bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar influences on the atmosphere and climate
Authors: Georgieva Katya
Published: June 2022

Sun, our home star, is a variable star. The variations in the appearance and energy output from the Sun are denoted as “solar activity”.  These variations range from milliseconds to decades, centuries, millennia, and beyond. The variations with time scales of up to a few solar rotation periods (~27 days) are referred to as “space weather”, and have significant impacts on the space-borne and ground-based technological systems. Longer-term solar activity variations are defined as “space climate”, and are supposed to be related to the terrestrial (and maybe other planets’) global climate variations.

A number of solar activity manifestations can affect the Earth’s atmosphere. The total solar irradiance (TSI) is the main energy source for the terrestrial system. TSI is dominated by visible light whose relative variations are only a fraction of a percent, but with the greatest absolute magnitude of change. With decreasing wavelength, the relative variations increase. Radiation in different spectral ranges affects different parts of the Earth’s atmosphere.

The Earth is also constantly exposed to the Sun’s corpuscular radiation as it together with the whole Solar System is inside the ever expanding solar atmosphere known as the “solar wind” – a flow of charged particles with embedded magnetic fields from the solar corona. On top of it, transient structures like Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and High Speed Solar Wind Streams (HSSs) ride whose interactions with the terrestrial magnetic field lead to geomagnetic storms.

High energy particles from CME or HSS associated shocks, or (mostly) from their interactions with the Earth’s magnetosphere, precipitate in the high latitude atmosphere leading to increased ionization, enhanced production of compounds which affect the ozone balance, radiative heating and cooling, and finally changes in atmospheric dynamics and large-scale circulation modes like the North Atlantic Oscillation governing the weather over most of the Northern hemisphere.

The solar wind magnetic field modulates the flux of galactic cosmic rays, high energy particles coming from outside the Solar system. Due to their high energy, they penetrate deep into the atmosphere. Their variations are found to be strongly correlated with the atmospheric global electric circuit, cloud cover, albedo, and infrared opacity, determining the Earth’s energy balance.

In this review, after a short introduction to solar activity, I will describe its above mentioned agents, and explain the suggested mechanisms by which they influence the atmosphere and climate. I will present observational evidences of such influences, highlight the recent advances, and the still unsolved questions and uncertainties.  
Statistical downscaling in the Tropics and Mid-latitudes: a comparative assessment for generating regional information on climate change.
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , Correa Carlos , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez-Guisado Esteban , Rodríguez-Camino Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Climate change impact and adaptation studies make use of future climate simulations by Global Climate Models (GCMs). Nevertheless, their coarse resolution makes it necessary to apply some sort of downscaling on them. There are two common approaches for this purpose, dynamical and statistical downscaling (SD), with their particular strengths and limitations. The computational cheapness of SD compared to dynamical downscaling, which allows to explore uncertainties through the generation of large ensembles, as well as its capability to downscale to single point scale, makes this option commonly used for impact and adaptation studies. SD has been extensively evaluated and applied in the extra tropics, but few experiences exist in tropical regions. In this study four state-of-the-art methods belonging to different families (Model Output Statistics, Analog, Transfer Function and Weather Generators) have been evaluated for maximum/minimum daily temperature and daily accumulated precipitation in two regions with very different climates: Spain (Mid-latitudes) and Central America (Tropics). Some key assumptions of SD have been tested: the strength of the predictors/predictand links, the skill of different approaches, the extrapolation capability of each method, the reliability of the GCMs themselves in each region, etc. Although SD has been found to be less skilful in the Tropics, it still adds important value over the raw projections by GCMs. No significant evidence of different reliability by GCMs in both regions has been detected, although this specific question might need a more detailed analysis. Relevant predictors in each region have been found to differ from one to another region, which was expected due to the different climate drivers in both regions. And finally, some methods have been found to behave significantly differently in each region.
Spatial Distance Metrics for Verification of Precipitation
Authors: Skok Gregor
Published: June 2022

