bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of two-way and offline coupled WRF v3.4 and CMAQ v5.0.2 over the contiguous US: performance evaluation and impacts of chemistry–meteorology feedbacks on air quality
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhang Yang , Yu Shaocai , Wong David C. , Pleim Jonathan , Mathur Rohit , Kelly James T. , Bell Michelle
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model has been developed to more
realistically represent the atmosphere by accounting for complex
chemistry–meteorology feedbacks. In this study, we present a comparative
analysis of two-way (with consideration of both aerosol direct and indirect
effects) and offline coupled WRF v3.4 and CMAQ v5.0.2 over the contiguous
US. Long-term (5 years from 2008 to 2012) simulations using WRF-CMAQ with both
offline and two-way coupling modes are carried out with anthropogenic
emissions based on multiple years of the U.S. National Emission Inventory
and chemical initial and boundary conditions derived from an advanced Earth
system model (i.e., a modified version of the Community Earth System
Model/Community Atmospheric Model). The comprehensive model evaluations show that both two-way WRF-CMAQ and WRF-only simulations perform well for major
meteorological variables such as temperature at 2 m, relative humidity at 2 m, wind speed at 10 m, precipitation (except for against the National Climatic Data Center data), and shortwave and longwave radiation. Both two-way and offline CMAQ also show good performance for ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Due to the consideration of aerosol
direct and indirect effects, two-way WRF-CMAQ shows improved performance
over offline coupled WRF and CMAQ in terms of spatiotemporal distributions
and statistics, especially for radiation, cloud forcing, O3, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, elemental carbon, tropospheric O3 residual, and column nitrogen dioxide (NO2). For example, the mean biases have been reduced by more than 10 W m−2 for shortwave radiation and cloud radiative forcing and by more than 2 ppb for max 8 h
O3. However, relatively large biases still exist for cloud predictions,
some PM2.5 species, and PM10 that warrant follow-up studies to
better understand those issues. The impacts of chemistry–meteorological
feedbacks are found to play important roles in affecting regional air
quality in the US by reducing domain-average concentrations of carbon
monoxide (CO), O3, nitrogen oxide (NOx), volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), and PM2.5 by 3.1 % (up to 27.8 %), 4.2 % (up to
16.2 %), 6.6 % (up to 50.9 %), 5.8 % (up to 46.6 %), and 8.6 %
(up to 49.1 %), respectively, mainly due to reduced radiation,
temperature, and wind speed. The overall performance of the two-way coupled
WRF-CMAQ model achieved in this work is generally good or satisfactory and
the improved performance for two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ should be considered
along with other factors in developing future model applications to inform
policy making.
Myofunctional therapy and orthognathic surgery
Authors: Altmann Elisa
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This article proposes a standardized method for myofunctional evaluation and treatment for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Patients selected for surgery typically exhibit a malocclusion or facial disharmony due to abnormal bone development. [excerpt]
Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery, together with orthodontic treatment to align the teeth, provide a harmonious maxillomandibular relationship. Surgery and orthodontics also improve the relationship between the bones and soft tissues. There is an anatomical and aesthetic improvement. However, function in itself is not modified. If the individual has hypotonic lips and tongue thrust, these conditions will persist after surgery. The anatomic harmony of the face will improve function, but it will not solve the problem completely. Myofunctional therapy adds a new dimension to orthognathic surgery. The functional aspects have begun to receive their due value. Some surgical techniques have also become revised in view of a new understanding of physiology, and the once common relapses due to muscle imbalances can now be avoided. The main goal of myofunctional therapy for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery is to restore normal function and to obtain muscular static and dynamic equilibrium. A successful stable outcome from the surgical, orthodontic, and myofunctional treatments has a great impact on the patient's psychological well-being. Myofunctional therapy's relationship to orthognathic surgery is a field ripe for future research.
Las carreras eclesiásticas en la España moderna: ¿vocación o modo de vida?
Authors: Morgado García Arturo
Published: November 2021

Se intenta realizar un análisis de las carreras eclesiásticas en la España moderna, determinando el peso del factor vocacional, e incidiendo en las posibles renuncias que podía conllevar el sacerdocio.
Disciplina, conflicto, violencia y honor: la jurisdicción interna del cabildo catedralicio de Santiago de Compostela (1465-1602)
Authors: Iglesias Ortega Arturo
Published: November 2021

