bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Papyrus Magdalen Greek 17 (Gregory-Aland P64): A Reappraisal
Authors: Thiede Carsten Peter
Published: January 2022

More than forty years after C.H. Roberts’ first edition of p64, this new edition provides the first complete reconstruction of all six sides of the three fragments kept at Magdalen College, Oxford. It corrects a number of errors, adds an improved reading of several verses, in particular of Matthew 26:22, which contribute to a better understanding of early Christian scribal habits; it furthermore discusses the question of nomina sacra for which p64 provides the three earliest known examples, and it reopens the question of the dating. With the first-century date suggested as a result of a comparative analysis using newly available manuscripts, p64 and, along with it, p67 are the earliest known codex fragments of the New Testament.
Exploring the Common Identification of Three New Testament Manuscripts: P4, P64, and P67
Authors: Comfort Philip W.
Published: January 2022

This article explores the common identity of three very early Gospel manuscripts. Some scholars have believed that p4, p64 and p67 all came from the same codex; others have doubted. The newly proposed dating of p64 to the late first century makes this exploration all the more vital. This article examines the provenance and paleography of all three papyri in an attempt to demonstrate a common scribe. Then the article presents an argument for dating p4 to the second century.
The Achaean Federal Imperial Cult II: The Corinthian Church
Authors: Winter Bruce W.
Published: January 2022

The petition from Argos discussed in the previous essay is a ‘new’ document for New Testament scholars which throws light on first-century issues in Roman Corinth. This paper seeks to examine the Argive evidence in order to see what information it might yield to help in our understanding of the early Christian community. In particular it will explore the problem of the imperial cult and 1 Corinthians 8 and comment briefly on Roman Corinth’s cultural and legal mores.
What Has Aristotle to do with Paul? Rhetorical Criticism and 1 Thessalonians
Authors: Walton Steve
Published: January 2022

This article considers the application of rhetorical critical methods to 1 Thessalonians, summarising the approaches of significant scholars before considering the rhetorical genre of the letter. After considering the options, a key issue is identified: the question of whether Paul faced opponents in the church at Thessalonica. The evidence favours a negative conclusion, and the rhetorical genre is concluded to be epideictic, because of the focus of the letter on praise and blame.
Sending Letters in the Ancient World: Paul and the Philippians
Authors: Llewelyn Stephen
Published: January 2022

How did Paul maintain contact with believers in Philippi whilst he was imprisoned? Does the number of journeys implied in Philippians argue against the letter’s composition in Rome? The conveyance of letters and news in antiquity is discussed with particular reference to the imperial post and the suggestion that Paul may have used it. The nature of the contact between Paul and the Philippians is investigated. The conclusion is reached that the Macedonian church most probably learned of Paul’s despatch from Caesarea to Rome whilst he was en route. Epaphroditus may have already been in Rome when Paul arrived. The number of journeys implied in Philippians does not preclude a Roman provenance.
Jerusalem in Hebrews 13:9-14 and the Dating of the Epistle
Authors: Walker Peter
Published: January 2022

In this article it is suggested the author of Hebrews had a developed critique not just of the Temple but also of the city of Jerusalem, and that this is close to the heart of his concerns as expressed in a pivotal passage in 13:9-14. The traces of this theme in earlier chapters are then noted, leading to the conclusion that the author is writing before the Fall of Jerusalem in AD 70 but with a prophetic awareness of what lies in store for the Jewish capital. The consequences of this view for our study of Hebrews and other parts of the New Testament are highlighted in a concluding section.
The Ambiguity of Capacity: A Rejoinder to Trevor Hart
Authors: Andrews Stephen
Published: January 2022

This brief rejoinder challenges Trevor Hart’s suggestion that Karl Barth may have misunderstood Emil Brunner’s notion of ‘a point of contact’, and rejects the claim that Barth’s own theology requires a positing of human ‘capacity’, defined in a passive sense. The essay begins by sketching the broader context of the Barth-Brunner debate, which makes the proposal of mutual misunderstanding between the two less likely. The second section explores Hart’s concept of ‘capacity’, and seeks to show that this is incompatible with Barth’s theology. An exposition of Barth’s doctrine of the incarnation forms the third part of the essay, and is an attempt to demonstrate that what stood at the heart of the debate from Barth’s point of view was divine freedom. Then the rejoinder concludes with a rarely cited account of Barth’s attempt at personal reconciliation with Brunner.
The Epistle to the Galatians and Classical Rhetoric: Part 3
Authors: Fairweather Janet
Published: January 2022

It has been demonstrated in Parts 1 and 2 of this study (Tyndale Bulletin, May 1994) that rhetorical criticism was applied to Paul’s Epistles in late Antiquity and that Paul himself certainly displays a knowledge of some sophisticated terms and concepts derived from the Greek theory of rhetoric, though it may still be doubted whether he obtained this knowledge direct from pagan schools or textbooks. What justification did he have, then, for representing his discourse as alien to the σοφία of this world? It will emerge, first through a close reading of Galatians and then through more general consideration of Paul’s handling of the ‘five parts of rhetoric’ that, although at the more superficial levels Paul makes use of many of the techniques favoured by classical orators, the conceptual framework in which he operated was different from that of pagan sophists and the bases of his argumentation were distinct and innovative.
Wakening a Sleeping Metaphor: A New Interpretation of Malachi 1:11
Authors: Viberg Åke
Published: January 2022

