bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso do excesso de mortalidade associado à epidemia de COVID-19 como estratégia de vigilância epidemiológica – resultados preliminares da avaliação de seis capitais brasileiras
Authors: Freitas Andre Ricardo Ribas , Medeiros Nicole Montenegro , Frutuoso Livia Carla Vinhal , Beckedorff Otto Albuquerque , Martin Lucas Mariscal Alves de , Medeiros Marcela Montenegro de , Freitas Giovanna Gimenez Souza de , Lemos Daniele Rocha Queiróz , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Góes
Published: May 2020

No início de 2020 a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) reconheceu a situação de pandemia do novo coronavírus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), causador da Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). No Brasil até o final de abril de 2020 já tinham sido confirmados mais 110 mil casos e de 5 mil óbitos. A escassez de recursos laboratoriais e sobrecarga da rede assistencial, somados ao amplo espectro clínico da doença, pode dificultar a captação de toda a mortalidade por esta doença pela vigilância epidemiológica baseada na notificação individual dos casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o excesso de mortes nas capitais brasileiras com maiores incidências de COVID-19, como forma de validação do método avaliamos, também, uma capital com baixa incidência.

Nós avaliamos a mortalidade semanal por todas as causas durante o ano de 2020, até a semana epidemiológica 17, comparando com o ano anterior. Os dados foram obtidos através da Central Nacional de Informações do Registro Civil (CNIRC). Nós estimamos a mortalidade esperada e o intervalo de confiança de 95% projetando a mortalidade observada em 2019 para a população de 2020.

Nas cinco capitais com maiores incidências foi possível identificar excesso de mortes no período da pandemia, a faixa etária mais afetada foram aqueles com mais de 60 anos, 31% do excesso de mortes ocorreu na população entre 20 e 59 anos. Houve uma forte correlação (r=0.94) entre o excesso de mortes em cada cidade e o número de mortes confirmados pela vigilância epidemiológica. Não houve excesso de mortes na capital com mais baixa incidência, nem entre a população com menos de 20 anos. Estimamos que a vigilância epidemiológica conseguiu captar apenas 52% de toda a mortalidade associada à pandemia de COVID-19 nas cidades estudadas.

Considerando a simplicidade do método, seu baixo custo e confiabilidade para avaliação da carga real da doença, acreditamos que a avaliação do excesso de mortalidade associado à pandemia de COVID-19 deveria ser amplamente utilizada como ferramenta complementar à vigilância epidemiológica regular e ter seu uso incentivado pela OMS.
Cancer Care for All? Tales of Caring for Undocumented Patients with Cancer
Authors: Olazagasti Coral , Duma Narjust
Published: May 2020

This commentary describes the barriers undocumented immigrants to the United States face when trying to access health care and highlights the downstream consequences of these barriers on the health system and on health care providers.
Sex Prediction Using Finger, Hand and Foot Measurements for Forensic Identification in a Nigerian Population
Authors: IROANYA Onyekachi Ogbonnaya , EGWUATU Tochukwu Frank , TALABI Oluwabusayo Temitope , OGUNLEYE İfeoluwa Stella
Published: May 2020

In
forensics, the identification of recovered human remains is important and of great significance. Sex determination is the most important primary
parameter in human identification. We investigated the predictive
role of the anthropometric measurements of hand, finger and foot dimensions in
sex determination. The main objective was to correlate sexual dimorphism with
hand, finger and foot dimensions and determine their sectioning point(s) and
also ascertain the variables which can better predict sex.  A
cross sectional study was carried out using 200 students from Faculty
of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria aged 16-30 years. The
collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The average hand length,
breadth and index were found to be 17.44mm, 8.09mm and 0.3781mm greater in male
compared to the female subjects respectively, with no significant (p<0.05) difference
between the right and left hand in the same sex.
The resultant hand index suggests the females have higher dolichocheir morphology
compared
to males and no hyperbrachycheir morphology. The cutoff point index for the right (≤43.41mm) and left
(≤42.90mm) hand is suggestive of female, but is suggestive of male if the right
hand is >43.41mm and left hand is >42.90mm. A foot index section points for
the right (347.9mm) and left (349.4mm) foot was taken for male
and female foot identification. A cut
of point of 348.7mm was obtained to define sexual dimorphism of the foot index.
There was strong correlation between foot dimensions of both feet for the same
sex (p<0.01) while the foot dimensions of the male and the female were
significantly (p<0.05) different. The hand (length and breadth),
index/ring fingers ratio, foot (length and breadth) and ankle breadth are therefore
important indices and forensic identification tool
for
predicting sexual dimorphism and identifying human remains for medicolegal
examinations.
Developing a Model for Measuring Project Performance with Software Life Cycle Process Metrics and Calculating Project Success Score
Authors: GÜN Özgür , KUMRU Pınar Yıldız , ALADAĞ Zerrin
Published: May 2020

