bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF DI SMP NEGERI 4 JELAI HULU
Authors: Pasaribu Rhendivan , Radiana Usman , Wicaksana Luhur , Dominico Panggoning Salarasati Claudi
Published: December 2023

This research illustrates the important role of the head of school in providing inclusive education in remote areas. School leaders have a central role to play in leading schools towards a vision of inclusive mission, influencing teacher performance, and creating an inclusive educational environment. Effective school leaders are able to analyze situations, make strategic decisions, and design inclusive educational programs that are tailored to the needs of students with special needs. School leaders also play a role in motivating and empowering teachers to support inclusive education. However, challenges such as limited resources and infrastructure in remote areas can affect the implementation of inclusion. Through a qualitative approach with interviews, observations, and documentation, the study obtained data on the role of the head of school in the development of inclusive education programs. The data shows that the head of the school has good managerial skills in managing teachers, designing inclusive programs, and regulating the distribution of teachers' duties. This inclusive education program includes the strengthening of the role of a special accompanying teacher, structured learning for students with special needs, fundraising and facilities, and improved teacher well-being. The leadership of the head of school in this inclusive education also requires close cooperation between all stakeholders, including teachers, parents, and other relevant parties. Despite the challenges, this study demonstrates the importance of the role of the head of school in achieving equal and inclusive education in remote areas
MANAJEMEN EKSTRAKURIKULER PRAMUKA UNTUK MEMBENTUK KARAKTER KEPEMIMPINAN DI SMP NEGERI 30 MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Khoirul Abdillah Muhamad , Muspawi Muspawi
Published: December 2023

The large number of cases of abuse of power committed by leaders is a big challenge for future generations of the nation. Instilling leadership character in student needs to be implemented from now on. Character cultivation can be done at school, one example is by taking part in extracurricular activities in scouts. The role of scouting activities has a huge influence on the development of students' character, from discipline to love of the country. One of the schools that has implemented mandatory extracurricular activities is SMP Negeri 30 Muaro Jambi. This research intends to look for an overview of good management strategies to shape leadership character through scout extracurriculars. The research method uses qualitative research, data will be obtained descriptively. The data obtained was obtained from school principals and scout leaders as informants. Implementation was carried out from August to October, research was carried out on student activities both indoors and outdoors. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The implementation of scout extracurricular management strategies to shape leadership character at SMP Negeri 30 Muaro Jambi goes through four stages, namely planning, organizing, implementing, supervising. The planning stage begins with recruitment by the school principal, preparing a work program, and preparing materials. Organizing is carried out by giving responsibility to the parties concerned, namely the principal, deputy principal for student affairs, homeroom teacher, and scoutmaster. Implementation is carried out once a week and the camp activity program is carried out 3 times a year. Supervision is carried out to analyze scout extracurricular activities so that the next activities will be carried out even better
Electronic Word-of-Mouth Analysis and its Impact on Purchase Decisions: Studies on “Millennial and Z” Generation
Authors: Slamet  , Ulil Albab Ahmad
Published: December 2023

The consumer purchase decision is a significant factor for a company as it concerns revenue and long-term operational continuity. This study aimed to measure the factors of electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and its impact on consumer purchase decisions in the marketplace Shopeefood. It employed a quantitative approach paradigm. The research instrument was a questionnaire containing 15 items measured with the Likert scale model. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling approach covering millennial and Z-generation consumers. The primary data were obtained through surveys. A total of 107 respondents contributed to this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression. The results indicated that most (71.40%) of consumers open the Shopeefood application, and 91.34% access information about the products, reviews, and ratings before making a transaction. A total of 72.66% of consumers have a positive experience from previous transactions. Hypothesis testing partially showed that the intensity parameter does not affect the purchase decision. Meanwhile, the content parameter and the valence of opinion simultaneously affect and contribute 30.30% to the purchase decision.
ESTADO DEL ARTE SOBRE LA OCURRENCIA Y REMOCIÓN DE IBUPROFENO UTILIZANDO TECNOLOGÍA DE MEMBRANAS
Authors: Alvarez Bayona María Angélica , Gallardo Amaya Romel , Afanador García Nelson
Published: December 2023

