bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1172 – Co-occurring Personality Disorders And The Use Of Psychiatric Care
Authors: Kasprzak M. , Kiejna A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Growing number of research concern high prevalence of specific personality disorders among psychiatric patients and influence they have on course or treatment process of co-occurring mental disorders. Moreover personality disordered patients can derive not enough benefits from psychiatric care.

Objectives

Issue being presented is part of doctoral thesis, financed by the Polish National Science Center (decision number DEC-2011/01/N/NZ5/05364). General goal of the research is to observe patients during their hospitalization in regard to compliance with therapeutic procedures from the perspective of co-occurrence of personality disorders. Existing results are not unambiguous, notably with general lack of them in Poland.

Aims

To answer the question whether there are any differences (and what kind of?) in adherence to psychiatric treatment pertaining to personality and co-occurring personality disorders?

Methods

This is a prospective study. 120 patients from 3 psychiatric units have been assessed at the admission (mental state, demographic factors, prior history of treatment, personality) and at the end of hospitalization (adherence to current treatment - interviews with patients and psychiatrists). Among used methods are: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ- R) and self-prepared interviews (corresponding with defined indicators of variables studied). Among controlled variables are primary psychiatric diagnosis (although one of the exclusion criteria are: psychosis or mental retardation).

Results

Data on relation between personality dimensions and disorders and patterns of psychiatric care use will be introduced and discussed.

Conclusions

More adequate treatment proceedings may be needed.
1181 – Short-term Management Of Agitation Associated With Psychotic Or Bipolar Disorders: a Systematic Review
Authors: Dundar Y. , Greenhalgh J.
Published: July 2013

Background

Agitation is a broad term used to describe a cluster of symptoms that may range from mild to severe. It is a common feature of psychotic and bipolar disorders, and can be distressing both emotionally and physically. Patients with agitation are unable to relax and show signs of restlessness such as pacing, pressured speech or shouting. Severely agitated patients are at risk of causing harm to themselves and others. Although milder forms of agitation may be managed with psychological interventions, more severe agitation may need pharmacological treatment.

Objectives

1)

to systematically review the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of pharmacological interventions used to management agitation associated with psychotic or bipolar disorders,

2)

to identify gaps in the research evidence base to inform decisions on research priorities.

Methods

Electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo and The Cochrane Library were searched for relevant published literature of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Predefined inclusion criteria were applied to citations in a two-stage process. Outcome measures included change in agitation levels as measured by accepted standard scales (e.g. PANSS-EC) clinical improvement as measured by The Clinical Global Impression rating scales and treatment emergent adverse effects.

Results

In total, 17 RCTs with a total trial population of 4104 were included in the review. Of these, 11 compared one or more antipsychotics and 6 compared an antipsychotic with a benzodiazepine. Final results of the data synthesis will be reported.

Conclusions

The results of the review will summarise the current evidence base and identify future research needs.
1184 – A Case Of Cotard’s Syndrome Associated With Self-starvation
Authors: Teixeira B. , Almeida T. , Venâncio Â. , Araújo M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In 1880 Cotard introduced the term, “délire de negation”, which referred to nihilistic delusions and has come to be known as Cotard’s syndrome. This condition is thought to be characterized by various degrees of delusional beliefs in which different aspects of existence are negated or experienced from a negative perspective.

Objectives

The historical concept of Cotard’s syndrome, its clinical presentation and treatment is briefly reviewed.

Aims

To report a case study of Cotard’s syndrome associated with self-starvation and to review the concept and clinical features of the condition.

Methods

A detailed clinical history was obtained from several interviews and a literature review of the theme is shortly surveyed.

Results

A woman of 66 years, without any psychiatric history prior 2012, developed a clinical picture of depressed mood and sudden onset of delusions of ruin, ill health, guilt and self-starvation. She believed that her esophagus and stomach were glued together, so that it was not possible for her to ingest any food. She also refused to go outside because she believed she was malodorous (she had olfactory hallucinations). The patient started experiencing these symptoms after her husband’s unexpected death, a few months prior to admission. She was treated with high doses of antidepressants and an antipsychotic.

Conclusions

Cotard’s syndrome in this case study is associated with depression. Attempting to understand individuals with the condition from both a phenomenological as well as biological viewpoint may eventually pave the way for clearer connections between psychological and biological causation of the syndrome.
1201 – Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders With The Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonist Prazosin: An Overview
Authors: Rousseau P.-F. , Simon P.-Y.-R. , Clervoy P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects nearly 10% of soldiers leaved waging war. So far, there is no standard treatment for PTSD. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for PTSD. However, response rates rarely exceed 60% and less than 20-30% of the patients achieve full remission. Excessive brain responsiveness to norepinephrine appears to play a significant role in the onset of PTSD. A brain active alpha- 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy and hypertension, prazosin, is of major interest and might become the main therapeutic treatment for PTSD.

