bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning surface‐cross‐linking of molecularly imprinted cross‐linked micelles for molecular recognition in water
Authors: Zhang Shize , Zhao Yan
Published: November 2018

Molecular recognition in water is an important challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Surface‐core double cross‐linking of template‐containing surfactant micelles by the click reaction and free radical polymerization yields molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MINPs) with guest‐complementary binding sites. An important property of MINP‐based receptors is the surface‐cross‐linking between the propargyl groups of the surfactants and a diazide cross‐linker. Decreasing the number of carbons in between the two azides enhanced the binding affinity of the MINPs, possibly by keeping the imprinted binding site more open prior to the guest binding. The depth of the binding pocket can be controlled by the distribution of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups of the template and was found to influence the binding in addition to electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged MINPs and guests. Cross‐linkers with an alkoxyamine group enabled two‐stage double surface‐cross‐linking that strengthened the binding constants by an order of magnitude, possibly by expanding the binding pocket of the MINP into the polar region. The binding selectivity among very similar isomeric structures also improved.
Increasing pace mapping properties in parahissian premature ventricular contraction. Novel insight from HD grid multipolar catheter
Authors: Cauti Filippo Maria , Rossi Pietro , Allegretti Greta , Iaia Luigi , Bianchi Stefano
Published: November 2018

A 23‐year‐old athlete with symptomatic low burden premature ventricular contraction (PVC) with left bundle branch block morphology and inferior axis morphology was sent to our department for RV mapping and PVC ablation. Exit zone of the PVC was easily and clearly defined by the bipoles A3‐A4 achieving optimal and detailed pacemapping (Panels A‐C) near the His bundle (yellow dots). The spatial conformation and the smooth shape of the catheter would definitely help everyday procedures in the setting of low burden PVC/noninducible focal ventricular arrhythmia, especially when the focus is located very close to the conductive tissue.
Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of oligochitosan on the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Sui Yuan , Ma Zengxin , Meng Xianghong
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea infects a broad range of horticultural plants worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses. A derivative of chitosan, oligochitosan, has been reported to be an eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides.

RESULTS

Oligochitosan can greatly inhibit B. cinerea spore germination and induce protein carbonylation. To further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect, a comparative proteome analysis was conducted of oligochitosan‐treated versus non‐treated B. cinerea spores. The cellular proteins were obtained from B. cinerea spore samples and subjected to two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 21 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Three DEPs were up‐regulated in the oligochitosan‐treated versus the untreated spores, including scytalone dehydratase and a serine carboxypeptidase III precursor. By contrast, seven DEPs, including Hsp 88 and cell division cycle protein 48, were down‐regulated by oligochitosan treatment. Notably, 10 DEPs, including phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme and ATP‐dependent molecular chaperone HSC82, were only detected in the control spores, whereas one DEP, a non‐annotated predicted protein, was only detected in the oligochitosan‐treated spores.

CONCLUSION

Oligochitosan may affect the spore germination of B. cinerea by impairing protein function. These findings have practical implications with respect to the use of oligochitosan for controlling fungal pathogens. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Combination Intumescent and Kaolin‐Filled Multilayer Nanocoatings that Reduce Polyurethane Flammability
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Qin Shuang , Li Hongfei , Sun Jun , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhang Sheng , Grunlan Jaime C.
Published: November 2018

Chitosan (CH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), CH and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐stabilized kaolin (KAO) clay are deposited as quadlayers onto the surface of flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) via layer‐by‐layer assembly in order to improve the fire resistance of the foam. The effectiveness of this nanocoating on flame suppression is compared to control films without KAO and bilayer coatings. PUF coated with only five CH/APP/CH/PAA‐KAO quadlayers (around 184 nm thick) maintains its open porous structure and self‐extinguishes upon exposure to a butane torch flame for 10 s. Cone calorimetry reveals that this coating reduces the peak heat release rate and total smoke release by 66.8% and 59.3%, respectively, compared with uncoated foam. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen indicates the combination of intumescent components and clay promotes char formation and improves the thermal stability of the polyurethane substrate. This multilayer coating has the potential to improve the fire safety for PUF, commonly used in home furnishings, and a variety of other polymeric substrates.
On weighted inductive limits of spaces of ultradifferentiable functions and their duals
Authors: Debrouwere Andreas , Vindas Jasson
Published: November 2018

In the first part of this paper we discuss the completeness of two general classes of weighted inductive limits of spaces of ultradifferentiable functions. In the second part we study their duals and characterize these spaces in terms of the growth of convolution averages of their elements. This characterization gives a canonical way to define a locally convex topology on these spaces and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be ultrabornological. In particular, our results apply to spaces of convolutors for Gelfand–Shilov spaces.
Computations of atom spectra
Authors: Bak Rune Harder , Holm Henrik
Published: November 2018

