bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jan Kott's Still Alive
Authors: Marowitz Charles
Published: August 2014

The trajectory of most books is from the eye to the brain and then out of some imperceptible pee hole at the back of the head. Only occasionally does something that you read enter the bloodstream and become a permanent part of your metabolism. Those are books that become so permanently lodged in the mental archives that they remain on instant recall for the rest of your life. Jan Kott's Still Alive (Yale University Press, 1994) is that kind of book for me.

I read it, savouringly, over four or five days, and when I'd finished found scenes and situations recurring in my dreams. An analyst would be able to provide some astute reason why that was so. He would probably prove that it connected up with personal psychic preoccupations triggered by the depicted events, but a critic would have a simpler explanation. He would point out that being vivid, subtle, graphic, and profound, the book fleshed out what was already known in general terms, but here achieved a specificity that made it ineradicably memorable.
‘Slap On! Slap Ever!’: Victorian Pantomime, Gender Variance, and Cross-Dressing
Authors: Davis Jim
Published: August 2014

In this article Jim Davis considers gender representation in Victorian pantomime alongside variance in Victorian life, examining male and female impersonation in pantomime within the context of cross-dressing (often a manifestation of gender variance) in everyday life. While accepting that male heterosexual, gay, and lesbian gazes may have informed the reception of Victorian pantomime, he argues for the existence of a transgendered gaze and a contextual awareness of gender variant behaviour, with a more nuanced view of cross-dressed performance. The principal boy role and its relationship to variant ways of seeing suggests its appeal goes beyond what Jacky Bratton calls the ‘boy’, a notion she applies to the dynamic androgyny of male impersonators in burlesque, music hall, and occasionally melodrama. For the principal ‘boy’ is clearly transmuting back into a girl, at least physically. Equally, while the dame role is usually unambiguously male, Dan Leno's late-Victorian dames seem based on observation of real women. There has been enormous scholarly interest in theatrical cross-dressing, but also a partial tendency to associate it with what Marjorie Garber calls ‘an emerging gay and lesbian identity’. This is appropriate, but should not obscure the relevance of cross-dressed performances to an emerging transgender identity, even if such an identity has partially been hidden from history. Any discussion of cross-dressing in Victorian pantomime should heed the multifaceted functions of cross dressing in its society and the multiplicity of gendered perspectives and gazes that this elicited.
Nurturing the Outstanding Actor: Lessons from Action Research in a Drama School
Authors: Rea Ken
Published: August 2014

In this article, Ken Rea examines the factors that make for success in an overcrowded acting profession. He asks what actors can do to influence their chances of having a successful career and doing outstanding work, and suggests what drama schools could do to increase the number of their students who achieve this. He examines research on peak performance in other domains, such as sport and music, then formulates a profile of the outstanding actor, based on his own empirical research and more than thirty years' teaching at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Drawing on interviews with world-class professionals, he proposes seven key qualities that most outstanding actors manifest, and he suggests how these can be nurtured in a training context. This article explores ideas now being reworked as a book on success in acting. Ken Rea is senior acting tutor at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and author of A Better Direction (1989).
Distinguishing P-N Junction and Schottky Barrier in a Working Silicon Nanowire Diode
Authors: He K. , Cho J.-H. , Jung Y. , Reed M. , Picraux T. , Cumings J.
Published: August 2014

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Examining the Incremental Validity and Relative Importance of Specific Cognitive Abilities in a Training Context
Authors: Stanhope Daniel S. , Surface Eric A.
Published: August 2014

We examine the extent to which g and specific abilities predict learning in a training context by juxtaposing contrasting theories of cognitive ability (i.e., Spearmanian theory and nested-factors theory) and using an analytical strategy (i.e., multidimensional importance analysis) that aligns with underlying theoretical assumptions of both theories. When conducting incremental validity analysis (Spearmanian approach), specific abilities did not add much to the prediction of learning. However, when conducting relative weights analysis (nested-factors approach), specific abilities were the dominant predictors of learning. Results suggest different theoretical and analytical approaches can lead to different results. Results also suggest specific abilities may provide predictive utility beyond g in the training context, but recognizing this utility depends on one’s theoretical assumptions and methodological approach.
D-Cycloserine 24 and 48 Hours after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest has No Effect on Hippocampal CA1 Neuropathology
Authors: Combs Vélvá M , Crispell Heather D , Drew Kelly L
Published: August 2014

Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) contributes to regenerative neuroplasticity following the initial excitotoxic insult during cerebral ischemia. Stimulation of NMDAR with the partial NMDAR agonist D-cycloserine (DCS) improves outcome and restores hippocampal synaptic plasticity in models of closed head injury. We thus hypothesized that DCS would improve outcome following restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest (CA). DCS (10 mg/kg, IP) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 250–330 g; 63–84 days old) 24 and 48 hours after 6 or 8 minutes of asphyxial CA. Heart rate and blood pressure declined similarly in all groups. Animals showed neurological deficits after 6 and 8 minutes CA ( P < 0.05, Tukey) and these deficits recovered more quickly after 6 minutes than after 8 minutes of CA. CA decreased the number of healthy neurons within CA1 with no difference between 6 and 8 minutes duration of CA (180.8 ± 27.6 (naïve, n = 5) versus 46.3 ± 33.8 (all CA groups, n = 27) neurons per mm CA1). DCS had no effect on neurological deficits or CA1 hippocampal cell counts ( P > 0.05, Tukey).
TRPM4 Channels Couple Purinergic Receptor Mechanoactivation and Myogenic Tone Development in Cerebral Parenchymal Arterioles
Authors: Li Yao , Baylie Rachael L , Tavares Matthew J , Brayden Joseph E
Published: August 2014

