bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of type I blowup solutions for a higher order semilinear parabolic equation
Authors: Ghoul Tej-Eddine , Nguyen Van Tien , Zaag Hatem
Published: June 2019

We consider the higher-order semilinear parabolic equation

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\partial_t u = -(-{\it\Delta})^{m} u + u|u|^{p-1},
\end{array}$$

in the whole space ℝN, where p > 1 and m ≥ 1 is an odd integer. We exhibit type I non self-similar blowup solutions for this equation and obtain a sharp description of its asymptotic behavior. The method of construction relies on the spectral analysis of a non self-adjoint linearized operator in an appropriate scaled variables setting. In view of known spectral and sectorial properties of the linearized operator obtained by Galaktionov [15], we revisit the technique developed by Merle-Zaag [23] for the classical case m = 1, which consists in two steps: the reduction of the problem to a finite dimensional one, then solving the finite dimensional problem by a classical topological argument based on the index theory. Our analysis provides a rigorous justification of a formal result in [15].
Singularly perturbed Choquard equations with nonlinearity satisfying Berestycki-Lions assumptions
Authors: Tang Xianhua , Chen Sitong
Published: June 2019

In the present paper, we consider the following singularly perturbed problem:

$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\varepsilon^2\triangle u+V(x)u=\varepsilon^{-\alpha}(I_{\alpha}*F(u))f(u), & x\in \mathbb{R}^N; \\ u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{array} \right. \end{array}$$

whereε> 0 is a parameter,N≥ 3,α∈ (0,N),F(t) =$\begin{array}{} \int_{0}^{t} \end{array}$f(s)dsandIα: ℝN→ ℝ is the Riesz potential. By introducing some new tricks, we prove that the above problem admits a semiclassical ground state solution (ε∈ (0,ε0)) and a ground state solution (ε= 1) under the general “Berestycki-Lions assumptions” on the nonlinearityfwhich are almost necessary, as well as some weak assumptions on the potentialV. Whenε= 1, our results generalize and improve the ones in [V. Moroz, J. Van Schaftingen, T. Am. Math. Soc. 367 (2015) 6557-6579] and [H. Berestycki, P.L. Lions, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 82 (1983) 313-345] and some other related literature. In particular, we propose a new approach to recover the compactness for a (PS)-sequence, and our approach is useful for many similar problems.
Systematic design of microscope objectives. Part II: Lens modules and design principles
Authors: Zhang Yueqian , Gross Herbert
Published: June 2019

Based on the microscope objective database and systematic classification introduced in Part I, the Zones 1–4 objective lenses are systematically analysed in this paper to extract the building blocks. All the definitions and terms are based on the preceding paper. The lens modules utilised in the front, middle and rear groups are investigated by reliable aberration evaluation tools with robust and accurate raytracing. Thereby, the aberration correction principles are summarised, from which 29 lens modules are well sorted with respect to their decoupled aberration correction functionalities. Furthermore, some intrinsic relations between the aberration-related lens modules and the impact of applications or the consideration of manufacturing and technology are also discussed. Utilising the lens modules, system modification and synthesis examples shall be given in Part III.
The One over Many Principle of Republic 596a
Authors: González-Varela José Edgar
Published: June 2019

Republic 596a introduces a One over Many principle that has traditionally been considered as an argument for the existence of Forms, according to which, one Form should be posited for each like-named plurality. This interpretation was challenged by (Smith, J. A. 1917. “General Relative Clauses in Greek.” Classical Review 31: 69–71.), who interpreted it rather as a statement that each Form is unique and correlated to a plurality of things that have the same name as it. (Sedley, D. 2013. “Plato and the One-over-Many Principle”, in Chiaradonna & Galluzzo 2013, 113–37.) has offered a forceful defence of Smith’s interpretation. I argue that Sedley’s defence fails and that the traditional interpretation should be preferred.
Optimization of the model of Ogden energy by the genetic algorithm method
Authors: Blaise Bale Baidi , Betchewe Gambo , Beda Tibi
Published: June 2019

The model of Ogden, is a density of energy used in the modeling of hyperelastic materials behavior. This model of energy presents a high number of material parameters to identify. In this paper, we expose a method of identification of these parameters:Genetic Algorithm. This method contrary to the method of Beda-Chevalier, Least Squares, directed programming object method, PSA (Pattern Search Algorithm) and LMA (Levenberg-Marquardt), allows to identify quickly good parameters which give to the Ogden model a very good prediction in uniaxial tension, biaxial tension and pure shear. This prediction is considered to be better becausewe better bring the experimental curve closer to Treloar one with the parameters optimized by the genetic algorithm.
Neigungen zu psychischen Erkrankungen?
Authors: Vanja Christina
Published: June 2019

