bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bytízite, a new Cu-Sb selenide from Příbram, Czech Republic
Authors: Škácha Pavel , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub
Published: June 2017

The new mineral bytízite was found in the dump of shaft No. 16, one of the mines in the Příbram uranium and base-metal district, central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Bytízite is associated with chaméanite, příbramite, giraudite, berzelianite, umangite, eskebornite, hakite, tetrahedrite, bukovite, crookesite and uraninite in a calcite-dominant gangue. The new mineral occurs as anhedral grains up to 40 µm, growing together in aggregates up to 300 µm across. Bytízite is steel-grey in colour and has a metallic lustre. Mohs hardness is ca. 2–3; the calculated density is 6.324 g cm–3. In reflected light bytízite is grey with a yellowish hue, yellowish and brownish. Bireflectance and pleochroism are weak. Anisotropy is strong with grey to brownish rotation tints. Internal reflections were not observed. The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe analyses, is (Cu3.00Fe0.01Ag0.01)3.02(Sb0.97As0.06)1.03Se2.94. The ideal formula is Cu3SbSe3, which requires Cu 34.71, Sb 22.16 and Se 43.13, total 100.00 wt.%. Bytízite is orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 7.9594(12), b = 10.5830(14), c = 6.8240(11) Å, with V = 574.82(15) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I)(hkl)] are: 3.73(37)(210), 3.27(62)(211), 2.867(40)(022), 2.698(100)(122) and 2.646(37)(040). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (Robs = 0.0437), bytízite is isostructural with synthetic Cu3SbSe3. The structure of bytízite contains two Cu, one Sb, and two Se sites (the latter is occupied both by Se and S atoms). In the structure of both synthetic Cu3SbSe3 and bytízite, there are groups of three cis-edge-sharing tetrahedra [Cu3Se8], which are interlinked to a 3D framework by SbSe3 groups. Bytízite is named after its type locality, the Bytíz deposit, near the village Bytíz.
Gadolinite-(Nd), a new member of the gadolinite supergroup from Fe-REEdeposits of Bastnäs-type, Sweden
Authors: Škoda Radek , Plášil Jakub , Čopjaková Renata , Novák Milan , Jonsson Erik , Galiová Michaela Vašinová , Holtstam Dan
Published: June 2017

A new member of the gadolinite supergroup, gadolinite-(Nd), IMA2016-013, ideally Nd2FeBe2Si2O10, was found in the Malmkärra mine, ~3.5 km WSW of Norberg, south-central Sweden, where it occurs in association with fluorbritholite-(Ce), västmanlandite-(Ce), dollaseite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce) and tremolite. Gadolinite-(Nd) forms anhedral grains up to 150 µm in size, commonly occurring as aggregates of olive green colour. The crystals are transparent with vitreous to adamantine lustre. Gadolinite-(Nd) is brittle with conchoidal fracture, no cleavage or parting was observed. It has a white streak, the Mohs hardness is 6.5–7 and the calculated density is 4.86 g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is weakly pleochroic in shades of olive green, biaxial (–), nα = 1.78(1), nβ(calc.) = 1.80, nγ = 1.81(1) measured in white light, 2V(meas.) = 62(3)°. Electron-microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis [in wt.%] provided SiO221.77, Y2O35.49, La2O32.78, Ce2O314.04, Pr2O33.28, Nd2O319.27, Sm2O35.30, Eu2O30.24, Gd2O34.10, Tb2O30.36, Dy2O31.32, Ho2O30.18, Er2O30.38, MgO 0.51, CaO 0.14, MnO 0.10, FeO 10.62, B2O30.10, BeOcalc.8.99, H2Ocalc.0.55 and total 99.52 giving the following empirical formula (based on 2 Si): (Nd0.632Ce0.472Y0.268Sm0.168Gd0.125Pr0.110La0.094Dy0.039Ca0.014Er0.011Tb0.011Eu0.008Ho0.008)∑1.957(Fe0.816Mg0.070Mn0.008)∑0.894(Be1.984B0.016)∑2.000Si2O9.660OH0.337. A weak Raman vibration band at ~3525 cm–1confirms the presence of water in the structure. Gadolinite-(Nd) is monoclinic,P21/c, witha = 4.8216(3) Å,b = 7.6985(4) Å,c = 10.1362(6) Å, β = 90.234(4)°,V = 376.24(6) Å3andZ = 2. The strongest X-ray diffraction lines are [dobsin Å (hkl)Irel]: 4.830 (100) 72, 3.603 (021) 37, 3.191(-112) 52, 3.097 (013) 35, 2.888 (121) 100, 2.607(113) 49, 2.412 (200) 24. Along with the Malmkärra mine, gadolinite-(Nd) was also recorded also at Johannagruvan and Nya Bastnäs. The minerals of the gadolinite subgroup together with fluorbritholite-(Ce) incorporate the highest fraction of medium-to-heavy rare-earth elements among associated rare-earth element minerals in the Malmkärra mine and possibly in all Bastnäs-type deposits.
An original and effective technique to improve exposure in open surgery
Authors: Nohuz E. , Chêne G.
Published: June 2017

Background

Exposure, especially when the organs are enlarged, remains one of the most important issue in open surgery. Considering this constraint appears critical in the progress of the surgical procedure. We highlight our technique which affords optimal exposure and improves manipulation and extraction of enlarged organs.

