bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Szanse reintegracji a remediacja cyfrowa geografii
Authors: Werner Piotr
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, geographers and specialists in other disciplines perceive information and communication technologies, including GIS software, as part of the inevitable changes in practice and science (including geography). Recent ways of generating, processing, storing, analyzing and sharing data, creating and sharing texts, visualizing, mapping, analyzing, communicating ideas, video, podcasts, and presentations, sharing information, social networks and mainstream media are entirely dependent on computing technologies. Modern science in the digital age uses big data, artificial intelligence – machine learning methods (data mining, pattern recognition, geovisualization, spatial statistics, optimization and spatial simulation), which in turn have renewed interest in and ties with the fields of computational social sciences and data-driven geography, to gain deeper insights into quantitative, time-scale, multi-resolution and multi-scale research. The tool and product of a geographer’s research is, among other things, the map, a medium, a vehicle for geographic theories and ideas and a tool for conveying geo-information. However, the remediation of a traditional map into a digital map involves the transformation, addition, restriction or change of the meaning system of the original. The new digital medium arouses different attitudes, different emotions and triggers new practices of receiving geo-information among professionals and the public. Undoubtedly, this also applies to researchers–geographers who apply in their geospatial research multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary approaches based on different research paradigms. Integrated and problem-focused scientific discourse in geographic research and digital remediation of maps allow us to look at the future of (currently diversified) geographic research with some hope for its reintegration. The aim of the paper is to identify the possibilities, current and prospective paths and research topics of geography in Poland, which are interdisciplinary, combining the field of interest of physical, socio-economic geographers and specialists of space economy, using the modern instrumentarium of information and communication technologies in geography, i.e. geographic information systems.
Teaching Writing Using Genre-Based Approach in Narrative Text
Authors: Pitri Pitri , Rohbiah Tatu Siti , As’ari As’ari
Published: April 2024

This research aims to measure the effectiveness of the genre-based approach in teaching narrative text writing in class x at MA Daar Et-Taqwa petir, kabupaten Serang. The number of students in the experimental class was 15 people and in the control class there were 15 people. In this research, the method used is the quasi-experimental method. The sample was selected by using cluster sampling. In collecting data, the researcher used instruments in the form of observation, and written tests for pre-test and post-test. After giving the post-test, the researcher analyzed the data using SPSS version 26.The results of the research show that the difference in the average posttest score of students in the experimental class is 74.46, which is greater than the average posttest score of students in the control class of 63. Based on the t-test value (0.000), it is smaller than the significance level a (0, 05) so it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This shows that there are differences in student learning outcomes in the experimental class when compared with learning outcomes in the control class. Thus, the use of a genre-based approach is effective in teaching writing narrative texts in class x at MA Daar Et-Taqwa Petir, Kabupaten Serang.
EFL Pre-service Teacher Profile: A Level of Reflection Regarding Professionalism Readiness
Authors: Cahya Nur , Suharsih Siti , Wijayanti Murti Ayu , Leksono Suroso Mukti
Published: April 2024

LPTK (Educational University) has a function and role in preparing professional prospective teachers. One of the indicators that must have is the ability to reflect on learning. The function of learning reflection has the aim of improving sustainable learning. the researcher would like to focus this study to find out how the level of reflection and to examine the level of reflection This research involve qualitative research, The data collection technique in this research is documentation of articles related to the research problem and the interview. The research instrument in this study is the reflection journal done by students when they have completed the learning. Then, the researcher conduct interviews with students regarding matters related to the results of the data.According to the results of the reflective learning journal worksheets conducted by EFL preservice teachers, there are (76.47%) at level C, (17.65%) at level D, and (5.88%) at level B. EFL preservice teachers unable to reach the highest level of reflection because a) Lack of understanding of reflective learning journals b) Difficulties getting to begin writing.This study concludes that the level of reflection level of EFL pre-service teachers are on average. Reflective learning journals need to be done regularly in every lesson to increase the level of reflection. Preparing professional EFL preservice teachers require a significant increase in the level of reflection.
The relationship between COVID-19 blues, grit, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction of the University Students in Tourism-Related Departments
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Han Sue Youn
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of grit and self-efficacy on life satisfaction among college students majoring in hotel, aviation, and tourism, and to explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction. A survey was conducted among 230 undergraduate students from both two-year and four-year universities, with 216 valid responses utilized for analysis. Data collected through the survey were analyzed using AMOS 18.0 and SPSS 18.0 software. The results indicate that grit positively influences self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Additionally, self-efficacy positively influences life satisfaction. The mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between grit and life satisfaction was confirmed. It is interpreted that grit positively impacted students, enabling them to persevere and support themselves during the prolonged pandemic, when short-term employment outcomes were challenging. In conclusion, there is a likelihood that individuals with higher self-belief tend to view life with a more positive attitude and experience greater satisfaction. This study contributes by attempting to understand the life satisfaction of college students experiencing COVID-19 blues and providing foundational data on grit and self-efficacy as variables to enhance life satisfaction.
