bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified stability analysis of double‐diffusive convection in viscoelastic fluid layer saturating porous media
Authors: Dhiman Joginder Singh , Patil Prabhugouda M. , Sood Sumixal
Published: October 2022

The present analysis mathematically investigates the thermohaline convection problem in viscoelastic fluid layer saturating porous media by utilizing the modified Boussinesq approximation. By performing linear stability analysis, the Darcy–Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory modes of convection are derived. The effects of different parameters describing the problem are studied numerically. In nonlinear stability analysis, the heat and mass transfer rates in the form of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, respectively, are obtained for oscillatory convection using the derived Ginzburg–Landau equation. From the results, it is observed that overstability is the preferred mode of instability in linear stability. It is found that in linear double‐diffusive convection problems, the stress relaxation imparts a destabilizing effect whereas the strain retardation time, the coefficient of specific heat variation due to temperature, and the concentration gradient have a stabilizing effect on the system's stability. The numerical values of heat and mass transfer rates varied with the coefficient of specific heat showing that the heat transport decreases while the mass transport increases. Also, the stress relaxation time, the concentration gradient, and the gravity modulation's amplitude increase while the strain retardation time decreases the heat and mass transfer rates. The wavelength of oscillations remains unaltered with the variation of specific heat variation due to temperature. The modulation frequency does not affect the heat/mass transfer rate; though, the wavelength of oscillations decreases with increasing frequency.
Maternal mental health and infant neurodevelopment at 6 months in a low‐income South African cohort
Authors: Burger Marlette , Einspieler Christa , Niehaus Dana J. H. , Unger Marianne , Jordaan Esme R.
Published: October 2022

Maternal mental health disorders and the adverse consequences for infant neurodevelopment have received substantial research attention in high‐income countries over the past five decades. In Africa, where relatively little work has been done on this topic, researchers have largely focused on infant physical health outcomes. This longitudinal study investigated the neurodevelopment of infants at 6 months post‐term with exposure to mothers with a clinical diagnosis of persistent mental health disorders residing in low‐income communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Adjusted models revealed no significant differences on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID‐III) domains (cognitive, motor, language, socio‐emotional, and adaptive behavior) between infants exposed to maternal mental health disorders (n = 62) and the comparison group (n = 35) at 3 and 6 months. Subgroup analyses found no significant differences on the BSID‐III domains between infants with exposure to mood disorders (n = 31), as well as infants with exposure to comorbid (i.e., a combination of two or three) mental health disorders (n = 14) and the comparison group. However, infants with exposure to psychotic disorders (n = 14) scored significantly lower on the cognitive and the motor domains and the fine motor subscale. These novel data provide an important contribution to the scientific literature especially in the field of maternal psychotic disorders in Africa.
Serum hsa_circ_0000615 is a prognostic biomarker of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Lunjun , Xu Tao , Li Yuanyuan , Pang Qing , Ding Xiaolin
Published: October 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can shape tumor progression and chemoresistance. How specific circRNAs shape hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemoresistance, however, remains to be fully elucidated.

Methods

In total, serum samples were collected from 202 HCC patients that had completed four sorafenib chemotherapy cycles. Serum hsa_circ_0000615 levels in these patients were quantified via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), with demographic details and survival outcomes being recorded for subsequent analyses.

Results

We found hsa_circ_0000615 to be significantly upregulated in chemoresistant HCC patients relative to chemosensitive patients, with such upregulation being positively correlated with disease stage. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value for hsa_circ_0000615 was moderately good, and high levels of hsa_circ_0000615 expression were associated with shorter overall survival among chemoresistant HCC patients.

Conclusion

Our results highlight hsa_circ_0000615 as a promising driver of sorafenib resistance in HCC patients, highlighting it as a promising target for the treatment of this deadly cancer type.
Low plasma growth/differentiation factor 1 levels are associated with liver fibrosis in patients with stable angina
Authors: Hung Wei‐Chin , Tang Wei‐Hua , Yu Teng‐Hung , Wu Cheng‐Ching , Wang Chao‐Ping , Lu Yung‐Chuan , Wei Ching‐Ting , Chung Fu‐Mei , Lee Yau‐Jiunn , Hsu Chia‐Chang
Published: October 2022

Background

Growth differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily and a protective mediator against the development of post‐infarction cardiac remodeling by negatively regulating MEK‐ERK1/2 and Smad signaling pathways in the heart. The TGF‐β/SMAD pathway has been shown to play a key role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, fatty liver disease has been associated with reduced MEK/ERK1/2 signaling. However, no previous study has investigated the association between GDF1 and liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between plasma GDF1 and liver fibrosis in patients with stable angina.

Methods

We included 327 consecutive patients with stable angina. ELISA was used to measure circulating levels of GDF1, and the fibrosis‐4 index was used to assess liver fibrosis.

