bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization and challenge shown by hamsters infected withOpisthorchis viverrinifollowing exposure to gamma-irradiated metacercariae of this carcinogenic liver fluke
Authors: Papatpremsiri A. , Junpue P. , Loukas A. , Brindley P.J. , Bethony J.M. , Sripa B. , Laha T.
Published: October 2014

Here we report findings to optimize and standardize conditions to attenuate metacercariae ofOpisthorchis viverriniby ionizing radiation to elicit protective immune responses to challenge infection. Metacercariae were gamma-irradiated and the ability of irradiated metacercariae to prevent patent infection of challenge metacercariae in hamsters was determined, as well as their ability to induce a host antibody response. Metacercariae irradiated in a dose-dependent manner, with 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, 25 and 50 Gray, were used to infect Syrian golden hamsters by stomach gavage to ascertain the effect of irradiation on ability of the worms to establish infection. In addition, other hamsters were infected with metacercariae irradiated with 20–50 Gray, followed by challenge with intact/wild-type (non-irradiated) metacercariae to determine the protective effect as established by the numbers of adult flukes, eggs ofO. viverriniin hamster faeces and anti-O. viverriniantibody titres. Significantly fewer worms were recovered from hamsters immunized with metacercariae irradiated at 20, 25 and 50 Gray than from control hamsters infected with intact metacercariae or 0 Gray, and the worms showed damaged reproductive organs. Faecal egg numbers were decreased significantly in hamsters immunized with 25 and 50 Gray metacercariae ofO. viverrini. Moreover, hamsters administered metacercariae that were protected elicited a robust, specific anti-fluke immunoglobulin G response compared to control hamsters, suggesting a role for antibody in protection elicited by radiation-attenuated metacercariae.
Re-irradiation in head and neck cancers: an Indian tertiary cancer centre experience
Authors: Mallick S , Gandhi A K , Joshi N P , Pandit S , Bhasker S , Sharma A , Thakar A , Mohanti B K
Published: October 2014

Objective:

To explore the treatment outcomes of patients treated with re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer.

Method:

An analysis was performed of 79 head and neck cancer patients who underwent re-irradiation for second primaries or recurrent disease from January 1999 to December 2011.

Results:

Median time from previous radiation to re-irradiation for second primary or recurrence was 53.6 months (range, 2.7–454.7 months). Median age at diagnosis of first primary was 54 years. Median re-irradiation dose was 45 Gy (range, 45–60 Gy). Acute grade 3 or worse toxicity was seen in 30 per cent of patients. Median progression-free survival for recurrent disease was 15.0 months (95 per cent confidence interval, 8.33–21.66). The following factors had a statistically significant, positive impact on progression-free survival: patient age of less than 50 years (median progression-free survival was 29.43, vs 13.9 months for those aged 50 years or older; p = 0.004) and disease-free interval of 2 years or more (median progression-free survival was 51.66, vs 13.9 months for those with less than 2 years disease-free interval).

Conclusion:

Re-irradiation of second primaries or recurrences of head and neck cancers with moderate radiation doses yields acceptable progression-free survival and morbidity rates.
New laryngoscope for endoscopic arytenoidectomies
Authors: Yilmaz T , Süslü N , Bajin M D , Günaydin R Ö , Özer S , Atay G
Published: October 2014

Objective:

During an endoscopic arytenoidectomy, an intubation tube must be elevated anteriorly with the laryngoscope to ensure an adequate surgical field. This paper describes a new laryngoscope that has a canal along the outer wall of the body and a ridge which runs along the canal.

Method:

Ten patients underwent endoscopic total arytenoidectomy using this new laryngoscope and 10 patients underwent the same operation using a regular laryngoscope.

Results:

The duration of all operations ranged between 25 and 65 minutes, with a median duration of 42.5 minutes. The median duration with the new laryngoscope was 39 minutes, and that with the regular laryngoscope was 49 minutes; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This new laryngoscope shortened the duration of the endoscopic arytenoidectomy and facilitated the procedure by enlarging the surgical field. This new laryngoscope may be a beneficial surgical instrument for posterior endoscopic laryngeal operations.
BOUT++: Recent and current developments
Authors: Dudson B. D. , Allen A. , Breyiannis G. , Brugger E. , Buchanan J. , Easy L. , Farley S. , Joseph I. , Kim M. , McGann A. D. , Omotani J. T. , Umansky M. V. , Walkden N. R. , Xia T. , Xu X. Q.
Published: October 2014

BOUT++ is a 3D nonlinear finite-difference plasma simulation code, capable of solving quite general systems of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), but targeted particularly on studies of the edge region of tokamak plasmas. BOUT++ is publicly available, and has been adopted by a growing number of researchers worldwide. Here we present improvements which have been made to the code since its original release, both in terms of structure and its capabilities. Some recent applications of these methods are reviewed, and areas of active development are discussed. We also present algorithms and tools which have been developed to enable creation of inputs from analytic expressions and experimental data, and for processing and visualisation of output results. This includes a new toolHypnotoadfor the creation of meshes from experimental equilibria. Algorithms have been implemented in BOUT++ to solve a range of linear algebraic problems encountered in the simulation of reduced Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and gyro-fluid models: A preconditioning scheme is presented which enables the plasma potential to be calculated efficiently using iterative methods supplied by the PETSc library (the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation) (Balay et al. 2014), without invoking the Boussinesq approximation. Scaling studies are also performed of a linear solver used as part of physics-based preconditioning to accelerate the convergence of implicit time-integration schemes.
Elephant poaching in Niassa Reserve, Mozambique: population impact revealed by combined survey trends for live elephants and carcasses
Authors: Booth Vernon R. , Dunham Kevin M.
Published: October 2014

