bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF SENTIMENTALISM IN THE PASTORAL NOVEL OF WILLIAM GODWIN "IMOGEN"
Authors:   Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin, Seregina M.A.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the article is the peculiarities of sentimentalism in one of W. Godwin's early novels "Imogen". The author comes to the conclusion that, relying on the traditional understanding of sentimental pastoralism (the leading role of nature in the "bucolic" or "Georgian" understanding, the use of a pastoral chronotope, idealization of the pastoral lifestyle, the depiction of platonic feelings between heroes, the presence of pastoral conflicts), W. Godwin uses these features as a background to illustrate his socio-political ideas. He widely uses the technique of contrast, building a system of conflicts on its basis, complicates the nature of the characters and the relationships between them, making them more contradictory, and experiments with style and genre canons. As a result, the originality of the author's perception of sentimentalism in the pastoral novel "Imogen" lies in the mixture of typically sentimental features and the author's specific socio-political worldview. In addition, while writing the novel, the writer's style is still in development, which also leaves an imprint on the manifestation of a sentimental basis in the work.
STUDY OF I.A. BUNIN'S CREATIVITY AT SCHOOL (NEW READING BASED ON INFORMATION CULTURE)
Authors:   Minin Pedagogical University of Nizhny Novgorod, Shustov M.P.
Published: October 2021

Тhe article is devoted to the role of information culture in the analysis of I. A. Bunin's artistic creativity. The purpose of the article is to study the role of fairy-tale poetics in the formation of the original style of the writer, the influence of fairy tales on the in-depth disclosure of the inner world of Bunin's hero and the formation of a specific Russian character based on the fairy-tale worldview. Materials and methods: The novelty of the work lies in a new approach to the work of I. A. Bunin. Based on comparative, literary and informational research methods, the author of the article proves the advantage of literary analysis based on information culture. Research results: analyzing the works of I. A. Bunin, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that the success of the writer in creating his original author's style is directly related to the use of normative fairy-tale poetics, which has been formed by folk tales for centuries. Discussion and conclusion: I. A. Bunin, relying on fairy-tale poetics, creates his own unique style. On the one hand, he creates his own literary fairy tales, on the other, using poetic techniques of the fairy-tale genre, turning them into an effective tool.
M. GORKY. "STORIES OF 1922-1924": PROBLEMS OF MODERN READING ("A STORY ABOUT A NOVEL")
Authors:   Saratov State University, Belova T.D.
Published: October 2021

The article comprehensively examines the "Story of a novel" – one of the most read and underestimated in the stage cycle of M. Gorky "Stories of 1822-1924" - on the writer's way to the final book "The Life of Klim Samgin". At first glance, a humorously ironic story reveals a complex of conceptual problems, helps to identify the features of the writer's creative laboratory in his attitude to historical reality, to the laws of artistic creativity, the peculiarities of revealing the inner world of a person, his gender component, and socio-cultural status.
"THE TWO CAPTAINS" BY V. KAVERIN: AUTHOR'S CONCEPT AND NOVEL’S COMPOSITION
Authors:   Saratov State University, Vanyukov A.I.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the author's concept and composition of novel "The Two Captains" (1938-1944) by V.Kaverin as a "whole" at the interrelated levels of the book (book one-book two), parts (part one - part ten) and chapters (84 chapters the first book, 69 chapters of the second book). Particular attention is paid to the compositional rhythm of the chapters.
MINUS-RECEPTION AS A METHOD FOR SIMULATING «HISTORICAL TRAUMA» IN THE STORY OF F. GORENSHTEIN "OLD WOMAN"
Authors:   Samara University, Zolotenkova A.A. , Perepyolkin M.A.
Published: October 2021

The article presents an attempt to read the story "The Old Woman" by F. Gorenstein as an example of the implementation of the principle of significant absence. The principle of significant absence is considered as one of the main ones for the work of F. Gorenstein. In this story, it finds expression through the modeling of "minus-time", the withdrawal into which turns out to be a marker of the historical trauma that the heroines are experiencing. After examining the story of the "Old Woman" from this point of view, conclusions were drawn about the participation of the minus method in the formation of the category of non-being within the story.
GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR SONGS IN CREATIVE WORK OF T.M. AKIMOVA
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kireyeva E.V.
Published: October 2021

This article considers Prof. T.M. Akimova's contribution in collecting the Great Patriotic War songs in Saratov and its region as well as their studying and popularisation among the public in general and students in particular. Also the author of this paper analyses the Great Patriotic War songs both as one of the issues in Prof. Akimova's research and the peculiarities of her style.
THE QUESTION OF THE PERIODIZATION OF THE GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL STATE
Authors: Чупилкина Айгуль Фаридовна
Published: October 2021

Автор формулирует предложение для научного дискурса по поводу чрезвычайно актуального и необходимого для Российского государства феномена социального государства. Поднят вопрос единого представления о генезисе социального государства и его критериях. Исторические примеры, в которых показаны реализация и последствия социальных законов в различной государственной и общественной «почве», помогают определить место и разумное применение элементов социального государства в современной российской государственности. Жизнеспособные элементы для распределения этапов эволюции социального государства имеют аргументы различных авторов. На основании проведенного анализа четкость критериев периодизации генезиса социального государства предложено обозначить как совокупность (систему) признаков, перечисленных в настоящей статье. Сформулированная совокупность (система) признаков позволила утверждать, что зародилось социальное государство в эпоху Античной Греции. Более того, древнегреческая мысль в принципе оказала влияние на юридическое мировоззрение прошлого, настоящего и будущего. Здесь впервые использованы основные понятия теории государства и права, что на сегодняшний день является основой теоретических знаний правоведа. Уголовно-исполнительная система является социальным институтом, что обусловливает важность трактовки тематики истории и теории социального государства.

