bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Fetal Cardiology: What to Expect
Authors: Garcia-Canadilla Patricia , Sanchez-Martinez Sergio , Crispi Fatima , Bijnens Bart
Published: January 2020

In fetal cardiology, imaging (especially echocardiography) has demonstrated to help in the diagnosis and monitoring of fetuses with a compromised cardiovascular system potentially associated with several fetal conditions. Different ultrasound approaches are currently used to evaluate fetal cardiac structure and function, including conventional 2-D imaging and M-mode and tissue Doppler imaging among others. However, assessment of the fetal heart is still challenging mainly due to involuntary movements of the fetus, the small size of the heart, and the lack of expertise in fetal echocardiography of some sonographers. Therefore, the use of new technologies to improve the primary acquired images, to help extract measurements, or to aid in the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities is of great importance for optimal assessment of the fetal heart. Machine leaning (ML) is a computer science discipline focused on teaching a computer to perform tasks with specific goals without explicitly programming the rules on how to perform this task. In this review we provide a brief overview on the potential of ML techniques to improve the evaluation of fetal cardiac function by optimizing image acquisition and quantification/segmentation, as well as aid in improving the prenatal diagnoses of fetal cardiac remodeling and abnormalities.
The Frequency of Familial Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: Should We Screen Asymptomatic First-Degree Relatives Using Urinary Tract Ultrasonography?
Authors: Suman Gök Ebru , Ayvacı Adnan , Ağbaş Ayşe , Adaletli İbrahim , Canpolat Nur , Sever Lale , Çalışkan Salim
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with a CAKUT diagnosis and to evaluate the benefits of such screening. Methods: Files of patients who were followed up at Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology Outpatient Clinic, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa between 1998 and 2016 were examined retrospectively and those with CAKUT were identified. These patients, and their asymptomatic first-degree relatives, were invited to participate in this study. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract was performed in siblings and parents of 145 CAKUT patients (index cases) who could be reached by phone and agreed to participate. Results: A total of 412 asymptomatic first-degree relatives of 145 index patients were screened by ultrasound. CAKUT was diagnosed in 23 individuals among the family members of 21 index subjects. Anomalies detected in asymptomatic first-degree relatives were renal agenesis (RA) and grade 3 hydronephrosis (n = 1), RA (n = 7), renal hypodysplasia (n = 7), grade 2 hydronephrosis (n = 1), and grade 1 hydronephrosis (n = 7). The frequency of familial CAKUT was 14.4%. Familial RA was found in 3 of the 5 families of index cases with RA. Conclusion: The ratio of familial CAKUT was 14.4%. The findings of the present study could not support a systematic family screening to all asymptomatic first-degree relatives; however, family screening with ultrasonography can be considered for children with RA.
Regression to the Mean in Measurements of Growth Rates in Geographic Atrophy
Authors: Biarnés Marc , Monés Jordi
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Comparison of patients with extremely high and low values of a given characteristic is a common strategy to gain insights into disease mechanisms, but this approach is particularly susceptible to regression to the mean (RTM). Objective: The aim of this work was to determine RTM in growth rate measurements in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the GAIN (NCT01694095) and its extension study, in which individuals 50 years or older with pure GA were followed for a minimum of 6 months. Two repeated and masked measurements of area of atrophy, both at baseline and final visits, were made, and growth rates were calculated for each. RTM was determined graphically and statistically, and the percentage of eyes misclassified as having fast and slow progression rates due to RTM was determined for different definitions of “fast” and “slow” growth. Results: We included 112 eyes of 112 patients: 64.3% were females, the mean age was 78.1 (SD ±7.6) years, and the mean follow-up time was 3.2 (±2.2) years. There was RTM, which decreased when the mean of two measurements was used. The magnitude of RTM in growth rates ranged from 2 to 11 µm/year and led to misclassification of eyes considered to have fast and slow growth between 2.9 and 10.3% of the cases, depending on the definition of fast and slow growth. Conclusions: RTM was present in measurements of GA growth rate, but it had a modest impact on patient misclassification. Comparison of features between patients with extreme growth rates is a reasonable strategy, but RTM should be minimized by taking the mean of two measurements.
Enhancement of power system performance with wind farm disturbances
Authors: El-Sharkawy Mahmoud M. , Attia Mahmoud A. , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y.
Published: January 2020

