bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Dust-Acoustic Rogue Waves in an Electron Depleted Dusty Plasma
Authors: Sikta Jebun Naher , Chowdhury Nure Alam , Mannan Abdul , Sultana Sharmin , Mamun A. A.
Published: April 2021

The formation of gigantic dust-acoustic (DA) rouge waves (DARWs) in an electron depleted unmagnetized opposite polarity dusty plasma system is theoretically predicted. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. It is found that the NLSE leads to the modulational instability (MI) of DA waves (DAWs), and to the formation of DARWs, which are caused by to the effects of nonlinearity and dispersion in the propagation of DAWs. The conditions for the MI of DAWs and the basic properties of the generated DARWs are numerically identified. It is also seen that the striking features (viz., instability criteria, amplitude and width of DARWs, etc.) of the DAWs are significantly modified by the effects of super-thermality of ions, number density, mass and charge state of the plasma species, etc. The results obtained from the present investigation will be useful in understanding the MI criteria of DAWs and associated DARWs in electron depleted unmagnetized opposite polarity dusty plasma systems like Earth’s mesosphere (where the D-region plasma could suffer from electron density depletion), cometary tails, Jupiter’s magnetosphere, and F-ring of Saturn, etc.
A Doubly Green Separation Process: Merging Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Voshkin Andrey , Solov’ev Vitaliy , Kostenko Mikhail , Zakhodyaeva Yulia , Pokrovskiy Oleg
Published: April 2021

Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) is a green separation technique which uses mixtures of water and environmentally benign polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solvents. One of the challenges in implementing this extraction on an industrial scale is finding a suitable method for the isolation of target compounds from water-polymer solutions after the extraction, without diminishing ecological benefits of the method. In this paper, we propose using another green separation technique, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), for the back-extraction of low molecular weight medium polarity compounds from ATPE solutions. Experiments with two model compounds, caffeine and benzoic acid, showed principal applicability of SFE for this task. Pressure (100–300 bar) and temperature (35–75 °C) of supercritical carbon dioxide play a major role in defining extraction capability. Extraction ratios of 35% for caffeine and 42% for benzoic acid were obtained at high fluid pressure and moderate temperature at 1:6 volume phase ratio. That gives an estimation of 10–20 theoretical steps required for complete exhaustive extraction from the ATPE solution, which is readily achievable in standard counter-current column SFE. Combining these two green methods together not only serves as an environmentally friendly method for the isolation of valuable low molecular weight compounds from diluted water solutions, but also allows for simple, energy effective recuperation of ATPE solvents.
Design and Test of a Miniature Hydrogen Production Integrated Reactor
Authors: Velasco Ion , Sanz Oihane , Pérez-Miqueo Iñigo , Legorburu Iñigo , Montes Mario
Published: April 2021

A detailed study of the experimental issues involved in the design and operation of a methanol steam microreformer is presented in this paper. Micromachining technology was utilized to fabricate a metallic microchannel block coupling the exothermic and endothermic process. The microchannel block was coated with a Pd/ZnO catalyst in the reforming channels and with Pd/Al2O3 in the combustion channels by washcoating. An experimental system had been designed and fine-tuned allowing estimation of the heat losses of the system and to compensate for them by means of electric heating cartridges. In this way, the heat necessary for the reforming reaction is provided by methanol combustion, thanks to the temperature and flow cascade controller we developed. Thus, the coupling of both reactions in a block of microchannels without the interference caused by significant heat loss due to the small size of the laboratory microreactor could be studied. Runs of this microreformer device were carried out, varying the deposited catalyst amount, methanol steam reforming temperature and space velocity. When the reforming reaction was compensated by the combustion reaction and the heat losses by the electric heating, an almost isothermal behavior of the microchannel reactor was observed. In the less favorable case, with a 460 mg catalyst load, ΔTMSR was about 8 K and ΔTCOMB was about 16 K. This confirmed good coupling of the methanol steam reforming and the methanol combustion.
Recovery of Platinum from a Spent Automotive Catalyst through Chloride Leaching and Solvent Extraction
Authors: Méndez Ana , Nogueira Carlos A. , Paiva Ana Paula
Published: April 2021

Considering economics and environmental sustainability, recycling of critical metals from end-of-life devices should be a priority. In this work the hydrometallurgical treatment of a spent automotive catalytic converter (SACC) using HCl with CaCl2 as a leaching medium, and solvent extraction (SX) with a thiodiglycolamide derivative, is reported. The aim was to develop a leaching scheme allowing high Pt recoveries and minimizing Al dissolution, facilitating the application of SX. The replacement of part of HCl by CaCl2 in the leaching step is viable, without compromising Pt recovery (in the range 75–85%), as found for the mixture 2 M CaCl2 + 8 M HCl when compared to 11.6 M HCl. All leaching media showed good potential to recover Ce, particularly for higher reaction times and temperatures. Regarding SX, results achieved with a model solution were promising, but SX for Pt separation from the real SACC solution did not work as expected. For the adopted experimental conditions, the tested thiodiglycolamide derivative in toluene revealed a very good loading performance for both Pt and Fe, but Fe removal and Pt stripping from the organic phases after contact with the SACC solution were not successfully accomplished. Hence, the reutilization of the organic solvent needs improvement.
Incorporation of Modeling, Simulation, and Game-Based Learning in Engineering Dynamics Education towards Improving Vehicle Design and Driver Safety
Authors: Hulme Kevin F. , Schiferle Mark , Lim Rachel Su Ann , Estes Aaron , Schmid Matthias
Published: April 2021

