bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Cascades Shape Whole-Brain Functional Dynamics at Rest
Authors: Rabuffo Giovanni , Fousek Jan , Bernard Christophe , Jirsa Viktor
Published: September 2021

At rest, mammalian brains display remarkable spatiotemporal complexity, evolving through recurrent functional connectivity (FC) states on a slow timescale of the order of tens of seconds. While the phenomenology of the resting state dynamics is valuable in distinguishing healthy and pathologic brains, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Here, we identify neuronal cascades as a potential mechanism. Using full-brain network modeling, we show that neuronal populations, coupled via a detailed structural connectome, give rise to large-scale cascades of firing rate fluctuations evolving at the same time scale of resting-state networks (RSNs). The ignition and subsequent propagation of cascades depend on the brain state and connectivity of each region. The largest cascades produce bursts of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) co-fluctuations at pairs of regions across the brain, which shape the simulatedRSNdynamics. We experimentally confirm these theoretical predictions. We demonstrate the existence and stability of intermittent epochs ofFCcomprising BOLD co-activation (CA) bursts in mice and human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We then provide evidence for the existence and leading role of the neuronal cascades in humans with simultaneous EEG/fMRI recordings. These results show that neuronal cascades are a major determinant of spontaneous fluctuations in brain dynamics at rest.
A Stable Population Code for Attention in Prefrontal Cortex Leads a Dynamic Attention Code in Visual Cortex
Authors: Snyder Adam C. , Yu Byron M. , Smith Matthew A.
Published: September 2021

Attention often requires maintaining a stable mental state over time while simultaneously improving perceptual sensitivity. These requirements place conflicting demands on neural populations, as sensitivity implies a robust response to perturbation by incoming stimuli, which is antithetical to stability. Functional specialization of cortical areas provides one potential mechanism to resolve this conflict. We reasoned that attention signals in executive control areas might be highly stable over time, reflecting maintenance of the cognitive state, thereby freeing up sensory areas to be more sensitive to sensory input (i.e., unstable), which would be reflected by more dynamic attention signals in those areas. To test these predictions, we simultaneously recorded neural populations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual cortical area V4 in rhesus macaque monkeys performing an endogenous spatial selective attention task. Using a decoding approach, we found that the neural code for attention states in PFC was substantially more stable over time compared with the attention code in V4 on a moment-by-moment basis, in line with our guiding thesis. Moreover, attention signals in PFC predicted the future attention state of V4 better than vice versa, consistent with a top-down role for PFC in attention. These results suggest a functional specialization of attention mechanisms across cortical areas with a division of labor. PFC signals the cognitive state and maintains this state stably over time, whereas V4 responds to sensory input in a manner dynamically modulated by that cognitive state.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAttention requires maintaining a stable mental state while simultaneously improving perceptual sensitivity. We hypothesized that these two demands (stability and sensitivity) are distributed between prefrontal and visual cortical areas, respectively. Specifically, we predicted attention signals in visual cortex would be less stable than in prefrontal cortex, and furthermore prefrontal cortical signals would predict attention signals in visual cortex in line with the hypothesized role of prefrontal cortex in top-down executive control. Our results are consistent with suggestions deriving from previous work using separate recordings in the two brain areas in different animals performing different tasks and represent the first direct evidence in support of this hypothesis with simultaneous multiarea recordings within individual animals.
Biomarkers for prognosis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Zhu Mojun , Sorenson Karl R , Liu Rebecca , Gould Rothberg Bonnie E , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R
Published: September 2021

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) encompass a diverse group of malignancies marked by histological heterogeneity and highly variable clinical outcomes. We performed a systematic review on potential prognostic biomarkers in PNETs by searching the PubMed database. A total of 472 manuscripts were reviewed in detail, of which 52 multivariate studies met the inclusion criteria proposed by the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies. These altogether analyzed 53 unique targets, and 36 of them were statistically associated with survival.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 controls steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via directly inhibiting interleukin-34 expression
Authors: Wang Meng , Min Hong Sung , Shan Haojie , Lin Yiwei , Xia Wenyang , Yin Fuli , Jiang Chaolai , Yu Xiaowei
Published: September 2021

Increased inflammatory response is one of the major characteristics of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). We aimed to investigate the function of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/interleukin (IL)-34 axis in the inflammatory responses of ONFH. The systemic and local expression of BMPs in ONFH patients was detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. In vitro osteoclast differentiation and ONFH mouse models, induced by 20 mg/kg methylprednisolone through i.m. injection, were established using WT and BMP-2−/− mice to explore the regulatory role of BMP-2 in pro-inflammatory responses and bone defects of ONFH. IL-34 expression and function were examined in vitro and in vivo through qRT-PCR, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and gene knockout. The systemic and local expression of BMPs was elevated in ONFH patients. BMP-2 reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts. Mechanistically, BMP-2 inhibited osteoclasts formation through suppressing IL-34 expression and then promoted bone repair and alleviated ONFH. In conclusion, our study reveals that BMP-2 inhibits inflammatory responses and osteoclast formation through downregulating IL-34.
Intraoperative study of the functional perforasome - an experimental model
Authors: Nedu Maria-Eliza , Georgescu Alexandru Dan Valentin
Published: September 2021

Background and aims. The aim of this study is to find the most suitable protocol based on an animal experimental model, through the use of a fluorescent dye, determining also its minimal concentration needed to stain the skin after arterial injection, in order to be evidence the functional perforasome by visual examination.

