bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability and changes in carbon stocks of a Regosols (Psamments) cultivated with sisal
Authors: Sacramento José A. A. S. do , Santos Jorge A. G. , Loureiro Diego C. , Costa Oldair V. , Cova Alide M. W.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Information on spatial variability and soil carbon stocks after the conversion of Caatinga vegetation to different cropping systems is scarce. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability and to evaluate the changes in carbon stocks and the emission of greenhouse gases after the conversion of Caatinga vegetation with different sisal cultivation systems. The study was carried out in three areas in the city of Valente, Bahia, two areas that had been cultivated for 20 years with sisal in either a traditional (TSC) or alternative (ASC) system, and the third area containing natural Caatinga vegetation. The cultivated soils were sampled at 40 soil sampling points with 15 × 10 m spacing at depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Total organic carbon (TOC) stocks had spatial dependence and the isoline maps allowed the variability in the studied depths to be analyzed. The conversion of Caatinga vegetation to sisal cultivation using traditional farming systems caused a 30% decrease in soil TOC stocks. Moreover, the alternative culture system caused an 11% increase in soil TOC stocks. The emission factor or carbon absorption due to changes in land use after 20 years was 0.66 t ha-1 yr-1 of carbon in the traditional farming system and -0.25 t ha-1 yr-1 of carbon in the alternative culture system.
Do enzyme inhibitors dicyandiamide and NBPT influence the microbial immobilization of phosphorus in Humic Cambisol?
Authors: Dall’Orsoletta Daniel J. , Gatiboni Luciano C. , Schmitt Djalma E. , Arruda Bruna , Heidemann Joice C.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The application of nitrogen fertilizers, both organic and mineral, can cause nitrate losses by leaching. To minimize this effect, enzyme inhibitors are used. However, the effects on microbial biomass, which is the most sensitive and dynamic compartment of nutrients in the soil, as well as its effect on nutrients such as phosphorus (P) are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the enzyme inhibitor (EI) on soil microbial phosphorus (Pm) when mineral fertilizer (NPK) or liquid swine manure (LSM) was applied in corn cultivation. The experiment was installed in a Humic Cambisol in Lages – SC, Brazil (27° 47’ 08” S; 50° 18’ 09” W) in the 2012/2013 season. The treatments consisted of: i) NPK; ii) NPK + EI; iii) LSM; iv) LSM + EI, applied before sowing of corn, and v) control (without application of fertilizer and enzyme inhibitor) arranged in a randomized block design, under no-tillage system. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.10 m layer at 0, 10, 25, 58, 90, 135 and 202 days after application of the treatments. The Pm content was not affected by the enzyme inhibitor application but was influenced throughout the crop cycle in response to water balance and corn cultivation.
Physical properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grains during convective drying
Authors: Quequeto Wellytton D. , Siqueira Valdiney C. , Schoeninger Vanderleia , Martins Elton A. S. , Isquierdo Eder P. , Silva Fernanda P. da
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Buckwheat is a prominent crop in present-day agriculture due to its nutraceutical properties; however, information on this crop regarding the post-harvest process is scarce, as well as the characterization of its physical properties and such information is essential for the development and improvement of machinery used in post-harvest processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the volumetric shrinkage, porosity, bulk density and true density of buckwheat grains throughout the drying process, as well as to fit mathematical models to the experimental values of true and bulk volumetric shrinkages. Buckwheat grains of the cultivar IPR 91 - Baili with an initial moisture content of 0.250 (decimal, dry basis.) were used. The samples used to determine the physical properties were subjected to oven drying with forced air circulation stabilized at 40 ± 1 °C. The mass of the samples was periodically weighed, so that when the product reached predetermined values of moisture content, the samples were removed and their physical properties were determined. It is concluded that the reduction in moisture content during drying causes increase in bulk density, true density and porosity. The reduction of the moisture content influences bulk volumetric shrinkage and true volumetric shrinkage of the grains, causing reductions in their values of approximately 14.47 and 14.70%, respectively, and a linear model can represent both variables satisfactorily.
Néctar misto de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Câmera) e mangaba (Hancornia Speciosa Gomes): elaboração e avaliação da qualidade
Authors: Lima Lana Leite de Almeida , Oliveira e Silva Ana Mara , Ferreira Igor Macedo , Nunes Tatiana Pacheco , Carvalho Michelle Garcêz de
Published: October 2018

Resumo Objetivou-se elaborar três formulações de néctar misto de umbu e mangaba, além de avaliá-las quanto às suas características microbiológicas, sensoriais, físico-químicas e químicas. Antes da elaboração do néctar, três marcas de polpas de umbu e duas marcas de polpas de mangaba foram avaliadas físico-quimicamente (pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, ratio, vitamina C) e quantificados os fenólicos totais. Escolhida a marca da polpa de cada fruta, iniciou-se a elaboração dos néctares simples (umbu ou mangaba), seguida da avaliação microbiológica e análise sensorial prévia, para encontrar a doçura ideal. Posteriormente, três formulações de néctar misto foram preparadas, sendo a formulação 1 composta por 25% umbu e 25% mangaba; a formulação 2 composta por 20% umbu e 30% mangaba, e a formulação 3 composta por 30% umbu e 20% mangaba, as quais foram avaliadas microbiológica, sensorial, físico-química e quimicamente. As amostras de néctares estavam seguras microbiologicamente. As três formulações de néctar misto apresentaram a mesma aceitabilidade, com índice de aceitação acima de 70%. Além disso, apresentaram os mesmos sólidos solúveis totais, fenólicos totais e atividade de sequestrar o radical difenil-picril-hidrazina. Contudo, a formulação 2 foi a mais indicada do ponto de vista nutricional e a formulação 3, a mais indicada para aplicação comercial.
