bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hautmalignome und immunmodulierende Antirheumatikatherapie
Authors: Burkhardt H. , Weisenseel P. , Radtke M. A. , Krüger K.
Published: January 2016

Es bestehen Unsicherheiten in der Einschätzung des mit der therapeutischen Immunmodulation der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) verbundenen Risikos einer Beeinträchtigung der protektiven Tumorimmunität. Insbesondere für Hautneoplasien sind gesteigerte Inzidenzraten aus der Transplantationsmedizin in Assoziation zur therapeutischen Immunsuppression bekannt. Diese Daten erlauben jedoch aufgrund der zur Transplantaterhaltung erforderlichen stärkeren Immunkompromittierung des Empfängers keine unmittelbare Übertragung auf die mit der RA-Therapie verbundenen Risiken der Entstehung bzw. Rezidivierung von Melanomen oder nichtmelanotischem Hautkrebs (NMSC), speziell des spinozellulären- und Basalzellkarzinoms. Die Literaturübersicht stellt die aktuelle Datenlage über den Zusammenhang zwischen der RA und ihrer Pharmakotherapie mit konventionellen synthetischen (cs) und biologischen krankheitsmodifizierenden Antirheumatika (DMARD) auf der Basis einer systematischen Recherche dar. Die Inzidenzraten für Melanome sind bei Biologika-naiven RA-Patienten im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung nicht erhöht; dagegen ist für NMSC von einer Risikoverdopplung auszugehen. Eine Biologikatherapie mit TNF-Inhibitoren beeinflusst das NMSC-Risiko nicht bzw. nur geringgradig, während das Melanomneuerkrankungsrisiko gegenüber einer Behandlung mit konventionellen csDMARD im Trend erhöht ist, ohne in allen Studien Signifikanzniveau zu erreichen. Die Datenlage zu nicht-TNF-blockierenden Biologika ist derzeit noch sehr spärlich und erlaubt bei bisher fehlenden Sicherheitssignalen keine validen Schlussfolgerungen zum Hauttumorrisiko. Eine Beachtung individueller Risiken, Empfehlungen einer suffizienten UV-Protektion und ein regelmäßiges Hautscreening dienen der Sicherheit der DMARD-Therapie.
Editorial
Authors: Fleming Jenny , Simpson Grahame
Published: January 2016

This issue brings 2015 to a close, and it has been a year of major change for Brain Impairment. We have seen a change of guard with our appointments as Co-editors, and the appointment of a new Associate Editor, Petrea Cornwell. A well-attended meeting of the Editorial Board was convened at the INS/ASSBI conference in Sydney in July. And the journal has been delivered in an on-line format for the full year.
Learning to school in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions
Authors: Gazzola M. , Tchieu A. A. , Alexeev D. , de Brauer A. , Koumoutsakos P.
Published: January 2016

Schooling, an archetype of collective behaviour, emerges from the interactions of fish responding to sensory information mediated by their aqueous environment. A fundamental and largely unexplored question in fish schooling concerns the role of hydrodynamics. Here, we investigate this question by modelling swimmers as vortex dipoles whose interactions are governed by the Biot–Savart law. When we enhance these dipoles with behavioural rules from classical agent-based models, we find that they do not lead robustly to schooling because of flow-mediated interactions. We therefore propose to use swimmers equipped with adaptive decision-making that adjust their gaits through a reinforcement learning algorithm in response to nonlinearly varying hydrodynamic loads. We demonstrate that these swimmers can maintain their relative position within a formation by adapting their strength and school in a variety of prescribed geometrical arrangements. Furthermore, we identify schooling patterns that minimize the individual and collective swimming effort, through an evolutionary optimization. The present work suggests that the adaptive response of individual swimmers to flow-mediated interactions is critical in fish schooling.
Experiential Learning in MPA Programs: A Case for Complementarity between Internship and Service Learning Requirements
Authors: Gerlach John David , Reinagel Tyler P.
Published: January 2016

Experiential learning is a growing practice in higher education today. Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs use experiential learning to expose students to application and reinforcement of academic theories and concepts. This most often is accomplished through a required internship. This article argues for the addition of service learning requirements to MPA curricula. A complementary relationship between internship and service learning requirements yields four primary benefits: (1) further involvement of pre-service and in-service students in experiential-learning activities; (2) additional exposure to real-life application of course concepts; (3) better and more targeted classroom reinforcement mechanisms; and (4) additional community benefit. Complementarity between internship and service learning requirements allows the best of each experiential-learning approach to augment the other. We contend that this produces better-prepared MPA graduates by exposing them to a more diverse set of immersive learning opportunities and application scenarios.
On the Ethics of Crowdsourced Research
Authors: Williamson Vanessa
Published: January 2016

This article examines the ethics of crowdsourcing in social science research, with reference to my own experience using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. As these types of research tools become more common in scholarly work, we must acknowledge that many participants are not one-time respondents or even hobbyists. Many people work long hours completing surveys and other tasks for very low wages, relying on those incomes to meet their basic needs. I present my own experience of interviewing Mechanical Turk participants about their sources of income, and I offer recommendations to individual researchers, social science departments, and journal editors regarding the more ethical use of crowdsourcing.
Relationship between early growth and CVD risk factors in adolescents
Authors: Musa M. G. , Kagura J. , Pisa P. T. , Norris S. A.
Published: January 2016

