bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BÖLGESEL BAZDA CARİ AÇIK VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GENÇER İlkay , KELEŞ BOZKURT Burcu , BOZKURT Letifşah , ZEREN Feyyaz
Published: June 2022

Cari açık Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ve dışa bağımlı ülkelerde büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada 2004-2020 dönemi için Türkiye’deki bölgesel bazda cari açık ve ekonomik büyümeyi temsilen kullanılan Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH) arasındaki ilişki panel veri analizi yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre Karadeniz Bölgesi hariç tüm bölgelerde cari açık ve GSYİH’nın uzun dönemde birlikte hareket ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan İç Anadolu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgeleri için GSYİH’dan cari açığa doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik bulgusu tespit edilmiş olup, bundan dolayı söz konusu bölgeler için iktisadi anlamda büyüme sağlandıkça dış borçlanma yoluna gidildiği ve bununda cari açığı tetiklediği yönünde bir yorum yapmak mümkündür. Bununla birlikte Karadeniz ve Marmara bölgeleri içinse cari açıktan GSYİH’ya doğru tek yönlü nedensellik bulgusuna rastlanmıştır. Buna göre Marmara ve Karadeniz bölgeleri için cari açığa bağımlı ekonomik büyümenin söz konusu olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Nihai olarak bölgesel olarak farklı iktisadi yapıların söz konusu olduğu ve bunun da farklı bulgular ortaya çıkardığı anlaşılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, politika yapıcıların bölgesel niteliklere göre karar alması gerektiği yönünde önemli işaretler sunmaktadır.
KPSS İŞLETME ALAN BİLGİSİ TESTİNDE YER ALAN PAZARLAMA BİLİMİ İLE İLİŞKİLİ SORULARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Mehmet Can
Published: June 2022

Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavı (KPSS) 18.03.2002 tarihli ve 3975 Sayılı Bakanlar Kurulu kararı ile yürürlüğe giren ve ilk defa kamu hizmeti ve görevlerine atanacakların seçimi amacıyla oluşturulan, ilk olarak 2002 tarihi itibari ile Türkiye’de uygulanmaya başlanan sınav olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; KPSS içerisinde yer alan pazarlama bilimi ile ilişkili soruların değerlendirilerek, alana ilişkin çıkarımların gerçekleştirilmesidir. Ayrıca, işletme alan puanı hesaplanması sürecinde pazarlama sorularının da etkili olması ile sadece işletme alan mezunlarının değil işletme puan türünde tercih gerçekleştirmek isteyen tüm adaylar açısından değerli bilgiler sunma potansiyeli de taşımaktadır. Betimsel bir tarama modeli olarak doküman analizi yardımı ile 2006-2018 yılları arasındaki Kamu Personeli Seçme Sınavında pazarlama bilimi kapsamında değerlendirilen 101 adet soru incelenmiş olup; çalışma sonucunda; pazarlama bilimi ile ilişkili soruların pazarlama karması, stratejik pazarlama, tüketici davranışları, hizmet pazarlaması, pazarlama kavramı, uluslararası pazarlama, örgütsel pazarlama, pazarlama çevresi, pazarlama araştırmaları, marka yönetimi, pazarlama çeşitleri, pazar ölçümlemesi, e-pazarlama, perakendecilik ve pazarlama bilgi sistemleri konuları içeriğinde oluşturulduğu; sınavlarda yer alan soruların 75’inin, diğer bir anlamda soru toplamının %74,22’sinin, pazarlama karması, stratejik pazarlama, tüketici davranışları ve hizmet pazarlaması konularına yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pazarlama alt alanları açısından en yüksek frekans değerlerine sahip pazarlama konuları ise; büyüme stratejileri, hizmetlerin özellikleri ve bölümlendirme stratejileri elde edilen bulgular arasındadır.
YETENEK YÖNETİMİNDE YETENEKLİ ÇALIŞANLARIN ÖZELLİKLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GALAŞ Cansu , KAYGISIZ Esra G.
Published: June 2022

Yetenek yönetimi, yetenekli çalışanların işletme tarafından fark edilmeleri ile başlayan bir yönetim biçimidir. Yetenek yönetimi temelde işletmenin ihtiyaç duyduğu ve duyacağı yetenekleri belirlemesi, bu yeteneklere sahip olan çalışanları belirlemesi, bu çalışanların örgüte bağlılıklarının artırılması ile işletmeye yeni yetenekli çalışan çekebilmesini kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, yetenek yönetimi kavramına odaklanmakta, yetenek yönetimi uygulamalarının sağlık sektöründe nasıl uygulandığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı Giresun'da faaliyet gösteren özel hastanelerde görev yapan idari personel ile yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yetenek yönetimi ile yaş (r=0,089) arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki ve eğitim (r=-0,085) ile negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yetenek yönetimi sürecinde demografik özelliklerin önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı görülmektedir. Çalışma süresi, toplam iş deneyimi ve unvanın yetenek yönetimi üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı, değişkenler arasında yetenek yönetimi ile olan ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamsız olduğu söylenebilmektedir
N.A. SERNO-SOLOVYEVICH: A SHORT WAY FROM THE LIBERAL REFORMER TO THE REVOLUTIONARY RADICAL IN THE «ERA OF GREAT REFORMS»
Authors: Tsoi Igor A.
Published: June 2022

