bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Socialization, Delinquency during Adolescence and Adjustment in Adolescents and Adult Children
Authors: Climent-Galarza Sonia , Alcaide Marta , Garcia Oscar F. , Chen Fangzhou , Garcia Fernando
Published: November 2022

Although parental socialization has an influence on child development, current research is questioning which combination of parental strictness and warmth acts as protective or risk factors, especially during adolescence when the child is more vulnerable. The sample was 2125 participants, 58.7% female, divided into four age groups: adolescents (28.57%), young adults (28.38%), middle-aged adults (23.95%), and older adults (19.11%). The families were classified into four parenting styles: neglectful, indulgent, authoritative, and authoritarian according to their warmth and strictness scores. The psychosocial adjustment was measured by children’s scores on academic/professional self-concept, self-esteem, delinquency during adolescence, and benevolence values. A MANOVA 4 × 2 × 4 was applied with parenting styles, sex, and age group as independent variables. The results showed that, for adolescents and adult children, only parenting styles characterized by warmth (i.e., indulgent, and authoritative) were found to factor against delinquency during adolescence and benefit greater academic/professional self-concept, self-esteem, and benevolence values, while parenting without warmth (i.e., authoritarian, and neglectful) were identified as risk factors. Contrary to classical research, the present findings seriously question the universal benefits of strict parenting as the only optimal strategy to protect not only against delinquency, but also to foster an adequate self and the internalization of social values.
Damage Identification Method and Uncertainty Analysis of Beam Structures Based on SVM and Swarm Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Hu Zhixiang , Zhu Huiyu , Huang Lei , Cheng Cheng
Published: November 2022

A two-stage damage identification method for beam structures based on support vector machine and swarm intelligence optimization algorithms is proposed. First, the frequencies and mode shapes of the beam structure are obtained using the smooth orthogonal decomposition method, and the normalized modal curvature is calculated as the input of a pre-trained support vector machine to determine the damage location. Then, the stiffness loss at the damaged location of the structure is calculated using swarm intelligence algorithms. The fitness function is the sum of the residual squares of the frequencies of the damaged structure identified by the smooth orthogonal decomposition method and the frequencies calculated for each iteration of the intelligent optimization algorithm. Numerical examples of a damaged simply supported beam structure are used to verify the damage identification performance of the two-stage method. The accuracy of the support vector machine model under different damage degrees and noise levels is studied using the Monte-Carlo method, and an uncertainty of the damage degree prediction value is studied by comparing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, moth-fire algorithm, and mayfly algorithm.
Determination of Window Dimensions Using Mathematical and Simulation Methods to Improve Window Performance: A Case Study on the Jatinegara Barat Flats, Jakarta
Authors: Napitupulu Sally Septania , Hardiman Gagoek , Tobing Rumiati Rosaline
Published: November 2022

The construction of flats is one of the steps toward fulfilling the need for housing in Jakarta and other big cities in Indonesia. This study investigated the thermal problems that focus on air movement in residential units of flats due to window dimensions that cannot accommodate the air velocity that surrounds the buildings because of monotonous window dimensions and the high elevation of the residential units. The position of the interest of this research is on the search for window dimensions that allow comfortable air movement in the residential unit. Based on these problems and interest, the pertinent issue is the design of window dimensions within the facades of the buildings according to the actual air velocity and the elevation of the residential units. The selected object of study was the Jatinegara Barat flats, a block of high-rise flats located in the middle of East Jakarta, Indonesia, which is adjacent to the river. We used a quantitative deductive methodology for the problem analysis via mathematical and simulation methods that use the Ansys R1 2020 software. The final results showed that the relationships between window dimensions, air velocity, and the elevation of residential units can be mapped horizontally and vertically by paying attention to the locations of the window openings with respect to the wind direction and building layout. The horizontal and vertical maps showed repetition of the window dimensions every four floors, with the four floors in the center of the building (read vertically) having window dimensions one-quarter smaller than the four floors above and four floors below.
Shaking Table Test and Numerical Simulation Study of the Reinforcement Strengthening of a Dam
Authors: Xu Qiang , Liu Bo , Chen Jianyun , Li Jing , Wang Mingming
Published: November 2022

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of the seismic failure of the reinforced and unreinforced monoliths of the Huangdeng concrete gravity dam. To verify the scale factors, we use suitable materials (emulation concrete material and fine alloy wire) to simulate the dam concrete and the steel reinforcement (SR) in a scaled experiment model that includes the water-retaining monolith and overflow monolith of the dam. We design shaking table model tests based on the similarity laws and perform nonlinear numerical simulations of damage to the dam. By comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results, the intervals for peak acceleration, in which microcracks appear and macrocracks rapidly expand, are obtained. The modal and damage distribution results verify the proposed design method for the scaled experimental model with SR. By analyzing the results, we reveal the crack resistance mechanism of SR. This research provides a rational foundation for further study of the similarity laws for reinforced dams.
Probabilistic Life Prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine under Wearing Conditions with Incomplete Information
Authors: Fu Xianlei , Wu Maozhi , Zhang Limao
Published: November 2022

