bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights from elastic thermobarometry into exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Syros, Greece
Authors: Cisneros Miguel , Barnes Jaime D. , Behr Whitney M. , Kotowski Alissa J. , Stockli Daniel F. , Soukis Konstantinos
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Retrograde metamorphic rocks provide key insights into the pressure–temperature (P–T) evolution of exhumed material, and resultant P–T constraints have direct implications for the mechanical and thermal conditions of subduction interfaces. However, constraining P–T conditions of retrograde metamorphic rocks has historically been challenging and has resulted in debate about the conditions experienced by these rocks. In this work, we combine elastic thermobarometry with oxygen isotope thermometry to quantify the P–T evolution of retrograde metamorphic rocks of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU), an exhumed subduction complex exposed on Syros, Greece. We employ quartz-in-garnet and quartz-in-epidote barometry to constrain pressures of garnet and epidote growth near peak subduction conditions and during exhumation, respectively. Oxygen isotope thermometry of quartz and calcite within boudin necks was used to estimate temperatures during exhumation and to refine pressure estimates. Three distinct pressure groups are related to different metamorphic events and fabrics: high-pressure garnet growth at ∼1.4–1.7 GPa between 500–550 ∘C, retrograde epidote growth at ∼1.3–1.5 GPa between 400–500 ∘C, and a second stage of retrograde epidote growth at ∼1.0 GPa and 400 ∘C. These results are consistent with different stages of deformation inferred from field and microstructural observations, recording prograde subduction to blueschist–eclogite facies and subsequent retrogression under blueschist–greenschist facies conditions. Our new results indicate that the CBU experienced cooling during decompression after reaching maximum high-pressure–low-temperature conditions. These P–T conditions and structural observations are consistent with exhumation and cooling within the subduction channel in proximity to the refrigerating subducting plate, prior to Miocene core-complex formation. This study also illustrates the potential of using elastic thermobarometry in combination with structural and microstructural constraints, to better understand the P–T-deformation conditions of retrograde mineral growth in high-pressure–low-temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic terranes.
Statistical emulation of a perturbed basal melt ensemble of an ice sheet model to better quantify Antarctic sea level rise uncertainties
Authors: Berdahl Mira , Leguy Gunter , Lipscomb William H. , Urban Nathan M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Antarctic ice shelves are vulnerable to warming ocean temperatures, and some have already begun thinning in response to increased basal melt rates.
Sea level is therefore expected to rise due to Antarctic contributions, but uncertainties in its amount and timing remain largely unquantified. In particular, there is substantial uncertainty in future basal melt rates arising from multi-model differences in thermal forcing and how melt rates depend on that thermal forcing. To facilitate uncertainty quantification in sea level rise projections, we build, validate, and demonstrate projections from a computationally efficient statistical emulator of a high-resolution (4 km) Antarctic ice sheet model, the Community Ice Sheet Model version 2.1. The emulator is trained to a large (500-member) ensemble of 200-year-long 4 km resolution transient ice sheet simulations, whereby regional basal melt rates are perturbed by idealized (yet physically informed) trajectories. The main advantage of our emulation approach is that by sampling a wide range of possible basal melt trajectories, the emulator can be used to (1) produce probabilistic sea level rise projections over much larger Monte Carlo ensembles than are possible by direct numerical simulation alone, thereby providing better statistical characterization of uncertainties, and (2) predict the simulated ice sheet response under differing assumptions about basal melt characteristics as new oceanographic studies are published, without having to run additional numerical ice sheet simulations. As a proof of concept, we propagate uncertainties about future basal melt rate trajectories, derived from regional ocean models, to generate probabilistic sea level rise estimates for 100 and 200 years into the future.
Global properties of a virus dynamics model with self-proliferation of CTLs
Authors: Jiang Cuicui , Kong Huan , Zhang Guohong , Wang Kaifa
Published: June 2021

A viral infection model with self-proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is proposed and its global dynamics is obtained. When the per capita self-proliferation rate of CTLs is sufficient large, an infection-free but immunity-activated equilibrium always exists and is globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number of virus is less than a threshold value, which means that the immune effect still exists though virus be eliminated. Qualitative numerical simulations further indicate that the increase of per capita self-proliferation rate may lead to more severe infection outcome, which may provide insight into the failure of immune therapy.
A COVID-19 epidemic model predicting the effectiveness of vaccination
Authors: Webb Glenn
Published: June 2021

A model of a COVID-19 epidemic is developed to predict the effectiveness of vaccination. The model incorporates key features of COVID-19 epidemics: asymptomatic and symptomatic infectiousness, reported and unreported cases, and social measures that decrease infection transmission. The model incorporates key features of vaccination: vaccination efficiency, vaccination scheduling, and relaxation of social measures that decrease infection transmission as vaccination is implemented. The model is applied to predict vaccination effectiveness in the United Kingdom.
A Study of Changes of Physical Functions According to Changes in Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Elderly People Who Participated in an Exercise Program
Authors: Kimura Noriko , Maeshima Etsuko , Tomokane Sayaka , Ikeshima Akiko , Maeda Megumi , Takimoto Masaki , Mishima Takaaki
Published: June 2021

