bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Freezing-Thawing Route Number on Magnetic Properties and Nanostructural of Fe3O4/ Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Magnetic Hydrogel
Authors: Sunaryono Sunaryono , Kholifah Mimin Nurul , Taufiq Ahmad , Handoko Erfan
Published: August 2019

Fe3O4/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) hydrogel magnetic was successfully synthesized by using the freezing-thawing process. Meanwhile, the filler of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was successfully fabricated by co-precipitation method. Magnetic hydrogel and Fe3O4 was revealed by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to investigate the content of elements in the Fe3O4 filler, the functional group network of samples, magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogel and Fe3O4, and nanostructure of magnetic hydrogel, respectively. The magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogel decreased as the decrease in the particle sizes of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. On the other hand, the saturation magnetization of magnetic hydrogel decreased as the freezing-thawing route increased in number. This condition can be concluded that the distribution of the Fe3O4 filler in CMC/PVA magnetic hydrogel was more effective when the route number of freezing-thawing reached the maximum process (7x processes). Moreover, the nanostructure of magnetic hydrogel revealed the composition of the crystalline phase of CMC/PVA hydrogel of approximately 6 nm. By these characteristics, Fe3O4/CMC/PVA magnetic hydrogel is potential to be used as smart gel such as artificial muscle, switch-of, and the others.
The Effects of Layer Thickness of Radar Absorbing Materials Prepared by Double Layer Method on X-Band Wavelength Frequency
Authors: Zainuri Mochammad , Puspitasari Rahma Fitri , Ristiani Deril , Triwikantoro Triwikantoro
Published: August 2019

Double layer coating with variations in layer thickness on radar absorbent material (RAM), and Polyaniline dobed by DBSA as a dielectric material has been successfully synthesized. As well as Barium M-Hexaferrite doped by Zn2+ at x=0.9 as magnetic material successfully synthesized. Polyaniline has been synthesized by polymerization method and Barium M-Hexaferrite has been synthesized by solid state method. Characterization results obtained the conductivity of Polyaniline and Barium M-Hexaferrite respectively 4.4 × 10-1 S/m and 2.09 × 10-3 S/m, both of which are in range of semiconductor materials conductivity. The presence of Zn2+ doping successfully reduced hard magnetic properties of Barium M-Hexaferrite to be soft magnetic, with coercivity field (Hc) equals 0.0181 Tesla. Based on research that has been done, represent that double layer design with variations PANi : PANi + BaM (3:1) has maximum reflection loss value about -29,6003 dB, and 96.69% of energy absorbed. Whereas in variation of PANi: PANi + BaM (3: 1) has minimum reflection loss value about -15.2937 dB, and 82.21% of energy absorbed. In addition, the coating thickness variations also affect the absorption band width, with the most effective absorption peaks in “D” variation with bandwidth equals 1.81 GHz in range of frequency 8 to 9.81 GHz.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nd2Fe14B Powder Prepared by Using Milling and Heat Treatment
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan , Sardjono Priyo , Muljadi Muljadi , Setiabudidaya Dedi , Gulo Fakhili
Published: August 2019

The Nd2Fe14B powder has been made by using High Energy Milling (HEM) from mixed metal powders Iron (Fe), Neodymium (Nd) and Boron (B). The Nd, Fe and B powders were mixed according stoichiometric composition (atomic ratio Nd:Fe:B = 2 : 14 : 1) and milled with milling time 40 hours by using HEM. Toluene liquid was used as milling media to protect of metal powders from oxygen. The sample after milling was heated at temperature 600, 700 and 800 °C in vacuum condition (10-3 Pa) for one hour. The measurement result of x-ray diffraction show that the Nd2Fe14B phase already formed as dominant phase and Fe-phase after milling 40 hours, with magnetic remanence (mr) = 4.10 emu/g and coercivity = 1,5 kOe. After heat treatment at temperature 700°C , the sample has magnetic remanence (mr) = 78 emu/g and coercivity (Hc)= 2,0 kOe. But sample after heat tgreatment at 800°C became soft magnet with lower mr and Hc value.
Growth of Free-Standing La2-xSrxCuO4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Winarsih Suci , Budiman Faisal , Tanaka Hirofumi , Adachi Tadashi , Goto Takayuki , Soegijono Bambang , Kurniawan Budhy , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2019

Nanosize effect on structure of crystal of free-standing La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) nanoparticles was observed to reveal size effects of La-based high-Tc superconducting oxides. Lattice parameters were estimated by changing temperature and time of sintering. It is concluded that heat treatment plays a key role in controlling size of sample and lattice distortions occurred by reducing size of particles.
Study of Electrochemical Deposition Process of Graphene Oxide on DSSC TiO2 Based Photoanode
Authors: Aprilia Annisa , Marcelina Vika , Yuliasari Fitri , Hartati Yeni Wahyuni , Fitrilawati Fitrilawati , Safriani Lusi , Siregar Rustam E.
Published: August 2019

