bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi karakteristik pedagang keliling (studi kasus Kota Surakarta)
Authors: Mahayati Parithustha , Rahayu Murtanti Jani
Published: July 2022

Kota Surakarta sebagai salah satu kawasan perkotaan penting di Jawa Tengah menjadi tempat berdagang bagi banyak pedagang informal, khususnya pedagang keliling. Keberadaan mereka dibutuhkan oleh warga kota walaupun dengan permasalahan status legal. Pedagang keliling memiliki sifat pergerakan yang leluasa sehingga mudah dijumpai dan diakses masyarakat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian karakteristik pedagang keliling di Kota Surakarta. Objek pedagang keliling yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pedagang sayur dan pedagang makanan siap saji. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif yang menekankan pada realitas dan proses suatu fenomena dapat terjadi agar mampu memberikan gambaran khusus terkait pedagang keliling. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa karakteristik pedagang keliling yang diidentifikasi dengan lima indikator, yaitu karakteristik pelaku, lokasi, sarana fisik, modal, dan aktivitas berdagang. Strategi yang digunakan pedagang keliling untuk menjaga keberlangsungan usaha dilakukan melalui dua cara, yaitu diversifikasi produk sesuai kebutuhan konsumen serta mempertahankan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap pedagang keliling.
OPTIMIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE PADDY AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN SANGGAU REGENCY, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Authors: Tambunan Roza Dewi , Nurliza Nurliza , Dolorosa Eva
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to formulate a strategy for developing paddy agribusiness in Sanggau Regency West Kalimantan using a SWOT analysis of 8 respondents who were considered experts. The results of the analysis show that the strengths in formulating a strategy are the existence of a Regional Regulation (Perda); The disadvantages are the low ability, skills, and knowledge of farmers; The opportunity is that the government facilitates farmers or farmer groups who want to sell their crops; the threat is the climate. An alternative strategy that can be taken is to increase the rice planting area and production, develop markets in the border region and the outside regency, and create synergies between farmers, entrepreneurs, and the government
EFISIENSI SALURAN PEMASARAN KOMODITAS BAYAM DI KELURAHAN SIANTAN HILIR KECAMATAN PONTIANAK UTARA KOTA PONTIANAK
Authors: Petrus Purba Raja Nammy , Kurniati Dewi , Suharyani Anita
Published: July 2022

Spinach is one of the agricultural commodities that is widely cultivated in Pontianak City. North Pontianak District is a center for growing spinach in Pontianak City with a planted area of 216 (ha) and production of 8,006 (ku) or around 76% of the total spinach production in the Pontianak City. There are two types of spinach that are most commonly cultivated in Siantan Hilir Village, North Pontianak District, namely spinach (Amaranthus tricolor). The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of marketing channels, marketing margins, farmer's share and efficiency of spinach marketing channels in Siantan Hilir Village, North Pontianak District, Pontianak City. The results indicate that there are 4 marketing channels of spinach. The lowest marketing margin value of spinach and the highest farmer's share is in channel 1, while the lowest margin and farmer's share are also found in channel 1. The most efficient marketing efficiency value of spinach is found in channel 3 which is 2.70 %, meanwhile, the most efficient marketing channel is in channel 2 with an efficiency value of 2.58%.
DAYA SAING KOMODITAS PERTANIAN UNGGULAN INDONESIA: PERBANDINGAN DENGAN NEGARA LAIN DI ASEAN DAN POTENSINYA
Authors: Rai Abyan , Faisal Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Abundant natural resources become a great potential for the Indonesian agricultural sector if they are managed properly. A large contribution from the agricultural sector is highly dependent on its superior commodities. However, liberal international trade creates a real challenge for leading commodities in the agricultural sector to have high competitiveness, at least in the ASEAN region. This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness of Indonesia's leading agricultural sector commodities and analyze the potential for improvement. The commodities analyzed were coffee, pepper, palm oil, tea, and tobacco. The data used is data on export conditions in 2019. The analysis is carried out using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RCTA), and Porter's diamond. The results of the analysis show that Indonesia's leading commodities have competitiveness in the global market and rank at the top in ASEAN based on RCA. RCTA shows that Indonesia's tea and tobacco commodities are not yet competitive in the global market. Porter's diamond shows that the competitiveness of Indonesia's leading agricultural commodities has the potential to be developed.
Post-Eruptive Persistent Cooling Beneath the Summit Crater of Usu Volcano as Revealed by Magnetic Repeat Surveys
Authors: Hashimoto Takeshi ,   Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
Published: July 2022

