bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoking habits, knowledge and smoking attitudes among primary healthcare workers in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Pei Kit Low , Abu Saad Hazizi , Jamaluddin Rosita , Huei Phing Chee
Published: December 2022

A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the smoking habits of primary healthcare workers, their knowledge about the harmful effects and health risks of smoking, as well as their attitudes towards not smoking. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. There were 261 primary healthcare workers in Perak, Malaysia recruited in this study. The results showed that there were only 4.6% (n=12) ever smokers and 2.7% (n=7) current smokers in this study. More than 75% of primary healthcare workers reported having friends and family members who smoked. The majority of the primary healthcare workers had good knowledge regarding the health risks and harmful effects of smoking. They also possessed positive attitudes towards not smoking. The females, those in the high-income group, the health service providers and the non-smokers had significantly higher scores in both their knowledge about smoking and positive attitudes towards not smoking (p<0.05). The primary healthcare workers with tertiary educational levels were significantly associated with positive attitudes towards not smoking (p<0.05). Gender and occupational status were the strongest predictors for knowledge about the health risks of smoking (p≤0.001), knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking (p≤0.001) and attitudes towards not smoking (p≤0.001). Health service providers, and females had the highest awareness of smoking. The high percentage of health service providers reported having friends and family members who smoked in this study should be given more attention. Implementation of more free-smoke areas could be use as strategy to reduce exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.
Student academic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ibda Hamidulloh , Wulandari Tri Suraning , Abdillah Aufa , Hastuti Asih Puji , Mahsun Mahsun
Published: December 2022

This article presents systematic literature review related to student academic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the latest literature. Although there have been similar studies, there are still few that present the newest literature review related to student academic stress during the pandemic. This article uses the systematic review literature method to identify, evaluate, and interpret existing research results with the help of Publish or Perish version 7, VOSviewer, and NVIVO 12 plus applications. The release of articles in scopus indexed journals is limited to three years, namely 2020-2022. From the search results in the Publish or Perish version 7 application, there are 248 articles indexed by Scopus, then selected papers according to compatible themes into 50 pieces. The findings of the topics are stress, students, academic-related stress, academic performance, posttraumatic stress disorder, health psychology, academic achievement, emotional intelligence, depression, COVID-19, online exam, academic success, academic engagement, insomnia, and coping. These 50 articles were analyzed according to the topics set through the NVIVO 12 plus application and described the results according to research questions. This article contributes to subsequent research and studies the theme of student academic stress during the pandemic.
Sexual harassment prevention program for Indonesian nursing aides: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tallutondok Eva Berthy , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Shih Ya-Ling , Pranata Satriya
Published: December 2022

Available evidence suggests that sexual harassment is widespread among Indonesian nurse aids working overseas, however little research has been done on the topic. This study investigated the effectiveness of sexual harassment prevention program for Indonesian foreign nursing aides working in long term care in Taiwan. Average work experience was 54.8 months and 93% of participants were female. We used mixed methods followed by a focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Most participants had higher post-test scores, indicating a significant positive change in their awareness about sexual harassment (effect size r=0.84). More work experience correlated with less sexual harassment and greater job satisfaction. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Four themes emerged from the discussion: harassment may not be intentional, perpetrators are male patients, communicating in an effective and timely manner is important, and personal safety on the job is a concern. Although sexual harassment prevention programs are important for nurse aides, these programs should also include patients, their families, and staff members at long term care facilities. Further recommend the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office in Taiwan collaborate with private agencies to provide legal protection and training programs on these issues.
The relationship between family support system with maternal postpartum rage
Authors: Fikri Miftahul , Neviyarni Neviyarni , Afdal Afdal
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the mediating effect of social support with postpartum rage on young mothers during the first to twenty-four months. Method in this research is c a cross-sectional survey design was used in this quantitative non-experimental research. Subject of young mothers who have delivered the children aged one to twenty-four months women who lived in the area of west Sumatera. This study used edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) to measure which focuses on postpartum rage and the social support system scale to measure social support. Data analysis spearman Rho correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and path coefficients. After data from 121 participants were analyzed, the results of measurement showed a significant difference between postpartum rage that occurred in the group of young mothers who had their first child, which was greater than those who had a second or third child. Pregnancy has a partially mediating effect on the relationship between anger during pregnancy and postnatal depression in the first month. Findings highlight the importance of social support with high postpartum rage and provide interventions to increase their social support.
Use of telehealth during COVID-19 pandemic in India: literature review
Authors: Chandak Alaka , Holkar Mrudula , Moghe Abhishek , Washikar Ketaki
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 has provided an unprecedented opportunity to expand access and coverage to the country's healthcare system via telehealth. Because of the growing need for telemedicine by healthcare providers, the Medical Council of India issued Practice Guidelines in March 2020. Medical specialties like ophthalmology, dermatology, and neurology offered telehealth services during pandemics. Low-middle-income countries like India are highly dependent on out-of-pocket expenses for health services. Thus, there is a need to understand telehealth's accessibility, feasibility and affordability. This review aims to understand trends regarding the access and patient response to telehealth in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed published papers to understand better accessibility and patient response to the healthcare delivery systems via telehealth in India. The results of this review showed that patients were satisfied with the use of telehealth. Healthcare providers and patients believe telehealth can be suitable for various healthcare services, including follow-up visits in clinical disciplines and minor health problems. In conclusion, for Telehealth to understand further, quality evidence must be available, and its role in developing integrated parts of the healthcare system to be defined.
Beliefs about the smoking effect on COVID-19 as significant factors in smoking cessation efforts
Authors: Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Yustiyani Yustiyani , Nasir Narila Mutia , Kurniawan Deni Wahyudi
Published: December 2022

