bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Patient-Centered Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Related Educational Videos Optimized for Social Media: Qualitative Research Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khalil Carine , Van Deen Welmoed , Dupuy Taylor , Bonthala Nirupama , Almario Christopher , Spiegel Brennan
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Important knowledge gaps have been identified related to the causes and symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and medical treatments and their side effects. Patients with IBD turn to social media to learn more about their disease. However, such information found on the web is misleading and often of low quality.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD and to use the resulting insights to develop a collection of freely available, evidence-based educational videos optimized for dissemination through social media.

METHODS

We used design thinking, a human-centered approach, to guide our qualitative research methodology. We performed focus groups and interviews with a diverse sample of 29 patients with IBD. Data collection was performed in 3 phases (inspiration, ideation, and implementation) based on IDEO design thinking. Phase 1 offered insights into the needs of patients with IBD, whereas phases 2 and 3 involved ideation, prototyping, and video testing. A thematic analysis was performed to analyze the resulting data.

RESULTS

Patients emphasized the need for educational videos that address their challenges, needs, and expectations. From the data analysis, 5 video topics and their content emerged: IBD treatments’ risks and benefits; how to be a self-advocate; how to stay healthy with IBD; how to cope with IBD; and educating families, friends, and colleagues about experiences of patients with IBD.

CONCLUSIONS

Design thinking offers a deep understanding and recognition of the unmet educational needs of patients with IBD; this approach informed the development of 5 evidence-based educational videos. Future research will formally test and disseminate these freely available videos through social media.
Addressing the Digital Inverse Care Law in the Time of COVID-19: Potential for Digital Technology to Exacerbate or Mitigate Health Inequalities (Preprint)
Authors: Davies Alisha R , Honeyman Matthew , Gann Bob
Published: June 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital technologies have been transforming methods of health care delivery and have been embraced within the health, social, and public response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this has directed attention to the “inverse information law” (also called “digital inverse care law”) and digital inequalities, as people who are most in need of support (in particular, older people and those experiencing social deprivation) are often least likely to engage with digital platforms. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic represents a sustained shift to the adoption of digital approaches to working and engaging with populations, which will continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying factors contributing to digital inequalities and act immediately to avoid digital inequality contributing to health inequalities in the future.
The response to COVID-19 represents a sustained shift to adopting digital approaches to working and engaging with populations which will continue beyond this pandemic. Therefore it is important that we understand the underlying factors contributing to digital inequalities, and act now to protect against digital inequality contributing to health inequalities in the future.
ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES DE LA COMUNIDAD EL PAREDÓN, MIACATLÁN, MORELOS, MÉXICO
Authors: García-Bernal Antonio De Jesús , Miranda-González Norma Patricia , Altamirano Álvarez Tizoc Adrián , Soriano Sarabia Marisela , Navarrete Salgado Norma Angélica
Published: June 2020

It has been conducted an inventory of amphibians and reptiles in the Paredón community located in the town of Miacatlán, Morelos, Mexico. To achieve this, there were monthly outflows from September 2012 to August 2013, each lasting four days. Transect variable method was used. The herpetofauna of the community consists of a total of 39 species, consisting of six families, 11 genus and 16 species of amphibians and eight families, 15 genus and 23 species of reptiles. Of the 39 species recorded, 54% are endemic to Mexico and 74% in Mesoamerica. 38% of the species are included in a risk category. Four species of amphibians and three reptiles’ species as new records for the State of Morelos are reported. Abundance, frequency and diversity was determined, also the Jaccard index was apply, as a result we can know that there is 76% similarity among the study area with the Sierra de Huautla and caves of Cacahuamilpa, 54.98% with Jungapeo, 56.5% was applied to Taxco and Sierra del Carmen, and 12% El Rancho de las Papas. It was determined that the highest value of diversity in amphibians was 0.81 and 0.86 in reptiles.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA GENOTOXICIDAD DE UNA SOPA INSTANTÁNEA COMERCIAL UTILIZANDO LA PRUEBA DE MICRONUCLEOS EN VICIA FABA Y RATÓN CD-1
Authors: Flores-Maya Saúl , Ríos Torres Raul , Gómez-Arroyo Sandra , Rosas Cipriano Arturo , Alarcón Herrera Norberto , Barrera Escorcia Héctor , Villeda Callejas María Del Pilar
Published: June 2020

Due to the high market demand that instant soup has among the Mexican population, the question arose whether it may cause any mutagenic effects after its consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the cyto-genotoxic effects caused after the exposure of this food product compounds to meristemal root cells of Vicia faba and to peripheral blood cells of CD-1 mice. To determine this effect, it was performed both analysis of micronuclei as well as toxicity degree by using these two biological models. The interpretation of our statistical significance tests (ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison p<0.05), allowed us to conclude that nor the soup chemical compounds neither the packaging induce clastogenic damage but they cause a slight delay on cell division to V. faba; nevertheless the compounds can cause clastogenic damage and cytotoxicity to peripheral blood cells of CD-1 mice.
Uso didáctico de reactores agitados continuos para la determinación de cinéticas de reacción heterogénea
Authors: Baz-Rodríguez Sergio Antonio , Pérez-Aviña Juan Manuel , Zitlalpopoca-Soriano Ángel Guillermo , Vilchiz-Bravo Luis Enrique
Published: June 2020

