bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Jacques-Louis David’s Marat assassiné through material evidences
Authors: Defeyt Catherine , Marechal Dominique , Vandepitte Francisca , Strivay David
Published: January 2023

Marat assassiné (Murdered Marat), one of the most famous masterpieces painted by Jacques-Louis David in 1793 has been investigated in situ by means of non-invasive and complementary analytical and imaging techniques. The overall material and technical information collected on this occasion led to important discoveries on the iconic picture of the French revolution. Following the identification of the palette used by David, we have shown the relationship between Marat assassiné and another David’s painting. Features of David’s artistic practice have been explained. Drastic changes in the final composition have been shown and explained based on scientific analysis and historical information. Finally we have formulated a hypothesis about how Marat assassiné could have been concealed.
Click-through rate prediction model integrating user interest and multi-head attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Wei , Han Yahui , Yi Baolin , Zhang Zhaoli
Published: January 2023

The purpose of click-through rate (CTR) prediction is to anticipate how likely a person is to click on an advertisement or item. It's required for a lot of internet applications, such online advertising and recommendation systems. The previous click-through rate estimation approach suffered from the following two flaws. On the one hand, input characteristics (such as user id, user age, user age, item id, item category) are usually sparse and multidimensional, making them effective. High-level combination characteristics are used for prediction. Obtaining it manually by domain experts takes a long time and is difficult to finish; also, customer interests are not all the same. The accuracy of the model findings will significantly increase if this immediately recognized component is incorporated in the prediction model. As a consequence, this study creates an IARM (interactive attention rate estimation model) that incorporates user interest as well as a multi-head self-attention mechanism. The deep learning network is used in the model to determine the user's interest expression based on user attributes. The multi-head self-attention mechanism with residual network is then employed to get feature interaction, which enhances the degree of effect of significant characteristics on the estimation result as well as its accuracy. The IARM model outperforms other recent prediction models in the assessment metrics AUC and LOSS, and it has superior accuracy, according to the results from the public experimental data set.
Covid-19 outbreak and beyond: a retrospect on the information content of short-time workers for GDP now- and forecasting
Authors: Kaufmann Sylvia
Published: January 2023

We document whether a simple, univariate model for quarterly GDP growth is able to deliver forecasts of yearly GDP growth in a crisis period like the Covid-19 pandemic, which may serve cross-checking forecasts obtained from elaborate and expert models used by forecasting institutions. We include shocks to the log number of short-time workers as timely available current-quarter indicator. Yearly GDP growth forecasts serve cross-checking, in particular at the outbreak of the pandemic.
Characterization and field evaluation of Spilosoma obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus (SpobNPV) CRIJAF1 strain against jute hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) infesting jute, Corchorus olitorius Linn.
Authors: Babu Veegala Ramesh , Sivakumar G. , Satpathy S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Spilosoma (= Spilarctia) obliqua (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), once considered as a sporadic pest, is now considered as a major and polyphagous pest widely distributed throughout India. Recent outbreaks of this pest were manifested in both jute and sunnhemp. During a survey in and around adjoining villages of I.C.A.R-C.R.I.J.A.F, Barrackpore, an epizootic was observed in the field population of S. obliqua caused by a nucleopolyhedrosis virus. Hence, an attempt was made to isolate, characterize using electron microscopy and assess the efficacy of S. obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus under laboratory and field conditions.

Results

Electron microscopic studies revealed typical baculovirus occlusion bodies of type nucleopolyhedrosis virus with tetrahedral and triangular in shape with the size ranging from 2.55 to 2.90 µm, with an average size of about 2.72 µm. Bioassay studies showed the larval mortality at low concentration of SpobNPV, i.e., 2.42 × 104 POBs/ml. The virus-infected S. obliqua was identified through the amplification of polyhedrin, polh gene sequences with the available sequences in public database, GenBank, NCBI. The sequence data generated for the polyhedrin gene were deposited in GenBank, and accession number was obtained, MN648213. Field experiment revealed 50.52, 63.25 and 82.91% larval reductions, respectively, at 2, 4 and 7 days after spray of S. obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus.

Conclusion

The present study revealed that foliar application of S. obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus was very effective in causing mortality against S. obliqua larvae and thus can be used as an effective microbial bioagent in the integrated pest management of the caterpillar, S. obliqua.
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in differentiation of breast lesions
Authors: Amin Esraa Saleh , Elsharawy Fatma Anas , Mlees Mohamed Ali , EL-Saeid Haytham Haroun , Dawoud Mohammed Fathy
Published: January 2023

Background

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a novel approach which uses extra gradients to quantify diffusion in several directions (at least six). The purpose of this research was to determine the role of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in breast lesion differentiation.

