bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Zinc and Niacin Powder Addition on some Physiological and Production Performance of Turkey
Authors: Khtab Thamer A. , Kamil Yasir M. , Jalil Ali Q.
Published: April 2023

A study was carried out to look into the effects of dietary zinc and nicotinic acid (niacin) supplementation on growth performance, hematology and biochemical parameters of turkey. The birds were distributed in to four treatments each treatment have three replicates. (3 birds / replicate) T1 no additive as control, fed diets supplemented with Zn (100 mg/kg) T2, Niacin (100 mg/kg diet) T3 and combination of them Zn100 mg/kg+ niacin 100 mg/kg) T4. the results analyzed by CRD arrangement design. Obvious results indicated that supplemented Zn and Niacin enhance the production performance and make a positive effect on the hematology (RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV) and biochemical parameters In each of (AST, ALT, cholesterol and triglyceride
Effect of Feeding Broilers with Three Different Regimens on Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Salem Mohamed S. , Khulel Rafea M. , Al-Tamee Nawaf G.
Published: April 2023

This study aims to compare three programs of feeding broiler conducted on 120 Ross 308 chicks at one day of age distributed to three treatments of 4 replicates by 10 birds each. T1 given 3 phase (starter, grower, finisher) rations during (1-14,15-28, 29-42) days respectively, T2 given a 2 phase (starter ration from 1-28 days and finisher ration from 29-42 days), T3 given a (1 phase) grower ration from 1-42 day. Feed and water have been given ad libitum. All chicks were reared in a semi-open house in pens with a dimension of 1.25 × 1.25 m. The results showed that there was an insignificant difference between treatments in live body weight, total and daily weight gain, Total and daily feed intake except 3-4, 5-6, 0-6 weeks, T3 was significantly less than T2 during the total period, protein intake was significantly different except at 1-2, 4-5 weeks, T3 was significantly higher than T1 in total period 0-6 week. There was an insignificant difference in feed or protein conversion ratio at all studying periods. There was an insignificant difference between treatments in all carcass traits. The difference between treatments in relative growth rate was less than 1%. The second treatment showed a small improvement in economic efficiency by about 2%.
GH and IGF-2 Histological Effects on the Heart, Liver and Gizzard of Chickens were Studied
Authors: Al-Hassani Ali S. , Al-Hassani D. H. , Abdul-Hassan I. A.
Published: April 2023

GH and IGF-2 were examined histologically in the present study on adult hens to learn more about the organs’ responses to GH and IGF-2. Cardiac protein synthesis is stimulated by GH and IGF-2, according to microscopic examination. The recent research found a considerable amount of adipose tissue in the cardiac muscle bundles, which is linked to the metabolic process. In addition, GH and IGF-2 were shown to promote protein synthesis and mitosis in liver and gizzard tissues, according to the research. In addition, the apoptosis, regeneration, and secretory activity of gizzard glands are increased by the aforementioned hormones.
Evaluation Effects of Coliform Mastitis on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dairy Cows, in Kirkuk City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Bayati Almas. M.
Published: April 2023

This study conducted to investigate sub clinical mastitis caused by some coliform pathogens as a common causes mastitis in the cows and to detect some hematological & biochemical parameters, for this purpose 100 milk samples and100 blood samples were collected from apparently cows brought to the veterinary hospital & from different heifer’s in Kirkuk governate, Iraq. our results showed that the incidence of coliform mastitis by using different diagnostic methods. the incidence mastitis to CMT according of management & hygiene milk of processing recorded 35 (42.6 %), 47 ( 57.3%) respectively., However the bacteriologically examination depending on isolation, biochemical manually and vitek system identification. revealed, the incidence as 82.9% positive for bacterial identification reveled thatE.coliwas predominant ( 33.8 %) bacteria Followed byK. pneumoniaand.Proteus mirabilis(11.7 %) &(10.2)% respectively. further hematological parameters we noted that showed anemia with significant decrease (p<0.05) in Hemoglobin, Total red blood cell count, Paced cell volume, lymphocyte and slightly decrease in, while record increase in granulocyte and Wight blood cell count. On the other hand the biochemical profile we showed significant increase in ALT, AST enzymes, While decrease significant(p<0.05) in ALP, Ca, Cl, P, Mg & zn. We conclude from this study, The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in the milk resulted in a significant alteration in the hamato-biochemical profile in the current study reveled significant monitors for Bovine mastitis and estimate the efficiency and quality of milk consumption.
Effect Substitution Partial for Potatoes Peel Powder Raw and Treatment Replaces Maize Yellow in the Performance Productivity for Broiler
Authors: Al-Shemmari Wala’a Hussein , Mashhadani H. A.
Published: April 2023

