bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motor Activation During the Prediction of Nonexecutable Actions in Infants
Authors: Southgate Victoria , Begus Katarina
Published: May 2013

Although it is undeniable that the motor system is recruited when people observe others’ actions, the inferences that the brain generates from motor activation and the mechanisms involved in the motor system’s recruitment are still unknown. Here, we challenged the popular hypothesis that motor involvement in action observation enables the observer to identify and predict an agent’s goal by matching observed actions with existing and corresponding motor representations. Using a novel neural indication of action prediction—sensorimotor-cortex activation measured by electroencephalography—we demonstrated that 9-month-old infants recruit their motor system whenever a context suggests an impending action, but that this recruitment is not dependent on being able to match the observed action with a corresponding motor representation. Our data are thus inconsistent with the view that action prediction depends on motor correspondence; instead, they support an alternative view in which motor activation is the result of, rather than the cause of, goal identification.
Information literacy in Oman’s higher education: A descriptive-inferential approach
Authors: Al-Aufi Ali , Al-Azri Hamed
Published: May 2013

This study aims to identify the current status of information literacy among the students at Sultan Qaboos University in their final year through using the Big6 model for solving information problems. The study utilizes self-assessment survey approach, with the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. It surveyed undergraduate students of Sultan Qaboos University, enrolled in their final year for the academic year 2010/2011. Collected data from 550 valid questionnaires were processed using SPSS. The results indicated high rates of information literacy skills. Among the Big6 skills synthesis, including the ability of respondents in summarizing, combining and linking, using consistent style of organization, and using a variety of ways to display information was ranked first, while the skill of location and access scored the lowest. Significant statistical differences attributed to specialization, gender, English fluency, and computer skills were also indicated at minor levels. The amount of literature relating to information literacy in the Arab World is comparatively less than that in the developed countries. No empirical studies that investigate the competencies of information literacy among university students have previously been conducted in Oman.
Preparing Middle School Music Teachers to Teach Jazz
Authors: West Chad
Published: May 2013

This mixed-methods study combined qualitative and quantitative data to identify middle school music teachers who perceive themselves as highly effective jazz teachers and to uncover the experiences that have best prepared them to teach middle school jazz. Quantitative data suggested that (a) playing in college jazz ensembles, (b) taking a college jazz pedagogy course, (c) mentorship in jazz, and (d) taking a college improvisation course all significantly correlate with one’s perceived ability to teach middle school jazz. However, both qualitative and quantitative data indicated that listening to jazz and playing as a professional jazz musician are among the most closely associated experiences to perceived ability, suggesting that the college jazz experience, although important, may not be the most important way of preparing future middle school jazz educators.
Aspirin Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration Value on Platelet Cyclooxygenase1 in Severe Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is not Significantly Different from that of Healthy Individuals
Authors: Kimura Yukio , Takano Katsuhiro , Satoh Kaneo , Aida Kaoru , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Ozaki Yukio
Published: May 2013

It is implicated that diabetic patients are more resistant to aspirin therapy than patients with other diseases or healthy individuals. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of aspirin on aggregation and the cyclooxygenase activity of platelets of 10 patients with severe type-2 diabetes mellitis (DM) and compared the results with those of healthy individuals. Although platelet aggregation had a tendency to be more resistant to aspirin with the DM group, there was no significant difference in half maximal inhibitory concentration 50 values of aspirin on the cyclooxygenase activity between the patients with DM and healthy individuals. Thus, the residual platelet aggregability uninhibited by aspirin appears to be independent of the cyclooxygenase activity. Since adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor blocking almost completely inhibited the residual platelet aggregability, it is suggested that hyperreactivity to ADP is more prevalent in patients with DM.
Physical and chemical stability of reconstituted and diluted dexrazoxane infusion solutions
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ping , Myers Alan L , Trinh Van A , Kawedia Jitesh D , Kramer Mark A , Benjamin Robert S , Tran Hai T
Published: May 2013

Background and purpose

Dexrazoxane is used clinically to prevent anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity. Hydrolysis of dexrazoxane prior to reaching the cardiac membranes severely hampers its mode of action; therefore, degradation during the preparation and administration of intravenous dexrazoxane admixtures demands special attention. Moreover, the ongoing national shortage of one dexrazoxane formulation in the United States has forced pharmacies to dispense other commercially available dexrazoxane products. However, the manufacturers’ limited stability data restrict the flexibility of dexrazoxane usage in clinical practice. The aims of this study are to determine the physical and chemical stability of reconstituted and diluted solutions of two commercially available dexrazoxane formulations.

Methods

The stability of two dexrazoxane products, brand and generic name, in reconstituted and intravenous solutions stored at room temperature without light protection in polyvinyl chloride bags was determined. The concentrations of dexrazoxane were measured at predetermined time points up to 24 h using a validated reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection assay.

