bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative acute correction versus postoperative gradual correction for tibial shaft fractures with multiplanar posttraumatic deformities using the hexapod external fixator
Authors: Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Zhang Xingpeng , Li Hong , Fu Xuefei , Zhang Tao , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: April 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in clinical outcomes, if any, between intraoperative acute correction and postoperative gradual correction for tibial shaft fractures with multiplanar posttraumatic deformities using the hexapod external fixator.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 58 consecutive patients with tibial shaft fractures treated by the hexapod external fixator at our institution from January 2015 to April 2019. Twenty-three patients (Group Ⅰ) underwent intraoperative acute correction, from January 2015 to October 2016. Starting in November 2016, the other 35 patients (Group Ⅱ) all underwent postoperative gradual correction. The demographic data, operation duration, original residual deformities before correction, residual deformities after correction, and external fixation time were collected and analyzed. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Johner-Wruhs criteria at the last clinical visit.Results: All patients achieved complete bone union with a mean time of 28.7±4.6 weeks (range 21 to 37 weeks) in Group Ⅰ and 27.9±4.8 weeks (range 19 to 38 weeks) in Group Ⅱ (P>0.05). The operation duration in Group Ⅰ (88.9±7.7 minutes) was longer than that in Group Ⅱ (61.9±8.4 minutes), and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in original residual deformities before correction and residual deformities after correction (P>0.05). The rate of postoperative complication was similar between the two groups. There was no statistical significance in demographic data and clinical outcomes between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: There is no difference in clinical outcomes between intraoperative acute correction and postoperative gradual correction for tibial shaft fractures with multiplanar posttraumatic deformities using the hexapod external fixator. Postoperative gradual correction may shorten the duration in the operation room and decrease the potential intraoperative risk.
Structural descriptor for enhanced spin-splitting in 2D hybrid perovskites
Authors: Jana Manoj , Song Ruyi , Xie Yi , Zhao Rundong , Sercel Peter , Blum Volker , Mitzi David
Published: April 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding optoelectronic materials and are potential hosts of Rashba/Dresselhaus spin-splitting for spin-selective transport and spin-orbitronics. However, a quantitative microscopic understanding of what controls the spin-splitting magnitude is generally lacking. Through crystallographic and first-principles studies on a broad array of chiral and achiral 2D perovskites, we demonstrate that a specific bond angle disparity connected with asymmetric tilting distortions of metal halide octahedra breaks local inversion symmetry and strongly correlates with computed spin-splitting. This distortion metric can serve as a crystallographic descriptor for rapid discovery of potential candidate materials with strong spin-splitting. Our work establishes that rather than global space group, local inorganic layer distortions induced via appropriate organic cations provide a key design principle to achieve strong spin-splitting in perovskites. New chiral perovskites reported here couple a sizeable spin-splitting with chiral degrees of freedom and offer a unique paradigm of potential interest for spintronics.
Selectivity of Guanine Scaffold in Anticancer Drug Development: A Computational Repurposing Approach
Authors: Sherin D. R. , Manojkumar T. K.
Published: April 2021

Drug repurposing is one of the modern techniques used in the drug discovery to find out the new targets for existing drugs. Insilico methods have a major role in this approach. We used 60 FDA approved antiviral drugs reported in the last 50 years to screen against different cancer cell receptors. The thirteen compounds selected after virtual screening are analyzed for their druggability based on ADMET parameters and found the selectivity of guanine derivatives- didanosine, entecavir, acyclovir, valganciclovir, penciclovir, ganciclovir and valacyclovir as suitable candidates. The pharmacophore model, AARR, suggested based on the common feature alignment, shows that the two fused rings as in guanine and two acceptors-one from keto-oxygen(A5) and other from the substituent attached to nitrogen of imidazole ring(A4) give the druggability to the guanine derivatives. The NBO analysis on N9 is indicative of charge distribution from the ring to substituents, which results in delocalization of negative character in most of the ligands. The molecular dynamics simulations also pointed out the importance of guanine scaffold, which stabilizes the ligands inside the binding pocket of the receptor. All these results are indicative of the selectivity of guanine scaffold in anticancer drug development, especially as PARP1 inhibitors in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. As these seven molecules are already approved by FDA, we can safely go for further preclinical trials.
Lake Urmia level in 2020 based on satellite altimetry
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the final output of the satellite altimetry on the surface of Lake Urmia is investigated. From 1995 onwards, the level of Lake Urmia has been declining. From 2015 to 2019, it has had a steady trend and there are not many changes, the main reason being the policies of reviving Lake Urmia. After 2019, there is an increase of about 1.5 meters, which is due to good rainfall this year, and after that, a decreasing trend is observed. In the middle of 2020, with the increase of precipitation, the level of the lake increases by about 20 cm and then reaches the level of 1271.5 meters again. However, after 2015, with the policies of Lake Urmia restoration, the downward trend has been controlled and the level has remained constant. However, these policies do not seem to be sufficient and there is a need to reconsider the water resources management in the region.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Algeria (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Algeria, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Cameroon (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Cameroon, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Chad (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Chad, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Ethiopia (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Ethiopia, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Cultura de paz nas escolas de educação infantil: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: RAMOS Rayciane Santos Suzart , MORAIS Aisiane Cedraz , FERREIRA Iandra Sara  dos Santos , SOUZA Sinara de Lima , CARVALHO Rosely Cabral de
Published: April 2021

