bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of FAIR principles in the IPCC: the WGI AR6 Atlas repository
Authors: Iturbide Maialen , Fernández Jesús , Gutiérrez José M. , Pirani Anna , Huard David , Al Khourdajie Alaa , Baño-Medina Jorge , Bedia Joaquin , Casanueva Ana , Cimadevilla Ezequiel , Cofiño Antonio S. , De Felice Matteo , Diez-Sierra Javier , García-Díez Markel , Goldie James , Herrera Dimitris A. , Herrera Sixto , Manzanas Rodrigo , Milovac Josipa , Radhakrishnan Aparna , San-Martín Daniel , Spinuso Alessandro , Thyng Kristen M. , Trenham Claire , Yelekçi Özge
Published: October 2022

The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has adopted the FAIR Guiding Principles. We present the Atlas chapter of Working Group I (WGI) as a test case. We describe the application of the FAIR principles in the Atlas, the challenges faced during its implementation, and those that remain for the future. We introduce the open source repository resulting from this process, including coding (e.g., annotated Jupyter notebooks), data provenance, and some aggregated datasets used in some figures in the Atlas chapter and its interactive companion (the Interactive Atlas), open to scrutiny by the scientific community and the general public. We describe the informal pilot review conducted on this repository to gather recommendations that led to significant improvements. Finally, a working example illustrates the re-use of the repository resources to produce customized regional information, extending the Interactive Atlas products and running the code interactively in a web browser using Jupyter notebooks.
Identifying pre-existing conditions and multimorbidity patterns associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Bucholc Magda , Bradley Declan , Bennett Damien , Patterson Lynsey , Spiers Rachel , Gibson David , Van Woerden Hugo , Bjourson Anthony J.
Published: October 2022

We investigated the association between a wide range of comorbidities and COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and assessed the influence of multi morbidity on the risk of COVID-19-related death using a large, regional cohort of 6036 hospitalized patients. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using Patient Administration System Admissions and Discharges data. The International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) diagnosis codes were used to identify common comorbidities and the outcome measure. Individuals with lymphoma (odds ratio [OR], 2.78;95% CI,1.64–4.74), metastatic cancer (OR, 2.17; 95% CI,1.25–3.77), solid tumour without metastasis (OR, 1.67; 95% CI,1.16–2.41), liver disease (OR: 2.50, 95% CI,1.53–4.07), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.69; 95% CI,1.32–2.15), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.43; 95% CI,1.18–1.72), obesity (OR, 5.28; 95% CI,2.92–9.52), renal disease (OR, 1.81; 95% CI,1.51–2.19), and dementia (OR, 1.44; 95% CI,1.17–1.76) were at increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Asthma was associated with a lower risk of death compared to non-asthma controls (OR, 0.60; 95% CI,0.42–0.86). Individuals with two (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.47–2.20; P < 0.001), and three or more comorbidities (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.43–2.27; P < 0.001) were at increasingly higher risk of death when compared to those with no underlying conditions. Furthermore, multi morbidity patterns were analysed by identifying clusters of conditions in hospitalised COVID-19 patients using k-mode clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique. Six patient clusters were identified, with recognisable co-occurrences of COVID-19 with different combinations of diseases, namely, cardiovascular (100%) and renal (15.6%) diseases in patient Cluster 1; mental and neurological disorders (100%) with metabolic and endocrine diseases (19.3%) in patient Cluster 2; respiratory (100%) and cardiovascular (15.0%) diseases in patient Cluster 3, cancer (5.9%) with genitourinary (9.0%) as well as metabolic and endocrine diseases (9.6%) in patient Cluster 4; metabolic and endocrine diseases (100%) and cardiovascular diseases (69.1%) in patient Cluster 5; mental and neurological disorders (100%) with cardiovascular diseases (100%) in patient Cluster 6. The highest mortality of 29.4% was reported in Cluster 6.
Pericytes take up and degrade α-synuclein but succumb to apoptosis under cellular stress
Authors: Stevenson Taylor J. , Johnson Rebecca H. , Savistchenko Jimmy , Rustenhoven Justin , Woolf Zoe , Smyth Leon C. D. , Murray Helen C. , Faull Richard L. M. , Correia Jason , Schweder Patrick , Heppner Peter , Turner Clinton , Melki Ronald , Dieriks Birger V. , Curtis Maurice A. , Dragunow Michael
Published: October 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and the presence of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). Pericytes and microglia, two non-neuronal cells contain α-syn in the human brain, however, their role in disease processes is poorly understood. Pericytes, found surrounding the capillaries in the brain are important for maintaining the blood–brain barrier, controlling blood flow and mediating inflammation. In this study, primary human brain pericytes and microglia were exposed to two different α-synuclein aggregates. Inflammatory responses were assessed using immunocytochemistry, cytometric bead arrays and proteome profiler cytokine array kits. Fixed flow cytometry was used to investigate the uptake and subsequent degradation of α-syn in pericytes. We found that the two α-syn aggregates are devoid of inflammatory and cytotoxic actions on human brain derived pericytes and microglia. Although α-syn did not induce an inflammatory response, pericytes efficiently take up and degrade α-syn through the lysosomal pathway but not the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Furthermore, when pericytes were exposed the ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor—MG132 and α-syn aggregates, there was profound cytotoxicity through the production of reactive oxygen species resulting in apoptosis. These results suggest that the observed accumulation of α-syn in pericytes in human PD brains likely plays a role in PD pathogenesis, perhaps by causing cerebrovascular instability, under conditions of cellular stress.
Ecological factors are likely drivers of eye shape and colour pattern variations across anthropoid primates
Authors: Perea-García Juan Olvido , Ramarajan Kokulanantha , Kret Mariska E. , Hobaiter Catherine , Monteiro Antónia
Published: October 2022

