bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ADAPAR Birth Cohort Study: Food Allergy Results at Five Years and New Insights
Authors: Doğruel Dilek , Bingöl Gülbin , Yılmaz Mustafa , Altıntaş Derya Ufuk
Published: March 2016

Background: Although food allergy (FA) is often a transient condition during childhood, when and in whom FA will resolve can be affected by many factors. In this study, we analyzed the data at 5 years on 33 children diagnosed with FA in the ADAPAR (Adana Pediatric Allergy Research) birth cohort study in southern Turkey. Methods: Thirty-three infants detected as having FA at the end of their first year in the ADAPAR study were assessed every 6 months until the age of 5 years. Each follow-up included a clinical examination, questionnaire, blood sampling and a skin-prick test. Results: Culprit allergens were cow's milk (n = 20), eggs (n = 17), chicken meat (n = 1) and bananas (n = 1). Of the 17 patients with egg allergy, 14 developed complete tolerance and 1 developed partial tolerance (i.e. tolerance to baked food). Of the 20 patients with milk allergy, complete tolerance was observed in 16 and partial tolerance in 1. The mean age of tolerance to egg was 22.4 ± 7.5 months and to cow's milk, it was 20.9 ± 1.1 months. Complete tolerance developed in 1 case allergic to chicken meat and in 1 case allergic to banana. Other allergic conditions were also determined: allergic rhinitis in 27.2%, atopic dermatitis in 21.2%, asthma in 9%, urticaria in 9% and drugs in 9%. Conclusions: Our results confirm early and high tolerance rates before school age in children with food allergies that started in infancy. This will help pediatricians to give more informed advice to parents of infants with cow's milk or hen's egg allergy.
The Association of Anger with Symptom Subtypes in Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Outpatients
Authors: Piacentino Daria , Pasquini Massimo , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Berardelli Isabella , Roselli Valentina , Maraone Annalisa , Biondi Massimo
Published: March 2016

Background: Despite the theoretical and clinical relevance of psychopathological dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), no studies to date have investigated their possible association with obsession subtypes. Thus, we aimed to examine whether, in OCD patients, anger and other psychopathological dimensions are associated with specific obsession subtypes. Methods: We consecutively recruited 57 first-visit OCD patients (66.7% female, mean age 34 years) at our Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic. We used the point biserial coefficient (rpbi) to measure the correlation between psychopathological dimensions and obsession subtypes. Results: We found significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the following: (1) anger/aggressiveness dimension and aggressive, contamination, and sexual obsessions; (2) apprehension/fear dimension and contamination, religious, and somatic obsessions; (3) sadness/demoralization dimension and contamination and somatic obsessions; (4) impulsivity dimension and aggressive and sexual obsessions, and (5) somatic concern/somatization dimension and contamination and somatic obsessions. We also found that OCD patients with comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - but not schizotypal or histrionic disorders - showed higher levels (p < 0.05) of obsessiveness/iterativity and anger/aggressiveness than OCD patients without the personality disorder. Conclusions: Anger and other psychopathological dimensions seem to be linked with specific obsession subtypes in OCD patients, suggesting an association between these dimensions and OCD.
Vulnerable Dark Triad Personality Facets Are Associated with Religious Fundamentalist Tendencies
Authors: Unterrainer Human-Friedrich , Ruttinger Johanna , Lewis Andrew J. , Anglim Jeromy , Fink Andreas , Kapfhammer Hans-Peter
Published: March 2016

Background: This study explores the possibility that religious fundamentalism (RF) may be linked to deficits in personality structure, which is in contrast to the general assumption that religiosity and spirituality are positively related to mature personality development. Sampling andMethods: To test this hypothesis, 327 (232 female) college students completed the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being together with the Innsbrucker Religious Fundamentalism Scale. In addition, the ‘vulnerable dark triad' of personality (‘vulnerable narcissism', subscale of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory; ‘secondary psychopathy', subscale of Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale; ‘borderline personality', of the Borderline Personality Inventory) was assessed. Results: In general, the relation between spirituality and healthy personality functioning was confirmed. In addition to greatly overlapping with ‘general religiosity' (p < 0.001), RF was also relevantly predicted by narcissistic (‘hiding the self') and borderline (‘primitive defenses') personality facets (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions: Based on these preliminary data, we conclude that specific structural deficits in personality might lead to more rigorous variants of religious/spiritual beliefs such as RF. Further research in clinical surroundings as well as in religious extremist groups is recommended.
Blood Leukocytes as Prognostic Parameter in Stroke Thrombectomy
Authors: Huber Thomas , Kleine Justus F. , Kaesmacher Johannes , Bette Stefanie , Poppert Holger , Zimmer Claus , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Despite the recent success of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, prognostic parameters and criteria for patient selection are yet uncertain. Elevated levels of white blood cells (WBCs) constitute an independent risk factor for unfavorable outcome. Here we studied the link between outcome and WBC counts obtained before and after successful MT. Methods: One hundred fifteen acute stroke patients successfully treated with MT (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction-scores 2b or 3) were included. WBC counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were obtained prior to (WBC-pre, CRP-pre) and 1 day after MT (WBC-post, CRP-post). Clinical outcome measures consisted of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on day 90 (mRS-d90), dichotomized between scores ≤5 and >5 (NIHSS) and ≤2 and >2 (mRS). The association between WBC-/CRP-levels and outcome was assessed by correlation- and receiver-operating characteristic analyses. Results: WBC counts on day 1 after MT correlated significantly with NIHSS scores at discharge and mRS-d90. Among patients >50 years, no patient with WBC-post counts exceeding 14.2 G/l had favorable NIHSS scores (≤5), and no one with WBC-post counts ≥12.6 G/l had favorable mRS-d90 outcome-scores (≤2). Further, even WBC-pre counts ≥10.6 G/l predicted unfavorable mRS-d90-scores in this subgroup. Conclusion: Elevated WBC counts obtained in routine blood tests may constitute a simple and economic parameter to estimate outcome after successful MT. Moreover, present data suggest that in patients older than 50 years, WBC counts may help to predict outcome even when obtained prior to MT.
O encontro de Tchékhov com o Oficina: desbunde, política e algumas contradições
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Alves do
Published: March 2016

