bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Mechanical Property and Structure of Water Erosion Triple Base Propellants
Authors: Sun Jun Wei , Zhang Fu Yang , Du Ping
Published: November 2013

The water immersion technique is conducted to increase the surface area of the triple base propellant. In order to investigate the influence of water erosion on triple base propellants, the SEM and material tester were used to observe the surface texture and test the mechanical property at different temperature .The result shows that the effect of water erosion on structure is superficial, the erosion depth is about 50~150 μm after 60 minutes,which does not impact the interior structure. The tests of mechanical property indicate that the mechanical property declines with the time of water erosion increasing, the decrease at room temperature is less than the decrease at high and low temperature.
Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Expansive Soil Improved by Lime - Weathered Sand
Authors: Huang Meng Yun , Xiong Jun Lai , Tang Ji Bing , Long Chi
Published: November 2013

This paper ananlyzes and contrasts the direct shear test of the expansive soil with different weathered sand dosage (mass ratio) and different lime dosage (mass ratio) in the case of the expansive soil with some water content and dry density .And try to analyzes and researches the impact of expansive soil improved by weathered sand and lime shear strength index . The direct shear test by the expansive soil mixed with different proportions of weathered sand and lime can be concluded that: mixing the weathered sand to improve the shear strength of expansive soil is effective, and cohesion gradually decreases with the increase of doped proportion of sand and the angle of internal friction first increases with the increase of doped proportion of sand and then decreases ;mixing of lime is effective to improve the shear strength of expansive soil, and cohesion gradually decreases with the increase of doped proportion of lime and angle of internal friction first increases and then decreases with the increase of doped proportion of lime. The shear strength of improved expansive soil can meet the subgrade filling with soil standards and at the same time the expansive soil improved by weathered sand and lime reduces the amount of lime and reduce project cost when to achieve the same shear strength standards.
The Seismic Appraisal and Analysis of Steel Structure Strengthening of a Frame Structure
Authors: Chen Chi , Hu Liang , Li Jia Yuan
Published: November 2013

This paper combines with a practical framework and structure design of aseismic reinforcement, conducting with the original structure two levels of seismic identification. Through the analysis of the results of identification, choosing reinforcement of steel structure scheme on the original structure. According to analysis of the results of original structure reinforcement by software calculating, understanding the seismic strengthening effect on the overall performance of the original structure. So as to provide reference for similar projects.
Effect of Width-to-Thickness Ratio on Large Deformation in Shear Panel Hysteresis Damper Using Low Yield Point Steel
Authors: Abebe Daniel Y. , Choi Jae Hyouk , Jeong Si Jeong
Published: November 2013

Recently, building and other civil engineering structures are built with energy dissipating device in order to reduce the damages caused by earthquake. There are a number of seismic energy dissipating device and steel dampers are among many energy dissipation device which is widely used because they are easy for construction, maintenance and low cost. Shear panel damper (SPD) is a type steel damper that dissipates energy by metallic deformation or using hysteresis of material as a source of energy dissipation. Low yield point steel is a good material to be used as a hysteresis damper since it has excellent ductility performance. Nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out to predict the large deformation and hysteretic behavior of SPD using low yield point steel (SLY120) for different width-to-thickness ratio. In order to verify the analysis simulation, quasi-static loading was also conducted and from the comparison a satisfactory result was found.
Numerical Analysis on the Seismic Resistance of Steel Tube Columns Filled with Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Wang Xu Xiang , Liu Feng , Feng Wen Xian , Zeng Lan
Published: November 2013

Horizontal bearing capacity and seismic resistance of Recycled aggregate Concrete Filled Steel Tube (RCFST) columns under low cyclic loads have been analyzed by nonlinear finite element software in this paper. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model was developed, and some parameters that affect the restoring force model of RCFST columns were studied, including axial compression ratio, steel ratio, steel yield strength, strength of core recycled aggregate concrete and recycled aggregate substitution rate. Analysis results show that, along with steel ratio, steel yield strength and recycled aggregate substitution rate increasing, seismic resistance of RCFST becomes better. However, the increase of core recycled aggregate concrete and axial compression ratio will weaken seismic resistance of RCFST columns.
Probabilistic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Slope
Authors: Vongchavalitkul Sanguan
Published: November 2013