Owing to the various scientific evidence linking smoking to the increased risk of developing severe disease and death from the COVID-19 pandemic, now is a critical time for smokers to cut back or quit. This study aimed to analyze the influence of beliefs about smoking effects in relation to COVID-19 and attempts to quit smoking among university student smokers in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study was conducted in three different universities. As many as 198 respondents who were conveniently selected participated in this study. The health belief model (HBM) was adopted to determine the independent variables in this study. Having had a previous infection of COVID-19 influenced the smoking quitting attempts (AOR: 3.87, 1.49–10.0). Moreover, the belief that smoking increased COVID-19 severity, having a friend who reminded the respondents to not smoke during the pandemic, and having the ability to terminate smoking also increased the possibility for respondents to have a quit smoking attempt. However, perceived barriers such as feeling uncomfortable without smoking (AOR: 0.31, 0.15-0.6) were a protective factor against the attempt to quit smoking. Increasing smokers’ confidence to quit smoking and education about the risk of smoking during the pandemic should be intensified to support smokers in successfully quitting the smoking habit.
Anxiety level and functional dyspepsia incidence during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zulfitri Zulfitri , Maghfirah Desi , Ridho Akbar Eljatin Muhammad , Firdausa Sarah , Zahra Zulfa
Published: December 2022

The adaptation process of the learning system, the hospital environment, and the high risk of COVID-19 infection can be stressors for anxiety in clinical clerkship. Through the brain-gut–axis, the interaction of psychological factors, such as anxiety, can trigger symptoms related to functional dyspepsia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and functional dyspepsia during the COVID-19 pandemic among clinical clerkship students. This research was conducted on clinical clerkship students/young doctors in 2021. This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach and involved 131 respondents. The hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) questionnaire was utilized to quantify the level of anxiety, while functional dyspepsia was measured based on Rome IV criteria. The data were analyzed by the Lambda (λ) coefficient of correlation test. This study revealed a significant relationship between anxiety level and functional dyspepsia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Phthalates exposure as environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fauziah Munaya , Suhartono Suhartono , Widjanarko Bagoes , Gasem Muhammad Hussein
Published: December 2022

Phthalates exposure occurs in all areas, such as foods' plastic packaging, cosmetics, and others. Previous studies showed that phthalates are associated with the prevalence of T2DM. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by a combination of defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the insulin-resistance. This study aimed to investigate whether phthalate exposure is an environmental risk factor for T2DM. A case-control study was conducted among residents in the South Tangerang district from June 2020 to February 2021 using a purposive sampling technique. The cases were the patients   diagnosed T2DM with HbA1c>6.5% random blood sugar>200 mg/dL, with history T2DM treatment. The respondents' urines were collected and evaluated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). A total of 47 cases and 47 controls were recruited in the study. The lowest monomethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were 5.37 µg/L and 2.02 µg/L, respectively. On multivariable regression analysis, the high urinary MEP level (>131.91 µg/L) was independently associated with T2DM (OR: 3.754, 95% CI: 1.559–8.811, p-value: 0.002). MEP is an environmental risk factor for T2DM and likely has a significant impact on human health than MEHHP.
Work-life balance and job satisfaction of shipyard industry employees in Surabaya
Authors: Nugroho Shani Agung , Paskarini Indriati , Pratiwi Xindy Imey
Published: December 2022

