bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnie, nationalité ou clan : des formes d'identité rivales ?
Authors: Blum Alain , Filipova Elena
Published: January 2011

Les populations qui vivent sur le territoire de l'Altaï se configurent autour de formes identitaires multiples qui se combinent hors de toute hiérarchie. Une composante clanique, déterminée par une relation de parenté et des origines mythiques ; des composantes locales identifiées à travers des toponymes ; une identification ethno-culturelle des populations qui s'insère dans une démarche de description ethnographique ; une composante religieuse, complexe mais pas déterminante. Participe aussi à la définition de l'identité une « mémoire » élaborée, qui reconstruit le passé des tribus et leur histoire. Plusieurs découpages et rattachements administratifs de la région, qui ont été créés au cours du XXe siècle ont contribué à forger une composante politique, administrative et territoriale de l'identité, fondatrice de formes de nationalismes et de revendication identitaires spécifiques. Le facteur linguistique, enfin, défini par l'appartenance commune au monde turcophone implique la recherche d'une référence et d'une relation privilégiée aux autres peuples turcophones, extérieurs à la région.

Le recensement a réactivé un débat autour de ces différentes formes identitaires. Les groupes perçus auparavant, par l'ethnologie soviétique, comme ethnies secondaires (ou « sous-ethnies ») et qui ont obtenu, récemment, le statut de petits peuples indigènes, cherchent à le garder au nom des avantages politiques et financiers garantis par ce statut. Cette revendication a rencontré une forte opposition des élites du centre de la république de l'Altaï, qui craignaient une remise en cause de l'autonomie de cette unité administrative.
De la colonisation russe à l'indépendance : dynamiques démographiques et renaissance de la nation kirghize
Authors: Haug Werner
Published: January 2011

L'article présente l'histoire du peuplement du territoire kirghiz et l'évolution de la composition ethnique de la population depuis la colonisation russe jusqu'à l'indépendance. L'histoire démographique du Kirghizistan a été marquée par l'expansion de l'Empire russe puis de l'Union soviétique en Asie centrale. Les structures politiques, économiques et sociales du pays se transformèrent radicalement sous le régime soviétique. La proportion de Kirghiz dans la population diminua par suite de l'immigration, forcée ou volontaire, de populations d'autres républiques. La relative stabilité d'après-guerre permit aux Kirghiz et autres populations centre-asiatiques de prendre leur « revanche » sur le plan démographique. Les traces de l'immigration européenne se sont atténuées après l'indépendance. D'après les résultats du recensement de 1999, la composition ethnique du Kirghizistan paraît beaucoup plus homogène aujourd'hui qu'il y a quinze ans. Toutefois, les tendances récentes en matière de démographie et d'emploi indiquent des disparités croissantes. Les Kirghiz se sont en partie urbanisés et s'ouvrent aux modes de vie occidentaux. Le contraire est vrai pour les Ouzbeks et les Tadjiks du Sud du pays. Ces tendances menacent la cohésion sociale et le développement équilibré du Kirghizistan indépendant.
Serbie : quelle transition économique après une décennie de sanctions et de guerre ?
Authors: Drouet Michel
Published: January 2011

Au terme d'une décennie de sanctions internationales et des bombardements de l'OTAN en 1999, l'économie de la Serbie paraît dévastée avec une chute de plus de 50 % de la production et une importante décapitalisation. Le nouveau pouvoir engage rapidement, à partir de la fin de 2000, des réformes caractéristiques de la transition. Trois ans plus tard, les résultats macroéconomiques sont médiocres, surtout en terme de croissance et, encore plus, d'investissement. Les investissements directs étrangers paraissent alors devoir jouer un rôle déterminant mais sont freinés par un risque-pays demeuré important, notamment pour des raisons de politique intérieure.
La Serbie, le Monténégro et l'Union européenne : de l'isolement à l'adhésion ?
Authors: Heimerl Daniela
Published: January 2011

Dans les années 1990, quatre guerres ont déstabilisé l'Europe du Sud-Est. Durant cette période, l'Union européenne a pris conscience de son incapacité d'accompagner, de manière constructive, la dissolution d'un État fédéral, en l'occurence la Yougoslavie socialiste. Depuis 1999, elle a accepté de jouer un rôle pilote dans la région des Balkans occidentaux en offrant aux pays concernés une perspective d'adhésion par le biais du processus de stabilisation et d'association. Sur cette toile de fond, l'auteur s'interroge sur les relations passées et actuelles entre, d'une part, l'Union européenne et, d'autre part, la République fédérale de Yougoslavie, devenue la Communauté d'États de Serbie-et- Monténégro en février 2003. Constituant un cas de transformation systémique complexe, ce pays est en butte à des problèmes fondamentaux liés à sa survie étatique, son organisation interne, son identité et sa place dans la région. Cette étude retrace les phases successives de la politique européenne depuis le début des années 1990 en récapitulant, dans un premier temps, la politique d'isolement de la RFY menée par TUE ainsi que ses contradictions et ses limites. Dans un deuxième temps, elle analyse les contraintes et les enjeux du processus de rapprochement qui débute à l'automne 2000 après la chute du régime de Slobodan Milsosevic. S'y inscrit la démarche engagée en 2001 par l'Union européenne en faveur du maintien des Républiques de Serbie et du Monténégro dans un État commun.
L'établissement de l'État de droit et le contrôle des unités spéciales de la police
Authors: Glamotchak Marina
Published: January 2011

