bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The potential opportunities for using wood biomass in energy production
Authors: Parzych Stanisław
Published: May 2018

This paper presents results of a meta-analysis on the theoretical and economic aspects of using wood biomass for the production of energy in Poland. The source data used in the analyses were obtained from various official sources and statistics as well as previously published scientific studies. The results lead to the conclusion that the wood biomass supplied for energy production in the year 2012 amounted to a total of 18 million cubic meters, of which forestry supplied 6.8 million m3, the wood industry 6.5 million m3 and public utilities provided 4.5 million m3.
Resources of dead wood in the municipal forests in Warsaw
Authors: Skwarek Konrad , Bijak Szymon
Published: May 2018

Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in order to allocate 55 sample plots. For these plots, we determined the volume of dead wood including standing dead trees, coarse woody debris and broken branches as well as uprooted trees. We calculated the amount of dead wood in the distinguished site-species-age layers and for individual complexes. The volume of dead matter in municipal forests in Warsaw amounted to 38,761 m3, i.e. 13.7 m3/ha. The obtained results correspond to the current regulations concerning the amount of dead organic matter to be left in forests. Only in the Las Bielański complex (northern Warsaw) volume of dead wood is comparable to the level observed in Polish national parks or nature reserves, which is still far lower than the values found for natural forests. In general, municipal forests in Warsaw stand out positively in terms of dead wood quantity and a high degree of variation in the forms and dimensions of dead wood.
Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on drought resistance in hawthorn seedlings
Authors: Ashkavand Peyman , Tabari Masoud , Zarafshar Mehrdad , Tomášková Ivana , Struve Daniel
Published: May 2018

Drought is a significant factor limiting crop production in arid regions while hawthorns (Crataegus sp.) are an important component of such region’s forests. Therefore, treatments that increase hawthorn drought resistance may also increase transplanting success. Thus, the physiological and biochemical responses of hawthorn seedlings to a factorial combination of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs at 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg L−1) and three soil moisture treatments (without stress, moderate stress and severe stress) were investigated. Seedlings were irrigated with one of the four concentrations of SNPs for 45 days before exposing them to drought stress. Photosynthesis parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative water content (RWC), membrane electrolyte leakage (ELI) as well as chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate and proline content were determined. At the end of the experiment, positive effects by SNP pre-treatment on physiological indexes were observed during drought stress. Under drought conditions, the effect of SNPs on photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was evident. Although the SNPs increased plant biomass, xylem water potential and MDA content, especially under drought conditions, RWC and ELI were not affected by the SNP pre-treatments. Seedlings pre-treated with SNPs had a decreased carbohydrate and proline content under all water regimes, but especially so under drought. Total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content did not change among the treatments. Generally, the findings imply that SNPs play a positive role in maintaining critical physiological and biochemical functions in hawthorn seedlings under drought stress conditions. However, more studies are needed before the physiological and biochemical basis of induced drought resistance can be determined.
Latitudinal variability of the radiation microclimate in artificial forest gaps in Poland – the modelling perspective
Authors: Bolibok Leszek , Brach Michał , Drozdowski Stanisław , Szeligowski Henryk
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to characterize latitudinal changes in the radiative microclimate of small forest openings (artificial gaps) under Polish conditions. The global, direct and diffuse radiation on the forest floor in gaps was modelled using the Solar Radiation tool in ArcGiS 10.2 Esri. The gaps were modelled as holes of elliptical shape (60 m × 40 m diameters) in flat terrain and with a depth of 20 to 30 meters to mimic the height of a surrounding tree stand. The range of global radiation diversity on an open and flat surface predicted by our model was comparable with findings of empirical studies. Theoretically, the investigated gaps in the northern-most part of Poland receive only 82% of global solar radiation, 74% direct and 90% of diffuse radiation compared to gaps in the most southern part of the country. The comparison with empirical data indicates that local values of the transmittance parameter of the atmosphere may have a large influence on the actual values of solar radiation and may partially mask the latitudinal impact. Nevertheless, the model constitutes a valuable tool for characterising solar radiation diversity in a gap and supports silvicultural decision-making.
Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains
Authors: Ambroży Sławomir , Zachara Tadeusz , Kapsa Mariusz , Chomicz-Zegar Elżbieta , Vytseha Ruslan
Published: May 2018