Job satisfaction is a contented feeling of employees when they are able to fulfill expectations for needs with good work-life balance conditions so that they can work effectively and efficiently. The goal of this study was to find out how workers in the shipyard industry feel about their work-life balance and how happy they are with their jobs. The variables were the characteristics of employees (age, education level, marital status, and years of service). The data were shown in frequency distribution tables and cross tabulations. Chi-square test was employed to analyze the data. The work-life balance of employees was related to their age (sig. 0.039), but not to their level of education (sig. 0.723), marital status (sig. 0.535), or number of years of service (sig. 0.724). The results of statistical tests on the two main factors showed that work-life balance and job satisfaction were linked (sig. 0.019). Overall, employees in the shipyard industry were much happier with their jobs when they had a good balance between work and life. The company is expected to maintain the work-life balance of its employees to increase the job satisfaction of the workers and indirectly increase the achievement of work productivity in the company.
Psychosocial factors related to adolescent depressive symptom: systematic literature review
Authors: Dianovinina Ktut , Surjaningrum Endang Retno
Published: December 2022

Depressive disorder is currently ranked fourth in the world in the prevalence of mental disorders affecting adolescents. This position encourages the author to explore depression risk and protective factors of the particular population. This study aimed to present factors of risk or protection to the symptom development of adolescent depression. We conducted a systematic review of the literature searching in Science Direct and Springerlink to inquire about relevant articles. There were 21 studies published from 2016 to 2020 included in this study. As a result, 37 factors were categorized as psychological (personality trait, cognitive, emotion, behavior, and coping strategy) and social factors (social support, factors related to parents, and negative life events). Some factors are positively correlated with depression, while others negatively correlate with depression. The study results aspire to be the intervention target for minimizing the emergence symptoms of adolescent depression by developing positive personality traits, positive thinking, practical coping strategies skills to find social support and development of positive parenting practice.
Os doutorados profissionais em Educação Física no contexto das universidades de classe mundial
Authors: Lee Rosemary Theodoro , Calderón Adolfo-Ignacio , Mendonça Samuel
Published: December 2022

No Brasil, seguindo tendência do mundo anglo-saxão, os doutorados profissionais começaram a ser implementados após marco legal de 2017, desafiando os diversos programas de pós-graduação do país. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar se os Doutorados Profissionais em Educação Física são cursos comumente oferecidos pelas principais Universidades de Classe Mundial (UCM) e analisar as tendências desse tipo de doutorado nessas universidades. Tratou-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório, analítico-descritivo e comparativo que tomou como referência principal análise bibliográfica e de informações das páginas eletrônicas das universidades selecionadas. Para identificar as UCM, foi considerado o desempenho no Shanghai Ranking's - Global Ranking of Sport Science Schools and Departments (GRSSSD). Entre outras tendências, o estudo demonstrou que, embora seja comum a oferta nas principais universidades do mundo de Doutorados Profissionais em algumas áreas, como a Educação, o mesmo não acontece na área de Educação Física, sendo inusual sua existência entre as UCM, existindo diversas hipóteses explicativas.
Iniciação esportiva: perspectiva de alunos, pais e professores quanto às escolinhas de futebol
Authors: Silva Luis Felipe Nogueira , Cortez Caio Martins , Scaglia Alcides José
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa está embasada na busca de compreender as expectativas de pais, alunos e professores, no âmbito e foco na iniciação esportiva e tendo como cenário as instituições privadas de ensino, no caso, escolinhas de futebol, assim, quantificando e qualificando os objetivos de cada grupo. Utilizando questionários diferentes, aplicados em campo, mas relacionados, para os três agrupamentos pesquisados, obtendo um padrão dos grupos e analisando as semelhanças e as diferenças de expectativas dos mesmos. Conforme analisado, foram encontradas divergências de objetivos para as três categorias: os alunos correspondem a categoria da profissionalização (69%), os pais sinalizam para a categoria da socialização (77%), e os professores apresentam como maior expectativa a educação (60%).
Hashtags #sustentabilidade e #sustentabilidadeambiental no Instagram e YouTube: o uso da folksonomia em redes sociais
Authors: Rodrigues Victor Hugo Ferreira , Redigolo Franciele Marques , Condurú Marise Teles
Published: December 2022

