bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) technique and its recent applications in grain research
Authors: Ma Chao , Nie Honglei , Liu Ling‐Xiao , Wang Fu‐Rong , Chen Yingjie , Zhang Wenmeng , Liu Yun‐Guo
Published: May 2024

Grains are the primary source of food for most people worldwide and constitute a major source of carbohydrates. Many novel technologies are being employed to ensure the safety and reliability of grain supply and production. Gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) can effectively separate and sensitively detect volatile organic compounds. It possesses advantages such as speed, convenience, high sensitivity, no pretreatment, and wide applicability. In recent years, many studies have shown that the application of GC‐IMS technology for grain flavor analysis can play a crucial role in grains. This article elucidates the working principle of GC‐IMS technology, reviews the application of GC‐IMS in grains in the past 5 years. GC‐IMS technology is mainly applied in four aspects in grains. In grain classification, it distinguishes varieties, quality, origin, production year, and processing methods based on the trace differences in volatile organic compounds, thereby fulfilling various grain classification requirements such as origin tracing, geographical indication product recognition, variety identification, production year identification, and detection of counterfeit and inferior grain samples. In optimizing the processing technology of grains and their products, it can improve food flavor, reduce undesirable flavors, and identify better processing parameters. In grain storage, it can determine the storage time, detect spoilage phenomena such as mold and discoloration during storage, eliminate pests affecting storage, and predict the vitality of seeds after storage. In aroma evaluation of grains and their processed products, it can assess the impact of new raw materials, new technologies, fermentation processes, and even oral processing on the quality of grain products. This article also summarizes the characteristics of GC‐IMS technology, compiles typical grain flavor compounds, and provides prospects for the future application of GC‐IMS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Alien species water hyacinth realizes waste into treasure: The preparation of biomass sorbent to determine benzoylurea insecticides in tea products
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Ye Baogui , Zhao Zhongwei , Liu Mengyun , Fan Fangbin , Tao Caihong
Published: May 2024

A fast and effective analytical method with biomass solid‐phase microextraction sorbent combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector was proposed for the determination of benzoylurea (BU) insecticides in tea products. The novel sorbent was prepared by activating and then carbonizing water hyacinth with a fast growth rate and low application value as raw material and showed a high specific surface area and multiple interactions with analytes, such as electrostatic action, hydrogen bonding, and π‐π conjugation. After optimizing the three most important extraction parameters (pH [X1], sample loading rate [X2], and solution volume [X3]) by Box‐Behnken design, the as‐established analytical method showed good extraction performance: excellent recovery (80.13%–106.66%) and wide linear range (1–400 µg/L) with a determination coefficient of 0.9992–0.9999, a low limit of detection of 0.02–0.1 µg/L and the satisfactory practical application results in tea products. All these indicate that the water hyacinth‐derived material has the potential as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the detection and removal of BU insecticides from tea products, and at the same time, it can also achieve the effect of rational use of biological resources, maintaining ecological balance, turning waste into treasure, and achieving industrial production.
Analytical strategies to identify multicomponent quality markers for commercial Hua‐ju‐hong using multidimensional chemical analysis
Authors: Zhong Chuchu , Wu Yuting , Cao Changhong , Lin Danlin , Zhang Jinju , Wu Fan , Deng Jing , Ma Zhiguo , Zhang Ying , Cao Hui , Wu Menghua
Published: May 2024

Hua‐ju‐hong (HJH) is a Chinese medicinal material obtained from Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ (CGT) and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (CG) with various commercial specifications. It is known for relieving cough and dispelling phlegm. To reveal the quality marker for distinguishing the various HJH, 215 batches of commercial HJH were studied systematically using multidimensional chemical analysis. Ten major components were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and quantified via high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. In this study, a rapid, efficient, and low‐cost chromatographic method was established. Total coumarin‐hemiterpene and total coumarin‐monoterpene were first classified and analyzed in HJH. The result indicated that the main component, naringin, was not the quality marker for differentiating CGT from CG. For reflecting the unique medicinal and food value of HJH, coumarins should be the more potential quality markers. Flavonoids were the possible quality markers for distinguishing two growth stages of fruit‐exocarp and young fruit. For the first time, two chemotypes of HJH were identified in CG. This study provides a convenient yet reliant chromatographic method and novel yet systematic strategies for overall quality control of commercial HJH.
Non‐invasive quantitative assessment of induced component displacement can safely and accurately diagnose tibial component loosening in patients: A prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Buijs George S. , Kievit Arthur J. , Ter Wee Maaike A. , Magg Caroline , Dobbe Johannes G. G. , Streekstra Geert J. , Schafroth Matthias U. , Blankevoort Leendert
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Aseptic loosening often requires major, expensive and invasive revision surgery. Current diagnostic modalities merely show indirect signs of loosening. A recent proof of concept study proposed a non‐invasive technique for the quantitative and visual assessment of implant movement as a diagnostic aid for tibial component loosening. The primary research question addressed is whether this novel diagnostic modality can safely and effectively aid the diagnosis of aseptic loosening.

