bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection to smoking and e-cigarettes (Preprint)
Authors: Ramon-Torrell Josep M , Morchon Sergio , Aguero Fernando , Masuet-Aumatell Cristina
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide. Several factors have been studied in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One of the factors that has been related and in an uncertain way has been tobacco consumption. To our knowledge, no studies measuring the association between e-cigarettes and SARS-CoV-2 had been reported.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a cross-sectional survey, the current prevalence estimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among smokers and e-cigarette users.

METHODS

: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire-based survey between April 6,2020 to April 19, 2020. Participants were males and females enrolled via link from website. We also posted the link in Facebook, Twitter and anti-tobacco, smokers and e-cigarette users forums. For this analysis, only participants residing in Spain were included. To measure the association between infection and independent variables odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each category by conditional logistic regression and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted by age and gender.

RESULTS

A total of 3,517 participants were included in the study. Of all the participants, 170 reported a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (4.6 % 95% CI 3.9-5.1) of which 35 (0,99 %; 95% CI 0.6-1.06) ), reported a confirmed diagnosis and 135 (3.8 %; 95% CI 2.9-4.01) a clinical diagnosis. Rate of daily smokers of conventional tobacco among all participants was of 12.2 % (14.3 % of males and 9.8 of females). The number of smokers (4.7%) and users of electronic cigarettes (3.9%) among the group with infection was lower than the number of non-smokers (10.2%) (p <.01). A negative association was observed between tobacco consumption (0.52 95%CI 0.27-0.98) and the use of electronic cigarettes (0.45 95%CI 0.28-0.71) and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CONCLUSIONS

The results must be corroborated by analytical studies. In relation to the electronic cigarette, the basis would be similar to those of conventional cigarettes and based on the role of nicotine in the incidence and progression of SAR-CoV-2 infection.
A Sophomore Questionnaire Research on the Innovation Learning Demands of “Principle” Course
Authors: Qing Luo
Published: May 2020

The innovation learning demands of sophomore students taking “principle” course in China are explored through questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test and comparing study, are used to verify demand-side opinions about innovation education in the “principle” course. Around 94% sophomore student want the courses reformed by innovation education, to improve the innovation spirit and enhance the innovation ability, without significant gender difference. The majority sophomore students demand specific teaching resources of communist innovative model and in the form of gameplay teaching. And the “principle” innovative model education applied in curriculum, can enhance the supply-side structural reform of ideological and political courses. The Findings can be applied in the curriculum design, by furthering the combination of “principle” innovative model teaching resources with gameplay teaching form.
DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT AND FORMULATION OF FILM COATED TABLETS OF LORNOXICAM BY PHASE TRANSITION METHOD: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: ABDELMONEM REHAB AHMED , GALIL RANIA MOSTAFA ABD EL , EL-SETOUHY DOAA AHMED , EL-MILIGI MOHAMED FARID , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED AHMED
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aimed to enhance the oral solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble lornoxicam by anti-solvent precipitation, and the manufacture of oral tablets by the phase transition method. 

Methods: The solvent was mixture of polyethylene glycol 400 and absolute ethanol. Three stabilizers Inutec SP1, Pluronic F127, Sucrose ester S1670 at two concentrations and two matrix formers Mannitol, and Avicel PH102 were used to obtain 12 formulae. The formulae were characterized regarding their infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size (PS) measurement, drug content and dissolution. Further characterizations were done for the optimum formula by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Four tablet formulae were manufactured by phase transition method. The optimum tablets (T3) were evaluated through hardness, drug content, disintegration, dissolution, IR, and stability studies. Finally, (T3) was compared to conventional tablets in New Zealand rabbits using crossover design.

Results: The dissolution rate for the prepared formulae was enhanced, from 3.44 to 5.96 folds. Statistical significance was obtained using one and two way ANOVA among formulae. The optimum tablet formula (T3) had hardness 5.637±1.57 kg, drug content 90.424±1.19%, disintegration time 341.5±9.62 s and the drug dissolved 72.107±0.0025%. Stability, after one month storage of the selected tablets at (25 °c/60% relative humidity), was satisfactory. The absorption extent of lornoxicam from (T3) compared to the conventional tablets was higher.

Conclusion: Taken together, the obtained results confirmed successfully the potential of the promising formula (T3), over the conventional tablets of lornoxicam.
The applicability of bio-carrier BioChip in Sequencing Batch Reactors
Authors: Tran Ha Quan  , Gogina Elena S.
Published: May 2020

Introduction. All over the world, the microbial biofilm has been regularly applied to modify urban and industrial wastewater treatment facilities that have aeration tanks. Unlike the activated sludge technology, the biofilm contains a substantial number of bacteria because microorganisms get attached to the surface of the material and grow there. The co-authors share their opinion about the BioChip, applied inside SBR, a sequencing batch reactor. This technology contemplates the use of free-floating activated sludge when all water treatment phases are concentrated inside one tank.

Materials and methods. To assess the usability of the BioChip inside the SBR reactor, experiments were conducted in an attempt to remove two types of contaminants: organic substances inside the standard model of an SBR reactor, and biogenic elements, in particular, ammonium nitrogen, in the course of developing an anoxic zone in a modified model of the SBR reactor. The per-unit speed of substrate recycling, nitrification and denitrification is determined as a result of the analysis of the quality of wastewater and treated water.

Results.The experiment conducted using the laboratory model of the SBR reactor has proven the water treatment efficiency within the range of 80–90 % in terms of organic substances and 75–85 % in terms of ammonium nitrogen. Inside the SBR reactor, that had a BioChip installed, the per-unit denitrification speed inside the reactor reached 0.3 to 0.4 N/kg of sludge/day, for the process of nitrification, the value of speed varies from 0.18 to 0.2 kg N/kg of sludge/day. Per-unit speed values and the nitrogen balance equation inside the SBR reactor suggest the SBR operating mode at the capacity of 1.5–2.5 kg of the biological oxygen demand–TKN/kg of sludge/day.

