bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Cybersecurity Threat Context and Mitigation Opportunities
Authors: Besenyő Janos , Kovács Attila Máté
Published: April 2023

With the rapid increase in cybersecurity incidents around the globe, no business or industry is hidden from cybercriminals' crosshairs. Cyber-attacks are evolving and becoming more complex each day, causing much damage to different financial and reputational sectors. The health sector (including healthcare technology) is increasingly digitized and continues to offer life-critical services. It continues to improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient care with state-of-the-art technologies. However, cybercriminals continue to exploit vulnerabilities and exfiltrate confidential patient data and other confidential information. The health care sector offers cybercriminals a rich source of confidential data and is very easy to exploit as the defense and security controls are weak. Because of the growing number of threats associated with the health sector, it is essential to understand how health care practitioners - along with concerned critical Information Technology (IT) teams - can take steps to improve the cybersecurity posture of this industry and help reduce the attack surface. Hence, this paper discusses a critical approach to analyze the current cybersecurity challenges faced by the health care sector and relevant mitigation and other scholarly articles and research papers.
The Stages of Early Radicalization through Migration as a Contemporary Concept of Threat to European Security
Authors: Dizdarević Sandi
Published: April 2023

Migrant waves occurring at the beginning of this century reflect geopolitical processes in certain parts of the world. By running away from danger for the purpose of existential survival, scientific discourse presents a responsibility that rests on the fine line between rights and safety. On the one hand, the right of every individual or group to a life worthy of man, and on the other hand, for scientists, a new phenomenon that takes on elements of modified hybrid as well as military strategies in contemporary security challenges. The recent past teaches us that we must observe such phenomena also from a security perspective, dissecting them to the smallest detail to be able to provide scientific security answers. The phenomenon of migration contains psycho-security assumptions that terrorist groups can use with the aim of achieving terrorist goals and thus putting European security in question. The aim of the work is to identify the space for early radicalization within the migrant population due to their current psycho-social and physical vulnerability. The obtained results can contribute to the creation of a multidisciplinary approach in the early detection of individuals or groups that, by abusing the psycho-social and physical state of an individual within the migrant population, try to produce a potential terrorist. Such knowledge, through the interpreted results of the research, enables a proper assessment of the migrants themselves, and especially of the terrorists from the security aspect, and the team provides a contribution to the overall security environment of the migrants as well as the overall European security. The justification of such scientific discourses and works through the application of scientific methodology will contribute to the understanding of existing practice, the determination of possible shortcomings and the modification of existing models with the aim of increasing the level of safety.
Combined novel approach to enhance the solubility and Intestinal absorption: A recent review
Authors: Dubey Ambuj , Patel Bhavna A. , Parmar Shraddha J.
Published: April 2023

For oral pharmaceutical products to achieve high bioavailability and minimal variability, the API must dissolve and be stable in the GI media as well as sufficiently absorb at pertinent sites in the large intestine and small intestine. The possibility for API absorption from any dosage form is determined by an important biopharmaceutical parameter known as regional intestine effective permeability. For effective estimation of the manufacturing potential of a dosage form, it is especially crucial to understand the quantity of drug absorption from the human large intestine. Drug development is difficult because enhancing a drug's solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability is challenging. Among the four classes of the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) major work has been done on the low soluble drugs. In recent years poor solubility has been a major challenge for pharmaceutical scientists and a lot of experimental works are ongoing. Changing polymorphic forms by different new approaches and increase in the surface area is a widely used and comparatively simple method for increasing solubility and making the drug more bioavailable. For achieving the desired effects, permeability (intestinal absorption) is also playing an important role like solubility, but the focus of scientists is less on the permeability enhancement of low permeable drugs in respect of solubility. Sometimes it has been tried but with very limited success. The objective of this paper to provide a comprehensive review on improving solubility, release and intestinal absorption of low soluble and low permeable drugs with a combined novel approach of solubility and absorption enhancement. The ability to produce high soluble and high permeable drugs will grow significantly in the coming years and this will help to grow the revenue of the innovators as well as generic pharmaceutical companies.

Keywords: Absorption, Bioavailability, Dissolution, Duodenum, Gastrointestinal tract, Gastrointestinal transit time, Gastroretention, Milling, Permeability, Poorly water-soluble drug(s), Polymer(s), Solvent evaporation, Spray drying
Formación de neologismos humorísticos en español: análisis morfológico, léxico-semántico e inferencial del meme gráfico-textual
Authors: Portillo-Fernández Jesús
Published: April 2023

En la presente investigación analizamos algunos de los principales mecanismos involucrados en la construcción del humorismo en memes gráfico-textuales que utilizan neologismos, divididos en tres tipos: 1) emulación de entradas de diccionario, 2) micro-diálogos y 3) reflexiones lexicográficas o respuestas a preguntas inferibles. Presentamos un análisis morfológico, léxico-semántico e inferencial de un corpus confeccionado ad hoc cuyo principal objetivo es comprender la complejidad combinatoria de los fenómenos lingüísticos responsables de su humorismo. Como conclusión, presentamos una síntesis de las idiosincrasias de cada formato analizado atendiendo a su estructura, la proporción encontrada en la muestra total, los procedimientos de formación, las relaciones léxico-semánticas y los tipos de contenidos implícitos utilizados e interpretados en ellos.
Transforming Teaching from Conventional to Digital Learning: Students Sensitivity in Higher Education
Authors: Nkedishu Victor Chukwubueze , Okonta Vinella
Published: April 2023

