bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Insights into 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development due to NR5A1 Gene Mutation
Authors: Werner Ralf , Mönig Isabel , August Julia , Freiberg Clemens , Lünstedt Ralf , Reiz Benedikt , Wünsch Lutz , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Kulle Alexandra , Döhnert Ulla , Wudy Stefan A. , Richter-Unruh Annette , Thorns Christoph , Hiort Olaf
Published: December 2015

The differential diagnosis of 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) is based on the distinction between forms of gonadal dysgenesis and disorders of androgen biosynthesis and action. However, clinical and endocrine evaluations are often not conclusive. Here, we describe an adolescent female with hirsutism and hyperandrogenization at puberty. Her karyotype was 46,XY, and clinical investigation demonstrated clitoromegaly, but no uterine remnants were detected. Histology of the gonads revealed a testicular structure with a Sertoli-cell-only pattern. Endocrine evaluation showed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and the Sertoli cell markers inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone were also low. Several molecular genetic studies were initiated. While analyses of the androgen receptor gene, the SRD5A2 gene and HSD17B3 gene were uninformative, a novel p.L230R mutation was found in the NR5A1 gene. A mutant construct proved a severe dysfunction of this variant in functional analysis after recreation and transfection into HeLa cells. We conclude that the NR5A1 p.L230R mutation most likely leads to a spatial and time-dependent Leydig cell and Sertoli cell dysfunction during development not causing the classical gonadal dysgenesis phenotype. This case demonstrates that the current classification should be updated to encompass the overlapping phenotypes of some genetic conditions within 46,XY DSD.
Jacobsen Syndrome: Surgical Complications due to Unsuspected Diagnosis, the Importance of Molecular Studies in Patients with Craniosynostosis
Authors: Linares Chávez Etzalli P. , Toral López Jaime , Valdés Miranda Juan M. , González Huerta Luz M. , Perez Cabrera Adrian , del Refugio Rivera Vega María , Messina Baas Olga M. , Cuevas-Covarrubias Sergio A.
Published: December 2015

Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) is an uncommon contiguous gene syndrome. About 85-92% of cases have a de novo origin. Clinical variability and severity probably depend on the size of the affected region. The typical clinical features in JBS include intellectual disability, growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism as well as craniosynostosis, congenital heart disease, and platelet abnormalities. The proband was a 1 year/3-month-old Mexican male. Oligonucleotide-SNP array analysis using the GeneChip Human Cytoscan HD was carried out for the patient from genomic DNA. The SNP array showed a 14.2-Mb deletion in chromosome 11q23.3q25 (120,706-134,938 Mb), which involved 163 RefSeq genes in the database of genomic variation. We report a novel deletion in JBS that increases the knowledge of the variability in the mutation sites in this region and expands the spectrum of molecular and clinical defects in this syndrome.
Complex Rearrangement Involving Three Chromosomes, Four Breakpoints and a 2.7-Mb Deletion in the 18q Segment Observed in a Girl with Mild Learning Difficulties
Authors: Kontodiou Maria , Daskalakis Georgios , Vetro Annalisa , Paspaliaris Vassilis , Papaioannou Georgios , Dagklis Themistoklis , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Ziegler Monika , Liehr Thomas , Thomaidis Loretta , Papoulidis Ioannis , Manolakos Emmanouil
Published: December 2015

Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are balanced or unbalanced structural rearrangements involving 3 or more cytogenetic break events on 2 or more different chromosomes. Here, we report a 7-year-old girl referred to our unit because of mild dysmorphic facial features, mild learning difficulties together with very mild mental retardation. Standard cytogenetic banding analysis revealed a de novo CCR involving chromosomes 1, 2 and 18. Further molecular investigation with aCGH revealed a cryptic interstitial deletion of 2.7 Mb in 18q22.1, which does not elicit a significant clinical phenotype. FISH was performed to confirm both molecular and cytogenetic results.
The Biomechanical Testing for the Assessment of Bone Quality in an Experimental Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Oksztulska-Kolanek Ewa , Znorko Beata , Michałowska Małgorzata , Pawlak Krystyna
Published: December 2015

Mineral metabolism disturbances are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been classified as a new clinical entity, also known as CKD-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD). A decrease in the bone strength, whose clinical manifestation is a tendency for fracture, has been recognized as an important component of CKD-MBD. Because of ethical issues, measurements of the bone strength in the human body are usually limited to noninvasive techniques, such as radiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the assays of bone turnover biomarkers. However, it has been postulated recently that the evidence concerning bone strength based solely on the determination of the bone quantity may be insufficient and that bone quality should also be examined. In this regard, an animal model of CKD can represent an experimental tool to test the effectiveness of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the many available methods that are used to diagnose metabolic bone disorders and predict fracture risk especially in small rodents with CKD, it turns out that the most appropriate are biomechanical tests, which can provide information about the structural and material properties of bone. The present review summarizes and discusses the principles for carrying out selected biomechanical tests (3-point bending test and compression test) and their application in clinical practice.
High-density lipoprotein therapy inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm progression
Authors: Rouer Martin , Alsac Jean-Marc , Louedec Liliane , Shoukr Faisal Al , Rouzet Francois , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Meilhac Olivier , Delbosc Sandrine
Published: December 2015

Clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the potential implication of periondontal bacteria contamination in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). In addition to their role in reverse cholesterol transport, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) display multiple functions, including anti-inflammatory and lipopolysaccharide scavenging properties. Low plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol have been reported in AAA patients. We tested the effect of a HDL therapy in Sprague-Dawley rat model of AAA, obtained by intraluminal elastase infusion followed by repeated injections of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). HDLs, isolated by ultracentrifugation of plasma from healthy human volunteers, were co-injected intravenously (10 mg/kg) with Pg (1.107 Colony Forming Unit) one, eight and 15 days after elastase perfusion. Rats were sacrificed one week after the last injection. Our results show that Pg injections promote the formation of a persistent neutrophil-rich thrombus associated with increased aortic diameter in this AAA model. HDLs significantly reduced the increased AAA diameter induced by Pg. Histology showed the onset of a healing process in the Pg/HDL group. HDL injections also reduced neutrophil activation in Pg-injected rats associated with decreased cytokine levels in conditioned media and plasma. Scintigraphic analysis showed an intense uptake of 99mTc-HDL by the AAA suggesting that HDLs could exert their beneficial effect by acting directly on the thrombus components. HDL supplementation may therefore constitute a new therapeutic tool for AAA treatment.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Antithrombin: anti-inflammatory properties and clinical applications
Authors: Sniecinski Roman M. , Welsby Ian J. , Levi Marcel , Levy Jerrold H.
Published: December 2015

Many humoral and cellular components participate in bidirectional communication between the coagulation and inflammation pathways. Natural anticoagulant proteins, including antithrombin (AT), tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and protein C, suppress proinflammatory mediators. Conversely, inflammation blunts anticoagulant activity and, when uncontrolled, promotes systemic inflammation-induced coagulation, such as those that occur in disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe sepsis. This review discusses the mechanisms of action and clinical use of AT concentrate in critically ill patients and in the settings of perioperative anticoagulation management for surgery and obstetrics. AT is a serine protease inhibitor with broad anticoagulant activity and potent anti-inflammatory properties. In clinical conditions associated with hereditary or acquired AT deficiency, administration of AT concentrate has been shown to restore proper haemostasis and attenuate inflammation. Of note, AT modulates inflammatory responses not only by inhibiting thrombin and other clotting factors that induce cytokine activity and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, but also by coagulation-independent effects, including direct interaction with cellular mediators of inflammation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that AT concentrate may be a potential therapeutic agent in certain clinical settings associated with inflammation. In addition to the well-known anticoagulation properties of AT for the treatment of hereditary AT deficiency, AT also possesses noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties that could be valuable in treating acquired AT deficiency, which often result in thrombotic states associated with an inflammatory component.
Novel Biomarker of Oxidative Stress Is Associated With Risk of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Patel Riyaz S. , Ghasemzadeh Nima , Eapen Danny J. , Sher Salman , Arshad Shawn , Ko Yi-an , Veledar Emir , Samady Habib , Zafari A. Maziar , Sperling Laurence , Vaccarino Viola , Jones Dean P. , Quyyumi Arshed A.
Published: December 2015

Background—

Free radical scavengers have failed to improve patient outcomes, promoting the concept that clinically important oxidative stress may be mediated by alternative mechanisms. We sought to examine the association of emerging aminothiol markers of nonf
ree radical
mediated oxidative stress with clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Plasma levels of reduced (cyst
ei
ne and glutathione) and oxidized (cyst
i
ne and glutathione disulphide) aminothiols were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography in 1411 patients undergoing coronary angiography (mean age 63 years, male 66%). All patients were followed for a mean of 4.7±2.1 years for the primary outcome of all-cause death (n=247). Levels of cystine (oxidized) and glutathione (reduced) were associated with risk of death (
P
<0.001 both) before and after adjustment for covariates. High cystine and low glutathione levels (>+1 SD and <−1 SD, respectively) were associated with higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–2.21; HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.50–3.19; respectively) compared with those outside these thresholds. Furthermore, the ratio of cystine/glutathione was also significantly associated with mortality (adjusted HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.39–2.64) and was independent of and additive to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level. Similar associations were found for other outcomes of cardiovascular death and combined death and myocardial infarction.