Results

This original and effective technique is derived from an obstetrical device used to perform an assisted vaginal delivery. It improves exposure, reduces tissue manipulation, and enhances removal of the surgical specimen during hysterectomies and myomectomies. It can be similarly helpful sometimes to grasp and remove (by mini laparotomy) enlarged adnexa during laparoscopic procedures. Moreover, this trick appears particularly suited in case of obese patients.

Conclusion

This new technique procures a real benefit for both the patient and the surgeon in terms of ergonomics and safety.
Applying principal component analysis to seismic attributes for interpretation of evaporite facies: Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Hu Suyun , Zhao Wenzhi , Xu Zhaohui , Zeng Hongliu , Fu Qilong , Jiang Lei , Shi Shuyuan , Wang Zecheng , Liu Wei
Published: June 2017

In China and elsewhere, it is important to predict different lithologies and lithofacies for hydrocarbon exploration in a mixed evaporite-carbonate-siliciclastic system. The lower section of the second member of the Jialingjiang Formation (T1j2L) is mainly composed of anhydrite, dolostone, limestone, and siliciclastic rocks, providing a rare opportunity to reconstruct detailed facies in a [Formula: see text] 3D seismic survey with 31 wells. Wireline logs (sonic, density, and gamma ray) calibrated by core analysis are essential in distinguishing anhydrite, siliciclastics, and carbonates. Although different lithologies are characterized by different acoustic impedance (AI), with certain overlapping, it is still difficult to predict lithology by any single seismic attribute because of the limited seismic resolution in a thinly interbedded formation of multiple lithologies. In our study, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract lithologic information from selected seismic attributes; the first two principal components were used to predict the content of anhydrite, siliciclastics, and carbonates. Content maps of anhydrite, siliciclastics, and carbonates — created by mixing the represented color — were used to reconstruct lithofacies of the T1j2L submember. It is quite difficult, even with the PCA approach, to uniquely resolve the three lithologies due to the overlapped AI and the limited resolution of the seismic data. However, the workflow that we evaluated dramatically improved the prediction accuracy of lithology and lithofacies. Facies transition during the deposition of the T1j2L submember in the study area was inferred from a paleo-uplift in the southwest to a restricted lagoon and then to an open marine setting in the northeast.
Psychological treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorder: What is around the corner?
Authors: Turkington Douglas , Lebert Latoyah
Published: June 2017

The evidence base for cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), family therapy, psychoeducation and cognitive remediation as adjuncts to antipsychotic medication in the treatment of schizophrenia is well established. It is, however, clear that the moderate effect size of the best researched of these treatments (CBT) compared with treatment as usual reduces to small when compared with an active psychological treatment. It would seem that many different psychosocial interventions de liver benefit in schizophrenia. We are now at a stage in their development when new treatments are being energetically piloted and combination treatments tested. This article outlines the most promising of these new interventions and attempts to answer the crucial question as to their differential effects on different psychotic presentations.

Learning Objectives

• Be aware of the most promising new psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia

• Learn the key elements of each intervention

• Understand which of these approaches might be best suited to particular presentations of schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Diagnosis and treatment: Are psychiatrists choosing wisely?
Authors: Maughan Daniel , James Adrian
Published: June 2017

The UK's Choosing Wisely campaign aims to tackle the pressing issue of overuse in healthcare (i.e. overdiagnosis and overtreatment) through improving awareness and promoting shared decisionmaking. This campaign involves medical societies developing lists of interventions that are of questionable value and so require a genuine discussion between doctors and patients about their use. This article is about the problem of overuse and the launch of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Choosing Wisely campaign. It provides a critical review of why this might occur and whether Choosing Wisely is likely to be successful.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the aims of the Choosing Wisely programme

• Define overdiagnosis and overtreatment

• Develop a critical perspective on potential areas of overuse in your clinical practice
Diagnostic difficulty in bipolar disorder
Authors: Saunders Kate E. A.
Published: June 2017

Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder that can be challenging to diagnose. This brief article outlines how bipolar disorder is diagnosed and how it can be distinguished from other disorders with similar phenotypes.
Controversy over exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: Key lessons for clinicians and academics
Authors: Mitchell Alex J.
Published: June 2017

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is syndrome of unremitting fatigue of at least 6 months' duration that causes significant disability. Exercise therapy has a proven track record in medicine and could be effective for some patients with CFS. An updated Cochrane review of eight studies appeared to suggest that exercise helps fatigue symptoms, but with only a small probability of recovery and/or improvement in daily function. Provisional data on acceptability suggest that most patients are willing to participate. However, one key study (PACE), which was well powered and influential in the Cochrane review, has been met with considerable controversy owing to lack of clarity on outcomes. Following release of the PACE study primary data, re-analysis suggested smaller effect sizes than initially reported.
Newer generation antidepressants for young people: Real-life evidence needed
Authors: Hussain Haseena , Dubicka Bernadka , Wilkinson Paul
Published: June 2017

Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This 2012 meta-analysis by Hetrick et al shows statistically significant, but small, improvements in depressive symptom scores and probability of remission with second-generation antidepressants (SGAs) compared with placebo. SGAs lead to a small, but significant, increase in risk of suicidal thoughts/attempts compared with placebo. Patients included in the primary studies had milder depression, less psychiatric comorbidity and less suicidality than those normally seen in clinical practice in the UK's National Health Service. However, primary studies had significant methodological shortcomings. Therefore, caution is needed when trying to generalise results to clinical practice.
Randomized, Noncomparative, Phase II Trial of Early Switch From Docetaxel to Cabazitaxel or Vice Versa, With Integrated Biomarker Analysis, in Men With Chemotherapy-Naïve, Metastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Tagawa Scott T. , Galletti Giuseppe , Worroll Daniel , Ballman Karla , Vanhuyse Marie , Sonpavde Guru , North Scott , Albany Costantine , Tsao Che-Kai , Stewart John , Zaher Atef , Szatrowski Ted , Zhou Wei , Gjyrezi Ada , Tasaki Shinsuke , Portella Luigi , Bai Yang , Lannin Timothy B. , Suri Shalu , Gruber Conor N. , Pratt Erica D. , Kirby Brian J. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Nanus David M. , Saad Fred , Giannakakou Paraskevi ,   on behalf of the TAXYNERGY Investigators
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The TAXYNERGY trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01718353) evaluated clinical benefit from early taxane switch and circulating tumor cell (CTC) biomarkers to interrogate mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance to taxanes in men with chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Patients and Methods

Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to docetaxel or cabazitaxel. Men who did not achieve ≥ 30% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline by cycle 4 (C4) switched taxane. The primary clinical endpoint was confirmed ≥ 50% PSA decline versus historical control (TAX327). The primary biomarker endpoint was analysis of post-treatment CTCs to confirm the hypothesis that clinical response was associated with taxane drug-target engagement, evidenced by decreased percent androgen receptor nuclear localization (%ARNL) and increased microtubule bundling.

Results

Sixty-three patients were randomly assigned to docetaxel (n = 41) or cabazitaxel (n = 22); 44.4% received prior potent androgen receptor–targeted therapy. Overall, 35 patients (55.6%) had confirmed ≥ 50% PSA responses, exceeding the historical control rate of 45.4% (TAX327). Of 61 treated patients, 33 (54.1%) had ≥ 30% PSA declines by C4 and did not switch taxane, 15 patients (24.6%) who did not achieve ≥ 30% PSA declines by C4 switched taxane, and 13 patients (21.3%) discontinued therapy before or at C4. Of patients switching taxane, 46.7% subsequently achieved ≥ 50% PSA decrease. In 26 CTC-evaluable patients, taxane-induced decrease in %ARNL (cycle 1 day 1 v cycle 1 day 8) was associated with a higher rate of ≥ 50% PSA decrease at C4 ( P = .009). Median composite progression-free survival was 9.1 months (95% CI, 4.9 to 11.7 months); median overall survival was not reached at 14 months. Common grade 3 or 4 adverse events included fatigue (13.1%) and febrile neutropenia (11.5%).

Conclusion

The early taxane switch strategy was associated with improved PSA response rates versus TAX327. Taxane-induced shifts in %ARNL may serve as an early biomarker of clinical benefit in patients treated with taxanes.
Perioperative Surgical Home: Evaluation of a New Protocol Focused on a Multidisciplinary Approach to Manage Children Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion Operation
Authors: Kim Eugene , Lee Brian , Cucchiaro Giovanni
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

The concept of Perioperative Surgical Home has been gaining significant attention in surgical centers. This model is delivering and improving coordinated care in a cost-effective manner to patients undergoing surgical procedures. It starts with the decision for surgical intervention, continues to the intraoperative and postoperative periods, and follows into long-term recovery. Constant re-evaluation of outcomes and modifications of delivery provides a feedback loop for improvement. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles initiated a new protocol in June 2014 to manage children undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion (PSF) with the goal to improve patient experience and lower the hospital length of stay and cost.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent a PSF for idiopathic scoliosis before and after initiation of a new treatment protocol designed by a team of anesthesiologists, surgeons, nurses, and physical therapists. The new protocol included preoperative teaching of parents and patients, intraoperative anesthetic and surgical management, and immediate to long-term postoperative medical management. In addition to demographics, we examined length of stay, cost of hospitalization, pain scores on discharge, length of patient-controlled analgesia use, time to first solid food intake, and time to ambulation.