Trata-se de um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão Diagnóstico da Violência e Estratégias de Construção da Paz nas Escolas Municipais de Feira de Santana-BA. O projeto de extensão é voltado a crianças quilombolas de três a cinco anos e seus familiares.Tem como objetivo descrever as atividades de um projeto extensionista realizado com crianças matriculadas na Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil em uma comunidade quilombola. A metodologia adotada foi a roda de conversa, apresentação da proposta e identificação dos fatores de risco relatados e proposição de atividades sobre prevenção da violência, noções básicas do corpo humano, higiene corporal e valores como ética, respeito e cooperação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de outubro de 2018 a julho de 2019. A realização dos encontros com as crianças proporcionou a promoção do pensamento crítico, além da participação e dinamicidade nas atividades elaboradas.
Hematologic complications in a patient with Glycine soja polyagglutination following fresh frozen plasma transfusion
Authors: Jajosky R.P. , Cook L.O. , Manaloor E. , Shikle J.F. , Bollag R.J.
Published: April 2021

Polyagglutination is a rare and underdiagnosed condition, characterized by agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) with almost all ABO-compatible adult sera. Polyagglutination can occur when a cryptantigen is exposed on RBCs via microbial enzyme activity. Because nearly all adults naturally produce antibodies against cryptantigens, transfusion of plasma can cause unexpected hemolysis and hematologic complications, such as thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, in patients whose cryptantigens are exposed. We report a case of Glycine soja polyagglutination occurring in a 60-year-old African-American man with disseminated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Prior to transfusion, the patient developed severe anemia of unknown etiology. Following transfusion of 3 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), his RBC count could not be determined for 24 days because of RBC agglutination in his blood sample. In addition, the FFP transfusion correlated with the rapid development of severe, transfusion-refractory thrombocytopenia and anemia. The perplexed clinical team consulted the blood bank. A direct antiglobulin test demonstrated 1+ mixed-field reactivity with both monoclonal anti-IgG and anti-C3d. Lectin panel testing showed reactivity with only Glycine soja, confirming the condition. Subsequently, plasma components were avoided, and RBC and platelet (PLT) components were washed prior to transfusion. After a 44-day hospitalization involving the transfusion of 22 units of RBCs and 13 units of PLTs, the patient was discharged to a long-term care facility. The patient’s confounding hematologic complications can best be explained by polyagglutination, which developed secondary to the severe MRSA infection. The FFP transfusion likely passively transferred antibodies that bound to the patient’s RBC cryptantigens, leading to RBC agglutination and anemia. The development of severe thrombocytopenia may be related to cryptantigen exposure on the patient’s PLTs. Although difficult to identify, polyagglutination needs to be recognized to appropriately manage hemotherapy. The purpose of this case study is to report hematologic complications following FFP transfusion in a patient with Glycine soja polyagglutination, a rarely described condition.
Immunohematology

2017;33:51–55.
Assessment of common red blood cell pretreatments to yield an accurate serologic antigen phenotype compared with genotype-predicted phenotype
Authors: Horn T. , Hamilton J. , Kosanke J. , Hare V.W. , Kluver W. , Beres W. , Nance S. , Keller M.A.
Published: April 2021