This paper developed a data analysis approach to estimate the probabilistic life of an earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machine (TBM) under wearing conditions with incomplete information. The marginal reliability function of each system component of TBM is derived based on data collected from the site. The structure of the failure framework was determined based on the evaluation of influencing factors, including the wearing of the cutter head panel and screw conveyor. The joint distribution model was built by utilizing the best-fit copula function and the remaining reliable mining distance can be predicted from this model. Real data of the remaining thickness of the wearing resistance structure of the cutter head panel and screw conveyor from an earth pressure balance (EPB) TBM were captured. A realistic metro tunneling project in China was utilized to examine the applicability and effectiveness of the developed approach. The results indicate that: (1) With the selection of normal distribution and Gumbel copula as the best-fit marginal distribution function and copula function, the reliable mining distance was predicted as 4.0834 km when the reliability equaled 0.2. (2) The copula function was necessary to be considered to assess the joint distribution of the reliability function, as the predicted mining distance reduces significantly to 3.9970 km if assumed independent. (3) It enables the user to identify the weak component in the machinery and significantly improve the reliable mining distance to 4.5075 km by increasing the initial thickness of the screw conveyor by 0.5 mm. This approach can be implemented to minimize the risk of unintended TBM breakdown and improve the tunneling efficiency by reducing unnecessary cutter head intervention during the mining process.
Research on the Acoustic Environment of Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mu Jingyi , Wang Tian , Zhang Zhenlin
Published: November 2022

As a significant part of heritage building protection, an increasing number of researchers pay attention to the study of the acoustic environment. The purpose of this study was to provide a clear understanding of the status quo of acoustic environment research on heritage buildings and discuss future development directions through a systematic literature review. The PRISMA protocol was used to conduct a systematic evaluation based on 42 studies on the acoustic environment of heritage buildings retrieved from databases such as the Web of Science. Research on the acoustic environment of heritage buildings mainly focused on the following four aspects: the acoustic environment with different functions, the influence of building materials on the acoustic environment, the digitization of acoustic heritage, soundscape measurement, and perception of the historical area. Second, this study discusses the development trend of acoustic environment research of heritage buildings and the shortcomings of current research. Finally, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the acoustic environment research of heritage buildings and offers suggestions for future research.
Cool Roofs in Hot Climates: A Conceptual Review of Modelling Methods and Limitations
Authors: Elnabawi Mohamed H. , Alhumaidi Aysha , Osman Bana , Alshehhi Reem
Published: November 2022

Cool roofs are a long-term alternative for the creation of a building’s thermal comfort as they can reduce the energy required for cooling demands and mitigate the urban heat island effect, thus benefitting both buildings and cities. Interest in cool roofing has recently escalated and numerous concepts, techniques, and experiences are represented in various studies conducted for hot climates; however, in reviewing the literature, it was found that most of this research is limited to the investigation of these benefits at either the building or city scale. Indeed, only six attempts were found that integrated both scales. To assist with design decisions, several studies have concluded there is an urgent need for a multi-level, interdisciplinary assessment framework, but as yet no such framework has been constructed. Following the literature review, in this study, a general framework is proposed which permits current modelling to progress beyond typical protocols, by including data linking a specific urban microclimate at the neighbourhood/city level with that of a building, thus connecting the microclimatic environment with objective assessment of energy efficiency. It is hoped that this framework will promote the development of exclusive cool roof applications for buildings and outdoor urban settings.
Effect of Sand-to-Cement Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Foam Concrete
Authors: Liu Jian , Ge Tiange , Wu Yuedong , Chen Rui
Published: November 2022

