bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansion of the Bacteriophage φ6 Procapsid Revealed by Electron Cryo-Microscopy
Authors: Heymann B , Nemecek D , Cheng N , Qiao J , Mindich L , Steven AC
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
XPS Analysis of Fuel Cell Membrane Prepared Using an Ultra-Low-Angle-Microtomy Technique
Authors: Meyer HM , Reeves KS , More KL
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Pre-sharpened Microtips: An Efficient Sample Preparation Method for Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Shivaraman R , Ulfig R , Larson DJ , Fukuzawa H , Bell DC , Wang H , Gordon R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Understanding Growth Termination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Carpets by Documenting the Evolution of Catalyst Morphology with the Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Kim SM , Pint C , Amama P , Zakharov D , Hauge R , Maruyama B , Stach E
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Site Specific Deposition of Iron Particles for Carbon Nanotube Growth
Authors: Chee SW , Yurga-Bell C , Sharma R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
K-space Navigation for Accurate High-angle Tilting and Control of the TEAM Sample Stage
Authors: Duden T , Radmilovic V , Schmid A , Dahmen U
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Ultrastructure of Light Organs of Loliginid Squids with Insights into the Morphology of Bacteriogenic Light Organs
Authors: Guerrero-Ferreira R , Nishiguchi M
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Materials Characterization
Authors: Monroe DN , Richard DJ , Martin AD , Leonard DN , Russell PE
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Apatone® Treatment Inhibits the Inflammatory Response in Human Synovial, Fibroblasts Following Metal Particulate Exposure by Reducing NF-κB Levels
Authors: Neal DR , McGuire KM , Shah PN , Kovacik MW , Mostardi RA , Walker JI , Ramsier RD , Jamison JM
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Development of Atom Probe Tomography for Biological Materials
Authors: Greene M , Prosa TJ , Panitz J , Larson DJ , Kelly TF
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Microstructural Analysis of CdTe Thin Films using EBSD and FIB
Authors: Nowell MM , Wright SI , Carpenter JO
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Methods of Evaluating EBSD Sample Preparation
Authors: Nowell MM , Wright SI , Carpenter JO , Witt R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Innovations in Knowledge Management with GMS
Authors: Wilbrink J , Harmon R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Application of Time-Lapse Video Microscopy in Studying Lung Cancer Cellular Cytoskeletal Functions under Targeted Kinase Inhibitor Novel Therapy
Authors: Ma PC , Du R , Tang Z
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Imaging Fundamental Electronic Excitations at High Spatial Resolution Using Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy
Authors: Phillips MR , Drouin D , Moody SJ , Ton-That C
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Aberration-Correction in a Monochromated and Energy Filtered Environment,
Authors: Bell DC , Meyer S , Orchowski A , Tayebati P , Benner G
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Automated Sample Preparation of Nanoscale Devices for FESEM
Authors: Cerchiara RR , Fischione PE , Boccabella MF , Robins AC
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Applications of Aberration-corrected TEM and STEM in Complex Oxides and Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Lazar S , Chang L-Y , Gunawan L , Shao Y , Botton GA
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Investigating Bacterial Endosymbiosis in Leptogorgia virgulata Using a Molecular and SEM Approach
Authors: Abboud S , Kingsley R , Spicer L , Marks C
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Superior Imaging Quality of Scanning Helium-Ion Microscopy: a Look at Beam-Sample Interactions,
Authors: Cohen-Tanugi D , Yao N
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Elucidating the Pathway of Apatone® Induced DNase II Reactivation During Autoschizic Cell Death
Authors: McGuire KM , Jamison JM , Neal D , Gilloteaux J , Summers J
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Nano-Scale Compositional Heterogeneity in Pr-doped CeO2
Authors: Sharma V , Eberhardt K , Sharma R , Crozier P
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Impact Fatigue Failure of Ordnance Components
Authors: Schmidt F , Norfleet D
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Electron Cryo-Tomography Demonstrates Variable Distributions of the Viral NTPase and RNA Polymerase in Bacteriophage φ6 Procapsids
Authors: Nemecek D , Heymann B , Winkler D , Qiao J , Mindich L , Steven AC
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Latest Developements in the New Wavelength Dispersive Solid-State Detector
Authors: Lesher D , Diawara Y , Medved S , Durst R , Sedov V
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Performance Improvements of Local Electrodes from In-situ Plasma Cleaning
