bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis after ablation with 1470 nm laser: Incidence, progression, and risk factors
Authors: Sufian S , Arnez A , Labropoulos N , Lakhanpal S
Published: March 2014

Objectives

To evaluate the incidence of heat-induced thrombosis, its progression and risk factors that may contribute to its formation after endovenous laser ablation.

Methods

This was a prospective evaluation of all patients who had endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein, accessory saphenous vein, and small saphenous vein using 1470 nm wavelength laser, from March 2010 to September 2011. All patients who developed endovenous heat-induced thrombosis at the saphenofemoral junction or at the saphenopopliteal junction were included. Demographic data, history of venous thrombosis, body mass index, vein diameter, reflux time, catheter tip position, endovenous heat-induced thrombosis progression, number of phlebectomies, and venous clinical severity scores were analyzed. Duplex ultrasound was done in all patients preoperatively, and 2–3 days postoperatively.

Results

Endovenous laser ablation was performed in 2168 limbs. Fifty-seven percent had great saphenous vein, 13% accessory saphenous vein, and 30% small saphenous vein ablation. Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis was developed in 18 limbs (12 at saphenofemoral junction and six at saphenopopliteal junction) for an incidence of 0.9%. Eight were class 1 and 10 were > class 2. No pulmonary embolism was reported. The percentage of men with endovenous heat-induced thrombosis was higher compared to those without (39% vs. 24%, p = .14). The median age for endovenous heat-induced thrombosis patients was 59.6 compared to non-endovenous heat-induced thrombosis ( p = .021). Great saphenous vein/accessory saphenous vein diameter for endovenous heat-induced thrombosis patients was 8.0 mm versus 6.3 mm for non-endovenous heat-induced thrombosis patients ( p = .014), and for small saphenous vein it was 5.7 mm versus 4.5 mm ( p = .16). Multiple concomitant phlebectomies were performed in 55.6% of the endovenous heat-induced thrombosis patients compared to 37% in non-endovenous heat-induced thrombosis ( p = .001). All other parameters were similar between endovenous heat-induced thrombosis and non-endovenous heat-induced thrombosis group. Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis resolution occurred in 16 cases at 2–4 but two cases progressing from class 1 to 2, before resolution. The mean VCSS score for endovenous heat-induced thrombosis patients preoperatively was 5.6 and improved to 2.8 ( p = .003) at one month.

Conclusion

Risk factors associated with endovenous heat-induced thrombosis formation after endovenous laser ablation include: vein size, age, and multiple phlebectomies. Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis resolves in 2–4 weeks in most patients but it may worsen in few.
Relationship between medical compression and intramuscular pressure as an explanation of a compression paradox
Authors: Uhl J-F , Benigni J-P , Cornu-Thenard A , Fournier J , Blin E
Published: March 2014

Background

Using standing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we recently showed that medical compression, providing an interface pressure (IP) of 22 mmHg, significantly compressed the deep veins of the leg but not, paradoxically, superficial varicose veins.

Objective

To provide an explanation for this compression paradox by studying the correlation between the IP exerted by medical compression and intramuscular pressure (IMP).

Material and methods

In 10 legs of five healthy subjects, we studied the effects of different IPs on the IMP of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. The IP produced by a cuff manometer was verified by a Picopress® device. The IMP was measured with a 21G needle connected to a manometer. Pressure data were recorded in the prone and standing positions with cuff manometer pressures from 0 to 50 mmHg.

Results

In the prone position, an IP of less than 20 did not significantly change the IMP. On the contrary, a perfect linear correlation with the IMP ( r = 0.99) was observed with an IP from 20 to 50 mmHg. We found the same correlation in the standing position.

Conclusion

We found that an IP of 22 mmHg produced a significant IMP increase from 32 to 54 mmHg, in the standing position. At the same time, the subcutaneous pressure is only provided by the compression device, on healthy subjects. In other words, the subcutaneous pressure plus the IP is only a little higher than 22 mmHg—a pressure which is too low to reduce the caliber of the superficial veins. This is in accordance with our standing MRI 3D anatomical study which showed that, paradoxically, when applying low pressures (IP), the deep veins are compressed while the superficial veins are not.
Immediate therapeutic effect of interferential current therapy on spasticity, balance, and gait function in chronic stroke patients: a randomized control trial
Authors: Suh Hye Rim , Han Hee Chul , Cho Hwi-young
Published: March 2014

Objective:

To determine whether a single trial of interferential current therapy (ICT) can immediately alleviate spasticity and improve balance and gait performance in patients with chronic stroke.

Design:

Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

Inpatient rehabilitation in a local center.

Subjects:

A total of 42 adult patients with chronic stroke with plantar flexor spasticity of the lower limb.

Intervention:

The ICT group received a single 60-minute ICT stimulation of the gastrocnemius in conjunction with air-pump massage. In the placebo-ICT group, electrodes were placed and air-pump massage performed without electrical stimulation.

