bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on reversible image steganography of encrypted image based on image interpolation and difference histogram shift
Authors: Ye Hanmin , Su Keqin , Cheng Xiaohui , Huang Shiming
Published: March 2022

In view of the mutual restriction between the image encryption and information hiding process in the ciphertext domain reversible algorithm, the existing ciphertext domain image reversible image steganography algorithm can hardly take into account the performance of security and hiding capacity. This paper proposes a reversible image steganography algorithm for encrypted images based on a new interpolation image and difference histogram shift. The pixel position of the carrier image is changed through the double scrambling operation of random image block recombination and Arnold transform. The chaotic sequence generated by logistic mapping is used as the diffusion sequence of the encryption algorithm, and DNA encoding and calculation are performed respectively to obtain the final encrypted image. According to the newly proposed interpolation algorithm, the encrypted image is enlarged, determine the pixel value of the target interpolated image according to the pixel value of the encrypted image, calculate the difference between the three adjacent pixel values of the target interpolated image, and use the difference histogram translation algorithm to convert the secret Information is embedded in an interpolated image, and only one bit of the pixel value can be modified in a single embedding process, and the embedding method is simple and effective. Experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring information security and image quality, the embedding capacity has also been greatly improved, reaching 1,572,864 bits. When the embedding rate is 0.67 bpp, the PSNR can also reach 58 dB and the image quality is maintained better.
A COVID‐19 CXR image recognition method based on MSA‐DDCovidNet
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Wendi , Wang Xin , Zhang Peng , Zhang Nian
Published: March 2022

Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has not been contained. It is a safe and effective way to detect infected persons in chest X‐ray (CXR) images based on deep learning methods. To solve the above problem, the dual‐path multi‐scale fusion (DMFF) module and dense dilated depth‐wise separable (D3S) module are used to extract shallow and deep features, respectively. Based on these two modules and multi‐scale spatial attention (MSA) mechanism, a lightweight convolutional neural network model, MSA‐DDCovidNet, is designed. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the MSA‐DDCovidNet model on COVID‐19 CXR images is as high as 97.962%, In addition, the proposed MSA‐DDCovidNet has less computation complexity and fewer parameter numbers. Compared with other methods, MSA‐DDCovidNet can help diagnose COVID‐19 more quickly and accurately.
Blind denoising using dense hybrid convolutional network
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Runchuan , Zhao Shanshan
Published: March 2022

The performance of existing deep convolutional networks is limited when encountering images with different noise levels. In this study, a denoising method with state‐of‐the‐art performance that combines a deep convolutional network with the traditional nonlocal mean denoising method is proposed. The noisy image is first denoised using the nonlocal mean method. Then, the denoised image is input into the proposed dense hybrid convolutional network to be trained, producing a clean image with clear details. The dense hybrid convolutional network comprises three parts: a feature‐extracting noise‐suppressing module that extracts abstract features from denoised images and suppresses the residual noise by interval convolution; a feature‐learning module used for training blurred edges and textures; and a magnifying module that uses deconvolution to restore the feature maps to the original size and reduce the noise again. In contrast to existing denoising algorithms, the method has two desirable properties: 1) it can restore edges and textures clearly while removing the noise; 2) it effectively deals with noise of unknown levels (i.e. blind denoising) with a single network model. The conducted experiments show that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared to those of state‐of‐the‐art denoising methods.
The population of hot subdwarf stars studied with Gaia
Authors: Culpan R. , Geier S. , Reindl N. , Pelisoli I. , Gentile Fusillo N. , Vorontseva A.
Published: March 2022

In light of substantial new discoveries of hot subdwarfs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys and the availability of the Gaia mission Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), we compiled new releases of two catalogues of hot subluminous stars: The data release 3 (DR3) catalogue of the known hot subdwarf stars contains 6616 unique sources and provides multi-band photometry, and astrometry from Gaia EDR3 as well as classifications based on spectroscopy and colours. This is an increase of 742 objects over the DR2 catalogue. This new catalogue provides atmospheric parameters for 3087 stars and radial velocities for 2791 stars from the literature. In addition, we have updated the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalogue of hot subluminous stars using the improved accuracy of the Gaia EDR3 data set together with updated quality and selection criteria to produce the Gaia EDR3 catalogue of 61 585 hot subluminous stars, representing an increase of 21 785 objects. The improvements in Gaia EDR3 astrometry and photometry compared to Gaia DR2 have enabled us to define more sophisticated selection functions. In particular, we improved hot subluminous star detection in the crowded regions of the Galactic plane as well as in the direction of the Magellanic Clouds by including sources with close apparent neighbours but with flux levels that dominate the neighbourhood.
Inequalities on ComplexLpCentroid Bodies
Authors: CHENG Manli , ZHOU Yanping
Published: March 2022

Based on the notion of the complexLpcentroid body, we establish Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities and monotonicity inequalities for complexLpcentroid bodies in this article. Moreover, we obtain the affirmative form of Shephard type problem for the complexLpcentroid bodies and its negative form.
Prurigo pigmentosa
Authors: Scheiba Nina , Hartschuh Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

