bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emblematy kultury polskiej z perspektywy cudzoziemców
Authors: Smoleń-Wawrzusiszyn Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie cudzoziemskiej recepcji cech i zjawisk polskiej lingwa- i socjokultury na podstawie analizy trzech książek-przewodników (S. Möllera 2006, L. Klos Sokol 2010, F. Vaucher 2016) oraz ocena przydatności tego typu źródeł w poszukiwaniu elementów typowych/charakterystycznych dla naszego portretu kulturowego. Analiza przedmiotowych materiałów była jednym z etapów badań (w ramach projektu Emblematy kultury polskiej – koncepcja leksykonu) nad różnymi perspektywami w postrzeganiu specyfiki szeroko rozumianej polskości, których poznanie jest niezbędne w pracach nad wydobywaniem i negocjowaniem zjawisk mogących uzyskać status emblematów polskiej kultury. Prezentowane rozważania dowodzą, że kluczową korzyścią płynącą z obserwacji i analizy doświadczeń obcokrajowców jest ich „innowymiarowy” ogląd zjawisk, który wynika z zazwyczaj dobrze rozwiniętych sprawności interkulturowych. Cudzoziemcy mogą być cennymi mediatorami kulturowymi, zwłaszcza gdy w procesie oswajania się z innością odnoszą się do niej z humorystycznym dystansem, który sprzyja budowaniu pomostów między odmiennymi perspektywami i kształtowaniu postawy tolerancji.
A thematic dictionary as a source of cultural competence (using the example of a Chinese-Polish dictionary)
Authors: Sękowska Elżbieta
Published: December 2020

This article discusses a thematic dictionary of a specific language pair (Chinese-Polish in this case) as a teaching aid useful in learning a language and its culture. In the search for a place for the thematic dictionary in language teaching, the author refers to the notion of cultural competence and notions associated with introducing it into the teaching process as cultural competence covers both vocabulary and knowledge (linguaculture), and the interpretative rules and elements of the study of the reality of people and institutions within the area of socioculture. The contents of those areas of culture of a community are discussed in the theoretical studies devoted to teaching Polish as a non-native language and in the curricula of teaching Polish as a foreign language. Those activities become focussed, e.g. in the required standards which refer to individual levels of language proficiency.A thematic dictionary may serve as a source for introducing elements of culture considering the stock of vocabulary which illustrates the differences in languages and cultures. In the discussion of the Chinese-Polish thematic dictionary, the author focusses on the description of macrostructures, the inclusion of selected thematic fields, and indicates its utility in increasing one’s proficiency in the lexis which illustrates the extra-linguistic reality.
Ocenianie stopnia znajomości słownictwa w kontekście jego nauczania: rzeczywistość, potrzeby, możliwości
Authors: Seretny Anna
Published: December 2020

Stopień opanowania słownictwa przez uczących się języka polskiego na poziomach wyższych jest często sprawdzany za pomocą zadań, które w większym stopniu koncentrują się na znajomości form i znaczeń wyrazów, w mniejszym zaś na użyciu złożonych struktur leksykalnych. Ten rodzaj ewaluacji pozwala ocenić stan wiedzy deklaratywnej uczniów. Jest ona trudna do wyzyskania w autentycznych sytuacjach komunikacyjnych, w których spontaniczne działania wymagają od użytkownika wykorzystania wiedzy implicytnej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ogląd dydaktyki i ewaluacji słownictwa w języku polskim jako obcym dokonany z perspektywy potrzeb komunikacyjnych uczących się na poziomie średnim ogólnym. Zwraca się w nim uwagę na fakt, iż wiedza implicytna jest rezultatem głębokiej internalizacji słownictwa, a szybkie, fortunne reakcje użytkownika wspomaga właściwa organizacja leksykonu mentalnego, w którym, obok pojedynczych słów, magazynowane są różnej długości zespolenia (ciągi formuliczne). Pokazuje się też sposoby ukomunikacyjnienia obecnie stosowanych technik ewaluacji stopnia opanowania leksyki, a także proponuje takie, które opierają się na działaniach uwikłanych w kontekst i/lub w nim wyraźnie osadzonych.
Techniki rozwijania sprawności słuchania i mówienia w podręcznikach do nauczania polskiego języka medycznego
Authors: Oczko Paulina
Published: December 2020

Artykuł stanowi głos w dyskusji nad sposobami rozwijania sprawności słuchania oraz mówienia w nauczaniu polskiego języka medycznego. Przyczynkiem do napisania tekstu były konkluzje płynące z analizy koncepcji rozwijania sprawności językowych przedstawionych we wstępach do podręczników do nauki (polskiego) języka medycznego. W pierwszej części przedstawione zostały dotychczasowe prace na temat podręczników i pomocy do nauczania polskiego języka medycznego. W drugiej części opisano techniki rozwijania sprawności słuchania i mówienia powszechnie przyjęte w metodyce nauczania polskiego języka ogólnego oraz do celów specjalistycznych. Następnie dokonano weryfikacji mieszczących się we wstępach do podręczników deklaracji oraz koncepcji autorów poprzez ich zestawienie ze stanem rzeczywistym materiałów zawartych w książkach. Autorka omówiła również techniki nabywania oraz rozwijania umiejętności słuchania i mówienia w podręcznikach do języka medycznego.
Skrzydlate słowa w podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Brzozowska Anna
Published: December 2020