Que deviennent les forces de sécurité intérieure pendant le processus d'introduction des principes démocratiques et de l'économie de marché ? Si la démocratisation de l'administration publique consiste notamment à séparer les structures étatiques, y compris policières, du pouvoir politique, la question est particulièrement sensible dans les pays qui ont connu une « transition guerrière ». Or les normes démocratiques sont-elles en mesure de réguler un champ social jusqu'alors dominé par la guerre, les sanctions économiques internationales et un régime perverti ? Quelle est la place de la criminalité organisée lors de la "reconversion" des anciens combattants ? Quel est le statut des unités spéciales après la guerre ? Comment l'État de droit (en cours de construction) envisage-t-il de prendre le contrôle sur les unités spéciales de la police liées au fonctionnement de l'ancien régime ? Nous avons considéré la question de l'Unité pour les opérations spéciales de la police comme un critère d'évaluation de la démocratisation réalisée en Serbie depuis la chute du régime de S. Milosevic car, avec la législation, la réforme de la sécurité intérieure constitue un facteur du bon fonctionnement de l'État de droit.
Identités en mouvement. La redéfinition du nationalisme monténégrin dans les crises yougoslaves
Authors: Cattaruzza Amaël
Published: January 2011

Cet article met en relation la restructuration et la concurrence des nationalismes monténégrins amorcées à partir de 1989 avec la redéfinition et la réappropriation de l'identité monténégrine, perceptibles dans le recensement monténégrin de novembre 2003. Ces deux processus, à la fois successifs et simultanés, s'inscrivent dans le cadre de relations institutionnelles fluctuantes entre le Monténégro et la Serbie, relations qui se caractérisent par deux phases : une phase de rapprochement (entre 1989 et 1997) et une phase de rupture et de détérioration (à partir de 1997). Le sentiment identitaire monténégrin, qui a longtemps reposé sur l'ambiguïté entre identité territoriale et identité nationale, se précise aujourd'hui en s'orientant vers un contenu national, faisant apparaître de profondes divisions territoriales au Monténégro. Parallèlement, dans le cadre de la Communauté d'États de Serbie-et-Monténégro, le thème de la nation monténégrine et celui de l'indépendance du Monténégro semblent se dissocier au détriment des mouvements indépendantistes.
Du compromis austro-hongrois à la première indépendance (1867-1945). Aperçu de la querelle historiographique slovaque après 1989
Authors: Boisserie Etienne
Published: January 2011

L'historiographie slovaque a été marquée par des entreprises d'écriture et de réécriture permanentes d'une histoire qui n'a jamais eu (sauf entre 1939 et 1945) pour cadre un État conçu comme national. C'est cette absence d'État « slovaque » ou considéré comme tel qui a constitué, et constitue encore, l'un des clivages majeurs de la société slovaque. Deux "écoles" historiographiques se trouvent en concurrence après 1989. L'une, composée essentiellement d'historiographes en exil depuis 1945, trouve des appuis puissants au cours de la période 1990-1998 pour répercuter les travaux les plus centrés sur la lutte de la nation pour son État national. L'autre, très majoritaire chez les historiens professionnels, en particulier au sein de l'Académie des sciences, entreprend un travail de déconstruction des mythes slovaques, tente d'élargir le champ de sa recherche et de sortir de la thématique institutionnelle. Le conflit entre ces deux groupes est l'un des aspects de la confrontation plus globale que vit la société slovaque au cours des années 1990, confrontation qui dépasse de très loin le simple combat d'experts en ce qu'elle oppose deux lectures de l'Être slovaque et qu'elle recoupe une partie du débat sur l'avenir de l'État. Début 2003, dans un contexte plus apaisé et en des termes choisis, le président du Parlement slovaque, revenant avec lucidité sur l'histoire nationale, en appelle à une véritable appropriation de l'histoire de la nation et au dépassement de ce conflit jusqu'alors cardinal.
Êtes-vous Russe ou Estonien ? Ethnicité et transformation sociale dans l'Estonie contemporaine
Authors: Tocheva Detelina
Published: January 2011

La distinction entre Estoniens et Russes est omniprésente dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale en Estonie. Elle a pris une forme nouvelle depuis la chute de l'URSS et est profondément marquée par le changement social et politique que vit le pays depuis l'accès à sa seconde indépendance. L'auteur étudie la façon dont l'ethnicité est activée à travers des éléments aussi divers que les stéréotypes quotidiens, le recensement, les études sociologiques et démographiques, les statistiques, l'aide sociale aux « enfants à problèmes ». Ces outils d'objectivation de Vautre et du semblable fournissent les matériaux au moyen desquels l'État national met en œuvre une certaine idée de la société multiculturelle.
Décentralisation et collectivités territoriales en Lituanie
Authors: Maciulyte Jurgita , Daugirdas Vidmantas
Published: January 2011

Since its restored political independence, Lithuania has launched a set of reforms for changing the country's political, socioeconomic, institutional and territorial models. Reforms have not advanced at the same pace in all fields however. In particular, institutional and territorial reforms are lagging far behind. A lack of experience with autonomy for local authorities is linked to Lithuania's geopolitical position between central Europe (particulary Poland) and Russia, which used to impose their own institutions and division into territorial units. The slow pace of reforms since 1989 has an impact on regional development, especially in rural areas, and on socioeconomic differences between regions. Regional and local development is blocked owing to insufficient decentralization and an inadequate managerial autonomy for local authorities. Institutions at the regional and local levels are also wanting. Despite the change of system, new arrangements are implemented within territorial units inherited from the Soviet era. The institutional and territorial model conveyed by democratization and decentralization has not yet been put into practice.
Gestion du secteur pétrolier et développement institutionnel. Le cas du Vietnam
Authors: Thi An-Dao Tran , Xuan-Dun Cao
Published: January 2011