Die Prurigo pigmentosa ist eine schubweise an Brust, Rücken oder Nacken auftretende Dermatose mit juckenden, erythematösen, meist retikulär angeordneten Papeln unklarer Ätiologie. Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer. Topische Therapien sind meist wenig zielführend. Orale Systemtherapien sowie im Einzelfall auch diätische Maßnahmen können eine anhaltende Besserung bringen. Wir beschreiben hier den Fall einer 25-jährigen europäischen Patientin, welche erfolgreich mit Minocyclin per os behandelt wurde.
Nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: March 2022

Physiotherapeut Philipp Heine diskutierte in seiner Bachelorarbeit archetypische Rollenbilder, die Patient*innen von der Physiotherapie haben können. Hier ging er der Frage nach, ob wir in der Allgemeinbevölkerung eher als Heiler oder als Coach betrachtet werden.
Bewerbertsunami – Moderne Personalakquise
Authors: Liers Jessica , Bargfrede Jan
Published: March 2022

Sie suchen Verstärkung für Ihr Team? Dann sollten Sie Ihre Suche an die Erwartungen der potenziellen Bewerbenden anpassen und sie dort abholen, wo sie sich befinden. Mit der richtigen Wahl der Kommunikationswege und der passenden Ansprache kann leicht ein Bewerbertsunami Ihre Praxis fluten – und Sie haben die Wahl, die am besten geeigneten Kandidat*innen für Ihr Team herauszusuchen.
Fall mit Folgen – Physiotherapie bei SIG-Beschwerden
Authors: Reddig Rassmus
Published: March 2022

Ein Sommertag vor zwei Jahren, ein Fußballspiel mit den Kindern – und dann passiert es: Familienvater Alexander Schneider rutscht aus und fällt ungebremst auf das Gesäß. Zunächst hat er nur geringe Beschwerden durch den Aufprall, Tage später jedoch verschlimmern sich seine Symptome. Alexanders Hauptproblem heute: Er kann nicht länger als eine Stunde schmerzfrei stehen.
Behandeln mit Köpfchen – Physiotherapie bei Radiusköpfchenfraktur
Authors: Tiemann Michael
Published: March 2022

Stürzt man mit ausgestrecktem Ellenbogen und proniertem Unterarm auf die Hand, kann es zu einer Fraktur des Radiusköpfchens und in Folge zu langanhaltenden Bewegungseinschränkungen kommen. Helfen können Mobilisation und Hands-on-Techniken, orientiert an den Wundheilungsphasen. Auch die Patient*innen selbst dürfen Hand anlegen.
Identifizierung von Qualitätsproblemen durch
Qualitätsindikatoren der externen Qualitätssicherung –
Mixed-Methods-Analyse zum Stellungnahmeverfahren des Strukturierten
Dialogs
Authors: Schulz Sören , de Cruppé Werner , Macher-Heidrich Susanne , Geraedts Max
Published: March 2022

Zielsetzung Die externe stationäre Qualitätssicherung
(eQS) stuft im Prüfverfahren des Strukturierten Dialogs (SD) nur etwa
14% der rechnerisch auffälligen Qualitätsindikator
(QI)-Ergebnisse als Qualitätsdefizit ein. Dies stellt die
Validität der verwendeten QI in Frage. Die Studie untersucht daher die
Gründe für rechnerisch auffällige QI-Ergebnisse.

Methodik Kombination von quantitativen eQS Daten mit den Ergebnissen einer
inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung von Krankenhausstellungnahmen des SD aus
Nordrhein.

Ergebnisse Die Inhaltsanalyse ergab 79 Kategorien mit 7
Hauptgründen für auffällige QI (Patientenfaktoren,
Datengrundlage, verfehlte Maßnahmen/Ergebnisse,
Struktur/Organisationsprobleme, Messprobleme, Indikationsstellung,
Sonstige).
Die Hälfte aller qualitativen Auffälligkeiten war bundesweit 2012
durch 15 der 218 QI bedingt.

Schlussfolgerung Die meisten eQS-QI erkennen nur sehr wenige oder keine
Qualitätsprobleme. Die eQS sollte auf solche QI fokussieren, die
tatsächlich Qualitätsprobleme detektieren.
Die Praxis läuft – was nun? – Praxiserweiterung
Authors: Hiebl Sara , Atzmüller Michael
Published: March 2022

Viele Praxisinhaberinnen und -inhaber sind nach Praxisgründung irgendwann mit der Entscheidung konfrontiert, ob sie expandieren und Personal einstellen möchten oder nicht. Der Markt dazu ist da, denn die Wartezeiten für Therapieplätze explodieren. Mit einer Erweiterung ergeben sich jedoch Herausforderungen, und es kommt zu einer Veränderung im eigenen Rollenprofil.
Maternal Blood Angiogenic Factors and the Prediction of Critical Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Among Small-for-Gestational-Age Pregnancies
Authors: Swissa Shani S. , Walfisch Asnat , Yaniv-Salem Shimrit , Pariente Gali , Hershkovitz Reli , Szaingurten-Solodkin Irit , Shashar Sagi , Beharier Ofer
Published: March 2022

Objective Our objective was to determine whether maternal blood angiogenic factors in suspected-small-for-gestational-age (sSGA) fetuses can predict critical adverse perinatal outcomes (CAPO) and improve risk assessment.

