bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing quantile regression methods for probabilistic forecasting of NO2 pollution levels
Authors: Vasseur Sebastien Pérez , Aznarte José L.
Published: June 2021

High concentration episodes for NO2 are increasingly dealt with by authorities through traffic restrictions which are activated when air quality deteriorates beyond certain thresholds. Foreseeing the probability that pollutant concentrations reach those thresholds becomes thus a necessity. Probabilistic forecasting, as oposed to point-forecasting, is a family of techniques that allow for the prediction of the expected distribution function instead of a single future value. In the case of NO2, it allows for the calculation of future chances of exceeding thresholds and to detect pollution peaks. However, there is a lack of comparative studies for probabilistic models in the field of air pollution. In this work, we thoroughly compared 10 state of the art quantile regression models, using them to predict the distribution of NO2 concentrations in a urban location for a set of forecasting horizons (up to 60 hours into the future). Instead of using directly the quantiles, we derived from them the parameters of a predicted distribution, rendering this method semi-parametric. Amongst the models tested, quantile gradient boosted trees show the best performance, yielding the best results for both expected point value and full distribution. However, we found the simpler quantile k-nearest neighbors combined with a linear regression provided similar results with much lower training time and complexity.
A generalized deep learning framework for whole-slide image segmentation and analysis
Authors: Khened Mahendra , Kori Avinash , Rajkumar Haran , Krishnamurthi Ganapathy , Srinivasan Balaji
Published: June 2021

Histopathology tissue analysis is considered the gold standard in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Whole-slide imaging (WSI), i.e., the scanning and digitization of entire histology slides, are now being adopted across the world in pathology labs. Trained histopathologists can provide an accurate diagnosis of biopsy specimens based on WSI data. Given the dimensionality of WSIs and the increase in the number of potential cancer cases, analyzing these images is a time-consuming process. Automated segmentation of tumorous tissue helps in elevating the precision, speed, and reproducibility of research. In the recent past, deep learning-based techniques have provided state-of-the-art results in a wide variety of image analysis tasks, including the analysis of digitized slides. However, deep learning-based solutions pose many technical challenges, including the large size of WSI data, heterogeneity in images, and complexity of features. In this study, we propose a generalized deep learning-based framework for histopathology tissue analysis to address these challenges. Our framework is, in essence, a sequence of individual techniques in the preprocessing-training-inference pipeline which, in conjunction, improve the efficiency and the generalizability of the analysis. The combination of techniques we have introduced includes an ensemble segmentation model, division of the WSI into smaller overlapping patches while addressing class imbalances, efficient techniques for inference, and an efficient, patch-based uncertainty estimation framework. Our ensemble consists of DenseNet-121, Inception-ResNet-V2, and DeeplabV3Plus, where all the networks were trained end to end for every task. We demonstrate the efficacy and improved generalizability of our framework by evaluating it on a variety of histopathology tasks including breast cancer metastases (CAMELYON), colon cancer (DigestPath), and liver cancer (PAIP). Our proposed framework has state-of-the-art performance across all these tasks and is ranked within the top 5 currently for the challenges based on these datasets. The entire framework along with the trained models and the related documentation are made freely available at GitHub and PyPi. Our framework is expected to aid histopathologists in accurate and efficient initial diagnosis. Moreover, the estimated uncertainty maps will help clinicians to make informed decisions and further treatment planning or analysis.
Assessing the tropical forest cover change in northern parts of Sonitpur and Udalguri District of Assam, India
Authors: Mahato Ranjit , Nimasow Gibji , Nimasow Oyi Dai , Bushi Dhoni
Published: June 2021