Although it is known that physical function differs depending on the state of cognitive function, there are no studies that consider changes in cognitive functions when evaluating physical functions of participants before and after an exercise program. In this study, it was observed changes in cognitive function and physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program for 6 months, and examined changes in physical functions that took into account changes in cognitive functions. Forty-nine participants, whose cognitive and physical functions were both measured before and after the exercise program, were included in the analysis. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used to assess participants' cognitive function and to determine whether they had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To assess physical functions, a battery of physical tests was completed. Participants were classified into four groups (before/after; non-MCI/non-MCI, MCI/MCI, non-MCI/MCI, and MCI/non-MCI) according to the changes in cognitive functions after six months. There was no significant difference in the physical functions of the four groups before the start of the program. When changes in physical functions were examined in each group, some changes in physical functions were observed in the groups other than the non-MCI/MCI group. However, there was no significant difference in the physical functions between the four groups after the program. It was suggested that changes in physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program over a 6-month period were not different due to changes in cognitive functions.
Challenges faced in online education of school going children – a parent’s perspective
Authors: Lakshmi K.S , Pathak Vidhi , Semwal Himani , Pramod Anupama
Published: June 2021

The pandemic COVID 19 had resulted in the lockdown of the entire world. With different parts of the world indulging in different phases of lockdown, many sectors of the economy suffered a huge setback. One such sector was the education. The schools were the first to close, owing the danger of the spread of the disease. But the boon for the classes came in the form of use of video conferencing apps like Zoom, Google meetings, cisco WebEx etc. Some schools used to send the videos that they shoot to the parents. This way it was ensured that the pedagogy and learning was not affected in any way. But the entire problem of how effective was the online learning is seen from a parent’s perspective as it was their onus. This research article based on a qualitative thematic analysis takes the views of the parents of school going children in the form of semi structures interviews conducted amongst seven parents and the challenges that they are facing due the online classes. The scope for the further studies has also been dealt with.
TRUST- BASED MODELING MAC-TYPE ACCESS CONTROL THROUGH ACCESS AND ACTIONS CONTROL POLICIES
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Danilescu Marcel , Besliu Victor ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2021

In recent decades, the number of researches on access control and user actions in computer systems has increased. Over time, there have been two models of implementing Mandatory Access Control (MAC) policies for government institutions and Discretionary Access Control (DAC) for the business environment, policies that various access control modeling solutions seek to implement. Among the access control modeling solutions developed are Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), presented in the U.S.A. by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST). In Romania, in 2010, the access control solution based on trust was presented. This paper presents Mandatory Access Control policy modeling using the trust-based access and actions control modeling solution.
PETRI NETS MODELING FOR SDN TOPOLOGIES
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Ameen Ali , Gutuleac Emilian ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The article examines some new algorithms and focuses mainly on suggesting new working topologies for software-defined controllers in order to ensure SDN security and to prevent the occurrence of a potential central point of failure (SPOF) by overcoming the centralization problem. This is a positive feature of the SDN structure, but could also be a threat, caused by the use of several controllers in different working topologies. This article focuses on exactly one of the suggested topologies, which features and models based on the Petri Nets system. The usual topology of a single controller is compared to verify the advantages and privileges of the proposed serial topology over the existing one. The paper tries to obtain a formula from the modeling of the serial topology and its advantages over the usual topology and that formula will be used to measure the level of security or the defense capacity of the network defined by the software against cyber attacks; in particular, denial of service attacks / distributed denial of service attacks / DDoS.
SWOT PRINCIPLE IN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Grama Vasile , Avanzi Agostino ,   Idrostudi, c/o Area Science Park, Italy, Nistor-Lopatenco Livia ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2021

An analysis of global statistics shows a substantial increase in flood damage over the past few decades. With the recent transition to a more risk-based approach in European flood management policy, flood analysis models have become an important part of flood risk management. In many cases, flood damages are extensive to the environment, to the economy and also socially. According to the priority development trend "Infrastructure and Environment", Ungheni district of Republic of Moldova (RM) aims for an efficient infrastructure, based on environmental protection, whose development, operation and maintenance will be done using of a database, protocols, existing guides and accessible to the level of each local public administration. In the last decade, projects have been implemented in Moldova to study the phenomenon of floods in order to develop structural and non-structural measures to protect localities. This article aims is to systematize the existing knowledge and characteristics of the methods available to give operational recommendations and principles that can support authorities, local entities, and the stakeholders involved in decision-making with regard to flood risk management in their compliance with the Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), national and local legal framework.
THE INFLUENCE OF DISTILLATION METHODS ON THE FLAVOR PROFILE AND QUALITY INDICES OF WINE BRANDIES
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Balanuta Anatol , Covaci Ecaterina , ,   Technical University of Moldova, Sclifos Aliona ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The article examines the geographical area delimited for the production of the Divine and the specific characteristics and physical-geographical conditions of the Călărași vineyard through the prism of different methods of distillation and production of wine distillates. Technological regimes for distilling wine raw materials and organoleptic and physico-chemical indices such as: alcohol content, optical density, pH, aldehyde content, higher alcohol content and volatile acid content are scientifically argued. The quality indicators were determined for both wines and distillates obtained at the 'Charente' batch plant and the 'VAND-M-0' plant. The impact of the distillation method on the quality and production process of the wine distillate is evaluated.
The Beth Shean Valley and its Vicinity in the 10th Century BCE
Authors: Mazar Amihai
Published: June 2021

