bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN TEKNIK PROMPTING DAN TRANSFER OF STIMULUS CONTROL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU MEMINTA IZIN PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Aidina Wenny , Yulia Savitri Luh Surini
Published: January 2021

Salah satu keterampilan sosial yang harus dimiliki oleh anak usia dini adalah berkomunikasi dengan sopan pada orang lain. Apabila anak tidak menampilkan perilaku tersebut maka anak akan mengalami penolakan dari lingkungan sosialnya. Berkomunikasi dengan sopan dapat ditampilkan dengan meminta izin sebelum menggunakan mainan orang lain. Perilaku ini dapat dipelajari oleh anak melalui teknik prompting dan transfer of stimulus control. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas teknik prompting dan transfer of stimulus control untuk meningkatkan perilaku meminta izin sebelum menggunakan mainan orang lain tanpa bimbingan pada anak usia dini. Metode penelitian menggunakan single case AB with follow-up design dengan partisipan penelitiannya adalah anak laki-laki berusia 4 tahun 7 bulan yang tidak pernah meminta izin sebelum menggunakan mainan orang lain. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 sesi yang masing-masing sesi terdiri dari 4 percobaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik prompting dan transfer of stimulus control dapat meningkatkan frekuensi perilaku meminta izin sebelum menggunakan mainan orang lain dari 0% menjadi 100% dan efek pemberian intervensi bertahan di berbagai setting. Efek dari penelitian ini membuat partisipan dapat menampilkan perilaku meminta izin sebelum menggunakan mainan orang lain secara spontan setelah melihat mainan di mana pun berada.
PENERAPAN TOKEN ECONOMY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU ON-TASK DALAM AKTIFITAS MAKAN PADA ANAK DENGAN HIPERAKTIVITAS
Authors: Lalitya Lecya , Handayani Eko
Published: January 2021

Anak dengan perilaku hiperaktif memiliki tingkat aktifitas motorik tinggi yang ditunjukkan dengan gejala seperti seringkali tidak nyaman diam di suatu tempat dan meningkatkan tempat duduk pada situasi dimana ia harus diam dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Gejala tersebut muncul dalam berbagai situasi, seperti belajar di sekolah dan makan di rumah. Hal ini terjadi karena minimnya perilaku fokus atau on-task. Di sisi lain, minimnya kemampuan on-task anak kemudian akan memengaruhi fungsinya karena ia kesulitan menyelesaikan tugas sehari-hari, sehingga masalah perilaku on-task perlu mendapatkan intervensi. Salah satu pendekatan intervensi untuk anak dengan hiperaktifitas adalah modifikasi perilaku dengan teknik token economy. Penelitian ini berfokus pada perilaku on-task dalam aktifitas makan karena masalah dalam perilaku makan dapat berkaitan dengan pemenuhan gizi yang kemudian berkaitan pula dengan masalah dalam aspek akademis. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efektivitas token economy untuk meningkatkan perilaku on-task dalam aktifitas makan pada anak dengan hiperaktifitas. Intervensi berlangsung selama 10 sesi. Token yang berikan adalah stiker berbentuk bintang. Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian single subject dan dengan desain A-B. Partisipan adalah anak laki-laki berusia 8 tahun dengan perilaku hiperaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, teknik token economy efektif meningkatkan perilaku on-task dalam aktifitas makan pada anak dengan hiperaktifitas. Hal ini membuka peluang bagi penelitian selanjutnya untuk menerapkan modifikasi perilaku pada perilaku on-task dengan berbagai konteks dan latar belakang partisipan.
KESEJAHTERAAN SUBJEKTIF PEKERJA KONTRAK (PKWT)
Authors: Sengkey Marssel Michael , Tiwa Tellma Monna
Published: January 2021

Status kontrak menghadirkan problematika tersendiri, masa kerja pendek dan terbatasnya jaminan tentunya berdampak pada kehidupan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kesejahteraan subjektif pekerja kontrak di kota Manado. Pendekatan fenomenologis melalui wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap delapan orang pekerja kontrak yang bekerja minimal satu tahun di kota Manado. Kesejahteraan subjektif pada pekerja kontrak atau PKWT (Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu) berkaitan dengan internalisasi nilai religius dan budaya, yang melandasi keyakinan positif dan optimisme bahwa bekerja keras akan menghasilkan kesejahteraan dan ketercukupan, walaupun belum tercapai. Afek positif yang mendukung daya tahan pekerja kontrak antara lain karena kuatnya optimisme, adanya dukungan keluarga dan relasi positif dengan sesama pekerja. Sedangkan faktor penghambat pencapaian kesejahteraan subjektif pada pekerja kontrak yaitu afek negatif (ketidakberdayaan, ketidakpastian dan rasa tidak aman) yang berkaitan dengan status kerjanya. Dengan demikian, peningkatan status kerja menjadi diperlukan untuk menghilangkan ketidakpastian, dan mendorong pencapaian kesejahteraan subjektif pekerja.
PERUBAHAN IKLIM PSIKOLOGIS SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KESIAPAN PERUBAHAN KARYAWAN
Authors: Riamanda Irin , Putri Dian Febriany , Mokoginta Marini
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh perubahan iklim psikologis terhadap kesiapan perubahan karyawan. Kesiapan perubahan karyawan diukur melalui aspek kognitif, emosional, dan intensi. Perubahan iklim psikologis dilihat melalui kepercayaan pada manajemen puncak, kualitas komunikasi tentang perubahan, partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, dan sejarah tentang perubahan. Alat ukur pada penelitian ini menggunakan pengukuran kesiapan perubahan karyawan dan pengukuran perubahan iklim psikologis oleh Bouckenooghe dan Devos (2007). Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif, melalui analisis regresi. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 150 responden dengan laki-laki 109 responden, perempuan 41 responden, dan rata-rata responden berumur 31 tahun. Penelitian ini menghasilkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan pada perubahan iklim psikologis terhadap kesiapan perubahan karyawan (r2=0.328, p=0.000), di mana partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan menjadi satu-satunya aspek yang berpengaruh terhadap kesiapan perubahan karyawan (ip=0.000).
GAMBARAN KECENDERUNGAN ADIKSI PENGGUNAAN PONSEL CERDAS PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Amna Zaujatul , Faradina Syarifah , Mufidah Raudhatul
Published: January 2021