Conclusions. Low costs, smooth transportation and use in combination with the pre-set SBR reactor with a view to intensification of water treatment efficiency are the main strengths of the BioChip. The operation of the SBR reactor in combination with the BioChip and nitrification/denitrification phases requires highly skilled personnel.
Afyon Menekşe mermerinin (İscehisarAfyonkarahisar) Roma döneminden günümüze önemi, karakterizasyonu, tuz kristalleşmesi ve donma-çözülme testleriyle dayanıklılığının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇELİK Mustafa Yavuz , SERT Murat
Published: May 2020

Mermer, antik çağların en önemli yapı malzemelerinden birisidir. Özellikle Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde mermer kullanımı artmıştır. Roma döneminde önemli anıtsal yapılarda kaliteli mermere ihtiyaç duyulması nedeniyle birçok mermer ocağı açılmıştır. Bu ocaklardan birisi de Docimium (İscehisar-Afyonkarahisar) mermer ocağıdır. Bu ocaktan ince taneli beyaz (Afyon kaymak) ve morumsu-kırmızı renkli (Afyon Menekşe) mermerleri çıkarılmıştır. Bu mermerler, Efes limanından birçok Roma şehrine gönderilmiş ve Roma döneminde birçok anıtsal ve önemli yapıda kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, antik dönemlerden beri uluslararası öneme sahip olan Afyon Menekşe (Pavonazzetto) mermeri incelenmiştir. Çalışma üç aşamada ele alınmıştır. Birinci aşamada Afyon Menekşe mermerinin Roma dönemindeki önemi açıklanmış, ikinci aşamada karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla kimyasal, mineralojik-petrografik (polarize mikroskop, XRD, SEM), fiziksel ve mekanik testler/analizler yapılmıştır. Üçüncü aşamada ise Afyon Menekşe (Pavonazzetto) mermerinin, tuz kristalleşme ve donma-çözülme deneyleri yardımıyla dayanıklılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre mermerlerin, tuz kristalleşmesi ve donma-çözülme deneyleri sonrasında ultrasonik dalga hızı ilerlemesi sırasıyla %23,83 ve %13,3, tek eksenli basınç dayanımı değerleri %15,97 ve %20,11 oranında azalmıştır. Yaşlandırma deneyleri sonrasında meydana gelen ayrışmaların breşik yapıda yer alan flogopit ve muskovit gibi mika ve illit gibi kil minerallerinden kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir.
The Influence of Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review Method Toward Reading Comprehension Ability Mediated by Working Memory
Authors: Siregar Nani Restati , Ilham Muhammad , M. Mansyur
Published: May 2020

Reading comprehension plays a vital role in students' academic achievement. This empirical study aims to determine the influence of survey, question, read, recite, and review (SQ3R) method on reading comprehension ability. The impact of mediation on semantic and phonological working memory toward reading comprehension ability after being given the SQ3R method. The empirical study was Quasi-experimental with untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. The total participants are 57 students in elementary school. Thirty of the subjects were selected based on colored progressive matrices and reading comprehension measurement in equal. In this case, 15 students as treatment groups and 15 students as a control group. Backward digit span task was used to measure phonological working memory, sentence completion, responsibility for semantic working memory, and reading comprehension test for reading comprehension ability. Causal analysis technique by SPSS MACRO PROCESS was used to examine the hypothesis of the research. The results revealed that there was an influence SQ3R method toward reading comprehension ability. Semantic working memory and phonological working memory are mediate between SQ3R and reading comprehension, but the mediating effect of semantic working memory is more reliable than phonological working memory. This research indicated that the effectivity of the SQ3R method to improve reading comprehension was mediated by working memory capacity in Bajo’s children.
BALI CULTURE EXPLORATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF FRIENDLY SCIENCE TEACHING MATERIALS FOR HEARING AND SPEAKING IMPAIRMENT STUDENTS AT INCLUSION SCHOOL
Authors: Gede Parma Putu , Ira Pratiwi Desak Komang , Bayu Gede Wira
Published: May 2020

Bengkala Village is a village where 2% or around 48 people were born with hearing and speaking impairment. They still have an artistic spirit by forming a kolok janger group. To support the development of education, in 2007, the local government established SDN 2 Bengkala as an inclusive school. At present, this school does not yet have specific teaching material in learning science that is deaf-friendly. This study aimed to explore Balinese culture in development of friendly teaching materials in inclusive schools using development research methods. In this study, exploration was carried out by students using the ADDIE model. The instruments used to measure the quality of teaching materials were an assessment sheet of teaching materials from experts for the validity aspects, learning achievement tests, as well as teacher response questionnaires and student response questionnaires to assess teaching materials applied. Validity analysis was done with the formula of content validity ratio according to Lawshe and the effectiveness test analysis was done through quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study were some products in the form of teaching materials for Natural Sciences which are equipped with RPP/lesson plan and LKPD/worksheets with the development of insightful Balinese culture. This product have been validated by natural science experts, learning design experts, Balinese cultural experts, as well as evaluation and education experts. The results obtained with a CVR and CVI score was 1.00 which can be categorized as "valid" and worth testing. These products have been tested limited in fourth grade. Conclusions of this study were the product can improve learning outcomes of hearing and speaking impairment in inclusive schools.
La importancia de la calidad en la universidad pública. La percepción del estudiante en la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen
Authors: Martínez Luis David , Pérez Fernández Alberto , Pat Fernández Lucio Alberto , García Rodríguez José Félix
Published: May 2020

