bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso do Canabidiol como Terapia Não Convencional no controle de crises epilépticas
Authors: Román Palacios Aline Açuzena , Santos Maytê Vieira Nascimento dos , Figueiredo Paula Sanches , Bertoluci Raquel Silveira , Pereira Gustavo José Vasco
Published: December 2024

O canabidiol (CBD) ou cannabis medicinal é utilizado como terapia não convencional na epilepsia, uma vez que o tratamento com fármacos anticonvulsivantes e suas associações não têm a eficácia necessária, pois estes sozinhos não controlam as crises convulsivas. A epilepsia é dada por uma modificação temporária e reversível do cérebro, e é classificada em: generalizada, focal, focal combinada e epilepsia desconhecida. O tratamento com diversas medicações não resulta no controle das convulsões, conhecida como TRE (Epilepsia Resistente ao Tratamento), portanto, outras possibilidades foram surgindo, como é o caso do CBD. O objetivo desta revisão é conduzir conhecimento sobre a utilização da cannabis medicinal como terapia integrativa na epilepsia, com base em estudos e ensaios já pré-estabelecidos em pacientes epilépticos tratados com o CBD, seus efeitos adversos, eficácia e segurança. Proveniente da planta Cannabis sativa L., é possível extrair o canabidiol e o tetra-hidrocanabinol (THC), o primeiro não possui ação psicoativa, enquanto o segundo possui ação alucinógena, portanto, é permitido em formulações farmacêuticas apenas concentrações inferiores de 0,2% de THC, por se tratar de uma substância estimulante, tendo como seus principais efeitos: sensação de relaxamento, euforia, desconfiguração da percepção do tempo; além das alterações físicas, entre elas: olhos vermelhos, aumento do apetite.
Implicações do fortalecimento muscular na função da bomba venosa do Tríceps Sural em relação ao nível de qualidade de vida de pessoas com Insuficiência Venosa Crônica (IVC)
Authors: Oliveira Adean Bernardes , Ramos Neto José Irineu , Viana Joaquim Albuquerque , Boaventura Alessandra Bárbara César de Freitas , Monego Estela Aita
Published: December 2024

O treinamento físico configura-se como uma estratégia essencial no manejo de pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os resultados do treinamento físico sobre a função da bomba muscular da panturrilha, as funcionalidades funcionais e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa, foram desenvolvidos novos estudos que exploraram a temática. Nos casos de insuficiência venosa crônica em estágios iniciais, o treinamento físico mostrou-se eficaz na redução do refluxo venoso, no incremento da força muscular, no aumento da amplitude de movimento do tornozelo e na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Em contrapartida, nos estágios avançados da doença, o treinamento físico se destacou por promover aumentos na fração de ejeção e reduções na fração de volume residual, além de aprimorar a força muscular e a amplitude de movimento do tornozelo. Contudo, não foram observadas mudanças significativas nos índices de refluxo venoso no tornozelo nem na qualidade de vida dessa população. Conclui-se que o treinamento físico exerce efeitos positivos sobre a função da bomba muscular da panturrilha, a força muscular e a amplitude de movimento do tornozelo em pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica. Além disso, os benefícios relacionados à qualidade de vida mostram-se mais evidentes em indivíduos com níveis atuais da patologia.
Os benefícios do programa de treinamento funcional no equilíbrio e no sistema proprioceptor em indivíduos com deficiência visual
Authors: Santos Júnior Paulo Henrique Cordeiro dos , Cardoso Junior Valderino Lemos , Baraúna Michelle Ferreira , Silva Maria Regiane Ferreira da , Viana Joaquim Albuquerque , Boaventura Alessandra Bárbara César de Freitas
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos do treinamento funcional sobre o equilíbrio e o sistema propriocetivo em indivíduos com deficiência visual. É fundamental destacar que as pessoas com deficiência visual enfrentam dificuldades específicas e diversos desafios, especialmente no que diz respeito à qualidade de vida, dado que sua perceção visual do ambiente é bastante reduzida. Essa limitação compromete a capacidade de realização de atividades diárias de forma autônoma, impactando diretamente sua qualidade de vida. Nesse contexto, o treinamento funcional surge como uma alternativa promissora para melhorar o equilíbrio e o sistema propriocetivo em indivíduos com deficiência visual, promovendo, assim, uma melhor qualidade de vida. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, será utilizada uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica integrativa, fundamentada em estudos teóricos relacionados à temática abordada. A pesquisa utilizará bases de dados reconhecidas, como LILACS, BVS, CAPES e SciELO, para compor o referencial teórico e metodológico do estudo. O estudo concluiu que o treinamento funcional promove melhorias no equilíbrio, na propriocepção e na coordenação motora de pessoas com deficiência visual, contribuindo para sua autonomia e prevenção de quedas.
Un dilema de Abdomen Agudo: Caso clínico de Síndrome de Valentino
Authors: Roldán Chica Adolfo León , Delgado Garcés Nicolás , Grisales Domínguez Juan Esteban , Castaño Rentería Melisa , Llanos Posso Valeria , Velandia Mosquera Cristhian Camilo
Published: December 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es reportar el caso clínico de un paciente de 38 años con diagnóstico sospechoso y de confirmación intraoperatoria para la presentación de un síndrome de Valentino, enfatizando la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial en la práctica clínica con síntomas de apendicitis aguda teniendo en cuenta el interrogatório adecuado y la construcción de antecedentes de importancia para lograr descartar este tipo de patologías. El paciente experimentaba manifestaciones clínicas típicas de apendicitis aguda, sin embargo, con el antecedente de consumo de alcohol previo al inicio del dolor, así como la evolución continua durante un tiempo prolongado de 10 días lo que indica una presentación de úlcera péptica vs apendicitis aguda, adicionalmente la laparotomía exploratoria reveló uma úlcera gástrica perforada y al realizar la apendicectomía se identificó una apendicitis fase 1. El método de tratamento utilizado fue la apendicectomía y la reparación de la úlcera por parche de epiplón. Se obtuvo una recuperación exitosa postoperatoria sin complicaciones. Todos los resultados destacan la importancia del enfoque integral y el examen complejo de imágenes, tal como la TAC, en el diagnóstico del abdomen agudo con sintomatología atípica. Se identifica así la necesidad de un abordaje integral en la anamnesis y la descripción de antecedentes, así como el tratamiento quirúrgico temprano.
Microteaching Practicum as an Avenue for Student Teachers to Learn the Art of Improvising Instructional Materials
Authors: Mhagama Michaela
Published: December 2024