Adiksi terhadap ponsel cerdas merupakan keadaan sulit yang dihadapi individu untuk berhenti menggunakan ponsel cerdasnya, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan perilaku sosial seperti menarik diri, kesulitan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, dan adanya gangguan kontrol impuls terhadap diri seseorang. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu untuk melihat kecenderungan adiksi pengunaan ponsel cerdas pada mahasiswa dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Sebanyak 346 sampel (terdiri dari 173 laki-laki dan 173 perempuan) telah berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, dan telah mengisi Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version (SAS-SV) yang digunakan sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data penelitian ini. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan adiksi penggunaan ponsel cerdas pada mahasiswa secara umum (sebanyak 179 mahasiswa atau 51,73%) berada pada tingkat risiko rendah. Selain itu, hasil analisis crosstab menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kecenderungan adiksi pada ponsel cerdas dengan jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat (tahun) kuliah yang ditempuh.
THROMBOSES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS COVID-19
Authors: Linets Yu. Р. , Artyukhov S. V. , Kazantcev А. N. , Zaitseva Т. Е. , Chikin А. Е. , Roshkovskaya L. V.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the structure of surgical complications in patients with COVID-19 from the point of view of a vascular surgeon in a multi-specialty hospital that has been converted into an infectious hospital for patients with a new coronavirus infection and suspected of it.
COMPLICATIONS OF PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS COMBINED WITH MANUAL THROMBOASPIRATION IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Maznev D. S. , Boldueva S. A. , Leonova I. А. , Shloido Е. А. , Kochanov I. N. , Kaledin А. L. , Ardeev V. N.
Published: January 2021

Despite the low injury of endovascular interventions, there are a number of complications that significantly worsen the prognosis of patients. The most unfavorable complications in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during primary percutaneous coronary intervention are stent thrombosis, coronary artery perforation, tamponade, complications at the arterial access site, distal embolism, development of the "no-reflow", stroke. The article is devoted to the study of the frequency of these complications in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in combination with manual thromboaspiration.
APPLICABILITY OF BIOMEDICAL PRODUCTS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME
Authors: Kolke A. A. , Zinoviev E. V. , Zavatskii V. V.
Published: January 2021

Fast and cost-effective treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is still a great challenge today. The use of biomedical cell products (BCP) in this category of patients has its own pathogenetic orientation, however, it remains not fully understood and accepted. This review presents the results of numerous studies confirming the effectiveness of the use of BCP for the treatment of mainly superficial trophic defects in patients with neuropathic form of DFS. However, these technologies are still behaved to adjuvant therapies. There are no clear algorithms and regulations for the use of BCP in patients with DFS. It was shown that use of BCP accelerates the reparative processes of superficial trophic defects in patients with neuropathic form of DFS in combination with standard therapy and reduces the time of wound epithelization. In view of the complexity and high cost of BCP, it should be considered the possibility of their use in patients with a neuroischemic form of DFS of different grades by WIfI classification.
Going Back in Time to Find What Existed on the Web and How much has been Preserved: How much of Palestinian Web has been Archived?
Authors: Sammar Thaer , Khalilia Hadi
Published: January 2021

The web is an important resource for publishing and sharing content. The main characteristic of the web is its volatility. Content is added, updated, and deleted all the time. Therefore, many national and international institutes started crawling and archiving the content of the web. The main focus of national institutes is to archive the web related to their country heritage, for example, the National Library of the Netherlands is focusing on archiving website that are of value to the Dutch heritage. However, there are still countries that haven’t taken the action to archive their web, which will result in loosing and having a gap in the knowledge. In this research, we focus on shedding the light on the Palestinian web. Precisely, how much of the Palestinian web has been archived. First, we create a list of Palestinian hosts that were on the web. For that we queried Google index exploiting the time range filter in order to get hosts overtime. We collected in 98 hosts in average in 5-years granularity from the year 1990 to 2019. We also obtained Palestinian hosts from the DMOZ directory. We collected 188 hosts. Second, we investigate the coverage of collected hosts in the Internet Archive and the Common-Crawl. We found that coverage of Google hosts in the Internet Archive ranges from 0% to 89% from oldest to newest time-granularity. The coverage of DMOZ hosts was 96%. The coverage of Google hosts in the Common-Crawl 57.1% to 74.3, while the coverage of DMOZ hosts in the Common-Crawl was in average 25% in all crawls. We found that even the host is covered in Internet Archive and Common-Crawl, the lifespan and the number of archived versions are low.
قياس مدى جودة مواقع التجارة الالكترونية: دراسة تقييمية لموقع شركة جرير
Authors: البوشي رهام , الصبحي شهد , الخزاعي ندى , ياغي خليل
Published: January 2021