The author formulates a proposal for scientific discourse, due to the unsolved, but extremely relevant and necessary for the Russian state, the phenomenon of the social state. The question of a unified idea of the genesis of the social state and its criteria is raised. Illustrative historical examples in which are the implementation and consequences of social laws help to determine the place and reasonable application of the elements of the social state in modern Russian statehood. The arguments of various authors have viable elements for the distribution of the stages of the evolution of the social state. Based on the analysis, the clarity of the criteria for the periodization of the genesis of the social state is proposed to be designated as a set (system) of the features listed in this article. The formulated set (system) of features allowed us to assert that the origins of the social state have their roots in the era of Ancient Greece. In addition, ancient Greek thought in principle influenced the legal worldview of the past, present and future. Here, for the first time, the basic concepts of the theory of state and law are used, which today is the basis of the theoretical knowledge of a jurist. The penal system is a social institution, which determines the importance of interpreting the topics of history and the theory of the social state.
自己評価と他己評価は高校生の英作文学習不安にどんな影響を与えるのか?
How Do Self and Peer Assessment Affect High School Students’ Writing Anxiety?
Authors: Oi Yoko
Published: October 2021

本研究は、自己評価や他己評価による英作文学習不安に対する影響とthe Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (Cheng, 2004)の妥当性を探るのが目的である。分析方法は、293人の日本の高校生を対象に自己評価と他己評価の２グループに分けた後、10日間の間に、5回の英作文作成と生徒評価活動（自己評価か他己評価）を集中的に行った。それぞれの生徒評価活動前後に、高校生の英作文学習不安の因子構造変化のグループ比較を、探索的因子分析を使って行った。結果は、事前の因子構造は自己評価グループと他己評価グループは同様だが、実験後は違いが見られた。しかし、主要因子は、実験前後ともに認知的不安による英作文への回避意識であることは変わりがなかった。本研究が英作文授業の活性化につながる事を示唆したい。
This study examined the effects of self-assessment vs. peer assessment on Japanese high school students’ writing anxiety and the validity of Cheng’s (2004) Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI). After assignment to either the self-assessment or peer-assessment condition, two groups of Japanese high school students (N=293) participated in a series of five writing and student-assessment sessions over a period of 10 days. An exploratory factor analysis was then conducted on SLWAI data collected before and after these sessions to compare the effects of the writing practice and student assessment type on the factor structure of the two groups’ writing anxiety. The results showed post-treatment factor structure differences that had not been present initially. Nevertheless, the main factor both before and after the treatment sessions was English writing avoidance due to cognitive anxiety. These findings suggest the importance of dealing with learner anxiety to improve English writing instruction.
Shadowing Procedures in Teaching and Their Future
Authors: Hamada Yo
Published: October 2021

Shadowing has become popular in the Japanese EFL teaching context over the past two decades. Accumulated research data indicates that shadowing is effective for listening skill development and teaching pronunciation. This article first summarizes how to use shadowing to teach listening through an example of a lesson procedure based on previous research. Subsequently, it proposes a procedure for teaching pronunciation. Finally, it proposes research areas that can be explored for the development of shadowing as a teaching technique.
シャドーイングは最近の二十年間、日本の英語教育において、広く認識されるようになった。これまでの研究によると、シャドーイングはリスニング力の向上および発音指導への可能性も提唱されている。本稿では、初めに過去の研究に基づいたリスニング指導法としてのシャドーイング活用法を、１つの授業を例として概観する。その後、発音指導の手順も提唱する。最後に、指導法として、シャドーイングの今後の発展に寄与するであろう研究分野についても議論を深める。
Constrictional deformation of the Koster dyke swarm in a ductile sinistral shear zone, Koster islands, SW Sweden
Authors: Hageskov Bjorn
Published: October 2021

The Koster-Kattsund dyke swarm is an important element in the Sveconorwegian province of the Baltic shield. Dyke intrusion took place in the period 1225-1015 Ma. Throughout most of the swarm the dykes are strongly deformed and thoroughly recrystallised into lineated amphibolites as a result of a Sveconor- wegian tectonic event about 1000 Ma ago. However, in the Koster archipelago fresh dolerites can be fol­lowed northwards in to partially recrystallised metadolerites and finally into the totally recrystallised, line­ated amphibolites that characterise the swarm.
In the Koster archipelago intense dyking resulted in the formation of a multilayered rock sandwich con­sisting of alternating layers of gneiss and dolerite. The sandwich trends NNE and dips 67°W. The dolerite dykes have a mean thickness of2.2 m and they occupy 15-20% of the total rock mass. To the northeast the sandwich becomes progressively deformed and ultimately shows very high strain of pure constrictional type. The deformation took place in a steep NW-SE-trending ductile shear zone. During the initial shear zone deformation (D4,) the sandwich underwent anticlockwise bending and the large Kyrkosund synform was formed. The fold plunges 303/66 and has a NW-SE-trending axial surface. The bending took place by means of flexural-slip folding in which the layer-parallel shearing was located in incompetent dyke layers. Increasing shearing and recrystallisation in a NW-SE-trending belt crossing the northern limb of the Kyr­kosund synform resulted in a softening of this belt. The succeeding event (D4b) was localised in this initial soft belt, and involved sinistral simple shear combined with pure shear resulting in horizontal widening and vertical shortening of the belt. This composite deformation formed the pure constrictional fabric now
seen in the rocks. The strong D4b stretching was followed by the formation of trains of asymmetric folds (D 4c and d4a).
It is demonstrated that volume changes in the dyke rock during deformation were negligible, and that no competence contrast between gneiss and dyke rock existed during the D 4b stretching. The finite con­strictional strain ellipsoid has the dimensions X = 7.07, Y = Z = 0.18. The composite simple/pure shear deformation that presumably caused the constriction has a simple shear component y = 10.9, correspond­ing to an angular shear of 84. 7°. The pure shear deformation resulted in a 3.4 times horizontal widening of the initial soft belt. The horizontal sinistral displacement within the shear zone was at least 35 km.
Geologic field studies of the Miki Fjord Area, East Greenland
Authors: Bird D. K. , Rosing M. T. , Manning C. E. , Rose N. M.
Published: October 2021

