bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Paper Yarn from Mulberry
Authors: Takasaki Midori , Ogura Rie , Morikawa Hideaki , Chino Seiji , Tsuiki Hisanaga
Published: January 2011

We examined the molecular orientation of paper and mechanical properties of prepared paper yarn by twisting strips of paper made from various ratios of mulberry bast and Manila hemp. The molecular orientation of paper in direction of the strip was highest for paper with a mulberry bast weight ratio of 30 wt% as measured by a microwave molecular orientation analyzer. In contrast, the paper yarn sample with a mulberry bast weight ratio of 100 wt% showed a low molecular orientation of paper in direction of the strip. For mechanical properties, paper yarn with mulberry bast weight ratio of 30 wt% had the highest strength and Young’s modulus and the lowest elongation. These results show that the mechanical properties of the paper yarn depend on the molecular orientation of the paper in direction of strip.
Study on the Electrospun Fluorescent Nanofiber Webs Doped with Hemicyanine Dye
Authors: Qin Chuan Xiang , Gu Ming Bo , Dai Li Xing , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: January 2011

One hemicyanine dye, DHEASPBr-C2, has been synthesized in this paper and incorporated by doping to Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) to prepare the fluorescent nanofiber webs. SEM morphology and fluorescent properties of the electrospun webs were tested. Results showed that it is feasible to develop fluorescent orange nano-fibre webs from those incorporating solutions using electrospinning process (ESP) at room temperature. When measuring fibres selected from each electronspun webs in SEM images, the fibres diameters changed between 200 nm and 400 nm with the change of electrospinning technological parameters. The reflectance spectra of the electrospun webs showed that there are obvious sorption spectra in the range 380-550 nm and emission spectra in the range 560-700 nm, while the single-photon fluorescent emission spectra showed obvious fluorescent effect.
Grafting of 2-Diethylaminoethyl Methacrylate onto Silk by ATRP
Authors: Xing Tie Ling , Xu Xia , Chen Guo Qiang
Published: January 2011

In order to develop silk underwear fabric with good anti-bacterial property, silk was grafted using 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. The amino groups and hydroxyl groups on the side chains of the silk fibroin was reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide (BriB-Br) to obtain efficient macroinitiator for ATRP. And the macroinitiator was grafted with DEAEMA in water/ethanol media using CuBr/N,N,N',N",N" -pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst system. The effects of monomer concentration, the proportion of CuBr and PMDETA, grafting temperature and time on the silk grafting were discussed, and the optimal grafting technology was obtained. FT-IR characterization of the grafted silk showed a peak corresponding to DEAEMA, which indicated that DEAEMA was grafted onto the surface of silk. The quaternized grafted silk had good anti-bacterial property to S. aureus and E. coli. . And the bacteria repellency of the grafted silk had good washing durability.
Standardization of Reference Genes in Silkworm, Bombyx Mori
Authors: Peng Ran , Su Bao Jin , Zhao Guo Dong , Ji Xing , Zhao Si Si , Zhang Ting , Gao Rui Na , Wang Rui Xian , Shen Wei De , Wei Zheng Guo
Published: January 2011

The Bombyx mori serves as model organism among the Lepidoptera insects. In the post-genomic era, in order to study gene function, the profiling of mRNA transcription has become a popular research field. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) has become established as the sensitive method for detecting the expression level of low abundance mRNA, and it usually chooses one or several reference genes to standardize the expression level of target gene. Since the changes in amplification of reference gene can reflect the changes of RNA production, quality or cDNA synthesis efficiency. So choosing an appropriate reference gene can reduce the differences between tested samples. Based on the comparison of Standardization of three frequently-used reference genes (GAPDH, Actin-3, 28srRNA), and decide which is the best way to study gene expression level in silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Influences of Multifunctional Nano-Super (AB) Finishing Agent on the Anti-UV and Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabric
Authors: Su Yan Meng , Zheng Min , Ma Wu Jun , Cheng Ting Li
Published: January 2011

Nano-super(AB) microcrystalline dispersoid self-prepared is the main raw material. The cotton is given an excellent and lasting anti-UV and anti-bacterial function through the dipping-padding-baking treating process. The SEM observation indicates that the surface of finished cotton fabrics take on small and uniform nano-particle with size of 10nm. XRD analysis shows that nano-particle on the surface of cotton is standard wurtzite zinc oxide. The treated cotton fabrics reveal excellent anti-UV property and the rating of ultraviolet protection factor(UPF) attains 50+ when the concentration of nano-super（AB）is 16g/L. The antibacterial rate reaches more than 99% for Staphylococcus and Bacillus coli. In addition, the dyed cotton fabrics which were finished by Nano-super(AB) microcrystalline dispersoid reveal excellent anti-UV property, and have good wash fastness and light fastness.
Synthesis of the Hyperbranched Polymers-RSD Compound and its Application in Dyeability Modification of Cotton
Authors: Wu Xiao Lang , Chen Yu Yue , Han He Tian
Published: January 2011