Methods

This clinical study included patients suspected of aseptic total knee arthroplasty (TKA) loosening listed for revision surgery and asymptomatic patients. Safety was evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS) for discomfort and by registration of adverse events. Feasibility was assessed by recording the duration and ease of the procedure. Intra‐ and interrater reliability were evaluated. In symptomatic patients, diagnostic accuracy metrics were evaluated with intra‐operative assessment as a reference test.

Results

In total, 34 symptomatic and 38 asymptomatic knees with a TKA were analysed. The median NRS for discomfort during loading was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.75–7.00) in symptomatic patients and 2 (IQR: 1.00–3.00) in asymptomatic patients. No adverse events were reported. The majority of users found the use of the loading device easy. The median time spent in the computed tomography room was 9 min (IQR: 8.00–11.00). Excellent to good intra‐ and interrater reliabilities were achieved. Diagnostic accuracy analysis resulted in a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.97) and a specificity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.43–0.90).

Conclusions

The proposed diagnostic method is safe, feasible, reliable and accurate in aiding the diagnosis of aseptic tibial component loosening.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Vegetation promotes flow retardation and retention in deltaic wetlands
Authors: Zhang Xiaohe , Jones Cathleen E. , Simard Marc , Passalacqua Paola , Oliver‐Cabrera Talib , Fagherazzi Sergio
Published: May 2024

We introduce a new approach to observe the impact of vegetation on tidal flow retardation and retention at large spatial scales. Using radar interferometry and in situ water level gauge measurements during low tide, we find that vegetation in deltaic intertidal zones of the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, causes significant tidal distortion with both a delay (between 80 and 140 min) and amplitude reduction (~ 20 cm). The natural vegetation front delays the ebb tide, which increases the minimum water level and hydro‐period inside the deltaic islands, resulting in better conditions for wetland species colonizing low elevations. This positive feedback between vegetation and hydraulics demonstrates the self‐organization functionality of vegetation in the geomorphological evolution of deltas, which contributes to deltaic stability.
2D Material Based Nonlinear Optical Mirror for Widefield Up‐Conversion Imaging from Near Infrared to Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Konkada Manattayil Jyothsna , A S Lal Krishna , Prosad Asish , Bag Urmila , Biswas Rabindra , Raghunathan Varun
Published: May 2024

Infrared up‐conversion imaging is used for frequency conversion of near and mid‐infrared photons to the visible or shorter near‐infrared wavelength range where high‐performance silicon sensors can be used for imaging in‐lieu of the cumbersome infrared counterparts. Nonlinear optical crystals are used for up‐conversion imaging, however, this typically requires long lengths, high pump power, and careful phase matching between interacting waves. To miniaturize the up‐conversion imaging device and eliminate stringent phase‐matching requirements, sub‐wavelength size optical metasurfaces are being explored as the nonlinear optical medium supporting resonances in the near‐infrared, albeit being prone to higher‐order diffraction at the up‐converted wavelengths. Here, a novel two‐dimensional (2D) layered material‐based nonlinear optical mirror (NLOM) based wide‐field up‐conversion imaging device is demonstrated with only 45 nm thick Gallium Selenide (GaSe) layer on a gold reflector with a suitable dielectric spacer. Near‐infrared input at 1550 nm is up‐converted to 622 nm visible output in the presence of a pump beam at 1040 nm through a sum frequency generation (SFG) process. The NLOM stack is optimized using particle swarm optimization algorithm for maximizing the detected SFG signal. Image up‐conversion experiments are performed demonstrating real, Fourier‐plane imaging, and real‐time Fourier‐domain processing with good imaging fidelity and efficiency.
Potential of Date Palm Fibers (DPFs) as a Sustainable Reinforcement for Bio‐ Composites and its Property Enhancement for Key Applications: A Review
Authors: Dhakal Hom N. , Khan Sakib Hossain , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Saifullah Abu , Zhang Zhongyi
Published: May 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in the use of Date Palm Fiber (DPF) reinforced composites, highlighting their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties and the enhancements achieved through various modification techniques. Date palm fibers, a sustainable and biodegradable resource, have garnered significant interest due to their potential in reducing environmental impact across several key industries, including building and construction, automotive, and packaging. The review discusses the effects of hybrid approaches and physical and chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of DPF composites, demonstrating improvements in tensile strength, elasticity, and flexural strength through optimized fiber‐matrix bonding and reduced moisture absorption. Thermal behavior analyses through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), and thermal conductivity underscore the composites’ suitability for applications requiring high thermal stability and conductivity for insulation applications. Morphological studies reveal that surface‐treated fibers integrate more effectively with various polymeric matrices, leading to enhanced composite performance. The practical applications of DPF composites are explored, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainable manufacturing practices. Challenges such as scalability, cost‐efficiency, and performance consistency are addressed, alongside future perspectives that suggest a promising direction for further research and technological development in the field of natural fiber composites. This review aims to solidify the foundation for ongoing advancements and increase the adoption of DPF composites in commercial applications.
The necessary role of an efficient tumor immunotherapy by MHC II expression on amateur APCs
Authors: Zhong Jiaxin , Lin Xiaorong , Hu Hai
Published: May 2024