One of the tree species appearing after a decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains is Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. Therefore our study was aimed at evaluating this birch regeneration and the dynamics of changes resulting from experimental cutting. Measurements and inventories of trees were conducted on research plots located in a ten-year old birch regeneration site with either no cutting, partial cutting (50%) or clear cutting (100%) of birch. We observed an introduction of biocenotic species (rowan, willow, aspen) as well as the target species (spruce, fir, beech) under the birch canopy. Fir and beech were also planted, because of their slow natural regeneration. The clear cut treatment caused a great number of sprouts growing from birch stumps, reaching a height of about 2 m over 3 years, resulting in competition with the regeneration of other species. Partial cutting did not cause such a drastic amount of sprouting. Furthermore, we found that only the spruce height increment is significantly less under a birch canopy compared to open space. The obtained results indicate a necessity to adjust the density and species composition of regenerating tree species under a birch canopy, avoiding complete removal of the first generation birch cover and the need to moderately thin out birch.
Wood color analysis and integrated selection of Paulownia clones grown in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Cui Lingjun , Wang Baoping , Qiao Jie , Zhang Jianguo
Published: May 2018

Paulownia Siebold et Zucc., a widely distributed native genus, has been commonly used in the furniture. The color of wood is a very important aesthetical property, and it has a fundamental influence on the commercial value of timbers. Therefore, it is critical for forest managers to select elite Paulownia clones based on the color of wood. Eighteen 5-year-old Paulownia clones grown in a hilly area in Hubei Province, China were examined in terms of color values (L*, a*, b*), color difference (ΔE*), and Hunter lab space whiteness (W) using a Chroma meter CR-400. Differences in color parameters among the 18 clones were analyzed and clustered. The results showed that the ranges of L*, a*, b*, ΔE*, and W were 77.19-80.38, 3.60-4.84, 13.79-15.69, 17.92-21.37, and 68.92-72.42, respectively. The color parameters significantly differed among the examined clones. Differential and cluster analyses indicated that clones 204, 605, 702, and 603 had higher L*, W, and lower ΔE*, rendering these as elite clones with superior color properties.
An overview of adaptative responses to drought stress in Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Saadaoui Ezzeddine , Ben Yahia Kaouther , Dhahri Samir , Ben Jamaa Mohamed Lahbib , Khouja Mohamed Larbi
Published: May 2018

Eucalyptus is a plant frequently present and cultivated in arid regions because of its high adaptation to drought. Furthermore, it is known by its numerous species which represents a great opportunity to choose several tolerant species with variable uses. Therefore, the choice of species, hybrids or genotypes resistant to aridity becomes a necessity before any plantation in regions and countries characterized by semi-arid, arid and Saharan climates. Our review shows an important effect of drought on anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters of Eucalyptus spp. Indeed, water stress acts directly on growth, yield and response to pests. However, the response to drought varies significantly among species, genotypes, hybrids and clones. This result represents a field for the selection of eucalypts tolerant and adapted to water deficit or climate change.
Pathological Alterations in Hepatocytes of Dairy Cows With a Tendency to Emaciation and Fattening
Authors: Pivko J. , Makovický P. , Makarevich A. , Sirotkin A. , Makovický P. , Kubovičová E.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the histochemical and histopathological alterations in the livers of cows with a tendency to become emaciated (body condition score - BCS1 and 2) and a tendency to become fattened (BCS4 and 5) in comparison to the cows of average body condition (BCS3) presented as a control. The histochemical analysis (PAS reaction) showed that the influence of emaciation and fattening in our study was manifested by a decreased occurrence of glycogen and a decreased level of the PAS-positive matter in the hepatocytes of dairy cows with BCS1, 2, 4 and 5. An abundant accumulation of lipids in the form of large lipid droplets, liposomes and lipoproteins observed in the hepatocytes of emaciated and fattened (BCS1 and 5) cows may be related to moderate-severe steatosis. These observations suggest a relationship between liver steatosis and the occurrence of lipoproteins in cows with a tendency toward emaciation and fattening.
Upper Cretaceous to Lower Miocene of the Subsilesian Unit (Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): stratotypes of formations revised
Authors: Bubík Miroslav , Franců Juraj , Gilíková Helena , Otava Jiří , Švábenická Lilian
Published: May 2018

Type sections/areas for all four formations distinguished in the sedimentary succession of the Subsilesian Unit on Czech territory were revisited and described. New data on lithology, sedimentology, fossil record, biostratigraphy, heavy-minerals and geochemical proxies are based on observations and analysis of these sections. The historical type section of the Frýdek Formation was destroyed during railway construction in 19th century. Outcrops of Campanian to Maastrichtian marls and sandstones on the southwestern slope of “Castle hill” at Frýdek, are proposed as a new type section. The Ostravice riverbed in Frýdlant nad Ostravicí was originally designated as the type area, not mentioning the particular section. This area, even when supplemented with Sibudov Creek, does not show all typical facies of the formation. The outcrops range from lowermost Eocene to Eocene-Oligocene transition. In the original description of the Menilite Formation Glocker mentioned several localities in the area covering the Ždanice, Subsilesian and Silesian units, not mentioning the principal one. The single sections, each not exceeding a thickness of 2 m, are not sufficient to be a type section. Instead of that, we propose the area between Paršovice and Bystřice pod Hostýnem, covering the historical localities, as the type area. The type locality of the Ženklava Formation is an outcrop in an unnamed creek in Ženklava according to the original definition. It seems to be reasonable to extend the type section to the whole 500 m long section of the creek with the outcrops that better illustrate the lithological variability of the formation. New biostratigraphic data allow assignment to late Egerian (Eggenburgian?).
Dissolution of lead matte and copper slag upon exposure to rhizosphere-like conditions
Authors: Potysz Anna , Kierczak Jakub
Published: May 2018