Low birth weight and a rapid weight gain in early childhood may lead to an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease later in life, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia. In this study, we examined the associations between size at birth, relative weight gain in infancy and childhood with specific cardiovascular disease risk factors in early adulthood. Adolescents (n=1935) from the Birth to Twenty plus (BT20+) cohort were included in the analysis. The following were treated as exposure variables: weight at birth, and relative conditional weight gain (CW), independent of height, between ages 0–24 months and 24–48 months. Outcomes were serum lipids and body composition variables at age 18 years. After adjusting for sex and other confounders, early life exposures were not associated with adolescent lipid profile. Following adjustment for sex and height (body size), birth weight [β=0.704 (0.40, 1.01)], CW 0–24 [β=1.918 (1.56, 2.28)] and CW24–48 [β=1.485 (1.14, 1.82)] accounted for 48% of the variance in fat mass. However, birth weight [β=0.773 (0.54, 1.01)], CW 0–24 [β=1.523 (1.24, 1.80)] and CW24–48 [β=1.226 (0.97, 1.49)] were also positively predicted and accounted for 71% of the variance in fat mass in adolescence (P<0.05). Our data suggests that birth weight and weight gain during infancy and early childhood independent of linear growth are related to adolescent body composition but not blood lipid profiles in an urban African population.
Intestinal microbiome is related to lifetime antibiotic use in Finnish pre-school children
Authors: Korpela Katri , Salonen Anne , Virta Lauri J. , Kekkonen Riina A. , Forslund Kristoffer , Bork Peer , de Vos Willem M.
Published: January 2016

Early-life antibiotic use is associated with increased risk for metabolic and immunological diseases, and mouse studies indicate a causal role of the disrupted microbiome. However, little is known about the impacts of antibiotics on the developing microbiome of children. Here we use phylogenetics, metagenomics and individual antibiotic purchase records to show that macrolide use in 2–7 year-old Finnish children (N=142; sampled at two time points) is associated with a long-lasting shift in microbiota composition and metabolism. The shift includes depletion of Actinobacteria, increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, decrease in bile-salt hydrolase and increase in macrolide resistance. Furthermore, macrolide use in early life is associated with increased risk of asthma and predisposes to antibiotic-associated weight gain. Overweight and asthmatic children have distinct microbiota compositions. Penicillins leave a weaker mark on the microbiota than macrolides. Our results support the idea that, without compromising clinical practice, the impact on the intestinal microbiota should be considered when prescribing antibiotics.
Modelling the Tox21 10 K chemical profiles for in vivo toxicity prediction and mechanism characterization
Authors: Huang Ruili , Xia Menghang , Sakamuru Srilatha , Zhao Jinghua , Shahane Sampada A. , Attene-Ramos Matias , Zhao Tongan , Austin Christopher P. , Simeonov Anton
Published: January 2016

Target-specific, mechanism-oriented in vitro assays post a promising alternative to traditional animal toxicology studies. Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the Tox21 effort, a large-scale in vitro toxicity screening of chemicals. We test ∼10,000 chemicals in triplicates at 15 concentrations against a panel of nuclear receptor and stress response pathway assays, producing more than 50 million data points. Compound clustering by structure similarity and activity profile similarity across the assays reveals structure–activity relationships that are useful for the generation of mechanistic hypotheses. We apply structural information and activity data to build predictive models for 72 in vivo toxicity end points using a cluster-based approach. Models based on in vitro assay data perform better in predicting human toxicity end points than animal toxicity, while a combination of structural and activity data results in better models than using structure or activity data alone. Our results suggest that in vitro activity profiles can be applied as signatures of compound mechanism of toxicity and used in prioritization for more in-depth toxicological testing.
Applications of time-series analysis to mood fluctuations in bipolar disorder to promote treatment innovation: a case series
Authors: Holmes E A , Bonsall M B , Hales S A , Mitchell H , Renner F , Blackwell S E , Watson P , Goodwin G M , Di Simplicio M
Published: January 2016

Treatment innovation for bipolar disorder has been hampered by a lack of techniques to capture a hallmark symptom: ongoing mood instability. Mood swings persist during remission from acute mood episodes and impair daily functioning. The last significant treatment advance remains Lithium (in the 1970s), which aids only the minority of patients. There is no accepted way to establish proof of concept for a new mood-stabilizing treatment. We suggest that combining insights from mood measurement with applied mathematics may provide a step change: repeated daily mood measurement (depression) over a short time frame (1 month) can create individual bipolar mood instability profiles. A time-series approach allows comparison of mood instability pre- and post-treatment. We test a new imagery-focused cognitive therapy treatment approach (MAPP; Mood Action Psychology Programme) targeting a driver of mood instability, and apply these measurement methods in a non-concurrent multiple baseline design case series of 14 patients with bipolar disorder. Weekly mood monitoring and treatment target data improved for the whole sample combined. Time-series analyses of daily mood data, sampled remotely (mobile phone/Internet) for 28 days pre- and post-treatment, demonstrated improvements in individuals’ mood stability for 11 of 14 patients. Thus the findings offer preliminary support for a new imagery-focused treatment approach. They also indicate a step in treatment innovation without the requirement for trials in illness episodes or relapse prevention. Importantly, daily measurement offers a description of mood instability at the individual patient level in a clinically meaningful time frame. This costly, chronic and disabling mental illness demands innovation in both treatment approaches (whether pharmacological or psychological) and measurement tool: this work indicates that daily measurements can be used to detect improvement in individual mood stability for treatment innovation (MAPP).
A portable SERS method for the determination of uric acid using a paper-based substrate and multivariate curve resolution
Authors: Villa Javier E. L. , Poppi Ronei J.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a portable quantitative method for the on-site determination of uric acid in urine using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and gold nanoparticle-coated paper as a substrate.
Polymer nanoparticle delivery of dichloroacetate and DACH-Pt to enhance antitumor efficacy and lower systemic toxicity
Authors: Yang Qiang , Cai Jing , Sun Si , Kang Xiang , Guo Jing , Zhu Yapei , Yan Lesan , Jing Xiabin , Wang Zehua
Published: January 2016

