bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing multiplexed imaging experimental design through tissue spatial segregation estimation
Authors: Bost Pierre , Schulz Daniel , Engler Stefanie , Wasserfall Clive , Bodenmiller Bernd
Published: December 2022

Recent advances in multiplexed imaging methods allow simultaneous detection of dozens of proteins and hundreds of RNAs, enabling deep spatial characterization of both healthy and diseased tissues. Parameters for the design of optimal multiplex imaging studies, especially those estimating how much area has to be imaged to capture all cell phenotype clusters, are lacking. Here, using a spatial transcriptomic atlas of healthy and tumor human tissues, we developed a statistical framework that determines the number and area of fields of view necessary to accurately identify all cell phenotypes that are part of a tissue. Using this strategy on imaging mass cytometry data, we identified a measurement of tissue spatial segregation that enables optimal experimental design. This strategy will enable an improved design of multiplexed imaging studies.
Multifaceted atlases of the human brain in its infancy
Authors: Ahmad Sahar , Wu Ye , Wu Zhengwang , Thung Kim-Han , Liu Siyuan , Lin Weili , Li Gang , Wang Li , Yap Pew-Thian
Published: December 2022

Brain atlases are spatial references for integrating, processing, and analyzing brain features gathered from different individuals, sources, and scales. Here we introduce a collection of joint surface–volume atlases that chart postnatal development of the human brain in a spatiotemporally dense manner from two weeks to two years of age. Our month-specific atlases chart normative patterns and capture key traits of early brain development and are therefore conducive to identifying aberrations from normal developmental trajectories. These atlases will enhance our understanding of early structural and functional development by facilitating the mapping of diverse features of the infant brain to a common reference frame for precise multifaceted quantification of cortical and subcortical changes.
Evolutionary scaling of maximum growth rate with organism size
Authors: Lynch Michael , Trickovic Bogi , Kempes Christopher P.
Published: December 2022

Data from nearly 1000 species reveal the upper bound to rates of biomass production achievable by natural selection across the Tree of Life. For heterotrophs, maximum growth rates scale positively with organism size in bacteria but negatively in eukaryotes, whereas for phototrophs, the scaling is negligible for cyanobacteria and weakly negative for eukaryotes. These results have significant implications for understanding the bioenergetic consequences of the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and of the expansion of some groups of the latter into multicellularity. The magnitudes of the scaling coefficients for eukaryotes are significantly lower than expected under any proposed physical-constraint model. Supported by genomic, bioenergetic, and population-genetic data and theory, an alternative hypothesis for the observed negative scaling in eukaryotes postulates that growth-diminishing mutations with small effects passively accumulate with increasing organism size as a consequence of associated increases in the power of random genetic drift. In contrast, conditional on the structural and functional features of ribosomes, natural selection has been able to promote bacteria with the fastest possible growth rates, implying minimal conflicts with both bioenergetic constraints and random genetic drift. If this extension of the drift-barrier hypothesis is correct, the interpretations of comparative studies of biological traits that have traditionally ignored differences in population-genetic environments will require revisiting.
Lutein isolated from Scenedesmus obliquus microalga boosts immunity against cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury in rats
Authors: El-Baz Farouk K. , Salama Abeer , Ali Sami I. , Elgohary Rania
Published: December 2022

Lutein is a naturally potent antioxidant carotenoid synthesized in green microalgae with a potent ability to prevent different human chronic conditions. To date, there are no reports of the immune-stimulating effect of pure lutein isolated fromScenedesmus obliquus.Thus, we isolated the natural lutein fromS. obliquusand evaluated its effectiveness as an immunostimulant against cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury. We purified all-E-(3R, 3′R, 6′R)-Lutein fromS. obliquususing prep-HPLC and characterized it by1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopy. We assigned rats randomly to four experimental groups: the Control group got a vehicle for lutein dimethyl sulfoxide for ten successive days. The Cyclophosphamide group received a single i.p injection of Cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Lutein groups received 50 and 100 (mg/kg) of lutein one time per day for ten successive days after the cyclophosphamide dose. Lutein administration reduced brain contents of Macrophage inflammatory protein2 (MIP2), cytokine-induced- neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Besides, it lowered the contents of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18), associated with low content of NLR pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3) and consequently caspase-1 compared to the cyclophosphamide group. In the histomorphometric analysis, lutein groups (50 and 100 mg/Kg) showed mild histopathological alterations as they significantly reduced nuclear pyknosis numbers by 65% and 69% respectively, compared to the cyclophosphamide group. This is the first study that showed the immunomodulatory roles of lutein against cyclophosphamide-induced brain injury via decreasing neuroinflammation, chemokines recruitment, and neuron degeneration with the modulation of immune markers. Hence, lutein can be an effective immunomodulator against inflammation-related immune disorders.
Pre-exposure cognitive performance variability is associated with severity of respiratory infection
Authors: Zhai Yaya , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Woods Christopher W. , Turner Ronald B. , Burke Thomas W. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Hero Alfred O.
Published: December 2022

