bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Q optical resonances with robustness based on the quasi-guided modes in waveguide moiré gratings
Authors: Wang Guangdong , Maqbool Esha , Han Zhanghua
Published: January 2024

High-Q resonances, especially those with high spectral tunability and large robustness of the Q factors, are always sought in photonic research for enhanced light-matter interactions. In this work, by rotating the 1D ridge grating on a slab waveguide in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions by a certain angle θ, we show that the original subwavelength lattice can be converted into waveguide moiré gratings (WMGs), with the period increased to a larger value determined by the value of θ. These period-increasing perturbations will cause the First Brillouin Zone (FBZ) of the 1D grating to shrink, and thus convert the non-radiating guided modes with the dispersion band below the light line into quasi-guided modes (QGMs) above the light line, which can be accessed by free space radiations. We present the numerically calculated dispersion band and the Q-values for the QGMs supported by the WMGs with θ = 60°, and demonstrate that high-Q resonances can be achieved in a wide region of the energy-momentum space with the Q-values exhibiting large robustness over wavevectors. As an example of application, we show that the QGMs in the WMGs can be exploited to produce quite high optical gradient forces at different wavenumbers or wavelengths. Our results show that the QGMs supported by the WMGs work as a new type of high-Q resonances and may find prospective applications in various photonic systems.
Inverse-designed silicon nitride reflectors
Authors: Pita Julian , Nabki Frederic , Ménard Michaël
Published: January 2024

Reflectors play a pivotal role in silicon photonics since they are used in a wide range of applications, including attenuators, filters, and lasers. This Letter presents six silicon nitride reflectors implemented using the inverse design technique. They vary in footprint, ranging from 4 µm × 3 µm to 4 µm × 8 µm. The smaller device has an average simulated reflectivity of −1.5 dB, whereas the larger one exhibits an average reflectivity of −0.09 dB within the 1530 to 1625 nm range. The latter also presents a 1-dB bandwidth of 172 nm, spanning from 1508 to 1680 nm. Despite their resemblance to circular gratings, these devices are more intricate and compact, particularly due to their non-intuitive features near the input waveguide, which include rough holes and teeth. The roughness of these features significantly contributes to the performance of the devices. The reflectors were fabricated on a silicon nitride multi-project wafer (MPW) through a streamlined process involving only a single etching step. The 4 µm × 8 µm reflector demonstrates a remarkably high reflectivity of −0.26±0.11 dB across the 1530 to 1600 nm range, rendering it suitable for high-quality factor cavities with direct applications in lasers and optical communications.
Low-phase-noise microwave generation with a free-running dual-pumped Si3N4 soliton microcomb
Authors: Liu Rongwei , Zhang Chenbo , Li Yankun , Li Xinglong , Lin Jingjing , He Bibo , Chen Zhangyuan , Xie Xiaopeng
Published: January 2024

Microwave signals can be generated by photodetecting the repetition frequencies of the soliton microcombs. In comparison to other methods, the dual-pumped method allows for the stable generation of the soliton microcombs even with resonators having lower Q-factors. However, introducing an additional pump laser may affect the phase noise of the generated microwave signals when using these dual-pumped soliton microcombs. Here, we investigate the factors that could influence the phase noise of microwave signals generated with dual-pumped soliton microcombs, including the polarization, amplitude noise, and phase noise of the two pumps. We demonstrate a 25.25 (12.63) GHz microwave with phase noise reaching −112(−118) dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency, surpassing the performance of previous reports on microwave generation using free-running Si3N4 soliton microcombs, even those generated with higher Q microresonators. We analyze the noise floor of the generated microwave signals and establish a phase noise simulation model to study the limiting factors in our system. Our work highlights the potential of generating low-phase-noise microwave signals using free-running dual-pumped soliton microcombs.
Nonreciprocal magnon blockade via the Barnett effect
Authors: Huang Kai-Wei , Wang Xin , Qiu Qing-Yang , Xiong Hao
Published: January 2024

We propose a scheme to achieve nonreciprocal magnon blockade via the Barnett effect in a magnon-based hybrid system. Due to the rotating yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, the Barnett shift induced by the Barnett effect can be tuned from positive to negative via controlling magnetic field direction, leading to nonreciprocity. We show that a nonreciprocal unconventional magnon blockade (UMB) can emerge only from one magnetic field direction but not from the other side. Particularly, by further tuning system parameters, we simultaneously observe a nonreciprocal conventional magnon blockade (CMB) and a nonreciprocal UMB. This result achieves a switch between efficiency (UMB) and purity (CMB) of a single-magnon blockade. Interestingly, stronger UMB can be reached under stronger qubit-magnon coupling, even the strong coupling regime. Moreover, the nonreciprocity of the magnon blockade is sensitive to temperature. This work opens up a way for achieving quantum nonreciprocal magnetic devices and chiral magnon communications.
Two-stage look-up-table-based 16QAM vector millimeter-wave signal generation and reception
Authors: Zhao Lun , Wang Jing , Liu Yejun , Wu Junxian , Song Song , Wu Tingwei , Guo Lei
Published: January 2024