The paper gives an interpretation of N.A. Serno-Solovievich’s views on the reform process in Russia at the end of the 1850s and his ideas of the preparation of the peasant reform, and traces the evolution of his social views. The works of historians mainly study his revolutionary activities in the organization «Land and Freedom», they do not sufficiently investigate the motives of his participation in the preparation of the peasant reform and the rejection of this activity. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the ideological and value-based, social and political reasons for the evolution of N.A. Serno-Solovievich’s views for four years (1857-1860), when he worked in various committees for the preparation of the peasant reform, and then left the service and chose the revolutionary path of activity. The main sources of the research are N.A. Serno-Solovievich’s publicistic articles and letters. They make it possible to determine the value attitudes of their author, the features of his cultural memory and his perception of the interests of different social forces. The topic is studied in the context of the social-activity approach, personal history. The evolution of views and the change in the orientation of activities under the influence of the social practice of Serno-Solovievich are analyzed. The study led to the conclusion that the second half of the 1850s was a special time in the history of Russia when government policy gave hope to liberal-minded youths to participate in transformations for the benefit of all social groups. It is proved that Serno-Solovievich before 1860–1861 was known for his liberal opinions and believed in the possibility of harmonizing the interests of different forces on the basis of the ideas of freedom, equality and justice. The interaction of liberals in practice with conservatives convinced the former that it was difficult to influence committed planters to take into account the interests of the people. Serno-Solovievich was not satisfied with the peasant reform project. He himself defined the dilemma – either to agree to moderate reforms, or to induce the peasants to begin armed struggle. He deliberately left the legal space of his life, underestimating the possibilities of influencing the government and his participation in upholding the liberal principles of the peasant reform.
DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE CHUVASH ASSR IN THE PRE-WAR YEARS (1939–1940)
Authors: Chernysheva Natalia V.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the demographic situation in the Chuvash ASSR in the prewar years (1939–1940). To date, the creation of a holistic picture that developed in the USSR in the prewar years and during the Great Patriotic War remains a promising task of historical science. Since the late 1980s in the USSR, in connection with the opening of a number of archival funds, the subject of historical research, including historical and demographic research, is expanding. The relevance of this kind of research is enhanced by the difficult demographic situation in which the Russian state found itself since the 1990s. The Republic of Chuvashia is no exception, where the population decrease is caused by a decrease in natural growth or decline, as well as migration outflow. The purpose of the article is to analyze the demographic and migration processes in the Chuvash ASSR in the prewar years. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the introduction of new historical sources into scientific circulation, as well as in a comprehensive study of the demographic situation in the Chuvash ASSR in the prewar years. The study was carried out on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach using general scientific, specifically historical and statistical methods.

As a result of the study, the general characteristic of the size and composition of the autonomous republic is presented according to the All-Union Population Census of 1939. Based on the calculations, the components and data on the population are determined. It is concluded that migration had the greatest impact on the demographic situation in the Chuvash ASSR. The paper presents the analysis of demographic processes and their characteristics, determines general tendencies of population migration, and analyzes its types.
DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE IN THE HIGHER SCHOOL OF CHUVASHIA (1967–2022): TO THE 55th ANNIVERSARY OF THE I.N. ULYANOV CHUVASH STATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Knyazeva Natalya V. , Mineeva Elena K.
Published: June 2022

In modern conditions, the formation and evolution of the humanities in Russia is of particular relevance. Among the fundamental foundations of the socio-humanitarian sciences, the historical sphere of scientific knowledge occupies a central place. It is impossible to build the future without understanding the events of the past. The study of the historical science development in our state was conducted both by science institutes and by higher education institutions. Scientists often combined teaching and research. This trend was typical for the whole country, including its regions. The Chuvash Republic was no exception. In general, historical education on the territory of Chuvashia began to emerge in 1930. Between 1930 and 1967, the Chuvash State Pedagogical Institute carried out the professional historical staff training. A new stage in the development of higher historical education in the Chuvash ASSR began in 1967. The opening of the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov (CSU) was a landmark event. The article presents the formation and development of historical science at CSU, which included a number of independent areas: opening of new specialties, creation of departments and laboratories, formation of scientific schools, work of the dissertation council and training of scientific and pedagogical staff, holding conferences, publishing scientific journals, proceedings and monographs, implementing grants, etc. Each of these activities is a significant work behind which stand prominent scientists of the Republic. It is pointed out that for its 55th anniversary, the Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov created a galaxy of talented historians, whose names are known outside Chuvashia. The change of generations is an integral element of the transfer of knowledge and traditions. Any research team, first of all, is a combination of the wisdom and working capacity of leading specialists, as well as acquiring new knowledge by novice researchers. Continuity and traditions are important components of the historical scientific schools of Chuvashia.
FOR THE 105th ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOUTH USSURIYSK BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
Authors: Kolyada Alexander S. , Belov Alexander N. , Repsh Natalia V. , Berseneva Svetlana A.
Published: June 2022

