bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus vaccination coverage among the female population living in the state of Goiás, Brazil, 2014-2020: a time series study
Authors: Oliveira Iana Mundim de , Martins Bruno César Teodoro , Soares Leonardo Ribeiro
Published: May 2024

Abstract Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among the female population aged 10 to 14 years, living in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between 2014 and 2022. Methods: This was an ecological time series study using data from the Brazilian National Health System Information Technology Department (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS); the annual vaccination coverage rate was calculated based on the number of second doses administered; the trend of the rates was analyzed using the Prais-Winsten model. Results: A total of 407,217 second doses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine were administered to the female population aged 10-14 years, with annual vaccination coverage rates ranging from 12.3% (2019) to 30.0% (2015), and an annual percentage change (APC) of 0.7% (95%CI 0.9; 0.2; p-value = 0.030). Conclusion: In Góias state, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine coverage rate was below the national target (80%), showing a stationary trend in the time series.
A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E A (COM)VIVÊNCIA ENTRE-CULTURAS: TECNOLOGIA, INOVAÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE NO MEIO EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Vitoriano-Gonçalves Luana , Venturini Maria Cleci
Published: May 2024

O objetivo delimitado para a presente pesquisa é estabelecer os motivos pelos quais o dispositivo Tecnologia e inovação pode vir a alterar os modos como os alunos e os professores empregam o digital no contexto escolar. Para tanto, faz-se necessário traçar as relações entre a globalização e a (com)vivência entre as culturas e refletir sobre os modos de economia da agência o desenvolvimento das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação. Nesta conjuntura, tornam-se relevantes as perspectivas teóricas de Foucault (2006; 2012a; 2012b), Bauman (1999), Pieroni; Fermino; Caliman (2014), Canclini (1999; 1997) e Belloni (2009). Os resultados da investigação ressaltam que uma educação inovadora precisa ser: capaz de criar condições de emergência para a reflexão crítica; espaço para a (co)existência de sujeitos e de diversidade, e viabilizar condições de possibilidades de utilização do digital como meio para novas formas de ver, de pensar e de estar no mundo.
Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) Nanogel in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Model: Anti-Arthritic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidative Activity
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Husen Fajar , Fitrianto Nur
Published: May 2024

Lingzhi or reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, is a medicinal mushroom quite widely developed as herbal medicine because it has acted as an anticancer, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The active mycochemical compounds of G. lucidum mushrooms, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, can suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease where the exact cause is unknown, and RA prevalence continues to increase yearly. In patients with RA, joint damage and inflammation occur. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of G. lucidum nanogels as anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative. The research method was a true experiment using a control group and treatment group that randomly assigned, using 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 0.1 mL. The rats were divided into six groups; healthy control/HCt (did not receive the treatment), negative control/NCt (induced by CFA), and positive control/PCt (given 0.012 diclofenac sodium). TG1 (given 250 mg G. lucidum nanogels), TG2 (given 500 mg G. lucidum nanogels), TG3 (given 750 mg G. lucidum nanogels). IgG, eNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, NOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 parameters were measured using ELISA, and the data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS (P < 0.05). The results showed that administering G. lucidum nanogels significantly reduced IgG, NOS, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 and increased eNOS levels. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing eNOS levels prove that the nanogel extract G. lucidum have the potential to be developed as anti-arthritis natural therapeutic.
ROLE OF PHYSICS IN PHYSICS-INFORMED MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Chandra Abhishek , Bakarji Joseph , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: May 2024

Physical systems are characterized by inherent symmetries, one of which is encapsulated in the units of their parameters and system states. These symmetries enable a lossless order-reduction, e.g., via dimensional analysis based on the Buckingham theorem. Despite the latter's benefits, machine learning (ML) strategies for the discovery of constitutive laws seldom subject experimental and/or numerical data to dimensional analysis. We demonstrate the potential of dimensional analysis to significantly enhance the interpretability and generalizability of ML-discovered secondary laws. Our numerical experiments with creeping fluid flow past solid ellipsoids show how dimensional analysis enables both deep neural networks and sparse regression to reproduce old results, e.g., Stokes law for a sphere, and generate new ones, e.g., an expression for an ellipsoid misaligned with the flow direction. Our results suggest the need to incorporate other physics-based symmetries and invariances into ML-based techniques for equation discovery.
REVIEW: MATERIALS FOR IMPREGNATION OF POROUS METALLIZATION THERMAL SPRAYED ANTICORROSIVE COATINGS OF SUBMERSIBLEOILFIELD EQUIPMENT. Part 1
Authors: Pozdeeva A.Yu. , Amosov A.P. , Yudin P.E.
Published: May 2024

