bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-Allyl-N-Methyl Piperidinium Bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide as a Co-Solvent in Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jun Hui , Li Cui Hua , Yang Bin Bin
Published: August 2013

Mixtures of an ionic liquid (IL) with organic solvents and a lithium salt have been studied in order to develop new electrolytes for lithium-ion cells with enhanced safety profiles. In this work, N-allyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PP1ATFSI) was synthesized and characterized to exhibit high decomposition temperature and wide electrochemical stability window. The evaluation of the coin cell LiFePO4/Li with the mixed electrolyte based on PP1ATFSI with 0.35mol/kg LiTFSI, and 30 wt% VC/DMC (1:1) shows a nice reversibility and cycle performances. All above prove that PP1ATFSI is one of the most promising safety electrolytes of Li-ion battery.
Solvent Recovery of Silica Aerogel Monoliths Synthesis and Adsorption of Trivalent Chromium Ions
Authors: Zhu Jian Jun , Wei Wei , Wu Yin Yin , Xie Ji Min , Chen Min
Published: August 2013

SiO2 aerogel monoliths were prepared at ambient pressure by keeping the volume ratio of TEOS: EtOH: Oxalic acid at 1:0.6:0.2 with sol-gel method. The prepared aerogels were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET).The result indicated that silica aerogel monoliths synthesized via these conditions had a excellent structure and fascinating properties (bulk density of 0.254 g/cm3, specific surface area of 770.5 m2/g). Deionized water and calcium chloride anhydrous were used to recover n-hexane to reduce the cost of aerogel synthesis. The purity of recycled n-hexane could reach up to 98.5%.The uptaken rate of Cr3+ by aerogels was as high as 99.25% with the pH of 6.86, adsorption time of 20h.
Factors Influencing Coking Waste Water by Three-Dimensional Electrode
Authors: Jia Ya Nan , Hao Su Ju , Jiang Wu Feng , Zhang Yu Zhu , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2013

Three-dimensional electrode treating coking waste water was studied in the experiment, which is widely used in treating organic waste water. The high carbon-bearing metallized pellets was used as the third electrode of three-dimensional electrode reactor. Factors of three-dimensional electrode including residence time, voltage and air flux were studied. It was shown that all of the above mentioned factors have effect on coking wastewater. And also the optimal parameters were obtained in the experiment.
The Preparation and Characterization of ABC-Shaped Star Copolymer of MPEG-PCL-PBLG
Authors: Geng Dian Guang , Chuan Yong Ming , Li Li Li , Yuan Ming Long
Published: August 2013

A novel biodegradable ABC-shaped star copolymer, poly (ethylene glycol)(PEG)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL)-poly-c-poly (ɤ-benzyl-L-glutamic acid)(PBLG)(MPEG-PCL-PBLG), was synthesized by the graft polymerization of MPEG-NH2 with the core of Boc-LYSZ-COOH and the twice ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) and N-carboxyanhydride of ɤ-benzyl-L-glutamate (BLGNCA) with centrally amino-functionalized lysine as a initiator. The ABC-shaped star copolymer and its precursors were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and DSC-TG measurements.
Research on the Technology and Mechanism of Inhibiting Stickies of Blanket by Enzyme Treatment
Authors: Ren Jie , Zhao Chuan Shan , Yu Dong Mei
Published: August 2013

The stickies in pulp and paper machinery especially in the blankets will cause a lot of problems such as paper defects, increasing the time of machine shut down . Therefore, Inhibiting the Stickies of blanket is very important to regular production. In this study,we mainly studied on the inhibition of Stickies in the blanket with enzyme. The processed blanket was treated by several kinds of enzymes. The results showed that the optimum enzyme treatment conditions were obtained as followings:PH of 7, temperature of 50°C, 2×104U/g of cellulose enzyme, 2×103U/g of amylase and 104U/g of lipase. The blankets obtained better cleaning situation under this conditions.
Evaluation the Influence of Soil Solution Chemistry on Soluble Nickel Toxicity to Bok Choy
Authors: Zhang Xiao Qing , Li Ju Mei , Li Bo , Ma Yi Bing , Huang Zhan Bin
Published: August 2013

Nickel (Ni) is an essential element for plants but it is toxic at large concentrations. In the present study, bioassays of bok choy were taken in 17 Chinese soils with different properties and climate characteristics to evaluate the toxicity of soil soluble nickel (Ni) toxicity in soil pore water to bok choy. The tested soils were spiked with 8 levels of soluble Ni chloride with or without leaching treatments. The effective soluble Ni concentrations that caused 10% root growth inhibition (EC10) and 50% inhibition (EC50) varied widely from 0.05 to 2.1 mg/L and from 0.13 to 7.6 mg/L in 17 unleached soils, represented 41.8 to 58.5 folds differences, and from 0.08 to 2.2 mg/L and from 0.47 to 4.5 mg/L in leached soils, represented 27 to 9.6 folds differences. It indicated that the soil soluble properties greatly influenced Ni toxicity to bok choy. However, soluble Ni toxicity thresholds were not significantly decreased in 15 soils. Regression models between soil solution properties and phytotoxicity threshold values were developed. The model showed that soil solution Mg2+K+ and electrical conductivity (EC) were the important factors affecting Ni toxicity on bok choy, and meanwhile they were positively related to the toxicity thresholds. These quantitative relationships could be used for the risk assessment of Ni in terrestrial environment in China.
Methods of Porous Biomedical Material Fabrication
Authors: Yang Hai Li , Xu Hong , Wu Ye Kang , Tang Guo Zhang , Zhang Yu Zhu , Li Yun Gang
Published: August 2013