Objective and methods

In order to further assess the therapeutic efficacy of prazosin, the present review analyzes the results of Medline-referenced outcome studies conducted.

Aims

Confirm the therapeutic efficacity of prazosin in the PTSD.

Results

These studies concern 99 patients included in five clinical trials ran from 2004 to 2008. 24% of the patients have been exposed to civilian trauma and 76% to war trauma. Prazosin significantly (p< 0.05 versus controls) decreases trauma nightmares, distressed awakening, avoidance, sleep disturbance, hyper-arousal, re-experiencing and improves global clinical status in all studies. From a statistical point of view, any significant difference of blood pressure was observed at the end of trials.

Conclusions

Beyond the methodological biases, the present review confirms the effectiveness of prazosin in reducing overall PTSD illness severity and distress. Studies of longer duration in larger samples are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
1203 – Cognition And Civil Capacity In Diogenes Syndrome: Analysis Of Psychiatric Reports From The Public Attorney District Of Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Sudo F.K. , Santiago C.R. , Salles A.C. , Felix-Junior S. , Bastos C.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Diogenes Syndrome (DS) refers to a collection of features found mainly in older persons which includes social isolation, self-neglect, poor insight, domestic squalor and hoarding behavior. Underlying psychiatric disorders might be identified in most of those elders. Issues of law have been embedded in DS cases, since individuals commonly expose themselves and their neighborhood to preventable health risks, due to extreme self-neglect and poor sanitation.

Objective

This cross-section aims to assess health-care, cognitive and civil capacity status of patients with DS, based on data from forensic-medical reports.

Methods

Psychiatric-forensic reports concerning to elders living alone, recorded between January 2009 to December 2010 in the archives of the Public Attorney District of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed.

Results

Reports from 40 living alone elders (mean age=79.63 ± 7.84 years; mean schooling= 5.68 ± 5.43 years; 75% female) were eligible for the study. 20 individuals (50%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for DS. DS individuals presented significantly lower mean scores in MMSE than non-DS persons (p= 0.019). More individuals with dementia were found among DS group. Fewer recent medical consultations (p= 0.038) and higher rates of civil incapacity (p= 0.001) were identified in DS elders. Negative moderate correlation was found between MMSE scores and diagnostic of DS (rho=-0.403; p= 0.016). Medical support (phi= 0.388; p= 0.016) and civil incapacity (phi= 0.554; p< 0.001) also correlated with diagnostic of DS.

Conclusion

DS might be related to poor cognitive status, health care neglect and impaired discernment, which may be of interest to both health and law practitioners.
1204 – The Uncanny - a Cinematic And Psychodynamic Exploration
Authors: Spinzy Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The “Uncanny” (Das Unheimliche), a concept coined by Sigmund Freud (1919) and presented in art and psychotherapy. It is when an experience can be familiar, yet foreign at the same time, resulting in an uncomfortably strange or familiar feeling.

Objective

A theoretical investigation and comparison of the “Uncanny” concept in the cinematic and psycho-therapeutic setting.

Aims

1.

Exploring the cinematic Uncanny motifs in two films by screenwriter, Charlie Kaufman: “Being John Malkovich” and “Adaptation”.

2.

Exploring these motifs and understanding them in the context of a case study of prolonged psycho-dynamic psychotherapy.

3.

Outlining practical implications for the use of this concept in psycho-dynamic psychotherapy.

Methods

Through cinematic analysis of the films we describe the development of the uncanny experience. Thereafter, through narrative analysis of a case report, we refer to the obstacles created by the “Uncanny” experience in the psycho- therapeutic process.

Results

The cinematic motifs (“The Double” and “The Secret”) involved in the creation of the “Uncanny” experience are present and have a major effect on the therapeutic process. Exemplifying and analyzing their presentation seem to clarify possible obstacles that challenge the therapist.

Conclusions

The “Uncanny” is a concept that describes the human experience of sudden familiarity in a novel and strange situation. In this study we describe this phenomenon through psychoanalytic literature and explore it via popular films. It seems that recognizing the Uncanny in the therapeutic process may assist in engaging a therapeutic relationship and improving therapy outcomes.
1216 – Dementia And Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a Case Report
Authors: Rodrigues S. , Pinto A. , Fernandes L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) occurs in 4-20% of adult population, elderly subjects have the higher prevalence. Although the impacts of overt hypothyroidism on metabolic and neuropsychiatric functions are relatively well documented the effects of SCH remain controversial. Several studies have reported that SCH was associated with increase of metabolic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective

The purpose of this work is to report a clinical case of coexisting dementia and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Methods

Descriptive analysis of a clinical case supported on the review of literature.

Results

The authors describe a case of an 82 year old man with an established dementia, in the three weeks before hospitalization developed a clinical presentation with increasing agitation, aggression, behavioural disorders, impaired memory and insomnia. He had several co-morbid medical conditions, including atrial fibrillation, hypertension and dyslipidemia, with treatment.