Nanoparticles loaded with dichloroacetate and DACHPt showed potential to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapyin vitroandin vivo.
Stereoselective organocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to enals: a homologation method to prepare polyenes
Authors: Chen Xiaobei , Zhang Yinan , Wan Huixin , Wang Wei , Zhang Shilei
Published: January 2016

A novel method for organocatalytic oxidation through oxidative enamine catalysis was developed with excellent compatibility for the direct syntheses of enals from simple saturated alcohols.
Combined NMR and molecular dynamics modeling study of transport properties in sulfonamide based deep eutectic lithium electrolytes: LiTFSI based binary systems
Authors: Pauric Allen D. , Halalay Ion C. , Goward Gillian R.
Published: January 2016

The trend toward Li-ion batteries operating at increased (>4.3 V vs. Li/Li+) voltages requires the development of novel classes of lithium electrolytes with electrochemical stability windows exceeding those of LiPF6/carbonate electrolyte solutions.
Reactions of arynes promoted by silver ions
Authors: Karmakar Rajdip , Lee Daesung
Published: January 2016

This tutorial review describes all known reactions of arynes promoted by silver-based reagents and catalysts focusing on reactivity and selectivity.
A systematic review of evidence for silver nanoparticle-induced mitochondrial toxicity
Authors: Maurer L. L. , Meyer J. N.
Published: January 2016

Here we review mitochondrial effects of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) exposure, which may mediate overall cytotoxicity observed following AgNP exposure.
Deep eutectic solvent promoted one step sustainable conversion of fresh seaweed biomass to functionalized graphene as a potential electrocatalyst
Authors: Mondal Dibyendu , Sharma Mukesh , Wang Chen-Hao , Lin Yu-Chuan , Huang Hsin-Chih , Saha Arka , Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar , Prasad Kamalesh
Published: January 2016

A scalable production method for Fe3O4/Fe doped graphene nanosheets with electrocatalytic activity from fresh Sargassum tenerrimum using a deep eutectic solvent is developed.
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized molecular and macromolecular double-decker silsesquioxane systems
Authors: Żak P. , Majchrzak M. , Wilkowski G. , Dudziec B. , Dutkiewicz M. , Marciniec B.
Published: January 2016

Synthesis and characterization of new, molecular and macromolecular DDSQ-based compounds functionalized by substituted styrenes and distyrylarenes (also with heteroatoms) in a stereoselective manner is presented.
Degradation of phenol by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process using Fe/Cu/Al catalysts
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Zhang Xihui , Wang Yangfan
Published: January 2016

Cu2+ and Fe3+ can react with H2O2, producing Cu+, Fe2+, and ˙OH. Then ˙OH can react with phenol directly. The degradation of phenol leads to the formation of the mixed byproducts, such as catechol, benzoquinone, resorcinol and hydroquinone.
A superrobust superhydrophobic PSU composite coating with self-cleaning properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance
Authors: Wang Huaiyuan , Zhang Xiguang , Liu Zhanjian , Zhu Yixing , Wu Shiqi , Zhu Yanji
Published: January 2016

In this study, a superhydrophobic polysulfone (PSU) composite coating with a high water contact angle (WCA) of 159° and a low slide angle (SA) of only 3.5° has been fabricated through a simple thermal spraying method.
Catalytic dehydration of 2,3-butanediol over P/HZSM-5: effect of catalyst, reaction temperature and reactant configuration on rearrangement products
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Yu Dinghua , Zhang Wengui , Hu Yi , Jiang Ting , Fu Jie , Huang He
Published: January 2016

As a type of important bio-based vicinal diol, 2,3-butanediol could be transformed into methyl ethyl ketone and 2-methyl propanal through a pinacol rearrangement mechanism under acid catalysis conditions.
Surface molecularly imprinted polymers grafted on ordered mesoporous carbon nanospheres for fuel desulfurization
Authors: Qin Lei , Shi Weiping , Liu Weifeng , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang , Xu Bingshe
Published: January 2016