As educational tools continue to evolve technologically, game-based learning (GBL) has emerged for its ability to improve specific learning outcomes such as motivation, engagement, and knowledge acquisition and retention. Despite recent advances with educators incorporating games and gaming strategies into higher-learning curricula, there is a current void in the literature that clarifies the critical relationship between GBL implementations and learning outcomes. In this effort, we build upon previous research by detailing the specification, design, and deployment of a series of GBL experiential learning interventions intended to improve conceptual understanding of vehicle dynamics. This implementation should result in positive downstream impacts on safety, both for the vehicle (i.e., design/interface)—and its driver. In our intervention, we deploy three separate pilot studies in a graduate engineering vehicle dynamics course, all of which leverage advanced GBL environments deployed on a high-fidelity motion-based driving simulator. The primary goals of the pilot studies are to interactively achieve an enhanced understanding of: (i) oversteer/understeer vehicles at ever-increasing speed; (ii) an optimal cornering strategy subject to the tire conditions of the vehicle; and (iii) lateral handling and yaw stabilization of a vehicle within an extreme evasive maneuver at varying entry speeds. The outcomes of the current effort serve to promote a future Theory of Change for planned best practices to improve human factors and human–vehicle machine interfaces through authentication of GBL in engineering education on a broader scale.
A Pilot Study on the Quality of Sexual Life of Patients Receiving Home Palliative Care in Poland
Authors: Janecki Marcin , Kaptacz Izabela , Janecka Zuzanna , Skrzypulec-Plinta Violetta
Published: April 2021

Background: Quality of life, physical, psychic, and social functioning assessments in patients suffering from chronic, progressive, and incurable diseases are one of the most significant aims of the palliative care home teams. Sexuality and intimacy can be one of the most important elements of a person’s life, even at the end of it. Unfortunately, there is very little interest in this topic among medical staff of palliative care units. The objective of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the health status, the quality of life, the quality of sexual life, and the recognition and resolution of sexual problems by the palliative care team in adult patients in the advanced stage of terminal illness, who were receiving home palliative care. Research methods: The study involved 342 adult patients in the advanced stage of incurable, progressive disease, covered by home palliative care in 15 facilities in Poland. A generic EuroQoL 5-Dimension 3-Level health and quality of life assessment questionnaire and a questionnaire developed by the researchers, including questions about sexual problems, were used in this prospective study. Results: The presented results are the part of the more extensive study. The assessment of health status and quality of life of the study patients showed that the evaluation was the lowest for performing ordinary daily activities. The quality of sexual life after diagnosis in more than half of the study patients has worsened. Almost half of the respondents felt that the palliative care team did not recognize or address their sexual concerns. Patients indicated nurses and physicians as the members of the palliative care team most helpful in identifying and addressing sexual concerns. Conclusions: Members of the palliative care team should receive training in communication with patients concerning their sexual life, their needs and expectations and have knowledge about options for obtaining specialized sexological care. It is necessary to prepare and validate simple tools that will facilitate the initiation of appropriate communication between patients and members of the medical staff. It will be important to conduct more detailed and targeted research on sexuality and intimacy in the Polish palliative care patient population.
A Study on the Essential and Parkinson’s Arm Tremor Classification
Authors: Skaramagkas Vasileios , Andrikopoulos George , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Polychronopoulos Panagiotis
Published: April 2021

In this article, the challenge of discriminating between essential and Parkinson’s tremor is addressed. Although a variety of methods have been proposed for diagnosing the severity of these highly occurring tremor types, their rapid and effective identification, especially in their early stages, proves particularly difficult and complicated due to their wide range of causes and similarity of symptoms. To this goal, a clinical analysis was performed, where a number of volunteers including essential and Parkinson’s tremor-diagnosed patients underwent a series of pre-defined motion patterns, during which a wearable sensing setup was used to measure their lower arm tremor characteristics from multiple selected points. Extracted features from the acquired accelerometer signals were used to train classification algorithms, including decision trees, discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and ensemble learning algorithms, for providing a comparative study and evaluating the potential of utilizing machine learning to accurately discriminate among different tremor types. Overall, SVM related classifiers proved to be the most successful in terms of classifying between Parkinson’s, essential and no tremor diagnosed with percentages reaching up to 100% for a single accelerometer measurement at the metacarpal area. In general and in motion while holding an object position, Coarse Gaussian SVM classifier reached 82.62% accuracy.
Public Norms in Practices of Transitional Planning—The Case of Energy Transition in The Netherlands
Authors: Salet Willem
Published: April 2021