Results

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were significantly lower in malignant than benign lesions, with a cut-off value of 1.21 × 10−3 mm2/s, this gives a sensitivity of 88.46%, specificity 87.50% and accuracy 86.7%. Values of fractional anisotropy (FA) were higher significantly in malignant compared to benign lesions with a 0.15 cut-off value, has a 95.83% sensitivity, 96.15% specificity, and 95.6%, accuracy. Values of RA were significantly higher in malignant (0.180 ± 0.068) compared to benign lesions, with 0.13 cut-off value. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were, respectively, 91.69%, 92.31%, and 90.2%. Values of λ1 were significantly lower in malignant (1.4 ± 0.453 × 10−3 mm2/s) than in benign (2.19 ± 0.659 × 10−3 mm2/s) lesions with a cut-off value of 1.71 × 10−3 mm2/s. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 95.83 and 96.15%. The combined evaluation by (dynamic contrast enhancement) Sensitivity improved to 100% with DCE and DTI readings, while specificity remained at 95.6%.

Conclusions

DTI breast imaging is a noninvasive procedure which demonstrated a high potential utility for cancer detection and serving as a standalone technique or in conjunction with DCE-MRI, the discriminating values of FA, λ1 and λ1–λ3 were high. Their measurements were strongly associated with identification breast malignancy and combined evaluation by DTI parameters and DCE-MRI DTI enhanced the sensitivity, lowered the rate of false-negatives, and completely improved the accuracy of breast lesions differential diagnosis.
Diagnostic challenge of dyspnea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic wave: a case report
Authors: Razafindrasoa Zamelina Angela , Razafimpihanina Sonia Marcelle , Rasoafaranirina Marie Odette , Martin Fidy Arnauld , Andriamahenina Finaritra Princy Parfait , Andriarimanga Diamondra Ombanjanahary , Rakotomizao Jocelyn Robert , Tiaray Harison Michel , Rakotoson Joëlson Lovaniaina , Raharimanana Rondro Nirina
Published: January 2023

Background

Since its discovery, COVID-19 has often been the first diagnosis of dyspnea and asthenia, especially during the pandemic waves. However, it is not always COVID-19. We report a particular case of a late-diagnosed HIV-positive patient in Madagascar.

Case presentation

A 21-year-old male patient was admitted to a hospital center in Antananarivo for dyspnea and poor general condition. Physical examination revealed hypoxemia of 85% on room air. His chest X-ray showed bilateral reticular-micronodular opacities. He was suspected and treated for COVID-19. On the 15th day of hospitalization, HIV-1 infection complicated by probable pneumocystis was diagnosed. On the other hand, a multimetastatic testicular cancer was also suspected. The patient died after a few hours of hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion

This was a case of an HIV-positive patient belatedly diagnosed in the complications stage during the COVID-19 pandemic wave. The investigation of the differential diagnoses remains crucial to avoid serial misdiagnosis and to adjust therapeutic management.
Historical imaginaries, historic urban branding, and the local state in China: rejuvenation discourse, manufactured heritage and simulacrascapes
Authors: Law Andrew Malcolm
Published: January 2023

This intervention examines the extant literature on historical imaginaries and historic urban branding in China. It suggests that while research in this field has increasingly moved away from an economic (or an implicit neo-Marxist) model, there is still a lack of research on the role of broader cultural and state led discourses of nationalism in the construction of historic urban imaginaries and historic urban branding within Chinese cities. In unpacking one nationalistic discourse a – narrative of rejuvenation – this article argues that more needs to be done to examine the role of these themes in the construction of historical imaginaries at the level of  the local state (including related state networks of developers, retailers, tourist officials, town planners, architects, and designers). It is suggested that an analysis of these discourses and imaginaries is important if we are: 1) to appreciate the role of these themes in the construction and/or the reconfiguration of existing or emerging historic brands within Chinese cities; 2) to comprehend the construction of ‘authorised heritage discourses’, (AHDs) practices and materialities at the level of the local state; 3) to understand the politics of the past (including the uses of history, memory, nostalgia, and heritage) at the level of the local state; 4) to be aware of the way in which these themes inform the preservation, conservation, and/or the demolition of heritage space at the level of the local state; 5) to recognise the manufacture of ‘heritage’ or simulacrascapes within Chinese cities.
Semantic dementia: a complex and culturally influenced presentation
Authors: Cole Richard H. , Clark Camilla N. , Poole Norman A.
Published: January 2023

The variants of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) require careful differentiation from primary psychiatric disorders as the neuropsychiatric manifestations can overshadow the unique cognitive deficits. The language variants of FTD are less readily recognised by trainees despite making up around 43% of cases.1 This educational article presents an anonymised case of one of the language variants: semantic dementia. The cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric manifestations (delusions and hyperreligiosity) are explored in terms of aetiology and management. By the end of the article, readers should be able to differentiate FTD from Alzheimer's disease, understand the principles of management and associated risks, and develop a multifaceted approach to hyperreligiosity in dementia.
Correlation between abnormal brain network activity and electroencephalogram microstates on exposure to smoking-related cues
Authors: Gan Hefan , Bu Junjie , Zeng Ginger Qinghong , Gou Huixing , Liu Mengyuan , Cui Guanbao , Zhang Xiaochu
Published: January 2023

Background

Research into neural mechanisms underlying cue-induced cigarette craving has attracted considerable attention for its significant role in treatments. However, there is little understanding about the effects of exposure to smoking-related cues on electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates of smokers, which can reflect abnormal brain network activity in several psychiatric disorders.