Submersible oilfield equipment undergoes aggressive corrosive effects of petroleum fluid, abrasive effects of mechanical impurities during operation, and also operates at elevated temperatures in the bottom. The most effective way to protect the outer surface of oilfield equipment is the use of metallization thermal sprayed coatings, and therefore the application of thermal spraying technology is becoming more and more in demand.However, the formation of a coating structure from many particles of molten material, due to their spraying, incomplete melting and loose packaging, leads to the formation of porosity, and porosity is one of the main disadvantages of thermal sprayed coatings. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is possible to use impregnation of porous coatings with various compositions, in which case the coating becomes composite. Depending on the operating environment, temperature conditions and operating conditions, metal, organic and inorganic impregnating compositions are used,but their use in the oil environment has been little studied, therefore the development of composite impregnated coatings is relevant for the protection of submersible oilfield equipment. The article highlights the influence of technological modes of its application on the porosity of thermal sprayed coating and the quality of substrate surface preparation. The main methods of sealing the porosity of thermal sprayed coatings by impregnation are described. The mechanism of impregnation (infiltration) of porous coatings, used methods of application and their classification are described, the determining role of wetting the coating with an impregnating material is emphasized. The effect of the rough surface of a thermal sprayed coating is shown, which consists in enhancing the wetting properties of the impregnating composition, the influence of roughness on the formation of adhesive bonds between the coating and the impregnating composition.The review presents traditional impregnating materials used in industry and their application modes.The application of metal and non-polymer inorganic impregnating compounds, represented mainly by salts of inorganic acids (nitrates, phosphates, silicates), is described. Specific test results are presented, including for the corrosion and abrasive resistance of thermal sprayed coatings after the application of impregnating compounds.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROPERTIES OF COATINGS USED TO PROTECT THE PUMP AND COMPRESSOR PIPE
Authors: Kalashnikov V.S. , Zubairov T.A.
Published: May 2024

In this article considers basic properties of protective coatings applied to the inner wall of tubing in order to extend pump and compressor pipe (PCP) service life PCP and minimize operational risks. The main complicating factors, such as scale deposits, corrosion aggressiveness, mechanical impurities, etc., arising during PCP operation are specified, groups of test media and test parameters for grading different types of coatings according to their resistance to complicating factors are singled out. Influence of various aggressive media on PCP, such as distilled water, petroleum product simulator, etc., coatings is described, and test media and test parameters for protective coatings are reviewed. The basic methods for determining the physical and mechanical characteristics, such as determining adhesion, thickness and dielectric continuity, of coatings are given, and brief informative and descriptive references for each of them are given. Recommendations are given for testing protective coatings on the inner surface of PCP for compliance with technical requirements, which ultimately allows selecting materials most resistant to aggressive field environments. The relevance of studying the influence of aggressive media on the protective coatings of the inner wall of tubing is due to the need to increase the level of reliability and durability of technical systems in operating conditions. The work is of interest to specialists in the field of materials science, technical expertise and tubing design, as well as researchers involved in the development of new materials and methods for surface protection in operating conditions. The results obtained will optimize the choice of protective coatings for specific operating conditions, which helps to increase the service life of tubing and reduce maintenance costs. This is of direct importance for reducing the risks of accidents and the environmental consequences of oil and gas production processes. In addition, the development of innovative materials and methods for protecting the surfaces of the inner wall of the tubing contributes to improving the efficiency of the operation of oil and gas wells, as well as helps to reduce equipment downtime.
STUDY OF MICROSCALE PORE STRUCTURE AND FRACTURING ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHINA SHALE FIELD
Authors: Qiaofei Fu , Wei Jianguang , Sultanov Sh.Kh. , Qiaofeng Zhou , Gayubov Abdumalik , Xingguang Sui
Published: May 2024

Accurate characterization of pores and fractures in shale reservoirs is the theoretical basis for effective exploration and development of shale oil and gas. Currently, the scientific community has developed methods for determining the characteristics of the pore and fracture structure of shales with different resolutions, and also discussed the mechanisms of the influence of the characteristics of pores and cracks on the filtration of shale oil and gas. In this work, firstly, a three-dimensional model of a variable-scale pore-fracture structure was created. Secondly, on the basis of data obtained using computed tomography, the characteristics of the development of pores and cracks at different geometric sizes (25 and 2 mm) were statistically analyzed. Third, pore and fracture structures of mixed, felsitic and laminated felsitic shale have been relatively studied. The results show that: (a) the fractured porosity of group I felsite shale is 0.36–0.89 %; mixed shale of group I is 0.34–0.47 %; mixed shale of group III is 0.12–0.86 %; mixed shale of group III is 0.13–0.15 %. (b) Compared to mixed shale of group I, fracturing in felsite shale of the same group is more developed. In addition, the average fractured porosity of felsite shale is 0.28 % greater than that of mixed shale. After analyzing group III, it was noticed that the cracks of the mixed dolomite shale are less developed compared to the mixed shale of the same group, while the average porosity of the cracked shale is 0.33 % less than that of the cracks of the mixed shale (c). Various components of shale samples are distinguished on a gray scale. High density components are bright white (e.g. pyrite); medium density components — light gray (for example, quartz, carbonate and clay minerals); low-density components — dark gray (for example, organic matter); cracks — black (d). The volume of matrix components is relatively high and constitutes the bulk of the total volume of shale samples. The distribution of high-density minerals has a certain randomness. High-density ellipsoidal or irregular minerals (mainly pyrite) range in diameter from a few microns to hundreds of microns, and their volume is relatively small (e). Three types of microscale fractures are mainly developed in shale: microscale fractures within mineral particles (intragranular fractures), microscale fractures between mineral particles (intergranular fractures), and shrinkage fractures. Intragranular cracks are mainly microscale cracks formed by rigid particles that collapse in a certain direction under stress.
Using the Experience of South Korea in the Establishment of the Probation System in Russia
Authors: Rekhovskiy Alexander , Filonenko Tatiana
Published: May 2024