Foam concrete, as an important construction and building material, mainly consists of small inner pores (produced by preformed foam) and foam walls (i.e., the concrete surrounding the small inner pores). The effect of density and air volume quantity on compressive strength has been investigated in many previous studies. However, the findings on the relationship between compressive strength and water-to-cement ratio (Rwc) are controversial from different studies. The possible reason may be the effect of sand-to-cement ratio (Rsc), which has not been considered in pervious studies. In this study, a series of compressive tests on foam concrete with various Rwc and Rsc were conducted at a fixed air volume quantity. The results show that when Rwc was 0.5–1.0, the compressive strength increased along Rwc, different from the change of the concrete without foam. The enhance effect from the foam walls was dominant. When Rwc was larger than 1, the slurry was too thin to preserve the bubble for the Rsc of 2. However, for the Rsc of 5, the slurry performed well and its compressive strength remained constant, which was different from the increase stage with Rwc of 0.5–1.0. It was because of the enhanced effect caused by the decrease in the number of small holes, which almost offset the weakening effect for the Rwc on the strength. The enhance effect due to the decrease in the number of small holes can be normalized by the water-to-solid ratio (Rws). Except the results in the constant stage, the compressive strength increased with the increase of Rws, irrelevant to the Rsc. It indicates that the sand and cement had the same function on the decrease in the number of small holes. In order to get the same compressive strength, the cement can be replaced by the sand in the increase stage. The research results are expected to improve the quality control and the engineering efficiency of foam concrete.
Potential of Modular Offsite Construction for Emergency Situations: A New Zealand Study
Authors: Shahzad Wajiha Mohsin , Rajakannu Gowthamraj , Kordestani Ghalenoei Nazanin
Published: November 2022

Natural disasters cause significant adverse social and financial impacts by damaging homes and infrastructure. These disasters also need a quick and immediate solution to post-disaster housing problems, to provide temporary housing services for short-term disaster relief and reconstruction of lost and damaged houses for complete recovery. Reconstruction of new permanent housing for disaster victims is one of the most time-consuming post-disaster activities. However, time is a vital consideration that should be minimized for the reconstruction of houses for affected populations. Modular offsite construction technology has the potential to enhance the post-disaster housing reconstruction process due to its intrinsic characteristics of time-efficiency. This study aimed to assess the potential of the modular offsite construction method as an approach that could promote the design and construction process of post-disaster reconstruction in New Zealand in emergencies. An extensive literature review has been carried out to evaluate the features of the modular construction method, which can add value to the post-disaster recovery phase. To evaluate the suitability and viability of modular offsite construction for post-disaster reconstruction and to find substantial obstacles to its implementation, feedback was collected and evaluated using the multi-attribute methodological approach by performing a national survey of construction industry experts in New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews with New Zealand experts were then followed to confirm and validate the questionnaire findings. The findings indicate that modular offsite construction technology is a viable solution for providing housing in emergencies or during post-disaster reconstruction in New Zealand, with its time-efficiency and ability to overcome the challenges of the current traditional method by its specific advantages. Reduced need for onsite labor, overcoming local labor resource constraints affected by the disaster, and enhanced productivity due to a controlled environment are the advantages of the modular offsite technology, which are discussed in this research.
External Validation of a Risk Model for Severe Complications following Pancreatoduodenectomy Based on Three Preoperative Variables
Authors: Alhulaili Zahraa M. , Pleijhuis Rick G. , Nijkamp Maarten W. , Klaase Joost M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is the only cure for periampullary and pancreatic cancer. It has morbidity rates of 40–60%, with severe complications in 30%. Prediction models to predict complications are crucial. A risk model for severe complications was developed by Schroder et al. based on BMI, ASA classification and Hounsfield Units of the pancreatic body on the preoperative CT scan. These variables were independent predictors for severe complications upon internal validation. Our aim was to externally validate this model using an independent cohort of patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 318 patients who underwent PD at our institution from 2013 to 2021. The outcome of interest was severe complications Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIa. Model calibration, discrimination and performance were assessed. Results: A total of 308 patients were included. Patients with incomplete data were excluded. A total of 89 (28.9%) patients had severe complications. The externally validated model achieved: C-index = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60–0.73), regression coefficient = 0.37, intercept = 0.13, Brier score = 0.25. Conclusions: The performance ability, discriminative power, and calibration of this model were acceptable. Our risk calculator can help surgeons identify high-risk patients for post-operative complications to improve shared decision-making and tailor perioperative management.
Adequate Management of Postoperative Complications after Esophagectomy: A Cornerstone for a Positive Outcome
Authors: Kamaleddine Imad , Hendricks Alexander , Popova Magdalena , Schafmayer Clemens
Published: November 2022

Background: Esophagectomy for cancer is one of the most complex procedures in visceral surgery. Postoperative complications negatively affect the patient’s overall survival. They are not influenced by the histology type (adenocarcinoma (AC)/squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)), or the surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted). Among those dreadful complications are anastomotic leak (AL), esophago-respiratory fistula (ERF), and chylothorax (CT). Methods: In this review, we summarize the methods to avoid these complications, the diagnostic approach, and new therapeutic strategies. Results: In the last 20 years, both centralization of the medical care, and the development of endoscopy and radiology have positively influenced the management of postoperative complications. For the purpose of their prevention, perioperative measures have been applied. The treatment includes conservative, endoscopic, and surgical approaches. Conclusions: Post-esophagectomy complications are common. Prevention measures should be known. Early recognition and adequate treatment of these complications save lives and lead to better outcomes.
Differences in Durability of PARP Inhibition by Clinically Approved PARP Inhibitors: Implications for Combinations and Scheduling
Authors: Smith Hannah L. , Willmore Elaine , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Drew Yvette , Curtin Nicola J.
Published: November 2022

