bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLIPS based decision support system for water distribution networks
Authors: Sandeep K. , Rakesh K.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The difficulty in knowledge representation of a water distribution network (WDN) problem has contributed to the limited use of artificial intelligence (AI) based expert systems (ES) in the management of these networks. This paper presents a design of a Decision Support System (DSS) that facilitates "on-demand'' knowledge generation by utilizing results of simulation runs of a suitably calibrated and validated hydraulic model of an existing aged WDN corresponding to emergent or even hypothetical but likely scenarios. The DSS augments the capability of a conventional expert system by integrating together the hydraulic modelling features with heuristics based knowledge of experts under a common, rules based, expert shell named CLIPS (C Language Integrated Production System). In contrast to previous ES, the knowledge base of the DSS has been designed to be dynamic by superimposing CLIPS on Structured Query Language (SQL). The proposed ES has an inbuilt calibration module that enables calibration of an existing (aged) WDN for the unknown, and unobservable, Hazen-Williams C-values. In addition, the daily run and simulation modules of the proposed ES further enable the CLIPS inference engine to evaluate the network performance for any emergent or suggested test scenarios. An additional feature of the proposed design is that the DSS integrates computational platforms such as MATLAB, open source Geographical Information System (GIS), and a relational database management system (RDBMS) working under the umbrella of the Microsoft Visual Studio based common user interface. The paper also discusses implementation of the proposed framework on a case study and clearly demonstrates the utility of the application as an able aide for effective management of the study network.
The Nasolabial Cyst: A Nonodontogenic Oral Cyst Related to Nasolacrimal Duct Epithelium
Authors: Toribio Yanelba , Roehrl Michael H.A.
Published: October 2011

Nasolabial cysts are interesting, relatively uncommon benign extraosseous maxillary lesions. We review current knowledge about epidemiology, symptoms, imaging modalities, pathogenesis, histopathologic and ultrastructural features, treatment options, and prognosis. Nasolabial cyst lining epithelium is characteristically composed of a basal layer of cuboidal cells and a luminal layer of columnar secretory cells with interspersed mucous goblet cells. In addition, areas of multilayered epithelium and squamous metaplasia may be seen. The cyst stroma is characterized by collagen-rich fibrovascular tissue with variably admixed chronic inflammatory cells. Furthermore, to our knowledge, we report the first example of immunohistochemical protein expression profiling of nasolabial cyst lining epithelium, discovering that basal layer cells express p63 and cytokeratin 5/6, while goblet cells express MUC-2 and MUC-5AC mucins, supporting the notion that nasolabial cysts can be understood as hamartomatous, locally expansile remnants of distal nasolacrimal duct development.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Gastroesophageal Cancer: Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Tafe Laura J. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Zaidinski Michael , Hedvat Cyrus V. , Hameed Meera R. , Tang Laura H. , Hicks James B. , Shah Manish A. , Barbashina Violetta
Published: October 2011

Context.—Patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer have poor survival with current therapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) represents a promising therapeutic target, but the optimal HER2 testing strategy is not yet defined.

Objectives.—To evaluate the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to determine if the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 scoring system is applicable to gastroesophageal carcinomas.

Design.—Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients with advanced stage gastroesophageal cancer were tested by IHC and FISH and scored according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria for breast cancer. Concordance between IHC and FISH was evaluated. A subset of cases was subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization to verify the positive and negative HER2 results.

Results.—A total of 135 cases with paired IHC and FISH results were evaluated. The majority of samples (84%) were biopsies. HER2 amplification was detected in 20 tumors (15%). Using the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists scoring system, IHC-FISH concordance was 97% for IHC 0, 93% for IHC 1+, and 100% for IHC 3+. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity was strongly associated with tumor grade (moderately differentiated > poorly differentiated, P < .001) and histologic subtype (intestinal > diffuse, P  =  .007). Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was successful in 31 tumors (14 FISH+ and 17 FISH−). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization results were highly concordant in both HER2-positive and HER2-negative groups (93% and 100% concordance, respectively).

Conclusions.—Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in gastroesophageal cancer can be performed using standard breast cancer procedures and the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists scoring criteria. Although IHC 0 and IHC 3+ provide clear stratification, reliable separation of IHC 1+ and IHC 2+ may be difficult, especially in biopsy samples. The latter 2 groups are best referred to FISH for definitive classification.
The Moore Method
Authors: Coppin Charles A. , Mahavier W. Ted , May E. Lee , Parker G. Edgar
Published: October 2011

The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction offers a practical overview of the method as practiced by the four co-authors, serving as both a 'how to' manual for implementing the method and an answer to the question, 'what is the Moore method?'. Moore is well known as creator of The Moore Method (no textbooks, no lectures, no conferring) in which there is a current and growing revival of interest and modified application under inquiry-based learning projects. Beginning with Moore's Method as practiced by Moore himself, the authors proceed to present their own broader definitions of the method before addressing specific details and mechanics of their individual implementations. Each chapter consists of four essays, one by each author, introduced with the commonality of the authors' writings. Topics include the culture the authors strive to establish in the classroom, their grading methods, the development of materials and typical days in the classroom. Appendices include sample tests, sample notes, and diaries of individual courses. With more than 130 references supporting the themes of the book the work provides ample additional reading supporting the transition to learner-centered methods of instruction.
Kupferkatalysierte aerobe oxidative C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen: Trends und Erkenntnisse zum Mechanismus
Authors: Wendlandt Alison E. , Suess Alison M. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: October 2011