Produção de biomassa e lipídios pela levedura Rhodotorula mucilaginosa utilizando a manipueira como substrato
Authors: Silva Josevan da , Silva Flávio Luiz Honorato da , Santos Sharline Florentino de Melo , Ribeiro José Evangelista Santos , Medeiros Lorena Lucena de , Ferreira Andrea Lopes de Oliveira
Published: October 2018

Resumo Devido à elevada e intensa atividade industrial, todos os dias são gerados milhares de toneladas de resíduos agroindustriais. Um desses resíduos, a manipueira, é um líquido obtido durante o processamento da mandioca. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da variação da concentração de manipueira sobre a produção de biomassa e lipídios pela levedura Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Foram produzidos 4,1, 6,95, 5,77 g.L -1 de biomassa e 13,33%, 7,71% e 8,47% de lipídios nos cultivos com 50%, 75% e 100% de manipueira, respectivamente. No cultivo realizado em meio sintético, produziram-se 9,39 g.L-1 de biomassa e 41,92% de lipídios. O cultivo com 100% de manipueira apresentou o melhor coeficiente de conversão de açúcares redutores em biomassa e o cultivo em meio sintético o melhor coeficiente para lipídios. Dessa forma, a manipueira mostrou ser um bom substrato para o crescimento da levedura Rhodotorula mucilaginosa e para a produção de lipídios, sendo que essa produção ainda pode ser otimizada.
Otomorphs (= otocephalans or ostarioclupeomorphs) revisited
Authors: Arratia Gloria
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT A morphological revision is presented here on the cohort Otomorpha, a clade currently interpreted as the most primitive among the large supercohort Clupeocephala. Otomorpha is a morphologically heterogeneous group represented by clupei forms , alepocephaliforms, and ostariophysans (gonorynchiforms, cypriniforms, characiforms, siluriforms, and gymnoti forms) that inhabit various marine and freshwater environments worldwide. Otomorphs have a long (ca. 145 Ma) and diverse fossil record. They are the largest fish teleostean clade worldwide, as well as the largest of the Neotropical Region. While molecular studies strongly confirm the monophyly of Otomorpha, most potential morphological synapomorphies of the group become homoplastic largely due to the peculiar morphological character states (either losses or transformations) present in alepocephaliforms. The fusion of haemal arches with their respective vertebral centra anterior to preural centrum 2 stands as an unambiguous synapomorphy of the clade. The ankylosis or fusion of the extrascapular and parietal bones, and silvery areas associated with the gas bladder are also interpreted as synapomorphies, although they are homoplastic characters mainly due to secondary losses or further transformations of the morphological features in the alepocephaliforms.
O intérprete de libras-português no contexto de conferência: reflexões sobre sua atuação
Authors: Santos Kátia Andréia Souza dos , Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Esta pesquisa aborda o ato interpretativo e tem como objetivo conhecer melhor a atuação do intérprete de língua brasileira de sinais (Libras), que atua na modalidade simultânea, no contexto de Conferências acadêmicas. A reflexão sobre esta prática baseia-se em autores que se fundamentam em conceitos bakhtinianos. Assim, foi desenvolvida pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, usando a técnica da autoconfrontação simples na coleta de dados. O estudo mostrou que a conferência é um contexto complexo de atuação para esses profissionais, quanto: (i) ao tempo necessário para tomada de decisões; (ii) à exposição resultante do destaque físico; (iii) à posição, ao lado ou um pouco à frente no palco, e (iv) ao preparo, que por vários motivos nem sempre é possível ser previamente executado. A compreensão mais aprofundada do contexto de interpretação em Conferência favorece a proposição de ações formativas adequadas às demandas e indica a necessidade de novos estudos nesse campo.
Reflexões acerca da presença de intérpretes de língua de sinais nos anos iniciais de escolarização
Authors: Lodi Ana Claudia Balieiro , Peluso Leonardo
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar a prática dos intérpretes de língua de sinais - línguas orais nos anos iniciais de escolarização e discutir as implicações da presença deste profissional para os processos de assimilação da língua de sinais pelos alunos surdos e para seus processos de aprendizagem escolar. Conclui-se que, por meio destes profissionais, além de ser mantida a reprodução ideológica que privilegia grupos de poder político, linguístico, social e cultural, uma nova relação de poder tem sido estabelecida no interior da escola, contribuindo para a exclusão educacional dos surdos. Torna-se assim premente uma ressignificação do conceito de inclusão, distanciando-se daquele que o reduz aos espaços escolares, para um sentido mais amplo, que assegure o reconhecimento social, cultural e linguístico das pessoas surdas em todas as esferas sociais.