Skrzydlate słowa należą do zjawisk stosunkowo rzadko pojawiających się w podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego. W artykule przeanalizowanych zostało 13 podręczników. Celem badania była odpowiedź na dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, w jakiej funkcji i w jakiej pozycji pojawiają się jednostki skrzydlate. Po drugie, czy recepcja tekstu wymaga rozumienia skrzydlatego słowa przez ucznia. Użyte przez autorów opracowań jednostki skrzydlate można przyporządkować do kilku kategorii. Występują w tytułach podręczników, tytułach rozdziałów, tekstach (tytułach/podtytułach oraz tekście właściwym), a także ćwiczeniach: leksykalno-frazeologicznych i gramatycznych (w oderwaniu od semantyki frazemu bądź łączących semantykę z zagadnieniami gramatycznymi). Dodatkowy podział obejmuje przypadki uzależniające właściwą recepcję tekstu/ćwiczenia od rozumienia skrzydlatego słowa oraz takie, w których jego znajomość nie jest konieczna.
Wykorzystanie koncepcji "plain language" w upraszczaniu tekstów do testowania znajomości języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Burzyńska-Kamieniecka Anna
Published: December 2020

W artykule pokazano, że zasady tworzenia tekstów zgodnie ze standardem plain language i narzędzia pomiaru ich czytelności mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w procesie adaptowania tekstów służących do testowania znajomości JPJO. Dostosowywanie wykorzystywanych w zadaniach testowych tekstów oryginalnych (autentycznych) do wymogów standardów egzaminacyjnych wymaga ich modyfikacji. Już ze wstępnej analizy przykładowych zadań służących do testowania sprawności czytania na egzaminie certyfikatowym z JPJO wynika, że będące ich podstawą teksty oryginalne poddano transformacjom zgodnym z zasadami plain language. W przygotowaniu tekstów do testowania znajomości języka polskiego jako obcego można więc posługiwać się schematem upraszczania tekstów opisanym przez badaczy prostej polszczyzny, a w ustalaniu stopnia ich trudności pomocniczo wykorzystywać automatyczne narzędzia pomiaru.
Elementy edukacji IB na lekcjach języka polskiego w klasach wielokulturowych
Authors: Kuźma Natalia
Published: December 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki nauczania języka polskiego w klasie szkolnej, w której co najmniej jeden z uczniów posługuje się językiem polskim jako drugim. Badacze zajmujący się omawianą kwestią sugerują konieczność opracowania materiałów do nauczania języka polskiego dla wszystkich etapów edukacyjnych. Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje to zagadnienie, a także stanowi wstęp do szerszych badań mających na celu opracowanie warsztatu pracy nauczyciela polonisty nauczającego w klasie, w której znajdują się uczniowie z doświadczeniem migracyjnym. Podstawowe pytanie, jakie przyświeca podjętym tu rozważaniom, odnosi się do efektywności nauczania: jak uczyć i jakie działania edukacyjne podejmować, by zaangażować w proces nauczania zarówno uczniów, dla których język polski jest językiem pierwszym, jak i uczniów, dla których jest to język drugi? W tekście przedstawiono metody nauczania stosowane w edukacji międzynarodowej oraz propozycje ich adaptacji na lekcjach języka polskiego w klasach wielokulturowych.
Translation and Transformation of John Chrysostom’s Urban Imagery into Old Church Slavonic
Authors: Dimitrova Aneta
Published: December 2020

John Chrysostom was not only one of the most prolific and influential authors of late antiquity but also a renown preacher, exegete, and public figure. His homilies and sermons combined the classical rhetorical craft with some vivid imagery from everyday life. He used descriptions, comparisons, and metaphors that were both a rhetorical device and a reference to the real world familiar to his audience. From 9th century onwards, many of Chrysostom’s works were translated into Old Church Slavonic and were widely used for either private or communal reading. Even if they had lost the spontaneity of the oral performance, they still preserved the references to the 4th-century City, to the streets and the homes in a distant world, transferred into the 10th-century Bulgaria and beyond. The article examines how some of these urban images were translated and sometimes adapted to the medieval Slavonic audience, how the realia and the figures of speech were rendered into the Slavonic language and culture. It is a survey on the reception of the oral sermon put into writing, and at the same time, it is a glimpse into the late antique everyday life in the Eastern Mediterranean.
John the Scythian – a Slayer of Usurpers and the Isaurians
Authors: Leszka Mirosław J.
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to John the Scythian – one of the chiefs of the Byzantine army in the eighties and nineties of the 5th century. Based on the sources, the military career of John the Scythian lasted 16 years. He spent less time defending the borders of the empire and more fighting (often, victoriously) against usurpers and peoples who either had lived in its territory for centuries (the Isaurians) or sought a place to settle there (the Ostrogoths), and whose status kept changing from ally to enemy. John, as evidenced by his nickname, came from a barbarian people, but this did not prevent him from serving the emperor loyally and building his position in the circles of the empire’s elite.
John the Water-Bearer (Ивань Водоносьць). Once Again on Dualism in the Bosnian Church
Authors: Minczew Georgi
Published: December 2020