For patients requiring multiple transfusions and patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs), an extended red blood cell (RBC) phenotype can provide valuable information and help to determine the risk of forming alloantibodies. In some instances, the phenotype may be used for prophylactic matching. Phenotyping in this patient population is often hindered by the presence of circulating donor cells and/or by a positive DAT. Several methods, such as EDTA glycine acid (EGA) treatment to remove IgG, hypotonic saline wash to separate autologous RBCs, or reticulocyte separation, are often used in these situations to isolate patient RBCs for serologic phenotyping. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of each RBC pretreatment method by comparing serologically determined antigen types with those predicted by RBC genotyping. Forty-eight peripheral blood samples from recently transfused patients were phenotyped for selected antigens in the Rh, Kell, MNS, Duffy, and Kidd systems. Treatment methods for the sample sets were reticulocyte separation (N = 12), EGA (N = 16), and hypotonic saline wash (N = 20). DNA was extracted using standard methods, and genotyping was performed using the HEA BeadChip panel. In addition, 21 samples positive for RBC-bound IgG were EGA-treated up to two times. These samples were analyzed pre- and post-EGA treatment for RBC-bound IgG by tube DAT and by flow cytometry with fluorescein isothiocyanate–labeled anti-human IgG. After reticulocyte separation, 3 of the 12 samples had discordant types with one antigen each: Fyb, N, and K; serologic results were negative compared with genotype-predicted positive phenotype results. The EGA-treated sample set showed one discordant type: Fyb; serologic results were negative compared with genotype-predicted positive phenotype results. Four of the 20 samples had discordant types involving the following antigens: Fyb, N, e, and M; serologic results were negative compared with genotype-predicted positive phenotype results. After EGA treatment of 21 samples, 14 (67%) were negative for RBC-bound IgG by tube DAT, and 7 remained positive. Using flow cytometry, EGA treatment rendered only 4 samples negative, and 17 remained positive. In the antigen testing sample set of 48 samples, 10 of 511 total antigen types tested were discordant. Discordant types were most frequent in the hypotonic saline wash sample set (N = 6). In the flow cytometry sample set, 48 percent of the samples negative by tube DAT after EGA elution had detectable RBC-bound IgG by flow cytometry. These findings suggest that caution should be taken when using phenotype results from all pretreated RBCs and support the use of RBC genotyping to predict RBC antigen expression in samples from recently transfused patients.
Immunohematology

2017;33:147–151.
Distribution of blood groups in the Iranian general population
Authors: Shahverdi E. , Moghaddam M. , Talebian A. , Abolghasemi H.
Published: April 2021

We report the first study of antigen and phenotype prevalence within various blood group systems in the Iranian general population. In this retrospective study, samples from 3475 individuals referred to the Immunohematology Reference Laboratory of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran, for paternity testing from 1998 to 2008 were additionally tested for red blood cell (RBC) antigens in the Rh, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MNS, Lutheran, P1PK, and Xg blood group systems. The antigen testing was performed by the tube method, and the phenotype prevalences were expressed as percentages. Of 3475 (1857 male and 1618 female) blood samples, 1268 samples were typed as group O (36.49%), 1115 as group A (32.09%), 823 as group B (23.68%), and 269 as group AB (7.74%). In our sample population, 3152 (90.71%) samples were D+ and 323 (9.29%) were D–. Analysis of Rh antigen typing results showed e (3359; 96.66%) to be most prevalent in the Iranian population, followed by D (3152; 90.71%), C (2677; 77.04%), c (2557; 73.58%), and E (1059; 30.47%). In the Kell blood group system, 3293 (94.76%) samples were typed as K–k+. For the Kidd and Duffy blood group systems, the following were the most common phenotypes: Jk(a+b+) (1703; 49%), Jk(a+b–) (1006; 28.95%), Fy(a+b+) (1495; 43.02%), and Fy(a+b–) (1005; 28.92%). In the MNS blood group system, the following were the most common phenotypes: M+N+ (1668; 48%), M+N– (1310; 37.70%), S+s+ (1564; 45%), and S–s+ (1392; 40.06%). In the Lutheran and P1PK blood group systems, Lu(a–b+) and P1+ phenotypes were observed in 3292 (94.73%) and 1966 (56.58%) samples, respectively. The Xg antigen was present in 1953 (56.20%) samples versus 1522 (43.80%) samples identified as Xg(a–). Knowledge of the prevalence of RBC antigen phenotypes in a population can be useful in databank creation for providing antigen-negative compatible blood to patients with multiple alloantibodies.
Immunohematology

2016;32: 135–139.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction attributed to anti-Ata
Authors: Raval J.S. , Harm S.K. , Wagner B. , Triulzi D.J. , Yazer M.H.
Published: April 2021

Anti-Ata is a rare alloantibody that can be clinically significant. We report a case of a woman who, after emergency-released uncrossmatched red blood cell transfusion, experienced an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction attributed to anti-Ata. The case presented herein highlights the importance of recognizing that anti-Ata may indeed cause acute hemolytic reactions.
Immunohematology

2016;32:140–142.
A detailed flow cytometric method for detection of low-level in vivo red blood cell–bound IgG, IgA, and IgM
Authors: Beres W. , Meny G.M. , Nance S.
Published: April 2021