Discussion and conclusion

For an accurate diagnosis is important to exclude organic pathology. The elderly patients have generally been reported to have associated multiple co-morbidities and polimedications with serious implications in psychotropic medications. This overlap with other diseases is an important confounding factor in the older population. Management of these patients presents a continuous challenge in the context of a General Hospital.
1217 – Obstetrical And Neonatal Outcomes After Prenatal Exposure To Psychiatric Medication - Experience Of The Early Intervention Unit
Authors: Martins V. , Garrido P. , Pimenta S. , Murta I.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Pregnancy and postpartum are periods of increased vulnerability for psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders, anxiety and psychotic disorders, that, when left untreated, imply serious consequences for the pregnant and the fetus. Since 1995, the Psychiatric Liaison Consultation in Bissaya Barreto Maternity (MBB) is part of the Early Intervention Unit (UIP), which consists of a multidisciplinary team that ensures a specific intervention in pregnant and postpartum women with psychiatric illness.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to psychiatric medication on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

The authors conducted a case-control study to compare obstetric and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women exposed to psychotropic drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines), observed at the Psychiatry - Obstetric Consultation (n= 69), with those of women followed at the Obstetric Consultation, without psychopathology during pregnancy, who were not exposed to psychiatric medication (n=69). The study was performed during a period of six months (October 2011 - March 2012).

Results

The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS (19th version).

Conclusions

Preliminary results show that obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in the group exposed to psychiatric medication are, at least, as good as in the control group, supporting that the use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy is safe, as long as used with caution. Early psychiatric intervention during pregnancy, in conjunction with obstetrics, seems to be the best way to follow up pregnant women with mental illness.
1219 – Phenylalanine Kinetics In Schizophrenia Patients Detected By 13c-phenylalanine Breath Test
Authors: Teraishi T. , Ozeki Y. , Hori H. , Sasayama D. , Chiba S. , Yamamoto N. , Tanaka H. , Iijima Y. , Matsuo J. , Kawamoto Y. , Kinoshita Y. , Hattori K. , Ota M. , Kajiwara M. , Terada S. , Higuchi T. , Kunugi H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Altered levels of phenylalanine and its metabolites in blood and cerebrospinal fluid have previously been reported in schizophrenia. This study attempted to examine whether phenylalanine kinetics is altered in schizophrenia using the 13C-phenylalanine breath test (13C-PBT).

Methods

Subjects were 20 patients with schizophrenia and the same number of controls. 13C-phenylalanine was administered and then 13CO2 concentration in breath was monitored for 120 minutes. The Δ 13CO2 at each collecting time, the maximal Δ 13CO2 (Cmax), the time to reach Cmax (Tmax), the area under the curve of time course of Δ13CO2 (AUC), the cumulative recovery rate (CRR) at each collecting time of the 13C-PBT were calculated for each subject.

Results

Body weight (BW) and diagnostic status were significant predictors for Cmax. BW, age and diagnostic status were significant predictors for AUC and CRR at 120 minutes (CRR0-120). A repeated measures ANCOVA controlling for age and BW revealed a different pattern of change in CRR over time between the patients and controls and that Δ13CO2 in schizophrenia were lower than that in healthy control at all sampling point during 120 min, with an overall significant differences between healthy control and schizophrenia. The ANCOVA controlling for age and BW, showed that Cmax, AUC and CRR0-120 were significantly lower in schizophrenics than in controls.

Conclusions

Our data indicate the different change of Δ13CO2 and CRR over time and the decreased Cmax, AUC and CRR0-120 of 13C-PBT in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting the altered phenylalanine kinetics in schizophrenia.
1233 – Temperament Markers In Mood Disorders
Authors: Trofimova I. , Sulis W.
Published: July 2013

We examined nine dynamical and three emotional aspects of behavior in depression and anxiety, singly and comorbidly. The study used the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire Compact (STQ 77), within the Functional Ensemble of Temperament model (FET). FET model describes 12 scales assess the energetic, lability and sensitivity aspects of behavior in the physical, social, mental and emotional domains. The STQ 77 was administered to 86 patients with Major Depression, 85 patients with an anxiety disorder, 43 patients with comorbid depression and anxiety, and 71 subjects without depression or anxiety disorder all presenting to a private outpatient clinical practice.

Results

1)

Depression was associated with self-reports of increased impulsivity and rigidity of behavior.

2)

Depressed patients reported significantly lower physical energy, tempo of physical activity and plasticity of behavior. The presence of comorbid anxiety further worsened these effects.

3)

The ability to sustain attention on a mental task and to learn new information was lower in depressed patients than in other groups.

