bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Subfornical Organ is the Primary Locus of Sodium-Level Sensing by NaxSodium Channels for the Control of Salt-Intake Behavior
Authors: Hiyama Takeshi Y. , Watanabe Eiji , Okado Haruo , Noda Masaharu
Published: October 2004

Dehydration causes an increase in the sodium (Na) concentration and osmolarity of body fluid. For Na homeostasis of the body, controls of Na and water intake and excretion are of prime importance. However, the system for sensing the Na level within the brain that is responsible for the control of Na- and water-intake behavior remains to be elucidated. We reported previously that the Naxchannel is preferentially expressed in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) in the brain and thatNaxknock-out mice ingest saline in excess under dehydrated conditions. Subsequently, we demonstrated that Naxis a Na-level-sensitive Na channel. Here we show that the subfornical organ (SFO) is the principal site for the control of salt-intake behavior, where the Naxchannel is the Na-level sensor. Infusion of a hypertonic Na solution into the cerebral ventricle induced extensive water intake and aversion to saline in wild-type animals but not in the knock-out mice. Importantly, the aversion to salt was not induced by the infusion of a hyperosmotic mannitol solution with physiological Na concentration in either genotype of mice. When NaxcDNA was introduced into the brain of the knock-out mice with an adenoviral expression vector, only animals that received a transduction of the Naxgene into the SFO among the CVOs recovered salt-avoiding behavior under dehydrated conditions. These results clearly show that the SFO is the center of the control of salt-intake behavior in the brain, where the Na-level-sensitive Naxchannel is involved in sensing the physiological increase in the Na level of body fluids.
Characterization of Fear Memory Reconsolidation
Authors: Duvarci Sevil , Nader Karim
Published: October 2004

Reactivation of consolidated memories returns them to a protein synthesis-dependent state. One interpretation of these findings is that the memory reconsolidates after use. Two alternative interpretations are that protein synthesis inhibition facilitates extinction and that postreactivation protein synthesis inhibition leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory. First, using two different approaches, we report that reconsolidation cannot be reduced down to facilitated extinction. We show that the reconsolidation deficit does not show renewal after a contextual shift, whereas an extinguished auditory fear memory does under the same conditions and the deficit occurs regardless of whether the memory is reactivated with an extinction [conditioned stimulus (CS) alone] or a reinforced trial (CS-unconditioned stimulus). To address the issue of whether postreactivation anisomycin leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory, we used two traditional assays for retrieval deficits. First, we demonstrate that the amnesia induced by blockade of reconsolidation does not show any spontaneous recovery. Second, we show that application of reminder shock does not result in the reinstatement of the memory. These findings support the idea that reactivation of consolidated memories initiates a second time-dependent memory formation process.
Early and Progressive Sensorimotor Anomalies in Mice Overexpressing Wild-Type Human α-Synuclein
Authors: Fleming Sheila M. , Salcedo Jonathan , Fernagut Pierre-Olivier , Rockenstein Edward , Masliah Eliezer , Levine Michael S. , Chesselet Marie-Françoise
Published: October 2004

Accumulation of α-synuclein in brain is a hallmark of synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative diseases that include Parkinson's disease. Mice overexpressing α-synuclein under the Thy-1 promoter (ASO) show abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, including the substantia nigra. We examined the motor deficits in ASO mice with a battery of sensorimotor tests that are sensitive to alterations in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Male wild-type and ASO mice were tested every 2 months for 8 months for motor performance and coordination on a challenging beam, inverted grid, and pole, sensorimotor deficits in an adhesive removal test, spontaneous activity in a cylinder, and gait. Fine motor skills were assessed by the ability to grasp cotton from a bin. ASO mice displayed significant impairments in motor performance and coordination and a reduction in spontaneous activity as early as 2 months of age. Motor performance and coordination impairments became progressively worse with age and sensorimotor deficits appeared at 6 months. Fine motor skills were altered at 4 months and worsened at 8 months. These data indicate that overexpression of α-synuclein induced an early and progressive behavioral phenotype that can be detected in multiple tests of sensorimotor function. These behavioral deficits provide a useful way to assess novel drug therapy in genetic models of synucleinopathies.
A Functional Role of Postsynaptic Density-95-Guanylate Kinase-Associated Protein Complex in Regulating Shank Assembly and Stability to Synapses
Authors: Romorini Stefano , Piccoli Giovanni , Jiang Ming , Grossano Pasquale , Tonna Noemi , Passafaro Maria , Zhang Mingjie , Sala Carlo
Published: October 2004

Postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins include scaffold, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins that structurally and functionally interact with glutamate receptors and other postsynaptic membrane proteins. The molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly of PSD proteins and their associations with synapses are still widely unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of Shank1 targeting and synapse assembly by looking at the function of guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP) and PSD-95 interactions. Shank1 when it is not associated to GKAP, which binds to the Shank PSD-95-Discs Large-zona occludens-1 domain, forms filamentous and fusiform structures in which the Src homology 3 domain specifically interacts with the ankyrin repeat domain, thus allowing its multimerization via a novel form of intermolecular interaction. Surprisingly, in both COS-7 cells and hippocampal neurons, GKAP forms insoluble aggregates with Shank that colocalize with heat shock protein 70 and neurofilaments, two markers of the aggresomes in which misfolded proteins accumulate. However, the two proteins are organized in clusters in COS cells and synaptic clusters in neurons when both are overexpressed and associated with wild-type PSD-95, but not with palmitoylation-deficient PSD-95. Synaptic activity in neurons induces the formation of Shank and GKAP intracellular aggregation and degradation. Similarly, the overexpression of a GKAP mutant that is incapable of binding PSD-95 induces Shank aggregation and degradation in neurons. Our data suggest a possible functional and structural role of the PSD-95-GKAP complex in Shank and PSD protein assembly and stability to synapses.
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Synapse Formation: Figure 1.
Authors: Washbourne Philip , Dityatev Alexander , Scheiffele Peter , Biederer Thomas , Weiner Joshua A. , Christopherson Karen S. , El-Husseini Alaa
Published: October 2004

Neuronal transmission relies on signals transmitted through a vast array of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal synaptic connections. How do axons communicate with dendrites to build synapses, and what molecules regulate this interaction? There is a wealth of evidence suggesting that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) provide much of the information required for synapse formation. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms used by CAMs to regulate presynaptic and postsynaptic differentiation.
Metaplastic Facilitation and Ultrastructural Changes in Synaptic Properties Are Associated with Long-Term Modulation of the Lamprey Locomotor Network
Authors: Bevan Sarah , Parker David
Published: October 2004

The neuropeptide substance P evokes a long-term protein synthesis-dependent increase in the cycle frequency of locomotor network activity in the lamprey. Although cellular and synaptic mechanisms that could induce this effect have been identified, nothing is known of the underlying maintenance mechanisms. These mechanisms have been examined here.

Substance P potentiates low-frequency-evoked EPSPs from excitatory network interneurons. It also converts the depression of the EPSP during spike trains into facilitation, an example of metaplasticity. The metaplasticity was associated with a reduction of the transmitter release probability but an increase in the number of release sites. Although the potentiation of low-frequency-evoked EPSPs recovered within 1 hr, the metaplastic facilitation had not recovered 3-4 hr after substance P application. The metaplasticity thus extended into the protein synthesis-dependent maintenance phase of the network modulation, making it the only identified cellular or synaptic effect of substance P to last this long. It also had the same induction and maintenance features as the network burst frequency modulation, further suggesting that the two effects were related.

Long-term changes in synaptic properties are often associated with changes in synaptic organization. We have thus also examined the effects of substance P on synaptic ultrastructure up to 5 hr after substance P application. Substance P had several significant effects. These included an increase in the number of docked vesicles and a reduction of the synaptic gap.

Substance P thus has long-term effects on synaptic organization and function. The relevance of these effects to the long-term locomotor network modulation is discussed.
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Sperling L. H.
Published: October 2004

An interpenetrating polymer network, IPN, is a combination of two polymers in network form, at least one of which is synthesized and/or cross‐linked in the immediate presence of the other (L. H. Sperling, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1981). An IPN is distinguished from other multipolymer combinations, such as polymer blends, blocks, and grafts, in two ways: (1) an IPN swells, but does not dissolve in solvents; and (2) creep and flow are suppressed.

This article discusses synthesis, morphology, glass transitions, and mechanical behavior of IPNs, and outlines known and proposed applications of these materials. Some applications of note include sound and vibration damping, biomedical applications, natural products and renewable resources, tough and impact‐resistant materials, etc.
Titelbild: Finite, Spherical Coordination Networks that Self‐Organize from 36 Small Components (Angew. Chem. 42/2004)
Authors: Tominaga Masahide , Suzuki Keisuke , Kawano Masaki , Kusukawa Takahiro , Ozeki Tomoji , Sakamoto Shigeru , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Fujita Makoto
Published: October 2004

Molekulare Kugeln sind einfach zugänglich. Das Titelbild zeigt die Struktur eines kugelförmigen Komplexes, der spontan aus 36 kleinen Komponenten entsteht (12 Pd2+‐Ionen und 24 gebogenen Liganden). In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 5739 ff. stellen M. Fujita et al. diesen Komplex mit einem fast 4 nm großen Hohlraum vor, der in polaren Medien löslich und unter STM‐ und CSI‐MS‐Bedingungen stabil ist, und schildern die Funktionalisierung seiner Peripherie mit Fullerenen oder Porphyrinen. (Das Bild wurde von Dr. Akiko Hori gestaltet.)
Cover Picture: Finite, Spherical Coordination Networks that Self‐Organize from 36 Small Components (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42/2004)
Authors: Tominaga Masahide , Suzuki Keisuke , Kawano Masaki , Kusukawa Takahiro , Ozeki Tomoji , Sakamoto Shigeru , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Fujita Makoto
Published: October 2004

Molecular spheres can be readily formed. The cover picture shows the crystal structure of a spherical complex that spontaneously forms from 36 small components (12 Pd2+ ions and 24 bent ligands). In their Communication on page 5621 ff., M. Fujita and co‐workers describe the self‐assembly of this almost 4‐nm diameter hollow complex which is soluble in polar media and stable under STM and CSI‐MS conditions. The functionalization of its periphery with fullerenes or porphyrins is also described. (The graphics were prepared by Dr. Akito Hori.)
Why do nitrogenases waste electrons by evolving dihydrogen?
Authors: Ogo Seiji , Kure Bunsho , Nakai Hidetaka , Watanabe Yoshihito , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: October 2004