Main measures:

After a single ICT application, spasticity was measured immediately using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and balance and functional gait performance were assessed using the following clinical tools: Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and 10-m Walk Test (10MWT).

Results:

Gastrocnemius spasticity significantly decreased in the ICT group than in the placebo-ICT group (MAS: ICT vs placebo-ICT: 1.55±0.76 vs 0.40±0.50). The ICT group showed significantly greater improvement in balance and gait abilities than the placebo-ICT group (FRT: 2.62±1.21 vs 0.61±1.34, BBS: 1.75±1.52 vs 0.40±0.88, TUG: 6.07±6.11 vs 1.68±2.39, 10MWT: 7.02±7.02 vs 1.96±3.13). Spasticity correlated significantly with balance and gait abilities ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

A single trial of ICT is a useful intervention for immediately improving spasticity, balance, and gait abilities in chronic stroke patients, but not for long-term effects. Further study on the effects of repeated ICT is needed.
The Transition to Kindergarten for Children With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Welchons Leah Wildenger , McIntyre Laura Lee
Published: March 2014

The transition to kindergarten is regarded as a critical early childhood developmental milestone with important implications for later school outcomes. Despite its importance, few empirical studies examine kindergarten transition and fewer examine transition from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. The goal of the current study was to explore family and teacher concerns and involvement in transition practices among both children who were typically developing (TD; n = 52) and children with developmental delays and disabilities (DD; n = 52). Data collection involved parent, preschool teacher, and kindergarten teacher reports of concerns and involvement in transition and parent and preschool teacher reports of child behavior. Results showed that involvement of families and preschool teachers, but not kindergarten teachers, was higher for children with DD than children who were TD. In addition, preschool teachers, but not kindergarten teachers or families, were found to have higher involvement for children with poorer socio-behavioral competencies.
Comparing Apples and Oranges
Authors: Hallam Rena A. , Lyons Ashley N. , Pretti-Frontczak Kristie , Grisham-Brown Jennifer
Published: March 2014

The assessment of young children in early childhood special education is a central area of educational practice. The results of child assessments often have significant implications for young children, their families, and the programs that serve them, including eligibility for special education services, instructional planning, and documentation of child outcomes. The array of early childhood assessment types and purposes can be challenging to disentangle at the practitioner and policy level. At this time, different types of assessment tools (e.g., norm-referenced and criterion-referenced) are being used to document the development and learning of children and little attention has been paid to the parallel information produced from different assessment types. The purpose of this study is to compare the assessment results from two types of developmental instruments commonly used ( Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System Second Edition [AEPS 2nd ed.] and Battelle Developmental Inventory II [BDI-2]) to determine their congruence in determining a child’s developmental status (e.g., “on track” or delayed). Results indicate substantive difference between the two measures highlighting the potential for mismeasurement and misinterpretation of child assessment data. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
DCE-MRI biomarkers for monitoring an anti-angiogenic triple combination therapy in experimental hypopharynx carcinoma xenografts with immunohistochemical validation
Authors: Sterzik Alexander , Paprottka Philipp M , Zengel Pamela , Hirner Heidrun , Roßpunt Svenja , Eschbach Ralf , Moser Matthias , Havla Lukas , Ingrisch Michael , Mack Brigitte , Reiser Maximilian F , Nikolaou Konstantin , Cyran Clemens C
Published: March 2014

Background

Novel anti-angiogenic treatments are increasingly complementing established cancer therapy strategies in head and neck tumors. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be applied for early and non-invasive therapy monitoring by non-invasive quantitative assessment of tumor microcirculation as in vivo imaging biomarkers of therapy response.

Purpose

To monitor the anti-angiogenic effects of a novel combination therapy on experimental head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI.

Material and Methods

Athymic rats ( n = 18) with subcutaneous HNSCC xenografts were investigated by DCE-MRI before and after 7 days of a daily triple therapy regimen combining the COX-II-inhibitor celecoxib, the matrix-metalloproteinase-inhibitor GM6001, and the uPA-inhibitor upamostat. Quantitative measurements of tumor blood flow (tBF), tumor blood volume (tBV), and permeability-surface area product (PS) were calculated and validated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Mean tBF and tBV in triple-therapy animals decreased significantly from day 0 to day 7 (tBF, 41.0 ± 14.2 to 20.4 ± 5.7 mL/100 mL/min; P < 0.01; tBV, 17.7 ± 3.9 to 7.5 ± 3.3%; P < 0.01). No significant effects on PS were observed in either group ( P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significantly lower tumor vascularity in the therapy group than in the control group (CD31), significantly fewer Ki-67+ proliferating tumor cells and significantly more Capase-3+ apoptotic tumor cells ( P < 0.05). Significant ( P < 0.05) correlations were observed between tBF/tBV and CD31 (tBF, r = 0.84; tBV, r = 0.70), tBV and Ki-67 (r = 0.62), as well as tBF and caspase-3 (r = −0.64).