Methods. Methylene blue solution was used in order to determine the territory vascularized by one perforator  on fresh cadavers in many studies which introduced, as a final result, the concept of perforasome. One of the most frequent complications of perforator flaps is partial flap necrosis which could be avoided by correctly assessing pre-operatively the functional perforasome surface.

Two groups of seven rats were used in order to establish a proper surgical protocol to evaluate the functional perforasome in vivo by injecting the dye. Also, the minimal concentration for methylene blue was experimentally determined.

Results. The direct injection into the femoral artery of the proper concentration of dye, 1mM for methylene blue and the clamping of all the branches except the medial branch of the superficial epigastric artery is a reliable model to study the functional perforasome.

Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the intraoperative assessment with fluorescent dye of the functional perforasome by intra-arterial injection of methylene blue is an easy, affordable and very efficient method to reduce the number of partial necrosis of the perforator flaps.
Jubiliejai
Authors: Vilnensia Acta Paedagogica
Published: September 2021

Jonas Dautaras. Mokinių savarankiškos asmenybės puoselėtojasLeonas Jovaiša. Švietimo istorikė apie naujas ugdymo sistemasDanutė Ona Žilienė. Humanizmas kaip mokslinio kelio gairė
Soil degradation in Volyn region: current state, dynamics, ways of reduction
Authors: Fesyuk Vasyl O. , Moroz Iryna A. , Kirchuk Ruslan V. , Polianskyi Serhii V. , Fedoniuk Mykola A.
Published: September 2021

Recently, the problem of decrease in soil fertility has become more serious, pos- ing a threat to food safety of the country. The main cause is violation of technologies of rational arable farming, which leads to deterioration of the qualitative condition of soils, their degradation. Therefore, development of protective measures for soils against degradation processes is a relevant problem nowadays, solving which would preserve soils and improve their condition. The article evaluates the current condition of degradation of soils in Volyn Oblast. We determined the main aspect of degradation processes, their scales and territorial distribution. We determined that in the structure of the land fund of the Oblast, 52% is occupied by agricultural land, indicating high level of agrarian cultivation of lands. For the last 15 years, the structure of the land fund of Volyn Oblast had undergone insignificant changes, and the most of the area of the land remains unaltered. The area of agricultural lands has somewhat decreased, whereas the area of forests and forest-covered territory has increased. The area of open lands with no vegetative cover has decreased by 0.15%. Ploughed fields in the southern districts of Volyn Oblast exceed the allowable limits, accounting for over 60%. We analyzed the dynamics of the degradation process of soils in the Oblast. We determined that the degradation of soils was to the greatest degree caused by manifestations of erosion and deflation. Water erosion manifested in the territory of Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Ivanychi, Lokachi, Horohiv, Lutsk and Kivertsi districts. Deflatable soils in the Oblast account for 258.2 thousand ha, most of which are in Kovel, Turiisk, Rozhyshche, Stara Vyzhivka districts. Measures for improving low-productive lands, and also land conservation, are being implemented in the Oblast. However, their scale is insufficient. We propose a complex of measures for protecting soils and preventing their degradation.
On Power Integral Bases for Certain Pure Number Fields Defined by x 36 − m
Authors: El Fadil Lhoussain
Published: September 2021

Let K = ℚ(α) be a number field generated by a complex root a of a monic irreducible polynomial ƒ (x) = x36 − m, with m ≠ ±1 a square free rational integer. In this paper, we prove that if m ≡ 2 or 3 (mod 4) and m ≠ ±1 (mod 9) then the number field K is monogenic. If m ≡ 1 (mod 4) or m ≡±1 (mod 9), then the number field K is not monogenic.
Czy „świadek-ekspert” przyspiesza postępowanie uproszczone?
Authors:   SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny, Filia we Wrocławiu, Polska, Skorupka Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

A witness-expert institution was introduced to a simplified proceedings under the amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure of 4 July 2019. The author argues that the witness-expert institution is a remedy to reconcile the need to reach the expert’s opinion and guarantee the speed and effectiveness of the simplified proceedings. Despite the fact that the witness-expert institution accelerates the simplified proceedings, it can, in practice, stall them, since the opposing party should be given the opportunity to question the opinion so as not to breach the principle of equality of arms and the right to a fair trail.
Investigation of shape memory effect in Ni-Ti based alloys
Authors: Nguyen Huy Dan , Kieu Xuan Hau , Nguyen Hai Yen , Pham Thi Thanh , Nguyen Huy Ngoc , Dang Doan Nuoi , Tran Dang Thanh
Published: September 2021