This is a contribution to the theory of atoms in abelian categories recently developed in a series of papers by Kanda. We present a method that enables one to explicitly compute the atom spectrum of the module category over a wide range of non‐commutative rings. We illustrate our method and results by several examples.
Self‐Organization and Charge Transport Properties of Selenium and Tellurium Analogues of Polythiophene
Authors: Ye Shuyang , Janasz Lukasz , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Manion Joseph G. , Mondal Anirban , Marszalek Tomasz , Andrienko Denis , Müllen Klaus , Pisula Wojciech , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: November 2018

A series of conjugated polymers comprising polythiophene, polyselenophene, and polytellurophene with branched 3,7‐dimethyloctyl side chains, well‐matched molecular weight, dispersity, and regioregularity is synthesized. The ionization potential is found to vary from 5.14 to 5.32 eV, with polytellurophene having the lowest potential. Field‐effect transistors based on these materials exhibit distinct hole transport mobility that varies by nearly three orders of magnitude, with polytellurophene having the highest mobility (2.5 × 10−2 cm² V−1 s−1). The large difference in mobility demonstrates the significant impact of heteroatom substitution. Although the series of polymers are very similar in structure, their solid‐state properties are different. While the thin film microstructure of polythiophene and polyselenophene is identical, polytellurophene reveals globular features in the film topography. Polytellurophenes also appear to be the least crystalline, even though their charge transport properties are superior to other samples. The torsional barrier and degree of planarity between repeat units increase as one moves down group‐16 elements. These studies show how a single atom in a polymer chain can have a substantial influence on the bulk properties of a material, and that heavy group‐16 atoms have a positive influence on charge transport properties when all other variables are kept unchanged.
Zero‐electron‐mass limit of the two‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations in bounded domain
Authors: Li Yeping , Zhou Gang , Liao Jie
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we consider the zero‐electron‐mass limit of the solutions for the two‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson system in the bounded spatial domain. We first show local existence of the regular solutions for the initial boundary value problem to the two‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations. Then we establish the uniform estimate of global regular solutions to the compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations with well‐prepared initial date for all time. This estimate that is uniform both in time and in the electron mass is derived by a differential inequality with certain decay property. Further, we obtain the global existence of the regular solutions to the compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations. Moreover, we also show that the global regular solutions of the initial boundary value problem for the compressible Navier‐Stokes‐Poisson equations converge to the solutions of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations as the electron mass tends to zero.
Existence of bound and ground states for a class of Kirchhoff‐Schrödinger equations involving critical Trudinger‐Moser growth
Authors: de Albuquerque José Carlos , Araújo Yane Lísley , Clemente Rodrigo
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we discuss the existence of bound and ground state solutions for a class of fractional Kirchhoff equations defined on the whole real line. The equation involves a nonlinear term with critical exponential growth in the Trudinger‐Moser sense. We deal with periodic and asymptotically periodic potential, which may change sign. We handle with the lack of compactness because of the unboundedness of the domain and the critical behavior of the nonlinearity. The main theorems are stated without the well‐known Ambrosetti‐Rabinowitz condition at infinity.
Lipidomic profile as a noninvasive tool to predict endometrial receptivity
Authors: Braga Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira , Borges Edson , Godoy Adriana Teixeira , Montani Daniela Antunes , Setti Amanda Souza , Zanetti Bianca Ferrarini , Figueira Rita de Cássia Sávio , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Lo Turco Edson Guimarães
Published: November 2018

For the present study we asked whether the endometrial fluid lipidomic may be a useful approach to predict endometrial receptivity in freeze‐all cycles. For this case‐control study, endometrial fluid samples were collected from 41 patients undergoing freeze‐all cycles. Samples were split depending on the pregnancy outcome: positive group (n = 24) and negative group (n = 17). Data were acquired by the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were applied. A list of potential biomarker ion ratios was obtained and the values were used to build a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict pregnancy success. The lipid categories were attributed by LIPID MAPS database. Ion ratios were established according to their correlations and used for the analysis. The PCA showed a tendency of separation between the studied groups, whereas the PLS‐DA was able to clearly distinguish them. Fifteen ratios (13 hyper‐represented in the negative and two hyper‐represented in the positive group) were selected according to their importance for model prediction. These ratios were used to build the ROC curve, which presented an area under curve of 84.0% (95%CI: 69.2–97.4%; p = 0.009). These findings suggest that lipidomic profiling of endometrial fluid may be a valuable tool for identifying the time interval comprising the window of implantation.
Are solvent effects important for intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonding interactions?
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Shao Linjun , Yan Peng , Liu Chunli , Liu Xuejing , Zhang Xian M.
Published: November 2018