From the early history of the Christian church and onwards, interpreters have suggested that Malachi 1:11 presents a universalism, i.e., that the surrounding nations of post-exilic Judah actually worshipped YHWH as the one true God by their sacrifices. In this article I propose that neither this solution, nor any other previously proposed solution does sufficient justice to Malachi 1:11. Instead, I propose that we focus on how the author uses metaphorical language to strengthen his argument. In doing so, however, the author creates a new metaphor that continues to challenge the understanding of the reader.
Judaism and the Rise of Christianity: A Roman Perspective
Authors: Judge E. A.
Published: January 2022

Romans did not see Christianity as part of Judaism. They objected to Jewish proselytisation but did not link Christians with it. In Rome (under Nero) Christians presented an unrelated novelty. Their name is a Latin formation, implying public factionalism. The Jews at Antioch must have successfully kept their distance for it to be coined at all. Nerva’s making the Jewish tax optional licensed the Jewish life-style. This latitude was never extended to Christians nor claimed by them. The clear dividing line in civil practice implies the tax was based on lists supplied by the synagogues.
Fallacies in the Study of Early Israel: An Onomastic Perspective
Authors: Hess Richard S.
Published: January 2022

This study considers the question of the origin of Israel and the interpretation of archaeological evidence for Palestinian hill country culture during the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. While new research has enhanced our understanding of the period, it is important to maintain methodological controls in certain areas. This includes the careful evaluation of archaeological and textual evidence without a preconceived bias which automatically assigns a priority to the material culture. There is also evidence for non-indigenous peoples in Palestine at this time. This balances assumptions that Israelites must have been ‘Canaanites’ with their origins entirely within Palestine. Evidence relating to these issues is discussed.
Prayer Oracle and Theophany: The Book of Habakkuk
Authors: Thompson Michael E. W.
Published: January 2022

Habakkuk comprises laments, prophetic and woe oracles, and psalm (prayer), but there is progression of thought. In this book, a theological problem is stated and resolved. The different forms are used in purposeful and judicious ways. It is argued that there is one author, something of an eclectic who borrowed from wisdom and Isaianic traditions, in particular interpreting the latter and anticipating aspects of Isaiah 40-55. The theme of the book is theodicy. This is resolved in the psalm of chapter 3, through the language of prayer. Half the book is expressed in the language of prayer, making it unique among the prophetic books.
‘No King in Israel’: Narrative Criticism and Judges 17-21
Authors: Satterthwaite Philip E.
Published: January 2022

Scholars such as Robert Alter and Meir Sternberg have produced suggestive interpretations of sections of Old Testament narrative. This article applies their techniques to the stories in Judges 17-21, and argues that these techniques yield a coherent interpretation of the chapters, paying attention to features such as repetition, narrative analogy, and the use of narration and dialogue. It subsequently deals with some implications of this interpretation, according to which the narrator takes a negative view of pre-monarchic Israel.
Was Jesus a Mesith?: Public Response to Jesus and His Ministry
Authors: Neale D.
Published: January 2022

Negative public response to Jesus is examined with reference to Deuteronomy 13 and rabbinic assessments of Jesus as a mesith, a beguiler of the people. The tradition of interpretation of Deuteronomy 13 in the rabbinic corpus and New Testament passages that reflect this motif are examined for clues to the cause of conflict the historical Jesus encountered in his ministry. In particular, the issues of familial division, Jesus’ reception in the cities, and the rural pattern of ministry are examined. It is argued that Jesus experienced the ostracism reserved for the mesith at both the personal and the civic level.
What Eve Did, What Women Shouldn’t Do: The Meaning of ΑΥΘΕΝΤΕΩ in 1 Timothy 2:12
Authors: Perriman A. C.
Published: January 2022

1 Timothy 2:12, for obvious reasons, has suffered considerable scholarly buffeting in recent years. Careful lexicological investigations have undermined the traditional interpretation of αὐθεντέω as ‘to have authority over’ and brought to light various shades of meaning, without, however, clearly demonstrating their relevance to the passage. Thorough research into the religious environment of Ephesus has also suggested alternative perspectives, but again with doubtful exegetical validity. The argument of this paper is that if closer attention is paid to the structural and figurative character of the passage, a reading emerges which takes into account both the proper sense of αὐθεντέω and the particular circumstances under which Paul’s injunction was given.
In Search of the Social Élite in the Corinthian Church
Authors: Gill David W. J.
Published: January 2022

As the Corinthian correspondence is read against the cultural background of a Roman colony, it is possible to identify members of the social élite within the church. After a consideration of the nature of the city and its élite, various case studies are presented. These include issues such as law courts, head-dresses, divisions at the Lord’s Supper, households and dining. Through the issue of benefactions further light is thrown on Corinth’s place in the province of Achaia and an estimate is made for the city’s population.
Certain Faith: What Kind of Certainty?
Authors: Newbigin Lesslie
Published: January 2022

A frequent cause of mutual alienation among Christians is the charge of too much certainty on the one hand and too little certainty on the other. How do we find a kind of certainty which is confident and yet humble and teachable? We are heirs of an Enlightenment which look as the ideal of knowledge an ‘objectivity’ which pretended to eliminate all the subjective factors in human knowing and to provide indubitable certainty. This has led into the collapse, of belief in objective truth, scepticism and nihilism. Christian affirmation of the truth of the Gospel must not fall victim to a false concept of objectivity but must take the form of personal commitment to a faithful God.
Luke 22:29-30 and the Time Frame for Dining and Ruling
Authors: Nelson Peter K.
Published: January 2022

