bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of the management of pars flaccida tympanic membrane retractions without cholesteatoma
Authors: Bateman Laura , Borsetto Daniele , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Mochloulis George , Vijendren Ananth
Published: July 2023

Objective

Review the effectiveness of surgical and non‐surgical management strategies for isolated pars flaccida and combined pars tensa and flaccida tympanic membrane retractions in preventing progression or recurrence, improving hearing and preventing development of cholesteatoma.

Design

Narrative review.

Setting

ENT and otology services worldwide.

Participants

Patients with non‐cholesteatoma tympanic membrane retractions.

Main Ouctome measure

Changes in retraction (progression or resolution, or development of a known sequela such as perforation).

Results

Eight full text papers are included: three randomised controlled trials and five case series or cohort studies of more than five patients (a total of 238 ears). Data exists for the use of conservative management, ventilation tubes, laser tympanoplasty, cartilage and fascia tympanoplasty, lateral attic reconstruction as well as mastoid procedures.

Conclusion

Few high‐quality studies on the management of isolated and combined pars flaccida retractions exist. For isolated pars flaccida retractions deemed to require surgical intervention, this review suggests that lateral attic reconstruction and cartilage tympanoplasty carries least risk of recurrence.
Computation of persistent homology on streaming data using topological data summaries
Authors: Moitra Anindya , Malott Nicholas O. , Wilsey Philip A.
Published: July 2023

Persistent homology is a computationally intensive and yet extremely powerful tool for Topological Data Analysis. Applying the tool on potentially infinite sequence of data objects is a challenging task. For this reason, persistent homology and data stream mining have long been two important but disjoint areas of data science. The first computational model, that was recently introduced to bridge the gap between the two areas, is useful for detecting steady or gradual changes in data streams, such as certain genomic modifications during the evolution of species. However, that model is not suitable for applications that encounter abrupt changes of extremely short duration. This paper presents another model for computing persistent homology on streaming data that addresses the shortcoming of the previous work. The model is validated on the important real‐world application of network anomaly detection. It is shown that in addition to detecting the occurrence of anomalies or attacks in computer networks, the proposed model is able to visually identify several types of traffic. Moreover, the model can accurately detect abrupt changes of extremely short as well as longer duration in the network traffic. These capabilities are not achievable by the previous model or by traditional data mining techniques.
Analysis of risk factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with severe burn injury
Authors: Xiao Kui , Chen Wen Xin , Li Xiao Jian
Published: July 2023

Background

Mechanical ventilation is an essential means of life support for patients with severe burns. However, prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) increases the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay. Therefore, studying the risk factors of mechanical ventilation duration is of great significance for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation, reducing related complications, and improving the success rate of severe burn treatment.

Method

This study was a retrospective study of patients with burns ≥30% of the area admitted to the BICU of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital affiliated with Jinan University from January 2016 to January 2023 who were mechanically ventilated. Patients were classified into the prolonged mechanical ventilation group if they were mechanically ventilated for ≥21 days. Then, independent risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation were determined by logistic regression analysis of the collected data.

Result

Of all the 112 enrolled patients, 79 had prolonged mechanical ventilation, with an incidence of 70.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that including abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI%) (P < 0.001), moderate and severe inhalation injury (P = 0.005, P = 0.044), albumin (P = 0.032), lactic acid (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. In addition, ventilator‐related complications were 44% in the PMV group and 21% in the non‐PMV group.

Conclusion

ABSI%, inhalation injury, albumin, and lactic acid on admission are the risk factors for PMV in severe burn patients. In addition, ventilator‐related complications were higher in group PMV than in group non‐PMV in our study.
Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004–2019
Authors: Torney Alexandra , Room Robin , Jiang Heng , Livingston Michael , Callinan Sarah
Published: July 2023

Introduction

After a period of stagnation, alcohol policy in Australia has received increased attention in the past decade, with Sydney's lockout laws and Queensland's restrictions on trading hours garnering media attention. This study will investigate any changing trends in support towards alcohol policy and identify any demographic‐specific shifts.

Methods

Respondents from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (conducted every 3 years from 2004 to 2019) were asked to gauge their level of support for 16 alcohol policy items proposed to reduce the problems associated with excessive alcohol use. Mean levels of support for various policy options, as well as demographic predictors of support, were assessed.

Results

After an increase from 2004 to 2013, support for more evidence‐based policies on alcohol (e.g., restricting the availability of alcohol) has decreased since 2013. Support for policy items that focus less on the restriction of the availability of alcohol and more on education remained relatively stable in comparison. While demographic groups continue to vary in their extent of support, shifts appear to be occurring fairly uniformly across sex, age, states and drinking groups.