Die selektive Oxidation von C‐H‐Bindungen und der Einsatz von O2 als stöchiometrisches Oxidationsmittel stellen zwei wesentliche Herausforderungen in der organischen Chemie dar. Kupfer(II) ist ein vielseitiges Oxidationsmittel für verschiedene oxidative Kupplungen, die durch Einelektronen‐Transfer (SET) von elektronenreichen organischen Molekülen ausgelöst werden. Viele dieser Reaktionen können mit Kupfer katalytisch durchgeführt werden, wenn molekularer Sauerstoff als Oxidationsmittel eingesetzt wird, um den aktiven Kupfer(II)‐Katalysator zu regenerieren. Daneben wurden auch zahlreiche neue Cu‐katalysierte C‐H‐Oxidationen mit elektronenarmen Substraten beschrieben, von denen ein SET zum Kupfer(II) unwahrscheinlich scheint. In einigen dieser Fälle konnte die Beteiligung von Organokupfer(III)‐Intermediaten im Reaktionsmechanismus nachgewiesen werden. Metallorganische C‐H‐Oxidationen dieser Art eröffnen neue bedeutende Möglichkeiten für das Gebiet der Cu‐katalysierten aeroben Oxidationen.
A mechanistic model for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose using continuous distribution kinetics I: Depolymerization by EGI and CBHI
Authors: Griggs Andrew J. , Stickel Jonathan J. , Lischeske James J.
Published: October 2011

A mechanistically based kinetic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass has been developed that incorporates the distinct modes of action of cellulases on insoluble cellulose polymer chains. Cellulose depolymerization by an endoglucanase (endoglucanase I, EGI) and an exoglucanase (cellobiohydrolase I, CBHI) is modeled using population‐balance equations, which provide a kinetic description of the evolution of a polydisperse distribution of chain lengths. The cellulose substrate is assumed to have enzyme‐accessible chains and inaccessible interior chains. EGI is assumed to randomly cleave insoluble cellulose chains. For CBHI, distinct steps for adsorption, complexation, processive hydrolysis, and desorption are included in the mechanistic description. Population‐balance models that employ continuous distributions track the evolution of the spectrum of chain lengths, and do not require solving equations for all chemical species present in the reacting mixture, resulting in computationally efficient simulations. The theoretical and mathematical development needed to describe the hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose chains embedded in a solid particle by EGI and CBHI is given in this article (Part I). Results for the time evolution of the distribution of chain sizes are provided for independent and combined enzyme hydrolysis. A companion article (Part II) incorporates this modeling framework to study cellulose conversion processes, specifically, solution kinetics, enzyme inhibition, and cooperative enzymatic action. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:665–675. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A low‐protein diet during pregnancy alters glucose metabolism and insulin secretion
Authors: de Fátima I. Souza Denise , Ignácio‐Souza Letícia M. , de L. Reis Sílvia Regina , de B. Reis Marise Auxiliadora , Stoppiglia Luiz Fabrizio , Carneiro Everardo Magalhães , Boschero Antonio Carlos , Arantes Vanessa Cristina , Latorraca Márcia Queiroz
Published: October 2011

In pancreatic islets, glucose metabolism is a key process for insulin secretion, and pregnancy requires an increase in insulin secretion to compensate for the typical insulin resistance at the end of this period. Because a low‐protein diet decreases insulin secretion, this type of diet could impair glucose homeostasis, leading to gestational diabetes. In pancreatic islets, we investigated GLUT2, glucokinase and hexokinase expression patterns as well as glucose uptake, utilization and oxidation rates. Adult control non‐pregnant (CNP) and control pregnant (CP) rats were fed a normal protein diet (17%), whereas low‐protein non‐pregnant (LPNP) and low‐protein pregnant (LPP) rats were fed a low‐protein diet (6%) from days 1 to 15 of pregnancy. The insulin secretion in 2.8 mmol l−1 of glucose was higher in islets from LPP rats than that in islets from CP, CNP and LPNP rats. Maximal insulin release was obtained at 8.3 and 16.7 mmol l−1 of glucose in LPP and CP groups, respectively. The glucose dose–response curve from LPNP group was shifted to the right in relation to the CNP group. In the CP group, the concentration–response curve to glucose was shifted to the left compared with the CNP group. The LPP groups exhibited an “inverted U‐shape” dose–response curve. The alterations in the GLUT2, glucokinase and hexokinase expression patterns neither impaired glucose metabolism nor correlated with glucose islet sensitivity, suggesting that β‐cell sensitivity to glucose requires secondary events other than the observed metabolic/molecular events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tricomponent Azide, Tetrazolate, and Carboxylate Cobridging Magnetic Systems: Ferromagnetic Coupling, Metamagnetism, and Single‐Chain Magnetism
Authors: Li Xiu‐Bing , Zhang Jian‐Yong , Wang Yan‐Qin , Song You , Gao En‐Qing
Published: October 2011