Six PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for cancer therapy as monotherapy agents in daily or twice-daily continuous dosing schedules to maintain the necessary continuous suppression of PARP activity. Continuous PARP inhibition is required for single-agent anticancer activity. To investigate if such intense schedules are necessary, we determined the durability of PARP inhibition up to 72 h after a 1 h pulse of 1 µM of five of the approved PARPi, rucaparib, olaparib, niraparib, talazoparib and pamiparib, in IGROV-1 and ES-2 (human ovarian cancer) cells. Rucaparib caused the most persistent inhibition of PARP activity when maintained at ≥75% at 72 h after drug withdrawal in both IGROV-1 and ES-2 cells, but inhibition was more rapidly lost with the other PARPi. PARPi are also under clinical investigation with ATR inhibitors, and thus, we evaluated the implications for scheduling with an ATR inhibitor (VE-821). Rucaparib enhanced VE-821 cytotoxicity in co-exposure, sequential and delayed (24 h drug-free) schedules in IGROV-1 and ES-2 cells. Olaparib and niraparib enhanced VE-821 cytotoxicity only in co-exposed cells and not in sequential exposures. These data have clinical implications for the scheduling of PARPi as a monotherapy and in combination with ATR inhibitors and other cytotoxic drugs.
Microwave Assisted Esterification of Aryl/Alkyl Acids Catalyzed by N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Božić Bojan , Lađarević Jelena , Petković Miloš , Mijin Dušan , Stavber Stojan
Published: November 2022

The susceptibility of the carbonyl group towards nucleophilic attack affords the construction of various organic compounds. Thus, investigations of carbonyl activation applying greener methodologies are highly important. In the present work, among the investigated N-halo compounds, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSi) has been found as an efficient and selective catalyst in the reaction of direct esterification of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids supported by microwave (MW) irradiation. The comprehensive esterification of different benzoic acids and mono-, di- and tri-carboxy alkyl derivatives was performed, whereby significant reaction time reductions were achieved. The presented method used NFSi as an easily manipulatable, non-metal, water- and air-tolerant catalyst, allowing simple synthetic and isolation procedures and energy saving, compared to conventional methodologies. Importantly, in contrast to esterification under thermal conditions, where N-halo compounds behave as pre-catalysts, in the MW-supported protocol, a distinct reaction mechanism has been proposed that assumes NFSi as a sustainable catalyst. Moreover, a scale-up of the industrially important derivative was performed.
Metabolic Pathway of Phenol Degradation of a Cold-Adapted Antarctic Bacteria, Arthrobacter sp.
Authors: Lee Gillian Li Yin , Zakaria Nur Nadhirah , Futamata Hiroyuki , Suzuki Kenshi , Zulkharnain Azham , Shaharuddin Noor Azmi , Convey Peter , Zahri Khadijah Nabilah Mohd , Ahmad Siti Aqlima
Published: November 2022

Phenol is an important pollutant widely discharged as a component of hydrocarbon fuels, but its degradation in cold regions is challenging due to the harsh environmental conditions. To date, there is little information available concerning the capability for phenol biodegradation by indigenous Antarctic bacteria. In this study, enzyme activities and genes encoding phenol degradative enzymes identified using whole genome sequencing (WGS) were investigated to determine the pathway(s) of phenol degradation of Arthrobacter sp. strains AQ5-05 and AQ5-06, originally isolated from Antarctica. Complete phenol degradative genes involved only in the ortho-cleavage were detected in both strains. This was validated using assays of the enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, which indicated the activity of only catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in both strains, in agreement with the results from the WGS. Both strains were psychrotolerant with the optimum temperature for phenol degradation, being between 10 and 15 °C. This study suggests the potential use of cold-adapted bacteria in the bioremediation of phenol pollution in cold environments.
Enhanced Catalytic Performance and Sulfur Dioxide Resistance of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Promoted MnO2 Nanorods-Supported Pt Nanoparticles for Benzene Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Dan , Ye Qing , Dong Ning , Wang Wenjin , Xiao Yang , Dai Hongxing
Published: November 2022

