bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conventional Blind Method Versus SORT Manoeuvre of Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Anaesthetised Patients: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Dhakal Saroojini Divyaa , Sarkar Susanta , Bhattacharyya Chiranjib , Mandal Mohanchandra
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Nasogastric Tube (NGT) placement is frequently performed in the preoperative period and critical care scenario. The SORT manoeuvre, a comparatively new method of NGT placement, is comprised of four components such as Sniffing position, Orientation of NGT, Rotation of patient’s head to the contralateral side of the nostril being used, and Twisting movements of hand. Any obstruction during introduction of NGT is managed with withdrawal of NGT a bit, and proceeding again, to find the path of least resistance, thereby reducing injury. Aim: To determine the efficacy of SORT manoeuvre in comparison with the conventional blind method of NGT insertion in anaesthetised intubated adult patients. Materials and Methods: The interventional, single-blinded, parallel group, randomised study was conducted in Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, a Government Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. A total of 202 adult patients, undergoing abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia, and requiring intraoperative NGT placement were recruited for this study. The study spanned between February 2019 to April 2020. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive NGT placement using either conventional blind technique (group B, n=101) or SORT manoeuvre (group S, n=101). The proportion of patients in each group with successful NGT placement in a single attempt was recorded. The procedure time, haemodynamic parameters and the incidence of adverse events were also noted. Chi-square test, Fisher’s-exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and t-test were applied as appropriate according to the nature of data. Results: Successful NGT insertion in a single attempt was possible in 95 patients (94%) using SORT maneuver in comparison with 78 patients (77.2%) using conventional blind method (p-value=0.0006). The procedure time was longer using SORT method compared with that using blind method (25 vs 22 seconds, respectively; p-value=0.024). The incidence of all types of adverse events were found to be considerably lower in patients receiving NGT placement using SORT manoeuvre. In both the groups, coiling was found to be the most common adverse event and that was also considerably low with the SORT method compared with blind method (21.8% vs 43.6%, respectively; p-value=0.001). Conclusion: The SORT manoeuvre appears to be a better alternative to conventional technique for NGT insertion in anaesthetised intubated adult patients, in terms of higher success rate and lower adverse events.
Unit Monsef Distribution with Regression Model
Authors: Abd El-Monsef M. M. E. , Sohsah N. M. , Hassanein W. A.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper is introduced a new distribution with one parameter called unit Monsef distribution (UMD) with it is regression model since it is more fitting than well-known distributions in educational attainment data , derived from a transformation on Monsef distribution. it is probability function has been generated also distribution function. reliability function and hazard function, some of statistical measures are investigated such like moments of origin point, central moments, Lorenz and Bonferroni curves also stress strengths parameter are investigated. parameter estimated is obtained by using more than method like maximum likelihood method, method of moment and least square method. the simulation scheme for unit Monsef parameters. Finally, real data is used for studying the flexibility of UMD also applied on UMD regression model compared with others well Known distributions.
Physical and Engineering Properties of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Grown in Malappuram District of Kerala, India
Authors: Alankar Ashok Pachanagne , Shivaji K. P.
Published: January 2022

Coconut (Cocous nucifera), also known as the "tree of heaven," is one of the most important marketable crops in tropical countries. Research and commercialization of the technology is needed as to provide an additional source of income and to improve the economic status of the farmers and the country. Some physical and engineering features such as size, weight, sphericity, roundness, volume, and density were researched as part of the steps toward developing processing and handling equipment for coconuts. Major diameter varied from 132.23 mm to 101.45 mm with a mean value of 117.24 mm, the seed volume varied from 713.45 cm3 to 425.88 cm3, with an average density of 1.0427 g cm-3. The roundness ranges from 0.4607 to 0.8216 with a mean value of 0.6490 and the sphericity ranges from 0.7304 to 0.9561 with a mean value of 0.8330.
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Workers at an Oil Company, Pointe-Noire (Congo)
Authors: Ebatetou Ataboho Ebenguela , Ngambou Marliti Nguissaliki
Published: January 2022

Objective: To identify the determinants of acceptance for vaccination against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from May to June 2021 among oil company workers. The data was collected using a questionnaire designed with KoboCollect software, the link to which was emailed to the workers.

Results: Of the company’s 703 workers, 224 (31.86%) consented to the study, of whom 172 (76.78%) were men and 52 (23.21%) were women. The vaccination acceptance rate was 45.09%. The median age of workers who accepted vaccination was 42 years compared to 37 years for those who did not. There was no influence on sex (p=0.64549), marital status (p>0.05), previous COVID-19 infection (p=0.11588), and information received on COVID-19 and vaccination (p=0.58804). On the other hand, education level (p=0.04230); 55.7% of managers (p=0.000001), 50% of clerical staff (p=0.02846), 57.83% of staff with COVID-19-related deaths in their environment (p=0.00328) and 68.06% of workers with vaccinated surroundings (p=0.00000) were in favor of vaccination. The main reasons for refusing vaccination or hesitation were the lack of regression on vaccines and the fear of developing side reactions