Since 2001, the population at the second biggest city of Thailand, Nakhonratchasima has increased more than 10 %, this lead to generate a substantial volume of solid waste. In this situation creates two distinct problems: (i) a lack of cleanliness around the city; and (ii) solid waste disposal. Approximately 189 tonnes of solid waste are generated each day in the city municipality of Nakhonratchasima. Collected waste is currently disposed to an open landfill located on the citys outskirts. The landfill is located at the former waste water treatment oxidation ponds of a starch factory and has an area of 302,000 m2. In addition to the 180 tones of domestic waste, another 20 tones of industrial waste are land-filled each day. It is known that the main problem of landslide in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) come from unstable of slope that caused by height [1,2] and rainfall infiltration condition [3,.The MSW and related research of the slpoe stability of MSW are in the early stage in Thailand and has no standards to control its landfills and rereutlization. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the probability slope stability analysis of MSW landfill slope by consider with MSW height and rainfall infiltration condition. This study is conducted using laboratory data and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) are carried out to obtain reliability index (β) and probability of failure (Pf) for the stability of landfill slope. The result shown the 2 cases, the first case is investigated on slope 1 : 2 (10 m. Height) and the second case is slope 1:2 (15 m. Height). Two case studies will find out the effect on the rainfall infiltration condition increase40% 60% and 80% of unit weight.
Effects of Acid Catalyst Types and Concentrations on Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Mixed Crude Palm Oil Using Continuous Static Mixer
Authors: Somnuk Krit , Prateepchaikul Gumpon
Published: November 2013

Free fatty acid (FFA) in mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) must be reduced to less than 1 wt.% or 2 mgKOH.g-1of acid value by the acid-catalyzed esterification process when the base-catalyzed transesterification was used to produce the biodiesel for the two-stage process. This study was to investigate the effects of acid catalyst types: sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCL) at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 vol.% of acid catalyst concentration on the reduction of acid value in MCPO by the continuous static mixer. Results indicated that H2SO4has the most significant variable affecting the acid value in MCPO. The acid catalyst concentration of 1.0 and 1.5 vol.% H2SO4can reduce the acid value to less than 2 mgKOH.g-1with 15 vol.% of methanol and 5-meter in the length of static mixer, while both H3PO4and HCL could not reduce the acid value was reduced to less than 2 mgKOH.g-1. Moreover, the results clearly indicated that HCL has the lowest significance effect on the acid value reduction in MCPO by the esterification reaction.
Dynamics of Suspended Sediments Related to Fine Particles in Lower Mekong River
Authors: Promkotra Sarunya
Published: November 2013

Analytical results are considered the factors of suspended sediment concentration, fall velocity, dimensionless shear stress, transportation rate and stream discharge. As a result of suspended sediments of Loei, Huang and Mekong River, fine particles account for the applicability in sediment deposits. Floating suspended sediments explicit more clay minerals than suspended sediments. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the estuarine of Loei River and Huang River are moderately less than Mekong River. Flow directions of the interconnected rivers to the mainstream-Mekong River lead to the quantity of SSC. Sediment concentrations attain to the dynamic response. Dimensionless shear stress relates to shear velocity, geometry and grain size of particles, and difference of flow velocity. This shear stress is directly comparative to flow velocity and clay mineral concentrations. The transport rate involves in the flow velocity, SSC and depth of the river. Moreover, stream discharge can be presumed by the geometry of the river and topography of sampling locations.
Study of Residential Energy-Saving Green Technology
Authors: Cheng Wei
Published: November 2013

The green house is a green building technology in residential application of the specific embodiment .It is the use of ecological principles and following the principles of sustainable development, ecological balance that is to design, organize indoor and outdoor spaces in residential buildings of various material factors and create no pollution, ecological smooth the built environment. Ecological Housing characteristics summarize in four aspects, namely, comfortable, healthy, efficient and beautiful. The pursuit of comfort and health are the basis of ecological residence and the pursuit of efficiency is the core of ecological residence as well as the pursuit of beauty is in harmony with nature ecological house of perfection. At present, the construction market in the application of ecological and energy-saving technologies exist errors, green technology does not mean that the ecological high-tech and high cost. Green paper from the overall current situation of residential construction, and ecological building techniques are used in a variety of ecological and energy-saving technologies that were specific research in the "Ecological housing design," The profound basis of knowledge and research focusing on ecological housing should be adopted by the design principles of appropriate technology through the specific architectural practice. It summarizes the key on the actual project that should be considered and applied technology.
Ductility and Strength of Modified Recycled Aggregates Columns with Silica Fume and Hybrid Fiber
Authors: Li Tao , Du Yuan Fang , Wang She Liang , Yang Tao
Published: November 2013

In order to make up for the defects of new and old aggregate, making full use of the function of silicon fume and hybrid fiber, cyclic loading tests were carried out on five concrete with recycled aggregate columns and an ordinary concrete frame column under the combined influence with different admixtures and its ratios (silica powder and hybrid fiber) . This text was focused on the properties and failure pattern of specimens, displacement ductility coefficient, ultimate displacement rotation and horizontal bearing capacity. The test results showed that a low content of silica powder could improve ductility performance, while the addition of hybrid fiber made the ductility to be further enhanced and improved the early strength by a larger margin than later stage. With the constitutive relation and adjusting the modification coefficient of concrete stress strain curve using MATLAB, It could be more accurate on the bearing capacity of the columns.
An Ontology-Based Automatic Semantic Annotation Approach for Patent Document Retrieval in Product Innovation Design
Authors: Wang Feng , Lin Lan Fen , Yang Zhou
Published: November 2013

