bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydropower management on the sediment composition and metabolism of a small Alpine lake
Authors: Félix-Faure J. , Ramon M. , Hatté C. , Rimet F. , Gaillard J. , Chanudet V. , Develle A.-L. , Garcia-Orellana J. , Dambrine E.
Published: June 2022

The ecological equilibrium of water reservoirs may differ from that of natural lakes. We questioned this difference by analysing the sediments of a small oligotrophic Alpine lake, whose management was modified for hydroelectric production since 1976. Corne Lake is formed by a shallow depression connected to a deep depression. The hydropower management induced water level fluctuations (+2 m in summer; −8 m in winter) that emptied the shallow depression during the winter months and promoted the erosion of littoral soils and tributary channel sediment and the sedimentation in the deep depression. The sediment of the original lake was a low-density organic mud. The sediment composition varied according to 3 phases, which chronology is debated. During a first phase we measured an increase in the ratio of Diatom/Chrysophycea and bioavailable P, as well as a decrease in the C/N ratio and bulk radiocarbon age of the sediment, suggesting a trophic surge. A second phase was characterised by a high rate of mineral sedimentation, an increase of benthic diatom genera in the deep depression of the lake and acidophilic diatoms in the shallow depression. In the third phase covering the last upper cm of the cores, the sediment tended to return to its initial composition, but the algae community differed from its initial state. We suggest that the management of Alpine lakes as reservoirs induce long-term ecological changes in relation to water level fluctuations and littoral habitats degradation.
Research on an improved fish recognition algorithm based on YOLOX
Authors: Liu Dongcai , Wen Xianhui , Zhou Youling
Published: June 2022

The key to the development of underwater resources is to detect underwater targets quickly and accurately in real time. However, due to the influence of light, the underwater image is easy to be distorted and the contrast is low and so on, which greatly affects the performance of the detection algorithm, In order to improve the detection accuracy of underwater targets, After a detailed analysis of the underwater detection target features, The attention mechanism ECA module was added to the YOLOX model, Real-ESRGAN was used to treat multiple target and fuzzy images in detection images, the accuracy improved about 10 percent, A high-precision target detection algorithm suitable for underwater fish was developed, The ideal detection result was achieved.
Research on motion track error detection and compensation algorithm based on MEMS sensor
Authors: Yu Yudan , Lin Wei , Yu Zhaoyang
Published: June 2022

Due to various errors in actual use, MEMS inertial sensors have large errors in the detection of motion trajectories. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse and model the errors to decrease the impact of error sources on the detection system. This errors mainly include systematic random errors and accumulated errors generated during double integral operation, and different filtering methods are used for different types of errors. For random errors, the wavelet fuzzy threshold method is used to filter the sensor output signal. For the accumulated error, the zero-state adaptive compensation algorithm is used to correct the acceleration and integral velocity. Experiments show that the wavelet threshold denoising algorithm combined with the zero-state adaptive compensation algorithm can enhance the preciseness of the MEMS inertial sensor in object trajectory detection.
Heterogeneous network handover algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles based on categorical fuzzy inference
Authors: Zhou Yongjian , Liu Kun
Published: June 2022

In order to meet the requirements of 5G connected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication, wireless local area network (WLAN) and satellite network are integrated into UAV communication link, and form UAV heterogeneous communication network together with 5G. In order to achieve fast and reliable handover decisions and uninterrupted service, this paper presents a vertical handover (VHO) algorithm based on classification fuzzy reasoning. Here, this paper introduces six parameters of UAV terminal and divides them into two categories for decision-making. The received signal strength (RSS), remaining available bandwidth (RBW), and propagation delay were taken as the key variables, while the network cost, expected dwell time (EDT) and security were taken as the non-key variables. In the handover decision, the pre-screening based on the received signal strength threshold and the stabilization time is firstly carried out, and the classification fuzzy logic system is used to make the next decision on the candidate networks that meet the requirements. Finally, the output of each fuzzy system is weighted according to user requirements to obtain the final judgment index. Through simulations, it has been proved that the algorithm proposed in this paper can accurately make the handover decision according to the user’s requirements, avoid the ping-pong effect, and effectively improve the system performance.
A vehicle positioning algorithm based on vehicle motion state in infrastructure limited scenarios
Authors: Du Derong , Ding Ziyao , Chen Yueqin , Li Jing , Li Long , Zeng Xiaoping
Published: June 2022

Positioning technology is the basis for the application of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The positioning accuracy is generally very low in infrastructure limited scenarios based on satellites or base stations. In this paper, a vehicle positioning algorithm is proposed that combines the information of vehicle historical trajectory and inertial navigation technology. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the positioning accuracy in infrastructure limited scenarios.
Modeling and analysis of opportunistic spectrum access schemes in cognitive cellular networks under imperfect sensing
Authors: Zhang Lei , Duan Lili
Published: June 2022