Estudo da folksonomia, que é um processo linguístico resultante da etiquetagem colaborativa no ambiente da web, principalmente das redes sociais, com predominância no emprego de vocabulário livre, constituído de linguagem natural criada por usuários. Dessa forma, propõe-se como objetivo analisar a representação e a recuperação da informação pela folksonomia, por meio das hashtags #sustentabilidade e #sustentabilidadeambiental, inseridas nas redes sociais do Instagram e do YouTube. Para isso, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico, o qual ocorreu em bases de dados, constituindo pesquisa exploratória, no Instagram e no YouTube, descritiva, por meio da observação de 20 publicações, tanto da #sustentabilidade quanto com #sustentabilidadeambiental, e de abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados mostraram que a folksonomia é mais coerente no YouTube e estável no Instagram. Portanto, a folksonomia é uma ferramenta útil e dinâmica, nas redes sociais, sendo utilizada de modo mais consciente por parte do usuário, para fins de representação e recuperação da informação.
A dispersão em arquivos literários: um estudo à luz do acervo da escritora Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977)
Authors: Lopes Bruna Pimentel , Bizello Maria Leandra , Rodrigues Georgete Medleg
Published: December 2022

Considerando o crescimento do interesse pela obra de Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914-1977), assim como por seus manuscritos originais, este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o trajeto percorrido pelo arquivo literário da escritora e analisar o fenômeno da dispersão em arquivos literários a partir de seu acervo, buscando apontar as possíveis razões que motivaram a fragmentação e a dispersão do arquivo, uma vez que os documentos produzidos pela escritora estão distribuídos em diferentes instituições localizadas em Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Para tanto, adota-se uma abordagem qualitativa e se utiliza a pesquisa documental. A partir da análise dos dados, constata-se que atuaram como agentes de fragmentação e dispersão do acervo os jornalistas Audálio Dantas e Clélia Pisa, além de Vera Eunice, filha da escritora, e que a dispersão e fragmentação do arquivo literário é mesmo anterior ao falecimento de Carolina Maria de Jesus. Ademais, concluiu-se que a atribuição de significado histórico, testamentário e literário ao arquivo da escritora está intrinsecamente relacionado à sua valorização.
Participação, cooperação e projeto: reflexões sobre diferentes práticas participativas e suas distorções contemporâneas
Authors: Martins Joana
Published: December 2022

Este artigo parte das experiências e debates decorridos após a crise do modernismo para abordar os diferentes entendimentos dos conceitos de participação, cooperação e projeto. Nesse sentido, Sérgio Ferro acrescenta a esse debate um enfoque nos estudos da produção e do canteiro. Pensando em como essas questões ainda refletem na produção contemporânea e na economia neoliberal, apresento o exemplo das casas incrementais do escritório Elemental como um ponto de distorção do conceito de participação.
Unilateral Spatial Neglect Recovery Poststroke
Authors: Durfee Alexandra Zezinka , Hillis Argye E.
Published: December 2022

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a common and disabling cognitive consequence of stroke wherein individuals demonstrate decreased response to contralesional information. Here, we provide an updated narrative review of studies that shed light on the neural mechanisms and predictors of recovery of USN. Additionally, we report a rapid review of randomized controlled trials focusing on USN intervention, both nonpharmacological and pharmacological, published in the last 5 years. Randomized controlled trials are reviewed within the context of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of USN interventions published within the same time frame. The quality of randomized controlled trials of treatment is higher compared to quality reported in previous reviews and meta-analyses. However, remaining weaknesses in participant demographic reporting, as well as small, heterogenous samples, render generalizability and cross-study interpretation a challenge. Nevertheless, evidence regarding neural mechanisms underlying USN recovery and regarding the effectiveness of targeted USN interventions is accumulating and strengthening, setting the foundation for future investigations into patient-specific factors that may influence treatment response. We identify gaps and provide suggestions for future USN intervention research.
BLUE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A NEW AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF SEAS AND OCEANS
Authors: HABİP Elif , DOĞAN Ebru
Published: December 2022

The concept of sustainability, which has become increasingly important in recent years, has been examined in different dimensions and disciplines. The works of international organizations such as the UN in the field of sustainability and the goals of sustainable development have enabled the emergence and spread of studies on the environment and sustainability. The two elements particularly emphasized in the scope of the study are "clean water and/or sanitation" and "life in water," The concept of blue entrepreneurship has been brought to the fore within the framework of blue growth. While studies within the framework of the concept of green growth and green entrepreneurship were carried out widely, the seas and oceans remained in the background in connection with the climate crisis. The fact that aquatic life is under threat due to the pollution of the seas and oceans and the increase in water temperature is a turning point in terms of sustainability. With this consciousness, while the oceans and seas came to the forefront, the concept of blue growth gained importance. For this reason, to ensure sustainable development and blue growth within the scope of the climate crisis, the concept of "blue entrepreneurship" should be brought to the fore and studied from a broad perspective. This study aims to define the concept of blue entrepreneurship and determine its general framework. Accordingly, suggestions were presented to future researchers for the conceptual and multidisciplinary examination of blue entrepreneurship.
Identifying and Localizing Multiple Objects Using Artificial Ventral and Dorsal Cortical Visual Pathways
Authors: Han Zhixian , Sereno Anne
Published: December 2022

