bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IN SEARCH OF SILENCE – SOUND AS A TOURIST VALUE OF MOUNTAIN HIKING TRAILS
Authors: Malec Magdalena
Published: July 2019

Purpose. The aim of this work was to assess the sound landscape of two popular mountain trails located in often visited mountain regions – Gorce (the route to Turbacz) and the Beskid Wyspowy (the route to Luboń Wielki). The work focuses on relations between tourists and the soundscape. More and more often, searching for resting places, tourists choose quiet and peaceful places. On the one hand, they allow for relaxation and regeneration, while on the other, they allow for acquainting and understanding the surrounding nature better. Silence in terms of the ability to hear the most subtle sounds of nature, should be promoted as the basic tourist value of a given place. One cannot forget about the characteristic sounds of cultural origin that determine the spirit of a place. Methods. The usefulness of mountainous regions to create quiet and peaceful places suitable for rest and to promote these places as a tourist value was assessed. On the other hand, research has highlighted the impact of excessive tourism pressure on landscape and nature. During the research, the sound level and the inventory of characteristic sounds were measured. Findings. In the analysed period, both routes were characterised by high naturalness – the sounds of natural origin prevailed. The pressure caused by tourism was not very visible, as could be seen in the high activity of birds and small mammals, and in the possibility of hearing the subtle sounds of nature. In spring, on weekdays, such areas can be good places for rest and relaxation for residents of large urban agglomerations. However, the seasonality of tourist traffic also affects changes in the sound sphere of these places. Research and conclusions limitations. The research concerns only one season of the year (late spring) and weekdays. It is necessary to carry out this type of research at different times of the year and at the weekend to show the variability of this parameter in time and space. Practical implications. Research indicates noise hazards resulting from tourist traffic on the trails, but contrarily, it indicates the possibilities of using the sound landscape to promote tourist areas of the Polish mountains. Originality. In the literature on tourism and anthropopressure, there are relatively few reports regarding the acoustic sphere of mountain tourist areas and mutual relations between the sound landscape and terrain users. Type of paper. An article presenting the results of empirical research.
A Review of the Book by Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko titled ”Sports Tourism”
Authors: Berbeka Jadwiga
Published: July 2019

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An Account from the International Tourism Bourse (ITB), Berlin 2019
Authors: Kryczka Małgorzata
Published: July 2019

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Potencial metanogênico de resíduos de frutas e hortaliças em função do tipo de inóculo
Authors: Edwiges Thiago , Costa Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça , Frare Laercio Mantovani , Alino João Henrique Lima , Mayer Bruna
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de produção e a qualidade do biogás a partir da biodigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e hortaliças (RFH) como substrato e duas fontes distintas de inóculo como fonte de biomassa bacteriana. Os resíduos foram coletados em uma Central de Abastecimento e os inóculos incluíram lodo anaeróbio secundário coletado em uma estação de tratamento de esgoto sanitário (inóculo/ES) e lodo anaeróbio coletado em um biodigestor abastecido com dejetos suínos (inóculo/DS). A determinação do potencial de produção de biogás foi realizada seguindo as diretrizes propostas pela norma VDI 4630. O volume de biogás foi medido diariamente e a composição determinada semanalmente por cromatografia gasosa. Os RFH apresentaram pH ácido, ausência de alcalinidade, elevada umidade e elevada concentração de material orgânico volátil. Os inóculos apresentaram pH próximo à neutralidade, resultante de processos anaeróbios bem estabilizados e a principal diferença foi observada para os teores de alcalinidade. A produção acumulada de biogás dos RFH foi de 362 mLN g SV–1 utilizando o inóculo/ES e 348 mLN g SV–1 utilizando com inóculo/DS, indicando similaridade independentemente do tipo de inóculo. No entanto, observaram-se diferenças quanto à produção diária e à concentração de metano. A utilização do inóculo–ES possibilitou a rápida conversão da matéria orgânica em biogás, com aproximadamente 90% da produção total gerada nos primeiros quatro dias. Os testes com o inóculo/DS apresentaram 60% de metano (totalizando 210 mLN CH4 g SV–1) e os testes com inóculo/ES 51% de metano (totalizando 184 mLN CH4 g SV–1). Mesmo com maior capacidade de degradação durante o processo, o inóculo/DS permitiu uma produção acumulada de metano 14% superior quando comparada ao inóculo/ES.
Padrão de especialização do comércio internacional do Ceará (1999-2016)
Authors: Trevisan Laís Viera , Franck Alison Geovani Schwingel , Silva Rodrigo Abbade da , Coronel Daniel Arruda
Published: July 2019