Antigen presentation, as the initial step in inducing the activation of T lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in antitumor response. Studies concentrating on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules and the activated CD4+ helper T (Th) cells have gained popularity in light of the past limited efficacy of MHC I‐activated CD8+ T cells alone. In general, MHC II is canonically expressed by professional antigen‐presenting cells (pAPCs), yet attempts to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cell (DC) activation have mostly been unsuccessful. In recent years, a number of studies have found that a variety of cells, including cancer cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs), are considered amateur APCs (aAPCs) and can express MHC II molecules, which have piqued the interest of researchers. These groups vastly outnumber DCs or macrophages, and it has been confirmed that they also qualify as antigen‐presenting complexes that are functionally related to conventional pAPCs. Herein, we will review current research regarding the antigen presentation process of MHC II, its advances in APC surfaces, especially for aAPCs, the special mechanisms of regulation of MHC II on aAPCs, and combination therapy targeting MHC II as a possible treatment strategy in cancer.
Paraproteinemic neuropathies
Authors: Traub Rebecca , Qarni Taha , Cohen Adam D. , Karam Chafic
Published: May 2024

The diagnostic evaluation of a peripheral neuropathy includes testing for the presence of monoclonal gammopathy, which can be found in about 10% of patients with peripheral neuropathy. Our role, as physicians, is to determine whether the neuropathy is directly related to the gammopathy or whether the co‐occurrence of these two disorders is purely coincidental. The evaluating physician needs to be familiar with the different types of neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies, their clinical and electrodiagnostic characteristics, and their appropriate diagnostic evaluation and management. Testing for monoclonal protein disorders includes serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation of blood, and in some cases of urine, as well as measurement of free light chains and quantitative immunoglobulins. Specific antibody testing is directed by paraprotein type and neuropathy phenotype. Patients with abnormal free light chains in association with sensory and autonomic neuropathy should be evaluated for AL amyloidosis. When a lambda monoclonal protein is identified together with a clinical phenotype of chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (CIDP), a diagnosis of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes (POEMS) syndrome should be considered. Patients with IgM paraprotein associated neuropathy should be assessed for distal acquired demyelinating sensorimotor (DADS) neuropathy, with or without anti myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody or CANOMAD syndrome. In many cases, a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) is incidental and unrelated to the neuropathy. Collaboration with oncology is critical in evaluating patients with monoclonal proteins to assess for underlying plasma cell neoplasms or B cell lymphomas.
Kunststoffrecycling: Immer wieder von vorn
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: May 2024

Polymerisierung – Depolymerisierung – Polymerisierung – fast unendlich oft: Polymere lassen sich chemisch polyrezyklieren.
Poröse Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Krause Simon
Published: May 2024

Mit oder ohne Sprudel? Permanent poröse Flüssigkeiten nehmen Gase in ihre Poren auf und setzen diese wieder frei – es gibt sogar wässrige poröse Materialien. Wichtige Bestandteile der neuen Materialklasse: anorganische Koordinationskäfige und Gerüstverbindungen sowie ionischen Flüssigkeiten.
Virtual Reality für den Chemieunterricht
Authors: Zeller Diana , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia , Mack Nils , Diekmann Charlotte , Schrader Claudia
Published: May 2024

Fachwissenschaftler:innen, Fach‐ und Mediendidaktiker:innen haben ein Forschungsprojekt entworfen, in dem Lehramtsstudierende Verbrennungsreaktionen in Sauerstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffdioxidatmosphäre virtuell erfahrbar machen. Getestet wird es von Schüler:innen, die in der VR‐Umgebung Experimente durchführen können, die sonst teilweise nicht als Schülerversuch durchgeführt werden dürfen.
Prozessindustrie: Mit Digitalisierung zu nachhaltigen Polymeren
Authors: Wee Lisa
Published: May 2024

Mit KI‐gestützten Simulationen und dem Teilen von Daten in Connected Industrial Ecosystems können Chemieunternehmen Emissionen senken und Ressourcen besser nutzen. Wie das konkret geht, zeigt ein Beispiel von Covestro.
Massenspektrometrie‐Jahrestagung in Freising
Authors: Gross Jürgen H.
Published: May 2024