Las políticas públicas que liberalizaron la educación en México han intensificado la competencia entre instituciones educativas. En tal sentido, la educación superior debe ser reconocida como una industria de servicios, cuyo objetivo es satisfacer las necesidades del cliente, sobre todo en regiones con un fuerte dinamismo económico como el municipio de Carmen, Campeche. El objetivo del artículo fue determinar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes sobre la calidad del servicio de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen y los factores que determinan estas percepciones. Para determinar la calidad del servicio se aplicó un cuestionario basado en el modelo SERVQUAL. Para analizar los factores que afectan a las percepciones y expectativas de los alumnos se estimaron modelos de regresión múltiple por el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Los resultados muestran una dificultad de la institución por superar las expectativas de los estudiantes. En una ciudad con un fuerte dinamismo económico y con alto ingreso, el tiempo de permanencia de los alumnos y su nivel de ingreso determinan su percepción sobre la calidad de servicios que ofrece la universidad. Las percepciones de los estudiantes pueden mejorar a medida que el personal universitario brinde un mejor servicio. Se concluye que la universidad debe enfocar su política administrativa en satisfacer las necesidades del estudiante para disminuir la deserción y mejorar la eficiencia terminal.
POLÍTICAS LAICO-RELIGIOSAS: CASAMENTO, FAMÍLIA E DIVÓRCIO NA FABRICAÇÃO DO CÓDIGO CIVIL BRASILEIRO (BELÉM-PA, 1915)
Authors: Campos Ipojucan Dias
Published: May 2020

Os eixos interpretativos deste ensaio estão sustentados sobre a pilastra político-religiosa presente nas discussões à elaboração do primeiro Código Civil brasileiro aprovado em 1916. O seu foco foi o de compreender como os modelos de casamento, de família e de divórcio idealizados pela Igreja Católica se fizeram sentir na legislação pátria secular, mas também tais reflexões se dedicaram a apresentar uma interpretação alternativa acerca das ferramentas de controle, das táticas de persuasão, das estratégias fabricadas pela Igreja Católica para constar, na lei temporal, condutas e pensamentos religiosos seus no que respeitavam ao conjúgio, à linhagem e à separação conjugal.
CONFLICTO POLÍTICO, DISEÑOS ELECTORALES Y EL PROBLEMA DE LAS MINORÍAS EN LA ARGENTINA DE FINES DEL SIGLO XIX
Authors: Cucchi Laura , Hirsch Leonardo
Published: May 2020

Este artículo ensaya una mirada de largo plazo sobre el problema de la representación de las minorías y el conflicto político en Argentina entre 1870 y 1912. Tradicionalmente, la historiografía ha analizado esta cuestión poniendo el foco en la reforma de la legislación nacional en 1912, que por primera vez incluyó la representación de las minorías a través del sistema de lista incompleta. Sin embargo, en las décadas previas ya habían tenido lugar transformaciones en la normativa electoral de las provincias, y sobre todo de la más poderosa políticamente entre ellas- Buenos Aires- que es necesario tener en cuenta a la hora de explicar la historia de la representación política durante esa temprana etapa de vida constitucional. Con ese cambio de foco, es posible observar que tales reformas no se derivaron de presiones en post de una democratización del sistema político, sino de preocupaciones de las dirigencias vinculadas a cómo procesar de manera pacífica el conflicto político y la competencia por el poder.
DILEMAS DA PROPAGANDA SOCIALISTA EM MANAUS NO ALVORECER DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Pinheiro Luís Balkar Sá Peixoto
Published: May 2020

Com base na imprensa operária e em matérias veiculadas pela grande imprensa amazonense do período, o artigo aborda os dilemas da propaganda socialista desenvolvida em Manaus nos anos iniciais do século XX, no contexto da criação do Centro Operário em Manaus. Impulsionada pela expansão da economia de exportação da borracha a partir de 1880 se desenvolveu um rico trânsito de pessoas e ideias que muito contribuiu para a formação de uma identidade operária e para a criação de associações operárias na cidade. Neste processo, ganharam destaque duas lideranças socialistas – Alfredo Vasconcelos Lins e Manoel Madruga – que, oriundas do Nordeste brasileiro produziram através da imprensa amazonense, forte propaganda dos princípios socialistas e criaram o Centro Operário em Manaus, visando tanto a conscientização do operariado local, quanto sua organização em associações sindicais de mobilização e luta.
Omaishoitajien kokema kuormittuneisuus ja kaltoinkohtelu
Authors: Latomäki Mervi Maarit , Runsala Eila , Koivisto Anna-Maija , Kylmä Jari , Paavilainen Eija
Published: May 2020

Tutkimuksessa kuvataan omaishoitajien kuormittuneisuutta ja heidän kokemaansa kaltoinkohtelua hoidettavan taholta, sekä näiden tekijöiden välistä yhteyttä. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella viiden omaishoitoyhdistyksen niiltä jäseniltä, jotka olivat toimineet omaishoitajana vähintään 18 vuotta täyttäneelle hoidettavalle. Vastausprosentti oli 53,7 % (N = 316).

 

Omaishoitajat olivat melko kuormittuneita, ja eniten heillä esiintyi ajallista, fyysistä ja itsensä kehittämisen kuormittuneisuutta. Näitä vähemmän heillä oli sosiaalista ja emotionaalista kuormittuneisuutta. Myös omaishoitajiin kohdistunut kaltoinkohtelu hoidettavan taholta oli yleistä, ja erityisesti omaishoitajat kokivat henkistä väkivaltaa ja henkilökohtaisten oikeuksien loukkaamista. Lisäksi moneen kohdistui sosiaalista kaltoinkohtelua ja fyysistä väkivaltaa. Vähiten omaishoitajat kokivat seksuaalista väkivaltaa, hengellistä kaltoinkohtelua ja taloudellista hyväksikäyttöä. Omaishoitajien kuormittuneisuuteen olivat yleisimmin yhteydessä omaishoitajien terveydentila ja taloudellinen tilanne, hoidettavan muistisairaus, käytösoireet ja päivittäinen avuntarve, hoitamiseen kulunut aika, hoitamisen fyysinen ja henkinen raskaus sekä omaishoitajiin kohdistuneet vaatimukset perheeltä, ystäviltä ja muilta henkilöiltä.