Graphene oxide (GO) layer has been successfully deposited on to ITO/TiO2 substrate by electrochemical deposition. Deposition process of GO layers were carried out in one, three, and six cycles in the voltage range of-1.6 to 0 volt and scan rate of 50 mV/s. The variation of cycles was performed, in order to study the deposition process relates to device performances. TiO2 macro-channel (TiO2μc) also introduced in photoanode system and it required annealing treatment up to 500°C. The oxygen content in GO will be reduced by annealing treatment and the reduced-GO (rGO) layer was trapped inside of TiO2 mesoporous. The cyclic voltammetry curves of blank sample and GO deposition were also observed in order to ensure the GO deposition process was successfully done. After immersing in ruthenium dye overnight, the ITO/TiO2/rGO/TiO2-μc was sandwiched with Pt/FTO as counter electrode to configure dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) structure. The photovoltaic characteristics, morphology, and UV-Vis absorbance of each layer were investigated. A highest DSSC efficiency (η= 3.34 %) was achieved by 3-cycles of GO deposition process of photoanode with photocurrent density (Jsc) of 9.94 mA/cm2, open voltage (Voc) of 0.70 V and fill factor (FF) of 48.69% under 100 mW/cm2 of light irradiation.
μSR Study with Light Irradiation of P3HT:ZnO Nanoparticles as Active Material of Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Safriani Lusi , Risdiana Risdiana , Fitrilawati Fitrilawati , Bahtiar Ayi , Aprilia Annisa , Siregar Rustam E. , Manawan Maykel , Sari Dita Puspita , Angel Julia , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2019

Recently, hybrid solar cell that consists of a combination of organic and inorganic materials offers promise in increasing efficiency. Combination of conjugated polymer of Poly (3-hexyl thiophene)/P3HT which has the highest hole mobility with inorganic materials which has high electron mobility, good physical and chemical stability of inorganic nanocrystals, shows a better performance of hybrid solar cells. We have conducted a measurement to investigate the charge carrier transport in active material of hybrid solar cells by using muon spin relaxation (μSR) with light irradiation. A bulk sample used in this study is hybrid organic-inorganic material consisting of regio-regular P3HT and ZnO nanoparticles. Longitudinal-field μSR measurements were performed in magnetic field ranging from 0 to 395 mT at temperature of 10 K, 15 K and 25 K. Based on μSR measurement with light irradiation, we found that for those temperatures, longitudinal field dependence of λ1 was proportional with C-H0.5 curve indicating three-dimensional inter-chain diffusion. We assume that light irradiation initiates the production of exciton that increases the number of charge carrier in the sample and transports not only along the chain of polymer (one-dimensional) but also perpendicular to other chain of polymer (three-dimensional). With light irradiation, the crossover temperature from one-dimensional to three-dimensional of regio-regular P3HT and ZnO nanoparticles bulk sample was obtained at lower temperature of 10 K compared to previous result at 25 K without light irradiation.
Band Gap Optimization of Thin Film a-Si:H Bifacial Solar Cells (BFSCs) Using AFORS-HET
Authors: Hamdani Dadan , Cahyono Yoyok , Yudoyono Gatut , Darminto Darminto
Published: August 2019

Using well-practiced AFORS-HET software, thin film a-Si:H Bifacial Solar Cells (BFSCs) has been investigated and simulated. The aim of this study is to simulate performances of a-Si:H BFCs with structure of Glass/TCO/(n) a-Si:H/(i) a-Si:H/(p) a-Si:H/TCO/Glass. The results show that the optimized band gap for each layers are 2.0 eV (n-type), 1.7 eV (i-type) and 2.0 eV (p-type), respectively. The final simulation show that a significant increase VOC, JSC, FF and Eff for both side of a-Si:H BFSCs. Finally, the maximum efficiency obtained are 7.79% for the front side and 5.68% for the rear side, respectively.
Structure, Chemical Stability and Magnetic Properties of Lanthanum Silicate Oxide Apatite Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Malik Yoga Trianzar , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Akbar Nur , Hastiawan Iwan , Saragi Togar , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: August 2019

Lanthanum silicate oxides (LSOs) with modified mass target varied from 1 to 10 g were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method in a 100 mL autoclave. This research is aimed to study the structure, chemical stability, and magnetic properties of the LSO. From x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the main peaks of LSO were observed in the sample with 1, 3, 5, and 7 g mass target while the LSO pattern did not match in the sample with 10 g mass target. The samples with low mass target resulted in better crystallinity. The chemical stabilities of the sample were then tested on LSCF perovskite cathode and showed good chemical stability with no reactivity on the cathode. The magnetic properties of the sample with 5 g mass target was measured at 100 to 300 K using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The trace of Neel temperature, TN, in LSO was not signified at this range of temperature in which referring a difference of LSO magnetic properties to the SOFC perovskite cathode. The TN of LSO was predicted below 100 K. This behavior suggested that LSO has good magnetic compatibility with the perovskite cathode.
Effect of Electrical Resistance of TiO2 Layer Characteristics of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Chlorophyll as a Sensitizer
Authors: Puspitasari Nurrisma , Cahaya Nurul Yanti , Yudoyono Gatut , Prajitno Gontjang , Darminto Darminto
Published: August 2019