The development history of biomedical titanium alloy was reviewed in this paper. Because of high recovery strain, low stiffness facilitating integration with bone structures and good market potential of porous biomedical material, the most common methods for fabricating porous biomedical material were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods were summarized from the aspects of process route, reaction mechanism and porosity. The main direction for further studies in this field was also suggested.
Optimization of Determination Conditions for Protease in Landfill
Authors: Jiang Hai Tao , Qiu Zhong Ping , Liu Yang , Gong Zheng Jun , Liu Yuan Yue
Published: August 2013

Protease was a key hydrolase in nitrogen transformation in landfill. The activity could show transformation states of nitrogen, that had important significance to study the biotransformation of organic nitrogenous substances in landfill. This paper designed six factors and five levels (L25 (56)) orthogonal test to measure the activity of protease in landfill. The results showed that the optimal experimental conditions for protease in landfill were 16h of culture period, 30°C of culture temperature, 6mL 1% casein, 0.3mL toluol, 0.2mL 0.1N H2SO4 and 1.5mL 20% Na2SO4. The experimental results were 84.23% to 368.86% more compared with that by the method of traditional method. In the optimized tests, the Relatively Standard Deviation (RSD) was less than 3.37%, and average recovery rates was 97.15%. The result showed the designed optimal experiments could provide more accurate and stable experimental data.
Salidroside Inhibits Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Cytotoxicity of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Xing Yu , Jin Lian Hai , Wang Dong Jun , Xu Bin , Zhang Wei , Luo Zheng Li
Published: August 2013

To explore the protective effects of salidroside against endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -induced cytotoxicity in human endothelial cells (EVC-304). EVC-304 cells were incubated in the presence or absence of low steady states of H2O2 (34μM) generated by glucose oxidase (GOX) with or without salidroside. MTT assays were performed, together with flow cytometric analysis using propidium (PI) label. The results indicated that salidroside could attenuate H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in EVC-304 cells in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis revealed that salidroside could also inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by endogenous hydrogen. The present study demonstrates that salidroside could inhibit endogenous hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity of endothelial cells .
How to Represent Respiratory System take Pathology into Account
Authors: He Zhong Hai , Li Chuan Xi , Yang Ni , Ma Zhen He
Published: August 2013

In this paper nonlinear phenomenon of respiratory system is analyzed. Airway is partitioned into four parts by different morphology which causes different fluid dynamic character. Reasons that cause nonlinear phenomenon for different parts are given. To simplify the representation corresponding parameters is selected to compromise complicity and precision. Finally the suggested representation of respiratory system is summarized so that the model can be used easily in lung simulator.
Comparison of Porosity Improvement of Silk Fibroin Membrane Using Polyethylene Glycol and Glutaraldehyde for Increasing Oxygen Permeability
Authors: Ratanasongtham Pacharawan , Watanesk Ruangsri , Watanesk Surasak
Published: August 2013

Biomaterial is one of the good candidates for porous membrane preparation according to its environmental friendliness. In this work, the porous membranes of silk fibroin (SF) were prepared by solution casting with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glutaraldehyde (GTA) aiming to improve the porosity and oxygen permeability of SF membrane. The conformation of SF was changed from random coil to β sheet form after treatment with MeOH. The interaction existing between SF chains and both PEG and GTA were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The addition of PEG could produce more porosity in the membrane than GTA confirmed by their morphology observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the swelling behavior of the SF-PEG and SF-GTA membranes depended on the porous structure of the membrane which directly correlated to their oxygen permeability. The porosity of the SF membranes increased with the increase of PEG and GTA contents up to 40% and 3%w/w, respectively. After that, their porosity decreased as seen through the SEM and water swelling results. In addition, the SF-PEG membrane turned out to have higher degrees of both porosity and oxygen permeability than the SF-GTA membrane which related to its water swelling behavior.
The Microstructure and Swelling Properties of Laminated HAp/CS Hydrogels
Authors: Zuo Gui Fu , Lun Hui Dong , Gao Gui Jing , Song Yu Hua
Published: August 2013

Lamellar inorganic materials such as MMT and LDH are expected to improve swelling-deswelling behavior and fatigue property of CS. In this study, laminated hydroxyapatite (HAp)/ chitosan (CS) composite hydrogels with different HAp contents (0, 1%, 2%, 3%) were prepared by means of solution intercalation in this paper. Swelling/deswelling test indicates that 3HAp/CS hydrogel shows the best swelling/deswelling property which is ideal for large drug loading and slow drug release. The intercalated strucure of 3HAp/CS hydrogel was confirmed by TEM investigation.
Experimental Investigation on Coking Characteristics of China RP-3 Kerosene under High Temperature and Long-Duration Conditions
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhou Jin , Pan Yu , Wang Hui
Published: August 2013

