bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Identity and Composition of οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι in the Gospel of John
Authors: Bennema Cornelis
Published: October 2021

This article examines the referent of the term οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι in the Gospel of John. The debate is whether the term refers exclusively to the religious authorities, to a religious party, to the religious authorities and common people, or simply to the Jews in general. This article makes three contributions to the debate. First, Second Temple Judaism already knew of the term οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι as a broad reference to the adherents of the Judaean religion transcending the earlier ethnic-geographic sense, and John had this particular religious group in mind. Second, οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι is a composite group with the chief priests rather than the Pharisees as its leaders. Third, within οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, John portrays a shift in hostility from a religious-theological conflict with the Pharisees in the middle of Jesus’ ministry, towards a religious-political conflict with the chief priests later in Jesus’ ministry.
The Literary Quality of Scripture as Seen by the Early Church
Authors: Graves Michael
Published: October 2021

Christians in the first five centuries of the church lived in an environment that placed a high value on literary and rhetorical expression. Within this context, cultured critics of Christianity often disparaged the literary style of the Christian Bible in its Greek and Latin forms. The most common response in the first Christian centuries was to concede Scripture’s simple style but to assert the superiority of its divine content. But eventually Christians began to suggest paradigms for seeing artistic crafting in the biblical text. One stream of thought, exemplified by Jerome, looked to the original language of the Old Testament to discover the literary quality of Scripture. Another stream of thought, developed by Augustine, explored the literary quality of Scripture by reflecting on the relationship between human conventions and divine inspiration.
Manasseh and the Punishment Narrative
Authors: Ohm Andrew Taehang
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the nature of the Manasseh account (2 Kgs 21:1-18) in the macrostructure of the Deuteronomistic literature, especially the books of Samuel and Kings, in which remarkably similar narrative schemes are embedded. They consist of ‘sin description’, ‘sin development’, ‘reminder’, ‘response’, and ‘punishment’. I call this unique literary genre ‘punishment narrative’. In the punishment itself several distinctive common devices (destruction of a cultic place, end of family/dynasty line, and a death of an innocent family group member) are employed to show a fulfilment of prophecy. A number of allusions and similarities between the death of Saul and the anonymous prophet in 1 Kings 13 and between the death of Abijah, Jeroboam’s son (1 Kgs 14:1-18) and Josiah (2 Kgs 23:28-30) are discussed as well. Thereby I put the Manasseh narrative in this category. A close reading shows that the Manasseh and Josiah narratives are not independent but, in effect, two different parts of one punishment narrative. This paper also suggests that these punishment narratives overarch one another in Samuel-Kings from the beginning to the end. Finally, it concludes that the work of Samuel-Kings was woven with different materials but woven into one narrative thread.
Complete v. Incomplete Conquest: A Re-Examination of Three Passages in Joshua.
Authors: Clarke T. A.
Published: October 2021

Most commentaries and articles regarding the book of Joshua take as a starting point an apparent contradiction between a complete and an incomplete conquest. Surprisingly, as Kitchen observes, there has not been a ‘careful and close’ reading of the passages taken as evidence of a complete conquest (i.e. Josh. 10:40-43; 11:16-23; 21:43-45). This article seeks to fill that gap in the literature. A close reading of these passages suggests that the author carefully describes the extent of the conquest. It seems the apparent contradiction regarding these passages has been overstated.
Lamentations and the Poetic Politics of Prayer
Authors: Parry Robin
Published: October 2021

The first half of this paper seeks to make explicit the political dimensions of the text of Lamentations. The poetry vividly depicts the political use of violence in the destruction of a society. Judah is ruined politically, economically, socially, and religiously by the Babylonians for political ends. In the second half of the paper I argue that Lamentations contributes to our theo-political reflections not so much in its provision of new conceptual categories, nor even in its sharpening of categories already in place but rather in its power for shaping the emotional, ethical-political response of its audiences (human and divine). The readers are invited to bring political calamity into God’s presence and to seek salvation; they are encouraged to look with merciful eyes at victims of political violence even if those victims are not ‘innocent’; they are encouraged to see political evil for what it is and to speak its name; they are guided towards becoming honest-to-God lamenters and God-dependent pray-ers who hunger and thirst for righteousness.
A Brief Response to ‘The Christology of Titus 2:13 and 1 Tim. 2:5’ by J. Christopher Edwards
Authors: Harris Murray J.
Published: October 2021

Notwithstanding similarities between 1 Timothy 2:1-7 and Titus 2:11-14, Christopher Edwards’ arguments against translating Titus 2:13 as: ‘The glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ’ remain problematic.
God’s Love According to Hosea and Deuteronomy: A Prophetic Reworking of a Deuteronomic Concept?
Authors: Vang Carsten
Published: October 2021

One of the most evident shared themes between the books of Hosea and Deuteronomy is the theme of God’s love for Israel. The usual scholarly explanation goes that Hosea fathered this notion which later was taken up in the Deuteronomy tradition. A close scrutiny of this theme in Hosea and Deuteronomy establishes that the lexical and structural agreements in the theme are considerable. However, it also reveals some major differences within the thematic parallel. The simplest solution seems to be that Hosea has reused an available Deuteronomic concept.
Jesus of Nazareth’s Trial in the Uncensored Talmud
Authors: Instone-Brewer David
Published: October 2021