Results

The advanced liver fibrosis group had lower median plasma GDF1 levels than those with minimal liver fibrosis. There was a significant negative association between GDF1 plasma level and fibrosis‐4 index (r = −0.135, p = 0.019). A lower concentration of GDF1 was significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis when concentration was analyzed as a continuous variable and by tertile. In addition, fibrosis‐4 index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)‐to‐platelet ratio index, and AST/alanine aminotransferase ratio were significantly associated with GDF1 concentration.

Conclusions

Our results indicated an association between low plasma GDF1 and liver fibrosis in the enrolled patients. Further investigations into the role of plasma GDF1 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis are warranted.
Measuring morality: Analyzing the factor structure of the moral foundations questionnaire in veterans
Authors: Ford Christopher Graham , Smigelsky Melissa A. , Yi Jennifer Y. , Trimm Victoria M. , Wortmann Jennifer H. , Meador Keith G. , Nieuwsma Jason A.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Moral reasoning is an underexamined and potentially useful area of research relative to the care of moral injury in veterans. However, the most widely used measure of moral reasoning, the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ), has not been validated in this population.

Methods

Post‐9/11 veterans (N = 311) completed questionnaires which included the MFQ. Veterans' scores were compared to the general US population. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test existing models of the MFQ in the sample. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also used to examine potentially improved model fits.

Results

The two leading, preexisting MFQ models were both poor fits for the data. EFA results produced a four‐factor model for the veteran sample using 25 of the original 30 items of the MFQ.

Conclusions

Measuring moral reasoning among veterans may be important in understanding the experience of moral injury. However, the most widely used scale (MFQ) performs poorly among a sample of post‐9/11 veterans, indicating that veterans may respond differently to the measure than the general US population. Military culture may uniquely influence veterans' moral reasoning, suggesting the need for military specific measures for this construct.
Shared and unique responses in the microbiome of allopatric lizards reared in a standardized environment
Authors: Assis Braulio A. , Bell Terrence H. , Engler Heather I. , King William L.
Published: October 2022

The gut microbiome can influence host fitness and, consequently, the ecology and evolution of natural populations. Microbiome composition can be driven by environmental exposure but also by the host's genetic background and phenotype. To contrast environmental and genetic effects on the microbiome we leverage preserved specimens of eastern fence lizards from allopatric lineages east and west of the Mississippi River but reared in standardized conditions. Bacterial composition was indistinguishable between lineages but responded significantly to host age—a proxy for environmental exposure. This was accompanied by a continuous decrease in bacterial diversity in both lineages, partially driven by decreasing evenness seen only in western lizards. These findings indicate that longer exposure to a homogeneous habitat may have a depreciating effect on microbiome diversity in eastern fence lizards, a response shared by both lineages. We highlight the importance of such effects when extrapolating patterns from laboratory experiments to the natural world.
Risk‐adjusted safety analysis of the oral JAK2/IRAK1 inhibitor pacritinib in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Pemmaraju Naveen , Harrison Claire , Gupta Vikas , Verstovsek Srdan , Scott Bart , Oh Stephen T. , Palandri Francesca , Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin , Sobas Marta , McMullin Mary Frances , Mesa Ruben , Buckley Sarah , Roman‐Torres Karisse , Vannucchi Alessandro , Yacoub Abdulraheem
Published: October 2022

The safety profile of the novel oral JAK2/IRAK1 inhibitor pacritinib in patients with cytopenic myelofibrosis was described in the Phase 2 PAC203 and Phase 3 PERSIST‐2 studies. To account for longer treatment durations on the pacritinib arms compared to best available therapy (BAT), we present a risk‐adjusted safety analysis of event rates accounting for different time on treatment. While the rate of overall events was higher on pacritinib compared to BAT, the rate of fatal events was lower, and there was no excess in bleeding, cardiac events, secondary malignancy, or thrombosis on pacritinib, including in patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
Influence of Different Measurement Methods of Arterial Input Function on Quantitative Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Dong Wanxin , Volk Andreas , Djaroum Meriem , Girot Charly , Balleyguier Corinne , Lebon Vincent , Garcia Gabriel , Ammari Samy , Temam Stéphane , Gorphe Philippe , Wei Lecong , Pitre‐Champagnat Stéphanie , Lassau Nathalie , Bidault François
Published: October 2022

Background

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) helps in diagnosis and prognosis. Quantitative DCE‐MRI requires an arterial input function (AIF), which affects the values of pharmacokinetic parameters (PKP).

Purpose

To evaluate influence of four individual AIF measurement methods on quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters values (Ktrans, ve, kep, and vp), for HNC and muscle.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 34 HNC patients (23 males, 11 females, age range 24–91)

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3 T; 3D SPGR gradient echo sequence with partial saturation of inflowing spins.