External eye appearance across primate species is diverse in shape and colouration, yet we still lack an explanation for the drivers of such diversity. Here we quantify substantial interspecific variation in eye shape and colouration across 77 primate species representing all extant genera of anthropoid primates. We reassess a series of hypotheses aiming to explain ocular variation in horizontal elongation and in colouration across species. Heavier body weight and terrestrial locomotion are associated with elongated eye outlines. Species living closer to the equator present more pigmented conjunctivae, suggesting photoprotective functions. Irises become bluer in species living further away from the equator, adding to existing literature supporting a circadian clock function for bluer irises. These results shift the current focus from communicative, to ecological factors in driving variation in external eye appearance in anthropoid primates. They also highlight the possibility that similar ecological factors contributed to selection for blue eyes in ancestral human populations living in northern latitudes.
Subcellular partitioning of protein kinase activity revealed by functional kinome profiling
Authors: Wegman-Points Lauren , Alganem Khaled , Imami Ali Sajid , Mathis Victoria , Creeden Justin Fortune , McCullumsmith Robert , Yuan Li-Lian
Published: October 2022

Protein kinases and their substrates form signaling networks partitioned across subcellular compartments to facilitate critical biological processes. While the subcellular roles of many individual kinases have been elucidated, a comprehensive assessment of the synaptic subkinome is lacking. Further, most studies of kinases focus on transcript, protein, and/or phospho-protein expression levels, providing an indirect measure of protein kinase activity. Prior work suggests that gene expression levels are not a good predictor of protein function. Thus, we assessed global serine/threonine protein kinase activity profiles in synaptosomal, nuclear, and cytosolic fractions from rat frontal cortex homogenate using peptide arrays. Comparisons made between fractions demonstrated differences in overall protein kinase activity. Upstream kinase analysis revealed a list of cognate kinases that were enriched in the synaptosomal fraction compared to the nuclear fraction. We identified many kinases in the synaptic fraction previously implicated in this compartment, while also identifying other kinases with little or no evidence for synaptic localization. Our results show the feasibility of assessing subcellular fractions with peptide activity arrays, as well as suggesting compartment specific activity profiles associated with established and novel kinases.
Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child blood pressure in a European cohort
Authors: Parada-Ricart Ester , Luque Veronica , Zaragoza Marta , Ferre Natalia , Closa-Monasterolo Ricardo , Koletzko Berthold , Grote Veit , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Verduci Elvira , Xhonneux Annick , Escribano Joaquin
Published: October 2022

Hypertension is a public health issue that can have its origin in the early phases of development. Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) could play a role in offspring’s cardio-metabolic programming. To assess the relationship between MSDP and later blood pressure (BP) in children we conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized dietary intervention trial (EU-Childhood Obesity Project). Healthy term infants with normal birth weight were recruited during the first 8 weeks of life in 5 European countries and followed until 11 years of age. Data on MSDP was collected at recruitment. BP and anthropometry were assessed at 11 years of age. Children were classified according to AAP guidelines as normal BP: BP < 90th percentile; high BP: ≥ 90th percentile with the subset of children having BP > 95th percentile categorized as hypertensive. Out of 572 children, 20% were exposed to MSDP. At 11 years, 26.8% had BP over the 90th centile. MSDP beyond 12 weeks of gestation was associated with higher systolic BP percentile (adjusted B 6.935; 95% CI 0.454, 13.429; p = 0.036) and over twofold increase likelihood of hypertension (OR 2.195; 95% CI 1.089, 4.423; p = 0.028) in children at 11 years. MSDP was significantly associated with later BP in children.
Determination of the boundary lipids of sticholysins using tryptophan quenching
Authors: Palacios-Ortega Juan , Amigot-Sánchez Rafael , García-Montoya Carmen , Gorše Ana , Heras-Márquez Diego , García-Linares Sara , Martínez-del-Pozo Álvaro , Slotte J. Peter
Published: October 2022

Sticholysins are α-pore-forming toxins produced by the sea-anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. These toxins exert their activity by forming pores on sphingomyelin-containing membranes. Recognition of sphingomyelin by sticholysins is required to start the process of pore formation. Sphingomyelin recognition is coupled with membrane binding and followed by membrane penetration and oligomerization. Many features of these processes are known. However, the extent of contact with each of the different kinds of lipids present in the membrane has received little attention. To delve into this question, we have used a phosphatidylcholine analogue labeled at one of its acyl chains with a doxyl moiety, a known quencher of tryptophan emission. Here we present evidence for the contact of sticholysins with phosphatidylcholine lipids in the sticholysin oligomer, and for how each sticholysin isotoxin is affected differently by the inclusion of cholesterol in the membrane. Furthermore, using phosphatidylcholine analogs that were labeled at different positions of their structure (acyl chains and headgroup) in combination with a variety of sticholysin mutants, we also investigated the depth of the tryptophan residues of sticholysins in the bilayer. Our results indicate that the position of the tryptophan residues relative to the membrane normal is deeper when cholesterol is absent from the membrane.
Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly
Authors: Raczyński Mateusz , Stoks Robby , Sniegula Szymon
Published: October 2022