After having summarized the development of the oil sector in Vietnam during the past decade, this paper details the institutional features which have enabled its success. Their persistent aim of controlling the transition process has led the Vietnamese political leaders to adopt a pragmatic approach: on one hand, decentralization of economic management is framed by a centralization of decision-making powers through the State corporations; on the other hand, they manage to implement a soft and selective liberalization of the oil sector, relying on an horizontal extension and an internal competition among the State corporations. However, the socialist market economy building claimed by Vietnam's political leaders has caused emerging contradictory effects: at the province level, regional decentralization is hampered by a fiscal dependence which still shapes the relationship between the central Budget and the localities; at the enterprise level, the managers' autonomy is curbed by a decision-making dependence which hinders any enterprising spirit.
Religion(s) et identité(s) en Ukraine : existe-t-il une « identité des confins » ?
Authors: Boyko Natalka
Published: January 2011

How does religion take part in forming a national identity in Ukraine? This question is raised in relation to the "paradigm of the fringes" used by Ukranian historians and anthropologists to study the building of the nation- state. The notion of a "religion of the fringes" is proposed to understand specific religious identities constructed through history. How relevant is it in post-Soviet and post-atheistic Ukraine?
L'Église catholique romaine en Europe de l'Est : perceptions polonaises
Authors: Lenarczyk Wojciech
Published: January 2011

Without foreign support, in particular from Poland, it would not have been possible to reconstruct the Catholic Church in the countries that have gained independence from the Soviet Union. The Polish clergy has all the more actively participated in this reconstruction given its geographical, linguistic and cultural proximity with these new nation-states. The Moscow Patriarchate has vehemently objected to the presence of foreign priests in Russia and the creation of a Latin ecclesiastical province in 2002. Interdenominational strife has recrudesced. Several Polish observers have emphasized how much these tensions are rooted in strong anti-Polish feelings. Despite its efforts, the Catholic Church is still seen in Byelorussia and Ukraine as being "Polish" and in Russia as being "Polish- German".
Defects in oxide surfaces studied by atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: König Thomas , Simon Georg H , Heinke Lars , Lichtenstein Leonid , Heyde Markus
Published: January 2011

Surfaces of thin oxide ﬁlms were investigated by means of a dual mode NC-AFM/STM. Apart from imaging the surface termination by NC-AFM with atomic resolution, point defects in magnesium oxide on Ag(001) and line defects in aluminum oxide on NiAl(110), respectively, were thoroughly studied. The contact potential was determined by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and the electronic structure by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). On magnesium oxide, different color centers, i.e., F0, F+, F2+and divacancies, have different effects on the contact potential. These differences enabled classiﬁcation and unambiguous differentiation by KPFM. True atomic resolution shows the topography at line defects in aluminum oxide. At these domain boundaries, STS and KPFM verify F2+-like centers, which have been predicted by density functional theory calculations. Thus, by determining the contact potential and the electronic structure with a spatial resolution in the nanometer range, NC-AFM and STM can be successfully applied on thin oxide ﬁlms beyond imaging the topography of the surface atoms.
The cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with cis-2-butene-1,4-diyl diacetate and the influence of protecting groups
Authors: Behr Arno , Pérez Gomes Jessica
Published: January 2011

Background: α,ω-Difunctional substrates are useful intermediates for polymer synthesis. An attractive, sustainable and selective (but as yet unused) method in the chemical industry is the oleochemical cross-metathesis with preferably symmetric functionalised substrates. The current study explores the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate (1) with cis-2-butene-1,4-diyl diacetate (2) starting from renewable resources and quite inexpensive base chemicals.

Results: This cross-metathesis reaction was carried out with several phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium catalysts. The reaction conditions were optimised for high conversions in combination with high cross-metathesis selectivity. The influence of protecting groups present in the substrates on the necessary catalyst loading was also investigated.

Conclusions: The value-added methyl 11-acetoxyundec-9-enoate (3) and undec-2-enyl acetate (4) are accessed with nearly quantitative oleochemical conversions and high cross-metathesis selectivity under mild reaction conditions. These two cross-metathesis products can be potentially used as functional monomers for diverse sustainable polymers.
Folkloristics and Literature. An Essay on Divorce
Authors: Terseglav Marko
Published: January 2011

Članek kaže razlike med folkloristiko in literarno vedo v preučevanju ljudskega slovstva in se ustavlja predvsem ob najbolj kritičnih vprašanjih, kot so: estetski pogled na folkloro, neupoštevanje njegove funkcionalnosti in življenjskega konteksta, sinkretičnosti in specifične poetike. Čeprav se zdi, da sta folkloristika in literarna zgodovina še danes sestrski vedi, pa avtor ugotavlja, da sta se že zdavnaj ločili in danes obstajata kot samostojni znanstveni vedi z lastno teorijo in metodologijo.
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The paper examines the difference between folkloristics and literary science and their relation toward oral (folk) literature. One of the most critical issues is that literary science emphasizes the aesthetic view of folklore, disregarding its function, life context, syncretism, and its distinct poetics. Even though it seems that folkloristics and literary history are still sisterly disciplines the author is of the opinion that they had separated long ago. They have become two independent scientific disciplines, each with its own theory and methodology.
A Forgotten Tradition. An Outline of Archaic Poetry
Authors: Ferkolj Andrej
Published: January 2011

