bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNCERTAINTY VISUALIZATION FOR CHARACTERIZING HETEROGENEOUS HUMAN BEHAVIORS IN DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM MODELS
Authors: LIU XUEYING , HU ZHIHAO , DENG XINWEI , KUHLMAN CHRIS J.
Published: July 2023

When modeling human behavior in multi-player games, it is important to understand heterogeneous aspects of player behaviors. By leveraging experimental data and agent-based simulations, various data-driven modeling methods can be applied. This provides a great opportunity to quantify and visualize the uncertainty associated with these methods, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the individual and collective behaviors among players. For networked anagram games, player behaviors can be heterogeneous in terms of the number of words formed and the amount of cooperation among networked neighbors. Based on game data, these games can be modeled as discrete dynamical systems characterized by probabilistic state transitions. In this work, we present both Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for visualizing uncertainty in networked anagram games. These approaches help to elaborate how players individually and collectively form words by sharing letters with their neighbors in a network. Both approaches provide valuable insights into inferring the worst, average, and best player performance within and between behavioral clusters. Moreover, interesting contrasts between the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches can be observed. The knowledge and inferences gained from these approaches are incorporated into an agent-based simulation framework to further demonstrate model uncertainty and players’ heterogeneous behaviors.
Solution of conformable Laguerre and associated Laguerre equations using Laplace transform
Authors: Rabei Eqab M. , Al-Jamel Ahmed , Al-Masaeed Mohamed Ghaleb
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the conformable Laguerre and associated Laguerre differential equations are solved using the Laplace transform. The solution is found to be in exact agreement with that obtained using the power series method. In addition, some properties and some recursion relations of the Laguerre and associated Laguerre functions are discussed and proved. Then, the conformable Rodriguez’s formula and generating function are proposed.
A Single-Cell Taxonomy Predicts Inflammatory Niche Remodeling to Drive Tissue Failure and Outcome in Human AML
Authors: Chen Lanpeng , Pronk Eline , van Dijk Claire , Bian Yujie , Feyen Jacqueline , van Tienhoven Tim , Yildirim Meltem , Pisterzi Paola , de Jong Madelon M.E. , Bastidas Alejandro , Hoogenboezem Remco M. , Wevers Chiel , Bindels Eric M. , Löwenberg Bob , Cupedo Tom , Sanders Mathijs A. , Raaijmakers Marc H.G.P.
Published: July 2023

Cancer initiation is orchestrated by an interplay between tumor-initiating cells and their stromal/immune environment. Here, by adapted single-cell RNA sequencing, we decipher the predicted signaling between tissue-resident hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) and their neoplastic counterparts with their native niches in the human bone marrow. LEPR+ stromal cells are identified as central regulators of hematopoiesis through predicted interactions with all cells in the marrow. Inflammatory niche remodeling and the resulting deprivation of critical HSPC regulatory factors are predicted to repress high-output hematopoietic stem cell subsets in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with relative resistance of clonal cells. Stromal gene signatures reflective of niche remodeling are associated with reduced relapse rates and favorable outcomes after chemotherapy across all genetic risk categories. Elucidation of the intercellular signaling defining human AML, thus, predicts that inflammatory remodeling of stem cell niches drives tissue repression and clonal selection but may pose a vulnerability for relapse-initiating cells in the context of chemotherapeutic treatment.

Significance:

Tumor-promoting inflammation is considered an enabling characteristic of tumorigenesis, but mechanisms remain incompletely understood. By deciphering the predicted signaling between tissue-resident stem cells and their neoplastic counterparts with their environment, we identify inflammatory remodeling of stromal niches as a determinant of normal tissue repression and clinical outcomes in human AML.

