bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease activity and lifestyle influence comorbidities and cardiovascular events in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Sardella Chiara , Cappellani Daniele , Urbani Claudio , Manetti Luca , Marconcini Giulia , Tomisti Luca , Lupi Isabella , Rossi Giuseppe , Scattina Ilaria , Lombardi Martina , Di Bello Vitantonio , Marcocci Claudio , Martino Enio , Bogazzi Fausto
Published: August 2016

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to identify the predictors of comorbidities and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) that can develop after diagnosis of acromegaly. The role of therapy for acromegaly in the event of such complications was also evaluated.

Design and methods

Retrospective cohort study was conducted on 200 consecutive acromegalic patients in a tertiary referral center. The following outcomes were evaluated: diabetes, hypertension and MACE. Each patient was included in the analysis of a specific outcome, unless they were affected when acromegaly was diagnosed, and further classified as follows: (i) in remission after adenomectomy (Hx), (ii) controlled by somatostatin analogues (SSA) (SSAc) or (iii) not controlled by SSA (SSAnc). Data were evaluated using Cox regression analysis.

Results

After diagnosis of acromegaly, diabetes occurred in 40.8% of patients. The SSAnc group had a three-fold higher risk of diabetes (HR: 3.32, P = 0.006), whereas the SSAc group had a 1.4-fold higher risk of diabetes (HR: 1.43, P = 0.38) compared with the Hx group. Hypertension occurred in 35.5% of patients, after diagnosis. The determinants of hypertension were age (HR: 1.06, P = 0.01) and BMI (HR: 1.05, P = 0.01). MACE occurred in 11.8% of patients, after diagnosis. Age (HR: 1.09, P = 0.005) and smoking habit (HR: 5.95, P = 0.01) were predictors of MACE. Conversely, therapy for acromegaly did not influence hypertension or MACE.

Conclusion

After diagnosis of acromegaly, control of the disease (irrespective of the type of treatment) and lifestyle are predictors of comorbidities and major adverse cardiovascular events.
Androgen receptor signaling pathways as a target for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Pietri Elisabetta , Conteduca Vincenza , Andreis Daniele , Massa Ilaria , Melegari Elisabetta , Sarti Samanta , Cecconetto Lorenzo , Schirone Alessio , Bravaccini Sara , Serra Patrizia , Fedeli Anna , Maltoni Roberta , Amadori Dino , De Giorgi Ugo , Rocca Andrea
Published: August 2016

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, and its effects on breast range from physiological pubertal development and age-related modifications to cancer onset and proliferation. The prevalence of AR in early breast cancer is around 60%, and AR is more frequently expressed in ER-positive than in ER-negative tumors. We offer an overview of AR signaling pathways in different breast cancer subtypes, providing evidence that its oncogenic role is likely to be different in distinct biological and clinical scenarios. In particular, in ER-positive breast cancer, AR signaling often antagonizes the growth stimulatory effect of ER signaling; in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), AR seems to drive tumor progression (at least in luminal AR subtype of TNBC with a gene expression profile mimicking luminal subtypes despite being negative to ER and enriched in AR expression); in HER2-positive breast cancer, in the absence of ER expression, AR signaling has a proliferative role. These data represent the rationale for AR-targeting treatment as a potentially new target therapy in breast cancer subset using androgen agonists in some AR-positive/ER-positive tumors, AR antagonists in triple-negative/AR-positive tumors and in combination with anti-HER2 agents or with other signaling pathways inhibitors (including PI3K/MYC/ERK) in HER2-positive/AR-positive tumors. Only the ongoing and future prospective clinical trials will allow us to establish which agents are the best option in every specific condition, keeping in mind that there is evidence of opposite androgens and AR agonist/antagonist drug effects on cell proliferation particularly in AR-positive/ER-positive tumors.
TERT promoter mutations and long-term survival in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Kim Young-Eun , Ahn Soomin , Kim Ji-Youn , Ki Chang-Seok , Oh Young Lyun , Kim Kyunga , Yun Jae Won , Park Woong-Yang , Choe Jun-Ho , Kim Jung-Han , Kim Jee Soo , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon
Published: August 2016

TERT promoter mutations are emerging prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancers and are found in highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Our aim is to investigate the prognostic value of these mutations for the outcome of thyroid cancer-related mortality in a large cohort of thyroid cancer patients. This was a retrospective study of 409 patients (393 with differentiated thyroid cancer) with a median age of 44 years (range 16–81 years) and median follow-up of 13 years (interquartile range 11–16 years). Analyses of associations between mutational status and various clinicopathological variables were performed. TERT promoter mutations were identified in 32 (9.8%) papillary, 11 (16.7%) follicular and seven (43.8%) poorly differentiated/anaplastic thyroid cancer patients. The presence of TERT promoter mutations was associated with factors such as increased age (P < 0.001), extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.01), increased stage at diagnosis (P < 0.001) and dedifferentiated histological type (P = 0.001). A TERT promoter mutation was independently associated with poorer overall survival in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (10-year survival rate, 66.2% vs 98.3% for wild type; adjusted HR, 7.18; 95% CI: 2.77–18.59) and in patients with papillary cancer (74.2% vs 99.3%; 14.20; 3.03–66.68). Concomitant TERT and BRAF mutations worsened the survival rate of patients with papillary cancer (82.6% vs 99.4% for exclusively BRAF mutation alone; 5.62; 1.85–17.09). In conclusion, the presence of TERT promoter mutations is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The results suggest that inclusion of TERT promoter mutation analysis with conventional clinicopathological evaluation can lead to better prognostication and management for individual patients.
Modifiers of breast and ovarian cancer risks for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
Authors: Milne Roger L , Antoniou Antonis C
Published: August 2016