Cognitive radio (CR) is an exciting technology to solve the spectrum scarcity problem in the future cellular networks. As the grade-of-service (GoS) performances directly reflect the user's experiences in the cognitive cellular networks (CCNs), the GoS performance analysis of the OSA scheme in the CCNs has attracted much attention. In this article, we derive GoS performance metrics with a three-dimension continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) to model the opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) schemes with non-hopping and with hopping in the CCNs under imperfect sensing. Under imperfect sensing, for a given primary user traffic, the range of achievable user equipment (UE) traffic is derived with guarantying the GoS of the UE. Simulations are conducted to verify the validity of the proposed CTMC model and corresponding analysis.
Control technology and development status of flywheel energy storage system
Authors: Jia Yu , Wu Zhenkui , Zhang Jihong , Yang Peihong , Cui Tianxiang
Published: June 2022

Flywheel energy storage technology has attracted more and more attention in the energy storage industry due to its high energy density, fast charge and discharge speed, long service life, clean and pollution-free characteristics. It is wwidely used in uninterruptible power system, grid frequency modulation, energy recovery and reuse and other fields. With the development of flywheel rotor materials, motors, bearings and control technology, flywheel energy storage technology has been greatly developed. Introducing the basic structure of the flywheel energy storage system in the above three applications. Typical charge-discharge control strategies are given for the three sensor-less algorithms of model reference adaptive control, sliding mode observer andextended Kalman filter, which are suitable for flywheel energy storage devices.
Experimental study on the ignition characteristics of leaking RP-3 aviation kerosene on a horizontal hot wall
Authors: Zhu Nannan , Wang Xuehui , Wei Xiaoli , Ding Chao , Wang Jian
Published: June 2022

The accidental ignition of liquid fuels is an industrial safety concern due to the storage and transport of pressurized flammable liquids near components at elevated temperatures. In this work, the ignition process of leaked RP-3 aviation kerosene on the surface of the high temperature heat meter was studied experimentally and the critical temperature of the 50% ignition probability was obtained by the statistical method. The ignition process of fuel on horizontal hot wall was analysed by using the ignition video shot by high-speed camera, and the fuel steam plume model of the minimum hot surface ignition temperature for spilled fuel was established, which provided a theoretical basis for quantitative research on the ignition characteristics of leaking fuel on the hot surface. It shows that the temperature field and spatial concentration distribution produced by oil evaporation are time-varying and helpful for engine room fire protection. This study complements the related content of the fuel ignition mechanism on hot wall, at the same time, and provides fundamental understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the thermal ignition of impinging sprays in different regimes toward the goal of improved industrial safety.
Design of thermal management system for lithium battery at low temperature
Authors: Meng Shuai , Dou Lizhuang , Mu Mingfei
Published: June 2022

The battery capacity of lithium battery will decay at low temperature, and the battery performance will seriously decline at extremely low temperature, and the electrolyte will also freeze. Therefore, lithium batteries need to be preheated at low temperature. This paper selects 22 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery as the research object. The preheating scheme of PTC aluminum plate heating plate for lithium battery was designed by thermal parameter calculation and simulation method. The preheating scheme was optimized by changing the number (2, 3 and 4 pieces) and size (120%, 80% and 60% lithium battery size) of PTC heating plate. The results show that when heating 6 pieces of 22 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery, the preheating effect of 3 pieces of PTC heating plate close to the size of lithium battery is the best.
Die Echotherapie als nichtinvasives Therapieverfahren von Schilddrüsenveränderungen
Authors: Czech Norbert , Hoppe Peter
Published: June 2022

Fokussierter Ultraschall gewinnt durch die Echotherapiebehandlung auch im Einsatz bei Schilddrüsenveränderungen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblicke in den Einsatz der Echotherapie und den Ablauf einer Behandlung sowie die klinischen Erfahrungen und Zukunftsperspektiven. Studien bei der Therapie von gutartigen symptomatischen Schilddrüsenknoten konnten bereits signifikante Volumenreduktionen des krankhaften Gewebes und eine damit verbundene Verbesserung der Symptomatik zeigen. Zudem konnten eine gute Verträglichkeit und ein geringes Risiken- und Nebenwirkungsprofil demonstriert werden.
Digitale Anwendungen in der Planung und Umsetzung von
verhältnisorientierter Gesundheitsförderung und
Prävention in Settings: Ergebnisse eines Scoping Reviews
Authors: Stark Anna Lea , Geukes Cornelia , Albrecht Joanna , Dockweiler Christoph
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel In der Gesundheitsförderung und
Prävention werden vermehrt digitale Anwendungen – vor allem zur
Verhaltensänderung – angewandt und erforscht. Die vorliegende
Studie untersucht Einsatzmöglichkeiten digitaler Anwendungen im Rahmen
verhältnisorientierter Interventionen in Settings.

Methodik Es handelt sich um eine ergänzende Analyse der Ergebnisse
eines Scoping Reviews. In acht wissenschaftlichen Datenbanken wurde zu digitaler
verhältnisorientierter Primärprävention und
Gesundheitsförderung in Settings von 2010–2020 recherchiert.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 34 Artikel eingeschlossen. Digitale Anwendungen
wurden bisher nur marginal zur Strukturveränderung in Settings
eingesetzt. Sie dienen als Tools zum Projektmanagement, zur Vernetzung,
Problemidentifikation, Konsensfindung oder als Beteiligungsverfahren. Dabei wird
auf partizipative Methoden und Projekte sowie Instrumente wie Labeling,
Placement, Prompting, Incentives, Nudges und politische Strategien
zurückgegriffen.

Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf weiterer Evidenz wie digitale Anwendungen zur
Veränderung von Strukturen für gesundheitsfördernde
Settings eingesetzt werden können. Gesundheitswissenschaftliche oder
soziologische Methoden und Theorien können dabei eine tragende Rolle
spielen. Von hoher Relevanz sind die interdisziplinäre und partizipative
Entwicklung sowie Implementierung von gesundheitsfördernden
Technologien.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: June 2022

Osteoporose zählt laut WHO zu den zehn wichtigsten Volkskrankheiten. Diese
begleitet den alternden Menschen schon seit Beginn der Menschheit und führt
ihm die Endlichkeit seines irdischen Daseins vor Augen, zum Beispiel durch
Bewegungsunfähigkeit, Knochenbrüche und Immobilität. Aber
heute ist die Osteoporose kein schicksalhafter Alterungsprozess mehr, den
„man halt so hinnehmen muss“. Eigentlich ist diese Erkrankung sogar
gut therapierbar und im Frühstadium heilbar. Den Stellenwert
knochenrelevanter Mikronährstoffe in der Prävention und Therapie der
Osteoporose stellen wir im aktuellen Beitrag „Osteoporose – die
unterschätzte und untertherapierte Volkskrankheit“ vor.
Nutzung von Krankenkassenroutinedaten zur Bestimmung von
Krankheitshäufigkeiten im Projekt BURDEN 2020
Authors: Schüssel Katrin , Breitkreuz Jan , Brückner Gabriela , Schröder Helmut
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Das Konzept der Krankheitslast erlaubt eine umfassende
Analyse des Gesundheitszustands einer Bevölkerung. Als Kennzahlen werden
verlorene Lebensjahre aufgrund von Mortalität (years of life lost, YLL)
und Morbidität (years lived with disability, YLD) berechnet und im
Summenindikator DALY (disability adjusted life years) zusammengefasst. Diese
Indikatoren liefern eine Planungsgrundlage für Bereiche wie
Prävention, Versorgung oder Bedarfsplanung. In dem vom Innovationsfonds
geförderten Projekt BURDEN 2020 wird erstmals für Deutschland
eine regionalisierte Krankheitslastberechnung in Anlehnung an die internationale
„Global Burden of Disease“-Studie durchgeführt.

Methodik Zur Berechnung der YLD werden Informationen zur
Häufigkeit von Krankheiten und deren Schweregradverteilungen
benötigt. Dabei sind Krankenkassenroutinedaten eine wichtige
Datengrundlage. In Expertentreffen wurden Falldefinitionen für 18
ausgewählte Krankheiten sowie Schweregrade bei 11 der Krankheiten
entwickelt. Auf dieser Basis wurden Krankheitshäufigkeiten vom WIdO
unter Nutzung der Routinedaten der AOK-Versicherten ermittelt. Ein spezifisches
Prävalenzkonzept berücksichtigt die Dynamik der offenen Kohorte
der Versicherten. Die Hochrechnung der Ergebnisse ausgehend von der AOK auf die
Gesamtbevölkerung erfolgte bei den Schweregraden bundesweit nach Alter
und Geschlecht und bei den Krankheitshäufigkeiten zusätzlich
morbiditätsadjustiert und regionalisiert.

Ergebnisse Systematisch wurden für 18 Erkrankungen aus sieben
Krankheitsgruppen (kardiovaskuläre Krankheiten, Diabetes, Krebs,
psychische Störungen, Demenz, COPD und untere Atemwegsinfekte) die
Krankheitshäufigkeiten (Prävalenzen oder Raten) bis auf Ebene
der Bundesländer und Raumordnungsregionen ermittelt.
Schweregradverteilungen liegen bundesweit nach Alter und Geschlecht vor. Die
Ergebnisse und Methodendokumentation sind verfügbar unter
www.krankheitslage-deutschland.de.

Schlussfolgerung Krankenkassenroutinedaten stellen eine wichtige
Datengrundlage im Projekt BURDEN 2020 dar, weil auf Basis der großen
Fallzahlen regionale Kennzahlen und teilweise Schweregrade ermittelt werden
können. Eine umfassende Publikation der Ergebnisse schafft Transparenz
und soll die Nachnutzung in Folgeprojekten ermöglichen. Perspektivisch
scheint es sinnvoll, die Krankheitslastberechnung auf weitere Krankheiten
auszuweiten. Zudem wird der Bedarf nach datenschutzkonformer Verknüpfung
von Krankenkassenroutinedaten mit weiteren Gesundheitsdatenbeständen
steigen.
Zivilisationsproblem Übersäuerung
Authors: Vormann Jürgen
Published: June 2022