Trends in the populations of large herbivores in Niassa Reserve, Mozambique, have been monitored through biennial aerial surveys since 1998. The elephant Loxodonta africana population has been subjected to intensive illegal hunting since 2006. We used a simple population model to mimic the observed trends in the numbers of live and dead elephants to demonstrate the impact of poaching. The number of fresh or recent carcasses recorded was used in the model as an index of the annual mortality rate. A maximum likelihood analysis to compare population models revealed that the best fit to the survey estimates of both live elephants and old or very old carcasses was a model that started with 6,635 elephants in 1987. This number increased through births by 4.6% annually and decreased through deaths from natural and anthropogenic causes. In the best-fit model, the mean mortality rate in any year was 3.2 times the observed 1 + 2 carcass ratio (ratio for carcasses in age categories 1 and 2), and carcasses remained visible for a mean of 6 years. The model suggested that c. 900 elephants were poached during 2007–2010 and another c. 1,000 during 2011. Population estimates for live elephants and carcasses are now routine outcomes of aerial surveys conducted as part of the CITES programme for Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants, and our method can be applied to any population with a time series of estimates for live and dead elephants.
Discovery of one of Sir John Franklin's ships
Authors: Barr William
Published: October 2014

In the summer of 2014 a major search was mounted in the Canadian Arctic for H.M.S.ErebusandTerror, the ships of Sir John Franklin's expedition, the aim of which was to make a transit of the northwest passage. Beset in the ice to the northwest of King William Island in the summer of 1846, they were abandoned there by the 105 surviving members of their crews in the summer of 1848. The officers and men hoped to walk south to the mouth of the Back River, presumably to ascend that river in the hope of reaching the nearest Hudson's Bay Company's post at Fort Resolution on Great Slave Lake. None of them survived. The 2014 expedition, the Victoria Strait Expedition, mounted by a consortium which included Parks Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard, the Canadian Navy, the Royal Canadian Geographical Society, the Arctic Research Foundation, and One Ocean Adventure, had four ships at its disposal including the Canadian Coast Guard's icebreakerSir Wilfrid Laurier(Captain Bill Noon) and the Navy's HMCSKingston.
Relational FastSLAM: an improved Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering framework using particle swarm characteristics
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwan , Eoh Gyuho , Lee Beom H.
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an improved Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering framework with consideration of the particle swarm characteristics in FastSLAM, called Relational FastSLAM or R-FastSLAM. The R-FastSLAM seeks to cope with the inherent problems of FastSLAM, i.e., a particle depletion problem and an error accumulation problem in large environments. The R-FastSLAM uses the particle swarm characteristics in calculating the importance weight and maintaining a particle formation. We assign more accurate weights to particles by clustering them using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm according to an adaptive weight compensation scheme. In addition, particles constitute an adaptive triangular mesh formation to maintain multiple data association hypotheses without any resampling step. Its outstanding accomplishments are verified on simulations and a test using the Victoria Park dataset by comparing the standard FastSLAM 2.0 with the particle swarm optimization based FastSLAM.
(Ba, Sr)3MgSi2O8 structure change caused by Ba/Sr replacement
Authors: Yonezaki Yoshinori
Published: October 2014

Crystal structure of BaxSr3–xMgSi2O8 has been determined by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The solid solution series have glaserite-type layered structures made of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra and MgO6 octahedra. Ba2+ and Sr2+ ions are sandwiched in between the layers. Raman spectroscopy has found that structural symmetry changes at x = 0.5 and 2.5. Structural refinement by the Rietveld method has clarified that the symmetry changes occur among C2 (Z = 4), P${\bar 3}$m1 (Z = 1), and P${\bar 3}$ (Z = 3). They originate in SiO4 tilting caused by size mismatch between alkali–earth cations and their site spaces. For x ≤ 0.5, SiO4 tilting occur every other interlayer space, whereas for x ≥ 2.5, all the SiO4 tilt.
Calcite V: a hundred-year-old mystery has been solved
Authors: Ishizawa Nobuo
Published: October 2014

Since Boeke's finding of a reversible phase transition of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) at elevated temperatures [Boeke, H. E. (1912). Neues Jahrb. Mineral. 1, 91–121], and following W. L. Bragg's determination of the structure of the room-temperature Phase I [Bragg, W. L. (1914). Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 89, 468–489.], the high-temperature Phase V of calcite has been an enduring mystery. Here, we summarize a paper on the structure of Phase V [Ishizawa, N., Setoguchi, H. and Yanagisawa, K. (2013). Sci. Rep. 3, 2832], as well as the intermediate Phase IV which exists between Phases I and V, and add new aspects. An in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed that the I–IV and IV–V transitions occurred reversibly at approximately 985 and 1240 K, respectively, in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Phase V was stable only over a narrow temperature range between 1240 and 1275 K. The crystal decomposed immediately at temperatures above 1275 K, leaving a nanoporous calcium oxide reaction product which retained the shape of the parent calcite crystal. The I–IV transition can be described as an orientational order/disorder transition of the carbonate group, occurring within the same space group $R\bar 3c$. In Phase V, the oxygen sublattice is melted. The joint-probability density function obtained from the anharmonic atomic displacement parameters of the oxygen atoms revealed that the oxygen triangles of the carbonate group in Phase V do not sit still at specified Wyckoff positions in the space group $R\bar 3m$, but are instead distributed with equal probability along the undulated circular orbital about the central carbon. The carbonate group in Phase V is no longer flat on the basal plane when the oxygen triangle comes to troughs or peaks in the undulated orbital, but is instead deformed like an umbrella. Assuming that the oxygen triangle migrates about carbon, the carbonate group should repeat the umbrella inversion in Phase V as a function of time. Finally, possible thermal decomposition mechanisms of calcite are briefly discussed.
Antibody response and risk factors for seropositivity in backyard poultry following mass vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza and Newcastle disease in Indonesia
Authors: McLAWS M. , PRIYONO W. , BETT B. , AL-QAMAR S. , CLAASSEN I. , WIDIASTUTI T. , POOLE J. , SCHOONMAN L. , JOST C. , MARINER J.
Published: October 2014