This work addresses the issue of the time frame anticipated by the Lukan Jesus for the fulfilment of the promises in Luke 22:29-30: are the apostles to dine and rule in the church age, in the eschaton, or in both eras? On the basis of verbal, grammatical, contextual, logical, and other factors it is argued that, in spite of the orientation of much recent scholarship, the eschaton, not earlier periods, is in view. Further, neither the differences between Luke 22:29-30 and Matt 19:28 nor the limited thematic likeness between Luke 22:29-30 and apostolic activity in Acts count against this conclusion.
Ephesians 5:18-20 and Mealtime Propriety
Authors: Gosnell Peter W.
Published: January 2022

Ephesians 5:18 startlingly contrasts drunkenness with fulness with the Spirit. Previous attempts to relate this contrast to excessive behaviour within Christian gatherings have not convinced many. Instead of suggesting alternative improprieties, the present study explores behavioural patterns followed at various Graeco-Roman convivial gatherings. These patterns indicate that some people who regularly met for special meals commonly chose abstention from drunkenness in favour of stimulating, even religious, discussion. Accordingly, the present study suggests that the statements of 5:18-20, and ultimately others made throughout the moral teaching in Ephesians, simply reflect the writer’s assumption that his readers regularly gathered in a mealtime context.
Who is This God? – Biblical Inspiration Revisited
Authors: Begbie Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Much of the contemporary discussion about biblical inspiration can be significantly advanced if the most important question of theology—who is God?— and its most profound answer—Father, Son and Holy Spirit—are kept firmly in the foreground. More specifically, although frequent mention of the Holy Spirit is made in the modern debate, insufficient attention has been paid to the trinitarian setting of the Spirit’s work. This is illustrated by reference to the work of B.B. Warfield and James Barr. The article suggests some of the ways in which a greater trinitarian awareness might open up more fruitful avenues for future consideration.
The Impact of Greek Concepts of God on the Christology of Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Kearsley Roy
Published: January 2022

Cyril transposes Neoplatonism rather than replicates it. Hence, his early struggle with Arianism and his fervour for the homoousios rule out full-blown ontological dualism in the Platonist manner. Rather, immutability and impassability do not mean immobility and impassivity, but active life-giving power and sufficiency to supply strength, powers which prove the co-equality of the Son with the Father. They support Cyril’s resulting Christology: the Son ‘appropriates’ (Norris) human existence to himself in order to communicate life and victory. Immutability and impassability, paradoxically, nurture more a narrative Christology than a union of two static substances.
The Date of the Magdalen Papyrus of Matthew (p. Magd. Gr. 17 = p64): a Response to C.P. Thiede
Authors: Head Peter M.
Published: January 2022

This article considers Carsten P. Thiede’s arguments concerning the date of P64 and suggests that he has both over-estimated the amount of stylistic similarity between P64 and several Palestinian Greek manuscripts and under-estimated the strength of the scholarly consensus of a date around AD 200. Comparable manuscripts are adduced and examined which lead to the conclusion that the later date is to be preferred.
The Meat-Market at Corinth (1 Corinthians 10:25)
Authors: Gill David W. J.
Published: January 2022

The presence of a meat market at Corinth may be ascertained by a pair of Latin inscriptions. They record the gifts of the building by a member of the local social elite probably in the Augustan period. A third Greek graffito sometimes associated in modern literature with the macellum is irrelevant to the debate. The layout of the Corinthian market can be deduced from the similiar situations in the Roman empire.
USE OF AGROMINERAL AS SUBSTRATE FOR GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS SEEDLINGS
Authors: Silva Rafael Cipriano da , Beneton Karen , Ieda João José Cardinali , Azevedo Antonio Carlos de , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: January 2022

Success in the production of eucalyptus seedlings directly affects the development of plants in the field. Several factors influence their initial growth, especially the substrate. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings and characteristics of the substrate using silicate agromineral (SA) in different proportions (substrate:SA; v/v): T0 – 100:00%, T1 – 90:10%, T2 – 80:20%, and T3 – 50:50%. The treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized design. Measurements of height (H), stem diameter (SD) and calculation of the H/SD ratio of the plants were performed every 3 weeks, totaling 4 measurements. At the end of the experiment (12 weeks), soil fertility analyses, granulometric analysis (sand, silt and clay) and total chemical analysis were carried out. Due to the chemical and mineralogical composition of SA, its use in substrate in a greater proportion (T3) promoted the increase of exchangeable K, Ca and Si contents, which influenced the increase in the sum of bases and cation exchange capacity. The levels of assimilable P and micronutrients Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were also higher in this treatment. The increase in  SA proportions in the substrate composition also favored increase in the sand fraction and reduction in the clay fraction. As for the growth of seedlings, the results were not significant for H and SD as a function of SA doses, leading to the conclusion that the solubilization and slow release of nutrients by SA did not influence the growth of the plants
HYPSOMETRY AND VOLUMETRY OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN A CROP-FOREST INTEGRATION SYSTEM
Authors: Cunha Stephany Diolino , Do Vale Vagner Santiago , Ramos Tatiana Vieira , Araújo Matheus Da Silva
Published: January 2022

