bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Multidisciplinary Approaches in the Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure and Coagulopathy of COVID-19
Authors: Gryglewska-Wawrzak Katarzyna , Cienkowski Krzysztof , Cienkowska Alicja , Banach Maciej , Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Heart failure (HF) is associated with a worse prognosis for patients with this viral infection, highlighting the importance of early detection and effective treatment strategies. HF can also be a consequence of COVID-19-related myocardial damage. To optimise the treatment of these patients, one needs to understand the interactions between this disease and viruses. Until now, the validity of the screening for cardiovascular complications after COVID-19 has not been confirmed. There were also no patients in whom such diagnostics seemed appropriate. Until appropriate recommendations are made, diagnosis procedures must be individualised based on the course of the acute phase and clinical symptoms reported or submitted after COVID-19. Clinical phenomena are the criteria for determining the recommended test panel. We present a structured approach to COVID-19 patients with heart involvement.
Impact of Cross-Linking Procedure on Perioperative Quality of Life in Keratoconus Patients
Authors: Marx-Gross Susanne , Kroell Angelina , Wollschlaeger Daniel , Schuster Alexander K. , Riedl Jana C. , Wasielica-Poslednik Joanna , Pfeiffer Norbert
Published: June 2023

Background: To evaluate the effect of crosslinking (CXL) with riboflavin for keratoconus (KC) therapy on quality of life (QoL): comparison of keratoconus patients with and without treatment. Methods: Prospective monocentric study. We recruited patients with progressive KC and with stable disease. Patients with progressive disease received cross-linking treatment; patients with stable disease were monitored. We compared QoL in both groups over 6 months and detected the influence of cross-linking treatment on QoL. QoL was assessed by NEI-VFQ-25, EQ-5D 5L, and EQ-Visual analog scale (VAS). In the evaluation of the Nei VFQ, the subgroups LFVFS and LFSES were calculated. Results: We enrolled 31 eyes of 31 patients in the intervention group and 37 eyes of 37 patients in the control group. Medians with standard deviations (SD) were calculated. All QoL-tests showed equal scores at baseline in both groups. At V2, one day after the treatment, EQ-VAS (56.4), LFVFS (57.4), and EQ5D5L (0.59) were significantly reduced. At V3 (one week after treatment), all results returned to baseline level. LFSES was not affected by the treatment. It remained stable (V2 85.4, V3 84.3). Comparing the baseline scores with the follow-up scores at month 6, we found a significant increase in QoL in all tests in the intervention group. Otherwise, the quality of life in the control group did not change over time. Conclusions: Cross-linking led only to a short-term reduction in QoL. Although the treatment is painful for a few days, no effect on general quality of life LVSES has been demonstrated. QoL already returned to baseline after one week and the patients were not limited anymore.
Placental Angiodysplasia: A New Sign for Prediction of Fetal Outcome?
Authors: Marzullo Andrea , Vitelli Emmanuela , Cazzato Gerardo , Fanelli Margherita , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Vimercati Antonella , Rossi Roberta , Resta Leonardo
Published: June 2023

The study of the placenta is of great importance, not only in the attempt to understand the etiopathogenesis of various maternal-fetal pathologies, but also in the attempt to understand whether it is possible to find the cause of pathological neonatal outcomes. On the other hand, abnormalities of blood vessel formation, such as angiodysplasias, have been poorly characterised in the literature, and there is a need for more studies investigating the potential impact on the fetus. In this paper, we retrospectively analysed 2063 placentas received at the Department of Pathology of the University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, among which we identified 70 placentas affected by angiodysplasia. On these placentas, we carried out histochemical staining with Masson’s Trichrome, orcein-alcian blue, and, subsequently, immunostaining with anti-CD31, CD34, and desmin and actin muscle smoothness antibodies. Finally, we performed a morphometric analysis on the allantochorionic and truncal vessels and correlated the results with neonatal outcomes. We studied the characteristics of the angiodysplasias in detail, dividing the patients into two classes (A and B) according to the morphology and histochemical characteristics of the affected vessels; statistical analysis reported a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the ratio of maximum thickness to maximum diameter (Tmax/Dmax) and neonatal outcome, with only 30% physiological outcome in the cohort of the placentas affected by angiodysplasia. These results shed light on a rather neglected aspect in the 2015 Amsterdam Classification, as well as in the literature, and provided strong evidence that placental angiodysplasia is predictive of an increased likelihood of the pathological fetal outcome, while other factors remain in the field. Studies with larger case series and guidelines with more attention to these aspects are mandated to further investigate the predictive potential of this pathology.
Development of Machine-Learning Models for Tinnitus-Related Distress Classification Using Wavelet-Transformed Auditory Evoked Potential Signals and Clinical Data
Authors: Manta Ourania , Sarafidis Michail , Schlee Winfried , Mazurek Birgit , Matsopoulos George K. , Koutsouris Dimitrios D.
Published: June 2023

Tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition, affecting more than 1 in 7 adults in the EU and causing negative effects on sufferers’ quality of life. In this study, we utilised data collected within the “UNITI” project, the largest EU tinnitus-related research programme. Initially, we extracted characteristics from both auditory brainstem response (ABR) and auditory middle latency response (AMLR) signals, which were derived from tinnitus patients. We then combined these features with the patients’ clinical data, and integrated them to build machine learning models for the classification of individuals and their ears according to their level of tinnitus-related distress. Several models were developed and tested on different datasets to determine the most relevant features and achieve high performances. Specifically, seven widely used classifiers were utilised on all generated datasets: random forest (RF), linear, radial, and polynomial support vector machines (SVM), naive bayes (NB), neural networks (NN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Results showed that features extracted from the wavelet-scattering transformed AMLR signals were the most informative data. In combination with the 15 LASSO-selected clinical features, the SVM classifier achieved optimal performance with an AUC value, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.53%, 84.84%, and 83.04%, respectively, indicating high discrimination performance between the two groups.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Acts as Signaling Mediator to Modulate Human Sperm Performance via Targeting Akt, JNK and IRS-1 Cell Signaling Cascades: Novel Insights into Sperm Physiopathology
Authors: Castiglione Roberto , Vivacqua Adele , Santoro Marta , De Rose Daniela , Peluso Giuseppina , Panza Salvatore , Aquila Saveria , D’Agata Rosario
Published: June 2023

Recent evidence suggests that the male gonad is a potential target of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We investigated the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on sperm function and the molecular mechanisms through which it may act. Semen samples of healthy men were incubated in the presence or absence of a GLP-1 mimetic analog, exendin-4 (Exe). In a different analysis, sperm were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) alone and, in some tubes, TNF-α was added after previous exposure to exendin-4 (Exe). Sperm parameters and protein-kinase B (p-Akt), insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312), and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185) were considered and evaluated. Sperm parameters, when incubated for 4 h in a simple defined balanced salt solution lacking protein, declined progressively with incubation time. The maximum decline was associated with a significant decrease in phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), concomitantly to an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 (p-IRS-1 Ser312) and c Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185). Preincubation with exendin-4 (Exe) prevented this decline and maintained sperm motility (progressive—PM and total—TM). TNF-α exposure resulted in decreased sperm motility (PM and TM) and viability (V) in a concentration-dependent manner. Exe addition attenuated this TNF-α negative effect on sperm parameters. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) also acts by reducing levels of the “negative” kinases p-IRS-1Ser312 and p-JNK. An imbalance involving these three kinases in sperm, as it occurs in somatic cells, is a novel scenario that may participate in sperm physiopathology.
CAD/CAM Abutments in the Esthetic Zone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Soft Tissue Stability
Authors: Lops Diego , Romeo Eugenio , Mensi Magda , Troiano Giuseppe , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Del Fabbro Massimo , Palazzolo Antonino
Published: June 2023

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing customized abutments are increasingly used in everyday clinical practice. Nevertheless, solid scientific evidence is currently lacking regarding their potential advantages in terms of soft tissue stability. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the soft tissue outcomes of prefabricated versus customized (CAD/CAM) abutments. The present review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020161875) and the protocol was developed according to the PRISMA statement. An electronic search was performed on three databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central) up to May 2023. Data extraction was followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the included studies. Three randomized controlled clinical trials and three controlled clinical trials (number of patients = 230; number of dental implants = 230) with a follow-up of between 12 and 36 months were included. No significant differences were observed between prefabricated versus customized (CAD/CAM) abutments regarding midfacial mucosal recession, interproximal papillae and pink aesthetic score (PES) after 12 months. Conclusion: The potential benefits of CAD/CAM abutments on soft tissues should be better clarified in future investigations. The usage of customized CAD/CAM abutments in everyday clinical practice should be based on a careful case-by-case evaluation (CRD42020161875).
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and In-Hospital Mortality in Bacteremic Sepsis
Authors: Lebovitz Shalom , Rozen Guy , Abu Ghosh Zahi , Korem Maya , Elinav Hila , Zayyad Hiba , Carasso Shemy , Planer David , Amir Offer , Elbaz-Greener Gabby
Published: June 2023