A species of derivatives of HBP-NH2 was synthesized from methyl acrylate, diethylene triamine and dodecylamine by two different modes (HSDA-1 and HSDA-2). Its molecular weight and possible structure were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dyed with reactive dyes, the cotton fabric which treated with the aqueous solution of HSDA displayed dramatically enhanced color strength, even when dyeing without electrolyte. It is concluded that the HSDA polymer can be used as a high direct staining salt-free auxiliary in reactive dyeing on cotton.
Study on Synthesis and Surface Activities of Silk Peptide-Based Surfactants
Authors: Zhang Yun , Feng Yan Ni , Wang Xiang Rong
Published: January 2011

Silk peptide-based surfactants were synthesized from fatty acyl chloride and silk peptide using Schotten-Baumana method. The structure of the product was characterized by IR and amino acid analysis, and the surface activity of the product was tested. The IR spectra showed the characteristic bands corresponding to the stretching vibration of C=O, N-H, C-N and -COONa groups. The amino acid analysis indicated that there were many kinds of amino acid in the products, and the most ones were glycine and alanine, which made up nearly 95% of the total content of amino acid. The surface activity experiment results showed these surfactants had excellent surface activity. In the homologous compounds of surfactants, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) reduced and the trend of micelles formation increased with the hydrocarbon chain length increasing.
Preparation of Transparent Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Films
Authors: Luo Min Qing , Zhang Cen Cen , Lu Shen Zhou
Published: January 2011

The transparent water-insoluble silk fibroin(SF) films were casted from the mixture solution of silk fibroin and xylitol/mannitol. The structure, surface morphology, solubility, mechanical properties and light transmittance of the blend films were measured. FT-IR, X-ray diffraction retuslts indicated that the films were mainly composed of Silk I structure. SEM showed the blend films with xylitol were miscible, whereas the blend films with mannitol had phase-separated structure. There were lots of nanopores in the blend films in the wet state. The insoluble SF /xylitol films had excellent mechanical properties while the SF / mannitol films were brittle. The mechanical property of SF/alcohol blend films were consistent with the human cornea in wet state.When the contents of xylitol were 10% and 20%, the blend films had high light transmittance which were similar to human cornea. In summary, the SF /xylitol film containing 10% xylitol provides a great potential to act as repairing materials for cornea.
Application of Pebrine Detection by PCR Infected Bombyx Mori Eggs
Authors: Pan Zhong Hua , Gong Cheng Liang , Zheng Xiao Jian , Guo Rui , Shen Wei De
Published: January 2011

With the development of the PCR technology, especially the improvement of its reagent and a method of pebrine detection by PCR in infected Bombyx mori eggs was established.With the 16sRNA gene of Nosema bombycis as target sequence, the results of extraction of genomic DNA from purified microspores showed that 1.3×10-7µg DNA can be extracted from each spore. The sensitivity detection showed the detection limit of Nosema bombycis DNA was 3.25×10-2pg, i.e. 4 spores. (PCR system volume is 25µl). The method of total DNA extraction from pebrine infected silkworm eggs just before hatching was created. The result showed that extracting total DNA from silkworm eggs after the eggs had been treated with 30% KOH met the PCR detection requirements. The result of application study showed the spores in the pebrine infected egg just before hatching can sensitively be found with PCR. The result of a group of eggs just before hatching detection showed that the maximum PCR detection level was of a pebrine infected eggs just before hatching in 300 healthy eggs when the total DNA extraction had been purified with Agarose electrophoresis. The probability of identifying groups of one pebrine spore in infected eggs just before hatching mixed with 100 healthy ones was about 80%.
The Digital Method of Clothing Extension Measurement
Authors: Chen Zhi Ge , Chen Qing Guan
Published: January 2011

Fabric extension can be measured by using fabric strength tester in laboratory. But the extension is difficult to be measured when the clothing is in wearing. In this paper, the relationship between the extension of clothing and the fabric tension was discussed according to the experiment result. The digital image processing will be used to grab clothing images and to measure the extension of fabric. The techniques of digital image processing, such as binary conversion of image, noise points deleting, smooth processing of stripe edge and the stripe width measuring, were applied in this research. Based on experiment results, the relation between the fabric tension and extension were linear when the clothing was under the condition of small strength.
Research on High Grade Sense of Silk Garment Based on Kansei Engineering
Authors: Wang Qing Jin , Liu Jing Wei , Wu Jing
Published: January 2011

Silk was the most ancient export commodity, and it’s the evidence and pride of Chinese civilization. Silk is of noble temperament and deep culture; it is loved by old and young man at home and abroad. The high price of silk depends on its technic, therefore, in the development of silk garment, it is essential to consider high grade sense of silk garment. Silk has a certain high grade sense on texture and sheen, but it still needs to be combined with apparel color and pattern, which can make silk garment possess high grade sense. The paper aims at apparel color and pattern, extracts the key factors of high grade sense through the investigation of the comprehension and cognition of people. The paper is on the basis of the theory of Kansei Engineering. It extracts emotional evaluation factors of garment high grade sense by the way of interview and questionnaire survey, and then the author analyses the survey data by the statistic software of SPSS17.0. Finally the author concludes the different kinds of high grade sense which are understood by people. As a result, they can lead the development of silk garment.
Development of Intelligent Paper Pattern Design System for Women’s Trousers Based on Female Body Fig
Authors: Lu Xin , Mu Hong
Published: January 2011