The third generation of solar cells found by Gratzel in 1991 was called Dye-sensitized Solar Sell (DSSC). DSSC is composed of five parts, namely transparent conductive glass as a substrat; titanium dioxide as a semiconductor materials; chlorophyll as a dye sensitizer, carbon as a catalyst which can convert energy of light into electrical energy. Characterization of DSSC will be carried out in this research covering electrical characterization using RLC meter & I-V meter, optical characterization using Spectrophotometer. TiO2 nanoparticle in in anatase phase having size of 13 nm used in this experiment was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Photoanode with thickness of 10 μm has the lowest resistance compared to the other thickness of 30 μm and 50 μm. The device applying photoanode of 10 μm shows the highest efficiency up to 0.1141 %, while those with other thicknesses respectively gives 0.0378%, and 0,0283%, revealing the efficiency becomes lower with the increasing thickness of TiO2.
Synthesis of n-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide from Coconut Shell as Supercapacitors
Authors: Khambali Imam , Ardiani Irma Septi , Kurniawan Ahmad Rizki , Triwikantoro Triwikantoro , Zainuri Mochammad , Darminto Darminto
Published: August 2019

Supercapacitors have been fabricated from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based on coconut shell. The production of rGO was started from carbonizing coconut shell at 100 – 140°C of temperature, then sieving of 200 mesh and calcinating at 400°C for 5 hours. The peaks of XRD pattern had indicated rGO phase. Supercapacitor electrodes were fabricated from two different sources of nitrogen for doping. Firstly, the electrode was fabricated from the mixing of the rGO coconut shell, HCl, glucose, FeCl3 bubbled with nitrogen gas (N2). Secondly, it was fabricated from the same starting materials; however, the nitrogen was from the ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Cyclic voltammetric characterization indicates that nitrogen atom originating from NH4OH has been more effective to be inserted in rGO for increasing the capacitance of the fabricated supercapacitors.
Bi Doping Effect on the Conductivity of Lanthanum Silicate Apatite
Authors: Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Akbar Nur , Hastiawan Iwan , Rahayu Iman , Haryono Haryono , Malik Yoga Trianzar , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: August 2019

Lanthanum silicate apatite with various concentration of Bi-doped of La10-xBixSi6O27 were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method in order to study effect of Bi-doped tp its structure and conductivity properties. It is found that main peaks of lanthanum silicate apatite were observed with amount of impurities. The value of conductivity at 500°C determining from AC impedance measurement was in the range between 1.99 × 10-6 S/cm and 2.03 × 10-6 S/cm. The highest conductivity was observed in the sample with x = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5.
Effects of the Supercell's Size on Muon Positions Calculations of La2CuO4
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Redo , Ramli Irwan , Umar Muhamad Darwis , Winarsih Suci , Sari Dita Puspita , Manaf Azwar , Kurniawan Budhy , Mohamed-Ibrahim Mohamed Ismail , Shukri Sulaiman , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2019

The outcome of the density functional theory (DFT) technique within the supercell's framework of La2CuO4 (LCO) are reported. We evaluatedlocal dipolar fields of muon's position inside LCO assuming dipolar interaction is occurred by varying the supercell's size. We found out that the field on proposed muon's trapping positions were known to be not affected so much by supercell's size and still fairly larger than the experimental data. Our results suggest that the inclusion of quantum effects of implanted muon and the electronic spin are required to explain experimental data.
Study on the Diffusion Rate of the Charge Carrier Transport in Regio-Random P3HT
Authors: Riveli Nowo , Adiperdana Budi , Safriani Lusi , Suroto Bambang Joko , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Mohammad Imran Hilman , Rahayu Iman , Manawan Maykel , Saragi Togar , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: August 2019

The hopping mechanism in the regio-random poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was investigated through study on the diffusion rate of the charge carrier transport from the data of Longitudinal Field (LF) muon-spin-relaxation measurements. Values of the parallel and perpendicular diffusion rate were calculated following the methods applied in NMR. It is found that diffusion rate along the polymer chain slowly decreases from low to high temperatures, while diffusion rate perpendicular to the polymer chain rises significantly from low to high temperatures.
μSR Spectrum Reconstruction Using Monte Carlo Approach: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Adiperdana Budi , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: August 2019

A possible method to reconstruct μSR spectra using Monte Carlo approach presented. Three issues carefully addressed for the simulations, that is automatic muon sites estimations, movement of muon due to gradient electrostatic potential and thermal fluctuation. All minima within the unit cell need to be included for more realistic theoretical μSR spectra. The optimum scale of gradient potential and thermal fluctuation needed to achieve a realistic result. Additional μSR spectra can be revealed in comparison with the simulation at lower thermal fluctuation.
Optical Spectra of Bi2Se3: The Effects of Electron-Hole Interactions
Authors: Asturo Desy Nicola , Syahroni Ahmad , Majidi Muhammad Aziz
Published: August 2019