Authors: Ulfig R , Gerstl S , Prosa TJ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Characterization of EuS Nanotubes in Quantum Confinement
Authors: Thron A , Bonifacio CS , Erdman N , Harrison M , Somarajan S , Dickerson J , Benthem K van
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Towards Low-Damage TEM Sample Preparation of Carbonaceous Materials in the Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Bassim N , Gregorio B De , Kilcoyne AD , Scott K , Chou T , Wirick S , Cody G , Fischione PE , Liu J , Stroud R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Improvements in Three-Dimensional Compositional Analysis of Complex Alloys
Authors: Ulfig R , Oltman E , Larson DJ , Smentkowski VS
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
High Resolution TEM and Electron Diffraction Study of Graphene Layers
Authors: Suh Y , Park S , Kim M
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Promoting Standards in Quantitative Atom Probe Tomography Analysis
Authors: Ulfig R , Kelly TF , Gault B
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
In-Situ TEM Observation of Metal Zn Nanocrystal Growth on ZnO Films
Authors: Yuk JM , Kim K , Lee Z , Watanabe M , Zettl A , Lee JY , No YS , Kim TW , Choi WK
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Use of Multilayer Correction Procedures to Improve the Quantitative Electron Microprobe Analyses of Coated Insulating Specimens
Authors: Armstrong J
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Advances in Electron-Probe Microanalysis and Compositional Mapping: Applications to the Analysis of Meteorites
Authors: Carpenter PK , Zeigler RA , Jolliff BL , Vicenzi EP , Davis JM , MacRae CM , Wilson NC , Kotula PG , Donovan JJ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
FIB/SEM Fabrication of Nanostructures for Plasmonic Sensors and Waveguides
Authors: Madison A , Dhawan A , Gerhold M , Vo-Dinh T , Russell PE , Leonard DN
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Aberration-Corrected STEM
Authors: Bacon NJ , Corbin GJ , Dellby N , Hrncirik P , Krivanek O , Murfitt M , Own CS , Szilagyi Z
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
SrTiO3 (001) ( × )R33.7° Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Kienzle D , Quezada B , Marks LD
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Three Dimensional Analysis of In Vitro Assembled HIV-1 Gag by Electron Cryotomography
Authors: Wright E , Datta S , Shen K , Ding HJ , Rein A , Jensen G
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Effect of Catalyst Composition on Si Nanowire Growth Kinetics
Authors: Kodambaka S , Tersoff J , Wen C-Y , Reuter M , Stach E , Ross F
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Pt-Co Bimetallic Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes
Authors: More KL , Reeves KS , Borup R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Atomic Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy of Graphene Using the TEAM 0.5
Authors: Lee Z , Dato A , Jeon K-J , Erni R , Richardson T , Frenklach M , Radmilovic V
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Stress Modulated Composition Fluctuation and Diffusion in near lattice match AlInN/GaN
Authors: Mouti A , Rouvière J-L , Grandjean Nicolas , Stadelmann Pierre
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
3 Dimensional Correlated Microscopy of Fluorescence Microscopy and Serial Block Face SEM
Authors: Mancuso J , Serrano-Velez JL , Torres-Vazquez II , Rosa-Molinar E
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopic Correlative Methods for Mapping Neuronal Interconnectivity
Authors: Serrano-Velez JL , Mancuso J , Torres-Vazquez II , Rosa-Molinar E
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
EPMA of K and Na in Two Types of Aged NOx Catalysts for Diesel Engines
Authors: Hangas J , Cavataio G , Cheng Y
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Performance of a Silicon-Drift Detector in 200kV TEM Environments
Authors: Allard LF , Rozeveld S
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Atomic Resolution Investigation of Metal-Assisted Hydrogen Storage Mechanisms in Activated Carbon Fibers
Authors: Bonifacio CS , Thron AM , Pennycook SJ , Contescu CI , Gallego NC , Benthem K van
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Magnetic Alignment of Iron(III) Oxide Decorated CNT Polymer Composites
Authors: Camponeschi E , Walker J , Garmestani H , Tannenbaum R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Imaging Shape Dependent Surface Plasmon Modes in Noble Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Aloni S , Yin Y , Alivisatos AP
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
A Multifaceted Approach to Particle Analysis
Authors: Lowers H
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Applications for Argon in a Triple Beam
Authors: Fujii T , Suzuki H , Man X , Shearer M Hassel , Takahashi M
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Real-Time Pulse Pile-up Recovery in X-ray Detector Data
Authors: Scoullar PAB , Evans RJ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
A High Temperature ESEM Investigation into the Separation of MgCl2 from MgCl2 - Ti Mixture
Authors: Glenn AM , Doblin C , MacRae CM
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