Differences in hatching dates can shape intraspecific interactions through size-mediated priority effects (SMPE), a phenomenon where bigger, early hatched individuals gain advantage over smaller, late hatched ones. However, it remains unclear to what extent and how SMPE are affected by key environmental factors such as warming and predation risk imposed by top predators. We studied effects of warming (low and high temperature) and predation risk (presence and absence of predator cues of perch) on SMPE in life history and physiological traits in the cannibalistic damselfly Ischnura elegans. We induced SMPE in the laboratory by manipulating hatching dates, creating following groups: early and late hatchlings reared in separate containers, and mixed phenology groups where early and late hatchlings shared the same containers. We found strong SMPE for survival and emergence success, with the highest values in early larvae of mixed phenology groups and the lowest values in late larvae of mixed phenology groups. Neither temperature nor predator cues affected SMPE for these two traits. The other life history traits (development rate and mass at emergence) did not show SMPE, but were affected by temperature and predator cues. A tendency for SMPE was found for protein content, in the high temperature treatment. The other physiological traits (phenoloxidase activity and fat content) showed fixed expressions across treatments, indicating decoupling between physiology and life history. The results underline that SMPEs are trait-dependent, and only weakly or not affected by temperature and predation risk.
Adolescent-onset depression is associated with altered social functioning into middle adulthood
Authors: Chang Katherine , Kuhlman Kate Ryan
Published: October 2022

Depression during sensitive periods of social development may have consequences that extend well beyond mental health, and far into adulthood. This study compared the social functioning of adults with adolescent-onset depression (ages 10–20) to those with adult-onset depression (ages 21+). Participants were 3,360 adults (67.2% female; ages 42 ± 15) who had experienced major depression. Adult functional outcomes were marital status, divorce, number of children, years of education, employment status, household income, dependency on welfare, and obesity. Participants with depression during adolescence were less likely to get married, have children, and more likely to have lower household incomes. Depression during adolescence may be associated with broader functional outcomes that impact individuals and society, and may be mitigated through intervention and effective policy.
The role of the Aspergillus nidulans high mobility group B protein HmbA, the orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nhp6p
Authors: Ámon Judit , Varga Gabriella , Pfeiffer Ilona , Farkas Zoltán , Karácsony Zoltán , Hegedűs Zsófia , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Hamari Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2022

The mammalian HMGB1 is a high-mobility-group B protein, which is both an architectural and functional element of chromatin. Nhp6p, the extensively studied fungal homologue of HMGB1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has pleiotropic physiological functions. Despite the existence of Nhp6p orthologues in filamentous ascomycetes, little is known about their physiological roles besides their contribution to sexual development. Here we study the function of HmbA, the Aspergillus nidulans orthologue of Nhp6p. We show that HmbA influences the utilization of various carbon- and nitrogen sources, stress tolerance, secondary metabolism, hyphae elongation and maintenance of polarized growth. Additionally, by conducting heterologous expression studies, we demonstrate that HmbA and Nhp6p are partially interchangeable. HmbA restores SNR6 transcription and fitness of nhp6AΔBΔ mutant and reverses its heat sensitivity. Nhp6Ap complements several phenotypes of hmbAΔ, including ascospore formation, utilization of various carbon- and nitrogen-sources, radial growth rate, hypha elongation by polarized growth. However, Nhp6Ap does not complement sterigmatocystin production in a hmbAΔ strain. Finally, we also show that HmbA is necessary for the normal expression of the endochitinase chiA, a cell wall re-modeller that is pivotal for the normal mode of maintenance of polar growth.
Osteohistology of a Triassic dinosaur population reveals highly variable growth trajectories typified early dinosaur ontogeny
Authors: Barta Daniel E. , Griffin Christopher T. , Norell Mark A.
Published: October 2022

Intraspecific variation in growth trajectories provides a fundamental source of variation upon which natural selection acts. Recent work hints that early dinosaurs possessed elevated levels of such variation compared to other archosaurs, but comprehensive data uniting body size, bone histology, and morphological variation from a stratigraphically constrained early dinosaur population are needed to test this hypothesis. The Triassic theropodCoelophysis bauri, known from a bonebed preserving a single population of coeval individuals, provides an exceptional system to assess whether highly variable growth patterns were present near the origin of Dinosauria. Twenty-four histologically sampled individuals were less than a year to at least four years old and confirm the right-skewed age distribution of theCoelophysisassemblage. Poor correlations among size, age, and morphological maturity strongly support the presence of unique, highly variable growth trajectories in early dinosaurs relative to coeval archosaurs and their living kin.
Dynamics of human milk oligosaccharides in early lactation and relation with growth and appetitive traits of Filipino breastfed infants
Authors: Samuel Tinu M. , Hartweg Mickaël , Lebumfacil Jowena D. , Buluran Katherine. B. , Lawenko Rachel. B. , Estorninos Elvira M. , Binia Aristea , Sprenger Norbert
Published: October 2022