Background: The association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and clinical outcomes following sepsis continues to be debated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and in-hospital clinical course and mortality in patients hospitalized with bacteremic sepsis using real-world data. Methods: A sampled cohort of patients hospitalized with bacteremic sepsis between October 2015 and December 2016 was identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. In-hospital mortality and length of stay were defined as the relevant outcomes. Patients were divided into 6 BMI (kg/m2) subgroups; (1) underweight ≤ 19, (2) normal-weight 20–25, (3) over-weight 26–30, (4) obese I 31–35, (5) obese II 36–39, and (6) obese stage III ≥ 40. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to find predictors of mortality, and a linear regression model was used to find predictors of an extended length of stay (LOS). Results: An estimated total of 90,760 hospitalizations for bacteremic sepsis across the U.S. were analyzed. The data showed a reverse-J-shaped relationship between BMI and study population outcomes, with the underweight patients (BMI ≤ 19 kg/m2) suffering from higher mortality and longer LOS as did the normal-weight patients (BMI 20–25 kg/m2) when compared to the higher BMI groups. The seemingly protective effect of a higher BMI diminished in the highest BMI group (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). In the multivariable regression model, BMI subgroups of ≤19 kg/m2 and ≥40 kg/m2 were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: A reverse-J-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality was documented, confirming the “obesity paradox” in the real-world setting in patients hospitalized for sepsis and bacteremia.
Incidence and Prognostic Factors of Painful Vertebral Compression Fracture Caused by Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Ito Kei , Taguchi Kentaro , Nakajima Yujiro , Ogawa Hiroaki , Sugita Shurei , Murofushi Keiko Nemoto
Published: June 2023

Most studies of vertebral compression fractures (VCF) caused by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) do not discuss the symptoms of this complication. In this paper, we aimed to determine the rate and prognostic factors of painful VCF caused by SBRT for spinal metastases. Spinal segments with VCF in patients treated with spine SBRT between 2013 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary endpoint was the rate of painful VCF (grades 2–3). Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated as prognosticators. In total, 779 spinal segments in 391 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up after SBRT was 18 (range: 1–107) months. Sixty iatrogenic VCFs (7.7%) were identified. The rate of painful VCF was 2.4% (19/779). Eight (1.0%) VCFs required surgery for internal fixation or spinal canal decompression. The painful VCF rate was significantly higher in patients with no posterolateral tumor involvement than in those with bilateral or unilateral involvement (50% vs. 23%; p = 0.042); it was also higher in patients with spine without fixation than in those with fixation (44% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). Painful VCFs were confirmed in only 2.4% of all the irradiated spinal segments. The absence of posterolateral tumor involvement and no fixation was significantly associated with painful VCF.
A Review of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Al Kuwaiti Ahmed , Nazer Khalid , Al-Reedy Abdullah , Al-Shehri Shaher , Al-Muhanna Afnan , Subbarayalu Arun Vijay , Al Muhanna Dhoha , Al-Muhanna Fahad A.
Published: June 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have transformed healthcare. This study is based on a general literature review uncovering the role of AI in healthcare and focuses on the following key aspects: (i) medical imaging and diagnostics, (ii) virtual patient care, (iii) medical research and drug discovery, (iv) patient engagement and compliance, (v) rehabilitation, and (vi) other administrative applications. The impact of AI is observed in detecting clinical conditions in medical imaging and diagnostic services, controlling the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with early diagnosis, providing virtual patient care using AI-powered tools, managing electronic health records, augmenting patient engagement and compliance with the treatment plan, reducing the administrative workload of healthcare professionals (HCPs), discovering new drugs and vaccines, spotting medical prescription errors, extensive data storage and analysis, and technology-assisted rehabilitation. Nevertheless, this science pitch meets several technical, ethical, and social challenges, including privacy, safety, the right to decide and try, costs, information and consent, access, and efficacy, while integrating AI into healthcare. The governance of AI applications is crucial for patient safety and accountability and for raising HCPs’ belief in enhancing acceptance and boosting significant health consequences. Effective governance is a prerequisite to precisely address regulatory, ethical, and trust issues while advancing the acceptance and implementation of AI. Since COVID-19 hit the global health system, the concept of AI has created a revolution in healthcare, and such an uprising could be another step forward to meet future healthcare needs.
Comparative Resilience Evaluation—Case Study for Six Cities in China, Europe, and the Americas
Authors: Oliveira Bruno , Fath Brian D.
Published: June 2023

The historical development of the urban realm has brought marvelous benefits to humankind, which has profited from the infrastructure, services, and social networks provided by cities. Nonetheless, considering current and future risks, understanding how cities can absorb impacts and reorganize their structure while keeping their identities is fundamental and timely. In other words, understanding how to promote resilience is crucial. This study developed a comparative urban resilience index (CURI) formed by 29 indicators and applied it to case studies in Europe, China, and the Americas (Malmö, Vienna, Beijing, Shanghai, Baltimore, and São Paulo). An innovative identity dimension was built to embrace the cultural traits of studied cities. Results point to a systemic property of CURI when comparing cities in both timeframes (2000 and 2020). In addition, two groups were formed: Malmö, Beijing, and Baltimore increased their resilience due to higher performance in at least two dimensions; Shanghai, Vienna, and São Paulo decreased their resilience due to lower performance in at least three dimensions. Ranking the data in terms of the benchmark promoted a quick understanding of which city is the “best in class” for each dimension, creating a clear way forward for other cities to follow.
Disability-Specific Sporting Competitions and the UN CRPD: Segregation as Inclusion?
Authors: Beekman Rinke , De Keyzer Frea , Opgenhaffen Tim
Published: June 2023