Aims

To explore whether abnormal brain network activity in smokers on exposure to smoking-related cues would be captured by EEG microstates.

Method

Forty smokers were exposed to smoking and neutral imagery conditions (cues) during EEG recording. Behavioural data and parameters for microstate topographies associated with the auditory (A), visual (B), salience and memory (C) and dorsal attention networks (D) were compared between conditions. Correlations between microstate parameters and cigarette craving as well as nicotine addiction characteristics were also analysed.

Results

The smoking condition elicited a significant increase in the duration of microstate classes B and C and in the duration and contribution of class D compared with the neutral condition. A significant positive correlation between the increased duration of class C (smoking minus neutral) and increased craving ratings was observed, which was fully mediated by increased posterior alpha power. The increased duration and contribution of class D were both positively correlated with years of smoking.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that smokers showed abnormal EEG microstates when exposed to smoking-related cues compared with neutral cues. Importantly, microstate class C (duration) might be a biomarker of cue-induced cigarette craving, and class D (duration and contribution) might reflect the relationship between cue-elicited activation of the dorsal attention network and years of smoking.
Loss of Independent Living in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blank Michael , Robitaille Mark J. , Wachtendorf Luca J. , Linhardt Felix C. , Ahrens Elena , Strom Jordan B. , Azimaraghi Omid , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Chu Louis M. , Moon Jee-Young , Tarantino Nicola , Nair Singh R. , Thalappilil Richard , Tam Christopher W. , Leff Jonathan , Di Biase Luigi , Eikermann Matthias
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

The recommendation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients 65 to 80 years of age is equivocal, leaving patients with a difficult decision. We evaluated whether TAVR compared to SAVR is associated with reduced odds for loss of independent living in patients ≤65, 66 to 79, and ≥80 years of age. Further, we explored mechanisms of the association of TAVR and adverse discharge.

METHODS:

Adult patients undergoing TAVR or SAVR within a large academic medical system who lived independently before the procedure were included. A multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for a priori defined confounders including patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and a risk score for adverse discharge after cardiac surgery, was used to assess the primary association. We tested the interaction of patient age with the association between aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedure and loss of independent living. We further assessed whether the primary association was mediated (ie, percentage of the association that can be attributed to the mediator) by the procedural duration as prespecified mediator.

RESULTS:

A total of 1751 patients (age median [quartiles; min–max], 76 [67, 84; 23–100]; sex, 56% female) were included. A total of 27% (222/812) of these patients undergoing SAVR and 20% (188/939) undergoing TAVR lost the ability to live independently. In our cohort, TAVR was associated with reduced odds for loss of independent living compared to SAVR (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 0.19 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.14–0.26]; P < .001). This association was attenuated in patients ≤65 years of age (ORadj 0.63 [0.26–1.56]; P = .32) and between 66 and 79 years of age (ORadj 0.23 [0.15–0.35]; P < .001), and magnified in patients ≥80 years of age (ORadj 0.16 [0.10–0.25]; P < .001; P-for-interaction = .004). Among those >65 years of age, a shorter procedural duration mediated 50% (95% CI, 28–76; P < .001) of the beneficial association of TAVR and independent living.

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients >65 years of age undergoing TAVR compared to SAVR had reduced odds for loss of independent living. This association was partly mediated by shorter procedural duration. No association between AVR approach and the primary end point was found in patients ≤65 years of age.
Exploring Acute Changes in Hamstring EMG after Warm-up and Stretching Using a Multifractal Analysis
Authors: BABAULT NICOLAS , HITIER MARION , PAIZIS CHRISTOS , VIEIRA DENIS CÉSAR LEITE
Published: January 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to apply multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) to surface EMG to detect neuromuscular changes after realistic warm-up procedures that was followed by various stretching exercises.

Methods

Sixteen volunteers conducted two experimental sessions. Testing included two maximal voluntary contractions before, after a standardized warm-up, and after a stretching exercise (static or neurodynamic nerve gliding technique). EMG was registered on biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles. EMG was analyzed using different parameters obtained from the singularity Hurst exponent function and multifractal power spectrum (both obtained from the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis).