Conclusion

Comorbid depression and anxiety might be associates, decreasing adaptivity and the self-regulatory balance of behavior, leading to the development of extremes in behavioral reactivity (impulsivity and rigidity).
1234 – Prevalence Of Patient And Visitor Violence Against Staff On High-risk Medical Wards
Authors: Lepping P. , Lanka S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Patient and visitor violence (PVV) is increasingly recognised as being widespread in General hospital setting, more so in medical wards. Recent International studies showed that it's a worldwide problem. There is little data available detailing prevalence of PVV in UK. The national NHS annual violence data only focuses on physical assaults on staff.

Objectives

To measure PVV with parameters of verbal abuse, threats and physical assaults over a four week period.

Aims

The aim of the study is to identify the prevalence of PVV in high risk medical wards in North Wales

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted with a validated tool (abbreviated SOVES) in six high PPV risk medical wards in three North Wales General District Hospitals.

Results

Of the 158 staff responded 83% were subjected to verbal abuse in the preceding four weeks. 50% reported being threatened and 63% reported being physically assaulted. 56% of those assaulted sustained an injury with three needed medical assessment and/or treatment.

Nurses and Health care support Workers reported being subjected to all forms of PVV more than other staff groups. Direct patient contact correlated more to overall incidence of PVV. Our study could not find any correlation between amount of training received by staff in the management of aggression and the experience of PVV.

Conclusions

PVV is a significant problem in medical wards inspite of regular staff training programmes. Means to communicate risk should be considered by all staff working in high risk medical wards.
1246 – Medico-economic Impact Of a Suicide Attempt On The Relatives Of The Suicide Attempter
Authors: Jardon V. , Poulet E. , Genest P. , Chastang F. , Brousse G. , Garre J.B. , Pichene C. , Thevenon Gignac C. , Jehel L. , Chanudet C. , Benoit M. , Mousques J. , Dourgnon P. , Demarty A.L. , Duhem S. , Ducrocq F. , Seguin M. , Vaiva G.
Published: July 2013

Hypothesis

A suicide attempt is an major event that creates harm on both family and close relatives, that can be measured in terms of traumatic stress and medico-economic impact (costs). Each year, 3.750.000 French people are concerned by a suicide attempt of a relative (or close person).

Subjects

Male or female, older than 16, being a relative of a suicide attempter (i.e. living in the same house as the suicide attempter). 171 families were included (171 suicide attempters and 171 « family informants »). These subjects were compared to IRDES datas on French population (Institute of Research and Documentation on Health Economy ; sample of 20.000 subjects, representing 95% of the French families). All subjects were reassessed by phone at 3 month and 1 year.

Results

80% of the relatives declare “being fine” at 1 year; the 20% that declare being “not so well” are important to qualify, the sooner after the suicide attempt. An explicative model trying to evaluate the risk of being “not so well” at 1 year is possible ; this model is highly represented by the psychotraumatic impact of the confrontation with the suicide attempt.

On the economic plan, we can observe a great stability in healthcare contacts at 1 year (hospitalizations, GP or Specialists contacts, other kind of care contact…), contrasting with a big increase in medication use (× 2.37 in comparison with IRDES population); all the medication types being concerned, psychotropic and others.

The question of a self-medication partly unconscious is raised.
1259 – Communication Style In Families Of Adolescents Suffering From Computer Addiction
Authors: Malygin V. , Smirnova E. , Antonenko A. , Merkurieva Y.
Published: July 2013

This study is the first in a series of works devoted to the studying miscellaneous edges of the problem of Internet addiction. The study was attended by 27 young people aged 13 to 16 years (17 boys and 10 girls) and 8 mothers. The criterion for selection of testees was computer addiction.

Were identified following features of communication in families of the addicts:

100% of surveyed teens show disharmonious view of their family

92% of teenagers note features of disharmony in contact with their mother

In 87% of families there are differences in the perception of the family by the adolescent and his or her mother;

In 75% of families desire of emotional closeness does not lead to its emergence;

25% of observed families show symbiotic relationship between children and parents.

In 87% of families there is a lack of requirements, prohibitions and penalties.

62% of mothers are not able to work with their children in collaboration and cooperation

38% are able to work in pairs, but get tired quite fast and begin to suppress the child

90% of girls feel the emotional distance with their fathers

Fathers are deprived of the traditional male role

26% of mothers suffer distrust of men

It was proved that mothers of adolescents, prone to Internet addiction, can be divided into two groups by the type of family education: Following the parenting style with features of 1)hypoprotection (75%) and 2)hyperprotection (25%).
1269 – Reduced Fractional Anisotropy In The Uncinate Fasciculus In Patients With Major Depression Carrying The Met-allele Of The Val66met Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype
Authors: Carballedo A. , Amico F. , Ugwu I. , Fagan A. , Fahey C. , Morris D. , Meaney J. , Leemans A. , Frodl T.
Published: July 2013

Objective

Experimental studies support a neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Val66Met brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism on the white matter fibre tracts connecting hippocampus and amygdala with the prefrontal lobe in a sample of patients with MDD and healthy controls.