Field relations between Tertiary intrusions and the lithologic units near Miki Fjord provide a record of physical and chemical processes associated with crustal extension and the formation of the East Greenland continental margin.
At several localities the Precambrian basement has been remobilized and partly incorporated in the large macrodikes northeast of the Skaergaard intrusion. Blocks of vesicular basalts sank into the macroÂ­dike magma and were metamorphosed to equigranular aggregates of olivine and ortho- and clinopyroxÂ­enes with concentrations of plagioclase filling amygdale-like structures. We suggest that contact metamorÂ­phic dehydration of hydrous alteration minerals in the basaltic xenoliths and diffusion of this water into the macrodike magma were responsible for the abundant rhythmic layering that occurs near swarms of the xenoliths in a manner similar to that proposed by Taylor & Forester (1979) and Mc Birney & Noyes (1979) for the Skaergaard intrusion. Concentrations of xenoliths of leucogabbro and migmatitic basement gneisÂ­ses are found near the top of one macrodike and in six smaller mafic dikes and sills that intrude the lower lavas. In contrast to the basalt blocks, the leucocratic xenoliths appear to have floated to the top of these mafic intrusions, thus providing an effective mechanism for transport of basement material during the early stages of crustal extension.
Basement rocks and Tertiary basalts of the area have undergone hydrothermal alteration that is conÂ­centrated in fracture systems near the intrusive bodies. Alteration mineralogy in the basalts consists of calc-silicate assemblages similar to those found in active geothermal systems in Iceland. Extensive calcium metasomatism is evident in a number of coast parallel dolerite dikes that are mineralized by iron-rich prehnite. Thermodynamic analysis of the dehydration of prehnite to form epidote and garnet indicates that the fluids responsible for the formation of prehnite mineralized dikes were at temperatures less than about 250Â°C.
Mineralized shear zones and mafic dikes of presumed Proterozoic age define a pronounced structural trend in the basement of the area. This east - west trend is parallel with the coastal dike swarm north of 68Â°N and with topographical trends within the basalts. We therefore suggest that the pre-Tertiary strucÂ­tures may in part control the deflection of the coastline at 68Â°N and other aspects of the Tertiary structural and intrusive development.
Proses Bleach Washing pada Kain Denim yang Dicelup dengan Zat Warna Indigo Menggunakan Natrium Hipochlorit (NaOCl)
Authors: Luciana Luciana , Koesneliwati Elly
Published: October 2021

The process of bleach washing on denim fabrics produces a paler or lighter shabby effect. The shabby effect is produced by using an oxidizing agent. The application of sodium hypochlorite can cause a decrease in color aging of denim fabrics and high tensile strength. The pH condition also affects the occurrence of oxycellulose damage which will affect the final result. Inappropriate pH will cause a very high oxidation process and produce a less shabby effect and can cause a decrease in tensile strength. Therefore, the concentration of NaOCl and pH must be adjusted properly so that optimal results are obtained. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of optimum concentration of sodium hypochorite (NaOCl) and pH on the physical properties of denim fabric. After the process of bleach washing process experiment was carried out, a test was carried out based on two-factor Anova statistical data and the optimum visual test fabric results were obtained at a NaOCl concentration of 2 g/L using alkaline pH (10-11). The test values were obtained as follows: color fastness to rubbing are 3-4 for dry, 2-3 for wet, tensile strength 67.4 kg in warp direction, 43.1 in weft direction, fabric stiffness in warp direction 430.48, weft direction 344.54. The factory standard for a tensile strength of 65 kg warp direction, 40 kg weft direction, color fastness to rubbing 3 for dry rubbing and 2 for wet rubbing.

Keywords: bleach washing, denim, sodium hypochlorite, oxycellulose, color fastnes
İkinci Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Dönemi Türk Siyasî Hayatı
Authors: Dinç Mehmet Emin
Published: October 2021

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ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE HOTEL BUSINESS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Ncube Felicity N , Chikuta Oliver , Basera Vitalis , Baipai Rudorwashe , Mazhande Precious , Tapfuma Musawenkosi
Published: October 2021