Discussion and Conclusions

Support for public health‐oriented alcohol policies has been decreasing since 2013. The introduction of high‐profile policies and less of a media focus on alcohol may be contributing to decreases in support.
Routinary PET/CT imaging for oncological surveillance accompanied by echocardiography may identify early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A case report
Authors: Michel‐Vázquez Ana Danissa , Luna‐Alcala Santiago , Guerra Enrique C. , Proaño‐Bernal Leonardo , Cabello‐Ganem Aldo , Aparicio‐Ortiz Alexis D. , Espinola‐Zavaleta Nilda
Published: July 2023

Atherosclerosis is a disease where plaque builds up in arteries, resulting in harmful cardiovascular events. Inflammation has a significant role in its progression, starting from the initial stages. Cancer patients, due to their constant exposure to inflammatory processes caused by treatments or illnesses, are at a higher risk of developing this condition. Arterial inflammation can be quantified with 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging. In this case report, we propose that routinary PET/CT imaging for oncological surveillance could be useful for cardiovascular risk stratification by reviewing a case of a patient with breast cancer whose imaging study revealed arterial inflammation and a subsequent echocardiogram evidenced grade II diastolic dysfunction (potentially, an initial manifestation of the ischemic cascade).
Assessment of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular systolic function by three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Nahar Nurun , Haque Tuhin , kabiruzzaman Mohammad , Khan Mohammad Abdul Mazid , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Malik Fazila‐tun‐nesa
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling can occur as a result of aortic valve stenosis (AS). Three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE) can detect early left ventricular myocardial dysfunction even before ejection fraction declines. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between various myocardial strain parameters measured by 3D‐STE in asymptomatic severe AS patients from Bangladesh.

Methods

This study included 46 patients with asymptomatic severe AS but preserved LV systolic function (mean age 50.11 ± 12.66 years, LVEF 63.78 ± 3.95%, AS group) and 33 healthy subjects with no cardiovascular disease (mean age 48.21 ± 4.53 years, LVEF 65.15 ± 3.13%, control group). 3D‐STE was used to measure left ventricular global myocardial strain parameters such as peak systolic longitudinal strain (PSLS), circumferential strain, radial strain, and area strain.

Results

The AS group had significantly thicker interventricular septum and posterior ventricular wall than the control group (1.49 ± .19 cm vs. .81 ± .09 cm, p < .001; 1.73 ± 1.71 cm vs. .81 ± .10 cm, p = .003, respectively.) In the AS group, the Indexed Aortic Valve Area (AVA) was significantly lower than in the control group. (.29 ± .10 vs. 2.03 ± .18, p < .001, respectively). In terms of LVEF (p = .102), left ventricular end diastolic volume (p = .075), or left ventricular end systolic volume (p = .092), no significant inter‐group difference was found. However, global PSLS (−10.75 ± 2.27 vs. −16.42 ± 2.76, p < .001), circumferential strain (−14.26 ± 3.40 vs. −16.64 ± 2.56, p = .001), area strain (−22.70 ± 4.19 vs. −26.45 ± 9.90, p = .024) and radial strain (32.20 ± 8.77 vs. 41.00 ± 7.52, p < .001) in the AS group were significantly lower than in the control group.

Conclusion

Our findings showed reductions in left ventricular global myocardial strains, particularly PSLS in patients suffering from asymptomatic severe AS in Bangladesh; this is consistent with other studies. Reduced area strain, detectable with 3D‐STE, is also consistent with that pattern.
Catches of Euxoa tritici in pheromone traps for Anarsia lineatella are due to the presence of (Z)‐5‐decenyl acetate as an impurity
Authors: Nagy Antal , Szarukán István , Bohman Björn , Szanyi Szabolcs , Kozák Lajos , Szilágyi Arnold , Imrei Zoltán , Vuts József , Matula Eszter , Varga Zoltán , Tóth Miklós
Published: July 2023

Traps baited with the synthetic pheromone of Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) frequently captured also Euxoa tritici L. males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in field tests in Hungary. As (E)‐monounsaturated compounds are uncommon among sex attractants or pheromone components of Noctuidae, it was hypothesized that the Euxoa catches may have been due to impurities of the (Z) isomer in synthetic (E)‐5‐decenyl acetate, which is the major component in the pheromone lure of A. lineatella. Traps baited with synthetic (Z)‐5‐decenyl acetate captured large numbers of E. tritici, and the compound showed a clear dose–response effect. Reanalysis of the synthetic batch of (E)‐5‐decenyl acetate used in preparation of the A. lineatella lure showed the presence of 10% of the (Z) isomer. Traps baited with synthetic (Z)‐5‐decenyl acetate can be used in the future for detection and monitoring purposes of E. tritici, a widely distributed pest of cereals and other field crops. The compound also showed attraction of Euxoa seliginis Duponchel.
Inflammation biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke according to different etiologies
Authors: Meisinger Christa , Freuer Dennis , Schmitz Timo , Ertl Michael , Zickler Philipp , Naumann Markus , Linseisen Jakob
Published: July 2023

Background

High throughput technologies provide new opportunities to further investigate the pathophysiology of ischemic strokes. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate potential associations between the etiologic subtypes of ischemic stroke and blood‐based proteins.