Cerebral parenchymal arterioles (PAs) have a critical role in assuring appropriate blood flow and perfusion pressure within the brain. They are unique in contrast to upstream pial arteries, as defined by their critical roles in neurovascular coupling, distinct sensitivities to chemical stimulants, and enhanced myogenic tone development. The objective of the present study was to reveal some of the unique mechanisms of myogenic tone regulation in the cerebral microcirculation. Here, we report that in vivo suppression of TRPM4 (transient receptor potential) channel expression, or inhibition of TRPM4 channels with 9-phenanthrol substantially reduced myogenic tone of isolated PAs, supporting a key role of TRPM4 channels in PA myogenic tone development. Further, downregulation of TRPM4 channels inhibited vasoconstriction induced by the specific P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptor ligands (UTP γS and UDP) by 37% and 42%, respectively. In addition, 9-phenanthrol substantially attenuated purinergic ligand-induced membrane depolarization and constriction of PAs, and inhibited ligand-evoked TRPM4 channel activation in isolated PA myocytes. In concert with our previous work showing the essential contributions of P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors to myogenic regulation of PAs, the current results point to TRPM4 channels as an important link between mechanosensitive P2Y receptor activation and myogenic constriction of cerebral PAs.
Experimental realization of an open cavity
Authors: Ge Xiaochen , He Sailing
Published: August 2014

The design and experimental demonstration of an open cavity in the microwave region is presented. The resonance condition is achieved through the cancellation of lightpaths in positive and negative refractive index materials. The positive index material is a structured aluminium surface supporting a spoof surface plasmon mode and the negative index material is a photonic crystal made of alumina. A resonance peak is observed in the measured spectrum at which the electric field distribution agrees with numerical simulation.
Electronic Raman Scattering On Individual Semiconducting Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhu Bairen , Zhang Anmin , Zeng Hualing , Zhang Qingming , Cui Xiaodong
Published: August 2014

We report experimental measurements of electronic Raman scattering by electrons (holes) in individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) under resonant conditions. The Raman scattering at low frequency range reveals a single particle excitation feature. And the dispersion of electronic structure around the center of Brillouin zone of a semiconducting SWNT (14, 13) is extracted.
Novel VCP modulators mitigate major pathologies of rd10, a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Ikeda Hanako Ohashi , Sasaoka Norio , Koike Masaaki , Nakano Noriko , Muraoka Yuki , Toda Yoshinobu , Fuchigami Tomohiro , Shudo Toshiyuki , Iwata Ayana , Hori Seiji , Yoshimura Nagahisa , Kakizuka Akira
Published: August 2014

Neuroprotection may prevent or forestall the progression of incurable eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, one of the major causes of adult blindness. Decreased cellular ATP levels may contribute to the pathology of this eye disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we describe small compounds (Kyoto University Substances, KUSs) that were developed to inhibit the ATPase activity of VCP (valosin-containing protein), the most abundant soluble ATPase in the cell. Surprisingly, KUSs did not significantly impair reported cellular functions of VCP but nonetheless suppressed the VCP-dependent decrease of cellular ATP levels. Moreover, KUSs, as well as exogenous ATP or ATP-producing compounds, e.g. methylpyruvate, suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress and demonstrably protected various types of cultured cells from death, including several types of retinal neuronal cells. We then examined theirin vivoefficacies in rd10, a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. KUSs prevented photoreceptor cell death and preserved visual function. These results reveal an unexpected, crucial role of ATP consumption by VCP in determining cell fate in this pathological context and point to a promising new neuroprotective strategy for currently incurable retinitis pigmentosa.
Cu2O template synthesis of high-performance PtCu alloy yolk–shell cube catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Ye Sheng-Hua , He Xu-Jun , Ding Liang-Xin , Pan Zheng-Wei , Tong Ye-Xiang , Wu Mingmei , Li Gao-Ren
Published: August 2014

Novel PtCu alloy yolk–shell cubes were fabricated via the disproportionation and displacement reactions in Cu2O yolk–shell cubes, and they exhibit significantly improved catalytic activity and durability for methanol electrooxidation.
A half-sandwich organometallic single-ion magnet with hexamethylbenzene coordinated to the Dy(iii) ion
Authors: Liu Shan-Shan , Ziller Joseph W. , Zhang Yi-Quan , Wang Bing-Wu , Evans William J. , Gao Song
Published: August 2014

The first example of a lanthanide(iii)/π-bonded arene SIM [(C6Me6)Dy(AlCl4)3] is reported and the π-bonded arene is dominant in determining the easy axis orientation shown by ab initio calculations.
Non-covalent double functionalization of carbon nanotubes with a NADH oxidation Ru(ii)-based molecular catalyst and a NAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
Authors: Reuillard B. , Le Goff A. , Cosnier S.
Published: August 2014

Functionalization of carbon nanotube electrodes by glucose dehydrogenase and a ruthenium complex as a NADH electrocatalyst via π-stacking interactions.
Single functionalized graphene oxide reconstitutes kinesin mediated intracellular cargo transport and delivers multiple cytoskeleton proteins and therapeutic molecules into the cell
Authors: Jana Batakrishna , Biswas Atanu , Mohapatra Saswat , Saha Abhijit , Ghosh Surajit
Published: August 2014