La presencia de Contaminantes Emergentes (CE) en el ambiente y especialmente en el agua, es debida principalmente al uso diario y creciente de productos de cuidado personal, farmacéuticos y compuestos disruptores endocrinos. Los CE, aun en concentraciones del orden de nanogramos por litro (ng/L), son capaces de generar serios daños potenciales en la salud y en los ecosistemas. El ibuprofeno es un CE del grupo farmacéutico, ampliamente utilizado y de venta libre, lo cual hace que sea de fácil acceso. Esta investigación, realiza una recopilación de algunos estudios a nivel mundial que han reportado la presencia del ibuprofeno a niveles de traza, en el agua superficial, subterránea, efluentes y afluentes de las plantas de tratamiento de agua residual e incluso en el agua potable; así como los porcentajes de remoción que se han obtenido al utilizar tratamientos avanzados, la tecnología de membranas.
Deviant acts in the use of ChatGPT: An analytical study of student behaviour
Authors: Purwasih Wahyu , Sahnan Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Technological progress is indeed a necessity. However, the sophistication of existing technology is unfortunately not accompanied by the maturity of its users, especially students. Use ChatGPT in every task. Thus causing a decrease in creativity and a lack of originality in the work. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. Data were collected using participatory observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions. The results showed that the negative impact of using ChatGPT is over-reliance, which causes students to be unable to think critically, lack problem-solving skills, have decreased social interaction, and are vulnerable to receiving information bias. The treatment for students who are already addicted to using ChatGPT includes recognizing the signs of addiction that arise, collaborating with professional experts such as psychologists or counselors, training students to think critically and independently, and providing alternative activities that encourage them to participate in social activities. This research still needs improvement. So it needs some further development. These are some suggestions from this study: Investigate the psychological impact of students using ChatGPT, Design an Academic Curriculum by Collaborating with AI, and Develop an evaluation system that combines authentic tasks and the use of ChatGPT.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a 0.5% Chlorhexidine gluconate teat dip
Authors: Boddie R. L. , Watts J. L. , Nickerson S. C.
Published: December 2023

The activity of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate postmilking teat germicide in reducing the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae on the skin of excised teats from cows was determined. The product yielded logarithmic reductions of 4.09 and 4.10 against S aureus and Str agalactiae, respectively, compared with 3.80 and 3.81 reductions, using a 1% iodophor dip. Germicide tolerance to an organic load containing Serratia marcescens or Pseudomonas spp was also determined. Organisms were not recovered from the product 8 hours after introduction of a simulated organic load containing either species of bacteria. The germicide was further evaluated against S aureus and Str agalactiae, using experimental challenge-exposure procedures in a research dairy herd. Efficacy was 73.4% (P < 0.001) against S aureus and 68.1% (P < 0.005) against Str agalactiae.
Condemnation of beef because of Sarcocystis hirsuta infection
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Udtujan R. M. , Cannon L. , Lindsay D. S.
Published: December 2023

Carcasses from 18 Holstein cows from Nevada, California, and Oregon were condemned because of grossly visible sarcocysts of Sarcocystis hirsuta. Sarcocysts were white to dull white, 2 to 7 mm long, and approximately 1 mm wide. Sarcocysts were most numerous in muscles of diaphragm, flank, and limbs and were able to infect laboratory-raised cats.
Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava from stillborn and weak pigs in lowa
Authors: Bolin Carole A. , Cassells James A.
Published: December 2023

Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava was isolated from a herd of swine in Iowa with a history of stillborn and weak neonatal pigs. Placentas, kidneys, and lungs of stillborn and weak pigs from 3 litters were processed to detect leptospires by use of bacteriologic culture and fluorescent antibody testing. Sera from stillborn and weak pigs were tested to detect agglutinating antibody against leptospires. A low antibody titer against L interrogans serovar bratislava was detected in the sera of stillborn and weak pigs. Small numbers of leptospires were sometimes detected in tissues by use of the fluorescent antibody test. Serovar bratislava was isolated from placentas, stillborn pigs or weak pigs from each of the 3 litters.
Changes in blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood during storage
Authors: Szenci Ottó , Besser Thomas
Published: December 2023

The stability of blood gas and acid-base values in bovine venous blood samples (n = 22) stored on ice for 3, 6, 9, or 24 hours was studied. Values studied include pH, PO2 and PCO2 tensions, base excess, standard base excess, bicarbonate concentration, standard bicarbonate concentration, total carbon dioxide content, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin. The results indicate that, except for PCO2, changes in blood gas and acid-base values during 24 hours of storage and differences between cattle of differing ages, rectal temperatures, and acid-base status were too small to be of clinical significance. Therefore, bovine venous blood samples stored up to 24 hours on ice are of diagnostic utility.
Distribution of equine infectious anemia in equids in southeastern United States
Authors: Loftin Martha Kathlynne , Levine Jay F. , McGinn Tom , Coggins Leroy
Published: December 2023

State veterinarians in 11 southeastern states completed a questionnaire designed to determine the proportion of equids in the region that were seropositive for equine infectious anemia (eia). Cases of eia were diagnosed in each of the states surveyed. Distinct geographic clusters of cases were apparent in Tennessee and Kentucky adjacent to the Mississippi River, in the Piedmont of North Carolina at the Virginia border, in north central Georgia, and throughout the Florida peninsula. It is suggested that the national eia program could be improved by standardization and wider application of uniform active surveillance measures, and improved documentation of eia status of horses on acquisition and transfer records.
Accuracy of radiography of the reticulum for predicting surgical findings in adult dairy cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis: 123 cases (1981-1987)
Authors: Fubini S. L. , Yeager A. E. , Mohammed H. O. , Smith D. F.
Published: December 2023