Remarkable and continuous geomagnetic field change, suggesting remagnetization at a shallow depth, was detected through repeated geomagnetic field observation of the summit area of Mt. Usu Volcano from 2008 to 2021. Long-term cooling of the remnant magma, that intruded during the 1977–82 eruption, was considered responsible for the remagnetization. A magnetic dipole parallel to the present geomagnetic field well reproduced the observation. The modeled source was located near the Ginnuma crater on the south side of the previously inferred intrusive body beneath the Usu-Shinzan cryptodome. Meanwhile, no magnetic source was detected on the other side of the intrusion, implying asymmetric heat transport paths around the intrusion. Considering previous studies on seismicity, geodetic modeling, and resistivity structure, the magnetic source region is plausibly a high permeability zone through which heat from the intruded magma has been efficiently transported. In other words, the source region can be a key monitoring target for future eruptions as it may be linked to the subsurface magma system.
Fracture Structures in and Around Hakone Volcano Revealed by Dense Seismic Observations
Authors: Honda Ryou , Abe Yuki , Yukutake Yohei , Sakai Shin’ichi ,   Hot Springs Research Institute of Kanagawa Prefecture (HSRI) 586 Iriuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: July 2022

Preexisting fracture systems, including old fissures, dikes, and microfractures in the caldera, are possibly used as channels for magma and hydrothermal fluid intrusions during an eruption. To reveal such a fracture system in the Hakone volcano, we used the fuzzy c-means method to perform clustering on S-wave splitting analysis results. The results show that the fracture system in the Hakone caldera can be divided into two clusters (A and B) or four clusters (A1, A2, B1, and B2). In the central cone vicinity, craters or dikes corresponding to the compressive axis of the regional stress field are dominant, whereas the fault systems with the best orientation to the regional stress field develop around the central cone. Cluster B1 can be explained by the northwest–southeast alignment of micro cracks or dikes corresponding to the direction of maximum horizontal pressure of the regional stress field. The others are likely explained by fault fracture zones, which have an optimal orientation for regional stress fields, or by the alignment of micro cracks affected by the local stress field. Cluster B2 suggests the existence of fracture zones of the Tanna and Hirayama fault systems, which cross the Hakone volcano from north to south. Clusters A1 and A2 are possibly explained by the conjugate system of B2. However, the alignment of micro cracks generated by the local stress field or old volcanic structures can also be a cause of the clusters.
Late Holocene Tephrostratigraphy at Chokai Volcano, Northern Japan, and Contribution to Hazard Assessment
Authors: Ohba Tsukasa , Hayashi Shintaro , Ban Masao , Imura Takumi , Minami Yusuke , Endo Masahiro ,   Akita University 1-1 Tegata-gakuen-machi, Akita, Akita 010-8502, Japan,   Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
Published: July 2022

History and pattern of explosive eruptions at Chokai volcano, Japan, in the last 2500 years were investigated from tephra survey and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. The tephrostratigraphy was established based on observations at eight hand-dug trenches and three outcrops. The well-correlated tephra layers were dated at c. 2.5 ka, 2.1–1.9 ka, 1.8 ka, and 1.6 ka, indicating major eruptions occurred at these ages. The tephra from the documented 871 CE eruption was also identified. Componentry analysis of ash was carried out for these five eruption deposits. The changes in tephra facies and ash components within an unbroken series of tephra layers indicate a shift from hydrothermal-dominant phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruption to magma-dominant eruptions in a single episode. Common eruption sequences were identified based on the combination of tephra facies variation and records of witnessed eruptions. Every volcanic activity begins with precursory activity of seismicity, fumaroles, and snow melting for weeks to months, then onset hydrothermal-dominant eruption happens. Then, the eruption evolves to a magma-dominant eruption, or alternatively, the hydrothermal-dominant eruption persistently continues until cessation. The eruption sizes are VEI 2 or more minor. Lahar can occur at any stage of the eruption, resulting in damage to the residential area at the base of the volcano. The eruption patterns and the extent of hazard risks elucidated by this study will be utilized to hazard mitigation plans.
Conduit Flow Dynamics During the 1986 Sub-Plinian Eruption at Izu-Oshima Volcano
Authors: Kozono Tomofumi , Ishibashi Hidemi , Okumura Satoshi , Miwa Takahiro ,   Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Tsukuba, Japan,   Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan,   Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Published: July 2022

We investigated conduit flow dynamics during the 1986 sub-Plinian eruption of Izu-Oshima volcano, Japan, using a 1-D steady conduit flow model. Following observations that the magma plumbing system beneath Izu-Oshima, characterized by the feeding of a dyke, generated a fissure-type sub-Plinian eruption, we considered a dyke-like conduit geometry by applying a pseudo-dyke conduit with an ellipsoidal horizontal cross-section. Under appropriate parameter settings constrained by geological, petrological, and geophysical observations, we identified a conduit geometry that enables steady solutions of a conduit flow that generates the sub-Plinian eruption. A dyke-like conduit geometry allows us to widen the range of geometric parameters of the solution. We found that the distribution of magma overpressure in the conduit strongly depends on conduit geometry. When the conduit geometry is composed of deeper and shallower dykes with large and small aspect ratios, respectively, localized overpressurization occurs in the region before magma fragmentation. This overpressurization in the dyke-like conduit may induce a characteristic crustal deformation similar to that caused by a vertical tensile fault. It is crucial to consider the effects of conduit flow with a dyke-like geometry on deformation for precise monitoring of eruption sequences based on geodetic signals in future eruptions at Izu-Oshima volcano.
Applying the Particle Filter to the Volcanic Ash Tracking PUFF Model for Assimilating Multi-Parameter Radar Observation
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi L. , Nakamichi Haruhisa , Kondo Keiichi , Akami Shoichi , Iguchi Masato ,   Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba  1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan,   Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan,   Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan,   Numerical Prediction Division, Information Infrastructure Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan,   Doctoral Program in Geosciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Published: July 2022