Assessment

Four AIF methods were applied: automatic AIF (AIFa) with up to 50 voxels selected from the whole FOV, manual AIF (AIFm) with four voxels selected from the internal carotid artery, both conditions without (Mc−) or with (Mc+) motion correction. Comparison endpoints were peak AIF values, PKP values in tumor and muscle, and tumor/muscle PKP ratios.

Statistical Tests

Nonparametric Friedman test for multiple comparisons. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test, without and with Benjamini Hochberg correction, for pairwise comparison of AIF peak values and PKP values for tumor, muscle and tumor/muscle ratio, P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Peak AIF values differed significantly for all AIF methods, with mean AIFmMc+ peaks being up to 66.4% higher than those for AIFaMc+. Almost all PKP values were significantly higher for AIFa in both, tumor and muscle, up to 76% for mean Ktrans values. Motion correction effect was smaller. Considering tumor/muscle parameter ratios, most differences were not significant (0.068 ≤ Wilcoxon P value ≤ 0.8).

Data Conclusion

We observed important differences in PKP values when using either AIFa or AIFm, consequently choice of a standardized AIF method is mandatory for DCE‐MRI on HNC. From the study findings, AIFm and inflow compensation are recommended. The use of the tumor/muscle PKP ratio should be of interest for multicenter studies.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Baseline cartilage T1ρ and T2 predicted patellofemoral joint cartilage lesion progression and patient‐reported outcomes after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Xie Dongxing , Tanaka Matthew , Pedoia Valentina , Li Alan K. , Facchetti Luca , Neumann Jan , Lartey Richard , Souza Richard B. , Link Thomas M. , Benjamin Ma C. , Li Xiaojuan
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine if baseline T1ρ and T2 will predict cartilage morphological lesion progression in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and patient‐reported outcomes at 2‐year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Thirty‐nine ACL‐injured patients were studied at baseline and two‐year after ACLR. 3 T MR T1ρ and T2 images and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were acquired at both time points. Voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR) technique was used to detect local cartilage abnormalities. Patients were divided into progression and non‐progression groups based on changes of the whole‐organ magnetic resonance imaging scoring (WORMS) grading of cartilage in PFJ from baseline to 2‐year, and into lower (more pain) and higher (less pain) KOOS pain groups based on 2‐year KOOS pain scores, separately. Voxel‐based analyses of covariance were used to compare T1ρ and T2 values at baseline between the defined groups. Using VBR analysis, the progression group at 2‐year showed higher T1ρ and T2 compared with the non‐progression group at baseline, with the medial femoral condyle showing the largest areas with significant differences. At two‐year, 56% of patients were able to recover with respect to KOOS pain. The lower KOOS pain group at 2‐year showed significantly elevated T1ρ and T2 in the patella at baseline compared with the higher KOOS pain group. In conclusion, baseline T1ρ and T2 mapping, combined with VBR analysis, may help identify ACLR patients at high risk of developing progressive PFJ cartilage lesions and worse clinical symptoms 2‐year after surgery.
Ambulatory support moment contribution patterns and MRI‐detected tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study
Authors: Chang Alison H. , Almagor Orit , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Guermazi Ali , Prasad Pottumarthi V. , Chmiel Joan S. , Moisio Kirsten C. , Lee Jungwha (Julia) , Sharma Leena
Published: October 2022

We investigated whether baseline sagittal‐plane ankle, knee, and hip contribution to the total support moment (TSM) are each associated with baseline‐to‐2‐year tibiofemoral and patellofemoral tissue damage worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Ambulatory lower‐limb kinetics were captured and computed. TSM is the sum of ankle, knee, and hip extensor moments at each instant during gait. Ankle, knee, and hip contributions to TSM were computed as joint moments divided by TSM, expressed as percentages. Participants underwent MRI of both knees at baseline and 2 years later. Logistic regression models assessed associations of baseline ankle contribution to TSM with baseline‐to‐2‐year cartilage damage and bone marrow lesion worsening, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, gait speed, disease severity, and pain. We used similar analytic approaches for knee and hip contributions to TSM. Sample included 391 knees from 204 persons (age[SD]: 64[10] years; 76.5% women). Greater ankle contribution may be associated with increased odds of tibiofemoral cartilage damage worsening (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.02–5.57) and decreased odds of patellofemoral bone marrow lesion worsening (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.73). The ORs for greater knee contribution were in the protective range for tibiofemoral compartment and in the deleterious range for patellofemoral. Greater hip contribution may be associated with increased odds of tibiofemoral worsening (OR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.17–6.30). Greater ankle contribution to TSM may be associated with baseline‐to‐2‐year tibiofemoral worsening, but patellofemoral tissue preservation. Conversely, greater knee contribution may be associated with patellofemoral worsening, but tibiofemoral preservation. Preliminary findings illustrate potential challenges in developing biomechanical interventions beneficial to both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction of polysaccharides from seabuckthorn fruits using response methodology, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities
Authors: Liu Junwen , Bai Jingwen , Shao Chuntian , Yao Shengnan , Xu Ran , Duan Suyang , Wang Libo , Xu Yaqin , Yang Yu
Published: October 2022

Background

Seabuckthorn fruits contains many active subtances, among them, the seabuckthorn polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients, and exhibits diverse bioactivities. The extraction of polysaccharides from seabuckthorn fruits is the most important step for their wide applications. Ultrasound‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction (UA‐ATPE) is a promising green method for extracting polysaccharides. Additionally, physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activities can evaluate the potential functions and applications in the food and medicine industries.

