bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Dating Violence in Spain and the United Kingdom and the Importance of Relationship Quality
Authors: Viejo C. , Monks C. P. , Sánchez V. , Ortega-Ruiz R.
Published: January 2015

Mixed-gender friendships, romantic relationships, and sexual behaviors increase during adolescence as a normal part of development. However, some studies have revealed potential risks to these types of social relationships. Different authors have indicated that dating violence among adolescents is an issue for concern. To date, there has been little research on this topic cross-nationally. This study examined and compared the prevalence and characteristics of physical dating violence among young people aged between 15 and 18 years in England and Spain ( N = 200 in Spain, N = 199 in England), and how being involved (or not) in this violence relates to romantic relationship quality. Results indicated that approximately 23% of young people reported victimization and 30% reported perpetrating physical dating violence. In both countries, most of those involved in physical dating violence reported involvement in reciprocal violence (displaying both aggression and victimization). Those young people involved in dating violence reported higher levels on scales assessing negative aspects of relationship quality compared with those not involved, but there were no significant differences in positive aspects of relationship quality. Furthermore, different patterns appeared relating to the severity of violence and country. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theory and practice.
Public opinions about human enhancement can enhance the expert-only debate: A review study
Authors: Dijkstra Anne M. , Schuijff Mirjam
Published: January 2015

Human enhancement, the non-medical use of biomedical technologies to improve the human body or performance beyond their ‘natural’ limitations, is a growing trend. At the same time, the use of these technologies has societal consequences. In societal debates about human enhancement, however, it is mainly the voices of experts that are being heard, and little is known about the public’s understanding of human enhancement. The views of the public can give valuable insights, and can, in turn, supplement experts’ voices in political decision-making as has been argued before for other emerging technologies. This study presents a systematic literature review of current public perceptions and attitudes towards technologies for human enhancement. Results show that the public’s view has not been assessed often. Studies originate mainly from western-oriented countries and cover a broad range of enhancement technologies. In the studies, the majority of respondents hold moderate to strong negative attitudes towards enhancement technologies for non-medical applications, although the type of technology influences these opinions. The study provides an overview of what is known about citizens’ attitudes towards technologies for human enhancement.
How people feel their engagement can have efficacy for a bio-based society
Authors: Sleenhoff Susanne , Osseweijer Patricia
Published: January 2015

Up till now, the transition to a bio-based economy mainly involves expert stakeholders. However, the actions required are of a collective scale necessitating public engagement for support and action. Such engagement is only successful if members of the public believe their participation holds efficacy. This belief is closely linked to their personal representation of the issue. We report findings from our Q methodology workshop that explored public’s efficacy beliefs on their perceived ways for engagement with a bio-based economy. Participants were provided with stakeholders’ visual representations depicting a concourse of the transition to a bio-based economy for Q sorting. We found five efficacy beliefs that differ in scale on which participants consider themselves capable for action. These results indicate that members of the public foresee distinct and shared ways and levels in how they can engage with the transition to a bio-based society that do not always concur with stakeholders’ views.
A comparative analysis of media reporting of perceived risks and benefits of genetically modified crops and foods in Kenyan and international newspapers
Authors: DeRosier Christopher , Sulemana Iddisah , James Harvey S. , Valdivia Corinne , Folk William , Smith Randall D.
Published: January 2015

We empirically examine the reporting on biotechnology in Kenyan and international newspapers between 2010 and early 2014. We identify news articles that reported on biotechnology and analyze their use of words to determine whether there is a balance in the reporting of perceived risks and benefits. We also consider how the sources used in news articles and how the publication of the Séralini study of rats fed genetically modified maize affect the balance of reporting of perceived risks and benefits. We find that in Kenyan news reporting, more articles mention perceived benefits than risks, but when risks are mentioned, new articles contain more references to risks than to benefits. We also find that sources affect the reporting of perceived risks and benefits and that the Séralini study increased the likelihood that perceived risks are reported in Kenyan news reporting, but not in international newspapers.
Existential Absence
Authors: Day Jenny , Higgins Isabel
Published: January 2015

When older people develop delirium, their demeanor changes; they often behave in ways that are out of character and seem to inhabit another world. Despite this, little is known about the experiences of family members who are with their older loved one at this time. This article reports a phenomenological study that involved in-depth interviews with 14 women whose older loved one had delirium. Analysis and interpretation of the data depict the women’s experiences as “Changing family portraits: Sudden existential absence during delirium,” capturing the way family members lose the taken-for-granted presence of their familiar older loved one and confront a stranger during delirium.
Helping Learners Recognize, Diagnose, and Unravel Incompetence Traps to Achieve Synergistic Exploration–Exploitation in Classroom
Authors: Gnanlet Adelina , Khanin Dmitry
Published: January 2015