Results

The Hurst exponent, α maximum, and peak value of the multifractal spectrum significantly decreased after warm-up as compared with baseline for both biceps femoris (P = 0.003, P = 0.006, and P = 0.003, respectively) and semitendinosus (P = 0.006, P = 0.013 and P = 0.01, respectively) muscles. No further alteration was obtained after static or neurodynamic nerve gliding stretching as compared with post-warm-up (P = 1.0). No significant difference was obtained for Hurst exponent range, width, and asymmetry of the multifractal spectrum (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

From the present results, EMG depicted multifractal features sensitive to detect neuromuscular changes after a warm-up procedure. An increase in multiscale complexity is revealed after warm-up without any further alteration after stretching. The multifractal spectrum depicted dominant small fluctuations that shifted toward slightly larger fluctuations that could be attributed to motor unit recruitment.
Housing in Medicaid: Should It Really Change?
Authors: Achou Bertrand
Published: January 2023

Housing is mostly exempted from Medicaid and Supplemental Social Insurance means tests. Reforms of this special treatment have been debated, but little is known about its costs, benefits, and redistributive implications. I estimate a life cycle model of single retirees accounting for this exemption. It shows that the homestead exemption explains important patterns of Medicaid recipiency and that it is highly valued. It also shows that estate recovery could cover most of its costs with possibly limited negative welfare consequences. Finally, the model predicts that removing the homestead exemption or enforcing estate recovery programs would reduce redistribution toward lower-income retirees. (JEL D15, G51, H51, I13, I18, I38, J26)
Employed in a SNAP? The Impact of Work Requirements on Program Participation and Labor Supply
Authors: Gray Colin , Leive Adam , Prager Elena , Pukelis Kelsey , Zaki Mary
Published: January 2023

Work requirements are common in US safety net programs. Evidence remains limited, however, on the extent to which work requirements increase economic self-sufficiency or screen out vulnerable individuals. Using linked administrative data on food stamps (SNAP) and earnings with a regression discontinuity design, we find robust evidence that work requirements increase program exits by 23 percentage points (64 percent) among incumbent participants. Overall program participation among adults who are subject to work requirements is reduced by 53 percent. Homeless adults are disproportionately screened out. We find no effects on employment and suggestive evidence of increased earnings in some specifications. (JEL H75, I18, I32, I38, J22, J31)
The Economic Consequences of Being Denied an Abortion
Authors: Miller Sarah , Wherry Laura R. , Foster Diana Greene
Published: January 2023

This paper evaluates the financial and economic consequences of being denied an abortion. We link credit report data to the Turnaway Study, which collected high-quality, longitudinal data on women receiving or being denied a wanted abortion in the United States. We compare financial outcomes over a ten-year period for women who had pregnancies just above and below a gestational age limit allowing for a wanted abortion. Outcomes evolved similarly for the two groups prior to the abortion encounter. Following the encounter, women who were denied an abortion experience a large increase in financial distress that remains for several years. (JEL G51, I18, J13, J16)
Incidence of Radial Artery Occlusion in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Trans Radial Assess
Authors: Bukhari Syed Naseem , Javed Imran , Usman Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via trans-radial assess (TRA).

Method: A descriptive study was carried out at the Department of interventional cardiology, Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan from 30-April 2019 to 30-October 2020. One hundred and twenty-five patients, who underwent PCI by TRA were selected for this study. The presence of Radial artery occlusion was noted 24 hours after the procedure by Doppler ultrasonography. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. A Chi-square test was applied. P-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results: Gender distribution revealed 109 (87.2%) males and 16 (12.8%) females. The mean age of the patients was 65.22 ± 11.54 years. The mean BMI of the patients was 29.93±4.87 kg/m2. 84 (67.2%) patients were hypertensive, 40 (32%) patients were diabetics, 22 (17.6%) patients were smoker and 24 (19.2%) patients were having dyslipidemia. RAO after 24 hours was found in 5(4.0%) patients.

Conclusion: Radial artery occlusion is a common complication of trans-radial assess so radial artery patency must be checked before using it for transcatheter procedures.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7219

How to cite this: Bukhari SN, Javed I, Usman M. Incidence of Radial Artery Occlusion in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Trans Radial Assess. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7219

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A novel integrated framework for reproducible formability predictions using virtual materials testing
Authors: Plowman Adam , Jedrasiak Patryk , Jailin Thomas , Crowther Peter , Mishra Sumeet , Shanthraj Pratheek , Quinta da Fonseca Joao
Published: January 2023

Background: Formed aluminium alloy sheet materials are increasingly adopted in production processes such as vehicle manufacturing, due to the potential for weight-saving and improved recyclability when compared to more traditional steel alloys. To maximise these benefits whilst maintaining sufficient mechanical properties, the link between formability and microstructure must be better understood. Virtual materials testing is a cost-effective strategy for generating microstructure-informed formability predictions.

Methods: We developed an open-source hybrid framework, combining experimental and computational tasks, for generating reproducible formability predictions. Starting with experimental texture measurements and stress-strain curves, we calibrated crystal plasticity (CP) model parameters. The framework used these parameters to perform a large set of multiaxial full-field CP simulations, from which various anisotropic yield functions were fitted. With these anisotropy parameters, we then employed a Marciniak-Kuczyński finite-element model to predict forming limit curves, which we compared with those from experimental Nakazima tests.

Results: We executed the workflow with the aluminium alloy Surfalex HF (AA6016A) as a case study material. The 18-parameter Barlat yield function provided the best fit, compared to six-parameter functions. Predicted forming limits depended strongly on the chosen hardening law, and good agreement with the experimental forming limit curve was found. All of the generated data have been uploaded to the Zenodo repository. A set of Jupyter notebooks to allow interactive inspection of our methods and data are also available.

