bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una experiencia de medición de la carga de trabajo percibida por los estudiantes para facilitar la coordinación horizontal
Authors: García Martín A. , García-León J.
Published: June 2017

El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y ensayar un procedimiento sistemático de medición de la carga de trabajo, orientado a detectar y corregir valores anómalos de esta. La carga de trabajo es uno de los aspectos del contexto académico que más afectan al comportamiento académico del estudiante universitario. Un exceso o una inadecuada distribución de la carga en una o varias asignaturas puede repercutir en las restantes, dificultar la organización de las actividades docentes y de evaluación y potenciar que los estudiantes adoptan enfoques superficiales de aprendizaje. Hemos realizado una prueba piloto para ensayar y comparar dos procedimientos distintos: un cuestionario semanal que evalúa la carga real en horas de cada actividad docente y una encuesta puntual que cuantifica la carga percibida por el estudiante en cada asignatura y en la que pueden incluirse también comentarios sobre la carga de trabajo. En ambos casos la información solicitada es únicamente sobre la carga no presencial. El análisis y la comparación de los datos obtenidos de la prueba piloto ha permitido contrastar y matizar nuestra idea inicial, además de confirmar las conclusiones de algunos estudios anteriores. Tras considerar la viabilidad de ambos procedimientos, nuestra Universidad decidió aplicar la encuesta puntual de carga percibida. En este trabajo describimos la prueba piloto realizada y presentamos los resultados de las primeras campañas de medición sistemática realizadas.
La gestión de incidentes críticos en la universidad
Authors: Cantón Mayo I.
Published: June 2017

Es una mirad a los problemas universitarios desde una perspectiva aplicada, plural y bien fundamentada. Desde el primer día de clase a la jubilación se presenta una perspectiva diacrónica del devenir universitario con sus incidentes o problemas que intervienen y cambian la vida de las personas.
Condiciones de trabajo, estrés laboral, dependencia universitaria y bienestar psicológico en docentes universitarios
Authors: Millán A. , Calvanese N. , D'Aubeterre M. E.
Published: June 2017

En la presente investigación se planteó identificar el efecto de la dependencia universitaria (oficial o privada), sobre la percepción de las fuentes de estrés laboral, la valoración de las condiciones de trabajo y el bienestar psicológico, a través de la comparación del grado de ajuste de dos modelos diferenciados de acuerdo al orden de la influencia causal de las variables mediadoras. Para ello se aplicó la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (Sánchez-Cánovas, 2007), el Cuestionario de Condiciones de Trabajo (Blanch et al., 2010) y el Inventario de Percepción de Estresores en Docentes Universitarios (Álvarez et al., 2011), a 903 docentes adscritos a 32 instituciones universitarias en Venezuela. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de ruta que arrojó 42 relaciones causales significativas sobre el bienestar psicológico, donde se evidenció que trabajar en una universidad oficial, aumenta la percepción estrés laboral proveniente de aspectos económicos, lo materiales y lo políticos, quienes a su vez impactan en la evaluación negativa de ciertas condiciones de trabajo y con ello impactando negativamente sobre el bienestar psicológico. Se destaca también en los resultados obtenidos que la preocupación de los docentes por el nivel académico de los estudiantes, amortigua el impacto negativo sobre el bienestar. El aporte fundamental de este trabajo fue esclarecer el efecto que tienen como factores de riesgo para el bienestar psicológico de los docentes universitarios algunas variables propias de la organización universitaria, lo cual podría ayudar a diseñar o priorizar estrategias de intervención específicas para cada dependencia.
Diseño de un programa de formación sobre Materiales de Construcción para los futuros ingenieros de edificación en el EEES
Authors: Garrido Hernández A. , Sánchez Blanco G.
Published: June 2017

La finalidad del trabajo es doble, por un lado, fundamentar y ofrecer una estrategia general para el diseño de las asignaturas en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) que entendemos contempla las principales preocupaciones y prácticas habituales de los profesores universitarios y da respuesta a las exigencias del proceso de planificación coherente con un enfoque basado en competencias. Para ello, se propone buscar relaciones explícitas de las competencias con diferentes tipologías del conocimiento disciplinar, al ser la principal referencia del profesor universitario en el proceso de planificación, y adoptar una estrategia de cambio progresivo en la práctica docente a través de sucesivos niveles de concreción: el modelo didáctico, las secuencias de enseñanza y las actividades de enseñanza. Por otro lado, mostrar la aplicación de dicha estrategia al caso de una asignatura, Materiales de Construcción, del título de grado de Ingeniero de Edificación que habilita para una profesión regulada por ley en nuestro país. A partir de las competencias asumidas por la asignatura, se describen las diferentes tareas realizadas para completar el programa de formación, incluyendo el sistema de evaluación; cabe destacar el uso de distintas taxonomías para relacionar contenidos y objetivos, de un heurístico para ordenar los conceptos que estructuran el conocimiento disciplinar, de una secuencia de enseñanza original que permite armonizar las actividades más convencionales con las más novedosas y de los criterios y procedimientos de evaluación para garantizar, en un nivel suficiente, el logro de todas las competencias asumidas.
El portafolio como metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje y evaluación en el practicum: percepciones de los estudiantes
Authors: García-Carpintero. E.
Published: June 2017

