bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYPERACUTE REJECTION OF A KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT MAY BE CAUSED BY CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: KRISTENSEN TOM , GRUNNET NIELS , MADSEN MELVIN , SØLLING JAKOB , FJELDBORG OLE , OLSEN T. STEEN , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN FLEMMING
Published: August 2010

A case of hyperacute rejection of a kidney allograft is described in relation to the clinical, patho‐anatomical, and immunological findings. An 18‐year‐old male was allotransplanted for the third time with a necrokidney from an unrelated HLA‐A and B, full house identical and bloodgroup ABO identical donor. Serological crossmatches performed with recipient sera harvested before and after transplantation were negative. In spite of this, the kidney suffered hyperacute rejection according to clinical and patho‐anatomical criteria. The cellular, complement independent cytolytic capacity of recipient lymphocytes drawn before and after transplantation against donor lymphocytes was tested by the directCellMediatedLympholysis (CML) test. This test was positive 24 hours after transplantation, whereas it had been negative before this. Lymphocytolysis was enhanced by inactivated recipient serum harvested before and after transplantation. These findings suggest that hyperacute rejection of a kidney allograft may be ascribed to presensitized, not necessarily circulating, effector lymphocytes either alone, or in concert with antibody (ies) not disclosed by conventional crossmatching.
ALLO‐AGGRESSION IN CHICKENS
Authors: CRONE MONNA , SIMONSEN MORTEN
Published: August 2010

B1‐anti‐B2 and B2‐anti‐B1 allo‐antisera were raised by i.v. immunization of homozygous B1/1 and B2/2 chickens, respectively, with B1/2 cells of the following sources: peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL), erythrocytes, thymus cells and bursa cells. Purified suspensions of these all produced anti‐B allo‐antibodies which could both haemagglutinate red blood cells and strongly inhibit the GVH reactivity of blood lymphocytes of the original donor type. Absorption studies of the sera using cells of the same four sources showed that they could all completely remove the GVH inhibitory antibodies. A fact of particular importance is that B‐haplotype determined antigens which are common to erythrocytes and lymphocytes seem to include the gene products of the allo‐aggression locus, as earlier defined (Simonsen 1975).
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ALLOANTIBODIES OR F(ab')2 AND PREDNISONE ON MURINE SPLIT HEART ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL
Authors: SCHILLING W. , SVEHAG S.‐E.
Published: August 2010

Heterotopic grafting of split allogeneic mouse hearts across a strong H‐2 barrier (A/Sn → A.CA) was used in a study of alloantibody or F(ab')2 induced enhancement. Strong specific binding of alloantibodies occurred in the graft. A marked synergistic effect on graft survival was observed after combined treatment of recipients with enhancing serum and prednisone. The highly dose‐dependent enhancing effect of F(ab')2 was also strongly potentiated by supporting prednisone treatment. In vitro pre‐incubation of the heart tissue with alloantiserum or F(ab')2 did not prolong graft survival; in contrast, C‐mediated damage of the graft was suggested when serum was used.
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY AFTER PRIMING WITH A THYMUS INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN, NIP‐FICOLL
Authors: HURME M.
Published: August 2010

The capacity of mouse spleen fragments to mount an anti‐NIP (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenylacetyl) response in vitro was studied. The fragments came from unprimed, NIP‐Ficoll (polymer of sucrose and epichlorhydrin) or NIP‐CG (chicken globulin) primed mice. Unprimed spleen fragments from C57BL/6 mice gave a good anti‐NIP response to NIP‐Ficoll, whereas CBA fragments did not. Priming with NIP‐Ficoll made CBA fragments responsive and enhanced slightly the response of C57BL/6 fragments when stimulated with the same antigen. This memory effect could be seen only after a small priming dose. Priming the mice with NIP‐Ficoll made their spleen fragments responsive to a protein conjugate of NIP (NIP‐CG), but this effect was seen only after priming with a high dose. The antibody class distribution and the kinetics of the appearance of different immunoglobulin classes were similar in the primary and secondary responses in vitro. The peak responses of IgM, IgA and IgG were reached on day eight and the relative amount of IgG was the same in the primary and in the secondary responses. Spleen fragments derived from NIP‐CG primed mice produced more IgG anti‐NIP antibodies than fragments derived from untreated mice when immunized in vitro with NIP‐Ficoll. The amount of IgG was, however, much higher when these fragments were challenged with the homologous antigen, NIP‐CG.
ANTIBODIES TO SYNTHETIC ACTH IN ASTHMATIC AND RHEUMATIC PATIENTS
Authors: JONSSON JONAS , PEGELOW KJELL‐ORVAR
Published: August 2010

The prevalence of antibodies against synthetic ACTH preparations and porcine gamma globulin was investigated in 29 asthmatic patients, in 28 rheumatic patients, and in 63 normal subjects of both sexes. Agglutinating antibodies were examined by a passive haemagglutination test and IgE antibodies by a radio‐immuno assay. The incidence of agglutinating reactions against Synacthén® and porcine gamma globulin was significantly higher in the asthmatic and rheumatic groups than in the group of normal subjects. Titres were generally low, attaining supposedly pathological levels (≥ 1/200) in about 10 per cent of the asthmatic patients and in 20‐40 per cent of the rheumatic patients. In asthmatic patients, the incidence of ACTH specific IgE was higher than that in the normal group. This difference was not statistically significant in patients on routine treatment but it became satistically significant after ACTH booster treatment. In rheumatic patients the incidence of IgE antibodies against ACTH was significantly lower than that in the normal group. The incidence of agglutinating antibodies against vaso‐pressin in asthmatic and rheumatic patients was also increased as compared with that in normal subjects and the titres were positively correlated to those against ACTH.
THE SEROLOGY OF PSEUDOMON AS AERUGINOSA ANALYSED BY MEANS OF QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC METHODS
Authors: HØIBY NIELS
Published: August 2010