This paper discussed how wind farm disturbance, especially wind speed variability, can affect the performance of the power system. Also, it discussed how blades angels of wind turbine can be controlled to increase the energy efficacy of the power system. It showed that the optimized pitch angel controller using harmony search algorithm could enhance blades angels’ adjustments performance. First part, the paper explained the advantages of doubly fed induction generator in wind turbine system. Paper also enumerated the most probable ways to tame the wind speed variability challenge focusing on the pitch angle controller technique. After that, paper compared the system parameter`s result before optimization with values after optimized pitch angle controller gain (Kp). This comparison would be held in three cases, case of variable wind speed with normal operation condition, constant wind speed with line to ground fault condition and variable wind speed with line to ground fault condition. Finally, It demonstrated the MATLAB/SIMULINK model used illustrating results appeared and conclusion.
Supervisory control of operation of a cogeneration plant using fuzzy logic
Authors: Pandurangan Vivek , Malik Om P.
Published: January 2020

A fuzzy logic based supervisory controller for the multivariable control problem in the operation of a cogeneration plant is proposed. Results of simulation studies with the proposed controller on a dynamic model of the cogeneration plant show that the plant performs to expectations and tracks the set-points in an optimal manner while maintaining critical plant parameters within limits.
Detecting Hand Posture in Piano Playing Using Depth Data
Authors: Johnson David , Damian Daniela , Tzanetakis George
Published: January 2020

We present research for automatic assessment of pianist hand posture that is intended to help beginning piano students improve their piano-playing technique during practice sessions. To automatically assess a student's hand posture, we propose a system that is able to recognize three categories of postures from a single depth map containing a pianist's hands during performance. This is achieved through a computer vision pipeline that uses machine learning on the depth maps for both hand segmentation and detection of hand posture. First, we segment the left and right hands from the scene captured in the depth map using per-pixel classification. To train the hand-segmentation models, we experiment with two feature descriptors, depth image features and depth context features, that describe the context of individual pixels' neighborhoods. After the hands have been segmented from the depth map, a posture-detection model classifies each hand as one of three possible posture categories: correct posture, low wrists, or flat hands. Two methods are tested for extracting descriptors from the segmented hands, histograms of oriented gradients and histograms of normal vectors. To account for variation in hand size and practice space, detection models are individually built for each student using support vector machines with the extracted descriptors. We validate this approach using a data set that was collected by recording four beginning piano students while performing standard practice exercises. The results presented in this article show the effectiveness of this approach, with depth context features and histograms of normal vectors performing the best.
Modeling the influence of the hippocampal memory system on the oculomotor system
Authors: Ryan Jennifer D. , Shen Kelly , Kacollja Arber , Tian Heather , Griffiths John , Bezgin Gleb , McIntosh Anthony R.
Published: January 2020

Visual exploration is related to activity in the hippocampus (HC) and/or extended medial temporal lobe system (MTL), is influenced by stored memories, and is altered in amnesic cases. An extensive set of polysynaptic connections exists both within and between the HC and oculomotor systems such that investigating how HC responses ultimately influence neural activity in the oculomotor system, and the timing by which such neural modulation could occur, is not trivial. We leveraged TheVirtualBrain, a software platform for large-scale network simulations, to model the functional dynamics that govern the interactions between the two systems in the macaque cortex. Evoked responses following the stimulation of the MTL and some, but not all, subfields of the HC resulted in observable responses in oculomotor regions, including the frontal eye fields, within the time of a gaze fixation. Modeled lesions to some MTL regions slowed the dissipation of HC signal to oculomotor regions, whereas HC lesions generally did not affect the rapid MTL activity propagation to oculomotor regions. These findings provide a framework for investigating how information represented by the HC/MTL may influence the oculomotor system during a fixation and predict how HC lesions may affect visual exploration.
A new species of Proneuronema (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from late Eocene Rovno amber
Authors: MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , PERKOVSKY EVGENY E.
Published: January 2020

Proneuronema sidorchukae sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae: Drepanepteryginae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. It is most similar to P. minor from Baltic amber, but easily distinguished from it by some crossveins in the third gradate series of the forewing broadly margined with dark brown, the proximal part of the costal space narrower, and proximal subcostal veinlets more oblique. The new species is the smallest known of the genus, with a forewing length of 5.9 mm. Rovno amber hemerobiids show a tendency to decrease in size compared to congeneric or conspecific specimens from Baltic amber. The morphology and terminology of the mesonotum in Hemerobiidae is discussed.
Re-description of larvae of Chostonectes nebulosus (Macleay, 1871) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini, Sternopriscina) with an identification key to the known larvae of Chostonectes Sharp, 1882
Authors: TSYRLIN EDWARD , CAREW MELISSA , ALARIE YVES
Published: January 2020