Results

Brand (B-) and generic (G-) dexrazoxane products, reconstituted in either sterile water or 0.167 M sodium lactate (final concentration of 10 mg/mL), were found stable for at least to 8 h. Infusion solutions of B-dexrazoxane, prepared according to each manufacturer’s directions, were stable for at least 24 h and 8 h at 1 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL, respectively. Infusion solutions of G-dexrazoxane, prepared in either 5% dextrose or 0.9% sodium chloride following the manufacturer’s guidelines, were also stable for at least 24 h and 8 h at 1 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL, respectively. All tested solutions were found physically stable up to 24 h at room temperature.

Conclusion

The stability of dexrazoxane infusion solutions reported herein permits advance preparation of dexrazoxane intravenous admixtures, facilitating pharmacy workflow and clinical operations. However, due to the potential risks of fluid overload when these intravenous solutions are administered to patients, caution is advised to ensure patient safety.
Determinants for employer-paid health insurance coverage: a population-based study of the Danish labour force
Authors: Christensen Ann , Søgaard Rikke
Published: May 2013

Aim: In 2002, the Danish tax law was changed, giving employees a tax exemption on supplemental, employer-paid health insurance. This might have conflicted with one of the key foundations of the healthcare system, namely equal access for equal needs. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants for employer-paid health insurance coverage. Because the policy change affected only people who were part of the labour force and because the public sector at that time had no tradition of providing fringe benefits, the analysis was restricted to the private labour force. Method: The analysis was based on data from a range of Danish person-level and company-level registers (explanatory variables). These data were combined with information on insurance status obtained from the trade organisation for insurance (dependent variable). A logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds of having employer-paid health insurance coverage. Results: The individuals who were most likely to be insured were those employed in foreign companies as mid-level managers within the field of building and construction. Other important variables were the number of persons employed in a company, gender, ethnicity, region of residence, years of education, and annual income. Conclusions: Both company and individual characteristics were found to be important and significant predictors for employer-paid health insurance coverage. The Danish tax exemption on private health insurance in the years 2002–12 thus seems to have led to inequality in employer-paid health insurance coverage.
Self-reported learning difficulties and dietary intake in Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Øverby Nina Cecilie , Lüdemann Eva , Høigaard Rune
Published: May 2013

Aim: The academic performance of children impacts future educational attainment which may increase socioeconomic status which again influences their health. One of several factors that might affect academic performance is the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross sectional relation between diet and self-reported reading-, writing-, and mathematical difficulties in Norwegian adolescents. Methods: In total, 475 ninth- and tenth-grade students out of 625 eligible ones from four different secondary schools in three different municipalities in Vest-Agder County, Norway, participated, giving a participation rate of 77%. The students filled in a questionnaire with food frequency questions of selected healthy and unhealthy food items, questions of meal frequency and different learning difficulties. Results: Regular breakfast was significantly associated with decreased odds of both writing and reading difficulties (OR: 0.44 (0.2–0.8), p = 0.01) and mathematical difficulties (OR: 0.33 (0.2–0.6), p ≤ 0.001). In addition, having lunch, dinner and supper regularly were associated with decreased odds of mathematical difficulties. Further, a high intake of foods representing a poor diet (sugar-sweetened soft drinks, sweets, chocolate, savory snacks, pizza and hot dogs) was significantly associated with increased odds of mathematical difficulties. Conclusions: Having a less-frequent intake of unhealthy foods and not skipping meals are associated with decreased odds of self-reported learning difficulties in Norwegian adolescents in this study. The results of this study support the need for a larger study with a more representative sample.
Cognitive and affective reasons to expatriate and work adjustment of expatriate academics
Authors: Selmer Jan , Lauring Jakob
Published: May 2013

Despite the apparent increasing internationalization of the academic world, research on expatriate academics has remained negligible compared to the literature on business expatriates, which has increased rapidly in recent years. This is regrettable, since it is not obvious to what extent research findings regarding business expatriates also are applicable to expatriate academics. To examine cognitive and affective reasons to expatriate and work adjustment, a questionnaire was directed electronically towards expatriate academics from 60 countries employed in 35 universities in 5 northern European countries. Results indicated that one of the affective reasons to expatriate, refugee reasons (life change/escape), has a clear negative influence on both job adjustment and time to proficiency. However, none of the other studied reasons for expatriate academics to go abroad had any association with their subsequent adjustment to work. Hence, explorer reasons (adventure/travel), architect reasons (careers) or mercenary reasons (financial incentives) do not seem to have any effect on how well expatriate academics adjust to their work abroad. Implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of parametric roll for ship design and operational guidance
Authors: Song Kang-Hyun , Kim Yonghwan , Park Dong-Min
Published: May 2013