The Munich Talmud manuscript of b.San.43a preserves passages censored out of the printed editions, including the controversial trial of ‘Yeshu Notzri’. Chronological analysis of the layers in this tradition suggests that the oldest words are: ‘On the Eve of Passover they hung Jesus of Nazareth for sorcery and leading Israel astray.’ This paper argues that other words were added to this tradition in order to overcome three difficulties: a trial date during a festival; the unbiblical method of execution; and the charge of ‘sorcery’.
ΠΙΣΤΙΣ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΥ in Galatians: The Connection to Habakkuk 2:4
Authors: Hunn Debbie
Published: October 2021

The coherence of Paul’s argument in Galatians 2:15–3:14 depends upon strong links among the πίστις phrases. Therefore the reader who understands a single use of πίστις in the passage can correctly infer basic aspects of the others. Therefore ἐκ πίστεως in Habakkuk 2:4, because it is cited in Galatians 3:11, informs the discussion about πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians 2:16, 20; and an Old Testament prophet speaks in a present-day controversy. Habakkuk, by using ἐκ πίστεως to refer to the faith of Gentiles, testifies that πίστις Χριστοῦ in Galatians refers to human faith as well.
Back Under Authority: Towards an Evangelical Postcolonial Hermeneutic
Authors: Lau Peter H. W.
Published: October 2021

A postcolonial approach is gaining acceptance by many scholars as a fruitful way of interpreting the Bible. Yet a postcolonial approach raises issues for those who hold a ‘high’ view of Scripture. Five issues will be demonstrated through an analysis of Mary Donaldson’s reading of the book of Ruth, with the outcome being that the authority of Scripture is decentred. Nonetheless, a postcolonial approach can still be usefully adapted by those with a ‘high’ view of Scripture. This article will present an alternative postcolonial reading of the book of Ruth that uses biblical theology to help maintain the central authority of the biblical text.
‘May the Lord Make the Woman like Rachel’: Comparing Michal and Rachel
Authors: Dekker John
Published: October 2021

The portrayal of Michal in the book of Samuel is similar to that of Rachel in the book of Genesis. Both have an older sister who is their rival for the affections of their husband. Both have an erratic father who pursues their husband. Both possess household idols called teraphim, which features in the story of their deceiving their father. Both have at least a period of barrenness. Yet there are also differences between the two women, which can be explained in terms of the portrayal of Michal as an even more tragic figure than Rachel. Careful consideration of the points of similarity and difference yields the conclusion that the allusions to the Rachel story in the book of Samuel are intentional.
Lexicography and New Testament Categories of Church Discipline
Authors: Clarke Andrew D.
Published: October 2021

A range of circumstances, which were formative in the crises prompting the Protestant Reformation, resulted in heightened emphasis on ecclesiastical discipline, with some Reformation Confessions elevating discipline ‘according to the Word of God’ to one of three significant ‘marks’ of the ‘true church’. However, the Bible prompted no similar consensus among either the Reformers or the Reformation Confessions as to how, when, by or to whom such discipline should be exercised. Although the New Testament has no dominant vocabulary for ‘discipline’, the fixing on this term in the Sixteenth Century and subsequently nonetheless became a controlling principle in identifying and interpreting certain New Testament passages as ‘disciplinary’ in focus. Latin lexical roots pose an additional disjunction between first-century and post-Reformation legacy understandings of ‘discipline’. Revisiting New Testament categories of discipleship, education and Christian formation may offer a constructively holistic approach that reaches beyond now traditional views of church discipline.
Heaven Opened: Intertextuality and Meaning in John 1:51
Authors: Kirk David R.
Published: October 2021

John 1:51 presents unique interpretational challenges at a theological level. In this study, the allusion to Jacob’s encounter with the LORD at Bethel is the point of departure for an approach which brings together this background with a consideration both of the title Son of Man, and the function of the verse within the gospel. A re-examination of the Bethel narrative casts doubt on the stairway being an image of communication. A Jesus-Jacob nexus arises from a natural reading of John 1:51, and is the interpretational key which unlocks the meaning of the verse. This nexus gives a representative emphasis to the gospel’s first Son of Man saying, and the theological connection to the patriarchal promises leads to a conclusion about the identity of the ‘greater things’ which are promised.
Sitting on Two Asses?: Second Thoughts on the Two-Animal Interpretation of Matthew 21:7
Authors: Coppins Wayne
Published: October 2021

The main thesis of this article is that the ‘two-animal’ interpretation of Matthew 21:7, according to which Matthew speaks of Jesus as sitting on two animals, can be shown to be more probable than the ‘multiple-garments’ interpretation, according to which Jesus is understood to be sitting on multiple garments on a single animal. Prior to my analysis of Matthew 21:7 I discuss the related question of why Matthew’s account of Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem involves two animals rather than one, arguing that the ‘history conformed to Scripture interpretation’ is more probable than the ‘Scripture conformed to history’ interpretation. Following it, I advance a more tentative interpretation of the surprising outcome of Matthew’s interaction with Scripture.
The Eschatological Interdependence of Jews and Gentiles in Galatians
Authors: Taylor John W.
Published: October 2021