Methods

Thirty seven patients with MDD and 42 healthy volunteers were recruited. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data with 61 diffusion directions were obtained with MRI 3 Tesla scanner. Deterministic tractography was applied with ExploreDTI and Val66Met BDNF SNP (rs6265) was genotyped. Fibre tracts connecting the hippocampus and amygdala with the prefrontal lobe, namely uncinate fasciculus, fornix and cingulum were analysed.

Results

A significant interaction was found in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) between BDNF alleles and diagnosis. Patients carrying the BDNF met-allele had smaller fractional anisotropy (FA) in the UF compared to those patients homozygous for valallele and compared to healthy subjects carrying the met-allele. A significant 3-way interaction was detected between region of the cingulum (dorsal, rostral and parahippocampal regions), brain hemisphere and BDNF genotype. Larger FA was detectable in the left rostral cingulum for met-allele carriers when compared to val/val alelle carriers.

Conclusions

We provide evidence for the importance of the neurotrophic involvement in limbic and prefrontal connections. The met-allele of the BDNF polymorphism seems to render subjects more vulnerable for dysfunctions associated with the UF, a tract known to be related to negative emotional-cognitive processing bias, declarative memory problems, and autonoetic self awareness.
1277 – The Role Of Gaba-a Receptor In The Synergism Between Ssri And Antipsychotics In Schizophrenia
Authors: Silver H. , Einuch R. , Youdim M. , Weinreb O.
Published: July 2013

Currently available antipsychotics are often effective against positive symptoms of schizophrenia but have limited effect in treating core features such as negative or cognitive symptoms. New drugs developed on the basis of current dogmas have shown no breakthroughs in effectiveness and novel understandings of the mechanisms responsible for symptom productions and treatment response are needed.

Clinical studies have shown that resistant negative symptoms may improve when antipsychotics are augmented with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This augmenting effect cannot be explained by summating pharmacological effects of the individual drugs. We reasoned that study of this synergism may reveal novel mechanisms relevant to the core features of schizophrenia and their treatment.

Here we present results of in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies showing that the SSRI-Antipsychotic combination, produces unique changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor and its regulating system which are different from each individual drug. The changes include GABAA receptor phosphorylation, and cellular compartment distribution and changes in proteins modulating GABAA activity including PKC, GSK, ERK and BDNF.

Results are also presented from clinical studies showing that SSRI augmentation in schizophrenia patients results in changes in blood mononuclear cell mRNA encoding for GABAA receptor and related proteins which are similar to those observed in the laboratory and associated with clinical improvement. Taken together these findings support the view that GABA A receptor modulation may be part of the mechanism mediating SSRI-antipsychotic synergistic effect ameliorating some core features of schizophrenia.
1278 – Psychological Problems Among Nursing Students: Study From a Nepalese Health Institute
Authors: Shakya D.R. , Lama S. , Shrestha M. , Pandey A.K. , Shyangwa P.M. , Deo B.K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There is scant data about mental disorders among nursing students from Nepal though it is reported high in other parts.

Objectives

To measure prevalence of psychiatric problems and to determine common stressors among nursing students

Methods

This institute based prevalence study included all certificate and bachelor level nursing students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal during 2011/12. After informed written consent, ‘semi-structured proforma’, ‘General Health Questionnaire 28’ and ‘Gurmeet Singh's Presumptive stressful life events scale’ were distributed to record sociodemographic/ clinical profiles and other relevant information; to screen psychiatric disorder and to study the stressors respectively. The ‘General Health Questionnaire 28’ gives ‘psychiatric caseness’ to subjects with score 4 or more.

Results

Out of total 200 nursing students, 185 could be enrolled during study period. All subjects were female. They were studying in certificate and in BSc. nursing programs in different academic years. Majority were unmarried, less than 25 years of age, were from urban settings and from nuclear family. Among the enrolled subjects, ‘psychiatric caseness’ was present in 88 (47.57%) subjects, with cut off score of 4. The most common stressful events reported from the ‘Gurmeet Singh's Presumptive stressful life events scale’ were related to exam, study and accommodation to institute life, and average total score of the presumptive stress was 164.8 (minimum 0, maximum 706) in last year.