The years around 1900 were marked by discussions on whether Jews were particularly susceptible to mental suffering. Not only was the topic presented by racial hygienists with anti-Semitic hrust, it also played a prominent role for Jewish physicians. The causes of »Jewish nervousness« were discussed controversially, either as a hereditary biological system of the Jewish »race« or as caused by the specific history of Jews in exile, where they lived in an anti-Semitic environment, or their particular urban lifestyle that was alienated from nature, or a tendency to mental illness. The »Israelite Health and Nursing Establishment« in Bendorf-Sayn understood itself as an institution that specialized in the needs of Jewish patients and kept them safe from anti-Semitic attacks. However, it was only intended for a solvent clientele. In public welfare institutions patients of Jewish faith generally could not expect any concessions and were discriminated against, in particular by psychiatrists oriented towards racial hygiene.
Medizin zwischen Mythos und Magie
Authors: Kilcher Andreas
Published: June 2019

The tzaddik, a central figure in Hasidism, is revered as a »mysterious Rabbi« and acts as an adviser and particularly also as a healer. While both worldly medicine and its state agencies are rejected, he works with methods rooted in Practical Kabbalah. They focus on the use of magical words such as the names of God or of angels to which the Baal Shem, the Master of the Name, has access. Under the influence of their power he not only inscribes amulets and speaks prayers, but also tells, or becomes the protagonist of, stories with which he also mobilizes the divine forces. This contribution concentrates on the therapeutic function of story-telling, using examples both from the traditional Hasidic literature, the Shivhei ha-Besht for instance, and modern Jewish stories that draw on Hasidic literature, such as the work of Georg Langer and Joseph Roth.
Applying knowledge bases to make factories smarter
Authors: Ocker Felix , Paredis Christiaan J. J. , Vogel-Heuser Birgit
Published: June 2019

Knowledge Bases (KBs) enable engineers to capture knowledge in a formalized way. This formalization allows us to combine knowledge, thus creating the basis for smart factories while also supporting product and production system design. Building comprehensive and reusable KBs is still a challenge, though, especially for knowledge-intensive domains like engineering and production. To cope with the sheer amount of knowledge, engineers should reuse existing KBs. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of domain-specific KBs for production and engineering, as well as generic top-level ontologies. The application of such top-level ontologies offers new insights by integrating knowledge from various domains, stakeholders, and companies. To bridge the gap between top-level ontologies and existing domain KBs, we introduce an Intermediate Engineering Ontology (IEO).
Pay-What-You-Want in Competition
Authors: Samahita Margaret
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an analysis of Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) in competition which explains its entry and limited spread in the market. Sellers choose their pricing schemes sequentially while consumers share their surplus. The profitability and popularity of PWYW depend not only on consumers’ preferences, but also on market structure, product characteristics and sellers’ strategies. While there is no PWYW equilibrium, given a sufficiently high level of surplus-sharing and product differentiation, PWYW is chosen by later entrants to avoid Bertrand competition. The equilibrium results and their market characteristics are consistent with empirical examples of PWYW.
Serum concentrations of free fatty acids are associated with 3-month mortality in acute heart failure patients
Authors: Degoricija Vesna , Trbušić Matias , Potočnjak Ines , Radulović Bojana , Pregartner Gudrun , Berghold Andrea , Scharnagl Hubert , Stojakovic Tatjana , Tiran Beate , Frank Saša
Published: June 2019

Background

Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are higher in heart failure (HF) patients compared to healthy controls. Considering that the extent of FFA elevation in HF might mirror the severity of HF, we hypothesized that the serum levels of FFA may be a useful prognostic indicator for 3-month mortality in acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods

We analyzed the serum samples of AHF patients obtained at admission to the emergency department. Serum levels of FFA were analyzed using an enzymatic reagent on an automatic analyzer.

Results

Out of 152 included AHF patients that were originally included, serum samples of 132 patients were available for the quantification of FFA. Of these, 35 (26.5%) died within 3 months of onset of AHF. These patients had significantly higher serum levels of FFA compared to AHF patients who were alive 3 months after onset of AHF. Univariable logistic regression analyses showed a significant positive association of FFA levels with 3-month mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.76 [95% confidence interval 1.32–6.27], p = 0.010). Importantly, this association remained significant after adjusting for age and sex, as well as for further clinical and laboratory parameters that showed a significant association with 3-month mortality in the univariate analyses.

Conclusions

We conclude that the admission serum levels of FFA are associated with 3-month mortality in AHF patients. Therefore, measurements of circulating FFA levels may help identifying high-risk AHF patients.
Poland’s Economic Performance in Global and Long-term Perspective: Surprises so far and Risks in the Years Ahead
Authors: Gomułka Stanisław
Published: June 2019

The paper is focused on economic and institutional developments in Poland during the last 30 years of transition from its centrally planned socialist economy to a market-based capitalist economy. The main purposes of the paper are three. One is to identify and explain the developments that were either surprising or specifically Polish. The second purpose is to note and explain the differences between the rate of growth of the Polish economy and that of the other emerging economies, in particular to explain ‘the green island’ phenomenon during the global financial crisis 2008-2009. The third purpose is to note and discuss the new risks that may prevent Poland to reduce further the development gap to technologically most advanced economies.
Dynamic Changes in MMP1 and TIMP1 in the Antifibrotic Process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill in Rats with Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Lin Jiayu , Deng Chaowen , Peng Yanzhong , Zheng Jie , Wei Liya , Shi Yu , Gong Zhenghua , Hu Guoxin
Published: June 2019