Pathogenic mutations inBRCA1andBRCA2are associated with high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. However, penetrance estimates for mutation carriers have been found to vary substantially between studies, and the observed differences in risk are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic and environmental factors modify cancer risks for women with these mutations. Direct evidence that this is the case has emerged in the past decade, through large-scale international collaborative efforts. Here, we describe the methodological challenges in the identification and characterisation of these risk-modifying factors, review the latest evidence on genetic and lifestyle/hormonal risk factors that modify breast and ovarian cancer risks for women withBRCA1andBRCA2mutations and outline the implications of these findings for cancer risk prediction. We also review the unresolved issues in this area of research and identify strategies of clinical implementation so that women withBRCA1andBRCA2mutations are no longer counselled on the basis of ‘average’ risk estimates.
Statistical Methods for Testing Genetic Pleiotropy
Authors: Schaid Daniel J , Tong Xingwei , Larrabee Beth , Kennedy Richard B , Poland Gregory A , Sinnwell Jason P
Published: August 2016

Genetic pleiotropy is when a single gene influences more than one trait. Detecting pleiotropy and understanding its causes can improve the biological understanding of a gene in multiple ways, yet current multivariate methods to evaluate pleiotropy test the null hypothesis that none of the traits are associated with a variant; departures from the null could be driven by just one associated trait. A formal test of pleiotropy should assume a null hypothesis that one or no traits are associated with a genetic variant. For the special case of two traits, one can construct this null hypothesis based on the intersection-union (IU) test, which rejects the null hypothesis only if the null hypotheses of no association for both traits are rejected. To allow for more than two traits, we developed a new likelihood-ratio test for pleiotropy. We then extended the testing framework to a sequential approach to test the null hypothesis that k+1 traits are associated, given that the null of k traits are associated was rejected. This provides a formal testing framework to determine the number of traits associated with a genetic variant, while accounting for correlations among the traits. By simulations, we illustrate the type I error rate and power of our new methods; describe how they are influenced by sample size, the number of traits, and the trait correlations; and apply the new methods to multivariate immune phenotypes in response to smallpox vaccination. Our new approach provides a quantitative assessment of pleiotropy, enhancing current analytic practice.
Teacher Education Versus Teacher Training
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda
Published: August 2016

The teacher occupies a special place in the history of any nation or the whole humankind because s/he educates and develops creators of the future. Therefore, it is necessary to understand fundamental concepts because their definition is a significant factor in the development of science and, to a big extent, predetermines the efficiency of problem solutions. This is particularly important for educational sciences, which imply human spiritual powers that exceed the cause-effect relationship.

The category of ugdymas (education) was introduced by S. Šalkauskis during the period of the Independent Lithuania, and its content compares to upbringing in its broad sense in other languages. Such approach is also supported by other scientists (Laužikas, Maceina), who expanded the concept of education: the borders of this complex phenomena were defined, the genesis that complies with the human nature was revealed, the functions of education, based on inborn powers, were highlighted, the most important features of education were singled out and interweaving of activities of the educator and the educatee was shown.

Only during the last decade of the soviet occupation a return to the category of education was observed again, whereas its fundamental extension was ensured after the Restoration of Lithuania’s Independence, when its boundaries (complying with the paradigm of liberal education, which is grounded on the spiritual origin of a human being and provides sense to the upbringing function in a contemporary manner) were determined at all levels (those of educational policy, theory, methodology). Having adopted The Thesaurus for Education Systems in Europe, the problems emerged as the main functions of education were eliminated from the active usage despite their huge significance defining the place of the teacher in the process of education.

Since ancient times the activities of the teacher have been identified with his/her upbringing powers, which link with the maturity of teacher’s personality, as the most important and authentic instrument of education. It directly influences (evokes, elevates and encourages) the spread of the educatee’s personality and simultaneously ensures highest achievements in his/her cognitive activities (knowledge, abilities, skills). Moreover, rapid development of technologies leads to an increasing importance of personal qualities of employees that enable the control and change of their own powers.