Human milk oligosaccharides play a key role in the maturation of the infant gut microbiome and immune system and are hypothesized to affect growth. This study examined the temporal changes of 24 HMOs and their associations to infant growth and appetitive traits in an exploratory, prospective, observational, study of 41 Filipino mother-infant dyads. Exclusively breastfed, healthy, term infants were enrolled at 21–26 days of age (≈ 0.75 mo) and followed for 6 months. Infant growth measures and appetitive traits were collected at visit 1 (V1) (≈ 0.75 mo), V2 (≈ 1.5 mo), V3 (2.5 mo), V4 (2.75 mo), V5 (4 mo), and V6 (6 mo), while HMOs were measured at V1, V2, V3 and V5. Overall exposure to each HMO was summarized as area under the curve from baseline to 4 months of age and examined in association with each measure of growth at 6 months using linear regression adjusted for maternal age at birth, infant sex, birth weight, and mode of delivery. We saw modest associations between several HMOs and infant growth parameters. Our results suggest that specific HMOs, partly as proxy for milk groups (defined by Secretor and Lewis status), may be associated with head circumference and length, increasing their relevance especially in populations at the lower end of the WHO growth curve. We did not identify the same HMOs associated with infant appetitive traits, indicating that at least in our cohort, changes in appetite were not driving the observed associations between HMOs and growth.

Clinical trial registration: NCT03387124.
Continuous variable measurement device independent quantum conferencing with postselection
Authors: Fletcher Alasdair I. , Pirandola Stefano
Published: October 2022

A continuous variable (CV), measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is analyzed, enabling three parties to connect for quantum conferencing. We utilise a generalised Bell detection at an untrusted relay and a postselection procedure, in which distant parties reconcile on the signs of the displacements of the quadratures of their prepared coherent states. We derive the rate of the protocol under a collective pure-loss attack, demonstrating improved rate-distance performance compared to the equivalent non-post-selected protocol. In the symmetric configuration in which all the parties lie the same distance from the relay, we find a positive key rate over 6 km. Such postselection techniques can be used to improve the rate of multi-party quantum conferencing protocols at longer distances at the cost of reduced performance at shorter distances.
Experimental quantum state discrimination using the optimal fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes strategy
Authors: Gómez Santiago , Gómez Esteban S. , Jiménez Omar , Delgado Aldo , Walborn Stephen P. , Lima Gustavo
Published: October 2022

The problem of non-orthogonal state discrimination underlies crucial quantum information tasks, such as cryptography and computing protocols. Therefore, it is decisive to find optimal scenarios for discrimination among quantum states. We experimentally investigate the strategy for the optimal discrimination of two non-orthogonal states considering a fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes (FRIO). The main advantage of the FRIO strategy is to interpolate between unambiguous and minimum error discrimination by solely adjusting the rate of inconclusive outcomes. We present a versatile experimental scheme that performs the optimal FRIO measurement for any pair of generated non-orthogonal states with arbitrary a priori probabilities and any fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes. Considering different values of the free parameters in the FRIO protocol, we implement it upon qubit states encoded in the polarization mode of single photons generated in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. Moreover, we resort to a newfangled double-path Sagnac interferometer to perform a three-outcome non-projective measurement required for the discrimination task, showing excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. This experiment provides a practical toolbox for a wide range of quantum state discrimination strategies using the FRIO scheme, which can significantly benefit quantum information applications and fundamental studies in quantum theory.
Wireless power transfer based on 2D routing
Authors: Wu Zhouyi , Yu Haochen , Schreurs Dominique , Huangfu Jiangtao
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a dual-frequency wireless power transfer method is proposed, capable of achieving controllable routing and providing power through magnetic coupling resonance to various positions on a two-dimensional plane. The plane is composed of multiple power supply units with a uniform structure. Every unit has two different resonant states to switch, an activated state to power the receiver and a low-power inactive state adopted to maintain power required for state-switching. By switching and combining units in different states through wireless control circuits, directional wireless transfer of power on the plane can be realized. The circuit of power transfer through coupling is modelled and analysed. Electromagnetic simulations are conducted, followed by implementation and test of an experimental system. Both single-receiver and multiple-receiver situations are applicable in this method. The highest transmission efficiency can reach 93.3% under single receiver situation after coupling 5 units, which reveals satisfactory ability in flexibility and efficiency. Embedded in multiple application scenes, we envision further possibilities of this method such as indoor-device wireless charging and free-moving robot charging systems in factories.
Post-endotoxin exposure-induced lung inflammation and resolution consequences beneficially impacted by lung-delivered IL-10 therapy
Authors: Poole Jill A. , Gaurav Rohit , Schwab Aaron , Nelson Amy J. , Gleason Angela , Romberger Debra J. , Wyatt Todd A.
Published: October 2022