In this study, a new data assimilation method called “particle filter” was applied to the volcanic plume tracking model called PUFF to assimilate the Multi-parameter (MP) radar observations at Sakura-jima volcano. In the particle filter algorithm, the statistical likelihood was computed for each ash particle of the model given the observed MP radar data. Particles with a high likelihood were retained, but particles with a low likelihood were removed from the computation. The removal was followed by resampling of new particles at high-likelihood locations. The results show that the particle filter works properly to generate suitable new particles in the open space between the model and the observed particles. As the plume shape of MP radar observation is an important information source, observed particles were added at the resampling stage of the particle filter. A proper threshold value for removing or retaining the particles was examined using likelihood estimation. In this study, we determined the proper threshold to resample approximately half of the model particles. The results of the analysis show a reasonable mix of observed, predicted, and resampled data at proper locations, filling the open space between the prediction and the observation. It was found that data assimilation using the particle filter is a suitable method for assimilating the MP radar observation to the PUFF model prediction. This study demonstrates that the new PUFF model system, combined with real-time MP radar data using a particle filter, is highly reliable and useful for preventing volcanic hazards around active volcanoes.
Impact on the Electric Infrastructure Due to Volcanic Ash from a Hydrovolcanic Eruption of Aso Volcano in 2016
Authors: Nagai Masashi ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Nakada Setsuya
Published: July 2022

A hydrovolcanic eruption in the early hours of October 8, 2016 triggered a power outage of about 29,000 houses (∼50,000 habitants) in the Aso caldera area, Kyushu, Japan. Although it was recovered naturally by the early morning of that day, the power outage occurred again in the evening following rainfall that began in the afternoon. The power supply in the caldera area had been temporarily maintained despite the heavy landslide damage due to strong earthquakes in April 2016, without the supplemental transmission lines for the normal standard. The power outage is considered to have been due to the insulator flashover in the power substation, Ichinomiya, Aso, around which the mass of volcanic ash was about 3,000 g/m2 or less (≤3 mm thick). This outage resulted from high electric conductivity of the volcanic ash that was wetted with strongly acidic water dammed in the crater before the eruption. This may be one example of the power outage incident due to thin ash fall.
LEYES DE COMUNICACIÓN EN LOS GOBIERNOS DEL GIRO A LA IZQUIERDA: VENEZUELA, ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA Y ECUADOR
Authors:   Universidad de Las Américas, Ulloa César
Published: August 2022

Why were new communication and telecommunications laws enacted in South America in the left-turning governments of Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina in the first two decades of the 21st century? The answer falls within a contextualization of the political, economic, and social moment these countries went through, where the majority of the population simultaneously expressed themselves at the polls in favor of an ideological orientation, turning this circumstance into a new phenomenon in the region. For the purpose at hand, a comparison is drawn between the essential milestones of the process for the approval of such laws in the four cases and the political intentions underlying those regulations, in an interdisciplinary exercise involving communication and political science. Here we pose the conjecture that these laws distorted the purpose of democratizing communication, as they were conceived at the beginning, due to a confrontation with the independent media.
PERSONAJES SOCIALES, UNA CLAVE EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE IDENTIDAD COLECTIVA: LA EDAD MEDIA
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, Torrejano Vargas Rodrigo , Bocanegra Acosta Henry
Published: August 2022