This article brings together results of archaeological explorations related to the 10th century BCE in the Beth Shean Valley, with emphasis on the excavations at Tel Beth Shean and Tel Reḥov. The evidence is evaluated in light of two transitions that occurred during this century: from the Iron Age I to the early Iron Age IIA and from the early Iron Age IIA to the late Iron Age IIA.
The Emergence of Early Phoenicia
Authors: Lehmann Gunnar
Published: June 2021

The transition from the Iron Age I to the Iron Age IIA during the 10th century BCE was a period of profound political and socio-economic transformations in the Levant. One of these developments was the emergence of early Phoenicia. In its course, Phoenicia emanated as an interface of international exchange connecting Mediterranean and continental economies of the Levant. This had a profound impact on the societies of the Southern Levant in general and ancient Israel in particular. Phoenician influence was not just marginal for the history of ancient Israel but developed into an integral component of Israelite economic and political history.
Rethinking the Social Complexity of Early Iron Age Nomads
Authors: Ben-Yosef Erez
Published: June 2021

Recent evidence from the Aravah Valley challenges the prevailing assumption that Bedouin ethnography and inferences from ancient Near Eastern archives can adequately compensate for the archaeological lacuna in the study of biblical-era nomads. The evidence indicates that nomadic social organization at the turn of the 1st millennium BCE could have been – and in at least one case was – far more complex than ever considered before. This paper discusses the implications of the now extended spectrum of possible interpretations of nomads to the archaeological discourse on early Iron Age state formation processes in the Southern Levant.
Теоретическая и прикладная экология и антэкология в аграрном природопользовании
Authors: Иванов Евгений Сергеевич , Кочуров Борис Иванович , Муртазов Андрей Константинович , Бирюкова Елена Вадимовна
Published: June 2021

Антэкология и прикладная экология опираются на общие законы экологии. Несмотря на многочисленность публикаций по этой проблематике, практически отсутствуют исследования действия некоторых законов, аксиом и постулатов общей экологии в сфере антэкологии и аграрного природопользования. Целью исследования явилось обоснование перспективности действия некоторых законов, аксиом и постулатов общей экологии в сфере кофункционирования энтомофильных и анемофильных агробиоценозов, естественных экосистем и сообществ перепончатокрылых специализированных насекомых-опылителей в антэкологии, прикладной антэкологии и аграрном природопользовании. Особое внимание уделено нормированному взаимообусловленному функционированию перекрёстноопыляющихся культур и антофильных насекомых-опылителей, как фактору получения экологически безопасной продукции, органического производства энтомофильных культур и биологически активных продуктов пчеловодства (БАПП). Сформулированы интегрированные задачи научных исследований в области антэкологии и аграрного природопользования для различных климатических и экологических условий субъектов Российской Федерации.
Estimation of the Amount of Electrical Energy Available From the Biogas Produced at the Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant in the City of Sokodé
Authors: Krou Nitale M'Balikine , Baba Gnon , Akpaki Ogouvidé
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to estimate the amount of energy produced from biogas at the faecal sludge treatment plant in the city of Sokodé. The methodological approach consisted in producing biogas by co-digestion of faecal sludge with the fermentable fractions of solid waste then in estimating the quantity of energy available from the produced biogas. Tests of co-digestion of faecal sludge and fermentable fractions of solid waste, showed that from 2258 tons/DM of biomass in one year, 44476 m3 of biogas, or 29177 m3 of methane could be produced. The methane content, which is 65.6 %, is a very interesting source of energy. Several techniques for producing energy from biogas exist, one of which is the production of electricity. In this study, it is a question of making the choice of an adequate electric motor which will allow to produce electric energy from the biogas on the faecal sludge treatment plant. Thus, it was necessary to estimate the quantity of energy available from the biogas produced. To do so, it was calculated the quantity of energy that can be produced by the biogas in one year, the quantity of recoverable energy produced in a year and the quantity of energy supplied by biogas in one hour. The results showed that by 2035, the co-digestion of fermentable solid waste and faecal sludge from the city of Sokodé, would produce 534,246 kWh. The recoverable part would be 507,534 kWh and the energy supplied is 58 kWh.
Bi-facial Open-Space Photovoltaic Systems versus Conventional Systems using Mono-facial Modules
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Giese Lutz
Published: June 2021