Although lung diseases typically result from long-term exposures, even a robust, one-time exposure can result in long-lasting consequences. Endotoxin is a ubiquitous environmental/occupational inflammatory agent often used to model airway inflammation. Using a murine model, the return to lung homeostasis following high dose inhalant lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10–100 μg) exposure were delineated over 2 weeks. LPS-induced rapid weight loss, release of proinflammatory mediators, and inflammatory cell influx with prolonged persistence of activated macrophages CD11c+CD11b+ and recruited/transitioning CD11cintCD11b+ monocyte-macrophages out to 2 weeks. Next, lung-delivered recombinant (r) interleukin (IL)-10 was intratracheally administered for 3 doses initiated 5 h following LPS (10 μg) exposure for 2 days. IL-10 therapy reduced LPS-induced weight loss and increased blood glucose levels. Whereas there was no difference in LPS-induced bronchoalveolar lavage airway fluid cellular influx, total lung cell infiltrates were reduced (37%) with rIL-10 treatment. Post-LPS exposure treatment with rIL-10 strikingly reduced lavage fluid and lung homogenate levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (88% and 93% reduction, respectively), IL-6 (98% and 94% reduction), CXCL1 (66% and 75% reduction), and CXCL2 (47% and 67% reduction). LPS-induced recruited monocyte-macrophages (CD11cintCD11b+) were reduced (68%) with rIL-10. Correspondingly, LPS-induced lung tissue CCR2+ inflammatory monocyte-macrophage were reduced with rIL-10. There were also reductions in LPS-induced lung neutrophils, lymphocyte subpopulations, collagen content, and vimentin expression. These findings support the importance of studying resolution processes for the development of treatment after unintended environmental/occupational biohazard exposures. Short-term, lung-delivered rIL-10 favorably hastened inflammatory recovery processes following acute, high dose inhalant LPS exposure.
Fluid restriction management in the treatment of COVID-19: a single-center observational study
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Sugiyama Takuya , Kondo Natsuki , Miyahara Masaya , Hanaoka Noriyuki , Nagashima Hideaki , Kasahara Yuki , Fujiyoshi Naohiko , Inada Azusa , Inaba Shin
Published: October 2022

The relationship between fluid management and the severity of illness, duration of treatment, and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate whether weight change during hospitalization was associated with COVID-19 severity, length of hospital stay, and route of admission. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of fluid restriction management in patients with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital between July 2020 and October 2021 were analyzed. Patients were treated with standard drug therapy based on the Japanese guidelines and respiratory support according to the severity of the disease. Early enteral nutrition, defecation management, and anticoagulation therapy were also administered. Fluid restriction management was performed using furosemide and continuous renal replacement therapy as needed unless hemodynamic instability or hyperlactatemia was present. Patient background, route of admission (ambulance, A; transfer, T), weight at admission and discharge, the severity of illness (oxygen therapy, G1; mechanical ventilation, G2; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, G3), in-hospital mortality, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. There were 116 subjects: G1 (n = 48), G2 (n = 43), and G3 (n = 25), with ages (median [IQR]) of 58 (47–70), 65 (53–71.5), 56 (51–62) years, 40 (83.3%), 31 (72.1%), and 19 (76.0%) males, respectively. Hospital stays were 4.5 (2–7), 10 (7–16), and 18 (15–26) days, and the in-hospital mortality rates were 0 (0%), 7 (16.3%), and 8 (32%), respectively. Body mass index on admission was 26 (23.1–30.2), 27.1 (22.7–31.1), and 31.5 (27.1–33.1) kg/m2, and weight loss during admission was 1.1 (0–2.9), 4.6 (2.3–5.7), 9.2 (5.6–10.5) kg (P < 0.001, Jonckheere–Terpstra test. Weight loss in the severe group (G2 + G3) was 3.4 (0.5–5.8) kg [A, n = 12] and 5.6 (4.4–9) kg [T, n = 43] [P = 0.026, Mann–Whitney U test]. The lengths of hospital stay were 5 (2–7), 9 (7–15), and 18 (12–26) days [P < 0.001, Jonckheere–Terpstra test]. In our fluid restriction management, patients with severe COVID-19 had significant longer hospital length of stay, weight loss, especially those who were transferred to the hospital.
One-dimensional metal thiophosphate nanowires by cluster assembly
Authors: Shang Chanjuan , Zhao Yanyan , Su Yan , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun
Published: October 2022

The nanowires assembled from [PS4] clusters and group-IIIA or transition metal atoms with unique structural symmetry show diverse electronic and magnetic properties.
Cu-induced NiCu-P and NiCu-Pi with multilayered nanostructures as highly efficient electrodes for hydrogen production via urea electrolysis
Authors: Xu Xiao , Ji Shan , Wang Hui , Wang Xuyun , Linkov Vladimir , Wang Peng , Pan Lei , Wang Guoqiang , Wang Rongfang
Published: October 2022

The “Cu-induced Effect” can transform a thick structure into a multilayer nanostructure, and the materials show excellent catalytic performance in the field of electrolytic urea after gas phase treatment.
High chain-end fidelity in sono-RAFT polymerization
Authors: Padmakumar Amrish Kumar , Santha Kumar Arunjunai R. S. , Allison-Logan Stephanie , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Singha Nikhil K. , Qiao Greg G.
Published: October 2022

This study presents the preparation of well-defined multi-block copolymers and understanding of the chain-end fidelity of polymers prepared via sono-RAFT technique.
Antagonist elastic interactions tuning spin crossover and LIESST behaviours in FeII trinuclear-based one-dimensional chains
Authors: Pittala Narsimhulu , Cuza Emmelyne , Pinkowicz Dawid , Magott Michał , Marchivie Mathieu , Boukheddaden Kamel , Triki Smail
Published: October 2022

