bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices, Household Food Security and Nutritional Status of Under-five Children in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: ABDULLAH ABU AHAMMAD , RIFAT M. A. , TAREQ HASAN MD. , MANIR MOHAMMAD ZAHIDUL , KHAN MD. MAHBUB MURSHED , AZAD FARIA
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted among people in the two southern most sub-districts or Upazilas (Teknaf and Ukhiya) of Bangladesh. This area is known nationally and internationally for a number of reasons including the presence of Rohingya refugees, the longest sea beach in the world, the location of a crucial international border between Bangladesh and Myanmar, and its Rakhaine ethnic population. This study focuses on the host community people of these two Upazilas from a nutritional lens. Objectives To assess the socio-economic status, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, household food security levels, hygiene, sanitation and healthcare seeking behavior, and also the nutritional status of children under-five among the population of Teknaf and Ukhiya Upazilas of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The study employed a cross sectional approach. A total of 300 households with at least one 6-59 month old child were randomly selected by two stage cluster sampling in 2014. Data was collected through direct interviews with the participants using a structured questionnaire. Analysis of the data was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version16.0 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and Emergency Nutrition Assessment (ENA) software. Food security was measured by Household Food Insecurity Access Score (HFIAS). The study found that 43.6% of the children were breastfed within 1 hour of birth, 41.9% ofthe children were exclusively breastfed up to six months, and the average duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 5.2 months. Age appropriate meal frequency was found inaccurate for 60.3% of the children aged 9-11 month. The rates of severe stunting, wasting, and underweight among the children were 16.0%, 3.0% and 14.6% respectively. Among the households, 46.9% were severely food insecure. It was found that household food insecurity was significantly associated with household income (p=0.000), maternal education (p=0.000),and stunting (p= 0.005) and wasting (p=0.044) for children under-five. Overall IYCF practices, nutritional status of under-five children and household food security among the studied population were not at a satisfactory level and the status was lower than reference data for the same region.
Study of Soup Mix Incorporated with Starch Extract from Mango “Mangifera indica” Seed Kernels
Authors: YATNATTI SHILPA , VIJAYALAKSHMI D.
Published: December 2018

Mango processing generates kernels and peels as waste which accounts for 40-60 per cent. Mango kernels most often used as by-product for extraction of oil. The residue left after oil extraction is generally considered as waste but studies revealed that it has sufficient amount of starch. Present study was undertaken to extract starch from mango seed kernels, to investigate level of incorporation of starch extract into soup mix and to study its shelf life. Mango seeds were procured from processing industry and kernels were isolated manually from its seed coat. Starch was extracted from kernels. Extracted starch was incorporated in soup mix by replacing corn starch at 25, 50 and 75 per cent. Best accepted sample was kept for storage study in comparison with control for two months. Results revealed recovery of starch was 50.5 g per 100 g of kernels. Starch extract incorporated soup mix was best accepted at 50 per cent level and this sample was kept for storage study in comparison with control soup mix where 100 per cent corn starch was used. Over the storage period sensory scores for soups prepared with soup mixes were observed to be acceptable indicating two months of shelf-life for soup mix. Microbial load on starch extract incorporated soup mix was observed to be less when compared to control but on both samples it was observed to be within safety limits. Mango kernels which are generated as processing waste can be utilized to extract starch, which can replace the corn starch up to 50 per cent in soup mixes without significant difference in sensory properties and can be stored for two months.
Chemical Composition and Sensory Analysis of Simulated Chips Based Rice Bran Tempe Flour
Authors: CEMPAKA LARAS , CASA NIKELYA , ASIAH NURUL
Published: December 2018

Indonesia has a diversity of traditional food. One of them is tempe, a fermented food which is generally made from soybean. Currently, the diversity of tempe raw materials and tempe products are widely developed with the aim of increasing the nutritional content of tempe. Processing soybean into various foods is generally a simple process, like chips. Chip is one of the most popular snack food consumed by all ages. The effects of rice bran tempe flour addition as a fortification of wheat flour in the processing of simulated chips was determined. Rice bran tempe has been made through fermentation method using Rhizopus oligosporus culture. This study aims to determine the chemical properties and sensory tests of simulated chips with the addition of rice bran tempe flour. The simulated chips were formulated by supplementing rice bran tempe flour at different proportions (10%, 20%, and 30%) with 100% wheat flour as a control. Results have shown protein, fat and ash of the simulated chips to be increased, while carbohydrate content decreased corresponding to the increase in proportion of rice bran tempe flour. The result of hedonic test showed that the addition of 10% rice bran tempe flour is the most favourite compared with others. However, the consumer perception has stated that simulation chips product with added rice bran tempe flour has no resemblance to the commercial product as a whole product.
Formulation and Characterization of Buckwheat-Barley Supplemented Multigrain Biscuits
Authors: HUSSAIN ANWAR , KAUL RAJKUMARI
Published: December 2018

