bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Report on the Occurrence and Outbreak of Pentatomid Bug, Degonetus serratus
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera)on Teak in Bariatu, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India
Authors: Thakur Anand Kumar
Published: January 2025

Degonetus serratus (Distant) is a pentatomid bug belonging to the order Hemiptera of the class Insecta. The present work is a report on the outbreak of this bug on the teak trees in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The collection was made during the field visit in an urban area Rani Bagan, Bariatu, Ranchi. Several newspaper reports emphasized on the degree of damage of leaves of teak in the area. The present paper is the first report of the occurrence of this bug and its frequent infestation from June 2023 to February 2024 in the Bariatu area of Ranchi.
Phytoplankton Composition of Mandohol Reservoir and Its Implications for Fish Culture
in Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Dalavi S. D. , Pawar B.A.
Published: January 2025

The systematic inquiry on phytoplankton from Mandohol Dam was done. Taking into account all 31 generic taxa (20 species of Chlorophyceae, 18 species of Bacillariophyceae, 7 species of Cyanophyceae, and 1 species of Euglenophyceae). Bacillariophyceae were determined to be the most prevalent and year-round present group among the examined species. The mean annual population density of phytoplankton was found to be 6.10 l-1. The summer months saw the most extreme phytoplankton density (7.61 l-1), while the wet season saw the lowest. (5.17 l-1). ANOVA was applied and observed no significant statistical difference in plankton density between the observed three sites. (f = 2.16. df = 2, p = 0.1307). Shannon diversity, Evenness, and Simpson’s Diversity Index were calculated (3.59, 0.94, and 0.97), Together these indices suggest a highly diverse and balanced ecosystem with equal distribution and a rich variety of species. The community is complex and stable. Almost all species from Bacillariophyceae show high algal diversity in the winter. The phytoplankton abundance indicates a high food potential, creating
a suitable environment for a thriving population of zooplankton and fish.
Breeding success status of the ‘critically endangered’ Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) in
selective microhabitats of Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary Narayan Lal , Chishty Nadim , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Present study was carried out in two different microhabitats for of Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) nesting colonies, viz.,Kailashpuri village of Udaipur district and Chittorgarh fort of Chittorgarh district, from September 2020 to June 2024. Road transect surveys in various regions of Southern Rajasthan identified breeding sites, along with the presence of vulture guano or excreta droplets on rocky cliff areas.Every week, we visited both sites to evaluate the hatchling success rates of the Indian vultures, using binoculars and long-distance zooming cameras for observations and photographs of various breeding parameters.We found that all vultures nest on rocky cliffs, as well as historical monuments of Chittorgarh Fort. The Indian vulture’s breeding season spans from October to April or May.Indian vultures lay on one egg per year or every breeding season and several times also utilized old nests for the nesting. Several observations were made for breeding aspects, including active or occupied nests, nests with incubating positions or eggs, nests containing hatchlings, and the nestling stage; the number of fledglings in the entire nesting colony; and finally determined the hatchling success rate in different years.In Kailashpuri village nesting colonies, hatchling success ranged between 42.85% to 83.33%, while in the Chittorgarh Fort area, hatchling success
ranged between 60% to 66.66%. The number of active nests and hatchling success rate vary from year to year and vulture colony to colony. The spatial-temporal variation of Indian vultures influences their hatchling success rate. During breeding seasons, the presence of adult vulture individuals in particular nestling colonies may cause variations in hatchling success rate. We also observed juvenile and adult Indian vulture mortality in both nesting colonies.
Evaluation of ichthyofaunal diversity and physicochemical parameters of Chulla stream
in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Bains Neha , Banyal H.S.
Published: January 2025

A study was carried out to examine the diversity and distribution patterns of fish species in the Chulla stream in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. The stream was categorized into upstream and downstream zones according to the altitudinal gradient.
Four fish species were identified, belonging to four different genera within the order Cypriniformes. These species were part of the family Cyprinidae and were divided into two subfamilies: Danioninae and Cyprininae, with Cyprininae being the most prevalent.
The study analyzed the relationship between fish species and certain abiotic water parameters using Pearson correlation. To assess the stream’s biodiversity, various diversity indices were utilized, including Simpson’s Index, Simpson’s Diversity Index,
Shannon Index of Diversity, Margalef’s Richness Index and Pielou’s Evenness Index. The Water Quality Index values ranged from 41.61 to 45.92, indicating “good” water quality. Results showed greater species diversity in the downstream zone due to
lower gradients, increased meandering, and slower current velocity, which enhanced nutrient deposition. In contrast, upstream areas faced significant anthropogenic impacts, altering physicochemical factors and resulting in higher species dominance but lower overall diversity
Fish waste to priceless asset a survey of fish waste from fish markets of Nanded city,
Nanded (MS) India
Authors: Balkhande Jayvardhan V , Issak Shaikh Azeem
Published: January 2025