O tipping point: usando o discurso diagnóstico de pacientes simulados para educar intérpretes médicos
Authors: Dean Robyn K.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Em detrimento do acúmulo de 10.000 horas de prática antes do domínio sobre algo - o famoso tipping point de Ericsson - intérpretes médicos podem ganhar considerável experiência ao analisar vídeos de interações médico-paciente, mesmo quando esse par fala a mesma língua. Os hospitais-escola comumente filmam tais interações usando pacientes simulados (PSs). Tais filmes têm sido usados em instruções de aula com intérpretes. Aqui, é descrito o uso recente de filmes com PS em um ambiente de aprendizado online, no qual fóruns de discussão e fichas de atividade suplantaram os métodos de trabalho convencionais. Nessa abordagem de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP), típica da educação médica, estudantes de pós-graduação em interpretação em serviços de saúde se familiarizam com o discurso típico de diagnóstico e tratamento. Os alunos relataram que essa familiarização os ajudou a liberar seus recursos cognitivos para planejar e monitorar traduções e outras decisões imediatas. Os materiais e métodos de aprendizado usados nessa abordagem online são descritos detalhadamente. O valor do contexto da ABP é descrito em relação às abordagens educacionais de interpretação para o sistema de saúde de modo geral.
Using palynological evidence from royal jelly to mediate the spread of Paenibacillus larvae in Brazil
Authors: Luz Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da , Guimarães-Cestaro Lubiane , Serrão José Eduardo , Message Dejair , Martins Marta Fonseca , Alves Maria Luisa Teles Marques Florêncio , Seijo-Coello María Carmen , Teixeira Érica Weinstein
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Royal jelly may contain pollen grains and their presence can be used to determine the phytogeographical origin of the product. This study analyzed the phytogeographical origin of commercial royal jelly samples from São Paulo State, tested as part of the Brazilian Federal Inspection System (SIF), found to be contaminated with spores of the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, that causes the American Foulbrood Disease. The pollen grains of Castanea had the highest total percentage, with lower percentages of Cirsium/Carduus, Cistus, Parthenocissus, Prunus, Quercus, Robinia, Scrophulariaceae, Taraxacum, Tilia, among others. This pollen spectrum is incompatible with royal jelly samples produced in Brazil. The pollen spectrum resembled that of an imported product, compatible with the Northern Hemisphere origin. Brazilian legislation does not require the phytogeographic origin of imported bee products to be analyzed by palynological procedures, but it is mandatory to have a certificate issued by the country of origin attesting the absence of pathogens, monitored with the objective of preventing the exotic diseases from entering Brazil. Palynology, therefore, proved to be fundamental in detecting imports of this contaminated batches.
Estruturas secretoras em folha e caule de Esenbeckia febrifuga (A.St.-Hil.) A. Juss. ex Mart. e Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. (Rutaceae)
Authors: Franco Maria Júlia Camillo Silva , Albiero Adriana Lenita Meyer
Published: October 2018

RESUMO As estruturas secretoras das rutáceas possuem grande importância, uma vez que existe interesse econômico nos precursores de fármacos geralmente armazenados e/ou produzidos por estas. Sendo assim, foi realizada a caracterização das estruturas secretoras do caule e da folha de Esenbeckia febrifuga e Esenbeckia grandiflora, enfatizando a ontogênese das cavidades e do tricoma peltado (em E. febrifuga). Foram observadas cavidades secretoras de óleo, tricomas glandulares e idioblastos com óleos, alcaloides e cristais de oxalato de cálcio. Esses distribuem-se aleatoriamente nos órgãos analisados,sendo mais abundantes nos órgãos jovens. Tricomas glandulares com cabeça secretora e simetria tetrâmera foram observados pela primeira vez em espécies de Rutaceae. As cavidades observadas possuem origem subepidérmica e desenvolvimento esquizolisígeno, assim como outras espécies da mesma subtribo. Foram registrados processos de secreção écrino, granulócrino e holócrino, comuns às estruturas secretoras, por meio da análise ultraestrutural das cavidades. Tais características são valorosas para futuros estudos taxonômicos do grupo.
Germination of Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied. seeds under different temperature and storage conditions
Authors: Gentil Daniel Felipe de Oliveira , Ferreira Sidney Alberto do Nascimento , Rebouças Elizabeth Rodrigues
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Psidium friedrichsthalianum is a species whose fruit can be used to make juices, jellies/jams and sweets, and its seedlings serve as rootstocks with resistance to Meloidogyne spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of seeds of this species at different germination temperatures, and to verify the effects of different moisture levels on their storage in two experiments. In the first, six germination temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ºC) were evaluated, and in the second, seeds with different moisture levels (15.4, 9.8, 9.0, 8.4, and 8.2%) were stored in sealed containers at 20 °C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Seed germination was favored by temperatures of 20 ºC and 25 ºC, reaching 93% and 87%, respectively, along with the highest germination speed indexes (2.582% day1 and 2.568% day-1) and shortest germination times (37.9 and 36.9 days). Temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C maintained the seeds quiescent, while 40 °C was lethal. In storage, the seeds tolerated desiccation to 8.2% moisture content and could be stored in sealed containers at 20 ºC for 12 months, with germination higher than 70%.
