bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels are Positively Associated with Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents Aged 10 to 18 Years: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2017.
Authors: Jeong Hwal Rim , Lee Hae Sang , Shim Young Seok , Hwang Jin Soon
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate investigated the association of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) and blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents.Methods: The study population consisted of a total 7,950 subjects (4,229 boys, 3,721 girls) aged 10 to 18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017.Results: The prevalence of hypertension is estimated about 19.19% (21.51% for boys and 16.5% for girls). The prevalence of obesity is estimated about 9.59% (10.5% for boys and 8.6% for girls). Hb and Hct level tended to increase with the degree of obesity and blood pressure. The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) have positively correlated with Hb and Hct levels in both sex. In the multiple regression analysis, the Hb and Hct presented positive association with SBP and DBP after adjustment for for age, BMI SDS, alcohol consumption, smoking physical activity, rural residence, household income, diagnosis of T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Conclusion: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were positively associated with SBP and DBP, in children and adolescent, aged 10- 18 year.
The Effects of Birth Spacing After Cesarean Delivery on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Qin , Ye Lei , Wang Qilin , Xia Wei , Wei Xiaohong , Zhou Rong
Published: February 2021

The changing family planning policy from One-Child to Two-Child Policy, led to a significant increase in the proportion of pregnancies with variant interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) after previous cesarean section (CS). To examine the relationship between IPI and perinatal outcomes, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1854 women having a history of CS and delivered in 2016 at West China Second University Hospital. With an IPI of 24-59 months as the reference, the associations between various IPIs (<24, 60-119, and ≥120 months) and pregnancy outcomes were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis with multiple models. We found that IPI <24 months significantly increased the risk of anemia in late pregnancy (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.21-2.62, p = 0.008). IPI <24 months was associated with a higher risk for incomplete uterine rupture (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.61), IPI ≥60 months was related to a lower risk for incomplete uterine rupture (IPI = 60-119 months: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.95; IPI ≥120 months, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-1.08), and women with IPI ≥120 months were more likely to develop gestational hypertension (GHP) (p = 0.036) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (p = 0.001). These effects became nonsignificant after adjusting possible confounders. This study revealed that IPI may combine with other factors to affect GHP, GDM, and uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancy after previous CS.
Effect of Urban Fringes Green Space Fragmentation on Ecosystem Service Value
Authors: Guan Yingying , Li Xueming , Yang Jun , Li Songbo , Liu He
Published: February 2021

In this study, an urban fringe green space classification system was established to explore the spatiotemporal variation of green space landscape and ecosystem service value (ESV) based on multi-source land-use data of Ganjingzi district from 2000 to 2018. (1) Results show that the total green space area declined from 359.57 to 213.46 km 2 over the study period. Green space large plaque index (LPI) and class area both gradually declined, whereas the number of plaques (NP) and plaque density (PD) gradually increased, indicating green space landscape fragmentation. (2) Additionally, the value of green space ecosystem services reduced from 397.42 to 124.93 million yuan. The dynamic degree of ESV change in green space increased or decreased moderately, always being < 0 and showing a decreasing trend of ESV. From a spatial variation perspective, dynamic degrees of ESV variation in the western and northern regions with relatively intensive green space were higher than those in the east. Regarding ESV of various green space types, forest land had the highest functional values of ecological regulation and support, whereas arable land provided the highest functional values of production supply. (3) The ecological service function value of green space system is negatively correlated with PD, NP, edge density, landscape shape index, and Shannon’s diversity index, and positively correlated with aggregation index, contagion metrics, and LPI. The correlation coefficient between the climate regulation function of forest and the change of number of plaques is -0.874. The correlation coefficient of the recreation and culture of the wetland to the plaque density change is no less than -0.214.
Chronic Inflammation-Induced Senescence Impairs Immunomodulatory Properties of Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Lee Won-Jae , Hwang Sun-Chul , Choi Yong-Ho , Kim Saetbyul , Bok Eunyeong , Lee Sangyeob , Kim Seung-Joon , Kim Hyun-Ok , Ock Sun-A , Noh Hae Sook , Rho Gyu-Jin , Lee Sang-Il , Lee Sung-Lim
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAlthough immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been highlighted as a new therapy for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the alteration of disease-specific characteristics of MSCs derived from elderly RA patients are not well understood. MethodsWe established the MSCs derived from synovial fluid (SF) from age-matched early (average duration of disease: 1.7 years) and long-standing (average duration of disease: 13.8 years) RA patients (E-/L-SF-MSCs) and then comparatively analyzed the characteristics of MSCs such as stemness, proliferation, cellular senescence, in vitro differentiation and in vivo immunomodulation properties.ResultsThe presence of MSC populations in the SF from RA patients was identified and we found that L-SF-MSCs exhibited impaired proliferation, intensified cellular senescence, reduced immunomodulation properties and attenuation of anti-arthritic capacity in an RA animal model than E-SF-MSCs. In particular, E-SF-MSCs demonstrated cellular senescence progression and attenuation of immunomodulation properties at similar levels to that of L-SF-MSCs in an RA joint mimicking milieu due to hypoxia and pro-inflammatory cytokine exposure. Due to long-term exposure to the chronic inflammation milieu, the progression of cellular senescence, attenuation of immunomodulation properties and loss of anti-arthritic potentials are more often identified in SF-MSCs of long-standing RA than early RA. ConclusionWe conclude that a chronic RA inflammation milieu affected the potential of MSCs; therefore, this work addresses the importance of understanding MSC characteristics during disease states prior to their application in patients.
The Effect of SiO2 Content and Shape on Mechanical Properties of Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Khademi Davoud , Khodeir Elahe , Mahdizadeh Seyed Mostafa , Yari Hamideh
Published: February 2021

