bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilização de jardins sépticos no tratamento de esgoto doméstico com vala de infiltração saturada
Authors: Fonseca Júnior Ernani Gomes da , Silva Helena Paula de Barros , Silva Ronaldo Faustino da , Melo Daniele de Castro Pessoa de
Published: December 2019

A utilização de plantas para tratamento de esgotos é uma alternativa de baixo custo, eficiente e pouca manutenção. Apesar de não ser uma técnica nova, a utilização de sistemas que imitam processos naturais, uma opção aos sistemas convencionais, tem se mostrado eficiente, promovendo um tratamento simultaneamente aeróbio e anaeróbio, retirando sólidos suspensos e microrganismos patogênicos e, consequentemente, diminuindo a carga orgânica. Outros benefícios incluem a redução de odor, a estética da vegetação e o apelo ecológico, fazendo com que as comunidades que recebem este tipo de sistema o aceitem com maior facilidade. Desta forma, o trabalho tem como objetivo propor o uso de plantas, como tratamento auxiliar de esgoto doméstico para um sistema fossa séptica com vala de infiltração. O sistema estudado, fossa séptica e vala de infiltração, encontra-se em funcionamento desde a década de 1980, dado o tempo de funcionamento e um número maior de usuários, para o qual foi projetado encontra-se saturado. Com a utilização de plantas ornamentais para o tratamento haverá a criação de um jardim de contemplação, suprindo assim uma carência nesta comunidade. Isto posto, foram sugeridos alguns tipos de plantas ornamentais, as mais utilizadas no Nordeste do Brasil, que foram avaliadas para tratamento do efluente e aspecto estético. A metodologia baseou-se em estudo exploratório sobre o tema, a fim de definir as diretrizes do projeto do SAC (sistema de alagados construídos), como dimensionamento, camadas e espécies adaptadas. Destaca-se que, segundo a literatura, as espécies Helicônia e Canna, são as mais adequadas ao uso em sistemas saturados como o estudado, devido à alta taxa de evapotranspiração que estas possuem em climas tropicais e um estudo piloto deverá ser realizado a fim de avaliar as outras espécies ornamentais comuns e adaptadas no Nordeste brasileiro.
Online sexual activities among university students: relationship with sexual satisfaction
Authors: Gutiérrez-Puertas Lorena , Márquez Hernández Verónica , Gutiérrez-Puertas Vanesa , Granados-Gámez Genoveva , Rodríguez-García Mª Carmen , Aguilera-Manrique Gabriel
Published: December 2019

Este estudio explora las actividades sexuales a través de internet y analiza la relación entre estas actividades y la satisfacción sexual. Un total de 236 estudiantes universitarios completaron self-reported scales. Los resultados indicaron que las actividades sexuales online más realizadas fue la búsqueda de temas sexuales, ligar a través de chats y consultar videos eróticos o pornográficos. Con respecto a la relación entre las actividades sexuales online y la satisfacción sexual, se encontró que los participantes que manifestaron no buscar información sexual así como no utilizar chats para conversaciones sexuales, obtuvieron una mayor puntuación en satisfacción sexual. En conclusión, aunque la realización de actividades a través de internet con fines sexuales tiene una alta prevalencia, no queda acreditada de manera suficiente su influencia en la obtención de una mayor satisfacción sexual. 

This study explores online sexual activities and analyzes the relationship between these activities and sexual satisfaction. A total of 236 university students completed self-reported scales. The results indicated that the most frequent online sexual activities were: searching for sexual issues, flirting via chat rooms and viewing erotic or pornographic videos. With regards to the relationship between online sexual activities and sexual satisfaction, it was found that participants who reported not seeking sexual information as well as not using chatrooms for sexual conversations, obtained a higher score in sexual satisfaction. In conclusion, although engaging in activities online for sexual purposes has a high prevalence, its influence on obtaining greater sexual satisfaction is not sufficiently proven.
“Meet my brain”
Authors: Daverkosen Drude
Published: December 2019

Denne artikel bygger på et feltarbejde hos organisationen Kvinder i Dialog, før, under og efter at det danske tildækningsforbud trådte i kraft den 1. august 2018. Studiet søger at tage niqabklædte kvinder på ordet ved at indgå i dialog med dem om motivationen for at bære niqab og de dertilhørende pietistiske kvindeidealer. Desuden belyses det, hvordan det at bære niqab udøves som kollektiv opposition til kriminaliseringen af netop denne praksis. Artiklen dokumenterer de modsatrettede fortællinger mellem det danske Folketings forståelse af niqab som et symbol på kvindeundertrykkelse og religiøst bagudsyn og en gruppe muslimske kvinders forståelse af niqab som et religiøst symbol, de benytter til at praktisere deres køn og religiøsitet fra en minoritetsposition i det danske samfund.
De stille moskéer og kirkeklokkernes genklang
Authors: Jacobsen Brian Arly , Daverkosen Drude , Larsen Luna Skjoldann
Published: December 2019