The current study was carried out on biscuits by incorporating barley flour (10%) and buckwheat flour (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) into wheat flour. Biscuits were evaluated for physico-chemical, functional and sensory attributes. All the blended samples exhibited high fiber, fat, ash, carbohydrate and mineral contents when compared to those prepared from 100% wheat flour. Considering the taste, flavour, texture and overall acceptability, 10% buckwheat flour incorporated biscuit (70:20:10::WF:BF:BWF) was found to be at the top among the blends. The incorporation of buckwheat flour increased the DPPH scavenging potential hence increased the functional property of blended product.
Not a production line
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: December 2018

Successive governments have failed to grasp that children develop at different rates and that any policy that does not recognise this fact is doomed to fail each generation.
Training for the unthinkable
Authors: Pearce Katherine
Published: December 2018

Katherine Pearce reveals where dental nurses fit in to a forensic investigation
‘Hello, my name is..’
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: December 2018

How do you introduce yourself to your new patients? And why is it so important? Julie Bissett hears from readers about their experiences
We've explored…: butterflies
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: December 2018

Children at one setting learned about the lifecycle of butterflies by caring for a disabled one, explains Annette Rawstrone
The Effect of Employee Empowerment on Entrepreneurship in Education Management: Mediation Role of Organizational Culture
Authors: Savas Ahmet Cezmi , Almas Ali
Published: December 2018

In this study, the relationship between the empowerment activities applied to employees in education, and entrepreneurship and the mediation role of organizational culture in this relationship are examined. In line with this, the research is a descriptive study in the relational screening model. For this purpose, entrepreneurship and organizational culture are discussed in four dimensions, and employee empowerment in five dimensions. The study was conducted by using a Likert-type questionnaire for 222 educators in 22 schools (192 teachers, 22 principals and 8 assistant principals) in Gaziantep. Employee empowerment, entrepreneurship and organizational culture scales were used to gather data. The correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, a relationship between the dimensions was found to be significant and positive in the correlation analysis which was conducted to determine the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scales of employee empowerment, entrepreneurship and organizational culture. According to the results in regression analysis; it was determined that organizational culture level is the sub-predictor in the prediction of entrepreneurship of employee empowerment in education employees, solutions were presented on the subject.
Cross-cultural Examination of Differences Regarding Eating Attitudes and Depression of International University Students
Authors: Okumusoglu Sultan
Published: December 2018

Globally increasing prevalence of eating disorders emphasizes the existence of eating psychopathologies across cultures. Investigating eating disorders and depression among emerging adults across ethnic/racial diversity is important regarding theory and interventions. Hence, examination of differences regarding eating attitudes and depression of international university students from Africa and Asia continents was aimed. “Eating Attitudes Test-26” (EAT-26) and “The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised” (CESD-R) were used for data collection. Participants are 108 (84 Africans, 24 Asians) university students. Asian students’ and females’ EAT-26 scores were determined as higher.  Regarding depression scores, %14,81 of the all participants (%8,3 of the African and %37,5 of the Asian students) were found above the pathological cut point. But no differences were detected between groups except ‘suicide ideas’. Disordered eating attitudes correlated positively with depressive tendencies and also with ‘sadness’, ‘tiredness’ and ‘suicide ideas’ besides compensating behaviors like ‘laxative diuretic usage’. Results demonstrated some practical and theoretical implications. As well as being consistent with cross-cultural findings regarding eating disorders, results seems consistent with the criteria and the related literature revealing co-existing symptoms of eating disorders, comorbidity between eating disorders and depression and also with Cognitive Theory.
Assessing Students Perception of Difficult Topics in Mathematics at Senior Secondary Schools in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Bichi Ado Abdu , Ibrahim Rahinatu H. , Ibrahim Fatima B.
Published: December 2018

This study was conducted to assess the students’ perception of difficult topics in mathematics in some selected senior secondary schools (SS) in Kano state Nigeria. Two hundred (200) SS final year (III) students were randomly selected from ten (10) selected senior secondary schools within Bichi zone of Kano state Nigeria. A twenty items questionnaire was administered to respondents. Mean, standard deviation, and independent sample t-test statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that students perceived 13 topics (65%) difficult to comprehend. The study also showed that students’ gender had a significant influence on their perception of difficult topics in mathematics [t (198) =2.34, P =0.020, α = .05] and the nature of students’ schools had no significant influence on their perception of difficulty in mathematics [t (198) = -.444, p = 0.657, α = .05]. It was recommended that students should be encouraged and motivated to learn mathematics, curriculum developers should develop instructions that would improve students’ knowledge by laying more emphasis on the perceived difficulty areas in mathematics and further studies should be conducted to find out the factors responsible for the perceived difficulty and also if there is a relationship between perception and students’ achievement.
Food Cravings, Nutritional Status and Physical Activity in Patients with Major Depression in Turkey
Authors: Muftuoglu Selen , Kiziltan Gul , Ok Mehtap Akcil
Published: December 2018

Our goal was to determine food cravings, nutritional status and physical activity of patients diagnosed with major depression. The study was conducted on 203 (144 women, 59 men) patients, aged 20-64 years, who were diagnosed with major depression at three psychiatry centers. Anthropometric measurements, demographic data, current health status, depression duration, drug use, eating habits, food craving status (Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait/FCQ-T), food consumption frequency, energy and nutrient intake and physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form/IPAQ) were evaluated. Depression duration, the frequency of antidepressant use and FCQ-T scores were higher in females than males. We found a positive correlation between FCQ-T score with the frequency of antidepressant use, depression duration and eating speed  (p < 0.05). Also, depression duration was negatively correlated with folate, vitamin B6, vitamin C and zinc (p < 0.05). Lastly, depression duration and FCQ-T were positively correlated with body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat (%) and fat tissue (kg) (p< 0.05). In addition, physical activity is a very important statement for FCQ-T scores. Both men and women, the risk of FCQ-T score who exercised for <600 Met-min/week were greater relative to that of those who exercised for ≥3000 Met-min/week. The results of this study showed that an inverse correlation between a number of nutrients intake and depression duration, antidepressant use or FCQ-T scores.  It also emphasizes the beneficial effects of habitual exercise participation on food cravings. Future research exploring the nutritional status of individuals with depression is warranted.
Preparation of two Cyclobutadiene-steroid derivatives Theoretical Analysis of its Interaction with the μ, d, and k Opiod-receptors
Authors: Lauro Figueroa-Valverde , Marcela Rosas-Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu-Armand , Francisco Diaz-Cedillo , Lenin Hau-Heredia , Maria Lopez-Ramos , Elodia Garcia-Cervera , Eduardo Pool-Gomez , Regina Cauich-Carrillo
Published: December 2018

The objective of this investigation was to develop two cyclobutadiene-steroid derivatives (compounds 6 or 7) to evaluate its theoretical interaction on µ, d, and k opioid-receptors. The synthesis of 6 or 7 was carried out using a series of reactions which involves. 1) addition/cyclization: 2) imination, 3) etherification and 4) oxy-functionalization. Chemical structure of all compounds was confirmed using elemental analysis and NMR spectra. In addition, a theoretical analysis on the interaction of compounds 6 or 7 with µ, d, and k opioid-receptors was evaluated using a docking model. The results showed that 6 or 7 may interact with different type of amino acids residues on surface of the µ, d, and k opioid-receptors. Other data, indicated that inhibition constant (Ki) involved in the interaction of compounds 6 or 7 with k receptor was less compared with the Ki present in the interaction with µ, d, receptors. These data indicated that 1) compounds 6 or 7 show a high affinity by k-receptor; 2) the cyclobutadiene analogs are particularly interesting, because these drugs may constitute a novel therapy for pain.
Enantiomeric Polylactide Blends in the Presence of Montmorillonite Clay
Authors: Cheerarot Onanong , Baimark Yodthong
Published: December 2018

The stereocomplex polylactides (scPLAs) of the asymmetric poly(L-lactide)(PLLA)/poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) ratios from 80:20 to 60:40 were prepared via the simple melt blending method using an internal mixer at 200°C. An organo-modified clay, Cloisite® 30B, was used for nanocomposite preparation. The formation of the stereocomplex and nanocomposite structures were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An increase in the PDLA content could enhance the stereocomplex formation. The presence of Cloisite®30B decreased the melting temperature and crystallinity of the blends. This was due to the thinner crystalline size generated and/or more disordered crystals.
HPLC Method of Analysis for Determination and Standardization of Luteolin and Vanillic Acid in Dry Extract of Paronychia Argentea Lam.
Authors: Y. Muti Hasan , Olimat Suleiman
Published: December 2018

The main objective of this study was to establish a chromatographic method for analysis, determination and standardization of the two main components vanillic acid and luteolin as major components in Paronychia argentea Lam dry extract. This analytical method was designed to be a simple and fast with an appropriate separation of the two main components of the extract. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of analysis was developed to quantitatively determine, identify and standardize the two main active constituents in the pharmaceutical dry extract against luteolin and vanillic acid as primary reference standards as it is the major active constituents of the dry extract of P. Argentea, where the linearity obtained was higher than R2 = 0.99981 and 0.99908 respectively. Although the method was proven to be suitable, further specific analysis validation was conducted to include the following: linearity, precision, range, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and filter compatibility. The luteolin and vanillic acid were completely separated from the other components in the herbal dry extract with an Rf value of 1.3 and 5.7 minutes respectively. The concentration of Luteolin is 0.4% while vanillic acid content is 0.1% in the dry extract.
Antagonistic Mechanism of Chalcone Derivatives Against Human Estrogen Alpha of Breast Cancer Using Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Muchtaridi Muchtaridi , Jajuli Muhammmad , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: December 2018

2’,4’-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylchalcone (ChalcEA) that isolated from Eugenia aquea Burm f. leaves has a potential anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). The objective of this study was to modify ChalcEA to increase its activity as an antagonist of breast cancer with computational simulation approach. A molecular docking simulation was done against the modification structure of ChalcEA with Autodock4 to determine binding interaction between ChalcEA and hERα receptor agonists (PDB ID 1g50). Subsequently, the structure with the smallest bond energy value from the docking result was simulated using molecular dynamics to see its stability within a certain time. The results of molecular docking showed that ChalcEA modification which has a phenol group and pyrazole (MK2) had the free binding energy (ΔG) with a value of -10.2 kcal/mol and bonding hydrogen with GLU353 and ARG394, while estradiol had a value of ΔG=-10.7 kcal/mol. Based on molecular dynamics results, the determination of binding energy was gained using MMPBSA (Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann and Surface Area) calculation methods. The MK2 has the better affinity than estradiol with a value of ΔGTotal=-45.10 kcal/mol, while estradiol was amounted to -40.86 kcal /mol. This study suggests that the MK2 might be potential as an antagonist to the hERα of breast cancer.
Emulsion Liquid Membrane Design in Vitro for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Zarandi Masoud Nasiri , Soltani Amirhossein
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction of lead by emulsion liquid membrane as an effective alternative to conventional lead extraction methods. The emulsion included D-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, paraffin and kerosene composition as an organic solvent, Span 80 as an emulsifier and sulfuric acid as an internal stripping phase. In this project, 7 effective factors in extraction of lead were chosen by emulsion liquid membrane, which included concentration of sulfuric acid in the internal phase, volume ratio of the emulsion to external phase (Rew), the ratio of organic phase to internal phase (Roi), initial pH of external phase, contact time of the emulsion and external phase, carrier concentration and concentration of surfactant in the membrane phase. After the initial experiments to make a stable emulsion, membrane phase mix (70% paraffin and 30% kerosene), homogenizer speed (12000 rpm) and mixer speed (309 rpm) were selected. The final experiments were designed by Taguchi statistical method. Optimization was done according to higher extraction rate and the effect of each of these factors and their optimal values as well as optimal conditions were determined. By verification test, it was shown that more than 92% of lead can be extracted from a solution with a concentration of 2000 ppm.
Technological Improvement Lithium Recovery Methods from Primary Resources
Authors: Bishimbayeva Gaukhar , Zhumabayeva Dinara , Zhandayev Nurlan , Nalibayeva Arailym , Shestakov Konstantin , Levanevsky Igor , Zhanabayeva Asem
Published: December 2018

This article reviews lithium recovery methods from primary resources and lithium raw materials processing methods. Lithium world reserves as well as deposits by countries are given. Summary of global market for and marketing of lithium raw materials are provided. The main lithium recovery methods from minerals (sulphate, lime, sulphuric) are shown. The data about obtaining in Kazakhstan an experimental sample of lithium carbonate from spodumene ore is provided.
Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Marine Origin: Novel Sunscreen Materials for Cosmeceutical Treatments
Authors: Helmi Rozaini Mohd Zul , Hamzah Habibah , Poh Wai Chia , Razali Mohd Hasmizam , M. Osman Uwaisulqarni , Tuan Anuar Sabiqah , Che Soh Siti Kamilah , Binti Ghazali Saidatul Radhiah , Ibrahim Nor Hayati , Fei low Chen , Rahmah Sharifah
Published: December 2018

Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl2which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.
A Potentiometric Studies of Ternary Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Ethylenediaamine-N,N,N1,N1-Tetraacetic Acid and Melonic Acid
Authors: Tomar Sapna , Sikarwar Padma
Published: December 2018

Potentiometeric investigation on the complex formation equilibria involving Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) & Zn(II) with ethylenediaamine-N,N,N1,N1-tetraacetic acid and melonic acid have been made in solution at three different temps viz. (150, 350, 450C). Important thermodynamic parameters namely, change in Gibb’s free energy (DG0), change in enthalpy (DH0) and change in entropy (DS0) and stability constant have been determined potentiometrically at ionic strength of 0.1 M (KNO3).
Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of Some Reduced Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Patil Udaysinha , Khan Asif , Nagarsekar Aarti , Mandewale Mustapha , Yamgar Ramesh
Published: December 2018

A series of N,N-substituted ethylene-1,2-diamine derivatives have been prepared from reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives and 1,2-diamine derivatives in the presence of NaBH4 through Schiff base intermediate. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities. Compound SB01, SB02 and SB09 displayed significant activity at MIC ranges from 0.40-6.25 µg/mL.
Graphene Nanosheets Effect to Improve CO-Tolerance of Pt/Graphene Nanosheets Catalyst
Authors: Sebayang Kerista , Siburian Rikson , Supeno Minto
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we concern about CO tolerance of Platinum (Pt)/Graphene Nanosheets (GNS) catalysts dependence of pH. The aim of this research is to investigate relationship between CO tolerance and Pt particle size base on pH dependence and also supporting material effect to CO-tolerance. The research method is modified Hummers and impregnation method to synthesize GNS and Pt/GNS catalysts, respectively. The results show that electrocatalytic measurements of Pt/GNS catalyst prepared at pH = 1 has the highest CO tolerance (69.4 %) under 500 ppm CO level in the hydrogen oxidation reaction among pH = 6, 12.5 and Pt/CB commercial catalyst. It means pH dependence and GNS may be expected to enhance electrocatalytic activity (CO tolerance) of Pt. Furthermore, GNS is possible used as an anode catalyst of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs).
Novel Green Synthesis of Graphene Layers using Zante Currants and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ansari Mohd Zaid , Lone Mohammad Nadeem , Sajid Shabana , Siddiqui Weqar Ahmad
Published: December 2018

The present work shows a facile route for the preparation of graphene layers and for the first time Zante currants extract used for the effective deoxygenation of graphene oxide has been reported. Zante currants (ZC) extract reduce effectively GO into few layered structures of graphene (FLG). The morphology of few layers graphene and graphene oxide (GO) were investigated by SEM and TEM. Reduction effect on graphene oxide confirm by other technique like Raman, FTIR, XRD and UV spectrophotometry. This procedure keep away the use of hazardous chemicals, thus providing a new hope for large scale production of chemically reduced graphene.
The Olive Core, a Promoter Material for the Adsorption of Dyes: Effects on Certain Parameters, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: El-Imache Ahde , Ouazzani Kamar
Published: December 2018

In this study, the Moroccan Olive Core (OC) was chosen for the preparation of a bio-adsorbent for the purpose of using it as a natural support to remove two synthetic dyes: Methyl Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. Tow adsorbent characterization techniques were used: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Influence of some parameters is studied to characterize the adsorption process: contact time (0-45 min), temperature (25 -100 °C) and initial concentration of MB and CV (10-30 mg.l-1). Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium. The equilibrium is perfectly described by the Freundlich model whose correlation coefficient is equal to 0.995 for MB and 0.991 for CV. Thermodynamic parameters were valued, and they showed that, for both dyes, the adsorption on MOC is endothermic and spontaneous.
Novel Nickel (II), Copper (II) and Cobalt (II) Complexes of Schiff Bases A, D and E: Preparation, Identification, Analytical and Electrochemical Survey
Authors: Al-Riyahee Ali A. A. , H. Hadadd Hanaa , H. Jaaz Baydaa
Published: December 2018

A novel set of Cobalt(II), Copper(II) and Nickel(II) complexes of ligands, (E)-2-(((2,5-difluorophenyl)imino) methyl)phenol (A), (E)-2,4-dibromo-1-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)anthracene-9,10-dione (D) & (Z)-1-((1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-bromoethylidene) amino)-2,4-dibromo anthracene-9,10-dione (E) were synthesized and characterized. Their structures were investigated on the basis of CHN, conductance measurements and spectral studies (H1-NMR & C13-NMR,FT-infrared and Electronic spectroscopies), cyclic voltammetry. It has observed from spectral and analytical studies that metal complexes have the composition of (ML2.X2) and one mole of ligand behaves as bidentate chelating agents around the corresponding metal ion. From solubility test, we obtained that metal complexes of ligands A, D and E had no ionic properties and dissolve partially in polar and slightly in nonpolar solvents. These results confirmed the behavior of metal complexes as weak electrolyte from their low value of molar conductivity. Conductance data and solubility test of the complexes enhanced them to be (1:2 M:L ratio). All data confirmed an octahedral geometry of these complexes and their structures as {[M (A, D or E)2(CH3COO)2], when M= Co or Ni} and {[Cu (A, D or E)2 Cl2]}. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were accomplished of Cobalt(II), Copper(II) and Nickel(II) complexes using Pt wire as counter electrode and Ag/AgNO3 as reference electrode and (Bu4N+PF6+) as supporting electrolyte. The result exhibit the irreversible process showing single one electron transfer process of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) complexes and unique quasi-reversible redox couple is attributed to Cu(II) complexes.
The Function of Cross Linker Carboxylic Acid for TiO2/Chitosan/SiO2 Coated as Self Cleaning Fabrics
Authors: Rilda Yetria , Syukri Syukri , Ferlinda Desi , Iasa Anessa , Agustien Anthoni
Published: December 2018

The chemical compound TiO2/Chitosan/SiO2 is a photocatalyst with a self- cleaning capability against dye contaminations. Morphologically, it has an anatase structure with 13.1 nm of crystallite size, spherical shape, and Eg = 3.209 eV as characterized by X-ray diffraction, TEM, and UV-DRS. The self-cleaning capability of TiO2/Chitosan/SiO2 against the malachite green dye spot was optimized using two carboxylic acid cross-linkers namely 1,2,3,4- Buthane Tetra Carboxylic Acid (BTCA) and Chloro Acetic Acid (CAA). The optimization in enhanced the growth of ester covalent interaction with the functional groups of textile fiber was performed gradually in CAA and directly in BTCA to produce a self-cleaning textile. The self-cleaning efficiency of cross-linker under the UV irradiation (536 lux for 60 min) was 96% and 69.96% in CAA and BTCA, respectively. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the ester covalent interaction among the cross-linker, cotton fiber, and TiO2/chitosan/SiO2 nanocluster could be determined by the intensity change of C=O stretching of the functional group at 1700-1710 cm-1. The intensity was higher in CAA (15.03%) than BTCA cross-link (12.04%). The superficial morphological feature of the cotton fiber as observed by SEM depicted that TiO2/chitosan/SiO2 particles were dispersed more evenly in the CAA than BTCA. The TiO2/chitosan/SiO2 nanocluster with a CAA cross-link is reliable to be used indesigning a high-quality self-cleaning textile.
A Comparative Study of Binding of Different Drugs on gp120: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Pandey Vishnudatt , Tiwari Gargi , Prasad Ojha Rajendra
Published: December 2018

HIV-I cellular infection triggered by CD4 receptor protein and viral envelop glycoprotein gp120 binding event. CD4:gp120 surface is directed by the contact points of a hydrophobic gp120 cavity capped by Phe43CD4 and ionic bonds residues Arg59CD4 and Asp368gp120. The binding sites originated by gp120 and CD4 interaction leads to the entry of HIV-I into the host membrane, where, gp120 and a CD4 binding site becomes the main mark for plenty of drug uncovering program. Here, we took the crystal structure of small-molecule of gp120 in a complex that concurrently pursues both of the hotspots of gp120 binding sites. All ligands in our study are small molecules that are able to obstruct the protein-protein interactions between CD4 and gp120. This study aims at the thermodynamical insights of the ligand binding in CD4 binding sites using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study and calculation of binding free energy. The physical of binding of drugs distinctly indicates a hydrophobic and electrostatics interaction motivated binding of ligands which explicitly mark CD4 binding sites.
Dispersion of SiO2 Nano Particles on Epoxy Based Polymer Nano Composites and its Characterization
Authors: Patel Krishan Kumar , Purohit Rajesh
Published: December 2018

In present work we developed and characterized the thermosetting epoxy polymer nano composites containing different weight percentage (wt. %) of SiO2 nano particles ranging from 1 to 4 wt. % were prepared through solvent casting route. grain analysis, FTIR, shape recovery, impact stress, tensile, flexural strength and hardness were studied. The properties of composites were improved at 3 wt. % SiO2 nano particles, further loading of nano particles beyond 3 wt. % properties goes to suppressed which may depends on the dispersion of particles within matrix. Shape recovery test was done in this epoxy which may open the new gate for low cost shape memory polymer as we can say novelty of this experiment. The distribution and size of nano particles in epoxy based polymer matrix were examined through AFM analysis finally outlined.
Benzethonium Chloride Catalyzed one Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles in Aqueous Ethanol As A Green Solvent
Authors: Parthiban D. , Karunakaran R. Joel
Published: December 2018

A simple, efficient procedure has been developed using N-cationic surfactant namely Benzethonium chloride (BzthCl, 10 mol%) as novel catalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles by condensation of aldehyde, ammonium acetate and benzil using EtOH-H2O (1:1) as a green solvent at 700C. Same reaction condition was applied successfully to demonstrate the synthesis of various 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstitued imidazoles using aromatic amine as fourth component. The use of benzethonium chloride as a catalyst with dual functionality as surfactant and ionic liquid catalyst is the main novelty of described method. The significant feature of this greener protocol includes high product yields, procedural simplicity and lesser reaction time.
Electrochemical Features of Symmetric and Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nanostructured Mn-Cuo Electrodes
Authors: Suresh R. , Tamilarasan K. , Senthil Vadivu D.
Published: December 2018

Progress in material science has unearthed a number of options that offer great advantages for nanostructured electrode materials which enable supercapacitors to operate efficiently. Present work involves fabrication of symmetric and asymmetric type supercapacitor devices utilizing Mn-CuO nanostructures and activated carbon (AC) as electrode materials and subsequent investigation on their supercapacitive performance in 2M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The asymmetric supercapacitor device (Mn-CuO // 2M KOH// AC) demonstrate a specific capacitance of 72 Fg-1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag-1. The cyclic stability test of this device performed at a current density of 10 Ag-1 reveals a capacitance retention of 71% of its initial value over 300 charge-discharge cycles. In addition, this device exhibits an energy density of 7.4 Whkg-1 and a power density of 127 Wkg-1.
Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Carboxymethyl-N-Methyl-N-Phenyl Dithiocarbamate
Authors: V. Kumar Lekshmi , Rathika Nath G.
Published: December 2018

Complexes of carboxymethyl-N-methyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamate (DTC) with cobalt(II), nickel((II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes were synthesized in 1:2 molar ratio with general formula [M(DTC)2],{M=Co(II)/Ni(II)/Cu(II)/Zn(II)} and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectra. The ligand structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The measured molar conductance values indicate the non-electrolytic nature of the metal complexes. The elemental analysis, infrared, electronic spectra and magnetic moment suggest that the coordination of DTC occurred through sulphur and oxygen atom as a bidentate. The cobalt(II) and zinc(II) complexes were found to coordinate in a tetrahedral geometry and complexes and nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes coordinate in a square planar geometry. Thermal analysis was carried out to ascertain the thermal stability of the metal complexes. By using powder XRD measurements, the lattice parameters, space group and grain size were determined. The scanning electron microscope images reveal the surface morphology of the metal complexes.
The Catalytic Performance of ZrO2-SO4 and Ni/ZrO2-SO4 Prepared from Commercial ZrO2 in Hydrocracking of LDPE Plastic Waste into Liquid Fuels
Authors: Kurnia Amin Amalia , Wijaya Karna , Trisunaryanti Wega
Published: December 2018

Catalytic activity and selectivity toward liquid fuels production of ZrO2, SZ, 0.5NiSZ, 1.0NiSZ, and 1.5NiSZ catalysts with different physicochemical properties, in hydrocracking process upon the second stage of sequential LDPE plastic conversion method after pyrolysis process, were examined. The hydrocracking reaction was carried out at 300°C under 20 mL/min of hydrogen gas flow for 1 h. Modifying commercial ZrO2 with sulfate and Ni enhances the acidity of catalyst, even though there is a decrease in surface area. The increase in acidity of catalyst results in the higher liquid fuels conversion. The presence of nickel reduces olefins content and aromatic content of liquid product, and also reduces coke formation. The highest liquid yield (44.32%) that composed by 66.25% fraction of gasoline is produced over 1.5NiSZ which has the highest catalyst acidity.
Operational Aspects of Silicon Oxidereduction Process and Their Effects on the Material and Thermal Flows Balance in Carbothermic Reactors
Authors: Nikolayevich Zobnin Nikolay , Mandryukov Gleb Vladimirovich , Kuzembaeva Ainur Abzelovna
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the influence of operational aspects on the performance of the reduction process in reactors with submerged electrical arc. Experiments were conducted in the large-scale laboratory conditions in one-electrode furnace with a capacity of 200 kVA at Chemical and Metallurgical Institute (Karaganda, Kazakhstan). Also limited industrial research in the furnace with the capacity of 30 MVA at LLP ‘Tau-KenTemir’ was conducted.In the process of the research, evidence was achieved that increasing the interval between the furnace top treatments up to 30 minutes, and achieving a balance between the material and thermal flows in a reactor allow increasing silicon yieldup to 10-15% minimum. Fluctuations in the phase currentstabilize. It was proved that on the basis of the concept of balancing it is possible to bringan industrial reactor out of complex crisis statesrather quickly.
Microwave Dielectric Measurements of 4-Nitroacetanilide at Different Temperatures in Carbon Tetrachloride Solution
Authors: Manro Chitra , Jain Ritu
Published: December 2018

The dielectric properties of 4-Nitroacetanilide have been discussed at four different temperatures in the dilute solution of carbon tetrachloride at a fixed frequency of 9.27GHz. The values of dielectric constant (εʹ), dielectric loss (εʺ), permittivity at an optical frequency (ε∞) and permittivity at a static frequency (ε0) are measured at different temperatures and mole fractions. The values of these dielectric parameters are used to calculate the values of relaxation time for overall molecular rotation (τ1), relaxation time for intramolecular rotation (τ2), most probable relaxation time (τ0) and dipole moment (μ) at different temperatures. In the present investigation we have found higher values of τ2 which indicate the existence of more than one relaxation process in the solution. The values of energy activation parameters for dielectric relaxation process (∆Fε, ∆Hε and ∆Sε) and viscous flow process (∆Fη, ∆Hη and ∆Sη) are also determined and compared for 4-Nitroacetanilide with carbon tetrachloride at different temperatures. It is observed that we may treat both the process as a rate process.
Synthesis, Characterization and Drug-Likeness Predictions of 1,3-Thiazole and Benzothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Naqvi Arshi
Published: December 2018

Heterocyclic compounds bearing nitrogen and sulphur in the main skeleton are reported to be a bioactive group. Thiazole and benzothiazole moieties are biologically significant class of this group. This research focus on the synthesis and characterization of 1,3-thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives. Drug likeness predictions were also undertaken for these newly synthesized compounds.
Synthesis Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Nickle Doped Tio2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Vershney Ritu , Chelaramani Komal , Bhardwaj Arpan , Siddiqui Nayma , Kumar Verma Suresh
Published: December 2018