Physical properties and processing parameters of the reinforcing phase such as shape and content can dramatically influence the mechanical properties of the composites. In this project, the effect of different shapes of silicon dioxide or silica (SiO2) reinforcement including nanoparticle and nanotube as well as their weight percent (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt %) on the mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) composite were investigated. The silica nanotubes (SNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal methods. In order to achieve a good dispersion, Al powders were coated by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to obtain a surface positive charge. Then, SiO2–Al powders were obtained by electrostatic self-assembly to realize the homogeneous adsorption of SiO2 nano reinforcement on Al powders. Finally, SiO2-reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Characterization of composites was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For determination of the mechanical properties of the composite, the compressive strength and density were investigated.Results showed a significant reduction in the relative density from 98% to 84% for composites containing 0 to 10 wt % of SiO2. The compressive strength exhibited a moderate increase by adding SNTs while in samples containing SiO2 nanoparticles, the mechanical properties improved and reached a peak value of 225 MPa at 5 wt % SiO2 nanoparticles (~40% increase compared to pure Al). However, a further increase in nanotubes content resulted in a considerable reduction in compressive strength. This can be attributed to the increase in porosity and agglomeration of nano reinforcement in the composite.
Modeling the COVID-19 Outbreak in India — with an Analysis of the Socio-Economic Scenario
Authors: Saikia Debashis , Bora Kalpana , Bora Madhurjya P
Published: February 2021

We present a modeling and analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak in India with an emphasis on the socio-economic composition, based on the progress of the pandemic in 11 federal states where the outbreak is the largest in terms of total number of infectives. Our model is based on the susceptible-exposed-infectives-removed (SEIR) model, including an asymptomatic transmission, time dependent incubation period and time dependent transmission rate. We carry out the analysis with the available

disease data up to the end of August 2020, with a projection of 54 days into the months of September and October 2020, based on the past data. Overall, we have presented a projection up to 400 days (till April 18, 2021) for India. We also find the existence of a critical day, signifying a sudden shift in the transmission pattern of the disease, with interesting relation of the behavior of the pandemic with demographic and socio-economic parameters. The results of this work can be used as a future guidance to follow in case of similar pandemics in the developing countries.
Sperm Has an Impact on Embryonic Development and Clinical Outcomes: A Study of Sibling Oocytes.
Authors: Zhao Haibin , Yang Zhen , Li Mei , Wu Keliang
Published: February 2021

BackgroundGood quality gametes are necessary to produce high-quality embryos in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Both the sperm and oocyte genomes constitute the embryonic genome. Up to now, there is debate about the effect of paternal factors on embryo quality and reproductive outcomes. To investigate whether paternal factors can influence embryonic development and the clinical outcomes.MethodsThe study included 50 patients undergoing split IVF/ICSI procedures: half with sperm from the partner and half with sperm from the donor. In total, 295 sibling oocytes were obtained and fertilized in two groups: partner sperm group (n=145) and donor sperm group (n=150). The main outcomes were the oocyte utilization rate (OUR) and the live birth rate (LBR).ResultsThe OUR in the partner sperm group was significantly lower than that in the donor sperm group (18.62% vs. 38.00%, P<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and the LBR in the group of oocytes fertilized by the partner’s sperm was significantly lower than that in the group fertilized by donor sperm (25.00% vs. 57.14%, P=0.03; 16.67% vs. 50.00%, P=0.02, respectively). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis results showed the partner sperm was associated with a significant decrease in the utilized oocyte rate and the live birth rate compared to the donor sperm (OR=0.63; 95% CI [0.42-0.94]; P=0.023 and OR=0.16; 95% CI [0.04-0.69]; P=0.014, respectively ).Conclusions﻿This study provides strong evidence to support the fact that paternal factors exert influence on embryonic development and clinical outcomes. Further studies are required to confirm and elaborate on our conclusions.
Exponential or Pareto: towards an evolution of equal opportunity
Authors: Tao Yong
Published: February 2021