Este estudo buscou avaliar o padrão de especialização do comércio internacional do estado do Ceará, identificando os setores produtivos mais dinâmicos, no período entre 1999 e 2016. Neste sentido, foram calculados os indicadores de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (IVCRS), de Comércio Intraindústria (CII), de Concentração Setorial das Exportações (ICS) e Taxa de Cobertura das Importações (TC). Os dados foram obtidos no site da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior - SECEX. Os resultados indicaram que o estado possui quatro setores competitivos no mercado internacional, os quais refletem uma pauta exportadora com vantagens comparativas convencionais. Tais setores foram os de calçados/couro, têxtil, alimentos, fumo e bebidas e o setor de minerais não metais e metais preciosos. Os indicadores apontam ainda que, mesmo que o Ceará venha participando de políticas de atração de incentivos para a indústria de transformação, tal feito ainda não foi capaz de modificar a participação do estado no valor da transformação industrial, e, assim, ele ainda não foi capaz de promover mudanças significativas na estrutura produtiva no sentido de uma maior diversificação e maior complexidade de sua estrutura industrial
O reuni e a inclusão social: novos desafios para a gestão universitária
Authors: Da Conceição Gionete Evangelista , Ituassu Cristiana Trindade , Ribeiro Luiz Paulo
Published: July 2019

O artigo trata dos desafios que as políticas públicas de inclusão social trazem para a gestão universitária. Tem por objetivo analisar o que dizem gestores da UFMG sobre a implantação do REUNI e inclusão social nesta Universidade. Utilizou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, que consistiu em um estudo de caso, com participação de gestores ocupantes de cargos vinculados diretamente à Reitoria e coordenadores de cursos, englobando oito grandes áreas do conhecimento. Como método de coleta de dados, utilizou-se de pesquisa documental e entrevista semiestruturada com 23 gestores. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ, sendo realizada análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o Programa REUNI foi uma política de Governo necessária, porém insuficiente para promover a inclusão social e que a expansão de vagas por si só, não garante a inclusão social, sendo necessárias a adoção de outras políticas focalizadas que visem a garantir igualdade de condições na permanência e de participação em atividades de pesquisa e extensão, evitando-se a inclusão excludente das minorias.
Actitudes ante la sostenibilidad y la moda: una exploración por grupos de edad
Authors: Rodríguez Cánovas Belén , Martín-Caro Ester
Published: July 2019

Purpose: This study attempts to explore consumer’s attitudes towards sustainability and in particular, in fashion industry. It aims to explore which priority industries are for consumers in sustainability and how fashion industry is positioned. Furthermore, it explores how age can influence on the attitudes and expectations towards sustainability in fashion.

Design/methodology: To achieve these objectives, a sample of 297 individuals was collected for survey in Madrid and a correspondence analysis was executed. Findings: Results evidence that fashion industry does not seem to be a priority for customers when they consider sustainability in front of other industries. Variable group of age is a moderator. In addition, customers show different profiles regarding their expectations towards sustainability practices in fashion industry.

Research limitations/implications: These results have several implications that can contribute to enhance the achievement of sustainability. On one side, manufacturers make considerable efforts for sustainability without reaching the individuals. On the other side, major efforts for enhancing the disclosure of information about sustainability should be done. Nevertheless, hhe sample size and sampling method do not allow for generalization.

Originality/value: However, it opens a debate about the importance of age in sustainability attitudes. It also evidences that there is a lack of information about the concept of fashion sustainability.
Curcumin ameliorates atrophy of seminal vesicle via reduction of oxidative stress in castrated mice
Authors: Li Rui , Li Hao , Rao Ke , Liu Kang , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiaming , Wang Tao , Wang Shaogang , Liu Zhuo , Liu Jihong
Published: July 2019

Background

The growth and function of seminal vesicle are dependent on androgen. This study was conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy and to explore the effects of curcumin, an antioxidant extracted from rhizome of turmeric, on seminal vesicle of castrated mice.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control, castration, and castration with curcumin (n = 10 for each group). After surgical castration, mice in the curcumin treatment group received intragastric administration of curcumin at 100 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks, whereas mice in the other two groups were treated with olive oil. After that, the body weight, seminal vesicle weight and serum testosterone of mice were measured. Apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in seminal vesicle were also determined.

Results

After castration, both the weight and size of seminal vesicle decreased dramatically. The expression of three NADPH oxidase (NOX) subtypes: NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, increased in seminal vesicle of castrated mice, resulting in high level oxidative stress. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was also elevated after castration, accompanied by enhanced caspase3 activity. Additionally, castration increased the number of apoptotic cells in seminal vesicle. Curcumin treatment could inhibit the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The atrophy of seminal vesicle caused by castration was ameliorated by curcumin.