Methods Women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with sSGA, between 24 and 356/7 weeks' gestation, were included. Clinical and sonographic comprehensive evaluations were performed at enrolment. Plasma angiogenic factors, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), were obtained at diagnosis. In parallel, three attending maternal-fetal-medicine specialists predicted the risk (1–5 scale) of these pregnancies to develop CAPO, based on the clinical presentation. CAPOs were defined as prolonged neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization, fetal or neonatal death, and major neonatal morbidity. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Results Of the 79 cases included, 32 were complicated by CAPO (40.5%). In SGA fetuses with CAPO, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was higher (p < 0.001) and PlGF was lower (p < 0.001) as compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. The areas under the ROC curves for specialists were 0.913, 0.824, and 0.811 and for PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio 0.926 and 0.900, respectively. CAPO was more common in pregnancies with absent end-diastolic flow or reversed end-diastolic flow (AEDF or REDF) in the umbilical artery upon enrolment (91.6%). Yet, 65.6% of cases involving CAPO occurred in patients without AEDF or REDF, and 66.6% of these cases were not identified by one or more of the experts. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio identified 92.9% of the experts' errors in this group and 100% of the errors in cases with AEDF or REDF.

Conclusion Among sSGA pregnancies prior to 36 weeks' gestation, angiogenic factors testing can identify most cases later complicated with CAPO. Our data demonstrate for the first time that these markers can reduce clinician judgment errors. Incorporation of these measures into decision-making algorithms could potentially improve management, outcomes, and even health care costs.

Key Points
Acetalization of Enol Ethers with Alcohols under Visible Light Irradiation Using BINOLs as Photoacid Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Xun , Liao Saihu , Liu Haonan , Chen Yueyong , An Deng
Published: March 2022

Appropriately substituted 1,1′-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs) are demonstrated as effective photoacid catalysts for promoting the acetalization of enol ethers with alcohols under irradiation with visible light. The reactions proceed efficiently with a wide range of substrates under mild, near neutral conditions.
Resorbable Nerve Wraps: Can They Be Overtightened?
Authors: Nicolas Celine F. , Corvi John J. , Zheng YuanDian , Park Katherine H. , Akelina Yelena , Engemann Anne , Strauch Robert J.
Published: March 2022

Background Nerve wrapping has been advocated to minimize scarring and adhesion following neurorrhaphy or neurolysis. A wrap should provide an enclosure that is snug enough to protect and support the affected nerve without strangulating the nerve. The degree to which resorbable wraps should be “tightened” around the nerve is largely subjective with scant literature on the subject. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tightly fitting resorbable nerve wraps around intact rat sciatic nerves.

Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats underwent exposure and circumferential measurement of the right sciatic nerve. Porcine-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) wraps were trimmed and sutured to enclose the nerve with a tight (same as that of the nerve, n = 8) or loose (2.5x that of the nerve, n = 8) circumference. Sham-surgery control animals (n = 8) had no wrap treatment. Functional outcome was recorded biweekly by sciatic functional index (SFI) with walking track analysis and electrical stimulation. Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks for histologic analyses.

Results No withdrawal response could be evoked in the tight-wrap group until week 9, while significant improvement in SFI first occurred between weeks 5 and 7. By week 12, the tight-wrap group required 60% more current compared with baseline stimulation to produce a withdrawal response. They recovered 81% of SFI baseline values but also demonstrated significantly greater intraneural collagen content (p < 0.001) and lower axon density (p < 0.05) than in the loose-wrap and sham groups. The loose-wrap group had comparable functional and histologic outcomes to the sham control group.

Conclusion Resorbable ECM nerve wraps applied tightly around intact rat sciatic nerves caused significant functional impairment and histological changes characteristic of acute nerve compression. Significant but incomplete functional recovery was achieved by the tight-wrap group after 12 weeks, but such recovery may not apply in humans.
Appreciating the role of cell shape changes in the mechanobiology of epithelial tissues
Authors: Luciano Marine , Versaevel Marie , Vercruysse Eléonore , Procès Anthony , Kalukula Yohalie , Remson Alexandre , Deridoux Amandine , Gabriele Sylvain
Published: March 2022

The wide range of epithelial cell shapes reveals the complexity and diversity of the intracellular mechanisms that serve to construct their morphology and regulate their functions. Using mechanosensitive steps, epithelial cells can sense a variety of different mechanochemical stimuli and adapt their behavior by reshaping their morphology. These changes of cell shape rely on a structural reorganization in space and time that generates modifications of the tensional state and activates biochemical cascades. Recent studies have started to unveil how the cell shape maintenance is involved in mechanical homeostatic tasks to sustain epithelial tissue folding, identity, and self-renewal. Here, we review relevant works that integrated mechanobiology to elucidate some of the core principles of how cell shape may be conveyed into spatial information to guide collective processes such as epithelial morphogenesis. Among many other parameters, we show that the regulation of the cell shape can be understood as the result of the interplay between two counteracting mechanisms: actomyosin contractility and intercellular adhesions, and that both do not act independently but are functionally integrated to operate on molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. We highlight the role of cadherin-based adhesions in force-sensing and mechanotransduction, and we report recent developments that exploit physics of liquid crystals to connect cell shape changes to orientational order in cell aggregates. Finally, we emphasize that the further intermingling of different disciplines to develop new mechanobiology assays will lead the way toward a unified picture of the contribution of cell shape to the pathophysiological behavior of epithelial tissues.
Optimal shielding structure design for a typical 14 MeV neutron source
Authors: Xu Hu , Sun Weiqiang , Yan Yihong , Hu Guang , Hu Huasi
Published: March 2022