Die 55. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie (DGMS) fand in diesem Jahr auf dem Campus Freising der TU München statt. An der viertägigen Veranstaltung Mitte März nahmen etwa 450 Personen teil, darunter Promovierende und Professoren, aber auch Industrievertreter. Es gab vier Plenarvorträge und drei parallel zueinander laufende Sessions mit je einem Keynote‐Vortrag. Am letzten Tag der Veranstaltung traf sich die DGMS‐Fachgruppe LC‐MS. Sieben Workshops vor und nach dem Kernevent rahmten das Programm ein, und 19 Firmen stellten ihre Produkte aus. Die Veranstaltung vor Ort organisierten Bernhard Küster und Corinna Dawid von der TU München.
Nachruf: Achim Müller (1938 – 2024)
Authors: Diemann Ekkehard , Glaser Thorsten , Krebs Bernt
Published: May 2024

Mit seinen breit gefächerten Forschungsinteressen in der anorganischen Chemie gewann Achim Müller internationale Anerkennung. Insbesondere die Chemie der Chemie der Polyoxometallate führte er (im Wortsinn) in neue Dimensionen.
Für Textilien: Silicium statt Fluor
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Fasern werden wasserabweisend, indem sie im Plasma mit Siloxanen umhüllt werden. Dies soll besser imprägnieren als fluorhaltige Chemikalien.
Dipole‐based BEM formulation for three‐dimensional cohesive crack propagation modelling
Authors: Ribeiro Almeida Luís Philipe , Leonel Edson Denner
Published: May 2024

This study presents an alternative boundary element method (BEM) formulation for the cohesive crack propagation modelling in three‐dimensional structures. The proposed formulation utilises an initial stress field for representing the mechanical behaviour along the fracture process zone, which leads to a set of self‐equilibrated forces named as dipole. Cohesive laws govern the material nonlinear behaviour along the fracture process zone. The proposed dipole‐based formulation demonstrates some advantages in comparison to classical BEM approaches in this field. Among them, it is worth citing the requirement of solely three integral equations per collocation point positioned at the fracture process zone. The effectiveness of the dipole‐based formulation has been demonstrated by four applications. The results have been compared to numerical, experimental and analytical solutions available in the literature, in which excellent performance has been observed.
Untargeted metabolomics, optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction using Box–Behnken design and evaluation of antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Ovatlarnporn Chitchamai , Basit Abdul , Paliwal Himanshu , Nalinbenjapun Sirinporn , Sripetthong Sasikarn , Suksuwan Acharee , Mahamud Nureesun , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The fruit wastes, in particular agricultural wastes, are considered potential and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds.

Objective

The current study was aimed at the preparation of an optimized extract of sugarcane bagasse using microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technology and comparative evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities with extract prepared through maceration technique.

Methodology

Box–Behnken Design (BDD) with response surface methodology was applied to observe interactions of three independent variables (ethanol concentrations [%], microwave power [W], and extraction time [min]) on the dependent variables (total phenolic content [TPC] and antioxidant status via 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] to establish optimal extraction conditions. The ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) analysis was applied for untargeted metabolite profiling, and in vitro assays were used for evaluation of the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, an in silico study was used to predict the interaction of five dominant compounds from the UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS profile against the dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) enzyme.

Results

The optimal conditions for the extraction were established at 60% (v/v) ethanol, 500 W microwave power, and 5 min time with TPC 12.83 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g d.w. and DPPH 45.09 ± 0.07%. The UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis revealed the presence of a total of 106 compounds in the extract. Moreover, the extract prepared through MAE technology presented higher TPC and DPPH findings than the extract prepared through maceration. Similarly, the extract was also found with good antidiabetic activity by inhibiting the DPP‐IV enzyme which was also rectified theoretically by a molecular docking study.

Conclusion

The current study presents a sustainable and an optimized approach for the preparation of sugarcane bagasse extract with functional phytoconstituents and higher antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
Neurophenotype and genetic analysis of children with Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome in China
Authors: Zhang Shen , Zhang Weihua , Ding Changhong , Ren Xiaotun , Fang Fang , Wu Yun
Published: May 2024

Importance

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system and autoimmunity. However, research on AGS among Chinese patients is limited.

Objective

To summarize the neurologic phenotypes and genetic causes in pediatric AGS patients, providing insights for early recognition and diagnosis in the Chinese population.

Methods

Clinical features and neuroimaging results of the patients diagnosed with AGS from Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2018 and January 2022 were collected. Whole exome sequencing was used for genetic analysis.

Results

A total of 15 patients was included, all presenting with various neurological symptoms, including developmental delay (100%), motor skill impairment (100%), language disability (78.6%), dystonia (93.3%), microcephaly (73.3%), sleep disorders (26.7%), regression (20.0%), vessel disease (6.7%), and epilepsy (6.7%). Neuroimaging revealed intracranial calcification (86.7%), cerebral atrophy (73.3%), and leukodystrophy (73.3%). Seven genes were identified, with TREX1 being the most common (40.0%, 6/15), followed by IFIH1 (20.0%, 3/15). Variant c.294dupA (p.C99Mfs*3) was detected in four unrelated patients, accounting for 66.7% (4/6) patients with the TREX1 variant. A literature review showed that TREX1 gene mutations in 35.6% (21/59) of AGS patients among the Chinese population.