Radiographic and surgical findings were compared in 123 cattle suspected of having traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Radiography of the reticulum proved to be a sensitive test for detection of a foreign body (fb). An abnormal fb position on a radiograph was a good predictor of fb perforation. If an fb was fully attached to a magnet, it was unlikely to be perforating the reticular wall. When abnormal reticulum size, abnormal reticulum location, and gas shadows adjacent to the reticulum were found simultaneously on a radiograph, hepatic or perireticular abscess was likely. Reticular radiography proved to be a useful diagnostic aid in cattle suspected of having traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
Soft tissue- and bone-phase scintigraphy for diagnosis of navicular disease in horses
Authors: Trout Donald R. , Hornof William J. , O'Brien Timothy R.
Published: December 2023

Radiography and soft tissue- and bone-phase scintigraphy were performed on 14 clinically normal horses and 35 horses in which definite, probable, or possible navicular disease had been diagnosed. The specificity of radiography and scintigraphy in revealing signs of navicular disease were nearly equal; however, the sensitivity of scintigraphy appeared to be greater than that of radiography. The greatest sensitivity and specificity were achieved when the results of radiography and scintigraphy were evaluated together. Differences in sensitivity were greatest when scintigraphy revealed lesions not detected by radiography. Although a diagnosis of navicular disease was sometimes made when only soft tissue-phase or only bone-phase scintigraphy revealed lesions, results obtained during the 2 phases generally were similar. It was concluded that scintigraphy can be a valuable aid in diagnosing navicular disease in horses, especially when radiographic findings do not support clinical findings.
Juvenile-onset polyarthritis syndrome in Akitas
Authors: Dougherty S. A. , Center S. A. , Shaw E. E. , Erb H. A.
Published: December 2023

Two young Akitas were examined because of manifestation of a juvenile-onset form of polyarthritis. A search of medical records at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine found 6 more similarly affected Akitas. The clinical manifestations were marked by cyclic febrile illness and signs of profound joint-related pain. Two dogs had concurrent aseptic meningitis. The syndrome resembles juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in human beings, although it shares features with systemic lupus erythematosus. Pedigree analysis of affected Akitas supported a heritable component to the syndrome. Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs was effective in 2 dogs that achieved complete remission, and in 2 dogs that achieved only partial remission. Classification of this syndrome is difficult and may represent an “overlap” syndrome commonly described in human beings.
Proventriculotomy to relieve foreign body impaction in ostriches
Authors: Honnas Clifford M. , Jensen James , Cornick Janyce L. , Hicks Karen , Kuesis Bruce S.
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to identify the clinical signs associated with impaction of the proventriculus in ostriches, to identify diagnostic aids, and to develop a surgical procedure for management of the disorder. Clinical signs indicating the need for surgical intervention included chronic inappetance, a change in fecal consistency or production, dehydration, weight loss, and failure to respond to laxatives. Diagnosis of impacted proventriculus was by abdominal radiography and external palpation. Impactions were caused by sand and rocks (5 ostriches), hay and sand (1 ostrich), and leaves (1 ostrich). After surgery, 5 of the ostriches were clinically normal within (mean) 1 week. One ostrich failed to regain a normal appetite until 2 weeks after surgery, and one juvenile ostrich died after surgery. Of the 6 ostriches that survived, 1 died 1 week after discharge from the hospital. The remaining birds survived without redevelopment of impaction.
Factors associated with the seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus in breeding swine from quarantined herds
Authors: Morrison Robert B. , Marsh William E. , Anderson Paul L. , Thawley David G.
Published: December 2023

Strategies for the elimination of pseudorabies virus (prv) from swine herds include test and removal, offspring segregation, and depopulation/repopulation. The prevalence of prv in a herd is a major factor in selection of the most appropriate strategy. The purpose of the study reported here was to describe the prevalence of prv in adult swine in prv quarantined herds in Minnesota, and to determine herd factors associated with the seroprevalence. Questionnaires describing the health history of the herd, management practices, and design of the swine facilities were obtained from the owners of 142 quarantined herds. Blood was collected from 29 finishing pigs over the age of 4 months, up to 29 adult females, and all herd boars. Factors considered to be significant in a bivariate analysis were combined in a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of prv-seropositive adults in each herd was bimodally distributed among the 142 herds. In 42 (30%) of the herds, none of the females tested was seropositive, which represented the lower mode. At least 90% of the adults tested were seropositive in 30 (21%) of the herds and represented the higher mode. The odds of the breeding swine of a given herd having a prv seroprevalence of ≥ 20% as compared with having a seroprevalence of < 20% was 1.654 times higher per 50 adults in the herd, 13.550 times higher if the finishing pigs were seropositive, 2.378 times higher if sows were housed inside during gestation, and 1.481 times lower per number of years since the imposition of quarantine. These findings indicate that a large proportion of quarantined herds may have a low seroprevalence of prv, making them prime candidates for test and removal. Pseudorabies virus might also be eliminated from these low-prevalence herds by a method referred to as management/vaccination, which is described. These methods are inexpensive, compared with offspring segregation or depopulation/repopulation, and represent a substantial cost savings for the swine industry.
Effects of stage of gestation and breed on bovine responses to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19
Authors: Crawford Richard P. , Adams L. Garry , Ficht Thomas A. , Williams John D.
Published: December 2023