Patent retrieval plays a very important role in product innovation design. However, current patent retrieval approaches lack semantic comprehension and association, and usually cannot capture the implicit useful knowledge at a semantic level. In order to improve the traditional patent search, this paper proposes a novel ontology-based automatic semantic annotation approach based on the thorough analysis of patent documents, which combines both structure and content characteristics, and integrates multiple techniques from various aspects. Multilayer semantic model is established to realize unified semantic representation. The approach first utilizes template schemes to extract the structure information from patent documents, and then identifies semantics of entities and relations between entities from the content based on natural language processing techniques and domain knowledge, and at last employs a heuristic pattern learning method to abstract patent technical features. Case study is provided to show that our approach can acquire multi-level patent semantic knowledge from multiple perspectives, and discover semantic correlations between patent documents, which can further promote the accurate patent semantic retrieval effectively.
P2P Networks Considering Sybil-Proof with the Reputation of Social Link
Authors: Guo Zong Yuan , Madrazo Carlos , Koyanag Keiichi
Published: November 2013

In P2P networks, malice peers forge identity to interrupt routing, called Sybil attack. To avoid it, methods in related works consider routing as random walk. Since the destination of random walk is hard to predict, Sybil-proof P2P networks need large routing information to support routing. However, a large size routing table constrains the scalability of the system. Therefore, we aim to develop a routing algorithm to satisfy the requirement of P2P networks which has a good performance at Sybil-Proof by using a reasonable size of routing table. Social links are useful to prevent a Sybil attack because friend peers have little chance to be a Sybil peer. In this proposed method, reputation of social link is useful for achieving this objective. Considering the distance to destination peers can help for routing efficiency and considering the reputation can make routing to have better performance resisting Sybil-attacks.
Analysis on the Accuracy of a Network Real Time Kinematic GPS Using the Steel Tape and Triangulation
Authors: Lee Eun Soo , Cho Sung Ho , Um Dae Yong
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this Study is to analyze the accuracy of a network RTK GPS, by performing taping, triangulation & Network RTK (Real Time Kinematic) GPS observation on certain measuring points and comparing all locational data based on the calculational & geometric solution method. The deviation in the measured length & coordinate between the steel tape and the Network RTK GPS was within 2cm while the deviation in the measured coordinate between the triangulation and the Network RTK GPS was within 3cm. With the fact that the performance of the taping or the triangulation is less sensitive to its surroundings taken into consideration, it could be concluded that an average locational accuracy of most Network RTK GPS processes in Korea was within 3cm.
The Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chen Xia , Luo Jian Ping , Liu Ye , Long Cheng Zhi
Published: November 2013

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network which connect the human and the nature. The lifetime is an important standard which measures the network is good or not. The routing can influence on the lifetime of the network. This paper mainly introduces some routing protocols in WSN and describes their advantages and shortcomings.
CIM/SVG Based Graphics-Module Integration Power Platform with Secondary Development of Visio
Authors: Chen Yan Zhou , Sun Yi Zhen , Wu Li Li , Feng Dong , Zhou Quan , Xie Hui Fan
Published: November 2013

The information island problem of interacting between graphic and module data of various power dispatching automation application systems can be solved by using the CIM (Common Information Model) to demonstrate the data of the equipment and SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) to show the equipment. A visual intelligent calculating and analyzing CIM/SVG graphics-module integration power platform is proposed based on Microsoft Office Visio 2007 and secondary development of Visio Studio C#. The presented platform combined the powerful drawing function of Visio with IEC (International Electro technical Commission) 61970 standard and case study shows its feasibility and effectiveness.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Palladium Pressure-Cyanide Dissolution
Authors: Zhao J.S. , Yan L.
Published: November 2013

At room temperature and pressures, the reaction between sodium cyanide and platinum group metals (PGMs) does not occur because of poor kinetics. However, at elevated temperatures, PGMs can be leached by sodium cyanide like the reaction of gold. However, few rate expression which describe the leaching of Palladium in cyanide solution has been developed. In this paper, the rate of Palladium dissolution was measured in pressure clear cyanide solution using a Palladium rotating disk. The data at different rotation speed, cyanide concentrations, temperature and oxygen pressure are obtained. The dissolution rates were independent of rotation speed for oxygen-saturated solutions between 100-400rpm. With increasing temperature the dissolution rate is increased. With increasing cyanide concentration and oxygen pressure, the dissolution rate first increased to a maximum value and then decreased.
Multi-Criteria Optimisation in Drilling of Epoxy/Glass Fabric Hybrid Nanocomposite Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Ponnuvel S. , Moorthy T.V.
Published: November 2013