Precipitation is an essential meteorological variable affecting the biosphere and human societies. At the same time, the precipitation is notoriously difficult to predict and verify. Two new spatial distance metrics for verification of precipitation are presented. The aim was to develop measures that would provide a good and meaningful approximation of the displacement of precipitation events in the two fields. An estimate of spatial displacement is very appealing for forecast interpretation because it is easy to understand and mimics how humans tend to judge fields by eye. Contrary to most other distance metrics, the new metrics do not require thresholding and can thus be used to analyze binary and non-binary (e.g., continuous or multi-level) fields. The analysis of comparisons with idealized geometric fields showed that the new metrics provide a good and meaningful approximation of the displacement in situations with a single displaced event. Typically, the estimate of displacement was better than the results provided by most other metrics that were also analyzed. For situations with multiple events, the measure’s behavior was not inconsistent with a subjective evaluation. The analysis also showed that the measures are not overly sensitive to noise, their results are directly related to the actual displacements of events, and that the events with a larger magnitude have a bigger influence on the resulting value. The analysis of ECMWF precipitation forecasts over Europe and North Africa confirmed that the new metrics provide a meaningful approximation of the displacement in real-world situations. The uncertainty of the mean value of the metric can be estimated via statistical parameters linked to the width of the distribution. The trend and its statistical significance can be determined using an appropriate variant of the Mann-Kendall test, which properly accounts for the autocorrelation present in the time series. The source codes for efficient calculation of the metrics were published in a freely accessible repository.
Enhanced solar radiation nowcasting by machine-learning-based blending of data-driven, satellite-images and all-sky-imagers based models
Authors: López-Cuesta Miguel , Aler-Mur Ricardo , Galvan-León Ines , Rodríguez-Benítez Javier , Pozo-Vázquez David
Published: June 2022

The share of solar energy in the electricity systems of many countries in the world will reach unprecedented values in the coming decades, fostered by the mitigation of climate change and also by the economic competitiveness of this energy. Accurate solar radiation forecasting models are critical for the integration of the increasing solar energy in power systems.

In this work, the benefits obtained by blending seven models: four All-sky imagers (ASI)-based, two satellite images based (one using low resolution and other using high-resolution images) and a data-driven model, were analyzed. The use of two blending models (linear and Random Forest (RF)) and two blending approaches (General and Horizon) were explored. The horizon approach constructs a different blending model for each forecast horizon, while the general approach trains a single model valid for all horizons. The study is conducted in southern Spain and blending models provide one-minute resolution 90-minutes ahead GHI and DNI forecasts. Results show the General approach and the RF blending model to perform superior and to provide enhanced forecasts. The relative improvement in rRMSE obtained by model blending was up to 30% for GHI (40% for DNI), being maximum at lead times between 15 and 30 minutes and negligible at lead times greater than 50 minutes. Results also show that blending of just the data-driven model and the two satellite models (low and high resolution), without including the ASI-based models, performs similarly to those blending models that used as input the ASI-based models. Results then indicate that, for point nowcasting, the use of ASI-based forecasting systems can be avoided by using a suitable blending of data-driven, high resolution and low resolution satellite-images-based forecasting models.
Estimating the current climate mean state at regional to local scales
Authors: Scherrer Simon C. , de Valk Cees , Begert Michael , Gubler Stefanie , Kotlarski Sven , Croci-Maspoli Mischa
Published: June 2022

Determining the current climate mean state (CCMS) on the regional and local scale is an important task of climate monitoring. The CCMS and the long-term climate change signal derived from it are relevant for a wide range of users. For climate variables with strong, possibly non-linear trends, accelerating climate change more and more disqualifies the use of traditional normals and long-term linear trends. Although several alternatives are in use, there are few comprehensive assessments of different approaches to estimate the CCMS, let alone a consensus on a new widely applicable standard. Here, we identify approaches based on historical data that allow accurate estimates, mainly using the example of the strongly changing Swiss mean temperature. The performance is assessed for the past and future combining long-term observations and climate projections with the centred 30-year mean (15 years observations, 15 years predictions) as CCMS benchmark. Several approaches, e.g. short-term linear trends, cubic splines and weighted local linear regression (LOESS) provide unbiased CCMS estimates for a broad range of climate scenarios and independent of trend magnitudes. Additional requirements such as the applicability to a wide range of variables, simplicity and the straightforward availability of uncertainty information are used to identify the most-suitable approaches. LOESS emerged as the most promising method in the overall assessment. KNMI already uses LOESS and MeteoSwiss plans to implement and use LOESS operationally in the near future. It will become MeteoSwiss’ new standard for determining long-term climate change signals and will also replace the Gaussian smoother currently used to visualise the evolution of climate variables.
Profiles of turbulence kinetic energy derived from Doppler lidar measurements
Authors: Päschke Eileen , Beyrich Frank , Detring Carola , Kayser Markus , Leinweber Ronny , Becker Claudia
Published: June 2022

Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is an important process variable to characterize the atmospheric boundary layer. State-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models solve a prognostic TKE equation, this generates the interest in measurement data of this variable for verification of the NWP model output. Operational TKE measurements are typically performed using 3D ultrasonic anemometers; this limits their availability to near-surface levels (up to about 200 m above ground at a few tower sites). Alternatively, TKE may be derived from measurements with ground-based remote sensing instruments, such as Doppler lidars.