Bi2Se3 has recently become the focus of research development due to its unique transport properties. It is a narrow band gap semiconductor with conducting states on its surface. A reliable and accurate calculation of the optical spectra including excitonic effects is very limited for this material. One of the reasons is that such calculations are computationally demanding since they require a very dense k-point sampling of the Brillouin zone. In this work, we use density functional theory as implemented in Quantum Espresso package to calculate the ground state properties of this material. Optical spectra are calculated within many-body perturbation theory by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Yambo code to account for electron-hole interaction. A double-grid method implemented in Yambo helps us to do accurate calculations of the optical spectra with inexpensive computational cost. Furthermore, we expect that in bulk semiconductor with a narrow gap, electron-electron interaction is weak due to environmental screening. For this reason, to reduce the computational efforts, in this work we neglect the electron-electron interaction.
Effects of Polarization Function on the Spin Contamination and Distribution in β'- Me4P[Pd(dmit)2]2
Authors: Ahmad Siti Nur Afifi , Shukri Sulaiman , Ang Lee Sin , Watanabe Isao
Published: August 2019

The effects of polarization function on the spin contamination and distribution in β'-Me4P[Pd(dmit)2]2 were studied using the DFT cluster method. Two basis sets, SV and SVP were considered in the calculations, where B3LYP functional was employed in the doublet state of the one-fragment and dimer clusters. The values of  before annihilation for both SV and SVP basis sets are excellent and very close to the perfect theoretical eigenvalue of 0.75. The values of the spin densities at thiolate and thione calculated using SVP were found to be smaller than the ones using SV. The difference, however, is less than eight percent. In contrast, the difference in the spin density at Pd atoms in both monomers is significantly larger for the SVP, being about 21%. The inclusion of polarization function resulted in the shifting of electron density from the sulfur atoms to the central Pd atoms. The calculated spin densities revealed the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron spin in the dimer that leads to the existence of electron-rich and electron-poor regions.
Characterization of BaM and PaNi-Based Radar Absorbency (RAM) Behavior with Multilayer Geometry Structure for X-Band Absorption
Authors: Zainuri Mochammad , Andryani Dina
Published: August 2019

Behavioral characterization of radar absorbent material consisting of Polyaniline (PaNi) and Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) has been successfully synthesized by solid state method. Polyaniline conductive material was synthesized using the polymerization method with DBSA dopant. A Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Four Point Probe (FPP), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The ion Zn 2+ is dopping into the BAM structure, where Zn 2+ ions replace Fe2+ ions in Hexaferrite barium so that the phase becomes soft magnetic materials . RAM and PANi particles are combined with ship paint to form radar wave absorbent coatings. The layer is coated with multilayer geometry on AH 36 type A steel, with thicknesses of 2.4 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.8 mm and 6 mm respectively. The X-band wave absorption was identified by VNA testing, where the maximum reflection loss value was found at 6mm thickness with a reflection loss value - 32.6 dB at 8.4 GHz frequency. Reflection loss values of multilayer variations with a thickness of 2.4 mm, 3.6mm and 4.8mm each have reflection loss values of -8.02 dB, -19.13 dB and -28.9 dB respectively in the x band frequency range.
Optical Transmission of p-Type a-Si:H Thin Film Deposited by PECVD on ITO-Coated Glass
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Baqiya Malik Anjelh , Cahyono Yoyok , Darminto Darminto
Published: August 2019

A p-type thin film of hydrogenated amporphous silicon (a-Si:H) has successfully been fabricated by radio frequency-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique. Substrate used in the deposition process is indium tin oxide (ITO) layer coated having size of 10 x10 cm2 and being cleaned with 97% alcohol using ultrasonic bath. According to Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) observation, the layer thickness of p-type a-Si: H film was 150 nm. The Transmission spectrum at room temperature obtained from UV-Vis measurement demonstrates a large period modulation, which is due to the interference within the film. At wavelength longer than 1000 nm (or energy <1 eV), the interference modulation in the transmission spectrum of the film is seen to broaden. It is shown in a zoomed - scale around the related band gap area that one may find an exciton structure.
Synthesis of Silica-Potassium-Nitrogen from Carbamide and Potassium Silicate by CO2 Precipitator
Authors: Sumada Ketut , Muljani Srie , Pujiastuti Caecilia
Published: August 2019

Potassium silicate is well known as a fertilizer and source of silica for plants growth. This study aims to infiltrate nitrogen from carbamide (urea) into potassium silicate solution to produced silica potassium nitrogen (Si-K-N) matrix by precipitation method using CO2 as precipitator. Potassium silicate in the range of 3-8% SiO2 was obtained by extracting silica from geothermal sludge using potassium hydroxide solution. Carbamide is added to the potassium silicate solution allowed by mixing and flowing of CO2 gas in reactor glass. The result of IR spectra indicated the presence of N-H groups, potassium and silica in the gel matrix produced from precipitation process while no N-H group appears in the gel matrix produced from precipitation in the absence of carbamide. X-ray fluorescence showed the composition of the product Si-K-N in the range of 40 to 50 %SiO2 and in the range of 50 to 60 %K2O.
Fabrication of Amorphous Carbon Thin Film from CH4 Using PEVCD
Authors: Priyanto Budhi , Saleh Muh , Tunmee Sarayut , Euaruksakul Chanan , Cahyono Yoyok , Triwikantoro Triwikantoro , Darminto Darminto
Published: August 2019