The use of instructional materials is essential in enhancing the delivery of content and supporting student comprehension in educational settings. In contexts with limited resources, such as many developing regions, teachers must often rely on improvisation to create these materials using locally available resources. Microteaching, a pedagogical tool that allows student teachers to practice teaching on a smaller scale, plays a crucial role in fostering improvisation skills. Through the microteaching practicum, student teachers learn to develop innovative instructional materials, aligning with constructivist and experiential learning theories. This study systematically reviews how microteaching enhances creativity, student engagement, and the development of lifelong teaching skills, particularly in resource-constrained environments. The findings suggest that the iterative process of microteaching, including planning, teaching, critiquing, and refining lessons, supports the continuous improvement of pedagogical practices and resourcefulness in teaching. The study concludes by recommending that teacher education programs incorporate mandatory training on improvisation to prepare future educators for diverse classroom challenges.
The Role and Impact of Elderly Teachers on Teaching Secondary School Competencies in Tanzania: Addressing Teacher Shortages
Authors: Kamugisha Delphinus K.
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of elderly teachers in fostering secondary school competencies in Tanzania, particularly in addressing teacher shortages in critical subjects such as science and mathematics. While Tanzania mandates retirement for civil servants, including teachers, at the age of 60, many elderly teachers continue to make significant contributions in teaching and mentoring. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys with 251 participants, including teachers, students, education officers, and school heads. The findings reveal that elderly teachers excel in fostering competencies like critical thinking, communication, and ethical leadership, while also serving as valuable mentors to younger teachers. However, their effectiveness is constrained by physical limitations and resistance to adopting new technologies, particularly in digitally evolving classrooms. The study highlights the need for more flexible retirement policies that allow elderly teachers to continue working on a voluntary or contract basis, especially in mentorship roles, to leverage their experience while mitigating the impact of aging. Recommendations include introducing targeted professional development programs to equip elderly teachers with the skills to integrate modern teaching technologies. These adjustments would maximize their contributions to the education system, particularly in underserved regions.
Assessing the Role of Traditional Paper and Pencil Examinations in Tanzania's Competency-Based Curriculum: A Literature Review
Authors: Mwila Prospery M. , Mbua Fortunatus M.
Published: December 2024