Results

Based on the single‐factor experiments, 20.70% (w/w) ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and 27.56% (w/w) ethanol were determined as the suitable composition for aqueous two‐phase. The optimum conditions of UA‐ATPE obtained by response surface methodology were as follows: ultrasonic power (390 W), extraction time (41 min), liquid‐to‐material ratio (72: 1 mL/g), and the total yield of the polysaccharides reached 34.14 ± 0.10%, The molecular weights of the purified upper‐phase seabuckthorn polysaccharide (PUSP) and the purified lower‐phase seabuckthorn polysaccharide (PLSP) were 65 525 and 26 776 Da, respectively. PUSP and PLSP contained the same six monosaccharides (galacturonic acid, rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose), but with different molar ratios. Furthermore, PUSP and PLSP displayed certain viscoelastic property, had no triple helical structure, possessed different thermal stability, surface morphology and conformation in aqueous solution. PUSP and PLSP displayed strong antioxidant properties by the assays of scavenging ability of ABTS+·, the protection of DNA damage and erythrocyte hemolysis.

Conclusion

UA‐ATPE significantly increased the yield of seabuckthorn polysaccharides. PUSP and PLSP were different in many aspects, such as molar ratio, surface shape and antioxidant activities. Seabuckthornpolysaccharides possess great potential in medicine and functional foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Myofibrillar protein can form a thermo‐reversible gel through elaborate deamidation using protein‐glutaminase
Authors: Zhang Lingying , Chen Xing , Wang Yue , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Peng
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Novel thermo‐reversible hydrogels that undergo gelation in feedback to external stimuli have numerous applications in the food, biomedical, and functional materials fields. Muscle myofibrillar protein (MP) has long been known for thermally irreversible gelation. Once the reversible gelation of MP is achieved, its scope for research and application will expand.

RESULTS

The work reported here achieved, for the first time, a thermo‐reversible MP gelation by elaborate deamidation using protein glutaminase (PG). The protein concentration and PG reaction time within windows of 1.0–2.5% and 8 h or 12 h were observed to be vital for creating thermo‐reversible gels. The gel strength increased with protein concentration. The gel displayed a perforated lamellar microstructure, which resulted in a high water‐holding capacity. The rheological results revealed the thermo‐reversibility of the gel was robust for up to five cycles of heating and cooling. The thermally reversible gelation is closely related to the reversible assembly between individual α‐helix and helical coiled coil. Hydrophobic interactions proved to be predominantly involved in the formation and stabilization of the gel network structure.

CONCLUSION

This work increases the scope of research into the thermo‐responsive behavior of MP‐based gel. It can foster advances in research into the applications of muscle proteins and into the use of PG as a novel ingredient in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Therapists’ experience of the lifeline in narrative exposure therapy
Authors: Dix Jayde , Fornells‐Ambrojo Miriam
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to explore the therapist experience of delivering the lifeline component of narrative exposure therapy (NET), an intervention for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder resulting from exposure to multiple traumatic events. The lifeline in NET involves constructing a chronological representation of the client's life using physical symbols to depict traumatic events as well as positive experiences. A semistructured interview was conducted with 16 therapists experienced in delivering the lifeline component of NET to adult clients. The data from these interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five overarching domains were identified, each encapsulating three themes. The first domain pertains to the overlapping purposes of the lifeline, united by the vital function of developing the therapeutic relationship. The second domain describes the value and potential therapeutic mechanisms of the lifeline's “whole life” perspective. The third domain speaks to the intensely emotional nature of the lifeline process and some of the challenges this presents. The fourth domain relates to the physicality of the lifeline and the value this adds beyond a purely verbal method. The final domain encompasses several challenges described by therapists as well as potential areas for further development. This study provides a rich account of the novel lifeline component in NET. The findings provide direction for refinement of clinical practice and avenues for future research.
Patient factors associated with COVID‐19 loss of taste or smell patient factors in smell/taste loss COVID‐19
Authors: Johnson B. Jake , Salonen Bradley , O'Byrne Thomas Jamie , Choby Garret , Ganesh Ravindra , Stokken Janalee K. , O'Brien Erin K.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Dysfunction in smell or taste is well recognized phenomenon in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. This study aimed to quantify the incidence and associated co‐morbidities of reported olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.