Three novel coordination polymers with azide and a bifunctional zwitterionic ligand bearing carboxylate and tetrazolate as bridging groups, [M(L)(N3)]⋅x H2O [L=1‐(carboxylatomethyl)‐4‐(5‐tetrazolato)pyridinium, M=Cu (1, x=2), Ni (2, x=1), and Co (3, x=1)], have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. The compounds consist of two‐dimensional coordination layers in which uniform anionic chains with the unprecedented tricomponent (μ‐azide)(μ‐tetrazolate)(μ‐carboxylate) bridges are cross‐linked by cationic 1‐methylenepyridinium spacers. The tricomponent bridges induce ferromagnetic interactions in all the compounds. Furthermore, this isostructural series of ferromagnetic‐chain‐based compounds has allowed us to observe distinct bulk properties that are dependent upon the natures of the different spin carriers: with the isotropic CuII ion, 1 exhibits a paramagnetic phase of the ferromagnetic chains without long‐range magnetic order above 2 K; with the weakly anisotropic NiII ions, 2 displays antiferromagnetic ordering and field‐induced metamagnetism without slow dynamic relaxation; and with CoII, which has strong magnetic anisotropy due to first‐order spin‐orbital coupling, 3 exhibits magnetic hysteresis and slow magnetization dynamics typical of single‐chain magnets.
Principle considerations for the use of transcriptomics in doping research
Authors: Neuberger Elmo W. I. , Moser Dirk A. , Simon Perikles
Published: October 2011

Over the course of the past decade, technical progress has enabled scientists to investigate genome‐wide RNA expression using microarray platforms. This transcriptomic approach represents a promising tool for the discovery of basic gene expression patterns and for identification of cellular signalling pathways under various conditions. Since doping substances have been shown to influence mRNA expression, it has been suggested that these changes can be detected by screening the blood transcriptome. In this review, we critically discuss the potential but also the pitfalls of this application as a tool in doping research. Transcriptomic approaches were considered to potentially provide researchers with a unique gene expression signature or with a specific biomarker for various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Since transcriptomic approaches are considerably prone to biological and technical confounding factors that act on study subjects or samples, very strict guidelines for the use of transcriptomics in human study subjects have been developed. Typical field conditions associated with doping controls limit the feasibility of following these strict guidelines as there are too many variables counteracting a standardized procedure. After almost a decade of research using transcriptomic tools, it still remains a matter of future technological progress to identify the ultimate biomarker using technologies and/or methodologies that are sufficiently robust against typical biological and technical bias and that are valid in a court of law. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmented regression, a versatile tool to analyze mRNA levels in relation to DNA copy number aberrations
Authors: Nemes Szilárd , Parris Toshima Z. , Danielsson Anna , Kannius‐Janson Marie , Jonasson Junmei Miao , Steineck Gunnar , Helou Khalil
Published: October 2011

DNA copy number aberrations (CNA) and subsequent altered gene expression profiles (mRNA levels) are characteristic features of cancerous cells. Integrative genomic analysis aims to identify recurrent CNA that may have a potential role in cancer development, assuming that gene amplification is accompanied by overexpression, while deletions give rise to downregulation of gene expression. We propose a segmented regression‐based approach to identify CNA‐driven alteration of gene expression profiles. Segmented regression allows to fit piecewise linear models in different domains of CNA joined by a change‐point, where the mRNA–CNA relationship undergoes structural changes. Here, we illustrate the implementation and applicability of the proposed model using 1,161 chromosome fragments detected as DNA CNA in primary tumors from 97 breast cancer patients. We identified significant CNA‐driven changes in gene expression levels for 341 chromosome fragments, of which 72 showed a nonlinear relationship to CNA. For 59 of 72 chromosome fragments (82%), we observed an initial increase in mRNA levels due to changes in CNA. After the change‐point was passed, the mRNA levels reached a plateau, and a further increase in DNA copy numbers did not induce further elevation in mRNA levels. In contrast, for 13 chromosome fragments, the change‐point marked the point where mRNA production accelerated. We conclude that segmented regression modeling may provide valuable insights into the impact CNA have on gene expression in cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A salty‐congruent odor enhances saltiness: Functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Seo Han‐Seok , Iannilli Emilia , Hummel Cornelia , Okazaki Yoshiro , Buschhüter Dorothee , Gerber Johannes , Krammer Gerhard E. , van Lengerich Bernhard , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2011