Conclusion

DCE-MRI may be a suitable tool for the non-invasive monitoring of the anti-vascular effects of this innovative triple therapy regimen with potential for clinical translation.
Differences in Expression of Uroplakin III, Cytokeratin 7, and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Canine Proliferative Urothelial Lesions of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Sledge D. G. , Patrick D. J. , Fitzgerald S. D. , Xie Y. , Kiupel M.
Published: March 2014

The expression of immunohistochemical markers that have been used in diagnosis and/or prognostication of urothelial tumors in humans (uroplakin III [UPIII], cytokeratin 7 [CK7], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], and activated caspase 3) was evaluated in a series of 99 canine proliferative urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder and compared to the lesion classification and grade as defined by the World Health Organization / International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus system. There were significant associations between tumor classification and overall UPIII pattern ( P = 1.49 × 10–18), loss of UPIII ( P = 1.27 × 10–4), overall CK7 pattern ( P = 4.34 × 10–18), and COX-2 pattern ( P = 8.12 × 10–25). In addition, there were significant associations between depth of neoplastic cell infiltration into the urinary bladder wall and overall UPIII pattern ( P = 1.54 × 10–14), loss of UPIII ( P = 2.07 × 10–4), overall CK7 pattern ( P = 1.17 × 10–13), loss of CK7 expression ( P = .0485), and COX-2 pattern ( P = 8.23 × 10–21). There were no significant associations between tumor classification or infiltration and caspase 3 expression pattern.
Daily Automated Telephone Assessment and Intervention Improved 1-Month Outcome in Paroled Offenders
Authors: Andersson Claes , Vasiljevic Zoran , Höglund Peter , Öjehagen Agneta , Berglund Mats
Published: March 2014

This randomized trial evaluates whether automated telephony could be used to perform daily assessments in paroled offenders ( N = 108) during their first 30 days after leaving prison. All subjects were called daily and answered assessment questions. Based on the content of their daily assessments, subjects in the intervention group received immediate feedback and a recommendation by automated telephony, and their probation officers also received a daily report by email. The outcome variables were analyzed using linear mixed models. The intervention group showed greater improvement than the control group in the summary scores ( M = 9.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.5, 18.7], p = .038), in mental symptoms ( M = 4.6, CI = [0.2, 9.0], p = .042), in alcohol drinking ( M = 0.8, CI = [0.1, 1.4], p = .031), in drug use ( M = 1.0, CI = [0.5, 1.6], p = .000), and in most stressful daily event ( M = 1.9, CI = [1.1, 2.7], p = .000). In conclusion, automated telephony may be used to follow up and to give interventions, resulting in reduced stress and drug use, in paroled offenders.
The changing tides of port geography (1950–2012)
Authors: Ng Adolf K.Y. , Ducruet César
Published: March 2014

Human geographers actively studied ports in past decades. However, the extent to which port geography constituted a specific research stream within human geography remained largely unanswered. By reviewing 399 port papers published in major geography journals, the authors critically investigated the trends and changing tides of port geography research. The findings point out the emergence of the core community shifting from mainstream geography research to increasing connection with other disciplines, notably transport studies. The paper offers a progressive view on human geographers’ abilities to form a research community on port development, while identifying opportunities in the pursuit of collaboration between different academic disciplines.
Reviewing rescaling
Authors: Cohen Alice , McCarthy James
Published: March 2014

This article is concerned with the environmental dimensions of rescaling. Specifically, it explores debates around centralization and decentralization, introduces a key distinction between rescaling to jurisdictional spaces and ecosystem spaces, and suggests three future research trajectories: (1) analytical clarification of the differences between rescaling to natural versus jurisdictional scales; (2) examination of rescaling in light of its attendant process of creating new objects of governance; and (3) investigation of rescaling processes through a temporal lens, with the suggestion that rescaled environmental governance may be the site of some of the first and last manifestations of neoliberal governance reforms.
Legal geography I
Authors: Delaney David
Published: March 2014

Although it has been a recognized tendency in human geography and socio-legal studies for nearly 20 years, the project of legal geography has expanded significantly in the last five years in terms of participants, topics of investigation, and theoretical elaboration. This initial report on legal geography emphasizes recent work by geographers, especially younger scholars, and is addressed to the wider community of human geographers. It seeks to convey a sense of the expanded scope of research over the last few years through a discussion of key themes of constitutivity, complexity, and contingency. It suggests that, in many cases, closer critical scrutiny of the involvement of distinctively legal phenomena in the events of particular interest to human geographers can open up productive lines of inquiry that are foreclosed by the conventional neglect of the legal in human geography.
Corporate social responsibility, the cost of equity capital and ownership structure: An analysis of Chinese listed firms
Authors: Xu Shan , Liu Duchi , Huang Jianbai
Published: March 2014