The second and third larval instars of the Australian endemic dytiscid Chostonectes nebulosus (Macleay, 1871) are described and illustrated for the first time including a detailed chaetotaxic analysis of head capsule and appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Collected larvae were successfully associated with adults using rearing and a molecular approach. The identification key and COI barcodes for C. nebulosus, C. gigas (Boheman, 1858) and C. johnsonii (Clark, 1862) are provided.
Modelling for the Prediction of Melting Temperature for Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Sachin  , Pandey Brijesh K. , Jaiswal Ratan Lal
Published: January 2020

At nano level, materials show very interesting physical properties with the variation of shape and size. The prediction of this behaviour has been a burning issue in the recent years in the scientific community as well. Even the physical properties of these materials are poorly investigated
experimentally. To explain the sharp change in the properties of metals, as reported by some investigators, at their nanolevel, different models have been proposed. It is observed that in their theoretical prediction, they have not considered the exact arrangement of atoms in the lattice.
In our attempt to understand the behaviour of the nanomaterials, we have studied the melting temperature of some nanosolids having face centered cubic lattice such as Aluminium (Al), Copper (Cu), Paladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt) and Gold (Au), considering different shapes with their sizes ranging
from 30 nm to more smaller dimensions. For modelling analysis, we have considered the very basic and fundamental relation of cohesive energy with melting temperature along with modification with two realistic physical quantities-packing fraction and particle shape factor simultaneously to
account the arrangements of atoms within the nanoparticle and on the surface as well. Our study shows that there is a very marked change in the melting temperature of the metallic nanosolids below 20 nm. Although in the earlier reported works, it has been claimed that this variation occurs
at somewhat higher values. In this variation, the tetrahedral structure exhibits maximum variation of melting temperature while spherical one corresponds to the minimum change. In case of gold, our simulated data has been compared with available experimental values which is found in good agreement
with it. This agreement between experimental and computed data validates our proposed model for the prediction of melting temperature of nanoparticles at varying dimensions viz, shape and size. Thus our proposed modification in the existing model is more appropriate in the prediction of melting
point of nanoparticles with its varying shape and size.
Preparation and high-temperature microwave absorbing properties of 6H-SiC/MWCNT/silicon resin composites
Authors: Li Jin-Shuh , Wang Sheng-Chih , Hwang Chyi-Ching
Published: January 2020

Microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) have been widely used in the military and industrial fields. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to develop hybrid composition, multilayer structure absorbers to meet requirements such as strong absorption characteristics, wide absorption
frequencies, light weights and oxidation resistance. In this study, a series of flexible composites consisting of 6H-SiC powder (40–50 wt.%), silicon resin (60–50 wt.%) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, additional 0.05–0.2 wt.%) were prepared and applied to produce
high-temperature microwave absorbers via the spray coating method. The prepared composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microwave absorbing properties of the composites were measured in the 4–18
GHz frequency range by the free space measurement method. The TGA thermograms indicated that the thermal stabilities of the prepared composites increased with increases in the 6H-SiC content but were less affected by increases in the MWCNT content. The actual measurement results showed that
the optimum composition was 50 wt.% 6H-SiC, 50 wt.% silicon resin and an additional 0.2 wt.% MWCNT. The minimum reflection loss (RL) value of –58.9 dB was observed at 9.7 GHz with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < –10 dB, for 90% microwave absorption)
reached 2.3 GHz. At a high temperature of 450 °C, the absorption peak was located at 10.0 GHz with a reflection loss of – 13.7 dB, and the effective frequency bandwidth still reached 1.6 GHz.
What People Know about the Weather
Authors: Nunley Christopher , Sherman-Morris Kathleen
Published: January 2020

Recent social science research has provided a better understanding of risk communication and decision-making. However, less is understood about the public’s actual weather knowledge, how they assess their weather knowledge, and how knowledge may relate to weather forecast information use. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of self-perceived and assessed weather knowledge of participants. Psychology literature indicates some people are prone to overestimating their knowledge, which is known as the Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE), but this has yet to be studied in a meteorological context. This study compared participants’ assessed weather knowledge with their self-perceived weather knowledge, and results indicate participants with the lowest assessed weather knowledge do overestimate their weather knowledge, a result consistent with previous psychological studies. Participants who obtained a weather forecast more frequently exhibited higher perceived and assessed weather knowledge. Higher perceived and assessed weather knowledge was also observed among users of a specialty weather website compared to a more general audience. The study raises interesting questions about how users of different weather sources acquire or (add to) their weather knowledge and is the first study to explore DKE in the context of weather communication.
Oceanic Mixing over the Northern Arabian Sea in a Warming Scenario: Tug of War between Wind and Buoyancy Forces
Authors: Praveen V. , Valsala V. , Ajayamohan R. S. , Balasubramanian Sridhar
Published: January 2020