Methods

We investigated the associations between ischemic stroke subtypes and a panel of circulating inflammation biomarkers in 364 patients included in the Stroke Cohort Augsburg (SCHANA). Stroke etiologies were categorized according to the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification. Serum concentrations of 52 biomarkers were measured using the Bio‐Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening Panel, ICAM‐1 set and VCAM‐1 set, plus the Pro™ Human TH17 cytokine sCD40L set and IL31 set (all Bio‐Rad, USA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations. Point estimates were calculated as the mean difference in ‐standardized cytokine levels on the log2‐scale.

Results

Stromal‐cell‐derived‐factor 1 alpha (SDF‐1a) showed significantly higher serum levels in cardioembolic compared with large vessel atherosclerotic stroke (β = 0.48; 95% CI 0.22; 0.75; Padj = 0.036). Significantly lower levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (β = −0.53; 95% CI −0.84; −0.23; Padj = 0.036) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (β = −0.52; 95% CI −0.84; −0.21; Padj = 0.043) were found in the small vessel versus large vessel stroke subtype.

Conclusions

Immune dysregulations observed in different stroke subtypes might help uncover pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Further studies are needed to validate identified biomarkers in diverse study populations before they can potentially be used in clinical practice to further improve stroke management and patient outcomes.
Statistical guidance provided to authors by clinical neurology and neuroscience journals
Authors: Tumma Sanjana , Sonneborn Claire , Padate Aishwarya , Hogue Olivia
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

Transparent reporting and appropriate interpretation of statistical methods and results are important to facilitate scientific evaluation and enable future replication. The goal of this study was to describe statistical reporting guidance provided to authors by clinical neurology and neuroscience journals.

Methods

For first‐quartile journals in each discipline (per Clarivate InCites), information collected from Instructions to Authors website sections included whether journals required presentation of sample size justification, estimates of precision, and method of checking assumptions; and guidance for interpretation of p‐values and appropriate presentation of descriptive statistics and graphs. Journal endorsement of common but statistically nonspecific published transparent reporting guidelines for human and animal research was also collected, to capture the select statistical reporting items included in each guideline.

Results

Journals (n = 85) frequently did not require/recommend sample size justifications (15% not required; 62% only required per external transparent reporting guideline), estimates of precision (15% not required; 41% only required per external guidelines), or disclosure of method of checking assumptions (46%); nor provide guidance for reporting/interpretation of p‐values (71%), reporting of descriptive statistics (75%), or use of appropriate graphs (92%). Endorsement of statistically nonspecific standalone reporting guidelines ranged between 52% and 68%, depending on the guideline.

Conclusions

There is opportunity for journals to facilitate improvement in transparency of statistical methods and results for clinical neurology and neuroscience studies by providing guidelines and advice to authors at manuscript submission.
Reaction mechanism and kinetics of the two‐component flavoprotein dimethyl sulfone monooxygenase system: Using hydrogen peroxide for monooxygenation and substrate cleavage
Authors: Mangkalee Montisa , Oonanant Worrapoj , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Pimviriyakul Panu , Tinikul Ruchanok , Chaiyen Pimchai , Insin Numpon , Sucharitakul Jeerus
Published: July 2023

The dimethyl sulfone monooxygenase system is a two‐component flavoprotein, catalyzing the monooxygenation of dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) by oxidative cleavage producing methanesulfinate and formaldehyde. The reductase component (DMSR) is a flavoprotein with FMN as a cofactor, catalyzing flavin reduction using NADH. The monooxygenase (DMSMO) uses reduced flavin from the reductase and oxygen for substrate monooxygenation. DMSMO can bind to FMN and FMNH− with a Kd of 17.4 ± 0.9 μm and 4.08 ± 0.8 μm, respectively. The binding of FMN to DMSMO is required prior to binding DMSO2. This also applies to the fast binding of reduced FMN to DMSMO followed by DMSO2. Substituting reduced DMSR with FMNH− demonstrated the same oxidation kinetics, indicating that FMNH− from DMSR was transferred to DMSMO. The oxidation of FMNH−:DMSMO, with and without DMSO2 did not generate any flavin adducts for monooxygenation. Therefore, H2O2 is likely to be the reactive agent to attack the substrate. The H2O2 assay results demonstrated production of H2O2 from the oxidation of FMNH−:DMSMO, whereas H2O2 was not detected in the presence of DMSO2, confirming H2O2 utilization. The rate constant for methanesulfinate formation determined from rapid quenched flow and the rate constant for flavin oxidation were similar, indicating that H2O2 rapidly reacts with DMSO2, with flavin oxidation as the rate‐limiting step. This is the first report of the kinetic mechanisms of both components using rapid kinetics and of a method for methanesulfinate detection using LC–MS.
Partner‐seeking and limbic dopamine system are enhanced following social loss in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Vitale Erika M. , Kirckof Adrianna , Smith Adam S.
Published: July 2023