In 1916, the South Ussuriysk branch of the Amur Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was created in the city of Nikolsk-Ussuriysk. It was a public organization whose main task was to study the natural resources of the south of the Far East (Ussuriysk Territory). The branch became the first scientific organization in Primorye which carried out scientific research work and published its results («Izvestia», «Notes», scientific articles and monographs). South Ussuriysk branch specialized in studying the flora of the Far Eastern region. The need to find funds for scientific research led to the creation of economic and commercial structures – Factory of educational materials, an agricultural farm, a silk station, etc. The branch became one of the organizers of the First Congress on the study of the Ussuri region in natural history (1922). In 1929, due to duplication in research, the department was reorganized – scientific departments moved to the Far Eastern Regional Research Institute as a branch, economic departments – to various state structures. The branch had been the part of the institute until the beginning of 1932, later the Gornotezhnaya station was created on the basis of its scientific subdivisions, which in the same year became part of the Far Eastern branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
MULTINATIONALITY OF MORDOVIA: HISTORICAL ASPECT
Authors: Minakova Albina I.
Published: June 2022

Most of the territories of the Russian Federation are characterized by the multinational composition of the population, which is expressed in the interaction of ethnic communities, so the topic of multi-ethnicity is at the peak of relevance today. As an object of study, we consider the Republic of Mordovia as an ethnopolitically prosperous subject of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation of the Volga Federal District, where peoples “live in peace and harmony.” The article discusses the prerequisites for the formation of polyethnicity in the Mordovian region as part of the territories that later became part of the present-day Republic of Mordovia. The first official data on the peoples of the Mordovian region are given in the statistics of the Russian Empire census of 1897 with a foreign contingent in the provinces of Mordovia. They show the distribution of the population according to their native language – the population spoke Belarusian, Polish, German, Jewish and other foreign languages, which indicates the prerequisites for formation of multinationality of the Mordovian region.

The multinationality of the Republic has evolved historically due to various factors. The events of the Patriotic War and the First World War caused refugees from Western countries to move to the regions of Russia, resettle in shared apartments, work and interact with the local population, some of the refugees and prisoners of war as a result remained in Mordovia forever. These were certainly prerequisites for the development of the region in line with the multinational subject of the Russian Federation. Thanks to unpublished sources found in the archive, the direct role of representatives of the peoples of foreign countries in the process of forming the multinationality of the region is shown. The poly-ethnicity of the population of the region led to the fact that components of several national cultures were simultaneously present in the socio-cultural environment. The multinationality of the Republic of Mordovia attracts the scientific community of ethnologists, which is confirmed by research publications. A review of publications on the issues of migration of the population abroad was undertaken. On the basis of state statistics data, a comparative description of the change in the dynamics of the population of Mordovia was carried out. It enabled to present the data on the composition of the population of the region. This happened mainly due to migrations of peoples from countries of near and far abroad.
CENOTAPH GRAVES OF THE CHUVASH PEOPLE AND RELATED RITES AND BELIEFS
Authors: Petrov Igor G.
Published: June 2022

The cult of ancestors is an important and integral part of cultures of many peoples, including the Chuvash. Following this cult, the relatives of the deceased people held complex funeral and memorial rites. In addition, honoring the dead, they erected tombstones and structures in cemeteries. They were erected not only to the deceased relatives, but also to those who, due to various circumstances, died and were buried in a foreign land. In science, such structures and monuments have been given the name «cenotaphs», i.e. empty graves. The tradition of installing commemorative signs imitating the burial is common among many peoples and has been known since ancient times. The research is devoted to the study of cenotaphs of the Chuvash and related rites and beliefs. The paper analyses the data of the ethnographic literature on the subject, as well as field materials that the author obtained during the expeditions of 2014, 2021 on the territory of the Almetyevsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Chelno-Vershinsky district of the Samara region. Cenotaphs in their appearance are not different from ordinary burials. They have the same traditional tombstone structures as all the others. Nevertheless, cenotaphs have the common feature – the absence of the body of the deceased. However, such burials cannot be considered completely empty because, for the symbolic replacement of the deceased, the Chuvash buried the earth brought from the place of his burial. However, according to the author, in the past, the Chuvash people could use his clothes or other personal items to replace the body of the deceased. This is indicated by some magic actions and techniques that have been preserved by the peoples neighboring the Chuvash, for example, the Mari and Udmurts. In addition, attention is focused on the unconditional location of cenotaphs away from the cemetery or on its outskirts, which was also due to the ancient religious beliefs of the Chuvash people.
“NOTE” (“RISALA”) BY IBN FADLAN AND FEATURES OF THE EARLY STAGE OF THE VOLGA BULGARS FORMATION (X century)
Authors: Rodionov Vitaliy G.
Published: June 2022