This study surveyed transforming teaching from conventional to digital learning: student sensitivity in higher education. The study was a descriptive survey which adopted the ex-post-facto design. 378 respondents were selected at random from a population of 24,888, students in Delta State higher education. The study instrument was self-constructed and titled Student Sensitivity to Conventional and Digital Learning System Questionnaire (SSCDLSQ). Face and content validity were employed for the instrument and it was further subjected to Cronbach alpha to establish the reliability and a value of .85 was obtained. Graphical representation to interpret the respondents’ information such as gender, academic level, and institution of learning. Research questions were analysed with mean rating and standard deviation. Hypothesis 1 was tested using a t-test. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were tested using ANOVA at a.05 significance level. Findings revealed, among others, that students display positive sensitivity to transforming teaching from conventional to digital learning. The researchers recommended, among others, that teaching should be transformed from a traditional classroom setting to digital learning, particularly for large classes, since it increases reading habits and collaboration.
School Leadership Effectiveness as Predictor of Internal Efficiency of Public Secondary Schools in Less Developed Communities in South-South Region, Nigeria
Authors: Alonge Hezekiah. O , Iwerebor Faith.E.
Published: April 2023

School internal efficiency in south-south region of Nigeria; a geopolitical region perceived to be rich in natural resources has been worrisome in recent times. The study therefore investigated the relationship between school leadership effectiveness and internal efficiency of public secondary schools in less developed communities in south-south regions of Nigeria. Four research questions were raised and three hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of the study. The research design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey. A total of two hundred and forty-two (242) schools were selected through multi stage sampling technique. Two research instruments developed by the researchers and validated by seasoned education practitioners were used to collect data for the study. They are; Leadership Effectiveness of Public Senior Secondary School Questionnaire (LEPSSSQ) and Public Senior Secondary School Students Enrolment Checklist (PSSSSEC). The questionnaire was pilot tested and its reliability value was computed using the Cronbach alpha statistics which yielded 0.79. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation and Pearson r were used to analyse the data generated from the research questions and hypotheses respectively. It was found that principals were effective in their leadership roles performance but schools were generally inefficient amongst other findings. Based on these, it was recommended that principals should be regularly trained and retrained on effective leadership strategies that will engender and sustain high school internal efficiency despite some challenges faced in the system.
Technological Skills and the Performance of Managers of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Imagha Orok A. , Okon Mercy G. , Akpaetor Ubong A. , Nkanor Willie N. , Umana Esitime S.
Published: April 2023

This study was to assess the influence of technological skills on the performance of managers in Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SMEs). The study was born out of the fact that over the years, one of the major challenges of SMEs managers has been grossly attributed to the absence of inadequate use of technology. The study adopted survey research design. Population of the study was made up of 320 registered SMEs in Uyo. Using Taro Yamene’s formulae for sample size determination, 180 was arrived at as the sample size. Source of data was from primary source gotten from copies of administered questionnaire. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the study. The descriptive statistics were percentage and frequency distribution tables which were used to capture respondents’ demographic characteristics and frequency distribution of the responses on the study variables. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistical tool was used in assessing the relationship between the studied variables. Findings revealed that there exist a positive correlation between technological skill and production output; technological skill and efficiency of SME managers; and technological skill and competitiveness of SME managers. Conclusively, it is established that SME managers possessing effective Technological skill is very important to the performance of their enterprises.
PRIVATE MILITARY AND SECURITY COMPANIES (PMSCS) IN ARMED CONFLICTS: LESSON FROM AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Patel Yagnik Rameshbhai , Jha Sanjay K.
Published: April 2023

The armed conflict in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2021 has, once again, raised several important issues related to the role of PMSCs in contemporary international conflicts, which have invariably become protracted and complex in nature with blurring distinction between internal and external dimensions, state and non-state actors, combat and non-combats, and advancements in weapon and communication technologies in an increasingly interdependent international order. PMSCs played an important role in Afghan conflict, providing a range of security, intelligence, logistics and allied services to US led coalition forces and Afghan government. PMSCs outnumbered the US troops in the field and their contractors were also more than the regular US troops. They had significant impact during the conflict and its final outcome with collapse of Afghan forces and the establishment of Islamic Emirate by the Taliban. At the same time, expanding scope of their role in Afghanistan has also underlined issues related to jurisdiction, accountability and lack of an effective framework to regulate their activities in armed conflicts to ensure they adhere to objectives of their employer states. In this backdrop, this paper makes an attempt to understand evolution of PMSCs in armed conflicts and their implication of growing privatization of war, earlier seen as an exclusive domain of states. The paper also analyses challenges associated with outsourcing of war to private companies and lessons learned from Afghanistan for existing structures and practices governing armed conflicts.
USE OF VARIOUS IMAGES AND SYMBOLS IN THE POEM TO THE THUNDER OF RAIN CLOUDS
Authors: Trivedi Chetan N. , Bhatt Dishita M.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the use of different images and symbols in Narsinh
Mehta's poem To the Thunder of Rain Clouds. Gujarati poet Narsinh Mehta is a well-known historical figure. He is well known for his didactic, religious, and spiritual poems on Lord Krishna. Over the course of his life, he composed about nine hundred padas (feet). Especially his love songs on Lord Krishna and Goddess Radha are very popular in Gujarati culture and literature, which are also known as Shringara Na Pado. In his poems he uses many different symbols, he also uses many images of Lord Krishna. One of them is To the Thunder of Rain Clouds, in which the poet attempts to depict the love of Radha, Gopis and Lord Krishna with using some symbols and images.
Metabolomic Methods to Predict Cancer-Associated Skeletal Muscle Wasting from Profiles of Urinary Metabolites
Authors: Akram Al-Baraa
Published: April 2023