This article presents a procedure for quantitatively analyzing the susceptibility of a ship to parametric roll for use in designing a ship against this phenomenon. Due to the nonergodic characteristics of parametric roll motion, numerous direct time-domain simulations are needed to obtain a stable long-term distribution of parametric rolls. To avoid such heavy computational demand and to accelerate numerical simulations, a 1-degree-of-freedom computational model for parametric roll prediction is developed for both regular- and irregular-wave excitations, adopting the approximated righting arm ([Formula: see text]) curve. In this model, the concept of transfer functions is introduced for the mean and the first harmonic component of metacentric height ([Formula: see text]), which is introduced to approximate [Formula: see text] fluctuation. The simulation results obtained by using this model are compared to those of a three-dimensional weakly nonlinear simulation program. The sensitivity of the simulation results to the initial value, time window, and number of simulations is investigated, and their proper values are proposed. Using the proposed model, the long-term predictions of parametric roll are carried out for typical post-Panamax container ships and a very large crude oil carrier by applying Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the simulation results, the susceptibility of each ship to parametric roll is evaluated, and the influence of still-water [Formula: see text] on the susceptibility is investigated. This study extends to the development of an operational guidance for the ship crew’s decision-support system, as one of countermeasures of a severe parametric roll. Particularly, a procedure for qualitatively developing an operational guidance is proposed. In this study, numerical simulations are carried out by using an impulse–response function approach. As an example model, a typical 10,000 TEU container ship is considered, and the results are discussed with respect to its operation.
Bargaining and Legal Development in the United States Courts of Appeals
Authors: Black Ryan C. , Owens Ryan J.
Published: May 2013

Examining the systematic and private records of a former D.C. Circuit Court Judge, we examine the process by which federal circuit court judges craft legal opinions. We discover that private and contextual factors influence legal outcomes. More specifically, we find that workload considerations strongly influence circuit opinions, that some visiting and senior judges effect the process differently than do active circuit court judges, and that panel effects play but a minimal role in the creation of opinions. In short, we move the literature on circuit court decision making forward by employing private archival material that illuminates how private and contextual features influence opinion writing and legal policy.
The Distribution and Determinants of Socially Supplied Political Expertise
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Sokhey Anand Edward
Published: May 2013

Recent work on social influence has highlighted the importance of socially supplied political expertise, crediting it with strengthening attitudes, resolving ambivalence, and encouraging political participation. However, in focusing on the consequences of socially supplied political expertise, scholars have made the implicit assumption that citizens have equal access to this resource and have largely ignored its distribution. Given that individuals are constrained by their social contexts, we are particularly troubled by this oversight, and thus use two nationally representative data sources to explore the distribution of expertise among and throughout the social networks of citizens. We find consistent evidence that existing resource inequalities reinforce the unequal distribution of expertise in social networks—a gender-moderated pattern that involvement in civil society may help remedy.
Being Data and Datadream/ing Pedagogies With Pinter
Authors: Reinertsen Anne B. , Otterstad Ann Merete
Published: May 2013

This is about data dreaming the promise of dialogue in education with Pinter: The dreams and aspirations of the absent. It is a reality check and wishful thinking and about living in the world as if it was a better place. Ruin is a blessing. It always finds ways to rebuild itself. This is a move toward data driven pedagogies and research and away from traditional hypothesis driven activities and ideals. Dreaming with Pinter opens up Deleuzian “aionic” productive intensities/spaces/sensations, possibilizing and/or evoking teachers’ and children’s becomings alike; uncontrollable, indefinable endless. My Ego and My Own . . . counting as data setting things in motion: Data what you make of it (not) ultimately valuation of knowledges processes. My will. Anne and Ann Merete’s becomings with data from own “theorypraxises”: Anne’s research project with High School teachers and Ann Merete’s project in this huge kindergarten; both projects in Norway and about inclusive pedagogies and reform. The text is crafted as a play to honor—as in mourning, come Derrida, Pinter.
Frontal Network Syndrome Testing
Authors: Hoffmann Michael
Published: May 2013

Background:

Dementia diagnosis and the various subtypes are challenging in the absence of biomarkers.

Aim:

To examine available tests and neuroimaging procedures that may help distinguish these disorders.

Methods:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cognitive vascular disorder (CVD), and Frontotemporal lobe disorders (FTLD) were tested with a hierarchical neuropsychological battery that included the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test, and subtests. All patients had multimodality magnetic resonance imaging and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain scans.

