bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas socioeducacionais: implantação do ensino integral na rede pública em Cacoal - Rondônia
Authors: Prado Elaine Cristina Rodrigues , Cerqueira Claudia Cleomar Araujo Ximenes , Caramello Nubia Deborah Araujo
Published: September 2021

A presente pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas estaduais, localizada no município de Cacoal no estado de Rondônia (Uma atende o Projeto Guaporé e a outra o Projeto Escola do Novo Tempo e a Escola da Escolha). Metodologicamente foram adotados métodos mistos análise dos resultados, para obtenção de dados foi aplicado questionários com questões referentes à determinação estipulada pelo Plano Nacional de Educação – PNE, mais especificamente a Meta de Número 06 tendo como objetivo obter os dados necessários para  análise de indicadores que proporcionem interpretar o cenário de implantação do Ensino Integral no município, e visionar a viabilidade da determinação em relação ao aumento da carga horária, serão verificados através dos dados obtidos a veracidade do aumento da carga horária de 04 (Quatro) para 07 (Sete) horas como estipula a Meta número 06 do Plano Nacional de Educação – PNE de acordo com a Lei 13.005, de 25 de junho de 2014, juntamente com a práxis metodológica utilizada pelas respectivas escolas  e o impacto que a mudança trouxe no decorrer do projeto. O resultado proporcionou averiguar que a implantação do tempo escolar pensada para mitigar a ausência de justiça social a comunidades mais carentes, tem como lacuna a própria aceitação dos estudantes, levando o quadro de funcionários a exercerem o constante papel de motivador para manter e conquistar novos alunos. Os professores por meio da metodologia de projetos buscam estratégia para sanar as dificuldades de aprendizagem, bem como utilizar as orientações pedagógicas do programa do ICE que apresenta o projeto de vida, o nivelamento e uma formação integral como práxis metodológica para atender a Meta 06 da PNE. A ausência de ampliação de infraestrutura é um dos fatores agravantes que inviabilizam em totalidade as Estratégias propostas pela Meta 06.
Metodologias de tomada de decisão na gestão pública
Authors: Queiroz Marcelo André Cid Heráclito do Porto
Published: September 2021

Destacar a importância do entendimento do Sistema de Decisão como fator essencial para respaldar o gestor público através de critérios objetivos e baseados estritamente na técnica como também na tomada de decisão sobre a implantação de projetos e programas voltados para a população. A administração pública é regida pelos princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Com os recursos escassos, cada vez mais são cobrados transparência nas decisões. A sociedade passa a atuar como observadora da utilização dos recursos públicos de forma transparente, introduzindo os cidadãos no debate público com o objetivo de garantir que os direitos da coletividade se façam valer. Nesse contexto, são necessárias ferramentas para respaldar decisões transparentes e objetivas. Revisão teórica sobre as metodologias de tomada de decisão mais utilizadas no mercado por meio de trabalhos, artigos e da literatura a respeito. Os métodos de decisão serão necessários a partir desse momento para respaldar os gestores públicos que estão em busca de segurança e transparência. As ferramentas denominadas metodologias de tomada de decisão são extremamente úteis nos processos decisórios da gestão pública e que, pelos motivos expostos, dentre tais ferramentas, a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) possivelmente a mais indicada.
Avaliação de cenários acerca do transporte de pessoas em uma instituição de ensino superior: terceirização versus utilização de veículos próprios
Authors: Negrini Fernando , Romio Alexsandra Matos , Simonetto Eugênio de Oliveira , Bobsin Debora
Published: September 2021

A modernização e expansão do ensino superior no Brasil exigiu o uso de melhores práticas, aumento de eficiência e eficácia por parte das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES). Neste sentido, a mensuração dos custos na gestão da educação pública superior constitui fator chave para os gestores destas instituições. Conhecer os custos é relevante para medir a eficiência de uma gestão, para o controle, e para a tomada de decisões sobre alocação de recursos. Dentre os custos que as IFES possuem estão os custos com transporte coletivo intermunicipal de pessoas, o qual é realizado através do uso de veículos próprios, ou através da terceirização do serviço. O objetivo do artigo é desenvolver um modelo de simulação computacional para avaliar cenários acerca da viabilidade econômica da terceirização do serviço de transporte coletivo intermunicipal de passageiros em IFES, a fim de auxiliar os gestores na decisão de utilizar veículos próprios ou terceirizar o serviço. O método utilizado foi a dinâmica de sistemas, com a utilização da modelagem computacional, e simulação de quatro cenários: cenário atual, no qual 20% da demanda de viagens é terceirizada, cenário possível, no qual 50% da demanda de viagens é terceirizada, cenário teste, no qual 0% da demanda de viagens é terceirizada, e cenário hipotético, no qual 100% da demanda de viagens é terceirizada. Os resultados indicam que, ao longo de um período de 10 anos, em termos financeiros, o cenário hipotético representa a melhor opção, enquanto que o cenário teste representa o pior cenário. Os custos acumulados ao final dos 10 anos no cenário hipotético representam um valor 9,56% menor que os custos acumulados no cenário teste, 7,65% menor que os custos acumulados no cenário atual, e 4,78% menor que os custos acumulados no cenário possível. Com isso, identificou-se que a terceirização do transporte de passageiros é viável economicamente, possibilita redução de custos a curto, médio e longo prazo, e demonstrou ser uma alternativa para melhorar a gestão de recursos públicos.
Inovação, desempenho financeiro e criação de valor: uma análise das empresas do agronegócio no Brasil
Authors: Quatorze Caio Cesar Peres , Santos David Ferreira Lopes
Published: September 2021

