bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surveilans Penyalahgunaan Bahan Kimia Sintetis Deksametason Pada Jamu Pegal Linu Menggunakan Metode Near Infra Red dan Kemometrik
Authors: Cendekiawan Khrisna Agung , Winarso Sugeng , Novi Marchianti Ancah Caesarina
Published: December 2020

Law Number 36 of 2009 regarding Health states that the community is given the widest opportunity to process, produce, distribute, develop, improve, and use traditional medicines that can be justified for their benefits and safety. The presence of medicinal chemicals added to traditional medicines (herbs) is not appropriate to the therapeutic dose, resulting in overdosing and causing side effects that can be harmful to the health of the consumers. One of the analytical methods to detect the presence of medicinal chemicals, especially dexamethasone, is the Near Infra Red and Chemometrics method. The research design used in this study was descriptive non-analytic. The population in this study is 28 herbal medicine shop that sells herbal sore-aches traditional medicines (jamu pegal linu) in Jember Regency using the Total Sampling technique. This study is using univariate analysis of frequency distribution. This research shows that there was no chemical content of dexametasone found in all herbal medicine samples in the analysis using the Near Infra Red method while in the Chemometric testing, it was found that one of the herbal samples (code J-C) contained 2% of dexamethasone. It is imperative to Socialize to the community the impact of using herbal medicine containing medicinal chemicals, and it also needs to be analyzed using the most sensitive methods.Keyword: Chemical Abuse, Dexamethasone, Sciatica Herbs, Near Infra Red, Chemometric Methods
Bazı biyopreparatların Pamuk beyazsineği ve Domates güvesi’ne laboratuvar koşullarında etkinliği
Authors: DURMUŞOĞLU Enver , BALCI Hasan , HASSAN Errol
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma Azdirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) ve Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae) bitkilerinden elde edilen ve farklı oranda biyoaktif içeren biyopreparatların Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nimfleri ve Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvaları üzerindeki öldürücü etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Laboratuvar çalışmalarında iki farklı bitki ekstraktından elde edilen 11 preparatın ve 2 ticari neem preparatının % 0,5; % 1,0 ve % 1,5’luk solüsyonlarının Pamuk beyazsineği ve Domates güvesi üzerine insektisidal etkileri yaprak daldırma yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.Bulgular: Preparatların etki oranı doz artışıyla birlikte yükselmiştir. En yüksek dozda B. tabaci ile yürütülen denemelerde uygulamadan yedi gün sonra yapılan değerlendirmelere göre; Çay ağacının Alfa tops bileşenlerini içeren preparatları % 67.37 ile 75.79, Gamma tops bileşenlerini içeren preparatları %93.68 ile 97.89 ve Neem ekstraktları içeren preparatlar ise %91.93 ile 95.79 arasında etki göstermiştir. T. absoluta ile yürütülen denemelerde ise uygulamadan on gün sonra yapılan değerlendirmelere göre; Çay ağacının Alfa tops bileşenlerini içeren preparatları %40.00 ile 70.00, Gamma tops bileşenlerini içeren preparatları %82.50 ile 95.00 ve Neem ekstraktları içeren preparatlar %87.50 ile 97.50 arasında etki göstermiştir. Her iki zararlıya karşı ticari neem preparatları ise %100 etki göstererek en etkili preparatlar olmuştur.Sonuç: Çay ağacının Gamma tops bileşenlerini içeren preparatları ile Neem ekstraktı içeren preparatların %1 ve % 1,5’lik dozlarının Bemisia tabaci ve Tuta absoluta’yı önemli oranda kontrol edebileceği laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenmiş olsa da bu verilerin arazi çalışmalarıyla desteklenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Features of teaching cartographic disciplines of foreign students of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology
Authors: Sankova Elena A.
Published: December 2020