The amount of fish waste produced worldwide has increased dramatically. Significant economic and environmental issues are raised by the estimated two-thirds of fish that are thrown away as garbage. Therefore, the disposal and recycling of these wastes have become a key issue that must be addressed. India stood 02 position in inland fish production and the waste from fish was also in huge quantity, the use of discarded fish waste can be a sustainable strategy for implementing a circular bioeconomy, where valuable additional materials are produced. In this study, we highlighted the generation of fish waste from fish market in Nanded city and the huge role that fish waste can play in the socio-economic sector. During our study from October 2022 to September 2023, it was recorded that the amount of fish waste were huge in the months of October 22, November 22, December 22, June 2023 and September 23.
New findings of Galeodes agilis from Semi-arid region of Alirajpur, M.P., India
Authors: Pandram Bharat , Devaliya Amit Kumar , Baghel Meeru , Thakur Pooja
Published: January 2025

Solifugae is an arachnid found in arid and semi-arid areas and belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida9. Solifugae is also known as a relative of spiders or scorpion. Only a few of their species are reported in Madhya Pradesh, India1.
In this series, we found another species of Galeodidae family, i.e. Galeodes agilis, which is found in Alirajpur. Many of its names are according to their physical form and function like sun spider or wind spider and local of tribal people of Alirajpur called Kukkad Ichhu. In appearance it looks like a mixture of spiders and bichhu. Compound eyes are found in them, strong jaws called chelicerae are found on the large-sized head of Solifugae, their pedipalps are long and this is new findings in this area as well.It helped in maintaining the terrestrial ecosystem of some areas of Madhya Pradesh like Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar, Manawar etc. Properly they are not reported and their number are less according to the surveys of the areas during summer of 2023.
Kukad Icchhu are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, mainly in arid, semi-arid or other warm environment.
Sistem Kerja Automatic Transfer Switch Dan Automatic Generator Start Di Pt. Garuda Media Telematika
Authors: Amin Baihaqi Ulum , Fatoni Ahmad , Ummah Imamatul
Published: January 2025

PT. Garuda Media Telematika merupakan salah satu perusahaan penyedia jasa internet (internet service provider / ISP), perusahaan ini sangat membutuhkan energi listrik untuk beroprasi selama 24 jam. Namun, sumber listrik yang didistribusikan oleh PLN tidak terus menerus ada, terkadang pemadaman listrik secara mendadak tentunya akan menjadi masalah dan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) dan Automatic Generator Start (AGS) adalah teknologi utama dalam sistem otomasi kelistrikan untuk menjaga keandalan daya. ATS beroperasi di garis depan saat listrik padam, secara otomatis beralih dari sumber listrik utama ke generator cadangan dalam hitungan detik, ATS memastikan beban listrik akan tetap tersuplai tanpa gangguan apapun. Sementara itu, AGS akan mengaktifkan generator listrik secara otomatis ketika terjadi pemadaman listrik atau gangguan pada sumber daya utama, sistem ini penting untuk memastikan generator cadangan diaktifkan saat diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik pada perusahaan tersebut.
Cara Kerja dan Fungsi Kondensor Sebagai Pelepas Panas Pada Gas Refrigran Di PT. Phalosari Unggul Jaya
Authors: Firmansyah Rizky , Ahmad Mubarok  , M. Tsani Ashrofazami
Published: January 2025

In our daily lives, we certainly cannot be separated from frozen processed foods that we usually find in supermarkets or other frozen food stores. There are many frozen processed foods that we can find on the market, one example is frozen chicken, frozen duck, frozen sausage and so on. PT. Phalosari Unggul Jaya is a company that focuses on the field of chicken, duck cutting and providing frozen processed or ingredients made from chicken. To meet the needs of frozen food in the community, PT. Phalosari Unggul Jaya now utilizes Air Blast Freezer technology or what is commonly called ABF, Air Blast Freezer is one of the food freezing tools in the world of refrigeration. In one ABF system, there are several supporting tools or components to support the running of this ABF system. One of the important tools or components for the running of the ABF ABF system is the condenser. The condenser is a tool in the refrigeration system of a cooling machine that functions as a heat transfer in the refrigerant that has a high temperature will be absorbed and then blown by the heat-inhibiting media in the condenser so that the refrigerant vapor condenses into liquid. The condenser is one of the important elements and its existence is very vital in a cooling system. The condenser acts as a heat evaporator from the refrigerant that has previously been compressed or compressed in the compressor for the refrigerant to be channeled back into the evaporator.
Regulasi Batas Usia Perkawinan di Negara Muslim: Tinjauan Hukum dan Implementasinya
Authors: Karini Eti , Prayitno Daru , Firdawaty Linda
Published: January 2025

