bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
25‐1: Invited Paper: Progress in Active Pixel Technology for LED Video Walls
Authors: Dykaar Douglas R. , Tarighat Roohollah Samadzadeh , Chen Feng , Hill Graham , Vieth John , Sivoththaman Siva
Published: June 2018

We report on a new design of a scalable active pixel for digitally driven video wall displays. The substrates use single‐crystal silicon spheres which are embedded in ceramic and planarized.
27‐2: Distinquished Paper: Active Polarizer Dimmable Lens System
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Sharif Qais , Hayden Brian , Auger Elijah , Bay Jon
Published: June 2018

Display units that utilize a dimmable smart lens may be utilized to reduce the required display luminance compared to a smoked neutral density lens to provide a hidden display appearance. A lens configuration that utilizes an active polarizer in conjunction with a linear polarizer is explored.
29‐4: PI‐less IPS/FFS Liquid Crystal Displays Utilizing Reactive LC with Cinnamate Moiety
Authors: He Rui , Wen Pushan , Lee Chang Suk , Kim Yulki , Kang Shin-Woong , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Myong-Hoon
Published: June 2018

Uniaxial alignment of LC molecules is achieved by irradiating polarized UV at clearing temperature to the mixture of LC and new reactive mesogen having cinnamate moiety without using any conventional alignment layer. The IPS/FFS cell fabricated by the proposed technology showed excellent electro‐optic characteristics and robust reliability, which could contribute to the low‐cost and green LCDs.
33‐1: Invited Paper: Exploring the Formation and Growth of Organic Semiconductors with mm‐Scale Grains
Authors: Rand Barry P. , Fusella Michael A. , Shayegan Komron , Dull Jordan T.
Published: June 2018

While record mobilities have been reported for organic semiconductors in their single crystal form, the bulk nature of such crystals prohibit their practical application in devices. Here, we discuss our efforts to realize pinhole free films of organic semiconductors with grains of up to 1 mm in extent. One such material is rubrene, but we will also show our efforts on other materials applicable to organic light emitting diodes, such as the electron transport layer 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole) (TPBi). For rubrene, we will show our efforts to understand crystal formation, epitaxy, and transistors. Homoepitaxial studies uncover evidence of point and line defect formation in these films, indicating that homoepitaxy is not at equilibrium or strain‐free. Point defects that are resolved as screw dislocations can be eliminated under closer‐to‐equilibrium conditions, whereas we are not able to eliminate the formation of line defects. We are, however, able to eliminate these line defects by growing on a bulk single crystal of rubrene, indicating that the line defects are a result strain built into the thin film template, indicating that, in general, organic crystalline thin films may not adopt the exact lattice of a bulk crystal. Transistors made out of these large‐grained films of rubrene display charge carrier mobility of up to 3.5 cm2 V−1s−1, very close to single crystal values, highlighting their potential for practical application.
The interface electrochemical and chemical mechanism of a low alloy steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution containing Ce3+‐based inhibitor
Authors: Yong Xingyue , Chen Zhenning , Pan Jinjie , Teng Yanna , Wang Ying , Feng Zhenxing
Published: May 2018

The interface electrochemical and chemical mechanism of the low alloy steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution containing the Ce3+‐based inhibitor was investigated by the electrochemical techniques in conjunction with the surface analysis technologies. It was shown that the Ce3+‐based inhibitor was an anodic inhibitor with more than 90.0% inhibitory efficiency. The net‐shaped inhibiting film with 200 to 500‐nm greyish balls was observed on the specimen surface. During the corrosion reaction occurred on the surface of the low alloy steel, the hydrolysis reaction of P3O105− and the disproportionation reaction of Ce3+ ions simultaneously occurred, too, resulting in the formation of the net‐shaped inhibiting film with nano‐scale greyish ball‐type products, which contained Ce element and had an obvious effect on the electrochemical process of the low alloy steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution containing the Ce3+‐based inhibitor. Therefore, the EIS spectra of the low alloy steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution containing the Ce3+‐based inhibitor were composed of a capacitive loop at a high‐frequency region and an inductive impedance loop at a low‐frequency region. The charge‐transfer resistance (Rt) increased with the immersion elapsed time, indicating that the inhibition efficiency of the Ce3+‐based inhibitor increased with immersion elapsed time. The calculated data based on the fitted electrochemical parameters showed the partial coverage of the inhibitor. This was further revealed by the analysis of electrochemical kinetics that the inductive impedance (L) loop at a low frequency region resulted from the localized absorption of the Ce3+‐based inhibitor on the surface of the low alloy steel in a 3.5% NaCl solution. It was also verified by micro‐morphologies.
Construction of halogen and hydrogen bond‐based multicomponent nanostructures at liquid‐solid interface
Authors: Xu Xuming , Li Wei , Xu Chengyong , Liu Ning
Published: May 2018