Methods

From March 23, 2020 through July 31, 2020, 192,683 patients were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 at Mayo Clinic. These patients with a positive test were contacted via telephone by physicians at Mayo Clinic and information gathered on patient demographics, comorbidities, symptoms and clinical risk stratification based on these factors.

Results

Two thousand two hundred and fifty patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.2%). Six hundred and sixty‐seven (29.6%) of these patients reported loss of smell or taste. Factors found to be correlated with reporting loss of smell or taste on multivariate analysis were: younger age, female sex, or symptoms of chest pain or tightness, cough, or headache and lower clinical risk category. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was associated with not reporting loss of taste or smell.

Conclusion

Of 2250 patients testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 at Mayo Clinic, 667 reported loss of taste and smell. Patients who reported loss of smell or taste were younger, female and more likely to report cough, chest pain, headache, or history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but overall had fewer high‐risk comorbidities. Those who were older, male, and a reported history of CAD were less likely to report chemosensory dysfunction. Our data are the largest single institution data reporting COVID‐19 associated loss of smell or taste, and the first to associate COPD and CAD as factors that affect rates of reported chemosensory dysfunction.

Level of evidence

IIB.
Hearing loss increases with size but not site of tympanic membrane perforation in Aboriginal Australian children in remote locations
Authors: Morris Jack , Lee Zoe , Sanchez Linnett , Carney Andrew Simon
Published: October 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of size, site, and activity of tympanic membrane (TM) perforation on hearing loss (HL) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) children.

Design

Observational study.

Methodology

Children aged 5–18 years who identified as ATSI at seven Anangu community schools within the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands and Maralinga Lands of South Australia underwent 4‐frequency pure‐tone audiometry (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and video‐otoscopy (VO). VO data was reviewed by surgeons for a middle ear diagnosis and VO files with TM perforations were then classified by perforation site (AS, AI, PS, PI, A, P, I) and size (<25%, 25%–50%, 50%–75%, or 75%–100%).

Results

Five hundred seventy‐five VO files with matching audiological data were obtained. Active perforations (35 dBHL; 28–44 IQR) demonstrated greater HL than inactive perforations (31 dBHL; 29–39 IQR) p = .0029. For inactive perforations there was a significant difference between <25% and all larger perforations (p < .0001) whereas for active perforations the significance changed to between <25% (p < .0001) and 25%–50% (p < .05) when compared to larger perforations. When perforation site was compared within all size/activity groups, no statistically different findings were identified. In all analyses, findings did not change when individual frequencies were compared to 4‐frequency pure‐tone average dBHL.

Conclusion

In ATSI children from remote communities, HL is greater in ears with larger perforations and active middle ear disease but there was no relationship between perforation site and HL.

Level of evidence: Level 4.
Quantum Density Matrix Theory for a Laser Without Adiabatic Elimination of the Population Inversion: Transition to Lasing in the Class‐B Limit
Authors: Yacomotti Alejandro M. , Denis Zakari , Biella Alberto , Ciuti Cristiano
Published: October 2022

Despite the enormous technological interest in micro and nanolasers, surprisingly, no class‐B quantum density‐matrix model is available to date, capable of accurately describing coherence and photon correlations within a unified theory. In class‐B lasers—applicable for most solid‐state lasers at room temperature—, the macroscopic polarization decay rate is larger than the cavity damping rate which, in turn, exceeds the upper level population decay rate. Here, a density‐matrix theoretical approach for generic class‐B lasers is carried out, and closed equations are provided for the photonic and atomic reduced density matrix in the Fock basis of photons. Such a relatively simple model can be numerically integrated in a straightforward way, and exhibits all the expected phenomena, from one‐atom photon antibunching, to the well‐known S‐shaped input–output laser emission and super‐Poissonian autocorrelation for many atoms (), and from few photons (large spontaneous emission factors, ) to the thermodynamic limit ( and ). Based on the analysis of , it is concluded that super‐Poissonian fluctuations are clearly related to relaxation oscillations in the photon number. A strong damping of relaxation oscillations with an atom number as small as is predicted. This model enables the study of few‐photon bifurcations and nonclassical photon correlations in class‐B laser devices, also leveraging quantum descriptions of coherently coupled nanolaser arrays.
Metal‐Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jia Ji , Li Jiali , Ma Si , Zhang Zhenwei , Liu Xiaoming
Published: October 2022