A large-scale mass vaccination campaign was carried out in Java, Indonesia in an attempt to control outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in backyard flocks and commercial smallholder poultry. Sero-monitoring was conducted in mass vaccination and control areas to assess the proportion of the target population with antibodies against HPAI and Newcastle disease (ND). There were four rounds of vaccination, and samples were collected after each round resulting in a total of 27 293 samples. Sampling was performed irrespective of vaccination status. In the mass vaccination areas, 20–45% of poultry sampled had a positive titre to H5 after each round of vaccination, compared to 2–3% in the control group. In the HPAI + ND vaccination group, 12–25% of the population had positive ND titres, compared to 5–13% in the areas without ND vaccination. The level of seropositivity varied by district, age of the bird, and species (ducks vs. chickens).
Lineage shift of dengue virus in Eastern India: an increased implication for DHF/DSS
Authors: SHRIVASTAVA A. , SONI M. , SHRIVASTAVA S. , SHARMA S. , DASH P. K. , GOPALAN N. , BEHERA P. K. , PARIDA M. M.
Published: October 2014

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has become a major public health problem with marked expansion in recent decades. Dengue has now become hyperendemic in India with co-circulation of all the four serotypes. Herein, we report an unprecedented outbreak which occurred during August to October 2011 in Odisha, eastern India. This is the first report of a large epidemic in Odisha. Detailed serological and molecular investigation was carried out to identify the aetiology. Almost half of the samples were found to be dengue antigen (NS1) positive. Further molecular assays revealed circulation of mixed dengue serotypes (DENV-2 and DENV-3). Cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2 and -3 were identified as the aetiology by phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, a new lineage of DENV-3 within cosmopolitan genotype was incriminated in this outbreak. The emergence of the unprecedented magnitude of the dengue outbreak with the involvement of a novel lineage of DENV in a newer state of India is a major cause for concern. There is an urgent need to monitor phylodynamics of dengue viruses in other endemic areas.
Ecclesiastical Lawyers and the English Reformation
Authors: Helmholz R. H.
Published: October 2014

Too little is known about the history of the profession of ecclesiastical law. It is a good subject for research. The Prefect of the Vatican Library once described the medieval English ecclesiastical lawyers as a ‘much-maligned class’ that has commonly been held responsible for a great many of the ills that afflicted the English Church. He was restating a not uncommon judgment among historians who have been obliged by their subject to say something about ecclesiastical lawyers. But it is a statement about public perception rather than actual conditions among these lawyers. There needs to be somewhat more of the latter. We do know something about the top of the profession, the advocates and judges of Doctors' Commons. The rest of the landscape is almost wholly terra incognita. About the diocesan registrar, the backbone of the profession, there is only one article – a good article to be sure – but only one: that published in 1976 by Rosemary O'Day. There is much more to be done.
Trust and the willingness to contribute to environmental goods in selected African countries
Authors: Yogo Urbain Thierry
Published: October 2014

Using data from the World Value Survey for the period 1981–2007, this paper shows that the level of trust is positively linked to the willingness to contribute to environmental goods in selected African countries. The results are robust to possible errors in measuring trust, to the presence of various controls, and the potential endogeneity bias. These findings complement and extend the existing literature in the sense that they provide evidence on the importance of trust in improving the collective management of natural resources in Africa.
A planar UWB antenna based on MB-OFDM applications with switchable dual band-notched for cognitive radio systems
Authors: Sharbati Vahid , Rezaei Pejman , Shahzadi Ali , Fakharian Mohammad M.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a switchable antenna with capability to operate in ultrawideband (UWB) frequency from 3 to 10.7 GHz with two switchable notch bands of 3.3–3.7 and 3.7–4.2 GHz, is presented for cognitive radio (CR) and multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure and compact size of 17 × 24 mm2. The antenna in the UWB characteristics is obtained using a circular radiator patch with an embedded T-slot on the patch and a rectangular parasitic element that is attached to the patch. The reconfigurability is also achieved by two L-shaped parasitic elements placed in the left and right of the patch that two ideal switches is inserted over the these elements and the circular patch. The function of the antenna can be changed by tuning status of the switches that make the notch bands in application frequencies. The measurement and simulation results show that the antenna has good characteristics for CR application and MB-OFDM, where the UWB antenna is required for spectrum sensing and the switchable band rejection antenna is used for reconfigurable operation.
Cerebral Perfusion in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rusinek Henry , Ha Jenny , Yau Po Lai , Storey Pippa , Tirsi Aziz , Tsui Wai Hon , Frosch Olivia , Azova Svetlana , Convit Antonio
Published: October 2014