The Discovery and Characterisation of a New U Mineral from Ilimaussaq Alkali Complex – Greenland
Authors: MacRae CM , Torpy A , Wilson N , Grey I , Townend R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Visualizing Immune Surveillance in Tumor Microenvironment with Two-photon Microscopy
Authors: Tong C , Myers J , Barkauskas D , Su C , Liou H-LR , Intzes S , Huang AYC
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Data Mining and Informatics for Quantitative Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Rajan K , Aluru S , Ganapathysubramanian B
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Ion-Beam Etching Techniques in Uranium Metallography
Authors: Frafjord JJ , Bridges RL , Dekanich SJ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Back to the basics: The fundamentals of cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Dokland T
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Advances in Electron Microscopy for Studying the Microorganism-mediated Reduction of Radionuclides in the Subsurface
Authors: Marshall MJ , Dohnalkova AC , Kennedy DW , Plymale AE , Arey BW , Beliaev AS , Fredrickson JK
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Characteristics of Exfoliation Corrosion at Weldments in an Al-Zn-Mg Alloy
Authors: Bagnall C
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Electrolytic Polishing of Cold Worked Zr-2.5Nb for the Examination of Zr-Hydrides
Authors: Lockley A
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Microstructural Analysis of Fe35Pt49Cu16 Thin Films
Authors: Hornbuckle BC , Torres K , Morris R , Thompson G
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Organization of Cellulose Synthase Trafficking and Motility in the Plasma Membrane by the Cortical Microtubule Array
Authors: Gutierrez R , Lindebloom J , Paredez A , Emons AM , Ehrhardt D
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Atomic Scale EELS Study of the Origin of Ferromagnetism in Co doped ZnO Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Ramasse QM , Kuprin AP , Chi M , Kaspar TC , Chambers SA , Browning ND
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
FIB-SEM 3D Spectral Imaging For Materials Characterization
Authors: Kotula PG
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
3D Structure Determination from HRTEM and Electron Diffraction Tomography
Authors: Zou X , Zhang D , Oleynikov P , Sun J , Hovmöller S
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Imaging Biomineralization in Flow Systems
Authors: Schultz L , Pitts B , Gerlach R
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Electron Diffractive Imaging of a Single Nanoparticle
Authors: Chen F-R , Dronyak R , Feng C-K , Liang KS , Lee T-K
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Role of Clathrin in the Inmune Synapse Formation
Authors: Calabia-Linares C , Alfonso-Pérez MJ , Martín-Cofreces N , Pérez-Martínez M , Aguado-Ballano C , Urbano-Olmos FR , Sánchez-Sorzano CO , Sánchez-Madrid F , Veiga E
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Domain Structure Control of BiFeO3 Films Through Substrate Symmetry and Film Thickness
Authors: Nelson CT , Zhang Y , Folkman CM , Eom CB , Mansfield JF , Pan XQ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Serial Sectioning of Deformed Microcrystals using a Dual-Beam FIB-SEM Microscope
Authors: Uchic MD , Shade PA
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Atom-probe Tomography, Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Characterization of Nano-scale Features in Nanostructured Ferritic Alloys
Authors: Odette GR , Cunningham NJ , Marquis EA , Lozano-Perez S , Castro V de , Hosemann P , Stergar E , Liu S , Segre CU
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Interfaces of Xe Inclusions Ion-implanted in Al - Ordering in a Fluid Xe and Matrix Oxidation at Surfaces
Authors: Furuya K , Iakoubovskii K , Mitsuishi K , Donnelly SE , Song M
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Early Stages of Solute Clustering in Irradiated 1 Ni – 1.3 Mn Welds
Authors: Burke MG , Hyde JM , Boothby RM , English CA
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Aberration Correction and Exit Wave Reconstruction Using Tilt Azimuth Data
Authors: Kirkland AI , Haigh S
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Ab Initio Undersampled Phase Retrieval
Authors: Marchesini S
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
The Contribution Chemical Microscopy to the Solution of the Green River Murders
Authors: Palenik S
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Applications of Microscopy and Microanalysis in US FDA Forensic Cases
Authors: Platek SF , Crowe JB , Ranieri N , Witkowski M
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Study of Down-Range GSR Deposition as a Function of Firearms Type and Ammunition Caliber
Authors: Schwoeble AJ
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Nanosilicon Crystallite Embedded into Amorphous Silicon Matrix: Polymorphous SiliconThin Film, Obtained by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Millán A Remolina , Rodriguez G Santana , Ponce A , Monroy M , Sanchez MFG , Alonso JC , Ortiz A
Published: July 2009