Death of a loved one is recognized as one of life's greatest stresses, and 10%–20% of bereaved individuals will experience a complicated or prolonged grieving period that is characterized by intense yearning for the deceased. The monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a rodent species that forms pair bonds between breeding partners and has been used to study the neurobiology of social behaviors and isolation. Male prairie voles do not display distress after isolation from a familiar, same‐sex conspecific; however, separation from a bonded female partner increases emotional, stress‐related, and proximity‐seeking behaviors. Here, we tested the investigatory response of male voles to partner odor during a period of social loss. We found that males who lost their partner spent significantly more time investigating partner odor but not non‐partner social odor or food odor. Bachelor males and males in intact pairings did not respond uniquely to any odor. Furthermore, we examined dopamine (DA) receptor mRNA expression in the anterior insula cortex (aIC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and anterior cingulate (ACC), regions with higher activation in grieving humans. While we found some effects of relationship type on DRD1 and DRD2 expression in some of these regions, loss of a high‐quality opposite‐sex relationship had a significant effect on DA receptor expression, with pair‐bonded/loss males having higher expression in the aIC and ACC compared with pair‐bonded/intact and nonbonded/loss males. Together, these data suggest that both relationship type and relationship quality affect reunion‐seeking behavior and motivational neurocircuits following social loss of a bonded partner.
Harnessing the conditioned pain modulation response in migraine diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment—A narrative review
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas , Callahan David , Darken Rachel , Haroutounian Simon
Published: July 2023

Objective

To present the potential use and relevance of the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response to migraine diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment.

Background

The CPM response is a widely used laboratory test to examine inhibitory pain modulation capabilities.

Methods

This narrative review summarizes and synthesizes the findings on the CPM response in patients with migraine.

Results

For diagnosis, we summarized the studies comparing CPM responses between patients with migraine and individuals without migraine or with other headache syndromes, as well as between patients with subtypes of migraine. For prediction, we summarized the studies utilizing the CPM response to predict migraine outcome, such as response to interventions. For treatment, we described a device that utilizes the CPM response for acute and preventative migraine treatment. In addition, we suggest the requirements needed for the CPM response to be used for migraine diagnosis, outcome prediction, and treatment.

Conclusions

Although more research is needed, the CPM response could be a useful tool for improving migraine management.
Antecedents and outcomes of work engagement among nursing staff in long‐term care facilities—A systematic review
Authors: Midje Hilde Hovda , Nyborg Vibeke Narverud , Nordsteien Anita , Øvergård Kjell Ivar , Brembo Espen Andreas , Torp Steffen
Published: July 2023

Aim

To determine antecedents and outcomes of work engagement (WE) among nursing staff in long‐term care (LTC) using the Job Demand‐Resources model.

Design

A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis statement and Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis in systematic reviews guideline. A study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022336736).

Data Sources

The initial searches were performed in PsycInfo, Medline, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL and Scopus and yielded 3050 unique publications. Updated searches identified another 335 publications. Sixteen studies published from 2010 to 2022 were included.

Review Methods

The screening of titles and abstracts, and subsequently full‐text publications, was performed blinded by two author teams using the inclusion/exclusion criteria. When needed, a mutual consensus was obtained through discussion within and across the teams. A descriptive and narrative synthesis without a meta‐analysis of the included studies was performed.

Results

The extent of research on WE in LTC facilities is limited and the factors examined are heterogeneous. Of forty‐two unique antecedents and outcomes, only three factors were assessed in three or more studies. Antecedents—in particular job resources—are more commonly examined than outcomes.

Conclusion

Existing literature offers scant evidence on antecedents and outcomes of WE among nursing staff in LTC facilities. Social support, learning and development opportunities and person‐centred processes are the most examined factors, yet with ambiguous results.

Impact

Antecedents and outcomes of engagement among nursing staff in LTC facilities have not previously been reviewed systematically. Engagement has been correlated with both more efficient and higher‐quality service delivery. Our findings suggest opportunities to improve health and care services by enhancing engagement, whilst at the same time better caring for employees. This study lays the groundwork for more detailed research into the contributing factors and potential results of increasing caregivers' engagement.

No patient or public contribution.
Local recurrence risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma due to intralesional damage during endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Minamide Tatsunori , Kawata Noboru , Maeda Yuki , Yoshida Masao , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ashizawa Hiroshi , Takada Kazunori , Kishida Yoshihiro , Ito Sayo , Imai Kenichiro , Hotta Kinichi , Sato Junya , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Sugino Takashi , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim

It is unclear whether additional treatment should be considered given the recurrence risk after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) when the vertical margin is positive or unclear (VM1/VMX) due to intralesional damage. This study aimed to elucidate the local recurrence risk of ESCC caused by intralesional damage during ESD.

