bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Board composition, executive remuneration, and corporate performance: The case of REITs
Authors: Alshimmiri Turki
Published: February 2017

This study strives to take an extra step to sharpen the comprehension of one aspect of agency theory as well as to extend previous research by examining the role of board of directors and managerial remuneration in enhancing corporate performance in the REITs industry. The main hypothesis in this study will be twofold. First, managerial remuneration is related to corporate performance. Second, the ratio of outside directors is related to corporate performance. This study will use a sample of REIT firms as of the end of 1996. The sample will consist of the actively traded REITs listed in the public stock exchanges. The final sample that meets all the criteria includes 167 REITs. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between cash managerial remuneration and firm performance. Moreover, this study confirms a nonlinear relationship between board size and firm performance. The relationship is negative when board size is small, and it turns positive when board size grows.
Building human capital in developing nations through SMEs: a strategic and complementary role for universities and small scale accounting and consulting firms
Authors: Samudhram Ananda Rao , Sinnakkannu Jothee
Published: February 2017

This paper introduces an SME development model, based on a case study of the Malaysian SME enabling environment. It proposes a structure of institutions that specifically addresses the different challenges faced by SMEs (including a lack of technological know-how, market and trade intelligence, advice on quality and capacity enhancements and financing), encased within supporting regulatory policies and synergistically linked with small scale accounting and consulting firms. It proposes establishing small business development units (SBDUs), within comprehensive universities, to strategically harness and deploy the universities’ internal brainpower for boosting nationwide SME development. It also suggests harnessing the power of the free market by promoting small scale accounting and consulting firms, that will serve as information intermediaries between SMEs, SBDUs and various institutions set in place to help SME development. A national human resource accounting policy is proposed to help in the governance of the SME sector. This policy would help to measure, manage and promote human capital development at the level of firms, economic sub sectors and the nation. Various incentives, such as tax exemptions and national level recognition and awards for successful consultants, will further promote SME development. These measures can also be promoted at regional levels, such as the ASEAN and APEC. Given that SMEs are major sources of employment, these measures that help to create robust SMEs that would support sustained long-term economic growth, which would in turn help sustain low unemployment rates and combat poverty.
Large pension funds and the corporate governance practices of Brazilian companies
Authors: de Oliveira Rodrigo Miguel , Leal Ricardo Pereira Câmara , Almeida Vinicio de Souza
Published: February 2017

We do not find any consistent evidence that the presence of the largest Brazilian pension funds as relevant shareholders is associated to higher corporate governance scores by public Brazilian companies. Even though companies with institutional investors as relevant shareholders presented a higher average corporate governance score than other companies, they were also larger and had greater past profitability than other companies, which are common attributes of firms with better corporate governance according to the literature. The impact of Brazilian institutional investors on the corporate governance quality of their investees is either negligible or cannot be captured by the proxies we employed. Finally, we note that these two pension funds may represent the policy and political views of the incumbent Brazilian government and that the actions of their board appointees may or not reflect what is understood as good corporate governance practices.
Presenting a core-periphery model of voluntary CSR disclosure in Australian annual reports
Authors: Andrew Nicholas Paul , Wickham Mark , O’Donohue Wayne , Danzinger Frank
Published: February 2017

The relationship between perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance and desirable outcomes is well established in corporate governance literature. Over the past two decades in particular, there has been an increased recognition of this relationship by executive managers and a concomitant increase in the quantity and detail of CSR activities being voluntarily reported by companies has been observed. The increasing level of voluntary CSR reporting has been attributed to two main corporate strategies: to conform to social expectations and to legitimize business operations to salient stakeholder groups within the community. Whilst there has been extensive academic interest in the concept of CSR, it has focused almost exclusively on normative definitions of the concept, and/or the presentation of empirical evidence that details ‘why companies report their CSR activities’ and ‘what CSR activities they report’. What is lacking in the literature, however, is a focus on the ‘patterns of strategic CSR reporting’ by companies. Based on the recognition of voluntary reporting patterns in the Australian industry, we present a core/periphery model of strategic CSR disclosure. The model allows for predicting how companies will voluntarily disclose their CSR performance given the issues, events and/or crises that affect their industry environments.
Insiders ownership and firm value in southern Europe
Authors: García-Ramos Rebeca , Olalla Myriam García
Published: February 2017

The effectiveness of the insider ownership as an internal governance mechanism is addressed in the Southern European context using a sample of publicly traded firms during the 2001-2007 periods. A cross country and panel data design is used, taking into account the endogeneity problem arising in studies of corporate governance. The results provide new evidence of the influence of the insider ownership on firm value by testing a non-linear relationship. Our study supports both the convergence of interests and the entrenchment effect. It also shows whether there are significant differences in the estimated relationship between family and non-family firms. We find that when the large shareholder has not a family nature, firm value initially declines with insider ownership, then increases, and, finally, increases again. However, when the large shareholder has a family nature, firm value initially increases with insider ownership and then decreases
Chartered accountant and public accounting experience non-executive directors on UK boards: Signals of quality earnings reporting to investors prompting price-to-earnings growth
Authors: Diehl Kevin A.
Published: February 2017