Introducción: La introducción de herramientas de aprendizaje y evaluación continuada durante el practicum es necesario para convertir a los estudiantes en protagonistas principales de su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, de forma reflexiva y crítica, estableciendo un sistema de retroalimentación dirigido por el profesor. Una de las posibles estrategias que se están utilizando es el portafolio. Consiste en la aportación de producciones por parte del estudiante a través de las cuáles se puede determinar la adquisición de competencias y habilidades. En el presente estudio se plantea utilizar el portafolio como un sistema de seguimiento y evaluación del aprendizaje de las prácticas para evidenciar las competencias consolidadas y el análisis de las áreas de mejora, a través de un aprendizaje critico- reflexivo. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la utilidad de los portafolios durante sus prácticas. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, recogida y análisis deductivo-inductivo de los datos recogidos en los portafolios y los cuestionarios de los estudiantes de enfermería de 4º curso, que realizaron prácticas durante curso 2103-2014. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudiantes han referido una mejora en el aprovechamiento de sus prácticas gracias a la realización del portafolio. Identificaron sus necesidades de aprendizaje, sus áreas de mejora y dificultades. Conclusiones: el portafolio es una herramienta que facilita la reflexión y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes durante el practicum. Lo Conciben como un recurso valioso que ha facilitado su proceso reflexivo, de autoevaluación generando formas de autocrítica y análisis sobre su práctica; con la posibilidad de realizar cambios para mejorarla.
Creation of Didactic Materials for Dissertation in Supply Chain Management
Authors: De Burgos-Jiménez Jerónimo , Jiménez-Guerrero José Felipe , Tarifa-Fernández Jorge
Published: June 2017

This work pretends to show the creation of a set of tools that facilitate the practical approaching in the development of graduate work (GW) in areas related to supply chain and operations management. Particularly, it is proposed the creation of four main tools:  a protocol of action for the development of GW, schedule for preparation and following-up, a guide of the content to be developed to obtain, and a digital platform as a support. Students that have made use of these tools have shown their satisfaction and the usefulness to develop their GW. 
A new way to learn. The use of an app (BLUNDER) to manage knowledge with higher education students
Authors: López-Sánchez José Ignacio , Fossas-Olalla Marta , Rodríguez-Duarte Antonio , Sandulli Francesco D.
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to show how an app can be a very useful tool to improve learning through knowledge management among students and professors. We will show the results of the survey to students from four Spanish universities on the use of the app. The results show that for the students the app is useful to review; to bring the subject up to date; to remember; to learn; to know and understand.
The Service-Learning methodology applied to Operations Management: From the Operations Plan to business start up.
Authors: García-Ramos Constantino , Martínez-Campillo Almudena
Published: June 2017

A teaching innovation methodology characterized for being a link between the students´ learning process and the University Social Responsibility is the "Service-Learning" (SL). Recently, it is been emphasized that teachers in the field of Business Management should use teaching methods that promote civic values and social commitment. In this line, the SL complements the economic-financial education that students receive, allowing them to develop important professional and personal skills as well as to receive training according to socially responsible principles, since they learn by working in community service initiatives.

Our SL experience consisted in combining the teaching innovation in five subjects taught at the University of León (Spain) –where one of them is from the field of Operations Management– with the provision of a free support service for rural women's entrepreneurship. In the current unemployment situation, a possible alternative is the creation of an own company. However, female entrepreneurs have to develop their business idea and to demonstrate its viability, which poses them serious difficulties due to lack of training, experience or even advice on the matter. After detecting this social need, our experience consisted in organizing multidisciplinary groups of students to guide female entrepreneurs in rural areas during the whole entrepreneurship process.

