bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplex enhancer-reporter assays uncover unsophisticated TP53 enhancer logic
Authors: Verfaillie Annelien , Svetlichnyy Dmitry , Imrichova Hana , Davie Kristofer , Fiers Mark , Kalender Atak Zeynep , Hulselmans Gert , Christiaens Valerie , Aerts Stein
Published: May 2016

Transcription factors regulate their target genes by binding to regulatory regions in the genome. Although the binding preferences of TP53 are known, it remains unclear what distinguishes functional enhancers from nonfunctional binding. In addition, the genome is scattered with recognition sequences that remain unoccupied. Using two complementary techniques of multiplex enhancer-reporter assays, we discovered that functional enhancers could be discriminated from nonfunctional binding events by the occurrence of a single TP53 canonical motif. By combining machine learning with a meta-analysis of TP53 ChIP-seq data sets, we identified a core set of more than 1000 responsive enhancers in the human genome. This TP53 cistrome is invariably used between cell types and experimental conditions, whereas differences among experiments can be attributed to indirect nonfunctional binding events. Our data suggest that TP53 enhancers represent a class of unsophisticated cell-autonomous enhancers containing a single TP53 binding site, distinct from complex developmental enhancers that integrate signals from multiple transcription factors.
Retrosplenial cortex is required for the retrieval of remote memory for auditory cues
Authors: Todd Travis P. , Mehlman Max L. , Keene Christopher S. , DeAngeli Nicole E. , Bucci David J.
Published: May 2016

The restrosplenial cortex (RSC) has a well-established role in contextual and spatial learning and memory, consistent with its known connectivity with visuo-spatial association areas. In contrast, RSC appears to have little involvement with delay fear conditioning to an auditory cue. However, all previous studies have examined the contribution of the RSC to recently acquired auditory fear memories. Since neocortical regions have been implicated in the permanent storage of remote memories, we examined the contribution of the RSC to remotely acquired auditory fear memories. In Experiment 1, retrieval of a remotely acquired auditory fear memory was impaired when permanent lesions (either electrolytic or neurotoxic) were made several weeks after initial conditioning. In Experiment 2, using a chemogenetic approach, we observed impairments in the retrieval of remote memory for an auditory cue when the RSC was temporarily inactivated during testing. In Experiment 3, after injection of a retrograde tracer into the RSC, we observed labeled cells in primary and secondary auditory cortices, as well as the claustrum, indicating that the RSC receives direct projections from auditory regions. Overall our results indicate the RSC has a critical role in the retrieval of remotely acquired auditory fear memories, and we suggest this is related to the quality of the memory, with less precise memories being RSC dependent.
The ‘Missing Masses’ of Resistance: An Ethnographic Understanding of a Workplace Dispute
Authors: Knights David , McCabe Darren
Published: May 2016

The literature on resistance has largely attended to human agents whether in terms of collective action or individual subjectivity. Through focusing on the ‘missing masses’ or mundane material artefacts, this paper seeks to show how actor network theory (ANT) can advance our understanding of resistance. Drawing upon ethnographic research during a workplace dispute, this study explores how material artefacts as well as human actors reflect heterogeneous relations that together successfully mobilized opposition to the imposition of compulsory redundancies in a UK university. In so far as the mingling and entanglement of humans and non‐humans have been largely neglected in accounts of resistance, we believe that an ANT informed account contributes in distinctive ways to this literature.
Ridge preservation of extraction sockets with chronic pathology using Bio‐Oss® Collagen with or without collagen membrane: an experimental study in dogs
Authors: Kim Jung‐Ju , Schwarz Frank , Song Hyun Young , Choi YoonMi , Kang Kyung‐Rim , Koo Ki‐Tae
Published: May 2016

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of newly bone formation and dimensional change in diseased extraction sockets using Bio‐Oss® Collagen with or without a collagen membrane.

Material and methods

In six beagle dogs, right and left 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars were hemisected and the distal roots were removed. Combined endodontic–periodontic lesions were induced in all sites using black silk, collagen sponge, endodontic files, and application of Porphyromonas gingivalis. After 4 months, among 4 premolars, three teeth were randomly selected per dog and allocated to the following experimental groups: Control group (no treatment but debridement), Test 1 group (only Bio‐Oss® Collagen graft), and Test 2 group (Bio‐Oss® Collagen graft with a collagen membrane). After 7 months from the baseline, the beagle dogs were sacrificed for histomorphometric and Micro‐CT analysis.

Results

The vertical distance between buccal and lingual crests in the Control group (2.22 ± 0.26 mm) and Test 2 group (1.80 ± 0.16 mm) was significantly different. The socket of the Test 2 group (27.04 ± 5.25%) was occupied by a greater quantity of bone graft compared to the Test 1 group (18.49 ± 2.11%).