In intelligent pattern design, relationship between human body Fig. characterestics and garment pattern structure should be established. In this paper, various female bodies of standard, convex stomach, convex hip, X style legs and O style legs respectively were chosen as objects, intelligent paper pattern design system based on body Fig. was established by carrying out intelligent creation of standard pattern design and special pattern revision based on nature semantic driving by using parameter designing principle of Fig. feature. The system adopted a type of hierarchical tree structure which fully considering optimization of multi-functions. Operators just need to input measurement data of human body and select or setup body Fig. following system prompt. And then paper pattern can be created and modified automatically according to the data and selection of operators. Operators can also change design by re-evaluating parameters to form intelligent garment PCAD so as to provide research basis of intelligent female trousers pattern design system.
Research on Clothing Digital Pattern Management System
Authors: Lao Yue Ming
Published: January 2011

To adapt to the characteristics of clothing production like small-batch, multi-type and pattern management issues, intensive studies and classification were carried out in regards to industrial clothing pattern manufacturing process in this paper. On the basis of classification, one model designed to build clothing digital pattern management system was proposed.
Traditional “Nv Gong” (Embroidery) Culture’s Implication to the Design of Modern Costume
Authors: Liu Wen
Published: January 2011

“Nv Gong”, also called embroidery, is one of traditional ethnic handicrafts of Chinese nation. It is made by stitching on the fabric in the light of the pattern designed and constituting some patterns or script. It is thereby called as “Nv Gong” because the embroidery is mostly made by women. The correct pronunciation of “Hong” in “Nv Hong” is “Gong”. The technique of “Nv Gong” (embroidery) is inherited from mother to daughter or mother-in-law to daughter-in-law, thus it is also called as “technique of mother”. The traditional “Nv Gong” (embroidery) plays a significant role in modern costume, and it injects cultural implication and vitality into the fashion. It not only stresses the blend of traditional culture and modern culture, but also emphasizes the concept of “only national technology can become popular in the world”. It both is a requirement for the appreciation of the beauty in modern costume, and shows the necessity of inheritance and promotion of traditional costume culture.
Cheongsam Design with Shanghai Style Depicted on the Calendar Advertising Paintings
Authors: Lv Jia , Bao Lin , Zhang Xin Ke
Published: January 2011

The “Calendar Painting” in the period of the Republic of China was a medium of commercial advertising, which was initially a calendar picture for products promotion. The typical images of beautiful women dressed in cheongsams depicted in the calendar paintings became the significant feature of commercial advertising at that time. Cheongsam, as a most important representative of garment for women in the period of the Republic of China, was accompanied by the changes of times of the Republic of China with its production, transformation and development. Based on the studies of calendar advertising paintings during the time of old Shanghai, this paper elaborates such as innovation of cheongsam dress style and pattern design. In the meantime, the characteristics of cheongsam design at that time, the breakthrough on traditional aesthetics for urban women and the effects to contemporary costume design from cheongsam with Shanghai style are also researched in this paper.
Evolution of Arm Accessories in the Tang Dynasty
Authors: Wang Qi Ming
Published: January 2011

There are many different forms of arm accessories in the Tang Dynasty. Their development is due to different times, cultures, religions, and nearby ethnic minorities. Accessories and clothing are closely related, thus clothes in the Tang Dynasty also influence the changes of arm accessories. There are three continuous periods of development: early, middle, and late, each with its own distinctive characteristics. The different forms of the arm accessories will be analyzed on the basis of the social and cultural background during the Tang Dynasty. The analysis will help to gain a better understanding of modern accessories.
Androgynous Style in Fashion
Authors: Chen Si
Published: January 2011

Fashion styles are closely related to their social and cultural background. Clothing is a product of materials and ideas. Clothing satisfies people physically and psychologically. Androgynous style is not a recent development; it was, is and will continue to be popular, which is special in fashion history. Androgynous style is prevailing currently. Despite its appearance, androgynous style is closely connected to social and cultural influences, for example, mass media, lifestyles and improvements in production methods in the clothing industry. In this paper, there is a deep examination of androgynous style, the significance of and reasons for its popularity with societies from the past up to today.
Study on the Main Factors of Marketable Costume
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hui , Xu Xu Bing
Published: January 2011

Information technology which takes the Internet as representative swifts development, more and more people who are pursuing more interesting and better tasting lifestyle pay more attention to the personality, emotion and originality of the product. Now, consumer market enters a new period which is characterized by fast, changing and personality. Under this complex background, how Designer organize production, sale and other clothing enterprise resources well, provide very markeTable design, is very important to promise the achievement of clothing enterprise, take full advantage of all the enterprise resources and adapt market changing. All these are to promise that a costume brand can possess core competitiveness. From the Influence of product, price, environment and publicity on a good clothing market design point of departure, preparation before design, process of design, evaluation of design, result and verification of design, these elements of design activity were analyzed in this paper. The results show that it is important for designer to cultivate the sensibility to the clothing market; to master the relation among design ,market and popular ,to guarantee design promote the sell, to achieve the goal that design can meet demand that people want to look for better lifestyle.
Decolorization of Indigo Carmine by Ganoderma weberianum
Authors: Zhou Yu Ping , Chen Qiong Hua , Cheng Hui Zhen , Gui Lin , Sun Li Li , Lei De Zhu , Ke De Sen , Tian Chang En
Published: January 2011