Die beim Abbau von Proteinen im Körper entstehenden Säuren
können durch basische Nahrungsbestandteile sowie die Puffersubstanzen im
Blut ausgeglichen werden. Die gegenwärtig übliche
Ernährung geht mit einem Säureüberschuss einher, der
bes. in Verbindung mit der in zunehmendem Alter abnehmenden Nierenfunktion das
Krankheitsrisiko erhöht. Mögliche Folgen einer
Übersäuerung sind chronische Niereninsuffizienz, aus der Gicht
resultieren kann, sowie ein höheres Risiko für Osteoporose und
Diabetes Typ 2. Auch bei der Krebsentstehung wird die Bedeutung eines
Ungleichgewichts im Säure-Basen-Haushalt diskutiert. Eine
erhöhte Säurelast führt im Bindegewebe zu verringerter
Elastizität sowie erhöhter Verletzungsanfälligkeit und
löst Schmerzempfinden aus. Mit reichlich Gemüse, Salat und Obst
oder basischen Mineralstoffpräparaten kann die Säurebelastung
aus proteinreichen Lebensmitteln kompensiert und das Risiko für viele
gesundheitliche Probleme reduziert werden.
Osteoporose – die unterschätzte und untertherapierte
Volkskrankheit
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Kisters Klaus
Published: June 2022

Osteoporose ist eine Skeletterkrankung, die durch ein Missverhältnis in
der Aktivität der knochenauf- und -abbauenden Zellen, einer niedrigen
Knochenmasse mit Verschlechterung der Mikroarchitektur des Knochengewebes
gekennzeichnet ist. Sie manifestiert sich durch dünne Knochen mit einem
hohen Risiko für Knochenbrüche. Zur Prävention und
Therapie gehört neben einer kalziumreichen Ernährung und
regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität auch eine
adäquate Versorgung des Organismus mit einem komplexen Spektrum
knochenrelevanter Mikronährstoffe.
Debriefing nach Simulationstraining
Authors: Mundt Barbara , Hollatz-Galuschki Elsa
Published: June 2022

Das Simulationstraining hat inzwischen in vielen Geburtskliniken Einzug gehalten.
Was jedoch häufig unterschätzt wird, ist das
„Herzstück“ einer jeden Simulation – das
Debriefing. Wie gelingt es, die Simulation nachhaltig fürs Team zu
gestalten oder gar Schaden abzuwenden? Dafür bedarf es einer guten
Vorbereitung und eines strukturierten Plans. Beides liefert die PEARLS- Methode:
„Promoting Excellence and Reflexive Learning in Simulation“
– ein Leitfaden für ein gut strukturiertes Debriefing.
Wunderwerk Plazenta
Authors: Mack Susanne
Published: June 2022

Die Plazenta ist ein Organ mit vielen Funktionen. Dem Fetus stellt sie
über alle Schwangerschaftswochen die vertraute Umgebung, versorgt ihn
mit überlebenswichtigen Stoffen, entsorgt Abfallprodukte und stellt die
Verbindung zur Mutter her. Der Artikel beleuchtet die faszinierende Physiologie
und Funktionsweise des Wunderwerks Plazenta.
Carbon Chain Rupture: Base-Induced Radical C–C Bond Cleavage of Alkylbenzimidazoles
Authors: Huang Jianhui , Fu Xuegang , Guo Dongyang , Yan Yuting , Marselo Timotius , Zhang Mingyu , Zhang Zhenghan , Li Siying
Published: June 2022

A base-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzimidazoles for the preparation of carboxylic acids is described. A number of aliphatic carboxylic acids have been prepared in good to excellent yields via a C–C bond rupture process. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the reaction undergoes a radical pathway initiated by strong bases such as potassium amide. This type of transformation provides an alternative strategy for the access of important carboxylic acid moieties.
How Are Imaging Findings Associated with Exocrine Insufficiency in Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis?
Authors: Shetty Ranjan , Kumbhar Gauri , Thomas Ajith , Pearlin Benedicta , Chowdhury Sudipta Dhar , Chandramohan Anuradha
Published: June 2022

Aim The aim is to study the association between imaging findings in chronic pancreatitis and fecal elastase 1 (FE1) in patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP).

Methods In this retrospective study on a prospectively maintained database of patients with ICP, a radiologist blinded to clinical and laboratory findings reviewed CT and/or MRI. Findings were documented according to recommendations of the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer, October 2018. Low FE1 (<100 μg elastase/g) was considered diagnostic of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). Association between imaging findings and FE1 was studied.

Results In total, 70 patients (M: F = 37:33) with ICP with mean age of 24.2 (SD 6.5) years, range 10 to 37 years and mean disease duration of 5.6 (SD 4.6) years, range 0 to 20 years were included. Mean FE level was 82.5 (SD 120.1), range 5 to 501 μg elastase/g. Mean main pancreatic duct (MPD) caliber was 7 (SD 4) mm, range 3 to 21 mm and mean pancreatic parenchymal thickness (PPT) was 13.7 (SD 5.5) mm, range 5 to 27 mm. There was a significant association between FE1 and MPD size, PPT, type of pancreatic calcification; presence of intraductal stones, side branch dilatation on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and extent of pancreatic involvement (p <0.05). In total, 79%, 86%, and 78% with moderate to severe MPD dilatation, pancreatic atrophy, and side branch dilatation had low FE1, respectively. But nearly half of those with no or mild structural abnormality on imaging had low FE1.