El cabildo de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela gozaba de competencias jurisdiccionales que entraron en conflicto con las limitaciones que su arzobispo trató de imponer desde el fin de la Edad Media. Partiendo de las actas capitulares y los protocolos notariales, analizamos la evolución de los delitos de violencia e indisciplina cometidos por el personal catedralicio juzgados a través de la vía capitular de corrección y punición denominada Beate Jacobe para comprobar los efectos del Concilio de Trento.
Una mesocracia eclesiástica. El peso de la medianía social en los cabildos andaluces en el siglo XVII
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Antonio J.
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza la composición social de los cabildos catedrales andaluces en el siglo XVII, esto es, los orígenes socioeconómicos de sus miembros. Se toma como casos de estudios para ello las ciudades de Sevilla, Córdoba y Cádiz, que son comparadas con el reino de Granada. El objetivo es valorar la significación que tuvo en estos espacios de élite la medianía social.
Martínez Carro, Elena y Ulla Lorenzo, Alejandra (eds.), Ámbitos artísticos y literarios de sociabilidad en los Siglos de Oro, Kassel, Edition Reichenberger, 2020, 382 págs. ISBN: 9783967280050
Authors: Albert Mechthild
Published: November 2021

Reseña de la obra de Martínez Carro, Elena y Ulla Lorenzo, Alejandra (eds.), Ámbitos artísticos y literarios de sociabilidad en los Siglos de Oro, Kassel, Edition Reichenberger, 2020, 382 págs. ISBN: 9783967280050
El viaje de Garcilaso de la Vega a España en el verano de 1534: documentos e implicaciones políticas desconocidas
Authors: Nievas Rojas Adalid
Published: November 2021

Gracias a la recuperación de documentos olvidados, ignorados o desconocidos, la presente nota reconstruye el itinerario, el sentido y las implicaciones políticas y personales del viaje de ida y vuelta que realizó Garcilaso de la Vega como correo de máxima confianza de Pedro de Toledo en el verano-otoño de 1534, de Italia a España y de España a Italia, para informar al Emperador en persona de los desastres que había provocado la armada de Barbarroja en las costas italianas.
Decreasing the Weight-Size Parameters of Gas-Steam Turbine Plant by Increasing the Efficiency of Thermodynamic Processes in the Condenser
Authors:   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Ukraine, Bortsov Aleksandr , Shevtsov Anatoliy ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is decreasing the weight-size parameters of the contact gas-steam turbine plant and contact condenser elements by increasing the efficiency of thermal-gas dynamic processes of condensation through rational irrigation of countercurrent gas-steam flow. To achieve the goal the total efficiency of water-return drops ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm at different initial velocities from 5 to 35 m/s emitted by the multi-nozzle sprinkler was determined by mathematical modeling of the liquid droplet movement processes, heat and mass transfer between the liquid droplet and gas-vapor mixture, and gas-vapor mixture pressure loss. The effect of increasing the gas-steam mixture velocity from 3.3 to 6 m/s on the overall efficiency of water return was determined. The novelty of the obtained results was defined by an increase in the water return into cycle from 12 to 13% with a droplet diameter of 0.3 -- 0.4 mm and the initial velocity from the sprinkler of 5--10 m/s. The velocity of the mixture was to 6 m/s at rational correlations of the initial velocity of the droplets’ escape, which increased the total amount of heat withdrawn to 11%. The positive effect conditions of irrigation processes on thermogasdynamic and weight-size parameters of the condenser elements for the contact gas and steam turbine plant at full pressure recovery coefficients of over 0.967 were substantiated. The most significant result was the reduction of the weight-size parameters of the marine infrastructure object power plant from 8 to 19%.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Combustion Process of Sawdust in a Vortex Furnace with Counter-Swirling Flows
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, Dzhyoiev Rafael , Redko Andrei ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, Redko Igori ,   Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, Ukraine, Pivnenko Iuryi ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, Burda Iuryi ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, Gvozdetskii Aleksandr ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine, Alforov Sergey ,   Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work is to study the working processes of burning the low-quality fuels, namely, the saw dust in the swirling-type furnaces with an opposite twisted motion of the air. The goal was achieved using the physical and mathematical modeling of the flows interaction. The article presented the results of numerical study of aerodynamic characteristics of burning the saw dust in the swirling-type furnace with the opposite twisted air flows. For the research, the facility was used for the saw dust burning with the air supply into the lower and upper zones of burning. The most essential result of the work was modeling of the working process at the ratio of the flows of the primary air and secondary air without the fuel admixture, equal to 0.2. The tangential rate of the flow changed according to the horizontal sections from 3-5 m/s to 40-42 m/s and with respect to the furnace height from 51 m/s to 30 m/s. The average angular rate of the mixture changed relatively the furnace height in the ranges of 171-500 l/s to 100—300 l/s. The significance of the results obtained consists in determination of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the work of the furnace facilities at the expense of the introduction of the primary and secondary air flows. In this situation, the optimal ratio of consumptions of primary and secondary air was 0.2. Thus, in this work the consumption of primary air was 1.285 kg/s, the consumption of the secondary air was 0.255 kg/s.
უჯარმის ციხე-ქალაქში აღმოჩენილი სასუფრე კერამიკის ადრეული ნაწილის დათრიღებისათვის
Authors: Soziashvili Irakli
Published: November 2021