Flow cytometric methods are commonly used to analyze white blood cell surface antigen expression. We developed a flow cytometric method to detect red blood cell (RBC)-bound immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, and IgM. RBCs were washed; incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-IgG, -IgA, or -IgM; washed; and analyzed on the flow cytometer. The method was optimized by determining the dilution of FITC-conjugated anti-IgG, -IgA, and -IgM providing the greatest amount of fluorescence when tested with Ig-coated RBCs and the least amount of fluorescence when tested with naive RBCs. Tannic acid was used to prepare Ig-coated RBCs. Cross-reactivity of FITC-conjugated anti-IgG, -IgA, and -IgM with Ig-coated RBCs was evaluated, and a reference range was established. Use of this method may assist in clinical evaluation of patients who present with hemolysis and a negative direct antiglobulin test.
Immunohematology

2016;32:161–169.
Trends of ABO and Rh phenotypes in transfusion-dependent patients in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar N. , Borhany M. , Ansari S. , Khurram S. , Zaidi U. , Naseer I. , Nadeem M. , Shamsi T.
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ABO and Rh phenotypes in the general Pakistan population. This information could be used to help reduce the rate of alloimmunization in patients with blood disorders, such as thalassemia major, who require frequent blood transfusions. A total of 242 patients with blood disorders requiring frequent blood transfusions were enrolled in the study. ABO and Rh typing was performed on samples from these patients using tube and gel methods. Of these 242 patients, 146 (60.4%) were male and 96 (39.6%) were female. The prevalence of ABO and D phenotypes was as follows: group O, D+ (38.8%), group O, D– (2.5%), group B, D+ (32.2%), group A, D+ (17.4%), group A, D– (1.7%), and group AB, D+ (7.4%). Of the 242 patients, 232 (95.8%) were D+ and 10 (4.2%) were D–. The most prevalent Rh antigen was found to be e (97%), followed by D (95%), C (89.6%), c (62.8%), and lastly, E (22.6%). The prevalence of Rh phenotypes was: R1R1 (37.7%), R1r (33.4%), R1R2 (19.4%), R2r (5.2%), and rr (4.3 %). All of the D– patients were rr. In our study, the highest prevalence of ABO phenotypes was group O and the most prevalent Rh antigen was e. Rh phenotyping, along with antibody screening and identification should be performed prior to transfusion of patients requiring multiple transfusions to reduce and possibly prevent the rate of alloimmunization.
Immunohematology

2016;32:170–173.
O quadro normativo do fechamento de mina e a gestão de minas abandonadas no Brasil e no Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Fernandes Patrícia Rocha Maciel , Lima Hernani Mota de
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma avaliação do quadro normativo do Brasil, mais especificamente do Estado de Minas Gerais, quanto ao fechamento de minas e a gestão de minas abandonadas, decorrentes de um fechamento prematuro ou mal planejado. Mina abandonada é uma mina que o processo de fechamento está incompleto ou ausente, com a atividade de extração mineral inativa, sem previsão de reinício da atividade, sem medidas de controle ou monitoramento ambiental implementadas, apresentando características de abandono. A consulta e a análise das principais leis ordinárias e as normas infralegais federais e estaduais, relativas ao meio ambiente e mineração constituíram a base para realização deste estudo, assim como a consulta a banco de dados de minas abandonadas e os processos ambientais do Estado de Minas de Gerais, com visitas às minas para vistoria in loco. O artigo aponta que embora as regulamentações sobre fechamento de mina no Brasil sejam recentes, ocorreram avanços, com o estabelecimento da etapa de fechamento de mina no novo decreto do Código de Minas, no ano de 2018 e a modernização da legislação sobre o tema no Estado de Minas Gerais, neste mesmo ano. Entretanto, o ordenamento legal não está sendo concretizado em uma política pública efetiva pelos órgãos competentes, com a inexistência de um programa para a inibição do surgimento de minas abandonadas ou acompanhamento das minas abandonadas já identificadas.
Avaliação da germinação de milho e feijão sob efeito de biofertilizantes
Authors: Vaso Larissa Maria , Bitencourt Gislayne de Araujo , Guidorissi Natália da Silva , Flores Jaine Pereira
Published: April 2021

Os biofertilizantes de origem animal, apresentam alto teor de nutrientes que possibilitam seu uso na adubação vegetal. No entanto, para ser utilizado é necessária sua caracterização química, pois podem apresentar efeitos indesejados de toxicidade para o solo e plantas. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito de dois biofertilizantes (bovino e ovino) sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial de milho e feijão por meio de teste ecotoxicológico. Os biofertilizantes bovino e ovino foram diluídos utilizando água deionizada nas concentrações de: 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 mL.L-1. As caixas tipo gerbox foram forradas com papel de filtro umedecido com 7 mL de solução de biofertilizante e 18 sementes foram distribuídas em cada caixa, onde permaneceram em câmara de crescimento a 25 oC, com fotoperíodo de 12 h, por cinco dias. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em fatorial 2 x 5 (biofertilizantes x concentrações) com três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de raiz e de parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O aumento no comprimento de raiz de milho foi verificado em ambos os biofertilizantes na concentração de 150 mL.L-1. A concentração de 600 mL.L-1 do biofertilizante bovino promoveu maior porcentagem da germinação de feijão comparado ao ovino. Porém, os maiores valores de comprimento de parte aérea e de raiz foram observados no ovino para a mesma concentração. Os biofertilizantes não apresentaram efeitos tóxicos na germinação e crescimento de ambas as espécies.
Processos biológicos para o tratamento de efluentes: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Débora Carvalho da Silva , Azevedo Paulo Gabriel Ferreira de , Cavalcanti Luiz Antônio Pimentel
Published: April 2021