Metallurgical wastes displaying various chemical and mineralogical properties may reveal different behaviour under exposure to weathering conditions. The latter impact the stability of the wastes, which often results in metal release and subsequent pollution problems. The aim of this study was to compare the weathering of two types of metallurgical wastes (i.e., copper slag and lead matte) exposed to artificial root exudates organic solutions and demineralized water. The results of experimental weathering demonstrated that the extent of waste dissolution depends on the composition of weathering solution as well as on the waste properties. Artificial root exudates rich in organic acids were found to enhance elements release from sulphide rich lead matte and copper glassy slag relative to demineralized water control. The release of elements from the wastes exposed to artificial root exudates for 7 weeks reached 17.8% of Pb and 4.97% of Cu, for lead matte and granulated slag respectively. The most leachable elements may result from the dissolution of intermetallic phases hosting these elements. The fraction size ranging from 0.25–0.5 mm to 1–2 mm was found to be a minor factor in elements release under studied conditions.
Structural-textural nature and sorption properties of limestones from the mesozoic-neogene contact zone in the Bełchatów deposit
Authors: Hycnar Elżbieta
Published: May 2018

Limestones of the Jurassic age are one of the most important minerals accompanying the Bełchatówlignite deposits. They are part of the Bełchatów and Szczerców rock subsoil complex and form natural hillsides of exploitation fields, which are gradually being exposed due to the progressive exploitation of coal. So far in Bełchatów Lignite Mine nearly 2 million tonnes of limestones have been extracted, which were used in the form of highway aggregate. For the extraction (mineral recovery) approx. 2 million tonnes remained in the Bełchatów field and from 20 to nearly 70 million tonnes in the Szczerców field. The limestones occurring in the deposit Bełchatów are differential qualitatively. Those situated in direct contact with Neogene deposits are characterized by strong karstification (karst formation), and even occur in the form of detrital minerals. Furthermore, they are covered by processes of secondary mineralization. These processes caused significant diversity of phase and chemical composition, and thereby have contributed to reducing the CaCO3 content. Despite this, limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone possess excellent sorption properties in respect of SO2 in conditions of fluidised furnaces. These properties are determined firstly by their structural-textural nature, and above all with the presence of calcite sparite crystals in microcrystalline groundmass, of micropores, tectonic discontinuities, fracturings and compaction slits. With their presence, both decarbonatization and sorption processes proceed effectively. The CO2 particles are quickly removed from the structures of calcite crystals, and SO2 is able to penetrate into the interior of the sorbent grains where are absorbed on the inner surface of pores arising as a result of the decarbonatization process. These characteristic structural and textural properties of the surveyed limestones have been shaped at the diagenesis and epigenesis stage. This contributed to all chemical and mechanical compaction and cementation processes, as well as the dissolution and recrystallization processes. Despite the low CaCO3 content limestones from the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone can be successfully used in the form of sorbents to reduce SO2 emissions in conditions of fluidised furnaces.
Contribution To The Study Of Flocculation Of Digestate
Authors: Heviánková Silvie , Souček Radek , Kyncl Miroslav , Surovcová Naděžda
Published: May 2018

The paper deals with the intensification of separating the solid phase of digestate using flocculants only. The separated solid phase should subsequently be used in agriculture for fertilising. Flocculants (polyacrylamides) are difficult to biodegrade. In this respect, they should not deteriorate the properties of the solid phase and the flocculant dose must be as low as possible. The research aimed to identify the optimal cationic flocculant and its application procedure which would enable a dosage that would be both economically and ecologically acceptable. We tested 21 cationic flocculants of different charge density and molecular weight and 1 mixture of two selected flocculants (Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54) with the aim to discover the lowest possible dose of flocculating agent to achieve the effective aggregation of digestate particles. The lowest flocculant doses were obtained using the mixture of flocculants labelled Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54 in 4:1 proportion, both of a low charge density and medium molecular weight, namely 14.54 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Stonava and namely 11.80 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Vrahovice. The findings also reveal that flocculation is most effective during two-stage flocculant dosing at different mixing time and intensity.
Building Forecast Maps Of Water Quality For Main Rivers And Canals In Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Anh Duc Pham , Duong Truong Thi Thuy , Dung Dang Quoc
Published: May 2018

This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province.
Nomenclatural notes about the names in Amaranthaceae published by Roberto de Visiani
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Clementi Moreno
Published: May 2018

