bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual massive phytoplankton bloom in the oligotrophic Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Cocquyt Christine , Plisnier Pierre-Denis , Mulimbwa N’sibula , Nshombo Muderhwa
Published: November 2021

Background and aims – Massive algae growth resulting in a phytoplankton bloom is a very rare event in the meromictic and oligotrophic Lake Tanganyika. Such a bloom was observed in the north of the lake in September 2018. Phytoplankton species composition during this bloom is compared to a documented bloom in 1955, and to the composition in September 2011–2013. Meteorological observations suggest hydrodynamics could explain the occurrence of the 2018 bloom.Material and methods – Phytoplankton net samples were taken in the pelagic and littoral zone near Uvira during five consecutive days of the bloom in 2018. For the period 2011–2013, quantitative phytoplankton samples were obtained during a weekly sampling at the same sites. Samples were analysed with an inverted microscope and relative abundances of the algal species were compared. Key results – Dolichospermum flosaquae (Cyanobacteria) initially dominated the bloom followed by high relative abundance of Limnococcus limneticus (Cyanobacteria) on the third sampling day in September 2018. In the pelagic zone an increase of Nitzschia asterionelloides (Bacillariophyta), and Dictyosphaerium and Lobocystis (Chlorophyta) was observed while in the littoral zone increasing abundances of dinophytes were noted. Dolichospermum flosaquae was also responsible for the bloom reported in 1955, but was only sporadically observed in the 2011–2013 samples. Although Limnococcus limneticus was present in 2011–2013, it never reached relative abundances as high as during the 2018 bloom. Meteorological data indicate that 2018 experienced different conditions compared to previous years: strong south-east winds from May to September with a more eastern direction of the wind, and a well-marked drop in atmospheric pressure between August and September.Conclusion – After a very windy season, the combination of strong hydrodynamics, calmer lake conditions, and high solar radiation and air temperature in September 2018 was favourable for a massive Cyanobacteria bloom in the north of Lake Tanganyika.
Une découverte inattendue
Authors: Lena Marco , Manfredi Tiziana
Published: November 2021

Le rêve de chaque historien est de trouver une archive où perdre et passer ses journées, de rester immergé dans des documents, de découvrir des sources historiques inédites et de pouvoir leur donner une nouvelle vie en les valorisant. Imaginons aussi qu’au moment de la trouvaille, l’historien en question n’est même pas en train de chercher des archives, mais le hasard lui permet de faire une découverte exceptionnelle qui dépasse le rêve et s’apparente, osons le dire, à un miracle. C’est dans une telle circonstance qu’en 2009, ma collègue vidéaste, Tiziana Manfredi et moi, comme historien et restaurateur audiovisuel, nous avons découvert l’existence des archives audiovisuelles du Service d’Informations (SI) du Sénégal, et depuis presque deux ans, nous avons pour objectif de donner, avec la Direction de la Cinématographie (DCI) sénégalaise, une nouvelle existence à ces images.
The Central Square: Seaside Lyceum Set-Piece
Authors: Dennis Michael
Published: November 2021

Dhiru ThadaniReflections on Seaside Rizzoli, 2021
A nyilvános megemlékezések kereteinek kialakulása az önkényuralomtól a dualizmus korának kezdeti szakaszáig
Authors: Fabó Edit
Published: November 2021

A Magyarságkutató Intézetben egy olyan emlékezettörténeti kutatás indult, amely az alaposan feltárt magyar dualizmus korának új megvilágítást ad. A korabeli közgondolkodást elsődlegesen a sajtó hasábjai tükrözik, ezért a vizsgálat a korszakon átívelő fontosabb politikai és közművelődési újságokra terjedt ki. A keresett tartalmak két nevezetes történelmi eseményhez köthetőek: az egyik az 1848. március 15-i forradalom napja, a másik az augusztus 20-i Szent István-nap. Míg az augusztus 20-i évforduló központilag bonyolódott egyházi-szakrális keretek között évszázados hagyományok alapján, addig a március 15-i megemlékezések alulról szerveződtek kisebb polgári és egyetemi ifjúsági körökben, asztaltársaságokban, és csupán másfél évtizedes (illegális, tiltott) múlttal rendelkeztek. A résztvevők azonosulhattak azokkal az értékekkel, erényekkel és eszmékkel, amelyeket nemesnek, dicsőségesnek tartottak, és amelyekkel közösséget vállalhattak, megteremtve az összetartozás közös élményét. Az ünnepi alkalmakkor kifejeződhetett az ember, a hit és történelem méltósága, illetve megerősítette azt az identitástudatot, amely a jövő felé mutató orientációs bázist képezi.
„A vágy titokzatos tárgyaiként néztek ránk...” : Modellek, manökenek világa a szocializmus idején
Authors: Kovácsné Magyari Hajnalka
Published: November 2021