I Danmark har det over hele landet været “naturligt” med kirkeklok- kers ringen på forskellige tidspunkter af døgnet. Det har været så normaliseret en del af det offentlige rums lydbillede, at det generelt har været et konfliktfrit område. Anderledes er det med spørgsmålet om kald til bøn (adhan) fra minareter i Danmark, fordi de ikke vækker genklang hos den danske befolkning. I lokalplaner har politikere betinget sig, at der ikke blev kaldt til bøn fra minareten af hensyn til freden i det offentlige rum. Denne artikel undersøger holdningen til “kristen” og “muslimsk” lyd i det offentlige byrum hos kommunalpolitikere i Danmark. Analysen viser en forandring i kommunalpolitikernes holdning til særligt muslimsk lyd fra 2013 til 2017 og en samtidig udviskning af folkekirkens særstatus i det of- fentlige lydbillede.
ENJEUX DE LA CONSTRUCTION IDENTITAIRE DE JEUNES DE PARENTS MIGRANTS - L’EXEMPLE DES JEUNES FEMMES D’ORIGINE MAGHRÉBINE
Authors: Skandrani1 Sara , El Husseini Mayssa , Moro Marie-Rose
Published: December 2019

Les problématiques identitaires auxquelles sont confrontées tous les adolescents et jeunes adultes peuvent être particulièrement mises sous tensions en contexte transculturel. L’objectif de cette recherche qualitative est d’étudier la construction identitaire de jeunes femmes nées en France et dont les deux parents ont migré du Maghreb. À cette fin, des entretiens semi-directifs sont menés avec 20 sujets (âge : 17-25 ans), retranscrits, puis analysés avec l’Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis(Smith, 2008). Les résultats révèlent trois thématiques majeures de la construction identitaire dans cette population : la pratique de l’Islam, la normé d’endogamie, la norme de virginité. Ces normes et pratiques culturelles représentent des marqueurs symboliques de l’identité, permettant une inscription filiative et affiliative. Ces enjeux identitaires s’inscrivent dans les relations historiques - passées et actuelles - entre populations maghrébines et société française.
La prévention des troubles psychiques des étudiants. Les Pôles de Prévention et d’Orientation Psychologique (PPOP)
Authors: Maccotta1 Jean-Christophe , Hourantier Christelle , Piot Marie-Aude , Corcos Maurice
Published: December 2019

Un tiers des étudiants se plaignent de souffrance psychologique. Les difficultés psychologiques peuvent entraîner une rupture des trajectoires de vie pouvant conduire à l’entrée dans une pathologie psychiatrique. Nous présentons un dispositif de prévention secondaire au sein des universités permettant d’augmenter le recours aux soins lorsqu’ils sont nécessaires, mais aussi d’accueillir la problématique psychique des étudiants, prolongement de la conflictualité adolescente. Nous présenterons comment ce dispositif s’articule tant avec les enseignants qu’avec les soins, proposant ainsi une interface tierce.
Letters of Alliance and an Alliance of Letters: Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Juan de Carvajal, and the Conciliar Crisis
Authors: O’Brien Emily
Published: December 2019

This contribution charts a new pathway in the correspondence between Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (1405–64) and Juan de Carvajal (1399?–1469) by focusing primarily on the relationship between the two men. It argues that each sought to adjust their relationship to fit the political demands of the moment, and that they used it, or tried to use it, as a tool to navigate and even resolve the conciliar crisis. This article enriches our understanding of a critical moment in church history, sharpens our grasp of the roles of both Piccolomini and Carvajal, and suggests new ways that humanism contributed to the fifteenth-century church.
Body height and waist circumference of young Swiss men as assessed by 3D laser-based photonic scans and by manual anthropometric measurements
Authors: Beckmann Claudia , Aldakak Lafi , Eppenberger Patrick , Rühli Frank , Staub Kaspar , Bender Nicole
Published: December 2019

Overweight and obesity are considered among the major health concerns worldwide. The body mass index is a frequently used measure for overweight and obesity and is associated with common non-communicable diseases such as diabetes type II, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. However, the body mass index does not account for the distribution of body fat and relative fat to muscle mass. 3D laser-based photonic full body scans provide detailed information on various body circumferences, surfaces, and volumes as well as body height and weight (using an integrated scale). In the literature, body scans showed good feasibility, reliability, and validity, while also demonstrating a good correlation with health parameters linked to the metabolic syndrome. However, systematic differences between body scan derived measurements and manual measurements remain an issue. This study aimed to assess these systematic differences for body height, waist circumference, and body mass index using cross-sectional data from a homogenous sample of 52 young Swiss male volunteers. In addition to 3D laser-based photonic full body scans and correlative manual measurements, body fat distribution was assessed through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Overall, an excellent correlation was found between measurements of waist circumference and body mass index, and good correlation between body mass index and total fat mass, as well as between waist circumference and visceral fat mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Volunteers were shorter in height measured by body scan when compared to manual measurements. This systematic difference became smaller when volunteers stood in the scanner in a completely upright position with their feet together. Waist circumference was slightly smaller for manual measurements than for body scan derived values. This systematic difference was larger in overweight volunteers compared to leaner volunteers.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in a Nigerian Distribution Network Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Abiola Adepoju Gafari , Adeleke Salimon Sunday , Adedapo Aderinko Hassan , Olawale Bisiriyu Akeem
Published: December 2019

The optimal placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) using has been shown by researchers to be effective in the reduction of power losses and improvement of voltage profile on a radial distribution network. However, it has not been applied to solve the inherent problems of real Nigerian distribution network. Therefore, this paper aimed at optimal placement and sizing of DG using Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) in a real Nigerian distribution network taking Ayepe 34-bus as a case study.

The objective function was formulated considering the real power loss, the minimum Voltage Stability Index (VSI) and the reactive power loss using weight method. The formulated objective function was incorporated into the CSA. Power flow analyses were performed with line and load data of Ayepe 34-bus distribution network without the incorporation of DG for the base case, with incorporation of single DG and two DG units.