Despite the developments in the process and tool infrastructure in the software world, project success has not significantly improved. In software projects, the definition of project success means to produce products that the customer desires in the planned effort, time and budget. To achieve this goal, planning, analysis, design, coding, integration, testing and delivery processes are operated interactively from the beginning to the end of a software project. Metrics of these processes are used to measure the performance of software projects. Since the literature review shows that project management process metrics such as budget, effort, schedule, customer satisfaction, product quality are used in measuring project performance, more comprehensive and effective criteria are needed to be defined and applied in measuring project performances. Due to the importance of the project performance evaluation, a general evaluation model was created in this study. The proposed model is designed for use in the software industry. In terms of project performance, a model has been developed that focuses on management of project, requirement, risk, quality and configuration, development, verification and validation processes. The purpose of this article is to present a model that evaluates the performance of software projects and expresses project success with a numerical value. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the relative importance of each process metric criterion and sub-criteria that provide input to the performance evaluation. Statistical process control method was used in the evaluation of project performance and calculation of the project success score. It was operated in an R&D organization to verify the proposed model and the performance of a project in delivery phase to the customer was measured. It is thought that the model presented in this study will help the managers, who monitor the project status, to evaluate project performance, as well as provide the numerical comparison of performance between projects.
Left-sided Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for Trigonometrically P-Functions
Authors: BEKAR Kerim
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we obtain refinements of the left-sided Hermite-Hadamard inequality for functions whose first derivatives in absolute value are trigonometrically P-function.
Volunteer Beneran Indonesia:Keterlibatan dan Komitmen Warga Negara Muda di dalam Komunitas Berlatar Belakang Multikultural
Authors: Adha Muhammad Mona , Ulpa Eska Prawisudawati , Budimansyah Dasim , Johstone Jack McGregor
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to find out the involvement of Beneran Indonesia volunteers in the civic education program. For strengthening social cohesion, participants who are from various religions, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds have brought together and collaborated with volunteers through this program. Qualitative research with a case study method carried out by collecting data from 14 respondents. The result of the study shows that volunteering activities create solidarity, tolerance, communication, interaction, and good connections between volunteers. This research can be used as material for further research on volunteers and students (participants) in outdoor activities to create harmonious social cohesion.
La construcción de conceptos en Cinemática a través de la argumentación y la activación de actitudes en formación inicial de maestros
Authors: Pérez Bueno Beatriz , Jiménez Pérez Roque , Pérez María Ángeles de las Heras
Published: May 2020

Se pretende comprobar si un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje basado en la argumentación durante la resolución de problemas provoca un cambio positivo en ciertas actitudes del alumnado hacia la Ciencia, su aprendizaje y su didáctica. Se eligió intencionadamente la “Cinemática”, pues su estudio reúne ciertas características: la fácil contextualización y las relaciones proporcionales que se establecen entre las magnitudes implicadas. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario Likert y un pre y post-test que se analizaron a través de una tabla de categorías. Participaron 65 alumnos del segundo curso del Grado de Educación Primaria del Centro de Estudios Universitarios Cardenal Spínola CEU. Tras el análisis de los datos, pudimos apreciar una mejora en las tres componentes en las que dividimos las actitudes (cognitiva, afectiva y conductual) llevándonos a la reflexión de la importancia de romper con los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales para dar paso a nuevas estrategias que inviten a la reflexión y el diálogo en las aulas.
Fomentar la argumentación en clases de ciencias a través de una controversia sociocientífica en futuros docentes
Authors: Jiménez-Tenorio Natalia , Vicente Martorell Juan José , Aragón Núñez Lourdes , Oliva Martínez José María
Published: May 2020

La argumentación en ciencias es una competencia que se debería trabajar de manera explícita y con mayor profundidad en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias. El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar la calidad de los argumentos que presentan futuros maestros de primaria en una actividad de debate sociocientífico, en la fase inicial de una propuesta didáctica de corte argumentativa, siendo la controversia sociocientífica trabajada: “¿son las telefonías móviles perjudiciales para la salud?”. La información fue recogida a través de informes individuales que fueron analizados utilizando el método de cluster basado en el modelo de análisis de la argumentación de Toulmin. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría del alumnado se encuentran en niveles IV y V de argumentación, sin embargo denotan dificultad a la hora de desarrollar un discurso escrito, por ello consideramos la necesidad de seguir avanzando desde el ámbito universitario el desarrollo de propuestas en esta dirección.
Los hábitos alimenticios del alumnado de Primaria y sus posibilidades educativas
Authors: Rivadulla López Juan Carlos , García Barros Susana , Fuentes Silveira María Jesús , Golías Pérez Yolanda
Published: May 2020

Se pretende conocer y analizar los alimentos que los alumnos de Primaria ingieren en su día a día y, más concretamente, a la hora de la merienda (media mañana) en la escuela, estableciendo distintos perfiles del alumnado en base a los resultados obtenidos y aportando recomendaciones didácticas para los docentes con el fin de mejorar dichos hábitos. Se trabajó con 967 participantes (510 alumnos de Primaria y 457 familiares del alumnado). La recogida de datos con el alumnado se realizó mediante una investigación diagnóstica (observación directa), mientras que con los familiares se utilizó un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría del alumnado ingiere en su día a día alimentos variados y que la mayoría de las meriendas escolares suelen tener alguna carencia. Así, la escuela debe trabajar en mayor profundidad la competencia en alimentación en cooperación con las familias, pues ambos son los agentes más influyentes en la vida de los niños.
Interaction of Some Heavy Metals with Copper Content in Dock Plant
Authors: ADİLOGLU Sevinc
Published: May 2020

In this study, interaction of some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) with copper content in the dock plant was investigated. Dock (Rumex patientia L.) is a medicinal aromatic plant grown in contaminated soils with some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb). For this purpose, 100 mgkg-1 Cr, Cd and Pb were applied to each pot. The content of copper in test soils was found to be 1.50 mg kg-1. Increased doses of (0, 5, 10 and 15 mmolkg-1) EDTA chelate were given to soils contaminated with metals. At the end of a two-month trial, the plants were harvested. The contents of copper in the patience dock plant with a fixed dose of heavy metals were compared with that of heavy metals applied with increasing doses of chelate in the pot experiment. According to the results, increasing chelate applications, especially lead and cadmium contents increased the copper contents of the leaves of patience dock plant. However, the opposite situation was observed in the plant roots. These increases were found to be statistically significant at the level of 1%. The aromatic plant patience dock was shown to be a hyperaccumulator for heavy metals. Dock plant is useable for heavy metal remediation near highway or motorway in agricultural soils.
Experience with Selexipag to Treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Karelkina E. V. , Goncharova N. S. , Simakova M. A. , Moiseeva O. M.
Published: May 2020