This research seeks to determine for the first time whether the presence of non-executive directors with chartered accountant and public accounting financial expertise on UK boards is important to investors in terms of signaling higher reporting quality. If so, investors should be willing to give higher premiums on stock prices over earnings than for companies with boards without these financial expertise characteristics. In this era not so distant from Enron and Parmalat, investors should value these characteristics to be present in evaluating the external and internal audits in financial reporting. The average price-to-earnings growth for companies with these board characteristics is 145.11 percent compared to an average decrease of 99.85 percent for those companies that do not
Government ownership, business risk, financial leverage and corporate performance: Evidence from GCC countries.
Authors: Zeitun Rami , Al-Kuwari Duha
Published: February 2017

This study investigates the effect of government ownership structure, business risk and financial leverage among other variables (size, age and growth) on a company’s performance in a panel data, using 191 companies from five GCC countries (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait), during the period 1999- 2006. Our results indicate that government ownership affects the performance and value of GCC firms. Government ownership positively and significantly affects firm’s performance ROA. The insignificance of a firm’s leverage (LEV) indicates that the firm’s performance is irrelevant to its capital structure, and that supports Modigliani and Miller (M&M) (1958) argument. Our finding is that business risk (BETA) significantly and positively affects firm’s performance ROE and supports the classic risk trade-off arguments. Furthermore, age was found to have a positive and significant impact on firm’s performance ROA and ROE.
Obstacles for the compliance with good corporate governance and practices for publicly traded and closed Brazilian companies
Authors: Vieira de Oliveira Oderlene , Colares Oliveira Marcelle , Forte Sérgio Henrique Arruda Cavalcante , Ponte Vera Maria Rodrigues
Published: February 2017

This study aims to identify the perceptions of executives from Brazilian companies traded and closed on obstacles for the adherence to good corporate governance practices. Therefore, a structured questionnaire was sent to 516 companies. We concluded that the perceptions of executives from Brazilian companies traded and closed differ with respect to amounts allocated; being most of the obstacles (ten out of thirteen) in adhering to good corporate governance practices. What could possibly be explained, is that the fact of a group having already gone through the process or have already duly joined this practice and not the other.
Liquidity management by South African banks
Authors: Crafford Wessel Lourens , Mostert Frederik J. , Mostert Jan Hendrik
Published: February 2017

The management of liquidity is of prime importance to banks. This management process should be carefully planned and continuously managed to master a global and/or national financial crisis. The objective of this research paper embodies the improvement of financial decision-making by banks regarding the management of their liquidity. To achieve this objective, a literature study was initially done. An empirical survey followed thereafter, focusing on the 10 biggest banks in South Africa. They are the leaders of the South African banking industry, and as South Africa is a developing country with an emerging market economy, the conclusions of the study may also be valuable to banking industries of similar countries. The importance of the liquidity management factors, the problem areas surrounding this topic, as well as how often the requirements are adjusted to ensure proper and effective liquidity management are addressed.
Photochemistry and Spectroscopy of Singlet Oxygen in Solvents. Recent Advances which Support the Old Theory
Authors:   Chemistry and Nano-Material Science Department, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, Cherkasy, 18031, Ukraine, Minaev Boris
Published: February 2017

Molecular oxygen is a paramagnetic gas with the triplet O2( ) ground state which exhibits just sluggish chemical reactivity in the absence of radical sources. In contrast, the excited metastable singlet oxygen O2( ) is highly reactive; it can oxygenate organic molecules in a wide range of specific reactions which differ from those of the usual triplet oxygen of the air. This makes the singlet oxygen an attractive reagent for new synthesis and even for medical treatments in photodynamic therapy. As an important intermediate O2( ) has attracted great attention of chemists during half-century studies of its reactivity and spectroscopy, but unusual properties of singlet oxygen makes it difficult to unravel all mysterious features. The semiempirical theory of spin-orbit coupling in dioxygen and in collision complexes of O2 with diamagnetic molecules proposed in 1982 year has explained and predicted many photochemical and spectral properties of dioxygen produced by the dye sensitization in solvents. Recent experiments with direct laser excitation of O2 in solvents provide a complete support of the old theory. The present review scrutinizes the whole story of development and experimental verification of this theory.
Antioxidant Traits of Some Nanocarbon Moieties Integrated in Polymer Materials (a Review)
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis & Inorganic Chemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 113, H.Javid Ave.,AZ 1143 Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, Zeynalov Eldar , Wagner Manfred ,   Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany, Friedrich Joerg ,   Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany, Magerramova Matanat ,   Institute of Catalysis & Inorganic Chemistry, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 113, H.Javid Ave.,AZ 1143 Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, Salmanova Nazilya ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Ministry of Education, 20, Azadlig Ave., AZ 1010 Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: February 2017