Optimal shielding structure design plays a guiding role in the implementation of radiation protection engineering. The achievement of the optimal arrangement and thickness ratio for the layers of materials is the key to attaining a light-weight and small-volume shield but with the best shielding effect. In this research, the optimization design method is established by the genetic algorithm combined with the Monte Carlo N-particle code, and a four-layer neutron shield composed of iron (Fe), boron carbon (B4C), lead (Pb), and polyethylene (PE) is designed. When setting the total thickness of the shield to 20 cm, different arrangements and thickness combinations of these four layers are calculated. It is shown that the arrangement Fe-PE–B4C–Pb is the most radiological optimizing arrangement, and the optimal thickness combination is also obtained. Besides, it seems that the thicker the shield, the higher the requirement for the thickness ratio of Fe and Pb. In order to prove this, an optimal 80 cm thick shield is then designed, and the optimal thickness ratio is also obtained. It is found that the thickness ratio of Fe and Pb should also be increased in order to achieve the best shielding effect.
Experimental and theoretical study of hole scattering in RF sputtered p-type Cu2O thin films
Authors: Jo Jaesung , Deng Zihao , Sanders Nocona , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Peterson Rebecca L.
Published: March 2022

One of the key materials of interest for p-type oxide semiconductor thin film electronics is cuprous oxide (Cu2O), due to its relatively high hole mobility. In this work, we use experiments, analytical models, and density functional theory calculations to study the scattering mechanisms that determine Hall mobility in two Cu2O samples. First, we examine a polycrystalline Cu2O thin film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering, and second, a single-crystalline Cu2O bulk substrate. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements indicate that neutral impurity and grain boundary scattering are dominant for the polycrystalline Cu2O thin film, while phonon scattering is dominant for single-crystalline Cu2O. Our first-principles calculations show that the room-temperature intrinsic hole mobility of Cu2O is 106 cm2 V−1 s−1, indicating the great promise of the material for p-type electronic devices. This intrinsic mobility is limited by phonon scattering, with the most dominant scattering modes having phonon energies of 88.4 and 17.1 meV. These results indicate that the key pathways to increase the hole mobility in Cu2O thin films are by reducing the impurity concentration and by increasing grain size. Our work thus sets the stage for the future development of high performance Cu2O-based p-type thin film transistors.
A comparative study of dielectric barrier discharge plasma device and plasma jet to generate plasma activated water and post-discharge trapping of reactive species
Authors: Rathore Vikas , Nema Sudhir Kumar
Published: March 2022

This work shows a comparative study of a change in properties of plasma-activated water (PAW) when prepared by using two different dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configurations named a pencil plasma jet (PPJ) and a plasma device (PD). The air plasma produced from the DBD-PPJ and DBD-PD is characterized by voltage-current characteristics, and plasma species/radicals are identified using optical emission spectroscopy. Moreover, the present work emphasizes the trapping of reactive species (O3, NOx, etc.) carried by post-discharge residual gases during PAW production. The trapping of these gases' reactive species is carried out in water, which provides a useful by-product named plasma processed water (PPW). The results revealed a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species (dissolved O3 and H2O2) and a lower concentration of reactive nitrogen species (NO3− and NO2− ions) in PAW prepared by the DBD-PPJ configuration compared to the DBD-PD configuration. The trapping of reactive species (O3 and NOx) present in post-discharge residual gases is confirmed by determining the change in physicochemical properties and reactive oxygen–nitrogen species (RONS) concentration in virgin water used as a trapping medium. The high concentration of RONS in PPW showed a high concentration of reactive species in post-discharge residual gases and vice versa. Therefore, the reduction in reactive species downstream of post-discharge residual gases is shown by a substantial decrease in the concentration of RONS and physicochemical properties of PPW. Thus, PAW and PPW (by-product) prepared in this work could be used for multiple applications such as microbial inactivation, food preservation, and agriculture.
Experimental study of laminar-to-turbulent transition in pipe flow
Authors: Hattori Hayata , Wada Ayane , Yamamoto Mizuki , Yokoo Hikaru , Yasunaga Kosuke , Kanda Takeshi , Hattori Koosuke
Published: March 2022

This paper describes an experimental study of the unforced laminar-to-turbulent transition in pipe flow. Two pipes with different length-to-diameter ratios are investigated, and the transition phenomenon is studied using pressure measurements and visual observations. The entropy change and force balance are examined, and the peak powers are measured through fast Fourier transform analysis at various Reynolds numbers. Visual observations show that the flow structure changes at the Reynolds numbers corresponding to the peak powers. There is no clear dependency of the transition on the ratio of pipe length to diameter. The flow conditions are classified as laminar flow, transitions I, II, and III, and turbulent flow, separated by Reynolds numbers of approximately 1200, 2300, 7000, and 12 000, respectively. The transition at a Reynolds number of 1200 is caused by the force balance between the laminar and turbulent flows. The other transitions are related to the flow condition in the development region upstream of the pipe flow region. That is, the laminar-to-turbulent transition in the development region affects the transition condition in the downstream pipe flow. The laminar and turbulent development length ratios derived from the entropy changes are in reasonable agreement with the formulas for both laminar and turbulent flows. At large Reynolds numbers, the laminar flow condition will be established through the creation of a laminar-flow velocity profile at the entrance to the pipe.
Flow dynamics in lateral vegetation cavities constructed by an array of emergent vegetation patches along the open-channel bank
Authors: Liu Mengyang , Yang Zhonghua , Ji Bin , Huai Wenxin , Tang Hongwu
Published: March 2022