This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards primary stakeholders on the cost of equity capital in Chinese listed firms, and divides the sample into state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) for comparison. We construct a set of CSR index systems to measure the quality of the CSR practices and use several approaches to estimate firms’ ex ante cost of equity capital. The results show that firms with higher CSR scores have significantly lower cost of equity capital. In particular, we find that investments in improving CSR towards investors make the greatest contribution to reducing firms’ equity financing costs, and the cost of capital effects of CSR is more significant in recessions than in economic booms. In addition, SOEs have better CSR and lower cost of equity capital than NSOEs, but the effect of CSR in reducing the cost of equity capital is greater for NSOEs than for SOEs. The findings suggest that CSR toward primary stakeholders can be profitable and beneficial to Chinese firms.
Effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on acute migraine: An open-label pilot study
Authors: Goadsby PJ , Grosberg BM , Mauskop A , Cady R , Simmons KA
Published: March 2014

Background

We sought to assess a novel, noninvasive, portable vagal nerve stimulator (nVNS) for acute treatment of migraine.

Methods

Participants with migraine with or without aura were eligible for an open-label, single-arm, multiple-attack study. Up to four migraine attacks were treated with two 90-second doses, at 15-minute intervals delivered to the right cervical branch of the vagus nerve within a six-week time period. Subjects were asked to self-treat at moderate or severe pain, or after 20 minutes of mild pain.

Results

Of 30 enrolled patients (25 females, five males, median age 39), two treated no attacks, and one treated aura only, leaving a Full Analysis Set of 27 treating 80 attacks with pain. An adverse event was reported in 13 patients, notably: neck twitching ( n = 1), raspy voice ( n = 1) and redness at the device site ( n = 1). No unanticipated, serious or severe adverse events were reported. The pain-free rate at two hours was four of 19 (21%) for the first treated attack with a moderate or severe headache at baseline. For all moderate or severe attacks at baseline, the pain-free rate was 12/54 (22%).

Conclusions

nVNS may be an effective and well-tolerated acute treatment for migraine in certain patients.
Enhanced pain-induced activity of pain-processing regions in a case-control study of episodic migraine
Authors: Schwedt Todd J , Chong Catherine D , Chiang Chia-Chun , Baxter Leslie , Schlaggar Bradley L , Dodick David W
Published: March 2014

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify brain regions having aberrant pain-induced activation in migraineurs, thereby gaining insight into particular aspects of pain processing that are atypical in migraineurs.

Methods

Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed whole brain responses to painful heat in 24 adult episodic migraineurs who were at least 48 hours pain free and 27 healthy controls. Regions differentially activated in migraineurs compared to controls were identified. Activation intensities in these regions were correlated with headache frequency, number of migraine years, and time to next migraine attack.

Results

Migraineurs had greater pain-induced activation of lentiform nucleus, fusiform gyrus, subthalamic nucleus, hippocampus, middle cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and less activation in precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. There were significant correlations between activation strength and headache frequency for middle cingulate ( r = 0.627, p = 0.001), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( r = 0.568, p = 0.004), left fusiform gyrus ( r = 0.487, p = 0.016), left precentral gyrus ( r = 0.415, p = 0.044), and left hippocampus ( r = 0.404, p = 0.050) and with number of migraine years for left fusiform gyrus ( r = 0.425, p = 0.038). There were no significant correlations between activation strength and time to next migraine attack.

Conclusions

The majority of regions with enhanced pain-induced activation in headache-free migraineurs participate in cognitive aspects of pain perception such as attending to pain and pain memory. Enhanced cognitive pain processing by migraineurs might reflect cerebral hypersensitivity related to high expectations and hypervigilance for pain.
The Effect of Joint Space on Midterm Outcomes After Arthroscopic Hip Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Skendzel Jack G. , Philippon Marc J. , Briggs Karen K. , Goljan Peter
Published: March 2014

Background:

Excellent short-term results have been reported after hip arthroscopic surgery to address femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with narrow joint spaces had inferior outcomes at a postoperative minimum of 5 years and if they had a higher conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty (THA). The hypothesis was that patients with ≤2-mm joint spaces would report inferior outcomes and that patients with >2-mm joint spaces would have improved survivorship (no conversion to THA).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between March 2005 and January 2008, prospectively collected data were analyzed for patients older than 18 years of age undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI. Radiographic measurements of joint space were collected, and hips were grouped as having preserved (>2 mm) or limited (≤2 mm) joint space. Outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS) for activities of daily living and sports, and Short Form–12 (SF-12).