The cooperative effect of hydrogen and halogen bonds on the 2‐dimensional molecular arrangement of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. The scanning tunneling microscopy observations demonstrate that the self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded molecular chicken‐wire networks of trimesic acid have been significantly transformed after annealing and the introduction of tribromobenzene guest molecules. Bromine atoms and carboxyl groups were found to form 2 different multicomponent structures via hydrogen and halogen bonds. Owing to the effect of halogen and hydrogen bonds, tribromobenzene with trimesic acid formed the 3‐fold symmetry networks.
An effect of residual gas component on detected secondary ions during TOF‐SIMS depth profiling and a method to estimate contained component
Authors: Sameshima Junichiro , Yoshikawa Masanobu
Published: May 2018

With regard to Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) measurement of atmospheric gas elements, a problem occurs that the detected signal includes background components caused by residual gas along with contained components. Relating to this issue, an available method to quantify the contained components by separating the background ones had been established for Dynamic SIMS. Time‐of‐Flight SIMS with sputtering ion gun has also applied for depth profiling as well as Dynamic SIMS. However, few studies have attempted to investigate the secondary ion behavior of the atmospheric gas elements for depth profiling by Time‐of‐flight SIMS, especially for low concentration levels. In this study, experimental examinations of the secondary ions of the atmospheric gas elements, such as oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon in the silicon substrate, has been conducted in various analytical conditions of TOF‐SIMS depth profiling mode. Under the analytical conditions of our study, it has been proved that the background intensity of these elements was correlated to the sputtering rate. For the analysis of Floating Zone Silicon substrate, the oxygen intensity of the background component was proportional to the inverse number of the sputtering rate. Based on these facts, the total detected intensity of the atmospheric gas elements was able to be separated into the contained components and background ones by changing the sputtering rate during TOF‐SIMS measurement. An experimental result has shown that the contained oxygen concentration in the Czochralsk Silicon substrate estimated by the “TOF‐SIMS Raster Change Method” has successfully agreed with the result by the Dynamic SIMS.
The implementation of adaptive elements into an experimental high‐rise building
Authors: Weidner Stefanie , Kelleter Christian , Sternberg Paula , Haase Walter , Geiger Florian , Burghardt Timon , Honold Clemens , Wagner Julia , Böhm Michael , Bischoff Manfred , Sawodny Oliver , Binz Hansgeorg
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to our speaker, Prof. Werner Sobek, in honour of his 65th birthday

In 2017, the University of Stuttgart started a Collaborative Research Centre with the title Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow. The goal of this research project is to find an answer to today's most urgent social and ecological questions as the global population continuously increases and the available resources remain limited. As the central approach to the solution of this problem, adaptive elements will be included in the structure, the interior and the façade of an experimental 37 m tall building. This paper introduces the topic of adaptivity in building structures and provides an overview of the research topics applied in this globally unique adaptive high‐rise building. Due to the complexity of research topics of this Collaborative Research Centre, this paper only covers the research concerning the experimental high‐rise building.
In dialog
Authors: Barkow Frank , Leibinger Regine
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Werner Sobek on the occasion of his 65th birthday
High‐end roofs for central bus stations in the federal state of Baden‐Württemberg, Germany
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan
Published: May 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Dr. h.c. Werner Sobek on his 65th birthday.
Uniaxial and lateral strain behavior of ribbed reinforcement bars inspected with digital image correlation
Authors: Eiriksson Haukur J. , Bessason Bjarni , Unnthorsson Runar
Published: May 2018

Knowledge about the plastic behavior of reinforcement steel bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is important, especially for seismic design. This paper presents the results of experimental tests where the main aim was to map the plastic deformations of long ribbed reinforcement bars, both in the axial and lateral directions, in order to provide useful information about the behavior of reinforcement bars inside concrete. The study showed that the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is very suitable for this kind of tests. The uniaxial stress–strain curves for side‐by‐side and different gauge lengths (1d, 3d, 5d, 10d) were identical all the way to the max stress, but after that the segment including the neck dominated the strain development. The Poisson's ratio increased rapidly during the yielding phase to 0.44–0.49 and was constant all the way to rupture. The location of the neck could be predicted at the end of the yielding phase.
Spatial Variability and Macro‐Scale Drivers of Growth for Native and Introduced Flathead Catfish Populations
Authors: Massie Danielle L. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Bonvechio Timothy F. , Bunch Aaron J. , Lucchesi David O. , Wagner Tyler
Published: May 2018