This paper presents a study on the influence of cutting parameters (Cutting speed and Feed rate) on drilling multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled epoxy / glass fabric hybrid polymeric nanocomposite. For comparison neat epoxy / glass fabric polymeric composite was also fabricated. Drilling tests were carried out on these materials with HSS twist drill of diameter 6mm. Optimal cutting conditions were found using grey relational analysis by simultaneously considering the surface delaminations of the drilled holes at the entrance and exit sides. Surface delaminations of the drilled holes were quantified in terms of delamination factor. From the mean grey relational grades, it is observed that the multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has significant effect in improving the drilled hole quality. Mean grey relational grades of MWCNTs filled epoxy composite was found to be better than that of neat epoxy composite.
The Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Formation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Thermal-Treatment
Authors: Al-Hada Naif Mohammed , Saion Elias , Shaari A.H. , Kamarudin M.A. , Gene Salahudeen A.
Published: November 2013

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the thermal-treatment method. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as capping agent and Zinc nitrate was used as a precursor. The samples were calcined at 500 and 550°C for removal of the organic compounds. The structural characteristics of the calcined samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the average particle size increases with increase in calcination temperature. The optical properties were characterized at room temperature using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range between 200–800 nm and the band gap energy was calculated from reflectance spectra using kubalka munk function and the results indicated that the band gap energy decreased from 3.23 eV at 500 oC to 3.21 eV at 600 °C due to an increase of particle size. This simple thermal-treatment method has advantages of the pure nanoparticles formation as no additional chemicals were required, a lack of by-product effluents, and environmentally friendly process.
Oxygen Partial Pressure Effect on Nano-Structure and NO Gas Detection Sensitivity of Sputtered MoO3 Thin Films
Authors: Khojier Kaykhosrow , Fasihnikoutalab Mahsa , Moradi Ghazal
Published: November 2013

This paper explains the influence of oxygen partial pressure on crystallographic structure, surface morphology and sensing properties of sputtered MoO3 thin films. The MoO3 thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique on glass substrate at different oxygen partial pressures in the range of 5×10-5-4×10-4 mbar. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that all prepared films were polycrystalline of α-MoO3 stable orthorhombic phase. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images depicted a needle-like structure for deposited film at lowest oxygen partial pressure (5×10-5 mbar) and a granular structure for formed samples at higher oxygen partial pressures (1×10-4 and 2×10-4 mbar). These results also showed that increasing of oxygen partial pressure up to 2×10-4 mbar caused increasing of grains size and surface roughness, while an increase in oxygen partial pressure to the highest pressure (4×10-4 mbar) had an inverse effect. The electrical response of samples was measured in vacuum and NO environments in the temperature range of 150-350 K. This study showed that the NO gas detection sensitivity of MoO3 thin films improved with increasing of oxygen partial pressure up to 2×10-4 mbar, and then decreased.
Effect of Electron Thermal Carriers on Thermal Diffusivity of Metals
Authors: Jibrin Sani , Maarof Moksin Mohd , Husin Mohd Shahril , Zakaria Azmi , Hassan Jumiah , Abidin Bin Talib Zainal
Published: November 2013

A photoflash method of thermal diffusivity measurement was used to determine the value of thermal diffusivity of a sandwiched aluminum layer in a three-layer sample when the sample is simultaneously subjected to both thermal and electric field gradients. The value of the thermal diffusivity of the sample initially measured before electric field was applied agreed well with other reported results. The thermal diffusivity was also found to decrease or increase under the influence of the electric field strength or direction.
Prediction of Retarded Fatigue Life due to a Single Overload Spike Using an Exponential Model
Authors: Lu Nian Li , Zhan Wei Gang , Wang Yan Mei
Published: November 2013

Fatigue is the most common failure mechanisms in structures of construction machinery with inherent defects under variable amplitude loading, which have to endure for a long term cycle loadings in the actual service. In the present investigation an exponential model is proposed for fatigue life prediction with retardation caused by a single spike under constant amplitude loading. Comparisons between the predicted life and the experimental data are provided to demonstrate the utility and robustness of the proposed model.
Study on Surface Feature of Large Die and Polishing Quality during Floating Polishing
Authors: Zhang Shu Wen , Xu Xiao Cun
Published: November 2013

During the transferring process of the large die surfaces, there are extensive needs of die surface polishing. Since almost large die surfaces are free-form surfaces, currently, these are almost manually implemented. In order to overcome this barrier, in this paper, firstly, large die surfaces were geometrically characterized, and their polishing processes for the die surfaces features were then analyzed; secondly, the polishing pattern and structure of the floating polishing head were studied, finally, the affecting factors of polishing quality about the floating polishing were studied experimentally versus roughness of polished surfaces with the developed floating polishing experimental prototype in this paper. The affecting factors of polishing quality include the rotation speed of polishing discs, normal acting force on polishing disc, loci of polishing disc movement, feeding rate of polishing disc, grit of abrasive particles, and inclined angle of the acting force on disc, are synchronized and analyzed. These research results are used as operating guides for applications of the floating die polisher.
Characteristic of TiN Film Prepared by Multi-Arc Ion Plating
Authors: Hou Shun Qiang , Dai Jing Jie , Song Xing , Song Yuan Yuan , Li Zhong Hou
Published: November 2013