Conclusion

Ridge preservation in diseased extraction sockets could compensate for buccal bone resorption by contact osteogenesis surrounding the bone graft particles at the bucco‐coronal area during socket healing, and the application of a collagen membrane at the entrance of the socket is useful for preserving graft material at the coronal part of the socket.
Biotic interactions mediate patterns of herbivore diversity in the Arctic
Authors: Barrio I. C. , Bueno C. G. , Gartzia M. , Soininen E. M. , Christie K. S. , Speed J. D. M. , Ravolainen V. T. , Forbes B. C. , Gauthier G. , Horstkotte T. , Hoset K. S. , Høye T. T. , Jónsdóttir I. S. , Lévesque E. , Mörsdorf M. A. , Olofsson J. , Wookey P. A. , Hik D. S.
Published: May 2016

Aim

Understanding the forces shaping biodiversity patterns, particularly for groups of organisms with key functional roles, will help predict the responses of ecosystems to environmental changes. Our aim was to evaluate the relative role of different drivers in shaping the diversity patterns of vertebrate herbivores, a group of organisms exerting a strong trophic influence in terrestrial Arctic ecosystems. This biome, traditionally perceived as homogeneous and low in biodiversity, includes wide variation in biotic and physical conditions and is currently undergoing major environmental change.

Location

The Arctic (including the High Arctic, Low Arctic and Subarctic)

Methods

We compiled available data on vertebrate (birds and mammals) herbivore distribution at a pan‐Arctic scale, and used eight variables that represent the most relevant hypotheses for explaining patterns of species richness. We used range maps rasterized on a 100 km × 100 km equal‐area grid to analyse richness patterns of all vertebrate herbivore species combined, and birds and mammalian herbivores separately.

Results

Overall, patterns of herbivore species richness in the Arctic were positively related to plant productivity (measured using the normalized difference vegetation index) and to the species richness of predators. Greater species richness of herbivores was also linked to areas with a higher mean annual temperature. Species richness of avian and mammalian herbivores were related to the distance from the coast, with the highest avian richness in coastal areas and mammalian richness peaking further inland.

Main conclusions

Herbivore richness in the Arctic is most strongly linked to primary productivity and the species richness of predators. Our results suggest that biotic interactions, with either higher or lower trophic levels or both, can drive patterns of species richness at a biome‐wide scale. Rapid ongoing environmental changes in the Arctic are likely to affect herbivore diversity through impacts on both primary productivity and changes in predator communities via range expansion of predators from lower latitudes.
Effects of fragmentation and hybridization on geographical patterns of song variation in the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata
Authors: Domínguez Marisol , Reboreda Juan Carlos , Mahler Bettina
Published: May 2016

The song learning process may lead to small‐scale geographical variation in vocalizations of oscine birds. This variation can be further enhanced by the effects of habitat fragmentation or hybridization. Populations of the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata are now patchily distributed in the southern South American thorny shrubland forests and are small as a consequence of the pressure exerted by increased habitat transformation and illegal trade. We study the Yellow Cardinal's vocalizations throughout its distribution and assess how habitat characteristics and fragmentation, as well as hybridization with the Common Diuca Diuca diuca, have affected song patterns of different populations. We expected to find song differences among populations and songs to be more similar to those of the Common Diuca in areas where hybridization occurs. Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in song between the four populations studied and confirmed that songs are more similar to those of Common Diuca where hybridization takes place. These results, in conjunction with genetic studies, can help to establish management units that preserve genetic and cultural variation in this endangered species.
Country‐Specific vs. Common Birthweight‐for‐Gestational Age References to Identify Small for Gestational Age Infants Born at 24–28 weeks: An International Study
Authors: Martin Lisa J. , Sjörs Gunnar , Reichman Brian , Darlow Brian A. , Morisaki Naho , Modi Neena , Bassler Dirk , Mirea Lucia , Adams Mark , Kusuda Satoshi , Lui Kei , Feliciano Laura San , Håkansson Stellan , Isayama Tetsuya , Mori Rintaro , Vento Max , Lee Shoo K. , Shah Prakesh S. ,   the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates Investigators
Published: May 2016

Background

Controversy exists as to whether birthweight‐for‐gestational age references used to classify infants as small for gestational age (SGA) should be country specific or based on an international (common) standard. We examined whether different birthweight‐for‐gestational age references affected the association of SGA with adverse outcomes among very preterm neonates.

Methods

Singleton infants (n = 23 788) of 240–286 weeks' gestational age in nine high‐resource countries were classified as SGA (<10th centile) using common and country‐specific references based on birthweight and estimated fetal weight (EFW). For each reference, the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for the association of SGA with composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity was estimated.

Results

The percentage of infants classified as SGA differed slightly for common compared with country specific for birthweight references [9.9% (95% CI 9.5, 10.2) vs. 11.1% (95% CI 10.7, 11.5)] and for EFW references [28.6% (95% CI 28.0, 29.2) vs. 24.6% (95% CI 24.1, 25.2)]. The association of SGA with the composite outcome was similar when using common or country‐specific references for the total sample for birthweight [aRRs 1.47 (95% CI 1.43, 1.51) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.44, 1.53) respectively] and for EFW references [aRRs 1.35 (95% CI 1.31, 1.38) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.35, 1.43) respectively].