Using data from a longitudinal viral challenge study, we find that the post-exposure viral shedding and symptom severity are associated with a novel measure of pre-exposure cognitive performance variability (CPV), defined before viral exposure occurs. Each individual’s CPV score is computed from data collected from a repeated NeuroCognitive Performance Test (NCPT) over a 3 day pre-exposure period. Of the 18 NCPT measures reported by the tests, 6 contribute materially to the CPV score, prospectively differentiating the high from the low shedders. Among these 6 are the 4 clinical measures digSym-time, digSym-correct, trail-time, and reaction-time, commonly used for assessing cognitive executive functioning. CPV is found to be correlated with stress and also with several genes previously reported to be associated with cognitive development and dysfunction. A perturbation study over the number and timing of NCPT sessions indicates that as few as 5 sessions is sufficient to maintain high association between the CPV score and viral shedding, as long as the timing of these sessions is balanced over the three pre-exposure days. Our results suggest that variations in cognitive function are closely related to immunity and susceptibility to severe infection. Further studying these relationships may help us better understand the links between neurocognitive and neuroimmune systems which is timely in this COVID-19 pandemic era.
Quantitative evaluation of precautions against the COVID-19 indoor transmission through human coughing
Authors: Nie Zhenguo , Chen Yunzhi , Deng Meifeng
Published: December 2022

In this work, we focus on the dispersion of COVID-19-laden droplets using the transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation of the coughing process of virus carriers in an enclosure room, aiming to set up the basic prototype of popular precautionary strategies, i.e., face mask, upward ventilation, protective screen, or any combination thereof, against the indoor transmission of COVID-19 and other highly contagious diseases in the future. A multi-component Eulerian–Lagrangian CFD particle-tracking model with user-defined functions is utilized under 8 cases to examine the characteristics of droplet dispersion concerning the mass and heat transfer, droplet evaporation, air buoyancy, air convection, air-droplet friction, and turbulent dispersion. The result shows that implementing upward ventilation is the most effective measure, followed by wearing face masks. Protective screens can restrict the movement of the coughing droplets (though it will not reduce viral load). However, applying protective screens arranged with lean can be counterproductive in preventing the spread of COVID-19 when it is inappropriately placed with ventilation. The soundest solution is the combination of the face mask and upward ventilation, which can reduce the indoor infectious concentration by nearly 99.95% compared with the baseline without any precautionary strategies. With the resumption of school and work in the post-epidemic era, this study would provide intelligence-enhancing advice for the masses and rule-makers to curb the pandemic.
Explainable automated recognition of emotional states from canine facial expressions: the case of positive anticipation and frustration
Authors: Boneh-Shitrit Tali , Feighelstein Marcelo , Bremhorst Annika , Amir Shir , Distelfeld Tomer , Dassa Yaniv , Yaroshetsky Sharon , Riemer Stefanie , Shimshoni Ilan , Mills Daniel S. , Zamansky Anna
Published: December 2022

In animal research, automation of affective states recognition has so far mainly addressed pain in a few species. Emotional states remain uncharted territories, especially in dogs, due to the complexity of their facial morphology and expressions. This study contributes to fill this gap in two aspects. First, it is the first to address dog emotional states using a dataset obtained in a controlled experimental setting, including videos from (n = 29) Labrador Retrievers assumed to be in two experimentally induced emotional states: negative (frustration) and positive (anticipation). The dogs’ facial expressions were measured using the Dogs Facial Action Coding System (DogFACS). Two different approaches are compared in relation to our aim: (1) a DogFACS-based approach with a two-step pipeline consisting of (i) a DogFACS variable detector and (ii) a positive/negative state Decision Tree classifier; (2) An approach using deep learning techniques with no intermediate representation. The approaches reach accuracy of above 71% and 89%, respectively, with the deep learning approach performing better. Secondly, this study is also the first to study explainability of AI models in the context of emotion in animals. The DogFACS-based approach provides decision trees, that is a mathematical representation which reflects previous findings by human experts in relation to certain facial expressions (DogFACS variables) being correlates of specific emotional states. The deep learning approach offers a different, visual form of explainability in the form of heatmaps reflecting regions of focus of the network’s attention, which in some cases show focus clearly related to the nature of particular DogFACS variables. These heatmaps may hold the key to novel insights on the sensitivity of the network to nuanced pixel patterns reflecting information invisible to the human eye.
Investigation on mechanical properties deterioration of concrete subjected to freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Xie Ruifeng , Yang Jianlin , Xie Enpu
Published: December 2022