The article examines the debate as to the direct influence of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism upon the doctrine of the Bosnian Church. The author traces some scholarly views pro et contra the presence, in the Bosnian-Slavic sources, of traces of neo-Manichean views on the Church, the Patristic tradition, and the sacraments. In analyzing two marginal glosses in the so-called Srećković Gospel in the context of some anti-Bogomil Slavic and Byzantine texts, the article attempts to establish the importance of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism for the formation of certain dogmatic and ecclesiological views in the doctrine of the Bosnian Church: the negative attitude towards the orthodox Churches, especially the Roman Catholic Church; the rejection of the sacrament of baptism and of St. John the Baptist; the rejection of the sacrament of confession, and hence, of the Eucharist. These doctrinal particularities of the Bosnian Church warrant the assertion that its teachings and liturgical practice differed significantly from the dogmatics and practice of the orthodox Churches. Without being a copy of the Bogomil communities, the Bosnian Church was certainly heretical, and neo-Manichean influences from the Eastern Balkans were an integral element of the Bosnian Christians’ faith.
The Association of Different Cyber-Victimization Types With Current Psychological and Health Status in Southern Appalachian Communities
Authors: Hamby Sherry , Blount Zach , Taylor Elizabeth , Mitchell Kimberly , Jones Lisa
Published: December 2020

Research on cyber-victimization has primarily focused on cyberbullying conducted in urban and suburban (metropolitan) settings. We explore a range of cyber-victimizations, including financially motivated offenses and cyberbullying, and their associations with current psychological and health status in a nonmetropolitan sample from southern Appalachia. The forms of cyber-victimization were drawn from focus groups and interviews, and then self-report data on 14 types of cyber-victimization were collected from 478 individuals (57.1% female; ageM= 36.44,SD= 16.61). Approximately 3 out of 4 participants (74.7%) reported experiencing at least one cyber-victimization. Cyber-victimization made many participants feel “very upset” (average 55.7%). Many forms of cyber-victimization were associated with elevated trauma symptoms, and lower subjective well-being and health-related quality of life. Cyber-victimization is common in this southern Appalachian community, with financially motivated incidents leading to higher prevalence rates than found in many other studies. In these data, numerous specific types of victimization, including cyber-theft, fraud, and legal-but-intrusive privacy invasions, were associated with worse psychological and physical health. More research is needed on technology-mediated victimization and these types of victimization should be more routinely included in violence assessments.
Perpetration of Dating Violence Among Belgian Youth: Impulsivity, Verbal Skills, and Empathy as Risk and Protective Factors?
Authors: Glowacz Fabienne , Courtain Audrey
Published: December 2020

Dating violence (DV) is a serious social problem among adolescents and emerging adults, both boys and girls are victims and perpetrators. The current study aimed to investigate correlates of DV perpetration among Belgian youths. We examined facets of empathy and verbal skills as protective factors, and facets of impulsivity as risk factors for psychological and physical DV perpetration. Eight hundred and thirteen adolescents and emerging adults (71.7% females, mean age = 18.9) completed self-administered questionnaires investigating their physical and psychological DV perpetration, empathy, verbal skills, and impulsivity. Findings show that male and female respondents have different patterns of correlations between the studied variables. Facets of empathy and verbal skills hinder DV perpetration, whereas facets of impulsivity foster it. The impact of the different facets can vary across regression models, gender of the perpetrator, and forms of DV. The present study contributes to a better understanding of DV by examining facets of empathy, verbal skills, and impulsivity. Prevention programs are encouraged to target specific facets of these variables among adolescents and emerging adults.
The Assessment and Management of Stalking Perpetrated by Clients Against Their Counselors
Authors: Storey Jennifer E. , Hart Stephen D.
Published: December 2020

Mental health professionals are at heightened risk of stalking victimization, however minimal research has examined empirically supported risk factors for stalking and the efficacy of risk management strategies. Three hundred and six counselors were surveyed, and the present study focuses on the 7% (n = 23) who had been stalked by clients. Results describe the characteristics of stalking, perpetrators, and victims and the perceived efficacy of management strategies employed. Stalking behaviors tended to be of lower severity. Common perpetrator risk factors included relationship problems, anger, and obsession. Victim vulnerabilities were identified, where many victims engaged in behavior considered ineffective in response to stalking. Victims often encountered problems coping with victimization due to inadequate access to resources. Results indicate that risk management plans must be individualized and highlight ways that mental health professionals can and would like to be protected from stalking.
Convict Code, Risky Lifestyles, and Violent Victimization Among Inmates in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jaeyong , Wentling Richard
Published: December 2020