The names in Amaranthaceae published by R. de Visiani are investigated. Amaranthus gangeticus var. cuspidatus is a nomen nudum and thus invalid according to Art. 38.1a of the ICN. Amaranthus hierichuntinus, Atriplex patula var. hastifolia, and Chenopodium album var. oblongum are lectotypified, respectively, on a specimen preserved at PAD, and illustrations by Scopoli and Vahl. We here propose to synonymyze the three names (new synonymies) respectively with Amaranthus graecizans subsp. graecizans, Atriplex patula subsp. patula, and the type subspecies of C. album. For nomenclatural purposes, also the name C. lanceolatum Willd. (heterotypic synonym of C. album subsp. album) is investigated and lectotypified, on a specimen preserved at B.
Tamaricion dalmaticae, a new alliance from the eastern Adriatic
Authors: Jasprica Nenad
Published: May 2018

The paper describes the Tamaricion dalmaticae alliance and the Tamaricetum dalmaticae association, a new syntaxa localized under the saline or sub-halophilous conditions within the thermo-mediterranean and meso-mediterranean belts of the eastern Adriatic coast. The Tamaricion dalmaticae alliance is considered analogous to the Western Mediterranean Tamaricion africanae. The Tamaricetum dalmaticae association shows the high ecological amplitude of in terms of moisture. It develops on sandy soils only periodically inundated with sea or brackish waters, as well as on non-flooded areas in south Croatia, Montenegro and NW Albania. In Croatia, Tamaricetum dalmaticae has connections with the halophyte communities of the Sarcocornietea fruticosae and Ammophiletea classes, and the xerophilous ruderal communities of the Artemisietea vulgaris class. The habitats are exposed to disturbances and fragmentation.
Description and validation of some European forest syntaxa – a supplement to the EuroVegChecklist
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Solomeshch Ayzik , Čarni Andraž , Bergmeier Erwin , Ermakov Nikolai , Mucina Ladislav
Published: May 2018

In this paper we present nomenclatural adjustments and validations of syntaxa of the forest vegetation of Europe. We introduce a new, valid name of the class of nemoral coniferous or mixed forests (Asaro europaei-Abietetea sibiricae) replacing the deciduous Carpino-Fagetea in the easternmost Europe and Siberia. We describe two new orders for birch and birch-poplar woodlands, formerly included in the Betulo pendulae-Populetalia tremulae. We validate the names of two alliances for the deciduous forests of the Southern Urals and the name of an alliance for hemiboreal forest swamps. The suballiance Ostryo-Tilienion, coined to accommodate the xerothermophilous ravine forests of SE Europe, is here elevated to the rank of alliance. Finally, we validate the name Quercion alnifoliae (evergreen oak forests of Cyprus).
Updated Red List of bryophytes of Slovenia
Authors: Martinčič Andrej
Published: May 2018

Based on floristic data and applied taxonomy there are currently 813 species and subspecies in Slovenia – 638 mosses, 173 liverworts and 2 hornworts. Based on the IUCN 3.1 criteria, which we applied to bryophytes following Hallingbäck et al. (1998), there are 164 species (20.17%) listed under threatened categories, of which 121 (18.97%) are mosses and 43 (24.57%) are liverworts; 7 of them (0.86%) are in the CR category, 83 (10.21%) in the EN category and 74 (9.10%) are listed under the VU category. There are 23 species (2.83%) in the near threatened (NT) category, while 163 species (20.05%) are data deficient (DD). The Least Concern (LC) category currently comprises 463 (56.95%) species.
Effect of The Swimmer’s Head Position on Passive Drag
Authors: Cortesi Matteo , Gatta Giorgio
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the head position on passive drag with a towing-line experiment in a swimming pool. The tests were performed on ten male swimmers with regional level swimming skills and at least 10 years of competitive swimming experience. They were towed underwater (at a depth of 60 cm) at three speeds (1.5, 1.7 and 1.9 m/s) and in two body positions (arms above the swimmer’s head and arms alongside the body). These two body positions were repeated while the swimmer’s head was positioned in three different ways: head-up, head-middle and head-down in relation to the body’s horizontal alignment. The results showed a reduction of 4-5.2% in the average passive drag at all speeds when the head was down or aligned to the swimmer’s arms alongside the body, in comparison to the head-up position. A major significant decrease of 10.4-10.9% (p < 0.05) was shown when the head was down or aligned at the swimmer’s arms above the swimmer’s head. The passive drag tended to decrease significantly by a mean of 17.6% (p < 0.001) for all speeds examined with the arms alongside the body position rather than with the arms above the head position. The swimmer’s head location may play an important role in reducing hydrodynamic resistance during passive underwater gliding.
Effect of the Game Design, the Goal Type and the Number of Players on Intensity of Play in Small-Sided Soccer Games in Youth Elite Players
Authors: González-Rodenas Joaquín , Calabuig Ferran , Aranda Rafael
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of game design modification, the type of the goal and the number of players on the intensity of play in small-sided soccer games (SSGs) in youth elite players. Twenty young soccer players (age 13.7 ± 0.5 years, body mass 57.4 ± 7.8 kg, body height 1.67 ± 7.8 m, maximal heart rate 201.1 ± 8.2 beats/min) performed three types of SSGs (possession play (PP) vs. regular goals (RG) vs. small goals (SG)) in both four-a-side and six-a-side formats. The heart rate responses were recorded and analysed as an indicator of the intensity of play. The four-a-side format obtained higher intensity of play than six-a-side for PP (p<0.05), but not for SG and RG. SG showed higher intensity of play than RG for four-a-side (p<0.001), but not for six-a-side. PP registered higher intensity of play than RG (p<0.05), but not than SG in four-a-side, whereas in six-a-side no differences were found between the three formats. In conclusion, the modification of variables such as the number of players, the game design and the type of the goal influences the intensity of play in small-sided soccer games in youth players.
Monitoring people at risk of drinking by a rapid urinary ethyl glucuronide test
Authors: Fucci Nadia , Gili Alessio , Aroni Kyriaki , Carletti Paola , Pascali Vincenzo Lorenzo , Gambelunghe Cristiana
Published: May 2018