Methods

Among consecutive patients with pT1a ESCCs initially treated by ESD at our institution between January 2006 and December 2018, ESCCs diagnosed as VM1/VMX were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria were piecemeal resection and any additional treatment after ESD. Intralesional damage included the following three types: a macroscopic hole inside the lesion, an incision from the lateral margin of the specimen into the lesion, and crushing injury or burn effect into the deepest area of the lesion without an obvious hole. The local recurrence rate after ESD was primarily analyzed.

Results

Of 1174 pT1a ESCCs initially treated using ESD, 22 lesions were histopathologically diagnosed as VM1/VMX due to intralesional damage (1.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.8%). At a median follow‐up period of 60.0 (interquartile range, 15.0–84.0) months, no local recurrence was observed (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0–13.3%) among 21 lesions finally evaluated.

Conclusions

The impact of intralesional damage during ESD for ESCC on local recurrence might be negligible. Follow‐up without additional treatment may be acceptable even if intralesional damage occurs and results in VM1/VMX after ESD for pT1a ESCCs.
Does the Government Spending Multiplier Depend on the Business Cycle?
Authors: LAUMER SEBASTIAN , PHILIPPS COLLIN
Published: July 2023

We investigate the state dependency of the government spending multiplier across the business cycle using a nonlinear two‐regime VAR model. We find little evidence that multipliers vary between expansionary and recessionary periods. This is because the state of the business cycle itself changes after government spending shocks and converges toward a similar state. This result holds true regardless of how we model the business cycle. Our analysis shows that assumptions about the economic state built into linear impulse response functions are the key driver of the state dependency reported elsewhere in the literature.
Identifying genetic loci that are associated with changes in gene expression in PTSD in a South African cohort
Authors: Swart Patricia C. , Du Plessis Morne , Rust Carlien , Womersley Jacqueline S. , van den Heuvel Leigh L. , Seedat Soraya , Hemmings Sian M. J.
Published: July 2023

The molecular mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are yet to be fully elucidated, especially in underrepresented population groups. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are DNA sequence variants that influence gene expression, in a local (cis‐) or distal (trans‐) manner, and subsequently impact cellular, tissue, and system physiology. This study aims to identify genetic loci associated with gene expression changes in a South African PTSD cohort. Genome‐wide genotype and RNA‐sequencing data were obtained from 32 trauma‐exposed controls and 35 PTSD cases of mixed‐ancestry, as part of the SHARED ROOTS project. The first approach utilised 108 937 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (MAF > 10%) and 11 312 genes with Matrix eQTL to map potential eQTLs, while controlling for covariates as appropriate. The second analysis was focused on 5638 SNPs related to a previously calculated PTSD polygenic risk score for this cohort. SNP‐gene pairs were considered eQTLs if they surpassed Bonferroni correction and had a false discovery rate <0.05. We did not identify eQTLs that significantly influenced gene expression in a PTSD‐dependent manner. However, several known cis‐eQTLs, independent of PTSD diagnosis, were observed. rs8521 (C > T) was associated with TAGLN and SIDT2 expression, and rs11085906 (C > T) was associated with ZNF333 expression. This exploratory study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with PTSD in a non‐European, admixed sample population. This study was limited by the cross‐sectional design and insufficient statistical power. Overall, this study should encourage further multi‐omics approaches towards investigating PTSD in diverse populations.

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Repeated transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: An initial Chinese experience
Authors: Feng Dan , Liu Tianjiao , Li Xin , Peng Jieru , Huang Lu , He Li
Published: July 2023

Aims

To investigate the perioperative outcomes and sexual function of patients undergoing repeated transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES).

Methods

We retrieved the records of patients who underwent vNOTES twice at our institute between April 2019 and December 2022 and analyzed their baseline information and perioperative complications, and compared the pre‐ and postoperative sexual function of both vNOTES.

Results

Patients' mean age and body mass index were 29.00 ± 3.59 and 30.4 ± 4.00 years and 21.89 ± 3.69 and 22.76 ± 3.88 kg/m2, respectively, when receiving the first and second vNOTES. Ectopic pregnancy was the most frequent indication for vNOTES, with 7 cases in the first vNOTES and 11 cases in repeated vNOTES. The interval between the two vNOTESs ranged from 9 days to 38 months. The operation duration (63.33 ± 13.71 vs. 67.33 ± 22.51 min, p = 0.723), intraoperative estimated blood loss (32.00 ± 20.42 vs. 30.00 ± 9.26 mL, p = 0.429), and duration of postoperative hospital stay (2.20 ± 0.56 vs. 2.40 ± 0.51 days, p = 0.082) of both vNOTESs were comparable. No significant differences were found in any of the domains in the comparison of pre‐first and post‐first vNOTES, pre‐second and post‐second vNOTES, and pre‐first and post‐second vNOTES female sexual function index. None of the patients delivered after the second vNOTES.

