bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Develop Digital Twins in Industry
Authors: González-Herbón Raúl , González-Mateos Guzmán , Rodríguez-Ossorio José R. , Domínguez Manuel , Alonso Serafín , Fuertes Juan J.
Published: February 2024

The industry is currently undergoing a digital revolution driven by the integration of several enabling technologies. These include automation, robotics, cloud computing, industrial cybersecurity, systems integration, digital twins, etc. Of particular note is the increasing use of digital twins, which offer significant added value by providing realistic and fully functional process simulations. This paper proposes an approach for developing digital twins in industrial environments. The novelty lies in not only focusing on obtaining the model of the industrial system and integrating virtual reality and/or augmented reality but also in emphasizing the importance of incorporating other enabled technologies of Industry 4.0, such as system integration, connectivity with standard and specific industrial protocols, cloud services, or new industrial automation systems, to enhance the capabilities of the digital twin. Furthermore, a proposal of the software tools that can be used to achieve this incorporation is made. Unity is chosen as the real-time 3D development tool for its cross-platform capability and streamlined industrial system modeling. The integration of augmented reality is facilitated by the Vuforia SDK. Node-RED is selected as the system integration option, and communications are carried out with MQTT protocol. Finally, cloud-based services are recommended for effective data storage and processing. Furthermore, this approach has been used to develop a digital twin of a robotic electro-pneumatic cell.
Multilayer Perceptron-Based Error Compensation for Automatic On-the-Fly Camera Orientation Estimation Using a Single Vanishing Point from Road Lane
Authors: Li Xingyou , Kim Hyoungrae , Kakani Vijay , Kim Hakil
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a multilayer perceptron (MLP) error compensation method for real-time camera orientation estimation, leveraging a single vanishing point and road lane lines within a steady-state framework. The research emphasizes cameras with a roll angle of 0°, predominant in autonomous vehicle contexts. The methodology estimates pitch and yaw angles using a single image and integrates two Kalman filter models with inputs from image points (u, v) and derived angles (pitch, yaw). Performance metrics, including avgE, minE, maxE, ssE, and Stdev, were utilized, testing the system in both simulator and real-vehicle environments. The outcomes indicate that our method notably enhances the accuracy of camera orientation estimations, consistently outpacing competing techniques across varied scenarios. This potency of the method is evident in its adaptability and precision, holding promise for advanced vehicle systems and real-world applications.
Relationship between Car-Sickness Susceptibility and Postural Activity: Could the Re-Weighting Strategy between Signals from Different Body Sensors Be an Underlying Factor?
Authors: Dida Merrick , Guerraz Michel , Barraud Pierre-Alain , Cian Corinne
Published: February 2024

Postural control characteristics have been proposed as a predictor of Motion Sickness (MS). However, postural adaptation to sensory environment changes may also be critical for MS susceptibility. In order to address this issue, a postural paradigm was used where accurate orientation information from body sensors could be lost and restored, allowing us to infer sensory re-weighting dynamics from postural oscillation spectra in relation to car-sickness susceptibility. Seventy-one participants were standing on a platform (eyes closed) alternating from static phases (proprioceptive and vestibular sensors providing reliable orientation cues) to sway referenced to the ankle-angle phases (proprioceptive sensors providing unreliable orientation cues). The power spectrum density (PSD) on a 10 s sliding window was computed from the antero-posterior displacement of the center of pressure. Energy ratios (ERs) between the high (0.7–1.3 Hz) and low (0.1–0.7 Hz) frequency bands of these PSDs were computed on key time windows. Results showed no difference between MS and non-MS participants following loss of relevant ankle proprioception. However, the reintroduction of reliable ankle signals led, for the non-MS participants, to an increase of the ER originating from a previously up-weighted vestibular information during the sway-referenced situation. This suggests inter-individual differences in re-weighting dynamics in relation to car-sickness susceptibility.
A Lightweight Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Algorithm Based on the Residual Feature Distillation Mechanism
Authors: Yu Zihan , Xie Kai , Wen Chang , He Jianbiao , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the development of image super-resolution (SR) has explored the capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The current research tends to use deeper CNNs to improve performance. However, blindly increasing the depth of the network does not effectively enhance its performance. Moreover, as the network depth increases, more issues arise during the training process, requiring additional training techniques. In this paper, we propose a lightweight image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm (SISR-RFDM) based on the residual feature distillation mechanism (RFDM). Building upon residual blocks, we introduce spatial attention (SA) modules to provide more informative cues for recovering high-frequency details such as image edges and textures. Additionally, the output of each residual block is utilized as hierarchical features for global feature fusion (GFF), enhancing inter-layer information flow and feature reuse. Finally, all these features are fed into the reconstruction module to restore high-quality images. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other comparative algorithms in terms of both subjective visual effects and objective evaluation quality. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved by 0.23 dB, and the structural similarity index (SSIM) reaches 0.9607.
Unveiling IoT Customer Behaviour: Segmentation and Insights for Enhanced IoT-CRM Strategies: A Real Case Study
Authors: Eslami Elaheh , Razi Nazila , Lonbani Mahshid , Rezazadeh Javad
Published: February 2024