Interpretation

Neurological symptoms are the most prevalent and severe presentation of AGS. Diagnosis may be considered when symptoms such as developmental delay, dystonia, microcephaly, brain calcification, and leukodystrophy emerge. TREX1 mutations are predominant in the Chinese population.
A new effective phenomenological constitutive model for semi‐crystalline and amorphous polymers
Authors: Iadarola Andrea , Ciardiello Raffaele , Paolino Davide Salvatore
Published: May 2024

A new phenomenological constitutive model is proposed for the prediction of the tensile and compressive behavior of semi‐crystalline and amorphous polymers. The new model modifies the phenomenological model previously proposed by Zhou and Mallick (ZM model) to correctly predict the complex behavior of thermoplastic materials including the linear viscoelastic deformation, the non‐linear viscoelastic deformation, the yielding, the post‐yield strain softening and the post‐yield strain hardening. A validation activity based on literature data has been carried out for polyether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) and polycarbonate (PC) materials. The new model proved effective in fitting with high accuracy all the phases of the flow stress behavior for the considered materials, across a wide range of strain rates and temperature conditions. Finally, the comparison with Zhu et al., Duan et al., Nasraoui et al., Mulliken‐Boyce and Zhou‐Mallick models showed the better fitting performance of the proposed phenomenological model.

Highlights

Formulation of a new phenomenological model.

Validation on mechanical test of semi‐crystalline and amorphous thermoplastics.

Comparison with different phenomenological models present in the literature.

Superior prediction results achieved compared to previously developed models.
Environmental implications of oxalic and malonic acids with tropospheric oxidants
Authors: Aazaad Basheer , Mano Priya Angappan , Subramani Rubini
Published: May 2024

Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are major players in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and climate change. DCAs have potential impact on human health and environmental issues ranging from local scale to global scale participate mainly in the cloud condensation. In this context, oxalic acid (OA) and malonic acid (MA) are the most dominant DCAs in the atmosphere. A full atmospheric degradation mechanism of OA and MA with the most reactive tropospheric oxidants, namely, OH, Cl and NO3 radicals, were studied using M06‐2X, ωB97XD/cc‐pVTZ and 6‐311++G(2df,2p) level of theories. To evaluate the atmospheric influence, this study enables us to deep investigation of fate of OA and MA with respect to the mentioned radicals and their subsequent secondary reactions. The latter result in the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), formic acid (HCOOH), which contributes to the formation of SOA and climate change. The reaction mechanism in this study was initiated through H‐abstraction reaction, followed by dehydrogenation and decarboxylation reaction of both DCAs. The rate coefficients of OA, MA with OH, Cl and NO3 radicals are determined theoretically using variational transition state theory (VTST) with Eckart tunnelling method in the temperature range of 278–1000 K. At 298 K, the rate coefficient of OA with OH, Cl and NO3 are 2.48 × 10−15, 2.37 × 10−20, 6.16 × 10−23 in cm3 molecule−1 s−1, whereas MA with OH, Cl and NO3 are 9.76 × 10−14, 1.01 × 10−12 and 5.89 × 10−18 in cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. Our present results shed light on the atmospheric implications of two DCAs and provide the significant insight for the atmospheric pathways.
Molecular mechanism of reduced biological fitness of fludioxonil‐resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Yin Xueru , Wang Zongwei , Wang Jing , Fang Anfei , Tian Binnian , Yang Yuheng , Yu Yang , Bi Chaowei
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Fludioxonil is a fungicide used to control gray mold. However, the frequency of resistance in the field is low, and highly resistant strains are rarely isolated. The biological fitness of the resistant strain is lower than that of the wild strain. Therefore, the molecular mechanism underlying the decrease in the fitness of the fludioxonil‐resistant strain of Botrytis cinerea was explored to provide a theoretical basis for resistance monitoring and management.

RESULTS

Transcriptome analysis was performed on five different‐point mutant resistant strains of fludioxonil, focusing on mining and screening candidate genes that lead to reduced fitness of the resistant strains and the functional verification of these genes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the five point‐mutation resistant strains intersected with 1869 DEGs. Enrichment analysis showed that three downregulated genes (Bcin05g07030, Bcgad1, and Bcin03g05840) were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways and were downregulated in both domesticated strains. Bcin05g07030 and Bcin03g05840 were involved in mycelial growth and development, pathogenicity, and conidial yield, and negatively regulated oxidative stress and cell wall synthesis. Bcgad1 was involved in mycelial growth and development, conidial yield, oxidative stress, and cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, Bcin05g07030 was involved in osmotic stress and spore germination, whereas Bcin03g05840 and Bcgad1 negatively regulated osmotic stress and cell wall integrity.