Machine Learning-powered 28-day Mortality Prediction Model for Hospitalized Patients with Acute Decompensation of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Al Alawi Abdullah M. , Al Kaabi Hoor , Al Falahi Zubaida , Al-Naamani Zakariya , Al Busafi Said
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are persistent global health threats, ranking among the top causes of death. Despite medical advancements, their mortality rates have remained stagnant for decades. Existing scoring systems such as Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease have limitations, prompting the exploration of more accurate predictive methods using artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all adult patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis admitted to a tertiary hospital during 2015–2021. The dataset underwent preprocessing to handle missing values and standardize continuous features. Traditional ML and deep learning algorithms were applied to build a 28-day mortality prediction model. Results: The subjects were 173 cirrhosis patients, whose medical records were examined. We developed and evaluated multiple models for 28-day mortality prediction. Among traditional ML algorithms, logistic regression outperformed was achieving an accuracy of 82.9%, precision of 55.6%, recall of 71.4%, and an F1-score of 0.625. Naive Bayes and Random Forest models also performed well, both achieving the same accuracy (82.9%) and precision (54.5%). The deep learning models (multilayer artificial neural network, recurrent neural network, and Long Short-Term Memory) exhibited mixed results, with the multilayer artificial neural network achieving an accuracy of 74.3% but lower precision and recall. The feature importance analysis identified key predictability contributors, including admission in the intensive care unit (importance: 0.112), use of mechanical ventilation (importance: 0.095), and mean arterial pressure (importance: 0.073). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential of ML in predicting 28-day mortality following hospitalization with acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest models proved effective, while deep learning models exhibited variable performance. These models can serve as useful tools for risk stratification and timely intervention. Implementing these models in clinical practice has the potential to improve patient outcomes and resource allocation.
Ways to Increase the Efficiency of Investment Activities of Insurance Companies in Uzbekistan
Authors: Babaeva N. M.
Published: April 2024

This article aims to develop scientific and methodological proposals and practical recommendations to improve the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment activities of insurance organizations. The work uses scientific methods for studying the processes of economic reality - systematic analysis, generalization, grouping, observation, logical and comparative methods of analysis, abstract logical thinking, comparative analysis, mathematical modeling, econometric analysis, actuarial calculations, etc. Based on the systematization of information on investment activities, investment policies, and experience of insurance companies in developed countries, the use of statistical and mathematical methods of data processing, diversification of the financial and investment activities of insurance companies, recommendations, and indicators used to assess the effectiveness of insurance companies have been developed, identified and classified into individual areas, external and internal factors influencing the financial stability of insurance organizations, the possibilities of increasing the amount of profit they receive are substantiated, proposals are given to improve the methodology for managing the investment portfolio of insurance companies, and prospects for the development of modern options for investment activities are identified. The effective organization of the mechanism for monitoring the financial stability of insurance companies allows for minimizing the level of missed opportunities in achieving the company’s strategic goals based on econometric forecasting of financial stability and assessment of financial risks. In order to strengthen the role of insurance companies in increasing the investment potential of the country Uzbekistan, it is proposed to develop the securities market, the market for government, corporate, and municipal bonds.
Analysis of the Current Personnel Situation in the Field of Science in Kazakhstan: Gender Aspect
Authors: Kangalakova D. M. , Satpayeva M. T. , Ibraimova S. Z. , Battalov N. N.
Published: April 2024

One of the main factors in the development of the state’s economy is science and innovation, namely human resources that realize these resources, with the help of high-quality scientists. In this regard, the purpose of the research article is to analyze the current state of personnel status in the field of science, identify gender characteristics, and give recommendations for improving personnel status. In the course of the study, an integrated approach was used, which included methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparative analysis. In addition, general scientific methods such as abstraction and deduction were used. As an information base, statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics for the period 2018-2022 were used. In addition, the UN reports on science were used. In the course of the study, the results were obtained that there is a shortage of personnel in the field of science, a decrease in the number of scientists in technical specialties, low wages in this field, a small number of scientists with academic degrees, and gender inequality. To ensure economic development, it was proposed to rethink the education system and the field of science and the directions in which the problem of personnel in the field of science could be developed. The theoretical results of the study can be used in the continuation of research related to the personnel situation in the field of science. The results of the study can find practical application in reports, strategies and programs of government agencies.
The Agro-Industrial Complex of the China and the Position of the State in the World Market
Authors: Kuzmina V. M. , Sapryka V. A.