This review briefly gives the status of worldwide researches in the aspect of an impact of incorporated fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on durability of different polymeric composites under stressful harsh therm-oxidative conditions. It has been inferred that among various nanoparticulates, fullerenes and CNTs are preferable to be used for enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of polymers. Fullerenes C60, C70, fullerene soot and CNTs being integrated in polymer matrix effectively prevent both their thermal and thermoxidative degradation, and photooxidation processes as well.
Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine
Authors:   Jana Evangelista Purkyne University, Kralova vysina 7, 400 96,Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic, Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Harrington JR John ,   Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA, Melnyk Yulia ,   Kremenchuk National University, 39600 Kremenchuk, Ukraine, Vystavna Yuliya ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2017

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.
A rare case of pharyngeal perforation and expectoration of an entire anterior cervical fixation construct
Authors: Quadri Syed A. , Capua John , Ramakrishnan Vivek , Sweiss Raed , Cabanne Marc , Noel Jerry , Fiani Brian , Siddiqi Javed
Published: February 2017

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a very common surgery performed globally. Although a few cases of expectorating screws or extrusion of screws into the gastrointestinal tract through esophageal perforations have previously been reported, there has not been a case reporting pharyngeal perforation and entire cervical construct extrusion in the literature to date. In this report the authors present the first case involving the extrusion of an entire cervical construct via a tear in the posterior pharyngeal wall. An 81-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a complaint of significant cervical pain 5 days after a fall due to a syncopal event. Radiological findings showed severe anterior subluxation of C-2 on C-3 with no spinal cord signal change noted. She underwent ACDF at the C2–3 level utilizing a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage, allograft, autograft, and a nontranslational plate with a locking apparatus and expanding screws. The screw placement was satisfactory on postoperative radiography and the Grade II spondylolisthesis of C-2 on C-3 was reduced appropriately with the surgery. The postoperative radiographs obtained demonstrated good instrumentation placement. Three and a half years later the patient returned to the ED having expectorated the entire anterior cervical construct. A CT scan demonstrated the C-2 and C-3 vertebral bodies to be fused posteriorly with an anterior erosive defect within the vertebral bodies and the anterior fusion hardware at the C2–3 level no longer identified. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy demonstrated a 1 × 1 cm area over the importation of the hypopharynx, above the glotic area. The Gastrografin swallowing test ruled out any esophageal tear or fistula and confirmed the presence of a large ulcer on the posterior wall of the oropharynx. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first ever reported case of a tear in the posterior pharyngeal wall along with extrusion of the entire cervical construct after ACDF. This case demonstrates a rare but potentially serious complication of ACDF. Based on the available literature, each case requires separate and distinct treatment from the others.
Does higher screw density improve radiographic and clinical outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Luo Ming , Wang Wengang , Shen Mingkui , Luo Xin , Xia Lei
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE

The radiographic and clinical outcomes of low-density (LD) versus high-density (HD) screw constructs in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with all–pedicle screw constructs are still controversial. A systematic review and pooled analysis were performed to compare radiographic, perioperative, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes and complications in patients with moderate AIS treated with LD or HD screw constructs.

METHODS

The MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for English-language articles addressing LD versus HD screw constructs in AIS patients treated with all–pedicle screw constructs. The division of LD and HD groups was based on relative screw density and screw techniques. This systematic analysis strictly followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, and all articles included in the analysis met the criteria specified in the guidelines. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Date on radiographic, perioperative, and QOL outcomes and complications were extracted from the included studies.

RESULTS

Twelve studies, involving a total of 827 patients (480 treated with LD constructs, 347 with HD), were analyzed—1 randomized controlled trial, 1 quasi-randomized controlled trial, and 10 retrospective studies. The patients' age at surgery, preoperative Cobb angle of the major curve, amount of thoracic kyphosis, and major curve flexibility were reasonably distributed, and no statistically significant differences were found. Regarding the outcomes at most recent follow-up, there were no significant differences in the Cobb angle of the major curve (mean difference 0.96°, 95% CI −0.06° to 1.98°, p = 0.06, I2 = 1%), major curve correction (mean difference −0.72%, 95% CI −2.96% to 1.52%, p = 0.53, I2 = 0%), thoracic kyphosis (mean difference −1.67°, 95% CI −4.59° to 1.25°, p = 0.26, I2 = 79%), complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.31–1.42, p = 0.29, I2 = 0%), and QOL outcomes. Reduced operative time (mean difference −48.56 minutes, 95% CI −82.69 to −14.43 minutes, p = 0.005, I2 = 87%), blood loss (mean difference −77.85 ml, 95% CI −153.10 to −2.60 ml, p = 0.04, I2 = 0%), and hospital charges (mean difference −$5.92K, 95% CI −$6.59K to −$5.26K, p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) were found in the LD group, compared with the HD group.