Compreender os efeitos da inovação no desempenho organizacional constitui um dos principais desafios teóricos desta área; igualmente, a prática empresarial carece de modelos de gestão do processo de inovação orientados à estratégia. Pesquisas empíricas recentes à realidade brasileira reportam a dificuldade em assinalar os efeitos da inovação nos resultados empresariais. Esse estudo analisou a influência dos investimentos em inovação no desempenho financeiro e econômico das principais empresas do mercado de capitais brasileiro que integram as cadeias do agronegócio para o período 2010-2013 por meio de regressão com dados em painel. A amostra computou 41 empresas cujas informações referentes aos gastos com inovação foram alcançados por meio de disclousure das demonstrações financeiras. Os resultados reportaram que as empresas do agronegócio do Brasil investem mais em inovação que a média nacional e que os gastos com atividades de caráter inovador exercem impacto positivo e significativo no desempenho econômico e financeiro das empresas. Estes resultados ratificam a importância da inovação à competitividade do setor mais proeminente do Brasil e proporciona uma perspectiva diferenciada da relação entre inovação e desempenho frente outras pesquisas empíricas no país.
A gestão de conflitos em microempresas familiares: um estudo de múltiplos casos na cidade de Olinda
Authors: Paulo Iasmin Luz de , Silva Karoline Gomes da , Silva Humberto Caetano Cardoso da
Published: September 2021

Apesar da grande importância das microempresas para a economia do país, muitas delas enfrentam sérias dificuldades para se manterem em operação, entre elas os conflitos que ocorrem dentro da organização. As microempresas familiares apresentam conflitos de diferentes tipos, origens e níveis, causando mudanças significativas, que afetam diretamente na produtividade, no relacionamento e na dinâmica dos envolvidos. A depender da forma como esses conflitos são, pode-se ter resultados positivos e negativos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os conflitos nas microempresas familiares e suas possíveis soluções. Partindo de uma pesquisa exploratória e utilizando-se da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de microempresas familiares na cidade de Olinda. Concluiu-se que a origem dos conflitos nas empresas entrevistadas deu-se a partir da não separação entre relação profissional e pessoal e, para gerenciar esses conflitos, as empresas utilizaram o diálogo, que possibilitou a aprendizagem e acordos, que beneficiaram ambas as partes, mudando o clima organizacional e a dinâmica entre os membros da família.
Procedimentos analíticos em perícia ambiental/métodos químicos: técnicas de análise
Authors: Silva Cleber Vinicius Vitorio da , Lima Evandro , Pereira Raphael do Couto , Lins Gustavo Aveiro , Aguiar Lais Alencar de , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de
Published: September 2021

Dentre as características do analista, está a atenção às questões relativas à exatidão e à precisão esperável dos métodos dados e, além disso, não deve desprezar fatores como tempo e custo. O método mais exato para certa determinação pode ser muito demorado ou envolver o uso de reagentes caros. Por tal motivo, o apropriado é avaliar que exatidão se faz necessária. Em muitos casos, é possível escolher um método que, embora menos exato, proporcione, num tempo razoável, resultados satisfatórios.
Procedimentos analíticos em perícia ambiental: cromatografia
Authors: Souza Camilo Pinto de , Lins Gustavo Aveiro , Aguiar Lais Alencar de , Garcia Pauli Adriano de Almada , Garcia Vanessa da Silva , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de
Published: September 2021

O Perito Ambiental terá atenção às questões relativas à exatidão e à precisão esperada dos métodos dados e, além disso, não deve desprezar fatores como tempo e custo. O método mais exato para certa determinação pode ser muito demorado ou envolver o uso de reagentes caros. Por tal motivo, o apropriado é avaliar que exatidão se faz necessária.Em muitos casos, é possível escolher um método que, embora menos exato, proporcione, num tempo razoável, resultados satisfatórios.
A segurança do trabalho em obras residenciais no Brasil e o papel do engenheiro civil na diminuição dos acidentes de trabalho: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Carmo Kellen Rhaynara Mota , Balduíno Ã‚ngelo Ricardo
Published: September 2021