The hydrodynamics in a straight rectangular open channel containing novel lateral cavities constructed by an array of square emergent vegetation patches discontinuously distributed along the bank were explored numerically using three-dimensional large eddy simulations (LES). Five vegetation densities (Φ), ranging from 0.02 to 0.25, as well as the traditional lateral cavities created by impermeable solid media, were tested. The effects of the cavity aspect ratio (AR) were also examined. The LES results showed that the mean recirculation pattern inside the vegetation cavities and coherent structures in the horizontal shear layer were closely dependent on Φ and AR. When Φ ≥ 0.06, a main recirculation vortex that formed inside the vegetation cavities resembled that within solid media cavities, whereas the extent of the former increased upstream as Φ increased. Compared with the solid cases, the vegetation cavities exhibited a higher turbulent intensity within the shear layer and wider regions of enhanced turbulent kinetic energy, which decreased with increasing Φ. The penetration depth of the elevated turbulent kinetic energy into the cavities also decreased with increasing Φ, whereas a deeper penetration was expected at larger AR values. The interfacial turbulence was dominated by “cavities field”-scale coherent vortices at Φ ≤ 0.06, whereas “cavity element”-scale at Φ ≥ 0.15. When Φ = 0.1, the shear vortices of both scales contributed to the enhancement of the interfacial turbulence. The mean mass exchange showed a non-monotonic relationship with Φ and reached maximum values at Φ = 1. The total momentum transport efficiency decreased monotonically with increasing Φ. Despite the AR and Φ values, the turbulent motions dominated the momentum transport over most of the cavity length.
A consistent mass–momentum flux computation method for the simulation of plunging jet
Authors: Liu Cheng , Gao Ruoqing , Hu Changhong
Published: March 2022

In the present study, a robust and conservative numerical scheme is proposed to simulate the violent two-phase flows with high-density ratios. In this method, the mass conservation equation and the momentum equation are solved in a consistent manner. The tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing scheme is extended for the computation of the mass flux by which the sharpness and conservation property of density field is preserved. Compared with other recently proposed methods, no geometrical computation is involved in deriving the mass flux and the spurious velocity in the interfacial region can be completely avoided. To improve the computational efficiency, the present method is implemented on a parallel block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method with a staggered layout of variables. High-fidelity numerical simulation of plunging jet through the liquid surface is performed. A bubble detection algorithm is developed to track bubbles generated in air entrainment process. The evolution of the bubble cloud, air concentration, bubble-size, and bubble-velocity distributions are predicted and compared quantitatively with the experiment. Numerical results show the air entrainment and penetration depth are highly correlated with the upstream disturbance. The growing interfacial roughness of the jet yields more entrained air in the final stage of jet impingement. It is found that when the initial perturbation is introduced, the overall size of the equivalent bubble radius will expand, and the penetration depth of the bubble cloud will decrease, while a larger volume of air is entrained.
SH type guided wave transducer based on Ca2Al2SiO7 piezoelectric crystal for high-temperature structure health monitoring
Authors: Jiang Chao , Long Yong , Yu Fapeng , Cheng Xiufeng , Zhao Xian
Published: March 2022

The development of high-temperature guided wave transducers for high-temperature structure health monitoring is of great interest in many aspects of industrial engineering. In this work, the zero-order shear horizontal (SH0) guided wave transducer was designed and analyzed based on the X-plate from Ca2Al2SiO7 (CAS) crystals. Furthermore, the excitation and reception performances were evaluated. It is determined from the finite element simulation that the CAS-based guided wave transducer can excite pure SH0 waves in a specific direction. Experimental results confirmed that pure SH0 waves could be achieved and received by the designed CAS-based transducer, which is in good agreement with the theoretical study. Strong SH0 wave signals were chosen at elevated temperatures, and a moderate signal-to-noise ratio >12 dB was realized at the high temperature of 600 °C, showing the advantages of a CAS-based transducer for high-temperature sensing application.
The influence of pearlite fraction on the shock properties of ferrite–pearlite steel microstructures: Insight into the effect of second-phase particles
Authors: Euser V. K. , Martinez D. T. , Valdez J. A. , Trujillo C. P. , Cady C. M. , Jones D. R. , Fensin S. J.
Published: March 2022