Conclusion Significant association between FE1 and specific imaging findings demonstrates its potential as a marker of exocrine insufficiency and disease severity in chronic pancreatitis. But imaging and FE1 are complementary rather than supplementary.
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids
Authors: Gupta Biki , Rai Ravi , Oertel Michael , Raeman Reben
Published: June 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggest that increased hepatic translocation of gut microbial antigens, secondary to diet-induced impairment of the intestinal barrier may be important in driving hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. Here, we briefly review various endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intestinal barrier and present recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in NAFLD.
Characterization of Spirituality in Parents of Very Preterm Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shanks Vanessa , Guillen Ursula , Mackley Amy , Sturtz Wendy
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to characterize the spiritual beliefs, practices, and needs of parents of very preterm infants, those born <32 weeks of gestation, in a level-III NICU and to characterize parental perception of the spiritual support received in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design Within 14 days of their infants' birth, parents underwent a recorded semistructured interview. Responses were organized into unique themes using standard qualitative methods. Parents completed the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS) and Spiritual Needs Inventory (SNI).

Results Twenty-six parents from 17 families were interviewed and provided SIBS and SNI surveys. Interviews yielded seven major themes describing parents' spirituality and support. Most parents identified themselves as spiritual (n = 14) or sometimes spiritual (n = 2). A high SIBS score was associated with Christian religion (p = 0.007) and non-White race (p = 0.02). The SNI showed ≥80% of parents reported a “frequent” or “always” need for laughter, being with family, thinking happy thoughts, and talking about day-to-day things. The most commonly mentioned sources of spiritual support were parents' connection with a higher power through their faith (n = 12) or religious activities (n = 8). Many parents reported receiving sufficient spiritual support outside of the hospital during their unique experience in the NICU.

Conclusion Parents of infants born <32 weeks of gestation in our NICU commonly self-identified themselves as spiritual. Many parents have similar spiritual needs which are often met by sources outside of the hospital.

Key Points
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in a Large Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Getahun Darios , Peltier Morgan R. , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Shi Jiaxiao M. , Braun David , Sacks David A. , Burgos Anthony E. , Fong Alex , Trivedi Neha , Yasumura Lyn , Reynolds Kristi , Nguyen Marielle , Volodarskiy Marianna , Chiu Vicki Y. , Lopez Adrian H. , Fassett Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to examine whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of perinatal complications and viral transmission to the infant.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals (April 6, 2020–February 28, 2021) was performed using data extracted from electronic health records (EHRs). During this time polymerize chain reaction (PCR)-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 was universally offered to all pregnant women at labor and delivery admission, as well as earlier in the pregnancy, if they were displaying symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection or a possible exposure to the virus. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was used to estimate the strength of associations between positive test results and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Results Of 35,123 women with a singleton pregnancy, 2,203 (6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection with 596 (27%) testing positive during the first or second trimester and 1,607 (73%) during the third trimester. Women testing positive were younger than those who tested negative (29.7 [5.4] vs. 31.1 [5.3] years; mean [standard deviation (SD)]; p < .001). The SARS-CoV-2 infection tended to increase the odds of an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern (aOR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.21; p = 0.058), spontaneous preterm birth (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.58; p = 0.024), congenital anomalies (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.50; p = 0.008), and maternal intensive care unit admission at delivery (aOR: 7.44; 95% CI: 4.06, 13.62; p < 0.001) but not preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.33; p = 0.080). Eighteen (0.8%) neonates of mothers who tested positive also had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test after 24 hours of birth, but all were asymptomatic during the neonatal period.

Conclusion These findings suggest that prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the odds of some adverse perinatal outcomes. The likelihood of vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus was low (0.3%), suggesting that pregnancy complications resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection pose more risk to the baby than transplacental viral transmission.

Key Points
Neue Handelshemmnisse für Medizinprodukte: Grenzüberschreitende Vermarktung und Beschaffung von Medizinprodukten
Authors: Wagner Christoph
Published: June 2022

Der Einkauf sowohl von Medizinprodukten von schweizerischen Herstellern in der EU, als auch der Einkauf von Medizinprodukten von EU-Herstellern in der Schweiz, stehen seit Ende Mai 2021 vor neuen Herausforderungen.
Resonant torque differential magnetometry with high frequency quartz oscillators
Authors: Zheng Guoxin , Zhang Dechen , Chen Kuan-Wen , Singleton John , Li Lu
Published: June 2022

Sensitive magnetometry has been a powerful probe for investigating quantum materials. Extreme conditions, such as sub-kelvin cryogenic temperatures and ultrahigh magnetic fields, demand further durability for sensitive magnetometry. However, significant mechanical vibrations and rapid magnetic field changes give enormous challenges to conventional magnetometry. This article presents a possible solution to this problem by developing a new magnetometry technique using high-frequency quartz oscillators. The technique takes advantage of the symmetry and geometry of mechanical vibration configurations of standard commercially available MHz quartz oscillators, and the setup keeps the high quality factor resonance with the sample mounted on the oscillator. We further demonstrate the sensitivity of the technique using bismuth single crystals and a Fe0.25TaS2 ferromagnetic material. Quantum oscillations are observed in the magnetometry response below 1 T, and the detected oscillation frequency is shown to come from the electron pockets of the bismuth.
Computing transition path theory quantities with trajectory stratification
Authors: Vani Bodhi P. , Weare Jonathan , Dinner Aaron R.
Published: June 2022