Alcohol and illicit drug abuse are major public health problems worldwide. Since alcohol is the predominant substance of choice in polydrug abusers, monitoring its use, along with urinary drug screening in patients in rehabilitation programs, appeared to be crucial in identifying patients at risk of alcohol disorders leading to impaired quality of life. Ethyl β-D-6-glucuronide, a non-oxidative, non-volatile, stable and minor direct ethanol metabolite, has a 6h to 4 day window of detection in urine after the last alcohol intake. Each of the 119 subjects (85 males, 34 females) registered with the Public Health Service for Drug Dependence Treatment provided a urine sample for ethylglucoronide (EtG) determination in an immunochemical test with a 500 ng/ml cutoff. All results were evaluated with confirmation criteria of a fully validated gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assay. The diagnostic performance of the EtG immunochemical test was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis. The immunochemical test specificity was 100% for EtG urinary values above 500 ng/ml. No false positive results were found. With levels below 500 ng/ml, 12% of the samples were classified as negative. The average consumption of the incorrectly classified subjects was 171 ng/ml, with a misclassification error of 6.5% to 18.5%. High agreement between EtG as determined in an immunochemical test and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, suggests that the rapid EtG test is a reliable, cost-effective alcohol monitoring assay for patient management in many non-forensic settings, such as drug rehabilitation programs.
Development of Firmware for Automated Management System of Sounders with High Upgrading Rate
Authors: Belousov A. , Koshlich Y. , Grebenik A. , Paraschuk O.
Published: May 2018

This article describes the approach to the construction of the Automated Management System (AMS) of sounders with high upgrading rate. The objective of this article is the synthesis of the structure of the automated management system of chime upon the principle of combined management with adaptive equalizer. Technical solutions have been created and implemented through the synthesized structure. As a result, we have developed the system structure itself, the mechanism of web-based access to its technological parameters and its self-tuning algorithm. Particular attention is paid to the selection of the best parameters of the control signal, namely, to the period and duty factor of the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), which was chosen as a means of changing the speed and direction of rotation of the motor driving the linkage. The analysis of experimental studies showed that in order to achieve the loudest sound one needs to vary the period and the duty factor of PWM, with regard to the environment.
Three contributions to robust regression diagnostics
Authors: Kalina J.
Published: May 2018

Robust regression methods have been developed not only as a diagnostic tool for standard least squares estimation in statistical and econometric applications, but can be also used as self-standing regression estimation procedures. Therefore, they need to be equipped by their own diagnostic tools. This paper is devoted to robust regression and presents three contributions to its diagnostic tools or estimating regression parameters under non-standard conditions. Firstly, we derive the Durbin-Watson test of independence of random regression errors for the regression median. The approach is based on the approximation to the exact null distribution of the test statistic. Secondly, we accompany the least trimmed squares estimator by a subjective criterion for selecting a suitable value of the trimming constant. Thirdly, we propose a robust version of the instrumental variables estimator. The new methods are illustrated on examples with real data and their advantages and limitations are discussed.
The Value of the “Lab-Score” Method in Identifying Febrile Infants at Risk for Serious Bacterial Infections
Authors: Moldovan Diana Aniela , Baghiu Maria Despina , Balas Alina , Truta Sorana Teodora
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Most children with fever without source will have a self limited viral infection though a small percent will develop a serious bacterial infection (SBI) like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, bacteraemia, meningitis or sepsis. The challenge facing practitioners is to distinguish between these two groups and currently biomarkers, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT), are available for this purpose. The aim of the current study was to identify SBI in infants with fever without an identifiable cause using the recently introduced “Lab-score” combining C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and urine dipstick results.