Since the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was created, segregation of persons with disabilities is no longer allowed. Separate schools, sheltered workshops, and isolated social care homes impede inclusion and must be banned. Sport is a remarkable exception to this general principle. The CRPD explicitly states that persons with disabilities should have the opportunity to organize, develop, and participate in disability-specific sporting activities. This contribution—focusing on the Paralympics and Special Olympics—examines why the CRPD allows and encourages disability-specific sporting competitions, despite (or perhaps due to) its radical choice for inclusion. Beyond that, this contribution asks the obvious follow-up question: if disability-specific competitions are allowed, how can the criteria for participation be determined in a manner consistent with the CRPD? The CRPD opposes a medical approach to disability, yet that approach is often used in selection criteria. Although this contribution primarily focuses on sports, the impact is wider: it raises questions on inclusion and how to assess disability.
The Rare Condition of Left Ventricular Non-Compaction and Reverse Remodeling
Authors: Bustea Cristiana , Bungau Alexa Florina , Tit Delia Mirela , Iovanovici Diana Carina , Toma Mirela Marioara , Bungau Simona Gabriela , Radu Andrei-Flavius , Behl Tapan , Cote Adrian , Babes Elena Emilia
Published: June 2023

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare disease defined by morphological criteria, consisting of a two-layered ventricular wall, a thin compacted epicardial layer, and a thick hyper-trabeculated myocardium layer with deep recesses. Controversies still exist regarding whether it is a distinct cardiomyopathy (CM) or a morphological trait of different conditions. This review analyzes data from the literature regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in LVNC and the current knowledge regarding reverse remodeling in this form of CM. Furthermore, for clear exemplification, we report a case of a 41-year-old male who presented symptoms of heart failure (HF). LVNC CM was suspected at the time of transthoracic echocardiography and was subsequently confirmed upon cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A favorable remodeling and clinical outcome were registered after including an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor in the HF treatment. LVNC remains a heterogenous CM, and although a favorable outcome is not commonly encountered, some patients respond well to therapy.
The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance
Authors: Sinha Susmita , Haque Mainul , Lugova Halyna , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2023

Insulin resistance is a critical pathophysiological process in the onset and advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is well-recognized that alterations in the metabolism of lipids and aberrant fat buildup effectively trigger the development of resistance to insulin. Adjusting one’s eating habits and managing weight appropriately are crucial for treating, controlling, and reducing the risk of T2DM because obesity and a lack of physical exercise are the primary factors responsible for the worldwide rise in T2DM. Omega-3 fatty acid is one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that include long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, commonly found in fish oils. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 3 and 6 PUFAs) are essential for human health because they serve as metabolic precursors of eicosanoids, a class of signaling molecules that are essential for controlling a body’s inflammation. Since humans are unable to produce any of the omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs, they both constitute imperative nutritional ingredients. Long-standing concerns about long-chain omega-3 fatty acids’ impact on diabetes management have been supported by experimental investigations that found significant increases in fasting glucose following omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and foods rich in PUFA and omega-3 fatty acid. Cellular explanations to explain the connection between inflammation and IR include mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress. Modifications in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes and/or receptor-mediated signaling may be part of the mechanism behind the activation of mitochondrial fusion by fish oil/omega-3 PUFA. The exact molecular processes by which omega-3 PUFAs control mitochondrial activity to defend against IR are still unknown.
Rolling Contact Fatigue and White Etching Cracks of Bearings
Authors: Holweger Walter Martin , Gegner Jürgen
Published: June 2023

Lubricants have taken a leading role as drive- train system components in recent years, mainly attributed to their viscosity as a quality criterion [...]
Approaches for Preventing Tool Wear in Sheet Metal Forming Processes
Authors: Trzepieciński Tomasz
Published: June 2023

Sheet metal forming processes, the purpose of which is to give the shaped material appropriate mechanical, dimensional and shape properties, are characterised by different values of unit pressures and lubrication conditions. Increasing the efficiency of tool work by increasing their durability, efficiency and reliability is still one of the main indicators of increasing production efficiency. Tool wear in metal forming technologies significantly differs from the character of wear in other methods of metalworking, such as machining. This article presents the characteristics of tool wear mechanisms used in sheet metal forming. Possibilities of increasing the durability of tools by applying coatings produced by laser techniques, chemical vapour deposition and chemical vapour deposition are also discussed. Great emphasis is placed on self-lubricating and functional materials and coatings. Current trends in lubricants and lubrication methods in sheet forming, including tool texturing, are also presented.
Optimizing the Neural Network Architecture for Automation of the Tailored UV Post-Treatment of Photopolymer Printing Plates
Authors: Donevski Davor , Tomašegović Tamara , Mahović Poljaček Sanja
Published: June 2023