The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-promoted α-MnO2 nanorods-supported Pt (xPt-yrGO/α-MnO2, x = 0.93 wt%, y = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt%) nanocatalysts were prepared using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-protected reduction method. After an appropriate loading of Pt on α-MnO2, the strong metal–support interaction between Pt and α-MnO2 was beneficial for an increase in catalytic activity. The simultaneous addition of rGO to α-MnO2 not only provided a more amount of benzene adsorption sites, but also acted as an electron transfer channel to accelerate charge migration, thus further improving catalytic activity of α-MnO2. Among all of the catalyst samples, 0.94Pt-1.0rGO/α-MnO2 showed the best catalytic performance with 90% benzene conversion at 160 °C and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 60,000 mL/(g h), which was better than that over the other Pt-based catalysts. The results of in situ DRIFTS characterization revealed that phenol, benzoquinone, and carboxylate species were the intermediates and eventually oxidized to CO2 and H2O. When sulfur dioxide was present, catalytic activity of α-MnO2 decreased due to the formation of manganese sulfate that blocked the active sites, while the loading of Pt and rGO hindered the chemisorption of SO2 and prevented the active sites of the catalyst from being poisoned by SO2, thus enhancing sulfur resistance of the catalyst. The 0.94Pt-1.0rGO/α-MnO2 catalyst presented in this work can be considered as a cost-effective and promising catalyst for the oxidative removal of volatile organic compounds.
Overexpression of RCAN1, a Gene on Human Chromosome 21, Alters Cell Redox and Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Cells
Authors: Li Yi , Costiniti Veronica , Souza Bomfim Guilherme H. , Neginskaya Maria , Son Ga-Yeon , Rothermel Beverly , Pavlov Evgeny , Lacruz Rodrigo S.
Published: November 2022

The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS show dental abnormalities for unknown reasons, and RCAN1 levels have been found to be elevated in several tissues of DS patients. A previous microarray analysis comparing cells of the two main formative stages of dental enamel, secretory and maturation, showed a significant increase in RCAN1 expression in the latter. Because the function of RCAN1 during enamel formation is unknown, there is no mechanistic evidence linking RCAN1 with the dental anomalies in individuals with DS. We investigated the role of RCAN1 in enamel by overexpressing RCAN1 in the ameloblast cell line LS8 (LS8+RCAN1). We first confirmed that RCAN1 is highly expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts by qRT-PCR and used immunofluorescence to show its localization in enamel-forming ameloblasts. We then analyzed cell redox and mitochondrial bioenergetics in LS8+RCAN1 cells because RCAN1 is known to impact these processes. We show that LS8+RCAN1 cells have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics without changes in the expression of the complexes of the electron transport chain, or in NADH levels. However, LS8+RCAN1 cells showed elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased expression of several enamel genes essential for enamel formation. These results provide insight into the role of RCAN1 in enamel and suggest that increased RCAN1 levels in the ameloblasts of individuals with DS may impact enamel formation by altering both the redox environment and mitochondrial function, as well as decreasing the expression of enamel-specific genes.
Cortical Pathology in Vanishing White Matter
Authors: Man Jodie H. K. , van Gelder Charlotte A. G. H. , Breur Marjolein , Okkes Daniel , Molenaar Douwe , van der Sluis Sophie , Abbink Truus , Altelaar Maarten , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Bugiani Marianna
Published: November 2022

Vanishing white matter (VWM) is classified as a leukodystrophy with astrocytes as primary drivers in its pathogenesis. Magnetic resonance imaging has documented the progressive thinning of cortices in long-surviving patients. Routine histopathological analyses, however, have not yet pointed to cortical involvement in VWM. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the VWM cortex. We employed high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and immunohistochemistry to gain insight into possible molecular disease mechanisms in the cortices of VWM patients. The proteome analysis revealed 268 differentially expressed proteins in the VWM cortices compared to the controls. A majority of these proteins formed a major protein interaction network. A subsequent gene ontology analysis identified enrichment for terms such as cellular metabolism, particularly mitochondrial activity. Importantly, some of the proteins with the most prominent changes in expression were found in astrocytes, indicating cortical astrocytic involvement. Indeed, we confirmed that VWM cortical astrocytes exhibit morphological changes and are less complex in structure than control cells. Our findings also suggest that these astrocytes are immature and not reactive. Taken together, we provide insights into cortical involvement in VWM, which has to be taken into account when developing therapeutic strategies.
A Novel TP53 Gene Mutation Sustains Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer through Mitophagy
Authors: Wang Yuanli , Goh Kah Yong , Chen Zhencheng , Lee Wen Xing , Choy Sze Mun , Fong Jia Xin , Wong Yun Ka , Li Dongxia , Hu Fangrong , Tang Hong-Wen
Published: November 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In particular, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the majority of the lung cancer population. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have significantly contributed to revealing the roles, functions and mechanisms of gene mutations. However, the driver mutations that cause cancers and their pathologies remain to be explored. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on tumor tissues isolated from 314 Chinese NSCLC patients and established the mutational landscape in NSCLC. Among 656 mutations, we identified TP53-p.Glu358Val as a driver mutation in lung cancer and found that it activates mitophagy to sustain cancer cell growth. In support of this finding, mice subcutaneously implanted with NSCLC cells expressing TP53-p.Glu358Val developed larger tumors compared to wild-type cells. The pharmaceutical inhibition of autophagy/mitophagy selectively suppresses the cell proliferation of TP53-null or TP53-p.Glu358Val-expressing lung cancer cells. Together, our study characterizes a new TP53 mutation identified from Chinese lung cancer patients and uncovers its roles in regulating mitophagy, providing a new insight into NSCLC treatment.
Abrocitinib Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury via Inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Li Tuo , Li Lei , Peng Ruilong , Hao Hongying , Zhang Hejun , Gao Yalong , Wang Cong , Li Fanjian , Liu Xilei , Chen Fanglian , Zhang Shu , Zhang Jianning
Published: November 2022