Concrete structures in cold regions are usually suffer from froze and thaw action. A combined investigation of nanoindentation technique and X-ray diffraction were adopted to demonstrate the microstructure change and micromechanical properties deterioration of concrete subjected to freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles in this study. The results showed that the indentation modulus and hardness of the main compositions in mortar, such as calcium-silicate-hydrates and calcium hydroxide, both gradually decreases as the F–T cycles increase, with the greatest reduction approximate 38% after 1500 F–T cycles, while the corresponding greatest reduction of the main compositions in interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is close to 50%. In addition, the micropores in mortar and ITZ both gradually converge and connect to form larger diameter pores, and the thickness of ITZ increased rapidly from 25 to 50 μm after 1500 F–T cycles. On this basis, the effective modulus of elasticity under different F–T cycles are analyzed through Mori–Tanaka scheme with consistent variation tendency of dynamic modulus of elasticity test. Subsequently, the mechanical properties deterioration of concrete under F–T cycles is mainly attributed to the decrease of mechanical properties (such as modulus and hardness) of microscopic components, and the increase and propagation of the internal micropores especially for micropores in ITZ.
Duration judgments are mediated by the similarity with the temporal context
Authors: Boned Jaume , López-Moliner Joan
Published: December 2022

When we try to assess the duration of an event, we are often affected by external information. Studies on multiple timing have found that simultaneous timing information can produce an averaging or central tendency effect, where the perceived duration of the elements tends to be biased towards a general average. We wanted to assess how this effect induced by simultaneous distractors could depend on the temporal similarity between stimuli. We used a duration judgment task in which participants (n = 22) had to compare the duration of two identical targets (1 s) accompanied by simultaneous distractors of different durations (0.3, 0.7, 1.5 or 3 s). We found a central tendency effect, where duration judgments of the target were systematically biased towards the duration of the distractors that accompanied them. We put forward a model based on the concept of duration-channels that can explain the central tendency effect with only one estimated parameter. This parameter modulates the rate of decay of this effect as distractors duration become more different than the duration of the target.
Study on detection of soybean components in edible oil with ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) assay
Authors: Gu Menglin , Xiao Fugang , Wang Borui , Zhang Yaoxuan , Ding Changhe , Zhang Guozhi , Wang Deguo
Published: December 2022

A ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (LMTIA) assay was established and used to detect soybean components in edible oils.
Ambient sunlight-driven high performance chlorinated volatile organic compound oxidation by Cu0.15Mn0.15Ce0.7Ox hollow spheres
Authors: Wu Qixuan , Yuan Dachao , Wang Haixiao , Song Chenxi , Guan Qingqing , Wang Wenjing , Li Yaguang , Zhao Jie
Published: December 2022

The combination of hollow spherical Cu0.15Mn0.15Ce0.7Ox and a photothermal device showed 3.5 mmol g−1 h−1 of ambient sunlight-driven CB combustion.
Electrochemical monofluoroalkylation cyclization ofN-arylacrylamides to construct monofluorinated 2-oxindoles
Authors: Lv Yanxia , Hou Zhong-Wei , Wang Yi , Li Pinhua , Wang Lei
Published: December 2022

An electrochemical monofluoroalkylation cyclization ofN-arylacrylamides to synthesize monofluorinated 2-oxindoles has been developed.
Application of a Joint Coordinate System Kinematic Model to the Canine Thoracic Limb
Authors: Sandberg Gabriella S. , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C.
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to apply a three-dimensional kinematic model to the canine thoracic limb using a joint coordinate system.

Animals Six clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures Dogs had 19 retroreflective markers affixed to the skin of the right forelimb. Twelve infrared cameras were arranged in a circle around the testing space, recording the locations of the markers as dogs walked and trotted through the testing space. Five trials were used of both walks and trots at velocities 0.9 to 1.2 m/s and 1.7 to 2.1 m/s respectively. Raw marker location data were used to generate a joint coordinate system, and a six degrees of freedom model of the canine forelimb was created. Three-dimensional kinematic angles were collected for the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints.

Results Sagittal, transverse and frontal plane kinematics joint angles were generated by use of a joint coordinate system. Range of motion was calculated for each joint in all three planes.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance This minimally invasive joint coordinate system model can be used in both clinical and research settings to determine changes in range of motion of the shoulder, elbow or carpus in the canine forelimb in three dimensions.
Sex and age differences in “theory of mind” across 57 countries using the English version of the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test
Authors: Greenberg David M. , Warrier Varun , Abu-Akel Ahmad , Allison Carrie , Gajos Krzysztof Z. , Reinecke Katharina , Rentfrow P. Jason , Radecki Marcin A. , Baron-Cohen Simon
Published: December 2022

The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test (Eyes Test) is a widely used assessment of “theory of mind.” The NIMH Research Domain Criteria recommends it as one of two tests for “understanding mental states.” Previous studies have demonstrated an on-average female advantage on the Eyes Test. However, it is unknown whether this female advantage exists across the lifespan and across a large number of countries. Thus, we tested sex and age differences using the English version of the Eyes Test in adolescents and adults across 57 countries. We also tested for associations with sociodemographic and cognitive/personality factors. We leveraged one discovery dataset (
N
= 305,726) and three validation datasets (
N
s = 642; 5,284; and 1,087). The results show that: i) there is a replicable on-average female advantage in performance on the Eyes Test; ii) performance increases through adolescence and shallowly declines across adulthood; iii) the on-average female advantage is evident across the lifespan; iv) there is a significant on-average female advantage in 36 out of 57 countries; v) there is a significant on-average female advantage on translated (non-English) versions of the Eyes Test in 12 out of 16 countries, as confirmed by a systematic review; vi) D-scores, or empathizing-systemizing, predict Eyes Test performance above and beyond sex differences; and vii) the female advantage is negatively linked to “prosperity” and “autonomy,” and positively linked to “collectivism,” as confirmed by exploratory country-level analyses. We conclude that the on-average female advantage on the Eyes Test is observed across ages and most countries.
Mechanism of PKCε regulation of cardiac GIRK channel gating
Authors: Gada Kirin D. , Chang Mengmeng , Chandrashekar Aishwarya , Plant Leigh D. , Noujaim Sami F. , Logothetis Diomedes E.
Published: December 2022

