bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peygamberlerin İsmet Sıfatının Kur’ân Yorumlarına Etkisi (Hz. Âdem Örneği)
Authors: ŞEN Mustafa
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma Peygamberlerin sıfatlarından olan ismet inancının Kur’an yorumlarını nasıl etkilediğini Hz. Âdem kıssası örneğinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kur’an’ın yorumuna etki eden âmillerden birisi de İslam düşüncesinde yer alan ‘ismet’ sıfatıdır. Siyasi temelli olarak ortaya çıktığı anlaşılan ve daha sonra itikadi konular arasında yer alan ‘ismet’ sıfatı Şîîlere göre imamlarda ve peygamberlerde; Ehl-i sünnet ve Mu’tezile’ye göre ise sadece peygamberlerde bulunması zorunlu bir sıfattır. Kur’an’da peygamberlerin ihlaslı, seçkin, doğru ve daima Allah’a yönelen gibi üstün özelliklerine temas edilmekle birlikte onlar hakkında günah işlememe gibi bir nitelikten söz edilmemektedir; aksine bazı peygamberlerin işlemiş olduğu hatalardan bahsedilmektedir. Durum böyle olmakla birlikte peygamberlerin hata işlediğine dair âyetler, kimi müfessirler tarafından ismet kavramı çerçevesinde yorumlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle ismet sıfatının mahiyetiyle ilgili kelam mezheplerinin düşünceleri de dikkate alınarak giriş sadedinde kısa bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Daha sonra ilgili âyetlerin, ilke/itikat olarak benimsenen ismet sıfatı gölgesinde yorumlanması, Hz. Âdem örneği çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ismet sıfatı bağlamında ilgili âyetlere yaklaşım olduğu için, kıssaların gerçekliği, tarihselliği ve mitolojik unsurlar içerip içermediği konuları üzerinde durulmayacaktır.
Simulation of self-compacting concrete properties containing silica quicksand using ANN models
Authors: Tabatabaei Mirhosseini Ramin , Shamsadinei Mohsen
Published: January 2019

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mix designs exhibit complexities in their mechanical properties due to composite nature of the material and the multitude and variety of factors that affect such properties. In this paper, a set of SCC mix designs are made using silica quicksand (as filler) instead of rock powder with other required materials. The tests of fresh concrete such as the slump flow, J-ring, V-funnel, L-box tests and the hardened concrete tests are investigated and considered. The tests results are shown that, a high quality has been achieved for SCC mixture contains the quicksand and silica fume contents with low lubricant admixture dosage. The research is embodied the use of a branch of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a quick and reliable alternative to such experimental testing. Results show that the ANN technique can perform as a satisfactory alternative to experimental testing to provide speedy prediction of optimum silica quicksand content must be added prior to SCC mix design. As such, proposed method for the SCC mix design are limited in scope and are approximate at best as they must rely on the results of experimental tests, which are both costly and time-consuming to perform.
Early stage Design Workflow for high Energy Performance Multi-storey Residential Buildings
Authors: Hachem C. , Beckett R.
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a methodology to optimize building envelope energy performance for multi-storey residential buildings using a design performance model approach. Five analysis techniques, applied to a database of parametric simulation results, are proposed to derive information on various building performance features that can support early design decisions. Information may include optimal combination of design parameter values to achieve lowest energy consumption, or the relative impact of design parameters on a given design, such as a base case. A workflow template is established to provide support for the design process of energy efficient multi-storey residential buildings. This template can form a basis for the development of an interactive tool that integrates energy performance principles into early stage design decisions. The application of this methodology to a building in Vancouver (BC, Canada, 49°N) is presented as a case study. Results of this application demonstrates that adopting a specific combination of building envelope parameters, thermal load can be reduced by up to 85% as compared to a base case designed according to commonly built apartment buildings in the studied location.
Urban Ruralities. A Geographical Perspective
Authors: Paniagua R. Angel
Published: January 2019

Usually rural geography has associated the city and the countryside in a binary and unequal way. The city concentrates power and draws the domain in terms of material and representation. In this way urban ruralities have had a minor consideration and have been left in the shadow in the field of rural geography. In the present contribution, three geographic research areas of new urban ruralities are proposed, above all in the global north: individual urban rurality, embedded urban rurality or garden rurality and edge rurality.
Entre o religioso e o secular: a espiritualidade em um mundo sem religião
Authors: Assis Thaís Silva de
Published: January 2019

Este artigo discute um aspecto da dinâmica do campo religioso contemporâneo dentro do qual, apesar da religião continuar a ser um domínio fundamental da sociedade, cada vez mais indivíduos se autoidentificam como “sem religião” ou “espirituais, mas não religiosos”. A proposta é empreender uma análise teórica que, por suspeitar dos usos acadêmicos e leigos das categorias de religião e irreligião, faz da reflexão sobre eles o ponto de partida para discutir as relações entre o que é considerado religioso e o que fica classificado às suas margens. Nesse sentido, o trabalho pretende contribuir com uma problematização sociológica dos processos de definição dos significados e de elaboração das fronteiras entre as noções de religião e espiritualidade.
A Conceptual Study of User Adoption for Military Lifetime Health Record Systems
Authors: Sallehudin Hasimi , Md Fadzil Ahmad Firdause , Baker Rogis
Published: January 2019