In this work, three types of photopolymer printing plates for packaging printing were subjected to varied UV (ultraviolet radiation) post-treatments, and their surface free energy (SFE) components were calculated. SFE of the photopolymer printing plate is crucial in the process of transferring the ink from the printing plate to the substrate. Calculated polar and dispersive SFE components were used to build and optimize artificial neural networks for the prediction of the surface properties of different photopolymer materials after the performed UVA and UVC post-treatments. In this way, the production of printing plates with tailored SFE components could be automated and optimized. Consequently, products with improved qualitative properties could be printed. Results of the research have shown that the choice of the neural network’s activation function is most significant for the minimization of the mean squared error (MSE), while the number of neurons and hidden layers in neural networks has less influence on MSE. The optimized neural networks applied for common photopolymer materials in this work have the potential to be applied for the automation of the printing plates’ post-treatment process and the production of printing plates with surface properties tailored to specific printing systems.
Fixed Point Theorems of Almost Generalized Contractive Mappings in b-Metric Spaces and an Application to Integral Equation
Authors: Seshagiri Rao N. , Mitrović Zoran D. , Santina Dania , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: June 2023

In this study, we have new fixed point results for weak contraction mappings in complete and partially ordered b-metric spaces. Our findings expand and generalize the results of Jachymski and Mituku et al and many more results in the literature as well. To illustrate our work, we present an application on the existence and uniqueness of a nonlinear quadratic integral problem solution. Moreover, an open problem is presented to enable the scope for future research in this area.
Design and Synthesis of New 4-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)Thiazole–Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: El-Damasy Ashraf K. , Jin Heewon , Sabry Mohamed A. , Kim Hyun Ji , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Seo Seon Hee , Bang Eun-Kyoung , Keum Gyochang
Published: June 2023

A new series of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl thiazole pyrimidines has been synthesized and biologically evaluated for its in vitro anticancer activity. Compounds 4a, 4b, and 4h with substituted piperazine showed the best antiproliferative activity. In the NCI-60 cell line screening, compound 4b showed promising cytostatic activity against multiple cell lines. Notably, it elicited a GI value of 86.28% against the NSCL cancer cell line HOP-92 at a 10 μM dose. Compounds 4a and 4h at 10 μM showed promising GI values of 40.87% and 46.14% against HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines, respectively. ADME-Tox prediction of compounds 4a, 4b, and 4h revealed their acceptable drug-likeness properties. In addition, compounds 4a, 4b, and 4h showed a high probability of targeting kinase receptors via Molinspiration and Swiss TargetPrediction.
Incidental Axillary Dose of Tomotherapy in Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Dosimetrical Analysis
Authors: Yeo Seung-Gu , Lim Cheol Wan , Hur Sung-Mo , Kim Zisun , Cho Kwang Hwan , Kim Min-Jeong
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is becoming a more common method of performing whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the incidental dose to the axillary region using tomotherapy, a unique form of IMRT. Patients and Methods: This study included 30 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent adjuvant WBI using TomoDirect IMRT. A hypofractionation scheme of 42.4 Gy delivered in 16 fractions was prescribed. The plan comprised of two parallel-opposed beams, along with two additional beams positioned anteriorly at gantry angles of 20° and 40° from the medial beam. The incidental dose received at axillary levels I, II, and III was evaluated using several dose-volume parameters. Results: The study participants had a median age of 51 years, and 60% had left-sided breast cancer. The mean dose of the axilla for levels I, II, and III were 15.5 ± 4.8 Gy, 14.9 ± 4.2 Gy, and 1.5 ± 1.6 Gy, respectively. Adequate coverage of the axilla, defined as V95%[%], was achieved for 4.7 ± 3.9%, 4.8 ± 3.7%, and 0 ± 0% for levels I, II, and III, respectively. The results were compared with those of previously published studies, and the axillary mean dose and V95%[%] of TomoDirect IMRT were low, comparable to other IMRT techniques, and lower than those of traditional tangential therapy. Conclusions: While incidental axillary radiation during WBI has been proposed to assist in regional disease control, the TomoDirect plan was demonstrated to decrease this dose, and a hypofractionation scheme would further lower its biological effectiveness. Future clinical studies should incorporate dosimetrical analysis of incidental axillary dose, in order to facilitate hypofractionated IMRT planning with risk-adjusted axilla coverage in early breast cancer.
BRAF V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients
Authors: Ahn Hyo Yeong , Lee Chang Hun , Lee Min Ki , Eom Jung Seop , Jeong Yeon Joo , Kim Yeong Dae , Cho Jeong Su , Lee Jonggeun , Lee So Jeong , Shin Dong Hoon , Kim Ahrong
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: BRAF mutational status in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Korean population is poorly understood. We explored BRAF (particularly BRAF V600E) mutational status among Korean patients with NSCLC. Materials and Methods: This study included 378 patients with resected primary NSCLC who were enrolled from January 2015 to December 2017. The authors obtained formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks and performed peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting BRAF V600, real-time PCR for detecting BRAF V600E, and immunohistochemical analyses using the mutation-specific Ventana VE1 monoclonal antibody. For positive cases in any methods mentioned above, direct Sanger sequencing was additionally performed. Results: The PNA-clamping method revealed the BRAF V600 mutation in 5 (1.3%) of the 378 patients. Among these five patients, real-time PCR, direct Sanger sequencing detected BRAF V600E mutations in three (0.8%) patients. Thus, two cases showed differences in their PNA-clamping and the others. Direct Sanger sequencing of PNA-clamping PCR product was performed for two cases showing negative results on direct Sanger sequencing; both contained BRAF mutations other than V600E. All patients harboring BRAF mutations had adenocarcinomas, and all patients with V600E mutation exhibited minor micropapillary components. Conclusions: Despite the low incidence of the BRAF mutation among Korean patients with NSCLC, lung adenocarcinoma patients with micropapillary components should be prioritized in terms of BRAF mutation testing. Immunohistochemical staining using Ventana VE1 antibody may serve as a screening examination for BRAF V600E.
Natural Polyphenols and the Corrosion Protection of Steel: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives for Green and Promising Strategies
Authors: Sesia Rossella , Spriano Silvia , Sangermano Marco , Ferraris Sara
Published: June 2023