Tanulmányom a Kádár-kori modellek világáról szól, mely egyfajta „kapitalista szigetet” képezett a szürke államszocializmusban. Irigyelt és csodált vágyképei voltak ők a magyar társadalomnak, és habár nyugati kollégáikhoz viszonyítva nem voltak annyira megfizetve, hazai körülmények között kivételezett helyzetet élveztek. De miért érdekes és sajátos a manöken-lét az államszocializmusban? Miben volt egyedi az ő életük? Miként próbáltak boldogulni a tervgazdaság és a piacosodás sajátos viszonyai között? Miként formálta megjelenésük a szexualitással kapcsolatos közgondolkozást? És vajon kiterjedt kapcsolatrendszerük miatt megfigyelte-e őket az állambiztonság? Tanulmányomban ezekre a kérdésekre keresem a választ, személyes interjúk, sajtóforrások és levéltári iratok elemzése és feldolgozása segítségével.
Események, sorsok hetven évvel ezelőtt
Authors: Simándi Irén
Published: November 2021

A tanulmány célja az oral history (az elbeszélt történelem) segítségével feleleveníteni a Szabad Európa Rádió hetven évvel ezelőtti indulásánál történt fontosabb eseményeket. A tanulmány elkészítéséhez felhasznált visszaemlékezések bepillantást engednek a magyar emigráció 1945 utáni életébe. Megismerhetünk olyan emberi sorsokat, amelyeket a levéltári dokumentumok nem vagy csak felszínesen tárnak a kutató elé. A rádió egykori munkatársai közül a teljesség igénye nélkül olyan életutak bemutatását vállaltuk, akik a „vállalat” alapításától dolgoztak Münchenben. Közülük sokan írtak rövidebb-hosszabb terjedelmű munkákat a rádiónál töltött évekről. A képen és hangban rögzített visszaemlékezések azonban mélyebb, személyesebb, sok esetben megrázó eseményeket is tartalmaznak. A kutató felelőssége óriási a személyes visszaemlékezések tudományos munkákban történő felhasználása esetén, a feldolgozás során nagy körültekintést és különösen komoly forráskritikát igényelnek. Az események ilyen különleges módon történő felelevenítésén túl emlékezni szeretnénk a rádió munkatársaira, mert akik nemrég még meséltek nekünk, sajnos már nincsenek közöttünk.
A magyar közoktatás dilemmái az 1956-os forradalom után
Authors: Rácz János
Published: November 2021

Az 1956-os forradalmat követően a közoktatásban dolgozó pedagógusok nehéz helyzetben találták magukat. Fegyelmi eljárás, állásvesztés, nyugdíjazás, lefokozás, áthelyezés lebegett a fejük felett. Jóllehet más és más hozzáállást vártak el tőlük nebulóik, a szülők, az éppen formálódó helyi és országos kommunista vezetés. Képtelenségnek tűnt mindenkinek megfelelni. A bizonytalan helyzet és a fenyegetettség miatt sokan passzív magatartást tanúsítottak az új rendszer vezetőivel szemben. 1957 őszére többségük kénytelen-kelletlen alkalmazkodott a körülményekhez, és igyekezett az elvárt magatartást tanúsítani. Az őket ért megtorlási politika komolysága elsősorban a helyi körülményeknek megfelelően alakult, de éppen ezért gyakoriak voltak a túlkapások, valamint a felsőbb és alsóbb politikai vezetés közötti feszültségek és kompromisszumok is befolyásoló tényezőnek tekinthetők. Az iskolák vezetésében végrehajtott politikai indíttatású személycseréknél jóval fontosabb lett volna a közoktatás régi bajainak orvoslása. Az infrastrukturális fejlesztés, a tanterembővítés és iskolaépítés, a második világháború után kialakított teljes hálózat újragondolása. Azaz valódi iskolareformra lett volna szükség. Az oktatással foglalkozó apparátus iratai segítségével a tanulmány bemutatja az 1957 és 1959 között kialakult helyzetet és az arra adott válaszokat.
Traumáink és azok háttere : Bordás Sándor: A magyar kultúra történelmi traumái. Ráció Kiadó, Budapest. 2020. 312 o.
Authors: Rácz János
Published: November 2021

Bordás Sándor könyve egy ilyen úttörő vállalkozás, egy hatalmas csapatmunka dokumentuma, amelyben a pszichológia és a kulturális antropológia alapjainak felhasználásával egy kérdőívekre alapozott elitkutatás eredményeit olvashatjuk. Nem a társadalom teljességét átfogó vizsgálatról, hanem a véleményformálókra kiterjedő mélyfúrásról van szó. Határon innen és túl orvosok, tanárok, polgármesterek, újságírók, papok, lelkészek, vállalkozók, könyvtár-, színház- és levéltár-igazgatók, politikusok, írók töltötték ki a kérdőíveket.
Tocilizumab en casos severos de COVID-19 ¿El tiempo importa?
Authors: Boloña Gilbert Enrique , Félix Romero Miguel , Vanegas Emanuel , Tovar Gavilanes Mónica , Bravo Sánchez Pablo , Peña Morán John , Jáuregui Solórzano José Miguel , Silva Cevallos Danny , Mejía Leiva Daniel , Chérrez-Ojeda Iván
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El objetivo fue evaluar si el momento de la administración del tocilizumab influyó en el desenlace de los pacientes con enfermedad severa por COVID-19.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 56 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de enfermedad pulmonar severa por COVID-19 tratados con corticoesteroides y tocilizumab. Se realizó una correlación biserial para evaluar la relación entre días sintomáticos previos al tratamiento con el estado de supervivencia, y una prueba de chi cuadrado para valorar la asociación entre el dosaje de corticoesteroides/tocilizumab con el estado de supervivencia.
Resultados: Se encontró una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre los días previos a la administración de tocilizumab y el estatus de supervivencia (rpb = -.290, n = 56, p = .030). La asociación entre la dosis de tocilizumab recibida y el estatus de supervivencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (χ2(5) = 3.566, p = .600).
Conclusiones: En el presente estudio determinó que la administración temprana de tocilizumab estaba asociada a una mayor posibilidad de sobrevivir, una observación que no pudo ser reproducida en el caso de los corticoides sistémicos. Es necesaria la realización de estudios adicionales que permitan identificar el tipo de paciente que podría beneficiarse del tratamiento con tocilizumab, y si el tiempo hasta la administración representa un factor importante a tener en consideración.
Fenómeno isquemia/reperfusión en cirugía cardiovascular durante circulación extracorpórea
Authors: Cerón López Eliana
Published: November 2021