Se describen la modelación, la construcción y el uso de un reactor continuo de tanque agitado para la obtención de datos experimentales de rapidez de reacción heterogénea. En primer lugar, mediante análisis de balances de materia se enfatiza cómo la capacidad de este tipo de reactor de operar en estado estacionario es ventajosa para el estudio de sistemas catalíticos heterogéneos. Consecuentemente, se propone una práctica experimental para determinar ecuaciones de rapidez globales a partir de ecuaciones intrínsecas obtenidas por el método de la etapa limitante. Se emplea un reactor continuo de tanque agitado cuya fabricación y operación son sencillos y se describen a detalle. La hidrólisis de sacarosa se implementa como reacción modelo a 60 °C y 1 atm, siendo de fácil monitoreo. La reacción se cataliza con una resina ácida (Amberlite 120 H, capacidad total de intercambio ≥ 1.80 eq/L). El experimento ilustra una aplicación del método de la etapa limitante para la obtención de ecuaciones de rapidez de reacción global y es una herramienta didáctica para reforzar el aprendizaje práctico en cursos de ingeniería de reacciones heterogéneas.
Enseñar química. De las sustancias a la reacción química
Authors: Vilches Amparo
Published: June 2020

El libro “Enseñar Química. De las sustancias a la reacción química” recopila artículos de los cinco números monográficos de química de la revista Alambique. Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, publicados entre 2015 y 2019...
Aplicación de modelos y teorías en unidades de cuidados críticos: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Ávila González María Consuelo , Mora Morales Diógenes Felipe , Rivera Rojas Flérida , Ceballos Vásquez Paula Andrea
Published: June 2020

Objetivo. Identiicar en la literatura la aplicación de modelos y teorías de enfermería en unidades de alta complejidad. Metodología. búsqueda bibliográica en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL complete, Pubmed y Scielo. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “theories of nursing” y “critical care” en inglés y “teorías de enfermería”, “cuidado crítico” en español. Inicialmente se seleccionaron 286 artículos, excluyendo 150 por no cumplir criterios de inclusión. Se realizó lectura crítica de los 66 resúmenes, quedando seleccionados 11 artículos. El análisis de los estudios se centró en buscar la aplicación de modelos y teorías. Resultados. se evidencia que existen estudios donde se aplican modelos y teorías en algunas instancias de cuidados, sin embargo, estas son escasas en Unidades de paciente crítico, solo las teorías de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Horta, el modelo de la Adaptación de Roy y la teoría de las transiciones de Meleis, fueron utilizadas. Conclusión. la revisión realizada permite evidenciar los esfuerzos por el uso clínico e investigativo de modelos y teorías en unidades de cuidados crítico. Sin embargo, también se muestra una gran brecha entre la práctica clínica y aplicación de modelos y teorías de enfermería a nivel nacional.
PEMANFAATAN TES CEPAT MOLEKULER (TCM) GENEXPERT SEBAGAI ALAT DIAGNOSTIK TB PARU DI RSUD WANGAYA KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Novianti Novianti , Simarmata Oster Suriani , Lolong Dina Bisara
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, with an estimated 9 million TB incidence cases, 300,000 of which are drug resistant TB cases and resulted in 1.5 million deaths worldwide in 2013. However, only 58% of new cases, TB cases were confirmed bacteriologically using WHO recommended test including the Xpert® MTB/RIF Rapid Diagnosis. The use of GeneXpert in Indonesia has existed since 2014 and has never been evaluated in its utilization, including in the city of Denpasar, namely in Wangaya Hospital as one of the recipients of the GeneXpert pulmonary TB diagnostic aid. The results of this study showed that the results of GeneXpert examination were much higher in the percentage of Positive TB Case Findings compared to microscopic examination so that there is an increase in the number of positive TB cases by 14.3%. The GeneXpert examination succeeded in giving positive results compared to the microscopic results showing negative results, which were sensitive Rifampicin (14.6%) and resistant Rifampicin (2.4%). However, the utilization of TB suspect examination with GeneXpert has not been maximized in increasing the number of TB patients suspected of having TB, in fact, the percentage of positive TB case finding compared to TB suspicion is increasing.

Keywords:GeneXpert, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis

 

ABSTRAK

Tuberkulosis (TB) tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama, diperkirakan telah terjadi 9 juta kasus insiden TB, 300.000 di antaranya adalah kasus TB multidrug resistant (TB MDR) dan mengakibatkan 1,5 juta kematian di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2013. Namun, baru 58% dari kasus baru, kasus TB dikonfirmasi secara bakteriologis menggunakan tes yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO termasuk Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) GeneXpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert). Pemanfaatan TCM GeneXpert di Indonesia ada sejak 2014 dan belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi dalam pemanfaatannya termasuk di Kota Denpasar yaitu di RSUD Wangaya sebagai salah satu penerima bantuan alat diagnostik TB Paru TCM GeneXpert. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa hasil pemeriksaan dengan TCM GeneXpert jauh lebih tinggi persentase penemuan kasus positif TBC dibanding dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis sehingga terdapat peningkatan jumlah kasus positif TBC sebesar 14,3% di RSUD Wangaya pada tahun 2018.  Pemeriksaan TCM GeneXpert berhasil memberikan hasil yang positif di saat hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis menunjukkan hasil negatif yaitu Rifampisin sensitif (14,6%) dan Rifampisin resisten (2,4%). Pemanfaatan pemeriksaan terduga TB dengan TCM GeneXpert belum maksimal dalam meningkatkan jumlah pemeriksaan pasien terduga TB Paru, walaupun persentase penemuan kasus positif TB dibanding terduga TB meningkat.