No cenário econômico brasileiro, a indústria da construção civil se apresenta como um dos setores mais importantes, destacando-se como um dos que mais geram empregos no país. Por esse motivo, a construção civil possui uma participação demasiada no Produto Interno Bruto do país. Apesar da sua importância, a construção civil apresenta-se como um dos setores da indústria que mais possuem índice de acidentes e mortes no trabalho. Dentre as áreas que apresentam mais condições para a ocorrência de acidente no trabalho, encontram-se as obras de pequeno porte, incluindo as obras residenciais, em virtude de possuírem poucos empregados, serem de curta duração, e, desse modo, a fiscalização torna-se difícil e negligente, além de haver muita informalidade e uma falta de conscientização dos empregadores e trabalhadores quanto à importância da segurança no trabalho, deixando de cumprir as exigências das Normas Regulamentadoras. Frente ao exposto, buscou-se realizar um levantamento de dados quanto aos acidentes de trabalho na construção civil e enfatizando a importância do engenheiro civil na diminuição desses acidentes e garantia da segurança do trabalho. Verificou-se que os índices de acidente de trabalho na construção civil são preocupantes, e há uma necessidade de cumprimento das normas de segurança do trabalho, onde o engenheiro civil possui conhecimento necessário para aplicação das mesmas, além de conhecer o ambiente da construção civil. Apesar disso, o papel de mudança da realidade de acidente de trabalho na construção civil deve incluir todos os envolvidos.
EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING DENTAL ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: ARAT MADEN Eda , MADEN Özgür , KARABULUT Barış , POLAT Günseli Güven
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Dental anxiety determines the frequency of dental treatment availed with long-term implications in oral health maintenance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sociodemographic data, dental anxiety levels of parents, family functionality, perceived family support and other associated factors on dental anxiety of adolescents.
Materials and Methods: 213 adoloscents who applied to the Pediatric Dental Clinic and their parents were included in the study and their sociodemographic data were recorded. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was applied to the adolescents and their parents to determine dental anxiety and the Perceived Family Support Scale was applied to measure the perceived family support of the adolescents. Regarding the family functionality, the parents answered the Family Assessment Device.
Results: The avarage dental anxiety level of the adolescents was 8.87±3.10. The family functions were unhealthy in terms of roles, and affective involvement. According to the multiple regression analysis, the predictors of dental anxiety levels were family functionality, maternal educational level, previous application to the dentist, having negative experience in the past, the choosing of a dental treatment center, and training regarding dental treatment.
Conclusions: Clinicians should consider that socio-cultural characteristics, family functionality and support may affect dental anxiety, and the improvement of the physical environment may be effective in reducing dental anxiety during dental treatment of adolescents.
A projectome of the bumblebee central complex
Authors: Sayre Marcel Ethan , Templin Rachel , Chavez Johanna , Kempenaers Julian , Heinze Stanley
Published: September 2021

Insects have evolved diverse and remarkable strategies for navigating in various ecologies all over the world. Regardless of species, insects share the presence of a group of morphologically conserved neuropils known collectively as the central complex (CX). The CX is a navigational center, involved in sensory integration and coordinated motor activity. Despite the fact that our understanding of navigational behavior comes predominantly from ants and bees, most of what we know about the underlying neural circuitry of such behavior comes from work in fruit flies. Here, we aim to close this gap, by providing the first comprehensive map of all major columnar neurons and their projection patterns in the CX of a bee. We find numerous components of the circuit that appear to be highly conserved between the fly and the bee, but also highlight several key differences which are likely to have important functional ramifications.
A PX-BAR protein Mvp1/SNX8 and a dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 drive endosomal recycling
Authors: Suzuki Sho W , Oishi Akihiko , Nikulin Nadia , Jorgensen Jeff R , Baile Matthew G , Emr Scott D
Published: September 2021

Membrane protein recycling systems are essential for maintenance of the endosome-lysosome system. In yeast, retromer and Snx4 coat complexes are recruited to the endosomal surface, where they recognize cargos. They sort cargo and deform the membrane into recycling tubules that bud from the endosome and target to the Golgi. Here, we reveal that the SNX-BAR protein, Mvp1, mediates an endosomal recycling pathway that is mechanistically distinct from the retromer and Snx4 pathways. Mvp1 deforms the endosomal membrane and sorts cargos containing a specific sorting motif into a membrane tubule. Subsequently, Mvp1 recruits the dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 to catalyze membrane scission and release of the recycling tubule. Similarly, SNX8, the human homolog of Mvp1, which has been also implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, mediates formation of an endosomal recycling tubule. Thus, we present evidence for a novel endosomal retrieval pathway that is conserved from yeast to humans.
Integrative bioinformatics and experimental analysis revealed down-regulated CDC42EP3 as a novel prognostic target for ovarian cancer and its roles in immune infiltration
Authors: Yan Yuanliang , Liang Qiuju , Xu Zhijie , Yi Qiaoli
Published: September 2021

Ovarian cancer is a significant clinical challenge as no effective treatments are available to enhance patient survival. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the roles of m6A target genes in ovarian cancer haven’t been clearly illustrated. In this study, we presented a comprehensive bioinformatics and in vitro analysis to evaluate the roles of m6A target genes. Cell division cycle 42 effector protein 3 (CDC42EP3), one probable m6A target gene, was identified to be down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Meanwhile, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot were used to confirm the down-regulated CDC42EP3 in ovarian cancer cells A2780 and TOV112D. The biological function of CDC42EP3 in ovarian cancer was further validated with several algorithms, such as PrognoScan, K-M plotter, LinkedOmics and TISIDB. These findings indicated that lower expression of CDC42EP3 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. In addition, CDC42EP3 expression was significantly associated with a diverse range of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including natural killer cells (NK), T central memory cells (Tcm), T gamma delta cells (Tgd), etc. Taken together, this study uncovered the potential roles of m6A target gene CDC42EP3 in the regulation of immune microenvironment in the ovarian cancer, and identified CDC42EP3 as a novel prognostic target.
МАГНИТНОЕ ПЕРЕСОЕДИНЕНИЕ И ДЕНЬ ВЗЯТИЯ БАСТИЛИИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Леденцов Л.С. , Сомов Б.В.
Published: September 2021