The fallibility of intervening in complex realities is widely recognized in planning theory. The prevailing planning approaches of the last two decades may be summarized as attempts to make planning more responsive, corrective, and resilient, and also more sociocratic vis à vis the traditional government-centric rationalization of planning. These adaptations make sense, yet keep planning within the pragmatic scope of purposive aspirations and pragmatic problem solving. The pivotal statement of the article is that purposive systems run down in complex societies when not adequately sustained by institutionalizing sets of public norms. Public norms fulfil a different function than goal orientation. They provide a normative compass in times of uncertainty and set conditions to social interaction rather than organizing the performance of objectives or solving problems. The article aims to highlight the interrelationships of public norms and pragmatic strategies of planning. Empirically, the article addresses the major turning points of Dutch climate policy concerning the transitions of the electricity market, the major municipal–entrepreneurial initiatives of city-heating, and the decentralization of climate policies. The method of analysis is based on policy analysis of legislation, policy documents, and published contributions to public debates. The results of the analysis highlight the differences between the high policy aspirations and the outcomes. The results give evidence of the wicked problems in the complex energy transition. The discussion questions the mischievousness of ‘good’ planning intentions in complex social figurations, and critically examines the institutionalization of the material norms and the norms of politico-ordinance. The conclusions suggest that the social normalization of public norms in Dutch climate policies is not yet adequately materialized to effectively cope with wicked problems.
Bridging Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Circular Flow of Interaction among the University, Industry, and People
Authors: Roy Rumpa , El Marsafawy Hesham
Published: April 2021

Universities foster a collaboration with industry with their commitment towards society. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of organizations facilitate implementation of the recognition of prior learning (RPL) in higher education, while creating long-term opportunities for sustainable development. The researchers of this study come from two different disciplines, and aim to embed sustainable development strategies for transforming education by utilizing the capacity of educators and industry professionals, while also contributing to the community and economy. The researcher with a specialization in economics identified the well-being of the community and economy, and another researcher with a design and ergonomics background brought the concept of service design. Results of the conducted surveys imply that a skill gap exists in the labor market and participants from the community are interested in receiving hands on training from the industry. The researchers introduce a model focusing on the significance and implementation of RPL, allowing youth and adults to accumulate credit through non-formal and informal learning experiences. The model reflects how the university assesses the current skills and needs of the target communities, how they are communicated to industry by identifying potential areas of development, how industry responds to the needs by providing training, and how the university acknowledges prior learning and promotes potential candidates to contribute towards industry.
Detecting Anonymous Target and Predicting Target Trajectories in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Leela Rani P. , Sathish Kumar G. A.
Published: April 2021

Target Tracking (TT) is an application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which necessitates constant assessment of the location of a target. Any change in position of a target and the distance from each intermediate sensor node to the target is passed on to base station and these factors play a crucial role in further processing. The drawback of WSN is that it is prone to numerous constraints like low power, faulty sensors, environmental noises, etc. The target should be detected first and its path should be tracked continuously as it moves around the sensing region. This problem of detecting and tracking a target should be conducted with maximum accuracy and minimum energy consumption in each sensor node. In this paper, we propose a Target Detection and Target Tracking (TDTT) model for continuously tracking the target. This model uses prelocalization-based Kalman Filter (KF) for target detection and clique-based estimation for tracking the target trajectories. We evaluated our model by calculating the probability of detecting a target based on distance, then estimating the trajectory. We analyzed the maximum error in position estimation based on density and sensing radius of the sensors. The results were found to be encouraging. The proposed KF-based target detection and clique-based target tracking reduce overall expenditure of energy, thereby increasing network lifetime. This approach is also compared with Dynamic Object Tracking (DOT) and face-based tracking approach. The experimental results prove that employing TDTT improves energy efficiency and extends the lifetime of the network, without compromising the accuracy of tracking.
Development of a Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Allergenic Flavoring Agents in Cigarettes and Quantitative Risk Assessment for Consumer Safety
Authors: Jang Dae Yong , Kim Hyung Soo , Pack Eun Chul , Koo Ye Ji , Lim Kyung Min , Choi Dal Woong
Published: April 2021

Flavoring agents are added to cigarettes to improve taste. There are mostly permitted food additives, but some of them are restricted for use in food, cosmetics, and toys, since they can cause allergic reactions. Previous studies have investigated the levels of flavoring agents in tobacco but none has focused on their content in filter tips and capsules. Moreover, no studies have assessed the risk of adding allergenic flavoring agents in cigarettes. Here, we developed and validated a simultaneous analysis method for 25 allergenic flavoring agents and menthol with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to determine levels of flavoring agents in the tobacco, filter tips, and capsules of 54 commercial cigarettes in Korea. All cigarettes contained at least one allergenic flavoring agent regardless of the inclusion of flavoring capsules. Importantly, the filter tips and the capsules contained higher levels of flavoring agents than tobacco, highlighting the importance of the quantification of flavoring agents in these parts of cigarettes. Nevertheless, the risk assessment based on their levels in cigarettes suggested that their exposure was maintained at a safe level. However, the risk assessed from maximum menthol, linalool, and cinnamaldehyde exceeded one-tenth of derived no-effect levels, suggesting the need for further studies on their risk to human health.
On the Impact Monitoring of Near-Earth Objects: Mathematical Tools, Algorithms, and Challenges for the Future
Authors: Tommei Giacomo
Published: April 2021