It is known that cachexia is a cancer-associated muscle wasting and reduction in the function status due to treatment especially chemotherapy and in life expectancy, to assess cachexia muscle loss there are many methods as Computed Tomography (CT) scan which has many disadvantages as high cost, invasive, time consuming and cannot detect early stages of muscle wasting [1]. This novel approach uses single-time point urinary metabolite profiles for determining whether the patient is subjected to muscle wasting by analysis of 93 random urine samples from patients with cancer using 2 successive CT images by assessing of lumbar skeletal muscle area by cubic centimeter to estimate the rate of muscle change per time for every patient. The average muscle change over time was -4.71% in 100 days in the muscle-losing group and 3.91% in 100 days in the control group. Bivariate statistics identified metabolites to muscle wasting including constituents and metabolites of muscle as creatine and creatinine, amino acids as serine, threonine, glutamic acid, isoleucine and valine. These results suggest that urine analysis of a single random urine sample is cheap, fast, and non-invasive tool to screen muscle loss and it is useful to clarify prediction of related metabolic conditions possible with methodology presented. The metabolomics methods used in this article are Univariate analysis T-test, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and heatmap clustering.
Spatial Analysis of Phospholipids in Insect Models by Positive Ionization Mode Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging
Authors: Bhandari Suzeeta , Marwah Harsheen , Calcul Laurent , J Merkler David
Published: April 2023

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Imaging (MALDI-MSI) has developed as a useful tool in generating comprehensive metabolite profiles along with spatial information in model organisms. The ability of MALDI-MSI to generate in situ profiles in whole organisms or specific tissue sections serves as an efficient alternative to solvent extraction protocols, especially for the identification of biomolecules that are unstable under extraction conditions. Herein, we have utilized MALDI-MSI to spatially profile various classes of lipids in two model organisms, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). Five different classes of phospholipids were imaged in positive ionization mode in both insect species. Confirmation of the m/z assignment for selected lipids was performed using on-tissue MS/MS fragmentation.
Fungal Infection and Mycotoxins Contamination on Farm-Stored Chickpea in Major Producing Districts of Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Samuel , Abera Fetien Abay , Ayimut Kiros Meles , Harvey Jagger , Mahroof Rizana , Subramanyam Bhadriraju , Ulmer Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Crop susceptibility to moisture content, quality of storage facilities in the farm contributes to fungal infections and mycotoxin contamination. Chickpea grain loss in many parts of the world has been due to inadequate and poor storage facilities, post-harvest activities leading to mycotoxins and fungal infections. The current research investigated the prevalence of fungal infection and mycotoxin level in farm chickpea across five major growing districts in Ethiopia. In the current study, fungal infection and mycotoxin concentrations were investigated in two Desi and Kabuli type varieties of samples containing 150 chickpea kernels collected from five districts in Ethiopia. Additionally, moisture content, relative humidity, and temperature were also investigated during sampling. Moisture levels ranged from 13.3 - 22.3% with a mean value of 16.4% across the five districts. There was no significant difference between the two varieties studied. Survey of different storage techniques used by farmers showed that polypropylene bags were most common and accounted for 54.7%, followed by gotta 45.3%. The total fungal infection in chickpea kernels across the sampled districts range 23 - 79%. Infection with Aspergillus genera was predominant, accounting for approximately 44.3% of the total (25 - 62.5%), followed by Penicillium spp. at 34.3% (10.9 - 55.3%) and Fusarium spp. 21.4% (9.6 - 42.3%) as the lowest. A cross the studied districts, chickpea germination ranged from 68.8% to 75.5%. Total aflatoxins levels ranged from 2.5 to 31.1 ppb and a mean of 17.4 ppb. Ochratoxin A concentrations ranged from 4.3 to 35.0 ppb, with a mean value of 10.6 ppb. Fumonisins (18.7%), ranged from 0.2 to 2.9 ppm and Deoxynivalenol (6.7%) ranged from 0.2 to 2.9 ppm. Chickpea samples had a high level of total aflatoxins (ppb), followed by ochratoxin A. Even though, the current co-occurrence of mycotoxins found is at low levels, it may adversely affect the health of regular consumers and the quality of Chickpea. Further investigations should be performed in different regions to help in advising and making decisions to the relevant government institutions on the appropriate measures to be undertaken.
Studying free Proline and Soluble Sugars Accumulation in the Fungus Aspergillus creber Exposed to Salt Stress
Authors: Pouris John , Kapnopoulou Konstantina , Papadopoulou Sofia , Pyrri Ioanna
Published: April 2023