At the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg – Richard-Aßmann-Observatory (MOL-RAO) of the German Meteorological Service (DWD) we have implemented an algorithm suggested by Smalikho und Banakh (2017, Atmos. Meas. Tech. 10, 4191–4208) to derive TKE profiles from Doppler lidar measurements. In addition, this algorithm allows to derive profiles of momentum flux, eddy dissipation rate and the integral length scale of turbulence. Thus, a consistent data set to characterize turbulent processes in the atmospheric boundary layer can be obtained. The method includes a correction for an underestimation of TKE due to pulse volume averaging effects. It is based on a special Doppler lidar scan regime - a continuous scan mode (CSM) with very high azimuthal resolution (< 2 deg). This implies using a small number of lidar pulses per ray such that classical data filtering approaches cannot be applied.

We briefly introduce the scan configuration and the methodology for TKE derivation and discuss an alternative data filtering approach which has been realized and tested at MOL-RAO. The methodology has been applied to a data set covering one year of quasi-operational measurements with a Halo Photonics Streamline Doppler lidar at MOL-RAOs boundary-layer field site (GM) Falkenberg. Here, the intercomparison of the derived TKE values versus sonic measurements at a height of 90m at the GM Falkenberg tower shows good agreement. Case studies illustrate the potential to characterize enhanced turbulence associated with cold pools affiliated to thunderstorms or in the shear zone below the axis of a nocturnal low-level jet. Finally, the Doppler lidar TKE values have been compared to the output of DWD’s NWP models.
Rainfall-induced landslide early warning system based on corrected mesoscale numerical models: an application for the southern Andes
Authors: Fustos-Toribio Ivo , Manque-Roa Nataly , Vásquez Antipan Daniel , Hermosilla Sotomayor Mauricio , Letelier Gonzalez Viviana
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Rainfall-induced landslides (RILs) are an issue in the southern Andes nowadays. RILs cause loss of life and damage to critical infrastructure. Rainfall-induced landslide early warning systems (RILEWSs) can reduce and mitigate economic and social damages related to RIL events. The southern Andes do not have an operational-scale RILEWS yet. In this contribution, we present a pre-operational RILEWS based on the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) model and geomorphological features coupled to logistic models in the southern Andes. The models have been forced using precipitation simulations. We correct the precipitation derived from WRF using 12 weather stations through a bias correction approach. The models were trained using 57 well-characterized RILs and validated by ROC analysis. We show that WRF has strong limitations in representing the spatial variability in the precipitation. Therefore, accurate precipitation needs a bias correction in the study zone. We used accurate precipitation simulation and slope, demonstrating a high predicting capacity (area under the curve, AUC, of 0.80). We conclude that our proposal could be suitable at an operational level under determined conditions. A reliable RIL database and operational weather networks that allow real-time correction of the mesoscale model in the implemented zone are needed. The RILEWSs could become a support to decision-makers during extreme-precipitation events related to climate change in the south of the Andes.
The determinants affecting the intention of urban residents to prepare for flood risk in China
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Lu Yunmeng , Liu Tiezhong , Zhang Yujiang , Yan Xiaohan , Liu Yi
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In the context of global warming and China's disaster response
patterns, it is critical to understand how to promote the effectiveness of
household flood protection measures among the public. In this study, we
developed a comprehensive theoretical framework based on protection
motivation theory (PMT) to identify the main determinants that influence
urban residents' intention to prepare for flood risk. In addition to the
fundamental factors in PMT, this framework also considered the influence of
individual coping attitudes and social context. We selected urban residents
in flood-prone areas of Henan Province as the study population as well as
collected 857 valid questionnaires through an online survey. Firstly, the
results showed that both threat perception and coping appraisal of flood
risk are effective in increasing residents' intention to prepare. Secondly,
negative risk-coping attitudes reduced people's intention to prepare. If
people do not perceive preparedness actions as absolutely necessary, they
will postpone them or shift their focus to public flood protection measures. In addition,
analysis of affective pathways revealed that negative emotion (worry) was
primarily influenced by perceptions of flood consequences and was not
significantly related to perceptions of likelihood. The analysis of trust
mechanisms showed that higher levels of trust in public flood protection
reduced people's perceptions of flood risk, thereby hindering their intention
to prepare for flood risk. Finally, we found that the positive influence
of social norms on preparedness intentions makes it appropriate to focus on
the power of social mobilization. The findings will provide theoretical
references for government departments to design further policy measures to
improve integrated flood risk management in China.
Progress in validation of rotor aerodynamic codes using field data
Authors: Boorsma Koen , Schepers Gerard , Aagard Madsen Helge , Pirrung Georg , Sørensen Niels , Bangga Galih , Imiela Manfred , Grinderslev Christian , Meyer Forsting Alexander , Zhong Shen Wen , Croce Alessandro , Cacciola Stefano , Schaffarczyk Alois Peter , Lobo Brandon , Blondel Frederic , Gilbert Philippe , Boisard Ronan , Höning Leo , Greco Luca , Testa Claudio , Branlard Emmanuel , Jonkman Jason , Vijayakumar Ganesh
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Within the framework of the fourth phase of International Energy Agency IEA Wind Task 29, a large comparison exercise between measurements and aero-elastic simulations has been carried out featuring three simulation cases in axial, sheared and yawed inflow conditions. Results were obtained from more than 19 simulation tools originating from 12 institutes ranging in fidelity from Blade Element Momentum (BEM) to Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD and compared to state of the art field measurements from the 2MW DanAero turbine. More than 15 different variable types ranging from lifting line variables to blade surface pressures, loads and velocities have been compared for the different conditions, resulting in over 250 comparison plots. The result is a unique insight into the current status and accuracy of rotor aerodynamic modeling. For axial flow conditions a good agreement was found between the various code types, where a dedicated grid sensitivity study was necessary for the CFD simulations. However, compared to wind tunnel experiments on rotors featuring controlled conditions, it remains a challenge to achieve good agreement of absolute levels between simulations and measurements in the field. For sheared inflow conditions, uncertainties due to rotational and unsteady effects on airfoil data result in the CFD predictions standing out above the codes that need input of sectional airfoil data. However, it was demonstrated that using CFD synthesized airfoil data is an effective means to bypass this shortcoming. For yawed flow conditions, it was observed that modeling of the skewed wake effect is still problematic for BEM codes where CFD and Free Vortex Wake codes inherently model the underlying physics correctly. The next step is a comparison in turbulent inflow conditions which is featured in IEA Wind Task 47. Doing this analysis in cooperation under the auspices of IEA Wind has led to many mutual benefits for the participants. The large size of the consortium brought ample manpower for the analysis where the learning process by combining several complementary experiences and modeling techniques gave valuable insights that could not be found when the analysis is carried out individually.
Pelatihan Android Bagi Atlet Disabilitas Di NPC Provinsi Banten
Authors: Hidayatullah Reko , Gatot Priambodo Caka , Susano Adhi , Prasetya Rudi Prasetya
Published: June 2022