In this article, the authors discuss the opportunities and challenges of implementing a probation system in Russia based on the Federal Law "On Probation in the Russian Federation" adopted in 2023. It is noted that this law has a framework character and requires the development of a detailed regulatory framework for its full-fledged functioning from the beginning of 2024. The authors propose strategies for implementing the law, which include effective communication and coordination between stakeholders, training programs, the involvement of volunteers and non-profit organizations. The article provides a comparative analysis of Russian probation practices and the Korean probation system, which is recognized as one of the most advanced among APR countries. This system has a complex structure, it includes professional and volunteer staff, various rehabilitation programs and offender support services. The challenges facing the Korean probation system are highlighted, including urbanization, an economic crisis, an ageing population and a lack of resources. The authors emphasize the lessons that can be learned from the South Korean experience, especially the potential benefits of electronic monitoring, spiritual education and other aspects of probation. The study shows that the active participation of volunteers contributes to the successful rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders. The importance of a holistic approach to probation is emphasized, as it takes into account not only the offender's personal characteristics but also his or her relationship with the community. The authors stress that certain elements of the Korean probation system, such as the involvement of volunteers in the implementation of offender re-socialization programs, as well as the emphasis on community involvement can heighten the effectiveness of the probation system in Russia. The article underscores the importance of studying and applying international experience in the field of probation, as well as the need to study UN and Council of Europe documents and improve the system of recording recidivism rates in Russia.
A Mathematical Model of Information Confrontation: Discrete Adaptive Control of the System
Authors: Timofeev Sergey , Baenkhaeva Ayuna
Published: May 2024

The article presents the first results of controlling the mathematical model of information confrontation proposed by the authors in earlier works. This model made it possible to better understand the process of spreading new information in society through the media and made it possible to link the main factors identified to describe this action into a system. The model is a system of ordinary differential equations with quadratic nonlinearity on the right side. A component is installed in the parameter space, by controlling which it is possible to obtain ratios that determine the predictable behavior of the trajectory of the system from any starting point corresponding to the meaningful meaning. The algorithm proposed in the article for constructing discrete adaptive control makes it possible to bring the information confrontation to a scenario beneficial to one of the parties. The theoretical results obtained were confirmed in numerical experiments on the model, which were carried out using the solve_ivp module of the SciPy library of the Python programming language.
A Legal Conundrum - The Duty to Reasonably Accommodate: A Comment on Legal Aid South Africa v Jansen 2020 41 ILJ 2580 (LAC)
Authors: Gresse Estie , Werner Gresse
Published: May 2024

Persons with disabiliites are a historically marginalised minority, but they do possess the capacity to make a valuable contribution in the workplace. Disabilty in no way dimisses the right of individuals to be employed and to make a contribution to the labour market and the economy at large. Recent case law suggests that the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled respondents remains a conundrum for both respondents and employers in South Africa. In Legal Aid South Africa v Jansen 2020 41 ILJ 2580 (LAC) the Labour Appeal Court (LAC) overturned a judgment by the Labour Court that found that Legal Aid unfairly discriminated against a respondent with depression. In 2018, the Labour Court ordered Legal Aid to reinstate Mr Jansen in that it had acted unfairly as his depression was most likely the true cause for his misconduct. On appeal, the LAC emphasised that in order to prove automatic unfair dismissal an applicant must prove both factual and legal causation. The LAC further found that the most dominant reason for Mr Jansen's dismissal was his misconduct and not his depression. Nonetheless, the LAC emphasised that depression is a prevalent illness in the current work environment and that all employers have a duty to deal with depression in a sympathetic manner and were reminded of their obligation to investigate the disability fully, to consider reasonable accommodation and to consider alternatives short of dismissal. Respondents were also reminded of the fact that they need to co-operate with their employers. Whilst South Africa has made significant progress in enacting legislation, codes, and guidelines to lay the foundation for reasonable accommodation, role-players, with specific reference to employers and the judiciary, often overlook these detailed guidelines, especially in cases where the employee suffers from depression. Disabilty is often used interchangeably with incapacity, which is problematic. This article argues that employers should follow a broad interpretation of the guidelines contained in the Code of Good Practice: Key Aspects on the Employment of People with Disabilities (2002), as well as the Technical Assistance Guidelines. Multi-party consultations and investigations need to be conducted, with the assistance of experts, if needs be. It is further suggested that until South Africa has targeted legislation and policies which make disability management functions mandatory, reasonable accommodation will remain a conundrum.
Donauwasserflockung mit Aluminiumsulfat?
Authors: Schneck Alexander , Lucke Thomas
Published: May 2024