El daño miocárdico por isquemia/reperfusión durante la cirugía cardiaca con circulación extracorpórea, se define como un efecto nocivo, inicialmente debido al pinzamiento aórtico, que genera una isquemia cardiaca, seguido del restablecimiento del flujo sanguíneo a células previamente isquémicas.
La cirugía cardiaca ha avanzado durante muchos años con la inclusión de la circulación extracorpórea; sin embargo, su implementación también genera efectos deletéreos en el organismo conllevando a un sinnúmero de reacciones que amplifican el proceso inflamatorio.
Debido a que la isquemia y la reperfusión provocan efectos como acidosis metabólica, generación de ácido láctico, arritmias por reperfusión, liberación de radicales libres de oxígeno, entre otros, se ha visto la necesidad de estudiar este fenómeno e intervenir en estrategias, durante la circulación extracorpórea, encaminadas a contrarrestar lo anteriormente mencionado.
A Crisis-Within-A-Crisis: Food Insecurity in the Era of COVID-19
Authors:   University High School, Fang Juliet
Published: November 2021

In 2019, five million children in the United States did not know if they would receive fresh food and a warm shelter during the holidays. According to the Brookings Institute, this number has increased to more than 13.9 million children in 2020. The short answer for the drastic rise in food insecurity?
Nabilone for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A 2021 Update
Authors: Farrell Keeley , Premji Zahra
Published: November 2021

Two systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria of this report were identified. Within these reviews, the clinical effectiveness of nabilone for the treatment of adult patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated in 1 relevant primary study. This single-arm, open-label study found that most patients with PTSD experienced total cessation or reduction of nightmares following treatment with nabilone. This study lacked a control group, limiting the certainty of these findings.

No evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of nabilone for the treatment of adult patients with PTSD were identified.
CONTRACEPÇÃO HORMONAL ORAL E OS RISCOS ASSOCIADOS AO SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR
Authors: Souza Bruno de Oliveira , Reis Karla Mayne da silva , Araújo Leticia da Silva , Cruz Júnior Raineldes Avelino
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Contraceptivos são métodos utilizados para evitar a gravidez, pois atuam impedindo a fecundação. Os anticoncepcionais hormonais orais, também chamados de pílulas anticoncepcionais são esteroides utilizados isoladamente ou em associação com a finalidade básica de impedir a concepção. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o uso de contraceptivos hormonais orais e os riscos associados ao sistema cardiovascular. Materiais e Método: A pesquisa é uma revisão de literatura bibliográfica de caráter exploratório que buscou dados nos seguintes bancos: PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Mediline e Lilacs (Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências Sociais e da Saúde) compreendidos entre 2010 e 2021. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados na pesquisa foram: artigos de revisão, estudos e casos clínicos (redigidos em português, inglês e espanhol). Como resultados foi possível levantar informações que venham elucidar os riscos do uso hiperbólico de contraceptivos hormonais orais, alertando as mulheres sobre os perigos do uso continuo desses medicamentos. Resultados: Os achados dessa revisão resultaram na certeza de que apesar de cumprirem sua finalidade (evitar a concepção ou tratar casos específicos de transtornos hormonais) os contraceptivos hormonais orais podem trazer riscos à saúde da mulher. Conclusão: Por meio disso, infere-se que o uso regular desses medicamentos deve ser minimizado com a finalidade de coibir danos imediatos ou futuros.
Providing real-time resources in support of LGBTQ+ and HIV+ populations as information experts on the ECHO hub team: a case report
Authors: Menard Laura , Misquith Chelsea
Published: November 2021

Background: Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a telehealth initiative that aims to reduce disparities in delivery of health care by leveraging technology and local expertise to provide guidance on specialized subjects to health care providers across the world. In 2018, a new ECHO hub convened in Indianapolis with a focus on health care for individuals in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) populations. This ECHO iteration was one of the first of its kind and would soon be followed by a new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ECHO as well.Case Presentation: In a novel approach, information professionals participated in the early planning stages of the formation of these ECHO teams, which enabled the provision of real-time medical evidence and resources at the point-of-need once the teams were launched. This case study demonstrates proof of concept for including health sciences librarians and/or information professionals in the ECHO as hub team members. In this case study, the authors describe and quantify the value added to the HIV and LGBTQ+ ECHO sessions by the medical librarians, as well as provide a template for how other telehealth initiatives can collaborate with their local health information professionals.Conclusions: Librarian involvement in Project ECHO over the past three years has been enthusiastically received. The librarians have contributed hundreds of resources to ECHO participants, helped build and curate resource repositories, and expanded the embedded librarian program to an additional two ECHO iterations. ECHO hub team members report high rates of satisfaction with the performance of embedded librarians and appreciate the provision of point-of-need evidence to ECHO participants.
Gloria Werner, 1940–2021
Authors: Bunting Alison , Homan J. Michael
Published: November 2021