Results:

Of the 161 patients evaluated for dysmemory and cognitive impairment, 31 satisfied the full protocol. The mean T scores for the 3 principal frontal system syndromes for the AD group were all abnormal save disinhibition. For the CVD and FTLD groups, all the 4 subcategory scores were abnormal. Disinhibition differed significantly between the AD and FTD group (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P = .02) and there was a strong association between the memory for 5 words test and a significant difference in the word list generation test score among the 3 groups (ANOVA, P = .0233). There was a strong association between the FDG-PET and the disease subtype ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Evaluation for disinhibition, word list generation, 5-word memory testing and PET brain imaging may help distinguish the 3 most common dementia subtypes.
Relationship Between EEG Beta Power Abnormality and Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment Post Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Zeng Kai , Wu Xiao-dan , Cai Hong-da , Gao You-guang , Lin Jian-qing , Lin Xian-zhong , Lin Cai-zhu
Published: May 2013

Cerebral hemorrhage is a common disease of older adults, which could increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics can be analyzed to investigate the applied value in the assessment of cognitive impairment of the patients with cerebral hemorrhage. One hundred eighty-two patients (including patients with cognitive impairment [CHCI] and patients with cognitive normality [CHNC] with cerebral hemorrhage, and 120 normal healthy persons [control; CN]) were recruited between July 2008 to March 2012 at the department of neurology. All patients were analyzed by EEG, and analysis results were compared to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, using the methods of correlation analysis, clustering analysis, and concordance analysis. The results indicated that patients with CHCI had significantly lower EEG beta power (0.814 ± 0.113 mcV2) relative to CHNC (1.601 ± 0.186 mcV2, P < .01) or CN group (1.713 ± 0.201 mcV2, P < .01). Significant negative correlation was found between the beta power and hemorrhage region, age, hemorrhage size, hemorrhage amount ( r1 = −.92223, r2 = −.81084, r3 = −.79258, r4 = −.84961, respectively, all P < .001). There was good concordance between K-means clustering algorithm calculating the beta power and MoCA scoring (Kappa = 0.899, P < .001). In conclusion, the preliminary findings suggest that the recognition techniques of EEG hold considerable promise for the assessment of cognitive impairment post cerebral hemorrhage, which negatively related to the hemorrhage region, hemorrhage size, hemorrhage amount, and age.
Lost in Translation? On Mind and Matter in Management Research
Authors: Fendt Jacqueline
Published: May 2013

Again and again scholars evoke a seriously dysfunctional relationship between management research and education on the one hand, and the practice of management on the other. We share this viewpoint, and with this appraisal intend to (re-)open the debate. We expose some views on the intellectual and sociological roots of the malaise, advocating a philosophical stance rooted in pragmatism and particularly in John Dewey’s pragmatic stance. We outline a number of essentially workable, albeit for debate’s sake provocative and unpolished proposals for the redesign of academic institutions and of their publishing process. We sketch out radical redesign of academia—with, inter alia, (a) permeable academic and practical careers, so that executives and scholars could move between and act within each others’ realities; (b) a focus of management education on post-experience graduate level; and (c) an academic publishing process worthy of the real-time era of the Internet.
The POLST Paradigm and Form: Facts and Analysis
Authors: Brugger Christian , Breschi Louis C. , Hart Edith Mary , Kummer Mark , Lane John I. , Morrow Peter T. , Smith Franklin L. , Toffler William L. , Beffel Marisa , Brehany John F. , Buscher Sara , Marker Rita L.
Published: May 2013

This white paper, prepared by a working group of the Catholic Medical Association, provides a commentary on a new type of end-of-life document called a POLST form (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) as well as on its model (or “paradigm”) for implementation across the United States. After an introductory section reviewing the origin, goals, and standard defenses of the POLST paradigm and form, the paper offers a critical analysis of POLST, including an analysis of the risks that POLST poses to sound clinical and ethical decision-making. The paper ends with several recommendations to help Catholic healthcare professionals and institutions better address the challenges of end-of-life care with alternatives to POLST.
Effect of distance of loading points on long brittle crack propagation/arrest behaviour
Authors: Handa T , Igi S , Endo S , Tsuyama S , Shiomi H
Published: May 2013

The effect of the distance between loading points on a long brittle crack arrest behaviour was investigated in the ultrawide duplex ESSO tests. The effect of loading conditions was also analysed. Arrest of a long brittle crack was more facilitated in the tests with a distance between loading points of 5 m than in those with 10 m. A load drop was larger in the tests with a loading point distance of 5 m than in those with 10 m. If the specimen length is 6·8 m or more, or the distance between loading points are 10 m or more in the ultrawide duplex ESSO test, the effect of the unloading stress wave on the dynamic stress intensity factor of a crack penetrating into the test plate becomes negligible, within the range of brittle crack propagation rate between 500 and 800 m s−1.
Optimising parameters for meaningful measurement of residual strain by neutron diffraction in self-pierce riveted joints
Authors: Haque R , Durandet Y , Wong Y C , Paradowska A , Beynon J H , Blacket S
Published: May 2013