The goal of this work is to investigate the effect of varying phase fractions on the overall spall strength and damage behavior of a material. Specifically, two plain carbon, ferrite–pearlite steels (1045 and A283) were subjected to spall recovery experiments to investigate the effect of pearlite fraction on spall strength and total damage. The A283 (20% pearlite) alloy exhibited a higher Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength compared with 1045 (60% pearlite). Discontinuous and continuous yielding behaviors were observed at quasi-static and dynamic rates for A283 and 1045, respectively. The yielding behavior was connected to pearlite fraction and the prevalence of dislocation-emitting, ferrite/cementite interfaces. Postmortem characterization revealed cementite lamellae cracking within pearlite of 1045, suggesting that pearlite reduces spall strength by providing low-energy damage nucleation sites. The rate of damage growth and coalescence was similar between the two alloys; however, 1045 exhibited more continuous cracks than A283, which exhibited a greater prevalence of discrete voids.
Self-alignment of microstructures based on lateral fluidic force generated by local spatial asymmetry inside a microfluidic channel
Authors: Yue Tao , Gu Shenyu , Liu Na , Liu Yuanyuan , Yu Yancong , Zhang Xinye , Lan Weixia , Fukuda Toshio , Li Long , Zhang Quan
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures have various applications in many fields due to their unique physical properties. Manufacturing 3D microstructures with precise micron-scale features is difficult. Although the assembly of two-dimensional (2D) structures is a smart way to construct complex 3D microstructures, the way to assemble those 2D structures precisely is still immature. One key issue is that alignment errors often occur during the assembly process, affecting the architecture accuracy of the assembled 3D structures. In this paper, we propose a method to eliminate the alignment error during the self-assembly process only by lateral fluid force. Theoretical analysis has been conducted to demonstrate how alignment errors in the assembly channel are automatically corrected, during which a force perpendicular to the flow direction is generated by the channel’s local spatial asymmetry to automatically correct those alignment errors. Besides, the movement of microstructures in the channel has been numerically simulated, whose results were consistent with the theoretical analysis, and there was indeed a lateral force that causes the self-aligning of the microstructure in the channel. The effect of the microstructure’s dimensions and the channel’s size for self-alignment procedure has also been analyzed. It shows that the self-alignment of the microstructure can complete when the ratio of the diameter of microstructures to the width of the channel is greater than 85%. Besides, experiments of the self-alignment between adjacent layers of microstructures were successful, which show the presented idea using lateral fluid force is a promising way to build 3D structures with less assembly errors.
Modulated structure and hopping transport mechanism involving a defect-induced localization–delocalization transition in a Ca–Ce(La)–Nb–W–O system
Authors: Lin Yuanwei , Shi Jinan , Zhou Wu , Cen Wanglai , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2022

CaCeNbWO8-δ (CCNWO) oxide is a three-dimensional semiconductor with potential applications in electronic devices. It has been reported that the temperature dependence of the resistivity of CCNWO deviates from that predicted by the Arrhenius equation over a wide temperature range. However, its complex hopping transport mechanism has remained unclear due to unknown defect structures. A combination of transmission electron microscopy and the density functional theory showed that CaCeNbWO8-δ and CaCe0.5La0.5NbWO8-δ have a modulated defect structure, and the carriers mainly undergo a Nb4d→W5d transition. At low temperatures, anisotropic defects promote the diversification of transport properties, variable-range hopping, and nearest neighbor hopping. With increasing temperature, isotropic defects promote simplification of the transport property. Compared with CCNWO, CaCe0.5La0.5NbWO8-δ, with a more stable structure, has stronger electron–electron interactions and shifts the localization–delocalization transition point to a higher temperature. The proposed hopping transport mechanism involving a defect-induced localization–delocalization transition allows semiconductor design and device integration schemes, thus impacting a variety of applications.
Failure of the mean-field description of magnetic fluctuations in the superconducting quantum dot
Authors: Janiš Václav , Yan Jiawei
Published: March 2022

The zero-temperature physics of interacting quantum dots attached to superconducting leads is now well understood. The overall qualitative picture is obtained from the static mean-field approximation. The situation drastically changes at non-zero temperatures. No reliable solutions apart from numerical simulations exist there. We show that any static mean-field approximation fails at non-zero temperatures since magnetic fluctuations induce dynamical corrections that lead to broadening of the in-gap state energies to energy bands. Spin-symmetric equilibrium state at non-zero temperatures is unstable with respect to magnetic fluctuations and the zero magnetic field can be reached only as a weak limit of the spin-polarized solution like in a magnetically ordered phase.
Dynamics of domain wall induced by voltage-controlled strain-field gradient
Authors: Yu Guoliang , He Xinyan , Qiu Yang , Wu Guohua , Guo Rongdi , Zhu Mingmin , Zhou Haomiao
Published: March 2022

This work investigates the strain-gradient-driven domain wall (DW) motion in a ferromagnetic-heavy-metal–piezoelectric heterostructure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the interface Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI). The simulation results show that a larger iDMI can lead to greater tilting of the DW surface as the DW approaches the end of the wire. When the DW stops, the tilt angle is zero, and the DW is perpendicular to the nanowire. The DW displacement and the velocity are affected by the iDMI coefficient, strain-gradient amplitude, and Gilbert damping. We also show that such a mechanism can be used to implement a leaky-integrate-fire spiking neuron device with the controllable temporary location of the DW serving as the analog membrane potential of a biological neuron, which is promising for future DW-based artificial neural devices.
Specific locations and amounts of denatured collagen and collagen-specific chaperone HSP47 in the oviducts and uteri of old cows as compared with those of heifers
Authors: Ferdousy Raihana Nasrin , Kadokawa Hiroya
Published: March 2022