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are ones which can return to their original shape under impact of temperature or external magnetic field. The SMAs are capable of many applications in the fields of biomedical, aerospace, microelectronics, automation, for examples, orthodontics, stents, bone anchors, automatic valves, heat sensors, nanotweezers, robots... Recently, researchers have discovered the shape memory effect (SME) on high entropy alloys (HEAs). The combination of superior properties of SMAs and HEAs (high strength, heat resistance, low diffusion coefficient...) would bring useful practical applications in practice. In this paper, we will present an overview of the research situation of SMAs and our initial results obtained on Ni-Ti based alloys of Ni-Ti, Ni-Ti-Zr-Cu-Cr, Ni-Ti-Zr-Cu-Co, Ni-Ti-Zr-Cu-Nb, and Ni-Ti-Zr-Cu-Hf prepared by melt-spinning method.
Memoria y documentación histórica Cabildo indígena de Aponte. Municipio del Tablón de Gómez Departamento de Nariño - Colombia
Authors: Bolaños Martìnez Arturo
Published: September 2021

El Departamento de Nariño tiene una posición territorial estratégica, se encuentra localizado entre las zonas Andina, Pacífica y Amazónica, frontera internacional y paso obligado en el sur entre Colombia y el mundo. En este espacio sobreviven ancestralmente comunidades indígenas como la de los Inga, pueblo proveniente de la comunidad con la misma denominación del Valle de Sibundoy, departamento del Putumayo y perteneciente a la familia quechua. Su documentación en soporte de papel que aún existe, de no intervenirse adecuadamente puede desaparecer, lo cual se considera el mayor problema. Aquí se presenta el trabajo realizado en la comunidad Inga de Aponte en el municipio de El Tablón de Gómez, departamento de Nariño, cumpliendo el convenio celebrado entre, en ese entonces, la Institución Universitaria CESMAG y el Cabildo, iniciado el 20 de enero del año 2018 y finalizado el 20 de marzo del año 2018, el cual cumple con el objetivo general de crear el Archivo Histórico del Cabildo Mayor Inga de Aponte (A.H.C.M.I.A), después de que, metódicamente y, en complimiento y aplicación de los criterios de organización de archivos, se lograra recuperar, secar, limpiar y ordenar cronológicamente el patrimonio histórico documental material de la comunidad, y contener el acervo documental para el servicio de la comunidad en archivadores adecuados y en un lugar apropiado para su uso. Paralelamente se incluye información de un anterior trabajo (Bolaños, 1995) realizado por el mismo investigador que permite evidenciar la fragilidad del patrimonio documental.
Avaliação psicométrica do instrumento Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) em ambiente remoto de aprendizagem
Authors: Cardoso-Júnior Aloísio , Faria Rosa Malena Delbone de
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Motivation contributes greatly to learning, being a predictor of student performance. Thus, instruments that assess motivation after exposure to different teaching strategies and materials can contribute to the analysis and decision on its effectiveness. In this sense, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) instrument measures students’ motivation after instructional activities. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence of validity of the IMMS, previously translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: Cross-sectional study used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IMMS questionnaire, applied to 211 students from the first, third and fourth semesters of the medical course at José do Rosário Vellano University (Unifenas - Campus Belo Horizonte). The principal component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. Results: The PCA reduced the instrument’s items from 36 to 25 items, distributed in four dimensions. The saturation of the items in the dimensions ranged from 0.529 to 0.790 and the total explained variance was 63.12%. The reliability of the modified IMMS (IMMS-BRV), measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.76 (Attention dimension) to 0.93 (Interest dimension). Conclusion: The IMMS application in the remote education scenario, through asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy, resulted in an alternative instrument (IMMS-BRV), with fewer items (more parsimonious) and good internal consistency, demonstrating preliminary evidence of its validity and reliability adequacy.
Psychometric assessment of the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) instrument in a remote learning environment
Authors: Cardoso-Júnior Aloísio , Faria Rosa Malena Delbone de
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Motivation contributes greatly to learning, being a predictor of student performance. Thus, instruments that assess motivation after exposure to different teaching strategies and materials can contribute to the analysis and decision on its effectiveness. In this sense, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) instrument measures students’ motivation after instructional activities. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence of validity of the IMMS, previously translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: Cross-sectional study used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the IMMS questionnaire, applied to 211 students from the first, third and fourth semesters of the medical course at José do Rosário Vellano University (Unifenas - Campus Belo Horizonte). The principal component analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. Results: The PCA reduced the instrument’s items from 36 to 25 items, distributed in four dimensions. The saturation of the items in the dimensions ranged from 0.529 to 0.790 and the total explained variance was 63.12%. The reliability of the modified IMMS (IMMS-BRV), measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ranged from 0.76 (Attention dimension) to 0.93 (Interest dimension). Conclusion: The IMMS application in the remote education scenario, through asynchronous video lectures of human anatomy, resulted in an alternative instrument (IMMS-BRV), with fewer items (more parsimonious) and good internal consistency, demonstrating preliminary evidence of its validity and reliability adequacy.
The Health Empathy Map as an instrument of reflection in a non-care teaching scenario
Authors: Sousa Luíza Uchôa de Resende , Moura Eliane Perlatto , Peixoto José Maria , Aredes Janaina de Souza , Said Camila do Carmo
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The development of empathy during graduation aims at forming graduates who are more prepared to build a good relationship with their patients. The health empathy map (HEM) is an adapted tool with the purpose of developing empathy in students and future doctors using self-reflection. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of using the HEM, in the tutorial group scenario, on the empathy score measured by the Jefferson scale and in the assessment of the students’ empathic relationship with their patients. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study that used a mixed-method approach, in the explanatory plan modality carried out with 56 students from the 5th semester of the undergraduate medical course at José do Rosário Vellano University, UNIFENAS-BH. The students were divided into two groups: G1: students who used the HEM in the tutorial group (TG) strategy and G2: students who did not use HEM in the TG. All students completed a sociodemographic questionnaire at the beginning of the study and the Jefferson Empathy Scale at the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analyses were performed comparing the JSPE-Br scores between the groups and the study phases, and the HEM content analysis was performed. Results: The global empathy score was high in all phases of the study and did not differ between the groups. The content analysis revealed that the HEM encouraged students to reflect on the patients’ conditions, based on the mainstays of empathy, and considering the reading of their narratives. The reflections ranged from the biomedical aspects to complex socio-affective perspectives. Conclusion: HEM stimulated the students’ empathic reflection in a non-care setting and was able to identify the scope of the reflections, allowing the different perspectives to be discussed.
Modelaje y simulación del riesgo operativo de las instituciones fiduciarias en Colombia
Authors: Vahos Zuleta Fausto Camilo , Bedoya-Londoño David Alberto , Boada Antonio
Published: September 2021