Seed germination of three endangered subspecies of Discocactus Pfeiff. (Cactaceae) in response to environmental factors
Authors: Nascimento Joana Paula Bispo , Meiado Marcos Vinicius , Siqueira-Filho José Alves
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Temperature, light, water availability and excessive salt in the soil are among the abiotic factors that most influence the germination process in semiarid ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of these abiotic factors on seed germination in three subspecies of cactus: Discocactus bahiensis, D. zehntneri subsp. petr-halfarii and D. zehntneri subsp. zehntneri. Seeds were set for germination under two light conditions (12-h light/dark photoperiod and continuous darkness) and 10 temperature treatments [eight constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C) and two alternating temperatures (30 to 20 °C and 35 to 25 °C)]. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used to simulate water and saline stress, respectively, with the following osmotic potentials: 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8 and -1.0 MPa. Three subspecies were positive photoblastic. The optimum temperature for germination was 25 to 35 ºC for D. bahiensis and D. zehntneri subsp. zehntneri, and 30 to 35 ºC for D. zehntneri subsp. petr-halfarii. The seeds of all three subspecies exhibited tolerance to water and saline stress, as germination was observed at potentials for up to -0.6 MPa in the PEG and NaCl solutions.
Physiological potential of soybean seeds over storage after industrial treatment
Authors: Pereira Lucas Caiubi , Garcia Mayara Mariana , Braccini Alessandro Lucca , Ferri Gláucia Cristina , Suzukawa Andreia Kazumi , Marteli Danilo Cesar Volpato , Matera Thaisa Cavalieri , Pereira Renata Cristiane , Correia Larissa Vinis
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of industrial seed treatments on the physiological potential of soybean seeds over storage. Four mixtures of agrochemical products in association with two fertilizers were tested. The agrochemical product mixtures were carbendazim/thiram + imidacloprid/thiodicarb; pyraclostrobin, thiophanate-methyl, and fipronil; thiophanate-methyl/fluazinam + bifenthrin/imidacloprid; and metalaxyl-m/fludioxonil + thiamethoxam. The two fertilizers were 7% N, 16% P2O5, 0.6% Co, and 2.5% Mo; and 1% Co, 10% Mo, and 7% P2 O5. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a split-plot arrangement in time, with four replications. The treatments were allocated in the plots, while the storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days) constituted the split-plots. The following tests were carried out in each period: first count of germination, germination, accelerated aging, emergence speed index in sand substrate, and final seedling emergence in sand substrate. Seed germination and vigor declined over the storage period, especially after industrial treatment. Pesticide mixtures of a carbendazim/thiram fungicide base and an imidacloprid/thiodicarb insecticide base most impaired seed physiological potential throughout storage, regardless of fertilizer use in the industrial treatment.
Thermodynamic properties for different equilibrium moisture content in sunn hemp seeds
Authors: Granella Suian José , Christ Divair , Bechlin Taise Raquel , Werncke Ivan , Coelho Silvia Renata Machado
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Losses of agroindustry are generally wet products that must be dried to posterior use and storage. In order to optimize drying processes, the study of isotherms and thermodynamic properties become essential to understand the water sorption mechanisms of agricultural products. Thus, the objective in this study was to determine and evaluate the thermodynamic properties for different equilibrium moisture contents in sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth) seeds, using the direct static method to obtain the experimental data. The Chung-Pfost model was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of sunn hemp seeds. In according to results, thermodynamic properties were influenced by moisture content. The water vaporization latent heat increased with the decrease in equilibrium moisture content. The sunn hemp desorption process was controlled by entropy. Gibbs free energy is negative indicating that the desorption process of sunn hemp seeds was spontaneous.
Physical, physiological and anatomical changes in Erythrina speciosa Andrews seeds from different seasons related to the dormancy degree
Authors: Molizane Debora Manzano , Julio Pricila Greyse dos Santos , Carmello-Guerreiro Sandra Maria , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Dormancy, a process that allows seeds to survive in adverse environments, needs to be broken for germination to start, for example, by the disruption of the impermeable layer of seeds. Mature seeds of Erythrina speciosa present seed coat impermeability, whose degree depends on the year of production. The objective of this study was to analyze the physical, physiological, anatomical, and ultrastructural seed coat modifications, according to the environmental conditions in which seeds were produced, as well as the seed sensitivity to treatments as for breaking dormancy. E. speciosa seeds were collected for six years in a row and were analyzed as for dormancy degree. Moreover, chemical scarifications by different immersion times were applied on seeds from two production years, as well as mechanical scarification, which was an efficient methodology to overcome dormancy. Different immersion times by acid scarification were necessary to break dormancy in each harvest year. It was possible to conclude that the climatic conditions under which the mother plant is submitted can influence the dormancy degree of E. speciosa seeds, but the expected anatomical changes between dormant and non-dormant seeds were not found in seeds from this species.