Excessive intake of dietary salt (sodium chloride) may increase the risk of chronic diseases. Accordingly, various strategies to reduce salt intake have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate whether a salty‐congruent odor can enhance saltiness on the basis of psychophysical (Experiment 1) and neuroanatomical levels (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, after receiving one of six stimulus conditions: three odor conditions (odorless air, congruent, or incongruent odor) by two concentrations (low or high) of either salty or sweet taste solution, participants were asked to rate taste intensity and pleasantness. In Experiment 2, participants received the same stimuli during the functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. In Experiment 1, compared with an incongruent odor and/or odorless air, a congruent odor enhanced not only taste intensity but also either pleasantness of sweetness or unpleasantness of saltiness. In Experiment 2, a salty‐congruent combination of odor and taste produced significantly higher neuronal activations in brain regions associated with odor–taste integration (e.g., insula, frontal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex) than an incongruent combination and/or odorless air with taste solution. In addition, the congruent odor‐induced saltiness enhancement was more pronounced in the low‐concentrated tastant than in the high‐concentrated one. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the congruent odor‐induced saltiness enhancement on the basis of psychophysical and neuroanatomical results. These findings support an alternative strategy to reduce excessive salt intake by adding salty‐congruent aroma to sodium reduced food. However, there are open questions regarding the salty‐congruent odor‐induced taste unpleasantness. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degeneration of corpus callosum and recovery of motor function after stroke: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Wang Ling E. , Tittgemeyer Marc , Imperati Davide , Diekhoff Svenja , Ameli Mitra , Fink Gereon R. , Grefkes Christian
Published: October 2011

Animal models of stroke demonstrated that white matter ischemia may cause both axonal damage and myelin degradation distant from the core lesion, thereby impacting on behavior and functional outcome after stroke. We here used parameters derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the effect of focal white matter ischemia on functional reorganization within the motor system. Patients (n = 18) suffering from hand motor deficits in the subacute or chronic stage after subcortical stroke and healthy controls (n = 12) were scanned with both diffusion MRI and functional MRI while performing a motor task with the left or right hand. A laterality index was employed on activated voxels to assess functional reorganization across hemispheres. Regression analyses revealed that diffusion MRI parameters of both the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) and corpus callosum (CC) predicted increased activation of the unaffected hemisphere during movements of the stroke‐affected hand. Changes in diffusion MRI parameters possibly reflecting axonal damage and/or destruction of myelin sheath correlated with a stronger bilateral recruitment of motor areas and poorer motor performance. Probabilistic fiber tracking analyses revealed that the region in the CC correlating with the fMRI laterality index and motor deficits connected to sensorimotor cortex, supplementary motor area, ventral premotor cortex, superior parietal lobule, and temporoparietal junction. The results suggest that degeneration of transcallosal fibers connecting higher order sensorimotor regions constitute a relevant factor influencing cortical reorganization and motor outcome after subcortical stroke. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in unselected Nigerian breast cancer patients
Authors: Fackenthal James D. , Zhang Jing , Zhang Bifeng , Zheng Yonglan , Hagos Fitsum , Burrill Devin R. , Niu Qun , Huo Dezheng , Sveen Walmy E. , Ogundiran Temidayo , Adebamowo Clemet , Odetunde Abayomi , Falusi Adeyinka G. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: October 2011

Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the strongest genetic predictors of breast cancer and are the primary causes of familial breast/ovarian cancer syndrome. The frequency, spectrum and penetrance of mutant BRCA1/BRCA2 alleles have been determined for several populations, but little information is available for populations of African ancestry, who suffer a disproportionate burden of early onset breast cancer. We have performed complete sequence analysis of all BRCA1 and BRCA2 exons and intron–exon boundaries for 434 Nigerian breast cancer patients from the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. In contrast to previous suggestions that BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation frequencies are low or undetectable in African American populations, we find that Nigerian breast cancer patients have an exceptionally high frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (7.1 and 3.9%, respectively). Sixteen different BRCA1 mutations were detected, seven of which have never been reported previously, while thirteen different BRCA2 mutations were seen, six of which were previously unreported. Thus, our data support enrichment for genetic risk factors in this relatively young cohort. To improve breast cancer outcomes, we suggest that family‐based models of risk assessment and genetic counseling coupled with interventions to reduce breast cancer risk should be broadly disseminated in Nigeria and other underserved and understudied populations.
Molecular imaging assisted surgery improves survival in a murine head and neck cancer model
Authors: Miyamoto Shunsuke , Sperry Steven , Yamashita Taku , Reddy Nishant P. , O'Malley Bert W. , Li Daqing
Published: October 2011

Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), and surgical margin status is a key prognostic factor. Molecular imaging (MI) can be applied to identify tumor extensions intraoperatively. We applied this technique in a murine HNC model to determine whether it improves outcomes from surgical intervention. An orthotopic murine model with HNC was established with SCC VII cells expressing a green fluorescent protein. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of MI, 20 murine models undergoing standard surgical resection were assessed with MI to identify residual tumor, which was compared to histology as the gold standard. Then, to assess the effect of MI as a therapeutic intervention for survival, 65 mice were randomly divided into standard surgical resection, MI‐assisted surgical resection, and control groups. In the MI‐assisted surgery group, residual signals identified by MI underwent further tissue excision to eliminate the signal positivity. In diagnostic accuracy analysis, sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative MI in the HNC murine model were 86% and 100%, respectively. The mice undergoing MI‐assisted surgery showed a significantly improved 60‐day survival rate compared to standard surgery, 37% versus 5%, respectively. Intraoperative MI guidance is a promising technique in oncologic surgery, which could increase the efficacy of tumor resection and the survival of patients with HNC. The hurdles in applying this technique in clinical practice are still considerable, and further research and development is warranted.
The genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii: Insights into genome plasticity, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity
Authors: Imperi Francesco , Antunes Luísa C.S. , Blom Jochen , Villa Laura , Iacono Michele , Visca Paolo , Carattoli Alessandra
Published: October 2011