CONCLUSION

These results enable us to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying the decrease in the biological fitness of B. cinerea fludioxonil‐resistant strains. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genistein alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis via ERK/STAT3/c‐Myc signaling pathway in rat model
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Feng Ailu , Liu Chunyang , Zhou Wenxiu , Li Kexue , Liu Yan , Shi Yue , Adu‐Amankwaah Joseph , Yu Hongli , Pan Xiuhua , Sun Hong
Published: May 2024

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a highly effective anti‐neoplastic agent. Still, its utility in the clinic has been hindered by toxicities, including vomiting, hematopoietic suppression and nausea, with cardiotoxicity being the most serious side effect. Genistein (Gen) is a natural product with extensive biological effects, including anti‐oxidation, anti‐tumor, and cardiovascular protection. This study evaluated whether Gen protected the heart from Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were categorized into control (Ctrl), genistein (Gen), doxorubicin (Dox), genistein 20 mg/kg/day + doxorubicin (Gen20 + Dox) and genistein 40 mg/kg/day + doxorubicin (Gen40 + Dox) groups. Six weeks after injection, immunohistochemistry (IHC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and clinical cardiac function analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of Dox on cardiac function and structural alterations. Furthermore, each heart histopathological lesions were given a score of 0–3 in compliance with the articles for statistical analysis. In addition, molecular and cellular response of H9c2 cells toward Dox were evaluated through western blotting, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8), AO staining and calcein AM/PI assay. Dox (5 μM in vitro and 18 mg/kg in vivo) was used in this study. In vivo, low‐dose Gen pretreatment protected the rat against Dox‐induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological remodeling. Gen inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)'s phosphorylation, increased the protein levels of STAT3 and c‐Myc, and decreased the autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. U0126, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, can mimic the effect of Gen in protecting against Dox‐induced cytotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Molecular docking analysis showed that Gen forms a stable complex with ERK1/2. Gen protected the heart against Dox‐induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis through the ERK/STAT3/c‐Myc signaling pathway.
Assessing the role of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on the severe heatwave of May 2015 over India
Authors: Zore Tukaram , Landu Kiranmayi
Published: May 2024

In May 2015, the southeastern coastal states of India encountered one of the deadliest heatwaves in Indian history. Researchers have extensively studied the event to understand the underlying mechanisms and concluded that horizontal warm‐air advection from northwestern parts of India and adiabatic heating were the main attributing factors for the event. However, the large‐scale atmospheric processes that led to these conditions have not been thoroughly explored. In the present study, we show that this event was largely associated with the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) that is prominent during this season. Our analysis shows that the BSISO dry phase lead to a persistent high‐pressure system, with anomalous subsidence favoring adiabatic heating and anticyclonic circulation anomalies increasing the northwesterly warm‐air advection. It is shown that a 55% to 75% contribution to the maximum surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies during the heatwave period can be attributed to BSISO‐related temperature anomalies. Furthermore, the results show that, in the absence of BSISO, the heat event would have dissipated with 1–2 hot days with much less intensity and the presence of the BSISO dry phase extended the heatwave duration by six days. The impact of BSISO on this heatwave was further substantiated by sensitivity experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. This analysis emphasizes that improving the forecasting skills of BSISO may facilitate the subseasonal forecast of local heatwave events.
Assessing changes in reliability methods over time: An unsupervised text mining approach
Authors: Brown Charles K. , Cameron Bruce G.
Published: May 2024

Reliability engineering faces many of the same challenges today that it did at its inception in the 1950s. The fundamental issue remains uncertainty in system representation, specifically related to performance model structure and parameterization. Details of a design are unavailable early in the development process and therefore performance models must either account for the range of possibilities or be wrong. Increasing system complexity has compounded this uncertainty. In this work, we seek to understand how the reliability engineering literature has shifted over time. We exe cute a systematic literature review of 30,543 reliability engineering papers (covering roughly a third of the reliability papers indexed by Elsevier's Engineering Village. Topic modeling was performed on the abstracts of those papers to identify 279 topics. The hierarchical topic reduction resulted in the identification of eight top‐level method topics (prognostics, statistics, maintenance, quality control, management, physics of failure, modeling, and risk assessment) as well as three domain‐specific topics (nuclear, infrastructure, and software). We found that topics more associated with later phases in the development process (such as prognostics, maintenance, and quality control) have increased in popularity over time relative to other topics. We propose that this is a response to the challenges posed by model uncertainty and increasing complexity.
Do human capital development and innovation matter in sustaining economic development? Panel data evidence from selected developing economies
Authors: Agarwalla Megha , Sahu Tarak Nath
Published: May 2024