Conclusion

Small for gestational age is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in infants born <29 weeks' gestational age. Although common and country‐specific birthweight/EFW references identified slightly different proportions of SGA infants, the risk of the composite outcome was comparable.
Role of VicRKX and GlnR in pH-Dependent Regulation of the Streptococcus salivarius 57.I Urease Operon
Authors: Huang Szu-Chuan , Chen Yi-Ywan M.
Published: May 2016

Dental plaque rich in alkali-producing bacteria is less cariogenic, and thus, urease-producing
Streptococcus salivarius
has been considered as a therapeutic agent for dental caries control. Being one of the few ureolytic microbes in the oral cavity,
S. salivarius
strain 57.I promotes its competitiveness by mass-producing urease only at acidic growth pH. Here, we demonstrated that the downregulation of the transcription of the
ure
operon at neutral pH is controlled by a two-component system, VicRKX, whereas the upregulation at acidic pH is mediated by the global transcription regulator of nitrogen metabolism, GlnR. In the absence of VicR-mediated repression, the α subunit of RNA polymerase gains access to interact with the AT-rich sequence within the operator of VicR, leading to further activation of transcription. The overall regulation provides an advantage for
S. salivarius
to cope with the fluctuation of environmental pH, allowing it to persist in the mouth successfully.
Engineering Recombinant Reoviruses To Display gp41 Membrane-Proximal External-Region Epitopes from HIV-1
Authors: Boehme Karl W. , Ikizler Mine' , Iskarpatyoti Jason A. , Wetzel J. Denise , Willis Jordan , Crowe James E. , LaBranche Celia C. , Montefiori David C. , Wilson Gregory J. , Dermody Terence S.
Published: May 2016

Vaccines to protect against HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, are not approved for use. Antibodies that neutralize genetically diverse strains of HIV-1 bind to discrete regions of the envelope glycoproteins, including the gp41 MPER. We engineered recombinant reoviruses that displayed MPER epitopes in attachment protein σ1 (REO-MPER vectors). The REO-MPER vectors replicated with wild-type efficiency, were genetically stable, and retained native antigenicity. However, we did not detect HIV-1-specific immune responses following inoculation of the REO-MPER vectors into small animals. This work provides proof of principle for engineering reovirus to express antigenic epitopes and illustrates the difficulty in eliciting MPER-specific immune responses.
Protocol for Care After Lymphoma (CALy) trial: a phase II pilot randomised controlled trial of a lymphoma nurse-led model of survivorship care
Authors: Taylor Karen , Joske David , Bulsara Max , Bulsara Caroline , Monterosso Leanne
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Lymphoma is the sixth most common cancer diagnosed in Australia and internationally. Owing to the aggressive nature of the disease and intensity of treatment, survivors face long-term effects that impact on quality of life. Current models of follow-up post-treatment fail to address these complex issues. Given that 74% of patients with lymphoma cancer now survive 5 years beyond diagnosis and treatment, it is important to address this gap in care.

Aim

To determine self-reported informational and practical needs, anxiety, depression, stress, coping and empowerment at baseline, 3 and 6 months.

Methods and analysis

A pilot randomised controlled trial will test the effect of a nurse-led lymphoma survivorship clinic compared with usual post-treatment care at a large tertiary cancer centre in Western Australia. The intervention will comprise three face-to-face appointments with delivery of tailored resources, a survivorship care plan and treatment summary (SCP TS). The SCP TS will be given to the participant and general practitioner (GP). Intervention participants will be interviewed at completion to explore the perceived value of the intervention components and preferred dose. An evaluation developed for GPs will assess receipt and use of SCP TS. The primary intent of analysis will be to address the feasibility of a larger trial and requisite effect and sample size.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been granted by the University of Notre Dame Australia and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Western Australia. Peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations will report the results of this phase II trial.

Trial registration number

ANZCTRN12615000530527; Pre-results.
Klotho/fibroblast growth factor 23- and PTH-independent estrogen receptor-α-mediated direct downregulation of NaPi-IIa by estrogen in the mouse kidney
Authors: Webster Rose , Sheriff Sulaiman , Faroqui Rashma , Siddiqui Faraaz , Hawse John R. , Amlal Hassane
Published: May 2016