We propose a two-stage look-up table (LUT) scheme for a photonic 16 quadrature-amplitude-modulation (QAM) millimeter-wave (MMW) communication system. The first-stage LUT is used at the transmitter, which can eliminate complex computational processes and adaptively adjust the precoded amplitude values to achieve optimal performance without being affected by half-wave voltage variations. We have completed a signal transmission below the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 at the baud rate of 2/4 GBaud for weak turbulence and 2 GBaud for medium turbulence free-space optics (FSO) channel transmission. The second-stage LUT is used for post-compensation at the receiver as a nonlinear scheme that records the average pattern-related distortion of the channel and mitigates transmission impairment through nonlinear post-compensation. With the help of the second-stage LUT, the sensitivity of the optical receiver is improved by 0.15 dB at a baud rate of 2 GBaud for medium turbulence FSO channel transmission. As the baud rate increases to 4 GBaud, the system’s bit error ratio (BER) can reach the soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold of 4.2 × 10−2 only after applying the second-stage LUT.
Single femtosecond pulse writing of a bifocal lens
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Lei , Cao Xiao-Wen , Jiang Shu , Yu Yan-Hao , Xu Wei-Wei , Juodkazis Saulius , Chen Qi-Dai
Published: January 2024

In this Letter, a method for the fabrication of bifocal lenses is presented by combining surface ablation and bulk modification in a single laser exposure followed by the wet etching processing step. The intensity of a single femtosecond laser pulse was modulated axially into two foci with a designed computer-generated hologram (CGH). Such pulse simultaneously induced an ablation region on the surface and a modified volume inside the fused silica. After etching in hydrofluoric acid (HF), the two exposed regions evolved into a bifocal lens. The area ratio (diameter) of the two lenses can be flexibly adjusted via control of the pulse energy distribution through the CGH. Besides, bifocal lenses with a center offset as well as convex lenses were obtained by a replication technique. This method simplifies the fabrication of micro-optical elements and opens a highly efficient and simple pathway for complex optical surfaces and integrated imaging systems.
Rydberg-atom acceleration by circular Airy laser pulses
Authors: Huang Songxin , Wu Ruihuan , Deng Dongmei , Hong Weiyi
Published: January 2024

Circular Airy pulsed beams are introduced to significantly optimize the acceleration of neutral Rydberg atoms. Compared with the conventional pulsed Gaussian beams used in the previous report, the circular Airy structure abruptly self-focuses and subsequently propagates with weak diffraction, resulting in a much higher accelerating efficiency for both radial and longitudinal velocities, as well as a longer accelerating range along the propagation axis. The parameter dependencies of the beams on the acceleration are also analyzed.
Optimum design of aspect ratio limited x-ray zone plates
Authors: Kewish Cameron M. , Gorelick Sergey , Paganin David M. , de Jonge Martin D.
Published: January 2024

Fresnel zone plates are widely used for nanofocusing in x-ray
microscopy. The focusing performance is described in terms of the
resolution, related to the width of the smallest outermost zones, and
the efficiency, governed by the thickness of the zones and therefore
the amount of phase shift imparted onto the x-ray beam. The ratio of
zone thickness to width, or “aspect ratio,” is limited in all methods
of zone plate fabrication, requiring compromises between efficiency
and resolution. We propose a new zone plate design method, which
optimizes focusing efficiency within a set of practical constraints.
This phasor-based method is used to optimize subject to a maximum
aspect ratio the design of binary, multilevel, and kinoform zone
plates. A truncated zone plate profile is proposed, which focuses more
efficiently than binary or kinoform zone plates, with considerably
higher manufacturability. Focused ion beam milling was used to
fabricate the designed lenses in gold, and their relative efficiency
was validated at a synchrotron hard x-ray beamline. Our phasor method
provides rapid design optimization, producing the ultimate lens
designs for a given manufacturing limit, and it is fully generalizable
to incorporate any fabrication tolerances such as roughness, zone
displacements, and zone wall inclination.
Scaled local gate controller for optically addressed qubits
Authors: Zhang Bichen , Peng Pai , Paul Aditya , Thompson Jeff D.
Published: January 2024

Scalable classical controllers are a key component of future fault-tolerant quantum computers. Neutral atom quantum computers leverage commercially available optoelectronic devices for generating large-scale tweezer arrays and performing parallel readout, but implementing massively parallel, locally addressed gate operations is an open challenge. In this work, we demonstrate an optical modulator system based on off-the-shelf components, which can generate a two-dimensional array of over 10,000 focused spots with uniform frequency and amplitude, and switching them on and off individually in arbitrary configurations at rates of up to 43 kHz. Through careful control of aberrations, the modulator achieves an extinction ratio of 46 dB, and nearest-neighbor crosstalk of −44dB with a beam spacing of 4.6 waists. The underlying components can operate at wavelengths from the UV to the NIR, and sustain high laser intensities. This approach is suitable for local addressing of gates with low cross-talk error rates in any optically addressed qubit platform, including neutral atoms, trapped ions, or solid-state atomic defects.
Evaluating the potential impact of rubella-containing vaccine introduction on congenital rubella syndrome in Afghanistan, Dem. Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Pakistan: A mathematical modeling study
Authors: Rodriguez-Cartes Sebastian A. , Zhang Yiwei , Mayorga Maria E. , Swann Julie L. , Allaire Benjamin T.
Published: January 2024

