bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENURUNAN KADAR COD DAN BOD PADA LIMBAH CAIR KIMIA LABORATORIUM POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU DENGAN METODE BIOFILTER
Authors: Fandini Mutia Ade
Published: January 2021

Laboratory waste is one of the waste in a small scope that tends contained manyheavy metals and organic materials therein. The nature of the waste is very dangerous andtoxic may not directly discharged into the environment. One of the sewage treatment by usingthe method biofilter. The purpose of this research is to reduce levels of COD and BODeffluent MoH Bengkulu polytechnic chemistry laboratory methods biofilter. Type of quasiexperimental study with pre-post study design test. Waste derived from laboratory chemicalwaste. Measure the COD and BOD levels before and after treatment biofilter with fiverepetitions. Analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Given the results of research based on theanalysis of univariate no reduction in COD levels by an average of 5.448% and the percentagereduction in BOD levels decrease with the average percentage of 3.928% decline. Results ofbivariate analysis test t-Test that there are differences in the levels of COD before and aftertreatment with 0.006 significance and there are differences in levels of BOD before and aftertreatment with 0.003 significance
KEPUASAN LAYANAN IBU HAMIL PENGGUNA PROGRAM BPJS DI PUSKESMAS SE-KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2014
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati
Published: January 2021

With the implementation of BPJS’S programs that replace Jampersal, then patientsatisfaction from cost faktors or foundation complete. Patient Satisfaction can be also assessedfrom the age of mother, education, employment and maternal parity use BPJS’S program. Thepurpose of this observation is for description the level of mother’s satisfaction towardimplementation of BPJS’S program in all clinic of Bengkulu city. The design that use is crossecsional with all of population pregnant mother that do examination in all clinic of Bengkulucity amount 115 people’s taken with Accidental sampling technic. Level analysis of satisfactionof pregnant mother toward implementation of BPJS based on the comparison of the distributionthe patient satisfaction that look from age, education, employment and parity also statistikanalysis with Chi Square test. The result of observation was not relation between age, education,employment of pregnant mother toward implementation BPJS’S program in all clinic ofBengkulu city, while parity analysis there is relation of maternal parity toward implementationBPJS’S program in all clinic Bengkulu city. Be expected medical employment can be improveimplementation BPJS’S program start from level of primer until the level of sekunder be betterthan before.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERBEDAAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR BAYI DI RSUD. Dr. M . YUNUS KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Marisiantini Meli
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is still high in Indonesia, it is about 32 per 1.000 livebirths, and low birth weight infants accounted for 34% as the major cause (SDKI, 2012). InDr.M.Yunus hospital at Bengkulu city, cases of LBW has increased from the preceding year,approximately 391 infants (14.4%) of 2713 childbirths. The purpose of this research is known thefactors which affect average of birth weight infants in C1 Midwifery room at Dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu in2013. The study design was observational descriptive with cross-sectional method which the populationare women who delivered in the maternity room at Dr.M.Yunus hospital, and also with accidentalsampling technique which samples are 48 respondents, data were processed using univariate andbivariate. The results of statistical tests showed there are influences of those factors to affect average ofbirth weight infant in Dr.M.Yunus hospital in 2013 and long-standing is the most dominant factor. It isexpected that health workers can be provide counseling to pregnant women in order to know the risks ifthe women have a bad lifestyle (exposure to cigarette smoke, caffeine consumption, and prolongedstanding) and also set the age for pregnancy planning.
ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PELAKSANAAN PENERAPAN STANDAR ASUHAN KEBIDANAN OLEH BIDAN PRAKTIK SWASTA
Authors: Yuniwati Yuniwati
Published: January 2021

The results of research from the Author on November 2013 through observation usingcheck list and documentation care to the 20 persons midwife in Bengkulu City, there is 4 persons(20%) midwife who implementation of documentation care as standard. Whereas as much as 16midwives (80%) were not doing documentation care as standard. The aim of this research wasknowing the factors related to implementation of application of Midwifery Care Standards inMidwives Practice Independently in Bengkulu City 2014. This research used descriptive analyticwith Cross Sectional Approach. Population are all of the midwives who duty in Public HealthCare of Bengkulu City. Samples taken using purposive sampling method (50 respondents).Primary data collection and data analyzed univariate, bivariate and multivariate manner. Resultsof research showed that most of respondents (56%) had good education about implementation ofMidwifery Care Standards by Midwives Practice Independently, Most of respondents (66%) hadhigh motivation, most of respondents (72%) had good of supervition perception, most ofrespondents (66%) had good implementation of Midwifery Care Standards. There wascorrelation among education (π =0,026), motivation (π =0,008) supervition perception (π =0,003)with implementation of Midwifery Care. Standards Motivation factor was the most dominantfactor that affected implementation of Midwifery Care Standards by Midwives PracticeIndependently on 2014. Health Department of Bengkulu City should give instruction to all thePublic Health Care of Bengkulu City to perform documentation with guidelines of MidwiferyCare Standards.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KALA II LAMA
Authors: Destariyani Elvi
Published: January 2021