Due to the positive impact that the eucalyptus species has on the Brazilian economy, it is currently the most used forest essence. The objective of this work was to evaluate different hypsometric and volumetric models for Eucalyptus urograndis clones (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blak and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) in a Crop-Forest Integration (CFI) system. The trees were evaluated at 7 years of age and arranged in double rows, occupying 20.76% of the total system area. The individuals were subjected to rigorous volumetric cubing according to the Smalian method at intervals of one meter up to full height. The following models were evaluated for the collected height data: Linear, Trorey, Stofels, Curtis, Henriksen, Prodan, Chapman & Richards, Petterson and Bailey & Clutter. Furthermore, the Spurr, Hohenald-Krenn, Stoate, Schumacher Hall, Meyer, Husch, Ogaya and Takata models were used for volume data. The results were determined through the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of the estimate in percentage (Syx%), significance of the regression coefficients (𝛽) and graphical distribution. The hypsometric model which best fit the database among tested models was the Prodan equation, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.89, while the best result for volumetric models was found using the Meyer model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99. All evaluated models were efficient in estimating the height and volume of the Crop-Forest Integration (CFI) system, thus demonstrating that GG100 eucalyptus is a good option in integrated systems.
Role of Credit Access Program on the Performance of Women Owned MSES Incubated at KIRDI
Authors:   Mount Kenya University, Nairobi-Kenya, Waweru Catherine Wairimu , Njeru Phelista Wangui ,   Mount Kenya University, Nairobi-Kenya, Bichanga Walter Okibo ,   Mount Kenya University, Nairobi-Kenya
Published: January 2022

Women owned Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are a source of employment and wealth creation in most of the world economies and Kenya not an exemption. However, the survival rate of the women owned MSEs is minimal. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the role of credit access program on the performance of women owned MSEs which have been incubated at KIRDI. The study was a survey study design. The target population was 259 MSE women entrepreneurs who have graduated from KIRDI business incubation programs. The researcher did a census since it was appropriate for this study and used questionnaires to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study analyzed data using descriptive and inferential statistics through Correlation and regression of variables. Results were reported through tables and figures. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to aid analysis of data. Data was analyzed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between credit access program and performance of women owned MSEs incubated by KIRDI (β=0.348, p=0.000). The study concluded that business incubation support programs simplified into incubator training and development, business development services, credit access program and technology absorption positively and significantly influenced the performance of women owned MSEs incubated at KIRDI in Nairobi. The study recommends that the government should consider looking towards setting a single window to manage business incubators all over the country and to coordinate the activities of all institutions and companies that are in the process of incubating new businesses. Keywords: Credit access, Women owned MSEs, Business performance, Business incubation, KIRDI
SUÇ UYDURMA SUÇU (TCK m. 271)
Authors: TAŞ Burak
Published: January 2022

5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 271. maddesinde, “Kanunda, işlenmediği bilinen bir suçun, yetkili makamlara işlenmiş gibi ihbar edilmesi ya da işlenmeyen bir suçun delil veya emarelerinin soruşturma yapılmasını sağlayacak biçimde uyduran kimseye üç yıla kadar hapis cezası verilir.” şeklinde düzenlenen suç uydurma suçu, bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Suç uydurma suçu hakkında öncelikle genel bilgiler verilmiş ve koruduğu hukuki değer araştırılmıştır. Ardından suçun maddi, manevi ve hukuka aykırılık unsurları incelenmiştir. Tipikliğin maddi unsurları bağlamında şekli uydurma ve maddi uydurma şeklindeki iki seçimlik hareket, ayrı ayrı incelenme konusu yapılmıştır. Şekli suç uydurma bağlamında ihbarın kapsamı belirlenmiş ve her türlü bildirimin ihbar niteliğinde sayılıp sayılamayacağı tartışılmıştır. Tipikliğin manevi unsuru bağlamında suçun olası kastla işlenip işlenemeyeceği araştırılmıştır. Hukuka aykırılık unsuru bağlamında ise hakkın kullanılması ve görevin ifası şeklinde iki hukuka uygunluk sebebinin bu suç bağlamında uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Devamında suçun özel görünüş biçimleri teşebbüs iştirak ve içtima bağlamında araştırılmış ve nihayetinde suçun muhakeme süreci ortaya konmuş ve sonuca varılmıştır.
Scurrula Gracilifolia (Loranthaceae): A New Distributional Record from Gorumara National Park, West Bengal
Authors: Ranjan Vinay , Kumar Anant
Published: January 2022

The present paper deals with new distributional record of Scurrula gracilifolia (Roxb. ex Schult.f.) Danser (Loranthaceae) for the state of West Bengal.
Arthonia redingeri Grube (Lichenized Fungi), a new record for India
Authors: Singh Pushpi
Published: January 2022

Arthonia redingeri Grube, a new record from India. The taxon is characterized by its red coloured lirellate ascomata and transversely 3-septate, small ascospores with strongly pigmented lower septum. It is an interesting addition to the lichen flora of India and detailed taxonomic description with illustrations are provided herewith for easy identification of the taxon.
Micropropagation of Plumbago Zeylanica L. through Axillary Bud Culture
Authors: Chauhan J.M.S. , Bisht Prabha
Published: January 2022