We assessed the potential impact of introducing rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) on congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) incidence in Afghanistan (AFG), Democratic Republic of Congo (COD), Ethiopia (ETH), Nigeria (NGA), and Pakistan (PAK). We simulated several RCV introduction scenarios over 30 years using a validated mathematical model. Our findings indicate that RCV introduction could avert between 86,000 and 535,000 CRS births, preventing 2.5 to 15.8 million disability-adjusted life years. AFG and PAK could reduce about 90% of CRS births by introducing RCV with current measles routine coverage and executing supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). However, COD, NGA, and ETH must increase their current routine vaccination coverage to reduce CRS incidence significantly. This study showcases the potential benefits of RCV introduction and reinforces the need for global action to strengthen immunization programs.
N-bipolar hypersoft sets: Enhancing decision-making algorithms
Authors: Musa Sagvan Y.
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces N-bipolar hypersoft (N-BHS) sets, a versatile extension of bipolar hypersoft (BHS) sets designed to effectively manage evaluations encompassing both binary and non-binary data, thereby exhibiting heightened versatility. The major contributions of this framework are twofold: Firstly, the N-BHS set introduces a parameterized representation of the universe, providing a nuanced and finite granularity in perceiving attributes, thereby distinguishing itself from conventional binary BHS sets and continuous fuzzy BHS sets. Secondly, this model signifies a new area of research aimed at overcoming limitations inherent in the N-bipolar soft set when handling multi-argument approximate functions. Through the strategic partitioning of attributes into distinct subattribute values using disjoint sets, the N-BHS set emerges as a powerful tool for effectively addressing uncertainty-related problems. In pursuit of these objectives, the paper outlines various algebraic definitions, including incomplete N-BHS sets, efficient N-BHS sets, normalized N-BHS sets, equivalence under normalization, N-BHS complements, and BHS sets derived from a threshold, exemplified through illustrative examples. Additionally, the article explores set-theoretic operations within the N-BHS sets framework, such as relative null/whole N-BHS sets, N-BHS subsets, and two distinct approaches to N-BHS extended/restricted union and intersection. Finally, it proposes and compares decision-making methodologies regarding N-BHS sets, including a comprehensive comparison with relevant existing models.
Síndrome de bandas amnióticas: reporte de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: Alfaro Yolima , Rodríguez Luis Fernando , Domínguez María Mercedes , Molineros Gallón Luis Fernando , Pintae Ana Ximena , Portillo-Miño José Dario
Published: January 2024

Introducción: El síndrome de bandas amnióticas es un grupo de anomalías congénitas producidas por anillos fibrosos secundarios a la ruptura temprana del amnios, generando desde constricciones menores y linfedemas hasta anomalías complejas que requieran amputación de extremidades. Reporte de caso: Paciente recién nacida a término con presencia de bandas amnióticas que producen compresión vascular y linfedema a nivel distal de miembro inferior derecho. La angioresonancia reportó linfedema severo con compromiso de pie derecho, posiblemente secundarios a un anillo de constricción, sin malformaciones vasculares. La paciente fue sometida a fasciotomia descompresiva (Plastia en Z) en 2 tiempos con buena respuesta clínica. Conclusiones: En este artículo se hace una revisión de la literatura y se presentan un caso clínico de síndrome de bandas amnióticas manejado de forma quirúrgica con mejoría de linfedema y reconstrucción de miembro inferior derecho.
Diabetes neonatal: reporte de caso y revisión de tema
Authors: Sánchez Pinzón Carlos Andrés , Atencia Herrera Cindy Margarita , Sánchez Tordecilla María Margarita , Hoyos Zapata María del Pilar , Zapata Gelvez Mary Juliana , Vega Padilla Juan David
Published: January 2024