Kalla II long is one of the direct causes of the high maternal mortality rate inthe world. In dr. M Yunus in 2011 of women giving birth in 1047 of 196 (18.72%) of themothers had prolonged second stage of labor, and in 2012 of 1060 women giving birth as215 (20.28%) mothers had prolonged second stage. The research objective is to determinewhat are the factors associated with the incidence of prolonged second stage of labor inthe CI Space Hospital Midwifery. Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu city.This study design was adescriptive cross sectional analytic approach. The population is all women giving birth inhospitals M.Yunus Bengkulu in 2012 as many as 1060 people. 290 samples were taken bypurposive sampling. Collecting data using secondary data.The results show most womengiving birth (51.4%) multiparous, most maternal (54.1%) aged less than 20 years andmore than 35 years, almost half of women giving birth (42.8%) fetal weight more than4000 grams, and the maternal part (50%) experienced a prolonged second stage, and therewas a significant association between parity with prolonged second stage, there was asignificant association between maternal age with prolonged second stage, there was asignificant association between fetal weight with time II time.Under these conditions it isexpected that the hospitals Dr.M. Yunus care delivery can minimize the risk of morbidityand maternal and infant mortality by improving the quality and quantity of theproposition, infrastructure and human resources that are reliable and competent.
PEKERJAAN IBU MEMPENGARUHI PEMBERIAN MPASI DINI BAYI 0 - 6 BULAN
Authors: Nugraheni Diah Eka
Published: January 2021

Early complementary feeding in Bengkulu is still highbased on data obtainedfrom Bengkulu Profile Provinsi in 2012 the total of babies who are exclusively breastfedbabies 417 803 (41%) of the 43 953, meaning there is 26.015 infants (51%) were gets anearlycomplementary feeding. The problem of this study is the high incidence of givingextra food for baby before the baby is 6 months old. The purpose ofthis research was todetermine the factor sassociated with Early complementary feeding in Sawah lebar KotaBengkulu. Types of research is descriptive analytic method with the cross sectional studydesign. The population is mothers with infants aged 0-6 months which amounted to 279babies. Samples were taken by using a Acciedental sampling technique as many as 164babies. The results showed, work have p value=0.009 with OR2.48, This indicates that thevariable, work has p value<0.05 means significant relationship with the provision of earlycomplementary feeding. Health workers are expected to conduct health educationregarding appropriate supplemental feeding on the baby's mother.
Investigation of Fermentation Regimes for the Production of Low-alcohol and Non-alcohol Beers
Authors: Petelkov Ivan , Shopska Vesela , Denkova-Kostova Rositsa , Ivanova Kristina , Kostov Georgi , Lyubenova Velislava
Published: January 2021

The combination of modified mashing method and arrested fermentation for the production of low-alcohol and non-alcohol beers was studied. Therefore, five regimes for fermentation of wort with reduced fermentable sugar content with top-fermenting yeast strain at low temperatures and pitching rates were investigated. According to the fermentation dynamic results the decrease in the fermentation temperature from 10 °C to 5 °C at pitching rate of 109 Colony Forming Units cm−3 ( CFU cm−3 ) led to significantly reduced concentrations of ethanol and secondary metabolites in beer. The temperature decrease from 10 °C to 7 °C at pitching rate of 107 CFU cm−3 resulted in a decrease in the alcohol concentration and increase in all the secondary metabolite concentrations except for the vicinal diketones concentration. Data show that yeast biomass does not grow at 5 °C and at inoculum concentration of 107 CFU cm−3, which makes fermentation impossible. Fermentation kinetics using Monod's model supplemented with product inhibition was also investigated. Up to 1.7 % of alcohol accumulates in the beer in some of the variants within 7 days. At low fermentation temperatures, yeast biomass utilizes part of the substrate to maintain its vital activity under stress fermentation conditions, which leads to a reduction in the amount of alcohol synthesized. The synthesis and reduction of the secondary metabolites was delayed compared to conventional beer fermentation. The sensory evaluation of the beers produced showed that the most appealing beer was the one produced at 10 °C and pitching rate of 109 CFU cm−3.
Exploring the Impact of Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention
Authors: Korankye Benard , Amakyewaa Evelyn
Published: January 2021