See related commentary by Lisi-Vega and Méndez-Ferrer, p. 349.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 337
Quantifying the Variability Associated with Postoperative Localization of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes
Authors: Bower Kelsey L. , Noecker Angela M. , Reich Martin M. , McIntyre Cameron C.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Computational models of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have become common tools in clinical research studies that attempt to establish correlations between stimulation locations in the brain and behavioral outcome measures. However, the accuracy of any patient-specific DBS model depends heavily upon accurate localization of the DBS electrodes within the anatomy, which is typically defined via co-registration of clinical CT and MRI datasets. Several different approaches exist for this challenging registration problem, and each approach will result in a slightly different electrode localization. The goal of this study was to better understand how different processing steps (e.g., cost-function masking, brain extraction, intensity remapping) affect the estimate of the DBS electrode location in the brain. Methods: No “gold standard” exists for this kind of analysis, as the exact location of the electrode in the living human brain cannot be determined with existing clinical imaging approaches. However, we can estimate the uncertainty associated with the electrode position, which can be used to guide statistical analyses in DBS mapping studies. Therefore, we used high-quality clinical datasets from 10 subthalamic DBS subjects and co-registered their long-term postoperative CT with their preoperative surgical targeting MRI using 9 different approaches. The distances separating all of the electrode location estimates were calculated for each subject. Results: On average, electrodes were located within a median distance of 0.57 mm (0.49–0.74) of one another across the different registration approaches. However, when considering electrode location estimates from short-term postoperative CTs, the median distance increased to 2.01 mm (1.55–2.78). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that electrode location uncertainty needs to be factored into statistical analyses that attempt to define correlations between stimulation locations and clinical outcomes.
Varieties of Religious and Spiritual Struggles by Type of Mental Disorder: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: van Nieuw Amerongen-Meeuse Joke C. , Braam Arjan W. , Westerbroek Gerlise , Ouwehand Eva , Anbeek Christa , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Little is known about types of religious/spiritual (R/S) struggles with regard to various diagnostic groups in mental health care. The current qualitative study aims to give an impression of R/S struggles as observed in six diagnostic groups in clinical mental health care. Methods: Inductive thematic content analysis was applied to 34 semi-structured interviews. The interviews were performed among (day) clinical mental health care patients in two institutions. Results: Among patients with depression, a lack of positive R/S experiences, isolation, and feelings of guilt and shame were present. Those with cluster C and anxiety disorders reported uncertainty toward God and faith and R/S reticence. Psychotic disorders were accompanied by impressive R/S experiences, reticence to share these, and mistrust toward health professionals. Patients with bipolar disorder struggled with the interpretation of their R/S experiences and with both attraction and distance toward R/S. Cluster B patients showed ambivalence and anger toward God and others, and some reported existential tiredness. Patients with autism mentioned doubts and troubles with religious beliefs. In all groups, many patients had questions like “why?” or “where is God?” Conclusion: R/S struggles to some extent may be the language of the illness. Mental health professionals are recommended to take this into account, taking heed of the content of individual R/S struggles and considering using R/S interventions.
External Validation of Two Scoring Tools to Predict the Operative Duration and Open Conversion of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Mexican Population
Authors: Martínez-Mier Gustavo , Mendez-Rico Daniel , Reyes-Ruiz José Manuel , Moreno-Ley Pedro Ivan , Bernal-Dolores Victor , Avila-Mercado Octavio
Published: July 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) operative time (CholeS score) and conversion to an open procedure (CLOC score) outside their validation dataset in Mexican population. Methods: Patients >18 years who underwent elective LC were analyzed in a single-center retrospective chart review study. Association between scores (CholeS and CLOC) with operative time and conversion to open procedures was assessed with Spearman correlation. The predictive accuracy of the CholeS score and CLOC score was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic. Results: 200 patients were included in the study (33 excluded for emergency case or missing data). Spearman coefficient correlations between CholeS or CLOC score and operative time were 0.456 (p < 0.0001) and 0.356 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) for operative prediction time (>90 min) by CholeS score was 0.786 with a 3.5-point cutoff (80% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity). AUC for open conversion (CLOC score) was 0.78 with a 5-point cutoff (60% sensitivity and 91% specificity). The CLOC score had a 0.740 AUC (64% sensitivity and 72.8% specificity) for operative time >90 min. Conclusions: The CholeS and the CLOC scores predicted LC long operative time and risk for conversion to an open procedure, respectively, outside their original validation set.
Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of cardiac disease in cystic fibrosis: a multinational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Frost Freddy , Nazareth Dilip , Fauchier Laurent , Wat Dennis , Shelley James , Austin Philip , Walshaw Martin J. , Lip Gregory Y.H.
Published: July 2023

Background

Although people living with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) often have some risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including diabetes and chronic inflammation, little is known about the long-term cardiac risk in this condition. We aimed to determine the characteristics, rates and outcomes for cardiac disease in CF.

Methods

We looked at rates and outcomes for cardiac disease in 5649 adult PwCF in the UK CF Registry and 6265 adult PwCF in TriNetX (a global federated database of electronic healthcare record data). We used propensity matching to compare risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, left-sided heart failure and atrial fibrillation) in PwCF against matched non-CF comparators in the general population and other inflammatory diseases.

Results

PwCF had a high prevalence of diabetes but low rates of hypertension and obesity. Some cardiac risk factors (age, diabetes and hypertension) were associated with MACE, but relationships between disease-specific risk factors (lung function and intravenous antibiotic days) were also observed. In propensity score-matched analyses, PwCF had higher risk of MACE than matched general population comparators (hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.40–1.95; p<0.001) and an equivalent or higher relative risk compared with other inflammatory conditions considered “high risk” for cardiovascular disease, including systemic lupus erythematosus (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82–1.09; p=0.44), rheumatoid arthritis (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.00–1.48; p<0.001) and HIV (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82–1.06; p=0.29).