تشهد المواقع الإلكترونية تطورًا سريعًا وانتشارًا واسعًا، حيث اتجه كثير من المؤسسات والشركات التجارية إلى نقل عملها ومعاملاتها التجارية إلى مواقع الإنترنت لإتمام صفقاتها وتقديم خدماتها، وهذا الأمر أدى إلى غياب الثقة والمراقبة والجودة نسبياً مع الانتشار الكبير للمواقع التجارية في العالم الافتراضي، وقد يجد المستفيدين صعوبة في التعامل مع الموقع أو الوثوق في المعلومات والبيانات مما يضع مستخدميها أمام مشكلة، ويلزم المؤسسات أن تعطي اهتماما بجودة ما تقدمه للمستفيدين من خدمات ومنتجات ومعلومات لإعطاء صورة حسنة عن المؤسسة وضمان استمرارية الموقع وزيادة مستخدميه، لذلك هدفت الدراسة الحالية بشكل رئيسي إلى "التعرف على مدى جودة الموقع الإلكتروني لشركة جرير " بناءً على معايير تقييم جودة مواقع التجارة الالكترونية. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التقييمي لدراسة الموقع الإلكتروني لشركة جرير وما يقدمه من خدمات، وقد تم تقييمه من خلال تصميم قائمة مراجعة مبنية على معايير تقييم جودة مواقع التجارة الالكترونية كأداة جمع المعلومات. ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن شركة جرير تعتبر من الشركات التجارية الرائدة التي ساهمت في تعزيز التنمية المستدامة، حيث انها ترى أن المساهمة في التنمية المستدامة تُعد عنصرًا ضروريًا نحو تحقيق النمو على المدى الطويل وخلق القيمة لشركة جرير وأصحاب المصلحة والعالم بأسره، كما أن جودة الموقع الإلكتروني لشركة جرير تمثلت بمعدل (74,8%) وهذه نسبة مرضية إلى حد ما، تدل على مدى اهتمام شركة جرير بجودة موقعها الالكتروني حيث إنها تحظى بمعدل جيد لا بأس به. وأوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بفئة ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة وتحقيق رضاهم، وذلك من خلال توفير برامج تساعد هذه الفئة على تصفح الموقع مثل خدمة القارئ الآلي وسهولة الوصول والتنقل من خلال لوحة المفاتيح. وضرورة إدراج كتالوج خاص بصور المؤسسة ومرافقها، وأيضا إمكانية تصفح الموقع بأكثر من لغتين (غير اللغة العربية والإنجليزية).
دراسة تغيرات درجة حرارة الهواء فوق حلب باستخدام بيانات AIRS/Aqua خلال الفترة الزمنية 2003-2016
Authors: الزامل تيسير , بتور فاطمة
Published: January 2021

إن التغير المناخي هو اختلال في مناخ الأرض مع ارتفاع درجة حرارة الكوكب و تغير كبير في طبيعة الظواهر المناخية و تدهور مستمر للغطاء النباتي و للتنوع البيئي. وبسبب تزايد تدفق الملوثات البيئية و الغازات الدفيئة نحو الغلاف الجوي ازداد خطر ظاهرة الإحتباس الحراري، مما أدى إلى ارتفاع درجة حرارة الأرض فبدأت الثلوج القطبية بالذوبان مسببة ارتفاع منسوب مياه البحر و المحيطات مما يشكل خطراً كبيراً للبشرية. و هذا ما دفع الكثير من الباحثين لدراسة التغيرات الحرارية التي تحدث في الغلاف الجوي. و في هذا البحث قمنا بدراسة تغيرات درجات الحرارة فوق حلب التي تقع شمال غرب سورية خلال الفترة الزمنية 2003-2016 باستخدام مسبار الأشعة تحت الحمراء AIRS المثبت على متن القمر الصناعي Aqua Satellite و قد تم إطلاق هذا القمر في عام 2002 و هو مخصص لمراقبة مناخ الأرض. و قد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة لمدة 14 فوق حلب زيادة واضحة في درجات الحرارة 0.5 C. وقد بلغت درجات الحرارة أكبر قيمة لها 23.76 C في عام 2010.كما أظهرت التغيرات الشهرية لدرجات الحرارة فوق حلب أن القيمة العظمى لدرجات الحرارة كانت في شهر تموز 35.09 C أما القيم الصغرى كانت في شهري كانون الأول و كانون الثاني 10.27 C .
جماليات التداخل اللوني بين الضوء والزي في العرض المسرحي الاحتفالي ( مسرحية المقامة الواسطية أنموذجاً )
Authors: ابراهيم انعام
Published: January 2021