G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel activity is regulated by the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI 4,5P
2
). Constitutive activity of cardiac GIRK channels in atrial myocytes, that is implicated in atrial fibrillation (AF), is mediated via a protein kinase C-ε (PKCε)-dependent mechanism. The novel PKC isoform, PKCε, is reported to enhance the activity of cardiac GIRK channels. Here, we report that PKCε stimulation leads to activation of GIRK channels in mouse atria and in human stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (iPSCs). We identified residue GIRK4(S418) which when mutated to Ala abolished, or to Glu, mimicked the effects of PKCε on GIRK currents. PKCε strengthened the interactions of the cardiac GIRK isoforms, GIRK4 and GIRK1/4 with PIP
2
, an effect that was reversed in the GIRK4(S418A) mutant. This mechanistic insight into the PKCε-mediated increase in channel activity because of GIRK4(S418) phosphorylation, provides a precise druggable target to reverse AF-related pathologies due to GIRK overactivity.
Deep learning-based attenuation map generation with simultaneously reconstructed PET activity and attenuation and low-dose application
Authors: Shi Luyao , Zhang Jiazhen , Toyonaga Takuya , Shao Dan , Onofrey John A , Lu Yihuan
Published: December 2022

Objective. In PET/CT imaging, CT is used for positron emission tomography (PET) attenuation correction (AC). CT artifacts or misalignment between PET and CT can cause AC artifacts and quantification errors in PET. Simultaneous reconstruction (MLAA) of PET activity (λ-MLAA) and attenuation (μ-MLAA) maps was proposed to solve those issues using the time-of-flight PET raw data only. However, λ-MLAA still suffers from quantification error as compared to reconstruction using the gold-standard CT-based attenuation map (μ-CT). Recently, a deep learning (DL)-based framework was proposed to improve MLAA by predicting μ-DL from λ-MLAA and μ-MLAA using an image domain loss function (IM-loss). However, IM-loss does not directly measure the AC errors according to the PET attenuation physics. Our preliminary studies showed that an additional physics-based loss function can lead to more accurate PET AC. The main objective of this study is to optimize the attenuation map generation framework for clinical full-dose 18F-FDG studies. We also investigate the effectiveness of the optimized network on predicting attenuation maps for synthetic low-dose oncological PET studies. Approach. We optimized the proposed DL framework by applying different preprocessing steps and hyperparameter optimization, including patch size, weights of the loss terms and number of angles in the projection-domain loss term. The optimization was performed based on 100 skull-to-toe 18F-FDG PET/CT scans with minimal misalignment. The optimized framework was further evaluated on 85 clinical full-dose neck-to-thigh 18F-FDG cancer datasets as well as synthetic low-dose studies with only 10% of the full-dose raw data. Main results. Clinical evaluation of tumor quantification as well as physics-based figure-of-merit metric evaluation validated the promising performance of our proposed method. For both full-dose and low-dose studies, the proposed framework achieved <1% error in tumor standardized uptake value measures. Significance. It is of great clinical interest to achieve CT-less PET reconstruction, especially for low-dose PET studies.
Tunable magnomechanically induced transparency and fast-slow light in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Liao Qinghong , Peng Kun , Qiu Haiyan
Published: December 2022

We theoretically explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency (MMIT) phenomenon and fast-slow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system in which a high-quality yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and an atomic ensemble are placed inside a microwave cavity. In the probe output spectrum, we can observe magnon-induced transparency (MIT) and MMIT due to the photon-magnon and phonon-magnon couplings. We further investigate the effect of atomic ensemble on the absorption spectrum. The results show that better transparency can be obtained by choosing appropriate atomic ensemble parameters. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the Fano resonance phenomenon. Moreover, we discuss phenomena of slow-light propagation. The maximum group delay increases significantly with the increasing atom–cavity coupling strength, and the conversion between slow light and fast light can also be achieved by adjusting the atom–cavity coupling strength. These results may have potential applications for quantum information processing and high precision measurements.
Effect of TbF3 diffusion on the demagnetization behavior and domain evolution of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Cao Xue-Jing , Guo Shuai , Xie Yu-Heng , Jin Lei , Ding Guang-Fei , Zheng Bo , Chen Ren-Jie , Yan A-Ru
Published: December 2022