The genome sequences of a number of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including representatives of the main epidemic international lineages, have now been determined, and several others are in progress. The study of A. baumannii genomics has provided an expanded view of the adaptation and virulence capacities of this bacterial species, whilst also presenting novel insights into its intraspecies diversity and genome evolution. Genomic analyses have revealed that the current A. baumannii clinical population consists of low‐grade pathogens, whose pathogenicity relies mainly on an ability to persist in the hospital setting and survive antibiotic treatment. A. baumannii has a high capacity to acquire new genetic determinants and displays an open pan genome; this feature may have played a crucial role in the evolution of this human opportunistic pathogen towards clinical success. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(12): 1068–1074, 2011
Downregulation of PKD1 by shRNA results in defective osteogenic differentiation via cAMP/PKA pathway in human MG‐63 cells
Authors: Qiu Ni , Zhou Honghao , Xiao Zhousheng
Published: October 2011

Mutations and/or deletions of Pkd1 in mouse models resulted in attenuation of osteoblast function and defective bone formation; however, the function of PKD1 in human osteoblast and bone remains uncertain. In the current study, we used lentivirus‐mediated shRNA technology to stably knock down PKD1 in the human osteoblastic MG‐63 cell line and to investigate the role of PKD1 on human osteoblast function and molecular mechanisms. We found that a 53% reduction of PKD1 by PKD1 shRNA in stable, transfected MG‐63 cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and impaired osteoblastic differentiation as reflected by increased BrdU incorporation, decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition and by decreased expression of RUNX2 and OSTERIX compared to control shRNA MG‐63 cells. In addition, knockdown of PKD1 mRNA caused enhanced adipogenesis in stable PKD1 shRNA MG‐63 cells as evidenced by elevated lipid accumulation and increased expression of adipocyte‐related markers such as PPARγ and aP2. The stable PKD1 shRNA MG‐63 cells exhibited lower basal intracellular calcium, which led to attenuated cytosolic calcium signaling in response to fluid flow shear stress, as well as increased intracellular cAMP messages in response to forskolin (10 µM) stimulation. Moreover, increased cell proliferation, inhibited osteoblastic differentiation, and osteogenic and adipogenic gene markers were significantly reversed in stable PKD1 shRNA MG‐63 cells when treated with H89 (1 µM), an inhibitor of PKA. These findings suggest that downregulation of PKD1 in human MG‐63 cells resulted in defective osteoblast function via intracellular calcium‐cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 967–976, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The DEAD‐box RNA helicase DDX3 interacts with DDX5, co‐localizes with it in the cytoplasm during the G2/M phase of the cycle, and affects its shuttling during mRNP export
Authors: Choi Yeo‐Jin , Lee Seong‐Gene
Published: October 2011

DDX3 is involved in RNA transport, translational control, proliferation of RNA viruses, and cancer progression. From yeast two‐hybrid screening using the C‐terminal region of DDX3 as a bait, the DEAD‐box RNA helicase DDX5 was cloned. In immunofluorescence analysis, DDX3 and DDX5 were mainly co‐localized in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, cytoplasmic levels of DDX5 increased in the G2/M phase and consequently protein–protein interaction also increased in the cytoplasmic fraction. DDX3 was highly phosphorylated at its serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the steady state, but not phosphorylated at the serine residue(s) in the G2/M phase. DDX5 was less phosphorylated in the G1/S phase; however, it was highly phosphorylated at serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the G2/M phase. PP2A treatment of the cytoplasmic lysate from G2/M phase cells positively affected the interaction between DDX3 and DDX5, whereas, PTP1B treatment did not. In an analysis involving recombinant His‐DDX3 and His‐DDX5, PP2A pretreatment of His‐DDX5 increased the interaction with endogenous DDX3, and vice versa. Furthermore, the results of GST pull‐down experiments support the conclusion that dephosphorylation of serine and/or threonine residues in both proteins enhanced protein–protein interactions. UV cross‐linking experiments showed that DDX3 and DDX5 are involved in mRNP export. Additionally, DDX3 knockdown blocked the shuttling of DDX5 to the nucleus. These data demonstrate a novel interaction between DDX3 and DDX5 through the phosphorylation of both proteins, especially in the G2/M phase, and suggest a novel combined mechanism of action, involving RNP remodeling and splicing, for DEAD‐box RNA helicases involved in mRNP export. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 985–996, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracellular calcium chronically induced human osteoblasts effects: Specific modulation of osteocalcin and collagen type XV
Authors: Gabusi Elena , Manferdini Cristina , Grassi Francesco , Piacentini Anna , Cattini Luca , Filardo Giuseppe , Lambertini Elisabetta , Piva Roberta , Zini Nicoletta , Facchini Andrea , Lisignoli Gina
Published: October 2011