We considered the peculiarities of teaching foreign students from Turkmenistan the discipline "Cartography with the basics of topography". We revealed the essence of the difficulties that foreign students have to overcome during the adaptation period in Russia. The difficulties of adaptation are associated with the mastery of the Russian language; entry into the new pedagogical system with its structural components; the presence of another culture and political system that influence the formation of interpersonal relations with fellow students and other people; new climatic conditions; distance from relatives and relatives; the need for self-service; material instability. We proposed to create special conditions in order to improve the quality of practical work performed by foreign students: the organization of mini-groups of foreign students of 2–3 people with the inclusion of one Russian student who can help his foreign fellow students do practical work; reduction of the number of compulsory practical works for first-year foreign students by one or two jobs compared to Russian students; inclusion of step-by-step algorithm of practical works performance in methodological instructions to them. As a basis, we proposed a vocational-oriented training technology that contributes to the adaptation of this category of students on the basis of individualization, differentiation and a personal-oriented approach and guarantees the achievement of the goal – the formation of cartographic competence.
The Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 – patriotism: feat and tragedy of the rear
Authors: POPOVA Marina P. , USKOV Vladimir A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the processes that took place in the rear of the Red (Soviet) Army (1941–1945) and the invaders in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR. They predetermined the course and outcome of the global catastrophe – the Great Patriotic and World War II. The work used methods of content analysis, comparison and research of processes from “themselves”. This made it possible to create a voluminous idea of the patriotic feat and tragedy of the rear of the fighting USSR. The dialectic of the processes that took place is that it was both a feat and a tragedy of the population of the USSR, which, being on the verge of existence, defended its home, homeland and saved the party-state of the CPSU(b)-SSSR. The pragmatic content of this process looks like this: created – destroyed (USSR industrial base); recreated (under the threat of physical destruction by the invaders of the industrial base for the needs of the invaders) – destroyed (the invaders destroyed the industrial base during the retreat); recreated an industrial base on the liberated territory of the USSR. A review of the processes allows us to draw the following conclusions: a) the life of the rear of the USSR of the Great Patriotic War – heroism woven with the worst tragedy; b) the fate and life of the rear (within the indicated borders) – contempt of all norms and laws of humanism; c) the German rear suffered less human losses than the Soviet one during this period; d) the party-state system of the USSR of that period demonstrated a higher mobilization potential for achieving Victory than the state and party systems of opponents of the USSR; e) the main resource of the Victory of the USSR in this war was the historical ability – the readiness of Soviet people to overcome all kinds of disasters.
Features of the migration movement of the rural population of the Tambov region in the 20th century at the personal level
Authors: KANISHCHEV Valery V.
Published: December 2020

We considered migration movements of groups of people who have achieved certain successes at the regional and all-Russian levels and applied methods of cohort analysis, creation of prosopographic database, microanalysis. The historical approach made it possible to trace changes in the subject of the study over a long period of time. As a result, we established conditions and factors that contributed to the successful consequences of the migration of individual rural residents outside the agrarian society. The most significant factor in future successes, as the study showed, in the 20th century was education above average, especially at the earliest postsecondary age. The studied sample also reflected the factor traditional for Russia – conscription and manifestation of heroism in the defense of the Motherland. Labor migration gave a noticeably less chance of becoming a successful person. As it turned out, those immigrants from the Tambov peasants who did not migrate on their own, but with their parents showed the least “punching” opportunities. Comparisons of sample materials with all-Russian data, first of all, showed that in the general base of rural migrants, the move to the city in connection with admission to study was 20 % less in the RSFSR than in our cohort. Also in the sample there were no rural residents who arrived in non-rural settlements by organizational set. Probably, the least active people were among such non-independent immigrants. It is obvious on all-Russian material that the largest groups of migrants from the village were labor migrants and people who left for family reasons. Their ability to achieve notable life successes compared to the educated and military was lower.
Activities of service organizations in the region: organizational and management aspects
Authors: KARVITSKAYA Galina V. , PEREKATIEVA Tatiana A.
Published: December 2020

The significant growth of the service sector in the regions, leading to increased competition between business entities, requires constant improvement of various aspects of management in the relevant enterprises, continuous adaptation to changes in the external environment. The purpose of this study is to identify current organizational and management trends and problems in the activities of business entities in the service sphere of a particular region (using the example of the Ryazan region). During preparation of the study, we used materials from scientific publications, official company websites, advertising and commercial information, statistical and empirical observation methods. Considering the general state, structure and heterogeneity of the region's services sector in dynamics, we identified the most significant modern trends in the organization and management of service enterprises: increased customer orientation, increased attention to the quality of services, digitalization of service processes, building Internet communications with customers and partners, diversification of services, etc. The most significant problems revealed during the analysis included the contradictory influence of federal networks on the market for services in the region, flaws in the branding system, false customer orientation, a high share of shadow processes, etc.
The endoscope and instruments for minimally invasive neurosurgery
Authors: Shaikh Salman , Deopujari Chandrashekhar
Published: December 2020

The advent of neuroendoscopy catalyzed the ongoing development of minimally invasive neurosurgery in the 1990s. This millennium has seen rapid developments in the design of scopes, improved high-definition visualization systems, and a plethora of dedicated instruments. Many minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures have become the new “standard of care” today. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endonasal pituitary surgeries have replaced alternative techniques in most major institutes in the world and the indications are rapidly increasing to tackle many midline skullbase, intraventricular, and some parenchymal lesions as well. The scope of minimally invasive neurosurgery has extended to spine surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, and unique indications, viz. craniosynostosis repair. This review describes many of these developments over the years, evaluates current scenario, and tries to give a glimpse of the “not so distant” future.
Campesina a Campesino: Educación campesina para la resistencia y la transformación agroecológica
Authors: Val Valentin , Rosset Peter Michael
Published: December 2020