Солнечные вспышки в настоящее время стали эталоном для изучения вспышечных процессов электромагнитной природы в современной астрофизике, в частности, в рентгеновской и гамма-астрономии. В отличие от вспышек на других звездах и аналогичных явлений во Вселенной солнечные вспышки представляют возможность для всестороннего изучения процесса магнитного пересоединения в высокотемпературной сильно замагниченной плазме короны, а также в низкотемпературной слабоионизированной плазме фотосферы.
ПАМЯТИ ЛИДИИ МИХАЙЛОВНЫ БРАГИНОЙ (01.02.1930–16.02.2021), "Средние века"
Authors: Кудрявцев О.Ф.
Published: September 2021

16 февраля ушла из жизни Лидия Михайловна Брагина, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории Средних веков Исторического факультета МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, председатель Бюро Комиссии по культуре Возрождения Научного совета «История мировой культуры» РАН.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention
Authors: Mesilaakso Markku , Koskela Harri
Published: September 2021

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful analytical techniques in organic chemistry for elucidating the molecular structures of chemicals. Moreover, an NMR spectrum may be used like a fingerprint to identify a chemical by comparing it with its reference spectrum recorded from the authentic chemical under comparable conditions. During the 20 years of international interlaboratory comparison (round‐robin) and proficiency tests for the verification of chemical disarmament, NMR spectroscopy has proved itself to be a useful complementary technique to mass spectrometry (MS) and other analytical techniques in the analysis of chemicals related to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Compared with MS, the main problems associated with NMR experiments are the lower sensitivity and the resonance overlap caused by background chemicals present in the sample. The low sensitivity of NMR experiments can be compensated in part by concentrating the NMR samples and by running long‐term experiments. The structural specificity of NMR spectra, the capability for the observation of different nuclei (
1
H,
31
P,
19
F, and
13
C), and the two‐dimensional (2D) correlation experiments make NMR spectroscopy a valuable technique to be used alongside other techniques. With regard to the chemicals listed in the Schedules of the CWC, NMR spectroscopy is useful for the analysis of almost all of them. This article describes the NMR spectroscopic methods used in the analysis of chemicals related to the CWC.
Roseiflexus
Authors: Thiel Vera , Hanada Satoshi
Published: September 2021

Ro.se.i.fle'xus. L. masc. adj.
roseus
rose colored; L. masc. n.
flexus
bending, turning; N.L. masc. n.
Roseiflexus
rose‐colored bending.

Chloroflexi / Chloroflexia / Chloroflexales / Roseiflexaceae / Roseiflexus

Cells are multicellular filaments of indefinite length with a diameter of approx. 0.7–1.0 μm, stain Gram‐negative, and show gliding motility. Cultures are red, red‐orange, or reddish‐brown in color. Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)
a
and carotenoids (γ‐carotene derivatives) are present, but chlorosomes and BChl
c
are absent. The organisms can grow photoheterotrophically and chemoheterotrophically under anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, respectively. Neither photoautotrophic nor fermentative growth is observed. However, the ability for autotrophic or mixotrophic growth is indicated by genome analyses. The organisms are thermophilic and able to grow at 45–60°C at a pH range of 6–9. Optimum photoheterotrophic and chemoheterotrophic growth occurs at 50–55°C and pH 8.0. Yeast extract is a good carbon source for growth, and citrate and glucose are used as sole energy sources only under phototrophic conditions in the type species strain
Roseiflexus castenholzii
HLO8
T
. The main cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
14:0
, and C
15:0
. No unsaturated fatty acids are detected, but small amounts of iso‐branched fatty acids are found. The major quinone is MK‐11. Habitat is microbial mats in hot springs.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.0 (HPLC), 60.7 (Genome analysis).

Type species
:
Roseiflexus castenholzii
Hanada et al. 2002
VP
.
Regulation of Olive Fatty Acid Desaturation by Environmental Stresses and Culture Conditions
Authors: Moretti Samuele , Hernández M. Luisa
Published: September 2021

Olive tree cultivation started in Syria million years ago and extended into the Mediterranean basin to become one of the basic constituents of the economies of most Mediterranean countries, which account for more than 90% of the world's olive oil production. In addition, the increasing international demand for olive oil in the last two decades has led to expansion of cultivation in places far from its origin, such as California, Argentina, and Australia. The fact that both production and consumption of olive oil are growing in the world is mainly due to its exceptional organoleptic characteristics, which are determined by the metabolites that it contains. Between them, the relative proportion of fatty acids is what greatly determine the oxidative stability and nutritional properties of the olive oil. Although cultivar is the main factor determining olive oil fatty acid composition, environmental factors, and culture conditions can also change the fatty acid profile. For that reason, understanding how these factors could affect the olive oil fatty acid composition is of special relevance, not only to increase its quality but also to establish the optimal growing conditions in new environments and to select new olive cultivars with improved quality characteristics. This article tries to summarise the present state of knowledge about the effect that different environmental stresses and culture conditions have on the olive fatty acid desaturation pathway. Special attention will be paid to the underlying molecular mechanisms by which olive fatty acid desaturases are regulated by temperature, light, nutrient availability and irrigation.
Negative parenting and functions of relational aggression: The moderating roles of gender and physiological reactivity
Authors: Lent Maria C. , Murray‐Close Dianna
Published: September 2021

