bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feminist Interpretation of A Summer Bird-Cage by Margaret Drabble
Authors: Zhang Liang
Published: December 2016

The article focuses on the feminist interpretation of the women images in A Summer Bird-Cage by British female writer Margaret Drabble. Drabble shows special concern for women’, especially intellectual women’s fate and living circumstances in the patriarchal society. Based on the feminism and historical and social background of feminist movements, the article analyzes intellectual young women’s struggle to control the fates of their own in terms of marriage and love, cause and family as well as the economic independence and spiritual independence. Through the life experience of women characters, Drabble exposes females’ predicament and dilemma in reality. It is truly hard for women to fulfill the social and domestic duties imposed on them. It is not wise for women to give up their own cause for the sake of family, while the society doesn’t make it easy for them to stave off marriage and live on their own. To be independent, therefore, is a prevailing slogan for feminists but an everlasting question for women to find feasible solutions.
A Corpus-based Study of Grammaticalization of the Highest Degree Adverb “Ji”
Authors: Tao Mei , Si Weiguo
Published: December 2016

Researches on the grammaticalization of Chinese characters “Ji” mainly focus on motivation, but it does not involve the specific process. Traugott, an expert on grammaticalization, has put forward a theoretical hypothesis about the direction of grammaticalization. Based on this hypothesis and the Chinese corpus, this paper studies the process and motivation of grammaticalization of Chinese characters “Ji” from the diachronic perspective. It is found that the grammaticalization process of “Ji” has three stages: ideational function stage, textual function stage and interpersonal function stage, but it is against the theoretical assumption put forward by Traugott. Meanwhile, subjectification runs through the whole process of grammaticalization. Generalization, metaphor, re-analysis and analogy are only the dominant motivation in a particular stage of its grammaticalization process.
Monitorização da Expansão Pulmonar Após Manobras de Fisioterapia Respiratória por Meio do Tomógrafo de Impedância Elétrica
Authors: Barrientto Larissa , Ratti Ligia , Tonella Rodrigo , Faez Daniela , Dos Anjos Ana Paula Ragonete , Figueiredo Luciana Castilho
Published: December 2016

A tomografia de impedância elétrica é um método não invasivo de visualização da mecânica respiratória beira-leito. Este exame permiteobservar, em tempo real, a ventilação regional pulmonar a cada ciclo respiratório com o objetivo de se otimizar e observar os efeitos imediatos dos ajustes de ventilação mecânica e\ou terapia respiratória. O objetivo é monitorar e avaliar a reexpansão pulmonar durante as manobras fisioterapêuticas de bloqueio torácico e hiperinsuflação pulmonar com AMBU® por meio do tomógrafo de impedância elétrica. Apresentação dos resultados e a interpretação da monitorização pela tomografia por impedância elétrica torácica em paciente vítima de trauma cranioencefálico, com diagnóstico de pneumonia em hemitórax esquerdo, internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva submetido à manobra de bloqueio torácicoe a manobra de hiperinsuflação pulmonar. Previamente à manobra de bloqueio torácico, as porcentagens de áreas ventiladas foram: quadrante 1 50%, quadrante 3 34%, quadrante 2 3% e quadrante 4 11%. Após a manobra os resultados obtidos foram: quadrante 1 50%, quadrante 3 22%, quadrante 2 14% e quadrante 4 13%. Na hiperinsuflação pulmonar, previamente as porcentagens de áreas ventiladas foram: quadrante 1 33%, quadrante 3 25%, quadrante 2 22% e quadrante 4 19%. Após a hiperinsuflação pulmonar os resultados obtidos foram: quadrante 1 39%, quadrante 3 22%, quadrante 2 23% e quadrante 4 15%. Após as manobra de bloqueio torácico há redistribuição da ventilação pulmonar nopulmão contralateral e na hiperinsuflação pulmonar houve redistribuição da ventilação pulmonar em ápices pulmonares e redução em bases. A monitorização também mostra que essas manobras são eficazes para reexpansão pulmonar.
Methodologies for Teaching English to Adult Students in Spanish Vocational Education Programs
Authors: Castañeda Sergio
Published: December 2016

This paper explores strategies used by teach- ers of English in Spain to compensate for learning limitations  associated with student age. As part of a qualitative study of multiple cases, twenty teachers from different voca- tional programs volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews revealed the difficulties that older Spanish adult students experience in learning Eng- lish in age-diverse classrooms. The findings specifically indicate that older adult learners face numerous obstacles in oral compre- hension and language production because of the translation and grammatical method- ologies with which they were educated. A further obstacle is their younger classmates’ linguistic superiority. Special attention  is paid to the methodologies used by teachers of age-diverse groups, including material speci- ficity, real-life practice, repetition and system- atization, skill-oriented tasks, and collabora- tive or cooperative learning.
FERIA ORGÁNICA EL TRUEQUE: ALCANCES DE UNA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL SOLIDARIA
Authors: Castañeda Hawi , Chaves Chang Luis Diego , Segura Vargas Ximena
Published: December 2016