Eighty-eight cattle were injected sc with 2.5 × 108 viable cells of Brucella abortus strain 19. All but 1 heifer became seropositive on the basis of the results of 7 brucellosis tests, and the proportion positive decreased with time. The proportion of cattle that were seropositive during a 20- to 67-week period after vaccination was as follows, in decreasing order: hemolysis-in-gel, 59%; buffered-acid plate antigen, 39%; elisa, 16%; card, 10%; rivanol, 8%; cold complement-fixation, 7%; and automated complement-fixation, 5%. Using the serologic classification in Uniform Methods and Rules for brucellosis eradication, 7 cattle tested brucellosis-positive (2 suspects and 5 reactors). None of the 27 nonpregnant heifers tested positive. Of 18 heifers that were 84 to 135 days in gestation when vaccinated, 6 (33%) tested positive for brucellosis, compared with 0 of 13 and 1 (3%) of 30 heifers that were 11 to 78 and 145 to 253 days in gestation at vaccination, respectively (χ2 = 12.07; 2 df; P < 0.01). Neither breed (Angus, Hereford, Jersey, and Brahman) nor calf survival was related to brucellosis-positive results. Postpartum milk samples from 61 heifers and 24 tissues from 2 reactor cattle were culture-negative for B abortus.
Comparison of four test kits for feline leukemia virus antigen
Authors: Hawks Darren M. , Legendre Alfred M. , Rohrbach Barton W.
Published: December 2023

The sensitivity and specificity of 4 commercial FeLV elisa kits, using blood, were compared with results of virus isolation from blood and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) testing on blood. Significant differences were not found among the 4 elisa kits. Marked decrease in sensitivity of the elisa kits was detected when virus isolation was used as the standard of positivity rather than the ifa test. Virus isolation was a more sensitive indicator of early infection, with marked discrepancy among results obtained by virus isolation, elisa, and the ifa test. Results became progressively more concordant as infection became fully established. Cats FeLV-positive by virus isolation alone were more likely to eliminate viremia. All cats FeLV-positive by ifa testing remained persistently viremic. Virus isolation, elisa, and ifa testing appear to differ in their prognostic value. The use of blood rather than serum for the elisa resulted in several discordant results. Six cats were FeLV-positive by elisa when blood was tested but were FeLV-negative when serum was tested. Positive elisa results were obtained for 4 of these cats when serum was tested, using extended incubation to increase sensitivity. It is possible that blood may actually be more sensitive than serum for use of the elisa method.
Husbandry practices for cats infected with feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus
Authors: August John R.
Published: December 2023

Cats that are persistently infected with FeLV or feline immunodeficiency virus but are not manifesting clinical signs of disease are at risk for developing a wide variety of immunosuppressive, degenerative, or neoplastic diseases. Infected cats should be isolated to prevent transmission of virus to healthy cats, and to protect infected cats from exposure to pathogens that can cause life-threatening secondary infections. Iatrogenic transmission of virus from infected cats in isolation to healthy cats may be reduced by strict adherence to handling, sanitation, and disinfection procedures. Husbandry practices that may delay the complications of infection include regular vaccination, provision of high-quality diets, reduction of stress, control of endoparasites and ectoparasites, and early and aggressive treatment of clinical signs of disease.
Nonsurgical treatment of cubital subchondral cyst-like lesions in horses: Seven cases (1983-1987)
Authors: Hopen L. A. , Colahan P. T. , Turner T. A. , Nixon A. J.
Published: December 2023

Subchondral cyst-like lesions of the cubital joint were diagnosed in 7 horses at the teaching hospital between 1983 and 1987. Diagnosis of the lesions was made by administration of intra-articular local anesthesia and/or radiographically. Initial treatment for all horses consisted of stall rest for 60 to 90 days. In addition, 2 horses were administered sodium hyaluronate intra-articularly, 1 horse was given injections of polysulfated glycosaminoglycans im, and 1 horse was given phenylbutazone orally. Follow-up information was compiled 6 weeks to 4 years after initial examination. At the time of follow-up inquiry, 6 horses were sound for intended use and only 1 horse became lame when exercised. A logical approach to choice of surgical or nonsurgical treatment is proposed on the basis of these findings and those reported in the literature.
Complications associated with the use of iohexol for myelography of the cervical vertebral column in dogs: 66 cases (1988-1990)
Authors: Lewis Daniel D. , Hosgood Giselle
Published: December 2023