After developing this activity of teaching innovation, we can conclude that the SL is a good methodology to improve the academic, personal and social development of students, suggesting that it is possible to join their academic success with the social commitment of the University.
Opposite long-term trends in aerosols between low and high altitudes: a testimony to the aerosol–PBL feedback
Authors: Dong Zipeng , Li Zhanqing , Yu Xing , Cribb Maureen , Li Xingmin , Dai Jin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Interactions between absorbing aerosols and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) play an important role in affecting air pollution near the surface. In this study, a unique feature of the aerosol–PBL interaction is identified that has important implications in monitoring and combating air pollution. Opposite trends in aerosol loading between the lower and upper PBL are shown on a wide range of timescales and data acquired by various platforms: from a short-term field experiment to decadal satellite observations and multidecadal ground observations in China. A novel method is proposed to obtain the vertical profiles of aerosol loading from passive sensors by virtue of varying elevations. The analyses of visibility, aerosol optical depth, and extinction with different temporal scales exhibit the similar trend, i.e., increasing in the lower atmosphere but decreasing in the upper atmosphere. Integration of the reversal aerosol trend below and above the PBL resulted in a much less change in the column-integrated quantities. The surface cooling effect, together with the change in the heating rate induced by the absorbing aerosol, unevenly modifies the atmospheric temperature profile, causing a more stable atmosphere inside the PBL but a destabilized atmosphere above the PBL. Such a change in the atmospheric stability favors the accumulation of pollutants near the surface and the vertical diffusion of aerosol particles in the upper atmosphere, both of which are consistent with the observed reversal aerosol trends. These findings have multiple implications in understanding and combating air pollution, especially in many developing countries with high emissions of light-absorbing aerosols.
Phytoplankton growth responses to Asian dust additions in the Northwest Pacific Ocean versus the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong , Shi Zongbo , Shi Jinhui , Yu Yang , Meng Ling , Guo Xinyu
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this study, five on-board microcosm experiments were performed in the subtropical gyre, Kuroshio Extension region of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) and the Yellow Sea (YS), in order to investigate phytoplankton growth following the addition of artificially modified mineral dust (AM-dust) and various nutrients (nitrogen – N, phosphorus – P, iron – Fe, N + P, and N + P + Fe). The two experiments carried out with AM-dust addition in the subtropical gyre showed a maximum chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration increase of 1.7- and 2.8-fold, while the cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton (> 5 μm) showed a 1.8- and 3.9-fold increase, respectively, relative to the controls. However, in the Kuroshio Extension region and the YS, the increases in maximum Chl a and cell abundance of large-sized phytoplankton following AM-dust addition were at most 1.3-fold and 1.7-fold larger than those in the controls, respectively. A net conversion efficiency index (NCEI) newly proposed in this study, size-fractionated Chl a, and the abundance of large-sized phytoplankton were analysed to determine which nutrients contribute to support phytoplankton growth. Our results demonstrate that a combination of nutrients, NP or NPFe as well as other micro-constituents, are responsible for phytoplankton growth in the subtropical gyre following AM-dust addition. Single nutrient addition, i.e., N in the Kuroshio Extension region and P/N in the YS, controls the phytoplankton growth following AM-dust addition. In the AM-dust-addition experiments, wherein the increased NP or P were identified to determine phytoplankton growth, the dissolved inorganic P from AM-dust (8.6 nmol L−1) was much lower than the theoretically estimated minimum P demand (~ 20 nmol L−1) for phytoplankton growth. These observations suggest that additional supply augments the bioavailable P stock in incubated seawater with AM-dust addition, most likely due to an enhanced solubility of P from AM-dust or re-mineralization of the dissolved organic P.
Audit Firm Size, Audit Fee, Audit Reputation and Audit Quality: The Case of Listed Companies in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Ngoc Kim , Duong Hung Nguyen , Pham Tin Quang , Ho Nga Thi Thuy
Published: June 2017

Audit quality is considered as an essential factor affecting the reliability of financial information. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of audit firm characteristics, including audit reputation, audit fees and audit firm size, on audit quality. A sample of 192 companies listed on Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange for the period of 2006-2014 was selected. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. The findings show that Big 4 auditors in Vietnam provide high audit quality than non-Big 4 auditors. Interestingly, in Vietnam context, except for the audit firms in the Big 4 group, the findings suggest that smaller audit firms provide better audit quality. Additionally, the results reveal that the more audit fees the auditors receive, the lower audit quality they provide. The critical role of audit quality has attracted significantly scholarly attention, however, prior studies have mainly focused on firms in developed countries. Little is known about audit quality in an emerging economy context such as Vietnam. This study adds to the limited number of studies on audit quality of listed companies in emerging economies.
Visual acuity and image quality in 5 diffractive intraocular lenses
Authors: Cardona Genís , Vega Fidel , Gil Miguel A. , Varón Consuelo , Buil José A. , Millán María S.
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To compare objective image quality at distant, intermediate, and near foci with the corresponding visual acuity (VA) in patients symmetrically implanted with 5 different diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) (ReSTOR SV25T0, Tecnis ZKB00, Tecnis ZLB00, AT LISA 809, and AT LISA Tri 839MP) and a monofocal lens (Tecnis ZA9003) 3 months after cataract intervention.

Methods:

Objective image quality, measured as the area under the modulation transfer function curve (AMTF), was tested in vitro in an eye model. In addition, corrected distance visual acuity and distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuities (DCIVA and DCNVA) were assessed in a group of 79 patients, randomly implanted with one of the lenses.

Results:

Image quality and VA at the distant focus was good for all lens designs, but was similarly compromised at the intermediate focus, where the best DCIVA corresponded to the low add ZKB00. At the near focus, the monofocal lens and the distance dominant SV25T0 had the worst AMTF values, with the ZLB00 presenting the best DCNVA. The relationship between AMTF and VA was found not to be linear, with VA being similarly good for AMTF values over a certain threshold.