In our previous study (Han & Sereno, 2022a), we found that two artificial cortical visual pathways trained for either identity or space actively retain information about both identity and space independently and differently. We also found that this independently and differently retained information about identity and space in two separate pathways may be necessary to accurately and optimally recognize and localize objects. One limitation of our previous study was that there was only one object in each visual image, whereas in reality, there may be multiple objects in a scene. In this study, we find we are able to generalize our findings to object recognition and localization tasks where multiple objects are present in each visual image. We constrain the binding problem by training the identity network pathway to report the identities of objects in a given order according to the relative spatial relationships between the objects, given that most visual cortical areas including high-level ventral steam areas retain spatial information. Under these conditions, we find that the artificial neural networks with two pathways for identity and space have better performance in multiple-objects recognition and localization tasks (higher average testing accuracy, lower testing accuracy variance, less training time) than the artificial neural networks with a single pathway. We also find that the required number of training samples and the required training time increase quickly, and potentially exponentially, when the number of objects in each image increases, and we suggest that binding information from multiple objects simultaneously within any network (cortical area) induces conflict or competition and may be part of the reason why our brain has limited attentional and visual working memory capacities.
L’‘allitterazione della solitudine’ in Virgilio
Authors: Dainotti Paolo
Published: December 2022

The article focusses on a particular type of ‘pathetic alliteration’ in Virgil’s poetry which links the adjective solus with words strictly related in meaning. By means of a detailed stylistic analysis of passages from Aeneid, Eclogues and Georgics the author demonstrates the stylistically motivated use of this kind of alliteration and shows how sound effects are usually combined with other stylistic figures charging the diction with expressiveness.
Il Περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: un inedito testo isagogico nel Vaticanus gr. 279
Authors: Ecca Giulia
Published: December 2022

In the folia 275r–276r of the MS. Vaticanus gr. 279 we find a so far unedited text, which shows some similarities with other late antique and Byzantine medical writings on the four humors. However, this new text reveals particular features, like, for example, manifest parallels with the pseudo-Galenic Introductio sive medicus, that emphasize its isagogical (i.e., introductive) function. In this article, I offer the first critical edition, with Italian translation and notes of commentary, of this new text from the Byzantine period.
Taxonomic notes on Cyperus (Cyperaceae: Cypereae) from northeastern Brazil
Authors: MATZENAUER WILLIAM , PEREIRA-SILVA LUCIANA , M. HEFLER SONIA , ALVES MARCCUS
Published: December 2022

N/A
Book Review: Tomasz Kamusella, "Words in Space and Time: A Historical Atlas of Language Politics in Modern Central Europe". Budapest: Central European University Press, 2022, 289 pp. ISBN: 978-963-386-417-3
Authors: Olszewska Izabela
Published: December 2022

The paper is a presentation of Tomasz Kamusella’s latest book on language policy in Central Europe. The volume in question provides the reader with substantial information on the mechanisms of the creation and use of Central European languages for political action.
Sense of an Ending and the Imagination of the End: Apocalypse, Disaster and Messianic Time
Authors: Niedziałek Ewa
Published: December 2022