Članek se loteva splošne predstavitve arhaičnega pesništva. Najprej obravnava teoretični okvir, v katerem se običajno giblje njegovo raziskovanje, pri čemer ga skuša v nekaterih pogledih razmejiti od ljudskega pesništva evropskih narodov. V nadaljevanju opiše njegove splošne značilnosti, predstavi in na kratko analizira posamezne konkretne primere, nazadnje pa polemizira z vprašanjem o njegovi »literarnosti«.
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The article is intended as a general introduction into archaic poetry. At the begining, it deals with the generally adopted theoretical framework, whereby it aims at drawing a distinction between archaic poetry and the oral poetry of the European nations. Afterwards, it describes some of the general characteristics of archaic poetry, presents and shortly analyzes some concrete examples, and finally questions the issue of its »literariness«.
Rošlin and Verjanko. Transformation of a Folk Ballad into Modern Prose
Authors: Golež Kaučič Marjetka
Published: January 2011

Razprava raziskuje postmodernistični poskus prenosa slovenske ljudske družinske balade Rošlin in Verjanko v sodobno slovensko prozo. Po analizi ljudskih variant balade, osvetlitvi antičnega mita, Prešernove predelave in Kersnikove obdelave motiva se avtorica osredotoča na zbirko sodobnih kratkih zgodb z naslovom Rošlin in Verjanko ali Dolgo odlagani opravek slovenstva iz leta 1987, kjer ugotavlja okvare in transformacije balade in predstavlja različne avtorske interpretativne poskuse od Andreja Blatnika do Igorja Zabela ter poznejšo samostojno obdelavo snovi Marka Golje.
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The paper examines a postmodernist transmission of Slovenian family ballad Rošlin in Verjanko (Rošlin and Verjanko) into modern Slovenian prose. After the initial analysis of variants of this folk ballad, an antique myth with a similar theme, and Prešeren’s and Kersnik’s reworking of the motif the author focuses on a collection of modern short stories titled Rošlin in Verjanko, ali Dolgo odlagani opravek slovenstva (Rošlin and Verjanko, or the Long- Postponed Slovenian Errand, 1987). Discussed are transformations and interpretations of the ballad as seen through the eyes of fourteen authors.
Carols from Southeastern Gorenjsko in the Notes of the Committee for the Collection of Slovenian Folk Songs
Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: January 2011

Na podlagi ohranjenih zapisov koledniških pesmi iz zapuščine Odbora za nabiranje slovenskih narodnih pesmi (OSNP) želi avtorica ugotoviti tipologijo koledovanj na območju jugovzhodne Gorenjske pred sto leti. V Kamniku se je poleg trikraljevskega koledovanja ohranilo zelo veliko božičnih kolednic, ki po svoji strukturi dokazujejo, da so večinoma okrnjene oblike nekdanjih cerkvenih koled. Te kolednice so peli otroci. Na skrajnem jugovzhodnem Gorenjskem, v zaledju slamnikarske industrije, so koledovali odrasli moški, in sicer predvsem v času od božiča do sv. treh kraljev, ohranjene pa so bile tudi sledi koledovanja ob kresu in za florjanovo. Koledovanje na tem območju ni bilo odsev družbenih razločkov, kot je veljalo za Kamnik, temveč predvsem izraz medsebojne povezanosti ljudi v tem okolju in večje vezanosti na izročilo, ki ju je omogočilo pletenje slamnatih kit po domovih.
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Based on the still-preserved notes on Committee carols written down by the Sfor the Collection of Slovenian Folk Songs (OSNP) the paper examines the typology of caroling in the area of southeastern Gorenjsko a century ago. Aside from Epiphany carols the town of Kamnik had a number of Christmas carols, sung by children, whose structure shows that most of them had been shortened versions of former church hymns. In the extreme southeast area of Gorenjsko, a rural area with a long tradition of straw hat-making, carolers were grown men. Even though carols were usually sung during the period between Christmas and Epiphany, it is evident from the notes that some were sung on Midsummer Day and on St. Florian’s Day. While the caroling in Kamnik clearly reflected social differences caroling in this part of Gorenjsko, on the other hand, reflected the closeness and interdependence of local residents and their close ties with tradition, both of which were possible because of the straw hat-making cottage industry that enabled villagers to braid straw in their own homes.
Serbische Volkslyrik in griechischen Periodika
Authors: Djordjević Jovanović Jovanka
Published: January 2011