The Ministry of Defence in Malaysia has realized a lot of information technology venturing into the world of healthcare for armed forces. From time to time, the majority of these successful healthcare systems are increasingly aware of the extent and success of its operations. Along with IT growth, there is a need for excellent technical capability as well as integrated, centralized, comprehensive and intensive health information systems for armed forces in Malaysia. However, given the success rate in the application of transverse health information system is very high, it is significant to identify the user adoption factor to increase the success rate. Thus, this paper attempt to identify user adoption factors among the medical and clinical personnelâ€™s which Malaysian Armed Forces Hospital and Clinics should keep in mind, to ensure the success of health record systemsâ€™ implementation. In this article, we propose our proposition for the clinician and medical personnelâ€™s adoption model to answer our research problem.
DESAIN KOMPONEN PEMIPIL JAGUNG PADA MESIN PERONTOK PAJAKA (Padi, Jagung, Kacang)
Authors: Kurniawan Max , Pomalingo Moh Fikri , Ginting Agus Susanto
Published: January 2019

Jagung merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan yang banyak dibudidayakan petani. Jagung juga merupakan bahan pangan pokok kedua setelah beras bagi masyarakat Gorontalo. Hampir semua bagian tanaman jagung mempunyai kegunaan. Batang dan daun jagung dapat digunakan untuk kertas dan papan dinding. Tongkol dapat digunakan untuk bahan bakar, silosa dan furfural. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Merancang komponen pemipil berbentuk poros bergerigi dan menguji kinerja poros pemipil dengan memanfaatkan putaran mesin penggerak. Mesin ini memiliki manfaat antara lain: Dapat mempercepat proses pemipilan dari yang dilakukan secara manual dan mempermudah petani dalam memipil jagung serta meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Prinsip kerja mesin pemipil ini digerakkan oleh motor penggerak, daya dari penggerak ditransmisikan oleh puli dan v-belt keporos pemipil. Untuk melakukan pemipilan, dengan memanfaatkan putaran jagung diletakkan pada poros pemipil sehingga jagung tesebut akan terpipil dengan sendirinya karena ban karet yang ada pada poros berfungsi sebagai perontok. Hasil uji coba menggunakan sampel 1kg jagung pada tiap putaran. Percobaan pertama yaitu pada putaran 1200 Rpm mendapatkan 308.46 g/menit, percobaan kedua yaitu pada putaran 1400 Rpm mendapatkan 302.35 g/menit dan percobaan ketiga yaitu pada putaran 1600 Rpm mendapatkan 212.12 g/menit
THE CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR CONCENTRATION OF THE TARGET PRODUCT IN THE CHEMICAL REACTOR
Authors: Лабутин Александр , Labutin Aleksandr , Невиницын Владимир , Nevinitsyn Vladimir , Волкова Галина , Volkova Galina , Сальков Владислав , Sal'kov Vladislav
Published: January 2019

A chemicalreactor is one of the common apparatuses in chemical industry. Despite a large number of theworks related to automation and control of chemical reactors, the problem of synthesizing controlsystems that provide the maintenance of optimal modes of their operation remains practically unsolved.This is related to the principal feature of chemical reactors as controlled objects, namely,manifold, non-linearity, and multi-coupling. An outcome from this situation is to develop a physicaltheory of control, in particular synergetic control theory.

The problem of analytical synthesis of nonlinear control law for the concentration of the target component in a chemical reactor has been solved.We use the methods of synergetic control theory, simulation methodsand methods of computational experiment.

The paper deals with continuous stirred tank reactor equipped with a mechanicalstirrer and cooling jacket. The reactor operates in the polytropic mode. The multistep series-parallelexothermic process is carried out in the reactor. The objective of chemical reactor operationis to obtain the key product of specified concentration.
Dynamics of top-down factors with relation to ecological attributes of an endangered species Commiphora wightii
Authors: Kulloli R. N. , Mathur Manish , Kumar Suresh
Published: January 2019

Present study was aimed to explore the influence of top down factors on ecological attributes of Commiphora wightii collected from seven districts of arid and semi arid parts of the Rajasthan. Ecological variables in respect of 46 accessions of this species were quantified. To assess the explanatory factors governing quantified ecological variables, soil samples were collected to analyze soil texture, soil EC, pH, available potassium, available phosphorus and total soil nitrogen. Results showed that there was a specific relationship between soil variables and occurence of C. wightii. The mid ranges of potassium (200-300 kg/ha) emerged as favourable to have better density and health of C. wightii: This is the first report on regulatory role of potassium on distribution and occurrence of C. wightii.
Evaluation of localization of lead and nickel in plant cells of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. absorbed from mine spoil waste
Authors: Davamani V. , Parameswari E. , Arulmani S. , Doraisamy P. , Kennedy J. S. , Maheswari M.
Published: January 2019