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De como Kolka Pánkin voou para o Brasil e Piétka Ierchov não acreditou em nada
Authors: Kharms Daniil , Rabello Belkiss J.
Published: March 2016

Tradução de: Belkiss J. Rabello.
David Vygódski e o “Tartarin de Lisboa”
Authors: Gomide Bruno B.
Published: March 2016

As dezenas de resenhas publicadas por David Vygódski em Gómel e Petrogrado- Leningrado entre 1911 e 1938, quando foi preso, tratam quase sempre de temas comparativos.
Dois Diabos na Periferia
Authors: Marks Maria Cecília
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar comparativamente a representação do demônio no romance Os Irmãos Karamázov, de Fiódor Dostoiévski, e no conto A Igreja do Diabo, de Machado de Assis. A análise tem por base a tragédia Fausto, de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, origem de toda uma tradição que relaciona o demoníaco à insaciabilidade do homem moderno. Aspectos dos respectivos contextos históricos refletidos nas obras também são apontados, assim como diferenças e aproximações entre as experiências dos heróis no que tange ao bem e ao mal. Embora universal, tal temática alcança representações peculiares nos autores em estudo, em virtude do estilo e da inventividade de cada um deles e também das condições históricas e culturais diversas.
A Metaficção nos Romances Os Irmãos Karamázov, de Dostoiévski, Ulysses, de James Joyce, e Guerra e Paz, de Tolstói
Authors: Corsi Cícero Manzan
Published: March 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma breve análise sobre os aspectos metaficcionais presentes em três grandes romances da literatura universal: Os Irmãos Karamázov, de Fiódor Dostoiévski, Ulysses, de James Joyce, e Guerra e Paz, de Leon Tolstói. Para realizar tal análise, utilizamos como principais fundamentos teóricos Narcisistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox, de Linda Hutcheon, e Metafiction, de Patrícia Waugh. O estudo apresentado consiste em destacar alguns dos elementos metaficcionais dos romances e analisá-los a partir da teoria. Nesse sentido, foram analisados principalmente o narrador da obra de Dostoiévski, a paródia no Ulysses de Joyce e a discussão apresentada por Tolstói no que diz respeito à relação entre a narrativa e a história.
Plekhánov e a crítica estética marxista: entre a intenção e o gesto
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Alves do
Published: March 2016

Georgi Plekhánov é parada obrigatória para quem se dedica a compreender a trajetória do marxismo na Rússia. Além de introduzir textos clássicos de Marx no país, foi responsável pelas diretrizes políticas que guiaram o movimento operário organizado até por volta de 1914 e por escrever textos de crítica estética inovadores nesse campo de pensamento. Este artigo se debruçará sobre esta última faceta de seu trabalho, mais depurada em seu ensaio Arte e Vida Social, de 1912, a fim de compreender como suas formulações, atravessadas que estavam pelas contradições de um método restritivo, não deixaram de trazer contribuições significativas para o entendimento do que denominava “especificidade do estético”. Em um debate direto com a tradição bielinskiana, Plekhánov soube com ela dialogar e desbravar um campo de conhecimento até então praticamente inexplorado no marxismo.
Европейские связи Ф.М.Достоевского: подходы российской компаративистики
Authors: Полубояринова Л.Н.
Published: March 2016

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Bibliografia Russa Traduzida no Brasil (1900-1950)
Authors: Bottmann Denise
Published: March 2016

Este levantamento abrange uma extensa bibliografia de obras literárias russas traduzidas e publicadas no Brasil na primeira metade do século XX. Seu objetivo é fornecer uma base de dados para pesquisadores da área, servindo como compilação consolidada de informações primárias até então dispersas em várias fontes.
“Skaz” e o Cotidiano: a Influência do Jornalismo Russo do Final do Século XIX na Prosa de Nikolai Leskov
Authors: Vitorino Fabrício Yuri de Souza
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar um panorama histórico do cenário editorial na Rússia durante a segunda metade do Século XIX, no qual se insere a obra de Nikolai Leskov. Com base nestes dados e de uma breve análise biográfica do autor, serão mapeadas algumas marcas de sua relevância crítico-jornalística em sua obra literária.
A história brasileira entra no espaço cultural russo
Authors: Tókarev Andrey
Published: March 2016