Sensemaking theory suggests that sensemaking may collapse when perception fails to detect weak signals of changes in the environment, cognition fails to appropriately categorize the new data coming from perception, and action fails to test the applicability of new concepts and schemas. Mindfulness–mindlessness theory warns us that routine practices based on low levels of exploration and exploitation may hinder performance. Finally, the theory of learning failure distinguishes between the traps of failure or overexploration and the traps of success or overexploitation. Combining and advancing these insights, we offer a typology of incompetence traps: (a) underexploration–underexploitation or mindlessness, (b) overexploration–underexploitation, and (c) overexploitation–underexploration. We examine their manifestations in perception, cognition, and action. Based on our analysis of how incompetence traps may hamper learning in management education, we give examples of how instructors may help students achieve synergistic exploration–exploitation via informed vision (combining depth and multiple perspectives); perceptive thinking (combining theoretical, constraint-savvy knowledge and practical, context-savvy knowledge); and mindful action (developing and refining new and existing capabilities).
Transfer learning of gaits on a quadrupedal robot
Authors: Degrave Jonas , Burm Michaël , Kindermans Pieter-Jan , Dambre Joni , wyffels Francis
Published: January 2015

Learning new gaits for compliant robots is a challenging multi-dimensional optimization task. Furthermore, to ensure optimal performance, the optimization process must be repeated for every variation in the environment, for example for every change in inclination of the terrain. This is unfortunately not possible using current approaches, since the time required for the optimization is simply too high. Hence, a sub-optimal gait is often used. The goal in this manuscript is to reduce the learning time of a particle swarm algorithm, such that the robot’s gaits can be optimized over a wide variety of terrains. To facilitate this, we use transfer learning by sharing knowledge about gaits between the different environments. Our findings indicate that using transfer learning new robust gaits can be discovered faster compared to traditional methods that learn a gait for each environment independently.
Arthroscopic Ankle Fusion for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus
Authors: Kendal Adrian R. , Cooke Paul , Sharp Robert
Published: January 2015

Background:

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus is a painful condition leading to destruction of the ankle-hindfoot complex. Moderate outcomes and high complication rates are reported in small numbers of advanced disease treated with tibiotalocalcaneal fusion, which has the additional disadvantage of sacrificing both the ankle and subtalar joints. The blood supply of the talus is tenuous, and open procedures risk further talar collapse by disrupting extraosseous vessels. This article reports the outcome of arthroscopic ankle fusion for late-stage AVN of the talus. Our hypothesis was that arthroscopic ankle fusion would relieve symptoms of advanced talar AVN, prevent collapse of the talus, and preserve the subtalar joint.

Methods:

A cohort study was performed on 16 patients with talar AVN treated with arthroscopic ankle fusion. Our primary outcome was fusion rate. Secondary outcomes included perioperative complications, ongoing pain, and further operative intervention. All radiologic investigations were reported independently by a senior radiologist. The average age of the patients was 53.5 years. The presumed causes of talar AVN were steroids, trauma, hematologic disorders, and alcoholism. The etiology was unknown in 7 patients. One patient was lost to follow-up.

Results:

Clinical and radiologic fusion at the ankle joint was confirmed in 15 of 15 available patients. Thirteen patients reported resolution of pain at follow-up. Three patients had ongoing pain and underwent a subsequent successful subtalar fusion.

Conclusions:

Arthroscopic ankle fusion was a safe and reliable treatment of symptomatic advanced talar AVN. It was a minimally invasive procedure with minimal complication rate, preserving the talus and sparing the subtalar joint.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
(Un)Certainty in the News
Authors: Guenther Lars , Froehlich Klara , Ruhrmann Georg
Published: January 2015

Science journalists are responsible for the media content about nanoscale science and technology, and its representation as scientifically certain or uncertain. This article applies the reasoned action approach (RAA) to identify factors having an impact on journalists’ decisions on how to depict aspects of scientific evidence (= scientific (un)certainty). Results of interviews with science journalists ( n = 21) from diverse media channels showed that they adopt different coverage styles when representing (un)certainty. To find reasons for that, behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were investigated, and a model of science journalistic depiction behavior with respect to scientific evidence was constructed.
Magazine Reading Experience and Advertising Engagement
Authors: Kim Jooyoung , Lee Jungwon , Jo Samsup , Jung Jaemin , Kang Jaewon
Published: January 2015

Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, this study examines the structural relationships between a number of magazine reader experience factors and advertising engagement. The results from a survey of 507 female college students in South Korea suggest that personal experience, a second-order factor consisting of information, personal identification, and entertainment experiences, significantly influences advertising engagement, whereas the other factor, social experience, has no effect on advertising engagement. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Critical Race Theory in Education and Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Parker Laurence
Published: January 2015