Plumbago zeylanica is a perennial herb or straggling shrub and is greatly valued in ayurvedic treatment of cough, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. Propagation of the species through seed is unreliable due to poor seed quality, erratic germination and seedling mortality under natural field conditions. Hence, it’s Propagation through tissue culture was sought. The nodal explants were taken as the starting material for the establishment of cultures. After washing the explants were surface sterilized by different sterilants viz. HgCl2, NaOCl and H2O2 with different concentrations and time duration where 0.1% of HgCl2 for 5 minutes was found the best. After sterilization nodal segments were inoculated on MS medium with different hormonal concentrations under aseptic conditions. Bud break was observed after two weeks of culture in 1.0 mg/l of BAP. These axillary shoots were excised and transferred to MS medium supplemented with different hormonal concentrations. A very high rate of multiplication occurred on MS + BAP (1.0 mg/l) + KIN (0.4 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l). In vitro grown shoots were rooted in ½ strength MS medium supplemented with different concentration of IBA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l), IAA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/l). Maximum rooting was recorded in 0.5 mg/l IBA. After one month on rooting medium healthy roots were developed and there after plantlets were transferred to mist chamber for acclimatization.
Nonlinear Finite Element Modelling and Parametric Study of Prestressed Steel Box Girder
Authors: Mahgoub Kambal Mahgoub Elhaj , Awad Mohammed , Mohammed Ali Malik
Published: January 2022

Abstract The prestressing technique is easy to apply and is generally used to strengthen steel bridges and controls their gross deflection. ANSYS has been used to establish a numerical model for the mechanical behavior of a steel box girder and prestressed by external tendons. In this paper, steel plate girders with and without strengthening technique was tested to assess the effectiveness of this technology. The results showed that prestressing improves the mechanical behavior of a girder and that its effect is proportional to magnitude of the applied external load. The results of the numerical model showed good agreement with the experimental data. A full-course simulation was conducted with ANSYS for a parametric study to analyze the influence of prestressing force magnitude, span-height ratio, and tendon configurations in increasing the effectiveness of prestressed technique.
Study the Effect of Using Ceramic Waste Powder as Partial Replacement for Cement on Concrete Properties
Authors: Attaelmanan Moatasim , Elhaj Mahgoub Kambal Mahgoub , Mansour Mohammed Izzeldeen
Published: January 2022

Ceramic waste is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Ceramic waste powder is settled by sedimentation and then dumped away which leads to environmental pollution, in addition to forming dust in summer and threatening both agriculture and public health. Therefore, utilization of the ceramic waste powder in various industrial sectors especially the construction, agriculture, glass and paper industries would help to protect the environment. It is most essential to develop eco-friendly concrete from ceramic waste. In this research replacing the (OPC) cement by ceramic waste powder has been studied accordingly in the range of (0, 10, 15, and 20) % by weight of M-30 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive and tensile strength to the conventional mixture. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for 7 and 28 days. As a result, the CWP cement concretes decreased the workability retention. The values of average hardened concrete density for concrete mixes with CWP cement are higher than the reference mix in 7 days, but lower than the reference mix in 28 days. The maximum value of compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days and tensile strength was achieved at about 5% CWP concrete mix. CWP slowed the compressive strength development especially at early ages. All mixtures with CWP showed good strength development at 28 days. It was observed that all CWP replacement ratios achieved higher compressive strength than characteristic compressive strength which is equal to 30 N/mm2 in 28 days, except the 20% ratio gives 29.72 N/mm2. Test results showed that CWP has potential to be used as an ingredient in concrete mixtures to partially replacing cement. The study showed that concrete mixtures with ceramic waste powder (CWP) had variable performance of the measured properties depending on the replacement level used.
Detection and Tracking of UAV Targets Using Deep Learning
Authors: Noraldain Alamin Mohamed Khedir
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the use of Flying drones and modern Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the latest techniques and capabilities for both civilian and military applications growing sustainably on a large scope, Drones could autonomously fly in several environments and locations and could perform various missions, providing a system for UAV detection and tracking represent crucial importance. This paper discusses Designing Detection and Tracking method as a part of Aero-vehicle Defense System (ADS) for UAVs using Deep learning algorithms. The small Radar cross-section (RCS) foot-print makes a problem for Traditional methods and Aero-vehicle Defense systems to distinguish between birds, stealth fighters, and UAVs incomparable of size and RCS characteristics, the detection is a challenge in low RCS targets because the chance of detection is incredibly less moreover, in the existence of interference and clutter which reduce the performance of detection process rapidly.
The neutralizing of Acidic Wastewater Produced From Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Factory by Rock granules
Authors: Dafa Alla ali Mahjoub Hisham
Published: January 2022

Acidic wastewater treatment for the TNT factory which located in the middle of the mountains is characterized by part of its nature with alkaline properties, which prompted the researcher to take advantage of it in the treatment of acidic water instead of caustic soda. Acidic waste water is originated from spent acid treatment building, nitration, purification building, drying and packing building in TNT factory. The objective of this study is to use treated Acidic water TNT Factory by rock granules. Acidic waste water is mixed together with rock granules lye after crushed process of these rocks. The results the pH value of water after neutralizing reaction showed a significant rise in pH from 1.20 to 7. 00. This is within the SSMO. These data included reduction in BOD from 30.00 to 7.00 mg/l which is also within the range of SSMO. The COD value of the acidic wastewater which is 65.00 mg/l to 11 mg/l which is also within the range of SSMO. The use of rock granules for treatment will save an amount 9.45kg/t of  caustic soda per ton of product TNT product.
Motives for Decreasing the Curing Time of HTPB-AP Composite Propellants
Authors: Elamin Nagmeldin , Bashir Ahemed.M.
Published: January 2022