Pareto distribution and exponential distribution are related by the generalized Pareto distribution, which has been proposed to describe the income structure of the total population. The underlying mechanism for driving the Pareto distribution has been known as the Matthew effect of income accumulation. Today, the Pareto distribution has been observed universally in the richest class (1%~3% of populations); however, this distribution could dominate a larger proportion of populations when the investigation dated back to Renaissance Europe, Hungarian medieval society, and ancient Egypt. By contrast, the underlying mechanism for driving exponential income distribution is due to the equal opportunity of market competition, which radically differs from the Matthew effect. Here, we empirically find that, during the last 40 years, the income structures of different market-economy countries uniformly exhibit a two-class pattern, in which the great majority of populations obeys an exponential distribution and only the remaining (richest) part follows a Pareto distribution. In particular, we empirically show how the income structure in China evolved to an exponential distribution after the market-oriented economic reformation. The finding of a larger proportion of populations evolving to an exponential income distribution may reveal a potential trend of human civilization towards equal opportunity.
Phenotypic characterization of X-linked hypophosphatemia in pediatric Spanish population.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rubio Enrique , Gil-Peña Helena , Chocrón Sara , Madariaga Leire , Cerda-Ojeda Francisco De la , Fernández-Fernández Marta , de Lucas-Collantes Carmen , Gil Marta , Luis-Yanes Mª Isabel , Vergara Inés , González-Rodríguez Juan David , Ferrando Susana , Gamero Montserrat Antón , Hidalgo-Barquero Marta Carrasco , Fernández-Escribano Angustias , Fernández-Maseda Mª Ángeles , Espinosa Laura , Oliet Aniana , Vicente Antonio , Ariceta Gema , Santos Fernando
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary rare disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in PHEX gene leading tohypophosphatemia and high renal loss of phosphate. Rickets and growth retardation are the major manifestations of XLH in children, but there is a broad phenotypic variability. Few publications have reported large series of patients. Current data on the clinical spectrum of the disease, the correlation with the underlying gene mutations, and the long-term outcome of patients on conventional treatment are needed, particularly because of the recent availability of new specific medications to treat XLH. RESULTS The RenalTube database was used to retrospectively analyze 48 Spanish patients (15 men) from 39 different families, ranging from 3 months to 8 years and 2 months of age at the time of diagnosis (median age of 2.0 years), and with XLH confirmed by genetic analysis. Bone deformities, radiological signs of active rickets and growth retardation were the most common findings at diagnosis. Mean (±SEM) height was -1.89 ± 0.19 SDS and 55% (22/40) of patients had height SDS below - 2. All cases had hypophosphatemia, serum phosphate being -2.81 ± 0.11 SDS. Clinical manifestations and severity of the disease were similar in both genders. No genotype – phenotype correlation was found. Conventional treatment did not attenuate growth retardation after a median follow up of 7.42 years (IQR = 11.26; n=26 patients) and failed to normalize serum concentrations of phosphate. Eleven patients had mild hyperparathyroidism and 8 patients nephrocalcinosis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that growth retardation and rickets were the most prevalent clinical manifestations at diagnosis in a large series of Spanish pediatric patients with XLH confirmed by mutations in the PHEX gene. Traditional treatment with phosphate and vitamin D supplements did not improve height or corrected hypophosphatemia and was associated with a risk of hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis. The severity of the disease was similar in males and females.
Quantitative determination of energy potential of refuse derived fuel from the waste recovered from Indian landfill
Authors: Cheela V R Sankar , John Michele , Dubey Brajesh
Published: February 2021

Landfills are urban stocks and resource reservoirs for potential energy recovery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of energy that could be recovered from aged waste (around 5-20 yr old) recovered from landfills. Investigations were conducted on the physical and chemical properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) prepared from recovered landfill waste (RLW) in Andhra Pradesh, India. Waste characterization studies included determination of waste composition, proximity analysis, ultimate analysis, and energy content. The moisture content ranged between 25.7 to 31.3%, however, no trend was observed with age. In the ultimate analysis, the percentage of carbon increased from 42.9 to 71.7% with the age of the samples, this is due to an increase in the plastic content over time. The calorific value of the recovered landfill waste ranged from 10.4 to 21.8 MJ kg-1. From the findings, it can be summarized that the RDF can potentially be utilized as a feedstock for the recovery of energy from RLW. The results from this study will assist policy makers and local authorities in designing and developing strategies for resource and energy recovery from landfills in different urban cites across the globe.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Primary and Secondary Testicular Lymphoma and its Clinical Mimickers- A Definite Indication
Authors: Gochhait Debasis , Kekade Shailesh , Rekha Jinkala Sree , Badhe Bhawana Ashok
Published: February 2021

Albeit being rare, the testicular lymphoma is the most common testicular malignancy in elders. In early stages, its symptoms are non-specific and can mimic other underlying diseases. The available knowledge of cytology on this entity is not adequate. In case when a clinician comes across a testicular enlargement case, a decision has to be made when to send the patient for FNAC. Similarly, the pathologist who is assessing the patient should also make a decision whether to perform Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) on the patient or not, and what morphology is expected on cytological smears to be able to confidently call it testicular lymphoma. We have undertaken this study to serve the purpose of enhancing the sparse knowledge available on this disease, dealt with its multiorgan involvement, and explained how FNAC is a valuable utility in testicular enlargement cases in which serological markers of testicular malignancy are negative.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding – A Clinico-pathological Study
Authors: . Sarita , Marla Nisha J , . Nagarathna , S Jayaprakash C
Published: February 2021

Background:

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) can occur at any age in a woman`s reproductive period and needs to be assessed very carefully and immediately. When it occurs in the older age group, a more meticulous screening for malignancy is imperative so that treatment can be more radical. Dilatation and curettage is a simple, cost effective, safe and a reliable investigation and it gives us a direct access to the target organ.