Salinity is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth by participating in abiotic stress. Plants have developed a number of physiological mechanisms responding to abiotic stress. A well-studied response is the concentration of free proline and soluble sugars, which through various mechanisms enhances plant resistance to abiotic stress. What is less studied is that the mechanism of proline and sugars is present in other categories of organisms such as fungi. There are even less bibliographic data on a relationship of the mechanism of proline and soluble sugars accumulation in fungi. The purpose of this study is to investigate proline and soluble sugars accumulation in the fungus Aspergillus creber under salt stress tolerance.
Facial Emotion Perception in Young Female Students with Single Panic Attacks
Authors: Mikhailova Elena S
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of facial emotion recognition in a non-clinical group of 13 young female students with single Panic Attacks (PA) compared to 14 matched healthy controls. Subjects were asked to recognize angry, fearful, happy, disgusted, sad and surprised faces, and reaction time and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Significant between-group differences in reaction time were not found, but the PA subjects reacted more slowly to angry and fearful expressions. More distinct between-group differences were observed in the EPRs: the PA subjects demonstrated increased amplitudes of the P100 components in the occipital area. The increased amplitude of the occipital P100 component for threat-related faces suggests that this type of high-arousal negative emotions is particularly meaningful for the PA individuals.
SS Sickle Cell Disease and Severe Malaria in Children Aged 0 to 15 Hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the Donka CHU National Hospital in Conakry, Republic of Guinea
Authors: E Camara , MM Diop , M Kouyate , SH Camara , B Abou Madiane , ML Diallo , FB Diallo , R Tchedre , IK Barry , K Bangoura , MA Bangoura , I Conde
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The superposition of distribution maps of HbS and plasmodium falciparum is at the origin of several theories on the relationship between sickle cell disease and malaria. Objective: Determine the sociodemographic aspect and identify the main complications of SS sickle cell disease in children with severe malaria at the Donka Pediatrics Department. Methods: Prospective, descriptive study, lasting 12 months from January 01 to December 31, 2021 including all children from 0-15 years hospitalized whose diagnoses of severe malaria and SS sickle cell anemia were retained during the study period. Results: The frequency was 6.65%, The age group of 5-9 years represented 41.93% with a sex ratio (M/F) = 1.3. Frequency peaks were encountered in June, July and August (36.56%). Consanguineous marriage was found in 65.59%. Fever was present in 100% of our patients followed by osteo-articular pain (93.54%). Malaria severity criteria were represented by prostration with 81.7%, followed by anemia (77.42%), hyperparasitaemia (46.23%), respiratory distress (45.16%) and seizures (34.4%). Complications were dominated by bronchopneumopathy, osteomyelitis, dactylitis and necrosis of the femoral head. The evolution was favorable in 95.70% of cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell disease associated with severe malaria remains high in the department with consanguinity often found. Reducing these two pathologies will necessarily involve the use of means of prevention against malaria and premarital examinations.
Degradation of Biodegradable Microplastics under Artificially Controlled Aging Conditions with UV Radiation
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhu Keyu , Yang Songwei , Huang Baoquan , Cao Changlin , Qian Qingrong
Published: April 2023

Due to the extensive use and improper recycling of traditional plastics, more and more policies have been issued to manage and restrict the use of traditional plastics. Therefore, Biodegradable Plastics (BPs), a substitute of traditional plastics, are widely used in daily life. However, it cannot reach the expected degradation effect in the natural environment, BPs may produce micro-plastics faster than traditional plastics called Biodegradable Microplastics (BMPs). In order to explore the degradation of BMPs, we designed a degradation experiment of BMPs under Ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 64 days. The results showed that the surface of BMPs gradually became rough with the aging time. And the both slight increase of O/C ratio and CI (carbonyl index) value of them indicated that they were oxidized under UV radiation. In addition, the crystal behaviors and the thermal stability of BMPs showed no obvious changes before and after aging. Our findings demonstrated that BMPs were less sensitive to UV radiation as compared with those of conventional plastics, giving evidence that it is necessary to increase regulation and constraints on their upstream production and subsequent disposal to achieve their environmental friendly purpose.
ESTUDO DA QUALIDADE DE ENERGIA DE UMA USINA DE MICROGERAÇÃO FOTOVOLTAICA EM SENADOR CANEDO
Authors: Oliveira Jáder de Souza , Magalhães Alana da Silva
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre qualidade de energia elétrica em uma Miniusina fotovoltaica na cidade de Senador Canedo. Métodos: As análises se concentram em VRMS, corrente, frequência, potência ativa, potência aparente, potência reativa e fator de potência do sistema composto por 7 inversores de 60 Kw totalizando 705,6 kWp. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, foi instalado um medidor de qualidade de energia elétrica, permitindo analisar vários fatores e comportamentos harmônicos da corrente e tensão. Resultados: Todos os resultados foram comparados com a Módulo 8 do PRODIST e com a IEEE Std 519 podendo observar resultados bastante significativos após a instalação do sistema. Conclusão: Conclui-se que através da THDi foi possível observar a forte relação dessa variável com a irradiância que incide sobre os módulos fotovoltaicos e que independente da potência relativa, a primeira harmônica é a que apresenta índices mais elevados de THDi, sendo que esse comportamento está diretamente ligado a características da rede, tipo do inversor e instalação do sistema, que pode ser justificado também pela análise de corrente e tensão.
APLICAÇÃO DE RELIGADORES AUTOMÁTICOS PARA REDUÇÃO DOS ÍNDICES DE CONTINUIDADE EM REDES DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA CHESP
Authors: Frazão Paloma Leal , Magalhães Alana da Silva , Bulhões Junio Santos , Martin Rodolfo de Podestá
Published: April 2023