As part of a scientific work within the solar company Sunfarming GmbH, the aim was to find out whether bi-facial modules on open spaces deliver better results economically than conventional mono-facial solar modules. In this context, an already installed 750 kWp PV system with mono-facial solar modules was compared directly with a structurally identical PV system with bi-facial modules, which, however, does not exist in practice but was only simulated with PV software. The second part of the investigation includes the comparison of four different assembly systems or elevation variants in order to determine the system with the best relationship between system yield and costs.

The final result of the first investigation showed that the use of bi-facial modules reduced the specific costs per kWh by approximately 5 %. In order to improve this effect, the use of compact assembly systems is recommended, e.g. five rows of modules per table with horizontal alignment.
Sustainable Well-Being in Israel
Authors: Yaari Menahem , Helpman Elhanan , Weiss Ariel , Sussman Nathan , Heffetz Ori , Mandel Hadas , Offer Avner , Feitelson Eran , Finkel Yoel , Kedar Orit , Kandel Eugene , Niv Yarden
Published: June 2021

Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.
Validation of MODIS and AVHRR Fire Detections in Australia
Authors: Forghani A. , Thankappan M. , Cechet B.
Published: June 2021

The Sentinel Bushfire Monitoring System is an internet-based mapping tool which provides timely spatial information to fire agencies across Australia. The mapping system allows users to identify active fire locations that pose a potential risk to communities and property. Sentinel at Geoscience Australia currently provides hotspot information derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors on a continent-wide and daily basis enabling the fire community and general public to locate active fires. There has been little validation undertaken of the Sentinel since the system began operating in November 2002. Validation datasets have been collected for this work during the 2003-2007 fire seasons. Five study areas were selected to validate the detection capabilities of the MODIS and AVHRR hotspot product with fire activity that was mapped using high resolution earth observation imagery. The objective is to evaluate the reliability with which hotspots identified in MODIS and AVHRR thermal data can be used to identify fires. This consists of comparing the accuracy of AVHRR versus MODIS and quantifying the accuracy of both products. This objective is achieved by characterising errors through a stratified random sampling technique establishing a relationship between the ‘fire’ and ‘no fire’ condition, and error assessment using multi- source reference datasets over coincident MODIS and AVHRR pixels. The validation framework comprised two key approaches including validation of AVHRR hotspots in relation to MODIS hotspots and validation of both MODIS and AVHRR hotspots using multi-sensor earth observation imagery datasets. The study identified sources of errors associated with the Sentinel hotspots which could be used to improve the performance of hotspot algorithms and provide user-friendly information for the users. Statistical analysis revealed that overall commission errors of MODIS and AVHRR hotspots over the 5% sample data were 15% and 68% respectively, and overall omission errors of MODIS and AVHRR hotspots were 17% and 23% respectively.  An important outcome of this study is the production of a database of fire locations derived from high-resolution imagery, which can serve as a resource for future validation efforts as detection algorithms evolve and sensors change.
Integrated Rural Development Projects in Nepal - A Review; ICIMOD Occasional paper No. 2
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Pradhan Bharat B.
Published: June 2021

It is now being followed by this stimulating paper on the assessment of the key lessons of project experience in Nepal with integrated rural development, based - it must be strongly emphasized - on a review of available project documents rather than on actual field evaluative surveys. For all the obvious difficulties, this restriction to an analysis of project reports (including of course specific evaluation reports) was deliberate. The intention was tc- seek an initial synthesis of project experience, as revealed by these documents, as a basis for the organization, from 1986 onwards, of a much more systematic exchange of knowledge with regard to multi-sectoral rural development projects - in mountain districts throughout the Region - from the Karakoram in the far west to the Hengduan Mountains in the far east (from this central location of Kathmandu).
ICIMOD Annual Report 2019
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), JHA Anil
Published: June 2021

The stories in this annual report provide a summary of our accomplishments over the last year. They showcase key aspects of our work on multiple fronts – from working with communities, engaging policymakers, facilitating regional cooperation, promoting gender and social inclusion, and generating new knowledge and building capacity – to create positive change in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. The stories also highlight the range of partnerships, with governments and civil society, that make possible our work in the region.
Mountain development: Challenges and opportunities
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), JHA Anil
Published: June 2021

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Editorial
Authors: Gonçalves Alison Roberto , Beato-Canato Ana Paula Marques
Published: June 2021

Editorial da edição atemática de fluxo contínuo do primeiro semestre de 2021.
Adopting Instructional Strategies for English Language Learners in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Olds Jiji , McCraney Michelle , Panesar-Aguilar Sunddip , Cale Chris
Published: June 2021