تناولت هذه الدراسة الجماليات المنتجة في العرض المسرحي الاحتفالي من تداخل الزي المسرحي مع الضوء بألوانهما المتعددة والمواد الاولية المصنعة منها وفق التنظير الفكري لمنهج المسرحية الاحتفالية العربية وتطبيقاتها في العراق ، وقد اختارت الباحثة مسرحية ( المقامة الواسطية ) للمخرج الاكاديمي ( د. زهير كاظم ) كأنموذج للبحث باعتبارها التطبيق الفعلي لهذا المنهج الذي ارتبط اسمه بمخرج هذه المسرحية في العراق . وقد بني البحث على اربعة فصول تناولت الباحثة في الفصل الاول مشكلة البحث والحاجة اليه حيث تمثلت في السؤال الآتي ( ماهي جماليات التداخل اللوني بين الزي والضوء في العرض المسرحي الاحتفالي ) ثم اشرت اهميته وهدفه الذي يكمن في التعرف على تلك الجماليات ، ثم بعد ذلك تم تثبيت الحدود المكانية وهو المسرح الوطني العراقي ، وزمن تقديم العرض وهو عام 2011 م ، ومن ثم تحديد المصطلحات التي وردت في العنوان وهي : الجمالية ، الزي ، والضوء ، والمسرح الاحتفالي . وقد بني الفصل الثاني ( الاطار النظري ) على مبحثين الاول كان بعنوان ( الضوء والزي – المفهوم والوظيفة ) حيث بينت الباحثة ماهية كل منهما ووظيفته في العرض المسرحي ومراحل تطورهما عبر الزمن ومصادر صناعتها وتأثيرهما في انتاج المعنى ونقل الافكار الى المتلقي . وفي المبحث الثاني الذي كان تحت عنوان ( مفهوم الاحتفالية العربية ) فقد حددت الباحثة حاجتنا لهذا المنهج والعوامل الاجتماعية والفنية التي ساهمت في انضاجه واهم الاعمال العربية التي قدمت وفق تنظيراته بالإضافة الى كيفية توظيفه للتقنيات المسرحية . ثم ذكرت الباحثة في نهاية المبحث اهم المؤشرات التي اسفر عنها الاطار النظري . وفي الفصل الثالث قامت الباحثة بذكر مسببات اختيارها للعينة والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي اعتمدته في تحليل العينة بعد ذكر ادوات البحث ومختصر لحكاية المسرحية . وفي الفصل الرابع ناقشت الباحثة اهم النتائج التي استخلصتها من خلال تحليل العينة ومقارنتها بمؤشرات الاطار النظري حيث ذكرت اهمها (- تستمد الازياء والاضاءة في الاحتفالية سواء عند التصميم او اختيار المادة المصنعة من التراث القومي والموروث الشعبي خصوصا تلك التي تحضر في الاحتفالات العامة في مختلف المناسبات ) ثم بعد ذلك اشرت اهم الاستنتاجات التي خلص لها البحث ، وارفقتها بقائمة المصادر والمراجع .
OPTIMALISASI POTENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK UNGGULAN DESA TAMIYANG
Authors: Margaretha Yolla , Harianti Asni , Nur Nur , Malinda Maya , Kuswoyo Chandra , Tjahjadi Rully Arlan , Kristiawan8 Allen , Olius Olivia Vania , Meryana Meryana
Published: January 2021

Tamiyang is a village that has abundant agricultural and plantation products, one of which is mango. Besides that, there are also a lot of raw materials available in the village. The two sources of raw materials available in nature, both mango and wood, have not been used optimally to add value, especially to improve the community's economy. The community service activities discuss the optimization of entrepreneurial potential and marketing for Tamiyang's superior products. This activity was carried out by means of a Focus Group Discussion and Training. Through this activity, it is hoped that it will have an impact on improving the economy of the community itself. In particular, at this community service, we are helping Tamiyang people to make a product that is unique, namely Si Mayang. Mayang stands for Mangga Tamiyang, which in Tamiyang Village is indeed very abundant in the yields of mangoes. In addition, we also monitor the continuation of the manufacture and promotion of coffin products that have been made before. Through this community service activity, Tamiyang Village has a product in the form of Manisan Si Mayang which is the hallmark of the area. In addition, the initial stage of optimizing coffin products produced by the community was also achieved, in the form of a design improvement plan and a proper coffin pricing determination. ABSTRAK:merupakan desa yang memiliki hasil pertanian dan perkebunan yang melimpah, salah satu hasil perkebunan yang dihasilkan adalah mangga. Selain itu juga banyak sekali bahan baku yang tersedia di desa tersebut. Kedua sumber bahan baku yang tersedia di alam, baik itu mangga dan kayu belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk menambah nilai, khususnya untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Adapun kegiatan pengabdian masyarakatnya membahas optimalisasi potensi kewirausahaan dan pemasaran bagi produk unggulan Tamiyang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan Focus Group Discussion dan Pelatihan. Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan nantinya akan berdampak pada peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat itu sendiri. Secara khusus, pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini kami membantu masyarakat Tamiyang membuat produk yang menjadi keunikannya, yaitu Manisan Si Mayang. Mayang ini kepanjangan dari Mangga Tamiyang, yang mana di Desa Tamiyang ini memang sangat berlimpah sekali hasil panen dari buah mangga. Selain itu kami juga melakukan pemantauan mengenai kelanjutan dari pembuatan dan promosi produk peti mati yang sudah pernah dibuat oleh sebelumnya. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, Desa Tamiyang memiliki produk berupa Manisan Si Mayang yang menjadi ciri khas daerah tersebut. Selain itu juga dicapai tahap awal dari optimalisasi produk peti mati yang diproduksi oleh masyarakat, berupa rencana perbaikan desain dan penentuan harga peti mati yang layak.
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition and Total Viable Counts of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono‘ And Yoghurt Samples in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulrahman Fausat Adeola , Sanmi Emiade
Published: January 2021