El siguiente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria realizada a partir de una serie de entrevistas y observaciones de los productores de la Feria Orgánica El Trueque, ubicada en San Cayetano, San José, Costa Rica. La feria es analizada desde la propuesta de una economía social solidaria. Para ello, se toman aspectos característicos de la economía de mercado capitalista, contrapuesta a las alternativas que ofrece un modelo de economía solidaria. El objetivo planteado es el análisis de la feria considerando sus alcances, sus límites y su potencial para convertirse en un espacio económico inclusivo. Los resultados apuntan a un espacio con múltiples prácticas solidarias que buscan atender las necesidades de los productores y a la vez cuestionar, incluso transformar parcialmente, la lógica económica que predomina en el contexto nacional e internacional. La feria constituye un buen ejemplo de proyecto social que pone en entredicho los supuestos de la economía hegemónica.
Maternal Rejection and Idealized Value of Appearance: Exploring the Origins of Body Dysmorphic Concerns Among Young Adults
Authors: Farrell Lara J. , Gregertsen Eva C. , Donovan Caroline L. , Pammenter Amy , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie
Published: December 2016

Body dysmorphic disorder is a clinical disorder characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in one’s appearance (American Psychological Association, 2013), causing impaired functioning. Cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder have been proposed, whereby social anxiety and parental rejection may be predisposing factors, whereas maladaptive cognitive biases, such as appraisals of rejection, may serve as maintenance factors. The primary aim of this study was to test the role that perceived parental rejection in childhood may play in understanding the development of body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, this study examined whether idealized values of appearance act as a mediator between perceived maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms. The sample comprised 239 Australian undergraduate psychology students. Social anxiety, appearance-based rejection sensitivity, maternal rejection, and idealized values of appearance uniquely predicted body dysmorphic symptoms. Furthermore, the relationship between maternal rejection and body dysmorphic symptoms was partially mediated by idealized values of appearance. Findings support cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder.
Association of Serum Triglyceride Level and Gemfibrozil Consumption With Periodontal Status
Authors: Sayar Ferena , Akhondi Nasrin , Fallah Soltanali , Moalemnia Amir Abbas , Cheraghi Azra
Published: December 2016

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Considering the suggested association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases, this study sought to assess the association, if any, between serum triglyceride (TG) levels and gemfibrozil consumption with periodontal parameters.

Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 90 participants, including 30 individuals with a normal lipid profile (group H), 30 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and not on medication (group N), and 30 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and taking gemfibrozil over a 3‐month period (group M). Periodontal parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index were measured at four sites of each tooth. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), TG, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein were measured.

Results: Mean values for PD and CAL in the two hypertriglyceridemic groups were significantly higher than those of the H group (P <0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, significant linear correlations were noted between PD and BOP, PD and TC, PD and TG, and CAL and TG in each group (P <0.01).

Conclusions: Patients with hypertriglyceridemia had worse periodontal status than healthy controls. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia who were taking gemfibrozil did not show significant differences in CAL and PD compared with untreated patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Treatment of Non‐Contained Infrabony Defects With Enamel Matrix Derivative Alone or in Combination With Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft: A 12‐Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Losada Meritxell , González Rodrigo , Garcia Àngels Pujol , Santos Antonio , Nart José
Published: December 2016

Background: Use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) when dealing with non‐contained defects may be limited because EMD does not maintain a space itself. Use of combined therapy has been proposed, using a bone graft in combination with EMD to avoid collapse of the flap into the bony defect during healing time. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic healing response of non‐contained infrabony defects after treatment with a combination of EMD and biphasic calcium phosphate (BC) or EMD alone.

Methods: Fifty‐two patients with at least one infrabony defect ≥3 mm in depth with a probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm were randomly treated with EMD/BC or EMD alone. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months after surgery. To standardize the procedure, an acrylic stent and millimeter radiographic grid were used. The primary outcome was the change in clinical attachment level (CAL).

Results: Analysis of the data demonstrated a statistically significant difference from baseline within each group (P <0.05), with a difference in clinical and radiographic parameters at 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, mean PD reductions of 3.14 ± 1.95 mm (39.6%) in the EMD/BC group and 3.30 ± 1.89 mm (48.7%) in the EMD group were achieved. A mean CAL gain of 2.38 ± 2.17 mm (24.9%) in the EMD/BC group and 2.65 ± 2.18 mm (36.2%) in the EMD group were obtained. Reduction in the infrabony component was 2.71 ± 1.79 mm (57.9%) in the test group and 2.60 ± 2.03 mm (28.5%) in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups.