The conformity of the immunoprecipitate pattern obtained with a polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen (St‐Ag) and different pools of a polyvalent, purified (IgG and IgA) rabbit antiserum (St‐Ab) against St‐Ag has been studied. Ten rabbits were immunized and bled every fifth week. Eight pools of St‐Ab were produced during nearly four years. All the St‐Ab pools were mutually compared by means of quantitative immuno‐electrophoretic methods. All St‐Ab pools were found to present St‐Ag/St‐Ab immunoprecipitate patterns which, qualitatively and quantitatively, were similar. None of the obtained immunoprecipitates between St‐Ag and the pooled antisera disappeared during the procedures of purification of IgG and IgA. Quantitative and qualitative comparison of the polyvalent St‐Ab pools (“titre”) was made by counting the total number of immunoprecipitates obtained by St‐Ag, followed by their identification, and by calculating the mean area of 12 selected and representative immunoprecipitate. The abilities of the rabbits to produce antibodies were found to vary individually. None of the rabbits produced precipitating antibodies against all the 64 known P. aeruginosa antigens in St‐Ag. On the average, each of the rabbits lacked precipitating antibodies against 5 of the antigens. By pooling antisera from 3 rabbits out of 8 only 14 per cent of the possible combinations would contain detectable precipitins against all the known antigens of St‐Ag.
THE SEROLOGY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ANALYSED BY MEANS OF QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC METHODS
Authors: HØIBY NIELS
Published: August 2010

The stability of a polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen (St‐Ag) was analysed under different experimental conditions by quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. St‐Ag did not undergo proteolytic degradation by plasmin which is present in the corresponding polyvalent rabbit antiserum (St‐Ab) against St‐Ag. Storage at —30°C for up to 4 years caused no qualitative changes in St‐Ag and, after 1 year, only minor quantitative changes could be revealed. Repeated thawing and freezing caused no changes in St‐Ag whereas storage at 4°C, or at room temperature, caused gradual degradation of most of the antigens of St‐Ag, beginning after 1 week. Heating up to 40°C for 2 min did not change St‐Ag, but heating for longer periods of time or at higher temperatures gradually destroyed most of the antigens of St‐Ag. The most thermostable antigen in St‐Ag was number 37 which is related to the group specific O antigens.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN A REACTIVE AND NON‐REACTIVE SUBFRAGMENTS OF Fc FROM HUMAN IgG
Authors: ENDRESEN C. , GROV A.
Published: August 2010

Tryptic digests of acid‐treated Fc from normal human IgG were separated into four peaks (I‐IV) by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐100. The second peak was further divided into two fractions (II and II'). Peak I was indistinguishable from intact Fc on electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and reactivity to protein A. The protein A reactive fragments of fractions II, II', and III were shown to contain antigenic determinants of both the CH2 and CH3 domains, to interact with the anti‐Gm (1) specific rheumatoid factor, and to fix complement. These results, together with SDS‐electrophoresis, showed that protein A reactive fragments are all composed of an intact Fc chain with shorter chains covalently linked to it. The protein A non‐reactive fragments of fractions II' and III were homogeneous, fixed complement and showed no interaction with the Gm (1) rheumatoid factor. These results, in addition to the observed antigenic determinants, localized the fragments to the CH2 region.
EFFECT OF AUROTHIOMALATE ON HUMAN MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: VIKEN K. E. , LAMVIK J. O.
Published: August 2010

Human mononuclear phagocytes were exposed to aurothiomalate in various concentrations and at various stages in the diferentiation from monocytes to macrophages in vitro. Monocytes exposed to aurothiomalate during the first 90 minutes of culture showed impaired engulfment capacity when tested 8 days after the exposure to the drug. It was found that aurothiomalate suppressed the digestion capacity in differentiated macrophages while the engulfment capacity was unaffected by the drug. During the period of differentiation from 90 minutes to 8 days of culture, exposure to aurothiomalate resulted in a dose dependent reduction in cell survival and differentiation. The effect of aurothiomalate on the blastoid transformation of lymphocytes following BCG stimulation was also tested. A strong and dose dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis was recorded. The inhibition of phagocytosis in mononuclear phagocytes and the inhibition of antigen‐induced lymphocyte stimulation as demonstrated may help to explain the effect of aurothiomalate in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Key words: Mononuclear phagocytes; lymphocytes; effect of aurothiomalate; in vitro.
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF A DNA‐PREPARATION FROM CALF THYMUS USED FOR THE DEMONSTRATION OF ANTI‐DNA
Authors: JONSSON JONAS
Published: August 2010