It is evident from literature that the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has brought the world economiesto its ‘knees’. No industry has gone untouched by the effects of this pandemic. Globally there has beenan adverse impact on travel which is backbone of the hotel industry. This study focuses on exploringthe impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on Zimbabwean hotel sector. The objectives of thestudy focused on investigating the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on hotel occupancy and revenue andproposing strategies that can be implemented for recovery post the pandemic. The study adopted amixed method approach, semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather data from 29 (3-5 star)

hotel management across the various major tourism cities in Zimbabwe. Findings reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on hotel occupancy and revenue. Occupancy and revenue

have dropped. Strategies have been employed by hotel to cope with the adverse impact of reducedoccupancy and revenue, these include working with minimal staff to avoid increases exposure, closingother parts of the hotel to reduce operational cost and operating on take out bases. It can be concludedthat hotels in Zimbabwe are not prepared for pandemics like Covid-19. It is therefore recommendedthat disaster management plans relating to pandemics be developed and implemented by hotels.
ҚОЯН ҰЙҚЫ БЕЗІНІҢ ЖАС ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІНЕ ҚАРАЙ МИКРОҚҰРЫЛЫМЫ
Authors: Жакиянова М.С , Сейлгазина С.М.
Published: October 2021

Малдардың ас қорыту жүйесіне қарағанда, терісі бағалы аңдар қатарына жататын қояндардың ас қорытуы жүйесінің өзіндік ерекшелігі бар. Қояндарға талшыққа бай тағамдарды сіңіру қиынға соғады, себебі олардың асқазаны бір камералы және көлемі 190-200 мл. құрайды. Ал асқорытуға қатысатын бездердің бірі ұйқы безі.Ұйқы безі (pancreas) – бауырдан кейінгі екінші үлкен без. Ұйқы безі – бұл екі бағытты функциясы бар экзокриндік және эндокриндік, яғни экстрамуральды ас қорыту безі деп те атауға болады. Экзокринді жасушалар липополимерлерді (липаза), ақуыздарды (трипсин, эрепсин, протеазалар), көмірсуларды (амилаза) мономерлерге ыдырататын ас қорыту ферменттері бар сөл шығарады, олар қан мен лимфаға сіңеді. Осы ас қорыту сөлі негізгі үш шығарушы түтіктер арқылы он екі елі ішекке өтеді.Қоян етінің сапасы оның құндылығымен, керемет дәмімен, пайдалы және қоректік заттардың құрамымен және қоян бауырының диеталық өнім ретінде де танылған. Оның калория мөлшері өнімнің 100 граммы 165 ккал-дан аспайды, яғни 100 грамм қоян бауыр-ының құрамында 19 грамм ақуыз, барлық 10 грамм май болады. Ал көмірсулар мүлдем жоқ.
ОТБОР ВЫСОКОПРОДУКТИВНЫХ И РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ ФОРМ ОДУВАНЧИКА КОК-САГЫЗА (TARAXACUM KOK-SAGHYZ RODIN) – ИСТОЧНИКА НАТУРАЛЬНОГО КАУЧУКА В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ПОЛЕВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ
Authors: Бари Г.Т. , Утеулин К.Р. , Кулуев Б.Р , Жанбырбаев Е.А.
Published: October 2021

В мире огромным и все возрастающим спросом пользуется натуральный каучук. Натуральный каучук – важное сырье для резинотехнической промышленности, используется в изготовлении широкого ряда товаров – обувь, одежда, хирургические перчатки, шины для самолетов и автомашин и другие изделия. Основным источником каучука для мирового рынка служат плантации дерева гевеи бразильской (Hevea brasiliensis), растущие в зоне тропического климата стран Юго-Восточной Азии. Однако, спрос на натуральный каучук на мировом рынке выше возможностей его поставок и потому общепризнана необходимость введения в культуру дополнительного источника высококачественного натурального каучука – казахстанского одуванчика кок-сагыза (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin). Кок-сагыз может вводиться в культуру в зоне умеренного климата, где тропическое дерево гевея не может произрастать. Казахстану необходим скороспелый сорт кок-сагыза для возделывания на Юге и Юго-Востоке Казахстана и сбора урожая корня и каучука уже в первый год. Исходным материалом для создания скороспелого сорта кок-сагыза может служить, искусственно созданная Институтом биологии и биотехнологии растений (Алматы) экологически пластичная популяция, полученная из трех экотипов кок-сагыза. Таким образом, в 2019 году в экспериментальных полевых условиях были отобраны формы кок-сагыза в количестве 105 от общих 514 высаженных растений, с самыми крупными корнями (от 30 до 41,4 грамм) и высоким содержанием каучука (до 22.4% на сухой вес корня).
ОЦЕНКА ПРИГОДНОСТИ СОРТООБРАЗЦОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ
Authors: Красавина В.К. , Ашимов Т.А. , Тулегенов Е.А. , Шарипова Д.С.
Published: October 2021