Multi-arc ion plating technique was used to fabricate TiN film on the surface of high speed steel (HSS) to improve its wear resistance. The structure and morphology of TiN film were analyzed by XRD and SEM,and the bonding strength between the film and substrate was studied by the scratch tester. The results show that the thin film formed on the surface of the substrate consists of compact TiN. There are some white spots and black spots on the surface of the film. The bonding strength between the film and the substrate reaches 43 N/mm2, which correlates to formation of a pseudo diffusion layer. The tribological experimental results show that plating TiN film can greatly improve wear resistance of HSS.
Curved Layer Fused Deposition Modeling with Varying Raster Orientations
Authors: Huang Bin , Singamneni Sarat
Published: November 2013

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the relatively more successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques and is more widely applied in the recent past. Apart from finding alternative materials targeting specific industrial application, FDM is also researched for medical applications with biopolymers and composites. While commercial FDM uses flat layer slicing of CAD models as the basic approach for the process, alternative slicing and deposition schemes such as curved layer FDM evolved specifically for thin shell-like parts. Curved layer FDM was shown to be effective in imparting better surface quality as well as mechanical strength of parts produced. Past research also established that raster angle plays a significant role on the mechanical characteristics of FDM parts. The current research attempts to bring the two approaches together and establish the effects of varying raster angles on the performance of parts produced by curved layer FDM. Mathematical algorithms used for curved layer slicing are reviewed and experimental results based on curved layer samples printed with varying raster angels are discussed.
Tensile and Compression Behavior of Woven Glass/Epoxy Nano Composites Based on Spraying Methodology
Authors: Sarim Ali , Zhang Bo Ming , Wang Chang Chun
Published: November 2013

Nanocomposites have been utilized increasingly because of their high strength, stiffness, toughness, and through-thickness properties. The incorporation of carbon nanofibers with a high aspect ratio and extremely large surface area into glass/epoxy polymer composites improve their tensile and compression properties significantly. Although a number of efforts have been made to improve various properties by mixing nanoparticles directly into resin, however, it could lead to high viscosities which create problems during processing. In this particular study, an attempt has been made to investigate tensile and compression behavior of nanocomposites by using, state of the art, a different technique i.e spraying the Carbon nanoFibers (CNF) on dry woven glass pre-form before infusion. The nanocomposite samples were prepared using a spraying methodology i.e dispersing the 2.0 weight percent CNF solution on glass fabric, and evaporating the solvent such that only nanofibers remain on perform, followed by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). Tensile and compression tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness and behavior of CNF addition on these mechanical properties. Results indicated simultaneous improvement in tensile and compression properties by incorporating a very small amount of carbon nanofibers into the matrix system. 1821 percent improvement in tensile strength and 6-9 percent in compressive strength, with respect to the neat composite. The rise in their modulus has also been discussed in detail and part of this study. For in-depth analysis, microscopic approaches were also carried out to investigate the fracture behavior and mechanism of material. Scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces revealed improved primary fibermatrix adhesion and indications of CNF-induced matrix toughening due to the presence of CNFs. SEM evaluation also revealed relatively less damage in the tested fracture surfaces of the nanophased composites in terms of matrix failure, fiber breakage, matrixfiber de-bonding, and de-lamination, compared to the neat system.
Simulation of Cold Extrusion Process of Hollow Pieces
Authors: Ren Jia Long , Chen Xiao Xia , Zhang Chun Yan , Liu Xiao Fei
Published: November 2013

The impact of friction factor, thickness of the cold extrusion, semi-cone angle and other factors on cold extrusion was analyzed. Various process parameters were set and optimized. Cold extrusion process of hollow pieces was simulated by DEFORM-3D software. Through the simulation of the virtual velocity field, strain field, stress field, load - stroke curve and metal deformation process, the flow velocity of the metal and the deformation of the workpiece were studied. The metal flow routes and the parts that are easy to wear in die were gained. The above research results provide valuable references for the processing of hollow pieces.
Visco-Elastic-Plastic Constitutive Model for A7N01-T6 Alloy Welding and Analytical Solutions with Finite Element Codes
Authors: Song K.J. , Wei Y.H. , Dong Z.B. , Fang K. , Zheng W.J. , Ma R.
Published: November 2013