This introduction presents an overview of the special issue on critical race theory (CRT)/critical race studies (CRS) that appeared in a 2002 issue of Qualitative Inquiry. I then go on to discuss how this new set of articles builds on the previous work of CRT in connection to qualitative studies and explores the racial productivity of choices people of color make in their daily negotiations with each other and White institutions within the context of neo-liberal racism in a postracial society. What is hoped for from this special issue is that a different kind of critical race realism emerges, both in terms of critical research and methodologies as well as acts of progressive change.
The digital progression of community archives, from amateur production to artistic practice
Authors: Blanco Patricia Prieto , Schuppert Mirjami , Lange Jake
Published: January 2015

‘Belfast Exposed is a small group of amateur photographers from all parts of the City, the vast majority unemployed’ (O’Reilly, 1985). ‘Belfast Exposed is Northern Ireland’s principal gallery of contemporary photography, commissioning, publishing and showing work by artists and photographers from Northern Ireland and across the world’ (Belfast Exposed, 2013). In 2013, Belfast Exposed celebrated its 30th anniversary. As these quotes indicate, in this amount of time the ethos and focus of the organization has shifted considerably, from originating as a grass-roots, community-based photography initiative to becoming a significant international photographic art gallery. A key aspect of the change in its raison d’être was the gallery’s move from analogue to digital media. By 2005, over 3000 images from the analogue archive were digitized, with the aim of opening the archive to wider audiences, and by 2007 the gallery had launched two digital libraries, one offline and one online. This article seeks to explore the implications of this process of change for both the organization and its analogue and digital photographic archives, combining archival theory with psychoanalytic social theory. Interviews with staff members, content analysis of the digital libraries and a first-hand engagement with the process of re-housing the analogue archive have assisted the research process. Furthermore, several works of art based on the archive, and commissioned by Belfast Exposed in the last decade, have been analysed as examples of new modes of engagement with archive material. Acknowledging the political agendas and policy-making context to which both the organization and the archive are impacted by, a major trend is identified, that is, new cultural meanings of the post-peace process have replaced old interpretations influenced by artists’ responses to the archive.
The new Reithians
Authors: Popple Simon
Published: January 2015

The ongoing Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Pararchive project seeks to build new interactive environments that explore issues of ownership, public and institutional relationships and provide tools for collaborative community research and creative expression using digital heritage resources.1 It was motivated by recognition that communities are encountering real barriers to organizing and connecting to resources and with each other. In the field of cultural heritage it is often difficult to access archival materials from public institutions and overcome barriers to what could and should be mutually enriching relationships. In this context, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) has traditionally been seen as a problematic institution – publicly funded and immeasurably rich – yet distant and patrician. Working with Head of BBC Archive Development Tony Ageh, the project team is focusing on issues such as copyright and institutional voice as a means of facilitating a more open and collaborative audience relationship. As part of our current dialogue, we have also been examining the traditions within the BBC that might act as a block to these activities. Our initial conclusion is that a major part of the problem lies in the lack of partnership between the BBC and its licence paying audience, and we have made that a key focus of our study. This article outlines the background to the Pararchive project and the specific focus within it on the relationship between the BBC and its audiences.
Examining documentary transmedia narratives through The Living History of Fort Scratchley project
Authors: Kerrigan Susan , Velikovsky JT
Published: January 2015

Non-fiction transmedia draws on the same definitions as fiction transmedia (PGA, 2010), which accepts without dispute the reference to ‘fictional story worlds’ (Jenkins, 2007; O'Flynn, 2012). By drawing attention to this grammatical oversight, we will review non-fiction transmedia literature, highlight the success of Go Back to Where You Came From (O’Mahoney, Australia, 2011) and provide a detailed analysis of the production of the The Living History of Fort Scratchley project (DVD documentary, i-doc, website, booklet, 2004–2008) against Henry Jenkins’ seven transmedia principles (2009b). This detailed analysis applies transmedia ‘fiction’ criteria to ‘non-fiction’, challenging transmedia’s explicit reference to fictional story universes.
Willingness to provide support for a quit attempt: A study of partners of smokers
Authors: vanDellen Michelle R , Boyd Savannah M , Ranby Krista W , MacKillop James , Lipkus Isaac M
Published: January 2015

Support from close others predicts smoking abstinence, yet little research has investigated what factors promote support. This study investigates predictors of support for a quit attempt. Partners of smokers ( N = 131) reported their relationship quality, concern for partner’s health, own smoking status, and intended support for a quit attempt. Smokers were less supportive than were nonsmokers. Relationship quality, concern for partners’ health, and motivation to quit were positively associated, and nicotine dependence was negatively associated, with intended support. The findings suggest that support for smoking cessation depends on one’s own smoking behaviors as well as characteristics of the relationship.
The perception of value
Authors: Thacher David
Published: January 2015