Conclusions: It was concluded that treatment of non‐contained infrabony defects with EMD, with or without BC, resulted in statistically significantly better results after 12 months compared with baseline measurements. In contrast, the combined approach did not result in a statistically significant improvement.
Progress of Foreign Banks Vis-À- Indian Banks
Authors: Vinila T.
Published: December 2016

A review of comparative  progress made by the foreign banks in India vis-à-vis their counterpart Indian banks in terms of basic banking performance indicators for a 15 year period commencing from 1999-2000 is made  in this Chapter so as to trace their status, strengths and limitations so far as their operations in India are concerned.  The basic performance indicators that are taken into consideration are number of employees working, deposits, advances, branches, income and expenditure, profit, etc.  It is to further mention here that the entire period of study is divided into three comprising each of five year duration so as to observe periodical trends and appropriately compound growth rates for each period are calculated for logical analysis and interpretation.  
Preparation of Unsaturated Polyester Nanocomposites and Studying Their Mechanical Properties Using some Inorganic Additives
Authors: Ugal Jalil Raheef , Hasson Raghad Mohammed
Published: December 2016

In this study three inorganic nano additives, namely; CaCO3, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used to prepare nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester in order to modify their mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, elongation, impact and hardness. The results indicated that all the three additives were effective to improve the mechanical properties up to 4% by weight. The effectiveness of them follows the order :
CaCO3 > Al2O3 > SiO2
This is due to their particle size in which CaCO3 (13nm), Al2O3 (20-30nm) and SiO2 (15-20nm).
Preparation of Industrial Greases from Aircraft Waste Oils
Authors: Rasheed Nibal H. , Rasheed Noor K. , Abd–Alsada Engam A.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this research is to benefit from recycl the aircraft waste oils which is discarded in sewage network, to be used in preparation of greases for industrial purposes and to reduce the environmental pollution. In this research synthetic greases were prepared with special specifications by mixing the waste oils after treating with (silica gel as adsorbent agent, and filtration to precipitate impurities then heated to 110 C? to get rid of water) bentonite produced in Iraq which is available and cheap with existence of high density polyethylene at specific conditions of ( heating and mixing) . The best weight proportion were reached, then paraffin wax and additives were added to improve the properties of grease and give the best specification for the final product. The properties of the resulting grease and the oil before and after processing were studied through the steps of the research such as viscosity, penetration and dropping point.
Adsorption and Thermodynamic Study of Direct Blue 71 Dye on to natural Flint Clay from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Waheeb Azal S.
Published: December 2016

The remove of direct blue (DB71) anionic dye on flint clay in aqueous solution was investigated by using a batch system for various dye concentrations. The contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature was studied under batch adsorption technique. The data of adsorption equilibrium fit with isotherm Langmuar and Freiundlich ,when the correlation coefficient used to elucidate the best fitting isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters such as, ?Hº ,?Sº and ?Gº. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the sorption of the dyes onto Flint clay was endothermic and spontaneous.
Preparation and Characterization of Bimetallic Catalyst (NiO – CoO) for Desulfurization of Gas Oil
Authors: Ugal Jalil R. , Hussein Asmaa H.
Published: December 2016

In this study NiO - CoO bimetallic catalysts are prepared with two Ni/Co ratios (70:30 and 80: 20) using the precipitation method of nitrate salts. The effects of Ni /Co ratio and preparation methods on the catalyst are analyzed by using different characterization techniques, i.e. atomic absorption (AA) , XRD, surface area and pore volume measurements according to the BET method .
The results indicate that the best catalyst is the one containing the percentage of Ni :Co ( 70 : 30 ). Experiments indicate that the optimal conditions to prepare catalyst are stirring for three hours at a temperature of 60oC of the preparation , pH= (8-9) , calcination temperature at 400oC for two hours using the impregnation method .
The catalyst activity is studied through the application in the process of oxidative desulfurization of gas oil fuel . The optimal conditions for deep oxidative desulfurization processes are : catalysts 3% , 2 gm. Na2 CO3 , refluxe time 3 hours at 400 C , using a mechanical stirrer at moderate speed (700 rpm), the volume ratio of gas oil : H2O2 : acetic acid is 10: 1: 0.5 and extracted with 1:1 ratio of acetonitrile to the gas oil for three times .
The results indicate that the catalysts are efficient to remove sulfur from gas oil depending on temperature, time, concentration of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 30 % and solvent used for extraction.
The efficiency of the best catalyst gives a maximum sulfur removal reaching 68.97%.
Adolescents Talking about Personal Responsibility
Authors: Mergler Dr Amanda , Patton Prof Wendy
Published: December 2016