This historiographical article identifies and explains some of the social characteristics of the personality and collective identity of certain representative figures of medieval history (villicus, the knight, the courtier, the civil servant, the polygraph and the european witch) from the self-assertion conceptual perspective raised by the German sociologist Norber Elias. A study carried out from the perspective of the combination of methodological collectivism, in which material and cultural conditions are fundamental to contextualize and explain into historical proceses, and methodological individualism, which warns us of the presence and interference of individual episodes in the creation of a process in time and space. These elements allow us to establish that all these social characters were conceived in a rural, peasant and feudal matrix, relatively autarkic, and evolved in the crucible of an urban, mercantile and courtly structure.
Women's Participation in the Health Workforce in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries: Application of a Gender Analysis Framework
Authors: Ayaz Basnama , Hall Linda McGillis , Martmianakis Maria Athina , Muntaner Carles , Burnside Heather , Nelson Sioban
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGender analysis is a process for assessing the impact of several development activities in the healthcare system on individual women, men, and other genders. Several gender analysis frameworks guide to undertake gender analysis in planning, implementing, and evaluating the impact of the various development initiatives, ranging from humanitarian assistance to a broader socio-economic development in the context, including the progress towards gender equality in access to and control over resources, and changes in gender relation. MethodsWe applied a gender analysis framework (GAF) proposed by Morgan and colleagues to the empirical literature on women's participation in the health workforce. The GAF guided analysis of the gendered dynamics among males and females between and within medicine, nursing, and midwifery professionals in the human resources for health (HRH) in fragile and conflict-affected states/countries (FCASs).Results Analysis revealed strong gendered patterns influenced unequal access to resources, division of labor, social norms, ideologies and beliefs, and rules and decision making, which disproportionately affected more women than men in FCASs. Based on the findings, we recommend governments in FCAS offer equal opportunities for both the male and female health workforce to address their practical needs as beneficiaries to improve their living conditions and address strategic needs, particularly empowering women and transforming their position in society. Similarly, gender equality must be considered more centrally in health systems research to reinforce transformative social and political interventions empirically from the conception of the research idea, the participation in the processes as participants and researchers to achieve the intended outcomes. Conclusion The gender analysis framework helped analyze gender power dynamics between males and females in the health workforce in different FCASs that affected women's access to resources, role performance, values, and perspectives, and decision making, which have implications for reinforcing equal opportunities for males and females in the workforce and the health systems research.
Mucins form a nanoscale material barrier against immune cell attack
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Colville Marshall , Shurer Carolyn , Huang Ling-Ting , Kuo Joe , Paek Justin , Goudge Marc , Su Jin , DeLisa Matthew , Lammerding Jan , Zipfel Warren , Fischbach Claudia , Reesink Heidi , Paszek Matthew
Published: August 2022

The cancer cell glycocalyx serves as a major line of defense against immune surveillance. However, how specific physical properties of the glycocalyx are regulated and contribute to immune evasion is not well understood. Here, we uncover how the surface density, glycosylation, and crosslinking of cancer-associated mucins contribute to the nanoscale material thickness of the glycocalyx, and further analyze the effect of the glycocalyx thickness on resistance to effector cell attack. Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity exhibits a near perfect inverse correlation with the glycocalyx thickness of target cells regardless of the specific glycan structures present, with changes in the glycocalyx thickness of approximately 10 nanometers significantly altering susceptibility to NK attack. Equipping the NK cell surface with a mucin-digesting enzyme can improve killing with a performance enhancement that can rival or exceed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Together, our results motivate the development of glycocalyx-editing immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Application of two-component neural network for exchange-correlation functional interpolation
Authors: Ryabov Alexander , Akhatov Iskander , Zhilyaev Petr
Published: August 2022

Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the primary approaches to solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. The essential part of the DFT theory is the exchange-correlation (XC) functional, which can not be obtained in analytical form. Accordingly, the accuracy improvement of the DFT is mainly based on the development of XC functional approximations. Commonly, they are built upon analytic solutions in low-and high-density limits and result from quantum Monte Carlo or post-Hartree-Fock numerical calculations. However, there is no universal functional form to incorporate these data into XC functional. Instead, various parameterizations use heuristic rules to build a specific XC functional. The neural network (NN) approach to interpolate the data from higher precision theories can give a unified path to parametrize an XC functional. Moreover, data from many existing quantum chemical databases could provide the XC functional with improved accuracy. We develop NN XC functional, which gives exchange potential and energy density without direct derivatives of exchange-correlation energy density. Proposed NN architecture consists of two parts NN-E and NN-V, which could be trained in separate ways, adding new flexibility to XC functional. We also show that the developed NN XC functional converges in the self-consistent cycle and gives reasonable energies when applied to atoms, molecules, and crystals.
Research trend analysis of anaerobic fermentation based on the Web of Science database
Authors: Zhang Yuanchun , Wang Xiaona , Zhu Wenbin , Wang Nuohan , Wang Qunhui , Wu Chuanfu , Gao Ming
Published: July 2022

In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the global status and frontier trends of anaerobic-fermentation-related research, bibliometric analysis was used to statistically analyse the relevant research papers included in the SCI-Expanded database from 2001 to 2020 with “anaerobic ferment*” as the search keyword. Amongst the top 10 research institutions, eight were from China and two were from Australia, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranks first in the number of publications. Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology, Energy & Fuels, Engineering and Ecology are the mainstream fields with the largest number of publications on anaerobic fermentation. The analysis of keywords revealed that the development of cheap and easily available raw materials with high organic matter content, the production of clean energy substances and high value-added platform products, and the anaerobic biorefinery processes with co-production of multiple products, will continue to become global research hotspots in future research.
A new damage probability calculation of submunition to target based on intersection volume algorithm
Authors: Peng Weishi , Fang Yangwang
Published: August 2022

Target Damage Effectiveness Evaluation (TDEE) is not only an important guarantee for commanders to make decision-making follow-up actions, effectively control the combat process and optimize the fire attack scheme to the greatest extent, but also an important way to detect target information search, target research and target selection. Damage probability calculation is one of the most important performance index of the TDEE. In this paper, a new damage probability calculation method for submunition to target is proposed based on intersection volume algorithm. Firstly, the intersection between submunition and a target is studied, and the calculation model of target damage probability is given; secondly, a damage probability calculation method was proposed based on intersection volume algorithm. Finally, the correctness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical examples.
A Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 of Cucurbita moschata responds to powdery mildew infection
Authors: Guo Wei-Li , Yang He-Lian , Zhao Jin-Peng , Bian Shi-Jie , Li Qing-Fei , Guo Yan-Yan , Chen Bi-Hua , Li Xin-Zheng
Published: August 2022

Background: Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) productivity is severely hindered by powdery mildew worldwide. The causative agent of pumpkin PM is Podosphaera xanthii, a biotrophic fungus. To identify genes involved in the defense response to PM attack, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of a highly-resistant pumpkin genotype by RNA-sequencing. Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) is among the most abundantly produced proteins in plants responding to pathogen attacks. In this study, we identified and investigated the effects of CmPR1 gene from C. moschata for resistance to powdery mildew. Results: Subcellular localization assay in Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that CmPR1 is a cytoplasmic protein in plants. The expression of CmPR1 gene was strongly induced by P. xanthii and exogenous ethylene, jasmonic acid and NaCl treatments, but repressed by hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid treatments. Visual disease symptoms, histological observations of fungal growth and host cell death, and accumulation of H2O2 in transgenic tobacco plants indicated that CmPR1 overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance to Golovinomyces cichoracearum compared to wild type plants during powdery mildew pathogens infection, possibly due to inducing cell death and H2O2 accumulation near infected sites. The expression of PR1a was significantly induced in transgenic tobacco plants in response to G. cichoracearum, suggesting that CmPR1 overexpression positively modulates the resistance to powdery mildew via the SA signaling pathway. Conclusions: These findings indicate that CmPR1 is a defense response gene in C. moschata and and can be exploited to develop disease-resistant crop varieties.
Comprehensive analysis of laccase gene family in tea plant highlights their roles in development and stress responses
Authors: Zhu Jiaxin , Zhang Hongxiu , Guo Rui , Zhao Jingjuan , Xie Hui , Zhu Junyan , Gu Honglian , Chen Hongrong , Li Guoqiang , Wei Chaoling , Liu Shengrui
Published: August 2022

Background
Laccase (LAC) is the pivotal enzyme responsible for the polymerization of monolignols and stress responses in plants. However, the roles of the LAC gene family in plant development and diverse stresses tolerance are still largely unknown, especially in tea plant (Camellia sinensis), one of the most important economical crops worldwide.
Results
In total, 51 CsLAC genes were identified, which were uneven distributed on different chromosomes and classified into six groups based on phylogenetic analysis. CsLAC gene family had diverse intro-exon patterns and highly conserved motif distribution. Promoter cis-acting elements demonstrated that promoter regions of CsLACs encode various elements associated with light, phytohormone, development and stresses. Collinearity analysis identified some orthologous gene pairs in C. sinensis and many paralogous gene pairs among C. sinensis, Arabidopsis and Populus. Tissue-specific expression profiles revealed that the majority of CsLACs had high expression in root and stem and some members had specific expression patterns in other tissues, and expression patterns of six genes by qRT-PCR were highly consistent with the transcriptome data. Most of CsLACs were involved in abiotic (cold and drought) and biotic stresses (insect and fungus) stresses via transcriptome data. Among them, CsLAC3 was localized in plasma membrane and was involved in response to gray blight treatment by qRT-PCR analysis. We found 12 CsLACs were predicted to be the targets of cs-miR397a, and the expression patterns of ‘cs-miR397a/CsLACs’ were obtained. Additionally, 18 highly polymorphic SSR markers were developed, which can be widely used for diverse genetic researches of tea plant.
Conclusions
Based on a comprehensive analysis, our study provides target genes for regulating the lignin biosynthesis and lays the foundation for understanding the function of CsLACs in tea plant.
Coordinating Resources for a Hybrid Effectiveness and Implementation Trial Across an Integrated Digital Network
Authors: Bosak Kelly , Abusalim Nadeen
Published: August 2022