Aim To present an own experience in using a medication selexipag in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) included into the V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center registry and participating in the GRIPHON and GRIPHON OL clinical studies.Material and methods 26 patients with PAH were included into this study since 2010: 20 patients with idiopathic PAH, 4 patients with PAH associated with systemic scleroderma, and 2 patients with corrected congenital heart defects. At the time of randomization, 19 patients had been receiving therapy with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for at least one month. Among the patients treated with selexipag (n=14), 4 patients reached a high individual maintenance dose (1200–1600 µg b.i.d.), 4 patients reached a medium dose (600–1000 µg b.i.d.), and 6 patients reached a low dose (200–400 µg b.i.d.).Results The selexipag therapy exerted a positive effect on secondary endpoints, specifically, on changes in the functional class of pulmonary hypertension, serum concentration of NT-proBNP, and physical working capacity of patients. Adverse events associated with the selexipag treatment, which resulted in termination of study participation, were observed in one patient.Conclusion To achieve the main goal of drug therapy, low risk of death with selexipag it is critical to observe the titration schedule and to aim at reaching the highest individual maintenance dose.
Combined Approach for Management of the Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Permanent Atrial Fibrillation: a Case Report
Authors: Ardashev A. V. , Zhelyakov E. G. , Kocharian A. A.
Published: May 2020

The article described a clinical case of a patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction (CHF-PEF) and permanent normosystolic atrial fibrillation (AF). A 73 year-old man (body mass index, 26.4 kg /m2) with permanent normosystolic AF (duration, 10 years) was hospitalized for augmenting of CHF symptoms. The patient had NYHA II-III functional class CHF and a history of long-standing arterial hypertension. The patient received chronic therapy according to the effective guidelines (angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, beta-blockers, and new oral anticoagulants). Transthoracic echocardiography showed a normal ejection fraction (EF) (57 %), a moderate enlargement of the left atrium (48 mm), and moderate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of left atrial AF was performed. For preparation to the RFCA, the patient was administered propanorm two weeks prior to the procedure. Following external electrical cardioversion (ECV) after RFCA, sinus rhythm did not recover. The patient was prescribed amiodarone, and repeat ECV was performed in a month, which resulted in successful recovery of sinus rhythm. However, due to an increase in serum thyrotropic hormone, amiodaron was replaced with the sotalol therapy (240 mg/day). This resulted in development of symptomatic sinus bradycardia and AF relapse at 3 days after ECV. A dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator was implanted to the patient; in another three months, repeat AF RFCA was performed with successful recovery of sinus rhythm. During the cardioverter testing for one year, the patient had one more AF episode, which was stopped by external ECV. Also, a 6-hour AF episode occurred at three months after the repeat RFCA. Symptoms of CHF disappeared by the 12th month. The combination therapy administered to the patient with normosystolic permanent AF and preserved EF, which included a pathogenetic therapy for CHF, antiarrhythmic drugs, implantation of a dual-chamber ECV, two sessions of AF RFCA, and repeat external ECVs, provided considerable improvement of CHF symptoms and stable sinus rhythm during a one-year follow-up. The return to sinus rhythm after 10 years of permanent AF necessitated changing the arrhythmia diagnosis to long-standing, persistent AF.
The Distinguish Method of Severe Aortic Stenosis Treatment Geriatric High Mortality Risk Patients
Authors: Kryukov E. V. , Kranin D. L. , Gajdukov A. V. , Fedorov A. Yu. , Nazarov D. A. , Zamckiy K. S. , Varochkin K. A.
Published: May 2020

Aim To improve quality of treatment for senile patients with pronounced aortic stenosis (AS).Material and methods Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valve pathology in cardiosurgical patients. Surgical correction of aortic valve (AV) stenosis accounts for 10 to 22 % of open-heart operations. 125 patients with pronounced AS were treated in the N. N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital between 2010 and 2017. This study was based on the implementation of new, minimally invasive methods in our clinic in 2013: balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAVP) of the aortic valve and transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis (TCAVP).Results In the group of patients receiving the drug therapy alone, the in-hospital mortality was 2 %. At the time of maximum follow-up duration (3 years), the survival rate was 50.5 %. In the group of patients who underwent the AV replacement with extracorporeal circulation, the 3 year postoperative mortality was 16.6 %. There was no 3 year mortality in the group of patients who underwent TCAVP. The short-term beneficial effect of BAVP was confirmed.Conclusion An algorithm was developed for medical care of patients older than 75 with pronounced AS; the place of BAVP in the step-by-step management of these patients was determined. Using the developed approach in the management of these patients provided a 32 % (p<0.05) increase in the number of cases of radical surgical care.
Typography in Media Historical Perspective
Authors: Post Jack , Lentjes Ewan
Published: May 2020

At first glance, a special issue on the subject of typography might seem an unusual choice for an academic journal dedicated to media history. After all, wouldn’t the study of typography be better suited to a publication on the history of art and graphic design, or perhaps the study of books? A quick glance through previous general issues of the Journal for Media History (Tijdschrift voor Mediageschiedenis, or TMG) reveals that the majority of the articles deal with traditional media such as film, television, photography and print media. But TMG also publishes special issues on a wide variety of topics, ranging from the monarchy to scandals to representations of nature. These special issues challenge the journal to explore its boundaries, both in terms of research and scope. It will be interesting to see just which boundaries this special issue on typography will be crossed.
In Memoriam
Authors: Wijfjes Huub , Pafort-Overduin Clara
Published: May 2020