Agitators in Galatia insisted that law observance for Gentiles was essential, because the eschatological blessing promised to the heirs of Abraham is only to be found within Israel. But in three key passages (3:13-14; 3:25-26; 4:4-7), which are frequently misunderstood because pronominal shifts are set aside, Paul makes the blessing of Jews and Gentiles in Christ mutually interdependent, in a theological sense. Gentiles are blessed with the blessing of Abraham because Jews are set free by Christ from the curse of the law. Because the Gentiles are blessed, and have become sons of God, Jewish believers receive the Spirit. Thus Gentile inclusion in Christ is not subsidiary to Israel’s eschatological status, and does not require law observance.
Undercurrents in Jonah
Authors: Robson James
Published: October 2021

On the surface, the book of Jonah is marked by a certain literary simplicity and apparent artlessness. This is evident in at least three ways: its style, with few adjectives, action-oriented narrative, repetition of words and phrases, sound-plays and personifications; its plot, with extreme scenarios and a binary view of the world; its structure, with significant substantial correspondence. Yet it is often in the very places of apparent artlessness that there are hidden depths. A survey of these undercurrents suggests that the book of Jonah is best understood as an engaging exploration of how credal confessions relate to the complexities of lived experience.
Gender Versus Marital Concerns: Does 1 Corinthians 11:2-16 Address the Issues of Male/Female or Husband/Wife?
Authors: Massey Preston T.
Published: October 2021

This study proposes an alternative for interpreting the background to 1 Corinthians 11–14. The investigation will focus on the following three issues: 1) the issue of married women versus any woman; 2) the matter of a married woman’s talking in a public setting; and 3) the nature of the church as the family of God meeting in a house for public worship. The combination of these factors will lead to the conclusion that Paul is addressing marital issues.
The Parable of the Prodigal Father: An Interpretative Key to the Third Gospel (Luke 15:11-32)
Authors: Burke Trevor J.
Published: October 2021

Agreement on a title for the parable in Luke 15:11-32 has proved problematic for interpreters: is this primarily a story about the ‘son’ or ‘sons’ or a ‘family’? While such descriptions are viable, they are insufficient and the view taken in this essay, along with that of an increasing number of scholars—not discounting the role of the two sons—is to approach the story from a paternal perspective. Moreover, this parable is about a ‘prodigal father’ for his extravagant generosity and liberality is highly unusual and unexpected. Such conduct, however, is no less a part of the evangelist’s wider agenda of ‘prodigality’ in the third Gospel, where the same munificence and largesse are characteristics consonant with those who belong in the kingdom of God. It is concluded that if the father is representative of God in his reckless beneficence then another legitimate designation for this narrative should be ‘The Parable of the Prodigal Father’.
Death-Dealing Witchcraft in the Bible? Notes on the Condemnation of the ‘Daughters’ in Ezekiel 13:17-23
Authors: Evans John F.
Published: October 2021

The essay proposes a new reading of Ezekiel 13:17–23, drawing on ancient Near Eastern materials to argue that the exiled ‘daughters’ were likely not practising the binding magic of the kaššāptu (Akk.) ‘witch’ but a defensive, even therapeutic, binding magic similar to that of the Babylonian āšipu ‘exorcist’. Through their magic-bands Ezekiel’s female opponents are said to bring ‘death’ (v. 19), but this is best explained as either the women’s prophetic declaration of who was to live or die, or as the judgement of YHWH upon those in the community who believed their ‘lies’ and ‘false visions’, refusing to heed Ezekiel’s warnings. Deception by unauthorised prophecy, divination, and magic is the key issue.
On Exaggerating Creation’s Role in Biblical Law and Ethics
Authors: Neville Richard
Published: October 2021

Recent claims that creation theology is the broad horizon of Old Testament theology carry with them the potential for making easy connections between creation and ethics in biblical law. This potential is beginning to be realised in assertions that creation has an implied presence in Israel’s law and that Israel’s economic life was carried out within a worldview shaped by creation principles. These kinds of statements make it possible for the reader to discover creation at any point in the law that modern sensibilities would wish it. And yet the evidence presented here suggests that this will lead to the misreading of Israel’s law. Care needs to be taken that the marginalisation of creation theology in the twentieth century does not give way to a twenty-first century misrepresentation of creation’s role in Israel’s faith.
What’s Wrong with ‘Playing the Harlot’? The Meaning of זנה in Judges 19:2
Authors: Hamley Isabelle
Published: October 2021

The story of the Levite’s concubine in Judges 19 arouses horror—and very mixed scholarly interpretations. The silent concubine is cast in many shades, from silent victim to shady character on a par with the morally troubled Levite. Characterisation hinges on understanding the nature of the concubine’s actions in verse 2. Was she unfaithful, literally or metaphorically? Or simply angry, as in the Greek text? Despite a long tradition of exonerating the concubine from sexual misconduct, the debate has been reopened, unexpectedly, by feminist critics asking why we should automatically assume she is innocent of all wrongdoing, in a text where virtually all characters are morally ambiguous at best. This paper will argue that the Masoretic Text offers the best reading of the story, consistent with subtle narration and moral complexity.
Did Paul Invent Justification by Faith?
Authors: Stettler Hanna
Published: October 2021