It was attempted to evaluate passive haemagglutination of antigen coated, tanned erythrocytes as a test by which to demonstrate anti‐DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. The antigen was prepared using a minimum of procedures in order to produce a native preparation. The resulting material had most of the criteria applying to native DNA, but the protein content was about 9 per cent. It contained a thymocyte specific component, but no demonstrable trace of bovine species antigen. The reactions between the antigen and an anti‐DNA serum from a patient with suspected SLE were inhibited by DNA and DNA‐histone, but not appreciably by ENA, RNA or desoxyribonucleosides. Passive haemagglutination reactions against the antigen were positively correlated to a homogeneous immunofluorescence nuclear pattern and negatively correlated to a speckled pattern. Passive haemagglutination titres against ENA and DNA antigen were not correlated. Seventy‐three per cent of randomly selected sera gave either purely DNase sensitive reactions (19 per cent) or reactions of combined sensitivity to DNase and other enzymes. Twenty‐eight out of 53 sera reacting in the passive haemagglutination test reacted also in the immunofluorescence test againstChrithidia luciliaekinetoplasts. The latter reactions were DNase sensitive. It applies to both tests that DNase sensitive, but RNase resistant, reactions were well correlated, irrespective of their sensitivity to trypsin while DNase resistant or DNase and RNase sensitive reactions were not correlated. The passive haemagglutination test using a native but relatively crude DNA‐preparation coated on tanned sheep erythrocytes supplemented by specificity tests with DNase and RNase treated antigen gives about the same information as the indirect immunofluorescence test againstChrithidia luciliaekinetoplasts. Furthermore, the results show that patients' sera reacting with a homogeneous nuclear pattern in the indirect immunofluorescence test may contain not only anti‐DNA and anti‐nucleohistone antibodies, but also antibodies to a number of non‐histone chromatin associated proteins some of which contain RNA.
ENCEPHALITOGENIC ACTIVITY OF THE N‐TERMINAL PART OF BOVINE MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN IN RABBITS
Authors: BERGSTRAND HÅKAN
Published: August 2010

The disease‐inducing activity of the N‐terminal part (residues 1—42) of bovine myelin basic protein in rabbits is localized to two regions. One encephalitogenic determinant probably in‐corporates at least one of the lysine residues (Nos. 4 and 11); the other is within residues 20‐36. It is concluded that region 1‐42 shows a comparably strong degree of encephalito‐genicity for rabbits.
C1 SUBCOMPONENT COMPLEXES IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SERA STUDIED BY CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: LAURELL ANNA‐BRITA , MÁRTENSSON ULLA , SJÖHOLM ANDERS G.
Published: August 2010

Selected pathological sera gave three molecular species of C1s protein on crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of calcium. Cls precipitates were obtained at the origin and in the β1 and α2 regions. 12 normal sera gave C1s protein peaks at the origin and in α3 position. One of the normal sera also contained a small amount of the β3 C1s protein. The Cls protein at the origin represented macromolecular C1. The α2 peak was a complex composed of CI IA, C1s and C1r proteins. This complex was preformed in serum and did not show C4 cleaving activity. The molecular species in the β1 region was shown to be a calcium‐dependent complex of C1r and C1s, probably in proenzyme form. The C1r‐C1s complex formed macromolecular C1 on addition of purified C1q to serum. During electrophoresis activation of C1 subcomponents was initiated by a mechanism involving C1r with generation of C1s activity in eluted fractions corresponding to the position of macromolecular C1 as well as in the β region. The significance of β1 C1s complexes or of α2 C1s complexes in normal and pathological sera was discussed.
EFFECT OF SODIUM‐SALICYLATE ON THE FUNCTION OF CULTURED, HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS
Authors: VIKEN K. E.
Published: August 2010

Thein vitroeffect of Na‐salicylate on some functions of human mononuclear cells was studied. In therapeutical concentrations the drug was found to interfere both with the function of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Na‐salicylate in concentrations of 400‐800 μg/ml slightly inhibited the digestion of yeast particles. When the drug was present in the culture medium in doses above 160 μg/ml during the cell differentiation period from 90 minutes to the 8th day of culture, a reduction in the number of adhesive, viable cells was recorded. The remaining cells, however, were found to have a normal phagocytic function. A strong and dose dependent inhibition of the ability of lymphocytes to proliferate after antigenic stimulation with BCG bacilli was recorded. The inhibitory effect on the PHA response, however, was less prominent. The results presented indicate that Na‐salicylate has a direct inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation and monocyte differentiation and phagocytosis, which may be part of the explanation of the anti‐inflammatory effect of the drug.
INHIBITION OF THE MITOGENICITY OF THE CARRIER MOLECULE RESULTS IN LOSS OF IMMUNOGENICITY OF A HAPTEN‐LPS CONJUGATE
Authors: SMITH E. , HAMMARSTRÖM L.
Published: August 2010

Colistin methanesulfonate, a basic polypeptide similar to polymyxin E, has been shown to suppress the mitogenicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli. It also inhibits the immunogenicity of a hapten‐LPS conjugate. The inhibition was neither due to interference with the expression of hapten determinants, nor was it due to crossreactivity between the hapten and colistin methanesulfonate. As mitogenicity and immunogenicity was similarly affected, we conclude that activation of bursa‐derived lymphocytes, in specific thymus‐independent immune responses, does not take place in the absence of a mitogenic (non‐Ig mediated) signal, thus supporting the hypothesis of the “one nonspecific signal” for B cell triggering.
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS OF NUDE MICE TO LGM VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Christoffersen P. J. , Volkert M. , Rygaard J.
Published: August 2010