Cerebral perfusion was evaluated in 87 subjects prospectively enrolled in three study groups—healthy controls (HC), patients with insulin resistance (IR) but not with diabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Participants received a comprehensive 8-hour clinical evaluation and arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In order of decreasing significance, an association was found between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and sex, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure (BP), end tidal CO2, and verbal fluency score ( R2=0.27, F=5.89, P<0.001). Mean gray-matter CBF in IR was 4.4 mL/100 g per minute lower than in control subjects ( P=0.005), with no hypoperfusion in T2DM ( P=0.312). Subjects with IR also showed no CO2 relationship (slope=−0.012) in the normocapnic range, in contrast to a strong relationship in healthy brains (slope=0.800) and intermediate response (slope=0.445) in diabetic patients. Since the majority of T2DM but few IR subjects were aggressively treated with blood glucose, cholesterol, and BP lowering medications, our finding could be attributed to the beneficial effect of these drugs.
CD28 Superagonist-Mediated Boost of Regulatory T Cells Increases Thrombo-Inflammation and Ischemic Neurodegeneration during the Acute Phase of Experimental Stroke
Authors: Schuhmann Michael K , Kraft Peter , Stoll Guido , Lorenz Kristina , Meuth Sven G , Wiendl Heinz , Nieswandt Bernhard , Sparwasser Tim , Beyersdorf Niklas , Kerkau Thomas , Kleinschnitz Christoph
Published: October 2014

While the detrimental role of non-regulatory T cells in ischemic stroke is meanwhile unequivocally recognized, there are controversies about the properties of regulatory T cells (Treg). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Treg by applying superagonistic anti-CD28 antibody expansion of Treg. Stroke outcome, thrombus formation, and brain-infiltrating cells were determined on day 1 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Antibody-mediated expansion of Treg enhanced stroke size and worsened functional outcome. Mechanistically, Treg increased thrombus formation in the cerebral microvasculature. These findings confirm that Treg promote thrombo-inflammatory lesion growth during the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
Parkin regulates kainate receptors by interacting with the GluK2 subunit
Authors: Maraschi AnnaMaria , Ciammola Andrea , Folci Alessandra , Sassone Francesca , Ronzitti Giuseppe , Cappelletti Graziella , Silani Vincenzo , Sato Shigeto , Hattori Nobutaka , Mazzanti Michele , Chieregatti Evelina , Mulle Christophe , Passafaro Maria , Sassone Jenny
Published: October 2014

Although loss-of-function mutations in thePARK2gene, the gene that encodes the protein parkin, cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, the responsible molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggests that a loss of parkin dysregulates excitatory synapses. Here we show that parkin interacts with the kainate receptor (KAR) GluK2 subunit and regulates KAR function. Loss of parkin function in primary cultured neurons causes GluK2 protein to accumulate in the plasma membrane, potentiates KAR currents and increases KAR-dependent excitotoxicity. Expression in the mouse brain of a parkin mutant causing autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism results in GluK2 protein accumulation and excitotoxicity. These findings show that parkin regulates KAR functionin vitroandin vivo, and suggest that KAR upregulation may have a pathogenetic role in parkin-related autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism.
Lateral opening of the bacterial translocon on ribosome binding and signal peptide insertion
Authors: Ge Yan , Draycheva Albena , Bornemann Thomas , Rodnina Marina V. , Wintermeyer Wolfgang
Published: October 2014

Proteins are co-translationally inserted into the bacterial plasma membrane via the SecYEG translocon by lateral release of hydrophobic transmembrane segments into the phospholipid bilayer. The trigger for lateral opening of the translocon is not known. Here we monitor lateral opening by photo-induced electron transfer (PET) between two fluorophores attached to the two SecY helices at the rim of the gate. In the resting translocon, the fluorescence is quenched, consistent with a closed conformation. Ribosome binding to the translocon diminishes PET quenching, indicating opening of the gate. The effect is larger with ribosomes exposing hydrophobic transmembrane segments and vanishes at low temperature. We propose a temperature-dependent dynamic equilibrium between closed and open conformations of the translocon that is shifted towards partially and fully open by ribosome binding and insertion of a hydrophobic peptide, respectively. The combined effects of ribosome and peptide binding allow for co-translational membrane insertion of successive transmembrane segments.
Identifying Determinants of EGFR‐Targeted Therapeutic Biochemical Efficacy Using Computational Modeling
Authors: Monast C S , Lazzara M J
Published: October 2014

We modeled cellular epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation dynamics in the presence of receptor‐targeting kinase inhibitors (e.g., gefitinib) or antibodies (e.g., cetuximab) to identify systematically the factors that contribute most to the ability of the therapeutics to antagonize EGFR phosphorylation, an effect we define here as biochemical efficacy. Our model identifies distinct processes as controlling gefitinib or cetuximab biochemical efficacy, suggests biochemical efficacy is favored in the presence of certain EGFR ligands, and suggests new drug design principles. For example, the model predicts that gefitinib biochemical efficacy is preferentially sensitive to perturbations in the activity of tyrosine phosphatases regulating EGFR, but that cetuximab biochemical efficacy is preferentially sensitive to perturbations in ligand binding. Our results highlight numerous other considerations that determine biochemical efficacy beyond those reflected by equilibrium affinities. By integrating these considerations, our model also predicts minimum therapeutic combination concentrations to maximally reduce receptor phosphorylation.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e141; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.39; published online 15 October 2014
Nanoparticle role on the repeatability of stimuli-responsive nanocomposites
Authors: Ahn Sungsook , Lee Sang Joon
Published: October 2014