Conclusion

Many nursing students suffer from psychological problems and experience the stress, common stressor being related with nursing education.
1279 – The Ego - Self Axis In Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Manojlovic S. , Nikolic-Popovic J.
Published: July 2013

Understanding the meaning and dynamics of the phenomenological expression of schizophrenia enables the possibility of having a dialogue with schizophrenic individual. The theoretical framework of analytical psychology offers the possibility of understanding the schizophrenic world. The identity of a person consists of two centers of organization (Ego and Self) which are connected (Ego- Self axis). The nature of the Ego-Self relationship is determined by the developmental cycles, but also by everything that changes the relationship between the conscious and subconscious. In schizophrenia, the unconscious contents flood the Ego consciousness which looses the ability to distinguish between internal and external reality. The boundaries of the Ego are lost and it is assimilated in the Self. The Ego becomes uninterested with reality which appears to be insignificant in comparison to the unlimited possibilities of the unconscious. The assimilated Ego takes possession of the attributes of the Self, and thus the illusion of immortality, powerfulness, omniscience, as the content of consciousness and as personal attributes, most frequently in the form of delusional ideas and experiences of omnipotence. In schizophrenia, the assimilation and inflation of the Ego can be caused by the weakness of the Ego or the increase in the pressure from non-integrated complexes in the unconscious. The Ego-Self axis in schizophrenia is moved towards the Self, marking the retreat of the Ego which actively participates in the reality, in which Ego observes and passively bears witness to the content of the unconscious both at an individual and collective level.
1284 – Analgesic Activity Of Cage-like Amines Derivatives
Authors: Zlenko H.T. , Zarovnaya I.S. , Palchikov V.A.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

In this work analgesic activity of more than 80 derivatives of cage-like amines is investigated. Carbox-, sulfon- and phosphonamides, ureas, sulfonylureas and aminoalcohols. They were got on the basis of stereochemically homogeneous amines (exo- and endo-2-aminomethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes and their saturated analogues, exo-5-aminomethyl-exo-2,3- epoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, and also sulfolan, deitiforin and amines of adamantane family by comparison to base amines are plugged into the investigated group.

[Figure]

Rigid molecules with «fixed» in space substituents used as models for the study of structure-activity relationship of analgesic activity compounds with their chemical structure.

Methods

The investigation of compounds has been carried out on white mise. The acute toxicity (LD50) and analgesic activity («hot plate» method, 55°C) were determined. Explored compounds were entered in a dose equal 1/10 LD50 for 30 minutes prior to testing. Activity of preparations was estimated in % in relation to the control group of animals.

Results

Dependence of analgesic activity on the orientation of substituents in norbornene frame is marked: higher activity for endo-stereoisomers than for exo-form. Analgesic action decreases with disappearance of double bond and increase of number of cycles in carbon frame. The deitiforin derivatives are considerably more active than adamantane analogues.

Conclusions

More than 15 patents of Ukraine are got.
1285 – Training Of Bosnia-herzegovina Mental Health Professionals In Group Analysis As The Factor Of Development Of Culture Of Dialogue In The Aftermath Ofthe 1992–1995 War
Authors: Hasanović M. , Izet P. , Avdibegović E. , Kravić N. , Moro L. , Frančišković T. , Gregurek R. , Tocilj G.
Published: July 2013

Aim

The primary objective will focus the first of all on Group Analysis (GA) as the psychotherapy method and theory of group analysis applied particularly in post-war environments. It outlines in particular a Zagreb Institute for GA Training Programme that took place in Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992–1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in GA to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors.

Method

In the GA education in the period of 16 years mental health professionals employed in mental health services were involved as well as other care employees as General Practitioners, Family physicians, pediatricians, gynecologists and neurosurgeons, psychologists and special educators.

Results

Trainees in education were from greater part of BH, and from several towns from neighborhoods countries. In this way a new room for mutual exchanges of experiences and establishing of cooperation was created. Idea of group analytic treatment of persons with mental health problems spread out on the whole region of BH through this model of education. The future of GA application as a psychotherapy model in BH confirmed through established models of education which are employed inowadays in Tuzla, Sarajevo and Mostar. The future of GA is provided in activities focused on foundations of the Institute for Analysis in Tuzla.

Conclusion

Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use GA with enthusiastic help of GA trainers from Institute for GA Zagreb will develop dialogue culture in postwar BH.
1286 – Therapeutic Compliance In Schizophrenia: The Influence Of Psychotic Symptoms And The Insight
Authors: Arfaoui S. , Zalila H. , Zouari O. , Boussetta A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Medication adherence problems increase hospitalization, morbidity and mortality in the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Indicators of poor adherence to a medication regimen are a useful resource for physicians to help identify patients who are most in need for interventions to improve adherence.

Objective

The objective of this analysis was to find out whether symptoms and insight would predict the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Method

We proceeded to a transverse survey with 95 patients affected by schizophrenia followed in ambulatory in the psychiatric department D of the hospital Razi in Tunisia.