Mediante este trabajo se desarrolló un modelo que se ha convertido en la primera experiencia para medir y estimar el impacto que han tenido las pérdidas netas en el riesgo operativo en las fiduciarias en Colombia y que permitiera a las fiduciarias estudiar y analizar la evolución y el impacto que tiene el riesgo operativo en sus utilidades. El sector de la industria de servicios financieros se ha visto expuesto a una cantidad de riesgos que conllevan a pérdidas en dichas entidades, y al sistema financiero en general; es así cómo a través de la definición de riesgo operativo, y la gestión de riesgo operacional, se implementa el estudio de indiciadores de riesgo a través de la metodología EaR (Utilidad de riesgo), establecido en tres fases: por un lado, la elección y recopilación de la información financiera de las fiduciarias a estudiar; la determinación de los estados financieros, con la construcción del estado de resultados, y finalizando con la determinación de la distribución probabilística que se adapta a la información histórica, para luego determinar las correlaciones entre las cuentas determinadas, para poder establecer el EaR a través de simulaciones de montecarlo. De esta manera, se ha podido no solo construir un modelo de cuantificación del riesgo operativo, a partir de la información financiera de ingresos y gastos, sino también obtener información estadística relevante sobre el impacto del riesgo operativo.
Análisis de rentabilidad, endeudamiento y liquidez de microempresas en Ecuador
Authors: Zambrano Farías Fernando José , Sánchez-Pacheco María Estefanía , Correa-Soto Sara Rocío
Published: September 2021

Las microempresas representan un componente significativo para el progreso económico de Ecuador. Esta investigación analiza y compara indicadores financieros como la rentabilidad financiera, el endeudamiento y la liquidez corriente de las microempresas de la provincia del Guayas con las del resto de provincias de Ecuador. El análisis utilizó una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva de diseño transversal para 13 768 microempresas de la provincia del Guayas y 16 093 microempresas del resto de las provincias de Ecuador que reportaron su información financiera a la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros al año 2019. Para comparar estos grupos se realizó una prueba t para muestras independientes con varianzas desiguales. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que, con un nivel de confianza del 95 %, el promedio de endeudamiento y la liquidez corriente media son mayores en la provincia del Guayas mientras que las microempresas del resto de Ecuador reportan una mejor rentabilidad financiera promedio. A pesar de que la provincia del Guayas tiene el mayor porcentaje de microempresas en el país, no es condición suficiente para concluir que sus indicadores financieros, en promedio, son mejores que los del resto de Ecuador. Esta investigación pretende ser un aporte al desarrollo de líneas de trabajo que contribuyan a la elaboración y diseño de políticas que ayuden a la supervivencia y desempeño empresarial de las microempresas.
Retos y desafíos del emprendimiento ecuatoriano, trascendiendo a la pospandemia
Authors: Useche Aguirre María Cristina , Pereira Burgos Morela Josefina , Barragán Ramírez Christian Andrés
Published: September 2021