The tribes mentioned in Ibn Fadlan’s “Note” before their migration to the Middle Volga lived on the territory of the Khazar Khaganate (the North Caucasus, the Volga-Don steppes). It was there that they began to move to a settled life, as well as to converge in language and culture. The main part of the tribes genetically belonged to the Turkic-Ogurs, the ancestors of the Bersils were Persian-speaking, and the Esegels were Ugrians. Consequently, their ethnonyms were constructed in a completely different form. During the formation of the state of the Volga Bulgars, the term as-Sakaliba meant not only a specific ethnic group, but a political unification of various northern tribes. From the 10th century its place was taken by the polytonym Bolgars (Bulgars), known in the Byzantine world since the end of the 5th century and meaning the Oghur-speaking heirs of the Huns. The process of interaction between the intraethnic groups of the Volga Bulgars of that time was based on the traditions, on the one hand, of migrants from the North Caucasus and, on the other, of the Bulgar ethnic groups from the Volga-Don steppes. The main leaders of these intraethnic groups in 922 were, as Ibn Fadlan described, Emir Almysh and a certain “imposter” from the Suvars, nicknamed “thief, robber, bandit” (Vărăh). The main reason for the public unrest was the official acceptance of the religion of Islam by the Bulgarian king, which was followed by oblivion of the traditions of the ancestors. The society was divided into two groups: traditionalists and passionaries. The cult of Muslim saints of the Volga Bulgars developed through the development of early genealogical traditions of the Oguro-Bulgar tribes. Over time, they merged with images from the Judeo-Muslim literature. The new ethnic consciousness of the Volga Bulgars since the 10th century began to function in a two-level mode. At the interstate level, the exoethnonym Bulgar is approved, and at the level of the region and the Bulgar ethnos – the endoethnonym Bulyar.
Conservative Management of Dushta Vrana (Chronic Ulcer) Through Ayurveda: A Case Study
Authors: Rashmi Tokas Rana  , Gouri Chauhan  , Raja Ram Mahto
Published: June 2022

Non-healing ulcers or Dushtavrana possess a great challenge to the doctors, as it is a very common problem presented by the patients. It is not only that the patient feels the pain and discomfort but the others who look at the patient, they also feel a lot of discomfort. It creates a very embarrassing situation for the patient in his day to day life. After trying for all the therapies eventually patient looks forward to Ayurvedic system of medicine with a very little ray of hope that here his ulcer may be healed. Fortunately only with the help of Ayurvedic medicines and without any sort of surgical intervention the patient get healed. This article presents the conservative management of non-healing ulcers or Dushtavrana which proved to be a miracle for the patients.
The Comparative Analysis of Karanja Kshara Samples -Prepared According to Different Ayurvedic Textual References
Authors: Archana B R  , Vasudha A
Published: June 2022

Karanja Kshara is an alkali, extracted from water soluble ash of the plant – Karanja {Pongamia pinnata (L.)}. The Kshara preparation techniques differ according to various authors, with respect to the ratio of water added to ash, soaking time, folds of cloth and number of filtrations. In the current study, Karanja Kshara was prepared as per different classical methods and analysed for the differences. Three samples of Karanja Kshara were prepared, according to the textual references from Sushrutha Samhita (Sample A), Sharngadhara Samhita (Sample B) and Rasa Tarangini (Sample C). Analysis of the methods of preparation along with organoleptic and Physico-chemical tests were conducted. There was a 14% yield of Kshara in Sample A, 7.45% of yield in Sample B and 7.54% in Sample C. In physicochemical analysis, there was 6.8%, 6.1% and 5.4% of loss on drying in Samples A, B and C, respectively. Total ash value was 84.7%, 85.78% and 87.89% in Samples A, B and C respectively. Acid insoluble ash value was 11.34%, 11.04% and 9.15%. pH value was 10.36, 10.30 and 10.37. Traces of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sulphur, oxides of silica, Carbonate & Bicarbonate were found in all the 3 samples. There are very few notable differences found in the results, however, they are quite similar. In terms of yield, economy and alkalinity, sample A (Sushrutha Samhita) can be considered as the better method while sample method C (Rasatarangini) is easier and faster.
A Comparative Study of Dashamooladi Nasya & Dashamooladi Ghana Vati in the Management of Vishvachi w.s.r to Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sayantika  , Ghosh Sukumar  , Kar Pulak Kanti
Published: June 2022