Coking characteristics of China RP-3 under high temperature (above 650°C) and long-duration (20 minutes) conditions, especially the effects of temperature, pressure, and inner diameter of cooling channels on coking amount were experimentally investigated. Temperature of kerosene in experiments varied from 650°C to 730°C, pressure varied from 1.8MPa to 3.5MPa, and the mass flow rate was approximately 120g/min. Results showed that temperature has a significant influence on coking amount. Even a small increment of temperature induces remarkable coke formation. However, pressure and inner diameter of the tube has a relatively little effect on it. The coking amount increases as pressure and inner diameter increase, but the increasing rate is decreasing. It is considered that inner diameter mainly affects residence time. When residence time increases to some extent, coking amount begins to grow slowly even stop increasing. This is resulted from two reasons. Firstly, the cracking conversion percentage reaches an upper limit when residence time is adequately long; secondly, coke gradually covers the inner wall of the tube, leading to isolation of kerosene from the metal surface to form coking.
The Research of Mineralizers of the Silicon-chrome-Green Pigment
Authors: Zhang Hong Yan , Wang Jin Hua , Wang Li Li , Du Jiao
Published: August 2013

The Silicon-chrome-green Pigment is synthesized with solid reaction process, and is tested by XRD. Influence of mineralizer on color and mechanism of action are discussed. The variety and content of mineralizer which suit the Silicon-chrome-green Pigment are determined.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Arylamine-Acetylene Bridged Tetrahedral Cobalt and Iron Carbonyl Clusters
Authors: Jia Rui , Xu Hai Yan , Feng Qi , Li Wen Bao , Zhu Bao Hua
Published: August 2013

Four new arylamine-acetylene bridged tetrahedral iron and cobalt carbonyl clusters, [Co2(CO)4(μ-CO)2(η2, μ-TMSCCPh)2N 1, [Fe2(CO)6(μ-CO)(η2, μ-TMSCCPh)NH(PhCC TMS)] 2, [(Co2(CO)6(η2, μ-TMSCCPh))3 3 and [(Fe2(CO)6(μ-CO)(η2, μ-TMSCCPh))2N(Ph CCTMS)] 4, were obtained by reactions of Co2(CO)8 and Fe3(CO)12 with the bis [4-((trimethylsilyl) ethynyl) phenyamine and tris [4-((trimethylsilyl) ethynyl) phenyamine compounds in suitable solvent, respectively. All clusters are confirmed by C/H elemental analysis, MS, 1HNMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical and optical properties of some clusters were also determined by cyclic voltammogram (CV) analysis and UV-Vis spectra.
Preliminary Study on the New Dual-Bed Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production System
Authors: Liang Hui Rong , Guo Lie Jin , Yan Wei , Liu Yi Liang
Published: August 2013

A new dual-bed photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction system is proposed in this paper. In this dual-bed system, one bed is photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction bed in which I- is oxidized into I2 by a hole and H+ is reduced to H2 by an electron, and the other is the hole-sacrificed agent regeneration bed in which I- is regenerated by reducing I2 with Cu2O. The two reaction beds are connected with two constant flow pumps to form a circulation loop. The hole-sacrificed agent I- can always be renewable by circulating the reaction solution between dual beds. The dual-bed reaction system achieves to produce hydrogen continuously, steadily and efficiently.
Preparation and Properties of Gadolinium Homoleptic Double-and Triple-Decker Complexes Containing Tetrabenzoporphyrin Ligand
Authors: Liu Qi Feng
Published: August 2013

Two novel gadolinium sandwich-type complexes containing tetrabenzoporphyrin (TBP) ligands-Gd (TBP)2 and Gd (TBP)3 were prepared from porphyrin 1 and Gd (acac)3. nH2O under Ar by boiling 1, 2, 4-Tcb for 15~17h and 45~48 h respectively. Their structures are characterized by Uv-Vis, HR-MS and IR. The spectroscopic studies show that their longest-wavelength visible and near-IR absorption bands are obviously red-shifted due to the extension of the π conjugated systems in the TBP ring. The magnetic studies indicate that the observed value of χMT for Gd (TBP)2 is close to the combined value of Gd (III) and porphyrin radical anion at room temperature and that antiferromagnetic interaction possibly results from the intramolecular spin exchange between the porphyrin π-radical electron and that the gadolinium f unpaired electrons dominates its magnetic properties over the whole temperature range while there is no magnetic interactions between two Gd (III) ions in Gd (TBP)3 in the range from room temperature down to 20K and very weak antiferromagnetic coupling exsits between two Gd (III) ions below 20K.
Oxidation Kinetics of Magnesium Sulfite in Presence of Synthesized Solid Catalyst
Authors: Wang Li Dong , Guo Jing Xian , Xu Pei Yao , Yang Xiao , Li Qiang Wei
Published: August 2013

In the present paper, a bubbling reactor is employed to investigate the macroscopical kinetics of magnesium sulfite oxidation in presence of the solid catalysts. A synthesized solid metal catalyst M was selected by performance comparison, which had significant catalytic effect on the oxidation rate of magnesium sulfite. The experimental results indicated that the reaction orders are 0 and 0.61 with respect to magnesium sulfite concentration and oxygen partial pressure. Moreover the apparent activation energy of the reaction is 10.66 KJ/mol. Thus a useful reference is provided for recycle of byproduct by catalyzed oxidation in magnesia desulphurization.
The Magnetisc Study of the ZnO Thin Film with Defects
Authors: Lan Zhi Huan , Zhang Hui Feng , Tian Chun Yan
Published: August 2013