Conclusions:

Visual acuity of pseudophakic patients reflected the optical quality of the specific IOL design within a certain range of measurements, beyond which maximum VA is limited by other ocular, optical, and neuropsychophysical factors.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Vitamin D Metabolism Genes and Serum Level of Vitamin D in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vidigal Veronica Marques , Aguiar Pedro Nazareth , Silva Tiago Donizetti , de Oliveira Juliana , Pimenta Célia Aparecida Marques , Felipe Aledson Vitor , Forones Nora Manoukian
Published: June 2017

Background

The metabolism of vitamin D is complex, its receptor (VDR) and proteins encoded by the genes CYP27B2 and CYP24A1 can influence vitamin D serum levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphisms of VDR (ApaI and BsmI), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 with serum vitamin D levels in both forms, 25(OH)D3 (circulating form) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (active form), in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two CRC patients and 321 controls were included. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Polymorphisms of BsmI and ApaI were identified by PCR-RFLP. Those of CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552 and rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) were determined by gene sequencing.

Results

The median serum levels of circulating vitamin D were not different between CRC patients and controls; however, the percentage of those with deficient vitamin D was higher in patients with cancer. The active form of the vitamin D was higher in CRC patients. VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 polymorphic genotypes had no influence on serum levels of circulating vitamin D. The correlation between circulating and active vitamin D forms was lower among patients with CRC, regardless of the presence or absence of any genetic polymorphism. The mean serum levels of active vitamin D were higher among patients with polymorphic genotype variants of Apa1 or Bsm1.

Conclusions

CRC patients had a higher frequence of insufficient vitamin D and a higher concentration of active vitamin D. These concentration were higher between patients with polymorphic genotypes variants of ApaI and BsmI, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1. Polymorphic genotypes cause a lower correlation between the forms of vitamin D.
Diagnosis of Tailgut Cyst in Gynecologic Patients: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Schwarzman Polina , Mastrolia Salvatore Andrea , Sciaky-Tamir Yael , Baron Joel , Sheizaf Boaz , Trojano Giuseppe , Hershkovitz Reli
Published: June 2017

Tailgut cysts, also called retrorectal cystic hamartomas, are rare findings that usually occur in the retrorectal space. The incidence is estimated to be about 1 in 40,000.

The aim of our review is to evaluate the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of this rare pathologic condition, according to diagnostic procedures for this rare but misleading and subtle entity.

We conducted a Medline literature review of the English literature discussing tailgut cysts in female patients. We concentrated on imaging technology used for diagnosis in gynecologic patients. For our search, we used the key words “tailgut cyst”, “retrorectal cystic hamartoma”, “gynecology”, focusing on clinical presentation, imaging technology used for diagnosis, presence of malignancy, and misdiagnosis with more common gynecologic pathology.

Our search revealed 143 articles during the years 1975–2016 and, of these, 30 articles describing 91 female patients were considered.

We concluded that tailgut cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of pelvic lesions in gynecologic patients.
Clinical predictors of recurrent stenosis and need for re-intervention in the cephalic arch in patients with brachiocephalic AV fistulas
Authors: Balamuthusamy Saravanan , Reddi Alagarsamy Lakku , Madhrira Machaiah H. , Sankarapandian Balamurugan , Nguyen Peter , Vallurupalli Avinash , Gabbard William , Jalandhara Nishant , Yurvati Albert
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Cephalic arch stenosis is one of the most common reasons for repeated endovascular intervention and eventual abandonment of access in hemodialysis patients. There is no prediction model to identify risk factors for recurrent cephalic arch stenosis. We have developed a mathematical model to predict the need for reintervention in brachiocephalic (BC) fistulas with recurrent cephalic arch stenosis.

Methods

Single-center retrospective analysis of 143 patients with a BC fistula referred to the vascular clinic for access dysfunction who underwent cephalic arch angioplasty were included for the analysis. Twelve-month post-index angioplasty data were analyzed using parametric, non-parametric and multiple regression models using SPSS software.

Results

The mean need for re-intervention in 1 year since first index visit was 2.46 ± 1.404. Statistically significant correlation (p≤0.001) for re-intervention was observed with the severity of stenosis at index visit, access flow, vessel wall diameter proximal to the stenosis, average venous pressure >50% of the delivered blood flow rate and prolonged bleeding for >30 minutes as a reason for referral. Three equations have been derived for calculating the need for re-intervention based on the diameter of the vessel wall proximal to the stenosis.

Conclusions

Risk stratification of BC fistulas utilizing the above parameters could enable clinicians to identify accesses that are at risk for multiple re-interventions. Early identification of accesses that are at high risk for re-interventions at the cephalic arch might prolong access survival and reduce the cost for intervention by utilizing alternate strategies.
Interpreting and Negotiating Language Policy at the Local Level: A Case Study from Catalan-Speaking Spain
Authors: Duggan Joanna
Published: June 2017