Conclusions—

A high burden of oxidative stress, quantified by the plasma aminothiols, cystine, glutathione, and their ratio, is associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease, a finding that is independent of and additive to the inflammatory burden. Importantly, these data support the emerging role of nonfree radical biology in driving clinically important oxidative stress.
Relation Between Circulating Inflammatory Chemokines and Vascular Characteristics in Healthy, Young Children
Authors: Eikendal Anouk L. M. , Evelein Annemieke M. V. , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Visseren Frank L. J. , Bots Michiel L. , Hoefer Imo E. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Dalmeijer Geertje W.
Published: December 2015

Background

Atherosclerosis begins in childhood with the occurrence of inflammatory vascular wall alterations that are detectable with B‐mode ultrasound. Chemokines appear to be involved in the development of these alterations given that they occur early in the atherosclerotic pathway as mediators of vascular inflammation. However, this has not extensively been investigated. Therefore, we studied in healthy young children whether chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (
MCP
‐1), regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (
RANTES
), and vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (
VCAM
and
ICAM
) related to vascular characteristics of the carotid artery.

Methods and Results

We obtained demography, anthropometry, and overnight fasting plasma of 139 eight‐year‐old children of the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn birth cohort. Carotid intima‐media thickness (
CIMT
), distensibility, and Young's Elastic Modulus (
YEM
) of the common carotid artery were measured sonographically. Chemokine plasma levels were assessed using a multiplex assay. We studied the relation between the chemokines and vascular characteristics using multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustments for sex, systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein‐ and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Of the studied chemokines,
RANTES
related to common carotid distensibility and
YEM
. One standard deviation increase in
RANTES
level related to a 5.45‐
MPA
−1
(95% confidence interval [
CI
], −9.43, −1.39;
P
=0.01) decrease in distensibility and to a 5.55‐kPa increase in
YEM
(95%
CI
, 0.40, 10.85;
P
=0.03).
RANTES
did not relate to
CIMT
.
MCP
‐1,
VCAM
, and
ICAM
did not relate to any of the studied vascular characteristics.

Conclusion

RANTES
appears to be involved in the development of preatherosclerotic inflammatory vascular alterations already in healthy, young children. This may provide further insight into the early‐life origins of atherosclerosis.
Democratic Consolidation in Southeast Europe – A Step Forward?
Authors: Slavov Atanas
Published: December 2015

Strengthening the rule of law and consolidating democracy is still a challenge facing countries in Southeastern Europe (see). Despite the prospective for eu accession for the Western Balkan states and full eu membership for others, issues regarding the quality of democratic institutions and the efficiency of legal procedures are still at stake. There are multiple factors that contribute to the weakened state of constitutional democracy in see countries while also blocking their political and social development.

This article offers a sober view on the democratic consolidation process, emphasizing that a decline from democratic politics may happen at any moment. For one, defective democracies in Southeastern Europe are exposed to nationalism and populism, suffering from weak institutional performance and a burdensome communist legacy. Furthermore, negative stereotypes and practices of exercising political power in see countries hamper the development of the rule of law, efficient democratic systems, and accountable governments. Corruption and clientelism likewise seem embedded in the social structures. Thus, in the absence or inefficiency of the rule of law, the political situation in see countries is often described in terms of a ‘state capture’, not democratic consolidation.

However, according to a mid-term perspective, positive change is still possible, but it requires active civil society participation as well as eu institutional commitment to the rule of law and democracy building in the region. In some cases, moreover, coordinated endeavors between active civil society groups and eu institutions could exercise effective pressure on the national political elites to introduce necessary institutional reforms.
An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from New Caledonia
Authors: NATTIER ROMAIN , JOURDAN HERVÉ , MILLE CHRISTIAN , CHAZEAU JEAN
Published: December 2015

We present an updated checklist of the ladybird beetle fauna of New Caledonia. Fifty species have been tracked from literature and collections, but six should be removed from the list as they represent false records, invalid or unestablished species: Coccinella boletifera Fauvel, Harmonia conformis (Boisduval), Menochilus duodecimpunctatus (Fauvel), Micraspis lineola (Fabricius), Orcus australasiae Boisduval, and Curinus coeruleus (Mulsant). After our investigations, the current described ladybird beetle fauna totals 44 named species, belonging to 18 valid genera. The endemism rate is 47.7% (21 species), with one endemic subgenus, Scymnus (Caledonus). Based on comparisons of the coccinellid faunas of surrounding regions, the New Caledonian fauna has affinities with Australia and Papua New Guinea more than with the rest of the Pacific area. At least 19 species (43.2%) seem to have been introduced by human activities (either deliberately or accidentally).
True identity of Folkmanovius paralellus Dobroruka (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae)
Authors: TUF IVAN HADRIÁN , DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ
Published: December 2015

The mysterious monotypic genus Folkmanovius Dobroruka, 1957, and its type species, Folkmanovius paralellus Dobroruka, 1957, have never been found again since their description, although the patria of these taxa—the Czech Republic—is among the best studied regions regarding Chilopoda. Analysing the characters given in the original description, we found Folkmanovius to be in the closest relation with another European genus, Clinopodes C.L. Koch, 1847. Some characters could fit with the only Central European representative of this latter genus (Clinopodes flavidus) if, and only if, we consider that the description was based on juvenile specimens. Studying C. flavidus specimens of the first adolescens stadia, we found morphological changes during postembryonic development for several characters, documented first time for the genus. These results explain and elucidate all the tentative differential characters of Dobroruka’s taxa and prove that Folkmanovius Dobroruka, 1957, is a junior subjective synonym of Clinopodes C.L. Koch, 1847, (syn. nov.), as well as Folkmanovius paralellus Dobroruka, 1957, being a junior subjective synonym of Clinopodes flavidus C.L. Koch, 1847 (syn. nov.).
Biodiversity and distribution of the southern African sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
Authors: THANDAR AHMED S.
Published: December 2015

