bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streetwise, Active and Cool: How Do Vilnius Adolescents Perceive Their Peers’ Linguistic Identity?
Authors: Čekuolytė Aurelija
Published: June 2020

The current sociolinguistic enterprise is preoccupied with the local meaning of the linguistic resources, however, the global meaning is equally important, because any linguistic resource becomes socially meaningful only when it is recognized as such by the others. Therefore, the main objectives of this article are (1) to advocate for the need to investigate not only the local meaning, discovered through the in-depth ethnographic fieldwork, but also the global meaning of the linguistic resources, (2) to demonstrate how by inclusion of other methodologies, in this case, the verbal guise technique, we can investigate the global meaning of the ethnographically derived data, and (3) to present results of the study of Vilnius adolescents’ perception of their peers’ linguistic identity which encompassed these two methodologies. During the course of the fieldwork in a school in Vilnius, five main social categories of Vilnius adolescents were distinguished: active schoolwise girls, cool girls, cool boys, streetwise girls, and streetwise boys. Different linguistic resources are incorporated in construction of different adolescents’ social categories. But are those linguistic differences local or could they be recognized as having this particular social meaning in other communities of practice? In order to answer this question, the verbal guise experiment was conducted in 3 other schools. Most of the adolescents’ identities were recognized by theadolescents in the verbal guise experiment. This implies that the linguistic variation, involved in the identity construction, has the same meaning in Vilnius dormitory neighborhoods.
“He blet nachui was in a shop”: Swearing Practices and Attitudes to Swearing among Vilnius Adolescents
Authors: Čekuolytė Aurelija
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to analyse swearing practices of Vilnius adolescents and the identities, associated with those practices from the attitudinal and interactional perspectives. The data, which the analysis is based on, consist of the questionnaire survey, completed by 79 adolescents, and two extracts of adolescents’ spontaneous conversations. In the questionnaire, adolescents were asked to evaluate their peer who uses a huge amount of Russian swearwords blet and nachui and their peer who uses the English swearword fuck, i.e. to examine if there are differences in attitudes towards the well-established and generally regarded as very obscene Russian swearwords and the recently appeared English swearwords. Swearing in Russian in the attitudinal questionnaire study was associated with the construction of the masculine streetwise identity. However, the interactional analysis of swearing in Russian shows that Russian swearwords can be employed in the construction of a female streetwise and a masculine non-streetwise identity. The English fuck, which was considered the mild swearing among Vilnius adolescents in the questionnaire study, does not invoke any specific youth social category.
Narrative of bilingual children: general productivity and lexical diversity
Authors: Blažienė Agnė
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the narrative production of developing Lithuanian bilingual children (L1 – Lithuanian, L2 – English). The material was collected in four Lithuanian language schools based in London. The study employs the method of story generation. During the experiment, the participants were asked to tell a story according to a 6 picture sequence Cat Story (Hickmann 2003; Gagarina et al. 2012). There were 100 Lithuanian bilingual children (4-10 years old) from middle-class families involved in the experiment. They all lived in London and attended private Lithuanian schools (~3-6 hours per week). The narratives were recorded, transcribed and morphologically annotated for an automatic analysis of narrative language using CHILDES software. During the analysis, the general productivity and lexical diversity (the number of words, the number of utterances, mean length of utterance, type/token ratio) of the narratives were investigated.The results obtained demonstrate significant differences in productivity and lexical diversity among six age groups. The narratives of older children have been found to be longer; they also include more words, consist of more utterances, which on average are longer. A comparison of bilingual and monolingual children's narratives has revealed that bilingual children are capable of producing more words, while the lexical diversity of nouns, verbs and adjectives is similar in bilingual and monolingual children’s narratives or, in some cases, higher in the narratives of monolingual children. These indicators of productivity and lexical diversity suggest that the native Lithuanian language acquired in a bilingual environment is similar to the Lithuanian language acquired in a monolingual language environment.
On the use of the locative adverbs bura-, ora- and şura- in Turkish
Authors: Butkevičiūtė Beata
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the Turkish deictic locative adverbs bura- (‘here’) ora- (‘there’) and şura- (‘here’, ‘there’). Some researchers (Lyons 1977, Levinson 1983, Anderson and Keenan 1985) claim that şura- occupies an intermediate position between bura- and ora-. Some others (Küntay and Özyürek 2002, 2006) note that şura- is neutral with regard to distance specifications. This investigation has identified a rather problematic usage of the deictic locative adverb şura-. Taking into account that contemporary Turkish language has gradually developed from a three-member deictic system into a two-member system, the paper attempts to more thoroughly investigate the usage of the locative adverb şura- and describe the prevailing deictic system in the Turkish language.
“On the radio and TV perhaps they even speak Vilnius-like”. An acoustic analysis of unstressed variables /i:/, /u:/, /e:/, /o:/, /æ:/ and /a:/ in broadcast media and Vilnius speech
Authors: Čičirkaitė Ramunė
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on the quantitative and qualitative features of the variants of unstressed variables /i:/, /u:/, /e:/, /o:/, /æ:/ and /a:/ in spontaneous broadcast media as compared with spontaneous Vilnius speech. The research also explores how the variants of the variables are located on the spectrum, whether the speaker’s type (his linguistic education) has any impact on the length and tenseness of the variants.The research was conducted using for acoustic analysis the sound analysis program PRAAT. The informants were six Vilnius city dwellers and six radio and TV hosts. The data of the Vilnius city dwellers’ speech drew on targeted sampling from the database “Vilnius speaking”. The hosts were chosen from a representative Corpus of Broadcast Media. The empirical data consists of 840 variants of unstressed variables /i:/, /u:/, /e:/, /o:/, /æ:/ and /a:/, equally selected from each speaker’s spontaneous speech.The survey has revealed that the quantitative and qualitative features of the variants of unstressed variables /i:/, /u:/, /e:/, /o:/, /æ:/ and /a:/ used in the hostsʼ spontaneous speech are very similar to those used by spontaneously speaking Vilnius city dwellers. This leads to a conclusion that Vilnius speech is more firmly entrenched in the prestigious public discourse (broadcast media) than the codified standard language. In our speech community Vilnius speech may function as a model of exemplary pronunciation, thus strengthening the role of Vilnius speech in public discourse and at the same time weakening the positions of standardisation ideology. The investigation has confirmed that phonetic features traditionally assigned to Vilnius speech are erroneously associated only with private discourse and speakers of low social status; however, these features inevitably gain their highest value when used in broadcast media.
“Why are you interrupting me?” Change of overlaps and interruptions in talk programmes 1960–2011
Authors: Nevinskaitė Laima
Published: June 2020