In an Eastern U.S. school district, little is understood about how elementary general education teachers apply instructional strategies for English Language Learners (ELLs) in the classroom and which strategies they perceive support academic achievement. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore elementary general education teachers’ reported application of ELL instructional strategies and their perceptions of how those strategies support ELL academic achievement. The study’s conceptual framework consisted of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which infers that learning is a social process guided by interactions with one’s environment, people, and culture. Also framing this study was Krashan’s second language acquisition theory (Long, 1983), which infers that language is attained though one’s strong desire to interact with the world around them. Two research questions were used to investigate the reported ELL instructional strategies used by teachers and how teachers perceive those strategies support ELLs’ achievement. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 elementary general education teachers. Volunteers were recruited from schools having ELL populations of 30% or more. Interview data were analyzed by using open and a priori codes and thematic analysis. The findings indicated that participants used familiar instructional strategies and consistently applied them for the whole class. Additionally, participants perceived ELLs’ academic confidence and connecting concepts with their primary language as important to academic achievement. This study contributes to positive social change through a deeper understanding of the ELL instructional strategies that may benefit elementary teachers and stakeholders.
The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Case of Turkey
Authors: Gokmen Orhan
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the relationship between net FDI inflows and real GDP for Turkey from 1970 to 2019. Although conventional economic growth theories and most empirical research suggest that there is  a bi-directional positive effect between these macro variables, the results indicate that there is a uni- directional significant short-run positive effect of real GDP on net FDI inflows to Turkey by employing the Vector Error Correction Model, Granger Causality, Impulse Response Functions and Variance Decomposition. Also, there is no long-run effect of net FDI inflows found on real GDP, yet vice-versa long-run effect has been found. The findings recommend Turkish authorities optimally benefit from the potential positive effect of net incoming FDI on the real GDP by allocating it for the productive sectoral establishments while effectively maintaining the country’s real economic growth to attract further FDI inflows.
Food Safety Economics in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Charlebois Sylvain , Vandertuin Trevor
Published: June 2021

The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis for both food safety and especially the economic sustainability of food production in Canada and around the globe are explored. A full analysis is made of the nature of the virus, and it is spread as they relate to the forces of globalization which have created a global food supply chain, with a focus on the weaknesses of a global supply chain that fell prey to the COVID-19 virus and its associated economic effects. Comparison was made to past outbreaks of Spanish flu and Ebola, both of which challenged public health, food safety, and food supply systems. A more focused analysis examines how public and private responses to the pandemic create opportunities and challenges for several linkages in the supply chain, including farms, food processing facilities, grocery stores and restaurants. The quarantine procedures put in place around the world to manage the COVID-19 necessitated radical shifts in food production and. Ultimately the response from any individual government is insufficient to weather these events, as the fundamentally international and cross-industry factors involved require a holistic, globally coordinated approach which was not possible with the tools available before these events began.
Het strafrecht in een aanbestedingsrechtelijk perspectief
Authors: Beukema T.
Published: June 2021

Het strafrecht in een aanbestedingsrechtelijk perspectief – de doorwerking van het strafrecht op overheidsopdrachten

De rol van het inkoopproces van de overheid is aan het verschuiven. Maatschappelijke thema’s en het bereiken van (Europese) doelstellingen hebben een meer prominente rol gekregen. Met deze verschuiving is ook het integer handelen en de voorbeeldfunctie van de overheid steeds belangrijker geworden, mede gelet op het grote volume aan inkopen.

Via het inkoopproces heeft de overheid de mogelijkheid om te sturen op integriteit en om invulling te geven aan haar voorbeeldfunctie. Welke handvatten het inkoopproces biedt en wat dit vervolgens inhoudt voor ondernemingen met een strafrechtelijk verleden, wordt in dit stuk nader uiteengezet.
It ain’t over till the fat lady sings
Authors: Coenen M. , Feenstra A.A.
Published: June 2021

It ain’t over till the fat lady sings – de bijkomende gevolgen voor belastingadviseurs en accountants bij de afronding van een strafzaak

In fraudezaken is het strafrecht niet het enige waarmee verdachte professionals als belastingadviseurs en accountants te maken krijgen. Zij krijgen te maken met beroepsmatige gevolgen en integriteits- en betrouwbaarheidstoetsingen. Deze bijdrage beschrijft de verschillende aspecten waar een belastingadviseur of accountant mee te maken kan krijgen bij de afronding van een strafrechtelijk onderzoek. Waarmee moet rekening worden gehouden en op welke manier kan hierop worden geanticipeerd? Daarbij beperken wij ons tot de directe gevolgen van de registratie van een strafrechtelijk onderzoek dan wel de eventuele afdoening daarvan.
Gestão de projetos na administração pública: um estudo sobre a implantação do processo eletrônico na UFRN e no IFRN
Authors: Lago Alves Thales Da Costa , Oliveira Thiago De , Gurgel André Morais
Published: June 2021