A new approach towards the so-called recalcitrant seeds
Authors: Barbedo Claudio José
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Water is essential, irreplaceable, and indispensable for any kind of carbon-based-life metabolic activity. Water-dependent living beings are the expected pattern in nature. However, some organisms can survive for some time at a minimum water content, such as seeds of some species (orthodox seeds). Nevertheless, the expected standard life behavior is found in seeds of another group of species, the so-called recalcitrant seeds, which are sensitive to desiccation. A huge range of different behaviors can be found between these two groups, leading authors to consider that orthodoxy and recalcitrance is not an all-or-nothing situation. Notwithstanding, we are still too far from understanding the differences and similarities between all these kinds of seeds and this has been a serious barrier to the development of plant conservation technologies. A new approach to understanding the differences between these seeds is presented here based on seed maturation, environmental influences, and evolution. From this point of view, all kinds of seed behavior are contemplated and, consequently, some new perspectives are considered for the recalcitrant seed conservation technology, the most intensely desired technology nowadays in this area.
Optimum Weed Control Method Increases the Yield of Kinnow by Improving the Physical Properties of Soil
Authors: SAJID M. , AHMAD S. , JASKANI M.J. , YASIN M.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Going towards sustainable fruit culture, it is very important that soil fertility should maintain by adopting the proper weeds control and adding the organic matter. This research was carried out to identify the most suitable weed control method for Kinnow orchard. The plants of Kinnow at the age of 6 years grown under drip irrigation were selected. Weeds of orchard were managed by mulching (wood chip and black polyethylene), mechanical (cultivator and rotavator) and chemical (glyphosate) methods. Mechanical weed control was taken as control treatment. The plants where wood chip mulching was used for weed control showed maximum increase in shoot length (24.00 cm), chlorophyll contents (84.00 SPAD value) and yield (11.88 ton ha-1) followed by the plants where weeds were controlled with chemical control while lowest shoot length (12.00 and 12.33 cm), chlorophyll contents (41.00 and 42.67 SPAD value) and yield (3.80 and 4.70 ton) was achieved in cultivator and rotavator treatment respectively. Wood chip mulch also improved soil physical properties by reducing bulk density (1.49 Mg m-3), soil penetration resistance (785.33 kPa) and by enhancing soil organic matter (1.17%), hydraulic conductivity (34.50 mm/hr-1) and soil microbial biomass carbon (159.68 g kg-1) followed by glyphosate control while lowest values of soil physical properties were obtained in cultivator and rotavator weed control. Wood chip mulch also reduced weed dry weight (45.25 g) and efficiently controlled weeds (95.66%) as compared to other weed control methods. In this case, wood chip mulch performed better in all studied parameters than plastic mulch, rotavator, cultivator and glyphosate weed control. So, wood chip mulch should be recommended to citrus grower for improving soil physical properties and yield.
Demographic and Phenological Studies on David’s Spurge (Euphorbia davidii) in the Central Area of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
Authors: NÚÑEZ FRÉ F.R. , JUAN V.F. , SAINT ANDRÉ H.M. , CHANTRE G.R.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: David’s Spurge is an spring-summer annual weed, present in the central area of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Field studies were carried out during 2011/12 and 2013/14 to assess demography and population dynamics and determine a thermal time scale of this species. At the experimental site, 1 m² quadrants were established as observational plots, four per cohort. The number of individuals at each phenological stage and from each cohort was recorded weekly. At the end of the experiment, all plots were harvested, and seed production was determined. A thermal time scale was established to identify the occurrence of the different phenological events. Three cohorts were detected, the first one emerged in mid-October, the second one in early November, and the last cohort varied from late November till early January, totalling an average of 1,500 m-2. Over 80% of the evaluated emergences belonged to the first and second cohorts in both periods. Thermal time requirements calculated to reach the 2-4 leaves, 6-8 leaves, branching, and flowering stages, were 192, 370, 515 and 1,155 oCd, respectively. Average seed production in the first, second and third cohort was 5,700, 6,400 and 1,900 seeds m-2, respectively. However, the total number of propagules from the sum of the three cohorts was similar in both years, about 14,000 seeds m-2. Results from this study will foster a better understanding of the ecophysiology of Euphorbia davidii in the study area, and it may be a valuable contribution from an integrated weed management perspective.
Yield Losses and Economic Threshold of GR® F2 Volunteer Corn in Bean
Authors: PIASECKI C. , RIZZARDI M.A.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Volunteer corn has high competitive capacity with bean, and the degree of interference varies as a function of corn density and origin (individual plant or clump). This study aimed to quantify bean yield losses under interference with densities of individual plants and clumps (seven plants at the same point) of GR® F2 volunteer corn and calculate the economic threshold (ET). Two experiments were carried out in a randomized blocks design with three replicates in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. The studied volunteer corn densities were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 individual plants and clumps m-2. The bean yield was assessed and calculated the yield losses (%) in response to volunteer corn interference. The yield loss data were fitted to the rectangular hyperbola model to generate the parameters for ET determining. ET was calculated as a function of cost (US$ ha-1) and control efficiency (%) of volunteer corn, the price paid for bean (US$ kg-1), and bean yield (kg ha-1). Interferences caused by densities of volunteer corn of 0.5, 1, and 2 individual plants and clumps m-2 in bean resulted in yield losses of 9%, 17%, and 30%, and 33%, 51%, and 70%, respectively. The ET of volunteer corn on bean was, on average, 0.21 individual plants m-2 and 0.04 clumps m-2. Increases in yield and price paid for beans, higher efficiency of volunteer corn control, and a decrease in costs of control promote a reduction in ET. Interferences caused by clumps resulted in higher bean yield losses than individual plants.