The article deals with one of the features of media discourse connected to conversationalization—speaking at the same time, i.e. speech overlaps and interruptions. The article focuses on overlaps and interruptions in talk programmes in Lithuanian radio and television in 1960–2011. Theoretically, overlaps are treated as an objective (audible) category, while interruptions are regarded as an interpretative category that can be analysed in terms of the talk sequence analysis or from the perspective of participants on the basis of their comments on interruptions (metadiscourse). In the empirical part of the article, the data of radio and television corpus were used to compare the change of overlaps and interruptions over three periods (Soviet, transitional and present-day).The quantitative analysis has shown that the number of overlaps increased considerably with every new period. The analysis also reveals an increased variety of situations where overlaps and interruptions occur. In the Soviet period overlaps and interruptions were associated with neutral and collaborative functions; in the transitional period they started to be used as turn-competitive device; in the present-day period, overlaps and interruptions are strongly competition- and power-oriented and also reflect the commercial nature of the media (entertainment function, interruptions for commercial breaks). These trends are also reflected in metadiscourse. In the present-day period there are relatively fewer apologies for interruptions but more verbal defence of one’s right to speak. This means that the competition for turn and the right to interrupt is taken as a norm. The identified changes should be interpreted not as a shift, but as an increase of variety, since in later periods programmes with many overlaps and new functions of overlaps and interruptions appear as an additional feature, without making the earlier types of programmes and functions of overlaps and interruptions disappear.The change of overlaps and interruptions can be associated with more general changes in media discourse, e.g. increased dialogicality. These changes were brought about by political changes in the public sphere, and changes in radio and television (shift to the commercial model of broadcasting). In the late present-day period changes must be also influenced by global (Western) trends of media development.
How do emigrants perceive changes in their L1: influence of sociolinguistic factors
Authors: Vilkienė Loreta
Published: June 2020

The paper aims at providing insights into sociolinguistic factors which affect the understanding of the first-generation emigrants that their L1 is different (or not) from Lithuanian used in Lithuania. The data for the analysis comes from the project The Language of Emigrants (2011-2013, coordinator Meilutė Ramonienė, funded by The State Commission of the Lithuanian Language). The data from the surveys were analysed using SPSS (version 20). Answers to the target questions of 1,491 first-generation emigrants were analysed. As the assumption was that the perception of change in one’s L1 can be a reflection of the L1 attrition of that individual, seven factors that could play a role in this change based on the previous studies were chosen for the analysis. The analysis revealed that five factors played a role in the perception of change of one’s L1:1. The length of the stay abroad: the longer the respondents lived abroad, the higher percentage of the respondents claimed that their L1 was different from the Lithuanian language used in Lithuania.2. The age of the respondents: older respondents more frequently thought that their L1 had changed.3. Gender: fewer men perceived their L1 as different. Also, the interplay between gender and occupation was important.4. Contact with the L1 in the country of residence: the general use of L1 in the country of residence played a role in the perceptions, especially the use of L1 at home.5. Ethnic identity: respondents who strongly identified themselves as Lithuanians perceived the difference of their language.The answer to the question which factors were the most important for perceiving the change in one’s L1 can be informative for answering the question what influences a faster or slower loss of L1 when living in emigration; however, to answer this question, analysis of actual language performance of the emigrants would be necessary.It has to be acknowledged that some of the analysed subgroups were rather small; therefore, insights about them should be tested on a larger number of respondents. Also, a limitation of this study is the fact that during the project The Language of Emigrants, emigrants who intentionally had cut the ties with Lithuania were not contacted; therefore, the data does not reflect their attitudes and their perception about their language change. It has to be noted that all the insights only concern the respondents of the participants in The Language of Emigrants project.
The Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian as a Research Source of Natural Usage
Authors: Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė Laura
Published: June 2020

The article describes the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, its structure, compilation stages (collection of the recordings, transcription, and grammatical annotation), and the methodology of data collection and digitalization; in addition, it discusses the possibilities of corpus application in the research of natural language usage and the research, which has already been carried out, using the corpus data.