A detailed survey was undertaken in the sewage water contaminated areas of Coimbatore to select the natural hyper accumulators to rehabilitate the contaminated mine spoils. From this experiment the Pb and Ni accumulators, Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. were selected for further studies towards remediating the metal contaminated mine spoils. Microtomy of root, stem and leaf of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. showed that the colour development in the plant species is evidence for accumulation of metals in different parts of plants and also tolerance mechanism employed by plant species under metal stress condition. The accumulation of heavy metals from soil to plant did not follow any particular pattern and varied with respect to metals, species and plant parts. However, the maximum Pb localization took place in root portion than in aerial parts. But the Ni accumulation was almost equal or higher in aerial parts (leaf and stem) compared to roots. This study revealed that the Amaranthus sp and Brassica sp stored lead and nickel in roots, leaves and stems. The roots showed more localization of metals followed by leaves and stems.
Development of low alcoholic naturally carbonated fermented debittered beverage from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
Authors: Pandove G. , Sahota P. , Gupta N.
Published: January 2019

A pure yeast Clavispora lusitaniae, isolated from whey beverage, phenotypically characterized and molecularly characterized by sequencing of D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was used to produce low alcoholic naturally carbonated fermented debittered beverage from Grapefruit. C. lusitaniae produces enzyme naringinase. This enzyme is a mixture of ?-L-rhamnosidase and ?-D-glucosidase. The bitter component in citrus fruit, naringin can be hydrolyzed by ?-L-rhamnosidase to rhamnose and prunin then by ?-glucosidase to glucose and naringenin. The freshly prepared fermented Grapefruit beverage had TSS 14 °B, pH 4.7, acidity 0.26%, brix acid ratio 53.85, total sugars 11.6%, reducing sugars 3.34%, ascorbic acid 21.9 mg/100 ml, naringin 643.2 ppm, alcohol 0.00% (v/v), CO2 0.00 bar and total yeast count 5.83 (Log no.of cells/ml). Physico-chemical changes recorded after three months of storage at refrigerated temperature revealed TSS 12.0 °B, pH 4.2, acidity 0.54%, brix acid ratio 22.22, total sugars 8.97%, reducing sugars 1.94%, ascorbic acid 18.45 mg/100 ml, naringin 365.2 ppm, alcohol 0.76 % (v/v), CO2 1.35 bar and total yeast count 8.54 (Log no.of cells/ml). Naturally produced CO2 by C. lusitaniae during fermentation adds effervescence, sparkle, tangy taste to the beverage in addition to its antimicrobial properties. Thus bio-enzymatic debittering by C. lusitaniae may become the new direction of citrus juice processing in the future, due to its economical viability with strong ability to remove the bitter taste from citrus juice beverage.
Variable survival ability of rhizobacteria in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) rhizosphere
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Yadav Kusum
Published: January 2019

A study was undertaken to compare the survival efficacy of two native, previously characterized bacterial biovars viz. Bacillus subtilis BCU5 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PCU17 with Bacillus subtilis strain MTCC1789 and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain MTCC4828, procured from Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh,India in cumin rhizosphere and bulk soil. All the four bacterial types were made rifampicin resistant and the mutants were applied as inoculants at the dosage of 6 log, 7 log and 8 log colony forming units (cfu) g-1 dry soil weight in pots containing cumin seedlings. The cfu of rhizosphere and bulk soil of pots was observed per week for four weeks. The results show that the initial population decline is a common feature of bioinoculants. In rhizosphere and bulk soil, the native bacterial biovars survived better than their procured counterparts. The population of P. fluorescens strain MTCC4828r in rhizosphere soil declined faster and reached below detection limit whereas the P. fluorescens biovar PCUr rhizosphere final population dropped to 3.1 log, 2.9 log and 2.13 log cfu g-1 soil dry weight with 8 log, 7 log and 6 log cfu g-1 soil dry weight inoculum treatment, respectively. In contrast to P. fluorescens strain MTCC4828r, the population of B. subtilis strain MTCC1789r stabilized after some decline and was comparable with B. subtilis biovar BCU5 population. Study concludes that the inoculant population decline in soil was the result of lower microbial load carrying capacity of soil than the provided inoculum densities. Also, the native bacteria survived better than procured ones in rhizosphere soil.
Effect of cabinet tray dryer on Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) slices during drying process and storage study of dehydrated tomato powder
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Singh Sweta , Singh B. R. , Chandra Suresh , Samsher Samsher
Published: January 2019