In the Balearic Islands, where two official languages (Spanish and Catalan) co-exist, movements have been made to increase the role of foreign languages (English, in particular) at the expense of the regional minority language, Catalan. This paper presents findings from a case study investigating language policy at an International Baccalaureate (IB) secondary school in the Balearic Islands. Data were gathered through interviews and classroom observations. Findings suggest that, while the school site maintains a degree of autonomy over its language policy, the local, historical, social, political, and ideological context impact on the promotion of Catalan in the classroom. The results also illustrate the complex interaction between the implementation of governmental legislation, oversight of the IB Organization, and the interpretation and negotiation of policymaking by school staff at the classroom level and elsewhere.
Influence of heat stress on leaf morphology and nitrogen–carbohydrate metabolisms in two wucai (Brassica campestris L.) genotypes
Authors: Yuan Lingyun , Tang Ling , Zhu Shidong , Hou Jinfeng , Chen Guohu , Liu Fan , Liu Shan , Wang Chenggang
Published: June 2017

Heat stress is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth and yield worldwide. The present study was carried out to explore the physiological mechanism of heat tolerant to provide the theoretical basis for heat-tolerant breeding. The changes of leaf morphology, anatomy, nitrogen assimilation, and carbohydrate metabolism in two wucai genotypes (WS-1, heat tolerant; WS-6, heat sensitive) grown under heat stress (40°C/30°C) for 7 days were investigated. Our results showed that heat stress hampered the plant growth and biomass accumulation in certain extent in WS-1 and WS-6. However, the inhibition extent of WS-1 was significantly smaller than WS-6. Thickness of leaf lamina, upper epidermis, and palisade mesophyll were increased by heat in WS-1, which might be contributed to the higher assimilation of photosynthates. During nitrogen assimilation, WS-1 possessed the higher nitrogen-related metabolic enzyme activities, including nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which were reflected by higher photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) with respect to WS-6. The total amino acids level had no influence in WS-1, whereas it was reduced in WS-6 by heat. And the proline contents of both wucai genotypes were all increased to respond the heat stress. Additionally, among all treatments, the total soluble sugar content of WS-1 by heat got the highest level, including higher contents of sucrose, fructose, and starch than those of WS-6. Moreover, the metabolism efficiency of sucrose to starch in WS-1 was greater than WS-6 under heat stress, proved by higher activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), acid invertase (AI), and amylase. These results demonstrated that leaf anatomical alterations resulted in higher nitrogen and carbon assimilation in heat-tolerant genotype WS-1, which exhibited a greater performance to resist heat stress.
Interlaboratory Comparison Test as an Evaluation of Applicability of an Alternative Edible Oil Analysis by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zailer Elina , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Diehl Bernd W K
Published: June 2017

A proton (1H) NMR spectroscopic method was established for the quality assessment of vegetable oils. To date, several research studies have been published demonstrating the high potential of the NMR technique in lipid analysis. An interlaboratory comparison was organized with the following main objectives: (1) to evaluate an alternative analysis of edible oils by using 1H NMR spectroscopy; and (2) to determine the robustness and reproducibility of the method. Five different edible oil samples were analyzed by evaluating 15 signals (free fatty acids, peroxides, aldehydes, double bonds, and linoleic and linolenic acids) in each spectrum. A total of 21 NMR data sets were obtained from 17 international participant laboratories. The performance of each laboratory was assessed by their z-scores. The test was successfully passed by 90.5% of the participants. Results showed that NMR spectroscopy is a robust alternative method for edible oil analysis.
Mimosoudní řešení spotřebitelských sporů online v právu EU a jeho dopady na českou právní úpravu
Authors: Loutocký Pavel
Published: June 2017

Cílem článku je představit mimosoudního řešení spotřebitelských sporů online v právu Evropské unie s využitím ODR (online dispute resolution) a zhodnotit jeho dopady na českou právní úpravu. Daný způsob řešení sporů by měl poskytovat jednoduché, efektivní, rychlé a levné mimosoudní řešení sporů v souvislosti s online transakcemi. Účelem tohoto článku je detailněji prezentovat evropský právní režim a zabývat se jeho jednotlivými fázemi. V druhé části pak budou posouzeny konkrétní dopady představeného právního režimu na českou právní úpravu. V rámci celého článku budou prezentována jednotlivá úskalí, která nepřispívají k celkové efektivitě a využitelnosti prezentovaného právního rámce.
Dysglycemia in Critically Ill Patients: Common Problems and Future Direction
Authors: Sanaie Sarvin , Mahmoodpoor Ata
Published: June 2017