Die europaweite Knappheit an eisenhaltigen Flockungsmitteln hat zu Problemen in der Wasseraufbereitung geführt. Die Landeswasserversorgung in Langenau war gezwungen, Aluminiumsulfat als Alternative zu Eisenchloridsulfat zu untersuchen. Laborversuche wurden durchgeführt, um für die bestehende Flockungssedimentationsanlage optimale Betriebsparameter auszuloten. Eine Dosis von 5 bis 6 mg/L Al3+ mit resultierenden pH-Werten von 7,3 bis 7,4 lieferte gute Ergebnisse. Im großtechnischen Versuch verlief der Wechsel auf Aluminiumsulfat erfolgreich, ein „Plan B“ für die Zukunft liegt nun vor.
On the Path to Success: the Influence of Motivation and Self-regulation Resources on the Academic Achievements of University Students
Authors: Merikova M.A.
Published: May 2024

Currently, the higher education system is constantly changing: the education of increasing number of students is becoming associated with the use of distance technologies, which is why it is so important to identify motivational factors that have a potential impact on the academic success of students of different forms of education. The sample of the study consisted of 114 students of different forms of education (74 extramural students with the use of E-Learning and Distance Educational Technologies and 40 full-time students). Two indicators were used to measure academic achievements: the average score for all previous examination sessions and the self-appraisal of learning scale of the questionnaire by T.V. Kornilova et al. The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) was used to study the motivational-semantic component, the Brief Self-Control Scale and the Style of self-regulation of behavior – SSRB 2020 questionnaire were used to study the motivational-regulatory component. The Explanatory Style of Successes and Failures (ESSF) technique and the General Self-Efficacy Scale by R. Schwarzer and M. Yerusalem, adapted by V.G. Romek, were used to study the cognitive-motivational component, the persistence and perseverance scale (Grit) was used to study the integrative component. The results showed that if strong internal motivation prevails, it sufficiently determines academic success, but if motivation is lacking or is external, other components, namely self-regulation resources and the style of explaining successes and failures in achievement activities, help to increase academic success. At the same time, the influence of the form of education was not revealed.
The Reflection of the Artistic Image of Growing Up on Boys and Girls Ideas About the Future
Authors: Shilova N.P.
Published: May 2024

The results of a study aimed at studying the ideas of growing up and the future in adolescents, boys and girls, are shown. The main purpose of the study was to identify the connection between life events that are significant for young people and their ideas about growing up, which is shown through the image of growing up in a feature film. The hypothesis was based on the assumption that the significance of life events in ideas about the future of boys/girls differs depending on the ideas of growing up based on the assessment of an artistic image. In total, the sample consisted of 1394 adolescents and young people aged 14 to 23 years (M=17; SD=2). Statistically significant differences were revealed in the ideas about the future of adolescents, boys and girls, with different types of ideas about growing up, revealed through an artistic image. Respondents who differ in the type of ideas about growing up show differences in the perspective of the future in relation to events related to "other people", "ideal objects" and the time period of the "open present". It was also found that there are differences in the significance of life events related to education, professional activity and communication among young people with different types of ideas about growing up based on an artistic image. These results may be useful for understanding the differences in the motivation of young people and for developing support and orientation programs in the process of growing up.
The Principle of Inviolability of the Human Genome and Information about the Human Genome
Authors: Mokhov A. A.
Published: May 2024

The principle of inviolability of the human genome is discussed in the context of biomedicine and related areas. The ‘pros’ and ‘cons’ of interference in the human genome are presented in terms of somatic and germ cells, as well as those interventions affecting the human genome at the embryonic stage of development. In connection with the development of synthetic biology, the human genome, as well as its fragments, genes, and genetic information, is increasingly becoming of practical interest for various parties (entities and individuals), and, therefore, need protection, including legal protection. From a systemic approach, the principle of inviolability of the human genome cannot be absolute. The limits of its applicability (force and effect) can be affected by: the degree of development of genetic and information technologies; availability of effective institutions for control over modern technologies; functioning of the mechanisms ensuring biological, information and other types of security; national, cultural, religious peculiarities; established legal and ethical traditions, and practices in a number of sectors and fields of activity (research, medicine, information, etc.).
The Legal Status and Selection of a Model for Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products in China: a Study
Authors: Chong F.
Published: May 2024