In today’s competitive landscape, achieving customer-centricity is paramount for the sustainable growth and success of organisations. This research is dedicated to understanding customer preferences in the context of the Internet of things (IoT) and employs a two-part modeling approach tailored to this digital era. In the first phase, we leverage the power of the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm to segment IoT customers based on their connected device usage patterns. This segmentation approach reveals three distinct customer clusters, with the second cluster demonstrating the highest propensity for IoT device adoption and usage. In the second phase, we introduce a robust decision tree methodology designed to prioritize various factors influencing customer satisfaction in the IoT ecosystem. We employ the classification and regression tree (CART) technique to analyze 17 key questions that assess the significance of factors impacting IoT device purchase decisions. By aligning these factors with the identified IoT customer clusters, we gain profound insights into customer behaviour and preferences in the rapidly evolving world of connected devices. This comprehensive analysis delves into the factors contributing to customer retention in the IoT space, with a strong emphasis on crafting logical marketing strategies, enhancing customer satisfaction, and fostering customer loyalty in the digital realm. Our research methodology involves surveys and questionnaires distributed to 207 IoT users, categorizing them into three distinct IoT customer groups. Leveraging analytical statistical methods, regression analysis, and IoT-specific tools and software, this study rigorously evaluates the factors influencing IoT device purchases. Importantly, this approach not only effectively clusters the IoT customer relationship management (IoT-CRM) dataset but also provides valuable visualisations that are essential for understanding the complex dynamics of the IoT customer landscape. Our findings underscore the critical role of logical marketing strategies, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in enhancing customer retention in the IoT era. This research offers a significant contribution to businesses seeking to optimize their IoT-CRM strategies and capitalize on the opportunities presented by the IoT ecosystem.
Frequency Instability Impact of Low-Cost SDRs on Doppler-Based Localization Accuracy
Authors: Bednarz Kacper , Wojtuń Jarosław , Kelner Jan M. , Różyc Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we explore several widely available software-defined radio (SDR) platforms that could be used for locating with the signal Doppler frequency (SDF) method. In the SDF, location error is closely related to the accuracy of determining the Doppler frequency shift. Therefore, ensuring high frequency stability of the SDR, which is utilized in the location sensor, plays a crucial role. So, we define three device classes based on the measured frequency stability of selected SDRs without and with an external rubidium clock. We estimate the localization accuracy for these classes for two scenarios, i.e., short- and long-range. Using an external frequency standard reduces the location error from 20 km to 30 m or 15 km to 2 m for long- and short-range scenarios, respectively. The obtained simulation results allowed us to choose an SDR with appropriate stability. The studies showed that using an external frequency standard is necessary for minimizing SDR frequency instability in the Doppler effect-based location sensor. Additionally, we review small-size frequency oscillators. For further research, we propose two location sensor systems with small size and weight, low power consumption, and appropriate frequency stability. In our opinion, the SDF location sensor should be based on the bladeRF 2.0 micro xA4 or USRP B200mini-i SDR platform, both with the chip-scale atomic clock CSAC SA.45s, which will allow for minor positioning errors in the radio emitters.
Estimating Bridge Natural Frequencies Based on Modal Analysis of Vehicle–Bridge Synchronized Vibration Data
Authors: Mudahemuka Eugene , Miyagi Masatatsu , Shin Ryota , Kaneko Naoki , Okada Yukihiko , Yamamoto Kyosuke
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a method for accurately estimating the natural frequencies of bridges by simultaneously measuring the acceleration vibration data of vehicles and bridges and applying modal analysis theory. Vibration sensors synchronized with GPS timing were installed on both vehicles and bridges, achieving stable and high-precision time synchronization. This enabled the computation of the bridge’s Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) for each mode, leading to a refined estimation of natural frequencies. The validity of the theory was confirmed through numerical simulations and experimental tests. The simulations confirmed its effectiveness, and similar trends were observed in actual bridge measurements. Consequently, this method significantly enhances the feasibility of bridge health monitoring systems. The proposed method is suitable for road bridges with spans ranging from short- to medium-span length, where the vehicle is capable of exciting the bridge.
Monitoring of Antarctica’s Fragile Vegetation Using Drone-Based Remote Sensing, Multispectral Imagery and AI
Authors: Raniga Damini , Amarasingam Narmilan , Sandino Juan , Doshi Ashray , Barthelemy Johan , Randall Krystal , Robinson Sharon A. , Gonzalez Felipe , Bollard Barbara
Published: February 2024