Methods:

Study was conducted prospectively on 162 patients presenting with AUB in reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group. All the endometrial samples procured from the endometrial curettage were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 12-24 hours, processed in the automated tissue processor, cut and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) stain and were finally studied in detail for the morphological findings under light microscopy.

Result:

In our study Secretory endometrium was most common type, which was followed by Proliferative endometrium. Disordered proliferative endometrium and Endometrial hyperplasia were the commonest histopathological patterns seen in AUB of organic type. Endometrial carcinoma was seen more commonly in postmenopausal age group. Further, in our study Mc Cluggage criteria was applied to all the samples to categorize endometrial samples which were unassessable and inadequate.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of Endometrial samples is important in all patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) to find out the Organic Pathology. Histopathological typing of endometrium is crucial for appropriate therapy. Its interpretation is quite challenging and also may show considerable interobserver variability. In AUB, the endometrial samples should be taken during the bleeding episode itself. Dilatation and curettage is a simple, cost effective, safe and reliable investigation and gives us a direct access to the target organ.
Teratoma of the Neck on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: An Unusual Case Presentation
Authors: Sukumar Challa , Jahan Aarzoo , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Singh Sompal , Sarin Namrata
Published: February 2021

Teratomas are tumours which are derived from all the 3 germ cell layers: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm with varying proportions. Cervical teratomas in children are almost always benign but locally aggressive. They can present with respiratory distress and immediate excision is required. The cervical teratoma is an uncommon entity which are rarely reported in Indian medical literature particularly on FNA. We present a case of an anterior cervical teratoma in an infant which was diagnosed on the base of FNA material.
Comparison of P-53, Ki-67 and Cd-10 Expression Between Fibroadenoma, Benign Phyllodes Tumor and Malignant Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Sukumar Challa , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Singh Garima , Singh Sompal , Sarin Namrata
Published: February 2021

Background: Fibroepithelial tumors of the breast are a heterogeneous group of biphasic lesions comprising of an epithelial component and a quantitatively predominant mesenchymal component. These are classified into two major categories: Fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor (PT). Phyllodes tumors are classified into benign, borderline and malignant grade categories based on histological parameters.

Methods: An analytical-cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi-110007 from November 2016 to December 2018. Total 50 cases were included in the study comprising of 30 cases of fibroadenoma, 15 cases of benign phyllodes tumor and 5 cases of malignant phyllodes tumor. All specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Tissue were processed and embedded in paraffin. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to study the histopathological section. Immunostaining using CD-10, Ki-67 and p53 antibodies was done in all cases.

Result: Among fibroadenoma cases only 3.33% showed positive CD-10 expression and 96.66% were negative. CD-10 expression was positive in 26.67% cases of benign phyllodes while 73.33 showed negative expression. 40% malignant phyllodes cases showed positive CD-10 expression and 60% showed negative CD-10 expression. CD-10 expression was significantly higher in benign phyllodes (p value = 0.019) and malignant phyllodes (p value 0.007) group as compared to fibroadenoma. P-53 expression in epithelium was seen in 56% of fibroadenoma and 26% of benign phyllodes cases, while all cases of malignant phyllodes tumor show negative P-53 expression. The stromal expression of P-53 was significantly higher in malignant phyllodes as compared to fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor. Stromal expression of Ki-67 was significantly higher in malignant phyllodes as compared to benign phyllodes and fibroadenoma. Epithelial expression of Ki-67 was negative in all malignant phyllodes cases while positive epithelial Ki-67 expression was seen in 56% of fibroadenoma and 33% of benign phyllodes tumor.