On the basis of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)induced liver fibrosis in rats, this study aims to investigate the dynamic changes in matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) in the antifibrotic process of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DHZCP). A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the model group (the group treated with CCl4), and the treatment group (the group treated with CCl4 and DHZCP). Rats were sacrificed at Weeks 4 and 8. Liver tissues were separated for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and histological staining were conducted to confirm the gene expression and pathological change in liver tissues. Compared with control group, rats in model group showed poor mental state and slow weight gain. The liver tissues of the rats in the model group exhibited a damaged hepatic lobule structure, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration among the hyperplastic tissues. DHZCP could significantly improve the appearance of rats and alleviate CCl4-induced fibrosis. Compared to model group, 798 differentially expressed mRNAs were found in the treatment group, of which 120 were up-regulated and 678 were down-regulated. Differentially expressed mRNAs between the CCl4-induced group and the DHZCP-treated group were mainly focused on the following KEGG pathways: focal adhesion, phagosome, tight junction, and ECM–receptor interactions. Relative to those in the control group, MMP1 was downregulated, whereas, TIMP1 and Col1A1 were upregulated in the CCl4-induced group at Weeks 4 and 8. DHZCP could reverse MMP1, TIMP1, and Col1A1 expression.DHZCP protects against liver injury and exerts an antifibrotic effect on liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of MMP1, downregulation of TIMP1, and promotion of collagen degradation.
Chemometric Expertise Of Clinical Monitoring Data Of Prolactinoma Patients
Authors: Nedyalkova Miroslava , Dimitrov Dimitar , Donkova Borjana , Simeonov Vasil
Published: June 2019

The present investigation indicates hidden relationships between the several clinical parameters usually monitored on prolactinoma patients using non-hierarchical cluster analysis. The major goal of the chemometric data mining is to offer a possible mode of optimization of the monitoring procedure by selecting a reduced number of health status indicators. The intelligent data analysis reveals the formation of three patterns of prolactinoma patients each one of them described by a set of clinical parameters. Thus, better strategies for considering patients with this diagnosis could be developed and clinically applied.
Smoothly moving through Mental Spaces: Linguistic patterns of viewpoint transfer in news narratives
Authors: van Krieken Kobie , Sanders José
Published: June 2019

This article presents a Mental Space model for analyzing linguistic patterns in news narratives. The model was applied in a corpus study categorizing various linguistic markers of viewpoint transfers between the mental spaces that readers must conceptualize while processing news narratives: a Reality Space representing the journalist and reader’s projectedhere-and-nowviewpoint; a News Narrative Space representing the newsworthy events from athere-and-thenviewpoint; and an Intermediate Space representing the information of the news actors provided from a temporal viewpointin-betweenthe newsworthy events and the present. Viewpoint transfers and their markers were examined in a corpus of 100 Dutch crime news narratives published over a period of fifty years. The results reveal clear patterns, which indicate that both linguistic structures and narrative-based as well as genre-based inferences play a role in the processing of news narratives. The results furthermore clarify how these narratives have been gradually crystallizing into a genre over the past decades. These findings elucidate the complex yet fluent process of conceptually moving between mental spaces, thus advancing our understanding of the relation between the linguistic and the cognitive representation of narrative discourse.
Exploring film genre preferences through taste cultures: A survey on contemporary film consumption amongst youth in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Veenstra Aleit , Meers Philippe , Biltereyst Daniël
Published: June 2019

This article explores contemporary film genre preferences through an in-depth sociological analysis of taste cultures in film preferences amongst youth aged 16–18 in Flanders (the northern Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Building on a representative sample of 1015 respondents we statistically analyze the assumption that contemporary media audiences demonstrate mobility and that they are eager to shape their media consumption in accordance with their personal preferences. This article examines whether societal structures that have been found to reflect media preferences remain in place, or whether these structures have eroded with the (supposed) increase in individual choice – an argument often voiced in the context of convergence culture. An analysis of the variables gender, educational level and ethnicity illustrates that societal structures are still reflected through film genre preferences amongst Flemish youth.
Treatment of adult lead poisoning with D-penicillamine
Authors: Paeezi Maryam , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Shadnia Shahin , Zamani Naghmeh , Chaleshi Vahid , Mafi Amir Ali
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of D-penicillamine in the treatment of lead poisoning mainly in the outpatient setting.

Methods

In a case series study performed during the recent epidemic of lead poisoning in Iran, lead-poisoned patients referring to our outpatient clinic were treated with 250-mg D-penicillamine capsules administered every 6 h for 5 or 10 days based on availability of the medication. They were recommended to re-check blood lead level (BLL) 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment and refer to our clinic again.