We studied the magnetic properties and domain evolution of annealed and TbF3-diffused sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets using the electrophoretic deposition method. After TbF3 diffusion, the coercivity increased significantly by 9.9 kOe and microstructural analysis suggested that Tb favored the formation of the (Nd, Tb)2Fe14B shell phase in the outer region of the matrix grains. The first magnetization reversal and the dynamic successive domain propagation process were detected with a magneto-optical Kerr microscope. For the TbF3-diffused magnet, the magnetization reversal appeared at a larger applied field and the degree of simultaneous magnetization reversal decreased compared with an annealed magnet. During demagnetization after full magnetization, the occurrence of domain wall motion (DWM) in the reproduced multi-domain regions was observed by the step method. The maximum polarization change resulting from the reproduced DWM was inversely related to the coercivity. The increased coercivity for the diffused magnet was mainly attributed to the more difficult nucleation of the magnetic reversed region owing to the improved magneto-crystalline anisotropy field as a result of Tb diffusion.
Effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method on the oil yield and fatty acid profile of Thraustochytrium multirudimentale and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Anwar S H , Muzaifa M , Asmawati  , Rozana E
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method on the yield of oil and the profile of fatty acid from microalga and yeast. The microalga cultivated was identified genetically as Thraustochytrium multirudimentale MAST-1 and the yeast as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa KAST-1. The oils were extracted from dried biomass by solvents using modified Bligh and Dyer (BD) method. Before the extraction, the material underwent ultrasonication, water bath immersion, and centrifugation for biomass separation from the solvent. Extracted oils were further analyzed for compositions of fatty acid using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). An increase in the length of ultrasonication in the Bligh and Dyer method yielded a higher amount of oil. The cell walls disruption using ultrasonication for 60 minutes produced the highest oil yield. The BD’s extraction method was the best for yeast R. mucilaginosa KAST-1 with a yield of 46.3% oil, while the microalga T. multirudimentale MAST-1 gave only 20.6% oil. The fatty acids identified in the microalga oil were palmitic, stearic, oleic, elaidic and pentadecylic acid, while in yeast oil were palmitoleic, palmitic, pentadecylic, margaric, linoleic, elaidic, stearic and erucic acid. Linoleic acid as one of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was detected in yeast oil.
Application of NIRS adaptive technology for prediction of in vitro digestibility parameters of feed ingredients from Fermented Cocoa Pods
Authors: Samadi  , Fizar M , Wajizah S , Zulfahrizal Z , Munawar A A
Published: December 2022

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) is an alternative method that can be applied in the evaluation of feed ingredients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility value of fermented cocoa pods using the NIRS method of feed analysis. This study used 18 samples of fermented cocoa shell waste, where the material used was fermented cocoa pod skin (KBK) then in vitro analysis was carried out. Samples were acquired spectrum by Thermo Integrative. Chemical analysis is intended to compare the data from chemical analysis and the NIRS method. The parameters analyzed were pH, dry matter digestibility (KCBK), and organic matter digestibility (KCBO). Spectrum data were processed using PLS with the pre-treatment methods of multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and DeTrending (DT). Based on the analysis that has been carried out using the NIRS method with a prediction model that has been built on pH parameters, KCBK has a good predictive model with the DT pre-treatment method and KCBO has a good predictive model with the MSC method where (pH = LV: 8, r: 0 .79, R2: 0.62, RMSEC: 0.04 and RPD: 2.00; KCBK= LV: 8, r: 0.86, R2: 0.74, RMSEC: 1.30 and RPD: 2.02 ; KCBO= LV: 8, r: 0.88, R2: 0.78, RMSEC: 1.39 and RPD: 2.21). Rough predictions for pH were obtained with Non pre-treatment and MSC pre-treatment (pH and MSC = LV: 8, r: 0.74, R2: 0.55, RMSEC: 0.05, RPD 1.58) and rough predictions on KCBK were obtained with Non Preatment (KCBK=LV: 8, r: 0.83 R2:0.70, RMSEC: 1.30, and RPD 1.87).
The performance of dry spell-based index to predict agricultural drought
Authors: Ferijal T , Subhan
Published: December 2022

This study was intended to analyze dry spell-based drought index (SDI) performance in predicting agricultural drought. Agricultural drought was estimated using soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) over a monthly time-scale. The deficit in soil moisture was calculated using soil water content in soil profile predicted by SWAT model. The result indicated that SDI has poor performance in predicting agricultural drought index. However, the outcome might be explained by the low temporal resolution of soil moisture data.
Drying Kinetics of Banana ((Musa paradisiaca L.)Slices in GHE Solar Dryer
Authors: Syah H , Yusmanizar
Published: December 2022