The acute LCM infection in nude mice runs a course which is clinically inapparent, and neither a humoral nor a cell‐mediated immune response could be detected. Furthermore, during this infection the blood virus titers reached extremely high values. These observations are contrary to what is seen when ordinary normal mice are infected with the LCM virus but identical with the events following infection of ordinary but immuno‐deficient mice. Despite the absence of immune responses to the virus in the nude mice the very high virus titers obtained within the first few days of the infection declined somewhat during the following weeks. This and the other observations made are discussed briefly in the light of the current hypothesis concerning the immune status of the nude mice and the pathogenesis of the LCM virus infection in mice.
FRAGMENTS OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN HUMAN FAECES
Authors: HANEBERG B. , ENDRESEN C.
Published: August 2010

Fab‐fragments of IgG were easily demonstrated in extracts of faeces from healthy infants and children. Employing immunoelectrophoresis with antisera to whole human serum and to Fab‐fragments of IgG, a marked precipitation line, likely to represent such fragments, was evident in the cathodal or γ‐region. Usually no precipitate was formed with antisera specific for γ‐heavy chains or Fc‐fragments of IgG. Presumably IgG in the gut is partially destroyed before being excreted with faeces. Results of immunoelectrophoresis, gel filtration as well as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using antisera to a‐heavy chains, indicated the presence of fragments of IgA in some faecal extracts. Fragments of IgA could not be demonstrated in IgA‐deficient patients, and no fragments of either class, or only traces of Fab‐fragments of IgG, were found in agammaglobulinaemic patients. No antibody activity against rabbit erythrocytes was found in gel filtration fractions containing such fragments; any reaction was not observed either in the direct agglutination test or in a modified antiglobulin test.
THE EFFECT OF PHENYLBUTAZONE AND CHLORAMPHENICOL ON PHAGOCYTOSIS OF RADIOLABELLEDCANDIDA ALBICANSBY HUMAN MONOCYTES CULTUREDIN VITRO
Authors: ØDEGAARD ARNE , LAMVIK JON
Published: August 2010

The effect of phenylbutazone and chloramphenicol on the function of blood monocytes culturedin vitrowas studied. Both drugs had an inhibitory effect on the engulfment stage of phagocytosis. While a moderate effect only of chloramphenicol on digestion of engulfed yeast particles was found, phenylbutazone caused a marked reduction of the digestion of engulfed particles. Concomitant with this reduction of digestive ability, the lysosomes showed no morphological alterations as observed in control cultures without drug addition, indicating a lack of fusion between the engulfed particles and lysosomes in the presence of phenylbutazone.
SURFACE STRUCTURES INFLUENCING THE MIGRATION IN VIVO (ECOTAXIS) OF MURINE THYMOCYTES, T‐ AND B‐CELLS
Authors: WIIG JOHAN N.
Published: August 2010

The effect of protease and neuraminidase treatment on the ecotaxis of radioactively labelled thymocytes, T‐ and B‐cells was studied by scintillation counting and autoradiography. Each enzyme had a similar effect on all cell types. Both protease and neuraminidase treatment strongly reduced the migration to the lymph nodes while the distribution to the spleen was more profoundly reduced by neuraminidase than by protease. In contrast, a similar and less pronounced effect of the enzymatic treatments on the circulation to the Peyers patches was found. The possible structure of the surface “receptors” involved is discussed in view of the known effects of these enzymes on the cell membranes.
BACTERIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Authors: Bratlid Dag , BÖvre Kjell
Published: August 2010

The bacteriolytic activity of 153 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with various diseases was measured by determining the ability of the CSF to cause lysis of a suspension of killed cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Normal CSF did not show significant bacteriolytic activity. A high activity was found in patients with bacterial meningitis (mainly meningococcal), only to some extent correlated with the protein and cell content of the CSF. Slight elevation of protein and cell content of CSF in patients with diseases other than bacterial meningitis was not accompanied by significant bacteriolytic activity. The CSF from a patient with lymfosarcoma, with as much as 2300 cells/mm3, thus was negative. Also the CSF from patients with serous (viral) meningitis was usually negative. Measurement of bacteriolytic activity in CSF may be of diagnostic importance in cases presenting slight elevation of cell number and protein. Further studies of the significance of the bacteriolytic response in meningitis caused by different microorganisms are warranted.
CIRCULATING T AND B LYMPHOCYTES AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONTAINING CELLS IN THE LIVER IN CHRONIC ACTIVE LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Aldershvile Jan , Dietrichson Odd , Hardt Finn , Nielsen Jens O.
Published: August 2010

The number of circulating T and B lymphocytes was estimated in 25 patients with biopsy‐verified chronic non alcoholic liver disease. Fifteen of these had circulating HBsAg and/or anti‐HBsAg and 10 were without these markers of HB virus infection. In both groups of patients a significant decrease of T cells and a parallel significant increase in null cells was found, but any difference with respect to T and null cells in patients in the two groups was not observed. Liver biopsies from five of the patients with and four without HB8Ag and/or anti‐HBsAg were studied for the presence of immunoglobulin bearing cells. In three out of five liver biopsies from the HBsAg and/or Ab positive patients and in two out of the four liver biopsies from the HBsAg and anti‐HBsAg negative patients, a heavy periportal infiltration with plasma cells was found. However, the number and classes of the immunoglobulin containing cells could not be correlated either to the histological evaluation of the stage of activity of the liver disease or to the markers for HB virus infection. The immunological findings in the two groups of patients with chronic liver disease seem to be of the same nature and are most likely a consequence of the liver disease and not the cause of it.
LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN CROHN'S DISEASE AND CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: SØrensen S. Freiesleben , HØj Lene
Published: August 2010