Los cambios sistémicos e inesperados derivados del Covid-19 impulsaron de manera abrupta a los emprendimientos ecuatorianos a deslastrarse del modelo tradicional del negocio in situ. En ese sentido, se vieron forzados a incorporar las tecnologías de innovación y comunicación, con poca preparación y conocimiento, pasando hacia un modelo de negocio a distancia, para responder a la nueva realidad poscovid-19. Esto motivó a analizar el emprendimiento ecuatoriano en pandemia, así como los retos y desafíos a enfrentar en la pospandemia, mediante una revisión documental sobre la incidencia del contexto de crisis en su devenir, los hallazgos y obstáculos a enfrentar en el ámbito latinoamericano; así como las acciones empleadas por los emprendedores y el gobierno para afrontar la pandemia, siendo neurálgico abordar también el auge de la digitalización y los desafíos a enfrentar. Los resultados muestran que el emprendimiento ecuatoriano se encuentra en un proceso de ajustes internos por necesidades propias e influidos desde el entorno por la crisis sanitaria, las políticas públicas y el nuevo marco regulatorio. Se concluye que el país requiere un viraje profundo de los emprendimientos, donde la digitalización de los procesos y la alfabetización digital son las bases para el resurgimiento económico; sin embargo, esto implica desafíos y esfuerzos mancomunados de todos los agentes económicos y gubernamentales, para evidenciar una evolución próspera que coadyuve a la estabilidad de los emprendimientos y de la economía nacional.
REMOTE SUZUKI'S LESSONS WITH CHILDREN ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM
Authors:   Doctoral School at the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Kruszyńska-Szwedo J
Published: September 2021

The Suzuki Method defines musical abilities as not innate but one that can be developed. It is worth emphasizing that children with autism spectrum disorders could play an instrument from an early age by listening to music, imitating the game's teacher, parent, friend, repeating and perfecting songs. Key question: what is the relationship between using the Suzuki Method and developing communication skills, social competencies, and cognitive skills of students on the autism spectrum? The goal is to design a proprietary model with students in the autism spectrum based on the Suzuki Method for remote work. For the main problem, the independent variable uses the Suzuki Method with autism spectrum students aged 7 to 11. The dependent variable results from the observational technique of student’s communication skills, social competencies, and cognitive skills. An individualization experiment has been undertaken in the case study procedure. These will be case reports during the action research. A child on the autism spectrum disorder has good visual memory, developed match skills, and has the perfect pitch. Presumably, the research goals and indicators are not overestimated during Suzuki's remote lessons, too. Research can significantly accelerate reconstructive inclusion in a child. Keywords: a child with an autism spectrum disorder, Suzuki Method, remote education, social competencies, communication skills, cognitive skills
ABOUT THE TWO-STAGE PROXIMAL METHOD FOR SOLVING OF EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS
Authors: Vedel Ya. I. , Semenov V. V. , Chabak L. M.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the weak convergence of an iterative twostage proximal method for the approximate solution of the equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space is investigated. This method was recently been developed by Vedel and Semenov and can be used to solve mathematical programming problems, variational inequalities and game theory problems. The analysis of the convergence of the method was carried out under the assumption of the existence of a solution of the equilibrium problem and under conditions weaker than the previously considered ones.
Location of Tatar Settlements in the Middle and Lower Tara Region According to 18th Century Maps
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhomirov K. N. , Tikhomirova M. N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается расположение поселений татар в нижнем и среднем течении Тары на картах Тарского у. 1784 и 1798 гг., Топографическом плане волости с. Карташевскаго и волости слободы Бергаматской Тарского у. 1798 г., которые ранее не использовались в исследованиях по истории региона. Для проверки достоверности приведенной в них информации привлекаются такие источники этого периода, как Дозорная книга Тарского уезда, путевые описания Г. Ф. Миллера и др., а также результаты археологических и этнографических исследований. В ходе анализа картографических материалов выявлены некоторые закономерности в расположении поселений татар. Установлено, что они находились на правом берегу Тары на участке от ее устья до р. Черталинка, а на левом — на участке от р. Черталинка до устья р. Калинка. Дается критическая оценка карт конца XVIII в. как источников информации о летних и зимних поселениях татар Среднего и Нижнего Притарья. На основе этих материалов нельзя утверждать, что в момент создания карт поселения татар еще носили сезонный характер, а не были населены постоянно. Согласно картографическим источникам, зимники создавались на высокой террасе в стороне от долины Тары, летники — в пойме на ее берегу в пределах владений жителей. Сделаны выводы о системе расселения татар в рассматриваемое время: поселения располагались по приречному типу; часть населенных пунктов тяготела к приустьевым участкам притоков Тары; приведенные на картах названия ассоциируются с поселениями сезонного типа. На основе сравнения карт указанного периода и современных сделан вывод о том, что существующая сегодня система расселения татар в Нижнем и Среднем Притарье сформировалась в основном в конце XVIII в.
Return of Topeka Shiner (Notropis topeka) to Restored Oxbows in the White Fox Creek Watershed, Iowa, USA
Authors: Osterhaus DM , Leberg S S , Pierce C L , Stewart TW
Published: September 2021

The Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), a federally endangered species of minnow endemic to the Great Plains region of the central United States, has experienced widespread population declines resulting from loss of habitat. N. topeka habitat in Iowa, most notably oxbow wetlands, was mostly eliminated from the landscape during European settlement and agriculturalization of the region. Over the last two decades, restoration of oxbow habitats in Iowa has been increasing. Restorations provide critical habitat for N. topeka and regenerate a variety of ecosystem services that benefit many species of flora and fauna. There are signs that restoration of oxbow ecosystems is generating positive impacts on N. topeka recovery. Recent studies revealed that N. topeka populations are recovering within a few Iowa watersheds. In the investigation described here, we report the 2020 discovery of two N. topeka specimens in different restored oxbows within the White Fox Creek HUC10 of north central Iowa. Prior to these collections, the species had been undetected within this basin for 36 years. (It is possible that N. topeka persisted within the basin but remained undetected during sampling efforts.) Multiple oxbows have been restored within the White Fox Creek basin in recent years, and significant source populations of N. topeka can be found in nearby watersheds. These collections suggest that as oxbow restorations continue and land stewardship practices improve, N. topeka populations might recover and become reestablished within the historical range.
Bias in estimates of mb at small magnitudes
Authors: Evernden J. F. , Kohler W. M.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A possibly significant factor in application of an identification criterion such as MS:mb is systematic bias in mb magnitude estimates at small magnitudes due to a variety of factors. Magnitude bias is the difference in magnitude value, positive or negative, between an observed network-based magnitude value and the expected magnitude value if all stations of the network had detected the event at high signal-to-noise ratio. This paper constitutes a partial study of the general problem; it evaluates the bias effects expected from both conceptual and operational networks when using parameters for noise and signal levels and standard deviations derived from observations, and when correcting observed station mb values solely via a simple parameter station correction factor.

The analysis shows that any bias effects on mb inherent in any operational or potential worldwide network are so small as to have negligible effect on use of an MS:mb discriminant.
The Intercultural Approach in Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language in China
Authors: Malejka Jagna
Published: September 2021

The article presents issues related to intercultural teaching of Polish sociolinguistic and sociocultural customs in China. Efficient communication is guaranteed by mastering grammatical rules and vocabulary and requires knowledge of the culture of a given country. Papers on teaching Polish culture in Europe are the theoretical basis. The material was gathered by the author while she was teaching at Polish studies departments in China. Intercultural approach in teaching Polish linguistic-cultural behaviors in China demands other solutions than in the European cultural circle.
The Economics of Internet of Things: An Information Market System
Authors:   Xandr, Vadlamudi Siddhartha
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the leading forces in modern-day technology. The concept has been proposed to be a new way of interconnecting a multiplicity of devices and rendering services to a variety of applications. According to the industry’s insiders, IoT will make it possible to link transport, energy, smart cities, and healthcare together. The purpose of this paper is to understand the economics of the Internet of Things. It is meant to shed light on how world IoT applications can affect the information market. When every sector and industry of the world has been connected via this technology, what will become of the ICT niche? The information economic approach is currently being adopted and presented with its possible applications in IoT. Firstly, this paper reviews the kinds of economic models that have been designed for IoT services. Secondly, it focuses on the two major subject matters of information economics that are critical to IoT. While one considers the value of the information itself, the other addresses information with good pricing. Lastly, the paper proposes a game-theoretic model to examine the price competition of IoT-based services. We take a look at how these two sectors will fare against each, both at full capacity.
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Pathania Kushla , Sharma Surbhi
Published: September 2021

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a very common gynaecological condition that affects all age groups. This study was aimed at assessing the usefulness of TVS in comparison with hysteroscopy in AUB evaluation. Aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy in detection of submucous myomas in peri and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: The present study was prospective cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and Child Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla for period of one year w.e.f. 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019. The study was started after hospital ethical committee approval. 76 patients peri and post-menopausal women were enrolled in the study after taking written consent.Results: On TVS- all the study subjects underwent TVS examination, submucous fibroid was detected in 10 subjects (n= 76) i.e. 13.1% (all perimenopausal). On hysteroscopy submucous fibroid was detected in 11 (14.4%) subjects, on histopathology it was confirmed in 11 subjects (14.4%). Out of 11, 8 patients underwent hysterectomy, 1 myomectomy, 2 patients had hysteroscopic removal of fibroid. 1 subject with AUB-LSM was wrongly diagnosed as AUB-P. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of transvaginal sonography versus hysteroscopy was 90.09%, 100%, 100%, 98.5% respectively.Conclusions: TVS is an important initial modality for evaluating the patient of AUB. It is quick, simple, painless, least invasive, less expensive and readily available procedure and does not need full bladder like TAS. On the other hand, hysteroscopy has a better diagnostic accuracy as it provides the option of see and treat which is recommended for peri and post-menopausal women with AUB.
COVID-19 second wave deadlier than first in pregnant women: a comparative observational study and the COVID saga continues
Authors: D Suyajna Joshi , G. Vijayalakshmi , Rai Rajeswari , Banu Ruksar , . Jayasakthi
Published: September 2021