 

Omaishoitajien kokemaan kaltoinkohteluun olivat yhteydessä varsinkin asuminen yhdessä hoidettavan kanssa, oman puolison tai elämänkumppanin hoitaminen, hoidettavan muistisairaus, masennus ja käytösoireet, omaishoitajien taloudellisen tilanteen heikentyminen ja omaishoitajiin kohdistuneet vaatimukset muiden taholta. Omaishoitajien kokemalla kaltoinkohtelulla oli yhteys heidän kuormittuneisuuteensa. Mitä enemmän he kokivat kaltoinkohtelua, sitä kuormittuneempia he olivat. Kaltoinkohtelu aiheutti omaishoitajille etenkin emotionaalista, mutta myös fyysistä, sosiaalista ja itsensä kehittämisen kuormittuneisuutta.
Sähkösavukkeiden markkinointi sosiaalisessa mediassa YouTuben ja Instagramin sisällönanalyysi
Authors: Mäkelä Siiri Alina
Published: May 2020

Sähkösavuketeollisuus hyödyntää markkinoinnissaan sosiaalista mediaa, mutta sen käyttämiä strategioita ei vielä täysin tunneta. Sosiaalisen median käyttö markkinoinnissa on sähkösavuketeollisuudelle yksi tapa kiertää mainonta-, markkinointi-, ja sponsorikieltoja. Nuoret ovat aktiivisia sosiaalisen median käyttäjiä ja erityisen alttiita tupakkatuotteiden markkinoinnille. Sähkösavukkeiden markkinoinnille altistuneet nuoret käyttävät sähkösavukkeita todennäköisemmin kuin nuoret, jotka eivät ole altistuneet markkinoinnille.

 

Tutkimus kuvaa ja arvioi sähkösavukkeisiin liittyvää sisältöä sosiaalisessa mediassa. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan sisältöä kahdella nuorten suosimalla sosiaalisen median alustalla; videopalvelu YouTubessa ja kuvapalvelu Instagramissa. Tutkimus käsittelee sitä, millaiset toimijat tuottavat sähkösavukkeisiin liittyvää sisältöä sosiaaliseen mediaan.  Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, millaista sähkösavukkeisiin liittyvä sisältö on YouTubessa ja Instagramissa ja millaisia kohderyhmiä sisällöllä pyritään tavoittamaan.

 

Tutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin laadullista teoriasidonnaista sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin 276 sähkösavukkeisiin liittyvää YouTube videota ja 50 Instagram-profiilia. Englanninkieliestä sähkösavukeaiheista sisältöä on YouTubessa runsaasti. Suurin osa sisällöstä on sähkösavukemyönteisiä opetus- ja tuotearvosteluvideoita, joiden kohderyhmänä ovat myös nuoret. Sisällöstä 16% määriteltiin kaupalliseksi. Suomenkielistä sähkösavukkeisiin liittyvää sisältöä on YouTubessa suhteellisen vähän. Sisällöstä suurin osa on sähkösavukemyönteistä. Instagramin sähkösavukeaiheisen sisällön määrä kasvaa päivittäin. Jokaisella englanninkielisellä asiatunnisteella löytyi Instagramista yli miljoona osumaa, mutta suomenkielisen sisällön määrä on vähäinen. Kaupalliset toimijat ovat vahvasti läsnä Instragramissa ja hyödyntävät vaikuttajamarkkinoinnissaan usein nuoria naisia, jotka jakavat kuvia tuotteista omissa profiileissaan. Instagram-markkinoinnissa sähkösavukkeet yhdistetään mielikuviin nautinnosta ja hauskanpidosta. Suomenkielistä Youtube- ja Instagram-sisältöä ei suoranaisaisesti voitu luokitella kaupalliseksi. Sisältö on pääosin kohdistettu tuotteiden ympärille muodostuneelle yhteisölle.

YouTuben englanninkielisen sisällön videohaut suoritettiin aikavälillä 20.6.2016-29.7.2016 ja suomenkielisen aikavälillä 1.8.2016-31.8.2016. Englanninkielisillä hakusanoilla tehdyt Instagram-haut suoritettiin aikavälillä 15.6.2016.-20.6.2016 ja suomenkielisillä ajanjaksolla 8.8.2016-12.8.2016.
Terveyskäyttäytymiserojen vaikutus koulutusryhmittäisiin elinajanodote-eroihin. Skenaariolaskelma PAF-ylimääräosuus -menetelmällä
Authors: Mäki Netta Erika
Published: May 2020

Sosioekonomisten ryhmien välillä on huomattavia eroja terveydessä, sairastavuudessa ja kuolleisuudessa. Erot terveyskäyttäytymisessä selittävät osan sosioekonomisista kuolleisuuseroista. Tässä tutkimuksessa arvioidaan skenaariolaskeman keinoin, minkä verran perus- ja keskiasteen koulutuksen saaneiden elinajanodote kasvaisi, jos heidän terveyskäyttäytymisensä olisi neljän keskeisen tekijän osalta samalla, paremmalla tasolla kuin korkeasti koulutettujen.

Aineiston muodostavat 30 vuotta täyttäneet helsinkiläiset. Skenaariolaskelmat perustuvat population attributable fraction -menetelmään, jonka laskemisessa tarvittavat terveyskäyttäytymistiedot saadaan kyselytutkimuksesta ja kuolleisuusriskit kotimaisista ja kansainvälisistä tutkimuksista.

Lähtötilanteessa pelkästään perusasteen koulutuksen suorittaneiden helsinkiläismiesten elinajanodote oli 7,8 vuotta ja -naisten 5,4 vuotta lyhempi kuin korkea-asteen tutkinnon suorittaneiden. Koulutusryhmien välillä oli huomattavat erot liikunta-aktiivisuudessa, lihavuudessa, tupakoinnissa ja alkoholin ongelmakäytössä. Nämä erot yhdessä selittivät noin 50 prosenttia perusasteen koulutuksen saaneiden korkea-asteen koulutuksen suorittaneita lyhemmästä elinajanodotteessa ja noin 30 prosenttia keskiasteen ja korkea-asteen välisestä erosta elinajanodotteessa. Yksittäisistä terveyskäyttäytymisindikaattoreista merkittävin oli tupakointi. Myös vähäinen liikunta-aktiivisuus ja humalahakuinen juominen olivat keskeisiä tekijöitä, mutta lihavuuden merkitys jäi vähäiseksi.