Performance of processing tomatoes under different supply levels of crop evapotranspiration
Authors: Silva Cícero J , Pontes Nadson C , Golynski Adelmo , Braga Marcos B , Quezado-Duval Alice M , Silva Nikson EP
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Irrigation management is essential to promote appropriate plant growth and guarantee production and quality of the tomatoes for processing, increases the efficiency of nutrients use and contributes to ensure the sustainability of the production chain. This study was installed to evaluate productive performance of two processing tomato hybrids submitted to five water depths under drip irrigation system. Five levels of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement (60%, 100%, 140%, 180% and 220%) and two tomato hybrids (BRS Sena and H 9992) were tested. The experimental design was a 5×2 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. During the crop cycle, hybrids BRS Sena and H 9992 needed 692.20 and 418.43 mm of water, yielding 80 and 44.06 t ha-1, respectively. For both hybrids, the higher water productivity was observed when lower levels of irrigation were applied. Higher productivities and pulp yields of ‘BRS Sena’ and ‘H 9992’ were noticed when replacing 150-166% and 99-101% ETc, respectively. We observed that improving the performance of processing hybrid tomatoes is possible by adjusting irrigation levels for each hybrid according to growing conditions.
Production and quality of carrot in function of split application of nitrogen doses in top dressing
Authors: Colombari Lidiane F , Lanna Natália BL , Guimarães Leysimar RP , Cardoso Antonio Ismael Inácio
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Fertilizers supply in the appropriate period and dose is important to obtain satisfactory production. In this research we studied the effect of different split applications and doses of nitrogen in top dressing on the production of the carrot and the physicochemical characteristics of the roots. Nine treatments, resulting from a factorial of 4x2+1 (control without nitrogen fertilization), were evaluated in the randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications. The first factor were four nitrogen (N) doses in top dressing (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1) and the second were two forms of splitting [three equal applications (1/3+1/3+1/3 of the dose) and one with increasing proportions (1/6+2/6+3/6 of the dose) applied 15, 30 and 50 days after emergence]. We evaluated shoot height, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight, root diameter and length, yield and some physicochemical characteristics of roots (soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index, pH, carotenoid content and reducing sugars). For most of the studied characteristics were observed quadratic effects for N dose, with an estimated maximum yield of 117.7 t ha-1 for the dose of 138 kg N ha-1. The splitting 1/6+2/6+3/6 resulted in higher values for fresh weight of shoot and root, root diameter, yield and carotenoid content, compared to the splitting 1/3+1/3+1/3.
Effect of aqueous neem seed extract via irrigation on larvae of Liriomyza sativae in melon crop
Authors: Costa Ewerton M , Silva Francisco EL , Araujo Elton L
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The leafminer [Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is one of the main pests of melon crop (Cucumis melo) in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Thus, adopting strategies to control this destructive insect is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous neem seed extract, applied to soil via irrigation, on leafminer larvae, in the melon crop. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (four doses of aqueous neem seed extract: 1; 3; 5 and 10 g/100 mL) and the control consisting only of distilled water and 10 replicates (melon plants). The treatments were applied in a single dose, via soil irrigation. In the first stage of the evaluation, 24 hours after application, the number of dead larvae per plant was counted. In the second step, pupal mortality was recorded. The total mortality was also calculated considering the number of larvae and the number of emerged adults. We verified that, increasing the concentration of aqueous neem seed extract, an increase in the larval and pupal mortality of the leafminer in melon crop was noticed. The concentration 10 g/100 mL presented the best results, resulting in 36.4% of larval mortality, 96.5% of pupal mortality and 96.8% of total mortality.
Variability of production and the planning of experiments in snapbeans
Authors: Lúcio Alessandro D , Santos Daniel
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT This work aimed at studying the variability of production of snapbeans grown in plastic greenhouses and the effectiveness of experimental borders and plot size in reducing such variability. Data from a uniformity experiment carried out in a plastic greenhouse were used. The analyzes were performed over spatial arrangements that considered the plants first arranged in planting rows parallel to the lateral openings of the greenhouse and then arranged in columns, perpendicular to these openings. Different scenarios were produced by excluding rows and columns. The homogeneity of variances between the remaining rows and columns was tested in each scenario, and the variance and the coefficient of variation were calculated as well. There was heterogeneity of variance between rows in the experiment. Borders were not effective in reducing the coefficient of variation or the frequency of cases of heterogeneity of variances between rows. Plots with two or more plants provided homogeneity of variances between rows and columns, creating room for the possibility of using the completely randomized design in experiments with snapbeans in plastic greenhouses.