В современных условиях спрос на продукции сельскохозяйственных культур являются ее значимое ценность переработанном виде а также доступностью для всех слоев населения.Биохимические компоненты – количество сухово вещества и крахмала наиболее важны, они определяют качества перерабатываемого продукта. В этом напраления велись селекционная работа и отобраны сортообразцы содержащие ценные биохимические компо-ненты обусловливающие качества продукта. Рассыпчатость картофелья зависит от соотношения амилазы и амилопектина, состав-ляющих крахмала. Кроме того рассыпчатость и хороший вкус картофеля определяются присутствием крупных крахмальных зерен. Потемнение вареного картофеля это нефермен-тативное потемнение, вызванное взаимодействием аминокислот с сахарами и хлоргеновой кислоты с железосодержащими соединениями.В результате экспериментальной работы по комплексу показателей для переработки на чипсы выделены сортообразцы: Федор (8,9 балл), Максат (8,8 балл), Эдем (8,6 балл), Сеним (8,4 балл). Процесс получения крахмала в основном осуществляется с использованием большого количества воды. Здесь важную роль играет скорость осаждения крахмальных зерен, которые зависят от размера. Более крупные крахмальные зерна снижая вынос в процессе производства, повышают выход крахмала.
ОЦЕНКА ЗАВИСИМОСТИ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ГУМУСА ПОЧВ ОТ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ КЛИМАТА В ЖАМБЫЛСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Масатбаев М.К. , Хожанов Н.Н.
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрены вопросы повышения плодородия в системе земледелия с учетом эколого-мелиоративного состояния орошаемых регионов и методы оптимизации моделей модернизации почвенного плодородия. Из анализа приведенных материалов установлено, что под влиянием растительности меняется численность и качественный состав микроор-ганизмов, а, следовательно, и интенсивность процессов, в которых они участвуют. Такие изменения в почвах является результатом взаимодействия растений и микроорганизмов, которые определяют степень развития и питание сельскохозяйственных культур. В связи с этим считаем, что назрела необходимость изучение микрофлоры ризосферы для разработки приемов, благоприятно влияющих на ее развитие и состав, на улучшение питания растении и получение высоких урожаев с учетом энергетических ресурсов конкретной местности.Исследованиями установлены, что содержание гумуса, образовавшегося в результате многообразных и сложных физико-химических процессов, способствовали улучшению водно-физических и химических свойств почвы опытного участка. Изученные культуры позволили повышению содержания гумуса в пахотном слое от 1,43 до 1,75%. В пахотном слое общий азот составил 0,088- 0,112, фосфора 0,110- 0,153%.Исследованиями выявлены, что структура формирования природной среды уровень гумусообразования почвы (Мр), которые показывает, что максимальное число факторов, воздействующих на почвообразовательный процесс, сосредоточены на уровне ландшафтных провинции и географических местности описывается следующим выражением:Мр= (0,42Rн + 0,15ß +0,09Sn + 0,09Тв + 0,08WВ + 0,04Vв+0,04Ос + 0,03 Мор+0,03hгр)*0,1µ;
Effect of Mesh Type on Numerical Computation of Aerodynamic Coefficients of NACA 0012 Airfoil
Authors: Mostafa Abobaker  , Sogair Addeep  , Lukmon O Afolabi  , Abdulhafid M Elfaghi
Published: October 2021

Mesh type and quality play a significant role in the accuracy and stability of the numerical computation. A computational method for two-dimensional subsonic flow over NACA 0012 airfoil at angles of attack from 0o to 10o and operating Reynolds number of 6×106 is presented with structured and unstructured meshes. Steady-state governing equations of continuity and momentum conservation are solved and combined with k-v shear stress transport (SST-omega) turbulence model to obtain the flow. The effect of structured and unstructured mesh types on lift and drag coefficients are illustrated. Calculations are done for constant velocity and a range of angles of attack using Ansys Fluent CFD software. The results are validated through a comparison of the predictions and experimental measurements for the selected airfoil. The calculations showed that the structured mesh results are closer to experimental data for this airfoil and under studied operating conditions.
CIRCUITO DA INCOERÊNCIA: A SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA SOFRE DE PERTURBAÇÕES DAS PERSONALIDADES DRAMÁTICAS
Authors: De Abreu Rodrigues Fabiano
Published: October 2021

Negacionismo, histeria, necessidade de chamar a atenção, narcisismo estão entre os comportamentos mais comentados na  contemporaneidade. Levando em conta que a sociedade brasileira é considerada a mais ansiosa do mundo, todos esses comportamentos, derivados da cultura, que resultou em ansiedade constante e intensificada, estão desencadeando perturbações que não necessariamente têm origem genética, mas que podem fazer parte da genética brasileira passando para as gerações futuras. Nossos comportamentos criam rastros que são passados de geração a geração. Este artigo visa determinar que, de fato, estamos vivendo a fase das personalidades dramáticas que desencadeiam transtornos e síndromes que estão adoecendo a  sociedade, elevando ainda mais a ansiedade e gerando um comportamento antissocial generalizado.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TECHNICAL DIMENSION, FUNCTIONAL DIMENSION, AND TENANT SATISFACTION ON TENANT LOYALTY: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors: Lee Chun-Chang , Ting Lou-Jung , Yeh Wen-Chih , Yu Zheng
Published: October 2021

This study primarily explored the influence of the technical dimension, functional dimension, and tenant satisfaction on tenant loyalty. The theory of planned behavior served as the basis of this study, and the three aforementioned factors (the technical dimension, the functional dimension, and tenant satisfaction) were incorporated into a conceptual framework for tenant loyalty. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for parameter estimation. The participants consisted of tenants residing in eight administrative districts in Kaohsiung City. 315 questionnaires were administered, all of which were returned. After removing 15 invalid responses, there were 300 valid responses, which indicated an effective recovery rate of 95.2%. The results showed that the technical dimension, the functional dimension, and attitude significantly and positively influenced tenant satisfaction. Tenant satisfaction, perceived behavioral control, and social norms significantly and positively influenced tenant loyalty. Tenant satisfaction mediated the influence of the technical dimension and the functional dimension on tenant loyalty; the mediating effect of the functional dimension on tenant loyalty was greater than that of the technical dimension. The findings of this study highlight the measures rental companies should adopt in order to enhance the technical dimension, functional dimension, and tenant satisfaction, as this is crucial to maintaining sustainable operations.
Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 Data
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Covey Kevin R. , Stassun Keivan G. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Holtzman Jon , Chojnowski Drew , Longa-Peña Penélope , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Hernandez Jesus , Serna Javier , Badenes Carles , De Lee Nathan , Majewski Steven , Stringfellow Guy S. , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Moe Maxwell , Frinchaboy Peter M. , Beaton Rachael L. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Minniti Dante , Beers Timothy C. , Schneider Donald P. , Barba Rodolfo , Brownstein Joel R. , García-Hernández Domingo Aníbal , Pan Kaike , Bizyaev Dmitry
Published: October 2021