Medical records of 66 dogs that had undergone myelography, using iohexol (240 mg of iodine/ml, 0.3 to 0.5 ml/kg of body weight) during a 2-year period, were reviewed. In 3 dogs, myelography was performed twice during different anesthetic procedures. Neurologic abnormalities were more pronounced the day after myelography in dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (P < 0.01), meningitis (P < 0.01), or extradural tumors (P < 0.05). Neither anesthetic regimen nor duration of anesthesia significantly affected the frequency of complications. Seizures occurred after myelography in 6 dogs, and 1 dog had seizures after each of 2 myelographic procedures. The frequency of seizures was significantly greater in male Doberman Pinschers afflicted with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. Male dogs (P < 0.01) and Doberman Pinschers (P < 0.001) had higher prevalence of seizures. Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy was associated with higher prevalence of seizures, compared with all other diagnoses (P < 0.001). Seizures were significantly more prevalent when body weight was ≥ 29 kg (P < 0.001), when ≥2 injections of contrast medium were administered (P < 0.016), or when 2 injections of contrast medium were given at the cisterna magna (P < 0.015). The 10% prevalence of seizures after myelography with iohexol in the study reported here is greater than in previous reports, but is lower than that reported after myelography using metrizamide.
Actinomycetales infections in slender-horned gazelles: Six cases (1987-1989)
Authors: Kinde Hailu , Walker Richard L. , Skinner Virginia A. , Daft Barbara M. , Hughes Roberta L.
Published: December 2023

Disseminated Actinomycetales infections were diagnosed in 6 slender-horned gazelles at a zoologic park over a 17-month period. Nocardia and Mycobacterium spp were isolated. Possible predisposing causes leading to infection were investigated. Environmental contamination where the gazelles were housed was not high, and other breeds of gazelles at the park did not become infected, indicating that environmental exposure was not the sole factor involved. Information gathered from questionnaires sent to other zoologic parks and personnel communications indicated that this was not an isolated incident. Investigation into the genetic lineage of the gazelles revealed substantial inbreeding in prior generations. These findings suggested inbreeding may have been an important predisposing factor leading to infection. Careful scrutiny to ensure maximal heterozygosity of future breedings is warranted.
Gram-negative bacterial infection in neonatal New World camelids: Six cases (1985-1991)
Authors: Adams Ragan , Garry Franklyn B.
Published: December 2023

Gram-negative bacterial infections were documented in 6 neonatal New World camelids (5 llamas and 1 alpaca). The organisms isolated from blood before death or from multiple organs after death were Escherichia coli (n = 3), Actinobacillus sp (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only 2 crias survived, and 1 became blind secondary to retinal detachment and ocular inflammation, which developed after treatment for bacterial infection.

Abnormal events during the perinatal period (prematurity, dystocia, cesarean section, weak at birth) were reported in all 6 crias. Signs of depression, convulsions, and/or coma were observed in all animals. Diarrhea and respiratory distress were also noticed in the 3 crias that died shortly after admission.

Serum immunoglobulins were assessed, but without the benefit of a stall-side test specific for llama immunoglobulins. All crias were suspected to have poor transfer of maternal immunoglobulins. Hemograms and serum biochemical values prior to the initiation of treatment were obtained on 5 of the 6 crias. Total nucleated cells ranged from 1,400 to 23,100 cells/μl. Four of the 5 crias had a left shift, and 2 crias had toxic neutrophils. Serum glucose concentrations, measured in 5 of 6 crias, ranged from 83 to 293 mg/dl. Serum creatinine values were high in 2 of 5 crias, 1 of which had acute tubular necrosis. Three crias with high serum electrolyte (sodium, chloride, or potassium) values subsequently died. Arterial blood gas values were assessed in 3 crias, 1 of which had respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoxemia.
Effect of tiletamine/zolazepam sedation on intradermal allergy testing in atopic dogs
Authors: Codner Ellen C. , Lessard Pierre , McGrath Charles J.
Published: December 2023

Seven atopic dogs underwent intradermal allergy testing with 46 inhalant antigens before and after administration of a tiletamine/zolazepam solution (4 mg/kg of body weight, IV). This anesthetic protocol had no significant effect on the intradermal response caused by histamine, whole flea extract, or various inhalant allergens. Short-acting chemical restraint induced by the drug combination facilitated the intradermal testing procedure.
Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs
Authors: Krahwinkel D. J. , Pardo A. D. , Sims M. H. , Bubb W. J.
Published: December 2023

Seven dogs with end-stage bilateral otitis externa were evaluated for auditory function before and after bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Evaluations were performed by owner questionnaire and by recording brainstem auditory-evoked responses. Prior to surgery, all dogs could hear a loud voice or noise, however, only 3 dogs responded to a voice spoken at a normal level. Of the 14 ears tested electrodiagnostically, only 1 did not have a response, using air-conducted or bone-conducted stimuli. After surgery, 2 dogs responded to a normal voice, but all 7 responded to loud voices or noise. Three ears that had recordable brainstem auditory-evoked responses to air-conducted stimulation prior to surgery, failed to respond after surgery. Ears that responded to bone-conducted stimulation prior to surgery also responded after surgery.
Primary parathyroid gland hyperplasia in dogs: Six cases (1982-1991)
Authors: DeVries Susan E. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W. , Kennedy Peter C.
Published: December 2023