Estrogen treatment causes renal phosphate (Pi) wasting and hypophosphatemia in rats and humans; however, the signaling mechanisms mediating this effect are still poorly understood. To determine the specific roles of estrogen receptor isoforms (ERα and ERβ) and the Klotho pathway in mediating these effects, we studied the effects of estrogen on renal Pi handling in female mice with null mutations of ERα or ERβ or Klotho and their wild type (WT) using balance studies in metabolic cages. Estrogen treatment of WT and ERβ knockout (KO) mice caused a significant reduction in food intake along with increased renal phosphate wasting. The latter resulted from a significant downregulation of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc protein abundance. The mRNA expression levels of both transporters were unchanged in estrogen-treated mice. These effects on both food intake and renal Pi handling were absent in ERα KO mice. Estrogen treatment of Klotho KO mice or parathyroid hormone (PTH)-depleted thyroparathyroidectomized mice exhibited a significant downregulation of NaPi-IIa with no change in the abundance of NaPi-IIc. Estrogen treatment of a cell line (U20S) stably coexpressing both ERα and ERβ caused a significant downregulation of NaPi-IIa protein when transiently transfected with a plasmid containing full-length or open-reading frame (ORF) 3′-untranslated region (UTR) but not 5′-UTR ORF of mouse NaPi-IIa transcript. In conclusion, estrogen causes phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia in mice. These effects result from downregulation of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc proteins in the proximal tubule through the activation of ERα. The downregulation of NaPi-IIa by estrogen involves 3′-UTR of its mRNA and is independent of Klotho/fibroblast growth factor 23 and PTH signaling pathways.
Faecal eosinophil cationic protein and serum immunoglobulin E in relation to infant feeding practices
Authors: Hua Man-Chin , Chen Chien-Chang , Liao Sui-Ling , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Tsai Ming-Han , Lai Shen-Hao , Chiu Chih-Yung , Yeh Kuo-Wei , Huang Jing-Long
Published: May 2016

Background

To date, the effects of exclusive breastfeeding duration and timing of solid food introduction on allergy prevention are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of variable feeding practices on intestinal inflammation in infants using faecal eosinophil cationic protein as a surrogate marker and to assess whether faecal eosinophil cationic protein is associated with serum immunoglobulin E.

Methods

Subjects ( n = 206) were enrolled from the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese CHildren (PATCH) birth cohort study. Stool samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for determining eosinophil cationic protein, and blood was collected for determining total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E at 12 months. We compared these biomarkers between infants with variable exclusive breastfeeding duration and infants introduced to solid foods at various periods. The association between faecal eosinophil cationic protein, total serum immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E was also analysed.

Results

Faecal eosinophil cationic protein was significantly higher in exclusively breastfed infants compared with formula-fed infants and infants who were not exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age ( P < 0.05). At 12 months, infants who were introduced to solid foods at 5–6 months had the lowest faecal eosinophil cationic protein compared with those who were introduced at earlier and later periods. There was no significant association between faecal eosinophil cationic protein and serum immunoglobulin E.

Conclusion

We found that breastfeeding exclusively for >6 months did not reduce serum immunoglobulin E, but rather increased intestinal inflammation. Faecal eosinophil cationic protein was not associated with total serum immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E and might not be a useful indictor of immunoglobulin E sensitization in infancy.
Influence of Discussion Incivility on Deliberation: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Moral Indignation
Authors: Hwang Hyunseo , Kim Youngju , Kim Yeojin
Published: May 2016

Isolating causal relationships is very difficult in natural discussion because discussion is, by nature, a causally complex interactive process. This study provides a novel approach to this problem by using simulated online discussion to experimentally manipulate message characteristics in a timed script that participants believed to be a discussion with other participants. In particular, we manipulated whether simulated online discussion partners expressed disagreement civilly or uncivilly. With this unique design, we examined how individuals differently react to opposing views in an online discussion setting depending on tone of disagreement expression. Our results showed that exposure to uncivil discussion results in increased negative emotions toward the other side, which in turn led to more closed-mindedness and more expression of disagreement with the discussion partner on the other side of the issue, although uncivil discussion and negative emotions are positively related to recall of the other side’s reasons.
Using Mixed-Modality Vocabulary Learning on Mobile Devices
Authors: Ou-Yang Fang Chuan , Wu Wen-Chi Vivian
Published: May 2016

To achieve better adaptive learning for mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), individual prior knowledge proficiency, perceptual learning style, and learning behavior should all be considered in system development. While reviewing the existing literature about MALL research, the researchers of this study found very few recent studies exploring the relationship between mixed-modality learners and learning effectiveness by observing the system operating behaviors. Therefore, the researchers developed a MALL system, MyEVA Mobile, employing mixed-modality vocabulary learning, to assist students who have English as a foreign language to improve their vocabulary. To explore the effect of the system on university students with different learning attitudes and English proficiencies (English majors and non-English majors), the study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology to analyze the subjects’ learning achievements, perceptual learning styles, learning strategy preferences, and learning behaviors. The results of this study demonstrated how different learning behaviors varied with learners with different learning styles through diverse observations. The findings of this study are expected to provide a good reference for future MALL system development incorporating context-aware learner support as well as a direction for future researchers who wish to conduct a similar MALL study.
Preparing Students to Enter the Race for Postgraduate Training
Authors: Hidayat Levita , Huggins Charnicia E. , Venugopalan Veena , Berrios-Colon Evangelina
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

Exposure of pharmacy students to postgraduate training prior to clinical practice is currently endorsed by national professional organizations. To meet this goal, colleges and schools of pharmacy are developing residency preparation programs. In this descriptive report, we review published studies of curricular activities and structured programs from academic institutions across the United States aimed at preparing students for residency training and promoting postgraduate education. Additionally, we discuss our experience developing a residency preparation program at Touro College of Pharmacy (TCOP).