Sonitpur and Udalguri district of Assam possess rich tropical forests with equally important faunal species. The Nameri National Park, Sonai-Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary, and other Reserved Forests are areas of attraction for tourists and wildlife lovers. However, these protected areas are reportedly facing the problem of encroachment and large-scale deforestation. Therefore, this study attempts to estimate the forest cover change in the area through integrating the remotely sensed data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 with the Geographic Information System. The Maximum Likelihood algorithm-based supervised classification shows acceptable agreement between the classified image and the ground truth data with an overall accuracy of about 96% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.95. The results reveal a forest cover loss of 7.47% from 1990 to 2000 and 7.11% from 2000 to 2010. However, there was a slight gain of 2.34% in forest cover from 2010 to 2020. The net change of forest to non-forest was 195.17 km2in the last forty years. The forest transition map shows a declining trend of forest remained forest till 2010 and a slight increase after that. There was a considerable decline in the forest to non-forest (11.94% to 3.50%) from 2000–2010 to 2010–2020. Further, a perceptible gain was also observed in the non-forest to the forest during the last four decades. The overlay analysis of forest cover maps show an area of 460.76 km2(28.89%) as forest (unchanged), 764.21 km2(47.91%) as non-forest (unchanged), 282.67 km2(17.72%) as deforestation and 87.50 km2(5.48%) as afforestation. The study found hotspots of deforestation in the closest areas of National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, and Reserved Forests due to encroachments for human habitation, agriculture, and timber/fuelwood extractions. Therefore, the study suggests an early declaration of these protected areas as Eco-Sensitive Zone to control the increasing trends of deforestation.
Prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Park Ki-Sun , Choi Yangsean , Kim Jiwoong , Ahn Kook-Jin , Kim Bum-soo , Lee Youn Soo , Sun Dong-Il , Kim Min-Sik
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of MRI-measured tumor thickness (MRI-TT) in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This single-center retrospective cohort study included 133 pathologically confirmed tongue SCC patients between January 2009 and October 2019. MRI measurements of tongue SCC were based on axial and coronal T2-weighted (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1WI) images. Two radiologists independently measured MRI-TT. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for inter-rater agreements. Spearman’s rank correlation between MRI-TT and pathologic depth of invasion (pDOI) was assessed. Cox proportional hazards analyses on recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed for MRI-TT and pDOI. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted with log-rank tests. The intra- and inter-rater agreements of MRI-TT were excellent (ICC: 0.829–0.897, all P < 0.001). The correlation between MRI-TT and pDOI was good (Spearman’s correlation coefficients: 0.72–0.76, P < 0.001). MRI-TT were significantly greater than pDOI in all axial and coronal T2WI and CE-T1WI (P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, MRI-TT measured on axial CE-T1WI yielded a significant prognostic value for OS (hazards ratio 2.77; P = 0.034). MRI-TT demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-rater agreements as well as high correlation with pDOI. MRI-TT may serve as a prognostic predictor in patients with tongue SCC.
Computational optimization for the deposition of bioconvection thin Oldroyd-B nanofluid with entropy generation
Authors: Usman Auwalu Hamisu , Khan Noor Saeed , Humphries Usa Wannasingha , Ullah Zafar , Shah Qayyum , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat , Khan Waris , Kaewkhao Attapol , Bhaumik Amyia
Published: June 2021

The behavior of an Oldroyd-B nanoliquid film sprayed on a stretching cylinder is investigated. The system also contains gyrotactic microorganisms with heat and mass transfer flow. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations and subsequently are solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique namely homotopy analysis method (HAM). The roles of all dimensionless profiles and spray rate have been investigated. Velocity decreases with the magnetic field strength and Oldroyd-B nanofluid parameter. Temperature is increased with increasing the Brownian motion parameter while it is decreased with the increasing values of Prandtl and Reynolds numbers. Nanoparticle’s concentration is enhanced with the higher values of Reynolds number and activation energy parameter. Gyrotactic microorganism density increases with bioconvection Rayleigh number while it decreases with Peclet number. The film size naturally increases with the spray rate in a nonlinear way. A close agreement is achieved by comparing the present results with the published results.
Influence of the length of the first and second metatarsal bone measured distal from Maestro line upon severity of hallux valgus deformity
Authors: Sovilj Mirko , Baljozović Andreja , Baščarević Zoran
Published: June 2021

To examine the influence of the configuration of the first and second metatarsal (MT) bones on the development of hallux valgus deformity. To determine the extent to which the difference in the lengths of the first and second MT bones, measured distal to the Maestro line, contribute to the severity of the hallux valgus (HV) deformity defined by the size of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and inter-metatarsal angle (IMA). On a sample of 319 feet with HV deformity the difference of measured lengths R = d (I MT) − d (II MT) was calculated The influence of differences (R) on the values of IMA and HVA as well as on the severity of deformities according to the formed groups was investigated. The influence of age on the development of deformities was examined separately as well as in conjunction with the determined difference in lengths. In 203 feet or 63.7%, a shorter MT bone was measured, while in 80 feet or 25.1% the first MT bone was longer than second ones and only in 36 feet or 11.3% there is no difference in the length of the 1st and 2ndMT bones distal to the Maestro line. A statistically significant correlation was found between the difference between the measured lengths of 1st and 2nd MT bones and IMA, while this correlation with HVA was not statistically significant. There is no statistically significant correlation or the effect of the difference in measured lengths (R) on the severity of hallux valgus deformity classified into three groups. A statistically significant correlation and impact of the age on the intensity of the deformity are established. A shorter 1st MT bone in correlation to the 2nd MT bone is accompanied by an increase in IMA and this correlation and impact are statistically significant. It was not established that there was a statistically significant influence of the length of the first and second metatarsal bone measured distal from Maestro line upon the values of HVA and severity of HV deformity. Age significantly contributes to the severity of the deformity.
Potential and challenges of specifically isolating extracellular vesicles from heterogeneous populations
Authors: Allelein Susann , Medina-Perez Paula , Lopes Ana Leonor Heitor , Rau Sabrina , Hause Gerd , Kölsch Andreas , Kuhlmeier Dirk
Published: June 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest due to their ability to provide diagnostic information from liquid biopsies. Cells constantly release vesicles divers in size, content and features depending on the biogenesis, origin and function. This heterogeneity adds a layer of complexity when attempting to isolate and characterize EVs resulting in various protocols. Their high abundance in all bodily fluids and their stable source of origin dependent biomarkers make EVs a powerful tool in biomarker discovery and diagnostics. However, applications are limited by the quality of samples definition. Here, we compared frequently used isolation techniques: ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. Then, we aimed for a tissue-specific isolation of prostate-derived EVs from cell culture supernatants with immunomagnetic beads. Quality and quantity of EVs were confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blot and electron microscopy. Additionally, a spotted antibody microarray was developed to characterize EV sub-populations. Current analysis of 16 samples on one microarray for 6 different EV surface markers in triplicate could be easily extended allowing a faster and more economical method to characterize samples.
Cyclic drying and wetting tests on combined remediation of chromium-contaminated soil by calcium polysulfide, synthetic zeolite and cement
Authors: Li Xilin , Yu Xiaowan , Liu Ling , Yang Jianlin
Published: June 2021