The management of blood glucose (BG) in the critically ill became a topic of great interest following the publication of the landmark single-center surgical ICU study targeting euglycemia (80 to 110 mg/dL) in Leuven, Belgium, in 2001 (1). This study resulted in thousands of protocols and guidelines promoting 'tight' BG control . The failure to show the same results and high incidence of hypoglycemia in following trials have resulted in controversy in blood glucose management in critically ill patients. Analysis of dysglycemia in critically ill patients should include markers of three domains: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability (2,3). Thus, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and blood glucose variability should all be regarded as independent predictors of adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. Agus et al., in their multicenter study (4), showed that critically ill children with hyperglycemia did not benefit from strict glycemic control to a target glucose of 80-110 mg/dL compared to 150-180 mg/dL and patients in lower treatment target showed an insignificant 90-day mortally rate compared to other group. There are so many reasons to describe these controversies: In LEUVEN III study (5), despite a 25% hypoglycemia incidence, tight glycemic control had a significant treatment effect; nevertheless, in Agus et al. study, despite a lower incidence of hypoglycemia, treatment effect was not significant. The reasons can be explained with the fact that first trials were single centered open label studies which were terminated at early stages of the study because of observed benefits which may have exaggerated the treatment effect. Also, the observed difference was found in subgroup analysis which could have been due to chance factor. Findings from RCTs conducted on critically ill adults and children strongly suggest that the largest benefit for blood glucose control can be expected if the difference in blood glucose concentrations between the study groups is large and if the study is done in a single-centre setting where the blood glucose management is tailored to the local treatment habits. Consequently, we could not compare those single centered trials which are not externally validated with high level of adherence to protocols, lower time to target range, higher time in target range with multi centered trials with a low level of adherence to protocol higher time to target range, lower time in target range and a totally different method of energy supplementation. Finally, the era of 'one size fits all' in regard to glycemic targets in the critically ill seems to be over. We should also consider the correct and earlier diagnosis of patients, their glycemic status and preadmission glycemic control individually (6). Future trials should consider the discrepancies accounting for controversial points like nutritional status of patients, glucose monitoring methods (7) and insulin titration method.
Violence Directed towards Nurses Working at Al-Medina Hospitals
Authors: Alsheri Amar , Almutairi Nayef , Ahmed Alshebli
Published: June 2017

Background: According to the recent studies, violence in health care is growing and it excessively affects the retention and recruitment of nurses. It also affects burnout levels and sick leave. Aims: To determine the physical and verbal abuse violence prevalence against nurses in Al-Medina hospitals. Methods: This a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted in three community hospitals in Saudi Arabia in 2011 using a random sample of 288 nurses. Results: The prevalence of physical violence among the population of the study was 26%. Verbal abuse prevalence was 23.3%. Patients/clients were the major perpetrators of the violence (76.0%) followed by patient’s family member(s) (24.0%). Whereas 92.0% mentioned that the violence action was preventable. Gender was correlated significantly with verbal abuse violence. Conclusion: Our study manifested that the prevalence of physical violence and verbal abuse among nurses at Al-Medina hospitals was high.
ELEMENTS OF WAVE THEORY
Authors: Wiegel R. L. , Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

The first known mathematical solution for finite height, periodic waves of stable form was developed by Gerstner (1802). From equations that were developed, Gerstner (1802) arrived at the conclusion that the surface curve was trochoidal in form. Froude (1862) and Rankine (1863) developed the theory but in the opposite manner, i.e., they started with the assumption of a trochoidal form and then developed their equations from this curve. The theory was developed for waves in water of infinite depth with the orbits of the water particles being circular, decreasing in geometrical progression as the distance below the water surface increased in arithmetical progression. Recent experiments (Wiegel, 1950) have shown that the surface profile, represented by the trochoidal equations (as well as the first few terms of Stokes' theory), closely approximates the actual profiles for waves traveling over a horizontal bottom. However the theory necessitates molecular rotation of the particles, while the manner in which waves are formed by conservative forces necessitates irrotational motion.
HISTORY OF OCEAN OUTLETS, LOS ANGELES COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT
Authors: Kenyon Edgar C.
Published: June 2017

Los Angeles County has a number of watercourses which discharge into the Pacific Ocean. Three of these are of major importance in that they traverse the Coastal Plain area of the County. These three are the Los Angeles River, the San Gabriel River, and Ballona Creek. They have a combined drainage area of approximately 1,645 square miles, most of which is within Los Angeles County. Such area not only comprises over 40 percent of the land area of the County but, more important, includes within its boundaries, the great majority of the County's population. The Coastal Plain area of Los Angeles County, prior to installation of flood control works, was probably subject to a greater potential flood hazard than any area of similar size and density of population in the United States. It has been subjected periodically to floods that, descending from the San Gabriel and Santa Monica Mountains, have rushed across the valley floor towards the Pacific Ocean altering topographic features and causing loss of life and property.
APPLICATION OF BAYESIAN NETWORK AS A TOOL FOR COASTAL FLOODING IMPACT PREDICTION AT VARNA BAY (BULGARIA, WESTERN BLACK SEA)
Authors: Valchev Nikolay , Eftimova Petya , Andreeva Nataliya , Prodanov Bogdan
Published: June 2017

Storms and related disasters are one of the most important phenomena producing coastal hazards and endangering human life and occupation. While coastal response to extreme forcing conditions can be evaluated using numerical models, there is increasing need for less computationally expensive probability tools that can quickly produce results thus contributing to more effective coastal risk management. A possible response to this demand is a Bayesian Network, which relates near-shore storm conditions to their onshore flood potential and ultimately translates them to relevant impact (consequences) expressed as damage to various receptor groups. Bayesian Network can constitute a module in an early warning system or can be used as a planning tool to evaluate the long-term vulnerability due to multiple coastal hazards, under various climate-related scenarios. The present study describes the application of a Bayesian Network for Varna Bay building on developments made in the framework of the RISC-KIT (Resilience-Increasing Strategies for Coasts â€“ toolKIT) project. Moreover, several alternatives involving disaster risk reduction measures were examined both in present and future climate conditions. It was found that the analysis of results through the prism of the Bayesian Network provides a useful insight of the problems at the study site making it a reliable coastal impact prediction tool.
AN AGENT-BASED MODEL TO EVALUATE HOUSING DYNAMICS OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES FACING STORMS AND SEA LEVEL RISE
Authors: Karanci Ayse , Berglund Emily , Overton Margery
Published: June 2017