RESULTS:

Thirty-six patients were identified preinitiation and postinitiation of the protocol (total n = 72). There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, use of intrathecal morphine, or estimated blood loss. Patients enrolled in the new protocol had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P = .003), significantly lower duration of patient-controlled analgesia use, time to first solid food intake, and time to ambulation (P= .001). The pain scores were higher at the time of discharge, although the difference was not statistically significant. Length of stay was significantly shorter in the new protocol group (P = .001), accounting for $292,560 in cost savings for the hospital.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data show that the cooperation of different teams in designing new management guidelines for patients requiring a PSF can significantly decrease the total length of stay and cost of hospitalization without altering quality of care.
A Shared Opportunity for Improving Electronic Medical Record Data
Authors: Baier Amanda W. , Snyder Daniel J. , Leahy Izabela C. , Patak Lance S. , Brustowicz Robert M.
Published: June 2017

With the recent rapid adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs), studies reporting results based on EMR data have become increasingly common. While analyzing data extracted from our EMR for a retrospective study, we identified various types of erroneous data entries. This report investigates the root causes of the incompleteness, inconsistency, and inaccuracy of the medical records analyzed in our study. While experienced health information management professionals are well aware of the many shortcomings with EMR data, the aims of this case study are to highlight the significance of the negative impact of erroneous EMR data, to provide fundamental principles for managing EMRs, and to provide recommendations to help facilitate the successful use of electronic health data, whether to inform clinical decisions or for clinical research.
Postpartum Tubal Sterilization: Making the Case for Urgency
Authors: Richardson Michael G. , Hall Sarah J. , Zuckerwise Lisa C.
Published: June 2017

The parturient who requests postpartum sterilization has given consideration to and has made decisions regarding this aspect of her medical care long before her delivery. She arrives at parturition expecting the postpartum procedure to be performed as intended. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has reaffirmed its opinion that postpartum sterilization is an urgent procedure, owing to the safety and superior effectiveness of tubal sterilization via minilaparotomy in the immediate postpartum period, and the adverse consequences for mothers, babies, and society when the procedure is not actualized as desired and intended. In contrast, recent practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia address anesthetic procedural aspects and short-term safety but overlook the long-term complications and considerations associated with failure to perform postpartum sterilization as planned. In practice, procedure completion rates are strikingly low, reportedly ranging from 31% to 52%. Reasons for failure to complete abound and include inadequate resources or inavailability of necessary personnel; obstetrician reluctance due to concerns for patient regret in younger women or medical comorbidities; barriers related to provision of obstetric care in a religiously affiliated hospital, or incomplete, improperly completed, or unavailable original federal consent forms among Medicaid-insured women. The federal requirement to wait 30 days after signing informed consent, and to retain the original signed document to be physically verified at time of the procedure, serves as a significant source of health care disparity for Medicaid-dependent mothers. This article reviews these larger issues of maternal health and comprehensive maternal care to broaden the anesthesiologist’s appreciation of major benefits and potential risks of postpartum sterilization, including long-term effects, to promote an evidence-based, informed, and proactive role in delivering equitable, safe, and optimal care for these patients.
Respiratory System Mechanics During Low Versus High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Open Abdominal Surgery: A Substudy of PROVHILO Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: D’Antini Davide , Huhle Robert , Herrmann Jacob , Sulemanji Demet S. , Oto Jun , Raimondo Pasquale , Mirabella Lucia , Hemmes Sabrine N. T. , Schultz Marcus J. , Pelosi Paolo , Kaczka David W. , Vidal Melo Marcos Francisco , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Cinnella Gilda
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

In the 2014 PROtective Ventilation using HIgh versus LOw positive end-expiratory pressure (PROVHILO) trial, intraoperative low tidal volume ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP = 12 cm H2O) and lung recruitment maneuvers did not decrease postoperative pulmonary complications when compared to low PEEP (0–2 cm H2O) approach without recruitment breaths. However, effects of intraoperative PEEP on lung compliance remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that higher PEEP leads to a dominance of intratidal overdistension, whereas lower PEEP results in intratidal recruitment/derecruitment (R/D). To test our hypothesis, we used the volume-dependent elastance index %E
2, a respiratory parameter that allows for noninvasive and radiation-free assessment of dominant overdistension and intratidal R/D. We compared the incidence of intratidal R/D, linear expansion, and overdistension by means of %E
2 in a subset of the PROVHILO cohort.

METHODS:

In 36 patients from 2 participating centers of the PROVHILO trial, we calculated respiratory system elastance (E), resistance (R), and %E
2, a surrogate parameter for intratidal overdistension (%E
2 > 30%) and R/D (%E
2 < 0%). To test the main hypothesis, we compared the incidence of intratidal overdistension (primary end point) and R/D in higher and lower PEEP groups, as measured by %E
2.

RESULTS:

E was increased in the lower compared to higher PEEP group (18.6 [16…22] vs 13.4 [11.0…17.0] cm H2O·L−1; P < .01). %E
2 was reduced in the lower PEEP group compared to higher PEEP (−15.4 [−28.0…6.5] vs 6.2 [−0.8…14.0] %; P < .05). Intratidal R/D was increased in the lower PEEP group (61% vs 22%; P = .037). The incidence of intratidal overdistension did not differ significantly between groups (6%).

CONCLUSIONS:

During mechanical ventilation with protective tidal volumes in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery, lung recruitment followed by PEEP of 12 cm H2O decreased the incidence of intratidal R/D and did not worsen overdistension, when compared to PEEP ≤2 cm H2O.
Stroke Volume Variation–Guided Versus Central Venous Pressure–Guided Low Central Venous Pressure With Milrinone During Living Donor Hepatectomy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Kim Won Ho , Ryu Ho-Geol , Lee Hyung-Chul , Chung Eun-Jin , Yang Seong-Mi , Jung Chul-Woo
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:

We previously demonstrated the usefulness of milrinone for living donor hepatectomy. However, a less-invasive alternative to central venous catheterization and perioperative contributors to good surgical outcomes remain undetermined. The current study evaluated whether the stroke volume variation (SVV)–guided method can substitute central venous catheterization during milrinone-induced profound vasodilation.