Conclusion

Castration could cause atrophy of seminal vesicle probably via inducing oxidative stress. Curcumin treatment could reduce the oxidative stress in seminal vesicle by decreasing the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, thereby ameliorating apoptosis and atrophy of seminal vesicle. Oxidative stress might play a role in castration-induced seminal vesicle atrophy.
Permutative representations of the 2-adic ring C∗-algebra
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, 1362 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A., Aiello Valeriano , Conti Roberto ,   Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza Universit\`{a} di Roma, Via A. Scarpa 16, I-00161 Roma, Italy, Rossi Stefano ,   Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit\`{a} di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy
Published: July 2019

The notion of permutative representation is generalized to the 2-adic ring C∗-algebra Q2. Permutative representations of Q2 are then investigated with a particular focus on the inclusion of the Cuntz algebra O2⊂Q2. Notably, every permutative representation of O2 is shown to extend automatically to a permutative representation of Q2 provided that an extension whatever exists. Moreover, all permutative extensions of a given representation of O2 are proved to be unitarily equivalent to one another. Irreducible permutative representations of Q2 are classified in terms of irreducible permutative representations of the Cuntz algebra. Apart from the canonical representation of Q2, every irreducible representation of Q2 is the unique extension of an irreducible permutative representation of O2. Furthermore, a permutative representation of Q2 will decompose into a direct sum of irreducible permutative subrepresentations if and only if it restricts to O2 as a \textit{regular} representation in the sense of Bratteli--Jorgensen. As a result, a vast class of pure states of O2 is shown to enjoy the unique pure extension property with respect to the inclusion O2⊂Q2.
Study on Variation of Polar Metabolites in Control and Water Stressed Gossypium hirsutum L. Using NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bisht Hema , K. Bhatnagar M. , S. Bisht S. , K. Murthy Arun
Published: July 2019

In the present study, the variation in polar metabolites in Gossypium hirsutum L. during water stress was observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) techniques. Discriminating metabolites were elucidated by 1H NMR measurements and 2D-NMR (COSY and HSQC) techniques. Total 46 polar metabolites were detected in control and water stressed G. hirsutum leaf and stem. Nine metabolites in the leaf while thirteen metabolites in the stem were quantified. Highly significant quantitative variations were noticed, among the metabolites, i.e., glucose, glycinebetaine (GB), alanine in leaf and glycinebetaine (GB), scyloinositol in stem. This change in metabolite profile during water stress in G. hirsutum represents the change in metabolomic flux in different pathways.
HPLC, Densitometric and Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Colchicine and Probenecid in Their Binary Mixture
Authors: Mohammed Samah Abd Elsabour , El-Razeq Sawsan Abd El Moneim Abd , Mohammed Israa Abd Elgafar
Published: July 2019

Aim: To develop methods with  complete validation according to ICH guidelines and to be  applied for the determination of both drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in pharmaceutical formulation

Study Design: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), densitometric and different spectrophotometric methods (zero order, derivative ratio, ratio difference and mean centering) are developed for simultaneous determination of colchicine and probenecid in their combined pharmaceutical formulation. 

Methodology: High performance liquid chromatography separation is developed using C18 column and methanol: ammonia (100: 1.5 v/v) as a mobile phase. The densitometric method based on the separation of both drugs using chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate: water: ammonia (7: 5:2.5:0.5:0.5 by volume) as mobile phase and scanning λ at 254 nm. Zero order determination is based on measurement of colchicine absorbance at 349 nm.  The first derivative ratio of peak amplitudes at 367 nm& at 290.4 nm and the ratio difference with the amplitude difference between (385 nm and 362.4 nm) and ( 270 nm and 255 nm)  for colchicine and probenecid, respectively are developed for the determination of both drugs. Mean centering determination of probenecid is developed by measurement at 279 nm using 3.6 µg/mL of colchicine as a divisor.

Results: HPLC method was applied over the  concentration ranges of 1.0-45.0 µg/mL & 0.5-30.0, while densitometric method was  linear over the concentration 0.15. 0-0.6 & 0.15-0.45 µg / band  and spectrophotometric methods were linear over the concentration ranges 10.00-55.0 & 3.6-20.0 µg/mL  for colchicine and probenecid, respectively.

Conclusion: Novel, simple and accurate method for the determination of colchicine and probenecid simultaneously in their binary mixture.
Sugarcane Biochar for Agricultural Use Produced in Different Conditions of Pyrolysis
Authors: Pinho Juliany Barbosa de , Bianchini Aloisio , Pereira Pedro Silvério Xavier , Nunes Letycia Cunha , Daros Rodrigo Fernandes , Silva Josilaine Gonçalves da , Castro Dione Aparecido
Published: July 2019