In memoriam of media historian Karel Dibbets (1947-2017).
A prospective and retrospective study on conservative management of hepatic and splenic injury following blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Nair Induchoodan Ponnamma Pillai Sukumaran , P. S. Rajesh
Published: May 2020

Background: worldwide road traffic accidents accounts as the leading cause of death of young people. For a very long time most of the intra-abdominal injuries following blunt abdominal trauma were managed operatively. Conservative management is becoming more acceptable and effective management option for blunt abdominal trauma during the last few decades.Methods: This study was conducted in Government Medical College, Kottayam during September 2007 to December 2008. All conservatively managed blunt abdominal trauma patients during the study period were included in the study.Results: Out of 22 patients, 4 patients failed conservative management. Success rate was 81%. Most commonly injured solid organ in the study group was liver (77%). Maximum cases were of age group 10 to 20 (31.81%) years. 81% of patients were males. Motor vehicle accident was the most common cause of trauma (77%). Mean stay in intensive care unit was 4.2 days and mean hospital stay was 15.7 days. Mean systolic blood pressure was 110 mmHg ranging from 70 to 130 mmHg. 50% of patients had moderate hemoperitoneum and non-had massive hemoperitoneum.Conclusions: Non operative management is safe and effective approach in blunt spleen and liver injuries. Non operative management should be treatment of choice for all hemodynamically stable patients with blunt liver and splenic trauma.
Evaluation of hearing in patients of chronic renal failure
Authors: Mukhtar Sabreena , Thomas James , Ghate Girija , Khan Raphella
Published: May 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered to be a major public health problem and only some studies have subsequently suggested the possibility of a link between the ear and the kidney. The aim of the study was to look for an association between the hearing loss and its association with CKD in absence of any underlying co-morbidities.

Methods: The study design was a hospital based cross sectional study. 50 patients diagnosed with CKD were included. The patients were subjected to general physical examination, examination of ear by otoscopy and hearing test by tuning fork test (256 Hz, 512 Hz and 1024 Hz). Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was also done.  

Results: It was observed that 24% patients were having unilateral or bilateral hearing loss. Of the 12 patients with hearing loss, PTA threshold was below or equal to 35 dB in 4 patients. Hearing threshold of 45 dB was observed in 3 patients. All 3 patients had unilateral involvement. 2 had hearing loss in right ear whereas left ear was involved in 1 patient. 5 patients had hearing threshold between 45-60 dB. Of these 5 patients, 3 had bilateral ear involvement whereas unilateral ear involvement was seen in remaining 2 patients.

Conclusions: CKD is commonly associated with senorineuronal hearing loss. The incidence was 24% in our study population. PTA can be a non-invasive procedure which may be employed to detect CKD patients suffering from any hearing loss.
A short term study for core stabilization as post operative protocol in post operated anterior cruciate ligament and its outcome
Authors: Krishna N. V. Siva Rama , Chitithoti Prathyush
Published: May 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the role of core stability exercises post op protocol for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed cases.

Methods: Out of 100 only selected were ninety-two male athletes who got ACL reconstruction with anatomical positioning of tunnels and adequate graft were enrolled in the study that was conducted between 2017 January to 2019 February. The enrolled were divided into two groups based on random number sequence i.e. group A (conventional rehabilitation; n=46) and group B (core stabilization and conventional rehabilitation; n=46). Assessment was done at 6 months, 9 months and 12 months for assessing the functional outcome by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, triple hop test, single leg hop test and knee laxity (KT-1000) test.

Results: At the end of study it was observed that scores of IKDC was higher in group B as compared to group A (p<0.005). Similarly, single and triple hop test jump distances were more in group B as compared to group A (p<0.05). In group A, 24 out of 43 sports persons returned to sports as compared to group B, where 35 out of 45 patients returned to sports (p value=0.02). There was no difference in KT-1000 score between two groups.

Conclusions: Addition of core stability exercises in the ACL rehabilitation program improves the functional outcome and incidence of return to sports. However, core stability exercises have no effect on knee stability.