A consensus of the twenty-first-century climate change in the ocean is surface warming, stratification due to extreme freshening and subsequent weakening of mixing, overturning circulation, and biological production. Counterintuitively, certain parts of the tropical ocean may develop a resistance to changes in mixing, where the climate change impacts of atmosphere and ocean are complementary to each other. Under the poleward shift of monsoon low-level jet (LLJ) in the twenty-first century, a part of the northern Arabian Sea has a tendency to maintain the mixed layer depth intact. The process is studied using a set of high-resolution regional ocean model downscaling experiments for the present and future climate. It is found that the wind intensification caused by the shift in LLJ tends to counteract the stratification gained by surface ocean warming and maintains the mixing process in a warming scenario. The mixing energetics shed light on the way in which this is achieved. Intensified winds promote shear production and surface ocean warming demotes buoyancy production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), with a net effect of an increase in TKE. However, TKE appears to be dissipating quickly because of the presence of a larger number of small-scale eddies. This causes the mixing length and mixed layer depth to remain intact. Therefore, the interpretations of impacts of future climate change in ocean mixing should be viewed with caution, at least regionally, by focusing on the detailed changes of the governing mechanisms.
Clinical value of CTLA4-associated microRNAs combined with inflammatory factors in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Tang Chunlian , Song Xianda , Cheng Lanfang , Liu Ying , Ding Fan , Xia Chun , Xue Lian , Xiao Jun , Huang Baorong
Published: January 2020

Background

The current study aimed to explore the value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4)-associated microRNAs combined with inflammatory factors in the differential diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A retrospective study including 245 NSCLC patients and 245 healthy controls was conducted on a testing group. A regression formula for NSCLC prediction was established based on the testing group. Two validation groups from two centres were used to assess the novel logistic regression model including 144 NSCLC patients and 144 healthy controls recruited from the Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, and 128 NSCLC patients and 128 healthy controls recruited from the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.

Results

Predictive software and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-155-5p and miR-630 could target CTLA4 expression. The miR-155-5p and miR-630 concentrations in the NSCLC patients were significantly lower, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6, cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) concentrations and the smoking rate were significantly higher than that in healthy controls ( P <  0.05). A logistic regression model that included smoking, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, hs-CRP, interleukin 6, CYFRA21-1, SCCA, miR-155-5p and miR-630 was performed. This model presented a high discriminating value (AUC: 0.830, sensitivity/specificity: 74.6%/89.7%) than any single indicator. In the validation groups, this model still showed a high discriminating value (AUC = 0.838 with the internal validation group; AUC = 0.851 with the external validation group).

Conclusion

The current model has potential significance for the non-invasive diagnosis for NSCLC.
Integrated Behavioral Health Curriculum in Counseling Psychology Training Programs
Authors: Boland Daubney H. , Juntunen Cindy L. , Kim Helen Y. , Adams Eve M. , Navarro Rachel L.
Published: January 2020

Effective training in integrated behavioral health requires systematic, interprofessional education that is anchored in competencies. We describe core learning objectives, competencies, and strategies for assessing counseling psychology trainees in integrated health care settings. Two programs that have transformed their training to emphasize interprofessional and primary care competencies of psychological practice are presented, along with their training goals and didactic and experiential curricular activities. We describe the assessment of student learning, accompanied by program adjustments implemented to improve student outcomes. We conclude with a call for counseling psychologists to ensure student competency development as members of the interprofessional health care workforce.
Counseling Psychologists and Behavioral Health: Promoting Mental and Physical Health Outcomes
Authors: Tucker Carolyn M. , Roncoroni Julia , Buki Lydia P.
Published: January 2020