The fact that the exceptionality of the teacher is predetermined by his or her spiritual values is not even questioned. Therefore, their spread should comprise the core of pedagogical studies, whereas the study process should become education, which empowers preparation to teach others.
Preconditions for “Happiness School” Development: the Role of School and Family
Authors: Merkys Gediminas , Bubelienė Daiva
Published: August 2016

This article attempts to justify empirical criteria, which enables how to recognize “Happiness School”, as well as the factors that determine the school’s identity formation. The empirical base: senior students (N = 1 078), 26 Lithuanian schools and social survey results. The sample represents urban/rural schools, as well as cultural differences of schools’. The study of variable structure is abundant, multi-conceptual. Out of the 67 primary items, 16 scales with high psychometric quality were formed. Triangulating various Cluster Analysis methods for classifying students and schools, from 3 ranges of estimates, a group variable was formed: “Happiness School” versus “Happiness School antipode”. Analysis was used to see how the remaining scales (different independent variables, school culture and family factors) separate (discriminate) the said contrast groups. It turned out that all of the variables, that are part of the discriminant analysis model, differentiate contrast groups very well. The following independent variables (factors) are described in their values, separating contrast groups in a relative weakening of order: dissatisfaction with the teachers; lack of socio-educational control within the school; principled response to complaints, maladies; staff and teachers indifference; parental indifference to child’s problems, moralising, clear rules, the ability to maintain order in the school and etc.
Collaboration of the Family and the School in Prevention of Adolescent Delinquent Behaviour
Authors: Žygaitienė Birutė , Veličkienė Jolanta
Published: August 2016

The aim of the research was to identify ways of support provided by the school to the family implementing prevention of adolescent delinquent behaviour. The research was carried out in general education institutions in 2014. The sample of the research included 321 adolescents, 150 parents, 62 teachers and 5 social pedagogues. The obtained empirical research data were processed using statistical, graphical and correlation analysis.

The research revealed that the most frequent manifestations of adolescent delinquent behaviour are related to run around and use of swear words, absenteeism and refusal to prepare homework. The majority of parents and teachers allocate the most considerable attention to individual collaboration forms, which make better understanding of the family possible. Such forms embrace parents’ meetings, telephone and individual conversations, joint events, trips, seminars and projects. About half of the parents and teachers in the survey pointed out that they communicate via telephone, exchange SMSs and e-mails. Ongoing collaboration occurs on the electronic school gradebook. The acquired data also revealed that attending adolescent’s home and individual conversations are among the most efficient forms for prevention of delinquent behaviour. Assurance of school attendance is considered to be one of the most significant factors. The majority of adolescents are sure that assurance of school learners’ safety at school is of importance. Close collaboration between the family and the school as well as active involvement of parents into adolescents’ life both at home and at school are seen as relevant factors.
An Innovative Collaborative Treatment Model: The Community-Based Speech-Language Pathologist and Cleft Palate Team
Authors: Grames Lynn Marty , Stahl Mary Blount
Published: August 2016

Problem

Children with cleft-related articulation disorders receive ineffectual or inappropriate speech therapy locally due to lack of training and a disconnect between the team and local speech-language pathologists.

Solution

A collaborative care program that is billable for the team allows the local speech-language pathologist to earn continuing education units and facilitates effective local speech therapy. This program is the first of its kind, according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Continuing Education Board for Speech Pathology.
Wheat, Field Pea, and Canola Response to Glyphosate and AMPA Soil Residues
Authors: Blackshaw Robert E. , Harker K. Neil
Published: August 2016

The tripling of glyphosate use in the Canadian prairies during the past decade has raised concerns over the possible accumulation of glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA in soil over time and whether there could be any detrimental effects on crop production. A controlled environment study was conducted at two locations in Alberta, Canada, to determine glyphosate and AMPA soil concentrations that would injure wheat, field pea, and canola. Treatments included glyphosate acid or AMPA applied at 0, 10, 25, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg−1soil. Shoot and root biomass determinations 8 wk after emergence (WAE) indicated that shoot and root biomass of all crops progressively declined with increasing soil concentrations of glyphosate at both locations. In contrast, AMPA reduced crop shoot and root biomass at only one of two sites. Estimated soil concentrations of glyphosate causing 20% reductions in shoot and root biomass ranged from 80 to 190, 90 to 350, and 120 to 320 mg kg−1for field pea, canola, and wheat, respectively. Soil concentrations of AMPA causing 20% crop biomass reductions ranged from 40 to 70, 20 to 30, and 80 to 120 mg kg−1for field pea, canola, and wheat, respectively. Although substantial crop injury occurred in this study, it must be noted that these rates are very high in terms of field application rates that would be required to achieve these soil concentrations. Doses causing crop injury would convert to estimated glyphosate field rates ranging from 17.6 to 77 kg ha−1. Overall results indicate that even with frequent high-dose glyphosate applications over several years, the likelihood of wheat, field pea, and canola injury from soil residues is low. Nevertheless, there may be merit in greater monitoring of glyphosate and AMPA soil residues in cropping systems with high glyphosate utilization over a long time period.
Zero roadworker harm: ethical and legal challenges
Authors: Burbridge Andrew , Troutbeck Rod
Published: August 2016