In nature, nitrogen is commonly fixed as the most reduced form, ammonia (NH3) and as the most oxidized form, i.e. nitrate ion (NO3−). Nitrogenases catalyze the reduction of N2 into NH3 by using protons and electrons with evolution of H2. However, the reason why the enzymes waste electrons by evolving H2 has yet to be clarified. We have previously reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002; 124: 597) pH‐dependent heterolytic cleavage of H2 and subsequent reduction of NO3− with evolution of H2 by iridium complexes in water. We propose herein a catalytic mechanism of nitrogenases, which can account for evolution of H2 in the reduction of N2 to NH3 in relation to a mechanism of the reduction of NO3−. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioequivalence evaluation of two brands of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 250/125 mg combination tablets in healthy human volunteers: Use of replicate design approach
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir M. , Al‐Ghazawi Ahmad , Najib Naji M.
Published: October 2004

The purpose of this study was to apply a replicate design approach to a bioequivalence study of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination following a 250/125 mg oral dose to 23 subjects, and to compare the analysis of individual bioequivalence with average bioequivalence. This was conducted as a 2‐treatment 2‐sequence 4‐period crossover study. Average bioequivalence was shown, while the results from the individual bioequivalence approach had no success in showing bioequivalence. In conclusion, the individual bioequivalence approach is a strong statistical tool to test for intra‐subject variances and also subject‐by‐formulation interaction variance compared with the average bioequivalence approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular modeling of green fluorescent protein: Structural effects of chromophore deprotonation
Authors: Patnaik Soumya S. , Trohalaki Steven , Pachter Ruth
Published: October 2004

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to study the conformational rearrangement induced by deprotonation of the fluorescent chromophore in GFP, as well as the associated changes in the hydrogen‐bonding network. For both the structures with either a neutral or an anionic chromophore, it was found that the β‐barrel was stable and rigid, and the conformation of the chromophore was consistent with the available x‐ray structure. The conformational change in Thr203 due to deprotonation was also found to be consistent with the three‐state isomerization model. Although GFP is highly fluorescent, denatured‐GFP is nonfluorescent, indicating that the environment of the protein plays an important role in its fluorescence behavior. Our MD simulations, which explore the effect of the protein shell on the conformation of the chromophore, find the flexibility of the central chromophore to be significantly restricted due to the rigid nature of the protein shell. The hydrogen‐bonding between the chromophore and neighboring residues was also shown to contribute to the chromophore rigidity. In addition to the MD studies, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) ONIOM calculations were carried out to investigate the effect of the β‐barrel on the internal rotation in the chromophore. Along with providing quantitative values for torsional rotation barriers about the bridging bond in the chromophore, the ONIOM calculations also validate our MD force field parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Prevalence of accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle and its relation to anterior interosseous nerve in Thai population
Authors: Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Surin Patcharin , Ongkana Nutcharin , Sethadavit Manussabhorn , Vaidhayakarn Pidhyasak
Published: October 2004

A detailed description of the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle (AHFPL) in the Thai population has not been reported. Because it is one of the causes of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS), a study was carried out on 120 Thai cadavers (70 embalmed, 50 fresh; 78 male, 42 female) to elucidate the prevalence of AHFPL, its morphology and relationship with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN). The prevalence of AHFPL was 62.1% (149/240) with 74.5% (111/149) of its origin on medial epicondyle, 23.5% (35/149) on coronoid process and 2% (3/149) on flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. One hundred percent of its insertion was on the ulnar border of flexor pollicis longus tendon, and it was 98% (146/149) fusiform‐shaped and 2% (3/149) slender shaped, with a diameter between 0.8–16.0 mm (average 6.7 mm), averaging 6.5 mm on the right and 4.2 mm on the left. The right was significantly statistically larger than the left (P < 0.05). The average distance from the mid‐point of the distal wrist crease to the insertion point of AHFPL was 12.8 cm. Four patterns of relationship with AIN were noted including: 1) I AIN passed anterior to AHFPL, 13.4% (20/149); 2) AIN passed lateral to AHFPL, 65.8% (98/149); 3) AIN passed posterior to AHFPL, 8.1% (12/149); and 4) AIN passed both lateral and posterior to AHFPL, 12.8% (19/149). We believe that the latter two patterns (3 and 4) with AIN passing posteriorly would be more likely to be associated with AINS due to anatomic considerations. Clin. Anat. 17:631–635, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is torus palatinus a feature of a well‐developed maxilla?
Authors: Çagirankaya Leyla Berna , Kansu Özden , Hatipoglu Müjgan Güngör
Published: October 2004