Metodología y resultados previos en el estudio de fragmentos de fauna en morteros romanos
Authors: Guerra-García Pablo , Gómez-Moreno Felipe , Heras-Martínez César Manuel , Bastita-Ramírez Ana
Published: October 2018

Resumen El yacimiento arqueo-antropológico de La Magdalena, en el término municipal de Alcalá de Henares (España), está compuesto por varias necrópolis de diferentes cronologías y por diversos complejos de producción de época Romana. Durante la intervención arqueológica, se documentaron diferentes estructuras de carácter industrial. Estas estructuras fueron edificadas con diferentes tipos de mortero de cal, desde los cimientos - opus caementicium - hasta la cubrición definitiva - opus signinum. Todas ellas siguen las mismas pautas de construcción romana, empleando, entre otras, cal, arena, y áridos cerámicos de ladrillos triturados conocidos como cocciopesto. En la observación macroscópica de las muestras, se observaron diversos fragmentos de huesos de animales de pequeñas-medianas dimensiones, en cantidades más pequeñas pero mezclados con los áridos. Estos fragmentos aparecen en las capas exteriores e intermedias de los revestimientos de mortero. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización macroscópica de los morteros y una propuesta metodológica de estudio de este tipo de residuo material, basada en la arqueometría y centrada en la proporción de fragmentos de hueso con respecto al peso total de las muestras, su representatividad con respecto a las capas constructivas y la probable relación entre la presencia de huesos en la mezcla con la funcionalidad de las estructuras industriales de La Magdalena.
Argamassas de cal para conservação e reabilitação de edifícios: conhecimento consolidado e necessidades de investigação
Authors: Veiga Maria do Rosario
Published: October 2018

Resumo As argamassas de cal foram usadas na construção desde tempos imemoriais até pelo menos ao início do século XX. Em muitas regiões do mundo mantiveram um papel importante nos edifícios até à década de cinquenta do século passado. Este material pode, como talvez nenhum outro, contar a história da construção. Com o surgimento e rápida generalização do uso do cimento, começou a perder-se o conhecimento tradicional das técnicas da cal, que era transmitido diretamente através das gerações. Para recuperar esse conhecimento têm vindo a ser realizados numerosos estudos científicos, envolvendo a análise de argamassas antigas, o estudo de tratados antigos e a investigação sobre novas argamassas de cal. Apesar destes esforços, e das evidências de que as argamassas de cal são as mais adequadas para a conservação de edifícios antigos, continua a ser pouco frequente a sua utilização nas intervenções de conservação.O que falta saber para possibilitar a sua utilização generalizada? Quais as necessidades de investigação e de ação?
Avaliação de concretos reciclados com agregado graúdo de concreto dosados pelo método da ABCP modificado
Authors: Santos Ana Amélia Mota dos , Leite Mônica Batista
Published: October 2018

Resumo A aplicação de agregados reciclados de resíduos de construção e demolição vem crescendo em todo o mundo. Contudo, a adoção de um método de dosagem que não considere aspectos como o tipo de agregado reciclado (AR), o melhor teor de AR na proporção das misturas e a melhor forma de avaliar a trabalhabilidade pode trazer dificuldades para essa aplicação. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de realizar uma dosagem específica para os concretos com AR de concreto, usando como medida de trabalhabilidade o ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff, como uma adaptação do método de dosagem da ABCP. Foram avaliados dois níveis de espalhamento (350 mm e 400 mm) e estudados dois teores de AR na proporção de agregados graúdos (20% e 40%) para três níveis de resistência de dosagem (25, 30 e 40 MPa) aos 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que foi necessário realizar muitos ajustes experimentais nas misturas de concreto inicialmente determinadas pelo método de dosagem da ABCP, e o ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff mostrou-se satisfatório como medida de trabalhabilidade desses concretos. Os níveis de espalhamento avaliados apresentaram influência significativa sobre os resultados de resistência à compressão, enquanto os teores de AR avaliados neste estudo (20% e 40%) não promoveram alterações dessa propriedade.
Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis system for body composition assessment in patients with COPD
Authors: Fonseca Fernanda Rodrigues , Karloh Manuela , Araujo Cintia Laura Pereira de , Reis Cardine Martins dos , Mayer Anamaria Fleig
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the validity of an eight-contact electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) system within a household scale for assessing whole body composition in COPD patients. Methods: Seventeen patients with COPD (mean age = 67 ± 8 years; mean FEV1 = 38.6 ± 16.1% of predicted; and mean body mass index = 24.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and an eight-contact electrode BIA system for body composition assessment. Results: There was a strong inter-method correlation for fat mass (r = 0.95), fat-free mass (r = 0.93), and lean mass (r = 0.93), but the correlation was moderate for bone mineral content (r = 0.73; p < 0.01 for all). In the agreement analysis, the values between DEXA and the BIA system differed by only 0.15 kg (−6.39 to 6.70 kg), 0.26 kg (−5.96 to 6.49 kg), −0.13 kg (−0.76 to 0.50 kg), and −0.55 kg (−6.71 to 5.61 kg) for fat-free mass, lean mass, bone mineral content, and fat mass, respectively. Conclusions: The eight-contact electrode BIA system showed to be a valid tool in the assessment of whole body composition in our sample of patients with COPD.