A new 1-D spin SCO coordination polymer based on FeII trinuclear units covalently linked by a flexible coligand has been reported as an unusual platform and model system for experimental study on the origin of the step-like feature in 1-D systems.
Ultrahigh-performance self-powered photodetectors based on hexagonal YbMnO3 ferroelectric thin films by the polarization-induced ripple effect
Authors: Zhang Shan , Gong Ao , Yang Xinxiang , Han Pei , Sun Ningning , Li Yong , Zhang Liwen , Hao Xihong
Published: October 2022

Ultrahigh photodetection performance is achieved in hexagonal YbMnO3-based self-powered photodetectors by tuning their domain and polarity interface through the sintering temperature.
Recent development of allyl–allyl cross-coupling and its application in natural product synthesis
Authors: Ravichandiran V. , Jana Anupam
Published: October 2022

This review summarises the significant advancements of allyl–allyl cross-coupling reaction that have provided access to a wide variety of 1,5 dienes and its application in natural product synthesis.
A J-aggregated nanoporphyrin overcoming phototoxic side effects in superior phototherapy with two-pronged effects
Authors: Yang Mengyao , Li Xingshu , Kim Gyoungmi , Wang Rui , Hong Seong-Jin , Lee Chang-Hee , Yoon Juyoung
Published: October 2022

J-aggregated nanoporphyrin (MTE) integrates minimal side effects and two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) and achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT).
Bulk heterojunction-induced ion transport in nanochannel arrays for light-enhanced osmotic energy conversion
Authors: He Youfeng , Zhang Liangqian , Guo Liang , Geng Yutong , Ren Yan , Liu You , Fan Xia , Liu Weimin , Zhai Jin , Wang Pengfei , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2022

A nanochannel array with ionic rectifying properties and excellent cation selectivity is presented. Under light irradiation, the bulk heterojunction-induced ionic current significantly increases the output power density.
Electrostatic self-assembly of MXene and carbon nanotube@MnO2 multilevel hybrids for achieving fast charge storage kinetics in aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Li Shulong , Peng Zhongyou , Huang Yuting , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: October 2022

A Ti3C2Tz/CNT@MnO2 film with a unique structure, strong interfacial interaction and synergy was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly for state-of-the-art aqueous supercapacitors.
A review onin vitro/in vivoresponse of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Authors: Alipour Saeid , Nour Shirin , Attari Seyyed Morteza , Mohajeri Mohammad , Kianersi Sogol , Taromian Farzaneh , Khalkhali Mohammadparsa , Aninwene George E. , Tayebi Lobat
Published: October 2022

This review paper introduced a novel 3B-based classification (Biofunctionality, Bioactivity, Biostability), which mainly governs native body response, to provide a comprehensive overview to examine thein vitroandin vivoresponses of additively manufactured Ti64 implants.
Parodontitis bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Münks Mirjam
Published: October 2022

Der Diabetes mellitus umschreibt ein heterogenes Erkrankungsspektrum mit einer chronischen Hyperglykämie. Eine seit 1998 erfolgte Schätzung ergibt eine annähernd konstante Gesamtprävalenz von 9,5 % 1. Mit etwa 95 % ist der Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 die häufigste Form und zeigt seit den 1960er Jahren eine steigende Prävalenz 2. Diabetes und die daraus resultierenden Folgeerkrankungen sind allzeit bekannt. Welche weiteren Erkrankungen kann die Volkskrankheit Diabetes jedoch noch begünstigen?
Gesteigerte Therapiemotivation durch innovative Virtual-Reality-Therapie
Authors: Stemick Judith , Kurth Julia , Saur Thomas
Published: October 2022

Immersive Virtuelle Realität (VR) bietet neue Möglichkeiten, die klassische Rehabilitation und Therapie zu ergänzen. Gerade im Bereich der Therapiemotivation kann eine gamifizierte virtuelle Umgebung den Patienten helfen, die benötigte Therapiefrequenz hochzuhalten. Eine Akzeptanzumfrage in der Stankt Mauritius Therapieklinik Meerbusch zeigte nach 200 ausgewerteten Therapiesitzungen mit dem System Cureo, dass 97 % der Patienten die VR-Therapie wiederholen würden. Nach Einschätzung der Therapeuten ist eine gesteigerte Therapiebereitschaft und Motivation bei 94,5 % der Patienten zu beobachten. 95,5 % der Patienten konnten die VR-Therapie nebenwirkungsfrei durchführen. Eine erfolgreiche Rehabilitation mittels VR-Therapie hängt zudem von einer idealen Integration in den klinischen Alltag ab. Dazu gehören gut geschultes Personal und eine passende Therapieumgebung. In dieser Arbeit werden 2 Beispiele aufgezeigt, zum einem in einem Krankenhaus in Berlin, zum anderen in einer niedergelassenen neurologischen Praxis.
Das Gesundheitswesen im Herbst 2022
Authors: Ulrich Volker
Published: October 2022