Exploring efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important for renewable energy conversion. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently risen as ideal candidates for catalyzing ORR, but this field is still in its infancy. Herein, a new framework material (named as COF‐JLU82) containing bifluorenylidene and benzoselenadiazole units with periodic alternating arrangement is designed and synthesized. The metal‐free COF‐JLU82 exhibits good electrocatalytic activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.68 V, Tafel slope of 72.79 mV dec−1and the conversion frequency (TOF) of 0.0044 s−1, which is better than the previously reported COF‐JLU23. This study enriches the types of COF‐based ORR electrocatalysts and promotes the development of more highly efficient metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts.
Characterization of the Thermal, Structural, and Mechanical Properties of Recycled HDPE
Authors: Chrysafi Iouliana , Asimakidou Theopoula , Michailidou Georgia , Xanthopoulou Eleftheria , Tziamtzi Christina Kyriakou , Zamboulis Alexandra , Bikiaris Dimitrios N.
Published: October 2022

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most popular plastics used in industry. Although it replaces many natural resources, due to the low cost and easy processing, its ever‐increasing wastes make it harmful for the environment. Thus, many processes are used in order to recycle it. In the present study, the properties of recycled HDPE (r‐HDPE) compared to virgin HDPE are investigated. The structural studies are performed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal properties of virgin HDPE and r‐HDPE are measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the mechanical properties are examined by Instron tensile strength experiments. Comparing the results, r‐HDPE does not show any significant differences regarding its structural and thermal properties. Additionally, it is found that r‐HDPE has a slight increase in tensile strength. As a result, considering that the mechanical process to produce r‐HDPE does not affect its general properties, it is suitable for further processing.
A Critical Evaluation of Mechanical and Fire Performance of Flax Fiber Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Maccaferri Emanuele , Benelli Tiziana , Mazzocchetti Laura , Giorgini Loris
Published: October 2022

In the present work, the mechanical behavior of flax fiber reinforced polymers (FFRPs) intended for racing applications is evaluated when subjected to different environmental conditions. A significant drop of mechanical performance in the presence of water (both 100% relative humidity and water submersion) is observed, highlighting also the fact that panels themselves already contain a fraction of water, probably absorbed onto the flax fibers prior their impregnation with the resin, that, where removed, may influence the mechanical behavior. Moreover, the flame behavior of the FFRP composite is also assessed in comparison with the widely applied carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) to highlight the effect of the different reinforcement. Both FRPs are produced with the same flame retarded resin to highlight the contribution of the different reinforcement. The evaluation of the flame behavior of the FFRP panels shows that it completely burns during the cone‐calorimetric test, involving in the fire both the matrix and the reinforcement with a stronger and faster heat release than the corresponding CFRP based on the same resin. The above observations seem thus to discourage their use in critical conditions, where the decrease of mechanical performance and the event of fire incidental condition may dramatically and negatively affect the final application.
Frequency Dependence of Nonlinear Elastic Moduli of Polystyrene‐Based Nanocomposites in the Range of 1.5–2.5 MHz
Authors: Semenova Irina , Belashov Andrey , Zhikhoreva Anna , Moskalyuk Olga , Beltukov Yaroslav
Published: October 2022

The nonlinear elastic moduli of block samples of polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites with three types of fillers: SiO2 particles, halloysite nanotubules, and carbon black (CB) are measured by ultrasonic technique in the frequency range of 1.5–2.5 MHz. The linear elastic moduli of nanocomposite samples change not significantly over those of pure PS, while nonlinear moduli demonstrate considerable variations. All samples exhibit a well‐marked dependence of nonlinear elastic moduli on frequency, more pronounce at lower frequencies. The most profound changes are obtained in samples with CB inclusions.
Volumetric Nanostructurization in Glassy Arsenoselenides Driven by High‐Energy Mechanical Dry‐ and Wet‐Milling
Authors: Shpotyuk Oleh , Ingram Adam , Filipecki Jacek , Shpotyuk Yaroslav , Cebulski Jozef , Bujňáková Zdenka Lukáčová , Baláž Peter
Published: October 2022

The method of positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy is employed to study atomic‐deficient free‐volume evolution in nanocomposites prepared by high‐energy mechanical milling of glassy arsenoselenides g‐As‐Se in dry mode and water solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Formalism of x3‐x2‐CDA (coupling decomposition algorithm) describing conversion of bound positron‐electron (positronium, Ps) states into positron traps is applied to identify free‐volume changes in the pelletized PVP‐capped g‐As‐Se nanocomposites in respect to dry‐milled samples. Under wet milling, the inter‐nanoparticle Ps‐decaying sites in preferential PVP environment are shown to replace free‐volume positron traps in dry‐milled g‐As‐Se samples with defect‐specific positron lifetime approaching ∼0.36‐0.38 ns, corresponding to di‐/tri‐atomic vacancies in g‐As‐Se matrix.
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Tensile and Viscoelastic Properties of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites
Authors: Berrabah Ismail , Dehouche Nadjet , Kaci Mustapha , Bruzaud Stéphane , Deguines Charles Henry , Delaite Christelle
Published: October 2022