Fluctuation in extracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration occurs during bone remodeling. Free ionized Ca2+ plays a critical role in regulating osteoblast functions. We analyzed the effects of different concentrations of free ionized Ca2+ (0.5, 1.3, and 2.6 mM) on human osteoblasts and we evaluated osteoblastic phenotype (marker expression and cell morphology) and functions (osteogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell signaling). Our data show human osteoblasts that chronically stimulated with 0.5, 1.3, or 2.6 mM Ca2+ significantly increase intracellular content of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein, whereas collagen type XV was down‐modulated and RUNX2 expression was not affected. We also found a Ca2+ concentration‐dependent increase in osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation, associated to an increase of signaling protein PLCβ1 and p‐ERK. Human osteoblast morphology was affected by Ca2+ as seen by the presence of numerous nucleoli, cells in mitosis, cell junctions, and an increased number of vacuoles. In conclusion, our data show a clear phenotypical and functional effect of extracellular Ca2+ on human osteoblasts and support the hypothesis of a direct role of this cation in the bone remodeling processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3151–3161, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutrient concentrations of peach‐tree leaves under deficit irrigation
Authors: Abrisqueta Isabel , Quezada‐Martin Rosario , Munguía‐López Juan P. , Ruiz‐Sánchez M. Carmen , Abrisqueta José M. , Vera Juan
Published: October 2011

The effect of different deficit‐irrigation treatments on the dynamics of mineral nutrients in leaves of peach trees growing under Mediterranean conditions was studied. Treatments consisted of a control, continuous deficit irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation, and partial root drying. The dynamics of nutrients were unchanged by the water deficits, though the amount absorbed was slightly modified. The advantages of deficit‐irrigation strategies with regard to water‐use efficiency were accompanied by the absence of any harmful effect on leaf mineral nutrition.
Raman scattering study of temperature and hydrostatic pressure phase transitions in Rb2KTiOF5 crystal
Authors: Krylov A. S. , Goryainov S. V. , Vtyurin A. N. , Krylova S. N. , Sofronova S. N. , Laptash N. M. , Emelina T. B. , Voronov V. N. , Babushkin S. V.
Published: October 2011

Raman spectra of Rb2KTiOF5 crystal were obtained and analyzed in the temperature range from 77 to 297 K and under hydrostatic pressure up to 4.2 GPa (at T = 295 K). The experimental results were compared with quantum‐chemical simulation of TiOF5 pseudo‐octahedron. To interpret effects of lattice ordering, phonon spectra of several ordered phases of Rb2KTiOF5 were calculated within ab initio generalized Gordon–Kim model, and ordering of TiOF5 molecular groups were simulated within Monte Carlo approach. The spectra exhibited orientation disordering in the cubic phase under ambient conditions. Cooling below the phase transition temperature (215 K) leads to partial ordering of the structure. The isotropic perovskite‐like phase was found to undergo first‐order transition into a low‐symmetry anisotropic phase at about 1 GPa. Further compression up to 4.1 GPa did not show any effects associated with phase transitions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doping effect on the phase transition temperature in ferroelectric SrBi2−xNdxNb2O9 layer‐structured ceramics: a micro‐Raman scattering study
Authors: Jiang Kai , Li Wenwu , Chen Xiangui , Zhan Zhenni , Sun Lin , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: October 2011

The temperature dependence of Raman spectra for SrBi2−xNdxNb2O9 ceramics (x from 0 to 0.2) has been studied in a wide temperature range from 80 to 873 K. It is found that the peak position of the A1g[Nb] phonon mode at 207 cm–1, which is directly associated with the distortion of NbO6 octahedron, decreases with increasing Nd composition, while the A1g[O] phonon mode at 835 cm–1 increases. Moreover, both the peak position and intensity of the A1g[Nb] phonon mode reveal strong anomalies around the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition temperature. It indicates that the phase transition temperature decreases from about 710 to 550 K with increasing Nd composition, which is due to the fact that the introduction of Nd ions in the Bi2O2 layers reduces the distortion extent of NbO6 octahedron. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mit Selective Laser Melting auf dem Weg zur Serienproduktion?
Authors: Bremen Sebastian , Buchbinder Damien , Meiners Wilhelm , Wissenbach Konrad
Published: October 2011

Die fortschreitende Globalisierung und die damit einhergehende Sättigung und Segmentierung der Märkte erhöht die Variantenzahl produzierender Unternehmen und verstärkt die Nachfrage an individualisierten Produkten. Um in diesem Wettbewerb bestehen zu können, setzen Unternehmen in Hochlohnländern auf eine Kombination aus individuellen und gleichzeitig qualitativ hochwertigen Produkten. Die Herausforderung besteht in diesem Zusammenhang darin, möglichst schnell auf individuelle Kundenwünsche zu reagieren und gleichzeitig die Kosten niedrig zu halten [1]. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz dieses Problem zu lösen bietet die Technologie der generativen Fertigung, die in den letzten Jahren ihr technologisches Potenzial erheblich weiterentwickelt hat [2].
Ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis
Authors: Du Jiang , Diaz Eric , Carl Michael , Bae Won , Chung Christine B. , Bydder Graeme M.
Published: October 2011