Persistent hypercalcemia attributable to parathyroid gland hyperplasia was identified in 6 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Clinical signs included polydipsia (n = 4), polyuria (n = 4), and signs caused by cystic calculi (n = 3). Abnormal clinical pathologic findings included hypercalcemia (mean, 13.6 mg/dl; range, 12.6 to 14.7 mg/dl; n = 6), hypophosphatemia (mean, 2.2 mg/dl; range, 1.4 to 2.9 mg/dl; n = 6), high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (mean, 222 IU/L; range, 161 to 286 IU/L; n = 3), and isosthenuria (mean, 1.012; range, 1.006 to 1.017; n = 6). Serum parathyroid hormone concentration was within the reference range or high (mean, 23 pmol/L; range, 7 to 119 pmol/L; reference range, 1.5 to 13 pmol/L) in all dogs.

At surgery, the number of large parathyroid glands was variable, being limited to 1 gland in 3 dogs, 2 glands in 2 dogs, and 4 glands in 1 dog. All visibly large parathyroid glands were surgically removed from each dog. Serum calcium concentration decreased into or below the reference range within 72 hours of surgery in all dogs, confirming the diagnosis of primary parathyroid disease. Multiple nodules of adenomatous hyperplasia were identified in each dog. All 6 dogs were treated with vitamin D and calcium carbonate following surgery. The dog from which all 4 parathyroid glands were removed has remained eucalcemic for more than 1 year with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D and calcium administration was discontinued within 4 to 12 weeks of surgery in the remaining 5 dogs. These dogs remained eucalcemic without vitamin D supplementation. Two dogs are still alive 12 and 35 months after surgery; 3 dogs died 3 to 4 years after surgery because of unrelated medical causes.
Peritonitis in horses: 67 cases (1985-1990)
Authors: Hawkins Jan F. , Bowman Karl F. , Roberts Malcolm C. , Cowen Peter
Published: December 2023

Peritonitis was diagnosed in 67 horses between 1985 and 1990: 14 horses developed septic peritonitis after intestinal rupture, 25 horses developed peritonitis after abdominal surgery, and 28 horses had peritonitis not associated with intestinal rupture or abdominal surgery. Forty of 67 horses (59.7%) did not survive. Nonsurvivors had higher heart rates (P = 0.01), RBC count (P = 0.039), serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.036), pcv (P = 0.007), and anion gap (P = 0.005); lower venous blood pH (P = 0.002); and a greater number of bacterial species cultured from peritoneal fluid samples (P = 0.054), compared with those from survivors. Nonsurvivors were more likely to have signs of abdominal pain (P < 0.000), circulatory shock (P = 0.009), and bacteria in peritoneal fluid samples (P = 0.042). Physical examination and peritoneal fluid analysis were the most valuable diagnostic aids for intestinal rupture. Peritonitis after abdominal surgery resulted in high mortality (56%); peritonitis not associated with intestinal rupture or abdominal surgery had lower mortality (42.9%). Clinical and laboratory indices can be of value in determining the prognosis for horses with peritonitis.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1992
Authors: Krebs John W. , Strine Tara W. , Childs James E.
Published: December 2023

In 1992, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. The 2 epizootics of rabies in raccoons (Northeastern/mid-Atlantic region and Southeastern region) are now approachig convergence in North Carolina (49 reported cases of rabies in 1992). Massachusetts (57 cases), New York City (41 cases), and New Hampshire (10 cases) became new additions to the epizootic in the Northeast, with Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont the only states in the region without cases associated with the raccoon strain of rabies. The state of New York (including New York City) reported 1,761 cases (79% in raccoons) of rabies, the largest number ever recorded for any state. Increases attributable to epizootics of rabies in other species were reported by Alaska (25 cases in 1992, compared with 12 in 1991 mainly attributable to rabies in foxes) and Kansas (374 cases in 1992, compared with 63 in 1991, mainly attributable to rabies in skunks). Reported cases of rabies in coyotes (75) increased 50% over those for 1991 (50 cases). In the southern portion of Texas (reporting 70 of the 75 cases in coyotes), there was a similar increase (55%) in reported cases of rabies in dogs, whereas nationally, reported cases of rabies in dogs (182) increased 17%. Twenty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1992, compared with 16 states in 1991. Hawaii was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1992.
Abdominal radiography for diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses: 141 cases (1990-1992)
Authors: Yarbrough Tom B. , Langer Douglas L. , Snyder Jack R. , Gardner Ian A. , O’Brien Tim R.
Published: December 2023

