bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN PESERTA JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL DI APOTEK KIMIA FARMA 396 TUMINTING KOTA MANADO
Authors: Mumu Preisdy Aprilia , Lolo Widya A , Jayanto Imam
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT  The quality of health services has a close relationship with patient satisfaction, because if reality exceeds expectations the patient will use the health service. Patient satisfaction is the expectations that arise after comparing between  reality and expectations. This study aims to determine the level of patient satisfaction of National Health Insurance participants in Kimia Farma Pharmacy 396 Tuminting, Manado City. This type of research is a descriptive study, using non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaire sheets to the level of patient satisfaction to 290 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results obtained by an average overall patient satisfaction of (-0.51), it can be concluded that the level of satisfaction in the negative range which means the patient is not satisfied with the services provided.Keywords : National Health Insurance, level of satisfaction, expectations, reality. ABSTRAK  Kualitas pelayanan kesehatan memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan kepuasan pasien, karena jika kenyataan melebihi harapan maka pasien akan menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan tersebut. Kepuasan pasien akan muncul setelah membandingkan antara kenyataan dan harapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pasien peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Apotek Kimia Farma 396 Tuminting Kota Manado. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan metode non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membagikan lembar kuesioner tingkat kepuasan pasien kepada 290 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh rata-rata secara keseluruhan kepuasan pasien sebesar (-0,51), dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan berada pada rentang negatif yang artinya pasien tidak puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan. Kata kunci : Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), tingkat kepuasan, harapan, kenyataan.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK METANOL KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans
Authors: Rumayar Ricky C. , Yamlean Paulina V. Y. , Siampa Jainer P.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCandle tree is widely used traditionally as an antiparasitic and antifungal. Candle tree leaves have important ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones, flavonoids. This study aims to formulate, evaluate, and test the antifungal effectiveness of cream preparations with M / A cream types of methanol extract of Candle tree (cassia alata L.) leaves at a concentration of 3.5%; 5.5% and 7.5%. Antifungal effectiveness tests were performed using the diffusion method for creams with the largest antifungal activity. Then the results of testing the effectiveness of the largest antifungal cream was obtained at a concentration of 7.5% with a 9.5 mm diameter of inhibition zone. Physical evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersion test, adhesion test, and cycling test. All tests are carried out before and after cyling test. The results of the cream preparation study met the physical evaluation requirements before the cycling test and after the cyling test. Antifungal cream showed organoleptic, homogeneity, pH 8, spreadability test 6.67 cm and adhesion test 27.41 seconds after storage did not change. In conclusions from the study of 3.5% concentration cream; 5.5% and 7.5% methanol extract of Candle tree leaves can be formulated as a cream preparation because it is physically stable and has strong antifungal activity. Keywords: Candle tree (cassia alata L.), Cream, Candida albicans, Antifungal  ABSTRAK Ketepeng cina banyak dimanfaatkan secara tradisional, antara lain adalah sebagai antiparasit dan antijamur Daun ketepeng cina memiliki kandungan penting seperti alkaloid, saponin, tannin, steroid, antrakuinon, flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi, mengevaluasi, serta menguji efektivitas antijamur sediaan krim dengan tipe krim M/A daun ekstrak metanol ketepeng cina (cassia alata L.) pada konsentrasi 3,5%; 5,5% dan 7,5%. Uji efektivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode difusi untuk krim dengan aktivitas antijamur terbesar. Kemudian dilakukan hasil pengujian efektivitas krim antijamur terbesar diperoleh pada konsentrasi 7,5% dengan diameter zona hambat 9,5 mm. evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptic, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, dan uji cycling test semua pengujian dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah cyling test. Hasil  penelitian sediaan krim memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi fisik sebelum uji cycling test dan setelah cyling test. Krim antijamur memperlihatkan organoleptic, homogenitas, pH 8, uji daya sebar 6,67 cm dan uji daya lekat 27,41 detik setelah penyimpanan tidak terjadi perubahan. Kesimpulan dari penelitan pada krim konsentrasi 3,5%; 5,5% dan 7,5% ekstrak metanol daun ketepeng cina dapat diformulasi sebagai sediaan krim karena stabil secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antijamur yang kuat. Kata kunci : Ketepeng cina (cassia alata L.), Krim, Candida albicans, Antijamur
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SPONS Stylissa sp. DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