Conclusions

PwCF are at increased risk of adverse cardiac disease events. Future work should focus on defining determinants of cardiovascular risk such that appropriate risk stratification can be employed.
Knockdown of ELF4 aggravates renal injury in ischemia/reperfusion mice through promotion of pyroptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Li Li , Wang Shunying , Wang Wenming
Published: July 2023

Background

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Dysfunction of E74-like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) leads to inflammation. This research intended to look into the function and mechanisms of ELF4 in I/R and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model.

Results

In I/R and OGD/R model, ELF4 expression was downregulated. ELF4 knockout aggravated I/R-induced kidney injury, oxidative stress (OS), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis in mice. In HK-2 cells treated with OGD/R, suppression of ELF4 expression inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, OS, ERS, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, ELF4 overexpression led to the opposite results.

Conclusion

ELF4 deficiency aggravated I/R induced AKI, which was involved in apoptosis, OS, ERS, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Targeting ELF4 may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for preventing inflammation after IR-AKI.
Timing and Reporting of Secondary Overall Survival End Points for Phase III Trials in Advanced/Metastatic Disease
Authors: Freidlin Boris , Korde Larissa A. , Korn Edward L.
Published: July 2023

Recent therapeutic advances have led to improved patient survival in many cancer settings. Although prolongation of survival remains the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, the availability of effective salvage therapies could make definitive phase III trials with primary overall survival (OS) end points difficult to complete in a timely manner. Therefore, to accelerate development of new therapies, many phase III trials of new cancer therapies are now designed with intermediate primary end points (eg, progression-free survival in the metastatic setting) with OS designated as a secondary end point. We review recently published phase III trials and assess contemporary practices for designing and reporting OS as a secondary end point. We then provide design and reporting recommendations for trials with OS as a secondary end point to safeguard OS data integrity and optimize access to the OS data for patient, clinician, and public-health stakeholders.
Association of triglyceride glucose index and triglyceride HDL ratio with glucose levels, microvascular and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2
Authors: Mah jabeen Wajiha , Jahangir Basmah , Khilji Saba , Aslam Aqsa
Published: July 2023

Objective: To find out the role of triglyceride glucose index (TGI) and triglyceride HDL ratio (THR) as predictors of insulin resistance and control of glucose status in type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, January-April 2022. A total of 56 individuals, both males and females aged 30-75 years having T2DM with fasting blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dl and HbA1c ≥ 5.7% were included. Biochemical markers were estimated by applying standard methods. Independent sample t-test, Fisher exact test, and linear regression were applied.

Results: TGI and triglyceride HDL ratio were significantly raised (p=0.01) in patients with poor glycemic control as compared to controlled glucose levels (17.8 ± 4.7vs7.3 ± 1.75) and (3.84 ± 1.3vs2.12 ± 0.64) respectively. These two indices have a significant association (p=0.01) with HbA1c (r=0.963, r=0.757), fasting blood glucose (r=0.964, r=0.748), and HOMA-IR (r=0.955, r=0.718) respectively. Moreover, TGI and THR were found to have a more significant association with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (r=0.717, r=0.555) and a significant but weak association with nephropathy (r=0.385, r=0.302) respectively. Regression analysis revealed that both TGI and THR have significant predictive ability for HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR and CVD (delta R2=0.738vs 0.408, 0.740vs0.395, 0.725vs0.362, 0.354vs0.170) respectively, after controlling all confounding variables.

Conclusions: TGI and THR have a strong association and predictive capability to identify insulin resistance and detect the development and progression of T2DM. Moreover, TGI can be more precisely used for prediction analysis as compared to THR.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7389

How to cite this: Jabeen WM, Jahangir B, Khilji S, Aslam A. Association of triglyceride glucose index and triglyceride HDL ratio with glucose levels, microvascular and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7389

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluating researcher and stakeholder perspectives on socially responsible research and innovation policies and practices in marine and maritime research performing organisations
Authors: Jensen Eric A. , Lorenz Lars
Published: July 2023