Vegetation in East Antarctica, such as moss and lichen, vulnerable to the effects of climate change and ozone depletion, requires robust non-invasive methods to monitor its health condition. Despite the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to acquire high-resolution data for vegetation analysis in Antarctic regions through artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the use of multispectral imagery and deep learning (DL) is quite limited. This study addresses this gap with two pivotal contributions: (1) it underscores the potential of deep learning (DL) in a field with notably limited implementations for these datasets; and (2) it introduces an innovative workflow that compares the performance between two supervised machine learning (ML) classifiers: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and U-Net. The proposed workflow is validated by detecting and mapping moss and lichen using data collected in the highly biodiverse Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) 135, situated near Casey Station, between January and February 2023. The implemented ML models were trained against five classes: Healthy Moss, Stressed Moss, Moribund Moss, Lichen, and Non-vegetated. In the development of the U-Net model, two methods were applied: Method (1) which utilised the original labelled data as those used for XGBoost; and Method (2) which incorporated XGBoost predictions as additional input to that version of U-Net. Results indicate that XGBoost demonstrated robust performance, exceeding 85% in key metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. The workflow suggested enhanced accuracy in the classification outputs for U-Net, as Method 2 demonstrated a substantial increase in precision, recall and F1-score compared to Method 1, with notable improvements such as precision for Healthy Moss (Method 2: 94% vs. Method 1: 74%) and recall for Stressed Moss (Method 2: 86% vs. Method 1: 69%). These findings contribute to advancing non-invasive monitoring techniques for the delicate Antarctic ecosystems, showcasing the potential of UAVs, high-resolution multispectral imagery, and ML models in remote sensing applications.
A Planar Multi-Inertial Navigation Strategy for Autonomous Systems for Signal-Variable Environments
Authors: Dong Wenbin , Lu Cheng , Bao Le , Li Wenqi , Shin Kyoosik , Han Changsoo
Published: February 2024

The challenge of precise dynamic positioning for mobile robots is addressed through the development of a multi-inertial navigation system (M-INSs). The inherent cumulative sensor errors prevalent in traditional single inertial navigation systems (INSs) under dynamic conditions are mitigated by a novel algorithm, integrating multiple INS units in a predefined planar configuration, utilizing fixed distances between the units as invariant constraints. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to significantly enhance the positioning accuracy. Dynamic experimental validation of the proposed 3INS EKF algorithm reveals a marked improvement over individual INS units, with the positioning errors reduced and stability increased, resulting in an average accuracy enhancement rate exceeding 60%. This advancement is particularly critical for mobile robot applications that demand high precision, such as autonomous driving and disaster search and rescue. The findings from this study not only demonstrate the potential of M-INSs to improve dynamic positioning accuracy but also to provide a new research direction for future advancements in robotic navigation systems.
Calibration of a Low-Cost Methane Sensor Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mitchell Hazel Louise , Cox Simon J. , Lewis Hugh G.
Published: February 2024

In order to combat greenhouse gas emissions, the sources of these emissions must be understood. Environmental monitoring using low-cost wireless devices is one method of measuring emissions in crucial but remote settings, such as peatlands. The Figaro NGM2611-E13 is a low-cost methane detection module based around the TGS2611-E00 sensor. The manufacturer provides sensitivity characteristics for methane concentrations above 300 ppm, but lower concentrations are typical in outdoor settings. This study investigates the potential to calibrate these sensors for lower methane concentrations using machine learning. Models of varying complexity, accounting for temperature and humidity variations, were trained on over 50,000 calibration datapoints, spanning 0–200 ppm methane, 5–30 °C and 40–80% relative humidity. Interaction terms were shown to improve model performance. The final selected model achieved a root-mean-square error of 5.1 ppm and an R2 of 0.997, demonstrating the potential for the NGM2611-E13 sensor to measure methane concentrations below 200 ppm.
Propulsive Force Modulation Drives Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hagen Andrew C. , Patrick Christopher M. , Bast Isaac E. , Fling Brett W.
Published: February 2024

Most people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience significant gait asymmetries between their legs during walking, leading to an increased risk of falls. Split-belt treadmill training, where the speed of each limb is controlled independently, alters each leg’s stepping pattern and can improve gait symmetry in PwMS. However, the biomechanical mechanisms of this adaptation in PwMS remain poorly understood. In this study, 32 PwMS underwent a 10 min split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm with the more affected (MA) leg moving twice as fast as the less affected (LA) leg. The most noteworthy biomechanical adaptation observed was increased peak propulsion asymmetry between the limbs. A kinematic analysis revealed that peak dorsiflexion asymmetry and the onset of plantarflexion in the MA limb were the primary contributors to the observed increases in peak propulsion. In contrast, the joints in the LA limb underwent only immediate reactive adjustments without subsequent adaptation. These findings demonstrate that modulation during gait adaptation in PwMS occurs primarily via propulsive forces and joint motions that contribute to propulsive forces. Understanding these distinct biomechanical changes during adaptation enhances our grasp of the rehabilitative impact of split-belt treadmill training, providing insights for refining therapeutic interventions aimed at improving gait symmetry.
A Review of Recent Advances in Human-Motion Energy Harvesting Nanogenerators, Self-Powering Smart Sensors and Self-Charging Electronics
Authors: Gołąbek Justyna , Strankowski Michał
Published: February 2024