From the pyrolysis process, biochar is a carbon rich and recalcitrant organic material with potential for long term carbon sequestration because of its aromatic structure. However, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar vary due to the diversity of raw material and the conditions of production. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochar from the sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures and under two conditions of pyrolysis. The biochar was produced at two final temperatures 200°C (1 hour); 250°C (1h) and 250°C (2h), with pyrolysis of an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere for both. PH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), carbon content (C), Nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), H:C, C:N and ash ratios were evaluated. The contents of C, H, N and the atomic ratios H:C and C:N were higher in Biochar produced in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (BNO). However, the content of ash, pH and CTC were higher in Biochar produced in oxidizing atmospheres (BO). One can conclude the direct influence of the pyrolysis condition.
Estimating of Corn Yield Based on Agrometeorological Models in the State of Mato Grosso
Authors: Castro Dione Aparecido , Veiga Bruno Conceição de , Moraes Milton Ferreira de , Chagas Merita Albertini , Pinho Juliany Barbosa de , Nunes Letycia Cunha , Silva Barbara de Motta , Magalhães Sulamirtes Suellem de Amorim
Published: July 2019

Aims: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of agrometeorological models for estimating the yield potential of corn in municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso, referring to the 2014/2015 harvest period.

Location and Duration of the Study: Due to their great potential on corn crop cultivation, four cities were chosen within the State of Mato Grosso: Nova Mutum, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso and Sinop. 2014/2015 harvest period.

Methodology: The yield data were obtained by the Farming Economy Institute of Mato Grosso-IMEA. The physiological ripening cycle considered was 120 days and the seeding period 02/02/2015 and harvest 01/06/2015. In order to calculate yield and the water stress, it was necessary to gather data from meteorological stations near the cities where the work was produced, these data were available at the National Institute of Meteorology. The estimated potential yield data were compared among the agrometeorological models, as well as the real yield obtained in the selected municipalities.

Results: The estimated potential yield data were compared among the agrometeorological models, as well as the real yield obtained in the selected municipalities. There were variances between the agrometeorological models studied, on average estimated 5413.68 kg ha-1 at model 1 and 6766.45 kg ha-1  аt the model 2 (Table 3). It was observed that Model 1 estimated greater yield for Nova Mutum, followed by Sinop, Sorriso and Lucas do Rio Verde, and yet the Model 2 estimated greater potential for Lucas do Rio Verde, followed by the municipalities of Sinop, Sorriso and Nova Mutum (Picture 1 and Table 3).   In this regard, the model 2 has characterized the closest potential yield, from the environment yield reality.

Conclusion: The Model 2 has characterized the potential yield closer to the reality of production environment. The difference of all potential yield of corn from all municipalities studied were all directly related to factor interaction which interferes on its growth and development, consequently the difference among these environments. Taking into account the effects of water conditions, the chosen period for seeding can harm the corn yield in the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde.
Investigating the interactions between DNA and DndE during DNA phosphorothioation
Authors: Yao Penfei , Liu Yaping , Wang Chengkun , Lan Wenxian , Wang Chunxi , Cao Chunyang
Published: July 2019

The DNA phosphorothioate modification is a novel physiological variation in bacteria. DndE controls this modification by binding to dsDNA via a mechanism that remains unclear. Structural analysis of the wild‐type DndE tetramer suggests that a positively charged region in its center is important for DNA binding. In the present study, we replaced residues G21 and G24 in this region with lysines, which increases the DNA binding affinity but does not affect the DNA degradation phenotype. Structural analysis of the mutant indicates that it forms a new tetrameric conformation and that DndE interacts with DNA as a monomer rather than as a tetramer. A structural model of the DndE–DNA complex, based on its structural homolog P22 Arc repressor, indicates that two flexible loops in DndE are determinants of DNA binding
Effect of Cu on Amorphization of a TiNi Alloy during HPT and Shape Memory Effect after Post‐Deformation Annealing
Authors: Shahmir Hamed , Nili-Ahmadabadi Mahmoud , Mohammadi Mahdi , Huang Yi , Andrzejczuk Mariusz , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Langdon Terence G.
Published: July 2019

A ternary TiNiCu shape memory alloy is subjected to high‐pressure torsion (HPT) followed by post‐deformation annealing (PDA) to study the effect of Cu (5 at%) on amorphization after HPT processing and to investigate the microstructural evolution and shape memory effect (SME) after PDA. The results show that even after 20 revolutions the ternary alloy contains nanocrystalline areas and the microstructure is not fully amorphous. An easier martensite‐to‐austenite transformation and minor remaining austenite in the ternary alloy are responsible for suppressing amorphization. Post‐deformation annealing at 673 K provides nanocrystalline microstructures containing an R‐phase with a minor martensitic B19' phase in the ternary alloy. The SME of this alloy after PDA is not as satisfactory as that of the binary alloy processed through similar conditions because of the existence of a high volume fraction of the R‐phase. However, the total recovered strain of the ternary alloy after PDA for 30 min has a maximum value of 6.5%.
High‐Speed Direct Laser Writing of Silver Nanostructures via Two‐Photon Reduction
Authors: Saha Sourabh K. , Au Brian , Oakdale James S.
Published: July 2019