Corrosion is recognized as an unavoidable phenomenon and steel, particularly carbon steel, is strongly susceptible to corrosion. Corrosion damages cause serious material, energy, and economic losses as well as negative impacts on the environment. As a result, research interest has been focused on the development of effective corrosion prevention strategies. However, some of the most commonly used corrosion inhibitors, such as chromates and pyridines, are harmful to human and environmental health. Polyphenols are natural, non-toxic, and biodegradable compounds from plant sources or agricultural by-products. Polyphenols’ chelating capacity has been acknowledged since the 1990s, and tannins, in particular, have been widely exploited as green rust converters in phosphoric acid-based formulations to recover rusty steel. Polyphenolic compounds have recently been investigated as a method of corrosion prevention. This review overviews not only the polyphenolic rust converters, but also the application of green anticorrosive coatings containing polyphenols. Moreover, polyphenols were discussed as an active component in corrosion-inhibiting primers to also promote strong adhesion between the steel surface and the topcoat layer. Finally, an overview of the use of polyphenolic additives in coatings as sustainable systems to improve corrosion resistance is provided.
Prediction of Limiting Casting Speed in a Horizontal Direct-Chill Casting through Numerical Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Ufodike Chukwuzubelu Okenwa , Nzebuka Gaius Chukwuka , Egole Chijioke Peter
Published: June 2023

Limiting casting expression speed was obtained and the flow redistribution and thermal history in a horizontal direct-chill (HDC) casting was predicted using the numerical modeling approach. The governing solidification equations were non-dimensionalized to understand the relevant contribution of each term in the solidification processes in the HDC system. The effect of an increase in the casting speed on the flow characteristics and sump length was represented by the Péclet number Pe. Details of the simulation reveal that at a low Pe, the natural convective flow creates minor counter-clockwise recirculating cells in the lower half of the HDC domain. However, at a Pe above 82.75, the minor recirculating cells disappear due to the strong forced convective flow from the upstream. Additionally, an increase in the Pe increases the sump length, strength, and spread of the turbulence field within and beyond the mold region. The limiting casting conditions are computed by predicting the sump length over which the alloy temperature is above the solidus temperature. This gives a simple relation for the casting speed as a function of the geometrical data and the alloy properties. The current work is useful to casting engineers who always rely on trial and error in choosing a new casting speed whenever a new alloy is to be produced. Hence, with the new information and the casting speed relations, it is possible and easy to predict the operating window over which melt break-out can occur during HDC.
Decrease in the Ratio proBDNF/BDNF in the Urine of Aging Female Patients with OAB
Authors: Covarrubias Claudia , Cammisotto Philippe G , Shamout Samer , Campeau Lysanne
Published: June 2023

Imbalance in the levels of neurotrophins, growth factors crucial in the development, function, and survival of neurons is commonly observed in many pathological states. Concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor (proBDNF) were measured in the urine of a cohort of aging female patients with overactive bladder disease (OAB). When reported to creatinine, levels were similar between OAB patients and healthy controls. However, the ratio proBDNF/BDNF was significantly decreased in the OAB group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the ratio proBDNF/BDNF displayed a good diagnostic value for OAB (AUC = 0.729). Clinical questionnaires of symptom severity (OABSS and IIQ-7) were negatively correlated with this ratio. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNA) involved in proBDNF gene translation were expressed at comparable levels between groups. However, urinary enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), the enzyme that cleaves proBDNF into BDNF, was increased in OAB compared to controls. Levels of miR-491-5p, the main miRNA that downregulates MMP-9 synthesis, were greatly decreased in urine from OAB patients. These results suggest that the ratio proBDNF/BDNF could be useful in the phenotyping of OAB in an aging population, and the difference could originate from enhanced MMP-9 enzymatic activity rather than translational control.
Elemental Composition of Plankton Exometabolites (Mucous Macroaggregates): Control by Biogenic and Lithogenic Components
Authors: Kovač Nives , Viers Jérôme , Faganeli Jadran , Bajt Oliver , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: June 2023