In recent years, portable and wearable personal electronic devices have rapidly developed with increasing mass production and rising energy consumption, creating an energy crisis. Using batteries and supercapacitors with limited lifespans and environmental hazards drives the need to find new, environmentally friendly, and renewable sources. One idea is to harness the energy of human motion and convert it into electrical energy using energy harvesting devices—piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and hybrids. They are characterized by a wide variety of features, such as lightness, flexibility, low cost, richness of materials, and many more. These devices offer the opportunity to use new technologies such as IoT, AI or HMI and create smart self-powered sensors, actuators, and self-powered implantable/wearable devices. This review focuses on recent examples of PENGs, TENGs and hybrid devices for wearable and implantable self-powered systems. The basic mechanisms of operation, micro/nano-scale material selection and manufacturing processes of selected examples are discussed. Current challenges and the outlook for the future of the nanogenerators are also discussed.
A Novel Cloud-Based IoT Framework for Secure Health Monitoring
Authors: Ebadinezhad Sahar , Mobolade Temitope Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

The growing use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in a variety of sectors, including healthcare, has opened up new possibilities for gathering and analyzing patient data. In some cases, the elderly are exposed to significant risk and even mortality as a result of the global aging problem, which has become a burden in recent years. Numerous IoT devices are being created to monitor, track, and record the actions of the elderly to reduce these hazards. This study proposed a novel, dependable, cloud-based remote system patient monitoring framework for IoT health detection. The main distinguished part of this research is that we rarely can find a framework in the literature that is based on real-time systems by considering heartbeat (BPM), blood oxygen (SpO2), and body temperature at the same time. The implementation and testing of this real-time system is classified into six distinctly separated phases for developing both the hardware and software. To verify the performance of the suggested system, data were gathered from BOT-IoT datasets. The outcome enhances patient satisfaction, secure data transmission, and healthcare outcomes by showing that the proposed framework is more efficient than other compared protocols in terms of the decision time, which is 16.3 seconds for 46 features, with 100% accuracy.
Use of Zeolite (Chabazite) Supplemented with Effective Microorganisms for Wastewater Mitigation of a Marine Fish Farm
Authors: Lenzi Mauro , Leporatti Persiano Marco , Ciarapica Maurizio , D’Agostino Antonella
Published: February 2024

A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chabazite zeolite in mitigating ammonia levels in wastewater from a land-based marine fish farm in southern Tuscany (Italy). The fish farm discharges effluent into a lagoon, constituting an important eutrophication source. The experimental setup involved a pond/canal that received wastewater from three sea bream tanks (40 L/s). A 50 m canal section was divided into two parallel halves (T and B), each about 3 m wide. In T, a chabazite bed (granules about 3 cm ϕ) was placed that was about 6 cm thick; B was untreated and used as a control. Five sampling trials were conducted in both T and B to determine N-NH4, N-NO3, and P-PO4 levels, in surface and near-bottom waters at both input and output. Prior to the zeolite addition, T and B sediments were sampled for TN and TP determination. Results indicated the not-managed canal system released nutrients and the output values were higher than the input, overshadowing the zeolite effects. Significant zeolite effects were observed by comparing B and T for differences between input and output: in T, nitrate increased (p = 0.05), demonstrating a resumption of nitrification, and ammonium (p = 0.07) and SRP (p = 0.06) decreased, in contrast to B.
A Framework for Sustainable Manufacturing: Integrating Industry 4.0 Technologies with Industry 5.0 Values
Authors: Martín-Gómez Alejandro M. , Agote-Garrido Alejandro , Lama-Ruiz Juan Ramón
Published: February 2024

The limitations imposed by resource scarcity and the imperative to mitigate adverse environmental and societal impacts have intensified the urgency of developing more sustainable manufacturing systems. Simultaneously, the rapid development and implementation of new technologies is exacerbating the digital divide among vulnerable workers. Concomitantly, the enabling technologies stemming from Industry 4.0 offer significant potential to enhance the competitiveness of manufacturing systems. However, the impact of these enabling technologies on achieving sustainable manufacturing remains uncertain. This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration to address this knowledge gap. Initially, it assesses the suitability of each enabling technology within Industry 4.0 across the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Subsequently, the needs of the production process are studied to characterize its sustainable performance. For this, the ASTM E3012-22 standard is introduced. Building upon this foundation, the incorporation of Industry 5.0 is introduced to guide the selection of enabling technologies for sustainability based on its core values, encompassing sustainability, human-centricity, and resilience. The integration of new technologies guided by these values can help bridge the technological divide among vulnerable workers. Finally, a theoretical framework is proposed to enable the design of sustainable manufacturing systems guided by Industry 5.0 values. This framework enables the seamless integration of enabling technologies, machinery, and human expertise throughout the system life cycle.
Compared Environmental Lifecycle Performances of Earth-Based Walls to Drive Building Envelope Design
Authors: Giuffrida Giada , Dipasquale Letizia , Pulselli Riccardo Maria , Caponetto Rosa
Published: February 2024