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease: insights from genetic studies
Authors: Gasser Thomas
Published: July 2009

Over the past few years, genetic findings have changed our views on the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD), as mutations in a growing number of genes have been found to cause monogenic forms of the disorder. These mutations cause neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration either by a toxic gain of function, as in the case of the dominant forms of monogenic PD caused by mutations in the genes for α-synuclein or LRRK2, or by a loss of an intrinsic protective function, as is likely for the recessive PD genes parkin (PRKN), PINK1 and DJ-1. Evidence is emerging that at least some of the pathways uncovered in the rare monogenic forms of PD may play a direct role in the aetiology of the common sporadic disorder and that variants of the respective genes contribute to the risk of developing the disease. These findings will allow the search for new treatment strategies that focus on the underlying molecular pathophysiology, rather than simply on ameliorating symptoms.
Genetic Engineering and what is Natural
Authors: Warnock Mary
Published: July 2009

Some argue that genetic engineering and other scientific practices are morally wrong because they are ‘unnatural’. Prince Charles took this line in his 2000 Reith Lecture. But as Mary Warnock here points out, attempts to justify the moral condemnation of a practice on the grounds that it is ‘contrary to nature’ are notoriously difficult to sustain.
Psychic Sophistry
Authors: Youens Tony
Published: July 2009

This article explains the various techniques that psychics can use to convince both their clients and themselves that they really do have occult powers. Tony Youens, the author, regularly demonstrates these techniques, and usually succeeds in convincing his audience of his amazing psychic abilities before he reveals all. On one recent TV show, a person who uses psychics was asked, after a long session with both Tony and a ‘real’ psychic, which of the two had genuinely psychic powers. They chose Tony.
1: Celebrity Endorsements and a Salesperson's Trick
Authors: Law Stephen
Published: July 2009

Thinking Tools is a regular feature that introduces tips and pointers on thinking clearly and rigorously. Here we get to grips with two everyday reasoning errors.
Are they playing our tune?
Authors: Steward Helen
Published: July 2009

I think of myself as in large part free to do what I want. For example, I can now freely choose to raise my arm, or not to, as the fancy takes me. But perhaps this impression of freedom and control is misleading. In this article Helen Steward explains how the findings of science seems to suggest that we ultimately have no control at all over how our lives go.
Other minds?
Authors: Avramides Anita
Published: July 2009

One of the most intriguing of philosophical puzzles concerns other minds. How do you know there are any? Yes, you're surrounded by living organisms that look and behave much as you do. They even say they have minds. But do they? Perhaps other humans are mindless zombies: like you on the outside, but lacking any inner conscious life, including emotions, thoughts, experiences and even pain. What grounds do you possess for supposing that other humans (including even me) aren't zombies? Perhaps less than you think. Anita Avramides tackles this fascinating question.
Relatively speaking
Authors: Blackburn Simon
Published: July 2009

Is what's true ultimately relative to your point of view? So that what's true as viewed from over here might be false if viewed from over there? In this article, Simon Blackburn grapples with the suggestion that what's true is ultimately just a matter of perspective.
Paradoxes 2: Achilles and the Tortoise
Authors: Clark Michael
Published: July 2009

In this regular series Michael Clark, editor of the journal Analysis, presents some of the most intriguing philosophical paradoxes. Here we examine the paradox of Achilles and the tortoise.
Thinking Tools 2: Superstition and the Miser's Favourite
Authors: Law Stephen
Published: July 2009

Thinking Tools is a regular feature that introduces pointers on thinking clearly and rigorously. Here we get to grips with two everyday reasoning errors.
A relative defence
Authors: Lacewing Michael
Published: July 2009

Is morality relative? Might what is morally ‘right’ for one culture be morally ‘wrong’ for another? Issue two contained two pieces (one by myself) arguing against this kind of moral relativism. Here, Michael Lacewing suggests that there may be more truth in relativism than was suggested.
Wittgenstein and the problem of consciousness
Authors: Hanfling Oswald
Published: July 2009

You have a rich inner life of conscious experiences. For example, you have pains and other sensations. And you have sensory experiences, such as that produced by chewing on something bitter. Scientists are currently puzzling over how to explain this inner life in scientific terms. Can we, for example, ‘explain’ consciousness by appealing to certain facts about our brains?