Das Interesse der Griechen für das serbische lyrische Volksschaffen äußerte sich in drei besonderen Wellen (im sieben Jahrzehnt des 19. Jh., gleich zu Beginn des 20. Jh. und im dritten und vierten Jahrzehnt des 20. Jh.). Die von Tommaseo, Koumanoudis, Martsokis oder Velianitis in führenden literarischen oder volkstümlichen Zeitschriften erschienenen Übersetzungen, hatten außer einer kulturellen auch eine politische Mission. Die Instrumentalisierung der geistigen Werte für den Bedarf der politischen Annäherung zeigt auch die Änderungen im Selbstverständnis des griechischen nationalen Wesens auf.
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Zanimanje Grkov za srbsko ljudsko lirsko ustvarjalnost se je pokazalo v treh valovih (v sedmem destletju 19. stoletja, na začetku 20. stoletja in v 30. in 40. letih 20. stoletja). Prevodi Tommasea, Koumanoudisa, Martsokisa in Velianitisa, objavljeni v vodilnih literarnih ali narodopisnih časopisih, so imeli poleg kulturne tudi pomembno politično poslanstvo. Instrumentalizacija duhovnih vrednot za potrebe političnega zbliževanja kaže tudi na spremebmo v samorazumevanju grškega nacionalnega bistva.
Choreological and Anthropological Aspects of Slovenian Dance Games in Which a Dancer Chooses Her or His Dance Partner
Authors: Ramovš Mirko
Published: January 2011

Prispevek predstavlja plesne igre z izbiranjem soplesalca, kakršne so bile in so še razširjene in na Slovenskem. Ugotavlja njihov izvor in umeščenost v kontekst podeželskega življenja ter analizira njihovo vsebinsko in koreološko podobo.
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The paper focuses on dance games in which a dancer chooses her or his partner; such dances have been widespread throughout Slovenia. Examined and analyzed are their origin, role, form, choreology, and function in the rural way of life.
The Role of Lexicology in the Preservation and Actualization of Slovenian Ethnographic Vocabulary
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: January 2011

Prispevek z vidika današnje jezikovne rabe predstavlja in komentira leksiko (besede in zlasti besedne zveze), ki ubeseduje pojavnost in predmetnost narodopisnega izročila. Poudarek na govorjenem jeziku omogoča aktualnopomensko oživljeno rabo že ustaljene narodopisne leksike. Pri predstavljanju, razvojnem sledenju in ohranjanju tovrstnega besedja ima pomembno vlogo leksikologija.
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The paper focuses and comments on lexical categories (words and primarily syntagmas) that translate ethnographic subject matter and notions into words. The emphasis on the spoken language makes it possible to translate the established ethnographic vocabulary into modern terms and expressions. Lexicology plays an important role in the presentation, development, and preservation of such vocabulary.
Preservation of Sound Collections, Recorded on Magnetic Tape, in Research Sound Archives
Authors: Kunej Drago
Published: January 2011

Čeprav magnetofonski trakovi niso bili predvideni kot dolgoročni arhivski nosilec, imajo lahko ob ustrezni uporabi in hrambi razmeroma dolgo življenjsko dobo. Vendar kaže danes veliko zvočnega gradiva, posnetega na magnetofonskih trakovih in drugih sorodnih nosilcih, znake propadanja in poškodb, in to predvsem zaradi premalo skrbnega ravnanja z njim in izpostavljanja pogojem, ki ogrožajo njegovo življenjsko dobo. V prispevku so predstavljene temeljne lastnosti magnetofonskih trakov in ohranjanje magnetofonske zvočne zbirke v GNI. Podane so smernice za varovanje takšnih, večinoma unikatnih zvočnih zbirk v raziskovalnih zvočnih arhivih.
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Even though it has not been designed for permanent storage in archives, magnetic tape can have a relatively long life expectancy – provided that it is adequately handled and stored. Yet many sound collection recorded on magnetic tape or by similar sound carriers, exhibit damage and signs of degradation. This is mainly due to improper handling and storing conditions that shorten the tape’s longevity and lead to information loss. The paper will examine the basic characteristics of magnetic tape, explain the priciples of protection and preservation of magnetic tape sound collections at the Institute of Ethnomusicology at the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Aciences and Arts, and offer recommendations for protection standards of sound collections, most of which are unique, in research sound archives.
Assessing the Health Needs of Chinese Older Adults: Findings from a Community-Based Participatory Research Study in Chicago's Chinatown
Authors: Dong XinQi , Chang E-Shien , Wong Esther , Wong Bernarda , Skarupski Kimberly A. , Simon Melissa A.
Published: January 2011

The objective of this study is to examine the cultural views of healthy aging, knowledge and barriers to services, and perception of health sciences research among community-dwelling Chinese older adults in Chicago's Chinatown. This qualitative study is guided by the Precede-Proceed conceptual model with community-based participatory research design. Data analysis is based on eight focus group interviews with Chinese older (age60+) adults (n=78). We used a grounded theory framework to systematically guide the thematic structure of our data. Findings show participants described cultural conception of health in terms of physical function, psychological well-being, social support, and cognitive function. The availability, affordability, and cultural barriers towards health care services were major negative enabling factors that inhibit participants from fulfilling health needs. Perception and knowledge of health sciences research were also discussed. This study has implications for the delivery of culturally appropriate health care services to the Chinese aging population.
Choline Modulation of the Aβ P1-40 Channel Reconstituted into a Model Lipid Membrane
Authors: Meleleo Daniela , Notarachille Gabriella , Micelli Silvia
Published: January 2011

