bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chemistry of Silica Supported Chromium Ions Nitric Oxide Complexes and their Interaction with CO and Pyridine
Authors: Garrone Edoardo , Ghiotti Giovanna , Morterra Claudio , Zecchina Adriano
Published: March 2015

Three kinds of Cr(II) ions are present on CO reduced CrO3/SiO2 samples (labelled A, B. and C), having two, three and four oxygen ligands before chemisorption, respectively. The population of CrA, CrB and Crc on a standard sample is evaluated to be: 52%, 28%, 20%, respectively. The number of oxygen ligands determines the actual charge of the ions, increasing in the series A, B, and C, as well as the ability to coordinate further ligands. CrA (coinciding with that proposed by Krauss) yields, upon NO chemisorption, dinitrosylic species at an angle of 125°: the presence of a third coordinative vacancy at least allows coordination of CO leading to CrA(NO)2CO and of pyridine, leading simultaneously to CrA(NO)2Py and CrA(NO)Py2. This latter species may be converted into CrA(NO)Py. CrB (for which a structure slightly different from Krauss’ one is proposed) forms dinitrosylic species at an angle of 123°, with spectral features very close to those of Cr(III)(NO)2: no reaction occurs with CO, and, by pyridine adsorption, a CrB(NO)Py species is formed. Crc ions form, at low NO pressures, mononitrosylic species undergoing ligand displacement with either CO or pyridine; at high NO pressures,Crc(NO)2 species are formed, at an angle of 109°, which show no reactivity with CO and a displacement reaction with pyridine: a species Crc(NO)Py is however not formed. CrA and CrB behaviour is that of isolated species; Crc ions show, by the constant presence of shifts in the relevant NO frequencies upon NO coverage, that they are in electronic interaction.
Darstellung, Charakterisierung und Röntgenstrukturanalyse von η5 -Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-bis(methylsulfido)carbonylrhenium, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2 / Preparation, Characterization and X-Ray Structure Analysis of η5-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-bis(methylsulfido)carbonylrhenium, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2
Authors: Herberhold Max , Schmidkonz Bertram , Ziegler Manfred L. , Serhadle Orhan
Published: March 2015

Reaction of the tetrahydrofuran-stabilized 16-electron complex fragment [Cp*Re(CO)2] with dimethyl disulfide, MeSSMe, leads to the diamagnetic title compound, Cp*Re(CO)(SMe)2 , which was characterized by mass, IR and NMR spectra and by an X-ray crystal structure analysis**. The two methylsulfido ligands are bent (angles Re-S-CH3 114.1(3)°) and turned away from the Cp* ring. The Re - S-bond distances are 227.0(2) pm.
Über die Photolumineszenz von Oberflächenverbindungen des Molybdäns auf Silicagel / On the Photoluminescence of Molybdenum Surface Compounds on Silicagel Supports
Authors: Morys Peter , Schmerbeck Sabine
Published: March 2015

The UV induced photoluminescence (PL) of activated and reduced surface molybdenum compounds on silica gel has been studied at various concentrations of the products under He and Ar and at various temperatures from R.T. to 10 K. With the activated molybdenum(VI) compounds, four different types of broad band emissions were observed and assigned to definite surface species of Mo(VI): A blue PL occurring mainly at T > -90 °C, two "white" emissions with different spectral excitation regions and Stokes shifts appearing very strongly under He or vacuum below T < -90 °C and a yellow PL occurring with the products under Ar, N2 or C02 instead of the "white" ones.

While the blue PL was ascribed to an octahedrally coordinated surface species (Moc1), the two "white" emissions were attributed to two tetrahedrally coordinated surface species, the first one (MoX1) being monomeric and bonded directly to the surface, the second one (Mo^1) being bonded to a polymolybdate cluster and excited via that cluster; the yellow PL was postulated to originate from a MOB1-Ar Van der Waals complex.

At 10 K the "white" PL of the polymeric MOB1 species showed a faint vibronic fine structure; the emission time constant was measured to be 5 ms.

With the reduced compounds, only one PL was observed attributable to the monomeric MoX1 species. Hence this species was concluded to be the only one not or not completely being reducible.
Übergangsmetall-substituierte Diphosphene, VI [1]Zur Reaktivität von Diphosphenylkomplexen des Eisens und Rutheniums gegenüber Tetracarbonylnickel / Transition Metal Substituted Diphosphenes, VI [1] On the Reactivity of Diphosphenyl Complexes of Iron and Ruthenium towards Tetracarbonyl Nickel
Authors: Weber Lothar , Meine Georg
Published: March 2015

The diphosphenyl complexes (?/ 5 -CsMe0(CO 2)M-P = P-Ar (8) (M = Fe, Ru; Ar = 2,4,6-rm-BU,C 6 H 2) react with excess Ni(CO) 4 to yield the adducts (77 5 -C 5 Me 5)(CO) 2 M[Ni(CO) 3 ]P=PAr (9). The products have been characterized by elemental analysis as well as by spectroscopic data (IR. 'H, 13 C, 31 P NMR).
Synthese und spektroskopische Charakterisierung neuer Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titan(IV)thiolat-Komplexe des Typs CpTi(SR)n(Cl)3-n mit n = 1, 2, 3 / Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) Thiolate Complexes of the Type CpTi(SR)n(Cl)3-n n =1,2,3
Authors: Klapötke Thomas , Laskowski Regina , Köpf Hartmut
Published: March 2015

The mono(cyclopentadienyl)titan(IV)thiolat-Komplexe des Typs CpTi(SR)"(Cl) 3 _ n mit n = 1, 2, 3 Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) Thiolate Complexes of the Type CpTi(SR)"(Cl) 3 _", n =1,2,3 Cyclopentadienyl-dichloro-thiolato-titanium(IV) Complexes, Cyclopentadienyl-chloro-bis(thiolato)-titanium(IV) Complexes, Cyclopentadienyl-tris(thiolato)-titanium(IV) Complexes The mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) derivatives CpTi(SR)Cl-> (Cp = ?7 5 -C 5 H 5 ; R = QF S , C 6 H 4 Cl-p, C 6 H 4 Br-p, C6H4CH3-O, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -p, C 6 H", C,H,)\ Cp'Ti(SR)Cl 2 (Cp' = >7 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 3 ; R = C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 4 C1 -p, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -o, C 6 H 4 CH 3 -/>), CpTi(SR) 2 Cl (R = C 6 H 5), Cp'Ti(l,2-S 2 C 6 H 3 CH 3 -4)Cl, and CpTi(SR) 3 (R = C 6 H 5) were prepared by reaction of CpTiCl 3 or Cp'TiCl 3 with equivalent amounts of the appropriate lithium thiolates, or with the free thiol and triethylamine, respectively. The new thiolate complexes were characterized by 'H NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Indobine — a New Alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina Benth
Authors: Siddiqui Salimuzzaman , Haider S. Imtiaz , Ahmad S. Salman
Published: March 2015

Indobine. Rauwolfia serpentina A new alkaloid indobine has been isolated from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina obtained from Thailand and its structure was determined as benzylester of indole propionic acid through chemical and spectroscopic studies.
Notiz zu einer Reaktion von Alkoholen mit dem phasentransfer-katalytischen Dichlorcarbensystem (Anwendungen der Phasentransfer-Katalyse, Teil 36 [1]) / Notice on a Reaction of Alcohols with the Phase Transfer Catalytic Dichlorocarbene System (Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis, Part 36 [1])
Authors: Dehmlow Eckehard V. , Neuhaus Rainer
Published: March 2015

1.2-Dialkoxytetrachlorocyclopropanes, ortho Esters Primary aliphatic alcohols and HCCl 3 /NaOH/ catalyst yield stereoisomeric 1,2-dialkoxytetra-chlorocyclopropanes 4 and 5, benzyl and phenethyl alcohol give orthoformates (1). Compounds 4 suffer rearrangement/hydrolysis at 120 °C yielding 3-alkoxv-2,3-dichloroacrylates (6).
Freisetzung von Schwefelmonoxid aus seinen Komplexverbindungen [1] / Liberation of Sulfur Monoxide from its Coordination Compounds [1]
Authors: Schenk Wolfdieter A. , Leißner Johanna
Published: March 2015

The complexes [M(P/Pr 3) 2 (SO)Cl] (M = Rh, Ir) react with CO under mild conditions to give free SO which is trapped by cycloaddition to an ortho-quinone.
Differential Combinatorial Coding of Pheromones in Two Olfactory Subsystems of the Honey Bee Brain
Authors: Carcaud Julie , Giurfa Martin , Sandoz Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2015

Neural coding of pheromones has been intensively studied in insects with a particular focus on sex pheromones. These studies favored the view that pheromone compounds are processed within specific antennal lobe glomeruli following a specialized labeled-line system. However, pheromones play crucial roles in an insect's life beyond sexual attraction, and some species use many different pheromones making such a labeled-line organization unrealistic. A combinatorial coding scheme, in which each component activates a set of broadly tuned units, appears more adapted in this case. However, this idea has not been tested thoroughly. We focused here on the honey beeApis mellifera, a social insect that relies on a wide range of pheromones to ensure colony cohesion. Interestingly, the honey bee olfactory system harbors two central parallel pathways, whose functions remain largely unknown. Using optophysiological recordings of projection neurons, we compared the responses of these two pathways to 27 known honey bee pheromonal compounds emitted by the brood, the workers, and the queen. We show that while queen mandibular pheromone is processed by l-ALT (lateral antennal lobe tract) neurons and brood pheromone is mainly processed by m-ALT (median antennal lobe tract) neurons, worker pheromones induce redundant activity in both pathways. Moreover, all tested pheromonal compounds induce combinatorial activity from several AL glomeruli. These findings support the combinatorial coding scheme and suggest that higher-order brain centers reading out these combinatorial activity patterns may eventually classify olfactory signals according to their biological meaning.
κ Opioid Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediate Escalation of Methamphetamine Intake
Authors: Whitfield Timothy W. , Schlosburg Joel E. , Wee Sunmee , Gould Adam , George Olivier , Grant Yanabel , Zamora-Martinez Eva R. , Edwards Scott , Crawford Elena , Vendruscolo Leandro F. , Koob George F.
Published: March 2015

Given that the κ opioid receptor (KOR) system has been implicated in psychostimulant abuse, we evaluated whether the selective KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine dihydrochloride (nor-BNI) would attenuate the escalation of methamphetamine (METH) intake in an extended-access self-administration model. Systemic nor-BNI decreased the escalation of intake of long-access (LgA) but not short-access (ShA) self-administration. nor-BNI also decreased elevated progressive-ratio (PR) breakpoints in rats in the LgA condition and continued to decrease intake after 17 d of abstinence, demonstrating that the effects of a nor-BNI injection are long lasting. Rats with an ShA history showed an increase in prodynorphin immunoreactivity in both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, but LgA animals showed a selective increase in the NAc shell. Other cohorts of rats received nor-BNI directly into the NAc shell or core and entered into ShA or LgA. nor-BNI infusion in the NAc shell, but not NAc core, attenuated escalation of intake and PR responding for METH in LgA rats. These data indicate that the development and/or expression of compulsive-like responding for METH under LgA conditions depends on activation of the KOR system in the NAc shell and suggest that the dynorphin–KOR system is a central component of the neuroplasticity associated with negative reinforcement systems that drive the dark side of addiction.
Removal of Perineuronal Nets in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Impairs the Acquisition and Reconsolidation of a Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Memory
Authors: Slaker Megan , Churchill Lynn , Todd Ryan P. , Blacktop Jordan M. , Zuloaga Damian G. , Raber Jacob , Darling Rebecca A. , Brown Travis E. , Sorg Barbara A.
Published: March 2015

Pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) critically contribute to cocaine-seeking behavior in humans and rodents. Activity of these neurons is significantly modulated by GABAergic, parvalbumin-containing, fast-spiking interneurons, the majority of which are enveloped by specialized structures of extracellular matrix called perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are integral to the maintenance of many types of plasticity. Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, we found that removal of PNNs primarily from the prelimbic region of the mPFC of adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats impaired the acquisition and reconsolidation of a cocaine-induced CPP memory. This impairment was accompanied by a decrease in the number of c-Fos-positive cells surrounded by PNNs. Following removal of PNNs, the frequency of inhibitory currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons was decreased; but following cocaine-induced CPP, both frequency and amplitude of inhibitory currents were decreased. Our findings suggest that cocaine-induced plasticity is impaired by removal of prelimbic mPFC PNNs and that PNNs may be a therapeutic target for disruption of cocaine CPP memories.
Dual-Channel Circuit Mapping Reveals Sensorimotor Convergence in the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Hooks Bryan M. , Lin John Y. , Guo Caiying , Svoboda Karel
Published: March 2015

Cortical cells integrate synaptic input from multiple sources, but how these different inputs are distributed across individual neurons is largely unknown. Differences in input might account for diverse responses in neighboring neurons during behavior. We present a strategy for comparing the strengths of multiple types of input onto the same neuron. We developed methods for independent dual-channel photostimulation of synaptic inputs using ChR2 together with ReaChR, a red-shifted channelrhodopsin. We used dual-channel photostimulation to probe convergence of sensory information in the mouse primary motor cortex. Input from somatosensory cortex and thalamus converges in individual neurons. Similarly, inputs from distinct somatotopic regions of the somatosensory cortex are integrated at the level of single motor cortex neurons. We next developed a ReaChR transgenic mouse under the control of both Flp- and Cre-recombinases that is an effective tool for circuit mapping. Our approach to dual-channel photostimulation enables quantitative comparison of the strengths of multiple pathways across all length scales of the brain.
VGluT3-Expressing CCK-Positive Basket Cells Construct Invaginating Synapses Enriched with Endocannabinoid Signaling Proteins in Particular Cortical and Cortex-Like Amygdaloid Regions of Mouse Brains
Authors: Omiya Yuki , Uchigashima Motokazu , Konno Kohtarou , Yamasaki Miwako , Miyazaki Taisuke , Yoshida Takayuki , Kusumi Ichiro , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: March 2015

Invaginating synapses in the basal amygdala are a unique type of GABAergic synapses equipped with molecular-anatomical organization specialized for 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated endocannabinoid signaling. Cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive basket cell terminals protrude into pyramidal cell somata and form invaginating synapses, where apposing presynaptic and postsynaptic elements are highly loaded with cannabinoid receptor CB1or 2-AG synthetic enzyme diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGLα), respectively. The present study scrutinized their neurochemical and neuroanatomical phenotypes in adult mouse telencephalon. In the basal amygdala, vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (VGluT3) was transcribed in one-fourth of CB1-expressing GABAergic interneurons. The majority of VGluT3-positive CB1-expressing basket cell terminals apposed DGLα clusters, whereas the majority of VGluT3-negative ones did not. Importantly, VGluT3-positive basket cell terminals selectively constructed invaginating synapses. GABAAreceptors accumulated on the postsynaptic membrane of invaginating synapses, whereas metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) was widely distributed on the somatodendritic surface of pyramidal cells. Moreover, CCK2receptor (CCK2R) was highly transcribed in pyramidal cells. In cortical regions, pyramidal cells equipped with such VGluT3/CB1/DGLα-accumulated invaginating synapses were found at variable frequencies depending on the subregions. Therefore, in addition to extreme proximity of CB1- and DGLα-loaded presynaptic and postsynaptic elements, tripartite transmitter phenotype of GABA/glutamate/CCK is the common neurochemical feature of invaginating synapses, suggesting that glutamate, CCK, or both can promote 2-AG synthesis through activating Gαq/11protein-coupled mGluR5and CCK2R. These molecular configurations led us to hypothesize that invaginating synapses might be evolved to provide some specific mechanisms of induction, regulation, and cooperativity for 2-AG-mediated retrograde signaling in particular cortical and cortex-like amygdaloid regions.
Time Context of Cue-Outcome Associations Represented by Neurons in Perirhinal Cortex
Authors: Eradath Manoj Kumar , Mogami Tsuguo , Wang Gang , Tanaka Keiji
Published: March 2015

The perirhinal cortex (PRh), which has extensive connections with diverse brain sites, may contribute to semantic memory by associating various types of information about objects. However, the extent of the types of associations in which PRh participates is unknown. In the present study, we let monkeys experience a consistent contingency between visual cues and different types of outcomes (water reward and sound-only acknowledgment) in a particular time context for many days and then recorded neuronal activities from PRh and area TE, which is the major source of visual inputs to PRh. We found that PRh cells represented the outcome type in their responses to the visual cues only in the time context in which the monkeys had experienced the cue-outcome contingency. In contrast, TE cells represented the outcome information whenever the cue appeared (i.e., independently from the related time context). These results showed that PRh cells represented not only the cue-outcome contingency but also the time context in which the monkeys had experienced the contingency. We conclude that PRh is not specific to the representation of sensory and associative properties of objects themselves but may represent broader information about objects, including the time context in which the objects are associated with particular outcomes.
From the principles of genomic data sharing to the practices of data access committees
Authors: Shabani Mahsa , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Borry Pascal
Published: March 2015

Sharing genomic research data through controlled‐access databases has increased in recent years. Policymakers and funding organizations endorse genomic data sharing in order to optimize the use of public funds and to increase the statistical power of databases. Well‐established data access arrangements and data access committees (DACs)—responsible for reviewing and managing requests for access to genomic databases—are therefore central for implementing the policies and principles of data sharing. This article aims to investigate the functionality of DACs through the perspective of existing practices.
Antisense‐mediated exon skipping: a therapeutic strategy for titin‐based dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gramlich Michael , Pane Luna Simona , Zhou Qifeng , Chen Zhifen , Murgia Marta , Schötterl Sonja , Goedel Alexander , Metzger Katja , Brade Thomas , Parrotta Elvira , Schaller Martin , Gerull Brenda , Thierfelder Ludwig , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Labeit Siegfried , Atherton John J , McGaughran Julie , Harvey Richard P , Sinnecker Daniel , Mann Matthias , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Moretti Alessandra
Published: March 2015

Frameshift mutations in the TTN gene encoding titin are a major cause for inherited forms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart disease characterized by ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and progressive heart failure. To date, there are no specific treatment options for DCM patients but heart transplantation. Here, we show the beneficial potential of reframing titin transcripts by antisense oligonucleotide (AON)‐mediated exon skipping in human and murine models of DCM carrying a previously identified autosomal‐dominant frameshift mutation in titin exon 326. Correction of TTN reading frame in patient‐specific cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells rescued defective myofibril assembly and stability and normalized the sarcomeric protein expression. AON treatment in Ttn knock‐in mice improved sarcomere formation and contractile performance in homozygous embryos and prevented the development of the DCM phenotype in heterozygous animals. These results demonstrate that disruption of the titin reading frame due to a truncating DCM mutation can be restored by exon skipping in both patient cardiomyocytes in vitro and mouse heart in vivo, indicating RNA‐based strategies as a potential treatment option for DCM.
FGFR1 and PROKR2 rare variants found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies
Authors: Correa Fernanda A , Trarbach Ericka B , Tusset Cintia , Latronico Ana Claudia , Montenegro Luciana R , Carvalho Luciani R , Franca Marcela M , Otto Aline P , Costalonga Everlayny F , Brito Vinicius N , Abreu Ana Paula , Nishi Mirian Y , Jorge Alexander A L , Arnhold Ivo J P , Sidis Yisrael , Pitteloud Nelly , Mendonca Berenice B
Published: March 2015

The genetic aetiology of congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is not entirely elucidated. FGFR1 and PROKR2 loss-of-function mutations are classically involved in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), however, due to the clinical and genetic overlap of HH and CH; these genes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CH. Using a candidate gene approach, we screened 156 Brazilian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) for loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 and PROKR2. We identified three FGFR1 variants (p.Arg448Trp, p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser) in four unrelated patients (two males) and two PROKR2 variants (p.Arg85Cys and p.Arg248Glu) in two unrelated female patients. Five of the six patients harbouring the variants had a first-degree relative that was an unaffected carrier of it. Results of functional studies indicated that the new FGFR1 variant p.Arg448Trp is a loss-of-function variant, while p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser present signalling activity similar to the wild-type form. Regarding PROKR2 variants, results from previous functional studies indicated that p.Arg85Cys moderately compromises receptor signalling through both MAPK and Ca2+ pathways while p.Arg248Glu decreases calcium mobilization but has normal MAPK activity. The presence of loss-of-function variants of FGFR1 and PROKR2 in our patients with CPHD is indicative of an adjuvant and/or modifier effect of these rare variants on the phenotype. The presence of the same variants in unaffected relatives implies that they cannot solely cause the phenotype. Other associated genetic and/or environmental modifiers may play a role in the aetiology of this condition.
Transcription of Nrdp1 by the androgen receptor is regulated by nuclear filamin A in prostate cancer
Authors: Savoy Rosalinda M , Chen Liqun , Siddiqui Salma , Melgoza Frank U , Durbin-Johnson Blythe , Drake Christiana , Jathal Maitreyee K , Bose Swagata , Steele Thomas M , Mooso Benjamin A , D'Abronzo Leandro S , Fry William H , Carraway Kermit L , Mudryj Maria , Ghosh Paramita M
Published: March 2015

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR); however, patients undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for disseminated PCa eventually develop castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Results of previous studies indicated thatAR, a transcription factor, occupies distinct genomic loci in CRPC compared with hormone-naïve PCa; however, the cause of this distinction was unknown. The E3 ubiquitin ligaseNrdp1is a model AR target modulated by androgens in hormone-naïve PCa but not in CRPC. UsingNrdp1, we investigated how AR switches transcription programs during CRPC progression. The proximalNrdp1promoter contains an androgen response element (ARE); we demonstrated AR binding to this ARE in androgen-sensitive PCa. Analysis of hormone-naive human prostatectomy specimens revealed correlation betweenNrdp1and AR expression, supporting AR regulation of NRDP1 levels in androgen-sensitive tissue. However, despite sustained AR levels, AR binding to theNrdp1promoter andNrdp1expression were suppressed in CRPC. Elucidation of the suppression mechanism demonstrated correlation of NRDP1 levels with nuclear localization of the scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) which, as we previously showed, is itself repressed following ADT in many CRPC tumors. Restoration of nuclear FLNA in CRPC stimulated AR binding toNrdp1ARE, increased its transcription, and augmented NRDP1 protein expression and responsiveness to ADT, indicating that nuclear FLNA controls AR-mediated androgen-sensitiveNrdp1transcription. Expression of other AR-regulated genes lost in CRPC was also re-established by nuclear FLNA. Thus, our results indicate that nuclear FLNA promotes androgen-dependent AR-regulated transcription in PCa, while loss of nuclear FLNA in CRPC alters the AR-regulated transcription program.
The Evolutionarily Stable Distribution of Fitness Effects
Authors: Rice Daniel P , Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M
Published: March 2015

The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations is a key parameter in determining the course of evolution. This fact has motivated extensive efforts to measure the DFE or to predict it from first principles. However, just as the DFE determines the course of evolution, the evolutionary process itself constrains the DFE. Here, we analyze a simple model of genome evolution in a constant environment in which natural selection drives the population toward a dynamic steady state where beneficial and deleterious substitutions balance. The distribution of fitness effects at this steady state is stable under further evolution and provides a natural null expectation for the DFE in a population that has evolved in a constant environment for a long time. We calculate how the shape of the evolutionarily stable DFE depends on the underlying population genetic parameters. We show that, in the absence of epistasis, the ratio of beneficial to deleterious mutations of a given fitness effect obeys a simple relationship independent of population genetic details. Finally, we analyze how the stable DFE changes in the presence of a simple form of diminishing-returns epistasis.
Journalism and Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia: Five Approaches
Authors: Steele Janet
Published: March 2015

Although the principles of journalism –truth, verification, balance, and independence from power– are arguably universal, they are interpreted through the prisms of local culture.  Five news organizations in Indonesia and Malaysia suggest a variety of approaches to understanding the relationship between journalism and Islam. Whereas writers at Indonesia’s Sabili magazine were selected based on their experience in the tarbīyah or education movement, at Republika (an Indonesian newspaper established to serve the Muslim community), journalistic skills are more important than outward demonstrations of piety.  Muslim journalists at the two most liberal of these publications, Indonesia’s Tempo magazine and Malaysia’s news-portal Malaysiakini, see their work in substantive rather than scripturalist terms, and editors of Harakah, the newspaper of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic party, are outspoken champions of freedom of expression. These varied approaches suggest there is much to be learned from the influence of Islam on the practice of journalism in Southeast Asia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i3.1218
La curva de Beveridge en España: nueva evidencia para el período 2000-2011
Authors: Villaverde José , Maza Adolfo , Hierro María
Published: March 2015

Este trabajo aborda el estudio de la relación entre vacantes y desempleo para la economía española. En primer lugar se examina el marco teórico, la conocida curva de Beveridge. Luego, con distintas especificaciones y métodos de estimación por cuestiones de robustez, se estima dicha curva durante el período 2000-2011. Los resultados muestran la validez de la curva de Beveridge y un pronunciado desplazamiento de esta en los últimos años. Se puede decir, por tanto, que el desempleo de carácter estructural ha ganado importancia con la crisis económica.
Evolución de la estructura socioeconómica de la región pampeana argentina. El proceso de concentración de la producción en el período 1988-2008
Authors: Fernández Diego Ariel
Published: March 2015

Este artículo repasa la historia de la estructura socioeconómica de la región pampeana argentina en el período posterior al final de la década de 1980. El objetivo es enmarcar, analizar y comprender lo ocurrido en los tiempos más recientes, en la primera década del siglo XXI. La evidencia procesada permite concluir que la fuerte aceleración del proceso de concentración de la producción que se produjo en los años previos extiende sus efectos al nuevo período. Asimismo, se consolida una nueva estrategia en el crecimiento de la gran empresa, que es la de ganar escalas mediante el arrendamiento.
Problemas persistentes de las economías capitalistas
Authors: García-Molina Mario
Published: March 2015

Los artículos de este número tratan sobre problemas recurrentes en las economías capitalistas, tales como la crisis, la concentración, el desempleo y las desigualdades.Desde su origen, el capitalismo ha enfrentado crisis de manera recurrente. Aunque para algunos las crisis parecieran indicar el fin del sistema, la capacidad recurrente del sistema para sobrevivir sirve también de ejemplo para una posición distinta, a saber que las crisis son parte inherente del comportamiento del sistema. A diferencia de los enfoques de equilibrio, la visión del sistema económico como inestable y conflictivo por naturaleza nos da una visión más compleja de la economía en la que las soluciones a los problemas dejan de ser mecánicas.Con la crisis internacional reciente cobran preponderancia otros elementos similares en los que se manifiestan las contradicciones del sistema. El número 64 de Cuadernos de Economía se concentra en algunos de estos problemas recurrentes del desarrollo del capitalismo, tales como las crisis, la concentración, la desigualdad, las relaciones internacionales desequilibradas y el empleo. Hay un cierto énfasis en el caso argentino, pero la temática es de interés para otros países en desarrollo y para el estudio de las crisis en general. De todos modos, varios de los artículos son teóricos o conceptuales y aplicables a diversos tipos de países.
Interação entre salinidade e bioestimulante no crescimento inicial de pinhão-manso
Authors: Oliveira Francisco de A. de , Guedes Rodolfo A. A. , Gomes Lucas P. , Bezerra Francisco M. S. , Lima Luan A. , Oliveira Mychelle K. T. de
Published: March 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar a interação entre salinidade e o uso de bioestimulante sobre o crescimento inicial de pinhão-manso. O experimento foi desenvolvido nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2012, na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, em Mossoró, RN, utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4. Os tratamentos foram obtidos da combinação de dois níveis de sais da água de irrigação (0,5 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro intervalos de aplicação de bioestimulante (I1 – Ausência; I2 - 7 dias; I3 - 14 dias; I4 – 21 dias). Utilizou-se o fitorregulador comercial Stimulate® 10X, na concentração padrão de 18 mL L-1 de solução e se avaliaram as seguintes variáveis: altura, diâmetro do caule, comprimento da raiz principal, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca de folhas, massa seca de caule, massa seca de raiz, massa seca total e razão massa seca da parte aérea/massa seca de raiz. O estresse salino provocou redução em todas as variáveis avaliadas e inibiu o efeito do bioestimulante nos intervalos utilizados. O uso de Stimulate® 10X não inibiu o efeito deletério da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o crescimento inicial do pinhão-manso.
Crescimento de combinações copa - porta-enxerto de citros sob estresse hídrico em casa de vegetação
Authors: Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Brito Marcos E. B. , Fernandes Pedro D. , Lima Geovani S. de , Soares Filho Walter dos S. , Oliveira Filho Eliamara S. de
Published: March 2015

Neste trabalho se propôs identificar combinações entre variedades copas e porta-enxertos que apresentem melhores respostas ao estresse hídrico, desde o crescimento inicial até o início da floração. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (4 x 2 x 2), sendo quatro níveis de água [50, 75, 100 (testemunha) e 125% da evapotranspiração real aplicados em duas variedades copa de citros enxertadas em dois porta-enxertos: limoeiro 'Cravo Santa Cruz' (Citrus limonia Osbeck) e híbrido trifoliado HTR-069. A redução na lâmina de água aplicada comprometeu o crescimento em número de folhas, diâmetro de caule do porta-enxerto, diâmetro de caule na linha de enxertia e diâmetro de caule da copa tal como a fitomassa seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Para a condição de estresse hídrico mudas enxertadas em limoeiro 'Cravo' apresentaram melhor desenvolvimento quando irrigadas com lâminas correspondentes a 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração real. A limeira ácida 'Tahiti CNPMF-2001' apresentou maior produção de fitomassa seca da parte aérea e das raízes sob estresse hídrico. O híbrido HTR-069 determinou redução no tamanho das copas nele enxertadas.
Armazenamento do crambe em diferentes embalagens e ambientes: Parte II - Qualidades química
Authors: Donadon Juliana R. , Bessa Jaqueline F. V. , Resende Osvaldo , Castro Carlos F. de S. , Alves Rosa M. V. , Silveira Eduardo V.
Published: March 2015

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens, ambientes e do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes de crambe. O crambe, com teor de água de 4,63% (b.u.), foi embalado em garrafas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), em garrafas reutilizadas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e em embalagens laminadas as quais foram armazenadas nos ambientes: refrigerado a 10 ± 1,19 °C e 34,84 ± 4,09% de umidade relativa (UR) e natural a 24,81 ± 1,82 °C e 54,93 ± 12,77% de umidade relativa (AN). Avaliaram-se, durante nove meses, o teor de óleo e de proteína bruta, os índices de acidez, peróxido e iodo, pH e acidez em álcool solúvel. As sementes acondicionadas em embalagem laminada no AN apresentaram maior teor de proteína bruta no 3° mês e as em AR, maiores índices de peróxido, nos 3° e 6° meses. Em AR, as sementes em embalagens de PEAD apresentaram menor acidez em álcool solúvel. Os teores de proteína bruta e de óleo diminuíram durante o armazenamento, o índice de peróxido e o pH aumentaram e o índice de iodo apresentou variação nos valores. No final do armazenamento os valores de acidez em álcool solúvel eram semelhantes aos do início. O índice de acidez não sofreu interferência das variáveis estudadas.
Cinética de secagem de folhas de timbó (Serjania marginata Casar)
Authors: Martins Elton A. S. , Lage Eduardo Z. , Goneli André L. D. , Hartmann Filho Cesar P. , Lopes Jéssica G.
Published: March 2015

Propôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de timbó (Serjania marginata Casar) e ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos valores experimentais de razão de umidade. As folhas de timbó foram colhidas com teor de água inicial de 2,03 ± 0,10 decimal b.s., sendo submetidas à secagem sob condições controladas de temperatura (40, 50, 60 e 70 ºC), até o teor de água de 0,08 ± 0,02 decimal b.s. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados dez modelos matemáticos utilizados para representação da secagem de produtos agrícolas. Com base nos resultados obtidos o modelo matemático de Midilli é o que melhor representa a cinética de secagem para as folhas de timbó. O aumento da temperatura promove: uma taxa maior de remoção de água nas folhas de timbó durante a secagem; aumento do coeficiente de difusão efetivo sendo que esta relação pode ser descrita pela equação de Arrhenius que apresenta uma energia de ativação para a difusão líquida durante a secagem de 81,39 kJ mol-1 para as folhas de timbó; aumento da energia livre de Gibbs, enquanto a entalpia e a entropia decrescem.
Estoque de carbono e atributos físicos de um Latossolo em cronossequência sob diferentes manejos
Authors: Rossetti Karina de V. , Centurion José F.
Published: March 2015

Propôs, neste trabalho, determinar o efeito do sistema plantio direto (SPD) sob diferentes anos de implantação e do preparo convencional (SPC) cultivados por dois anos agrícolas, com soja e milho, sobre os estoques de carbono e atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho em comparação com a mata nativa. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas (cinco tratamentos e três camadas), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos em 2008/09 foram: SPD com 5 (SPD5), SPD com 7 (SPD7), SPD com 9 (SPD9) anos de implantação, SPC e uma área de mata nativa (MN). Os tratamentos se estenderam para o ano de 2009/10, assim identificados: SPD6, SPD8, SPD10 e SPC e MN; as camadas de solo estudadas foram: 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maioria dos tratamentos manteve o teor do estoque de carbono (EC) durante a transição da camada superficial para a subsuperficial. O maior EC foi mais pronunciado na camada superficial na qual os SPD9 e SPD10 foram os mais relevantes em comparação com os demais sistemas conservacionistas.
Diferentes formas de aplicação da semente de Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água
Authors: Arantes Camila C. , Paterniani José E. S. , Rodrigues Danielle S. , Hatori Patrícia S. , Pires Marta S. G.
Published: March 2015

Coagulantes naturais e sistemas de filtração são tecnologias de tratamento de água, indicadas para comunidades rurais ou isoladas. Este estudo objetivou comparar duas formas de aplicação de coagulante extraído de sementes de Moringa oleifera. Utilizaram-se o coagulante líquido (10 mL L-1 a 20 g L-1) e sachê contendo 0,8 g de pó de sementes de Moringa oleifera. Após as etapas de dispersão da proteína presente nas sementes de Moringa oleifera, coagulação e floculação efetuaram-se pré-filtração ascendente e filtração lenta. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre o uso do coagulante líquido e sachê na redução de turbidez e cor aparente. Com o uso dos sachês o pré-filtro foi menos eficiente notando-se reduções médias de turbidez igual 73 e 83% para os sachês e coagulante líquido, respectivamente. No filtro lento verificou-se redução média de 84 e 60% com o uso de sachês e coagulante líquido, respectivamente. Considerando todo o sistema de filtração, o uso dos sachês resultou em elevados percentuais de redução de turbidez e cor aparente; além de que seu preparo não requer o uso de água, condição que favorece sua aplicação em regiões em que há escassez de água com qualidade.
Rentabilidade na semeadura cruzada da cultura da soja
Authors: Silva Paulo R. A. , Tavares Leandro A. F. , Sousa Saulo F. G. de , Correia Tiago P. da S. , Riquetti Neilor B.
Published: March 2015

O plantio cruzado da soja consiste em semear a área em duas passadas de modo que a segunda fique perpendicular à primeira, formando um tabuleiro de xadrez. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e os custos de produção da cultura da soja quando semeada em diferentes arranjos de semeadura cruzada. O experimento foi realizado nas safras 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, em área cultivada em sistema de plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 5 tratamentos e 8 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: semeadura em linhas paralelas com adubação e população de plantas recomendada; semeadura cruzada com população e adubo em dobro; semeadura cruzada com população recomendada e adubo em dobro; semeadura cruzada com população em dobro e adubação recomendada; semeadura cruzada com população de plantas e adubo recomendado. Os resultados mostraram maior produtividade para o tratamento de semeadura cruzada com população de plantas em dobro e adubo recomendado; apesar disto, a semeadura convencional em linhas paralelas apresenta maior receita líquida do que a semeadura cruzada da soja sendo, então, mais rentável para o produtor.
O manuscrito e o iconográfico em cartões-postais belicosos: da apologia cavalheiresca à contestação da Grande Guerra (1914-1918) na França
Authors: Stancik Marco Antonio
Published: March 2015

O trabalho analisa mensagens transmitidas por cartões-postais produzidos e circulados na França no contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), apresentando temática associada ao conflito. O objetivo é contrapor as mensagens iconográficas e textuais neles impressas à quelas que foram manuscritas por seus remetentes, de modo a evidenciar formas de expressão e percepções do conflito, conforme empregadas por civis e militares, em diferentes momentos de seu desenvolvimento.
Religiosidade e suas manifestações no espaço urbano de Salvador
Authors: Flexor Maria Helena Ochi
Published: March 2015

O Brasil foi descoberto e ocupado sob a égide do cristianismo, reforçado pelo movimento da Contrarreforma Católica. Promovida pela Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana, opunha-se à Reforma Protestante, reafirmava o uso das imagens e ditava uma série de normas a serem seguidas pelos fiéis, expressas nas Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia, de 1707. A Contrarreforma enfatizou a importância das manifestações públicas de fé, a maior participação da população nas coisas da Igreja. As procissões foram o exemplo típico dessas manifestações, promovidas, especialmente, pelas Irmandades e/ou ordens terceiras leigas. Nas procissões, ou cenários públicos de fé, as imagens das figuras santas e festas barrocas tiveram um papel primordial. Dentre elas, se resgatou um uso medieval das marionetes - acrescido da dramaticidade tirada do teatro de ópera -, transformadas em imagens de roca e de vestir. Estas constituíram, sobretudo no século XVIII, instrumentos eficientes para despertar a fé de leigos e religiosos. As ruas e praças - do antigo centro histórico da cidade do Salvador - serviram de grande cenário, no qual evoluía a maior parte das procissões. Destacavam-se as procissões dos Mistérios da Paixão, de Corpus Christi ou cenas correlatas, em datas fixas ou móveis, ao lado da multiplicação das representações da Santíssima Trindade, especialmente a cruz ou o Cristo Crucificado.
Flumioxazin Tank-Mixtures with Six Herbicides for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Bermudagrass
Authors: Reed Thomas V. , McCullough Patrick E. , Grey Timothy , Czarnota Mark A. , Vencill William K. , Waltz F. Clint
Published: March 2015

Flumioxazin is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor with potential for POST annual bluegrass control and PRE smooth crabgrass control in bermudagrass. However, flumioxazin applications are often less effective in winter, compared with fall, because of reduced efficacy on mature annual bluegrass. The objective of this research was to evaluate tank-mixtures of flumioxazin with six other herbicide mechanisms of action for POST annual bluegrass control in late winter and residual smooth crabgrass control. Flumioxazin at 0 or 0.42 kg ai ha−1was evaluated in combination with flazasulfuron at 0.05 kg ai ha−1, glufosinate at 1.26 kg ai ha−1, glyphosate at 0.42 kg ae ha−1, mesotrione at 0.28 kg ai ha−1, pronamide at 1.68 kg ai ha−1, or simazine at 1.12 kg ai ha−1. Flumioxazin alone controlled annual bluegrass 61 to 70% at 8 wk after treatment (WAT) in three experiments from 2012 to 2014 in central Georgia. Flumioxazin tank-mixed with flazasulfuron, glyphosate, glufosinate, pronamide, and simazine provided good (80 to 89%) to excellent (> 90%) control of annual bluegrass at 8 WAT in 2 of 3 yr. These tank-mixtures were also more effective than flumioxazin alone in 2 of 3 yr, and control was greater or equal to the tank-mix partners applied alone. Treatments that included flumioxazin provided excellent (≥ 90%) control of smooth crabgrass at 6 mo after treatment in all 3 yr. Overall, tank-mixing flumioxazin with other herbicide chemistries may improve POST annual bluegrass control, compared with exclusive treatments, and effectively control smooth crabgrass in bermudagrass.
Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control in Tomato
Authors: Boyd Nathan S.
Published: March 2015

Purple nutsedge is a problematic weed in plasticulture vegetable production due to its ability to penetrate the plastic mulch. Experiments were conducted in the fall 2013 and spring 2014 at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, to evaluate a range of PRE herbicides for ‘Charger' and ‘Florida 47’ tomato cultivars tolerance and herbicide efficacy on nutsedge. Fall-applied herbicides did not stunt nor damage either tomato cultivar. Tank mixes applied in the spring that contained EPTC as well as the fomesafen +S-metolachlor + napropamide tended to stunt Charger. The EPTC + fomesafen, the EPTC + fomesafen +S-metolachlor, and the fomesafen +S-metolachlor + napropamide stunted Florida 47. Crop damage in the spring was consistently higher where tank mixes were applied that contained EPTC. In the fall of 2013,S-metolachlor and fomesafen +S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 84 to 90% compared to the nontreated control; in the fall of 2014, napropamide +S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 88% compared to the nontreated control. In the spring of 2013 halosulfuron and a tank mix of EPTC +S-metolachlor reduced nutsedge density by 25% compared to the nontreated control. None of the herbicide treatments had a consistent effect on yield, although Florida 47 yields tended to be lower where tank mixes containing EPTC were applied.
Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Control with Postemergence Herbicides and Glyphosate Dose Response in Soybean in Ontario
Authors: Van Wely Annemarie C. , Soltani Nadar , Robinson Darren E. , Hooker David C. , Lawton Mark B. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: March 2015

Field trials were conducted in Ontario in 2013 and 2014 in soybean to determine the efficacy of POST herbicides on common ragweed resistant to group 2 and group 9 herbicides. Glyphosate dose-response experiments were conducted in the field on two resistant common ragweed populations and one susceptible population. None of the POST herbicides evaluated provided 80% control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) common ragweed. The most effective POST herbicide mixture was glyphosate (Monsanto Canada Inc., 67 Scurfield Blvd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) plus fomesafen(Syngenta Canada Inc., 140 Research Lane, Research Park Guelph, Ontario, Canada), which provided 68 to 98% control of GR common ragweed. Chlorimuron, cloransulam, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron provided control similar to glyphosate alone. An application of glyphosate/fomesafen reduced biomass by as much as 95%. Glyphosate plus acifluorfen reduced GR common ragweed biomass by as much as 92%. The remaining POST herbicide tank mixes evaluated reduced GR common ragweed biomass by less than 80%. Glyphosate plus bentazon, glyphosate plus chlorimuron, and glyphosate plus thifensulfuron resulted in soybean yields similar to the weedy control, with yield reductions of 70, 62, and 73%, respectively. An application of glyphosate plus fomesafen or glyphosate/fomesafen had the lowest soybean yield reductions of 29 and 34%, respectively. The resistant biotype required a 2- to 28-fold increase in glyphosate dose compared to the susceptible population to achieve 50% control.
Water absorption variability of recycled concrete aggregates
Authors: Joseph Miquel , Boehme Luc , Sierens Zeger , Vandewalle Lucie
Published: March 2015

The programme ValReCon20 has demonstrated the possibility of replacing up to 100% of coarse virgin aggregates with coarse recycled concrete aggregates (CRCA) in concrete of strength class C25/30. Recycled concrete from building demolition is a heterogeneous material, resulting in a higher standard deviation of many properties of CRCA. One of the important properties of CRCA, needed to design concrete mixes, is water absorption, but the heterogeneous nature of CRCA makes it harder to predict the actual amount of water that will be absorbed by CRCA during the mixing process. This paper compares the effects of over- and underestimation of the water absorption of CRCA. Various properties were investigated and the results show large differences in the workability and density of fresh concrete, water absorption by submersion and capillarity of the hardened concrete, dynamic modus of elasticity and mechanical strength properties.