This paper has established a viscoelasticplastic constitutive model for A7N01T6 alloy welding, which is temperature and deformation history dependent. The model uses elasticmixed hardening plastic and creep equation to describe the strain hardening at low temperatures and strain softening at high temperatures, respectively. Then it is applied for finite element numerical simulation of the welding process. By comparison with the conventional temperature dependent elasticperfectly plastic model, the overall longitudinal residual compressive plastic strain and the maximum deformation of welding sheet are larger. This is because that the plastic strain is mostly produced in high temperature range. Strain softening has great influence on the evolution of plastic strain. The compressive plastic strain during heating is larger than the tensile plastic strain during cooling. Strain hardening effect on welding residual strain and stress is almost negligible. Using the established constitutive model, welding residual stress and strain are in good agreement with the theoretical results.
Characterization of Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Precipitation during Elevated Temperature
Authors: Tosapolporn Pornpibunsompop
Published: November 2013

The precipitation characterization of SUS 310S weld metal was investigated by TG/DSC and metallography technique. SMAW was selected for this study and then cut with water jet avoiding thermal effect. Austenitic is the main microstructure of weld metal because of high Creqv./Nieqv. Precipitation launched higher both %mass change and heat consumed as well as the precipitation temperature was around 800 degree Celsius.
Optimization in Dry Sliding Wear Test of Al 2219 – SiCp Composite Using Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Ganesh R. , Kesavan Chandrasekaran
Published: November 2013

uminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) reinforced with SiC particulate are one of the familiar materials which are widely used in automobile, mining, etc. due to their superior properties such as high stiffness, low density, good corrosion resistance etc. this paper presents an effective approach for the optimization of process parameters during dry sliding wear test with multiple response characteristics based on Taguchis method with grey relational analysis. Taguchis L9orthogonal array has been used for experimentation. The process parameters such as weight fraction of reinforcement, precipitation temperature, load and disc speeds are optimized with multiple responses such as wear and coefficient of friction. Response tables, grey relational grade and ANOVA are used for the analysis and conclude that all the process parameters influence the wear performance of the composite at significant level but the level of influence differs significantly with respect to the size of the reinforcement particle in the composite. Precipitation temperature and disc speed have less influence for lower size particle whereas they become significant for higher size particle.
Effects of Annealing on Pulsed Laser Deposited TiO2 Thin Films
Authors: Dwivedi Sudhanshu , Biswas Somnath
Published: November 2013

Mixed phase TiO2 thin films of rutile and anatase type crystal orientations were deposited on Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. When annealed at 800°C at 1 mbar oxygen pressure for 3 h, the deposited films transform into a single phase of rutile type. Structural and morphological studies of the as-deposited and annealed films were performed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used for optical characterization of the annealed thin films.
The Effect of Holes on the Dynamic Behavior and Energy Absorption of Aluminum Alloy AA7005 Tube
Authors: Simhachalam Bade , Rao C. Lakshmana , Srinivas Krishna
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the effect of holes on dynamic behavior and energy absorption of aluminum alloy AA7005 tubes in T6 is investigated numerically. True stress-plastic strain curves from the tensile test are used in the static simulation of AA7005 tubes. The deformed modes from the numerical simulation are compared between tube with and without holes under drop velocity of 7 m/s and 15 m/s. Energy absorption values and peak loads with and without holes are compared to develop the understanding on the effect of drop velocity on the crush behavior of tube.
Zero Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb Structures-An FEA Study
Authors: Ali Imran , Yu Jing Jun
Published: November 2013

Conventional honeycomb structures show positive Poissons ratio under in-plane loading while Auxetic honeycombs show negative Poissons ratio. Accordion, Hybrid and Semi re-entrant honeycomb structures show zero Poissons ratio, i.e. they show zero or negligible deformation in lateral direction under longitudinal loadings. In this paper an FEA analysis of these three types of structures is made using commercial software ANSYSR14 using 8 node 281 shell elements. Cell wall thickness and cell angle is varied to analyze their effect on elastic modulus Exand global strains along X direction under X-direction loadings. Eyis also analyzed to measure lateral stiffness and deformation behavior of structure for its potential application as flexures.
Porous Copper Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Route Using NaCl Space Holder
Authors: Nordin Nor Amalina , Ismail Muhammad Hussain , Jafar Nik Muhammad Faiz Nik
Published: November 2013

Porous Copper (porous Cu) with varying porosities was prepared using sodium chloride (NaCl) particles as space holder through powder metallurgy route. Pre-alloyed copper that was used as a feedstock material were mixed with the varying proportion (0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of volume fraction) of laboratory grade NaCl prior to hot compaction. The green compacts were subjected to water leaching process in order to remove NaCl particles and consequently being sintered at 850°C. The resultant porous Cu were examined in terms of density, porosities, microstructures and dimensional changes. The effect of space holder on the occurrence of pores in sintered article was investigated. It was found that the amount and shape of the space holder particle greatly affect the percentage of porosities and the shape of the pore of the sintered article.
A Subject-Specific Dynamics Model for Predicting Impact Force in Elderly Lateral Fall
Authors: Luo Yun Hua , Nasiri Sarvi Masoud , Sun Pei Dong , Ouyang Jun
Published: November 2013