This experiment was conducted at the poultry \ Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 25/2/2021 to me 1/4/2021. To study the effect of substitution partial for powder Peel potatoes raw And the enzymatic treatment replaces maize yellow in broiler diets in Productive performance, used in the experiment 231 chicken (Ross 308) were randomly distributed to Seven treatments by 33 chick/treatment, each treatment contains three replicates, and each replicate contains 11 chicks The experiment parameters were as follows: treatment first T1: treatment control Contains maize yellow 48% and treatment the second T2 and the third T3 and the fourth T4 In which raw potato peels were replaced by 6, 12 and 18%, respectively, as for the fifth treatment T5And the sixth T6And the seventhT7It included the substitution of enzymatically treated potato peels with ratios 6, 12 and 18%, respectively. A mixture of enzymes was used at a rate of 0.5 g/kg of potato peels, the traits under study were recorded over three periods from 1 to 10 days starter diet, 11 to 24 days of a growing diet, and from 25 to 35-day final diet according to the production guide for Ross 308. The data indicated the presence of a high decrease (P<0.01) in treatment T4 And the T7 compared to other parameters of body weight rate, weight gain rate, and feed consumption rate feed conversion factor for different periods.
Effect of Planting Date and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Growth, Yield Components and Oil Content of some Fatty Acids in Borage Seeds
Authors: Al-Mohammad Maher H.S. , Al-dulaimi Zaman Salah , Sachet Thamena F.K.
Published: April 2023

The experiment was conducted at winter season 2019/2020 in private vegetable farm in Babylon Governorate to study the effect of three planting dates (Sept1, Sept15 and Oct1st) and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 Kg N ha-1) on growth indicators (number of leaves, plant height, number of secondary branches, total chlorophyll and percentage of dry matter) and yields indicators (number of inflorescences, plant yield, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and oil) for Borage, the treats were distributed in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replicates, means were compared by using Duncan’s multiple range test at probability level 0.05. The results showed a significant effect of planting date at Sept1st for all growth, yield and oil content of some fatty acids indicators, the percentage increase in yields of seeds and oil was 38.7 and 51.8 % respectively. While, nitrogen fertilizer at level 80 Kg N ha-1 relative increased seeds and oil yield about 40.2 and 50.4 % respectively, and interaction treat between planting date on Sept1st × 80 Kg N ha-1 gave the highest means in all measured indicators, and the percentage of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were 11.63, 7.22, 17.58, 37.21 and 20.48 % respectively.
The Effect of Overlapping Cultivation of Maize and Mung Crops on the Characteristics of Mung Yield with Different Planting Dates
Authors: Taha Saad Mohsin Barzan , Jassim Wael Mostafa
Published: April 2023

To study the effect of intercropping between corn and mung crops on yield characteristics and components of mung under different planting dates and to know some indicators of the efficiency of loading systems, a field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields in Al-Sharqat district, north of Tikrit, by designing the complete random sectors and with three replications according to the arrangement of the panelssplinter Where the main treatments included on three planting dates for maize (10 July, 20 July and 30 July) and for goats (1 July 10 July 20 July). Two mash lines) and (two atom lines: two mash lines) and the results were as follows: The results showed that planting dates had different significant effects on some characteristics and yield of goat. The first date recorded the highest average weight of 1000 seeds (43.53 g), while the third date was superior in the characteristics of the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, total seed yield and biological yield of the plant Harvest Guide(28.86 pods-1, 9.91 pods-1, 12.19 gm plant-1, 1.52 tons ha-1, 32.79 gm plant-1 and 37.04%), while no significant differences were found for the number of branches per plant due to the effect of planting dates. The number of seeds in pod (10.46 seeds. pod-1) was superior in the (2 corn: 2 mash) system, while in the (1 corn: 1 mash) system, the trait of 1000 seed weight (43.61 g) was distinguished, and marrow alone achieved superiority in the number of pods per plant. The seed yield of the plant, the total yield, the biological yield of the plant and the harvest index (29.53 pods. Nabat-1 and 12.30 g. plant-1 and 1.53 t.ha-1 and 32.55 g. plant-1 and 37.62%). The results showed that the growth characteristics and yield of the two crops were significantly affected by the combinations between planting dates and loading systems on the yield traits of marrow. The cultivation of marrow alone on the third date was distinguished in the characteristics of the number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, total yield, biological yield and harvest index amounted to (34.74 pods). plant-1 and 14.97 g. plant-1 and 1.86 t.ha-1 and 34.44 g. Plant-1 and 43.45%) and the system (2 corn: 2 mash) was distinguished in the number of seeds per pod (10.72 seeds. Pod-1), and the first date of the system (1 corn: 1 mash) was superior in the weight of 1000 seeds (47.02 g). The second system (1 corn: 2 mash) exceeded the height of the plant (98.83 cm).
Path Coefficient Analyses for Growth and Yield Traits of Barley Under Different Seeding Rates
Authors: Hussein Nayef Jabbar , Al-Shugeairy Zainab Kareem Kadhm
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relationship between the path coefficient and seed rate for four different barley cultivars (Amal, Ibaa 265, Ibaa 99, and Buhooth 244) during the 2019-2020 winter season. The experiment was carried out using a split plot design with three replications according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The highest positive thru effect on grain yield was found for flag leaf area and harvest index at aseeding rate of 130 kg.h-1; the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was found for flag leaf area and plant height at aseeding rate of 160 kg.h-1; and the highest positive direct effect on yield was found for biological yield and harvest index at a seeding rate of 190 kg.ha-1. Because of this, it can be used as proof of selective breeding for increased yield in barley by plant breeders.
Study of some Chemical, Anatomical and Molecular Indicators using RAPD-PCR Technique of Wheat Cultivars in Terms of Irrigation with Saline Water
Authors: Al-Hassnawi Fatima Al-Zahraa Mahdi , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq
Published: April 2023