O aumento das atividades industriais juntamente com um crescimento exponencial da população mundial, tem gerado grandes quantidades de efluentes contaminados por resíduos orgânicos, que costumam ser descartados nos corpos hídricos sem o devido tratamento, provocando a contaminação e poluição de rios e lagos. A fim de mitigar os impactos ambientais causados por esses lançamentos, os métodos de tratamento biológico, divididos em aeróbios e anaeróbios, têm sido amplamente estudados e empregados, apresentando resultados satisfatórios no tratamento das águas residuais. O presente trabalho traz uma revisão integrativa e apresentação de diversos resultados encontrados na literatura entre os anos de 2015 a 2021, indexados nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Scielo e Science Direct, através de descritores em português e inglês, sobre os processos de tratamento biológico. Foram utilizados 30 artigos e 24 trabalhos monográficos, referentes ao tema proposto. Dos quais, 18 artigos foram selecionados para a apresentação dos resultados durante a discussão. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo mostraram que as maiores eficiências do tratamento biológico foram evidenciadas nos sistemas em que os processos aeróbios e anaeróbios atuaram em conjunto.
A general definition of $JT_a$ -- deformed QFTs
Authors: Anous Tarek , Guica Monica
Published: April 2021

We propose a general path-integral definition of two-dimensional quantum field theories deformed by an integrable, irrelevant vector operator constructed from the components of the stress tensor and those of a U(1) current. The deformed theory is obtained by coupling the original QFT to a flat dynamical gauge field
and ``half'' a flat dynamical vielbein. The resulting partition function is shown to satisfy a geometric flow equation, which perfectly reproduces the flow equations for the deformed energy levels that were previously derived in the literature. The S-matrix of the deformed QFT differs from the original S-matrix only by an overall phase factor that depends on the charges and momenta of the external particles, thus supporting the conjecture that such QFTs are UV complete, although intrinsically non-local. For the special case of an integrable QFT, we check that this phase factor precisely reproduces the change in the finite-size spectrum via the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations.
3d N=4 Bootstrap and Mirror Symmetry
Authors: Chang Chi-Ming , Fluder Martin , Lin Ying-Hsuan , Shao Shu-Heng , Wang Yifan
Published: April 2021

We investigate the non-BPS realm of 3d {N} = 4N=4
superconformal field theory by uniting the non-perturbative methods of
the conformal bootstrap and supersymmetric localization, and utilizing
special features of 3d {N} = 4N=4
theories such as mirror symmetry and a protected sector described by
topological quantum mechanics (TQM). Supersymmetric localization allows
for the exact determination of the conformal and flavor central charges,
and the latter can be fed into the mini-bootstrap of the TQM to solve
for a subset of the OPE data. We examine the implications of the
Z_2Z2
mirror action for the SCFT single- and mixed-branch crossing equations
for the moment map operators, and apply numerical bootstrap to obtain
universal constraints on OPE data for given flavor symmetry groups. A
key ingredient in applying the bootstrap analysis is the determination
of the mixed-branch superconformal blocks. Among other results, we show
that the simplest known self-mirror theory with
SU(2) \times SU(2)SU(2)×SU(2)
flavor symmetry saturates our bootstrap bounds, which allows us to
extract the non-BPS data and examine the self-mirror
Z_2Z2
symmetry thereof.
Os Principais Desafios para a Popularização de Práticas Inovadoras de Agricultura Inteligente
Authors: Sordi Victor Fraile , Vaz Sara Cristiane Machado
Published: April 2021

