bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Consumer Interactions With FinTech Services
Authors: Aloumi Dalal , Malik Sawsan , Alkhaldi Afnan , de Pablos Patricia Ordóñez
Published: August 2024

Factors influencing consumer interactions with financial technology (FinTech) services, and obstacles experienced by consumers that limit their use, are reviewed. The influence of trust, security, ease of use, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, convenience, and speed on FinTech adoption are reported. Of these influences, trust and security are paramount, with consumers requiring assurance that their personal data are protected, and that their transactions are safe. Ease of use, driven by user-friendly interfaces and smartphone technology, also significantly affect levels of consumer adoption. Accessibility and convenience of FinTech services on various devices broaden financial service reach and promote use. However, security concerns such as cyber-attacks and privacy issues limit FinTech adoption, as do regulatory uncertainties and a lack of personal interaction. Robust technological infrastructure and effective risk management are required to mitigate these limitations. Strategies to improve FinTech adoption include strengthening regulatory frameworks, investing in cybersecurity, promoting financial literacy, and enhancing customer support.
AI and the Environment
Authors: Singh Manvendra , Arora Vaishali , Kulshreshta Kushagra
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is heralding a new era in the fight against climate change, offering innovative tools and methodologies that significantly enhance our mitigation strategies. The capability of AI to predict, understand, and mitigate environmental impacts is unparalleled, providing a sophisticated edge in climate modeling, data processing, environmental monitoring, and resource optimization (Cowls, et al., 2023). AI offers transformative opportunities in the fight against climate change, providing sophisticated tools and methodologies to enhance mitigation strategies. From climate modeling and data processing to environmental monitoring and sustainable development, AI has the potential to revolutionize multiple sectors and significantly reduce our environmental impact.
Environment-Biodiversity Protection and SDG 15 (Life on Land)
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Jermsittiparsert Kittisak
Published: August 2024

Land ecosystems provide a range of products, such as food, energy, and construction materials, in addition to essential services like carbon sequestration, soil quality maintenance, habitat supply for biodiversity, water quality maintenance, water flow management, and erosion control. To maintain the diversity of life on land, targeted efforts that preserve, restore, and promote the preservation and sustainable use of terrestrial and other ecosystems are required. Preventing the loss of biodiversity, successfully halting desertification, stopping and reversing habitat and land degradation, and managing forests sustainably are the main objectives of SDG Goal 15. These ecosystems need to be protected in order to properly reduce and adapt to climate change. This chapter examines the potential and problems related to Sustainable Development Goal 15 (Life on Land) by examining the connections between the environment, legal frameworks, and biodiversity conservation.
Small Travel Agencies and Adoption of Digital Marketing
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Malhotra Prachi , Painuly Pramod Kumar , Kumar A. V. Senthil
Published: August 2024

Small travel agencies (STAs) play a pivotal role in the tourism sector but are facing an existential crisis due to the slow adoption of digital marketing. This study therefore explores the adoption of digital marketing among STAs, an entity whose perspectives do not find much place in the published academic literature. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to explore the factors that trigger the adoption of digital marketing among STAs. Themes were identified from the rich data collected from 25 owners or senior executives of STAs of India through semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study validated the role of digital marketing and its positive impact on organisational performance. The study offers insightful theoretical and practical implications.
The Effect of Combinations of Wall Materials on Encapsulation of Phenolic Contents from Extract of Clitoria ternatea
Authors: Chimsook Thitiphan
Published: August 2024

In our research, we demonstrate an innovative process for preserving polyphenolic compounds in a selected plant extract through a modified encapsulation technique. This can enhance preservation strategies and unlock potential industrial applications. The polyphenolic contents of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) were extracted using the reflux extraction method using distilled water as a solvent. The flower-to-solvent ratio was 1:20 w/v. The total phenolic contents of C. ternatea extract were evaluated. To keep the stability of the phenolic contents in C. ternatea extract, the encapsulates of extract were performed using different combinations of wall material. In preparation for encapsulation, sodium alginate was used as the main wall material, which cooperated with other wall materials including gum arabic, maltodextrin, and casein sodium salt. The encapsulation which was performed using 3.0% w/v of sodium alginate mixed with 1.0% w/v of gum arabic, and C. ternatea extract in 5.0% w/v of CaCl2 solution provided a smooth surface and spherical shape of the particles. However, the optimized condition of encapsulation of C. ternatea extract using the combinations of wall materials which reveal thermal stability and degradation of polyphenolics was performed using 3.0% w/v of sodium alginate mixed with 1.0% w/v of casein sodium salt, and C. ternatea extract in 5.0% w/v of CaCl2 solution. This condition exhibited the highest thermal stability at 205°C and offered the lowest polyphenol contents degradation at 2.76±0.52 gallic acid equivalents/100 mg dried bead. The average particle sizes of encapsulates using the three conditions of 3.0% w/v of sodium alginate mixed with 1.0% w/v of casein sodium salt, gum arabic, and maltodextrin were 1247, 977, and 1210 µm in diameter, respectively. This method would be an alternative way to prevent polyphenolic compound degradation and boost shelf life at high temperatures in many potential applications.
Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface, and Antibacterial Properties of [Ni(4-AP)4(NCS)2] (AP = Aminopyridine)
Authors: Choir Moch Robitul , Dwija Laksmana Sutandyo , Wijaya Husni Wahyu , Dasna I Wayan
Published: August 2024