Published: April 2024

The PRC is integrated into various economic communities, which allows it to play a significant role in the world market in the production of not only industrial products, but also agricultural ones. The purpose of this article is to analyze the export-import policy and dynamics of mutual trade in agricultural products between the EAEU and China, as well as the capitalization structure of Chinese agro-industrial companies. The article examines the legal basis of the export-import agricultural policy of the PRC, analyzes the dynamics of export-import of agricultural products between the EAEU and China, presents the distribution of Chinese agro-industrial companies by type of business and the distribution of capital of Chinese agro-industrial companies. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis of the studied material based on statistical data from the OECD, the World Bank, the IMF, the UN FAO, FAPRI, as well as the ministries specialized in agriculture of the PRC and the Russian Federation from 2015 to 2022. According to the forecast for 2023, India, China, Africa and a number of Central Asian countries will experience a decrease in world prices for agricultural products. The main conclusion is that China will remain self-sufficient in major crops, although production growth will slow in the coming years
Sustainable Farming: Insights from Data Clustering
Authors: Akhmetkyzy A. , Nurmukhametov N. N. , Nurgabylov M. N.
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the perceptions and practices of the agricultural community regarding eco-friendly technologies and air pollution through a detailed clustering analysis of survey data. The primary objective is to identify distinct groups within the agricultural sector based on their responses to various factors, including demographic information, types of crops grown, perceptions of air pollution, and attitudes toward sustainable practices. The analysis employs K-Means clustering to categorize respondents into three distinct clusters, each representing a unique combination of views and practices. The findings are visualized using scatter plots and box plots, offering a clear depiction of the variations and commonalities within each cluster. The study reveals significant diversity in the adoption and perception of eco-friendly practices in agriculture. Some groups demonstrate high satisfaction and effectiveness, indicating successful integration of sustainable methods, while others show skepticism and challenges, possibly due to economic constraints or lack of access to resources and knowledge. The economic interpretation of these clusters suggests that varying levels of resource availability, technological access, and knowledge dissemination influence differences in the adoption of sustainable practices. The study concludes with recommendations for targeted policy-making, educational initiatives, and resource allocation to support and enhance the adoption of eco-friendly practices across different segments of the agricultural community. This tailored approach can significantly contribute to the broader objective of promoting sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.
FORMAÇÃO EM MATEMÁTICA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana , Franqueira Alberto da Silva , Guimarães Iraides Pereira Neto , Oliveira Jacson King Valério , Pedra Rodrigo Rodrigues
Published: April 2024

With the great technological advances, new models of technologies began to appear, tools such as smartphones, data shows, computers, tablets, with this also the emergence of software and applications. This work addresses the importance and need for New Information Technologies and communication how it has been influencing our lives and how we can bring it to educational practices, especially in the educational practices of mathematics classes, the objective of the work is to show the best path for teaching and learning, as well as incorporating new technologies into our math classes.
Implementation of a VoF solver with phase change for the simulation of internal cavitation and droplet breakup in injectors
Authors: Dueholm Bjørn Christian , Christiansen Jesper de Claville , Endelt Benny , Kristensen Nikolaj , Hærvig Jakob
Published: April 2024

This study presents the implementation and derivation of a Volume of Fluid (VoF) solver capable of taking into account pressure driven phase change and handle three fluids. The implemented code is designed to investigate internal nozzle cavitation and subsequent injection and jet breakup. An extended cavitation model is also implemented that can handle phase change in the presence of a third phase. Detailed description and derivation of the mathematical system is presented. The solver is validated on a one-dimensional benchmark case from the literature and verified on an experimentally well-documented geometry. The verification shows the developing cavitation regime is well captured by comparing velocity profiles and flow images with experimental measurements and visualisation.