Antecedentes: La diabetes neonatal se define como hiperglicemia persistente que ocurre con mayor frecuencia antes de los seis meses de edad y su incidencia es de 1 caso por cada 90 000 a 160 000 nacimientos. La diabetes neonatal se asocia a variantes patogénicas en un único gen, causando hiperglicemia, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, bajo peso al nacer, alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo y se clasifica en transitoria, permanente o sindrómica. Las insulinas son el tratamiento inicial; sin embargo, las sulfonilureas han demostrado ser eficaces para el control de la hiperglicemia ante etiología originada en los genes KCNJ11 y ABCC8. Las sulfonilureas mejoran la capacidad motora y el neurodesarrollo, principalmente si la enfermedad se relaciona con KCNJ11.  Reporte de caso: Neonato de sexo masculino con diagnóstico de DN por hiperglicemia persistente a las tres semanas del nacimiento, en el que se confirmó la mutación del gen ABCC8. Se encuentra en seguimiento por un grupo multidisciplinar. El tratamiento se caracterizó por el uso de insulina glulisina, insulina glargina y la transición al manejo con sulfonilurea. Se ha logrado el control de la glicemia, sin compromiso en el neurodesarrollo y con un crecimiento satisfactorio en el seguimiento.   Conclusiones: El presente reporte de caso describe el diagnóstico clínico y genético de la DN por mutación del gen ABCC8, donde se puede observar características clínicas propias de la enfermedad como restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, bajo peso al nacer, hiperglicemia que requiere tratamiento con insulinas, la confirmación diagnostica por medio de genética médica y el tratamiento acorde con la transición del uso de insulinas al manejo con sulfonilurea.
Asociación entre altitud y ductus arterioso persistente en recién nacidos prematuros de la red de unidades EpicLatino en el periodo 2015 – 2020.
Authors: Sempertegui Moscoso Rodrigo , Palacios-Berrazueta María Gabriela , Ponce-Jara Francis , Vásconez-Montalvo Andrea , Aguinaga-Romero Fernando , Villegas-Álvarez Carolina , Hoyos Ángela B , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo , Fajardo Carlos , Burbano Ortiz Carlos
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Diversas investigaciones han sido realizadas en Estados Unidos, Europa y Asia respecto al efecto de la altitud sobre el aparato cardiovascular, pero no existen muchos estudios con respecto a Latinoamérica, a pesar de que es una de las regiones con la mayor variación de altitud por los cambios que provoca la Cordillera de los Andes. Por esto, queremos estudiar el efecto que tiene la altitud sobre el nivel del mar, pues se cree que los recién nacidos a mayor altitud tienen un mayor riesgo de persistencia del conducto arterioso que aquellos recién nacidos de menor altitud.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico en el cual se utilizó los registros de la base de datos de EpicLatino en el periodo comprendido entre 2015 a 2020.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 1243 pacientes, 52% fueron de sexo masculino y 48% de sexo femenino. La edad gestacional tiene el factor de riesgo más importante, OR 0.51 (0.02-0.03 IC). 62.2% de las unidades se encontraban a una altitud menor de 2000 metros. La altitud y los años de estudio no modifican el riesgo de acuerdo con regresión logística.
Conclusiones: La aparición de DAP está inversamente relacionada con la edad gestacional, con una incidencia mayor en los prematuros cuanto menor sea la edad gestacional, mientras que la altitud no parece ejercer ningún efecto.
La disforia de género: una vista desde la pediatría
Authors: Díaz Angarita Tomás Felipe , Espinosa Diaz María Paula , Vallejo- Urrego Michael A
Published: January 2024

La disforia de género hace referencia a un desequilibrio entre las estructuras anatómicas y la identidad sexual de un individuo. Esta se ve reflejada en distintos ámbitos tanto de la parte social como de la parte médica. A nivel social, tenemos que empezar diciendo que las personas con disforia cursan con una disconformidad con su sexo biológico, lo que desencadenará diversos problemas a la hora de relacionarse. Problemas para encontrar una pareja estable, problemas de afecto o problemas laborales. A nivel psicológico, los adolescentes se ven cada vez más sometidos a la discriminación, acoso, persecuciones. Sin embargo, se ha podido demostrar que, si se interviene de manera temprana y oportuna, observamos una mejoría en cuanto a los problemas emocionales y conductuales. Adicionalmente, encontraremos la importancia de la diferenciación sexual, comandada por el gen SRY y toda la cascada que desciende de allí. Encontramos entonces distintos síndromes desde el punto de vista genético asociados con disforia de género, por ejemplo, el síndrome de insensibilidad a los andrógenos y una deficiencia de alfa-5-reductasa que explicaremos en este artículo. El tratamiento se debe realizar siempre en compañía de un equipo multidisciplinario; en pacientes preadolescentes podemos encontrar tres enfoques: modelo terapéutico, espera atenta y modelo afirmativo, cuando tenemos el caso de pacientes adolescentes se puede iniciar desde la transición social temprana.
Anisakiasis. Cada vez más emergente debido al consumo de pescado crudo.
Authors: Covilla Varela Melany , Muñoz Leidi Cristina , Esmeral Atehortúa Koretta , Thomen Ojeda Olga , Nader Salgado Fhara , Hernandez Acosta Sebastian , Herrera Maria Jose
Published: January 2024