A literature search yielded 15 residency preparation programs. While the format, content, and length of programs varied, there were common components such as curriculum vitae critique, mock interviews, and focused sessions on the residency application process. At TCOP, a 5-themed residency preparation workshop series was implemented during the third and fourth academic year. The workshops were modeled after existing programs and included several of the core components. One feature unique to the TCOP program was the addition of multiple mock interviews.

Conclusion:

The growing focus on residency training has led to increased competition among applicants. To better prepare students for this rigorous application and interview process, development of structured residency preparation programs, similar to TCOP’s, should be encouraged.
Distributed reactive collision avoidance for a swarm of quadrotors
Authors: Leonard J , Savvaris A , Tsourdos A
Published: May 2016

The large-scale of unmanned aerial vehicle applications has escalated significantly within the last few years, and the current research is slowly hinting at a move from single vehicle applications to multivehicle systems. As the number of agents operating in the same environment grows, conflict detection and resolution becomes one of the most important factors of the autonomous system to ensure the vehicles’ safety throughout the completion of their missions. The work presented in this paper describes the implementation of the novel distributed reactive collision avoidance algorithm proposed in the literature, improved to fit a swarm of quadrotor helicopters. The original method has been extended to function in dense and crowded environments with relevant spatial obstacle constraints and deconfliction manoeuvres for high number of vehicles. Additionally, the collision avoidance is modified to work in conjunction with a dynamic close formation flight scheme. The solution presented to the conflict detection and Resolution problem is reactive and distributed, making it well suited for real-time applications. The final avoidance algorithm is tested on a series of crowded scenarios to test its performances in close quarters.
Integrase strand transferase inhibitors: the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation
Authors: Azar Marwan M , Malinis Maricar F , Moss J , Formica Richard N , Villanueva Merceditas S
Published: May 2016

In the era of antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV/AIDS live longer and are subject to co-morbidities that affect the general population, such as chronic kidney disease. An increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS with end-stage renal disease are candidates for renal transplantation. Prior experience demonstrated that HIV-positive renal transplant recipients had acceptable survival but graft survival was decreased and rejection rates were increased, possibly due to suboptimal management of immunosuppressive medications in the face of drug interactions with antiretroviral therapy, particularly protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Integrase strand transferase inhibitors are advantageous since they avoid drug–drug interactions with immunosuppressive drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors. We report clinical outcomes of 12 HIV-positive patients who underwent 13 kidney transplantations at our institution between 2000 and 2015. Cumulative survival was 75%, one-year and three-year survival were 100% and 63%. Integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens were used in nine patients, of which eight survived. In patients on integrase strand transferase inhibitor, there was 100% graft survival and two had allograft rejection. In contrast, graft failure occurred in three patients on non-integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based regimens. Based on our study findings and on previously published data, we conclude that integrase strand transferase inhibitor-based therapy, preferably instituted prior to transplantation, is the preferred antiretroviral regimen in HIV-positive renal transplantation.
Book Review: K. P. Kannan, Interrogating Inclusive Growth: Poverty and Inequality in India
Authors: Abraham Dimple Tresa
Published: May 2016

K. P. Kannan, Interrogating Inclusive Growth: Poverty and Inequality in India. New Delhi: Routledge, 2014, 310 pages, ₹795, ISBN 978-1-138-79565-5
Simulation at Wars’ End: A “Documentary” in the Field of Evidence Quest
Authors: Mohaiemen Naeem
Published: May 2016

The release of Muktir Gaan in 1995 ended a long, politically induced drought in films about the 1971 war that created Bangladesh. Built by Tareque and Catherine Masud from repurposed “found footage” shot by Lear Levin, the film was received by most Bangladeshi audiences as an exact documentary. The film crew’s explicit discussion of simulations and the inclusion of a “making of” section in the digital versatile disc (DVD) release a decade later have done little to change audience perceptions. This believing audience derives from a willing suspension of a skeptical eye, due to an absence of a moving image record of the war. The rewriting of story has been a crucial aspect of the documentation of, and debates around, national liberation wars. An initially declarative, and oral, culture around Bangladeshi war memories in the 1970s has been replaced by the search for evidence in the context of recent high stakes war crimes trials. What I want to suggest is that audiences have different modes of viewing specific to narratives that have become sacrosanct. They may be skeptical, rational, and evidentiary audiences for other objects, but with such sacred narratives they transform themselves, again, into a believing public.
Longitudinal Outcomes for Youth Transported to Wilderness Therapy Programs
Authors: Tucker Anita R. , Combs Katie Massey , Bettmann Joanna E. , Chang Te-Hsin , Graham Suzanne , Hoag Matt , Tatum Callie
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

Due to the ethical concern around involuntary treatment, this study sought to investigate if youth participants in wilderness therapy who were transported to the program experienced different rates of change than those not transported.