An improved BRDF hotspot model and its use in VLIDORT for studying the impact of atmospheric scattering on hotspot directional signatures in the atmosphere
Authors: Xiong Xiaozhen , Liu Xu , Spurr Robert , Zhao Ming , Yang Qiguang , Wu Wan , Lei Liqiao
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The term “hotspot” refers to the sharp increase in the reflectance occurring when incident (solar) and reflected (viewing) directions almost coincide in the backscatter direction. The accurate simulation of hotspot directional signatures is important for many remote sensing applications. The RossThick–LiSparse–Reciprocal (RTLSR) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is widely used in radiative transfer simulations, and the hotspot model mostly used is from Maignan–Bréon, but it typically requires large values of numerical quadrature and Fourier expansion terms in order to represent the hotspot accurately for its use coupled with atmospheric radiative transfer modeling (RTM). In this paper, we have developed a modified version based on the Maignan–Bréon's hotspot BRDF model that converges much faster numerically, making it more practical for use in the RTMs that require Fourier expansion of BRDF to simulate the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) hotspot signatures, such as in the RTM models using the Doubling–Adding or discrete ordinate method. Using the vector linearized discrete ordinate radiative transfer model (VLIDORT), we found that reasonable TOA–hotspot accuracy can be obtained with just 23 Fourier terms for clear atmosphere and 63 Fourier terms for atmosphere with aerosol scattering. In order to study the impact of molecular and aerosol scattering on hotspot signatures, we carried out a number of hotspot signature simulations with VLIDORT. We confirmed that (1) atmospheric molecule scattering and the existence of aerosol tend to smooth out the hotspot signature at the TOA and that (2) the hotspot signature at the TOA in the near-infrared is larger than in the visible, and its impact by surface reflectance is more significant. As the hotspot amplitude at the TOA with aerosol scattering included is smaller than that with molecular scattering only, the amplitude of hotspot signature at the surface is likely underestimated in the previous analysis based on the POLDER measurements, where the atmospheric correction was based on a single-scatter Rayleigh-only calculation. This modified model can calculate the amplitude of the hotspot accurately, and, as it agrees very well with the original RossThick model away from the hotspot region, this model can be simply used in conditions with and without hotspots. However, there are some differences in this modified model compared to the original Maignan–Bréon model for the scattering angles close to the hotspot point; thus, it may not be appropriate for those who need an exact representation of the hotspot angular signature.
The calcitic test growth rate of Spirillina vivipara (Foraminifera)
Authors: Nagai Yukiko , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Mamo Briony , Toyofuku Takashi
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Foraminifera encompass vastly differing morphologies, ecological preferences, and elemental/isotopic test compositions. The calcification mechanism is completely unknown for some wall-type taxa and might be different from that of well-studied groups. This study aims to understand the test growth and determine the calcification rate of Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg, 1843 (order Spirillinida) and to compare them to other foraminiferal species. Spirillinids have a closely coiled spiral chamber like a tube, yet their calcitic microstructure is unique amongst foraminifera. Calcification observations in S. vivipara facilitate the estimation of carbonate precipitation rates during active test growth, which are revealed to be independent of the individual's size. Spirillina vivipara grows its test in response to food availability, suggesting that calcification directly corresponds to cell growth. Time-lapse observations of S. vivipara indicate continuous growth, suggesting active growth phases interspersed with resting periods, hinting at potential biological rhythms in the growth and calcification process. We also implemented a 24 h observation period using calcein staining, showing calcite precipitation rates of 8.08 µm h−1, which corresponds to approximately 364 nmol cm−2 min−1 (i.e., 36.4 mg cm−2 min−1). These rates are higher than those of other foraminiferal species and those in most inorganic precipitation experiments. Such high rates in spirillinid foraminifera may explain their distinctive morphology, elemental composition, unusual reproduction, and ecological distribution.
An overview of outdoor low-cost gas-phase air quality sensor deployments: current efforts, trends, and limitations
Authors: Okorn Kristen , Iraci Laura T.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We reviewed 60 sensor networks and 15 related efforts (sensor review papers and data accessibility projects) to better understand the landscape of stationary low-cost gas-phase sensor networks deployed in outdoor environments worldwide. This study is not exhaustive of every gas-phase sensor network on the globe, but rather exists to categorize types of sensor networks by their key characteristics and explore general trends. This also exposes gaps in monitoring efforts to date, especially regarding the availability of gas-phase measurements compared to particulate matter (PM), and geographic coverage gaps (the global south, rural areas). We categorize ground-based networks that measure gas-phase air pollutants into two main subsets based on their deployment type: quasi-permanent (long-term) and campaign (short to medium-term) and explore commonplace practices, strengths, and weaknesses of stationary monitoring networks. We conclude with a summary of cross-network unification and quality control efforts. This work aims to help scientists looking to build a sensor network explore best practices and common pathways, and aid end users in finding low-cost sensor datasets that meet their needs.
Bridging the gap: a new module for human water use in the Community Earth System Model version 2.2.1
Authors: Taranu Sabin I. , Lawrence David M. , Wada Yoshihide , Tang Ting , Kluzek Erik , Rabin Sam , Yao Yi , De Hertog Steven J. , Vanderkelen Inne , Thiery Wim
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Water scarcity is often triggered by shifting climate patterns as well as rising water usage, yet state-of-the-art Earth system models typically do not represent human water demand. Here we present an enhancement to the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and its land (CLM) and river (MOSART) components by introducing sectoral water abstractions. The new module enables a better understanding of water demand and supply dynamics across various sectors, including domestic, livestock, thermoelectric, manufacturing, mining, and irrigation. The module conserves water by integrating abstractions from the land component with river component flows, and dynamically calculates daily water scarcity based on local demand and supply. Through land-only simulations spanning 1971–2010, we verify our model against known water scarcity hotspots, historical global water withdrawal trends, and regional variations in water use. Our findings reaffirm the role of irrigation in modulating local surface energy fluxes, while emphasizing the importance of including all sectors for water scarcity assessment capabilities. While the model captures global patterns, it also discerns regional nuances, expanding on the conventional focus on irrigation withdrawals in Earth system models (ESMs). Despite its advancements, the model's limitations, such as its exclusive focus on river water abstractions, highlight areas for potential future refinement. This research paves the way for a more holistic representation of human-water interactions in ESMs, aiming to inform sustainable water management decisions in an evolving global landscape.