Sebuah sistem informasi yang lebih optimal dari sistem yang sudah ada dimana sistem informasi ini berguna untuk mengetahui biodata atlet disabilitas yang berada di NPC Provinsi Banten. Perancangan dan pengembangan sistem menghasilkan sebuah produk aplikasi yang diberi nama Sistem Informasi Atlet Disabilitas (SIAD), yaitu model informasi biodata atlet disabilitas NPC Provinsi Banten yang beroperasi secara mobile menggunakan sistem operasi android. Penting bagi staf dan atlet untuk mengetahui tentang produk sistem informasi atlet disabilitas NPC Provinsi Banten berbasis android yang menarik ini, serta dapat mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan smartphone berbasis android. Untuk menambah atau memperkaya pengetahuan staf dan atlet di NPC (National Paralympic Committee) Provinsi Banten tentang perkembangan teknologi informasi maka tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui dosen-dosen informatika Universitas Indraprasta PGRI mengadakan sosialisasi pengetahuan tentang sistem android dalam informasi atlet disabilitas sebagai suatu produk sistem yang menampilkan informasi-informasi NPC Provinsi Banten terkait atlet disabilitasnya. Diharapkan sosialisasi ini dapat berdampak baik bagi staf dan atlet disabilitas dalam memahami produk aplikasi ini dan pengetahuan teknologi informasinya.
Sex allocation in inflorescences of the self-compatible Polygonatum verticillatum (Liliaceae)
Authors: Guitián Javier , Guitián Pablo
Published: June 2022