The European Commission-funded GRRIP (Grounding RRI Practices) project aims to embed sustainable Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) practices in five research performing organisations (RPOs), focusing on the marine and maritime sector. The project’s goal is to achieve institutional and cultural change through a cycle of evaluation, evidence-based interventions and further evaluation. For this purpose, a set of three surveys were designed and implemented in the first part of the project (2020) to establish a baseline measurement of RRI-related practices within the project partner institutions and their stakeholders. Each survey was specifically designed to target a relevant category of people for each of the five RPOs implementing RRI actions. These five institutions are research departments and centres linked to the marine and maritime sector in Ireland, Spain, Portugal, France and the UK. This paper presents the design of these survey-based evaluation instruments and the linked datasets generated by their implementation.
The genome sequence of a scale worm, Harmothoe impar (Johnston, 1839)
Authors: Adkins Patrick , Mrowicki Robert , Harley Joanna ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual scale worm, Harmothoe impar; Annelida; Polychaeta; Phyllodocida; Polynoidae). The genome sequence is 1,512.3 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.37 kilobases in length.
Luwili. Hittite-Luwian Ritual Texts Attributed to Puriyanni, Kuwattalla and Šilalluḫi (CTH 758–763). Volume I: Edition and Commentary. Volume II: Discussion and Glossary
Authors: Yakubovich Ilya , Mouton Alice
Published: July 2023

The Luwian language belongs to the Anatolian group of the Indo-European language family and thus constitutes a close relative of Hittite. As a rule, the Luwian cuneiform passages represent incantations embedded in Hittite religious texts. Although their full corpus was published in the twentieth century, no attempts at their cohesive philological translation has been undertaken up to now. The volume Luwili: Hittite-Luwian ritual texts attributed to Puriyanni, Kuwattalla, and Šilalluḫi (CTH 758–763) represents the first step toward achieving this goal. Ilya Yakubovich and Alice Mouton, two Hittitologists specializing in Luwian Studies and Anatolian ritualistic traditions respectively, joined efforts in order to approach the Hittite-Luwian rituals from both linguistic and anthropological perspectives. The rituals that they have edited there contain more than fifty percent of the Luwian cuneiform corpus. Their research contributes to two different fields: first, it helps the scholarly community to understand better the Luwian language, second, it impacts the study of Anatolian religions. The authors attempted to avoid the technical jargon in as much as possible, while the layout of the edition, where the transliteration and translation are aligned with each other on two symmetrical pages, should facilitate its reading.
Optimizing sowing window for mungbean and its adaptation option for the South-central zone of Bangladesh in future climate change scenario using APSIM model
Authors: Ahmed Faruque , Talukder A. H. M. Motiur Rahman , Mosaddek Ahmed Imrul , Hossain Md. Shakhawat , Chaki Apurbo Kumar , Zahan Taslima , Istiaque Sheikh , Akhter Sohela , Biswas Jatish C. , Rahman M. Mizanur
Published: July 2023

Field experiment on sowing dates was carried out with BARI Mung-6 during pre-monsoon (kharif-I) season of 2021 for the evaluation of Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) crop model. The APSIM model was parameterized using data from March 10 sowing, while validation was done with other sowing dates and data from literatures. Simulation was done with elevated temperatures (1-, 2- and 3-°C) to find out the adaptation option against future temperature stress situations. The model was run for different sowing dates using long-term (1981–2021) historical weather data. The evaluations showed that the model performance was satisfactory in predicting crop phenology, total biomass and grain yields of BARI Mung-6. Simulated grain yields during March 10 to March 25 sowings were very similar to attainable grain yields while, very early or late sowing gave comparatively lower grain yields. The best simulated planting window was from 15 to 25 March having the highest mean grain yields with less variability over the years. Increase in temperature by 1°C increase exhibited no significant influence on grain yields across the sowing dates, but significant yield reductions were observed with the rise of temperatures by 2 and 3°C on March 20, March 30 and April 10 sowings. Elevated temperatures showed positive impact on grain yield of March 10 sowing only. Results revealed that optimum sowing window for mungbean is from 15 to 25 March with existing weather conditions. In future temperature rises situations, sowing of seeds by the first week of March would be one of the options to combat climate change impact on mungbean grain yield in Bangladesh.
Auswirkungen des Kanaltunnels auf Verkehrsströme und Regionalentwicklung in Europa
Authors: Spiekermann Klaus , Wegener Michael
Published: July 2023