Here, Oswald Hanfling explains why he believes the scientific ‘problem’ of ‘explaining’ consciousness is ultimately a pseudo-problem. There is no problem!
Richard Swinburne's Is there a God?
Authors: Dawkins Richard
Published: July 2009

In this review of Richard Swinburne's Is There a God? (which contains the same two arguments from design that may be found in his article in issue one of Think), Richard Dawkins admires Swinburne's clarity but is unconvinced by his arguments. Dawkins questions, in particular, Swinburne's suggestion that the hypothesis that God exists and sustains his creation is simpler than the hypothesis that there is no God.
The political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Martinich Al
Published: July 2009

Al Martinich explains Hobbes' view on how the rights of the individual are to be balanced against the need for government.
Non-Euclidean sex
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: July 2009

Perhaps there is nothing morally wrong with homosexuality. But does that mean that those who find it abhorrent should be forced to tolerate, it? Michael Levin questions some common liberal preconceptions about homosexuality, and also responds to my own ‘What's Wrong With Gay Sex?’ (which appeared in Issue 5 of Think).
Should philosophy replace religious education? A reply to brenda watson
Authors: Larvor Brendan
Published: July 2009

In Issue 7 of Think, Brendan Larvor criticised the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, for suggesting that atheism and humanism ought not to be taught in schools alongside the religious faiths. In Issue 9, Brenda Watson defended the Archbishop's view. Here, Larvor replies to Watson. The numbers below refer to numbered points in Watson's piece.
Levin on the abnormality of homosexuality
Authors: Robjant David
Published: July 2009

David Robjant also criticizes Levin's article from Think 10.
A storm in a turban
Authors: Benatar David
Published: July 2009

Did those who published the cartoons of Muhammad do something wrong?
John Stuart Mill: An anniversary
Authors: Cave Peter
Published: July 2009

John Stuart Mill was born two hundred years ago, on 20th May, 1806. He died on 7th May 1873. Peter Cave brings to life some of the thinking of this outstanding philosopher.
The absence of Enlightenment in Arabic culture
Authors: Abousenna Mona
Published: July 2009

We in the West largely take Enlightened attitudes, in Kant's sense of ‘Enlightened’, particularly concerning religion, for granted. But within Arabic culture such attitudes are far from common, as Mona Abousenna points out.
Fine tuning and the multiverse
Authors: Holder Rodney
Published: July 2009

It is claimed that the universe appears to be fine-tuned so as to admit the development of life. In this article Rodney Holder examines the evidence for fine-tuning and the chief rival explanation to design, namely the existence of a ‘multiverse’.
Sex without God
Authors: Cave Peter
Published: July 2009

Peter Cave juggles sex and God, Wittgenstein and language, and Kant and his lemons, pointing to some irredeemably paradoxical and perilous aspects of erotic love.
The God of Eth
Authors: Law Stephen
Published: July 2009

A dialogue investigating whether the usual religious defences of belief in God are really up to the job.
Mr Turkey and Humpty Dumpty
Authors: Cave Peter
Published: July 2009

Look at any investment advertisement and you will encounter: PAST PERFORMANCE IS NO GUIDE TO FUTURE PERFORMANCE. This statement is a tribute to the power of the Financial Services Authority. Let us see how past performance plays with those down on the farm.
Elusive pursuits: a brief history of happiness
Authors: Marar Ziyad
Published: July 2009

Ziyad Marar presents a brief history of the quest for happiness, and of its relation to philosophy.
My friend was a poem: A philosophical memoir
Authors: Chambers Timothy
Published: July 2009

The ‘Problem of Evil’ has been the focus of a number of articles in Think. Here, Timothy Chambers offers an unusual perspective on this seemingly intractable difficulty facing theists.