On the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of The Counseling Psychologist, we reflect on the many contributions that counseling psychologists have made and are poised to make in the areas of behavioral health and behavioral health care. We note that psychologists’ engagement in health promotion and prevention of behavioral, mental, and emotional disorders is consistent with counseling psychology values. We provide a concise review of theories that are widely applied in behavioral health contexts and discuss ways in which counseling psychologists may apply these theories to help ameliorate health disparities, empower communities to take control of their own health, and promote social justice. In addition, we highlight the need to create interdisciplinary partnerships to conduct culturally sensitive research on the bi-directional relationship between mental health and physical health. The article ends with wide-ranging implications and recommendations for theory development, research, training, practice, and advocacy.
Efficient predictive cruise control of autonomous vehicles with improving ride comfort and safety
Authors: He Defeng , He Wentao , Song Xiulan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the adaptive cruise control problem of autonomous vehicles is considered and we propose a novel predictive cruise control approach to improve driving safety and comfort of the host vehicle. The main idea of the approach is that the predicted acceleration commands of the host vehicle are stair-likely pre-planned to satisfy their changes along the same direction within the prediction horizon. The predictive cruise controller is then computed by online solving a finite horizon constrained optimal control problem with a decision variable. Besides explicitly handling safety constraints of vehicles, the obtained controller has abilities to efficiently attenuate peaks of the cruise commands while reducing computational load of online solving the optimization problem. Hence, the ride comfort and safety performances of vehicles are improved in terms of softening acceleration response and constraint satisfaction. Moreover, the ride comfort, following and safety performances of vehicles are summed with varying weights to cope with various traffic scenarios. Some classical cases are adopted to evaluate the proposed adaptive cruise control algorithm in terms of ride comfort, car-following ability and computational demand.
Fixed-time output tracking control for extended nonholonomic chained-form systems with state observers
Authors: Chen Hua , Li Huilin , Yang YiWen , Chu Lulu
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the fixed-time tracking control problem of extended nonholonomic chained-form systems with state observers. According to the structure characteristic of such chained-form systems, two subsystems are considered to design controllers, respectively. First of all, using the fixed-time control theory, a controller is proposed to make the first tracking error subsystem converge to zero in bounded time independent initial state. Second, a state observer is proposed to estimate the unmeasurable states of the second subsystem. And the precise state estimation can be presented from the observer within finite time; moreover, the upper bound of time is a constant independent on the initial estimation error. Third, a fixed-time controller is designed to drive all states of the second chained-form subsystem to zero within pre-calculated time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by simulation results.
Will a buried composite pipeline system fail at its joints under the effects of overburden soil, pipe operating pressurization, and traffic loads?
Authors: Tse Kwong Ming , Toh William , Tan Long Bin , Lee Heow Pueh , Tan Vincent Beng Chye
Published: January 2020

In real world applications, buried pipelines span across great lengths. It is inevitable that certain sections of a buried pipeline experience external loads in addition to top soil overburden, such as weights of aboveground buildings and traffic loads located directly above these sections. The present study investigated the effects of overburden soil, pipe internal pressurization, and traffic loads on fiber-reinforced plastic pipelines at various pipe sections with particular emphasis on pipe joints using finite element method. This study includes realistic modeling of traffic loading on service road running across a buried pipeline system, consisting of straight, bent, and joint sections. Our results also revealed that surcharge loading might not be a predominant factor in pipe failure or leakage issues as compared to the cyclic pipe internal pressurization. Moreover, it was also confirmed in our study that the pipe joint remained as the most critical region for pipe failure or leakage issues.
Electrical, mechanical, and optical changes in MWCNT-doped PMMA composite films
Authors: Mergen Ömer Bahadır , Arda Ertan , Evingür Gülşen Akın
Published: January 2020

In this study, we report the preparation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite thin films by simple and efficient solution mixing and ultrasonic method and the electrical, optical, and mechanical characterizations. Scattered light intensity ( I sc), tensile modulus ( E), and surface conductivity ( σ) of these composites have increased with the addition of MWCNT into the composite. The observed behavior in electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of the poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites was interpreted by site and classical percolation theory. The optical mechanical and electrical percolation thresholds of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were determined as φ op = 3 wt%, φ m = 0 wt%, and φσ = 5 wt%, respectively. The optical ( t op), mechanical ( t m), and electrical ( t σ) critical exponents were calculated as 2.23, 0.43, and 0.11, respectively. Both the tensile modulus and tensile strength of poly (methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT composites were increased with increasing MWCNT content until it reaches to 10 wt%. However, above φ = 10 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites were decreased due to the aggregation of MWCNTs, while the toughness does not show a significant change until φ = 10 wt% MWCNT content, whereas it was decreased above this value.
The P. gingivalis Autocitrullinome Is Not a Target for ACPA in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Muñoz-Atienza E. , Flak M.B. , Sirr J. , Paramonov N.A. , Aduse-Opoku J. , Pitzalis C. , Curtis M.A.
Published: January 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease affecting primarily the joints, is frequently characterized by the presence of autoimmune anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) during preclinical stages of disease and accumulation of hypercitrullinated proteins in arthritic joints. A strong association has been reported between RA and periodontal disease, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a known driver of periodontitis, has been proposed as the microbial link underlying this association. We recently demonstrated P. gingivalis–mediated gut barrier breakdown and exacerbation of joint inflammation during inflammatory arthritis. In the present study, we investigated another potential role for P. gingivalis in RA etiopathogenesis, based on the generation of ACPA through the activity of a unique P. gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) produced by this bacterium, which is capable of protein citrullination. Using a novel P. gingivalis W50 PPAD mutant strain, incapable of protein citrullination, and serum from disease-modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve early arthritis patients, we assessed whether autocitrullinated proteins in the P. gingivalis proteome serve as cross-activation targets in the initiation of ACPA production. We found no evidence for patient antibody activity specific to autocitrullinated P. gingivalis proteins. Moreover, deletion of PPAD did not prevent P. gingivalis–mediated intestinal barrier breakdown and exacerbation of disease during inflammatory arthritis in a murine model. Together, these findings suggest that the enzymatic activity of PPAD is not a major virulence mechanism during early stages of inflammatory arthritis.
Republication of “Science Fiction and Introductory Sociology: The Handmaid in the Classroom”
Authors: Laz Cheryl
Published: January 2020