Dimensions of negative parenting, including permissive, authoritarian, and psychologically controlling parenting behaviors, are associated with children's engagement in relational aggression. However, some youth may be more strongly influenced by negative parenting than others, and effects may depend on whether aggression is proactive or reactive in function. In a community sample of 236 preadolescent children followed over 1 year, we examined whether children's skin conductance level reactivity (an index of “fight or flight” response) and gender moderated links between parents' self‐reported negative parenting behaviors and increases in children's teacher‐reported proactive and reactive relational aggression. Findings indicated that negative parenting predicted increases in proactive and reactive relational aggression, and, consistent with differential susceptibility theory, effects often emerged among highly reactive youth. Associations between negative parenting and proactive relational aggression emerged for boys but not girls. Results tentatively suggest that associations between parenting and aggression vary by the function of aggression, children's physiological reactivity to stress, and gender, although results should be interpreted with caution due to high levels of missing data. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed.
3D Computed Tomography Quantifies the Dependence of Bulk Porosity, Surface Roughness, and Re‐Entrant Features on Build Angle in Additively Manufactured IN625 Lattice Struts
Authors: Fritsch Tobias , Farahbod-Sternahl Lena , Serrano-Muñoz Itziar , Léonard Fabien , Haberland Christoph , Bruno Giovanni
Published: September 2021

Layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing (AM) by means of laser‐powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) offers many prospects regarding the design of lattice structures used, for example, in gas turbines. However, defects such as bulk porosity, surface roughness, and re‐entrant features are exacerbated in nonvertical structures, such as tilted struts. The characterization and quantification of these kinds of defects are essential for the correct estimation of fracture and fatigue properties. Herein, cylindrical struts fabricated by L‐PBF are investigated by means of X‐ray computed tomography (XCT), with the aim of casting light on the dependence of the three kinds of defects (bulk porosity, surface roughness, and re‐entrant features) on the build angle. Innovative analysis methods are proposed to correlate shape and position of pores, to determine the angular‐resolved surface roughness, and to quantify the amount of re‐entrant surface features, q. A meshing of the XCT surface enables the correlation of q with the classical surface roughness P
a. This analysis leads to the conclusion that there is a linear correlation between q and P
a. However, it is conjectured that there must be a threshold of surface roughness, below which no re‐entrant features can be build.
Engineering Metal Nanoclusters for Targeted Therapeutics: From Targeting Strategies to Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lin Zhenkun , Goswami Nirmal , Xue Tiantian , Chai Osburg Jin Huang , Xu Hejie , Liu Yuxin , Su Yu , Xie Jianping
Published: September 2021

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have recently attracted great interest in biomedical applications due to their ultrasmall size, good biocompatibility, and unique molecule‐like physical and chemical properties. Metal NCs can be rationally designed and integrated with various targeting moieties to achieve unique physicochemical properties and functions. For therapeutic applications, these multifunctional surface‐modified NCs can provide distinctive advantages over native metal NCs, such as improved therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. In this review, the design principles of targeting strategies for metal NCs and their composites, including passive and active targeting, and physical and chemical targeting are first discussed. The authors then focus on the recent achievements in the application of metal NCs in targeted therapeutics, including chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. Finally, the authors’ perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of developing metal NCs in targeted therapeutics, further paving their way for potential clinical applications are provided.
Bu4NHSO4‐Catalyzed Direct N‐Allylation of Pyrazole and its Derivatives with Allylic Alcohols in Water: A Metal‐Free, Recyclable and Sustainable System
Authors: Zhuang Hongfeng , Lu Nan , Ji Na , Han Feng , Miao Chengxia
Published: September 2021

Allylic amines are valuable and functional building blocks. Direct N‐allylation of pyrazole and its derivatives as an atom economic strategy to provide allylic amines has been achieved only using commercial Bu4NHSO4 as the metal‐free catalyst and water as the solvent without any additives. 11–93% isolated yields were obtained for the N‐allylation of pyrazole and its derivatives with allylic alcohols. Bu4NHSO4 could be reused for six times by simple extraction nearly without loss of catalytic activity and was also suitable for a gram‐scale production. The reaction of allylic ether and pyrazole did not occur to give the desired product indicated that allylic ether was not the active intermediate in the pathway. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that there are hydrogen bonding effects among substrates, solvent and catalyst, especially the one formed between allylic alcohol and H2O. Control experiments in different protic solvents further demonstrate the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of allylic alcohol and water.

magnified image
Carrier Dynamics in Alloyed Chalcogenide Quantum Dots and Their Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Li Zhaohan , Wei Jing , Wang Fangfang , Tang Yanan , Li Anming , Guo Yating , Huang Pan , Brovelli Sergio , Shen Huaibin , Li Hongbo
Published: September 2021