The aim of this work is to examine the uncertainties involved in measuring residual strain and their dependence on both the gauge volume of the neutron beam and the acquisition time in self-pierce riveted (SPR) joints while using the neutron diffraction technique. The main challenge involved dealing with the very small dimensions of SPR joints and developing optimum instrument configuration that allowed faster and/or more accurate stress measurement in SPR while maintaining the same time resolution required for the millimetre scale of the problem. Two different gauge volumes were used (0·125 and 1·0 mm3), and two different measuring directions were chosen in order to examine the rotational accuracy of the sample table. All measurements were conducted in steel‐steel joints. Even though small sizes were involved, meaningful results were obtained and measurement errors were reduced by optimising the instrument parameters.
High strength (560 MPa) quenched and tempered pipeline steels
Authors: Xu J. , Misra R. D. K. , Guo B. , Challa V. S. A. , Zheng L.
Published: May 2013

We describe here the feasibility of processing high strength 560 MPa (X80) pipeline steels by the quenching and tempering (QT) process. The attributes of the QT process include the elimination of banded duplex phase microstructure of pipeline steel obtained by thermomechanical controlled process, uniformity of microstructure across the thickness of plate and desired bainite phase. Increasing the quenching temperature from 890 to 930°C did not significantly influence the ultimate microstructure and mechanical properties of pipeline steel. When the tempering temperature was increased from 400 to 550°C, a high density of fine precipitates of niobium carbides and/or nitrides of size less than 10 nm were precipitated, with a consequent increase in the yield strength and yield ratio. Ferrous carbides decomposed from retained austenite decreased the continuity of ferrite phase, which resulted in lower tensile strength and a higher yield ratio.
Continuation of twins across grain boundary in extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy
Authors: Xu S , Liu T M , Zhang Y , He J J , Zeng W , Wang J X
Published: May 2013

Paired twins in an extruded Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy are investigated by using electron backscattered diffraction in the current paper. The results show that these paired twins are discovered at low misorientation grain boundaries. The twin variant (1–102)[−1101] is operated in the paired twins. Additionally, a macroscopic angle exists in the paired twins and is determined by the c axis misorientation of the grains.
Effects of melt thermal rate treatment and modification of P and RE on hypereutectic Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy
Authors: Wang Q. L. , Geng H. R. , Zuo M. , Long F. , Peng X.
Published: May 2013

In the present paper, a new melt treatment technique is proposed, and its effects on hypereutectic Al–18Si–1·5Cu–0·6Mg alloy are investigated. Results show that the mechanical properties of Al–18Si–1·5Cu–0·6Mg alloy are improved remarkably, and primary Si and eutectic silicon can be well refined. The average size of primary Si decreases from ∼100 to <10 μm, and eutectic silicon turns into granular shape from coarse long acicular morphology. The tensile strength and hardness of the alloy increase by 55·14 and 70 respectively, compared with that obtained by the conventional casting technique. In addition, the resistivity–temperature characteristic of the Al–18Si alloy melt was investigated through the resistivity–temperature test, and the melt structure state information was the basis of the melt thermal rate treatment.
Microstructural characterisation and thermal stability of in situ TiB2/60Si–Al composite synthesised by displacement reactions and spray forming
Authors: Zhang L , Yang B
Published: May 2013

A novel in situ reactive technique has been employed for preparing 2·0 wt-TiB2/60Si–Al composite. The kinetic equations and the Arrhenius type equation were applied to compute the coarsening rate constant and the activation energy for grain growth for the composite when it was heated at semisolid state for partial remelting. Experimental results have shown that the in situ TiB2 particles can refine effectively the primary Si phase and restrain the Si phase growth. The cubic coarsening rate constant for the composite was computed to be in the range of 75–148 μm3 min−1 at temperatures in the range of 600–700°C, which was much less than that for the 60Si–Al alloy (1323–4523 μm3 min−1). The value of activation energy for grain growth for the composite was about twice of that for the 60Si–Al alloy. The composite exhibited a higher thermal stability than that of the 60Si–Al alloy, suggesting that the in situ TiB2 particles can effectively pin the grain boundaries and arrest the migration of liquid film in the semisolid state of the composite.
The gut in iron homeostasis: role of HIF-2 under normal and pathological conditions
Authors: Mastrogiannaki Maria , Matak Pavle , Peyssonnaux Carole
Published: May 2013

Although earlier, seminal studies demonstrated that the gut per se has the intrinsic ability to regulate the rates of iron absorption, the spotlight in the past decade has been placed on the systemic regulation of iron homeostasis by the hepatic hormone hepcidin and the molecular mechanisms that regulate its expression. Recently, however, attention has returned to the gut based on the finding that hypoxia inducible factor-2 (HIF-2α) regulates the expression of key genes that contribute to iron absorption. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate iron homeostasis in the gut by focusing on the role of HIF-2 under physiological steady-state conditions and in the pathogenesis of iron-related diseases. We also discuss implications for adapting HIF-2–based therapeutic strategies in iron-related pathological conditions.
Adenosine production by human B cells and B cell–mediated suppression of activated T cells
Authors: Saze Zenichiro , Schuler Patrick J. , Hong Chang-Sook , Cheng Dongmei , Jackson Edwin K. , Whiteside Theresa L.
Published: May 2013