Methods: This survey is part of an observational study aimed at identifying children with fever without source at risk of SBI. Patients were recruited from the Emergency Department of Tirgu Mures Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Romania, during 2013. SBI diagnosis was based on urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures and chest radiographs. For infants, aged 7 days to 12 months, CRP and PCT were determined and the “Lab-score” was calculated. Positive and negative likelihood ratios and post test probabilities were calculated for each parameter and score.

Results: Of the ninety infants included in the study, SBI was diagnosed in nineteen (21.11%). Ten had a urinary tract infection, seven had pneumonia, one had a urinary tract infection and bacteraemia, and one had sepsis. Positive and negative likelihood ratios for CRP (.40.0 mg/L) and PCT (.0.5 ng/mL) were 10.27/0.45 and 7.07/0.24 and post-test probabilities 73%/65%. For a “Lab-score1” (.3), positive and negative likelihood ratios were 10.43/0.28, and the posttest probability was 73%.

Conclusions: In our survey the “Lab-score” proved a strong predictor for the identification of febrile infants at risk of SBI, but showed no significant difference compared with CRP and PCT which both proved equally good predictors for SBI.
The Influence of Organic Product Classification On Charitable Contributions Embedded in Retail Prices
Authors: Levens Michael
Published: May 2018

Research on embedding direct charitable contributions into purchase transactions through increasing product price has revealed mutual benefits for charitable organisations and for-profit companies. This process is referred to as the embedded premium (EP). The potential for this type of mutually beneficial cause marketing has been shown to apply to a wide range of products. The fastest growing product classification in the United States, organic products generally cost more than their non-organic alternatives. The basis of this research is to examine if organic products enhance the utility of EP offerings. Eight different organic and non-organic food products are presented in a 64-block, single choice set design to a national sample of consumers with choice options between current market price and current market price plus 5% price premium with entire premium going directly to charity. The results of the research indicate that organic products with EP were, on an average, chosen almost five percentage points less frequently than similar EP choices involving non-organic products.
Factors Influencing Private Customers′ Trust in Internet Banking: Case of Latvia
Authors: Skvarciany Viktorija
Published: May 2018

Banking sector has developed and extended the usage of online services in the past decade. In fact, nowadays, Internet-based banking services dominate over other historically provided alternatives. This article discusses private clients′ trust in Internet banking in Latvia. The model of trust in Internet banking was developed based on four factors, distinguished in the scientific literature. They are provided information, bank’s characteristics, ebanking system and website of a bank. Hence, the goal of the research is to measure the impact of distinguished factors on trust in Internet banking. In order to determine how these attributes affect private customers′ trust, correlation and regression analysis were applied. The results showed that the most vital factor affecting private clients’ trust in Internet banking is e-banking system. What is more, it was found that provided information is a statistically insignificant factor and, hence, it was removed from the model. Respondents, being private customers, limit the breadth of study, thus the results do not reflect companies’ trust in Internet banking.
Discrete–Time Integral Sliding Mode Control with Disturbances Compensation and Reduced Chattering for Pv Grid–Connected Inverter
Authors: Meo Santolo , Sorrentino Vincenzo
Published: May 2018

In the paper a new discrete-time integral sliding mode control (DISMC) with disturbances compensation and reduced chattering for grid-connected inverter is proposed for active and reactive power regulation. Differently by many SMC proposed in literature that have a time-continuous formulation in spite have been implemented with digital processor, the proposed DISMC is fully formulated in discrete-time, taking into account the effects introduced by a microprocessor-based implementation. As will be demonstrated such approach consents to reduce the chattering about the sliding manifold within a boundary layer of O(T2) thickness instead of O(T) (being T the sampling period of the control algorithm). Moreover it introduces a correction of the control vector which eliminates the influence of modeling error and external disturbances improving stability and robustness of the controlled system. Constant converter switching frequency is achieved by using space vector modulation, which eases the design of the ac harmonic filter. In the paper, after a detailed formalization of the proposed control algorithm, several numerical and experimental results on a three-phase grid-connected inverter prototype are shown, proving the effectiveness of the control strategy.
Design and Analysis of an Ultra–Wideband Band–Notched Band–Pass Filter
Authors: Daryasafar Navid , Hamidi Saeid , Shahryari Gholam Reza
Published: May 2018