Conclusion: The refusal/hesitation rate is a concern. Several barriers have been identified, and efforts should be intensified to overcome these barriers.
Residual Effect of Various Types of Vermicomposts on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Rice-pulses Cropping System
Authors: Niivedidhaa B. S. R. , Maragatham N. , Thavaprakaash N. , Santhy P. , Maheswari M.
Published: January 2022

The residual effect of vermicomposts applied on preceding rice crop to the succeeding greengram under the rice- pulses cropping system was studied. The experiment was conducted at the wetland farms, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore by following the randomized complete block design (RBD) with 11 treatments and replicated thrice. After harvest of rice, greengram was raised as residual crop. The treatments followed were vermicomposts prepared from Eudrilus eugeniae + paddy straw (T1), Eudrilus eugeniae + coconut wastes (T2), Eudrilus eugeniae + Vegetable wastes(T3), Eudrilus eugeniae + farm wastes(T4), Eudrilus eugeniae + farm yard manure (FYM) (T5), Eisenia foetida + pady straw(T6), Eisenia foetida + coconut wastes(T7), Eisenia foetida + vegetable wastes(T8), Eisenia foetida + farm wastes(T9), Eisenia foetida + farm yard manure (FYM) (T10) and absolute control (T11). The result indicated that there was a residual effect of vermicompost in the greengram crop after rice. The residual effect in the treatment T2 (Eudrilus eugeniae + coconut wastes) found superior on growth parameters of greengram viz., plant height, drymatter production (DMP) and number of pods plant-1 and on seed and haulm yields than all other treatments. The treatment T2 (Eudrilus eugeniae + coconut wastes) was comparable to the treatment T7 (Eisenia foetida + coconut wastes). The lower growth and yield were found in the treatment Absolute control (T11). Among the treatments, the coconut wastes with the earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia foetida performed well with better growth and yield of the greengram crop than the other wastes.
Hedonic Sensory Quality of Maize Grains Conserved by A Triple Bagging and Biopesticides System (Leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Hyptis suaveolens Poit)
Authors: Félix N’Dri Kouakou , Daouda Sidibe , Ysidor Konan , Coulibaly Adama , Constant Konan K. , G. Biego Henri Marius
Published: January 2022

In Côte d'Ivoire, inefficient storage Practices which can be dangerous to consumers' safety and to the environment are hampering the widespread availability of cereals, especially maize. Thus, a triple bagged system with or without plant biopesticides (Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens leaves) was used in this study to determine its effectiveness in preserving the hedonic sensory qualities of the grains for a period of 18 months under a 3-factor central composite design (CCD). The first CCD factor consisted of 6 observation periods: 0; 1; 4.5; 9.5; 14.5 and 18 months. The second factor was the type of treatment, which included a control lot with a polypropylene bag (NT) and 9 experimental lots, one of which was triple bagged without biopesticides (MGT1 and the other eight (8) lots containing varying proportions and/or combinations of biopesticides (MGT2 to MGT9). Finally, the third factor concerned the combination of the two biopesticides with the percentage (%) of Lippia multiflora as reference. Treated and stored maize kernels were periodically removed and processed into porridge for sensory analysis using a 9-point hedonic scale. The sensory parameters studied were color, taste, aroma, smell, mouthfeel and overall acceptability. The results showed that storage of maize grains in a triple bagging and biopesticide system for up to 18 months did not affect the hedonic sensory attributes studied. The porridges made from these grains were therefore judged pleasant by the panelists throughout the storage period. On the other hand, the porridges produced from grains stored in a polypropylene bag (NT) were considered unpalatable by the panelists after only 4.5 months of storage with respect to these sensory parameters evaluated. The results of the PCA and CAH analysis showed that the incorporation of at a minimum of 1.01% biopesticides (Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens leaves) in the triple bagging systems made the conservation better and maintained the organoleptic properties of the maize grains throughout the 18-month period.
Bronchial Asthma in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Dhabalia Sameer , Acharya Sourya
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease also (COVID 19) a worldwide pandemic contagious infection produced through the Coronavirus SAR.S-CoV2, and aberrant, overactive immunity and "chemokines" have been hypothesized as possible pathogenic reasons for rapid COVID 19 development. Because of a poor viral immunogenic reaction with a potential for aggravation evoked by groups of similar respiratory virus, asthmatic patients have increased susceptibility to and severe forms of covid infection. Existing research, however, has not found an anticipated proportion of patients with asthma between COVID patient. Features of the immune responses of type2 nature, such as type2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13 and eosinophil buildup, may give protection against the Corona virus. Furthermore, traditional asthma treatments like as inhalation of corticosteroid, AIT (allergens immunotherapy), and monoclonal antibodies (anti-IgE) may minimize the chance for disease by the causative agent in asthmatics by reducing inflammation and strengthening antiviral defense. The connections between COVID along asthma need to be researched upon more. Infection with a respiratory virus causes up to eighty percent of acute asthma attacks in kids and 50% of similar instances in adults, with Rhinovirus (RV) being the most common cause. (1) CoVs are also seen in asthma exacerbations, with an 8.4 % frequency. Surprisingly, no cases of asthma attacks have been reported as a result of COVID-19. As a result, during the SARS and MERS outbreaks, there seem to be minimal reports of asthma attacks. Such specific events still have to be thoroughly documented. The study's main goal was to find out how common asthma was among COVID-19 participants. COVID-19 was used to examine asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients' clinical features and comorbidities. We also looked at the possibility of being admitted to the hospital as a result of asthma and/or the usage of inhaled corticosteroids.
Morphometric Analysis and Variation of Pterion, Asterion and Lambda in Dry Human Skulls and Its Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Karunakaran Sadhana , Mohanraj Karthik Ganesh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pterion is a H- shaped sutural junction of the frontal, parietal, squamous part of the temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone. Asterion is a sutural junction of lambdoid, parietomastoid and occipitomastoid sutures. Lambda is the junction where lambdoid sutures and sagittal sutures meet. These sutures play an important role in infants' brain development. Flexibility of these allows the bones to overlap and hence it can pass through the brain canal easily without any damage to the brain.