A agricultura inteligente (Smart Farming), ciência que combina as vantagens oferecidas pelas inovadoras tecnologias da chamada agricultura 4.0, com a indústria agrícola já consolidada, oferece uma nova concepção de fazenda, com intensiva aplicação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Suas práticas são reconhecidas como saída para o crescente desafio de produzir mais alimentos utilizando menos recursos, além de satisfazer a novos e exigentes padrões de consumo mais sustentáveis. Embora os potenciais benefícios da popularização desse novo modelo de fazenda sejam reconhecidos, há ainda uma série de gargalos e desafios a serem superados para que essas práticas sejam implementadas e disseminadas pelo Brasil e pelo mundo. Este estudo buscou identificar os principais desafios a serem superados para a popularização dessas práticas. Empregou-se uma revisão sistemática integrativa de publicações disponíveis nas bases de dados: Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct; Spell e Scielo. Os resultados apontam que os principais desafios são: (1) Infraestrutura Digital, (2) Qualificação, (3) Insegurança e Desconfiança, (4) Integração e Customização e (5) Capital e Crédito.
Percepção de Nutricionistas sobre Aquisição de Produtos da Agricultura Familiar para a Alimentação Escolar no Território de Cidadania Noroeste Colonial/RS
Authors: Viccari Charlise dos Santos , Andriolli Elaine Marisa , Cassel Bueno Marilene , Flores Antonio Joreci , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos
Published: April 2021

A Lei nº 11.947/2009 garante a Alimentação Escolar para os alunos de toda educação básica pública e exige que do total dos recursos repassados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação para os municípios ou estados, pelo menos 30% sejam utilizados para a aquisição de produtos oriundos da agricultura familiar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a percepção dos nutricionistas frente as dificuldades encontradas para a compra de alimentos dos agricultores familiares e os benefícios que essa Lei trouxe para cada município.do Território Noroeste Colonial – RS. Estudo descritivo de caráter qualitativo, onde foram entrevistados os nutricionistas dos três municípios com maior e com menor percentual de compra da agricultura familiar no ano de 2014. As entrevistas foram realizadas no período de maio a setembro de 2016, individualmente no ambiente de trabalho destes profissionais, as quais foram gravadas, posteriormente transcritas e analisadas.  Todos os entrevistados afirmaram que o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar fortalece a Agricultura Familiar local, além de gerar mais emprego e renda para o município, destacam que com o Programa os alunos recebem uma alimentação de melhor qualidade e mais saudável. Dentre as principais dificuldades encontra-se a falta de organização por parte dos produtores e questões burocráticas. Portanto, na percepção das nutricionistas entrevistadas esta Lei beneficiou alunos e agricultores da região e as principais dificuldades encontradas foram os processos burocráticos, organização da produção e inspeção sanitária.
Ki a migráns? A jelenkori magyar társadalmat érintő migrációs folyamatok összegzése
Authors: Gazsó Dániel
Published: April 2021

A népvándorlás központi témává vált Magyarországon is az elmúlt évtizedekben. Jelentőségét az emigráció gazdasági és népesedési folyamatokra gyakorolt hatásaitól, az agyelszívástól, a fiatal, képzett munkaerő külföldre vándorlásától való félelmek mellett tovább fokozta a 2010-es évek közepén felerősödő menekülthullám. A kivándorlás mellett a bevándorlás kérdése is meghatározó lett a magyarországi migrációs politikában. Ezzel egyidejűleg a „migráns” kifejezés minden eddiginél tágabb és érzelmileg túlfűtöttebb jelentéstartalommal terjedt el a hazai köztudatban. De ki a migráns valójában? Kik, honnan, mikor és miért jöttek Magyarországra? Mennyien maradtak itt? Mit jelez a számuk és a teljes népességen belüli arányuk nemzetközi viszonylatban? Hogyan alakult a magyarországi bevándorlás mérete és szerkezete a rendszerváltástól napjainkig? Mikor, hányan, hova és miért vándoroltak el Magyarországról? Közülük mennyien tértek vissza? A jelenkori magyar emigráció milyen szociodemográfiai jellemzőkkel bír? Milyen a kivándorlók kor és nemek szerinti összetétele, családi állapota, végzettsége? Melyek a legfőbb elvándorlási és visszavándorlási szándékot meghatározó vonzó és taszító tényezők Magyarországon? Tanulmányomban ezekre a kérdésekre keresem a választ. Célom, hogy a meglévő hazai és nemzetközi statisztikák, valamint a témában releváns kutatások eredményeinek másodelemzése révén átfogó és strukturált képet nyújtsak a jelenkori magyar társadalmat érintő migrációs folyamatokról.
Correlations between Online Learning Media Types, First Access Time, Access Frequency, and Students’ Achievement in a Flipped Classroom Implementation
Authors: Sengkey Daniel Febrian , Paturusi Sary Diane Ekawati , Sambul Alwin Melkie
Published: April 2021

Since the 1960s, the world has seen how Information Technology (IT) influences education. In the present era, with the massive development of the Internet, various kinds of IT-assisted learning are popping up like mushrooms in the rainy season. However, no matter how advanced IT-assisted learning has been grown, learning media is still an inseparable part of education. In this study, we specifically present how the use of certain types of learning media correlated with students’ access behaviors and, more importantly, students’ achievement. The result shows that these factors have a positive correlation. In terms of media type influence towards students’ achievement, the media that has the appearance of the lecturer gives better achievement, compared to the media that only has audio, and the media that only consists of text and images.
Application of optical properties in water purification quality testing
Authors: Eid Mohamed M. M. , EL-Bialee N. M. , Elhegazy Hosam , El-Khatib S. I. , Hassan H. E.
Published: April 2021