A gestão de projetos configura-se como uma prática estratégica e essencial ao setor público na busca pela eficiência e pelo distanciamento do estigma da burocratização excessiva, dos atrasos ou não cumprimento de entregas e do desperdício do recurso público. Diante dessa realidade, o presente trabalho objetiva compreender como foram desenvolvidos os projetos de implantação do processo eletrônico na UFRN (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte) e no IFRN (Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte), a partir do que determina o Decreto nº 8.539/2015. A pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa e é um estudo multicaso, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas centradas nas práticas de gestão de projetos, tendo como participantes os gestores dos respectivos projetos. A análise do corpus textual, auxiliada pelo software IRAMUTEQ, possibilitou a criação das classes: Produto, Integração, Práticas em Gestão de Projetos e Conformidade. De acordo com os resultados obtidos na análise de conteúdo, confirmou-se que a conformidade legal foi o principal motivador e delineador dos objetivos dos projetos. A pesquisa também evidenciou as práticas de gestão de projetos implementadas nas duas instituições, com um maior volume dessas identificadas na UFRN, por dispor de um escritório de projetos. O patrocínio institucional configurou-se como principal ponto de suporte à gestão dos projetos. Em contrapartida, a falta de conhecimento institucional mais aprofundado acerca da gestão de documentos e dos procedimentos de protocolo do processo administrativo, caracteriza, com maior ênfase, as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos gerentes de projeto.
Entre celas: o encarceramento como sintoma de uma sociedade patológica
Authors: Veronese Osmar , Da Silva Daiane Specht Lemos
Published: June 2021

As desigualdades sociais e o crescente aumento da criminalidade sinalizam uma catástrofe social que necessita ser enfrentada pelo Estado. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo objetiva discutir a criminalidade enquanto patologia social impulsionada pelas desigualdades, bem como a adequação e eficácia do tratamento realizado a partir do aprisionamento, na lógica dos condomínios e dos encarceramentos. A partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, o estudo propõe um olhar de três dimensões: primeiro, traça um panorama sobre as patologias do social; segundo, examina se a desigualdade social pode ser considerada uma patologia do social produtora da criminalidade; e, por fim, faz uma analogia entre estabelecimentos prisionais e condomínios privados, pensando no equívoco da segregação como proposta de cura das doenças de nosso tempo.
Adapting active case-finding for TB during the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Chan G. , Triasih R. , Nababan B. , du Cros P. , Wilks N. , Main S. , Huang G. K. L. , Lin D. , Graham S. M. , Majumdar S. S. , Bakker M. , Khan A. , Khan F. A. , Dwihardiani B.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and response measures, including lockdowns and the reorientation of health services, have disrupted essential health services for other diseases, including TB, HIV and malaria. For TB, reductions in case detection due to the COVID-19 pandemic are projected to result
in increased TB transmission, morbidity and mortality. Active case-finding (ACF) for TB using community-based approaches is a potential strategy to offset reductions in TB detection by obviating the need for patients to seek care at a health facility. A number of approaches can be used to
conduct TB ACF safely and screen designated target populations while managing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for staff, individuals and the community. We present a framework of options for and experience of adapting TB ACF services in response to the challenges of COVID-19 in our programme
in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Key changes have included revised prioritisation of target populations focusing on household contacts, reducing case-finding throughput, implementation of additional infection control measures and precautions, and integration of COVID-19 screening among those being
screened for TB. Our approach could inform other programmes seeking to adapt TB ACF services to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection.
Caregivers’ knowledge and perceptions are associated with children’s TB preventive treatment completion
Authors: Zeladita-Huaman J. , Yuen C. M. , Zegarra-Chapoñan R. , Curisinche-Rojas M. , Egusquiza-Pozo V.
Published: June 2021

SETTING: Forty-six health centers in south Lima, Peru.OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between caregivers’ knowledge and perceptions around isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and whether their children complete IPT.DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective
medical record review of children who initiated IPT during 2017–2018. We administered structured surveys to caregivers of the children about their knowledge about and perceptions of IPT. We used a modified Poisson regression to determine factors associated with IPT completion.RESULTS:
We included 550 children, of whom 31% did not complete IPT. Independent factors associated with not completing IPT were low caregiver knowledge about TB and IPT (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.06–1.78), low caregiver perception of the importance of IPT (aRR 1.76, 95% CI 1.30–2.39),
low caregiver satisfaction with the health services (aRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.16), experience of adverse events (aRR 2.08, 95% CI 1.51–2.87), and living in a household with moderate or severe family dysfunction (aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.07–2.19).CONCLUSION: IPT completion
among children was associated with the knowledge and perceptions of their caregivers, as well as the experience of adverse events. To improve IPT completion among children, health care providers should prioritize education and counseling for caregivers, promote positive interpersonal relationships
with them, and monitor adverse events.
Überdehnung strafjustizieller Kompetenz in tatgerichtlicher Beweiswürdigung und im Wiederaufnahmeverfahren gemäß § 359 Nr. 5 StPO
Authors: Eisenberg Ulrich
Published: June 2021