The total active power loss, minimum VSI and total reactive power loss for the base case were 0.762 MW, 0.4741, 0.146 MVar respectively. The optimal size and bus location after single DG installation were found to be (3.5 MW, 11) respectively while the optimal size and location for the two-DG units’ installation were found to be (2.4 MW, 13; 1.4 MW, 21), respectively. With single DG unit, the total active power loss, minimum VSI and total reactive power loss were 0.141 MW, 0.9064 and 0.027 MVar respectively. For two-DG units, the total active power loss, minimum VSI and total reactive power loss 0.131 MW, 0.9287 and 0.025 MVar respectively.

The results established the effectiveness of the optimal placement and sizing of DG for the Nigerian distribution system in terms of reduction of power losses, improvement of voltage stability index and profile using CSA technique.
Nutraceutical and Health Benefits of Two Underutilized Leafy Vegetables (Pterocarpus santalinoides and Napoleona imperialis)
Authors: Umerah N. N. , Asouzu A. I. , Okoye J. I.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and health implication of Pterocarpus santalinoides (Uturukpa) and Napoleona imperialis (Mkpodu) leaves. The vegetables were harvested from the forest in Udi Local Government area in Enugu State and identified at Department of Agronomy, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria. The vegetables were trimmed and washed with deionized water and drained. The vegetables were ground using hammer mill into paste separately and coded as sample A (Pterocarpus santalinoides) and sample B (Napoleona imperialis). Both samples were analyzed in the laboratory for proximate, vitamins, minerals, anti-nutrients and phytochemicals. The results were analyzed statistically using mean and standard deviation. The result showed that the proximate composition (on wet wt. basis) of sample A and B were protein 1.06 and 5.27%, fat 0.98 and 0.71%, fibre 0.90 and 1.01%, ash 2.73 and 1.27% and carbohydrate 30.63 and 23.54% respectively. The vitamin constituents were beta carotene 360.00 and 360.00 µg/100 g, vitamin C 5.20 and 7.13 mg/100 g and vitamin E 2.80 and 1.45 mg/100 g for sample A and B respectively. The result of the minerals were iron 3.49 and 1.40 mg/100 g, zinc 0.92 and 2.10 mg/100 g, calcium 36.00 and 25.60 mg/100 g, magnesium 20.01 and 25.20 mg/100 g and potassium 11.27 and 70.92 mg/100 g for sample A and B respectively. The result of the pyhtochemicals revealed that both leaves contained an appreciable amount of phytochemicals which are component of herbs use for ethnomedicine. The anti-nutrients in sample A and B were cyanide 0.48 and 0.94%, oxalate 1.08 and 3.87% and phytate 0.25 and 6.01% respectively. The high protein, fibre and mineral content of Napoleona imperialis is of interest, hence these lesser known vegetables are recommended due to its high nutritional content and health benefit.
Achievement Motivation as Predictor of Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Student in Mathematics Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Stella Erhuvwu Okotie , Adeyemi Florence T.
Published: December 2019

The study examined the achievement motivation as predictor of academic achievement among Senior Secondary School II students in Edo State, Nigeria. The sample of the study consisted of 698 students who were randomly sampled from the population of 27,937 students in pubic secondary school II students in Edo Sate. The sample size was 2.5% of the entire population, which was drawn, using the multi-stage sampling technique. There are eighteen Local Government Areas in Edo State, divided into three (3) senatorial  districts - Edo North (5 local Government Areas); Edo Central (6 Local Government Areas); Edo South (7 Local Government Areas).  Both independent and dependent variables were measured with relevant standardized instruments.  To guide the study, three (3) research questions were raised and a null hypothesis was formulated.  Data collected were analyzed using Pearson r correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression statistical techniques. The results showed that achievement motivation predicted students’ academic achievement in Mathematic. On the basis of the findings, it was recommended that achievement motivation should b e enhanced using appropriate psychometric strategies.
O conceito de imitação em Vigotski e a educação escolar infantil
Authors: Dos Anjos Ricardo Eleutério , Zocoler Juliane Cristina
Published: December 2019

O artigo discute o conceito de imitação em Vigotski como uma atividade especificamente humana que, mediante a diretividade do adulto, é considerada uma das principais formas em que se leva a cabo a influência do ensino sobre o desenvolvimento psíquico. Para tanto, distingue a imitação do ser humano da dos demais animais, superando a concepção de imitação como algo mecânico e sem sentido. Ao relacionar a mimese com o conceito de zona de desenvolvimento iminente, apresenta aportes teóricos da psicologia histórico-cultural e da pedagogia histórico-crítica à educação escolar, notadamente no que tange à relação entre ensino e desenvolvimento na etapa da primeira infância.
El asalto a la razón: la trayectoria del irracionalismo desde Schelling hasta Hitler EPILOGO Sobre el irracionalismo en la posguerra
Authors: Lukács Georg
Published: December 2019

La trayectoria del irracionalismo desde Schelling hasta Hitler, uma resenha sobre sobre o irracionalismo no pós Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Bacteriocin ASM1 is an O/S‐diglycosylated, plasmid‐encoded homologue of glycocin F
Authors: Main Patrick , Hata Tomomi , Loo Trevor S. , Man Petr , Novak Petr , Havlíček Vladimír , Norris Gillian E. , Patchett Mark L.
Published: December 2019