This arthicl is about of early medievel ceramic, founded in ujarma castle. Ujarma castle is situated in eastern Georgia, on the right side of river Iori. Castle was excavated in 1950-52 by Giorgi lomtatidze. Founded material was publeshed in 1989, but unfortunatly, in publication materials was not divided by layers and peroids and not fotofixed properly. In this article from all ceramic fragments founded in this settlmant we choosed material dated early medievel period. We also find parallel materials for them and fotofixed. There are choosed totaly 36 ceramic fragments, among them we can marking out: 16 jag and 2 bowl, all another fragments are unfigured and were assign to early medeval period by color, consistuent and surface treatment. Signs for ceramic created for defferent purpose are defferent: for tableware ceramic was used better shaped and well burned, reddish, red or strow-colored ones. In the other hand for kitchen was used rud, dark colored ceramic with meny mixed minerals in clay. Somtimes surface of the ceramic is somoothened, somtimes pottery can be covered with red dye, but generaly ceramic is little bit downgraded, in decoradion, compear to previous, roman, period. Paralel materials for those ceramic we can finde in all territory of georgia and caucasian region. Outside of geogia paralels are finde in azerbaijan and in north shore of black sea, scattering ceramic in this way is common thing for medievel archaeology, kingdom of kartli was widly involved in international trade, so finding exported materials on the teritory of kartli kingdom as kartlian materials outside of kingdom is normal appearance.
Sosialisasi Program Bersih Pantai dan Edukasi Kepada Masyarakat Lingkungan Pantai Bali Lestari Desa Pantai Cermin Kanan
Authors: Astika Wanhar Fira , Widodo Hadi
Published: November 2021

Desa Pantai Cermin Kanan yang memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan jika program-program yang ada pada pemerintah dapat ditindak lanjuti secara bersama-sama oleh pemerintah, masyarakat dan perguruan tinggi. Desa Pantai Cermin Kanan dimiliki letak demografi dan topografi yang sangat mendukung kegiatan dan aktivitas kepariwisataan seperti wisata bahari, penyediaan sarana perhotelan dan pantai yang berpasir putih sangat diminati untuk dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Kesadaran masyarakat khususnya pengunjung Pantai Bali Lestari Desa Pantai Cermin Kanan akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan masih sangat kurang karena  masih ada masyarakat yang membuang sampah sembarangan terutama sampah plastik bekas pembungkus makanan yang dibiarkan berserakan di sekitar pantai. Pentingnya pemahaman konsep Tri Hita Karana bagi masyarakat sejak dini sehingga kebersihan lingkungan dpaat dinikmati oleh semua masyarakat serta kemamfaatan umum dapat dicapai melalui sosialisasi dan aksi sosial kebersihan lingkungan. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat yang tim lakukan banyak sekali dampaknya Pertama, selama berlangsungnya pengabdian, masyarakat sempat antusias berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan sosialisasi dan aksi social kebersihan pantai yang dilakukan oleh tim pelaksana pengabdian dari awal sampai berakhirnya acara. Pada dasarnya masyarakat menyadari akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan pantai guna melestarikan lingkungan dan meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan. Namun dalam pelaksanaan meningkatkan pemahaman tersebut dibutuhkan motivasi lebih lanjut baik dari pemerintah maupun dari organisasi pecinta lingkungan
ANALISIS KINERJA KOMPOR BRIKET DITINJAU DARI VARIASI UDARA MASUK DAN JUMLAH LUBANG PADA RUANG BAKAR
Authors: Arrahma Defy Zuni , Aryani Tasya Nuria , Febriana Ida , Bow Yohandri , Suci Ningsih Aisyah
Published: November 2021

Briket merupakan salah satu alternatif bahan bakar yang berasal dari batu bara, serbuk kayu gergaji, dan tandan kelapa sawit yang bisa dijadikan bahan bakar padat. Kompor briket adalah alat pemanfaatan yang dikhususkan untuk beberapa briket sebagai alat bakar skala rumah tangga. Kompor briket juga menjadi salah satu solusi terbaik dalam meningkatkan sistem pembakaran briket selama ini yang masih kurang diminati dan perlakuannya masih tradisional.  Pada rancangan kompor biobriket digunakan penambahan fan untuk meingkatkan efisiensi dari alat itu sendiri. Kinerja dari kompor biobriket sangat dipengaruhi oleh aliran udara yang masuk sebagai penunjang proses pembakaran. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan desain kompor biobriket terbaik melalui uji eksperimental prototype kompor biobriket dengan memvariasikan kecepatan udara masuk yaitu tanpa fan (natural draft), 6 m/s, dan 8,3 m/s dan setiap variasi kecepatan tersebut memvariasikan jumlah lubang dari ruang bakar kompor biobriket itu sendiri yakni 71, 63, dan 55. Efisiensi kompor briket menggunakan briket arang tempurung kelapa berkisar 10,14% - 24,10% dimana yang terkecil berasal dari natural draft lubang 55 dan yang terbesar berasal dari kecepatan fan 8,3 m/s dengan lubang sebanyak 63. Untuk lubang 71 pada kecepatan fan 8,3 m/s memiliki nilai terbaik dengan start-up time selama 44 detik dan boiling time selama 300 detik. Untuk FCR terendah didapatkan pada natural draft dengan lubang 55 yaitu sebesar 1,312 kg/jam karena udara masuk memengaruhi jumlah bahan bakar yang terbakar.
The Thorny Destiny of the Bessarabian Migrant in Current Prose
Authors:   ", Cenusa Felicia ,   Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu",   Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