Nach der Einführung des europäischen Binnenmarkts beseitigt der Tunnel unter dem Ärmelkanal eine der verbliebenen physischen Barrieren für den internationalen Personen- und Güterverkehr innerhalb Europas. Der Beitrag faßt die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts zu den verkehrlichen und wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Kanaltunnels auf die Regionen Europas zusammen. Die Studie bestand aus zwei Teilen: qualitativen regionalen Fallstudien und quantitativen Modellprognosen der regionalen Wirtschaftsentwicklung.Ein wichtiges Fazit der Kanaltunnelstudie ist, daß durch den Tunnel zumindest im hochurbanisierten Kern Europas nicht notwendigerweise wirtschaftliches Wachstum in allen anliegenden Regionen induziert wird.Dennoch eröffnet der Kanaltunnel als ein Schlüsselelement der neuen Verkehrsinfrastruktur Europas ein neues Kapitel in der Debatte über die Rolle des Verkehrs in Europa und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer integrierten Verkehrs- und Regionalpolitik der Europäischen Union.
Selection of Food Identification System Features Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Method
Authors: Arnita Arnita , Marpaung Faridawaty , Koemadji Zainal Abidin , Hidayat Mhd , Widianto Azi , Aulia Fitrahuda
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The identification and selection of food to be consumed are critical in determining the health quality of human life. Our diet and the illnesses we develop are closely linked. Public awareness of the significance of food quality has increased due to the rising prevalence of degenerative diseases such as obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. This study aims to develop a model for food identification and identify aspects that can aid in food identification.Methods : This study employs the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach, which is used to identify food objects or images based on the detected features. The images of thirty-five different types of traditional, processed, and western foods were gathered as the study’s input data. The image data for each type of food was repeated 100 times to produce a total of 3500 images.. Using the color, shape, and texture information, the food image is retrieved. The hue, saturation, and value (HSV) extraction method for color features, the Canny extraction method for shape features, and the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method for texture features, in that sequence, were used to evaluate the data in addition to the CNN classification method.Result:The simulation results show that the classification model’s accuracy and precision are 76% and 78%, respectively, when the CNN approach is used alone without the extraction method. The CNN classification model and HSV color extraction yielded an accuracy and precision of 51% and 55%, respectively. The CNN classification model with the Canny texture extraction method has an accuracy and precision of 20% and 20%, respectively, while the combined CNN and GLCM extraction methods have 67% and 69% success rates, respectively. According to the simulation results, the food classification and identification model that uses the CNN approach without the HSV, Canny, and GLCM feature extraction methods produces better results in terms of accuracy and precision model.Novelty: This research has the potential to be used in a variety of food identification applications, such as food and nutrition service systems, as well as to improve product quality in the food and beverage industry.
Capital Optical Character Recognition Using Neural Network Based on Gaussian Filter
Authors: Astuti Erna Zuni , Sari Christy Atika , Syabilla Mutiara , Sutrisno Hendra , Rachmawanto Eko Hari , Doheir Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Purpose: As digital technology advances, society needs to convert physical text into digital text. There are now many methods available for doing this. One of them is OCR (Optical Character Recognition), which can scan images [1]–[4] containing writing and turn them into digital text, making it easier to copy written text from an image. Text recognition in images is complex due to variations in text size, color, font, orientation, background, and lighting conditions.Methods: The technique of text recognition or optical character recognition (OCR) in images can be done using several methods, one of which is a neural network or artificial neural network. The artificial neural network method can help a computer make intelligent decisions with limited human assistance. Intelligent decisions can be made because the neural network can learn and model the relationship between nonlinear and complex input and output data. In this research, the scaled conjugated gradient is applied for optimization. SCG is very effective in finding the minimum value of a complex function, but it takes longer than some other optimization algorithms.Result/Findings: The dataset used is an image with a size of 28 x 28 which is changed in dimension to 784 x 1. This research uses 4000 epochs and obtained the best validation result at epoch 3506 with a value of 0.0087446. Results: From the statistical test results, the effect of perceived usefulness on ease of use has the highest level of influence, obtaining a test value of 3.6. Furthermore, the effect of the attitude towards using on the behavioral intention to use has the lowest level of influence, which obtained a test value of 1.2.Novelty:  In this article, Gaussian filter is used as feature extraction to improve yield. Character detection results using a Gaussian filter are known to be almost 10% higher than those using only a neural network. The result with the Neural Network alone is 82.2%, while the Neural Network-Gaussian Filter produces 92.1%.
Recycling of chemical pulp from wheat straw and corn stover
Authors: Tschirner Ulrike , Barsness James , Keeler Tamara
Published: July 2023

Handsheets produced from corn stalks and wheat straw soda AQ pulps were recycled in the lab. Pulping of corn stalks resulted in a low pulp yield, low bonding strength, and low recyclability. Conversely, wheat straw fiber had a better yield, very good tensile properties, and showed a considerably better response to recycling. The tensile index of wheat straw fibers retained 67% of its original value after four cycles. It could be shown that recycling caused only small changes in chemical compo-sition, but that the crystallinity index increased considerably. To be able to understand the behavior of wheat straw fiber as part of a commercial papermaking furnish, a paper containing 20% wheat straw fiber was produced on a 24 inch pilot paper machine and was recycled using a handsheet mold with white water return. Chemical analysis of the control (no wheat fiber) and the wheat-containing paper demonstrated slightly higher xylan content for the wheat-containing material. Recyclability increased slightly with addition of wheat fibers to a commercial furnish.
Сlinical and economic evaluation of various etiotropic chemotherapy regimens in patients with respiratory tuberculosis with multidrug and extensively drug resistance
Authors: Nikolenko N. Yu. , Kudlay D. A. , Borisov S. E. , Sannikova T. E. , Doktorova N. P.
Published: July 2023

Objective: analysis of clinical and economic efficiency of various etiotropic chemotherapy regimes in patients with respiratory tuberculosis with multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) pathogen using the pharmacoeconomic modeling method (Markov model).