Scholars have sometimes argued that we should conceive of social research as a form of moral inquiry, at least in part, but none have made clear exactly how and why observational research can make a distinctive contribution to moral insight. Returning to an era before the modern distinction between social science and the humanities became entrenched, this article argues that Adam Smith provided a clear and forceful rationale for the moral role of social research, especially history. Smith believed that moral understanding relies on emotional reactions to richly described cases, preferably where our own interests are not at stake. These meditations on particular cases, in turn, provide the basis for moral generalizations that can inform future encounters with particular cases. This perspective led Smith (along with his friend David Hume) to the view that historical writing makes a more important contribution to moral understanding than abstract philosophy does. This article reconstructs Smith’s arguments about the role of empirical observation in cultivating moral sensibility in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, his Lectures on Jurisprudence, and his Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. It then connects his argument to contemporary ideas about the nature of moral understanding in philosophy and cognitive science.
Case work: re-forming the relationship between sociology and social work
Authors: Shaw Ian
Published: January 2015

Answers to the question just what is the ‘case’ partly defined the fields of sociology and social work in early 20th century Chicago. Drawing on the archives of the University of Chicago, I describe and appraise the way the ‘case’ figured in social work at Chicago and elsewhere. I ask the corresponding question of sociology. Finally, I briefly consider why not much came of social work and sociology ploughing similar territory in ways that served for a time to hallmark their identities. This analysis opens up ways of rethinking how social work and sociological research are distinctive to their fields, and allows a less ‘pre-tuned’ discussion of how practitioners of either might reciprocally pursue their profession.
The Frankfurt School and the young Habermas: Traces of an intellectual path (1956–1964)
Authors: Corchia Luca
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study is to discern intersections between the intellectual path of the young Habermas and the issues addressed by the Positivismusstreit, the dispute between Popper and Adorno about methodology in the social sciences. I will present two perspectives, focusing on different temporal moments and interpretative problems. First, I will investigate the young Habermas’ relationship to the intellectual tradition of the Frankfurt School: his views on philosophy and the social sciences, normative bases of critical theory and political attitudes. Second, I will reconstruct Habermas’ contemplation of the Positivismusstreit, in light of his social scientific research programme in the 1960s. The thesis supported is that Habermas developed a position diverging from those of Adorno and Horkheimer, and that his position reasserted the agenda of the ‘first critical theory’. This article highlight the discontinuity between the first and the second generation of the Frankfurt School, the constructive openness to other philosophical and sociological traditions, as well as the aporias of a theory of knowledge not yet oriented towards the programme of reconstructive sciences.
Personal budgets for all? Implementing self-directed support in mental health services
Authors: Hitchen Sherrie , Williamson Graham R , Watkins Mary
Published: January 2015

Personal budgets provide people with more choice and control over how their needs are met and, allied to new thinking concerning individualisation of mental health care, are increasingly a feature of international governmental responses to long-term care. This study was based in an English National Health Service Health and Social Care Trust covering a large predominantly rural area. We aimed to develop self-directed support and understand more fully service-user and carer involvement in the process, using an action research design. Data collection took place between 2007 and 2011, and the project ran in three sequential spirals collecting qualitative data. Findings showed users and carers, and trust recovery coordinators acknowledged the need for cultural change, personal budgets’ effect on outcomes, and service-users’ capacity to manage these responsibilities. We conclude that moving to personal budgets can be empowering for mental health services users, but is problematic and may present challenges to service-users with fluctuating mental health. Recruiting service-users and carers to participate in research illuminates their otherwise-hidden perspectives, and our use of service-users as coresearchers is a process that others might want to emulate.
Diet Quality and Physical Activity Outcome Improvements Resulting From a Church-Based Diet and Supervised Physical Activity Intervention for Rural, Southern, African American Adults
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Goodman Melissa H. , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa
Published: January 2015

We assessed the effects of a 6-month, church-based, diet and supervised physical activity intervention, conducted between 2011 and 2012, on improving diet quality and increasing physical activity of Southern, African American adults. Using a quasi-experimental design, eight self-selected, eligible churches were assigned to intervention or control. Assessments included dietary, physical activity, anthropometric, and clinical measures. Mixed model regression analysis and McNemar’s test were used to determine if within and between group differences were significant. Cohen’s d effect sizes for selected outcomes also were computed and compared with an earlier, lower dose intervention. Retention rates were 84% (102/122) for control and 76% (219/287) for intervention participants. Diet quality components, including fruits, vegetables, discretionary calories, and total quality, improved significantly in the intervention group. Strength/flexibility physical activity also increased in the intervention group, while both aerobic and strength/flexibility physical activity significantly decreased in the control group. Effect sizes for selected health outcomes were larger in the current intervention as compared to an earlier, less intense iteration of the study. Results suggest that more frequent education sessions as well as supervised group physical activity may be key components to increasing the efficacy of behavioral lifestyle interventions in rural, Southern, African American adults.
Ideological Polarization on the Supreme Court
Authors: Gooch Donald Michael
Published: January 2015

