bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on theoretical models for lithium–sulfur battery cathodes
Authors: Feng Shuai , Fu Zhong‐Heng , Chen Xiang , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2022

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as promising battery systems due to their huge advantages on theoretical energy density and rich resources. However, the shuttle effect and sluggish transformation of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) hinder the practical application of Li–S batteries. Tremendous sulfur host materials with unique catalytic activity have been exploited to inhibit the shuttle effect and accelerate LiPSs redox reactions, in which theoretical simulations have been widely adopted. This review aims to summarize the fundamentals and applications of theoretical models in sulfur cathodes. Concretely, the integration of theoretical models provides insights into the adsorption and conversion mechanisms of LiPSs and is further utilized in the smart design of catalysts for the exploitation of practical Li–S batteries. Finally, a perspective on the future combination of calculation technology and theoretical models is provided.
Step‐by‐step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin‐associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)
Authors: Penson Peter E. , Bruckert Eric , Marais David , Reiner Željko , Pirro Matteo , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Bajraktari Gani , Mirrakhimov Erkin , Rizzo Manfredi , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Sachinidis Alexandros , Gaita Dan , Latkovskis Gustavs , Mazidi Mohsen , Toth Peter P. , Pella Daniel , Alnouri Fahad , Postadzhiyan Arman , Yeh Hung‐I , Mancini G.B. John , von Haehling Stephan , Banach Maciej ,   International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)
Published: March 2022

Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3–5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)—what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real‐world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step‐by‐step patient‐centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long‐term compliance with lipid‐lowering therapy.
Impact of learning‐style‐based education on student performance and perception in preclinical endodontics
Authors: Tsatalis Andrea , Singh Mahraj , Freer Emily , Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Purpose/objective

This study sought to assess the predominant learning mode of second‐year dental students, investigate the possible relationship between learning mode, age, and gender, and evaluate if there are quantitative and qualitative differences in predoctoral endodontic lab performance/student perception when learning‐mode‐specific materials are provided.

Methods

Study participants were 101 dental students from Marquette University. Student learning mode was derived from the Kolb's Learning Style Inventory (LSI) 4.0 and students were assigned to one of three groups: (1) learning‐mode‐aligned supplemental material, (2) unaligned supplemental material, or (3) no supplemental material. Performance on non‐surgical root canal treatment of typodont tooth #9 was collected over two lab exercises, with supplemental material provided in between exercises. Students responded to a satisfaction survey at the study's conclusion. The responses for three groups of learning mode were compared using analysis of variance for continuous numeric variables followed by Bonferroni test for multiple comparison. Categorical variables were compared using chi square and/or Fisher exact tests.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference between learning modes (p < 0.001). No association was found between gender or age and learning mode preference. Comparing score change between lab exercises, mean score improvement was highest for Group 1 (p < 0.05). While all students valued receiving supplemental learning materials, students provided with aligned materials reported statistically significantly higher perception of the materials’ role in their improved performance/heightened understanding.

Conclusion

Providing supplemental material aligned with students’ learning mode significantly improved their learning experience objectively and subjectively.
Immune thrombocytopenia management during COVID‐19 pandemic: An Italian monocentric experience
Authors: Lapietra Gianfranco , Ferretti Antonietta , Baldacci Erminia , Chistolini Antonio , Santoro Cristina
Published: March 2022

Over the last 2 years, different cases of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients affected by SARS‐CoV2 have been reported. The management of SARS‐CoV2 in subjects with simultaneous or previous ITP can be challenging because of the great involvement of the haemostatic system in this viral infection. In this report, we describe the management and outcome of patients with newly diagnosed (ND), chronic and previous ITP, infected by COVID‐19, referred to the Haematology Institute of University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I in Rome. Steroids + immunoglobulins for ND or relapsed ITP and continuation of home therapy for chronic ITP are advised, although further knowledge is required.
Exploring women's bargaining power in Haitian agricultural households
Authors: Springer Joanna , Latané Annah , Brower Alice , Frazer Sarah
Published: March 2022

In farming households in Haiti, women's critical role in maize production is underresearched yet vital to the growth of the sector. This article explores factors that may increase women's bargaining power in negotiated decisions about production practices and income use in male‐headed households. We find that women's participation in market activities is positively associated with greater input on decisions related to maize production. However, household economic status is more important for adoption of best practices and has a positive relationship with women's input on income use. Results point to various pathways for engaging women in new market opportunities.
Does team orientation matter? A state‐of‐the‐science review, meta‐analysis, and multilevel framework
Authors: Kilcullen Molly , Bisbey Tiffany M. , Rosen Michael , Salas Eduardo
Published: March 2022