Kebijakan batas usia perkawinan menjadi isu penting dalam hukum keluarga Islam di banyak negara Muslim. Pernikahan dianggap sebagai institusi sosial dan agama untuk membangun rumah tangga dan menjaga nilai-nilai moral Islam. Namun, batas usia perkawinan sering menjadi perdebatan karena setiap negara Muslim memiliki regulasi yang berbeda, dipengaruhi oleh tradisi lokal, interpretasi hukum Islam, dan hukum internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui regulasi batas usia perkawinan di negara-negara Muslim beserta dasar hukum yang mendasarinya; (2) Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan implementasi regulasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah berbagai literatur yang membahas topik penelitian, dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis konten teori Klaus Krippendorff. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi batas usia perkawinan di negara-negara Muslim seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Mesir memiliki ketentuan yang berbeda. Di Indonesia, usia minimal untuk menikah adalah 19 tahun berdasarkan UU No. 16 Tahun 2019. Di Malaysia, usia minimal untuk perempuan adalah 16 tahun dan laki-laki 18 tahun berdasarkan Hukum Keluarga Islam Malaysia. Sementara di Mesir, batas usia pernikahan adalah 18 tahun menurut Undang-Undang Keluarga Mesir No. 1 Tahun 2000. Implementasi regulasi ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor budaya, agama, sistem hukum, ekonomi, dan pendidikan. Meskipun regulasi menetapkan batas usia minimal yang lebih tinggi, budaya dan tradisi lokal sering mendorong pernikahan dini, terutama di beberapa wilayah.
Ismail Raji Al Faruqi's Thoughts on the Wiwitan Tradition in Kedak, Kediri
Authors: Muhammad Abdur Rozaq  , Achmad Khudori Soleh
Published: January 2025

This research was motivated by changes in the wiwitan tradition which then made relevance to Ismail Raji al-Faruqi's thoughts on social science, in which al-Faruqi's thoughts were associated with Tawhid which is the principle of social order. Tawhid not only emphasizes individual piety but also social piety. Because monotheism is the first determining principle in Islam, its culture and science. This study uses qualitative research with sociological methods, with data collection methods using instruments in the form of documents, interviews, and observations. This research finds some of al-Faruqi's thoughts about the principle of monotheism which is the social order in society. because monotheism is not for seeking the truth within oneself but for others as well, the concept of truth for oneself is just a waste. This is in line with the changes in values ​​in the wiwitan tradition, which produce values ​​from social, economic, religious and spiritual aspects. Which this tradition has a positive impact on religious social life, in terms of monotheism with the form of gratitude to the Almighty by giving alms in the form of giving food to others.
Tourism And Fashion: Interpreting Tourism Resources Into Fashion Product Designs in Alamendah Tourism Village
Authors: Nabilla Affra Siti , Vyana Lohjiwa  , Sukma Mestika Nawang , Susanto Eka , Anggrenesia Yayang
Published: January 2025

The future of tourism destinations focuses on local communities' creativity in developing their tourist attractions, one of which is through MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). When an attraction goes viral, booming, or popular suddenly, it is followed by other destinations who imitate products without bringing out the uniqueness of the destination. On the other side, local communities want to explore new things, but on the other side, there is a fear that no tourists will be interested in visiting or purchasing products from MSMEs. This dialectical condition is the focus of the research. This research explores the various signs and meanings of tourism resources in Alamendah Tourism Village, which are realized through the creativity of MSMEs in designing fashion products. The results of this research are useful for generating product innovations that represent the village. Data were collected through field observations using a checklist, followed by data on tourism resources from the views of managers, communities, and MSME actors using in-depth interviews and integrated discussions. The results show that the resources of Alamendah Tourism Village focuses on cultural life, landscape, and coolness that symbolizes harmony and peace. The symbol was transformed into a fashion product design in the form of an outer, tote bag, and shoes with an eco print design patterned with strawberry leaves, coloured in a combination of brown, red, and green with ornaments and clump stitching techniques, the meaning are harmony and peace. This product can be applied to MSMEs actors as a creative innovation that can attract tourists to visit. This innovation is seen to be the main capital in the development of sustainable tourism that is not affected by temporary viral trend.
Keywords:  Alam Endah, Fashion Product Design, Innovation, MSMEs.
Effectiveness Of Personal Hospitality Attitude Regulations Assisted by Digital Pocket Books in Increasing The Brand Identity Of The Tourism Department
Authors: Aprilia Lu'luwatin Rosdiana , Annishia Fristi Bellia , Anggraeni Stj Rr Christiana Mayang , Marini Sri
Published: January 2025