Governments are required to make difficult decisions, requiring policymakers to strike a balance between equity for individuals and the collective good. Specifically with regard to road safety at roadworks, policymakers must find an acceptable balance between cost, mobility and the safety of both road users and workers. Discussion of the ethical and legislative challenges associated with finding such a balance is largely absent from the Australian road safety context. By means of review and reflection relating to literature, policy and legislation, this paper explores aspects of governmental intervention and management of risk through the general lens of road safety ethics and regulation of the road network. More specifically, this paper presents a discussion of the ethical, legislative and economic challenges confronting practitioners required to select positive protection for roadside work zones in Queensland, Australia. The ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ principle is explored for consistency both with legislation governing the management of road infrastructure and with governmental commitments to achieve zero harm. This paper concludes that disconnects exist between requirements for practitioners to manage the road efficiently and requirements for practitioners to provide a workplace that is ‘safe’.
Sectoral Dynamics and Business Cycles
Authors: Tase Manjola
Published: August 2016

I construct an index of sectoral dynamics to characterize changes in the sectoral composition of economic activity. There is evidence of asymmetry in different phases of business cycles with recessions being associated with larger changes in sectoral composition than expansions. I find that the correlation between dynamics in sectoral employment and aggregate output has weakened since the 1990s. Also, sectoral changes appear to be smaller and spread across more sectors, while their contribution to aggregate volatility has been increasing. I also perform a simulation exercise and replicate these documented facts. The results suggest that shifts in the sectoral composition of the economy likely contribute to the formation of business cycles. Also the duration of recessions implied by the impulse response functions from a VAR model of sectoral dynamics and aggregate output growth matches the duration of recessions observed in the data.
Fotografia e Imaginário Social: explorações sobre tendências do “estado de espírito” da sociedade contemporânea nas mídias sociais
Authors: Cunha Magali Do Nascimento , Figueiredo Mariana Soares
Published: August 2016

Este estudo busca compreender o momento atual da fotografia, bem como sua tendência de aproximação do cotidiano. Especial atenção é voltada para a relação com o imaginário contemporâneo e o lugar da fotografia na criação de realidades, imposição de significados e transmissão de valores. Como parte do processo de elaboração desta reflexão, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória com base em amostra de fotografias veiculadas no Instagram a partir de três palavras-chave (hashtags) de ampla incidência e sua relação com a vida cotidiana.
Escapes da retórica da objetividade nas fotografias do jornal Zero Hora
Authors: Lohmann Renata , Martins Portanova Barros Ana Taís
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar a questão da objetividade no fotojornalismo. Para tal, faz um estudo de como se dão os escapes da retórica da objetividade nas fotografias publicadas no jornal Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre, apresentando uma série de imagens publicadas pelo jornal no ano de 2011. Apresenta conceitos de diversos autores como Roland Barthes, Arlindo Machado, Jacques Aumont e Philippe Dubois para averiguar o que seriam possíveis indicadores de conotação na fotografia.
Interfaces da Memória Social na Cultura Digital: análise do compartilhamento do conjunto de imagens digitais do Acervo Digital Bar Ocidente no Facebook
Authors: Igansi Nunes João Fernando , Chagas Oliveira Priscila
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta as características do paradigma tecnológico contemporâneo da cultura digital. A partir das contribuições de Lévy (1993), Santaella (2003) e Manovich (1997) reflete sobre os impactos do surgimento das tecnologias intelectuais computacionais e suas interfaces na construção da memória social. Analisa a fanpage do Acervo Digital Bar Ocidente no Facebook e conclui que a interface humano-máquina forma o sujeito da virtualidade, cíbrido e conectado no ciberespaço, novo “lugar” das memórias da humanidade.
Vendem-se conselhos: poder pastoral, mídia e maternidade
Authors: Tomaz Renata Oliveira
Published: August 2016

A construção da maternidade contemporânea se desloca cada vez mais das relações tradicionais para aquelas de caráter especializado. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a mídia pode ser pensada como poder pastoral (FOUCAULT, 1988, 2008), na medida em que se propõe a orientar as mães por meio dos conselhos de especialistas. Para pensar tal fenômeno, esse artigo traz uma análise dos textos de apresentação de produtos midiáticos sobre criação de filhos, no Brasil contemporâneo.
Entrevista: César Bolaño
Authors: Felippi Ângela , Oliveira Vanessa Costa de , Hoss Lídia Schwantes
Published: August 2016

Pioneiro dos estudos da Economia Política da Comunicação no Brasil, César Bolaño tem uma trajetória acadêmica curiosa. Formado em Comunicação Social com habilitação em Jornalismo na USP, em 1979, optou pela pós-graduação em Economia, na UNICAMP, recebendo o título de Mestre em 1986 e o de Doutor em 1993. Apesar dessa formação, nunca abandonou a pesquisa em Comunicação, pelo contrário, atribui à sua formação em Economia os subsídios necessários para a formulação da concepção de Economia Política da Comunicação. Atualmente professor na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Bolaño concedeu essa entrevista para Rizoma e respondeu questões sobre a EPC e suas pesquisas mais recentes.
Do que as séries americanas são sintoma?
Authors: Giacomini Jair
Published: August 2016