Thin films of amorphous carbon have successfully been fabricated by radio frequency-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). Carbon film fabrication with a methane gas (CH4) source has been fabricated with deposition parameters: 15 Watt of RF power, 13.5 MHz of frequency, 100 °C of substrate temperature, 450 m Torr of pressure and 120 minutes of deposition time. Methane gas flows were 40, 60, 80 sccm, respectively. Thin film can be in the form of DLC, Graphite or Amorphous Carbon depending on the ratio of hybridized orbitals of sp3, sp2 and sp. The X-ray diffractrometry (XRD) show the amorphous phase of the thin film has been formed. Further analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) combined with synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy (PES) showed that the sp3 hybridization was more dominant than sp2. This gives an indication that as fabricated thin films are tetrahedrally amorphous carbon (ta-C). Keywords: Amorphous carbon, methane gas, thin film.
The Interaction between NKAP and HDAC3 Is Critical for T Cell Maturation
Authors: Dash Barsha , Shapiro Michael J , Thapa Puspa , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo , Chung Ji-Young , Schwab Aaron D , McCue Shaylene A , Rajcula Matthew J , Shapiro Virginia Smith
Published: August 2019

NKAP and HDAC3 are critical for T cell maturation. NKAP and HDAC3 physically associate, and a point mutation in NKAP, NKAP(Y352A), abrogates this interaction. To evaluate the significance of NKAP and HDAC3 association in T cell maturation, transgenic mice were engineered for cre-mediated endogenous NKAP gene deletion coupled to induction of NKAP(Y352A) or a wild type (WT) control transgene, NKAP(WT), in double positive thymocytes or regulatory T cells (Tregs). T cell maturation was normal in mice with endogenous NKAP deletion coupled to NKAP(WT) induction. However, severe defects occurred in T cell and Treg maturation and in iNKT cell development when NKAP(Y352A) was induced, recapitulating NKAP deficiency. Conventional T cells expressing NKAP(Y352A) failed to enter the long-term T cell pool, did not produce cytokines, and remained complement susceptible, whereas Tregs expressing NKAP(Y352A) were eliminated as recent thymic emigrants leading to lethal autoimmunity. Overall, these results demonstrate the significance of NKAP–HDAC3 association in T cells.
Tracing Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses Using In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Malo Courtney S. , Hickman Heather D.
Published: August 2019

Scientists have long valued the power of in vivo observation to answer fundamental biological questions. Over the last 20 years, the application and evolution of intravital microscopy (IVM) has vastly increased our ability to directly visualize immune responses as they are occurring in vivo after infection or immunization. Many IVM strategies employ a strong multiphoton laser that penetrates deeply into the tissues of living, anesthetized mice, allowing the precise tracking of the movement of cells as they navigate complex tissue environments. In the realm of viral infections, IVM has been applied to better understand many critical phases of effector T cell responses, from activation in the draining lymph node, to the execution of effector functions, and finally to the development of tissue-resident memory. In this review, we discuss seminal studies incorporating IVM that have advanced our understanding of the biology of antiviral CD8+ T cells.
Comparison of renal arterial resistive index in type 2 diabetic nephropathy stage 0-4
Authors: Sanei Sistani Sharareh , Alidadi Ali , Ansari Moghadam Alireza , Mohamadnezhad Fatemeh , Heshmat Ghahderijani Bahareh
Published: August 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of world health problems and its prevalence and incidence is increasing. Chronic Kidney Failure involves a range of pathophysiologic processes that are associated with impaired renal function, leading to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renal artery resistive index (RI) is indicator of atherosclerotic change in small vessels. The current study was aimed to assess RI in diabetic nephropathy patients at stage 0-4 and to compare RRI with HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this cross sectional study,100 diabetic nephropathy patients who attend to nephrology clinic of Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital were entered to the study. Ultrasound Doppler renal resistive index was measured and other information was recorded from their last lab data that was recorded in their medical records. Variable included: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, albuminuria, GFR, HbA1c. All data was analyzed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The findings indicated a significant correlation of RI with systolic BP (p=0.04 R=0.75), microalbuminuria (P=0.001 R=0.67), and GFR (P=0.001 R=0.76), while diastolic BP (P=0/45 R=0/32), HbA1c (P=0/56 R=0/43) were not found to be associated with RI. The findings indicated that increased systolic blood pressure, albumin excretion (microalbuminuria) and severity of disease were capable of increasing RI values in diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, decreased GFR.
Identifying Meaningful Patient Outcomes After Lower Extremity Injury, Part 2: Linking Outcomes to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Majewski-Schrage Tricia , Evans Todd A. , Snyder Kelli R.
Published: August 2019

Context

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a framework and common language for describing and understanding health that incorporates function and disability, as well as contextual factors. However, whether the meaningful patient outcomes reported by collegiate athletes who have sustained a lower extremity (LE) injury correspond to the ICF model is uncertain.

Objectives

To determine if the patient outcomes reported by collegiate athletes after LE injury corresponded with the ICF classification and to identify the most relevant ICF categories and domains.

Design

Themes and subthemes from the qualitative analysis were linked to the ICF using established linking rules. The frequencies of the linked ICF categories were identified.

Setting

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty collegiate athletes (10 men, 10 women; age = 20.1 ± 1.83 years) from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution in the Midwest who had sustained an LE injury.

Data Collection and Analysis

Semistructured face-to-face interviews and ICF linking process.