Authors: Sibarani Samuel I.M. , Yudistira Adithya , Mpila Deby A.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHabitat of sponge Stylissa sp., were under the sea and these sponges contain active compounds, which are more active than the compounds produced by terrestrial plants. Antioxidants are inhibitors of oxidation reactions due to the free radicals, which can cause weak damage to unsaturated cells, cell wall membranes, blood vessels, DNA bases, and lipid tissue, that causing disease. The study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts  of sponge Stylissa sp., which is located on the Bangka Island, Likupang District, North Minahasa Regency. Sponge Stylissa sp., was extracted by maceration with using ethanol. Testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method measured by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that ethanol extracts of sponge Stylissa sp., has antioxidant activity in each concentration and the highest at a concentration of 100 mg / L. The conclusion is a ethanol extract of sponge Stylissa sp. have high antioxidant activity with a concentration of 25 mg/L (77,40%), concentration of 50 mg/L (85,63%), concentration of 75 mg/L (88,66%), and concentration 100 mg/L (88,96%). Key words: Stylissa sp. Sponge, Antioxidant, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) ABSTRAKHabitat dari spons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Antioksidan adalah zat penghambat reaksi oksidasi akibat radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan lemah tak jenuh, membran dinding sel, pembuluh darah, basa DNA, dan jaringan lipid sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol biota laut spons Stylissa sp. yang terdapat di pulau Bangka, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara. Spons Stylissa sp. ini diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan ini dilakukan dengan metode DPPH yang diukur dengan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi dan yang tertinggi pada konsentrasi 100 mg/L. Kesimpulan yang didapat bahwa ekstrak etanol spons Stylissa sp. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dengan konsentrasi 25 mg/L (77,40%), konsentrasi 50 mg/L (85,63%), konsentrasi 75 mg/L (88,66%), dan konsentrasi 100 mg/L (88,96%). Kata Kunci : Spons Stylissa sp., Antioksidan, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)
UJI AKTIVITAS PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI KAFEIN
Authors: Gultom Minar N. S. , Queljoe Edwin De , Suoth Elly J.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the plants that contains flavonoid compound supposedly as anti-hyperuricemic activity. This study aims to determine the potential activity of reducing uric acid levels from the ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) on white wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with caffeine. This study is a laboratory experiment using a complete randomized design. A total of 15 rats were divided into 5 groups : negative control (CMC 1%), positive control (Allopurinol), and treatment group of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) extract 0,9 mg, 1,8 mg, and 3,6 mg. Hyperuricemic condition was induced by oral administration of  27 mg/200 gr caffeine for 6 days. The uric acid levels was measured before the rats was induced, 6 days after induced and every 3 days of 9 days of treatment. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA (Analisis of Variance) and LSD (Least Significant Different). The results show that the dose group of the ethanol extrack of bitter melon fruit had comparable with positive control of Allopurinol in decrease uric acid levels. The conclusion was the ethanol extract of bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) had anti-hyperuricemic activity in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) dose 0,9 mg, 1,8 mg and 3,6 mg. Keywords  : Momordica charantia L., antihiperuricemia, Rattus norvegicus, caffeine.ABSTRAK Buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) adalah salah satu tanaman yang mengandung flavonoid yang diduga sebagai senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas antihiperurisemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas penurunan kadar asam urat dari ekstrak etanol buah pare pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan : kontrol negatif (CMC 1%), kontrol positif (Allopurinol), dan kelompok dosis uji yaitu pemberian ekstrak etanol buah pare 0,9 mg/200 gr BB; 1,8 mg/200 gr BB; 3,6 mg/200 gr BB. Induksi hiperurisemia dilakukan dengan kafein dosis 27 mg/200 gr selama 6 hari. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dilakukan sebelum induksi, 6 hari setelah diinduksi dan setiap 3 hari selama 9 hari perlakuan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan LSD (Least Significant Different). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol buah pare memiliki aktivitas yang sebanding dengan kontrol positif allopurinol dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat. Kesimpulannya ekstrak etanol buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) memiliki aktivitas antihiperurisemia pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) pada dosis 0,9 mg/200 gr BB; 1,8 mg/200 gr BB; 3,6 mg/200 gr BB. Kata kunci : Momordica charantia L., antihiperurisemia, Rattus norvegicus, kafein.
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SABUN CAIR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) DAN DAUN EKOR KUCING (Acalypha hispida burm.f.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pareda Nia Kartika , Edy Hosea J. , Lebang Julianri S.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTTeak leaves (Tectona grandisLinn. f.) and Ekor Kucing leaves (Acalypha hispida Brum. f.) are plants that contain secondary metabolite compounds that can inhibit  bacteria.  This  research  aimsisto  formulate  liquid  soap containethanol extract of Teak leaves (Tectona grandisLinn. f.) and Ekor Kucing leaves (Acalypha hispidaBrum. f.) than determined itseffectiveness against Stahpylococcus aureusbacteria. This research was conducted by  make a liquid soap with various extract concentration  1%:4%,  4%:1%,  2,5%:2,5%,  2%:3%,  and  3%:2%,  furthermore  the specification of soap was tested for organoleptic, pH, high foam, moisture content, free  alkaline  content  and  specific  gravity.  Antibacterial  effectiveness  against  the growth  of Staphylococcus  aureuswas  done  bydiffusion  method.  The  results  of study show thatliquid soap preparations meet the requirements in accordance with SNI. The results obtained from the antibacterial effectiveness test of the liquid soap combination of ethanol extract of Teak leaves and Ekor Kucing leaves can inhibit Staphylococcus  aureusbacteria  with  all  the  concentrations  were  in  the  strong category,  with  the concentration  of 2,5%: 2,5%  which  has  the  largest  diameter namely 17,67 mm.Keywords  :     Antibacterial, Liquid Soap, Teak, Ekor Kucing.ABSTRAK Daun Jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) dan Daun Ekor Kucing (Acalypha hispida Brum.f.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Jati dan daun Ekor Kucing dan pengujian efektivitas sediaan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat sabun cair dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 1%:4%, 4%:1%, 2,5%:2,5%, 2%:3%, dan 3%:2%, selanjutnya sabun diuji spesifikasinya meliputi pengujian organoleptik, pH, tinggi busa, kadar air, kadar alkali bebas, dan bobot jenis. Pengujian efektivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil pengujian mutu sediaan sabun cair memenuhi persyaratan sesuai dengan SNI. Hasil uji efektivitas antibakteri sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Jati dan daun Ekor Kucing yang diperoleh dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan semua konsentrasinya termasuk dalam kategori kuat, dengan konsentrasi 2,5%:2,5% yang memiliki diameter paling besar yaitu 17,67 mm.Kata Kunci  : Antibakteri, Sabun Cair, Jati, Ekor Kucing.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN ASMA DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO
Authors: Alotia Gerry S. , Wiyono Weny I. , Mpila Deby A.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAsthma is a disease in the top five causes of death in the world, which varies between 5-10%. Drug use accuracy in this study was that patients who received treatment were evaluated for accuracy based on the category of indication, drug, patient and the correct dose. This study aims to identify the characteristics and presentation of the accuracy of drug use in asthma patients. This study is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection from 59 medical records of asthma patients for the period January - December 2017. The results of the study based on the characteristics of asthma patients show the number of female patients more than men, namely 33 patients (55.93%) and the highest number of patients age is in the 56 - 65 years for 10 patients (16.95%). Endocrine diseas, nutritional and metabolic disorders were the most common comorbidities was found in 13 patients (17.33%) and 3-4 drugs were prescribed more, namely 28 patients (47.46%). The accuracy percentage of drug use consisted of 81.36% right indication, 74.58% right drug, 94.92% right patient, and 86.44% correct dose. Keywords: Inpatient Asthma, Drug evaluation  ABSTRAKPenyakit asma merupakan penyakit lima besar penyebab kematian di dunia yang bervariasi antara 5 - 10%. Ketepatan penggunaan obat dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien menerima pengobatan yang kemudian di evaluasi ketepatannya berdasarkan kategori tepat indikasi, tepat obat, tepat pasien, dan tepat dosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan presentasi ketepatan penggunaan obat pada pasien asma. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dari 59 catatan rekam medik pasien asma periode Januari - Desember 2017. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik pasien asma menunjukkan jumlah pasien perempuan lebih banyak dibanding laki-laki yaitu sebesar 33 pasien (55,93%) dan jumlah pasien terbanyak pada kelompok usia 56 - 65 tahun sebesar 10 pasien (16,95%). Penyakit endoktrin, nutrisi dan gangguan metabolik merupakan penyakit penyerta terbanyak yang ditemukan pada 13 pasien (17,33%) dan 3 - 4 obat diresepkan lebih banyak yaitu pada 28 pasien (47,46%). Persentase ketepatan penggunaan obat terdiri dari tepat indikasi 81,36%, tepat obat 74,58%, tepat pasien 94,92%, dan tepat dosis 86,44%. Kata Kunci: Asma rawat inap, Evaluasi obat
UJI EFEKTIVIAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis L.) DAN BUNGA PACAR AIR (Impantiens balsamina L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nelwan Sabine A. , Yamlean Paulina V.Y. , Siampa Jainer Pasca
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTJati Leaves (Tectona grandis L.) and Rose balsam flower (Impantiens balsamina L.) contain flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins that are antibacterial. This research was aimed to formulate liquid soap extracts of Jati leaves and Rose balsam flower ethanol and test the antibacterial drugs for the antibacterial liquid soap with a concentration of (6%:2%), (5%:3%), (4%:4%). (3%:5%) and (2%:6%) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Experimental methods were permorfed for this research. For the formulation of this liquid soap, several experiments were conducted (e.g., organoleptic test, pH, high foam, moisture content, free alkaline content, and type weights). The effectiveness of antibacterial to s.aureus growth was tested by diffusion method. The results of liquid soap quality testing finally met all the requirements according to ISN (Indonesian National Standard). The results of the effectiveness of antibacterial liquid soap esxtract of the obtained Jati leaves and Rose balsam flower can inhibit the s.aureus bacteria, with a concentration of (5%:3%) and (2%:6%) which has the strongest inhibition with a diameter of 19,3 mm. Keywords: Jati Leaves, Rose Balsam, Liquid Soap, Antibacterial.  ABSTRAKDaun Jati (Tectona grandis L.) dan Bunga Pacar Air (Impantiens balsamina L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun Jati dan bunga Pacar Air serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun cair dengan konsentrasi (6%:2%), (5%:3%), (4%:4%), (3%:5%), (2%:6%) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Formulasi sediaan sabun cair kombinasi dilakukan pengujian organoleptic, pH, tinggi busa, kadar air, kadar alkali bebas, dan bobot jenis. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Hasil pengujian mutu sabun cair memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia). Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri yang diperoleh dapat menghambat bakteri s.aureus dengan konsentrasi (5%:3%) dan (2%:6%) yang memiliki daya hambat terkuat dengan diameter 19,3 mm. Kata kunci: Daun Jati, Bunga Pacar Air, Sabun Cair, Antibakteri.
AUDIT COMMITTEE AND ACCOUNTING INFORMATION VALUE RELEVANCE
Authors: Krismiaji Krismiaji
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the results of empirical research investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics (AC) on the accounting information value relevance (VR) for Indonesian companies in 2014 - 2018. VR is measured using the Ohlson Model, while AC is measured using its members and its independence members. By using data of 590 firm-years, this study found that the size of the committee audit and the AC independence positively affects the value relevance of EPS. Yet, the AC size affects negatively the BVS value relevance whereas the AC independence does not affect BVS value relevance. These results enrich the literature of value relevance, especially in connection to the AC characteristics.
Lateral spreads of ion-implanted Al and P atoms in silicon carbide
Authors: Jin Qimin , Nakajima Masashi , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: April 2021