Conclusion

Repeated vNOTES is safe and feasible. No significant change in the patients' sexual function was found in our cohort after the first and second vNOTES.
Incidence and determinants of venous thromboembolism over 90 days in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Tholin Birgitte , Ghanima Waleed , Selle Maria Lie , Stavem Knut
Published: July 2023

Introduction

COVID‐19 is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but there is great variation among reported incidence rates. Most previous studies have focused on hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, and only a few reports are from population‐based registries.

Methods

We studied the 90‐day incidence of VTE, associated risk factors and all‐cause mortality in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID‐19 in a nationwide cohort. Data on hospitalizations and outpatient visits were extracted from two national registries with mandatory reporting linked by a unique national identification number carried by all Norwegian residents. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to determine risk factors for VTE after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2.

Results

Our study included 30,495 patients with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction with a mean (SD) age of 41.9 (17.3) years, and 53% were males. Only 2081 (6.8%) were hospitalized. The 90‐day incidence of VTE was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.21–0.33) overall and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.3–3.7) in hospitalized patients. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28 per decade, 95% CI: 1.11–1.48, p < 0.05), history of previous VTE (HR 4.69, 95% CI: 2.34–9.40, p < 0.05), and hospitalization for COVID‐19 (HR 23.83, 95% CI: 13.48–42.13, p < 0.05) were associated with risk of VTE.

Conclusions

The 90‐day incidence of VTE in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with COVID‐19 was in the lower end compared with previous reports, with considerably higher rates in hospitalized than nonhospitalized patients. Risk factors for VTE were consistent with previously reported studies.
Sex‐specific mercury levels in skin samples of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Isla 25 de Mayo (King George Island), Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Barragán‐Barrera Dalia C. , Riet‐Sapriza Federico G. , Mojica‐Moncada Diego F. , Negrete Javier , Curtosi Antonio , Bustamante Paco , Caballero Susana , Luna‐Acosta Andrea
Published: July 2023

The southern elephant seal (SES; Mirounga leonina) has a circumpolar distribution, breeding mainly on sub‐Antarctic islands and making long trips between breeding or molting and foraging areas. Most individuals from colonies in the South Shetland Islands (western Antarctic Peninsula; WAP) are distributed in Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPA). Despite these protected habitats, pollutants can reach such remote areas far away from emission sources, affecting local fauna. To assess possible mercury (Hg) contamination in SES, we analyzed skin samples collected from free‐ranging molting individuals using the remote biopsy PAXARMS system in Isla 25 de Mayo/King George Island (62°15′S, 58°39′W; ASPA 132). Hairless skin samples were analyzed to determine total‐Hg (THg) concentrations, which ranged between 145 ng/g and 1,915 ng/g (M = 730, SD = 388 ng/g), showing significant differences between sexes, with adult‐females having higher concentrations (range = 306–1,915, M = 859, SD = 427 ng/g dw) than subadult‐males (range = 145–1,645, M = 629, SD = 329 ng/g dw). These differences may be explained mainly by feeding‐niche partitioning between sexes. Females prefer mesopelagic prey or prey associated with sea‐ice in the WAP, which are enriched in methylmercury. These results provide insight regarding Hg contamination in top Antarctic predators like SES, and the need to monitor for potential effects of Hg contamination in Antarctic marine mammals.
Social and community structure of striped dolphins in a semienclosed Mediterranean embayment
Authors: Bonizzoni Silvia , Santostasi Nina Luisa , Eddy Lavinia , Riley Melissa Ann , Ferreira da Silveira Mariana , Würsig Bernd , Bearzi Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Descriptions of social structure of a species or population help to understand the processes that shaped its social system, and such knowledge can be valuable in terms of conservation planning. While striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba are among the most abundant cetacean species worldwide, and the most abundant in the Mediterranean Sea, their social and community structure is poorly known. This study investigates the association patterns of a population inhabiting the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. A total of 501 individuals were photo‐identified across 7 years (2011–2017). Groups were significantly larger (M = 44.7, SD = 46.3) than those studied to date in other Mediterranean areas. Association analyses in SOCPROG relied on the time and position metadata of dorsal fin photographs. Results indicated a single community characterized by nonrandom associations and a loose clustering of individuals (best division into clusters corresponded to an association index of 0.02). The high degree of social cohesion may result in part from geographic isolation within a semienclosed basin. This information can inform management action to protect a demographically isolated population classified as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, within a European Union Site of Community Importance regarded as an Important Marine Mammal Area (IMMA).
Association between the COVID‐19 pandemic, caregiving burden, and quality of life of caregivers of people with dementia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Choi Min‐Jung , Seo Hyun‐Ju , Choo IL Han , Kim Jeong Lan , Park Jeong‐Min
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to examine the association of COVID‐19‐related stress, anxiety, access to public healthcare services, and the presence of secondary caregivers (CGs) on the burden of caregiving and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) for CGs of people with dementia (PwD). A cross‐sectional survey with 218 family CGs for PwD was completed in various settings between August and September 2021. The CGs had moderate and severe stress (42.7%) and reported having difficulty accessing public healthcare services (51.8%) and receiving help from secondary CGs (42.7%). In the multivariable linear regression, the stress and anxiety levels related to COVID‐19 had a positive association with caregiver burden (β = 4.25, p < 0.001, and β = 5.73, p = 0.032, respectively), with no statistically significant association to HRQoL. Unexpectedly, accessing public healthcare services and supporting the secondary CGs were unrelated to the caregiving burden and HRQoL. Therefore, interventions aiming to alleviate family CGs' stress and anxiety levels should be provided to ensure PwD live in their homes in terms of continuity of public health service delivery.
Effect of functional appliances on sleep‐disordered breathing in Class II division 1 malocclusion children: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Radwan E. S. , Maher A. , Montasser M. A.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to investigate the orthopaedic effect of functional appliances on the pharyngeal airway space and nocturnal breathing of children with skeletal class II due to mandibular retrusion.