The synthesis of Ni doped titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were achieved via simple novel sol gel technique, in which Titanium-n-butoxide and NiCl2 were taken as precursors. Effect of different wt% of dopant in TiO2 was studied on photocatalytic degradation of Aniline blue and Toluidine Blue. The study suggested the increased photocatalytic degradation with increased time duration. The synthesized samples were analyzed by surface electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction studies. The antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteriae. Studies revealed that on increasing the dopant concentration, the diameter of zone of inhibition also increased upto 1.5 wt%.
Numerical Simulation of Drop Formation in Power-Law Fluids
Authors: Hoseinzade Fahime , Ghorbani Hamid Reza
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this work was the study of the formation process of Newtonian drop in a continuous non-Newtonian fluid. This process was numerically studied by entering liquid into a submerged orifice in a cylindrical vessel. The simulations were carried out using SOLA-VOF method. In this code, the complete motion equations were predicted two dimensions and using finite difference method. In addition, power law model was used to simulate a non-Newtonian fluid. In this research, the effects of orifice diameter and Newtonian fluid flow rate were studied on the formation of the drop, size and its formation time.
The Modified of Cellulose Through Polyelectrolite Membrane Techniques as Adsorbent Candidate for Removing of Dyes
Authors: Hastuti Budi , Hadi Saptono
Published: December 2018

Disposal of dyestuff into rivers or other water can disrupt the aquatic biota ecosystem in it. Thus the pollution of dyes in the aquatic environment needs to be overcome. One effort to reduce the dye content in water is by making adsorbent membranes based of cellulose which are biomaterials of chitosan and alginate. This aims of study was to make polyelectrolyte membranes from chitosan and alginate which will be applied as adsorbents of textile dyestuffs. The research was done by mixing chitosan gel in 2,5% acetic acid solution with alginat gel in water for 3 hours stirring. The solution then was printed out into a polypropylene container and dried. The formed membrane was characterized using FTIR to identify functional groups, XRD and SEM to analyze their physical characteristic. The results showed that the Chi-Alg membrane adsorbent had stability and resistance to the acidic environment. Characterization results using FTIR showed that the adsorbent has functional group of amine, carboxyl and hydrogen that identify on wave number 1597 cm-1, 1635 cm-1 and 3000-3700 cm-1 respectively. The results of XRD show that the adsorbent was semi crystalline. Furthermore, SEM data shows a solid structure of the adsorbent.
‘Darkness Turned into Power’: Drag as resistance in the era of Trumpian reversal
Authors: Greenhalgh Ella
Published: December 2018

In ‘Darkness Turned to Power’ Ella Greenhalgh unearths the role of the contemporary drag queen as a force of revitalized queer resistance in the United States. Beginning by tracing the political, cultural and social impact that Donald Trump’s election campaign and presidency has had on queer Americans thus far, Greenhalgh demonstrates that it is Trump’s toxic masculinity that creates a context in which drag is more obviously defiant. The role of drag as an innately resistive and political art form is acknowledged in drag’s long history. However, Greenhalgh goes on to portray modern drag as having greater power in political activism, with a greater mainstream public interest due, most notably, to the television show RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present, US: Logo and VH1). Three queens who use their drag to oppose Trump in differing ways are considered. She finds resistance emerges through direct action, interpretive art and dance, social media presence and straight-up mockery. While highlighting that drag is antithetical to the conservative world-view that considers binaries fundamental, Greenhalgh notes the inherent limitations within drag’s rise to the mainstream, concluding that if drag is ‘darkness turned into power’, drag artists must use this power to fight inclusively against the common enemy.
(Trans)gendering public toilets: Queering toilet humour in South Park’s ‘The Cissy’
Authors: Robbins Andrew
Published: December 2018

This article reads South Park’s episode ‘The Cissy’, which aired in 2014, to consider broader social discourse about gendered public toilet segregation in America. A resurgent interest in policing the borders of public toilets has led to the development of ‘bathroom bill’ legislation in some states. Given the unique challenges that this causes for elementary schools, South Park’s take on the practice of gendered toileting is deemed a relevant text. This article argues that ‘The Cissy’ queers the animation series’ own framework of toilet humour by using the toilet and its boundaries as a vehicle through which to explicate a position of transgender rights.
Reviews
Authors: Elrod James M. , González Octavio R. , Schippert Claudia
Published: December 2018

The New Gay for Pay: The Sexual Politics of American Television Production, Julia Himberg (2017) Austin: University of Texas Press, 202 pp., ISBN 978-1-47731-359-6, h/bk, $90.00; ISBN 978-1-47731-360-2, p/bk, $29.95

From Drag Queens to Leathermen: Language, Gender and Gay Male Subcultures, Rusty Barrett (2017) New York: Oxford University Press, 274 pp., ISBN 978-0-19539-017-9, h/bk, $99.00; ISBN 978-0-19539-018-6, p/bk, $24.95

Television Antiheroines: Women Behaving Badly in Crime and Prison Drama, Milly Buonanno (ed.) (2017) Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, 295 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78320-760-2, p/bk, $45.00