The history of the southern African holothuroid fauna south of the tropic of Capricorn, is updated and the biodiversity and distribution of the fauna discussed. All five currently recognized orders are represented, distributed over 24 families, 74 genera and 163 species. As many as 117 species are shelf forms comprising the following faunistic components : 36% Indo-Pacific, 12% West Indian Ocean, 1% Atlantic and 51% endemic. Four faunistic provinces are recognized : tropical Indo-Pacific Province on the east coast, extending to St Lucia in northern KwaZulu-Natal; the Subtropical (Natal) province, from this point to Port St. Johns in the Eastern Cape Province; the Warm Temperate (Agulhas) Province from this point to Cape Point in the Western Cape Province; and the Cold Temperate (Namaqua) from Cape Point to Walvis Bay in Namibia. Vertical distribution of the approximately 90 species collected from more than one locality is also given. The origin of the holothuroid fauna is briefly discussed and reiterated that the Indo-Pacific component moved in from the north mostly by way of the Mozambique-Agulhas Current. The origin of the endemic component is obscure but surmised that it is perhaps also of Indo-Pacific origin with negligible contribution from the Atlantic.
Description of four new species related to Fissocantharis novemexcavatus (Wittmer, 1951) (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from China
Authors: YANG YUXIA , Li Limei , Yang Xingke
Published: December 2015

Four new species related to Fissocantharis novemexcavatus (Wittmer, 1951) are described, F. safranekimima sp. nov. (CHINA: Shaanxi), F. septangula sp. nov. (CHINA: Shaanxi), F. guizhouensis sp. nov. (CHINA: Guizhou) and F. novemoblonga sp. nov. (CHINA: Zhejiang, Anhui), which are illustrated with habitus and antennae of males, abdominal sternites VIII of females and genitalia of both sexes. A key for identification of the species of F. novemexcavatus species complex is presented.
The genus Drepanura (Collembola: Entomobryidae) in Australia: descriptions of two new species and redescriptions of five known species
Authors: MA YITONG , CHUN ZHAO , GREENSLADE PENELOPE
Published: December 2015

Seven Australian species of the genus Drepanura are reported. Two of the seven are new and five are redescribed. The new species are: D. liuae sp. nov. and D. polychaeta sp. nov. Redescriptions are given for D. albocoerulea (Schött, 1917), D. cinquilineata Womersley, 1934, D. citricola Womersley, 1934, D. cobaltina (Schött, 1917) and D. coeruleopicta (Schött, 1917). The chaetotaxy is described and a key to the Australian species of the genus is given.
Austrelmis Brown (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea: Elmidae) from Argentina: five new species
Authors: MANZO VERONICA , ARCHANGELSKY MIGUEL
Published: December 2015

Material belonging to the genus Austrelmis Brown, from different localities from northwestern Argentina, is studied and described. Five new species are described and illustrated from adults of both sexes: Austrelmis argentinensis sp. nov., A. catamarcensis sp. nov., A. talampayensis sp. nov., A. tafi sp. nov. and A. robustus sp.nov. The new species are compared to other known species of the genus. A comparative table summarizing the most important characters used to identify the argentine species of Austrelmis and a distributional map for Argentina are included.
Interannual Variability of the Mindanao Current/Undercurrent in Direct Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Hu Shijian , Hu Dunxin , Guan Cong , Wang Fan , Zhang Linlin , Wang Fujun , Wang Qingye
Published: December 2015

The interannual variability of the boundary currents east of the Mindanao Island, including the Mindanao Current/Undercurrent (MC/MUC), is investigated using moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements combined with a series of numerical experiments. The ADCP mooring system was deployed east of the Mindanao Island at 7°59′N, 127°3′E during December 2010–August 2014. Depth-dependent interannual variability is detected in the two western boundary currents: strong and lower-frequency variability dominates the upper-layer MC, while weaker and higher-frequency fluctuation controls the subsurface MUC. Throughout the duration of mooring measurements, the weakest MC was observed in June 2012, in contrast to the maximum peaks in December 2010 and June 2014, while in the deeper layer the MUC shows speed peaks circa December 2010, January 2011, April 2013, and July 2014 and valleys circa June 2011, August 2012, and November 2013. Diagnostic analysis and numerical sensitivity experiments using a 2.5-layer reduced-gravity model indicate that wind forcing in the western Pacific Ocean is a driving agent in conditioning the interannual variability of MC and MUC. Results suggest that westward-propagating Rossby waves that generate in the western Pacific Ocean (roughly 150°–180°E) are of much significance in the interannual variability of the two boundary currents. Fluctuation of Ekman pumping due to local wind stress curl anomaly in the far western Pacific Ocean (roughly 120°–150°E) also plays a role in the interannual variability of the MC. The relationship between the MC/MUC and El Niño is discussed.
Modifications to the Rapid Update Cycle Land Surface Model (RUC LSM) Available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana G. , Brown John M. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Kenyon Jaymes S.
Published: December 2015