 
İNSİDENTAL ADRENAL LEZYONLARIN KLİNİK, HORMONAL VE HİSTOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: TEK MERKEZ SONUÇLARI
Authors: Akın Şafak , Dağdelen Selçuk , Yıldız Bülent Okan , Gürlek Alper , Erbaş Tomris , Bayraktar Miyase
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: Adrenal insidentaloma günümüzde radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemlerinin yaygın kullanılmasıyla beraber klinikte sıkça karşılaştığımız bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada adrenal insidentaloma (Aİ) tanılı hastaların genel özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmada 2001-2013 yılları arasında Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde Aİ tanısı alıp takip edilen hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 543 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların 315 (%58)’ i kadın, 228 (%42)’ i erkekti (p<0.001). Ortalama tanı yaşı 56.71 ± 11.79 yıl idi. Fonksiyonel değerlendirmesi tam yapılan hastaların %76.2’si fonksiyonsuz adenom, %11.4’ü feokromositoma, %9.9’u subklinik Cushing sendromu (SCS), %1.6’si Cushing sendromu, %0.5’i hiperaldosteronizm ve %0.5’i katekolamin, glukokortikoid, mineralokortikoid ve androjen yüksekliği vakası idi. Yüzsekiz adrenalektomi yapılan hastanın, 28 (%26)’i adrenokortikal adenom, 15 (%14)’i feokromasitoma, 14 (%13)’ü adrenokortikal karsinom, ve diğer nadir tümör tipleri idi. Opere olan hastalar, olmayanlardan daha gençti (ortalama yaş, 54; sınırlar, 18-83; vs 57, 27-105 yaş, p < 0.001). Tüm Aİ serisinin ortanca sağ kalımı 101 ay [standart hata (SE): 15.1; %95 güven aralığı: 71.4-130.6] olarak saptandı.SONUÇ: Adrenal insidentaloma toplumda sık görülmektedir ve nispeten basit ve ucuz tanı yöntemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. İlk tanı anında düzgün ve güvenilir tanı testleri ile değerlendirilme yapılmalıdır. Uzun dönemde opere olan ve olmayan hastaların verilerinin karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
ACİL SERVİSE KARDİYOPULMONER ARREST NEDENİYLE GETİRİLEN VE SPONTAN DOLAŞIMI GERİ DÖNEN OLGULARDA ÇEKİLEN BİLGİSAYARLI BEYİN TOMOGRAFİNİN PROGNOZU BELİRLEMEDEKİ YERİ
Authors: Çolak Tamer , Hızal Mustafa
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: Acil serviste kardiyopulmoner arrest nedeniyle müdahale edilen hastalarda, spontan dolaşımın sağlanması sonrası çekilen bilgisayarlı beyin tomografinin hasta prognozunu belirlemedeki yerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamız, 28 kardiyopulmoner arrest hastası ile retrospektif olarak yapıldı. Hastaların demografik bilgileri, arrest yeri, arrest etyolojisi, kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon süresi, sağ kalım süresi ve Glasgow Sonlanım Skalası, bilgisayarlı beyin tomografisi bulguları ve çekim zamanı değerlendirildi.BULGULAR:Hastalar yaşam sürelerine göre 30 günün altında yaşayanlar (1. grup) ve 30 günün üzerinde yaşayanlar (2.grup) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. 1.ayın sonunda 13 (%46.43) hasta sağ kaldı. Sağ kalan hastaların 6 (%46.15)’sı iyi nörolojik sonuca sahipti. İlk bir ay içerisinde ölen hastalarda bilgisayarlı beyin tomografide hipodansite görülme oranı düşük iken gri-beyaz cevher silinmesi görülme oranı bazal ganglion düzeyinde %80 ve daha üst seviyelerde %100’dü. Hastane dışı arrest olan hastaların tümünde tomografide hipoksi bulgusu saptanırken hastane içinde arrest olan hastaların %70’inde hipoksi bulgusu vardı.SONUÇ: Kardiyak arrest sonrası bilgisayarlı beyin tomografide görülen hipodansiteye ek olarak gri-beyaz cevher silinmesi ve seviyeleri değerlendirildiğinde sağ kalım ve prognoz açısından tahmin yapılabilir.
MERMER SEKTÖRÜNDE ÇALIŞAN İŞÇİLERDE STRES DÜZEYİ VE TÜKENMİŞLİĞİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR FABRİKA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Demirezen Murat , Şenol Yiğit
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: İş stresi, kişinin görevini yerine getirme esnasında gerek kişinin kendine has olan yapısından gerekse çalışılan iş yerinden ya da yapılan işten kaynaklanan durumlara vermiş olduğu tepkidir. Çalışma hayatını olumsuz yönde etkileyen diğer bir unsur olan tükenmişlik sendromu hem bireysel hem de örgütsel açıdan olumsuz etkilere sahip bir durumdur. Bu çalışmanın amacı ve literatüre olan katkısı mermer sektöründe çalışan işçilerin stres düzeyi ve tükenmişlik durumunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu araştırma, mermer sektöründe çalışan işçilerde stresi ve tükenme durumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla bir mermer fabrikasında çalışan 140 kişiden 110 kişiye (%78.57) sosyodemografik anket formu, Öz Bildirim Stres Ölçeği, Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılarak yapılmıştır.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan işçilerin yüksek ruhsal strese sahip olanların tükenmişlik seviyesinin de yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır (r=0.375, p=0.0001).SONUÇ: Ruhsal stresi yüksek olan işçilerin tespit edilip özellikle stres yönetimi konusunda eğitim ve motive edici destek verilmesinin yararlı olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS- ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII COMPLEX (ABC) VE YENİ TÜRLERİ
Authors: Esen Berrin , Gözalan Ayşegül
Published: May 2020