Collagen, the most abundant extra-cellular matrix in oviducts and uteri, performs critical roles in pregnancies. We hypothesised that the locations and amounts of both denatured collagen and the collagen-specific molecular chaperone 47-kDa heat shock protein (HSP47) in the oviducts and uteri of old cows are different compared with those of young heifers because of repeated pregnancies. Since detecting damaged collagen in tissues is challenging, we developed a new method that uses a denatured collagen detection reagent. Then, we compared damaged collagen in the oviducts and uteri between post-pubertal growing nulliparous heifers (22.1 ± 1.0 months old) and old multiparous cows (143.1 ± 15.6 months old). Further, we evaluated the relationship between denatured collagen and HSP47 by combining this method with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Picro-sirius red staining showed collagen in almost all parts of the oviducts and uteri. Expectedly, damaged collagen was increased in the oviducts and uteri of old cows. However, damaged collagen and HSP47 were not located in the same area in old cows. The number of fibroblasts increased, suggesting the presence of fibrosis in the oviducts and uteri of old cows. These organs of old cows showed higher HSP47 protein amounts than those of heifers. However, the uteri, but not oviducts, of old cows had lower HSP47 mRNA amounts than those of heifers. These findings revealed the specific location and amounts of denatured collagen and HSP47 in the oviducts and uteri of old cows compared with those of heifers.
The difficulty of computing stable and accurate neural networks: On the barriers of deep learning and Smale’s 18th problem
Authors: Colbrook Matthew J. , Antun Vegard , Hansen Anders C.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Instability is the Achilles’ heel of modern artificial intelligence (AI) and a paradox, with training algorithms finding unstable neural networks (NNs) despite the existence of stable ones. This foundational issue relates to Smale’s 18th mathematical problem for the 21st century on the limits of AI. By expanding methodologies initiated by Gödel and Turing, we demonstrate limitations on the existence of (even randomized) algorithms for computing NNs. Despite numerous existence results of NNs with great approximation properties, only in specific cases do there also exist algorithms that can compute them. We initiate a classification theory on which NNs can be trained and introduce NNs that—under suitable conditions—are robust to perturbations and exponentially accurate in the number of hidden layers.
Light chaotic dynamics in the transformation from curved to flat surfaces
Authors: Xu Chenni , Dana Itzhack , Wang Li-Gang , Sebbah Patrick
Published: March 2022

Significance

Exploring light dynamics and chaos on curved surfaces is one of the new challenges met in modern cosmology. To address this question and investigate chaotic dynamics of light on three-dimensional curved surfaces, we consider their connection under a conformal transformation with flat billiards with spatially varying refractive index. Through this connection, we demonstrate that these two systems share the same dynamics; the complexity of the problem simplifies, and well-known tools originating from chaos analysis in planar billiards can be used to explore chaotic dynamics on curved space. We discover that the degree of chaos is fully controlled by a single curvature-related geometrical parameter, providing a degree of freedom in chaos engineering, as well as potentialities to design nonuniform table billiards/cavities/resonators.
Contiguously hydrophobic sequences are functionally significant throughout the human exome
Authors: Lohia Ruchi , Hansen Matthew E. B. , Brannigan Grace
Published: March 2022

Significance

Proteins rely on the hydrophobic effect to maintain structure and interactions with the environment. Surprisingly, natural selection on amino acid hydrophobicity has not been detected using modern genetic data. Analyses that treat each amino acid separately do not reveal significant results, which we confirm here. However, because the hydrophobic effect becomes more powerful as more hydrophobic molecules are introduced, we tested whether unbroken stretches of hydrophobic amino acids are under selection. Using genetic variant data from across the human genome, we find evidence that selection increases with the length of the unbroken hydrophobic sequence. These results could lead to improvements in a wide range of genomic tools as well as insights into protein-aggregation disease etiology and protein evolutionary history.
Ribosomal RNA 2′-O-methylations regulate translation by impacting ribosome dynamics
Authors: Khoshnevis Sohail , Dreggors-Walker R. Elizabeth , Marchand Virginie , Motorin Yuri , Ghalei Homa
Published: March 2022

Significance

The presence of RNA chemical modifications has long been known, but their precise molecular consequences remain unknown. 2′-O-methylation is an abundant modification that exists in RNA in all domains of life. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) represents a functionally important RNA that is heavily modified by 2′-O-methylations. Although abundant at functionally important regions of the rRNA, the contribution of 2′-O-methylations to ribosome activities is unknown. By establishing a method to disturb rRNA 2′-O-methylation patterns, we show that rRNA 2′-O-methylations affect the function and fidelity of the ribosome and change the balance between different ribosome conformational states. Our work links 2′-O-methylation to ribosome dynamics and defines a set of critical rRNA 2′-O-methylations required for ribosome biogenesis and others that are dispensable.
Cell size and polarization determine cytokinesis furrow ingression dynamics in mouse embryos
Authors: Paim Lia Mara Gomes , FitzHarris Greg
Published: March 2022

Significance

The final step of cell division, termed cytokinesis, comprises the constriction of a furrow that divides the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells. Although cytokinesis is well studied in traditional cell systems, how cytokinesis is regulated in complex multicellular settings and during cell-fate decisions is less well understood. Here, using live imaging and physical and molecular interventions, we find that the emergence of cell polarity during mouse embryo morphogenesis dramatically impacts cytokinesis mechanisms. Specifically, the assembly of the apical domain in outer cells locally inhibits the cytokinetic machinery, leading to an unexpected laterally biased cytokinesis.
Obscene language and the renegotiation of gender roles in post-Soviet contexts
Authors: Lucchetti Cristiana
Published: March 2022