Results

In 63 patients with lead poisoning but without signs and symptoms of lead encephalopathy, median BLL was 106 [84, 131] μg/dL on presentation, which declined to a mean of 52.6 ± 28.8 μg/dL after a median treatment period of 7 [5, 10] days (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the 5- and 10-day treatment protocols regarding complications and recovery. Treatment had resulted in a median decrease of 54 μg/dL [33, 90] (range: −20 to 231 μg/dL) in the patients’ BLLs (33.9% declined in BLL measurements; range: −29.69% to 99.06%).

Conclusions

D-penicillamine may be an acceptable substitute treatment in adult lead poisoning. Although our sample size was limited, we could not detect any serious adverse effects in our cases showing that D-penicillamine resulted in acceptable recovery rates. This may be helpful especially in epidemics with limitations in antidote access.
Carnaps Autobiographie als Autobiographie
Authors: Siegetsleitner Anne
Published: June 2019

Rudolf Carnap’s intellectual autobiography was published in 1963. The specific characteristics of this kind of text and its reception shape his self-testimony. This article examines how these characteristics – typical narrative position and structure, problems of truth and veracity, well-rounded self-presentation – are manifest in the story Carnap tells of his life. In Carnap’s case, the subjective narrative position is the one of the successful philosopher, and Carnap meets the expectation of presenting one’s life as a unity, framed by considerations of his general attitude towards life. In line with the history of autobiographical writing in pietism, Carnap’s autobiography also includes a kind of self-justification in addition to a conversion experience, although the latter is secularized as a conversion from religion to logic-centred philosophy. In this regard, the United States are presented as a blessed country, where Carnap has reached his New Zion which he helped flourish
Application of calcium montmorillonite on flame resistance, thermal stability and interfacial adhesion in polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Lu Feng-Ling , Shen Ming-Xia , Xue Yi-Jiao , Zeng Shao-Hua , Chen Shang-Neng , Hao Ling-Yun , Yang Lu
Published: June 2019

To exploit the application of calcium montmorillonite (CaMt) and improve the flame resistance of polystyrene (PS), two kinds of long carbon chain quaternary ammonium bromides with different spatial effect (i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB)) were used to intercalate CaMt for yielding corresponding organic calcium montmorillonite (CaOMt). The PS nanocomposites containing CaOMt (PS/CaOMt) were prepared by melt blending method. The effects of CaOMt on flame resistance, thermal stability, tensile properties and interfacial adhesion of PS/CaOMt were investigated. The results showed that both CTAB and DDAB were intercalated into CaMt to get CaOMt with an exfoliated/intercalated structure, which could endue good interfacial adhesion and thermal stability for PS/CaOMt. All peak values of flame resistance parameters of PS/CaOMt decreased and corresponding combustion times were postponed obviously. Moreover, Young’s modulus of DDAB-intercalated PS/CaOMt was improved by 49.1% while its tensile strength kept at the same level as PS.
Improving the flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate composites by incorporating layered double hydroxides based on Bayer red mud
Authors: Qian Yi , Jiang Kangjia , Li Long
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, reducing the hazards of bayer red mud (BRM) is an important research direction in the fields of environmental and safety. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized successfully by a co-precipitation method based on introducing Mg2+ into the BRM suspension. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the decomposition rate of LDHs is higher than that of BRM, which indicates that LDHs can absorb more heat than BRM during the decomposition process. Subsequently, BRM and LDHs were added into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to investigate its effects on reducing flammability of the composites. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that 50 wt% LDH-B can make the peak value of HRR (PHRR) decrease from 1694.8 kW/m2 (EVA) to 199.2 kW/m2 (ELDH2). The smoke density test (SDT) results showed that the luminous flux of ELDH2 is nearly 95% at the end of test with a pilot flame, which is much higher than that of EVA and EBRM. The thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) results confirmed that LDHs can improve the thermal stability of composites and reduce the production of some toxic gases. Compared with BRM, the improved flame retardancy of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs is ascribed to the introduction of Mg2+, which offering an enhanced catalytic carbonization capability, as well as the physical barrier effect of char residue layer catalyzed by the lamellar LDHs
N, N’-sebacic bis(hydrocinnamic acid) dihydrazide: A crystallization accelerator for poly(L-lactic acid)
Authors: Zhao Li-Sha , Cai Yan-Hua , Liu Hui-Li
Published: June 2019