En este ensayo abordamos los procesos “de campesina a campesino” (PCaC) como dispositivo educativo y epistémico incluyente donde se articula una agroecología de saberes para la constitución del campesinado agroecológico y la agroecología campesina como proceso de resistencia y transformación desde la perspectiva de las organizaciones y movimientos sociales rurales articulados en La Vía Campesina (LVC). Introducimos primero una idea en desarrollo acerca de la morfología de los procesos pedagógicos en los PCaC, para luego examinar elementos íntimamente imbricados en la constitución del campesinado agroecológico: (1) la metodología CaC stricto sensu, (2) las escuelas campesinas y procesos de educación y formación en agroecología, y (3) los encuentros y procesos organizativos. Finalmente, presentamos algunos elementos para pensar cómo estas estrategias pedagógicas otras contribuyen a la emergencia de un campesinado agroecológico diverso y plural, y una agroecología que trasciende su carácter productivo para convertirse en un proyecto político-epistémico-ontológico plural e inclusivo de transformación agroecológica.
Antirodni pokreti u 21. stoljeću
Authors: Gergorić Maja
Published: December 2020

Početak 21. stoljeća obilježili su pojava i širenje antirodnih pokreta u Europi‎ i Latinskoj Americi. U ovom radu prikazujem literaturu o tim pokretima. Analizirane‎ radove izabrala sam pregledom akademske tražilice Google Scholar, a temeljni‎ kriterij za uvrštavanje u analizu bila je uporaba izraza "antirodni" u naslovu, sažetku‎ ili sadržaju teksta. U analizu su uvrštena šezdeset dva rada, a pregled je strukturiran‎ prema glavnima analitičkim pristupima u studijama društvenih pokreta: prema‎ kulturnim artefaktima i diskurzivnim okvirima, organizacijskim obilježjima i aktivističkim‎ mrežama te strukturama političkih mogućnosti. U članku analiziram i određenje‎ pojmova, dizajn istraživanja, korištene metode i zemljopisnu pokrivenost‎ istraživanjima. Na temelju analize sadržaja zaključujem kako su antirodni pokreti‎ određeni heterogeno, kako su korištene metode i zemljopisna pokrivenost homogeni‎ te kako u analizi prevladavaju kulturni artefakti i diskurzivni okviri.‎
Assessing the Risks of SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife
Authors: Delahay Richard , de la Fuente Jose , Smith Graham , Sharun Khan , Snary Emma , Flores Giron Luis , Nziza Julius , Fooks Anthony , Brookes Sharon , Lean Fabian , Breed Andrew , Gortazar Christian
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and dramatic impacts on both human health and global economies. Since the onset of the pandemic, there have been several instances of human-to-animal transmission involving companion, farmed and zoo animals, with the clear potential for spread into free-living wildlife. The establishment of reservoirs of infection in wild animals would create significant challenges to infection control in humans and could pose a threat to the welfare and conservation status of wildlife. Herein, we discuss the potential for exposure, maintenance and onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an initial selection of wild and feral species (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes). Targeted surveillance and dynamic risk assessment are important tools for the early detection of infection in wildlife and a means of collating and synthesising emerging information in a rapidly changing situation. Such efforts should be integrated with public health information to provide insights into the potential role of wild mammals in the continuing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. This approach should also be adopted to address the wider need to proactively assess threats to human and animal health from other diseases that may emerge from wildlife.
Quantum Field of Functional Density
Authors: Machusky Eugene , Goncharov Olexander
Published: December 2020

For the first time in scientific and engineering practice, it is logically and mathematically substantiated, computationally verified and metrologically confirmed that classic and quantum physics, analytical and quantum chemistry, as well as continuous symbolic and discrete digital mathematical analysis, all have computational limits of information entropy, upper 1/10^16 and lower 1/10^64. Mutual displacement of these limits relatively center of Euclidean three-dimensional and of Cartesian two-dimensional space generate sets of quantum dots of mesh topology and weighted average harmonic units of quantum metrics of internal atomic and outer cosmic space, as well as determines limits of communication speed, clock frequency, calculation power and accuracy for any computing machine with subatomic elements of memory. The matrices of functional density and entropy of energy and information fields reconciles classic and quantum physics with continuous and discrete mathematics of special and general relativity.
Concepções, projetos e experiências de educação integral no Brasil
Authors: Yamazato Marcelo Oda , Nascente Renata Maria Moschen
Published: December 2020

A educação integral está em pauta nos discursos políticos, acadêmicos e midiáticos no Brasil. Por isso, é relevante entender o que significa educação integral, quais são as compreensões vigentes desse conceito. Assim, o objetivo deste ensaio é analisar a educação integral sob uma perspectiva histórica, compreendendo as diferentes matrizes ideológicas de diversas concepções, principalmente daquelas que chegaram ao Brasil e foram, de diversas formas, concretizadas. Em relação às experiências brasileiras de educação integral, têm havido historicamente a preponderância de fatores políticos e financeiros em detrimento de aspectos pedagógicos e sociais, com algumas exceções, cujo foco foi a educação integral humanizadora. Também foi possível confirmar que o tema da educação integral se mantém relevante por ser objeto de projetos e experiências em andamento em muitos municípios e estados. Foi possível ainda explicitar como suas diversas compreensões remetem a diferentes visões de sociedade, para as quais deve-se ter um olhar crítico, para que possa contribuir para uma escolarização socialmente justa e democrática.
The role of the leader in the institutional communication process in TRNC primary schools
Authors: Baştaş Mert , Aktunç Hüseyin
Published: December 2020