In this study the author refers not only to the topic of illegal emigration, particularly to the issue of human trafficking, reflected in the novels written by Liliana Corobca and Stela Branzeanu – two writers from the Republic of Moldova, but also to the way this phenomenon is reflected in the novels of other writers whose protagonists represent the current situation in Bessarabia. The novels do simply offer solutions to the situation in which the characters are, but they tend to make the reading public aware of illegal migration and human trafficking as well as to draw attention to the identity problems in the Republic of Moldova. The authors focus more on the subject and less on the aesthetic finality or on the architecture of the writings, their focus is basically the dialogues, the direct discourse, which is rather journalistic, as well as the simplification of the lexical props, following the desideratum of accessibility and sensitization of the reader.
A Brief Outlook at the Research Directions of Motivology, a New Linguistic Discipline
Authors:   ", Savin-Zgardan Angela ,   Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu",   Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

In this article the author, for the first time in Romanian linguistics, attempts to explain the basic directions in studying a new linguistic discipline, Motivology, and the use of terms characteristic of this new discipline, some of which are translated or updated by the author in order that the former cold be introduced into the Romanian linguistic circulation. The motivational relationships of words and stable polylexical units make up linguistic universality; they cover almost all lexical and polylexical units in language, leaving out of their "influence" an insignificant percentage of "singular" language units. Motivology as a science dates back to the 1970s. This study outlines the research areas on lexical and structural motivation, the internal form of the glottic unit, the types of motivation of lexical and polylexical units, motivational relationships as a type of systemic relationships in lexis, motivation in a text and metatext, motivational paradigm, motivation of words and stable polylexical units as a lexical phenomenon, etc.
Surnames Derived from Pastoral Terminology
Authors:   Craiova University, Romania, Oanca Teodor
Published: November 2021

Growing cattle and especially sheep was one of the main traditional Romanian occupations. Some of the terms used in this field became nicknames and later surnames. The Romanian anthroponymic database includes such surnames (listed in the Annex) and specifies the distribution of the bearers by county and region.
Turturica ‒ the Bird of Existential Predestination in the Short-Story Epic
Authors:   ", Butnaru Tatiana ,   Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu",   Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the ballad Amărâta turturică (The Embittered Dove) in accordance with the symbolism of this bird in folk environments, being presented in different situations and existential hypostases, in accordance with the allegory of human destiny. The image-symbol "embtittered dove" is put at the service of remedying different contradictory states and feelings, depicting the drama of an existential destiny, marked by falls and inner collapses. The ballad about the widowed dove is related to a series of motifs and renders a "synthesis of symbols", tangent to the archetypal significance of some bird topos in our ritual folklore, to foreshadow the culmination of serious existential feelings. As metaphors of predestination, both the hunter and the dove express some tragic entities of human life, outline the meaning of a polarized destiny, marked by inner contradictions, deepen the idea of nostalgic loneliness in the face of irreversible passage.
An overview of the Open Scene of the Village and the World
Authors:   ", Filip Iulian ,   Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu",   Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

What should a book about theater look like? How about the one about a category of theatrical performances in the ethnological dimension? Research project of the Institute of Romanian Philology B. P. Hasdeu stimulates research into socio-cultural contexts and European connections, and Eugeniu Coseriu urges us to open up universally - each with his own field of research. In the sub-theme National Folklore Corpus, the popular (folkloric) theater is my area of expertise and the Latin phrase Theatrum mundi = The spectacle of the world. The world seen as a spectacle it is the universal concept of theatricality. The definite sign of the theater is the character. In illo tempore, man invented an incredible, saving theater, modeling fictional characters from the most abundant matter - from what he did not know, out of ignorance. For phenomena that man could not explain in the beginning, he shaped ... spirits, supernatural beings, elves. The nebula of imaginary characters fell into two broad categories – the good and the evil ones. In order to understand the diversity of masks and clothing of modern times, it is imperative to accept a scaffolding of archetypal dichotomies, resulting from this modeling of beginnings: life - death, good - evil, beauty - ugly, God - Satan, love - hate , wealth - poverty, Christ - Herod, the wise – the stupid ... All the characters - not just from the theater of any kind - are derived from these archetypal dichotomies, and the triggering axial motives, in which it manifests itself in tension, are love, fertility, fecundity, disease, healing, death, resurrection. The Romanian folk theater is part of the same spectacle of the world, and the eternal scene is on the doorstep of the house with a spinster to be married. More important deduction - this is also the engine that sets the characters and the scene in motion: the love that moves the sky and ... the scene.
RANCANGAN PENGABDIAN DALAM PEMBUATAN TEMPAT TIDUR TINGKAT TERINTEGRASI MEJA BELAJAR DI PONDOK PESANTREN
Authors: Surojo Eko , Triyono Teguh , Muhayat Nurul , Chamim Moch , Margono Bambang , Triyono
Published: November 2021

