bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative examination of trainee perspectives on cognitive behavioural supervision
Authors: Guindon Julie , Myhr Gail , Renaud Jesse
Published: December 2022

Clinical supervision is the main method by which mental health professionals acquire the competence to deliver safe and effective therapy. The cognitive behavioural supervision (CBS) approach to supervision parallels CBT in structure and form, which may facilitate learning. Although supervision is integral to trainee development, little is known about what CBS interventions trainees consider helpful. Using a qualitative content analysis methodology, we aimed to identify the specific CBS interventions that trainees find most helpful. Eight trainees completing a CBT rotation in an out-patient hospital setting received weekly individual supervision by staff psychiatrists and psychologists. Following each supervision meeting, trainees completed open-ended responses describing what they found most and least helpful. Responses from 127 meetings were coded using a CBS framework. Overall, trainees found many aspects of supervision helpful. The interventions most frequently noted as valuable were teaching, planning, formulating, training/experimenting, and evaluation of their work. When trainees mentioned unhelpful events, insufficient collaboration and a desire for more or less supervision structure were most frequently noted. These results suggest that the perceived helpfulness of supervision may be tied to the use of CBS interventions that provide trainees with concrete skills that facilitate learning. Further suggestions and implications for supervisors are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)

To identify the aspects of cognitive behavioural supervision that trainees perceive as most and least helpful for their learning.

(2)

To integrate trainees’ perspectives with the existing research on supervision satisfaction.

(3)

To consider limitations, challenges and future directions of cognitive behavioural supervision research.
Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit eines adaptiven Lern- und Fehlerworttrainings
Authors: Kargl Reinhard , Purgstaller Christian , Berger Martin , Fink Andreas
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, die Wirkung eines adaptiven Rechtschreibtrainings zur Verbesserung der Leistung von Kindern mit schwacher Rechtschreibung zu untersuchen. Methoden: Dazu wurden 43 Kinder der vierten Schulstufe mit allgemeiner Rechtschreibleistung unter dem Prozentrang 40 als Stichprobe für die Evaluierung herangezogen. Die Kinder wurden zufällig einer Experimentalgruppe und einer Wartelistengruppe zugeteilt. Die Intervention umfasste einen Zeitraum von sechs Wochen und beinhaltete Papier und Bleistift-Aufgaben sowie Übungen einer speziell entwickelten Trainingssoftware zum Rechtschreibtraining. Anschließend nahmen die Kinder nochmals an einer Rechtschreibtestung teil. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass Kinder, die am Rechtschreibtraining teilnahmen, ihre allgemeine Rechtschreibleistung signifikant steigern konnten. Diskussion: Dieser Befund kann durch die gesteigerten Rechtschreibkompetenzen der Kinder auf morphematischer und orthografischer Ebene erklärt werden und deutet auf einen effizienteren Ansatz im Schriftspracherwerb hin.
A Comparison of Top‐Of‐Atmosphere Radiative Fluxes From CERES and ARISE
Authors: Taylor Patrick C. , Itterly Kyle F. , Corbett Joe , Bucholtz Anthony , Sejas Sergio , Su Wenying , Doelling Dave , Kato Seiji
Published: December 2022

Uncertainty in Arctic top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux observations stems from the low sun angles and the heterogeneous scenes. Advancing our understanding of the Arctic climate system requires improved TOA radiative fluxes. We compare Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) TOA radiative fluxes with Arctic Radiation‐IceBridge Sea and Ice Experiment (ARISE) airborne measurements using two approaches: grid box averages and instantaneously matched footprints. Both approaches indicate excellent agreement in the longwave and good agreement in the shortwave (SW), within 2σ uncertainty considering all error sources (CERES and airborne radiometer calibration, inversion, and sampling). While the SW differences are within 2σ uncertainty, both approaches show a ∼−10 W m−2 average CERES‐aircraft flux difference. Investigating the source of this negative difference, we find a substantial sensitivity of the flux differences to the sea ice concentration data set. Switching from imager‐based to passive microwave‐based sea ice data in the CERES inversion process reduces the differences in the grid box average fluxes and in the sea ice partly cloudy scene anisotropy in the matched footprints. In the long‐term, more accurate sea ice concentration data are needed to reduce CERES TOA SW flux uncertainties. Switching from imager to passive microwave sea ice data, in the short‐term, could improve CERES TOA SW fluxes in polar regions, additional testing is required. Our analysis indicates that calibration and sampling uncertainty limit the ability to place strong constraints (<±7%) on CERES TOA fluxes with aircraft measurements.
Impacts of Gravity Waves in the Martian Thermosphere: The Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model Coupled With a Whole Atmosphere Gravity Wave Scheme
Authors: Roeten K. J. , Bougher S. W. , Yiğit E. , Medvedev A. S. , Benna M. , Elrod M. K.
Published: December 2022