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), implicated in memory and learning, in subjects affected by Alzheimer's disease result altered. Stimulation of α7-nAChRs inhibits amyloid plaques and increases ACh release. β-amyloid peptide (AβP) forms ion channels in the cell and model phospholipid membranes that are retained responsible in Alzheimer disease. We tested if choline, precursor of ACh, could affect the AβP1-40 channels in oxidized cholesterol (OxCh) and in palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC):Ch lipid bilayers. Choline concentrations of 5 × 10−11 M–1.5 × 10−8 M added to thecis- ortrans-side of membrane quickly increased AβP1-40 ion channel frequency (events/min) and ion conductance in OxCh membranes, but not in POPC:Ch membranes. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy shows that after 24 and 48 hours of incubation with AβP1-40, choline stabilizes the random coil conformation of the peptide, making it less prone to fibrillate. These actions seem to be specific in that ACh is ineffective either in solution or on AβP1-40 channel incorporated into PLMs.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current and Future Applications in the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Drzewiecki Beth A. , Thomas John C. , Tanaka Stacy T.
Published: January 2011

Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from almost any adult tissue. In this paper we focus on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells which have captured the interest of researchers since their introduction because of the promising potential of tissue regeneration and repair. They are known for their ability to self-renew and differentiate into diverse lineages while maintaining low immunogenicity. The exact mechanisms behind how these cells work still remain unclear, and there is a continuing shift in the paradigms that support them. There has been extensive research in multiple organ systems; however, the genitorurinary system has been vastly underrepresented. This article discusses the background behind bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and they are currently being applied to the urinary bladder in the realm of tissue engineering. We also postulate on their future applications based on the current literature in other organ systems.
Application of Ketone-Based Resins as Anticorrosive Coating
Authors: Sezer Esma , Kızılcan Nilgün , Çoban Kerim
Published: January 2011

Effect of some newly synthesized modified ketonic resins on corrosion inhibition of stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu) was investigated in acidic medium. Carboxyl, hydroxyl, and carbonyl functionalized resins have been coated on metal electrode as a thin film by dipping method. Corrosion characteristics of coating on SS (304 L) and Cu were investigated by polarization, open-circuit, and impedance measurement. These measurements performed at different time and the stability of polymeric coating were tested with time in acidic medium. The resin coating was able to protect both the SS and copper.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients: An Evolving Role in Patient Prognosis and Disease Progression
Authors: Graves Holly , Czerniecki Brian J.
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we examine the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in breast cancer. CTCs are tumor cells present in the peripheral blood. They are found in many different carcinomas but are not present in patients with benign disease. Recent advances in theories regarding metastasis support the role of early release of tumor cells in the neoplastic process. Furthermore, it has been found that phenotypic variation exists between the primary tumor and CTCs. Of particular interest is the incongruency found between primary tumor and CTC HER2 status in both metastatic and early breast cancer. Overall, CTCs have been shown to be a poor prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. CTCs in early breast cancer are not as well studied, however, several studies suggest that the presence of CTCs in early breast cancer may also suggest a poorer prognosis. Studies are currently underway looking at the use of CTC level monitoring in order to guide changes in therapy.
Subjective and Objective Appraisal of Activity in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Chasens Eileen R. , Sereika Susan M. , Houze Martin P. , Strollo Patrick J.
Published: January 2011

Objective.This study examined the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), daytime sleepiness, functional activity, and objective physical activity.Setting.Subjects (N=37) being evaluated for OSA were recruited from a sleep clinic.Participants. The sample was balanced by gender (53% male), middle-aged, primarily White, and overweight or obese with a mean BMI of 33.98 (SD=7.35;median BMI=32.30). Over 40% reported subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) ≥10) and had OSA (78% with apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5/hr).Measurements.Evaluation included questionnaires to evaluate subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)) and functional outcomes (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ)), an activity monitor, and an overnight sleep study to determine OSA severity.Results.Increased subjective sleepiness was significantly associated with lower scores on the FOSQ but not with average number of steps walked per day. A multiple regression analysis showed that higher AHI values were significantly associated with lower average number of steps walked per day after controlling patient's age, sex, and ESS.Conclusion.Subjective sleepiness was associated with perceived difficulty in activity but not with objectively measured activity. However, OSA severity was associated with decreased objective physical activity in aging adults.
Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Landing Biomechanics
Authors: Fong Chun-Man , Blackburn J. Troy , Norcross Marc F. , McGrath Melanie , Padua Darin A.
Published: January 2011

Context:

A smaller amount of ankle-dorsiflexion displacement during landing is associated with less knee-flexion displacement and greater ground reaction forces, and greater ground reaction forces are associated with greater knee-valgus displacement. Additionally, restricted dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) is associated with greater knee-valgus displacement during landing and squatting tasks. Because large ground reaction forces and valgus displacement and limited knee-flexion displacement during landing are anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors, dorsiflexion ROM restrictions may be associated with a greater risk of ACL injury. However, it is unclear whether clinical measures of dorsiflexion ROM are associated with landing biomechanics.

Objective:

To evaluate relationships between dorsiflexion ROM and landing biomechanics.

Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Thirty-five healthy, physically active volunteers.

Intervention(s):

Passive dorsiflexion ROM was assessed under extended-knee and flexed-knee conditions. Landing biomechanics were assessed via an optical motion-capture system interfaced with a force plate.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Dorsiflexion ROM was measured in degrees using goniometry. Knee-flexion and knee-valgus displacements and vertical and posterior ground reaction forces were calculated during the landing task. Simple correlations were used to evaluate relationships between dorsiflexion ROM and each biomechanical variable.

Results:

Significant correlations were noted between extended-knee dorsiflexion ROM and knee-flexion displacement (r  =  0.464, P  =  .029) and vertical (r  =  −0.411, P  =  .014) and posterior (r  =  −0.412, P  =  .014) ground reaction forces. All correlations for flexed-knee dorsiflexion ROM and knee-valgus displacement were nonsignificant.