Data quality control and calibration for mini-radiosonde system “Storm Tracker” in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Hung-Chi , Yo Ting-Shuo , Yu Hungjui , Su Shih-Hao , Liu Ching-Hwang , Lin Po-Hsiung
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This study introduced and evaluated the calibration schemes of a newly developed upper-air radiosonde instrument, “Storm Tracker” (ST), with data collected in field observations during 2016–2022. The ST is a radiosonde instrument developed and tested in 2016 (Hwang et al., 2020). In a series of field campaigns in the Taiwan area, more than one thousand co-launches of ST and Vaisala RS41-SGP (VS) are conducted. Using the VS measurements as the reference, we developed data correction methods and examined the characteristics of the ST sounding. The corrected ST soundings have 1-K temperature and 7 % relative humidity root mean square difference to the VS soundings. These error differences can be reduced to 0.66-K and 4.61 % below the 700-hPa height. The GPS estimated ST wind error difference is about 0.05 ms-1. The results suggested that the ST can perform similarly to the reference sounding and has reached the level required for environmental sampling and scientific research. The geostrophic adjustment dynamics indicate that the spatial temperature variation in the free atmosphere may not be large. However, the lower atmosphere may have large wind, temperature, and moisture variations. Due to the relatively low cost and accuracy after correction, ST can complement regular upper-air observations for high spatial and temporal resolution.
Atmospheric Black Carbon in the metropolitan area of La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia: concentration levels and emission sources
Authors: Mardoñez-Balderrama Valeria , Močnik Griša , Pandolfi Marco , Modini Robin , Velarde Fernando , Renzi Laura , Marinoni Angela , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Moreno R. Isabel , Aliaga Diego , Bianchi Federico , Mohr Claudia , Gysel-Beer Martin , Ginot Patrick , Krejci Radovan , Widensohler Alfred , Uzu Gaëlle , Andrade Marcos , Laj Paolo
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is a major component of sub-micron particulate matter (PM) with significant health and climate impacts. Many cities in emerging countries lack comprehensive knowledge about BC emissions and exposure levels. This study investigates BC concentration levels, identify its emission sources, and characterize the optical properties of BC at urban background sites of the two largest high-altitude Bolivian cities: La Paz (LP) (3600 m above sea level) and El Alto (EA) (4050 m a.s.l.) where atmospheric oxygen levels and intense radiation may affect BC production. The study relies on concurrent measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC), elemental carbon (EC), and refractory black carbon (rBC), and their comparison with analogous data collected at the nearby Global Atmosphere Watch-Chacaltaya station (5240 m a.s.l). The performance of two independent source-apportionment techniques was compared: a bilinear model and a least squares multilinear regression (MLR). Maximum eBC concentrations were observed during the local dry season (LP: eBC=1.5±1.6 μg m-3; EA: 1.9±2.0 μg m-3). While eBC concentrations are lower at the mountain station, daily transport from urban areas is evident. Average mass absorption cross sections of 6.6-8.2 m2 g-1 were found in the urban area at 637 nm. Both source apportionment methods exhibited a reasonable level of agreement in the contribution of biomass burning (BB) to absorption. The MLR method allowed the estimation of the contribution and the source-specific optical properties for multiple sources including open waste burning.