Raw earth has useful applications in contemporary buildings as a sustainable and circular construction material. The present study aims to assess the environmental performance of several earth-based wall systems with similar thermal performance, through a life cycle thinking approach. In particular, a life cycle assessment is developed for (a) unstabilized rammed earth (produced in situ), (b) compressed earth blocks (prefabricated in the factory), (c) stabilized rammed earth and (d) light earth, all combined with biobased (natural fibers, e.g., lime hemp, cork) and/or conventional materials for building insulation. Results show benefits in terms of avoided carbon emission, water footprint and embodied energy throughout the production chain and highlight limits and potential improvements. In addition, the CO2 offset by crops is also estimated based on carbon embedded in natural fibers. In particular, light earth wall systems are the most suitable to minimize environmental impacts, while massive constructive technologies (as unstabilized rammed earth) show a higher dynamic thermal performance for intended use in Mediterranean climates.
Sustainable Composites Containing Post-Production Wood Waste as a Key Element of the Circular Economy: Processing and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Czarnecka-Komorowska Dorota , Wachowiak Damian , Gizelski Krzysztof , Kanciak Wiktoria , Ondrušová Darina , Pajtášová Mariana
Published: February 2024

This paper develops a technology for manufacturing a biocomposite using post-production wood waste as filler, but also as an alternative material that can substitute traditional composites. Three types of post-production wood waste, i.e., ash wood chips, oak chips and medium-density wood fiberboard (MDF), were used in this study. Three different biocomposites were produced for each of these materials, differing in the content of waste to polymer. The biodegradable and compostable bioplastic Mater-Bi (CF05S) was obtained using the pioneering proprietary technologies of Novamont company using starches, cellulose, vegetable oils and their combinations. Mater-Bi was used as the matrix of the composite, which, due to its chemical composition, allows the production of fully biodegradable composites. The physicochemical properties, such as static tensile, impact, water absorption and hardness, were investigated. The results provide the basis for a detailed analysis of the properties of the biocomposites and made it possible to accurately determine their properties. The results show that the optimal solution is the Mater-Bi biocomposite with 20 wt.% oak filler content, which shows the most favorable adhesion strength and water absorption. The research conducted here is in the context of issues related to sustainability and a circular economy, through waste management, as well as through the production of biodegradable construction products.
Enhancing Streamflow Prediction Physically Consistently Using Process-Based Modeling and Domain Knowledge: A Review
Authors: Yifru Bisrat Ayalew , Lim Kyoung Jae , Lee Seoro
Published: February 2024

Streamflow prediction (SFP) constitutes a fundamental basis for reliable drought and flood forecasting, optimal reservoir management, and equitable water allocation. Despite significant advancements in the field, accurately predicting extreme events continues to be a persistent challenge due to complex surface and subsurface watershed processes. Therefore, in addition to the fundamental framework, numerous techniques have been used to enhance prediction accuracy and physical consistency. This work provides a well-organized review of more than two decades of efforts to enhance SFP in a physically consistent way using process modeling and flow domain knowledge. This review covers hydrograph analysis, baseflow separation, and process-based modeling (PBM) approaches. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of each technique and a discussion of their applications. Additionally, the existing techniques are categorized, revealing research gaps and promising avenues for future research. Overall, this review paper offers valuable insights into the current state of enhanced SFP within a physically consistent, domain knowledge-informed data-driven modeling framework.
A Symmetry of Boundary Functions Method for Solving the Backward Time-Fractional Diffusion Problems
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Kuo Chung-Lun , Chang Chih-Wen
Published: February 2024

In the paper, we develop three new methods for estimating unknown initial temperature in a backward time-fractional diffusion problem, which is transformed to a space-dependent inverse source problem for a new variable in the first method. Then, the initial temperature can be recovered by solving a second-order boundary value problem. The boundary functions and a unique zero element constitute a group symmetry. We derive energetic boundary functions in the symmetry group as the bases to retrieve the source term as an unknown function of space and time. In the second method, the solution bases are energetic boundary functions, and then by collocating the governing equation we obtain the expansion coefficients for retrieving the entire solution and initial temperature. For the first two methods, boundary fluxes are over-specified to retrieve the initial condition. In the third method, we give two boundary conditions and a final time temperature to construct the bases in another symmetry group; the governing equation is collocated to a linear system to obtain the whole solution (initial temperature involved). These three methods are assessed and compared by numerical experiments.
MazEF Homologs in Symbiobacterium thermophilum Exhibit Cross-Neutralization with Non-Cognate MazEFs
Authors: Jiang Yu-Nong , Tamiya-Ishitsuka Hiroko , Aoi Rie , Okabe Takuma , Yokota Akiko , Noda Naohiro
Published: February 2024