A cooperação cultural e científica russo-brasileira verificou um grande avanço. No marco da série “História Nacional”, a editora moscovita “Ves Mir” publicou a versão russa da obra “História concisa do Brasil”, do renomado historiador brasileiro Boris Fausto.
Uma Sátira com Final Melancólico.
Authors: Polli Noé Oliveira Policarpo
Published: March 2016

Este artigo trata da génese do conto “O canhoto”, de Nikolai Leskov, e da sua orientação ideológica, bem como do papel de provérbios e ditos populares na sua composição. Apresentam-se as bases da doutrina eslavófila, mostram-se os alvos da crítica do escritor e discutem-se os argumentos tanto da crítica conservadora quanto da liberal
Dostoiévski, escritor do século XXI
Authors: Zakhárov Vladímir
Published: March 2016

Dostoiévski ingressou na literatura russa e mundial com uma nova palavra sobre o Homem e sobre o mundo. Em suas obras é possível encontrar algo inexistente em outros autores. A experiência do conhecimento sobre o Homem, o universo, a Rússia e Deus continua sendo buscada em Dostoiévski ainda hoje por milhões de leitores. Questionando a si mesmo e a outros sobre os enigmas (o Homem é um mistério, a beleza é um segredo, a Rússia é a esfinge), Dostoiévski criou modelos universais de busca por respostas a essas e outras perguntas. As descobertas antropológicas de Dostoiévski reviraram as representações iniciais sobre a literatura e o Homem. Os personagens de Dostoiévski são constantemente chamados de “homens insignificantes”, mas para o autor todos os Homens são grandes, todo protagonista é tão genial quanto o autor: “Cada um e cada uma de vocês é mais inteligente que Voltaire, mais sensível que Rousseau”, cada um tem o “século de ouro no bolso”. A crítica contemporânea não deu atenção às categorias da antropologia de Dostoiévski como obshetcheloviek e vsetcheloviek. "Obshetcheloviek" é um cosmopolita, europeu abstrato, sem raízes e sem terra, enquanto ser um “vsetcheloviek" é tornar-se um verdadeiro cristão. “Encontrar o homem no Homem” significa humanizar o Homem, reconstruir a imagem de Deus. Dostoiévski coloca como oposição à máxima universal: “o Homem é a medida de todas as coisas” uma outra máxima: “Cristo é a medida de todas as coisas”. Essa verdade ajuda a entender as contradições dos personagens do autor. O autor combina os opostos, une as antinomias, convence negando. Ao invés da conclusão lógica, é apresentada uma imagem: a aparição de Cristo nas palavras e na Palavra, nas citações e reminiscências, nas confissões e nos diálogos. As perguntas e respostas de Dostoiévski revelam o grande potencial educacional e profético da literatura russa.
O relato de viagem como gênero literário-filosófico em Hölderlin e Dostoiévski
Authors: Drucker Claudia
Published: March 2016

Tanto na obra de Hölderlin como na de Dostoiévski a viagem ao estrangeiro exerce um papel. A ida ao estrangeiro é uma oportunidade de autoconhecimento pelo contraste. Há diferenças importantes entre as descobertas. O “nós” de Hölderlin é o europeu, enquanto o de Dostoiévski é o russo, entendido como o antiburguês. Hölderlin encontra no sul da França aspectos dos gregos antigos, que ele opõe ao “ocidental” que ele é. Dostoiévski encontra em Paris o tipo acabado do burguês, que ele oporá ao russo. Nos dois casos, a viagem põe o escritor diante da tarefa da sua arte.
Chalámov e Dostoiévski: uma perspectiva sobre Recordações da Casa dos Mortos
Authors: Silva Andrea Zeppini Menezes da
Published: March 2016

O presente trabalho trata das experiências prisionais de Dostoiévski e Chalámov. Dostoiévski foi preso em 1849 e passou quatro anos em uma prisão de trabalhos forçados na Sibéria. Sobre esse período escreveu Recordações da Casa dos Mortos. Chalámov passou dezessete anos em campos de trabalho stalinistas, escrevendo depois Contos de Kolimá.
Three types of Counterfactual History
Authors: Pessoa Junior Osvaldo
Published: March 2016

O artigo inicia-se com uma descrição da abordagem dos modelos causais em história da ciência, discutindo a postulação de histórias contrafactuais na ciência. A seguir, caracterizam-se três tipos diferentes de análises contrafactuais que podem ser feitas em ciências históricas, todas favorecidas pela avaliação retrospectiva. A história econômica e tecnológica é caracterizada pela sua razoável previsibilidade; a história da ciência e da matemática pela sua objetividade; e a terceira classe, que engloba a “história virtual” e a evolução biológica, pela sua vasta amplidão de possibilidades futuras.
Gendered Narratives in Anti-Stalinism and Anti-Communism during the Cold War: The Case of Juliet Poyntz
Authors: Lynn Denise
Published: March 2016