The electronic structures of ZnO were calculated by using a accurate full-potential linerized plane-wave and supercell method. To research on the influence of the intrinsic defects such as O vacancies and Zn vacancies on the magnetism of ZnO thin film, we built 2x2x2 supercells of ZnO, Zn16O15 and Zn15O16. The results indicate that the pure ZnO and ZnO with O vacancies are non-magnetic, but ZnO with Zn acancies is magnetic. The magnetism originates from the spin-polarized O atoms around the Zn vacancy. We can draw a conclusion that Zn vacancies are the origin of magnetism in ZnO films.
Effect of H2 on Microstructures and Properties of AlN Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Jiang Chuan , Zhou Ling Ping , Peng Kun , Zhu Jia Jun , Li De Yi
Published: August 2013

Polycrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited by pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering in the mixed gas of argon, nitrogen and hydrogen. The deposited films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, AFM, UV-vis spectroscopy and scratch test. The results show that hydrogen significantly affects the microstructures and properties of AlN films. The preferred orientation of AlN thin film transforms from c-axis to a-axis with the increase of hydrogen content. The mean transmittance and adhesive strength increases obviously when AlN films was deposited at high hydrogen content atmosphere.
The Influences of Oxygen Content on Microstructures and Optical Properties of Al2O3 Films Deposited by Oxygen Ion Beam Assisted Pulse Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wang Jin Xiao , Wang Zhi Min , Wang Yi , Zhao Kai , Su Xiao Mei , Wang Hu , Feng Yu Dong
Published: August 2013

Al2O3 films have been deposited at room temperature on polyimide substrates using oxygen ion beam assisted pulse reactive magnetron sputtering system in which aluminium sputtering is simultaneous with oxygen ion beam irradiation. A set of samples were prepared at different oxygen content and film characterizations have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for film crystallization, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface morphology, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental composition measurements and chemical bonding states. The films are smoother and near stoichiometric aluminum oxide as oxygen content increases up to 86%. All films are kept in amorphous structure. The optical properties of the films showed sensitive with oxygen content. Transparent films of refractive index 1.63 are obtained with a deposition rate as high as 70.3 nm/min by 86% oxygen ion beam assisted, which is about 5 times than the films by conventional reactive magnetron sputtering.
Physico-Mechanical Properties of the Cr-C and Mo-C Coatings
Authors: Stepanova Е.A. , Pobol I.L. , Rajczyk J.
Published: August 2013

The investigation of physico-mechanical properties of metal-carbon (Cr-C and Mo-C) coatings obtained using pulsed vacuum arc deposition has been carried out. Changing the arc discharge pulse repetition rate of the individual plasma sources equipped with metal and graphite cathodes allows significant varying of the composition, surface roughness and friction coefficient of the coatings. When reducing the pulse repetition rate in metal plasma source from 10 Hz to 5 Hz while retaining that constant in carbon source, the metal content in the coating can be decreased from 30 at.% to 2 at. % with increasing the surface roughness by a factor of 3.5. The tribological investigations of Cr-C and Mo-C coatings under the dry friction conditions showed the uniform adhesive wear of the coating upper layers. The coefficient of friction measured against steel counterbody was in the range of 0.08 to 0.1. However, in this case Mo-C coatings were more wear-resistant than Cr-C coatings.
A Novel Method for the Measurement of Slight Wear
Authors: Yang Jian Hua , Ma Xing Jian , Rong Lu Fei , Liu Bo , Yu Jia Yan , Zhang Jing
Published: August 2013

The characterization of surface wear resistance of materials usually relies on the measurement of slight wear. There are two obvious shortcomings for weighing method. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a more intuitive and reliable method for quantitative measurement of slight wear, interference microscope method, has be given. Higher accuracy (the order of micrometer) can be achieved using the interferometry for the measurement of slight wear. The results show that the masking processing technology can ensure that all samples for wear testing and other analysis are obtained under the same pretreatment conditions and vacuum processing conditions, speed up the commercialization of processing technology, and comparing the cross-sectional areas of wear scars is a correct way to characterize the wear resistance of different zones.
The Preparation and Microstructure of DLC Films Deposited through Plasma Electrodeposition in Water/Ethanol Solution
Authors: Huang Feng , Luo Bei Ping , Xu You , Yu Hong Xia , Wu Hu
Published: August 2013

On the copper substrate the DLC films is preparated by plasma elcctrodeposition in methanol aqueous solution. The plating solution composition: alcohol water proportion is 4:1, the additive KCl content is 3g/L and the AlCl3 is trace amounts. The influence of the current density and the electrode spacing to the electrode surface bubble zone thickness, uniformity and stability are discussed in the article. The film surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thickness of the film D=30, 350, 410 and 380 nm. The deposition rate K=150, 175, 205 and 190 nm/h. The polycrystalline structure of the film can be observed through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern., the characteristic peak of the (111),(200) and (220) crystal plane are observed at 2θ= 43.9°,50.9°and75.3°. The high carbon content is observed by EDX analysis.
Dynamic Simulation of Heating Situation of Spraying Powder
Authors: Yue Zhi Xin , Che Juan Nong
Published: August 2013

According to the peculiarities of repairing of coke oven the spraying coating of normal temperature was used. The energy of the coke oven was used by the spraying powder to adhere to the wall of coke oven. The heating time equation of spraying powder has been deduced from thermal radiation equation, and the computer simulated calculation of heating time which is programmed is based on this equation. The possibility of spraying coating reacting in short time and adhering to the coke oven is speculated. The result of adhering of the spraying powder was proved.
Effect of Stabilizers on Electromagnetic Property of Electroless Ni Coating on Aluminum Powder
Authors: Li Zhe , Xia Zhi Dong , Wang Xiao Ya
Published: August 2013