CONCLUSIONS

LD and HD screw constructs are both associated with satisfactory radiographic and QOL outcomes with few complications. This study supports the use of LD screw constructs for the treatment of moderate AIS, because they resulted in reduced operative time, blood loss, and hospital charges while maintaining radiographic and QOL outcomes and complication rates similar to those achieved with HD screw constructs.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND GIARDIA IN HUMAN AND ANIMALS
Authors: Ehsan M. A. , Akter M. , Ahammed M. , Ali M. A. , Ahmed M. U.
Published: February 2017

The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis are worldwide considered as an important cause of gastrointestinal disease in human patients and in animals. The high number of (oo) cysts excreted shortly after infection, together with the low infectious dose, results in an easy spread of infection. The aim of this literature review is to introduce Cryptosporidium and Giardia by addressing their taxonomy, life cycle, prevalence and clinical importance for both human and animals.
The High Court of Ghana Declines to Enforce an ECOWAS Court Judgment
Authors: Oppong Richard Frimpong
Published: February 2017

It is rare for a national court to be invited to recognise and enforce a judgment from an international or regional court, as opposed to a judgment from a foreign national court. This article examines a decision of the High Court of Ghana given in respect of an application to enforce a judgment of the ECOWAS Court of Justice. The article examines the bases of the Ghanaian court's decision not to enforce the ECOWAS judgment and suggests how future cases may be decided.
In Search of Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Flexible CK2 Subunit Interface
Authors: Bestgen Benoît , Belaid-Choucair Zakia , Lomberget Thierry , Le Borgne Marc , Filhol Odile , Cochet Claude
Published: February 2017

Protein kinase CK2 is a tetrameric holoenzyme composed of two catalytic (α and/or α’) subunits and two regulatory (β) subunits. Crystallographic data paired with fluorescence imaging techniques have suggested that the formation of the CK2 holoenzyme complex within cells is a dynamic process. Although the monomeric CK2α subunit is endowed with a constitutive catalytic activity, many of the plethora of CK2 substrates are exclusively phosphorylated by the CK2 holoenzyme. This means that the spatial and high affinity interaction between CK2α and CK2β subunits is critically important and that its disruption may provide a powerful and selective way to block the phosphorylation of substrates requiring the presence of CK2β. In search of compounds inhibiting this critical protein–protein interaction, we previously designed an active cyclic peptide (Pc) derived from the CK2β carboxy-terminal domain that can efficiently antagonize the CK2 subunit interaction. To understand the functional significance of this interaction, we generated cell-permeable versions of Pc, exploring its molecular mechanisms of action and the perturbations of the signaling pathways that it induces in intact cells. The identification of small molecules inhibitors of this critical interaction may represent the first-choice approach to manipulate CK2 in an unconventional way.
Directionality across Diversity: Governing Contending Policy Rationales in the Transition towards the Bioeconomy
Authors: Scordato Lisa , Bugge Markus , Fevolden Arne
Published: February 2017

Although the bioeconomy has been embraced by many governments around the world as a way of responding to the grand challenge of climate change, it remains unclear what the bioeconomy is and how it can contribute to achieving these broad policy objectives. The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of whether, and how, the bioeconomy includes contending rationales for governance and policy-making. In order to do this, we apply a typology of three bioeconomy visions onto the policy discourse on the bioeconomy. These visions are (1) a bio-technology vision; (2) a bio-resource vision; and (3) a bio-ecology vision. Based on a discourse analysis of 41 submissions to a public hearing on the development of a bioeconomy strategy in Norway, the paper explores the actors involved in shaping the new bioeconomy and analyses their positions on this emerging field. The paper finds that it is possible to categorise the consultative inputs into these three visions, and also that the bio-resource vision is predominant, which reflects the structure of the national economy. Moreover, the paper reflects upon how the contending visions observed imply negotiations and power struggles, which may hamper directionality in the current socio-technical transition.
Etudes sur la basse Moulouya (Maroc Oriental). 4 : les carabiques des berges de l'oued Zeghzel
Authors: Chavanon Guy , Rahhou I. , Chavanon Louis
Published: February 2017

Nous donnons la liste commentée des 39 espèces de carabiques récoltées sur les bords de l'Oued Zeghzel (nord-est du Maroc), dont cinq sont nouvelles pour la région. Cette liste et l'impact d'une pollution organique sur le peuplement sont brièvement analysés.
Contribution à la connaissance des Histeridae de la faune française. 6e note (Coleoptera)
Authors: Secq Michel , Secq Bernard
Published: February 2017

Liste d'observations concernant 104 espèces de Coléoptères Histeridae en France continentale et en Corse, nous signalons deux Histeridae nouveaux pour la faune de France : Hypocacculus (Colpellus) praecox (Erichson) et Paromalus (s. str.) filum Reitter.
Une espèce de Bryozoaires d'eau douce (Phyloctolaemates) nouvelle pour la faune française : Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851)
Authors: d'Hondt Jean-Loup
Published: February 2017