Torus palatinus (TP) is an exostosis of the hard palate. The biologic significance of TP is unknown. Our hypothesis was that the presence of a TP reflects the development of the maxilla. It has been proven that tooth agenesis is associated with small maxillary size. We investigated whether there is a relationship between maxillary third molar agenesis and the presence or absence of TP. The study was carried out on 253 Turkish patients. It showed a lower prevalence of third molar agenesis in female subjects with TP (P < 0.001). This study provides indirect evidence that development of the maxilla may be greater in female subjects with TP. Clin. Anat. 17:623–625, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudes of Turkish anatomists toward cadaver donation
Authors: Şehi̇rli̇ Ümi̇t S. , Saka Erdi̇nç , Sarikaya Özlem
Published: October 2004

There is an insufficient number of cadavers in anatomy education in Turkey. This is because of decreased number of unclaimed bodies and very few cadaver donations. Increasing the number of cadaver donation is one of the probable solutions. Although anatomists encourage people to donate bodies, the attitudes of anatomists toward donating their own bodies for dissection is not well known. In this study, the attitudes of Turkish anatomists toward cadaver donation were evaluated. The questionnaires were sent to the anatomists in Turkey by mail and E‐mail. Eighty‐three anatomists replied to the questionnaire. The main solutions proposed for cadaver insufficiency included increasing the supply of unclaimed bodies (77.1%) and increasing body donation (78.3%). Further, 51.8% of the respondents thought that increasing body donation was a long‐term solution. The general belief (83.1%) was that a campaign would help to increase body donation and 47% of respondents were willing to participate in such a campaign. Of the 83 anatomists, 20.5% of the respondents donated their organs and 49.4% were planning to donate them. Further, 15.7% were planning to donate their bodies; however, 63.9% did not consider donating. The main reasons of the respondents to object the donation were: to be dissected by a colleague (15.7%), the unacceptability of donation by family (26.5%), psychological reasons (43.4%), the anxiety of disrespectful behavior to cadavers (26.5%), and religious beliefs (3.6%). Although the majority of the respondents objected to donating their bodies due to psychological reasons, body donation was proposed as the main solution of cadaver insufficiency. Clin. Anat. 17:677–681, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Columbite‐Type FexMn1‐xNb2O6 Solid Solution: Structural and Magnetic Characterization.
Authors: Tealdi Cristina , Mozzati Maria Cristina , Malavasi Lorenzo , Ciabattoni Tiziana , Amantea Roberta , Azzoni Carlo B.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of (Ph4P)2 [Be4Cl4(μ‐N3)6].
Authors: Neumueller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structures of Yb4Rh7Ge6 and Yb4Ir7Ge6.
Authors: Heying Birgit , Katoh Kenichi , Niide Yuzuru , Ochiai Akira , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Origin of Superhardness in Icosahedral B12 Materials.
Authors: Gao Faming , Hou Li , He Yunhua
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diffusion Couple Studies of the Ti—Bi—Zn System.
Authors: Vassilev G. P.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermodynamic Description of the Cu—O System
Authors: Clavaguera‐Mora M. T. , Touron J. L. , Rodriguez‐Viejo J. , Clavaguera N.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Car Exhaust Catalysis from First Principles: Selective NO Reduction under Excess O2 Conditions on Ir.
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Pan , Jenkins Stephen J. , King David A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
YIHn: A New Family of Metal‐Rich Hydride Halides.
Authors: Ryazanov Mikhail , Simon Arndt , Mattausch Hansjuergen
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridium Complex Catalyzed Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Teraryl Compounds.
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Fujimoto Takayoshi , Yokota Kazuhisa , Takagi Kentaro
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of New Camphor‐Based N,S Chiral Ligands and Their Application in Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Gayet Arnaud , Bolea Christelle , Andersson Pher G.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supported Ionic Liquid Asymmetric Catalysis. A New Method for Chiral Catalysts Recycling. The Case of Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Gruttadauria Michelangelo , Riela Serena , Meo Paolo Lo , D'Anna Francesca , Noto Renato
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Hydroxymethylation of Ketones and Aldehydes.
Authors: Casas Jesus , Sunden Henrik , Cordova Armando
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Enantioselective Allylboration of Ketones.
Authors: Wada Reiko , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SmI3 Mediated Regiospecific Michael Addition of ω‐Bromo‐acetophenone to α,β‐Unsaturated Alkynones.
Authors: Zheng Xingliang , Zhang Yongmin
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Indanones via Intramolecular Heck Reaction of Baylis—Hillman Adducts of 2‐Iodobenzaldehyde.
Authors: Park Jeong Beom , Ko Seung Ho , Hong Wan Pyo , Lee Kee‐Jung
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Scope and Limitations of the Thionium Ion‐Initiated Prins—Pinacol Synthesis of Carbocycles.
Authors: Burke Brenda J. , Lebsack Alec D. , Overman Larry E.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acid‐Catalyzed Condensation of 1,3,5‐Triphenylpentane‐1,5‐dione with Benzaldehyde — A New Domino Reaction.
Authors: Bagrina N. P. , Vysotskii V. I. , Sergeeva S. A. , Denisenko V. A. , Gerasimenko A. V.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Double‐ and Triple‐Consecutive O‐Insertion into tert‐Butyl and Triarylmethyl Structures.
Authors: Krasutsky Pavel A. , Kolomitsyn Igor V. , Krasutsky Sergiy G. , Kiprof Paul
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with NHPI/CAN Catalytic System.