Many natural and synthetic dyes present in industrial effluents are resistant to degradation by conventional treatments. Decolorization of indigo carmine were carried out using a newly isolated ligninolytic fungus strain Ganoderma weberianum TZC1. This strain was shown to decolorize indigo carmine efficiently; the optimal pH and temperature were pH 5.0 and 33°C. A decolorization efficiency of 93% was achieved by cultivation for 1 h at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L. Furthermore, G. weberianum was shown to be used efficiently and repeatedly in repeated-batch decolorization operations with the mycelia pellets at the different ages. Our results suggest that G. weberianum has promising applications in dye-containing wastewater decolorization.
Species of Volatile Organic Compounds from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Huang Li Kun , Wang Guang Zhi , Zuo Jin Long
Published: January 2011

In order to investigate the characteristic of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the air and water samples were collected. The air samples were extracted and identified by GC/MS. The atmospheric VOCs species from all WWTP units were tested. It was shown that the main fugitive sources were primary clarifier and the room of sludge dewatering. The numbers were 33 and 30. The total species of VOCs emitted varied with a range of 16 to 33. The relationship between VOCs species and the change of water quality were discussed. The increasing of VOCs species was related with the higher SUVA, and the molecular weight of VOCs species in air sample gradually become lower along the wastewater treatment process. In the wastewater treatment process，the function of microbe did not contribute the whole effort on the removing of organic pollutants. VOCs volatilized from water phase could also reduce organic pollutants in water phase. In the whole WWTP, the main VOCs species were alkyl with small molecular weight, aromatic hydrocarbon material and naphthalene. Halogenated hydrocarbon was detected in primary treatment unit and anoxic tank.
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and its Application
Authors: Xin Hai Tao
Published: January 2011

A new hybrid algorithm that incorporates the gradient algorithm into the orthogonal genetic algorithm is presented in this paper. The experiments showed that it can achieve better performance by performing global search and local search alternately. The new algorithm can be applied to solve the function optimization problems efficiently.
Research on Soluble Protein Surface Hydrophobicity of Biomaterial Solution from Soy Protein Isolate - Polysaccharide System
Authors: Sui Chun Xia , Yu Guo Ping , Jiang Lian Zhou , Bao Yi Hong , Mei De Jun , Wang Shu , Zhang Zhi Hui
Published: January 2011

The work attempts to study the surface hydrophobicity (S0) of soy protein isolate（SPI）-guar gum(GG) systems for biomaterial. Effect of four factors on the S0 values of the mixtures were studied. A response surface analysis was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD)method in order to determine the effects and interactions of pH (6.0, 8.0, 10.0), salt(0.05, 0.15, 0.25M), guar gum(0.10, 0.30, 0.50% w/v) and SPI concentrations (3, 4, 5% w/v) on the S0 values of mixtures. The datas were fitted into second order quadratic model. Salt concentration, pH and SPI concentration, interactions between pH and salt concentration, pH and GG concentration, pH and SPI concentration, GG and SPI concentrations were significant(P<0.05).
Application of SRAP and ISSR Molecular Markers in Genetic Diversity of DaXing’anling Area Wild Auricularia auricula
Authors: Liu Hua Jing , Xu Xiu Hong , Yu Xiao , Jiang Ting Bo , Zou Xue Zhong
Published: January 2011

A genetic diversity analysis was conducted, of 14 wild Auricularia auricula strains and 6 cultivated strains from DaXing'anling region by SRAP and ITS markers. Using PCR-SRAP system, we selected 9 pairs of primers for the wild and cultivated strains respectively, and analyzed their genetic diversity through clustering analysis. The results were as follows: 88 fragments were amplified, and the polymorphic bands were 76. The PIC (polymorphism information content) value of these markers varied from 0.048 to 0.918, averaging 0.599. Kinship of Auricularia auricula strains was determined by analyzing their ITS sequences. The software ClustalX 1.83 and MEGA 4.1 were used to conduct the phylogeny analysis. The results were as follows: ITS 1, 5.8 S, ITS2 had as many genetic loci as 52.1%. Cluster analysis of the two kinds of markers were congruous and there were more genetic diversities in wild strains than in cultivated strains. SRAP and ITS techniques can be used to analyze the genetic diversity in the future study.
Biological Contamination Control of Activated Carbon Filter
Authors: Jian Pei Chao , Zhang Zhao Hui , Zhang Yu Feng , Zhang Qin
Published: January 2011

Activated carbon filter is often used as the pretreatment process of nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane system, especially when the content of organics and free chlorine in influent water is high. However, a lot of microorganisms often rapidly reproduce in the activated carbon filter after continuous operation, resulting in a large number of bacteria in the effluent. So when the activated carbon filter was used as pretreatment of membrane systems, membrane fouling caused by biological contamination often occurred. The objective of this paper was to discuss how to effectively control the activated carbon biological contamination. Three different control methods—water backwashing, hot alkali treatment and ultrasound treatment were compared. Results showed that ultrasound treatment was the most effective. A relatively high removal efficiency of biomass (above 90%) was obtained when 40 kHz ultrasound was applied at 90 W for 20 min. Bacterial count in the effluent can be decreased from 3.90×104CFU•mL-1 to 8.5×103CFU•mL-1. After 3 days of continuous operation, bacteria count increased from 8.5×103CFU•mL-1 to 4.06×104CFU•mL-1. After ultrasound treatment, the removal efficiency of CODCr increased from -386.3% to 73.8%.
Study on Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation Process for the Treatment of Regeneration Wastewater from Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Che Chun Bo
Published: January 2011