One of the standard conditions for solidifying composite propellants consist of hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene as a binder and ammonium perchlorate as oxidizer, is the curing process for certain time in a certain temperature. On this paper, the motives and reasons for the decreasing of this curing time were studied and discussed. The study and discussion include the productivity, cost, delivery, manpower, and maintenance points of view. By experiments and questionnaire work, it was seen that, all the previous points of view were affected positively. Generally, the productivity of the propellant was increased by 100%, the cost of curing process was decreased by 25% of the previous cost, the man power needed for the process of waiting and recording the readings was decreased by 50%, customer delivery process was fasted by 50% of the previous delivery time, and finally the maintenance processes due to equipment depreciation were improved by 50% from the previous. From the whole point of view, it was seen that, the decreasing of the curing time is very useful for the production of the propellant. Finally, it is observed that the decreasing of the curing time to the half time brought the same properties of the standard curing time, and then it is concluded that the deceasing of the curing time can be applied safely and usefully in the casting production line.
A New Method for Correcting Deviation of Volatiles Content and Chamber Pressure for Single Base Propellant
Authors: Elbasher Haider , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: January 2022

In this study, special treatment was applied to two production batches of single-base propellant to correct three of the most important properties in the final product. These properties are internal and external volatile content (IV%, EV% respectively) and chamber pressure, the special treatments depend on mixing two batches with different percentages of mixing starting with sieving and ended with blending to guarantee the homogeneity of the final batch. The batches under study (A and B), batch A with (IV% 0.53%) which must be not less than 0.6%, so it deviated from standard requirement and Bach B with (IV =0.88%), the treatment applied for these batches to generate (C and D) batches. Batch C was a mixture composed of (25% of batch A and 0.75% of batch B). batch D was a mixture composed of (50%batchA and 50% of batch B). Six samples were subjected to sieving and blending according to calculations to correct internal and external volatile content and chamber pressure. For all samples lab, ballistics test, and executive calculations were done. After the test observed that no significant difference between the test and the results of calculations for all samples with different mixing ratios either volatiles content or chamber pressure so according to the result achieved the procedure (Method) was dependable for correcting the deviation of volatiles content and chamber pressure. The selectivity of the optimum mixing ratio can be controlled by using the equation used in this study. The importance of this study in reducing material losses due to the non-conformity of the final product with the specification.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KERTAS LIPAT MELALUI KEGIATAN BERMAIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Alvan Hazhari
Published: January 2022

Bermain sangat penting bagi anak usia dini karena melalaui bermain dapat meningkatkan aspek-aspek perkembangan, salah satunya aspek perkembangan motorik halus dengan menggunakn media kertas lipat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan motorik halus melalui kegiatan bermain dengan media kertas lipat pada anak usia dini. Peneltian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), Pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan paper dan journal ilmiah, tesis dan disertasi, skripsi, dan dokumentasi. Rata-rata hasil pretes sebelum menggunakam model pembelajaran media lipat kertas yaitu 33,02%dan sesudah menggunakan media lipat kertas meningkat menjadi 64,43% dengan rata-rata peningkatan 31,41%. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah trdapat peningkatan motorik halus pada anak uisa dini dengan menggunakan media kertas lipat.
PENGGUNAAN KERTAS ORIGAMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MENGGUNTING BERPOLA KELOMPOK B TK EL-IZDIHAR-RAJEG
Authors: Nia Kurniasih  , Ahmad Yanuar Syauki  , Ana Lisnia
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus dengan menggunakan media kertas origami melalui kegiatan menggunting berpola kelompok B di TK El-Izdihar Kecamatan Rajeg Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) kolaboratif yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak-anak kelompok B di TK El-Izdihar Rajeg yang berjumlah 10 anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester I Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi. Peningkataan kemampuan motorik halus yang dikatakan berhasil apabila persentase kemampuan motorik halus anak mencapai 80% dengan kriteria baik atau sangat meningkat. Setelah dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I dan siklus II pencapaian kriteria baik dengan nilai presentase keterampilan motorik halus sebesar 90%.
STUDI LITERATUR PENGARUH FINGER PAINTING TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SENI LUKIS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Larasati Nur Indah Prawesti  , Heni Herlina  , Yeyen Tahani
Published: January 2022

Finger painting adalah jenis kegiatan membuat gambar yang dilakukan dengan cara menggoreskan adonan warna (bubur warna) secara langsung dengan jari tangan secara bebas di bidang gambar, batasan jari disini adalah semua jari tangan, telapak tangan, sampai pergelangan tangan. Dalam penelitian ini finger painting sangat berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan seni lukis Anak Usia Dini. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh  finger painting terhadap peningkatan seni lukis anak usia dini, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur. Sesuai dengan obyek kajian skripsi ini, maka jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Dimana sistem pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari Jurnal-jurnal yang dianalisis berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada. Studi literatur merupakan kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca, mencatat, serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Sehingga dapat di simpulkan bahwa Finger Painting sangat berpengaruh dalam seni lukis anak usia dini.
132 Assessment Tools to Measure Clinical Reasoning While Attending Simulation-Based Courses
Authors: Almomani Emad , Alinier Guillaume , Pattison Natalie , Samuel Jisha
Published: January 2022

Clinical reasoning is interconnected with decision-making which is a critical element to ensure patient safety

A scoping review was undertaken to answer the questions: What are the best available valid and reliable tools to evaluate clinical reasoning while attending simulation-based activities? Do we have valid and reliable clinical reasoning assessment tools for simulation that measure clinical reasoning considering different seniority and competency levels? We searched Medline, Scopus, Education Research Complete, and Google Scholar to identify relevant recent primary research conducted on this topic from 2000 onwards. The search included MeSH topics of: ‘Clinical reasoning’, ‘Simulation-based courses’ and ‘Clinical Reasoning tools’. The inclusion criteria were primary studies that described the use of tools measuring clinical reasoning while attending simulation-based courses. Two independent researchers agreed on the inclusion of the identified papers for full-text review. This review followed the review guidelines of Joanne Briggs institute.