Methods:

Multilevel modeling techniques were used to investigate rates of change for youth between transported and nontransported youth over 5 points until 6 months postdischarge. In addition, repeated measures analyses of variance investigated parent reports of change over time across transport status, gender, and diagnosis.

Results:

The findings showed no differences between transported and nontransported youth in changes over time. Overall, all youth improved significantly with changes maintained postdischarge regardless of transport status.

Discussion:

This study shows that transporting youth to treatment does not appear to interfere with the treatment outcome; however, more research is needed to understand clients’ perception of the transport process.
Picture This
Authors: Maratos Marie , Huynh Linh , Tan Julia , Lui Jordon , Jarus Tal
Published: May 2016

An increasing number of high-functioning stroke survivors are present with minimal functional impairments and are often discharged with reduced access to community reintegration. Our objectives were to explore the lived experience of high-functioning stroke survivors and to identify gaps in community and rehabilitation services. Photovoice was used with five high-functioning stroke survivors to photo-document their experiences. A modified inductive thematic analysis was used, and meanings behind the photographs were elicited through four focus group sessions followed by photography exhibitions. Five themes emerged: lack of understanding and consideration for persons with disability, emotional and behavioral impacts after stroke, self-reliance and dependence on others, importance of appropriate and accessible services, and financial determinants of quality of life. By including service users’ voices; investing in adapted, community-based programs; and providing educational programs for creating attitudinal change among service providers, the polarization between who can and cannot access services will be reduced.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a New d-Dimer Assay (Sclavo Auto d-Dimer) for Exclusion of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Symptomatic Outpatients
Authors: Legnani Cristina , Cini Michela , Frascaro Mirella , Rodorigo Giuseppina , Sartori Michelangelo , Cosmi Benilde
Published: May 2016

In patients presenting non-high clinical pretest probability (PTP), a negative d-dimer can exclude venous thromboembolism without imaging tests. However, each d-dimer assay should be validated in prospective studies. We evaluated an automated d-dimer immunoassay using the Sclavo Auto d-dimer (Sclavo Diagnostics Int, Sovicille, Italy) provided by Dasit Diagnostica (Cornaredo, Milan, Italy). Three hundred two consecutive outpatients suspected of leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with non-high PTP were included. The Sclavo Auto d-dimer assay was evaluated on 2 analyzers (Sysmex CA-7000 and Sysmex CS-2100; Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan, provided by Dasit). The cutoff value (200 ng/mL) was established a priori. Prevalence of DVT was 11.9%. Since no false-negative patients were detected, the sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPVs) were 100% (sensitivity = CA-7000: 100% [95% confidence interval, CI: 93.3-100], CS-2100: 100% [95% CI: 93.3-100]; NPV = CA-7000: 100% [95% CI: 97.9-100], CS-2100: 100% [95% CI: 98.0-100]). Specificity was 65.4% (95% CI: 59.4-71.1) and 69.2% (95% CI: 63.3-74.7) for CA-7000 and CS-2100, respectively. Specificity increased when a higher cutoff value (234 ng/mL) was used for patients aged ≥60 years without compromising the safety. Assay reproducibility was satisfactory at concentrations near the cutoff value (total coefficient of variations <10%). In conclusion, the Sclavo Auto d-dimer assay was accurate when used for DVT diagnostic workup in outpatients with non-high PTP. Based on its high sensitivity and NPV, it can be used as a stand-alone test in outpatients with non-high PTP. Given its high specificity, the number of patients in whom further imaging techniques can be avoided increased, improving the yield of the test.
Small Compartment Toxicity
Authors: Gauvin David V. , Yoder Joshua D. , Tapp Rachel L. , Baird Theodore J.
Published: May 2016

Life experiences, industrial/environmental exposures, and administration of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs may have unintended but detrimental effects on peripheral and central auditory pathways. Most relevant to the readership of this journal is the role that drug treatments approved by the FDA as safe and effective appear to interact with 3 independent modes of toxicity within the small compartment of the ear. What may seem to be trivial drug-induced toxicity has the potential to change important measures of quality of life and functional capacity of mid- to late-life patients. Drugs meant to treat can become the source of interference in the activities of daily living, and as a result, treatment compliance may be jeopardized. Ototoxicity has been defined as the tendency of certain therapeutic agents and other chemical substances to cause functional impairments and cellular degeneration of the tissues of the inner ear resulting in hearing loss. However, one of the largest contributors to hospitalizations is fall-related injuries in the elderly patients associated with disorders of vestibular function linked to progressive and drug-induced toxicities. Tinnitus affects 35 to 50 million adults representing approximately 25% of the US population, with 12 million seeking medical care and 2 to 3 million reporting symptoms that were severely debilitating. This review is intended to highlight these targets of neurotoxicity that threaten the usefulness of drug treatments deemed safe and effective prior to access by the general public.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Preliminary Results
Authors: D’Onofrio Mirko , Crosara Stefano , De Robertis Riccardo , Butturini Giovanni , Salvia Roberto , Paiella Salvatore , Bassi Claudio , Mucelli Roberto Pozzi
Published: May 2016