One of the stages of processing green bananas into flour is the drying process. The kinetics of this process needs to be studied as a step in optimizing and improving process performance. This study aimed to assess various drying models that could explain the kinetics of drying banana slices and specify the drying kinetics parameters of banana slices. The green house effect (GHE) solar dryer was used for banana slices drying. The drying data were fitted to drying models (Page, Newton, Henderson and Pabis, Verma, and Logarithmic). The coefficient of determination (COD), root square mean errors (RSME), and Chi-square (χ2) were used to assess the models’ validity. In the GHE solar dryer, the upper tray’s temperature was higher than the lower tray’s. The Logarithmic model best reflects the kinetics of drying banana slices among the evaluated models. The range of the effective moisture diffusivity was 1.190 x 10−10 - 1.673 x 10−10 m2 s−1. At 85.7073 kJ mol−1, the activation energy was determined
Solvent extraction of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) seed oil using hexane
Authors: Mauliza N P , Rosnelly C M , Satriana  , Supardan M D
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the effect of extraction time on yield, phytochemical content in the form of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and functional groups contained in amla seed oil extract. The research was conducted by extraction using hexane solvent equipped with a stirrer at a speed of 400 rpm at 60 °C for 30 and 120 minutes. The results showed that the extraction time affected the yield of amla seed oil. The highest yield was obtained by using an extraction time of 120 minutes. It can be proven by the morphological structure analysis using scanning electron microscope. Phytochemical analysis showed amla seed oil has high phenolic and flavonoid compounds at the extraction time of 120 minutes compared than 30 minutes. The results of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) of amla seed oil with different extraction times showed the same functional group content in the form of a hydroxyl group (O-H) indicating the presence of polyphenolic compounds, a ketone group (C=O) indicating the presence of ascorbic acid compounds and an ether group (C-O) indicating the presence of ascorbic acid the presence of flavonoid compounds in amla seed oil.
Comparison of carbon content in soil and biomass in various types of sub-optimal dryland use in Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi S , Syafruddin S , Arabia T , Khairullah K , Umar HA
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted to compare the content of carbon in soil and in biomass vegetation in various types of sub-optimal dryland in Aceh Besar district, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from seven soil depths from 0 to 100 cm under 12 land uses including primary forest, secondary forest, pine forest,Eucalyptusforests, teak forest, forest shrubs, shrublands, and grasslands, mixed gardens, moorlands, rainfed rice fields, and bare lands. The measurement of plant biomass is differentiated according to the type of vegetation based on the BSN (2020) procedure [1]. The biomass of vegetations used allometric equations. The results of the study showed that the C content of the soil at a depth of 0-30 cm was higher than the C content at 30-100 cm. Carbon soil potential at the depth of 0-100 cm and biomass carbon contents in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varies greatly between land-use types. The primary forest has the highest potential for soil carbon and biomass carbon compared to other land-use types. Soil and biomass C potentials in the primary forest were 332.28 ± 28.75 t ha-1and 241.71 ± 24.46 t ha-1(70.4%), respectively, with soil C stock of 25,103.68 Gg. The lowest soil C potential was found in bare land, namely 57.54±5.87 t ha-1with a biomass C potential of 0.53 ±0.06 t ha-1, while the lowest soil C stock was found in the teak forest, which was 4.83 Gg. There is a positive correlation between soil C stock and biomass C content. The ratio of soil C and biomass C in the sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar varied from 0.01 to 1.57.
Initial Characterization of Bifidus Milk Quality with Different Starter Levels of Bifidobacterium longum
Authors: Yurliasni Yurliasni , Hanum Zuraida , Delima Mira , Latif Herawati , Hidayati Nurul
Published: December 2022

A study on the initial characterization of bifidus milk quality with a different level of Bifidobacterium longum was conducted to find out the best starter level that is able to produce bifidus milk that meets the characteristics of a healthy drink. The design use in this study consisting of 4 treatments (starter level) that are 1% (L1), 3% (L2), 5% (L3), and 7% (L4) with four replications for each treatment, thus 16 experimental units were obtained. Furthermore, the parameters measured were the degree of acidity (pH), total lactic acid, protein content, total plate count, and syneresis. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was performed if there was a difference. Results showed that the starting concentration had no effect on pH and total lactate, whereas had a highly significant effect on TPC and protein content (P < 0.01). However, all values are still within the range of Indonesian National Standards. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it is recommended that the highest quality bifidobacteria milk is indicated by pH, lactate content, protein, and total plate count obtained by L1 (1% starter) 3.84, 1.22, 4.92, and 8.40 respectively
The Viability of The Pasteurized milk with the addition Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Extract
Authors: Hanum Z , Yurliasni  , Sofiandi N , Gaznur Z M , Aini Z
Published: December 2022