The adherence of the convict code and involvement in risky lifestyles lead to increased rates of victimization; however, empirical scrutiny regarding the interaction between the convict code and risky lifestyles remains unexplored. The current study bridges this gap in the victimization literature by examining the interaction effect between the convict code and risky lifestyles on victimization experience incarcerated offenders within South Korean prisons. Results indicate there both the convict code and risky lifestyles are positively and significantly associated with the risk of victimization. When combined, an interaction effect is present, suggesting that the relationship between the convict code and violent victimization is stronger as inmates engage in risky lifestyles more frequently. A discussion of theoretical implications is offered, highlighting the similarities of the convict code with western prison settings.
Multiple Maltreatment and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Exploring Cumulative Threats to Attachment Quality
Authors: Barnett James E. , Howe Tasha R.
Published: December 2020

Child maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) often cooccur and are related to negative socioemotional outcomes; however, limited research differentiates how maltreatment versus other ACEs predict such outcomes. These efforts are necessary to determine whether cumulative ACE screening efforts best predict those at risk for poor outcomes. We examined cumulative childhood ACEs, cumulative maltreatment subtypes, and adult attachment quality in 379 young and middle-aged adults. This sample enabled comparison between emerging adults and older adults who have navigated additional developmental tasks that may counteract the effects of early ACEs. More ACEs and maltreatment experiences predicted insecure anxious, avoidant, and fearful attachment styles; however, maltreatment failed to predict unique variance in attachment quality beyond other ACEs. Results suggest that maltreatment may be best categorized as part of a general cumulative risk profile predicting poor socioemotional outcomes. Findings support burgeoning trends in medical and social service settings assessing ACEs using simple dichotomous screening tools to identify those requiring intervention and support services.
SEMANTISCHE BESCHREIBUNG DER DEUTSCHEN MODALPARTIKELN "JA" UND "DOCH" UND IHRER SERBISCHEN ÄQUIVALENTE
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandar
Published: December 2020

Der Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind die deutschen Modalpartikeln ja und doch und ihre Äquivalente im Serbischen. Im Vergleich zur serbischen Sprache ist die deutsche Sprache reich an Modalpartikeln, was, zusammen mit ihren spezifischen Eigenschaften, zu unterschiedlichen Problemen und Schwierigkeiten beim Übersetzen oder Lernen führen kann. Probleme spiegeln sich darin wider, dass es in der Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Serbische oft viele Varianten der gleichen Partikel gibt, unter denen allerdings selten eine vollständige Äquivalenz vorzufinden ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die erwähnten Modalpartikeln zu beschreiben und einen Einblick in deren unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen und Anwendungen zu gewährleisten und damit die bestehenden Mängel in diesem Bereich zu reduzieren. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt darin, alle möglichen Übersetzungsvarianten der erwähnten Partikeln im Serbischen aufzufinden und die häufigsten bzw. frequentesten hervorzuheben. Die hierbei angewandten Methoden sind die Methoden der kontrastiven und deskriptiven Analyse. Der Korpus besteht aus  den Partikeln ja und doch, die in Heinrich Manns Roman Professor Unrat oder Das Ende eines Tyrannen und der Übersetzung Profesor Unrat ili kraj jednog tiranina vorhanden sind.
Training matrices: a proposal to analyze the pedagogical and social community practice in the university
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Argentina, Enriquez Pedro Gregorio , Vannucci María Leticia ,   Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Argentina
Published: December 2020

In the last ten years, in Latin America in general and Argentina in particular, pedagogical and socio-community practices have been institutionalized in university education, they integrate extension with teaching and research. Despite its short time, there has already been a significant number of experience reports that it would be impossible to even mention them; but the proportion of works destined to create tools that make it possible to study this type of practice is lower. Taking into account this panorama, in this work a provisional theoretical-methodological tool is outlined, which allows analyzing the socio- community practices. This tool was built on the basis of two paths: that of the review and reflective reconstruction of the literature that bases and gives meaning to this type of practice and; the analysis of reports of experiences that provide emerging categories on the meaning and significance attributed to it by the subjects.
Sociological analysis of the level of citizens’ trust: global and regional aspects
Authors: Lazukina Alexandra O.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the results of international and Russian studies of the level of trust of citizens. For example, studies of territorial areas, and the conclusion about the negative impact of low trust of citizens to power on the development of new territories. The low level of trust of residents in the government is considered as one of the key negative prerequisites that distorts the principles of creating urban communities. As a result, a chain of interaction between citizens is formed, which leads to the spontaneous formation of protest behavior. Based on the analysis of factors of influence that distort the motives for uniting urban residents into territorial communities, the author concludes that the importance of building trust in the authorities among residents is underestimated, which is classified as a serious omission in the management of the political space of the annexed territories.
Russian tradition of ideas about the unity of the world and the «common destiny» of peoples
Authors: Ruban Larissa S. , Boyarkina Anna V.
Published: December 2020