Single crystal of [Ni(4-AP)4(NCS)2] complex compound has been obtained using solvothermal method at 70 °C for 15 hours (yield = 41%). Crystal structure of [Ni(4-AP)4(NCS)2] has a distorted octahedral structure with orthorhombic crystal system, Pccn space group, Z = 4, and a, b, and c values of 17.1091(5) Å, 9.6686 (3) Å, 16.1998 (5) Å. Hirshfeld Surface analysis shows that intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the complex compound comes from N–H∙∙∙∙N and N–H∙∙∙∙S. The intermolecular interactions are dominated by H---H, C---H/H---C, and H---S/S---H by 39.0%, 29.6%, and 24.7%, respectively. The relatively less contributions are N---H/H---N, S---C/C---S, and S---N/N---S at 6.3%, 0.2%, and 0.1%, respectively. The [Ni(4-AP)4(NCS)2] complex has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
4H-SiC Crystal Growth Using Recycled SiC Powder Source
Authors: Lee Seung Jun , Lee Chae Young , Choi Jung Woo , Park Jong Hwi , Kim Jung Gyu , Ku Kap Ryeol , Na Jun Hyuck , Lee Won Jae
Published: August 2024

A new method for reducing the cost and the fabrication time of source material required for SiC crystal growth has been proposed through a heat treatment of recycled powder bulk in this study. The actual crystal growth with using a conventional powder and a recycled powder bulk source has been performed under identical growth condition and then systematically compared in terms of the crystal quality. With applying the recycled powder bulk for SiC crystal growth, similar growth results were obtained as a result grown by conventional high-purity powder source. In terms of crystal defects, slight improvement was observed when high purity recycled powder bulk source was applied.
Polarity Effect on the Heteroepitaxial Growth of BxC on 4H-SiC by CVD
Authors: Cauwet François , Benamra Yamina , Auvray Laurent , Andrieux Jérôme , Ferro Gabriel
Published: August 2024

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of boron carbide (BxC) layers on 4H-SiC, 4°off substrates was studied. Depending on the polarity of the substrate, different results were obtained. On Si face, the direct CVD growth at 1600°C under a mixture of BCl3+C3H8 systematically led to polycrystalline BxC films, whatever the C/B ratio in the gas phase. On the C face, heteroepitaxial growth was obtained for C/B ratios = 12 or higher with a step bunched morphology. If a boridation step (10 min at 1200°C under BCl3 flow) was used before the CVD growth, then heteroepitaxy was successful on both substrate polarities. To explain these results, a mechanism is proposed which involves the nature of the chemical bonds at the early stage of nucleation. It is suggested that a full B coverage of the SiC surface should favor the nucleation of the B-rich (0001) plane of BxC, promoting thus the heteroepitaxial growth along this direction.
Enhancing Efficiency of the Minipe Left Bank Canal Irrigation System: A Strategic Approach
Authors: Silva U. H. M. S. , Ranwala S. , Nandalal K. D. W.
Published: August 2024

Minipe left bank canal faces a head-tail water imbalance due to insufficient water availability and inefficiency in water distribution. To address this issue, Minipe anicut is raised by 3.5m. Though ample water could be released, irrigation water would not be dispersed adequately along the canal due to mis-usage and mismanagement. The study aims to establish an operational pattern for the canal to deliver adequate water to the entire command area during both the Yala and Maha seasons. Simulation models were used to model the canal's operational pattern, including inflows and irrigation demands. Catchment areas, which bring water to the Minipe Left Bank canal, were delineated using ArcGIS software, and inflows were estimated using HEC-HMS software. Crop water requirements were estimated using CROPWAT program. A system simulation model developed usingWEAP software was used to simulate irrigation system operation. Nine management scenarios were evaluated, including introducing new cropping patterns, shifting sowing dates, increasing Minipe anicut discharges, and reducing the command area. The study found that introducing a 70% paddy crop pattern, advancing the sowing date by two weeks, and raising the Minipe anicut discharge by 15% significantly reduce unmet demands. Implementing these improvements could result in a 75% reduction in unmet demand.
A Comparative Study between Theoretical and Measured Performance of Standard Centrifugal Pumps Running as Turbines
Authors: Perera Suresh P.
Published: August 2024