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of BC-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Jinbo , Wang Jiaping , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Tengyu , Chi Xuguang , Huang Xin , Ge Dafeng , Lai Shiyi , Zhu Caijun , Wang Lei , Zha Qiaozhi , Qi Ximeng , Nie Wei , Fu Congbin , Ding Aijun
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region has distinct climate effect, which strongly depends on its mixing state. The aging processes of BC in TP are subject to emissions from various regions, resulting in considerable variability of its mixing state and physicochemical properties. However, the mechanism and magnitude of this effect are not yet clear. In this study, filed observations on physicochemical properties of BC-containing particles (PMBC) were conducted in the northeast (Xihai) and southeast (Lulang) regions of the TP to investigate the impacts of transported emissions from lower-altitude areas on BC characteristics in the TP. Large spatial discrepancies were found in the chemical composition of PMBC. Both sites showed higher concentrations of PMBC when they were affected by transported airmasses outside the TP, but with diverse chemical composition. Source apportionment for organic aerosol (OA) suggested that primary OA in the northeastern TP was attributed to hydrocarbon OA (HOA) from anthropogenic emissions, while it was dominated by biomass burning OA (BBOA) in the southeastern TP. Regarding secondary aerosol, a marked enhancement in nitrate fraction was observed on aged BC coating in Xihai when the airmasses were brought by updrafts and easterly winds from lower-altitude areas. With the development of boundary layer, the enhanced turbulent mixing promoted the elevation of anthropogenic pollutants. In contrast to Xihai, the thickly coated BC in Lulang was mainly caused by self-elevated biomass burning plume from the South Asia, showing a large contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The distinct transported emissions lead to substantial variations of both chemical composition and light absorption ability of BC across the TP. The thicker coating and higher mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of PMBC in airmasses elevated from lower-altitude regions reveals the promoted BC aging processes and their impacts on the mixing state and light absorption of BC in TP. These findings emphasize the vulnerability of plateau regions to influences of elevated emissions, leading to significant changes in BC concentration, mixing states and light absorption across the TP, which needs to be considered in the evaluation of BC radiative effects for the TP region.
Using a convection-permitting climate model to predict wine grape productivity: two case studies in Italy
Authors: Massano Laura Teresa , Fosser Giorgia , Gaetani Marco , Caillaud Cécile
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Viticulture is tied to climate, it influences the suitability of an area, yield and quality of wine grapes. Therefore, traditional wine-growing regions could be threatened by a changing climate. Italy is at-risk being part of the Mediterranean climatic hotspot and judged in 2022 the second-largest exporter of wine worldwide. The article explores the potential of climate models to predict wine grape productivity at local scale. To this end, both single and multi-regression approaches are used to link productivity data provided by two Italian wine consortia with bioclimatic indices. Temperature and precipitation-based bioclimatic indices are computed by using the observational dataset E-OBS, the high-resolution climate reanalysis product SPHERA, and both the Regional and the Convection-permitting Climate Model (RCM and CPM). The potential of CPMs to represent the impact of climate variability on wine grape productivity at local scale in Italy is evaluated. The results indicate high correlations between some bioclimatic indices and productivity. Climate models appear to be a useful tool to explain productivity variance, however, the added value of CPM, became evident only when precipitation-based indices are considered. This assessment opens the path for using climate models, especially at convection-permitting scale, to investigate future climate change impact on wine production.
A 28 time-points cropland area change dataset in Northeast China from 1000 to 2020
Authors: Jia Ran , Fang Xiuqi , Yang Yundi , Yokozawa Masayuki , Ye Yu
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Based on historical documents, population data, published results, remote sensing data products, statistical data and survey data, this study reconstructed the cropland area and the spatial pattern changes at 28 time points from 1000 to 2020 in Northeast China. 1000 to 1600 corresponds to historical provincial-level administrative districts, while 1700 to 2020 corresponds to modern county-level administrative districts. The main findings are as follows: (1) The cropland in Northeast China exhibited phase changes of expansion-reduction-expansion over the past millennium. (2) The cropland area in Northeast China increased from 0.55 × 104 km2 in 1000 to 37.90 × 104 km2 in 2020 and the average cropland fraction increased from 0.37 % to 26.27 %; (3) From 1000 to 1200, the cropland area exhibited an increasing trend, peaking in 1200. The scope of land reclamation was comparable to modern times, but the overall cropland fraction remained low. The cropland area significantly decreased between 1300 and 1600, with the main land reclamation area was reduced southward into Liaoning Province. From 1700 to 1850, the cropland area increased slowly, and the agricultural reclamation gradually expanded northward. After 1850, there was almost exponential growth, with the cropland area continuously expanding to the whole study area, and the growth trend persists until 2020; (4) The dataset of changes in cropland of administrative districts in Northeast China, reconstructed based on improved historical cropland reconstruction methods, significantly enhances time resolution and reliability. Additionally, the dataset shows the changing characteristics of cropland in Northeast China over the past millennium, especially over the past 300 years, which can provide a refined data base for building a historical cropland gridded dataset.