Dem Beitrag liegt die rechtstatsächlich begründete Annahme sowohl der Existenz strafrechtlicher Fehlverurteilungen als auch von deren Aufrechterhaltung im Wiederaufnahmeverfahren zugrunde. Das bedeutet, dass zugrundeliegende Fehler zusammenwirken bzw. sich verselbständigen, und es veranlasst die Frage, ob Fehlverurteilungen bzw. deren Aufrechterhaltung als kompetenzüberdehnend und in Ausnahmefällen gar als machtmissbräuchlich verstanden werden könnten. Anhand einzelner exemplarisch herangezogener Verfahren werden Erklärungen zu den Entstehungszusammenhängen gewichtiger Fehler erörtert.
Stigmatisierte Pressesprecher und Werberinnen?
Authors: Hoffjann Olaf
Published: June 2021

Gegenüber strategischen Kommunikatoren im Allgemeinen sowie gegenüber Pressesprecherinnen und Werbern im Konkreten werden seit jeher vielfältige Vorbehalte geäußert: Sie täuschen, langweilen und seien überflüssig. In der Forschung wurden die Vorbehalte bislang allenfalls als singuläres und peripheres Problem begriffen. Dadurch aber geraten sowohl die sozialen Prozesse hinter den Diffamierungen als auch die Praktiken von Pressesprecherinnen und Werbern beim Umgang mit diesen Vorbehalten aus dem Blick. Der Beitrag setzt daher grundlegender an: Wenn Merkmale einer Gruppe weithin als abweichend bzw. unerwünscht etikettiert werden, ist die Gruppe stigmatisiert. Das Stigma-Konzept von Erving Goffman ermöglicht eine soziologische Analyse der Entstehungsprozesse sowie der Wirkungen und bietet damit einen theoretischen Rahmen, um die Forschungsfragen zu beantworten. Als das diskreditierende Merkmal von Pressesprecherinnen und Werbern wird in dem Beitrag ihr strategisches Handeln und damit der persuasive und instrumentelle Charakter erkannt. Die stigmatisierende Wirkung entfaltet sich erst durch negative Zuschreibungen, wie dem Täuschungsvorwurf sowie mitunter der fehlenden Relevanz und fehlenden Unterhaltsamkeit. Zudem wird herausgearbeitet, wie Pressesprecherinnen und Werber im Rahmen des Stigmamanagements mit dem Stigma umgehen.
Zwischen Utopie und Dystopie. Oder: Wie der öffentliche Diskurs über die Maker- und Quantified-Self-Bewegung in Deutschland und Großbritannien die Pioniergemeinschaften zu Treibern tiefgreifender Mediatisierung macht
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Benz Susan , Simon Piet
Published: June 2021

Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist eine vergleichende Diskursanalyse der Berichterstattung über die Maker- und Quantified-Self-Bewegung in der deutschen und britischen (Online-)Presse für die Jahre 2007 bis 2019. Der Analyse liegt eine dreifache Fragestellung zugrunde: In welchem Umfang sind diese beiden Pioniergemeinschaften Gegenstand eines öffentlichen Diskurses? Welche Diskursmuster werden in der Berichterstattung über die Pioniergemeinschaften greifbar? Und was lässt sich hieraus für den Stellenwert einer solchen Berichterstattung für Prozesse der tiefgreifenden Mediatisierung folgern? Im Kern zeigt der Beitrag, dass - über beide Untersuchungsländer hinweg - der Diskurs um die Maker-Bewegung in der Tendenz utopisch orientiert ist, während der Diskurs um die Quantified-Self-Bewegung eher dystopisch orientiert ist. Gemeinsam ist beiden aber, dass Technologie ein hohes Potenzial für eine einseitige gesellschaftliche Veränderung unterstellt wird, was der „Kalifornischen Ideologie“ der San Francisco Bay Area entspricht. Allgemeingesellschaftlich wird so ein Imaginationshorizont konstruiert, in dem sich dann die Menschen im Alltag mit ihrer eigentlichen Aneignung von digitalen Medien- und Kommunikationstechnologien positionieren.
Das Smartphone-Tagebuch in der Mediennutzungsforschung. Ein qualitativer Methodenansatz unter der Lupe
Authors: Koch Carmen , Frei Nadine Klopfenstein , Herrmann Iris
Published: June 2021