Resenha de livro de François Jost.
Ordenar el universo de los signos. Bandos, pregones y espacio urbano en España y América durante la Edad Moderna
Authors: Castro Rojas Isabel
Published: August 2016

La Historia de la Cultura Escrita se preocupa por conocer los usos, significados y apropiaciones de lo escrito en un sentido cada vez más amplio. Bandos, edictos y otros documentos de carácter dispositivo, aunque muy conocidos, no han sido objeto de estudios sistemáticos desde los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de esta disciplina. Materiales menores, pero también efímeros, que, desde el punto de vista de su tipología, los lugares por los que circularon y su presencia en el espacio público, permiten su inclusión dentro de las llamadas “escrituras expuestas”, término acuñado por Armando Petrucci en su obra La scrittura: ideologia e rappresentazione (1986) de cuyo impulso y recuperación se encarga actualmente el profesor Antonio Castillo Gómez. La importancia de los bandos y pregones durante el periodo colonial ha sido puesta de manifiesto en numerosos estudios, aunque muchos de ellos lo han hecho desde otros enfoques, centrándose primordialmente en el contenido y en los diferentes aspectos que regulaban. Sin embargo, desde esta disciplina pretendemos analizar, además, las diferentes tipologías y discursos; así como los aspectos de la circulación, tanto oral como escrita; y los mediadores y recepción de los mismos. En esta línea, este trabajo plantea un primer acercamiento entre los mundos hispano y americano, analizando los diferentes resultados y controversias surgidas hasta este momento, desde un enfoque trasnacional y estableciendo una propuesta de diálogo y metodología común.
Brasil e Portugal no Antigo Regime: a correspondência pessoal como veículo da cultura iluminista (1808-1817) - uma abordagem a partir do arquivo pessoal do Conde da Barca
Authors: Rodrigues Abel , Munhoz Renata
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho pretende abordar a correspondência dita particular, entendida como a documentação trocada no nível pessoal e sem a tramitação burocrática. Essa correspondência será analisada como veículo de transmissão das ideias, contextualizadas no ideário iluminista e compreendidas como elemento determinante para o progresso material e civilizacional no crepúsculo do Antigo Regime, entre Portugal e Brasil. A partir do Arquivo do Conde da Barca, António de Araújo de Azevedo (1754-1817), Diplomata e Ministro, em Portugal e no Brasil, outrora viajante pela Europa ilustrada, tentamos reconstruir as redes de sociabilidade que contribuíram para o avanço do conhecimento e modernização do Estado.
Procedimentos de retextualização para o disfarce da cópia no século XVIII: o caso da Memória Histórica da Capitania de São Paulo
Authors: Costa Renata Ferreira
Published: August 2016

No início do século XX, levantou-se uma problemática em torno da obra manuscrita Memória História da Capitania de São Paulo (1796), de Manuel Cardoso de Abreu, acusada de ser um plágio de obras dos historiadores setecentistas Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme – História da Capitania de São Vicente; Notícia Histórica da Expulsão dos Jesuítas do Colégio de São Paulo e Nobiliarquia Paulistana: Histórica e Genealógica – e Frei Gaspar da Madre de Deus – Memórias para a História da Capitania de São Vicente. No entanto, a referência ao plágio no século XVIII é anacrônica, uma vez que a sua prática se configura como uma violação do direito de autor, em sentido estrito de roubo de um texto, somente na primeira metade do século XIX, a partir da formalização dos Direitos Autorais. O confronto dos textos permitiu verificar uma reprodução integral de muitos trechos e parágrafos, mas a Memória Histórica não se configura como sua cópia literal de suas fontes, uma vez que Manuel Cardoso de Abreu inseriu uma série de alterações nos textos que lhe serviram de modelo, dando origem a um novo texto. Isso revela que o aproveitamento das fontes não foi feito sempre por um mero decalque, mas que a intervenção de Abreu foi muitas vezes voluntária e acabou por deixar a sua marca no texto.Desta forma, fundamentando-se nos princípios teóricos e metodológicos da Crítica de Fontes e da Crítica Textual, este trabalho objetiva apresentar os procedimentos de retextualização das fontes de que se valeu Manuel Cardoso de Abreu para a composição de seu texto, com o propósito de disfarce da cópia, os quais incluem a adição ou supressão de elementos linguísticos ou informações textuais, a reordenação da ordem de palavras e orações, a substituição de palavras ou construções gramaticais e a reelaboração de frases, trechos ou parágrafos. 
Edição filológica e digital do Livro do Gado e do Livro de Razão do arquivo do Sobrado do Brejo (Bahia setecentista e oitocentista)
Authors: Lacerda Mariana Fagundes de Oliveira , Carneiro Zenaide De Oliveira Novais
Published: August 2016