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Digital Pocketbook assisted by Personal Hospitality Attitude regulations to enhance the brand identity of the Tourism Department. This type of research is pre-experimental type One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The Sample is students from the Tourism Department and outside the Tourism Department of Polimedia Kreatif, namely 30 people from the Tourism Department while 26 people came from non-tourism with the simple random sampling. Data analysis in this research is using hypothesis testing with paired sample t-test and to determine its effectiveness using the N-Gain test to determine effectiveness. The results are that respondents' pretest scores for both tourism and non-tourism obtained an average of 69.1. After being treated with personal hospitality attitude regulations with the help of a digital pocket book, respondents' posttest scores obtained an average of 87.3. Calculation results using SPSS 26 with the Paired Sample t-formula test, the researcher concluded that a significance value of 0.000 or meaning 0.000 < 0.05 was obtained, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, and with the results of the hypothesis test or tcount = 8.066 > ttable = 2.045 and tcount = 12,478 > ttable = 2.060 which means Ho rejected and Ha accepted. Based on the results of the N-gain test obtained an average of 56.3% which is quite effective, as well as for non-Tourism major students the average was 57.38% which in categories are quite effective too. So, it can be concluded that the Personal Hospitality Attitude regulations assisted by digital pocketbooks are quite effective in increasing the brand identity of the tourism department in Polimedia Kreatif.
O chamado da floresta: uma ação coletiva protagonizada pelas populações extrativistas
Authors: Brilhante José Ivanildo Gama , Oliveira Marcela Palheta de
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo trata de uma pesquisa sobre os Chamados da Floresta enquanto ações coletivas e processo de mobilização de diferentes populações tradicionais com pautas comuns, tendo o território como centralidade. Buscou-se responder a seguinte indagação: Em que medida as ações coletivas, como os Chamados da Floresta, promovem alianças políticas em favor das populações extrativistas em seus territórios na Amazônia brasileira? Com o objetivo analisar os impactos das ações coletivas do Chamado da Floresta e como estas promovem alianças políticas em favor das populações extrativistas em seus territórios brasileiros. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, através da consulta de diferentes obras que nos ajudaram a discutir de forma qualificada a temática da ação coletiva, além de dados e informações gerais em materiais impressos e relatórios das três mobilizações do Chamado da Floresta. Este, está organizado em tópicos, que discutem alguns aspectos relacionados à ação coletiva e em seguida analisa a ação do Chamado da Floresta. Dessa forma, foi possível constatar que a experiência se constitui como uma ação coletiva de sujeitos com anseios comuns, como a qualidade de vida e da reivindicação de políticas públicas específicas como forma de fortalecer suas gentes, povos e seus territórios, o que permite concluir que essa ação coletiva dá visibilidade à luta dos extrativistas, além de se apresentar como um espaço de reivindicação, elaboração e proposição de políticas.
ANALISIS PENGUNGKAPAN PSAK 238 TENTANG ASET TAK BERWUJUD
Authors: Luh Putu Puji Trisnawati  , Michael  , Chelsea Diva Antonetta  , Jasmine Eirene  , Gracia Juliana Sumadi
Published: January 2025

Intangible assets must be disclosed on Notes to Financial Statement in Financial Report as a form of transparency. The disclosure of intangible assets has its own risks of misclassification, in which company might acknowledge the existence of intangible assets even though the assets lack of qualification for recognition. Proper disclosure of intangible assets based on PSAK 238 can prevent errors in recognition, such as those that occurred in GOTO company. This research aims to determine the compliance of companies in disclosing intangible assets in their financial statements. The study uses a descriptive analysis method, using purposive sampling on subsectors of Software and IT Services that listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia during 2022 - 2023 period. This research showed that the level of company compliance with disclosure of intangible assets in 2022 was 42% for cost method and 68% for revaluation method. During 2023, the level of company compliance increased to 45% for cost method and 70% for revaluation method. It can be concluded that companies in this subsectors, especially companies that used cost method, has not comply fully with the disclosure requirements for intangible assets under PSAK 238. This research is expected to increase awareness and compliance with the disclosure of intangible assets as regulated in PSAK 238.
THE IMAGE OF HOME AS A MARKER OF SAFETY/DANGER IN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH
Authors: KACHAK Tetiana
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the artistic representation of the image of home as a marker of safety/danger in contemporary Ukrainian literature for children and youth. The artistic features of the image of home as a building, locus, spatial image, and an image of the sacred – connected to the spiritual and moral world, as well as the feelings and experiences of the main characters – are highlighted. Additionally, home is portrayed as a national-symbolic image, especially in works and children’s books about war and the struggle against the enemy. The meanings embedded by the authors in the images of a destroyed, looted, and abandoned home and a new home, which provides temporary shelter or should become a new home for emigrants, are examined. The verbal and visual components of books for children are interpreted with an emphasis on how the main characters perceive their home. It is noted that the image of one’s own home has several meanings: a person’s material well-being in life; a place that characterises a person’s self-identification in the world, his or her worldview; and a sense of protection from external factors of influence. For a child, home is usually associated with a carefree childhood in a loving family, their personal space filled with favourite toys, and safety. It has been proven that the concept of “home” takes on different meanings in war stories and novellas. The looted house in Volodymyr Rutkivskyi’s novella “Poterchata” symbolises the young protagonist Volodko’s lost childhood. The image of the home, in particular the basement of the building, is first a marker of safety and unity of people, and then a danger for the girl, Vira, and her family in Kateryna Yehorushkina’s story. The image of the destroyed home in Oleksandr Mykhed’s fairy tale represents the shattered universe of one family, which personifies the lives of millions of Ukrainians ruined by the war and russian aggression. Whereas, the characters, such as the Cat, the Rooster, and the Cupboard serve as images and symbols of the resilience of the Ukrainian people that the whole world saw in the photos of Borodianka near Kyiv, destroyed by russian shelling. The image of the home takes on a sacred meaning in Nadiika Herbish’s story “The Apples of War”. The characters lose their native home and seek refuge in a new one, turning a stranger’s or a new, other home into their own by creating comfort and spiritual space for their family. The image of the home is closely tied to the issue of identity since the house embodies the lost integrity of perception of the world and one’s place in it due to emigration.
THE THEME OF WAR IN AMERICAN ROCK POETRY (CHESTER BENNINGTON AND MIKE SHINODA OF LINKIN PARK)
Authors: SHCHEULIN Vadym
Published: January 2025