High cost of custom-made conventional turbines and the lack of local manufacturing facilities have created significant obstacles to the development of Pico/micro hydroelectric schemes in the country. In this context it has been identified pump as turbine (PAT) electric schemes can have distinct advantages over conventional turbines because pumps are manufactured locally at mass scale and available in various sizes. But not all pumps are suitable for use as PAT because they have different design details and manufacturing qualities. The performance of a pump used as a turbine is assessed based on two primary parameters: turbine mode head and flow at the Best Efficiency Point (BEP). There are various methods available in the literature for predicting PAT theoretical head and flow at BEP. These methods aim to estimate how the pump will perform when used as a turbine. Despite these prediction methods, there is a consistent deviation of approximately ±20% between the theoretical estimates and the actual measured performance. This indicates that real-world conditions and factors not accounted for in theoretical models can significantly affect the performance of PAT systems. The primary objective of the present study was to measure the deviation between the actual performance and the predicted performance of two PAT systems in terms of head and flow at BEP. This deviation was then compared to the commonly mentioned figure of ±20% in the literature. The study focused on using what it considered to be the most accurate prediction method among those presented in the literature to estimate PAT head and flow at BEP and involved running reverse, 1.1 kW, and 1.6 kW direct-drive standard centrifugal type water pumps in a test rig to measure the actual performance of the two PATs. The results of the study showed a deviation of +27% and -22% between the actual measured head and flow at BEP, and the values predicted by the theoretical method. This deviation is slightly outside the commonly mentioned range of ±20% found in the literature, but this is not expected to have a detrimental effect on the generation of electric power. This implies that, even with the observed slight deviation, the prediction method used in this study can be satisfactorily employed to estimate PAT head and flow at BEP.
Transforming Sri Lankan Hotels: A Pilot Study on the Journey Towards Environmental Sustainability and Change Management
Authors: Kannangara P.D.C.T. , Shamil M.M. , Surangi H.A.K.N.S.
Published: August 2024

This article examines the implementation of Environmental Sustainability (ES) strategies in the Sri Lankan hotel industry, with a focus on the role of change champions. The study adapts a social constructionist approach and utilizes in-depth interviews and observations as research tools. Drawing on organizational change management theories, stakeholder theory, and the resource-based view, the research explores the purpose, constraints, change management, and contribution aspects of implementing environmental sustainability strategies in the hotel industry. The findings reveal the significance of change champions in facilitating the implementation of environmental sustainability strategies. Developing a culture for environmental sustainability, establishing effective communication channels, promoting ethical values, and implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks were identified as key roles of change champions. The study also identifies financial limitations, waste management challenges, leadership commitment, human capital development, and organizational behaviour as constraints for the implementation of environmental sustainability strategies. This study provides valuable insights for the hotel industry in formulating change management capabilities and leveraging change champions to achieve environmental sustainability goals. It contributes to the existing literature by discussing various types of environmental sustainability initiatives adapted by star-class hotels and addressing the challenges faced during their implementation. Additionally, the study offers guidance on implementing and managing an environmental sustainability governance framework (ESG) in the Sri Lankan hotel industry. The findings of this study can be utilized by hoteliers and other stakeholders in the industry to successfully implement environmental sustainability strategies and achieve strategic environmental sustainability objectives. By understanding the roles of change champions and addressing the identified constraints, hotels can enhance their environmental sustainability performance and contribute to a more sustainable future.
A study on how gender and stream of studies impact social intelligence of undergraduates in Sri Lanka
Authors: Muthukumar Vajra , Pratheesh Pretheeba , Ilyathambi Tharmika
Published: August 2024

Humans are masters at social interaction. The ability to make sense of other people's behavior is essential in people's daily functioning. As a result, they want to know that people's activities are motivated by aims and driven by motives. At present, it has been observed that undergraduates face many issues such as a lack of empathy, suicidal thoughts, and causing disturbances to the peace of the society. This dilemma highlights the need to study social intelligence, especially among undergraduates in Sri Lanka. The present study attempted to determine whether students from different genders and streams of studies show differences, in terms of social intelligence and its related components. The questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from 200 undergraduates from a selected university, in Sri Lanka which includes students from nine faculties. The research gathered responses from 182 students, which is 91%. Descriptive analysis was performed to identify the social intelligence among undergraduates regarding their gender and the subject stream. Inferential analysis was performed to identify the differences in social intelligence among undergraduates concerning their gender and subject stream. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the genders on their total score measuring spiritual intelligence dimensions of cooperativeness, confidence, patience, social environment recognition, tactfulness, memory, and sense of humor, but the genders did tend to differ in sensitivity dimension. It may be observed from the data that undergraduates in the Technology stream are more cooperative than students in other streams. Agriculture faculty undergraduates showed a higher level of confidence in contrast to other students. Commerce students showed more patient than students from other faculties. Nursing students are better than other faculty students at recognizing the social context. Undergraduates in Physical Science appeared to be more tactful than other students. Undergraduates in the Medical faculty displayed a strong sense of humor, while students in the Arts and Culture faculty were found to have a higher memory power than undergraduate students in other faculties.
Defining gamification: a systematic literature review for developing a process-oriented definition
Authors: Anuradhani Nilakshi , Yatigammana Kaushalya , Wijayarathna Gamini
Published: August 2024