The effected dehydrated tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) samples determining by acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, lycopene content and microbial growth. The highest acidity value 7.42 of untreated samples (4mm) in LDPE packaging material and 8.12 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil packaging and the lowest pH value 2.05 of untreated samples (6mm) in LDPE packaging material and 2.07 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil package under cabinet tray dryer (65 0C) after 120 days. The lowest lycopene content value 50.71 of untreated sam-ples (6 mm) in LDPE packaging material and 60.24 of untreated samples (4 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer at 65 0C after 120 days. The lowest vitamin C value 8.54 of untreated samples (4mm) in LDPE packaging and 9.50 of untreated samples (6 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer after 120 days. We can see that microbial growth not detect in the starting 30 days but after one month we can easily see microbial growth. When considering growth rates of microbial pathogens, in addition to temperature, time is a critical consideration. Food producers or manufacturers address the concept of time as it relates to microbial growth when a product's shelf life is determined. The highest microbial growth 4.55×102 of untreated samples (6mm) in LDPE pack-aging and 4.49×102 of untreated samples (8 mm) in aluminum foil packaging under cabinet tray dryer after 120 days.
Response of different Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids to canopy modification practices
Authors: Kaul Amit , Deol J. S. , Brar A. S.
Published: January 2019

A field investigation was carried out to characterize the growth and development of Bt cotton hybrids by detopping and use of plant growth retardants during the rainy (kharif) season of 2011 and 2012. The experimental site had loamy sand soils with normal in reaction. The experiment (split plot) involved three Bt cotton hybrids (MRC 7017, MRC 7031 and RCH 314) in main plots and growth regulation treatments (Mepiquat chloride (MC) @ 300 ppm, 2, 3, 5-tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) @ 100 ppm and Maelic hydrazide (MH) @ 250 ppm) in sub plots with four replications. Hybrid MRC 7017 produced significantly higher (p<0.01) seed cotton yield which was attributed to the maximum number of sympodial branches plant-1, total number of flowers and picked bolls plant-1. Application of MC @ 300 ppm, TIBA @ 100 ppm and MH @ 250 ppm reduced plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter accu-mulation than control. Detopping treatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced plant height than control but attained more plant height than all the PGRs. MC @ 300 ppm, TIBA @ 100 ppm and MH @ 250 ppm at 80 days after sowing had beneficial effect on seed cotton yield. Detopping done at 80 days after sowing failed to influence the seed cotton yield dur-ing both the years. The results revealed that foliar application of MC @ 300 ppm yielded more seed cotton by improv-ing the setting percentage and therefore, increased number of picked (open) bolls plant-1 without exhibiting any ad-verse effect on quality traits.
Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks
Authors: Patel R. A. , Kapadiya K. B. , Ghodasara D. J.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.
Statistical media optimization studies for growth and polydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by Pseudomonas spp.
Authors: Jangra Mukesh R. , Batra Ritu , Ikbal Ikbal , Jain Akanksha , Ahlawat Rekha , Sikka Virendra K.
Published: January 2019

Using glucose as carbon source and mustard cake and yeast extract as nitrogen sources bacterial isolate Pseudomonas B2 exhibited a maximum PHB recovery of 0.620 (in terms of O.D.) and PHB weight of 0.27g/L in 96 h. To determine the possibility of growth potential of Pseudomonas spp., it was grown in different carbon sources like fructose, glucose, maltose, mannitol etc. and it was found that glucose yielded good growth and PHB production. In order to incorporate cost effective nitrogen and carbon source, mustard cake and cotton cake as nitrogen source and molasses as carbon were used in medium. Statistical media optimization design was used to optimize the culture conditions for maximizing the PHB production. A maximum of 0.37 g/L of PHB and 0.746 (O.D.) PHB recoveries were obtained using optimized concentrations. Batch kinetics can be used for model development, which will make possible simulation of nutrient limited cultivation(s) for over accumulation of PHB. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of PHB.
Effect of post harvest treatments and harvesting stage on vase life and flower quality of cut Oriental lily
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra , Kumar Ramesh , Sindhu S. S. , Saha T. N. , Arora Ajay , Sharma R. R. , Sarkar S. K. , Kadam Ganesh B. , Girish K. S.
Published: January 2019

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of post harvest treatments and harvesting stage on vase life and flower quality of cut Oriental lily cv. Avocado. The results showed that highest vase life (15.83 days) and vase solution uptake (49.17 ml) was recorded with sucrose (2%) + 5-SSA (200ppm), whereas maximum flower diameter (15.17 cm) was recorded in vase solution containing sucrose (2%) + 5-SSA (100ppm). Earliest opening of florets (4.42 days) reported under sucrose (2%) + 5-SSA (200ppm). Effect of treatments was found non-significant in respect to opening of florets. Harvesting at green bud stage exhibited extended vase life (14.33 days) and higher vase solution uptake (40.43 ml), whereas maximum flower diameter (14.25 cm) recorded at 75% colour development stage. Based on the results it is concluded that 5-SSA could be an inexpensive and potential chemical for delaying senescence and for extending the keeping quality of cut liliums commercially.
Influence of agronomic practices on severity of late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans)
Authors: Dey S. , Chakraborty A.
Published: January 2019