Apocalyptic visions go beyond Christian eschatology and permeate our present imagination. Not so much with already bygone symbolism or the terror of bloody carnage, as with the vague sense of an ending, fuelled by historical conditions – the Holocaust, the nuclear crisis, or the more contemporary global threats of a viral pandemic or climate change.
The 11th issue of Colloquia Humanistica is devoted to various understandings of the end, introduced by the topics of apocalypse, disaster and messianic time. The articles gathered in the volume may be read separately as examples of analysis of several end-time-directed narratives, but they also constitute a whole that may indicate the specific features of thinking about the end.
Future Changes in Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Affecting Hokkaido and Their Related Precipitation Based on Large-Ensemble Climate Simulations
Authors: Kawazoe Sho , Inatsu Masaru , Yamada Tomohito J. , Hoshino Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the impact of future climate warming on tropical cyclones (TC) and extratropical cyclones (ETC) using the database for Policy Decision-Making for Future Climate Change (d4PDF) large ensemble simulations. Cyclone tracking was performed using the neighbor enclosed area tracking algorithm (NEAT), and TC and ETCs were identified over the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). For cyclone frequency, it was revealed that, although a slight underestimation of the total number of TCs and ETCs in both the WNP and near Hokkaido, Japan, exists, the d4PDF reproduced the spatial distribution of both TC and ETC tracks well when compared with observations/reanalysis. The 4-K warming scenarios derived from six different sea surface temperature warming patterns showed robust decreases in TC frequency in the tropical WNP and a slight reduction in ETCs near Japan. Next, precipitation characteristics for TCs or ETCs in the vicinity of Hokkaido were examined using 5-km-mesh regional climate ensemble simulations. Four representative cyclone locations near Hokkaido are identified using K-means clustering and revealed distinct precipitation characteristics between clusters, with higher TC-associated precipitation than ETC-associated precipitation and the heaviest precipitation in the southern portion of the prefecture. The 4-K warming scenarios revealed increased precipitation for all cyclone placements for both TCs and ETCs. Last, average cyclone intensity, translation speed, and size were examined. It was shown that TCs in future climates are more intense, propagate more slowly, and are smaller in terms of enclosed vorticity area as they approach Hokkaido. For ETCs, mean intensity does not change much; they travel slightly faster, and become smaller.
Impacts of Methods for Estimating the Observation Error Variance for the Frequent Assimilation of Thermodynamic Profilers on Convective-Scale Forecasts
Authors: Degelia Samuel K. , Wang Xuguang
Published: December 2022

The observation error covariance partially controls the weight assigned to an observation during data assimilation (DA). True observation error statistics are rarely known and likely vary depending on the meteorological state. However, operational DA systems often apply static methods that assign constant observation errors across a dataset. Previous studies show that these methods can degrade forecast quality when assimilating ground-based remote sensing datasets. To improve the impact of assimilating such observations, we propose two novel methods for estimating the observation error variance for high-frequency thermodynamic profilers. These methods include an adaptive observation error inflation technique and the Desroziers method that directly estimates the observation error variances using paired innovation and analysis residuals. Each method is compared for a nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed during the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment. In general, we find that these novel methods better represent the large variability of observation error statistics for high-frequency profiles collected by Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs). When assimilating AERIs by statically inflating retrieval error variances, the trailing stratiform region of the MCS is degraded compared to a baseline simulation with no AERI data assimilated. Assimilating the AERIs using the adaptive inflation or Desroziers method results in better maintenance of the trailing stratiform region and additional suppression of spurious convection. The forecast improvements from these novel methods are primarily linked to increased error variances for some moisture retrievals. These results indicate the importance of accurately estimating observation error statistics for convective-scale DA and suggest that accounting for flow dependence can improve the impacts from assimilating remote sensing datasets.
Understanding Food Access in Flint: An Analysis of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities
Authors: Taylor Dorceta E. , Bell Ashley , Saherwala Abdeali
Published: December 2022

The primary objective of this study was to describe the food landscape of Flint, Michigan, and the surrounding townships. We investigated the relationship between the location of food outlets and the racial composition of census tracts. We collected data from multiple sources; however, Data Axle, a repository of information on the U.S. and Canadian businesses, was our primary data source. Data were collected and verified between September 2020 and December 2021. The final fact-checking was completed in June 2022. We used ArcGIS 10.8.1 and SPSS Version 28 to map and analyze the data. We conducted negative binomial regression analyses to identify the difference in the likelihood of finding food retailers in census tracts where the percentage of Black residents was low and those where the percentage of Blacks was high. The article examines 1,137 food retailers in the study area: 407 were in Flint, and the remainder in the surrounding townships. Restaurants—especially fast food and take-out establishments—dominated the food environment. In addition, small groceries and convenience stores proliferated in the grocery store category. The racial composition of the census tracts mattered. Census tracts in which more than 40% of the residents are Black have a mean of 7.6 food outlets. In comparison, census tracts in which 40% or less of the residents are Black have a mean of 11.3 food outlets; the difference is significant. Census tracts with a high percentage of Blacks also had significantly fewer restaurants. The results of this study show Flint’s food landscape to be more complex and robust than described in earlier studies. It underscores the point that researchers should not rely solely on documenting the presence of supermarkets or traditional grocery stores when addressing food insecurity and food access. In the case of Flint, such food outlets comprise only 2.2% of the food landscape. Focusing exclusively on these food retailers misses several important types of food venues that residents rely on to secure food. This siloed approach also ignores the resilience and ingenuity of residents to respond to limited access to traditional food retailers.
Direct Measurement of Chocolate Components Using Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy at 1000 nm Excitation
Authors: Esmonde-White Karen , Lewis Mary , Lewis Ian R.
Published: December 2022