Acinetobacter cinsi’nin sınıflandırılmasında 12 farklı genomik tür bulunduğu gösterilmiş, taksonomisinde son 30 yılda DNA-temelli metotların yaygın kullanımı sayesinde değişiklikler kaydedilmiştir. Bugün için Acinetobacter cinsi içerisinde 49 tür bulunmaktadır. A. calcoaceticus- A.baumannii complex içinde (ABC) klinik olarak önemli türler olan A. baumannii (genomik tür 2), Acinetobacter nosocomialis (genomik tür 13TU), Acinetobacter pittii (genomik tür 3) ve Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (genomik tür 1) türleri biyokimyasal olarak ayırd edilemezler. DNA-DNA hibridizasyon, rpoB gen sekans analizi ve multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ile A. calcoaceticus- A. baumannii complex’e son yıllarda iki yeni patojenik tür olan Acinetobacter seifertii ve Acinetobacter djikshoorniae eklenmiştir. Ayrıca non-A.baumannii türleri arasında plazmide lokalize blaNDM-1 geni taşıyan ve A. djikshoorniae’nın model suşu olan JVAP01T suşunun taslak genom dizilimi de yayınlanmıştır. Bugün için; Acinetobacter cinsinin tür düzeyinde ayrımı için; RNA polimeraz β-subunit (rpoB) geni, DNA giraz B (gyrB) geni sekans analizi ve/veya multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) altın standard moleküler metotlar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Diğer yöntemler; amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) , ve Matriks assisted lazer desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)’dur. Acinetobacter türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal direnç gelişimini önlemek için izolatların tür düzeyinde güvenilir yöntemler kullanılarak tanımlanmaları, uygun antibiyotiklerin kullanılması ve kesintisiz enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin uygulanması önemlidir.
PARATİROİD PATOLOJİLERİNİN TANISINDA KONVANSİYONEL DUAL FAZ RADYONÜKLİD GÖRÜNTÜLEME VE ERKEN SPECT/BT GÖRÜNTÜLEMENİN TANISAL DEĞERİ
Authors: Uçak Semirgin Sibel
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: Paratiroid patolojilerinin tanısında ve lokalize edilmesinde erken SPECT/BT görüntülemenin rolünün belirlenmesi ve tanısal değerinin konvansiyonel dual faz radyonüklid görüntüleme yöntemi ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Hiperparatiroidizm nedeni ile opere edilen ve operasyon öncesi radyonüklid görüntüleme yapılan 77 hasta retrospektif çalışmaya dahil edildi. Konvansiyonel dual faz radyonüklid görüntüler (erken/geç planar ve pinhol) ile erken SPECT/BT görüntülerindeki patolojik odak sayıları belirlendi. Radyonüklid görüntüleme bulguları histopatolojik son tanılar ile karşılaştırıldı.BULGULAR: Histopatolojik olarak 77 hastada toplam 93 patolojik paratiroid bezi tespit edildi. Adenom saptanan 65 paratiroid bezi, hiperplazi saptanan 24 paratiroid bezi ve selüler paratiroid dokusu lehine yorumlanan 4 paratiroid bezi mevcuttu. Adenom saptanan 10/65 (%15.4) paratiroid bezi atipik / ektopik lokalizasyonda yerleşimli idi. Histopatolojik olarak adenom ve hiperplazi tanısı alan paratiroid bezleri konvansiyonel dual faz radyonüklid görüntülemede sırasıyla %86.2 ve %54.2; erken SPECT/BT görüntülerinde ise sırasıyla %89.2 ve %62.5 oranında doğru olarak tespit edildi. Selüler doku tanısı alan paratiroid bezlerinde ise bu oran her iki görüntüleme yöntemi için %50,0 olarak belirlendi. Atipik / ektopik lokalizasyondaki paratiroid adenomlarının tamamında, erken SPECT/BT görüntüleri ile doğru ve tam anatomik lokalizasyon belirlenerek minimal invaziv cerrahi girişim imkânı sağlandı.SONUÇ: Erken SPECT/BT görüntüleri paratiroid adenomlarının görüntülenme oranını artırmaktadır. Özellikle ektopik lokalizasyondaki adenomlarda doğru ve net anatomik lokalizasyonu belirleyerek minimal invaziv cerrahi girişim planına katkı sağlamaktadır. Paratiroid hiperplazileri ile selüler paratiroid dokusunun tespitinde ise görüntüleme oranının düşük olduğu görülmektedir.
THE EFFECT OF BETAINE AND PIPERINE ON RATS WITH CREATED ALZHEIMER- LIKE DEMENTIA BY AF64A
Authors: Vurmaz Ayhan , Bozkurt Fatih , Dosay Akbulut Mine
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: The great majority of dementia patients (about 60-70%) suffer from Alzheimer disease (AD). The distinctive pathological signs of AD are senile plaques (SPs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTS), synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. In this study; it is aimed to determine the damage caused by Acetylcholine Mustard Aziridin Ion (AF64A), which induces neurological anomalies, and the therapeutic effect of antioxidant piperine and betaine.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study; 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and 4 groups were formed: Group 1 consisting of healthy rats (control, n = 6); Group 2 (n = 6) with experimental dementia induced by AF64A, group 3 (AF64A betaine, n = 6) treated with betaine and 4 (AF64A piperine, n = 6) treated with piperine. The mRNA levels of mitogen activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1) in hippocampus tissue, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and blood serum samples and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and erythrocyte samples were investigated. In addition, behavioral differences were determined in terms of duration using the morris water maze test.RESULTS: The highest GSH levels in liver and erythrocytes were determined in piperine-treated group 4 (p <0.01). The highest results were recorded in group 2 and the lowest results were recorded in group 4 (p <0.05) in terms of liver and plasma MDA levels. The best results in brain tissue pathology findings were also observed in the piperine applied group (p <0.05). There was a significant increase in hippocampus MAPK-1 mRNA levels in group 2 whereas a decrease in group 4.CONCLUSIONS:Determined pathological, biochemical and genetic analyzes beside the longest reaction time in the behavior test result showed that the use of AF64A significantly destroys the brain nerve cell. But especially piperine treatment create almost reversible effect onto AF64A damaging act via bring down all negative signs into control level compare to the betaine effect. AF64A application causes a significant level of brain damage in rats, creating a similar effect to Alzheimer's. As an alternative treatment, it shows that the application of betaine and piperine reduces all the negative consequences of AF64A, especially the application of piperine, to almost completely normal levels. These findings indicate that the use of antioxidant piperine may be beneficial in reducing and/or regressing oxidant effects in dementia and especially in AD.
ACİL SERVİSE BAŞVURAN MANTAR ZEHİRLENMELERİNİN RETROSPEKTİF OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İşler Yeşim , Kaya Halil , Yüksel Melih
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: Mantar zehirlenmeleri tüm dünyada özellikle yılın belli dönemlerinde daha sık görülen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Çalışmamızda, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil servisine mantar zehirlenmesi nedeniyle başvuran hastaları retrospektif olarak incelemeyi amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada, 01.11.2017 ve 01.11.2018 tarihleri arasında mantar yeme sonrası şikâyetleri başlayan ve mantar intoksikasyonu olarak kabul edilen 74 hastanın kayıtları incelendi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, şikâyetleri, şikayetlerin başlama süresi (saat), aile üyelerinde zehirlenme var mı, hangi ayda ve mevsimde başvurduğu ve mantarı nasıl elde ettiği (mantar türü), klinik, vital değerleri, laboratuvar bulguları, tedavide ne yapıldığı, tedavi sonucu verileri değerlendirildi. Veriler ortalama±SD veya n(%) olarak gösterildi. Parametrik veriler Student's t test ile kıyaslandı. Parametrik olmayan (non-parametrik) veriler Mann Whitney U testi ile kıyaslandı. Kategorik veriler ki-kare testi ile kıyaslandı.BULGULAR: Hastaların 44’ü kadın, 30’u erkekti. En sık görülen şikayet bulantı (%97.30) idi. Kusma 71 vakada (%95.95), ishal 16 vakada (%21.62), karın ağrısı 3 vakada (%4.05), ateş 2 vakada (%2.70) ve halsizlik 1 vakada (%1.35) mevcuttu. Vakalarımızın 49’u (%66.20) erken başlangıçlı, 25’i (%33.80) ise geç başlangıçlı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Hastaların %60.8’inde aile üyelerinde etkilenme mevcutken, %39.2’sinde etkilenme yoktu. Laboratuvar anormalliği karaciğer enzimlerinde bozulma %14 oranında görülürken bunu %5 oranında böbrek fonksiyon testlerinde bozulma, %50 oranında lökositoz, %46 oranında hiperglisemi ve %9.3 pt-aptt yüksekliği takip etmiştir. Mide yıkama ve aktif kömür uygulaması 69 hastaya uygulandı. Yüksek doz penisilin G 10 hastaya, asetilsistein 4 hastaya ve silibilin (legalon) 1 hastaya uygulandı. 74 hastanın 17’si (%23.00) hastanemizin ilgili servislerine yatırıldı. 4 hasta (%5.40) yer olmadığından sevk edildi. 26 hastanın (%35.10) tedavisi acil serviste yapılıp taburcu edildi. Hastaların 43’ü (%58.15) sonbahar mevsiminde, bunların da 29’u (%39.15) kasım ayında acil servise başvurdu. Mantarların %63’ünün toplama mantar, %6’sının kültür mantarı, %5’i bilinmeyen tür olarak tespit edildi.SONUÇ: Mantar zehirlenmelerinin çoğunun erken belirti veren zehirlenmeler olduğu, hafif klinik bulgularla seyrettiği ve olguların çoğuna yalnızca gözlem önerildiği görüldü. Acil servis hekimleri özellikle geç semptom veren olgularda, hastaları ölümcül mantar alımları açısından dikkatle değerlendirmelidir. Erken dönemde semptomu olanları da yeterince gözleyip uygun tedavisini vermelidir.
DUA EDEN İŞARETİ VE AVUÇ İÇİ BASKISI TESTLERİNİN ZOR ENTUBASYON TANI TESTLERİYLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Karaca Ümran , Özyurt Gürayten
Published: May 2020