Many researchers consider Paul’s doctrine of justification a unique teaching, which he developed comparatively late, in his debate with judaising opponents of his Gentile mission. This article seeks to show that justification by faith without works can already be found in Paul’s early writings and that Paul is by no means the first to teach it. Jesus, in his parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector found in Luke 18:9 14, taught it long before Paul, albeit in the shape of a story. The sentences Paul quotes in Galatians 2:16 and Romans 3:28 are not random remarks, but carefully phrased slogans which were handed down to Paul by those who were Christians before him. These sentences show an amazing verbal and conceptual congruity with the parable in Luke 18 and may well have been formulated on the basis of that parable. This seems all the more likely if we take into account that the parable was originally formulated in Aramaic and has a strong claim to authenticity.
The Rubrication of the Psalms in Codex Sinaiticus
Authors: James Mark Randall
Published: October 2021

This article examines the use of red ink (‘rubrication’) in the Psalms of Codex Sinaiticus. Building on Dirk Jongkind’s important study, Scribal Habits of Codex Sinaiticus, I offer an overview of the ancient practice of rubrication, a careful description of the scribal habits displayed in the rubrication in the Psalms of Sinaiticus, and a catalogue of probable scribal errors that occur in the rubrication. I offer three corrections or additions to Jongkind’s study: 1) scribe D’s omission of ΕΙΣ TO ΤΕΛΟΣ in the title of Psalm 87 was probably not a copying error, despite being a singular reading; 2) scribe A squeezed three lines of the text of the title to Psalm 100 into two because he forgot that he had left himself a third line at the bottom of the previous column; and 3) the ΔΙΑΨΑΛΜΑ at Psalm 139:9 was probably omitted by scribe A and added by a later hand, perhaps scribe D. This implies that A’s rubrication was checked and corrected.
The Curious Incident of the Boys and the Bears: 2 Kings 2 and the Prophetic Authority of Elisha
Authors: Irwin Brian P.
Published: October 2021

A view of 2 Kings 2 that is commonly encountered regards the cursing of the children of Bethel as a meaningless act that is beneath the dignity of the prophet. This paper argues that the curse uttered by Elisha in 2 Kings 2:24 is a covenant curse based on Leviticus 26:22 and is intended to warn Israel of what lies in store if it disregards the prophetic word. In this it complements the story of the healing of the waters of Jericho (2 Kings 2:19-22) which establishes the corollary principle. The events of 2 Kings 3–8 then illustrate this principle in a variety of contexts both nationally and internationally.
Imitatio Christianorum: The Function of Believers as Examples in Philippians
Authors: Cable Paul S.
Published: October 2021

In Philippians, Paul has pastoral, paraenetic aims: the Philippians are to adopt a Christian phronesis – a way of thought and life determined by their relationship to the crucified, humiliated, and risen Christ consisting specifically, in Philippians, of (1) an others-focused mindset; and (2) an attendant boldness and willingness to accept suffering and the burdens of others on behalf of the progress of the gospel. These paraenetic emphases are then embodied and illustrated by multiple examples: Christ is the ultimate exemplar and the source of the content of the exhortation. Paul himself is also one who embodies these qualities, though imperfectly. Timothy especially exemplifies others-focus, and Epaphroditus the willingness to suffer in the service of Christ. Euodia and Syntyche, finally, serve Christ boldly but lack the others-focus and unity that Paul exhorts. We conclude, then, that Paul understands the provision of such Christ-like examples and the imitation of those examples by those in Christ within Christian communities to be an important means by which the community progresses in holiness, that is, to be increasingly conformed to Christ.
Spiritual Warfare and the Church’s Mission According to Ephesians 6:10-17
Authors: Owens Mark D.
Published: October 2021

Ephesians 6:10-17 is typically understood as either a call to engage in spiritual warfare with the ‘powers’ or as a plea for ethical living. While these two interpretations are not necessarily incorrect, they are likely incomplete. More specifically, they do not account for the author’s use of Isaiah in verses 14-15 and 17 and how this text summarises the whole of Ephesians. When one considers these two factors, it becomes reasonable to conclude that this text portrays the church as a community of ‘divine-warriors’ who continue Christ’s mission by extending the new creation inaugurated by His sacrificial death and resurrection.
The Translation of Ο ΠΡΟΑΓΩΝ in 2 John 9
Authors: Griffith Terry
Published: October 2021

A little known Old Latin variant of 2 John 9 (‘qui recedit’ for ὁ προάγων) provides an interpretive clue that has been overlooked in the translation and exegesis of this verse. After a survey of modern translations (which tend to over-interpret this verb) and a look at ancient variants, new lexical evidence is adduced to show how ὁ προάγων functions in the Elder’s statement. Finally, a more neutral translation is offered: ‘Anyone who goes forth [or leaves] and who does not remain in the teaching of the Messiah does not possess God.’
Name Giving by Paul and the Destination of Acts
Authors: Fellows Richard G.
Published: October 2021

It is proposed that Paul gave new names to the most courageous and prominent founding members of his churches. Crispus, Jason, Lydia, and Titius Justus seem to have received the names Sosthenes, Aristarchus, Euodia, and Stephanas respectively. Epaenetus and Theophilus may also be new names. The names have meanings that reflect leadership roles and a similar cluster of leadership names in Third Corinthians witnesses to the renaming phenomenon. Acts may have been written for the Aegean believers, who already knew that Crispus was Sosthenes and that Jason was Aristarchus.
‘We Really Should Stop Translating נִיר in Kings as “Light” Or “Lamp”’: A Response’
Authors: Schreiner David B.
Published: October 2021