METHODS:

We randomly assigned 42 living liver donors to receive either SVV guidance or central venous pressure (CVP) guidance to obtain milrinone-induced low CVP. Target SVV of 9% was used as a substitute for CVP of 5 mm Hg. The surgical field grade evaluated by 2 attending surgeons on a 4-point scale was compared between the CVP- and SVV-guided groups (n = 19, total number of scores = 38 per group) as a primary outcome variable. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with the best surgical field as a post hoc analysis.

RESULTS:

Surgical field grades, which were either 1 or 2, were not found to be different between the 2 groups via Mann-Whitney U test (P = .358). There was a very weak correlation between SVV and CVP during profound vasodilation such as CVP ≤ 5 mm Hg (R = −0.06; 95% confidence interval, −0.09 to −0.04; P < .001). Additional post hoc analysis suggested that younger age, lower baseline CVP, and longer duration of milrinone infusion might be helpful in providing the best surgical field.

CONCLUSIONS:

Milrinone-induced vasodilation resulted in favorable surgical environment regardless of guidance methods of low CVP during living donor hepatectomy. However, SVV was not a useful indicator of low CVP because of very weak correlation between SVV and CVP during profound vasodilation. In addition, factors contributing to the best surgical field such as donor age, proactive fasting, and proper dosing of milrinone need to be investigated further, ideally through prospective studies.
Developmental downregulation of LIS1 expression limits axonal extension and allows axon pruning
Authors: Kumamoto Kanako , Iguchi Tokuichi , Ishida Ryuichi , Uemura Takuya , Sato Makoto , Hirotsune Shinji
Published: June 2017

The robust axonal growth and regenerative capacities of young neurons decrease substantially with age. This developmental downregulation of axonal growth may facilitate axonal pruning and neural circuit formation but limits functional recovery following nerve damage. While external factors influencing axonal growth have been extensively investigated, relatively little is known about the intrinsic molecular changes underlying the age-dependent reduction in regeneration capacity. We report that developmental downregulation of LIS1 is responsible for the decreased axonal extension capacity of mature dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In contrast, exogenous LIS1 expression or endogenous LIS1 augmentation by calpain inhibition restored axonal extension capacity in mature DRG neurons and facilitated regeneration of the damaged sciatic nerve. The insulator protein CTCF suppressed LIS1 expression in mature DRG neurons, and this reduction resulted in excessive accumulation of phosphoactivated GSK-3β at the axon tip, causing failure of the axonal extension. Conversely, sustained LIS1 expression inhibited developmental axon pruning in the mammillary body. Thus, LIS1 regulation may coordinate the balance between axonal growth and pruning during maturation of neuronal circuits.
Development of the thyroid gland
Authors: Nilsson Mikael , Fagman Henrik
Published: June 2017

Thyroid hormones are crucial for organismal development and homeostasis. In humans, untreated congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis inevitably leads to cretinism, which comprises irreversible brain dysfunction and dwarfism. Elucidating how the thyroid gland – the only source of thyroid hormones in the body – develops is thus key for understanding and treating thyroid dysgenesis, and for generating thyroid cells in vitro that might be used for cell-based therapies. Here, we review the principal mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and functional differentiation, highlighting how the thyroid forerunner evolved from the endostyle in protochordates to the endocrine gland found in vertebrates. New findings on the specification and fate decisions of thyroid progenitors, and the morphogenesis of precursor cells into hormone-producing follicular units, are also discussed.
Deficiency of PHB complex impairs respiratory supercomplex formation and activates mitochondrial flashes
Authors: Jian Chongshu , Xu Fengli , Hou Tingting , Sun Tao , Li Jinghang , Cheng Heping , Wang Xianhua
Published: June 2017

Prohibitins (PHBs; prohibitin 1, PHB1 or PHB, and prohibitin 2, PHB2) are evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial proteins. PHBs form multimeric ring complexes acting as scaffolds in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) are newly discovered mitochondrial signaling events that reflect electrical and chemical excitations of the organelle. Here, we investigate the possible roles of PHBs in the regulation of mitoflash signaling. Downregulation of PHBs increases mitoflash frequency by up to 5.4-fold due to elevated basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the mitochondria. Mechanistically, PHB deficiency impairs the formation of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes (RSCs) without altering the abundance of individual respiratory complex subunits. These impairments induced by PHB deficiency are effectively rescued by co-expression of PHB1 and PHB2, indicating that the multimeric PHB complex acts as the functional unit. Furthermore, downregulating other RSC assembly factors, including SCAFI (also known as COX7A2L), RCF1a (HIGD1A), RCF1b (HIGD2A), UQCC3 and SLP2 (STOML2), all activate mitoflashes through elevating mitochondrial ROS production. Our findings identify the PHB complex as a new regulator of RSC formation and mitoflash signaling, and delineate a general relationship among RSC formation, basal ROS production and mitoflash biogenesis.
Case Report: Lupoid cutaneous leishmaniasis mimicking verruca plana
Authors: Ozlu Emin , Baykan Aysegul , Yaman Ozan , Ertas Ragıp , Atasoy Mustafa , Ozyurt Kemal , Turasan Abdullah , Taslıdere Nazan
Published: June 2017