The general purpose of this research is the examination of the role of the leader in the institutional communication process in TRNC primary schools. While conducting the research, principals and deputy principals, who are administrators in primary schools, were accepted as leaders in schools. At this point, it has been tried to determine how teachers perceive corporate communication in TRNC primary schools and whether their administrators show a leading role in terms of communication skills. Among the most important results of the research; Primary school teachers with a bachelor's degree had a more positive attitude towards the communication skills of their administrators than primary school teachers with a master's degree. Most of the teachers (69.4%) participating in our study stated that the most important feature that a leader should have is "effective communication skills".
Effective monitoring of trihalomethanes in water supply systems
Authors: Sathasivan (Sathaa) Arumugam , Kastl George , Fisher Ian
Published: December 2020

To ensure public health safety, water supplied to consumers should meet both microbiological and disinfection by-product (DBP) requirements. Water utilities are ensuring microbiological safety of water, but there is considerable variation in monitoring and reporting trihalomethane (THM) levels across Australia, for the obvious reasons of cost and lack of resources and skills to monitor total THMs (TTHMs). Such practices lead to neglecting the long-term health risks from DBPs, which are often exacerbated by overdosing chlorine.
Peran Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Beribadah Anak Usia Dini Di Ra Perwanida Dusun Pucangombo Kecamatan Tegalombo Kabupaten Pacitan
Authors: Nafiah Siti , Muafiah Evi
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the discipline profile of early childhood worship in RA Perwanida, Pucangombo Hamlet, Tegalombo Pacitan; (2) to describe the role of the teacher as a guide in improving the discipline of early childhood worship at RA Perwanida, Pucangombo Hamlet, Tegalombo Pacitan; (3) to describe the teacher's role as a supervisor in improving the discipline of early childhood worship in RA Perwanida, Pucangombo Hamlet, Tegalombo Pacitan. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The results of this study are: (1) Discipline profile for children of age in RA Perwanida Pucangombo Hamlet Tegalombo Pacitan in general is included in the category of lack of discipline. (2) The role of the teacher as a guide, the teacher collaborates with parents of parents to take part in implementing / implementing regulations has been determined by the school institution in the sense that parents should support the child. 3) The role of the teacher as a supervisior, being a model / example in applying the discipline of worship to early childhood continuously, the teacher provides supervision
Konsep Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Al-Ghazali Dan Abdullah Nashih Ulwan (Studi Komparasi Pemikiran)
Authors: Alfiah Siti
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Education is fundamental in improving the welfare of the nation, because education is a place for moral cultivation, good character, independence, and other knowledge. Al-Ghazali is one of the leaders of classical Islamic thought who is a Sufism thinker and many of the expertise he mastered, one of which is dubbed as Hujjatul Islam (defender of Islam) and Imam al-Murabbin (Expert in Education), while Abdullah Nashih Ulwan is a figure of modern thought in in the world of education. He was the first person to introduce Tarbiyah Islamiyah subjects which were used as basic lessons in school. This study aims to determine the similarities and differences of early childhood Islamic education from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Abdullah Nashih Ulwan. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. This type of research is library research (library research). Data collection techniques used were using the documentation method. Data analysis techniques using content analysis techniques. The results of this study are similarities and differences in the concept of early childhood Islamic education from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Abdullah Nashih Ulwan.
Peran Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Moral Anak Usia Dini Di Tk It Qurrota A’yun Ponorogo
Authors: Hurmaini Sofi
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to understand: 1) What is the role of the teacher as a guide in improving the morale of young children in kindergarten IT Qurrota A'yun Ponorogo; and 2) What is the role of the teacher as an educator in improving the morale of young children in kindergarten IT Qurrota A 'Yun Ponorogo. The research used is qualitative research. This type of research is a case study. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques taken by the concept proposed by Miles and Huberman are data reduction, data presentation, and discussed conclusions. The results showed that: 1). In accordance with the preconventional morality of children who do not comply with the rules, they are subject to punishment, such as children who argue without reason, the way the teacher reminds them is by singing; 2). Children are born in good condition, so that learning is requested to be processed by being carried out, carried out, and evaluated and then poured into RPPH.
Integración de elementos de juego en ruta de apropiación de nuevas tecnologías para cualificar la práctica docente
Authors: Gil-Moreno Wilmer Alberto , Bernal-García David Herney
Published: December 2020