Oxygen atoms are located at the center of the symmetrical rectangles formed by fourortho t‐butyl carbon‐hydrogen (C—H) bonds for the conformational inflexible 2,6‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐substituted phenoxide anions, in which the nonbonded O···H and O···C distances are all significantly shorter than sums of the related van der Waals' radii. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis reveal that the oxygen atom can form four equivalent intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonds (approximately 3.0 kcal/mol) regardless of size and polarity of the para‐substituents, implying that each phenoxide anion is stabilized by approximately 12 kcal/mol C—H···O−hydrogen bonding interaction. The C—H···O−hydrogen bonding stabilizations are strongly supported by acidity augmentation of approximately 1.6 pKunits (approximately 40 times) for introduction of two bulkyt‐butyl groups into theorthopositions of 4‐substituted phenols (G = H, Me,t‐Bu, MeO, and NO2) in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Furthermore, solvents with largely varying polarity show negligible effects on the intramolecular C—H···O−hydrogen bonding strengths.
Tomato tolerance and pest control following fumigation with different ratios of dimethyl disulfide and chloropicrin
Authors: Yu Jialin , Land Caroline J , Vallad Gary E , Boyd Nathan S
Published: November 2018

Background

The phaseout of methyl bromide (MeBr) continues to stimulate research into the use of other soil fumigants for controlling soil‐borne diseases and weeds. This research evaluated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tolerance, weed emergence and the recovery of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) inoculum following fumigation with various combination ratios of dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin (DMDS + Pic).

Results

On its own, DMDS did not effectively control purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) compared with DMDS + Pic. Control of C. rotundus and fusarium wilt increased with Pic based on weed emergence throughout the growing season and FOL inoculum recovery from soil. In all three growing seasons, 159 kg ha−1 DMDS + 379 kg ha−1 Pic provided season‐long control of C. rotundus.

Conclusion

This research confirms that formulating DMDS + Pic containing a high percentage of Pic offers an effective alternative to MeBr for tomato production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
An Organic Bipolar Resistive Switching Memory Device Based on Natural Melanin Synthesized From Aeromonas sp. SNS
Authors: Gurme Swati T. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Surwase Shripad N. , Kumbhar Sujata D. , More Gayatri M. , Patil Vithoba L. , Patil Pramod S. , Kamat Rajanish K. , Jadhav Jyoti P.
Published: November 2018

A Ag/melanin/SS memristive device with remarkably good endurance and retention properties is demonstrated using natural melanin isolated from bacterium Aeromonas sp. SNS. Purified and characterized melanin is used for the development of a non‐volatile memory device. The device is operated under electroforming‐free mode and requires only ±0.6 V resistive switching voltage. 2 × 104 switching cycles endurance is achieved with an approximately 10X memory window at 0.2 V read voltage. In addition to this, the low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) are stable over 103 s without any observable degradation in the resistance states. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of LRS and HRS are very small compared to other memory devices reported in the literature. Furthermore, the Ag/melanin/SS memristive device shows rich nonlinear behavior and possesses negative differential resistance effect during positive bias. Charge transportation in the device is due to the ohmic and space charge limited current. The formation and breaking of the conductive filament are responsible for the bipolar resistive switching effect due to hybrid electronic‐ionic charge transportation. Rich I–V characteristics, very low switching voltage, and remarkable nonvolatile memory performance make melanin a strong candidate for next generation organic non‐volatile memory devices.
The Usage of Conducting Wire Sphere Models for the Estimation of Electrophysical Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Spherical Aerogels
Authors: Dorofeev Igor O. , Suslyaev Valentin I. , Karzanova Tatyana S. , Moseenkov Sergey I. , Kuznetsov Vladimir L.
Published: November 2018

Here a method for estimating the effective parameters (effective conductivity) of spherical aerogels of multilayer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed using the measured values of their polarizability and the wire medium model. While aerogels have a structure formed with tangles of curved nanotubes with chaotic contact distribution, the possibility to describe their electrophysical properties using the regular connected wire medium is estimated here. Calculations of the polarizability of regular structures consisting of copper and CNT wires of identical diameters (not less than 50 nm) for different models are performed. It is suggested that by selecting the parameters of a regular medium, it is possible to achieve the closeness of the polarizability values of samples of the same shape consisting of regular and irregular media. The calculated polarizability values of aerogels are consistent with the results of measurements of polarizability performed using the method of open resonators in the range 8–12 GHz. The possibility of estimating the electrophysical characteristics of carbon aerogels is considered for further modeling of the electromagnetic characteristics of composites based on them.
Enzymes inhibitors from natural sources with antidiabetic activity: A review
Authors: Alam Fiaz , Shafique Zainab , Amjad Sayyeda Tayyeba , Bin Asad Mohammad Hassham Hassan
Published: November 2018