‘Did not I weep for him whose day was hard? Was not my soul grieved for the poor? But when I looked for good, evil came; and when I waited for light, darkness came.’
Thinking tools: The straw man
Authors: Law Stephen
Published: July 2009

Thinking Tools is a regular feature that introduces pointers on thinking clearly and rigorously.
The injustices of merit
Authors: Horner Chris
Published: July 2009

Chris Horner questions whether a ‘meritocracy’ is something for which we should really be aiming.

‘The class war is over. But the struggle for true equality has only just begun.’

Tony Blair
Dead People
Authors: Cave Peter
Published: July 2009

Peter Cave explains why he believes we can and should treat people well, even after they have ceased to exist.

We should treat people well;

therefore, we should treat dead people well.
Informal fallacies in James's the will to Believe
Authors: Double Richard
Published: July 2009

Richard Double takes us through James' defence of belief in God, exposing a few fallacies along the way.
Perfect being ethics
Authors: Creel Richard E.
Published: July 2009

In a 1987 paper Thomas Morris introduced the phrase ‘perfect being theology’ and argued that in our efforts to construct an adequate theistic conception of God the most fruitful procedure will be for us to engage in reflection and dialogue about what a maximally perfect being would be like (‘Perfect Being Theology,’ Nous 21:19–30). To some of us that approach seems so obvious as to be without a significant alternative, but there are other approaches that have been followed – such as working up a conception of God solely from the statements in a purported repository of divine revelation, such as the Bible (for example, when I was in seminary in Yale Divinity School in the early 1960's, ‘biblical theology’ was the rage and ‘philosophical theology’ was looked down upon). Another approach has been to study a wide range of religious scriptures to see what common conception of the divine can be found in them or most plausibly constructed from them. Those approaches, Morris said, have left us with something unsatisfactorily incomplete, static, and perhaps self-contradictory. Morris argued, a la St. Anselm and René Descartes, that the notion of a maximally perfect being is the north star that has been at the heart of the theistic traditions of the world, and it is that notion that we must explore and elaborate in order that we might construct an adequate conception of God. I agree.
Relativism: Some reflections
Authors: Pyle Andrew
Published: July 2009

‘That's true-for-you, but not true-for-me.’ Are there any truths for which this is, indeed, true?
Should philosophers be consistent? (Part Two)
Authors: Lerner Berel Dov
Published: July 2009

Berel Dov Lerner now argues, inconsistently, for consistency.
Strange stuff indeed
Authors: Horder Jamie
Published: July 2009

Jamie Horder reviews The Stuff of Thought (London: Allen Lane, 2007) by Steven Pinker.
Climate change in 1,000 years
Authors: Garvey James
Published: July 2009

In issue 15, John Shand addressed the moral issue of climate change and suggested that what might happen in 1,000 years time is not as important, morally speaking, as many of us think. Here, James Garvey responds.
Surface distributions of carbon chemistry parameters in the East China Sea in summer 2007
Authors: Chou Wen‐Chen , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Sheu David D. , Hung Chin‐Chang , Tseng Tsung‐Fan
Published: July 2009

Comprehensive carbon chemistry data including total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), pH, fugacity of CO2, and other pertinent data (i.e., temperature, salinity, and levels of nitrate and chlorophyll a) were measured in surface waters of the East China Sea (ECS) shelf in July 2007. The results show that spatial variations in these parameters closely correspond to the distributions of various water types. The Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and Yellow Sea Water (YSW) areas are the two major sinks of atmospheric CO2; the Coastal Upwelling Water (CUW) area is the most important CO2 source, whereas the Kuroshio Water and Taiwan Current Warm Water areas are weak sources. The entire ECS acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2, with a flux of −2.4 to −4.3 mmol C m−2 d−1 during the study period. Identification of the CUW source area suggests that previous studies might have overestimated CO2 uptake by the ECS in summer. Our results further suggest that high biological production might be responsible for the strong sink in the CDW area but that high input of TA from the Huanghe River, which led to an elevated TA/DIC ratio, could have resulted in formation of a significant CO2 sink in the YSW area. The present data set represents the most comprehensive CO2 survey in the ECS to date and can thus be used as a baseline for monitoring future changes in the CO2 system arising from the construction of the Three Gorges Dam in the middle stretch of the Changjiang River.
Anthropogenic and natural contributions to regional trends in aerosol optical depth, 1980–2006
Authors: Streets David G. , Yan Fang , Chin Mian , Diehl Thomas , Mahowald Natalie , Schultz Martin , Wild Martin , Wu Ye , Yu Carolyne
Published: July 2009