Medical records of 245 horses that had been evaluated by use of abdominal radiography between January 1990 and December 1992 were reviewed. One hundred forty-one horses subsequently had a postmortem examination or surgical exploration performed for definitive lesion diagnosis. The signalment, diagnosis, site, and number of enteroliths were obtained from the medical records. Radiographs were evaluated individually by 3 reviewers for the presence of enteroliths, preferred diagnostic view, evidence of large colon tympany, and film quality. Of the 141 cases reviewed, 66.7% (94/141) had confirmed enterolithiasis. Enteroliths were identified in the right dorsal colon of 59 horses, in the transverse colon of 28, in the small colon of 24, and in the ventral colon of 1 (enteroliths were detected in multiple sites in 12 horses). For the 3 reviewers, mean sensitivity was 76.9% and specificity was 94.4%. Mean positive-predictive value was 96.4%, and negative-predictive value was 67.5%. Cases involving only large colon enteroliths were correctly diagnosed 83.2% of the time, compared with 41.6% of the time for cases involving small colon enteroliths. Enteroliths were evident in 54.8% of the horses with radiographic signs of large colon distention. Fifteen horses had enteroliths in the small colon, 4 in the transverse colon, and 4 in the dorsal colon.

Radiographic quality was evaluated and scored as adequate (0), underexposed (−1), overexposed (1), or incomplete. Mean score was −0.5, and there were 21 (14.9%) incomplete studies. For the 75 cases correctly diagnosed via abdominal radiography, there were 14 (18.7%) incomplete studies and a mean score of −0.43. Of the 19 false-negative evaluations, there were 3 (15.8%) incomplete studies and a mean score of −0.69. The most common error leading to the missed diagnoses seemed to be inadequate penetration of the abdomen.
Giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in dogs: 10 cases (1986–1993)
Authors: Waters Carrie B. , Morrison Wallace B. , DeNicola Dennis B. , Widmer William R. , White M. Randall
Published: December 2023

Signalment, tumor sites, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic features, as well as treatment protocols and survival information, were evaluated for 10 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Common clinical findings included subcutaneous masses, weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy. Laboratory abnormalities included anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and high concentrations of serum hepatic enzymes. Radiography and ultrasonography were useful in staging the extent of metastasis. Seven dogs had tumor metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Two other dogs developed evidence of metastasis during the course of treatment. The most common sites of tumor involvement were subcutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. Treatment protocols included surgical resection, intraoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Median survival time of all dogs was 61 days. Median survival time of the 6 treated dogs was 161 days. Findings on necropsy revealed metastasis with multiple organ involvement. The giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma was determined to be a highly metastatic neoplasm in dogs, which may be responsive to surgical excision, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
Treatment of thyroid carcinoma in dogs by surgical resection alone: 20 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Klein M. K. , Powers B. E. , Withrow S. J. , Curtis C. R. , Straw R. C. , Ogilvie G. K. , Dickinson Krista L. , Cooper Mary F. , Baier Monika
Published: December 2023

Of 82 dogs with thyroid carcinoma seen between January 1981 and October 1989, 20 had freely movable tumors without evidence of metastasis and were treated with surgical excision alone. Uncensored mean and median survival times for these 20 dogs were both 20.5 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which censors for nontumor-related deaths and dogs lost to follow-up, indicated that median survival time was greater than 36 months. Seven dogs died of tumor-related causes: 2 died because of metastasis or local recurrence of the tumor, 5 died of treatment-related complications (eg, laryngeal paralysis, hypocalcemia, tracheostomy complications). Eight dogs died of unrelated causes; 1 dog was lost to follow-up at 26 months after surgery; 3 dogs were alive 19, 24, and 26 months after surgery. Cause of death could not be determined in the remaining dog. Long-term survival is possible following surgical removal of mobile thyroid carcinomas in dogs.
Prognostic factors associated with radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane in cats
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Madewell Bruce R. , Shearn Valerie I. , Moulton Jack E.
Published: December 2023

Ninety cats were irradiated for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane. The 1- and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 60.1 ± 5.5% and 10.3 ± 6.2%, respectively. Analysis of progression-free survival times revealed that clinical stage and tumor proliferative fraction (estimated by the use of a proliferating cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemical method) had significant prognostic value. Conversely, coat color, presence of multiple facial carcinomas, histologic grade, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status were not found to have prognostic value. Acute radiation reactions were mild and self-limiting. Severe chronic radiation reactions were more frequent in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Results of the study indicated that cats with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal plane benefit from radiotherapy and that treatment might be improved by increasing the radiation dose as well as altering the dose-fractionation scheme.
Transcolonic sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m scintigraphy for diagnosis of macrovascular portosystemic shunts in dogs, cats, and potbellied pigs: 176 cases (1988–1992)
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , Hornof William J.
Published: December 2023