Neste trabalho, aborda-se uma documentação de foro privado, o Livro do Gado e o Livro de Razão do Brejo do Campo Seco, no sertão da Bahia, com 57 e 195 folhas, respectivamente, escritos por três gerações, do último quartel do século XVIII ao terceiro quartel do século XIX. São documentos importantes para a história do português brasileiro, de forma particular para a história de penetração e difusão da escrita na Bahia. A edição semidiplomática e edição digital que se pretende realizar desses textos – cujas metodologias estão aqui descritas – atendem a uma das agendas do Projeto Nacional Para uma História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB), que vem divulgando corpora manuscritos e impressos de períodos pretéritos, para estudo da história do português culto e do português popular do Brasil. Essas edições servirão não apenas a pesquisadores interessados em aspectos linguísticos, da difusão da escrita, da leitura, das transmissões textuais, mas em aspectos históricos, políticos, econômico-sociais, entre outros. 
Paleografia versus Alfabetização. Reflexões sobre História Social da Cultura Escrita
Authors: Castillo Gómez Antonio , Sáez Carlos
Published: August 2016

Tradução ao português do texto "Paleografía versus Alfabetización. Reflexiones sobre Historia Social de la Cultura Escrita", originalmente em espanhol, elaborada por Leonardo Lennertz Marcotulio e Adriana Angelita da Conceição.
The Deadlock Principle as a Ground for the Just and Equitable Winding Up of a Solvent Company: Thunder Cats Investments 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting Investment (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA)
Authors: Maloka Tumo Charles , Muthugulu-Ugoda Shandukani
Published: August 2016

The question addressed by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Thunder Cats Investment 92 (Pty) Ltd v Nkonjane Economic Prospecting & Investments (Pty) Ltd 2014 5 SA 1 (SCA) (hereafter the "Thunder Cats") provides much-needed guidance on the deadlock principle as well as the breadth and scope of the "just and equitable ground for winding up in terms of s 81(1)(d) (iii) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. The facts, the issues and the contextual authority of Thunder Cats also bring to fore the lacuna in the just and equitable winding up provisions of the current Companies Act which lacuna has so far received no judicial or academic consideration. This Note contends the fact that the just and equitable winding up provisions do not countenance any deviation from the statutory prescriptions once the factual grounds for just and equitable winding up have been established is not in consonance with the spirit, purport and objects of Companies Act, and, in particular those of Chapter Six of the Act which have introduced the innovative business rescue scheme into South African corporate law landscape. The facts, the issues and the contextual authority of Thunder Cats will be reviewed at length in the ensuing discussion.
Using argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Cherkasov D M , Cherkasov M F , Starcev Y M , Skuratov A V , Melikova S G
Published: August 2016

Aim. To improve the treatment results of patients with Barrett’s esophagus by using videoendosurgical technologies and the application of argon plasma coagulation.Methods. Treatment results of 16 patients with Barrett’s esophagus who underwent endoscopic argon plasma coagulation of esophageal epithelium metaplasia foci are presented. Endoscopic studies protocols were based on the Prague criteria - the maximum extent of the flames (M) and the maximum extent of the circular segment of Barrett’s esophagus (C). Long segment Barrett’s esophagus prevailed in the majority of patients. Argon plasma coagulation was performed in FORCED mode (power of 30-32 watts with an argon flow of 2-2.2 L/min). For 1 session coagulation of the affected area of no more than 4 cm2 was performed.Results. In the immediate postoperative period, complications of treatment were not observed. In 12 patients course of treatment with argon plasma coagulation was fully completed, repeated courses were administered depending on the segment length (1 patient required 1 session, 3 patients - 2 sessions, 2 - 3 sessions, 4 patients - 4 sessions, 2 patients - 5 sessions). Manipulation duration was about 5-7 minutes. In these patients, there was complete regression of metaplastic epithelium with its replacement by typical stratified squamous epithelium. 4 patients continue treatment.Conclusion. Surgical treatment is indicated to all patients with Barrett’s esophagus, in the postoperative period - the use of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation, which should be performed in stages with 1-1.5 month intervals with obligatory endoscopic and histological control.
Lateral differences of breast cancer proliferative activity (KI-67)
Authors: Dmitrenko A P
Published: August 2016

Aim. To determine lateral differences of breast cancer proliferative activity Ki-67.Methods. According to immunohistochemical study protocols analysis of material of 500 patients with breast cancer was conducted. In primary tumors estrogen and progesterone receptors expression, Ki-67, C-erbB-2 was studied.Results.Using two-way analysis of variance, it was found that Ki-67 index was significantly influenced by both side of the tumor lesion (p=0.009) and age of patients (p=0.0002). A higher Ki-67 corresponded to right-sided cancer localization. Statistically significant age differences of Ki-67 index are marked only in right-sided cancer (pConclusion. Statistically significant difference of Ki-67 index in right- and left-sided breast cancer was found, significantly higher Ki-67 was detected in the right-sided tumors, Ki-67 are present only in patients before 60 years.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hyperandrogenism in women on the background of hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Akhundova N E
Published: August 2016