As teams are a foundational component of modern organizations, selection and training of employees to facilitate teamwork is of key importance. In this paper, we review and meta‐analyze research on the construct of team orientation. We differentiate between organizational‐, team‐, and individual‐level team orientation and discuss multilevel theory implications. A total of 39 articles comprising 210 effects were meta‐analyzed. Results indicate that team orientation is important, particularly for effective teamwork and team‐based outcomes. Specifically, at the overall level, we found significant and positive relationships with communication, coordination, cooperation, trust, shared mental models, backup behaviors, cohesion, innovation, satisfaction, leadership, and team performance. Team orientation was found to be negatively correlated with conflict. Interestingly, we found a negative relationship between team orientation and individual‐level performance. We discuss the implications of these findings and make suggestions for future work to build upon these findings.
A probabilistic climate change assessment for Europe
Authors: Moghim Sanaz , Teuling Adriaan J. , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: March 2022

Globally, the impacts of climate change can vary across different regions. This study uses a probability framework to evaluate recent historical (1976–2016) and near‐future projected (until 2049) climate change across Europe using Climate Research Unit and ensemble climate model datasets (under RCPs 2.6 and 8.5). A historical assessment shows that although the east and west of the domain experienced the largest and smallest increase in temperature, changes in precipitation are not as smooth as temperature. Results indicate that the maximum changes between distributions of the variables (temperature and precipitation) mainly occur at extreme percentiles (e.g., 10% and 90%). A group analysis of four subregions of Europe, namely east (G1), north (G2), west/south (G3), and UK/Ireland (G4), shows that G1 and G4 are expected to have the largest increase in temperature and precipitation extremes, respectively. Although maximum increases in temperature in G3 and G4 occur at larger percentiles, G1 and G2 experience maximum increases at both large and small percentiles. The maximum increase of precipitation over the study domain, however, occurs mainly at larger extremes. To quantify changes in the distribution of projection (2020–2049) relative to the historical reference (1976–2005), two measures are defined, namely a change in occurrences (KS statistic) and intensities at different quantiles (Δ). Results confirm that the temperature distribution tends to shift to higher temperatures. Changes in distribution and extremes of precipitation are spatially variable. Furthermore, extremes are expected to be intensified under RCP 8.5. The quantile analysis and defined measures reveal changes in the entire probability distribution, reflecting possible climate changes in the future.
A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D‐printed casts
Authors: Moore Laura K. , Lee Carlin S. , Agha Obiajulu , Liu Mengyao , Zhang He , Dang Alan B. C. , Dang Alexis , Liu Xuhui , Feeley Brian T.
Published: March 2022

Stiff joints formed after trauma, surgery or immobilization are frustrating for surgeons, therapists and patients alike. Unfortunately, the study of contracture is limited by available animal model systems, which focus on the utilization of larger mammals and joint trauma. Here we describe a novel mouse‐based model system for the generation of joint contracture using 3D‐printed clamshell casts. With this model system we are able to generate both reversible and irreversible contractures of the knee and ankle. Four‐ or 8‐month‐old female mice were casted for either 2 or 3 weeks before liberation. All groups formed measurable contractures of the knee and ankle. Younger mice immobilized for less time formed reversible contractures of the knee and ankle. We were able to generate irreversible contracture with either longer immobilization time or the utilization of older mice. The contracture formation translated into differences in gait, which were detectable using the DigiGait® analysis system. This novel model system provides a higher throughput, lower cost and more powerful tool in studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms considering the large existing pool of transgenic/knockout murine strains.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on central tendency and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in two bioenergy croplands#
Authors: Wang Xuehan , Jian Siyang , Gamage Lahiru , Li Jianwei
Published: March 2022

Background

Soil moisture, pH, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON) are important soil biogeochemical properties in switchgrass (SG) and gamagrass (GG) croplands. Yet their spatiotemporal patterns under nitrogen (N) fertilization have not been studied.

Aims

The objective of this study is to investigate the main and interactive effects of N fertilization and bioenergy crop type on central tendencies and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON.

Methods

Based on a 3‐year long fertilization experiment in Middle Tennessee, USA, 288 samples of top horizon soils (0–15 cm) under three fertilization treatments in SG and GG croplands were collected. The fertilization treatments were no N input (NN), low N input (LN: 84 kg N ha−1 in urea) and high N input (HN: 168 kg N ha−1 in urea). Soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON were quantified. And their within‐plot variations and spatial distributions were achieved via descriptive and geostatistical methods.