Auch wenn zumindest ein Teil der Bevölkerung von Corona im Moment nichts mehr
hören will, bleibt die Infektionslage doch angespannt. Bis September 2022
wurden in Deutschland mehr als 32 Mio. Infektionen mit dem SARS-CoV-2 Virus dem
Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI) gemeldet und mehr als 147.000 Todesfälle
registriert. Dass in Deutschland während der Pandemie mehr Menschen
versterben als in den Jahren davor, ist mittlerweile klar: 2016 bis 2019 starben
laut Statistischem Bundesamt im Schnitt 935.000 Menschen pro Jahr. 2020 waren es
985.000, 2021 etwas mehr als eine Million. Nicht für alle
überzähligen Todesfälle ist die Pandemie verantwortlich,
zudem sterben schon wegen der alternden Bevölkerung von Jahr zu Jahr mehr
Menschen. Allerdings zählte das RKI in den Jahren 2020 und 2021
deutschlandweit fast 115.000 an und mit Covid-19 Verstorbene. Es liegt also nahe,
dass die Pandemie für einen relevanten Teil der Übersterblichkeit
verantwortlich ist.
Automatische Analyse motorischer Symptome zuhause
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Mansow-Model Sebastian
Published: October 2022

Die Beobachtung und Behandlung von motorischen Symptomen ist für das Wohlbefinden von Parkinson-Patienten von entscheidender Bedeutung. Unter Laborbedingungen lassen sich diese Symptome akkurat messen, in der Routineversorgung konnte sich aber keine praktikable Lösung mit ausreichender Messqualität etablieren. Motognosis Amsa ist eine auf 3D-Kameras basierende Messsoftware zum Einsatz durch Parkinson-Patienten zuhause und könnte diese Lücke schließen. Die Validierung von Genauigkeit, klinischer Aussagekraft und Nutzbarkeit verlief positiv, Daten zur Langzeitnutzung werden erhoben.
Von Anämie bis Zuckerkrankheit
Authors: Galliardt Melanie , Betz Ulrich , Geber Christian
Published: October 2022

Menschen stürzen im Alter aus verschiedenen Gründen. Einfluss nehmen zum Beispiel das Geschlecht, kognitive Fähigkeiten oder das Schuhwerk. Für Therapierende gilt es die Risikofaktoren für einen Sturz zu erfassen und herauszufinden, welche Interventionsmöglichkeiten in Frage kommen.
Digitale Unterstützung in Diagnose und Management von Parkinsonerkrankungen
Authors: Henze Jasmin , Bisgin Pinar , Burmann Anja , Haubrich Christina
Published: October 2022

Zur Unterstützung der Früherkennung, Diagnose und Begleitung der Parkinson-Erkrankung wurde der ParkinsonCompanion entwickelt. Ziel des Systems ist es, erstmals nicht motorische Symptome der Parkinson-Erkrankung, d. h. Störungen des Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM)-Schlafes und des Vegetativums, in einem patientennahen Monitoring zu berücksichtigen.

Ergebnis ist ein modularer Demonstrator bestehend aus mobilem Messgerät mit gekoppeltem Tablet sowie einer Webapplikation für Patienten (App) mit begleitender Analysesoftware, welche die Analyse von vegetativen Funktionen, Schlaf, Bewegung und kognitiven Funktionen integriert.

Das Ergebnis ist die Kombination eines mobilen Messgeräts zum Schlafmonitoring nach den Kriterien der American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) mit Nachtkamera, neurovegetativen Tests sowie eines elektronischen Patienten-Tagebuches für zu Hause. Das Patienten-Tagebuch, die neurovegetative Diagnostik und das Schlafmonitoring könnten unabhängig voneinander zum Einsatz kommen.
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection using the water pressure method for diverticulum-associated lesions: A case series study (with video)
Authors: Masunaga Teppei , Kato Motohiko , Sasaki Motoki , Iwata Kentaro , Miyazaki Kurato , Kubosawa Yoko , Mizutani Mari , Takatori Yusaku , Matsuura Noriko , Nakayama Atsushi , Kaoru Takabayashi , Yahagi Naohisa
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of diverticulum-associated lesions is challenging because these lesions require precise excision in narrow spaces. The water pressure method (WPM) uses active water pressure by the waterjet function under saline solution-filled conditions. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of WPM for resection of diverticulum-associated lesions.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective, observational case series study. We reviewed diverticulum-associated lesions treated by ESD with WPM at our institution between June 2017 and July 2021. Diverticulum-associated lesions were classified as follows: type 1, lesions in contact with or within 3 mm of the edge of a diverticulum; type 2, lesions that partially infiltrated the interior of a diverticulum; and type 3, lesions that infiltrated the interior of and completely covered the diverticulum. We collected data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the lesions.

Results Seven diverticulum-associated lesions were treated with ESD using WPM. The median lesion size was 37 mm (interquartile range: 25–54 mm). There were three cases of type 1, three cases of type 2, and one case of type 3. Three lesions were resected circumventing the diverticulum, and four lesions involved resection of the diverticulum. The en bloc resection and R0 resection rates were 86 %. One patient had severe fibrosis, which caused perforation, and in another patient, the diverticulum was too deep and narrow to be completely isolated.

Conclusions WPM allowed for precise procedures in the diverticulum. The feasibility of WPM has been suggested for diverticulum-associated lesions, although cases have been complex.
Impacto da suspensão das cirurgias eletivas em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente no período da pandemia de covid-19
Authors: Castanheira Matheus Neves , Nardone Giovanni Salvatore , Luciano Rafael de Paiva , Leite Márcio Squassoni
Published: October 2022

Objetivos Neste estudo foram avaliadas as progressões radiográficas das curvas escolióticas, acima de 40 graus em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA). Os indivíduos analisados aguardavam o procedimento cirúrgico, em período de suspensão das cirurgias eletivas, durante a pandemia de covid-19. Além das progressões radiográficas, nesta pesquisa foi descrita a qualidade de vida destes pacientes.