The article examines the theme of war and conflicts in the texts of American rock music in the example of the work of Linkin Park. It has been found that music is used as a means of expressing social criticism, protest, and discussion of political issues. Special attention is paid to the analysis of lyrics in rock poetry, which reveal deep emotional experiences and reflect on the consequences of armed conflicts for society and individuals. The analyzed lyrics of Linkin Park's songs (Hands Held High (2007), Wretches and Kings (2010), and War (2014)) demonstrate a complex lyrical content that goes beyond the usual description of military actions and addresses questions of moral responsibility, internal struggle, and search for peace. Research reveals that the theme of war in rock music goes beyond social commentary, serving as a significant tool for shaping the collective consciousness of listeners. The lyrics of Linkin Park exemplify how intricate social and political messages can be effectively communicated through music. Their work encapsulates broader cultural and social contexts, encouraging listeners to reflect on the value of peace and the importance of humanist principles. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the use of rock texts as a form of social action and artistic expression, emphasizing their ability to stimulate reflection and contribute to forming an active public position
ABOUT THE AUTHOR JAQUELINE CARDOSO DE CARVALHO. WHEN WE WERE TEENAGERS. MY GRANNY WAS THE CURE. WE PASSED TIME TOGETHER. THAT COUSIN MARLENE. PEOPLE LIKE THEM. WHENEVER THE SADNESS. IT SEEMED THAT SOME LIMITS
Authors: CARDOSO DE CARVALHO Jaqueline , KRYVORUCHKO Svitlana , SANTOS SILVA Edson
Published: January 2025

Jaqueline Cardoso de Carvalho is contemporary Brazilian writer. She comes from the Pataxó Hà Hà Hãe people. The Pataxó Hà Hà Hãe is a mixture of indigenous peoples from 6 indigenous ethnic groups, that occupy 54 thousand hectares of indigenous lands in different municipalities such as Pau Brasil, Itaju do Colonia and Camacan. The poetess’ book “Reconstruction of History” expresses feelings, emotions and thoughts about the Pataxó people, who, despite the constant struggle, never gave up on searching for their relatives, who are being destroyed. In the verses, you will be able to discover the saga about the indigenous people of Pataxós Hà Hà Hãe, children, youth, women and the elderly, who fought against racism, prejudice, violations of women’s and children’s rights that are happening even today. The verses have the strength, determination and hope of a people.
Anti-Alzheimer effects of the newly synthesized cationic compounds as multi-target dual hAChE/hBuChE inhibitor: An in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach
Authors: Karami Hosna , Soltani Somaieh , Wolber Gerhard , Sadigh-Eteghad Saeed , Nikbakht Roghaye , Farrokhi Hanieh , Narimani Farzaneh , Teimuri-Mofrad Reza , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Multi-target anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) compounds are promising leads for the development of AD modifying agents. Ionic compounds containing quaternary ammonium moiety were synthesized, and their multi-targeted anti-AD effects were examined. Methods: Imidazole derivatives containing a quaternary ammonium moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their potential anti-Alzheimer properties using computational (in silico), cellular (in vitro), and animal (in vivo) models. The inhibition kinetics of both human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) were assessed. Neuroprotective effects in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-exposed PC12 cells were also examined. Furthermore, the compounds' impact on Aβ-induced memory impairment in Wistar rats was evaluated, with a detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Results: Compound 5g demonstrated acceptable cytotoxicity against human cells. This compound exhibited non-competitive dual inhibition of both hAChE and hBuChE. Additionally, compound 5g mitigated the morphological changes induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) in PC12 cells and decreased cell mortality. It exhibited anti-oxidative stress properties, evident by reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The compound also down regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1β and TNF-α. In vitro studies validated compound 5g's ability to inhibit lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), attenuate neuroinflammation, and prevent the autophagy-apoptosis cascade. When administered to rats with Aβ-induced memory dysfunction, compound 5g enhanced cognitive function and improved spatial memory. In the hippocampi of treated rats, there was a noted downregulation of TNF-α and NF-kB. Furthermore, compound 5g counteracted the elevated activity of AChE. Molecular modeling validated the binding of compound 5g to both steric and catalytic sites of cholinesterase enzymes. Conclusion: The novel quaternary ammonium derivative, compound 5g, demonstrated multi-target anti-AD properties, as evidenced by in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. Behavioral assessments and molecular analyses further confirmed its therapeutic efficacy in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-challenged rats.
Thalidomide augments maturation and T helper 1-inducing capacity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mohsen , Naseri Bahar , Masoumi Javad , Baghbani Elham , Baradaran Behzad , Sadeghi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) possess specialized abilities to present antigens and stimulate T cells, making them essential in triggering adaptive immune responses. Thalidomide and its derivatives are classified as a group of medications that possess immunomodulatory properties. Numerous studies have demonstrated the contentious impact of these drugs on DCs. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the influence of Thalidomide therapy on the maturation and stimulation of monocyte-derived DCs, and subsequently examine the consequences of these treated DCs on the immune responses of autologous T cells. Methods: The immature DCs derived from monocytes were subjected to exposure to Thalidomide and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the fifth day of differentiation, followed by a 24-hour incubation period. On the sixth day, the phenotypic features of the DCs in both the control and treatment groups were assessed using flow cytometry. Subsequently, the gene expression in both the DCs and autologous T cells co-cultured with the DCs was evaluated using the real-time PCR method. Results: Thalidomide-treated DCs exhibited a significant augmentation in the expression of maturation and stimulatory surface markers CD11c, HLA-DR, and CD86 (P ≤ 0.01), as well as gene expression of TNF-α and IL-12 (P ≤ 0.01) when compared to the control group. Furthermore, co-culture of Thalidomide-treated DCs with T cells increased T-bet and IFN-γ (P ≤ 0.01) expression, while diminished FOXP3 and TGF-β (P ≤ 0.01) expression compared to T cells co-cultured with untreated DCs. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in vitro Thalidomide treatment shifts DCs towards an immunogenic state and elevates their T helper 1 inducing capacity, which may be efficient in immunotherapy of various cancers.
Improving Child Oral Health: A Qualitative Study of Dental Service Provision and Enhancement Strategies
Authors: Jabbari Beyrami Hossein , Mohammaddokht Salar , Zohdi Mahsa , Baseri Milad
Published: January 2025

Background. Oral health is a crucial component of general health. However, statistics and indicators have not shown improvements in dental health in Iran in recent years. Enhancing the quality of dental services in the country requires comprehensive knowledge of the current state of dental care provision. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate dental services for children in Tabriz over the past five years and to propose strategies for improvement. Methods. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach and was conducted in Tabriz in 2021 (1400 Persian Calendar year). Data were collected through focus group discussions with 13 participants and semi-structured individual interviews with six participants. Among the 19 participants, 11 were general dentists, and five were pediatric dentists. Data were analyzed using Diekelmann's seven-stage phenomenological analysis method, and the main and sub-themes were categorized. Results. Six main themes and 33 sub-themes were identified. The main themes were: stewardship and leadership, service delivery, human resources, facilities and equipment, information recording, and economic issues. Seven sub-themes were found under stewardship and leadership, eight sub-themes emerged under service delivery, seven sub-themes were identified under human resources, one sub-theme was found under facilities and equipment, emphasizing their adequacy and appropriateness, five sub-themes emerged under information recording, highlighting its weaknesses, and finally, five sub-themes were identified under economic issues. Conclusion. The provision of dental equipment and facilities was identified as a major strength. However, inadequate preventive and educational dental services for children, along with deficiencies in the recording and utilization of health information, were the primary weaknesses in the delivery of dental services to children in Tabriz over the past five years.
Serum zinc level and its association with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kianifar Farzaneh , Vahid Dastjerdi Amir Reza , Mohammadi Maram Mahsa , Bagtash Khadijeh , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Eslami Mohammad , Fardyar Reza , Farazi Aliasghar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), a global health problem, affects millions of people annually and has significant mortality rates. Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in immune function and may impact the outcomes of TB. Studies have shown that TB patients often have lower serum Zn levels, which improve with treatment and improved nutrition. Combining Zn supplements with anti-TB therapy has shown promise in reducing mortality, especially in those who are co-infected. Objectives: This study aimed to assess serum Zn levels in healthy individuals and those with pulmonary TB, considering various parameters. Patients and Methods: This case-control study focused on individuals aged 16 and older who were diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and referred to the TB clinic laboratory in Arak, Iran. The case group consisted of 32 individuals, and an equal number formed the control group. Diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was based on specific parameters, and patients received treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide drugs, with the dosage adjusted according to their weight. Results: Regardless of age and gender, pulmonary TB patients with normal and high body mass index (BMI), as well as those with low to moderate income, exhibited lower serum Zn levels in compared to the control group. No significant correlation was observed between the disease stage and serum Zn levels. However, in individuals older than 65 years, particularly women and men with low-BMI, moderate income, and those in the initial disease stage, anti-TB treatment led to a significant increase in serum Zn levels. The findings of the study highlight the decrease in serum Zn levels in patients with pulmonary TB. Conclusion: The present study indicates that, individuals with pulmonary TB, especially those with specific demographic and health characteristics, may have lower serum Zn levels. Treatment for TB may lead to increased Zn levels in specific groups of patients.
Evaluating final pathology results in patients operated for intraductal papilloma
Authors: Eshraghi Samani Reza , Dolatshahi Kian , Dolatshahi Kamran , Safaee Masumeh
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Intraductal papilloma is a breast lesion caused by abnormal epithelial proliferation of ducts. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the final pathology reports of intraductal papilloma. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, containing 101 cases initially diagnosed with intraductal papilloma. We reviewed the medical documents and pathology reports of all cases with the following information of age, consumption of oral contraceptive pills, hormone replacement therapy, age of menarche, age of menopause and familial history of breast, ovarian, or endometrial cancers, and the pathology reports from tissue biopsy. The statistical analysis utilized chi-square test for qualitative variables and analysis of variance for quantitative variables. Results: The frequency distribution of pathology results showed that in 37.4% (n = 35) of cases, intra-ductal papilloma were observed, and in 30.7% (n = 31) of them, benign lesions were reported. Additionally, 29.7% (n = 30) had pre-malignant lesions, and 5% (n = 5) had malignant lesions. Among the factors, only age was related to the type of lesion, with the mean age of people with pre-malignant or malignant lesions being significantly higher than those with benign lesions (P = 0.014). Conclusion: Complete excision and pathological evaluation of intraductal papilloma could reveal significant findings. Special attention should be given to older patients with intraductal papilloma.
Predictive accuracy of systolic blood pressure to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ratio versus TIMI score for short-term mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Khan Naveed Ullah , Naseer Ali Bin , Huma Zille , Chachar Kalsoom , Samad Maryam , Ishaq Muhammad , Urooj Abiha , Safdar Uroosa , Rasool Muhammad , Khan Sohail , Sial Jawaid Akbar , Saghir Tahir , Qamar Nadeem
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ratio for the prediction of in-hospital and short-term mortality in a contemporary cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care cardiac center. Methods: This study included a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. The SBP/LVEDP ratio and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) score were calculated, and their ability to predict in-hospital and short-term mortality was evaluated by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results: This study involved 977 patients, with 780 (79.8%) being male and a mean age of 55.6±11.5 years. Among them, 191 (19.5%) had an SBP/LVEDP≤5.4. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.3% (42), and the short-term all-cause mortality rate after a mean follow-up of 5.9±2.4 months was 15% (140). Patients with SBP/LVEDP≤5.4 had higher in-hospital mortality rates (14.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) and short-term mortality rates (35.1% vs. 9.8%; P<0.001) compared to those with SBP/LVEDP>5.4. The AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.766 [0.681-0.851] and 0.787 [0.713-0.861], respectively. For short-term mortality, the AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI were 0.731 [0.682-0.780] and 0.736 [0.690-0.782], respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, SBP/LVEDP showed sufficiently high predictive power comparable to the TIMI risk score. SBP/LVEDP is a readily available ratio that can rapidly provide valuable prognostic information during primary PCI.
The protective effect of Edaravone against acute renocardiac syndrome in a kidney ischemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Bagheri Yasin , Dehghan Mahshid , Hejazian Seyyedeh Mina , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Niknafs Bahram
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical occurrence causing high mortality and morbidity. In acute renocardiac syndrome, AKI leads to acute cardiac injury or/and dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of Edaravone on cardiac tissues following the induction of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: IR+Edaravone, Edaravone, IR, and Sham groups (six rats per group). Non-traumatic clamps were used to stop the artery and vein blood flow of the left kidney in rats of the IR groups for 45 minutes. Thirty minutes before ischemia induction, Edaravone (3 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in the IR+Edaravone group. Cardiac samples were subjected to biochemical analyses. Results: The Results showed a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (P=0.01), catalase (P=0.03), and superoxide dismutase (P=0.02), and the levels of glutathione (P=0.012), and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.001) in the IR+Edaravone group in comparison to the IR group. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity of the heart was increased in the Edaravone group compared to the control and IR groups (P<0.001), indicating the safety of the drug. Conclusion: The results can reveal important insights into the protective effects of Edaravone against acute renocardiac syndrome.
Exploring in-hospital clinical outcomes among acute myocardial infarction patients with prior COVID-19 history
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Patel Iva , Parikh Rujuta , Kalyani Maulik , Banker Khamir , Dhorajiya Dixit , M Apoorva
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Limited real-world data exist regarding cardiovascular outcomes in post-COVID-19 individuals following discharge, particularly within the Asian Indian population. This study aims to explore the association between prior COVID-19 history and in-hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods: Hospital database was searched for the patients who were diagnosed with Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and were grouped according to absence (Group-A) or presence (Group-B) of history of severe COVID-19 hospitalization at least 3 months prior to the index event of AMI. Study primary endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) comprising of Re-AMI, stroke, death (3P) and acute decompensated heart failure (4P), which were analyzed between these 2 study groups. Results: Of 10,581 consecutive patients of AMI, 5.33% (n=564/10,581) patients had prior history of severe SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization beyond 3 months of index AMI. Past severe Covid-19 patients presenting with AMI were more likely to be younger (59.12+11.23 years vs. 52.01+10.05 years) and younger than 40 years of age. Patients in Group B demonstrated a notably higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, higher Killip class, and lower presenting LVEF compared to Group A. In-hospital cardiac arrest, stroke, heart failure and all-cause death were significantly higher in Group B patients. Higher unadjusted odds ratio for in hospital death OR=5.78 (2.56-10.23), 3-P MACE OR=2.33 (1.23-8.65) and 4-P MACE OR=2.58 (1.36-5.43) were found in patients with prior history of COVID-19. After adjusting for comorbidities, the ratio for in-hospital MACE was found to be non-significant. Conclusion: Conventional risk factors and presence of comorbidities in individuals with prior history of COVID-19 hospitalization increased the risk of both 3P and 4P MACE during AMI.
Lipid-to-neutrophil ratios in predicting in-hospital outcomes in pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Roshanravan Neda , Banisefid Erfan , Ghaffari Samad , Rassouli Sami , Naseri Amirreza , Yahyapoor Tohid , Javanshir Elnaz , Hamzezadeh Sina
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the leading causes of death and severe disability. Considering the impact of inflammation and lipid profile on prevalence and prognosis of deep vein thrombosis and PTE, this study was conducted to assess the predictive value of lipid-to-neutrophil count ratios for the short-term survival of PTE patients. Methods: This study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Data regarding the demographics, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory variables, and the outcomes of hospitalization were gathered from the Tabriz PTE registry. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were utilized for assessing the prognostic values. SPSS 26 was used for all of the statistical analysis. Results: The population of this analytical cross-sectional study consists of 547 PTE patients of which 41 patients (7.5%) died during hospitalization. There was a significant difference between death and survived groups regarding cholesterol (146.00[60.50] vs. 165.50[59.75]; p-value<0.01), LDL (80.00[48.00] vs. 102.00[52.00]; p-value<0.01), HDL (31.00[19.00] vs. 35.00[14.00]; p-value=0.04). Cholesterol/neutrophil*1000 with a cut-off value of 22.014 (sensitivity: 56.7%; specificity: 61.3%), LDL/neutrophil*1000 with a cut-off value of 10.909 (sensitivity: 69.3%; specificity: 51.9%) and HDL/neutrophile *1000 with a cut-off value of 4.150 (sensitivity: 61.9%; specificity: 58.1%) can predict short-term survival in patients with acute PTE. Conclusion: Based on our findings, patients with higher cholesterol/neutrophil, LDL/neutrophil, and HDL/neutrophil ratios have a better in-hospital prognosis and measurement of lipid-to-neutrophil ratio in the first 24 hours of hospitalization may be a valuable marker for determining the early prognosis of PTE. However, additional clinical studies are suggested for a more definitive conclusion.
A rare case of fatal intractable posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a male child
Authors: Mirfendereski Sam
Published: January 2025