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood were studied by the sheep red blood cell rosette technique for the identification of T‐lymphocytes, and immunofluorescence staining with rabbit anti‐human immunoglobulin sera for the identification of B‐lymphocytes. In Crohn's disease, the total number of lymphocytes was found to be reduced and an almost equal reduction in all the lymphocyte subpopulations studied was found. In ulcerative colitis neither the number of T‐lymphocytes nor of B‐lymphocytes were found to differ significantly from normal values and the same was true of all B‐lymphocyte subpopulations. However, the number of lymphocytes carrying neither surface immunoglobulin nor sheep red blood cell receptors was found to be significantly increased. The results were correlated to clinical data.
IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: SchiØtz Peter Oluf , HØiby Niels , Juhl Frede , Permin Henrik , Nielsen Henrik , SVEHAG Sven‐Erik
Published: August 2010

Eleven patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa and ten patients without P. aeruginosa infection were examined for occurrence of circulating immune complexes, for immune complex deposits in the dermo‐epidermal junction of the skin and for precipitins against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, H. influenzae and D. pneumoniae antigens. The serum concentrations of haptoglobin, orosomucoid, immunoglobulins, C1q, C3, C4 and total haemolytic complement, antinuclear and rheumatoid factor activities as well as white blood cell counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were determined also. The results indicated that 6 patients from the chronically P. aeruginosa infected group, exhibiting a spectrum of serum precipitins against P. aeruginosa antigens, also had immune complexes in the serum, while only one patient (suffering from selective IgA deficiency) in the group without P. aeruginosa infection was positive for soluble immune complexes. Granular deposits of IgM was found in the skin of 10 of the chronically P. aeruginosa, infected patients and in 7 of the patients without P. aeruginosa infection. A few patients in both groups had dermo‐epidermal deposits of C1q, C3 or fibrinogen as well. Eight of the patients in the chronically infected group and five in the group without P. aeruginosa infection had organ non‐specific antinuclear factors. The haptoglobin levels appeared to be elevated in the chronically infected patients (p<0.05). None of the other parameters showed any significant difference between the two groups.
IN VITRO MODULATION OF HUMAN LEUCOCYTE MIGRATION AND MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF) ACTIVITY BY CYCLIC 3‘, 5’‐AMP AND CYCLIC 3‘, 5’‐GMP
Authors: Bendtzen K. , Palit J.
Published: August 2010

The effects of cyclic 3′, 5′‐AMP (cAMP) and cyclic 3′, 5′‐GMP (cGMP) on the in vitro migration of human peripheral blood leucocytes under agarose and on the activity of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) was studied. Leucocyte migration was not influenced by dibutyryl cAMP, while the dibutyryl derivative of cGMP significantly stimulated cell migration (1 times 10‐5M). LIF‐treated leucocytes partially escaped migration inhibition in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP (1 times 10‐6M), while dibutyryl cGMP was inefficient. If the parent compounds cAMP and cGMP were tested, almost similar results would be obtained, although at higher concentrations of the drugs. These results represent initial experiments with a view to investigating the possible rôle of cyclic nucleotides in the expression of LIF activity.
FREQUENCY OF IgA DEFICIENCY IN BLOOD DONORS AND Rh NEGATIVE WOMEN IN ICELAND
Authors: Gudmundsson Sigurdur , Jensson Ólafur
Published: August 2010

Sera from 6,842 individuals were tested for IgA deficiency, using double and radial immunodiffusion. Sera containing less than 1 mg/100 ml of IgA were classified as deficient. The frequency of selective IgA deficiency among 4,799 blood donors investigated was 1:533, but 1:340 among 1,017 Rh negative women screened and 1:485 for both groups combined. One of the nine IgA deficient blood donors detected belonged to a 1st covisin marriage family previously investigated, in which the mother also was deficient in IgA. One IgA deficient recipient was found among 704 hospital patients screened for this abnormality.
AN INDIRECT HAEMAGGLUTINATION TEST FOR DEMONSTRATION OF GONOCOCCAL ANTIBODIES USING GONOCOCCAL PILI AS ANTIGEN:
Authors: Reimann Karin , Lind Inga
Published: August 2010

An indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test for detection of gonococcal antibodies in human sera was established using purified pili as antigen. The majority of sera (44/51), positive in the gonococcal complement fixation test, were also positive in the IHA test with titres within the range 320–10,000. The results obtained for the following three groups of sera indicate a comparatively high specificity of the IHA test: 1) 52 sera from children below 12 years of age were all negative, 2) 98 per cent (184/188) of sera from blood donors were negative, 3) only sera from three adults out of 21 patients with meningococcal infections gave a positive reaction.
PURIFICATION FROM EUGLOBULIN OF THE FIRST COMPONENT (Cl) OF COMPLEMENT AND ITS SUBCOMPONENTS BY HEPARIN‐SEPHAROSE CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: von Zeipel G. , Hanson Hanna‐Stina , von Stedingk L.‐V.
Published: August 2010

Most of the CI material of euglobulin was adsorbed to heparin‐Sepharose at an ionic strength of 0.265. After desorbtion at an ionic strength of 0.415 the CI material was found to be purified six to seven‐fold. Highly purified subcomponents C1q, CIr and CIs were recovered at DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography from such purified CI material after EDTA‐treatment. Tests on isolated C1q, CIr and CIs disclosed in addition to the wellknown interaction between heparin and C1q an equally strong or even stronger interaction between heparin and CIs. Even CIr was adsorbed to heparin although by somewhat weaker ionic bonds.
ANTIBODIES AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN SERUM FROM NORMAL PERSONS AND PATIENTS COLONIZED WITH MUCOID OR NON‐MUCOID PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: RESULTS OBTAINED BY CROSSED IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: HØiby Niels
Published: August 2010