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Rajagopal Gurusamy
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sodium Chlorite as an Efficient Oxidant and Hydroxy Ion Pump in Osmium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation.
Authors: Junttila Mikko H. , Hormi Osmo E. O.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mild Ring Opening Fluorination of Epoxide with Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazorium Oligo Hydrogenfluoride (EMIMF(HF)2.3).
Authors: Yoshino Hideaki , Nomura Kenichi , Matsubara Seijiro , Oshima Koichiro , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika , Ito Yasuhiko
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Addition of 2‐Diazo(fluoroalkyl)acetoacetates to Sulfides: A Simple Synthesis of Stable Sulfonium Ylides.
Authors: Zhu Shizheng , Zhu Shifa , Liao Yuanxi
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Hydroamination of Alkynes and Norbornene with Neutral and Cationic Tantalum Imido Complexes.
Authors: Anderson Laura L. , Arnold John , Bergman Robert G.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct Aminoalkylation of α‐Branched Aldehydes with in situ Generated Glycine Cation Equivalents.
Authors: Piper Stefan , Risch Nikolaus
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of the Cyanofluoromethylated Ketones: Michael Reaction of the Cyanofluoromethyl Anion Species to Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Yokoyama Yasuo , Ohira Rikiya , Tanaka Hiroaki , Suzuki Shoko , Kajitani Masatsugu
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Nonstabilized Ketone Enolates.
Authors: Burger Erin C. , Tunge Jon A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Their Detetrahydropyranylation Using Silicasulfuric Acid as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Pore D. M. , Desai Uday V. , Mane R. B. , Wadgaonkar P. P.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Synthesis of α‐Branched Enones.
Authors: Kummer David A. , Brenneman Jehrod B. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of a Nitrogen Analogue of Dialkyl Tartrate by Direct Mannich Reaction under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Kameda Minoru , Fujii Jun‐ichi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Epoxide‐Opening Reaction of γ,δ‐Epoxy‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters with Boric Acid Leading to γ,δ‐Diol Derivatives with Double Inversion of Configuration.
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Qiang , Hirai Atsushi , Miyashita Masaaki
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Stereodivergent Asymmetric Approach to Difluorinated Aldonic Acids.
Authors: Audouard Christophe , Barsukov Igor , Fawcett John , Griffith Gerry A. , Percy Jonathan M. , Pintat Stephane , Smith Clive A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Knoevenagel‐Type Reaction via Titanium Enolate Derived from Ti(O‐i‐Pr)4 and Diketene.
Authors: Hayashi Masahiko , Nakamura Norihiro , Yamashita Kohei
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Michael Reaction of Aldehydes.
Authors: Hechavarria Fonseca M. T. , List Benjamin
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[4 + 2] Cyclohexane Ring Formation by a Tandem of a Free Radical Alkylation of a Non‐Activated δ‐Carbon Atom and Intramolecular Carbanion Cycloalkylation.
Authors: Petrovic Goran , Cekovic Zivorad
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Approaches to Physiologically Active Polycyclic Compounds. Part 3. Ritter Reaction with Ketones of the Adamantane and Oxahomoadamantane Series.
Authors: Averina N. V. , Borisova G. S. , Zefirova O. N. , Selyunina E. V. , Zyk N. V. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation of Bromophenyllithium Reagents from Dibromobenzenes and Addition to Carbonyl and Nitrile Electrophiles.
Authors: Caron Stephane , Do Nga M.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Substituted Nitroaromatics Using Novel Water‐Soluble Iron Complex Catalysts.
Authors: Deshpande Raj M. , Mahajan Avinash N. , Diwakar Makarand M. , Ozarde Prakash S. , Chaudhari R. V.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alumina‐Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for the Racemization of Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Kim Won‐Hee , Karvembu Ramasamy , Park Jaiwook
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient and General Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Propionaldehydes Using the Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling.
Authors: Cowden Cameron J. , Hammond Deborah C. , Bishop Brian C. , Brands Karel M. J. , Davies Antony J. , Dolling Ulf‐H. , Brewer Sarah E.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Tetraorganoindates.
Authors: Lee Phil Ho , et al. et al.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Arylacetic Acid Derivatives from Diethyl Malonate Using in situ Formed Palladium(1,3‐dialkylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene) Catalysts.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Yigit Murat , Cetinkaya Engin , Cetinkaya Bekir
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Method for the Preparation of Triarylsulfonium Bromides Using Grignard Reagents and Chlorotrimethylsilane as an Activator.
Authors: Imazeki Shigeaki , Sumino Motoshige , Fukasawa Kazuhito , Ishihara Masami , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of Ureas by Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Salerno Giuseppe , Mancuso Raffaella , Costa Mirco
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium Complex on Polystyrene Resin Surface as Polymer‐Supported Catalyst and Its Application in Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ho , Jun Bong‐Hyun , Byun Jang‐Woong , Lee Yoon‐Sik
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Generation of a Small Library of Highly Electron‐Rich 2‐(Hetero)aryl‐Substituted Phenethylamines by the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction: A Short Synthesis of an Apogalanthamine Analogue.
Authors: Appukkuttan Prasad , Orts Amparo Baiget , Chandran R. Prakash , Goeman Jan L. , Van der Eycken Johan , Dehaen Wim , Van der Eycken Erik
Published: October 2004