Medical records of 176 animals that underwent transcolonic sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m scintigraphy between September 1988 and June 1992 were reviewed. The study included 162 dogs, 10 cats, and 4 potbellied pigs. Whenever possible, scan results were confirmed during exploratory surgery or necropsy. For animals that did not undergo surgery or necropsy, additional medical information, (ie, results of histologic examination of hepatic biopsy specimens, clinicopathologic testing, abdominal ultrasonography, and clinical outcome) was evaluated to estimate the likelihood that the scan interpretation was correct. Interpretations were classified as confirmed true, probable true, possible false, or unconfirmed results. Of the 97 scans interpreted as positive for portosystemic shunting, 85 were classified as confirmed true-positive results, 5 were classified as probable true-positive results, and 7 were classified as unconfirmed results. None were classified as confirmed or possible false-positive results. Of the 79 scans interpreted as negative for portosystemic shunting, 3 were classified as confirmed true-negative results, 54 were classified as probable true-negative results, 1 was classified as a possible false-negative result, and 21 were classified as unconfirmed results. Our results suggest that transcolonic pertechnetate scintigraphy has satisfactory performance as a diagnostic test for macrovascular portosystemic shunting.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands in dogs
Authors: Barthez Paul Y. , Nyland Thomas G. , Feldman Edward C.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To determine normal adrenal gland size by means of ultrasonography in dogs and to determine the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pituitary-de-pendent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs.

Design—

Prospective observational study.

Animals—

62 dogs: 20 healthy dogs, 20 dogs with non-endocrine disease, and 22 dogs with untreated PDH.

Procedure—

Length and maximum and minimum diameter of the adrenal glands were measured ultrasonographically. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were used to determine whether body weight, kidney length, aortic diameter, or age was related to adrenal gland size. Two-tailed t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to compare values between groups. Sensitivity and specificity of using ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland size as a diagnostic test for PDH were determined.

Results—

There was a significant linear relationship between adrenal gland length, but not maximum and minimum diameters, and body weight, aortic diameter, and kidney length in healthy dogs and in dogs with nonenocrine diseases. Length, maximum diameter, and minimum diameter of the right adrenal gland and maximum and minimum diameters of the left adrenal gland were significantly greater in dogs with PDH than in healthy dogs and dogs with nonendocrine diseases. As a diagnostic test for
pdh, ultrasonographic measurement of maximum or minimum diameter of the left adrenal gland gave the best combination of sensitivity and specificity. For maximum diameter of the left adrenal gland, sensitivity was 77% and specificity was 80%. For minimum diameter of the left adrenal gland, sensitivity was 73% and specificity was 85%.

Clinical Implication—

Ultrasonography of the adrenal glands is a valuable diagnostic procedure in dogs suspected of having pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.
Intramuscular administration of ceftiofur sodium versus intramammary infusion of penicillin/novobiocin for treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Erskine Ronald J. , Bartlett Paul C. , Johnson II Gilbert L. , Halbert Lisa W.
Published: December 2023

Objective—

To determine the efficacy of intramuscular administration of ceftiofur sodium as treatment for intra-mammary infections attributable to Streptococcus agalac-tiae, compared with that for a standard treatment of intramammary infusion of penicillin/novobiocin.

Design—

Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Animals—

72 lactating Holstein cows with intramammary infections caused by S agalactiae from 5 commercial dairies in Michigan.

Procedure—

In 36 of 72 infected cows, ceftiofur was administered (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 24 h) for 5 days; 150 mg of novobiocin and 100,000 U of procaine penicillin G was infused daily into each mammary gland of the other 36 cows for 2 days. Milk samples were collected aseptically at approximately 4 and 8 weeks after initial treatment. If cows were determined to be infected at 4 weeks after initial treatment, the treatment was repeated.

Results—

The cure rate at 4 weeks (91.7%) and at 8 weeks (96.8%) after initial treatment for the penicillin/ novobiocin-treated cows was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher, compared with that of the ceftiofur-treated cows (2.8 and 9.1%, respectively). Somatic cell counts were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in the penicillin/novobio-cin-treated group after treatment.

Clinical Implications—

Intramuscular administration of ceftiofur is not efficacious as a treatment to eliminate intramammary infections caused by S agalactiae and should not be used to reduce the prevalence of this organism in dairy herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208: 258-260)
Hospital-acquired acute renal failure in dogs: 29 cases (1983–1992)
Authors: Behrend E. N. , Grauer G. F. , Mani I. , Groman R. P. , Salman M. D. , Greco D. S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To assess factors associated with development of hospital-acquired acute renal failure (HARF) and to determine outcome of and prognostic indicators for dogs with HARF.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

29 dogs.

Results

The most common inciting causes for development of HARF were exposure to a nephrotoxicant and advanced age. Mortality was 62%, and factors that contributed to mortality were age and initial urine output. Dogs ≥ 7 years old and dogs that were initially oliguric had an odds ratio of mortality of 8.8 and 20, respectively. The effect of preexisting heart disease on mortality approached significance (P = 0.053). The magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis was not related to the chance for survival. Dogs that died had a significantly higher initial anion gap and serum phosphorus concentration than did dogs that survived. We did not detect a relationship between cause of HARF and outcome (survived vs died or euthanatized).

Clinical Implications

In most cases, HARF is associated with a poor outcome. Older dogs may be at increased risk for development of HARF, and once HARF has developed, have a greater chance of dying. Prognosis can not be determined on the magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis or on the inciting cause of HARF. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:537–541)