Serum from 154 normal persons was investigated for precipitating antibodies against P. aeruginosa by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using a polyvalent P. aeruginosa standard antigen. Ninety‐four per cent of the sera contained no demonstrable precipitins, and 6 per cent contained precipitins against only one P. aeruginosa antigen. Thirty‐four per cent of sera from 122 patients colonized with P. aeruginosa, in various anatomical regions contained precipitins against 2 to 41 P. aeruginosa antigens. Serum from 14 patients harbouring mucoid strains of P. aeruginsa contained precipitins against these bacteria, and the average number of precipitins was significantly higher than the average number of precipitins in serum from patients harbouring non‐mucoid strains. The largest number of precipitins was found in serum from adult patients chronically colonized with mucoid P. aeruginosa in the lower respiratory tract, and from adult patients with P. aeruginosa bacteraemia originating from suppurative urinary tract infections cavised by mucoid strains. Serum from patients with P. aeruginosa cystitis or from patients with P. aeruginosa colonization of the middle ear or with wound infection, contained only few or no precipitins.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTION IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS:
Authors: HØiby Niels
Published: August 2010

Sera from 119 patients with cystic fibrosis were examined for precipitating antibodies against anodic migrating P. aeruginosa antigens by means of crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. The presence of precipitins against cathodic migrating P. aeruginosa antigens was investigated by means of classical Immunoelectrophoresis. Thirty‐six per cent of the sera contained precipitins against both anodic and cathodic antigens, 20 per cent contained only precipitins against anodic antigens, none contained only precipitins against cathodic antigens, and 44 per cent had no demonstrable P. aeruginosa precipitins. The amount of extra information obtained by combining the results of classical immunoelectrophoresis with the results of crossed immunoelectrophoresis was small.
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF HEAT‐KILLED RADIOLABELLED MYCOBACTERIA IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: Viken K. E. , Unsgaard G. , Ødegaard A.
Published: August 2010

Human mononuclear phagocytes cultured in vitro for 8 days were exposed to 125I‐labelled, heat‐killed Mycobacterium triviale. The microorganisms were apparently engulfed, but no digestion occurred within a period of 16 days after the engulfment, measured as release of radioactivity to the medium and observed microscopically. Attempts were made to stimulate intracellular digestion of the bacteria. Pre‐incubation with BCG‐stimulated lymphocytes or with supernatants from BCG‐stimulated lymphocyte cultures did not increase the digestive ability of the cells. However, pre‐incubation with BCG‐stimulated lymphocytes or with supernatants caused detachment of the cells during the following digestion period, probably due to a cytotoxic effect of autologous, transformed lymphocytes on macrophages. When the macrophages were cultured in the presence of autologous lymphocytes and BCG, a similar effect was found.
INTERACTIONS OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND PLATELETS IN RABBITS IMMUNIZED WITH HAPTEN‐CARRIER CONJUGATES
Authors: Kekomäki Riitta , Kauppinen Hanna‐Leena , Penttinen Kari , Myllylä Gunnar
Published: August 2010

The thrombopenic effects of immune complexes were studied in 32 rabbits, immunized actively with aspirin. The test animals were exposed to hapten‐protein conjugates with a hapten density ranging from 0.6 to 38, and to pure hapten. The resulting thrombopenia and leucopenia correlated closely with the presence of immune complexes in the serum as detected by the platelet aggregation sedimentation pattern test (P1.A.). This platelet‐aggregation activity sedimented mainly in the 19S fraction. The effects induced by polyvalent antigens where dose‐dependent and could be modified by a prior injection of aspirin. Expectedly, monovalent antigens were only marginally effective.
ANTIBODY‐DEPENDENT CELL‐MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY BY ACTIVATED THYMOCYTE POPULATIONS
Authors: Rubin Bent , Høoier‐Madsen M.
Published: August 2010

The results of the present experiments have shown that activated thymocyte populations are endowed with a cytotoxic potential against antibody‐coated target cells. The effector cells could be divided into at least two subpopulations: 1) host‐derived macrophage‐like cells and 2) thymocyte‐derived donor cell T lymphocytes. These two subpopulations could be separated and identified by means of commonly used immunofractionation techniques. Such data show that effector cells which kill antibody‐coated target cells may be of T cell nature.
MULTIPLE FC RECEPTORS IN THE HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: Matre Roald , Johnson Peter M.
Published: August 2010

The presence of Fc receptors on endothelium and trophoblastic tissue in cryostat sections of full‐term human placentae has been verified. Fc receptor activity on stem vessel endothelium can be manifest both by immunofluorescence with heat‐aggregated IgG and by haemadsorption with antibody‐sensitized erythrocytes. However, Fc receptor activity on trophoblastic tissue is manifest only in the haemadsorpion reaction, and not in the immunofluorescence reaction. The haemadsorption and immunofluorescence were both independent of temperature, and were completely abolished by formaldehyde fixation of the tissue sections. Both reactions were expressed on first‐trimester placental tissue, although more limited and diffuse. In terms of their anatomical location and specificity characteristics the Fc receptors in human placentae may have a biological significance.
BINDING OF AGGREGATED IgG TO NEPHRITOGENIC TYPE 12 STREPTOCOCCI: INFLUENCE OF SERUM, C1 AND C4
Authors: Christensen Poui. , Sjöholm Anders G. , Holm Stig E.
Published: August 2010