As a traditional agricultural country, China produces a wide range of diverse agricultural products. However, China's legislation on geographical indications (GI) for agricultural products is incomplete, existing in three different legal documents. Although China appears to be ready for an independent GI law, it has not yet been enacted, and the method of its administration remains unclear. China is faced with the choice of whether to adopt ‘strong protection’ or ‘weak protection’ in its GI legislation. This question is also directly related to the relationship between international GI treaties and domestic legislation. The protection of geographical indications of agricultural products in China lacks strategic design. The main legislative and administrative bodies are confused, and the specific legal documents at the national, provincial and municipal levels are imbalanced. The recommendation of this article is that, China should choose ‘strong protection’ for primary agricultural products and processed agricultural products with key characteristics, and ‘weak protection’ for other general agricultural products.
Event Overvirew “Law and Genetic Technologies: Drivers of Growth and Obstacles to Progress” Within the Framework of the St. Petersburg International Legal Forum 2023
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2024

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Feasibility Research on Mutual Recognition of Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products between China and Russia
Authors: Chong Feng
Published: May 2024

While China and Russia are both major agricultural producers, their influence on the global agricultural industry still lags significantly behind EU countries. Considering the recent China-EU Agreement on Geographical Indications (CEAGI) and the rapid current growth of China-Russia trade, it becomes crucial for China and Russia to discuss the mutual recognition of geographical indications (GIs) for agricultural products. The potential for cooperation in this area consists in promoting import and export trade of agricultural products between China and Russia, thus enhancing the competitiveness of these products in the international market. However, challenges in the mutual recognition of GIs arise due to imbalances in the trade of agricultural products, as well as differences in trading systems and current legislation on geographical indications. A feasible package arrangement could involve mutual recognition of some GIs for agricultural products based on existing Chinese and Russia multilateral trading systems.
Library of the Center for Law and Bioethics in the Field of Genomic Research and Application of Genetic Technologies of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2024

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Seismic Tomography 2024
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , Kennett Brian L. N. , Tsai Victor C. , Thurber Clifford H. , Rodgers Arthur J. , Tape Carl , Rawlinson Nicholas , Borcherdt Roger D. , Lebedev Sergei , Priestley Keith , Morency Christina , Bozdağ Ebru , Tromp Jeroen , Ritsema Jeroen , Romanowicz Barbara , Liu Qinya , Golos Eva , Lin Fan-Chi
Published: May 2024

Seismic tomography is the most abundant source of information about the internal structure of the Earth at scales ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. It constrains the properties of active volcanoes, earthquake fault zones, deep reservoirs and storage sites, glaciers and ice sheets, or the entire globe. It contributes to outstanding societal problems related to natural hazards, resource exploration, underground storage, and many more. The recent advances in seismic tomography are being translated to nondestructive testing, medical ultrasound, and helioseismology. Nearly 50 yr after its first successful applications, this article offers a snapshot of modern seismic tomography. Focused on major challenges and particularly promising research directions, it is intended to guide both Earth science professionals and early-career scientists. The individual contributions by the coauthors provide diverse perspectives on topics that may at first seem disconnected but are closely tied together by a few coherent threads: multiparameter inversion for properties related to dynamic processes, data quality, and geographic coverage, uncertainty quantification that is useful for geologic interpretation, new formulations of tomographic inverse problems that address concrete geologic questions more directly, and the presentation and quantitative comparison of tomographic models. It remains to be seen which of these problems will be considered solved, solved to some extent, or practically unsolvable over the next decade.
Joint Inversion of Surface-Wave Dispersions and Receiver Functions Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Feiyi , Song Xiaodong , Li Jiangtao
Published: May 2024