Repeatability of the responsiveness with time is one important concern for effective durable functions of stimuli-responsive materials. Although the increase in the yield and tensile strength of the hybrid composite materials by nanoparticle (NP) incorporation has been reported, exact NP effect on stimuli-responsiveness is rarely reported. In this study, a set of nanoscale actuating system is demonstrated by a thermo-sensitive process operated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) linked by gold nanoparticle (AuNP). This designed nanocomposite exclusively provides an artificial on/off gate function for selective passages of permeate molecules. The results demonstrate high repetition efficiency with sharp responding in a timely manner. In terms of the morphology changes induced by repeated swelling-deswelling mechanics, the nanocomposite exhibits phase separation between AuNP clusters and PEG domains. This leads to a delay in responsiveness in a cumulative way with time. Acting as stable junction points in the nanocomposite network structures, the incorporated AuNPs contribute to maintain repeatability in responsiveness. This study contributes to new-concept smart material design and fundamental understanding on the hybrid nanomaterials for various applications in terms of a dynamic mechanical behavior.
Responsive ionic liquid–polymer 2D photonic crystal gas sensors
Authors: Smith Natasha L. , Hong Zhenmin , Asher Sanford A.
Published: October 2014

Responsive polymer–ionic liquid systems that are stable with respect to ambient conditions and capable of detecting gases.
Fast screening of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using trapped ion mobility spectrometry – mass spectrometry
Authors: Castellanos A. , Benigni P. , Hernandez D. R. , DeBord J. D. , Ridgeway M. E. , Park M. A. , Fernandez-Lima F.
Published: October 2014

In the present paper, we showed the advantages of trapped ion mobility spectrometry coupled to mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) combined with theoretical calculations for fast identification (millisecond timescale) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compounds from complex mixtures.
Rapid and nondestructive evaluation of fish freshness by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with chemometrics analysis
Authors: Ding Ran , Huang Xingyi , Han Fangkai , Dai Huang , Teye Ernest , Xu Fubin
Published: October 2014

Rapid and nondestructive measurement of freshness is essential for the control of fish and the quality and safety of its products.
Rapid inoculation of single bacteria into parallel picoliter fermentation chambers
Authors: Probst Christopher , Grünberger Alexander , Braun Nadja , Helfrich Stefan , Nöh Katharina , Wiechert Wolfgang , Kohlheyer Dietrich
Published: October 2014

An injected air bubble serves as a reproducible mechanism to modify laminar flow conditions during single cell inoculation.
15N2 formation and fast oxygen isotope exchange during pulsed 15N18O exposure of MnOx/CeO2
Authors: Szanyi J. , Kwak J. H.
Published: October 2014

Molecular nitrogen formation and extensive isotope exchange between 15N18O and surface 16O on defect-rich MnOx/CeO2 was observed.
Phosphorescence within benzotellurophenes and color tunable tellurophenes under ambient conditions
Authors: He Gang , Wiltshire Benjamin D. , Choi Paul , Savin Aliaksandr , Sun Shuai , Mohammadpour Arash , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Farsinezhad Samira , Brown Alex , Shankar Karthik , Rivard Eric
Published: October 2014

The zirconium-mediated syntheses of pinacolboronate (BPin) appended benzo[b]tellurophenes and two phenyl/BPin substituted tellurophene isomers with different colors of emission have been achieved.
One-dimensional channels constructed from per-hydroxylated pillar[6]arene molecules for gas and vapour adsorption
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Sueto Ryuta , Yoshikoshi Kumiko , Yamagishi Tada-aki
Published: October 2014

We report that one-dimensional channels constructed from per-hydroxylated pillar[6]arene molecules with a diameter of 6.7 Å can capture various gases, such as CO2, N2 and n-butane, and vapours of saturated hydrocarbons such as n-hexane and cyclohexane.
Cucurbit[6]uril–cucurbit[7]uril heterodimer promotes controlled self-assembly of supramolecular networks and supramolecular micelles by self-sorting of amphiphilic guests
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Cao Liping , Isaacs Lyle
Published: October 2014

We report the synthesis of CB[6]–CB[7] heterodimer 1 and its self-assembly into supramolecular networks and supramolecular micelles when combined with hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymeric guests.
Catalytic activity of a dual-hemin labelled oligonucleotide: conformational dependence and fluorescent DNA sensing
Authors: Wang Quanbo , Xu Nan , Gui Zhen , Lei Jianping , Ju Huangxian , Yan Feng
Published: October 2014

The conformation-dependent peroxidase activity of a dual-hemin labelled oligonucleotide was identified and conveniently utilized to design a sensitive homogenous fluorescent method for DNA sensing.
Circular serendipity: in situ ligand transformation for the self-assembly of an hexadecametallic [CuII16] wheel
Authors: Kostopoulos Andreas K. , Katsenis Athanassios D. , Frost Jamie M. , Kessler Vadim G. , Brechin Euan K. , Papaefstathiou Giannis S.
Published: October 2014

A [Cu16II] wheel has been isolated serendipitously from the reaction of acetylacetone dioxime with CuII and LnIII ions. The ligand has been transformed in situ to three different forms, all found within the [Cu16], with the original ligand absent.
Chelation assistance as a tool for the selective preparation of an imidazole-based mesoionic palladium carbene complex
Authors: Juzgado Arturo , Lorenzo-García M. Mercedes , Barrejón Myriam , Rodríguez Ana M. , Rodríguez-López Julián , Merino Sonia , Tejeda Juan
Published: October 2014

For the first time, an imidazole-based abnormal carbene was selectively obtained by chelation assistance from the corresponding C(2)-unsubstituted imidazolium salt.
Ferritin light-chain subunits: key elements for the electron transfer across the protein cage
Authors: Carmona Unai , Li Le , Zhang Lianbing , Knez Mato
Published: October 2014