Understanding the roles of human and natural sources in contributing to aerosol concentrations around the world is an important step toward developing efficient and effective mitigation measures for local and regional air quality degradation and climate change. In this study we test the hypothesis that changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over time are caused by the changing patterns of anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursors. We present estimated trends of contributions to AOD for eight world regions from 1980 to 2006, built upon a full run of the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model for the year 2001, extended in time using trends in emissions of man‐made and natural sources. Estimated AOD trends agree well (R > 0.5) with observed trends in surface solar radiation in Russia, the United States, south Asia, southern Africa, and East Asia (before 1992) but less well for Organization for Economic Co‐operative Development (OECD) Europe (R < 0.5). The trends do not agree well for southeast Asia and for East Asia (after 1992) where large‐scale inter‐ and intraannual variations in emissions from forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and dust storms confound our approach. Natural contributions to AOD, including forest and grassland fires, show no significant long‐term trends (<1%/a), except for a small increasing trend in OECD Europe and a small decreasing trend in South America. Trends in man‐made contributions to AOD follow the changing patterns of industrial and economic activity. We quantify the average contributions of key source types to regional AOD over the entire time period.
Heave of a surficial rock layer due to pressures generated by injected fluids
Authors: Selvadurai A. P. S.
Published: July 2009

This paper examines the problem of heave developed in a surface or caprock layer of a storage formation due to the injection of pressurized fluids at depth. The problem is of interest to the deep geologic disposal of hazardous wastes and the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide by injection. The paper develops a mathematical model that assumes elastic behavior of the storage medium while the surface rock layer is modeled as a thin plate. Elastic solutions are developed for the axisymmetric flexure deflections of the surface layer during internal pressurization over a flat circular region. The model provides a convenient tool for the preliminary estimation of the influence of injection pressures on the integrity of surface rock layers.
Single station determination of Rayleigh wave ellipticity by using the random decrement technique (RayDec)
Authors: Hobiger M. , Bard P.‐Y. , Cornou C. , Le Bihan N.
Published: July 2009

Rayleigh wave ellipticity as a function of frequency is closely linked to underground structure, i.e., shear wave velocity profile and sediment thickness. The possibility to calculate these underground properties by inverting ellipticity curves has recently been shown. We propose a new technique enabling the Rayleigh wave ellipticity to be recovered over a wide frequency range by using ambient noise recordings. Based on the random decrement technique commonly used to characterize dynamic parameters of buildings, this method eliminates all wave types except Rayleigh waves. We apply the method to noise synthetics simulated for different underground structures and show its applicability to real seismic noise data.
Variability in aerosol optical and physical characteristics over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea deduced from Ångström exponents
Authors: Kedia Sumita , Ramachandran S.
Published: July 2009

Spectral distribution of aerosol optical depths (AODs) measured in the 0.4–0.875 μm wavelength region using a Sun photometer over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during the 2006 premonsoon season are analyzed to obtain more interesting information on the physical and optical characteristics of aerosols. Examination of spectral AODs measured over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea by deriving the Ångström exponent (α) for the entire spectral range (0.4–0.875 μm), α for different spectral ranges, and second derivative (α′) showed that the aerosol size distribution is of mixed type or bimodal with contributions from fine and coarse modes. The α‐AOD relationships in short (0.4–0.5 μm), long (0.65–0.9 μm), and full (0.4–0.9 μm) spectral ranges determined for various aerosol models (urban, maritime clean, maritime polluted, and desert) suggest that the α‐AOD relationship can vary depending on whether the size distribution is unimodal, mixed type, or bimodal, similar to the results obtained for measured AOD spectra. Significant curvature in the ln AOD versus ln λ is observed which causes spectral variation in α derived in different spectral ranges. Over the Bay of Bengal for 76% of AOD spectra, α2 − α1 is >1, suggesting the presence of fine‐mode aerosols from a wide variety of fine‐mode fractions or a mixture of modes, while over the Arabian Sea, α2 − α1 is <1 for 84% of AOD spectra, clearly indicating the dominance of coarse‐mode aerosols. These characteristics can be used in modeling the regional and seasonal aerosol radiative effects and in remote sensing.
Detecting human interferences to low flows through base flow recession analysis
Authors: Wang Dingbao , Cai Ximing
Published: July 2009