This essay responds to Deuk-il Shin’s recently published ‘The Translation of the Hebrew Term NĪR: “David’s Yoke”?’ I contend that Shin’s argument does not do enough to counteract Douglas Stuart’s call to stop translating נִיר in Kings as ‘light’ or ‘lamp’. Among other things, Shin does not consider important contributions to the discussion, which therefore renders his argumentation deficient. All things considered, Ehud Ben Zvi’s suggestion of territorial dominion is most appropriate.
‘Behold, There Were Twins in Her Womb’ (Gen. 25:24-26; 38:27-30): Medical Science and the Twin Births in Genesis
Authors: Makujina John
Published: October 2021

Eran Viezel claims that the book of Genesis is ignorant of the fundamentals of childbirth, particularly the presenting foetal member. While the head normally emerges first, Genesis mistakenly thinks that the hands present, as they do in livestock deliveries. Therefore, the veracity of the twin births in Genesis 25:24-26 and 38:27-30, where a hand exits the womb first (Jacob and Zerah), should be rejected. The present article, however, exposes significant inaccuracies and unsupported assumptions on Viezel’s part. Moreover, while maintaining that both births are anomalous, this article proposes medically realistic scenarios for the parturitions of the twins in Genesis.
Clinical Profile and CT-Chest Patterns of 56 Patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Ibrahim Olla A M , Alhaen Enas M , Mohmmed Walid A S , Salh Wadyan M A
Published: October 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic was announced, the concern of radiologists and physicians regarding its diagnosis has been profoundly raised. The primary reference for confirming COVID-19 pneumonia relies on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, where the subject of availability, false negative-rates, practice dependency, and time-consumption, made computed tomography (CT) more superior in Covid-19 pneumonia diagnosis, which was the situation in Al-Baida-city\Libya. The first local case in Al-Baida-city was reported on 30 July 2020, followed by a dramatic surge in the number of cases, which necessitated the recognition of main clinical features and CT-patterns of COVID-19 to facilitate rapid diagnosis. The aim of study: Describe the clinical features and the CT-chest patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia among the studied population. A descriptive case series study was conducted in the central hospital of Al-Baida city /Libya from 11 August to 21 September 2020, which involved 56 patients (31 females and 25 males). Patients’ ages ranged from 28-88 years (62.79± 11.3). Non-contrast CT-chest was performed on all patients. The main patients’ complaints were fever 94.6%, dyspnea 89.3%, and cough 85.7%. The most common CT pattern among the studied cases was ground-glass opacities found in 100% of patients, followed by vascular thickening 88%, consolidative lesion 71.4%, crazy-paving pattern 57%, vacuolar sign 57.1%, architecture distortion 40%, halo sign 34%, reverse halo sign 34.5%, and traction-bronchiectasis 16% of the studied cases. Finally, recognition of CT-chest patterns of Covid-19 pneumonia plays a significant role in early detection, and therefore isolation and management of the disease. The findings of this study can be used as a baseline for further research in the future.
How Does Tibial Pin Placement in Navigated Total Knee Arthroplasty Affect the Torsional Strength of the Tibia?
Authors: McChesney Grant R. , Morris Randal P. , Al Barghouthi Abeer , Travascio Francesco , Latta Loren L. , Lindsey Ronald W.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Surgical navigation technology has recently become more prevalent for total knee arthroplasty. Surgical navigation typically requires pin placement in the proximal tibia diaphysis to stabilize the bone-tracking hardware, and there have been several recent reports of fractures through these residual navigation pin holes. The objective of this biomechanical study was to determine whether a difference exists in the torsional bone strength of a 5-mm navigation pin hole drilled at a single location in three different orientations: unicortical, bicortical, and transcortical.

Methods:

Biomechanical composite sawbone tibias were used to test four conditions: the intact condition with no holes, a unicortical hole, a bicortical hole, and a transcortical hole through the proximal diaphysis. Seven specimens from each group were tested in external rotation to failure at 1 deg/sec. Torque-to-failure, absorbed energy-to-failure, and rotational angle-to-failure were statistically compared across the four groups.

Results:

All specimens failed proximally by spiral oblique fractures. No statistical differences were found between unicortical and bicortical groups in torque-to-failure, energy-to-failure, and angle-to-failure. However, both unicortical and bicortical groups were markedly lower in all measures than the intact group. The transcortical group was markedly lower in all measures than the intact group and both unicortical and bicortical groups.

Discussion:

An appropriately placed navigation residual pin hole, either unicortical or bicortical, markedly decreases the torque-to-failure, energy-to-failure, and angle-to-failure of the tibia compared with the intact condition in a synthetic sawbones model. No notable difference was detected between the unicortical and bicortical holes; however, an errant transcortical residual navigation pin hole markedly decreases all measures compared with an appropriately placed unicortical or bicortical hole.
APLIKASI TANDA TANGAN DIGITAL DENGAN ALGORITMA GOST UNTUK KEAMANAN PENGIRIMAN FILE DOKUMEN
Authors: Yoppi Edunal , Situmorang Zakarias
Published: October 2021