Conclusions: We demonstrated a robust methodology for replicable virtual materials testing, which enables cheaper and faster formability analyses. This complete workflow is encoded within a simple yet highly customisable computational pipeline that can be applied to any material. To maximise reproducibility, our approach takes care to ensure our methods and data — and the ways in which that data is processed — are unambiguously defined during all steps of the workflow.
A primer for choosing, designing and evaluating registered reports for qualitative methods
Authors: Karhulahti Veli-Matti , Branney Peter , Siutila Miia , Syed Moin
Published: January 2023

Registered reports are a publication format that involves peer reviewing studies both before and after carrying out research procedures. Although registered reports were originally developed to combat challenges in quantitative and confirmatory study designs, today registered reports are also available for qualitative and exploratory work. This article provides a brief primer that aims to help researchers in choosing, designing, and evaluating registered reports, which are driven by qualitative methods.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE MAXILLARY TEETH AMONG THE POPULATION OF KRASNOYARSK IN THE XVII–XXI CENTURIES
Authors: Bayburin Rinat F. , Medvedeva Nadezhda N. , Baksheeva Svetlana L. , Savenkova Tatyana M.
Published: January 2023

Background. Studies devoted to the analysis of the odontological features of paleoanthropological material and modern population reveal epochal changes in dental structures, as well as ethnic and specific features of the population of individual regions. The study of odontological structures of different epochs allows to obtain information about the reduction and its speed, as well as the prevalence of dental anomalies in individual regions.

Aim. To identify the changeability of the values of the dimensional parameters of maxillary teeth of the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk, taking into account the time vector.

Materials and methods. The current odontometric study was conducted on the modern population of Krasnoyarsk (n=331), the craniological material of the Pokrovsky Necropolis (XVII century, n=73), and the Vsekhsvyatskiy Necropolis (XVIII­–XIX centuries, n=50). The study was carried out on mesiodistal (MDcor) and vestibulo-oral (VOcor) crown diameters. The modules of teeth crowns (mcor) and the average module of dental crown (mcor M(1-3) (according to the modules of molar crowns) were calculated to characterize the dimensional parameters of teeth crowns in each group in order to determine the general characteristics of the absolute size of the teeth in the jaw.

Results. Both in female and male samples, the reduction of mesio-distal and vestibulo-oral diameters of some teeth, and accordingly, the reduction of teeth-crown module was revealed. The reduction of maxillary teeth-crown module among the population of Krasnoyarsk of the XVII–XIX is more marked among women. The crown module of right maxillary canine (13 tooth) reduced by 6.41% among women and 3.03% among men by the XXI century. The crown module of 23 tooth reduced by 6,43 % and 2,77% among women and men respectively. Significant reduction of teeth-crown dimensions and modules of teeth 25, 26, 27 by 4,62%, 3,17 % and 1,55% is typical for women, whereas this tendency is not specific to men.

Conclusions. The analysis of the variability of maxillary teeth-crown modules confirmed the ongoing processes of teeth reduction. The obtained dimensions of the average maxillary teeth-crown module reveal the microdontia in females and mesodontia in males.
AFFECTIVE DISORDERS IN WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN COMBINATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Yaskevich Roman A. , Moskalenko Olga L.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To study the features of affective disorders in women with arterial hypertension in combination with metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods. 361 women with arterial hypertension were examined, of which 270 were patients with metabolic syndrome. Verification of metabolic syndrome carried out according to the clinical recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology of 2009. A hospital anxiety and depression scale used to identify and assess the severity of affective disorders.

Results. A study of the individual severity of affective disorders among examined women with arterial hypertension showed that increased levels of anxiety were generally detected in half 48,3% of the examined women with metabolic syndrome. In a third 28,0% of women surveyed in this group, anxiety disorders subclinically pronounced, and clinically pronounced anxiety occurred in 20,3% of those examined. Increased levels of depression detected in 39.1% of women with metabolic syndrome examined. At the same time, almost a quarter 23,6% of the women examined in this group had depressive disorders of a subclinically pronounced nature, and clinically pronounced depression found in 15.5% of those examined. At the same time, among women with metabolic syndrome, the incidence of depression was statistically significantly higher than the same rate among women without metabolic syndrome. In women with metabolic syndrome, the anxiety rate was also higher, but the differences identified had no statistical significance.