Judicial polarization is an important but underexplored aspect of judicial behavior. This analysis uses a gamut of measures to assess polarization on the Supreme Court across chief justice and jurisprudential regimes. I examine individual justice polarization and ideological extremity over full tenures on the Court and also how Court polarization is responsive to polarization in coordinate institutions. I find mixed evidence of greater polarization in the abortion rights regime. I find strong evidence of increasing Court polarization concomitant with congressional and presidential polarization since the 1950s across chief justice regimes. Court polarization is responsive to polarization in coordinate institutions. I do not find that individual justices become more polarized over time. Justices shift ideologically over their careers, and this shift is on average to the Left. These findings are robust across multiple specifications of the models and multiple alternative measurements, controlling for other factors which might influence polarization.
Skunked
Authors: Rose Kevin , Shuck Brad , Twyford Devon , Bergman Matt
Published: January 2015

Dysfunctional leaders are described in the research literature as those leaders who consistently place burdensome structures in the path of progress, intentionally or unintentionally violate psychological contracts, and generally treat their employees with a disrespectful approach. Research suggests that upward of 13% to 36% of employees in the United States work with a leader whose approach could be described as dysfunctional. Yet, research regarding this negative organizational phenomenon is surprisingly limited. Moreover, scholarship in the field of human resource development (HRD) is nearly void of research on this topic. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to examine the literature on dysfunctional leadership and to highlight conceptual links present across various streams of scholarship. Specifically, we systematically categorized the dysfunctional behaviors that leaders exhibit, highlighted the short- and long-term effects of working under a dysfunctional leader as well as documented the known strategies for working through the effects of dysfunction.
What Skills Are Important? A Replication
Authors: Ballard Chet , Daniel Brittany
Published: January 2015

The reported original research is a replication of an article published in 2001. Sociologists who work primarily in applied and in academic settings are asked to rank skills that are conventionally taught in graduate sociology programs. Comparisons are made between the rankings of skills by those sociologists working primarily in applied settings to the rankings of those working in academic settings. The analysis of data looks at which skills are ranked most and least important and skills used most and least often. Suggestions are offered on how graduate sociology programs promoting an applied focus can teach skills viewed as important by those practicing sociology outside the academy.
Growth factor and ultrasound-assisted bioreactor synergism for human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis
Authors: Thakurta Sanjukta Guha , Budhiraja Gaurav , Subramanian Anuradha
Published: January 2015

Ultrasound at 5.0 MHz was noted to be chondro-inductive, with improved SOX-9 gene and COL2A1 protein expression in constructs that allowed for cell-to-cell contact. To achieve tissue-engineered cartilage using macroporous scaffolds, it is hypothesized that a combination of ultrasound at 5.0 MHz and transforming growth factor-β3 induces human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to chondrocytes. Expression of miR-145 was used as a metric to qualitatively assess the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell conversion. Our results suggest that in group 1 (no transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound), as anticipated, human mesenchymal stem cells were not efficiently differentiated into chondrocytes, judging by the lack of decrease in the level of miR-145 expression. Human mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into chondrocytes in group 2 (transforming growth factor-β3, no ultrasound) and group 3 (transforming growth factor-β3, ultrasound) with group 3 having a 2-fold lower miR-145 when compared to group 2 at day 7, indicating a higher conversion to chondrocytes. Transforming growth factor-β3–induced chondrogenesis with and without ultrasound stimulation for 14 days in the ultrasound-assisted bioreactor was compared and followed by additional culture in the absence of growth factors. The combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation (group 3) resulted in enhanced COL2A1, SOX-9, and ACAN protein expression when compared to growth factor alone (group 2). No COL10A1 protein expression was noted. Enhanced cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan deposition was noted with the combination of growth factor and ultrasound stimulation. These results suggest that ultrasound at 5.0 MHz could be used to induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
Liver dysfunction and anti-thyroid therapy
Authors: Papachristos Danae A , Huynh Jenny , Grossman Mathis , MacIsaac Richard J
Published: January 2015

Thioamides have been used in the management of hyperthyroidism for over 50 years. Liver dysfunction is a rare but important side effect associated with their use. Recently, cases of liver failure associated with propylthiouracil have prompted the Federal Drug Administration to issue a Boxed Warning to the label of propylthiouracil regarding its risk of potentially fatal liver injury and acute liver failure in adults and children. Herein, we present a case to underline the importance of recognising the similar potential for severe hepatic dysfunction with the use of other thioamides.
The Link between Functional Limitations and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Redmond Rebecca A. , Barrett Anne E.
Published: January 2015