The adoption of competency-based curriculum (CBC) in Tanzania marks a significant shift towards nurturing holistic student competencies aligned with contemporary societal needs. This systematic literature review critically examines the role of traditional paper-and-pencil examinations within the CBC framework, assessing their effectiveness in evaluating student achievement and competency development. Findings indicate that traditional exams are effective in measuring factual recall and basic skills, serving as valuable benchmarks for educational standards and cross-regional comparisons. However, these exams face significant challenges in assessing higher-order cognitive skills and the multidimensional competencies emphasized by CBC. The study concludes that while traditional exams provide standardized measures of student achievement, their integration within CBC requires careful adaptation to ensure alignment with curriculum goals. Recommendations include enhancing professional development for educators, developing policy frameworks that support a balanced assessment approach, and aligning curriculum and assessments with CBC objectives. The implications suggest that addressing these factors is crucial for improving educational quality and equity in Tanzania, ensuring that assessments effectively support the development of both foundational knowledge and advanced competencies.
COMPENSATION FOR DAMAGES AND FINAL PROCEDURAL DECISIONS IN A CRIMINAL CASE
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, POPOVA I.P.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study. The article discusses the problems of the current state and proposals for improving domestic legislation on compensation for damage caused by crime. Due to the relevance of the issues and gaps in legal regulation, this topic is of scientific and practical interest not only to the legal community, but also to a much wider range of people. In the course of the study, the issues of compensation for damages at various stages of criminal proceedings in the final procedural decisions are considered. Attention is paid to the most acute problems and solutions are proposed. The conclusions made it possible to clarify certain provisions concerning the effectiveness of the criminal procedure law on compensation for damage caused by a crime, as well as issues of requirements for final procedural decisions in this aspect. It is proposed to consider fairness as a requirement for final procedural decisions. The proposals aimed at optimizing the institution of compensation for damages in criminal proceedings in order to restore social justice violated by the crime are formulated.
Representationalism and Molyneux's question: An intermodal approach based on quality space theory
Authors: Weger Daniel Mario
Published: December 2024

Representationalism is the view that perceptual experience essentially involves being in a representational state and that the phenomenal character of perceptual experience is exhausted in its representational content. In this paper, I argue that the representationalist’s Simple Answer to Molyneux’s question does not work because it has phenomenologically implausible consequences. Since intramodal representationalism has serious shortcomings, I suggest that the representationalist should opt for an intermodal approach. Moreover, I argue that intermodal representationalism is best supported by quality space theory so as to make sense of the claim that visual and tactile experiences of an object of a given shape differ in their representational content. On this view, the representationalist’s response to Molyneux’s question ultimately depends on whether the cross-modal calibration of quality spaces is innate or learned.
KOIDE FORMULA AND THE CONNECTION OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLE MASSES WITH THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT α
Authors: Kosinov Mykola
Published: December 2024

The article explores the relationship between the masses of elementary particles and the fine-structure constant α. In addition to the Koide formula, a new formula is proposed, which is as accurate as the Koide formula. The new formula demonstrates the connection between the masses of four elementary particles (electron, proton, tau lepton, and muon) with the fine-structure constant α: Considering the high precision of the fine-structure constant and the accurate experimental values of the electron, proton, and muon masses, the new formula provides a significantly more accurate value for the mass of the tau lepton compared to the current experimental value: m τ /m e =3477.0298… (1776.7586… MeV) The obtained value of the tau lepton mass (1776.7586... MeV/c 2) is within the range of the experimental value but does not coincide with the result obtained by the Koide formula (1776.9688... MeV/c 2). The Koide formula and the new formula yield different values for the mass of the tau lepton with high precision in both results. Both mass values are significantly more accurate than the current experimental value. The discrepancy between the results of the two formulas requires explanation.
Issues of justice in sustainability transitions
Authors: Heidenreich Sara , Martiskainen Mari , Ryghaug Marianne
Published: December 2024

This chapter focuses on issues of justice in sustainability transitions. Although there is an increasing focus in academia, policymaking and practice on the importance making sustainability transitions not only environmentally and economically sustainable, but also just and fair so that costs and benefits are shared equally, this chapter illustrates that social inequities can often be exacerbated rather than alleviated in the context of sustainability transitions. Indeed, people who are vulnerable and marginalised do not often benefit from sustainability transitions: they may have limited opportunities to actively participate as citizens and suffer from negative consequences of climate and energy policies and projects. Such injustices are often the reason for contestations of developments, projects, policies and initiatives that are part of sustainability transitions. This underlines the importance of considering questions of distributional, recognition, procedural, restorative, cosmopolitan, spatial, postcolonial, intergenerational and multispecies justice when designing, developing, and implementing sustainability transition policies and projects across all socio-technical systems.
Oral Health: Essential for Overall Well-Being and Quality of Life
Authors: Hapsari Rafif Naufi Waskitha , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: December 2024

Not Mandatory
A Review of Factors Influencing Postpartum Hemorrhage: Age, Parity, Pregnancy Spacing, Anemia, Newborn Weight, Prolonged Labor, Perineal Tear, and Type of Labor
Authors: Usnawati Nana , Hanifah Astin Nur
Published: December 2024