Chocolate is a popular food around the world. Making chocolate-based confectionaries involve multiple processing steps including cocoa bean fermentation, cocoa bean roasting, grinding, and then a controlled crystallization, where the processing conditions yields the desirable polymorph V to give chocolate its characteristic snap and texture. Raman spectroscopy is well known as a technique that can provide a non-contact, non-destructive analysis of chemical composition and molecular structure. Yet, excitation in the visible and near-infrared (532–785 nm) has not been possible for dark or milk chocolate because of the samples’ overwhelming fluorescence. New technologies enabling Raman spectroscopy closer to shortwave infrared wavelengths, closer to 1000 nm, are likely to reduce fluorescence of chocolate and other highly fluorescent samples. Based on the successes of 1064 nm excitation to understand chocolate blooming, we hypothesized that 1000 nm excitation would also reduce fluorescence and enable Raman spectroscopy in dark and milk chocolates. We used dispersive Raman spectroscopy at 1000 nm to measure white, milk, and dark chocolate and cocoa nibs. The use of 1000 nm excitation effectively reduced fluorescence, enabling qualitative and quantitative Raman spectroscopy directly on chocolate samples. These feasibility studies indicate that 1000 nm Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure chocolate in a laboratory or process environment.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: The New Asthma?
Authors: Kraft Colleen , Chamanadjian Christopher , Aylward Brandon S.
Published: December 2022

While autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has traditionally been diagnosed in specialty care, rising prevalence rates have strained specialist capacity and created significant diagnostic bottlenecks. With long wait times for specialist evaluations, pediatricians are increasingly being asked to play a greater role in identifying, diagnosing, and managing ASD within the medical home. In this commentary we draw parallels between the challenges pediatricians faced two decades ago learning how to manage pediatric asthma in the medical home, to those faced today in the field of primary care ASD management. Reflecting on the lessons learnt in primary care asthma management may help us construct a roadmap towards a higher and more consistent standard of ASD primary care for patients and their families.
Maribavir
Authors: Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E.
Published: December 2022

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Impact of the Role of the Clinical Pharmacist on the Underreporting of Adverse Drug Reactions at a Peruvian hospital
Authors: Delgado-Pérez Gladys , Dávila-Espinoza Cristopher , Beltran-Noblega Cecilia
Published: December 2022

Background: The clinical pharmacists play a key role in the Pharmacovigilance System. They are integrated to the health team performing pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PF), drug information, at third level care hospital. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the clinical pharmacists’ role in increasing the reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (SADRs) after including in-service training (IST) in their role, as well as to characterize the reported ADRs. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed, reports of SADRs received through medical interconsultations were evaluated, before and after applying IST, in 2 periods: January 2017 to June 2018 and July 2018 to December 2019. Results: Interconsultations after IST were increased by 168,4%; of these, 75 were ADRs reported to the Dirección General de Medicamentos, Insumos y Drogas (DIGEMID). Internal Medicine and Pneumology services reported more SADR in both periods. There was significant statistical difference in ADRs’ causality ( P = .001) and type ( P = .009). Severe ADRs highlighted after IST (4 vs 12). The most affected organ and system in both periods was skin and appendages. Conclusion: The reporting of SADRs augmented, reflected in an increase in medical interconsultations as a modality of SADR notification, after including IST to the role of the clinical pharmacist, allowing the development of convenient FP, which led to the evaluation of SARs. A higher number of serious ADRs were reported.
The Reasonableness of Theology: Recent Pontifical Approaches in Response to the Critique of Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Zimmermann Nigel
Published: December 2022

This article responds to Emmanuel Levinas and his critique of reason in the Western philosophical tradition, contrasting it with a continuity of approach taken by recent Bishops of Rome, including Francis, Benedict XVI, and John Paul II. Levinas provides an important corrective to aspects of the way reason has been deployed, especially with regard to violence and war. It will be argued that Levinas helps refine and humble theological reflection, but his argument is not altogether applicable to theology. A Catholic tradition of theology relies on philosophy in terms of ‘naming names,’ an activity responsive to Levinas’s critique, and counters it in terms of moral goodness. Responding to Levinas helps to confidently articulate theology as an intelligent participation and performance of the good in a thoroughgoing reasonableness.
Trinary Views of Secularism: Transitional Ideological Perception of Tertiary Educated People in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukdar Shawon
Published: December 2022