Gravity waves are a key mechanism that facilitates coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere of Mars. In order to better understand the mean, large‐scale impacts of gravity waves on the thermosphere, a modern whole atmosphere, nonlinear, non‐orographic gravity wave parameterization scheme has been incorporated into a three‐dimensional ground‐to‐exosphere Mars general circulation model, the Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (M‐GITM). M‐GITM simulations utilizing the gravity wave parameterization indicate that significant gravity wave momentum is deposited in the thermosphere, especially within the altitude range of 90–170 km. This impacts the winds in the thermosphere; in particular, M‐GITM simulations show a decrease in speed of the wind maximum in the summer hemisphere by over a factor of two. Gravity wave effects also impact the temperatures above 120 km in the model, producing a cooler simulated thermosphere at most latitudes. M‐GITM results were also compared to upper atmospheric temperature and wind data sets from the MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) spacecraft. Some aspects of wind data‐model comparisons improved once the gravity wave scheme was added to M‐GITM; furthermore, a cooler temperature profile produced by these new M‐GITM simulations for the MAVEN Deep Dip 2 observational campaign resulted in a closer data‐model comparison, particularly above 180 km. Overall, these modeling results show that gravity waves play an important role for the energy and momentum budget of the Martian thermosphere.
Ethnic differences in prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Barlow Melissa , Down Liz , Mounce Luke Timothy Allan , Merriel Samuel William David , Watson Jessica , Martins Tanimola , Bailey Sarah Elizabeth Rose
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Black men are twice as likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than White men. Raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can indicate an increased risk of prostate cancer, however it is not known whether PSA levels differ for men of different ethnic groups.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were searched to identify studies that reported levels of PSA for men of at least two ethnic groups without a prostate cancer diagnosis or symptoms suggestive of prostate cancer. An adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias and study quality. Findings were stratified into the following broad ethnic groups: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Other. Data were analysed in a narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of reported PSA measures and methods in the included studies.

Results

A total of 654 197 males from 13 studies were included. By ethnicity, this included 536 201 White (82%), 38 287 Black (6%), 38 232 Asian (6%), 18 029 Pacific Island (3%), 13 614 Maori (2%), 8 885 Hispanic (1%), and 949 Other (<1%) men aged ≥40 years old. Black men had higher PSA levels than White men, and Hispanic men had similar levels to White men and lower levels than Black men.

Conclusions

Black men without prostate cancer have higher PSA levels than White or Hispanic men, which reflects the higher rates of prostate cancer diagnosis in Black men. Despite that, the diagnostic accuracy of PSA for prostate cancer for men of different ethnic groups is unknown, and current guidance for PSA test interpretation does not account for ethnicity. Future research needs to determine whether Black men are diagnosed with similar rates of clinically significant prostate cancer to White men, or whether raised PSA levels are contributing to overdiagnosis of prostate cancer in Black men.
Second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Laberko Alexandra , Sultanova Elvira , Idarmacheva Aishat , Skvortsova Yulia , Shelikhova Larisa , Nechesnyuk Alexei , Kobyzeva Daria , Shcherbina Anna , Maschan Michael , Maschan Alexei , Balashov Dmitry
Published: December 2022

Graft failure (GF) remains a serious issue of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Second HSCT is the only salvage therapy for GF. There are no uniform strategies for the second HSCTs and limited data are available on the second HSCT outcomes. 48 patients with various IEI received second allogeneic HSCT from 2013 to 2020. Different conditioning regimens were used, divided into two main groups: containing myeloablative doses of busulfan/treosulfan (n = 19) and lymphoid irradiation 2–6 Gy (n = 22). Irradiation-containing conditioning was predominantly used in suspected immune-mediated rejection of the first graft. Matched unrelated donor was used in 28 patients, mismatched related in 18, and matched related in 1. 35 patients received TCRαβ/CD19 graft depletion. The median follow-up time was 2.4 years post-HSCT. One patient died at conditioning. The OS was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41–0.85) after busulfan/treosulfan and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48–0.88) after irradiation-based conditioning,p = 0.66. Active infection at HSCT significantly influenced OS: 0.43 (95% CI: 0.17–0.69) versus 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58–0.88) without infection,p = 0.004. The cumulative incidence of GF was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08–0.29). To conclude, an individualized approach is required for the second HSCT in IEI. Low-dose lymphoid irradiation in suspected immune-mediated GF may be a feasible option.
Differential roles of Aβ42/40, p-tau231 and p-tau217 for Alzheimer’s trial selection and disease monitoring
Authors: Ashton Nicholas J. , Janelidze Shorena , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Binette Alexa Pichet , Strandberg Olof , Brum Wagner S. , Karikari Thomas K. , González-Ortiz Fernándo , Di Molfetta Guglielmo , Meda Francisco J. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Koscik Rebecca Langhough , Cody Karly , Betthauser Tobey J. , Li Yan , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Bateman Randall J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Johnson Sterling C. , Blennow Kaj , Hansson Oskar
Published: December 2022

Blood biomarkers indicative of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology are altered in both preclinical and symptomatic stages of the disease. Distinctive biomarkers may be optimal for the identification of AD pathology or monitoring of disease progression. Blood biomarkers that correlate with changes in cognition and atrophy during the course of the disease could be used in clinical trials to identify successful interventions and thereby accelerate the development of efficient therapies. When disease-modifying treatments become approved for use, efficient blood-based biomarkers might also inform on treatment implementation and management in clinical practice. In the BioFINDER-1 cohort, plasma phosphorylated (p)-tau231 and amyloid-β42/40 ratio were more changed at lower thresholds of amyloid pathology. Longitudinally, however, only p-tau217 demonstrated marked amyloid-dependent changes over 4–6 years in both preclinical and symptomatic stages of the disease, with no such changes observed in p-tau231, p-tau181, amyloid-β42/40, glial acidic fibrillary protein or neurofilament light. Only longitudinal increases of p-tau217 were also associated with clinical deterioration and brain atrophy in preclinical AD. The selective longitudinal increase of p-tau217 and its associations with cognitive decline and atrophy was confirmed in an independent cohort (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention). These findings support the differential association of plasma biomarkers with disease development and strongly highlight p-tau217 as a surrogate marker of disease progression in preclinical and prodromal AD, with impact for the development of new disease-modifying treatments.
Trueness of intraoral scanners according to subgingival depth of abutment for fixed prosthesis
Authors: Son Young-Tak , Son KeunBaDa , Lee Kyu-Bok
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to compare the trueness of intraoral scanners (IOSs) according to the subgingival finish line depth of tooth preparation for fixed prostheses. The prepared maxillary right first molar was fabricated by using ceramic material. A computer-aided design (CAD) reference model (CRM) of the abutment was obtained by using a contact scanner. The subgingival finish line was located according to the depth at 0-mm, 0.25-mm, 0.5-mm, 0.75-mm, and 1-mm. CAD test models (CTMs) were obtained by using 2 IOSs (i500 and CS3600). CRM and CTM were superimposed and analyzed (Geomagic control X). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trueness according to the subgingival finish line depth. The paired t test was used to compare the trueness of IOSs with and without gingival retraction (α = .05). When the gingival displacement code was not used, it was observed that the trueness of both IOSs decreased significantly as the depth of the subgingival finish line increased (P < 0.001). When the subgingival finish line was positioned deeper than 0.5-mm, the trueness of both IOSs exceeded 100 µm in the marginal region. When the gingival displacement cord was used, the trueness of both IOSs did not exceed 100 µm regardless of the subgingival finish line depth. When gingival cord was used, it showed significantly higher trueness than when not used (P < 0.001). When the gingival displacement cord was not used, the trueness of IOSs decreased as the subgingival finish line depth increased. But the use of the gingival displacement cord improved the scanning trueness by 90%. Thus, it is necessary to use the gingival displacement cord according to the clinical situation to improve scan trueness at the subgingival finish line.
Increasing buffering capacity enhances rumen fermentation characteristics and alters rumen microbiota composition of high-concentrate fed Hanwoo steers
Authors: Ramos Sonny C. , Kim Seon Ho , Jeong Chang Dae , Mamuad Lovelia L. , Son A-Rang , Kang Seung Ha , Cho Yong Il , Kim Tae Gyu , Lee Jin Sung , Cho Kwang Keun , Lee Sung Sill , Lee Sang Suk
Published: December 2022

The buffering capacity of buffer agents and their effects on in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition of a high-concentrate fed Hanwoo steers were investigated in this study. Treatments were comprised of CON (no buffer added), BC0.3%(low buffering capacity, 0.3% buffer), BC0.5%(medium buffering capacity, 0.5% buffer), and BC0.9%(high buffering capacity, 0.9% buffer). Four Hanwoo steers in a 4 × 4 Latin square design were used for the in vivo trial to assess the effect of treatments. Results on in vitro experiment showed that buffering capacity, pH, and ammonia–nitrogen concentration (NH3-N) were significantly higher in BC0.9%and BC0.5%than the other treatments after 24 h incubation. Individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration of CON were lowest compared to treatment groups. Meanwhile, in vivo experiment revealed that Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The abundances ofBarnesiella intestinihominis, Treponema porcinum,andVibrio marisflaviwere relatively highest under BC0.9%,Ruminoccocus bromiiandSucciniclasticum ruminisunder BC0.5%, andBacteroides massiliensisunder BC0.3%.The normalized data of relative abundance of observed OTUs’ representative families have grouped the CON with BC0.3%in the same cluster, whereas BC0.5%and BC0.9%were clustered separately which indicates the effect of varying buffering capacity of buffer agents. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed close similarity of bacterial community structures within and between treatments and control, in which BC0.9%and BC0.3%groups showed dispersed community distribution. Overall, increasing the buffering capacity by supplementation of BC0.5%and and BC0.9%buffer agents enhanced rumen fermentation characteristics and altered the rumen bacterial community, which could help prevent ruminal acidosis during a high-concentrate diet.
Assessment of inner ear morphology and function in response to local positive pressure for Ménière’s disease: a nonrandomized controlled trial
Authors: Fukushima Munehisa , Akahani Shiro , Okamoto Hidehiko , Takeda Noriaki , Inohara Hidenori
Published: December 2022

Ménière’s disease (MD) is an inner ear disorder in which the main pathological feature is endolymphatic hydrops (EH). Positive pressure therapy (PPT) using a portable device is now a second-line therapy for intractable MD when initial medical treatment fails. However, it remains unknown whether PPT causes the morphological and functional changes of inner ear in patients with active MD in accordance with reduction of vertigo attacks. In this nonrandomized controlled trial of 52 patients with MD, the volume of EH significantly decreased with reduction of vertigo attacks during 8 months of PPT combined with medications while the volume of that significantly increased with medications alone. There was no difference between Control group (n = 26) and PPT group (n = 26) regarding the vertigo control, however, PPT group achieved a significant functional improvement of vertical semicircular canals. The effect of volume reduction by PPT has been firstly demonstrated and the functional changes of all semicircular canals during PPT have been firstly examined. Morphological and functional changes in the inner ear by administrating local positive pressure are quite different from those caused by medications alone.