The role of personal responsibility in the lives of adolescents remains a largely overlooked area in the psychological and educational fields. The present study used focus groups of 20 white, middle-class adolescents to examine how they understand and integrate the notion of personal responsibility into their lives. Key themes, including awareness of thoughts and feelings, behavioural choices and control, and consideration of consequences were found to be important components of the personal responsibility variable. Interesting gender differences were noted, with females and males identifying different emotions as being within or outside their control, and only females said that concern for the feelings of others was a major factor in decision-making. The key themes served to generate parameters with which to define the personal responsibility variable.
Implementing a Child Protection Curriculum: Lessons from a South Australian Trial
Authors: Johnson Professor Bruce
Published: December 2016

In 2004â€“5, the South Australian Department of Education and Childrenâ€™s Services (DECS) revised its child protection curriculum by producing new draft materials and having them trialled by teachers in a small number of schools. The trial was conducted to establish the quality of the draft curriculum and to identify the support processes used by schools to help teachers implement the new curriculum. The study confirmed that the curriculum materials were of good quality and generally helpful to teachers planning to teach child protection. It also revealed that school leaders and teachers used a range of sophisticated micropolitical strategies to address several key issues and dilemmas that emerged from the trial. These strategies included establishing the moral purpose of the child protection curriculum, reducing teacher isolation by building collaborative coalitions, integrating the curriculum with other school initiatives, and dealing with resistance to the curriculum. Knowledge gained from the study will inform other schools wishing to use the materials (launched this year as Keeping Safe (DECS, 2008)) to support the teaching of child protection strategies.
Looking back to the future: The current relevance of Maria Montessoriâ€™s ideas about the spiritual well-being of young children
Authors: Tregenza Virginia Anne
Published: December 2016

Maria Montessori (1870-1952) was an Italian educator whose ideas and principles have validity in informing, understanding and responding to the challenges faced by contemporary educators . Many of her foundational principles are at the forefront of current educational thinking but are unacknowledged or unknown in mainstream education. It is argued that her ideas and principles about the spiritual wellbeing of young children have validity in the current debate. Montessori saw spirituality as innate in young children, the primary force driving their development and central to their capacity for joyful and deep engagement with their environment. She saw childrenâ€™s capacity and ability to concentrate deeply as a spiritual pathway to a new level of individual consciousness and connection to the environment. These principles can inform our current thinking, understanding and response to young childrenâ€™s spirituality. The conditions to bring about, support and protect what Montessori calls â€˜concentrationâ€™ should be considered in pedagogical responses to the spiritual needs of young children
A pilot study utilising cross-age peer tutoring as a method of intervention for anxious adolescents
Authors: Campbell Marilyn Anne
Published: December 2016

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychopathology experienced by young people, with up to 18% of adolescents developing an anxiety disorder. The consequences of these disorders, if left untreated, include impaired peer relationships, school absenteeism and self-concept problems. In addition, anxiety disorders may play a causal role in the development of depression in young people, precede eating disorders and predispose adolescents to substance abuse disorders. While the school is often chosen as a place to provide early intervention for this debilitating disorder, the fact that excessive anxiety is often not recognised in school and that young people are reluctant to seek help, makes identifying these adolescents difficult. Even when these young people are identified, there are problems in providing sensitive programs which are not stigmatising to them within a school setting. One method which may engage this adolescent population could be cross-age peer tutoring. This paper reports on a small pilot study using the â€œWorrybustersâ€ program and a cross-age peer tutoring method to engage the anxious adolescents. These anxious secondary school students planned activities for teacher-referred anxious primary school students for a term in the high school setting and then delivered those activities to the younger students weekly in the next term in the primary school. Although the secondary school students decreased their scores on anxiety self-report measures there were no significant differences for primary school studentsâ€™ self-reports. However, the primary school parent reports indicated a significant decrease in their childâ€™s anxiety.
â€œThey might not like you but everyone knows youâ€: Popularity among teenage girls.
Authors: Owens Laurence , Duncan Neil
Published: December 2016

There is a wealth of research on popularity among adolescents, mainly conducted in the United States. This study utilised a stimulus vignette and semi-structured focus group interviews to investigate teenage girlsâ€™ (15 year olds, n = 40) constructions of popularity in two schools of diverse socio-economic background in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. An intensive thematic analysis revealed that the girls perceived popular same-sex peers to be publicly visible, prominent and prestigious and not necessarily well liked. In both schools, popular girls were seen to be physically and fashionably attractive and from wealthier backgrounds. Popular girls projected an image of being anti-school and antisocial rule breakers including smoking, drinking and taking drugs, more-so in the low income school. High status girls were seen as powerful and influential and they used their power in intimidating and aggressive ways including verbal harassment of peers, spreading of mean rumours and manipulation of friendships.
I just want friends: a â€˜relational wellbeingâ€™ approach to providing school support for a young person with Asperger syndrome
Authors: Burrows Leigh
Published: December 2016