An integrated process including Fenton-oxidation coagulation and sedimentation was utilized to treat ion-exchange resin regenerating wastewater in order to investigate the best suitable treatment conditions of coagulation-sedimentation process with PFS and PAM as coagulants. The performance of the integrated process is much better than that of the coagulation-sedimentation process. Experimental results show that coagulation-sedimentation process method on ion exchange resin regenerating wastewater is efficiency. Results showed that COD and conductivity was 45.6 mg•L-1 and 864.7μs•cm-1.
A Bacteriocin Produced by Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0373 Isolated from “Jiaoke”, a Traditional Fermented Cream from China
Authors: Wang Hui , Gong Han Sheng , Meng Xiang Chen , Man Li Li
Published: January 2011

A bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus brevis KLDS1.0373 which was isolated from “Jiaoke”, a traditional, naturally fermented cream from Inner Mongolia in China was reported in this article. The bacteriocin was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by sequential gel filtration chromatography, and the apparent molecular weight of the partially purified bacteriocin was estimated at approximately 3.8 kDa.
Chemical Components and Nitrite Cleaning Activity of Essential Oil from Tagetes erecta L. Leaf
Authors: Li Jian , Song Shuai Di , Zhang Ruo Nan , Liu Ning , Li Chen Chen
Published: January 2011

Steam distillation oil (SDO) and simultaneous distillation oil (SDEO) were obtained from Tagetes Erecta L. leaf of Heilongjiang province by steam distillation method and simultaneous distillation method, respectively. The yields were 0.0943% and 1.005%. Compared the differentiation of essential oil through the GC-MS analysis, the result indicated that there were twenty-nine kinds of compounds can be confirmed from SDO and fifty-one kinds can be confirmed from SDEO. The two kinds of essential oil were assayed for affinity to scavenge sodium nitrite for the purpose of characterizing mechanisms of nitrite cleaning activity. Both show strong nitrite cleaning activity up to a concentration of 0.1mL.The maximum scavenging rate was 95.18% (SDO) and 54.28% (SDEO).
Study of the Critical Displacement of Landslides by Renormalization-Group Theory
Authors: Huang Xin , Qin Si Qing , Niu Jing Rui , Xue Lei , Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the two-dimensional renormalization group model for the failure process of a locked patch is designed according to the locked patch concept and renormalization group theory. The stress transfer among the blocks is defined with the conditional probability method. The critical probability P* of locked patch is obtained. By analysis the possible linkage between the failure mechanism of locked patch and evolution of landslides, it is found that the critical instability displacement of landslides has a dependency on the displacement at the onset point of accelerating creep, the number and the homogeneity of locked patches. At displacement less than the critical displacement, virtually no locked patch fails on a large scale. Above the critical displacement, the locked patch fails. After the failure of the last patch, the landslide would occur.
Effect of Tillage Systems on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Quality in a Purple Paddy Soil
Authors: Zhang Jun Ke , Hao Qing Ju , Jiang Chang Sheng , Wu Yan
Published: January 2011

The impact of conservation tillage practices on carbon sequestration has been of great interest in recent years. This experiment analyzed the organic carbon status of soils sampled at depth increments from 0 to 60 cm after 20 years in a purple paddy soil. The tillage experiment was established in the Key Field Station for Monitoring of Eco-Environment of Purple Soil of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, located in the farm of Southwest University (30°26′N, 106°26′E), Chongqing. In this paper, five tillage treatments including conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SL), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF) were selected as research objectives to measure SOC storage and stratification ratio of SOC (CSR). The SOC storage under different tillage systems was calculated based on an equivalent soil mass. The CSR can be used as an indicator of soil quality because surface organic matter is essential to erosion control, water infiltration, and the conservation of nutrients. Results showed that in soil under no-till SOC was concentrated near the surface, while in tilled soil SOC decreased equably with the increase of soil depth. The difference of SOC contents between the five tillage systems was the largest in the top soil and the lowest in the bottom soil. The order of SOC storage was LM (158.52 Mg C•ha-1) >DP (106.74 Mg C•ha-1) >XM (100.11 Mg C•ha-1) >LF (93.11 Mg C•ha-1) >SL (88.59 Mg C•ha-1), LM treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The CSR of 0-10/50-60 cm was 2.65, 2.70 and 2.14 under LM, XM and LF treatments, while 1.54 and 1.92 under DP and SL treatments. We considered CSR>2 indicate an improvement in soil quality produced by changing from tillage to no-tillage, as well as changing from plane to ridge. Overall, long-term LM treatment is a valid strategy for increasing SOC storage and improving soil quality in a purple paddy soil in Southwest China.
The Phosphorous Removal after Anaerobic Stages of Different Durations and under Different Organic Loadings in the Reversed A2/O Process
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Chang Qing , Qiao Zhong , Chang Gong Fa , Qu Yan Hui , Bi Xue Jun
Published: January 2011