In this paper it is intended to design an ultra-wideband band-pass filter, using new models of coupled transmission lines. In this paper, by providing a new model of resonators, the bandwidth of band-pass filters (which are one of the most crucial elements in communication systems) will be moderately increased, while their size and volume decreases. In addition to the increase in bandwidth in these filters, due to the increasing usage of new satellite communication systems, the frequency response of these filters will be developed to utilize notch in the pass band, and an ultra-wideband band-pass filter with notch will be designed and analyzed.
Certain considerations regarding the protection of a capable natural person through guardianship in the light of New Romanian Civil Code
Authors: Cret Daniela Cristina , Bobar Cosmina Flavia
Published: May 2018

One of the measures employed to protect an individual is guardianship. Legal norms treat guardianship aimed at protecting a person with full capacity of exercise in certain special situations in a different way than they do guardianship for minors or persons placed under interdiction. While guardianship for capable persons is governed by the rules of mandate, guardianship for minors and persons placed under judicial interdiction are subject to rules applicable to custody for minors (art. 171 of the New Civil Code). As follows, we shall analyse the legal provisions established by the New Civil Code in the case of guardianship for capable persons, emphasising novelty elements as compared to the previous regulation.
Verification of Diagnostic Thresholds with Elimination of Ambient Factors / Weryfikacja Progów Diagnostycznych z Eliminacją Otoczenia
Authors: Paweł Lindstedt , Marek Zboiński , Maciej Deliś , Henryk Borowczyk
Published: May 2018

Measurements of signals received from ambient environment is a difficult task for technical diagnostics and becomes even infeasible in a series of cases. It is why the issues related to elimination of ambient factors from the identification process of diagnostic thresholds are truly justified. The method for elimination of environment impact is disclosed in this paper and consists in displacement of a specific set of measured diagnostic parameters (the initial set) in relation to the subsequent set of diagnostic parameters (the target set). Then the square of amplitude gain and the phase shift are calculated for these two mutually shifted data sets, which makes it possible to evaluate “cohesion” density of results obtained for diagnostic signals and thus their suitability for calculation of diagnostic thresholds. The method is characterized by the peculiarity that it takes account for ambient “environment” with no need to measure its parameters [6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14].
Protection of Military Vehicles Against Mine Threats and Improvised Explosive Devices / Ochrona Pojazdów Wojskowych Przed Wybuchem Min i Improwizowanych Urządzeń Wybuchowych
Authors: Niezgoda Tadeusz , Sławiński Grzegorz , Gieleta Roman , Świerczewski Marek
Published: May 2018

Military vehicles are exposed, among others, to mine and IED (Improvised Explosive Device) threats. Contemporary structural solutions cannot ensure their safety at maximum level. This paper presents a review of currently used structural solutions enhancing protection level against explosion. Furthermore, requirements for military vehicles safety against mine and IED threats are characterized. As well as that, sample results of energy absorbing panels examination results are shown. On this basis remarks to further development of protective structures are formulated.
Technological Innovation in the Context of Company Operation Risk / Innowacja Technologiczna w Kontekście Ryzyka Działalności Przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Bacior Michał
Published: May 2018

This publication discusses the issues of safety enhancing technological innovations in mining industry, in the context of company operation risk. Different types of risks characteristic of this sector have been indicated, and particularly the idea to perceive the activities in safety enhancing area in aggragate mining as Corporate Social Responsibility activities and to use them to create corporate value was put forth. The base for the discussion was the studies on a new gasifier used to sunder rock blocks. There are various appliances used for sundering layers of rock blocks worldwide, operating with primary expolosives. The alternative for these devices are ones generating energy as the result of deflagration of pyrotechnic compositions, producing vast amounts of gases characterized of high temperature and pressure and resulting in sundering layers of rock block from the whole of the block, without causing microcracks or crevices neither in the whole of the block nor in the sundered layer.
Velocity Distribution Characteristics Of Sea Water In Conductiv Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Homopolar Ducts
Authors: Dobref Vasile , Popov Petrică , Grozeanu Silvestru
Published: May 2018

Shortcomings of conventional propeller propulsion can theoretically be removed by using a modern technology - unconventional hydroelectromagnetic propeller or magnetohydrodynamic (MHD thruster), that highlights an application of great interest about physical phenomena that occur in the interaction between electromagnetic fields and electrically conductive fluids. In application to marine propulsion, investigations of a variety of physical phenomena was carried out, including the flow characteristics in a MHD duct, thrust efficiency and optimum shape of the duct.