Antecedentes: la anisakiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica causada por el consumo de pescados o mariscos crudos o poco cocidos infectados con nematodos de los géneros Anisakis, Pseudoterranova y Contracaecum.
Presentación del caso: adolescente masculino de 16 años de edad consultó por dolor agudo en hemi abdomen derecho de características inespecíficas. El examen físico reveló sensibilidad en flancos. El examen de laboratorio evidenció leucocitosis, en tanto que la radiografía simple se evidenció neumoperitoneo. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante biopsia.
Discusión: clínicamente, la anisakiasis puede presentarse como una enfermedad gástrica, intestinal, en otros sistemas o alérgica. El diagnóstico se hace con base en la elaboración del historial alimentario del paciente y la visualización directa de las larvas; el único tratamiento efectivo consiste en su extracción endoscópica.
Conclusión: Siendo la anisakiasis, una entidad rara, es importante conocer las presentaciones clínicas para disminuir los riesgos o complicaciones de los pacientes al realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y realizar un tratamiento integral puede salvar al paciente de riesgo de muerte.
Effective Palliative Treatment of Obstructive Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Nearly 2 Years With Liquid Nitrogen Cryoablation Alone
Authors: Aintabi Daniel , Saliares Ann , Berinstein Elliot , Gunaratnam Naresh
Published: January 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) often presents with debilitating dysphagia, significantly affecting quality of life. In metastatic disease, standard therapy with radiation and chemotherapy is associated with high morbidity. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy offers a minimally invasive intervention for palliation in metastatic esophageal cancers. Although beneficial outcomes have been reported in esophageal adenocarcinoma, few studies have assessed its safety and efficacy as palliation treatment in metastatic ESCC. We present a case using endoscopic liquid nitrogen cryoablation alone as palliative therapy in a patient with obstructive metastatic ESCC resulting in persistent patent esophageal lumen 2 years after initiation of cryotherapy.
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES): Psychometric parameters in Brazil
Authors:   University College Cork, Ireland, de Holanda Coelho Gabriel Lins , Monteiro Renan P. ,   Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil, de Oliveira Santos Layrtthon Carlos ,   Faculdades Integradas de Patos, Brazil, de Carvalho Mendes Luis Augusto ,   Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, Brazil, Veloso Gouveia Valdiney ,   Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil, Nunes da Fonsêca Patrícia ,   Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The study of work engagement is key for better understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead people to feel more motivated at work. The construct has gained prominence over recent decades, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) has emerged as the most popular tool to assess the construct. Though widely known and used, more psychometric evidence is needed for the UWES, especially its item parameters. Method: This study (N = 525) aimed to provide psychometric evidence for the UWES and its shortened versions in Brazil, using a range of robust statistical analyses (e.g., Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Item Response Theory). Results: Results reveal good model fit and high internal consistency for both unidimensional and three-dimensional UWES structures. UWES items also showed high discrimination, difficulty, and information levels. Finally, significant correlations between UWES and workaholism and job satisfaction provided evidence of the convergent validity of the UWES in Brazil. Conclusion: This study’s findings broaden the understanding of work engagement and underscore the utility of the UWES as an efficacious tool for measuring work engagement in Brazil, paving the way for effective interventions and policies in diverse workplace environments.
Bienestar psicológico y agresión reactiva en Latinoamérica en tiempos del COVID-19
Authors:   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, García-Cadena Cirilo H. , Quiceno Sierra Japcy Margarita ,   Investigador Independiente, Medellín, Colombia, Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú, García Martínez Felipe E. ,   Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile, Lara Pinales Óscar M. ,   Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
Published: January 2024

Introducción: la pandemia COVID-19 generó consecuencias en la salud mental de las personas afectando su bienestar. Independientemente de la cultura y contexto donde se encuentren las personas y dependiendo de su situación y vulnerabilidad individual, algunos pueden emplear ciertos recursos psicológicos adaptativos como la paciencia o inadecuados como el miedo y la agresión al enfrentarse a un evento no normativo que genera estrés como lo es una pandemia, llegándose incluso a alterar la percepción sobre el bienestar psicológico y la salud. Es, por tanto, que este estudio pretendió evaluar la influencia de la paciencia, el miedo a contraer el COVID-19 y el estrés sobre el bienestar psicológico y la agresión reactiva, en población general latinoamericana. Método: participaron 1138 adultos, 759 mujeres y 379 hombres de México, Colombia, Perú y Chile, quienes respondieron la Escala Breve de Paciencia, la Escala de Estrés, la Escala sobre miedo a contraer COVID-19, la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico y la Escala de Agresividad. Resultados: se usó modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales. Se encontró un tamaño del efecto grande en la varianza explicada del bienestar psicológico en las cuatro muestras, y un tamaño del efecto grande en la varianza explicada de la agresión reactiva en Colombia, Perú y Chile, y un efecto mediano en México. Conclusión: variables adaptativas amortiguan los efectos adversos ante la incertidumbre ocasionada por una pandemia. Se recomienda usar este conocimiento para generar estrategias que permitan aumentar el bienestar psicológico y reducir la agresión reactiva.
Locating academic development within the decolonial turn in higher education: The affordances of systems thinking for decolonial practice
Authors:   University of Cape Town, Bangeni Bongi , Sithaldeen Riashna , Hunma Aditi
Published: January 2024

The student protests of 2015 and 2016 (re)surfaced the call to decolonise South African higher education (HE), highlighting the alienation experienced by black students within historically white institutions. This article describes how an academic development unit at one such institution responds as part of its reconceptualisation process. We consider the interplay between policy, structure, and practice within our context, and the extent to which these enable decolonial work. We also show how approaches to decolonisation within HE work to reinscribe coloniality and argue that these must be holistic and intentional to transform exclusionary institutional practices and the structures that sustain them. Drawing on the area of support services, which is typically designed around individualistic approaches to help-seeking, we illustrate, through a case study, how systems thinking principles enable productive decolonial work within colonial structures, and their affordances to inform policy for an integrated and responsive student support system.
Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Miao Yanmei , Xie Leiyu , Song Jiamei , Cai Xing , Yang Jinghe , Ma Xinglong , Chen Shaolin , Xie Peng
Published: January 2024

Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disease characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. Originally defined as an age‐associated condition, sarcopenia presently also encompasses muscular atrophy due to various pathological factors, such as intensive care unit‐acquired weakness, inactivity, and malnutrition. The exact pathogenesis of sarcopenia is still unknown; herein, we review the pathological roles of the neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in this condition. Sarcopenia is caused by complex and interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms, including aging, neuromuscular junction impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, endocrine factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Among these, neuromuscular junction instability and mitochondrial dysfunction are particularly significant. Dysfunction in neuromuscular junction can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. Mitochondria, which are plentiful in neurons and muscle fibers, play an important role in neuromuscular junction transmission. Therefore, impairments in both mitochondria and neuromuscular junction may be one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sarcopenia. Moreover, this article explores the structural and functional alterations in the neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in sarcopenia, suggesting that a deeper understanding of these changes could provide valuable insights for the prevention or treatment of sarcopenia.
Reproductive aspects of female Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) in the Chingaza massif, eastern range of the Colombian Andes
Authors: Reyes Adriana , Rodríguez Daniel , Rodríguez Daniela , Castillo-Navarro Yeimy , Restrepo Hector , Pardo Leidy , Salgado Oswaldo , Duque-Osorio Robinson , Reyes-Amaya Nicolás
Published: January 2024

Knowledge of reproduction in wild Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) is scarce. Here we provide novel information about litter size, birth timings, courtship and multi-generational groups in a population in the Chingaza massif in Colombia. Pregnant females, mothers with cubs, estimated birth times, and litter size were registered through camera trapping of a population at the Chingaza massif (Colombia) between 2011 and 2016. A total of 34 independent records of reproductive female bears were obtained. Twenty-eight (28) different reproductive females were recognized by external key features. Six different females were recorded only pregnant, two others were recorded pregnant and later with cubs, and 20 others were recorded only with cubs. In total, 29 cubs were recorded in 22 litters, with a mean litter size of 1.27 (SD = 0.45): 16 litters with one cub, 5 with 2 cubs, and 1 with 2 cubs + a big cub from a previous litter (>1 year). The highest records of mothers with little cubs were obtained for the low rain season in December, January, and February, full of dry-season-fruiting Ericaceae shrubs. Likewise, the highest estimated births were obtained during the rainy time in June. Multi-generational groups and the courtship behaviors are reported for the first time in Colombia.
Morphological symmetry of Rhipidomys mastacalis (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in fragmented habitats of the Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil: a study on the influence of the environment on an endemic species
Authors: García Franger J. , Soto da Costa Letícia , Bigai Lizandra Regina , Roberto del Valle Alvarez Martín
Published: January 2024

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest has undergone significant transformation, resulting in habitat loss and the endangerment of many species of mammals and other vertebrates. In this study, the presence of fluctuating asymmetry of four anatomical structures of the arboreal rodent Rhipidomys mastacalis was evaluated using geometric morphometrics. The study focused on adult specimens collected in a mosaic of vegetation composed of forested vegetation, occupancy mosaics in forested areas, and cocoa plantations. The results showed significant values of fluctuating asymmetries in all structures and in all areas. The skulls and scapulae showed the highest values of asymmetry in forested vegetation and cocoa plantations, while the mandibles showed the greatest values in forested vegetation, and the pelvis in occupancy mosaics and cocoa plantations. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have evaluated developmental stability in mammals and suggest that high asymmetry values indicate an effect on different phases of ontogeny, which can harm the survival of a species in future generations. Overall, this study provides important insights into the impacts of habitat fragmentation on Rhipidomys mastacalis and highlights the need for conservation efforts to preserve the integrity of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its diverse range of wildlife.
Manipulating chiral photon generation from plasmonic nanocavity-emitter hybrid systems: from weak to strong coupling
Authors: Yang Jian , Hu Huatian , Zhang Qingfeng , Zu Shuai , Chen Wen , Xu Hongxing
Published: January 2024

By confining light into a deep subwavelength scale to match the characteristic dimension of quantum emitters, plasmonic nanocavities can effectively imprint the light emission with unique properties in terms of intensity, directionality, as well as polarization. In this vein, achiral quantum emitters can generate chiral photons through coupling with plasmonic nanocavities with either intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. As an important metric for the chiral-photon purity, the degree of circular polarization (DCP) is usually tuned by various scattered factors such as the nanocavity design, the emitter type, and the coupling strategy. The physical mechanisms of the chiral photon generation, especially when plasmons and emitters step into the strong coupling regime, are less explored. In this paper, we extended the coupled-oscillator and Jaynes–Cummings models to their chiral fashion to account for the above factors within a single theoretical framework and investigated the chiroptical properties of a plasmonic nanocavity-emitter hybrid system from weak to strong coupling. It was demonstrated that both the circular differential scattering and prominent scattering DCP rely on the intrinsic chirality generated by breaking the mirror symmetry with the emitter, and is thereby tunable by the coupling strength. However, the luminescence DCP (as high as 87 %) is closely related to the extrinsic chirality of the bare nanocavity and independent of the coupling strength. The results thus reveal two different physical mechanisms of generating chiral photons in scattering and luminescence. Our findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing chiral photon devices and contribute to the understanding of chiral plasmon-emitter interaction.
Inside or outside the house? On the spatial organisation of plant-related activities at the Late Bronze Age settlement of Dobbin 27, northern Germany
Authors: Oelbüttel Merle , Filipović Dragana , Kneisel Jutta , Kirleis Wiebke
Published: January 2024