Background: A two wave pattern has been seen in many countries in reported cases of corona virus disease-19 during the 2020 pandemic. Observed data show that the effects of the virus do vary between the two periods. Differences in severity of the disease have been reported, although the comparative characteristics of the two waves still remain largely unknown.Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study continuation of our first paper comparing 133 pregnant COVID-19 positive patients delivered at District Hospital, Bellary, in the first wave and 251 patients admitted during second wave.Results: In the present study 87.9% patients were in the age of 20-30 years, 90% patients belong to lower socio-economic status, mild anemia about 27.4% in second wave, moderate anemia seen in 16.7% in second wave, and 10.35% had severe anemia. Non-severe pre-eclampsia was present in 18.72% of the patients, severe pre-eclampsia was seen in 9.94% of the cases and 01.59% had gestational hypertension. Mode of delivery was 17.9% FTND, 3.77% FTVD emergency LSCS was 74.5% in second wave, and preterm delivery was seen in 3.77% in second wave. Elevated levels of D-dimer were found 34.6% in second wave. 14 deaths being reported in second wave.Conclusions: This study compared the obstetric and clinical outcome in COVID-19 positive patients who are in labor in first and second wave of COVID-19 infection. Although our conclusions are limited, the finding so obtained are important for understanding the clinical parameters, obstetric parameters and perinatal outcome in both waves with considerable increase in maternal mortality in second wave.
Non-puerperal uterine inversion due to huge submucosal uterine myoma: a case report
Authors: Amadi Simeon C. , Awoyesuku Peter A. , Altraide Basil O. A. , Ohaka Chinweowa
Published: September 2021

Uterine inversion is a rare clinical entity with challenging diagnosis and management. Reports of successfully managed cases contribute to knowledge and aid future management of cases among practitioners. We report a case of a 46 year old para-3 with protrusion of a mass from her vagina and vaginal bleeding of 7 days duration. She was managed as a case of chronic uterine inversion. She was resuscitated and had vaginal myomectomy, Haultin’s procedure and subsequently total abdominal hysterectomy due to ischaemic necrosis of parts of the uterus.
Саse reроrt оf unusual presentation of heterоtrорiс рregnаnсy: anembryonic and ectopic pregnancy with opposite fimbrial block in а primigravida femаle
Authors: Gupta Priya , Maheshwari Sandip
Published: September 2021

Heterоtорiс рregnаnсy is defined аs the со-existenсe оf an intrаuterine аnd extrаuterine gestаtiоn. The inсidenсe is quite lоw аnd estimаted tо be 1 in 30,000 оf sроntаneоus рregnаnсies althоugh it is beсоming соmmоner in the present times with аssisted reрrоduсtive teсhnique. It саn be а life-threаtening соnditiоn аnd саn be eаsily missed with the diаgnоsis being оverlооked. We рresented а rаre саse оf sроntаneоus heterоtорiс рregnаnсy with аnembryоniс intrаuterine gestаtiоn sас аnd ruрtured eсtорiс gestаtiоn in left adnexal with а blind ending right fimbriа. Аn eаrly diаgnоsis leаds tо а signifiсаnt reduсtiоn in mоrbidity аnd mоrtаlity with suсh саses аnd helрs tо imрrоve their оverаll рrоgnоsis.
Successful vaginal delivery in a woman with longitudinal vaginal septum: a case report
Authors: Minz Archana , Roy Kallol Kumar , Zangmo Rinchen
Published: September 2021

Anomalies of vagina may present with primary amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia or can be detected as an incidental finding on physical examination or imaging study for another indication. We present a case report of a 21-year-old pregnant woman who was diagnosed with longitudinal vaginal septum on vaginal examination during her antenatal visit at term. At 38 weeks 2 days period of gestation, patient presented with labour pain. Resection of the longitudinal vaginal septum was performed during the second stage of labour which facilitated vaginal delivery. Both mother and baby were discharged from hospital in good health.
Huge mucinous cystadenoma of ovary in a reproductive female: an enigma
Authors: Bhoyar Kanchan Digambar , Zawar Sakshi Abhinav , Ambike Abhijit Sharachandra , Santpur Unmesh Sureshrao , Dombale Vijay Dhundiraj
Published: September 2021