Results

Relative to NN, LN significantly increased DOC content in SG cropland. LN also elevated within‐plot spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture, pH, DOC and DON in both croplands though GG showed more evident spatial heterogeneity than SG. Despite the pronounced patterns described above, great plot to plot variations were also revealed in each treatment.

Conclusion

This study informs the generally low sensitivity of spatiotemporal responses in soil biogeochemical features to fertilizer amendments in bioenergy croplands. However, the significantly positive responses of DOC under low fertilizer input informed the best practice of optimizing agricultural nutrient amendment.
Influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet supplementation on in vitro fermentation and methane mitigation
Authors: Viennasay Bounnaxay , Totakul Pajaree , Matra Maharach , Phesatcha Burarat , Wanapat Metha
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) containing phytonutrients on rumen fermentation under various level of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. The experimental treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design using a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. The first factor was ratios of R:C at 100:0, 70:30, and 30:70 and the second factor was BP supplementation levels at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of dry matter substrate, respectively.

RESULTS

The ratio of R:C significantly enhanced rumen gas production especially when increased level of concentrate. Moreover, dry matter degradability of fermentation were improved (P < 0.01) by R:C and level of BP supplementation, and there was an interactive effect. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration, protozoal population and methane (CH4) production were remarkably influenced (P < 0.01). There were highly significant interactive effects between ratio of R:C and level of BP supplementation. Furthermore, fermentation parameters especially those of propionate (C3) concentration was profoundly increased by higher ratio of R:C and by the BP supplementation, interactive effect (P < 0.01). Notably, both level of R:C and BP supplementation significantly reduced NH3‐N concentration and CH4 production. Interactive effects of both factors were obtained (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The ratio of R:C at 30:70 with BP supplementation at 4% could enhance fermentation characteristics and reduce CH4 production, while the interactive effects were additionally observed. The BP could be a good phytonutrient source to modulate rumen fermentation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Leaf nutrient resorption differs among canopy and understory plant species in subtropical Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations
Authors: Wang Jun , Hui Dafeng , Liu Zhanfeng , Lin Yongbiao , Wang Faming , Long Jing , Mou Zhijian , Lu Hongfang , Ren Hai
Published: March 2022

Although plants are known to conserve nutrients by resorbing them from senescing leaves, how resorption of foliar macro‐ and micronutrients is affected by plant growth form (e.g., trees, shrubs, and ferns) and forest age are not well understood. The current study was conducted in four subtropical monoculture plantations: Eucalyptus and Acacia plantations in 14 and 35 years old, respectively. Leaf resorption efficiencies (REs) and resorption proficiencies (RPs) of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) of the canopy trees and understory shrubs and ferns were determined. N, P, and K but not Ca and Mn were generally resorbed from senescing leaves. RE was significantly higher for P than N, indicating that P was more limiting than N in the subtropical plantations. Nutrient REs did not differ with plantation age, while nutrient RPs generally tended to be lower in the 14‐year‐old than in the 35‐year‐old plantations. REs significantly differed among canopy and understory plant species with different growth forms, that is, NRE, PRE, and KRE values were much higher in woody plants (especially the canopy tree species) than in ferns. REs were correlated with foliar nutrient concentrations but not with soil nutrient concentrations. Our findings suggest that resorption of nutrients from senescing leaves differs among canopy and understory plants, and implicate that introducing native tree species into these plantations could be implemented for accelerating the community succession and further improving the multifunctionality.
Prognostic factors for hearing outcomes in patients that undergo adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Huo Zirong , Cheng Xuefeng , Gu Jian , Hong Yingying , Wang Zhentao , Zhang Zhihua
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study is to explore the potential factors in hearing outcomes and verify the role of oxidant‐antioxidant equilibrium on the prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Methods

Ninety‐two patients who were diagnosed with SSNHL between January 2018 and December 2019 in our hearing clinic center were included in this study. All patients were treated with intravenous dexamethasone, and 72 cases were treated with additional HBOT for 10 consecutive days. Peripheral blood was collected prior to any treatment to determine the blood cell count and hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Pure tone audiometry was measured before and after treatment. Complete and overall recovery rate was evaluated. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results

The rate of overall recovery was significantly higher in the patient with combined therapy compared to patients treated with steroids only (51.4% vs 25.0%, p = .036). The levels of HGB, HCT, and SOD were much higher in the patients with better hearing outcomes (p = .027, .033, and .011, respectively). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that patients with higher initial hearing thresholds, or hearing loss at overall frequency, were more prone to have poor hearing gains after HBOT.