This field experiment was conducted with the aim of studying the chemical, anatomical and molecular indicators of wheat cultivars under irrigation with levels of salinity stress. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the effect of the high salinity concentration of irrigation water on the chemical traits such as the proline content and protein, the lowest average was (10.37 and 25.96)% respectively. It also affected the anatomical traits represented by the number of the stomatal of the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf with the lowest average of (8.11, 6.22) stomata mm-2 respectively, while the cultivar differed significantly, as the Russian cultivar showed superiority in the proline content and protein, while the Mawada cultivar was superior in the relative water content and stomata density on the upper and lower surfaces. The results of the molecular analysis by RAPD-PCR technology showed that the primer UBC1 gave the highest number of band, which amounted to 58 total band, and the primer OPD-02 scored 49 relevance band, including one unique band, while the primer OPS-19 showed the lowest band number, reached 30, including a unique band. It constitutes a genetic fingerprint for these two primers.
Effect of Sulfur and Spraying with Boron on some Yield Characteristics Oil Percentage and Total Oil Yield of Sunflower Crop Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Jasim Muqdad Daham , Mustafa Atheer Saber
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season 2021 in one of the agricultural fields of Qayyarah sub-district located in the south of Nineveh Governorate, to know the effect of adding sulfur and spraying boron on the growth, yield and quality of Helianthus annuus L.sunflower crop. The experiment was applied using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.), with three replicates, The experiment was a study of two factors: four levels of sulfur (0, 800, 1600, 2400) kg S.H-1 and three concentrations of boron (0, 50, 100) mg B.L-1, show results The experiment showed that the level of sulfur 1600 kg.ha-1 had a significant effect on the fertilization rate, if it was given The highest rate for the trait was 88.26% compared to the comparative treatment that gave the lowest rate for the trait reached As for the level of 2400 kg.ha-1, it had a significant effect on 85.95% each of the characteristics of the plant yield The individual, the total seed yield, the percentage of oil and the total oil yield were given the highest rate for these The traits were 97.88 g.plant 1 and 6.98 tons.ha, 40.50% and 286.98 kg.ha, respectively Comparing them with the lowest average for the same traits at the comparison treatment level. As for the effect of boron, it has an effect Concentration 100 mg B.L - significantly in the characteristic of the percentage of fertility and gave the highest rate for the character reached89.85% compared to the lowest characteristic rate of 85.14%. While the effect of the concentration is 50 mg B.L Significantly in the traits of individual plant yield, total seed yield and percentage of oil for seed Sunflower yield, which gave the highest rate of these traits, was 90.50 g. Plant-1, 6.46. ton.ha, 250.85 kg.ha-1 and 37.89%, respectively, compared to the lowest average for the same traits with the effect of The focus of the comparative treatment.
Effect of Different Levels of Bio Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Sorghum Genotypes
Authors: Abd Hassan Ali , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Al-Zubaidy Safaa Abd Al-Hassan
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season 2021 in one of the farms affiliated to the district of Kuthi (Jableh) located in the north of Babylon province, at longitude 44 east and latitude 44 north, in a sandy loam texture soil. The arrangement of the split plot was used according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates, biofertilizer levels 0, 2, 4, 6 kg ha-1 were used, which occupied the main plots, while the genotypes occupied sub plots, namely (Aniqath, Buhouth70, Rabih, Alkayr, Syrie and American). The traits of plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of grains in panicle, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield were studied. The results showed the treatment of adding 4 kg ha-1 of biofertilizer excelled in the average plant height cm2 214.14, leaf area and leaf cm2 7897 content of chlorophyll 55.72. Whereas the addition of 6 kg ha-1 excelled and gave the averageshowed superior in triats number of grains in panicle2816, the weight of 1000 grains 27.487, and the grain yield was 7.02 tons.ha-1 and the biological yield was 21,791 tons ha-1. The results also showed a significant difference between the genotypes, where the genotypes Buhouth 70 surpassed in the average plant height cm2 285.94 and weight of 1000 grains 36.212 g, and the biological yield was 31,038 tons ha-1, while the Rabih cultivar excelled in the average leaf area 8560 cm2, number of grains per panicle 3885, grain yield 7.353 tons ha-1, harvest index 36.891%. The nteraction between levels of bio-fertilizer and gentypes showed the highest of grain yield trait at the highest level of bio-fertilizer, which amounted to 8.030 tons ha-1 for Rabih genotype.
Effect of Bacterial Inoculation and Foliar Application of Arginine and Glutamic Acids on the Growth of Fenugreek Plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Al-Hadithy Munther Hikmat Shaker , Al-Mohammedi Akeel Nagme Abood
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in Haditha district, Barwana district, which is located in the northwestern part of the center of Anbar province and is characterized by its sandy, clay soil. In order to study the effect of bacterial inoculation and spraying with arginine and glutamic acids on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L). The experiment included (18) treatments resulting from the interaction of the bacterial bio-inoculation (Sinorhizobium meliloti) (inoculated and without inoculated ) with combinations of amino acids arginine and glutamic. The experiment was designed according to RCBD with a within the split plots. The results of the study showed a superiority of the inoculation treatment with (Sinorhizobium meliloti) in the traits of root growth. Also in the traits of vegetative growth. The combination of arginine 50 mg.L-1 + glutamic 50 mg.L-1 was significantly excelled in root growth traits. As well as in the traits of vegetative growth.
Effect of Distances Between Lines and Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality Characteristics of Wheat
Authors: Shapep Eman Khairy , Mahmud Mohammed Radwan
Published: April 2023