Aim: To analyse pterion asterion and lambda of dry human skulls morphologically and morphometrically and determine its sexual dimorphism.

Materials and Methods: 40 dry human skulls were collected from the department of Anatomy of Saveetha dental college and hospitals. By excluding abnormal and damaged skulls, 20 skulls were studied. Out of 20 skulls, 11 were male skulls and 9 were female skulls. On investigation, Pterion was classified into four types: Sphenoparietal, stellate, Epipteric and Frontotemporal. Asterion was classified into types: Type-1 and Type-2 based on the presence and absence of wormian bones respectively. Lamda was classified into two types: Normal and Abnormal. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. Paired Sample T test was used to analyse the data.

Results: Percentage of occurrence of different types of pterion in males and females: Sphenoparietal (59.09 % of males and 59.09 % of females), Stellate (27.7% of males and 22.2% of females), Epipteric (99% of males and 16.6% of females) and Frontotemporal (45.5% of males and 5.5% of females). Different types of Asterion: Type-1 (13.63% of males and 16.66 % of females and Type -2 (86.63% of males and 83.33% of females). Different types of Lambda: Normal (90.9% of males and 94.4% of females), Abnormal (9% of males and 5.55% of females).

Conclusion: In the present study, there was no correlation between the male and female skulls in the presence of Pterion, Asterion and Lambda. Therefore these cannot be used as reliable parameters for determining sexual dimorphism.
Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment Management in Allopathy
Authors: Meghrajani Vanee , Bakre Anand , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil
Published: January 2022

This article summarizes the literature related to the pathogenic mechanisms and treatment options for multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is not known, both genetic and environmental factors are known to play a role. The risk factor that is strongly associated with MS Epstein-Barr infection. Other factors subjected to modification are childhood obesity, smoking and vitamin deficient individuals. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor has been proposed to explain the increase in prevalence of MS with increase in the latitude. The pathogenesis involves a response which is mediated by T-cell directed against myelin and other similar proteins. The function of B-cells in the disease process is not known. Recent advancements in the understanding of multiple sclerosis has led to development of disease modifying therapies, which in turn has led to a decrease in severity of the disease and relapse rates. Disease modifying therapies act by modulating or suppressing the immune system. Moreover, several drugs have shown effectiveness in certain studies. A number of treatment options have now become available making treatment of MS possible. The management of MS is divided into 3 categories:

Treatment of Exacerbations

Slowing disease progression with Disease modifying therapies

Symptomatic treatment
Effectiveness of Online Practical Exercises among Third-year Dental Undergraduate Students - A Questionnaire-based Survey
Authors: Amrithaashri S. , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: When teachers and students synthesize knowledge from multiple subjects and experiences, objectively weigh dramatically different viewpoints, and integrate various inquiries, education may become transformative. Online applications have been marketed as effective and well-accepted methods for improving student learning in health professional education, including physiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of online technology for physiotherapy teaching and learning, as well as user expectations. Educators may create such opportunities by encouraging students to develop their capacities for study, creativity, critical synthesis, creative expression, self-awareness, and intentionality in critical learning spaces.

Materials and Methods: Survey was distributed to third-year undergraduate students. It suggests that most of the students are aware of online practical classes and also they have knowledge about online classes.

Results and Discussion: It is concluded that types of classes students prefer, 69% prefer online classes, 31% prefer offline classes, gaining of knowledge in online classes 91% can gain knowledge, 9% are not able to gain knowledge, Preference in online classes 49% preferred theories, 49% prefer practical classes, 2% prefer none Association between gender and preferences of online practical classes was done using chi-square test p=2, p>0.05 which is found to be statistically not significant.

Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the students are aware, and students also have knowledge about online practical exercises and classes, the results and this study was compared with other studies.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Mesh Repair in Treatment of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Narladkar Vinay , Gharde Pankaj
Published: January 2022

Hernia, in the definition means to actually protrude. Inguinal Hernia is more common among all the hernias. Hernia repair is the most common surgery performed in all medical institutions. Inguinal Hernia (repair) is the most common performed surgery operatio. The contents of Ithe nguinal canal are, Spermatic cord and Ilioinguinal nerve Inguinaln Hernia presents in two types Indirect and direct hernia. Indirect type is the most common. The prevalence of Inguinal Hernia specifically is more common in males which is 25% and in females is 2%. As known till date, Treatment of hernia is a definitive surgery. 10-15% of hernias are direct. 50% of direct hernias that occur are of bilateral origin. And 35% of Inguinal hernias are direct. Etiology of hernia is-Chronic cough Smoking Straining Constipation Heavy work and Previous appendicectomy When in late 1984, Author Lichtenstein coined the term Tension-free hernioplasty, it changed the conventional surgrical technique by making mesh hernia repair more common. When in 1990 laparoscopic tension free technique which was introduced it was being promoted that it causes less pain shorter recovery period. There are multiple repair techniques for Inguinal hernia. This is a most common occurrence in men which does not have a particular effective surgical technique. This study is to determine wheather which technique is comparitivly more effective and useful in the future which will be effective as well as economical. This specific study required a meta analysis of randomised control trials. There are multifactorial reasons for deciding which srugical technique is best.
Psychological and Neuropsychiatric Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Authors: Esmail Mustafa Elsaied , Alhazouri Mohamad Abdulrahman , Modahka Nourah Abdulaziz Al , Alhassan Haidar Nasser , Zabran Arwa Abdullah , Almutawah Ali Jafar , Almutairi Bandar Badar , AlQadhib Ali Shaker , Alshuaib Hamad Abdulaziz , Dhafar Safaa Khalid , Alalwani Amr Jumah
Published: January 2022

Viruses are abundant, and several have been found to infect the CNS, resulting in neuropsychiatric disorders affecting the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and perceptual domains. As the pandemic of the disease now known as COVID-19 has progressed, the psychological ramifications of the sickness have become more widely recognized. The present COVID-19 pandemic could have psychological effects for numerous causes. Certain situations, such as pervasive anxiety, social isolation, stress in health-care employees and other social workers, unemployment, and financial troubles, may make both infected and non-infected people vulnerable. Furthermore, psychological distress was found to be adversely linked with suggested health behaviours to reduce infection risk and favourably associated with non-recommended behaviours in quarantine conditions. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the psychological and neuropsychiatric long-term effects of COVID-19. According to the existing literature, the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative influence on mental health, particularly in older persons with and without dementia. Viral infection, as well as the social isolation that follows in order to prevent it from spreading, has a variety of neuropsychiatric repercussions. To clarify such impacts and assess the long-term ramifications for the mental health of older persons, as well as explore alternative mitigating techniques, larger and more robustly designed research studies are needed.
Restless Leg Syndrome in Dormitory and Its Relationship with Sleep Quality
Authors: Aljaffer Mohammed Abdullah , Alrajhi Abdulrahman Mohammed , Basamad Salem Wadie , Alhothaly Saud Khalaf
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Restless legs syndrome, is a widespread, chronic, multifactorial movement condition of the limbs in which patients have an insatiable need to move their legs.

It was linked to poor quality sleep among students.

Objective: This study aim to explore The Relationship between them among health sciences students who live in dormitory.

Methods: We conducted a Quantitative cross-sectional observation study by using a validated questionnaire targeting Health sciences students and compare to those who live in dormitory Summary statistics for the data are presented in the form of numbers and percentages for categorical variables. A mean score for restless leg symptoms and quality of sleep was calculated. A higher score reflects severe symptoms or poor sleep quality.

IBM SPSS 26 for windows software was used for the analysis, and a P-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 148 students participated in this study. The highest percentage of participants are from the faculty of medicine (58.1%), while participants from other health sciences faculties ranged from 5.4% to 14.2%. 58.1% of the participants are living in the dorms.

The relationships between dormitory and restless leg syndrome average score and with sleep quality average score were studied using independent sample t test. The results showed no statistically significant difference between those living in the dorms and those outside the dorms in any of the scores. Even though the results showed no statistically significant difference between students of different faculties in the sleep quality score.

Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference regarding living in dorms, but there was a statistically significant difference regarding the faculties.
Review on Surgical Management of Esophageal Rupture Saudi Arabia, Review Article
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Aljudaibi Fatmah Khalid , Alarayedh Zainab Ali , Ali D. Alazmi, Dalal , Yousef Y. Arishi, Dekra , Mohammed A. Alomair, Abdulrahman , Zarbah Zarbah, Jaber Mohammed J. , Alhawkash Suhair Mohammed , Abada Nedal Hatem , Alshammari Sarah Fahad , Shams Aseel Adel , Alamer Rahaf Ahmed , Shaya E. Alotaibi, Hamoud , Althobaiti Hazem Khairan , Abbad Noor Ameen Al
Published: January 2022