In northern Germany, crop diversity was much greater in the Late Bronze Age than in previous periods. To trace this development at a local scale, we conducted an archaeobotanical case study at the site of Dobbin 27, a rural settlement in north-eastern Germany dating to the Late Bronze Age. Charred seeds and fruits were recovered and the spatial distribution of these remains was analysed in order to understand the spatial organisation of plant-related activities at the site, principally plant processing. We discovered that the inhabitants processed cereals outside the house, in open areas of the settlement. Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were the most common finds in the archaeobotanical samples; small proportions of pulses and wild fruits and nuts were also found. This shows that a wide range of plants was used by the prehistoric community at Dobbin 27. A regional comparison of the plant macro-remains record from Dobbin 27 with that from contemporary sites reveals both differences and similarities in crop choices and other aspects of the plant economy.
Reconstructing a Book Collection Through the Identification of a Copyist: Reused Rolls in Context
Authors: Borrelli Bianca
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on a group of five literary papyri dated to the second half of the second century BC that have been scattered among three different collections (Berlin, Manchester and Paris). Based on a thorough analysis of their material aspects, I attempt to define the context and purpose of their production.
Medical Opisthographs
Authors: Reggiani Nicola
Published: January 2024

The chapter discusses the cases of opisthographic papyri dealing with a medical content. According to Manfredo Manfredi’s definition of opisthograph as a papyrus roll reused to transcribe an extensive text, the focus will be on scrolls repurposed on their back side to copy Greek medical treatises, handbooks or receptaria. The analysis will consider the material features of such copies – the nature and quality of the original text, the medical genre, palaeography – in order to draw some preliminary conclusions about the relationship between reuse and genre in a highly specialized technical category of papyrus texts.
Critical and Utilitarian Sigla in the

Adespota Greek Hexameter Texts on Papyri
Authors: Ricciardetto Antonio
Published: January 2024

Within the framework of the preparation of the first edition of P.Fouad inv. 220 (unknown provenance, 3rd c. AD), an anonymous Greek hexametric poetry fragment accompanied by a critical siglum, and following my previous work on scribal practices in Greek literary papyri, especially on the graphic signs that accompany these texts, this paper lists all the critical and utilitarian signs attested in the 247 Greek surviving hexametric papyri of the Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine periods. These sigla are either directly associated with editorial work or were added by the scribe or corrector to provide the reader with practical information about the text. In doing so, the paper aims to better understand how the ancients conceived the writing of poetic works, and how they read, cited, and used them.
An Oxyrhynchite Education: How to Become an Apionic Scribe
Authors: Azzarello Giuseppina
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes a group of Byzantine papyri originating from the Oxyrhynchite and containing scribal exercises, which are connected to the famous domus gloriosa of the Apiones. Most of them are written on reused documents belonging to the Apionic dossier, and consist of documentary formulas or short passages copied out of other texts related to the management of the oikos. In a few cases, exercises seem to consist of copies of whole texts such as lists or accounts, so that they can be easily mistaken for real documents. Based on all these texts and on other papyrological evidence related to this issue, it is possible to argue that the oikos of the Apiones was involved in the management of a professional school located in the city of Oxyrhynchus and aiming at the education of future clerks.
How Do Intracompetition Strategies Differ Between Para Powerlifting Podium and Nonpodium Athletes? A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Beaumont Patrick , Garrett Joel , van den Hoek Daniel
Published: January 2024

Beaumont, P, Garrett, J, and van den Hoek, D. How do intracompetition strategies differ between para powerlifting podium and nonpodium athletes? A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This study aimed to investigate the intracompetition strategies used by para powerlifters and quantify and report them for application by coaches and athletes to improve their odds of competitive success. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted using a public powerlifting database. Primary analysis categorized athletes as either podium (POD) or nonpodium (NPOD), and a subanalysis classified athletes as either gold medalists (GMs) or silver and bronze medalists (SBMs). Analyses of variance were used to assess the significance of the difference between groups. Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the magnitude of the relationships and binary logistic regressions were used to quantify the variables. Results are reported as odds ratios, and an alpha level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant difference in mean age (POD = 1.6 years younger; p < 0.001), body mass (POD = 2.7 kg heavier; p = 0.006), and best lift (POD = 19.5 kg greater; p < 0.001) for female POD athletes compared with NPOD athletes. For male POD athletes compared with NPOD athletes, there was a difference in mean age (POD = 0.6 years younger; p = 0.035) and best lift (POD = 28.4 kg greater; p < 0.001). Comparing GMs with SBMs showed a significant difference in the mean best lift in both men (GM = 17.4 kg greater; p < 0.001) and women (GM = 11.1 kg greater; p < 0.001). A positive relationship was seen in both the primary and subanalysis between the number of successful lifts (of 3) and an increase in the odds of competitive success (i.e., winning). The findings of this research indicate that high-performing para powerlifters tend to choose attempt weights that prioritize the successful completion of all 3 intracompetition lifts to win a competition.
Toward a Borderlands Ethics
Authors: Ramirez Pablo A.
Published: January 2024