Background
Technological innovation is revolutionizing the delivery of healthcare. Digital networks provide the infrastructure needed for multi-site interventions but increase the complexity of conducting these interventions. A pre-implementation investigation was conducted of an existing infrastructure, the Greater Plains Collaborative (GPC) an integrated digital network of electronic health record (EHR) systems of 12 leading health centers across 10 states in the Midwest. The purpose was to assess the processes through which effects can be achieved and priorities established to support a subsequent hybrid implementation and effectiveness trial for exercise adherence for adults with heart failure (HF). The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) engage the data coordinators at each site to query their EHR system to estimate the population of HF patients across the network, 2) evaluate the accessibility of the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) in the EHR, and 3) determine if the data requested could be reported in a complete and timely manner.
Methods
This retrospective study used a data query in REDCap distributed to the clinical data coordinators at each GPC network health system. Descriptive analysis was conducted.
Results
The data was collected from January 1, 2019–2021. The total number of adult patients age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with HF (ICD10:I50) who were receiving care at each of the GPC network institutions ranged from just under 500,000 to over 2,500,000. The mean number of adults with HF was 171,715 (range 4,279 − 36,856) across 10 sites. Ten health systems responded within 48 hours to our query. Only two (20%) of 10 sites reported PROMIS measures available in the EHR, six (60%) reported PROMIS measures accessible outside the EHR, and two (20%) were uncertain.
Conclusions
Future trials leveraging the infrastructure and resources of the existing GPC network can be enhanced by early identification of resources needed for knowledge translation. Coordination is essential to improve dissemination and implementation, and ultimately, to enhance adoption of guideline-directed exercise recommendations for adults with heart failure (HF) to realize the benefits. Establishing a clinical coordinating center and applying principles of program management is needed.
Adverse Effects of Tamoxifen Treatment on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Cha Chihwan , Hong Hanpyo , Choi Yun Young , Chung Min Sung
Published: August 2022

The effects of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal patients with breast cancer remains uncertain and, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess this in premenopausal women with primary breast cancer. Through April 2020, studies reporting BMD changes of lumbar spine or hip in premenopausal women with primary breast cancer treated with adjuvant tamoxifen and tamoxifen plus chemotherapy or ovarian function suppression (OFS) were collected from EMBASE and PubMed. The pooled analysis was performed using random effects model of the standardized mean difference (SMD) of BMD in patients. A total of 1,432 premenopausal patients from eight studies were included. After a 3-year median follow-up, adjuvant tamoxifen decreased the lumbar spinal and hip BMD by as much as an SMD of -1.17 and − 0.66, respectively. Compared with patients who received tamoxifen alone, patients who received combination therapy with chemotherapy or OFS showed lower bone loss compared with tamoxifen alone at the lumbar spine. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients caused bone loss after 3 years of follow-up, especially at the lumbar spines. For a definite evaluation of the adverse effects of tamoxifen on bone, it is necessary to accumulate more relevant studies.
Sub-THz wireless transmission based on graphene integrated optoelectronic mixer
Authors: Montanaro Alberto , Piccinini Giulia , Mišeikis Vaidotas , Sorianello Vito , Giambra Marco Angelo , Soresi Stefano , Giorgi Luca , D'Errico Antonio , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Pezzini Sergio , Coletti Camilla , Romagnoli Marco
Published: August 2022

Optoelectronics is a valuable solution to scale up wireless links frequency to sub-THz in the next generation antenna systems and networks. We propose an innovative, low-power consumption, small footprint building block for 5G and 6G new radio wireless transmission allowing broadband capacity (e.g., 10–100 Gb/s per link and beyond). We pioneer the first wireless datalink based on graphene, reaching setup limited sub-THz carrier frequency and multi-Gbit/s data rate using a graphene-based integrated optoelectronic mixer capable of mixing an optically generated ~ 100 GHz reference oscillator with a baseband electrical signal. We report > 96GHz optoelectronic bandwidth and − 44 dB upconversion efficiency with a footprint significantly smaller than those of state-of-the-art photonic transmitters (i.e., < 0.1 mm2). This paves the way to the development of novel arrayed-antennas for millimeter-wave technology relying on a new approach which takes advantage of optics. These results have been achieved thanks to an integrated-photonic technology based on wafer-scale high-mobility graphene.
Evaluation of intrafractional prostate displacement during prostate radiotherapy using Clarity ultrasound system
Authors: Zahir Nur Syazana Mohd , Saad Marniza , Alip Adlinda , Rejab Munira , Jamalludin Zulaikha , Hizam Nur Diyana Afrina , Liew Yih Miin , Ung Ngie Min
Published: August 2022