Métodos O artigo refere-se a um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, que avaliou 29 pacientes com EIA com indicação cirúrgica, todos cadastrados no serviço público de saúde brasileiro. As medidas radiográficas escolióticas dos pacientes foram comparadas em dois momentos: no início do período da interrupção de cirurgias eletivas, devido à pandemia de covid-19, e logo após a liberação destas.

Resultados A partir da comparação das medidas radiográficas entre as avaliações pré e pós suspensão das cirurgias eletivas, observamos o aumento significativo dos valores angulares da curva principal (p < 0,001), com variações entre 0 e 68°, e mediana de 10°. Em relação às curvas secundárias, observamos um aumento dos valores angulares da região torácica proximal (p < 0,001) e lombar (p = 0,001). Entretanto, o aumento da região torácica principal não foi considerado significativo (p = 0,317).

Conclusão A suspensão das cirurgias eletivas, para a correção da EIA resultou em um aumento significativo no valor radiográfico das deformidades das colunas dos pacientes, fator que promoveu um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de pacientes e familiares.
Nerve Palsy following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Salandra Jonathan , Deliso Marisa , Tang Alex , Robbins Conner J. , Rao Juluru P.
Published: October 2022

The incidence of postoperative nerve palsy following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is reported to be 1 to 2%. The most common injury is to the sciatic nerve, but other nerve palsies including the femoral, obturator, and pudendal nerves, have been implicated. There is also an increased risk of nerve palsy following THA in female patients, those who undergo revision procedures, and those with a previous history of developmental hip dysplasia. The prognosis for recovery for each nerve palsy is directly correlated to the extent of nerve damage. Prevention is always the best form of treatment for these conditions, and one method by which this may be accomplished is through electromyography and other variations of intraoperative observation.
Bilateral Simultaneous Middle Cerebral Artery Mechanical Thrombectomy for Periprocedural Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Govindappa Sharath Kumar Goddu , M. Jayranganath , Jose John , M. Somashekar C , Adiga Chaitra Parameshwara
Published: October 2022

Mechanical thrombectomy has been described as the prompt procedure for emergent large vessel occlusion strokes resulting from cardioembolic events, arterial lesion-to-artery embolism, or from in situ atherosclerosis. This is the first reported case of an elderly woman who presented with bilateral paresis, progressive drowsiness, and dysarthria due to bilateral middle cerebral arterial occlusion, originating from the aortic valve, after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, leading to stroke. Despite intravenous thrombolysis being begun for this patient, it proved ineffective and she underwent mechanical thrombectomy, which led to complete revascularization of bilateral middle cerebral arteries following which she completely recovered without any deficits.
Below Knee Angioplasty Using Drug-Eluting Balloons in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia with Six Months Follow-Up: Single-Center Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rathod Jawahar , Sheorain Virender , Jaybhay Shivprasad , Shaikh Rajjat , Bangde Pratik
Published: October 2022

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate 6 monthly safety and primary patency rates of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) angioplasty in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries in critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients.

Methods A prospective observational study was conducted over 2 years in a tertiary care center. A total of 25 patients with CLI were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with CLI (Rutherford class 4 or greater), equal to or more than 50% luminal stenosis or occlusion of at least one tibial artery, and agreement to 6-month evaluation. Exclusion criteria were life expectancy less than 1 year, allergy to paclitaxel, and contraindication to antiplatelet treatment.

Follow-up was performed by clinical and Doppler assessment. The primary endpoint was a 6-month primary patency rate, and secondary endpoints were changes in the Rutherford class and incidence of major amputation. Restenosis rate is defined as a reduction in the luminal diameter by 50% or greater by duplex ultrasound.

Results Six-month primary patency was achieved in 19 (76%) patients. Both Rutherford category improvement and reduction in the percentage of stenosis after angioplasty were statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). At 6 months, better patency rates were seen among diabetics (88.8%) than smokers (69.2%). Limb salvage was observed in 24 (96%) patients with one major amputation (above the ankle).

Conclusion DEBs have shown safe and promising clinical outcomes with successful performance in infrapopliteal arteries in the short-term follow-up. DEB had a substantial 6-month primary patency rate. DEB angioplasty is a safe and effective treatment option for CLI patients with BTK vascular disease.
The effect of the price of time on healthcare provider choice in Ghana
Authors: Sarkodie Adu Owusu
Published: October 2022

The existing literature confirms that the cost of treatment affects the choice of a particular healthcare provider. The Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme was established in 2003 to reduce the cost of healthcare provision and increase access to healthcare. However, we find that that even when the price is assumed to be “zero”, there remain some economic costs for choosing a particular healthcare provider over the other. This is called the price of time or opportunity cost. The study uses data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) conducted in 2016/2017 and employs multinomial probit regression as the technique for the analysis. The study finds that travel time and waiting time have significant effects on the choice of healthcare provider. If travel time and waiting time increase by 1 h, it will decrease the probability of seeking healthcare by 12% and 17%, respectively. Travel cost was not found to have a significant effect. The recommendations are that policymakers should make the effort to decrease travel time and waiting time at the health facilities in the country to improve healthcare delivery.