The study investigates the impact of human capital development and innovation on the economic development of 54 developing economies between the time frame 2000 and 2021. Human capital development is viewed here from the two viewpoints: health and education. Empirical results using the panel vector autoregressive model found that government health and education expenditure accelerates the economic progress while tertiary school enrollment impedes it in the short‐run. Innovation creates a favorable situation in the economy by means of the application of eco‐friendly technology. Moreover, unemployment surges and inflation dampens the developmental level. From panel causality test, feedback causality is found of economic development with the innovation and unemployment. Finally, impulse response function is employed for the robustness of the result. These empirical insights have a significant value in formulating policies that can encourage the innovation and prioritize the formation of human capital through the provision of education and healthcare facilities for enhancing the overall economic activities.
Idiographic bidirectional associations of stressfulness of events and negative affect in daily life as indicators for mental health: An experience sampling study
Authors: Kraiss Jannis T. , Vaessen Thomas , Klooster Peter M. ten
Published: May 2024

Evidence suggests that complex micro‐dynamics occurring in daily life underly the development of mental distress. We aimed to (1) study the cross‐lagged association between stressful events and negative affect (NA), (2) show that there is substantial between‐person variability in idiographic associations and (3) show that idiographic associations are indicative of mental health. Experience sampling study assessing perceived stressfulness of events (PSE) and NA four times per day for 2 weeks in a non‐clinical convenience sample (N = 70, mean age = 22.9, 61% female, 69% German). Bivariate vector autoregressive model implemented in dynamic structural equation modelling to model the associations between stressful events and NA and obtain idiographic associations. Stressfulness of events and NA were significantly reciprocally associated. Autocorrelations and cross‐lagged associations from PSE to NA showed substantial variability and were significantly related with trait measures of depression, anxiety, well‐being, and perceived stress. Contrary to expectations, cross‐lagged associations from NA to stressfulness of events were not related to trait mental health. The approach outlined in this article is useful for studying idiographic dynamics in daily life. The findings increase our understanding of micro‐dynamics underlying mental health and individual differences in these processes.
Advances In Borophene: Synthesis, Tunable Properties, and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph , Adekoya Oluwasegun Chijioke , Muloiwa Mpho , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Hamam Yskandar
Published: May 2024

Monolayer boron nanosheet, commonly known as borophene, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its unique structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the synthetic strategies, tunable properties, and prospective applications of borophene, specifically focusing on its potential in energy storage devices. The review begins by discussing the various synthesis techniques for borophene, including molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and chemical methods, such as ultrasonic exfoliation and thermal decomposition of boron‐containing precursors. The tunable properties of borophene, including its electronic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, are extensively reviewed, with discussions on its bandgap engineering, plasmonic behavior, and thermal conductivity. Moreover, the potential applications of borophene in energy storage devices, particularly as anode materials in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, along with its prospects in other energy storage systems, such as sodium‐oxygen batteries, are succinctly, discussed. Hence, this review provides valuable insights into the synthesis, properties, and applications of borophene, offering much‐desired guidance for further research and development in this promising area of nanomaterials science.
New insights into sodium phenylbutyrate as a pharmacotherapeutic option for neurological disorders
Authors: Juarez Daniel , Handal‐Silva Anabella , Morán‐Perales Jose Luis , Torres‐Cifuentes Diana M , Flores Gonzalo , Treviño Samuel , Moreno‐Rodriguez Albino , Guevara Jorge , Diaz Alfonso
Published: May 2024

Neurological disorders (NDs) are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems that affect more than one billion people worldwide. The risk of developing an ND increases with age due to the vulnerability of the different organs and systems to genetic, environmental, and social changes that consequently cause motor and cognitive deficits that disable the person from their daily activities and individual and social productivity. Intrinsic factors (genetic factors, age, gender) and extrinsic factors (addictions, infections, or lifestyle) favor the persistence of systemic inflammatory processes that contribute to the evolution of NDs. Neuroinflammation is recognized as a common etiopathogenic factor of ND. The study of new pharmacological options for the treatment of ND should focus on improving the characteristic symptoms and attacking specific molecular targets that allow the delay of damage processes such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cellular metabolic dysfunction, and deregulation of transcriptional processes. In this review, we describe the possible role of sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, hepatic encephalopathy, aging, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; in addition, we describe the mechanism of action of NaPB and its beneficial effects that have been shown in various in vivo and in vitro studies to delay the evolution of any ND.
Evolutionary computing to assemble standing genetic diversity and achieve long‐term genetic gain
Authors: Villiers Kira , Voss‐Fels Kai P. , Dinglasan Eric , Jacobs Bertus , Hickey Lee , Hayes Ben J.
Published: May 2024