Conclusion

HBOT is effective as an early adjuvant therapy for SSNHL. Hearing loss at low frequency, low initial hearing thresholds, as well as high HBG, HCT, and SOD levels are positive prognostic factors for SSNHL patients treated with HBOT.
Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Macromolecular CMCS to Prepare Self‐Healing Conductive Hydrogel Wound Dressing with Drug/Photothermal Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Weifang , Yan Jiayu , Meng Guihua , Cui Lin , Li Wenjuan , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Xuhong
Published: March 2022

The healing of severe skin injury is a complicated process and the development of hydrogel dressing with antibacterial and stimuli responsive abilities is necessary. Recently, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been widely used in hydrogel dressings due to its good conductivity and photothermal effects. However, there still exist some problems in the fabrication of RGO‐modified hydrogels, especially in the green preparation and dispersion process of RGO. In this work, macromolecular carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is chosen as the reducing agent for the green preparation of RGO. Hydrogels with antibacterial and stimulus‐responsive properties are constructed via Schiff base condensation between CMCS and oxidized pectin (OP). Over 95% cell viability is observed, which is critical for medical applications. RGO endows the hydrogels with relatively good conductivity, self‐healing properties, and mechanical strength. The diameters of bacteriostasis circle of the hydrogel for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increase by 0.2 and 0.8 cm respectively after exposure to NIR for 5 min, resulting from the photothermal antibacterial properties of the hydrogel provided by RGO. This study provides guidance for the design and application of multifunctional wound dressing.
Self‐Healing, Water‐Retaining, Antifreeze, Conductive PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC Composite Hydrogels for Strain and Temperature Sensors
Authors: Min Jinbiao , Zhou Zhaoxi , Zheng Jia , Yan Caibin , Sha Hongyuan , Hong Maochun , Fu Heqing
Published: March 2022

In this paper, PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly acrylic acid (PAA), poly acrylamide (PAM), and iron sulfate hydrate (IS) glycerol (GC). The crosslinking network is formed by the coordination of carboxyl groups with ions, which forms PVA with semi‐interpenetrating network. The mechanical properties and self‐healing properties of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are excellent. The stress, strain and self‐healing efficiency of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels can reach 840 kPa, 784%, and above 95%, respectively. The antifreeze and water retention properties of PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels are improved by glycerol. PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels remains flexible at low temperatures and moist for a long time at room temperature. The conductivity of the hydrogel increases with the increase of temperature because the interactions between glycerol, water molecules and ammonium ions are affected by the temperature, the multifunctional conductive hydrogel can be used in strain sensing and temperature sensing. In summary, PVA/PAA‐PAM‐IS/GC composite hydrogels can provide a guide in the field of electronic intelligence.
Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Supramolecular Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silsesquioxane Foams
Authors: da Silva Laura C. E. , Gonçalves Maria do Carmo , de Oliveira Marcelo G.
Published: March 2022

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)‐based foams are promising tissue engineering materials that may facilitate implant‐tissue integration and allow localized and controlled drug delivery. Herein, hybrid CNC‐based foams, which are ultralightweight (30–100 mg cm−3), highly porous (>95%), ominiphilic and superabsorbent (1500–3000 wt% of water and/or toluene uptake) are obtained by the in situ condensation of poly(ethylene glycol) ditriethoxysilyl (TES‐PEG‐TES) into a 3D network, where silsesquioxane nanoparticles (SS‐NP) are the crosslinking nodes, and CNC are entrapped forming ionic interactions, in a supramolecular structure. In a new approach, using 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, sulfhydryl groups are inserted on the SS‐NP periphery and S‐nitrosated to enable the functionalization of SS‐NP with S‐nitrosothiol groups, which can nitric oxide (NO), in a process triggered by the hydration of the foams and modulated by their supramolecular structure. CNC‐SS‐PEG foams exhibit elevated thermal and structural stability, compressive strength compatible with various soft human tissues, and NO release rates (1–18 pmol mg−1 min−1) within the range of the beneficial NO actions. Thus, the CNC‐SS‐PEG foams herein described represent a new platform of supramolecular hybrid materials for localized delivery of NO, with potential uses in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
Population Structure and Regional Connectivity of Young Snowy Grouper in the Gulf of Mexico and Western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Sanchez Phillip J. , Zapp Sluis Michelle , Pinsky Jeffrey , Miller Nathaniel R. , Rooker Jay R.
Published: March 2022