Using calcium polysulfide as the reducing agent, synthetic zeolite as the adsorbent, and cement as the curing agent, the dual-index orthogonal test method was used to determine the best remediation dosage of chromium-contaminated soil. On this basis, through the dry–wet cycle test, the durability of the chromium-contaminated soil after repair is analyzed from the perspectives of unconfined compressive strength, toxic leaching concentration, quality loss, and microscopic characterization. Test results showed that the optimal ratio for the joint repair of chromium-contaminated soil was 3 times the amount of CaS5, 15% synthetic zeolite, and 20% cement. With the increase in the number of wet–dry cycles, the unconfined compressive strength of the composite preparation combined to repair chromium-contaminated soil was first increased and then reduced, and the concentration of Cr(VI) and total chromium in the leachate was first decreased and then increased. The higher the chromium content of the contaminated soil was, the lower the unconfined compressive strength, and the higher the leaching concentration of Cr(VI) and total chromium were. With the increase in cycle times, the cumulative mass-loss rate of composite preparations for repairing chromium-contaminated soil gradually increased, and the higher the chromium content was, the higher the cumulative mass-loss rate, which was less than 2%, reflecting the combination of composite preparations for repairing chromium-contaminated soil to have good durability. Microscopic and macroscopic results are consistent with each other.
Identification of gastric cancer subtypes based on pathway clustering
Authors: Li Lin , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: June 2021

Gastric cancer (GC) is highly heterogeneous in the stromal and immune microenvironment, genome instability (GI), and oncogenic signatures. However, a classification of GC by combining these features remains lacking. Using the consensus clustering algorithm, we clustered GCs based on the activities of 15 pathways associated with immune, DNA repair, oncogenic, and stromal signatures in three GC datasets. We identified three GC subtypes: immunity-deprived (ImD), stroma-enriched (StE), and immunity-enriched (ImE). ImD showed low immune infiltration, high DNA damage repair activity, high tumor aneuploidy level, high intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), and frequentTP53mutations. StE displayed high stromal signatures, low DNA damage repair activity, genomic stability, low ITH, and poor prognosis. ImE had strong immune infiltration, high DNA damage repair activity, high tumor mutation burden, prevalence of microsatellite instability, frequentARID1Amutations, elevatedPD-L1expression, and favorable prognosis. Based on the expression levels of four genes (TAP2,SERPINB5,LTBP1, andLAMC1) in immune, DNA repair, oncogenic, and stromal pathways, we developed a prognostic model (IDOScore). The IDOScore was an adverse prognostic factor and correlated inversely with immunotherapy response in cancer. Our identification of new GC subtypes provides novel insights into tumor biology and has potential clinical implications for the management of GCs.
Low-frequency vibrational modes in G-quadruplexes reveal the mechanical properties of nucleic acids
Authors: González-Jiménez Mario , Ramakrishnan Gopakumar , Tukachev Nikita V. , Senn Hans M. , Wynne Klaas
Published: June 2021

Low-frequency vibrations play an essential role in biomolecular processes involving DNA such as gene expression, charge transfer, drug intercalation, and DNA–protein recognition.
An engineered biosynthetic–synthetic platform for production of halogenated indolmycin antibiotics
Authors: Hoffarth Elesha R. , Kong Sunnie , He Hai-Yan , Ryan Katherine S.
Published: June 2021

A semi-synthetic system for producing indolmycin, an antibiotic, was developed and used to make indole-substituted, halogenated derivatives of indolmycin, some with modest bioactivity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Electricity-free chemical heater for isothermal nucleic acid amplification with applications in COVID-19 home testing
Authors: Li Rui Jie , Mauk Michael G. , Seok Youngung , Bau Haim H.
Published: June 2021

Electricty-free incubation of isothermal enzymatic amplification with a composite comprised of exothermic reactants for heat generation and phase change material for temperature regulation.
A new metric for relating macroscopic chromatograms to microscopic surface dynamics: the distribution function ratio (DFR)
Authors: Bishop Logan D. C. , Misiura Anastasiia , Landes Christy F.
Published: June 2021