Vulnerable young people with impairments in their capacity to relate to others, such as those with Asperger syndrome, present a particular challenge to education professionals, schools and systems. Their social and behavioural patterns tend to place them at odds with school structures and staff expectations thus increasing the risk of exclusion (Swayne & Fielding n.d.). School and systemic responses may need to be tailored to individual needs in complex cases. This paper uses a case study of a young person diagnosed with Asperger syndrome to explore how an intervention incorporating the studentâ€™s own ideas and insights into how his wellbeing at school could be improved contributed to an improvement in his capacity for social interaction as well as a significant reduction in his aggressive behaviour over a two-year period.
Studies of obesity, body image and related health issues among Australian adolescents: how can programs in schools interact with and complement each other?
Authors: O'Dea Jennifer
Published: December 2016

This article details recent studies of body weight, obesity, body image and related health issues among Australian adolescents and the ways in which subsequent nutrition and physical activity programs in schools can interact with and complement each other, rather than contradicting or competing with each other. I briefly identify and discuss the commonalities between health promotion, obesity prevention, body image improvement, eating disorder prevention and promotion of physical activity. In this article I present for the first time the findings of a 2009 research study examining the recent barriers to participation in sport, physical education and physical activity from a study of 1000 Australian children and adolescents. These findings illustrate the complex interrelationships between various adolescent health issues and their prevention. Finally, I believe that preventing the co-existing problems of obesity, low physical activity, disordered eating and body image concerns among adolescents is very challenging and requires a thoughtful, careful community involvement strategy. I suggest that it would be a mistake to target any sort of weight loss or weight control message towards adolescent girls, many of whom clearly already have a fear of fatness, an apparent body image problem and low self-esteem. Similarly, I recommend that it would be culturally inappropriate to approach obesity prevention among ethnic groups of overweight or obese adolescents and their families without serious consideration of the potentially harmful, undesirable or culturally inappropriate outcomes. Several facets of prevention need attention when focusing on school based health promotion, nutrition education and body image improvement using a whole-school approach, including school curricula, school ethos, school policies and schoolâ€“community links.
Using nutrition education and cooking classes in primary schools to encourage healthy eating
Authors: Drummond Claire
Published: December 2016

Schools are in the unique position of being able to influence studentsâ€™ eating behaviours in a beneficial manner. Positive peer and teacher modelling can encourage students to try foods they exhibited distaste for previously. Pilot research has shown that when nutrition and cooking sessions are conducted in primary schools, foods refused or untried at home during meal times, such as vegetables, were asked for following the school cooking classes using that same food. In this paper I will discuss how nutrition workshops and cooking classes in primary schools can influence healthy eating habits among schoolaged children. The research indicated that there was a transfer of knowledge around healthy nutrition from a school environment to a home environment through students as agents of change.
Developing Reflective Function:The Advocacy Model as a way of developing a sense of meaning in young people
Authors: Neville Associate Professor Bernie
Published: December 2016

The psychological development of children and adolescents, however broadly or narrowly conceived, is central to the purpose and function of schools. However, insufficient attention may be paid to a key aspect of psychological development in adolescence â€• the reflective function. This paper outlines the rationale for a specific systemic intervention in the schooling experience of adolescents. In a number of schools in Victoria the provision of one-to-one relationships between teacher-advocates and students is coupled with the use of a bank of electronic tools (the Student Achievement Inventory) designed to support the development of refective function and with it the capacity to construct a meaningful experience of learning within the school context. The Advocacy Model is discussed within the framework of developmental psychology and attachment theory.
Playwork: A Profession Challenging Societal Factors Devaluing Childrenâ€™s Play
Authors: Patte Associate Professor Michael Matthew , Brown Dr Fraser
Published: December 2016

Over the duration of my teaching career I have witnessed the intensification of attitudes devaluing play, and now in my role as a university professor I have visited many school sites that offer little time for child-initiated play. These personal experiences painted a bleak picture for the inclusion of play in the daily lives of children. So while attending The Association for the Study of Playâ€™s conference in 2006, I sought out sessions that focused on issues of play advocacy. As it turned out, a session offered by Fraser Brown titled Children Without Play was just what the doctor ordered. At that presentation I was introduced to the field of Playwork and became intrigued by a profession whose underlying principles were well suited to address the societal factors devaluing childrenâ€™s play in America.
AUSTRALIAN LIVE ANIMAL EXPORT: A COMPARATIVE EXAMINATION OF VIABLE ALTERNATIVES
Authors: Brand Seamus PJ
Published: December 2016