Having more physical limitations predicts greater depressive symptoms. However, relatively few studies examine self-conceptions as potential explanations for this association. Using ordinary least squares regression on panel data collected in Miami-Dade County, Florida (2001 and 2004, N = 1,362), we examine the effect of functional limitations on five dimensions of the self: self-esteem, mastery, mattering, introspection, and emotional reliance. We find that having more, and increasing, functional limitations diminishes self-esteem and mastery and increases introspection and emotional reliance. These dimensions of the self collectively account for approximately one third of the effect of limitations on depressive symptoms, with self-esteem and mastery having the largest mediating effects. This study builds on prior findings by using panel data to address not only the influence of functional impairment on multiple dimensions of the self-concept but also the role of each in explaining disability’s effect on depressive symptoms. It also responds to the call for the sociology of mental health to give greater attention to self and identity processes.
Retrospective Review of Current Nasojejunal Tube Insertion Practice
Authors: Sheikh Natasha , Falkiner Michelle , Greer Mary-Louise
Published: January 2015

Repeated fluoroscopically guided nasojejunal tube (NJT) insertions, particularly in children, can pose health risks through increased radiation exposure. We analyzed frequency of NJT reinsertions and associated radiation exposure through retrospective evaluation of children <18 years at our institution who underwent fluoroscopically guided NJT insertions from 2007 to 2012. Age and weight, reinsertion frequency per patient, radiation dose (dose actual percentage [DAP]), time interval between, and indication for reinsertion were recorded. A total of 252 children (3 days to17 years, 11 months) had 449 NJT insertions. Reinsertions occurred in 105 (41.7%) patients with 14 (5.6%) having ≥5 reinsertions, and 67.6% of reinsertions occurring in patients <1 year. Mean DAP increased with frequency of reinsertion, along with age and weight. Most common indication for reinsertion was a pulled NJT (34.0%). Fluoroscopic NJT reinsertion was most frequent in younger, smaller patients. Self-guided, bedside NJT insertion, and/or earlier instigation of definitive nutritional therapy delivery should be considered.
Effect of additive on zinc electrodeposition in acidic bath
Authors: Yang Y. , Liu S. , Yu X. , Huang C. , Chen S. , Chen G. , Wu Q-H.
Published: January 2015

The influence of additive [3-(2-furyl) acrolein] on zinc electrodeposition in acid sulphate solution was studied using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and atomic force microscopy emphasising on the nucleation mechanism. The experimental and theoretical modelling results revealed that zinc electrocrystallisation is under a progressive nucleation process in the presence of 3-(2-furyl) acrolein. The obtained Zn coating layers showed a morphology of smooth, compact and fined grain structure.
MOZ regulates B-cell progenitors and, consequently, Moz haploinsufficiency dramatically retards MYC-induced lymphoma development
Authors: Sheikh Bilal N. , Lee Stanley C. W. , El-Saafin Farrah , Vanyai Hannah K. , Hu Yifang , Pang Swee Heng Milon , Grabow Stephanie , Strasser Andreas , Nutt Stephen L. , Alexander Warren S. , Smyth Gordon K. , Voss Anne K. , Thomas Tim
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Regulation of genes required for B-cell progenitor proliferation is exquisitely dependent on Moz gene dosage. Loss of one Moz allele delays the onset of MYC-driven lymphoma by 3.9-fold.
Phase 1/2 study of mogamulizumab, a defucosylated anti-CCR4 antibody, in previously treated patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Duvic Madeleine , Pinter-Brown Lauren C. , Foss Francine M. , Sokol Lubomir , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Challagundla Pramoda , Dwyer Karen M. , Zhang Xiaoping , Kurman Michael R. , Ballerini Rocco , Liu Li , Kim Youn H.
Published: January 2015

Key Points

Mogamulizumab was well-tolerated in 41 patients with previously treated mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome. Durable responses observed with a global overall response rate of 36.8%; patients with Sézary syndrome had a response rate of 47.1%.
High electron mobility and low carrier concentration of hydrothermally grown ZnO thin films on seeded a-plane sapphire at low temperature
Authors: Jayah Nurul Azzyaty , Yahaya Hafizal , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Terasako Tomoaki , Yasui Kanji , Hashim Abdul Manaf
Published: January 2015

Hydrothermal zinc oxide (ZnO) thick films were successfully grown on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown thick ZnO seed layers on a-plane sapphire substrates using the aqueous solution of zinc nitrate dehydrate (Zn(NO3)2). The use of the CVD ZnO seed layers with the flat surfaces seems to be a key technique for obtaining thick films instead of vertically aligned nanostructures as reported in many literatures. All the hydrothermal ZnO layers showed the large grains with hexagonal end facets and were highly oriented towards the c-axis direction. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the hydrothermal layers were composed of the ultraviolet (UV) emission (370 to 380 nm) and the visible emission (481 to 491 nm), and the intensity ratio of the former emission (I
UV) to the latter emission (I
VIS) changed, depending on both the molarity of the solution and temperature. It is surprising that all the Hall mobilities for the hydrothermal ZnO layers were significantly larger than those for their corresponding CVD seed films. It was also found that, for the hydrothermal films grown at 70°C to 90°C, the molarity dependences of I
UV/I
VIS resembled those of mobilities, implying that the mobility in the film is affected by the structural defects. The highest mobility of 166 cm2/Vs was achieved on the hydrothermal film with the carrier concentration of 1.65 × 1017 cm−3 grown from the aqueous solution of 40 mM at 70°C.
Techniques and best practices in multiattribute display
Authors: Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: January 2015