Natural products have been extensively investigated for antidiabetic therapy. Many of the natural products have direct or indirect effect in diabetes pathways as enzyme inhibitors. The most involved mechanisms are inhibition of intestinal alpha‐glucosidase and alpha‐amylase, lens aldose reductase, oxidative stress protection, inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products, inhibition of aldose reductase, lowering plasma glucose levels, altering enzyme activity of hexokinases and glucose‐6‐phosphate, synthesizing and releasing of insulin, postprandial hyperglycemia inhibition, stimulation of GLUT‐4, decreasing activity of G6P, lowering the level of skeletal hexokinases, etc. The following medicinal plants products or extracts showed promising effects as enzyme inhibitors: Abelmoschus moschatus, Alangium salvifolium, Azadirachta indica, Bidens pilosa, Boerhaavia diffusa, Capsicum frutescens, Cassia alata, Eclipta alba, Embellica officinalis, Ficus carica, Gentiana Olivier, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Gymnema sylvestre, Hordeum vulgare, Ipomoea aquatica, Juniperus communis, Mangifera indica, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Punica granatum, and Zingiber officinale. Some of the group of phytochemicals isolated with enzyme inhibition activities are Alkaloids, sesquiterpene and saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, dietary fibers, ferulic acid, tannins, limonene, and oleuropeoside. This review will provide very useful material to enhance the efficiency of rational antidiabetic drug design.
Impact of two‐way coupling and sea‐surface temperature on precipitation forecasts in regional atmosphere and ocean models
Authors: Strajnar Benedikt , Cedilnik Jure , Fettich Anja , Ličer Matjaž , Pristov Neva , Smerkol Peter , Jerman Jurij
Published: November 2018

Six coupled atmosphere–ocean set‐ups of ALADIN and POM limited‐area models are used to simulate five heavy precipitation events over the Adriatic Sea. We evaluate several approaches to applying the one‐ or two‐way atmosphere–ocean coupling (during the forecast of the warm‐up assimilation cycle, during the main forecast, or both) and using static sea‐surface temperature (SST) information in various resolutions: from POM, from MFS (a regional ocean model) or from OSTIA analysis (used also by the global model ECMWF/IFS). The set‐ups are designed in a way that allows for independent evaluation of various SST sources in ALADIN and the strategy of two‐way coupling. SST quality in these set‐ups is verified against satellite observations. The impact on precipitation forecasts is quantified by verification over 900 stations. Results depend on the weather situation, the frequency of the update of SST and the application of two‐way coupling before and during the events. When SST is used statically in ALADIN, operational‐like forecasts using daily SST analysis from OSTIA are more accurate than those using MFS and especially POM; this illustrates the importance of using fresh information from observations. The two‐way coupling outperformed the one‐way coupling in the cases with heavy and localized convection as the dominating process. The skill of the two‐way coupled experiments was similar in situations with large‐scale synoptic forcing. It was found that including the two‐way coupling in the assimilation cycle a few days before the studied weather events impacts the SST forecast but has neutral impact on precipitation scores. Results suggest that ocean data assimilation is necessary in the two‐way coupled system in order to realistically update SST in the system with fresh observations.
Zum Entwerfen von gewichtsarmen Kräftepfaden
Authors: Wilhelm Viktor , Brixner Robert
Published: November 2018

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Themenfeld des „elementierten Stukturleichtbaus” – hauptsächlich unter Verwendung von offenen Stahlprofilen in Kombination mit Spannbetondeckenelementen (weiterführende Überlegungen ersetzen aber auch noch diese, bspw. durch Brettstapeldecken).

Ein weiteres Detailmerkmal besteht darin, dass innerhalb der Struktur entstehende Kräfte nicht „gebündelt” werden, um sie wenig später vor der Einleitung in den Baugrund wieder zu verteilen, sondern ähnlich dem Prinzip einer Rennradfelge mit sehr vielen, aber äußerst schlanken Speichen die Lasten dort abzutragen, wo sie entstehen.

So kann es bspw. gelingen, dass die vertikalen Tragelemente des sog. „Primärtragwerkes” den Strukturabmessungen von Fassadenprofilen sehr stark nahe kommen – bis zu dem Punkt, diese zu ersetzen. Die Fassade erhält somit gar kein eigenes Tragsystem, sondern wird nur mittels „Aufsatzprofilen” integriert.

Das gewählte System zeichnet sich weiterhin auch dadurch aus, dass es gleichzeitig die endgültige Element‐/Oberfläche des „Endausbaus” bildet. Es wird nicht verkleidet.

Bestimmte Voraussetzungen müssen hierfür stets erfüllt werden – der konzeptionelle Brandschutz muss eine F0‐ oder zumindest nur eine F30‐Konstruktion zulassen, das Aussteifungskonzept sollte weitestgehend ohne Einspannungen auskommen sowie der weitere technische und baukonstruktive Gebäudeausbau sollte diese „strukturelle Direktheit” aufgreifen. Auch der Schallschutz muss auf diese Art des Leichtbaus reagieren – so würden die verwendeten Betonfertigteildecken z. B. nur einer vergleichsweise 11 cm starken massiven Ortbetondeckenplatte entsprechen. Diese geringe Eigenlast ist aber wiederum Voraussetzung für die äußerst filigrane weiterführende lastabtragende Konstruktion.
Sichtbar wird hierbei der unabdingbare Zusammenhang zwischen konstruktiv bedingter „Eigenlast” und der gewählten zugehörigen lastabtragenden Struktur.
Moment‐resisting joints in high‐strength steel: areas for improvement in design standards
Authors: Coelho Ana M. Girão , Bijlaard Frans
Published: November 2018

In Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt Johansson

European standard EN 1993 does not permit the design of joints made from steel with a yield stress > 460 MPa using the principles of semi‐continuous/partially restrained construction, and will remain forbidden in its current revision within the scope of the CEN/2014‐02 programme for the evolution of the structural Eurocodes. The findings of a comprehensive research programme on the non‐linear behaviour of moment‐resisting joints with components made from high‐strength steel grades (yield stresses of 690 and 960 MPa) carried out at Delft University of Technology are summarized in this paper and used to reappraise these restrictions.
Quantification of parameters for modeling of chloride ion ingress into concrete
Authors: Šomodíková Martina , Strauss Alfred , Zambon Ivan , Teplý Břetislav
Published: November 2018

Within the management of structures, nonformal assessments where the condition of a structure is evaluated on the basis of visual inspections are the most common type of evaluation. This is because not all of the structures in huge infrastructure networks can be assessed in great depth due to cost constraints. The objective of a structural condition assessment is to determine the current state and estimate the future performance of a structure with a maximum degree of accuracy and a minimum of effort. There is therefore a need for advanced methodologies and predictive deterioration models for the assessment of structures/structural elements over time. Data collected during visual inspections should mainly provide information about the most serious problems and suggest the most suitable scheme for the extension of the performed inspection via monitoring, additional on‐site measurements and/or laboratory tests. The objective of this contribution is to sketch out the principles of structural evaluation associated with chloride diffusion processes and to feature several levels of structural assessment, starting with simple but conservative methods and progressing to more sophisticated ones. The article proposes a “guideline” which is aimed in particular at existing concrete/reinforced concrete structures, such as bridges, located in the mild European climate in places where deicing salts are applied.
Re-using questions in classroom-based assessment: An exploratory study at the undergraduate medical education level
Authors: Joncas Sébastien Xavier , St-Onge Christina , Bourque Sylvie , Farand Paul
Published: November 2018

Introduction To alleviate some of the burden associated with the development of novel quality questions on a regular basis, medical education programs may favour the use of item banks. This practice answers the real pragmatic need of having to create exams de novo at each administration while benefiting from using psychometrically sound questions to assess students. Unfortunately, programs cannot prevent trainees from engaging in cheating behaviours such as content sharing, and little is known about the impact of re-using items.

Methods We conducted an exploratory descriptive study to assess the effect of repeated use of banked items within an in-house assessment context. The difficulty and discrimination coefficients for the 16-unit exams of the past 5 years (1,629 questions) were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVAs.

Results Difficulty coefficients increased significantly (M = 79.8% for the first use of an item, to a mean difficulty coefficient of 85.2% for the fourth use) and discrimination coefficients decreased significantly with repeated uses (M = 0.17, 0.16, 0.14, 0.14 for the first, second, third and fourth uses respectively).

Discussion The results from our study suggest that using an item three times or more within a short time span may cause a significant risk to its psychometric properties and consequently to the quality of the examination. Pooling items from different institutions or the recourse to automatic generated items could offer a greater pool of questions to administrators and faculty members while limiting the re-use of questions within a short time span.
“Customary International Law: A Third World Perspective”: Reflections in Light of an Approach to CIL Based on Fundamental Ethical Principles
Authors: Lepard Brian D.
Published: November 2018

B.S. Chimni's stimulating article makes an important contribution to the burgeoning literature on customary international law (CIL) by examining CIL from the perspective of developing states, a perspective underrepresented in this literature. His article articulates well many valid points about the sociohistorical biases of CIL. At the same time, there may be reasons for more optimism than Chimni appears to possess about the ability of CIL to serve global interests, including those of the Third World. Furthermore, some of Chimni's proposals merit further refinement. In this essay I propose to evaluate the strengths and potential shortcomings of Chimni's arguments in light of an approach to CIL that I have developed that is based on fundamental ethical principles recognized in international law. After laying out an alternative theory that still has many resonances with Chimni's proposals, I discuss critically three of the key theses articulated by Chimni: First, that CIL is inherently colonialist and inconsistent with the values of Third World peoples; second, that even contemporary customary international human rights law (IHRL) is a means of furthering global capitalism to the detriment of Third World peoples; and third, that the remedy for CIL's biases lies in the creation of a “postmodern” doctrine of CIL that incorporates reference to the “juridical conscience of humankind.”
Decolonial CIL: TWAIL, Feminism, and an Insurgent Jurisprudence
Authors: Nesiah Vasuki
Published: November 2018