Despite the widespread use of metallic nanostructures in several emerging applications, high‐throughput template‐free fabrication techniques that are capable of patterning arbitrarily complex nanostructures are lacking. Two‐photon reduction‐based direct laser writing is a promising technique due to its ability to fabricate geometrically intricate metallic structures with sub‐diffraction nanoscale features. Unfortunately, the extremely low writing speed of ≈10 μm s−1 makes this process impractical for large‐scale manufacturing. The operating speed is currently limited by a lack of photoresist materials that can operate under high‐speed writing conditions. Herein, a silver‐containing aqueous photoresist recipe is presented that increases the writing speed to 1 cm s−1 while maintaining the ability to fabricate sub‐diffraction silver nanowires as thin as 500 nm. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the printed silver is within one‐fifth that of bulk silver. Strikingly, it is demonstrated here that the conventional design rule of using surfactants to promote high‐quality printing is faulty under high‐speed conditions. Instead, surfactants limit the throughput and are eliminated to enable high‐speed writing. The 1000× throughput scale‐up presented here significantly improves our ability to transition nano‐enabled devices from research laboratories to real‐world adoption.
Broad Range Tuning of Phase Transition Property in VO2 Through Metal‐Ceramic Nanocomposite Design
Authors: Jian Jie , Wang Xuejing , Misra Shikhar , Sun Xing , Qi Zhimin , Gao Xingyao , Sun Jianing , Donohue Andrea , Lin Daw Gen , Pol Vilas , Youngblood Jeffrey , Wang Han , Li Leigang , Huang Jijie , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2019

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a well‐studied Mott‐insulator because of the very abrupt physical property switching during its semiconductor‐to‐metal transition (SMT) around 341 K (68 °C). In this work, through novel oxide‐metal nanocomposite designs (i.e., Au:VO2 and Pt:VO2), a very broad range of SMT temperature tuning from ≈323.5 to ≈366.7 K has been achieved by varying the metallic secondary phase in the nanocomposites (i.e., Au:VO2 and Pt:VO2 thin films, respectively). More surprisingly, the SMT Tc can be further lowered to ≈301.8 K (near room temperature) by reducing the Au particle size from 11.7 to 1.7 nm. All the VO2 nanocomposite thin films maintain superior phase transition performance, i.e., large transition amplitude, very sharp transition, and narrow width of thermal hysteresis. Correspondingly, a twofold variation of the complex dielectric function has been demonstrated in these metal‐VO2 nanocomposites. The wide range physical property tuning is attributed to the band structure reconstruction at the metal‐VO2 phase boundaries. This demonstration paved a novel approach for tuning the phase transition property of Mott‐insulating materials to near room temperature transition, which is important for sensors, electrical switches, smart windows, and actuators.
Soft Bioelectronic Stickers: Selection and Evaluation of Skin‐Interfacing Electrodes
Authors: Lopes Pedro Alhais , Vaz Gomes Davide , Green Marques Daniel , Faia Pedro , Góis Joana , Patrício Tatiana F. , Coelho Jorge , Serra Arménio , de Almeida Aníbal T. , Majidi Carmel , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: July 2019

Surface biopotentials collected from the human epidermis contain important information about human physiology, such as muscular, heart, and brain activities. However, commercially available wearable biomonitoring devices are generally composed of rigid hardware incompatible with the mechanical compliance of soft human tissues. Thin‐film stretchable e‐skin circuits that can interface the human skin represent an excellent alternative for long‐term wearable biomonitoring. Here, a series of soft and stretchable electrodes are evaluated for their applicability in biopotential sensing. This includes conductive composites made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a base substrate and conductive particles, i.e., carbon (cPDMS), silver (AgPDMS), anisotropic z‐axis conductors made with silver‐coated nickel particles (zPDMS), as well as a combination of a conductive tough hydrogel with PDMS, and finally ultrathin tattoo‐like adhesive poly(vinyl alcohol)‐coated films with stretchable biphasic Ag‐EGaIn electrodes. These electrodes are compared between themselves and against the gold‐standard Ag/AgCl and stainless steel electrodes, in order to assess relative performance in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) during electrocardiography, and electrode‐skin impedance for a range of frequencies. Results show a direct relation between conformity of the electrode–skin interface and the SNR value. An all‐integrated biomonitoring patch with embedded processing and communication electronics, hydrogel electrodes, and a multilayer liquid metal circuit is presented for electromyography.
Application Challenges in Fiber and Textile Electronics
Authors: Wang Lie , Fu Xuemei , He Jiqing , Shi Xiang , Chen Taiqiang , Chen Peining , Wang Bingjie , Peng Huisheng
Published: July 2019