The Distribution Function Ratio uses a single, macroscopic chromatogram to assess surface dynamics usually quantified using complex microscopy experiments.
A ratiometric electrochemical sensor for selectively monitoring monoamine oxidase A in the live brain
Authors: Zhang Chuanping , Tang Chenxiao , Mei Yuxiao , Zhang Limin , Zhu Anwei , Tian Yang
Published: June 2021

An electrochemical method for selectively sensing and accurately quantifying monoamine oxidase A in live mouse brains was reported.
Synergistic catalysis: cobalt-catalyzed cascade reaction for the oxidative cleavage of olefins to access esters
Authors: Yu Xiangzhu , Zhao Zhengjia , Tan Shangzhi , Zhu Lina , Fu Weiru , An Yue , Wang Lianyue
Published: June 2021

Heterogeneous synergistic catalysis by cobalt-based catalyst has promoted efficient tandem reaction for the oxidative cleavage of olefins to access esters.
Preparation of silicate nanosheets by delaminating RUB-18 for transparent, proton conducting membranes
Authors: Awaya Keisuke , Sekiguchi Kazutoshi , Kitagawa Hirotake , Yamada Shuhei , Ida Shintaro
Published: June 2021

Simple delamination of the hydrous layered silicate RUB-18 without any organo-modification was demonstrated to obtain monolayer silicate nanosheets.
Palladium-catalyzed stereoselective domino arylation–acylation: an entry to chiral tetrahydrofluorenone scaffolds
Authors: Dunås Petter , Paterson Andrew J. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Rahm Martin , Lewis Simon E. , Kann Nina
Published: June 2021

A domino reaction catalyzed by palladium gives access to tetrahydrofluorenone scaffolds with full regio- and stereoselectivity in a single step, where the precursor dienes originate from naturally occurring benzoic acid.
First-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of CO oxidation on catalytic Au(110) and Ag(110) surfaces
Authors: Fajín Jose L. C. , Moura Ana S. , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S.
Published: June 2021

CO oxidation by molecular and atomic oxygen on silver–gold microfacets (red spheres stand for oxygen atoms, while black spheres stand for carbon).
Possible effects of fluxionality of a cavitand on its catalytic activity through confinement
Authors: Pal Ranita , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar
Published: June 2021

Atomic clusters and cavitands facilitate important chemical phenomena like hydrogen storage, catalysis, bond activation, etc. Additional fluxional behaviour along with the effects of confinement may exhibit dramatic changes in the reactions within.
The design of responsive luminescent lanthanide probes and sensors
Authors: Parker David , Fradgley Jack D. , Wong Ka-Leung
Published: June 2021

The design principles that guide the creation of responsive lanthanide luminescent probes are defined, classified and exemplified.
Molecular engineering for optical properties of 5-substituted-1,10-phenanthroline-based Ru(ii) complexes
Authors: Rousset Elodie , Mongin Olivier , Moreau Juliette , Lawson-Daku Latévi Max , Beley Marc , Gros Philippe C. , Chevreux Sylviane , Blanchard-Desce Mireille , Lemercier Gilles
Published: June 2021

Fine tuning of the electronic properties of a series of homo- and heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes.
Hybrid MoS2/PEDOT:PSS transporting layers for interface engineering of nanoplatelet-based light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sorrentino Roberto , Worsely Robyn , Lagonegro Paola , Martella Christian , Alieva Adriana , Scavia Guido , Galeotti Francesco , Pasini Mariacecilia , Dubertret Benoit , Brovelli Sergio , Molle Alessandro , Casiraghi Cinzia , Giovanella Umberto
Published: June 2021

The incorporation of MoS2 nanosheets in well-known PEDOT:PSS water solution, and used as a hole transporting layer in nanocrystal light-emitting diodes, works as a performance booster in unpackaged devices under ambient conditions.
Bis(β-diketone)-based metallacycles with haloalkane-induced fluorescence enhancement
Authors: Yan Ming-Jie , Liu Tian-Fu , Huang Sheng-Li , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: June 2021

A series of metallarectangles were synthesized with a very rare phenomenon of haloalkane-induced fluorescence enhancement.
Progressive bovine sperm separation using parallelized microchamber-based microfluidics
Authors: Yaghoobi Mohammad , Azizi Morteza , Mokhtare Amir , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: June 2021

Circular microchambers trap debris, immotile and nonprogressive sperm and allow high quality progressively motile sperm to be collected in a short period of time.
Three-dimensional imaging on a chip using optofluidics light-sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Vargas-Ordaz Erick J. , Gorelick Sergey , York Harrison M. , Liu Bonan , Halls Michelle L. , Arumugam Senthil , Neild Adrian , de Marco Alex , Cadarso Victor J.
Published: June 2021

A novel optofluidic system allows fast 3D imaging of live suspended cells through a sub-μm thick light-sheet formed in PDMS. We demonstrate imaging rates of 120 ms per cell at sub-μm resolution that allow extraction of complex cellular phenotypes.
A plug-and-play modular microcapillary platform for the generation of multicompartmental double emulsions using glass or fluorocarbon capillaries
Authors: Farley Sean , Ramsay Kaitlyn , Elvira Katherine S.
Published: June 2021