Clarity ultrasound (US) is an image-guided radiotherapy system used for tracking intrafraction prostate displacements in real time. The objectives of this study are to evaluate intrafraction prostate displacements and derive planning target volume (PTV) margins for prostate radiotherapy at our institution. The ultrasound (US) data of nine prostate cancer patients referred for VMAT radiotherapy was retrieved. Prior to beam on, patient position was set up with the US probe positioned transperineally with the aid of reference images (fused US and computed tomography images). In each fraction, prostate displacements in three directions [superior/inferior (SI), left/right (LR) and anterior/posterior (AP)] were recorded. PTV margins were determined using Van Herk’s formula. To assess the prostate displacement time trend, continuous displacement data were plotted in 30-second intervals for eight minutes. The intrafraction prostate monitoring found a population mean setup error (Mp) of 0.8, 0.1, -1.7 mm, a systematic error of (∑p) 0.7, 0.4, 0.9 mm and random error (σp) of 0.2, 0.1, 0.3 mm in SI, LR and AP directions, respectively. The PTV margin was found to be the largest in the AP direction at 2.5 mm compared with 1.9 mm and 1.1 mm for SI and LR directions, respectively. The PTV margin allowed for prostate radiotherapy at our institution was 2.5 mm in all directions. The prostate displacement time trend showed an increase in intrafraction displacements. Clarity is feasible for monitoring intrafraction displacement of the prostate and may facilitate PTV margin generation to account for such displacements during radiotherapy.
Skewed X-chromosome inactivation in women with idiopathic intellectual disability as indicative of pathogenic variants
Authors: Chaves Luiza D. , Carvalho Laura M. L. , Tolezano Giovanna C. , Pires Sara F. , Costa Silvia S. , Scliar Marília de O. , Giuliani Liane de R. , Bertola Debora R. , Santos-Rebouças Cintia B. , Seo Go Hun , Otto Paulo A. , Rosenberg Carla , Vianna-Morgante Angela M. , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino
Published: August 2022

Intellectual disability (ID) is an early onset impairment in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Extreme deviations of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) can be related to ID phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in the X-chromosome. We analyzed the blood pattern of XCI in 194 women with idiopathic ID, using the androgen receptor gene (AR) methylation assay. Among the 136 patients who were informative, 11 patients (8%) presented with extreme or total XCI deviation (≥90%), which was significantly higher than the deviation expected by chance. Whole-exome data obtained from these 11 patients revealed the presence of dominant pathogenic variants in eight of them, all sporadic cases, resulting in a molecular diagnosis rate of 73%. All variants were mapped to ID-related genes with dominant phenotypes: four variants in the X-linked genes DDX3X (two patients), WDR45 and PDHA1), of which one is an XCI escape gene (DDX3X), and four variants in autosomal genes (KCNB1, CTNNB1, YY1, ANKRD11). Three of the autosomal genes had no obvious correlation with the observed XCI skewing. However, YY1 is a known transcriptional repressor that acts in the binding of the XIST long noncoding RNA on the inactive X chromosome, providing a mechanistic link between the pathogenic variant and the detected skewed XCI in the carrier. These data confirm that extreme XCI skewing in females with ID is highly indicative of causative X-linked pathogenic variants and point to the possibility of identifying causative variants in autosomal genes with a role in XCI.
Antigen evolution from D614, to G614, to Delta, and to Omicron subtype of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zuo Peijun , Zuo Longlong , Li Zhihong , Liu Chunlai , Li Liping
Published: August 2022

Importance: Since 2019, the antigens from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are keeping in evolution from initial D614, to G614, to Delta, and to Omicron. The reasons of why the D614 subtype of SARS-CoV-2 was mutated to G614 first, to Delta second, and to Omicron third, are very importance in public health.Objective: To determine if the “roughness” of the antigens is difference among the candidates leading to mutated to G614, Delta, and Omicron sub-type of SARS-CoV-2. The hypothesis is that, the “roughest” antigen mutated first, the least “rough” antigen mutated last.Design: Survey the amino acids sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2022.Setting: Data from NCBI.Participants: One D614 protein sequence and 3 G614 sequences were selected from NCBI data base. Seven peptides from SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Our findings suggest that the order of the evolution of antigens were from D614G, that we refer to as “rough” status, to Delta, which we refer to as “precise” status, and to Omicron, that we refer to as the “most precise” status. In this paper, we would like to show initial data of how the antigens from the initial D614 strain evolved to G614, to Delta, then to the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. This finding could help with the development of reagents for detecting both D614G, Delta, and Omicron antigens, or even to help with the development of vaccines against mutated SARS-CoV-2 or to help to control covid-19 pandemic. Antigen for the D614G, Delta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 can be designed in silicon, developed in a laboratory, and then confirmed in animal models.
Constant ductility inelastic displacement ratio spectra of shape memory alloy-friction self-centering structures based on a hybrid model
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Shen Hu , Wang Qinting
Published: August 2022