To report the occurrence of a rare case of a huge benign ovarian tumour (mucinous cystadenoma) in in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital in Konkan, Maharashtra, India. Our reported case was a young woman of reproductive age group which was very rare who presented with marked abdominal distension and discomfort at the obstetrics-gynaecology OPD of BKL Walavalkar rural medical college. The data were collected by history-taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, transabdominal ultrasonographic examination and by histopathological study of the excised surgical specimen. The case was reported as a rare massive ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in a woman of reproductive age group. This case report emphasized the significance of thorough evaluation of all women presented with vague abdominal pain and gradual abdominal distension in reproductive age group. Although the condition is extremely rare, women from rural area neglect such conditions and present late which may pose challenges in the management.
Oral health status of the tribal population of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka
Authors: Ray Shibani Sushmitha , Doddaiah Sunil Kumar , N. Chandan , Gopi Arun , M. R. Narayan Murthy , Bilimale Anil S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Regardless of the improvements in the field of healthcare, there is a section of people who live away from civilization known as indigenous people or tribals. Information regarding oral health status is instrumental in the planning and implementation of oral health policies and programmes related to promotion of oral health. The present study aimed to assess the oral health status of the tribal population of Chamarajanagar district.Methods: A cross‑sectional survey of 256 tribals of Chamarajanagar district was conducted. A modified WHO oral health assessment form 2013 was utilized and examined according to the WHO methodology 2013. The recorded data was statistically analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences version 24.Results: Based on the age-category, majority of them belonged to the age group of 35-44 years. All the participants belonged to the sub-caste of Soligas. The total decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) among the subjects was 5.5±4.14, 114 (44.5%) of them had gingival bleeding, 76 (29.7%) of them had pockets of 4-5 mm depth, 14 (5.5%) of them had pockets of >6 mm depth, 74 (28.9%) had loss of attachment of 4-5 mm, 16 (6.3%) of them had loss of attachment of 6-8 mm, 3 (1.2%) had leukoplakia, 1 (0.4%) had lichen planus, 12 (4.7%) had ulceration and 12 (4.7%) had abscess.Conclusions: This study showed that a majority of tribes used toothbrush and toothpaste to routinely clean their teeth. High prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases was observed among the participants.
Dietary pattern among type 2 diabetes in rural area of Mysuru
Authors: S. Nishchitha , D. Sunil Kumar , N. Chandan , Gopi Arun , M. R. Narayan Murthy , Bilimale Anil S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common diseases in the world. It has a complex aetiology that includes both irreversible and reversible risk variables. Diet and its practice, sedentary way of life are the key factors for rapidly rising incidence amongst developing countries. Different methodological approach, to construct their diet patterns and their composition bound to conclusions on healthy patterns for diabetics. The study aimed to assess the dietary pattern among type 2 diabetic patients in rural field practice area of department of community medicine, Suttur, Mysuru.Methods: The study was conducted at rural primary health center, Suttur, Mysore. 384 patients with type 2 diabetes (having for >1 years) aged between 18-70 years formed the study population. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data about dietary practices and food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food intake.Results: Results revealed 70% were illiterates, 47.9% were between 1-3 years duration of diabetes and 97.4% followed both diet and oral medications. All of them consumed 3 meals a day. Dietary practices incorporated due to diabetic state were: cereals (100%) and fruits (166.6%), meat and poultry (200.6%) weekly.Conclusions: It is one such type of disease which can be prevented at various levels by identifying predictors. Diabetic patients had poor dietary practices and consumed protective foods inadequately. Dietary practices did not change markedly except for reduction in cereals, and fruits.
Public knowledge, attitude, practice towards acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccine: a prospective cross-sectional study in Bangalore
Authors: J. Aileen , Mukherjee Sneha , Bista Seema , Reddy Manasa , S. Chitrasree , Nandaragi Nikhil
Published: September 2021

Background: The world health organization has declared COVID-19 outbreak a global health emergency which has severely affected the health-care system, social networking and economic growth throughout the world. The aim of this study was to develop awareness strategy on knowledge, attitude and perception regarding COVID-19 vaccine among the general public in selected urban area of Bangalore.Methods: The survey was conducted among 400 respondents of Hebbal constituency, Bangalore, Karnataka (India) through a structured; open and close-ended questionnaire. Content validation was done to assess the validity and factor analysis for reliability. Collected data was analyzed by using ANOVA for testing the quantitative variables (age, gender, education level, employment status) and qualitative variables (knowledge, attitude and perception).Results: Our results indicate that there is difference of opinion in the aspect of knowledge and perception among various age groups.Conclusions: The study concluded that there is a sound knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine among the age group of 18-35 years whereas in the age group above 35 years, there is inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine facts and myths. Therefore, there is high need to create awareness and provide adequate information to the general public.
Cause of amblyopia in adult patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Kumari Nitika , Ali Jamshed , Dubey Gaurav , Kumari Vibha , Kumari Ragni , Shahid Yasmeen
Published: September 2021

Background: Amblyopia has been defined as a decrease of visual acuity for which no causes can be detected by the physical examination of the eye, caused by vision deprivation or abnormal binocular interaction. This study aims to determine the cause of amblyopia in adult patients at HAHC hospital South Delhi.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period from January 2018 till March 2018 among the patients in HAHC hospital. A comprehensive eye examination was used to analyse the visual condition.Results: Amblyopia was diagnosed in 42 participants, with age-and gender-adjusted prevalence of 3.2%. Of these, 1.9% were unilateral cases, and 1.3% were bilateral cases. A major cause of amblyopia in this population was a refractive error, hence using spectacle correction and vision therapy for its initial management.Conclusions:  This study has provided causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Amblyopia is a frequent cause of lifelong unilateral visual impairment.