Among the various exometabolitic effects of marine microorganisms, massive mucilage events in the coastal zones of temperate and tropical seas are the most spectacular and environmentally important. Abundant mucilage material in the form of aggregates appears in late spring/early summer in the water column of the Adriatic Sea. These macroaggregate biopolymers originate mainly from plankton exometabolites, with both autochthonous and allochthonous components, and strongly impact the tourism, fisheries, and economy of coastal countries. In contrast to extensive studies on the structural and chemical nature of macroaggregates performed over past decades, the full elemental composition of these substances remains poorly known, which does not allow for a complete understanding of their origin, evolution, and necessary remediation measures. Here, we report the results of comprehensive analyses of 55 major and trace elements in the composition of macro aggregates collected at the surface and in the water column during massive mucilage events. Through normalization of the elemental chemical composition of the upper earth crust (UCC), river suspended material (RSM), mean oceanic plankton, and mean oceanic particulate suspended material, we demonstrate that the water column macroaggregates reflect a superposition of the signal from plankton and marine particulate matter. The surface macroaggregates were preferentially enriched in lithogenic component, and carried the signature of planktonic material. The rare earth element (REE) signal was strongly dominated by plankton and, to a lesser degree, by oceanic particulate matter, while at the same time being strongly (>80 times) impoverished compared with UCC and RSM. Taken together, the elemental composition of macroaggregates allows for distinguishing the lithogenic and biogenic impacts on the occurrence of these unique large-scale mucilage events, linked to the exometabolism of marine plankton combined with the input of allochthonous inorganic material.
Effect of CuO Nanoparticles on the Optical, Structural, and Electrical Properties in the PMMA/PVDF Nanocomposite
Authors: Trabelsi Amira , Mostafa Ayman , Alkallas Fatemah , Elsharkawy W. , Al-Ahmadi Ameenah , Ahmed Hoda , Nafee Sherif , Pashameah Rami , Mwafy Eman
Published: June 2023

A polymeric nanocomposite film, composed of PMMA/PVDF and different amounts of CuO NPs, was successfully prepared using the casting method to enhance its electrical conductivity. Various techniques were employed to investigate their physicochemical properties. The addition of CuO NPs causes a noticeable difference in the intensities and locations of vibrational peaks in all bands, confirming the incorporation of CuO NPs inside the PVDF/PMMA. In addition, the broadening of the peak at 2θ = 20.6° becomes more intense with increasing amounts of CuO NPs, confirming the increase in the amorphous characteristic of PMMA/PVDF incorporated with CuO NPs in comparison with PMMA/PVDF. Furthermore, the image of the polymeric structure exhibits a smoother shape and interconnection of pore structure associated with spherical particles that agglomerate and give rise to a web-like organization that becomes a matrix. Increasing surface roughness is responsible for an increasing surface area. Moreover, the addition of CuO NPs in the PMMA/PVDF leads to a decrease in the energy band gap, and further increasing the additional amounts of CuO NPs causes the generation of localized states between the valence and conduction bands. Furthermore, the dielectric investigation shows an increase in the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and electric conductivity, which may be an indication of an increase in the degree of disorder that confines the movement of charge carriers and demonstrates the creation of an interconnected percolating chain, enhancing its conductivity values compared with that without the incorporation of a matrix.
Special Issue on “Entomopathogenic Fungi: Ecology, Evolution, Adaptation”: An Editorial
Authors: Kryukov Vadim Yu , Glupov Viktor V.
Published: June 2023

Entomopathogenic endophytic ascomycetes are the most widespread and commercially promising fungi and are used to solve many problems in basic and applied research in ecology, evolution, and agricultural sciences [...]
Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Farmed Green Mussels in Singapore
Authors: Ong Hong Ming Glendon , Zhong Yang , Hu Chengcheng , Ong Kar Hui , Khor Wei Ching , Schlundt Joergen , Aung Kyaw Thu
Published: June 2023

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, commonly found in seafood products, is responsible for gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of undercooked seafood. Hence, there is a need to characterize and quantify the risk involved from this pathogen. However, there has been no study reporting the quantification of hemolytic antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in locally farmed shellfish in Singapore. In this study, ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracycline resistant, and non-AMR hemolytic V. parahaemolyticus were surveyed and quantified in green mussel samples from different premises in the food chain (farm and retail). The occurrence data showed that 31/45 (68.9%) of farmed green mussel samples, 6/6 (100%) farm water samples, and 41/45 (91.1%) retail shellfish samples detected the presence of hemolytic V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus counts ranged from 1.6–5.9 Log CFU/g in the retail shellfish samples and 1.0–2.9 Log CFU/g in the farm water samples. AMR risk assessments (ARRA), specifically for ampicillin, penicillin G, tetracycline, and hemolytic (non-AMR) scenarios were conducted for the full farm-to-home and partial retail-to-home chains. The hemolytic ARRA scenario estimated an average probability of illness of 5.7 × 10−3 and 1.2 × 10−2 per serving for the full and partial chains, respectively, translating to 165 and 355 annual cases per total population or 2.9 and 6.2 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The average probability of illness per year ratios for the three ARRAs to the hemolytic ARRA were 0.82, 0.81, and 0.47 (ampicillin, penicillin G, and tetracycline, respectively) for the full chain and 0.54, 0.39, and 0.09 (ampicillin, penicillin G, and tetracycline, respectively) for the partial chain. The sensitivity analysis showed that the overall cooking effect, initial concentrations of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, and harvest duration and harvest temperature were key variables influencing the risk estimates in all of the modelled ARRAs. The study findings can be used by relevant stakeholders to make informed decisions for risk management that improve food safety.
Culture-Independent Single-Cell PacBio Sequencing Reveals Epibiotic Variovorax and Nucleus Associated Mycoplasma in the Microbiome of the Marine Benthic Protist Geleia sp. YT (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Bi Luping , Gentekaki Eleni , Zhao Jianmin , Shen Pingping , Zhang Qianqian
Published: June 2023