Gamification has gained popularity as a technique to enhance engagement, motivation, and learning in non-gaming contexts. However, a clear and practical definition of gamification is essential for its successful application. This paper presents a systematic literature review of various definitions of gamification provided by researchers to derive a process-oriented definition. Here, the systematic literature review encompassed a comprehensive investigation of the available scholarly literature. The initial search yielded 10,100 publications. Subsequently, an exclusion process was employed to refine the dataset, resulting in the analysis of a final set of 22 papers selected for their relevance. The goal of the review is to help educators design gamification-based courses easily and effectively. By examining the various definitions of gamification, this study identifies the essential characteristics of gamification as a process that makes activities more game-like. The resulting process-oriented definition of gamification helps to build relevant theories and models for learning and design/training courses based on gamification. This paper contributes to the growth of gamification as a field by creating a better fit between academic and practitioner perspectives.
The Impact of Adopting Facebook on Developing Descriptive and Narrative Paragraph Writing Skills of ESL Young Adult Learners
Authors: Jayarathna D.
Published: August 2024

Facebook, as one of the popular social media sites worldwide and in Sri Lanka, has been highlighted as a powerful influencer on language learning. While Sri Lanka is working to modernize its paper-based traditional education system and follow global trends of incorporating technology and social media into teaching methods, Facebook use by students for learning reasons is a rarely explored area. The current study's problem stems from students' poor performance in English writing assessments and decreased interest in paper-based education. The objective of this study was to see how using Facebook assisted tertiary-level ESL students build descriptive and narrative paragraph writing skills. The study used an intervention research approach, with data obtained through pre and post-tests. The study included 60 intermediate-level ESL students from the University of Kelaniya who studied in the first-year "English for Social Sciences" course. Participants were chosen after the pre-test, and the experimental group's 30 students were taught for six weeks through a closed Facebook group, whereas the control group's 30 students were taught using paper-based method in regular classes. The similar lessons on descriptive and narrative paragraph writing were delivered to the students on the Facebook group and for the controlled group employing the conventional paper-based approach. The findings demonstrated statistically significant differences between scores of the controlled group and the experimental group, in favour of the experimental group subjected to Facebook learning, proving that Facebook is a modern arena that should be promoted as an appealing online platform to refine students' language skills.
Review on Morphological and Molecular Characterization for Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze var. sinensis) Breeding
Authors: Bandara M. M. N. T. , Nabadawewa E. M. A. P. , Alwis L. M. H. R. , Dahanayake N.
Published: August 2024

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the world’s second most consuming beverage and one of the major exporting plantation crops in Sri Lanka. Tea yield is highly influenced by weather conditions, shoot density, shoot weight and genetic factors which inherited by tea plants. Development of vegetative propagated cultivars has led to a genetic bottleneck condition in tea plantation. Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic variability through proper characterization for a successful breeding program. Morphological characterization is a cost-effective method and molecular characterization based on molecular markers such as RAPD and ISSR give more reliable data and it is a perfect method for the conservation of genetic resources. The genetic diversity of tea can be conserved ex-situ and in-situ in the fields and gene banks These approaches will reduce the time taken for conventional breeding of tea and aid in development of superior cultivars.
Bioethanol from Parthenium Hysterophorus Substrate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gnanasegaram A. , Kapilan R.
Published: August 2024

This study was aimed to determine the efficient part of the Parthenium hysterophorus plant as a substrate for bioethanol production and optimize fermentation conditions to enhance the yield. When different parts of Parthenium hysterophorus such as stem, leaves, roots, inflorescence, and whole plant were used as the substrate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, significantly higher quantities of bioethanol were produced with whole plant and leaves (1% V/V) than the other plant parts chosen. The entire plant was chosen as a substrate for bioethanol production to address its noxious weed status and simultaneously achieving economically efficient output, making its removal from agricultural land for economic gain. Fermentation conditions were optimized sequentially, changing one factor at a time while keeping other variables constant. The sequence of optimization is time of fermentation, amount of substrate, amount of yeast inoculum, pH of the media and the solution: air space ratio. The optimized fermentation time with the whole plant of Parthenium hysterophorus resulted in a 3 times higher ethanol yield on the 4th day of fermentation. When 12.5 g/100 mL amount of whole Parthenium hysterophorus plant substrate was used, the ethanol yield was significantly increased by 7.3 times, while using 5 g/100 mL of yeast inoculum resulted in a significantly higher yield. The pH of the media was optimized to 4.8, and the solution: air space ratio was optimized to 1:1.3 bioethanol output was significantly increased by 10 times. After optimizing all culture conditions, the bioethanol yield from the whole plant Parthenium hysterophorus substrate was significantly increased (10 times) than the non-optimized conditions.
Examining Paradigmatic Shifts: Unveiling the Philosophical Foundations Shaping Social Research Methodologies
Authors: Paudel P.
Published: August 2024