Rakenteellisten, materiaalisten ja psykososiaalisten selitysmallien ohella ja niihin liittyen terveyskäyttäytyminen selittää sosioekonomisia kuolleisuuseroja. Koulutusryhmien väliset erot kuolleisuudessa pienentyisivät huomattavasti, jos yhden väestöryhmän jo saavuttamat elintavat vallitsisivat muissakin ryhmissä ja vähemmän koulutettujen terveyskäyttäytyminen olisi samantapaista kuin korkeasti koulutettujen.
Työhön paluu ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen riski sairauspoissaolon jälkeen. Katsaus 2008-2019 julkaistuun suomalaistutkimukseen.
Authors: Reini Kaarina
Published: May 2020

Suomessa on tehty paljon sairauspoissaoloihin ja työkyvyttömyyteen liittyvää tutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tekemistä puoltaa sairauspäivärahakausien ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeiden suuri yhteiskunnallinen merkitys ja hyvät rekisteriaineistomme. Kansainvälisten tutkimusten tulosten suora soveltaminen ei aina tule kyseeseen johtuen maiden erilaisista lainsäädännöstä ja vakuutusjärjestelmästä, mikä korostaa kotimaisen tutkimuksen tärkeyttä päätöksenteon pohjaksi. Suomessa on toteutettu useita lainsäädännöllisiä sairauspäivärahakausia koskevia muutoksia, joilla tavoitellaan työhön paluun helpottamista ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle siirtymisen vähenemistä. Työkyvyttömyysetuisuuksiin liittyvä tutkimus on tarpeen, koska sosiaaliturvajärjestelmäämme kohdistuu muutospaineita. Tässä katsausartikkelissa käsitellään vuonna 2008 ja sen jälkeen julkaistuja suomalaisia sairauspoissaolotutkimuksia, jotka liittyvät työhön paluuseen ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen riskiin. Katsaukseen valittiin 29 julkaisua, joista useat pohjautuivat rekisteriaineistoihin. Työhön paluuta sairauspoissaolon jälkeen on selvitetty erityisesti tuki- ja liikuntaelinsairauksien ja mielenterveyden häiriöiden yhteydessä. Molempien diagnoosiryhmien osalta osasairauspäivärahan käyttö näyttää vaikuttavan myönteisesti työhön paluuseen. Työhön paluu ei kuitenkaan ole riippuvainen ainoastaan sairaudesta, yksilöstä tai terveyteen liittyvistä seikoista, sillä myös elin- ja työskentelyolosuhteet sekä kulttuuriset ja organisaatioon liittyvät tekijät ovat keskeisiä. Työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle voidaan päätyä hyvin erilaisen sairauspoissaolohistorian kautta. Työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen diagnoosilla ja ammattiryhmällä voidaan selittää osa kehityspolkujen eroista. Osasairauspäiväraha vähentää täyden työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen riskiä, mutta lisää osa-aikaisen työkyvyttömyyseläkkeen riskiä.  Hyödyllistä olisi jatkaa osasairauspäivärahan vaikutusten selvittämistä, sillä sen käyttö on yleistynyt hitaasti ja sukupuolten välillä on suuri ero etuisuuden käytössä. Lisäksi tarpeellista on tieto tehokkaista kuntoutustoimenpiteistä, jotka edesauttavat työhön palaamista. Huomiota tulisi myös suunnata työttömien työkyvyttömyyden pitkittymisen estämiseen, sillä työttömät ovat työterveyshuollon palvelujen ulkopuolella.
Kouluterveydenhoitajan palvelut: sosiodemografisten tekijöiden yhteys nuorten kokemuksiin
Authors: Välkkilä Laura Johanna , Joronen Katja , Koivisto Anna-Maija , Kanste Outi
Published: May 2020

Sosiodemografisten tekijöiden on todettu olevan yhteydessä nuorten palvelujen saatavuuteen ja kokemuksiin palveluista. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata sukupuolen, kouluasteen, sosioekomisen aseman, kuntaryhmityksen ja syntyperän yhteyttä nuorten kokemaan tyydyttymättömään palvelutarpeeseen kouluterveydenhoitajan palvelujen näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin valtakunnallisen Kouluterveyskyselyn aineistoa vuodelta 2017 (n=139 829). Aineistosta rajattiin pois ne nuoret, joilla ei ollut ollut tarvetta kouluterveydenhoitajan palveluille. Rajausten jälkeen aineistoksi muodostui 28 967 8.- ja 9.-luokkalaisen sekä lukioiden ja ammatillisten oppilaitosten 1. ja 2. vuoden opiskelijan vastaukset.

 

Nuorten palvelutarpeen tyydyttymistä tutkittiin palvelujen käyttöä sekä tuen ja avun saamista koskevilla kysymyksillä. Analyysia varten muodostettiin 4-luokkainen yhdistelmämuuttuja, jonka luokat olivat 1) päässyt palveluihin ja saanut tukea, 2) päässyt palveluihin mutta ei saanut tukea, 3) ei päässyt palveluihin mutta saanut tukea sekä 4) ei päässyt palveluihin eikä saanut tukea. Aineistoa analysoitiin ristiintaulukoinnilla, χ2-testillä ja multinomiaalisella regressioanalyysilla.