Material and methods. A single-centre, observational, retrospective, cohort study was performed, which included patients who received treatment in clinics and affiliated organizations of the main Moscow tuberculosis institution during 2014–2019 regarding respiratory tuberculosis with the MDR/XDR pathogen. The data of 1387 patients were analysed, of which 1093 patients received “optimized basic regimen” (OBR) in accordance with the Federal Clinical Recommendations of 2015, 294 patients received etiotropic therapy in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization of 2018–2019. To evaluate economic efficiency, the pharmacoeconomic costeffectiveness analysis and pharmacoeconomic modeling were used. When assessing the economic costs of treatment, the direct costs (medical and non-medical) were taken into account.

Results. The study results showed that 68.4% of patients in the group with bedaquiline-containing chemotherapy regimens reached the outcome of “treatment successfully completed” (patient was cured or transfered into the III group of dispensary follow-up) compared to 51.8% in the OBR group. The use of “new” etiotropic therapy regimens is most economically justified in patients with ХDR-tuberculosis with repeated treatment courses: incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were 24,530.20 and 21,526.50 rubles per 1 patient. Markov model was developed, transitions from one state to another were evaluated according to the results of clinical observations during the first 2 years of research.

Conclusion. The use of the dynamic model of the patient state made it possible to refine the estimates of the effectiveness of the compared etiotropic chemotherapy regimens for tuberculosis with MDR/XDR pathogen. Based on the results of modeling the dynamics of patients in the interval of 2 to 10 years of treatment, the use of “new” regimens provides a significant increase in the proportion of treatment success (by 16.1–29.8% in different groups of patients and at different times), a decrease in mortality (by 6.1–11.0%), and in the proportion of those who interrupted treatment (by 8.0–21.8%) in comparison with OBR.
A study of the competencies, morals and personal attitudes of medical students towards older people
Authors: Kovaleva Valeriia A. , Kovaleva Tatiana V. , Pariyskaya Elena N. , Zakharova Lidia   B. , Ariev Aleksandr L.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization the number of people aged 60 and older continues to grow, resulting in an increased demand for geriatric medical care from physicians and junior medical personnel. However, there is a shortage of geriatricians due to the complexity of interacting with older adults, limited promotion of this field by the medical profession and healthcare system as well as a lack of interest among medical students in choosing geriatrics as a future specialization.
AIM: To investigate the personal values of medical students at Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Medicine by assessing their level of empathy and personal profile. The goal was to provide a rationale for understanding the reasons behind positive or negative attitudes towards older adults and their reluctance to work in geriatrics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 139 medical students at St. Petersburg State University Faculty of Medicine, aged between 17 and 29 years. The level of empathy and personal profile of the respondents were assessed using the following methods: V.V. Boykos Diagnosis of Empathy Level, I.M. Yusupovas Diagnosis of Empathy Level, and the 13-factor Cattells Personality Test. The moral and personal attitudes of medical students towards older adults as well as their willingness to work in geriatrics, were examined through questionnaire surveys.
RESULTS: The medical students exhibited average and below-average levels of empathy, which is presumably influenced by the particularities of their personal and professional development. Analysis of the students personal profiles revealed emotional stability, responsibility, a sense of duty, and a certain inclination towards empathy. Although the personal profile did not solely focus on assessing the desire to help older adults, the study showed that young peoples positive response to a request for assistance from an elderly person depended on their level of openness, tolerance, trust, social group expectations and the influence of public opinion. Insufficient gerontological competence often leads students to have stereotypical views about geriatrics and a lack of clear understanding of the specific needs of this age group.
CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data can be used in methodologies and educational programs to adjust the competency, moral values and personal attitudes of medical students towards older adults. This can lead to changes in future specialists perspectives on specialized geriatric care and facilitate the incorporation of these recommendations in the training of general practitioners.
New coronavirus infection and liver lesions
Authors: Prokofieva Natalia A. , Bakulin Igor G. , Nemtsova Elena G. , Chizhova Olga Yu. , Fil Tatiana S. , Sushilova Anastasiya G. , Pavlova Elena Yu. , Orlenko Maria S.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: According to published research outcomes, liver dysfunction is one of the predictors of adverse outcome COVID-19.
AIM: To study the frequency and severity of liver damage in COVID-19 and suggest therapeutic and prevention approaches to liver damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 171 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at the age of 2194 (mean age 59.85 14.96). Clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, blood ammonia test, number linkage test, multislice computed tomography of the chest, and 13C-metacetin breath test. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the volume of lung injury. Statistical processing of the results was performed with the software SPSS 26.
RESULTS: The most frequent symptoms were manifestations of intoxication syndrome, respiratory failure, the severity of which correlated with the volume of lung tissue damage according to multislice computed tomography of the chest. In both groups, the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and alkaline phosphate increased. However, significant distinctions in the groups were revealed only for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphate levels. The level of C-reactive protein in both groups directly correlated with the level of cytolysis and cholestasis, indicating a significant role of the liver in pathological processes in COVID-19. Conclusion: Hyperammonemia and decreased liver functional reserve of various severity were observed in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate the diagnostic value of the studied parameters for the evaluation of liver damage, as well as the applications of prevention and treatment measures for liver lesions in patients with COVID-19.
Vaccination adherence and level of knowledge: Is there a relationship?
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Yu. , Khalimov Yuri S. , Moiseeva Irina E. , Turusheva Anna V.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Immunization coverage should be 95 to effectively protect the population from infectious diseases. From 2019 to 2021 global immunization coverage in the world has decreased from 86 to 81%, which is due to an increase in distrust of vaccination among both patients and medical personnel.
AIM: To assess the vaccination adherence of physicians, nurses, and other medical institutions staff and its impact on the likelihood of vaccination recommendations for patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A convenient sample of employees of public and private clinics in Saint Petersburg (n = 465).
RESULTS: 80% of the study participants with higher medical education, 70% with nurse education and 43.5% without a medical background have a positive attitude towards vaccination. High knowledge level increases vaccination adherence. Doctors who vaccinate themselves according to the national immunization schedule are 17 times more likely to recommend vaccination to their patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Only 80% of the study participants with higher medical education, 70% with nurse education and 43.5% without a medical background have a positive attitude towards vaccination. The high level of knowledge of doctors about vaccination is the main factor that increases the likelihood of their recommendation of vaccination to patients.
Relationship between parameters of myocardial electrical remodeling and parameters of contractile function, deformation and myocardium work in patients with chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sakhnova T. A. , Dobrovolskaya S. V. , Blinova E. V. , Uskach T. M. , Saidova M. A.
Published: July 2023