Aim:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of locally advanced pancreatic cancer located in the pancreatic body.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with biopsy-proven locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were considered for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Postprocedural computed tomography studies and Ca19.9 tumor marker evaluation were performed at 24 hours and 1 month. At computed tomography, treatment effect was evaluated by excluding the presence of complications. The technical success of the procedure is defined at computed tomography as the achievement of tumoral ablated area.

Results:

Twenty-three patients have been included in the study. Five of the 23 patients were excluded. At computed tomography, the mean size of the intralesional postablation necrotic area was 32 mm (range: 15-65 mm). Technical success of the procedure has been obtained in 16 (93%) of the 18 cases. None of the patients developed postprocedural complications. Mean Ca19.9 serum levels 1 day before, 1 day after, and 1 month after the procedure were 285.8 U/mL (range: 16.6-942.0 U/mL), 635.2 U/mL (range: 17.9-3368.0 U/mL), and 336.0 U/mL (range: 7.0-1400.0 U/mL), respectively. Follow-up duration was less than 6 months for 11 patients and more than 6 months for 7 patients. At the time of the draft of this article, the mean survival of the patients included in the study was 185 days (range: 62-398 days).

Conclusion:

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of locally advanced adenocarcinoma has a high technical success rate and is effective in cytoreduction both at imaging and laboratory controls.
The fit between school board control and behaviour of middle managers, team leaders and teachers in Dutch colleges for vocational education and training
Authors: Honingh Marlies , van Genugten Marieke
Published: May 2016

The inspectorate’s judgements about a school’s educational quality in the Netherlands are to a large extent based on sophisticated desk research, risk analyses and analyses of the school’s self-evaluation reports. This relatively distant mode of inspecting schools relies on rational ideas about organizational management and control while aspects that might hinder boards from effective steering and influencing processes in schools are almost neglected. By comparing two schools that have boards that are considered to be in control and two schools that have boards that are not in control, we examine whether and how an inspectorate’s judgement of being in control fits the behaviour of teachers, team leaders and middle managers. This study among teachers, team leaders, middle managers and quality assurance managers shows that the extent of board control only partly fits the behaviour of teachers, team leaders and middle managers.
From Left to Rights: Civil Liberties Lawyering Between the World Wars
Authors: Weinrib Laura M.
Published: May 2016

In the formative years of the modern First Amendment, civil liberties lawyers struggled to justify their participation in a legal system they perceived as biased and broken. For decades, they charged, the courts had fiercely protected property rights even while they tolerated broad-based suppression of the “personal rights,” such as expressive freedom, through which peaceful challenges to industrial interests might have proceeded. This article focuses on three phases in the relationship between the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the courts in the period between the world wars: first, the ACLU’s attempt to promote worker mobilization by highlighting judicial hypocrisy; second, its effort to induce incremental legal reform by mobilizing public opinion; and third, its now-familiar reliance on the judiciary to insulate minority views against state intrusion and majoritarian abuses. By reconstructing these competing approaches, the article explores the trade-offs – some anticipated and some unintended – entailed by the ACLU’s mature approach.
Vitamin D deficiency in an inpatient forensic intellectual disability service
Authors: Chester Verity , Simmons Hayley , Henriksen Marie , Alexander Regi T
Published: May 2016

No research has examined vitamin D deficiency among inpatients within forensic intellectual disability services, despite their potentially increased risk. Tests of serum 25(OHD) concentration in blood are routinely offered to patients within the service as part of the admission and annual physical health check. Results were classified as deficient <25, insufficient <50, sufficient 50–75 or optimal >75. Deficient or insufficient patients were offered supplement treatment and retested within 6 months. Levels were compared between groups: level of security and gender. At baseline, 87% of patients were deficient or insufficient, whilst 13% were sufficient or optimal. At follow-up, 53% had sufficient or optimal levels. However, some patients remained deficient (13%) or insufficient (34%) due to non-compliance with treatment. Women appeared more likely to be deficient. High levels of vitamin D deficiency were found among this population. Vitamin D screening and treatment is a simple and effective way of improving the physical health of this population.
Influenza vaccination for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness
Authors: Sanei Farzaneh , Wilkinson Tom
Published: May 2016