Clinical trial registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000041164 (registered on July 20, 2020).
Na2(C4O4)(H3BO3)(H2O)4·H3BO3: the first borate-squarate with strong SHG response obtained by superior synergy
Authors: Yan Dong , Ma Yao , Huang Hongbo , Zhang Bingbing , Tang Ru-Ling , Hu Liang , Mao Fei-Fei , Zheng Jie , Zhang Xiu-Du , Li Shu-Fang
Published: December 2022

The first sodium borate-squarate, Na2(C4O4)(H3BO3)(H2O)4·H3BO3, with strong SHG response obtained by the synergy effect between two planar NLO-active motifs.
Effect of strontium doping on the electrochemical pseudocapacitance of Y1−xSrxMnO3−δ perovskites
Authors: Singh Abhay Narayan , Nigam Krishna Gopal , Mondal Rakesh , Kushwaha Vishal , Gupta Asha , Rath Chandana , Singh Preetam
Published: December 2022

Redox-mediated interconversion of oxide to hydroxide (M4+O2− + H2O + e− ↔ M3+OH− + OH−) in aqueous media is the key reason for the high capacity of Y1−xSrxMnO3−δ electrodes.
Controlling the magnetic anisotropy of RumIrn (m + n = 3) clusters using the MgO(001) substrate
Authors: Diao Qing , Yang Chengwei , Liu Honglei , Yan Hongxia , Ge Guixian , Yang Xiaodong , Yang Jueming
Published: December 2022

This paper investigated the magnetic anisotropy of RumIrn trimers and RumIrn@MgO systems (m + n = 3) and the modulatory effect of the MgO support on MAE using first-principles calculations.
Coordination effects on the binding of late 3d single metal species to cyanographene
Authors: Průcha Róbert , Hrubý Vítězslav , Zaoralová Dagmar , Otyepková Eva , Šedajová Veronika , Kolařík Jan , Zbořil Radek , Medved’ Miroslav , Otyepka Michal
Published: December 2022

Coordination significantly affects the stability of single metals anchored to 2D materials. DFT applied to models including a coordination sphere and solvation effects predicts the binding affinities of late 3d cations consistently with experiment.
Photoisomerization of phytochrome chromophore models: an XMS-CASPT2 study
Authors: Rao Aditya G. , Schapiro Igor
Published: December 2022

The photoisomerization was studied for truncated phytochrome chromophore models. Addition of functional groups was found to alter the excited state potential energy surface. The isomerization mechanism changes from hula twist to one bond flip.
Tribochemically driven dehydrogenation of undoped sodium alanate under room temperature
Authors: Muñoz-Cortés Esmeralda , Ibryaeva Olga L. , Manso Silvan Miguel , Zabala Borja , Flores Eduardo , Gutierrez Almudena , Ares Jose Ramon , Nevshupa Roman
Published: December 2022

Instantaneous dehydrogenation of undoped NaAlH4 was achieved at room temperature using mechanical energy via rubbing in vacuum. An alternative reaction path-way for tribo-induced de-hydrogenation of NaAlH4 was proposed.
An ultra-broadband and wide-angle absorber based on a TiN metamaterial for solar harvesting
Authors: Sun Chunlei , Liu Haotuo , Yang Bing , Zhang Kaihua , Zhang Bin , Wu Xiaohu
Published: December 2022

A near-perfect metamaterial solar absorber with broadband, wide angle, polarization insensitivity, and high-temperature resistance is proposed and investigated.
Cooperativity of silanol defect chemistry in zeolites
Authors: Chen Ya-Fan , Schroeder Christian , Lew Christopher M. , Zones Stacey I. , Koller Hubert , Sierka Marek
Published: December 2022

Condensation reactions in silanol nests create strain in the structure of zeolite SSZ-55. A sufficiently high defect concentration allows the formation of 3-rings due to cooperative relaxation of the framework.
Rationalization of passivation strategies toward high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Qiao Lu , Meng Ke , Long Run , Chen Gang , Gao Peng
Published: December 2022

This review systematically outlines chemical, physical, energetic and field-effect passivation for perovskite solar cells with their corresponding advanced characterization techniques.
Validation of a modified IDEXX defined-substrate assay for detection of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in environmental reservoirs
Authors: Hornsby Gracie , Ibitoye Temitope D. , Keelara Shivaramu , Harris Angela
Published: December 2022

Antimicrobial resistant organisms can be transmitted to humans through multiple environmental pathways. Monitoring these organisms in multiple environmental reservoirs is an important step towards mitigating adverse health impacts.
In situconstruction of a magnesium foliar fertilizer with pH-controlled release and high adhesion capacity
Authors: Li Wenchao , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhou Hongjian , Zou Zidan , Shen Yue , Wang Guozhong
Published: December 2022

The novel pH-controlled pompon-like magnesium foliar fertilizer (PMFF) has a super-high foliar adhesion ability and high rainfastness property.
Efficient molecular oxygen utilization of micelle-based BiOCl for enhanced in situ H2O2 production induced photocatalytic removal of antibiotics
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Jia Tianqi , Li Haiyan , Guo Linlong , Jian Meipeng , Gong Yongwei , Li Junqi , Wei Zhen , Hao Derek
Published: December 2022

The mechanism of antibiotic photodegradation on SA-BiOCl.
A stable and recyclable Z-scheme g-C3N4/rGO/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst for site-selective C-3 formylation of indoles with methanol as a formyl source under visible light
Authors: Lei Zhenkai , Xue Fei , Wang Bin , Wang Shijie , Zhang Yonghong , Xia Yu , Jin Weiwei , Liu Chenjiang
Published: December 2022

A stable and recyclable Z-scheme g-C3N4/rGO/BiVO4 heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by a facile two-step hydrothermal procedure.
Influence of ambient pressure on spatial–temporal evolution of local thermodynamic equilibrium for laser-induced plasma
Authors: Ke Wei , Wang Xiaohua , Chen Minyuan , Yuan Huan , Yang Aijun , Chu Jifeng , Liu Dingxin , Rong Mingzhe
Published: December 2022

Laser-induced plasma deviates from LTE faster with the increase of radius r and slower with the increase of delay time Td in a higher-pressure environment.
Synthesis of dual function Fe3O4@MnO2@HKUST-1 magnetic micromotors for efficient colorimetric detection and degradation of hydroquinone
Authors: Luo Hui , Han Yang , Hu Kaiyuan , Li Jia , Ng Dickon H. L. , Ma Xiaodi , Luan Kairui , Yang Mingkang
Published: December 2022

A novel and simple strategy was applied for designing and fabricating a micromotor-assisted dual-functional platform for sensitive detection and rapid degradation of hydroquinone in water.
CQD boosted Pd/TiO2 for enhanced hydrogen evolution via formaldehyde reforming
Authors: Liu Xiaogang , Chen Wenjie , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2022

Carbon quantum dot (CQD) decorated Pd/TiO2 nanocomposites are used as a catalyst for generating H2 from HCHO solution at room temperature.
Enhancement of the properties of ZnAl-LDHs for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction by controlling anion intercalation
Authors: Su Senda , Li Xiaoman , Tan Mengyao , Zhang Xu , Wang Yingying , Duan Yanzhong , Peng Juan , Luo Min
Published: December 2022

The anion regulated channel of LDHs blocked by carbonate was opened by controlling the suberate intercalation, thus discussing the effect of different anions of PMo12−XVX, X = 0, 1, 2, 3, 8) intercalation on the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of ZnAl-LDH.
Supramolecular architectures based on binuclear Pt(ii) complexes consisting of different ligands and circular and helical fiber structures
Authors: Kim Minhye , Ok Mirae , Li Chenxing , Go Kayeong , Kim Sehee , Kim Juyeong , Jung Jong Hwa , Jung Sung Ho
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate the control of morphologies of supramolecular architectures based on binuclear Pt(ii) complexes through ligand changes at both end groups.
The octadecanoids: an emerging class of lipid mediators
Authors: Quaranta Alessandro , Revol-Cavalier Johanna , Wheelock Craig E.
Published: December 2022

Oxylipins are enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolites of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids that encompass potent lipid mediators including the eicosanoids and docosanoids. Previously considered of low interest and often dismissed as ‘just fat', octadecanoid oxylipins have only recently begun to be recognized as lipid mediators in humans. In the last few years, these compounds have been found to be involved in the mediation of multiple biological processes related to nociception, tissue modulation, cell proliferation, metabolic regulation, inflammation, and immune regulation. At the same time, the study of octadecanoids is hampered by a lack of standardization in the field, a paucity of analytical standards, and a lack of domain expertise. These issues have collectively limited the investigation of the biosynthesis and bioactivity of octadecanoids. Here, we present an overview of the primary enzymatic pathways for the oxidative metabolism of 18-carbon fatty acids in humans and of the current knowledge of the major biological activity of the resulting octadecanoids. We also propose a systematic nomenclature system based upon that used for the eicosanoids in order to avoid ambiguities and resolve multiple designations for the same octadecanoid. The aim of this review is to provide an initial framework for the field and to assist in its standardization as well as to increase awareness of this class of compounds in order to stimulate research into this interesting group of lipid mediators.
Air-, ground- and dual-source heat pumps: a comparison between energy-efficient systems for a Swedish dwelling
Authors: Fascì Maria Letizia
Published: December 2022

Air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) and ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) are the most spread heat pumps nowadays. However, they suffer from drawbacks that could be mostly overcome coupling the two heat sources, i.e., using dual-source heat pumps (DSHPs). In this study, we compared the techno-economic performance of ASHPs and GSHPs for a small Swedish single-family house. We also calculated the performance improvements achieved using dual-source heat pumps, and evaluated the economic conditions necessary to make the dual-source heat pumps economically competitive with the more traditional systems. We found that the GSHPs were more efficient than the ASHP during the first year of installation, but their performance decreased - sometimes dramatically - during their lifetime. However, investing in either systems was always beneficial and no significant differences tended to exist between the investments. The dual-source heat pumps had– sometimes significantly – higher performance than the conventional systems but they might not be economically competitive with the more conventional systems.
Simplified Thermal Calculating Design Tool for Pre-Designing of Air Flow for Ventilation and Indoor Climate
Authors: Christensen Jørgen Erik , Faris Diana Shorsh Osman , Jhoja Ayesha Mah-Noor , Gimeno Joan F.
Published: December 2022