At present (2017), the corpus, which is freely accessible for internet users, contains 226,174 word forms. The users of the online corpus version can perform search of a word or a word form and obtain data on the frequency of the form in the whole corpus or its part as well as see grammatical information about it.

In 2016-2017, the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian was supplemented by new data resulting from the implementation of the project “Contemporary Spoken Lithuanian: A Corpus-based Analysis of Grammar and Lexis” (LIP-085/2016) financed by the Research Council of Lithuania under the programme of the State Lithuanian Studies and Dissemination Programme for 2016–2024. The project will also create a new internet access, which will provide more possibilities for the users. The updated corpus consists of 256 conversations (383,587 words) produced by 1,086 speakers (659 females and 427 males), whose age ranges from 3 to 81 years. When developing the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, much attention was paid to its composition, i.e. the proportions of the corpus. In order to improve the universality and suitability of the corpus for a more varied analysis, the principle of a balanced corpus was maintained; therefore, several criteria were taken into consideration when collecting the data: the nature of spoken language (private vs public speech) and structure (dialogues vs polilogues), different communication situations (direct vs indirect (e.g. a telephone conversation), demographic indicators, and social relations among the interlocutors. Therefore, in 2018, users of the updated version of the corpus will be able to filter results according to different categories, such as gender, age, place and structure of the conversation, and perform a more detailed search. It is expected that when the users are provided with more possibilities to analyse corpus data on the internet, the amount of spoken language research will increase comprising different areas of lexis and grammar.
Briser les barrières ou enseigner-apprendre le FLE par le jeu théâtral
Authors: Munteanu Emilia
Published: June 2020

A l’ère de la mondialisation, l’accès illimité à l’information modifie de plus en plus le rapport des jeunes gens mais surtout la vision des adultes du troisième âge à l’égard des barrières de l’apprentissage. De nos jours, de nombreuses institutions d’enseignement et des ONG proposent aux derniers une large panoplie d’activités dans le but de leur faire acquérir de nouvelles compétences et capacités linguistiques, culturelles, techniques, artistiques, etc. En tant que formateurs en FLE, nous avons cherché à briser les barrières qui séparent les générations et à favoriser la communication entre adultes au-delà des frontières géographiques, culturelles, linguistiques à travers un projet européen PLALE. Réunies autour du coordinateur italien de Pavie, cinq autres institutions partenaires se sont proposé de partager leur expérience dans l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues par le jeu théâtral. Pendant deux années, des professionnels et des apprentis de la langue provenant du système formel universitaire se sont servis de leurs compétences didactiques et de leur expérience liée à l’emploi du jeu théâtral pour transformer le contexte non formel de l’Ecole populaire d’arts et de métiers de Bacau en Roumanie en un laboratoire pour l’expérimentation de nouvelles techniques et méthodes d’acquisition par les adultes des connaissances en L2.  Le déroulement du projet et la création d’un spectacle théâtral joué à Bacau par les apprenants par les apprenants adultes des six partenaires nous ont permis de faire l’apprentissage d’une pédagogie vivante mais aussi de l’andragogie et de prendre conscience du rôle des relations intergénérationnelles pour assurer la santé de la société actuelle.

Breaking barriers, or teaching and learning French by playing drama

In the era of globalization, due to unlimited access to information, the relationship and the attitude among the young people have increasingly modified. In addition, the adult’s point of view regarding traditional limits of learning has also changed. Nowadays, more and more institutions of teaching and NGOs are proposing to them a variety of activities which offer them a possibility to develop not only their computer skills but also linguistic, artistic and cultural abilities. As foreign language teachers, we have tried to create a connection between generations, so as to ease the communication between adults which would not have been possible without the existence of a European project. Entitled PLALE or Playing for Learning, it integrates five partners from France, Spain, Portugal, Germany and Romania coordinated by an Italian specialist from Pavia. The specialists’ purpose is to share their experience in the field of foreign language teaching and learning through drama.