The current study was performed to test filtration media system performance on quality of water purification and to evaluate optical properties, such as reflection, transmission and absorption intensities for filtered water using a spectrophotometer operating in the range 350–400 nm. Head losses through filtration system at the experiments were equal to 20, 40, and 60 kPa. With the progress of the filtration process and increase in different head loss (from 20 to 60 kPa), both the content of total suspended solid and turbidity in optical properties intensities for filtrated water increased, together with the water cloudiness. It is shown that the intensity of optical properties can be considered a reliable indicator that to determine the need for backwashing of the filtration system.
Status Mutu Air Sungai Cibeureum, Kota Cimahi
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Nasional, Hermawan Yanfa Irham , Wardhani Eka ,   Institut Teknologi Nasional
Published: April 2021

Sungai Cibeureum merupakan salah satu Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum yang melintasi dua wilayah yaitu Kota Bandung dan Kota Cimahi. DAS Cibeureum berada di Kecamatan Cimahi Selatan melewati Kelurahan Cibeureum, Kelurahan Melong dan berbatasan dengan Kelurahan Cijerah, Kota Bandung. Kelurahan Cibeureum dan Kelurahan Cijerah memiliki kepadatan penduduk tinggi, yaitu 225 jiwa.ha-1 dan 282 jiwa.ha-1, sedangkan Kelurahan Melong memiliki kepadatan rendah yaitu 91 jiwa.ha-1. Wilayah tersebut berpotensi memiliki resiko sanitasi terutama terkait pengelolaan air limbah. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis dan menghitung status mutu air Sungai Cibeureum sehingga diketahui tingkat pencemaran yang terjadi di Sungai Cibereum. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung status mutu air Sungai Cibeureum yaitu Indeks Pencemaran. Kualitas air sungai dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas II Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Terdapat 15 parameter yang dianalisis dimana sample air diambil di 3 lokasi pada musim pancaroba, kemarau dan hujan. Berdasarkan analisis diketahui bahwa BOD5, COD, TSS, dan fecal coliform merupakan parameter utama penyebab pencemaran sungai. Hampir semua status mutu air Sungai Cibeureum pada berbagai musim dan lokasi memiliki indeks tercemar berat. Musim hujan memiliki skor Indeks Pencemaran paling tinggi dibanding dengan musim lainnya, yaitu sebesar 13.67 di bagian hulu, 16.65 di bagian tengah, dan 14.15 di bagian hilir sungai.
Estimasi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sektor Pertanian, Perkebunan, dan Peternakan di Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau
Authors:   Universitas Riau, Sasmita Aryo , Isnaini Isnaini ,   Universitas Riau, Zustika Rizki ,   Universitas Riau
Published: April 2021

Pertanian merupakan sektor yang berkontribusi besar dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten Kampar. Namun di sisi lain, sektor pertanian ini termasuk di dalamnya peternakan dan perkebunan turut menyumbang 8% dari emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) Nasional Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai emisi gas rumah kaca di sektor pertanian, perkebunan, dan peternakan di Kabupaten Kampar. Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan emisi menggunakan metode Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 dan 2019 Refinement to the 2006 dengan pendekatan Tier 1. Emisi GRK dihitung dari kegiatan penanaman padi, penggunaan pupuk, pengelolaan tanah, pengelolaan kotoran hewan, dan hasil fermentasi enterik dari proses pencernaan hewan. Data didapat dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Kampar yang telah dikonfirmasi oleh Dinas Pertanian, Tanaman Pangan, dan Hortikultura. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa emisi GRK di Kabupaten Kampar dari sektor pertanian dan perkebunan adalah sebesar 297.15 Gg CO2 ekivalen per tahun, sedangkan emisi GRK dari sektor peternakan sebesar 14,012.24 Gg CO2 ekivalen per tahun. Emisi GRK total dari sektor pertanian, perkebunan dan peternakan tahun 2019 adalah sebesar 14,309.39 Gg CO2 ekivalen per tahun, dimana sektor peternakan berkontribusi paling besar sebesar 97.92%.
PENANGANAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KOPI DENGAN METODE KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN ALAMI BIJI ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA L.)
Authors:   Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Jember, Novita Elida , Salim Moh. ,   Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Jember, Pradana Hendra ,   Magister Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Pertanian/Alam dan Lingkungan, Pascasarjana, Universitas Jember
Published: April 2021