The Early Identification of Flash Flood Disasters: Mechanism, Model and Uncertainty
Authors: Yang Zhengli , Lu Heng , Song Kai , Zhang Zhijie , Liu Chao , Nie Ruihua , Ma Lei , Zhang Wanchang , Chen Chen , Zhang Min , Fan Gang
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Flash flood disasters are one of the major natural disasters in the world, and rapid and accurate early identification of flash flood disasters is the key to preventing and controlling them. In recent years, computer and spatial information technology development has promoted the advancement of early identification technology for flash floods. However, previous research has mainly focused on the impact of "water" and neglected the impact of "sediment" deposition on the rise of water levels. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of flash floods and improve the accuracy of early identification, this article first uses bibliometric methods to review the spatiotemporal distribution, internal relationships, and research hotspots of literature in this field over the past 42 years. Then, the research practice of considering the impact of sediment on the early identification of flash floods was introduced from three aspects: mechanism, model, and uncertainty. Finally, the existing problems in current research were discussed, and future research directions were proposed. The research results have shown that the number of publications in this field has been increasing yearly and will continue to increase, but the cooperation between authors is not close. The coupling effect between sediment replenishment and floods cannot be ignored. Taking into account multiple uncertainties can greatly improve recognition accuracy. This study can provide a panoramic literature perspective and practical research experience for relevant researchers and decision-makers and support further improving flash flood prevention and control capabilities.
Regional-scale analysis of weather-related rockfall triggering mechanisms in Norway, and its sensitivity to climate change
Authors: Palau Rosa M. , Gisnås Kjersti Gleditsch , Solheim Anders , Gilbert Graham Lewis
Published: April 2024

Abstract. This paper evaluates the relation between rockfall events and weather conditions for two regions in Norway – Romsdalen and Gudbrandsdalen and explores how rockfall frequency might change with future climate conditions. Our analysis focuses on understanding the relationship between rockfall occurrence and effective water inputs, including rainfall and snow melt, and temperature oscillations both in cold conditions (freeze-thaw cycles) and in warm conditions (hot-cold cycles). To accomplish this, regional weather data and rockfall information in the Norwegian Mass Movement Database have been employed. Our results indicate that temperature oscillations might be better suited than effective water input to depict the occurrence of rockfalls in the two study areas in Norway. Freeze-thaw cycles are most frequent during winter and spring, and hot-cold cycles are most frequent during summer. Climate change will affect rockfall seasonality and the frequency in which freeze-thaw cycles and hot-cold cycles are observed. Thus, altering the exposure of population and infrastructures to rockfalls.
NORAD Tracking of the 2022 February Starlink Satellites and the Immediate Loss of 32 Satellites
Authors: Guarnieri Fernando L. , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Hajra Rajkumar , Echer Ezequiel , Lakhina Gurbax S.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) tracking of the SpaceX Starlink satellite launch on 2022 February 3 is reviewed. Of the 49 Starlink satellites released into orbit, 38 were eventually lost. Thirty-two of the satellites were never tracked by NORAD. Two different physical mechanisms have been proposed published in Space Weather and one in arXiv to explain the satellite losses. It is argued that none of these three papers can explain the immediate loss of 32 of the 49 satellites. We suggest NORAD satellite tracking information for scientists to further investigate possible loss mechanisms.
Assimilation of satellite swaths versus daily means of sea ice concentration in a regional coupled ocean–sea ice model
Authors: Durán Moro Marina , Sperrevik Ann Kristin , Lavergne Thomas , Bertino Laurent , Gusdal Yvonne , Iversen Silje Christine , Rusin Jozef
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Operational forecasting systems routinely assimilate daily means of sea ice concentration (SIC) from microwave radiometers in order to improve the accuracy of the forecasts. However, the temporal and spatial averaging of the individual satellite swaths into daily means of SIC entails two main drawbacks: (i) the spatial resolution of the original product is blurred (especially critical in periods with strong sub-daily sea ice movement), and (ii) the sub-daily frequency of passive microwave observations in the Arctic are not used, providing less temporal resolution in the data assimilation (DA) analysis and, therefore, in the forecast. Within the SIRANO (Sea Ice Retrievals and data Assimilation in NOrway) project, we investigate how challenges (i) and (ii) can be avoided by assimilating individual satellite swaths (level 3 uncollated) instead of daily means (level 3) of SIC. To do so, we use a regional configuration of the Barents Sea (2.5 km grid) based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) together with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as the DA system. The assimilation of individual swaths significantly improves the EnKF analysis of SIC compared to the assimilation of daily means; the mean absolute difference (MAD) shows a 10 % improvement at the end of the assimilation period and a 7 % improvement at the end of the 7 d forecast period. This improvement is caused by better exploitation of the information provided by the SIC swath data, in terms of both spatial and temporal variance, compared to the case when the swaths are combined to form a daily mean before assimilation.