Previous researches on the constant ductility inelastic displacement ratio spectra (\({C}_{{\mu }}\)) of self-centering structures have been conducted based on the typical flag-shaped self-centering (FS) model. However, the arising shape-memory-alloy-friction self-centering structures (SMAFSs) own their specialized force-displacement relationship different from the typical FS model. In this research, a hybrid force-displacement model composed of the typical FS model and Coulomb friction model is employed and an efficient calculating procedure is proposed to statistically investigate the \({C}_{{\mu }}\) of SMAFSs. Comparison with the \({C}_{{\mu }}\)of the typical FS system with similar self-centering capacity shows that the \({C}_{{\mu }}\)of the SMAFS is significantly different from that of the typical FS system, which explains the necessity of employing the hybrid model for SMAFSs and the effects of the friction. The effects of seismic parameters and structural parameters on the \({C}_{{\mu }}\) of SMAFSs are investigated. Furthermore, the formula for estimating the \({C}_{{\mu }}\) of SMAFSs is proposed through statistical regression. This proposed formula could estimate the \({C}_{{\mu }}\) of SMAFSs and describe the effects of structural parameters more accurately. The research could provide a basis of estimating the \({C}_{{\mu }}\) of SMAFSs to obtain reliable seismic design results of the structures.
Diagnostic value of whole-body phase angle and MNA-SF among the elderly with different phases of sarcopenia in community
Authors: ZHU Xiaoli , DONG Xinying , WANG Li , Lao Xueting , Li Shugang , Wu Hao
Published: August 2022

Objective To compare the diagnostic effects of PhA and MNA-SF in the different stages of sarcopenia, and to analyze the diagnostic value of the combined detection of PhA and MNA-SF for different stages of sarcopenia among the elderly community. Methods The elderly aged 65 and above were enlisted during community outpatient service and their nutritional status was evaluated by MNA-SF scale. The composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to test PhA for identifying the diagnostic value of PhA and MNA-SF in different stages of sarcopenia among the elderly community and to analyze the diagnostic effect of combined detection of PhA and MNA-SF. Results The AUC of PhA in the diagnosis of possible sarcopenia was 0.639, the sensitivity was 58.10%, the specificity was 66.67%, and the cut-off value was 4.5. The AUC of combined detection of PhA and MNA-SF for possible sarcopenia was 0.641, the sensitivity was 57.14%, and the specificity was 70.00%. The AUC of MNA-SF for the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia was 0.805, the sensitivity was 66.67%, the specificity was 85.83%, and the cut-off value was 12. The AUC of combined detection of PhA and MNA-SF was 0.826, the sensitivity was 75.00%, and the specificity was 85.00%. PhA and MNA-SF all had the diagnostic value for sarcopenia, the AUC was 0.862,0.734, the sensitivity was 66.67% and 78.79%, the specificity was 92.50% and 65.00%, the cut-off value was 4.1 and 13. The AUC of combined detection of PhA and MNA-SF for sarcopenia was 0.879, the sensitivity was 81.82% and the specificity was 82.50%. Conclusion The value of PhA alone or combined detection was higher than that of MNA-SF in the diagnosis of possible sarcopenia, the value of MNA-SF alone or combined detection was higher than that of PhA in the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia. Compared to MNA-SF, the PhA had a higher value in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, which provides references for identifying patients with different stages of sarcopenia in the community.
Variations of the surface characteristics of Ryugu returned samples
Authors: NAKATO Aiko , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Yogata Kasumi , Miyazaki Akiko , Nagashima Kana , Hatakeda Kentaro , Kumagai Kazuya , Hitomi Yuya , Soejima Hiromichi , Bibring Jean-Pierre , Pilorget Cedric , Hamm Vincent , Brunetto Rosario , Riu Lucie , Lourit Lionel , Loizeau Damien , Pivert-Jolivet Tania Le , Lequertier Guillaume , Moussi-Soffys Aurelie , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Nakazawa Satoru , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Yoshikawa Makoto , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: August 2022

Hayabusa2 spacecraft successfully collected rock samples through two touchdowns from the surface of C-type near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu and brought them back to Earth in 2020. At the Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center in JAXA, we performed initial description to all samples to obtain the fundamental information and prepare the database for sample allocation. We propose morphological classifications for the returned samples based on the initial description of 205 grains described in the first 6 months. The returned samples can be distinguished by four morphological characteristics: dark, glossy, bright, and white. According to coordinated study of initial description and detailed investigation by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis in this study, these features reflect the differences in the degree of space weathering and mineral assemblages. The degree of space weathering of the four studied grains is heterogeneous: weak for A0042 (dark group) and C0041 (white group); moderate for C0094 (glossy); and severe for A0017 (bright). The white phase in a grain belonging to white group is identified as large carbonate minerals. This is the first effort to classify Ryugu returned samples. Based on these results, researchers can estimate sample characteristics only from the information on the JAXA curation public database. It could be an important reference for sample selection for further investigation.
A Persistent Cyclical Pattern in the Soi and Eqsoi Series
Authors: Gil-Alana Luis Alberiko , Romero-Rojo Maria Fatima
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the analysis of the SOI and EQSOI series and their statistical properties, focussing in particular in their cyclical pattern and its persistence across time. For this purpose, we use a long memory model that is characterized because the spectral density function is unbounded at a frequency away from zero. Our results indicate that the two series display a long memory pattern, with the order of integration in the interval (0, 0.5) and the length of the cycles ranging between three and four years.JEL Classification: C00; C02; C22; Q54;