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Microwave Assisted Condensation of Aromatic Methyl Groups with Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Reenberg Theis , Bjornholm Thomas , Christensen Jorn B.
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Refunctionalization of Hexahydro‐naphthalenone Systems.
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard W. , Knust Henner
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Methyl 9‐Phenyl‐7H‐benzocycloheptene‐6‐carboxylates from Baylis—Hillman Adducts: Use of Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkenylation Reaction.
Authors: GowriSankar Saravanan , Lee Ka Young , Lee Chang Gon , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: October 2004

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5‐Exo‐dig Radical Cyclization of Enediynes: The First Synthesis of Tin‐Substituted Benzofulvenes.
Authors: Kovalenko Serguei V. , Peabody Scott , Manoharan Mariappan , Clark Ronald J. , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: October 2004

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Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regioselective Carbocyclization Reaction of o‐Iodophenyl Ketones and Aldehydes with Alkynes, Acrylates, and Acrylonitrile: A Facile Route to Indenols and Indenes.
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Jui , Rayabarapu Dinesh Kumar , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Two Novel Anthraquinone Derivatives.
Authors: Sadeghi‐Aliabadi Hojjat , Tabarzadi Maryam , Zarghi Afshin
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Iodides via ICI‐Induced Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Yao Tuanli , Campo Marino A. , Larock Richard C.
Published: October 2004

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Catalytic Aziridination of Olefins and Amidation of Thioanisole by a Non‐Heme Iron Complex.
Authors: Avenier Frederic , Latour Jean‐Marc
Published: October 2004

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General Catalytic Synthesis of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Terminal Aziridines from Racemic Epoxides.
Authors: Kim Sang Kyun , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: October 2004

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Arynes in a Three‐Component Coupling Reaction: Straightforward Synthesis of Benzoannulated Iminofurans.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Ohshita Joji , Kunai Atsutaka
Published: October 2004

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Asymmetric Michael Reaction Involving Chiral Imines/Secondary Enamines: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Tetrahydrothiophen‐3‐ones
Authors: Desmaele Didier , Delarue‐Cochin Sandrine , Cave Christian , d'Angelo Jean , Morgant Georges
Published: October 2004

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Lithiated Benzothiophenes and Benzofurans Require 2‐Silyl Protection to Avoid Anion Migration.
Authors: Hansen Marvin M. , Clayton Marcella T. , Godfrey Alexander G. , Grutsch John L. Jr. , Keast Sandra S. , Kohlman Dan T. , McSpadden Andreea R. , Pedersen Steven W. , Ward Jeffrey A. , Xu Yao‐Chang
Published: October 2004

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Catalytic Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles Utilizing a One‐Pot Sila‐Stetter/Paal—Knorr Strategy.
Authors: Bharadwaj Ashwin R. , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: October 2004

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The Syntheses of 3‐Substituted 4‐(Pyridin‐2‐ylthio)indoles via Leimgruber—Batcho Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Srisook Ekaruth , Chi Dae Yoon
Published: October 2004

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New Spirocyclic Oxindole Synthesis Based on a Hetero Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Mao Zhan , Baldwin Steven W.
Published: October 2004

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Electroorganic Synthesis Using a Fluoride Ion Mediator under Ultrasonic Irradiation. Part 6. Synthesis of Oxindole and 3‐Oxotetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Shen Yi , Atobe Mahito , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: October 2004

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KAl(SO4)2×12H2O as a Recyclable Lewis Acid Catalyst for Synthesis of Some New Oxindoles in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Azizian Javad , Mohammadi Ali A. , Karimi Ali R. , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R.
Published: October 2004

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Combined Directed ortho and Remote Metalation—Cross‐Coupling Strategies. General Method for Benzo[a]carbazoles and the Synthesis of an Unnamed Indolo[2,3‐a]carbazole Alkaloid.
Authors: Cai Xiongwei , Snieckus Victor
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Dichalcogenazoles by the Reaction of 6H‐1,3,5‐oxachalcogenazines with Elemental Chalcogen.
Authors: Rafiqul Islam Md. , Shimada Kazuaki , Aoyagi Shigenobu , Fujisawa Yoriko , Takikawa Yuji
Published: October 2004

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Application of the Palladium‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Hydrazones to Deactivated Heteroaryl Halides in the Synthesis of Pyrazoles.
Authors: Haddad Nizar , Salvagno Annette , Busacca Carl
Published: October 2004

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Reactions of Aliphatic Diazo Compounds. Part 6. Reactions of Diazomethane and Ethyl Diazoacetate with (E)‐2‐Arylmethylene‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐1‐ones.
Authors: Molchanov A. P. , Korotkov V. S. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: October 2004

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2‐Nitroguanidine Derivatives. Part 5. Synthesis and Structure of 3,5‐Bis(nitroamino)‐1,2,4‐triazole Salts. Acid—Base Properties of 3,5‐Bis(nitroamino)‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Authors: Metelkina E. L.
Published: October 2004