Gloria Werner, successor to Louise M. Darling at the UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, university librarian emerita, and eighteenth editor of the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, died on March 5, 2021, in Los Angeles. Before assuming responsibility in 1990 for one of the largest academic research libraries in the US, she began her library career as a health sciences librarian and spent twenty years at the UCLA Biomedical Library, first as an intern in the NIH/NLM-funded Graduate Training Program in Medical Librarianship in 1962–1963, followed by successive posts in public services and administration, eventually succeeding Darling as biomedical librarian and associate university librarian from 1979 to 1983. Werner’s forty-year career at UCLA, honored with the UCLA University Service Award in 2013, also included appointments as associate university librarian for Technical Services. She was president of the Association of Research Libraries in 1997, served on the boards of many organizations including the Association of Academic Health Sciences Library Directors, and consulted extensively. She retired as university librarian in 2002.
Partnership development of the COVID-19 Front Door: a best evidence resource
Authors: Allee Nancy J. , Friedman Charles P. , Flynn Allen J. , Masters Chase , Donovan Kai , Ferraro Jane , Patel Roma , Rubin Joshua C.
Published: November 2021

This project describes the creation of a single searchable resource during the pandemic, called the COVID-19 Best Evidence Front Door, with a primary goal of providing direct access to high-quality meta-analyses, literature syntheses, and clinical guidelines from a variety of trusted sources. The Front Door makes relevant evidence findable and accessible with a single search to aggregated evidence-based resources, optimizing time, discovery, and improved access to quality scientific evidence while reducing the burden of frontline health care providers and other knowledge-seekers in needing to separately identify, locate, and explore multiple websites.
INTENDED PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT. THE RESULTS OF STUDIES AND OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, BERIULEV G. P. , DANELIAN B. G. ,   Central Aerological Observatory
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of long-term studies in the field of precipitation enhancement performed at the Central Aerological Observatory. The studies were carried out at specially equipped weather sites in different geographical regions, which made it possible to obtain experimental data on the effectiveness of weather modification operations in different climatic zones. The results allowed developing an operational technology of precipitation enhancement and implementing relevant projects both in Russia and abroad. Operational results are also presented.
MICROPHYSICAL AND THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CONVECTIVE CLOUDS (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN CUBA)
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory, PETROV V. V.
Published: November 2021

The results of studying microphysical and thermodynamic characteristics of tropical convective clouds are presented. The studies included complex experiments on assessing a possibility of artificial precipitation enhancement from clouds in the eastern part of Cuba during 1982-1990 and 2005-2007. More than 400 clouds developing over the island and adjoining sea areas are investigated. It is shown that the microphysical and thermodynamic characteristics of the analyzed clouds are closer to continental than marine clouds, which is caused by the effect of aerosol from the surface layer over the island. Based on the results of coupled radar and aircraft studies, a statistical model of changes in cloud parameters is constructed, and the size of the time window is determined, during which clouds meet the criteria of seedability to enhance precipitation: the first 15-20 minutes after the appearance of the first echo.
Covid 19 Phobia from Turkey Perspective
Authors: Özgül Oylum
Published: November 2021