Key words: European project; pedagogy; andragogy; language teaching and learning; theatre performance; relations between generations.
First steps towards the Lithuanian word association database
Authors: Vilkaitė-Lozdienė Laura
Published: June 2020

This paper introduces the first version of the Lithuanian database of free association norms. This is an attempt to provide an open-access resource, which would be helpful for psycholinguists, linguists, computational linguists, and students. This version of the database includes 277 cue word forms. The responses were collected from 304 participants. In total 15,612 association pairs were recorded. The paper presents the procedure of collecting free associations and additional data available for researchers. It also provides a list of all cue words with their five most frequent associates and some summary statistics.
Social engineers and myth-busters: A comparative research on Lithuanian, Norwegian and Serbian language experts
Authors: Vukotić Vuk
Published: June 2020

This article compares the language ideologies of language experts (both academic and non-academic) in online news media in Lithuania, Norway and Serbia. The results will reveal that language is understood in diametrically opposed ways amongst Lithuanian and Serbian academic experts on the one, and Norwegian academic experts on the other hand. Lithuanian and Serbian academic experts are influenced by modernist ideas of language as a single, homogenous entity, whose borders ideally match the borders of an ethnic group. Norwegian academic experts function in the public sphere as those who try to deconstruct the modernist notion of language by employing an understanding of language as a cognitive tool that performs communicative and other functions. On the other hand, non-academic experts in all the three countries exhibit a striking similarity in their language ideologies, as the great majority expresses modernist ideals of language.
Reduction in Resources and Cost for Gastroenteritis Through Implementation of Dehydration Pathway
Authors: Creedon Jessica K. , Eisenberg Matthew , Monuteaux Michael C. , Samnaliev Mihail , Levy Jason
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Management decisions for patients with gastroenteritis affect resource use within pediatric emergency departments (EDs), and algorithmic care using evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) has become widespread. We aimed to determine if the implementation of a dehydration EBG in a pediatric ED resulted in a reduction in intravenous (IV) fluid administration and the cost of care.

METHODS:

In a single-center quality improvement initiative between 2010 and 2016, investigators aimed to decrease the percentage of patients with gastroenteritis who were rehydrated with IV fluids. The EBG assigned the patient a dehydration score with subsequent rehydration strategy on the basis of presenting signs and symptoms. The primary outcome was proportion of patients receiving IV fluid, which was analyzed using statistical process control methods. The secondary outcome was cost of the episode of care. Balancing measures included ED length of stay, admission rate, and return visit rate within 72 hours.

RESULTS:

A total of 7145 patients met inclusion criteria with a median age of 17 months. Use of IV fluid decreased from a mean of 15% to 9% postimplementation. Average episode of care–related health care costs decreased from $599 to $410. For our balancing measures, there were improvements in ED length of stay, rate of admission, and rate of return visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of an EBG for patients with gastroenteritis led to a decrease in frequency of IV administration, shorter lengths of stay, and lower health care costs.
Транспозиційні можливості грамеми минулого часу в аспекті вираження оцінних значень: психолінгвістичні особливості
Authors: Халіман Оксана
Published: June 2020

The present paper analyses the transpositional possibilities of the past time grammeme in the aspect of estimative expressions. The mechanisms of modelling grammatical igreme for the expression of evaluative meanings which are generated on the basis of figurative actualization of the grammatical meaning of the past time and the psycholinguistic features of the figurative use of the past time forms are highlighted.

The temporal sign of the form comes into conflict with the temporal sign of the con- text, which provides a metaphor for the grammatical meaning of time, the actualization of the secondary function, obtaining estimative expressions and the expression of a certain pragmatics. It is also important to use a kind of intonation design and inversion word order (in some models) to express irony.

The use of time forms both literally and figuratively is based on psychological fea- tures of their perception and associative nuances associated with the specifics of the past, present, and future. In particular, by nominating future events in the form of the past tense, the person puts a hypothetical, upcoming event as a precedent in line with other events of his experience, thereby finds grounds to evaluate it by making appropriate comparisons.

The first model (Боявся я її / Так я їй і сказав): an ironic statement of action means that, in fact, according to the speaker, it will never happen, or it is unacceptable, thus it is accompanied by a negative evaluation.

The second model (Ну, приїхала я туди, а потім що?): in answers, comments on a call to action the speaker, predicting his, in his own opinion, inappropriate behaviour, uses the past tense for its negative evaluation, also using specific intonation for expressing irony. The third model (А потім йому швидко кубики почепили…): the use of the past per- fect tense form to indicate future facts often creates a negative connotation that expresses an appropriate attitude to the unnaturally rapid development of events and implies poor performance, inappropriateness of actions, mismatch to certain individuals. In contrast to the previous model, there is no meaning of condition in this one since the speaker considers the future action as having already taken place and thus evaluates it. The statement is char- acterized by a specific intonation, which expresses claims for the action, dissatisfaction with the possible course of events.

The fourth model (Ми попали!): a situation in which the past tense verb form is used in the meaning of the future poses a danger, a threat to the speaker, which explains the appearance of a negative evaluation. Future dangerous action is shown as accomplished, which gives grounds for evaluating the fact on the basis of comparison with similar actions in the experience of the speaker.
Язык современного Киева как феномен в славянском мире (по результатам социолингвистических исследований)
Authors: Хмелевский М. С. , Раина О. В. , Бодрова А. Г.
Published: June 2020

The current linguistic situation of the Kievan conglomeration which has evolved over the course of several centuries presents itself as a unique subject for linguistic description and study, differing substantially from analogous examples elsewhere in the Slavic world. This paper discusses the sociolinguistic multicodality of the present-day Kievan urban dialect with concrete illustrated examples from actual non-staged speech found in Ukraine’s capi- tal. We have also included an analysis of the possibilities for such switching (as well as a description of the communicative situations that are linked with this phenomenon). The language is complicated by many other factors, including geographical, ethnic, cultural, socio-political, and historical, as well as the degree of national identity of native speakers and regional heterogeneity. It is often said that there are not two (Left- and Right-Bank Ukraine), even not twenty-two, but rather two hundred twenty-two Ukraines.