In the reported research, a subject-specific multibody dynamics model was proposed to predict impact force induced in lateral fall of the elderly. Parameters such as anthropometric dimensions, segment masses, mass center, and mass moment of inertia that are required for constructing the dynamics model were extracted or calculated from a whole body DXA image of the subject. Governing equations of the fall process were established and computer codes were developed for solving the equations. The dynamics model was then validated by a controlled fall test using young volunteer. Good agreements between predicted and experimental results were observed, indicating that the proposed dynamics model has the capability to predict subject-specific impact force induced in fall.
Simulation of Initial Ribbon Formation during Planar Flow Melt Spinning Process
Authors: Sowjanya M. , Reddy T. Kishen Kumar , Srivastha B. , Majumdar B.
Published: November 2013

Planar flow melt spinning (PFMS) is a rapid solidification process to produce amorphous ribbons for transformer core applications. The present study deals with the development of 3dimensional time-dependent model, for the numerical simulation of ribbon formation during the PFMS process. Space between nozzle wall and the rotating wheel is considered as the computational domain. Volume of fluid technique is applied along with energy and momentum equations to simulate the two phase flow in the domain. Effect of ejection temperature of the melt is investigated during ribbon formation. Ribbon patterns like dimple and continuous are obtained for different ejection temperatures. Phenomenon of air entrainment which leads to dimple pattern is discussed. Vacuum conditions are suggested to avoid air entrainment.
The Design of Damping Block in the Tire Tread Extrusion Die
Authors: Wen Peng Fei , Xu Ping Ping , Ding Kai
Published: November 2013

It is one of the keys that determining reasonable damping block geometry in the process of designing the extrusion dies. In this paper, the finite element software POLYFLOW was used to simulate the flow process of tread rubber in the head channel. In addition, the orthogonal experiment method was adopted for the optimum design of the damping block in the head channel. After optimum design, the flow velocity of rubber melt becomes more uniform in the full width at the head outlet. Consequently, the warping deformation of the rubber, which flow through the head channel, is also significantly reduced.
Hydrophobicity Enhancement of the Polyvinyl Alcohol/Rice Starch/Silk Fibroin Films by Glycerol
Authors: Kuchaiyaphum Pusita , Yamauchi Takeshi , Watanesk Ruangsri , Watanesk Surasak
Published: November 2013

Eco-friendly films have been prepared using various biopolymers and their properties have been improved in order to meet the requirements for appropriate applications. However, the frequently encountered weakness of the properties of most biopolymer film is its water solubility. In this study, the polyvinyl alcohol/rice starch/silk fibroin (PVA/RS/SF) films were modified by the addition of glycerol aiming to increase the hydrophobicity of the films. Some properties of the modified films including water contact angle, degree of swelling and water solubility were compared with the unmodified PVA/RS/SF film. Results from the contact angle measurement showed that the films with glycerol could be transformed to be hydrophobic after soaking in ethanol medium. The increase in soaking time tends to increase the hydrophobicity of the films. However, at about 60 min soaking, the water contact angles on the films were quite constant with the values of about 107.9±5.2º comparing with 65.3±2.4º of the ethanol-untreated PVA/RS/SF films. In addition, the ethanol-treated glycerol-modified films also show higher degree of swelling with constant solubility and better mechanical properties.
Electrochemical Behavior of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel in HCl Solution with Different Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Li Xiao Liang , Shi Pei Yang , Yue Ying Ying , Xie Qiong , Liu Cheng Jun , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: November 2013

The hydrochloric acid pickling process which is widely applied in carbon steel pickling ensures high speeds with little pollution. In this research, hydrochloric acid pickling process was introduced into stainless steel pickling to improve the surface integrity. Research indicated that the impedance spectrum obtained from 430SS in HCl solution consisted of a capacitive loop at high frequencies and an inductive loop at low frequencies. As the concentration of hydrochloric acid rose, the radiuses of the capacitive loop decreased.And the corrosion potential of 430SS in hydrochloric acid solution moved to positive direction with band to a narrow 0.1V.And high HCl concentration more markedly influenced the charge-transfer resistance.
3D Modeling for Dynamic Response of Mixed Phase during Phase Transition
Authors: Guo Yang Bo , Tang Zhi Ping
Published: November 2013

Shock-induced phase transition under intensive impact loading can strongly change the dynamic behavior of materials and wave propagation features. Dynamic constitutive modeling is one of the key problems in this area. We established a 3D dynamic incremental constitutive equation of phase transition with N transforming phases considering pressure, shear stress and temperature based on the Gibbs free energy. We also proposed an evolution equation for the product phase taking account both the over driving force and the growing space. The dynamic stress-strain response predicted by the model for TiNi specimen undergoing martensitic transition fitted the experimental result well, which demonstrates the present model can describe the dynamic deformation behavior of materials during phase transition process under impact loading.
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Direct Injection C.I Engine Retrofitted with Mono-CNG System
Authors: Osman Shahrul Azmir , Alimin Ahmad Jais , Ismail Mohd Yusri , Hui Koh Wern
Published: November 2013