Tensile and viscoelastic properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐ 3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx)/zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP) bionanocomposites prepared by melt compounding at various ZnO‐NP content ratios, i.e., 1.5, 3, and 6 wt% are investigated. The study of the comprehension of structure‐properties relationships with respect to filler content allows to define an optimized composition of PHBHHx/ZnO. The results indicate that the incorporation of ZnO‐NP led to improved tensile and viscoelastic properties overall the composition range, being however, much higher at 3 wt%. Nevertheless, the increase in both storage modulus (E′) and tensile modulus observed at 3 wt% is detrimental to flexibility and toughness compared with neat PHBHHx and the other PHBHHx/ZnO bionanocomposites.
The Understanding the Processing Window of Virgin and Recycled Bio‐based Filaments for 3D Printing Applications
Authors: Patti Antonella , Acierno Stefano , Cicala Gianluca , Zarrelli Mauro , Acierno Domenico
Published: October 2022

Commercial available filaments made from poly(lactic) acid (PLA) are selected for potential use in 3D printed parts by fused deposition modeling. Virgin materials (PLA Eum, Z‐PLA Pro), but also recycled matrices (PLA 2Life, PLA Eubio), and one filled with wood fibers (PLA Woodfir) have been considered. Then, a lab‐made filament (PLA Nature) is realized by extruding PLA pellets. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheological measurements are used to determine initial degradation temperature, glass transition, melting temperature, and complex viscosity as a function of time and material pre‐drying. A preliminary investigation of thermal properties enables the materials’ processing window to be validated in order to prevent the deterioration during the process. PLA Nature and PLA Woodfir melt around 170°C, whereas all of the other biopolymers show a lower melting point (around 150°C). The temperature at which thermal degradation began is always greater than 260°C. However, good stability of rheological parameters over time at 210°C is not confirmed for all bio‐filaments. In particular, for Z‐PLA Pro and PLA Eubio, a significant reduction of complex viscosity is verified after a few seconds of testing. Drying samples have been shown to improve the long‐term stability of complex viscosity.
A Short Review on: Recent Advances in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Parnian Pooyan
Published: October 2022

The multi‐functionality of polymer matrix composites, proposes remarkable merits over metals including more stiffness and strength, lower weight, higher resistance to corrosion, and fatigue, etc. Furthermore, the next generation of production undergoes a revolution by increasingly progresses in additive manufacturing. There have been a large group of materials that can be exploited for this fashionable fabrication technique, although, polymer matrix composites are a significant class of material that have recently been used in additive manufacturing. The mixture of these polymers with nanofillers such as carbon nanotube improves mechanical, thermal, and electrical conductivity properties. This short review summarizes relevant production techniques, carbon nanotube polymer matrix composites, and performed research on its application for additive manufacturing.
Blood Markers of Inflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cardiovascular Risk in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bartl Michael , Dakna Mohammed , Schade Sebastian , Otte Birgit , Wicke Tamara , Lang Elisabeth , Starke Maritta , Ebentheuer Jens , Weber Sandrina , Toischer Karl , Schnelle Moritz , Sixel‐Döring Friederike , Trenkwalder Claudia , Mollenhauer Brit
Published: October 2022

Background

Recent studies point toward a significant impact of cardiovascular processes and inflammation on Parkinson's disease (PD) progression.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess established markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk by high‐throughput sandwich immune multiplex panels in deeply phenotyped PD.

Methods

Proximity Extension Assay technology on 273 markers was applied in plasma of 109 drug‐naive at baseline (BL) patients with PD (BL, 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐year follow‐up [FU]) and 96 healthy control patients (HCs; 2‐ and 4‐year FU) from the de novo Parkinson's cohort. BL plasma from 74 individuals (37 patients with PD, 37 healthy control patients) on the same platform from the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative was used for independent validation. Correlation analysis of the identified markers and 6 years of clinical FU, including motor and cognitive progression, was evaluated.

Results

At BL, 35 plasma markers were differentially expressed in PD, showing downregulation of atherosclerotic risk markers, eg, E‐selectin and ß2‐integrin. In contrast, we found a reduction of markers of the plasminogen activation system, eg, urokinase plasminogen activator. Neurospecific markers indicated increased levels of peripheral proteins of neurodegeneration and inflammation, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 and peptidase inhibitor 3. Several markers, including interleukin‐6 and cystatin B, correlated with cognitive decline and progression of motor symptoms during FU. These findings were independently validated in the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative.