Kata kunci: Tes cepat molekuler, geneXpert, tuberkulosis paru
Análise cefalométrica: um novo padrão
Authors: Dias da Silveira Heloísa Emília , Bandeira Berthold Telmo , Dias da Silveira Heraldo , Genehr Fritscher Guilherme
Published: June 2020

Esse estudo apresenta uma nova estruturação dos dados cefalométricos agrupando-os num modelo denominado padrão UFRGS. A efetividade deste modelo foi testada utilizando-se 55 telerradiografias de perfil e comparando-se o desempenho diagnóstico com os padrões USP e Ricketts, avaliando-se os fatores não coincidentes com estes cefalogramas, que foram: a relação das bases apicais com a base anterior do cranio no USP; e a posição e inclinação dos incisivos superiores e inclinação dos incisivos inferiores com o Ricketts. Na realização destas comparações utilizou-se medidas complementares a fim de torná-las mais fidedignas. Os resultados mostraram a confiabilidade do padrão UFRGS na estruturação do diagnóstico.
Cementoblastoma benigno associado a segundo pré-molar inferior: relato de caso
Authors: Winck Mahl Carlos Eduardo , Gegler Aderson , Camargo Fontanella Vania Regina
Published: June 2020

O cementoblastoma benigno é uma lesão produtora de cemento que constitui apenas 1% dos tumores odontogênicos, na maioria dos casos esta associada a molares inferiores e acomete adultos jovens. Relata-se um caso no qual observa-se uma apresentação atípica quanto localização e faixa etária.
Uso de implantes com carga imediata em pacientes idosos: apresentação de caso clínico em mandíbula
Authors: Dal Moro Rafael Gustavo , Camargo da Rosa Marco Aurélio , Baldisseroto Julio , Borba Soll Leonardo , Pereira Padilha Dalva Maria
Published: June 2020

O aumento do minero de idosos é acompanhado por necessidades odontológicas cada vez mais complexas e em maior quantidade. A reabilitação com próteses removíveis convencionais nem sempre a capaz de devolver função e estética ao paciente idoso. A descoberta dos princípios da osseointegração permitiu a reabilitação com próteses implanto-suportadas como uma alternativa aos procedimentos reabilitadores convencionais. A idade não a fator limitador para o uso de implantes dentários. Estudos tem demonstrado taxas de sucesso semelhantes na reabilitação com implantes dentários entre indivíduos jovens e idosos. A técnica de implantes dentários foi inicialmente proposta em dois tempos cirúrgicos, separados por uma etapa de cicatrização sem carga. Vários estudos tem demonstrado taxas de sucesso semelhantes entre a carga tardia e quando a prótese é instalada com carga imediata, ou seja, logo após a colocação dos implantes. A carga imediata permite simplificar a técnica, diminuir custos e atender uma necessidade do paciente de forma imediata. Neste artigo é apresentado um caso de reabilitação bucal com implantes através da técnica da carga imediata em um paciente idoso realizado na disciplina de Odontogeriatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS.
Compostos sulfurados voláteis, placa dental a gengivite em estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Cardona Orth Celso , Segabinazzi Siqueira Felipe , Rippel Reichert Marcos , Castelo Branco Leitune Vicente , Nogueira Haas Alex , Kuchenbecker Rösing Cassiano
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre os níveis de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV), placa dental e gengivite em estudantes de odontologia. Foram examinados 30 estudantes de odontologia da FO-UFRGS, não fumantes com idade entre 18-26 anos. Os níveis de CSV foram medidos com um monitor portátil de CSV (Halimeter, Interscan, USA), no inicio do turno da manhã (entre 7 e 9 horas), sem higiene bucal prévia. Dois examinadores calibrados registraram os Índices de Placa Visível (IPV) e Sangramento Gengival (ISG). Foram realizadas duas análises: uma com todos os indivíduos, e outra considerando um ponto de corte para CSV de 75 ppb. A associação entre os níveis de CSV, placa e gengivite foi avaliada através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). A associação entre a percepção do hálito e o hábito de escovação de língua com os níveis de CSV foi avaliada com o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (r). IPV e ISG foram comparados entre os grupos com CSV maior ou menor que 75 ppb utilizando a Prova U de Mann-Whitney. A unidade analítica foi o indivíduo (alfa=5%). Os níveis médios de placa, gengivite e CSV na amostra foram de 29,52%, 4,41% e 67,5 ppb, respectivamente. Foi observada correlação significativa entre IPV e ISG (r=0,59; p= 0,001). Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre os níveis de placa e gengivite com CSV. Não houve diferenças significativas na quantidade de placa e gengivite entre indivíduos com CSV 375 e CSV
Soberanía estatal y cooperación internacional. reflejos del derecho internacional frente al desafío de la covid-19
Authors: Moreira Alberto César
Published: June 2020