In June 1937, Juliet Poyntz left her boarding room at the American Woman's Association Clubhouse in Manhattan and was never seen again. Poyntz's story might have gone unnoticed if not for the fact that she was a U.S. citizen working for Soviet foreign intelligence. Her task was to recruit others with connections to Germany who would be willing to gather intelligence on the Nazi apparatus. After she disappeared, rumors circulated that she was abducted by the Soviet secret police and murdered or spirited back to the USSR and imprisoned. Anti-Stalinist radicals claimed that Poyntz was disillusioned with the Soviet Union and was murdered in retaliation. After World War II, Poyntz's disappearance fueled the fears of Communists such as Whittaker Chambers who became key witnesses at hearings held by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Poyntz's disappearance symbolized the danger of Iosif Stalin's leadership in the 1930s, and after the war this evolved into fears of Communism itself as the main threat. What emerged from both anti-Stalinist radicals in the 1930s and postwar anti-Communists were highly gendered narratives that reveal the evolution of anti-Communist fears—fears that were reflected in Poyntz's fate.
The Making of a Myth: The National Labor Alliance, Russian Émigrés, and Cold War Intelligence Activities
Authors: Tromly Benjamin
Published: March 2016

This article examines the role of the National Labor Alliance (NTS), a far-right organization of Russian exiles, in U.S. intelligence operations during the early Cold War. Drawing on declassified archival documents and émigré sources, the article discusses how the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) used the NTS in covert operations to undermine Communism in Europe. Early operations to penetrate Soviet borders failed, as NTS members who were sent into the USSR were quickly rounded up amid suspicions of internal betrayal. Following Soviet attempts to kidnap and assassinate NTS leaders in Germany in 1954, the CIA adopted a new approach, using the émigré organization as a tool of political and psychological warfare. Borrowing political strategies used by the exiles themselves, the CIA promoted a false image of the NTS as a powerful underground organization in order to provoke the Soviet state into costly and destabilizing countermeasures against it. As a result, the NTS became a mythical organization, and the intelligence agencies of both superpowers sought to manipulate it to their advantage.
Jewish Argument Style among Russian Revolutionaries
Authors: Safran Gabriella
Published: March 2016

Jewish speech was heard in Russian revolutionary contexts as characterized by emphatic tones, rhetorical questions, an argumentative stance, and sarcasm, all performative elements of Jewish English (je) as well. I examine depictions of Jewish Russian (jr) in the world of the non-Jewish Socialist Revolutionary (sr) leader Victor Chernov. This article first introduces Chernov, then analyzes his depictions of jr, and finally looks at transcripts of speeches by sr leaders for evidence of Jewish speech style. I use speech length, bold-face, exclamation points, and question marks as proxies for the heightened emotion and argumentative stance associated with jr. My analysis indicates no significant difference between the speech of Jewish and non-Jewish sr leaders as a whole, but shows that Chernov’s own speech contains a significantly higher than average use of these elements. This result complicates the notion of ethnolect and suggests that individuals’ evaluations of other people’s language should be examined in light of their biographies.
The genus Schizotechium (Caryophyllaceae) resurrected
Authors: PUSALKAR PRASHANT K. , SRIVASTAVA S.K.
Published: March 2016

Fenzl (1833, 1840) described the taxon Schizotechium as a section of the genus Stellaria Linnaeus (1753: 421) (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) to accommodate the Himalayan Stellaria crispata Wallich ex D.Don (1825: 215) [= Stellaria monosperma Buchanan-Hamilton ex D.Don (1825: 215)]. The section was morphologically characterized in having the calix 5-partite, 10 hypogynous stamens, the ovary 2–3-ovulate, (2–)3 styles, the capsule 1(–2)-seeded, and often without a central collumella. Bentham (1862), unaware of raised generic rank for the section by Reichenbach (1841), also pointed out the distinctness of this group, strongly supporting the generic rank. He concluded: “Schizotechium Fenzl, although only proposed as a section of Stellaria might have perhaps rather more claims than any of the preceding [subgenera/sections of Stellaria included in the said paper (Bentham 1862)] to be adopted as a genus. It consists of two Himalayan species with a scandent habit and diffuse panicles, almost as in Brachystemma D. Don (1825: 216) and only 3 ovules, of which one ripens. The ovary might thus be supposed to be reduced to uniovulate carpels, and to be brought technically nearer to that of Phytolaccaceae R.Br., but there is no central axis, and a slight comparison of actual specimens at once give the idea that it is an exceptional and irregular reduction in the ovules of a closely compound ovary, and not a normal conformity of the ovules with as many distinct or well-marked carpels. The leaves arrangement, inflorescence, and flowers are in all other respects those of Stellaria in which genus we continue to retain Schizotechium as a section.” Notably, members of Schizotechium differ from the other belonging to Stellaria by the following characters: sub-scandent habit, occurrence of tuberous or fusiform fleshy roots, large, diffuse, many-flowered panicle of compound cymes, central collumella of capsule extremely reduced or nearly absent and capsule with 1(–2) fertile enlarged seed and rest sterile, undeveloped ovules (Bentham 1862, Edgeworth & Hooker 1872).
Passiflora franciscoi, a new species of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae) from Colombia
Authors: AGUIRRE-MORALES ADRIANA CAROLINA , BONILLA-MORALES MIGUEL MACGAYVER , CAETANO CREUCÍ MARIA
Published: March 2016