The Australian live animal export trade has long been under scrutiny due to repeated public outcries over the animal welfare abuses that are seemingly intrinsic to the trade. This article examines the regulatory regimes of Australia’s international competitors and asks whether Australian authorities should adopt their solutions to the problem of protecting the welfare of animals who are exported live to other nations. The article begins by providing an overview of the current Australian regulatory framework in Part II. Parts III and IV discuss the approaches taken by two of Australia’s international competitors in the animal export trade, New Zealand and Brazil. Part V examines the merits of a proposed international treaty governing animal welfare worldwide and asks whether such an umbrella treaty can create a more focused global standard for both live animal export and import nations. It concludes that Australia must follow the lead of Brazil and New Zealand by crafting a new regime that protects the welfare of export animals, while simultaneously sponsoring the creation of a multilateral animal welfare treaty.
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF CYBERBULLYING POLICIES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIAN SCHOOLS
Authors: Spyrou Peta
Published: December 2016

Cyberbullying is a form of covert bullying that affects the lives of young people and adults alike. Empirical evidence suggesting that the effects of cyberbullying may lead to protracted mental harm highlights the need for schools to take a proactive stance against this form of bullying. This article looks specifically at the effectiveness of the anti-bullying policies implemented by South Australian school authorities in order to comply with their legal duty of care in negligence. Part I introduces the topic of cyberbullying, while Part II explains a school’s legal liability for instances of cyberbullying and identifies the requisite need for anti-bullying polices. In addition, Part III highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to reduce the occurrence of cyberbullying that recognises the important roles played by parents and student bystanders. This section concludes by providing specific recommendations on how anti-bullying policies should be implemented. The article argues that while school authorities may bear legal liability for instances of cyberbullying, schools cannot effectively implement anti-bullying policies without forming a partnership with the whole school community.
THE CHOICE BETWEEN ADOPTION AND FOSTER CARE AS CHILD PROTECTION RESPONSES
Authors: Gay Stephen
Published: December 2016

Child protection systems in Australia are struggling to cope with the growing number of children requiring out-of-home care because of abuse or neglect occurring within families. Professionals and governments are grappling with the alternative care options that are available in an attempt to improve children’s health, education and emotional development. Research demonstrates that children suffer if they are exposed to multiple placements throughout childhood and this leads some to believe that the permanency of adoption would better serve the needs of children from broken families. This article considers the recent proposal by the South Australian State Coroner to expand the role of adoption as a child protection response, noting that New South Wales introduced such a model in 2014. It also examines international approaches in this area as well as the findings of studies into foster care and adoption. By drawing together the knowledge gained from different policy and practice approaches to out-of-home care, this article argues that introducing a blanket approach favouring adoption is not an appropriate option. It concludes that the only model likely to achieve the best outcomes for children is one involving individual responses to every child.
LANGOS RESPONDS TO SPYROU: CHANGING GROUP NORMS MAY FOSTER POSITIVE RESPONSES TO VICTIMISATION
Authors: Langos Colette
Published: December 2016

This article is a comment on Peta Spyrou’s article in this volume entitled ‘Civil Liability for Negligence: An Analysis of Cyberbullying Policies in South Australian Schools’. It highlights some of the original contributions made in the primary article before moving on to consider the importance of changing student norms about cyberbullying and victimisation generally. It identifies themes for future research that aims to change social norms around bystander intervention in instances of bullying and cyberbullying.
VAGUENESS, AUTONOMY, AND R V BROWN
Authors: Arnold David
Published: December 2016

This article comments on the article in this volume entitled ‘Is Society Still Shackled with the Chains of a 1993 England?: Consent, Sado-masochism and R v Brown’ by Jordan Moulds. It argues that the defence of consent should not be circumscribed to the extent that it was in Brown for three reasons: the first is based on maintaining the coherence of the law; the second arises from the importance of valuing the liberty of individuals in cases where a statute is vague; and the third is found in the value of autonomy. This comment argues in Part I that the criminal law and tort law should set the same threshold at which consent will no longer afford a defence. Part II draws on the theories of Raz, Fuller and Marmor argues that the liberty of individuals should not be so easily sacrificed where the statute allegedly governing the impugned behaviour is vague; and Part III concludes that the common law position on consent in New Zealand serves as an example of an acceptable balance between the autonomy of the victim and the role that the criminal law has to play in reducing threats to peace and order.
THE PROBLEMATIC JUDICIAL VIEW OF GENDER DIVERSITY
Authors: Rundle Olivia
Published: December 2016

This response to Ashleigh Bagshaw’s article in this volume entitled ‘Exploring the Implications of Gender Identification for Transgender People under Australian Law’ seeks to humanise the experiences that sit behind the judicial determination of gender recognition in case law. It argues that there is room for considerable improvement in the understanding that legal decision makers have about the lived experiences of gender independent people. The article begins in Part I by clarifying the distinction between sex and gender and points out that neither concept is binary. Part II explains some persistent problems with the judicial approach to the question of gender identity and tells the stories of the humans behind the cases. It concludes that the pathologised approach to gender independence places unnecessary obstacles in the way of people who could benefit from legal recognition of their gender identity.
ADOPTION IN ENGLAND AND WALES
Authors: Crichton Nick
Published: December 2016