It is hardly possible to give a completely accurate assessment of the real language situ- ation in contemporary Kiev, for any statistical data, official proclamations, or linguistic ap- proaches to the interpretation of modern “language reality” mostly have no more than an evaluative character, which is caused by a number of extralinguistic factors and modern political and ideological challenges that have nothing to do with the real language situation.

The complexity of the description of the modern Ukrainian language situation is that it is impossible to talk with certainty about any universals and make unambiguous conclu- sions regarding the entire Ukrainian ethnic area as a whole. The territory of modern Ukraine (and Kiev) is a many-sided palette with linguistic, cultural, religious, historical, and ethno- graphic points of view. Historically, the modern Ukrainian territories belonged to different countries, empires, political and religious spheres of influence, which is one of the primary reasons why Ukrainians are heterogeneous in their mentality, degree of national self-iden- tity and, as a result, in any given choice of a particular language code for everyday com- munication, due to both regional identity and the various historical pasts of the east and west of Ukraine, geographical location, i.e. the proximity to Russian and European culture.
Славянские устойчивые сравнения с персонажами Библии в диалектах
Authors: Кузнецова И. В.
Published: June 2020

The present paper deals with the functioning of phraseological comparative constructions with biblical characters in dialects of East, West, and South Slavic languages. The charac- ters of the Holy Scripture include not only the nameless and named heroes of the Bible but also the Creator himself as well as supernatural beings that serve or oppose the Creator. The description involves comparative phraseological units with an adjective that derives from a character of the Bible. Most of the analyzed Slavic dialectal phraseological units are fixed in dictionaries.

The description of comparative phraseological units (if possible) is carried out from the positions of structural and semantic modelling, which allows to identify the lexical variation of components in the dialects of the same language or in various languages. In some cases, the paper includes areal characteristics of comparative constructions. For this purpose, the author shows their parallels in other linguistic and dialect regions. As a result, the paper reveals both structural and semantic biblical universals and phraseological units with national specificity, i.e. similes that have no equivalents (literary or non-Slavic). There are units that are specific for some regions, for example, phraseological units containing microtoponyms such as geographical objects that are not widely known. The national and regional identity is manifested both at the level of figurative basis and at the level of non- equivalent comparativism since some subjects can be active in one language, while they are peripheral or lacunary in another one.

In some cases, phraseological units are provided with cultural, historical, and etymol- ogical comments which reveal not only the biblical and religious roots but also reflect the ancient mythological representations of the Slavs. The author gives an explanation to the meaning of similes and their components.

The Old and New Testaments are a common element of the spiritual culture of Chris- tians so the comparison reveals the similarity and repetition of comparative units, directly or indirectly related to the names of the characters of the Bible, or structural and semantic models in a particular area. At the same time, the phraseological units genetically ascending to the Bible show a quite large differentiation, demonstrating the peculiarity of the recep- tion of biblical images by the Slavs, the unequal interest in them. Although the very name of the biblical character is often international, set similes containing it are not always the same. This is usually the case for pseudo-biblical phraseological units that have no direct links to the character of the Bible; they are usually inherent in folk speech and are often jokingly ironic. This is particularly evident in dialects.
Development and validation of HPLC-UV method for the quantitative analysis of carcinogenic organic impurities and its isomers in the sodium polystyrene sulfonate polymer
Authors: Zinjad Pushpavati , Gondhale Priyanka , Kulkarni Shrikant , Musmade Bhaskar , Bhope Shrinivas , Padmanabhan Sriram
Published: June 2020

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) powder is in use for over 50 years for the treatment of hyperkalemia. SPS powder is official in United States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia and European Pharmacopoeia. However, till date, no study has been published on the assessment of organic impurities for this drug. The organic impurities in bulk drug and finished product are associated with their safety, efficacy and stability. A simple, rapid, specific, precise and an accurate HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of toxic organic impurities like styrene, naphthalene, divinyl benzene (DVB) and ethylvinyl benzene (EVB) from SPS bulk drug and finished product. The developed method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), solution stability, ruggedness and robustness. The influence of acid, alkali, oxidative stress, photolytic stress, thermal stress and humidity stress conditions on SPS bulk powder and finished product has been studied and reported. The proposed method can be successfully employed for the impurity testing of commercial batches of the bulk drug and finished products of both sodium salt and calcium salt of polystyrene sulfonate.
Crónica de Derecho Canónico 2019
Authors: Sedano Joaquín
Published: June 2020