A new species of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea from the Colombian Orinoquia is described, illustrated, and placed in the supersection Pseudoastrophea section Pseudoastrophea. Passiflora franciscoi, a woody liana with tendrils, is recognized by its white flower, orange corona covered with red spots and a short and dark red appendix in the center of the filaments, its leaf blade emarginate at apex and cordate at base. P. franciscoi is morphologically related to P. candida and P. sclerophylla although these two species are not reported for Colombia. A taxonomic key to the section in Colombia is included. The distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new species are also considered in this paper.
The ant genus Polyrhachis F. Smith in sub-Saharan Africa, with descriptions of ten new species. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Rigato Fabrizio
Published: March 2016

Ten new sub-Saharan species of the ant genus Polyrhachis are described: P. gibbula n. sp. and P. omissa n. sp. belonging in the viscosa-group; P. brevipilosa n. sp., P. dubia n. sp., P. longiseta n. sp., P. luteipes n. sp., P. submarginata n. sp., and P. terminata n. sp. in the revoili-group; P. doudou n. sp. and P. fisheri n. sp. in the militaris-group. Also, P. epinotalis Santschi and P. kohli Forel are revived from synonymy with P. militaris (Fabr.) and P. volkarti Forel respectively. The type of P. cubaensis Mayr is described, changing the interpretation of the taxon and revalidating two of its synonyms, P. gerstaeckeri Forel and P. wilmsi Forel stat. n.. The examination of the type of Polyrhachis revoili André has proved this taxon to be different from previous interpretations; its position is reviewed and all of its synonyms are transferred to P. weissi Santschi. In addition, the first description of the worker of P. andrei Emery is provided, as well as some new records and taxonomic and morphological notes concerning other species. Finally, a synonymic list of the 61 currently known sub-Saharan species, a key to species-groups and an updated key to the workers are given.
Implementing and Evaluating Variable Soil Thickness in the Community Land Model, Version 4.5 (CLM4.5)
Authors: Brunke Michael A. , Broxton Patrick , Pelletier Jon , Gochis David , Hazenberg Pieter , Lawrence David M. , Leung L. Ruby , Niu Guo-Yue , Troch Peter A. , Zeng Xubin
Published: March 2016

One of the recognized weaknesses of land surface models as used in weather and climate models is the assumption of constant soil thickness because of the lack of global estimates of bedrock depth. Using a 30-arc-s global dataset for the thickness of relatively porous, unconsolidated sediments over bedrock, spatial variation in soil thickness is included here in version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (CLM4.5). The number of soil layers for each grid cell is determined from the average soil depth for each 0.9° latitude × 1.25° longitude grid cell. The greatest changes in the simulation with variable soil thickness are to baseflow, with the annual minimum generally occurring earlier. Smaller changes are seen in latent heat flux and surface runoff primarily as a result of an increase in the annual cycle amplitude. These changes are related to soil moisture changes that are most substantial in locations with shallow bedrock. Total water storage (TWS) anomalies are not strongly affected over most river basins since most basins contain mostly deep soils, but TWS anomalies are substantially different for a river basin with more mountainous terrain. Additionally, the annual cycle in soil temperature is partially affected by including realistic soil thicknesses resulting from changes in the vertical profile of heat capacity and thermal conductivity. However, the largest changes to soil temperature are introduced by the soil moisture changes in the variable soil thickness simulation. This implementation of variable soil thickness represents a step forward in land surface model development.
The Roles of Radiative Forcing, Sea Surface Temperatures, and Atmospheric and Land Initial Conditions in U.S. Summer Warming Episodes
Authors: Jia Liwei , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Yang Xiaosong , Gudgel Richard G. , Delworth Thomas L. , Stern William F. , Paffendorf Karen , Underwood Seth D. , Zeng Fanrong
Published: March 2016

This study investigates the roles of radiative forcing, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and atmospheric and land initial conditions in the summer warming episodes of the United States. The summer warming episodes are defined as the significantly above-normal (1983–2012) June–August 2-m temperature anomalies and are referred to as heat waves in this study. Two contrasting cases, the summers of 2006 and 2012, are explored in detail to illustrate the distinct roles of SSTs, direct radiative forcing, and atmospheric and land initial conditions in driving U.S. summer heat waves. For 2012, simulations with the GFDL atmospheric general circulation model reveal that SSTs play a critical role. Further sensitivity experiments reveal the contributions of uniform global SST warming, SSTs in individual ocean basins, and direct radiative forcing to the geographic distribution and magnitudes of warm temperature anomalies. In contrast, for 2006, the atmospheric and land initial conditions are the key drivers. The atmospheric (land) initial conditions play a major (minor) role in the central and northwestern (eastern) United States. Because of changes in radiative forcing, the probability of areal-averaged summer temperature anomalies over the United States exceeding the observed 2012 anomaly increases with time over the early twenty-first century. La Niña (El Niño) events tend to increase (reduce) the occurrence rate of heat waves. The temperatures over the central United States are mostly influenced by El Niño/La Niña, with the central tropical Pacific playing a more important role than the eastern tropical Pacific. Thus, atmospheric and land initial conditions, SSTs, and radiative forcing are all important drivers of and sources of predictability for U.S. summer heat waves.
Decadal Climate Predictions Using Sequential Learning Algorithms
Authors: Strobach Ehud , Bel Golan
Published: March 2016