This is a comment on the article by Stephen Gay in this volume entitled ‘The Choice Between Adoption and Foster Care as Child Protection Responses’ It aims to provide a different perspective on the relative merits of adoption and foster care. The article begins in Part I by outlining the historical and legislative context of adoption in England and Wales. Part II offers some observations on several different measures available in this jurisdiction aimed at ensuring that the interests of children are protected, including the Special Guardianship Order, which was introduced in 2005.
RESPONSE: SEX & GENDER DIVERSITY, AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LEGAL IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Bennett Theodore
Published: December 2016

This comment expands on three key issues raised by the argument put forward in on the article by Ashleigh Bagshaw in this volume entitled ‘Exploring the Implications of Gender Identification for Transgender People under Australian Law’. It points out that sex and gender diversity goes beyond transsexualism and explores the need to factor this insight into any future legal developments. It notes that the implications of any change to marriage law could be profound for sex and gender diverse people, and considers how change should best proceed. It concludes that the debates about the fine detail of legal regulation in this area beg the question of whether law should even be in the business of identifying and recording people’s sex/gender in the first place.
'Revenge Porn': A Victim Focused Response
Authors: Dickson Alyse
Published: December 2016

This article argues that the Australian Parliament should provide victims of revenge pornography with a victim focused response to enable the fast removal of intimate images from the internet and to mitigate the harm that the ongoing public access to the images can cause. Part I outlines the reasons why revenge pornography has created a new problem for the law. Part II addresses the existing legal remedies and Part III outlines the different approaches that the Australian Parliament could plausibly adopt. It argues that while criminal laws and civil remedies may assist, they do not provide efficient remedies for victims. The article concludes that the Australian Parliament should extend the powers of the Children’s e-Safety Commissioner to deal with adult victims as well as child victims and thereby facilitate the fast removal of revenge pornography from the internet.
Henry Responds To Dickson: ‘Revenge Porn’: A Victim Focused Response
Authors: Henry Nicola
Published: December 2016

This comment responds to Alyse Dickson’s article in this volume titled ‘Revenge Porn: A Victim Focused Response’. It summarises the difficulty that Australian law has encountered in keeping up with evolving behaviours with emergent digital technologies and provides recommendations for achieving the ‘victim focused response’ that Dickson argues for in her article. The comment begins in Part I by highlighting the problems caused by the term ‘revenge pornography’. Part II explores possible directions for future research and stresses the need for an interdisciplinary approach for any strategy to be truly effective. The comment concludes by arguing that a formal legal response in the form of criminal legislation in all jurisdictions should be implemented.
‘Setting The Boundaries Of Acceptable Behaviour’? South Australia's Latest Legislative Response To Revenge Pornography
Authors: Plater David
Published: December 2016

The complex contemporary issue of revenge pornography has attracted extensive media, law reform and academic commentary and concern, especially as to the perceived failures of both the civil and criminal law to keep up to date with social and technological changes and to adequately respond to this issue. This article considers the existing remedies under the criminal law to revenge pornography and examines the Summary Offences (Filming and Sexting Offences) Amendment Act 2016 (SA) that came into operation on 28 October 2016. The new Act updates and strengthens the criminal law in South Australia in this area. This article notes that the criminal law is not the exclusive means to address revenge pornography and that there is a need for a wider approach that includes effective civil legal remedies and education and cultural change. However, the criminal law still has a vital role to play in setting the boundaries of acceptable modern behaviour. In this light, it is argued that the new South Australian Act is a timely and welcome legislative addition in addressing revenge pornography.
Why Lawyers Should Not Be Mandated Reporters Of Child Abuse
Authors: Atkinson Matthew
Published: December 2016

This article comments on Vanessa Deverson’s article in this volume entitled ‘Child Abuse and Neglect: Mandatory Reporting and the Legal Profession’ which argues that lawyers should be mandated to report suspected child abuse and neglect. It argues that lawyers should not be required to report suspicions of child abuse or neglect. Part I offers a reflection on Deverson’s argument and Part II offers guidance on how lawyers should proceed in a responsible and ethical manner when confronted with child abuse and neglect.
Mandatory Notification of Child Abuse and Neglect: Perspectives From Psychology
Authors: Thompson Elise
Published: December 2016

This comment responds to the primary article by Vanessa Deverson in this volume by giving some insights into the problem of mandatory reporting from the perspective of psychology. Parts I and II provide a survey of the legal and ethical requirements imposed on psychologists to report suspected child abuse and neglect. The article then moves on in Part III to discuss the way that psychologists balance the need to maintain client confidentiality with their duties to report. The article argues that lawyers should have the option to report child abuse and neglect, but warns that, before any reporting of child abuse and neglect can be successful, a vast improvement in the management of notifications is essential.
Busness
Authors: Crawford Blyth Iona
Published: December 2016