By reading Helena María Viramontes’s “Cariboo Cafe” and Daniel Chacon’s “Godoy Lives,” this essay argues that Chicana/o fiction articulates what I call a “borderlands ethics.” Both Viramontes and Chacon give the undocumented migrant the power to merge the United States and Latin America, self and other, citizen and noncitizen. These mergers demonstrate how a borderlands ethical stance can produce new unauthorized truths and relations outside the law and beyond national borders. However, these stories of ghostly kinship also produce a political imperative: to resurrect borderlands relations and experiences in the public sphere. Through the trope of haunting and an engagement with a borderlands ethics, “The Cariboo Cafe” and “Godoy Lives” help us understand that maintaining a Latina/o ethnic identity is not a simple act of preservation; it is an ethico-political project that challenges the United States to form new visions of democracy and new relations with Latin America in order to maintain transborder communities and families.
Desfechos das inserções de dispositivos intrauterinos por enfermeiros em instituições de saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Canuto Liliane Ecco , Felisbino Jonas , Siqueira Elizimara Ferreira , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Salum Nádia Chiodelli , Amante Lucia Nazareth
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: identificar quais os desfechos das inserções de dispositivos intrauterinos por enfermeiros em instituições de saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada em oito bases de dados, com auxílio de um gerenciador de referências bibliográficas, utilizando o modelo de JBI para a análise do nível de evidência. Os dados foram organizados, categorizados e discutidos por meio de síntese descritiva. Resultados: 10 estudos compuseram a amostra final, sendo dois apenas com enfermeiros e os demais com enfermeiros e médicos. Os principais desfechos avaliados foram perfuração e expulsão, sem diferenças significativas entre os profissionais que realizaram o procedimento. As taxas de sucesso, continuidade e satisfação foram semelhantes entre médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusão: os desfechos das inserções de dispositivos intrauterinos por enfermeiros em instituições de saúde são similares aos realizados por médicos, com ampliação do acesso, sem aumentar as complicações relacionadas a esse método contraceptivo, contribuindo para a integralidade da assistência no campo do planejamento reprodutivo. Contribuições para a prática: os achados podem contribuir para o enfrentamento de barreiras pelos enfermeiros, servindo como subsídio para diretrizes e políticas de saúde que incentivem a inserção do dispositivo intrauterino por estes profissionais, principalmente, em contextos onde esta prática ainda não ocorre.
Tendências da produção de conhecimento de enfermagem sobre a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Fusari Mônica Emanuele Köpsel , Andrade Gustavo Baade de , Lemos Messias , Peiter Caroline Cechinel , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Santos José Luís Guedes dos
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: analisar as tendências investigativas de teses e dissertações sobre COVID-19 dos programas de pós-graduação da área da Enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: estudo bibliométrico realizado no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, com análise de dados bibliométricos por meio do IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: 82 trabalhos foram selecionados, sendo a maioria dissertações (87,8%). Foram distribuídos em seis classes: 1) Saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem; 2) Saúde da mulher grávida e puérpera; 3) Adaptação do atendimento às pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade; 4) Ser humano e ser enfermeiro: convivendo e enfrentando o vírus; 5) Reorganização do trabalho da enfermagem; e 6) Repercussões da COVID-19 para a enfermagem. Conclusão: as pesquisas estão concentradas nas condições de trabalho da enfermagem, na saúde mental e na reorganização dos fluxos de atendimento. Contribuições para a prática: o estudo promove visibilidade à produção de conhecimento em Enfermagem no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil e identifica lacunas para futuros estudos.
Efeitos do lockdown na incidência da COVID-19 na fase de emergência sanitária da pandemia
Authors: Poli Priscila , Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Corrêa Ana Paula Vechi , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do lockdown na incidência da COVID-19 na fase de emergência sanitária da pandemia. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico transversal. Os dados foram coletados nas páginas da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados e da Prefeitura Municipal de Araraquara. Para analisar a incidência da COVID-19 foram considerados os casos notificados no referido município. Para comparar os períodos em relação aos casos diários, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão com distribuição binomial-negativa com função de ligação logarítmica. Resultados: para todas as faixas etárias, com exceção de menores de 20 anos, verificou-se diferença estatística nos coeficientes de incidência. Para o sexo feminino o declínio na incidência da doença foi mais expressivo. Considerando ambos os sexos e todas as faixas etárias, observou-se uma redução de 49% na incidência de casos. Conclusão: houve uma redução significativa na incidência da doença considerando a população geral do município. Contribuições para a prática: a disponibilidade e adoção de medidas tradicionais de saúde pública, como o lockdown, mostraram-se essenciais para reduzir casos e óbitos de doenças de vírus respiratórios emergentes sem tratamento e vacina.