O uso de religadores automáticos tem sido um aliado das redes de distribuição quando o assunto é falta de energia elétrica. Esse trabalho propõe verificar a eficácia da instalação desses equipamentos, analisando os indicadores de continuidade DEC (Duração Equivalente de Interrupção por Unidade Consumidora) e FEC (Frequência Equivalente de Interrupção por Unidade Consumidora) da concessionária, com o objetivo de confirmar se onde foram instalados esses equipamentos, houve melhoria dos indicadores. A análise do DEC e FEC compreendeu o período de 10 anos (2009 a 2019) para os conjuntos da concessionária CHESP (Companhia Hidroelétrica de São Patrício), com o intuito de encontrar os anos que apresentaram melhor desempenho nos indicadores de continuidade. Foi feita também coleta de dados junto à distribuidora sobre instalações de religadores automáticos e equipamentos telecomandados na rede. Como resultado, pode-se observar que houve diminuição na duração e na frequência que os clientes ficaram sem energia, concluindo que a instalação de religadores e telecomando nas subestações da distribuidora de energia colaboraram para a melhoria dos indicadores, apresentando redução de até 59% em alguns casos.
APLICAÇÃO IOT PARA MONITORAMENTO E ARMAZENAMENTO DE HISTÓRICO DE TEMPERATURA EM MOTORES ELÉTRICOS
Authors: Paiva Jairovan Denis de , Silveira Junior Carlos Roberto da , Silva Arquimedes Lopes da
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Estima-se que mais de 90 % da energia mecânica utilizada na indústria é fornecida por motores de indução trifásicos. Portanto, uma falha precoce e inesperada nesse tipo de equipamento é bastante onerosa para a indústria. Este artigo tem como objetivo a apresentação do desenvolvimento de uma aplicação IoT (Internet of Things) para acompanhamento e armazenamento de histórico da temperatura de operação de motores elétricos trifásicos através de uma rede de sensores sem fio. Valores de temperatura em tempo real, valores de pico de temperatura, tabelas e gráficos das temperaturas internas dos motores são visualizados a partir de páginas de Internet. Foram monitorados dois motores de média tensão, de 1200 CV. Os dados lidos pelos sensores são mantidos em um banco de dados nas nuvens, a fim de gerar informações relevantes com o intuito de apoiar a gestão da manutenção desses ativos. Parte do processamento da aplicação é executada nas nuvens, como a parametrização do programa do microcontrolador e envio de notificações via e-mail, para os casos de falha de leitura, falha de comunicação e alerta de temperaturas elevadas. Os resultados demonstram a aplicabilidade e funcionalidade da aplicação em ambiente industrial, permitindo a identificação de vários comportamentos do motor no tempo.
Papel de la plasticidad celular en la regeneración intestinal inducida por lesiones
Authors: Aponte Nicole , Rodríguez Oriana , Rodríguez Valeria , Zambrano Dariela , Ortiz Diana
Published: April 2023

El sistema intestinal posee una capacidad regenerativa intrínseca y fisiológica que tiene lugar a partir de las células madre Lgr5+ ubicadas en el fondo de las criptas intestinales, las cuales se diferencian hacia las células progenitoras secretoras y absortivas con sus respectivas células especializadas mediante la activación de señalizaciones intracelulares como Wnt, Hippo y Notch. Condiciones adversas como lesiones e infecciones tisulares inducen esta actividad regenerativa promovida por variados mecanismos que influyen en el microambiente celular. El sistema inmunológico detecta alteraciones en el tejido intestinal y, a través de la activación de células inmunocompetentes y la secreción de citoquinas proinflamatorias, favorece la desdiferenciación de células especializadas hacia células madre para desencadenar la respuesta regenerativa. En cuanto al sistema nervioso entérico, su influencia está sujeta a modificaciones en la microbiota y los hábitos alimenticios, y se encuentra determinada en gran parte, por las células gliales entéricas y la expresión de distintos marcadores de plasticidad, que permiten limitar la lesión y reparar el tejido. Por su parte, la epigenética modifica la expresión genética y consecuentemente, la capacidad regenerativa intestinal, variando de acuerdo a cada paciente por la influencia de factores externos como la dieta o el estado psicobiológico. De esta forma, la respuesta regenerativa intestinal inducida por lesiones, integra múltiples mecanismos y posee importantes repercusiones clínicas en cuanto a EII, disbiosis e incluso tumorogénesis; conocer los mecanismos que regulan esta actividad puede sentar las bases para la creación de terapias innovadoras en el mismo ámbito.
Infección por virus linfotrópico de células T humanas: Síndrome de Sezary asociado a paraparesia espástica tropical a propósito de un caso
Authors: Blanco Guillermo , Tapias Zamir , Carrera Fernando
Published: April 2023

El virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo 1 (HTLV-1, por sus siglas en inglés) es parte de la familia de los Retroviridae, perteneciente al género de los Delta retrovirus, está compuesto por una envoltura lipídica, obtenida de la célula huésped, en la superficie expresa proteínas transmembrana que le permite el anclaje e internalización por endocitosis al citoplasma celular. En su interior cuenta con una hebra de ARN de cadena simple en sentido positivo, además de las enzimas integrasa y transcriptasa inversa que forman la nucleocápside icosaédrica. El virus linfotrópico de células T humanas está ampliamente distribuido a nivel mundial. Existen múltiples vías de transmisión (Transmisión vertical, interacciones sexuales, transfusiones sanguíneas, uso de drogas ilícitas endovenosas y el contacto de fluidos cargados de viriones con las mucosas). El 90% de los pacientes expuestos no desarrollaran síntomas, pero existe un 10% de los pacientes que desarrollaran el cuadro clínico. El HTLV-1 se asocia a dos cuadros clínicos bien establecidos: la paraparesia espática tropical y el linfoma cutáneoT-leucemia de células T. Al ser inusual, presentándose en 1 de cada 100.000 habitantes, se discute el caso de una paciente femenina de 63 años de edad, con antecedentes de acalasia corregida quirúrgicamente, quien consulta con cuadro clínico de 2 meses de duración, caracterizado por debilidad progresiva simétrica en miembros inferiores que le impide la deambulación, incontinencia urinaria, lesiones cutáneas extensas y la presencia de hiperleucocitosis con más de 20% de blastos en sangre periférica, se realiza inmunofenotipo expresando que el 85% de linfocito T neoplásicos, resultando en leucemia de células T o síndrome de Sezary, posteriormente se confirma el diagnóstico al realizar Elisa de cuarta generación positivo para HTLV-1.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de infecciones faciales severas
Authors: Valls Juan , Quintero Daniela , Yáñez Luis , Guillen Naireth , Vizcaino Marianela , Estabilito Rosaura , Aguin Sarabeth
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Caracterizar la clínica, diagnóstico y terapéutica implementada en pacientes con infección facial severa sometidos a intervención quirúrgica por abordaje transfacial. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y retrospectivo de 20 pacientes del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas con infecciones faciales severas entre el año 2012 al 2022. Se dividieron de acuerdo a la etiología en odontógenas y no odontógenas, esta última se subdividió de acuerdo a la ubicación anatómica del proceso infeccioso. Las distintas frecuencias fueron expresadas en número y porcentaje. Resultados: Etiología odontógena: seis pacientes (30 %), no odontógena: catorce (70 %). Senos paranasales relacionados con rinosinusitis purulentas: 20 %. Glándula parótida con sialoadenitis supurativa aguda: 15%, traumatismos en piel facial: 15 % micosis profundas: 20 %. La diabetes mellitus fue el antecedente más común. Tomografía, ultrasonido y nasofibrolaringoscopía fueron las herramientas diagnósticas. Indicadores de severidad: septicemia 75 %, propagación 35 %, trismo 30 %, y áreas de gas o necrosis 25 %. Evacuación de colecciones purulentas en 75 % de casos, y desbridamiento de áreas necróticas en el 25 %. Un cuarto de la casuística desarrolló complicaciones respiratorias o falla multiorganica, durante el acto quirúrgico o en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: La identificación precoz de los indicadores de severidad en las infecciones faciales seguida del tratamiento antimicrobiano y quirúrgico apropiado, representaron las principales opciones para el manejo oportuno de este tipo de patología. La aplicación de la cirugía de revisión y el manejo multidisciplinario entre varios especialistas significaron estrategias razonables en el manejo de estos pacientes.
Respuesta inmunitaria anti-SARS-CoV-2: Infección Natural vs. Vacunación
Authors: Petro Oropeza Maura J , Rodríguez Sanchez Samuel , Sanchez Fuentes Carlos , Sánchez Manrique Moisés , Viloria Rodríguez Isaias , Escobar Guevara Edwin
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica que compara la inmunidad anti-SARS-CoV-2 inducida por la infección natural y la inducida por vacunación, para entender las particularidades de la respuesta en cada caso, así como sus ventajas y desventajas. Se escogieron artículos que reportaran la medición de concentración de anticuerpos séricos, determinantes de inmunidad celular y/o evolución clínica de los pacientes. Se encontró que: A) Los pacientes recuperados de una infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentaron una respuesta mayor y más heterogénea de anticuerpos y células B de memoria que los pacientes vacunados, con un mayor número de linfocitos T CD4+, que cooperan con la diferenciación de linfocitos B y con la producción de anticuerpos neutralizantes. B) La vacunación previene la tormenta de citocinas asociada a la infección natural. C) Dos dosis de una vacuna basada en ARN mensajero logran una concentración de anticuerpos de clase IgG prácticamente igual a la de los pacientes severamente enfermos, pero sin el daño a los nódulos linfáticos asociado a la infección natural. D) Se puede aumentar el número de linfocitos B administrando dosis de refuerzo de la vacuna. Si bien, tanto la vacunación como la infección natural generan respuestas anti-SARS-CoV-2 significativas, la vacunación es el método más seguro para proteger a la población, pues evita el riesgo a la inmunopatología y a la mortalidad asociados con la infección natural. Más aún, la inmunidad híbrida (aquella que adquieren los pacientes que superaron la infección natural y fueron después vacunados) induce una producción de anticuerpos capaces de neutralizar por completo al SARS-CoV-2.
Python Routine for an Easy Visualization of the Influence of Supply Network Characteristics on the Hydraulic Behavior of a Small Closed Loop
Authors: Da Silva Pizzo Henrique , Pochwat Kamil , Rezende dos Santos Victor
Published: April 2023