 

Yksitoista prosenttia nuorista oli kokenut tyydyttymätöntä palvelutarvetta kouluterveydenhoitajan palveluissa. Kaikilla tutkittavilla taustatekijöillä havaittiin tilastollisesti merkitsevä yhteys nuoren kokemaan tyydyttymättömään palvelutarpeeseen. Erityisesti nousi esiin perheen huonon taloudellisen tilanteen sekä nuoren ulkomaalaistaustaisuuden yhteys koettuun tyydyttymättömään palvelutarpeeseen. Suomalaiset nuoret eivät ole yhdenvertaisessa asemassa kouluterveydenhoitajan palvelujen saatavuudessa eikä tuen ja avun saamisessa.
Population Age Structure and Real Exchange Rate in OECD Countries: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Salim Ruhul , Bloch Harry
Published: May 2020

This article examines the impact of population age structure on the real exchange rate. Data on a panel of 22 OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) countries over 1980–2015 period are used to estimate the empirical model. Using fixed effect model the paper finds that different age cohorts have a significant influence on the real exchange rates in the sample countries. The results are mostly consistent with the theoretical framework discussed in the paper and also with the findings of previous studies in this area. These results have important policy implications given the fact that the population is ageing in almost all the OECD economies these days.
Apropiaciones y resistencias a la ESI en la Educación Física
Authors: Dueñas Díaz Sofía , Tevez Emilio José
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre las complejidades que asume la implementación de la Ley de Educación Sexual Integral (ESI) en contextos cotidianos, atendiendo puntualmente a una iniciativa estatal que dispuso la forma mixta en la clase de Educación Física del nivel secundario. Se abordan las apropiaciones producidas por docentes y estudiantes en torno dicha modalidad mixta, focalizando el análisis sobre las resistencias expresadas por un grupo de estudiantes ante la modificación del contexto educativo. Su abordaje permitió reconocer que la oposición a la iniciativa estatal se debía a que la misma tensionaba la trama con la que se significaban las actividades desarrolladas en aquel contexto cotidiano. Acordando con los planteamientos propuestos por la ley, se busca analizar lo resistido intentando comprender aquello que se opondría a la ESI en espacios educativos. El trabajo se realizó desde un enfoque etnográfico a través de técnicas/estrategias como la observación participante y entrevistas, así como el análisis sobre fuentes documentales. El lugar de trabajo de campo corresponde con una escuela secundaria católica en una localidad de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), delimitando la población de estudio a docentes y estudiantes de 4° a 6° año.
In silico analysis of CDC73 gene revealing 11 novel SNPs with possible association to Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor syndrome
Authors: Abdelmoneim Abdelrahman H. , Mohammed Alaa I. , Gadim Esraa O. , Mohammed Mayada Alhibir , Hamza Sara H. , Mirghani Sara A. , Mahmoud Thwayba A. , Hassan Mohamed A.
Published: May 2020

Hyperparathyroidism-Jaw Tumor (HPT-JT) is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expression, with an estimated prevalence of 6.7 per 1,000 population. Genetic testing for predisposing CDC73 (HRPT2) mutations has been an important clinical advance, aimed at early detection and/or treatment to prevent advanced disease. The aim of this study is to assess the most deleterious SNPs mutations on CDC73 gene and to predict their influence on the functional and structural levels using different bioinformatics tools. Method: Computational analysis using twelve different in-silico tools including SIFT, PROVEAN, PolyPhen-2, SNAP2, PhD-SNP, SNPs&GO, P-Mut, I-Mutant ,Project Hope, Chimera, COSMIC and dbSNP Short Genetic Variations were used to identify the impact of mutations in CDC73 gene that might be causing jaw tumor. Results: From (733) SNPs identified in the CDC73 gene we found that only Eleven SNPs (G49C, L63P, L64P, D90H, R222G, W231R, P360S, R441C, R441H, R504S and R504H) has deleterious effect on the function and structure of protein and expected to cause the syndrome. Conclusion: Eleven substantial genetic/molecular aberrations in CDC73 gene identified that could serve as diagnostic markers for hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT).
Micelle-based restricted access ion-pair microextraction of phosphate at trace levels in water samples for separation, preconcentration and determination
Authors: Soylak Mustafa , Gorucu Haldun Hilmi , Yilmaz Erkan
Published: May 2020

A new and simple micelles-rich restricted access supramolecular solvent-based liquid phase microextraction method (RASUPRASs-LPME) based on the ion-pair complex formation of phosphate (PO4
3-) ions with ammonium heptamolybdate and malachite green in acidic medium was developed. The phosphate ion concentration after microextraction of the ion-pair complex to the hexagonal aggregates of decanoic acid (DA) was measured with micro-volume UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 625 nm. All analytical parameters which are effective on the method such as acid type and concentration, supramolecular solvent volume, amount of the components forming the complex, sample volume, were optimized. The preconcentration factor (PF), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the developed method was found to be 15, 9.6 and 32.1, respectively. The RA-SUPRAs-LPME method was finally applied for the analysis of the phosphate content of different types of water samples.
Fatty acid profile in edible eggs of snails from the Cornu genus
Authors: Maćkowiak-Dryka Monika , Szkucik Krzysztof , Ziomek Monika , Klimek Kamila
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the content of fatty acids in eggs harvested from two edible subspecies of Polish-bred common garden snail from the Cornu genus, as well as this content in the retail-ready product obtained from these eggs.

Material and Methods

Material for the study consisted of eggs from two subspecies of edible snails: the small (Cornu aspersum aspersum), and large (Cornu aspersum maxima) common garden snails. The eggs studied were in two forms, the first of which had undergone initial processing to the half-product stage and the second of which was the final product available on the Polish market under the name “Snail Eggs”. The gas chromatography method was used to determine the content of fatty acids.

Results

More than 75% of the studied fats were saturated fatty acids, dominated by palmitic and stearic acids. The average content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 0.37%, and it was a combination of two acids: linoleic (C18:2n6c), and its trans isomer (C18:2n6t). No significant differences were found comparing individual fatty acids content between the two species’ eggs as half-products, or between the half-products and the final product.