Tanda tangan digital adalah sebuah tanda tangan yang berbasiskan skema kriptografi. Tanda tangan digital dibuat dengan memanfaatkan kriptografi kunci publik. Algoritma GOST adalah salah satu algoritma kunci publik yang dapat digunakan untuk sistem tanda tangan digital. Mekanisme kerja algoritma GOST cukup sederhana dan mudah dimengerti tetapi kokoh. Keamanan GOST terletak pada sulitnya memfaktorkan bilangan yang besar menjadi faktor-faktor prima. Perangkat lunak untuk simulasi sistem tanda tangan digital akan dibangun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java. Perangkat lunak yang dibangun akan menjelaskan proses tanda tangan digital yang meliputi proses pembentukan kunci, pembentukan tanda tangan dan proses verifikasi.
Pengukuran Kualitas Jaringan Internet Dengan Sinyal 3G Lte Pada STMIK Budi Darma Medan dengan Metode Quality Of Service (QoS)
Authors: Sinaga Sony Bahagia , Hasan Yasir
Published: October 2021

In today's age the internet needs are very important for communicating or looking for information. The longer the development of the internet network is increasingly widespread such as 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G technologies. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a long-term radio evolution access network issued by the 3rd (Generation Partnership Project). To improve internet network services at STMIK Budidarma, testing and measurement are carried out using the Quality Of Service (QoS) method to determine the quality and power of data transfer. The Quality Of Service (QoS) method found on a TCP / IP network is one that focuses on allocating bandwidth within the internet network that flows fairly and as needed. The QoS method that relies on testing the process of delay time, latency time, packet request time and creating a network topology to reduce the risk that arises.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemberian Bantuan Dana Miskin pada Kabupaten Karo Menggunakan Metode AHP
Authors: Colia Chandra , Sitorus Lamhot
Published: October 2021

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is intended to build a system of protection for the poor. In PKH, assistance given to very poor households is then obliged to send their children to school, conduct health checks including nutritional checks and immunization for toddlers and check the womb for pregnant women. In the short term, this assistance is expected to help reduce the burden of expenditure, while the long term is expected to break the chain of poverty between generations. Example: Jamkesmas, Apras (Pre-School Children, Toddler Children) The implementation of PKH carried out also by the Social Service Office in Karo Regency is still inadequate to provide assistance for poor funds, so that the system will be built using the AHP method. process or enter each specified condition or criteria and the weight that has been determined for each criterion into the system easily and quickly and make the report faster
Sistem Informasi Potensi Kependudukan Desa Sukajulu Berbasis Web
Authors: Ginting Monika , Pakpahan Sorang
Published: October 2021

Village Potential is the whole of the resources owned or used by the village both human resources (HR), natural resources (SDA) and institutions or infrastructure and facilities to support the acceleration of community welfare. However, in notifying the potential possessed by Sukajulu village, it has not been able to be understood quickly because it does not yet have a village potential website. Where village officials still have difficulties in providing potential information to village communities and the wider community. So with the above problems, the writer wants to build a potential information system of Sukajulu Village that will facilitate village officials in inputting village potential data inputs and make it easier to publish Village data, especially in Sukajulu Village, by utilizing computer applications that have been created and can convey information quickly and accurately for both the village community and the wider community who need information about the potential of Sukajulu Village
Pemetaan Tata Kelola IT Menggunakan Standarisasi Cobit 4.1 (Studi Kasus UKMC Palembang)
Authors: Simbolon Defrianti , Wijaya Andri
Published: October 2021

COBIT 4.1 is a standardization of framework mapping using a balanced scorecard that aims to implement information technology governance performance in UKMC. Information technology carried out in UKMC must be monitored and managed properly so as to avoid problems such as disrupted data security, data leakage, and organizational losses. Identification results obtained from COBIT 4.1 mapping obtained 21 sub domain processes that must be applied in UKMC such as PO (PO1, PO2, PO4, PO8, PO10), AI (AI, AI2, AI4, AI6, AI7), DS (DS1, DS2 , DS3, DS4 DS5, DS7, DS8, DS10, DS13), and ME (ME1, ME2). The sub domain of the process must be implemented and implemented in UKMC to support the achievement of the realization of good university governance and ensure that the information technology system that has been implemented in UKMC is aligned with the organization's goals so that the vision and mission of KSITK will run effectively and efficiently for UKMC development
Perayaan Israel Bagi Ekklesia
Authors: Yohanes Heppy
Published: October 2021