Here, we report on the biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated bacteriocin (glycocin), ASM1, produced by Lactobacillus plantarum A‐1 and analysis of the A‐1 bacteriocinogenic genes. ASM1 is 43 amino acids in length with Ser18‐O‐ and Cys43‐S‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine moieties that are essential for its inhibitory activity. Its only close homologue, glycocin F (GccF), has five amino acid substitutions all residing in the flexible C‐terminal ‘tail’ and a lower IC50 (0.9 nm) compared to that of ASM1 (1.5 nm). Asm/gcc genes share the same organization (asmH← →asmABCDE→F), and the asm genes reside on an 11 905‐bp plasmid dedicated to ASM1 production. The A‐1 genome also harbors a gene encoding a ‘rare’ bactofencin‐type bacteriocin. As more examples of prokaryote S‐GlcNAcylation are discovered, the functions of this modification may be understood.
High‐resolution metabolomic profiling of Alzheimer’s disease in plasma
Authors: Niedzwiecki Megan M. , Walker Douglas I. , Howell Jennifer Christina , Watts Kelly D. , Jones Dean P. , Miller Gary W. , Hu William T.
Published: December 2019

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with contributions from genetic and environmental factors. High‐resolution metabolomics (HRM) has the potential to identify novel endogenous and environmental factors involved in AD. Previous metabolomics studies have identified circulating metabolites linked to AD, but lack of replication and inconsistent diagnostic algorithms have hindered the generalizability of these findings. Here we applied HRM to identify plasma metabolic and environmental factors associated with AD in two study samples, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD incorporated to achieve high diagnostic accuracy.

Methods

Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS)‐based HRM was used to identify plasma and CSF metabolites associated with AD diagnosis and CSF AD biomarkers in two studies of prevalent AD (Study 1: 43 AD cases, 45 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] cases, 41 controls; Study 2: 50 AD cases, 18 controls). AD‐associated metabolites were identified using a metabolome‐wide association study (MWAS) framework.

Results

An MWAS meta‐analysis identified three non‐medication AD‐associated metabolites in plasma, including elevated levels of glutamine and an unknown halogenated compound and lower levels of piperine, a dietary alkaloid. The non‐medication metabolites were correlated with CSF AD biomarkers, and glutamine and the unknown halogenated compound were also detected in CSF. Furthermore, in Study 1, the unknown compound and piperine were altered in MCI patients in the same direction as AD dementia.

Conclusions

In plasma, AD was reproducibly associated with elevated levels of glutamine and a halogen‐containing compound and reduced levels of piperine. These findings provide further evidence that exposures and behavior may modify AD risks.
The Secretome of Hypoxia Conditioned hMSC Loaded in a Central Depot Induces Chemotaxis and Angiogenesis in a Biomimetic Mineralized Collagen Bone Replacement Material
Authors: Quade Mandy , Münch Pina , Lode Anja , Duin Sarah , Vater Corina , Gabrielyan Anastasia , Rösen‐Wolff Angela , Gelinsky Michael
Published: December 2019

The development of biomaterials with intrinsic potential to stimulate endogenous tissue regeneration at the site of injury is a main demand on future implants in regenerative medicine. For critical‐sized bone defects, an in situ tissue engineering concept is devised based on biomimetic mineralized collagen scaffolds. These scaffolds are functionalized with a central depot loaded with a signaling factor cocktail, obtained from secretome of hypoxia‐conditioned human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, hypoxia‐conditioned medium (HCM)‐production is standardized and adapted to achieve high signaling factor‐yields; a concentration protocol based on dialysis and freeze‐drying is established to enable the integration of sufficient and defined amounts into the depot. In humid milieu—as after implantation—signaling factors are released by forming a chemotactic gradient, inducing a directed migration of human bone marrow stroma cells (hBMSC) into the scaffold. Angiogenic potential, determined by coculturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with osteogenically induced hBMSC shows prevascular structures, which sprout throughout the interconnected pores in a HCM‐concentration‐dependent manner. Retarded release by alginate‐based (1 vol%) depots, significantly improves sprouting‐depth and morphology of tubular structures. With the intrinsic potential to supply attracted cells with oxygen and nutrients, this bioactive material system has great potential for clinical translation.
Modified Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons Prepared via On‐Surface Synthesis
Authors: Zhou Xiahong , Yu Gui
Published: December 2019

1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have a bright future in the fabrication of next‐generation nanodevices because of their nontrivial electronic properties and tunable bandgaps. To promote the application of GNRs, preparation strategies of miscellaneous GNRs have to be developed. The GNRs prepared by top‐down approaches are accompanied by uncontrolled edges and structures. In order to overcome the difficulties, bottom‐up methods are widely used in the growth of various GNRs due to controllability of GNRs' features. Among those bottom‐up methods, the on‐surface synthesis is a promising approach to prepare GNRs with distinct widths, edge/backbone structures, and so forth. Therefore, modified engineering of the GNRs prepared via on‐surface synthesis is of great significance in controllable preparation of GNRs and their potential applications. In the past decade, there have been a lot of reports on controllable preparation of GNRs using on‐surface synthesis approach. Herein, the advances of GNRs grown via on‐surface growth strategy are described. Several growth parameters, the latest advances in the modification of the GNR structure and width, the GNR doping/co‐doping with heteroatoms, a variety of GNR heterojunctions, and the device application of GNRs are reviewed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are discussed.
Engineered Cell‐Derived Microparticles Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs for Imaging Guided Synergistic Photothermal/Low‐Dose Chemotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Yao Yuzhu , He Junkai , Zhong Xiaoyan , Li Basen , Rao Shiyu , Yu Haiting , He Shuaicheng , Feng Xiaoyu , Xu Tuo , Yang Bin , Yong Tuying , Gan Lu , Hu Jun , Yang Xiangliang
Published: December 2019