Pondok Pesantren adalah salah satu jenis tempat pendidikan formal maupun non formal yang selain memberi materi pelajaran agama juga mengajarkan adab hidup sehari-hari sehingga siswa/santri harus menginap di asrama selama proses pendidikan. Untuk itu, selain sarana prasarana pendidikan, pondok pesantren juga harus menyediakan sarana prasarana kehidupan sehari-hari seperti kamar dan tempat tidur, dapur, sarana olah raga dan lain sebagainya. Karena keterbatasan lahan dan bangunan, satu ruang asrama biasanya dihuni oleh 30-40 santri dengan menggunakan tempat tidur bertingkat. Karena ruang kamar asrama yang kurang memadai, santri biasanya belajar, membaca, mengerjakan Tugas Sekolah di atas tempat tidur. Untuk memberi kenyamanan dalam belajar santri, maka meja belajar yang dirancang terintegrasi dengan tempat tidur untuk menghemat ruang sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Rancangan tempat tidur tingkat terintegrasi dengan meja belajar berbahan dasar baja siku yang bisa dibongkar pasang dengan mudah karena system sambungannya dengan mur-baut. Alas tidur bagian bawah bisa dipisah setengah, lalu dilipat ke arah tiang tempat tidur dan meja belajar bisa didapatkan dengan membuka lipatan berikutnya. Desain ini digunakan untuk program pengabdian yang melibatkan kerjasama bengkel las Sumber Rejeki desa Sawahan, Jaten dan Pondok Pesantren Wirausaha Masjid Fatimah Ar Royyan desa Jongkang, Buran, Karanganyar.
Central Composite Design Based Adsorption Study of Malachite Green Dye Using Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Adsorbent
Authors: Shah Abdul Rauf , Tahir Hajira , Kifayatullah Hafiz Muhammad
Published: November 2021

The adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) dye was well studied and elucidated from the liquid phase using reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) nano-adsorbent. The desired levels of the factors were determined to be the amount of adsorbent of 0.2 g/L, pH of 8.5, the concentration of the dye as 100 mg/L and the sonication time of 50 min by Central Composite Design (CCD). The removal of the dye was found to be 95% at the optimum levels of the variables. Furthermore, the removal of the dye was higher at the higher values of the amount of adsorbent and pH. Langmuir and Temkin models were observed significant for rGO-MG dye system. The values of Gibb's free energy, the entropy and the enthalpy were found to be -10.502 KJ/mol, 34.314 KJ/mol and 0.147 KJ/mol.K, respectively. The kinetic data were also found well fitted to pseudo second order kinetics model for the said system. Afterwards, the cost of the process was found to be US$0.654/dm3. Therefore, the adsorption process effectively removed the dye from the simulated aqueous phase using rGO nano-adsorbent.
Climate change and the risk to financial stability; Reality or overreaction?
Authors: Harrison Ian
Published: November 2021

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has identified climate change as a significant risk to the New Zealand financial system, and placed the Reserve Bank at the centre of New Zealand’s climate change response. As the physical effects of climate change are slow-moving and relatively predictable over relevant time horizons, we should expect the financial systems to adapt to this changing world, and readily accommodate the impacts of climate events such as a slowly rising sea levels and the occasional stronger storms. The issue we address in this report is whether climate change is such an exception to this benign adaptation picture, that central banks and supervisors need to respond to the ‘challenge’ with some urgency. Or is this just a case of the Reserve Bank wanting to be seen to be ‘relevant’ and getting into the action in what is one of the biggest issues of our time? We have reviewed a large number of documents and despite the best efforts of many supervisors, none have been able to come up with convincing evidence that climate change represents a threat, let alone a systemic threat. A recent full-scale stress test for France found that the transition costs to a zero carbon economy would at most be four or five basis points and that it did not matter whether the transition was early or late. The physical risks from climate change were so slight that they could not be analysed.