God as the Initiator of culture in Israel put celebration to be celebrated by them. The celebration is Passover celebration, unleavened bread, firstfruits, Pentecost, trumpet, atonement, and booths as written in Leviticus 23. In order to understand God's purpose in each of these feasts, one must have the same way of thinking as the Israelites. One form is to celebrate the feasts. But there are groups within Christianity who refuse to celebrate it on the grounds of Paul's direction in Colossians 2:16. Through descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, it can be concluded that the current condition of the church only celebrates Passover and Pentecost of the seven Israelite feasts. There are groups who thought that not all the Words are things that the church must do, especially in Leviticus 23. Celebrations based on the Hebrew language mean entering an appointed cycle and time, thus explaining that the church should follow this celebration in order to align with God's cycle and experience God's appointed time. Each of Israel feasts has great significance and is an image that can help believers experience spiritual growth. Church history proves that Israel's celebrations were no longer celebrated not by the decree of the apostles, but as a result of the shift in Constantine's reign in Rome. So, the Israelite Festival should be celebrated and taught its meaning by the church.Tuhan sebagai Penggagas kebudayaan di Israel menaruh perayaan yang harus dirayakan oleh mereka. Perayaan tersebut adalah Paskah, roti tak beragi, buah sulung, pentakosta, terompet, pendamaian, dan pondok daun seperti yang tertulis pada kitab Imamat 23. Agar bisa mengerti maksud Tuhan pada setiap perayaan tersebut pastinya harus memiliki cara berpikir yang sama dengan orang Israel. Salah satu bentuknya adalah merayakan perayaan tersebut. Namun ada kelompok didalam kekristenan yang menolak untuk merayakannya dengan alasan atas arahan Paulus pada Kolose 2:16. Melalui metode kualitatif deskritif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dapat disimpulkan bahwa dapat kondisi gereja saat ini hanya merayakan paskah dan pentakosta dari tujuh perayaan Israel. Adanya kelompok yang beranggapan bahwa tidak semua Firman merupakan hal yang wajib gereja lakukan, khsususnya pada Imamat 23 ini. Perayaan berdasarkan Bahasa Ibrani berarti memasuki siklus dan waktu yang ditetapkan, sehingga menerangkan bahwa gereja seharusnya mengikuti perayaan ini untuk bisa selaras dengan siklus Tuhan dan mengalami waktu yang Tuhan tetapkan. Setiap perayaan Israel memiliki makna yang sangat penting dan merupakan gambaran yang dapat membantu orang percaya untuk mengalami pertumbuhan rohani. Sejarah gereja membuktikan bahwa perayaan Israel tidak dirayakan lagi bukan oleh keputusan rasul-rasul, melainkan diakibatkan pergeseran saat kekuasaan Konstantin di Romawi. Jadi seharusnya Perayaan Israel dirayakan dan diajarkan maknanya oleh gereja.
Pemuridan dalam Konsep Teologi Pantekosta bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto
Published: October 2021

Discipleship is the most important part of church growth. The early church, after the descent of the Holy Spirit, experienced tremendous breakthroughs. It cannot be denied that the concept of Pentecostal theology is not overemphasized. That is why this writing about a discipleship makes an effective contribution to thinking about and starting a movement for the concept of Pentecostal theology. The movement in the gifts of the Holy Spirit is indeed very extraordinary and brings great movement in the concept of Pentecostal theology. However, if it is not based on discipleship, then the church will only focus on the sparkling gifts of gifts, but cannot be firmly rooted. This research uses descriptive method, which is studying Discipleship in the Concept of Pentecostal Theology for Church Growth from the point of view of the truth of God's Word. The purpose of this discussion is to provide a new perspective on the discipleship that is the basis of church growth. In discipleship there will be a strong foundation laying on the truth of God's Word, the growth of spiritual maturity, spiritual gifts that function more optimally, the multiplication of new leaders and the church becomes strong from generation to generation. All are fully committed to the power of the Holy Spirit who will help and equip.Pemuridan menjadi bagian yang paling penting dalam sebuah pertumbuhan gereja.. Gereja mula-mula setelah peristiwa turunnya Roh Kudus, mengalami terobosan yang luar biasa. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa dalam konsep teologi Pantekosta tidak terlalu ditekankan. Itu sebabnya penulisan ini tentang sebuah pemuridan memberikan kontribusi yang efektif untuk memikirkan dan memulai sebuah gerakan bagi dalam konsep teologi Pantekosta. Kegerakan dalam karunia-karunia Roh Kudus memang sangat luar biasa dan membawa kegerakan yang hebat dalam konsep teologi Pantekosta.. Namun kalau tidak didasari dengan sebuah pemuridan, maka gereja hanya fokus kepada gemerlap kehebohan karunia saja, namun tidak bisa berakar dengan kuat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif, yaitu mempelajari tentang Pemuridan dalam Konsep Teologi Pantekosta bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja dari sudut pandang kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Tujuan pembahasan ini adalah memberikan pandangan yang baru tentang sebuah pemuridan yang menjadi dasar pertumbuhan gereja. Dalam pemuridan akan terjadi peletakan dasar yang kuat tentang kebenaran Firman Tuhan, pertumbuhan kedewasaan rohani, karunia-karunia rohani yang berfungsi lebih optimal, multiplikasi pemimpin baru dan gereja menjadi kokoh dari generasi ke generasi. Semua diserahkan sepenuhnya dalam kekuatan Roh Kudus yang akan menolong dan memperlengkapi.
Biblical Pentecost
Authors: King John Henry
Published: October 2021

Tiga ribu saksi tertusuk dalam hati mereka oleh Roh pada hari pertama itu sementara Petrus berbicara tentang peristiwa-peristiwa tetapi tujuh minggu sebelumnya. Pentakosta Alkitabiah adalah kisah Gereja yang dibakar oleh nyala api yang turun dari surga, dinyalakan pada hari Pentakosta dan yang tidak dapat padam. Itu telah berkobar sepanjang sejarah, mungkin kadang-kadang berkedip sangat rendah, tetapi selalu, dihembuskan oleh penganiayaan sampai berkobar terang seperti pada awalnya. Ini adalah kisah tentang Roh yang melayang-layang, menciptakan, bekerja di dalam dan di antara umat-Nya seperti dulu ketika Dia menciptakan langit dan bumi.Three thousand witnesses were pricked in their hearts by the Spirit that first day while Peter spoke of events but seven weeks earlier. Biblical Pentecost is the story of the Church set ablaze by a flame descending from heaven, ignited at Pentecost, and which could not be extinguished. It has blazed throughout history, perhaps at times flickering alarmingly low, but always, fanned by persecution until it raged brightly as at the beginning. This is the story of the Spirit hovering, creating, working in and among His people as once before when He created the heavens and the earth.
Review of Indonesia Revival: Focus on Timor
Authors: Lathrop John P.
Published: October 2021