The phosphorous removal behaviors under higher and moderate organic loading and after different durations of anaerobic stages were studied in the reversed A2/O process. Under both loading, the length of anaerobic stages did not significantly affect the subsequent aerobic phosphorus uptake efficiencies. Under higher loading, the available carbon sources are adequate, prolonging anaerobic stages led to more released phosphorus from phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). However, the phosphorus uptake rate in aerobic stage was almost the same as that of lower loading. At an anaerobic reaction time of 2.0 h, the corresponding specific aerobic phosphorus uptake rate achieved the highest value (6.13 mg/(L.h)). These results can help to determine the anaerobic hydraulic retention time in the reversed A2/O process.
Study on the Optimal Isolation Technique of Superoxide Dismutase from Pig and Bovine Blood Block
Authors: Liu Feng Xia , Luo Jian Cheng , Wang Ying , Xue Gang
Published: January 2011

Double, three factor-test and orthogonal designs were employed to study the effect of protective agent, membranolytic agent, activating agent, denaturalization temperature and denaturalization time on SOD extracted from pig and bovine blood block. The results of double and three factor-tests show that the variance between pig and bovine blood block was obviously significant (P<0.01). The mixture protective agent was better than single, the best was 1.5% galactosylglucose + 0.5% β-cyclodextrin + 0.25% PEG, and the better membranolytic agent was 3% Triton X-100 + 0.5% n-butyl alcohol for bovine blood, and 3% Triton X-100 for pig blood. The optimal dosage of protective agent was 20% of blood block weight, the optimal dosage of membranolytic agent was 15-20% of blood block weigh, and the best optimal dosage of activator was 2.5%. The best optimal combination of orthogonal experiment for bovine blood block was A2B2C2, and the best optimal combination of pig blood was A1B1C2. Under those conditions, the activity of SOD exceeded 3000 U/mg protein.
Optimization of Potato Starch Residue L-Lactic Fermentation Culture Conditions
Authors: Xu Zhong , Liu Nan , Zhao Dan , Wang Duo
Published: January 2011

Potato starch residue was used as raw material , a single factor test was used to determine the lactobacillus casei L-lactic fermentation in the amounts of CaCO3 addition, fermentation temperature, residue saccharification of starch concentration, the optimal dosage range of fermentation time. With 4 factors and 3 levels of 4 orthogonal test of L-lactic acid by fermentation. The order was: the fermentation temperature> saccharification concentration> fermentation period >CaCO3 dosage. Optimization was as follow : residue saccharification of starch concentration was 80g/L, fermentation temperature was 37°C, CaCO3 addition level was 60g/L, fermentation time was of 60h. Fermentation conditions for this verification test, L-lactic acid content was 72.3g/L, compared with 15.1% before optimization.
Research of Faith in E-Commerce Safety
Authors: Han Dong Mei
Published: January 2011

As the development of computers and internet technologies, e-commerce has become the global new business model, and become a necessity of social needs, so it is valued highly by all trades. In the implementation process of electronic commerce, security has been the bottleneck that discourages the further development of the electronic commerce. E-commerce security is a system concept, in addition to technical problems, management problems are also very important. It also links the social morality, the industrial management and the behavior patterns together. At the same time, e-commerce is a dynamic characteristic of security, and it will change as time. Some of the security problems can be solved through technical means, but nontechnical topics attack could easily break or bypass the hardworking of people in building the security environment. Therefore, to establish a sound and integrated mechanism and to remove the people's idea completely will ensure the safety of electronic commerce.
Rapid Decolorization of Rhodamine B by UV/Fe(III)-Penicillamine Process under Neutral pH: Compared with UV/Fe(III)-Oxalate
Authors: Xue Xiao Fei , Liu Yan Xiang , Shao Yan Qing , Deng Nan Sheng
Published: January 2011

This study investigated the decolorization of Rhodamine B by the UV/Fe(III)-Oxalate and UV/Fe(III)-Penicillamine process under neutral pH. Fe(III)-Penicillamine complexes showed much higher photoactivity than that of Fe(III)-Oxalate complexes. The efficiency for decolorization of Rhodamine B at pH 5.0 was 59% and 88% in Fe(III)-Oxalate and Fe(III)-Penicillamine complexes aqueous solution after 60 min irradiation, respectively, whereas, 35% and 57% was achieved at pH 7.0. Compared to the Fe(III)/Oxalate system, the kinetic constants kapp (min-1) for Rhodamine B decolorization in Fe(III)/Penicillamine system increased 2.4 and 2.0 times at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. According to the obtained results, it was quite reasonable to conclude that penicillamine should play a similar role in Fe(III)-Penicillamine aqueous solution as oxalate did in Fe(III)-Oxalate solution. The results obtained indicated that the UV/Fe(III)-Penicillamine process was probably an alternative method to treat dye pollutant at neutral pH condition.
Comparative Study of Ozone Alone and Catalytic Ozonation for Transformation of Natural Organic Matter in River Water
Authors: Wen Gang , Ma Jun , Fang Xing
Published: January 2011