Se da noticia de los principales documentos y actos jurídicos dados en el año 2019 por el Romano Pontífice y los distintos dicasterios de la curia romana, así como de los acuerdos internacionales suscritos por la Santa Sede. También se hace referencia a la actividad canónica en el ámbito de la Conferencia Episcopal Española.
Renomedullary Interstitial Cell Endothelin A Receptors Regulate BP and Renal Function
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Lakshmipathi Jayalakshmi , Stuart Deborah , Peti-Peterdi Janos , Gyarmati Georgina , Hao Chuan-Ming , Hansell Peter , Kohan Donald E.
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement

The functional significance of renomedullary interstitial cells, which are uniquely and abundantly expressed in the renal inner medulla, is largely unknown. In vitro studies have demonstrated that endothelin A receptors regulate multiple aspects of renomedullary interstitial cell function. Using a novel mouse model with inducible renomedullary interstitial cell–specific endothelin A receptor gene targeting, the authors found that compared with control mice, mice lacking endothelin A receptors in renomedullary interstitial cells exhibited reduced BP, enhanced natriuresis and diuresis, increased endogenous natriuretic and diuretic factor production, and reduced medullary transporter expression. These studies identify a role for renomedullary interstitial cells in vivo in regulating renal function under physiologic conditions.

Background

The physiologic role of renomedullary interstitial cells, which are uniquely and abundantly found in the renal inner medulla, is largely unknown. Endothelin A receptors regulate multiple aspects of renomedullary interstitial cell function in vitro.

Methods

To assess the effect of targeting renomedullary interstitial cell endothelin A receptors in vivo, we generated a mouse knockout model with inducible disruption of renomedullary interstitial cell endothelin A receptors at 3 months of age.

Results

BP and renal function were similar between endothelin A receptor knockout and control mice during normal and reduced sodium or water intake. In contrast, on a high-salt diet, compared with control mice, the knockout mice had reduced BP; increased urinary sodium, potassium, water, and endothelin-1 excretion; increased urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion associated with increased noncollecting duct nitric oxide synthase-1 expression; increased PGE2 excretion associated with increased collecting duct cyclooxygenase-1 expression; and reduced inner medullary epithelial sodium channel expression. Water-loaded endothelin A receptor knockout mice, compared with control mice, had markedly enhanced urine volume and reduced urine osmolality associated with increased urinary endothelin-1 and PGE2 excretion, increased cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression, and decreased inner medullary aquaporin-2 protein content. No evidence of endothelin-1–induced renomedullary interstitial cell contraction was observed.

Conclusions

Disruption of renomedullary interstitial cell endothelin A receptors reduces BP and increases salt and water excretion associated with enhanced production of intrinsic renal natriuretic and diuretic factors. These studies indicate that renomedullary interstitial cells can modulate BP and renal function under physiologic conditions.
Analysis of the Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer Tumors in Younger Women
Authors: BADEMCİ Refik , EROGLU Ersan , AKAN Arzu
Published: June 2020

The incidence of breast cancer detected at a young age
is increasing in the modern age and mortality is also observed to be high in
these types of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical,
histopathological and operative characteristics of breast cancer patients under
40 years of age.Materials
and MethodsIn this
study, clinicopathologic and operative characteristics of patients under the
age of 40, who were diagnosed with breast cancer between the years of 2013 and
2017, were evaluated.ResultsWe identified
103 patients for the study. The mean age was determined to be 35.4 (3.8). 13.4%
of our patients were observed to be at Stage 1, 57.2% were at stage 2, 22.3% were
at stage 3, and 6.7% were found to have Stage 4 Cancer due to distant
metastasis at the time of the diagnosis. 22.3% were identified as T1, 48.5% as T2,
23.3% as T3, and 2.9% were identified as T4. The mean diameter of the tumors
was 2.1 cm (± 1.3). It was determined that 37.8% were luminal A, 35.9% were luminal
B, 20.3% were triple negative and HER 2 positivity was found to be 21.3%.
Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 55.3% of the patients and segmental
mastectomy was performed in 39.8% of the patients. 76 (73.7%) patients were
found to have metastasis in their axillary lymph nodes.Conclusion