Flexible resin junction boxes to form plug-and-play microcapillary platforms to create multicompartmental double emulsions.
Tuning the electronic and nonlinear optical properties of black phosphorus quantum dots by introducing electron-donating/withdrawing molecules (TTF/TCNQ)
Authors: Hou Na , Feng Ran , Fang Xiao-Hui , Du Fang-Yue , Wu Hai-Shun
Published: June 2021

Black phosphorous quantum dots can exhibit excellent nonlinear optical properties after adsorbing organic molecules (TTF and TCNQ).
Solution processable in situ passivated silicon nanowires
Authors: Yan Jun , Ge Kunpeng , Li Han , Yang Xueliang , Chen Jingwei , Wan Lu , Guo Jianxin , Li Feng , Xu Ying , Song Dengyuan , Flavel Benjamin S. , Chen Jianhui
Published: June 2021

The 1D confinement of silicon in the form of a nanowire revives its newness with the emergence of new optical and electronic properties.
Interface engineering of moisture-induced ionic albumen dielectric layers through self-crosslinking of cysteine amino acids for low voltage, high-performance organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Mandal Suman , Mandal Ajoy , Verma Shiv Prakash , Goswami Dipak K.
Published: June 2021

We have demonstrated how a systematic interface engineering of OFETs can be used to reduce operating voltage to 1.5 V and increase transconductance to 11.68 mS. The results reported in this work not only fundamentally interesting but also technologically relevant.
Utilization of ortho-alkynylarylcarbonyl derivatives for creating structurally diverse chemical compounds
Authors: Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Tummatorn Jumreang , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: June 2021

ortho-Alkynylarylcarbonyl derivatives, due to their unique chemical reactivity, have been employed in widely divergent synthesis for the creation of cyclic and heterocyclic small-molecule libraries.
Synthesis of biologically active fused 1,4-oxathiin derivatives from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins, arylacetylenes and dimethyl sulfoxide by Cu(i)-catalyzed C–H functionalization and cross-dehydrogenative C–S coupling reactions
Authors: Mondal Santa , Yashmin Sabina , Ali Rashid , Soundaram R , Ghosh Siddhartha S. , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: June 2021

Novel synthesis of fused 1,4-oxathiin derivatives is reported via a pseudo-three component reaction, where DMSO acts as an oxygen donor and a solvent, and some of them exhibited anti-cancer activities.
Organic–inorganic nanohybrids based on an AIE luminogen-functional polymer and CdTe/ZnS QDs: morphologies, optical properties, and applications
Authors: Shi Bingfeng , Lü Jianhua , Liu Ying , Xiao Yang , Lü Changli
Published: June 2021

Dual-emissive organic–inorganic nanohybrid self-assemblies were constructed by binding red-emitting CdTe/ZnS QDs to blue-emitting AIE-active polymeric micelles in water as a fluorescent probe for PA with interesting assembly behaviour.
Side-chain functionalized supramolecular helical brush copolymers
Authors: Deng Ru , Wang Chengyuan , Milton Margarita , Tang Danni , Hollingsworth Andrew D. , Weck Marcus
Published: June 2021

The construction of a supramolecular brush copolymer featuring a helical backbone is described. The pendant chains are grafted onto the backbone through metal coordination.
Thermodynamics of ion binding and occupancy in potassium channels
Authors: Jing Zhifeng , Rackers Joshua A. , Pratt Lawrence R. , Liu Chengwen , Rempe Susan B. , Ren Pengyu
Published: June 2021

Polarization shapes the energy landscape of ion conduction in potassium channels.
Dynamics in supramolecular nanomaterials
Authors: Cho Yukio , Christoff-Tempesta Ty , Kaser Samuel J. , Ortony Julia H.
Published: June 2021

Properties of supramolecular nanostructures are mediated by conformational, exchange, and water dynamics. Here we review experimental methods and recent reports of dynamics characterization of small molecule nanomaterials.
The role of the microbiome in gastrointestinal inflammation
Authors: Sanders David J. , Inniss Saskia , Sebepos-Rogers Gregory , Rahman Farooq Z. , Smith Andrew M.
Published: June 2021

The microbiome plays an important role in maintaining human health. Despite multiple factors being attributed to the shaping of the human microbiome, extrinsic factors such diet and use of medications including antibiotics appear to dominate. Mucosal surfaces, particularly in the gut, are highly adapted to be able to tolerate a large population of microorganisms whilst still being able to produce a rapid and effective immune response against infection. The intestinal microbiome is not functionally independent from the host mucosa and can, through presentation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and generation of microbe-derived metabolites, fundamentally influence mucosal barrier integrity and modulate host immunity. In a healthy gut there is an abundance of beneficial bacteria that help to preserve intestinal homoeostasis, promote protective immune responses, and limit excessive inflammation. The importance of the microbiome is further highlighted during dysbiosis where a loss of this finely balanced microbial population can lead to mucosal barrier dysfunction, aberrant immune responses, and chronic inflammation that increases the risk of disease development. Improvements in our understanding of the microbiome are providing opportunities to harness members of a healthy microbiota to help reverse dysbiosis, reduce inflammation, and ultimately prevent disease progression.
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated therapeutics for diabetic cardiomyopathy – current and future perspectives
Authors: Prakoso Darnel , Tate Mitchel , Blasio Miles J. De , Ritchie Rebecca H.
Published: June 2021