Kinesin-1 mediated intracellular cargo transport is reconstituted using EGFP–Tris-NTA-GO (EGFP–TGO) as cargo. This functionalized nanoparticle can deliver multiple cytoskeleton proteins and antimitotic peptides into the cancer cell.
A colorimetric immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus detection based on gold nanoparticles–graphene oxide hybrids with mercury-enhanced peroxidase-like activity
Authors: Zhan Lei , Li Chun Mei , Wu Wen Bi , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: August 2014

A novel colorimetric immunoassay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was developed based on mercury-stimulated peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles–graphene composites (AuNPs–GO).
Rhodium(ii)-catalysed tandem aziridination and ring-opening: stereoselective synthesis of functionalised tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Unsworth William P. , Clark Nicola , Ronson Thomas O. , Stevens Kiri , Thompson Amber L. , Lamont Scott G. , Robertson Jeremy
Published: August 2014

Rh(ii) mediated tandem aziridination and cycloetherification achieves a direct, stereoselective synthesis of the 2-(1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran motif.
Synthesis and lithium storage performance of nickel oxide octahedra
Authors: Yang Zheng Kun , Song Le Xin , Xu Rong Rong , Teng Yue , Xia Juan , Zhao Li , Wang Qing Shan
Published: August 2014

Octahedral NiO crystals obtained by a facile synthesis route show high performance for lithium storage.
Controlled amino-functionalization by electrochemical reduction of bromo and nitro azobenzene layers bound to Si(111) surfaces
Authors: Ullien Daniela , Thüne Peter C. , Jager Wolter F. , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , de Smet Louis C. P. M.
Published: August 2014

Azo bonds and nitro groups present in electrografted layers of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium on H-terminated Si(111) can be electroreduced independently at different potentials (−1.5 V and −2.1 V vs. SCE, respectively).
Creating electrochemical gradients by light: from bio-inspired concepts to photoelectric conversion
Authors: Xie Xiaojiang , Bakker Eric
Published: August 2014

Artificial light harvesting systems can be used to convert light into electrochemical gradients and photocurrents.
Carbonates as reactants for the production of fine chemicals: the synthesis of 2-phenoxyethanol
Authors: Ziosi P. , Tabanelli T. , Fornasari G. , Cocchi S. , Cavani F. , Righi P.
Published: August 2014

A new process for the synthesis of 2-phenoxyethanol, which avoids the use of solvents, is based on a heterogeneous catalyst made up of Na-mordenite.
Ammonium- and phosphonium-based temperature control-type polyoxometalate ionic liquids
Authors: Li Yunyan , Wu Xuefei , Wu Qingyin , Ding Hong , Yan Wenfu
Published: August 2014

Ammonium- and phosphonium-based polyoxometalate ionic liquids have been synthesized and characterized. They are temperature control-type polyoxometalate ionic liquids and can exhibit a phase transformation below 100 °C.
Silver ion enhanced C–H activation in Pt(ii) hydroxo complexes
Authors: Lohr Tracy L. , Piers Warren E. , Sgro Michael J. , Parvez Masood
Published: August 2014

Addition of stoichiometric Ag(i) salt to monomeric Pt(ii) hydroxo complexes supported by a bulky diimine ligand results in significantly enhanced rates of C–H activation relative to the silver free systems.
Enhanced association for C70 over C60 with a metal complex with corannulene derivate ligands
Authors: Álvarez Celedonio M. , García-Escudero Luis A. , García-Rodríguez Raúl , Martín-Álvarez Jose M. , Miguel Daniel , Rayón Víctor M.
Published: August 2014

The geometry imposed by the coordination sphere around the metal, together with the choice of the “arms” can be advantageously used to build corannulene-based molecular tweezers, which show great affinities for C60 and C70, as revealed by NMR titration experiments.
Molecular signature of organic nitrogen in septic-impacted groundwater
Authors: Arnold William A. , Longnecker Krista , Kroeger Kevin D. , Kujawinski Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2014

Dissolved organic nitrogen in septic-impacted groundwater is characterized using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry.
Hydrothermally stable heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of biorenewables
Authors: Xiong Haifeng , Pham Hien N. , Datye Abhaya K.
Published: August 2014

This review addresses changes in the physical structure of heterogeneous catalysts used for biomass conversion carried out in the aqueous phase with increasing severity.
Tunable thermomorphism and applications of ionic liquid analogues of Girard's reagents
Authors: Blesic Marijana , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , Jacquemin Johan , Nockemann Peter , Olejarz Sonia , Seddon Kenneth R. , Strauss Christopher R.
Published: August 2014

Ionic liquid analogues of Girard's reagent exhibit thermomorphism with water that leads to efficient extraction of dyes and metals from water.
Heteroannulated acceptors based on benzothiadiazole
Authors: Parker Timothy C. , Patel Dinesh G. (Dan) , Moudgil Karttikay , Barlow Stephen , Risko Chad , Brédas Jean-Luc , Reynolds John R. , Marder Seth R.
Published: August 2014

Heteroannulated benzothiadizole acceptors in donor–acceptor polymers.
Self-powered ion detectors based on dye-sensitized photovoltaics
Authors: Agrawal Kanika L. , Shtein Max
Published: August 2014