Diesel engines are widely used in logistics and haulage as vehicular prime movers. In the mechanized and fast-moving forward world of today, the consumption of petroleum products has become an important yardstick of a country’s prosperity. This ever-increasing consumption has led the world to face the twin challenge of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. Natural gas has been one of the highly considered alternative fuels for both spark ignition (S.I) and compressed ignition (C.I.) engines. The advantages and benefits of CNG have made it the preferred choice as alternative fuel in the transportation sector. This present study focused on the effects of retrofitted direct injection C.I. engine with mono-CNG system to its performance and exhaust emissions. The engine speed was varied from 850 rpm to 2500 rpm, with load test conditions of 0Nm, 27.12Nm and 53.23Nm, using an engine dynamometer. Results indicated that CNG has the potential to provide better fuel consumption compared to diesel fuel. Meanwhile, the characteristics of exhaust gas emissions such as smoke opacity and CO2 gave promising results compared to CO, HC and NOX, for diesel combustion.
Computation of Hoisting Forces on Wind Turbine Blades Using Computation Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Wang Yong , Tian De , He Wei
Published: November 2013

The hoisting forces on a 38.5m wind turbine blade in multiple positions are computed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The computation model is constructed with the steady wind conditions, blade mesh model and the blade positions which are determined by the blade pitch angle, azimuth angle and rotor yaw angle. The maximal and minimal hoisting forces in three-dimensional coordinates are found and the corresponding pitch angle, azimuth angle and yaw angle are obtained. The change of the hoisting forces on wind turbine blades is analyzed. Suggestions are given to decrease the hoisting forces of the blade in open wind environment.
Bearing Capacity Analysis for Statically Indeterminate Attachment System of Tower Crane Considering Single Limb Instability
Authors: Lu Nian Li , Wen Shu Rui
Published: November 2013

The tower cranes need constantly attaching to rise in the construction of high-rise buildings. The tower body which sets attached frames combined with the four-rod-type unilateral statically indeterminate attachment system is a common form. With the attachment height and distance increasing, the attachment rods become more delicate and flexible. It is necessary to check the overall and local stability of the attachment structure. When a single limb instability happens, the reduced-order variation structure brings about the redistribution of internal forces. The anti-buckling capability depends on the structure of variation. To the condition that the single limb instability occurrs on the component which has the weakest stiffness, an exact internal force expression of the structure under composite loads has been deduced in terms of the moment equilibrium method. At the same time, the decoupling support stiffnesses of the attachment device in each direction have been obtained by the unit load method. Based on the refined calculation model, the internal forces are further analyzed under the condition that the instability rod bears the fixed Euler critical force, and the structural strength and stability capacity has been judged. The calculation result proves that the whole structure has great bearing potential after a local buckling.
The Out-of-Plane Stability Analysis of Crane Jib with Two Symmetric Drawbars
Authors: Lu Nian Li , Chen Ce , Liu Shi Ming
Published: November 2013

The out-of-plane stability of the crane jib with two symmetric drawbars is studied. Differential equation with two non-conservative forces caused by the two symmetric drawbars is established in critical condition. According to the boundary conditions and proper parameter processing, the out-of-plane characteristic equation is obtained for the crane jib. Comparison with the ANSYS results verified the correctness of the method. And special cases are given to show the consistency of the method used in this paper and that with one drawbar given by the Chinese Design Rules for crane (GB3811-2008). The contribution of the angle between two symmetric drawbars to the out-of-plane stability of the crane jib is also discussed. The results show that, the crane jib with two symmetric drawbars has higher out-of-plane stability than that with one drawbar, and the increase of the angle between the two symmetric drawbars will lead to the significant increase of the out-of-plane stability of the crane jib.
Load Bearing Capacity Investigation and Coating Failure Mechanism for Coated Spur Gears
Authors: Feng Ji Ling , Qin Yi
Published: November 2013

Spur gears are the most common type of gears for industry, due to its simple structures and low costs of manufacture. Under the complex loading conditions, failures can easily occur in the form of de-bonding, pitting, spalling or crushing of coating structures. Failure may originate from initiation of cracks, and its growth and propagation, however, basic failure mechanism is still not clear. In order to investigate the failure mechanism of coating structure failure for the spur gears, this paper presents some understandings about the coating damage at the teeth flank of a spur gear, based on a novel Finite Element simulation-procedures. This modeling procedure was developed based on several modeling approaches including: parameterized FE modeling, Cohesive-Zone Model and sub-modeling technique. The numerical model of spur gear was based on 42CrMo4 steel with PVD coating deposited as TiN/CrN multilayer structures. It was found that greater load bearing capacity exist for spur gears with the coating of nitride states deposited on 42CrMo4 steel.