La presente contribución reflexiona sobre dos principios medulares del Derecho internacional: la soberanía estatal y la cooperación internacional, en tanto que pueden visualizarse como los reflejos que está teniendo este orden jurídico en su respuesta ineficaz frente a la pandemia generada por el COVID-19. En ese sentido, por un lado, describe la evolución que ha experimentado el principio de soberanía en el Derecho internacional contemporáneo y destaca que la práctica estatal demuestra una revitalización del mismo. Por otra parte, pone de manifiesto la importancia de la cooperación internacional, pero expone las dificultades que está teniendo su realización en dos escenarios multilaterales centrales: la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el Consejo de Seguridad de las Nacionales Unidas. Finalmente, plantea el debate legal y ético para asegurar el acceso global a la vacuna contra el COVID-19, que constituye una prueba para la comunidad internacional y una oportunidad para construir un modelo de cooperación más solidario y eficaz frente a crisis globales.
Effect of Carbon-tax and Cap-and-trade mechanism on an inventory system with price-sensitive demand and preservation technology investment
Authors: Khanna Aditi , Yadav Shikha , Priyamvada P
Published: June 2020

In today's global decision-making context, government and organizations are highly concerned with environmental degradation caused by carbon emissions. Being environmental conscious, this paper investigates two different carbon policies viz., ?Carbon tax and Cap-and-trade mechanism". It is observed that the main sources of carbon emissions are transhipments, inventory holding, inventory deterioration, and its preservation. Demand for the item is considered to be selling price dependent. Further, a comparison between a ?carbon tax" and \cap-and-trade" policies has been illustrated. Some important managerial insights are obtained from numerical and sensitivity analyses. The present paper contributes to the existing literature of carbon control policies by developing optimal inventory models dealing with deteriorating items with preservation technology. Results suggest that firms should implement ?Cap-and-trade" policy to increase their total profit, which at the same time, will help in reducing the carbon emissions.
The SEC's Revolving Door: Insights from Boards of Directors
Authors: Wutzler Juliane
Published: June 2020

This study aims to shed light on the determinants and consequences of the revolving door at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). While revolvers may be good monitors due to their SEC experience and, thus, continuously create benefits for the economy (“schooling”), it is possible that they exploit their insights into the enforcement process and private connections to undermine enforcement (“regulatory capture”). Using a newly created dataset of revolvers who moved from the SEC to company boards, this study shows that not all revolvers are appointed for the same reasons and create the same benefits for their new employers. I demonstrate that those revolvers most closely involved in the enforcement process are associated with fewer future enforcement actions, while accounting quality does not improve. Contrarily, external revolvers seem to use their monitoring and advising duties to improve accounting quality.

Data Availability: The newly created dataset is available in the Online Appendix; all other data sources are cited in the text.
Extended XBRL Tags and Financial Analysts' Forecast Error and Dispersion
Authors: Johnston Joseph
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates whether the use of extended tags in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) filings is associated with financial analysts' forecast error and dispersion. The SEC allows firms to create customize tags in their XBRL filings to reflect firm-specific disclosures. However, customized tags may inhibit information search and reduce the usefulness of XBRL data. Since the use of extended tags is driven by the firm's reporting environment, an instrumental variables technique is employed to control for endogeneity. The results show that more extensions are related to smaller analysts' forecast error and dispersion after controlling for endogeneity. In additional analysis, extensions in footnote disclosures are found to drive this negative relationship, and extensions in the financial statements are marginally positively associated with forecast error and dispersion. This study is relevant to regulators creating policies about XBRL extensions.
Laser surface texturing using a single diffractive optical element as an alternative for direct laser interference patterning
Authors: Brodsky Alexander , Kaplan Natan
Published: June 2020

In this work, we introduce a simple and universal optical setup design for laser surface texturing (LST) that provides functionality superior than direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). The method requires only a single periodic diffractive optical element and a focusing lens while enabling unlimited freedom for spatial shaping and amplitude variations. The concept is based on the special behavior of diffraction gratings when illuminating an area on the grating that is close in size to a single period rather than effectively infinite periods as is usually discussed in fundamental grating studies. Empirical optimization for a specific ratio value of grating period and incident laser beam size was done on a two-dimensional intensity distribution by fitting the one-dimensional intensity profile to a periodical squared cosine function. We investigate the design characteristics and tolerance sensitivity for this work regime and discuss some application ideas including practical example suggestion of optical design, and some tailored patterning capabilities allowed by the method. A detailed comparison was made between DLIP setup and the proposed alternative method for LST.
Da katolisismen kom att til Nordvestlandet
Authors: Aschim Anders
Published: June 2020

I løpet av eit knapt hundreår har Den katolske kyrkja gått frå å vere så godt som ikkje-eksisterande på Nordvestlandet til å bli den største religions- og livssynsminoriteten i regionen. Artikkelen dokumenterer og analyserer ei av dei mest markerte endringane i det religiøse feltet i regionen i nyare tid.
Strid om misjon og kirke: H.P.S. Schreuders forhold til Det Norske Misjonsselskap, sett fra Madagaskar
Authors: Berge Ottar
Published: June 2020

Denne artikkelen gir en framstilling av hva som skjedde omkring striden mellom misjonsbiskop Schreuder og ledelsen i Det Norske Misjonsselskap. Schreuders rolle har blitt karakterisert ved hans personlighet og hans høykirkelighet. Han vakte oppsikt i Kristen-Norge ved sin pamflett om kirke og misjon. Han ble sendt til Sør-Afrika som misjonær, ordinert av en norsk biskop, og utsendt av Misjonsselskapet. Seinere ble han ordinert som misjonsbiskop. Han var selskapets overbestyrer på misjonsmarken og fikk biskoppelig ansvar også for Madagaskar.
Artikkelen drøfter Adolf Thunems alternative forståelse av begivenhetene ved studie av arkivmateriale og forskeres framstilling av striden. Styrken i konflikten blir her lagt på personlige motsetninger mellom folk som hadde samme kirkesyn og misjonssyn. Sekretær Christian Dons og Madagaskar-misjonær Lars Dahle (seinere ruvende generalsekretær) blir tillagt en kritisk rolle i striden.
Tipologías de la intervención social con jóvenes
Authors: Castillo Viveros Nemesio
Published: June 2020