Although there is a great deal of available material on using nontraditional resources for teaching sociology, the pedagogical uses of science fiction have not been examined for 20 years. This essay first asserts the need for an update based on changes in society and in science fiction over the past two decades. The paper then focuses on the uses of SF to teach sociology and critical thinking by describing how SF can help students to “make strange” (i.e., develop a skeptical, questioning stance), to “make believe” (i.e., develop critical and creative thinking), and to “make real” (i.e., use sociological concepts and theories). As illustration, the essay concludes with a detailed description of the use of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale in teaching introductory sociology.
Post-crisis precarity: Understanding attitudes to work and industrial relations among young people in the UK
Authors: Berry Craig , McDaniel Sean
Published: January 2020

The 2008 crisis crystallised the trend towards ‘precarious’ labour market conditions which disproportionately affect young people. Few studies since the crisis, however, examine how young people understand and engage with their economic circumstances and industrial relations. This article draws upon rich and original data from focus groups and an online community exercise to examine the attitudes of young people in relation to the apparent ‘normalisation’ of precarity in the post-crisis economy. It argues that although young people have internalised precarious labour market conditions, they recognise the abnormality of this situation. It shows that their view of these conditions as immutable, however, means they often fail to see value in conventional forms of trade union organisation. The article concludes by outlining a future research agenda around economic crisis, generational identities and the future of industrial relations.
Resting state fMRI reveals differential effects of glucose administration on central appetite signalling in young and old adults
Authors: Peters Riccarda , White David J , Scholey Andrew
Published: January 2020

Background:

Healthy aging has been associated with reduced appetite and lower energy intake, which can lead to loss of bodyweight, undernutrition and related health problems. The causes for the decline in caloric intake are multifactorial, involving physiological and non-physiological processes.

Aims:

Here we examined the effect of glucose on brain function in healthy adults as well as age-related, physiological changes in brain responses associated with macronutrient intake.

Methods:

Using a randomized, double-blind, balanced cross-over design, younger ( n = 16, aged 21–30) and older ( n = 16, aged 55–78) adults received a drink containing glucose and a taste-matched placebo after an overnight fast. Blood glucose and hunger were assessed at baseline and 20 min post-ingestion, after which participants underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Frequency-dependent changes associated with glucose administration in slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz) and slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal were investigated within the young healthy adults, and then extended to the older age group. Consistent with previous reports, glucose decreased amplitude in slow-5 fALFF within the left orbitofrontal cortex and insular cortex in the young adults. We observed a significant interaction in slow-5 ALFF and fALFF in the left insula, such that younger participants showed a decrease in BOLD amplitude, whereas older participants showed an increase, after glucose administration. We further observed an interaction in slow-4 ALFF in the occipital region and precuneus, with older participants showing an increase in magnitude of slow-4 ALFF and younger participants showing a decrease in the same measure.

Conclusion:

These age-related, frequency-dependent changes in the magnitude of the BOLD signal in the insula, a key region related to energy homeostasis following feeding, may point to a change in satiety or homeostatic signalling contributing to behavioural changes in energy intake during senescence.
Effects of acute cannabidiol administration on anxiety and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: de Faria Stephanie Martins , de Morais Fabrício Daiene , Tumas Vitor , Castro Paula Costa , Ponti Moacir Antonelli , Hallak Jaime EC , Zuardi Antonio W , Crippa José Alexandre S , Chagas Marcos Hortes Nisihara
Published: January 2020

Background:

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main components of Cannabis sativa and has anxiolytic properties, but no study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of CBD on anxiety signs and symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg on anxiety measures and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test (SPST) in individuals with PD.

Methods:

A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted. A total of 24 individuals with PD were included and underwent two experimental sessions within a 15-day interval. After taking CBD or a placebo, participants underwent the SPST. During the test, the following data were collected: heart rate, systemic blood pressure and tremor frequency and amplitude. In addition, the Visual Analog Mood Scales (VAMS) and Self-Statements during Public Speaking Scale were applied. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while considering the drug, SPST phase and interactions between these variables.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences in the VAMS anxiety factor for the drug; CBD attenuated the anxiety experimentally induced by the SPST. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in the drug for the variable related to tremor amplitude as recorded by the accelerometer.