In advancing a Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) analysis of customary international law (CIL) and its dominant doctrinal conceits, B.S. Chimni shows how the jurisprudence of custom has been co-constitutive with colonization and capitalism. He contends that CIL's most fundamental assumption—the “supposed distinction between ‘formal’ and ‘material’ sources of CIL”—privileges Western states while legitimizing CIL as a neutral and universal body of law. In dialogue with Chimni, this essay extends the conversation in two directions. First, I show that there are important resonances between Chimni's deconstruction of the distinction between “formal” and “material” sources of CIL, and a feminist critique of the public/private distinction in international law. Chimni describes his approach as postmodern. I argue that its analysis of the conceptual architecture of the dominant doctrine and its systematic exclusions is also, at its core, a feminist approach to international law. Second, and inspired by Chimni's critique, I explore insurgent jurisprudential traditions that challenge the hierarchies, inequalities, and biases in received doctrine regarding the sources of CIL. Chimni's decolonial approach acknowledges CIL's imperial past, and prepares the ground for democratizing and pluralizing sources by paying attention to a so-called opinio juris communis that incorporates the interests of those critical of, or oppressed by, the dominant world order. Building on this ground, I draw on the Panchsheel principles, first nations’ conceptions of sovereignty and citizenship, and practices of fugitive freedom by maroon communities to begin to supply content and form to a counterrepertoire of custom.
Customary Law in the Postmodern World (Dis)order
Authors: Paulus Andreas , Lippold Matthias
Published: November 2018

B.S. Chimni's thought-provoking article presents a welcome opportunity to reflect on both the value and the shortcomings of custom as a source in contemporary international law. Chimni convincingly identifies points of concern with respect to the representativeness of the relevant state practice and the availability of non-Western practice. His article is part of a stream of recent scholarship that examines the relationship between public international law and the so-called Third World under the label of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). The contribution, like much of the TWAIL literature, is helpful in that it reveals the biases of international law in favor of the former colonial powers and identifies the ways in which these inform the identification and interpretation of (customary) international law. Yet we do not agree with some of the premises of Chimni's critique or his suggested remedies. In particular, we would like to offer a different perspective on the importance of power, the distinction between formal and material sources, and the legitimacy of his concept of postmodern custom.
Rome, Carthage, and Numidia: Diplomatic Favouritism before the Third Punic War
Authors: Bailey Colin
Published: November 2018

This article examines Rome’s diplomatic relations with Carthage and Numidia in the period between the Second and Third Punic Wars. Polybius’ suggestion that Rome consistently decided against Carthage in territorial disputes with Numidia in the aftermath of the Second Punic War (Polyb. 31.21.5-6) has often been taken up in explanations of the origins of the Third Punic War. Many ancient and modern accounts accept the implication of a policy of hostility against Carthage, assuming that Rome permitted and even encouraged Masinissa to infringe upon and seize Carthaginian territory. This paper, however, argues that the results of Roman arbitration between Carthage and Numidia do not show a consistent policy intended to undermine Carthage. Rather, Rome sought to maintain the territorial division which was imposed at the end of the Second Punic War throughout the inter-war period; several of its decisions were actually in favour of Carthage. The Third Punic War should not be seen as a culmination of a half-century of Roman hostility towards Carthage.
CIL6.16019 Rediscovered
Authors: Cadwallader Alan H.
Published: November 2018

The inscriptionCIL6.16019 has remained substantially dependent on an 1881 publication that has provided the fullest description of the inscription and a relief on a separate panel reported as found with it. Even though more recent analyses have adopted different lines of interpretation, there has been no new encounter with the actual panels. No photograph has been published and the inscription and relief were thought to be lost. This article announces that the inscription and relief have been located (in July 2016) and have been able to be photographed.
Contact-line singularities resolved exclusively by the Kelvin effect: volatile liquids in air
Authors: Rednikov A. Y. , Colinet P.
Published: November 2018

The contact line of a volatile liquid on a flat substrate is studied theoretically. We show that a remarkable result obtained for a pure-vapour atmosphere (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 87, 2013, 010401) also holds for an isothermal diffusion-limited vapour exchange with air. Namely, for both zero and finite Young’s angles, the motion- and phase-change-related contact-line singularities can in principle be regularised solely by the Kelvin effect (curvature dependence of saturation conditions). The latter prevents the curvature from diverging and rather leads to its versatile self-adjustment. To illustrate the point, the problem is resolved for a distinguished vicinity of the contact line (‘microregion’) in a ‘minimalist’ way, i.e. without any disjoining pressure, precursor film, Navier slip or any other microphysics. This also leads to the determination of the ‘Kelvin-only’ evaporation- and motion-induced apparent contact angles. With the Kelvin-only microscales actually turning out to be quite nanoscopic, other microphysics effects may nonetheless interfere too in reality. The Kelvin-only results will then yield a limiting case within such a more general formulation.
Dynamic drying transition via free-surface cusps
Authors: Kamal Catherine , Sprittles James E. , Snoeijer Jacco H. , Eggers Jens
Published: November 2018

We study air entrainment by a solid plate plunging into a viscous liquid, theoretically and numerically. At dimensionless speeds $Ca=U\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ of order unity, a near-cusp forms due to the presence of a moving contact line. The radius of curvature of the cusp’s tip scales with the slip length multiplied by an exponential of $-Ca$. The pressure from the air flow drawn inside the cusp leads to a bifurcation, at which air is entrained, i.e. there is ‘wetting failure’. We develop an analytical theory of the threshold to air entrainment, which predicts the critical capillary number to depend logarithmically on the viscosity ratio, with corrections coming from the slip in the gas phase.
Nonlinear influence of the Earth’s rotation on iceberg melting
Authors: Meroni Agostino N. , McConnochie Craig D. , Cenedese Claudia , Sutherland Bruce , Snow Kate
Published: November 2018