En el proyecto de investigación denominado RutaTIC, se creó una ruta de apropiación de nuevas tecnologías para cualificar la práctica docente en educación superior para la modalidad virtual. En el proyecto se dictan tres diplomados, dos en 2019 y uno que se encuentra activo actualmente. Cada diplomado está enfocado en una de las áreas del conocimiento: ingeniería, salud y educación. Con el fin de dinamizar los contenidos de la ruta y motivar la realización de las actividades, se integraron de manera consciente varios elementos de juego. Para profundizar en este campo, se aclaran conceptos importantes, tales como «elementos de juego», «juego serio» y «gamificación» o «ludificación»; luego, se presentan los niveles de integración de elementos de juego que fueron aplicados a la ruta y las razones para incluirlos, así como algunos resultados obtenidos. Por último, se entregan algunas conclusiones con respecto a la experiencia, sugiriendo conocer y emplear las actividades que componen la ruta para dinamizar otros proyectos donde se busque afianzar la participación de los estudiantes, lograr un mayor compromiso e independencia en su formación, y disminuir los índices de deserción. Además, resulta importante resaltar que los recursos del proyecto han sido dispuestos de manera libre para el público en general y se encuentran tanto empaquetados para uso integral como segmentados para su uso en los espacios donde así se requiera.
Differential metabolism-associated gene expression of duck pancreatic cells in response to two subtypes of duck hepatitis A virus type 1
Authors: SHI Shaohua , CHEN Zhen , HUANG Yu , HUANG Cuiqin , LIU Rongchang , CHENG Longfei , FU Guanghua , CHEN Hongmei , WAN Chunhe , FU Qiuling
Published: December 2020

Background: Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) causes a highly contagious disease in domestic ducklings, which is traditionally characterized by lesions in the liver and rarely in the pancreas. However, several outbreaks of DHAV-1, which were characterized by yellow coloration and hemorrhage in pancreatic tissues, have occurred in China. The causative agent was named as pancreatitis-type DHAV-1. Genomic sequencing indicated variation rates of 3.4-6.5% in the genome of the pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 compared with those of the classical type DHAV-1. The antigenic relationship between the pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 and classical type DHAV-1 indicated large variation. However, the mechanism involved in infection of the pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 is still unclear. Results: In the present study, transcriptome analysis of duck pancreas infected with classical type DHAV-1 and pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 was carried out. Following deep sequencing with Illumina-Solexa, a total of 53.9 Gb clean data were obtained from the cDNA library of the pancreas and a total of 29,597 unigenes with an average length of 993.43 bp were generated following de novo sequence assembly. The expression levels of D-3-phosphoglyceratedehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase, phosphoserine phosphatase, which are involved in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism pathway, were significantly downregulated in the pancreatitis-type DHAV-1-infected group compared with those of the classical type DHAV-1-infected group.Conclusion: These findings provide information regarding differential expression levels of metabolism-associated genes between pancreatitis-type DHAV-1 and classical type DHAV-1, indicating that intensive metabolism disorders may contribute to different subtypes of DHAV-1-infection.
Selective CO-to-acetate electroproduction via intermediate adsorption tuning on ordered Cu-Pd sites
Authors: Ji Yali , Chen Zheng , Yang Chao , Wang Yuhang , Xu Jie , Guan Anxiang , Chen Jiatang , Sham Tsun-Kong , Luo Jun , Xu Xin , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: December 2020

Electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) has recently been emerging as a potential alternative for converting carbon emission into high-value multi-carbon products such as acetate. Nonetheless, the activity and selectivity for producing acetate have remained low. Herein, we developed an atomically ordered copper-palladium intermetallic compound (CuPd-IC) structure that achieved a high Faradaic efficiency of 70 ± 5% for CO-to-acetate production with a partial current density of 425 mA·cm− 2. This corresponded to an acetate production rate of 4.0 mmol·h− 1·cm− 2, and 5.3 times of enhancement in acetate production compared to pure Cu. Structural characterizations and density functional theory calculations suggested that CuPd-IC presents a high density of Cu-Pd pairs that act as the active sites to enrich the surface CO coverage, stabilize the surface ethenone as a key acetate-path intermediate, and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction, thus promoting acetate formation. Using a membrane electrode assembly device, the CuPd-IC catalyst enabled 100 hours of CO-to-acetate operation at 500 mA·cm− 2 and an average acetate Faradaic efficiency of 43%, producing ~ 2 mol acetate.
An experiment to test the discreteness of time
Authors: Martin-Dussaud Pierre , Biagio Andrea Di , Christodoulou Marios
Published: December 2020

Time at the Planck scale (∼10−44s) is an unexplored physical regime. It is widely believed that probing Planck time will remain for long an impossible task. Yet, we propose an experiment to test the discreteness of time at the Planck scale and show that it is not far removed from current technological capabilities.
DABC-Net for robust pneumonia segmentation and prediction of COVID-19 progression on chest CT scans
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yong , Yu Ziqi , Han Xiaoyang , Zhao Botao , Zhuo Yaoyao , Ren Yan , Xue Xiangyang , Lamm Lorenz , Feng Jianfeng , Marr Carsten , Shan Feng , Peng Tingying
Published: December 2020