Papers:

- The National climate change risk assessment, A case of science denial? [tailrisk.co.nz June 2021](http://www.tailrisk.co.nz/documents/NCCRAriskassessment.pdf)
- Climate Change and the risk to Financial Stability [tailrisk.co.nz June 2021](http://www.tailrisk.co.nz/documents/ClimatechangeandFinancialStability.pdf)
Cercetări privind îmbunătăţirea sortimentului de cais
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Pintea Maria
Published: November 2021

În articol sunt prezentate unele rezultate privind manifestarea particularităților specifice ale sortimentului de cais local și cel introdus în ultimul timp în condițiile pedoclimatice ale Republicii Moldova. Cele mai favorabile caracteristici țin de adaptabilitate, unități „chilling units” înalte, autocompatibilitate, productivitate sustenabilă și calități înalte ale fructelor.
Declanșarea principalelor fenofaze și calitatea fructelor de zmeur sub influenţa condiţiilor climatice
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Rusnac Cristina
Published: November 2021

În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetărilor referitor la influența condițiilor climatice asupra declanșării principalelor fenofaze și a calității fructelor la zmeur. Cercetările au fost efectuate pe sectorul experimental al laboratorului „Arbuști fructiferi şi căpşun” al Institutului Științifico-Practic de Horticultură și Tehnologii Alimentare în perioada anilor 2018–2020. Materialul biologic utilizat a fost reprezentat de 3 soiuri de zmeur: Delbard Magnific, Rubin bulgăresc, Citria. În urma cercetărilor s-a stabilit că durata medie a fazelor de dezmugurire și înflorire sunt direct influențate de valorile temperaturii în lunile martie–aprilie. De la începutul desfacerii mugurilor și până la începutul înfloririi a trecut o perioadă de 21-65 de zile. Între începutul înfloririi plantelor de zmeur și începutul maturării fructelor a trecut o perioadă de 26-69 de zile. Analiza fructelor a evidențiat faptul că condițiile climatice din anul 2018 au avut o influență pozitivă asupra calității fructelor, și anume: substanțele uscate înregistrate (16,33%) la soiul Rubin bulgăresc, aciditatea titrabilă la soiul Delbard Magnific (4,11%) și conținutul de vitamina C (36,10%) la soiul Delbard Magnific. La indicatorul conținutul de zaharuri, s-a evidențiat anul 2019, când aceste valori au fost cele mai ridicate la soiurile Rubin bulgăresc (6,45%) și Delbard Magnific (5,45%). Anul 2020 s-a caracterizat prin conținut redus de substanțe uscate la toate soiurile ( 8,00–10,06%) și conținut redus de zaharuri ( 3,80–5,33%).
Sporirea valorii nutritive a băuturilor de fructe prin fortificare cu micro- şi macroelemente
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Pirgari Elena , Popel Svetlana ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Parsacova Lidia ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Colesnicenco Alexandra ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Draganova Elena ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Albul Elena ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Vicerova Larisa ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

În lucrare s-a argumentat necesitatea fortificării băuturilor de fructe cu micro- şi macroelemente. S-au selectat cei mai potriviți compuşi ai fierului şi ai calciului pentru fortificare, tipul băuturilor şi s-au argumentat ştiinţific dozele introducerii acidului ascorbic necesare pentru asimilarea fierului. S-a demonstrat necesitatea alegerii tipului de băuturi pentru fortificare în funcție de gradul de limpezire şi selectarea compuşilor macro- şi microelementelor după compatibilitatea cu compoziţia băuturilor. Sunt prezentate rezultatele determinării caracteristicilor organoleptice şi fizico-chimice ale băuturilor fortificate în scopul stabilirii termenului de valabilitate.
Perfecţionarea standardelor naţionale pentru asigurarea Republicii Moldova cu material săditor viticol asanat
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Uritu Dionis , Taran Nicolae ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Ponomariova Irina ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Chiriac Alexandra ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Pirgari Elena ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

Cercetarea reflectă realizările în domeniul producerii, certificării, controlului şi comercializării materialului săditor viticol, cerinţele producătorilor de material săditor viticol şi ale pieţei de desfacere. În lucrare se menţionează importanţa înfiinţării plantaţiilor viticole cu material săditor asanat pentru economia Republicii Moldova şi pentru obținerea unui salt eficient în producerea vinurilor de calitate, precum şi rolul interconexiunii dintre știință, producere, standardizare şi instituţiile de stat în soluţionarea problemelor stringente din domeniul vitivinicol.
Complexul aromatic al vinurilor albe seci din soiuri de struguri de selecţie nouă prin metoda GC-MS
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Scorbanova Elena , Taran Nicolae ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Ponomariova Irina ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Degteari Natalia ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Rinda Parascovia ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Efremov Egor ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