An experiment was carried out to find out the influence of such agronomic practices on severity of the disease and to seek a proper cultural practice for management late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans). The experimental results showed that the severity of late blight disease could be minimized by reducing the depth of irrigation (i.e. ¼ of irrigation channel). It was observed that the disease severity could be minimized by increasing the row-to-row and plant-to-plant spacing (60 × 25 cm). It was also observed that when less than recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizer (200 Kg N/ha) along with slightly more than recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (200 Kg P2O5/ha and 250 Kg K2O/ha) was applied, severity and spread of the disease was found to be under check. Therefore, for better management of late blight of potato the proper agronomic practices should be integrated with the application of fungicides. This will not only reduce the number of sprays but also reduces the health hazards owing to application of fungicides.
Heterosis in single cross inter and intra-specific hybrids of Desi cotton (Gossipium arboreum and G. herbaceaum) for their seed cotton yield, fibre quality and seed oil content
Authors: Choudhary Rakesh , Solanki B. G. , Gahtyari Navin Chander , Paul Tapas , Patel D. M.
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was carried out to assess the expression of per se performance and heterotic effect for fibre quality and seed oil content besides seed cotton yield, studied involving ten desi cotton (Gossipium arboreum and G. herbaceaum) genotypes and their 45 cross combinations in half diallel analysis. F-1 hybrids GBhv-282 x G 27 (67.36%), GBhv- 287 x 824 (58.14%), GBhv- 282 x GAM- 173 (35.00%), GBhv- 286 x G 27 (20.50%), and GBhv- 283 x 824 (18.75%) recorded highest per se performance and significant positive standard heterosis while the maximum heterobeltiosis for seed cotton yield per plant was exhibited by the hybrid GBhv- 287 x 824(155.60 %) followed by GBhv- 282 x G 27 (151.29%) and GBhv- 282 x GAM- 173 (130.30%). Similar trend of heterosis for numbers of boll per plant were observed in above hybrids. For fibre quality traits none of the cross showed consistent high performance for all the characters. Cross GBhv- 283 x 824 was exhibited high standard heterosis for 2.5 % span length, fibre strength, fibre elongation percentage as well as for short fibre index (SFI) while cross GBhv- 286 x 824 were promising for 2.5 per cent span length, fibre strength and fibre fineness. In case of oil content intraarboreum crosses resulted as better crosses and among them cross combination 824 x GAM- 173 was best. Desi cotton hybrids are having lower fibre quality and yield. So, improvement for yield and fibre quality of diploid native varieties through heterosis breeding provided better hybrids for rainfed farming.
Effect of super-optimal levels of fertilizers on soil enzymatic activities during growth stages of wheat crop on an Inceptisol
Authors: Rakshit Rajiv , Patra A.K. , Purakayastha T.J. , Singh R.D. , Dhar Shiva , Pathak Himanshu , Das Anupam
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 to investigate the effect of optimal (100% NPK) to super-optimal doses (200% NPK) of mineral fertilizers on soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase (DHA), acid phosphatase (Ac-PA), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-PA), fluorescien diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), urease and nitrate reductase (NRA) at three physiological stages (CRI, anthesis and maturity) of wheat crop on an Inceptisol. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 28-37% when fertilizer application was at super-optimal dose (200% NPK), whereas, urease and NRA responded positively in the range of 43-44% and 213-231% respectively. Alk-PAwas 7.3-7.9% higher in treatments receiving 125% NPK as compared to control (100% NPK); whereas, Ac-PA declines in the plots receiving 175 and 200% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as compared to 150% NPK levels. Addition of 175% RDF increased the FDA to the tune of 46-53% as compared to 100% NPK. A significant (P?0.05) positive interaction between fertilizer treatments and physiological stages of wheat growth was observed on soil enzyme activities (except urease and NRA) being highest at the anthesis stage of wheat. Correlation matrix analysis showed that DHA was correlated with the studied enzyme activities except Ac-PA and FDA; whereas, strong correlation was observed between urease and NRA (r=0.981, P=0.01). This study provides theoretical and practical base for avoiding super optimal application of fertilisers which hinders the enzyme activities and vis-a-vis sustainable nutrient enrichment under rhizosphere.
Growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of winter popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) as influenced by planting time fertility level and plant population under late sown condition
Authors: Singh S. K. , Singh R. N. , Ram U. S. , Singh M. K.
Published: January 2019

The field experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications, assigning in 27 treatment combinations i.e. three sowing dates of Pop corn (Zea mays everta Sturt.)cv. V.L. Amber (15 Dec, 30 Dec and 15 Jan) arranged in main plots and three level of plant population (60000, 80000 and 100,000 plants ha-1) in sub plot. Three level of fertility (100:50:50, 150:65:65 and 200:85:85 kg of N: P2O5: K2O ha-1) apportioned in sub-sub plots at the Research farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi (U.P.) during late winter (rabi) seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 to study the influenced of planting time, fertility level and plant population on yield attributes, grain yield and economics of winter popcorn (Zea mays everta Sturt.) under late sown condition. The popcorn sown on 15th December recorded highest plant height, leaf-area index, dry matter, popcorn growth rate, yield attributes and yield of pop corn were significantly (P<0.05) affected and recorded highest benefit cost ratio (3.78). While, the maintenance of 80,000 popcorn plants/ha proved optimum for pop corn as it significantly (P<0.05) recorded highest number of kernel cob-1,grain yield (32.61 q/ha) and shelling percentage against density of 60,000 plants, while remained at par in straw yield over 100,000 plants. Application of 200: 85: 85 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha significantly (P<0.05) increased growth, yield attributes and grain yield over 100: 50: 50 and 150: 65: 65 kg N: P2O5: K2O/ha and fetched the highest B: C ratio (3.14).
Population dynamics of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) on Citrus reticulate (Mandarin) var. Kinnow as influenced by weather conditions
Authors: Saini T. , Jaglan Maha Singh , Yadav S.S. , Jakhar P. , Garg Rajbir
Published: January 2019