Nickel-coated aluminum powders used as conductive fillers were prepared with different stabilizers added in electroless plating bath. Their Electrical conductivity and magnetoconductivity were measured to evaluate the effect of stabilizers on Nickel-coated aluminum powders. The results suggested that the electrical conductivity of Ni-coated aluminum powder was dependent on the variety and content of stabilizers while the magnetoconductivity was irrelevant to the stabilizers. It was proved that the concentration and variety of stabilizer had different influence on the microstructure of coating and changed the electrical conductivity of Ni-coated aluminum powder thereby.
Study of Metal Friction Materials Using Hot Press
Authors: Luo Shenq Yih , Bai Can Yu
Published: August 2013

The metal friction materials of copper matrix with and without resin using hot press were investigated to study their hardness, porosities, bending strengths, microstructures, coefficient of frictions, and wear mechanisms. The experiment results show that the hardness and bending strength of the friction materials with increase of amount of copper increase, but the porosity decreases. The resulting coefficient of frictions show more stable and their values are about 0.5~0.6. In addition, the wear mechanism of friction material shows mainly grit abrasive and adhesion, which cause the coefficient of friction to become stable. On the other hand, when the copper matrix containing resin is used, the resulting porosity of friction materials becomes higher and the bending strength decreases. This shows that the wear mechanisms of grit abrasive, roughness, and adhesion cause the coefficient of friction to produce a higher value.
Effect of N2 Flow on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of CrNx Coatings
Authors: Nie Guo Zheng , Zhong Chun Liang , Luo Lan E , Zhou Ren Long , Liu Qiang
Published: August 2013

A series of CrNx coatings were deposited by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, the hardness and oxidation resistance of the thin films were characterized respectively with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoindentor. The effect of N2 flow on the microstructure, the hardness and oxidation resistance was studied. It was found that the CrNx film has two phases, the conformation of hcp-Cr2N (hexagonal structure) and fcc-CrN (face-centered cubic). In CrNx film phase structure, with N2 flow increasing, there is the conformation of CrNx films transition from Cr2N to Cr2N and CrN mixed phase, the final CrN single-phase. A single phase of CrNx films has very high hardness while thin film as mixed phase showed a low hardness. CrN has better oxidation resistance with the oxidation resistance temperature of 500°C to 600°C compared to Cr2N. Comparison of Cr2N and CrN on the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance, CrN has better comprehensive performance for protective hard coatings.
Failure Analysis on Boiler Industrial Extraction Steam Pipe
Authors: Xu Xue Xia , Feng Yan Ting , Wang Yong , Ke Hao , Niu Xiao Guang , Hao Xiao Jun
Published: August 2013

Failure reason of boiler extraction steam pipe was discussed by means of macro-observation, chemical composition analysis, metallurgical and SEM microstructure examination and EDS analysis. Results showed that the crack initiated from original corrosion flaw on outer wall of the extraction pipe, propagated rapidly under large pressure caused by water-hammer due to no drainage design in the unit pipe system until final bursting.
Influence of the Cathodic Charging Current on Electrochemical Behaviors of X80 Steel in an Simulated Acidic Soil Solution
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Jing , Hu Qian , Huang Feng
Published: August 2013

The electrochemical behaviors of X80 steel under different charging current in an acidic soil solution were investigated by open circuit potential, potentiodynamic scan and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that cathodic charging promotes the formation of corrosion product on the electrode surface, accordingly, the OCP changes slightly. The hydrogen ions on electrode surface are exhausted during the charging process, therefore the cathodic reaction is restrained meanwhile the anodic process iron dissolution increases. EIS result shows that the corrosion rate under OCP was inhibited by cathodic charging. However, the anodic process was enhanced by charging under-0.4 VSCE.
The Pore Structure Multifractal Research of Low Silicon Sinter
Authors: Zhang Qing Jun , Liu Qing , Yan Chun Liang , Zhang Yu Zhu
Published: August 2013

With the combination of fractal theory and metallurgical properties of low silicon sinter, the influence of metallurgical properties in different content of R, MgO, SiO2 and C is analyzed on the condition of existing experiment and fuel, and by using the mercury intrusion machine it measured the volume of micro-pore structure after broken of low silicon sinter; and it combined with the multifractal theory measured multifractal spectrum for the pore structure, which is established the relationship between with the metallurgical properties and fractal theory.
Flash Synthesis of Tetragonal-ZrO2 Nanostructures by Microwave-Induced Combustion Process
Authors: Xu Yan Qin , Du Sheng Wu , Gao Jun , Cao Yuan , Chen Chang Guo , Xian Xiao Hong
Published: August 2013

The synthesis used urea and Zr (NO3)4·5H2O as material to prepare tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystals through microwave-induced combustion process. The tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of Zr4+/urea molar ratio on the synthesis of tetragonal-ZrO2 were studied. It was found that tetragonal-ZrO2 crystal would be better when the Zr4+/urea molar ratio was larger than 1:3.The SEM images of the samples showed the hollow structures formed at different levels of molar ratio of Zr4+/urea. This method is a simple but effective route to prepare tetragonal-ZrO2 nanocrystals.
Optimization of Shot-Peening Conditions and Wave Profiles to Improve Durability of Wave Cushion Spring
Authors: Seo Tae Il , Song Byeong Uk , Jeong Youn Seung
Published: August 2013