Results

A little more than half of our patients were not observing. The behavior of observance was positively correlated in the sex: the men were more observant that the women. The clinical shape of the disease, the level of insight, the cognitive state as well as the age of the disease are not connected to the degree of compliance. On the other hand, the positive or negative psychotic symptoms are strongly correlated in the therapist alliance.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that simple measures as the psychoeducation for schizophrenics, and control of the psychotic symptoms advance us on the way of improvement of the therapist alliance and consequently the social reintegration of the patient and his quality of life.
1299 – Are Mental Diseases Synaptic Diseases?
Authors: Mizuno T.
Published: July 2013

John Hughlings Jackson, an English neurologist of the 19th century, proposed that the nervous system was organised as a hierarchical system of three anatomical layers corresponding to a functional hierarchy. The concepts introduced in this description, for the most part in antinomic form, turned out to be fruitful for psychology and psychopathology: psychic evolution/dissolution, simplicity/complexity, organisation/disorganisation, stability/instability, automatism/intentionality, inhibition/disinhibition, brain topology, and Darwinian selection of the most stable states. Henri Ey's adaptation of this architectonic model to the psyche and conscience, which he called organodynamics, required making modifications such as including the intervention of nerve connections between the various brain areas, designated by the term “transanatomical sets”. The most recent synaptic and neuronal models of conscience (J-P Changeux, G Edelman) are presented briefly and include the “selective stabilisation of synapses”. Neurotransmitter anomalies in psychopathy; immunity, inflammatory and synaptic anomalies of certain acute psychoses; and the modifications of synaptic connections after electrical stimulation of the brain are also presented. The convergence of this theoretical and experimental data leads to a discussion of the hypothesis according to which mental diseases might be “synaptic diseases”.
1315 – Screening And Correlates Of Depression And Hba1c In Uae Women With Diabetes
Authors: Hawamdeh S. , Al Makhzoomy I. , Hayajneh Y.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The aim was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics of UAE women with diabetes and depression and to explore any differences between depressed and non-depressed patients in relation to depression glycemic control.

Design and methods

One hundred eighty two patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Findings

Ninety two of patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A statistically significant relationship was found between national status and level of depression among the diabetic sample. At least half of these women showed poor glycemic control (HbA1c levels >7.5). A statistically significant relationship exists between depression status and type of diabetes. There is also a strong relationship between HbA1c level and depression level.

Practice implications

Early detection of depression among UAE women with diabetes is crucial to enhance treatment regimen adherence and glycemic control.
1320 – State Anxiety, Degree Of Autonomic Symptoms In Medical Students In Various Situations During Studying Process In Correspondence To Gender
Authors: Ivashchenko D. , Yashina Y. , Voznesenskaya T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

High rates of anxiety symptoms among medical students have been observed in many studies. Autonomic symptoms are indications of anxiety somatization. Reports about gender variations in anxiety and autonomic lability are contradictory and require further researches.

Objectives

To investigate changes of state anxiety, autonomic symptoms among medical students in various study periods and role of gender variations.

Materials and methods

54 medical students (28 female and 26 male) of I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University were recruited in this study. Participants were assigned unique identification codes. We used State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Vein’s Autonomic Symptoms Questionnaire (VASQ). State anxiety and autonomic symptoms were defined three times: 2 weeks, one day before the exam and after examination. ANOVA, correlation and t-statistics methods were used to analyze data.

Results

Changing of study situation influenced lability of state anxiety (ANOVA, F= 3,23; p= 0,04). We found gender differences in autonomic symptoms’ penetration in 1st (p= 0.05), 2nd (p< 0.05) and 3rd (p< 0.01) periods; state anxiety varied in 2nd period (p< 0,05) only. Correlation between autonomic symptoms and gender was found in 1st (r= 0,46; p= 0,003) and 2nd (r= 0,901; p< 0.001) periods; correlation between state anxiety and gender was moderate in 2nd period (r= 0,55; p< 0.001).

Conclusions

Statistical significance was achieved between a level of anxiety and various studying situations. Correlation between gender and both state anxiety and rate of autonomic symptoms was found. State anxiety and degree of autonomic symptoms was significantly higher in female.
1323 – Cognitive Function In Major Depressive Disorder: The Role Of Symptomatology, Personality And Stress Hormones
Authors: Hori H. , Matsuo J. , Teraishi T. , Fujii S. , Kawamoto Y. , Kinoshita Y. , Ota M. , Hattori K. , Higuchi T. , Kunugi H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It has been reported that cognitive functioning in major depressive disorder (MDD) can be affected by various factors, such as symptom severity, personality dimensions and stress hormone activity. However, the relative role of each is largely unknown.

Methods

Seventy-six non-remitted patients with MDD were recruited. Symptomatology was assessed by the 21-item version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). Personality was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Neurocognitive functions, including verbal and visual memory, delayed recall and attention/working memory were measured by the full version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Neuroendocrine function was determined by the reactivity of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) to the combined dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone test. To quantify cognitive impairments in patients, age-, sex- and education- matched 187 healthy controls were also recruited and administered the same neuropsychological test.

Results

MDD patients performed significantly worse than controls on visual memory and delayed recall. A stepwise multiple regression analysis predicting performance of each cognitive domain from five HSCL dimensions, seven TCI dimensions and hormonal variables, controlling for age, gender and education, revealed that higher cooperativeness was the only significant predictor towards better verbal memory, that less somatization symptoms and lower self-directedness were significant predictors towards better visual memory, and that lower age, less anxiety symptoms and lower DHEAS levels after dexamethasone administration were significant predictors towards better delayed recall.