The uptake of aggregated IgG by type 12, M protein positive (M + ve) streptococci was high in the presence of fresh serum, while the uptake by type 12, M – ve, type 1 and type 2, M + ve or M ‐ ve streptococci was inhibited. Serum heated to 56°C for 30 min inhibited the uptake of aggregated IgG by all strains tested. Purified Clq or macromolecular C1 added to heat‐treated serum restituted the uptake of aggregated IgG. It was shown that C1 and C4 in fresh serum influenced the uptake of aggregated IgG by streptococci, resulting in the distinct reaction patterns observed.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF GUINEA PIG T LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Soppi Esa , Ruuskanen Olli , Kouvalainen Kauko
Published: August 2010

The majority of the guinea pig thymocytes have an intensive alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, whereas less than one per cent of the peripheral lymphocytes are AP positive. The number of peripheral AP positive lymphocytes decreased after thymectomy and after antithymocyte serum treatment, and some of them formed E‐roselles with rabbit red blood cells. The observations support the idea that some of these AP positive peripheral lymphocytes are T cells. It seems evident that the AP positive cortical (immature) thymocytes contain two separate cell lines; during the maturation one differentiates into AP negative and the other remains AP positive. This differentiation seems to occur within the thymus.
B‐ AND T‐CELLS AND Ig‐CONTAINING BLAST CELLS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN
Authors: Østergaard Poul Aabel , Eriksen Jan
Published: August 2010

Studies on rosette‐forming cells and IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE‐bearing lymphocytes were carried out in 70 healthy children aged 5 to 15 years. Furthermore, in 20 of these children, the percentages of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE‐containing blast cells after pokeweed mitogen stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes were evaluated. No differences in the percentages of rosette‐forming cells, or in Ig‐bearing and Ig‐containing cells were found when three different age‐groups were compared.
SURFACE MARKERS IN NON‐PHAGOCYTIC HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
Authors: Matre R. , Talstad I. , Haugen Å.
Published: August 2010

By phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy hairy cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen of a patient with hairy cell leukemia. Immunofluorescent tests revealed IgD on the surface of 92 per cent, IgG on 76 per cent, IgM on 12 per cent and albumin on 95 per cent of the cells from the spleen. After overnight culture, IgG and albumin were detected on 4 and 6 per cent of the cells respectively, while the number of IgD and IgM positive cells persisted. Fifty‐two per cent of the hairy cells formed rosettes with erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies (EA), whereas 70 per cent formed rosettes after trypsin and protease treatment. The hairy cells did not form rosettes with erythrocytes sensitized with IgM antibodies and complement (EAC), or with sheep and mouse erythrocytes. Cryostat sections of spleen strongly adsorbed EA, whereas no adsorption occurred with EAC or sheep erythrocytes. The hairy cells did not phagocytize latex particles or ingest a strain of yellow staphylococci. The results suggest that hairy cells from this patient probably were of B‐lymphocyte origin.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATING GEL‐PRECIPITATING HUMAN ANTIIMMUNOGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES
Authors: Schalén Claes , Christensen Poul
Published: August 2010

The use of aggregated human IgG for the detection of anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies by double immunodiffusion in gel is described. Of rheumatoid arthritis sera, 54 of 56 sera having a Waaler‐Rose test titre of ≥ 1:16 contained antibodies to aggregated IgG, in contrast to only 2 of 52 sera from blood donors. Furthermore, after 2‐mercapto‐ethanol treatment anti‐IgG was still demonstrated in 5 of 16 sera.
THE IMPORTANCE OF C5 AND THE ROLE OF THE ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY IN LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS INDUCED IN VIVO AND IN VITRO BY BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: SVEEN KJELL
Published: August 2010

Chambers implanted subcutaneously in C5 normal (C5 N) and C5 deficient (C5 D) mice were used to examine the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the wound chamber fluid in response to injected Bactemides fragilis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The difference in PMN migration was highly significant between the two mouse strains, the C5 D mice showing no initial, but a low, delayed migration. The results from the study indicated that chemotaxis plays a major role in the accumulation of PMNs in the acute inflammatory response. Intraperitoneal endotoxin stimulation also showed a significantly lower total number of leukocytes in the exudate from C5 D mice as well as a delayed migration of cells compared to C5 N mice. No leukotactic mediators were elaborated in C5 D serum or exudate upon incubation with LPS when tested in a modified Boyden chamber. However, endotoxin‐induced wound chamber fluid in C5 D mice showed an increasing leukotactic activity at the same time as the acute inflammatory response subsided in C5 N mice. Incubation of B. fragilis LPS in C4 deficient (C4 D) guinea pig serum indicated that the LPS was able to activate complement components to generate split products chemotactic for rabbit PMNs via the alternative complement pathway.
IS THE DIABETOGENIC EFFECT OF STREPTOZOTOCIN IN PART THYMUS‐DEPENDENT?
Authors: Buschard Karsten , Rygaard JøRgen
Published: August 2010

Following a single injection of 200 mg streptozotocin/kg BW, 25 out of 25 normal mice became diabetic, whereas 12 (= 20%) out of 59 athymic nude mice didnotdevelop diabetes.