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by various species of leishmania protozoan parasites. Lupoid CL is a rare form of CL that has a stunning similarity to other granulomatous cutaneous conditions of infectious or inflammatory origin. Verruca plana, also known as a “flat wart”, is a benign proliferation of the skin resulting from infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Herein, we presented a case of lupoid CL mimicking verruca plana on the face.
Creating Online Quizzes with Multiple Attempts with Microsoft Excel and Word
Authors: Kim Dong-gook “DK” , Kim Jihye
Published: June 2017

Problem solving plays an important role in students’ learning, especially in quantitative topics, such as mathematics, statistics, operations research, and management sciences. Learning management systems (LMS) and online homework management systems can assist students’ learning by offering quizzes and tests allowing multiple attempts with immediate feedback. In this paper, using the software readily available to most institutions (Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel), we explain how to create quizzes in an LMS, such as Desire2Learn, that allow students multiple attempts. Although most systems offer a way to create questions algorithmically, the functions available for creating those questions are limited. As a result, they are often unsuitable for complex quantitative topics. The method shown in this paper overcomes the limitation of algorithmic questions in an LMS.

The Excel dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2017.0170
Sunny, Rainy, and Cloudy with a Chance of Mobile Promotion Effectiveness
Authors: Li Chenxi , Luo Xueming , Zhang Cheng , Wang Xiaoyi
Published: June 2017

Although firms are leveraging weather conditions in promotions, they struggle to quantify the impact. This study exploits field experiment data on weather-based mobile promotions with over six million users. Results find that sunny and rainy weather have first-order main effects. Purchase responses to promotions are higher and faster in sunny weather relative to cloudy weather, whereas purchase responses to promotions are lower and slower in rainy weather. These findings are robust across different measures of weather changes with both backward-looking historical weather and forward-looking forecasts, as well as deviations from normal weather. Also, sunny and rainy weather have second-order interactive effects with ad copies of mobile promotions. Compared with the neutral ad copy, the prevention frame ad copy hurts the initial promotion boost induced by sunshine, but improves the initial promotion drop induced by rainfall. For marketers, these findings imply new opportunities in customer data analytics for more effective weather-based mobile targeting.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1044 .
Single and Multisettlement Approaches to Market Clearing Under Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Khazaei Javad , Zakeri Golbon , Oren Shmuel S.
Published: June 2017

Participants in electricity markets face a substantial amount of uncertainty, and with increased penetration of volatile renewable generation this uncertainty has further increased. Conventionally designed electricity markets cope with uncertainty by running two markets: a market that is cleared ahead of time, followed by a real-time balancing market to reconcile actual realizations of demand and available generation. In such mechanisms, the initial clearing process does not take into account the distribution of outcomes in the balancing market. Recently, an alternative so-called stochastic settlement market has been proposed (see, e.g., Pritchard et al. 2010 [Pritchard G, Zakeri G, Philpott A (2010) A single-settlement, energy-only electric power market for unpredictable and intermittent participants. Oper. Res. 58(4):1210–1219.] and Bouffard et al. 2005 [Bouffard F, Galiana FD, Conejo AJ (2005) Market-clearing with stochastic security—Part I: Formulation. IEEE Trans. Power Systems 20(4):1818–1826.]) where the ISO clears both stages in one single settlement market.

While the effectiveness of the stochastic market clearing mechanism is clear when the market is competitive, this is open to question for imperfectly competitive markets. In this paper we consider simplified models for two types of market clearing mechanisms. First, a market clearing mechanism utilized in New Zealand, whereby firms offer in advance and are notified of a clearing quantity and price guide based on an estimate of demand, followed by real-time dispatch. We refer to this as NZTS. Secondly we consider a simplified stochastic programming market clearing mechanism. We compute Nash equilibria of games resulting from each of the market clearing mechanisms. We prove that under the assumption of symmetry, our simplified stochastic programming market clearing is equivalent to a two-period single settlement system that takes account of deviation penalties in the second stage. These, however, differ from NZTS. We show that when we assume symmetry, this stochastic settlement model results in better social welfare than does NZTS. We also investigate a number of asymmetric examples numerically.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1610 .
Stoma care nursing in a rural setting: a report from Western Australia
Authors: Norman Tania
Published: June 2017

There are around 1000 ostomates living in rural, remote communities in Western Australia, a state 10 times the size of the UK. These patients often do not have direct access to a stoma care nurse or peer support groups. Product delivery times to these areas are very long, and a stoical culture means people are reluctant to seek help from health professionals. The Western Australian Ostomy Association, based in the Perth metropolitan area, developed a programme of rural visits to check on stoma health, advise ostomates on complications and educate local nurses in stoma care.
Indicators, agendas and streams: analysing the politics of preparedness
Authors: DeLeo Rob A
Published: June 2017