Premier signalement en France d'une espèce de Bryozoaires Phylactolaemates, d'origine nord-américaine, introduite à la fin du siècle dernier en Allemagne orientale, et qui s'est propagée en Europe centrale dans le courant du XXe siècle, Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851).
Using Electrical Stimulation to Enhance the Efficacy of Cell Transplantation Therapies for Neurodegenerative Retinal Diseases: Concepts, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Manthey Abby Leigh , Liu Wei , Jiang Zhi Xin , Lee Marcus Hiu Kong , Ji Jian , So Kwok-Fai , Lai Jimmy Shiu Ming , Lee Vincent Wing Hong , Chiu Kin
Published: February 2017

Disease or trauma-induced loss or dysfunction of neurons in any central nervous system (CNS) tissue will have a significant impact on the health of the affected patient. The retina is a multilayered tissue that originates from the neuroectoderm, much like the brain and spinal cord. While sight is not required for life, neurodegeneration-related loss of vision not only affects the quality of life for the patient but also has societal implications in terms of health care expenditure. Thus, it is essential to develop effective strategies to repair the retina and prevent disease symptoms. To address this need, multiple techniques have been investigated for their efficacy in treating retinal degeneration. Recent advances in cell transplantation (CT) techniques in preclinical, animal, and in vitro culture studies, including further evaluation of endogenous retinal stem cells and the differentiation of exogenous adult stem cells into various retinal cell types, suggest that this may be the most appropriate option to replace lost retinal neurons. Unfortunately, the various limitations of CT, such as immune rejection or aberrant cell behavior, have largely prevented this technique from becoming a widely used clinical treatment option. In parallel with the advances in CT methodology, the use of electrical stimulation (ES) to treat retinal degeneration has also been recently evaluated with promising results. In this review, we propose that ES could be used to enhance CT therapy, whereby electrical impulses can be applied to the retina to control both native and transplanted stem cell behavior/survival in order to circumvent the limitations associated with retinal CT. To highlight the benefits of this dual treatment, we have briefly outlined the recent developments and limitations of CT with regard to its use in the ocular environment, followed by a brief description of retinal ES, as well as described their combined use in other CNS tissues.
Entre verbalisme et atypicité, la description de personnes par vingt locuteurs aveugles
Authors: Verine Bertrand
Published: February 2017

Dans Le sentir et le dire , Danièle Dubois (2009) et ses collaborateurs attestent la nécessité de déconstruire la norme visuelle implicite régissant les praxis et les discours contemporains. Le présent article analyse les qualifications physiques actualisées par vingt informateurs aveugles pour décrire une femme et un homme de leur entourage. La distribution et la modalisation de ces propriétés montrent comment ils négocient avec la norme perceptive visuocentrée : la description physique apparaît tantôt passée sous silence, tantôt limitée aux propriétés visuelles conçues comme les plus pertinentes selon l’interdiscours (couleurs des yeux et des cheveux notamment), parfois complétées ou, moins souvent, remplacées par des propriétés avant tout saillantes pour le locuteur, comme la voix et la peau. La norme est rarement contestée de manière explicite et transparaît surtout dans les tâtonnements d’actualisation des interviewés : autocorrections, modalisations, hésitations phonétiques ou lexicales, ralentissement du débit sur les qualifications tactiles ou auditives.
Routines discursives, variation et normes de genre
Authors: Sitri Frédérique , Veniard Marie
Published: February 2017

Cet article envisage la question de la norme du point de vue de l’analyse du discours, en reliant variation et « genre de discours » dans un corpus de rapports éducatifs produits dans le domaine de l’enfance en danger. En effet, l’étude de « routines discursives » – au sens de segments semi-figés remplissant une fonction discursive – fait apparaître que certaines réalisations de ces routines constituent des variations par rapport à l’usage commun. Nous montrons comment on peut rapporter ces réalisations aux fonctions et déterminations propres au genre. On considère ainsi le genre comme un lieu d’émergence des normes à l’intersection de la langue, des déterminations socio-professionnelles et des déterminations pragmatiques et discursives.
Vpliv podnebnih sprememb na količine vode in poplave morja v slovenski Istri // Climate change impacts on water quantities and sea flooding in Slovene Istria
Authors: Kovačič Gregor , Kolega Nataša , Brečko Grubar Valentina
Published: February 2017