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of maternal mortality worldwide. One of the main causes of maternal mortality is bleeding, it is estimated that around 70% of maternal mortality are caused by postpartum hemorrhage. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2022 the number of maternal mortalities in East Java was 499 deaths, the causes of which were found in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (24.45%) and bleeding (21.24%). The purpose of this systematic literature review is to summarize and examine the literature related to risk factors that affect postpartum hemorrhage. The framework used was PICOC with a population of laboring mothers who experienced postpartum hemorrhage. Systematic literature review using 1 data source, namely google scholar with 169 articles and filtering articles and critical appraisal so that 6 articles were reviewed. The 6 articles showed that age, parity, gestational distance, birth weight, prolonged parturition, perineal tear and type of delivery were associated with the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. It is recommended to increase education about healthy reproductive age, regulate the number of parity and maintain pregnancy distance, early detection of anemia, administration of 90 FE tablets during pregnancy, early detection of risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage, and delivery planning and prevention of complications.
Compondo Espaços Sonoros: uma entrevista com Hans Tutschku
Authors: Yamazato de Souza Ingrid Mayumi , Teixeira da Silva William
Published: December 2024

O artigo apresenta uma entrevista com o compositor Hans Tutschku sobre os seus processos criativos, precedida por uma análise descritiva dos fundamentos teóricos e técnicos empregados em suas criações recentes. Neste texto são abordadas práticas como gravação de campo, composição instrumental e eletroacústica, além da forma como o compositor utiliza a inteligência artificial para processos de composição assistida por computador. Materiais como partituras e patches foram cedidos pelo compositor para subsidiar as discussões trazidas no artigo, e com isso espera-se contribuir para reflexões no campo da criação musical, principalmente através de uma abordagem estruturada e interdisciplinar relatada pelo entrevistado através da influência advinda de outras artes como dança e teatro no seu trabalho composicional.
Resistome in the indoor dust samples from workplaces and households: a pilot study
Authors: Klvanova Eva , Videnska Petra , Barton Vojtech , Bohm Jan , Splichalova Petra , Koksova Viktorie , Urik Milan , Lanickova Barbara , Prokes Roman , Budinska Eva , Klanova Jana , Borilova Linhartova Petra
Published: December 2024

The antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) limit the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobials, representing a problem of high importance. Current research on the presence of ARGs in microorganisms focuses mainly on humans, livestock, hospitals, or wastewater. However, the spectrum of ARGs in the dust resistome in workplaces and households has gone relatively unexplored. This pilot study aimed to analyze resistome in indoor dust samples from participants’ workplaces (a pediatric hospital, a maternity hospital, and a research center) and households and compare two different approaches to the ARGs analysis; high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing (WMGS). In total, 143 ARGs were detected using HT-qPCR, with ARGs associated with the macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype being the most abundant, followed by MDR (multi-drug resistance) genes, and genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides. A higher overall relative quantity of ARGs was observed in indoor dust samples from workplaces than from households, with the pediatric hospital being associated with the highest relative quantity of ARGs. WMGS analysis revealed 36 ARGs, of which five were detected by both HT-qPCR and WMGS techniques. Accordingly, the efficacy of the WMGS approach to detect ARGs was lower than that of HT-qPCR. In summary, our pilot data revealed that indoor dust in buildings where people spend most of their time (workplaces, households) can be a significant source of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, which may potentially pose a health risk to both humans and animals.
Enhancing electrical structure in magnetotelluric inversion by the constraint of minimum cross-gradient support coupling
Authors: Huang Zuwei , Yu Peng , Zhao Chongjin , Zhang Luolei , Song Han
Published: December 2024

The geophysical inversion problem is inherently underdetermined. Constrained inversion, by incorporating prior information, can effectively reduce the ambiguity in inversion results. A key research challenge lies in establishing a reasonable coupling mechanism between the prior information and the inversion model. Traditional cross-gradient coupling methods often exhibit weak coupling effects in regions with small model gradients. In this paper, we introduce a new coupling method called “minimum cross-gradient support” (MCGS), which enhances the balance between model gradient magnitude and the influence of gradient direction by applying a minimum support function to the cross-gradient. We evaluated the coupling effects of MCGS in comparison with two others coupling methods: normalized cross-gradient (NCG) and joint minimum gradient support (JMGS), the latter of which also employs the minimum support function. Theoretical models demonstrate that MCGS retains the advantage of reduced dependence on strictly accurate prior information, enhances constraint effectiveness in weak gradient regions, and the strength of constraints can be flexibly adjusted through focusing factors. To verify the effectiveness of MCGS, we conducted two synthetic experiments: a double-blocks model and a nappe structure model, applied to magnetotelluric (MT) constrained inversion. The results showed that MCGS constrained inversion achieved better performance than both non-constrained inversion and cross-gradient constrained inversion, with lower residual cross-gradient values and higher model recovery accuracy compared to the true model. Finally, we applied the proposed MCGS coupling to real data sets from the Junggar Basin. The inversion results revealed the resistivity structure of the sedimentary layer and imaged possible residual Carboniferous sediments beneath the Permian, as well as the distribution of the Paleozoic basement. These results provide valuable evidence supporting the subduction tectonic evolution model of the region.
Enhancing pro-environmental behavior through nature-contact environmental education: an empirical analysis based on randomized controlled experiment design
Authors: Zhao Yupan , Liu Xuanchang , Han Xiao
Published: December 2024