Conclusion. The highest incidence of affective disorders was among women with metabolic syndrome. The most frequent metabolic syndrome variant in the group of women with elevated anxiety was three-pronged 44%, and in the group with elevated depression, four-pronged 43%. More often in both groups, there was a combination of metabolic syndrome components such as abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension and lipid metabolism disorders.
EMOTIONAL BURNOUT AND SIGNS OF DEPRESSION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Akhmetova Aigul M. , Sadretdinova Lidia D. , Gabitova Dilbar M. , Ishmukhametova Amina N. , Ilyasova Tatyana M.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to emotional burnout and detection of early signs of depression in medical students. Medical students are in a critical period of physical and mental development. They are most susceptible to emotional burnout due to a large amount of educational information, night shifts, lack of sleep, poor nutrition, although the students themselves underestimate this state in themselves, and refer to fatigue, bad mood. Given that most medical students will become doctors and specialize in a particular profession, they experience more psychological stress and academic pressure than students at other universities. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of susceptibility to emotional burnout and depression. On the basis of the Department of Internal Medicine of the Bashkir State Medical University, a survey was conducted using standard psychodiagnostic methods: signs of depression were assessed using the Beck Depression Scale, emotional burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire, adapted for Russia by N. E. Vodopyanova and the system index of burnout syndrome. 60 students of the medical university of the 3rd year of the pediatric faculty took part in the survey, the average age was 20 +2.3, boys – 19 people, girls – 41. Results were obtained that helped to identify signs of emotional burnout and mild to moderate depression. It is necessary to study the characteristics and factors influencing medical student burnout and develop possible solutions to prevent medical student burnout. Through this, medical students can better adapt to the environment and serve in their future careers.
Contexto histórico del marketing político en Brasil: de las manifestaciones de 2013 a la campaña presidencial de 2022.
Authors: Farias Coelho Patricia Margarida , Pimentel de Castro Pinto Maria Isabel , Serrano Nunez Silvio Gabriel
Published: January 2023

El aumento de las personas conectadas a Internet y las redes sociales ha causado cambios significativos en las prácticas de marketing político de las campañas electorales en Brasil y el mundo. Este artículo está estructurado a partir de un contexto histórico de evolución del marketing en Brasil. Tenemos dos objetivos específicos: (i) presentar brevemente el contexto histórico y político del marketing en Brasil a partir de las manifestaciones de 2013 y (ii) comprender el panorama de las elecciones presidenciales de 2022. El marco teórico que respalda este trabajo son los estudios sobre marketing político de Albuquerque (1998) y Gomes, Fernandes, Carvalho (2020), Braga (2010), Elis (2020), Reis y Silva (2009). La metodología utilizada es la empírica, con la base bibliográfica (GIL, 2003), y el método es el deductivo hipotético. Los resultados logrados confirman que los candidatos presidenciales en Brasil usan las redes sociales como una forma de compartir sus valores en sus campañas políticas, con la esperanza de influir en la decisión de votación de sus votantes y explicar la importancia del marketing digital en campañas políticas.
Destination Brainport
Authors: Harry Rachelle
Published: January 2023

Rachelle Harry speaks to Didier Gorteman, CFO and congress director at ERTICO ITS Europe, to find out how, in line with the ITS European Congress’s theme, ITS is ‘fulfilling promises’
Color constancy from a pure color view
Authors: Yue Shuwei , Wei Minchen
Published: January 2023

Great efforts have been made on illuminant estimation in both academia and industry, leading to the development of various statistical- and learning-based methods. Little attention, however, has been given to images that are dominated by a single color (i.e., pure color images), though they are not trivial to smartphone cameras. In this study, a pure color image dataset, “PolyU Pure Color,” was developed. A lightweight feature-based multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model—“Pure Color Constancy (PCC)”—was also developed for estimating the illuminant of pure color images using four color features (i.e., the chromaticities of the maximal, mean, brightest, and darkest pixels) of an image. The proposed PCC method was found to have significantly better performance for pure color images in the PolyU Pure Color dataset and comparable performance for normal images in two existing image datasets, in comparison to the various state-of-the-art learning-based methods, with a good cross-sensor performance. Such good performance was achieved with a much smaller number of parameters (i.e., around 400) and a very short processing time (i.e., around 0.25 ms) for an image using an unoptimized Python package. This makes the proposed method possible for practical deployments.
All-step-index-fiber spatiotemporally mode-locked laser
Authors: Gao Chenxin , Cao Bo , Ding Yihang , Xiao Xiaosheng , Yang Dali , Fei Hongyang , Yang Changxi , Bao Chengying
Published: January 2023

Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) in multi-mode fiber (MMF) lasers has extended the concept of temporal dissipative solitons into spatiotemporal dissipative solitons. To date, all reported STML in MMF lasers has used graded-index (GRIN) MMFs either solely or hybridly with other fibers. Compared to GRIN MMFs, step-index (STIN) MMFs have much larger intermode dispersion on both group and phase velocities. Building all-STIN MMF lasers can provide a new platform to explore the spatiotemporal dissipative soliton dynamics. Here, we report experimental and numerical observation of STML in an all-STIN MMF laser. Distinct from GRIN MMF lasers, the large intermode dispersion in the all-STIN MMF laser cannot be balanced by Kerr nonlinearity, and significant walk-off between mode-resolved pulses was observed experimentally. Simulations suggest that this walk-off is counteracted by spatial coupling in the laser, and a mother–child coupling mechanism is proposed to understand it. This mother–child coupling can enable STML with a single repetition rate with infinitely large intermode dispersion. Our work enriches MMF laser architectures for STML in a parameter regime that has not been considered, to our knowledge.
Electromagnetic field distribution inside an ENZ material: anatomy of the volume plasmon
Authors: Muys Peter
Published: January 2023