There are valid and reliable tools to evaluate clinical reasoning while attending simulation which is Clinical Reasoning Evaluation Simulation Tool CREST

There is an adequate number of tools to measure clinical reasoning while attending simulation. However, there is a significant basis to test the reliability and validity of these tools against different competence and seniority levels, and applicability to other healthcare professions.
Visual Impairment and its causes among elderly women of rural area of Maharashtra
Authors: Patel Sunita , Sharma Arvind , Tiwari Rajesh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Visual impairment (VI) is a public health challenge affecting over 285 million people worldwide, including 39 million blinds. The research both from India and other parts of the world has revealed that VI increases with increasing age. It is also estimated that people aged 50 years and older comprise 65% and 82% of the total visually impaired and blind, respectively. The study is conducted to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes among elderly women of rural areas.

Material and Methods: This study is a Community Based Cross-sectional study carried out in the field practice area of the rural health training center of the Department of Community Medicine. All women (n=260) aged 60 years and above in the study area formed the study population were interviewed by the house-to-house survey. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS .17.

Results: Total out of 260 women, 212(81.53%) women had visual impairment. Out of 212 visual impairment participants, causes of low vision were 80.18% cataract, 35.37% operated cataract, 10.37% pterygium, and 2.35% any eye injury or infection.

Conclusion: Cataract is the main cause of low vision. Pterygium, eye injury, and infection also cause visual impairment.
Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Potential Using GIS and Modified Drastic Model in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Hanim Farhana , Mohamad Zawawi Mohamed Azwan , B Juahir Hafizan , B Mohamed Ezzuldin Hasan
Published: January 2022

This study covered the assessment of groundwater pollution potential using modified DRASTIC model and GIS based on hydro-geological environmental parameters Selangor State in Malaysia. The modification of ranges and ratings index in DRASTIC was done using GIS to accommodate hydro-geological settings to implement and adopt data according to Selangor hydro geological environmental parameters. The groundwater pollution potential map showed that the high risk groundwater pollution potential covered 17% of study area in west side of Selangor however, 27% of the east side of Selangor exposed to low risk groundwater pollution potential. Most of the affected area was considered in low land area along the coastal in shallow groundwater table alluvial aquifer. The results significantly show that groundwater pollution potential map was successfully developed using hydro-geological parameters for Selangor area.
भारतीय संस्कृति के मूल तत्व
Authors: शुक्ल भागवत्    शरण
Published: January 2022

वेदों में भारतीय संस्कृति को विश्ववारा कहा है। विश्वं वृणोति आत्मसात् करोति स्वोच्चनियमैः या सा विश्ववारा" अर्थात् जो अपने मानवमूल्य के सर्वोच्च आत्मकल्याण कारक आदर्श रूप नियमों से सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्ड को अलोकित करे उस संस्कृति को विश्ववारा संस्कृति कहते हैं। इस भारतीय संस्कृति के प्रथम मूल तत्व हैं पुरूषार्थ चतुष्टय-धर्म, अर्थ, काम और मोक्ष । धर्म शब्द से केवल वेद प्रतिपाद्य मूल सनातन धर्म ही गृहीत होता है। विश्व में धर्म शब्द से इसके अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी का बोध होता ही नहीं। अन्य सभी सम्प्रदाय ही उपचारातः धर्म पद वाच्य होते हैं मूख्यतः यही सिद्धांत है। शतपथ ब्राह्मण कहता है - "एष धर्मो य एष तपत्येष हीद 20 सर्व धारअत्येनेदं 10 सर्व धृतम्"। अर्थात् यह धर्म ही है जो सभी को परोपकारक नियमों से तपाकर अर्थात् व्यवस्थित कर सभी को धारण करता है परोपकारक त्यागमय उदार सुरील जीवनपद्वति में स्थापित करता है। इसीलिए सम्पूर्ण ब्राह्मण्ड के धारण करने के कारण इसे धर्म कहा जाता है।
संशय की एक रात और मूल्यबोध
Authors: शुक्ल शिवप्रसाद
Published: January 2022