Developing more organic nucleating agent with different molecular structure is very instructive to improve the crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and explore the crystallization mechanism. In this study,N, N’-sebacic bis(hydrocinnamic acid) dihydrazide (HAD) was synthesized to serve as a nucleating agent for PLLA. The effects of HAD on the non-isothermal crystallization, melting behavior, thermal stability and optical performance of PLLA were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and light transmittance meter. The melt crystallization behavior showed that HAD was able to promote the crystallization of PLLAviaheterogenous nucleation in cooling, and it was found that, upon the cooling of 1°C/min, the incorporation of 1 wt% HAD made the crystallization temperature and non-isothermal crystallization enthalpy increase from 94.5°C and 0.1 J/g to 131.6°C and 48.5 J/g comparing with the pure PLLA. Additionally, the melt crystallization significantly depended on the cooling rate and the final melting temperature. For the cold crystallization, when the nucleation density from HAD and PLLA itself was saturated, the influence of the HAD concentration on the cold crystallization process of the PLLA/HAD samples is negligible. The melting behavior after isothermal or non-isothermal crystallization further confirmed the crystallization accelerating effect of HAD for PLLA, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melting-recrystallization. Unfortunately, the addition of HAD decreased the thermal stability and light transmittance of PLLA.
Effects of cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning process parameters on polymer nanofiber morphology and microstructure
Authors: Zheng Wenxing , Wang Xinhou
Published: June 2019

Cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning (CSBS) is a novel method for preparing polymer nanofibers by using air-stretch and electrostatic simultaneously, which can fabricate thinner and more uniform nanofibers than the traditional solution blowing spinning (SBS). In this work, the effects of processing parameters including length of cylinder (LC), needle to cylinder distance (NCD) and left face of cylinder to collector distance (CCD) on the CSBS nanofiber diameter were investigated. The results are as follows: when the NCD decreased, the fiber diameter decreased; when the LC increased, the fiber diameter decreased; the CCD didn’t significantly affect the fiber diameter. Moreover, an orthogonal experimental design was utilized to investigate the effect of injection rate, air pressure, NCD, LC, diameter of cylinder (DC), voltage and CCD on the fiber diameter and porosity of various surface layers of nanofiber web (P1, P2, and P3). The results showed that the varied range of each properties (average diameter, standard deviation of the diameter, P1, P2, and P3) was 539.121-904.149 nm, 127.903-303.253, 71.464-85.1415%, 60.32725-75.46625%, 48.23925-70.08875%, respectively. We also found the order of the influence of the above-mentioned seven process parameters on each above properties of the nanofiber web, and the corresponding optimal spinning process parameters were listed. It is well known that the fiber diameter affects the mechanical properties of nanofibers, and porosity of nano-fiber webs is an important parameter in tissue engineering, bioengineering, and filtration. The effects of CSBS process parameters on nanofiber morphology and microstructure were investigated for the first time. The conclusion of the paper can help researchers to produce high quality CSBS nanofiber and promote the wider application of this novel technology.
A novel polyamidine-grafted carboxymethylcellulose: Synthesis, characterization and flocculation performance test
Authors: Yue Yijun , Zheng Lan , Wang Yuqi , Wu Jinqiao , Li Shanshan , Han Xiaolong , Wu Le
Published: June 2019

This study facilitates the synthesis process of a novel graft copolymer (flocculant) using carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile and N-vinyl formamide as raw materials. The carboxymethyl cellulose graft polyamidine (CMC-g-PAMD) can be used as new flocculant to replace the traditional polyacrylamide flocculant, which manifested its excellent flocculation and degradation efficiency. A five-membered cyclic copolymer was prepared by the graft copolymerization, and the synthesized flocculants were characterized by EA, TG-DTG, FT-IR, SEM and NMR, confirming the successful synthesis of the desired copolymers. The operation conditions for copolymerization were experimentally investigated, and the results indicated that the optimal initiator dosage, copolymerization temperature, amidinization temperature, acidification time and flocculant dosage were 4 g/L, 50°C, 90°C, 3 h and 60 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the traditional polyacrylamide flocculant, the CMC-g-PAMD presented an outstanding flocculation ability of 96.1% under its optimal operation conditions, which showed an enormous potential in the application of coalmine waste-water treatment.
Novel chitosan and Laponite based nanocomposite for fast removal of Cd(II), methylene blue and Congo red from aqueous solution
Authors: Xu Guobin , Zhu Yuejun , Wang Xiujun , Wang Shanshan , Cheng Tianxiang , Ping Rang , Cao Jie , Lv Kaihe
Published: June 2019

A series of chitosan and Laponite based nano-composite adsorbents, which showed an excellent performance for fast and efficient removal of Cd(II), methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) from aqueous solution, were prepared. In the adsorbent, with the increase of Laponite component, the surface area increased from 44.69 m2g-1to 64.58 m2g-1. As a result, the adsorption rates were enhanced by increasing Laponite component. The adsorption capacities for Cd(II) and MB increased with increasing Laponite component due the cationic characteristic of two pollutants, and the opposite result was found for the removal of CR. The impacts of some factors, e.g. solution pH, temperature, pollutant concentration and salt, on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Additionally, this adsorbent could be effectively regenerated by dilute HCl solution after the adsorption of Cd(II), and the mixture of methanol and acetic acid was a suitable eluent after the adsorption of two dyes.
Effects of chemical modifications on the rheological and the expansion behavior of polylactide (PLA) in foam extrusion
Authors: Standau Tobias , Castellón Svenja Murillo , Delavoie Agathe , Bonten Christian , Altstädt Volker
Published: June 2019