Biological tissues frequently contain different water compartments, and these often have distinct transverse relaxation times. Quantification of these may be problematic on clinical scanners because spin echo sequences usually have initial echo times that are too long to accurately quantify shorter relaxation time components. In this study, an ultrashort echo time pulse sequence was used together with bicomponent analysis to quantify both the short and long T2 components in tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Feasibility studies were performed using numerical simulation, and on phantoms and in vitro tissues including bovine cortical bone, ligaments, menisci, tendons, and articular cartilage. The simulation and phantom studies demonstrated that this technique can quantify T2* and fractions of the short and long T2 components. The tissues studies showed two distinct components with short T2*s ranging from 0.3 ms for bovine cortical bone to 2.1 ms for menisci, and long T2*s ranging from 2.9 ms for bovine cortical bone to 35.0 ms for articular cartilage. The short T2* fraction ranged from 18.5% for patella cartilage to 80.9% for ligaments. The results show that ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis can quantify the short and long T2 water components in vitro in musculoskeletal tissues. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review and enhancement of 3D concrete models for large‐scale numerical simulations of concrete structures
Authors: Hofstetter B. Valentini, G.
Published: October 2011

The present paper focuses on selected plasticity and damage‐plasticity models for describing the 3D material behavior of concrete. In particular, a plasticity model and a damage‐plasticity model are reviewed and evaluated. Based on the results of the evaluation, enhancements are proposed, aiming at improving the correspondence between predicted and observed material behavior and aiming at implementing a robust and efficient stress update algorithm in a finite element program for performing large‐scale 3D numerical simulations of concrete structures. The capabilities of the concrete models are demonstrated by 3D numerical simulations of benchmark tests with combined bending and torsional loading and combined compression and shear loading and by a large‐scale 3D finite element analysis of a model test of a concrete arch dam. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asynchronous failed sensor node detection method for sensor networks
Authors: Sakib Kazi
Published: October 2011

Detecting failed nodes is important in a sensor network, because a failed node can cause coverage and connectivity holes. Since sensors are resource‐limited devices, lack of a clocking mechanism imposes difficulties in implementing synchronous failure detection techniques. To counter this, asynchronous methods are needed for detecting failed sensor nodes. For example, in traditional distributed systems sent data packets and received acknowledgements are matched to identify any malfunctions. A similar approach can be adopted in sensor networks. An asynchronous failed sensor node detection (AFSD) method is proposed, where a numeric counter variable is used to track the received and sent data packets between active nodes. This variable acts as bounded for an active sensor node and unbounded for an out‐of‐communication or failed node. By observing the value of the counter, a decision can be made on a deployed sensor node. Whenever the counter value of a neighbour crosses a predefined threshold, that neighbour is suspected. However, measuring a counter value can always lead to a false positive. To avoid false suspicion, a consensus protocol is needed. Such a technique is described, which is proved as accurate and complete. The complexity analysis shows that the control, energy, and time overheads of the proposed method are linear and in the order of number of neighbours per node. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of methodology for surface analysis of soft magnetic composite powders
Authors: Oikonomou C. , Hryha E. , Nyborg L.
Published: October 2011

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are designed for the sustainable industrial production of uniform isotropic components with three‐dimensional magnetic properties. The nanocoating covering the surface of water‐atomized iron powder is the paramount feature of SMC technology that gives the material the high resistivity needed for minimizing the negative effects of eddy currents. An analysis of its initial state/composition on a micro level and any changes during further compaction and heat treatment is thus of great importance. Therefore, a method for the evaluation of composition and thickness of such insulating coatings was developed in this study. High resolution imaging combined with surface analytical and depth profiling techniques (high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR SEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used. Analyses were performed on commercially available SMC powder grades having a phosphate‐based coating. Depth profiling was carried out by ion etching and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The analyses revealed the presence of oxygen (O1s), iron (Fe2p), and phosphorous (P2p), indicating these elements as the main components of the insulating coating. Two approaches for the evaluation of the coating thickness were tested based on the relationship between the normalized intensity of the iron metal peak and etch depth where the phosphorus and oxygen intensities reach half the difference of their maximum and minimum values. Results indicate that the thickness of the coating extends to the ~30 nm depth into the surface. For HR SEM imaging, utilization of an InLens detector for secondary electron imaging and a low acceleration voltage (~5 kV) is recommended for HR SEM + energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of coating morphology and composition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How middle managers' group‐focus emotions and social identities influence strategy implementation
Authors: Huy Quy Nguyen
Published: October 2011