In the winter of 2021-2022, researchers in Al-Muthanna used a randomized complete sector design (RCBD) and three replicates of split plots to examine the impact of four levels of nitrogen (250, 200, 150, 100) kg N ha-1 and four planting distances between the lines (30,25,20,15) cm on the characteristics of Yield for wheat. The primary plots concerned themselves with nitrogen concentrations, while the subsidiary plots measured line spacing (Sup-plot). On average, the number of spikes per hectare, the number of grains per hectare, the total yield per hectare, the biological yield per hectare, and the percentage of protein in the grains were all found to be highest at the 250 kg N ha-1 fertilizer level. While the distance of 30 cm was significantly superior to the highest mean of biological yield and in the percentage of protein in the grains (it yielded an average of 6.90 tons ha-1 and 8.331%, respectively), the agricultural distances did not show any significant superiority in most of the traits studied. The statistical analysis revealed a substantial interaction between the two experimental conditions in some of the features under investigation. When compared to the maximum average number of spikes, which peaked at 399.7 spikes m-2, the overlap (250 kg N ha-1×15 cm) was superior. Combination (250 kg N ha-1 × 30 cm) had highest average biological yield of 9.19 tons ha-1, however the interaction did not show any significant effect on most of the studied traits, such as the number of grains in a spike, the weight of 1000 grains, or the percentage of protein.
Impact of Some Herbicides on Growth Indicators of Some Wheat Cultivars and Weight of Companion Weeds
Authors: Hammood Watheq Falhi , Al-Khaldy Rafid Ahmed Abbas , Safi Suhad Mathkoor A. , Al-Azawi Nagham M.
Published: April 2023

An experiment was implemented in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Jadriya during the year 2020-2021. The study aimed to investigate the effect of some herbicides (Crash + U46-Combifiluid) combination and Axial, Weed Free and Weedy, on the companion weeds and growth indicators for three cultivars of wheat (Shame6, Samur, and GRAIME). The experiment was conducted according to a RCBD (in a split-plot arrangement with three replicates), while the cultivars represent the main treatments and herbicide treatments. The results showed the superiority of cultivar GRAIME in the trait of the number of tiller. meters 2 and the flag leaf area (centimeter2), as it recorded averages of 469.90 meters2 and 22.61 centimeter2 respectively. The cultivars did not differ significantly between them in terms of the dry weight of plants. In comparison, the cultivar Samur recorded the highest plant height of 135.12 centimeter and the lowest weed dry weight was 40.44 gram. meters-2, recording the highest inhibition ratio in the weed dry weight amounted to 62.60%. The combination treatment (Crash + U46-Combifiluid) for all traits was superior to the weedy treatment, which recorded the lowest averages, as it recorded 459.9 tiller.meters2, 124.89 centimeter, 22.70 centimeter 2, and 1344 gram. meters -2 for the number of tillers, plant height, flag leaf area, and the dry weight of wheat plants, respectively. Besides, the lowest average weed dry weight was 6.55 gram. meters -2 and the highest inhibition ratio in the weed dry weight was 93.97%, it was close to the results of the weed-free treatment. The treatment of cultivar GRAIME with (Crash + U46-Combifiluid) combination achieved the highest mean for the number of tillers, flag leaf area, and dry weight of wheat plants reaching 515.70 tiller. meters 2 and 25.20 centimeter 2 and 1371.20 gram. meters-2 respectively, In comparison, the lowest weed dry weight was achieved in the treatment of cultivar Samur and Shame6 with the combination of (Crash + U46-Combifiluid) reached 0.00 and 5.80 gram. meters-2 respectively and recorded the highest inhibition ratio of weed dry weight reached 100% and 94.44% respectively.
Genetic and Phenotypic Stability of Chickpea Genotypes Under the Influence of Different Planting Dates
Authors: Al-Qaisi Ahmed Mageed Harosh , Al-Bayati Hussein Ali Hindi
Published: April 2023