Toxin–antitoxin systems are preserved by nearly every prokaryote. The type II toxin MazF acts as a sequence-specific endoribonuclease, cleaving ribonucleotides at specific sequences that vary from three to seven bases, as has been reported in different host organisms to date. The present study characterized the MazEF module (MazEF-sth) conserved in the Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM14863 strain, a Gram-negative syntrophic bacterium that can be supported by co-culture with multiple bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. Based on a method combining massive parallel sequencing and the fluorometric assay, MazF-sth was determined to cleave ribonucleotides at the UACAUA motif, which is markedly similar to the motifs recognized by MazF from B. subtilis (MazF-bs), and by several MazFs from Gram-positive bacteria. MazF-sth, with mutations at conserved amino acid residues Arg29 and Thr52, lost most ribonuclease activity, indicating that these residues that are crucial for MazF-bs also play significant roles in MazF-sth catalysis. Further, cross-neutralization between MazF-sth and the non-cognate MazE-bs was discovered, and herein, the neutralization mechanism is discussed based on a protein-structure simulation via AlphaFold2 and multiple sequence alignment. The conflict between the high homology shared by these MazF amino acid sequences and the few genetic correlations among their host organisms may provide evidence of horizontal gene transfer.
Bioaccumulation of Microcystin-LR and Induced Physio-Biochemical Changes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Vegetative Stage under Hydroponic Culture Conditions
Authors: Jiang Jinlin , Shi Yue , Tian Feng , Long Tao , Li Xuzhi , Ying Rongrong
Published: February 2024

Irrigation with water containing a variety of microcystins (MCs) may pose a potential threat to the normal growth of agricultural plants. To investigate the phytotoxicity of MC-LR at environmental concentrations on rice (Oryza sativa L.), the characteristics of uptake and accumulation in plant tissues, as well as a series of key physio-biochemical process changes in leaves of rice seedlings, were measured at concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, 10.0, and 50.0 μg·L−1 in hydroponic nutrient solutions for 7, 15, 20, and 34 days. Results showed that MC-LR could be detected in rice leaves and roots in exposure groups; however, a significant accumulation trend of MC-LR in plants (BCF > 1) was only found in the 0.10 μg·L−1 group. The time-course study revealed a biphasic response of O2•− levels in rice leaves to the exposure of MC-LR, which could be attributed to the combined effects of the antioxidant system and detoxification reaction in rice. Exposure to 1.0–50.0 μg·L−1 MC-LR resulted in significant depletion of GSH and MDA contents in rice leaves at later exposure times (15–34 days). Low MC-LR concentrations promoted nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, whereas high concentrations inhibited NOS activity during the later exposure times. The reduced sucrose synthase (SS) activities in rice exposed to MC-LR for 34 days indicated a decrease in the carbon accumulation ability of plants, and therefore may be directly related to the inhibition of plant growth under MC exposure. These findings indicate that the normal physiological status would be disrupted in terrestrial plants, even under exposure to low concentrations of MC-LR.
Structural Assignment of the Product Ion Generated from a Natural Ciguatoxin-3C Congener, 51-Hydroxyciguatoxin-3C, and Discovery of Distinguishable Signals in Congeners Bearing the 51-Hydroxy Group
Authors: Ukai Ryogo , Uchida Hideaki , Sugaya Kouichi , Onose Jun-ichi , Oshiro Naomasa , Yasumoto Takeshi , Abe Naoki
Published: February 2024

Ciguatoxins (CTXs) stand as the primary toxins causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and are essential compounds distinguished by their characteristic polycyclic ether structure. In a previous report, we identified the structures of product ions generated via homolytic fragmentation by assuming three charge sites in the mass spectrometry (MS)/MS spectrum of ciguatoxin-3C (CTX3C) using LC-MS. This study aims to elucidate the homolytic fragmentation of a ciguatoxin-3C congener. We assigned detailed structures of the product ions in the MS/MS spectrum of a naturally occurring ciguatoxin-3C congener, 51-hydroxyciguatoxin-3C (51-hydoxyCTX3C), employing liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. The introduction of a hydroxy substituent on C51 induced different fragmentation pathways, including a novel cleavage mechanism of the M ring involving the elimination of 51-OH and the formation of enol ether. Consequently, new cleavage patterns generated product ions at m/z 979 (C55H79O15), 439 (C24H39O7), 149 (C10H13O), 135 (C9H11O), and 115 (C6H11O2). Additionally, characteristic product ions were observed at m/z 509 (C28H45O8), 491 (C28H43O7), 481 (C26H41O8), 463 (C26H39O7), 439 (C24H39O7), 421 (C24H37O6), 171 (C9H15O3), 153 (C9H13O2), 141 (C8H13O2), and 123 (C8H11O).
Environmental Factors Impacting the Development of Toxic Cyanobacterial Proliferations in a Central Texas Reservoir
Authors: Perri Katherine A. , Bellinger Brent J. , Ashworth Matt P. , Manning Schonna R.
Published: February 2024