The volume plasmon is traditionally known as a collective oscillation of free electrons against a fixed positive background, inside a metal or a semiconductor. The oscillation takes place in the direction of the wave propagation, the electric field too, so it constitutes a longitudinal wave. We argue that the volume plasmon has a much richer (and complicated) physical content, by showing that it simultaneously also behaves as a transverse wave. This degeneracy resides in the fact that its wave vector at resonance is a null vector k.k=0 and not the zero vector k=0.
Human brucellosis in Baringo County, Kenya: Evaluating the diagnostic kits used and identifying infecting Brucella species
Authors: Waringa Nelly M. A. , Waiboci Lilian W. , Bebora Lilly , Kinyanjui Peter W. , Kosgei Philemon , Kiambi Stella , Osoro Eric
Published: January 2023

Human brucellosis diagnosis has been a challenge in Brucella-endemic areas. In Kenya, diagnosis is usually carried out using Febrile Brucella Antigen agglutination test (FBAT) whose performance is not well documented. This paper reports on the sensitivity and specificity of the FBAT used for brucellosis diagnosis on blood samples/serum collected in three healthcare facilities in Baringo County, Kenya, and on Brucella species present in the study area. The FBAT test results at the hospitals were used to guide patient management. Patients who visited the hospital’s laboratory with a clinician’s request for brucellosis testing also filled a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitudes associated with transmission of the disease in the study area. The remaining serum samples were tested again using FBAT and Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) within a month of blood collection at the University Nairobi Laboratory. The two rapid tests were then compared, with respect to brucellosis diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. To identify infecting Brucella species, a proportion 43% (71/166) of the blood clots were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. ovis and B. suis. Out of 166 serum samples tested, 26.5% (44/166) were positive using FBAT and 10.2% (17/166) positive using RBPT. The sensitivity and specificity of FBAT compared to RBPT was 76.47% and 71.19%, respectively while the positive and negative predictive values were 29.55% and 96.72%, respectively. The FBAT showed higher positivity then RBPT. The difference in sensitivity and specificity of FBAT and RBPTs was relatively low. The high FBAT positivity rate would be indication of misdiagnosis; this would lead to incorrect treatment. Brucella abortus was detected from 9.9% (7/71) of the blood clots tested; no other Brucella species were detected. Thus human brucellosis, in Baringo was mainly caused by B. abortus.
A descriptive retrospective study on HIV care cascade in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines
Authors: Nepomuceno Marisse , Abad Cybele Lara , Salvaña Edsel Maurice
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The HIV care cascade is a model used to examine the engagement of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in medical care from the time of diagnosis to sustained viral suppression. This study describes the stages of the cascade from linkage to care, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, retention in care, and virologic suppression- at the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) STD/AIDS Guidance and Intervention Prevention (SAGIP) treatment hub in the context of existing cascades with similar demographics.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients enrolled at the UP-PGH SAGIP treatment hub from June 2015 to December 2017. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, relevant to each stage of the cascade. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel version 16.0 was used to characterize data and cumulative and conditional proportions were reported.

Results

Of the 584 patients included in the cohort, majority were male (91.1%), with a median age of 29 years (range, 0.17 to 68 years). Male-to-male sex was the most common mode of transmission (325/584, 55.6%). Among all patients enrolled at the UP PGH SAGIP treatment hub, 99.5% were linked to care, 95.0% initiated ART, 78.8% were retained in care and maintained on ART, 47.9% were tested for HIV viral load, and 45.5% achieved viral suppression.

Conclusion

A high proportion of patients enrolled at the UP-PGH SAGIP treatment hub are linked to care and initiate ART, exceeding the set goal of 90%, which is higher than reported nationwide. However, there is a substantial decrease in the number of patients who are subsequently retained in care, tested for HIV viral load, and achieve viral suppression. Gaps in the cascade related to healthcare delivery need to be investigated further and addressed by future studies. We recommend implementation of a community-based, patient-centered approach in order to reach the goals of the HIV cascade, with particular focus on young, MSM-PLHIV.
Combining vertebrate mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to investigate the diet of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Korea
Authors: Woo Cheolwoon , Kumari Priyanka , Eo Kyung Yeon , Lee Woo-Shin , Kimura Junpei , Yamamoto Naomichi
Published: January 2023

The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), an endangered species in South Korea, is a small feline widely distributed in Asia. Here, we investigated the diet of leopard cats in the inland areas of Korea by examining their fecal contents using vertebrate mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that the feces were rich in DNA not only of vertebrates but also of arthropods and plants, but care should be taken when using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to identify vertebrates at low taxonomic levels (e.g., genus level), as it was often erroneous. Meanwhile, vertebrate mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequencing was found to be accurate in the genus-level identification, as the genera identified were consistent with the Korean fauna. We found that small mammals such as murids were their main prey. By using these two sequencing methods in combination, this study demonstrated that accurate information about the overall dietary content and vertebrate prey of leopard cats could be obtained. We expect that the continued community efforts to expand the genome database of wildlife, including vertebrates, will alleviate the problem of erroneous identification of prey at low taxonomic levels by shotgun metagenomic sequencing in the near future.
Reviews
Authors: Kelso Tony , Crisomalis Stephen , Casey Cheryl A.
Published: January 2023