The study aims at determining the physicochemical, proximate composition and the total viable count of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono‘ and yoghurt samples in Kaduna, Nigeria.Three hundred and eighty-four (384) fermented milk samples (Nono and yoghurt) were obtained from different selling points and were evaluated for the occurrence of S. aureus. The physicochemical and proximate analyses (pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, ash content, protein content, and fat content) were determined. The results of the analyses showed that Nono had pH range of 3.56-3.61, total titratable acidity: 0.71-1.72, moisture content: 82.23-83.87%, ash content: 0.30-0.31%, crude protein content: 1.50-1.61%, crude fat content: 0.35-0.38 %. For yoghurt, the pH ranged from 3.76 -3.82, total titratable acidity: 1.10 -1.15, moisture content: 77.76-80.06%, ash content: 0.68- 0.70%, crude protein content: 3.40-3.45% and crude fat content: 1.76-1.79% from all the study areas. One hundred and four of the total samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Out of the 104 isolates of S. aureus that were isolated and identified, 88 were coagulase positive S.aureus. The Microgen Staph ID kit (Oxoid) was used to further confirm the characteristics of the 60 isolates of the coagulase positive S. aureus. The kit confirmed 43 isolates as S. aureus, the results indicated the presence of S. aureus in the milk samples which is of public health importance, as this can contribute to food-borne intoxication which can lead to food poisoning. There is a need for proper pasteurisation of raw milk to help eradicate S. aureus infection before human consumption.
Cellular Bioenergetics in Spirulina platensis towards Growth and Phycocyanin Production Under Different Photon Flux Densities Using the Modified Zarrouk‘s Medium
Authors: Chofamba Anyway
Published: January 2021

From all the pigments found in Spirulina platensis, phycocyanin has been found to have a diverse application in various fields, and has a high market demand, calling for a need to increase production and easy isolation methods. In general, phycocyanin production in cells depends on the light conditions, among other factors during the cultivation period. The focus of this study was to look at the effect of different light intensities on phycocyanin production in Spirulina platensis. Other cellular biochemical parameters, including chlorophyll content and protein, were explored under the different treatments. An experimental design containing 4 different light intensities of 20, 150, 300 and 600 Î¼mol photons m2/s was administered with 3 replicates. The results obtained from the study showed that high phycocyanin content was obtained from a low light intensity treatment. Chlorophyll results were a bit in contrary to the results obtained for phycocyanin, with high chlorophyll content obtained in high light intensity treatments. Protein and biomass accumulation also followed the same trend, where they were observed to be higher in high light intensities, with the maximum biomass achieved at 600 Î¼mol photons m2/s and maximum protein content achieved at 300 Î¼mol photons m2/s. Due to the commercial potential of phycocyanin to humans, its low cost downstream cultivation and processing of Spirulina platensis will be of economic advantage to the relevant stakeholders to fulfil the rampant demands and affordability of the blue phycocyanin pigment to both first and third World countries, hence the need of producing phycocyanin using the modified Zarouk‘s media which has cheaper if not affordable ingredients.
The Development of Entrepreneurial Culture Among Students Through Innovation: Case of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Authors: Aicha EL Azzaoui
Published: January 2021

Entrepreneurial culture has emerged as a powerful means of development in many countries of the world and can be regarded as a source of innovation and as a key to sustainable unemployment.The national economic outlook, which was established by the High Commission for Planning, predicts economic growth of only 2.6% in 2016, this growth will not provide sufficient employment.Morocco seeks to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of young Moroccans in order to encourage the creation, development of enterprises and the remuneration of investment in the service of employment through various policies that promote the " innovation.Students and university graduates (including students from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fez) are the most involved social group. Through this research, we will try to describe the entrepreneurial culture of students through a field study.Our article is structured in the following way. In the first part, we try to treat the entrepreneurial culture by trying to take a general look, first of all, on its definition, then on the myths of entrepreneurship. In our second part, we talk about the entrepreneurial culture at the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University and the promotion of this culture among students through a field survey.Since 2011, the university has also initiated the program "innova project", whose mission is to organize training courses for business creation and innovation for the benefit of students from different institutions.
The Reduce of CO2 Emissions in Morocco: Case Study in A Landfill
Authors: Amine Moulay Taj  , Fouzi Belmir
Published: January 2021

In a global context increasingly concerned with climate change, understanding the impact of economic growth on the environment is becoming crucial, especially for developing countries. Morocco has been committed to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to achieve the objectives set for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 13% by 2030, with 2010 as the reference year. Such a target could reach 32% by the same horizon under certain technical, financial and capacity building support conditions.The main emitters of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) are landfills because during the decomposition of solid waste CO2 is the most present gas pollutant is for this reason focuses this case study carried out in a landfill located in Fez, the development of a new calculation method or we could have a reduction in CO2 41261,69 teq CO2/year and with a yield of 85%.
Applying a Risk Management Approach in Controlling QMS Processes and Interactions with the Relevant Interested Parties: The Case of an Airport
Authors: Belmir Fouzi  , Hanae El Idrissi  , Jebbour Nouzha
Published: January 2021