Research is a systematic process involving collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data using appropriate methods and tools to investigate a specific problem or question, leading to a deeper understanding of the issue. The framework and execution of research are inherently tied to the philosophical paradigms that underpin it. The philosophical paradigm in research encompasses fundamental elements, namely ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology, shaping the presumptions, norms, beliefs, and values inherent in the research process. This study aimed to delineate the shifts in philosophical perspectives within social research, utilizing content analysis. The examination and interpretation of document contents highlight the prevalence of positivist and post-positivist paradigms as traditional frameworks predominantly advocating quantitative research. In contrast, newer paradigms such as interpretivist/constructivist, critical, postmodern, and multiparadigmatic philosophies emphasize qualitative and mixed research designs advocate for qualitative and mixed methods research. This study highlights the significant influence of philosophical paradigms on research design and processes, emphasizing the need for researchers to understand these paradigms thoroughly. This understanding is crucial to ensure clarity, relevance, and authenticity in research. By delineating the shifts in philosophical perspectives within social research, this study provides valuable insights into how these paradigms shape research endeavors.
Impact of Uterine Fibroids on Perceived Health-Related Quality of Life among Women in Selected Tertiary Institutions across Nigeria: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Adekunle Akinola Lateef , Ehiabhi Okohue Jude , Alade Adewole Adebayo , Abisowo Oshodi Yusuf , Rebecca Akinajo Opeyemi , Chiedozie Anolue Fredrick , Adamu Ibrahim Saidu , Abubakar Kadas Saidu , Oladele Obajimi Gbolahan , Bukola Afolabi Bosede
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Uterine fibroids can be associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) when symptomatic. Our objective was to assess the severity of uterine fibroid symptoms (UFSs) and its impact on perceived HRQoL among women with uterine fibroids attending selected secondary and tertiary health institutions across Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective and questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Data collected included demographics, symptoms severity, medical/gynecological history, mental health status, perceived HRQoL, and myomectomy benefits. The study was conducted between May 1, 2019 and August 31, 2019, across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, namely: Northeast, Northwest, North Central, South–South, Southeast, and Southwest zones, including Lagos. A total of 464 women were interviewed.

Results:

The average age of the respondents was 37 years (range 18–59 years). About 81%–87% experienced UFS-related menstrual disorders, with 50% experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. Overall, up to 70% of the women indicated that UFS impacted their HRQoL, with the majority reporting moderate to severe impact across all domains, including concern (55.6 ± 26.6), control (54.3 ± 26.4), self-conscious (53.5 ± 27.3), energy/mood (52.1 ± 24.5), and sexual function (49.1 ± 26.4). About 75% reported improvements after myomectomy.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that a significant number of women with uterine fibroids had symptoms affecting their perceived HRQoL. Many of the respondents reported a decreased overall HRQoL with significant improvement after myomectomy. Early recourse to definitive care is therefore imperative in the quest to improve overall HRQoL, including reproductive health.
Assessment of Central Vault Changes induced By Cyclopentolate In Myopic Patients Implanted with the Implantable Phakic Contact Lens®
Authors: Elbakry Amr A. , Attia Manal A. , El Shiwy Hoda T. , Hassanein Ahmed , Sidky Mohamed K.
Published: August 2024

Background

A safe alternative to excimer laser in fixing high myopia is the implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL). Cycloplegics have been found to produce vault changes in the implantable collamer lens but not tested yet for the IPCL.

Purpose

To analyze central vault changes linked with instillation of cyclopentolate in myopic IPCL implanted patients and its association with anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupillary diameter, and white-to-white (WTW) diameter.

Patients and methods

This prospective study assessed the left eyes of 37 patients. Patients were followed up for 3 months postoperatively. The basic outcome measures were the safety and efficacy indices, while the main outcome was the vault measurements before and after cyclopentolate.

Results

Twenty (54.1%) females and 17 (45.9%) males, with a mean age of 24±4 years (18–32) were recruited. The safety index was 1.08±0.07 and the efficacy index was 0.99±0.1. There was a significant increase in central vault ‘V(C)’ after cyclopentolate [83.7±86.7 μm (−48 to 303); P<0.001). A good positive correlation existed between V(C) and ACD (r=0.7, P<0.001), and a fair correlation with pupil diameter (r=0.4, P=0.014), WTW (r=0.39, P=0.017), and the original vault ‘V(B)’ (r=0.34, P=004) was demonstrated.