We think it
is useful to evaluate and treat breast cancer patients diagnosed at young age
as a special patient group and thus we recommend determining the treatment
protocols accordingly.
ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE DIŞ TİCARET AÇIKLIĞININ CO2 EMİSYONU ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: ARDL SINIR TESTİ
Authors: YILMAZ Murat , DİLBER İlkay
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, 1970-2014 yılları arasında Türkiye’de elektrik tüketiminin, büyümenin ve dış ticaret açıklığının CO2 emisyonu üzerine etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Ekonometrik yöntem olarak ARDL (Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif Model) sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonuçları incelendiğinde, elektrik tüketimindeki, GSYH’deki ve dış ticaret açıklığındaki %1’lik artışlar karbondioksit emisyonunu sırasıyla, %0.15, %0.60, %0.17 oranında artırmaktadır. Hata düzeltme katsayı değeri ise negatif işaretli ve istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Değişkenlerin karbondioksit emisyonu üzerine etkileri, Türkiye’de çevre kirliliği konusunda alınacak tedbirlerin zorunlu hale geldiğini açıkça göstermektedir.
BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN STEM EĞİTİMİ
Authors: KARADEMİR COŞKUN Tugra , ALAKURT Turgay , YILMAZ Burcu
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada STEM eğitiminin okullar da yaygınlaştırılması sürecinin önemli bir paydaşı olduğu düşünülen Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin STEM konusundaki görüşleri dört farklı boyutta belirlenmiştir. Bu boyutlar günümüzdeki STEM eğitimi uygulamalarının güçlü yönleri, eksikleri, STEM’in uygulanması ve sürdürülebilirliğinde paydaşlara düşen görevler ve STEM eğitiminin uygulanması önündeki tehditlerdir. Araştırma ulusal bir toplantı için bir araya gelen otuz dört ilden seksen sekiz Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmeninin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fenomenoloji deseninden yararlanılarak planlanan araştırmanın verileri yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla odak grup görüşmesi yolu ile toplanmıştır. Odak grup görüşmesi sürecinde görüşmeler ses kaydına ve duygu ifadeleri ise bir raportör tarafından kayıt altına alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler güçlü yanlar, zayıf yanlar, fırsatlar ve tehditler olmak üzere dört ana tema altında içerik analizine tabii tutulmuştur. Bu çalışma okullarda STEM eğitiminin uygulanabilirliği, etkililiği ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması yönünde önemli bir paydaş olan Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin STEM eğitimi konusundaki konumunu belirleme ve ilerleyen dönemlere yönelik stratejik bir yol haritası çizme açısından önem taşımaktadır.
ORTAÖĞRETİM KURUMLARINDA GÖREV YAPAN ÖĞRETMENLERİN A TİPİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TÜKENMİŞLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE GENEL SİNİZMİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: CEYHAN Sefa , ÇİÇEK Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

Bireylerin kişilik özellikleri, onların hangi durumlarda nasıl tepki göstereceği hakkında bilgi sağlamaktadır. Bu bilgi sayesinde tükenmişlik ve sinizm gibi olguların oluşmadan engellenmesinin mümkün olduğu ifade edilebilir. Dolayısıyla emek yoğun hizmet sunan öğretmenlerin kişilik özelliklerinin tespit edilmesinin bu noktada önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Bu önem doğrultusunda nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilen bu araştırmada, ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin A tipi kişilik özelliklerinin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisinde genel sinizmin aracı rolünü belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma amacı kapsamında Denizli ilindeki resmi okullarda görev yapan 242 öğretmenden 2018 ve 2019 eğitim öğretim yılında yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Söz konusu veriler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu belirlenmiş, A tipi kişilik özelliklerinin tükenmişlik ve sinizm üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca A tipi kişilik özelliklerinin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisinde genel sinizmin yüksek düzeyde kısmi aracı role sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
“9. SINIF LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNE YÖNELİK OKUL DIŞI ORTAMDA GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN AĞAÇBİLİM EĞİTİMİ” PROJESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU Doç.dr.pınar , MERCAN Gamze , PEHLİVANOĞLU Esma
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, “9. Sınıf Lise Öğrencilerine Yönelik Ağaçbilim Eğitimi” projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilen ağaç eğitimlerinin çevre bilincine, ağaç tanıma düzeylerine ve tutumlarına etkilerinin belirlenmesidirAraştırmanın çalışma grubunu 08-11 Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen ağaçbilim eğitimi projesine katılan 50 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, “Ağaç ve Çevre Tutum” ölçeği, proje uygulama alanına yönelik alan uzmanlarının görüşleri alınarak geliştirilmiş Ütopya Verilen Ağacı Tanı (ÜVAT) Testi ve ağaçbilim eğitimi ile ilgili yarı yapılandırılmış dokuz açık uçlu sorudan oluşan görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma statik grup ön test- son test desene uygun olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde, karma yöntem araştırma desenlerinden eş zamanlı (çeşitleme, birleşik) desen kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, araştırmada elde edilen nicel bulgular nitel bulgularla derinlemesine değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS 23 Paket Programı ile nitel veriler ise, MAXQDA 2018 Programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre ağaçbilim eğitimi projesinin lise öğrencilerinin çevre bilincine ve ağaç tanıma düzeylerine pozitif yönde ve önemli ölçüde etki ettiği belirlenmiştir.
OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ FEN EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK ÖZ-YETERLİKLERİ İLE BAŞARI AMAÇ ORYANTASYONLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN BAZI DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BULDUR Aycan , ALİSİNANOĞLU Fatma
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının fen eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterlik düzeyleri ve başarı amaç oryantasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi ve başarı amaç oryantasyonlarının cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinin esas alındığı çalışma 412 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Okul Öncesinde Fen Eğitimine Yönelik Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği” ve "Başarı Amaç Oryantasyonları Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde korelasyon analizi, ilişkisiz örneklemler için t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının fen eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterlikleri ile öğrenme amaç oryantasyonunu tercih etme düzeyleri arasında pozitif ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Performans-yaklaşma ve performans-kaçınma amaç oryantasyonunu tercih etme düzeyleri ile fen eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterlikleri arasında ise pozitif ve düşük düzeyde ilişkiler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların benimsedikleri başarı amaç oryantasyonlarının sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Cinsiyet açısından ise sadece öğrenme amaç oryantasyonunda erkek öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MESLEKİ EĞİTİMİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULLARI BOYUTU
Authors: KAYSİ Feyzi
Published: June 2020