The advent of civilization and overuse of life modifying gadgets like cell phones, computers, etc. leads to greater incidence of neck pain worldwide, of which Cervical spondylosis is the prime cause, which is a natural ageing process characterized by sequence of degenerative changes in the spinal structure. In Ayurveda, it can be closely correlated with Vishvachi, which is a Nanatmaja vatavyadhi, in which there is restriction of movement in arms associated with Ruk, Stambha, etc. features. Aims and Objectives: 1. To study etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, and progress of Vishvachi w.s.r. to cervical spondylosis. 2. To assess the efficacy of Dashamooladi taila nasya and Dashamooladi ghana vati individually and compare the effect of both schedules clinically. Materials and Methods: After proper identification, the selected raw herbs are used for Taila (oil) preparation according to Taila paka vidhi for Nasya and Kwatha was made for oral medication. The study was carried out in two parts- a). Literary- Textual references from various books, journal and papers on Internet were studied. b). Clinical- After considering the selection criteria, a total of 60 patients were treated in two groups- i) Group A: 30 patients were treated with Dashamooladi taila nasya for consecutive 21 days preceded by Abhyanga (oleation) & Svedana (fomentation). ii) Group B: 30 patients were treated with Dashamooladi Ghana vati consecutively for 21 days. Scoring was done on the basis of 09 parameters and statistical analysis was done. Result: Group A patients showed marked effect on Avamotana, Sanchari, Spandana, Aruchi & moderate effect on Ruk, Toda, Stambha & Tandra. Group B showed marked effect on Toda, Stambha, Spandana; and moderate effect on Ruk, Avamotana, Sanchar. Conclusion: Dashamooladi yoga (Dashamoola, Bala, Masha) is used both for shamana and Nasya medicine. These are effective in Vata-kaphaja ailments, Sotha, Shula, etc., and possess Balya, Brimhana, Rasayana, Vrishya etc., qualities.
Screening of Heavy Metals in Thurusu Vaippu (Copper Sulphate) - A Siddha Preparation
Authors: S. Sonitha  , A. Poonkavi  , S.Tamilselvi  , S. Mathu kumar
Published: June 2022

The Siddha system of medicine is one of the six recognized systems in the Indian system of medicine. The medicines comprise herbals, minerals, metals, and animal origins. Thurusu (Copper Sulphate) is a naturally occurring inorganic compound, but it can be prepared synthetically as per the procedures present in the Siddha literature as Vaippu muraigal. It is used in Siddha medicine as a single drug or in combination drugs after the detoxification process, which is termed as “Suthimurai” particularly incorporated for Schedule E drugs, which are listed in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940. Therapeutically, administered in the form of Parpam, Chenduram and externally applied to cure even chronic wounds. In this study, thurusu prepared as per Vaippu murai to assess the concentration of heavy metals present in the drug. The preparations are based upon the Siddha literature “Bogarsarakkuvaippu-800”. The heavy metals present in the Thurusu vaippu were analysed and the results showed the presence of heavy metals below the detection limit, but copper (350.125mg/l) and sulphur (471.204 mg/l) are present above the limit of the pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian medicine (PLIM) guideline. Further processing of Suthimuraigal determines the concentration level of Thurusu vaippu for therapeutic purposes. Further research on Thurusu vaippu which paved the way to standardize the Thurusu vaippu muraigal.
A Study of Anti Microbial Activity of Panchvalkal Kwath
Authors: Ashish Pareek
Published: June 2022

Panchvalkal is a combination of five astringent plants, these are Vata, Peepal, Udumbara, Parisha, Plaksha. Individual and combinations of drugs have Kashaya rasa (astringent) dominant and useful in the management of Vrana (Wounds) as well as Shotha (Inflammations). Panchvalakal is used in different forms, for instance, Kwath, ointment, and powder. Its formulation can prepare in oil for future prospective to add more medicinal value and improve its shelf life without any chemical preservative. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the scientific proof of old literature and further evaluate the wound healing property of water extract of Panchvalkal and blend with Amaltas (Cassia fistula) and Neem (Azadirachta indica). Disc diffusion was adopted to assess antimicrobial activity against the range of standard antimicrobial agents. The results were promising that E.coli, S.aureus, P.areuginosa are sensitive to Panchvalkal kwath. This herbal medicine is able to prevent vaginitis and also cure it without any side effects. Aqueous extract of Panchvalkal by soxhlet method showed significant results against E.coli and S.aureus with an inhibition value of 22 mm and 20 mm in diameter respectively. The results were compared with results obtained from reference (standard) antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin (5mcg/disc), Ceftriaxone (30mcg/disc), and Streptomycin (10mcg/disc) that served as the reference for inhibition zone diameter.
A Review on Asura Graha Unmada with Contemporary View
Authors: Jha Gaurav Kumar  , Khatun Hazera
Published: June 2022

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) causes problems in many areas of life, such as relationships, occupational field or financial affairs. Narcissistic personality disorder individual generally unhappy and disappointed. They believe they deserve admiration. According to Acharya Charak, Unnmad, is the Manasvyadhi is which understood as the disturbed condition of the Manas (mind), Buddhi (understanding), Samjna (consciousness), Gynana (perception), Smriti (memory), Bhakti (inclination), Sheela (character), Chesta (behaviour), and Achara (conduct). As a result, Citta gets disturbed and in turn causes impairment of Budhhi. Due to this, the individual person feels different sign and symptoms like loss of confidence, irrelevant talk, biased willing and thinking, deprived memory, decision and responsiveness. The signs and symptoms of Asura Graha Unmada (AG) such as Jihma Drishtim, Dushtaatmaanaam, Krodhanam, Atruptam, Sasweda Gaatram, Deva, Braahmana, Guru Dveshinam, etc show similarity with deceitfulness, exploitation, antisocial, aggressiveness, impulsivity, negative emotionality, grandiosity, dysphoria, alcohol abuse, and physical violence features commonly found in various personality disorders such as Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD) , Bipolar Disorder (BD), and NPD and others personality disorder or comorbid condition among them. Manasa Vyadhi, Graha Rogas are less focused topic in Ayurveda. The aim of this article to explain Asura Graha Unmada and its correlation with contemporary view. After proper review it is concluded that the signs and symptoms of Asura Graha (AG) Unmada such as Jihma Drishtim, Dushtaatmaanaam, Krodhanam, Atruptam, Sasweda Gaatram, Deva, Braahmana, Guru Dveshinam, etc shows similarity with various personality disorders.
A Review on Pararasasekaram Symptomatology about Karpavippuruthi with Modern Symptomatology
Authors: M.Sathiyabama  , S.Yavanarani
Published: June 2022