Modern electronic devices are moving toward miniaturization and integration with an emerging focus on wearable electronics. Due to their close contact with the human body, wearable electronics have new requirements including low weight, small size, and flexibility. Conventional 3D and 2D electronic devices fail to efficiently meet these requirements due to their rigidity and bulkiness. Hence, a new family of 1D fiber‐shaped electronic devices including energy‐harvesting devices, energy‐storage devices, light‐emitting devices, and sensing devices has risen to the challenge due to their small diameter, lightweight, flexibility, and weavability into soft textile electronics. The application challenges faced by fiber and textile electronics from single fiber‐shaped devices to continuously scalable fabrication, to encapsulation and testing, and to application mode exploration, are discussed. The evolutionary trends of fiber and textile electronics are then summarized. Finally, future directions required to boost their commercialization are highlighted.
A Photochemical Approach toward High‐Fidelity Programmable Transfer Printing
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lu Bingwei , Wang Tao , Feng Xue , Xu Hangxun
Published: July 2019

Transfer printing is a critically important process toward assembling a wide range of materials and fabricating high‐performance flexible and stretchable electronics. It is still challenging to directly integrate transfer printing techniques into current semiconductor processing technologies via a low‐cost, scalable, and programmable manner. Here, a photochemical approach is proposed to transfer microelectronic components and functional materials onto soft substrates. This approach relies on the photoinduced modulation of the adhesive strength of stamps, leading to faithfully pick up and release inks upon UV irradiation. Moreover, by coupling with a photomask, this method could be further utilized to print inks via a spatially selective manner which is difficult to realize in conventional approaches. Micrometer‐sized Si inks, thin‐film metal electrodes, and polystyrene colloidal particles are transferred from their corresponding donor substrates to polydimethylsiloxane substrates to demonstrate the potential of this versatile approach. Considering that UV light is widely used in current semiconductor industry (e.g., photolithography), this method could be potentially compatible with large‐area, high‐throughput manufacturing processes. This newly developed photochemical approach toward programmable transfer printing provides a promising solution for high‐volume production of flexible and stretchable electronics in the near future.
Dietary generalists and nutritional specialists: Feeding strategies of adult female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya
Authors: Takahashi Maressa Q. , Rothman Jessica M. , Raubenheimer David , Cords Marina
Published: July 2019

Generalist primates eat many food types and shift their diet with changes in food availability. Variation in foods eaten may not, however, match variation in nutrient intake. We examined dietary variation in a generalist‐feeder, the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), to see how dietary food intake related to variation in available food and nutrient intake. We used 371 all‐day focal follows from 24 adult females (three groups) in a wild rainforest population to quantify daily diet over 9 months. We measured food availability using vegetation surveys and phenology monitoring. We analyzed >700 food and fecal samples for macronutrient content. Subjects included 445 food items (species‐specific plant parts and insect morphotypes) in their diet. Variation in fruit consumption (percentage of diet and total kcal) tracked variation in availability, suggesting fruit was a preferred food type. Fruits also constituted the majority of the diet (by calories) and some fruit species were eaten more than expected based on relative availability. In contrast, few species of young leaves were eaten more than expected. Also, subjects ate fewer young leaves (based on calories consumed) when fruit or young leaves were more available, suggesting that young leaves served as fallback foods. Despite the broad range of foods in the diet, group differences in fiber digestibility, and variation that reflected food availability, subjects and groups converged on similar nutrient intakes (grand mean ± SD: 637.1 ± 104.7 kcal overall energy intake, 293.3 ± 46.9 kcal nonstructural carbohydrate, 147.8 ± 72.4 kcal lipid, 107.8 ± 12.9 kcal available protein, and 88.1 ± 17.5 kcal structural carbohydrate; N = 24 subjects). Thus, blue monkeys appear to be food composition generalists and nutrient intake specialists, using flexible feeding strategies to regulate nutrient intake. Findings highlight the importance of simultaneously examining dietary composition at both levels of foods and nutrients to understand primate feeding ecology.
Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing properties
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: July 2019

Nanotechnology encompasses the understanding of the fundamental physics, biology, chemistry and technology of nanometre‐scale objects. In recent decades, nanotechnology has grown rapidly owing to its widespread application in science and industry. The aim of the work reported was the green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (AgNPs@Falcaria) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for AgNPs@Falcaria and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria had great cell viability dose‐dependently, indicating their non‐toxicity. Minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined by macro‐broth dilution assay. The data were analysed using SPSS software (Duncan post hoc test). AgNPs@Falcaria revealed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than many standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, AgNPs@Falcaria prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2–8 mg ml−1 concentrations and removed them at 4–16 mg ml−1 concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). AgNPs@Falcaria inhibited the growth of all fungi at 2–4 mg ml−1 concentrations and destroyed them at 4–8 mg ml−1 concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). For in vivo experiments, after creating a cutaneous wound, rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2% AgNO3 ointment, treatment with 0.2% F. vulgaris ointment and treatment with 0.2% AgNPs@Falcaria ointment. Use of AgNPs@Falcaria ointment in the treatment groups substantially decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes and markedly raised (p ≤ 0.01) wound contracture, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocytes and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio compared to the other groups. In summary, the synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria revealed non‐cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing activities in a dose‐dependent manner.
Multi‐component reaction‐functionalized chitosan complexed with copper nanoparticles: An efficient catalyst toward A3 coupling and click reactions in water
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Shadi Mehrdad , Mohammadian Reza , Javanbakht Siamak , Nazeri Mohammad Taghi , Bahri Fereshteh
Published: July 2019