Cell‐derived microparticles, which are recognized as nanosized phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles, have exhibited great potential to serve as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. However, for the purpose of comprehensive therapy, microparticles decorated with multiple therapeutic components are needed, but effective engineering strategies are limited and still remain enormous challenges. Herein, Bi2Se3 nanodots and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) co‐embedded tumor cell‐derived microparticles (Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs) are successfully constructed through ultraviolet light irradiation‐induced budding of parent cells which are preloaded with Bi2Se3 nanodots and DOX via electroporation. The multifunctional microparticles are obtained with high controllability and drug‐loading capacity without unfavorable membrane surface destruction, maintaining their excellent intrinsic biological behaviors. Through membrane fusion cellular internalization, Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs show enhanced cellular internalization and deepened tumor penetration, resulting in extreme cell damage in vitro without considering endosomal escape. Because of their distinguished photothermal performance and tumor homing target capability, Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs exhibit admirable dual‐modal imaging capacity and outstanding tumor suppression effect. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, intravenous injection of Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs into H22 tumor‐bearing mice results in remarkably synergistic antitumor efficacy by combining photothermal therapy with low‐dose chemotherapy in vivo. Furthermore, the negligible hemolytic activity, considerable metabolizability, and low systemic toxicity of Bi2Se3/DOX@MPs imply their distinguished biocompatibility and great potential for tumor theranostics.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Cyclobutenes by Catalytic Conjugate Addition/Trapping Strategies
Authors: Zhong Changxu , Huang Yingchao , Zhang Haocheng , Zhou Qiang , Liu Yu , Lu Ping
Published: December 2019

A copper‐catalyzed tandem process to generate chiral cyclobutene derivatives has been developed. It is based on an enantioselective conjugate addition or reduction of a cyclobutenone and sequential trapping with a chlorophosphate in a one‐pot process. These phosphates are stable under mildly acidic conditions and serve as good electrophiles in Negishi coupling reactions.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Inter‐ and Intramolecular Aryl Thioether Metathesis by Reversible Arylation
Authors: Delcaillau Tristan , Bismuto Alessandro , Lian Zhong , Morandi Bill
Published: December 2019

A nickel‐catalyzed aryl thioether metathesis has been developed to access high‐value thioethers. 1,2‐Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcype) is essential to promote this highly functional‐group‐tolerant reaction. Furthermore, synthetically challenging macrocycles could be obtained in good yield in an unusual example of ring‐closing metathesis that does not involve alkene bonds. In‐depth organometallic studies support a reversible Ni0/NiII pathway to product formation. Overall, this work not only provides a more sustainable alternative to previous catalytic systems based on Pd, but also presents new applications and mechanistic information that are highly relevant to the further development and application of unusual single‐bond metathesis reactions.
A Molecular Thermochromic Ferroelectric
Authors: Liu Jun‐Chao , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Li Peng‐Fei , Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Song Xian‐Jiang , Zhang Han‐Yue , Zhang Yi , You Yu‐Meng , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: December 2019

Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted considerable interests because of their easy and environmentally friendly processing, low acoustical impedance and mechanical flexibility. Herein, a molecular thermochromic ferroelectric, N,N′‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium tetrachlorocuprate(II) ([DMe‐DABCO]CuCl4) is reported, which shows both excellent ferroelectricity and intriguing thermochromism. [DMe‐DABCO]CuCl4 undergoes a ferroelectric phase transition from Pca21 to Pbcm at a significantly high Curie temperature of 413 K, accompanied by a color change from yellow to red that is due to the remarkable deformation of [CuCl4]2− tetrahedron, where the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases correspond to yellow and red, respectively. Combined with multiple bistable physical properties, [DMe‐DABCO]CuCl4 would be a promising candidate for next‐generation smart devices, and should inspire further exploration of multifunctional molecular ferroelectrics.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Assignment of (+)‐Tronocarpine Enabled by an Asymmetric Michael/Aldol Reaction
Authors: Tan Dong‐Xing , Zhou Jie , Liu Chao‐You , Han Fu‐She
Published: December 2019

We present the first asymmetric total synthesis and absolute configuration determination of (+)‐tronocarpine. The [6.5.7.6.6] pentacyclic core was constructed at an early stage by using a sequential cyclization strategy through a newly developed catalytic asymmetric Michael/aldol cascade to build the aza[3.3.1]‐bridged cycle and a tandem reduction/hemiamidation procedure to assemble the seven‐membered lactam. The side‐chain functionalities were incorporated at a late stage by several appropriately orchestrated manipulations under mild conditions. The synthesis of enantiomerically pure (+)‐tronocarpine was achieved through a 20‐step longest linear sequence from tryptamine.
CO2 methanation over nickel‐based catalysts prepared by citric acid complexation method
Authors: Hui Yajun , Ullah Niamat , Zhang Lijuan , Li Zhenhua
Published: December 2019

Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methane can not only achieve the recycling of carbon resources, but also effectively meet the increasing demand for natural gas. In this paper, Ni‐based catalysts on different supports including ZrO2, CeO2 and Al2O3 were synthesized using citric acid complexation method and their CO2 methanation performances were tested. Among these catalysts, the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst achieved the best CO2 methanation activity. The catalysts were characterized by N2‐physisorption, XRD, H2‐TPR and H2‐TPD. The results indicate that the superiority of the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst can be mainly ascribed to its not only high Ni dispersion but also high reduction degree. Since the reduction degree of Ni/Al2O3 is low, it exhibits poor activity. The preparation condition for the Ni/ZrO2 catalyst was further optimized. The result shows that at molar ratio of citric acid to Ni ions of 3, the catalyst exhibits the best activity owing to the highest Ni dispersion, the largest Ni surface area, an appropriate metal‐support interaction and the most moderate basic sites.
Improved Stability and Photodynamic Activity of Water‐Soluble 5,15‐Diazaporphyrins Incorporated in β‐(1,3‐1,6)‐d‐Glucan with On‐Off Switch
Authors: Hino Shodai , Satake Shuhei , Shinmori Hideyuki , Kawabata Shigeki , Koumoto Kazuya , Suzuki Toshio , Nagasaki Takeshi , Sugikawa Kouta , Kawasaki Riku , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: December 2019

5,15‐Diazaporphyrins, which have a large absorption at wavelengths over 600 nm, were dissolved in water by complex formation with β‐(1,3‐1,6)‐d‐glucans. Aqueous solutions of these complexes were relatively stable compared with their trimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐complexed analogues. β‐Glucan‐complexed diazaporphyrins showed quenched fluorescence and had low singlet‐oxygen‐generation abilities owing to random self‐aggregation. However, external stimuli, such as the presence of liposomes or intracellular uptake, restored the fluorescence and singlet‐oxygen‐generation abilities of β‐glucan‐complexed diazaporphyrins. Consequently, β‐glucan‐complexed diazaporphyrins showed very high photodynamic activities toward HeLa cells.
Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der LIBS‐Analyse für Stahlbeton
Authors: Kapteina Gesa , Langer Christoph , Illguth Marcus
Published: December 2019

Ist ein Stahlbetonbauteil instand zu setzen, so ist die Grundlage für eine sachgerechte Instandsetzungsplanung die Klärung der Schadensursache und des ‐umfangs. Wurde der festgestellte Schaden durch eingedrungene Substanzen hervorgerufen, werden am Bauwerk i. d. R. Proben entnommen und im Labor nasschemisch untersucht. Dabei hängt die örtliche Auflösegenauigkeit direkt vom Beprobungs‐ und Analyseaufwand ab. Durch die sog. LIBS‐Analyse ist es möglich, vergleichsweise schnell die Elementverteilung an einer Messfläche von Probekörpern zu ermitteln und diese Informationen anschaulich darzustellen. Die hoch aufgelösten grafischen Auswertungen unterstützen die Darstellung ggf. komplexerer Sachverhalte, sodass diese auch für fachfremde Beteiligte wie Eigentümer/Auftraggeber leichter nachvollziehbar werden. Dies kann bei notwendigen, ggf. kostenintensiven Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen zur Verdeutlichung der Relevanz hilfreich sein. Auch im Rahmen der Forschung kann die Kombination einer hohen Informationsdichte in Verbindung mit der schnellen Messmethode und einem geringen Präparationsaufwand der Probe hilfreich sein, um den heterogenen Baustoff Beton abzubilden und den darin stattfindenden Ionentransport genauer nachzuvollziehen.
Autoimmune musicogenic epilepsy associated with anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies and Stiff‐person syndrome
Authors: Jesus‐Ribeiro Joana , Bozorgi Alireza , Alkhaldi Modhi , Shaqfeh Mahmoud , Fernandez‐Baca Vaca Guadalupe , Katirji Bashar
Published: December 2019

Epilepsy should be suspected in patients with Stiff‐person syndrome and new onset paroxysmal episodes. Musicogenic epilepsy may be a manifestation of anti‐GAD‐Ab spectrum, supporting an autoimmune workup in these patients. Appropriate treatment is not well established, and immunotherapy should be considered in patients with only partial response to antiepileptic drugs.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐Aminoanilines with Isonitriles: Facile Access to 2‐Aminobenzimidazoles
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Morgan Sarah , Hoover Jessica M.
Published: December 2019

A ligand‐ and additive‐free aerobic cobalt‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐aminobenzimidazoles from 2‐aminoanilines was developed. A variety of aminoanilines and isonitriles undergo efficient coupling to furnish substituted 2‐aminobenzimidazoles in moderate to excellent yields. This protocol enables efficient access to the unsubstituted 2‐aminobenzimidazoles.
Exploiting Ternary Solubility Phase Diagrams for Resolution of Enantiomers: An Instructive Example
Authors: Cascella Francesca , Seidel-Morgenstern Andreas , Lorenz Heike
Published: December 2019

Ternary phase diagrams are essential research tools in several scientific fields. They provide fundamental understanding and guidance in designing separation experiments. While their utility and relevance is undisputed in the chemical and chemical engineering community, yet much progress remains to be done in understanding and exploiting ternary phase diagrams for crystallization‐based chiral separation purposes. A guide in the interpretation of the ternary solubility phase diagram of a chiral molecule to design the separation of its enantiomers is provided. On the basis of the discussion of fundamental relationships in the phase diagram, basic enantioseparation experiments are performed forD‐/L‐methionine in water exploiting the characteristic shift of the eutectic composition in the chiral system. The rational approach followed in separation process design is described together with the experimental procedures applied and the results obtained.
Processing of fiber‐reinforced ultra‐high temperature ceramic composites: A review
Authors: Rueschhoff Lisa M. , Carney Carmen M. , Apostolov Zlatomir D. , Cinibulk Michael K.
Published: December 2019

Ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) have emerged as promising materials for high‐temperature aerospace applications due to their high melting temperature and superior ablation performance. Even still, they have yet to reach their full potential due to the catastrophic brittle failure that typically accompanies the intrinsic low fracture toughness of ceramic materials. Therefore, the emerging field of UHTC ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs) offers the toughness benefits of a composite with the high temperature stability of UHTCs. Here, we outline work in the last decade on the processing of UHTCs with a reinforcing fiber phase for enhanced fracture toughness. Included are fibers of both carbon and silicon carbide composition in both continuous and chopped fiber lengths. Particular emphasis is given to emerging research from the last few years to highlight novel developments.
Room Temperature Al18F Labeling of 2‐Aminomethylpiperidine‐Based Chelators for PET Imaging
Authors: Russelli Lisa , Martinelli Jonathan , De Rose Francesco , Reder Sybille , Herz Michael , Schwaiger Markus , Weber Wolfgang , Tei Lorenzo , D'Alessandria Calogero
Published: December 2019

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non‐invasive molecular imaging technology that is constantly expanding, with a high demand for specific antibody‐derived imaging probes. The use of tracers based on temperature‐sensitive molecules (i. e. Fab, svFab, nanobodies) is increasing and has led us to design a class of chelators based on the structure of 2‐aminomethylpiperidine (AMP) with acetic and/or hydroxybenzyl pendant arms (2‐AMPTA, NHB‐2‐AMPDA, and 2‐AMPDA‐HB), which were investigated as such for {Al18F}2+‐core chelation efficiency. All the compounds were characterized by HPLC‐MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The AlF‐18 labeling reactions were performed under various conditions (pH/temperature), and the radiolabeled chelates were purified and characterized by radio‐TLC and radio‐HPLC. The stability of labeled chelates was investigated up to 240 min in human serum (HS), EDTA 5 mM, PBS and 0.9 % NaCl solutions. The in vivo stability of [Al18F(2‐AMPDA‐HB)]− was assessed in healthy nude mice (n=6). Radiochemical yields between 55 % and 81 % were obtained at pH 5 and room temperature. High stability in HS was measured for [Al18F(2‐AMPDA‐HB)]−, with 90 % of F‐18 complexed after 120 min. High stability in vivo, rapid hepatobiliary and renal excretion, with low accumulation of free F‐18 in bones were measured. Thus, this new Al18F‐chelator may have a great impact on immuno‐PET radiopharmacy, by facilitating the development of new fluorine‐18‐labeled heat‐sensitive biomolecules.
Impact of performance status on treatment outcomes: A real‐world study of advanced urothelial cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Khaki Ali Raza , Li Ang , Diamantopoulos Leonidas N. , Bilen Mehmet A. , Santos Victor , Esther John , Morales‐Barrera Rafael , Devitt Michael , Nelson Ariel , Hoimes Christopher J. , Shreck Evan , Assi Hussein , Gartrell Benjamin A. , Sankin Alex , Rodriguez‐Vida Alejo , Lythgoe Mark , Pinato David J. , Drakaki Alexandra , Joshi Monika , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Hahn Noah , Liu Sandy , Alonso Buznego Lucia , Duran Ignacio , Moses Marcus , Jain Jayanshu , Murgic Jure , Baratam Praneeth , Barata Pedro , Tripathi Abhishek , Zakharia Yousef , Galsky Matthew D. , Sonpavde Guru , Yu Evan Y. , Shankaran Veena , Lyman Gary H. , Grivas Petros
Published: December 2019

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent an appealing treatment for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) and a poor performance status (PS). However, the benefit of ICIs for patients with a poor PS remains unknown. It was hypothesized that a poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS (≥2 vs 0‐1) would correlate with shorter overall survival (OS) in patients receiving ICIs.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, clinicopathologic, treatment, and outcome data were collected for patients with aUC who were treated with ICIs at 18 institutions (2013‐2019). The overall response rate (ORR) and OS were compared for patients with an ECOG PS of 0 to 1 and patients with an ECOG PS ≥ 2 at ICI initiation. The association between a new ICI in the last 30 and 90 days of life (DOL) and death location was also tested.

Results

Of the 519 patients treated with ICIs, 395 and 384 were included in OS and ORR analyses, respectively, with 26% and 24% having a PS ≥ 2. OS was higher in those with a PS of 0 to 1 than those with a PS ≥ 2 who were treated in the first line (median, 15.2 vs 7.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; P = .01) but not in subsequent lines (median, 9.8 vs 8.2 months; HR, 0.78; P = .27). ORRs were similar for patients with a PS of 0 to 1 and patients with a PS ≥ 2 in both lines. Of the 288 patients who died, 10% and 32% started ICIs in the last 30 and 90 DOL, respectively. ICI initiation in the last 30 DOL was associated with increased odds of death in a hospital (odds ratio, 2.89; P = .04).