AMAÇ: Genel anestezi altında endotrakeal entübasyon gerektiren hastalarda dua eden işareti (DEİ) ve avuç içi baskısı (AİB) testlerinin görülme sıklığını belirleyip, zor entübasyon tanı yöntemleri olan ağız açıklığı, baş boyun ekstansiyonu, mandibulanın malpozisyonu, tiromental mesafe, modifiye Mallampati skoru (MMS), Cormack ve Lehane skoru (CLS) ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamız; elektif şartlarda, genel anestezi altında ameliyat olan ASA I-III 330 hastayı kapsadı. Anestezi polikliniğine başvuran hastaların demografik özellikleri, zor entübasyon hikayesi ve kronik hastalıkları kayıt edildi. Ayrıca baş ekstansiyon, mandibulanın malpozisyonu, ağız açıklığı ve tiromental mesafe ölçümleri; MMS, DEİ ve AİB testleri uygulandı. Hastalara en az iki yıl deneyimli anestezi doktoru tarafından entübasyon gerçekleştirildi. Kullanılan laringoskop ve bleyd türü, endotrakeal tüp, rehber tel, CLS, larinks maske, entübasyon larinks maske, fiberoptik entübasyon kullanımına, dışarıdan bası uygulama gerekliliği, zor entübasyon varlığı ve olası komplikasyonlar belirlendi. P<0.05 istatistiksel anlamlı kabul edildi.BULGULAR: Çalışmamızda; zor entübasyon insidansı % 5.2 idi. DEİ pozitif ve Grade 2-3 AİB olan hastalarda zor entübasyon görülme sıklığı daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Dua Eden işareti pozitif hastalarda; MMS 3-4 ve CLS III-IV sıklığı düşük bulundu (p>0.05). Avuç Baskısı testinin; CLS ve MMS arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı. (sırasıyla p=0.013, p=0.044 ). Zor entübasyon görülme duyarlılığı, her iki test de düşük bulundu (sırasıyla, %41 ve %10).SONUÇ: Avuç İçi Baskı testi, MMS ve CLS ile gösterdiği anlamlı ilişki nedeniyle zor entübasyon tanısında yer alabilir.
A magyar mondattan 50 éve
Authors: Kenesei István
Published: May 2020

A tanulmány a mondattan kutatását tekinti át az 1960-as évek közepe óta, amikor is a professzorok egy csoportja bevezette a modern szintaxist a tantervbe, és számos fiatal nyelvészt kezdett felnevelni és támogatni az országban. Azóta különböző utak nyíltak meg a témakörökben és a nemzetközi kommunikációban egyaránt. A magyarországi szintaktikusok állandó szereplői a nyelvészeti közéletnek. Ezt a fejlődést kívánja nyomon követni ez a dolgozat, amely eredetileg a Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság 2020. évi közgyűlésén hangzott el.
Magyar eredetű szavak a litván nyelvben (2. rész)
Authors: Laczházi Aranka
Published: May 2020