Currently, reliable, robust and ready-to-use CT-based tools for prediction of COVID-19 progression are still lacking. To address this problem, we present DABC-Net, a novel deep learning (DL) tool that combines a 2D U-net for intra-slice spatial information processing, and a recurrent LSTM network to leverage inter-slice context, for automatic volumetric segmentation of lung and pneumonia lesions. We evaluate DABC-Net on more than 10,000 radiologists-labeled CT slices from four different cohorts. Compared to state-of-the-art segmentation tools, DABC-Net is much faster, more robust, and able to estimate segmentation uncertainty. Based only on the first two CT scans within 3 days after admission from 656 longitudinal CT scans, the AUC of our DBAC-Net for disease progression prediction reaches 93%. We release our tool as a GUI for patient-specific prediction of pneumonia progression, to provide clinicians with additional assistance to triage patients at early days after the diagnosis and to optimize the assignment of limited medical resources, which is of particular importance in current critical COVID-19 pandemic.
Intraoperative mapping of pre-central motor cortex and subcortex: a proposal for supplemental cortical and novel subcortical maps to Penfield’s motor homunculus
Authors: Ghimire Prajwal , Lavrador Jose , Mirza Asfand , Pereira Noemia , Keeble Hannah , Borri Marco , Furlanetti Luciano , Brogna Christian , Jarosz Jozef , Gullan Richard , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranj , Ashkan Keyoumars
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Penfield’s motor homunculus describes a caricaturised yet useful representation of the map of various body parts on the pre-central cortex. We propose a supplemental map of the clinically represented areas of human body in pre-central cortex and a novel subcortical corticospinal tract map that are accurate and essential for safe surgery in patients with eloquent brain lesions. Materials and methods: A single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent craniotomy for motor eloquent lesions with intraoperative motor neuromonitoring (cortical and subcortical) between 2015 and 2020 was performed. All positive cortical and subcortical stimulation points were taken into account and cartographic maps were produced to demonstrate cortical and subcortical areas of motor representation and their configuration. A literature review in PubMed was performed. Results: 180 patients (58.4% male, 41.6% female) were included in the study with 81.6% asleep and 18.4% awake craniotomies for motor eloquent lesions (gliomas 80.7%, metastases 13.8%) with intraoperative cortical and subcortical motor mapping. Based on the data, we propose a supplemental clinical cortical and a novel subcortical motor map to the original Penfield’s motor homunculus, including demonstration of localisation of intercostal muscles both in the cortex and subcortex which has not been previously described. Conclusion: The supplementary clinical cortical and novel subcortical motor maps of the homunculus presented here have been derived from a large cohort of patients undergoing direct cortical and subcortical brain mapping. The information will have direct relevance for improving the safety and outcome of patients undergoing resection of motor eloquent brain lesions.
Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships and Genome Evolution of Subfamily Commelinoideae (Commelinaceae Mirb.) Inferred from Complete Chloroplast Genomes
Authors: Jung Joonhyung , Kim Changkyun , Kim Joo-Hwan
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCommelinaceae (Commelinales) comprise 41 genera and widely distributed in both the Old and New Worlds except Europe. The relationships among genera in this family have been suggested in several morphological and molecular studies. However, it is difficult to explain their relationships due to high morphological variations and low support values. Nowadays, many researchers are commonly using complete chloroplast genome data for inferring evolution of land plants. In this study, we completed 15 new chloroplast genome sequences of subfamily Commelinoideae using Mi-seq platform. We utilized genome data for the first time to reveal the structural variations and reconstruct the problematic positions of genera.Results All examined species of Commelinoideae have three pseudogenes (accD, rpoA, and ycf15) and former two genes might be a synapomorphy within the Commelinales. Only four species in tribe Commelineae appear IR expansion which affected duplication of rpl22 gene. We identified inversions which range from approximately 3 to 15 kb from four taxa (Murdannia, Streptolirion, Amischotolype, and Belosynapsis). The phylogenetic analyse using 77 chloroplast protein coding genes with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and the Bayesian inference suggest that Palisota connected with tribe Commelineae with high support values, differ from recent classification of Commelinaceae. Also, we resolved unclear position of Streptoliriinae and monophyly of Dichorisandrinae.Conclusions In this study, we provide detailed information of the 15 plastid genomes of Commelinaceae taxa. We identified characteristic pseudogenes and nucleotide diversity, which can be used for inferring evolutionary history about this family. Also, we need a further research to revise position of Palisota in recent classification.
Glucose-level dependent brain hypometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authors: Képes Zita , Aranyi Csaba , Forgács Attila , Nagy Ferenc , Kukuts Kornél , Hascsi Zsolt , Esze Regina , Somodi Sándor , Káplár Miklós , Varga József , Emri Miklós , Garai Ildikó
Published: December 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome and its individual components lead to wide-ranging consequences, many of which affect the central nervous system. In this study, we compared the [18F]FDG regional brain metabolic pattern of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-DM obese individuals.Methods: In our prospective study 51 patients with controlled T2DM (ages 50.6 ± 8.0 years) and 45 non-DM obese participants (ages 52.0 ± 9.6 years) were enrolled. Glucose levels measured before PET/CT examination (pre-PET glucose) as well as laboratory parameters assessing glucose and lipid status were determined. NeuroQ application (NeuroQTM 3.6, Syntermed, Philips) was used to evaluate regional brain metabolic differences. [18F]FDG PET/CT (AnyScan PC, Mediso) scans, estimating brain metabolism were transformed to MNI152 brain map after T1 registration and used for SPM-based group comparison of brain metabolism corrected for pre-PET glucose, and correlation analysis with laboratory parameters. Results: NeuroQ analysis did not reveal significant regional metabolic defects in either group. Voxel-based group comparison revealed significantly (pFWE<0.05) decreased metabolism in the region of the precuneus and in the right superior frontal gyrus (rSFG) in the diabetic group as compared to the obese patients. Data analysis corrected for pre-PET glucose level showed a hypometabolic difference only in the rSFG in T2DM. Voxel-based correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation of the metabolism in the following brain regions with pre-PET glucose in diabetes: precuneus, left posterior orbital gyrus, right calcarine cortex and right orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus; while in the obese group only the right rolandic (pericentral) operculum proved to be sensitive to pre-PET glucose level.Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study to perform pre-PET glucose level corrected comparative analysis of brain metabolism in T2DM and obesity. We also examined the pre-PET glucose level dependency of regional cerebral metabolism in the two groups separately. Large-scale future studies are warranted to perform further correlation analysis with the aim of determining the effects of metabolic disturbances on brain metabolism.
Analysis of nutritional inequalities in children under five in Togo
Authors: Tossou Yaovi
Published: December 2020