An agent-based model (ABM) is developed to explore the effects of storms and sea level rise (SLR) on soft-engineered coastal management actions and householdsâ€™ housing decisions at the coastal town of Nags Head in North Carolina, USA. The ABM links the behavior of household agents (individual homeowners) and town agents (coastal managers) with morphological coastal evolution caused by long-term erosion, sea level rise, and storms. Storm impacts are determined by combining the process-based model XBeach (Roelvink, 2009) outputs with the ABM framework. The integrated ABM framework is applied to simulate occupation dynamics and community viability under forcing from storms and sea level rise over a time frame of 50 years. A timeline with storm events was created using historical data and the intensity of the storm in the midpoint of the timeline was varied to explore the effect of storm intensity on the community. Simulations demonstrated a strong link between the intensity of storms and household occupancy. Results suggest that increased storm intensity hinders development and in some cases can cause community occupation growth to stagnate or decline. The results also indicate a feedback loop between the natural processes, management decisions, and household decisions. After a severe storm, buildings are damaged, expenses are increased, and occupation declines. A diminished community cannot invest in protection measures and in turn becomes more vulnerable to future storms. A tipping point may occur, where the community stagnates with respect to its household occupation. To investigate the influence of varying sea level rise rates on community occupancy dynamics, the model was forced with different sea level rise scenarios, including no sea level rise, a constant rate of sea level rise, and two scenarios with accelerated sea level rise. The scenario with no sea level rise showed a considerably more attractive community than the scenarios with sea level rise. This was attributed to (1) absence of expenses incurred in other scenarios to mitigate recession caused by sea level rise and (2) lower flooding risk.
IMPLICATIONS OF PLUME DISCHARGE FOR TIDAL CHANNELS MORPHODYNAMICS: A COUPLED ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE SYSTEM
Authors: Jiménez-Robles Alfonso Miguel , Lanzoni Stefano , Ortega-SÃ¡nchez Miguel
Published: June 2017

This contribution investigates the morphodynamic equilibrium of a funnel-shaped, well-mixed tidal channel taking into account the existing dynamical coupling between the tidal channel itself and the related offshore sediment-laden plume. We use a quasi two-dimensional numerical model that resolves the fully nonlinear unsteady shallow water, sediment bed load transport and suspended sediment advection-diffusion equations along with the Exner equation for the bathymetric changes. We close this model by including a dynamic boundary condition at the channel mouth that transfers the offshore plume sediment concentration to the channel dynamics. This model reveals that the offshore plume reduces the timescales to reach equilibrium of the channel and plays a crucial role on shaping it. At equilibrium, the non-plume influence case attains a quasi-linear profile of constant slope in the seaward part. However, the bottom profile in the case that includes the offshore plume tends to increase the concavity of the bottom profile, reducing the final channel mouth depth. Finally, numerical results suggest that the plume characteristics are altered as a consequence of tidal channel evolution.
INFLUENCE OF EMERGENT VEGETATION ON SEDIMENT YIELD AT CROSS-SHORE COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Turker Umut , Yagci Oral , Riazi Amin , Kabdasli Sedat
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to conceptually analyze the change in the magnitude of offshore sediment yield, wave energy, and offshore dislocation of sediment particles on coastal regions in the presence of coastal vegetation. This was achieved by comparing the simultaneous physical changes at coastal zones that were partly covered with vegetation while the remaining part had no vegetation. Series of experiments were conducted, and the interactions between the vegetation parameter, ratio of sediment yields, and offshore sediment dislocation distances were analyzed and determined to define the relationship between the parameters. The resultant empirical equations mostly followed a power relationship and fit the experimental data. The energy decay coefficient, reflecting the energy used in the presence of the vegetation, had strong protection ability and approached 80% energy decay as the vegetation parameter increased. The performance of natural vegetation cover was adequate, simulating a 50â€“80% decrease in offshore sediment yield, depending on the magnitude of the vegetation parameter.
MULTI-INLET MIGRATION MODELING FOR NAVIGATION CHANNEL MANAGEMENT IN TABUSINTAC BAY, EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Leys Vincent , Lehmann Moritz
Published: June 2017