Conclusions

We identified and validated possible PD plasma biomarker candidates for state, fate, and disease progression, elucidating new molecular processes with reduced endothelial/atherosclerotic processes, increased thromboembolic risk, and neuroinflammation. Further investigations and validation in independent and larger longitudinal cohorts are needed. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
New federal investments for states to develop CCBHCs
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2022

Aiming to further expand opportunities for states to improve access to and delivery of coordinated, comprehensive behavioral health care through Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and other officials announced new CCBHC planning grants last week.
Synthesis, structural, optical and electrical characterization of Y2O3/poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(vinyl chloride) based nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Mohammed Ghada , El‐Gamal Samy , El Sayed Adel M. , Saber Suzan
Published: October 2022

Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes (NCSPEs) have attracted a lot of attention as excellent candidates for future electronics, photonics and energy storage devices. In this work, Y2O3 (YO) nanosheets were prepared by a free‐template sol–gel method and incorporated inside a poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(vinyl chloride) (blend) matrix via solution casting. NCSPE films were then prepared by adding NaClO4 (NC) or LiCl (LC) to the nanocomposite solutions. XRD and field emission SEM showed that YO has a body‐centered cubic structure and a crystallite size of 24.8 nm, and looks like nanosheets with a high purity. The XRD results of the films showed that YO loading and salt complexation increase the films' amorphous structure. SEM was used to study the surface morphology and film thickness. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the complexation and interactions between the YO/blend and NC or LC. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed that the films display low transmittance (˂17%), an extinction coefficient k between 0.2 × 10−3 and 1 × 10−3 and a comparatively high refractive index. The band gap of the blend decreased from 4.3 to 4.0 eV on loading YO, and NC exhibited a higher impact on Eg compared with LC. A significant increase in with complexing was reported and the maximum value was 7.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the 10 wt% NC/YO/blend structure. The NCSPE films are ionic conductors and have a non‐Debye type of conductivity relaxation, and the applied AC conduction mechanism is correlated barrier hopping. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Closing the gap between n‐ and p‐type silicon heterojunction solar cells: 24.47% efficiency on lightly doped Ga wafers
Authors: Danel Adrien , Chaugier Nicolas , Veirman Jordi , Varache Renaud , Albaric Mickael , Pihan Etienne
Published: October 2022

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells can be formed using n‐type or p‐type silicon wafers. To foster the increasing industrial interest of SHJ, cheaper p‐type wafers with a good availability might be preferred, but until today, they yield lower cell efficiency compared with n‐type and show instabilities in the particular case of boron doping. This work shows that the production flow of high performance rear‐junction bifacial n‐type cells can be applied to front‐junction p‐type cells without process alterations and with a loss of efficiency as low as −0.3%abs provided that the wafer bulk lifetime is high enough. For this, we propose the use of wafers with gallium doping on which we obtained on a semi‐industrial pilot line SHJ p‐type cells mostly stable under moderated heat and light and with an efficiency closed to n‐type references. The best p‐type cell was externally certified at 24.47% total area.
Mental health, sleep, and pain in elite Para athletes and the association with injury and illness—A prospective study
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Dahlström Örjan , Lexell Jan
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The interest in the health of Para athletes continues to increase. Still, there are few studies that have evaluated health parameters beyond injury and illness in this athlete population.

Objective

To assess (1) the weekly proportion of elite Para athletes reporting anxiety/depression, low sleep levels (≤7 hours), and pain over 52 weeks; (2) and to explore whether these health parameters are associated with the risk for a sports injury or illness.

Design

A 52‐week prospective study, part of the Sports‐related Injury and Illness in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS).

Setting

A total of 107 Swedish elite Para athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual impairment participated.

Main outcome measures

Data on self‐reported anxiety/depression, sleep levels, pain, and injuries/illnesses were collected weekly. Comparisons of these parameters preceding an injury/illness were made using Friedman's analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

The proportion of athletes reporting weekly anxiety/depression was 34.1%; 60.9% of athletes reported sleeping ≤7 hours and 49.9% reported pain. In exploratory analyses, there were no significant differences between weeks before an injury for any of the variables. There were significant differences in levels of sleep over the weeks, where sleep levels were significantly higher (>10 hours) 4 weeks prior to an illness (p = .016).

Conclusion

This cohort of elite Para athletes reported relatively high levels of anxiety/depression, low sleep levels, and pain, which is a concern. High sleep levels and the risk for illness might be an indication of overtraining, which commonly leads to persistent fatigue and an increased susceptibility to infections. Monitoring of the health of elite Para athletes is recommended to be able to improve performance and health in this population.
A challenging differential diagnosis in a patient with autosomal dominant STAT3 deficiency
Authors: Bravo‐Queipo‐de‐Llano Blanca , Bonet Daniel , del Rosal Teresa , Cámara Carmen , Ruiz de Valbuena Marta , Pérez Ana , Grasa Carlos D. , Méndez‐Echevarría Ana
Published: October 2022

Autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome (AD‐HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations in the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. In these patients, performing a correct differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections is difficult and challenging, as they usually have atypical presentations. However, establishing a correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential, as pulmonary complications are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates in these patients. We report the case of a teenage girl with AD‐HIES and respiratory symptoms and fever in whom performing a correct differential diagnosis was challenging.