Environmental education is vital for promoting pro-environmental behavior, and nature-contact environmental education has progressively emerged as an important form of environmental education. Therefore, exploring the effects and mechanisms of nature-contact environmental education is crucial to enhancing pro-environmental behavior. This manuscript focuses on the Qinling ecological environmental education course at a Chinese university, which exemplifies a form of nature-contact environmental education. The research employs the randomized controlled experimental design as the research methodology. A total of 112 students who participated in the course served as the study sample, with the aim of investigating whether nature-contact environmental education can effectively improve students’ pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the study also explores the underlying mechanisms driving this effect. The findings indicate that nature-contact environmental education significantly contributes to improving students’ pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, environmental attitudes and environmental responsibility are identified as key mediators in the relationship between nature-contact environmental education and pro-environmental behavior. These conclusions provide valuable insights for both theoretical research and practical applications of environmental education and pro-environmental behavior.
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination among US adults aged ≥60 years
Authors: Geng Xiaozhen , Wang Wenjun
Published: December 2024

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been recommended for US adults aged ≥60 years for nearly one year. However, the extent of vaccination coverage and the factors influencing uptake remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate national and state-specific RSV vaccination coverage among US adults aged ≥60 years and to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence vaccination uptake.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US Census Household Pulse Survey, from January 9 to March 4, 2024, which included 49,322 adults aged ≥60 years. Participants self-reported their RSV vaccination status along with demographic and socioeconomic information. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with vaccination uptake.

Results

As of March 4, 2024, RSV vaccination coverage among US adults aged ≥60 years was estimated at 22.2% (95% CI, 21.6%-22.7%). State-specific vaccination coverage ranged from 12.4% in Mississippi to 33.1% in Colorado. Coverage was higher in older age groups, with 21.2% among those aged 65-69 years, 28.1% among 70-74 years, 31.9% among 75-79 years, and 30.2% among those aged ≥80 years, compared to 10.8% among those aged 60-64 years. Racial/ethnicity disparities were evident, with lower coverage among Hispanics (18.3%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (17.6%) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (23.3%). Coverage was similar between males (22.6%) and females (21.8%). Factors positively associated with vaccination included older age, higher education level, higher household income, unemployment, and residing in the Midwest or West. Conversely, being non-Hispanic Black, uninsured, experiencing financial difficulties, and lack of COVID-19 vaccination were associated with reduced likelihood of receiving the RSV vaccine.

Conclusions

During the first RSV season after the recommendations for RSV vaccination in US adults aged ≥60 years, uptake shows promise but is marked by significant disparities related to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Efforts to address these disparities are crucial to enhance vaccination coverage and reduce the impact of RSV on this vulnerable population.
Small intestinal metastasis from primary breast cancer: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Shen Fengqing , Wang Songxiang , Yu Shanlu , Jiang Yuancong
Published: December 2024

Small intestinal metastasis from primary breast cancer remains a rare clinical occurrence. Despite extensive research into its clinicopathological features and treatment options, the specific pathogenesis and optimal management strategies remain incompletely understood. This case report presents a patient with breast cancer that metastasized to the small intestine. The primary breast tumor was diagnosed as classic invasive lobular carcinoma. Subsequent surgical intervention successfully addressed the intestinal obstruction and confirmed the metastatic origin of the small intestinal tumor. Interestingly, the metastatic lesions exhibited features suggestive of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma. A PET-CT scan was performed to evaluate the distant metastasis status of this patient. Notably, hormonal receptor status shifted from positive to negative, while HER2 expression changed from negative to low between the primary tumor and metastatic lesions. The presence of an undiagnosed pleomorphic component in the primary tumor might explain the disease’s progressive nature. In this case, systemic treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan yielded favorable therapeutic outcomes. Overall, our findings suggest that re-evaluation of receptor status in breast cancer metastases is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. Furthermore, a combination of palliative resection of small intestinal metastases and targeted therapy for HER2-low breast cancer may potentially improve survival.
Optimizing antifungal therapy: a systematic review of pharmacist interventions, stewardship approaches, and outcomes
Authors: Akbar Zunaira , Aamir Muhammad , Saleem Zikria
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Specific evidence regarding the pharmacist’s role in antifungal stewardship (AFS) is emerging. This review aims to identify pharmacist-driven AFS interventions to optimize antifungal therapy.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data (2018–2023) were collected through Google Scholar and PubMed. The collected data were presented descriptively due to variations in interventions and outcome metrics. Conclusions were derived through a qualitative synthesis of the identified findings.