Background: Malnutrition is a widespread public health problem in Togo. The aim of this article is to identify the risk factors for malnutrition in children under five and the variations between socio-economic factors. Methods: We conducted a simultaneous quantile regression analysis to identify the risk factors of malnutrition in Togo. In addition, concentration curves were constructed to explore the nature of variability in malnutrition. We identified risk factors at the child level such as child gender, age, health insurance, wealth index that explain the risk of stunting and underweight. Results: The decomposition results show that the mother's education contributes about 0.07% of the variability for stunting and underweight for secondary or higher education. Simultaneous quantile regression results show that children of mothers with primary education have a lower risk of stunting (q.0.2 coef 0.2, p-value 0.041) while health insurance is associated with a lower risk of severe stunting in children under five years of age (q0.5, coef = 0.348, p-value .032). Finally, health insurance contributed about 0.17% and living in an urban area contributed 0.12% to the variability in stunting and underweight respectively. Conclusion: Critical risk factors for malnutrition can help in formulating policies for children's nutritional health. The results suggest that there is a need to encourage critical policies aimed at improving female literacy and universal health coverage to reduce child malnutrition.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Evolution of BBX Gene Family in Cotton
Authors: Gao Jun-Shan , Wang Pei-pei , Sun Na , Jessica-Maguy  , NKODIA MIENANDI , Wu Yong , Guo Ning , Li Da-Hui
Published: December 2020

Background: The B-BOX (BBX) proteins have important functions in the regulation of photomorphogenesis. The BBX gene family has been identified in several plants, such as rice, Arabidopsis and tomato. However, there still lack a genome-wide survey of BBX genes in cotton. Results: In our present study, 63 GhBBX genes were identified in cotton. The analyses of phylogenetic evolution and gene structure showed that the GhBBX genes were divided into five subfamilies, and contained B-box conserved domains. qRT-PCR analysis releaved that both GhBBX27 and GhBBX33 had potential roles in proanthocyanidin synthesis of brown cotton fibers.Conclusions: This study provides a genome-wide survey of the BBX gene family in cotton and highlights its role in proanthocyanidin synthesis. This result will help us to further understand the complexity of the BBX gene family and the functional characteristics of its members.
Puncture and Dose Accuracies of Navigation-Assisted 3D-Printing Templates Combined with Computed Tomography Guided Radioactive Iodine-125 Seed Implantation in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Ji Zhe , Jiang Yuliang , Sun Haitao , Guo Fuxin , Fan Jinghong , Wang Junjie
Published: December 2020

Objective: To preliminarily verify the accuracy of navigation-assisted seed implantation by comparing preoperative and actual differences in puncture characteristics and dosimetry in computed tomography-guided, navigation-assisted radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation using 3D-printed templates for the treatment of malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 27 tumor patients who were treated with seed implantation under combination guidance in our hospital between December 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. Navigation needles (n=1–3) were placed in each patient to obtain preoperative and intraoperative puncture information, including angle, depth, insertion point, and tip position; we also investigated the dosimetry parameters in the preoperative and postoperative plans, including D90, V100, V150, V200, minimum peripheral dose (MPD), conformal index, external index, and homogeneity index of the target area. The t-tests and nonparametric correlation tests were used for analysis (P<0.05 was considered significant). Results: The means errors of the angle, depth, insertion point, and tip position were 0.47 ± 0.521°, 0.35 ± 0.238 cm, 1.7 ± 0.99 mm, and 3.1 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences between the intraoperative and preoperative angles (P = 0.271), but there was a significant difference in depth (P = 0.002). Errors of the angle, depth, and insertion point were larger for the pelvic/retroperitoneal area than for the head and neck/chest wall (P < 0.05). With the exception of MPD, there was no significant difference in dosimetry indices between the postoperative and preoperative plans (P > 0.05). The MPD in the postoperative plan was higher than that in the preoperative plan (mean: 72.1 Gy and 63.8 Gy, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Seed implantation under combination guidance showed good accuracy, and the actual intraoperative puncture information and postoperative doses were in good agreement with those in the preoperative plan, thereby demonstrating promising prospects for further development.
Echocardiography-Based Screening for Coronary Heart Disease Using an Ensemble Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Zhu Huolan , Chen Yongkai , Yang Chenguang , Cheng Huimin , Li Yi , Zhong Wenxuan , Wang Fang
Published: December 2020