A routine coded in Python aiming at a quick detection of the hydraulic behavior of a closed supply network as a function of the variation of the input data is presented. Such variables are lengths and diameters of the sections, roughness coefficients of the pipes, terrain elevations, flow distributed in the section and residual flow, and pressure at the upstream node. After a review of the literature on the subject of hydraulic supply models, the process of the fictitious sectioning point is used, so that the closed circuit network can have its behavior assimilated as that of branched network sections, and its calculation be performed as such. This arrangement is achieved by matching head losses between sections. In order to demonstrate the functionality of the routine, 12 simulations are exposed, 06 in each particular sectioning condition, with different input data and respective influences on the network operating conditions, notably, the positioning of the fictitious sectioning point and the contribution of each stretch to the residual flow node.
Engelli Kadın Olarak Anne Olmak
Authors: CİRBAN EKREM Ebru , DEMİREL BOZKURT Özlem , DAŞIKAN Zeynep
Published: April 2023

Engellilik doğuştan veya sonradan olabilen, bireyin fiziksel ya da duyusal kayıp ve/veya yetersizliği nedeniyle gündelik ve toplumsal yaşamında zorlanmasına neden olan bir durumdur. Engelli bireylere yönelik her türlü ayrımcılığın önlenmesi hem dünyada hem de ülkemizde birçok kanun ile korunmaya çalışılmaktadır. Engelli bireylerin hakları kanunlar yolu ile korunmaya çalışılsa da bu bireyler toplum tarafından çeşitli şekillerde ayrımcılığa maruz kalmaktadırlar. Kadınlardan beklenen en önemli toplumsal rollerden biri anneliktir. Tüm kadınlar çocuk sahibi olma açısından aynı haklara sahiptir. Her kadının olduğu gibi engelli kadınların da çocuk sahibi olma ve annelik duygusunu yaşama arzusu vardır. Ayrıca engelli kadınların gebelik, doğum, doğum sonu dönem ve annelik sürecine ilişkin engeli olmayan kadınlara göre daha ayrıntılı sağlık hizmeti almaları gerekmektedir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan tarama sonucunda engelli kadınların annelik süreçlerinin incelendiği çalışmaların geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür. Bu derleme engelli kadınların ve annelerin yaşadıkları sorunlara, annelik sürecine ve karşılaşabilecekleri risklere, sağlık personeli ile etkileşimlerine ve sağlık hizmeti kullanımlarındaki engellere yönelik farkındalık yaratmak amacı ile yazılmıştır.
TOWNSCAPE: CONCEPT AND RESEARCH ORIGINS
Authors: Panavaitė Lina
Published: April 2023

Townscape research in the context of urban morphology research is a new direction. To understand the scope and need of research, first, you need to answer the question of what townscape is and how it can be understood in the context of research of various directions, what is the object being studied. It is important to understand why there was a need for research in such a direction and what influence it had on urban planning and design. The article aims to name the concept of townscape in the eyes of different researchers, to describe the possible ways of understanding and researching the townscape, to reveal the origin and need of townscape research in area of today’s urban design. The main goal of the article is to refine the definition of the concept of townscape.
A LAMOST Spectroscopic Study of T Tauri Stars in the Orion OB1a Subassociation
Authors: Hernández Jesús , Zamudio Luisa F. , Briceño César , Calvet Nuria , Zhu Zhaohuan , Yuan Haibo , Liu Xiaowei , Manzo-Martínez Ezequiel , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. , Serna Javier , Maucó Karina , Adame Lucía
Published: April 2023

We present a spectroscopic analysis of T Tauri stars (TTSs) observed with the wide-field multifiber spectrograph LAMOST in the substellar associations Ori OB1a located in the Orion Star-forming Complex. Based on GAIA-DR3 data, we selected stars with proper motions and parallaxes expected for TTSs belonging to the young association. We perform a spectroscopic analysis to obtain the spectral types and measure the equivalent widths of Li i and Hα to confirm the youth of the stars and estimate the accretion status. We also estimate extinctions, masses, and ages for the studied sample. Out of 342 TTSs with spectroscopic and kinematic properties indicating their membership of the subassociation, 2 are reported here for the first time. Finally, we detect four stellar kinematic groups located at different distances, two in the north fields and two in the south field. These groups also show different proper motions. This suggests that the star-forming scenario in this region is more complex than the traditional spatial-temporal scenario, in which a generation of stars triggers the formation of a new spatially differentiated generation of stars.
Disk Wind Feedback from High-mass Protostars. II. The Evolutionary Sequence
Authors: Staff Jan E. , Tanaka Kei E. I. , Ramsey Jon P. , Zhang Yichen , Tan Jonathan C.
Published: April 2023