The modularity and sequential flower production in hermaphroditic plants enable them to modify sex allocation in response to biotic or abiotic environmental variation. To test three predictions derived from the relationship between sexual specialization and compatibility levels, we analyzed the breeding system (self-incompatibility) of Polygonatum verticillatum and the variation in sexual investment to stamens, ovules, pollen grains and P:O ratio among flowers at different positions of the inflorescence. Our results show that in self-compatible P. verticillatum sexual investment varies throughout the inflorescence with an increase in the number of pollen grains but does not show male specialization in top flowers, unlike other self-incompatible species of the genus previously studied. Comparative studies of the variation in floral sex allocation between taxonomically close species should contribute to a better interpretation of the relationships between sexual investment and the breeding system.
Bautista Naranjo, Esther, (2020) El mito del Quijote en la novela francesa de los siglos XIX y XX. Biblioteca de Estudios Cervantinos, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Miguel de Cervantes, 304 p. ISBN: 978-84-18254-78-9
Authors: Fernández de Toro Helena
Published: June 2022

Envío adjunto la reseña de la obra de Esther Bautista Naranjo, titulado El mito del Quijote en la novela francesa de los siglos XIX y XX. Un estudio donde se reflexiona y se analiza el legado del mito cervantino desde una perspectiva metodológica novedosa: la mitocrítica. En la reseña, destacamos los temas principales del tema y ponemos en valor el resultado obtenido por la investigadora y todas las conclusiones que favorecen y enriquecen el estudio cervantino científico.
L' œil animal dans l’œuvre de Claude Simon
Authors: Leneveu Melanie
Published: June 2022

Le motif de l’œil animal est récurrent dans les œuvres de Claude Simon, que ce soit à l’occasion de la rencontre d’une bête par un personnage humain qui « se voit vu », ou dans le cadre d’une comparaison qui prête à l’être humain des caractéristiques animales. L’œil, « vu au lieu de voir », est une interface de contact avec l’altérité absolue qu’est l’animal, énigmatique et imprévisible, mais il se fait aussi miroir pour le personnage humain, qui y reconnaît sa propre image. Il arrive enfin que le narrateur décèle un trait animal dans le regard des personnages ; loin de se limiter à une forme de caricature anthropozoomorphe, cette animalisation du regard humain, couplée à une humanisation du regard animal, témoigne de la porosité des frontières tracées par notre auteur entre l’espèce humaine et les animaux.
Suketu Mehta, This Land Is Our Land: An Immigrant’s Manifesto, Vintage, London, 2021, pp. 304, $27.14 (Hardcover), ISBN 9781529112955
Authors: Hylton Akyildiz Sevket
Published: June 2022

This Land is Our Land: An Immigrant’s Manifesto is a timely and topical book that makes the case that migrants from the Global South, for several reasons, will continue to arrive in the Global North in numbers and provide much needed affordable and quality labour. At the same time, populists, right-wingers and nationalists will continue with their fear-mongering and scapegoating of immigrants and refugees in the receiving countries. To analyse this and investigate the critical political, economic, social and environmental factors that motivate the migrants to uproot and move abroad requires a balanced researcher to understand and explain the historical and colonial influence on human migration and someone sympathetic to the immigrants and the receiving societies.
Kirsten Forkert, Federico Oliveri, Gargi Bhattacharyya and Janna Graham, How media and conflicts make migrants, Manchester University Press, 2020, pp. 224, £80.00, ISBN: 978-1-5261-3811-8
Authors: SARKER Jahidul Islam
Published: June 2022

Following the Arab Spring, massive migrations of people from the Middle East, Asia, and Africa have arrived in Europe. The humanitarian crisis was dubbed a "Migration Crisis" by the western media, and it was projected as a threat to Europe. The mainstream media and European states together made the displaced people ‘migrants’ who cannot deserve the natural right of a regular citizen. How media and conflicts make migrants by Kirsten Forkert, Federico Oliveri, Gargi Bhattacharyya and Janna Graham examines how ‘global conflict’ has been constructed through media representations. The book focuses on the United Kingdom and Italy, two countries that have been hit by a wave of refugees and whose citizens are wary of European institutions. The book is the outcome of an AHRC-funded research project entitled Conflict, Memory, and Displacement.
Nermin Abadan-Unat, Bitmeyen Göç: Konuk İşçilikten Ulus-Ötesi Yurttaşlığa (Unending Migration: from Guest-worker to Transnational Citizen), İstanbul Bilgi University Press, İstanbul, 2017, pp. 488, ₺55.51 (Hardcover), ISBN 9789756857472
Authors: Derya Canpolat Medine
Published: June 2022