Aim. To determine the clinical and diagnostic features of hyperandrogenism on the background of hyperprolactinemia.Methods. 68 women with hyperandrogenism on the background of hyperprolactinemia were examined. The study included defining features of menstrual function, assessment of hair growth according to Ferriman-Gallwey score, determining the frequency of past somatic and gynecological diseases, anthropometric indicators before and after the combination pathogenetic therapy, study of hormone levels.Results. In women with hyperandrogenism, rate of isolated form of hyperprolactinemia was 39.7%, combined form - 60.3%. The causes of the «pure» form of hyperandrogenism in 51.85% is a idiopathic form of hyperprolactinemia, in 25.9% - the intracellular pituitary microadenoma, in 14.81% - drug-induced form of hyperprolactinemia, in 4.7% - «empty» sella syndrome. In combined form of hyperprolactinemia in 29.3% of patients, polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance is determined, in 17% - polycystic ovary syndrome without insulin resistance, in 17% - obesity, in 14.63% - primary hypothyroidism. Patients underwent pathogenetic therapy, which was chosen individually depending on the type of hyperprolactinemia, and the presence of underlying diseases.Conclusion. In combined form of hyperprolactinemia the most frequent types of comorbidity are polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, the most common form of «pure» hyperprolactinemia is idiopathic form; pathogenetic therapy significantly reduces prolactin and androgens values, improves basic anthropometric indicators of patients.
Anthropometric features of physical development of modern metropolis schoolchildren
Authors: Gavryushin M Yu , Berezin I I , Sazonova O V
Published: August 2016

Aim. To define characteristics of growth and development of children and adolescents of school age in the city of Samara.Methods. Measurements of anthropometric parameters of 2617 children aged 7-17 years, of which 1397 children studied in general educational institutions of Samara, 1220 schoolchildren - in the regional centers of the Samara region, were performed. The obtained values of anthropometric parameters of physical development of schoolchildren in Samara were compared with the study results of the appropriate age and sex groups of children and adolescents living in the Samara region.Results. Children of the regional capital and district centers come to school with virtually the same anthropometric parameters. Due to the inhomogeneous influence of conditions and nature of education, nutrition, motor activity indicators of physical development in the educative process acquire significant differences. The height of the city of Samara boys aged 7-15 years is lower than height of peers living in the Samara region (p ˂0.01). Body weight in girls to 9 years, and in boys since 7 years of age is less than in their peers who live in the district centers of the Samara region (p ˂0.05). The chest circumference of the Samara schoolchildren is significantly less than that of their peers of the Samara region in the age groups of 7-14 years in boys and 8-14 years in girls. Waist circumference of Samara boys in the age groups of 7-11 and 13 years and in girls aged 10-14 years is significantly less than that of the Samara region children. Hip circumference of the Samara schoolchildren in junior (7-10 years) and middle (11-14 years) school grades is less than in children of Samara region (p ˂0.05).Conclusion. Revealed differences in anthropometric parameters of children of the city of Samara and Samara region demonstrate the need to develop regional standards to evaluate the physical development of children and adolescents of big cities and rural areas.
Preeclampsia - abdominal hypertension syndrome in pregnancy. whether a hypothesis will become a theory?
Authors: Marshalov D V , Shifman E M , Salov I A , Petrenko A P
Published: August 2016

Based on the analysis of literature and their own data the authors presented modern aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia from the perspective of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome. The data are collected from a large representative sample of 647 patients at various stages of gestation. It was shown that elevated levels of intra-abdominal pressure at 20-24 weeks of pregnancy in some cases preceded the development of preeclampsia. The level of intra-abdominal pressure, preceding the development of preeclampsia in pregnant women with obesity, was significantly higher than that of normal-weight patients (p <0.001). Along with the level of intra-abdominal pressure, the rate of its increase plays an important role in the preeclampsia development, with a greater degree than the absolute value of the intra-abdominal pressure. Pregnant women with a rapid and substantial increase in intra-abdominal pressure (more than 4 mm Hg for 2 weeks of gestation) are more likely to have complications of pregnancy than patients with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure less then 2 mm Hg in a given time interval (p <0.001), while the higher the increase in intra-abdominal pressure, at the earlier stages complication develops. The article also provides information about the dynamics of intra-abdominal pressure during pregnancy, relationships of intra-abdominal hypertension with parameters of utero-placental blood flow, renal hemodynamics, intestinal perfusion and permeability, level of endotoxemia in pregnant women. Based on the results of their own investigations, the authors suggest a model of preeclampsia development as a consequence of intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome.
Experience of treatment of purulent wounds using ozonated solutions and decamethoxin solution
Authors: Musaev A I , Kenzhekulov K K
Published: August 2016