The article highlights the idea of «common destiny» of countries and peoples in the works of Russian scientists, politicians and spiritual leaders, which is especially important since the Chinese leader Xi Jinping put forward the concept of «community of common destiny of mankind», on the other hand, in connection with the crisis development of the world community in a pandemic that raised the problem of survival.
Subsoil Knowledge Economy in Time and in Space
Authors: Kryukov Valery
Published: December 2020

The article examines the features of natural resources in the context of the dynamics of their development as of changing of types, internal features as of quality. The author shows that over time, the qualitative characteristics of the developed natural resources (first of all, subsoil minerals) are change - the developed long-term objects pass into the stage of declining productivity, while new objects become smaller and more complex from the point in terms of the application of previously obtained and implemented approaches. According to the author’s opinion, which he develops and defends in this article, a distinctive featureof the modern stage of the development of mineral resources is a significant strengthening of the role of science and new knowledge and the growing dominance of an intensive way of solving emerging problems. This is reflected in the significant strengthening of scientific research and the growing role of high-tech service companies. At the same time, as a rule, these service companies are located in scientific and industrial centers and agglomerations located at a considerable distance from the places of development and extraction of minerals. The circumstances noted above determine and set new approaches to the spatial sideof interaction of the resource sector and the knowledge economy in modern conditions. The article presents examples of the creation and development of such approaches in various countries. At the same time, in the author’s opinion, Russia is still largely implementing a model based on the use of previously tested (in other countries) technologies and an emphasis on the development of traditional facilities located in new, more remote areas.
Dynamics of scientific personnel in the transition from the USSR to the Russian Federation
Authors: Shepelev Gennady
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes dynamics of the number of scientific personnel during the transition from the USSR (RSFSR) to the Russian Federation. The method of analysis is proposed which is based not on the dynamics of the age groups but on the analysis of scientists amount dynamics of certain years of birth. This approach allows to identify the logic of different ages scientists behavior in the crisis and their reaction on economy changes in the 90s of the last century. Both the total number of researchers and the dynamics of age distributions during the period of fast changes (1990–1998) and after 1998 were analyzed. It is shown that the dynamics of the scientists number in the post-Soviet period was largely determined by the age peaks of the researchers distribution formed in the USSR in the 60-70s. Currently, the effect of these peaks has expired and the age distribution is more in line with the general age distribution of the population. Forecasts of the researchers number dynamics in Russia in the near future are given.
Influence de l'age des Eucalyptus de plantation sur leurs caractéristiques papetières
Authors: Pétroff G.
Published: December 2020

Une comparaison a été faite entre les caractéristiques de fabrication du papier de nombreux eucalyptus plantés âgés de 3 à 4 ans et de 5à 10 ans. Les eucalyptus les plus anciens contiennent un peu plus de lignine et un peu moins de pentosanes. Leurs fibres sont moins souples et leursLa pâte est plus lignifiée, plus sombre et de moindre rendement. Les papiers fabriqués (à partir d'eucalyptus plus anciens) ont une résistance à la traction légèrement inférieure etrésistance à l'éclatement, mais plus grande résistance à la déchirure et porosité.
Les activités du Bureau d'Etudes du Centre Technique Forestier Tropical
Authors: CIRAD CTFT
Published: December 2020

Le Bureau des Etudes techniques du C. T. F. T.exerce son activité dans 35 pays ou territoires différents,répartis dans plusieurs parties du monde :Afrique du Nord, Afrique tropicale, Madagascar,Amérique tropicale, Asie du Sud-Est et Océanie.Il travaille également pour l'Office national desForêts dans les départements de la Guadeloupeet de la Guyane et, en France métropolitaine, pourle compte de l'Association Forêt-Cellulose.Son activité couvre tous les domaines intéressantla foresterie tropicale et la conservation des sols,les essais et emplois des bois tropicaux, ainsi que lapêche et la pisciculture dans les eaux continentales.Les experts qu'il utilise pour mener à bien lesopérations qui lui sont confiées, bénéficient del'appui technique des spécialistes et, le cas échéant,des laboratoires du Centre de Nogent-sur-Marne.
Interrelation and interdependence in the framework of categories for the transport systems development and economic growth promotion
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Chechenova L. M.
Published: December 2020