A dye-sensitized solar cell is used for both power generation and sensitive detection of ionic analytes, unlocking a new pathway for ultra-miniaturization and integration.
Explosive Werner-type cobalt(iii) complexes
Authors: Deblitz Raik , Hrib Cristian G. , Blaurock Steffen , Jones Peter G. , Plenikowski Georg , Edelmann Frank T.
Published: August 2014

A series of potentially explosive Werner-type cobalt(iii) complexes comprising the anions azotetrazolate, nitrotetrazolate, picrate and dipicrylamide have been prepared via simple metathetical routes. Representative studies of the energetic properties (impact and friction sensitivity, combustion) revealed that some of the new compounds are primary explosives.
Bio-electrocatalyzed electron efflux in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: an insight into disparity in electron transfer kinetics
Authors: Modestra J. Annie , Mohan S. Venkata
Published: August 2014

Electron transfer (ET) behavior of bacteria varies significantly in a bio-electrocatalyzed environment based on the cell membrane.
Solution-processed reduced graphene oxide in light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices with the same pair of active materials
Authors: Saha Sudip K. , Bhaumik Saikat , Maji Tanmoy , Mandal Tarun K. , Pal Amlan J.
Published: August 2014

In studying the role of GO in LEDs and PVs, a single pair of active materials has been used in both the devices.
Lignin-based polyurethane film reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Xue Bai-Liang , Wen Jia-Long , Zhu Ming-Qiang , Sun Run-Cang
Published: August 2014

Novel nanocomposite films were synthesized using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a reactive reinforcing filler and lignin-based polyurethane (L-PU) as the matrix through a casting and evaporating method.
Synthesis and characterization of an AgI/Ag hybrid nanocomposite with surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Huang Qingli , Wen Shengping , Zhu Xiashi
Published: August 2014

Novel AgI/Ag hybrid nanocomposites with good SERS performance and excellent photocatalytic activity were prepared.
2,2′-(Hydrazine-1,2-diylidenedimethylylidene)bis(6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol) based selective dual-channel chemosensor for Cu2+ in semi-aqueous media
Authors: Fegade Umesh , Saini Anu , Sahoo Suban K. , Singh Narinder , Bendre Ratnamala , Kuwar Anil
Published: August 2014

A novel receptor based on a substituted salicylaldehyde derivative, 2,2′-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenedimethylylidene)bis(6-isopropyl-3-methylphenol) (1), was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques.
Benzoxazine as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Chih-Feng , Kuo Shiao-Wei , Lin Ching-Hsuan , Chen Hou-Guang , Liao Chih-Siang , Hung Pei-Rung
Published: August 2014

Benzoxazines can be used as a reactive noncovalent dispersant for carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The benzoxazine coatings improved the compatibility of the CNTs with various organic solvents and retained their reactivity.
Electronic and optical properties of chair-like and boat-like graphane
Authors: Reshak A. H. , Auluck S.
Published: August 2014

Two favorable conformations of graphane, the chair-like graphane and boat-like graphane were investigated.
Doping-induced evolutions of PbWO4 mesocrystals and their optical properties
Authors: Xiong Ying , Wang Bing , Zhuang Hao , Jiang Xin , Ma Guohua , Yi Yong , Hu Wenyuan , Zhou Yuanlin
Published: August 2014

Y-doped PbWO4 mesocrystals with controllable morphologies, from convex quadrangle to concave erythrocyte, are obtained by simply increasing the Y3+ doping concentrations.
Gene delivery to Nile tilapia spermatogonial stem cells using carboxi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tonelli F. M. P. , Lacerda S. M. S. N. , Silva M. A. , Ávila E. S. , Ladeira L. O. , França L. R. , Resende R. R.
Published: August 2014

Carboxi-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs), when complexed with DNA, can promote gene delivery to Nile tilapia spermatogonial stem cells with higher transfection efficiency than cationic lipids or electroporation, causing also less cell death.
Gel electrophoresis and Raman mapping for determining the length distribution of SWCNTs
Authors: Obitayo Waris , Luo Sida , Xiao Zhiwei , Liu Tao , Guan Jingjiao
Published: August 2014

A simple method (GEP-SRSPL) combines gel electrophoresis and simultaneous Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy for length distribution measurements of SWCNTs.
Optical properties of xanthene based fluorescent dyes studied by stretched-film linear dichroism
Authors: Razmkhah Kasra , Little Haydn , Sandhu Sandeep , Dafforn Timothy R. , Rodger Alison
Published: August 2014

Xanthene dyes are commonly used to label proteins in order to probe their location and activity using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy.
Molecular beacon-based NAND logic gate for sensing triplex DNA binders
Authors: Lin Kai-Cheng , Kuo Chia-Yin , Nieh Chih-Chun , Tseng Wei-Lung
Published: August 2014

Molecular beacon-based NAND logic gate was simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive for probing triplex DNA binders.
A fast charging/discharging all-solid-state lithium ion battery based on PEO-MIL-53(Al)-LiTFSI thin film electrolyte
Authors: Zhu Kai , Liu Yexiang , Liu Jin
Published: August 2014

Metal–organic framework aluminum 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-53(Al)) is used as a filler for a polyethylene oxide (PEO) based thin film electrolyte.
Structure–color mechanism of iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films
Authors: Liu Dagang , Wang Shuo , Ma Zhongshi , Tian Donglin , Gu Mingyue , Lin Fengying
Published: August 2014