Conclusion:  Both Ki-67 and P-53 showed a significantly increasing expression from fibroadenoma to benign phyllodes to malignant phyllodes tumor. The difference in expression of CD-10 was insignificant among fibroadenoma, benign phyllodes and malignant phyllodes tumor.
$T\bar T$ and the mirage of a bulk cutoff
Authors: Guica Monica , Monten Ruben
Published: February 2021

We use the variational principle approach to derive the large
NN
holographic dictionary for two-dimen-sional
T\bar TTT‾-deformed
CFTs, for both signs of the deformation parameter. The resulting dual
gravitational theory has mixed boundary conditions for the non-dynamical
graviton; the boundary conditions for matter fields are undeformed. When
the matter fields are turned off and the deformation parameter is
negative, the mixed boundary conditions for the metric at infinity can
be reinterpreted on-shell as Dirichlet boundary conditions at finite
bulk radius, in agreement with a previous proposal by McGough, Mezei and
Verlinde. The holographic stress tensor of the deformed CFT is fixed by
the variational principle, and in pure gravity it coincides with the
Brown-York stress tensor on the radial bulk slice with a particular
cosmological constant counterterm contribution. In presence of matter
fields, the connection between the mixed boundary conditions and the
radial ``bulk cutoff’’ is lost. Only the former correctly reproduce the
energy of the bulk configuration, as expected from the fact that a
universal formula for the deformed energy can only depend on the
universal asymptotics of the bulk solution, rather than the details of
its interior. The asymptotic symmetry group associated with the mixed
boundary conditions consists of two commuting copies of a
state-dependent Virasoro algebra, with the same central extension as in
the original CFT.
The Determinant Factors of E-Commerce Usage Behavior During Flash Sale Program
Authors: Sundjaja Arta Moro , Arisanto Gladys Valentina , Fatimah Sarah
Published: February 2021

The research objective is to analyze the determinant factors of the purchase intention during a flash sale program. It is conducted from October 2018 to January 2019. The researchers apply a quantitative approach. The sampling technique is snowball sampling. The survey data are collected from 210 respondents who shop online in Indonesia using questionnaires. The data are examined using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS ver. 25. The research results indicate that the effect of perceived usefulness, information quality, and web quality on purchase intention are mediated by attitude. The flash sale program has a moderating impact on purchase intention. The effect of perceived ease of use and trust in the purchase intention mediated by attitude is not significant. The R-squared value of attitude on e-commerce is 0.527, and purchase intention is 0.369. These research results are important for e-commerce management to understand the essential factors of purchase intention during a flash sale program.
Students’ experiences about PBL as they learn Developmental Mathematics at a Higher Education Institution in Trinidad and Tobago: A qualitative case study
Authors: Dookwah Rhonda , Julien Gabriel
Published: February 2021

This action research highlights the experiences of undergraduate students who studied Developmental Mathematics using the Problem-Based Learning(PBL) strategy. They were exposed to fifteen weeks intervention at a Higher Educationinstitution in Trinidad and Tobago called HilltopCollege. A review of the existing literature within the local context indicated that there is a paucityof information about theirexperiences.Consequently, their experiences are critically important since they can be an impetus for the formulation of policy and implementation towards the teaching/learning of Developmental Mathematics inthis country.Thus, it is absolutely necessary that policy makers heed the voices of these students especially when they are formulating curriculum that pertain to Developmental Mathematics. A qualitative case study was conducted to carefully ascertain their experiences and answer the research question: What are students´ experiences with Problem-Based Learning in the study of Developmental Mathematics at Hilltop College? Twenty-four students participated. A structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were utilized with four focusgroups. Data were analyzed under six major headings: Approach to teaching, social relationships, resources, pace of teaching, emotional intelligence and the role of the teacher. Recommendations strongly advocating that student-centered strategies be employed when studying Developmental Mathematics were also offered.
The “ARAB-ORIENTAL” in post-9/11 America : A Reading of LAILA HALABY’S Once in a Promised Land
Authors: Chattopadhyay *Ms. Anwesa
Published: February 2021

The Orientalist psychology has been persistently shaped by an ideological demarcation between Westerners and Arab-Orientals; “the former are (in no particular order) rational, peaceful, liberal, logical, capable of holding real values without natural suspicion; the latter are none of these things” (Said, p. 49). The Orientalist perspective has remained ingrained in the Western mind across the decades, persistently shaping the colonialist ideology in an era of mass migration. The latter decades of the nineteenth century witnessed a rapid upsurge in the migration of Arabs, a major part of whom settled in the United States. The continuous upsurge in the Arab migration and settlement was concurrent with the growing spur of racism, which forms the basis of the victimization of the Arab-American populace. In this regard,Steven Salaita (an eminent critic of Islamophobia and a spokesperson for the “Anti-Arab Racism” in the USA) observes, “The origin of American racism is a combination of European colonial values and interaction with Blacks and Indians” (p. 5). In the light of the above statement, this paper aims to study Laila Halaby’s novel Once in a Promised Land (2007) from an orientalist perspective, and locate the traces of Islamophobia that had victimized the Muslim immigrants in America after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
Estágio em docência no curso de doutorado em educação: relatos de experiência
Authors: Mariano Maria Luzia Silva , Franco Sandra Aparecida Pires , Oliveira Katya Luciane de
Published: February 2021