Diabetes increases the prevalence of heart failure by 6–8-fold, independent of other comorbidities such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, a phenomenon termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Several key signalling pathways have been identified that drive the pathological changes associated with diabetes-induced heart failure. This has led to the development of multiple pharmacological agents that are currently available for clinical use. While fairly effective at delaying disease progression, these treatments do not reverse the cardiac damage associated with diabetes. One potential alternative avenue for targeting diabetes-induced heart failure is the use of adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene therapy, which has shown great versatility in a multitude of disease settings. AAV gene therapy has the potential to target specific cells or tissues, has a low host immune response and has the possibility to represent a lifelong cure, not possible with current conventional pharmacotherapies. In this review, we will assess the therapeutic potential of AAV gene therapy as a treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Azimuth apodization for autoregressive synthetic‐aperture radar imaging
Authors: Zhang Guo , Jing Maoqiang
Published: June 2021

Autoregressive backprojection (ARBP) approximates the procedure of forming synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) sequential images as an autoregressive (AR) process, avoiding redundant computation between adjacent images. Azimuth apodization for ARBP entails designing the aforementioned AR process, including AR order selection and AR model parameter estimation. However, the conventional azimuth apodization method for ARBP provides only empirical means to conduct such a procedure. Moreover, it cannot address the ringing effect from the infinite impulse response of the AR model, and consequently, other unwanted azimuth pulses will degrade the SAR images. This study discusses azimuth apodization for ARBP and proposes a scheme that includes methods for AR model order selection and parameter estimation. Firstly, matrix rank‐k approximation is adopted for AR model order selection. Then, a revised azimuth apodization procedure for parameter estimation is discussed. It introduces a penalty factor to render the ringing effect and model estimation error controllable. Moreover, experiments based on an open data set validate the proposed ARBP azimuth apodization scheme. In this way, the proposed azimuth apodization obtains a balance between computational complexity and imaging quality for ARBP.
Reanalysis dataset-based hydrologic predictions for ungauged basins
Authors: Ghebrehiwot Anghesom , Kozlov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

In the present study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is employed to simulate streamflows from watershed with a semi-arid climate, using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) as forcing data input. To this end, two streamflow simulation scenarios, with and without readjustment of the reanalysis datasets, were investigated depending on available ground information. The findings indicate that the performance of the model is slightly improved when the former scenario, with readjustment of precipitation, is considered. Despite improvement in the overall model prediction, uncertainties during calibration and validation partially remained far less than the permissible limits. The reason seems to be associated with the mismatch between in-situ data and reanalysis datasets with respect to time and space. Irrespective of the sources of prediction uncertainties, the use of readjusted reanalysis datasets are deemed to be the best option for streamflow simulations in poorly gauged or ungauged watersheds. However, to underpin the findings with supportive and sound evidence, further investigation on the reanalysis datasets for hydrological predictions from similar regions with sufficient and reliable ground information becomes imminent. The study also underscores the need for undertaking pre-emptive measures to reverse the quantitative decline of hydrometric networks and existing management practices in the region.
Underground main pipeline behaviour under a travelling impulse in the form of a triangle
Authors: Rakhmankulova Barna , Mirzaev Sayibdjan , Khusainov Rakhmatjon , Khusainov Saparboy
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of the dynamic response of an underground main pipeline under the action of a longitudinal wave, propagating in soil along the pipe. It is assumed that the elastic pipe has a finite length. A linear viscoelastic model of the "pipe-soil" system interaction is considered. The influence of a pulse in the form of a triangle on the deformed state of an underground main pipeline is investigated. The article presents a comparative analysis of the results obtained for some values of the coefficients of elastic and viscous interaction, the propagation velocity, and the duration of the pulse. In the case of elastic interaction of the "pipe-soil" system, the reflection of the wave propagating in the underground pipeline on the boundaries of the pipeline when it coincides with the wave propagating in the soil leads to an increase in the maximum deformation of the underground pipeline, the value of deformation can double. The viscosity coefficient of interaction at the pipe-soil system contact leads to the wave front attenuation in the underground pipeline. For soils with the coefficient of viscous interaction higher than 100 kN∙s/m2, this leads to complete attenuation of the bursts at the wave front in the pipeline. The influence of the wave propagation in soil on the deformation values at the wave front was also studied.
Flow Simulation in a combined Region
Authors: Dalabaev Umurdin
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the flow in a complex area. The composition of this region consists of a porous medium through the pores of which the liquid moves and a zone without a porous framework (free zone). The flow is modeled using an interpenetrating heterogeneous model. In the one-dimensional case, an analytical solution is obtained. This solution is compared with the solution learned by the move node method. An analysis is made with experimental data with a Brinkman layer. A numerical solution of a two-dimensional problem is also obtained.
Modeling of the roller pressing of fibrous materials
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Bakhadirov Gayrat , Buriev Eshmurod , Abduxalikova Dildora
Published: June 2021