Materials and Methods

Forty patients were randomized into a 1:1 ratio study (Twin block) group and a control (fixed appliance) group. Each group included equal numbers of boys and girls. Diagnosis with sleep‐disordered breathing was not an inclusion criterion. The duration of the trial was 12 months (T0 ‐ T12). Eligibility criteria included skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism, SNA ≥82, SNB ≤78, ANB ≥4, overjet ≥6 mm, and patients in circumpubertal stage CVM2 and CVM3. The main outcomes were pharyngeal airway volume, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), while the secondary outcomes were skeletal and dental changes of the maxilla and mandible. Randomization was accomplished with random blocks of 20 patients with allocation concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque, and sealed envelopes. Blinding was only applicable for data analysis of radiographic measurements and data extracted from the pulse oximeter.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 10 ± 1.5 and 10 ± 1.2 at (T0) for the Twin Block and the control groups, respectively. The changes in the oropharyngeal (2.66 cc and 0.056; P = .03) and nasopharyngeal (1.3 cc and 0.84; P = .053) airway volumes for the Twin block and control groups, respectively, were significantly different for the oropharynx. There was a significant decrease in ODI by [median −3.55 (−5.05 to 0.50); P ≤ .001] and a significant increase [median 45 (0.0–110); P ≤ .001] in MEP for the Twin block group. A significant inverse correlation (r = −.589; P = .006) could be found between the total volume of the oropharynx and ODI. No serious harm was observed.

Conclusions

The Twin block group showed significant change in oropharyngeal airway volume and improvement of nocturnal breathing.

Registration

This trial was registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT04255511.
Effect of acupuncture on regulating IL‐17, TNF‐ɑ and AQPs in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Liu Ruihua , Zhang Yi , Li Kesong , Xu Haodong , Cheng Zengyu , Pang Fengtao , Wu Hengbo , Guo Zilin , He Jiale , Tang Xiaopo , Zhou Xinyao , Jiang Quan
Published: July 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to observe the effect of acupuncture on regulating interleukin (IL)‐17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ɑ, and aquaporins (AQPs) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) on patients and on non‐obese diabetic (NOD) models.

Methods

Levels of anti‐AQP 1, 5, 8, and 9 antibodies, IL‐17, and TNF‐ɑ in the serum of SS patients were compared prior and following 20 acupuncture treatment visits during 8 weeks. While in murine model, five groups were divided to receive interventions for 4 weeks, including control, model, acupuncture, isoflurane, and hydroxychloroquine. The submaxillofacial gland index, histology, immunohistochemistry of AQP1, 5, salivary flow, together with IL‐17, and TNF‐ɑ expression in peripheral blood were compared among the groups.

Results

Acupuncture reduced IL‐17, TNF‐ɑ, and immunoglobin A levels, and numeric analog scale of dryness in 14 patients with SS (p < 0.05). The salivary flow was increased, and the water intake decreased in NOD mice receiving acupuncture treatments. IL‐17 and TNF‐ɑ levels in peripheral serum were down‐regulated (p < 0.05) and AQP1, 5 expression in the submandibular glands up‐regulated in mice.

Conclusion

The effect on relieving xerostomia with acupuncture may be achieved by up‐regulating the expression of AQP1. AQP5, down‐regulating levels of IL‐17 and TNF‐ɑ, and a decrease in inflammation of glands.
Exploring informal caregivers' well‐being during COVID‐19 through online discussion forums
Authors: Lindroos Anni , Douglas‐Smith Nicola
Published: July 2023

Background

COVID‐19 has increased pressures on caregivers, disruptions to health services and increased health concerns during COVID‐19. Reports have been made on informal carers’ increased workload and limited support services during the pandemic.

Aims

This study aimed to explore how informal caregivers experienced their well‐being during COVID‐19 through online discussion forums.