The Impact Monitoring (IM) of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) is a young field of research, considering that 22 years ago precise algorithms to compute an impact probability with the Earth did not exist. On the other hand, the year 2020 just passed saw the increase of IM operational systems: in addition to the two historical systems, CLOMON2 (University of Pisa/SpaceDyS) and Sentry (JPL/NASA), the European Space Agency (ESA) started its own system AstOD. Moreover, in the last five years three systems for the detection of imminent impactors (small asteroidal objects detected a few days before the possible impact with the Earth) have been developed: SCOUT (at JPL/NASA), NEORANGER (at University of Helsinki) and NEOScan (at University of Pisa/SpaceDyS). The IM science, in addition to being useful for the planetary protection, is a very fascinating field of research because it involves astronomy, physics, mathematics and computer science. In this paper I am going to review the mathematical tools and algorithms of the IM science, highlighting the historical evolution and the challenges to be faced in the future.
Phenotypic and Genetic Evolutions of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Modified Live Vaccine after Limited Passages in Pigs
Authors: Eclercy Julie , Renson Patricia , Hirchaud Edouard , Andraud Mathieu , Beven Véronique , Paboeuf Frédéric , Rose Nicolas , Blanchard Yannick , Bourry Olivier
Published: April 2021

Modified live vaccines (MLVs) against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been regularly associated with safety issues, such as reversion to virulence. In order to characterize the phenotypic and genetic evolution of the PRRSV-1 DV strain from the Porcilis® PRRS MLV after limited passages in pigs, three in vivo experiments were performed. Trial#1 aimed (i) at studying transmission of the vaccine strain from vaccinated to unvaccinated contact pigs. Trial#2 and Trial#3 were designed (ii) to assess the reproducibility of Trial#1, using another vaccine batch, and (iii) to compare the virulence levels of two DV strains isolated from vaccinated (passage one) and diseased contact pigs (passage two) from Trial#1. DV strain isolates from vaccinated and contact pigs from Trial#1 and Trial#2 were submitted to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) full-genome sequencing. All contact animals from Trial#1 were infected and showed significantly increased viremia compared to vaccinated pigs, whereas no such change was observed during Trial#2. In Trial#3, viremia and transmission were higher for inoculated pigs with passage two of the DV strain, compared with passage one. In this study, we showed that the re-adaptation of the DV strain to pigs is associated with faster replication and increased transmission of the vaccine strain. Punctually, a decrease of attenuation of the DV vaccine strain associated with clinical signs and increased viremia may occur after limited passages in pigs. Furthermore, we identified three mutations linked to pig re-adaptation and five other mutations as potential virulence determinants.
Immune Responses to Irradiated Pneumococcal Whole Cell Vaccine
Authors: Ko Eunbyeol , Jeong Soyoung , Jwa Min Yong , Kim A Reum , Ha Ye-Eun , Kim Sun Kyung , Jeong Sungho , Ahn Ki Bum , Seo Ho Seong , Yun Cheol-Heui , Han Seung Hyun
Published: April 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) can cause respiratory and systemic diseases. Recently, γ-irradiation-inactivated, non-encapsulated, intranasal S. pneumoniae (r-SP) vaccine has been introduced as a novel serotype-independent and cost-effective vaccine. However, the immunogenic mechanism of r-SP is poorly understood. Here, we comparatively investigated the protective immunity and immunogenicity of r-SP to the heat-(h-SP) or formalin-inactivated vaccine (f-SP) without adjuvants. Mice were intranasally immunized with each vaccine three times and then challenged with a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain and then subsequently evaluated for their immune responses. Immunization with r-SP elicited modestly higher protection against S. pneumoniae than h-SP or f-SP. Immunization with r-SP enhanced pneumococcal-specific IgA in the nasal wash and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunization with r-SP enhanced S. pneumoniae-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b in the serum. r-SP more potently induced the maturation of dendritic cells in the cervical lymph nodes than h-SP or f-SP. Interestingly, populations of follicular helper T cells and IL-4-producing cells were potently increased in cervical lymph nodes of r-SP-immunized mice. Collectively, r-SP could be an effective intranasal, inactivated whole-cell vaccine in that it elicits S. pneumoniae-specific antibody production and follicular helper T cell activation leading to protective immune responses against S. pneumoniae infection.
The Institutions of Liberal and Conservative Values
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gasratyan Karina M.
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the liberal and conservative values: to the actual problem of comparable analyze of the liberal and conservative sights on individual behavior on its influence on their judgments on economy policy. There is the small sketch about liberal movement in last and its interaction with religious reformation. The author does conclude about nearsightedness of the neoliberal and neoconservative judgments on individual behavior and economy policy that have the important mean for development of market institution.
Changing Business Models in the Context of Digital Transformation of the Global Economy
Authors:   State University of Management, Smirnov Evgenii N.
Published: April 2021