Light‐emitting devices based on alloyed quantum dots have reached external quantum efficiencies above 20% in red, green, and blue emission devices. Their outstanding performances including high efficiency, long‐term device stability, and suppressed efficiency roll‐off identify alloyed‐quantum‐dot based light‐emitting devices as good candidates for next generation solid‐state lightings and displays. All these advantages stem from the chemical composition gradient of alloyed quantum dots in radial direction. The chemical composition gradient enables the lattice strain to be released gradually, eventually decreasing interface defects and suppressing Auger recombination. Carrier dynamics play a crucial role in the fundamental properties and functionalities of quantum dots for solid‐state devices and light‐emitting devices. A more in‐depth understanding of carrier dynamics in quantum dots is therefore of both fundamental and technological significance. This review article provides an overview on recent advances in the study and understanding of carrier dynamics of alloyed quantum dots and alloyed‐quantum‐dot based light‐emitting devices. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between Auger recombination and optical properties and optoelectronic properties. This review is expected to encourage further research in alloyed quantum dots and related devices and to stimulate new synthesis efforts to produce stable alloyed quantum dots with further improved control of carrier dynamics.
Aquaculture as a tool to support goby‐fry fishery? Current knowledge on biology and ecology of the red‐tailed goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus
Authors: Pouil Simon , Colsoul Bérenger
Published: September 2021

Sicydiinae species are amphidromous gobies, adults spawn in freshwater, whereas free embryos undergo a pelagic open sea phase. Post‐larvae or juveniles are caught for human consumption when entering in freshwater after their pelagic larvae life in seawater. Such goby‐fry fisheries are existing since centuries and widespread in tropical areas over the world. There are uncertainties related to caught volumes and trends but, overall, go‐fry fisheries are declining and their sustainability is questionable. Aquaculture is a potential tool in conservation and management of wild goby stocks. Among Sicydiinae species, the red‐tailed goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus is the most spread and used as a model species in numerous works involving amphidromous fish. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential in aquaculture of the red‐tailed goby through the analysis of the literature available on this species. We found that this species has some assets to be a potential candidate for aquaculture such as a short production cycle and a high fecundity as well as potential high market values. Nevertheless, given the small size at hatching and the long pelagic larval life, larval rearing is likely to be a challenging rearing phase but appears to be feasible based on past experiences with other goby species. Throughout the paper, we provided recommendations for future research in red‐tailed goby aquaculture.
Enantioselective Gel Phase Synthesis of Metal–Organic Materials
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Górecki Marcin , Pescitelli Gennaro , Damodaran Krishna K.
Published: September 2021

We report the asymmetric synthesis of homochiral metal–organic materials (MOMs) in chiral gels from achiral components. The enantioselectivity of MOMs depends on the chirality of the gel, whereas the synthesis performed in solution phase and achiral gels resulted in conglomerates.
O2‐Assisted Four‐Component Reaction of Vinyl Magnesium Bromide with Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Imines To Form syn‐1,3‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Wang Runping , Luo Jingfan , Zheng Chunmei , Zhang Hongyun , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei
Published: September 2021

An O2‐assisted, four‐component reaction has been developed to synthesize a wide range of syn‐1,3‐amino alcohols in one step. The reaction proceeds by oxygenation of vinyl magnesium bromide (component‐I) with O2 (component‐II) to give a magnesium enolate of acetaldehyde, which undergoes addition to a chiral N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imine (component‐III) followed by a sequential addition with excess vinyl magnesium bromide (component‐IV). The approach allows diastereoselective synthesis of anti/syn‐ and syn/syn‐3‐amino‐1,5‐diols in good yields with high diastereoselectivity. The method was illustrated in an efficient, four‐step synthesis of piperidine alkaloid (−)‐2′‐epi‐ethylnorlobelol.
Advances in non‐palladium‐catalysed Stille couplings
Authors: Aleena Mary Baby , Philip Rose Mary , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: September 2021

Stille coupling is regarded as a powerful tool in the synthesis of a wide range of functionalised C–C bonds due to the high stability, availability and broad functional group compatibility of the organostannanes. This is the first review solely focused on the role of the non‐palladium transition metals in Stille coupling with emphasis on their catalytic capacity and mechanistic details. Several transition metals including Mn, Ni, Cu, Rh, Pt, and Au are found highly efficient in the coupling with Cu having the largest reports. Importantly, Cu‐catalysed Stille couplings formed the key stages in the synthesis of therapeutic molecules like 4(S)‐11‐diHDHA and Spliceostatin derivatives.

Greener protocols including reusable heterogeneous catalytic systems are promising alternatives and some have even shown dominance over Pd catalysts. This review comprises all available literature on non‐palladium Stille coupling up to June 2021.
Nanosensing colon cancer biomarker on zeolite‐modified gap‐fingered dielectrodes
Authors: Gao Ming , Sun Yuansong , Wang Qi , Ma Shuaiting , Guo Xinwei , Zhou Lingling , Chen Yeng , Marimuthu Kasi , Gopinath Subash C.B.
Published: September 2021