Chirality, hydrogen bond interaction and surface charge repulsion among sulfate CNCs have vital impact on the formation of a cholesteric mesogen in a suspension or solidified film. Therefore, changing surface charge density through mechanical disintegration is an effect way to tune the chiroptical properties of iridescent CNC films.
Lipase catalyzed synthesis of 3,3′-(arylmethylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione)
Authors: Wang Haoran , Wang Zhi , Wang Chunyu , Yang Fengjuan , Zhang Hong , Yue Hong , Wang Lei
Published: August 2014

Synthesis of 3,3′-(arylmethylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) (3) catalyzed by lipase.
Diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized cis-1-oxadecalines via 6-endo-tet-cyclizations of 2-C-branched sugars
Authors: Lambu Mallikharjuna Rao , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: August 2014

Diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalizedcis-1-oxadecalinesvia6-endo-tet-cyclizations of 2-C-branched sugars.
Sulphur bridged [22]annulene[2.1.2.1] based organic field-effect transistors: interplay of the steric bulk and charge transport
Authors: Virk Tarunpreet Singh , Singh Kamaljit , Qin Yunke , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: August 2014

New, neutral, slightly puckered aromatic meso-substituted tetrathia[22]porphyrin(2.1.2.1) macrocyclic architectures display efficacious p-type semiconductor behaviour with improved on/off ratios.
Efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl-, and 5-carboxyl-2′-deoxycytidine and their triphosphates
Authors: Sun Qi , Sun Jian , Gong Shan-Shan , Wang Cheng-Jun , Pu Shou-Zhi , Feng Fu-De
Published: August 2014

Efficient strategies for the preparation of high-quality 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl-, and 5-carboxyl-2′-deoxycytidine triphosphates and their parent nucleosides have been developed.
Probe diffusion in phase-separated bicontinuous biopolymer gels
Authors: Wassén Sophia , Bordes Romain , Gebäck Tobias , Bernin Diana , Schuster Erich , Lorén Niklas , Hermansson Anne-Marie
Published: August 2014

The diffusion in a phase-separated biopolymer gel system is experimentally investigated by FRAP and PFG-NMR, and compared with lattice-Boltzmann simulations.
Fe3O4/carbon quantum dots hybrid nanoflowers for highly active and recyclable visible-light driven photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Hui , Wei Zengyan , Matsui Hiroshi , Zhou Shuiqin
Published: August 2014

Water dispersible Fe3O4@carbon quantum dots (CQDs) hybrid nanoflowers show highly efficient photocatalytic activities because of their strong absorption in the visible light range and upconversion photoluminescence.
Fabrication of a chitosan/bioglass three-dimensional porous scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Yang Jun , Long Teng , He Nan-Fei , Guo Ya-Ping , Zhu Zhen-An , Ke Qin-Fei
Published: August 2014

A chitosan/bioglass three-dimensional porous scaffold with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties has been developed for the treatment of bone defects.
The effect of surface ligand, solvent and Yb3+ co-doping on the luminescence properties of Er3+ in colloidal NaGdF4 nanocrystals
Authors: Cichos J. , Marciniak L. , Hreniak D. , Strek W. , Karbowiak M.
Published: August 2014

The emission properties of NaGdF4 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Er3+ and/or Yb3+ ions and their colloidal dispersions in different solvents were investigated.
Mode division multiplexing over 19‐cell hollow‐core photonic bandgap fibre by employing integrated mode multiplexer
Authors: Chen Haoshuo , van Uden R.G.H. , Okonkwo C.M. , Jung Yongmin , Wheeler N.V. , Fokoua E.N. , Baddela N. , Petrovich M.N. , Poletti F. , Richardson D.J. , Raz O. , de Waardt H. , Koonen A.M.J.
Published: August 2014

A photonic integrated mode coupler based on silicon‐on‐insulator is employed for mode division multiplexing (MDM) over a 193 m 19‐cell hollow‐core photonic bandgap fibre (HC‐PBGF) with a −3 dB bandwidth >120 nm. Robust MDM transmissions using LP01 and LP11 modes, and two degenerate LP11 modes (LP11a and LP11b) are both experimentally verified.
Design and characterization of a novel multimodal fiber-optic probe and spectroscopy system for skin cancer applications
Authors: Sharma Manu , Marple Eric , Reichenberg Jason , Tunnell James W.
Published: August 2014

The design and characterization of an instrument combining Raman, fluorescence, and reflectance spectroscopic modalities is presented. Instrument development has targeted skin cancer applications as a novel fiber-optic probe has been specially designed to interrogate cutaneous lesions. The instrument is modular and both its software and hardware components are described in depth. Characterization of the fiber-optic probe is also presented, which details the probe's ability to measure diagnostically important parameters such as intrinsic fluorescence and absorption and reduced scattering coefficients along with critical performance metrics such as high Raman signal-to-noise ratios at clinically practical exposure times. Validation results using liquid phantoms show that the probe and system can extract absorption and scattering coefficients with less than 10% error. As the goal is to use the instrument for the clinical early detection of skin cancer, preliminary clinical data are also presented, which indicates our system's ability to measure physiological quantities such as relative collagen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration, oxygen saturation, blood volume fraction, and mean vessel diameter.
Unconventional hydrogen bonding to organic ions in the gas phase: Stepwise association of hydrogen cyanide with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations and protonated pyridine
Authors: Hamid Ahmed M. , El-Shall M. Samy , Hilal Rifaat , Elroby Shaaban , Aziz Saadullah G.
Published: August 2014