Esophageal rupture presents a significant interprofessional challenge to the entire therapeutic team. The majority of symptoms are non-specific, which can significantly delay the time between perforation and final diagnosis. An esophageal rupture can be caused by a variety of pathophysiological factors.  Instruments such as endoscope causes an elevation in the wall tension, particularly iatrogenic interventions, or a massive rise in intraluminal pressure caused by throwing up, chest injury, or abdominal injuries are the main stressors.  The choice of the management plan and its outcome depends mainly on the site of the rupture.  Although the perforation can occur at any site of the esophagus, there is a tendency to main areas that correspond to natural points of narrowing of the lumen. If esophageal rupture requires surgery, patients should be transported to the operating room as soon as feasible. Minor delays in surgical therapy can lead to higher rates of morbidity and fatality. This review aims to summarize current evidence on etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of esophageal rupture.
A Secure Block Chain Based Contract Manufacturing System for Pharma Industries Using Imperative Ant Loop Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Saini Neha , Bhanu Arvind P.
Published: January 2022

Manufacturers that work under contract for another firm may make their goods under their own brand or label. Using their own or their clients' designs, formulas, and needs as a guide, contract manufacturers perform this service. The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on contract manufacturing. Due to a lack of capital, some companies are unable to obtain the required equipment for large-scale mass production of certain chemicals. In order to create the final product, they can work with a third-party chemical manufacturer to obtain the necessary chemicals and combine them with their own resources. An organization should carefully assess the benefits and drawbacks of contract manufacturing before committing to this strategy. There may be advantages to contract manufacturing, if the company works with the right service provider capable of delivering high-quality products. The contract manufacturing system proposed in this study is a blockchain-based solution for the pharmaceutical business. Initially, the customer uploads the order details that are preprocessed using normalization method.  The preprocessed data is authenticated using the crypto smart contracts before being stored in the blockchain ledger. Then the stored data can be encrypted for security purpose by using the triple MD5 algorithm. Finally, the trust of the order data is evaluated using the proposed Imperative Ant loop optimization algorithm. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, we use the MATLAB simulation programme to compare it to other approaches.
Sub-foveal Choroidal Thickness in Primary Macular Hole- case Study of Lumhs, Jamshoro
Authors: Jatoi Asadullah , Mahesar Mona Liza , Shaikh Noman Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Background: Primary macular hole is a defect in fovea and is a frequent cause of decrease vision and metamorphopsia. Primary macular Hole (PMH) was first time introduced by Johnson and Gass in 1988.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the sub-foveal choroidal thickness in primary macular hole.

Materials and Methods: This prospective and controlled study was done at Institute of Ophthalmology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro for the period one year. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen Chart and ophthalmic examination was done with bio-microscopic slit lamp using 90 diopter (D) lens pre-operatively and post-operatively. Swept Source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to confirm the diagnosis, outcome of PMH surgery, to measure choroidal thickness of both eyes preoperatively and postoperatively at the end 2nd month.

Results: From the selected patients, the average ages was 63 year, ranging between 46 to 80 years and from them 45 were females and 26 were males. 41 were right eye and 30 were left eye. PMH characteristics was used for the determination of duration of symptoms and minimum hole diameter, In 63 patients hole was closed and in 8 patients the hole was opened. The average duration of symptom was 5 months and Average minimum diameter was 320 μm and range was 139-650 μm among the patients with closed hole.

Conclusion: Sub-foveal CT was thinner in eyes with PMH as compared to fellow normal eye. But it was not related with anatomical results of PMH surgery. The sub-foveal CT reduced thickness is due to longer duration and larger minimum diameter of PMH.
Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities- in vitro Study
Authors: Hajlaoui Hafedh , Arraouadi Soumaya , Noumi Emira , Snoussi Mejdi , Kadri Adel
Published: January 2022

The present investigated chemical composition of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO) extracted by hydrodistillation. The MOEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing the presence of thirty compounds, representing 98.46% of the oil constituents. The predominant components were 1,8-cineole (39.80%) followed by citronellol (16.66%), geraniol (12.25%), myrcene (5.85%) and geranial (5.45%). The antioxidant potential of MOEO has been summarized using DPPH test (IC50), superoxide anion (O2−·) scavenging activity (IC50), β-carotene (IC50) and reducing power (FRAP) (EC50). Results demonstrate strong scavenging superoxide anion capacity and moderate to weaker activity against the other assays. Potent inhibitory effect has been observed towards Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus as well as the Candida albicans ATCC 90028, C. tropicalis (Strain 1) and C. albicans (Strain 8). Our work provides a view for the further studies on the antioxidant and antimicrobial of the MOEO and its main components.
GC-MS Profile, α-glucosidase Inhibition Potential, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Peels Citrus aurantium (L), Essential Oil
Authors: Hajlaoui Hafedh , Arraouadi Soumaya , Aouadi Kaïss , Snoussi Mejdi , Noumi Emira , Kadri Adel
Published: January 2022