Ensembles of climate models are commonly used to improve decadal climate predictions and assess the uncertainties associated with them. Weighting the models according to their performances holds the promise of further improving their predictions. Here, an ensemble of decadal climate predictions is used to demonstrate the ability of sequential learning algorithms (SLAs) to reduce the forecast errors and reduce the uncertainties. Three different SLAs are considered, and their performances are compared with those of an equally weighted ensemble, a linear regression, and the climatology. Predictions of four different variables—the surface temperature, the zonal and meridional wind, and pressure—are considered. The spatial distributions of the performances are presented, and the statistical significance of the improvements achieved by the SLAs is tested. The reliability of the SLAs is also tested, and the advantages and limitations of the different measures of the performance are discussed. It was found that the best performances of the SLAs are achieved when the learning period is comparable to the prediction period. The spatial distribution of the SLAs performance showed that they are skillful and better than the other forecasting methods over large continuous regions. This finding suggests that, despite the fact that each of the ensemble models is not skillful, they were able to capture some physical processes that resulted in deviations from the climatology and that the SLAs enabled the extraction of this additional information.
Stormwater Management in a Time of Climate Change: Insights from a Series of Scenario-Building Dialogues
Authors: Tuler Seth P. , Webler Thomas , Rhoades Jason L.
Published: March 2016

Numerous decision support tools have been developed to assist stormwater managers to understand future scenarios and devise management strategies. This paper presents one such tool, the Vulnerability, Consequences, and Adaptation Planning Scenarios (VCAPS) process, and reports on experiences from its deployment in 10 coastal communities on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. VCAPS helps to elucidate local complexities, couplings, and contextual nuance through dialogue among technical experts and those with detailed contextual knowledge of a community. Participants in the process develop qualitative scenarios of climate change impacts and how different management strategies may prevent or mitigate undesirable consequences. The scenarios help stormwater managers diagnose potential problems that may emerge from climate change and variability, which can then be subject to further detailed analysis. The authors describe five challenges faced by stormwater managers and how insights that emerge from scenario-based processes like VCAPS can help address them: characterizing the implications of interacting climate stressors that originate stormwater, bringing all available expertise and local knowledge to bear on the problem of stormwater management, integrating local and scientific information about coupled human–environment systems, identifying management actions and their trade-offs, and facilitating planning for sustained coordination among multiple public and private entities.
The effects of streaming in the secondary school on learning outcomes for Australian students – A review of the international literature
Authors: Johnston Olivia , Wildy Helen
Published: March 2016

This article reviews the international literature about streaming and the effects of this practice on the learning outcomes for secondary school students in Australia. Streaming in secondary schools across Australia has again increased in popularity after more than a century of literature that often discourages the practice. This article discusses the practice of streaming and its effect on students' academic, social and psychological learning outcomes and how teachers may mediate these effects. In addition, the article examines the extent to which the various outcomes of streaming align with the Australian National Curriculum and with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s recommendations for promoting equity and quality in education. While research is contentious and often contested, the literature generally shows that streaming impacts negatively on student learning outcomes. The findings of this literature review suggest the need for more research within the Australian context about how teachers’ perspectives of streaming influence learning outcomes and how streaming influences minority and disadvantaged groups in Australia.
Porous mullite/alumina-layered composites with a graded porosity fabricated by camphene-based freeze casting
Authors: Kim KH , Kim DH , Ryu SC , Yoon SY , Park HC
Published: March 2016

A freeze casting technique was processed to fabricate porous mullite/alumina-layered composite with a gradient in porosity and pore size. In this work, a camphene/coal fly ash slurry system with an appropriate addition of Al2O3 was used. The pore channels with circular-shaped cross-sections were aligned along the solidification direction of molten camphene and connected with each other. The pore morphology was influenced by the starting solids loading and sintering temperature. The compressive strength of monolithic specimen greatly decreased when the porosity increased. However, the layered composites with a graded porosity exhibited improved compressive strength with minor decrease in porosity, probably due to the formation of residual compressive stress and relatively dense glass phase in the outer layer.
Religious Attendance and the Mobility Trajectories of Older Mexican Americans
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Burdette Amy M. , Taylor John , Angel Jacqueline L.
Published: March 2016

Although several studies have examined the association between religious involvement and physical functioning, there is no consistent empirical evidence concerning the true nature of the association. The Hispanic population is also surprisingly understudied in previous work. In this article, we employ seven waves of data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to examine the association between religious attendance and performance-based mobility trajectories among older Mexican Americans. Growth mixture estimates reveal three latent classes of mobility trajectories: (1) high, (2) moderate, and (3) low. Multinomial logistic regression estimates show that the odds of being classified as having low mobility (versus high and moderate mobility) are lower for respondents who attend religious services than for respondents who never attend. Religious attendance does not distinguish between moderate and high mobility. Our regression results confirm that religious attendance is associated with favorable mobility trajectories among older Mexican Americans.
Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Participants in Research Supporting Evidence-Based Practices for Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: West Elizabeth A. , Travers Jason C. , Kemper Talya D. , Liberty Lisa M. , Cote Debra L. , McCollow Meaghan M. , Stansberry Brusnahan L. Lynn
Published: March 2016