APOGEE spectra offer ≲1 km s−1 precision in the measurement of stellar radial velocities. This holds even when multiple stars are captured in the same spectrum, as happens most commonly with double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s), although random line-of-sight alignments of unrelated stars can also occur. We develop a code that autonomously identifies SB2s and higher order multiples in the APOGEE spectra, resulting in 7273 candidate SB2s, 813 SB3s, and 19 SB4s. We estimate the mass ratios of binaries, and for a subset of these systems with a sufficient number of measurements we perform a complete orbital fit, confirming that most systems with periods of <10 days have circularized. Overall, we find an SB2 fraction (F
SB2) ∼ 3% among main-sequence dwarfs, and that there is not a significant trend in F
SB2 with temperature of a star. We are also able to recover a higher F
SB2 in sources with lower metallicity, however there are some observational biases. We also examine light curves from TESS to determine which of these spectroscopic binaries are also eclipsing. Such systems, particularly those that are also pre- and post-main sequence, are good candidates for a follow-up analysis to determine their masses and temperatures.
The Infrared Evolution of Dust in V838 Monocerotis
Authors: Woodward C. E. , Evans A. , Banerjee D. P. K. , Liimets T. , Djupvik A. A. , Starrfield S. , Clayton G. C. , Eyres S. P. S. , Gehrz R. D. , Wagner R. M.
Published: October 2021

Luminous Red Variables are most likely eruptions that are the outcome of stellar mergers. V838 Mon is one of the best-studied members of this class, representing an archetype for stellar mergers resulting from B-type stars. As result of the merger event, “nova-like” eruptions occur driving mass loss from the system. As the gas cools considerable circumstellar dust is formed. V838 Mon erupted in 2002 and is undergoing very dynamic changes in its dust composition, geometry, and infrared luminosity providing a real-time laboratory to validate mineralogical condensation sequences in stellar mergers and evolutionary scenarios. We discuss recent NASA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy 5–38 μm observations combined with archival NASA Spitzer spectra that document the temporal evolution of the freshly formed (within the last ≲20 yr) circumstellar material in the environs of V838 Mon. Changes in the 10 μm spectral region are strong evidence that we are witnessing a classical dust condensation sequence expected to occur in oxygen-rich environments where alumina formation is followed by that of silicates at the temperature cools.
The Rise and Fall of the Eclipsing Binary HS Hydrae
Authors: Davenport James. R. A. , Windemuth Diana , Warmbein Karen , Howard Erin L. , Klein Courtney , Birky Jessica
Published: October 2021

HS Hydrae is a short period eclipsing binary (P
orb = 1.57 day) that belongs to a rare group of systems observed to have rapidly changing inclinations. This evolution is due to a third star on an intermediate orbit, and results in significant differences in eclipse depths and timings year to year. Zasche & Paschke revealed that HS Hydrae’s eclipses were rapidly fading from view, predicting they would cease around 2022. Using 25 days of photometric data from Sector 009 of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we find that the primary eclipses for HS Hydrae were only 0.00173 ± 0.00007 mag in depth in March 2019. This data from TESS likely represents the last eclipses detected from HS Hydrae. We also searched the Digitization of the Harvard Astronomical Plate Collection archive for historic data from the system. With a total baseline of over 125 yr, this unique combination of data sets—from photographic plates to precision space-based photometry—allows us to trace the emergence and decay of eclipses from HS Hydrae, and further constrain its evolution. Recent TESS observations from Sector 035 confirm that eclipses have ceased for HS Hya, and we estimate they will begin again in 2195.
Metallicity Estimation of RR Lyrae Stars From Their I-Band Light Curves
Authors: Dékány István , Grebel Eva K. , Pojmański Grzegorz
Published: October 2021

We have revisited the problem of metallicity prediction of RR Lyrae stars from their near-infrared light curves in the Cousins I wave band. Our study is based on high-quality time series photometry and state-of-the-art high-resolution spectroscopic abundance measurements of 80 fundamental-mode (RRab) and 24 first-overtone (RRc) stars, spanning ∼[−2.7, +0.18] dex and ∼[−3, −0.5] dex ranges, respectively. Employing machine-learning methods, we investigated various light-curve representations and regression models to identify their optimal form for our objective. Accurate new empirical relations between the [Fe/H] iron abundance and the light-curve parameters have been obtained using Bayesian regression for both RRab and RRc stars with mean absolute prediction errors of 0.16 dex and 0.18 dex, respectively. We found that earlier I-band [Fe/H] estimates had a systematic positive bias of up to ∼0.4 dex in the metal-poor regime. Our new predictive models were deployed on large ensembles of RR Lyrae stars to obtain photometric metallicity distribution functions (MDFs) for various old stellar populations in and around the Milky Way. We find that the mode of the old bulge component’s MDF is approximately −1.4 dex, in remarkable agreement with the latest spectroscopic result. Furthermore, we derive MDF modes of −1.83, −2.13, and −1.77 dex for the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, respectively.
The GOGREEN Survey: Evidence of an Excess of Quiescent Disks in Clusters at 1.0 < z < 1.4
Authors: Chan Jeffrey C. C. , Wilson Gillian , Balogh Michael , Rudnick Gregory , van der Burg Remco F. J. , Muzzin Adam , Webb Kristi A. , Biviano Andrea , Cerulo Pierluigi , Cooper M. C. , De Lucia Gabriella , Demarco Ricardo , Forrest Ben , Jablonka Pascale , Lidman Chris , McGee Sean L. , Nantais Julie , Old Lyndsay , Pintos-Castro Irene , Poggianti Bianca , Reeves Andrew M. M. , Vulcani Benedetta , Yee Howard K. C. , Zaritsky Dennis
Published: October 2021