Snowy Grouper Hyporthodus niveatus are long-lived, slow-growing demersal fish that occur throughout most of the western Atlantic Ocean. Currently, Snowy Grouper in U.S. territorial waters are managed as two stocks, one along the eastern Atlantic coast and one in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), though population connectivity throughout the region is unknown. The population structure of juvenile Snowy Grouper in U.S. territorial waters was assessed with otolith chemistry analysis, both trace element (7Li, 24Mg, 55Mn, 88Sr, and 137Ba) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O), from three life stages (core [first-year deposition], edge [most recent deposition], and life [mean of lifetime deposition]) across four geographic regions (northwest GoM, northeast GoM, southeast GoM, and U.S. East Coast). Dissimilar element : Ca signatures were evident across regions for all three life history stages, with regional patterns in individual markers following expected differences in environmental chemistry based on the geographic location of dominant mesoscale features (Mississippi and Atchafalaya River system, Loop Current, and Gulf Stream) and associated physicochemical conditions. Moderate classification success of Snowy Grouper to collection region with lifetime signatures indicated that the population along the U.S. East Coast experienced different physicochemical conditions than individuals inhabiting the GoM. The close adherence in regional patterns of otolith chemistry with expected environmental chemistry indicates that movement of individuals is limited and population connectivity constrained in U.S. territorial waters.
Phenotypic comparison of patients affected with DeSanto‐Shinawi syndrome: Point mutations in WAC gene versus a 10p12.1 microdeletion including WAC
Authors: Toledo‐Gotor Cristina , García‐Muro Cristina , García‐Oguiza Alberto , Poch‐Olivé Mª. Luisa , Ruiz‐del Prado Mª. Yolanda , Domínguez‐Garrido Elena
Published: March 2022

Introduction

DeSanto‐Shinawi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss‐of‐function variants of WAC, located on chromosome 10p12.1. This syndrome is characterized by dysmorphic facial features, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems.

Case report

In this case report, we present a new deletion case and summarize the clinical data of previously reported individuals, comparing the similarities and differences between cases caused by point mutations versus those which are caused by deletions in the 10p region.

Conclusion

Some differential features could facilitate the diagnostic suspicion guiding the optimal diagnostic tests that should be requested in each case scenario.
Advanced quantitative evaluation of PET systems using the ACR phantom and NiftyPET software
Authors: Markiewicz Pawel J. , da Costa‐Luis Casper , Dickson J. , Barnes A. , Krokos G. , MacKewn J. , Clark T. , Wimberley C. , MacNaught G. , Yaqub M. M. , Gispert J. D. , Hutton B. F. , Marsden P. , Hammers A. , Reader A. J. , Ourselin S. , Herholz K. , Matthews J. C. , Barkhof F.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

A novel phantom‐imaging platform, a set of software tools, for automated and high‐precision imaging of the American College of Radiology (ACR) positron emission tomography (PET) phantom for PET/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) and PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems is proposed.

Methods

The key feature of this platform is the vector graphics design that facilitates the automated measurement of the knife‐edge response function and hence image resolution, using composite volume of interest templates in a 0.5 mm resolution grid applied to all inserts of the phantom. Furthermore, the proposed platform enables the generation of an accurate ‐map for PET/MR systems with a robust alignment based on two‐stage image registration using specifically designed PET templates. The proposed platform is based on the open‐source NiftyPET software package used to generate multiple list‐mode data bootstrap realizations and image reconstructions to determine the precision of the two‐stage registration and any image‐derived statistics. For all the analyses, iterative image reconstruction was employed with and without modeled shift‐invariant point spread function and with varying iterations of the ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. The impact of the activity outside the field of view (FOV) was assessed using two acquisitions of 30 min each, with and without the activity outside the FOV.

Results

The utility of the platform has been demonstrated by providing a standard and an advanced phantom analysis including the estimation of spatial resolution using all cylindrical inserts. In the imaging planes close to the edge of the axial FOV, we observed deterioration in the quantitative accuracy, reduced resolution (FWHM increased by 1–2 mm), reduced contrast, and background uniformity due to the activity outside the FOV. Although it slows convergence, the PSF reconstruction had a positive impact on resolution and contrast recovery, but the degree of improvement depended on the regions. The uncertainty analysis based on bootstrap resampling of raw PET data indicated high precision of the two‐stage registration.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that phantom imaging using the proposed methodology with the metric of spatial resolution and multiple bootstrap realizations may be helpful in more accurate evaluation of PET systems as well as in facilitating fine tuning for optimal imaging parameters in PET/MR and PET/CT clinical research studies.
A supramolecular and liquid crystalline water‐based alignment medium based on azobenzene‐substituted 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamides
Authors: Knoll Kevin , Herold Dominik , Hirschmann Max , Thiele Christina M.
Published: March 2022