Conclusions:

Greater dorsiflexion ROM was associated with greater knee-flexion displacement and smaller ground reaction forces during landing, thus inducing a landing posture consistent with reduced ACL injury risk and limiting the forces the lower extremity must absorb. These findings suggest that clinical techniques to increase plantar-flexor extensibility and dorsiflexion ROM may be important additions to ACL injury-prevention programs.
Subcutaneous Thigh Fat Assessment: A Comparison of Skinfold Calipers and Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Selkow Noelle M. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Saliba Susan A.
Published: January 2011

Context:

Skinfold calipers (SC) typically are used to determine subcutaneous fat thicknesses. Identifying the exact separation of muscle and fat can complicate measurements. Ultrasound imaging (USI) might provide a better technique for analyzing subcutaneous fat thicknesses.

Objective:

To compare measurements from SC and USI in assessing subcutaneous thigh fat thickness.

Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients and Other Participants:

Twenty healthy adults (13 men, 7 women; age  =  26.9 ± 5.4 years, height  =  173.9 ± 7.3 cm, mass  =  77.4 ± 16.1 kg) participated.

Intervention(s):

Participants were seated in 90° of knee flexion and 85° of trunk extension. A standardized template was used to identify measurement sites over the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), distal rectus femoris (dRF), proximal rectus femoris (pRF), and vastus lateralis (VL). Three measurements at each of the 4 sites were made in random order and were averaged for each measurement tool by the same investigator.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Fat thickness was measured in millimeters with SC and USI. Measurements at each site were compared using Pearson product moment correlations and Bland-Altman plots.

Results:

Strong correlations between measures were found at the VMO (r  =  .90, P < .001), dRF (r  =  .93, P < .001), pRF (r  =  .93, P < .001), and VL (r  =  .91, P < .001). Mean differences between measures ranged from 1.7 ± 2.4 mm (dRF) to 3.7 ± 2.6 mm (pRF), indicating that the SC resulted in larger thicknesses compared with USI. Limits of agreement, as illustrated by the Bland-Altman plots, were fairly wide at each site: from −3.38 mm to 7.74 mm at the VMO, from −3.04 mm to 6.52 mm at the dRF, from −1.53 mm to 8.87 mm at the pRF, and from −3.73 mm to 8.15 mm at the VL. All plots except for the VL demonstrated increasing overestimation via the SC as fat thicknesses increased.

Conclusions:

We found strong correlations between the SC and USI; however, the large limits of agreement and increasing mean differences with larger fat thicknesses were a concern in terms of using this tool. When measuring subcutaneous fat thickness of the thigh, SC tended to overestimate thickness in individuals with higher fat values.
Compact Embeddings of Bessel-Potential-Type Spaces into Generalized Hölder Spaces Involving $k$-Modulus of Smoothness
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Neves Júlio S. , Opic Bohumír
Published: January 2011

We present conditions which are necessary and sufficient for compact embeddings of Bessel potential spaces

H^\sigma X(\mathbb R^n)

, modelled upon a rearrangement-invariant Banach function spaces

X(\mathbb R^n)

, into generalized Hölder spaces involving
k
-modulus of smoothness. To this end, we derive a characterization of compact subsets of generalized Hölder spaces. We apply our results to the case when

X(\mathbb R^n)

is a Lorentz–Karamata space

L_{p,q;b}(\mathbb R^n)

. Applications cover both superlimiting and limiting cases.
Some Non-Local Boundary-Value Problems and their Relationship to Problems for Loaded Equations
Authors: Klimova Elena
Published: January 2011

In several mathematical models of physical or technical processes there are non-local boundary-value problems in terms of partial differential equations with integral conditions. In this article we consider hyperbolic differential equations of second order in the rectangle with some integral conditions and their relationship to boundary-value problems for some certain type of loaded equations.
Regularity Criteria in Terms of the Pressure for the Navier–Stokes Equations in the Critical Morrey–Campanato Space
Authors: Zhou Yong , Gala Sadek
Published: January 2011

In this paper, we establish a Serrin-type regularity criterion in terms of the pressure for Leray weak solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation in

ℝ^3

. It is proved that the solution is regular if the associate pressure satifies

p \in L^{\frac 2{2-r}} ((0, T); \dot{\mathcal M}_{2,\frac 3 r} (ℝ^3)) \quad \text{or}\quad ∇p \in L^{\frac 2{3-r}} ((0, T); \dot{\mathcal M}_{2,\frac 3 r} (ℝ^3))

for

0 < r < 1

, where

\dot{\mathcal M}_{2,\frac 3 r}

is the critical Morrey–Campanto space. Regularity criteria for the 3D MHD equations are also given.
Formal Solutions of Second Order Evolution Equations
Authors: Łysik Grzegorz
Published: January 2011

We study the initial value problem for a second order evolution equation

∂_tu = F(x,u,∇_xu,∇^2_xu),\ u|_{t=0} = u_0

, where

F(x, u, p, q)

is a polynomial function in variables

u \in \mathbb R

,

p\in \mathbb R^d

,

q\in \mathbb R^{d^2}

with coefficients analytic on a domain

Ω \subset \mathbb R^d

,

d ≥ 1

and

u_0

is analytic on

Ω

. We construct a formal power series solution

\hat u(t, x) = \sum^∞_{n=0} φ_n(x)t^n

of the equation and prove that it satisfies Gevrey type estimates

|φ_n(x)| ≤ C^{n+1}n!