Conclusion

Cyclopentolate induces an increase in central vault in most IPCL implanted myopic eyes, which is typically associated with ACD, pupillary diameter, WTW, and the original vault. Care should be advised to avoid angle narrowing.
Toric implantable phakic contact lens versus bioptics for the correction of moderate to high myopia and astigmatism
Authors: Elbakry Amr A. , Sobhi Rania M. , Hassanein Ahmed , El Shiwy Hoda T.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare refractive and visual outcomes and patient satisfaction of toric implantable phakic contact lens (T-IPCL) versus bioptics (IPCL followed by femtosecond laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis) in myopia (moderate to high) with astigmatism.

Patients and methods

A total of 13 eyes underwent T-IPCL implantation, and 11 eyes were corrected using bioptics. Complications, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, refraction, safety, efficacy, predictability, tear-film break-up time, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction were assessed 6 months postoperatively.

Results

No complications were reported. Mean spherical equivalent was −0.62±0.49 D in T-IPCL and −0.55±0.26 D in the bioptics group (P=0.464). In 10 (76.9%) eyes of T-IPCL and 11 (100%) eyes of bioptics, the spherical equivalent and astigmatism were within ±1 D, respectively. A significantly better astigmatic correction was demonstrated in the bioptics group as confirmed by vector analysis (P<0.001). Loss of lines was not reported; both uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities improved significantly (P<0.05), with no significant differences (P>0.05). Safety indices were 1.15±0.08 and 1.1±0.09 and efficacy indices were 1.04±0.11 and 1.03±0.06 in T-IPCL and bioptics groups, respectively, which were insignificant. The contrast sensitivity and tear-film break-up time were significantly better in the T-IPCL group (P<0.001). Distant vision satisfaction was better in the bioptics group, whereas glare, halos, and dry eye satisfaction were better in the T-IPCL group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Both T-IPCL and bioptics can successfully correct moderate to high myopia with astigmatism. The T-IPCL carries better optical quality with less glare, halos, and dry eye. Bioptics gives better astigmatic correction and distant vision satisfaction but carries the risk of a second surgical intervention.
Evaluation of diabetic macular edema by using optical coherence tomography in patients underwent combined phacoemulsification and intravitreal ranibizumab injection versus patients underwent sequential intravitreal ranibizumab injection and phacoemulsification: an observational study
Authors: El-Behaidy Mohamed T. , Mohamed Ezz Eldein G. , Dabour Sherif A. , Al-Naimy Mohammed A. , Elhiny Rasha S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare combined phacoemulsification and intravitreal Ranibizumab (RBZ) injection versus sequential Intravitreal Raibizumab injection and phacoemulsification on the progression of diabetic macular edema (DME) both clinically (through best corrected visual acuity) and by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Setting and design

This observational study was conducted in October 6 University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology.

Patient and methods

Patients with non-ischemic diabetic macular edema (DME); along with, clinically significant cataract were randomly divided into two groups. Both groups received three intravitreal 0.5 mg/0.05 ml RBZ injections on monthly basis. Group (I), received the first dose combined with phacoemulsification followed by the other two injections, one and two months postoperatively. Group (II), received the first dose two weeks before phacoemulsification followed by the other two injections, one and two months from the first one.

Results

The baseline mean central macular thickness (CMT) was comparable in both groups (P>0.05); however, the CMT one month after the third injection was 261±36 µm for Group (II) vs 320±65 µm for Group (I), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Both study groups were comparable regarding the baseline mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P>0.05); however, the mean BCVA at the end of follow-up was 0.32±0.23 LogMAR for Group (II) vs 0.50±0.19 LogMAR for Group (I), which was statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Intravitreal RBZ injection has a significant clinical improving effect on both CMT and BCVA in diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing phacoemulsification; although, it is preferred to inject a single intravitreal injection two weeks before phacoemulsification to reach its peak effect in counteracting the high levels of VEGF released during the surgery.
Cauterized conjunctival autograft with and without mitomycin C in primary pterygium surgery
Authors: Enany Hesham A. , Elsayed Tamer G. , Dessouky Reem A.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To compare between the outcomes of cauterized conjunctival autograft (CA) with and without mitomycin C (MMC) in primary pterygium surgery.

Patients and methods

This prospective interventional comparative study included 50 eyes in 50 patients with primary pterygium. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups: group 1 underwent pterygium excision with cauterized CA fixation, and group 2 underwent pterygium excision with cauterized CA fixation and intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for 3 min. All patients underwent a preoperative, first day, first week, first month, third month, and sixth month postoperative ophthalmic examination. Any intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Primary outcomes were reported as incidence of recurrence and any major (sight threatening) complications. Secondary outcomes were reported as any minor complications.