Nanomaterial on the sensing area elevates the biomolecular immobilization by its right orientation with a proper alignment, and zeolite is one of the suitable materials. In this research, the zeolite nanoparticles were synthesized using rice hush ash as the basic source and the prepared zeolite by the addition of sodium silicate was utilized to attach antibody as a probe on a gap‐fingered dielectrode surface to identify the colon cancer biomarker, “colon cancer‐secreted protein‐2” (CCSP‐2). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy images confirmed the size of the nanoparticle to be ∼15 nm and the occurrence of silica and alumina. Zeolite was modified on the electrode surface through the amine linker, and then anti‐CCSP‐2 was attached by an aldehyde linker. On this surface, CCSP‐2 was detected and attained the detection limit to be 3 nM on the linear regression curve with 3–5 nM of CCSP‐2. Estimated by the determination coefficient of y = 2.3952x – 4.4869 and R2 = 9041 with 3δ (n = 3). In addition, control proteins did not produce the notable current response representing the specific sensing of CCSP‐2. This research is suitable to identify CCSP‐2 at a lower level in the bloodstream under the physiological condition of a colon cancer patient.
Monitoringbasierter Ermüdungsnachweis der genieteten Stahlkonstruktion einer Bahnbrücke
Authors: Schiltz Philippe , Brühwiler Eugen
Published: September 2021

Die Ermüdungssicherheit einer Bahnbrücke in genieteter Stahlbauweise mit aufgesetztem Schottertrog, die seit 1897 in Betrieb ist, wurde anhand eines Monitorings nachgewiesen. Es wurde die Ermüdungsbeanspruchung durch 52.060 Züge während 414 Messtagen aufgenommen. Die größten gemessenen Spannungswerte von 33 MPa traten im maßgebenden Zuggurt in Feldmitte des Fachwerkträgers einer Spannweite von 20 m auf und wurden durch die Lokomotiven erzeugt. Die für den Ermüdungsnachweis maßgebenden Spannungsdifferenzen waren damit deutlich kleiner als die Dauerfestigkeit des Nietdetails. Die Ermüdungssicherheit wurde somit aufgrund des Monitorings bereits auf der Stufe der Dauerfestigkeit nachgewiesen. Die Nietkonstruktion ist folglich betreffend Ermüdung nicht kritisch und wird im Hinblick auf eine lange künftige Nutzungsdauer ertüchtigt. Die Messungen zeigen außerdem die erwarteten großen Unterschiede zwischen gemessenen und anhand einer Nachrechnung berechneten Spannungsgrößen.
The Importance of Seeing Your Organization as Others Do
Authors: Coffaro Dave
Published: September 2021

Dave Coffaro provides strategic management consultation and executive coaching to for‐profit and nonprofit businesses. In addition, he serves as board chair for the Second Harvest Food Bank of Orange County and as a director of Members Trust Company. In this article, Dave discusses the importance of organizational self‐awareness in earning and sustaining relevance with stakeholders.
Determination of progesterone (steroid drug) in the semi‐solid dosage form (vaginal gel) using a stability‐indicating method by RP‐HPLC/PDA detector
Authors: Konduru Naresh , Kethe Vijay Babu , Gundla Rambabu , Katari Naresh Kumar , Mallavarapu Ravindra
Published: September 2021

A simple stability‐indicating method was developed and validated for the determination of progesterone (a steroid drug) in the semi‐solid dosage form. All the impurities were separated from the main compound with a simple stationary phase (Eclipse XDB, C8, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase A contained phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 90:10, v/v, and mobile phase B contained purified water and acetonitrile in the ratio of 10:90, v/v. The optimized chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate, 1.0 mL min−1; UV detection, 241 nm; injection volume, 10 μL; and the column temperature, 30°C. The method was validated as per the current ICH Q2 guidelines. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from 50 to 300% optimal concentrations. The method validation results were found between 98 and 102% for accuracy and r2 = 0.999 for linearity. Forced degradation in hydrolytic, oxidative, thermolytic, and photostability conditions was performed, and the stability indicating nature of the method was proved. Based on the validation and forced degradation results, the current method was found to be specific, precise, accurate, linear, robust, and stability‐indicating method. The developed method was cost effective and easy to handle for quality control analysis.
Increased risk of second primary malignancies among endometrial cancer survivors receiving surgery alone: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Lai Yen‐Ling , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Chen Yu‐Li , You San‐Lin , Chen Yun‐Yuan , Chiang Ying‐Cheng , Tai Yi‐Jou , Hsu Heng‐Cheng , Chen Chi‐An , Cheng Wen‐Fang
Published: September 2021

Background

Women with endometrial cancer (EC) have favorable prognoses, leaving them vulnerable to the development of second primary cancers (SPCs). We investigated the SPC risk and survival outcomes among EC patients treated with surgery alone in order to exclude the impact of adjuvant treatment on the results.

Methods

Data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2013 were analyzed. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of SPCs among EC survivors were calculated.

Results

Among 7725 women enrolled, 478 developed an SPC. The overall SIR for SPCs in EC survivors was 2.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.59–3.10) compared with the general female population. Women diagnosed with EC at age <50 years had a higher SIR for an SPC than those diagnosed at age ≥50 years (SIR = 4.38 vs. 1.28). The most frequent site of an SPC was the small intestine (SIR = 8.39, 95% CI 2.72–19.58), followed by the kidney (SIR = 4.84, 95% CI 1.78–10.54), and oral cavity (SIR = 4.52, 95% CI 2.17–8.31). Women, regardless of age at EC diagnosis, had significantly higher SIRs for subsequent breast, colorectal, lung, and thyroid cancer, and lymphoma. Women with an SPC had shorter overall survival than those without (5‐year: 88.9 vs. 94.2%, 10‐year: 71.3 vs. 89.8%, 15‐year: 62.3 vs. 86.1%, and 20‐year: 47.6 vs. 81.1%, all ps<0.001).