Transition path theory computes statistics from ensembles of reactive trajectories. A common strategy for sampling reactive trajectories is to control the branching and pruning of trajectories so as to enhance the sampling of low probability segments. However, it can be challenging to apply transition path theory to data from such methods because determining whether configurations and trajectory segments are part of reactive trajectories requires looking backward and forward in time. Here, we show how this issue can be overcome efficiently by introducing simple data structures. We illustrate the approach in the context of nonequilibrium umbrella sampling, but the strategy is general and can be used to obtain transition path theory statistics from other methods that sample segments of unbiased trajectories.
Design and simulation of an aluminum nitride piezoelectric resonant pressure sensor
Authors: Li Peng , Luo Yin , Guo Liangliang , Zhang Yuming
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a novel aluminum nitride (AlN) resonant pressure sensor with piezoelectric-excitation and piezoelectric-detection is presented. The key structure of this resonator is an AlN flexible beam. Parallel electrodes are designed on the beam to excite the resonance structure in-plane. All layers of this AlN resonant structure are grown on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer by the deposition process. Anchor islands are fabricated in the top silicon layer of the SOI. The structure is designed and optimized by finite element simulation software, and the performance of this pressure sensor is simulated. The resonance frequency is 60.04 kHz, and the sensitivity is 13.6 Hz/kPa under a pressure range of 0–120 kPa. This AlN sensor is advantageous in that its structure and fabrication processes are simple, and it is a new choice for resonant pressure sensors.
Modeling of high intensity orbital angular momentum beams for laser–plasma interactions
Authors: Longman A. , Fedosejevs R.
Published: June 2022

In this work, we explore the field of high intensity orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, their generation with spiral phase mirrors, and the theory behind modeling both ideal and realistic beams. We explore OAM beam asymmetries introduced by aberrations in the beam, manufacturing defects, and bandwidth. A full three-dimensional description of the paraxial Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes suitable for modeling beams down to f/2 focal geometries is derived. A perturbative approach to modeling asymmetric OAM beams is introduced showing that only three LG modes are sufficient to model a wide variety of OAM asymmetries. The models are compared with experimental results followed by a discussion on the future of high intensity OAM beams in plasma physics.
Bi-directional superluminal ring lasers without crosstalk and gain competition
Authors: Zhou Zifan , Zhu Ruoxi , Condon Nicholas J. , Hileman Devin J. , Bonacum Jason , Shahriar Selim M.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present the experimental observation of simultaneous bi-directional superluminal lasing in a triangular ring cavity without gain competition and crosstalk as needed for realizing a gyroscope based on the Sagnac effect. The gain spectrum for each of the lasers is tailored to be a narrow dip on top of a broad gain using two stable isotopes of Rb. Specifically, we make use of 85Rb to produce a broad gain spectrum via the optically pumped Raman gain process and 87Rb to produce a narrow absorption spectrum via the optically pump Raman depletion process. A separate gain cell is used for the laser in each direction. Inferred from the simulation, the spectral sensitivity enhancements of the clock-wise and counter-clock-wise superluminal ring lasers are ∼362 and ∼505, respectively, with the imbalance attributed to differences in pump powers.
Bridging the gap between H- and J-aggregates: Classification and supramolecular tunability for excitonic band structures in two-dimensional molecular aggregates
Authors: Deshmukh Arundhati P. , Geue Niklas , Bradbury Nadine C. , Atallah Timothy L. , Chuang Chern , Pengshung Monica , Cao Jianshu , Sletten Ellen M. , Neuhauser Daniel , Caram Justin R.
Published: June 2022

Molecular aggregates with long-range excitonic couplings have drastically different photophysical properties compared to their monomer counterparts. From Kasha's model for one-dimensional systems, positive or negative excitonic couplings lead to blue or red-shifted optical spectra with respect to the monomers, labeled H-and J-aggregates, respectively. The overall excitonic couplings in higher dimensional systems are much more complicated and cannot be simply classified from their spectral shifts alone. Here, we provide a unified classification for extended 2D aggregates using temperature dependent peak shifts, thermal broadening, and quantum yields. We discuss the examples of six 2D aggregates with J-like absorption spectra but quite drastic changes in quantum yields and superradiance. We find the origin of the differences is, in fact, a different excitonic band structure where the bright state is lower energy than the monomer but still away from the band edge. We call this an “I-aggregate.” Our results provide a description of the complex excitonic behaviors that cannot be explained solely on Kasha's model. Furthermore, such properties can be tuned with the packing geometries within the aggregates providing supramolecular pathways for controlling them. This will allow for precise optimizations of aggregate properties in their applications across the areas of optoelectronics, photonics, excitonic energy transfer, and shortwave infrared technologies.
Tunneling motion and splitting in the CH2OH radical: (Sub-)millimeter wave spectrum analysis
Authors: Coudert L. H. , Chitarra O. , Spaniol J.-T. , Loison J.-C. , Martin-Drumel M.-A. , Pirali O.
Published: June 2022