Consulting engineering firms use detailed applications to dimension the ventilation air volumes and sizes of overall ventilation systems. The disadvantage is that the programs are very complex and time-consuming to use so a simplified Excel-based program, TCD2 (Thermal Calculation by Design, version 2) has been developed. To document that TCD2 can be used, it has been tested against annual simulations with BSim (Building Simulation) based on several different cases. The results of the comparisons with BSim are promising for the temperature course during working hours and are on the safe side as regards the recommendations of the Danish Building Regulations. Further validations of TCD2 compared to BSim are required to fully recommend TCD2.
Multi-objective optimization algorithms applied to residential building retrofitting at district scale: BRIOTOOL
Authors: Hernández-Moral Gema , Serna-González Víctor Iván , Crespo Alejandro Martín , Rodil Sergio Saludes
Published: December 2022

The design of district and urban energy efficient retrofitting projects is a major challenge if contrasted solutions want to be implemented. From the establishment of the criteria to the calculation of indicators, there are several aspects to be considered, such as evaluating a series of refurbishment solutions or establishing an adequate method to select the optimal solution. Apart from this process requiring a high number of time and resources, it can result in a number of inaccuracies, leading to inadequate decisions or designs.

The main achievement of the BRIOTOOL solution proposed is the transformation of a subjective problem (what the best combination of energy conservation measures to implement is) into a mathematical problem, which ensures a more robust decision-making process. In particular, by analysing which multi-objective optimization method (NSGA-II, IHS, MHACO or NSPSO) is the most appropriate, based on execution time, number of different and optimal solutions, and hypervolume of the Pareto front generated.

As a result, the time reduction and the increase in the accuracy of the process compared to business as usual practices shows the benefits of the solution in designing energy efficient retrofitting projects at district level.
BIM-based building physics modelling of ventilated façade systems
Authors: Fürtön Balázs , Petresevics Fanni , Nagy Balázs
Published: December 2022

In this study, a BIM-based building physics modelling of a ventilated façade of a multistorey residential building was made to obtain the thermal performance of the construction. The workflow is performed in an open BIM environment using Archicad to create the model and Comsol Multiphysics for performing the numerical simulations. After creating a suitable workflow and performing the finite element simulations, we determined the thermal impact of the supporting brackets and the dowels securing the thermal insulation, respectively. We also calculated the thermal performance using simplified methods according to standards to evaluate the BIM-based results.
A systematic comparison of various electric vehicle charging approaches
Authors: Huang Pei , Zhang Xingxing
Published: December 2022

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) has been on the rise. Most of the existing EV smart charging controls can be categorized into three approaches according to their optimization principles: individual, bottom-up and top-down. Until now, systematic comparison and analysis of the different approaches are still lacking. It is still unknown whether a control approach performs better than others and, if yes, why is it so. This study aims to fill in such knowledge gaps by conducting a systematic comparison of these three different control approaches and analyzing their performances in depth. A representative control algorithm will be selected from each control approach, then the selected algorithms will be applied for optimizing EV charging loads in a building community in Sweden. Their power regulation performances will be comparatively investigated. This study will help pave the way for the developments of more sophisticated control algorithms for EV smart charging.
Robust Optimisation of Building Retrofits for Present versus Future Climate Scenarios in Humid Continental Climates (Dfb subtype) to Reduce Heating Demand and Mitigate Future Overheating Risk
Authors: Swedberg Nicholas
Published: December 2022

The outdoor environment is a major driver of building performance; a changing climate poses a significant challenge to the effective deployment of building retrofits. The Dfb Köppen climate zone, a humid continental climate with warm summer subtype, is poised to confront significant annual and seasonal temperature changes within the next thirty years. This study examined the relationship between retrofits’ ability to reduce heating demand and simultaneously mitigate future overheating risk. A low-rise apartment was used as the basis of a multi-objective design optimisation (MODO) that modelled building heating demand and overheating risk across a series of input variables, considered either optimisable (i.e.: building envelope upgrades) or non-optimisable (i.e.: occupancy profiles) in the context of this study. The metric overheating-degree-hours (OHDH) was utilised to assess overheating risk. The results of this study reinforced previous findings indicating envelope upgrades can significantly reduce heating demand, but also underscored the importance of implementing solar heat gain mitigation strategies for overheating risk reduction. Additionally, the study highlighted the appropriateness of amalgamated weather data for performance analysis.
A Building Automation and Control micro-service architecture using Physics Inspired Neural Networks
Authors: Maree Johannes P. , Bagle Marius
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present a micro-service architecture which defines a Digital Twin (DT) framework for adaptive building automation and control. The DT framework primarily involves the orchestration of several containerized micro-services, promoting the scalability and deployability of the proposed framework within the industrial context. In the proposed framework, containerized microservices facilitate: (i) model-based control strategies; (ii) data-driven learning; (iii) data management; (iv) the inclusion of an internal High-Fidelity Simulator (HFS) to enable bootstrapped learning; and (v) a User Interface/User Experience (UI/UE) micro-service orchestrator. To validate the usefulness of the proposed framework, we implement a Physics Inspired Neural Network (PINN) to adapt the model-based control strategies for plant-model uncertainty and utilize bootstrap sampling against an internal HFS.
Impact of design parameters of diffuse ceiling ventilation systems on indoor air quality in school classrooms: a numerical assessment
Authors: Sadeghian Parastoo , Sadrizadeh Sasan
Published: December 2022