A novel bio‐nanocomposite nanocatalyst with highly dispersed particles is synthesized through covalent functionalization of chitosan biopolymer by the multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy. Surface functionalization of chitosan through MCR is led to the grafting of carboxamide type ligands with a high affinity toward complexation with copper nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was explored in various transformations such as A3 coupling and click reactions in water. Reusability and non‐hazardous nature of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, high yielding, and using water as a solvent are the main advantages of this catalytic protocol.
Iron‐Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐Pyridone Derivatives: 1,6‐Addition and Formal Ring Opening/Cross Coupling
Authors: Huang Lin , Gu Yiting , Fürstner Alois
Published: July 2019

In the presence of simple iron salts, 2‐pyridone derivatives react with Grignard reagents under mild conditions to give the corresponding 1,6‐addition products; if the reaction medium is supplemented with an aprotic dipolar cosolvent after the actual addition step, the intermediates primarily formed succumb to ring opening, giving rise to non‐thermodynamic Z,E‐configured dienoic acid amide derivatives which are difficult to make otherwise. Control experiments as well as the isolation and crystallographic characterization of a (tricarbonyl)iron pyridone complex suggest that the active iron catalyst generated in situ exhibits high affinity to the polarized diene system embedded into the heterocyclic ring system of the substrates, which likely serves as the actual recognition element.
The Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ): A Study of Vulnerability, Mental Health and Life Satisfaction in Autistic Adults
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Allison Carrie , Kenny Rebecca , Holt Rosemary , Smith Paula , Baron‐Cohen Simon
Published: July 2019

Co‐morbid mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are extremely common in autistic adults. Vulnerability to negative life experiences such as victimisation and unemployment may be partially responsible for the development of these conditions. Here we measure the frequency of negative life experiences in autistic adults and explore how these are associated with current anxiety and depression symptoms and life satisfaction. We developed the Vulnerability Experiences Quotient (VEQ) through stakeholder consultation. The VEQ includes 60 items across 10 domains. Autistic adults with a clinical diagnosis and non‐autistic controls completed the VEQ, screening measures for anxiety and depression, and a life‐satisfaction scale in an online survey. Likelihood of experiencing each VEQ event was compared between groups, using binary logistic regression. Mediation analysis was used to test whether total VEQ score mediated the relationship between autism and (1) depression (2) anxiety and (3) life satisfaction. Autistic adults (N = 426) reported higher rates of the majority of events in the VEQ than non‐autistic adults (N = 268). They also reported more anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Group differences in anxiety, depression and life satisfaction were partially mediated by VEQ total score. This study highlights several important understudied areas of vulnerability for autistic adults, including domestic abuse, contact with social services (as parents) and financial exploitation and hardship. Improved support, advice and advocacy services are needed to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults to negative life experiences, which may in turn improve mental health and life satisfaction in this population. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1516–1528. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study investigated whether autistic adults are more vulnerable to certain negative life experiences, and whether these experiences are related to anxiety, depression and life satisfaction. We found that autistic adults are more vulnerable to many different negative life events, including employment difficulties, financial hardship and domestic abuse. Negative life experiences partially explained the higher rates of anxiety and depression symptoms and lower life satisfaction in autistic adults compared to non‐autistic adults. Improved support services are required to reduce the vulnerability of autistic adults. Reducing vulnerability may improve mental health and increase life satisfaction in this population.
Perspectives of key stakeholders on employment of autistic adults across the united states, australia, and sweden
Authors: Black Melissa H. , Mahdi Soheil , Milbourn Benjamin , Thompson Craig , D'Angelo Axel , Ström Eva , Falkmer Marita , Falkmer Torbjörn , Lerner Matthew , Halladay Alycia , Gerber Alan , Esposito Christopher , Girdler Sonya , Bölte Sven
Published: July 2019