A supramolecular, lyotropic liquid crystalline alignment medium based on an azobenzene‐containing 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) building block is described and investigated. As we demonstrate, this water‐based system is suitable for the investigation of various water‐soluble analytes and allows for a scaling of alignment strength through variation of temperature. Additionally, alignment is shown to reversibly collapse above a certain temperature, yielding an isotropic solution. This collapse allows for isotropic reference measurements, which are typically needed in addition to those in an anisotropic environment, to be performed using the same sample just by varying the temperature. The medium described thus provides easy access to anisotropic NMR observables and simplifies structure elucidation techniques based thereon.
Parallel transmit pulse design for saturation homogeneity (PUSH) for magnetization transfer imaging at 7T
Authors: Leitão David , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Bridgen Pip , Wilkinson Tom , Liebig Patrick , Gumbrecht Rene , Ritter Dieter , Giles Sharon L. , Baburamani Ana , Sedlacik Jan , Hajnal Joseph V. , Malik Shaihan J.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This work proposes a novel RF pulse design for parallel transmit (pTx) systems to obtain uniform saturation of semisolid magnetization for magnetization transfer (MT) contrast in the presence of transmit field inhomogeneities. The semisolid magnetization is usually modeled as being purely longitudinal, with the applied field saturating but not rotating its magnetization; thus, standard pTx pulse design methods do not apply.

Theory and Methods

Pulse design for saturation homogeneity (PUSH) optimizes pTx RF pulses by considering uniformity of root‐mean squared , , which relates to the rate of semisolid saturation. Here we considered designs consisting of a small number of spatially non‐selective sub‐pulses optimized over either a single 2D plane or 3D. Simulations and in vivo experiments on a 7T Terra system with an 8‐TX Nova head coil in five subjects were carried out to study the homogenization of and of the MT contrast by acquiring MT ratio maps.

Results

Simulations and in vivo experiments showed up to six and two times more uniform compared to circular polarized (CP) mode for 2D and 3D optimizations, respectively. This translated into 4 and 1.25 times more uniform MT contrast, consistently for all subjects, where two sub‐pulses were enough for the implementation and coil used.

Conclusion

The proposed PUSH method obtains more uniform and higher MT contrast than CP mode within the same specific absorption rate (SAR) budget.
Oral condition as a predictor of risk for malnutrition during hospitalization: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Toniazzo Mirian Paola , Amorim Paula Sant'na , Rost Julia Franciele , Feldman Juliane Viero , Beretta Mileni Vanti , Rodrigues Ticiana Costa , Weidlich Patricia
Published: March 2022

Background

Malnutrition and poor oral health are common conditions in patients in the hospital. Both conditions are associated with poor systemic health. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the oral condition and the nutrition status of individuals admitted to a large tertiary hospital.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study evaluated 364 patients who received a comprehensive dental examination at their hospital bed. An examiner recorded visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, plaque retentive factors, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, number of existing teeth, and prosthesis use. Medical status was assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The nutrition status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression analysis with robust variance.

Results

Patients with moderate to severe malnutrition presented worse oral hygiene (55.83 ± 25.16 vs 64.90 ± 24.28; P < 0.001), more gingival inflammation (24.31 ± 24.13 vs 33.43 ± 27.36; P < 0.001), higher levels of attachment loss (4.22 ± 1.81 vs 4.80 ± 1.83; P < 0.001), and a lower mean number of teeth (14.58 ± 7.45 vs 10.94 ± 6.85; P < 0.001) than patients without malnutrition. In the multivariable analysis, the number of teeth and higher comorbidity index were associated with malnutrition.

Conclusions

Poor oral health and medical condition were associated with malnutrition in this single‐institution study, and oral condition may be considered an indicator of malnutrition in patients in the hospital. The implications of this study include the need to raise awareness among health professionals of the importance of oral health and nutrition status in adults.
Consistent modeling of the coupling between crystallographic slip and martensitic phase transformation for mechanically induced loadings
Authors: de Carvalho Miguel Vieira , de Bortoli Daniel , Andrade Pires Francisco M.
Published: March 2022