By adopting OMCNS as a carrier, the corresponding desulfurization adsorbent SMIP/OMCNS possesses excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity towards DBT.
Tuning the nitric oxide release from CPO-27 MOFs
Authors: Cattaneo Damiano , Warrender Stewart J. , Duncan Morven J. , Kelsall Christopher J. , Doherty Mary K. , Whitfield Phillip D. , Megson Ian L. , Morris Russell E.
Published: January 2016

Nitric oxide release from CPO-27 MOFs and the resulting coronary artery relaxation response are tuned by isomorphous substitution of Ni into the MOF framework.
Ellipsoid-like Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composites constructed by nanocrystals for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Yang Hui , Guo Xingzhong
Published: January 2016

Porous ellipsoid-like Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 composites with a unique micro/nano structure have been successfully fabricated via a facile sol–gel route followed by calcination.
Type-II α-In2S3/In2O3 nanowire heterostructures: evidence of enhanced photo-induced charge separation efficiency
Authors: Tien Li-Chia , Shih Jhih-Lin
Published: January 2016

Type-II α-In2S3/In2O3 nanowire heterostructures exhibit significant photo-induced carrier life time improvement and visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity.
Catalyst-free synthesis of a three-dimensional nanoworm-like gallium oxide–graphene nanosheet hybrid structure with enhanced optical properties
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Dubey Pawan Kumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Vaz Alfredo R. , Moshkalev Stanislav A.
Published: January 2016

Here, we report synthesis and growth of catalyst-free three-dimensional β-gallium oxide nanoworm-like nanostructures on graphene nanosheets using a solid mixture of graphite oxide and gallium acetylacetonate by the microwave (MW)-assisted method.
Intracellular thiol-responsive nanosized drug carriers self-assembled by poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) having multiple bioreducible disulfide linkages in hydrophobic blocks
Authors: Moon Seung Yeon , Choi Yeon Su , Cho Jung-Kyo , Yu Minjong , Lee Eunji , Huh Kang Moo , Lee Don Haeng , Kim Jong-Ho , Kang Han Chang
Published: January 2016

Intracellular thiol can trigger effective drug release from polymeric nanoparticles having multiple disulfide linkages in the hydrophobic domain.
Structural, optical and photoconductivity characteristics of pristine FeO·Fe2O3 and NTPI–FeO·Fe2O3 nanocomposite: aggregation induced emission enhancement of fluorescent organic nanoprobe of thiophene appended phenanthrimidazole derivative
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Prabhakaran Annadurai , Karunakaran Chockalingam , Thanikachalam Venugopal , Sundharesan Munusamy
Published: January 2016

In this manuscript we report the successful synthesis of pristine FeO·Fe2O3, 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (NTPI), fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) of NTPI and NTPI–FeO·Fe2O3 nanocomposite.
Adsorption of Cd(ii) from aqueous solution by biogenic selenium nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Fanghui , Song Chao , Sun Xuefei , Tan Linrui , Wang Yunkun , Wang Shuguang
Published: January 2016

BioSeNPs, which were produced by aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor, could be used to remove cadmium from aqueous solution with high efficiency.
Porous N-doped graphitic carbon assembled one-dimensional hollow structures as high performance electrocatalysts for ORR
Authors: Luo Qiong , Chen Liyong , Duan Binhua , Gu Zhizhi , Liu Jing , Xu Meiling , Duan Chunying
Published: January 2016

Hierarchical porous and hollow N-doped graphitic carbon with one-dimensional structure was successfully achieved by a sacrificial template method, and exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic performance towards ORR due to its special structure.
Separator modified by Ketjen black for enhanced electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhao Di , Qian Xinye , Jin Lina , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Shanwen , Shen Xiangqian , Yao Shanshan , Rao Dewei , Zhou Youyuan , Xi Xiaoming
Published: January 2016

A routine separator modified by a Ketjen black (KB) layer on the cathode side has been investigated to improve the electrochemical performances of Li–S batteries.
Bio-inspired Janus composite nanoscrolls for on-demand tumour targeting
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lu Tsai-Ming
Published: January 2016

Inspired by the responsive characteristics of natural fibrous counterparts, triple stimuli, pH-, drug-, and near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive Janus composite nanosheets (JCNs) were investigated.
Characterization and optimization of graphite felt/BP2000 composite electrode for the H2/Br2 fuel cell
Authors: Zhang Linsong , Wang Xunying , Wu Shengqiang , Shao Zhi-Gang , Liu Sa , Wang Huaiyu , Chen Aibing
Published: January 2016

A promising graphite felt/BP2000 composite electrode is fabricated and investigated as a cathode for the hydrogen bromine (H2/Br2) fuel cell, which significantly improves the fuel cell performance.
Millimeter-sized carbon/TiO2 beads fabricated by phase inversion method for oil and dye adsorption
Authors: Gu Xiaoli , Zhou Kang , Li Yu , Yao Jianfeng
Published: January 2016

Millimeter-sized composite polyethersulfone/TiO2 beads were fabricated with different amounts of TiO2 and the surfactant F127 by a modified phase inversion method and the resulting composite carbon beads were obtained after calcination.
A molecularly imprinted nanocavity-based fluorescence polarization assay platform for cortisol sensing
Authors: Murase Nobuo , Taniguchi Shin-ichi , Takano Eri , Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi
Published: January 2016