Star formation is ubiquitously associated with the ejection of accretion-powered outflows that carve bipolar cavities through the infalling envelope. This feedback is expected to be important for regulating the efficiency of star formation from a natal prestellar core. These low-extinction outflow cavities greatly affect the appearance of a protostar by allowing the escape of shorter-wavelength photons. Doppler-shifted CO line emission from outflows is also often the most prominent manifestation of deeply embedded early-stage star formation. Here, we present 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a disk wind outflow from a protostar forming from an initially 60 M
⊙ core embedded in a high-pressure environment typical of massive star-forming regions. We simulate the growth of the protostar from m
* = 1 M
⊙ to 26 M
⊙ over a period of ∼100,000 yr. The outflow quickly excavates a cavity with a half opening angle of ∼10° through the core. This angle remains relatively constant until the star reaches 4 M
⊙. It then grows steadily in time, reaching a value of ∼50° by the end of the simulation. We estimate a lower limit to the star formation efficiency (SFE) of 0.43. However, accounting for continued accretion from a massive disk and residual infall envelope, we estimate that the final SFE may be as high as ∼0.7. We examine observable properties of the outflow, especially the evolution of the cavity's opening angle, total mass, and momentum flux, and the velocity distributions of the outflowing gas, and compare with the massive protostars G35.20-0.74N and G339.88-1.26 observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), yielding constraints on their intrinsic properties.
Tidal Stripping of a White Dwarf by an Intermediate-mass Black Hole
Authors: Chen 陈 Jin-Hong 劲鸿 , Shen 申 Rong-Feng 荣锋 , Liu 刘 Shang-Fei 尚飞
Published: April 2023

During the inspiralling of a white dwarf (WD) into an intermediate-mass black hole (∼102−5
M
⊙), both gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) radiation are emitted. Once the eccentric orbit’s pericenter radius approaches the tidal radius, the WD would be tidally stripped upon each pericenter passage. The accretion of this stripped mass would produce EM radiation. It is suspected that the recently discovered new types of transients, namely the quasiperiodic eruptions and the fast ultraluminous x-ray bursts, might originate from such systems. Modeling these flares requires a prediction of the amount of stripped mass from the WD and the details of the mass supply to the accretion disk. We run hydrodynamical simulations to study the orbital parameter dependence of the stripped mass. We find that our results match the analytical estimate that the stripped mass is proportional to z
5/2, where z is the excess depth by which the WD overfills its instantaneous Roche lobe at the pericenter. The corresponding fallback rate of the stripped mass is calculated, which may be useful in interpreting the individual flaring light curve in candidate EM sources. We further calculate the long-term mass-loss evolution of a WD during its inspiral and the detectability of the GW and EM signals. The EM signal from the mass-loss stage can be easily detected: the limiting distance is ∼320(M
h/104
M
⊙) Mpc for the Einstein Probe. The GW signal, for space-borne detectors such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna or TianQin, can be detected only within the Local Supercluster (∼33 Mpc).
Relative In-flight Response of IBEX-Lo to Interstellar Neutral Helium Atoms
Authors: Swaczyna P. , Bzowski M. , Fuselier S. A. , Galli A. , Heerikhuisen J. , Kubiak M. A. , McComas D. J. , Möbius E. , Rahmanifard F. , Schwadron N. A.
Published: April 2023

The IBEX-Lo instrument on the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission measures interstellar neutral (ISN) helium atoms. The detection of helium atoms is made through negative hydrogen (H−) ions sputtered by helium atoms from the IBEX-Lo’s conversion surface. The energy spectrum of ions sputtered by ISN helium atoms is broad and overlaps the four lowest IBEX-Lo electrostatic analyzer (ESA) steps. Consequently, the energy response function for helium atoms does not correspond to the nominal energy step transmission. Moreover, laboratory calibration is incomplete because it is difficult to produce narrow-energy neutral atom beams that are expected for ISN helium atoms. Here, we analyze the ISN helium observations in ESA steps 1–4 to derive the relative in-flight response of IBEX-Lo to helium atoms. We compare the ratios of the observed count rates as a function of the mean ISN helium atom energy estimated using the Warsaw Test Particle Model (WTPM). The WTPM uses a global heliosphere model to calculate charge exchange gains and losses to estimate the secondary ISN helium population. We find that the modeled mean energies of ISN helium atoms, unlike their modeled fluxes, are not very sensitive to the very local interstellar medium parameters. The obtained relative responses supplement the laboratory calibration and enable more detailed quantitative studies of the ISN helium signal. A similar procedure that we applied to the IBEX-Lo observations may be used to complement laboratory calibration of the next-generation IMAP-Lo instrument on the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission.
New and well-forgotten: DNA-assisted records of two beetle (Insecta, Coleoptera) species new for the fauna of Georgia with an update on the distribution of some other little studied taxa
Authors: Japarashvili Shota , Bulbulashvili Natalia , Seropian Armen , Chkhartishvili Tinatin , Iankoshvili Giorgi , Chitadze Beka , Balkhamishvili Sopio , Arsenashvili Eka , Todua Mariami , Memishishi Aleksi
Published: April 2023

First records of two species of beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera), namely Pocadius adustus Reitter, 1888 (Nitidulidae) and Byrrhus pustulatus (Forster, 1770) (Byrrhidae) are given for Georgia. In addition, an update on the occurrences of Necrobia violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cleridae), Coelostoma orbiculare (Fabricius, 1775) (Hydrophilidae) and Lycoperdina succincta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Endomychidae) are also presented based on the specimens collected in Samtskhe-Javakheti region, determined by morphological and mtDNA barcoding methods.