Indoor air quality directly impacts an individual’s productivity and health condition in office buildings, hospitals, schools, and residential buildings. Diffuse ceiling systems have been used widely in classrooms at schools that have high heat loads. In this regard, this study investigated the role of diffuse ceiling design parameters, including active diffuse panels’ configuration and contamination locations, on indoor air quality in a classroom. The spread of airborne infectious diseases was simulated using computational fluid dynamics techniques. The results revealed that the central configuration of diffuse ceiling panels had the minimum spread of contaminations in the classroom compared to the dispersed configuration.
The alternate operation control strategy between natural ventilation and air-conditioning considering delay time
Authors: Dong Yu , Liu Lulu , Rupp Ricardo Forgiarini , Liu Yanfeng , Toftum Jørn
Published: December 2022

Most research in the field of indoor thermal environment control has been devoted to the search for an appropriate on/off temperature of air-conditioning while relatively ignoring the energy-saving effect of the transition period length after air-conditioning turned off. We proposed a control model for the alternate operation between natural ventilation and air-conditioning to measure the delay time of natural ventilation after air-conditioning turned off. We compared the energy consumption of two cooling modes (continuous cooling and alternative operation between natural ventilation and air-conditioning) in different thermal capacity buildings in China’s hot summer and warm winter areas. Furthermore, we obtain the delay time of natural ventilation under different thermal capacity buildings. The results indicate that buildings with more thermal capacity have a greater delay time of natural ventilation. Alternative operation strategy can save at least 15% energy consumption compared with continuous air-conditioning cooling. The results are helpful to guide residents to adjust their use habits of air-conditioning according to the delay time of natural ventilation and to alleviate the pressure of air conditioning energy consumption in hot summer and warm winter areas in China.
A numerical approach for designing functionally stiff triply-periodic-minimal-surface structures
Authors: Blackwell Matthew Austin , van Rooyen Melody , Becker Thorsten Hermann
Published: December 2022

Biomedical implants require stiffnesses matching those of the surrounding bone to avoid stress shielding. Triply-periodic-minimal-surface (TPMS) structures have shown promising characteristics in preventing stress shielding; however, they are limited in allowing for anisotropic stiffness properties that are typically inherent in bone. This paper presents an approach to simplifying a TPMS structure so that common geometries can be used to approximate it. The wall thickness is varied until the desired functional and directional stiffnesses are determined through finite element modelling. Validation of the finite element models is provided through the compression testing of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) produced specimens. The displacement response to compression testing is presented along with the final structure, which closely matches the stiffness of bone. This approach has the potential to increase implant longevity and improve the lives of implant recipients.
Developing a Ti6Al4V specimen to induce residual stress deformations and cracks for use in metal additive manufacturing online monitoring
Authors: Moore Karabo , Louw Danie , Kouprianoff Dean
Published: December 2022

In laser powder bed fusion factors such as residual stresses within the part, lead to deformations and cracks which impact the quality of the final product. Although residual stress and deformations have been thoroughly studied research and development of in-situ online monitoring requires a specimen that cracks in a predictable manner. This paper aims to show which sample geometry can be used to replicate cracks. The Ti6Al4V sample was designed based on known residual stress phenomena from literature of rapid heating and cooling cycles inducing compressive and tensile stresses during L-PBF. The sample was developed with the aid of computer aided design and simulation software using the inherent strain method. For the purpose of consistency, two identical samples were built simultaneously, and for the purpose of repeatability, two different builds were conducted. It was shown that the sample failed as predicted by the simulations due to the effective plastic strain and equivalent stress exceeding that of the mechanical properties. The sample developed can be used to test if cracks that form during the L-PBF build process can be predicted and detected.
Computational study of bulk and surface properties on ruthenium oxide (RuO2)
Authors: Hiine Mmeshi J. , Ramogayana Brian , Ngoepe Phuti E. , Maenetja Khomotso P.
Published: December 2022