Fes Airport, run by the National Airports‟ Office in Morocco, aspires to be certified by the ISO 9001: 2015 standard; Hereby, it has to meet the needs of the stakeholders‟ expectations in an attempt to promote the airport activities, it has also to take into consideration the risks that are related to the various actors who have well-set priorities and expectations.The aim of this article is to shed light on the interconnection between the various participants in an attempts to meet the new requirement 4.2 of the ISO 9001: 2015 and to examine the dangers of the integrated management system (QSE) taking into consideration the proposal of an action plan to monitor interfaces, and to promote the application of an integrated approach, in collaboration with concerned participants as well as the amelioration of an integrated management system to realize the various goals set by the different participants and satisfy the passengers.
The indirect route of securing interest of consumers and competitors under the EU competition law
Authors: Bhatt Krusha
Published: January 2021

The theme of the present article is to deliver the notion that in order to enforce competition rules which, are aimed at maintaining a balance between profitability of the competitors and welfare of the consumers, the crucial aspect in attainting it is a healthy competitive market. Therefore, an attempt is made to analyses the role and practice of the European Courts and the Commission in protecting the structure of the competitive market as a means to secure the interests of the consumers and competitors. To convey the notion of the paper, sustenance from one of the imperative decisions given by the European Court of Justice purporting the predominant idea has been taken from the case of GlaxoSmithKline v Commission1 and other relevant cases from the locales of Article 101 coupled with Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The idea is to critically discuss the rationale of the decision delivered by the hierarchy of courts, the object-effect dichotomy under Article 101(1) for apprehending anti- competitive conduct, and to reflect upon the Commission guidelines.
El Incidente de Impacto Fiscal en la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado
Authors: Sierra Fagua Wilmer Jahir
Published: January 2021

Este artículo de reflexión estudia la figura constitucional del incidente de impacto fiscal, implementada con el Acto Legislativo 003/2011, y se presenta en tres secciones; la primera abordará su origen; la segunda analizará sus contenidos específicos. Finalmente, en la tercera, se hará referencia a la jurisprudencia que la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado han proferido sobre el particular; acápite dentro del cual se expondrán las falencias de ese procedimiento judicial. Importa precisar que este trabajo, en el trasfondo, examinará si con la implementación del Incidente de Impacto Fiscal: i) se han protegido los derechos de los ciudadanos beneficiarios del fallo judicial sobre el que este se inició; ii) si, por el contrario, se ha protegido el presupuesto de las entidades públicas; o en su defecto, si se han garantizado las dos o solo una de las ópticas descritas.
Liderazgo y poder en Cuyo a fines del período colonial: los caciques del Valle Fértil y Mogna entre el reino de Chile y el Virreinato del Rio de la Plata.
Authors: Escolar Diego
Published: January 2021

La etnohistoria de la región de Cuyo ha tendido a invisibilizar la presencia indígena en la zona desde fines del siglo XVII a raíz de su supuesta extinción, mestizaje, aculturación o pérdida de “conciencia étnica”. Analizo cómo estos postulados se verían desmentidos por la lucha de los caciques de los pueblos de Valle Fértil y Mogna para persistir en la posesión y propiedad de sus tierras, durante los procesos fundacionales de pueblos de indios y villas de “españoles” iniciados por la Junta de Poblaciones de Chile en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII.
De Comuna autónoma a empresa de barrido: la paulatina pérdida de control municipal en materia de aguas en Talcahuano. 1906-1969.
Authors: Simón Ruiz Inmaculada , Sánchez Andaur Raúl
Published: January 2021

En estas páginas abordaremos la transformación del Municipio de Talcahuano en, un actor secundario a partir de la abolición de la Ley de Comuna Autónoma. Para evidenciar esta situación analizamos, a partir de las actas municipales y de la prensa, las discusiones suscitadas en el municipio en torno al sistema de abastecimiento de agua en red en Talcahuano. Nuestra hipótesis coincide con el planteamiento de Alberto Edwards, quien señalaba que, con la Ley de Municipalidades, los municipios perdieron prácticamente todo su poder político para quedar reducidos a meras “empresas de barrido y alumbrado”.
Hillary Hiner, Violencia de género, pobladoras y feminismo popular. Casa Yela, Talca (1964-2010). Tiempo Robado editoras, Santiago, 2019, 336 páginas.
Authors: Uribe Andrea
Published: January 2021

Reseña
Assessment of husbandry practice and egg production performance of indigenous chickens in urban and peri urban area of Guder town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Duguma Chala
Published: January 2021