Lateral spreads of Al and P atoms implanted (10 ∼ 700 keV) into a high-purity semi-insulating 4H silicon carbide (SiC) substrate have been experimentally investigated. Scanning capacitance microscopy observation revealed that lateral distributions are highly dependent on the implantation energies of ions. Asymmetric lateral distributions were observed along the

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direction, which may be attributed to the 4° off-angle of the substrate. The lateral spreads are determined to be 0.33 μm for Al atoms, 0.38 ± 0.02 μm for P atoms along the

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direction, and 0.28 μm/0.38 μm for Al atoms, 0.25 μm/0.40 μm for P atoms along the

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direction (upstream/downstream side of step flow). Comparison between the lateral spreads of Al and P atoms is discussed with Al and P stopping powers and ranges in SiC.
Implementation of Linear and Nonlinear circuits using Operational Transconductance Amplifier
Authors: B.T. Krishna
Published: April 2021

This paper describes implementation of CMOS based
linear and non-linear analog circuits using operational trans
conductance amplifier as the basic element. These circuits have
their applications in communication and signal processing areas.
In this work PSPICE is used for the simulation of various analog
circuits. The corresponding results are presented.
TO EVALUATE ROLE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA ON USG AND ELASTOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIATING BENIGN AND MALIGNANT THYROID LESION
Authors: Verma Ashok Kumar , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Rashmi Rashmi , Kumari Neha
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are common and are commonly benign. The reported prevalence of nodular thyroid disease depends on the
population studied and the methods used to detect nodules. Numerous studies suggest a prevalence of 2-6% with palpation, 19-35% with
ultrasound, and 8-65% in autopsy data.
Aims and objectives: To evaluate diagnostic reliability of ultrasound morphological criteria (ACR-TIRADS system) and elastographyin
differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules in patients using cytopathology or histopathology as gold standard.
Materials and methods: Prospective observational study, Patients visiting LLR (Hallet) Hospital with clinically suspicious thyroid nodule, LLR
(Hallet) Hospital, GSVM Medical College, Jan 2019 to Oct 2020.
Result: Showing distribution of composition of nodules in our study subjects Maximum nodules have mixed solid cystic composition . Showing
distribution of echogenicity of nodules in our study subjects. Maximum nodules in our study have to hyperechoic echogenicity. Showing
distribution of margin of nodules in our study subjects. Maximum nodules in our study have ill dened margin.
Conclusion: In conclusion, no single investigation was found to be 100% sensitive or specic in diagnosing malignancy in nodular goiter but a
good clinical, FNAC and USG examinations are complimentary to each other in predicting malignancy and avoid unnecessary or inadequate
surgery.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CYTOCHROME 2E1 GENE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS AMONG ETHNIC FULANI IN NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Umar Muhammad Tukur , Oricha Bello Shaibu
Published: April 2021

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes are critical in inter-individual variability in drug response. Cytochrome
P450 2E1, which is highly polymorphic belongs to these enzymes and ethnicity signicantly determine their expressions. Volunteers from Fulani
extractions were recruited through their expressed consents. Five mls of blood sample was collected in EDTA container used for DNA extraction,
PCR and sequencing. The consensus sequence generated for individual participants were located to the Cyp 2E1 gene and spanned both target rs
2031920 to rs 3813867 polymorphism region. Chromatograms were validated with Bioedit software. Three (3) volunteers (15%) revealed new rs
147346389 A>C polymorphism at nucleotide position 4029. Also, three (3) other volunteers (15%) revealed rs 35806299 A>G polymorphism at
position 3661. One (5%) new (unlabelled) A>C polymorphism was revealed at position 3906.
UTILIZATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MALARIA PREVENTION METHODS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL SITUATED IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Oyemomi Ibrahim Azeez , Anthony Agbesanwa Tosin , Muftau Shabi Olabode , Ebenezer Ariyibi Kayode , Kamal Alabi Ayodele , Adejumoke Omonijo Oluwatosin
Published: April 2021