Results

The data from the qualitative interviews were successfully linked to 63 ICF second-level domains (eg, moving around, d455) across all 4 ICF categories: body functions (b), body structures (s), activities and participation (d), and environmental factors (e). The 63 second-level domains corresponded with 20 first-level domains (eg, mobility, d4).

Conclusions

The ICF provided a common language for describing health and disability, as all outcomes reported by our collegiate athletes after LE injury were linked with the ICF classification. Athletic trainers should use the results of this study for assessing and monitoring collegiate athletes' health and function after an LE injury.
Concept formation in the speaking autistic child
Authors: Noach Marlene
Published: August 2019

The aim of this investigation was to determine the structure of concept formation on different levels of its development in speaking autistic children. A modified form of the Hanfmann-Kasanin Test of concept formation was administered to four female speaking autistic children. A control group was selected for comparative purposes. It was established by a qualitative analysis according to Vygotsky's theory that the autistic group was uniformly inferior to the normal group in their capacity for concept formation. It was concluded that these children showed an impairment in concept formation.
Some comments on aspects of the methodology for the measurement of stuttering
Authors: Caplan Lesley
Published: August 2019

The measurement of stuttering in a conversational context presents certain problems that are difficult to resolve despite a vast literature on the appraisal of stuttering behaviour. This view stems from problems encountered in a study designed to gauge the effects of conflict generated in a family context, on the stuttering behaviour of the child. Conflict was defined as a social process and was induced for the purpose of this study, by a standardised communication conflict situation. The results of the study were not significant, however, it was not concluded that stuttering and conflict are not related. Rather, there are difficulties in establishing this relationship. One of the difficulties concerns the measurement of stuttering. This paper is concerned with some aspects of the methodology for the measurement of stuttering that seem inadequate for research that has as its data, conversational interaction in a family context. Some alternative strategies are suggested.
Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED) and the patho-anatomic diagnosis: The basis of the neuroimaging report
Authors: Hewlett Richard H.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Practical radiology of plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma
Authors: Du Toit Andrew , Wood Lucille , Jacobs Peter
Published: August 2019

The traditional approach to diagnosis and staging in myeloma, based on haematologie and biochemical criteria, can be improved by inclusion of new forms of imaging. Standard radiographs have limited value but are still required because the majority of patients present with disease readily detected by this means. Also rapid extensive skeletal coverage is possible. Scintigraphy is limited by its poor sensitivity. CT is restricted to a region of interest but is however more accurate than DXA for demonstrating trabecular bone loss and density so that it emerges as valuable in the evaluation of therapy. MRI is currently the best choice for revealing marrow infiltration and, in ideal circumstances, the most sensible combination includes spine, pelvis and proximal femur MRI with skull, chest and rib X-rays. Furthermore MRI is finding a place in documenting prognosis when these individuals are treated.
Dystrophic calcification in an old cerebral infarction
Authors: Duncan Ian C. , Sher Basil J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
'The ghost in the machine'
Authors: Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Tips for the Radiologist: Academic writing in radiology
Authors: Duncan Ian C.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
What it is to be a woman neurosurgeon in India: A survey
Authors: Palanisamy Dhivya , Battacharjee Suchanda
Published: August 2019

Background: Around the world, measures are being undertaken to increase the number of women in the field of neurosurgery, by improving their working conditions and developing a supportive system. This survey was conducted to assess the status of women neurosurgeons in India. Aims and Objectives: To assess the barriers, supportive system and professional/personal satisfaction of Indian women neurosurgeons. Materials and Methods: A survey questionnaire containing 19 questions was designed. The number of women neurosurgeons in India was found to be 73 as of September 2017. An anonymous Google survey was undertaken by sending the survey questionnaire through email to 69 female neurosurgeons in the month of September 2017, and the email ids of 4 neurosurgeons were not available. 55 out of 69 replied to the survey questionnaire (79.7%) in a time period of 4 weeks. Results were collected and analyzed. Results: Our survey showed that 34.54% of Indian women neurosurgeons were being residents and 65.45% being younger than 40 years of age. Majority of them (92.72%) joined neurosurgery with passion and only 30.9% had a medical professional who kindled the interest in neurosurgery. 72.68% were discouraged before joining into neurosurgical residency. 74.4% reported to receive good to excellent support from the parent department. Only 40% had another female colleague in the department and they received good to excellent support from the female colleagues. Though 74.5% received good support from male colleagues the excellent support remained low. 40% reported to face discrimination by gender. 74.5% are married and 96.4% reported to receive good to excellent support from the family members. 80% face difficulty in balancing career and personal life. 70.9% have satisfaction in professional life and 69% lead a satisfactory personal life. 67.3% of female neurosurgeons felt that formation of an exclusive women neurosurgeons' forum would benefit them. Conclusion: In India there is a positive trend in female physicians taking up neurosurgery. The present residency program in our country is supportive to women in majority. However active measures should be taken to encourage female physicians to take up neurosurgery, reduce the existing gender discrimination and improve the supportive system especially during pregnancy and child rearing.
Initial experience of ORBEYE™ surgical microscope for carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Izumo Tsuyoshi , Ujifuku Kenta , Baba Shiro , Morofuji Yoichi , Horie Nobutaka , Matsuo Takayuki
Published: August 2019