Prin metoda instrumentală modernă de analiză – cromatografia gazoasă cu detector MS – au fost obținute date despre compoziția substanțelor aromatice, care determină proprietățile organoleptice specifice ale vinurilor albe seci din soiurile de struguri de selecție moldovenească: Floricica, Viorica, Riton și Legenda. Extractul dietilic al compușilor aromatici din vinuri a fost studiat la GC-MS în modul de scanare a curentului ionic total – SCAN, pe o coloană capilară Rtx-5MS 30 m x 0,25 mm, 0,25 μm. În extractele dietilice ale vinurilor studiate au fost identificate substanțele aromatice: etilpropionat, izoamilacetat, etilcapronat, β-linalool, etilcaprinat, dietilsuccinat, α-terpineol, β-feniletilacetat, acid caproic, alcool β-feniletilic, acid caprilic. Au fost stabilite cantitățile acestor compuși, caracteristice pentru fiecare soi.
Influenţa condiţiilor climatice asupra dezvoltării unor soiuri de măceș în Republica Moldova
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Sava Parascovia , Gherasimova Elena ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetărilor efectuate referitor la fazele fenologice de dezvoltare a plantelor de măceș la soiurile: Vitaminnîi VNIVI, Voronțovschi în perioada anilor 2016–2018. În urma cercetărilor s-a stabilit că desfacerea mugurilor s-a produs între 01.04 și 10.04, înflorirea – între 05.05 și 15.05, maturarea fructelor – între 10.07 și 18.07. Durata medie dintre fazele de dezmugurire şi înflorire a atins 36-37 de zile, iar dintre fazele de înflorire şi maturare a fructelor aceasta a variat între 61 și 64 de zile. Recolta maximă de 7,5 t/ha a fost obţinută în anul 2016 la soiul Vitaminnîi VNIVI, iar la soiul Voronțovschi II recolta maximă de 7,0 t/ha a fost obţinută în anul 2018. Masa medie a fructului de măceş la soiurile studiate a variat între 0,9 și 1,1 g. Recolta medie a fructelor de măceş la soiurile studiate a variat între 5,7 t/ha (soiul Voronțovschi II) şi 6,2 t/ha (soiul Vitaminnîi).
Valorificarea șrotului din condimente obţinut prin tehnologia de CO2-extracţie
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Migalatiev Olga , Iusan Larisa ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Carelina Marina ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

Prin metoda de CO2-extracție supercritică s-au produs ingrediente aromatizante naturale din amestec de coriandru, ienibahar, cimbru și piper negru, în special extracte liposolubile şi șrot. CO2 șrotul din amestec de condimente a fost utilizat la pregătirea tăițeilor pentru a adăuga arome și a stimula apetitul, fiind adăugat în raport diferit – 1,5%, 3,0% și 5,6%. Odată cu creșterea cantității adăugate de CO2-şrot din amestec de condimente are loc creșterea conținutului total de fibre alimentare și diminuarea valorii energetice a tăițeilor
Screeningul levurilor autohtone și active uscate la fermentarea alcoolică pentru obţinerea vinurilor albe seci
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Taran Nicolae , Soldatenco Olga ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Morari Boris ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Rudoi Alexandru ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Glavan Pavel ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Sandu Vasile ,   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

Cercetările efectuate în condiţii de laborator au demonstrat că utilizarea tulpinilor de levuri autohtone (Meleag, FNFTP-1, CNMN-Y-34) la fermentarea mustului din soiul de struguri Chardonnay permite obţinerea unor vinuri albe seci cu un conținut fizico-chimic optimal, note organoleptice înalte şi nu cedează sub aspect calitativ vinului obținut cu utilizarea LAU de import. Vinurile albe obținute cu utilizarea tulpinilor de levuri autohtone se caracterizează printrun conținut avansat de alcool și un conținut minimal de zaharuri reziduale. Tulpinile de levuri Meleag, FNFTP-1, CNMN-Y-34 au fost calificate drept un material biologic valoros, acestea contribuind la obținerea unor vinuri de calitate ce pot reflecta tipicitatea și potențialul soiurilor specifice.
Introduced European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus in alpine lakes may increase total mercury concentration in brown trout Salmo trutta
Authors: Borgstrøm Reidar , Rognerud Sigurd , Meland Sondre , Rosseland Bjørn Olav
Published: November 2021

In Norway, the cyprinid European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus has been spread far outside its previous natural distribution area, with lots of establishments in mountain lakes where brown trout Salmo trutta originally was the only fish species. We have analysed δ15N and total mercury (THg) concentration in brown trout from eight lakes, situated between 1031 and 1244 m a.s.l. on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, southern Norway. One of the lakes is inhabited by brown trout and European minnow, while in the other seven lakes, brown trout is the only fish species. δ15N of brown trout were significantly higher in the population with co-existing European minnow, indicating a higher trophic position of brown trout in this population than in the allopatric populations, probably caused by piscivory, as indicated by frequent occurrence of European minnow in brown trout diet. The mercury concentrations in brown trout from this lake had values up to around 0.4 mg THg per kg wet weight. The concentrations were significantly higher than in the lakes without European minnow, and together with the δ15N values, indicating that translocation and establishment of European minnow may increase the trophic position of brown trout in previously allopatric populations, and thereby also increase the mercury level.
Q-DEPICT: Qatar Determining Emergency Physician Incidence of COVID-Positive Testing
Authors: Kodumayil Shada A. , Kodumayil Ashid , Thomas Sarah A. , Pathan Sameer A. , Bhutta Zain A. , Qureshi Isma , Azad Aftab , Harris Tim R. , Thomas Stephen H.
Published: November 2021

Despite protective measures such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and a COVID airway management program (CAMP), some emergency physicians will inevitably test positive for COVID. We aim to develop a model predicting weekly numbers of emergency physician COVID converters to aid operations planning.