Objective: To establish a connection between the development of the transport system and the economic growth category, with subsequent defining of the principles of interdependence and mutual influence. Methods: Complex methods of system analysis and economic and mathematical modeling methods have been used. Results: The scientific background has been analyzed as regards the development of transport systems and subsequent economic growth. Based on the corresponding principles of interdependence and mutual influence of the development of transport systems and the economic growth category, possible connections between the components compared have been modeled. Economic and mathematical models of economic growth are proposed, which characterize state investments in the transport industry with its subsequent development, and investments with subsequent economic growth of the country. Practical importance: The practical value of the study involves using its main results for assessing the effectiveness of development projects implemented in the transport industry. The proposed models can be used for critical analysis, diagnostics and subsequent assessment of transport systems functioning
Management of the snow clearing equipment operation on tram tracks
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Doronicheva S. A. , Malakhov M. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University
Published: December 2020

Objective: To develop recommendations for the management of snow clearing of street railways in urban settlements. Methods: The article analyzes the Russian regional climatic influence on the management of street railway traffic and the current maintenance of tram tracks, and the indicators to be monitored when planning the work of snow clearing equipment. The requirements for the maintenance of tram tracks in winter in heavy snowfalls and blizzards have been described. An overview of the snow clearing equipment available in the soviet and present times, as well as its application has been discussed. Results: Recommendations for the management of various types of snow clearing equipment for various types of tram tracks are given. The justifying calculations of the size of the snow clearing fleet in relation to regional climatic indicators are presented. Practical importance: The article demonstrates the preference of introduction of special rail snow clearing equipment for the tram track routine maintenance in winter, especially in snow heavy areas, both tram type based on tram dimensions and hybrid road-rail type. Practical recommendations for the conditions for the use of various types of snow clearing equipment have been developed
Potential for the introduction of an alternating current traction power supply system with catenary supports without rail grounding
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Kremlev I. A. , Teryokhin I. A. ,   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Skokov R. B. ,   Omsk State Transport University
Published: December 2020

Objective: To study the problems and possible solutions in the introduction of an alternating current traction power supply system with catenary supports without rail grounding. Methods: To solve the set tasks, we used the statements and methods of the theory of power supply, experimental planning, mathematical and system analysis, and the theory of electrical measurements. In the experimental studies, the Trans-AURA Emergency Process Recorder and the Tektronix TDS 2014 Digital Oscilloscope were used, and the Aura2000 and MS Excel 2010 software products were used to process the experiment results. Results: The basic requirements for the AC traction power supply system grounding are presented. The flaws of the traditional grounding system of the catenary supports on the rail network are revealed. Two possible directions are described, which allow eliminating issues during the operation of the AC traction power supply system. The first direction requires the introduction of an additional stage into the traction network protection system, which makes it possible to identify short circuits through a high rail-to-earth resistance. The second suggests the need to revise the relay protection system itself, which includes changing the approach to grounding the catenary structures, the methodology for calculating the relay protection settings, a more detailed analysis of electrical safety conditions, etc. An equation has been formulated to determine support-groupto-earth resistance taking into account the group grounding cable and the existing requirements for ensuring the sensitivity of the main protection means, which allows ensuring reliable operation of feeders’ relay protection. The results of experimental tests of electrical safety conditions and electromagnetic influence are presented. The tasks are identified being the essential prerequisite to the widespread introduction of a system with supports without rail network grounding. Practical importance: The developed methodology for selecting the protection settings will make it possible to operate the AC catenary system without the supports’ rail grounding, as well as introduce the proposed additions to the instructions for grounding traction power supply devices at “Russian Railways”
SAFE CITY PROGRAM AS AN IMPORTANT AREA OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME
Authors:   Federal research sociological center of the Russian academy of sciences, Moscow, Talanov Sergey L.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the crime rate in the Russian Federation, including the Yaroslavl region. The author carried out a sociological study, within the framework of which a selective analysis of the implementation of the Safe city program in cities in the Russian Federation was carried out. In addition, a survey of students was carried out in 2018–2019 and a series of in-depth interviews with positional experts were conducted. A series of in-depth interviews with students were carried out: the faculty of law of Yaroslavl state university, the faculty of social and political sciences from Yaroslavl state university, pedagogical specialties from Yaroslavl state pedagogical university. It is concluded that the fight against crime will be more effective in comparison with the existing practice if the following conditions are met: purposeful increase in the degree of protection of citizens and infrastructure of cities and rural areas; full-scale implementation of information and communication technologies to control closed (markets, museums, etc.) and open (squares, parks, etc.) territories; development of basic information systems and resources, formation of technical and organizational foundations for further digital transformation of cities and rural areas; active participation of citizens in the life of society and in decision-making on the digitalization of urban space. The author's selective analysis of the implementation of the Safe city program in cities in the Russian Federation showed that the program is designed to reduce the number of offenses and especially dangerous crimes. In addition, this program provides for the solution of issues related to the migration aspect, with the need to reduce the risks caused by man-made and natural disasters and is aimed at identifying the potential danger of objects left in public places. As part of the study, a content analysis of the blogosphere was also carried out, a secondary analysis of publications of research results carried out by scientists from the Federal research center of the Russian academy of sciences (Moscow), was carried out. Based on the results of the study, measures are proposed to reduce crime in cities.
The difference between Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial height changes
Authors: Santoso Dewi Sartika , Christnawati C. , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana
Published: December 2020