Influenza infection is an important cause of global mortality and morbidity with the greatest impact on older people and those with chronic disease. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are particularly vulnerable to influenza, with evidence for increased incidence and severity of infection. In this patient group influenza is associated with exacerbations and pneumonia which result in a significant healthcare burden and premature mortality. Influenza vaccination and in particular the use of the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) is recommended for patients with COPD. The evidence base for its effects in this population is, however, limited. Available data suggest that immunogenicity is variable in COPD but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. The contribution of age, disease severity, comorbidity and treatments to vaccine responses has only been investigated in a limited manner. Existing data suggest that key immune mechanisms governing T- and B-cell responses are adversely affected by these factors. The efficacy of TIV has been studied in a number of small clinical trials which form the basis of a Cochrane review. Here evidence for effect is conflicting depending on individual trial design and inclusions. Overall, TIV offers protection against influenza infection in the trial setting but further studies are required to stratify patients and enable prediction of inadequate responses. Larger-scale clinical studies have largely been observational and have often been conducted in consort with pneumonia vaccination. Overall the mortality benefit of TIV in COPD is suggested by a number studies but the impact on exacerbation prevention is less clear. Influenza vaccination currently plays an important role in disease prevention in COPD. However, we postulate that a more in-depth understanding of mechanisms of response in the context of a highly heterogeneous disease will lead to a more informed approach to vaccination and greater benefit for the individual patient.
Putting time aside: Navigating the flow of becoming in a posthuman world
Authors: Rooney Tonya
Published: May 2016

In reflecting on categories of childhood, youth and adolescence, this article challenges the emphasis on linearity that often emerges within and between these representations of different life stages. It is argued that the focus on the linear dimension of children’s lives can act to hide some of the more vital, nonlinear and situated aspects of children’s becoming. In a context where children will inevitably be required to navigate increasingly complex local/global tensions and uncertainties, a shift towards the nonlinear can help us to better understand ways of living with/in this world that are both responsive and attentive. Through this, it is possible to see why these nonlinear dimensions of becoming hold a transformative potential; one that can help overcome the inertia that ironically arises within the frenetic pace often associated with contemporary childhoods.
The Imagined Audience and Privacy Concern on Facebook: Differences Between Producers and Consumers
Authors: Jung Yumi , Rader Emilee
Published: May 2016

Facebook users share information with others by creating posts and specifying who should be able to see each post. Once a user creates a post, those who see it have the ability to copy and re-share the information. But, if the reader has a different understanding of the information in the post than the creator intended, he or she may use the information in ways that are contrary to the intentions of the original creator. This study examined whether post creators (Producers) and readers (Consumers) who are Facebook Friends had similar levels of privacy concern regarding how others might use the information in specific posts, and how their privacy concern about the post varied by whether the imagined audience consisted of Friends, Friends of Friends, or the general Public. The results showed that both Producers and Consumers had similar levels of privacy concern about a post shared with an imagined audience of Friends versus Friends of Friends. However, Consumers believed posts were more private than the Producers themselves did, and showed more privacy concern. This shows that post Consumers care about Producers’ privacy, perceive that they are co-owners of the information, and engage in boundary management with Producers.
Dynamics of spectral power of heart rate variability in students the latitudinal movement
Authors: Нерсисян  , Nersisyan N. , Шакирова  , Shakirova L. , Нифонтова  , Nifontova O. , Рассадина  , Rassadina Yu.
Published: May 2016

In the conditions of sanatorium treatment the parameters of the cardiovascular system of schoolchildren with the latitudinal displacements were analyzed. Analysis of parameters of cardiovascular system of children in sanatoria from the position of the stochastics showed that the behavior of RR-intervals is still chaotic. The results of the study revealed that short-term treatment reduces the size of quasi-attractor vector of conditions of the human body and partially normalizes the indicators of the cardio-respiratory system of children. However, after the rest of the distance rX increasing, says lack of formation of mechanisms of adaptation of students, as well as significant tension of regulatory processes. The use of the method of calculation of matrices mega-factory of distances in m-dimensional phase space provides some quantitative evaluation of adaptive reserves of the body. This allows us to objectively assess the dynamics of reserve possibilities of organism and their prognostic significance.
MAMA MODEL APPROACH: ITS IMPLICATION TO COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITEZENSHIP BEHAVIOR OF OPERATIONAL HOTEL EMPLOYEE
Authors: Udiyana Ida Bagus Gede , Wignjohartoyo Parwoto , Sulasmi Siti
Published: May 2016

The aims of this study is to find the existence of MAMA (Motivation, Ability, and Moral Awareness) model to the commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The subject of the research is the five stars hotels at Nusa Dua Bali. Respondents of this study are the operational employees at the hotels who have Hindu religion with 198 samples. The method of collecting data was simple random sampling method with proportional allocation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis technique was utilized to analyze the data in this research. This research has found that MAMA model (Motivation, Ability, and Moral Awareness) influences OCB. Furthermore this research has found a theory that the main variable which is causing the appearance of organizational citizenship behavior is MAMA (motivation, ability, and moral awareness) as an intrinsic behavior, and commitment or organizational citizenship behavior function of MAMA, and commitment or to be formulated as OCB f.
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