Este artículo comprende el proceso de intervención social de cuatro organizaciones de la sociedad civil que trabajan con jóvenes en contexto de violencia y vulnerabilidad en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Se realizó una clasificación de tres enfoques de intervención social: adaptativas, socioeducativas y sociocríticas. A partir de ahí se describe el proceso de intervención que desarrollan las organizaciones. En la literatura sobre intervención social se observó un enfoque de acción general y universal, sin embargo, a partir del trabajo de campo, se encontró que la intervención social en contextos de violencia debe centrarse más en el seguimiento y acompañamiento a las y los jóvenes. Además, es necesario que las y los jóvenes cuestionen sus prácticas sociales desde el contexto social en el que viven. Esta investigación es cualitativa, se hicieron cuatro grupos focales con jóvenes, uno por cada organización. Se hizo un análisis de categorías con la ayuda del software Atlas.ti versión 7.0.
PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES (PLS) LATENT VARIABLE MODELLING APPROACH FOR MEASURING DURATION OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
Authors: Abdul Malek Nur Hanisah , Hasan Haliza , Md Dasor Maryati
Published: June 2020

In today's society, the quest for aesthetic perfection is no longer just an aspiration of the young. As a result, there is an increasing number of adult patients who seek for orthodontic treatment to improve not only the function but the appearance of their teeth as well. Patients who are going to wear braces will be curious on how long the orthodontic treatment will take and those who complete treatment on time may be more satisfied. Therefore, this retrospective study aims to model the factors that affect the duration of orthodontic treatment using Partial Least Squares Regression. Demographic profile, patient's severity of malocclusion, treatment planning and patient compliance data are collected from patient's folders who have completed orthodontic treatment. The result from Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression indicates that twelve variables which are patient's age, patient's gender, proposed treatment planning, seven malocclusion characteristics, clinician experience and oral hygiene condition significantly contribute to the treatment duration. This study also demonstrates the application of Variable Importance for Projection (VIP) to select significant predictor variables. The final PLS model with one extracted factor explains 89.96% of the variation in the duration of orthodontic treatment.
Viðhorf leikskólakennara og leiðbeinenda til upphafs leikskólagöngu barna
Authors: Pálmadóttir Hrönn
Published: June 2020

Greinin er byggð á rannsókn sem ætlað er að varpa ljósi á viðhorf og reynslu leikskólakennara og leiðbeinenda í einum leikskóla í Reykjavík af samstarfi við foreldra- og barnahóp með fjölbreyttan bakgrunn og menningu í upphafi leikskólagöngu. Tímamótin eru kölluð aðlögun og er þar vísað til inntöku nýrra barna í leikskóla. Hugmyndafræðilegur grunnur rannsóknarinnar er að mestu sóttur í smiðju fræðimanna sem hafa rannsakað þau þáttaskil sem verða þegar börn hefja grunnskólagöngu. Margir sömu þættir koma einnig við sögu við upphaf leikskólagöngu. Litið er á börn sem mikils megnug og skapandi og að námsumhverfi og námskrá skuli byggjast á áhuga og aðstæðum barna og taka tillit til þess að þau eru ólík (Educational Transitions and Change Research group, 2011).Gagna var aflað með eigindlegum rannsóknaraðferðum; einstaklingsviðtölum, rýnihópaviðtölum og vettvangsathugunum á þremur deildum í leikskólanum. Greining gagna fór fram með þemagreiningu, en hún er sveigjanleg aðferð sem notuð er til að skipuleggja og greina gögn (Braun og Clarke, 2013). Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýndu að leikskólakennarar lýstu hlutverki sínu í aðlögunarferlinu sem tvíþættu. Annars vegar að koma á og viðhalda tilfinningalegum tengslum við foreldra og börn. Hins vegar að hafa yfirsýn, ýta undir samstarf innan deilda og miðla þekkingu til samstarfsfólksins. Leiðbeinendur ræddu um virka þátttöku í aðlögunarferlinu og í samskiptum og tengslum við foreldra barnanna eftir að formlegri aðlögun lauk. Þátttökuaðlögun var talin reynast vel sem sameiginlegt námsferli foreldra, barna og leikskólastarfsfólks. Fram komu vísbendingar um að foreldrar af erlendum uppruna ættu frekar í erfiðleikum með þátttöku og að börn af erlendum uppruna upplifðu í mörgum tilvikum erfiðari aðlögun en börn íslenskra foreldra. Rannsóknin sýnir að það er fagleg áskorun að þróa starfshætti sem stuðla að því að skapa samfellu í lífi barna með fjölbreyttan bakgrunn og menningu frá upphafi leikskólagöngu.
Sjónræn félagsfræði: að sjá og greina samfélagið í gegnum myndavélina
Authors: Halldórsson Viðar
Published: June 2020