Conclusions

Besides symptomatology, some personality dimensions and neuroendocrine function may, at least partly independently, contribute to memory impairment in MDD.
1344 – PDYN Rs2281285 Variant Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence In Male But Not Female Subjects
Authors: Karpyak V.M. , Winham S.J. , Preuss U.W. , Zill P. , Cunningham J.M. , Walker D.L. , Geske J.R. , Colby C.L. , Abulseoud O.A. , Hall-Flavin D.K. , Loukianova L.L. , Schneekloth T.D. , Frye M.A. , Bazov I. , Heit J.A. , Bakalkin G. , Mrazek D.A. , Biernacka J.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Recent findings support sex-specific effects of PDYN polymorphisms on association with opioid addiction (Clarke et al. 2012). We have demonstrated that PDYN haplotypes, which include rs2281285, are associated with alcohol dependence and propensity to drink in negative emotional situations (negative craving) (Karpyak et al 2012). The rs2281285 variant may contribute to regulation of alternative PDYN mRNA transcription specific to brain area or physiological condition.

Objectives

To investigate sex-specific effects of the PDYN rs2281285 variant on risk for alcohol dependence.

Aims

To examine the association of the PDYN rs2281285 variant with alcohol dependence in male and female subjects.

Methods

rs2281285 was genotyped in the investigation cohort of 816 (554 males) alcohol dependent subjects (DSM-IV-TR) and 1248 (603 males) non-alcoholic controls and in the replication cohort of 467 (347 males) alcohol dependent subjects and 431 (224 males) non-alcoholic controls. Logistic regression models were used to test for sex-specific associations after controlling for age.

Results

As previously reported, significant association of the PDYN rs2281285 variant with alcohol dependence was found in the investigation (p = 0.008, odds ratio = 1.299), but not the replication cohort (0.223, OR = 0.118). However, sex-specific analyses revealed stronger association in males (p = 0.002, OR = 1.493) but not females (p = 0.684, OR = 1.066) in the investigation cohort, and a trend for association in males (p = 0.086, OR = 1.352) but not females (p = 0.808, OR = 0.947) in the replication cohort.

Conclusions

Our findings support association of PDYN rs2281285 variant with alcohol dependence in male but not female subjects. Future studies should investigate functional mechanisms of this effect.
1355 – Borderline Personality Disorder And Schemas Orientate Words Processing - Fmri Study
Authors: Grambal A. , Tüdös Z. , Praško J.P. , Hluštík P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Schemas are self-defeating life patterns of perception, emotion, and physical sensation. Borderline personality disorder patients are characterized by a negative self-image and pronounced vulnerability to negative stimuli activating schemas, which leads to strong negative emotions and conflict in social situations.

Objectives

We hypothesized that emotional faces and words stimuli will activate amygdala and limbic structures. The activation will be higher in patients compared to healthy controls subject

Aims

The aim of our study is to find the differences of schemas orientate words and emotional faces processing in borderline personality disorder compared to healthy controls. To identify neuronal correlates of negative self-image in BPD patients.

Method

Fifteen patients suffering from BPD and healthy controls (HC) were studied in fMRI during the exposition of negative schemas related words compared with positive schemas related words and emotional faces (anxious, angry, neutral) compared with fixation points. Psychopathology was assessed using Clinical Global Impression rating scale (CGI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Borderline personality severity index (BPDSI).

Results

Schema-oriented words showed right amygdala activation and strong precuneus and dorsal cingulum activation in BPD group compared with HC. Emotional faces Activations differ in both groups, BPD patient activated more anterolateral brain regions, HC activated more posteromedial areas.

Conclusion

Schema-oriented words are very hurtful for BPD patients and our fMRI findings confirmed this clinical experience. Processing of emotional faces in patients with borderline personality disorder involve multiple brain regions.

Supported

By the project IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
1359 – The Role Of Molecular Genetic Polymorphism Drd4, Dat In The Formation Of Personal Anxiety In An Open Population Men 25-64 Years In Siberia
Authors: Gafarov V. , Gromova E. , Gagulin I. , Gafarova A. , Maximov V. , Voevoda M.
Published: July 2013

As part of WHO «MONICA» in 1994, surveyed a random representative sample of men aged 25-64 years, (n = 657). To assess the level of personal anxiety test was used Spielberger. Studied the association of gene DRD4, DAT with personal anxiety. Men in the open population of Novosibirsk, a high level of personal anxiety - 50.9%. With a high level of anxiety was significantly associated genotype 4 / 6 of the DRD4 gene and genotype 9 / 9 gene DAT.

Conclusion

In the open population of men aged 25-64 in Novosibirsk personal anxiety significantly associated with specific polymorphisms of genes DRD4, DAT.

Grant ? 11-16-54001 a/T