Human activities directly and indirectly interfere with naturally occurring hydrologic processes. Indirect human interferences, such as those resulting from land use and land cover changes, have been studied and modeled in many watersheds throughout the world. These kinds of human interferences usually have considerable impacts on the rising and falling limbs and the peak of a hydrograph. Direct human interferences, such as water withdrawals and return flows, can affect the base flow recession process, which is not greatly affected by the land surface condition. Direct human interferences are usually assumed to be known but are difficult to observe and model. The withdrawals and return flows are frequently added to or subtracted from estimates of naturally occurring streamflow, underlying an assumed linear relationship between streamflow and water withdrawal and return flow. This paper presents an empirical analysis to incorporate groundwater pumping and return flow as variables in the recession process. This technique is subsequently applied to the Salt Creek Watershed, a highly urban watershed located in the Chicago area. On the basis of the historical streamflow observation during 1946–2006, the analysis provides results that explain the impact of the aforementioned direct human activities on the base flow recession process. Moreover, this empirical method allows estimates of human water uses, such as groundwater pumping and return flow, to be made as long as a sufficiently long term streamflow data record is available. This analysis is verified with the data from the Salt Creek Watershed and can also be applied to other watersheds subject to intensive human interferences.
What's in an 'is a' link?
Authors: Hogan William
Published: July 2009

IntroductionSeveral researchers have demonstrated that current medical terminologies and ontologies use relations in inconsistent and ambiguous ways,[1] despite Woods’ seminal work that first illustrated the problem.[2] The goal of the present work is to catalog the different ways in which SNOMED CT uses the is a relation. The rationale for creating the catalog is to serve as a basis for systematically improving the semantics of terminologies and ontologies so as to improve their accessibility to machine inference.

Methods

I reviewed the literature to find ontological mistakes that change the interpretation of the is a relation, without respect to any particular terminology. I then reviewed the stated relationships table of SNOMED CT, Jan 2009 version, placing them into categories from the literature, and creating new categories when existing categories did not apply.

Results

I found nine categories of misuse of the is a relation in SNOMED CT (see Table in poster), eight from the literature and one from my analysis. SNOMED CT had an example of every misuse found in the literature.

Discussion

The January 2009 version of SNOMED CT violates its intended interpretation of the is a relation, which is nearly identical to the definition of Smith et al.[1] I cataloged nine categories of misuse of is a, and found an example of each in SNOMED CT. This study demonstrates for the first time that (1) certain common ontological mistakes, not previously identified as causing misuse of is a, lead to ambiguity in the interpretation of is a, (2) the stated relationships of SNOMED CT are the source of mistakes in the use of the is a relation, (3) SNOMED CT has at least one example of every problem with is a elucidated from the broader literature.

References1. Smith B, Ceusters W, Klagges B, et al. Relations in biomedical ontologies. Genome Biol.2005;6(5):R46.2. Woods W. What's in a link: Foundations for semantic networks. In: Bobrow D, Collins A, eds. Representation and understanding. New York: Academic Press; 1975:35-82.
Metarel: An Ontology to Support the Inferencing of Semantic Web Relations within Biomedical Ontologies
Authors: Blondé Ward
Published: July 2009

Metarel allows the creation of millions of relational inferences in the RDF Knowledge Base BioGateway, by using five types of SPARUL closure queries. Metarel can be found at "http://www.metarel.org":http://www.metarel.org.
A set of ontologies to drive tools for the control of vector-borne diseases
Authors: Topalis Pantelis , Dialynas Emmanuel , Mitraka Elvira , Deliyanni Elena , Siden-Kiamos Inga , Louis Christos
Published: July 2009

We are developing a set of ontologies that deal with vector-borne diseases and the arthropod vectors that transmit them. For practical reasons (application priorities), we initiated this project with an ontology of insecticide resistance followed by a series of ontologies that describe malaria as well as physiological processes of mosquitoes that are relevant to, and involved in, disease transmission. These will be expanded to encompass other vector-borne diseases as well as non-mosquito vectors. The aim of the whole undertaking, which is worked out in the frame of the international IDO (Infectious Disease Ontology) project, is to provide the community with a set of ontological tools that can be used both in the development of specific databases and, most importantly, in the construction of decision support systems to control these diseases.