Equilibrium thermochemical measurements using the ion mobility drift cell technique have been utilized to investigate the binding energies and entropy changes for the stepwise association of HCN molecules with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations forming the C5H5N+·(HCN)n and C4H4N2+·(HCN)n clusters, respectively, with n = 1–4. For comparison, the binding of 1–4 HCN molecules to the protonated pyridine C5H5NH+(HCN)n has also been investigated. The binding energies of HCN to the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations are nearly equal (11.4 and 12.0 kcal/mol, respectively) but weaker than the HCN binding to the protonated pyridine (14.0 kcal/mol). The pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations form unconventional carbon-based ionic hydrogen bonds with HCN (CHδ+⋯NCH). Protonated pyridine forms a stronger ionic hydrogen bond with HCN (NH+⋯NCH) which can be extended to a linear chain with the clustering of additional HCN molecules (NH+⋯NCH··NCH⋯NCH) leading to a rapid decrease in the bond strength as the length of the chain increases. The lowest energy structures of the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cation clusters containing 3-4 HCN molecules show a strong tendency for the internal solvation of the radical cation by the HCN molecules where bifurcated structures involving multiple hydrogen bonding sites with the ring hydrogen atoms are formed. The unconventional H-bonds (CHδ+⋯NCH) formed between the pyridine or the pyrimidine radical cations and HCN molecules (11–12 kcal/mol) are stronger than the similar (CHδ+⋯NCH) bonds formed between the benzene radical cation and HCN molecules (9 kcal/mol) indicating that the CHδ+ centers in the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations have more effective charges than in the benzene radical cation.
Three-dimensional localization of spins in diamond using 12C implantation
Authors: Ohno Kenichi , Joseph Heremans F. , de las Casas Charles F. , Myers Bryan A. , Alemán Benjamín J. , Bleszynski Jayich Ania C. , Awschalom David D.
Published: August 2014

We demonstrate three-dimensional localization of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond by combining nitrogen doping during growth with a post-growth 12C implantation technique that facilitates vacancy formation in the crystal. We show that the NV density can be controlled by the implantation dose without necessitating increase of the nitrogen incorporation. By implanting a large 12C dose through nanoscale apertures, we can localize an individual NV center within a volume of (∼180 nm)3 at a deterministic position while repeatedly preserving a coherence time (T2) > 300 μs. This deterministic position control of coherent NV centers enables integration into NV-based nanostructures to realize scalable spin-sensing devices as well as coherent spin coupling mediated by photons and phonons.
A driven similarity renormalization group approach to quantum many-body problems
Authors: Evangelista Francesco A.
Published: August 2014

Applications of the similarity renormalization group (SRG) approach [F. Wegner, Ann. Phys. 506, 77 (1994) and S. D. Głazek and K. G. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D 49, 4214 (1994)] to the formulation of useful many-body theories of electron correlation are considered. In addition to presenting a production-level implementation of the SRG based on a single-reference formalism, a novel integral version of the SRG is reported, in which the flow of the Hamiltonian is driven by a source operator. It is shown that this driven SRG (DSRG) produces a Hamiltonian flow that is analogous to that of the SRG. Compared to the SRG, which requires propagating a set of ordinary differential equations, the DSRG is computationally advantageous since it consists of a set of polynomial equations. The equilibrium distances, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and vibrational anharmonicities of a series of diatomic molecules computed with the SRG and DSRG approximated with one- and two-body normal ordered operators are in good agreement with benchmark values from coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples. Particularly surprising results are found when the SRG and DSRG methods are applied to C2 and F2. In the former case, both methods fail to converge, while in the latter case an unbound potential energy curve is obtained. A modified commutator approximation is shown to correct these problems in the case of the DSRG method.
Direct observation of metal nanoparticles as heterogeneous nuclei for the condensation of supersaturated organic vapors: Nucleation of size-selected aluminum nanoparticles in acetonitrile and n-hexane vapors
Authors: Abdelsayed Victor , Samy El-Shall M.
Published: August 2014