The sensing nano-platform for cortisol detection was developed on the basis of the fluorescence polarization assay involving the competitive binding of dansyl-cortisol and cortisol against molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles.
Modulation of helix stability of indolocarbazole–pyridine hybrid foldamers
Authors: Kim Jee Seon , Jeon Hae-Geun , Jeong Kyu-Sung
Published: January 2016

The kinetic stabilities of the helical conformations of indolocarbazole–pyridine hybrid foldamers were modulated through single site modification.
Correction: Torularhodin, isolated from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, inhibits human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cell growth through Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis and AR down-regulation
Authors: Du Chao , Li Yingchao , Guo Yahui , Han Mei , Zhang Weiguo , Qian He
Published: January 2016

Correction for ‘Torularhodin, isolated from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, inhibits human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cell growth through Bcl-2/Bax mediated apoptosis and AR down-regulation’ by Chao Du et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 106387–106395.
Regular subspaces and invariant subspaces of Boolean control networks
Authors: Zhu Jiandong , Jü Pengjing
Published: January 2016

This study investigates some fundamental problems on regular subspaces and invariant subspaces of Boolean control networks. First, a new necessary and sufficient condition for regular subspaces is obtained, which exactly reveals the relationship between a regular subspace and its complementary subspaces. A new method to compute complementary subspaces is proposed. Second, invariant subspaces without the regularity presupposition are considered. Some necessary and sufficient conditions of invariant subspaces are given. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Smart distribution grid multistage expansion planning under load forecasting uncertainty
Authors: Najafi Ravadanegh Sajad , Jahanyari Nazanin , Amini Arman , Taghizadeghan Navid
Published: January 2016

The optimal distribution system planning (ODSP) is a complicated problem with multi‐objective function and multi‐constraints. The complexity of the problem is increased in smart distribution grids with uncertainties in both load and generation. In this study, problem of optimal smart distribution grids multistage expansion planning is presented in which reinforcement or installation time, capacity and location of MV substation and DER are taken into consideration. The binary global search optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the ODSP problem. The proposed cost function considers the capital investment, operation and the levelized energy cost (LEC) of each energy source. Loss characteristic matrix has been used for locating of MV substation and DER. The aspect of modeling under load growth uncertainty and multistage planning and multiple objective functions which are related to ODSP problem are considered in an integrated model. The multistage planning procedure is proposed to consider the pseudo‐dynamic behavior of planning and continuing growth of demand. Load uncertainty is represented by point estimated approach and the results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Presented methodology has been tested from base to long‐term period on distribution network. The obtained results confirm the ability and validity of the presented method.
In‐vitro study of human proximal femur microstructure: analysis of the relationship between micro‐computed tomography data and quantitative ultrasound parameters
Authors: Peccarisi Marco , De Marco Tommaso , Conversano Francesco , Pisani Paola , Spedicato Luigi , Greco Antonio , Panetta Daniele , Guido Giulio , Bottai Vanna , Salvadori Piero A. , Casciaro Sergio
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between selected quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters and human femur microstructure properties, as quantified by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). The authors employed an innovative custom‐designed experimental set‐up, which allowed the insonification of each portion of an excised femoral head sample, simultaneously including trabecular region, cortical layer and cartilage in their physiologic morphological configuration. Thirty different, uniformly distributed, regions of interest were analysed for the calculation of apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), integrated reflection coefficient (IRC) and several micro‐CT parameters. QUS data acquisitions were performed through both single‐element ultrasound transducers at two different frequencies (2.25 and 3.5 MHz) and a clinically available 128‐element echographic probe. Obtained results showed that AIB was strongly correlated with trabecular network properties (|r| up to 0.80) and IRC had appreciable linear correlations with cortical bone density (|r| up to 0.57). The agreement between single‐element transducers and echographic probe, combined with the innovative approach of considering the entire femoral head in its physiological shape with all its components (cartilage, cortical layer, trabecular region), encourages the clinical translation of the proposed approach as a possible new method for early osteoporosis diagnosis.
Challenges of additive manufacturing technologies from an optimisation perspective
Authors: Guessasma Sofiane , Zhang Weihong , Zhu Jihong , Belhabib Sofiane , Nouri Hedi
Published: January 2016

Three-dimensional printing offers varied possibilities of design that can be bridged to optimisation tools. In this review paper, a critical opinion on optimal design is delivered to show limits, benefits and ways of improvement in additive manufacturing. This review emphasises on design constrains related to additive manufacturing and differences that may appear between virtual and real design. These differences are explored based on 3D imaging techniques that are intended to show defect related processing. Guidelines of safe use of the term “optimal design” are derived based on 3D structural information.
Mechanical energy harvesting via a plasticizer-modified electrostrictive polymer
Authors: Yin Xunqian , Lallart Mickaël , Cottinet Pierre-Jean , Guyomar Daniel , Capsal Jean-Fabien
Published: January 2016