Metal oxides are widely used in lithium-air batteries to improve the formation of stable discharge products and improve lifespan and electrochemical performance. Despite the intense studies on metal oxides catalysts, ruthenium oxide attracted the most attention since it doesn’t only catalyse the redox processes but reduces the over-potential and stabilizes the Li cyclability. Hence, in this work we discuss the bulk and low Miler index surfaces of RuO2 using the first principle density functional theory calculations. It was found that the lattice parameters are in good agreement with the reported results, with less than 1.4% difference. Furthermore, RuO2 was also found to be mechanically stable with all positive independent elastic constants (Cij) obeying the mechanical stability criteria and a positive tetragonal shear modulus (C’> 0). The bulk to shear ratio indicates that the structure is ductile. The density of states shows a slight pseudo gap for RuO2 at the Fermi energy, which suggests that the structure is stable. Finally, low Miller index surfaces (i.e. (110), (010), (001), (111), and (101)) were modelled using METADISE code, and the most stable facet was in agreement with the reported literature.
Microstructural evolution and nano-mechanical properties of Ti-Al-based alloys synthesized by laser in-situ alloying
Authors: Kanyane L.R. , Popoola A.P.I. , Pityana S. , Tlotleng M.
Published: December 2022

Developing titanium aluminides (Ti-Al) based alloys by means of Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) in-situ manufacturing yields attractive properties as compared to other fabrication methods. Ti-Al alloys have attracted much attention for high-temperature performance in gas turbine and automobile applications because of their attractive properties such as low density, high strength, high stiffness, and good oxidation resistance. In this work, laser in-situ fabricated Ti-Al-2Cr (Sample C3), Ti-Al-3Cr (Sample C1) and Ti-Al-4Cr (Sample C2) alloys were developed and the compositional effect on morphological evolution and nano-mechanical properties were investigated. The developed alloys were heat treated to 1350°C and air-cooled. The microstructural evolution was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Anton-Paar equipment was used to analyze the nanoindentation properties (hardness, elastic modulus and stiffness) and MatLab software was utilized to analyze the stress-strain behaviour of the alloys from the nanoindentation load-displacement curve. The results showed that normalizing heat-treatment played an important role in homogenizing the alloys and there was a significant decrease in nanoindentation hardness, stiffness and modulus of elasticity after heat-treatment.
Thermomechanical properties prediction of wood-flour reinforced polymer composites using representative volume element (RVE)
Authors: Salifu Smith , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: December 2022

The accurate prediction of the thermomechanical properties of newly developed polymer composites is important in the determination of their possible areas of application. In this study, a 3D model of representative volume element (RVE) with different wood flour weight ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %) was used to develop wood flour polymer composites. Micromechanical material modelling software (Digimat) was used in conjunction with finite element analysis software (Abaqus) to develop the polymer composites and to determine their thermomechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, thermal conductivity, density, and hardness). The hardness, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the wt.% of wood flour, while the Poisson ratio, thermal conductivity and density decrease with an increase in the wt.% of wood flour. Also, the predicted thermomechanical properties using the micromechanical material modelling software (RVE) follow the same trend as those found in the literature.
Microstructure and bending properties of solution-treated Ti-Mo binary alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Moshokoa Nthabiseng Abigail , Raganya Mampai Lerato , Machaka Ronald , Obadele Babatunde Abiodun , Makhatha Mamookho Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

The current study investigates the influence Mo on the microstructure and bending properties of solution treated Ti-xMo alloys (x= 10.00, 12.89, and 15.05 wt%). The fundamental objective of the study is to attain the correlation between the composition, processing, microstructure, and bending properties of β Ti after the solution treatment process. The alloys were fabricated using the commercially available arc melting furnace, they were subjected to solution treatment at a temperature of 1100 ℃ for 1hr and quenched in ice water. X-ray diffractometer showed peaks belonging to β and αʺ phase for all the solution treated alloys, while the microstructures of all the alloys characterized by Optical microscope illustrated equiaxed β grains structure and sub-grain structures belonging to the αʺ structure. The highest bending strength was found to be 1627.40 Mpa when the Mo content was 15wt%. The bending modulus decreased significantly with an increase in composition. The lowest bending modulus of 74 GPa was seen in 15.05wt% Mo alloy. The Micro-Vickers Hardness of the designed alloys increased extensively with an increase in Mo content. The fracture surfaces of the alloys after bending illustrated dimple features and pronounced cleavage facets which indicated brittle and ductile fracture in all the binary alloys.
Effect of Grain Refining on the Shrinkage Porosity in Thin-Walled Plates Produced by Investment Casting Integrating Controlled Solidification Technique
Authors: Duiker Franse , Rossouw Pierre , Govender Gonasagren , Curle Ulyate
Published: December 2022

The production of high integrity thin-walled investment cast components can be achieved by controlling the solidification process. The aim of this work was to study the effect of grain refiner on thin-walled aluminum alloy A356.0 plates produced by investment casting using a controlled solidification process. Moulds with plate thicknesses of 0.7 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm were cast. The A356.0 alloy was melted in an electric resistance furnace, one mould was cast with controlled solidification process, second mould was cast using A356.0 modified with Strontium (Sr) (0.03%), grain refiner Aluminium Titanium Boron (Al-5Ti-B) (0.11%) and controlled solidification process. Melt temperature was stabilized at 700°C before being poured into the mould at 740°C. Moulds were inserted into a cooling medium at a controlled rate until the plates were submerged and held submerged for few minutes before being withdrawn. The microstructure and shrinkage porosity were assessed using optical microscope and the density was measured using the Archimedes principle. Qualitative assessment of the shrinkage porosity was measured using Image J software. Grain refinement was shown to reduce the size of primary dendrites. Shrinkage porosity decreased in samples. This was supported by the higher density observed for the grain refined casting.