Migration has been an indispensable part of human life and one of the most important social phenomena that constantly changes and gains new forms. The book Unending Migration: From Guest-Worker to Transnational Citizenship by Nermin Abadan-Unat, who is the most prominent and well-known scholar in the field of migration, provides information on how migration typologies have changed and a comprehensive explanation for how Turkey's migration experience gained new forms. In the book, Abadan-Unat argues the repercussions of migration on Turkish society and the international arena. She argues that migration, which was merely related to demographers initially, has become the main topic of national and international policies of all developed and developing countries, and will remain on the agenda for a long time (p. 48). She presents the immigrants with the identity of transnational citizenship through either the form of demographic data or a case study. This book, the product of her studies on the history of Turkey's migration experiences for 50 years, is written with the target of examining theoretical discussions and empirical researches (p. 4).
Peranan Alat Deteksi Kebakaran Dalam Menunjang Keselamatan di Kapal MT. Mabrouk
Authors: Sutantyo Erwin , Susanti Susanti
Published: June 2022

One of the efforts to prevent or reduce accidents at work is the use of work safety tools. Fires can occur anywhere, one of which can occur in water transportation equipment, namely ships. Ship accidents caused by fire hazards are very likely to occur. Ships must be detected early to prevent the occurrence of such fires. Therefore, it is necessary to know the use of fire detection equipment in supporting safety on ships. The aim is to prevent fire hazards from spreading and support the ship’s safety, cargo, and, humans. life. This research was carried out on the ship MT Mabrouk. The method used in this research /is a qualitative method that produces descriptive data. Based on the results of research and discussion of problems regarding the fire detection equipment, It was found that there were problems with the ship's lack of coordination with the company and the responsibility of the ship's officers for fire detection equipment that is lacking so that the fire detection device does not function properly. Therefore, the captain must ensure that safety equipment such as tools to start activities to achieve safety from fire hazards is also carried out to control reports made by officers responsible for this equipment. The results of the research and observation can be concluded that shipping companies pay less attention to safety for their crews including ships and their cargo because of a lack of concern for the procurement of safety equipment on board. The author’ is that it is hoped that the participation of shipping companies in supporting the procurement of ship safety equipment for safety at sea.
Analisa Penyebab Penurunan Kinerja Cargo Oil Pump dan Seat Ring Valve Terhadap Kelancaran Discharge Cargo di Kapal Tanker
Authors: Ndori Ahmad , Susanto Susanto , Adief Achriyan Duchan
Published: June 2022

The condition of the ship is very influential in one of the transportation. The results of field study observations on the ship MT. Dewayani, the authors found a cargo that could not be sucked in by the cargo oil pump (COP). This is due to a damaged valve seat ring. This study aims to determine the impact of the seat ring valve on the COP system, determine the factors causing the seat ring valve damage, and determine the role of the crew in maintaining the seat ring valve. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Observations, interviews, literature studies, and documentation studies were conducted to collect data. The results of the study concluded that a damaged ring valve caused air to enter the COP system which had no bad impact. The cause of the seat ring valve damage is the lack of maintenance and the lack of professionalism of the crew, overrunning hours, and spare parts not according to the manual book. The role of the crew is to carry out maintenance according to PMS, operate according to the manual book, be calm and focused when there are problems, and cooperate between crew members.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Praktek Kewirausahaan Dan Ekspektasi Pendapatan Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa
Authors: Ani Dyah Setyoningrum Ari
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic provides very valuable learning, especially for students to make breakthroughs in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship provides opportunities for students to earn income. With entrepreneurship, the opportunity to earn a large income is wide open than being an employee. Expectations or hopes for a better income are one of the factors that influence whether a person wants to become an entrepreneur or not (Afrizal, Rafiy, & Nusantara, 2018). In addition, entrepreneurship practice education also affects students' interest in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial mental attitude in students can be instilled through entrepreneurship practice education based on entrepreneurial values ​​(Suryana, 2013). The purpose is to analyze the effect of income expectations and entrepreneurial practice education on students' interest in entrepreneurship. This research design uses quantitative research methods. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews and questionnaires. The analytical technique used in this research is descriptive statistics. The analytical tool used is the SmartPLS version 3.0 software. The research prove that the variables of income expectations and entrepreneurial practice education have a significant positive effect on students' interest in entrepreneurship.
A Comparison Between Complications Following Total Versus Subtotal Thyroidectomy: A Literature Review
Authors: Al Sadder Khalid A. , Ali Noor , Alsharekh Samy , Mazen Bader , Alqaysi Layal , Alhabib Reem , Malallah Khaled , F. Alenezi Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Thyroidectomy is a common procedure performed for various medical conditions such as hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. As with any other procedure, thyroidectomy has several complications such as Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) injury, hypocalcemia, and hematoma. Total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy are two main types of procedures performed with each having their own common complications. This literature review aims to compare common complications that occur in total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy. Three main complications, RLN injury, hypocalcemia, and hematoma formation, are reviewed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar with a Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) approach to ensure a clear and reliable reporting of findings. Complications post thyroidectomy may be life threatening where prompt attention and follow up is needed to insure effective management. Risk factors for hematoma formation include age >45, gender (male sex), Graves’ disease, systolic blood pressure >150, and the use of Ketorolac or Aspirin. Identification of the RLN intra-operatively is an important step in order to decrease the risk of occurrence. While hypocalcemia is the most common post-operative complication, an increased risk of developing both hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism occurs in total thyroidectomy in comparison to subtotal thyroidectomy. In conclusion, complications from thyroidectomy may be life threatening indicating the necessity of post-operative care. The incidence and measures for decreasing the risk of post-operative complications may vary with the type of thyroidectomy performed.
Quality of Life and Satisfaction Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Aljifa Mohammad , Alzahrani Abdulaziz , Bajawi Abdulrahman , Alsagoor Sharafi , Al-Amri Saleh , Algethami Haitham , Alsufyani Abdullah , Alzaid Abdullah , Alhefdi Hatim , Alrasheedi Waleed , Radi Layana
Published: June 2022