The literature on top‐down strategy implementation has overlooked social‐emotional factors. The results of a three‐year field study of a large technology firm show how top executives who favor an affect neutral task approach can inadvertently activate middle managers' organization‐related social identities, such as length of time working for the company (newcomers versus veterans) and language spoken by senior executives (English versus French), generating group‐focus emotions. These emotions prompt middle managers—even those elevated to powerful positions by top executives—to support or covertly dismiss a particular strategic initiative even when their immediate personal interests are not directly under threat. This study contributes to the strategy implementation literature by linking senior executives' actions and middle managers' social identities, group‐focus emotions, and resulting behaviors to strategy implementation outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ROME4EU – A service‐oriented process‐aware information system for mobile devices
Authors: Russo Alessandro , Mecella Massimo , de Leoni Massimiliano
Published: October 2011

Nowadays, process‐aware information systems (PAISs) are widely used for the management of ‘administrative’ processes characterized by clear and well‐defined structures. Besides those scenarios, PAISs can be used also in mobile and pervasive scenarios, where process participants can be only equipped with smart devices, such as personal digital assistants. None of existing PAISs can be entirely deployed on smart devices, making unfeasible its usage in highly mobile scenarios. This paper presents ROME4EU, a mobile PAIS developed for being applied to the coordination of emergency operators, and an extensive validation of the system, both in term of performances and usability/acceptability by the users. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mixed‐Valence, Mixed‐Ligand Complex Co3(thd)3(EtO)4(tert‐BuCOO)
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. K. , Fjellvåg Helmer , Kjekshus Arne , Dietzel Pascal D. C. , Wragg David S.
Published: October 2011

The choice of solvent (alcohol or hydrocarbon), oxidising agent (air, pure oxygen or hydrogen peroxide), and temperature (ambient to boiling solution) is significant in the oxidation of Co(thd)2 [(thd)– = anion of H(thd) = C11H20O2 = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dione]. With EtOH as solvent, refluxing conditions, and oxygen atmosphere the solid reaction product was established as a 2:1 stoichiometric mixture of Co(thd)3 and Co3(thd)3(EtO)4(tert‐BuCOO). The relative amount of Co(thd)3 increases somewhat with decreasing reaction temperature. One third of the cobalt atoms in Co3(thd)3(EtO)4(tert‐BuCOO) retain their original CoII state (the rest being oxidised to CoIII). With MeOH as solvent negligible amounts of cobalt are available for oxidation since the CoII state instead becomes tied up in Co4(thd)4(MeO)4(MeOH)4 which is virtually insoluble in MeOH. Complete oxidation of CoII to CoIII occurs in 1‐ and 2‐propanol, but apart from Co(thd)3 the composition of the poorly crystalline products could not be identified. The crystal and molecular structures of Co3(thd)3(EtO)4(tert‐BuCOO) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [a = 9.811(4), b = 22.528(8), c = 50.516(5) Å, β = 99.178(7)° at 150 K; space group P21/c]. The molecular structure comprises a triangular Co3 central cluster linked together by Co–O–Co bridges. The arrangement in the central cluster can be viewed as a cuboid‐resembling Co3O4 configuration (viz. a Co4O4 cuboid with one cobalt vertex vacant). The coordination of the CoIII atoms is approximately octahedral whereas that of the penta‐coordinated CoII atoms is distorted square pyramidal.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of (Acetylacetonato)(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)chromium(III) Diperchlorate
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Choi Jong‐Ha , Ng Seik Weng
Published: October 2011

The complex [Cr(cyclam)(acac)](ClO4)2·0.5H2O (cyclam = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane; acac = acetylacetonate) was prepared and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction at 100 K. The chromium atom is in a slightly distorted octahedral environment with four nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ligand and two O‐bonded acac molecules in cis position. The cyclam ligand adopts the folded cis‐V configuration with six‐ and five‐membered chelate rings in chair and gauche conformation, respectively. The average Cr–N(cyclam) and Cr–O(acac) bonds are 2.080(4) and 1.941(3) Å, respectively. The IR and visible spectral properties are also described.
Thermal Stability and Acidic Strength of Preyssler‐Type Phosphotungstic Acid, H14[P5W30O110Na] and It's Catalytic Activity for Hydrolysis of Alkyl Acetates
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Ichi Yutaro , Ide Yusuke , Sano Tsuneji
Published: October 2011

Full structural analysis of Preyssler‐type phosphotungstic acid, H14[P5W30O110Na], using 183W NMR, 31P NMR, and IR spectroscopy, as well as complete elemental analysis revealed that H14[P5W30O110Na]·44H2O was obtained in pure form. H14[P5W30O110Na] started to decompose by heating at 373 K and was less stable than Keggin‐type phosphotungstic acid, H3PW12O40·6H2O, which was stable even after heating at 673 K. Acidic strength measurements using trimethyl phosphine oxide (Me3P=O) as a probe molecule indicated that the acidic strength of H14[P5W30O110Na] was greater than that of H3PW12O40 on the basis of the amount of acid in an aqueous solution. H14[P5W30O110Na] was less active than H3PW12O40 for hydrolysis of alkyl acetates on the basis of acid amount. However, H14[P5W30O110Na] was more active than H3PW12O40 for hydrolysis of alkyl acetates with small alkyl groups on the basis of catalyst weight because acid amount per weight of H14[P5W30O110Na] was about two times higher than that of H3PW12O40.