicted by the model are in good agreement with our experimental data and with those of the literature. Coefficients used in the correlations are obtained for heptane and dodecane fires.