Conclusions

Despite comparable ORRs, ICIs may not overcome the negative prognostic role of a poor PS, particularly in the first‐line setting, and the initiation of ICIs in the last 30 DOL was associated with hospital death location.
Simple and Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of Electrode Materials and Their Performance in High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Barbosa Lucía , Luna‐Lama Fernando , González Peña Yarivith , Caballero Alvaro
Published: December 2019

The huge consumption of rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) make it necessary to recover and reuse the different components of spent batteries, thus favoring sustainable development. Graphite is a critical material in the manufacture of the current LIBs so recycling it should be prioritized in the management of spent batteries. In this work, graphite is manually recovered from spent batteries used in smartphones. The impurities from the different components of the batteries are drastically reduced by simple leaching with HCl. This treatment significantly improves the delivered specific capacity, with average values of 300 and 390 mAh g−1 without and with leaching, respectively. To test recycled graphite as an anode material in real cells, it is paired with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, the most promising cathode material for high‐voltage batteries. LiCl, produced directly by chlorination of spodumene, is used as the Li source to obtain the spinel sample. The real cell gives satisfactory values for both initial specific capacity (100 mAh g−1) and capacity retention after 100 cycles. These results are comparable to and in some cases even better than those for cells that use commercial graphite and conventional Li sources as primary raw materials. Moreover, the cell shows good performance during the rate capability test; the delivered capacity values decrease smoothly from 73 to 62 mAh g−1 while the rate increases from 0.1 to 1 C.
One‐Pot Synthesis of a Copolymer Micelle Crosslinked Binder with Multiple Lithium‐Ion Diffusion Pathways for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Rongnan , Zhang Shunlong , Wang Jianli , Ying Hangjun , Han Weiqiang
Published: December 2019

Fast lithium‐ion diffusion is very important to obtain high capacity and excellent cycling stability of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this study, a copolymer micelle crosslinked binder (FNA) for lithium–sulfur batteries was successfully synthesized through a one‐pot environmentally friendly approach. The micelles were used as crosslinkers and carriers for the electrolyte. The FNA binder provided multiple lithium‐ion diffusion pathways to increase the lithium‐ion diffusion, which reduced the polarization of the sulfur cathode during the cycling process. The lithium‐ion diffusion pathways of the FNA were provided by the electrolyte hosted in the micelles, the polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide segments, and the carboxylate and sulfonate groups in the FNA. In addition, FNA possesses strong lithium polysulfides adsorption and high adhesion properties. Therefore, the electrode with the FNA binder presented a reversible capacity of 571 mAh g−1 with a capacity fade of 0.032 % after 1000 cycles at a cycling rate of 0.5 C, which is much higher than those of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sulfur cathode.
Haftverhalten eines textilbewehrten Mörtels für Porenbeton‐Mauerwerk
Authors: Miccoli Lorenzo , Scotta Roberto , Trutalli Davide , Brandolese Sara , Miliani Alessandro
Published: December 2019

The bond behaviour of a textile reinforced mortar (TRM) applied to autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry has been evaluated experimentally. The TRM is composed of a glass‐fibre mesh combined with a cementitious mortar and is intended to strengthen AAC masonry walls subjected to out‐of‐plane bending during an earthquake. The main components have been characterized with preliminary tests. Then, pull‐off and shear bond tests have been performed to determine the bonding properties of the TRM applied to the AAC substrate. Three types of AAC blocks have been used, which differ in the bulk density and compressive strength, to evaluate possible variation in the bond strength. The results of the experimental campaign have shown a good performance of the strengthening system. In most cases, the bonding between TRM and masonry was maintained up to tensile failure of the dry textile. As expected, the masonry samples realized using AAC blocks with a higher bulk density showed better performances. The paper presents and discusses main test results, providing background data for future recommendations for the use of the analysed strengthening system in AAC masonry structures.
Combined effects of temperature, salinity, and diet simulating upwelling and nonupwelling seasons alter life‐history characteristics of a tropical invertebrate
Authors: Camargo‐Cely Alejandra , Collin Rachel
Published: December 2019

Upwelling is known to affect the ecology and life history of temperate nearshore organisms, and these effects are thought to be mediated by changes in temperature and food supply. However, little information is available for tropical systems. To understand how changes in the intensity of upwelling might impact marine invertebrates, we tested how factorial combinations of temperature, salinity, and phytoplankton availability affected growth and reproduction of a common intertidal snail, Crepidula cf. marginalis. We used temperatures typical of nonupwelling (29°C), moderate (26°C) and severe (23°C) upwelling, salinities typical of nonupwelling (30 ppt) and upwelling (34 ppt) and a good diet (Isochrysis) and a better diet (Isochrysis and Tetraselmis) as a proxy for increased productivity during upwelling. Overall, temperature and diet had consistent effects on body size, with better food and lower temperatures promoting larger size, as well as promoting shorter time to first reproduction. Diet had the largest effects on clutch size, with clutch size increasing with better diet. Temperature had the largest effect on offspring size and the frequency of discarded broods; offspring size decreased with increasing temperature and the frequency of discarded broods also decreased with increasing temperatures. We found no significant 3rd order interactions and few significant strong 2nd order interactions, which have often been found in similar experimental studies using stressful treatments. For this tropical slipper limpet, the effect of higher food and cooler temperatures during upwelling appears to be positive, promoting higher growth rates, larger clutch sizes, and larger offspring size suggesting that both factors likely play an important role underlying reproductive responses to upwelling. Climatic changes, like El Niño, which suppress upwelling in the Bay of Panama, appear likely to negatively impact this species.