for

x\in K ⋐ Ω

and

n \in \mathbb N_0

, where

C

does not depend on

n

. The proof is based on some combinatorial identities and estimates which may be of independent interest.
Implicit Difference Schemes for Evolution Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Kamont Zdzisław
Published: January 2011

We give a theorem on an error estimate of approximate solutions for functional difference equations of the Volterra type with unknown function of several variables. We apply this general result in the investigations of the stability of quasilinear implicit difference schemes generated by first order partial differential functional equations and by parabolic problems. A comparison technique is used with nonlinear estimates of the Perron type for given functions with respect to the functional variable. Equations with deviated variables and differential integral equations can be derived from a general model by specializing given operators.
The influence of gas-particle partitioning and surface-atmosphere exchange on ammonia during BAQS-Met
Authors: Ellis R. A. , Murphy J. G. , Markovic M. Z. , VandenBoer T. C. , Makar P. A. , Brook J. , Mihele C.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. The Border Air Quality and Meteorology study (BAQS-Met) was an intensive field campaign conducted in Southwestern Ontario during the summer of 2007. The focus of BAQS-Met was determining the causes of the formation of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and of the regional significance of trans-boundary transport and lake breeze circulations on that formation. Fast (1 Hz) measurements of ammonia were acquired using a Quantum Cascade Laser Tunable Infrared Differential Absorption Spectrometer (QC-TILDAS) at the Harrow supersite. Measurements of PM2.5 ammonium, sulfate and nitrate were made using an Ambient Ion Monitor Ion Chromatograph (AIM-IC) with hourly time resolution. The median mixing ratio of ammonia was 2.5 ppb, with occasional high spikes at night resulting from local emissions. Measurements were used to assess major local emissions of NH3, diurnal profiles and gas-particle partitioning. The measurements were compared with results from A Unified Regional Air-quality Modelling System (AURAMS). While the fraction of total ammonia (NHx≡NH3 + NH4+) observed in the gas phase peaks between 0.1 and 0.8, AURAMS tended to predict fractions of either less than 0.05 or greater than 0.8. The model frequently predicted acidic aerosol, in contrast with observations wherein NHx almost always exceeded the observed equivalents of sulfate. One explanation for our observations is that the net flux of ammonia from the land surface to the atmosphere increases when aerosol sulfate is present, effectively buffering the mixing ratio of gas phase ammonia, a process not included in the model. A simple representation of an offline bi-directional flux parameterization using the ISORROPIA thermodynamic model was successful at reducing the population of zero gas fraction points, but not the higher gas fraction points.
Seven years of measurements of aerosol scattering properties, near the surface, in the southwestern Iberia Peninsula
Authors: Pereira S. N. , Wagner F. , Silva A. M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Aerosol scattering properties, near the surface (at about 10 m height), were measured during a period of seven years (2002–2008) at Évora, Portugal. The average (and median) scattering and backscattering coefficients, at the wavelength of 550 nm, were found to be 42.5 Mm−1 (29.9 Mm−1) and 5.9 Mm−1 (4.4 Mm−1), respectively. Also, the average and median scattering Ångström exponent (1.4 and 1.5) indicate that scattering was, in general, dominated by sub-micrometer particles. Both seasonal and daily cycles are shown, which were related to local production and transport of particles from elsewhere. Summer and winter average values of the scattering coefficient, at the wavelength of 550 nm (47 and 54 Mm−1, respectively), correspond to a significant increase in the aerosol particle concentration when compared with spring and fall (35 and 37 Mm−1, respectively). Also, the average increase in the Ångström exponent for summer and winter seasons is consistent with the input of sub-micrometer particles from anthropogenic origin in winter and forest fires in summer. Back-trajectory analysis indicated that the site was regularly under the influence of air masses from the Atlantic area, with low particle loads (low scattering coefficients), but as the influence of transport from the continent (Iberia Peninsula) increased, the aerosol particle load was observed to increase as well as the relative importance of fine particles over coarse ones, approaching the features observed at the site during European air masses influence.
Results from the University of Toronto continuous flow diffusion chamber at ICIS 2007: instrument intercomparison and ice onsets for different aerosol types
Authors: Kanji Z. A. , DeMott P. J. , Möhler O. , Abbatt J. P. D.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. The University of Toronto continuous flow diffusion chamber (UT-CFDC) was used to study heterogeneous ice nucleation at the International Workshop on Comparing Ice Nucleation Measuring Systems (ICIS 2007) which also represented the 4-th ice nucleation workshop, on 14–28 September 2007. One goal of the workshop was to inter-compare different ice nucleation measurement techniques using the same aerosol sample source and preparation method. The aerosol samples included four types of desert mineral dust, graphite soot particles, and live and dead bacterial cells (Snomax®). This paper focuses on the UT-CFDC results, with a comparison to techniques of established heritage including the Colorado State CFDC and the AIDA expansion chamber. Good agreement was found between the different instruments with a few specific differences, especially at low temperatures, perhaps due to the variation in how onset of ice formation is defined between the instruments and the different inherent residence times. It was found that when efficiency of ice formation is based on the lowest onset relative humidity, Snomax® particles were most efficient followed by the desert dusts and then soot. For all aerosols, deposition mode freezing was only observed for T<45 K except for the dead bacteria where freezing occurred below water saturation as warm as 263 K.