No Abstract
The Race of the Vagina Monster
Authors: Anstock Clare Victoria
Published: December 2016

No Abstract
'Death' at the Grassmarket
Authors: Brownlie Jenny Thomson
Published: December 2016

no abstract
“There is no such thing as waste”: Redoing concepts of materials and values in the Shrub
Authors: Thomsen Anna Elisabeth , Dailly Damon , Assmann Laura
Published: December 2016

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Esperanza y miedo: una aproximación teórica a las emociones en la comunicación política
Authors: Tarullo Raquel
Published: December 2016

Los postulados de la filosofía occidental presentan a la razón y la emoción como dos fuerzas antagónicas. En Occidente, la razón ha tenido que imponerse por sobre la emoción para que las personas tomaran sus decisiones objetivamente. El planteo de Habermas sobre la dimensión racional de la esfera pública reafirma esta tendencia, al considerar que el dominio de lo público debe buscar un orden basado en principios racionales. Si bien en las investigaciones en ciencias sociales el racionalismo continúa predominando, se evidencia un giro en los abordajes, que incorporan el ámbito emocional para comprender fenómenos contemporáneos. Particularmente en la comunicación política, la aproximación a las emociones como objeto de estudio es aún incipiente. Sin embargo, nuevas perspectivas disciplinares permiten innovar en las líneas de investigación en este campo. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los principales postulados de la teoría de la inteligencia afectiva que, de la mano de la neurociencia, aportan otras miradas a los procesos de comunicación política.
Rebeliões metropolitanas e planejamento insurgente no século XXI
Authors: Holston James
Published: December 2016

A insurgência inaugurou o século XXI com uma série de rebeliões metropolitanas. Buenos Aires, Atenas, Reykjavik, Tunes, Cairo, New York, Madri, Phnom Penh, Istambul, São Paulo e inúmeras outras cidades ao redor do mundo rebelaram-se de formas diferentes, rejeitando as políticas existentes e assaltando o Estado com alternativas. Muitas dessas alternativas surgiram da própria produção da vida cotidiana urbana dos manifestantes e foram prefiguradas em seus próprios meios de assembleias e deliberação. Este artigo examina, por um lado, se essas rebeliões metropolitanas constituem um novo tipo de cidadania urbana insurgente que realizaria e demandaria novas formas de democracia direta, e, por outro, como elas podem inspirar um planejamento urbano insurgente. Esse exame é feito por meio da análise da interseção entre os processos de “fazer a cidade acontecer” (city-making), “ocupar espaços urbanos” (city-occupying) e “reivindicar direitos” (rights-claiming). Ademais, é-se considerada a transformação da esfera política e do planejamento por elas produzida.
Beyond the Jornadas de Junho: from the street demonstrations to the voice of the multitude – reflections on political exercises in public spaces in the era of networks
Authors: Baptista Piero Carapiá Lima , Espinoza José Carlos Huapaya
Published: December 2016

The month of June 2013 has entered the annals of recent Brazilian history, due to the street protests throughout the country’s major cities, which showcased facets of the country’s reality to a world already focused on Brazil, as it prepared to host the 2014 World Cup. The aim of this article is to summarize the manifestations, which took place in public spaces, contextualize them into recent Brazilian events, and demonstrate how they appeared as a consequence of the increasing loss of political voice in contemporary society due to globalization. This same phenomenon would seem to present its own possible solutions to the very problems it has created, such as those indicated by Milton Santos (2000), Hardt and Negri (2005), mostly through networked actions and the concept of “multitude”. However, having moved on a few years from the Jornadas de Junho, the particular dissensions and lack of clarity surrounding the demands reveal a horizon on which political participation is still vacillating and confused.
Appropriation and political expression in urban public spaces
Authors: Abrahão Sergio Luis
Published: December 2016

There are many, diverse issues that determine the relationship between citizens and their public urban spaces and, consequently, the significance that these spaces acquire for society as a whole. In totalitarian regimes however, the use of streets and parks as places of protest and resistance against sequestered freedom is not permitted. However, in democratic regimes, the reflections and discourse of architects, urbanists, researchers and policy makers regarding the manner in which public urban space is (or should be) appropriated by the population, has revealed a systematic reinterpretation of these spaces. Indeed, ever since the last decades of the past century, it has become recurrent to associate these physical spaces with the space of political realization. The intention of the present article is to bring the meaning of this association into debate, above all due to the insurgencies from certain segments of our population, which have taken place over recent years, manifestly in the streets, parks and avenues of our cities.