The social, political, economic and psychological effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, which first appeared in China and affected the whole world, suddenly affected our lives. The Covid 19 pandemic affected individuals psychologically as well as physically. Along with loneliness, which occurs along with social isolation, many problems such as anxiety, fear and phobia have often become noticeable. Accordingly, it is important to study and uncover the consequences caused by the pandemic. In light of these findings, the main aim of the study was to investigate the phobia developed against covid-19 in terms of various variables. The study's working group consists of adult individuals in the 18-65 age range. As a data collection tool, the ‘Covid-19 phobia scale’ was used to measure the phobia that participants may have developed against Covid-19 with the personal information form. The scale consists of 4 sub-dimensions. These are psychological phobia, somatic phobia, social phobia, and economic phobia. The height of the total score taken from these lower dimensions and the entire scale indicates the height of the phobia developed against covid-19. As a result of the research, the hypotheses of the study were confirmed. In this context, it was revealed in the analysis results that the phobia developed against corona virus 19 differed significantly depending on gender, age, educational level and occupational status. According to the results obtained, some recommendations were presented to the researchers for the studies to be carried out after that. Key Words: Corona Virus, Virus, Covid 19, Epidemic, Phobia.
Hasta Şikâyetleri ve Tatmininin Sağlık Bakanlığı İletişim Merkezine Yapılan Başvurular ile Değerlendirilmesi: İstanbul-Kadıköy Örneği
Authors: YILDIRIM Rumeysa Firdevs , KUMRU Seda
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı; sağlık hizmet sunumundaki memnuniyet ve şikâyet durumunun, Sağlık Bakanlığı İletişim Merkezi’ne (SABİM) yapılan başvurular üzerinden değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini, İstanbul ili Kadıköy ilçesinde bulunan tüm sağlık kurumlarına ilişkin SABİM hattı üzerinden 2017-2019 tarihleri arasında yapılan başvurular oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçilmemiş ve belirtilen döneme ilişkin tüm başvurular incelenmiştir. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikteki bu araştırmada, veriler retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle sunulmuş, kategorik değişkenler Pearson Ki-Kare Testi ve Ki-Kare Trend Analizi ile karşılaştırılmış ve anlamlılık değeri olarak p<0,05 esas alınmıştır.Bulgular: Tüm başvuruların %89,1’i şikâyetlerden oluşmaktadır. Tüm yıllarda en fazla başvuru sağlık hizmet sunumu ve idari işlemler ile ilgilidir. SABİM sistemine yapılan başvurular, kamuya ait ve özel sağlık kurumlarına göre sıklıkları açısından istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık göstermekte olup, kamu kurumuna ilişkin başvuru oranı daha fazladır. Kamu sağlık kurumlarına ilişkin başvuruların %49,15’ini sağlık hizmet sunumu ve idari işlemler, %27,40’ını mesai saatlerine uyulmaması ve %14,03’ünü ise sağlık personeli iletişim problemleri oluşturmaktadır. Özel sağlık kurumlarına yönelik başvuruların ise %29,97’sini tıbbi uygulamalar ve tedavi, %28,71’ini sağlık hizmeti ücretlendirmesi ve %27,52’sini sağlık hizmet sunumu ve idari işlemler oluşturmaktadır. SABİM sistemine yapılan başvurular, sıklıkları açısından başvurunun yapıldığı kuruma göre farklılık göstermekte olup en yüksek başvuru yüzdeleri aile sağlığı merkezleri ile hastane ve tıp merkezlerine aittir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda; özellikle sağlık hizmet sunumundaki idari süreçler ve bekleme süreleri gibi yönetimsel konular, tıbbi işlemler ile sağlık personeli iletişiminden kaynaklanan problemler ön plana çıkmaktadır.
It's About Bloody Time and Space
Authors: Inniss Lolita Buckner
Published: November 2021

Time frames relationships of power, especially in the context of law. One of the clearest ways in which time is implicated in both law and society is via discourses about women’s biological functions. This Article is an introduction to a larger project that analyzes legal discourses regarding a crucial aspect of women’s calendrically-associated biological functions: women’s menstrual periods. Over the course of the project, I explore legal discourses about menstruation through the notion of what literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin calls “chronotopes”—a connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships. Temporality, Bakhtin argues, is closely associated with certain paradigmatic spaces, and the combination of shapes, ideologies, and identities. Legal discussions of women’s menstrual bleeding are key sites for the discursive creation and maintenance of certain ideologies of womanhood. These discussions appear in a wide variety of contexts and in ways that either explicitly reference or implicitly index ideologies of female identity. All are characterized by efforts to mark them as narratives linked to other temporally prior or future moments, and are often indices of chronologically or spatially related stigmas and taboos. While legal discourses of menstruation do not give a complete account of the category “woman,” they provide cogent examples of how womanhood ideologies are constructed in legal contexts.
Menstrual Regulation as a Means of Reproductive Control: The Law's Response to Disabled Bodies and Menstruation
Authors: Ni Fhlatharta Maria
Published: November 2021

Every day, millions of people make decisions about menstruation. They make decisions about what sanitary products to use, about pain relief, about with whom they will discuss their experience of menstruation. They make decisions about contraception to induce amenorrhea. These decisions may be influenced by family, poverty, society, and culture, but they remain, for the most part, up to the individual. However, this right to autonomy is not extended to all people equally. Some disabled people, for example, have these decisions made by substituted decision makers, including the courts. This is in violation of their rights; nevertheless, this practice continues in various jurisdictions, including through guardianship and conservatorship laws.
Compared to What? Menstruation, Pregnancy, and the Complexities of Comparison
Authors: Waldman Emily Gold
Published: November 2021

This piece explores the complexities of the comparative model as applied to sex discrimination claims that are connected to female biology. On the one hand, comparisons can be a useful and precise way to pinpoint discrimination. The notion that bandages and adult diapers are tax-exempt, while tampons and pads are not, brings the unfairness of the tampon tax into sharp relief: Why are those products for absorbing bodily fluids tax-free, when menstrual products are not? The same is true for a pregnant employee who can show that her request for a light-duty accommodation was denied while the identical light-duty request by another similarly-situated, non-pregnant employee was granted.

But the model also contains two traps. First, almost no comparison is perfect. There is often some potential for distinguishing and line-drawing, some way to argue that the comparison does not fully hold up. Second, the comparative model is itself inherently limiting. The biological processes of menstruation and pregnancy (along with menopause and breastfeeding, which this piece does not address) are closely intertwined with female sex and have no obvious analogues. Indeed, these processes impose specific challenges and needs that are not borne equally across the sexes. Yet the comparative model reductively suggests that if no products receive tax-exempt status, or if no employees receive accommodations for their inability to work, there is no sex discrimination issue at all. Although advocates cannot escape the current comparative framework within which they must work—and indeed should use it to their advantage when possible—we should all remain mindful of the framework’s ultimate limitations.