Using an external electron acceptor and donor and Pt nanoparticles as the enzyme-mimetic electron source, the electron transfer across the protein cage was identified as the first specific functionality of the light-chain subunit of ferritin.
Crystal engineering, structure–function relationships, and the future of metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Allendorf Mark D. , Stavila Vitalie
Published: October 2014

After twenty years of vigorous R&D, where are MOFs headed?
Perfect inhibition of CdS photocorrosion by graphene sheltering engineering on TiO2 nanotube array for highly stable photocatalytic activity
Authors: Tang Yanhong , Hu Xu , Liu Chengbin
Published: October 2014

An artful graphene-sheltering engineering has been developed for perfect inhibition of CdS photocorrosion.
Insights into the reversible oxygen reduction reaction in a series of phosphonium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , Howlett Patrick C. , Hodgson Jennifer L. , Madsen Louis A. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria
Published: October 2014

Extensive evidence for the stability of the superoxide anion in phosphonium-based ILs is demonstrated by computational quantum chemistry and NMR.
A perspective on chemistry in transient plasma from broadband rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Zaleski Daniel P. , Stephens Susanna L. , Walker Nicholas R.
Published: October 2014

A review of recent experiments demonstrating the high value of broadband rotational spectroscopy applied to analyse molecular products of plasma chemistry.
Excited-state proton coupled electron transfer between photolyase and the damaged DNA through water wire: a photo-repair mechanism
Authors: Wang Hongjuan , Chen Xuebo , Fang Weihai
Published: October 2014

A photo-repair mechanism was proposed to proceed through proton-coupled electron transfer controlled by intervening adenine and the assistant of a water wire.
Red-shifting the optical response of firefly oxyluciferin with group 15/16 substitutions
Authors: Milne Bruce F.
Published: October 2014

A range of firefly oxyluciferin analogues symmetrically substituted with group 15 and 16 elements have been found to have red-shifted first excitation energies with the heaviest derivative investigated (As/Se) displaying a shift of −0.69 eV.
From 1 → 3 dendritic designs to fractal supramacromolecular constructs: understanding the pathway to the Sierpiński gasket
Authors: Newkome George R. , Moorefield Charles N.
Published: October 2014

The potential to incorporate dendritic characteristics, such as self-similarity into new fractal-based materials is exemplified in the self-assembly of novel, polyterpyridine-based, building blocks.
Cucurbiturils: from synthesis to high-affinity binding and catalysis
Authors: Assaf Khaleel I. , Nau Werner M.
Published: October 2014

Major developments in the synthesis of cucurbiturils and applications related to their high-affinity binding and catalysis have recently taken place.
Oxidation of NO on Pt/M (M = Pt, Co, Fe, Mn): a first-principles density functional theory study
Authors: Arevalo Ryan Lacdao , Oka Kohei , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Kasai Hideaki , Maekawa Hiroyoshi , Osumi Kazuo , Shimazaki Naoki
Published: October 2014

Pt overlayer on 3d transition metals show promising properties for NO oxidation.
Zinc calixarene complexes for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Walton Mark J. , Lancaster Simon J. , Wright Joseph A. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Redshaw Carl
Published: October 2014

A number of zinc calixarene complexes have been structurally characterized and screened for the ROP of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide.
Enhancing σ/π-type copper(i)⋯thiophene interactions by metal doping (metal = Li, Na, K, Ca, Sc)
Authors: Zhang Xiayan , Li Xiaoyan , Zeng Yanli , Zheng Shijun , Meng Lingpeng
Published: October 2014

Metal atom doping on thiophene can enhance the Cu⋯thiophene interactions. Enhancement factors are determined by electrostatic potentials of the molecular surface and the electronic configuration of the doping metal.
Synthesis and characterisation of lanthanide-hydroporphyrin dyads
Authors: Xiong Ruisheng , Andres Julien , Scheffler Kira , Borbas K. Eszter
Published: October 2014

Hydroporphyrin-linked lanthanide complexes with variations in tetrapyrrole structure, linker length and mode of attachment are reported.
Synthesis and photoelectric properties of new Dawson-type polyoxometalate-based dimeric and oligomeric Pt(ii)-acetylide inorganic–organic hybrids
Authors: Liu Li , Hu Lei , Liu Qian , Du Zu-Liang , Li Fa-Bao , Li Guang-Hua , Zhu Xun-Jin , Wong Wai-Yeung , Wang Lei , Li Hua
Published: October 2014

New polyoxometalate-based Pt(ii)-acetylide hybrids were prepared and their photoelectric properties as hybrid LB films were studied.
Atheroprotective effects of (poly)phenols: a focus on cell cholesterol metabolism
Authors: Zanotti Ilaria , Dall'Asta Margherita , Mena Pedro , Mele Laura , Bruni Renato , Ray Sumantra , Del Rio Daniele
Published: October 2014

Collated observations from several studies have demonstrated that dietary intake of (poly)phenols from nuts, coffee, cocoa, grapes, and berries may protect against the development of atherosclerosis by affecting cholesterol metabolism.
Faster and cleaner dynamic kinetic resolution via mechanochemistry
Authors: Métro Thomas-Xavier , Salom-Roig Xavier J. , Reverte Maëva , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: October 2014