Loss of genetic diversity in elite crop breeding pools can severely limit long‐term genetic gains and limit ability to make gains in new traits, like heat tolerance, that are becoming important as the climate changes. Here, we investigate and propose potential breeding program applications of optimal haplotype stacking (OHS), a selection method that retains useful diversity in the population. OHS selects sets of candidates containing, between them, haplotype segments with very high segment breeding values for the target trait. We compared the performance of OHS, a similar method called optimal population value (OPV), truncation selection on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs), and optimal contribution selection (OCS) in stochastic simulations of recurrent selection on founder wheat genotypes. After 100 generations of intercrossing and selection, OCS and truncation selection had exhausted the genetic diversity, while considerable diversity remained in the OHS population. Gain under OHS in these simulations ultimately exceeded that from truncation selection or OCS. OHS achieved faster gains when the population size was small, with many progeny per cross. A promising hybrid strategy, involving a single cycle of OHS in the first generation followed by recurrent truncation selection, substantially improved long‐term gain compared with truncation selection and performed similarly to OCS. The results of this study provide initial insights into where OHS could be incorporated into breeding programs.
Translanguaging with Digital, Collaborative Writing: Early Multilingual Composers
Authors: Pennington Victoria , Howell Emily , Kaminski Rebecca , Ferguson‐Sams Nicole , Gazioglu Mihaela , Mittapalli Kavita , Banerjee Amlan
Published: May 2024

Multilingual learners live in a digital world where they can access and create knowledge in multiple modes through digital tools. Yet, teachers are often not supported in harnessing these resources to capitalize on students' linguistic and cultural repertoires. The authors reflect on data from teachers indicating a need to support teachers as they engage students in digital composition with asset orientations, such as translanguaging. Translanguaging with digital, collaborative writing is presented as a strategy based on author insights from classroom teaching. This article addresses the demand for multilingual learner (ML) translingual compositions through digital, collaborative writing.
Storytelling in Multiple Modes: Using Student‐Created Book Trailers to Encourage Development of Visualization Skills
Authors: Crossley Jared S. , Liang Lauren Aimonette
Published: May 2024

This Teaching and Learning Guide explores the instructional method of student‐created book trailers including how this can be done, and some potential benefits this instructional practice can have on students' reading development, specifically by providing concrete instruction of the comprehension strategy of visualization.
Generation Z Gender Differences in Barriers to Engage in Entomophagy: Implications for the Tourism Industry
Authors: Gkitsas Stergios , Kamenidou Irene , Mamalis Spyridon , Mylona Ifigeneia , Pavlidis Stavros , Stavrianea Aikaterini
Published: May 2024

This study presents the results of a research addressing generation Z cohort’s barriers to practice entomophagy and also examines existing gender differences based on barriers to engage in entomophagy. The study used an online questionnaire that included 15 barriers adopted from literature. In a timeframe of approximately one month, 742 usable questionnaires were collected using a convenient and snowball sampling procedure. Analysis revealed that the three main barriers of entomophagy from this cohort are disgust, texture, and food safety concerns. The t-tests revealed that male and female subjects differ in what they consider as a barrier to entomophagy for six of the 15 barrier statements offered. Specifically, statistical differences were found between males and females of the generation Z cohort on the following barriers: disgust, unfamiliarity, food safety concerns, religion, high price, and “nothing prevents me”. Based on these outcomes, generation Z education and marketing communication strategies to increase consumer awareness of the benefits of entomophagy are discussed.
Higher Education Students’ Necessity to Be Educated About the Concept of Water Footprint
Authors: Gkitsas Stergios , Mamalis Spyridon , Kamenidou Irene Eirini
Published: May 2024

This research is part of a larger study and focuses on university students’ perceptions of five behaviors (conserving water at home, conserving water outdoors, using a gasoline-powered car, conserving electricity, and purchasing new clothes) in the context of their generated individual water footprint (WF). Using an online questionnaire and data collection with a non-probability sampling method, a total of 694 university students were recruited and their responses were analyzed. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages, mean scores (MS), hierarchical, and K-means cluster analyses, for a first-level segmentation approach. The results of this study are preliminary results of a larger study. They show that university students (on a 7-point Likert-type scale), perceive that all five actions neither increase nor decrease their WF.  Students perceive that using a gasoline-powered car leads to the highest personal WF (MS = 4.44). The segmentation analysis resulted in a two-group solution, the “Overly sensitive” (N = 313), and the “Somewhat knowledgeable” (N = 381). Results suggest that most participants are unaware of the impact of basic behaviors on a person’s WF. These findings propose that sustainability education for university students and younger generations needs to be improved and that policymakers need to fully incorporate sustainability and environmental education issues into university and school curricula. In addition, there is a need for intensive social marketing campaigns through various channels involving university students.
Exploring the Limits of Cultural Tourism: The Convergence of Applied and Visual Arts as an Educational Tool for Activating Inactive Sites of Cultural Interest
Authors: Loukia Martha , Vounatsou Myrsini
Published: May 2024

Cities are living, complex organisms that change and at the same time project history and culture as a constitutive element of their identity. Each city’s unique spatial, social, and cultural identity is inextricably linked to the artistic expressions, customs, history, and every spatial activity that is part of the urban space that functions as an active, experiential place. This paper explores the convergence of applied and visual arts as an educational tool to unlock the potential of abandoned sites in the urban fabric and promote a deeper connection between tourism and cultural heritage. The article will be a useful educational tool capable of helping to develop abandoned areas, through the prism of art and for the benefit of cultural tourism.