This work reports the direct observation and separation of size-selected aluminum nanoparticles acting as heterogeneous nuclei for the condensation of supersaturated vapors of both polar and nonpolar molecules. In the experiment, we study the condensation of supersaturated acetonitrile and n-hexane vapors on charged and neutral Al nanoparticles by activation of the metal nanoparticles to act as heterogeneous nuclei for the condensation of the organic vapor. Aluminum seed nanoparticles with diameters of 1 and 2 nm are capable of acting as heterogeneous nuclei for the condensation of supersaturated acetonitrile and hexane vapors. The comparison between the Kelvin and Fletcher diameters indicates that for the heterogeneous nucleation of both acetonitrile and hexane vapors, particles are activated at significantly smaller sizes than predicted by the Kelvin equation. The activation of the Al nanoparticles occurs at nearly 40% and 65% of the onset of homogeneous nucleation of acetonitrile and hexane supersaturated vapors, respectively. The lower activation of the charged Al nanoparticles in acetonitrile vapor is due to the charge-dipole interaction which results in rapid condensation of the highly polar acetonitrile molecules on the charged Al nanoparticles. The charge-dipole interaction decreases with increasing the size of the Al nanoparticles and therefore at low supersaturations, most of the heterogeneous nucleation events are occurring on neutral nanoparticles. No sign effect has been observed for the condensation of the organic vapors on the positively and negatively charged Al nanoparticles. The present approach of generating metal nanoparticles by pulsed laser vaporization within a supersaturated organic vapor allows for efficient separation between nucleation and growth of the metal nanoparticles and, consequently controls the average particle size, particle density, and particle size distribution within the liquid droplets of the condensing vapor. Strong correlation is found between the seed nanoparticle's size and the degree of the supersaturation of the condensing vapor. This result and the agreement among the calculated Kelvin diameters and the size of the nucleating Al nanoparticles determined by transmission electron microscopy provide strong proof for the development of a new approach for the separation and characterization of heterogeneous nuclei formed in organic vapors. These processes can take place in the atmosphere by a combination of several organic species including polar compounds which could be very efficient in activating charged nanoparticles and cluster ions of atmospheric relevance.
Direct printing and reduction of graphite oxide for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Jung Hanyung , Ve Cheah Chang , Jeong Namjo , Lee Junghoon
Published: August 2014

We report direct printing and photo-thermal reduction of graphite oxide (GO) to obtain a highly porous pattern of interdigitated electrodes, leading to a supercapacitor on a flexible substrate. Key parameters optimized include the amount of GO delivered, the suitable photo-thermal energy level for effective flash reduction, and the substrate properties for appropriate adhesion after reduction. Tests with supercapacitors based on the printed-reduced GO showed performance comparable with commercial supercapacitors: the energy densities were 1.06 and 0.87 mWh/cm3 in ionic and organic electrolytes, respectively. The versatility in the architecture and choice of substrate makes this material promising for smart power applications.
Electron kinetic effects on interferometry, polarimetry and Thomson scattering measurements in burning plasmas (invited)
Authors: Mirnov V. V. , Brower D. L. , Hartog D. J. Den , Ding W. X. , Duff J. , Parke E.
Published: August 2014

At anticipated high electron temperatures in ITER, the effects of electron thermal motion on Thomson scattering (TS), toroidal interferometer/polarimeter (TIP), and poloidal polarimeter (PoPola) diagnostics will be significant and must be accurately treated. The precision of the previous lowest order linear in τ = Te/mec2 model may be insufficient; we present a more precise model with τ2-order corrections to satisfy the high accuracy required for ITER TIP and PoPola diagnostics. The linear model is extended from Maxwellian to a more general class of anisotropic electron distributions that allows us to take into account distortions caused by equilibrium current, ECRH, and RF current drive effects. The classical problem of the degree of polarization of incoherent Thomson scattered radiation is solved analytically exactly without any approximations for the full range of incident polarizations, scattering angles, and electron thermal motion from non-relativistic to ultra-relativistic. The results are discussed in the context of the possible use of the polarization properties of Thomson scattered light as a method of Te measurement relevant to ITER operational scenarios.
Multiple re-encounter approach to radical pair reactions and the role of nonlinear master equations
Authors: Clausen Jens , Guerreschi Gian Giacomo , Tiersch Markus , Briegel Hans J.
Published: August 2014

We formulate a multiple-encounter model of the radical pair mechanism that is based on a random coupling of the radical pair to a minimal model environment. These occasional pulse-like couplings correspond to the radical encounters and give rise to both dephasing and recombination. While this is in agreement with the original model of Haberkorn and its extensions that assume additional dephasing, we show how a nonlinear master equation may be constructed to describe the conditional evolution of the radical pairs prior to the detection of their recombination. We propose a nonlinear master equation for the evolution of an ensemble of independently evolving radical pairs whose nonlinearity depends on the record of the fluorescence signal. We also reformulate Haberkorn's original argument on the physicality of reaction operators using the terminology of quantum optics/open quantum systems. Our model allows one to describe multiple encounters within the exponential model and connects this with the master equation approach. We include hitherto neglected effects of the encounters, such as a separate dephasing in the triplet subspace, and predict potential new effects, such as Grover reflections of radical spins, that may be observed if the strength and time of the encounters can be experimentally controlled.
On computing stress in polymer systems involving multi-body potentials from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Fu Yao , Song Jeong-Hoon
Published: August 2014

Hardy stress definition has been restricted to pair potentials and embedded-atom method potentials due to the basic assumptions in the derivation of a symmetric microscopic stress tensor. Force decomposition required in the Hardy stress expression becomes obscure for multi-body potentials. In this work, we demonstrate the invariance of the Hardy stress expression for a polymer system modeled with multi-body interatomic potentials including up to four atoms interaction, by applying central force decomposition of the atomic force. The balance of momentum has been demonstrated to be valid theoretically and tested under various numerical simulation conditions. The validity of momentum conservation justifies the extension of Hardy stress expression to multi-body potential systems. Computed Hardy stress has been observed to converge to the virial stress of the system with increasing spatial averaging volume. This work provides a feasible and reliable linkage between the atomistic and continuum scales for multi-body potential systems.
Atomic scale investigations on CdxZn1−xSe quantum dots: Correlation between the composition and emission properties
Authors: Benallali H. , Cremel T. , Hoummada K. , Mangelinck D. , André R. , Tatarenko S. , Kheng K.
Published: August 2014