Afield experiment was carried out during the winter agricultural season (2021-2022) A.D in Baiji district within the conditions of Salah al-Din governorate to study the performance of new inputs from Chickpea crop and their source is Icardava in three planting dates, which are 1-11, 11-15 and 30-11-2021 AD. The genetic variance was higher than the environmental for all the studied traits and in the three environmentsThe study and phenotypic variance were high for the trait of total seed yield in three studied environments. The coefficient of genetic variation was high for the trait of total seed yield The Degree of broad sense heritability is high for all the studied traits and in the three environments, while the expected genetic Advance as a percentage of the general average of the trait is high for the two traits of the number of pods per plant and the total seed yield in the first and second environments. The environments and genotypes and their Interaction together according to the stability analysis were high. Significance for all studied traits. The genotype (G2) was more stable in the traits of the total seed yield and the two genotypes (G12 and G15) for the percentage of protein in the studied environments. The phenotypic stability was significant for the G2, G9, and G10 genotypes, and the G14 and G15 genotypes for the protein percentage trait.
Efficiency of Selection in Inducing Genetic-Molecular Variations in Sunflower
Authors: Ibrahim Muayad M. , Abdulhamed Zeyad A.
Published: April 2023

Selection by the honeycomb is used to obtain high-yielding genotypes from the sunflower, The selection is carried out using several genotypes, as they are grown for more than one season, with a distance of 1.3 m between furrows and 1.5 m between the plants. The selection depends on the area of the sunflower disk. The selected seeds are randomly planted and pollinated in the third season. The seeds resulting from random pollination are sown in a comparative experiment with the original populations and evaluate them at different densities. Selection criteria are based high yield. In addition to studying the molecular indicators of the selected and original genotypes to know the genetic and molecular distance between them in order to choose the appropriate breeding method. Honeycomb selection is expected to improve plants performance for a number of genetic, phenotypic and physiological traits due to the additive gene. Therefore, we suggest adopting the honeycomb selection program to select active strains, whether by using improved varieties or strains to obtain new hybrids that are better than what is produced today through known breeding methods.
Effect of Foliar Nutrition with Brassinolide on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Several Sesame Cultivars
Authors: Nasser Seif El-Din M. , Sarhan Ismail A.
Published: April 2023

In the summer of 2022, researchers in the Karma region of Anbar Governorate applied foliar nutrition with brasinolide to four different sesame cultivars to see how it affected their growth. The study followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with a split-plot layout and three replicates. Brassinolide concentrations occupied the main plots (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg L-1), while the cultivars (Sumer, Rafidain, Wadea, Hadd) occupied the sub-plots. The results indicated that the Sumer cultivar recorded the lowest number of days from planting to the beginning of flowering, which amounted to 39.83, it also gave the highest average plant height of 198.17 cm. The cultivar Hadd was superior in the number of branches (6.29 plant-1), the leaf area (7863 cm2 plant-1), and the dry weight of the plant (223.48 gm). Whereas, the Wadea cultivar outperformed in the leaves content of chlorophyll (26.53 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight). The brasinolide concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 recorded the shortest period from planting to the beginning of flowering (38.67 days), plant height (199.17 cm, number of branches 5.08 branch plant-1, leaf area 5619 cm2 plant-1, chlorophyll content (26.93 mg 100 gm-1 fresh weight, and plant dry weight 215.58 gm. There was a significant interaction between the cultivar Sumer and the concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 in the number of days from planting to the beginning of flowering and plant height. Also, there was an interaction between Hadd cultivar and the same concentration in the number of branches, leaf area and dry weight of the plant. While, the cultivar Wadea, it also interacts with the same concentration in the leaf’s chlorophyll content.
Effect of the Growth Regulator Gibberellins and Nano Iron Spraying on the Content of Oils, Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids in the Roots of Fennel Plant
Authors: Al-Mamouri Rana Rais Arak , Asl Basma A. , Hussien Madeha H.
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out for the autumn season 2021 in Al-Watifia area - Al-Musauib project / Babylon province, with coordinates (longitude (44°22′ and 44°31′ east) and latitudes (32°32′ and 32°36′ north) and in a loamy soil to study gibberellin and spray Nano iron fertilizer in the roots of the local cultivar Foeniculum vulgare Mill. it used 4 levels of gibberellin growth regulator (0, 50, 100, 150 mgm L-1) with four levels of nano-iron (0, 25, 50, 75 mgm L-1). A factorial experiment was conducted by Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, and the averages of parameters compared with the LSD test of 5%. The results indicated that: The treatment of gibberellin growth regulator at a level of 100 mgm L-1 significantly increasing value of root content of the volatile oil Estagole, Carene and - Pinene α gave highest averages amounted to 318.10, 66.16 and 56.50 mg L-1, respectively. While the treatment of spraying nano iron with a level of (75 mgm L-1) was increased and gave the highest averages of 319.67, 65.26 and 47,53 mgm L-1. In terms of the best interaction treatment between them, the interaction between the two factors (gibberellin at a level of 100 mgm L-1) + Iron sprayed at level of 75 mgm L-1) was increased and it gave the highest averages of the above oily compounds, which were 488.08, 110.25 and 81.60 mgm L-1, respectively.As for the roots’ content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the concentration of gibberellin (100 mgm L-1) was significantly increase in the roots’ content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds Rutin, Eriocitin, and Quercetin, by giving them the highest averages amounted to 74,68, 64,24, 359,35 mgm L-1, respectively. As for the phenolic compound Ellage acid, it did not differ significantly from the 150 level of gibberellin, as it gave average of 41.97, and the level of 100 mgm L-1 had an average of 41.70, As for iron spray, the level (75 mgm L-1) was increasing the roots’ content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids Rutin, Ellage acid, Eriocitin and Quercetin by giving them the highest averages of 74.24, 44.31, 62.67 and 365.60 mgm L-1, respectively. While the interaction between the two factors (gibberellin at a level of 100 mgm L-1 + iron spray at a level of 75 mgm L-1) gave the highest averages of the above phenolic compounds amounting to 89.17, 52.13, 65.32 and 449.33 mgm L-1, respectively.
The Effect of Infrared Radiation on Stimulation of Mutations in the Housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Al-Hamzah Forat Abd , Al-Ameri Dalal Tareq , Hamzah Abbas Kadhim
Published: April 2023