The Siddha System of medicine, which had its presence in the historic Tamil lands one the most of all different clinical structures in the world. Around 4448 illnesses are described through Siddhars of their books and literatures, which might be subdivided into Vatha noi, Pitha noi, Kabha noi, Kasanoi, Soolai, Karapan, Kiraani, Vippuruthi etc. In Vippuruthi noikal Karpavippuruthi is one of the regularly encountered gynaecological illnesses, which turned into cited within the posted literature Pararasasekaram Irandavathu Karparoga Nithanam. The signs and symptoms of Karpavippuruthi cited in the Siddha literature can be correlated with uterine cancer and uterine fibroid in the modern disease of classificatory. The comparative research of Siddha system of medication convey to mild excessive stage of clinical expertise the Siddhars had. The research was focused at evolve a set of absolute Siddha diagnostic strategies for Karpavippuruthi and to correlate the signs and symptoms of Karpavippuruthi with that of carefully akin to situation in modern medical literature. By pertaining to the historic Siddha literature with current day, there could be each augmentation of the expertise of diagnosis and its remedy. This chapter was aimed in delving extensive into the clinical features cited under highly occurring disease “Karpavippuruthi” through Sage Pararasasekaram which in addition ends in shape the Siddha diagnosis and prognostic device of Karpavippuruthi.
Overcoming Primary Cervical Dystocia with Ayurveda Therapeutic Strategy- Case Study
Authors: Divya Patil  , K. Bharathi  , B. Pushpalatha  , Poonam Choudhary
Published: June 2022

Background: We report a case of primary cervical dystocia managed successfully with Ayurveda therapy. The classical Ayurveda lexicons comprise detailed descriptions regarding Prasava (labor) and its management based on which the present case was intervened which resulted in achieving progressive improvement in cervical dilatation and achieving normal labor.

Case Presentation: The case reported in this study is primigravidae, 25 years’ old visited prasutitantra OPD, NIA hospital with 37.2 weeks gestational age complaining of labor pains. Since her contraction and per vaginal findings were suggestive of onset of labor, she was hospitalized for further monitoring and awaited spontaneous progress of labor. Repeated Per vaginal examination revealed no progress in cervical dilatation even after 28 hours and she was diagnosed with primary cervical dystocia. Intervention of Kebuka taila yonipichu-25ml 2 hourly was made which resulted in remarkable cervical dilatation equivalent to mean standard rate following 3 interventions of yonipichu within 6 hours.

Conclusion: The status of the cervix during labor is a significant determinant of mode and ease of labor. Ayurveda therapeutic strategy of Kebuka taila yoni-pichu can effectively prime the cervix due to the Garbhashayaka sankochaka and estrogenic properties of Kebuka and the activation of Ferguson's reflex by Yoni-pichu.
For the Benefit of Generations to Come or for the Sake of Survival?
Authors: Vadas Andras
Published: June 2022

The paper discusses the changes in the forest legislation on different levels of early modern administration in Hungary. By using a wide variety of sources—laws, decrees, instructive documents, and letters—it explains how forests were regarded and handled in the period of the Ottomans’ presence in the Carpathian Basin. In analyzing the sources, the paper shows how the importance of protecting and taking care of forests at different levels of administration can be attested, what the goal of this care for wooded areas was, and how the presence of the Ottoman-age wars changed the ways forests were used in the frontier and the hinterland.
Descriptions of the Forests of Slavonia in Travelogues of the Early Modern Age
Authors: Skenderović Robert
Published: June 2022

Forest history is a relatively new discipline in Croatian historiography. The scale ofexploitation remains the main point of interest for scholars dealing with forest history. Nevertheless,recent scholarship has turned scholarly interest towards another question: Can exploitation (timberconsumption) be the only criterion for the anthropization of forests? The present paper analyzesthree travelogues from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and compares them withquantitative data originating from various historical sources. It shows how travelogues do not onlyoffer a vivid description of a land and its inhabitants but can also be used as a valuable confirmationof historical conclusions based on quantitative historical data. Even more, travelogues may providesome specific data not available elsewhere. In this case, three travelogues (Atanazije Jurjević, OsmanAga of Timişoara/Temesvár, and Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube) give a broader understanding of theanthropization of forests in Slavonia during the early modern period.
Enlightenment, Modernization, Professional Training
Authors: Kurucz György
Published: June 2022