Generally, pasteurized milk in Indonesia has a relatively short shelf life of 5-7 days. Commercially, pasteurized milk has also experienced microbial contamination also found on day 7, so it cannot be stored for long. To avoid this, it is necessary to add natural ingredients, which are to maintain quality, by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria so the shelf life of pasteurized milk can be extended. One of these natural ingredients is cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), which has antibacterial properties from its metabolite components. Cinnamon extract was added to pasteurized milk of as much as 0.5%. Cinnamon extract was obtained by the maceration method and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 storage treatments (0 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days), each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters measured included pH analysis, total plate count and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of pH analysis showed that the average pH value of pasteurized goat’s milk added with cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract and stored for 28 days ranged from 6.24 to 6.44, this value range had reached the standard pH value. The results of total plate count showed that the average bacterial growth ranged from 0.7 × 104 CFU/ml – 16.9 × 104 CFU/ml. Therefore, the results of the addition of cinnamon extract to pasteurized milk still met the standards of pasteurized milk. The addition of cinnamon extract with a concentration of 0.5% to pasteurized goat’s milk showed antibacterial activity by forming an average inhibition zone of 1.6 mm on S. aureus bacteria but was unable to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.5% cinnamon extract to pasteurized milk can extend the shelf life of pasteurized milk up to 28 days but is unable to inhibit bacterial growth.
Analysis of community adaptation on sinking coastal settlement in the Sriwulan, Demak Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman B , Wicaksono N A B , Karmila M , Ridlo M A
Published: December 2022

Settlements in coastal cities have various complex problems, one of which is the area of flooding and sinking. This study aims to examine how the adaptation response of the community to their residential area, which used to be in the form of a land dimension, is now sinking into a water dimension. Using qualitative methods, this research uses a GIS approach to observe physical changes in the area and in-depth interviews to obtain information related to community adaptation. The result is that there are three adaptations, namely Resistant Settlement Adaptations, Adaptation of Settlement Increase, and Reduced Settlements Adaptation. This adaptation occurs because of the encouragement of internal and external factors, giving rise to various forms of adaptation, especially in the Adaptation of Settlement Increase which is a new thing in this study.
Spatial distribution of elephant populations and habitat characteristics in the Serbajadi-Lokop forest area of Aceh Indonesia
Authors: Zulfikar Z , Dahlan D , Abdullah A
Published: December 2022

Understanding the factors influencing the spatial distribution of elephants can provide insight into the dynamics of their populations, thus helping elephant and habitat conservation efforts. Elephant habitat selection is an important key to knowing the existing conditions for the potential availability of elephant feed. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of elephant populations and the characteristics of habitat selection as a route in the all-around forest area of Aceh Timur district. This research was carried out in the Serbajadi-lokop forest area. We observed areas that had high activity. The method used is direct observation of the 500 m long transect path on each transect and literature study to obtain information about the selection of elephant habitat areas. The results show that 22 areas are used as resting sites and elephant habitat areas. In the area, several types of plants with forest cover range from 25%-90%, the height of the land varies from 0-400 meters above sea level and the vegetation type consists of 14 primary forest locations, 6 secondary and 2 Plantation Areas . Overall, it can be concluded that the ecology of wild elephants in all-around forest areas has diverse characteristics and is in the lowlands and elephants have the selection of certain areas to rest within the forest area.
The potential habitat for bird migration in the coastline area of Banda Aceh City
Authors: Khairunisak  , Abdullah  , Huda I , Khairil  , Asiah
Published: December 2022

The coastline of Banda Aceh is one of the locations where land, water and air elements meet. This meeting point functions as buffer zones for migrating birds as a place to find food, rest, and other activities. The aim of this study is to determine the type of migratory bird stopover habitat in the coastal area of Banda Aceh. This study is a descriptive qualitative research with a direct observation. The results of this study indicate that there are four types of migratory bird stopover habitats in the coastline of Banda Aceh which is rich in natural resources and plant vegetation to be used as a stopover for migratory birds, namely beaches, mangrove forests, ponds, and swamps with locations in Gampong Pande, Kuta Raja Subdistrict, Lampulo Village, in Kuta Alam Subdistrict, and Alue Naga Village, Syiah Kuala Subdistrict. This study revealed that these locations are rich in natural resources and plant vegetation, such as Rhizophora apiculata (oil mangrove), Rhizophora mucronata (loop-root mangrove), Avicennia marina (grey maggrove), Avicennia alba (Api-Api Putih), Casuarina equisetifolia (Coastal She-oak), and Leucaena leucocephala (river tamarind). These locations are ideal for migratory birds as they can be used as a stopover place to find food, rest, and breed.
Bioremediation to increase the ex-mining land reclamation in Indonesia
Authors: Rosa E , Sufardi S , Syafruddin S , Rusdi M
Published: December 2022

Bioremediation was method to processed using microorganisms such as the bacteria, fungi (mycoremediation), yeast, algae, and enzymes produced by these microbes to clean or neutralize chemicals and the raw material cement to alternative in dealing with environmental control. Furthermore, the reclamation was improve the post-mining environmental area to produce a better ecosystem environment, than it was appearance. Bioremediation and reclamation was mutual support method to maintain the ex-mining land. This study method used the literature review method. In the result, we are describe the chemical bioremediation principles included with the anoxic lime to utilizing sulphide reducing bacteria, the landscaping with compost to increase the ability of the soil to hold water and contains a relatively high element of C a source of energy microbes and the environmental modification to add the electron acceptor nutrients. Then, other activities that to increase ex-mining land services due to other mining activities was reclamation. The reclamation activities can be seen from the quality of the land which is a very important environmental component. Where open-pit mining will also result in changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, so it is necessary to manage ex-mining land. We are represent the reclamation principles, i.e. topsoil conservation was the avoid subsoil mixtures was contain the elements, the land arrangement was improve the condition of the landscape nature with the closing the dug holes, the sediment management and erosion control and the heavy metal management was reduce the heavy metal content and that was need to select the plant species that tolerant of heavy metals.
Prediction of Settlement Growth in Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA) and Its Implication for Carrying Capacity
Authors: Rahman Auliaur , Ramli Ichwana , Irwansyah Mirza , Achmad Ashfa
Published: December 2022