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird die Eignung des digitalen Tagebuchs in der Mediennutzungsforschung erörtert. Qualitative Tagebuchstudien haben im Gegensatz zu Befragungen den Vorteil, dass sie sich nicht auf das Gedächtnis der Studienteilnehmenden verlassen müssen und detaillierte Tiefeninformationen liefern. In den hier begleiteten Studien erfassten Studienteilnehmer*innen mittels der Notizsoftware Evernote auf ihrem Smartphone Begegnungen mit Wissenschaftskommunikation bzw. ihre Nachrichtennutzung. Das geschah mehrheitlich über Fotografien, Verlinkungen und Kommentare. Die Einträge wurden in einem nachgelagerten Leitfadengespräch detailliert besprochen. In dieser Begleitstudie zur Methode „digitales Tagebuch“ zeigt sich, dass der Aufwand für die Studienteilnehmenden gering war, sie ihr Medienrepertoire nicht veränderten, aber die Aufgabenstellung ihre Wahrnehmung verschärfte. Es wird argumentiert, dass mit einem gezielten Einsatz der Methode dieser Nachteil aufgefangen werden kann und Forschende im Gegenzug einen detaillierten Einblick zur Einordnung eines Themenfeldes, zu Rezeptionsgründen, Attraktivität und Nutzen der konsumierten Beiträge sowie Emotionen der Rezipient*innen erhalten können.
Völkerstrafvollzug in Deutschland
Authors: Knauer Florian
Published: June 2021

After the substantive and procedural international criminal law, the enforcement of sentences has also received increased attention from international criminal law scholars in recent years. This study is the first to specifically examine the enforcement of sentences under international criminal law in Germany. The author combines historical, criminological, legal, and criminal policy considerations. In the criminological part of the book, an empirical survey is presented.
Sarcomas Epidemiology in Iran: Analysis of Data from Iranian National Cancer Registry between 2009 and 2014
Authors: Asef-Kabiri Leila , Moradi Afshin , Khayamzadeh Maryam , Moradian Farid , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
Published: June 2021

Background: Sarcomas are a wide group of tumors with a mesenchymal origin, accounting for 1% of all adult malignancies. Objectives: This study examined the incidence rates and distribution patterns of morphological subtypes and primary sites of soft tissue and bone sarcomas in a 6-years period in the total population of Iran. Methods: The data was retrieved from the Iranian National Cancer Registry (INCR). A total of 14630 patients were identified with either bone or soft tissue sarcoma during 2009 - 2014. The morphological and topographical classifications were based on the ICD-O-3 and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were calculated. Results: The combined crude incidence was calculated 3.2/100,000, and for STS and BS was 2.7 and 0.5 per 100,000 individuals, respectively, increasing with the age. Among the patients, 16.47 and 83.53% of cases had BS and STS, respectively with male predilection. The ASIR calculated 2.8 and 2.6 for STS and 0.51 and 0.37 for BS in males and females, respectively. Sarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and spindle cell sarcoma were the most common morphologies. The connective tissue of the lower limb, long bone of the lower limb, skin, and uterus were the most frequent primary tumor sites. The majority of tumors were of unknown/undifferentiated grade (grade 9), then grade 3, 1, 2, 4, and score 0 had the highest frequencies, respectively. The highest ASIR of sarcoma was detected in Khuzestan, Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Isfahan, Tehran, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi provinces. Analysis of the incidence trends showed a slight increase over the study period. Conclusions: These findings can help better diagnose and management of sarcoma patients throughout Iran.
Indirect Sexuality Education to Adolescent Girls Through Empowering Their Mothers
Authors: Majdpour Masoumeh , Shams Mohsen , Parhizkar Saadat , Mousavizadeh Ali , Rahimi Zahra , Maleki Mostafa , Shariatinia Sedigheh
Published: June 2021

Background: Sexuality education is one of the most important educational needs for adolescents. Parents play a significant role in shaping sexuality health in adolescents. There is little evidence in Iran about sexuality education for empowering adolescences. Objectives: This study aimed at developing, implementing, and evaluating a training program for mothers to educate sexuality matters to their adolescent girls in Mahshahr, Iran. Materials and Methods: This field trial was conducted among 140 mothers with 12- to 18-year-old adolescent girls in Mahshahr. The multi-stratified sampling method was performed for determining the study participants. Data was collected by using “Parent-Child Relationship: Mother” and “Knowledge and Attitude About Sexuality Education to Adolescents” questionnaires. Based on the baseline results, an educational intervention for mothers was designed and implemented. Data were collected, analyzed, and compared before and three months after the intervention implementation. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. A confidence interval of 95% with significance at P < 0.05 was used. Results: Compared with the pre-intervention phase, mothers’ awareness of sexual issues significantly increased from 30.00 to 36.50 (P < 0.001). While the mean score of attitudes towards sexuality education significantly increased from 46.65 to 48.57 (P < 0.001), no significant difference was observed between mothers’ communication skills before and after the educational intervention (P = 0.98). Conclusions: The designed educational program was an effective tool to improve the knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality matters in mothers. Thus, continuous and regular programs are required to improve communication skills in mothers.