Selection of a special education evidence-based practice (EBP) requires developing an understanding of what interventions work as well as for whom they are effective. This review examined participant characteristics in the EBP literature for learners with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) identified by the National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders. Results indicated very limited representation of diverse participants in the entire body of research, and when reported, White youth represented a large majority of study participants. This work is an attempt to begin to better understand the extent that various contextual factors are reported in a body of literature used to identify EBPs. Implications for ASD research are discussed along with recommendations for future research.
Beyond Reviewing
Authors: Mkono Muchazondida , Tribe John
Published: March 2016

Existing research on tourism social media users rarely extends beyond their role as appraisers of tourism and hospitality products. Such research fails to identify the different modes of experience and behavior that these users assume in their cyberspace interactions. This article demonstrates that user interactions entail much more than evaluating products. Using data from TripAdvisor, it identifies five additional user roles that define their experience and comportment online: troll, activist, social critic, information seeker, and socialite. Adopting a netnographic approach, these categories are interrogated to provide a more nuanced understanding of the online user experience in tourism social media space. Further, for each role, we glean the implicit uses and gratifications users seek from using the media. It is argued that the combined enactment of these roles creates a rich repository of experiential narratives that tourism businesses and destination managers can tap into for insights into the modern tourism consumer.
‘As British as fish and chips’: British newspaper representations of Mo Farah during the 2012 London Olympic Games
Authors: Black Jack
Published: March 2016

This article examines British newspaper representations of the ‘Team GB’ athlete Mohamed ‘Mo’ Farah during the 2012 London Olympic Games. In particular, attention is given to examining how representations of Farah were related to discourses on British multiculturalism. A brief discussion of recent rejections of multiculturalism is provided, with specific reference given to political and public calls for immigrants to assimilate with ‘British values’. By turning away from a dichotomous understanding of assimilation, this article suggests that processes of assimilation reflect a complicated coalescence of national inclusion and exclusion. That is, rather than simply highlighting how the national press serve to reproduce simple ‘us’ and ‘them’ binaries, this article draws upon Elias and Scotson’s established–outsider perspective in order to examine how the discursive construction of the ‘nation’ rests upon a dynamic process of identifying and managing ‘outsider’ individuals. As a result, while ‘outsider’ groups are frequently subjected to negative media portrayals, it is argued that Farah’s significance was underscored by discourses that sought to highlight his assimilated Britishness and through his promotion as a symbol of Britain’s achieved multiculturalism.
Evidence still insufficient that advance care documentation leads to engagement of healthcare professionals in end-of-life discussions: A systematic review
Authors: Lewis Ebony , Cardona-Morrell Magnolia , Ong Kok Y , Trankle Steven A , Hillman Ken
Published: March 2016

Background:

Administration of non-beneficial life-sustaining treatments in terminal elderly patients still occurs due to lack of knowledge of patient’s wishes or delayed physician–family communications on preference.

Aim:

To determine whether advance care documentation encourages healthcare professional’s timely engagement in end-of-life discussions.

Design:

Systematic review of the English language articles published from January 2000 to April 2015.

Data sources:

EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBM REVIEWS, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library and manual searches of reference lists.

Results:

A total of 24 eligible articles from 10 countries including 23,914 subjects met the inclusion criteria, mostly using qualitative or mixed methods, with the exception of two cohort studies. The influence of advance care documentation on initiation of end-of-life discussions was predominantly based on perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and personal experience rather than on standard replicable measures of effectiveness in triggering the discussion. While health professionals reported positive perceptions of the use of advance care documentations (18/24 studies), actual evidence of their engagement in end-of-life discussions or confidence gained from accessing previously formulated wishes in advance care documentations was not generally available.

Conclusion:

Perceived effectiveness of advance care documentation in encouraging end-of-life discussions appears to be high but is mostly derived from low-level evidence studies. This may indicate a willingness and openness of patients, surrogates and staff to perceive advance directives as an instrument to improve communication, rather than actual evidence of timeliness or effectiveness from suitably designed studies. The assumption that advance care documentations will lead to higher physicians’ confidence or engagement in communicating with patients/families could not be objectively demonstrated in this review.
Mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stents for the treatment of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Ma Ji , Shui Shaofeng , Han XinWei , Guo Dong , Li Teng-Fei , Yan Lei
Published: March 2016

Background

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare clinicopathological entity with substantial diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. The appropriate management of CVST remains to be defined.

Purpose

To evaluate the efficiency and safety of mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stents for the treatment of intracranial venous sinus thrombosis.