This study presents a determination procedure of optimal shot-peening process conditions, wave profiles and thickness in order to precisely control and improve durability and fatigue life of wave cushion springs assembled into automobile automatic transmission clutch. For this shot-peening process, residual stress analysis was applied under various conditions. Experimental works were conducted to evaluate proposed approach by using X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement tester. It could be expected that this study provided guideline for wave spring optimal design and improving fatigue life.
Study on Coiled Fiber Height Distribution of Variable Cashmere Surface
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Jian Zhong , Li Long
Published: August 2013

The study on variable cashmere of pilling is a worldwide problem. The cashmeres pilling performance more complex due to the influence of subjective and objective factors in the environment, nutrition, genetics, rearing methods, and difficulties. Coiled fibers of variable cashmere sweater surface have a certain impact to the cashmere sweater pilling characteristics. The tests showed that the distribution of the coiled fiber height appear a single peak shape. The height of the coiled fiber is generally concentrated in the range of 1.5~1.8mm, and more pronounced decline as the number of fibers altitude increases. Especially in the range of 0~1 mm the more closer to the cashmere sweater surface, more coiled fiber existed. The tests showed that the parts exist in the coiled fibers pilling more serious, while pilling phenomenon appear on fewer parts, less present to quantity of coiled fibers and the height of the coiled fiber. Study on the height distribution of coil fibers is necessary.
Effect of Subsoiling Cultivation on Corn in Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province
Authors: Gu Jian , Yin Guang Hua , Hao Liang , Cong Pei Fei , Li Gui Fang , Liu Zuo Xin
Published: August 2013

The effect of subsoiling on corn in dryland farming was discussed. The results showed that corn yields were higher increased compared subsoiling with traditional cultivation, especially in the rainfall less year. At same time, crop water consumption was not increased with the increased in output of the corn. The output of small amount of water increases actually. Water use efficiency was affected not only by the impact of water consumption, but also by the depth and cycles of subsoiling cultivating. Under certain conditions of the impact of the water consumption, the appropriate subsoiling cultivation cycle and depth could not significantly increase production, however, significantly increase water use efficiency.
Internal Stress Calculations of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites under Transverse Loads
Authors: Li Yan Ru , Cheng Zhong Qing , Jiang Hai Bo
Published: August 2013

The internal stress calculation of continuous fiber reinforced composites under transverse loads is a complex problem. This paper established a stress calculation model based on "equal strain method", which greatly simplify the formula derivation. Three internal stress formulas under the transverse loads were derived based on the model. The first is the fiber stress formula, which shows that the ratio of fiber stress to load gradually decreases with increasing of fiber volume fraction. The second is the matrix stress formula, which shows the ratio of matrix stress to load gradually increases with increasing of fiber volume fraction. The third is the formula of average shear stress at the interface of fiber and matrix, which curve shows there is a maximum value of interfacial shear stress. The three formulas have important role for checking intensity.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers on Iron and Copper Catalysts by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Hyun Yura , Kim Haesik , Lee Chang Seop
Published: August 2013

In this study, carbon nanofibers were synthesized on iron and copper catalysts by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). Investigation was made with respect to variation on thickness and surface of fibers based on concentration of iron and copper. In order to prepare metal catalysts of respective synthesis, iron nitrate and copper nitrate were calculated in proportion to weight ratio and then dissolved into distilled water. Obtained catalyst precipitates were filtered and then dried for more than 24 hours at 110°C. Carbon nanofibers were composed by using ethylene gas of carbon source through CVD after pulverization of fully dried catalyst precipitates. Analysis through SEM was made in order to investigate structural characteristics of composed carbon nanofibers, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted on elements through EDS. In addition, crystalline analysis was made on carbon nanofibers through XRD and Raman, and specific surface area measurement was carried on carbon nanofibers composed through BET.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers on C-Fiber Textiles by Thermal CVD Using Fe Catalyst
Authors: Lee Sang Won , Mees Karina , Park Ho Seon , Willert-Porada Monika , Lee Chang Seop
Published: August 2013

This research was conducted to synthesize carbon nanofibers on C-fiber textiles by thermal CVD using Fe catalyst. The substrate which was a carbon textile consisting of non woven carbon fibers and attached graphite particles, was oxidized by nitric acid before the deposition process. Hydroxyl groups were created on the C-fiber textile due to the oxidization step. Fe (III) hydroxide was subsequently deposited on the oxidized surface of the C-fiber textile. To deposit ferric particles two different methods were tested: i) deposition-precipitation, ii) dip-coating. For the experiments using both type of catalyst deposition the weight ratio of Fe to C-fiber textile was also varied. Ferric particles were reduced to iron after deposition by using H2/N2 gas and CNFs were grown by flowing ethylene gas. Properties of carbon nanofibers created like this were analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), N2-sorption (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectoscopy (XPS). In the case of deposition-precipitation method the result shows that the diameter of carbon nanofibers grew up to 40~60nm and 30~55nm at which the weight ratios of Fe catalyst to C-fiber textiles are 1:30 and 1:70 respectively. If Fe particles were deposited by dip-coating method, the diameter of carbon nanofibers grew up to 40~60nm and 25~30nm for the ratios of Fe catalyst to C-fiber textiles 1:10 and 1:30.
Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Precipitation Method Synthesis
Authors: Li Jin Huan , Hao Jun Hui , Wang Wei
Published: August 2013