This research was designed for the purpose of studying the effect of 5 periods of exposure to infrared radiation (0,5,10,20 and 30) minutes on the product of phenotypic mutations of housefly: musca domestica by calculating the percentage of abnormalities, which included distortions of wings and tentacles, small body size, depreciation rate and rate emergence rate for adults. The results showed that the infrared radiation had significant effects in causing deformations, especially in the period 20 and 30 minutes, while the exposure periods caused clear effects in the larval mortality, where the highest mortality rate reached 72% for the period 30 minutes. While this rate decreased to 15% and 19% for periods 5 and 10 min. respectively, and thus formed significant differences as a compared with the control group, while the lowest percentage of emergence was 18% at period 30, which led to a decrease in rate of adults emerging.
Effect of Some Nematicides on Hatching Eggs and Viability of Second Stage Juveniles of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Ayyash Luay M. , Theer Rashid M. , Saleh Hamood Muhidi
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three nematicides, Blue Guard, Garland garlic extract, Nema-kill at two concentrations of 50 and 100ppm in inhibiting egg hatching and killing second stage juveniles of root-knot nematode, M. incognita under laboratory conditions. The results showed the effectiveness of nematicides in inhibiting eggs and killing juveniles with significant differences compared with control treatments. Garland garlic extract 100ppm achieved the highest inhibition rate of 94.4% compared with nematicides, blue guard 100ppm and Nema-kill 100ppm, which amounted to 65.6 and 60.2%, respectively, after 7 days compared with control treatment 4.2%. The results also showed significant differences in the killing of juveniles by the superiority of the Garland garlic extract 100 ppm, which achieved the highest killing rate of juveniles that reached 88.4% compared with treatments of the pesticide, blue guard 100 ppm and Nema-kill 100 ppm, which amounted to 59.2 and 58%, respectively, after 4 days.
Evaluation Effectiveness of Some Insecticides on Stages of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Almolla Waleed Kh. Ali , Alebady Emad Q. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The results of a study showed the effect of some insecticides (Indoxacarb, Pymetrozine and Mythoxyfenozide) on stages plodia interpunctella (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) Variation in the average mortality percentages the insect phases for the three insecticides as reached Indoxacarb insecticide 79.67, 50.00, 60.00 and 50.00% respectively as reached Pymetrozine insecticide 55.00, 50.00, 50.00 and 50.00% respectively and Mythoxyfenozide insecticide reached 70.66, 53.33, 40.00 and 60.00% respectively. The results From the results of the statistical analysis, it was found that Indoxacarb insecticide More effective in mortality the stages of the insect on average 59.92% then Mythoxyfenozide reached 56.00% and finally Pymetrozine insecticide reached 51.25%. The results showed that egg stage is more sensitive to the three insecticides than the other stages as reached 68.46, 51.11, 50.00 and 53.33% respectively. The results showed that the average mortality percentages were directly proportional to the increase in the concentrations of the three insecticides.
Effect of Allelopathic Potential of some Plants Root Exudates Concerning Growth and Pathogenicity of some Fungus on Brassica oleracea Varplant
Authors: Hussien Ahmad M. , Abbas Muntaha Sabaa
Published: April 2023