Proses pengolahan kopi basah menghasilkan air limbah yang mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi dan berpotensi mencemari air dan tanah. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk penanganan air limbah pengolahan kopi adalah proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Faktor utama terjadinya proses koagulasi flokulasi adalah koagulan. Biji asam jawa berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai koagulan sebab mengandung protein yang cukup tinggi dan diharapkan dapat berperan sebagai polielektrolit yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan koagulasi-flokulasi terbaik dalam memperbaiki kualitas air limbah pengolahan kopi berdasarkan ukuran dan dosis koagulan dari biji asam jawa. Preparasi koagulan dari biji asam jawa dilakukan dengan tahapan pengeringan hingga mencapai kadar air 10% dan pengecilan ukuran mesh 80 (0,177 mm), 100 (0,149 mm), dan 150 (0,098 mm). Kecepatan yang digunakan pada proses koaguasi yaitu 300 rpm pengadukan cepat selama 1 menit dan 50 rpm pengadukan lambat selama 15 menit. Dosis yang digunakan yaitu 1500 mg/L, 2500 mg/L, dan 3500 mg/L. Indikator yang diamati yaitu TSS, TDS, kekeruhan, dan COD. Metode pengolahan data menggunakn uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan serbuk biji asam jawa dengan perlakuan ukuran mesh 150 dan dosis 1500 mg/L merupakan alternatif tertinggi dalam menurunkan konsentrasi bahan pencemar pada air limbah pengolahan kopi. Kombinasi tersebut menghasilkan nilai efisiensi penurunan parameter TSS, TDS, kekeruhan, dan COD secara berurutan yaitu 79,24 %; 82,74 %; 61,79 %; dan 61,63 %. Biji asam jawa dalam bentuk serbuk berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai koagulan alami dalam penanganan air limbah pengolahan kopi menggunakan metode koagulasi-flokulasi. Kata kunci: Biji Asam Jawa; Flokulasi; Koagulasi; Kopi
La paz que nunca llega
Authors: Botero Camacho Manuel
Published: April 2021

Tras la aparente paz que vivió Colombia con el fin de las guerras de carteles, la generación que creció a la sombra del horror se reencuentra con su pasado. Quienes fueran niños entonces y crecieron con el ruido de las bombas, las ambulancias y los noticieros, ahora convertidos en escritores, testigos de excelencia, articulan sus temores, sus lecturas y sus traumas. Más allá de permanecer en el lugar común de la novela negra hispanoamericana, que pone en evidencia la desconfianza en las instituciones y en la autoridad, estos autores describen una desconfianza en la paz prometida; una convicción de que nunca existió y que, acaso, nunca llegue ser una realidad. En el caso de El ruido de las cosas al caer (Vásquez 2011) se expresan, en una Bogotá contemporánea, los rastros y herencias de la violencia del narcotráfico; en el caso de La casa de la belleza (Escobar de Nogales, 2015), se describe una Bogotá que nunca abandonó realmente la violencia, en donde la corrupción, el crimen y la impunidad se han convertido en la norma. Este escrito propone, de acuerdo con lo que despiertan las dos novelas, discutir si la generación descrita ha perdido en realidad la esperanza.
Comparison of Preferred Real-Ear Insertion Gain between Open- and Closed-Canal Fitting Hearing Aids
Authors: Jo Hyeryeong , Kong Hyekyung , Shin Suyeon , Lee Mikyung , Kim Kwangjae , Lee Hyungoo , Ahn Soohyun , Lee Kyoungwon
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To calculate the real-ear insertion gain (REIG) according to the types of hearing aids, we evaluated the preferred REIGs of Korean hearing-impaired listeners and psychoacoustic differences between open-canal fitting (OF) and closed-canal fitting (CF).Methods: The subjects with sensorineural hearing loss were divided into OF group (4 monaural fittings, 15 binaural fittings with 34 ears), and CF group (8 monaural fittings, 13 binaural fittings with 34 ears). There were no statistical differences in hearing threshold level (HTL) at each octave frequencies, word recognition score (WRS) and Korean Adaptation of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (K-IOI-HA) between the two groups. When there was no need for further electroacoustic adjustment of the hearing aid, sharpness and occlusion of amplified sound, clarity of sentence, and loudness of noise were evaluated based on the everyday experience. And REIGs with international speech test signal and WRS in sound-treated room were measured.Results: Preferred REIG for HTL was low for OF compared to CF in 0.5 kHz and 0.75 kHz at input SPL of 55 dB, 0.5 kHz at 60 dB SPL, 0.25 kHz and 0.5 kHz at 80 dB SPL. However, there were no differences in aided WRS and psychoacoustics between the two groups.Conclusion: In this study, the preferred REIG of OF and CF groups showed a difference under 0.75 kHz although there were no psychoacoustic differences between the two groups. Therefore, the results of this study should be considered when formulating Korean-type hearing aid fitting formula.