V prispevku so obravnavane pretočne razmere rek v slovenski Istri in dvigovanje gladine morja. Z uporabo Senovega naklona smo v slovenski Istri potrdili statistično značilna trenda povečevanja skupne letne višine izhlapevanja 49 mm/desetletje in naraščanja povprečne letne temperature zraka 0,53 oC/desetletje. Statistično značilnega zmanjševanja skupne letne višine padavin nismo potrdili. Omenjeni dejavniki podnebnih sprememb, skupaj z drugimi spremembami v okolju, vplivajo na zmanjševanje srednjih letnih pretokov rek v slovenski Istri 40–80 l/s na desetletje, a trendi niso statistično značilni. Padajoči trend za reko Rižano je z vidika oskrbe obalnih občin s pitno vodo zelo zaskrbljujoč. Trend zviševanja srednje gladine morja (4,5 mm/desetletje) ni statistično značilen. Analiza je pokazala, da bi bilo ob dvigu gladine morja za 1 m poplavljenih 848 zgradb in ogroženih približno 3800 prebivalcev (največ v Kopru).The article deals with discharge characteristics of rivers in Slovene Istria and with the rising of the sea level. Using the non-parametric Sen’s slope test statistically significant trends of increasing annual potential evapotranspiration (49 mm per decade) and increasing mean annual air temperature (0.53°C per decade) were determined. Statistically significant decreasing of annual precipitation was not determined. These climate change factors, together with some other environmental changes, are reflected in decreasing of mean annual discharges of the rivers in Slovene Istria with the intensity of 40-80 l/s per decade, but the trends are not statistically significant. Decreasing trend of the Rižana river is problematic in terms of water supply in the region. Increasing trend of maximum sea level (4.5 mm per decade) is not statistically significant. Analysis showed that a total of 848 buildings would be flooded, and a total of around 3,800 people would be at risk (the majority of whom are living in Koper) if the sea level would increase by 1 m.
The new paradigm of solution dolines // Nova paradigma korozijskih vrtač
Authors: Resnik Planinc Tatjana
Published: February 2017

The paper focuses on the morphogenesis of solution dolines from a theoretical aspect. First of all, the classical paradigm of solution dolines is evaluated, followed by a review of contemporary understandings of karst processes. The author seeks to examine the shift from old concepts within karstology to new concepts and paradigms, although obsolete ideas are still present in lecture books and curricula/syllabi. The problem of altering paradigms is presented using the example of solution dolines, the most typical karst landform, and discussed further through the prism of changing deeply rooted paradigms in the educational process.Članek obravnava teoretični pogled na morfogenezo korozijskih vrtač. V uvodnem delu je ovrednotena klasična paradigma nastanka korozijskih vrtač; sledi mu pregled sodobnih pogledov na tovrstne kraške procese. Avtorica želi prikazati prehod starih krasoslovnih konceptov v novejše koncepte in paradigme, medtem ko so zastareli koncepti še vedno prisotni v učbenikih ter učnih načrtih. Problem sprememb paradigem je predstavljen na primeru korozijskih vrtač, ki so najbolj tipične površinske kraške oblike, skozi prizmo sprememb globoko zakoreninjenih paradigem v izobraževalnem procesu.
Geografska dediščina – sedem desetletij Zemljepisnega muzeja // Geographical heritage: seven decades of the Geographical Museum
Authors: Zorn Matija , Gašperič Primož
Published: February 2017

Leta 2016 mineva sedemdeset let od ustanovitve Zemljepisnega muzeja Geografskega inštituta Antona Melika ZRC SAZU. Ustanovljen je bil 7. maja 1946. Muzej pridobiva, hrani ter ureja kartografsko, slikovno in arhivsko geografsko gradivo ter pripravlja razstave. Obsega sedem zbirk – zbirko zemljevidov, zbirko atlasov, zbirko globusov, zbirko slik, zbirko knjižnih del, zbirko kartografskih in geografskih pripomočkov ter zbirko statističnih podatkov. S hranjenjem, razstavljanjem in raziskovanjem tega gradiva sodi med najpomembnejše ohranjevalce slovenske geografske dediščine.The year 2016 marks seven decades since the founding of the Geographical Museum at the Anton Melik Geographical Institute of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. It was established on May 7th, 1946. The museum receives, stores, and organizes cartographic, pictorial, and archival geographic material, prepares exhibitions, and also promotes the popularization of geography. It comprises seven collections: maps, atlases, globes, pictures, books, cartographic and geographic instruments, and statistical data. By keeping this kind of material, it is an important preserver of Slovenian geographical heritage.
Naravne in umetne pregrade ter z njimi povezani hidro-geomorfni procesi // Natural and man-made dams and related hydro-geomorphic processes
Authors: Komac Blaž , Zorn Matija
Published: February 2017

V članku predstavljamo hidro-geomorfne procese, ki so povezani z naravnimi in umetnimi pregradami. Ob zajezitvah, ki nastajajo za pregradami, prihaja zaradi različnih vzrokov, kot je nihanje vodne gladine, do proženja zemeljskih plazov in skalnih podorov. Takšni pojavi lahko povzročijo prelitje ali podrtje naravnih pa tudi umetnih pregrad. V tem oziru posebej poudarjamo Vajontski zdrs, ki je zaradi človeškega vzroka, velikosti in katastrofalnih posledic eden bolj znanih tovrstnih pojavov v Evropi. Predstavljamo tudi povečini spregledane pojave v Sloveniji ter nekaj večjih pojavov po svetu.The article presents hydro-geomorphic processes associated with natural and artificial dams. Landslides and rockfalls are triggered behind the dams due to different causes, e.g. fluctuation of the water level. Such phenomena can cause overspilling or demolish natural and artificial dams. In this regard, the article presents the Vaiont rockslide, which is due to human-related causes, its size and the catastrophic consequences one of the most well-known phenomena in Europe. Some other examples from the world and in Slovenia are presented.
Sedemdeset let raziskovanj na Geografskem inštitutu Antona Melika ZRC SAZU // Seventy years of research at the ZRC SAZU Anton Melik Geographical Institute
Authors: Perko Drago , Zorn Matija
Published: February 2017