Application of the ball-milling techniques to dynamic kinetic resolution accelerates reactions while avoiding the use of toxic organic solvents and reactants commonly required in these processes.
An integrated microspectrometer for localised multiplexing measurements
Authors: Hu Zhixiong , Glidle Andrew , Ironside Charles , Cooper Jonathan M. , Yin Huabing
Published: October 2014

A portable lensed microspectrometer capable of localized multiplexing fluorescence measurements from a single defined location was developed.
A microfluidic device for real-time monitoring of Bacillus subtilis bacterial spores during germination based on non-specific physicochemical interactions on the nanoscale level
Authors: Zabrocka L. , Langer K. , Michalski A. , Kocik J. , Langer J. J.
Published: October 2014

The microfluidic device, equipped with a polyaniline nano-network, is used for the first time to monitor the germination of bacterial spores by basing on non-specific interactions.
Construction of a lncRNA–PCG bipartite network and identification of cancer-related lncRNAs: a case study in prostate cancer
Authors: Liu Yongjing , Zhang Rui , Qiu Fujun , Li Kening , Zhou Yuanshuai , Shang Desi , Xu Yan
Published: October 2014

We constructed a lncRNA–PCG bipartite network by sample correlation and identified cancer-related lncRNAs.
NMR analysis of budding yeast metabolomics: a rapid method for sample preparation
Authors: Airoldi C. , Tripodi F. , Guzzi C. , Nicastro R. , Coccetti P.
Published: October 2014

We present a rapid and reproducible protocol for intracellular metabolite extraction from yeast cells analyzed by1H-NMR spectroscopy.
The biochemical effects of extracellular Zn2+and other metal ions are severely affected by their speciation in cell culture media
Authors: Haase H. , Hebel S. , Engelhardt G. , Rink L.
Published: October 2014

Differential speciation and lower zinc buffering by less bovine serum albumin (BSA) in cell culture medium lead to altered zinc homeostasis compared to the cellular environmentin vivo.
Three N-stabilized rhodamine-based fluorescent probes for Al3+via Al3+-promoted hydrolysis of Schiff bases
Authors: Ding Peigang , Wang Jinhui , Cheng Junye , Zhao Yufen , Ye Yong
Published: October 2014

New fluorescent probes L1–L3 displayed high sensitivity toward Al3+.
High interfacial storage capability of porous NiMn2O4/C hierarchical tremella-like nanostructures as the lithium ion battery anode
Authors: Kang Wenpei , Tang Yongbing , Li Wenyue , Yang Xia , Xue Hongtao , Yang Qingdan , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: October 2014

NiMn2O4/C hierarchical tremella-like nanostructures are facilely prepared and show an ultra-high specific capacity even at high current density as anode materials of lithium ion batteries.
Synthesis of dendritic iridium nanostructures based on the oriented attachment mechanism and their enhanced CO and ammonia catalytic activities
Authors: Wang Chao , Xiao Guanjun , Sui Yongming , Yang Xinyi , Liu Gang , Jia Mingjun , Han Wei , Liu Bingbing , Zou Bo
Published: October 2014

The as-prepared Ir nanodendrites exhibit enhanced CO and ammonia catalytic activities, which enables their potential application in fuel cells.
Rationale for the crystallization of titania polymorphs in solution
Authors: Kränzlin N. , Staniuk M. , Heiligtag F. J. , Luo L. , Emerich H. , van Beek W. , Niederberger M. , Koziej D.
Published: October 2014

We use in situ X-ray absorption and diffraction studies to directly monitor the crystallization of different titania polymorphs in one and the same solution.
Cobalt nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Su Yunhe , Zhu Yihua , Jiang Hongliang , Shen Jianhua , Yang Xiaoling , Zou Wenjian , Chen Jianding , Li Chunzhong
Published: October 2014

A hybrid composite of Co NPs embedded in N-doped carbon was prepared. With the synergistic interactions, the hybrid catalyst exhibits efficient bifunctional catalytic activity and stability toward both ORR and OER.
Crystal structure of Au25(SePh)18 nanoclusters and insights into their electronic, optical and catalytic properties
Authors: Song Yongbo , Zhong Juan , Yang Sha , Wang Shuxin , Cao Tiantian , Zhang Jun , Li Peng , Hu Daqiao , Pei Yong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: October 2014

Compared with Au25(SC2H4Ph)18, Au25(SePh)18 has some differences worth mentioning in its structure and properties.
Tailoring the water structure and transport in nanotubes with tunable interiors
Authors: Ruiz Luis , Wu Yuanqiao , Keten Sinan
Published: October 2014

The organization and transport properties of water in nanotubes can be tailored by bioinspired chemical functionalization of the nanotube lumen.
Continuous fabrication of scalable 2-dimensional (2D) micro- and nanostructures by sequential 1D mechanical patterning processes
Authors: Ok Jong G. , Panday Ashwin , Lee Taehwa , Jay Guo L.
Published: October 2014

We present a versatile and simple methodology for continuous and scalable 2D micro/nano-structure fabrication through sequential 1D patterning strokes.
Corrin-based chemosensors for the ASSURED detection of endogenous cyanide
Authors: Zelder Felix , Tivana Lucas
Published: October 2014

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a staple food for more than 500 million people, especially in Africa and South America.
Silver-mediated oxidative vinylic C–H bond sulfenylation of enamides with disulfides
Authors: Yang Luo , Wen Qing , Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: October 2014