A plasticizer-modified electrostrictive terpolymer with improved electromechanical properties was investigated for mechanical energy harvesting via a pseudo-piezoelectric cycle. Experimental results indicate that the modified terpolymer exhibited improved energy harvesting performances in contrast with the pure terpolymer. A maximum generated short-circuit current of 3.635 μA (much higher than the leakage current) and a power density of 607 μW/cm3 were observed for modified terpolymer. Based on the quadric relationship between the energy conversion efficiency and the DC bias electric field, an energy conversion efficiency as high as 34% and a corresponding electrical power density of 4.31 mW/cm3 could be achieved for the modified terpolymer working at a DC bias electric field of 30 MV/m.
Frequency tuning of polarization oscillations: Toward high-speed spin-lasers
Authors: Lindemann Markus , Pusch Tobias , Michalzik Rainer , Gerhardt Nils C. , Hofmann Martin R.
Published: January 2016

Spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) offer a high potential to overcome several limitations of conventional purely charged-based laser devices. Presumably, the highest potential of spin-VCSELs lies in their ultrafast spin and polarization dynamics, which can be significantly faster than the intensity dynamics in conventional devices. Here, we experimentally demonstrate polarization oscillations in spin-VCSELs with frequencies up to 44 GHz. The results show that the oscillation frequency mainly depends on the cavity birefringence, which can be tuned by applying mechanical strain to the VCSEL structure. A tuning range of about 34 GHz is demonstrated. By measuring the polarization oscillation frequency and the birefringence governed mode splitting as a function of the applied strain simultaneously, we are able to investigate the correlation between birefringence and polarization oscillations in detail. The experimental findings are compared to numerical calculations based on the spin-flip model.
Thin Co/Ni-based bottom pinned spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory stacks with high annealing tolerance
Authors: Tomczak Y. , Swerts J. , Mertens S. , Lin T. , Couet S. , Liu E. , Sankaran K. , Pourtois G. , Kim W. , Souriau L. , Van Elshocht S. , Kar G. , Furnemont A.
Published: January 2016

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is considered as a replacement for next generation embedded and stand-alone memory applications. One of the main challenges in the STT-MRAM stack development is the compatibility of the stack with CMOS process flows in which thermal budgets up to 400 °C are applied. In this letter, we report on a perpendicularly magnetized MgO-based tunnel junction (p-MTJ) on a thin Co/Ni perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnetic layer with high annealing tolerance. Tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) loss after annealing occurs when the reference layer loses its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to reduction of the CoFeB/MgO interfacial anisotropy. A stable Co/Ni based p-MTJ stack with TMR values of 130% at resistance-area products of 9 Ω μm2 after 400 °C anneal is achieved via moment control of the Co/Ta/CoFeB reference layer. Thinning of the CoFeB polarizing layer down to 0.8 nm is the key enabler to achieve 400 °C compatibility with limited TMR loss. Thinning the Co below 0.6 nm leads to a loss of the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling strength through Ru. Insight into the thickness and moment engineering of the reference layer is displayed to obtain the best magnetic properties and high thermal stability for thin Co/Ni SAF-based STT-MRAM stacks.
Ultrahigh sensitive MoTe2 phototransistors driven by carrier tunneling
Authors: Yin Lei , Zhan Xueying , Xu Kai , Wang Feng , Wang Zhenxing , Huang Yun , Wang Qisheng , Jiang Chao , He Jun
Published: January 2016

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrate great potential in electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the device performance remains limited because of the poor metal contact. Herein, we fabricate a high-performance ultrathin MoTe2 phototransistor. By introducing an electron tunneling mechanism, electron injection from electrode to channel is strikingly enhanced. The electron mobility approaches 25.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, better than that of other back-gated MoTe2 FETs. Through electrical measurements at various temperatures, the electron tunneling mechanism is further confirmed. The MoTe2 phototransistor exhibits very high responsivity up to 2560 A/W which is higher than that of most other TMDs. This work may provide guidance to reduce the contact resistance at metal-semiconductor junction and pave a pathway to develop high-performance optoelectronic devices in the future.
Transketolase counteracts oxidative stress to drive cancer development
Authors: Xu Iris Ming-Jing , Lai Robin Kit-Ho , Lin Shu-Hai , Tse Aki Pui-Wah , Chiu David Kung-Chun , Koh Hui-Yu , Law Cheuk-Ting , Wong Chun-Ming , Cai Zongwei , Wong Carmen Chak-Lui , Ng Irene Oi-Lin
Published: January 2016

Significance

Excessive accumulation of oxidative stress is harmful to cancer cells. Our study demonstrates the important roles of a pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme, transketolase (TKT), in redox homeostasis in cancer development. We highlight the clinical relevance of TKT expression in cancers. We also show that TKT overexpression in cancer cells is a response of Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 (NRF2) activation, a sensor to cellular oxidative stress. TKT locates at an important position that connects PPP with glycolysis to affect production of antioxidant NADPH. Our preclinical study shows that targeting TKT leads to elevation of oxidative stress, making cancer cells more vulnerable to therapeutic treatment, such as Sorafenib. Using TKT as an example, our study suggests that targeting enzymes for antioxidant production represents a direction for cancer treatment.
Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme
Authors: Inoue Ichiro , Inubushi Yuichi , Sato Takahiro , Tono Kensuke , Katayama Tetsuo , Kameshima Takashi , Ogawa Kanade , Togashi Tadashi , Owada Shigeki , Amemiya Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Takashi , Hara Toru , Yabashi Makina
Published: January 2016