The study was undertaken from May up to July 2020 in Guder town of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to explore husbandry practices and egg production performance of indigenous chicken in the study area. A cross-sectional systematic random survey of 40 households was undertaken by using semi-structured and pre tested questionnaire. Information on management practices, production systems, egg production performances and constraints of indigenous chicken kept in Guder town was generated by semi-structured questionnaire. The primary data collected from house hold survey was processed and analyzed by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, ranking, standard deviation, and cross tabulation were used to analyze the data quantitatively. Data gathered through key informant interviews, focus group discussion and personal observation was analyzed qualitatively to strengthen data obtained from the household survey. Due to its small space and lower capital requirement sample household’s ranked chicken as the first important animals kept in the study area. The main purposes of keeping indigenous chicken in the study area were for home consumption followed by generation of income. The most important feed resources of indigenous chicken kept in the study area were feed obtained from scavenging, house hold wastes, the market left over, and industrial by products. Majority of the households accommodated their indigenous chicken in a separate house constructed for the confinement of the chicken. The higher mortality rate of indigenous chicken in the study area was caused by disease and predator. The most commonly happening and economically important disease in the study area was Newcastle. The commonly observed predators in the study area were cat and dog. Health and feed problems were the first and the second constraint of indigenous chicken production in the study area respectively. Therefore area based development involvement could help to increase the productivity of indigenous chicken and thereby improve the income of small holders.
Ocena oddziaływania na grzyby drożdżopodobne olejku szałwiowego (Oleum Salviae)
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The essential oils were known and used in ancient Times. The oil and extracts of sage are utilized in folk medicine and for food condiment, in cosmetics and perfumes. Sage (Salvia officinalis) belonging to the Labiatae family. Plant grow all over the world. Sage has a number of properties in it antiflogistic and antimicrobial. The oil is used for the treatment of different kind of diseases, including bronchitis, cough, arthritis, rheumatism, ulcers, inflammation of skin, alimentary tract and in Alzheimer’s disease. Etheric oil contain following compounds: α- and β-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, β-sabinene, limonene, α-humulene, myrcene, α-terpineol, viridiflorol and camphene. The chemical compounds of the oil have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the dates was to evaluate the susceptibility of yeastlike fungi to sage. Material and methods. A total 30 strains of yeastlike fungi isolated from patients with oral candidosis was tested. The strains were identified with system API 20 C AUX (BioMèrieux), production chlamydospore and pseudohyphe. The susceptibility (MIC) yeastlike fungi to sage oil was determined by means plate dilution technique in Sabouraud’s agar. The suspension contained 105 CFU per spot were spread Steers replicator over the surface of agar containing oil or without sage agar plates (strains growth control). Inoculated agar plates were incubated in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24-48 hrs. The MIC was defined as a lowest concentration of the oil inhibited growth of fungal strains. Results. The results indicated that the sage oil was active against yeastlike fungi in concentrations 0.5-≥ 2.0 mg/ml. The MIC for 66% strains from genus Candida albicans ≥ 2.0 mg/ml. Similarly C. krusei strains were susceptible in range 0.5-≥ 2.0 mg/ml. The oil was less active towards C. glabrata and C. tropicalis strains (MIC 1.0-≥ 2.0 mg/ml). The most susceptible were the strains from genus of C. parapsilosis. The growth was inhibited within the range from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/ml. The strain from genus of Rhodotorula rubra was susceptible on 0.12-0.5 mg/ml and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on 0.25 mg/ml. Conclusions. Sage oil showed antifungal activity. The more susceptible to oil were the strains of Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula rubra and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Oil was less active toward strains Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Geotrichum candidum.
Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 4. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (pstrolistka sercowata) – źródło nowego surowca flawonoidowego
Authors: Kwiecień Inga , Kulig Agnieszka , Szopa Agnieszka , Ekiert Halina
Published: January 2021

The European Pharmacopoeia Supplement 9.4 introduces several new plant-derived raw materials long known in East-Asian medicine but previously not used in official European medicine. A series of articles in Part 1 and 2 presents species providing new saponin raw materials: Bupleuri radix and Platycodi radix. In part 3, the species which is a source of a new essential oil raw material, namely Ligusticum chuanxiong is characterized. Part 4 is dedicated to outlining the basic botanical-ecological-chemical characteristic of Houttuynia cordata (chameleon plant). The raw material sourced from this species – Houttuyniae herba, has long been known and used not only in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but also in traditional Japanese, Thai and Nepalese medicine. Most attention was devoted to reviewing the professional pharmacological studies of extracts of this raw material. This review documents very important lines of action of the raw material, namely its antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the article highlights the significance of this species as a food product in some Asian countries and as a source of cosmetic raw materials. The aim of the article is to popularize basic knowledge on this new pharmacopoeial species among pharmacists and medical doctors.
Skład chemiczny i właściwości biologiczne Geum urbanum L. – aktualny stan badań
Authors: Czapska-Pietrzak Izabela , Studzińska-Sroka Elżbieta , Bylka Wiesława
Published: January 2021