Key Points

Products of ATP hydrolysis, 5′AMP, and adenosine orchestrate the dual regulatory activity of B cells. B cells emerge as a key regulatory component of T cell–B cell interactions, which are under environmental control.
Cytokine release syndrome after blinatumomab treatment related to abnormal macrophage activation and ameliorated with cytokine-directed therapy
Authors: Teachey David T. , Rheingold Susan R. , Maude Shannon L. , Zugmaier Gerhard , Barrett David M. , Seif Alix E. , Nichols Kim E. , Suppa Erica K. , Kalos Michael , Berg Robert A. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Aplenc Richard , Gore Lia , Grupp Stephan A.
Published: May 2013

Key Points

Cytokine release syndrome caused by T cell-directed therapies may be driven by abnormal macrophage activation and hemophagocytic syndrome. Cytokine-directed therapy can be effective against life-threatening cytokine release syndrome.
Jump-starting the T cells in CLL
Authors: Johnston James B.
Published: May 2013

In this issue of Blood, Shanafelt and colleagues demonstrate that T-cell immune synapse function can be increased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both by reducing tumor burden with immunochemotherapy and by lenalidomide.1
Polymorphisms in FGF12, VCL, CX43 and VAX1in Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: de Aquino Sibele Nascimento , Messetti Ana Camila , Bagordakis Elizabete , Martelli-Júnior Hercílio , Swerts Mario Sergio Oliveira , Graner Edgard , Coletta Ricardo D
Published: May 2013

Background

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common orofacial birth defect with a wide range prevalence among different populations. Previous association studies with populations from Europe and Asia have identified putative susceptibility markers for NSCL/P in fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12), vinculin (VCL), connexin 43 (CX43) and in a region close to the ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1) gene. However, there have thus far been no studies of these markers in NSCL/P Brazilian patients, and as the genetic ancestry of the Brazilian population is highly varied, the predisposition to those disease markers can be different.

Methods

Herein we conducted a structured association study conditioned on the individual ancestry proportions to determine the role of 16 polymorphic markers within those genes in 300 patients with NSCL/P and 385 unaffected controls.

Results

None of the alleles and genotypes showed association with NSCL/P, though there was a significant association of the haplotype formed byVAX1rs10787760, rs6585429 and rs1871345 polymorphisms with NSCL/P that did not persist Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with a lack of involvement ofFGF12,VCLandCX43variants with NSCL/P pathogenesis in Brazilian patients. Furthermore, the higher frequency of a haplotype ofVAX1with NSCL/P patients suggests a low penetrant gene for oral cleft, and warrants further studies.
Opinions on Kampo and reasons for using it – results from a cross-sectional survey in three Japanese clinics
Authors: Hottenbacher Lydia , Weißhuhn Thorolf ER , Watanabe Kenji , Seki Takashi , Ostermann Julia , Witt Claudia M
Published: May 2013

Background

Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) is often used in Japan, but very little data on its users are available. We investigated who uses Kampo, the reasons and opinions for its use.

Methods

Questionnaire survey in three Japanese outpatient clinics offering Kampo in different settings: Kampo only, Kampo and traditional Chinese medicine, Kampo and Western medicine. Before seeing the doctor, patients were asked about socio-demographic data, medical history, experience with Kampo, general health-related opinions and behaviours, opinions about Western medicine and Kampo, and reasons for Kampo utilization. Descriptive statistics and predictors for Kampo use were calculated.

Results

A total of 354 questionnaires were completed. Participants were 50.97 ± 15.60 (mean ± SD) years of age, 68% were female. Of all patients, 73% (n = 202) were using Kampo currently and 84% (297) had taken Kampo before. Questions on general health-related opinions and behaviour revealed a strong environmental awareness. The most frequent indications for earlier Kampo use were: common cold (36%), gastrointestinal complaints (30%), oversensitivity to cold (“Hi’e-sho”; 29%), stress/anxiety (21%), and shoulder stiffness (20%). Kampo users suffered more often from chronic illnesses (OR 2.88 [1.48-5.58]). Beliefs in underlying philosophy (Wu Xing (adjusted OR 3.08, [1.11-8.55]), Ying and Yang (OR 2.57 [1.15-5.73], a holistic way of seeing the patient (OR 2.17 [1.53-3.08]), and in Kampo efficacy (OR 2.62 [1.66-4.13]) were positively associated with Kampo use. So was, interestingly, conviction of the efficacy of Western medicine (OR 1.87 [1.28-2.74]). Half of the patients had a general preference for a combination of Kampo and Western treatment.