Results

A total of 232 articles were retrieved, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 were included in the review. Among the eight studies evaluating the impact of pharmacist interventions on antifungal consumption, 6 studies reported a significant decline in defined daily dose (DDD)/1,000 patient days and days of therapy (DOT)/1,000 patient days, one reported a non-significant decrease, and one reported an increase in the utilization of echinocandins. Educational intervention was the most commonly used stewardship approach. Nineteen studies reported data on various clinical outcomes. Mortality and length of hospital stay remain non-significant, but the occurrence of ADR decreased significantly, and the quality of antifungal use improved significantly.

Conclusion

Pharmacist-led AFS has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of antifungal treatments by improving their overall quality, reduction in consumption, and adverse events. The healthcare system should encourage multidisciplinary collaboration where pharmacists play a central role in decision-making processes regarding antifungal use.
Excessive health behaviors in sports: links of orthorexia nervosa and exercise addiction with well-being, exercise activity in sports categories, and gender effects
Authors: Wachten Hanna , Wurst Ramona , Paganini Sarah , Strahler Jana
Published: December 2024

Background and aims

Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe), the obsessive fixation on healthy eating, and exercise addiction (ExAdd) have been discussed as correlated excessive health behaviors with potential mental health implications. The role of gender-and sports-specific differences remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the links of ExAdd, OrNe, and the non-pathological interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia; HeOr) with well-being and exercise activity in various sports, considering gender effects.

Methods

Data from two cross-sectional online surveys were combined (N = 1,064, 73.5% women, age = 28.23 ± 11.09), measuring ExAdd (Exercise Addiction Inventory Revised), OrNe and HeOr (Teruel Orthorexia Scale), well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index), exercise activity and sports (Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sport Questionnaire).

Results

Well-being correlated with OrNe among women (r = −0.291) and not meaningfully with ExAdd and HeOr among men. Gender differences were not significant, except for the higher correlation of ExAdd with exercise activity in resistance and fitness sports among men. Regression analyses revealed that exercise activity, especially in health, resistance and fitness sports, was linked to HeOr, but not to OrNe. ExAdd was associated with exercise activity in endurance, resistance and fitness, ball and team, antigravitation, technical, aesthetic sports, and martial arts.

Discussion

Men’s well-being may slightly benefit from ExAdd and an interest in healthy eating, while obsessive healthy eating may reduce women’s well-being. Although exercise activity is associated with ExAdd in a wide variety of sports, it does not explain the link between ExAdd and OrNe. Preventive measures should consider gender-specific risks in excessive health behaviors.
CircRNA_036186 mediates HNSCC progression by regulating 14-3-3ζ
Authors: Tang Juan , Yu Donglin , Song Jiaojiao , Li Junfei , Zhang Yijuan , Ma Xiangrui , Wang Wenlong
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent and lethal malignancy, accounting for 95% of head and neck cancers. Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activating protein ZETA (14-3-3ζ) is central to various signalling pathways and is pivotal in tumour progression.

Methods

Cancerous and corresponding non-cancerous tissue samples were collected from five patients diagnosed with HNSCC. circRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Potential circRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA interactions were predicted using bioinformatics tools.

Results

The study found that CircRNA_036186 regulates the expression of 14-3-3ζ in HNSCC through miR-193b-5p.

Discussion

These findings suggest that CircRNA_036186 has the potential to be a biomarker and therapeutic target for HNSCC and provide some theoretical basis for further research on the role of circRNA in HNSCC.
Global research trends in therapeutic drug monitoring of antimicrobials from 2000 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Hao , Jiang Manxue , Kong Lingti
Published: December 2024

Objective

The practice of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is widely used for maximizing the clinical efficacy of antimicrobials. However, a systematic bibliometric analysis providing an overview of this field is lacking at present. The aim of the current study was to identify hotspots and trends in antimicrobial TDM, highlight collaborations and influences among countries, institutions, and journals, and assess the knowledge base for further development of clinical research.

Research Design and Methods

Articles and reviews related to TDM of antimicrobials from the Web of Science Core Collection were collected. CiteSpace and VOSviewer, two visualization tools, were utilized to graphically assess the key elements within this domain, including mapping of countries and regions, institutions, keywords, and references associated with the field of antimicrobial TDM. Through this approach, we were able to successfully provide a comprehensive visual overview of the research landscape, highlighting the significant players and thematic trends in the literature.

Results

From 2000 to 2023, a total of 17,236 authors from 4,112 institutions in 112 countries/regions published 3,710 papers in 819 academic journals. The United States had the highest number of publications, with University of Queensland identified as the most active institution. The journal with the greatest number of publications was Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, whereas Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy was the most co-cited journal. Current research focuses on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, vancomycin, posaconazole, invasive fungal infection and critically ill patients. Promising hotspots for future research include vancomycin, voriconazole, meropenem, isavuconazole, posaconazole, and teicoplanin. Moreover, vancomycin and critically ill patients remain a hot topic of future research.