Endodontic treatment entails the removal of pulpal tissue, the filing and contouring of root canals, the obturation of the root canal space, and the placement of a permanent replacement for the tooth. The extent to which a person appreciates the essential possibilities of life is defined as quality of life. Oral disorders, including diseaserelated symptoms, can have a substantial influence on people's daily life. As a result, there has been a significant interest in determining the degree to which individual oral disorders impose a weight of illness on afflicted communities and the usefulness of health services in alleviating that burden in recent years. Patient reports of oral health-related quality of life have only lately begun to supplement the limited professional assessment based solely on clinical data. This allows for the creation of treatment regimens that are more closely customized to the preferences and demands of the patients. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the quality of life and satisfaction outcomes of endodontic treatment. The ability to compare endodontic treatment results to those of other dental and medical procedures, as well as undertake health economic studies, makes determining the impact of endodontic treatment on health-related quality of life appealing. Dental treatment has a substantial impact on overall happiness and quality of life. Treatment with endodontics increases one's quality of life. By stressing the broader personal and societal repercussions of oral diseases and disorders, quality of life instruments and dental satisfaction scores can be used to bring dentistry into line with contemporary ideas of health care.
An Overview of the History and Development of Health Services Management Education, Training, and Practice in Saudi Arabia: Calling for Change
Authors: Almansour Husam
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to outline the history and development of health, services, management, training, and practice in Saudi Arabia and provide suggestions for enhancement of the development of the profession. A comprehensive descriptive needs assessment was conducted retrospectively through direct observation, online websites, interviews, and a review of existing documents from government agencies. Conducting a series of studies on the type and number of candidates required in this industry is essential for shaping the structure of education in health services management.
Predictors and Associated Risk Factors of Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rahman Rahmathulla Safiyul , Almomen Farah , Alajmi Ali Artam , Asir Ibrahim , Basudan Sarah , Alenezi Munirah , Alabdulwahab Faisal , Al shammari Shihanah , Aldakheel Abdullah , Al Shehri Abdulrahman , Alabdulmohsen Marya
Published: June 2022