This study was designed to analyze the chemical composition of Citrus aurantium Essential Oil (CAEO) peels and to evaluate α-glucosidase inhibition potential, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. According to GC-MS analyses, 37 compounds were identified with limonene was the most abundant (62.2%). Majority of the identified compounds belong to hydrocarbon monoterpenes fraction (75.7%), followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (19.16%). CAEO α-glucosidase inhibition outlined an important activity with IC50 = 10±1 mg/mL. Moreover, antioxidant activity revealed that CAEO exhibited a potent scavenging effect through 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.) (IC50=33.66 µg/mL) and an important ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity (EC50=98.67 µg/mL). Antimicrobial data demonstrate that CAEO was active against a panel of pathogenic bacteria and that CAEO was able to destroy bacterial cells (bactericidal) according to the MBC/MIC ratios towards Gram+ and Gram- tested strains.
Charged sequence motifs increase the propensity towards liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Szabó András László , Sánta Anna , Pancsa Rita , Gáspári Zoltán
Published: January 2022

Protein phase separation is a major governing factor in multiple cellular processes, such as RNA metabolism and those involving RNA‐binding proteins. Despite many key observations, the exact structural characteristics of proteins involved in the phase separation process are still not fully deciphered. In this work, we show that proteins harbouring sequence regions with specific charged residue patterns are significantly associated with liquid–liquid phase separation. In particular, regions with repetitive arrays of alternating charges show the strongest association, whereas segments with generally high charge density and single α‐helices also show detectable but weaker connections.
BGU‐MF: Ben‐Gurion University Math Fluency test
Authors: Gliksman Yarden , Berebbi Shir , Hershman Ronen , Henik Avishai
Published: January 2022

Math fluency (MF) is the ability to quickly and accurately solve simple math exercises. Proficiency in MF is one of the buildings of arithmetic achievement during school. However, so far only paper and pencil tests have been used to assess MF. In the current study, we present the BGU‐MF (Ben‐Gurion University Math Fluency) test, a new computerized tool for MF. MF was assessed by accuracy rates, response times, and the number of performed exercises. In order to examine its reliability, participants performed the test twice. In order to examine its validity, participants performed manual format of MF from the Woodcock–Johnson battery. Results indicated high reliability and validity of the BGU‐MF test. Performance in the BGU‐MF also predicted abilities in the math matriculation exam and psychometric exam. The advantages of the BGU‐MF computerized tool over the manual tool and further implications of the BGU‐MF are discussed.
Encouraging source monitoring after post‐event information exposure for analogue trauma
Authors: Nahleen Sasha , Strange Deryn , Nixon Reginald D. V. , Takarangi Melanie K. T.
Published: January 2022

Trauma victims often come to remember experiencing more trauma than they initially reported. Our experiments are the first to investigate a plausible mechanism for this memory amplification, namely, that people incorporate new details contained in post‐event information (PEI) into their event memory. In Experiment 1, participants viewed traumatic photographs, and completed recognition memory tests before and 24‐h after PEI exposure. As predicted, PEI distorted traumatic memory. In Experiments 2 and 3, we found that encouraging source monitoring reduced PEI‐related errors regardless of whether the delay period between memory tests was shorter (24 h; Experiment 2) or longer (1 week; Experiment 3). Our results suggest that evaluating the source of traumatic photos increases source monitoring, making people resistant to inaccurate PEI.
Decentralized finite‐time control for a class of large‐scale systems with symmetrically interconnected subsystems
Authors: Sun Hongfei , Ye Xiaohao , Tang Zeyu
Published: January 2022

The finite‐time stability (FTS) of a symmetrically interconnected system is studied under the consideration of utilizing the system structural properties to reduce the complexity of analysis. The FTS of this kind of large‐scale system can be guaranteed by that of two lower dimensional systems. The concept of mixed stability, taking care of both transient and steady‐state performances of a system, is introduced. Based on the FTS analysis, a decentralized finite‐time controller via state feedback is given to stabilize the large‐scale system. Meanwhile, an observer‐based decentralized output feedback controller is provided to make the closed‐loop system finite‐time stable. The FTS conditions and related decentralized stabilization controller parameters are both derived from solving some differential or algebraic linear matrix inequalities.
Recent Progress of Micro/Nanorobots for Cell Delivery and Manipulation
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Zhou Hao , Zhang Bin , Cao Qinghua , Wang Bo , Ma Xing
Published: January 2022

Micro/nanorobots have attracted significant interest in the biomedical field due to their micro/nano scale sizes and autonomously untethered motions. Meanwhile, stem cell‐based therapy has emerged as a promising approach to cure previously irreparable degenerative diseases by virtue of the stem cells’ differentiation and regeneration. To ensure the efficiency of the stem cell delivery, developing suitable and reliable cell‐transport systems is essential. Micro/nanorobots aimed at cell transport have progressed in recent years, which can perform this crucial step of cell delivery accurately and noninvasively during cell‐based therapy. Herein, a review of the design and fabrication technologies and actuation mechanisms of cell‐transport microrobots is presented. The applications of the micro/nanorobotic cell‐manipulation and cell‐transport platforms are discussed, as well as the current challenges and the future perspectives in translation of microrobots from research stage to clinical applications.
Synergistic Polarization Loss of MoS2‐Based Multiphase Solid Solution for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Ma Zhenhui , Lan Di , Zhao Zehao , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing , Hou Yanglong
Published: January 2022