This study attempts to explore the meaning of secularism among the tertiary educated young people and to understand their perception on related issues. This paper follows mixed methods, namely convenience surveys and content analysis of credible secondary sources. From the findings, it is interesting to see that many of them opine about having ‘state religion’ besides ‘secularism’ as a basic constitutional principle (61.9%/38.1%). They believe in equal treatment for all minority religions, while at the same time they share their perception of giving priority to ‘Islam’ as the dominant religion (57.1%), which could be labelled ‘ paradoxical’. This article argues that the ideological perception is going into transition among the young people in Bangladesh with the transition of socio-economic context, which is different from the previous linear understanding of pro-secular and anti-secular dynamics. This paper also provides some pragmatic way outs from young people on how to secure the rights of minority religions in Bangladesh.
Time-and temperature-dependent compressive behavior of woven carbon fabric reinforced polyamide composite laminate
Authors: Nam Tran Huu , Goto Ken , Tobata Yuta , Kubota Yuki , Ueda Masahito , Kobayashi Satoshi
Published: December 2022

Plain woven carbon fabric reinforced polyamide (CF/PA) composite laminate was developed using hot-pressed processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of the CF/PA composite laminate under longitudinal compressive loading were examined. The compressive mechanical properties of the composite laminate decreased considerably with increasing the temperature to 120°C. The compressive strength and strain at maximal stress reduced rapidly below 80°C, while the compressive modulus declined slightly underneath 50°C. The glass transition temperature of the CF/PA composite was found to be about 50°C by the differential scanning calorimetry, which almost corresponded to the slight reduction of the elastic modulus at temperatures below 50°C. The time-dependent creep behavior of the CF/PA laminate under compressive loading at isotherms between 25°C and 50°C was studied. Creep strains of the CF/PA composite samples increased with rising temperature. The smooth creep compliance master curve of the CF/PA composite was obtained by shifting short-term creep compliance curves using the time–temperature superposition principle. The master curve provided a creep prediction to 961.6 days with the measured data in only 12.5 days.
Enamel Remineralization and Crystallization after Fluoride Iontophoresis
Authors: Chaiwat A. , Chunhacheevachaloke E. , Kidkhunthod P. , Pakawanit P. , Ajcharanukul O.
Published: December 2022

Early caries lesions consist of noncavitated subsurface demineralization caused by the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from the surface to the subsurface area of the enamel. Such lesions cannot be remineralized effectively by the conventional treatment. Thus, there is a need for a noninvasive technique capable of delivering the remineralizing agent to subsurface sites. For this purpose, fluoride iontophoresis (IP) using weak currents has been investigated with some conflicting results and no information on the crystal structure and composition. Because enamel remineralization involves the role of fluid from dentin, the presence of enamel fluid is necessary to determine the repair associated with the physiological condition. This study aimed to investigate structural and compositional characteristics, including the remineralizing effect of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) IP with different polarities, cathodal iontophoresis (CIP), and anodal iontophoresis (AIP) for the treatment of natural enamel caries under simulated pulpal pressure. A bulk measurement of the crystal structure inside the lesion was first determined using calcium (Ca) K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. IP with both polarities significantly promoted subsurface remineralization. The CIP generated a significant increase in the Ca/phosphorus ratio, and fluoride at the surface lesion significantly correlated with higher mineral density (MD) and more strengthening crystal structure of the lesion volume, while the lesion’s MD and other impurities at the lesion surface, mostly the carbonate ions, affected the significant increase in MD with the unchanged structure of the lesion volume after AIP. The CIP of NaF is an ideal method for rapid enamel remineralization and recrystallization of fluoroapatite/fluorohydroxyapatite.
SASCAT: Natural language processing approach to the study of economic sanctions
Authors: Elshehawy Ashrakat , Marinov Nikolay , Nanni Federico , Tama Jordan
Published: December 2022

Existing datasets of economic sanctions rely primarily on secondary sources and do not tend to take full advantage of government documents related to economic coercion. Such data may miss sanctions, and do not capture important details in how coercive measures are threatened, imposed and removed. The latter processes often have much to do with the domestic politics in sender countries. Understanding these processes may be necessary in order to fully account for sanctions’ effectiveness. We present a natural language processing (NLP) approach to retrieving sanctions-related government documents. We apply our method to the case of US sanctions. The United States is the world’s pre-eminent user of sanctions. Our method can be applied to other cases. We collect all sanctions events originating in the office of the US president, and all congressional sanctions, for 1988–2016. Our approach has three advantages: (1) by design, it captures all sanctions-related documents; (2) the resulting data are disaggregated by imposing branch of government; (3) the data include the original language of the measures. These features directly shed light on interbranch delegation, domestic (partisan) conflict, and policy priorities. We show that our data record more episodes than most existing sanctions’ data, and have features that other datasets lack. The availability of the original text opens up new avenues for research and analysis.