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A Facile Synthesis of an Unsymmetric Benzopyranobenzopyran Ring System.
Authors: Kanojia Ramesh M. , Jain Nareshkumar , Xu Jiayi , Sui Zhihua
Published: October 2004

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Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 1,8‐Naphthalide and 1,8‐Naphthalenedimethanol.
Authors: Luo Huan , Zeng Qingle , Liu Zhongrong , Wei Yongzhi , Li Bogang , Wang Fengpeng
Published: October 2004

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Rearrangements of N‐Alkyl‐/Aryl‐nitrones Derived from 4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde — A Solvent‐Dependent Process.
Authors: Ghosh Tarun , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: October 2004

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2‐Aminothiabutadiene as Useful Building Block in the Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiopyrans and 2‐Aminothiophenes.
Authors: Robin Aelig , Meslin Jean‐Claude , Deniaud David
Published: October 2004

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Iodobenzene Diacetate Mediated Solid‐State Synthesis of Heterocyclyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Rao V. S. , Sekhar K. V. G. Chandra
Published: October 2004

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Syntheses and GABA Uptake Properties of 6‐Ether‐ and 6‐Enol Ether‐Substituted Nipecotic Acids.
Authors: N'Goka Victor , Bissantz Caterina , Bisel Philippe , Stenboel Tine B. , Krogsgaard‐Larsen Povl , Schlewer Gilbert
Published: October 2004

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A New Synthesis of Naphthyridinones and Quinolinones: Palladium‐Catalyzed Amidation of o‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Aryl Halides.
Authors: Manley Peter J. , Bilodeau Mark T.
Published: October 2004

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Studies on 3‐Diethylaminocarbonyl‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline Derivatives and Their Calcium Channel Antagonistic Activities in vitro.
Authors: Kismetli Emrah , Safak Cihat , Erol Kevser , Sirmaguel Basar , Linden Anthony
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of a New Diels—Alder Quinone Adduct and Its Use in Preparing Thiazolo‐ and Oxazoloquinolines.
Authors: Hammam A. S. , Youssef M. S. K. , Radwan Sh. M. , Abdel‐Rahman M. A.
Published: October 2004

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An Elegant Synthesis of Quino[2,3‐a]carbazoles and Their Antibacterial Studies.
Authors: Danish I. Antony , Prasad K. J. Rajendra
Published: October 2004

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Condensation of 2‐Pyrone with 3‐Aminopyrazolone. A Novel Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Fadel S. , Hajbi Y. , Rakib E. M. , Khouili M. , Pujol M. D. , Guillaumet G.
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Novel Substituted Tetrazoles Having Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Upadhayaya Ram Shankar , Jain Sanjay , Sinha Neelima , Kishore Nawal , Chandra Ramesh , Arora Sudershan K.
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Chalcones, Pyrazolines, Amino Pyrimidines and Pyrimidinethiones as Antibacterial Agents.
Authors: Solankee Anjani , Patel Jayesh
Published: October 2004

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Heterocyclic Systems Containing Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom: Synthesis and Bioactivity of Thiazolo[3′,2′:2,3]‐as‐triazino[5,6‐b]indoles and Isomeric Thiazolo[2′,3′:3,4]‐as‐triazino[5,6‐b]indoles.
Authors: Mohan Jag
Published: October 2004

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Preparation of 1,5‐Methano‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine via Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Singer Robert A. , McKinley Jason D. , Barbe Guillaume , Farlow Robin A.
Published: October 2004

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Functionalized 2,5‐Disubstituted Benzazepines: Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐5‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine‐2‐carbonitrile and Related Derivatives.
Authors: Cobb Jeff E. , Nanthakumar Suganthini S. , Rutkowske Randy , Uehling David E.
Published: October 2004

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Heterocyclizations of Hydroxyketones with Two‐Coordinated (Trimethylsilylamino)phosphines, (Me3Si)2N—P=E—SiMe3.
Authors: Petrov Petar Y. , Angelov Christo M. , Petrov Galin , Alexiev Alexi , Cavell Ronald G.
Published: October 2004

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Stereospecific Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation by the Reaction of a Chiral Episelenonium Ion with Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Okamoto Kazuki , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Uemura Sakae , Toshimitsu Akio
Published: October 2004

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Terpenoids and Aromatic Compounds from the New Zealand Liverworts Plagiochila, Schistochila, and Heteroscyphus Species.
Authors: Nagashima Fumihiro , Sekiguchi Takashi , Takaoka Shigeru , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: October 2004

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Studies on Phytochemicals. Part 46. New Lathyrane and Podocarpane Diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas.
Authors: Ravindranath Nasi , Reddy Majjigapu Ravinder , Ramesh Chimmani , Ramu Ravirala , Prabhakar Anabathula , Jagadeesh Bharatam , Das Biswanath
Published: October 2004

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Studies on the Constituents of Catalpa Species. Part 9. Iridoids from the Fallen Leaves of Catalpa ovata G. Don.
Authors: Machida Koichi , Hishinuma Erika , Kikuchi Masao
Published: October 2004

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Three New Cycloartane Triterpene Glycosides from Souliea vaginata.
Authors: Zhou Liang , Yang JunShan , Zou JianHua , Tu GuangZhong
Published: October 2004