Conclusion

The fat in raw and processed eggs of common garden snails holds low nutritional value, and the processing did not affect the content of fatty acids.
Cloning and identification of PK15 cells for enhanced replication of classical swine fever virus
Authors: Yin Mei , Hu Dongfang , Li Peng , Kong Lingyun , Ning Hongmei , Yue Feng , Jiang Jinqing , Wang Xuannian
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs, leading to economic losses around the world. Attenuated live vaccines with CSFV antigens have played an important role in the prevention and control of the disease. Porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cells have been widely used for the propagation of CSFV, but this cell line is not efficient or homogeneously susceptible to viral infection.

Material and Methods

To achieve a homogeneous PK15 cell line which enabled high titre replication of CSFV, we used the limiting dilution cell cloning method.

Results

We developed two cell clones, PK15-1A6 and PK15-3B1, which respectively have high- and low-permissive phenotypes to CSFV infection. The PK15-1A6, PK15-3B1, and PK15 parent cells showed different characteristics in cell proliferation rate, susceptibility to CSFV infection, and CSFV production. The mean virus titres per millilitre reflected by TCID50 values in PK15-1A6, PK15-3B1, and PK15 parent cells were 106.85, 103.63, and 104.74, respectively.

Conclusion

The PK15-1A6 cell clone is more permissive to CSFV infection than the PK15 parent cells. The screened high-permissive cells will be useful for CSFV propagation and vaccine development in vitro, and facilitate research on the pathogenicity of CSFV.
Motivation of civil engineers and architects in Turkey
Authors: Damci Atilla , Arditi David , Polat Gul , Turkoglu Harun
Published: May 2020

Motivation is one of the key factors that stimulate individuals to improve their productivity. Therefore, motivation of construction workers has been debated with considerable interest by participants in the construction industry. However, motivating only construction workers, but ignoring the motivation of construction professionals, viz., architects and civil engineers, may not be enough to successfully complete a construction project. Although motivation of construction professionals may also enhance the performance of a construction project, this topic is mostly ignored in the motivation literature. This study attempts to fill this gap by (1) identifying the motivators that are of importance to architects and civil engineers and (2) exploring the statistical difference between architects’ and civil engineers’ motivators. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was administered to Turkish architects and civil engineers to collect data on their perceptions of the importance of different motivators. The case of Turkey is investigated because several of the larger Turkish contractors undertake construction projects outside their home country. Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data to verify whether there are statistically significant differences in the perception of some motivators by architects and civil engineers. The study demonstrates the existence of a statistically significant difference between architects’ and civil engineers’ motivators. Identifying the architects’ and civil engineers’ motivators may help construction companies in motivating their architects and civil engineers more effectively, thus developing a quality workforce.
Assigning Energetic Archetypes to a Digital Cadastre and Estimating Building Heat Demand. An Example from Hamburg, Germany
Authors: Dochev Ivan , Seller Hannes , Peters Irene
Published: May 2020

In view of the relatively large energy consumption of national building stocks, many cities and municipalities start to prepare energetic building stock models to monitor energy efficiency and plan policies at city or regional scales. In many cases, data on individual buildings is not available. A usual approach to this is the “archetype” approach – classifying the building stock into energetic types (archetypes). This classification is usually based on non-energetic properties available in digital cadastres (construction type, year of construction etc.) and can be a large source of error. We present our research into the difficulties and pitfalls associated with such an approach using the city of Hamburg as an example. In the end, we compare the modelled estimates with consumption data at three different levels to evaluate model performance.
Berdarmawisata ke Ratubaka
Authors: Bernet Kempers A.J.
Published: May 2020

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Formasi Kota Kuna Bima dan Perubahannya Kajian Arkeologi Perkotaan
Authors: Surachman Heddy
Published: May 2020

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Upacara Sraddha Pada Masyarakat Tengger
Authors: Ratnawati MF Lien D.
Published: May 2020

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Fragmen Wadah Pelebur Logam (?) dari Situs Boyolangu, Kabupaten Tulungagung, Jawa Timur
Authors: Astiti Ni Komang Ayu
Published: May 2020

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Tembikar dari Situs Batu Berak (Kebun Tebu) dan Batu Tameng, Kecamatan Sumberjaya, Kabupaten Lampung Barat (Kajian Analisis Sifat Fisik)
Authors: Astiti Ni Komang Ayu
Published: May 2020

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Analisis Teknologi Temuan Gerabah Kuno Situs Labo Tua
Authors: S. Arfian , S. Intan M. Fadhlan
Published: May 2020

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Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam: Pendukung Aktivitas Budaya Megalitik di Situs Lolah, Kecamatan Tombariri, Kabupaten Minahasa, Propinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Abdillah Dariusman
Published: May 2020