In this experiment, nanotitanium dioxide photocatalyst are prepared by treatment of a mixed solution of TiCl4 and NH3·H2O. The conditions of synthesis catalyst are studied according to drying methods and roasting temperatures. The crystal phase of prepared powders is studied by XRD and FT-IR. At last we discussed photocatalysis activity of TiO2. The results show that the best roasting temperature is 500 °C and the optimal drying method is microwave drying.
A Study of Optimum Conditions for Electrospinning Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers in Trifluoroacetic Acid Solvent
Authors: Omollo Edison , Zhang Chu Yang , Liu Wan Jun , Sizo Ncube
Published: August 2013

Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were electrospun in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) under various conditions of concentration, voltage and dope flow rate while tip to collector distance (TCD) kept constant. Results showed that concentrations lower than 8 wt. % could only be electrospun at low flow rates. Bead free fibers were easily electrospun from higher CA concentrations 13 wt. % to 15 wt. %. Concentrations greater than 15 wt. % formed a viscous solution that could not be uniformly dispersed, thus impeding electrospinning. Medium voltage 20KV was found to produce good fibers while flow rates of 0.5ml/h and above, produced non-uniform fibers with a wide range. Average fiber diameters of 104nm and 129nm were formed at 13 wt. % and 15 wt. % (0.4ml/h, 20KV) respectively.
Study on Morphology and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Modified Polycarbonate
Authors: Shen Teng Fei , Wu Fa Chao
Published: August 2013

In this work, a series of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polycarbonate (PC) composites were prepared. A combined experimental of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to study on the morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of MWNT/PC composites as a function of MWNT aspect ratio. The results showed that smaller aspect ratio nanotubes lead to greater broadening of the loss modulus peak in frequency space, however, there was no effect of aspect ratio on the glass transition temperature. The breadth of the loss modulus peak was found to correlate with the free space parameter, a measure of the spacing between the MWNTs. These results shed light on the separate impacts of aspect ratio, dispersion, and interface modification on the viscoelastic behavior of prepared MWNT/PC composites.
Study on Process of SPHC Steel Solidification
Authors: Ma Xue Gang , Li Yuan Liang , Sang Rong Li , Shen Yi
Published: August 2013

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in situ observation of the solidification process of SPHC Steel and SPHC steel solidification structure changes. The results showed that: SPHC steel in the molten state, the surface of the melt flow of black substance; and with the temperature decreasing, SPHC gradually solidified dendrites continue to grow, increasing new nuclear the dendritic structure continue to refine, to δ-Fe and γ-Fe crystalline phase from the melt.
Study on the Preparation of Carbon-Containing Pellets from the Mixed Ore of V-Ti Iron Concentrate and Titanium Concentrate
Authors: Li Jun Han , Qiu Ke Hui , Yang Shao Li , Sun Ning , Huang Ping
Published: August 2013

The preparation of pellets with taking the iron concentrate and titanium concentrate as the raw materials, the pulverized coal as the reducing agent and the CMC as the binder were researched in this paper. It was deduced from the orthogonal experiment results that the impact of quantities of binders on the compressive strength is the greatest, carbon ratio takes the second place, water content takes the third place, and pressure the least; the impact of the water content on the drop numbers is the greatest, pressure takes the second place, carbon ratio takes the third place and quantities of binders the least. Suitable parameters of forming process are ore ratio is 1:1, quantities of binders is 2.5%, carbon ratio is 18%, water content is 8% and pressure is 16 MPa.
Dephosphorization by Slag Pour out in the Smelting for High Carbon 70 Steel
Authors: Liu Yong Bei , Zhang Jin Zhu , Liu Yong Lin , Gao Chang Yi
Published: August 2013

Dephosphorization is one of key goals for converter to smelt high carbon steel. The chemical equation of dephosphorization reaction and the expression of phosphors distribution between slag and steel were deduced on fundamental of metallurgical thermodynamics and the steelmaking situation of Shougang Shuicheng Iron and Steel (Group) Co. Ltd. The rerults showed that the dephosphorus capcaty of slag increases with the increase of the content of FeO in slag, but decreases with the increase of temperature. Compared with the single slag operation, the total weight of slag met the dephosphorus requirement by the double slag process for high carbon 70 steel in 100t convert can be decreased to 80%.
The Bentonite Copolymer Composite for Removing Lead Ions
Authors: He Wen Juan , He Yu Feng , Zhang Zhen Hua , Guo Ju Hua , Wang Rong-Min
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a new kind of clay copolymer adsorbent, bentonite compositing with maleic anhydride (MAH)-acrylic acid (AA)-vinyl acetate (VAc) copolymer (NaB/PMAV) was prepared by in-situ polymerization. It was used as polymer adsorbent for removing Pb (II) ions in wastewater.. Under the optimal condition of adsorption, the removal rate reached to 94.4% and the adsorption capacity got to 235.9 mg/g. Adsorption dynamics were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and isotherm model can meet the Langmuir isotherm.
Preparation of Mullite-Aluminum Titanate-Cordierite Multiphase Ceramics
Authors: Zhao Ying Na , Chang Gang , Liu Gang , Song Hai Bo , Zhang Wen Li
Published: August 2013