News of spiritual stirrings in the Christian church attract attention. Believers around the world are encouraged by such reports. These accounts hold out the hope that it can happen in other places and may prompt some to pray for just such a divine visitation. In the later part of the twentieth century Indonesia was the setting for one of these moves of God. A number of people have written about this revival, George W. Peters is one of them. In his book, Indonesia Revival Focus On Timor, he looks at the factors that he believes contributed to it as well as its strengths and weaknesses.Berita tentang gejolak rohani di gereja Kristen menarik perhatian. Orang-orang percaya di seluruh dunia didorong oleh laporan semacam itu. Kisah-kisah ini memberikan harapan bahwa hal itu dapat terjadi di tempat lain dan mungkin mendorong beberapa orang untuk berdoa untuk kunjungan ilahi seperti itu. Di bagian akhir abad kedua puluh, Indonesia adalah tempat untuk salah satu gerakan Tuhan ini. Sejumlah orang telah menulis tentang kebangkitan ini, George W. Peters adalah salah satunya. Dalam bukunya, Indonesia Revival Focus On Timor, ia melihat faktor-faktor yang menurutnya berkontribusi terhadapnya serta kekuatan dan kelemahannya.
Tinjauan Teologis Konsep Hidup Berkelimpahan dalam Perspektif Teologi Kemakmuran
Authors: Simorangkir Sri Lina Betty Lamsihar , Sumarno Andreas Marhain
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The Bible is the word of God which teaches the truth by understanding it through comprehensive study. In following Jesus, believers must return to the correct understanding of materiality and wealth so as not to be trapped. In this study, it was found that living in abundance in the teachings of prosperity theology does not indicate that God's children must be prosperous and abundant in material things. This study uses qualitative methods with exposition and exegesis approaches. Thus, it can be concluded that the theological review of the concept of abundant life in the perspective of prosperity theology. First, it brings the congregation to understand the nature of Abundant Life in prosperity theology by looking at the background and teachings of Prosperity Theology. Furthermore, understanding in a comprehensive manner that a Bible review of several verses that are used as the basis for Abundant Life as a Prosperity Theology Teaching becomes an apologist who brings a new paradigm. And the last Bible review of abundance in a biblical perspective and educating believers' attitudes about wealth according to the Bible.

Abstrak: Alkitab adalah firman Allah yang mengajarkan kebenaran dengan memahaminya melalui mempelajarinya secara konprihensif. Dalam mengikut Yesus, orang percaya harus kembali kepada pemahaman yang benar tentang materi dan kekayaan agar tidak terjebak. Dalam penelitian ini di dapatkan bahwa hidup berkelimpahan dalam ajaran teologi kemakmuran tidak menunjukkan bahwa anak Tuhan harus makmur dan berlimpah dalam materi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksposisi dan eksegesa. Demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tinjauan teologis konsep hidup berkelimpahan dalam perspektif teologi kemakmuran. Pertama membawa jemaat dapat mengerti hakikat Hidup berkelimpahan dalam teologi kemakmuran dengan melihat latar belakang berdiri dan Ajaran Teologi Kemakmuran. Selanjutnya memahami secara konfrernhensif bahwa tinjauan Alkitab tentang beberapa ayat yang dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk Hidup Berkelimpahan Sebagai Ajaran Teologi Kemakmuran menjadi apologet yang membawa paradigma baru. Dan yang terakhir Tinjauan Alkitab tentang kelimpahan dalam perspektif Alkitab dan mengedukasi bagi Sikap orang percaya tentang kekayaan Menurut Alkitab.
UV-C radiation-induced changes in the legs and trichoid sensilla of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Tungjitwitayakul Jatuporn , Nujira Tatun
Published: October 2021

Since various kind of receptors in insects are mainly located on their legs. We estimate the influence of ultraviolet-C on the leg morphology and trichoid sensilla of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), zero-day-old pupae were irradiated with UV-C at a distance of 35 cm for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min. Changes in leg morphologies and trichoid sensilla were determined using light and scanning electron microscopes. UV-C radiation caused the abnormalities of an adult’s legs that were classified into three levels; mild, moderate, and strong. Legs of the resulting adults were developed into malformed structures that lacked clear segmental identity. The severity of leg abnormalities was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. UV-C significantly decreased the length and width of the femur, tibia, and tarsus. In the strongly affected level, the femur was reduced in size while the tibia and tarsus were completely deleted, and there was no evidence of claws. Scanning electron microscopy showed the wrinkled cuticle on the leg segment, and the sensilla of the resulting adults appeared less in number. After UV-C radiation, the trichoid sensilla on the femur became longer and wider, but the trichoid sensilla on the tibia were shorter and narrower. Taken together, UV-C irradiation during pupal stage interfered development of legs and brought about specific malformation features.