A field study on population dynamics of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) on citrus mandarin (var. Kinnow) was carried out during 2014-15 at Centre of Excellence (COE) for Fruits situated in village Mangiana of district Sirsa, Haryana. The population of nymphs and adults of this pest was recorded from March 2014 to February 2015 at weekly interval. The nymphal population of the pest was observed only between 12th to 47th meteorological standard weeks (SW) with two major peaks i.e. one during 16th SW with a population of 83.44 nymphs/ 20 leaves and the second during 40th SW with a population of 133.22 nymphs/20 leaves. The above said population dynamics confirmed that this pest remained inactive in pupal stage during winter i.e. 48th to 11th SW. Similar trend was observed in respect of adult population. Nymphal population showed significant positive correlation with morning relative humidity (r = 0.329) and sunshine hours (r = 0.362), while adult population was found to have positive correlation with sunshine hours only (r = 0.332). Multiple regression analysis of the pest population with environment variables indicated that out of 45 per cent variability in nymphal population, 37 per cent was due to relative humidity and sunshine hours. Out of the total variability of 30 per cent variation in adult population, 20 per cent was due to evening relative humidity, while 10 per cent attributed to sunshine hours. The other weather parameters were found to have no significant correlation with the pest population. Although study of population dynamics of this study were conducted elsewhere but this is first study of its kind in the state of Haryana. The population dynamics revealed by this study have far reaching significance in pest management strategy as integrated control measures may be focused only during the period wherein population exceeds economic threshold level (ETL). The information on population dynamics of any insect pest in a given ecological niche should be considered as starting point for evolving eco - friendly pest management package.
Growth and yield of transplanted rice as affected by different cultivars and weed management practices
Authors: Mandi Sunil , Dar Eajaz Ahmad , Datta Ashim , Singh Ram Pratap , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: January 2019

An experiment was conducted to study the competitive ability of rice cultivars in different weed management practices in transplanted rice. Five cultivars viz. BPT-5204, Malviya 36, HUBR2-1, Swarna and Adamchini were tested for three weed management practices viz. Hand weeding, Bispyribac-sodium@25g ha-1 and Weedy check. Among the different cultivars tested, the Swarna proved to be the best selection in producing higher grain (4.6 t ha-1) and straw yield (5 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (44.4%) due to more no. of tillers hill-1, dry matter accumulation, no. of panicles hill-1, no. of grains/panicle and test weight (20.3 g). The grain and straw yield in Swarnawere 130 and 43% higher than the lowest yielding cultivar Adamchini respectively. The best weed control was achieved by hand weeding thrice at 25, 55 and 85 DAT. The grain yield was 58 and 27 % higher through hand weeding than that of weedy check and Bispyribac-sodium applied treatment, respectively. To examine the performance of different rice cultivars in terms of growth and yield potential, evaluation of these cultivars is necessary with different weed management practices. Therefore, release of best weed suppressive rice cultivars for the farmers is important for improving the productivity as well as reduced cost of production for feeding the ever growing population of the country in the year to come.
Biology of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) on Citrus reticulate (Mandarin) var. Kinnow
Authors: Saini Tekchand , Jaglan Maha Singh , Yadav S. S. , Garg Rajbir
Published: January 2019

Screen house studies on biology of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were conducted during 2014-15 in screen house of Department of Entomology College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar on citrus mandarin (var. Kinnow). Results on biological studies of D. citri revealed that female on an average laid 151±42.99 eggs with an incubation period of 13.3±1.89 days. The mean duration of first, second and third instar nymphs were 13.1±1.77, 11.1±2.05 and 15.4±2.41 days, respectively. The pupal duration was 108.3±4.33 days. Adult Male lived for 16.5±1.96 days whereas adult female lived for 18.6±2.06 days. The male whitefly completed its life cycle in 178.8±6.73 days whereas the corresponding period for female whitefly was 180±7.02 days. This study established that biology of the insect is rather a stable trait because no significant variation was observed when compared with decade old reports despite the fact that agro-ecology including weather phenomenon have undergone significant change in the last decade.
Taxonomic studies of Eulophid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) collected from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Parshuram More Sandip , Agnihotri Meena , Khan M. A.
Published: January 2019