एक ओर कवियों को देश निकाला का ऐलान किया जा रहा हो और दूसरी तरफ पूँजीवादी, निगमिक पूँजीवादियों द्वारा प्रदत्त धन के आधार पर नोबल, सरस्वती, व्यास, ज्ञानपीठ या भारतभारती सम्मान दिये जा रहे हो तो नरेश मेहता के आत्म संघर्ष को राष्ट्र संघर्ष एवं समाज संघर्ष से जोडकर मूल्यबोध की बात करना सामूहिक प्रयास हो सकता है परंतु वैयक्तिक प्रयास कभी नहीं हो सकता। डॉ. सुरेश्चंद्र एक ऐसे आलोचक, कवि एवं रचानाकार हैं जिन्होंने "बीसवी सदी का रामकाव्य और मूल्यबोध, 'नरेश मेहता की काव्य साधना', 'दलित चिन्तन की दिशाएँ', 'महाभिनिष्क्रमण (काव्य नाटक), दो काव्य संग्रह 'कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते, भगवान का अनुभव एवं कई किताबों के सम्पादन के साथ आलोच्य कृति "समकालिन मूल्यबोध और संशय की एक रात' को अध्ययन की दृष्टि से विषय प्रवेश, उपसंहार के अलावा 6 अध्यायों एवं 152 पृष्ठों में विन्यस्त किया है। विषय प्रवेश में डॉ. विद्या सिंह, डॉ. शशि सहगल, डॉ. बैजनाथ शर्मा, डॉ. कमला प्रसाद पाण्डेय, डॉ. प्रभाकर शर्मा, डॉ. हुकुमचंद राजपाल, डॉ. हरिचरण शर्मा, डॉ. सुंदरलाल कथूरिया, रविन्द्रनाथ दरगन, डॉ. महावीर सिंह एवं डॉ. सरोज पंड्या के शोध लेखों एवं लेखों की सूक्ष्म खूबियों को उजागर करते हुए लिखा कि "डॉ. चौहान ने नरेश मेहता के इस कार्य को चुनौती पूर्ण और कठिन माना है। प्रस्तुत लेख में डॉ. चौहान ने काव्य नायक राम की तुलना मुक्तिबोध की अँधेरे में लम्बी कविता के नायक से करते हुए यह बताया है कि दोनों काव्य नायकों की स्थिति समान है। दोनों नायक आंतरिक विकलता में जीते हैं। प्रस्तुत लेख में संशय की एक रात के प्रति डॉ. चौहान का दृष्टिकोण प्रशंसात्मक रहा है।" (पृष्ठ 15)
ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में कृषि का बदलते स्वरूप का प्रभाव- एक अध्ययन
Authors: कुसुमाकर अरूणा
Published: January 2022

भारतीय ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में आज भी पारम्परिरक कृषि अधिकांशतः देशीय आदानों पर निर्भर करती है। स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति के बाद देश को विकास की आवश्यकता अनुभव हुई तो योजनाबद्ध विकास मॉडल में कृषि क्षेत्र को प्राथमिकता दी गई। जिला मुख्यालय से लेकर गावों तक आधुनिक कृषि तकनीकि के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिए कृषि विभाग ने अपने विस्तार कार्यक्रमों के माध्यम से ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था में आधुनिक कृषि तकनीकी के प्रयोग पर बल दिया।
महाभारत सनत्सुजातीय उपाख्यान
Authors: शुक्ल रामपाल
Published: January 2022

महाभारत हमारा राष्ट्रीय महाकाव्य है। इसमें भरतवंशी राजाओं की अमरगाथा है। इसे ग्रन्थरत्न में धार्मिक, नैतिक और सांस्कृति जीवन पद्धित का चित्रण है। इसमें अनेक आख्यानोपाख्यान समाहित है। यह सनतृयुजातीय उपाख्यान महाभारत के उद्योगपर्व में वर्णित है। इसमें चार अध्याय है। जो धृतराष्ट्र के प्रश्नों उत्तर सनत्सुंजात देते है।
वैश्विक महामारी और अथर्ववेदीय चिकित्सा पद्धति
Authors: आर्या किरण
Published: January 2022

उद्देश्यः ‘वैश्विक महामारी और अथर्ववेदीय चिकित्सा पद्धति’ इस लेख का उद्देश्य जनमानस में प्राचीनतम खोयी हुई परम्परा को आधुनिक युग में पुनः जीवन्त करना है। उद्देश्य स्पष्ट है कि जो प्राचीन हवन, योग, प्राणायाम, सात्विक आहार आदि वर्तमान वैज्ञानिक युग में भी परम आवश्यक हैं तथा इस नित्यकर्म (हवन, प्राणायाम आदि) से आधुनिक वैज्ञानिक भी अब पूर्णतया सहमत हैं। वेद एवं आयुर्वेद चिकित्सा पद्धति आज भी उसी तरह ही प्रासंगिक है जिस तरह अर्वाचीन में प्रयुक्त होने वाली एलोपैथी चिकित्सा पद्धति। अतः स्पष्ट है कि समूचे विश्व में उस परम्परा का लोहा पुनः माना जिस परम्परा को हम मन से, कर्म से भूल चुके थे। अतः ऋषि दयानन्द का कथन तथा उनकी अभिलाषा पूर्णतया दिग्दर्शित हो रही है कि ‘वेदों की ओर लौटो।’
प्रमुख उपनिषदों में नारी: एक विमर्श
Authors: वार्ष्णेय सारिका
Published: January 2022

उपनिषद् हिन्दू संस्कृति की अमूल्य निधि और कहीं भी किसी भी धर्म या भाषा में न मिलने वाली अतुलनीय अध्यात्म सम्पत्ति है। भारतीय विचारधारा का सर्वोपरि स्वरूप जिसने इसकी समग्र संस्कृति को ओतप्रोत कर रखा है और जिसने इसके सब चिन्तकों को एक विशेष प्रकार का ढाँचा प्रदान किया है, इसकी आध्यात्मिक प्रवृत्ति है। आध्यात्मिक अनुभव भारत के सम्पन्न सांस्कृतिक इतिहास की आधारभित्ति है।