Purpose- Several critical factors contribute to employees' satisfaction or an attempt to stay with an organization. This paper aimed to explore the impact of emotional and spiritual intelligence on job satisfaction and turnover intention among employees in the telecommunication companies in Ghana.
Design/Methodology- A cross-section research design approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to gather data from employees in MTN, Vodafone, and Airtel-Tigo in the Kumasi Metropolis Ghana through a simple random sampling approach. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) was to process data into tables and figures to help us undertake the descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
Findings- The study results indicate that emotional intelligence positively influences the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of employees. Spiritual Intelligence was found to influence job satisfaction positively but had a negative impact on the turnover intention of employees in mobile telecommunication companies.
Practical Implications- The findings highlight the relevance of emotional and spiritual intelligence in promoting job satisfaction and turnover intention relative to emotional intelligence specifically. Furthermore, it would aid organizations in the sector with a huge workforce and large customer base to critically assess issues relating to emotional and spiritual intelligence to enhance job satisfaction and minimize the intent to leave the organization.
Impacto da saúde bucal na aptidão física para a categoria master
Authors: Souza Bárbara Capitanio de , Carteri Randhall Bruce , Lopes André Luiz
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a influência do estado de saúde bucal na aptidão física de indivíduos acima de 40 anos e discutir a importância desta para o bom desenvolvimento esportivo. Métodos: Foi realizado uma revisão de literatura na base de dados Medline via Pubmed, considerando os artigos publicados a partir do ano 2000. A busca foi realizada utilizando as combinações de termos em inglês: perdas dentárias, saúde bucal, aptidão física, atleta máster, idoso, atleta. Foram excluídos os artigos que não tratavam do tema proposto, que avaliavam outras populações ou idosos dependentes, institucionalizados ou acamados, que não apresentavam relação com aspectos entre saúde bucal e aptidão física, estudos de revisão e relatos de caso. Ao final, foram selecionados 20 estudos. Resultados: Foi possível observar uma interessante associação entre diferentes condições de saúde bucal e características da aptidão física, em sujeitos com mais de 40 anos. As variáveis correspondentes à saúde bucal incluíram perdas dentárias, aspectos oclusais, reabilitação protética e doenças infectoinflamatórias. As variáveis analisadas associadas à aptidão física compreenderam a força e potência de membros inferiores, equilíbrio estático, velocidade de marcha e a força de preensão manual. Conclusão: O impacto da saúde bucal pode repercutir de modo negativo sobre a aptidão física, especialmente sobre atletas das categorias máster, pois estes estão submetidos a uma situação particular condicionada aos efeitos do envelhecimento. As estratégias de cuidado com a saúde bucal são importantes ferramentas para auxiliar na manutenção do desempenho esportivo.
Treinamento físico multicomponente aumenta a força, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico em mulheres de meia idade
Authors: Caldas Lucas Rogério dos Reis , Albuquerque Maicon Rodrigues , Lopes Eliane , Moreira Adriele Campos , Ribeiro Andreia Queiroz , Carneiro-Júnior Miguel Araújo
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo objetivou verificar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento físico multicomponente sobre a capacidade funcional de mulheres de meia idade. Trinta e cinco mulheres (51,8 ± 5,4 anos) foram submetidas a um programa de treinamento físico multicomponente durante 16 semanas. As voluntárias foram submetidas a medidas antropométricas e a uma bateria de testes adaptada para avaliar a capacidade funcional delas. Para verificar a normalidade dos dados adotou-se o teste Shapiro Wilk e para comparar os valores antes e após intervenção adotou-se teste t pareado. Calculou-se também o tamanho do efeito, sendo adotado α = 0,05 para todas as análises. Os resultados do estudo mostraram aumento na força de membros superiores (pré: 18,9 ± 4,3 vs pós: 22,8 ± 7,9 repetições) com tamanho do efeito médio, na força de membros inferiores (pré: 14,9 ± 2,8 vs pós: 17,3 ± 2,6 repetições) com tamanho do efeito grande, assim como melhora na agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico (pré: 5,4 ± 0,8 vs pós: 4,6 ± 0,5 segundos) com tamanho do efeito grande. Concluiu-se que o programa de treinamento físico multicomponente aumentou a força, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico de mulheres de meia idade, melhorando a capacidade funcional.
Ponto de deflexão da frequência cardíaca como método não invasivo para determinar o limiar anaeróbio no meio aquático em idosas treinadas
Authors: Andrade Luana Siqueira , Häfele Mariana Silva , Schaun Gustavo Zaccaria , Rodrigues Samara Nickel , Gomes Mariana Borba , David Gabriela Barreto , Pinto Stephanie Santana , Alberton Cristine Lima
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The anaerobic threshold (AT) determination is important for individualizing the aerobic training prescription. Objective: To compare and verify the agreement between oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the AT determined by the ventilatory threshold (VT) and heart rate deflection point (HRDP) methods during an aquatic incremental test in trained older women. Methods: Nine elderly women (64.3 ± 4.4 years) engaged in a water-based training program in the last three months performed a maximum incremental test using the water-based stationary running exercise. The test started at a 70 b.min-1 cadence for 2 min, followed by 15 b.min-1 increments every 2 min until exhaustion. VO2, HR and RPE were measured throughout the test and the AT was identified for each method (i.e., VT and HRDP) by three experienced physiologists. Paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis were used for data analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was no difference between the VT and HRDP methods (p>0.05) and the Bland-Altman analysis showed acceptable agreement between them for all investigated outcomes (VO2: 22.9 ± 5.1 vs. 23.5 ± 4.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, IC95%: -3-+4 ml.kg-1.min-1; HR: 147 ± 11 vs. 147 ± 11 bpm, IC95%: -9-+8 b.min-1; RPE: 16 ± 1 vs. 16 ± 1, IC95%: -2-+3). Conclusion: Based on these findings, both HR and RPE determined by the HRDP can be used as valid parameters and practical tools for field prescription of intensity during water-based exercises in elderly trained women.
Impacto da composição dietética e do treinamento resistido sobre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e o tecido adiposo abdominal em idosas
Authors: Souto Vitória Felí­cio , Silva Clécia Alves da , Lins Natalia Costa de Meira , Araújo Maria Lúcia Diniz , Costa André dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Senescência se dá como um processo orgânico natural de envelhecimento que traz consigo alterações na composição corporal e na qualidade de vida. Essas condições trazem como consequência o aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento das doenças cardiovasculares, tornando imprescindível uma alimentação adequada bem como a prática de exercícios físicos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de dois padrões de dieta (hiperproteica 1,8 g proteínas/kg/dia; normoproteica, 1,0 g de proteína/kg/dia) com redução de 300 kcal associada ao treinamento resistido sobre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e o tecido adiposo androide em idosas com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 25 mulheres idosas, com idade ≥60 anos e índice de massa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2. As participantes foram alocadas em três grupos distintos por randomização e submetidas a um programa de treinamento resistido por oito semanas. Dados antropométricos e dietéticos foram coletados. Resultados: Em relação às variáveis antropométricas e os indicadores de risco cardiovascular, foi encontrado efeito significativo para o tempo (Pré vs. Pós) no grupo controle com elevação nos índices de circunferência de cintura (p = 0,0001) e razão cintura-estatura (p = 0,002). Para índice de massa corporal e percentagem de gordura houve efeito significativo para o tempo no grupo hiperproteico (p = 0,039; p = 0,002) e no grupo normoproteico (p = 0,001; p = 0,012), respectivamente, enquanto que para a MC o grupo normoproteico teve diminuição significativa, efeito do tempo (p = 0,001) embora no grupo hiperproteico não obteve significância (p = 0,088) neste parâmetro. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que dieta prescritiva com padrões diferentes de ingestão de proteínas e restrição calórica associada ao treinamento resistido por oito semanas parece não ser eficiente em diminuir tantos fatores de risco cardiovascular como o tecido adiposo androide em idosas.
Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides afetam as respostas ao treinamento resistido em indivíduos idosos e de meia-idade?
Authors: Paz Claudio Luiz da Silva Lima , Sá Cloud Kennedy Couto de , Carvas Junior Nelson , Tenório Mário César Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) estão entre os medicamentos mais populares do mundo para o tratamento da dor e inflamação. Embora o uso a longo prazo de AINEs esteja associado a efeitos adversos renais, cardiovasculares, hepáticos e outros, também foi sugerido que ele pode causar comprometimento nas adaptações neuromuscular promovida pelo exercício. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi comparar os efeitos do uso de AINEs nas adaptações neuromusculares, como hipertrofia e força muscular em pessoas de meia-idade e idosos praticantes de treinamento resistido. Métodos: As bases de dados pesquisadas incluíram Bireme, Pubmed e Science Direct. As meta-análises foram conduzidas usando o método de estimativa de variância robusta de efeitos correlacionados com ajustes de pequenas amostras. Resultados: Seis estudos foram incluídos para análise meta-analítica, nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada para hipertrofia (ES: 0,000531 ± 0,0424, IC 95%: -0,123 - 0,124; P = 0,991) e força muscular (ES: 0,323 ± 0,213, 95% CI: -0,417 - 1,06; P = 0,258). Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão não sustentam a hipótese de que o uso de AINEs combinado com exercícios resistidos, influencie negativamente a hipertrofia e a força muscular.
A influência da idade sobre a magnitude de recuperação da frequência cardíaca em indivíduos treinados
Authors: Santana Victor Tavares de , Rached Herón , Aguillar Iago Nunes , Gardenghi Giulliano , Rocco Débora Dias Ferraretto Moura , Silva Alexandre Galvão da
Published: January 2021