Os conteúdos escolares, independente da etapa de ensino a que se destinam, quando ministrados de forma plena e não fragmentada, possibilitam a formação do sujeito omnilateral. Além de formar o sujeito omnilateral, cabe também ao professor motivar seus alunos durante as aulas para que eles vejam os conteúdos de forma interessante e próximas à sua realidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo refletir acerca da ação docente exercida durante a realização do estágio obrigatório em docência no curso de Doutorado em Educação de uma universidade do norte do Paraná. Teve também como objetivo refletir acerca da percepção da motivação apresentada pelos alunos matriculados na disciplina em que o estágio foi exercido. As reflexões contidas no presente estudo foram feitas à luz dos pressupostos teóricos do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético, da Teoria da Autodeterminação e também dos relatos feitos pela turma em que o estágio foi realizado.
Embates históricos do federalismo na educação brasileira: origens, conceitos, equívocos e atores no cenário nacional
Authors: Cunha Célio da , Damasco Denise Gisele de Britto
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo compartilha reflexões sobre os embates históricos do federalismo na educação brasileira. Apresenta as origens, conceitos e embates históricos na configuração do federalismo na Educação, bem como o papel de diversos atores no contexto educacional. Discute-se sobre os impactos das distorções e equívocos históricos do federalismo advindos dos limites do federalismo assimétrico no Brasil, tendo em vista as discrepâncias existentes entre as unidades federativas e dentro delas. Os vários órgãos e instituições buscam trabalhar conjuntamente para que a educação brasileira possa desempenhar seu papel na sociedade. A progressiva evolução de um federalismo hegemônico para um federalismo cooperativo contribui para reduzir as desigualdades regionais, que dependem necessariamente de decisões políticas que somente um pacto federativo legítimo viabilizará.
Ausência presente em sala de aula: a morte de um aluno/a e o cotidiano escolar na perspectiva de professoras
Authors: Laterman Ilana , Szylit Regina
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre professoras que perderam um aluno/a por morte por doença no Fundamental I. Enfoca recursos e desafios em lidar com tal situação frente à turma de crianças. Adota uma perspectiva multidisciplinar entre os estudos de luto e morte na área da saúde, bases da psicologia histórico-cultural e da educação. Identifica, nos casos estudados, incertezas no ambiente escolar e processos visando equilibrar, nos dias e meses, o turbilhão de emoções e a vida cotidiana da turma em sala de aula. Competiu às professoras e às equipes pedagógicas coordenar a transição entre luto e vida escolar; estabelecer um ambiente acolhedor e seguro; e propor modos de lidar com os desafios emocionais e cognitivos decorrentes da perda do colega. Os resultados estão organizados, ainda, por meio das práticas realizadas pelas professoras entrevistadas e consideradas por elas fundamentais para o suporte da vida escolar nas situações vividas.
Validação de instrumento sobre engajamento e desengajamento moral de docentes diante do bullying na escola
Authors: Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino , Martínez José Maria Avilés , Gonçalves Catarina Carneiro , Andrade Fernando , Boni Larissa Di Genova , Santos Natália Cristina Pupin
Published: February 2021

Embora o bullying ocorra nas relações paritárias, sua prevenção e superação na escola demandam intervenção de docentes, que precisam ser capazes de levar estudantes à consciência do conteúdo moral em jogo numa situação de vitimização: isso requer dos professores conhecimento sobre valores implicados nesta violência, sensibilizando-se diante dela. Todavia, estudos evidenciam que muitos professores responsabilizam os alvos pelas situações de maus tratos ou deslocam a responsabilidade de intervir para as famílias: para tanto, valem-se de desengajamentos morais através dos quais diminuem ou refutam o problema, impossibilitando ações para superá-lo. Assim, objetivamos validar instrumento de pesquisa capaz de identificar as formas mais recorrentes de Desengajamento ou Engajamento Moral manifestas por docentes. Após ampla revisão da literatura, elaboraram-se duas histórias caracterizando situações envolvendo alvo típico e provocador, seguidas de 14 itens avaliativos adequados às oito formas de Desengajamento Moral definidas por Bandura e três formas de Engajamento Moral construídas para esta pesquisa. Após a Análise de Componentes Principais, aplicou-se o instrumento a uma amostra de 921 professores de escolas brasileiras e espanholas. Os resultados demonstraram a aceitação do modelo teórico proposto, cargas fatoriais significantes nos diferentes fatores e adequada fidedignidade do instrumento.
ANALYSIS OF COST AND RETURNS IN RICE PRODUCTION BY USAID-MARKETS II PROJECT PARTICIPANTS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Nwahia Ogechi Cordelia
Published: February 2021

This research work focused on analysis of cost and returns in rice production by USAID-MARKETS II project participants and non-participants in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 239 participants, and 252 non- participants for the study. Data were collected from primary source, and analyzed using Z statistic, Net Farm Income (NFI) and Returns Per Naira Invested (RNI). The result reveals that the Net Farm Income (NFI) obtained by USAID-MARKETS II project participants, and non-participants were N493, 067.55/ha, and N353, 408. 12/ha respectively while the return on investment obtained by them were N3.28k, and N3.05k respectively. There was a significant difference between the profits obtained by them. Therefore, this study recommended that the teaming unemployed Nigerian youth should be encourage by the government, and international agencies through provision of grant/loan to take up rice farming as a business.
Estudo Teórico do Mecanismo de Complexação do Íon Cobalto II com a Glucosamina Usando Dinâmica Molecular de Car-Parrinello
Authors: Camargo Lilian Tatiane F. de M. , Camargo Ademir J.
Published: February 2021