The (sub-)millimeter wave spectrum of the non-rigid CH2OH radical is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Ab initio calculations are carried out to quantitatively characterize its potential energy surface as a function of the two large amplitude ∠H1COH and ∠H2COH dihedral angles. It is shown that the radical displays a large amplitude torsional-like motion of its CH2 group with respect to the OH group. The rotation–torsion levels computed with the help of a 4D Hamiltonian accounting for this torsional-like motion and for the overall rotation exhibit a tunneling splitting, in agreement with recent experimental investigations, and a strong rotational dependence of this tunneling splitting on the rotational quantum number Ka due to the rotation–torsion Coriolis coupling. Based on an internal axis method approach, a fitting Hamiltonian accounting for tunneling effects and for the fine and hyperfine structure is built and applied to the fitting of the new (sub)-millimeter wave transitions measured in this work along with previously available high-resolution data. 778 frequencies and wavenumbers are reproduced with a unitless standard deviation of 0.79 using 27 parameters. The N = 0 tunneling splitting, which could not be determined unambiguously in the previous high-resolution investigations, is determined based on its rotational dependence.
Physics-informed graph neural networks enhance scalability of variational nonequilibrium optimal control
Authors: Yan Jiawei , Rotskoff Grant M.
Published: June 2022

When a physical system is driven away from equilibrium, the statistical distribution of its dynamical trajectories informs many of its physical properties. Characterizing the nature of the distribution of dynamical observables, such as a current or entropy production rate, has become a central problem in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Asymptotically, for a broad class of observables, the distribution of a given observable satisfies a large deviation principle when the dynamics is Markovian, meaning that fluctuations can be characterized in the long-time limit by computing a scaled cumulant generating function. Calculating this function is not tractable analytically (nor often numerically) for complex, interacting systems, so the development of robust numerical techniques to carry out this computation is needed to probe the properties of nonequilibrium materials. Here, we describe an algorithm that recasts this task as an optimal control problem that can be solved variationally. We solve for optimal control forces using neural network ansatz that are tailored to the physical systems to which the forces are applied. We demonstrate that this approach leads to transferable and accurate solutions in two systems featuring large numbers of interacting particles.
Prediction method of multi-frequency non-intermodulation electromagnetic radiation blocking effect of BeiDou navigation receiver
Authors: Zhao Hong-Ze , Wei Guang-Hui , Pan Xiao-Dong , Lu Xin-Fu , Du Xue , Zhao Zhi-Kui
Published: June 2022

In the test of the electromagnetic radiation blocking effect of the navigation receiver, it is found that the sensitivity of the navigation receiver to single frequency continuous waves and sinusoidal amplitude modulation waves will change with the change in the satellite useful signal strength. This phenomenon reflects that the sensitivity of frequency equipment to multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation is not fixed to a certain extent. In order to make up for the deficiency that the existing multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation evaluation methods can only deal with a single situation, this paper uses the time delay characteristics of the circuit response, introduces the concepts of normalized interference levels and signal duty cycles, establishes the evaluation model of the multi-frequency non-intermodulation electromagnetic radiation blocking effect of frequency equipment, and puts forward the prediction method of the multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation blocking effect of frequency equipment. Taking a certain type of BeiDou navigation receiver as the test object, the single-frequency continuous wave and double-frequency continuous wave electromagnetic radiation blocking effect tests are carried out by using the full-level irradiation method. The test data are substituted into the model established in this paper for verification. The results show that the maximum evaluation error of the model is 2.23 dB. The model and the effect prediction method established in this paper are of great significance for the survival ability evaluation of frequency equipment in complex electromagnetic environments.
The nature of the polar covalent bond
Authors: Zhao Lili , Pan Sudip , Frenking Gernot
Published: June 2022

Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory are reported for the diatomic molecules LiF, BeO, and BN. The nature of the interatomic interactions is analyzed with the Energy Decomposition Analysis–Natural Orbitals of Chemical Valence (EDA-NOCV) method, and the results are critically discussed and compared with data from Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, Natural Bond Orbital, and Mayer approaches. Polar bonds, like nonpolar bonds, are caused by the interference of wave functions, which lead to an accumulation of electronic charge in the bonding region. Polar bonds generally have a larger percentage of electrostatic bonding to the total attraction, but nonpolar bonds may also possess large contributions from Coulombic interaction. The term “ionic contribution” refers to valence bond structures and is misleading because it refers to separate fragments with negligible overlap that occur only in the solid state and in solution, not in a molecule. The EDA-NOCV method gives detailed information about the individual orbital contributions, which can be identified by visual inspection of the associated deformation densities. It is very important, particularly for polar bonds to distinguish between the interatomic interactions of the final dissociation products after bond rupture and the interactions between the fragments in the eventually formed bond. The bond formation in LiF is dominated by orbital interactions (90%) between Li and F yielding a single bond, but the eventually formed bond comes mainly from the electrostatic attraction between Li+ and F−, where the minor orbital interactions (10%) have equally strong σ and π components. The symmetry allowed bond formation of BeO between Be in the 1S ground state and O in the excited 1D state is dominated (90%) by a strong dative Be → O σ bond with negligible π interactions. The final bond situation in BeO is best described by the interaction between Be+ and O−, where the Coulombic forces provide 60% of the attraction and the orbital interactions give equally strong σ and π bonds. The chemical bond in BN is analyzed in the X3Π ground state and the a1Σ+ excited state. Both states have triple bonds with strong π bonds, which are in the a1Σ+ state even stronger than the σ bond.
Real-time measurement of dynamic micro-displacement and direction using light's orbital angular momentum
Authors: Zhu Jialong , Wang Le , Ji Jiaying , Zhao Shengmei
Published: June 2022