Background: National surveys indicate that among countries in Africa where malaria is endemic, Nigeria alone accounts for 21% of pregnancies
that are unprotected from malaria. This study aimed to ascertain the extent of utilization and effectiveness of malaria prevention methods, found
out the existing relationship between maternal parasitaemia and the effectiveness of these methods at (p<0.05) level of signicance.Methods: The
study was a cross sectional survey involving 264 consenting pregnant women who were recruited at booking clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital,
Ido -Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on their socio-demographic characteristics,
mode and extent of utilization of malaria prevention methods and their effectiveness. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for
malaria parasitaemia using the microscopy. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Results:The malaria prevention methods most commonly
reported as being effective were the Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) or both, which were utilized by 97(36.5%), 79
(30.0%) and 88 (33.4%) participants respectively. Eight (8.3%), 9 (10.8%), and 7 (7.9%) of the participants that used ITNs, IRS or both
combination respectively tested positive for malaria parasitaemia. There was a statistically signicant association between maternal parasitaemia
and malaria prevention methods using ITNs (p=0.001), IRS (p = 0.001) or both (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The most commonly adopted malaria
prevention methods were ITNs, Indoor Residual Spray or both. Despite their protective effectiveness, their utilizations are still poor. Information
and communication strategies by the stakeholders are suggested to improve the utilization of these methods as adopted by other countries.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OPEN AND CLOSED TREATMENT OF EDENTULOUS MANDIBULAR FRACTURES.
Authors: V Pravish. , Hussain. A Syed Khaja , C S Soumitran. , A G Johnson.
Published: April 2021

Background And Objectives: The loss of bone mass and decreased vascularity decreases the strength of mandible and makes it vulnerable to
fracture. Elderly persons with atrophic mandible have less osteogenic capability and reduced blood ow, and may have a complex medical history,
so that management of a fracture of the mandible may require special considerations. An ideal treatment for these mostly geriatric patients is
absolutely essential. In this context this particular study is being undertaken to compare with the two available treatment modalities open and
closed reduction and to do an analysis to nd out which one will be a suitable technique for treatment.
Method: This study involved 30 patients with edentulous mandibular fractures in which 15 patients for open reduction and 15 patients for closed
reduction were selected. All the patients selected for the study were followed up postoperatively for a minimum period of 6 months. Postoperative
assessment for pain, swelling, mobility of fracture segment, signs of Infections and radiographic assessment of fracture ends were done on the rst,
third and sixth month respectively.
Result: Postoperative assessment for pain, swelling, mobility of fracture segment, signs of Infections and radiographic assessment of fracture ends
were done on the rst, third and sixth month showed no signicant differences.
The results and observations from the study suggest us that there was no signicant difference between both methods on fracture healing.
Admission Control for 5G Network Slicing based on (Deep) Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Villota Jácome William Fernando , Caicedo Rendon Oscar Mauricio , da Fonseca Nelson Luis Saldanha
Published: April 2021

Network Slicing is a promising technology for
providing customized logical and virtualized networks for the
industry’s vertical segments.This paper proposes SARA and DSARA for the performance of admission control and resource allocation for network slice requests of eMBB, URLLC, and MIoT type in the 5G core network. SARA introduced a Q-learning based algorithm and DSARA a DQN-based algorithm to select the most profitable requests from a set that arrived in given time windows. These algorithms are model-free, meaning they do not make assumptions about the substrate network as do optimization based approaches.
Planning, Optimisation and Evaluation of Small PtGtP Systems: Case Study of a German Dairy
Authors: Schmeling Lucas , Buchholz Alexander August Ionnis , Heineke Hilmer , Klement Peter , Hanke Benedikt , Maydell Karsten von
Published: April 2021

In the course of the energy transition, distributed, hybrid energy supply concepts, such as the combination of photovoltaic and battery storages, are increasingly being used for economic and ecological reasons. However, electricity generation is highly weather-dependent and the storage capacity of batteries is limited. Nowadays, a new component is emerging for distributed energy supply: the Power-to-Gas-to-Power (PtGtP) technology which stores electricity as hydrogen even over longer periods of time. As this is still a relatively new application, there is still a lack of valid assessments of its usefulness and prospects. In order to be able to give such an assessment under the current German market conditions, a methodology is being developed that optimises the sizing and operation of such a PtGtP as part of a hybrid energy system. The evaluation is based on a multi-criteria approach optimising for both costs and CO2 emissions. In order to gain further insights into this energy supply concept and its future prospects, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, where key parameters are identified and their effects on the results are described. The methodology is used to examine the case study of a dairy and shows that PtGtP is not yet profitable but promising.
Internal Condition Analysis on Tourism Development of Bintan Regency 2019
Authors: Oktaviana Rezki Feni , Muhammad Adji Suradji , Kurnianingsih Fitri , Mahadiansar Mahadiansar
Published: April 2021