The calving of icebergs accounts for a significant fraction of the mass loss from both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Iceberg melting affects the water properties impacting sea ice formation, local circulation and biological activity. Laboratory experiments have investigated the effects of the Earth’s rotation on iceberg melting and the possible formation of Taylor columns (TCs) underneath icebergs. It is found that at high Rossby number,$Ro$, when rotation is weak compared to advection, iceberg melting is unaffected by the background rotation. As$Ro$decreases, the melt rate shows an increasing trend, which is expected to reverse for very low$Ro$. This behaviour is explained by considering the integrated horizontal velocity at the base of the iceberg. For moderate$Ro$, a partial TC is formed and its effective blocking accelerates the flow under the remainder of the iceberg, which increases the melt rate since the melting is proportional to the flow velocity. It is expected that for very low$Ro$the melt rate decreases because, with the expansion of the TC, the region of flow acceleration occurs away from the base of the iceberg. For low free stream velocity the freshwater produced by the ice melting introduces another dynamical effect. It is observed that there is a threshold free stream velocity below which the melt rate is constant. This is explained with the formation of a gravity current at the base of the iceberg that insulates it from the free flow and controls its melting.
THE UNIQUE CONTINUATION PROPERTY OF -HARMONIC FUNCTIONS ON THE HEISENBERG GROUP
Authors: LIU HAIRONG , LIU FANG , WU HUI
Published: November 2018

We introduce an Almgren frequency function of the sub-$p$-Laplace equation on the Heisenberg group to establish a doubling estimate under the assumption that the frequency function is locally bounded. From this, we obtain some partial results on unique continuation for the sub-$p$-Laplace equation.
AN EXACT ENTANGLING GATE USING FIBONACCI ANYONS
Authors: BIGELOW STEPHEN , LEVAILLANT CLAIRE
Published: November 2018

Fibonacci anyons are attractive for use in topological quantum computation because any unitary transformation of their state space can be approximated arbitrarily accurately by braiding. However, there is no known braid that entangles two qubits without leaving the space spanned by the two qubits. In other words, there is no known ‘leakage-free’ entangling gate made by braiding. In this paper, we provide a remedy to this problem by supplementing braiding with measurement operations in order to produce an exact controlled rotation gate on two qubits.
ON -QUASINORMAL SUBGROUPS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: HU BIN , HUANG JIANHONG , SKIBA ALEXANDER N.
Published: November 2018

Let
$G$
be a finite group and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}=\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}\mid i\in I\}$
some partition of the set of all primes
$\mathbb{P}$
, that is,
$\mathbb{P}=\bigcup _{i\in I}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}$
and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}\cap \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{j}=\emptyset$
for all
$i\neq j$
. We say that
$G$
is
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-primary if
$G$
is a
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}$
-group for some
$i$
. A subgroup
$A$
of
$G$
is said to be:
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-subnormal in

$G$
if there is a subgroup chain
$A=A_{0}\leq A_{1}\leq \cdots \leq A_{n}=G$
such that either
$A_{i-1}\unlhd A_{i}$
or
$A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}}$
is
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-primary for all
$i=1,\ldots ,n$
; modular in

$G$
if the following conditions hold: (i)
$\langle X,A\cap Z\rangle =\langle X,A\rangle \cap Z$
for all
$X\leq G,Z\leq G$
such that
$X\leq Z$
and (ii)
$\langle A,Y\cap Z\rangle =\langle A,Y\rangle \cap Z$
for all
$Y\leq G,Z\leq G$
such that
$A\leq Z$
; and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-quasinormal in

$G$
if
$A$
is modular and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-subnormal in
$G$
. We study
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-quasinormal subgroups of
$G$
. In particular, we prove that if a subgroup
$H$
of
$G$
is
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-quasinormal in
$G$
, then every chief factor
$H/K$
of
$G$
between
$H^{G}$
and
$H_{G}$
is
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-central in

$G$
, that is, the semidirect product
$(H/K)\rtimes (G/C_{G}(H/K))$
is
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$
-primary.
Consumption as Assimilation:New York TimesReporting on Native American Art and Commodities, 1950–1970
Authors: HUMALAJOKI REETTA
Published: November 2018

The appropriation of Indigenous cultures has sparked multiple controversies in the United States over the past decade. This phenomenon is not new, however. This article examinesNew York Timesreporting on Native American art and commodities to demonstrate how trends in consuming “Indian” products contributed to the assimilationist federal Indian policy of termination, between 1950 and 1970. In this period the consumption of items perceived as “Indian” shifted from an elite art collectors’ activity to a widespread fashion trend. Nevertheless,Timesreporting shows that throughout this era shopping for “Indian” items subsumed Indigenous cultures into the imagined unity of a national American identity.
Connecting research, management, education and policy for the conservation of armadillos in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia
Authors: Superina Mariella , Cortés Duarte Alexandra , Trujillo Fernando
Published: November 2018