Significance

Understanding ultraintense light–matter interactions is an intriguing subject from viewpoints of basic science and practical applications. For the X-ray region, such research fields have opened up with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). By using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme, we firstly measured atomic response to XFEL light with femtosecond–ångstrom time–space resolutions. It was found that the atomic position is freezing until 20 fs after the XFEL irradiation, which supports the feasibility of damageless structural determinations with ultraintense XFEL pulses. The pump–probe scheme demonstrated here is an effective way to capture X-ray–matter interactions, and would contribute to verify and improve theory of X-ray interactions with matter, and stimulate advanced XFEL applications.
Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa
Authors: Oh Ji Eun , Kim Byoung-Chan , Chang Dong-Ho , Kwon Meehyang , Lee Sun Young , Kang Dukjin , Kim Jin Young , Hwang Inhwa , Yu Je-Wook , Nakae Susumu , Lee Heung Kyu
Published: January 2016

Significance

Protective mechanisms of commensal bacteria against viral infection are limited to how immune inductive signals are provided by commensal bacteria for enhancing immunity. Whether, or how, commensal bacteria might influence the effector arm of immune responses remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that dysbiosis within the vaginal microbiota results in severe impairment of antiviral protection against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. IL-33 released into the vaginal tract after antibiotic treatment blocks the ability of effector T cells to migrate into the vaginal tissue and secrete the antiviral cytokine, IFN-γ. Thus, our findings suggest a previously unstudied role of commensal bacteria in the effector phase of the antiviral immune response against genital herpes.
Usp12 stabilizes the T-cell receptor complex at the cell surface during signaling
Authors: Jahan Akhee S. , Lestra Maxime , Swee Lee Kim , Fan Ying , Lamers Mart M. , Tafesse Fikadu G. , Theile Christopher S. , Spooner Eric , Bruzzone Roberto , Ploegh Hidde L. , Sanyal Sumana
Published: January 2016

Significance

We used an unbiased screening strategy to capture deubiquitylases that participate in T cell receptor signaling in primary cells under physiological settings. We identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase (Usp) 12 as a crucial component of TCR expression at the cell surface, and found supporting evidence for its function by creating an inducible genetic knockout in Jurkat cells. Using proximity-based labeling, we identified LAT and Trat1 as substrates of Usp12. In Usp12-deficient cells, both LAT and Trat1 are ubiquitin-modified and lysosomally degraded, thus down-regulating TCR surface expression. Our data define a role of Usp12 in the TCR signaling pathway for the first time, to our knowledge. These results underscore the importance of deubiquitylases in fine-tuning signaling cascades and provide a basis for the screening of small molecules to identify potential inhibitors.
The problem of ‘tribal names’ in eastern Australia
Authors: Wood Ray
Published: January 2016

Deciphering the often conflicting accounts of group names in early records is problematic in land claims in eastern Australia south of Cairns. State parties see it as critical to establishing ‘the right people’ for each claim area, while also the records are often subject to divergent readings and dispute among claimants themselves. An example is the Kuku Yalanji region, with over sixty group names on record, of which eighteen alone are based on kuku ‘language, speech’ and for which highly contradictory locations are recorded: for instance in the south of the region one map has ‘Kuku Kulunggur’ where others have ‘Kuku Nyungkul(u)’ or ‘Kuku Buyunji’, whereas others have the latter two in the north or west where yet others have ‘Kuku Yalanji’.
Although ‘Kuku Yalanji’ has developed into the umbrella ethnonym,enough oral information on the wider stock of kuku names remains extant to show how the diverse emic paradigms underlying them gave rise to such confusing records.
The case is instructive for wider eastern Australia, where breaking the code of group naming practices and considering their history in processual rather than static terms is critical. The least likely reason that the names claimants now identify with do not match those of early records is that the 1788 ‘original tribe’ has since been displaced by another. What we should expect instead is a history more like that of the Yalanji case, with multiple and overlapping naming paradigms, names that are subject to slippage between levels of local organization and others to deictic referent-shifting, and some that do not denote a specific ‘tribe’ or even a dialect variant but simply reflect inter-group relations at the time they were recorded.
Same but different
Authors: Mushin Ilana , Angelo Denise , Munro Jennifer
Published: January 2016

In this paper we examine the historical and social factors associated with language contact in three Queensland settlements – Yarrabah, Cherbourg and Woorabinda – and discuss the impact these may have had on the emergence of the English-lexified vernacular languages associated with these communities today. Our focus is on the 20th century and how Queensland Government policies of removal towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, including those of the Cape York Peninsula, provided new contexts for sustained language contact in these settlements, not only between traditional languages, but also with pre-existing contact varieties. We show here how each vernacular is different because the sociohistorical circumstances in which they emerged are different. So while the three vernaculars we examine have been labelled as ‘Aboriginal English’, our research demonstrates a much richer picture – one which demands a re-examination of the vernacular of any Aboriginal community today as a product of its own unique history.
Future traffic demands and characteristics from a media perspective
Authors: Chambers C. J.
Published: January 2016