Cyanobacterial harmful algal proliferations (cyanoHAPs) are increasingly associated with dog and livestock deaths when benthic mats break free of their substrate and float to the surface. Fatalities have been linked to neurotoxicosis from anatoxins, potent alkaloids produced by certain genera of filamentous cyanobacteria. After numerous reports of dog illnesses and deaths at a popular recreation site on Lady Bird Lake, Austin, Texas in late summer 2019, water and floating mat samples were collected from several sites along the reservoir. Water quality parameters were measured and mat samples were maintained for algal isolation and DNA identification. Samples were also analyzed for cyanobacterial toxins using LC-MS. Dihydroanatoxin-a was detected in mat materials from two of the four sites (0.6–133 ng/g wet weight) while water samples remained toxin-free over the course of the sampling period; no other cyanobacterial toxins were detected. DNA sequencing analysis of cyanobacterial isolates yielded a total of 11 genera, including Geitlerinema, Tyconema, Pseudanabaena, and Phormidium/Microcoleus, taxa known to produce anatoxins, including dihydroanatoxin, among other cyanotoxins. Analyses indicate that low daily upriver dam discharge, higher TP and NO3 concentrations, and day of the year were the main parameters associated with the presence of toxic floating cyanobacterial mats.
Improved Viability of Spray-Dried Pantoea agglomerans for Phage-Carrier Mediated Control of Fire Blight
Authors: Ibrahim Nassereldin , Nesbitt Darlene , Guo Qian (Tracy) , Lin Janet , Svircev Antonet , Wang Qi , Weadge Joel T. , Anany Hany
Published: February 2024

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating bacterial disease that threatens apple and pear production. It is mainly controlled by using antibiotics, such as streptomycin. Due to development of E. amylovora resistant strains and the excessive agricultural use of antibiotics, there is an increased awareness of the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer to other microbes. Urgent development of biocontrol agents (BCAs) is needed that can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs as antibiotic alternatives. A novel phage-carrier system (PCS) that combines an antagonistic bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans, with its ability to act as a phage-carrier bacterium for Erwinia phages has been developed. The low viability of P. agglomerans cells following spray-drying (SD) has been a challenge for the industrial-scale production of this PCS. Here, an SD protocol was developed for P. agglomerans by modifying the growth medium and bacterial cell formulation using D(+)-trehalose and maltodextrin. The developed protocol is amenable to the industrial-scale production of the BCA/PCS. The P. agglomerans viability was greater than 90% after SD and had a shelf life at 4 °C of 4 months, and reconstituted cells showed a 3 log reduction in E. amylovora counts with a pear disc assay.
Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Biodiversity in Italy
Authors: Bottari Teresa , Mghili Bilal , Gunasekaran Kannan , Mancuso Monique
Published: February 2024

Plastic litter is a global threat affecting all marine ecosystems. Utilizing digital media platforms like Google, Facebook, and Instagram we assessed the detrimental effects of marine plastic litter on the biodiversity of the Italian marine ecosystem. We noted that marine plastic litter had adverse consequences on marine reptiles, mammals, sea birds, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks, including endangered and vulnerable marine species. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) was the most recorded species found entangled in plastic litter. Our investigation revealed that abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear are the primary contributors to the entanglement of numerous marine species. The current study represents a preliminary step towards establishing databases that document records of entanglement, which may be useful in adopting new conservation measures in the Mediterranean geographical subareas. Our results emphasize the critical need for collaborative efforts among all stakeholders and policymakers to effectively manage marine plastic litter.
Designing the roof of an office building using Model Studio CS
Authors:   Normasoft training center, Russia, Moscow, Latypov D.I. , Zverev A.I. ,   Normasoft training cente,r Russia, Moscow
Published: February 2024

The article discusses new approaches to the development of project sections when designing buildings and structures. The authors express confidence that the presented material will be useful to both beginners and experienced designers who want to master the field of information modeling.
Mother’s Ruin: Refracting the imperial gaze
Authors:   , Lowe Neil
Published: February 2024

By considering the histories of a colonial object on the Taieri Plain in New Zealand, this text invites readers to critically examine dominant narratives and envision alternative ways of perceiving the world. The text emphasises the importance of exploring the socio-political and economic processes that shape our experiences. It also acknowledges the contested nature of our multicultural and postcolonial realities, recognising the author’s position within the research. Situated knowledges, as proposed by Donna Haraway, become a guiding principle for understanding diverse perspectives without falling into relativism. The author then invites us to think with Slavoj Žižek and Ann Stoler about ideology, violence and imperial debris. With Žižek, we consider the operation of ideology and violence. With Ann Stoler's concept of imperial debris and ruination, we expand our gaze beyond physical structures to the effects of colonial legacies that shape contemporary realities. These ideas are then distilled into a visual lexicon of images that are transformed through layering, accumulation and juxtaposition, deploying water, space, light, shatter, digitisation, glitch and reflection in an attempt to refract the imperial gaze.
The jurisdiction of Military Justice in Brazil
Authors: Da Rosa Sinomar Alves
Published: February 2024