Conclusion:

Acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg decreased anxiety in patients with PD, and there was also decreased tremor amplitude in an anxiogenic situation.
Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Kahiya Eldrede , Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: January 2020

We provide a literature review and a conceptual framework on informal cross border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Informal cross border trade (ICBT) refers to commercial exchanges conducted across borders by individuals operating as unregistered sole traders. ICBT is a burgeoning part of the informal markets in Sub-Saharan Africa and its existence and persistence carry substantial socio-economic implications. We use “summarizing” and “delineating” techniques to discuss seven themes of ICBT, and cast them as the manifestations of a substratum marketing system - a foundational structure instead of an auxiliary system. We underline implications for scholarship and for policymakers and non-governmental organizations charged with formulating initiatives to manage both ICBT and formal markets.
Simulation-Based Analysis of Sign Blanket Replacement Strategies
Authors: Rasdorf William , Machado Patricia
Published: January 2020

Transportation agencies are responsible for maintaining traffic signs, a critical part of any transportation network, in a satisfactory condition. This is achieved by the implementation of sign maintenance and replacement strategies. This paper presents the results of a sign replacement simulation model based on the Blanket Replacement method. Although the case study described here was based on North Carolina (NC) sign data, its results provide insights for all transportation agencies about effective practices that result in cost-efficient sign replacement strategies. The authors found that daytime inspections reduce the number of unsatisfactory signs while having little effect on cost. Grace periods were found to be efficient in reducing costs. Longer replacement cycles (e.g., 20 years) that consider daytime inspections and a grace period resulted in more cost-efficient strategies than those with shorter replacement cycles (e.g., 10 years).
Intimate Partner Violence Survivors’ Housing Needs and Preferences: A Brief Report
Authors: Fraga Rizo Cynthia , Klein L. B. , Chesworth Brittney , Macy Rebecca J. , Dooley Raye
Published: January 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization contributes to homelessness and housing insecurity for survivors and their children. Despite growing interest in expanding strategies for addressing the housing needs of survivors, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding survivors’ preferences and recommendations. To begin to address knowledge gaps, this article reports findings from a qualitative study examining the housing needs of IPV survivors and survivors’ preferences and recommendations for addressing their housing needs. In-depth interviews with 19 adult IPV survivors in a southeastern community determined three key themes: (a) IPV housing needs and challenges, (b) domestic violence shelter strengths and concerns, and (c) recommendations for addressing survivors’ housing needs. The findings highlight the need for flexibility and variability in housing services as opposed to a one-size-fits-all strategy, and stress the importance of centering the voices of survivors as the field explores new housing directions.
Prosthodontic Treatment of Trauma to the Nasus Externus, Premaxilla and Maxilla of a Dog
Authors: Cukjati Joseph F.
Published: January 2020

This is a clinical report which presents a prosthodontic treatment for a trauma case in a dog with multiple dental, skeletal and soft tissue problems. The treatment resulted from investigations into prosthodontics with the assistance of a prosthodontic dental laboratory. The prosthesis which was fabricated solved the problem of obstructed airflow through an injured nares, and provided for an esthetic result. Treatment required intermittent procedures over a one year period.
Anaerobes in Periodontal Disease in the Dog: A Review
Authors: Hennet Philippe R. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

As anaerobic sampling and culture techniques improved, the documented prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in periodontal disease has increased. The anaerobic bacteria have become more well-known in humans and consequently in dogs, since this species is a major model in periodontal studies. A review of the literature related to anaerobic flora is described.
Effective Slide Presentations
Authors: Holmstrom Steven E.
Published: January 2020

Veterinarians are often called upon to give lectures on a variety of subjects. The preparation of these lectures often includes the use of kodachrome slides to illustrate a subject. Often narrative slides and descriptional slides are necessary to complete an effective lecture. A description of preparing slides is detailed.
Dentigerous Cyst in a Dog
Authors: Lobprise Heidi B. , Wiggs Robert B.
Published: January 2020

An infrequently occurring tumor-like lesion arising from the cellular components of the developing dental follicle is the dentigerous cyst. These odontogenic cysts have classic clinical and radiographic findings. The cysts are locally invasive and aggressive and require prompt surgical management. This case describes the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a dentigerous cyst in the mandible of a dog.
Craniofacial Development and Growth in the Dog
Authors: Hennet Philippe R. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