Results:

There were 559 patients included, 466 (83%) of whom were contacted. Fifty-four patients with limited joint spaces (86%) converted to THA, while only 63 patients with preserved joint spaces (16%) converted to THA. The mean survival time for patients with preserved joint spaces was 88 months (95% CI, 85-91 months), and the mean survival time for patients with limited joint spaces was 40.0 months (95% CI, 33.7-46.3 months) ( P = .0001). Complete follow-up outcome data were available on 323 patients, none of whom had THA, with a mean follow-up of 73 months. The mean postoperative HOS for activities of daily living and sports were significantly better in patients with preserved joint spaces (82 vs 62 [ P = .012] and 77 vs 47 [ P = .003], respectively) compared with those with limited joint spaces at a mean of 73 months postoperatively (range, 60-97 months).

Conclusion:

Hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI resulted in significantly better outcomes and activity levels at minimum 5-year follow-up in patients with preserved joint spaces. Hips with limited joint spaces converted to THA earlier than did those with preserved joint spaces.
Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) on the behavior of swelling of polyacrylamide–MWNT composites
Authors: Evingür Gülşen Akın , Pekcan Önder
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of multiwalled carbon nanotube in the swelling of polyacrylamide–multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Swelling experiments were performed in water at various temperatures by real-time monitoring of the decrease in pyranine (Py) and emission light intensity ( Iem). The Stern–Volmer equation is modified for low-quenching efficiencies to interpret the behavior of pyranine intensity during the swelling of polyacrylamide–multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. The Li–Tanaka equation was used to determine the swelling time constants, τ, and cooperative diffusion coefficients, D, from fluorescence intensity, weight, and volume variations of the composite at various temperatures. It was observed that when τ decreased, naturally D increased by increasing temperatures.
The Value of Qualitative Methods in Social Validity Research
Authors: Leko Melinda M.
Published: March 2014

One quality indicator of intervention research is the extent to which the intervention has a high degree of social validity, or practicality. In this study, I drew on Wolf’s framework for social validity and used qualitative methods to ascertain five middle schoolteachers’ perceptions of the social validity of System 44®—a phonics-based reading intervention for secondary students. Findings derived from teacher interviews and classroom observations conducted during the course of one school year indicate that the ways in which teachers make decisions about social validity are complex and predicated on the interaction of several factors related to an intervention’s goals, outcomes, and procedures. By using qualitative methods and applying Wolf’s framework to an academic intervention, I expand the social validity construct and delineate its sub-components.
“My Body Came Between Us”
Authors: Rich Karen
Published: March 2014

Women with physical disabilities are at high risk of intimate partner violence. In addition they are subject to inaccurate stereotypes, including challenges to their gender identities. Like other assaulted women, they may reframe the violence they experience in order to reduce stigmatization. Nineteen formerly abused women with disabilities discussed their coping strategies and reasons for remaining in abusive relationships. Results were content analyzed using feminist and Interactionist lenses. Respondents used neutralization strategies common to abused women but incorporated disability-specific elements. Accounts tended to bolster a stereotypically feminine (gendered, nurturant, or sexual) identity. Policy and clinical implications are discussed.
Anti-Semitism on Trial
Authors: Brykczynski Paul
Published: March 2014

On 30 December 1922, Eligiusz Niewiadomski, the murderer of Poland’s first president, Gabriel Narutowicz, was tried and sentenced to death. The execution was duly carried out on 31 January 1923. The trial of Niewiadomski was one of the most important and galvanizing judicial proceedings in the history of the Second Republic. According to the historiography, Niewiadomski was universally perceived as a “lunatic” or “madman” and his actions were a political setback and embarrassment for the Polish radical right. During the trial, Niewiadomski evinced no contrition for his crime and claimed that his deed was the expression of “the conscience and offended dignity of the nation.” In this article, I will present the argument that shortly after his trial, the right wing publicists’ and politicians’ judgment of Niewiadomski underwent a profound transformation. Far from being condemned as a “madman” or “murderer,” Niewiadomski assumed the position of a “tragic hero” who may have broken the letter of the law but who had done so in the name of just principles, which deserved recognition and approval. The pivotal event in this transformation was the rabidly anti-Semitic speech delivered by Niewiadomski during his trial. The paper analyzes the coverage of the trial and execution in the press in order to arrive at an understanding of precisely how the Polish right was able to reclaim Niewiadomski as one of its own so quickly despite his grave crime. It also analyzes the meaning of this transformation and its significance for understanding the nationalist right in Poland and, more broadly, interwar Polish politics as a whole.
How Are They Now? Longer Term Effects of eCoaching Through Online Bug-In-Ear Technology
Authors: Rock Marcia L. , Schumacker Randall E. , Gregg Madeleine , Howard Pamela W. , Gable Robert A. , Zigmond Naomi
Published: March 2014