We proposed a deep learning (DL) method to derive VS models from joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersions and receiver functions, which is based on multilabel convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network. We used a spline-based approach to generate synthetic models instead of directly using existing models to build the training data set, which improves the generalization of the method. Unlike the traditional methods, which usually set a fixed VP/VS ratio, our method makes full use of the powerful data mining ability of DL to invert the VS models assuming different VP/VS ratios. A loss function is specially designed that focuses on key features of the model space, for example, the shape and depth of Moho. Synthetic tests demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate and fast. Application to the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau shows results consistent with the previous joint inversion with P constraints, indicating the proposed method is reliable and robust.
Impact of Empirical Antibiotics Therapy on the Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Units with Sepsis in Sudan Impact of emperical antibiotics on the clincal outcomes of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis
Authors: Hamad Tasabeeh , Abdalla Galal , Salman Bushra , Yousef Bashir
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Early recognition and administration of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy are associated with lower mortality rate and shorter length of stay. This study aims to identify the risk factors for developing sepsis, the common sites of infection, the isolated microorganisms, and to evaluate the impact of appropriate empiric antibiotic on the mortality rate and length of stay the in two tertiary care hospitals in Sudan. Methodology: A prospective hospital-based study was done on 30 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during a four-month study period. Data were retrieved from patients’ records. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Out of the 30 study patients, 43% were females. The median age of the group was 68 years and 57% of the patients were above 65 years. The most common risk factor for developing sepsis was diabetes mellitus (23.33%), followed by malignancy (16.67%). The most common site of infection was the chest (33.33%). In total, 19 different regimens of empirical antibiotics were prescribed, where 43.4% were appropriate and 56.6% were inappropriate. Among the studied population, 18 patients died and the overall mortality was 60%. The study found that in patients who received appropriate empiric antibiotics, mortality significantly decreased (p = 0.006). Patients who received appropriate treatment were also found to have a numerically 4-days shorter length of ICU stay but this did not reach statistical significance due to small sample size. Conclusions: The study concluded that diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for developing sepsis, followed by malignancy. Gram-negative organisms are the most common isolated microorganisms. Respiratory infection is the most common source of infections. The prescribed empirical antibiotics were mostly inappropriate. Moreover, patients with appropriate empirical antibiotics had shorter ICU stays and increased survival when compared with those who had inappropriate treatment.
Unraveling the Challenges in the Retinoid-related Orphan Receptor (ROR)-y(t) Therapeutic Landscape for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Banerjee Daliya
Published: May 2024

RORyt/y driven type-17 “pro-inflammatory “gene expression profile has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human immune-mediated diseases and remains a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. However, several challenges, from both drug discovery and biology standpoint, have made it intractable. While biologics targeting IL-23, IL-17, IL-17R, and other cytokines in the ROR pathway have demonstrated clinical efficacy in psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, etc., it has been challenging to extend the utility of these therapeutics beyond a handful of autoimmune diseases, especially in atopic or rheumatic diseases. This review summarizes the complexities in defining the pathogenicity of the human type-17 pathway and underscores the need for targeting a phenotypically heterogeneous and therapeutically relevant pathogenic cell subset marked by CD161.
Role of Strategic Leaders in Unexpected Healthcare Crisis Management
Authors: Paul Jijo
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aims to explore the roles of strategic leaders in business concerns and how they maintain sustainability in business during an unexpected crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the healthcare industry, organizational performance, and various leadership strategies to overcome such a crisis. Methods: Hospital leaders frequently face new challenges, especially in a healthcare crisis like a pandemic, which may be beyond the scope of the current leadership practices. Additional unavoidable responsibilities may arise, affecting employees' productivity, emotions, adaptability, and leadership styles in a crisis. Result: Transformational leadership is identified as suitable for leaders in a crisis to motivate employees and introduce rapid changes to maintain sustainability. Employee engagement, motivation, innovation, creativity, and many more are critical for a business's survival in a crisis. Transformational leaders are active and utilize different tactics to formulate and implement decisions, provide motivation, promote innovation, display the significance of supporting the organization, and strengthen employee engagement. Conclusion: Influential leaders have roles ranging from routine management activities to handling extra-work roles such as strategy formulation, technology expert, coach, mentor, entrepreneur, etc. Swift changes in leadership styles are necessary to accommodate such rapid changes brought by crises in the healthcare sector for work situations.
OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE KUTAİSİ KALESİ, MUHAFAZASI VE İAŞESİ (XVII. VE XVIII. YÜZYILLAR)
Authors: Orhankazi Sibel
Published: May 2024

Günümüz Türkiye toprakları dışında Osmanlı Devleti’nin vaktiyle nüfuz ettiği pek çok şehir ve kale mevcuttur. Bunlardan biri Gürcistan’da yer alan ve arşiv kayıtlarında kimi zaman Kutatis olarak ifade edilen Kutaisi’dir. Bugün dahi sokakları ve caddeleriyle antik bir kent havası veren, krallar şehrinde olduğunuzu hissettiren Kutaisi sakin ve düzenli yapılaşmasıyla geçmiş hakkında ipucu vermektedir. Kutaisi, Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyeti sürecinde en çok askeri yönüyle ve muhafazasıyla dikkat çeker. Bunda muhtemelen şehrin Osmanlı Devleti’nin Gürcistan’ın kuzey doğusuna doğru hâkimiyet sağladığı en uç noktalarından biri olmasının etkisi vardır. Kutaisi’nin muhafaza edilme sebeplerinden biri de Karadeniz limanları aracılığıyla batı ile sağlanan ticarette payının büyük olmasıdır.
Bu çalışmada XVI, XVII ve XVIII. yüzyıllarda Osmanlı, İran ve Rusya’nın Gürcistan’da İmereti bölgesinin merkezi Kutaisi üzerindeki hâkimiyet ve mücadeleleri incelenmiştir. Bu hususta bilhassa Kutaisi tarihine ve Kutaisi Kalesi’nin muhafaza ile askeri iaşesine dikkat çekilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Kutaisi’nin Gürcü kaynaklarından da yararlanılarak Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyetinde ne şekilde varlık sürdürdüğünün incelenmesidir.
ERZURUM’UN SOSYAL VE EKONOMİK TARİHİNDE KIRKDEĞİRMENLER
Authors: Küçükuğurlu Murat , Ürkmez Naim
Published: May 2024