Ozone alone and catalytic ozonation of natural organic matter had been carried out in semibatch model reactor. The experimental results demonstrated that ozonation alone and catalytic ozonation are equivalent with minimization of natural organic matter(NOM), with the removal rate of TOC, UV254 about 7 % and 50 % respectively. But it is a promising method for changing the molecular weight and specially for enhancement of biodegradation. The AOC in river water was 233 ug L-1, which increase up to 325 ug L-1, 677 ug L-1, 633 ug L-1 in ozonation alone, catalytic ozonation (H2O2) and catalytic ozonation (ZnO) after 30 minutes reaction respectively. Through the research, it can be conclued that catalytic ozonation-BAC may be an promising way for water treatment.
Benthic Assemblages and their Relationships with Water Quality Measures in the Songhua River, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yu Hong Xian , Ma Ling
Published: January 2011

This study was based on surveys of zoobenthos in the Songhua River during summer and autumn 2008 to provide baseline information for future regulations on water quality. Based on the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, the Margalef richness index, the Simpson biological index and the Goodnight-Whitely modification index, water quality was categorized based on zoobenthos assemblages. In summer, 21 species of zoobenthos were recorded: 8 aquatic insect larvae, 10 mollusks and 6 annelids. In autumn, 24 species of zoobenthos were recorded: 11 aquatic insect larvae, 9 mollusks and 4 annelids. During the summer, zoobenthos densities ranged from 16 to 3200 organisms/m2, averaging 723 organisms/m2, while biomass ranged from 0 to 106 g/m2, averaging 26 g/m2. During the autumn, zoobenthos densities ranged from 16 to 6368 organisms/m2, averaging 1321 organisms/m2. Biomass ranged from 0 to 92 g/m2, averaging 31 g/m2. The study has important practical significance, as it shows the possibility to monitor and evaluate aquatic bio-indicators reflecting the water quality of Songhua River.
Construction of the Food Safety System Based on the Internet Monitoring System
Authors: Han Dong Mei
Published: January 2011

The article analyzes the situation of the food quality and safety system and comes to the key to strengthen a food quality and safety management, which Is to enhance transparency of the food quality and safety information and build a system of retrospective responsibility for quality. It proposes designs base on the internet and network bar code monitoring system of food quality and safety and establishment of database of all possible queries, etc.
Study on the Liquid Fermentation to Produce Monascus Pigment with Corn Starch and Antibacteria
Authors: Xu Wei
Published: January 2011

Corn flour was used as raw materials, Monascus M3428 was selected. Monascus pigment was produced by liquid-state fermentation. Through the orthogonal experiment to study the influence of the liquid volume of flasks, the table rotation，the fermentation time and the fermentation fluid initial pH to Monascus pigments production. The optimal fermentation condition was obtained: 100 mL fermentation fluid in 500 mL flasks; rotational speed of 150r/min; fermentation time of 14d; fermentation fluid initial pH of 4.5. Further preliminarily study the inhibition function against E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, White aureus, Yeast and Mycete. The results was obtained: Monascus pigments had strong inhibition function against Bacillus subtilis, had weak inhibition function against E.coli and Yeast, but had no inhibition function against Staphylococcus albus or Mycete.
Adsorption of Nitrobenzene and Benzoic Acid from Aqueous Solution by All-Silica Zeolite Beta
Authors: Qin Qing Dong , Ma Jun , Fu Da Fang
Published: January 2011

All-silica zeolite beta (BEA) was tested for the ability to remove nitrobenzene and benzoic acid from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, temperature, initial concentration and initial pH were investigated in a batch reactor system. Adsorption of nitrobenzene decreased with increase in temperature. The equilibrium isotherm was L-shaped. Nitrobenzene adsorption was independent of pH. Adsorption of benzoic acid increased with increasing temperature from 5 °C to 22 °C and decreased with increasing temperature from 22°C to 32 °C. The equilibrium isotherm was approximately S-shaped. Benzoic acid adsorption was dependent of pH. At pH8.0, benzoic acid can also be adsorbed effectively. The results above confirmed that BEA had the potential to be utilized as relatively effective adsorbent for nitrobenzene and benzoic acid removal.
Smoke Production Ability during Combustion of the Four Conifer-Tree Species in Hei Long Jiang Province
Authors: Sun Long , Hu Hai Qing , Ju Lin
Published: January 2011

The combustibility of four conifer-tree species in Xiaoxing’an Mountain, Heilongjiang Province was studied by cone calorimetric analysis. The four species were Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc、Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv、Picea koraiensis Nakai、Larix gmelinii Rupr.. The thermal characteristics of leaves and barks, including smoke production rate(SPR)、specific extinction area(SEA)、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO2 )、the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO)、the production of carbon dioxide ( PCO )were tested and recorded simultaneously.Th results showed that ,at a heat reflux of 50 kW•m-2, the values of SPR , SEA , the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the production of carbon dioxide (PCO) of Larix gmelinii Rupr. t had strong smoke inhibiting effect. Both Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc had strong smoke inhibiting effect, and Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc was most recommended as fire resistance species for fire-preventing forest belts.
Effect of Soil Pb Pollution on Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics of Young Tilia amurensis Rupr.
Authors: Xu Wen Yuan , Mu Li Qiang , Sun Long , Wang Zhi Xin
Published: January 2011