Eitt meginmarkmið kennslu í félagsfræði er að hjálpa nemendum að verða læsir á samfélagið, meðal annars með því að þróa með sér félagsfræðilegt innsæi (e. sociological imagination). Kennsluhættir í félagsfræði hafa um langa hríð falist að miklu leyti í því að láta nemendur lesa félagsfræði í stað þess að sjá félagsfræði en sjónræn félagsfræði (e. visual sociology) hefur verið að ryðja sér til rúms á síðustu áratugum sem viðurkennd kennslu- og rannsóknaraðferð innan félagsvísinda. Í þessari grein fjalla ég um það hvernig hægt er að nýta sjónræna félagsfræði, í þessu tilfelli ljósmyndaritgerðir, til þess að þjálfa og þróa félagsfræðilegt innsæi nemenda á efri skólastigum. Til að lýsa þessu greini ég fjórar af mínum eigin ljósmyndum út frá ýmsum hugmyndum, hugtökum og kenningum félagsfræðinnar. Greiningu myndanna er ætlað að vekja athygli á því hvernig nýta má ljósmyndun og ljósmyndaritgerðir til samfélagslegrar greiningar og til kennslu í félagsfræði með hliðsjón af lykilmarkmiðum sem lagt er upp með í aðalnámskrám grunn- og framhaldsskóla.
Formal and informal support at Icelandic universities: experiences of staff members and immigrant students
Authors: Hama Susan Rafik , Benediktsson Artëm Ingmar , Hansen Börkur , Jonsdottir Kriselle Lou Suson , Ragnarsdóttir Hanna
Published: June 2020

Due to increased migration in recent decades, universities must adapt their practices to meet the needs of a changing student body. Many immigrant students desire to complete their studies at universities, yet factors such as language of communication and cultural traditions limit their possibilities. This paper comes out of a study titled Educational Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges for Immigrants in University Education in Iceland. The findings are based on individual interviews with immigrant students and university staff members and focus group interviews with immigrant students. The theoretical framework of the study draws from the ideas of culturally competent counselling. This helps to analyse immigrant students’ experiences of formal and informal support during their university studies (Arredondo et al., 1996; Maunonen-Eskelinen, Kaikkonen & Clayton, 2005). Formal support constitutes institutional support provided by the universities, such as orientation programs and social activities of various kinds. Informal support, in contrast, incorporates other means of assistance to immigrant students either through those whom they trust, such as instructors, or community members in the role of cultural brokers. Immigrant students also get support through their present and former friends and through their extended family members. The findings indicate that, despite the challenges that immigrant students face at Icelandic universities, the majority were quite positive about their experiences as they described different types of formal and informal support which they obtained throughout their studies.
Sérsniðið framhaldsnám grunnskólakennara: starfsþróun fagstéttar eða praktískt nám til almennra kennslustarfa?
Authors: Þórólfsson Meyvant
Published: June 2020