The work is devoted to modeling the regularities of hydraulic pressure distribution and fluid removal from the fibrous material in the contact zone. It was found that the hydraulic pressure in the compression zone increases from zero at the initial point of contact to a maximum at the point of maximum compression of the fibrous material. The patterns of distribution of hydraulic pressure in the recovery zone depend on the length of the section, where the fluid moves from the layer of material to the elastic coatings. It was revealed that the amount of liquid removed at the beginning of the compression zone grows faster, then the growth rate is much lower, and at the end of the compression zone, the removed liquid is stabilized. The patterns of change in the removed fluid in the recovery zone depend on the angle, which determines the position of the point where the fluid changes direction.
Nonlinear mathematical model and numerical algorithm for monitoring and predicting the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere
Authors: Shafiev Tursun , Shadmanova Gulchera , Karimova Khabiba , Muradov Farrukh
Published: June 2021

The article developed a nonlinear mathematical model and an effective numerical algorithm for monitoring and forecasting the process of spreading industrial emissions in the atmosphere, taking into account the orography of the area and the speed of movement of fine substances. Multidimensional partial differential equations describe the model with corresponding initial, internal, and boundary conditions of the third kind to consider mass transfer across the interface. In the work, to prove the adequacy of the developed mathematical apparatus, the calculated data are compared with field data taken from a specific object, in which the computational algorithm provides sufficient accuracy of the solution, based on which it can be concluded that the developed mathematical model and the numerical algorithm have a certain advantage over others numerical methods.
Adsorption properties of benzene vapors on activated carbon from coke and asphalt
Authors: Khudayberganova Nagima , Rizaev Abdumalik , Abduraxmonov Eldor
Published: June 2021

The industry produces a variety of wastes in production processes. This has a negative impact on the state of ecological balance. Today, in the oil industry, many different types of oil waste are accumulated as reserves. Focusing them on targeted production is one of the most pressing issues today. The use of a high-vacuum adsorption device is important in producing adsorbents from coke and asphalt from residual oil products and in the complete determination of the sorption properties of the obtained adsorbents. Benzene and toluene adsorption isotherms, the sorption volume, and properties of the new adsorbent can be described in detail by studying the adsorption heat.
Study of the properties of sulfonic cation exchanger
Authors: Nuriddinova Dilfuza , Yusupov Farkhod , Xursandov Bobomurod
Published: June 2021

In this research work, we have firstly synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger based on local raw materials. It was firstly created syntheses methodology of the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger and determined syntheses reaction parameters. It was first investigated that thermodynamics of synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger: kinetics, sorption isotherms, change of thermodynamics function (Gibbs energy, Entropy, and Entalpy). DFT calculation of synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger: energy difference between LUMO and HOMO molecular orbitals, Chemical Hardness (η), Electronegativity (χ), Electronic chemical potential (μ), Global electrophilicity Index (ω) and Chemical Softness (s) were firstly computed. We have used thermodynamic methods in doing thermodynamics research. The Frontier molecular orbital method was used on doing DFT calculation by 6-311G (d,p) basis set. These firstly synthesized the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger based on local raw materials is very cheap and effective; it will be used in the chemical industry for softening or cleaning waste water from Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions and different heavy ions. Electrochemical impedance measurements show that the quasi-substitution process has become between Mg+2 and Ca+2 ions and Na+ on the sulfonated polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger in the result of which growth of charge transfer and dielectric constant of mediums. Investigating thermodynamic parameters of this compound will be used for some purposes: a deep understanding of the thermodynamics of sorption processes and using determined thermodynamics in real production processes of water softened materials. DFT calculation investigating gives a deep understanding of how thermodynamics properties can depend on the molecular structure of water softened polymer materials.
Vibrations of Cylindrical Shell Structures Filled With Layered Viscoelastic Material
Authors: Safarov Ismoil , Теshaev Мuhsin , Marasulov Abdurakhim , Jurayev Tokhir , Raxmonov Bahodir
Published: June 2021