Jelen írás célja a magyar eredetű litván szavak állományának felmérése. Ezek a lexémák főleg lengyel, ritkábban német, fehérorosz vagy orosz nyelvből kerültek be a litván nyelvbe a 16-18. században. A magyar kölcsönzések jól körülhatárolható tematikus csoportokat alkotnak a litván nyelvben. Egyértelmű részrendszert alkotnak például a magyar haditechnika exportjával kapcsolatos katonai kifejezések, csakúgy, mint a magyar területekről Lengyelországba vagy a Litván Nagyhercegségbe szállított mezőgazdasági termékeket vagy iparcikkeket jelző szavak. Ezeknek a lexémáknak csak kis része került be a mai irodalmi litván szóállományba, többségük történelmi emlék vagy nyelvjárási kifejezés. Ezen túlmenően a litán nyelvben jelentésük markáns változása is sok esetben megfigyelhető.
A mondván diskurzusjelölő variációs pragmatikai elemzése (1. rész)
Authors: Dér Csilla Ilona , Csontos Nóra , Furkó Péter
Published: May 2020

A tanulmány a mondván „mondván” diskurzusjelölő funkcionális, stilisztikai, formai és regionális változékonyságát vizsgálja a mai magyar nyelvhasználatban. A Magyar Nemzeti Szövegtár (MNSz2) részletes korpuszelemzéséből kiderül, hogy a mondván az írott és beszélt sajtó, valamint az írott beszélt online nyelv tipikus eleme, egyszerre jelöli az idézetet és a magyarázatot (megjegyzés, értékelés, bizonyíték, újrafogalmazás stb.). A regionális és formai különbségek kevésbé egyértelműek, mint a funkcionális és stilisztikai különbségek, ami arra utal, hogy a mondván egy teljes értékű diskurzusjelölő, stabil funkciókkal.
Dinamika és komplexitás romák etnikai és nyelvi (ön)definícióiban (1. rész)
Authors: Heltai János Imre
Published: May 2020

A romák csoportjához (vagy csoportjaihoz) való tartozás kritériumai hagyományosan sokrétűek: nyelv, etnikai hovatartozás, szociokulturális sajátosságok, történelmi sajátosságok stb. Ennek ellenére a kategorizálások folyamatosan kettősségekre oszlanak: cigány és nem cigány, beás és nem beás, magyar romák és vlah romák, romák és nem romák, sőt egy- és kétnyelvűek. Ezt a logikát, amely a stabil csoportok képzetét idézi, Rogers Brubaker (2002, 2004) csoportosulásnak nevezte. Dolgozatom terepmunka tapasztalataira támaszkodva bevezeti azt a gondolatot, hogy a csoportosulás kategóriái csak korlátozottan érvényesek kutatásunk lokusában, és a kutatásban részt vevő romák részben eltérően beszélnek a nyelvről és az etnicitásról. Azt vizsgálom, hogy a szuperdiverzitás koncepciója (Blackledge–Creese eds. 2018) mennyiben képes adaptálni ezt az alternatív megközelítést a tudományos kutatásba, és hogyan járulhat hozzá a romákkal kapcsolatos nyelvi és társadalmi kérdések vizsgálatához és kezeléséhez.
Toxigenicity and Phylogeny of Aspergillus section Flavi in poultry feed in Iran
Authors: Ghaemmaghami Seyed Soheil , Pashootan Nasrin , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of aflatoxigenic strains and level of aflatoxin in poultry feed. Aflatoxigenic strains were investigated in corn and soybean meal as the ingredients of poultry feed, as well as in two types of commercial feed, namely pellet and mash. The gene sequencing was performed to identify the species of Aspergillus section Flavi.
Materials and Methods: All samples were randomly collected from feed storage silos located in Iran in 2018. The samples were cultured on specialized media for 2 weeks at 28ºC. Identification of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates was based on macro- and microscopic morphological criteria and molecular analysis. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to confirm the aflatoxigenic isolates. In addition, the level of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by these isolates was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The strains were subjected to sequence analysis, and Bt2 PCR products were purified by the QIAquick PCR purification kit. At the final stage, the phylogenetic tree was built.
Results: Among 54 isolates identified as Aspergillus section Flavi, 20 (37%) isolates were found to produce aflatoxin at a range of 11.28±1.18 to 2239.92±92.26 μg/g fungal dry weight. The aflatoxigenic isolates had the frequencies of 45%, 40%, 10%, and 5% in the corn, pellet, soybean meal, and mash samples, respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of AFB1 were significantly higher in the corn samples (707.04±39.05) than that of other poultry feed samples (P<0.05). A total of 34 (63%) isolates were detected as non-aflatoxigenic on the yeast extract-sucrose broth in TLC analysis. The toxigenic isolates produced the highest (2232.62±55.49) and lowest (11.28±1.18) levels of AFB1 in the corn samples, compared to other feedstuffs. Furthermore, the mean level of AFB1 in mash product was 554.09±10.36 μg/g, compared to a mean level of 229.22±11.09 μg/g in pellets. The isolates were randomly selected, sequenced, and then analyzed. Subsequently, the phylogenetic tree of Aspergillus section Flavi was plotted.
Conclusion: The process of converting raw ingredients to compound poultry feed is more hazardous when there is not enough time and temperature provided to eliminate aflatoxigenic isolates. Therefore, Aspergillus section Flavi in poultry feed can pose a threat to the poultry industry and poultry products, thereby affecting the health status of humans. Unprocessed/processed materials, such as corns and pelleted feed, need further monitoring, especially when conditions are not optimal for destroying the fungus.