Effects of Google Classroom Instruction on Secondary School Students’ Learning Outcomes in Basic Science in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oniya Toluwa 
Published: February 2025

The study investigated effects of google classroom instruction on secondary school students’ learning outcomes in basic science in Osun State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was also to investigate the influence of students’ gender on their academic performance in Basic Science and influence that students’ attitude has towards the use of Google Classroom to teach Basic Science. The study adopted pre-test and post-test control group quasi- experimental research design of the survey type. The population consisted of all 10,256 Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) two students in all the public secondary schools in Osun state as at the time of conducting this study. The sample consisted of 120 junior secondary school two Basic Science students and they were chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. Two instruments used for this study were Basic Science Performance Test (BSPT) and Basic Science Students’ Attitudinal Questionnaire (BSSAQ). BSPT consisted of two sections; section A and B. Section A was used to collect bio-data of the students while the section B contained twenty five multiple choice items drawn from the past questions of Junior Secondary School Certificate examination (JSSCE) which were related to the topics taught in the class during the treatment. The correct option picked by the students attract two marks while the wrong options attract zero. BSSAQ consisted of two sections; section A and B. Section A was used to collect bio-data of the students while the section B contained twenty five items to elicit information on the attitude of students to the learning of Basic Science. The items in this section of the questionnaire was based on a 4-point Likert type scale with four options; Strongly Agree – 4 points, Agree – 3 points, Disagree - 2 points and Strongly Disagree – 1 point. The face and content validities for BSPT and BSSAQ were ascertained with the help of two lecturers in Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State who were specialists in Science Education. The test-retest method was used to establish BSPT and BSSAQ by administering it to twenty JSS 2 Basic Science students from outside the sampled local government areas twice at the interval of two weeks in Osun state. Scores collected from the two tests were subjected to Pearson Product Moment Correlation and the reliability coefficient of 0.89 and 0.78 were obtained which were used to adjudge the instruments to be reliable. The research question was answered by frequency count, mean and standard deviation, hypotheses one and two were analysed using t-test analysis and hypothesis three was analysed using two-way ANOVA. The three hypotheses were tested at the significance level of 0.05. The finding showed that the influence of students’ attitude on their performance in Basic Science using Google classroom. The finding showed that there was no difference in the performance of students in the two groups. This means that both groups are homogeneous. The findings of this study also showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students’ performance in Google classroom and control group. The finding also showed that there was significant difference in the post-test mean score of students exposed to Google classroom and the control group. It was therefore recommended that government should embark on more funds for the adequate training and retraining of Basic Science teachers on the use of Google Classroom, and that Basic Science teachers should be encouraged to explore and include the use of Google Classroom in their teaching and learning process.