Given tunable hybridization structures in solid solutions, fascinating electromagnetic (EM) properties can be achieved for regulating EM wave (EMW) absorption. Herein, a novel metal–organic cooperative interactions method is proposed to manipulate the vacancy, interstitial, substitutional, and heterointerface structures in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid solution simultaneously, thence meeting the synergistic polarization loss on various point and face sites. Assisted by the coordination between Cu2+ and polydopamine (PDA), the effect of Cu modification on MoS2 is highly improved, which further lead to polarization loss on S vacancy, interstitial Cu, substitutional N, and heterointerface between carbon and MoS2. Contributing to the synergetic effect among multiple polarizations, the Cu/C@MoS2 solid solution exhibit ultrahigh EMW absorption performance, of which EMA with twice PDA delivers the effective absorption bandwidth of 7.12 GHz and minimum reflection loss of −48.22 dB (2.5 mm). The energy attenuation of Cu/C@MoS2 improved almost 266.7% and 222.2% than C@MoS2 and Cu@MoS2, respectively. Finally, this work reveals the structural dependency of solid solution materials of EMW absorption and establishes an entirely new polarization loss model.
Regulating the Local Spin State and Band Structure in Ni3S2 Nanosheet for Improved Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wang Zongpeng , Shen Shijie , Lin Zhiping , Tao Weiying , Zhang Qinghua , Meng Fanqi , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu
Published: January 2022

The separate modulation of the adsorption of *O and *OOH is challenging in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which results in a large overpotential and slow kinetics. To balance the adsorption of the two active species, here, a way to regulate the local spin state and band structure simultaneously in Ni3S2 nanosheets is reported. The adequate doping of W heteroatoms causes the electron depletion from the Ni active site, which modulates the spin state of eg electrons, weakening the adsorption of *O. Additionally, the introduction of S vacancies contributes to the upshift of the d band center, which strengthens the adsorption of *OOH. In this manner, the adsorption of Ni3S2 for the active intermediates is optimized, resulting in a considerably improved overpotential of 246 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1. This work provides insights into the exploration of OER catalysts through synergistic modulation of the spin state and the band structure.
The Role of Oxygen Transfer in Oxide Heterostructures on Functional Properties
Authors: Corey Zachary , Han Henry H. , Kang Kyeong Tae , Wang Xuejing , Lalk Rebecca A. , Paudel Binod , Roy Pinku , Sharma Yogesh , Yoo Jinkyoung , Jia Quanxi , Chen Aiping
Published: January 2022

A variety of mechanisms are reported to play critical roles in contributing to the high carrier/electron mobility in oxide/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures. By using La0.95Sr0.05TiO3 (LSTO) epitaxially grown on different single crystal substrates (such as STO, GdScO3, LaAlO3, (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7, and CeO2 buffered STO) as the model systems, the formation of a conducting substrate surface layer (CSSL) on STO substrate is shown at relatively low growth temperature and high oxygen pressure (725 °C, 5 × 10–4 Torr), which contributes to the enhanced conductivity of the LSTO/STO heterostructures. Different from the conventional oxygen vacancy model, this work reveals that the formation of the CSSL occurs when growing an oxide layer (LSTO in this case) on STO, while neither annealing nor the growth of an Au layer alone at the exact same growth condition generates the CSSL in STO. It demonstrates that the oxide layer actively pulls oxygen from STO substrate at given growth conditions, leading to the formation of the CSSL. The observations emphasize the oxygen transfer across film/substrate interface during the synthesis of oxide heterostructures playing a critical role in functional properties.
Combination of MRI‐Guided High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Bioluminescent Biological Systems to Assess Thermal Therapies for Tumor and Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Jeanjean Pauline , El Hamrani Dounia , Genevois Coralie , Quesson Bruno , Couillaud Franck
Published: January 2022

This work presents an integrated technology for assessing in vivo anticancer treatments in mice, based on various heating conditions. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is used to assess the physiological response of tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) to heat treatment induced by magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU). Transgenic tumor cells and mouse models with either constitutive or thermo‐induced luciferase expressions are combined to monitor cell viability and heat‐induced processes in the tumor and TME. BLI performed after MRgHIFU heating shows that a moderate increase in temperature (45 °C) over 5 min can be exploited to promote heat‐activable treatments in the tumor and its TME, without inducing direct cell death. A higher temperature rise over a shorter exposure time can induce cell death in the tumor, as revealed by a reduction in the BLI signal after treatment. Under these conditions, BLI also reveals that the TME can be stimulated by heat without inducing necrosis. These integrated technologies and models are useful to assess, in vivo in mice, the efficacy of various anticancer strategies exploiting local heat deposition by noninvasive MRgHIFU, including those combining tumor ablation with local drug administration using thermosensitive nanovehicles.
Compressive Space Dynamics Manipulation Enabling Wearable Fiber Sensors for Highly Sensitive Human Micromotion Monitoring
Authors: Ke Longwei , Liu Jinhua , Hu Yunfeng , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaopei , Wang Yisha , Luo Yan , Wang Wenqing , Yan Yan , Lin Huijuan , Rui Kun , Zhu Jixin , Zhu Yi
Published: January 2022