In a multiple dosage experiment, where the same total dose was given over a 5 days period, 14 normal and 15 athymic nude mice all became diabetic, but nude mice had significantly lower blood glucose values. These results support our previous suggestion that a thymus dependent immune reaction is, in part, responsible for the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin.
IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN THE SPUTUM OF PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA LUNG INFECTION
Authors: Schiøtz P. O. , Nietsen H. , Høiby N. , Glikmann Grace , Svehag S.‐E.
Published: August 2010

12 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa and presenting multiple precipitins in serum against this bacterium and 12 patients without P. aeruginosa infection were examined for occurrence of soluble immune complexes in their sputum sol phase by a complement consumption assay and a solid phase rheumatoid factor binding assay. The correlation between the results obtained in the two assays was significant (r = 0.625, p<0.01). The patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa showed a significantly (p<0.01) higher frequency of immune complex activity in their sputum sol phase, as compared to the patients without P. aeruginosa lung infection. These findings point to the possibility that chronic lung infection with mucoid P. aeruginosa in CF may be an immune complex disease.
SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOKINE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Arvilommi H. , RäSäNen Liisa , Laatikainen Aino , KarhumäKi Eliisa
Published: August 2010

When human blood lymphocytes are cultured in vitro without any intended stimulus, they produce activities in the supernatant resembling lymphokine. This phenomenon was further investigated in the present study, where it has been demonstrated by physicochemical characterization and inhibition experiments that leukocyte migration inhibitory activity in the supernatants is due to leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF). When T and B lymphocytes were purified by carbonyl iron and SRBC‐rosette sedimentation, only B cells produced LIF and leukocyte chemotactic lymphokine(s) in subsequent cultures. B cells elaborated lymphokines without the help of T cells, the need for co‐operation of monocytes was also unlikely. T cells were inactive even when reconstituted with monocytes and platelets.
LEUKOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY IN CULTURES OF UNSTIMULATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Arvilommi H. , Laatikainen Aino , RäSäNen Liisa
Published: August 2010

We have shown earlier that unstimulated human lymphocytes in in vitro cultures produce migration inhibitory factor into the supernatant. The evidence of spontaneous lymphokine synthesis is strengthened further by this study, which demonstrates leukocyte chemotactic activity in these culture supernatants. The factor has a molecular weight of more than 5000 daltons, it resisted heating for 15 min at 100°C., and showed maximum activity at dilution 1:4–1:8 of the supernatants.
IMMUNOPROLIFERATIVE ALTERATIONS IN LYMPHOID TISSUES AND LIVER IN MICE STIMULATED WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM PARVUM
Authors: Ellegaard JøRgen , Starklint Henrik , Kragballe Knud , Dimitrov Nikolay V.
Published: August 2010

Morphological alterations in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow and blood were studied in DBA and Balb/C mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. The spleen lymph nodes and liver increased in size and weight, whereas thymus showed decrease in weight compared to the control group. A marked, early proliferation of monocytes in the bone marrow preceded infiltrations by macrophages in lymph nodes, spleen and liver. These infiltrations were closely related lo the vascular structures, became nodular and decreased around day 12 after the injection. A rapid increase in the number of monocytes and transformed lymphocytes of the peripheral blood were noted almost immediately after the administration of the vaccine. No relationship between the degree and duration of the histological changes, strain of mice, and number of inoculations was found. It is suggested that the increase in size and weight of the lymphoid organs and the liver is primarily caused by invasion of macrophages, perhaps secondary to a preceding proliferation of monocytes in the bone marrow.
ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MITOGENIC LECTIN FROM LATHYRUS ODORATUS SEEDS
Authors: Kolberg Jan
Published: August 2010

A mitogenic lectin has been isolated from saline extract of Lathyrus odoratus seeds by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and subsequent chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose and CM‐Sepharose. The isolated lectin was almost homogeneous by SDS gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, but multiple bands were obtained on isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight, determined by gel filtration, was 37.000. Gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS gave a molecular weight of 19,000, thus suggesting that the lectin is a dimer. It agglutinated human erythrocytes of the different ABO groups equally well. Human lymphocytes were exposed to the lectin or PHA. and the incorporation of thymidine was measured. Compared with PHA, which stimulated maximally in the concentration range of 0.25–1 μg/ml, the L. odoratus lectin had optimal activity at concentrations of 35 μg/ml and higher.
IN VITRO LOCOMOTION OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTES:
Authors: Schreiner Aksel
Published: August 2010

The distribution of leukocytes in Boyden millipore filters after stimulation with casein was determined after 30 and 180 min by the use of a photographic method. After 30 min the distribution was characterized by a second degree curve with a falling slope and after 180 min by a linear curve with a rising slope. The results showed that with most of the modifications of the Boyden method in use at present, the choice of incubation time is crucial for the evaluation of counting results.
Feσ RECEPTORS IN HUMAN CHOROID PLEXUS
Authors: Nyland Harald , Matre Roald
Published: August 2010

Cryostat sections of human choroid plexus adsorbed erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies of human and rabbit origin. No adsorption occurred when the erythrocytes were sensitized with F(ab')2or Facb fragments. The reaction was strongly inhibited by intact IgG and by Fc fragments and not inhibited by Facb and F(ab')2 or albumin. These properties are similar to those of corresponding receptors in human placenta. The presence of an Fey receptor in choroid plexus may be of significance for the transfer of IgG from blood to cerebrospinal fluid.