Background and Purpose: Neuroinflammation has been shown to play a critical role in secondary craniocerebral injury, leading to poor outcomes for TBI patients. Abrocitinib, a Janus kinase1 (JAK1) selective inhibitor approved to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), possesses a novel anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated whether abrocitinib could ameliorate neuroinflammation and exert a neuroprotective effect in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. Methods: First, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to select genes closely related to neuroinflammation after TBI. Then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to dynamically observe the changes in traumatic focus on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the induction of fluid percussion injury (FPI). Moreover, abrocitinib’s effects on neurobehaviors were evaluated. A routine peripheral blood test was carried out and Evans blue dye extravasation, cerebral cortical blood flow, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the numbers of inflammatory cells were evaluated to investigate the function of abrocitinib on the 1st day post-injury. Furthermore, the JAK1/signal transducer and activator of transcription1 (STAT1)/nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) pathway was assessed. Results: In vivo, abrocitinib treatment was found to shrink the trauma lesions. Compared to the TBI group, the abrocitinib treatment group showed better neurological function, less blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, improved intracranial blood flow, relieved inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, abrocitinib treatment was shown to reduce the pro-inflammatory M1 microglia phenotype and shift microglial polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The WB and IHC results showed that abrocitinib played a neuroprotective role by restraining JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB levels after TBI. Conclusions: Collectively, abrocitinib treatment after TBI is accompanied by improvements in neurological function consistent with radiological, histopathological, and biochemical changes. Therefore, abrocitinib can indeed reduce excessive neuroinflammation by restraining the JAK1/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.
Macrophages and Wnts in Tissue Injury and Repair
Authors: Park Min Hee , Lee Eun D. , Chae Wook-Jin
Published: November 2022

Macrophages are important players in the immune system that sense various tissue challenges and trigger inflammation. Tissue injuries are followed by inflammation, which is tightly coordinated with tissue repair processes. Dysregulation of these processes leads to chronic inflammation or tissue fibrosis. Wnt ligands are present both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. However, their roles and mechanisms regulating inflammation and tissue repair are being investigated. Here we aim to provide an overview of overarching themes regarding Wnt and macrophages by reviewing the previous literature. We aim to gain future insights into how tissue inflammation, repair, regeneration, and fibrosis events are regulated by macrophages.
A Brief Review of Photocatalytic Reactors Used for Persistent Pesticides Degradation
Authors: Isopencu Gabriela Olimpia , Mocanu Alexandra , Deleanu Iuliana-Mihaela
Published: November 2022

Pesticide pollution is a major issue, given their intensive use in the 20th century, which led to their accumulation in the environment. At the international level, strict regulations are imposed on the use of pesticides, simultaneously with the increasing interest of researchers from all over the world to find methods of neutralizing them. Photocatalytic degradation is an intensively studied method to be applied for the degradation of pesticides, especially through the use of solar energy. The mechanisms of photocatalysis are studied and implemented in pilot and semi-pilot installations on experimental platforms, in order to be able to make this method more efficient and to identify the equipment that can achieve the photodegradation of pesticides with the highest possible yields. This paper proposes a brief review of the impact of pesticides on the environment and some techniques for their degradation, with the main emphasis on different photoreactor configurations, using slurry or immobilized photocatalysts. This review highlights the efforts of researchers to harmonize the main elements of photocatalysis: choice of the photocatalyst, and the way of photocatalyst integration within photoreaction configuration, in order to make the transfer of momentum, mass, and energy as efficient as possible for optimal excitation of the photocatalyst.
Rational Design of Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Zn2+ Imaging under Oxidative Stress in Cells
Authors: Li Yaheng , Yao Shankun , Fang Hongbao , He Weijiang , Chen Yuncong , Guo Zijian
Published: November 2022