Despite efforts to improve employment outcomes for autistic individuals, internationally their employment rates remain low. There is a need to better understand the factors influencing successful employment for autistic adults in the labor market from the perspectives of multiple key stakeholders. This study represents the second in a series of papers conducted as part of an International Society for Autism Research policy brief aimed at improving employment outcomes for autistic individuals. A community consultation methodology using focus groups, forums, and interviews was applied with autistic individuals (n = 19), family members (n = 18), service providers (n = 21), employers (n = 11), researchers (n = 5), and advocacy group representatives (n = 5) in Australia, Sweden, and the United States, aiming to identify the factors perceived to determine gaining and maintaining employment for autistic individuals. Directed content analysis, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing employment outcomes for autistic individuals. Meaningful verbal concepts, or units of text with common themes, were also derived from the qualitative data and then linked and compared to the ICF Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Core‐sets. Across countries, activity and participation and environmental factor categories of the ICF were the most associated with employment outcomes. Results suggest that removal of environmental barriers and enhancing environmental facilitators may assist to remediate ASD‐related difficulties in the workplace. Autism Res 2019, © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study sought to understand the perspectives of autistic individuals and key stakeholders on factors influencing if autistic adults get and keep jobs. Across Australia, Sweden, and the United States, focus groups and interviews were conducted to understand international perspectives on what helps and hinders getting and keeping a job for autistic individuals. The environment, including supports, relationships, attitudes, and services, were perceived to be the most important for workplace success. Intervention targeting barriers and facilitators in the workplace environment may support autistic adults to be successful in the labor market.
An overcorrection framing effect
Authors: Seta John J. , Seta Catherine E. , McCormick Michael
Published: July 2019

With the “typical” attribute framing manipulation, assimilation effects have often been obtained; people often judge the attributes of a judgmental target more positively when the attributes are framed positively (e.g., 99% pure) than negatively (e.g., 1% impure). Research has not, however, explored or demonstrated the effects of correcting or overcorrecting for the frame's influence. Overcorrection framing occurs when a more positive response is produced by the negative frame. Across three experiments, overcorrection as well as typical framing effects were obtained. In Experiments 1 and 2, overcorrection effects were obtained when participants were prompted to consider complementary information and, in Experiment 3, when the frame's source was described as untrustworthy. In contrast, typical framing effects were obtained when prompts were not supplied and when the frame's source was not described as being untrustworthy. These results supported the unification model that uses a priming analysis to account for assimilation (typical framing) and contrast (overcorrection framing) effects. We discussed how overcorrection is expected with other framing manipulations, such as risky‐choice framing. We provided reasons for asymmetrical correction effects and discussed implications of our analysis for holistic/analytical as well as System 1/System 2 processing styles, the influence of different amounts of cognitive resource allocations, and the possibility of a correction process involving averaging.
The Emergence of Stem Cell‐Based Brain Organoids: Trends and Challenges
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jay
Published: July 2019

Recent developments in 3D cultures exploiting the self‐organization ability of pluripotent stem cells have enabled the generation of powerful in vitro systems termed brain organoids. These 3D tissues recapitulate many aspects of human brain development and disorders occurring in vivo. When combined with improved differentiation methods, these in vitro systems allow the generation of more complex “assembloids,” which are able to reveal cell diversities, microcircuits, and cell–cell interactions within their 3D organization. Here, the ways in which human brain organoids have contributed to demystifying the complexities of brain development and modeling of developmental disorders is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, challenging questions that are yet to be addressed by emerging brain organoid research are discussed.
Impact of postoperative infective complications on long-term survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang T , Liu K , Liu C-F , Zhong Q , Zhang J , Yu J-J , Liang L , Li C , Wang M-D , Li Z-L , Wu H , Xing H , Han J , Lau W Y , Zeng Y-Y , Zhou Y-H , Gu W-M , Wang H , Chen T-H , Zhang Y-M , Zhang W-G , Pawlik T M , Wu M-C , Shen F
Published: July 2019

Background

Postoperative complications have a great impact on the postoperative course and oncological outcomes following major cancer surgery. Among them, infective complications play an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether postoperative infective complications influence long-term survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Patients who underwent resection with curative intent for HCC between July 2003 and June 2016 were identified from a multicentre database (8 institutions) and analysed retrospectively. Independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications were identified. After excluding patients who died 90 days or less after surgery, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with and without postoperative infective complications within 30 days after resection.

Results

Among 2442 patients identified, 332 (13·6 per cent) had postoperative infective complications. Age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cirrhosis, intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery exceeding 180 min and major hepatectomy were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications. Univariable analysis revealed that median OS and RFS were poorer among patients with postoperative infective complications than among patients without (54·3 versus 86·8 months, and 22·6 versus 43·2 months, respectively; both P < 0·001). After adjustment for other prognostic factors, multivariable Cox regression analyses identified postoperative infective complications as independently associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio (HR) 1·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·41; P = 0·027) and RFS (HR 1·19, 1·03 to 1·37; P = 0·021).

Conclusion

Postoperative infective complications decreased long-term OS and RFS in patients treated with liver resection for HCC.