Wearable electronic devices have received much attention for their potential applications in soft robotics, human‐machine interaction, and human motion detection. Herein, a high‐performance wearable fiber sensor is constructed for monitoring human micromotion by enabling compressive space dynamics manipulation. The developed sensor depends on the porous microstructure of vanadium pentoxide@ reduced graphene oxide fiber and endows it high sensitivity in sensing. Importantly, the sensor still presents a similar porous structure compared with the initial state even after thousands of repeated bending‐releasing cycles, ensuring a long‐term stability. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of multiple fibers can broaden the detection range and further improve the sensitivity. Consequently, the assembled multi‐fiber sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (a gauge factor value of 245.1) and an excellent stability (4000 cycles). Finally, these sensors are successfully applied to monitor small‐scale human movements, showing tremendous potential as wearable electronics.
Bortezomib‐Encapsulated Dual Responsive Copolymeric Nanoparticles for Gallbladder Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Chen Mingyu , Juengpanich Sarun , Li Shijie , Topatana Win , Lu Ziyi , Zheng Qiang , Cao Jiasheng , Hu Jiahao , Chan Esther , Hou Lidan , Chen Jiang , Chen Fang , Liu Yu , Jiansirisomboon Sukanda , Gu Zhen , Tongpeng Suparat , Cai Xiujun
Published: January 2022

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. As a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BTZ) exhibits excellent antitumor ability in GBC. However, the long‐term treatment efficacy is limited by its resistance, poor stability, and high toxicity. Herein, BTZ‐encapsulated pH‐responsive copolymeric nanoparticles with estrone (ES‐NP(BTZ; Ce6)) for GBC‐specific targeted therapy is reported. Due to the high estrogen receptor expression in GBC, ES‐NP(BTZ; Ce6) can rapidly enter the cells and accumulate near the nucleus via ES‐mediated endocytosis. Under acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and 808 nm laser irradiation, BTZ is released and ROS is generated by Ce6 to destroy the “bounce‐back” response pathway proteins, such as DDI2 and p97, which can effectively inhibit proteasomes and increase apoptosis. Compared to the traditional treatment using BTZ monotherapy, ES‐NP(BTZ; Ce6) can significantly impede disease progression at lower BTZ concentrations and improve its resistance. Moreover, ES‐NP(BTZ; Ce6) demonstrates similar antitumor abilities in patient‐derived xenograft animal models and five other types of solid tumor cells, revealing its potential as a broad‐spectrum antitumor formulation.
Aorta Regulatory T Cells with a Tissue‐Specific Phenotype and Function Promote Tissue Repair through Tff1 in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Li Jingyong , Xia Ni , Li Dan , Wen Shuang , Qian Shirui , Lu Yuzhi , Gu Muyang , Tang Tingting , Jiao Jiao , Lv Bingjie , Nie Shaofang , Hu Desheng , Liao Yuhua , Yang Xiangping , Shi Guoping , Cheng Xiang
Published: January 2022

In addition to maintaining immune tolerance, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) perform specialized functions in tissue homeostasis and remodeling. However, whether Tregs in aortic aneurysms have a tissue‐specific phenotype and function is unclear. Here, a special group of Tregs that potentially inhibit abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression are identified and functionally characterized. Aortic Tregs gradually increase during the process of AAA and are mainly recruited from peripheral circulation. Single‐cell TCR sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing demonstrate their unique phenotype and highly expressed trefoil factor 1 (Tff1). Foxp3cre/creTff1flox/flox mice are used to clarify the role of Tff1 in AAA, suggesting that aortic Tregs secrete Tff1 to regulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) survival. In vitro experiments confirm that Tff1 inhibits SMC apoptosis through the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. The findings reveal a tissue‐specific phenotype and function of aortic Tregs and may provide a promising and novel approach for the prevention of AAA.
A Shift from Efficiency to Adaptability: Recent Progress in Biomimetic Interactive Soft Robotics in Wet Environments
Authors: Fang Jielun , Zhuang Yanfeng , Liu Kailang , Chen Zhuo , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian , Xu Jianhong , Qi Cheng
Published: January 2022

Research field of soft robotics develops exponentially since it opens up many imaginations, such as human‐interactive robot, wearable robots, and transformable robots in unpredictable environments. Wet environments such as sea and in vivo represent dynamic and unstructured environments that adaptive soft robots can reach their potentials. Recent progresses in soft hybridized robotics performing tasks underwater herald a diversity of interactive soft robotics in wet environments. Here, the development of soft robots in wet environments is reviewed. The authors recapitulate biomimetic inspirations, recent advances in soft matter materials, representative fabrication techniques, system integration, and exemplary functions for underwater soft robots. The authors consider the key challenges the field faces in engineering material, software, and hardware that can bring highly intelligent soft robots into real world.