It is well known that polylactide (PLA) is difficult to foam due to its low melt strength. Thus, many ways were described in the literature to enhance the foamability. However, the melt strength was actually determined only in a limited number of publications. In this study, the addition of chemical modifiers was used to change the rheological behavior of PLA and thereby improve its foamability in foam extrusion process. For the first time the use of dicumyl peroxide modified PLA in foam extrusion is described. Both modifications lead to a distinct increase in melt strength. Here, the highest increase was shown for the PLA modified with dicumyl peroxide. Furthermore, strain hardening was observed for PLA modified with the peroxide. Low density foams were achieved for neat and modified PLA in foam extrusion. Neat PLA showed a density of 45 kg/m3, while the peroxide modified PLA showed the highest expansion with a density reduction down to 32 kg/m3. Both modifications result in a more uniform cell structure and an improved compression strength. Here, the foamed, peroxide modified PLA showed outstanding performance compared to neat PLA foam with twice the compression strength (151 Pa) even at a 30% lower density.
Influence of mid-stress on the dynamic fatigue of a light weight EPS bead foam
Authors: Keller Jan-Hendrik , Altstädt Volker
Published: June 2019

Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) is one of the most commonly used material, when it comes to protect thermal sensitive goods, since the thermal conductivity of EPS is very low. The mechanical properties in terms of long-term compression or quasi-static compression are also quite well known. But when the material is loaded with higher amplitudes over a long period of time, not much is known yet about long-term mechanical behavior. For example, as a packaging material, EPS exhibits complex loading situation ranging from small to high amplitudes over a long period of time, when e.g. it is transported in a truck, a ship or in a car. In order to characterize the mechanical behavior under such large amplitude loading, the dynamic fatigue needs to be recorded and evaluated. In this paper, the principles of the hysteresis measurements evaluation are applied on EPS for the first time to unveil long-term mechanical properties in compression. Results show, that after increasing the dynamic load level to a critical level of over 100 kPa, the mechanical behavior, in terms of compression rate, of EPS changes from a linear to a kind of exponential mode.
Synthesis and fungicidal activities of perfluoropropan-2-yl-based novel quinoline derivatives
Authors: Zhang Zai , Liu Minhua , Liu Weidong , Xiang Jun , Li Jianming , Li Zhong , Liu Xingping , Huang Mingzhi , Liu Aiping , Zheng Xingliang
Published: June 2019

A series of novel perfluoropropan-2-yl-based quinoline derivatives was designed and synthesized utilizing tebufloquin as the lead compound. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic data 1HNMR, MS and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay indicated that these compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activities against Erysiphe graminis. Especially, compound 8c displayed excellent activity with EC50 value at 1.48 mg / L, which was better than that of the commercialized fungicide --- tebufloquin. The structure-activity relationship for these new compounds was also discussed.
Contribution of astrocytes to metabolic dysfunction in the Alzheimer’s disease brain
Authors: Zulfiqar Shadaan , Garg Pretty , Nieweg Katja
Published: June 2019

Historically considered as accessory cells to neurons, there is an increasing interest in the role of astrocytes in normal and pathological conditions. Astrocytes are involved in neurotransmitter recycling, antioxidant supply, ion buffering and neuroinflammation, i.e. a lot of the same pathways that go astray in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD remains the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, one for which there is still no cure. Efforts in AD drug development have largely focused on treating neuronal pathologies that appear relatively late in the disease. The neuroenergetic hypothesis, however, focuses on the early event of glucose hypometabolism in AD, where astrocytes play a key role, caused by an imbalanced neuron-astrocyte lactate shuttle. This further results in a state of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thereby compromising the integrity of astrocyte-neuron interaction. Compromised astrocytic energetics also enhance amyloid generation, further increasing the severity of the disease. Additionally, apolipoprotein E (APOE), the major genetic risk factor for AD, is predominantly secreted by astrocytes and plays a critical role in amyloid clearance and regulates glucose metabolism in an amyloid-independent manner. Thus, boosting the neuroprotective properties of astrocytes has potential applications in delaying the onset and progression of AD. This review explores how the metabolic dysfunction arising from astrocytes acts as a trigger for the development of AD.
Exceptionally versatile – arginine in bacterial post-translational protein modifications
Authors: Lassak Jürgen , Koller Franziska , Krafczyk Ralph , Volkwein Wolfram
Published: June 2019

Post-translational modifications (PTM) are the evolutionary solution to challenge and extend the boundaries of genetically predetermined proteomic diversity. As PTMs are highly dynamic, they also hold an enormous regulatory potential. It is therefore not surprising that out of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, 15 can be post-translationally modified. Even the relatively inert guanidino group of arginine is subject to a multitude of mostly enzyme mediated chemical changes. The resulting alterations can have a major influence on protein function. In this review, we will discuss how bacteria control their cellular processes and develop pathogenicity based on post-translational protein-arginine modifications.
Abstieg trotz Bildung
Authors: Steinmayr Markus
Published: June 2019