Geografski inštitut je leta 1946 ustanovila Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti in ga leta 1976 poimenovala po največjem slovenskem geografu, akademiku Antonu Meliku (1890–1966). Od leta 1981 je sestavni del Znanstvenoraziskovalnega centra Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti (ZRC SAZU). Zdaj je s 33 raziskovalci največja slovenska geografska ustanova. Izdaja šest periodičnih znanstvenih publikacij: revijo Acta geographica Slovenica in pet knjižnih zbirk. Njegovi raziskovalci se ukvarjajo predvsem s temeljnimi in z uporabnimi geografskimi raziskavami Slovenije in njenih pokrajin. Pripravljajo temeljne geografske knjige o Sloveniji, sodelujejo pri številnih domačih in mednarodnih projektih, organizirajo znanstvena srečanja, izmenjujejo znanstvene obiske, izobražujejo mlade raziskovalce, poučujejo na fakultetah.The Geographical Institute was founded in 1946 by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In 1976 it was named after Slovenia’s greatest geographer, academy member Anton Melik (1890–1966). Since 1981, the Institute has been one of the members of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU). With 33 researchers the Institute is now the largest Slovenian geographical institution. The institute issues six scientific periodical publications: the Acta geographica Slovenica journal and five book series. The Institute researchers are engaged in basic and applied geographic research on Slovenia and its landscapes. They prepare basic geographical books on Slovenia, participate in numerous national and international projects, organize scientific conferences, participate in professional exchanges, train junior researchers, and teach at universities.
La Vision artistique de la montagne : panorama, pli ou plongée ?
Authors: Martinet Marie-Madeleine
Published: February 2017

Mountains as a new artistic subject gave rise to original modes of artistic vision, simultaneously providing answers to current questionings on spatial perception. Thus panoramic views offered an option suited to mediating the experience of travellers surrounded by summits. The undulations of uneven grounds provided motifs to represent folded spaces where diversity or surprise predominates over regularity; the reflections of these tormented shapes between glaciers became an object of scientific investigation, at the same time inspiring romantic landscape painters to find new shades of colour. Lastly, the vertical dimension, angled views and peaks, brought a new approach to perspective and the corresponding optical illusions.Mountains, a strange world, brought about inverted visual effects with the most irregular shapes prevailing over landscapes; and they were first studied in distant countries where their unusual appearance seemed less unexpected, before being discovered at home as an artistic subject
La Montagne dans la poésie lyrique d’Andrew Marvell : variations sur une vision apocalyptique et le locus amoenus
Authors: Mouchon Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2017

Andrew Marvell, known as the metaphysical poet of 17th century landscape gardens, likes strolling about his microcosm, taking delight in transforming by the thought the surrounding landcape into a "locus amoenus" where he can enjoy nature and solitude, farfrom these "wild creatures called men" (Upon Appleton House, to my Lord Fairfax, XIII, 102) he learnt to distrust. The theme of mountains plays a minor part in his poems. This is why it has never been tackled by literary criticism. If Marvell mentions mountains in some of his poems it is always with a sense of fright and impending danger. With him, mountains are seen with the mind’s eye and described with literary recollections and not from nature. They are awe-inspiring and it is better not to climb them. In order to get accustomed to them, the only means he finds is to reduce them to human proportions so that they can merge into the harmonious setting of his "hortus conclusus", the place where he withdraws into himself or more exactly into his own thought, as he admits it (cf. The Mower’s Song, stanza I, and Upon Appleton House, to my Lord Fairfax, stanza LXXVI). Within these idealized limits, miniaturized mountains enclose and protect the "hortus conclusus" or "locus amoenus" in which, after a life in Cromwell’s service, finally general Fairfax, Marvell’s protector, finds the enjoyable solitude he was looking for, in order to give himself up to leisure activities, amid his family, and the surrounding plants and animals, while his daughter, the young Maria, thanks to her beauty and virtues, presides over it
"Under Ben Bulben" : la montagne chez W.B. Yeats ou la rencontre du moi et du Soi
Authors: Dufour Michel
Published: February 2017