Material and Methods

Twenty-three consecutive patients with CVST who were treated with mechanical thrombectomy using Solitaire AB stents between January 2013 and October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The headache intensity was evaluated according to the visual analogue scale (VAS), and neurological function was assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Follow-up data were available for all patients for 6–14 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) were performed at 3 and 6 months after neurointervention, and telephone interviews were performed monthly thereafter. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the evaluation data (VAS and NIHSS) at admission and discharge.

Results

Twenty-six Solitaire AB stents were used. No neurointervention-related complications were noted. The symptoms were significantly improved after neurointervention in all patients. The comparisons between the VAS and NIHSS evaluations at admission and discharge were significantly different ( P < 0.05). No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stents is safe and effective for the treatment of CVST and can significantly improve clinical symptoms. The occurrence of complications is low, and the prognosis is favorable.
Coexisting vascular lesions in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Topcuoglu M Akif , Kursun Oguzhan , Singhal Aneesh B
Published: March 2016

Background

The pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is not known. Published cases have documented coexisting cervical artery dissection and unruptured aneurysms, raising the possibility that ultrastructural vessel wall abnormalities underlie the development of vascular lesions as well as RCVS.

Methods

In this retrospective study we compared the frequency of neurovascular abnormalities in 158 consecutive RCVS patients, 44 patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS, positive controls), and 177 non-stroke patients with acute neurological symptoms (non-arteriopathy controls).

Results

Coexisting neurovascular abnormalities were significantly higher ( p < 0.001) in RCVS (23%) as compared to the PACNS (5%) or non-arteriopathy groups (8%). Cervical artery dissections were noted only in the RCVS group (8%, p < 0.001). The RCVS group had more unruptured aneurysms than PACNS (13% vs. 5%, p = 0.099) or non-arteriopathy controls (13% vs. 7%, p = 0.05). Seven RCVS patients also had other vascular malformations (venous anomaly, cavernous malformations, fibromuscular dysplasia). There was no significant association between coexisting vascular abnormalities and brain lesions or discharge clinical outcome in the RCVS group.

Conclusion

The high prevalence and heterogeneous anatomy of coexisting vascular lesions suggest that subtle ultrastructural arterial wall abnormalities may contribute to their development and also predispose to RCVS.
Who Seeks Counseling for Intimate Partner Violence? The Role of Emotional Distress
Authors: Posick Chad , Agnich Laura E. , Policastro Christina , Hatfield Heather
Published: March 2016

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem in the United States affecting every demographic group. Victims of IPV suffer a wide range of negative health issues including depression, anxiety, and loss of self-esteem. However, little is known about help-seeking behaviors among IPV victims. This study utilized a university sample to explore who seeks counseling for exposure to threatening IPV. Results revealed that older students and females were more likely to seek counseling than younger students and males. Students who were exposed to greater levels of IPV and reported greater emotional distress were more likely to seek counseling than those with lower exposure to IPV and distress. Importantly, victimization accompanied by emotional distress was the key to explaining help-seeking help behavior. Programs and policies should focus on outreach to young students and males who have experienced IPV and provide focused services to victims with high levels of emotional distress.
Preparation and properties of graphene oxide/polyimide composites by in situ polymerization and thermal imidization process
Authors: Ma Lang , Wang Guojian , Dai Jinfeng
Published: March 2016

Graphene oxide/polyimide (GO/PI) composites with different loadings of GO were prepared by in situ polymerization and solution blending method. By adding GO, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of composites could be improved. The tensile strength of GO/PI composite with 3.0 wt% GO loading was up to 137.8 MPa, 75.5% higher than that of a pure PI. Besides, the electrical and the thermal conductivities increased with the increase of GO contents. An electrical conductivity value of 5.38 × 10−5 S m−1 and a thermal conductivity value of 0.10 W m−1 K−1 for GO/PI composites prepared via in situ polymerization at GO content of 3.0 wt% were achieved. The results indicated that in situ polymerization was able to make GO a better dispersion in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the behavior of GO under the thermal imidization temperature was also discussed. The experimental results showed that GO could be partially reduced to graphene during the thermal curing process. Above works are conducive to the understanding of the effect and transformation of GO in the preparation process of graphene-based composites.
Homogenization for macro-fiber composites using Reissner–Mindlin plate theory
Authors: Li Ya-Xi , Zhang Shun-Qi , Schmidt Rüdiger , Qin Xian-Sheng
Published: March 2016

This article deals with the equivalent elastic and piezoelectric constants of macro-fiber composite patches. Two types of macro-fiber composite patches, macro-fiber composite-d31 and macro-fiber composite-d33, are considered. The former one is dominated by the d31 effect, while the latter one mainly uses the d33 effect. First, based on the representative volume element technique, homogenized elastic and piezoelectric constants of those fiber-based substrate layers in macro-fiber composite patches are obtained through linear mixing rules. Second, using the obtained homogenized constants for fiber-based substrate layers, the overall elastic and piezoelectric constants of macro-fiber composite patches are obtained by modeling of multi-layer laminated macro-fiber composites based on the Reissner–Mindlin hypothesis. Finally, the homogenized overall material constants of macro-fiber composite patches are used to evaluate the structural behavior of macro-fiber composite bonded smart structures. The results calculated by homogenized constants are compared with those obtained by multi-substrate-layer modeling approach, as well as with those reported in the literature.