The multiple streams approach (MSA) emphasises that problem indicators, which refer to numeric measures of a problem, are an important determinant of policymaker attention. However, few studies empirically examine the relationship between indicators, agenda setting and policy change. This study fills this void by modelling the extent to which indicator change induces agenda activity in emerging disease domains. It shows that the rate of indicator accumulation – how quickly indicators amass – is a predictor of agenda activity. Although rapid accumulation almost always captures policymaker attention, policy change is more likely when indicators slowly amass and provide ample time for political mobilisation.
Kaolinite Aggregation in Book-Like Structures from Non-Aqueous Media
Authors: Mansa Rola , Ngassa Piegang Guy B. , Detellier Christian
Published: June 2017

To control a vast spectrum of applications and processes, an understanding of the morphologies of clay mineral assemblies dispersed in aqueous or non-aqueous media is important. As such, the objective of this study was to verify the relationship between dispersion medium type and the size and morphology of the clay aggregates that are formed, which can increase knowledge on the assembly formation process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used in an attempt to describe kaolinite platelet organization in non-aqueous media and to compare it to the organization in aqueous media or in media with or without a selection of dissolved organic polymers. The SEM images indicated that the kaolinite platelet assembly process occurs during slow evaporation of the solvent. Because the experimental procedure was rigorously identical for all cases in this study, the SEM images compared how the effects of various media and environments on kaolinite platelet interactions can lead to different morphologies. Quite spectacular morphological differences were indeed observed between samples dispersed in aqueous and non-aqueous media, particularly when the kaolinite platelets were dispersed in an organic solvent with dissolved organic polymers. For kaolinite dispersed in water, only small aggregates were observed after slow evaporation. In contrast, large kaolinite booklets or vermiform aggregates were formed by slow solvent evaporation when kaolinite was first dispersed into some organic solvents. The aggregates were particularly large when an organic polymer was dissolved in the organic solvent. For example, kaolinite aggregates dispersed in a binary cyclohexane/toluene mixture with dissolved ethyl cellulose (EC) had top apparent surface areas (i.e. stacking length × width) of more than 3,000 µm2. Other dissolved polymers, such as polystyrene or the polysaccharide, guar gum, gave similar results. Kaolinite platelet aggregation resulted from face-to-face interactions as well as edge-to-face and edge-to-edge interactions. The XRD results showed that ethyl cellulose led to the formation of smaller kaolinite platelets with an increased tendency to form larger aggregates, which is due to the ability of EC to chemically interact with silanol and/or the aluminol groups of kaolinite.
The way to a heart: Food for love
Authors: Wessell Adele
Published: June 2017

The connection established between pleasure and food has a long history in recipes for love. Cooking literature has reflected and shaped our ideas about home cooking as well as romance and can be read as a historical source for understanding those ideas as they were expressed in the past and in terms of what has endured over time. Considering cooking as a language that expresses love advances our understanding of the preparation of food as an emotional performance. The way to a heart, like love itself, is also historical rather than timeless. The shift in focus from advice to single women on how to win a man, to the newlywed on culinary skills to ensure a happy married life through to blogs promoting food as seduction, highlight changes in gender roles and sexuality that reinforce the significance of culinary literature as examples of material culture that reflect their time and place and the changing meanings of home cooking and love.
Verdadeiro ou Falso? A ambiguidade de uma lista de frases permite o estudo de processos de atribuição de verdade
Authors: Garcia-Marques Teresa , Silva Rita R. , Mello Joana
Published: June 2017

Neste artigo são apresentados os dados de dois pré-testes realizados a diversas frases que representam conhecimentos mundanos. As frases foram pré-testadas relativamente à dimensão subjectiva de verdade junto de amostras da população Portuguesa aplicando dois critérios diferentes. No primeiro pré-teste as avaliações de conjunto de afirmações verdadeiras foram contrastadas com as avaliações feitas de afirmações falsas obtidas por alteração de um pequeno detalhe da frase original. No segundo pré-teste um outro conjunto de frases foi avaliada apenas na sua versão verdadeira ou na sua versão falsa numa escala dicotómica de “verdadeiro ou falso”.  Os resultados salientam as frases consideradas ambíguas e a sua relevância para a investigação de enviesamentos de percepção de verdade. Adicionalmente, algumas das frases ambíguas apresentadas foram testadas relativamente ao grau de “divertimento” que promovem com o objectivo de permitir o controlo de efeitos afectivos nos seus julgamentos.
Validação de um instrumento de avaliação dos fatores promotores da motivação para o trabalho: Um estudo cm profissionais de saúde oncológica portugueses
Authors: Dias Diana , Leite Ângela , Ramires Ana , Bicho Paula
Published: June 2017