Background: Bimaxillary and bidental protrusion Class I Angle malocclusions have a characteristic convex facial profile and protrusion lips due to the labial inclination of the anterior teeth. Extraction of the first four premolars is the most common choice for orthodontic treatment of these cases when all the permanent teeth are complete and in good condition. Orthodontic treatment can be performed using the Begg or Straightwire techniques. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment with Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane, and anterior and posterior facial height. Methods: Sixty pairs of lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment of patients with bimaxillary and bidental protrusive Angle malocclusion Class I, aged 18–35 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment using the Begg and Straightwire techniques with the extraction of all first premolars that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation (p<0.05). Results: Molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial heights increased significantly after the Begg technique treatment and decreased significantly after the Straightwire technique treatment (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the four variables in the two techniques (p>0.05). Medium correlation was found between variables in both the Begg and Straightwire techniques. Conclusion: Molars were extruded and mesialized and the occlusal plane angle and height of the anterior and posterior faces increased after the Begg appliances treatment. The molars moved mesially and occlusally and there was a decrease in the occlusal plane angle, as well as the height of the anterior and posterior faces, after treatment with the Straightwire appliances. However, there was no difference between the two techniques.
Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Fluconazole in the Marketed Dosage Formulations
Authors: Shoaeb Mohammad Syed  , Marathe RP
Published: December 2020

The aim of current study was to develop and validate UV Spectrophotometric method for Fluconazole. Ultra Violet Spectroscopy was carried out at 260nm and samples were prepared with a solution of phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The linearity demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The method was subjected to validity for the parameters as per ICH guidelines. Correctness, exactness, LOD, LOQ, recovery study and range were determined and the parameters were determined by performing the repeated experiments and proper sampling of the solution. The objective of selection of UV spectroscopy was the simplicity, time and economy of the method furthermore the sensitivity was also high by UV spectroscopy as HPLC technique is costly, time consuming and number of factors may affect the determination. It was observed that, the proposed method was linear, correct, repeatable, error free, selective, specific and cost effective proving the dependability of the method. More over same solvent was used throughout the experimental work and it was found that the method was free from any type of interference from any excipients and method was simple, rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive and can be applied in routine analysis of Fluconazole in single and combined form.
Characterization of New ATM Deletion Associated with Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Parenti Sandra , Rabacchi Claudio , Marino Marco , Tenedini Elena , Artuso Lucia , Castellano Sara , Carretta Chiara , Mallia Selene , Cortesi Laura , Toss Angela , Barbieri Elena , Manfredini Rossella , Luppi Mario , Trenti Tommaso , Tagliafico Enrico
Published: December 2020

Next Generation Sequencing based cancer risk screening with multigene panels has become the most successful method for programming cancer prevention strategies. ATM germ-line heterozygosity has been described as able to increase tumor susceptibility. In particular, families that carry heterozygous germ-line variants of ATM gene show a 5- to 9-fold risk of developing breast cancer. Recent studies identified ATM as the second most mutated gene after CHEK2 in BRCA-negative patients. Nowadays, more than 170 potential missense variants and several truncating mutations have been identified in ATM gene. Here we present the molecular characterization a new ATM deletion, identified thanks to the CNV algorithm implemented in the NGS analysis pipeline. An automated workflow implementing the SOPHiA Genetics’ Hereditary Cancer Solution (HCS) protocol was used to generate NGS libraries that were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq Platform. NGS data analysis allowed to identify a new inactivating deletion of exons 19-27 of ATM gene. DNA breakpoint was characterized both at DNA and RNA level
Identification of a Novel Interaction Between SMC1 DNA Damage Repair Protein and Escherichia Coli O157: H7 EspF Using Co-Immunoprecipitation Combined With Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Fu Muqing , Hua Ying , Wu Jiali , Zhang Zhikai , Liu Jinyue , Li Xiaoxia , Fang Yuting , Zhang Bao , Zhao Wei , Wan Chengsong
Published: December 2020