All color monitors display images by mixing red, green, and blue (RGB) components. These RGB components can be defined mathematically in terms of hue, lightness, and saturation (HLS) components. A fourth alpha-blending (also called opacity) component provides a means to corender multiple images. Most, but not all, modern commercial interpretation workstation software vendors provide multiattribute display tools using an opacity model. A smaller subset of vendors provide tools to interactively display two or three attributes using HLS, CMY, and RGB color models. I evaluated a technique (or trick) to simulate the HLS color model using monochromatic color bars and only opacity. This same trick only approximates true color blending of RGB or CMY components. There are three basic objectives in choosing which attributes to display together. The first objective is to understand the correlation of one attribute to another, and most commonly, of a given attribute to the original seismic amplitude data. The second objective is to visualize the confidence or relevance of a given attribute by modulating it with a second attribute. The third objective is to provide a more integrated image of the seismic data volume by choosing attributes that are mathematically independent but correlated through the underlying geology. I developed the interpretation value of the HLS display technique on a 3D data volume acquired over the Central Basin Platform of west Texas exhibiting faults, fractures, folds, channels, pinch outs, and karst features. To be a useful “technique,” I need to demonstrate these workflows within a specific package. Although I implemented the workflow in Petrel 2014, similar images can be generated using any software with flexible opacity capabilities. I also developed a short list of attribute combinations that are particularly amenable to corendering in HLS.
Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation in Patients With Stage III-IV Melanoma Receiving Immunotherapy and Its Association With Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Teulings Hansje-Eva , Limpens Jacqueline , Jansen Sophia N. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Reitsma Johannes B. , Spuls Phyllis I. , Luiten Rosalie M.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Vitiligo-like depigmentation in patients with melanoma may be associated with more favorable clinical outcome. We conducted a systematic review of patients with stage III to IV melanoma treated with immunotherapy to determine the cumulative incidence of vitiligo-like depigmentation and the prognostic value of vitiligo development on survival.

Methods

We systemically searched and selected all studies on melanoma immunotherapy that reported on autoimmune toxicity and/or vitiligo between 1995 and 2013. Methodologic quality of each study was appraised using adapted criteria for systematic reviews in prognostic studies. Random-effect models were used to calculate summary estimates of the cumulative incidence of vitiligo-like depigmentation across studies. The prognostic value of vitiligo-like depigmentation on survival outcome was assessed using random-effects Cox regression survival analyses.

Results

One hundred thirty-seven studies were identified comprising 139 treatment arms (11 general immune stimulation, 84 vaccine, 28 antibody-based, and 16 adoptive transfer) including a total of 5,737 patients. The overall cumulative incidence of vitiligo was 3.4% (95% CI, 2.5% to 4.5%). In 27 studies reporting individual patient data, vitiligo development was significantly associated with both progression-free-survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.82; P < .005) and overall survival (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.61; P < .003), indicating that these patients have two to four times less risk of disease progression and death, respectively, compared with patients without vitiligo development.

Conclusion

Although vitiligo occurs only in a low percentage of patients with melanoma treated with immunotherapy, our findings suggest clear survival benefit in these patients. Awareness of vitiligo induction in patients with melanoma is important as an indicator of robust antimelanoma immunity and associated improved survival
KIT and PDGFRA Mutations and the Risk of GI Stromal Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Joensuu Heikki , Rutkowski Piotr , Nishida Toshirou , Steigen Sonja E. , Brabec Peter , Plank Lukas , Nilsson Bengt , Braconi Chiara , Bordoni Andrea , Magnusson Magnus K. , Sufliarsky Jozef , Federico Massimo , Jonasson Jon G. , Hostein Isabelle , Bringuier Pierre-Paul , Emile Jean-Francois
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Mutated KIT and platelet-derived growth factor alpha gene (PDGFRA) drive GI stromal tumor (GIST) oncogenesis, but the clinical significance of their single mutations is known incompletely.

Patients and Methods

We identified 11 population-based series of patients with GIST through a literature search and pooled individual data from 3,067 patients treated with macroscopically complete tumor excision. Mutation analysis was done from 1,505 tumors. We analyzed associations between KIT and PDGFRA mutations and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the subsets in which patients were treated with surgery alone.