Conclusion

Using bibliometric and visualization methods, the research hotspots of antimicrobial drugs in TDM were analyzed. The continued increase in the number of annual publications demonstrates the vital significance of TDM for antimicrobials. Data from this study provide a valuable reference for future research trends in TDM of antimicrobial agents.
Glycyrol targets Pneumolysin (PLY) oligomerization to reduce Streptococcus pneumoniae toxicity
Authors: Li Yudi , Wu Hongji , Hu Yibo , Meng Haoji , Xu Yan
Published: December 2024

Aim of the study

Exploring the potential of glycyrol to reduce the invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae).

Materials and Methods

Cell experiments were performed using A549 alveolar epithelial cells and S. pneumoniae D39. Glycyrol was added to A549 cells mixed with or without Pneumolysin (PLY) to detect the effect of Glycyrol on PLY toxicity. Glycyrol was used to detect the effect on S. pneumoniae toxicity and PLY production. Mice was used to detect the anti-infectious ability of Glycyrol to regulate S. pneumoniae infection. Western blot and Molecular docking were used to detect how and where Glycyrol inhibits PLY toxicity.

Results

We discovered that glycyrol, a main component of the widely recognized Chinese herbal medicine licorice, reduce the virulence of PLY in S. pneumoniae invasion; glycyrol achieves this effect by interacting with PLY through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, and solvation effects to reduce the pore-forming toxicity of PLY. Moreover, glycyrol did not affect the growth of S. pneumoniae or the production of PLY.

Conclusion

We have actually discovered that Glycyrol, a major component of the widely known Chinese herbal medicine Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., interacts with PLY through hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals and solvation to reduce the pore-forming toxicity of PLY and the toxicity of S. pneumoniae invasion, while not affecting the growth of S. pneumoniae and the production of PLY.
Diphenyl diselenide protects against diabetic kidney disease through modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Wang Xing , Long Dongmei , Peng Xingcan , Li Jiaxuan , Zhou Maoting , Wang Yu , Hu Xianghong
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) ameliorates nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. However, it has not been clarified whether DPDS alleviates type 1 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is related to the inhibition of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and the regulation of intestinal flora disorder.

Methods

The present study investigated the effects of DPDS on ECM generation in the kidney and intestinal microflora composition in feces. The rats were orally administered DPDS or metformin for eight weeks. Various indices were measured to assess the severity of renal injury. After euthanizing the rats, oxidative stress markers in serum and kidney were assessed using biochemical methods, and the expressions of ECM-related proteins in kidney were analyzed using Western blot. Additionally, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora in feces.

Results

The results showed DPDS and metformin improved the DKD in STZ rats, as evidenced by decreased blood glucose, BUN, urine volume, urine microalbumin, urinary β2 microglobulin, and improvement of renal pathological morphology. Furthermore, DPDS intervention markedly reduced the protein expression of α-SMA, COI Ⅳ, FN, and vimentin in the kidneys. Besides, DPDS not only improved dyslipidemia in STZ diabetic rats, but also enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the level of MDA in serum and kidney, and regulated the expression of proteins related to the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in the kidney. Moreover, we found that DPDS could selectively improve the relative abundance of probiotics as well as the diversity of flora, thus ameliorating the intestinal microbial composition of the STZ rats, significantly regulating the intestinal microbial homeostasis.

Discussion

Overall, DPDS inhibited ECM production and improved renal pathological changes, which may be related to reducing oxidative stress damage in the kidney and improving intestinal flora imbalance, providing data support for the further development and application of DPDS in DKD.
A counter mode and multi-channel based chaotic image encryption algorithm for the internet of things
Authors: Ge Bin , Qu Guoqiang , Shen Zhihua , Lin Jianchu
Published: December 2024

To deal with the threat of image privacy leakage in the Internet of things, this paper presents a novel batch images encryption algorithm using the counter mode and a multi-channel processing scheme. We employ multi-thread technique combined with an adapter to construct a novel multi-channel processing scheme, which can encrypt four different sized images in one round. Moreover, the counter encryption mode, which can compute round keys from a plaintext related session key, is introduced to decrease the difficulty of session key management when dealing with batch images. The security tests demonstrate the exceptional performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of security, as evidenced by P-values of statistical tests far larger than 0.01, correlation coefficients and entropies of cipher images close to 0 and greater than 7.99. Additionally, the results of NPCR and UACI tests closely approximate the theoretical values 99.6094% and 33.4635%, the proposed algorithm can better resist statistical, exhaustive, differential, or even chosen plaintext attacks. Moreover, due to the novel parallel scheme with a linear time complexity of O(2W+2H), which demonstrates an acceleration of over 300% compared to existing algorithms, it only takes 2.1sto encrypt one hundred images with varying sizes. Therefore, the proposed algorithm succeeds in exceeding existing algorithms in meeting the efficiency and security requirements for encrypting batch images.
Study on the changes of miRNAs and their target genes in regulating anthocyanin synthesis during purple discoloration of cauliflower curd under low temperature stress
Authors: Yao Xingwei , Zhang Qi , Chen Haidong , Ge Xianhong , Guo Yangdong , Chen Daozong
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cauliflower is widely cultivated all over the world is attributed to its palatable flavor, high levels of anti-cancer compounds, and diverse array of nutrients. Exposure to extremely cold stress during production can result in a more frequent occurrence of purple discoloration in cauliflower curds. In response to cold stress, plants naturally produce anthocyanins to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a defense mechanism.