In this Letter, we propose an orbital angular momentum (OAM) sensor to simultaneously measure the dynamic micro-displacement and the direction of a moving object in real time. The micro-displacement of the moving object can be detected by the calculation of the petals' rotation angle caused by the coaxial interference between the measured OAM beam and its reference OAM beam, and the direction (forward or backward) of the moving object can be achieved by the clockwise or anticlockwise of the petals' rotation. We also develop an algorithm to monitor the petals' rotation angle and the rotation direction. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor can achieve high precision (±16.5995 nm) and a longer measuring range (0–1100 cm). Additionally, the OAM sensor is sensitive to the topological charge in the OAM mode, the initial distance, and the velocity of the moving object. The sensor can perform the non-contact measurement, so it will be a promising method in micro-vibration sensing, surface unevenness sensing, and microbial movement sensing.
Capture theory models: An overview of their development, experimental verification, and applications to ion–molecule reactions
Authors: Tsikritea Andriana , Diprose Jake A. , Softley Timothy P. , Heazlewood Brianna R.
Published: June 2022

Since Arrhenius first proposed an equation to account for the behavior of thermally activated reactions in 1889, significant progress has been made in our understanding of chemical reactivity. A number of capture theory models have been developed over the past several decades to predict the rate coefficients for reactions between ions and molecules—ranging from the Langevin equation (for reactions between ions and non-polar molecules) to more recent fully quantum theories (for reactions at ultracold temperatures). A number of different capture theory methods are discussed, with the key assumptions underpinning each approach clearly set out. The strengths and limitations of these capture theory methods are examined through detailed comparisons between low-temperature experimental measurements and capture theory predictions. Guidance is provided on the selection of an appropriate capture theory method for a given class of ion–molecule reaction and set of experimental conditions—identifying when a capture-based model is likely to provide an accurate prediction. Finally, the impact of capture theories on fields such as astrochemical modeling is noted, with some potential future directions of capture-based approaches outlined.
Bias-free spin-wave propagation in a micrometer-thick ferrimagnetic film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Xu Jiapeng , Zhang Dainan , Zhang Yuanjing , Zhong Zhiyong , Zhang Huaiwu , Xu Xinkai , Luo Xiaopeng , Yang Qinghui , Liu Bo , Jin Lichuan
Published: June 2022

The isotropic transmission of magnetostatic forward volume spin waves in magnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is shown to be useful in the implementation of magnon-based micro-conduits. However, to our knowledge, non-magnetic-bias-field spin-wave propagation in a PMA magnetic insulator has not been achieved yet, which constrains the development of magnonic information devices and systems. Herein, we demonstrate a robust, bias-free spin-wave transmission in an 18.5-μm-thick bismuth-doped thulium iron garnet film with PMA. This ferrimagnetic film grown by liquid phase epitaxy exhibits high quality in both its crystal structure and its chemical composition and displays a large PMA field of ∼173 mT. The bias-free and reciprocal propagation of spin waves is demonstrated by all-electrical spectroscopy and provides a group velocity of 4.90 km s−1 and a decay length of 20.5 µm at zero magnetic field. Direct imaging of the remnant state indicates that the bias-free spin waves propagate along the oppositely oriented stripe domains with Bloch-type walls, which are formed by in-plane pre-magnetization. Our work contributes to the construction of isotropic charge-free micro-circuits with high levels of integration and nonvolatility.
Climatic and biotic factors influencing regional declines and recovery of tropical forest biomass from the 2015/16 El Niño
Authors: Yang Hui , Ciais Philippe , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Chave Jérôme , Cartus Oliver , Chen Xiuzhi , Fan Lei , Green Julia K. , Huang Yuanyuan , Joetzjer Emilie , Kay Heather , Makowski David , Maignan Fabienne , Santoro Maurizio , Tao Shengli , Liu Liyang , Yao Yitong
Published: June 2022

The 2015/16 El Niño brought severe drought and record-breaking temperatures in the tropics. Here, using satellite-based L-band microwave vegetation optical depth, we mapped changes of above-ground biomass (AGB) during the drought and in subsequent years up to 2019. Over more than 60% of drought-affected intact forests, AGB reduced during the drought, except in the wettest part of the central Amazon, where it declined 1 y later. By the end of 2019, only 40% of AGB reduced intact forests had fully recovered to the predrought level. Using random-forest models, we found that the magnitude of AGB losses during the drought was mainly associated with regionally distinct patterns of soil water deficits and soil clay content. For the AGB recovery, we found strong influences of AGB losses during the drought and of

γ

.

γ

is a parameter related to canopy structure and is defined as the ratio of two relative height (RH) metrics of Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data—RH25 (25% energy return height) and RH100 (100% energy return height; i.e., top canopy height). A high

γ

may reflect forests with a tall understory, thick and closed canopy, and/or without degradation. Such forests with a high

γ

(

γ

≥ 0.3) appear to have a stronger capacity to recover than low-

γ

ones. Our results highlight the importance of forest structure when predicting the consequences of future drought stress in the tropics.