We present the results of the measured shapes of 832 galaxies in 11 galaxy clusters at 1.0 < z < 1.4 from the GOGREEN survey. We measure the axis ratio (q), the ratio of the minor to the major axis, of the cluster galaxies from near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope imaging using Sérsic profile fitting and compare them with a field sample. We find that the median q of both star-forming and quiescent galaxies in clusters increases with stellar mass, similar to the field. Comparing the axis ratio distributions between clusters and the field in four mass bins, the distributions for star-forming galaxies in clusters are consistent with those in the field. Conversely, the distributions for quiescent galaxies in the two environments are distinct, most remarkably in

10.1
≤
log
(
M

/

M

⊙

)
<
10.5

where clusters show a flatter distribution, with an excess at low q. Modelling the distribution with oblate and triaxial components, we find that the cluster and field sample difference is consistent with an excess of flattened oblate quiescent galaxies in clusters. The oblate population contribution drops at high masses, resulting in a narrower q distribution in the massive population than at lower masses. Using a simple accretion model, we show that the observed q distributions and quenched fractions are consistent with a scenario where no morphological transformation occurs for the environmentally quenched population in the two intermediate-mass bins. Our results suggest that environmental quenching mechanism(s) likely produce a population that has a different morphological mix than those resulting from the dominant quenching mechanism in the field.
An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8
Authors: Cushing Michael C. , Schneider Adam C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Morley Caroline V. , Marley Mark S. , Gelino Christopher R. , Mace Gregory N. , Wright Edward L. , Eisenhardt Peter R. , Skrutskie Michael F. , Marsh Kenneth A.
Published: October 2021

We present a Hubble Space Telescope/Wide-Field Camera 3 near-infrared spectrum of the archetype Y dwarf WISEP 182831.08+265037.8. The spectrum covers the 0.9–1.7 μm wavelength range at a resolving power of λ/Δλ ≈ 180 and is a significant improvement over the previously published spectrum because it covers a broader wavelength range and is uncontaminated by light from a background star. The spectrum is unique for a cool brown dwarf in that the flux peaks in the Y, J, and H bands are of near equal intensity in units of f

λ
. We fail to detect any absorption bands of NH3 in the spectrum, in contrast to the predictions of chemical equilibrium models, but tentatively identify CH4 as the carrier of an unknown absorption feature centered at 1.015 μm. Using previously published ground- and spaced-based photometry, and using a Rayleigh–Jeans tail to account for flux emerging longward of 4.5 μm, we compute a bolometric luminosity of

log
(

L

bol

/



⊙

N

)
=
−
6.50
±
0.02

, which is significantly lower than previously published results. Finally, we compare the spectrum and photometry to two sets of atmospheric models and find that the best overall match to the observed properties of WISE 1828+2650 is a ∼1 Gyr old binary composed of two T
eff ∼ 325 K, ∼5 M
Jup brown dwarfs with subsolar [C/O] ratios.
Alfvén Number for the Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability in Magnetized Plasmas
Authors: Sano Takayoshi
Published: October 2021

The magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) evolution of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) is investigated using two-dimensional MHD simulations. The RMI is suppressed by a strong magnetic field, whereas the RMI amplifies an ambient magnetic field by many orders of magnitude if the seed field is weak. We have found that the suppression and amplification processes can be evaluated continuously along with the amplitude of the Alfvén number R

A
, which is defined as the ratio of the linear growth velocity of the RMI to the Alfvén speed at the interface. When the Alfvén number is less than unity, the Lorentz force acting on the fluid mitigates the unstable motion of the RMI significantly, and the interface oscillates stably in this limit. If R

A
≳ 1, on the other hand, the surface modulation increases due to the growth of the RMI. The maximum strength of the magnetic field is enhanced up to by a factor of R

A
. This critical feature is universal and independent of the initial Mach number of the incident shock, the Atwood number, corrugation amplitude, and even the direction of the initial magnetic field.
Enhanced Localization of Transients Based on a Novel Cross-correlation Method
Authors: Xiao S. , Xiong S. L. , Zhang S. N. , Song L. M. , Lu F. J. , Huang Y. , Cai C. , Yi Q. B. , Song X. Y. , Chen W. , Ge M. Y. , Liu C. Z. , Li X. B. , Li C. K. , Zhao Y.
Published: October 2021