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Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Ionone Derivatives Using an anti SN2′ Substitution of Functionalized Zinc Organometallics.
Authors: Soorukram Darunee , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2004

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Efficient Synthesis of an Enantiopure Thiasteroid by a Double Heck Reaction.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Luecke Lars P. , Major Felix , Mueller Peter
Published: October 2004

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Total Synthesis of Eurypamides, Marine Cyclic‐Isodityrosines from the Palauan Sponge Microciona eurypa.
Authors: Ito Miyuki , Yamanaka Maki , Kutsumura Noriki , Nishiyama Shigeru
Published: October 2004

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Nitrogen Heterocycles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization. Formal Synthesis of (+)‐α‐Allokainic Acid.
Authors: Cook Gregory R. , Sun Liangdong
Published: October 2004

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Carboxy‐Mediated Stereoselective Reduction of Ketones with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride: Synthesis of Novel 3,4‐Fused Tetrahydropyran and Tetrahydrofuran Prolines.
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tsung , Wong Jesse K. , Tao Meng , Osterman Rebecca , Sannigrahi Mousumi , Girijavallabhan Viyyoor M. , Saksena Anil
Published: October 2004

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C‐Glycosides of 2‐Amino‐2‐deoxy Sugars. β‐C‐Glycosides and 1,1‐Disubstituted Variants.
Authors: Liu Yan , Gallagher Timothy
Published: October 2004

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New Manzamine Alkaloids from an Indo‐Pacific Sponge. Pharmacokinetics, Oral Availability, and the Significant Activity of Several Manzamines Against HIV‐I, AIDS Opportunistic Infections, and Inflammatory Diseases.
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Hammond Nicholas L. , Peng Jiangnan , Wahyuono Subagus , McIntosh Kylie A. , Charman William N. , Mayer Alejandro M. S. , Hamann Mark T.
Published: October 2004

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Two New Spermidine Alkaloids from Chisocheton weinlandii
Authors: Tzouros Manuel , Bigler Laurent , Bienz Stefan , Hesse Manfred , Inada Akira , Murata Hiroko , Inatomi Yuka , Nakanishi Tsutomu , Darnaedi Dedy
Published: October 2004

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New Total Synthesis of Niphatesine C and Norniphatesine C Based on a Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Krauss Juergen , Bracher Franz
Published: October 2004

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The First Synthesis of Dually Modified Southern‐Mimicking Nucleoside: 4′‐Methyl Branched Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Locked Nucleoside.
Authors: Kim Kwan Woo , Hong Joon Hee
Published: October 2004

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N‐ and C‐Acyclic Thionucleoside Analogues of 1,2,3‐Triazole.
Authors: Al‐Masoudi Najim A. , Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Abdul‐Zahra Asmehan
Published: October 2004

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Glochidiolide, Isoglochidiolide, Acuminaminoside, and Glochidacuminosides A—D from the Leaves of Glochidion acuminatum Muell.
Authors: Otsuka Hideaki , Takeda Yoshio , Hirata Eiji , Shinzato Takakazu , Bando Masahiko
Published: October 2004

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Four New Dibenzocyclooctene Lignans from Kadsura renchangiana.
Authors: Chen Min , Liao Zhixin , Chen Daofeng
Published: October 2004

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Versatile Asymmetric Synthesis of the Kavalactones: First Synthesis of (+)‐Kavain.
Authors: Smith Thomas E. , Djang Mabel , Velander Alan J. , Downey C. Wade , Carroll Kathleen A. , van Alphen Sophie
Published: October 2004

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Growth of Single‐Crystalline Cubic GaN Nanotubes with Rectangular Cross‐Sections.
Authors: Hu Junqing , Bando Yoshio , Zhan Jinhua , Xu Fangfang , Sekiguchi Takashi , Golberg Dmitri
Published: October 2004

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Partially Devitrified Metallic Glasses
Authors: Lachowicz H. K. , Zaveta K. , Slawska‐Waniewska A.
Published: October 2004

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Fe—Ni—Pd—S (Iron—Nickel—Palladium—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: October 2004

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Fe—S—Zn (Iron—Sulfur—Zinc)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: October 2004

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Fe—Ni—S (Iron—Nickel—Sulfur)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: October 2004

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High Nuclearity Clusters: Metal‐chalcogenide Polynuclear Complexes
Authors: Degroot M. W. , Corrigan J. F.
Published: October 2004

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High Nuclearity Clusters: Iso and Heteropolyoxoanions and Relatives
Authors: Cronin L.
Published: October 2004

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Nickel
Authors: Meyer F. , Kozlowski H.
Published: October 2004

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Reactivity of Coordinated Oximes
Authors: Pombeiro A. J. L. , Kukushkin V. Yu
Published: October 2004

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The Merger of Natural Product Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry: On the Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Epothilones.
Authors: Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: October 2004

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Rhodium Complexes of Bidentate and Potentially Hemilabile Phosphorus Ligands for Hydroformylation of Styrene at Low Temperature
Authors: Laurent Pascale , Le Bris Nathalie , des Abbayes Herve
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Reactivity of (CF3)2PN3, (CF3)2AsN3, CF3AsClN3 and CF3As(N3)2 Azides
Authors: Ang H. G.
Published: October 2004

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