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by disruption of cerebrovascular autoregulation. Diverse etiologies with acute hypertension as common component can lead to PRES. The condition is usually but not always reversible. Here we present a rare case of fatal PRES which shows radiological features of different stages of PRES from normal to overt intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and emphasizes the importance of radiologist familiarity with neuroimaging of different stages of this entity.
Barriers to mammography screening in Iranian women: a pilot study
Authors: Shirzadi Shayesteh , Allahverdipour Hamid
Published: January 2025

Background. In Iran, the low rate of breast cancer (BC) screening and late diagnosis are among the main reasons for the increase in BC mortality. Various factors can affect the low rate of BC screening. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify barriers to mammography adoption among Iranian women. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional research was part of a scale development study that was conducted on women between the ages of 40 and 69. The sample size was 500 people. The data were collected using the Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS-23), and SPSS 16 software was used for data analysis. Results. Based on the results, more than half of the participants expressed belief in fate and destiny (76.9%), the high cost of mammography (63.5%), avoiding thoughts about BC (50.7%), and belief in being healthy and not having breast disease or problems (48.3%) as barriers to mammography. Conclusion. The barriers to performing mammography among Iranian women are rooted in cultural and religious beliefs, a lack of awareness and information, and a lack of support for mammography screening, such as high screening costs. Practical Implications. Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as the high cost of mammography, were found to be the most significant barriers to mammography. Therefore, it is crucial to take the necessary measures to address these barriers and make mammography more accessible to women.