A thin-walled shell and a thick-walled mass (cylinder) in contact with it, made of a different material, are structural elements of many machines, apparatus, and structures. The paper considers forced steady-state vibrations of cylindrical shell structures filled with a layered viscoelastic material. The study aims to determine the damping properties of vibrations of a structurally inhomogeneous cylindrical mechanical system under the influence of harmonic loads. The dynamic stress-strain state of a three-layer cylindrical shell filled with a viscoelastic material under the action of internal time-harmonic pressure is investigated. The oscillatory processes of the filler and the bonded shell satisfy the Lamé equations. At the contact between the shell and the filler, the rigid contact conditions are satisfied. Dependences between stresses and strains for a linear viscoelastic material are presented in the form of the Boltzmann-Voltaire integral. The method of separation of variables, the method of the theory of potential functions (special functions), and the Gauss method are used to solve this problem. Based on the analysis of the numerical results, it was found that the dependence of the resonant amplitude of the shell displacements on the viscous properties of the filler is 12-15%. Analysis of the results obtained shows that the study of vibrations of shells containing fillers according to the rod theory will lead to rather large erroneous results (up to 20%).
Investigation of the use of new solar air heaters for drying agricultural products
Authors: Abdukarimov Bekzod , O'tbosarov Shuhratjon , Abdurazakov Axmadullo
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the study of energy-saving technologies that have become a topical issue today. Types of solar heating collectors, the principles of operation, and their constructive structure were studied. A new technology developed based on the analyses proposed to dry the agricultural products. Also, in the current presentation, the technologies used in the context of the technologies and the reduction issues and technologies have been considered. Experimental experiments are also provided based on the proposed technology in seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In the study case, the operation principle of the operation of a flat surface air heater is studied. The article provides the basics of twice the shortening of air canals to a common full-length sunny air heater. The study learned the issues of reducing the local resistance ratio of the device concerning a common full-wide air heater. Raise the temperature of the sun's agents discussed in the article; reduction issues are analyzed.
Multi-step concept of the process of building a macromode
Authors: Yakubov Maksadkhan , Shadmanova Gulchera , Karimova Khabiba , Khujakulov Toshtemir
Published: June 2021

Building a macro and micro model of a multistage process is considered using the decomposition method, dividing the general technological system into interconnected control loops. A procedure for constructing an integrated macro model of a multistage process using a system of material balance equations for each control loop, a two-level mathematical model of a complex multistage system, developing principles for modeling and systematizing element models, the degree of aggregation, in general, controlling the technological properties of a material resource, calculating the schemes is reduced to solving a system of algebraic equations, modern technological scheme processing of a material resource, the procedure for constructing an integrated macro model multistage process (SME). A modern technological scheme for processing material resources cannot be carried out without returning circulating products when the product from subsequent nodes is sent for revision to the head of the technological scheme. The procedure for constructing an integrated macro model of SME s at two stages is considered. The task is to find the optimal solutions to the original mathematical model by interconnecting conditionally - optimal solutions of individual models. A comparison of various formal decomposition methods is performed according to previously determined criteria, and on this basis, the most preferable is chosen. When modeling multidimensional systems, one has to operate with various factors that have different units of measurement. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the dimensionless mathematical model since it is easily analyzed. The use of the latest mathematical modeling tools and modern methods of the flexible equation mainly determines the prospects of such studies.
Mathematical modeling and forecasting of seasonal characteristics of tourist flow
Authors: Rakhmanov Sherkul , Habibullaev Ibrohim , Jumaev Akbar , Turgunov Tolib
Published: June 2021

The article describes the flow of tourists to the Republic of Uzbekistan and the methods of analysis and forecasting based on econometric modeling of the development of the process based on its seasonal characteristics. Econometric modeling methods developed by foreign and local scientists were analyzed and divided into groups to analyze the process of changing the flow of tourists and predict the future number. Among them, the additive model in the group of time series reflecting the seasonality of tourist flow was found to meet the conditions. Based on the data obtained in the quarters for 2014-2018, the values of the trend (T), seasonal (S), and random (E) components of the time series were calculated step by step, and an additive model of the process was developed. Based on the developed model, the forecast values of tourist flow for the next quarter were determined, and the deviation from the actual value of the theoretical result was 20%, and the occurrence of this deviation was clarified. Forecasts of changes in the statistics of the tourism sector have been developed. The article describes the methods of analysis and forecasting of tourist flows and seasonality of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on econometric modeling.
Study of the seismodynamics of spatially located underground pipelines with a nodal connection of non-orthogonal configuration
Authors: Mirzaev Ibrakhim , Kishanov Ruslan , Mansurova Nodirakhon , Nishonov Nematilla , Berdibaev Mars
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the seismodynamics of underground pipelines of various configurations under spatial seismic influences. The stress-strain state of spatially located underground pipelines of complex orthogonal configuration at different angles of seismic load incidence was determined. Several problems were solved by analyzing numerical results of the seismodynamics of underground pipelines of complex orthogonal and non-orthogonal configurations.
Research of porosity of a cement stone with a zeolite containing filler and a superplastic stificator
Authors: Adilkhodjaev Anvar , Kadyrov Ilkhom , Rasulmukhamedov Мakhamadaziz
Published: June 2021

This research paper discusses the influence of the zeolite-containing filler of the Beltau deposit and the polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the formation of the porosity of the cement stone. The results of experiments to establish the effect of zeolite-containing filler and plasticizing additive on pore size distribution are graphically presented. The data obtained confirm the feasibility of using this type of filler in concrete.