A computational framework is proposed to model anisotropic metallic polycrystals subjected to mechanically induced loadings. It enables the simulation of crystal‐plasticity‐like phenomena at finite strains. The unified framework of thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations is formulated such that it couples the crystallographic slip and martensitic transformation theories. The constitutive description for the slip plasticity evolution incorporates an anisotropic hyperelastic law with self and latent‐hardening. The mechanically induced martensite formation kinematics is based on the crystallographic theory of martensitic transformations. The complete set of highly coupled equations is expressed in a single system of equations and solved by a monolithic solution procedure. It is based on the Newton–Raphson methodology and incorporates the complete linearisation leading to asymptotic quadratic rates of convergence. The quasi‐static discretized evolution equations are integrated with a fully implicit scheme, except for the critical resolved slip stresses, which employ the generalized midpoint rule. The plastic flow is integrated with an implicit exponential integrator to exactly preserve the plastic incompressibility. Viscous regularizations for both deformation mechanisms are pursued to overcome numerical difficulties and model the behavior over a wide range of strain‐rate sensitivities. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and predictive capability of the methodology.
Crystal plasticity algorithm based on the quasi‐extremal energy principle
Authors: Petryk Henryk , Kursa Michal
Published: March 2022

The direct incremental energy minimization in rate‐independent plasticity does not account for the skew‐symmetric part of the tangent stiffness matrix. In crystal plasticity, this corresponds to neglecting the asymmetry of the matrix of interaction moduli for active slip‐systems. This limitation has been overcome in the recently proposed quasi‐extremal energy principle (QEP) applicable to nonpotential problems. In the present article it is shown how to extend QEP to finite increments in the backward‐Euler computational scheme. A related constitutive algorithm is proposed which enables automatic selection of active slip systems using an energetic criterion, along any path of large deformation of a rate‐independent single crystal with a nonsymmetric slip‐system interaction matrix. Numerical examples have been calculated for a fcc single crystal subjected to simple shear or uniaxial tension. The slip system activity predicted by using the QEP algorithm has been found to be more reliable in describing the actual plastic response of metal crystals than conventional rate‐dependent modeling in cases where the selection of active slip‐systems is essential.
Energy optimization for intelligent hybrid electric vehicles based on hybrid system approach in a car‐following process
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Wang Ruochen , Ding Renkai
Published: March 2022

Considering the hybrid dynamical characteristics of multimode hybrid electric vehicle during a car‐following process, a novel energy management strategy based on hybrid system theory is proposed in this article. Firstly, nonlinear powertrain model and longitudinal dynamics of a single‐shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle is built, and hybrid characteristics combined with continuous dynamics and discrete events during operating mode transition are described. Secondly, the nonlinear powertrain model and characteristics are approximated by the piecewise affine method, the mixed‐logic dynamic modeling method is introduced and system variables are defined. Then the hybrid dynamical model for multimode hybrid electric vehicle in a car‐following process is established with the hybrid system description language. Thirdly, according to the principle of receding horizon control, a hybrid model predictive controller is designed and applied for optimizing the multiobjective energy management problem in the car‐following process. Finally, the proposed control strategy is compared with a rule‐based control strategy, and the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy achieves fuel efficiency improvement while ensure the dynamic performance, driving safety and ride comfort during the car‐following process, and the designed controller meets the requirement of deep fusion of car‐following and energy management.
Convergence of the optimization method for feedback stabilization of linear delay systems
Authors: Yang Liu , Hu Guang‐Da , Tang Anping
Published: March 2022

This article is concerned with the feedback stabilization for linear delay systems. The convergence of the numerical method in the literature is proved. Furthermore, the analytic gradient formula of the objective function is given. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented result.
Handling in the frontline: A case study of “whistle gathering” in Beijing
Authors: Guo Shenghao , Wen Bo , Wong Natalie Wai‐Man
Published: March 2022

The larger role that street‐level bureaucracy has played in urban governance has been one of the focuses of public administration for several decades. This commentary presents a case study of whistle gathering (WG), which helps to eliminate the cooperative dilemma at the microlevel. As an innovative mechanism whereby organizational structures and communication systems are streamlined, WG occurs when departments/agencies convene and coordinate to participate in a joint task force in order to more efficiently respond to and solve every day problems at the community level. Underperforming participants are reprimanded and face administrative consequences. Since WG must meet certain prerequisites for successful implementation, policymakers and researchers are encouraged to further analyze the potential disadvantages of this system.
A natural history study of nitrous oxide versus propofol‐assisted intrathecal therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Miller Lane H. , Winter Stuart S. , Watson Dave , Livingston Mylynda , Nemata Resty , Messinger Yoav
Published: March 2022

Background

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment requires numerous lumbar punctures (LPs) with intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy to prevent and treat central nervous system disease. Historically, LPs in this setting are performed using propofol sedation at most institutions. At our center, LPs are often alternatively performed under nitrous oxide (N2O). To date, there have been no large‐scale assessments comparing these sedation methods for this purpose.