In this study, using mixed methods, we investigated the longer term effects of eCoaching through advanced online bug-in-ear (BIE) technology. Quantitative data on five dependent variables were extracted from 14 participants’ electronically archived video files at three points in time—Spring 1 (i.e., baseline, which was the first semester of enrollment without eCoaching feedback), Spring 2 (i.e., 1 year later with eCoaching feedback), and Spring 3 (i.e., 2 years later after exiting the program without eCoaching feedback). Qualitative data were collected by means of interviews with participants regarding their ongoing participation in eCoaching. Quantitative analysis, using repeated-measures ANOVA, confirmed initial improvements in participants’ teaching practices and P-12 student engagement generally withstood the test of time. Also, qualitative findings indicated, as time went on, participants had more positive than negative attitudes toward eCoaching through advanced online BIE.
Effects of wool fibers on tribological behavior of friction materials
Authors: Ma Yunhai , Liu Yucheng , Gao Zhihui , Lin Fudong , Yang Yazhou , Ye Wei , Tong Jin
Published: March 2014

The effects of the wool fiber as reinforcement in the friction materials on the friction and wear properties were investigated in this study. The contents of the wool fiber in the friction materials tested were 0, 3, and 4 wt%. The friction tests were conducted with a constant friction tester at a temperature range of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350°C. The friction coefficient and wear rate were recorded. The friction coefficient of the friction materials reinforced with the wool fiber of 3 wt% was steady, and the wear rate was low. As the temperature increased, the stability of the friction coefficient of friction materials was improved. The Rockwell hardness decreased and the impact strength increased as the content of wool fibers was increased. The morphology of the worn surfaces was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the adhesive wear and abrasive wear were dominant in the friction materials reinforced with wool fiber.
The Cultural Logics of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005: Fiscal Identities and Financial Failure
Authors: Coco Linda E.
Published: March 2014

The enactment of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (‘BAPCPA’) of 2005, amending the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, marks a transformation in bankruptcy law and policy that is representative of larger shifts in dominant economic and political models from ‘embedded liberalism’ to free market ‘neoliberalism’. BAPCPA’s provisions are part of the new practices of the emergent neoliberal state as they relate to the American middle-class segment of the population. In disciplining the middle class, BAPCPA shifts the risk and the responsibility of the lending relationship onto consumer debtors.
The life of children in care in Denmark: A struggle over recognition
Authors: Warming Hanne
Published: March 2014

This article examines the social work practices towards children in care in Denmark. For this purpose, it reworks Honneth’s theory of recognition, so it fits with the axiomatic propositions of the new social studies of childhood. The analysis shows how the life of these children unfolds as a continuous struggle over recognition with negative consequences for their well-being. It is argued that while these struggles take place in face-to-face interactions, the violence of recognition is based on wider social structures, such as the generational order, familization of children’s emotional needs and a problematizing, individualistic diagnostic approach to deviation.
Sacrifice and distinction in dirty work: men’s construction of meaning in the butcher trade
Authors: Simpson Ruth , Hughes Jason , Slutskaya Natasha , Balta Maria
Published: March 2014

Through a study of the butcher trade, this article explores the meanings that men give to ‘dirty work’, that is jobs or roles that are seen as distasteful or ‘undesirable’. Based on qualitative data, we identify three themes from butchers’ accounts that relate to work-based meanings: sacrifice through physicality of work; loss and nostalgia in the face of industrial change; and distinction from membership of a shared trade. Drawing on Bourdieu, we argue that sacrifice and distinction help us understand some of the meanings men attach to dirty, manual work – forming part of a working-class ‘habitus’. Further, these assessments can be both ‘reproductive’ and ‘productive’ as butchers reinforce historically grounded evaluations of work and mobilize new meanings in response to changes in the trade.
Re-engagement with the employee participation debate: beyond the case of contested and captured terrain
Authors: Gollan Paul J , Xu Ying
Published: March 2014

This e-special issue showcases employee participation research published in Work, Employment and Society over the last few decades. The editorial introduction provides an overarching review of the literature and also sets an agenda for future research. In particular, this article is concerned with the question of whether employee participation really brings employees increased voice and well-being, or whether it is simply an agenda that promotes the interests of employers. The article examines the evolution of employee participation and variation in its meanings and forms, and discusses research focused on its antecedents and outcomes. The paradox in the evolution of employee participation, and the mixed findings of outcomes, especially those from the perspectives of employees, highlights a need for interdisciplinary re-examination of the legitimacy of employee participation – when and how it works well for both employers and employees in changing organizational and societal contexts – and suggests looking beyond the conventional debate of contested versus captured terrain.
Modal decoupling control for a double gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope based on modal controller and feedback linearization method
Authors: Chen Xiaocen , Ren Yuan
Published: March 2014