The piece begins by analyzing Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc., the 2015 Supreme Court case that grappled with how to apply the PDA’s comparison-based standard. I discuss how Young illustrates the complexities of comparison and unpack the compromise approach that emerged. I then consider the potential usefulness of the Young approach to the tampon tax cases, while acknowledging that they arise under the Equal Protection Clause rather than Title VII. I conclude with some broader reflections.
Closing Remarks
Authors: Hoag Alexis
Published: November 2021

On November 20–21, 2020, the Columbia Journal of Race and Law hosted a virtual two-day symposium entitled How the Law Underdeveloped Racial Minorities in the United States. Broadly, the theory of underdevelopment looks at the standard of life in a nation as a measure of that country’s economic conditions. The application of this theory in the context of the law and as a measure of the quality of life of racial minorities stems from Professor Manning Marable’s work on capitalism and the economic and social conditions of Black Americans.

In her Closing Remarks, Professor Alexis Hoag provided context for the contemporary application of Professor Marable’s theory in light of current events, exploring the Coronavirus pandemic, the Black Lives Matter Movement, and the 2020 Presidential Election. She then introduced carceral abolition as a theoretical and practical framework to understand the law’s underdevelopment of Black people and to help address the criminal legal system’s disparate impact on racial minorities.
Tunbridge, Laura. 2018. Singing in the Age of Anxiety: Lieder Performances in New York and London Between the World Wars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Authors: Duncan Stewart
Published: November 2021

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Alternative Facts in Musicology and Vechnaya Pamyat' in Shostakovich's Symphony No. 5
Authors: Mah Eileen
Published: November 2021

The assertions, refutations, and counter-refutations concerning two core pieces of Richard Taruskin’s studies on Russian music—Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 6 and Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 5—provide a starting point for discussion about the possibilities, limits, and obligations of musicological interpretation.  Moreover, an important aspect of the discussion is the phenomenon of “alternative facts,” both in publication and in pedagogy, and possibly in music itself.

            Taruskin argues against the logical fallacies of overly specific or overly simplistic interpretations, but hesitates to fully interpret certain music himself, thereby participating in the web of alternative facts.  Taruskin refutes popular myths about biographical meanings in Tchaikovsky’s symphony, but in so doing, also seems to reject a tragic reading of any kind.  He explains away various musical structures and extroversive references, but fails to explore why those elements are in fact present.

            As for Shostakovich’s symphony, Taruskin notes its saturation with musical topics, but ignores their allusive specificity, downplaying their significance altogether for what he calls their transferability.  Yet Taruskin himself identifies an allusion to a specific Orthodox hymn, and therefrom draws specific conclusions.  His evidence for calling the passage a “literal imitation” is actually flawed, but a truly literal quotation of this very hymn may be present throughout the entire symphony, and may act as a sort of species of alternative fact itself.  In any case, something that specific, and its placement in the symphonic structure, deserve notice and demand specificity of interpretation.
Safeguarding Civilian Internet Access During Armed Conflict: Protecting Humanity’s Most Important Resource in War
Authors: Hutchins Todd Emerson
Published: November 2021

A recent spate of governmental shutdowns of the civilian internet in a broad range of violent contexts, from uprisings in Hong Kong and Iraq to armed conflicts in Ethiopia, Kashmir, Myanmar, and Yemen, suggests civilian internet blackouts are the ‘new normal.’ Given the vital and expanding role of internet connectivity in modern society, and the emergence of artificial intelligence, internet shutdowns raise important questions regarding their legality under intentional law. This article considers whether the existing international humanitarian law provides adequate protection for civilian internet connectivity and infrastructure during armed conflicts. Concluding that current safeguards are insufficient, this article proposes a new legal paradigm with special protections for physical internet infrastructure and the right of civilian access, while advocating the adoption of emblems (such as the Red Cross or Blue Shield) in the digital world to protect vital humanitarian communications.
TACİRİN ELİNDE BULUNAN FATURAYA İSTİNADEN İHTİYATİ HACİZ
Authors: İMİR Muhammed Seyi
Published: November 2021

Tacir elinde bulunan faturaya istinaden ihtiyati haciz kararı verilebilir mi? Faturanın elektronik ortamda hazırlanmış olması sonucu değiştirir mi? Fatura, ticari hayattaki kullanım yaygınlığı ve hukuk düzenince bağlanan sonuçlar itibariyle hem kamu hem de özel hukuk alanda önemli bir yere sahiptir. Tacirin elinde bulunan faturanın delil değeri ve tacirin bu faturaya yönelik ihtiyati haciz talebinde bulunması da uygulamada önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Birtakım şartlarla faturaya istinaden ihtiyati haciz kararı verilebileceği düşüncesindeyiz. Bu konuda hem öğretideki tartışmalar hem de Yargıtay uygulamaları da incelenmiştir.
Linguistic culture and politics in France
Authors: Revishvili Natalia
Published: November 2021