Technological advances have resulted in rapid decrease of the data processing unit cost, which has stimulated a significant increase in the use of digital information that can be manipulated at a high speed and with low marginal costs. This change facilitated the use and integration of digital products and transactions, which led to continuous structural transformation of the economy. Digital technologies are increasingly blurring the boundaries between human life and information technologies, which requires a systemic approach to innovative business models, but so far general concept and unified methodology for systemic development of digital business models are missing. The present article summarizes the main approaches to analyzing changes in business models under the influence of digital transformation. The latter has led both to modification of global value chains and to the development of a new type of global digital platforms operating based on a new system of competitive advantages.
Introduction to the New Global Studies (Eco-Studies)
Authors:   Institute for Energy Strategy, Bushuev Vitalii V.
Published: April 2021

The world is an integral (holistic) “system of systems” (SoS), a set of self-sufficient, but interconnected (energy-materially, information-genetically and mental-conceptually), structural-functional formations (SFF), which are in a permanent state of stable development. Separate subsystems of the world system are the space and terrestrial oecumene, geotories (closed socio-natural systems) and civilizations, biosphere and technosphere, the world of reason (noosphere) and the cognitive world of a man. Metasystem as a whole (SoS) — is fractal (with SFF similar in space and time) dynamic system, in which "what's above, the same is below", "what happened is what will happen." Global studies is a complex of scientific knowledge, established generally accepted information and individual speculative assumptions, views and intuitive sensations about the world system as a whole and its individual parts, laws of their dynamic functioning and development, as well as a targeted vision system (foresight) of the present, the past and the future of SoS on the whole. Fractality of the world system allows us to use, for its general management, conseptions inherent in one of its constituent parts ("want to know the Universe — cognize a human himself", and vice versa). Cosmology, natural history, social science and human studies are determined by the same structural and functional concepts, in particular, the cyclical nature of both separate SFF and SoS as a whole. Therefore, the present article examines basic principles of a new metasystem-based world studies on the example of eco-studies (ecological, economic and energy conceptions on development of the planetary house-ecos in which we live: from the Greek oikos - house, place of residence, oikumen). At the same time, based on ideas about cyclical nature of the development of terrestrial oecumene and Eurasian civilization, an attempt is made to present the structure of a new project "Targeted vision of the new world" for the second half of the 21st century and for the coming 36-year period, "Christmas Eve" is the culmination of the 144-year "imperial" cycle.
Effectiveness of anti-stress drug use in the feeding of pigs
Authors: Nikolaev S. I. , Korneeva O. V. , Shkalenko V. V. , Karapetyan A. K. , Syuliev L. A.
Published: April 2021

The experiment has been carried out on a crossbred stock of young pigs in the period 2015–2017 under the conditions of JSC CHC “Krasnodonskoe” in the Ilovlinsky district in the Volgograd region. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the effect of the anti-stress drug Feed-Food Magic Antistress Mix in intensive pig rearing on the productive traits and quality of the products obtained, as well as the estimated economic indicators. In order to conduct a scientific and economic experiment at the age of 60 days young pigs were divided into 2 experimental groups (control and experimental) according to the principle of pair analogs. Each group contained 25 heads. The difference between the control and experimental groups was that the animals in the control group have received the main diet, and the experimental group has received the anti-stress drug Feed-Food Magic Antistress Mix in addition to the main diet. In the experimental group of pigs when this drug was administered in the age 180 days the live weight parameter was higher than in the control group by 1,55 kg. Clinical indicators of young pigs were within the physiological norm. The pre-slaughter weight in the experimental group has increased by 4,86 % compared to the control group. Due to the use of an anti-stress drug the slaughter weight of animals in the experimental group has increased by 6,69 %. In comparison with the control group the slaughter yield in the experimental group has increased by 1,18 %, in which this indicator was at the level of 67,62 %. The morphological composition of carcasses in animals of the experimental group was also improved. Meat yield has increased by 0,95 %. The yield of fat and bones has decreased by 0,59 and 0,36 %. The weight of internal organs was also superior in the experimental group of pigs. Due to the use of the anti-stress drug the level of profitability in the experimental group of animals has increased by 11,69 %.
ESTUDIO DE TIEMPOS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA PRODUCTIVIDAD
Authors: Muñoz Choque Angie Mabel
Published: April 2021