Results

A total of 50 patients (28 males and 22 females, with male to female ratio 1 : 1.3) were included in this study. Complications encountered in our study included recurrence of pterygium, which occurred in one (4%) eye in group 1 and 0 eyes in group 2. Two (8%) eyes in group 1 versus one (4%) eye in group 2 showed subconjunctival hemorrhage, one (4%) eye in group 2 showed focal scleral thinning, and one (4%) eye in group 2 showed a corneal epithelial defect. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of any complication (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Cauterized CA without MMC is a safe and effective procedure for the surgical treatment of primary pterygium. There was no added benefit to intraoperative MMC application.
Comparison between MyoRing and 355°KERATACx in the management of keratoconus
Authors: Edrees Eman S.M. , Zaher Fekry M.F. , Assaf Ahmed H.S. , Yousef Mohamed O. , Ebeid Ahmed A.A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Intracorneal implants have been proposed over the years as a possible easier way for managing keratoconus, having a favorable influence on the course of the disease. KERATACx is a relatively new form of intracorneal ring segments that has been recently introduced but not thoroughly studied regarding its safety and efficacy. Moreover, implanting a complete intrastromal ring into a corneal pocket, MyoRing (Dioptex GmbH, Austria), is an alternative technique, which can be considered safe, effective, and relatively easy for the treatment of keratoconus.

Aim

To compare between the effect of MyoRing and KERATACx corneal implants as new modalities of treatment on the visual acuity, as well as assess corneal topography findings in cases with moderate to severe keratoconus.

Patients and methods

Our study is a prospective comparative study conducted at specialized eye centers in Cairo. A total of 20 keratoconic eyes were eventually recruited. Overall, 10 of those eyes had 355° intracorneal ring segment implants (KERATACx ring segments) inserted into a femtosecond laser-created corneal tunnel at a depth of 75% of the thinnest location at the proposed tunnel site (group A), whereas the other 10 eyes had complete ring (MyoRing) implantation into a femtosecond laser-created corneal pocket at a 300-μm corneal depth (group B), by the same designated surgeon. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ain-Shams University.

Results

Both types were proven to be statistically effective, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups related to any of the followed up parameters. In fact, both proved safe, effective, and reliable methods for managing keratoconus, with no difference of importance even to the degree of myopic refractive error correction. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications reported within both groups throughout the whole study and follow-up period, but in turn, stability of the achieved results was found in both groups.

Conclusion

Both MyoRing and KERATACx were found to be equally effective, safe, and reliable methods for keratoconus management.
Studying the effect of preoperative topical antibiotic drops on anterior chamber contamination after phacoemulsification
Authors: Elashri Mohammed , Ghazy Amany A. , Elkemary Nesma M. , Sadik Nashwa , Eissa Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Despite the application of aseptic protocols and the technical improvements of intraocular surgery, acute endophthalmitis is still noticed after cataract surgery. Presurgical prophylaxis was suggested to reduce the incidence of postcataract endophthalmitis. However, there is no clear protocol to follow.

Aim

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative topical antibiotics on anterior segment contamination in patients with cataract after phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy.

Patients, methods, and analysis

The study enrolled 55 patients who underwent phacoemulsification or phacotrabeculectomy and intraocular lens implantation; 28 patients have used preoperative antibiotic drops (moxifloxacin 0.3%), and 27 patients did not use antibiotics. Anterior chamber (AC) aspirates were collected to determine the anterior segment microbial profile using microscopic examination and microbial cultures.

Results

All AC aspirates (100%) of the first group did not show any microbial growth on any culture media. However, bacterial growth was noted in three (11.1%) aspirates of the second group when cultured on blood, chocolate agar, and thioglycolate broth. Microscopic examination revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. All aspirates did not show any growth on Sabouraud dextrose agar. All patients were followed up after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Their ophthalmologic examinations were free of any abnormities.

Conclusion

Despite taking all the precautionary measures dictated by best practice guidelines for cataract surgery, there is minimal risk of AC bacterial contamination. Thus, the application of preoperative topical antibiotic drops is recommended for all cases.
Efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic activation on irrigant penetration in different tapered preparations: An in vitro study
Authors: Sowmya M. Rama , Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Solete Pradeep , Choudhari Sahil , Antony S Delphine Priscilla , Mustafa Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The present study aims to evaluate the irrigant penetration in extracted single-rooted teeth using various irrigant activation systems in different tapered preparations.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-four single-rooted teeth were selected for the present study. They were standardized at the level of cementoenamel junction and shaped to 30 size using 4% and 6% taper rotary instruments under a standard irrigation regimen. Once the complete root canal preparations were done based on activation protocols, they were divided into four groups as Group 1: Four percent preparation sonic activation (n = 31), Group 2: Six percent preparation sonic activation (n = 31), Group 3: Four percent preparation ultrasonic activation (n = 31), and Group 4: Six percent preparation ultrasonic activation (n = 31). A radiopaque solution in conjunction with radiography was utilized to evaluate the penetration of irrigants into the canal. Radiographs were taken after dye injection to measure the length of irrigant penetration in each technique. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey tests were performed.

Results:

The results of the study revealed that ultrasonic activation after 6% taper instrumentation was better followed by ultrasonic activation after 4% taper instrumentation (P < 0.05). The results revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the irrigation techniques.