Methods

This research involved conducting mRNA sequencing analysis on cauliflower curds both before and after exposure to cold stress treatment.

Results

It was determined that the up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes CHS, CHI, DFR, ANS, UGFT, PAP1/2, and MYBL2 occurred significantly in response to cold stress, resulting in a significant increase in total anthocyanin content. Subsequently, miRNA sequencing was employed to identify miRNAs in cauliflower curds, followed by differential expression analysis. The results showed that Bna-miR289 and Ath-miR157a may play a key role in regulating the accumulation of anthocyanin in cauliflower curds. Furthermore, we utilized degradome sequencing data to predict the target genes of the identified miRNAs, resulting in the identification of BolK_3g48940.1, BolK_9g11680.1, BolK_7g41780.1, BolK_3g68050.1, and BolK_3g729700.1 as targets. Subsequently, the expression patterns of the miRNAs and their target genes were validated using qRT-PCR, the results showed that Ath-miR157a and its target genes BolK_3g68050.1 and BolK_3g72970.1 may be the key to the purple of cauliflower curds under cold stress.

Discussion

Our preliminary findings identified key miRNAs and their target genes that may be involved in regulating anthocyanin synthesis, thereby enhancing the cold tolerance of cauliflower through mRNA, miRNA, and degradome sequencing. Overall, our study sheds light on the activation of anthocyanin synthesis in flower curds under cold stress conditions as a mechanism to enhance resilience to adverse environmental conditions.
A systematic review of the effects of rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing depressive symptoms
Authors: Li Yuyang , Tang Chunxi
Published: December 2024

There is still potential room for improving the effectiveness of standard Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in preventing the onset of depression, achieving full remission, and preventing relapse or recurrence of depression. Standard CBT seems less effective in reducing depressive rumination, a key risk factor leading to the onset and persistence of depression. To improve treatment efficacy for depression, rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT) was developed, which was modified from CBT and specifically targeted to manage rumination. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of RFCBT by evaluating whether RFCBT could contribute to reducing depressive symptoms pre-post intervention. A literature search was conducted up to April 30, 2024, across four English-language databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase. The search terms employed were: (depress* OR mood OR affect OR rumination) AND (“Rumination Focused Cognitive behavio* Therapy” OR RFCBT). Among the initial 328 studies identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were randomized controlled trials. Intervention characteristics and results were narratively synthesized to address the review aims. This review found preliminary evidence that the RFCBT could eliminate depressive symptoms post-intervention, and might prevent individuals from developing depression, alleviate depressive symptoms, and prevent relapse of depression, as well as reduce rumination. RFCBT could be promoted to treat depressive symptoms, especially for those with a high tendency toward rumination. However, more studies with rigorous designs are required to confirm its efficacy across different stages of depression. Future studies could compare RFCBT with other psychotherapies, dismantle the psychological therapies to identify their effective components, and explore which specific groups of people might benefit most from this intervention.
The manifestation and causes of public panic in the early stage of COVID-19 in China: a framework based on consciousness-attitude-behavior
Authors: Wei Changwei , Xu Jiaxi , Xu Zuying
Published: December 2024

Background

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a stark and devastating impact on global scales, affecting countries and their citizens profoundly. The public’s lack of readiness for such an enigmatic and virulent threat led to widespread alarm, catalyzing a paradigm shift in both public conduct and governmental tactics. In the midst of this urgency, there was a notable lack of studies on the initial panic waves. Our study is designed to investigate the dynamics of public panic during the early stages of the pandemic, including its origins, and the public’s perceptions and behaviors.

Methods

Our research, conducted through a questionnaire survey employing snowball sampling, gathered critical data on the public’s awareness, attitudes, and behaviors related to panic between February 23rd and March 25th, 2020.

Results

The findings indicate a period of exceptionally intense and authentic public panic. This panic was a pervasive sentiment, manifesting in strong endorsements for rigorous epidemic control measures and heightened anxiety over virus-related information and family safety. The rapid spread of panic was also a notable characteristic.

Conclusion

The public panic in response to COVID-19 was modulated by stringent prevention measures, with anxiety levels differing significantly based on occupation and health awareness. Notably, the rise of suspicious and distrustful actions was inextricably linked to an overwhelming sense of fear that gripped the public.