Palandöken Dağlarının Boğaz mevkiinden başlayan Kırkdeğirmenler Suyu, Erzurum tarihinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu su, ismini üzerinde bulunan kırk adet değirmenden almaktadır. Tarih boyunca Erzurum’u ekonomik, toplumsal ve stratejik açılardan etkisi altına almıştır. Bu su üzerinde bulunan değirmenler mühim bir ordu ve komuta merkezi olan Erzurum’un un ihtiyacını karşılamada ciddi bir rol oynamıştır. Değirmenler, varlıklarını yirminci yüzyılın ortalarına kadar sürdürmüştür. Kırkdeğirmenler Suyu halkın ve şehir ileri gelenlerinin yazın vakit geçirdiği, çadırlar kurarak kamp yaptığı bir mekân olmuştur. Bu sebeple halk nezdinde hikayelere, efsanelere konu olan bir yer olmuştur. Her şeyden önemlisi Kırkdeğirmenler Suyu, şehrin önemli bir içme suyu kaynağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Kırkdeğirmenler Suyu’nun Erzurum’un sosyal ve ekonomik tarihine etkisi; arşiv belgeleri, seyahatnameler, derleme bilgiler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
BİR OSMANLI BÜROKRATININ KİŞİSEL KİTAPLIĞI (ŞEBİNKARAHİSARLI SADRAZAM KABAKULAK İBRAHİM PAŞA)
Authors: Özyalvaç Şükriye Pinar
Published: May 2024

Osmanlı Devleti’nin en seçkin yönetici sınıfını oluşturan sadrazamlar, Osmanlı kültür hayatının da elit sınıfını oluşturuyordu. Osmanlı devlet adamlarının bilgi birikimine ve edindikleri niteliklere odaklanan bu çalışmada, 18. yüzyıl sadrazamlarından Kabakulak İbrahim Paşa'nın kitap koleksiyonu incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi'nde D.BŞM.MHF tasnifindeki 12547 numaralı defter ile TS.MA.d tasnifindeki 4109 numaralı Harc-ı Hassa Defteri ana kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Paşa'nın kişisel kütüphane-sinde yer alan eserlerin çeşitliliğini ele alarak bu eserlerin onun düşünce yapısını nasıl etkilediği sorusu üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Kitaplar, dini eserler ve müspet ilimler olmak üzere iki ana kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Dini eserler arasında Mushaf-ı Şerif, tefsir, hadis, tasavvuf ve dua kitapları bulunurken, müspet ilimler kategorisinde tarih, biyografi, siyaset, hukuk, tıp, astronomi, edebiyat gibi alanlardan eserler yer almıştır. Bu kategorizasyon, Paşa'nın sadece hukuki ve idari alanda değil, aynı zamanda tasavvuf, tarih ve coğrafya gibi geniş bir yelpazede bilgi sahibi olma çabasını yansıtmaktadır. Çalışma, Paşa'nın kitap seçimlerinin Osmanlı bürokrasisinin ve yöneticilerinin dönemsel zorluklarla başa çıkma stratejilerini anlamada kritik bir rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Kabakulak İbrahim Paşa'nın kişisel kitaplığı, sadece bir koleksiyon olarak değil, aynı zamanda dönemin entelektüel atmosferi ve bürokratik becerilerin nasıl şekillendirildiğine dair önemli bir kaynak olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
“The Friendship of Our Two Peoples Never Ended”: Franco-Russian Cultural Contacts in the Late 19th Century — Middle 1930s
Authors: Bespalova Ksenia
Published: May 2024

The article considers the Franco-Russian/French-Soviet cultural dialogue in the period between the conclusion of the Franco-Russian alliance in 1891 and the conclusion of the mutual assistance pact in 1935. Based on the sources involved in the study from the collections of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art and domestic and foreign historiography, the authors traced the development of cultural contacts between France and Russia in this period. Using the example of contacts in the field of literature, fine arts, theater and science, the authors conclude that the cultural dialogue between France and Russia, despite political differences, not only persisted, but also actively developed, which emphasizes the importance of dialogue for cultural figures and intellectuals. between these countries.
The Ideological Legacy of Nikolai Bukharin in Russian and Foreign Historiography: a Brief Overview
Authors: Kowalenko Nadezhda
Published: May 2024