The data were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) used throughout the national healthcare system. Hamad Medical Corporation's internal emergency medicine workforce data were used as a source of information on emergency physician COVID conversion and numbers of emergency physicians completing CAMP training. The study period included the spring and summer months of 2020 and started on March 7 and ran for 21 whole weeks through July 31. Data were extracted from the system's EMR database into a spreadsheet (Excel, Microsoft, Redmond, USA). The statistical software used for all analyses and plots was Stata (version 16.1 MP, StataCorp, College Station, USA). All data definitions were made a priori.

A total of 35 of 250 emergency physicians (14.0%, 95% CI 9.9%–19.9%) converted to a positive real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the study's 21-week period. Of these. only two were hospitalized for having respiratory-only disease, and none required respiratory support. Both were discharged within a week of admission. The weekly number of newly COVID-positive emergency physicians was zero and was seen in eight of 21 (38.1%) weeks. The peak weekly counts of six emergency physicians with new COVID-positive were seen in week 14. The mean weekly number of newly COVID-positive emergency physicians was 1.7 ± 1.9, and the median was 1 (IQR, 0 to 3).

This study demonstrates that in the State of Qatar's Emergency Department (ED) system, knowing only four parameters allows the reliable prediction of the number of emergency physicians likely to convert COVID PCR tests within the next week. The results also suggest that attention to the details of minimizing endotracheal intubation (ETI) risk can eliminate the expected finding of the association between ETI numbers and emergency physician COVID numbers.
Delta variant of COVID-19: A simple explanation
Authors: Hendaus Mohamed A. , Jomha Fatima A.
Published: November 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has undergone numerous mutations since its initial identification, leading to challenges in controlling the pandemic. Till date, several variants of concern have been identified. However, currently, the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) is the most dreaded one owing to its enhanced transmissibility and increased virulence. In addition, this variant can potentially facilitate fusion of the spike protein to cells or inhibit antibodies from binding to it. In this commentary, we have simplified the complexity of the nomenclature of variants related to COVID-19, concentrating on the Delta variant including its transmissibility, response to vaccines, and prevention.
Anatomical Findings of Renal and Urological Abnormalities in Cardiac Catheterization of Children with congenital heart diseases – A Single Center Experience
Authors: Khalilian Mohammad Reza , Mollatayefeh Abbas , Tahouri Tahmineh , Mahdavi Arash , Dalirani Reza
Published: November 2021

Background and aims: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is described as an abnormality in the heart structure or intra-thoracic great vessels that leads to functional problems. Since most of these disorders require medical and surgical interventions identifying concomitant disorders such as renal and urinary tract abnormalities is of great importance in the management of these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the relative frequency of abnormal kidney and urinary tract findings in abdominal cineangiography during cardiac catheterization of patients with CHD in Shahid Modarres Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center.

Methods: The present study was performed prospectively on 545 patients aged < 18 years with CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization and concurrent abdominal cineangiography in Shahid Modarres Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran during a three-year period. The required data were extracted using a researcher-made questionnaire from patients’ electronic medical files.

Results: Of a total of 545 patients in this study, 26 had both CHD and renal or urinary tract malformation. Patent ductus arteriosus was the most common CHD in patients with renal or urinary tract malformations (odds ratio: 1.2, 95%, CI: 2.25–11.63). In this study, the most common renal and urinary malformations among CHD patients was partial duplication of the kidney followed by Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.Conclusion: Since the prevalence of renal and urinary tract malformations is higher in CHD patients, performance of concurrent abdominal cineangiography during cardiac catheterization may lead to early diagnosis and treatment as well as better pre- and post-operative management of patients.
Tension Pneumomediastinum: A life-threatening condition in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Al Ameri Gamal , Shaheen Muhsen , Abdaljawad Wael I. , Prabhakaran Sujith , Al Wraidat Mohammad , Mohmed Ahmed S. , Khatib Mohamad Y. , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: November 2021

Tension pneumomediastinum (TPM) is a rare but potentially fatal clinical entity. TPM leads to the leakage of air into the mediastinal cavity and increased pressure in thoracic vessels, respiratory tract, and the heart. Herein, this report presents a series of five cases of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and TPM. All patients were male who had severe ARDS with a secondary lung infection that required invasive ventilation and had moderate positive-end expiratory pressure. All patients required vasopressors to maintain hemodynamics, and two patients needed decompression with chest drains. One patient received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy. Three patients had cardiac arrest, and two patients died; thus, the mortality rate was 40%. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS required invasive ventilation and prone positioning. Secondary lung infection can cause TPM, and TPM may cause cardiac arrest. Management should be prompt recognition and decompression with the insertion of drains, and conservative treatment is required in stable cases. Protocols for the management of pneumomediastinum and TPM may enable early detection, earlier management, and prevention of TPM.