Western historical narratives of the Enlightenment tend to depict the eighteenth-centuryaristocracy as a unique promoter of overall progress, whereas Hungarian historiography is moreinclined to appraise their role according to a deprecating approach based on the criticism of atraditional class system. However, it seems clear that a more balanced judgement of the Hungarianaristocracy should involve a complex analysis. In first place, it is to be decided whether erudite andfinancially well-off individuals existed, and if so, to what extent they were willing and capable ofcontributing to various forms of innovation, let alone social and cultural progress. For this reason, thispaper is designed to focus on the activities of Count György Festetics, a Transdanubian Hungarianaristocrat who was educated in the Theresianum, an elite Viennese training institute, but whosecareer prospects were thwarted at the end of the eighteenth century on account of his involvementwith the anti-Habsburg movement of Hungary’s lesser nobility on the death of Emperor Joseph II.This analysis seems justifiable, because Festetics’s decision to set up a farming college in Keszthelyclearly shows his commitment to progress, aiming at the adaptation of modern methods as wellas creating the institutional background for the dissemination of specialist knowledge among thevarious layers of contemporary society.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Chew Lee Lian , Tan Bien Soo , Kumar Krishna , Htoo Maung Myint , Wong Kok Seng , Cheng Christopher WS , Teo Terence KB , Irani Farah Gillani , Choong Hui Lin , Tay Kiang Hiong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as the primary treatment for transplant renal artery stenosis (TxRAS). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of PTA of TxRAS from April 1999 to December 2008 was performed. Twenty-seven patients (17 males (M):10 females (F)) with the mean age of 49.5 years underwent PTA of TxRAS in the review period. Indications for PTA were suboptimal control of hypertension (n = 12), impaired renal function (n = 6) and both suboptimal control of hypertension and impaired renal function (n = 9). All patients had doppler ultrasound scans prior to their PTA. In addition, 5 of these patients had computed tomography angiography (CTA) and another 7 had magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) evaluation. Mean follow-up period was 57.0 months (range, 7 to 108 months). Results: The stenotic lesions were located proximal to the anastomosis (n = 2), at the anastomosis (n = 15), and distal to the anastomosis (n = 14). Technical success rate was 96.3%. One case was complicated by extensive dissection during PTA, resulting in subsequent graft failure. The overall clinical success rate was 76.9%. Seven out of 26 patients had restenoses (26.9% of cases). These were detected at a mean of 14.3 months post angioplasty (range, 5 to 38 months). All 7 patients underwent a second PTA successfully. Three of these patients required more than 1 repeat PTA. Conclusion: PTA is safe and effective in the management of symptomatic TxRAS and should be the primary treatment of choice. Close surveillance for restenosis is required and when diagnosed, re-angioplasty can be performed.

Key words: Post transplant hypertension, Kidney transplantation, Transplanted kidney failure
Singapore Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Experience: Shall We Change Our Practice?
Authors: Aung LeLe , Soe Tin Aung , Chang Kenneth TE , Quah Thuan Chong
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Although rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) constitutes nearly 4% of all children diagnosed with cancer in the ethnically diverse small island city of Singapore, it is unknown how children with RMS fare. Materials and Methods: This study investigated 50 children with RMS from April 1993 to December 2010 from KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) and National University Hospital (NUH). They were treated either as per Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) or Société Internationale Pediatrique D’Oncologie (SIOP) regimens. Results: Median age of diagnosis was 5.1 years (range, 0.1 to 17.3 years) with a median follow-up of 3.3 years (range, 0.4 to 15.6 years). According to IRSG classification, 18 (36%) were staged as low-risk (LR); 19 (38%) were intermediate-risk (IR), 12 (24%) were high-risk (HR) and it was unknown in 1 patient. Twenty-nine (58%) were of embryonal subtype, 17 (34%) were alveolar and subclassification was not available in 4. The primary sites of tumour were: head and neck region (n = 22); genitourinary (n = 19); extremity (n = 10); and abdomen/retroperitoneal (n = 5). At the time of analysis, 80% were alive with no evidence of disease, 9 were dead of disease, and 2 were alive with disease. By disease risk group, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) for LR group disease was 81.3% (95% CI, 62.0 to 100.0), IR group was 61.4% (95% CI, 32.3 to 90.4) and HR group was 25.0% (95% CI, 0.0 to 49.5) respectively (P <0.001). The 5-year EFS for risk by chemotherapy received as per SIOP vs per IRSG revealed: LR 83.3% vs 75.0% (P = 0.787); IR 83.3% vs 43.8% (P = 0.351); HR 0.0% vs 42.9% (P = 0.336) respectively. Of 15 relapses (HR, n = 7), at median of 2 years, 4 of 6 patients treated as per SIOP regimen were dead of disease and 3 of 8 treated as per IRSG were alive. Conclusion: Radiation therapy (RT) can be avoided in LR classification although those in higher risk classification need RT to local and distant metastatic disease. The outcome of children with RMS in Singapore can be further improved by coming together as a cooperative group to provide the best total care. Improved communication, multidisciplinary team collaboration, standardisation of protocols and rigorous data collection are keys.