The article is a brief overview of domestic and foreign works of various subjects and formats, the subject of attention in which were the ideas and works of N. I. Bukharin, a major philosopher, publicist, Soviet statesman, in various fields - in economics, party and state building, in Marxist theory, culture and art. The article examines works ranging from the earliest, created during Bukharin's lifetime, by his associates and opponents from among domestic and foreign political figures, philosophers, ideologists, and ending with scientific and journalistic works of our time. The article also highlights the main features of Soviet historiography of different periods in relation to the consideration of Bukharin's ideas in different fields.
Secretaries General of the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1831—1914: “King’s Musketeers” of Diplomacy
Authors: Khorosheva Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

From 1831 until the First World War, one of the main roles in the process of implementing the Belgian foreign policy course belonged not to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and envoys on the ground, but, at first glance, less visible employees of the Ministry — the secretaries general. Despite their official position these people were, first of all, trusted representatives of the heads of State, they were entrusted with responsible and secret missions, about which the leadership of the department was often not informed. In the article, the author examines some aspects of the activities of the post prominent figures of the Belgian Foreign Ministry of the period 1831—1914: Jean-Baptiste Nothomb, Auguste Lambermont and Leon van der Elst, who can be called with confidence not only outstanding civil servants, but also like-minded and associates of the kings of Belgium.
Radical Nationalist and Philo-Fascist Movements in Argentina in the 1930s
Authors: Schelchkov Andrey
Published: May 2024

As in many Western countries, in Argentina in the interwar period, an influential right-wing radical movement arose, close in its ideological and political characteristics to European fascism. Initially, it was an intellectual movement that was able to form a political movement that took an important place in Argentine politics, the extreme expression of which was the military-civilian coup of J. F. Uriburu in 1930. In the ideological baggage of the philo-fascists there were theses about the totalitarian state, about the struggle against liberalism and democracy, about the corporate state structure, anti-imperialism and anti-Semitism. The peculiarity of Argentina was such a phenomenon as clero-fascism, a trend that arose from the union of nationalism and Catholic integrism under the banner of right-wing authoritarianism, philo-fascism and clericalism. An attempt to launch right-wing, corporatist reforms during the Uriburu dictatorship failed primarily because of the reluctance of the Argentine ruling elite to change the development model. As a result, philo-fascist groups and movements were pushed out of the political scene, marginalized, but at the same time they retained intellectual and social influence in the country, which was reflected in the following years with the advent of Peronism in the political life of Argentina.
Political Struggle in Argentina: Semana Trágica of January 1919
Authors: Kazakov Vladimir
Published: May 2024

General strike of the Argentinе working class — Semаna trágica ensued between January 9 and 16 — was for many years the major battle between workers on the one hand and a capitalists and the state on the other. It started as a strike in metallurgical factory “Vasena” and turned into a general strike on January 9. The immediate reason for the protest was the police killed four workers and injured 40. The strike received support from anarchist FORA-V and syndicalist FORA-IX. However, it was anarchist’s workers who played the main role in it. The strike bellowed into violent confrontation between laborers and the police. Nevertheless, the violence and mass mobilization convince the upper and middle classes that the radical government, president H. Yrigoyen lost control and that Bolshevik revolution is just around the corner. Acting on this perception armed groups of civilians took matter into on their own hands. Together with the police they attacked working-class neighborhoods, destroying labor offices, beating, shooting and arresting workers. The white terror continued from the tenth to the fourteenth of January. The army entered the city and repressed the general strike. The Tragic Week ended but many of the ruling classes continued to fear a revolutionary outbreak caused by communist penetration. The Semana Trágica has become one of the main signs of the nationalist movement. Nationalists believed that Russian agents, agents of the Soviet lead provoked the general strike. They portrayed the Semana Trágica as a war fought by the nation against foreign enemy — communism. The general strike led the formation in early 1919 of an organized paramilitary movement, the League Patriotic Argentina which during postwar years enjoyed strong support among the upper and middle classes, the military, church and the leading business association. The Semana Trágica also marked the first political intervention of the army.
Identification of Cognitive Models of Manipulation in the US Media Discourse in the 30s of the 20th Century
Authors: Zabotkina Vera
Published: May 2024

Interdisciplinary cognitive research is a characteristic feature of the 21st century. This article discusses the ways of integrating the methodologies of history and cognitive linguistics. The objective for the representatives of both sciences is to explore the laws of thinking, mental models, and knowledge structures. Recordings of the radio program “The American Family Robinson”, released in the United States during the Great Depression, served as a historical source. The broadcasting series are considered in the article from the standpoint of their manipulative impact on the mass consciousness of the population. The method of integrated research is frame analysis. Within the framework of cognitive methodology, the concept of a single space of manipulation has been developed, and frame configurations have been identified. The results contribute to manipulation studies and cognitive distortion research.