In the scenario of the Brazilian justice system, the discussion surrounding the Homeland Military Justice emerges as a crucial point, often relegated to silence in our country's debates. Surprisingly, even within the military sphere, the subject remains in a state of relative obscurity, lacking a more profound and scientifically grounded approach. The time has come to align the practiced experience in military life with a thorough theoretical analysis, thus seeking to dissipate the aura of mystery surrounding this topic. In this context, the present study assumes a prominent role by proposing to rigorously analyze the competence of the Union Military Justice in the judgment of civilians in times of peace. With this purpose, the investigation is guided by a question of high relevance: to what extent does the competence of the Union Military Justice to judge civilians in times of peace align with the fundamental precepts established in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil? By exploring this intricate path, the aim is not only to promote a profound reflection on the subject, but also to contribute to the enrichment of the national legal panorama. The integration of practice and theory emerges as a powerful tool to elucidate the nuances of this competence, facing the challenges that arise and paving a more solid ground for future debate. Therefore, it is under this premise of deepening and clarification that this study proposes to navigate the intricacies of the Union Military Justice, unveiling the foundations that govern it and investigating its consonance with the constitutional principles that govern our nation.
DETERMINAN LABA BERSIH DENGAN EKUITAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR
Authors: Sastrawan Rahman , Saputra Edi , Toliang Ermina
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of establishing a company is to make a profit, so that the business continues to grow. Factors that influence a company's net profit are sales, production costs, operational costs and income taxes. The aim of this research is to see how much influence sales, production costs, operational costs, income taxes have on net profit: equity as moderation (Study of Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period). The population of this research is manufacturing companies operating in the food and beverage sub sector which are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with the level of clarity (explanation) method. The data used in this research is secondary data in the form of financial reports of food and beverage sector manufacturing companies for 2019-2022. The analysis method for hypothesis testing uses the Eviews application using a panel data regression model. The research results show that sales, production costs and operational costs have no effect on the company's net profit and equity cannot moderate it, while income tax has a significant effect on net profit and the company's equity cannot moderate it.

Keywords: Sales, Production Costs, Operational Costs, Income Tax, Net Profit
ОБРІЇ І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СЛАВІСТИКИ: ІІІ МІЖНАРОДНА СЛАВІСТИЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦІЯ, ПРИСВЯЧЕНА ПАМ’ЯТІ СВЯТИХ КИРИЛА І МЕФОДІЯ (Київ – Софія –Харків –Шумен. 23 травня 2023)
Authors: Маленко Олена , Муслієнко Олена
Published: February 2024

У пропонованому матеріалі подано інформацію про доповіді, що пролунали на пленарному та секційному засіданнях (кейс літературознавство), які проходили в межах ІІІ Міжнародної славістичної конференції, присвяченої пам’яті святих Кирила і Мефодія. Конференція відбулася в Харківському національному педагогічному університеті імені Г. С. Сковороди напередодні Дня слов’янської писемності і культури. Співорганізатором цього наукового форуму є Шуменський університет імені єпископа Константина Преславського, а партнерами стали національні академії наук України й Болгарії. Тема конференції: «Національні наукові традиції в слов’янському світі». З-поміж актуальних питань слов’янського літературознавства були такі, що торкалися історичних аспектів літератури, медієвістики, проблем жанрової, мотивної й образної специфіки тих чи тих літературних текстів. Також продуктивними виявилися питання сучасної методології літературознавчих досліджень, компаративістики, проблеми інтертекстуальності. Українське літературознавство було представлене виступами науковців Інституту літератури імені Т. Г. Шевченка, зокрема Л. Генералюк, Л. Тарнашинської, П. Михеда, С. Лущій; літературознавчі напрацювання презентували вчені з ХНПУ імені Г.С. Сковороди – О. Муслієнко, Н. Левченко, С. Криворучко, А. Козлова. Словацьке літературознавство було представлене Ф. Штейнбуком. Болгарське літературознавство презентували науковці з Інституту літератури – А. Мілтенова, М. Гіргінова та Шуменського університету С. Цанов, Д. Чавдарова, Н. Цочева, Г. Шалаверова, Д. Чавдарова та ін. У перебігові роботи кейсу з літературознавства після кожного виступу виникали цікаві обговорення й розгорталися жваві дискусії довкола презентованих тем. Конференція довела, що науковці прагнуть активного професійного спілкування, результатом чого стають нові ідеї, думки, пошуки. Головне, що всі дослідження, представлені на конференції, були спрямовані на гуманістичні цінності, на мир і повноцінне буття людини у вільному суспільстві.