Los factores que afectan la productividad suelen variar en cada industria, en este sentido, la investigación el propósito del estudio fue plantear acciones para incrementar la productividad del sector de despacho en una fábrica de cemento boliviana, con base en el estudio de tiempos. Este estudio de alcance relacional tiene base en la interdependencia entre productividad (desempeño de operarios y eficiencia de máquinas) y tiempos de operación, condiciones de trabajo y mantenimiento, las técnicas empleadas fueron: observación participante, revisión bibliográfica, entrevista y cronometraje. Como resultado se plantearon dos acciones para elevar la productividad, relacionadas con reducción de tiempos improductivos y mantenimiento preventivo. Sin embargo, dado que se descartó la existencia de correlación entre productividad y condiciones de trabajo, no se platearon acciones en este sentido. Se concluye que, en contextos particulares, las variables que afectan la productividad varían, el estudio de tiempos permitió plantear acciones específicas para la empresa estudiada.
Cultural interaction paradigms
Authors:   Priazovskyi State Technical University, Belova Natalya , Popovich Olena ,   Mariupol State University
Published: April 2021

Consistent design of the conceptual-analytical system of philosophical knowledge about the essence of interaction of cultures faces the problem of absence of «mono-object» (or single object), because the subject of study is interaction of systems or system complexes. In view of this, the article substantiates the need to enhance the integrative status of the philosophy of culture, in particular by including in its subject some specific problems of cultural studies and proposes to consider the interaction of cultures as a system complex containing cultural systems of different levels of generality (community, group, personality). Consideration of a number of systems (system complexes) allows us to understand the two-vector nature of adaptation and to see the positive and negative factors influencing the development of personality consequences of the interaction of cultures. Taking into consideration, that analysis of the process of socio-cultural adaptation of an individual is complicated by the presence of levels, the number and difference of which are determined by the understanding of the individual not only as a creature acting in the physical but also in the socio-cultural plane,the need of search for mechanisms to preserve the individual's self in the conditions of rapid renewal of all spheres of social lifeIt is tmphasized. Sociocultural adaptation as the process of active adapting of an individual or group to a changing environment through cultural mechanisms ( not only the changing environment itself, but also the changes of the individual or group itself) in the process of adaptation was reviewed. It is emphasized that synonymous use of the terms "acculturation" and socio-cultural or intercultural adaptation is inappropriate. The development of the theory of acculturation, its levels and additions to the theory of strategies of acculturation are traced. It was suggested by to consider the theory of acculturation (including supplementing dimensions) and the theory of strategies of acculturation as the complex of acculturation. The multi-quality of the interaction of cultures is revealed. Some reconciliation of existing paradigms of cultural interaction are proposed, since in the current conditions of accelerating the processes of globalization the use of philosophical methodology will help to understand the common problems of human being, and will create the basis for the combination of a bunch of systems (system complexes) of interaction of cultures.
O Parlamento Camocinense: Fatos históricos 1879.2019
Authors: Santos Carlos Augusto Pereira dos
Published: April 2021

A história das Câmaras Municipais no Brasil se confunde com a própria história do país, mesmo quando éramos apenas um território colonial português. Aliás, a origem desta história remonta às câmaras municipais portuguesas que existiam desde o período medieval. Neste sentido, quando no Brasil Colônia o povoado de São Vicente foi elevado à condição de vila e formada sua Câmara Municipal, já trazia no seu bojo a semelhança administrativa portuguesa, instituída por ato régio, que trazia a vigência de todas as normas válidas no Império Português, fundamentadas nas famosas Ordenações Manuelinas (até 1603) e Ordenações Filipinas, até o avento da Independência em 1822.
Civil society organizations and conditional cash transfers programs in Latin America. The case of Oportunidades in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Blanco Velasco María Isabel , Martínez González Paulina ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: April 2021

This paper explores the perceptions of civil society organizations vis–à–vis Mexico’s main anti–poverty program: Progresa–Oportunidades (Prop), particularly with regards to the program’s mechanisms for fostering participation and building citizenship. Based on interviews with representatives from 42 civil society organizations that work in poor communities in different parts of the country, the authors observe that these organizations are generally quite critical of Prop; they see the beneficiaries’ participation as passive and not geared towards creating a sense of civic responsibility. What is more, the participation of civil society organizations has itself been minimal. Nevertheless, civil society has an important role to play, the authors argue, in preventing the program from being used for clientelistic purposes, especially with regards to electoral proselytism.
Raúl Prebisch (1918-1930) ante el Poder-Saber
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mallorquín Carlos
Published: April 2021

El ensayo intenta describir la formación y evolución del vocabulario teórico de Raúl Prebisch, así como las actividades y responsabilidades más importantes desde sus días estudiantiles hasta su confirmación como profesor universitario. Se destacan sus formas muy particulares de crítica y voluntad de poder y su innata cualidad de líder. El énfasis en las citas de Prebisch busca remarcar la personalidad del joven Prebisch, si es que alguna vez lo fue. La recientemente constituida Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires presentaba una apertura política y pluralidad teórica muy singular. Prebisch es inmediatamente incorporado a varias de las tareas académicas de la facultad al mismo tiempo que busca empleo fuera de sus recintos. El relato termina unos días previos a su nombramiento como subsecretario de Hacienda y su incorporación como tecnócrata gubernamental.
¿Una pareja dispareja? Prebisch, Keynes y la dinámica capitalista
Authors:   Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, Pérez Caldentey Esteban , Vernengo Matías ,   Banco Central de Argentina y Universidad de Utah
Published: April 2021