Zn2+ is a vital ion for most of the physiological processes in the human body, and it usually has a mutual effect with oxidative stress that often occurs in pathological tissues. Detecting fluctuation of Zn2+ level in cells undergoing oxidative stress could be beneficial to understanding the relationship between them. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent Zn2+ probe was rationally designed. The wavelength corresponding to the maximum fluorescence intensity bathometrically shifted from 620 nm to 650 nm after coordinating with Zn2+. The intensity ratio of two fluorescence channels changed significantly in cells treated by oxidative stress inducers. It was shown from the results that the labile zinc level was generally elevated under oxidative stress stimulated by various inducers.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the NAC Gene Family in Kandelia obovata, a Typical Mangrove Plant
Authors: Sun Man-Man , Liu Xiu , Huang Xiao-Juan , Yang Jing-Jun , Qin Pei-Ting , Zhou Hao , Jiang Ming-Guo , Liao Hong-Ze
Published: November 2022

The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) gene family, one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, acts as positive or negative regulators in plant response and adaption to various environmental stresses, including cold stress. Multiple reports on the functional characterization of NAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants are available. However, the function of the NAC genes in the typical woody mangrove (Kandelia obovata) remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive analysis of NAC genes in K. obovata was performed with a pluri-disciplinary approach including bioinformatic and molecular analyses. We retrieved a contracted NAC family with 68 genes from the K. obovata genome, which were unevenly distributed in the chromosomes and classified into ten classes. These KoNAC genes were differentially and preferentially expressed in different organs, among which, twelve up-regulated and one down-regulated KoNAC genes were identified. Several stress-related cis-regulatory elements, such as LTR (low-temperature response), STRE (stress response element), ABRE (abscisic acid response element), and WUN (wound-responsive element), were identified in the promoter regions of these 13 KoNAC genes. The expression patterns of five selected KoNAC genes (KoNAC6, KoNAC15, KoNAC20, KoNAC38, and KoNAC51) were confirmed by qRT-PCR under cold treatment. These results strongly implied the putative important roles of KoNAC genes in response to chilling and other stresses. Collectively, our findings provide valuable information for further investigations on the function of KoNAC genes.
Research on the Properties of a New Type of Polyurethane Concrete for Steel Bridge Deck in Seasonally Frozen Areas
Authors: Li Li , Yu Tianlai , Wu Yuxuan , Wang Yifan , Guo Chunming , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

To widen the application scenarios of polyurethane concrete materials, a new type of polyurethane concrete material for steel bridge deck pavement in seasonally frozen areas was developed, and it was applied to the deck pavement engineering of steel bridges with orthotropic slabs. In this paper, we studied the properties of new polyurethane concrete through the tests of compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and bond strength with steel plates of polyurethane concrete at different temperatures from −40 °C to 60 °C, totaling 11 temperature levels. We analyzed the elastic modulus, peak strain, and stress–strain relationship curve at the standard temperature. Then, we also conducted SEM test and IR test for the internal destruction form of polyurethane concrete, and analyzed the mechanism of its strength formation. The results show that with increasing temperature, the linear elastic range of polyurethane concrete material is shortened, the elastic modulus, compressive strength, and flexural tensile strength of the material all show a downward trend, and the peak strain and ultimate strain increase significantly. The failure state of the material is gradually transformed from brittle fracture at low temperature to plastic failure at high temperature, and the ductility of the material is significantly improved. Comparing with ones at the standard temperature, the compressive strength at 60 °C is 49.62 MPa downward by 45% and the bending tensile strength of the prism test at 60 °C is 12.34 MPa downward by 51%. Although the stress performance decreases significantly with the change of temperature, it can still meet the strength requirements of the bridge deck pavement for the pavement material. At present, the relevant research is mainly focused on the mechanical properties of new concrete under the influence of high temperature, but research on the mechanical properties of new concrete along with the temperature change is relatively limited. The proposed flexural–tensile constitutive model of polyurethane concrete for steel bridge deck pavement in seasonal freezing areas under the influence of temperature is in good agreement with the experimental results, which can provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyurethane concrete in engineering.
Chromium Luminescence in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Aluminum Surface
Authors: Zolotarjovs Aleksejs , Piksens Rudolfs , Smits Krisjanis , Vitola Virginija , Tunens Gatis , Einbergs Ernests , Zarins Arturs , Kizane Gunta
Published: November 2022

With plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), one can easily obtain thick (tens of microns), mechanically resilient and chemically stable oxide coating on aluminum and other valve metal alloys. The study of luminescent PEO coatings is a relatively new subfield of the already well-established coating preparation methods. In recent years, many new luminescence-based approaches have been developed, one of which is the detection of ionizing radiation of carbon-doped PEO alumina coating. This study presents an improved approach by doping the alumina coating with chromium using citric acid as an additive in the electrolyte. Trivalent chromium ions replacing aluminum in the crystalline lattice of the coating exhibit characteristic sharp lines in the luminescence spectrum. The effectiveness of different DC voltages, process times and citric acid concentrations in electrolyte were examined. The use of citric acid in the electrolyte also provides the conditions required for the formation of an energy trap in the bandgap of the material, thus opening up the possibility for the coating to be used as an ionizing radiation detector by measuring its thermoluminescence. Chromium atoms are incorporated in the coating from the Al6082 aluminum alloy itself and are not added in the electrolyte, therefore making the process much more reliable, repeatable, and environmentally friendly.
Enhancement in the Electrochemical Performance of Strontium (Sr)-Doped LaMnO3 as Supercapacitor Materials
Authors: Ye Xin , Dong Songtao , Jin Xiaoyun , Wei Junlin , Wang Lei , Zhang Yamei
Published: November 2022

In this study, Strontium (Sr)-doped perovskite lanthanum manganite (La1−xSrxMnO3) nanoparticles were prepared by the sol–gel method and used as electrode materials of supercapacitors. Microstructures, morphologies, and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycling. Investigations demonstrated that the La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 nanoparticles had a maximum specific capacitance of 185.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and a low charge transfer resistance (0.38 Ω) in 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solutions. La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 electrode yields the highest capacitance behavior because of the larger specific surface area, lower charge transfer resistance, and higher concentration of oxygen vacancy. This result demonstrates that Sr doping significantly improved the electrochemical properties of the LaMnO3 system. The anion-intercalation mechanism was examined by a charge–discharge process. This provides a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
Fermi-Liquid Nonadiabatic Highly Compressed Cesium Iodide Superconductor
Authors: Talantsev Evgueni F.
Published: November 2022

The experimental discovery that compressed sulfur hydride exhibits superconducting transition temperature of Tc=203 K by Drozdov et al. (Nature 2015, 525, 73–76) sparked studies of compressed hydrides. This discovery was not a straightforward experimental examination of a theoretically predicted phase, but instead it was a nearly five-decade-long experimental quest for superconductivity in highly compressed matters, varying from pure elements (hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur), hydrides (SiH4, AlH3) to semiconductors and ionic salts. One of these salts was cesium iodide, CsI, which exhibits the transition temperature of Tc≅1.5 K at P=206 GPa (Eremets et al., Science 1998, 281, 1333–1335). Detailed first principles calculations (Xu et al., Phys Rev B 2009, 79, 144110) showed that CsI should exhibit Tc~0.03 K (P=180 GPa). In an attempt to understand the nature of this discrepancy between the theory and the experiment, we analyzed the temperature-dependent resistance in compressed CsI and found that this compound is a perfect Fermi liquid metal which exhibits an extremely high ratio of Debye energy to Fermi energy, ℏωDkBTF≅17. This implies that direct use of the Migdal–Eliashberg theory of superconductivity to calculate the transition temperature in CsI is incorrect, because the theory is valid for ℏωDkBTF≪1. We also showed that CsI falls into the unconventional superconductors band in the Uemura plot.
Caregiver and Youth Mental Health during COVID-19: Risk and Resilience Factors in a Large National Sample in Peru
Authors: Caballero-Peralta July , Antiporta Daniel A. , Cutipé Yuri , Vargas-Machuca Rocío , Rojas Carlos , Cortez-Vergara Carla , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M. , Benheim Talia S. , Dutta Anamika , Holcomb Juliana M. , Peña Felipe , Jellinek Michael , Murphy J. Michael
Published: November 2022

The present study examined the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial impairment in a large, national sample of Peruvian children and adolescents (ages 5.0–17.9) during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2020. A sample of 8263 online questionnaires were completed by caregivers in Peru between 23 October–26 November 2020. In addition to sociodemographic and pandemic-related factors, the survey administered the Peruvian Spanish version of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17) to assess child psychosocial risk. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Kessler-6 (K-6), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS-6) assessed caregiver depression, psychological distress, and resilience, respectively. In this case, 33% of the children were at overall risk on the PSC-17. In adjusted models, caregiver distress, depression, and low resilience, as well as having a family member with a health risk factor were the strongest predictors of child psychosocial risk, accounting for nearly 1.2 to 2.1 times the likelihood of risk individually and 2.4 to 3.4 times the likelihood of risk when summed. Due to the opt-in sampling method, the obtained sample was likely skewed toward more advantaged families, suggesting that the study’s high prevalence of PSC-17 positivity might have been even higher in a more economically representative sample. Given the prevalence of psychosocial problems in Peruvian youth during COVID-19, preventive interventions, with a special focus on family-level approaches that involve and support parents as well as children, are clearly warranted.