Türkiye’de yükseköğretim kademesindeki mesleki eğitimin önemli bir kısmı meslek yüksekokulları bünyesinde gerçekleşmektedir. Bu kurumların sayısı günümüzde bini aşmıştır. Bu kurumlardaki öğrenci kontenjanları yükseköğretimdeki kademesindeki öğrencilerin önemli bir kısmına da denk gelmektedir. Meslek yüksekokul bünyesindeki mesleki eğitim, öğrencilerin mesleki becerilerinin beklenen düzeyde olmasını sağlamalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, meslek yüksekokulu paydaşları arasında yer alan öğretim elemanı, öğrenci ve program mezunlarının bakış açısıyla mesleki eğitimi değerlendirmektir. Çalışma nitel yöntemle yürütülmüş ve durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları beş öğretim elemanı, beş öğrenci ve beş mezun olmak üzere toplam 15 kişidir. Bu katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmeler, ses kayıt cihazıyla kaydedilmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları arasında; ülkenin ihtiyaçlarına yön verecek şekilde meslek yüksekokulu kurumlarının belirtilen alanlarda sınıflanması ihtiyacı dile getirilmiştir. Mesleki eğitimin sürdürülmesinde en önemli rolün öğretim elemanlarında olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu konuda öğretim elemanlarının kişisel gayretlerinin ön plana çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan mesleki uygulamaların sayı ve nitelik açısından zayıf olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, bazı öğrencilerin derslere karşı ilgisiz oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır.
BİLİM VE SANAT MERKEZİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PROJE KAVRAMINA İLİŞKİN METAFORİK ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: NACAROĞLU Oğuzhan , MUTLU Fatma
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada, Malatya Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde öğrenim gören özel yetenekli öğrencilerin “proje” kavramına ilişkin algılarını metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yönteminden fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde öğrenim gören ve proje çalışmalarına katılmış 93 özel yetenekli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, öğrencilerin “Proje …gibidir. Çünkü…” ifadelerine verdikleri cevaplara göre toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde elde edilen metaforlar, kategoriler şeklinde ifade edilmiş olup toplam dokuz kavramsal kategori oluşturulmuştur. Öğrenci metaforlarının en çok “Üreten ve yol gösteren” (%28,7) kavramsal kategorisi altında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle öğrencilerin, projelerin yol gösterici ve üretime dayalı özelliğini ön plana çıkardıkları görülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin geliştirdikleri metaforlar ve gerekçeleri incelendiğinde; proje kavramına ilişkin olumlu düşüncelere sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte bazı öğrencilerin “Belirsizlik ve faydasızlık” (%4,5) kategorisinde proje hakkında fikir sahibi olmadıkları, hatta projelerin gereksiz ve faydasız olduğu algısına sahip oldukları da tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde yürütülen proje çalışmalarının amacı, önemi ve içeriğinin belli dönemlerde bu alanda uzman kişiler tarafından öğrencilere aktarılması önerilmektedir.
OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MATEMATİKSEL GELİŞİM BİLGİLERİ, MATEMATİĞE YÖNELİK KAYGILARI VE İNANÇLARI İLE ÇOCUKLARIN ERKEN MATEMATİK YETENEKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: GÜNDOĞAN Nihal , ASLAN Durmuş
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma, okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin matematiksel gelişim bilgileri, matematiğe yönelik kaygıları ve matematik inançları ile çocukların erken matematik yetenekleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi, Hatay ili merkez ilçelerinde görev yapmakta olan 30 okul öncesi öğretmeni ve söz konusu öğretmenlerin sınıflarında bulunan 300 çocuktan meydana gelmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Öğretmen ve Çocuk Genel Bilgi Formları, Matematiksel Gelişim Bilgisi Anketi (The Knowledge of Mathematical Development Survey), Matematik Kaygı Ölçeği (Math Anxiety Scale- Revised), İnanç Ölçeği (Beliefs Survey) ve Erken Matematik Yeteneği Testi-3 [The Test of Early Mathematics Ability-Third Edition (TEMA-3)] kullanılmıştır. Ölçme araçları öğretmenlere ve çocuklara araştırmacı tarafından bireysel olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenlerin Matematiksel Gelişim Bilgisi Anketi ve Matematik İnanç Ölçeği puanları ile çocukların Erken Matematik Yeteneği Testi-3'ten aldıkları puanlar arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, öğretmenlerin Matematik Kaygı Ölçeği puanları ile çocukların Erken Matematik Yeteneği Testi-3 (TEMA-3)’ten aldıkları puanlar arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.