Providing topical information and entertainment began with wall paintings, the spoken word and face-to-face performance, then the addition of the written and printed word along with illustrations and pictures, followed by audio recording. In the early 1920s, regular broadcast radio services began, followed by television in the late 1930s, and this has provided the basis of broadcast media we know today. These innovations frequently pushed boundaries and challenged the status quo, but not all of these challenges were technical by any means. However, it could be argued that the development of accessible technologies has been fundamental to the successful deployment of information and entertainment media in all their forms throughout history. Today, the merging of audio and video media with a whole range of digital services is becoming commonplace. With the ability of such services to develop new approaches in supporting people’s everyday living experiences, this will take communication networks into a new era central to the way we live. This paper postulates that the historical trends with audio and video media developments from the early 1900s will continue to push future boundaries, and attempts to highlight the key demands and the developing trends from a communication network point of view.
A novel octanuclear nickel(II)–molybdenum(VI) heterometallic cluster based on the salicylhydroxamate ligand
Authors: Dou Ming-Yu , Lu Jing
Published: January 2016

Salicylhydroxamic acid (H3shi) is known for its strong coordination ability and multiple coordination modes, and can easily coordinate to metal cations to form compounds with five- or six-membered rings, as well as mono-, di- and multinuclear compounds with interesting structures having potential applications in organic chemistry, coordination chemistry, and the materials and biological sciences. A novel octanuclear nickel(II)–molybdenum(VI) heterometallic cluster based on the salicylhydroxamate ligand, namely di-μ3-acetato-di-μ2-acetato-di-μ3-hydroxido-di-μ3-oxido-tetraoxidooctakis(pyridine-κN)bis(μ5-salicylhydroxamato)hexanickel(II)dimolybdenum(VI) monohydrate, [Mo2Ni6(C7H4NO3)2(C2H3O2)4O5(OH)2(C5H5N)8]·H2O, (I), was synthesized by the reaction of sodium molybdate, nickel acetate and salicylhydroxamic acid in a dimethylformamide/pyridine/methanol solution at room temperature. The salicylhydroxamate(3−) (shi3−), acetate and oxide ligands adopt complicated coordination modes and link six NiIIand two MoVIcations into the octanuclear heterometallic cluster. All of the metal cations exhibit octahedral coordination geometries and are connected to each other through the sharing of corners, edges or planes. The heterometallic clusters are further connected to form two-dimensional supramolecular layers through weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Studies of the magnetic properties of the title compound reveal antiferromagnetic interactions between the NiIIcations.
6-[6-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl]pyridin-3-amine monohydrate
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Klingl Yvonne E. , Trauner Dirk , Mayer Peter
Published: January 2016

The packing of the title compound, C12H9N7·H2O, is dominated by hydrogen bonding and π-stacking. Layers parallel to [010] are established by hydrogen bonds involving all amine donor functions and one of the water donor functions, while the remaining water donor function enables the stacking of the layers along [10-1], which is accompanied by π-stacking. In the molecule, the plane of the central tetrazine ring forms angles of 5.33 (7) and 19.84 (8)° with the adjacent 3-amine-pyridine and pyridine rings, respectively.
A practice framework to support the Care Act 2014
Authors: Stanley Tony
Published: January 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the signs of safety and wellbeing practice framework offers a practical and logical reinforcement for the Making Safeguarding Personal programme within the practice context of the Care Act. The new practice framework orientates safeguarding practice to be person led and person centred while reinforcing an outcomes focus.

Design/methodology/approach

– The principal social worker co-led the design and pilot programme where the new practice framework was developed and trialled.

Findings

– A practice framework that houses the policy and practice updates needed to deliver the Care Act and Making Safeguarding Personal agenda is logical and necessary for the practitioners. An outcomes focus is encouraged because safeguarding practice is goal orientated and outcome focused.

Practical implications

– A debate about how practice frameworks can help achieve the Making Safeguarding Personal approach and deliver on the Care Act principles is offered. This is a new and important debate for adult social care; a debate well-established across children’s services.

Originality/value

– A debate about how practice frameworks can help achieve the Making Safeguarding Personal approach and deliver on the Care Act principles is offered. This is a new and important debate for adult social care; a debate well-established across children’s services.
Perspectives of rural carers on benefits and barriers of receiving occupational therapy via Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Gardner Kate , Bundy Anita , Dew Angela
Published: January 2016

Introduction

People with a disability living in rural areas commonly experience difficulty in accessing therapy services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) may have the potential to provide occupational therapy services remotely through two‐way visual interactions. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the perspectives of carers of a person with a disability living in rural New South Wales (NSW) on the use of ICT for occupational therapy service delivery.

Methods

Individual semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 11 carers of persons with a disability living in rural NSW. Participants were asked about their use of technology, therapy experiences and their attitudes towards using ICT to receive occupational therapy for their son/daughter. Data were analysed via constant comparison and thematic analysis.

Results

Participants were willing to use ICT to enhance their current access to therapy based on their in‐depth knowledge of their son or daughter and their prior experiences with therapy and technology. For ICT to work for occupational therapy, participants identified the need for support and access prior to, during and between ICT sessions.

Conclusion

From the carers’ perspectives, ICT has the potential to increase access to occupational therapy services for people with a disability who live in rural NSW. Occupational therapists could benefit from eliciting the experiences, knowledge and willingness of rural carers to deliver therapy via ICT, thereby supplementing and enhancing in‐person service delivery.