Ben-Ze’ev, Aaron. Love Online: Emotions on the Internet. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 302 pp. Cloth $25.00, ISBN 0-521-83296-9. Wiese, Heike. Numbers, Language, and the Human Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 346 pp. Cloth $95.00,
ISBN 0-521-83182-2. Deutscher, Guy. The Unfolding of Language: An Evolutionary Tour of Mankind’s Greatest Invention. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2005. 358 pp. Cloth $26.00, ISBN 0-8050-79076. Paper $16.00, ISBN 0-8050-801290.
Review
Authors: Baasanjav Undrahbuyan
Published: January 2023

T. L. Taylor. Play Between Worlds: Exploring Online Game Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. 205 pp. Paperback $15.95. ISBN: 0262512629.
Framing Fan Fiction: Literary and Social Practices in Fan Fiction Communities, Kristina Busse (2017)
Authors: Govocek Nicola Rene
Published: January 2023

Review of: Framing Fan Fiction: Literary and Social Practices in Fan Fiction Communities, Kristina Busse (2017)

Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 254 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-60938-514-9, p/bk, $45.00
The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718-20): The «Great War» that Never Was
Authors: Storrs Christopher
Published: January 2023

El acuerdo de paz de Utrecht y Rastatt-Baden (1713-14) dejó sin resolver muchas de las cuestiones en juego en la Guerra de Sucesión Española y también creó nuevos problemas. Estos, sobre todo el hecho de que Felipe V y su rival por el trono español, el archiduque Carlos («Carlos III») —desde 1711 emperador Carlos VI del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico— no hubieran hecho las paces en 1713-14, amenazaban con volver a encender una guerra que podría implicar al resto de Europa. Los ministros británico y francés intentaron idear medidas para resolver estas diferencias. En 1717 las fuerzas de Felipe ocuparon la isla de Cerdeña y en 1718 invadieron la vecina Sicilia, lo que provocó la conclusión de la Cuádruple Alianza (agosto de 1718) para imponer una solución a España (y Saboya). La derrota inglesa de la flota española en Cabo Passaro en agosto de 1718 amenazó con convertirse en una guerra más general comparable a la Guerra de Sucesión española. Sin embargo, Felipe V no pudo encontrar aliados ni incitar a la revuelta en Gran Bretaña y Francia. El conflicto se limitó a unos pocos teatros y participantes y finalizó con la incorporación de Felipe V a la Cuádruple Alianza a principios de 1720. El episodio arroja importantes luces sobre las prioridades españolas, sobre el estado «fiscal-militar» y sobre el funcionamiento del sistema internacional en el secuelas de la Guerra de Sucesión española un período en el que las aspiraciones revanchistas de Felipe V se encontraban entre las más graves amenazas a la paz en Europa. La experiencia sugiere que no debemos desdeñar demasiado los enfoques más tradicionales de la historia diplomática.
cuádriple alianza de 1718
Authors: Pérez Samper María Ángeles
Published: January 2023

Tras la Guerra de Sucesión a la Corona española, el tratado de Utrecht de 1713 había establecido un nuevo equilibrio europeo como fundamento de la paz. Pero Felipe V se negó a aceptar la pérdida de las posesiones españolas en Italia. En 1717 emprendió la conquista de Cerdeña y en 1718 la de Sicilia. Esta política beligerante hizo reaccionar a las otras potencias europeas que firmaron la Cuádruple Alianza para restaurar el equilibrio. Estalló una nueva guerra que obligó a Felipe V a devolver las islas conquistadas. Con el Tratado de La Haya de 1720 se cerraba el primer capítulo de la larga lucha por el equilibrio en el Mediterráneo. El sistema de balanza de poderes establecido sería repetidamente cuestionado por los diversos intereses encontrados de las potencias europeas. Fue un equilibrio lleno de desequilibrios.
política italiana de Felipe V entre 1713 y 1746
Authors: León Sanz Virginia
Published: January 2023

La política dinástica de Felipe V puso en peligro la estabilidad europea tras la Paz de Utrecht y tuvo en Italia su principal escenario, lo que afectó a los exiliados austracistas de la Guerra de Sucesión y a las relaciones con Viena. Pero también se vieron implicadas en la defensa del nuevo orden internacional otras potencias europeas, especialmente Gran Bretaña, Francia, sin olvidar el papel de Saboya. En la Europa del equilibrio las motivaciones comerciales y coloniales emergieron con fuerza. La renovación de la historiografía sobre el reinado de Felipe V apunta a la complejidad de las décadas siguientes al conflicto dinástico tanto a nivel interno como en su dimensión internacional. La consolidación del sistema de Utrecht estuvo acompañada de reajustes y transformaciones.