Procedures

Retrospective cohort study of patients aged 0–31 years with ALL treated between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 at the Children's Minnesota Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, including all therapeutic LPs performed in the clinic setting under either propofol or N2O.

Results

Among 215 patients and 2677 therapeutic LPs, 56.6% (n = 1515) occurred under N2O, with 43.3% (n = 93) of patients using exclusively N2O with all LPs. The incidence of traumatic LPs (red blood cell [RBC] ≥10 cells/μl) was similar between both treatments (27.3% vs. 30.2%). Successful IT chemotherapy delivery (99.7% N2O vs. 99.8% propofol) did not differ between sedation types. Experiencing a traumatic LP under N2O was associated with a sedation switch for the subsequent LP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.40,p = .002), whereas older age (aOR 1.08,p < .0001) and higher body mass index (BMI) percentile (aOR 1.01,p = .009) were associated with increased likelihood for undergoing a traumatic LP.

Conclusion

N2O is an effective sedation option for therapeutic LPs in children with ALL with noninferiority to propofol in terms of IT chemotherapy administration and traumatic LP incidence. For many patients, N2O can effectively replace propofol during LP procedures, which has important safety and quality‐of‐life implications.
Tuning the Bandgap of Topological Edge States by Inclined‐Electric Field
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Li Zhongyao
Published: March 2022

Tuning the bandgap of topological edge states remains a challenge for the practical applications of 2D topological insulators (2DTIs). Herein, the inclined‐electric field effect on tuning the bandgap of topological edge states is proposed. It provides a new idea to tune the 2DTI‐junctions from semiconductor to metallic character without topological transition. As examples, the Bi(111)‐junctions based on first‐principles calculations are studied. Inclined‐electric field can tune the bandgap of the junctions from tens of millielectron volts to zero. This work may be helpful for the electric control of topological edge states and the practical applications of 2DTIs.
Evaluating the effects of dark chocolate formulated with micro‐encapsulated fermented garlic extract on cardio‐metabolic indices in hypertensive patients: A crossover, triple‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadi Salman , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Niakousari Mehrdad , Ghaem Far Zohreh , Azadi Amir , Yousefinejad Saeed , Jafari Peyman , Faghih Shiva
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the health‐related effects of microencapsulated fermented garlic extract (FGE) containing dark chocolate in hypertensive adults. For this purpose, 36 hypertensive adults (15 males vs. 21 females) were randomized to receive the FGE (5 g/day) dark chocolate containing 650 mg of FGE powder or the placebo. Intervention periods lasted for 6 weeks and were separated by a 3‐week wash‐out period. The response variables included blood pressure, anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress indices. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pkcross procedure, and Cohen's d was estimated for all response variables. There was no significant inter‐period difference between the mean changes of body weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, no significant change was confirmed in participants' blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum homocysteine, high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). It seems that the dose of FGE used in this study was not sufficient to cause any significant changes in the outcomes. Therefore, further studies with dose–response designs and longer durations are recommended.
DNA Coil Dynamics and Hydrodynamic Gating of Pressure‐Biased Nanopores
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Farajpour Nasim , Lastra Lauren S. , Freedman Kevin J.
Published: March 2022

Nanopores are ideally suited for the analysis of long DNA fragments including chromosomal DNA and synthetic DNA with applications in genome sequencing and DNA data storage, respectively. Hydrodynamic fluid flow has been shown to slow down DNA transit time within the pore, however other influences of hydrodynamic forces have yet to be explored. In this report, a broad analysis of pressure‐biased nanopores and the impact of hydrodynamics on DNA transit time, capture rate, current blockade depth, and DNA folding are conducted. Using a 10 nm pore, it is shown that hydrodynamic flow inhibits the early stages of linearization of DNA and produces predominately folded events which are initiated by folded DNA (2‐strands) entering the pore. Furthermore, utilizing larger pores (30 nm) leads to unique DNA gating behavior in which DNA events can be switched on and off with the application of pressure. A computational model, based on combining electrophoretic drift velocities with fluid velocities, accurately predicts the pore size required to observe DNA gating. Hydrodynamic fluid flow generated by a pressure bias, or potentially more generally by other mechanisms like electroosmotic flow, is shown to have significant effects on DNA sensing and can be useful for DNA sensing technologies.
Nanobody and Nanozyme‐Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yidan , Xianyu Yunlei
Published: March 2022

Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.