The land surface model (LSM) described in this manuscript was originally developed as part of the NOAA Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model development effort; with ongoing modifications, it is now used as an option for the WRF community model. The RUC model and its WRF-based NOAA successor, the Rapid Refresh (RAP), are hourly updated and have an emphasis on short-range, near-surface forecasts including aviation-impact variables and preconvective environment. Therefore, coupling to this LSM (hereafter the RUC LSM) has been critical to provide more accurate lower boundary conditions. This paper describes changes made to the RUC LSM since earlier descriptions, including extension from six to nine levels, improved snow treatment, and new land-use data from MODIS.

The RUC LSM became operational at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) as part of the RUC from 1998–2012 and as part of the RAP from 2012 through the present. The simple treatments of basic land surface processes in the RUC LSM have proven to be physically robust and capable of realistically representing the evolution of soil moisture, soil temperature, and snow in cycled models. Extension of the RAP domain to encompass all of North America and adjacent high-latitude ocean areas necessitated further development of the RUC LSM for application in the tundra permafrost regions and over Arctic sea ice. Other modifications include refinements in the snow model and a more accurate specification of albedo, roughness length, and other surface properties. These recent modifications in the RUC LSM are described and evaluated in this paper.
Systematic Instruction of Phonics Skills Using an iPad for Students With Developmental Disabilities Who Are AAC Users
Authors: Ahlgrim-Delzell Lynn , Browder Diane M. , Wood Leah , Stanger Carol , Preston Angela I. , Kemp-Inman Amy
Published: December 2015

A phonics-based reading curriculum in which students used an iPad to respond was created for students with developmental disabilities not able to verbally participate in traditional phonics instruction due to their use of augmentative and assistive communication. Time delay and a system of least prompts used in conjunction with text-to-speech software enabled students to participate in phonics instruction that included segmenting, decoding, sight words, and comprehension after reading a decodable short passage. Students were randomly assigned to a treatment group who received the phonics instruction or a control group who received sight word instruction on the iPad. A repeated-measures ANOVA found that students who received the iPad-based phonics curriculum outperformed the control students. Hierarchical linear model (HLM) analysis supports a two-level model with a time by group membership interaction effect, the inclusion of student-level variables was not statistically significant.
Un cas d’ecclesiolae in ecclesia en Norvège à la lumière de la théorie culturelle d’Emmanuel Todd
Authors: Knudsen Jon P
Published: December 2015

This article discusses the coexistence between the Lutheran State Church and the Lutheran lay movement in Norway. Despite strong conflicts over theology and Church order, the lay movement, whose stronghold is the western periphery, has generally chosen to remain within the Church. This phenomenon of hostile cohabitation is analysed in relation to the theoretical framework developed by Emmanuel Todd, who argues that European regions are highly divergent when it comes to anthropological patterns and dispositions. One of the main anthropological fault lines separates west and south-east Norway. In adapting Todd’s perspective to a well known debate, the author reveals new insights into the social rationales for the behaviour of the lay movement.
Design, development and characterization of a novel and innovative exhaust filter media for the global automotive industry
Authors: Howarth J , Anand SC
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses that three-dimensional (3D) warp knitted spacer structures offer significant attributes that create sustainable production advantages in dry exhaust systems for the automotive paint industry. The advantages that are offered include improved airflow and the potential to combine to a composite solution with a high paint holding capacity; this concept of filtration also offers the possibility of a durable filter capable of industrial cleaning and reuse numerous times. The paper describes the innovation of these 3D warp knitted spacer filters from theoretical and traditional filtration aspects, followed by an empirical characterization that justifies commercial trials within the industry.
Plasma treatment applied in the pad-dry-cure process for making rechargeable antimicrobial cotton fabric that inhibits S. Aureus
Authors: Zhou Chang-E , Kan Chi-wai , Yuen Chun-wah Marcus , Matinlinna Jukka Pekka , Tsoi James Kit-hon , Zhang Qing
Published: December 2015

In this paper, variables in an environmentally friendly rechargeable antimicrobial finishing process were studied. Cotton fabric was treated with nitrogen plasma after padding with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) when fabric was treated through the pad-dry-cure method, that is, pad-plasma-dry-cure. After that, fabric was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite to impart antimicrobial property and function. An orthogonal array testing strategy was used in the finishing process for finding the optimum treatment condition. Ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the properties of treated cotton fabric, including concentration of chlorine on cotton fabric, morphological properties of the surface of cotton fabric and function groups on the cotton fabric. The results showed that cotton fabric finished with DMH with the help of plasma treatment followed by chlorination inhibits microorganisms effectively, the antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was rechargeable and durability of antimicrobial property was improved by plasma treatment.
Improving quality of diabetes care by integrating psychological and social care for poorly controlled diabetes
Authors: Doherty Anne M , Gayle Carol , Morgan-Jones Ruth , Archer Nicola , Laura-Lee  , Ismail Khalida , Werner Anne
Published: December 2015

Objective

Many people with persistent suboptimal diabetes control also have psychiatric morbidity and social problems which interfere with their ability to self-manage their diabetes. Current models of care in the UK do not integrate these different dimensions of care or address inequalities between physical and mental health. 3DFD (3 Dimensions of Care For Diabetes) integrated medical, psychological, and social care in diabetes for patients with persistent suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c > 75 mmol/mol) despite guideline-based routine diabetes care, to improve glycemic control, reduce psychological distress, and improve social functioning.

Methods

The service delivered interventions including brief psychological therapies, mental health assessments, psychotropic medications, and social support, enhanced by patient-led case conferences aiming to optimize diabetes care. 3DFD measured changes in HbA1c, psychological functioning, quality of life, rates of unscheduled care, and levels of engagement with routine diabetes care at baseline and at 12 months.

Conclusion

At 12-month follow-up, 3DFD patients achieved significant reductions in HbA1c of 15 mmol/mol, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (1.4% Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) and improvements in depression scores and patient satisfaction. This model of care demonstrates that integrated care can improve diabetes outcomes in people with psychological and social comorbidities.
Is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in Korean adults?
Authors: Park Jong-Il , Yang Jong-Chul , Won Park Tae , Chung Sang-Keun
Published: December 2015

Objective

Mixed results exist regarding the role of vitamin D deficiency in depression and suicidal ideation. The present study investigated the relationships among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a large representative of the general population of Korea.

Method

The data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted by the Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2010 to 2012 were investigated. A total of 15,695 subjects aged 20 and older were included in analysis. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were evaluated based on self-report information. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The associations among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation were explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for various confounding variables including sociodemographic and health-related variables.

Results

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not significantly different depending on the depressive symptoms (participant with depressive symptom, n = 2085, 17.10 ng/ml; without depressive symptom, n = 13,610, 17.36 ng/ml; p = 0.142) and suicidal ideation (participant with suicidal ideation, n = 2319, 17.31 ng/ml; without suicidal ideation, n = 13,374, 17.33 ng/ml; p = 0.926). After adjustment for sociodemographic and health-related factors, this lack of relationship was held consistent in the multivariate logistic regression.

Conclusions

Significant associations were not observed among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in Korean adults. Further studies are warranted to gain a better understanding of the association among vitamin D, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation.
Predictors of psychotropic medication adherence among HIV+ individuals living with bipolar disorder
Authors: Casaletto Kaitlin B , Kwan Sara , Montoya Jessica L , Obermeit Lisa C , Gouaux Ben , Poquette Amelia , Heaton Robert K , Atkinson J Hampton , Moore David J ,   The HNRP Group
Published: December 2015

Objective

HIV infection and bipolar disorder are highly comorbid and associated with frontostriatal disruption, emotional dysregulation, and neurocognitive impairment. Psychiatric and cognitive factors have been linked to antiretroviral nonadherence; however, predictors of psychotropic adherence among HIV+ individuals with psychiatric comorbidities have not been explored. We evaluated predictors of psychotropic adherence among individuals with HIV infection and bipolar disorder.

Method

Psychiatric medication adherence of 50 participants with HIV infection and bipolar disorder was tracked for 30 days using Medication Event Monitoring Systems. Participants completed neurocognitive, neuromedical, and psychiatric batteries.

Results

Mean psychotropic adherence rate was 78%; 56% of participants achieved ≥90% adherence. Younger age and onset of depressive symptoms, more severe current depressive symptoms, number of previous psychiatric hospitalizations and suicide attempts, poorer neurocognition, and more negative attitudes and self-beliefs toward medications univariably predicted worse psychotropic adherence ( p’s < .10). A multivariable model demonstrated a combination of current depressive symptoms and more negative attitudes toward medications significantly predicting poorer adherence ( R2 = 0.27, p < 0.003). Secondary analyses revealed an interaction between neurocognition and mood, such that individuals with HIV infection and bipolar disorder who had greater executive dysfunction and depressive symptoms evidenced the poorest psychotropic adherence ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Both psychiatric and neurocognitive factors contribute to poorer psychotropic adherence among HIV+ individuals with serious mental illness. Adherence interventions aimed at remediating these factors may be especially fruitful.
Synergistic effects of kaolin and talc in a bromobutyl rubber compound for syringe plunger application
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Xiu , Zhao Xiao-pei , Sun Bin , Ma Zhen-guo , Xin Zhen Xiang , Prakashan K
Published: December 2015

The effectiveness of separate and combined incorporation of two natural, inexpensive, and nontoxic filler materials, kaolin and talc, at their various proportions in a bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) compound for a medical syringe plunger was investigated. The dispersion of kaolin was finer and more homogeneous than talc in BIIR. The curing was also enhanced in the presence of kaolin than talc. The difference in dispersion as well as reinforcing effects of the different fillers were reflected in the dynamic mechanical properties of the compounds. Tensile properties of the compounds were not significantly varied with varying kaolin/talc ratio of the compounds, however, tear strength decreased for higher contents of talc in the compounds. A significant synergistic reduction of compression set was achieved for 75/15 ratio of kaolin and talc in the rubber compound, very important for a plunger compound.
Solubility and diffusivity of supercritical carbon dioxide in cellulose acetate with cosolvents
Authors: Ding Yajun , Wei Rongjun , Ying Sanjiu
Published: December 2015

The gravimetric procedure was applied to investigate the solubility and diffusivity of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in cellulose acetate (CA). The solubility increases constantly in the initial period and reaches the dissolution equilibrium when the saturation time exceeds 10 h. The solubility decreases gradually from 14.29 wt% to 7.36 wt%, while the saturation temperature increases from 40°C to 70°C. The solubility increases by only 5.63%, while the saturation pressure grows from 10 MPa (12.62 wt%) to 30 MPa (13.33 wt%). The presence of cosolvents, especially ethanol, improves the solubility obviously. The diffusivity is not affected by pressure but increases with the solubility. Scanning electron microscopic images show that the cell densities increase with the content of ethanol, which implies that the higher solubility is in favor of the cell nucleation. The foamed CA with 10 wt% or 20 wt% ethanol has both low density and good impact properties.
Acute changes in neurovascular reactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo
Authors: Balbi Matilde , Koide Masayo , Schwarzmaier Susanne M , Wellman George C , Plesnila Nikolaus
Published: December 2015

Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes acute and long-lasting constrictions of pial arterioles. Whether these vessels dilate normally to neuronal activity is of great interest since a mismatch between delivery and consumption of glucose and oxygen may cause additional neuronal damage. Therefore, we investigated neurovascular reactivity of pial and parenchymal arterioles after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage by filament perforation or sham surgery. Neurovascular reactivity was assessed 3 h later by forepaw stimulation or inhalation of 10% CO2. Diameters of cerebral arterioles were assessed using two-photon microscopy. Neurovascular coupling and astrocytic endfoot Ca2+ were measured in brain slices using two-photon and infrared-differential interference contrast microscopy. Vessels of sham-operated mice dilated normally to CO2 and forepaw stimulation. Three hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, CO2 reactivity was completely lost in both pial and parenchymal arterioles, while neurovascular coupling was not affected. Brain slices studies also showed normal neurovascular coupling and a normal increase in astrocytic endfoot Ca2+ acutely after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These findings suggest that communication between neurons, astrocytes, and parenchymal arterioles is not affected in the first few hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, while CO2 reactivity, which is dependent on NO signaling, is completely lost.
Hip Range of Motion Is Lower in Professional Soccer Players With Hip and Groin Symptoms or Previous Injuries, Independent of Cam Deformities
Authors: Tak Igor , Glasgow Philip , Langhout Rob , Weir Adam , Kerkhoffs Gino , Agricola Rintje
Published: December 2015

Background:

Soccer (football) players often have hip and groin symptoms (HGS), and a previous groin injury is a risk factor for a relapse. Decreased hip range of motion (HROM) has been related to both hip and groin pain and the presence of a cam deformity. How these factors interact is unknown.

Purpose:

The first aim was to study whether HGS are associated with HROM. The second aim was to study the association of the presence of a cam deformity with HROM. Additionally, the influence of a cam deformity on the relationship between HGS and HROM was examined.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Seasonal screening data of 2 professional soccer clubs were used. Variables for HGS were current hip or groin pain, the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), and previous hip- and groin-related time-loss injuries (HGTIs). HROM was determined for hip internal rotation (IR), external rotation, and total rotation (TR) in the supine position and for the bent knee fall out (BKFO) test. A cam deformity was defined by an alpha angle >60° on standardized anteroposterior pelvic and frog-leg lateral radiographs.

Results:

Sixty players (mean [±SD] age, 23.1 ± 4.2 years) were included. All were noninjured at the time of screening. Current hip or groin pain was not associated with HROM. Hips of players in the lowest HAGOS interquartile range (thus most affected by complaints; n = 12) showed less IR (23.9° ± 8.7° vs 28.9° ± 7.8°, respectively; P = .036) and TR (58.2° ± 13.5° vs 65.6° ± 11.8°, respectively; P = .047) than those in the highest interquartile range (n = 29). No such differences were found for BKFO ( P = .417). Hips of players with a previous HGTI showed less IR (21.1° ± 6.8° vs 28.3° ± 8.9°, respectively; P < .001) and TR (56.0° ± 8.2° vs 64.5° ± 13.6°, respectively; P < .001) than those without a previous HGTI. This was independent of the presence of a cam deformity. BKFO did not differ between groups ( P = .983). Hips with a cam deformity showed less but nonsignificant IR (25.5° ± 10.3° vs 29.0° ± 7.1°, respectively; P = .066) and TR ( P = .062) and higher but nonsignificant BKFO values (17.1 cm ± 3.4 cm vs 14.2 cm ± 4.6 cm, respectively; P = .078) than those without a cam deformity.

Conclusion:

Decreased HROM in professional soccer players is associated with more hip- and groin-related symptoms and with previous injuries, independent of the presence of a cam deformity.
Viewing Art on a Tablet Computer: A Well-Being Intervention for People With Dementia and Their Caregivers
Authors: Tyack Charles , Camic Paul M. , Heron Michael James , Hulbert Sabina
Published: December 2015

Background: Art-based interventions have been shown to be beneficial for the well-being of people with dementia and their caregivers. This article explored whether such interventions can be delivered via a touchscreen tablet device displaying art images. Method: Twelve pairs of volunteers with dementia and informal caregivers were recruited (N = 24). A quasi-experimental mixed-methods within-subjects study evaluated the well-being impacts of art viewing using visual analogue scales and explored participant experiences with thematic analysis. Findings: Quantitative results before Bonferroni correction showed a significant effect for change in composite well-being from Session 1 to Session 5 but this became non-significant after the correction was applied. Well-being subdomains generally increased with number of sessions. Qualitative findings included changes in cognition, behavior, mood, and relationships. These changes tended to be viewed positively. Conclusion: The results suggest touchscreen-based art interventions could yield well-being benefits for this population. A larger-scale controlled study would help determine whether wider dementia care practice implications can be drawn.
Planning, Development, and Media
Authors: Schweitzer Lisa , Stephenson Max
Published: December 2015

Given the importance of the media in 21st-century western liberal democracies, planning actors that seek media attention may do so for multiple ends, such as to dampen controversy and increase their status as “stars” in their professions through media branding. We develop a case study of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge project, along with expert interviews with public relations specialists, journalists, editors, producers, and scientists. We find that development professionals, including scientists, adopted mediatized behaviors, such as filming themselves, while working so that audiences might witness experts’ actions and successes. The stories and ideas that reached broad audiences concerned experts’ stories rather than those of a broad array of stakeholders.
Nutrition in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dijkink Suzan , Fuentes Eva , Quraishi Sadeq A. , Cropano Catrina , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Lee Jarone , King David R. , DeMoya Marc , Fagenholz Peter , Butler Kathryn , Velmahos George , Yeh Daniel Dante
Published: December 2015

Background: Calorie/protein deficit in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) is associated with worse clinical outcomes. It is customary to initiate enteral nutrition (EN) at a low rate and increase to goal (RAMP‐UP). Increasing evidence suggests that RAMP‐UP may contribute to iatrogenic malnutrition. We sought to determine what proportion of total SICU calorie/protein deficit is attributable to RAMP‐UP. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of a prospectively collected registry of adult patients (N = 109) receiving at least 72 hours of EN in the SICU according to the RAMP‐UP protocol (July 2012–June 2014). Subjects receiving only trophic feeds or with interrupted EN during RAMP‐UP were excluded. Deficits were defined as the amount of prescribed calories/protein minus the actual amount received. RAMP‐UP deficit was defined as the deficit between EN initiation and arrival at goal rate. Data included demographics, nutritional prescription/delivery, and outcomes. Results: EN was started at a median of 34.0 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 16.5–53.5) after ICU admission, with a mean duration of 8.7 ± 4.3 days. The median total caloric deficit was 2185 kcal (249–4730), with 900 kcal (551–1562) attributable to RAMP‐UP (41%). The protein deficit was 98.5 g (27.5–250.4), with 51.9 g (20.6–83.3) caused by RAMP‐UP (53%). Conclusions: In SICU patients initiating EN, the RAMP‐UP period accounted for 41% and 53% of the overall caloric and protein deficits, respectively. Starting EN immediately at goal rate may eliminate a significant proportion of macronutrient deficit in the SICU.
The Managed Heart Revisited: Exploring the Effect of Institutional Norms on the Emotional Labor of Flight Attendants Post 9/11
Authors: Santin Marlene , Kelly Benjamin
Published: December 2015

This article examines the emotional culture of flight attendants thirty-two years after Hochschild’s (1983) study, The Managed Heart. Using data collected by participant observation and informal interviews, we argue that flight attendants are empowered by post-9/11 institutional changes in security policies and as a result are using more discretion in how they perform courteous emotional labor. We put forward two interrelated concepts—the “9/11 effect” and “role shields”—to explain how a new emphasis on safety over courtesy in institutional policies provides cabin crew with a normative resource to achieve greater autonomy. We establish that flight attendants are now more assertive when they interact with passengers. By acknowledging the flight attendant’s post-9/11 experience and their increase in what we label emotional agency, this study offers a historical-comparative complement to Hochschild’s emphasis on emotive constraints.