Successful conservation actions require strategies that combine research, policy formulation and enforcement, practical interventions and education. Here we review the Armadillo Conservation Programme, which was initiated in 2012 as a pioneering multidisciplinary programme for the conservation and management of five armadillo species in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia. It is led by a multi-institutional alliance that ensures active participation of stakeholders during all stages of the programme. Six main threats affecting armadillo populations in the Llanos were identified, and these were addressed in the first joint action plan of two Colombian environmental authorities. Scientific research facilitated an increase in the knowledge available about the armadillos of the Llanos, and the recategorization of the northern long-nosed armadilloDasypus sabanicolaon the IUCN Red List. Threat evaluation and mitigation included the assessment of illegal bushmeat trade and consumption in local restaurants and the establishment of a certification label for restaurants that do not sell wild meat. Multiple strategies were used to raise awareness about armadillos and position them as flagship species for the Llanos, including education programmes in schools, travelling exhibitions, talks at universities, and the publication of several books. The local communities were actively involved through a network of private reserves committed to the conservation of armadillos, in which armadillos are protected from poaching and monitored by farmers. Breeding and rehabilitation facilities were established that can host confiscated armadillos and raise awareness among the local communities. This case study shows that conservation programmes targeted at inconspicuous and poorly known species can be successful.
Risk and coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kei-Lin , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng-Ta , Lin Wei-Chen , Tsai Shih-Jen , Cheng Chih-Ming , Chang Wen-Han , Pan Tai-Long , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Bai Ya-Mei
Published: November 2018

Background

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable mental illness that transmits intergeneratively. Previous studies supported that first-degree relatives (FDRs), such as parents, offspring, and siblings, of patients with bipolar disorder, had a higher risk of bipolar disorder. However, whether FDRs of bipolar patients have an increased risk of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unclear.

Methods

Among the entire population in Taiwan, 87 639 patients with bipolar disorder and 188 290 FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were identified in our study. The relative risks (RRs) of major psychiatric disorders were assessed among FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.

Results

FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to have a higher risk of major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (RR 6.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.95–6.30), MDD (RR 2.89, 95% CI 2.82–2.96), schizophrenia (RR 2.64, 95% CI 2.55–2.73), ADHD (RR 2.21, 95% CI 2.13–2.30), and ASD (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.92–2.29), than the total population did. These increased risks for major psychiatric disorders were consistent across different familial kinships, such as parents, offspring, siblings, and twins. A dose-dependent relationship was also found between risk of each major psychiatric disorder and numbers of bipolar patients.

Conclusions

Our study was the first study to support the familial coaggregation of bipolar disorder with other major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, MDD, ADHD, and ASD, in a Taiwanese (non-Caucasian) population. Given the elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders, the public health government should pay more attention to the mental health of FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.
If ‘The World Was Ruled by Artists’: The 1967 International Theatre Institute World Congress and Cold War Leadership
Authors: CANNING CHARLOTTE M.
Published: November 2018

The Twelfth International Theatre Institute (ITI) World Congress met in New York City over 4–10 June 1967 at the same time as the Arab–Israeli War was taking place. This context very much framed the delegates’ debates over the idea of artists as national leaders. One panel in particular, The Responsibility of Theatre to the Progress of Society, on Friday 8 June, offered an opportunity for the delegates to wrestle with the concept. The participants focused on three key questions: how audiences were witnesses to national reinvention, how theatre could serve as a pedagogical form, and how the intersection of these two allowed audiences to see themselves as citizens. This article focuses first on ITI's place in the geopolitical moment and then on the contributions during the conference and after by a specific set of artists from diverse countries, including the US, India, France, Morocco and Nigeria. The conversations represented a profound articulation of how theatre was influencing the complex ways in which nations were identifying and defining themselves and their citizens.
No ‘Thing to Wear’: A Brief History of Kimono and Inappropriation from Japonisme to Kimono Protests
Authors: CARRIGER MICHELLE LIU
Published: November 2018

In June 2015, a small strange protest erupted in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, around a sumptuous red kimono, provided to visitors to try on and emulate the 1876 painting La Japonaise, by Claude Monet. Protesters named themselves Decolonize Our Museums and took to the gallery and social media with strident messages condemning the Kimono Wednesdays try-on activity as racist, orientalist appropriation; soon after, counterprotesters faced off, defending the programme for sharing Japanese culture with the community. In this article, I consider the kimono protests as part of a history of kimono, internationally created yet indelibly marked as Japanese. In this context, the kimono protests provide an occasion to consider the ramifications of contemporary debates about cultural appropriation and appreciation. Through a performance-theory inflected analysis I propose a theatrical ethic of ‘inappropriation’ as a means of moving discourse and public performances of culture beyond the stultifying binaries of right/wrong or appreciation/appropriation.