Materials and Methods

A reflexive thematic analysis characterised by theoretical flexibility, organic inductive coding processes and theme development was conducted on online discussion forums. The method highlighted theme reviewing which was done twice to encourage data reflection. The project was conducted on a novel topic which was a new area of research interest. Semantic coding where participants’ words were used directly in the interpretation and construction of themes was used.

Results

In the theme ‘Locked in or locked away’ caregivers worried about continuing care at home, due to limited freedom and worries of hiring help during a pandemic. Some expressed worries about visitation rights and grief of not being present with a loved one if they would reside in a care home. The theme ‘Nothing left to give’ suggested that COVID‐19 exasperated caregivers’ loneliness, social isolation and increased responsibilities and challenges with other roles. Bitterness, resentment and anger were felt towards lack of social support and workload. Theme ‘Celebrating a virtual way of life’ described how caregivers used online forums when other support services were disrupted.

Discussion

We discuss the role of informal caregiver that was described as all‐encompassing during COVID‐19. We highlight the importance of advanced planning for care home transitions and the use of online forums as a form of support. We suggest further exploration into informal caregivers’ role balancing.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 seemed to affect informal caregivers negatively, but they reframed their situations and sought online support. With COVID‐19‐related restrictions and increased workload, COVID‐19 added an all‐or‐nothing aspect to care home transition decisions.
A tale of two taxes: State‐dependency of tax policy
Authors: Arin Kerim Peren , Gahramanov Emin , Omay Tolga , Tang Xueli , Ulubasoglu Mehmet A.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we build a simple endogenous growth model with labour and corporate taxes to investigate the asymmetric effects of tax policy over the growth trajectory. We employ a newly developed panel smooth transition model to empirically analyse a sample of 19 advanced economies over the 1961–2017 period. We find that both the asymmetric effects and the tax measures used are essential. We also find that the effects of corporate and personal taxes on long‐run growth are non‐linear, while the detrimental effects of personal taxes are empirically larger compared to those of corporate taxes once non‐linearities are controlled for.
Turnip crinkle virus‐encoded suppressor of RNA silencing suppresses mRNA decay by interacting with ArabidopsisXRN4
Authors: Wu Kunxin , Fu Yan , Ren Yanli , Liu Linyu , Zhang Xiuchun , Ruan Mengbin
Published: July 2023

Plant cells employ intricate defense mechanisms, including mRNA decay pathways, to counter viral infections. Among the RNA quality control (RQC) mechanisms, nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), no‐go decay (NGD), and nonstop decay (NSD) pathways play critical roles in recognizing and cleaving aberrant mRNA molecules. Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a plant virus that triggers mRNA decay pathways, but it has also evolved strategies to evade this antiviral defense. In this study, we investigated the activation of mRNA decay during TCV infection and its impact on TCV RNA accumulation. We found that TCV infection induced the upregulation of essential mRNA decay factors, indicating their involvement in antiviral defense and the capsid protein (CP) of TCV, a well‐characterized viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), also compromised the mRNA decay‐based antiviral defense by targeting AtXRN4. This interference with mRNA decay was supported by the observation that TCV CP stabilized a reporter transcript with a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Moreover, TCV CP suppressed the decay of known NMD target transcripts, further emphasizing its ability to modulate host RNA control mechanisms. Importantly, TCV CP physically interacted with AtXRN4, providing insight into the mechanism of viral interference with mRNA decay. Overall, our findings reveal an alternative strategy employed by TCV, wherein the viral coat protein suppresses the mRNA decay pathway to facilitate viral infection.
Integrated evolutionary pattern analyses reveal multiple origins of steroidal saponins in plants
Authors: Li Yi , Li Zihao , Zhang Furui , Li Song , Gu Yongbing , Tian Weijun , Tian Weirong , Wang Jianbo , Wen Jun , Li Jiaru
Published: July 2023

Steroidal saponins are a class of specialized metabolites essential for plant's response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are also important raw materials for the industrial production of steroid drugs. Steroidal saponins are present in some monocots, such as Dioscorea and Paris, but their distribution, origin, and evolution in plants remain poorly understood. By reconstructing the evolutionary history of the steroidal saponin‐associated module (SSAM) in plants, we reveal that the steroidal saponin pathway has its origin in Asparagus and Dioscorea. Through evaluating the distribution and evolutionary pattern of steroidal saponins in angiosperms, we further show that steroidal saponins originated multiple times in angiosperms, and exist in early diverged lineages of certain monocot lineages including Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Liliales. In these lineages, steroidal saponins are synthesized through the high copy and/or high expression mechanisms of key genes in SSAM. Together with shifts in gene evolutionary rates and amino acid usage, these molecular mechanisms shape the current distribution and diversity of steroidal saponins in plants. Consequently, our results provide new insights into the distribution, diversity and evolutionary history of steroidal saponins in plants, and enhance our understanding of plants' resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Additionally, fundamental understanding of the steroidal saponin biosynthesis will facilitate their industrial production and pharmacological applications.