Aim    To compare electrocardiographic parameters and characteristics of myocardial contractility by echocardiography data in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods    The study included 66 patients with CHF and LV EF ≤40%. Electrocardiography was used to assess the QRS complex duration, QRS fragmentation, frontal QRS-T angle (fQRS-Ta), and 3D vectorcardiographic parameters, including the planarity of QRS loop, and the spatial QRS-T angle (sQRS-Ta). Echocardiography assessed LV EF, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE).Results    Statistically significant correlations between electrocardiographic parameters and LV EF were not found. The presence of QRS fragmentation was associated with impaired GLS, higher GWW values, and lower GWE. A number of weak but significant correlations was observed: GLS worsened with increasing QRS duration, fQRS-Ta, and sQRS-Ta and decreasing QRS planarity index; GWW increased with increasing QRS duration; GWI, GCW, and GWE decreased as the QRS planarity index decreased. GWI decreased with increasing sQRS-Ta; GCW decreased with increasing fQRS-Ta and sQRS-Ta; GWE decreased with increasing QRS duration, fQRS-Ta and sQRS-Ta.Conclusion    Correlations were found between indicators of myocardial electrical remodeling and parameters of myocardial contractility, strain, and performance in CHF patients with low LV EF and AF. Further study of these parameters may be promising for assessing the severity of changes in myocardial structure and function in patients with various cardiovascular pathologies.
Some problems of investigating metaphoric domains in the linguistic cultures of different nations
Authors: Chekulai I. V. , Prokhorova O. N.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with the problem of widening the scope and nomenclature, as well as methods of investigation, as connected with the phenomenon of the language metaphor. It is pointed out that the theory of conceptual metaphor which was postulated within the cognitive linguistics surely creates a general framework for the description of the metaphorical process as a whole. But if one takes some special aspects of the metaphor as a hybrid of cognitive and linguistic processes it seems insufficient to point out only the models based on substantivized notions, as ARGUMENT IS WAR. We suppose that the metaphorical architectonics is based not only on the mentioned substantive-like models, but on the predicative knots, such as formed by such parts of speech as adjectives or verbs, as well. Within this paper, in particular, the complex linguistic activity analysis of the paradigm of metaphorical models with the kernel English verb bring and its equivalents using the joined methods of grammar-morphological, syntactical, semantico-syntactical, stylistical, linguo-pragmatical and other projections of the language and speech investigations, necessarily preserving the cognitive semantic basis of the research. The possibility of simultaneous appearance of metaphor and metonymy finds its reflection in the paper, this fact giving possibility to view them not only as independent but the intercrossing one another phenomena. The necessity of similar studies of the metaphorization process according to the vector of searching for their universal properties is marked in the paper.
Comic techniques as the means of transmitting negative evaluation in the English-language online movie reviews
Authors: Galiullina O. R.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the linguistic means of implementing comic in order to convey negative evaluativeness in the English-language online movie reviews. The various comic techniques are a rich linguistic arsenal for showing authors criticism. The pragmatic motivation of satirical and ironic texts is the introduction of new, different from the existing information on the object of humor. By incorporating humorous elements into the online movie reviews, the author creates a communicative situation characterized by a semi-serious tone. The purpose of this article is to consider in the film review linguistic means of transmitting the comic, bearing a negative modal-evaluative value. The empirical material for the description, classification and analysis in this study was the corpus of 45 film reviews of 20202022, taken from the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. The humorization of online movie reviews occurs due to a wide range of traditional comic techniques, the main ones of which include comic extended metaphor, irony, sarcasm, hyperbolization, oxymoron, pun. Among the situational stylistic techniques of comic, allusion, comparison, antithesis, colloquialisms, slang should be distinguished. The cases of internal deformation of phraseological units are noticeable, the transformation of the structure occurs due to the implementation of a lexico-semantic unit associated with the conceptual field cinema, which leads to a comic rethinking of a fixed expression.
Role of Renée of France in the diplomatic game of the XVI century
Authors: Stefanenko V. S.
Published: July 2023