Keynes tuvo una profunda influencia en el pensamiento de Prebisch, no sólo en términos del diagnóstico acerca de los principales fallos de las economías de mercado, sino también en la necesidad de llevar a cabo políticas proactivas y anticíclicas. No obstante, Prebisch fue crítico de la obra principal de Keynes, Teoría general de la ocupación, el interés y el dinero (1936). Consideró que dicha obra estaba alejada de la realidad de las economías capitalistas. Además sostuvo que era inconsistente y no representaba en absoluto una ruptura con la teoría dominante. Las críticas de Prebisch se centraron en la teoría de interés y el multiplicador. La actitud de Prebisch en relación a Keynes puede explicarse por una diferencia en el objeto y el método de análisis. Los intereses de Prebisch se centraban en la dinámica y los ciclos, temas periféricos al mensaje y análisis central de Teoría general. Sin embargo, hay muchos puntos en común y confluencias entre ambos autores.
Raúl Prebisch, la economía y los economistas. Entre una crisis y la crisis, 1930-1935
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Caravaca Jimena
Published: April 2021

El artículo analiza una serie de políticas económicas implementadas entre 1930 y 1935. El periodo fue central en el proceso de constitución de la economía como saber de Estado y de los economistas como expertos que definieron a la economía pública como uno de sus campos profesionales. La trayectoria pública inicial de Raúl Prebisch resulta fundamental como forma de acceder a los debates y tensiones entre técnica y política. Se analiza la creación del impuesto a la renta, el Plan de Acción Económica Nacional y los debates sobre la creación del Banco Central de la República Argentina, medidas de las que Prebisch fue ideólogo responsable y en las que el grupo de profesionales que constituyó a su alrededor ocupó lugares centrales.
Reviving the Spirit of Gender Equality: Fatayat Nahdlatul Ulama between Idealism and Realization
Authors: Adisti Aprilian Ria
Published: April 2021

As the Muslim women's movement Nahdlatul Ulama, Fatayat NU has dedicated itself especially to reviving the spirit of gender equality in society. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design that portrays basic cadre training as an effort to strengthen the spirit of gender equality in Fatayat NU cadres. This research is conducted at the Budossyan Village Hall, Tengaran District, Semarang Regency, which was attended by 50 Fatayat NU cadres. The data collection instruments are observation, interview and documentation. Realizing idealism in gender equality requires hard work from all elements. Fatayat NU is actively empowering women to reach gender equality in society even though in reality they still face many challenges and obstacles. The biggest challenge faced by Fatayat NU is how to fight the patriarchal culture that still dominates women roles in society. The results shows that the implementation of this training is successful in supporting Fatayat NU cadres to be more sensitive to issues of gender inequality by encouraging themselves to take an important role in society. Finally, it is concluded that the realization of idealism in reviving the spirit of gender equality in Fatayat NU still needs to be improved and evaluated periodically so that Fatayat NU cadres can become role models as agents of change in society in achieving gender equality.
Vývoj interakce přírodního prostředí a subsistenční strategie raně středověké společnosti: Pohansko u Břeclavi a okolí
Authors: Doláková Nela , Kočár Petr , Dresler Petr , Dreslerová Gabriela , Kočárová Romana , Ivanov Martin , Nehyba Slavomír
Published: April 2021

Multidisciplinární výzkum založený na korelaci a interpretaci dat získaných archeologickými a přírodovědnými metodami. Hlavním cílem je rekonstrukce interakce faktorů životního prostředí a životních podmínek lidských komunit od 6. do počátku 12. století. Studie vychází z výzkumu velkomoravského centra na Pohansku u Břeclavi, jeho okolí a zázemí. Strategie obživy a její vývoj v raně středověké společnosti byla studována na základě nálezů souvisejících se zemědělskou výrobou a následným zpracováním produktů.
Monitoria na escola do campo: aluno ajudando aluno no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática
Authors: Câmara Dieyson , Silva Rômel da Rosa da
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma compilação dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa de Câmara (2017), a qual investigou o uso da atividade de monitoria envolvendo alunos de séries distintas, no Ensino Fundamental, na escola do campo. Foram realizados quatro encontros de monitoria nos quais alunos do nono ano auxiliaram alunos do sexto ano na resolução de uma série de exercícios envolvendo as quatro operações básicas com números naturais. A análise dos dados coletados revelou que a atividade de monitoria foi bem-aceita pelos alunos e que houve aprendizagem efetiva, de onde podemos concluir que a monitoria pode ajudar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática na escola do campo.
Propriedades do Conjunto de Cantor
Authors: Assunção Bryan Douglas Nunes , Bertoloto Fábio José
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho tem por intenção divulgar o já conhecido Conjunto de Cantor. A ideia é exibir uma demonstração mais detalhada de algumas propriedades importantes que ele possui, não sendo, de certa forma, tão comum encontrá-las em textos em português. Também veremos que, a menos de homeomorfismo, o Conjunto de Cantor é o único, como espaço métrico, com todas as propriedades indicadas.
Determinants of Project Sustainability in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Wangari Catherine , Minja David
Published: April 2021