Mat is a specific domain of Russian obscene vocabulary including words related to sexuality. The first sociolinguistic
studies on mat emerged after the fall of the Soviet Union, concomitantly with the formation of Russian gender studies in the early
1990s (Tëmkina & Zdravomyslova 2003: 51). Until today, research on gender and taboo in Russian has been exiguous. Many
scholars claim that the use of mat is a male prerogative (Uspenskiĭ 1994: 56, Doleschal
& Schmid 2001: 274), whereas women’s use of mat is heavily sanctioned in society. Through data from a survey I carried out
with 772 participants, I illustrate that mat is strongly present in women’s language use and that stereotypical gender
conceptualizations are undergoing change. From the participants’ answers it emerges that discussions about the use of obscene
language play a critical role in the multifaceted process of renegotiation of gender roles in post-Soviet contexts.
Ubiquitylation by Rab40b/Cul5 regulates Rap2 localization and activity during cell migration
Authors: Duncan Emily D. , Han Ke-Jun , Trout Margaret A. , Prekeris Rytis
Published: March 2022

Cell migration is a complex process that involves coordinated changes in membrane transport and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Ras-like small monomeric GTPases, such as Rap2, play a key role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesions. However, how Rap2 function, localization, and activation are regulated during cell migration is not fully understood. We previously identified the small GTPase Rab40b as a regulator of breast cancer cell migration. Rab40b contains a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box, which facilitates binding to Cullin5, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase component responsible for protein ubiquitylation. In this study, we show that the Rab40b/Cullin5 complex ubiquitylates Rap2. Importantly, we demonstrate that ubiquitylation regulates Rap2 activation as well as recycling of Rap2 from the endolysosomal compartment to the lamellipodia of migrating breast cancer cells. Based on these data, we propose that Rab40b/Cullin5 ubiquitylates and regulates Rap2-dependent actin dynamics at the leading edge, a process that is required for breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
Erratum: Measurement of (n, α) and (n, 2n) reaction cross sections at a neutron energy of 14.92 ± 0.02 MeV for potassium and copper with uncertainty propagation, [A. Gandhi, Aman Sharma, Rebecca Pachuau et al., Chin. Phys. C 46, 014002 (2022)]
Authors: Gandhi A. , Sharma Aman , Pachuau Rebecca , Singh Namrata , Danu L. S. , Suryanarayana S. V. , Nayak B. K. , Kumar A.
Published: March 2022

Experimentally measured neutron activation cross sections are presented for the

Cu(n, α)

Cu,

K(n, α)

Cl, and

Cu(n,2n)

Cu reactions with detailed uncertainty propagation. The neutron cross sections were measured at an incident energy of 14.92

0.02 MeV, and the neutrons were based on the t(d, n)α fusion reaction. The

Al(n, α)

Na reaction was used as a reference reaction for the normalization of the neutron flux. The pre-calibrated lead-shielded HPGe detector was used to detect the residues' γ-ray spectra. The data from the measured cross sections are compared to the previously measured cross sections from the EXFOR database, theoretically calculated cross sections using the TALYS and EMPIRE codes, and evaluated nuclear data.
NiO Supported on Porous Carbon From Merbau Wood: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Santi D , Triyono  , Trisunaryanti W , Falah I I
Published: March 2022

Nickel oxide catalyst supported on porous carbon (NiO/C), the materials support were synthesized from Merbau wood. The metals were loaded onto the carbon by the wet impregnation method. After drying and calcination, NiO/C was obtained. The prepared catalyst was evaluated for the hydrocracking of pyrolyzed α-cellulose. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, FT IR, SAA, and acidity test by NH3 base vapor adsorption determined gravimetrically and by FT IR. The XRD results showed that the carbonaceous of materials support were amorphous materials that characteristic for mesopore carbon. The impregnation of nickel into carbon results in difraktogram peaks that correspond to the presence of NiO, which was confirmed by EDX. The SEM image showed that the morphology of the catalyst samples was a honeycomb-like structure. The acidity test showed that the total acid amount of NiO/C samples was 3.05 mol/g, and the FT IR spectra indicated that there were Brönsted and Lewis acid sites on NiO/C catalyst. The SAA results showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of the NiO/C catalyst were 520.41 m2/g, 0.27 cm3/g, and 2.083 nm, respectively.
Benchmarking Naïve Bayes and ID3 Algorithm for Prediction Student Scholarship
Authors: Karo I M K , Fajari M Y , Fadhilah N U , Wardani W Y
Published: March 2022

Student scholarship through Indonesian smart cards (ISC) is a cash donation scholarship for all student in range 6-21 years old as a solution of destitute child or potential dropouts. Currently the large student data stored in educational database. The data was used to determine feasible receiver ISC. Manual prediction by human take long time and potentially human error. This paper aim to predict feasible receiver ISC by using educational data mining. Source of data come from a senior high school database in Riau Province, Indonesia. In this paper we compared two algorithms (Naïve Bayes and ID3) to predict receiver ISC. Eighty percent process in this paper is data pre-processing. Information of other scholarship is the most influences variable to predict student scholarship. ID3 algorithm classification has accuracy 83 percent and f1 score 71 percent. While Naive Bayes Classification has accuracy 89 percent and f1 score 72 percent. In this case Naïve Bayes algorithm is better in ID3 algorithm.