Many figures of educational descent are to be found in contemporary German literature. This article takes this observation as an opportunity to bring together social science descriptions of the present (precarity) with arguments of form and genre (Bildungsroman, Angestelltenroman). The main features of a poetics of social politics are developed from readings of Thomas Melle’s 3000 Euro, Robert Kisch’s Möbelhaus, and Kristine Bilkau’s Die Glücklichen, a politics that takes the welfare state programming of the social as an opportunity to inquire about the function of literary representation in the culture of the welfare state (Franz Xaver Kaufmann).
Funde in Schichten
Authors: Vogel Juliane
Published: June 2019

A key passage in Adalbert Stifter’s Der Nachsommer (Indian Summer) tells of the discovery of an antique marble statue in Cumae, Italy. The account can be read as an archeological scene in which a pretext, Prosper Mérimée’s La Vénus d’Ille, is overwritten and inverted. Both texts were written by authors who were officially nominated inspectors of historical monuments; both reflect on archeological practices related to national heritage. While Mérimée’s novella satirizes a destructive practice of exposure, Stifter promotes a gentle form of excavation in order to restore an intact antiquity. The passage refers to a stratigraphic concept discussed in contemporary archeology which also characterizes the working method of the author himself: a writing in ‘layers’ of pretexts and subtexts that at the same time removes and stacks different levels of structure and meaning.
»Bildung und Wissen, und zwar in volkstümlicher Weise, dem allgemeinen Verständnis zugänglich machen«
Authors: Jürgensen Christoph
Published: June 2019

The nineteenth-century journal Westermanns Monatshefte was a publication that aimed to collect and register the contemporary knowledge of its time for a bourgeois audience. In doing so, the journal served – as this article will show – as a tradition-generating institution within the cultural field. With respect to the literary field in particular, this cultural journal tried to promote a traditional form of novella as a leading literary genre, an endeavour which can particularly be seen in the journal’s collaboration with Paul Heyse.
Investigation of Soil Contamination With Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts in Different Regions of Yazd, Central Iran
Authors: Mirzaei Farzaneh , Zibaei Mohammad , Mohaghegh Mohammad Ali , Raissi Vahid
Published: June 2019

Background: Cryptosporidium species are coccidian parasites that cause gastrointestinal disorders in humans and other animals worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the rate of contamination with Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in soils collected from public parks, primary schools, green areas, kindergartens, suburban areas, streets, residential complexes, backyards and a passenger terminal in Yazd, central Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to February 2015, and the samples were collected from 9 different study sites and 56 regions. Soil samples were investigated by flotation technique and modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Finally, the slides were examined with a light microscope. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0 and chi-square statistical test. Results: Of a total of 220 soil samples, 47 (21.36%) were found to contain Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the contamination rate and different study sites in Yazd, central Iran (P>0.05). The highest contamination rate was observed in public parks (38.3%) and the lowest in passenger terminal, kindergartens and streets (4.25%) (P=0.934). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the contamination of soil with Cryptosporidium spp. can be considered a serious problem in Yazd, central Iran. It should be considered particularly in public parks.
Genotype Characterization of Human Hydatid Cyst Isolates From Patients in Karaj, Iran, Using COX1 Gene Sequence
Authors: Salimi Maryam , Miahipour Abolfazl , Zibaei Mohammad , Rezaie Sasan
Published: June 2019

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a main zoonotic infection. It can cause serious clinical problems for human health around the world. Genotypic specification of Echinococcus granulosus in human is important due to control and prevention programs. Objective: In this investigation, genetic characteristics of human isolates of E. granulosus in Karaj, Iran, were studied. Materials and Methods: In this review, 3 isolates of surgically removed hydatid cysts were obtained from patients in Shahid Madani hospital, Karaj, Iran in 2014. DNA was extracted from the protoscolex of the cyst, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was done on the COX1 gene. Results: DNA fragments were sequenced and the results were aligned and analyzed. Among the isolates, 3 (100%) were E. granulosus (G1) strain. Conclusion: The G1 genotype was the most superior strain from human isolates of hydatid cyst in Karaj.
Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Molecular Phylogeny of Biofilm Forming Bacteria From Clinical and Non-clinical Environment in Southern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Nain Zulkar , Islam Md. Ariful , Minnatul Karim Mohammad
Published: June 2019