Machine learning methods to improve spatial predictions of coastal wind speed profiles and low-level jets using single-level ERA5 data
Authors: Hallgren Christoffer , Aird Jeanie A. , Ivanell Stefan , Körnich Heiner , Vakkari Ville , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C. , Sahlée Erik
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Observations of the wind speed at heights relevant for wind power are sparse, especially offshore, but with emerging aid from advanced statistical methods, it may be possible to derive information regarding wind profiles using surface observations. In this study, two machine learning (ML) methods are developed for predictions of (1) coastal wind speed profiles and (2) low-level jets (LLJs) at three locations of high relevance to offshore wind energy deployment: the US Northeastern Atlantic Coastal Zone, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea. The ML models are trained on multiple years of lidar profiles and utilize single-level ERA5 variables as input. The models output spatial predictions of coastal wind speed profiles and LLJ occurrence. A suite of nine ERA5 variables are considered for use in the study due to their physics-based relevance in coastal wind speed profile genesis and the possibility to observe these variables in real-time via measurements. The wind speed at 10 ma.s.l. and the surface sensible heat flux are shown to have the highest importance for both wind speed profile and LLJ predictions. Wind speed profile predictions output by the ML models exhibit similar root mean squared error (RMSE) with respect to observations as is found for ERA5 output. At typical hub heights, the ML models show lower RMSE than ERA5 indicating approximately 5 % RMSE reduction. LLJ identification scores are evaluated using the symmetric extremal dependence index (SEDI). LLJ predictions from the ML models outperform predictions from ERA5, demonstrating markedly higher SEDIs. However, optimization utilizing the SEDI results in a higher number of false alarms when compared to ERA5.
The Impacts of Digital Trade on Environmental Quality in Case of Developing Countries
Authors: Pariyar Anita , Guo Ping , Pan Guoqin , Dastgeer Awais
Published: April 2024

Digital trade (DT) raises the incentives for developing economies, like China, India, Bangladesh, Brazil and Turkey's economic growth, to attain environmental quality, which is assessed by lowering carbon emissions, within the framework of the dual carbon targets. This study investigates the impact of DT development on carbon emissions by empirical means and their heterogeneity using panel data. Regression result shows that DT development considerably lowers the carbon emissions in the surrounding area. Utilizing its influence on upgrading industrial structure, fostering the development of green technologies, and growing economic size, DT can lower regional carbon emissions. The impact of DT on reducing carbon emissions will diminish as trade liberalization rises and carbon intensity declines. The study's conclusions are crucial from a practical perspective to effectively address climate change, achieve the carbon neutrality target, and promote better economic development.
Optimisation of Pedal Power Output and Pedalling Rate Based on the Physiological Response of Male Agricultural Worker
Authors: V. V. Aware  , A. K. Mehta
Published: April 2024

Human power can be better utilised in rotary mode either by cranking or by pedalling. In occupational workload, pedalling is preferred over cranking as the former results less physiological cost. The present study aimed to determine the most economical pedalling rates at various power outputs as well as to arrive at the optimum power output and pedalling rate combination. Ten male subjects participated as replications with two independent parameters viz. power output (4 levels) and pedalling rate (5 levels). Three physiological parameters viz HR, OCR and ∆HR were studied. It was observed that all physiological parameters initially decreased, and then increased following a curvilinear relationship with respect to pedalling rate for all power outputs. The limiting power output for male agricultural workers was about 60 W in pedalling mode with pedalling rate 60 rpm. The HR, ∆HR and OCR at this power–pedalling rate combination were 116 beats.min-1, 33 beat.min-1 and 0.8 l.min-1, respectively.
Hybrid Greenhouse Dryer for Paddy
Authors: M. Madhava  , Sivala Kumar  , D. Bhaskara Rao  , D. D. Smith  , H. V. Hema Kumar
Published: April 2024

A forced convection greenhouse dryer was developed and used for drying of freshly harvested paddy. The solar greenhouse dryer of size 4.47 × 2.13 m with 2.59 m central height was constructed and covered with 6 mm polycarbonates sheet. Photovoltaic power driven direct current fans were used to provide forced ventilation. Freshly harvested paddy was dried at 50, 100 and 150 mm bed thickness in the hybrid greenhouse dryer and open sun drying during kharif and rabi seasons of 2016. The kharif harvested paddy was dried from 25.3 % to 12.0 % (w.b.) moisture content at 100 mm bed thickness within 21 h, 28 h of drying in the hybrid greenhouse dryer and open sun drying, respectively. Highest drying rates were 1.54 kg.h-1 and 1.35 kg.h-1 in greenhouse dryer and open sun drying, respectively. During rabi season, paddy was dried from 22.8 % to 12.0 % (w.b.) moisture content within 19 h and 25 h with highest drying rates of 1.65 kg.h-1 and 0.97 kg.h-1, respectively, in the hybrid greenhouse dryer and open sun drying. Thermal efficiency of the greenhouse dryer was 28.15 % and 22.15 %, and pickup efficiency was 15.49 % and 14.88 % during kharif and rabi seasons, respectively.