No âmbito da prestação de serviços de saúde, especialmente, em contexto oncológico, a associação entre motivação e satisfação no trabalho torna-se saliente. Partindo do instrumento de avaliação da motivação para o trabalho desenvolvido por Paleologou, Kontodimopoulos, Stamoli, Aletras e Niakas (2006), este estudo pretende, por um lado, avaliar a qualidade psicométrica deste instrumento, a sua estrutura fatorial, confiabilidade e validade numa amostra de profissionais de saúde de um hospital oncológico português. Por outro lado, pretende-se investigar os componentes da motivação que melhor predizem a satisfação no trabalho. Os scores dos quatro fatores do instrumento de motivação para o trabalho apresentaram boa consistência interna (α’s=> .96).  Os resultados da análise fatorial exploratória revelaram uma estrutura fatorial composta por18 itens distribuídos por quatro fatores, adequada aos dados correlacionais (e ao construto teórico subjacente à escala) e com garantias de fiabilidade e validade. A correlação de Pearson com a medida de satisfação com o trabalho faculta evidência acerca da validade convergente do instrumento de motivação para o trabalho. O modelo de regressão múltipla identifica os fatores job attributes, remuneration e achievements como preditores significativos da satisfação no trabalho.
Atribuições, estilos e práticas no cuidado de crianças em creches mexicanas
Authors: Salinas-Quiroz Fernando , Andrade Abraham , Hernández Esperanza , Velázquez Rubén , Coelho Leandra
Published: June 2017

As pesquisas sobre os Centros de Educação Infantil (CEI) documentam que não existem associações consistentes entre a qualidade do CEI e o nível educativo do Cuidador Secundário Professional (CSP), o anterior é interpretado como a primazia da qualidade dos processos internos do CSP sobre os níveis de certificação. A hipóteses inicial do estudo indica que as atribuições sobre a intencionalidade do comportamento do infante se associarão com seus estilos e práticas de educação. Participaram 34 CSP. Aplicamos versões adaptadas da Escala de Atribuições Maternas e da Escala de Comportamentos para Mães e Pais com Crianças Pequenas. Os estilos de educação correlacionaram com as atribuições negativas (r=-.508**), e as práticas de educação com atribuições positivas (=.369*). Os promotores de políticas públicas podem criar mecanismos de seleção/promoção de pessoal que privilegiem fatores não acadêmicos, gerando continuidade no cuidado que recebem os infantes.
Antimicrobial Agents Used in Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Kudiyirickal Marina George , Ivančaková Romana
Published: June 2017

Biomechanical preparation alone does not completely eradicate microorganisms from the root canal, hence the next logical step is to perform root canal procedures in conjunction with antimicrobials. The use of an antimicrobial agent improves the efficacy and prognosis of endodontic treatment. This review enumerates the most widely used antimicrobial agents, their mechanism of action and their potential use in reducing the microbial load.
Thrombolytic Treatment of Thrombosis on the Aortic Valvular Prosthesis Complicated by Brain Embolism
Authors: Horáková Lucie , Pudil Radek , Raupach Jan , Vojáček Jan
Published: June 2017

The authors present a case of thrombosis on the St. Jude Medical 19 aortic valve prosthesis. The diagnosis was confirmed by transthoracic and transoesofageal echocardiography, cardiac fluoroscopy revealed restricted movement of the aortic valve prosthesis leaflet. Thrombolytic therapy was complicated with brain embolism that was successfully percutaneously removed from the cerebral artery by the mechanical device. The patient has fully recovered without any neurological residual symptoms. This case report should be instructive to other clinicians who encounter the same complications after thrombolytic treatment.
Zinc Alters Cytoskeletal Integrity and Migration in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Rudolf Emil , Klvačová Lada , John Stanislav , Červinka Miroslav
Published: June 2017

Zinc has been shown to have inhibitory effects on proliferation and metabolism of malignant colonocytes. Still, there is no information available concerning putative effects of zinc against motility and migration of colon cancer cells. Using fluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting and microflorimetry we show that treatment with zinc sulfate affected motility, invasiveness, cytoskeletal integrity and expression of selected markers (E-cadherin, catenin, vimentin, tubulin and actin) of invasive SW480 colon tumor cells. These results emphasize the possible multitudinous role of zinc in the process of colon cancer development and hint at the potential of this element in chemoprevention of advanced colorectal carcinoma.
Vergangene Vergängnis: Für eine Philologie des Stattdessen
Authors: Cho Hyowon
Published: June 2017

Between Erich Auerbach and Walter Benjamin, there existed a remarkable friendship, which on the one hand manifested itself as an unobtrusive disputation, and yet which on the other hand could be considered an unintended collaboration toward an old-new ideal of philology. Auerbach claims that with the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri, Western European literature reached the climax of the figuralism that Auerbach, if belatedly, wants to bring to the fore. Benjamin, in contrast, finds energy for the revolution in the surrealistic love that traces back not to Dante, but to the Provençal poetry which Auerbach regards merely as preliminary to Danteʼs literary achievement. In his The Origin of German Tragic Drama, Benjamin highlights the concept of creatureliness, whose significance for his philosophy of history is no less than that of justice. Auerbach, for his part, does not find its expression in the Germany of the 17th century, but in the France of the 16th century, namely in the work of Michel de Montaigne. However, Montaigneʼs creatureliness is rooted in sermo humilis, which is best embodied in the story of Peter who denied his Lord Jesus Christ three times. By contrast, German creatureliness detects its dissolution in the idea of natural theatre that Benjamin locates in the work of Franz Kafka. Sermo humilis is the perfection of figuralism, whereas the idea of natural theatre means reversal of allegory. The perfected figuralism and the reversed allegory cooperate in the idea of the philology of instead (Philologie des Stattdessen), whose task it is to make bygone the futility of worldly things.