A sound taxonomic knowledge base is a prerequisite for effective conservation, environment assessment, ecological research, management and sustainable use of biological resources. Parasitoids are the major component of the biocontrol, so the correct identification of the parasitoid is very important task. Eulophidae is a large family of the superfamily Chalcidoidea and comprises promising biocontrol agents for the control of insect pests causing harm to agricultural ecosystem. The present study has been done to provide the account and occurrence of 4 genera belonging to subfamily Entedoninae, Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae. Entedon costalis Dalman, Diglyphus horticola Khan, Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault), and Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus (Fullaway) was collected from Uttarakhand (India) and described in detail with additional morphological characters that aids in clear identification of the parasitoids. Entedon costalis is recorded from this region with additional characters for identification.
Nonlinear modelling of sheep and goat populations in India
Authors: Dilliwar Leena , Verma Med Ram , Singh Yash Pal , Sharma Vijay Bahadur , Kumar Sanjay , Shukla Ajay
Published: January 2019

The objective of this paper was to study the trend in population of sheep and goat populations during 1951 to 2012 in India. The data were compiled from various issues of BAHS (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics) for the period 1951 to 2012. Different nonlinear growth models such as Parabolic/Sikka, Brody, Brody modified, Wood, Logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the census data of sheep and goat population. The goodness of fit of the models was tested by Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The populations of sheep and goat in India during the year 1951 were 39.10 million and 47.20 million numbers respectively and reached 135.17 million and 65.06 million respectively in the year 2012. Based on the various measures of goodness of fit we observed that the Parabolic/Sikka model was the best fitted model for studying the pattern in the populations of sheep and goat in India. This model has been used to project the sheep and goat population in India during 2020, 2025 and 2030. If the present pattern of growth continued in near future then the projected sheep population will be 102.37 million numbers whereas goat population will be 151.57 million numbers in the year 2030. The present study will provide the pattern in which the changes have been observed in sheep and goat populations in India during 1951 to 2012.
Genotype × environment interaction for morphological and quality traits of wheat varieties under different nitrogen regimes in the foothills of Shivalik range of Himalayas
Authors: Uniyal Meenakshi , Jaiswal J. P. , Prasad Birendra , Gangwar Rishi Pal
Published: January 2019

Variation among twelve winter wheat varieties with respect to N efficiency (NE) were assessed in field trial planned as per factorial experimental design (two years × three nitrogen doses × twelve genotypes) in which treatments were randomized in three replications under three nitrogen levels (control, 150, 250 kg/ha) for two successive years at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Center, Pantnagar. Stability analysis of nitrogen efficiency contributing traits was performed using mean performance, linear regression and the deviation from regression. No single genotype performed well enough for all the traits under study. QLD 33, HD 2967 and QLD 39 were stable for root length showing good performance for nitrogen uptake. HD 3112 was most stable variety for most of the characters whereas, QLD 33 was found to perform best under higher levels of nitrogen fertilisation, thus, not efficient enough. But, QLD 33 showed delayed maturity which could be linked with an increase in grain yield thus, it could be said that functional stay green phenotypes should increase the grain filling period and boost yield.
Bioefficacy of some insecticides against shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee on brinjal under Hisar agro-climatic conditions during kharif season
Authors: Raina Jyoti , Yadav G. S , Sharma S. S
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted to study the bioefficacy of some insecticides against Leucinodes orbonalis during kharif season of 2014 on brinjal var. BR-112 at Entomology Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Five foliar sprays of insecticides viz., cypermethrin 25EC @ 43.75 g a.i/ ha, fenvalerate 20EC @40 g a.i/ ha, deltamethrin 2.8EC @ 14 g a.i/ ha, chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 200 g a.i/ ha, Prempt 20EC @ 150 g a.i/ ha, malathion 50EC @ 250 g a.i/ ha and Nimbecidine 0.03% @ 3 ml/l were evaluated and it was found that all the insecticides proved significantly superior (at 5% level) to control (untreated) in reducing the damage of shoot and fruit borer in brinjal. Among all, deltamethrin proved most effective in reducing shoot damage (60.40%) and fruit damage, on number basis (88.87%) and weight basis (88.89%) over control. Deltamethrin recorded the highest marketable fruit yield of 132.27q/ha and lowest was found in case of Nimbecidine (33.53 q/ha). Highest (1:8.7) cost to benefit ratio was recorded in deltamethrin followed by fenvalerate (1:8.5), cypermethrin (1:6.5), chlorpyriphos (1:4.5), Prempt (1:1.9), malathion (1:0.6) and Nimbecidine (1: -0.3). From these findings, it was revealed that synthetic pyretheroids being the most effective and economic over other insecticides, may be incorporated in IPM practices followed against brinjal shoot and fruit borer.
Distribution of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in different parts of tomato plants: A serological perspective
Authors: Kumar Anil , Handa Anil , Watpade Santosh
Published: January 2019