The dynamics of tourism as an economic driver will greatly affect the environment in tourism development in Bintan Regency. One of the influencing environment is the internal condition in tourism management which is the reason for the need to map the problem. This paper focuses on environmental studies of the community, private sector, local government in the internal tourism of Bintan Regency in 2019. The research uses a literature study using secondary data which is analyzed in depth. The results showed that the internal analysis of tourism which includes 3 main components of tourism development, namely sustainable improvement of the tourism industry, improving institutional quality both in vertical agencies and the role of local communities which is very important in developing tourism in Bintan Regency. With the existence of three main components in the analysis of the internal environment for tourism in Bintan Regency, it is hoped that it can have a positive impact in a sustainable manner.
JUDGE'S JUDGMENT ON CRIMINAL OFFENSE AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF CRIMINAL EXTORTION WITH THE VIOLENCE AGAINST OTHER PEOPLE'S MOTORCYCLES (Verdict Study Number: 237/Pid. B/2018/PN Kla)
Authors: Pramisela Oktasari Putri , Hesti Yulia
Published: April 2021

A crime or criminal act, usually perpetrators of criminals because of an encouragement based on the importance of fulfilling the necessities of life that is relatively difficult to fulfill. In principle the crime problem does not stand alone, but it relates to other issues such as social, economic, political and cultural which is as a phenomenon that affects each other. To tackle crimes and criminal acts such a thorough enforcement and anticipation policy is required. One of the most common criminal acts in the community is the violence of violent blackmail. Perpetrators can be assessed by the community, therefore it is necessary to be handled by the law enforcement officers intensively with the severity of the criminal that was dropped. The problem in this study is how the judge's consideration in dropping a criminal against perpetrators of criminal offenses with violence against motorcycles belonging to others, what are some factors causing perpetrators of criminal extortion with violence. The method of study used is the normative juridical approach and empirical approach obtained directly at the District Court of Kls II Kalianda, state Attorney of South Lampung. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that the judge's judgment in the criminal offence against the perpetrator of violent criminal offence is in accordance with the element contained in article 368 paragraph (1) of the criminal CODE and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment. Factors affecting the cause of perpetrators of criminal extortion in violence are environmental factors, economic factors on society, the law enforcement. The advice given is to be expected to the Tribunal, the attorney general and the police in providing or establishing the article can be in accordance with its elements and actions, to the rationing punishment against the defendant is considered fair and give a deterrent effect so that the defendant can not repeat it again. There is cooperation between law enforcement and the community in minimizing the crimes that occurred.
IMPACT OF MERAPI SAND MINING IN KLATEN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Syaifulloh Arief K.
Published: April 2021

In the general explanation of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining it isoutlined that the Basic Law 1945 Article 33 paragraph (3) affirms the earth, water, andnatural wealth contained therein is controlled by the state and used for the greatprosperity of the people. In this study, the authors examined how environmentaldamage impacts the merapi sand mining in Klaten. The research method used in thisstudy is empirical legal research, where in empirical research emphasizes more on thesymptoms and consequences that occur based on the field, or in another sense thisstudy uses observation methods as primary data to see how the law in action goes.From the results of the research obtained that the impact of merapi sand mining in thecentral java klaten is the first impact on the damage of agricultural land, plantation landthat certainly threatens the availability of land for future generations of farmers thatwill certainly have an impact on food availability, secondly damaging evacuation routesand thirdly disrupting water content, ecology, landslide prone.
REGULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONALITY PRINCIPLES FOR RAPE AND SEXUAL ASSAULT ABOARD
Authors: Ramadan Suta , Seftiniara Intan , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Sexual violence is an unwanted sexual behavior, such as a request to have sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviors by verbal and physical violence. The problem in this study is how is the legal regulation of rape and sexual assault in Indonesia? and How is the implementation of active national principles for rape and sexual assault crimes that occur abroad? The research method used in this research is normative research method, by examining legal problems using existing literature materials. This study will analyze the legal arrangements for perpetrators of rape and sexual assault crimes to the implementation of the principle of nationality for perpetrators of rape and sexual assaultcrimes that occur abroad. The conclusion in this study is that there needs to be an expansion in the Draft KUHP in regulating criminal acts of immorality, especially rapes committed similarly, both carried out by men and women and the application of the principle of personality both active and passive can be given by the state if the crime is related to the interests of the state, and the existence of bilateral agreements between the two countries so that legal diplomacy can run smoothly until it gets the best way out.
Influência da adubação bórica na cultura do feijoeiro
Authors: Corioletti Ní­bia Sales Damasceno , Corioletti Sidinei , Da Silva Valéria Lima
Published: April 2021

A cultura do feijão em nosso país além de participar de maneira expressiva no cenário econômico que engloba a cadeia do agronegócio, exerce uma função cultural bastante intensificada por ser um dos símbolos básicos da alimentação da população e importante fonte de proteína. O Brasil destaca-se no ranking mundial como um dos principais países produtores e consumidores de feijão (Phaseolus vulgares L). Esta cultura pode ter sua produtividade limitada pelo baixo teor de Boro (B) encontrada em parte dos solos brasileiros cultivados, onde os níveis adequados deste nutriente varia de 1,0 a 1,2 mg dm-3. Com isso, pode existir a necessidade de se fazer a adubação para superar a limitação na produtividade por deficiência de Boro no solo e na planta. As plantas absorvem B na forma de ácido bórico. Ao longo dos anos o nível tecnológico empregado na produção do feijão vêm aumentando significativamente, neste sentido diversas pesquisas tem sido direcionadas para práticas de manejo que gerem rentabilidade e produtividade dessa cultura. Essa revisão tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a relevância da adubação bórica na cultura do feijoeiro e identificar em quais estádios de desenvolvimento essa adubação seria crucial para o ciclo da planta, assim como levantar a resposta à adubação bórica das principais variáveis agronômicas estudadas.
Snakebites in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil: from 2007 to 2019
Authors: Reis Silva Carlos Eduardo , De Siqueira Paese Márcia Carolina , Alegranci Pâmela
Published: April 2021