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of allelopathic exudates of five plant species, namely (maize, barley, Sunflower, chard, and mung bean) concerning the release of organic substances exudated from their roots and their effect on the germination and growth of brassica oleracea var plant, as well as their impact on the growth of two isolated fungi, Rhizoctona solani and Pythium ulitmum. According to the laboratory results, chard root exudates had the highest rate of Brassica oleracea var seed germination, reaching 100%, while maize plant exudates had the lowest rate, 23.33%, compared to the control treatment, which was 100%. Sunflower and mung bean plant exudates had germination rates of 50, 43%, respectively, while barley exudates had a germination rate of 90%. Furthermore, the laboratory results also revealed discrepancy in the above-mentioned root exudates regarding the reduction of the diagonal growth of the two fungi, R.solani and P. ulitmum. Obviously, 10-day-old chard root exudates outperformed in reducing the diagonal growth of both fungi, with an average colony diameter of 0.00 cm for P. ulitmum and 1.59 cm for R.solani when compared by the control treatment (water only), which amounted to 9.00 cm. On other hand, Sunflower root exudates had the highest diagonal growth of the two fungi was reaching to 4.86 cm for R.solani and 8.50 cm for P. ulitmum. The chemical analysis of these five plants’ exudates shows that the highest concentration of the terpene compound was obtained by separating this compound from chard root exudates, using HPLC method, which amounted 3.55 55 μg/g. While the least concentration was in the maize treatment, which reached 15 μg/g. Whereas the total phenolic compounds were more concentrated in the root exudates of mung bean, which reached 52.69 μg/g, and the lowest concentration was in the root exudates of Sunflower reaching 7.89 μg/g. With regard to, the ferulic acid compound, the highest rate was observed in the root exudates of mung bean, which amounted to 19.87 μg/g, then, chard control comes in second place in which the concentration reached 10.25 μg/g. while the least concentration of the same compound was in Sunflower root exudates reached 5.69 μg/g. Seemingly, the diversity and variation of concentrations of allopathic compounds exudated from the roots of these plants, which may either negatively or positively affect the germination of Brassica oleracea var plant and the accompanying pathogenic fungi, are considered to be the cause of the varying effect of the understudied plant roots’ metabolites on germination percentages of Brassica oleracea var plant as well as in the reduction of the diagonal growth of the both fungi, R. solani and P. ulitmum.
Effect of Overwintering Time on Survival Adults of Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy in Iraq
Authors: Al-Hadrawi Tamkin I. , AllAllah Anwar Jassam
Published: April 2023

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of overwintering time on the survival adult of Eurygaster testudinaria Geoffroy in Kufa/Najaf Governorate during the season 2019-2020. The results showed there is a difference in the survival rate of females and males according to the time of laying sunn pest in the overwintering site. The results showed the lowest survival rate for adults was in the first and second treatment of placing insects in overwintering site, and the maximum survival period for adults was three months. while the highest survival rate for females and males was 100 and 98% on the fourth treatment after a month of placing insects in overwintering site respectively, then this percentage gradually decreased until reached 77 and 66% at the end of January, respectively. The results also showed that the weight of sunn pest adults differed according to the date of entry the insect into overwintering site. The highest percentage of weight loss for females and males was 2.3,3.94% and 2.26,2.08% in the first and second treatment in May after a month from Putting insects in overwintering site respectively. The lowest percentage of weight loss was0.2 and 0.21% on the fourth treatment after a month of treatment, then this percentage gradually increased reached 3.22% at the end of January for females and 4.36% in December for males.
Integrated Control of White Rot in Eggplant by using Pseudomonas flourescens, Penicillium Commune and Trichoderma asperellum in Iraq
Authors: Al-Karaawi Kadhim Z. K. , Al-Waily Dhia S.
Published: April 2023

The results of isolation and diagnosis of the fungus growing from Sclerotia and isolated from the infected explants showed that the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was isolated. The results of the antagonistic ability test of the biological resistance elements against S.sclerotiorum gave a high antagonistic ability compared to the control treatment. The treatment of P.fluorescens gave the highest percentage of inhibition against the pathogenic fungus, followed by the treatment of P.commune and T.asperellum. The results showed the efficiency of biological resistance elements, including P.fluorescens, T.asperellum and P.commune, either singly or in combination with each other, in reducing the percentage of infection severity with S.sclerotiorum under plastic house conditions and in the greenhouse, where it amounted between 5.55-50 compared to the control treatment (pathogenic fungi alone), which amounted to 94.44% and under field conditions in the greenhouse, which amounted to 5.55-66.66% compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 83.33%. It provided good protection for eggplant, which was positively reflected on all plant growth parameters, in addition to an increase in the cumulative weight of eggplant fruits.
Effect Trichoderma spp on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Aljboori Qasim H. A. , Babenko Andrey , Gulik Elena , Kurovsky A.V. , Mikhailova Svetlana
Published: April 2023

The objective this study were to determine effect of Trichoderma spp and Humic acid 60% on three Varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The study included two factors, first factor was immersion of seeds in Humic acid 60% solution Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp150Mg/l, Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp 250Mg/l, symbols T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. The second factor is three varieties of wheat (Iba99, Adina, Dijlla) and the plant variety is represented by V1, V2, V3 respectively. Treatments were Design (RCBD) with three replicates Statistics were evaluated followed by Duncan multiple range test to compare means at P< (0.05). Data presented the use of Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp250 Mg/l led to a significant increase in the studied traits as well as the interaction between variables where treatment V2T4 were highest significant increase in plant height, root length and spike length, which reached 95.07 cm plant height, 14.93 cm length Root, spike length is 11.50 cm, while treatment V1T4 were the highest significant increase in leaf reach, reaching 26.80 cm.
Isolation, Identification and Cultivation of Ganoderma spp. and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Inhibiting Plant Pathogenic Fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima
Authors: Hassan Abdullah Abdulkarem , Saadi Mahmoud Adel
Published: April 2023