In New Brunswick, Atlantic Canada, Tabusintac Bayâ€™s multiple tidal inlets meander through narrow barrier islands and are prone to large storm-induced shifts, making navigation hazardous. A multi-evidence assessment comprised of air-photo analysis, field observations and modeling was undertaken to understand the system and recommend sustainable dredging strategies and/or engineering alternatives. The modeling relied on a combination of simple analytical methods for tidal inlet stability, and complex morphological modeling to project the evolution of the nearshore bathymetry. The study recommended reassigning dredging efforts to a new inlet projected to grow and have better stability. Observations two years after the initial modeling effort indicate that the morphological evolution is consistent with the simulation results, and allowed lowered maintenance dredging requirements. This study illustrates how such a multi-evidence assessment of complex coastal dynamics can concretely guide efforts to reduce maintenance dredging and improve safety at sea.
A STUDY ON WAVE-INDUCED PARTICLE VELOCITIES IN FLUID MUD LAYER
Authors: Soltanpour Mohsen , Shamsnia Hadi , Shibayama Tomaya , Nakamura Ryota , Tatekoji Akifumi
Published: June 2017

Cohesive sediments can be found in many coastal zones all over the world. The upper layer of these muddy coasts may be fluidized under the wave action. Fluid mud is also formed by settlement of fine particles when the waves and currents exert a small shearing stress on the bed. When the waves pass over the fluid mud layer, it absorbs wave energy and, in turn, moves due to the wave action. The present study offers a numerical and experimental study of wave-mud interaction on a horizontal bed. A number of wave flume laboratory tests are presented to investigate wave attenuation, particle velocities in fluid mud layer and mud mass transport under different wave characteristics. The laboratory results are also compared with a developed semi-analytical model.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF A GROIN SYSTEM ON SHORELINE EVOLUTION
Authors: Ari Guner H. Anil , Sahin Cihan , Yuksel Yalcin , Cevik Esin
Published: June 2017

The South-west Black Sea Coast is facing severe erosion problems that threaten both the population and the immediate eastside properties. Some locations, such as the Karaburun region, are especially vulnerable. In an attempt to reverse the present erosional trend, a coastal defense scheme involving a groin system was introduced in a phased manner. In the present work, the shoreline changes under the influence of a groin system of a sandy beach in Karaburun, Turkey, are studied by using a numerical simulation model (LITPACK). The work is motivated by the considerable erosion and siltation problems caused a sediment deposition near and inside the harbor entrance which prevented the boat traffic and caused a vital problem for the harbor operations. The studyâ€™s scope is two-fold: to help in understanding the dynamics of the beach based on results of the field work and to study the responses of this beach by numerical simulation, utilizing the topographic and sediment field data and measured wave data. The validation and verification of the numerical model was performed by RTK-GPS measurements and satellite images.
WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION, SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND SEABED EVOLUTION IN THE PIRAQUÃŠ-AÃ‡U/PIRAQUÃŠ MIRIM ESTUARY (BRAZIL)
Authors: Coutinho Thais Nunes , De Jesus Leonardo Carvalho , Chacaltana Julio TomÃ¡s Aquije
Published: June 2017

The medium-term seabed evolution of PiraquÃª-AÃ§Ãº/PiraquÃª-Mirim estuary (ES/Brazil) is studied numerically in this work. The hydrodynamics is induced by the tide, the river discharges, and the incident water wave. The wave-tide-current interactions are obtained by coupling the shallow water equations with the radiation stress tensor introduced by Longuet-Higgins & Stewart (1960). In this way, the influence of both the tidal current and the current induced by gravity waves on the sediment transport are taken into account. We utilized the Exner (1925) equation, based on the conservation of seabed sediment mass, to calculate the morphological evolution. Seabed morphological changes are accelerated by introducing a time scale factor. Four bedload sediment transport formulations were tested and compared. We found an excellent agreement when numerical results are compared with currents measured in the upper estuary and with sediment transport rates measured at the riverâ€™s mouth when using the Engelund and Hansen (1967) sediment transport formulation. We also found that the main morphological changes occurring at the estuary mouth are due to the action of gravity waves. Between the head and mouth of the estuary, the sediment transport rate and morphological seabed changes are controlled exclusively by the tidal currents and the river discharge. In this latter case, we found that the large sandbank located at the estuary mouth is responsible for the absence of wave.
LONG-TERM TOPOGRAPHIC CHANGES AROUND SAND SPIT AND IMPACT OF EXTRAORDINARY HIGH WAVES DURING TYPHOONS
Authors: San-nami Toshiro , Uda Takaaki , Yamada Masashi , Ishikawa Toshinori
Published: June 2017

Around the Mihono-matsubara sand spit in Suruga Bay in Japan, the beach was eroded owing to the decrease in the fluvial sand supply from the Abe River triggered by excess riverbed mining before 1967, together with the discharge of sand into the deep sea via a steep slope near the tip of the sand spit. As a measure against beach erosion, an artificial headland (HL) composed of two detached breakwaters and the breakwaters (BWs) placed along the shoreline have been constructed along with beach nourishment, but the beach is barely maintained by these measures. In 2013, two large typhoons hit the coast, causing rapid beach changes around the structures, and these beach changes were superimposed on the long-term topographic changes that have occurred over a long time as a geomorphological process. In this study, their impact to the beaches was investigated on the basis of the field data.