Matrix Deposition using the SunChrom Sprayer v1
Authors: Liebeke Manuel , Beckmann Janine
Published: October 2018

Depending on tissue and analytes that will be analysed different matrices can be used. The following 2 matrices are first steps to analyse lipids (SDHB) and peptides (CHCA). Matrix concentration and solvent ratio as well as instrument settings can be adjusted specifically to tissue and analytes.
Diversidad de mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) asociadas con tres hábitats en el corregimiento de Pacurita, municipio de Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Palacios-Mayoral Victor Danilo , Palacios-Mosquera Leison , Jiménez-Ortega Alex Mauricio
Published: October 2018

Se determinó la diversidad de mariposas diurnas asociadas a tres hábitats con diferentes grados de conservación en el corregimiento de Pacurita, Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia. Para la captura de mariposas durante 38 días de muestreos entre los meses de julio y diciembre del 2016, se empleó una red entomológica y seis trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con pescado en descomposición y frutas fermentadas. Se capturaron 284 individuos de 44 especies pertenecientes a las familias Nymphalidae (S=38) Papilionidae (S=3), Pieridae (S=1) y Riodinidae (S=2). Según el tipo de hábitats, las especies más abundantes fueron Pierella luna lesbia y Heliconius erato venus en el hábitat de bosque conservado; Pierella luna lesbia, Heliconius erato venus y Colobura dirce en el bosque secundario, y Anartia jatrophae, Heliconius erato venus y Anartia amathea en el hábitat de intervención permanente. En los hábitats de bosque conservado y bosque secundario se registró un 62 % de similitud en cuanto a la composición y la estructura de las especies de mariposas, lo cual no ocurrió en el hábitat de intervención permanente. De las 44 especies reportadas en este estudio, 25 constituyen nuevos registros para la localidad de Pacurita, siendo la familia Nymphalidae la predominante. Las especies P. luna lesbia, A. jatrophae, H. erato venus, A. demophon muson y S. magdalena cleove fueron las mejor representadas, aunque con cambios en su abundancia según el tipo de hábitat. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Las perchas para aves como estrategia de restauración en la microcuenca del río La Vega, Tunja, Boyacá
Authors: Villate-Suárez Carlos Andrés , Cortés-Pérez Francisco
Published: October 2018

Las perchas para aves son estructuras que pueden influenciar la dispersión de semillas y favorecer la sucesión vegetal. En la microcuenca del río La Vega hay pastizales con fines pecuarios, especies exóticas invasoras y pérdida de vegetación nativa arbórea y arbustiva del área de ribera. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las perchas artificiales en la ribera del río como estrategia de restauración, y su influencia sobre la dispersión de semillas y el reclutamiento de plántulas. Para tal efecto, se diseñó un experimento con tres tratamientos, T0: sin perchas, T1: con percha artificial y T2: con percha natural. Bajo cada percha se ubicó una trampa para retener las semillas dispersadas y, además, se capturaron aves para obtener sus excretas y determinar las principales especies dispersoras de semillas y las especies vegetales dispersadas. Mediante el test de Mann-Whitney se demostró que el tratamiento con percha artificial favoreció la dispersión de semillas de plantas ornitócoras, pero el reclutamiento de plántulas bajo las perchas no fue significativo. Las principales especies dispersoras fueron Turdus fuscater y Pheucticus aureoventris y las semillas más dispersadas las de Acacia melanoxylon, Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia y Morella pubescens. En conclusión, las perchas artificiales aumentaron la dispersión de semillas, pero el reclutamiento de especies ornitócoras bajo ellas fue limitada a pesar de la escarificación del suelo realizada como ayuda para eliminar la competencia de las especies de sucesión temprana. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Utilización de macroinvertebrados acuáticos como herramienta para determinar la calidad del agua en la quebrada Santo Tomás, municipio de Pensilvania, Colombia
Authors: Murillo-Montoya Sergio Adrián , Mendoza-Mora Alexander , Restrepo-Bastidas Edwin Santiago , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2018

A pesar de la riqueza hídrica del municipio de Pensilvania, Caldas, y del creciente uso de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos como herramienta sencilla, eficiente y de bajo costo para determinar la calidad del agua en diversos ecosistemas, no se conocen estudios de este tipo en el municipio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la diversidad de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos y la calidad del agua de la quebrada Santo Tomás en el municipio de Pensilvania. Se recolectaron muestras de macroinvertebrados entre junio y agosto de 2015 en diferentes hábitats (hojarasca  sumergida, sedimento fino y rocas), empleando una red Surber. Se registraron 2.175 individuos pertenecientes a 97 grupos taxonómicos; los órdenes más abundantes fueron Trichoptera y Ephemeroptera (54 %). No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) en términos de diversidad entre los sitios evaluados y según los índices BMWP/Col y EPT, las aguas son muy limpias, aunque el índice ASPT indicó la presencia de aguas ligera y moderadamente contaminadas. © 2018. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.