Conclusions

Most patients visiting a clinic that also provided Kampo had previous experience with Kampo. Usage was associated with beliefs in philosophical Kampo concepts and its efficacy.
Neck circumference as an independent predictive contributor to cardio-metabolic syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jing-ya , Ge Hui , Zhu Ming-fan , Wang Li-jun , Chen Li , Tan Yao-zong , Chen Yu-ming , Zhu Hui-lian
Published: May 2013

Background

The predictive potentials of neck circumference (NC) for cardio-metabolic risks remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether NC independently contributes to the prediction of cardio-metabolic risks beyond body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHpR) in a large Chinese population.

Methods

A total of 4201 participants (2508 men and 1693 women) aged 20-85 were recruited from the Health Examination Centre between May 2009 and April 2010, anthropometric indices, biochemical and clinical parameters were measured. Receiver operating characteristic, partial correlation and logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate the association of the anthropometric indices to cardio-metabolic risks separately by gender.

Results

Neck circumference was positively correlated with SBP and DBP (r=0.250 and 0.261), fasting blood glucose (FBP) (r=0.177), TG (r=0.240), TC (r=0.143) and LDL-C (r=0.088) and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.202) in males (all P<0.01). Similar results were found in females with the exception of TC. The AUCs of NC for metabolic abnormalities ranged from 0.558 (Increased LDL-C) to 0.683 (MS-rf) in men and 0.596 (Increased LDL-C) to 0.703 (MS-rf) in women (P<0.01). The NC of ≥37 cm for men and ≥33 cm for women were the best cut-off points for metabolic syndrome. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of NC in men and women respectively were 1.29 (1.12-1.48) and 1.44 (1.20-1.72) for metabolic syndrome risk factors (MS-rf), 1.15 (1.01-1.32) and 1.22 (1.03-1.46) for high BP, 1.16 (1.02-1.33) and 1.42 (1.18-1.71) for increased TG, and 1.26 (1.06-1.50) and 1.32 (1.06-1.65) for increased FBP; the adjusted OR of NC in women for decreased HDL-C was 1.29 (1.10-1.51).

Conclusions

Neck circumference was significantly associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors and independently contributed to the prediction of cardio-metabolic risks beyond the classical anthropometric indices in adults of China.
CpG island hypermethylation-associated silencing of microRNAs promotes human endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Bi-Lan , Lu Wen , Lu Cong , Qu Jun-jie , Yang Ting-ting , Yan Qin , Wan Xiao-ping
Published: May 2013

Background

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy, but the molecular events involved in the development and progression of EC remain unclear. This study aimed to explore epigenetic modification of genes and miRNAs involved in EC development.

Methods

Ishikawa and AN3CA cells were treated with 5’-Aza-2-deoxycytidine or histone deacetylase inhibitor. The expression of miRNAs and related genes were detected by PCR and Western blot. Promoter methylation was detected by bisulfite specific PCR sequencing. The proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion of EC cells were evaluated by MTT, soft agar assay, flow cytometry, wound healing and invasion assay, respectively.

Results

Aberrant expression of miRNAs including miR-200b, miR-130a/b, miR-625 and miR-222 was associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in endometrial cancer. Silencing of miR-130b induced E-cadherin expression, while ectopic expression of miR-130b and knockdown of DICER1 increased the expression of Vimentin, zeb2, N-cadherin, Twist and Snail in EC cells. Furthermore, 5’-Aza-2-deoxycytidine and Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of EC cells, accompanied by reduced MMP secretion.

Conclusions

Our study provides the first description of epigenetic modification of epithelial mesenchymal transition associated genes and miRNAs in EC cells, which are extensively involved in the regulation of gene expression and subsequent accumulation of malignant features of EC cells.
MicroRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Xie Yu-Feng , Shu Rong , Jiang Shao-Yun , Liu Da-Li , Ni Jing , Zhang Xiu-Li
Published: May 2013

Background

Although various microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate immune and inflammatory responses, the function of miRNAs in periodontitis has not been clearly illuminated. In this study, we measured miRNA-146 (miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p) expression and explored its regulatory function in the inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods

miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p expression was measured by performing real-time polymerase chain reaction in HGFs after Porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. After the HGFs were transfected with miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p inhibitor, the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected by western blot and quantitative PCR. A luciferase assay was used to detect whether miRNA-146 could directly bind to the 3’-UTR of IRAK1.