Background: Biofilm is a surface adhered extracellular polymer matrix produced by bacteria. The establishment of biofilms is considered as an important pathogenic trait in many chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate biofilm forming potency and antibiotic resistance (AR) pattern in clinical and non-clinical bacterial isolates, and their phylogenetic characterization. Materials and Methods: A total of 82 bacterial isolates were obtained from clinical settings and animal farms from southern (Kushtia-Jhenaidah) region of Bangladesh. Biofilm forming potentials and AR profile were evaluated by standard biofilm assay and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, respectively. Further, antibiotic exposure was assessed by multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) value indexing. Furthermore, statistical methods were applied to estimate the relationship between AR and biofilm formation. Finally, selected isolates were characterized by morphological and biochemical tests, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Clinical isolates showed higher biofilm formation (OD595=1.17±0.03) than non-clinical isolates (OD595=0.68±0.03). Among all, Pseudomonas isolates produced the highest amount of biofilms (OD595=2.08±0.02). The AR profiles fell within 46.67-86.67% and MAR index ranged from 0.47 to 0.87. Moreover, a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between biofilm formation and AR. Eventually, heavy biofilm producers with ≥60% resistance profile were characterized and identified as Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus sciuri, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: In general, biofilm formation and MAR were highly correlated regardless of the source, type, and environment of the isolates. Therefore, a rigorous evaluation of both biofilm formation and AR is demanded to minimize AR and associated problems.
Colorado Lightning Climatology
Authors: Hodanish Stephen , Vogt Brandon , Wolyn Paul
Published: June 2019

Average cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash density values for Colorado are analyzed for the 21-yr period 1996–2016. An annual mean map and monthly mean maps of flash density provide insight into the thunderstorm/lightning climatology over the complex physical landscapes of Colorado. Findings include that 1) the Denver convergence/vorticity zone regional circulation influences the CG lightning distribution across the northeastern Colorado region; 2) moisture associated with the North American monsoon increases CG
lightning over the entire state, focusing along the southern exposures of the San Juan Mountains; and 3) the highest concentrations of CG lightning occur where moisture, lift, and instability are maximized.
The Influence of Creative Accounting to the Formation of the Accounting Policy and Accounting’s Results
Authors: Bachtijeva Diana
Published: June 2019

The accounting's policy choice and creating is influenced by accounting theory, impact factors, each company's objectives, and this makes company unique. Legislation for businesses in creating accounting policies allow to choose the following accounting methods and techniques that are most revealing aspects of the activities of the enterprise. In cases where the situation is not exactly to regulate the law is left to creativity. There is a need to apply creative accounting, which is identified as a factor influencing the choice of accounting policy. Taking into account the environmental factors of the company, creative accounting is applying in different accounting areas and in different volumes, while the accounting policy structure is forming. The main source of information about the company's financial position and the results are financial statements. On financial statements basis, information users make decisions. In order to influence information users decision's, company starts to manipulate financial data. In order to influence consumer decisions, creative accounting is used to manipulate financial data, which results in higher or lower company profits and distorts other financial information. On misleading data basis made financial statements not reflect a true and fair view of the company. The size of the distortion of information's, investigations are not carried out In Lithuania. The purpose of the study is analysis of the relationship of creative accounting and accounting policy and determinate the creative accounting impact to the formation of the accounting policy and accounting's results. Methods of analysis, data systematization, comparative, grouping and modeling were used during the research.

JEL classification: M41
Comunidad, modernidad y campesinado: reflexiones filosóficas a partir de un conflicto territorial
Authors: Liceaga Gabriel
Published: June 2019

Este artículo trata acerca del concepto de comunidad en el contexto latinoamericano contemporáneo. Su objetivo principal es comprender qué resonancias despierta este concepto y por qué su utilización se torna recurrente, en la medida en que avanzan los procesos de modernización capitalista en curso. El punto de partida de este trabajo es una investigación acerca de un conflicto territorial que tiene lugar en la provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) desde el año 2006. Teniendo como referencia esta investigación, se articula el análisis de fuentes primarias con la consideración de procesos macro-sociales, que son aprehendidos a través del uso de categorías filosóficas. Como principal resultado, se logra un análisis empíricamente fundado de las dimensiones filosóficas del concepto de comunidad, que destaca sus proyecciones utópicas.
Turismo y política turística. Un análisis teórico desde la ciencia política
Authors: Schenkel Erica
Published: June 2019

La investigación aborda a nivel teórico la significancia pública del turismo y las relaciones que se producen con la política turística como instrumento de los gobiernos para intervenir en su desarrollo. La originalidad en el planteamiento que se presenta se fundamenta en la adopción del análisis de política pública como perspectiva teórica, conciliando enfoques usualmente distantes, provenientes tanto del turismo como de la ciencia política. Transcurrido más de medio siglo de las primeras iniciativas estatales, aún no existe un acuerdo en torno a los enfoques sobre el estudio de la política turística y los campos de intereses de la misma: por un lado, se ha desarrollado un enfoque económico que la define como una política sectorial de la económica; y por otro, una perspectiva integral, que considera la política turística un campo multidisciplinar. El análisis refleja que la ciencia política emerge como una ciencia fundamental para el estudio del turismo, propiciando instrumentos metodológicos y concepciones que facilitan su entendimiento desde una perspectiva crítica.