Microbes in marine sediments constitute up to five-sixths of the planet’s total biomass, but their diversity is little explored, especially for those forming associations with unicellular protists. Heterotrophic ciliates are among the most dominant and diversified marine benthic protists and comprise hotspot niches of bacterial colonization. To date, studies using culture-independent single-cell approaches to explore microbiomes of marine benthic ciliates in nature are almost absent, even for the most ubiquitous species. Here, we characterize the major bacterial groups associated with a representative marine benthic ciliate, Geleia sp. YT, collected directly from the coastal zone of Yantai, China. PacBio sequencing of the nearly full-length 16Sr RNA genes was performed on single cells of Geleia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with genus-specific probes was further applied to locate the dominant bacterial groups. We identified a Variovorax-like bacterium as the major epibiotic symbiont residing in the kineties of the ciliate host. We provide evidence of a nucleus-associated bacterium related to the human pathogen Mycoplasma, which appeared prevalently in the local populations of Geleia sp. YT for 4 months. The most abundant bacterial taxa associated with Geleia sp. YT likely represent its core microbiome, hinting at the important roles of the ciliate-bacteria consortium in the marine benthos. Overall, this work has contributed to the knowledge of the diversity of life in the enigmatic marine benthic ciliate and its symbioses.
Jizerka Gemstone Placer—Possible Links to the Timing of Cenozoic Alkali Basalt Volcanism in Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic
Authors: Klomínský Josef , Sláma Jiří
Published: June 2023

The Jizerka Quaternary alluvial placer in the Czech Republic has been a well-known source of gemstones since the 16th century, and the only one in Europe that has yielded a significant amount of jewel-quality sapphire. Besides Mg-rich ilmenite (“iserine”), which is the most common heavy mineral at the locality, some other minerals have been mined for jewellery purposes. These are corundum (sapphire and ruby varieties), zircon (“hyacinth” gemstone variety) and spinel. Here, we present a detailed petrological and geochronological investigation of the enigmatic relationship between the sapphires and their supposed host rocks, supporting their xenogenetic link. Our hypothesis is based on thermal resetting of the U–Pb isotopic age of the zircon inclusion found inside Jizerka blue sapphire to the estimated time of the anticipated host alkaline basalt intrusion. The host rocks of the gemstones (sapphire and zircon) and Mg-rich ilmenite are not yet known, but could be related to the Cenozoic volcanism located near the Jizerka gem placer (Bukovec diatreme volcano, Pytlácká jáma Pit diatreme and Hruškovy skály basalt pipe). The transport of sapphire, zircon and Mg-rich ilmenite to the surface was connected with serial volcanic events, likely the fast ascent of alkali basalts and formation of multi-explosive diatreme maar structures with later deposition of volcanoclastic material in eluvial and alluvial sediments in nearby areas. All mineral xenocrysts usually show traces of magmatic corrosion textures, indicating disequilibrium with the transporting alkali basalt magma. In order to constrain the provenance and age of the Jizerka placer heavy mineral assemblage, zircon inclusion and associated phases (niobian rutile, baddeleyite and silicate melts) in the blue sapphire have been studied using LA–ICP–MS (laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry) geochemistry and U–Pb in situ dating. Modification of the zircon inclusion into baddeleyite by exposure to temperature above 1400 °C in a basaltic melt is accompanied by zircon U–Pb age resetting. A zircon inclusion in a Jizerka sapphire was dated at 31.2 ± 0.4 Ma, and its baddeleyite rim at 31 ± 16 Ma. The composition of the melt inclusions in sapphire and incorporated niobian rutile suggests that the parental rock of the sapphire was alkali syenite. The Eocene to late Miocene (Messinian) ages of Jizerka zircon are new findings within the Eger Graben structure, as well as among the other sapphire–zircon occurrences within the European Variscides. Jizerka blue sapphire mineral inclusions indicate a provenience of this gemstone mineral assemblage from different parental rocks of unknown age and unknown levels of the upper crust or lithospheric mantle.