Diabetes is a worldwide growing metabolic disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Type 2 diabetes is one of the subclasses of diabetes mellitus which is more prevalent than the other classes of diabetes approximately accounting for 90% of cases and if not diagnosed and managed timely can lead to quite serious complications. The development of type 2 diabetes is associated with both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the predictors and associated risk factors of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. As a global epidemic and a major threat to the global economy, type 2 diabetes is high on the international health agenda. Insulin resistance and cellular dysfunction are strongly influenced by both genes and nature. Since genetic factors are uncontrollable, modifiable risk factors must be controlled to prevent type 2 diabetes. Old age, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking is among the major predictors and risk factors of type 2 diabetes also individuals having family history of diabetes are an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is also considered a significant predictor of type 2 diabetes. Women who suffered from gestational diabetes as well as their children, are also at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Literature has revealed the potential predictors and risk factors of type 2 diabetes, which can help predict and diagnose the risk of diabetes even before symptoms develop. The risk of type 2 diabetes can be reduced by adopting a healthy lifestyle for which awareness campaigns and seminars can be beneficial in educating the public.
The National council of public trust as a mechanism for implementing deliberative democracy
Authors: Abishev Gaziz
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the development of the mechanisms of deliberative democracy in Kazakhstan during the period of political transition on the example of the National Council of Public Trust under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The head of state, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, in his Address to the people on March 16, 2022, stated that the National Council of Public Trust “successfully fulfilled its tasks”. Thus, the National Council ceases to exist, on its basis the “National Kurultai” will be created, which makes it possible to analyze the results of the activities of the National Council from the moment it was launched until the moment it ceased to work.Kazakhstan is at a critical stage of political development. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev is pursuing a policy of fundamental political reforms aimed at building an effective democratic socially oriented society. There is a lot of work to be done to restructure the political architecture of the country. At the same time, the world political science has been considering the shortcomings of institutional democracy associated with the capitalist mode of production and the development of information technologies for several decades. Various methods for improving democracy are proposed. Deliberative democracy is one of them. It should be noted that elements of deliberative democracy are already beginning to be used in Kazakhstan in the form of the institution of the National Council of Public Trust, as well as Public Councils in various areas of public administrationThe article uses the methods of structural-functional and discursive analysis, discusses official documents, as well as potential scenarios for the development of events
TRANSITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN TO THE LATIN ALPHABETAS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS MODERNIZATION
Authors:   Astana IT University, Zhalmagambetova Saltanat
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the problems relevant for the citizens of Kazakhstan related to the transition to the Latin alphabet and the desire of the state to improve the quality of teaching English in the country as part of the trilingual policy, which implies equal command of the population of Kazakh, Russian and English. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the modernization of public consciousness in Kazakhstan under the influence of the state’s transition to the Latin alphabet. The following methods were applied in the article: analysis of the legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, official documents of state authorities and statements of the state’s leadership, analysis of the scientific literature and the method of historicism. The author of the article argues that in the coming years Kazakhstan will be able to fully integrate into the system of international communication in English at the state level. Despite the existing difficulties and the postponement of the transition to the Latin alphabet to 2031, as well as the need for greater consolidation of society on this issue and for resolving existing concerns and contradictions, the policy of trilingualism has been successfully implemented for many years, and the level of English proficiency in the country is gradually increases, providing new opportunities for international communication for young professionals. In essence, the transition to the Latin alphabet in Kazakhstan is a significant factor in the modernization of public consciousness.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE CURRENT TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kozhakhmetova Assel , Akhmetova Zaure ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Turlybekova Nadira ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: June 2022

Technological development is one of the indicators of a country's competitiveness, indicating the presence of advanced research and innovation. This paper discusses the technological development of the country, from the point of view of the infrastructural elements of the national innovation system. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of development of the technological basis of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For the evaluation were used quantitative and qualitative methods, and cluster analysis. The results of the study revealed the main barriers to technological development, such as the low level of maturity of the technological infrastructure and institutional environment. Suggestions and conclusions can be used by stakeholders from the business environment, as well as organizations representing the country's national innovation system.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE PRIMERS OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE UNITED STATES
Authors:   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Serikbayev Bauyrzhan , Sergazin Erbolat ,   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University
Published: June 2022

In 2020, the «Nur Otan» party decided to hold primaries for the first time in our country. This political race took place as an intra-party primary and was held in a mixed format, where only party members could vote. There is every reason to believe that the composition of maslikhats and deputies of the Parliament of the country has been updated through the primaries. For example, there are 216 maslikhats of different levels in the country. The share of young people in it was 2% before the primaries were held in 2020. The share of the population in the Republic is 25% of young people. Through the primaries, the ruling party allocated a quota of 20% for young people and 30% for women. This contributed to the renewal of the Majilis and 216 deputies of maslikhats of different levels. This article discusses in detail the primaries of Kazakhstan and the United States of America and provides recommendations for further improvement of internal party elections.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR NEW VOTING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
Authors:   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Amirzhanova A.
Published: June 2022

The main condition for the formation of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an independent, sovereign state is the formation of a democratic society. The democratic processes taking place in the country require further improvement of the electoral system, which is one of the most important institutions for the formation and development of democracy. The formation of government bodies by popular vote is the basis of a democratic political system. The process of its passage depends on the use of new electoral technologies. Therefore, ensuring the impartiality and purity of the voting results is a task of great political importance. One of the main features of the electoral processes of the 21st century is the technological nature, consisting of new terms - digital and mobile revolutions, digitalization, virtual space, electronic democracy, electronic government, electronic governance, electronic voting. At the present stage of the development of electoral law, a rather promising direction is the introduction of electronic voting tools and complexes using digital technologies into the practice of conducting elections. An erroneous opinion is the understanding of digital technologies used at the stages and phases of the electoral process as electronic voting, with the exception of the voting process. Electronic voting is a term denoting various types of voting, including electronic means of voting, as well as technical electronic means of counting votes.