Cobalt II is essential for the body and is one of the components of vitamin B12. However, in excess, it is toxic. It is present in various industrial and nuclear reactor waste; removing it is necessary. Among the various processes for removing heavy metals from wastewater, adsorption stands out, economical, easy to apply, and efficient. Modified chitosan has shown promise in the adsorption of cobalt II from contaminated waters. Although experimental studies show cobalt II adsorption by chitosan, the adsorption mechanism by chitosan is still unclear. This work aimed to study cobalt coordination with glucosamine (chitosan monomer) in the gas phase and aqueous solvation using the Car-Parrinello Molecular Dynamics. The results show that cobalt can coordinate strongly with the amino group of glucosamine in both the gaseous and aqueous environments. The QTAIM analysis was performed to characterize the interactions. In the gas phase, a partially covalent interaction was observed, while in the aqueous medium, the interaction of Co with glucosamine can be classified as covalent. Understanding the coordination mechanism of cobalt II with glucosamine can help remove cobalt from wastewater.
Health Care Workers’ Reasons for Choosing Between Two Different COVID-19 Prophylaxis Trials in an Acute Pandemic Context: Single-Center Questionnaire Study
Authors: Borobia Alberto M , García-García Irene , Díaz-García Lucía , Rodríguez-Mariblanca Amelia , Martínez de Soto Lucía , Monserrat Villatoro Jaime , Seco Meseguer Enrique , González Juan J , Frías Iniesta Jesús , Ramírez García Elena , Arribas Jose Ramón , Carcas-Sansuán Antonio J
Published: February 2021

Background

In April 2020, two independent clinical trials to assess SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis strategies among health care workers were initiated at our hospital: MeCOVID (melatonin vs placebo) and EPICOS (tenofovir disoproxil/emtricitabine vs hydroxychloroquine vs combination therapy vs placebo).

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the reasons why health care workers chose to participate in the MeCOVID and EPICOS trials, as well as why they chose one over the other.

Methods

Both trials were offered to health care workers through an internal news bulletin. After an initial screening visit, all subjects were asked to respond to a web-based survey.

Results

In the first month, 206 health care workers were screened and 160 were randomized. The survey participation was high at 73.3%. Health care workers cited “to contribute to scientific knowledge” (n=80, 53.0%), followed by “to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection” (n=33, 21.9%) and “the interest to be tested for SARS-CoV-2” (n=28, 18.5%), as their primary reasons to participate in the trials. We observed significant differences in the expected personal benefits across physicians and nurses (P=.01). The vast majority of volunteers (n=202, 98.0%) selected the MeCOVID trial, their primary reason being their concern regarding adverse reactions to treatments in the EPICOS trial (n=102, 69.4%).

Conclusions

Health care workers’ reasons to participate in prophylaxis trials in an acute pandemic context appear to be driven largely by their desire to contribute to science and to gain health benefits. Safety outweighed efficacy when choosing between the two clinical trials.
Electronic Medical Record–Based Case Phenotyping for the Charlson Conditions: Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Doktorchik Chelsea , Martin Elliot Asher , D'Souza Adam Giles , Eastwood Cathy , Shaheen Abdel Aziz , Naugler Christopher , Lee Joon , Quan Hude
Published: February 2021

Background

Electronic medical records (EMRs) contain large amounts of rich clinical information. Developing EMR-based case definitions, also known as EMR phenotyping, is an active area of research that has implications for epidemiology, clinical care, and health services research.

Objective

This review aims to describe and assess the present landscape of EMR-based case phenotyping for the Charlson conditions.

Methods

A scoping review of EMR-based algorithms for defining the Charlson comorbidity index conditions was completed. This study covered articles published between January 2000 and April 2020, both inclusive. Embase (Excerpta Medica database) and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) were searched using keywords developed in the following 3 domains: terms related to EMR, terms related to case finding, and disease-specific terms. The manuscript follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

A total of 274 articles representing 299 algorithms were assessed and summarized. Most studies were undertaken in the United States (181/299, 60.5%), followed by the United Kingdom (42/299, 14.0%) and Canada (15/299, 5.0%). These algorithms were mostly developed either in primary care (103/299, 34.4%) or inpatient (168/299, 56.2%) settings. Diabetes, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and rheumatology had the highest number of developed algorithms. Data-driven and clinical rule–based approaches have been identified. EMR-based phenotype and algorithm development reflect the data access allowed by respective health systems, and algorithms vary in their performance.