The devolved system of governance in Kenya has enabled County Governments to initiate various developmental-oriented projects in the counties. Most of the funds provided by the County Government are short-term and therefore do not consider funding of the project that will guarantee sustainability after funding has been withdrawn. As a result, most of these projects become abandoned or end up being a white elephant, yet a lot of money has already been spent. This study aimed to establish the determinants of sustainability of CFPs in Gatundu North Sub County in Kiambu County. The study was based on three theories, namely: stakeholders’ theory, theory of sustainability, and competence theory, all of which provided the framework of the study. The study targeted the following group of people: PMC members, project beneficiaries, the sub-county departmental heads, and chief officers’ in charge of the devolved functions. The study, therefore, targeted a total population of 100 respondents who included 30 PMC members, 50 project beneficiaries, ten head of departments and ten chief officers who in this case were engaged in the implementation of CFPs and they were, therefore, believed to possess relevant knowledge on the sustainability of the projects. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The instruments for data collection were semi-structured questionnaires and an interview guide. The semi-structured questionnaires were self-administered to the PMC members, project beneficiaries, and the sub-county departmental heads while the interview guides were scheduled for the chief officers. Questionnaires were tested to ascertain their reliability using Cronbach’s alpha with a limit of 0.6. The validity of the questionnaire was tested by use of content validity. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: mean, frequencies, percentages, and standard deviation. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics, which included Pearson’s Correlation analysis. Ethical considerations included the researcher seeking consent from the County Secretary and the administrative authority in Gatundu North, briefing the respondents on the purpose of the study and that information acquired would be treated with confidentiality and would remain anonymous. The study findings show that the four independent variables serve as determinants to the sustainability of county-funded projects in Gatundu North Sub-County. Project monitoring is the key determinant of county-funded projects. The government of Kiambu County, through the relevant stakeholders, should ensure that all the county-funded projects are properly monitored to ensure that they are sustainable and beneficial to the locals. Lastly, the County Government of Kiambu should focus much on hiring competent and experienced professionals to implement the projects.
KRŪTIES VĖŽIU SERGANČIŲ MOTERŲ SVEIKATOS SĄLYGOJAMA GYVENIMO KOKYBĖ COVID – 19 PANDEMIJOS LAIKOTARPIU
Authors: Goriajeva Sofija , Samsonienė Laimutė
Published: April 2021

Krūties vėžys – dažniausiai moterims nustatomas piktybinis navikas. Nacionalinio vėžio instituto duomenimis, Lietuvoje kasmet nustatoma apie 1500 naujų vėžio atvejų. Straipsnyje aptariami veiksniai, turintys įtakos krūties vėžiu sergančių moterų gyvenimo kokybei: amžius, funkcionalumas ir specifiniai šiai ligai būdingi sveikatos simptomai. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti krūties vėžiu sergančių moterų dominuojančius gyvenimo kokybės veiksnius pandemijos laikotarpiu. Empirinis tyrimas atliktas 2020 m. liepos-gruodžio mėnesiais. Anoniminėje apklausoje sutiko dalyvauti 104 moterys, duomenų analizei nepanaudotos 4 netinkamai užpildytos anketos. Tiriamųjų amžius svyravo nuo 33 iki 74 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 52,51 ± 9,18. Gyvenimo kokybei vertinti buvo naudojamas EORTC QLQ-C30 (3.0 versija) klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai: bendroji respondentų gyvenimo kokybės vidurkio mediana Md = 66,67 nepasiekė teorinio vidurkio (100 balų); funkcinės srities emocinės būsenos ir socialinio gyvenimo vidutinės reikšmės (45,75 ir 56,80 balų) vyresniojo amžiaus tiriamųjų grupėje buvo geresnės (p<0,05), nei jaunesniojo amžiaus grupėje (32,52 balų ir 42,48 balų). Nustatyti sveikatos simptomai: nuovargis, nemiga, skausmas bei finansiniai sunkumai turėjo poveikį (p<0,05) prastai tiriamųjų psichosocialinei sveikatai. Duomenų analizės rezultatai parodė, kad globalios pandemijos situacijoje tiriamosios patyrė nesaugumo jausmą pagrindinėse gyvenimo kokybės srityse, todėl būtina peržiūrėti ir parengti naujas sveikatos priežiūros bei kasdienio gyvenimo praktines rekomendacijas, siekiant pagerinti krūties vėžiu sergančių moterų psichoemocinę sveikatą bei finansinę padėtį.