Introdução: A recuperação da frequência cardíaca (RecFC), definida como declínio da frequência cardíaca (FC) após o exercício, é controlada por fatores neuro-humorais. Há duas fases observadas da RecFC, a rápida (reativação vagal), que compreende o período inicial entre 60 e 120 segundos e a lenta (retirada simpática), que vai até o retorno aos valores de repouso. Diversos fatores podem influenciar a RecFC, como o nível de condicionamento físico, o gênero, a idade e outros. Objetivo: Testar a hipótese de que existe diferença no declínio da RecFC entre adultos e adolescentes treinados. Métodos: Foram avaliados 58 jogadores de futebol, sexo masculino, divididos em dois grupos: Adolescentes (GJ) e Adultos (GA), com idade de 16,4 ± 0,5 e 27,9 ± 0,9 anos, respectivamente. Análises antropométricas, de FC e pressão arterial foram realizadas. Resultados: Ambos os grupos atingiram e ultrapassaram a frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) prevista pela idade. Os valores observados foram similares ao final da fase rápida da RecFC, enquanto ao final da fase lenta o grupo GJ obteve valores significativamente maiores. Valores de P < 0,05 foram considerados significantes. Conclusão: Os resultados da fase rápida apontam que altos níveis de condicionamento físico parecem atenuar o efeito deletério da idade sobre a reativação vagal. O mesmo efeito não foi observado sobre a retirada simpática durante a fase lenta, sendo assim, o grupo GJ obteve maiores valores de RecFC durante este período.
Estimulación multisensorial temprana desde la metodología Montessori: Reflexiones para su aplicación en condiciones de distanciamiento social.
Authors: Sailema Torres Ángel Aníbal , Acosta Bones Silvia Beatriz , Zapata Mocha Esmeralda Giovanna , Estupiñan Guamani Milena Aracely
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Dentro de las prioridades más importantes está la atención a la primera infancia. Con la llegada del COVIC 19, esto se ha visto grandemente afectado, provocando la necesidad de replantearse de diferentes maneras. En el contexto educativo debido al distanciamiento social ha provocado tener que migrar de la modalidad presencial a la online. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la factibilidad de la Metodología Montessori, para la estimulación multisensorial de niños con o sin necesidades educativas especiales, en condiciones de distanciamiento social. Metodología: El estudio siguió una metodología descriptiva, no experimental, mediante el empleo de métodos teóricos y empíricos y la RSL (Revisión Sistemática de Literatura), permitió consultar 46 fuentes  obteniendo como Resultados: La Identificación de 13 estudios potenciales que contribuyeron a sistematizar los fundamentos teóricos sobre la factibilidad de la Metodología Montessori, facilitando la concreción de 4 teorías esenciales: 1. Relación del Diagnóstico con el proceso de Intervención en edades tempranas. 2. La estimulación multisensorial base del desarrollo Infantil. 3. Los materiales y recursos didácticos favorecen el aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo integral del niño.4. La estimulación multisensorial temprana a niños con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas o no a discapacidad en condiciones de distanciamiento social un desafío permanente. Conclusiones: La sistematización de las teorías precedentes en torno a la Metodología Montessori resaltan su factibilidad, pertinencia y aplicabilidad para la estimulación multisensorial temprana en niños con o sin necesidades educativas especiales, sin embargo se evidencian limitaciones debido a los escasos estudios realizados en relación con su aplicabilidad en condiciones de aislamiento social, a esto se une la necesidad de capacitación y preparación del personal docente y del contexto familiar para  su optimización, así como la migración de los modelos pedagógicos presenciales hacia modelos pedagógicos virtuales.
El comercio justo en el contexto del desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Salas Castelo Edison Marcelo , Arguello Guadalupe Carla Sofía , Guapi Auquilla Andrea Patricia
Published: January 2021