A silver-mediated oxidative vinylic C–H bond sulfenylation of enamides was developed. This method is compatible with diaryl and dialkyl disulfides to deliver the biologically precious chalcogenated olefins efficiently. A plausible non-chain radical mechanism was proposed for understanding this novel sulfenylation based on the mechanistic studies.
The direct electrophilic cyanation of β-keto esters and amides with cyano benziodoxole
Authors: Wang Yao-Feng , Qiu Jiashen , Kong Dejie , Gao Yongtao , Lu Feipeng , Karmaker Pran Gopal , Chen Fu-Xue
Published: October 2014

Electrophilic cyanating agent C1 accomplishes the direct cyanation of β-keto esters and amides without any catalyst and base.
Functional importance of the sugar moiety of jasmonic acid glucoside for bioactivity and target affinity
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Yang Gangqiang , Nukadzuka Yuuki , Ishimaru Yasuhiro , Tamura Satoru , Manabe Yoshiyuki
Published: October 2014

Importance of the d-glycopyranoside structure for the bioactivity and target affinity of jasmonic acid glucoside.
Palladium catalyzed dual C–H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums, an approach to ring fused carbazole derivatives
Authors: Wu Yongcheng , Peng Xiaopeng , Luo Bingling , Wu Fuhai , Liu Bo , Song Fenyun , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: October 2014

As the tile reaction shows, an array of dibenzocarbazoles were obtained via dual C–H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums in a single operation.
Novel polymer synthesis methodologies using combinations of thermally- and photochemically-induced nitroxide mediated polymerization
Authors: Morris Jason , Telitel Sofia , Fairfull-Smith Kathryn E. , Bottle Steven E. , Lalevée Jacques , Clément Jean-Louis , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gigmes Didier
Published: October 2014

The combination of thermally- and photochemically-induced polymerization using light sensitive alkoxyamines was investigated.
A facile green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by using pollen grains of Peltophorum pterocarpum and study of its electrochemical behavior
Authors: Rahman O. S. Asiq , Chellasamy V. , Ponpandian N. , Amirthapandian S. , Panigrahi B. K. , Thangadurai P.
Published: October 2014

Reduction of GO to RGO by pollen grains ofPeltophorum pterocarpum.
Host–guest assembly of adamantyl tethered squaraine in β-cyclodextrin for monitoring pH in living cells
Authors: Xu Wenjian , Zhu Xiaochan , Wang Guimei , Sun Chuanguo , Zheng Qingfeng , Yang Huanghao , Fu Nanyan
Published: October 2014

A host-guest assembly of adamantyl tethered squaraine in β-cyclodextrin has been designed as a sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging intracellular pH in living cells.
Effects of alkanethiols chain length on the synthesis of Cu2−xS nanocrystals: phase, morphology, plasmonic properties and electrical conductivity
Authors: Li Xu , Tang Aiwei , Guan Li , Ye Haihang , Hou Yanbing , Dong Guoyi , Yang Zhiping , Teng Feng
Published: October 2014

We synthesized Cu2−xS nanocrystals with different shapes and phases by using alkanethiols with varying chain length as sulfur sources.
Catalytic activity and stability of porous Co–Cu–Mn mixed oxide modified microfibrous-structured ZSM-5 membrane/PSSF catalyst for VOCs oxidation
Authors: Chen Huanhao , Yan Ying , Shao Yan , Zhang Huiping
Published: October 2014

Porous microfibrous-structured ZSM-5 membrane catalyst possesses excellent catalytic activity and stability.
Red and near infrared persistent luminescence nano-probes for bioimaging and targeting applications
Authors: Singh S. K.
Published: October 2014

Schematic representation of the different processes in persistent luminescence: charging (1), stimulation (2), discharging (3) (PET-persistent energy transfer, QT-quantum tunneling).
3D ordered nanoporous NiMoO4 for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Moosavifard Seyyed Ebrahim , Shamsi Javad , Fani Saeed , Kadkhodazade Saeid
Published: October 2014

3D ordered nanocrystalline nanoporous NiMoO4 with high surface area and bimodal pore size distribution has been synthesized by nanocasting from mesoporous silica KIT-6, and applied as high-performance supercapacitor electrode material.
Real-time detection of telomerase activity in cancer cells using a label-free electrochemical impedimetric biosensing microchip
Authors: Cunci Lisandro , Martinez Vargas Marina , Cunci Roman , Gomez-Moreno Ramon , Perez Ivan , Baerga-Ortiz Abel , Gonzalez Carlos I. , Cabrera Carlos R.
Published: October 2014

Impedimetric biosensor microchip for the detection of telomerase activity as a biomarker for cancer.
An electrochemically activated graphite electrode with excellent kinetics for electrode processes of V(ii)/V(iii) and V(iv)/V(v) couples in a vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Liu Huijun , Yang Lingxu , Xu Qian , Yan Chuanwei
Published: October 2014

The electrochemical activity and the reversibility for electrode processes of vanadium ion redox couples are significantly enhanced on an EAGE, which is due to the functional groups of COOH and CO introduced on its surface.
Composite banded core and non-banded shell transition patterns in stereocomplexed poly(lactide acid) induced by strongly interacting poly(p-vinyl phenol)
Authors: Ni'mah Hikmatun , Woo Eamor M. , Chang Shih-Min
Published: October 2014

Composite ring-banded core and non-banded outer peripheral patterns were found in sc-PLA interacting with amorphous PVPh at several Tcs.
Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of novel coumarinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives
Authors: Gali Rajitha , Banothu Janardhan , Porika Mahendar , Velpula Ravibabu , Bavantula Rajitha , Abbagani Sadanandam
Published: October 2014

A series of novel coumarinylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives were synthesized by the treatment of 3-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one with phenacyl bromides followed by Vilsmeier–Haack and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity.