bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensor-Train Decomposition Based Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO/FSO in UAV with RIS Networks
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Feng Pengyan , Li Jiehui , Chen Jiajia , Wang Yang
Published: September 2023

UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) communication offers the possibility to establish the new net-works. To overcome the PE (pointing error) and beam misalignment of millimeter-wave massive MIMO (Multiple-in multiple-out)/FSO (Free Space Optical) caused by UAV jitter, a Tensor-train decomposition based hybrid beamforming for millimeter-wave massive MIMO/FSO in UAV with RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligence Surface) networks is investigated to improve the system spectral efficiency. Firstly, the high-dimensional channels of the RIS-assisted millimeter-wave massive MIMO/FSO in UAV are represented as the low-dimensional channels by Tensor-train decomposition. Secondly, the FSO PE caused by UAV jitter can be effectively solved by BIGRU (Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit)-attention neural network model. The fast-fading channels and Doppler shifts are estimated by the FCTPM (Fast Circulant Tensor Power Method) based on the Tensor-train decomposition. Finally, the RIS phase shift matrix is optimized by the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition). The Hybrid beamforming and RIS phase shift matrix are esti-mated by the low-complexity PE-AltMin (Phase Extraction Alternating Minimization) method to solve the beam misalignment. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has higher spectrum utilization than other methods.
PERANCANGAN ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FEDERAL ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE FRAMEWORK (FEAF) PADA STANDAR PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DI SMK KARYA GUNA JAKARTA
Authors: Atikah Muthma’innah  , Bambang Prasetya Adhi  , Hamidillah Ajie
Published: September 2023

Pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan sebagai tenaga profesional memiliki peran penting dan strategis dalam proses pembelajaran pada SMK/MAK untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik. Dalam Standar Nasional Pendidikan pada SMK merupakan acuan mutu yang digunakan untuk peningkatan kualitas dan daya saing Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) pada satuan pendidikan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah guna menghadapi tantangan masa kini dan masa mendatang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Karya Guna Jakarta yang merupakan instansi pendidikan swasta, bernaung dibawah yayasan pendidikan. Standar Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan pada SMK merupakan salah satu syarat yang harus dicapai dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan, untuk mencapai ketercapaian dalam pemenuhan Standar Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan SNP tersebut maka dibuat perancangan enterprise architecture menggunakan metode federal enterprise architecture framework yang terdiri atas empat level. Pada level pertama dilakukan analisis kondisi sekolah secara global dengan bantuan teknik analisis PEST dan SWOT. Level kedua merupakan pengidentifikasian proses bisnis. Proses bisnis tersebut dikelompokkan tingkat kepentingannya menggunakan bantuan analisis value chain. Level ketiga berisi pemodelan arsitektur informasi berupa rencana arsitektur bisnis, data dan teknologi yang akan digunakan untuk menampung sistem informasi. Untuk level keempat merupakan pembuatan model arsitektur enterprise menggunakan matriks FEAF. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa blueprint sebagai buku pedoman organisasi sekolah dalam mencapai tujuan strategisnya.
SISTEM PENENTUAN STAF TERBAIK BADAN EKSEKUTIF MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA DAN KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA (BEMP PTIK UNJ)
Authors: Adam Rifki Lusandi  , Hamidillah Ajie  , Murien Nugraheni
Published: September 2023

Pengelolaan staf dari suatu organisasi sangat mempengaruhi banyak aspek penentu keberhasilan program kerja dari suatu organisasi. BEMP PTIK UNJ melakukan staf terbaik untuk memacu semangat stafnya untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya BEMP PTIK UNJ mengalami masalah, permasalahan yang terjadi yaitu mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan staf terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ dengan waktu yang singkat. Akibatnya BPH BEMP PTIK UNJ memiliki kendala terhadap penentuan staf terbaik dan sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat membantu menentukan staf terbaik sesuai dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan yaitu terdiri dari empat kriteria yaitu kehadiran diseluruh rangkaian acara, Aktif diseluruh rangkaian acara, Tanggung Jawab, dan Menjadi Badan Pengurus Kegiatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah web sistem pendukung keputusan yang digunakan untuk sistem penentuan staf terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ yang membantu untuk pengambilan keputusan yang tepat, cepat dan mengurangi kesalahan dalam menentukan staf terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ. Dalam pengembangan web Sistem Penentuan Staf Terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ ini menggunakan metode waterfall dengan melakukan wawancara dan studi literatur. Wawancara menghasilkan daftar kebutuhan fungsional dan selanjutnya dibuat rancangan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), dan Mockup web. Kemudian implementasi dilakukan melalui kode program dengan menggunakan bahasa PHP dengan framework Codeigniter. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan pemilihan staf terbaik pada BEMP PTIK UNJ dengan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting. Sample didapatkan dari data seluruh staf BEMP PTIK UNJ 2019 serta pengujian dilakukan dengan black box testing dan user acceptance testing. Sistem ini berhasil  menyelesaikan beberapa permasalahan yang ada dalam menentukan staf terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ dengan cara menggunakan sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis website dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak waterfall dan metode algoritma perhitungan Simple Additive Weighting sebagai perhitungan dalam menentukan staf terbaik BEMP PTIK UNJ.
The Dying Art of Minifrac Analysis: How an Over-Reliance on Expert Computer Systems Can Turn Perfectly Good Data into Misleading Results
Authors: Martin A. N. , Franquet Javier
Published: September 2023

Minifrac analysis used to be an essential skill for a hydraulic fracturing engineer. In fact, the ability to quickly and effectively gather, merge, filter and analyse the step rate test, breakdown and minifrac data, followed by an efficient redesign of the main treatment (often under extreme pressure), used to be a "right of passage" for many practitioners. However, as in many areas of life, the last 10 years has seen an ever-increasing reliance on so-called expert systems and the easy option is increasingly for engineers to plug in the data and watch the results come out. Often - and crucially – with little application of sound engineering judgement, or reference to independent sources of data.

We must always remember that we are not dealing with exact systems. Our data set may be faulty (especially with regard to reservoir properties) and the simulator may not be reliable. The engineer must have an appreciation of what is realistic and what is not. The reality is that even though we may have precise analytical models of hydraulic fracture propagation, the formation itself is not precise and does not readily lend itself to analytical methods. There is both art and science to fracture engineering, but the art cannot be applied without first having a thorough understanding of the science.

To illustrate this, minifrac, DFIT and straddle packer openhole microfrac tests are compared to get insightful information on fracture closure pressure identification. Typically, large injection volumes produce enough poroelastic effects to disturb the horizontal stress around the wellbore, whilst a high injection rate tends to increase the formation breakdown pressure. In other cases, DFIT tests produce enlarged net-pressure values, as compared with Minifrac and microfrac tests conducted on the same well.

This paper will seek to outline several critical errors of judgement that are regrettably now quite common in this aspect of fracture engineering. This will be illustrated with case histories. Following this, the authors will attempt to provide some best practices to help ensure that these basic errors can be eliminated
Revolutionizing Oil Production: The Success of Enhanced Hydraulic Fracturing Techniques in Tight Oil Field Reservoirs
Authors: Pasumarthi R. , Koduru A. , Meena H. , M Patil R. , Govind Raj P.
Published: September 2023

This paper focuses on the potential of enhanced Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) techniques as a means to unlock the full potential of tight oil field reservoirs. The field X, discovered in 2010 in the KG Basin on-land, in Southern India, has presented a unique challenge for oil extraction due to its highly heterogeneous tight sand composition, with highly varying porosity and permeability, and high bottom hole temperatures up to 325-degF. Traditional methods of extraction have been financially unviable, making it necessary to find alternative methods to increase production.

Prior to 2017, several HF operations were carried out in the field X, but those attempts were unsuccessful due to limited understanding of the reservoir. To address these challenges, the reservoir was studied using several fracture diagnostic tests and a suitable and efficient fracturing fluid system was designed based on simple borate crosslinking to handle the high bottom hole temperature of up to 325-degF. Enhanced custom HF techniques were carried out on 10 wells with a total of 13 stages, reaching 330,700lbs per stage. The design models were optimized using HF simulators.

The heterogeneity of the field X, in the selected candidate wells for HF, presented challenges in the form of varying leak-off characteristics (with fluid efficiency ranging from 32-83%), tortuosity effects, permeability (ranging from 0.01-2mD) and several other reservoir attributes. However, through meticulous optimization of the fracturing process, a remarkable 8-fold increase in oil production was achieved, elevating production from 176 bopd (pre-HF campaign) to 1575 bopd (post-HF campaign). This outstanding success not only demonstrates the immense potential of enhanced HF but also serves as a blueprint for fully unlocking the productivity of tight oil field reservoirs like field X.
Frac Growth Diagnostic Analysis Using Fiber and Sealed Well Integrated Data
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Rueda Jose , Valbuena Jose , Zakary Maram
Published: September 2023

A trial was executed in unconventional field of Saudi Aramco to characterize the hydraulic frac growth for two different state of the art frac designs by monitoring acoustic and pressure responses in offset wells using fiber optics & sealed wellbore pressure data, respectively. Hydraulic frac characterization helped in evaluating the frac designs, cluster efficiency, parent-child interaction, and frac-hits which will help in the selection of the frac design for the development phase.

Two north wells of a single pad were fractured with design-A (less intense design), while two south wells of the same pad were fractured with design-B (highly intense with engineering limited entry). These north and south wells were monitored through their offset wells in different pads by deploying fiber and pressure gauges in the sealed wellbores. Fiber helped identifying fracture corridors, previous stage reactivation, frac-hit time and intensity, and volume to first response (VFR). While sealed well pressure data helped identifying frac-hit time and intensity, and volume to first response (VFR). volume to first response (VFR) at the monitor well is an inversely proportional indicator of frac half length. Fracture corridor from fiber data at monitor well was used to estimate the frac corridor widths for all the stages in addition to the magnitude of pressure/strain changes observed due to frac-hits to estimate the intensity of frac-hits. Combining fiber with a sealed wellbore helped in establishing the baseline for sealed wellbore pressure observation and its interpretation for future wells.

Data from both sources was captured successfully. Frac-hits identified by fiber were further endorsed by sealed wellbore pressure data along with the frac-hit time, with an excellent correlation of R2-0.93. Results of this trial showed two distinct responses for two different designs (design-A and design-B). High volume to first response (VFR) in design-A compared to design-B initially suggested a more heterogeneous fracture network being created in design-A. However, frac corridors from fiber data showed that the majority of design-A frac corridors were reactivating previous stages and resulting in high VFRs. On the other hand, design-B had a more effective fracture corridor with significantly less overlap to the previous stages, resulting in low VFRs. Moreover, frac-hits were more intense and contained in design-B compared to design-A. This paper will present the impact of these two different designs on production.

Lessons learned, interpretation best practices for both fiber and sealed-wellbore monitoring pressure, and the correlation among major KPIs (being estimated from the acquired data) will be presented in this article for cases where both technologies were run into a single wellbore. This helped better characterize the fracture growth and will help in future job planning and interpretation of the data for frac characterization.
Research of Operational Dynamics of a Well with Two Hydraulic Fractures with Use of Marked Proppant Penetrating into One Productive Formation
Authors: Malyavko Evgeniy , Upadhye Vishwajit , Husein Nadir
Published: September 2023

Use of a marked proppant during hydraulic fracturing allows for evaluation of the well operation during several years without extra expenses. The Paper describes the experience of placement of a polymer-coated marked proppant with different signatures for two hydraulic fracturing operations, penetrating into the top and the bottom of the productive formation by a vertical well. Hydraulic fracturing operation was performed in such a way that the hydraulic fractures made a single fracture, where two signatures of a marked proppant were placed.
Pattern Fracturing: Concept, Simulation, and Case History of Platform-Based Completion and Fracturing Optimization
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Jian , Lei Qihong , Zhang Tongwu , He Youan , Luo Yin , Ma Fujian , Wang Bo
Published: September 2023

Inspired by the success of North American unconventional resources, many shale oil operators in China adopted the intensive completion and fracturing practice for field development. The intention of the aggressive scheme was to improve individual well productivity as well as the ultimate recovery. Similar to the shale oil counterpart in North America, however, frequent frac hits have been reported in the recent years, and the increase of the engineering parameters has not always increased field productivity. Based on geo-engineering work in Ordos basin, we developed and tested an innovative strategy, pattern fracturing, to solve this issue, and it proved to be an effective and low-cost completion and fracturing optimization method for reservoir management.

Pattern fracturing differs from the previous field practice by dividing pad wells into two groups, each with a distinctive strategy for the job design and execution sequence. One group is defined as energy charger (EC) and the other as reinforced producer (RP). EC wells adapt to the large-volume high-rate fracturing practice to maintain the long-term reservoir pressure. The RP wells adapted to an intensive staging with low-volume low-rate fracturing practice, which aims to create a better near-wellbore flowing environment. EC wells are to be completed earlier than the RP wells, so that the RP well engineering parameters can use the previous monitoring and observation as a reference. Essentially, pattern fracturing is a platform-based reservoir management approach.

Pattern fracturing was evaluated with reservoir simulation for validity and then put into practice in a five-well testing site on platform-A in Ordos basin. The result from the pattern fracturing trial was encouraging. In addition to the lower horsepower consumption, the higher efficiency of job execution, and fewer perceived frac hits from offset wells, the production performance from platform-A showed positive results in both EC and RP wells. This indicates that by assigning the wells into different groups and refining the strategy and design for each of group, there is a good chance of improving the productivity with less cost.

Pattern fracturing is an innovative completion and fracturing optimization approach with reservoir management purposes used in horizontal well groups, particularly fit for the scenario of unconventional resources.
Application of Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing for Tight Oil Reservoir with low frequency
Authors: Shi Xian , Xu Hongxing , Han Lei , Wang Daobing , Ni Hongjian
Published: September 2023

A promising stimulation technique to increase effective permeability is pulse hydraulic fracturing. A particular frequency of fracturing fluid injection causes rock failure and may lead to the formation of a complex fracture network due to cyclic loading. When compared to hydraulic fracturing, pulse hydraulic fracturing has produced better fluid extraction results. Although it would be extremely difficult given the various downhole operating conditions, adopting pulse hydraulic fracturing technology to enhance the fracturing effect of tight reservoirs is an issue that merits consideration. This study developed an experimental setup for triaxial rock that was subjected to cyclic damage at various frequencies and amplitudes. Moreover, this study developed an experimental setup for triaxial rock that was subjected to cyclic damage with low amplitudes. The pulse frequency can be adjusted from 0 to 50Hz, and the pulse pressure amplitude varies from 1MPa to 5MPa. The comparison of rock failure studies under various cyclic loads as well as the impact of various hydraulic pulse parameters and rock characteristics on rock damage were done. According to experimental findings, load amplitude affects rock compressive strength and breakdown pressure differently depending on the rock's qualities. The impact on rock's compressive and tensile strength grows as pulse pressure amplitude increases. The influence on rock fracture pressure increases initially with an increase in hydraulic pulse processing time before tending to stabilize. The compressive and tensile strength of rock samples were reduced by 15% and 12%, respectively, while the drop rate of the breakdown pressure was roughly 18%. Hydraulic pulse has the largest impact on tight reservoirs collected from various levels of the Ordos Basin in China. High fluid pressure is advantageous for quick fracture initiation and propagation, but low fluid pressure might cause the fracture to originate and propagate with a protracted pulse fracturing time. A downhole hydraulic pulse generator is conceived and created based on the experimental findings that the preferred hydraulic pulse frequency is between 18 and 20 Hz. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the generator's performance satisfies the design specifications. Field trials of pulse hydraulic fracturing with low amplitude were carried out in 2 oil wells in a tight reservoir. The actual application demonstrates that the average breakdown pressure was reduced obviously and the average daily production per well increased significantly compared to adjacent wells with similar geological and reservoir conditions.
Innovative Acoustic System for Data Detecting in Open Hole Multi Stage Frac Completions
Authors: Malik Muhammad Usman , Alaithan Monaf S , BoHulaiqa Mugdad M
Published: September 2023

The importance of data accuracy cannot be overstated, especially in the oilfield where every second counts. It is important to know exactly what is happening down the hole and act quickly in case of emergencies. However, the importance of data accuracy goes far beyond just decision making as it improves productivity. A pioneering project in the middle east has utilized a new acoustic monitoring technology to improve data accuracy in open hole multi-stage frac operations.

An innovative acoustic monitoring system has been developed in order to have an additional layer of acoustic and pressure data to detect and confirm events in real time. This technology utilizes sounds and pressure data to verify what is happening downhole. The system is very compact and can typically be rigged up and ready to acquire data in less than two hours. Pressure transducers installed in the treatment line and the ball injector line collect and display data in real time. The system collects data at a very high rate as data shows pressure in 10,000 samples per second compared to the conventional pressure sensor which shows pressure in 3 samples per second.

The new acoustic monitoring system proved to be a success as it shows clear indications of balls launching from the surface, balls landing on the seat and shifting of sleeves. The trial test well included five stages, only three of which were stimulated. Each stage utilized a single-entry port and was flanked by two open hole packers, one on each side in 5.875in open hole. In the first stage, the acoustic monitoring system successfully showed the pressure drop and captured an acoustic signature during rupturing the disc of the hydraulic valve. In the second and third stages, the system showed clear acoustic signatures during ball launching, ball landing on seats and sleeves shifting. In addition, the system also captured clear pressure indications during shifting of sleeves. This data cleared any doubts that could have occurred during the frac operation in multi-stage fracturing and saved a lot of time that could have been wasted reaching a decision on whether sleeves have been shifted or not. The new acoustic monitoring system improved the overall efficiency of the operation by capturing all events and hence increases the confidence of the operator in the downhole tools.

The successful completion of these trial tests shows how critical having reliable data on a timely basis. It includes a number of multi-stage frac technologies with an additional layer of acoustic monitoring which allowed operator to see in real-time downhole operation changes within equipment. This new acoustic monitoring technology proves to be beneficial especially in cases where pressure signatures are not clear. Having reliable data that explains the situation downhole would improve the visibility and help decision makers to act or react quickly.
Thermochemical Fluids: A Promising Technology to Enhance Breakers Performance and Ultimate Cleanup of Frac Fluids
Authors: Al-Taq Ali Abdullah , Aljawad Murtada Saleh , Alfakher Basil Mansour , Aldarweesh Sajjad Seed
Published: September 2023

Cleanup of fracturing fluids is an imperative key in the success of the whole fracturing operation. Breakers, one of the main fracturing fluids additives, are commonly used to degrade polymers and thus provide better cleanup. Encapsulation of the breakers is a common practice used to avoid premature viscosity reduction of fracturing fluids, allow the placement of elevated breaker concentrations within the proppant pack, and permit a controlled release of the active material after the proppant is placed. Lack of sufficient release of active material from the encapsulated breakers will negatively impact the outcome of the cleanup process and ultimately the outcome of the fracturing treatments in enhancing oil/gas well productivity. Lab tests conducted on guar gum-based fracturing fluids showed that the release of active material from the encapsulated breakers was directly proportional to temperature.

Thermochemical fluids (TCFs) of interest in this study were ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). The reaction of the TCFs is associated with generation of huge amounts of heat and nitrogen gas. The amounts of heat and nitrogen gas generated from the TCFs were found to be dependent on the TCFs volume and concentration. According to laboratory testing, the heat produced by the TCFs reaction has a tendency to dramatically reduce the viscosity of fracturing fluids from a few hundreds to a few centipoises. Also, the generated nitrogen is expected to reduce the well hydrostatic pressure and ultimately enhance the cleanup process. The TCFs reaction is triggered either by acid or heat.

This paper studies in detail the reactivity of TCFs in terms of concentration and volumes using a closed PVT cell and a high temperature high pressure (HTHP) autoclave system. The effect of heat generated by TCFs reaction on the reduction of fracturing fluid's viscosity was investigated using the HTHP filter press.
Integration of Fracturing Memory Production Logging Tool (MPLT) with Multistage Smart Tracer Program for Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation and Flowback Efficiency Assessment
Authors: Al Raisi O. , Al Yaaribi A. , Kurniadi S. D.
Published: September 2023

In Burhaan west field, Oman, the contribution of zones in multistage fracturing is critical information during well evaluation. Although many methodologies are available to evaluate zonal contribution, all have some disadvantages, particularly in application to tight gas wells; therefore, an integrated surveillance is required to confirm the result. Understanding the zone contribution provides a greater understanding of the reservoir and geological features and promotes a successful fracturing result.

The development strategy of tight gas often requires close-to-real-time post-fracturing performance following multistage fracturing due to the shut-in period limitation of the fractured wells. The result is important to improve the target reservoir development strategy of the entire field. A chemical tracer in combination with a memory production logging tool (MPLT) was selected as a solution to this challenge. A unique oil and water tracer pair was pumped during the main treatment of the stage for post-fracturing flow profile mapping assessment. In addition, a sampling campaign was initiated to identify potential communication and crossflows. The memory production logging tool was then run to provide the flow confirmation of each zone.

The overall process decreased the operational time and the learning curve and refined geological assumptions without sacrificing the effectiveness of the fracture treatment in terms of conductivity and gas recovery. The tracers’ data integration with the MPLT data helped to improve the target reservoir development approach and provided a continuous performance flow profile for the long term. The data were used to optimize the 3D fracture modeling and design, achieve the best flowback strategy, and significantly enhance the understanding of the reservoir geology for the field. In addition, analysis of the chemical tracers over several months provided insight into the continuous flow profiles leading to optimizing fracturing performance and design strategy in the field on a regular basis, based on the updated result.

Since the Burhaan Northwest high-pressure high-temperature gas wells are being completed with multistage cemented fracturing designs rather than openhole stimulation, a chemical tracer in combination with the memory production log played a key role in delivering zone contribution data. Results of the work include documentation of the step-by-step planning and surveillance setup of the zone contribution in combination with the outcome achieved and the usefulness of the data.
Cemented Multi Stage Fracturing Completion System – An Alternative to Open Hole MSF and Plug and Perf
Authors: Rodoplu Rasim Serdar , Malik Ataur R. , Hababi Ali H. , Al-Mohanna Khalid S.
Published: September 2023

Open Hole Multi Stage Fracturing (OH MSF) completion system technologies and Plug and Perf (P&P) technique are being utilized with the goal of increasing hydrocarbon production for years. However, due to unfavorable open hole well conditions, increased number of stages and limitations of open hole packers under challenging HPHT environments, some of OH MSF completions planned are converted to cemented liners. P&P is the only option for multi stage fracturing in the event of cemented liner completions. This paper discusses if cemented MSF can be an alternative to OH MSF completion systems as well as P&P and expands the technology portfolio for multi stage fracturing.

The new cemented MSF completion system consists of a cementable hydraulic frac port opened by applying pressure in the first stage and multiple cementable fracturing ports for the next stages that are opened by dropping activation balls during rig-less fracturing operations. Stage zonal isolation is not dependent on mechanical, swellable or metal expandable packers and relies on cement behind the completion. Zonal isolation can be achieved with cement in the absence of gauged hole. The deployment of the lower completion is much less sensitive to the washed out or over gauged hole condition than that of an OH MSF system. Moreover, cement on the annulus ensures integrity of stage isolation while minimizing liner deformation and maximizing full well accessibility after multi-stage stimulation treatments.

This was the first time a 15k psi pressure rated cemented multi-stage fracturing completion system was successfully deployed and stimulated through in the area. The implementation had qualified and field-tested the novel completion methodology which resulted in successful multi-stage stimulation operations. Production rate was enhanced in the well completed with the cemented MSF when compared with offset wells having OH MSF and P&P completions. The novel system without isolation packers and less string stiffness was easy to deploy and allowed for precise frac initiation point through continuous cement behind the liner. Compared to P&P, the cemented MSF system maximized the operational efficiency and cost saving by eliminating the need of wireline perforation and frac plug milling with CT.

To address the challenges encountered in deploying OH MSF completions, cemented liner and P&P operations, it was necessary to develop a new completion strategy providing commercial production rates comparable to results achieved from OH MSF completions. This paper seeks an answer to whether cemented MSF completion system can be an alternative to OH MSF systems or P&P technique. Successful implementation of a cemented MSF completion that utilizes cementable sleeves capable of withstanding high fracturing pressures and harsh environments improves attending tight formations in an efficient and cost-effective manner and diversifies the efforts in exploiting tight HPHT formations.
Greater physical fitness (Vo2Max) in healthy older adults associated with increased integrity of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenergic system
Authors: Plini Emanuele RG , Melnychuk Michael C. , Andrews Ralph , Boyle Rory T. , Whelan Robert , Spence Jeffrey S. , Chapman Sandra B. , Robertson Ian H. , Dockree Paul M.
Published: September 2023

Physical activity (PA) is a key component for brain health and Reserve, and it is among the main dementia protective factors. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning Reserve are not fully understood. In this regard, a noradrenergic (NA) theory of cognitive reserve (Robertson, 2013) has proposed that the upregulation of NA system might be a key factor for building reserve and resilience to neurodegeneration because of the neuroprotective role of NA across the brain. PA elicits an enhanced catecholamine response, in particular for NA. By increasing physical commitment, a greater amount of NA is synthetised in response to higher oxygen demand. More physically trained individuals show greater capabilities to carry oxygen resulting in greater Vo2max – a measure of oxygen uptake and physical fitness (PF). In the current study, we hypothesised that greater Vo2 max would be related to greater Locus Coeruleus (LC) MRI signal intensity. As hypothesised, greater Vo2max related to greater LC signal intensity across 41 healthy adults (age range 60-72). As a control procedure, in which these analyses were repeated for the other neuromodulators’ seeds (for Serotonin, Dopamine and Acetylcholine), weaker associations emerged. This newly established link between Vo2max and LC-NA system offers further understanding of the neurobiology underpinning Reserve in relationship to PA. While this study supports Robertson’s theory proposing the upregulation of the noradrenergic system as a possible key factor building Reserve, it also provide grounds for increasing LC-NA system resilience to neurodegeneration via Vo2max enhancement.
Fatigue life analysis of a composite materials structure using allowable strain criteria
Authors: Turbin Nikolai , Shelkov Kirill , Ivanov Yuri , Chashin Nikolai
Published: September 2023

In the current research, a method for estimation of the durability of a structure based on an integrated calculation of static and fatigue strength according to the criterion of allowable strain is presented. The proposed technique is demonstrated for the upper stringer panel of the wing design. In the course of calculations, several combinations of design service goals, levels of allowable strains, and levels of cyclic stresses were considered. As a result, the relative values of stiffness degradation and the required safety ratios of static strength were obtained.
POP-Brominated Flame Retardants in plastic childcare products and toys: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mlelwa Rebecca , Rother Hanna-Andrea
Published: September 2023

Background
Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) are hazardous chemicals banned globally in 2009 under the Stockholm Convention due to their toxic effects. POP-BFRs cause adverse environmental and health impacts, including endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive effects and neurobehavioral and developmental disorders in children. Children have unique vulnerabilities that put them at a higher risk as compared to adults. Emerging literature suggests that POP-BFRs are increasingly found in consumer products, including those used for and by children. The rising problem is attributed to toxic recycling practices within the circular economy and exemptions introduced by the Stockholm Convention's conference of parties to allow the recycling of POP-BFRs in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The recycled products are thus contaminated with legacy POP-BFRs. The presence of POP-BFRs in childcare products and toys is a big concern considering children's unique vulnerabilities. While the scope of this problem is not fully known, we aim to summarise the global evidence on the extent to which plastic childcare products and toys are contaminated with legacy POP-BFRS to inform decision-making.
Methods
Our scoping review will follow a methodology recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be retrieved from electronic databases and other relevant sites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by a full-text review. Data will be extracted and grouped according to the study settings, types of samples, levels detected and classes of POP-BFRs, and quantitatively presented using frequency counts. A narrative description will be used to summarise and discuss the evidence and any gaps identified in the current literature.
Discussion
Information about potential exposures that children face is essential for making informed decisions, yet such information is often insufficient or lacking. Our intention is to synthesize the evidence to inform decisions. Findings will be disseminated through publishing in scientific journals, media for the public, policy briefs for decision-makers and presentations at professional meetings.
Scoping review registration:
The protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7KDE5).
Vedolizumab-associated Nasopharyngitis in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Trials
Authors: Liao Zicheng
Published: September 2023

Vedolizumab is a new biologic therapy that selectively inhibits α4β7 integrin in the gut to alleviate inflammation, making it a promising treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease. This meta-analysis investigated the correlation between vedolizumab treatment and nasopharyngitis incidence, as well as the effect of different formulations on nasopharyngitis occurrence. Six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated that the incidence of nasopharyngitis adverse events in the vedolizumab group was higher than that in the placebo control group, and the intravenous formulation group had a higher incidence than the placebo group. However, subcutaneous administration did not increase the incidence of nasopharyngitis adverse events. Vedolizumab may be a promising treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease, but the potential risk of nasopharyngitis should be considered, especially for intravenous formulation.
Efficacy and safety of Thoracoscopic-guided Multiple Paravertebral Block for Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy Surgery A Randomized Blinded Controlled Study
Authors: Li Zhixiong , Lin Qingshui , Lin Liangqing , Wu Qinghua , Ke Pinhui , Chen Huan , Lin Chunlan , Yu Yaohua
Published: September 2023

Background
Paravertebral block (PVB) has been increasingly popular for postoperative analgesia. However, few studies estimated the efficacy and safety of multiple PVB using thoracoscope-assisted technique for intraoperative analgesia and postoperative pain management for video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS LOBECTOMY).
Methods
A total of 120 patients scheduled for VATS LOBECTOMY were randomly assigned into two groups, to either placebo group or PBV group in a 1:2 ratio. Thoracoscopic-guided multi-points PVB was carried out with 0.5% ropivacaine (PVB group) or 0.9% NaCl (placebo group) at the beginning and the end of the surgery. The primary endpoint was intraoperative opioid consumption.
Results
Intraoperative opioids consumption was significantly lower in PVB group (878.14 ± 98.37 vs. 1432.20 ± 383.53 for remifentanil; 123.83 ± 17.98 vs. 266.42 ± 41.97 for fentanyl). Postoperatively, significantly longer duration of first time PCIA usage, less times of analgesic pump pressing and less rescue analgetic consumption were observed in PVB group. VAS scores at rest and during exercising were significantly lower in PVB group at all time points within the first 48h after surgery. PVB group was also associated with significantly higher total QoR-40 scores and lower incidence of analgesia related adverse events.
Conclusions
Thoracoscopic-guided multiple PVB was simple and effective in controlling pain both intra- and postoperatively for VATS LOBECTOMY. It was also associated with absence of detrimental effects due to opioid overuse and benefits of the early resumption of activity and physical function recovery.
Utilizing the highly efficient bimetallic-organic framework (Fe, Cu)/carbon nanotubes composite for the heterogeneous Fenton-like process
Authors: Parsa Jalal Basiri , Tahmasebi Pouya , Jafari Farnaz
Published: September 2023

Bimetallic-organic framework (Fe, Cu)/carbon nanotubes as a novel heterogeneous catalyst prepared through a simple and efficient solvothermal method has been utilized in Fenton-like process for the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7). The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the five-level central composite design (CCD) has been employed for investigation the interaction between four effective variables including pH, H2O2 concentration, catalyst dose and reaction time. The results of optimization revealed that maximum AO7 degradation efficiency (92.76%) was attained at the optimum conditions of pH=3.8, H2O2 concentration = 25 mM, reaction time=23 min and catalyst dose=237.5 mg L-1. Interestingly, it was found that in addition to the role of Fe and Cu species on the surface of Fe0.67Cu0.33(BDC)@CNT, the surface oxygen-functional groups on the CNT leads to faster Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling and efficient performance over a wider pH range. Furthermore, five sequential cycles confirmed the reusability of Fe0.67Cu0.33(BDC)@CNT catalyst. The concluding remarks of this study provide beneficial results for developing and utilizing advanced MOF-based catalysts for efficient environmental remediation.
The discovery of self-compatibility in the 1EBN Solanum malmeanum (Solanaceae) reveals novel source of genetic variability for diploid potato breeding
Authors: Nicolao Rodrigo , Castro Caroline M. , Heiden Gustavo
Published: September 2023

F1 hybrid potato breeding at the diploid level requires the development of new inbred lines from self-compatible germplasm. This study was carried out to search for new sources of self-compatible diploid wild potatoes focusing on the 1EBN species Solanum malmeanum. Five diploid accessions from Embrapa potato genebank were screened to evaluate their reproductive behavior and check if the production of viable seeds when self-pollinated results from successful fertilizations or apomixis. Measurements of the pollen were taken, and pollen viability was evaluated. Five treatments based on controlled crosses assessed gametes compatibility; response to self-pollination; occurrence of parthenocarpy and/or apomixis; and tested the accessions for autogamy and allogamy. Pollen viability vary from 96% to 100%, with viable pollen size varying from 20 µm to 22 µm. Cross-pollinations confirmed that all accessions produced viable gametes and are allogamous, since pollen tube growth confirmed fertilization in treatments where seeds were set. No accession produced parthenocarpic fruit nor apomictic seeds. Four self-pollinated accessions were self-incompatible with no fruit and seeds set. Self-incompatibility was due to a pre-zygotic barrier confirmed by inhibited pollen tube growth at 1/3 style length in BRA 00183778-0 and 2/3 in BRA 00167071-0, BRA 00167093-4, and BRA 00183754-1. One self-pollinated accession (BRA 00183755-8) produced 3 fruits totalizing 51 seeds. The self-compatibility in this accession was confirmed based on the image record of pollen tubes reaching the ovules, thus rejecting apomixis, which also did not occur in control (non-manipulated bagged flowers) and emasculated bagged flowers. The 51 endogamic seeds obtained were sown, and 17 seedlings were obtained, from which 16 tuberized. Still, further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the self-compatibility, such as S-locus inhibitor (Sli), malfunction of S-RNase or HT genes.
Unexpected failure of regional marine cloud brightening in a warmer world
Authors: Ricke Katharine , Wan Jessica , Chen Chih-Chieh (Jack) , Tilmes Simone , Luongo Matthew , Richter Jadwiga
Published: September 2023

Marine cloud brightening is a solar geoengineering1–3 proposal to cool atmospheric temperatures and reduce some impacts of climate change. To-date, modeling studies of solar geoengineering have primarily focused on large-scale schemes with objectives of stabilizing or mediating changes in global mean temperature4–7. However, these global proposals pose substantial governance challenges8–10, making regional interventions tailored toward targeted climate outcomes potentially more attractive in the near-term. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of regional marine cloud brightening in the North Pacific designed to mitigate extreme heat in the Western United States. We find cloud brightening in a remote mid-latitude region cools our target region more than brightening in a proximate subtropical region, but both schemes reduce the relative risk of dangerous summer heat exposure under present-day conditions, by 39% and 25% respectively. However, the same cloud brightening interventions under mid-century warming produce significantly hotter rather than cooler summers, both in the Western U.S. and other areas of the world. We trace this loss of efficacy to a nonlinear response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to the combination of greenhouse gas driven warming and regional cloud brightening. Our result demonstrates a risk in assuming that regional interventions that are effective under certain conditions will remain effective as the climate continues to change.
Randomized controlled trial of a positive emotion regulation intervention to reduce stress in family caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: Protocol and design for the LEAF 2.0 study
Authors: Grote Veronika , Leong Caroline , Summers Amanda , Dowling Glenna , Snowberg Kari , Cotten Paul , Cheung Elaine , Yang DerShung , Addington Elizabeth L. , Moskowitz Judith T.
Published: September 2023

Background
Caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s disease can be stressful, resulting in poorer emotional and physical health among family caregivers. Although supportive resources for caregivers are available, distance, caregiver health, and the daily demands of caregiving are barriers to access. Based on research demonstrating the importance of positive emotions in coping with stress, our previous trial showed that dementia caregivers who participated in facilitated, web-based delivery of a positive emotion regulation intervention called LEAF (Life Enhancing Activities for Family caregivers) experienced increased positive emotion and decreased depression and anxiety. Building on this evidence, the LEAF 2.0 study aims to test whether web-based, self-guided delivery can confer similar benefits for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.
Methods
This paper presents the design and methods for LEAF 2.0, a 3-arm web-based randomized controlled trial (N = 500) in which family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are randomized to 1) the LEAF intervention facilitated remotely via the web (N = 200), 2) the LEAF intervention self-guided online (N = 200), or 3) an emotion reporting control (N = 100), which then crosses over to the intervention after approximately 6 months, half to the facilitated arm and half to the self-guided arm. We aim to 1) compare the effect of facilitated and self-guided LEAF positive emotion intervention to an emotion reporting control condition on AD caregiver well-being (positive emotion, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress) and secondary outcomes (caregiving burden, caregiving self-efficacy, positive aspects of caregiving, quality of care, and AD patient quality of life); 2) assess whether effects are mediated by improvements in positive emotion or other aspects of caregiver well-being; and 3) test whether caregiver age or gender or the care recipient’s dementia severity moderates the effects of the intervention.
Discussion
If demonstrated to be effective, LEAF 2 can be widely disseminated and ultimately have a significant impact on the stress experienced by AD caregivers and the well-being of people living with Alzheimer’s disease.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03610698