Key words: Sarcoma, Survival, Treatment
Single Mothers Have a Higher Risk of Mood Disorders
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Prasad Rohini Omkar , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Chong Siow Ann
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Previous research has shown single mothers to be at greater risk for both physical and mental health disorders as compared to married mothers. Psychiatric disorders, in particular depression, have been shown to be more prevalent in single mothers than married mothers. This study was aimed at comparing the prevalence of depression, other mood, and anxiety disorders in single and married mothers in a multiethnic Asian society. Materials and Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) was a cross-sectional survey of the representative population of Singapore. The survey targeted Singapore residents aged 18 years and above. Trained interviewers established the diagnoses of mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0). Physical illnesses, social support and sociodemographic correlates were established using structured interviews. For the purpose of this study, single mothers were defined as unmarried, divorced/separated/widowed mothers who had children aged 21 years and below. Results: Face-to-face interviews were completed with 6616 respondents from December 2009 to December 2010. After controlling for sociodemographic correlates in multiple logistic regression model, single mothers had significantly higher odds of having mood disorders (OR = 5.28) as compared to married mothers. Conclusion: Our study found that single mothers in Singapore across ethnicities, experienced a higher risk for mood disorders as elsewhere in the world. Single motherhood was also associated with lower age and education. Our study identifies young, single mothers as a vulnerable group associated with mental illnesses that must be targeted with specific interventions to improve mental health and well-being. Key words: Anxiety disorder, Major depressive disorder, Single mother, Social support
External Validation of the Cham Score for Ordering of Blood Cultures in Emergency Department Patients with Non-Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Patterson Mark , Kelly Anne-Maree , Klim Sharon
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to externally validate the Cham score for the prediction of bacteraemia in emergency department (ED) patients with non-hospital acquired pneumonia. Materials and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a dataset collected to identify independent predictors of bacteraemia in adult ED patients with non-hospital acquired pneumonia. The primary outcome of interest was the predictive performance (sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value) of the score with respect to bacteraemia. Secondary outcomes included the performance of the score in patients not known to be intravenous (IV) drug users, the predictive performance of pneumonia severity index (PSI) class IV/V and PSI class IV/V or IV drug use as predictors and the clinical impact of score application on test ordering. Data analysis was by clinical performance and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Results: A total of 200 patients were studied; 14 true positive blood cultures (7%, 95% CI, 4% to 11%). The Cham score had a sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI, 64.2% to 99.6%), specificity of 26.3% (95% CI, 20.3% to 33.4%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98% (87.0% to 99.9%). Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.86). Using PSI class IV/V or known IV drug use as predictors had sensitivity of 92.9% (95% CI, 64.2% to 99.6%), specificity of 51.1% (95% CI, 43.7% to 58.4%) and NPV of 99% (95% CI, 93.5% to 99.9%). Conclusion: In retrospective external validation, the Cham score performed better than in derivation with acceptable sensitivity and NPV. Simplified criteria (PSI class IV/V or known IV drug use), as yet not validated, had similar sensitivity and NPV but would avoid blood cultures in a higher proportion of patients. Key words: Blood culture, Emergency department, Pneumonia
Internet Addiction in Young People
Authors: Ong Say How , Tan Yi Ren
Published: June 2022

In our technology-savvy population, mental health professionals are seeing an increasing trend of excessive Internet use or Internet addiction. Researchers in China, Taiwan and Korea have done extensive research in the field of Internet addiction. Screening instruments are available to identify the presence of Internet addiction and its extent. Internet addiction is frequently associated with mental illnesses such as anxiety, depression, conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatment modalities include individual and group therapies, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), family therapy and psychotropic medications. A significant proportion of Singapore adolescents engaging in excessive Internet use are also diagnosed to have concomitant Internet addiction. Despite the presence of a variety of treatment options, future research in this area is needed to address its growing trend and to minimise its negative psychological and social impact on the individuals and their families. Key words: Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Treatment
EVALUATION OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO IDENTIFY PEACH VARIETIES BASED ON LEAF COLOR
Authors: Ayala-Niño Daniel , González-Camacho Juan Manuel
Published: June 2022

Machine learning and deep learning approaches are applied in different areas of the agricultural sector, particularly in the digital image-based identification of characteristics of interest in crops. In this research, the performance of three machine learning classifiers was evaluated: support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The aim was to identify four varieties of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) (CP-03-06, Oro Azteca, Oro San Juan, and Cardenal), based on the color of digital images of the upper and lower side of leaves, represented by two color spaces: RGB (red, green, blue) and HSV (hue, saturation, value). The classifiers were trained and evaluated based on six data input scenarios, defined by the combinations of the upper, lower, and both sides of the leaf with the RGB and HSV color spaces. The three machine learning classifiers (SVM, RF, and MLP) achieved their best prediction performance when they examined the color characteristics of the upper side of leaves transformed to the HSV color space. The SVM classifier outperformed RF and MLP. SVM achieved a global average correct classification accuracy of 84.1 %, F1 macro of 83.7 %, and area under the ROC curve (AUC macro) of 0.93. The Oro Azteca variety reached the highest classification rate with a F1 score of 87.9 % and the Oro San Juan variety obtained the lowest rate with a F1 of 71.3 %.