Introducción. El comercio justo nace de la necesidad de una alternativa al comercio tradicional desde la visión capitalista, el cual no ha encontrado la forma de impulsar el desarrollo de las naciones de manera equitativa. Mas aun, un gran número de autores subrayan la responsabilidad del comercio tradicional sobre el crecimiento de la desigualdad y el empobrecimiento de muchas naciones a nivel global. Ante este fracaso del comercio tradicional, el comercio justo surge para plantear una forma nueva de intercambio comercial basado en el respeto, el diálogo, la equidad entre productores y consumidores y la responsabilidad ambiental Objetivos. Analizar los principios del comercio justo, sus principios, los obstáculos para su adopción y aplicación y las tareas a realizar y la articulación que existe entre el comercio justo y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible propuestos por el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.  Metodología. Para la realización de este trabajo de investigación se empleó la metodología de análisis documental, incluyendo documentos relevantes sobre el objeto de investigación. Diferentes recursos bibliográficos fueron analizados, con especial énfasis en el contexto latinoamericano. Resultados. Existen muchas barreras para que los pequeños productores adopten e implementen proyectos bajo este esquema de comercio alternativo, tales como costos demasiado elevados de las certificaciones, débil representación de los productores en las organizaciones que deciden los criterios para otorgar las certificaciones de comercio justo, bajo nivel de conocimiento de los ciudadanos sobre las principios y actividades del comercio justo, falta de recursos económicos y financieros de los productores, entre otros. Conclusiones. El acceso al esquema del comercio justo es más fácil para organizaciones de productores grandes, con mayor experiencia en temas como la exportación, con estructuras organizacional maduras, por poner unos pocos ejemplos, lo cual causa que pequeños productores sean cada vez más marginalizados. Sin embargo, el comercio justo bien aplicado es, sin duda, una ventajosa herramienta para el desarrollo sustentable.
Legacies of Love, Peace and Hope: How Bioethics Education can Overcome Hatred and Divide
Authors: Macer Darryl R.J.
Published: January 2021

In our pursuit of a good life (eubios), both individuals and societies, need to educate themselves on the pursuit of love of life in all domains, self-love, love of others, loving good and love of life.  In this paper I reflect on my own journey through growing up in Christchurch, and experiences around the world, that are the basis for that conclusion.  In our efforts to pursuit bioethics education we can enhance peaceful and harmonius coexistence in our world, through nurturing good decisions that we should all make.
Study of Molecular Interaction in Aqueous KCl at Different Temperatures
Authors: Praharaj M. K.
Published: January 2021

Ultrasonic velocity, density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity have been measured for an aqueous solution of KCl at different concentrations and temperatures, the frequency is maintained at a constant value. Using the above experimental data, parameters such as Rao's constant, Wada's constant, solvation number, and surface tension were calculated and the molecular interactions between molecules of KCl and water at different temperatures was studied. Using Walden's plot, the ionicity of the solution was also studied.
Some Results on the Sandor-Smarandache Function
Authors: Islam S. M. S. , Majumdar A. A. K.
Published: January 2021

Sandor introduced a new Smarandache-type function, denoted by SS(n), and is called the Sandor-Smarandache function. When n is an odd (positive) integer, then SS(n) has a very simple form, as has been derived by Sandor himself. However, when n is even, then the form of SS(n) is not simple, and remains an open problem. This paper finds SS(n) for some special cases of n. Particular attention is given to values of the general forms SS(2mp), SS(6mp), SS(60mp) and SS(420mp), where m is any (positive) integer and p is an odd prime. Some particular cases have been treated in detail. In Section 4, some remarks are observed.
Realization of Inverse Active Filters Using Single Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier
Authors: Paul T. K. , Roy S. , Pal R. R.
Published: January 2021

The authors introduce a new single current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) based inverse filter configuration. By appropriate selection of admittances, different inverse filter circuits like inverse high-pass (IHP) circuit, inverse low-pass (ILP) circuit, inverse band-reject (IBR) circuit and inverse band-pass (IBP) circuit can be realized from the same configuration. The capacitors used here are grounded/virtually grounded for all the realizations. The performances of the proposed filters have been judged by using CMOS structure of CDBA with TSMC 0.35 µm technology as well as by using the available IC of current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) i.e. AD844 based CDBA. The simulation results agreed well with the theoretical results. Monte-Carlo simulation has also been performed to check the robustness of the proposed configuration.
Dufour Effect on MHD Free Convection Heat and Mass Transfer Effects Flow over an Inclined Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium
Authors: Islam S. H. , Begum P. , Sarma D.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study is to present an exact analysis the effect of heat generation parameter and Dufour number on the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid over an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium. The impulsively started plate with variable temperature and mass diffusion is considered. The dimensionless momentum equation coupled with the energy and mass diffusion equations are analytically solved using the closed analytical method. Expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration fields are obtained. They satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and can be reduced, as special cases, to some known solutions from the literature. Expressions for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained. Finally, the effects of parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and skin friction coefficient are graphically displayed.
Recent Development of Trifluoromethyl Reagents: A Review
Authors: Bhowmick A. C.
Published: January 2021

Organic molecules having fluorine atom are very important since it increases the lipophilicity that is essential for drug development and additionally strong carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond makes the material unique, especially for material chemistry. Instead of elemental fluorine, recently trifluoromethylated materials (CF3) have drawn considerable attention in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. In the continuous development of the trifluoromethylated reagents, over the last few decades, some trifluoromethylated reagents have been well developed and the efficiency of these reagents for incorporating CF3 group on different types of substrates are also studied. In this article, all types of available trifluoromethylated reagents and their effectiveness on suitable substrates are summarized. Additionally, the methods of synthesizing trifluoromethylated substrates are discussed. Finally, the scopes of the development of new reagents after focusing on the shortcomings of the current reagents are also discussed.
Kajian Potensi Sumber Daya Perikanan di Kecamatan Ampenan Kota Mataram Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Wilandari Saponi , Sinaga Walson Halomoan , Nuraini Yenni
Published: January 2021

Kota Mataram merupakan salah satu kota yang ada di Nusa Tenggara Barat yang memiliki potensi perikanan dalam sektor budidaya, pengolahan, dan penangkapan. Kajian Potensi Sumber Daya Perikanan di Kecamatan Ampenan Kota Mataram  merupakan salah satu langkah awal untuk menggali data dan informasi untuk menentukan bahan dan metode penyuluhan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan  guna mendorong percepatan pembangunan di sektor perikanan khususnya dan pembangunan nasional pada umumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji potensi SDA, SDM perikanan dan sosial perikanan di Kecamatan Ampenan, Kota Mataram, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data adalah borang dan kuisioner dengan materi kondisi umum Kecamatan Ampenan, kondisi umum sumber daya manusia, kondisi potensi sumber daya penunjang, dan kondisi perikanan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan metode observasi. Kecamatan Ampenan memiliki potensi perikanan mulai dari simber daya alam, sumber daya manusia, dan sumber daya penunjang. Permodalan pelaku usaha berasal dari modal sendiri. Rumah tangga perikanan (RTP) berjumlah 1.114 RTP dan sekitar 79,1% dari jumlah RTP yang ada berusaha dibidang penangkapan ikan (nelayan). Kelompok perikanan yang terbentuk sebanyak 54 kelompok.
Analisis Potensi dan Permasalahan Pengembangan Wilayah Pesisir di Kecamatan Arosbaya Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Hur Ririn Rosita , Ruchimat Toni , Nuraini Yenni
Published: January 2021

Potensi sumber daya pesisir Indonesia sangat beragam, baik dari segi kualitas dan kuantitasnya, tetapi tanpa menyadari bahwa potensi tersebut sampai saat ini belum secara optimal dikembangkan dan dikelola sesuai dengan aturan kode etik perikanan yang bertanggung jawab (code of conduct for responsible fisheries/CCRF). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2019 yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dan permasalahan pada pengembangan wilayah pesisir di Kecamatan Arosbaya Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Analisis potensi dan permasalahan tersebut dilakukan dengan metode PRA melalui pengisian borang, yang berjumlah 42 responden sebagai sampel, terdiri dari 39 orang dibidang penangkapan, 2 orang dibidang budidaya ikan, dan 1 orang dibidang pengolahan hasil perikanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Arosbaya merupakan kawasan potensial baik dibidang usaha perikanan dan ekosistem mangrove yang terbentang didalamnya. Pada pengembangan potensi tersebut, ditemukan beberapa permasalahan terkait dibidang usaha perikanan ataupun pada pelestarian ekosistem yang ada. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai masukan dalam mewujudkan pengelolaan dan pengembangan secara co-management.
Obesidade na adolescência: um perfil traçado atualmente através de revisão narrativa
Authors: Nascimento Maciel Borges do , Porto Murilo de Jesus , Souza Jaciara Pinheiro de , Guerra Maria de Fátima Santana de Souza , Araujo Ana Mara Borges , Andrade Walber Barbosa de , Santana Welde Natan Borges de , Santos Gilvania Piedade , Santana Antero Fontes de , Silva Sandra Regina Santana
Published: January 2021

A obesidade consiste em uma condição clínica caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura no organismo, considerada uma doença genética multifatorial, agravadas por fatores ambientais, psicológicas, culturais, hereditários, alimentares, hormonais e metabólicos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir sobre a obesidade na adolescência em período escolar através de uma revisão literatura. Como processo metodológico, tratra-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa simples. A coleta de dados para a realização deste estudo foi feito a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico através de busca eletrônica de artigos indexados no Scielo, Google Acadêmico, Lilacs, sites confiáveis, manuais do Ministério da Saúde. Como resutados apresentados, pode-se notar que, nos últimos anos, houve um grande número de casos de obesidade na infância e na adolescência. Várias pesquisas apontam que este crescimento repentino da obesidade pode estar associado com diversos fatores contribuintes como: maus hábitos alimentares, sedentarismo, fatores genéticos, nível socioeconômico e fatores emocionais. Estudos mostram que fatores genéticos têm grande influência no aumento da obesidade, sendo ela  uma doença complexa e heterogênea. É importante ressaltar que fatores genéticos por si só não explicam o ganho de peso. Dessarte, a combinação de genes com os fatores supramencionados estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento das formas mais comuns da obesidade. Vários tratamentos foram mencionados durante essa revisão, sendo que a atividade física na adolescência juntamente com a MEV têm seu papel fundamental no  tratamento e prevenção da obesidade.
Environmental forcing on zooplankton distribution in the coastal waters of the Galápagos Islands: spatial and seasonal patterns in the copepod community structure
Authors: Figueroa DF
Published: January 2021

The oceanographic setting of the Galápagos Archipelago results in a spatially diverse marine environment suitable for a variety of species with different climatic requirements. The goal of this study is to demonstrate that the community of zooplankton in the Galápagos is highly structured by regional differences in productivity patterns and advective sources. Results are mostly based on biodiversity patterns of the copepod community collected over the Galápagos shelf between 2004 and 2006. Two contrasting marine environments were observed: a nutrient-rich upwelling system with a shallow mixed layer and a diatom-dominated phytoplankton community in the west, and a non-upwelling system with a deeper mixed layer, lower surface nutrient concentrations, and a phytoplankton community dominated by small cells in the east. These conditions drive spatial structuring of zooplankton that varies seasonally, with 3 distinct copepod communities separated geographically in western, central, and southeastern regions. The western upwelling region has a high-abundance and low-diversity community, whereas the non-upwelling eastern region has a lower-abundance and higher-diversity community. The eastern community is further differentiated into central and southeastern regions, the former with tropical species advected from the north, the latter with temperate species advected from the south. During the warm season, when the equatorial front moves south, species typical of the central region spread southwest across the archipelago. This is the first taxonomically comprehensive list of copepod species for the Galápagos Islands. A total of 164 copepod species are identified, including 22 species previously unreported from the Eastern Tropical Pacific.
Identifying Early Extraperitoneal High-Volume Urine Leak Post Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Churchill Brian Mark , Sharma Ajay , Aziz Davis , Halawa Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Transplant clinicians need to be watchful of several potential surgical complications in the early post-transplant period, including haemorrhage, extraperitoneal urine leak, and lymphocele. While haemorrhage and extraperitoneal urine leak usually present in the early post kidney transplant period, lymphoceles usually present 2–6 weeks after transplantation. While the colour and volume of the drained fluid can give some indication of the problem, is not enough evidence for a confident urine leak diagnosis. Further investigations, such as serum biochemical parameter analysis of the drained fluid and ultrasonography, help to identify the true cause. This paper discusses how to identify high-volume extraperitoneal urine leaks in the early post kidney transplant period and considers the differential diagnoses. Different ureteroneocystostomy procedures, including the Lich–Grégoir, Politano–Leadbetter, and U-stitch techniques, are discussed and compared regarding complication rates (especially urine leak and haematuria). The authors also address the management of low- and high-volume extraperitoneal urine leak, the follow-up needed, and the impact of urine leak on graft and patient survival, length of hospital stay, and rate of hospital readmission.
EFEKTIFITAS PERASAN DAUN SIRIH HIJAU ( PIPER BETLE L.) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI TERHADAP MORTALITAS BELALANG HIJAU (OXYA SERVILLE)
Authors: Rahmawati Anita
Published: January 2021

Tanaman sirih merupakan tanaman hijau yang merambat dengan daun yang berbentuk hati. Tanaman dari keluarga  PiperaceaeIni berasal dari Asia Selatan (India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Langka) serta tumbuh luas di kawasan malaysia dan Indonesia.Tanaman ini potensial untuk di budidayakan karena dapat di gunakan sebagai anti septik dan obat luka.Tanaman ini tidak dipercaya efektif untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, Salah satu contoh yaitu karies gigi.Dalam studi farmakologi, daun sirih hijau dapat digunakan sebagai obat analgesik, anti bisul, anti alergi, anti bakteri, anti jentik nyamuk, anti oksidan, dan anti serangga serta anti diabetes.Dalam penelitian ini perasan daun sirih hijau ditumbuk halus denan dosis 35ml, 45ml, dan 55ml. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkp (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali pengulangan.

Berdasarkan hasil uji dan dapat diketahui bahwa hasil Asymp.Sig adalah 0,258> 0,05 dapat diartikan bahwa secara stastistik Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Data tersebut diperoleh dari hasil uji anova terhadap tiga kali perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan selama 12 jam dengan dosis yaitu 35 ml, 45 ml, dan 55 ml. Setelah data diuji menggunakan anova hasilnya tidak signifikan dan tidak perlu menggunakan uji lanjut.
Historia de la Escuela de Salud Pública del Perú (1964-1985). Antecedentes, desarrollo y comentarios.
Authors: Morales-Soto Nelson Raúl
Published: January 2021

En la Presentación el Dr. Manuel Alberto Díaz de los Santos, Director General de Personal de Salud, Ministerio de Salud, apunta: “El libro que presentamos, es el resultado de la sistematización de aspectos históricos fundamentales del país y del extranjero para contextualizar el origen y procesos históricos de la Escuela; utilizando imágenes y relatos que entrelazan el proceso pasado-presente y perspectiva de futuro; alguno de estos materiales han sido recopilados de archivos históricos, fotográficos y publicaciones de la época. La obra tiene una estructura formal basada en capítulos y sub-capítulos, que son escenarios analizados de las etapas históricas de reconstrucción de la Escuela de Salud Pública del Perú y de cómo responde el Estado en los diversos períodos a la progresiva expansión de los servicios de salud y a la necesidad de formación y capacitación en salud pública. Igualmente, los autores comparten el interés de entender la salud pública peruana a partir de la historia de la Escuela de Salud Pública del Perú, logros y tensiones de cada período y las posibilidades y desafíos que ofrecen para el futuro de la salud pública peruana”.
The Accuracy and Precision of Measurement: Tools for Validating Reaction Time Stimuli
Authors: Calcagnotto Leandro Avila , Huskey Richard , Kosicki Gerald M.
Published: January 2021

Measurement noise differs by instrument and limits the validity and reliability of findings. Researchers collecting reaction time data introduce noise in the form of response time latency from hardware and software, even when collecting data on standardized computer-based experimental equipment. Reaction time is a measure with broad application for studying cognitive processing in communication research that is vulnerable to response latency noise. In this study, we utilized an Arduino microcontroller to generate a ground truth value of average response time latency in Asteroid Impact, an open source, naturalistic, experimental video game stimulus. We tested if response time latency differed across computer operating system, software, and trial modality. Here we show that reaction time measurements collected using Asteroid Impact were susceptible to response latency variability on par with other response-latency measuring software tests. These results demonstrate that Asteroid Impact is a valid and reliable stimulus for measuring reaction time data. Moreover, we provide researchers with a low-cost and open-source tool for evaluating response time latency in their own labs. Our results highlight the importance of validating measurement tools and support the philosophy of contributing methodological improvements in communication science.
Techno-Economic Analyses of the CaO/CaCO3 Post-Combustion CO2 Capture From NGCC Power Plants
Authors: Fu Chao , Roussanaly Simon , Jordal Kristin , Anantharaman Rahul
Published: January 2021

Calcium looping is a post-combustion technology that enables CO2 capture from the flue gases of industrial processes. While considerable studies have been performed at various levels from fundamental reaction kinetics to the overall plant efficiency, research work on techno-economic analyses of the calcium looping processes is quite limited, particularly for the Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC). Earlier work has shown that theoretically, a high thermal efficiency can be obtained when integrating calcium looping in the NGCC using advanced process configurations and a synthetic CaO sorbent. This paper presents an investigation of calcium looping capture for the NGCC through a techno-economic study. One simple and one advanced calcium looping processes for CO2 capture from NGCC are evaluated. Detailed sizing of non-conventional equipment such as the carbonator/calciner and the solid-solid heat exchanger are performed for cost analyses. The study shows that the CO2 avoided cost is 86–95 €/tCO2, avoided, which is considerably more expensive than the reference amine (MEA) capture system (49 €/tCO2, avoided). The calcium looping processes considered have thus been found not to be competitive with the reference MEA process for CO2 capture from NGCC with the inputs assumed in this work. Significant improvements would be required, for example, in terms of equipment capital cost, plant efficiency and sorbent annual cost in order to be make the calcium looping technology more attractive for capturing CO2 from NGCC plants.