Conclusions

Even women treated for EC with surgery alone, especially young EC survivors, had an increased risk of SPCs. Genetic counseling/testing is recommended for young EC patients, and all are recommended to receive regular surveillance and screening for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
Exercise intervention decreases acute and late doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Wang Fei , Chandra Joya , Kleinerman Eugenie S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapy agents used to treat adolescent and young adult sarcoma patients. Unfortunately, Dox causes cardiotoxicities that compromise long‐term survival. We investigated whether exercise prevented cardiotoxicity and increased survival following myocardial infarction.

Methods

Juvenile mice received Dox, Dox + exercise (Exer), Dox then exercise or were exercised during and after Dox. Mice were evaluated by echocardiography and histology immediately after therapy and 12 weeks later. Mice subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery 90 days after therapy were assessed for survival at 45 and 100 days.

Results

Mice treated with Dox, but not Dox + Exer, had decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) immediately after Dox therapy, which continued to deteriorate over 12 weeks with the development of diastolic failure and fibrosis. Acute Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity was documented by induction of autophagy and abnormal mitochondria and vascular architecture with decreased pericytes. These abnormalities persisted 12 weeks after therapy. These acute and late changes were not seen in the Dox + Exer group. Initiating exercise after Dox therapy promoted recovery of EF and FS with no functional or histologic evidence of Dox‐induced damage 12 weeks after therapy. Survival rates at 100 days after MI were 67% for control mice, 22% for mice that received Dox alone, and 56% for mice that received Dox + Exer.

Conclusions

Exercise inhibited both early and late Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity and increased recovery from an ischemic event. Exercise interventions have the potential to decrease Dox‐induced cardiac morbidity.
A retrospective records study of patterns in mental health and criminal justice service use by people found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder
Authors: Vaughan Adam D. , Hewitt Ashley N. , Verdun‐Jones Simon N. , Brink Johann
Published: September 2021

Background

While the presence or absence of previous healthcare and criminal justice system (CJS) contacts in the histories of mentally ill offenders has been well‐studied, the frequency of these contacts and when they occur in the period leading up to an index criminal event has received less research attention.

Aims

To explore patterns of healthcare and CJS use in the year prior to a criminal act leading to a Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) finding in Canada.

Methods

In this 3‐year retrospective records study, the case files of all patients newly admitted to the British Columbia forensic psychiatric system after a finding of NCRMD between 1st July 2012 and 31st July 2015 were reviewed. Data were extracted on healthcare and CJS use for the 12 months before the act leading to the NCRMD finding. Time‐based descriptive statistics and two‐step cluster analysis were used to investigate service use patterns.

Results

Among 94 eligible patients, only four had no service contacts in the year leading up to the index event, leaving 90 in the cohort for further analysis. On average, these 90 patients had seven contacts with health or criminal justice services in the year prior to the index offence. Cluster analysis revealed a high healthcare pathway group who had had many healthcare and few CJS contacts; a limited service user group who had had few contacts of any kind and a heavy service user group who had had a high volume of contacts with both types of service providers.

Conclusions

The different patterns of patient contact prior to the index event imply that each practitioner‐type has distinct and temporally relevant opportunities to provide preventative interventions to their patients or user groups.
Regulating Lithium Plating and Stripping by Using Vertically Aligned Graphene/CNT Channels Decorated with ZnO Particles
Authors: Chen Shang , Tao Kangjia , Chen Xin , Meng Yongqiang , Wang Manyun , Zhou Ji , Chen Chao , Wang Yulin , Nam Hui Kwun , Bielawski Christopher W. , Geng Jianxin
Published: September 2021

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the ultimate anode material for use in Li batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g−1). However, the Li dendrites that are generated during iterative Li plating/stripping cycles cause poor cycling stability and even present safety risks, and thus severely handicap the commercial utility of Li metal anodes. Herein, we describe a graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based Li host material that features vertically aligned channels with attached ZnO particles (designated ZnO@G‐CNT‐C) and show that the material effectively regulates Li plating and stripping. ZnO@G‐CNT‐C is prepared from an aqueous suspension of Zn(OAc)2, CNTs, and graphene oxide by using ice to template channel growth. ZnO@G‐CNT‐C was found to be mechanically robust and capable of guiding Li deposition on the inner walls of the channels without the formation of Li dendrites. When used as an electrode, the material exhibits relatively low polarization for Li plating, fast Li‐ion diffusion, and high Coulombic efficiency, even over hundreds of Li plating/stripping cycles. Moreover, full cells prepared with ZnO@G‐CNT‐C as Li host and LiFePO4 as cathode exhibit outstanding performance in terms of specific capacity (155.9 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C), rate performance (91.8 mA h g−1 at 4 C), cycling stability (109.4 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C after 800 cycles). The methodology described can be readily adapted to enable the use of carbon‐based electrodes with well‐defined channels in a wide range of contemporary applications that pertain to energy storage and delivery.