Serological detection of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in different parts of tomato through DAS-ELISA revealed that its branches have highest virus concentration followed by twigs, mature leaves and middle leaves. The samples derived from the branches gave highest mean OD value 0.517 whereas, the recorded mean OD values in case of twigs, mature leaves and middle leaves were 0.470, 0.444 and 0.419, at A405 nm, respectively. The virus was not found to be present in flowers and fruits as indicated by lower mean OD values, i.e. 0.215 and 0.159, respectively. On the basis of findings of the our experiment, the branches, twigs, mature leaves and middle leaves had high concentration of the virus and hence these parts could be used in the detection of TYLCV, whereas, flowers and fruits had very low titer of virus, thus, not recommended to be used for serological detection.
Evaluation of the effects of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation
Authors: Kumar Amit , Yadav A. C. , Ansul Ansul , Kumar Vinod , Singh Avtar
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation. Treatments comprised of three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) (F0- no FYM, F1- 10 t/ha and F2- 20 t/ha FYM) and three levels of gypsum (G0- nogypsum, G1- 50% neutralization of RSC and G2- 100% neutralization of RSC) in addition to control (irrigation with sodic water and no FYM and no gypsum F0G0). Results of the study showed that the seedling mortality was maximum (77.50 %) in control (F0G0) treatment, while minimum number of seedlings mortality (18.17 %) was observed in (F2G2) treatment followed by (25.17 %) (F2G1) treatment. There was significant increase in growth and yield of onion with application of FYM and gypsum. Moreover, maximum bulb yield (180.83 q/ha) was recorded in (F2G2) followed by F2G1 (152.22 q/ha) where 100% sodicity of water was neutralized by the application of gypsum and 20 t/ha FYM. Under sodic water conditions, increasing level of gypsum and FYM help in reducing the sodicity of irrigation water and thereby, increasing the yield of onion. The study concluded that in present situation of scarcity of good quality water for agricultural purposes, use of amendments like FYM and gypsum were best alternative for the best possible use of poor quality ground water and simultaneously sustain the yield of vegetable crops like onion which are sensitive to sodic water.
Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop
Authors: Kumari Meena , Verma S. C. , Bhardwaj S. K. , Thakur Ashok K. , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Rajnish
Published: January 2019

Global warming is predicted to have negative effect on plant growth due to the damaging effect of high temperature on plant development. The field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 to study effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth parameters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop in order to check the effect of climatechange on vegetable crops. Effect was studied under four conditions i.e. Open Top Chambers, T1: OTC - elevated CO2550±10 ppm; T2: OTC -elevated CO2 550±10 ppm and temperature 1°C; T3: OTC - ambient CO2 and temperature (reference) and T4: natural condition. Maximum plant height at 50 % flowering was recorded in T1 (84.29cm) at elevated CO2 which differed significantly with T2 (79.47cm) at elevated CO2 and temperature, T3 (73.60cm) at ambient CO2 and temperature and natural condition (70.73cm). Minimum days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded in plants growing under T2 (68.56 days). Maximum pollen viability was recorded in T1 (77.42%) followed by T3 (76.36%), T4 (74.65%) and T2 (69.97%). Internode length of plants grown under T1 was maximum (7.01cm) followed by T2 (6.68cm), T3 (6.00cm) and T4 (5.05cm). Elevated temperature and CO2 had significant effects on growth and development in vegetables. Overall, growth parameters of pea crop were affected positively by elevated CO2 whereas under interaction effect of elevated CO2 and temperature these positive effects of CO2 were offset by elevated temperature effect and hampered the growth of pea crop which interns can affect the yield and quality of crop under changing climate scenario.
Weed control efficiency and weed index as influenced by weed management practices in machine transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Negalur R. B. , Halepyati A. S.
Published: January 2019

Field experiment on effect of different weed management practices in machine transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at ARS, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka during kharif, 2012 and 2013 under irrigated condition in clay soil. Pooled mean indicated that, application of butachlor 50 EC fb passing of power operated low land rice weeder twice at 20 and 30 DAT with hand weeding in intra row space recorded significantly lower grassy weed population and dry weight at 40, 60 DAT and at harvest (1.98, 2.47, 2.97/0.25 m2 and 1.00, 1.20, 1.47 g /0.25 m2, respectively), sedge weed population and dry weight (2.61, 3.21, 3.52 /0.25 m2 and 1.19, 1.48, 1.71 g /0.25 m2, respectively) and broad leaved weed population and dry weight (1.68, 2.10, 2.52 / 0.25 m2 and 0.91, 1.06, 1.28 g /0.25 m2, respectively). Significantly higher WCE (87.53%), lower weed index (3.11 %), grain and straw yield (5160 and 6482 kg ha-1, respectively), gross and net returns (Rs. 92,212 and 50,410 ha-1, respectively), and B:C of 2.22 over unweeded check. Hence, application of butachlor 50 EC fb passing of power operated low land rice weeder at 20 and 30 DAT with hand weeding in intra row space was found to be the best weed control method as it recorded higher B:C. Present conventional manual weeding is which is not advantageous as it is costlier, time consuming and labour may trample and damage rice seedlings. Mechanical weeder and sequential application can overcome the same.