Locating gamma-ray transients including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and soft gamma repeater (SGR) bursts is of great importance in multi-messenger and multi-wavelength astronomy, such as guiding optical and radio follow-up observations and evaluating the association of a GRB with a gravitational wave or an SGR with a galaxy or fast radio burst (FRB). A time delay (or triangulation) method with multiple missions has been utilized to localize GRBs since their discovery in the 1970s. In this paper, we propose to use the Modified Cross-correlation Function (called Li-CCF hereafter) to derive the accurate time delay from the high time resolution light curves recorded by GRB detectors. This method has been extensively verified with simulation and a sample of GRBs and SGRs with precise positions, using event-by-event data (TTE or Evt data) of Insight-HXMT/HE, Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, and GECAM. We find that the 1σ uncertainty (annulus half-width) can be less than 0.3 degrees despite the relatively short distance between these satellites. We note that the localization error given by Li-CCF can be reduced by several times compared with the traditional CCF method or the Fermi/GBM-alone localization, depending on the timing, spectral lag and direction of the GRB, and the distance and number of satellites used. Finally, systematic errors of this time delay method, including the effect of GRB spectral lags and background variation in light curves, have been studied in detail and several improvements have been proposed to deal with those effects.
EvryFlare. iv. Detection of Periodicity in Flare Occurrence from Cool Stars with TESS
Authors: Howard Ward S. , Law Nicholas M.
Published: October 2021

Phased flaring, or the periodic occurrence of stellar flares, may probe electromagnetic star−planet interaction (SPI), binary interaction, or magnetic conditions in spots. For the first time, we explore flare periodograms for a large sample of flare stars to identify periodicity due to magnetic interactions with orbiting companions, magnetic reservoirs, or rotational phase. Previous large surveys have explored periodicity at the stellar rotation period, but we do not assume periods must correspond with rotation in this work. Two-minute TESS light curves of 284 cool stars are searched for periods of 1–10 days using two newly developed periodograms. Because flares are discrete events in noisy and incomplete data, typical periodograms are not well suited to detect phased flaring. We construct and test a new Bayesian likelihood periodogram and a modified Lomb–Scargle periodogram. We find six candidates with a false-alarm probability below 1%. Three targets are ≥3σ detections of flare periodicity; the others are plausible candidates that cannot be individually confirmed. Periods range from 1.35 to 6.7 days and some, but not all, correlate with the stellar rotation period or its 1/2 alias. Periodicity from two targets may persist from TESS Cycle 1 into Cycle 3. The periodicity does not appear to persist for the others. Long-term changes in periodicity may result from the spot evolution observed from each candidate, which suggests magnetic conditions play an important role in sustaining periodicity.
Spectral Signature of Mass Outflow in the Two Component Advective Flow Paradigm
Authors: Mondal Santanu , Chakrabarti Sandip K.
Published: October 2021

Outflows are common in many astrophysical systems. In the Two Component Advective Flow (TCAF) paradigm, which is essentially a generalized Bondi flow including rotation, viscosity, and cooling effects, the outflow originates in the hot, puffed up, post-shock region at the inner edge of the accretion disk. We consider this region to be the base of the jet carrying away matter with a high velocity. In this paper, we study the spectral properties of black holes using TCAF that includes also a jet (JeTCAF) in the vertical direction of the disk plane. Soft photons from the Keplerian disk are up-scattered by the post-shock region as well as by the base of the jet and are emitted as hard radiation. We also include the bulk motion Comptonization effect by the diverging flow of the jet. Our self-consistent accretion-ejection solution shows how the spectrum from the base of the jet varies with accretion rates, geometry of the flow, and the collimation factor of the jet. We apply the solution to a jetted candidate GS 1354-64 to estimate its mass outflow rate and the geometric configuration of the flow during the 2015 outburst observed by NuSTAR. The estimated mass outflow to mass inflow rate is

0.12

−
0.03

+
0.02

. From the model-fitted accretion rates, shock compression ratio, and the energy spectral index, we identify the presence of hard and intermediate spectral states of the outburst. Our model-fitted jet collimation factor (f
col) is found to be

0.47

−
0.09

+
0.09

.
On the Crystallinity of Silicate Dust in Evolving Protoplanetary Disks due to Magnetically Driven Disk Winds
Authors: Arakawa Sota , Matsumoto Yuji , Honda Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2021

We present a novel mechanism for the outward transport of crystalline dust particles: the outward radial drift of pebbles. A dust-ring structure is frequently observed in protoplanetary disks. One of the plausible mechanisms for the formation of dust rings is the accumulation of pebbles around the pressure maximum, which is formed by the mass loss due to magnetically driven disk winds. Due to magnetically driven disk winds, dust particles in evolving protoplanetary disks can migrate outwardly from the crystallization front to the pressure maximum by radial drift. We found that the outward radial drift process can transport crystalline dust particles efficiently when the radial drift timescale is shorter than the advection timescale. Our model predicts that the crystallinity of silicate dust particles could be as high as 100% inside the dust-ring position.
Minute-timescale Variability in the X-ray Emission of the Highest Redshift Blazar*
Authors: Moretti Alberto , Ghisellini Gabriele , Caccianiga Alessandro , Belladitta Silvia , Della Ceca Roberto , Ighina Luca , Sbarrato Tullia , Severgnini Paola , Spingola Cristiana
Published: October 2021

We report on two Chandra observations of the quasar PSO J0309+27, the most distant blazar observed so far (z = 6.1), performed eight months apart, in 2020 March and November. Previous Swift-XRT observations showed that this object is one of the brightest X-ray sources beyond redshift 6.0 ever observed so far. This new dataset confirmed the high flux level and unveiled a spectral change that occurred on a very short timescale (250 s rest frame), caused by a significant softening of the emission spectrum. This kind of spectral variability, on such a short interval, has never been reported in the X-ray emission of a flat-spectrum radio quasar. A possible explanation for this is given by the emission produced by the inverse Compton scatter of the quasar UV photons by the cold electrons present in a fast shell moving along the jet. Although this bulk Comptonization emission should be an unavoidable consequence of the standard leptonic jet model, this would be the first time that it has been observed.