Background: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is widely performed under operative microscopes. They provide magnified and stereoscopic vision of operative field suitable for precise maneuver. However, the microscope has some shortcomings, which are a narrow field-of-view, shallow depth-of-field, and the operator's fatigue due to fixed gaze posture through eyepieces. To overcome them, we introduced ORBEYE™ Surgical Microscope, which was 4K ultra high-definition three-dimensional (3D) system. We present our initial experience of the system for CEA and discuss its usefulness compared with the operating microscopes. Methods: A 66-year-old male presented to our department for the treatment of the left internal carotid artery severe stenosis. He underwent CEA using the ORBEYE™ Surgical Microscope. Results: The surgery was successfully completed only under the system without complication. The microscope was set over the operative field. Its wide field-of-view, deep depth of field, and smooth digital zooming allowed minimal repositioning of the microscope. The system provided high quality stereoscopic image of the surgical site, which enables us to perform precise surgery. The 55-inch 4K 3D monitor remarkably contributed to a reduction of the surgeons' fatigue. Conclusions: The ORBEYE™ Surgical Microscope, incorporating 4K 3D video technology, has overcome shortcomings of the operative microscope. This system is highly feasible for CEA and has the certain possibility for other neurovascular surgeries.
Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm – Challenges in the management: A case report and review literature
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Asiri Ahmed , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kawase Tsukasa , Kato Yoko
Published: August 2019

Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms (EICA) are rare. Incidence is <1% of all an arterial aneurysm. This aneurysm being rare but is important because it is associated with a high risk of neurological thromboembolic events, cranial nerve compression, and rupture. The causes of the EICA are congenital, trauma leading to the pseudoaneurysm, atherosclerosis, infections, and fibromuscular dysplasia. Here, we describe a case report of a 69-year-old female with progressive enlargement of the right neck mass accompanied by dyspnea on exertion. The patient had been diagnosed as right EICA and underwent the endovascular procedure as parent vessel occlusion 4 years ago. There was still enlargement of the size of the right neck mass and was causing troublesome to the patient. We performed selective embolization of the various feeders to the mass, but after this also, it was still enlarging. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the computed tomography scan showed fusiform dilatation of the right proximal EICA. We made the diagnosis of the thrombosed EICA and hence we planned to undergo surgical management. We performed removal of the intraluminal thrombus and ligation of the EICA. The size of the swelling decreased significantly.
The efficacy of posterior cervical laminectomy for multilevel degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy in long term period
Authors: Kire Neilakuo , Jain Sanyam , Merchant Zahir , Kundnani Vishal
Published: August 2019

Study Design: This was a retrospective analysis. Background: Surgical decompression is the gold standard for preventing the progression of neurological deficit in degenerative multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The efficacy of posterior laminectomy in the surgical management of CSM has been described in the past, but long-term follow-up data are scanty. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the long-term clinical-radiological outcomes following posterior cervical decompressive laminectomy in multilevel degenerative CSM. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 110 patients with degenerative multilevel CSM who underwent posterior cervical laminectomy alone in a single hospital by a single surgeon from 2009 to 2013 with minimum 5-year follow-up. Pre- and post-operative clinical parameters (visual analog scale [VAS], Nurick and modified Japanese orthopedic association [mJOA]), radiological parameter (Sagittal cervical Cobb's Angle), perioperative complications (time, blood loss, and hospital stay), postoperative complications (infection, C5 palsy, and neurological worsening) were evaluated. Results: Totally 110 patients (males – 68 and females – 42) with age varying from 46 to 80 (mean-57) years, and the mean duration of illness was 3 months were evaluated. Mean clinical parameters are VAS (preoperative = 5 ± 1.31, postoperative = 1.49 ± 0.687), Nurick grading (preoperative = 3.23 ± 71, postoperative = 1.924 ± 0.75), and mJOA (preoperative = 6.32 ± 0.87, postoperative = 9.89 ± 1.37). The mean blood loss was 93.95 ± 19.18 ml, and the mean time taken for surgery was 83.65 ± 10.18 min. About 13% (n = 15) patients developed cervical kyphosis and 29% (n = 32) developed changes in cervical spine alignment and 10% (n = 11) developed worsening of neurology at final follow-up. Two patients developed a superficial infection which was managed with antibiotics. Three patients developed C5 palsy which recovered with due time. Conclusions: With the proper selection of patients, posterior cervical laminectomy is effective in offering a clinical improvement to patients with degenerative multilevel CSM with a low incidence of clinically significant radiological deterioration.
Local cerebral hemodynamics after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass in patients with symptomatic carotid occlusions
Authors: Shulgina Anna , Lukshin Vasily , Usachev Dmitry , Shevchenko Elena
Published: August 2019