Population growth affects the competition between land uses. Inevitably, the increasing demand for natural resources causes severe damage to the urban environment. In addition, the potential of water resources can be a problem related to the supply of clean and suitable water to the community. The geological structure of the soil, disaster susceptibility, and issues with the clean water supply at the location are challenges in determining the development of residential areas in the Meulaboh Urban Area (MUA). This study aims to determine the carrying capacity of the Meulaboh urban settlement environment and the model for the distribution of settlements in the MUA. The environment’s carrying capacity is reviewed based on two aspects: the carrying capacity of settlements and water resources. In analyzing settlement modeling using MLC data from time-series images of Google Earth and Landsat 8-9 in 2011, 2016, and 2021 and using the MOLUSCE plugin on QGIS. The environmental carrying capacity assessment results show that the level of carrying capacity of settlements in the MUA is currently worth 1.69, and in 2041 it will reach a value of 1.26. While the carrying capacity of water resources in the current year is at a value of 2.8, and in 2041, it will reach a value of 2.0. Until 2041, it can still accommodate the population and meet the water needs to support population growth. However, it must still consider the disaster aspects and existing environmental constraints. So that sustainable development can be created that can balance development and the environment in the region.
Preparation of nanocarbon modified vermiculite ceramics with excellent adsorption capacity
Authors: Huifang Wang , Yubao Bi , Shiming Hao , Wei Jiang , Jvhui Liu
Published: December 2022

Abstracts

Nanocarbon modified vermiculite porous ceramics with hydrophobicity were prepared using vermiculite as the starting materials and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the carbon precursor via the catalytic reaction method. The microstructures, hydrophobicity, and adsorption capacity of as-prepared porous ceramics were characterized by scanning electron microscope, water contact angle testing, and weight gaining, respectively. The results revealed that the nano-carbon generated from the pyrolysis of PET formed on the surface of the pores in ceramics. The water contact angle of as-prepared modified porous ceramics with 82% porosity was up to 123 °. The as-prepared porous ceramics showed highly efficient adsorption to oils and were very durable, and would be excellent candidate materials to separate the oil from the water/oil mixture.
Hausdorff dimension estimates applied to Lagrange and Markov spectra, Zaremba theory, and limit sets of Fuchsian groups
Authors: Pollicott M. , Vytnova P.
Published: December 2022

In this note we will describe a simple and practical approach to get rigorous bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of limits sets for some one dimensional Markov iterated function schemes. The general problem has attracted considerable attention, but we are particularly concerned with the role of the value of the Hausdorff dimension in solving conjectures and problems in other areas of mathematics. As our first application we confirm, and often strengthen, conjectures on the difference of the Lagrange and Markov spectra in Diophantine analysis, which appear in the work of Matheus and Moreira [Comment. Math. Helv. 95 (2020), pp. 593–633]. As a second application we (re-)validate and improve estimates connected with the Zaremba conjecture in number theory, used in the work of Bourgain–Kontorovich [Ann. of Math. (2) 180 (2014), pp. 137–196], Huang [An improvement to Zaremba’s conjecture, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, 2015] and Kan [Mat. Sb. 210 (2019), pp. 75–130]. As a third more geometric application, we rigorously bound the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplacian for infinite area surfaces, as illustrated by an example studied by McMullen [Amer. J. Math. 120 (1998), pp. 691-721].

In all approaches to estimating the dimension of limit sets there are questions about the efficiency of the algorithm, the computational effort required and the rigour of the bounds. The approach we use has the virtues of being simple and efficient and we present it in this paper in a way that is straightforward to implement.

These estimates apparently cannot be obtained by other known methods.
Differences in a Minor Archive: Feminist Activists and Scholars on Cohabitation
Authors: Leckey Robert
Published: December 2022

In an act of minor comparativism, this Article studies feminist writings on unmarried cohabitation from Canada’s jurisdictions of the common law and civil law. It examines activist texts and legal scholarship for and against regulating cohabitants. Reading the English-language literature from the common law provinces and the French-language literature from Quebec, it reports differences in substance, in emphasis, and in what is common sense. Differing approaches to ideas of freedom, autonomy, and choice run throughout. The Quebec literature shows disagreement between activists and scholars. Over time, that literature has moved towards the view in the common law literature. Lessons for comparatists relate to varieties of difference, the definition of legal sources, the asymmetrical role that legal traditions play in majority and minority contexts, and the limits of law in explaining differences. Given the unreliability of initial observations of difference and sameness, comparatists should read a broad range of sources with care and humility.