This paper presents related interaction phenomena between a magnetic induction, created by a d.c. electromagnet and d.c. current, perpendicular to the field, imposed by a voltage difference between two electrodes in the conductive sea water. The fluid is forced to the direction perpendicular to the plane where magnetic and electric fluxes are intersecting, this force is called the Lorentz force. Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out on small magnetohydrodynamic model (DC homopolar model) having two channels arranged in series or parallel. Each time the speed distribution was followed over the channel axis and perpendicular to channel axis.
River Watercraft For Passenger Transport
Authors: Samoilescu Gheorghe , Iorgulescu Dumitru , Radu Serghei , Cizer Laura
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the design of a watercraft that will be made under a cross-border project. It shows the detailed construction plans of the hull, the basic requirements that any marine vehicle must meet, the hydrostatic and stability calculations for the watercraft in order to determine how its weight and the shape of the hull can affect its performance and safety; the assessment of the efforts developed within the hull are calculated with SolidWorks.
Progressive Collapse Evaluation Of An Industrial Building – Numerical Approach
Authors: Lupoae Marin , Baciu Cătălin , Murzea Patricia
Published: May 2018

The paper presents the evaluation of the potential of occurrence and propagation of the progressive collapse for an industrial building made of precast and cast in place elements. A model was developed for the numerical evaluation using the method of applied elements and a demolition scenario was used through which the column was instantaneously removed. The potential of occurrence and development of collapse was studied, using scenarios of column removal in according to GSA 2003 as well as scenarios in which two or three columns were removed. The evaluation was based on the determination of the rotations of the beam ends. The obtained results highlighted the importance of the manner in which the structure is designed and built, of the height regime and structural conformity, on the collapse.
Re-Reading, Re-Writing, Re-Contextualising Shakespeare
Authors: Dimitriu Rodica , Andriescu Radu
Published: May 2018

All in all, the scholars whose papers are included in this issue of LINGUACULTURE come from different cultures and countries, share a common love for and interest in Shakespeare‘s work, from which they select highly different texts and resort to highly different methods of investigation. Although inevitably limited in number, these studies take us a long way from the ‗originals‘ in their home culture, to mid-twentieth century Romania, to Orson Welles in the 1950‘s or the 2016 American elections, to Japanese contemporary manga or…to the opera, at different times in history, once again testifying to the amazing plurality of response Shakespeare‘s works have received. In addition, as is well known, these studies are all tiny fragments of the same gigantic puzzle that is called Shakespearian scholarship. The editors of this issue hope that the readers will find here new stimulating pieces of information in a field that will never cease to fascinate us.
Shakespeare’s Cultural Diversity
Authors: Gibińska Marta
Published: May 2018

400 hundred years of Shakespeare's presence in world-wide theatres, schools, literature, film, and even languages must give us pause. It is worth reflecting on what there is in the texts that have come down to us that answers this great and obviously most diversified horizon of reception. The paper will try to present Shakespearean plots, characters and themes and examine them for their potential to become appropriated into the very centres of multiple cultural polysystems.
Re-Contextualizing Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet in Manga
Authors: Şerban Andreea
Published: May 2018

A fairly new medium for westerners, manga joins the variety of already existing “shakespeares”, bringing a fresh and vivid perspective on some of the most famous Shakespearean plays. This paper discusses several representations of space, with a particular focus on the city (Verona), the Capulet ballroom, and Juliet‘s bedroom, as they are rendered by artists in three manga transmediations of Romeo and Juliet coming from different cultural contexts (British, American, and Japanese). The paper will also explore the ways in which the three cultures play with Shakespeare‘s original Italian setting and negotiate their influence over one another at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Developed Design for Humeral Head Replacement Using 3D Surface Mapping
Authors: Salah H. R.
Published: May 2018

Assessment of dimensional and geometrical data on the humeral head replacement (HHR) objects is essential for solving the relevant designing problems in the physics of reverse engineering (RE). In this work, 2D-assessment for human humerus was performed using the computed tomography (CT) technique within the RE plan, after which the 2D images of humeral objects were converted into 3D images. The conversion was successful and indicated a clear difference in the 2D and 3D estimates of sizes and geometry of the humerus. The authors have analyzed and confirmed experimentally the statistical information on the relevant anatomical objects. The results of finite-element simulation of the compressive stresses affecting the geometry of 3D surface mapping were analyzed using SolidWorks software. For developing the biomechanical design of an HHR object suitable biomaterials were selected, and different metal-based biomaterials are discussed as applied at various loads. New methodology is presented for the size estimation of humeral head - both anatomical and artificial - in 3D-shape. A detailed interpretation is given for the results of CT D-measurements.
Natural Radioactivity in Clay and Building Materials Used in Latvia
Authors: Riekstina D. , Berzins J. , Krasta T. , Svinka R. , Skrypnik O.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of natural radionuclide concentration and activity index study in materials used for construction in Latvia. Special attention is given to clay and clay ceramics. Concentrations of K-40 and Th- 232, U-238 radioactivity were determined using gamma-spectrometry method. In some building ware, maximal concentration of K-40 was 1440 Bq/kg, and of U-238 - 175 Bq/kg. In granite, the determined maximum concentration of Th-232 was 210 Bq/kg. It was found that radionuclide content in different period clay deposits can differ by more than two times, and up to five times in different clay ceramics. The results obtained are compared with analogous data from the other Baltic and North European countries.