Geum urbanum L. (St. Benedict’s herb, Wood Avens) belonging to Rosaceae family, is a perennial herb occuring in the moderate zone of both Hemispheres. The roots and rhizomes containing: tannins, especially ellagitannins (mainly gemin), essential oil (mainly gein), flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, triterpenes, carbohydrates. In folk medicine it was used in gastro-enteritis and liver disorders, and to induce cardiogenesis also externally for reducing the gingivitis. The results of experiments on: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardiogenic and antioxidant effects were presented.
Przeciwgrzybicza aktywność olejku melisowego (Oleum Melissae)
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Kędzia Andrzej W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. A lot of plant produced essential oils, which are applied in prophylaxis and therapy of medicine. Melissa was known and used in I century BC. It produced the oil, which possess following properties: antiarteriosclerotic, anticancer, sedative, antidepression, antimigraine, antiasthmatic, antirheumatic and antioxidant. Its contain: geraniol, β-caryophyllene, geranial, thymol, neral, geranyl acetate, linalol, cytronellol, citronellal and α-humulen. It exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. Aim. The aim of this study was to indicate of susceptibility of yeastlike fungi to melissae essential oil. Material and methods. The strains of fungi were isolated from oral cavity from patients with candidosis. A total 23 strains of yeastlike fungi from genus of Candida albicans (22 strains), C. glabrata (5), C. guilliermondii (2), C. humicola (2), C. kefyr (3), C. krusei (5), C. lusitaniae (2), C. parapsilosis (5), C. tropicalis (6), C. utilis (1) and 9 reference strains were tested. Investigated was carried out using plate dilution technique in Sabouraud’s agar. The melissae oil (Semifarm) was dissolved in DMSO and then in aseptic distilled water. Inoculum contain 105 CFU per spot was transferred with Steers replicator upon the agar with and without essential oil (strains growth control). The concentrations of melissae oil were: 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.12 mg/ml. Incubation was performed in aerobic conditions in temp. 37°C. Incubation of agar plates were performed in aerobic condition at temp. 37°C, at 24-48 hours. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was interpreted as the lowest concentrations of melissa oil which inhibited the growth of yeastlike fungi. Results. The dates indicated that the strains of fungi was susceptible to oil in concentrations 0.25-2.0 mg/ml. The 19 (86%) of strains from genus Candida albicans was inhibited in concentrations 0.25-0.5 mg/ml. On the same values of MIC’s were susceptible the strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida humicola (MIC 0.5 mg/ml). The fungi from genus of Candida kefyr, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae and Candida tropicalis were less sensitive. The growth of this yeastlike fungi was inhibited by concentrations of melissae oil in range 0.5-2.0 mg/ml. The oil was the lowest active towards genus Candida lusitaniae and Candida utilis. The MIC for these strains was from 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml. From all tested genus Candida strains 11 (21%) of them was susceptible to melissa oil in range 2.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. Melissa oil was the most active towards strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida humicola. The lowest sensitive to oil were the strains from genus Candida lusitaniae and Candida utilis. The melissa oil characterized a high activity towards all tested strains of yeastlike fungi from genus of Candida.
Aktywność biologiczna wybranych składników olejków eterycznych. Cz. 1
Authors: Antoniak Katarzyna , Bylka Wiesława
Published: January 2021

Essential oils are often components of many species of medicinal plants. In terms of chemical structure, they are mixtures of different compounds, especially terpenes but also phenylpropane derivatives. Essential oils components are characterized by different biological activity. This paper presents the latest data on the activity of compounds that are known ingredients of volatiles: anethole, trans-α-bergamotene, eugenol, methyleugenol, eucalyptol, β-farnesen, α-cadinol, carvacrol, α-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide.
Aktywność biologiczna roślinnych produktów pszczelich pochodzących z Gór Sowich
Authors: Woźniak Magdalena , Mrówczyńska Lucyna , Sip Anna , Ratajczak Izabela
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Herbal bee products, including honey, propolis and pollen, are wide applied in various branches of industry due to their natural origin and biological activities. Bee products exhibit e.g. antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity. In addition, honey, propolis and pollen characterize diverse and complex chemical composition. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and antibacterial activity of honey, propolis and pollen from the Sowie Mountains. Material and methods. In the study, honey, propolis and pollen collected from an apiary located in the Sowie Mountains were used. The tested bee products were extracted with ethanol, and the obtained extracts from bee products were used to determine their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The antioxidant potential of bee products were evaluated applying DPPH· free radical scavenging activity assay. The antimicrobial activity of the tested bee products was determined by the point-diffusion method against 13 strains of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the total content of phenolic compounds in the tested bee products was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results. Among the tested bee products, propolis exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The antiradical activity of propolis was equal to 96% approx. activity of Trolox, the standard antioxidant used in this study. Propolis had the highest total phenol content. All bee products showed antagonistic activity against all tested bacterial strains, however, propolis was characterized by the highest antibacterial activity. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that among the tested bee products (honey, propolis and pollen), the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity showed propolis. The high biological activity of propolis is associated with the high content of phenolic compounds.
Skuteczność działania olejku lawendowego (Oleum Lavandulae) wobec grzybów drożdżopodobnych z rodzaju Candida
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Kędzia Andrzej W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. A number of plants produced of essentials oils, which can utilize in medicine. Oleum Lavandulae (Lavender oil) demonstrated antimicrobial effect connected with presence of components such as linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulol, ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, cyneol, lavandulol acetate, α- i β-pinene, camphen and camphor. Several studies have demonstrated antifungal activity towards filamentous fungi, dermatophytes and some genus of yeastlike fungi. Aim. The aim of the study was determined activity of lavandulae oil towards yeastlike fungi, from Candida species. Material and methods. A total 44 strains of yeastlike fungi isolated from oral cavity from patients with candidosis and 9 reference strains were tested. The susceptibility of Candida strains was determined by means plate dilution technique in Sabouraud’s agar. The inoculums contained 105 CFU per spot were seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar plate containing lavender oil and without lavender oil (the strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 24-48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of oil that completely inhibited growth of tested yeastlike fungi. Results. The results showed, that all tested fungi were susceptible in concentrations 1.0-≥ 2.0 mg/ml. The most susceptible to lavender oil were strains from the genus Candida guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae and C. utilis. The growth of this fungi was inhibited by concentrations = 1.0 mg/ml. The 8 (38%) strains belonging to the genus of C. albicans were sensitive on 1.0 mg/ml. The growth of remaining strains was inhibited by concentrations ≥ 2.0 mg/ml. The strain of C. humicola was the lowest sensitive (MIC > 2.0 mg/ml). The tested lavender oil characterized a high activity toward date yeastlike fungi. The growth 50% of the strains was inhibited by concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml and others 48% by 2.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. Lavender oil showed high activity against tested strains of yeastlike fungi. The strains from genus C. guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae and C. utilis were the most susceptible. The oil was the lowest active to the strain from genus C. humicola.