Frá því að Kennaraháskóli Íslands öðlaðist lagaheimild til að útskrifa kennara með framhaldsgráður háskólanáms árið 1988 hefur þar verið boðið upp á fjölmargar leiðir í framhaldsnámi og starfsþróun kennara og fleiri stétta. Vorið 2014 stóð Menntavísindasvið Háskóla Íslands fyrir könnun meðal grunnskólakennara með bakkalárgráðu í samstarfi við Kennarasamband Íslands. Spurt var um æskilegt inntak og skipulag framhaldsnáms, hugsanlega hvata til að sækja slíkt nám og hvernig mætti útfæra það. Af 734 svörum mátti ráða að umtalsverður áhugi væri á slíku framhaldsnámi. Haustið 2015 hófu 35 starfandi kennarar sérsniðið framhaldsnám byggt á niðurstöðum könnunarinnar og stefnu Háskóla Íslands um meistaranám grunnskólakennara. Hér er greint frá rannsókn á viðhorfum og reynslu þeirra sem sóttu hið sérsniðna nám á tímabilinu 2015 til 2019. Sjónum var beint að samhenginu milli fræða (teoríu) og starfs á vettvangi (praxis), hugmyndum þátttakenda um eigin fagmennsku og fagvitund og hugmyndum um möguleika og þarfir á starfsþróun. Niðurstöður benda til þess að tengsl fræða við starfið á vettvangi séu óskýr þegar kemur að starfsþróun og tilteknir þættir í kerfinu hindri jafnvel eðlilega þróun fagmennsku og fagvitundar kennara. Þar ber helst að nefna margþættar væntingar til starfsins og óljósar hugmyndir um það í hvers þágu starfsþróun kennara ætti að vera.
The effect of increased bilirubin level on the risk of cerebral palsy
Authors: Sternal Marta , Kwiatkowska Barbara , Borysławski Krzysztof , Tomaszewska Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Increased bilirubin level in blood is mentioned among the potential factors with causal effect on cerebral palsy. The objective of the study was the analysis of its effect on the risk of cerebral palsy, considering all the significant risk factors as well as division into singleton, twin, term and preterm births. The research included a group of 278 children with cerebral palsy from selected educational-therapeutic institutions in Poland. The control group consisted of data from medical records of 435 neonates born in God’s Mercy Hospital in Limanowa, Poland. The analysis considered socio-economic factors, factors associated with pregnancy and parturition as well as accompanying disturbances and diseases of the children. Constructed models of logistic regression were used in statistcal analysis. The results were presented as the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Testing the effect of increased bilirubin level in blood showed that the increased level of bilirubin is a significant predictor of CP in the categories of all children (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.47–4.33), children from singleton births (OR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.55–4.57), term births (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.24–3.84), term singleton births (OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31–4.21), preterm births (4.87, 95% CI: 1.56–15.21) and preterm singleton births (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.24–10.58). Increased bilirubin level is an independent risk factor in the development of cerebral palsy.
Dietary Supplementation with Housefly (Musca domestica) Maggot Meal in Growing Beagles: Hematology, Serum Biochemistry, Immune Responses and Oxidative Damage
Authors: Hong Yang , Zhou Jing , Yuan Ming-Ming , Dong Han , Cheng Guo-Qiang , Wang Yong-Jin , Xia Jie-Ying , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hematology, serum biochemistry, immune responses and oxidative damage of growing beagles fed a diet supplemented with housefly (Musca domestica) maggot meal (MM). Weanling beagles (initial body weight 2.69 ± 0.17 kg) were fed a control diet (0% MM) or experimental diet (5% MM) for 42 days. The results indicated that the diet supplemented with 5% MM had no significant effects on the hematology and serum biochemistry of growing beagles (P>0.05). Meanwhile, neither the serum concentrations of lysozyme and C-reactive protein nor the serum antibody responses to canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus were influenced by dietary MM supplementation (P>0.05). However, dogs in the experimental group had lower serum levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl than those in the control group (P<0.05). These findings demonstrated that MM could be used as an alternative protein source in growing beagles without any adverse effects on hematology, serum biochemistry and immune responses. Furthermore, dietary MM could alleviate oxidative damage in growing beagles.
Some fixed point theorems on nonlinear contractive mappings in Hilbert space
Authors: Rao Namana Seshagiri , Kalyani Karusala
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point for a pair of continuous self mappings over a closed subset of Hilbert space satisfying certain nonlinear rational type contraction condition. Further this result is extended and generalized for some positive integers powers of a pair of continuous self mappings and then is devolved for a sequence of continuous self mappings in the Hilbert space. Our results generalize and extend many well known results in the literature.
On some analogues of periodic problems for Laplace equation with an oblique derivative under boundary conditions
Authors: Turmetov Batirkhan , Koshanova Maira , Muratbekova Moldir
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study solvability of new classes of nonlocal boundary value problems for the Laplace equation in a ball. The considered problems are multidimensional analogues (in the case of a ball) of classical periodic boundary value problems in rectangular regions. To study the main problem, first, for the Laplace equation, we consider an auxiliary boundary value problem with an oblique derivative. This problem generalizes the well-known Neumann problem and is conditionally solvable. The main problems are solved by reducing them to sequential solution of the Dirichlet problem and the problem with an oblique derivative. It is proved that in the case of periodic conditions, the problem is conditionally solvable; and in this case the exact condition for solvability of the considered problem is found. When boundary conditions are specified in the anti-periodic conditions form, the problem is certainly solvable. The obtained general results are illustrated with specific examples.
Reverse Logistics as a Burden in the Context of Airport
Authors: Kunert Olimpia
Published: June 2020

From the perspective of management, reverse logistics constitutes a certain burden to the functioning of airports. In the light of the State Transport Policy for 2006 - 2025, the operation of such facilities in a manner that will enable the fulfillment of specific reverse logistics needs without causing threats becomes an important objective of airport security. The focus of reverse logistics is waste flows, and, in addition to returns, reverse logistics also takes into account the protection of natural resources and minimization of pollution. Reverse logistics is characterized by the fact that the direction of the flow of goods that have been partially utilized, but still have a certain value that can be recovered, is opposite to that in a traditional distribution channel. The article focuses on public security from the perspective of environmental threats, on the basis of the results of research studies in waste reverse logistics, at selected Polish civil airports, as a potential risk factor for ground operations in air transport.
Method for Improving the Aircraft Hydraulic Drives Ability to Work
Authors: Ułanowicz Leszek , Jastrzębski Grzegorz , Jóźko Michał , Szczepaniak Paweł
Published: June 2020

One of the approaches to ensure friction stability in hydraulic precise pairs can be coating their components with low-friction materials with the friction coating method using a metal, e.g. brass. The article presents the method of applying brass on the steel surface of a hydraulic pair using friction. It discusses the technology of brass plating of hydraulic precise pairs and the results of laboratory tests involving friction-brasses hydraulic precise pairs. The factors impacting the quality of brass-coating process of hydraulic precise pairs and the requirements set for hydraulic precise pairs subject to friction-brassing were also discussed.
Modernisation of LEMACH 6 Design-Research Method as a Reliability Engineering Tool
Authors: Kuraś Łucja Maria , Smolnik Maksymilian
Published: June 2020

The article presents the developed design-research method for mechanical objects, which is a modernisation of the sequential-iterative design method LEMACH 6. As part of the design process organised by method guidelines, a number of activities related to designed object’s reliability testing and engineering were included. The article charac-terises selected design methods, with particular emphasis on the LEMACH 6 method. Next, assumptions were made regarding the development and use of the proposed solution, and a diagram and detailed analysis of individual elements of the new method were presented. The developed method enables the organisation of design works, allowing one to rapidly create new solutions and avoid mistakes during designing.
The Concept of an it System Supporting the Processes of Operating Technical Facilities in the Military
Authors: Przybysz Kamil , Grzesik Norbert
Published: June 2020