Conclusions

Recognizing similarities and differences in health systems, data collection strategies, extraction, data release protocols, and existing clinical pathways is critical to algorithm development strategies. Several strategies to assist with phenotype-based case definitions have been proposed.
Polynomial Regression Analysis for Removal of Heavy Metal Mixtures in Coagulation/Flocculation of Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Puasa Siti Wahidah , Noor Ismail Kamariah , Bin Mahadi Muhammad Amarul Aliff , Zainuddin Nur Ain , Mohd Mukelas Mohd Nazmi
Published: February 2021

Wastewater produced from the electroplating industry generally consists of heavy metals mixture and organic materials that need to be treated before it can be discharged to the environment. Thus, the present investigation was focused on the selectivity removal of heavy metal mixtures consists of Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn). Several operating conditions, including the effect of pH and coagulant (FeCl3) dosage, were varied to find the best performance of heavy metal removal. Results show the efficiency of heavy metals removal for both wastewater characteristics were approximately 99%. The experimental data on the treatment of synthetic wastewater was plotted using polynomial regression (PR) via Excel software. The value of adjusted R2 obtained for the final concentration of Cu, Zn, and Cd after treatment were 0.6884, 0.9676, and 0.9283, respectively, which shows data were acceptably fitted for Cu and very well fitted for Zn and Cd. The coagulation/flocculation process performed on actual wastewater shows that the lowest final concentration of Cu, Zn, and Cd after treatment were 0.487, 1.232, and 0 mg/L respectively at pH of 12.
CoMFA, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies on Cycloguanil Analogues as Potent Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Kurniawan Isman , Fareza Muhammad Salman , Iswanto Ponco
Published: February 2021

Malaria is a disease that commonly infects humans in many tropical areas. This disease becomes a serious problem because of the high resistance of Plasmodium parasite against the well-established antimalarial agents, such as Artemisinin. Hence, new potent compounds are urgently needed to resolve this resistance problem. In the present study, we investigated cycloguanil analogues as a potent antimalarial agent by utilizing several studies, i.e., comparative of molecular field analysis (CoMFA), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A CoMFA model with five partial least square regressions (PLSR) was developed to predict the pIC50 value of the compound by utilizing a data set of 42 cycloguanil analogues. From statistical analysis, we obtained the r2 values of the training and test sets that were 0.85 and 0.70, respectively, while q2 of the leave-one-out cross-validation was 0.77. The contour maps of the CoMFA model were also interpreted to analyze the structural requirement regarding electrostatic and steric factors. The most active compound (c33) and least active compound (c8) were picked for molecular docking and MD analysis. From the docking analysis, we found that the attached substituent on the backbone structure of cycloguanil gives a significant contribution to antimalarial activity. The results of the MD simulation confirm the stability of the binding pose obtained from the docking simulations.
Assessing the Effect of Weak and Strong Acids as Electrolytes in the Removal of Cesium by Soil Electrokinetic Remediation
Authors: Putra Rudy Syah , Amalia Alfi Ihda , Jannah Naila Zahrotul
Published: February 2021

The removal of cesium from artificially contaminated soil using electrokinetic remediation with nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes had been evaluated. In this study, uncontaminated soil was taken from four different sampling points (i.e., A, B, C, and D) in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All samples were prepared as cesium contaminated soil (100 mg CsCl/kg soil), which have similar physicochemical characteristics with Fukushima soil, Japan. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) was conducted using a graphite electrode in a constant voltage of 1.0 Vcm–1 for 7 days without electrolyte pH control, with 1.0 M nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes. The current profile during the EKR was recorded by a data logger for every 10 min. The remaining cesium in the soil was measured by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 852.1 nm. The results showed that the type of acid used in the experiments affected the removal of cesium. The highest cesium removal was achieved when nitric acid was used in the experiment and then followed by acetic acid. For all acids, the removal ability of cesium from soil was in the following order: soil C > soil A > soil D > soil B.
FTIR-based Fingerprinting and Chemometrics for Rapid Investigation of Antioxidant Activity from Syzygium polyanthum Extracts
Authors: Rohaeti Eti , Karunina Fadila , Rafi Mohamad
Published: February 2021

Syzygium polyanthum, known as salam in Indonesia, which is rich in phenolics compounds with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we performed the determination of total phenolics and characterization of the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum leaves extracts using the FTIR-based fingerprinting technique. The extracts of S. polyanthum in water, ethanol, and ethanol-water (30, 50, and 70%) were measured for their antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and FTIR spectra. The antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract with different solvent extraction showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content is 70% and 50% ethanolic extract, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of each extract showed identical FTIR spectra patterns. According to their different solvent extraction, S. polyanthum extract could be grouped based on FTIR spectra using principal component analysis. Correlation between the functional group in the FTIR spectra with IC50 from S. polyanthum extract was analyzed using partial least square (PLS). The PLS analysis results showed that O–H, C–H sp3, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C–H aromatic are the main functional groups contributed to the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract. FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics could be used to classify different extracts of S. polyanthum and predicted functional groups having a significant contribution to antioxidant activity.