Context: Physiological insights into blood flow alterations in cortical vessels after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass surgery are important for the prognosis of bypass sustainability and hemodynamic patency. Aims: This study aims to assess the impact of STA-MCA bypass on local hemodynamics for patients with symptomatic carotid occlusions and Moyamoya disease. Settings and Design: This article presents a prospective nonrandomized study of intraoperative blood flow measurements in cortical branches of MCA and donor vessel before and after cerebral revascularization. Materials and Methods: Evaluation of local hemodynamic parameters was established for 112 patients with symptomatic carotid occlusive disease and cerebrovascular insufficiency during STA-MCA bypass surgery. We used intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography (89 patients – 72%), flowmetry (56 cases – 50%), and in 33 cases both methods. For physical justification of observed facts, we performed computational simulation with OpenFOAM CFD framework using Navier-Stokes nonstationary hemodynamic model. Statistical Analysis Used: All calculations were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 10.0 software. We used parametric (Z-test and Student's t-test) and nonparametric models (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney). For categorical values, we used Fisher's exact test. Results: Local cerebral hemodynamics after revascularization surgery significantly depended on initial perfusion deficit and the ability of bypass to reverse the blood flow in proximal parts of cortical artery (86 cases, 77%). Mechanism of cortical blood flow alteration was related to donor vessel cut flow value and potential consumption threshold of acceptor artery. Conclusions: Knowledge of hemodynamic principles of flow redistribution after STA-MCA bypass is important to improve bypass stainability and leads to better revascularization results.
Gangliocytic paraganglioma of dorsolumbar spine: A rare tumor at rare site
Authors: Nagose Vaishali , Jadhav Varsha
Published: August 2019

Spinal paragangliomas are rare benign tumors. The gangliocytic paragangliomas (GP) of spine are even rarer. The GPs are almost exclusively seen in duodenum. In spine, the usual site of affection is cauda equina region. The involvement of other spinal levels is far less often and includes thoracic and cervical region. We report this case of GP involving the conus medullaris region and reaching up to the upper part of cauda equina. The prognosis of spinal GP is excellent after total excision, as it is classified under WHO Grade I tumor. The patient made a full recovery after tumor removal. Clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of this rare tumor are discussed here along with.
Central neurocytoma presenting with bleed and obstructive hydrocephalus: A rare presentation
Authors: Chandshah Mustafa , Sadashiva Nishanth , Konar Subhas , Devi Bhagavatula
Published: August 2019

Central neurocytomas (CNs) occur typically in the lateral ventricle, adjacent to the septum pellucidum and foramen of Monro. The clinical presentation varies and many are incidentally detected. Incidence of spontaneous hemorrhage at presentation is rare. We hereby report a case of the intraventricular lesion with bleed which was operated on an emergency basis as it caused obstructive hydrocephalus and the patient was in altered sensorium. The exact cause of hemorrhage in CNs is not known, and the previously discussed explanations are discussed.
Diarrhea Patterns and Climate: A Spatiotemporal Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of Diarrheal Disease in Afghanistan
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Y. , Warren Joshua L. , Pitzer Virginia E.
Published: August 2019

Subject to a high burden of diarrheal diseases, Afghanistan is also susceptible to climate change. This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of diarrheal disease in the country and how associated it is with climate variables. Using monthly aggregated new cases of acute diarrhea reported between 2010 and 2016 and monthly averaged climate data at the district level, we fitted a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal statistical model. We found aridity and mean daily temperature were positively associated with diarrhea incidence; every 1°C increase in mean daily temperature and 0.01-unit change in the aridity index were associated with a 0.70% (CI: 0.67%, 0.73%) increase and a 4.79% (CI: 4.30%, 5.26%) increase in the risk of diarrhea, respectively. Average annual temperature, on the other hand, was negatively associated, with a 3.7% (CI: 3.74%, 3.68) decrease in risk for every degree Celsius increase in annual average temperature. Temporally, most districts exhibited similar seasonal trends, with incidence peaking in summer, except for the eastern region where differences in climate patterns and population density may be associated with high rates of diarrhea throughout the year. The results from this study highlight the significant role of climate in shaping diarrheal patterns in Afghanistan, allowing policymakers to account for potential impacts of climate change in their public health assessments.
Distribution of Capsular Types of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Peru
Authors: Rojas Jesús D. , Reynolds Nathanael D. , Pike Brian L. , Espinoza Nereyda M. , Kuroiwa Janelle , Jani Vihasi , Ríos Paul A. , Nunez Rosa G. , Yori Pablo P. , Bernal Manuela , Meza Rina A. , Kosek Margaret N. , McCoy Andrea J. , Simons Mark P. , Gregory Michael J. , Guerry Patricia , Poly Frédéric M.
Published: August 2019

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. A capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conjugate vaccine is under development and requires determination of the valency. However, distribution of CPS types circulating globally is presently poorly described. We aimed to determine whether CPS type distribution in Peru differs from that in other endemic regions. We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of CPS encoding genes capable of distinguishing all 35 CPS types on Campylobacter isolates in two prospective communities based studies conducted in cohorts of children less than 59 months of age in Peru. Results showed that CPS type HS4 complex was the most prevalent, followed by HS3 complex and HS15. Differences in CPS type for symptomatology were not statistically significant. Most subjects demonstrated repeated infections over time with different CPS types, suggesting that CPS types may confer of a level of homologous protective immunity. In this dataset, some differences in CPS type distribution were observed in comparison to other low-middle income countries. Further studies need to be conducted in endemic areas to increase our knowledge of CPS type distribution and guide vaccine development.