Snakebites are considered a serious public health problem due to its incidence and severity; in 2017 it was considered a neglected tropical disease. Mato Grosso state have a large territorial extension, composed by a tropical forest and semi-humid climate, and this could contributed for accidents with snakes, principally in rural areas. Regarding the state, epidemiological studies of accidents with snakes are scarce, so the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological aspects of snakebites in Mato Grosso state from 2007 to 2019. It was a retrospective descriptive study with data obtained from the Health Information Notification System (SINAN). In the analyzed period, there were 13,754 cases of snakebites, 90.77% were caused by Bothrops genus. The profile of individuals were male with age from 20 to 59 years old. The time that had elapsed between the accident and care being administered in 66.19% of the cases was up to 3 hours, the cases were considered mild or moderated (86.76%) with 89.25% evolution to cure. The incidence rate varied from 41.2 (in 2010) to 25.4 (in 2018) cases per 100,000 inhabitants with a central tendency to reduction of the cases over the years, and according to the macro-regions were observed higher incidences in East. Future investigations are necessary to explain the variation of incidence according to the macro-regions of Mato Grosso state.
Trans Narratives in Museums Collections: Dialogues with Élle de Bernardini and Lyz Parayzo
Authors: Silva Anna
Published: April 2021

This essay presents perspectives about the institutionalization of works by trans artists in museum collections. The contribution to this analysis comes from the Brazilian artists Élle de Bernardini (1991) and Lyz Parayzo (1994), who have works collected at the Art Museum of Rio (MAR), Niterói Contemporary Art Museum (MAC), Art Museum of Rio Grande do Sul (MARGS), Contemporary Art Museum of Rio Grande do Sul (MAC-RS), Santander Brasil Colection, Modern Art Museum in Rio de Janeiro (MAM-RJ), National Museum of the Cultural Complex of the Republic – Honestino Guimarães, Museum of Sexual Diversity, Italian Embassy in Brazil and Pinacoteca of the State of São Paulo. The main aim is to understand the process of musealization from the narrative construction of itself of each artist, the connection between those narratives and the agendas about gender and the artists' conditions. As well, the text discusses the presence and absence of the agenda and the (re)exhibitions of the artworks. In this sense, the researcher has done an interview with two artists about trans visibility in museum collections.

Keywords: Trans Narratives; Museums Collections; Élle de Bernardini; Lyz Parayzo;
“Sexual roles” at Museu Paulista collection.
Authors: Vieira Leonardo
Published: April 2021

The Museu Paulista established its collection policy in 1990, at the same time as the institution's research line was as follows: I. Daily life and society (sexual roles, age and enculturation), II. The World of Work (pre and proto-industrial) and III. Imaginary (the material vectors of sense). During my master's research, after analysing approximately 617 acquisition processes, I was able to identify that the institution collects a considerable number of objects because of its interest in gender issues. However, even after 25 years of work in this area the Museu Paulista continues to consider the binary concept of gender. This results in the exclusion of references to non-binary aspects of gender and sexual diversity in the museum’s collection, as well as the removal of the institution of contemporary studies on gender and sexual roles. We must point out that the Museu Paulista is not the only one to develop its institutional policy in this way. In Brasil, at least some authors have already shown that museums are, for the most part, far removed from the discussion about gender and sexual diversity. This is one of the main reasons justifying the discussion on the international scene, in addition to the fact that 'new' identities of gender and sexuality have been the subject of intense public debate nowadays.

Key words: Museology; Sexual diversity; History museum; Collections acquisition.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN PENGGUNA JASA PENGIRIMAN BARANG ATAS KEHILANGAN BARANG YANG DIKIRIMKAN DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Irma Garwan  , Muhamad Abas  , Nanik
Published: April 2021

Pembangunan dan perkembangan perekonomian dibidang perindustrian dan perdagangan nasional telah menghasilkan berbagai variasi barang dan jasa yang dapat dikonsumsi ditambah dengan globalisasi dan perdagangan bebas yang didukung oleh kemajuan teknologi telekomunikasi memperluas transaksi barang atau jasa dapat dilihat dengan adanya pemanfaatan internet untuk menunjang transaksi perdagangan jarak jauh bahwa suatu perdagangan tidak lagi membutuhkan pertemuan antar pelaku bisnis maka dari itu hubungan konsumen dengan pelaku usaha jasa pengiriman barang itu sangatlah penting. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini Yaitu Bagaimana Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen pengguna jasa pengiriman barang jika barang yang dikirim tidak sampai atau hilang menurut Undang-Undang Nomer 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Yuridis Normatif. Hasil penelitian adalah setelah melalui beberapa proses pemeriksaan barang akan segera dikirim ketempat tujuan sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati, apabila dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian tersebut mengalami wanprestasi, pihak jasa pengiriman barang bertanggungjawab untuk mengganti kerugian yang dialami pihak konsumen. Kedua belah pihak dapat menyelsaiakan masalah sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati, Apabila barang yang dikirim hilang atau rusak pihak jasa pengiriman barang bertanggungjawab untuk mengganti barang yang hilang atau rusak tersebut dengan barang yang sama atau mengganti uang sebesar harga barang tersebut.

Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Pelaku usaha jasa pengiriman barang, Konsumen.
SINTEZ OLUNMUŞ AMIDOAMINLƏR VƏ TƏBII NEFT TURŞUSUNUN METAL DUZLARI KOMPOZISIYASININ MINERAL YAĞLAR ILƏ KONSERVASIYA MAYELƏRI KIMI TƏDQIQI
Authors: Elgün Həsənov Elgün Həsənov
Published: April 2021

Texniki neft turşularının (TNT) berolamin-20 (BA-20) ilə müxtəlif mol nisbətlərində sintez olunmuşdur. Sintez olunmuş amidoaminlərin və təbii neft turşularının müxtəlif metal duzları ilə kompozisiyaları T-46 və T-1500 mineral yağlarına müxtəlif faiz nisbətində qatılaraq konservasiya mayeləri hazırlanmışdır.
Metal lövhələr, hazırlanmış konservasiya mayelərinə salınaraq“Corrosionbox” aparatında kondensasiya və atmosfer faza mühirində korroziyadan mühafizə effektinin sınaqları aparılmışdır. BA-20 əsasında 4:1 mol nisbətində sintez olunmuş amidoaminin təbii neft turşusunun Co duzu ilə kompozisiyası 10% miqdarında T-46 və T-1500 yağlarında konservasiya mayesi kimi daha yüksək nəticə göstərir.
Açar sözlər: texniki neft turşusu, təbii neft turşusu, berolamin-20, konservasiya mayeləri, mineral yağlar, korroziya.
Analyse météorologique de l'évolution temporelle du risque d'inondation à Douala (Cameroun)
Authors: Djiondo Ngongang Rinelle , Djiotang Tchotchou Lucie Angennes , Ossombo Boniface Elvis , Sandjeu Wandjie Brice Baudouin , Lenouo André
Published: April 2021

Cet article analyse l'évolution des inondations dans la ville de Douala à partir des méthodes permettant de calculer une valeur de débit maximum à l'aide des données météorologiques sur une période de 35 ans (1985-2019). Une base de données sur les inondations créée à l'aide d'informations issues de la presse montre que Douala est fréquemment inondée durant la saison des pluies par des systèmes précipitants en V associés à la mousson. On observe ainsi une augmentation du nombre d'inondations rapportées depuis les années 2010, qui semble corrélée avec l'évolution de l'emprise urbaine de la ville. Les zones urbaines inondées de façon récurrente sont le plus souvent les quartiers « informels » construits directement en zones inondables et dont l'accroissement est important depuis les années 1990. L'étude des inondations du 2 et 3 août 2000 à Douala indique qu'on avait une situation synoptique propice à de fortes précipitations. On peut par l'exemple noter que l'humidité relative était presque de 99 %, ce qui implique que l'air est saturé en eau avec une chute de température. L'intérêt de cette étude est de réduire la vulnérabilité en intégrant les populations et les décideurs au coeur des stratégies de développement et de gestion urbaine des risques liés aux aléas climatiques.

This article analyzes the temporal evolution of flooding in the urban area of Douala using methods allowing to compute a maximum flow value using meteorological data over a period of 35 years (1985-2019). A flood database is created using information from the press showing that Douala is frequently flooded during the rainy season by V-shaped precipitating systems associated to the monsoon. We can thus observe an increase in the number of floods reported since the 2010s, which seems to be correlated with the evolution of the city's urban footprint. The recurrently flooded urban areas are most often informal neighbourhoods built directly in flood-prone areas and whose increase has been significant since the 1990s. The case study of the floods of August 2 and 3, 2000 in Douala indicates that there was a synoptic situation conducive to heavy rainfall. On the other hand, relative humidity is almost 99 % which requires the air to be saturated with water with a drop in temperature, which will cause a change of state. The purpose of this study is to reduce vulnerability by integrating populations and decision-makers at the heart of development strategies and urban risk management related to climatic hazards.
Became, Become, Becoming
Authors: Adger David
Published: April 2021

Linguist David Adger reviews the recent film Arrival, exploring some of the concepts, such as Fermat’s principle of least time and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, that underlie both the film and the short story by Ted Chiang on which it is based.
Chemistry Self-Crystallizing
Authors: Laszlo Pierre
Published: April 2021

Physicists and chemists have been helping one another since World War II. Among all the proposed structural tools, nuclear magnetic resonance has played a prominent role.
Economies are Ecologies, not Engines
Authors: Wagner Richard
Published: April 2021

An economy is a system of agents and connections among those agents. There are, however, two distinct ways of conceptualizing economic systems. One is mechanical, the other is ecological.