To effectively reject the gyroscopic effects and moving-gimbal effects of the double gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope (DGMSCMG) and to avoid high control effort, this paper proposes a novel control method based on modal decoupling strategy. Modal controller is employed to realize the modal separation of the translation and rotation modes of the magnetically suspended rotor (MSR). Then the dynamic coupling among the two rotation modes of the MSR system and the two rotational motions of the gimbal servo systems have been decoupled by using differential geometry theory. Dynamic compensation filters have been designed to improve the decoupling performance and the system stability without large control resource. Compared with the existing channel decoupling method, the presented one can not only realize the separate control of stiffness and damping of the MSR but also simplify the control system design significantly. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Condition monitoring at the wheel/rail interface for decision-making support
Authors: Palo Mikael , Galar Diego , Nordmark Thomas , Asplund Matthias , Larsson Dan
Published: March 2014

Many railway assets, such as wheels, suffer from increasing deterioration during operation. Good condition monitoring based on good decision-making techniques can lead to accurate assessment of the current health of the wheels. This, in turn, will improve safety, facilitate maintenance planning and scheduling, and reduce maintenance costs and down-time. In this paper, wheel/rail forces are selected as a parameter (feature) for the condition monitoring of wheel health. Once wheels are properly thresholded, determining their condition can help operators to define maintenance limits for their rolling stock. In addition, if rail forces are used as condition indicators of wheel wear, it is possible to use measurement stations that cost less than ordinary profile stations. These stations are located on ordinary tracks and can provide the condition of wheelsets without causing shutdowns or slowdowns of the railway system and without interfering with railway traffic. The paper uses the iron-ore transport line in northern Sweden as a test scenario to validate the use of wheel/rail forces as indicators of wagon and wheel health. The iron-ore transport line has several monitoring systems, but in this paper only two of these systems will be used. Wheel/rail force measurements are performed on curves to see how the vehicle negotiates the curve, and wheel profile measurements are done on tangent track not far away. The vehicles investigated are iron-ore wagons with an axle load of 30 tonnes and a loaded top speed of 60 km/h. The measurements are non-intrusive, since trains are moving and assets are not damaged during the testing process.
Is there an optimum internal diameter for subway tunnels in terms of economic and technical viewpoints?
Authors: Abdi Ali , Ghanbarpour Azadeh
Published: March 2014

Subways, one of the most popular modes of the rapid transit systems, play an important role in maintaining the sustainability of transportation in large metropolitan areas. This study focuses on the optimum dimension of the internal diameter of subway tunnels that creates a space for train passage that is large enough to preventing collisions with electromechanical and wayside facilities and emergency walkways and is small enough to minimize costs. The discussion hinges around how a train in the worst-case situation of a super-elevated track with a minimum curve radius can pass through a tunnel equipped with wayside facilities without any accidents while satisfying all the economic aspects of the project. Limiting the speed of a train in response to the confined area between a train’s dynamic envelope and emergency walkways leads to extended travel times, excess wear on the wheel and rail and even changes in the amount of electricity consumed by the train. All the mentioned factors result in an operational cost and the total cost is achieved by summing up this cost and the construction costs for different tunnel diameters. An economic analysis is performed by comparing the costs of construction and operation for different tunnels against the benefits of passenger revenues. Generating net-present-value diagrams for tunnels with different internal diameters as a function of time shows that a double-tracked single-tube tunnel with an 8.40-m internal diameter is the optimum from both an economic point of view and being able to match technical specifications.
Performance analysis of a federated ultra-tight global positioning system/inertial navigation system integration algorithm in high dynamic environments
Authors: Xie Fei , Liu Jianye , Li Rongbing , Jiang Bin , Qiao Li
Published: March 2014

The Doppler frequency changes rapidly due to high dynamics of vehicle, which leads to the loose lock and even the abnormal performance of global positioning system (GPS) receiver. To solve this problem, a federated ultra-tight integration algorithm based on pre-filters is proposed to optimal estimate both receiver tracking control commands and inertial navigation system (INS) navigation solutions. Firstly, the INS error model and GPS receiver tracking loop structure are built to present the fundamental architecture of the proposed ultra-tightly coupled system. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the load of the integrated filter, the pre-filters are incorporated to the ultra-tightly coupled system, and the state variables are fed into the integrated Kalman filter. Secondly, the intrinsic relevance between the phase and frequency biases of replica signals and INS states is analyzed to accomplish the deep fusion of INS and tracking loop. Finally, semi-physical simulations are performed by using a GPS signal simulator to generate signals of two high dynamic trajectories. The experimental results indicate that the proposed ultra-tight integration algorithm can achieve a good performance on reliable positioning and robust tracking in high dynamic environments, compared with the conventional approaches such as tightly coupled integration strategy and third-order phase-locked loops.
Numerical prediction of unsteady aerodynamics for a ducted fan micro air vehicle
Authors: Cai Hongming , Wu Zhilin , Deng Shuanghou , Xiao Tianhang
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the unsteady aerodynamics of a ducted fan micro air vehicle is investigated using an unstructured overset grid technique and momentum source method. The in-house programmed compressible Navier–Stoke solver is preconditioned for low Mach number flow regime, and a dual time-stepping strategy is employed to guarantee the computing accuracy and efficiency. Momentum source items are added in the Navier–Stoke solver to replace the contra-rotating propellers in numerical simulation which simplify the inherently unsteady flow into a quasi-steady one. The developed method was verified and validated as a reliable tool for predicting the unsteady aerodynamic performance in low Reynolds flow regime. The effects of reduced frequency, flight velocity and propeller speed on the aerodynamic performance of the ducted fan micro air vehicle are evaluated in this paper. Results show that the hysteresis effect of aerodynamic coefficient increases as induced frequency, freestream velocity and propeller speed increases.
Resilience, transition or transformation? A comparative analysis of changing water governance systems in four southern cities
Authors: Hordijk Michaela , Sara Liliana Miranda , Sutherland Catherine
Published: March 2014