Three-year old Tilia amerensis Rupr. was taken as study subject in a pot experiment. Chlorophyll content, REC, peroxidase activity, SOD activity, and other indices of Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were assayed. The experimental results show that Pb contaminated and destroyed the chloroplast structure of Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves and impeded the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves. When Pb concentration was 10 mg•kg-1–100 mg•kg-1, REC of the Tilia extract was roughly equal to that of the control group, and Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were contaminated by Pb to a small degree. When Pb concentration reached a higher level, REC increased rapidly and Tilia amerensis Rupr. leaves were contaminated substantially. Low Pb concentration may lower the POD activity of the leaves. However, when Pb concentration was high, the POD activity elevated and Tilia amerensis Rupr. could exhibit various reactions to instinctively defend itself. The SOD activity of the Pb-contaminated Tilia amerensis Rupr. was slightly higher than that of the control group, and the ROS content remained low. The SOD enzyme system was undamaged.
Pollution Characteristics of First Flush in Different Functional Districts of Beijing City
Authors: Wang Jian Long , Wei Feng , Wu Che , Yi Hong Xin
Published: January 2011

Campus, sidewalk, business-street and viaduct's surface runoff in Beijing city were selected to carry on the sampling and examination, through several field rainfall contrastively analysis found that: COD, SS and the TP of the viaduct initial period runoff is obviously higher than other functional districts, and the TN of the campus is highest. Although the runoff water quality is difference in different functional districts, the concentration first flush phenomenon is all very obvious. Various functional districts have the obvious mass first flush phenomenon. When we control 20% of the initial stormwater runoff, it is possible to control 40%-60% of the pollutant total quantity.
Complex Terrain of Atmospheric Pollution Diffusion Mode
Authors: Wang Ying Wei , Li Ke Xin , Li Yu Fei , Li Yu Wen
Published: January 2011

Atmospheric turbulence and atmospheric diffusion on atmospheric environment impact assessment have influence on the job. Only use existing theoretical model to the actual situation and formulation. Therefore, the prediction practical results were biggish error. Starting from the model, this paper discusses related by complex pollutant in topographic influence, atmospheric diffusion regularity in. Through the contrast analysis of 1993 technical guideline and 2008 edition of atmospheric air, in technical guideline for atmospheric diffusion parameters, stability, principle and model, building under complicated topography and the processing, 2008 edition of atmospheric technical guideline of 1993 than the technical guideline for air superiority, advanced. While the future of atmospheric environmental impact assessment work will play a positive role in promoting.
Dipicolinic Acid Contents Used for Estimating the Number of Spores in Raw Milk
Authors: Han Xue , Zhang Lan Wei , Zhen Feng , Yi Hua Xi , Du Ming , Zhang Li Li , Li Yan Hua , Wang Wei Jun
Published: January 2011

A new rapid detection the number of spores method had been developed in raw milk through analyzing dipicolinic acid. The method was based on the concentration of DPA in raw milk which was converted into endospore numbers using endospore forming pure cultures as standards. To increase the detection limit the extraction of DPA from endospores in raw milk was optimized. The results showed adding 0.5 mL of the 0.1 mol L-1DTT solutions into centrifuged raw milk (4 mL containing spores) and incubating at 25°C for 30 min, then adding 2 mol L-1HCl at boiling water for 30 min, the concentration of DPA was highest. The relationship between the absorbency (expressed in DPA) and the counts of spores was established. And the regression equation was obtained that is y = 0.1087 x － 0.3182, R2 = 0.7842. Thus, the methods of detection spores were ascertained in skim milk. The detection limits were 1.46×103 CFU mL-1.
Bioaugmentation for Biomass Production at Low Temperature Using Enriched Psychroactive Methanogenic Consortia
Authors: Qiu Tian Lei , Sun Xiao Hong , Wang Xu Ming , Han Mei Lin , Cheng Lei , Deng Yu
Published: January 2011

Biogas fermentation is always limited or affected at low temperature conditions, one of key factors may be physiological adaption of methanogenic communities to low temperature. Howerer, biogas process could be stimulated and enhanced with addition of enriched consortia. Here, six psychroactive methanogenic consortiums were enriched as additives, and consortium E-1 was found to be most effective at 150C. The total biogas production addition with E-1 improved 39.3 % and 17.0% from pig manure and cow manure, respectively, when decreasing from 210C to 150C, which is a potential microbial addition for biogas fermentation at low temperature.
The Different Metabolic Activity of Activated Sludge Samples Taken from Reversed A2/O Process and Conventional A2/O Process
Authors: Kang Xing Sheng , Liu Chang Qing , Huang Li Zhu , Chang Gong Fa , Qiao Zhong , Zhang Bo , Bi Xue Jun
Published: January 2011

The metabolic activity of sludge samples taken from two pilot scale activated sludge reactor was studied. The two reactors were of the same size and structure. One was operated according to the reversed A2/O process (R-reactor) and another was operated according to conventional A2/O process (C-reactor). The activities of dehydrogenase (DHA) and electron transport system (ETS) and the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of sludge taken from R-reactor were 34.98%, 22.44% and 12.70% higher than those of the sludge taken from C-reactor. As for the R-reactor, the sludge undergoes aerobic condition right after anaerobic experience. Compared to entering aerobic stage from anoxic stage (C-reactor), entering aerobic stage from anaerobic stage can significantly enhance the activity of microbes, accelerate the decomposition of organics and improve the SOUR of the sludge.