The article explores womens political activity in Europe of the XVI century. The vivid example of that were Rene of Frances actions during her staying in Ferrara (15281559). After her parents death, Louis XII and Anne of Brittany, the princess was an important element of the Valois dynastic policy for a long time. She was a potential bride in the rapidly changing combinations of the period of the Italian Wars. Being married to the Duke of Ferrara, Rene was the daughter of France, first of all, and became a guide of the French kings political aspirations in Italy. The Duchess also assumed the patroness role for French emigrants-supporters of Protestantism, which created a unique precedent in the dispute over jurisdiction in matters of faith between her husband Ercole d`Este and Pope of Rome. The example of Rene of France contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between diplomacy and marriage in the royal houses of Europe. The role of a high-ranking lady in conducting diplomatic practices is revealed as a mediator in the politics of France and Ferrara. Thus, the analysis of local religious and political activity of Rene of France allows correlating the realities of princesss political body with her actions as a direct actor of European politics.
Writing genres at the All-Russian Olympiad of schoolchildren in English
Authors: Gulov A. P.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with evaluating a written competition at the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren, in particular, the features of the criteria for checking such a genre as a story are considered. We analyze the evaluation parameters that are used by the jury experts, using the example of the written text. The card for setting the regional and final stages of the OSH 2022 is analyzed, and the specified points are correlated with the parameters. An analysis of the text on the parameters of the criterion for solving a speech communicative problem is given, some difficulties were identified when evaluating due to subjectivity.
Совершенствование центральных (нервных) механизмов проявления мышечной силы
Authors: Рахматов А.И.
Published: July 2023

Роль центральных (нервных) факторов в проявлении мышечной силы исключительно велика. Во-первых, это объясняется тем фактом, что мышечная сила проявляется при выполнении произвольных движений, управление которыми осуществляется ЦНС и имеет сложный характере. Во-вторых, проявление мышечной силы во многом зависит от психоэмоционального состояния индивида, что также является функцией центральной нервной системы.
Скандинавская ходьба как комплексный метод укрепления здоровья студентов технического вуза
Authors: Филимонов С.С. , Васенков Н.В.
Published: July 2023

В современном мире все больше места занимают цифровые технологии. Цифровизация происходит во всех направлениях развития. Не исключением стало и образование, особенно в высших учебных заведениях. Студенты систематически сталкиваются с большим информационным потоком, испытывают утомление. В свою очередь цифровизация в негативном своем проявлении сводит физическую активность обучающихся к минимуму. Поэтому в программу подготовки будущих специалистов включаются занятия по физической культуре. В данной работе рассматривается применение программ проведения данных занятий, основанных на скандинавской ходьбе. Анализируется опыт ранее проведенных экспериментов. Дается оценка эффективности и актуальности применения данных программ на сегодняшний день.
«Цифровые аборигены» и современный педагогический процесс: точки соприкосновения
Authors: Суриков Ю.Н.
Published: July 2023

В статье раскрываются теоретико-практические основы «теории поколений», рассматриваются психолого-педагогические особенности организации педагогического процесса с учетом особенностей детей и молодежи – представителей поколения Z.
Становление национальной оперы в Мордовии
Authors: Гулая Т.Н.
Published: July 2023

Автор рассматривает период становления профессионального музыкального искусства в Мордовии.