The rise of the French national politics was taking place simultaneously with the rise of the French power and territories in Europe. The first evidence of the emergence of the French language distinguished from Latin is the text of the ‘’French’’ version of the 842-nd Strasbourg Oath. France is an example of how ideas and myths about a language become ideologies and how it forms a part of a language policy, along with language planning and language practices.The French language was being established over a long period of time. From the 17th century onwards, increasing attention was paid to this issue. It is especially interesting to establish a high level of French spelling, the expression of good spelling in the French language has become an object of social values. On October 19 and 20, 1794, the Public Instruction Committee introduced a new project to teach French to all. French became the language of writing before it set foot in education.The 17-th and 18-th centuries became a period of legalization of the French language. The greatest philosophers and writers of this time legalized the French language in poetry and fiction. At the same time, it became the language of scientific writing. French gained the status of the most brilliant language in Europe over the last two centuries through the French Academy and the French Revolution. It was a new ‘’classical“ language.
About the issue of analyzing two concepts
Authors: Svanidze Ramaz
Published: November 2021

During the pandemic it turned out once again that European and worldwide cooperation is very important. The virus partially robbed the mankind of their basic rights, as well as peace of mind and security. In this situation, the geopolitical positioning of the EU is meaningful. It would be desirable if Europe acted as a mediator between West and East despite internal challenges. How the EU develops is particularly important for those countries that are on the European periphery and are striving to join the European community. This transformation process can be successfully mastered through education and future opportunities. The European role in the German-speaking discourse is analyzed using the qualitative and quantitative method. The data of the OWIDplusLIVE and DWDS corpora are alike. The DWDS corpus contains a wide range of adjectives that describe the concepts of Europe and solidarity in a more varied way. It is noteworthy that Europe is always referred to positively. According to the contextual analysis, it turned out that solidarity has been used more frequently in connection with the pandemic situation. Due to the differentiated analysis of Solidarity / Europe in the context of parties, it was found that people’s parties are increasingly using these concepts. It must also be mentioned here that individual challenges of the corpora can be overcome through complex approach. Deeper insights into topic-related statements and their explanation from the perspective of the overall social context in a contrastive comparison can open up a new, interesting analytical perspective.
Censorship in Franco´s Spain about the novel of Mario Vargas Llosa "The City and the Dogs"
Authors: Jokhadze Nino
Published: November 2021

"The City and the Dogs" is the first novel by the famous Peruvian writer, Nobel Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa, which was published in the author's youth. In 1963, at the time of the novel's publication, the author was 27 years old. It is known that Mario Vargas Llosa had to overcome many difficulties on the way to publishing the work. After reading the manuscript of the novel, the Catalan editor and founder of the publisher ¨Seix Barral¨, Carlos Barral aimed to publish the work by his publishing house. Barral has been in lengthy negotiations with Spanish censorship. In these negotiations were also involved general director of information agency, Robles Piquer, representative of cenorship and from the side of author, a friend of Robles Piquer, a professor at the University of Barcelona, ​​Jose Maria Valverde, which was the jury member of ¨Biblioteca Breve¨ award. He wrote the preface for the first editions of the novel. Mario Vargas Llosa's sympathies for the Communist Party and the Cuban Revolution in the 1950s and 1960s are well known. The novel clearly shows the author's leftist positions, his criticism and cynical attitude towards the Peruvian military system and education system. To express the prejudices, racial and class inequalities, corruption and injustice in a society living under a dictatorial regime, the author does not shy away from using the vulgar language of adults and describing sexual scenes, that allow the reader to perceive and imagine the novel realistically.It was the novel's anti-militaristic tone, rude language, and sexual episodes that presented a kind of "embarrassment" to Franco´s censorship, which was much more lighted in the 1960s than in previous years. The novel did not satisfy censorship criterias, cause it included, offensive themes of religion (the episode of the priest), sexuality-related topics, inappropriate and provocative language, and thoughts against the regime (criticism of the military system) which was unacceptable to Spanish censors.As a result of negotiations conducted by Carlos Barral, censorship allowed the author to publish his first novel, in Franco´s Spain, led by the rightists. In this article, we will discuss the negotiation process for publishing a novel. Despite the novel's anti-militaristic attitude, under the Spanish censorship it was published whith a minimal changes, unlike from the Soviet Union, where, as Vargas Llosa noted, the novel was "amputated." In the article we will discuss also why Spanish censorship allowed the publication of a novel and with minor modifications that was considered as an allegory of anti-Francoism.
Past da Present of village Jeglev
Authors: Akhlouri Davit
Published: November 2021

The article is about Past and present of village Jeglevi.The georgraphical environment of the village is reviewed:it is located in Ksani gorge, in the occupied territory, near Akhalgori, at a distance of 5 km, on the western slope of the Alevi ridge, at 1150m. above sea level. The etymology of the village is explained, which must be connected with the abundance of historical monuments. Therefore, we are talking about architectural monimebts, the ancient inscriptions there, which were studied and deciphered by the famous professor Giorgi Otkhmezuri.Particular attention is paid to such ancient demographic lists at the statistical descriptions of the 18th century Ksani Saeristavo, which Ekvtime Takaishvili saw during as archeological trip to the village of Ikoti in Akhalgori Municipality. The discriptions are published by both Ekvtime Takaishvili (2 descriptions) and Ivane Javakhishvili (3 descriptions). Based on their comparison, the historical reality of that tiome is explained, it is shown how severe the consequences of the Leks raid in Ksani gorge and including the village of Jeglev, where the so-called road to Akhalgori was passing “the way of the Leks”.The German traveler Johann Anton Guldenstedt mentions the monument among the villages looted and desolated by the Leks. “Bogano”, what was their condition and what was their obligation to the masters. In addition to the population descriptions, the paper reviews the documents of the late feudal period related to the village, which speaks about the social or economic situation of the village,relationship between the slaves and masters living here and Eristavi and Pitskhelauri. In indicates how the village passed from one lord to another, how the serfs opposed the Pitkhelauri and what position was held by the royal court of Kartli-Kakheti, and personally by Giorgi Batonishvili, a loyalist of the Mouravi of Akhalgori.At the end of the article shows the recent past of the village, from the 80-ies of the XXth century, paying special attention to the current demographic situation and the dire consequences of the August 2008 war and the occupation of the Akhalgori region. In a once crowded, 45 village today are only 6 families left, where often one or two people live.
Parental Involvement on Child’s Education during Pandemic Times: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Khan Afreen , Irshad Sana
Published: November 2021

The main objective of the present research is to study the influence of parental involvement on child’s education during the pandemic times. As a result of COVID-19, several countries applied emergency plans, for instance lockdown and school closures. The Parental association is very essential in education and has become spirited in the world of education. It will benefit to increase child’s social interactions as well as stimulate a sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Thus, the current study intended to examine parental involvement in their children’s learning during the lockdown and school closures in 2020. Hence, the study is especially planned to form the association among parental involvement and child’s concert in education during pandemic.

Keywords: covid-19, child’s education, parental involvement.
Сравнительный анализ репрезентации женского образа в глянцевых журналах для мужчин в России, США и Швеции
Authors: Белоедова Анна Викторовна , Новинкина Екатерина Алексеевна , Рихтер Маргарита Сергеевна
Published: November 2021

На волне борьбы с сексизмом в США и развитием шведского феминизма стереотипные представления о женских ролях, эксплуатируемых в рекламе международных журналов MAXIM и Esquire, пересматриваются не только в упомянутых странах, но и в России. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования, вопрос о влиянии на аудиторию транслируемых в рекламе образов остается малоизученным. В связи с этим авторами поставлена цель выявить специфику репрезентации образа женщин в рекламе журналов, ориентированной на мужчин. Результаты контент-анализа с использованием сравнительно-сопоставительного метода показали, что американский и российский журнал MAXIM часто сексуально объективирует женщину, подает её образ в рекламе через призму гендерных стереотипов. Журнал Esquire и в США, и в России, и в Швеции значительно реже эксплуатирует женские образы, пытаясь выстроить образ коллегиальных взаимоотношений между полами. Сделан вывод о том, что репрезентация образа женщины в рекламе мужского глянца зависит от гендерной политики и актуальной информационной повестки дня страны, в которой издается журнал. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в исследование рекламы как отражения культуры современного общества.
Образ юродствующего повествователя как стилистический прием в публицистике В.А. Пьецуха
Authors: Могилевская Ольга Сергеевна
Published: November 2021

Публицистика начала XXI в. отражает процесс напряженного поиска российским обществом своего пути, ищет способы развертывания широкого мировоззренческого диалога и совместного осмысления стремительно меняющейся жизни. Одним из самых ярких публицистов, в фокусе критического внимания которого находится русская культура, оказавшаяся в условиях процессов глобализации, является В.А. Пьецух. Исследование направлено на изучение публицистического творчества В.А. Пьецуха 2001–2015 гг. с целью выявить особенности его стилистической манеры, позволяющей сделать публичный диалог более глубоким, вовлекающим и непринужденным, без назидательности. В результате исследования выявлено, что В.А. Пьецух обращается к повествовательной маске юродивого как к стилистическому приему, позволяющему вовлечь читателя в процессы осмысления текущей жизни и разработки мировоззренческих ценностей. Сделан вывод о значимости публицистического творчества Вячеслава Пьецуха в культурно-мировоззренческом диалоге о России. Исследование дополняет имеющиеся знания о личности В. Пьецуха и его роли в современном публицистическом процессе, об особенностях его стилистики и применяемых им приемах.
Феминитивы в коммуникативном пространстве современности: проблемы словообразования и словоупотребления
Authors: Захарчук Елена Анатольевна
Published: November 2021

Целью работы является описание функционирующих в современном русском языке деривационных моделей, которые могут применяться для образования феминитивов, в диахроническом и синхроническом аспектах. Рассматривая историю возникновения указанных словообразовательных моделей, автор предлагает классификацию этапов развития исследуемой группы лексики в параллели с историческими вехами жизни российского государства и общества, а также в общих чертах даёт характеристику функционирования феминитивов в современной языковой ситуации. Описание истории формирования феминитивов в русском языке и задействованных для их образования деривационных моделей видится необходимым для определения места феминитивов в коммуникативном пространстве современности. Приведённый в статье обзор подтверждает, что исследуемая группа лексики не нова и на протяжении нескольких столетий активно расширялась и функционировала в русском языке, что позволяет сделать вывод о перспективах формирования и употребления феминитивов в наши дни.