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Jejak-Jejak Persia di Barus
Authors: Perret Daniel , Surachman Heddy
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Traces of Persian Culture at Barrus. From the middle of the first millenium C.E., or even before, Barus has been known as a trading mart for camphor and gold.Archaeological researches conducted in Barus from 1995 until 2005, as part of the cooperation program between The National Research and Development Centre of Archaeology, Indonesia and École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), highlight the ancient relation between Persia and the Indonesia archipelago.A number of artefacts coming for Persia, made of stone and glass, as well as pottery, were collected during the excavations of the Lobu Tua site (mid-9th c.-end of the 11th c). Although analyses of the finds collected during the excavations at the Bukit Hasang site ( 12th c- beg. of the 16th c.) arenot completed yet, it is clear that at that time Barus experienced a great decline in the use of objects made of permanent material coming from the Middle East. But two inscribed tombstones, dating to the end of the 14th c. and to beginning of the 15th c, using Persian language or grammar prove that relation with Persia were not completely severed.Abstrak. Barus terkenal dari Asia Barat sampai Cina sebagai tempat perdagangan kuno untuk kamper dan emas sejak paling tidak pertengahan milenium pertama Masehi. Penelitian arkeologi yang telah dijalankan dari tahun 1995 hingga tahun 2005 di Barus, dalam rangka kerjasama Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional dengan École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), menunjukkan hubungan yang berlangsung lama antara Persia dan Nusantara.Ekskavasi di situs Lobu Tua khususnya menghasilkan sejumlah artefak asal Persia dari batu dan kaca, serta sejumlah pecahan tembikar yang dipakai di Barus antara pertengahan abad ke-9 M dan akhir abad ke-I 1. Walaupun analisis mengenai hasil penggalian di situs Bukit Hasang (abad ke-12 hingga awal abad ke-16) belum selesai, sudah jelas bahwa pemakaian benda-benda permanen asal wilayah Timur Tengah pada umumnya menurun drastis di situs tersebut dibandingkan dengan Lobu Tua. Tetapi dua batu nisan dari akhir abad ke-14 dan awal abad ke-15, yang bertuliskan bahasa Persia atau menggunakan tata bahasa Persia, merupakan bukti bahwa hubungan dengan Persia tidak putus sama sekali.
Tradisi Pembiatan Kabit dari Kulit Kayu Pada Suku Mentawai, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Handini Retno
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT. The Tradition of Bark Cloth Kabit (Loin Cloth) Making at Mentawai west Sumatera. Apart from tattoos that decorated the whole body, the loincloth made from a tree bark known as kabit, is one of strong identities of the tribe of Mentawai in West Sumatra. This kabit was formerly used to be their daily cloth, but recently, only a shaman (sikerey) or hunting people wearing this bark cloth. It is made of a bark of a big tree, beaten by a beater called panasalat, then used simplify when it is prepared. The existence of this kabit as a kind of bark cloth among the people of Mentawai is a long tradition from their prehistoric ancestor that still survives up to the present day. This bark cloth was never discovered from the Neolithic sites, certainly because of decaying process, but the occasionally discovery of its beaters, made from the stone in Minanga Sipakko (South Sulawesi) and some sites in Kalimantan, proved their utilization during the period of Neolithic. For this reason, the making of loincloth, kabit, among the Mentawai people is a window to look at how the prehistoric man made their bark cloth some 4,000 years ago. ABSTRAK. Selain tato yang menghiasi seluruh tubuh, cawat yang dibuat dari kulit kayu, yang dikenal dengan nama lokal kabit, merupakan salah satu identitas Suku Mentawai di Sumatra Barat. Kabit ini dahulu merupakan pakaian sehari-hari mereka, akan tetapi saat ini, hanya saman (sikerey) atau orang yang sedang berburu yang memakainya. Cawat ini dibuat dari kulit kayu pohon besar, yang dipukul-pukul dengan pemukul kayu (panasalat), kemudian digunakan setelah selesai disiapkan. Di kalangan Suku Mentawai, kabit sebagai pakaian kulit kayu telah menjadi tradisi panjang mereka sejak masa prasejarah hingga saat ini. Pakaian kulit kayu tidak pernah ditemukan dari situs-situs neolitik, tentu saja karena telah lapuk, tetapi melalui penemuan-penemuan pemukul kulit kayu yang dibuat dari batu di Situs Minanga Sipakko (Sulawesi Selatan) dan beberapa situs di Kalimantan, merupakan bukti dari pemakaian pakaian kulit kayu ini pada periode neolitik. Oleh karenanya, pembuatan cawat (kabit) di kalangan Suku Mentawai merupakan sebuah jendela masa lalu untuk melihat ke belakang, bagaimana manusia prasejarah membuat pakaian kulit kayu mereka pada sekitar 4.000 tahun yang lalu.
The Origins of the Obsidian Artifacts from Gua Pawon, Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Chia Stephen , Yondri Lutfi , Simanjuntak Truman
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study to determine whether the obsidian artifacts found in Gua Pawon, Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung came from the well-known sources of Gunung Kendan in Nagreg, Kampung Rejeng in Garut or elsewhere. Obsidian artifacts for this study were obtained from earlier archaeological excavations at Gua Pawon and from chance finds at the sites of Dago and Bukit Karsamanik in Bandung. Samples of obsidian were also collected from the known obsidian sources in Gunung Kendan in Nagreg and Kampung Rejeng in Garut for comparative purposes.Analyses of these samples were done on a scanning electron microscope using the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer at the University of Science Malaysia, Penang and the electron microprobe at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Multi-element analysis was undertaken, and statistical procedures were performed on data obtained from the artifacts and the sources. The results of the study thus far suggested that the obsidian artifacts from Gua Pawon were made using obsidian obtained from both Gunung Kendan and Kampung Rejeng sources while those from Dago and Bukit Karsamanik have yet to be determined. More samples from all the known obsidian sources are needed to determine the variability within and between all the different sources. Temporally, the study also revealed that prehistoric humans at Gua Pawon exploited or used the same obsidian resources over several thousands of years. Abstrak. Tulisan ini membahas hasil studi tentang sumber bahan baku artefak obsidian yang ditemukan di Gua Pawon, Dago, dan Bukit Karsamanik, Bandung. Analisis dilakukan terhadap sejumlah artefak obsidian, temuan ekskavasi di Gua Pawon dan temuan permukaan di Situs Dago dan Bukit Karsamanik. Untuk perbandingan dilakukan juga analisis terhadap obsidian dari Gunung Kendan di Nagrek dan Kampung Rejeng di Garut, dua lokasi sumber obsidian di Jawa Barat.Analisis dilakukan dengan cara "scanning electron microscope", menggunakan "energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer" di Universitas Sains Malaysia, Penang dan "electron microprobe" di Universitas Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Analisis multielemen dan perhitungan statistic dilakukan terhadap data yang diperoleh dari artefak dan bahan. Hasil studi memperlihatkan artefak obsidian dari Gua Pawon menggunakan bahan dari Gunung Kendan dan Kampung Rejeng, sementara artefak Dago dan Bukit Karsamanik belum diketahui sumbernya. Analisis terhadap bahan dari sumber-sumber lain sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan variabilitas di dalam dan di antarasumber-sumber yang berbeda. Untuk sementara, hasil studi memperlihatkan manusia prasejarah Gua Pawon mengeksploitasi dan menggunakan sumber-sumber obsidian yang sama selama beberapa ribu tahun.