Numerous types of veterinary orthodontic treatments are reported in papers and during meetings, however little is generally known concerning craniofacial growth in dogs. Most statements in veterinary dental publications are drawn from human-oriented studies. This makes decision making in veterinary orthodontics difficult. The purpose of this paper is to review studies of craniofacial growth performed in dogs.
Effects of Preactivated MC540 in the Treatment of Lymphocytic Plasmacytic Stomatitis in Feline Leukemia virus and Feline Immunodeficiency virus Positive Cats
Authors: Wiggs Robert B. , Lobprise Heidi B. , Matthews James L. , Gulliya Kripal S.
Published: January 2020

Photoactive compounds and drugs are used therapeutically as antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor agents. This report examines the use of a photoactive compound, preactivated merocyanine 540 (pMC540), in the treatment of stomatitis in two cats that are both feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive. One of the cats was also feline leukemia virus (FeLV) positive. Dramatic short term improvement is reported with the dosage regimen and complications.
Tooth Enamel Thickness in the Mature Dentition of Domestic Dogs and Cats - Preliminary Study
Authors: Crossley David A.
Published: January 2020

The thickness of the enamel of dogs and cats was measured in 194 teeth. The enamel was found to be thinner than that of human teeth, varing in thickness from 0.1mm-1mm. The “enamel bulge” coronal to the cemento-enamel junction does not consist of a thickened area of enamel.
Use of an Oral Antiseptic Bioadhesive Tablet in Dogs
Authors: Gruet P. , Gaillard C. , Boisramέ B. , Duffaut D. , Grimoud A. M. , Camy G.
Published: January 2020

V3703 (Stomadhex®*) is a tablet with bioadhesive properties enabling it to remain in place for several hours after it has been placed on the oral mucosa. It continuously releases chlorhexidine and niacinamide. In a study conducted in 15 dogs, the tablets were well tolerated by the animals. The product significantly reduced (p < 0.05): dental plaque; quantitative periodontopathogen and total anaerobic bacterial counts; spirochetes; and halitosis when used daily over a 14 day period. Gingivitis was also reduced, though not significantly (p=0.07). Stomadhex® treatment can provide a carry-over effect following dental scaling by reducing oral microflora and retarding the reappearance of dental plaque.
Clinical Aspects of Lagomorph Dental Anatomy: The Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Crossley David A.
Published: January 2020

The lagomorphs most commonly encountered as pets are rabbits. There are many breeds of domestic rabbit, varying from dwarf varieties with an adult weight of under one kilogram to giants weighing 10kg. This article provides a working knowledge of the dental anatomy and physiology of rabbits so that veterinarians can interpret clinical and radiographic findings when investigating rabbits with suspected dental disease.
Evaluation of Electronic Method in Determining the Root Canal Length in Teeth of Dogs
Authors: Gioso MA , Teixeira LL , Souza JIL , Figueiredo JAP , Pesce HA
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of electronic apex locators to determine the root canal length in teeth of dogs. For this purpose, APIT and ENDOSONIC units, which are third generation apex locator devices, were used to identify the root length in 58 teeth (82 roots). The electronic method was compared to radiographic and tactile sense methods. The results showed that APIT and ENDOSONIC devices were ineffective when used to determine the root canal length in 2–3 year-old dogs. A beep indicating the canal depth was heard in only two of 82 (2.4%) canals. The digital-tactile sense method with radiographic confirmation is more appropriate for root length measurement than the electronic method during endodontic therapy in dogs.
Temporomandibular Ankylosis: Treatment by Unilateral Condylectomy in Two Dogs and Two Cats
Authors: Anderson Mark A. , Orsini Paul G. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

Four cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in dogs and cats were treated successfully by unilateral condylectomy. In all four cases, the ability to open the mouth was reestablished and in three cases was maintained long-term.
Detection of Pathogen-Related Oral Spirochetes, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii in Dental Plaque from Dogs
Authors: Riviere George R. , Thompson Aaron J. , Brannan Randi D. , McCoy Donald E. , Simonson Lloyd G.
Published: January 2020

Spirochetes have been observed in dental plaque from dogs, but specific spirochetes have not been identified. In particular, it is not known whether treponemes associated with periodontal diseases in humans also occur in dogs, and whether, like in humans, detection of specific treponemes correlates with periodontal status of dogs. Forty-two dogs were grouped according to the worst periodontal condition in the mouth, as determined by overt signs of inflammation and pocket probing depths. A representative specimen of dental plaque was obtained by pooling subgingival plaque collected from three uniform reference sites, irrespective of periodontal status at selected sites. The presence of pathogen-related oral spirochetes, Treponema denticola, and T. socranskii was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies in an immunocytochemical microscopic assay. All three treponemes were detected in all groups, but a significantly greater proportion of dogs with pocket probing depths ≥5 mm had detectable treponemes, compared to dogs that were in periodontal health.