Conclusion:

Ultrasonic irrigant activation proved to be a better and an effective technique for cleaning the root canal.
Solid ovarian tumor: A diagnostic and management dilemma
Authors: Naik Sejal Rahul , Jinjala Sonal Dahyabhai
Published: August 2024

Pure Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs) are an uncommon type of ovarian sex cord–stromal tumor. The variety of symptoms, solid in nature and different histopathological presentation make it difficult the proper diagnosis and optimal treatment regimens in such tumor. Due to nonspecific clinical appearance, diagnosis is mistaken by ultrasound as fibroid or uterine mass. Intraoperative surprises and suspicious for malignancy due to the solid nature of the tumor lead to surgical management dilemma. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination only. The prognosis is excellent as most are detected in the early stages and surgical management is often curative in most cases. In this case, a 22 year old unmarried female presented to us with irregular periods for 5 years. Her trans-abdominal ultrasound revealed a solid hypoechoic mass of 5 x 6 centimeter size, in close approximate to the uterus on the right side, with probable diagnosis of broad ligament fibroid. On operative laparoscopy, uterus and left ovary was normal, the mass was originated from the right ovary, which was removed and its histopathological and immunohistochemistry report shows elevated alpha inhibin and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF 1) (Sex cord stromal marker) which is suggestive pure Sertoli cell tumor. There was no family/personal history of malignancy. She was treated with surgical resection and remains clear of disease. Prognostic indicators for SCTs include degree and type of heterologous element differentiation. Thorough characterization of such elements is crucial for adequate diagnosis and treatment.
Interesting case of uterine inversion-managed laparoscopically
Authors: Shah Nitin , Changede Pradnya Rajendra , Joshi Aditi , Patil Rohini , Patil Charudatta , Dudhwala Bhavik
Published: August 2024

32-year-old unmarried woman presented with complaints of severe abdominal pain for 2 hours. The pain was sudden in origin, continuous in nature associated with giddiness and vomiting. She had got her menses a day prior , bleeding was heavy with passage of clots. She had menorrhagia for 5 months. On examination, pulse was 112 beats per minute, blood pressure was 100/60mmHg, severe pallor was present. On per vagina examination large fleshy mass was seen protruding in the vagina, cervix was not seen. On per vaginal examination, a globular mass was felt, while cervix could not be palpated separately. Uterine fundus was not palpable. A provisional diagnosis of Uterine inversion was made with a probable prolapsed fibroid or polyp. MRI pelvis confirmed the diagnosis. Her haemoglobin was 5 gm%, and coagulation profile was normal. On laparoscopy, uterine fundus was not visible, the fallopian tubes and ovaries seemed to be pulled into the vagina. Vasopressin was injected and incision was taken on posterior uterine wall (Haultain’s method ) to correct inversion. The uterine walls were slowly pulled upwards using tissue grasping forceps. The myoma was seen after incising the uterine walls. Myoma screw was used to completely enucleate the myoma from uterine bed. The bleeders in myoma bed were coagulated. Posterior uterine wall was sutured using barbed sutures. Bilateral round ligaments were plicated to provide additional strength. An adhesion barrier was placed over the sutured uterine wall to prevent adhesions. She received a total of 4 units of whole blood and 4 units of fresh frozen plasma. She was discharged on day 5 post surgery. Her post-operative course was uneventful. We are presenting this case due to its rare presentation in unmarried female and laparoscopic management of this case by Haultain’s method.
Prognostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers in Predicting Neurological Outcomes in Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries: An Observational Study
Authors: Negi Nidhi , Sharma Anil , Joshi Mrinal
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to predict the prognostic value of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in predicting neurological outcomes in post-traumatic cervical spinal injuries (cord compression, cord oedema and cord haemorrhage) and to assess the neurological outcomes using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 55 patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) were recruited; history and neurological examination of the patient was done along with classifications of SCI according to ASIA after the assessment of vital parameters. MRI scan of cervical spine was done and certain parameters like presence or absence of haematoma, maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC), maximum canal compression (MCC) and lesion length were measured. Follow-up of neurological recovery was done on the 15th, 30th and 45th days and recorded in ASIA pro forma. Further to determine the correlation between MRI parameters and neurological recovery, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.

Results:

Lesion length is statistically significant (P-value <0.05) for Asia Impairement Scale improvement at day 15, day 45, also significant for total sensory score and motor score on day 15 and shows significant for total sensory score on day 30, day 45. The presence of haematoma is statistically significant (P < 0.05) for total sensory score at day 30 and day 45, whereas MSCC and haematoma are statistically significant (<0.05) for total pinprick score at day 45.

Discussion:

Lesion length remains the most important predictor for neurological recovery after cervical spine trauma; however, haematoma and MSCC are potential predictors for neurological recovery and change in ASIA score. The study was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2022/07/044163).