Results

The expression levels of miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p significantly increased in the P.g LPS-stimulated HGFs compared to the non-stimulated HGFs. The inhibition of miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p resulted in increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. The mRNA and protein levels of IRAK1, but not TRAF6, also increased. We further found that miRNA-146a and miRNA-146b-5p directly bound to the IRAK1 3’-UTR.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that miRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IRAK1 in HGFs, which indicates that miRNA-146 functions as a negative regulator of periodontal inflammation.
First-principles theoretical study of hydrolysis of stepped and kinked Ga-terminated GaN surfaces
Authors: Oue Mari , Inagaki Kouji , Yamauchi Kazuto , Morikawa Yoshitada
Published: May 2013

We have investigated the initial stage of hydrolysis process of Ga-terminated GaN surfaces by using first-principles theoretical calculations. We found that the activation barrier of H2O dissociation at the kinked site of the Ga-terminated GaN surface is about 0.8 eV, which is significantly lower than that at the stepped site of about 1.2 eV. This is consistent with the experimental observation where a step-terrace structure is observed after the etching process of Ga-terminated GaN surfaces with catalyst-referred etching method. Detailed analysis on the nature of the chemical interaction uring the hydrolysis processes will be discussed.
Studies of single-walled carbon nanotubes-induced hepatotoxicity by NMR-based metabonomics of rat blood plasma and liver extracts
Authors: Lin Bencheng , Zhang Huashan , Lin Zhiqing , Fang Yanjun , Tian Lei , Yang Honglian , Yan Jun , Liu Huanliang , Zhang Wei , Xi Zhuge
Published: May 2013

The toxicological effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated after intratracheal instillation in male Wistar rats over a 15-day period using metabonomic analysis of 1H (nuclear magnetic resonance) NMR spectra of blood plasma and liver tissue extracts. Concurrent liver histopathology examinations and plasma clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. Significant changes were observed in clinical chemistry features, including alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and total cholesterol, and in liver pathology, suggesting that SWCNTs clearly have hepatotoxicity in the rat. 1H NMR spectra and pattern recognition analyses from nanomaterial-treated rats showed remarkable differences in the excretion of lactate, trimethylamine oxide, bilineurin, phosphocholine, amylaceum, and glycogen. Indications of amino acid metabolism impairment were supported by increased lactate concentrations and decreased alanine concentrations in plasma. The rise in plasma and liver tissue extract concentrations of choline and phosphocholine, together with decreased lipids and lipoproteins, after SWCNTs treatment indicated a disruption of membrane fluidity caused by lipid peroxidation. Energy, amino acid, and fat metabolism appeared to be affected by SWCNTs exposure. Clinical chemistry and metabonomic approaches clearly indicated liver injury, which might have been associated with an indirect mechanism involving nanomaterial-induced oxidative stress.
Development of novel catalytically active polymer-metal-nanocomposites based on activated foams and textile fibers
Authors: Domènech Berta , Ziegler Kharla K , Carrillo Fernando , Muñoz Maria , Muraviev Dimitri N , Macanás Jorge
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we report the intermatrix synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in different polymeric matrices such as polyurethane foams and polyacrylonitrile or polyamide fibers. To apply this technique, the polymer must bear functional groups able to bind and retain the nanoparticle ion precursors while ions should diffuse through the matrix. Taking into account the nature of some of the chosen matrices, it was essential to try to activate the support material to obtain an acceptable value of ion exchange capacity. To evaluate the catalytic activity of the developed nanocomposites, a model catalytic reaction was carried out in batch experiments: the reduction of p-nitrophenol by sodium borohydride.
One-qubit quantum gates in a circular graphene quantum dot: genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Amparán Gibrán , Rojas Fernando , Pérez-Garrido Antonio
Published: May 2013

The aim of this work was to design and control, using genetic algorithm (GA) for parameter optimization, one-charge-qubit quantum logic gates σ
x, σ
y, and σ
z, using two bound states as a qubit space, of circular graphene quantum dots in a homogeneous magnetic field. The method employed for the proposed gate implementation is through the quantum dynamic control of the qubit subspace with an oscillating electric field and an onsite (inside the quantum dot) gate voltage pulse with amplitude and time width modulation which introduce relative phases and transitions between states. Our results show that we can obtain values of fitness or gate fidelity close to 1, avoiding the leakage probability to higher states. The system evolution, for the gate operation, is presented with the dynamics of the probability density, as well as a visualization of the current of the pseudospin, characteristic of a graphene structure. Therefore, we conclude that is possible to use the states of the graphene quantum dot (selecting the dot size and magnetic field) to design and control the qubit subspace, with these two time-dependent interactions, to obtain the optimal parameters for a good gate fidelity using GA.
Personalized medicine in psychiatry: problems and promises
Authors: Ozomaro Uzoezi , Wahlestedt Claes , Nemeroff Charles B
Published: May 2013

The central theme of personalized medicine is the premise that an individual’s unique physiologic characteristics play a significant role in both disease vulnerability and in response to specific therapies. The major goals of personalized medicine are therefore to predict an individual’s susceptibility to developing an illness, achieve accurate diagnosis, and optimize the most efficient and favorable response to treatment. The goal of achieving personalized medicine in psychiatry is a laudable one, because its attainment should be associated with a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality. In this review, we summarize an illustrative selection of studies that are laying the foundation towards personalizing medicine in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In addition, we present emerging applications that are likely to advance personalized medicine in psychiatry, with an emphasis on novel biomarkers and neuroimaging.