Mullite-aluminum titanate-cordierite multiphase ceramics were prepared by high alumina clinker, Aluminum Titanate and Cordierite. The sintering property and thermal shock resistance of composite materials were tested. The experimental results show that the sinter property and themal shock resistance of Mullite-aluminum titanate-cordierite multiphase ceramics are relatively preferably, which the materials composition are 30 wt.% high alumina clinker, 60 wt.% cordierite and 10 wt.% aluminum titanate. The component samples show porosity of 33.17%, volume density 1.9 % and normal temperature flexural strength 20.66 MPa. Thermal residual flexural strength of the samples is still as high as 10.29 Mpa by 5 times thermal residual tests, and there are only little flexural strength lower after three times earthquake test.
Dielectric Properties of Na2O Doped Cao-B2O3-SiO2 System Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Wei Peng Fei
Published: August 2013

The behavior of dielectric and microwave properties against sintering temperature was been carried out on CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics with Na2O addition by XRD and SEM. The results show that 0.5 wt.% Na2O addition is advantageous to improve the dielectric and microwave properties due to increasing the major crystalline CaSiO3. With further increasing Na2O content, α-SiO2 is the predominant crystalline phase instead of CaSiO3. The CBS glass-ceramics with 0.5 wt.% Na2O sintered at 875°C has a bulk density of 2.51g·cm-3, and which possesses good dielectric properties: εr =6.2, tanδ=1.9×10-3(10 MHz) and low dielectric constant below 2×10-3 over a wide frequency range. The proposed dielectrics can find applications in microwave devices, which require low dielectric loss and low dielectric constant.
Two Morphologies of Tetragonal Phase in the MgO-PSZ Ceramics
Authors: Wang Yun Fei , Li Yun Kai , Sun Chun
Published: August 2013

The relationship between microstructures and sintering, heat treatment processes have been investigated in 8mol% MgO-0.5mol% Y2O3-PSZ ceramics. The result show that the T phase exhibits two different morphologies during sintering below 1800°C and isothermal holding or aging anew at 1500°C. Their shape, size, distribution and stability all have obvious difference, so they have different effects on the phase transformation toughening.
The Research Status, Superiorities and Prospect of Composite Insulation Materials in China
Authors: Chen Rui Feng , Gu Hua Liang , Jia Yi Ming
Published: August 2013

Chinese existing insulation materials mainly included inorganic thermal insulation materials and organic insulation materials, but short of composite insulation materials. This paper elaborated the research achievement and superiority of the composite insulation materials.
Research Advancement of Porous Fiber Metals
Authors: Liu Shi Feng , Ge Xiao Chen , Tang Huiping , Yang Xin
Published: August 2013

Porous fiber metals are a kind of metallic materials which have a through-pore structure by forming and sintering.They have the advantages of light weight,high surface area and high specific strength.They are widely used in engineering field.This paper described the progress and application of porous fiber metals.And analysed the progresses of titanium fiber porous materials,nickel fiber porous materials,FeCrAl fibrous porous materials,copper fiber porous materials and stainless steel fiber porous materials,and prospected their further development.
Structural, Thermodynamics and Dynamics Properties of Fe-Ni Melts with Different EAM Models
Authors: Fang Teng , Wang Li , Qi Yu
Published: August 2013

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been performed to explore the microstructure, thermodynamics and dynamics properties of liquid Fe-Ni alloy based upon two different embedded atom method (EAM) models. The calculated PCFs with two EAM models are good agreement with the experimental values. While the calculated Scc (q) of Bhatia-Thornton (B-T) structure factor (SF) shows different behavior: a sharp increasing and a small one at lower q from G. Bonnys model and Zhous model respectively. The mixing of enthalpy with G. Bonnys EAM is positive in the whole concentration range. While the different mixing behavior with a slightly negative mixing of enthalpy based on Zhous model, which is consistent with the experimental results, is observed. Density and diffusion coefficients of liquid Fe-Ni as a function of composition show the same tendency based on both G. Bonnys model and Zhous model. In this work, Fe-Ni melts show different mixing behavior based on the two different EAM models.
Research on CFRP Periscope Outer Tube
Authors: Zhang Jin Guang , Zeng Yi , Zhang Guo Liang , Fang Yao Cheng , Hu Ye Fa , Xu Yan
Published: August 2013

According to the structure and mechanical characteristics, a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) periscope outer tube was designed. The parameters were determined such as fiber orientation angles, number of layers, proportion of fiber with different angles, and stacking sequences. A finite element model was built for the analysis of bending strength and modal. A CFRP periscope outer tube specimen was processed for the bending performance test. The results of simulation and experiments show that the CFRP periscope outer tube could meet the requirements.
Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption Character of Laminate Floor
Authors: Yu Hai Xia , Fang Chong Rong , Xu Man Ping , Tang Rong Qiang
Published: August 2013

Laminate floor coverings, with fiberboard in the middle layer, are hygroscopic which caused potential dimension instability. The paper tested thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) of 10 commercial laminate floors (LF) according to G/T 18102-2007 (GB/T) and LY/T 1611-2011(LY/T) and analyzed correlation between them. The results show that TS obtained by the GB/T method differed significantly from LY/T methods at the initial 14 days. 7d-TS and 7d-WA values of test specimen measuring 50 by 50mm both correlated well with internal bond (IB). For both kinds of test methods, the moisture content almost reached saturation at 28 days.