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using ozonated solutions combined with decamethoxin solution in the treatment of purulent wounds.Methods. 101 patients with purulent wounds were under observation. In the treatment of all patients, the first stage was surgical debridement, which removes exudate and non-viable tissue. Also the conditions for wound drainage and good drainage of wound exudate were created, and then the treatment of wounds under a bandage was performed. In the main group (51 people) in addition to the basic treatment ozonated 0.9% sodium chloride solution with a concentration of ozone 8-10 μg/mL and 0.02% decamethoxin solution were used. The general condition of patients and the wound condition were evaluated over time.Results. The duration of fever and pain syndrome did not differ in the groups. A statistically significant difference between groups in the terms of symptoms disappearance and wounds healing was found, indicating the advantages of using the decamethoxin solution in combination with ozonated 0.9% sodium chloride solution in treatment of purulent wounds. The length of stay in hospital statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group. Positive dynamics was observed on the wounds cytology: starting from 3 days of treatment in the main group neutrophil count decreased, number of lymphocytes and polyblasts increased. With the increase in terms from the beginning of the treatment, there was even greater reduction in the number of neutrophils, the increase in the number of lymphocytes and the appearance of macrophages and fibroblasts.Conclusion. The study results demonstrated the benefits of using combination of ozonated solutions with decametoxine solution in the treatment of purulent wounds; method is available to any surgical wards and outpatient clinics.
Textural characteristics of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Kabalyk M A
Published: August 2016

Aim. To assess the relationship between textural characteristics of the subchondral bone and standard X-ray data, to determine markers of subchondral bone remodeling in gonarthrosis.Methods. The studied group included 92 patients aged 66.1±10.5 years with I-IV grades osteoarthritis by the Kellgren, in the comparison group - 24 volunteers aged 29.6±5.96 years without clinical or radiological signs of gonarthrosis. Standard digital X-ray of the knee joint was performed. On the image, the area of interest was chosen, including a portion of the subchondral bone of 48±2×90±4 pixels of size. According to the area texture, the gray-level histogram and 3D graph of the pixels intensity distribution in area were made.Results. The distribution of individual pixel values relating to the average gray-level values showed an inverse correlation with the disease stage (r=-0.52, p=0.00004) and the presence of large osteophytes (r=-0.40, p=0.002). Extremum of 3D histogram minimum value directly correlated with radiographic stage of gonarthrosis (r=0.42, p=0.0009), patients’ age (r=0.33, p=0.01) and the osteophytes number (r=0.43, p=0.0007). This figure was higher in the group of patients with osteoarthritis (p=0.009) and significantly decreased with the disease progression (p=0.04).Conclusion. For the first time the analysis of 3D surface reconstruction depending on the gray-level pixel values was used, which showed good characteristics on the distinguishing groups of patients with osteoarthritis, and comparability with standard radiographic protocol data; the best results demonstrated the minimum value at 3D histogram that had significant variation depending on the disease stage.
Promoting Engaged Scholars: Matching Tenure Policy and Scholarly Practice
Authors: Lambert-Pennington Katherine
Published: August 2016

This article explores what an uneven embrace of community engagement means for faculty as they apply for tenure and promotion. It closely examines how three faculty members (including the author) from different departments framed and discussed their engaged scholarly contributions in the presence or absence of departmental guidelines on engaged scholarship. Their experiences and success reveal the influence of departmental context on decisions to include engagement in faculty evaluation criteria and the importance of finding strategies to mitigate the absence or underdevelopment of guidelines.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE POLICIAIS MILITARES DE UM GRANDE COMANDO DE POLICIAMENTO DO INTERIOR
Authors: Santos Edivaldo Ferreira dos , Gomes Neto Orlando Soares , Arisawa Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo , Silva Alessandra Conceição da
Published: August 2016

A profissão de policial militar (PM) está no topo daquelas suscetíveis a doenças físicas e psíquicas, pela exposição contínua em seu exercício a riscos psíquicos e físicos, com queda acentuada da qualidade de vida e riscos à saúde da função. Este estudo objetivou realizar retrato da prevalência de doenças que acometeram os policiais militares de um grande batalhão da Polícia Militar, entre Janeiro a Dezembro de 2014. A pesquisa é descritiva, quantitativa e retrospectiva, analisando dados estatísticos compilados a partir do banco de dados da Unidade do Comando de Policiamento do Interior Um, no período citado. Compuseram a amostra militares de três Batalhões que apresentam, aproximadamente, 1050 integrantes. Os dados, fornecidos pela Unidade Integrada de Saúde (UIS), basearam-se em levantamento interno, enviados em planilha mensal que discrimina doenças prevalentes em cada batalhão estudado. Os dados foram compilados de acordo com a Unidade Operacional, permitindo análises de cada batalhão e a comparativa entre os mesmos. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, utilizando as medidas de tendência central (média, mediana e desvio padrão). As análises se concentraram nas doenças ortopédicas, psiquiátricas, cardiorrespiratórias, gastrointestinais, dermatológicas e renais que acometeram os PMs, no ano de 2014. Observou-se que as doenças ortopédicas prevaleceram nos três batalhões analisados (45%), seguidas de doenças psiquiátricas (16%) e doenças cardiorrespiratórias (16%). Os resultados permitiram realizar um retrato da prevalência de doenças que acometeram os policiais militares de um batalhão, no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2014, observando-se as doenças ortopédicas como prevalentes.