Background: Extensive clinical evidence suggests that a preventive screening of coronary heart disease (CHD) at an earlier stage can greatly reduce the mortality rate. We use 64 two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) features and seven clinical features to predict whether one has CHD. Methods: We develop a machine learning approach that integrates a number of popular classification methods together by model stacking, and generalize the traditional stacking method to a two-step stacking method to improve the diagnostic performance. Results: By borrowing strengths from multiple classification models though the proposed method, we improve the CHD classification accuracy from around 70% to 87.7% on the testing set. The sensitivity of the proposed method is 0.903 and the specificity is 0.843, with an AUC of 0.904, which is significantly higher than those of the individual classification models. Conclusions: Our work lays a foundation for the deployment of speckle tracking echocardiography-based screening tools for coronary heart disease.
Cerebral Hemodyanamics in Stable Preterm Infants Before and After Packed Cell Transfusion
Authors: Chetan Chinmay , Zaw Nyein , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Banait Nishant , Pareek Prince , Deshpande Sujata , Gupta Bhvya , Garegrat Reema , Verma Arjun
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND In a year around 3.5 million preterm deliveries occur in India alone. Some of these babies will require packed cell volume (PCV) transfusion. There is a paucity of robust data on effect of blood transfusions on the cerebral hemodynamic from India. This study was done to see the effect of PCV transfusion on blood flow velocities and resistive index (RI) of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in stable preterm infants. METHOD A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India. All stable preterm infants (<37 weeks) receiving PCV transfusion were enrolled. USG Doppler study of ACA was done before and after PCV transfusion. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and RI were measured pre and post PCV transfusion. RESULTS Thirty infants were included in the study, with median gestation age of 28.8 [interquartile range {IQR}, 27-30.55] weeks and median birth weight of 970 [interquartile range {IQR}, 869.5-1190] grams. There was a significant decrease in PSV pre and post PCV transfusion - 58.46 (±18.44) cm/sec and 46.34 (±13.93) cm/sec respectively (p value <0.001). Changes in RI and EDV were non-significant.CONCLUSION PCV transfusion significantly decreased PSV, reflecting improved cerebral oxygenation, and decreased cardiac output after correction of anaemia. Laboratory threshold for PCV transfusion in stable preterm infants are not known. USG Doppler study has the potential to provide one of the objective criteria for PCV transfusion in these infants though large scale randomized controlled trials are needed to prove its efficacy.
Correlation Between Choroidal Structure and Smoking in Eyes With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Inoue Tatsuya , Okawa Kazuyoshi , Asaoka Ryo , Azuma Keiko , Obata Ryo , Arasaki Rei , Ikeda Shouko , Ito Arisa , Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Yanagi Yasuo , Kadonosono Kazuaki
Published: December 2020

A smoking habit is associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Although CSC is caused by an abnormal circulation of the choroid, how smoking habit affects the choroid remains elusive. Therefore, to investigate the effect of smoking on the choroidal structure in patients with CSC, the current study analyzed two important choroidal morphological parameters in 75 consecutive CSC patients with/without a smoking habit; i.e., subfoveal choroidal thickness [SFCT] and the choroidal vascular index (CVI), the ratio of the luminal area to the total choroidal area. The results demonstrated that although other baseline parameters (age or refractive error expressed by the spherical equivalent [SE]) was not different between the smoking group and the non-smoking group, the SFCT was thicker in smoking group compared with non-smoking group (382.0 ± 68.2 μm vs. 339.3 ± 52.3 μm, p = 0.0038). No significant difference was observed in the CVI (p = 0.32). The optimal model for SFCT included the variables of age, SE and a history of smoking among the baseline parameters. Additionally, increased pack years was associated with increased SFCT. Taken together, cigarette smoking is associated with an increased SFCT in patients with CSC. Thicker choroid in smoking CSC patients may be an important modulator of the disease.
First-Passage Times to Quantify and Compare Structural Correlations and Heterogeneity in Complex Systems
Authors: Bassolas Aleix , Nicosia Vincenzo
Published: December 2020

Virtually all the emergent properties of complex systems are rooted in the non-homogeneous nature of the behaviours of their elements and of the interactions among them. However, heterogeneity and correlations appear simultaneously at multiple relevant scales, making it hard to devise a systematic approach to quantify them. We develop here a scalable and non-parametric framework to characterise the presence of heterogeneity and correlations in a complex system, based on normalised mean first passage times between pre-assigned classes of nodes. We showcase a variety of concrete applications, including the quantification of polarisation in the UK Brexit referendum and the roll-call votes in the US Congress, the identification of key players in disease spreading, and the comparison of spatial segregation of US cities. These results show that the diffusion structure of a system is indeed a defining aspect of the complexity of its structure and function.