Delegating state responsibilities for the management of water resources to regional bodies and the provision of drinking water and sanitation to local governments has led to new configurations in urban water governance. Drawing on case studies from four cities in the global South (Guarulhos, Arequipa, Lima and Durban), this article analyzes recent changes in these configurations, with particular attention to the role and power of the municipality in this process. This paper explores to what extent these new configurations reveal a move towards resilience, transition or even transformation. It concludes that there are clear indications of transition in all cases, and in Guarulhos and Durban even some signs of transformation. Given that transformative changes in the legal and institutional framework, and even in values and attitudes, have not yet affected the existing power structures, the question is to what extent these signs of transformation will reach their full potential.
Clinical manifestations and survival among adults with (SLE) according to age at diagnosis
Authors: Merola JF , Bermas B , Lu B , Karlson EW , Massarotti E , Schur PH , Costenbader KH
Published: March 2014

Objectives

The objective of this paper is to determine the effect of clinical and laboratory manifestations, and medication prescribing, on survival according to patient age at diagnosis in a large academic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort.

Methods

We identified SLE patients with a diagnosis at age ≥18, seen between 1970 through 2011, and with more than two visits to our lupus center. Data collection included SLE manifestations, serologies, other laboratory tests, medications, dates, and causes of death. We examined characteristics of those diagnosed before age 50 (adult onset) compared to those diagnosed at or after age 50 (late onset) using descriptive statistics. We used Kaplan-Meier curves with log rank tests to estimate five- and 10-year survival in age-stratified cohorts. Predictors of 10-year survival were assessed using Cox regression models, adjusted for calendar year, race/ethnicity, sex, lupus nephritis, and medication use.

Results

Of 928 SLE patients, the mean age at diagnosis was 35. Among the adult-onset group, there was significantly higher prevalence of malar rashes and lupus nephritis. Glucocorticoids, azathioprine, mycophenolate, and cyclophosphamide use were also more frequent in the adult-onset group compared to the late-onset group. Five-year survival rates were 99.5% and 94.9% and 10-year survival rates were 97.8% and 89.5%, among those diagnosed before and at or after age 50. In the entire cohort, increasing age at diagnosis, male sex, and black race were statistically significant predictors of reduced 10-year survival. Compared to those diagnosed before age 50, the late-onset group had a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for 10-year risk of death of 4.96 (95% CI 1.75–14.08). The most frequent cause of known death was a lupus manifestation, followed by cardiovascular disease and infection.

Conclusions

In our cohort, several demographic features, SLE manifestations, and medication prescribing differed between those with adult-onset and late-onset SLE. Ten-year survival rates were high for both groups, but relatively lower among late-onset patients. A lupus manifestation as the cause of death was more common among adult-onset compared with late-onset patients.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of rhupus syndrome in a Chinese population: a single-centre study of 51 patients
Authors: Liu T , Li G , Mu R , Ye H , Li W , Li Z
Published: March 2014

Objective: The objective of this paper is to clarify the demographic, clinical and serologic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlap syndrome, known as ‘rhupus syndrome’. Methods: Between 1995 and 2012, 51 patients were classified as having rhupus among 3733 consecutive SLE patients. Rhupus was defined as a condition involving an overlap of RA and SLE features meeting the respective criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with rhupus syndrome were compared with those of 230 RA patients and 120 unselected SLE patients. Results: The age at the onset of rhupus was significantly younger than that of RA ( p < 0.05), but similar to that of SLE. The initial manifestation was arthritis in 84.3% (43/51) of rhupus patients. Symptoms of SLE manifested after an average of 9.2 years. SLE was the initial diagnosis in 7.8% (four of 51) of patients, whereas both diseases developed simultaneously in 7.8% of the patients. SLE-associated manifestations were mild in rhupus syndrome, particularly neurologic disorders. Haematopoietic involvement was the most prominent systemic manifestation in rhupus patients. Conclusion: Rhupus syndrome constitutes a subgroup of patients with distinct demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics. RA typically presents first, and less-severe SLE-associated damage is apparent.