Fruit bodies of three Ganoderma isolates coded by Has.AA-6, Has.AA-7 and Has.AA-8 were collected from the trunks of Poplar, Sidr and Apricot trees, respectively, from some districts in Salah al-Din Governorate. It was phenotypically diagnosed to the genus level depending on the shapes, colors and sizes of the fruit bodies as well as the internal tissues and basidiospores. Molecular diagnoses to the species level was carried out depending on the percentage of identical 5.8S rRNA gene sequences with strains of fungi in the World Genetic Bank at the NCBI. Ganoderma isolates identified as G. applanatum Has.AA-6, G. lucidum Has.AA-7 and G. resinaceum Has.AA-8, and recorded in the World Genetic Bank at the NCBI under the accession number ON834523.1, ON834541.1 and ON834527.1, respectively. The results of cultivation of Ganoderma spp. showed a superiority of the biological efficiency of the corn cobs supplemented with wheat bran, which were 27.73, 31.27, 31.64 and 32.07%, compared to unsupplemented this medium, as the biological efficiency reached 26.18, 26.67, 27.21, 27.22, and 27.22% for G. lucidum, G. applanatum, G. resinaceum and G. resinaceum 1049 respectively. The role of the filtrate, mycelium biomass and fruit bodies of Ganoderma spp. against the pathogenic fungi F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima was studied, the results showed that the extracts of all Ganoderma spp. have a significant superiority in inhibiting the growth of both pathogenic fungi compared to the control treatment, the alcoholic extract of G. resinaceum fruit bodies recorded the highest inhibition of the F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima in which the colonies diameters reached 3.21 and 2.4cm, respectively, while G. lucidum gave the lowest colony diameter of F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima, which reached 2.61 and 2.25 cm, respectively, compared to with a diameter of 8.5 cm for colonies of both pathogenic fungi in the control.
Isolation and Diagnosis of Fungi Found in the Water and Beach of Sawa Lake
Authors: jassim Sofia Jabbar , Nuaimy Ahmed Ayad Al , Makki Alyaa Adnan , Al-Waeli Hassan Abbas
Published: April 2023

In a study conducted to isolate and diagnose the fungi found in the waters and beach of Sawa Lake, it was found a number of fungi (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger and Trichothecium roseum), which had the ability to grow in PDA culture medium. It had a different frequency of appearance, it was highest in Aspergillus niger with a percentage of 32.42%, followed by the Trichothecium roseum and Fusarium solani with percentages of 25.22% and 13.24%, respectively. As for measuring the level of pathogenicity of fungal isolates on radish seeds, it was found the Trichothecium roseum gave the highest rate of inhibition of seed germination reached 90%, while Aspergillus niger gave an inhibition rate of 80% and Fusarium solani gave 60% inhibition rate of radish seed germination. The antagonistic susceptibility was also tested between fungal and six bacterial isolates using the toxic medium method, most of which were inhibiting the growth of fungi due to their production of many compounds that hindered the growth of fungi, including hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, sidrophore and IAA.
Diffusion of Agricultural Ideas Through the Website of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department on the Social Networking “YouTube”
Authors: Hussein Esraa Aziz , Mohammad Khattab Abdullah
Published: April 2023

The research aim to identify the degree of diffused of agricultural ideas through the website of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department on the social network “YouTube”, as well as to find the correlation between the degree of diffusion of agricultural ideas and the variables: (video duration, agricultural idea specialization-Appropriate time of diffusion of the agricultural idea, the number of days since the diffusion of agricultural ideas, the independence of the agricultural idea. The researchers used the descriptive approach and the method of content analysis to achieve the objectives of the research, as the content of the website of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Training was analyzed on the YouTube, which is one of the formations of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture on the link and for the period extending from (11/12/2020 to 27/12/2021), through Follow up on agricultural ideas that have been spread through the site, as the YouTube is characterized by publishing videos of different lengths of time and followers can watch, like and comment on them. One numeric value for each view, two numerical values for each like, and three values for each comment. The data were analyzed using a number of statistical methods, including range, category length, Spearman correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient and (t) test. The results showed that the number of agricultural ideas that were diffused during the research period amounted to (30) agricultural ideas, and it was found that (93.34%) of them had a low degree of publicity. While the least popular agricultural ideas were my idea (breeding domestic chickens and identifying bird flu), as it was found that there is a significant relationship between the degree of spread of agricultural ideas and each of (the specialization of the agricultural idea, and Appropriate time of diffusion) The researchers recommended activating the role of the official website of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department in a better way by introducing the site through social sites and pages in order to benefit from the ideas presented more, with the dissemination of agricultural ideas within a short period of time and at a time that suits the beneficiaries of them.
Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Peroxidase from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: Ali H. K. , Shaker K. A.
Published: April 2023

This study was aimed to extract peroxidase enzyme from the okra plant. The enzyme was extracted by using sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5, 0.2 M). The crude extract then precipitated at the saturation range between 20 – 70 % and dialyzed. Further purified carried out through ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose column (2.5 × 40 cm). The purified peroxidase had a molecular weight of 43.651KDa, and optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity about 6.5 and 55°C using pyrogallol and H2O2 as substrate. The specific activity, fold of purification and yield of purified peroxidase were 87.5U/mg, 6.57 and 33.30% respectively.