Atom probe tomography and photoluminescence spectroscopy have been used to study CdxZn1−xSe quantum dots embedded in a ZnSe layer grown on a (001) GaAs substrate. Atom probe tomography analyses show significant cadmium incorporation in the center of the dots surrounded by poor cadmium region. These measurements illustrate that the maximum cadmium concentration in the quantum dots is significantly higher than the concentration estimated by transmission electron microscopy. The composition and size of quantum dots obtained by atom probe tomography have been used to calculate the transition energies including excitonic and strain effects.
Highly stable polarization independent Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Mičuda Michal , Doláková Ester , Straka Ivo , Miková Martina , Dušek Miloslav , Fiurášek Jaromír , Ježek Miroslav
Published: August 2014

We experimentally demonstrate optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer utilizing displaced Sagnac configuration to enhance its phase stability. The interferometer with footprint of 27×40 cm offers individually accessible paths and shows phase deviation less than 0.4° during a 250 s long measurement. The phase drift, evaluated by means of Allan deviation, stays below 3° or 7 nm for 1.5 h without any active stabilization. The polarization insensitive design is verified by measuring interference visibility as a function of input polarization. For both interferometer's output ports and all tested polarization states the visibility stays above 93%. The discrepancy in visibility for horizontal and vertical polarization about 3.5% is caused mainly by undesired polarization dependence of splitting ratio of the beam splitter used. The presented interferometer device is suitable for quantum-information and other sensitive applications where active stabilization is complicated and common-mode interferometer is not an option as both the interferometer arms have to be accessible individually.
Adaptive array technique for differential-phase reflectometry in QUEST
Authors: Idei H. , Nagata K. , Mishra K. , Yamamoto M. K. , Itado T. , Akimoto R. , Hanada K. , Zushi H.
Published: August 2014

A Phased Array Antenna (PAA) was considered as launching and receiving antennae in reflectometry to attain good directivity in its applied microwave range. A well-focused beam was obtained in a launching antenna application, and differential-phase evolution was properly measured by using a metal reflector plate in the proof-of-principle experiment at low power test facilities. Differential-phase evolution was also evaluated by using the PAA in the Q-shu University Experiment with Steady State Spherical Tokamak (QUEST). A beam-forming technique was applied in receiving phased-array antenna measurements. In the QUEST device that should be considered as a large oversized cavity, standing wave effect was significantly observed with perturbed phase evolution. A new approach using derivative of measured field on propagating wavenumber was proposed to eliminate the standing wave effect.
Electrical transport properties and interaction of heteropolyacid in N,N-dimethylformamide by dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhao Kongshuang , Wu Lixin
Published: August 2014

We present a dielectric spectroscopy study on binary electrolyte solutions composed of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and heteropolyacid (HPA). The HPA is composed of H+ and Keggin polyoxometalate anion, [XW12O40]n−(X = P, Si, with n = 3, 4). Conductivity was used to calculate the transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient and hydrodynamic radius of polyoxometalate (POM) anions. The hydrodynamic radius of P12W403− and Si12W404− are 5.552 Å and 5.526 Å, respectively, indicating that these POM anions remain unsolvated in DMF. The temperature dependences of conductivity obeyed the Arrhenius equation, suggesting that the activation energy of proton conduction process is independent with temperature. The calculated activation energy shows that the conduction process follows Grotthuss mechanism, i.e., proton is transported by hydrogen bond between DMF molecules. One dielectric relaxation observed around 10 MHz is considered to be associated with the POM-DMFH+ ion-pairs formed by POM and protonated DMF. The interaction between anion and cation in POM-DMFH+ ion-pairs are explained theoretically based on the Bruggeman's mixture theories and dipole rotation model. From this, the distance between POM and DMFH+ are estimated as about 1.1 nm.
Apparatus for the measurement of the speed of sound of ammonia up to high temperatures and pressures
Authors: Dubberke Frithjof H. , Rasche David B. , Baumhögger Elmar , Vrabec Jadran
Published: August 2014

An apparatus for the measurement of the speed of sound based on the pulse-echo technique is presented. It operates up to a temperature of 480 K and a pressure of 125 MPa. After referencing and validating the apparatus with water, it is applied to liquid ammonia between 230 and 410 K up to a pressure of 124 MPa. Speed of sound data are presented with an uncertainty between 0.02% and 0.1%.
Electrothermally driven high-frequency piezoresistive SiC cantilevers for dynamic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Boubekri R. , Cambril E. , Couraud L. , Bernardi L. , Madouri A. , Portail M. , Chassagne T. , Moisson C. , Zielinski M. , Jiao S. , Michaud J.-F. , Alquier D. , Bouloc J. , Nony L. , Bocquet F. , Loppacher C. , Martrou D. , Gauthier S.
Published: August 2014

Cantilevers with resonance frequency ranging from 1 MHz to 100 MHz have been developed for dynamic atomic force microscopy. These sensors are fabricated from 3C-SiC epilayers grown on Si(100) substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. They use an on-chip method both for driving and sensing the displacement of the cantilever. A first gold metallic loop deposited on top of the cantilever is used to drive its oscillation by electrothermal actuation. The sensing of this oscillation is performed by monitoring the resistance of a second Au loop. This metallic piezoresistive detection method has distinct advantages relative to more common semiconductor-based schemes. The optimization, design, fabrication, and characteristics of these cantilevers are discussed.