Though it is not generally considered one of Yeats’s main symbols, the mountain occurs frequently in his poetry, particularly in the last poems. By focusing on “Under Ben Bulben”, Yeats’s concluding poem, and by comparing various mountains in Yeats’s work – Oriental and Western, Italian and Irish – this article analyses the mountain as the place where the ego encounters a wider psychological dimension, the (Jungian) Self. Minimalist and conceptual, the Yeatsian mountain is reduced to archetypal forms related to the geometry described in A Vision, Yeats’s metaphysical treatise. Rooted in Irish mythology, and rising into a spiritualist ethereal world, the mountain conjoins different symbolic strata, allowing an intellectual and spiritual ascent. The article shows how, by drawing on multiple traditions and unifying them aesthetically into a complex symbol, the poet strives to embody the universal voice of the Self
In the Footsteps of Footsteps: Holmes and Stevenson in the Cévennes
Authors: Levy Ellen
Published: February 2017

Cet article traite de deux "pélerinages du coeur" dans les Cévennes : celui de Robert Louis Stevenson en 1878 (The Cévennes Journal, 1878, et sa version publiée, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, 1879) et celui de Richard Holmes en 1964 (décrit dans Footsteps’. Adventures of a Romantic Biographer, 1985). Nous essaierons d’y montrer comment la montagne est utilisée par deux jeunes écrivains comme métaphore : métaphore d’une temporalité stratifiée qui permet de lire le passé et de lui surimposer d’autres significations ; métaphore d’une quête spirituelle, d’une religion naturelle qui remplacerait tous les dogmatismes ; métaphore qui donne la mesure du courage de celui qui va sur les sentiers de la vie ; et finalement, métaphore d’une vocation : celle de l’écriture, l’équivalent d’une ascension
Du baromètre au piolet, cent cinquante ans de visions britanniques de la montagne
Authors: Tailland Michel
Published: February 2017

Throughout the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries, daring British travellers kept exploring and conquering mountain ranges up to then mostly "terra incognita Many of them, from William Brockedon, Edward Whymper, John Auldjo or Albert Smith not only wrote about them but also sketched or painted their landscapes thanks to their multi-faceted talents as writers, painters or engravers. This paper aims at analyzing the changes in the different points of view of a few generations of these artist/travellers who left an everlasting influence on contemporary visions of mountains. Far from the romantic or lyrical views of Shelley or Ruskin, their writings or etchings are therefore loaded with truth and emotion. They slowly changed the Rousseau-like view which had prevailed since the end of the XVIIIth century. Secondary literature, tales of vivid experiences, personal adventures or early mountain guidebooks, all of them embody the new and essential vision of an unknown world then becoming a craze to European elites
La Montagne et la Manière Noire
Authors: Levy Maurice
Published: February 2017

Graphic arts are not the only arts based on images: fiction (Gothic novels in particular) uses images which arouse comparable emotions. The object of this paper is to liken a number of set subjects typical of Gothic fiction to Turner’s use of the mezzotint technique in his Liber Studiorum. His engraved plates representing the St Gothard pass or Mont Cenis look as though they were illustrations of a number of passages of The Mysteries of Udolpho in which Ann Radcliffe describes mountains. The Via Mala and the "Devil’s Bridge" could be seen as graphic interpretations of certain scenes in The Italian or in Lewis’s Monk. The mezzotint technique, based on the progressive introduction of light on a copper plate which has been uniformly blackened, can be seen as a powerful metaphor of Gothic writing, because of its insistence on the dark side of people and nature, on "mountain gloom" and "mountain glory"
La Montagne dans His Dark Materials de Philip Pullman
Authors: Voogd Susanne
Published: February 2017

In His Dark Materials, Pullman’s trilogy, two children leave their homes and set out on a long physical and metaphorical journey over mountaintops and along dark abysses. This article seeks to explore how the mountains capes shape the children’s evolution, providing rites of passage as well as preparing their re-enactment of the Fall
La Montagne dans l’œuvre de quelques écrivains libanais d’expression anglaise
Authors: Jondot Jacqueline
Published: February 2017

Lebanese writers in the English language represent their mountains in an ambivalent manner: they use western aesthetic concepts (sublime, picturesque) while setting their representation in an Eastern context of ideological reappropriation of their land, focusing on its cultural and human occupation with a strong opposition between mountain and city dwellers. The mountain is seen as an ambivalent paradise, both a symbol of innocence and of lawlessness. This series of oppositions is a metaphor for the in-betweennness of these authors
Museums for the Nation: the Mountain and the Text in Willa Cather’s Fiction
Authors: Guillain Aurélie
Published: February 2017

Cet article explore les enjeux idéologiques et esthétiques de la représentation de la montagne dans trois romans de Willa Cather : The Song of the Lark, The Professor’s House et Death Comes for the Archbishop. L’espace des mesas et canyons du Sud-Ouest américain y semble constamment envisagé comme un espace proto-muséal, un conservatoire des traces de sociétés indiennes disparues dont il s’agit, pour l’écrivain, de trouver un équivalent formel dans la structure et les techniques descriptives de son propre texte