Results

We identified 301 different single mutations in KIT and 33 in PDGFRA. Patients with PDGFRA mutations had more favorable RFS than those with KIT mutations (hazard ratio, 0.34; P = .004). Only one of the 35 GISTs with KIT exon 11 duplication mutations recurred. Patients with deletions of only one codon of KIT exon 11 had better RFS than those with another deletion type, and some KIT exon 11 substitution mutations (Trp557Arg, Val559Ala, and Leu576Pro) were also associated with favorable RFS. Patients with an identical mutation had greatly variable outcomes depending on the standard prognostic factors, notably, mitotic count. Commonly used risk stratification schemes tended to overestimate the risk for recurrence in subgroups with prognostically favorable mutations.

Conclusion

GISTs with an identical KIT or PDGFRA mutation may have widely varying risks for recurrence. Most of the patients with PDGFRA mutations and those with KIT exon 11 duplication mutation or deletion of one codon have favorable RFS with surgery alone and are usually not candidates for adjuvant therapy.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Patients With Multiple Myeloma: A Consensus Statement
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Hillengass Jens , Usmani Saad , Zamagni Elena , Lentzsch Suzanne , Davies Faith E. , Raje Noopur , Sezer Orhan , Zweegman Sonja , Shah Jatin , Badros Ashraf , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Moreau Philippe , Chim Chor-Sang , Lahuerta Juan José , Hou Jian , Jurczyszyn Artur , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Sonneveld Pieter , Palumbo Antonio , Ludwig Heinz , Cavo Michele , Barlogie Bart , Anderson Kenneth , Roodman G. David , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Durie Brian G.M. , Terpos Evangelos
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The aim of International Myeloma Working Group was to develop practical recommendations for the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

An interdisciplinary panel of clinical experts on MM and myeloma bone disease developed recommendations for the value of MRI based on data published through March 2014.

Recommendations

MRI has high sensitivity for the early detection of marrow infiltration by myeloma cells compared with other radiographic methods. Thus, MRI detects bone involvement in patients with myeloma much earlier than the myeloma-related bone destruction, with no radiation exposure. It is the gold standard for the imaging of axial skeleton, for the evaluation of painful lesions, and for distinguishing benign versus malignant osteoporotic vertebral fractures. MRI has the ability to detect spinal cord or nerve compression and presence of soft tissue masses, and it is recommended for the workup of solitary bone plasmacytoma. Regarding smoldering or asymptomatic myeloma, all patients should undergo whole-body MRI (WB-MRI; or spine and pelvic MRI if WB-MRI is not available), and if they have > one focal lesion of a diameter > 5 mm, they should be considered to have symptomatic disease that requires therapy. In cases of equivocal small lesions, a second MRI should be performed after 3 to 6 months, and if there is progression on MRI, the patient should be treated as having symptomatic myeloma. MRI at diagnosis of symptomatic patients and after treatment (mainly after autologous stem-cell transplantation) provides prognostic information; however, to date, this does not change treatment selection.
Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Allows for the Identification of Impending Relapse: Results of the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 Trial
Authors: Bader Peter , Kreyenberg Hermann , von Stackelberg Arend , Eckert Cornelia , Salzmann-Manrique Emilia , Meisel Roland , Poetschger Ulrike , Stachel Daniel , Schrappe Martin , Alten Julia , Schrauder Andre , Schulz Ansgar , Lang Peter , Müller Ingo , Albert Michael H. , Willasch Andre M. , Klingebiel Thomas E. , Peters Christina
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To elucidate the impact of minimal residual disease (MRD) after allogeneic transplantation, the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Stem Cell Transplantation Group (ALL-BFM-SCT) conducted a prospective clinical trial.

Patients and Methods

In the ALL-BFM-SCT 2003 trial, MRD was assessed in the bone marrow at days +30, +60, +90, +180, and +365 after transplantation in 113 patients with relapsed disease. Standardized quantification of MRD was performed according to the guidelines of the Euro-MRD Group.

Results

All patients showed a 3-year probability of event-free survival (pEFS) of 55%. The cumulative incidence rates of relapse and treatment-related mortality were 32% and 12%, respectively. The pEFS was 60% for patients who received their transplantations in second complete remission, 50% for patients in ≥ third complete remission, and 0% for patients not in remission (P = .015). At all time points, the level of MRD was inversely correlated with event-free survival (EFS; P < .004) and positively correlated with the cumulative incidence of relapse (P < .01). A multivariable Cox model was fitted for each time point, which showed that MRD ≥ 10−4leukemic cells was consistently correlated with inferior EFS (P < .003). The accuracy of MRD measurements in predicting relapse was investigated with time-dependent receiver operating curves at days +30, +60, +90, and +180. From day +60 onward, the discriminatory power of MRD detection to predict the probability of relapse after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months was more than 96%, more than 87%, more than 71%, and more than 61%, respectively.

Conclusion

MRD after transplantation was a reliable marker for predicting impending relapses and could thus serve as the basis for pre-emptive therapy.