This manuscript was dedicated to the IT logistics and operation support system of technical facilities in the military. At the beginning, there was a brief description of the integrated ZWSI RON IT system’s genesis and a characterization of the basic functions of the aforementioned system. The advantages of the IT system have been highlighted, which facilitates the process of controlling the logistics and the operation of technical facilities. Attention was also drawn to the key issues related to the analysis of primary operational characteristics, such as readiness, weapon reliability and military equipment. In the end, a proposal to solve the identified operational problems was submitted by formulating the assumptions for a modern IT system for the Polish Armed Forces.
Injured and Suffering Bodies: The Trafficking and Femicide of Dominican Immigrant Women in Puerto Rico
Authors: Di Paolo Harrison Osvaldo
Published: June 2020

After drug and weapon trafficking, trafficking of women is one of the most lucrative businesses in the world. According to sociologists César Rey Hernández and Luisa Hernández Angueira in People Trafficking in Puerto Rico: The Challenge of Invisibility (2010), fifty percent of the victims are women and minors. This translates to 2.7 million women and girls that are enslaved in this inhuman business. Puerto Rico is no exception. One of its main problems is the slavery of Dominican women who, in search of a better life in Puerto Rico, are lured to illegally migrate to the island for better opportunities. However, once in the new territory, they are imprisoned and forced to become prostitutes. In addition, femicide is another world-wide pressing issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that violence against women, between fifteen and forty-four years of age, is the leading cause of death, more than cancer, malaria, car accidents and war combined, and the report ‘A Gendered Analysis of Violent Death’, compiled by Small Arms Survey Center, fourteen out of twenty-five countries with the highest rates of femicide in the world are in Latin America and the Caribbean. This essay focuses on Life is a Sexually Transmittable Disease (2014) by Wilfredo Mattos Cintron. In this novel, the enslaved-immigrant girls and women constitute an ‘injured body’, a body that is merely diminished. The third-world prostitute’s body is the material side of male-controlled dominance, subjugation and violence. Mattos Cintron’s text denounces the ‘suffering body of women’—rape, kidnapping, beating, femicide, their exclusion from human rights and sexual relegation. Moreover, along with patriarchy’s power and the socioeconomic variables as responsible agents of creating the injured body, globalization and capitalism objectify and make women’s bodies currency of the system.
The relationship of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding: the role of prediction and explanation tasks
Authors: Contreras Antonio , García-Madruga Juan Antonio
Published: June 2020

The relation between the prediction and explanation of the false belief task (FBT) with counterfactual reasoning (CFR) was explored. Fifty eight 3-5 year-olds received a prediction or an explanation FBT, a belief attribution task and some counterfactual questions of increasing difficulty. Linguistic comprehension was also controlled. CFR highly predicted FBT in the explanation version but not in the prediction one. Additionally, results in the explanation version indicate that CFR underlies achievements prior to the understanding of the representational mind and stimulates the explicitness of the mental domain. This study identifies the conditions under which CFR becomes a fundamental cognitive tool for social cognition. The results obtained contribute to the dialog between the two major theoretical approaches: theory-theory and simulation theory.
Discrimination of Uncategorized-Categorized and Uncategorized-Uncategorized Greek consonantal contrasts by Russian speakers
Authors: Georgiou Georgios P.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the discriminability of two different assimilation types, the Uncategorized-Categorized (UC) and the Uncategorized-Uncategorized assimilation (UU) (Best and Tyler, 2007), as reflected in the discrimination accuracy and reaction times towards non-native contrasts by Russian speakers. The discriminability of these assimilation types varies in the literature. To this purpose, the same Russian speakers who evaluated Greek consonantal contrasts as UC and UU types in an assimilation test of a previous study completed an AXB discrimination test in this study to detect the discriminability of these assimilation types. The findings demonstrated that most of the UU non-overlapping (UU-N) types, and specifically those with focalized-focalized responses, were more accurately discriminated and had faster RTs than the UC non-overlapping (UC-N) type. However, one UU-N type with clustered-clustered responses did not differ in terms of discrimination accuracy and reaction times with the UC-N type. It is suggested that despite having the same overlapping parameters (non-overlapping), UU types might be more discriminable than UC types with respect to consonants. Also, similarity of uncategorized phones with other assimilated phones (e.g., focalized, clustered, dispersed) might shape the UC-UU type relationship. Finally, it is assumed that the discriminability of UC-UU types might be consonant-specific.
Pengelolaan Kawasan Sendang Sono berwawasan Masyarakat
Authors: Hapsoro Singgih
Published: June 2020

Kawasan Sendangsono menjadi salah satu tempat peziarahan favorit umat Katolik di Indonesia, yang berupa sebuah gua buatan didalamnya terdapat patung perwujudan Bunda Maria , Gereja Promasan dan lintasan Jalan Salib yang menghubungkan Gereja dengan Gua Maria. Pesatnya pembangunan serta daya tarik ekonomi  menimbulkan permasalahan yang dapat membahayakan dan mengancam kelestarian sumberdaya budaya kawasan Sendangsono. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan  pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono yang berwawasan masyarakat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono saat ini. Kajian yang dilakukan adalah kajian berwawasan masyarakat, yaitu kajian pengelolaan yang  memperhatikan nilai dan makna budaya, baik yang berwujud benda maupun tak benda dan peran serta masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan  Kawasan Sendangsono sudah sangat baik, terbukti dengan kepuasan para pengunjung yang datang ke Kawasan Sendangsono. Keterlibatan masyarakat hanya sebatas kegiatan insidentil, belum menyentuh sisi manajemen. Hal inilah yang perlu diperhatikan dalam rangka Pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono yang berwawasan masyarakat.