The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157: H7 EspF is known to be a multifunctional effector that triggers several damage processes in the host cells. However, in the process of EHEC O157: H7 infection, the interactions between EspF, its N- or C-terminus, and host proteins are still unclear. In this work, we use co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry (CoIP-MS) to screen the interactions between EspF/EspF-N/EspF-C terminus and host proteins. A total of 311 host proteins are analyzed. The N-terminus of EspF is found to interact with 192 proteins, whereas 205 proteins interact with the C-terminus. These proteins are mainly involved in RNA splicing, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and a variety of metabolic signaling pathways. Surprisingly, MS results reveal that EspF can also phosphorylate H2AX, suggesting that EspF may directly mediate DNA damage. Here, by western blot and immunofluorescence (IF), we verified that EspF can cause phosphorylation of H2AX and mediates cell multi-nuclearation and cell hypertrophy. Furthermore, we verify here for the first time that SMC1 interacts with EspF -C-terminus, and provide evidence that EspF increases p-SMC1 levels. p-SMC1 is known to influence S-phase cell cycle arrest and usually increases during periods of DNA damage. Our work revealed a novel interaction between EspF and the host protein SMC1 and lays a foundation for further research on EspF-mediated host DNA damage, apoptosis, and even colorectal carcinogenesis.
Microstructure Evolution of Ag/TiO2 Thin Film
Authors: Suriyani Dewi , Razak Kamrosni Abdul , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Izwan Ramli Mohd Izrul , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Azhair Aiu Wazira , Nogita Kazuhiro , Yasuda Hideyuki , Nabialek Marcin , Wysłocki Jerzy J.
Published: December 2020

Ag/TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO2 thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology imaged using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and its surface topography examined using the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact mode. Cubical white spots were detected, identified as Ag, while the TiO2 thin film resembles a porous ring-like structure with each ring coalescing and forming channels. Junction growth is directly proportional with time under continuous heating conditions (annealing), and its growth orientations and patterns were seemingly random.
Visual Cortical Prosthesis : An Electrical Perspective
Authors: Pio-Lopez Léo , Poulkouras Romanos , Depannemaecker Damien
Published: December 2020

The electrical stimulation of the visual cortices has the potential to restore vision to blind individuals. Until now, the results of visual cortical prosthetics has been limited as no prosthesis has restored a full working vision but the field has shown a renewed interest these last years thanks to wireless and technological advances. However, several scientific and technical challenges are still open in order to achieve the therapeutic benefit expected by these new devices. One of the main challenges is the electrical stimulation of the brain itself. In this review, we analyze the results in electrode-based visual cortical prosthetics from the electrical point of view. We first briefly describe what is known about the electrode-tissue interface and safety of electrical stimulation. Then we focus on the psychophysics of prosthetic vision and the state-of-the-art on the interplay between the electrical stimulation of the visual cortex and phosphene perception. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of visual cortex electrical stimulation and electrode array design to develop the new generation implantable cortical visual prostheses.
The Effect of Ni-Modified LSFCO Promoting Layer on the Gas Produced Through Co-Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Lo Faro Massimiliano , Campagna Zignani Sabrina , Antonucci Vincenzo , Aricò Antonino Salvatore
Published: December 2020

The co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O at intermediate temperature is a viable approach for the power-to-gas conversion that deserves for further investigation, considering the need for green energy storage. The commercial solid oxide electrolyser is a promising device, but it is still facing to solve issues concerning the high operating temperatures and the improvement of gas value. In this paper we reported the recent findings of a simple approach that we have amply suggested for solid oxide cells consisting in the addition of a functional layer coated to the fuel electrode of commercial electrochemical cells. This approach simplifies the transition to the next generation of cells manufactured with the most promising materials currently developed and improves the gas value in the outlet stream of cell. Here, the material in use as a coating layer consisted of a Ni-modified La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3 which was developed and demonstrated as promising fuel electrode for solid oxide fuel cells. The results discussed in this paper proved the positive role of Ni-modified perovskite as a coating layer for the cathode, since an improvement of about twice was obtained about the quality of gas produced.
An Adaptive Controller for DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System
Authors: Ram Atma , Sharma Parsh Ram , Ahuja Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

An adaptive control technique has been implemented for DSTATCOM for power quality enhancement in three phase four wires(3P4W) distribution system. The reference source currents are extracted from active components of load current for each phase by using this technique. It has also been used for load balancing, harmonic suppression, power factor improvement and reactive power compensation in distribution system. The adaptive control technique has been tested at varying load in steady state and dynamic conditions. This technique is developed using MATLAB/Simulink and source side harmonics are mitigated under different load conditions which are acceptable in accordance with IEEE standard.
Unfolded Protein Response and Crohn’s Diseases: A Molecular Mechanism of Wound Healing in the Gut
Authors: Li Chao
Published: December 2020

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers a series of signaling and transcriptional events termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe ER stress is associated with the development of fibrosis in different organs including lung, liver, kidney, heart, and intestine. ER stress is an essential response of epithelial and immune cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease. Intestinal epithelial cells are susceptible to ER stress-mediated damage due to secretion of a large amount of proteins that are involved in mucosal defense. In other cells, ER stress is linked to myofibroblast activation, extracellular matrix production, macrophage polarization, and immune cell differentiation. This review focuses on the role of UPR in the pathogenesis in IBD from immunologic perspective. The roles of macrophage and mesenchymal cells in the UPR from in vitro and in vivo animal models are discussed. The links between ER stress and other signaling pathways such as senescence and autophagy are introduced. Recent advances in the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of UPR signaling are reported. The future directions of the development of the UPR research and therapeutic strategies to manipulate ER stress levels are also reviewed.