Quantifying spatial variability in fish growth and identifying large‐scale drivers of growth are fundamental to many conservation and management decisions. Although fish growth studies often focus on a single population, it is becoming increasingly clear that large‐scale studies are likely needed for addressing transboundary management needs. This is particularly true for species with high recreational value and for those with negative ecological consequences when introduced outside of their native range, such as the Flathead CatfishPylodictis olivaris. This study quantified growth variability of the Flathead Catfish across a large portion of its contemporary range to determine whether growth differences existed between habitat types (i.e., reservoirs and rivers) and between native and introduced populations. Additionally, we investigated whether growth parameters varied as a function of latitude and time since introduction (for introduced populations). Length‐at‐age data from 26 populations across 11 states in theUSAwere modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical von Bertalanffy growth model. Population‐specific growth trajectories revealed large variation in Flathead Catfish growth and relatively high uncertainty in growth parameters for some populations. Relatively high uncertainty was also evident when comparing populations and when quantifying large‐scale patterns. Growth parameters (Brody growth coefficient [K] and theoretical maximum average length [L∞]) were not different (based on overlapping 90% credible intervals) between habitat types or between native and introduced populations. For populations within the introduced range of Flathead Catfish, latitude was negatively correlated withK. For native populations, we estimated an 85% probability thatL∞estimates were negatively correlated with latitude. Contrary to predictions, time since introduction was not correlated with growth parameters in introduced populations of Flathead Catfish. Results of this study suggest that Flathead Catfish growth patterns are likely shaped more strongly by finer‐scale processes (e.g., exploitation or prey abundances) as opposed to macro‐scale drivers.
An efficient edge sparse coding approach to ultra‐short‐term household electricity demand estimation
Authors: Sun Yi , Liu Yaoxian , Zhang Lu , Cao Yongfeng , Zhao Xiongwen
Published: May 2018

With the opening of electricity market, the interaction between grids and users is becoming more and more frequent. Household electricity demand estimation is a significant and indispensable process of the necessary precise demand response in the future. Large‐scale coverage of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure provides a large volume of user electricity data and brings opportunities for residential electricity consumption forecasting, but, on the other hand, it has brought tremendous pressure on the communication link and data computing center. This paper proposes an efficient edge sparse coding method based on the K‐singular value decomposition (K‐SVD) algorithm to extract hidden usage behavior patterns (UBPs) from load datasets and reduce the cost of communication, storage, and computation. The load of representative household appliances is introduced as the initial dictionary of the K‐SVD algorithm in order to make the UBPs more proximate to the residents' daily electricity consumption. Then, a linear support vector machine (SVM)‐based method with UBPs is used to predict the subsequent interval household electricity demand. The experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively follow the trend of the real load curve and realize accurate forecasting of the peak electricity demand. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evidence‐Based Discussions of Learning Facilitated through a Peer Review of Assessment
Authors: Stanny Claudia J. , Stone Erin W. , Mitchell‐Cook Amy
Published: May 2018

The Center for University Teaching, Learning, and Assessment facilitates an annual peer review of assessment to nurture a culture of assessment and develop faculty skill with assessment. Faculty representatives meet annually for a campus‐wide discussion of assessment and student learning. Faculty engage in peer instruction on effective assessment practices and reflect on strategies that might help students overcome challenges with specific learning outcomes.
Assessment of General Education: An Unexpected (but Effective) Faculty Development Opportunity
Authors: Hawthorne Joan , Zerr Ryan , Kelsch Anne V.
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes a collective faculty effort to administer, proctor, score, and interpret student work that created an unexpected opportunity for deep discussions of teaching, learning, and assessment.
Assessment in the Core: Centering Student Learning
Authors: Bruce Robert Todd
Published: May 2018

John Carroll University engaged in a general education redesign with focused attention on assessment of student learning. Widespread faculty involvement was key to a successful transition.
Putting Assessment into Action: Evolving from a Culture of Assessment to a Culture of Improvement
Authors: Stanny Claudia J.
Published: May 2018

As assessment work matures, campuses increasingly focus on how to develop structures and processes that facilitate the use of assessment findings and identify opportunities for improvement of curricula, teaching, and student learning.
Men and early prostate cancer
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: May 2018

Increasing use of the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test means that more early prostate cancers are being detected. This can be challenging in terms of knowing what course of action is best. In this article Roger Kirby describes the options available and how they might be utilised depending on the nature of the cancer.
Teaching as a Performance of Language
Authors: Healey Brett
Published: June 2018

Voices From the Classroom essays share readers’ reflections on teaching experiences, advice for new teachers, and perspectives on current issues.
Redesigning Writers’ Workshop to Enhance Engagement
Authors: Demma Meredith
Published: May 2018

Voices From the Classroom essays share readers’ reflections on teaching experiences, advice for new teachers, and perspectives on current issues.
Using Graphic Novels to Motivate Readers
Authors: Hargadon Erin E.
Published: May 2018

Voices From the Classroom essays share readers’ reflections on teaching experiences, advice for new teachers, and perspectives on current issues.
The evolution of posttranscriptional regulation
Authors: Schaefke Bernhard , Sun Wei , Li Yi‐Sheng , Fang Liang , Chen Wei
Published: May 2018

"DNA makes RNA makes protein." After transcription, mRNAs undergo a series of intertwining processes to be finally translated into functional proteins. The “posttranscriptional” regulation (PTR) provides cells an extended option to fine‐tune their proteomes. To meet the demands of complex organism development and the appropriate response to environmental stimuli, every step in these processes needs to be finely regulated. Moreover, changes in these regulatory processes are important driving forces underlying the evolution of phenotypic differences across different species. The major PTR mechanisms discussed in this review include the regulation of splicing, polyadenylation, decay, and translation. For alternative splicing and polyadenylation, we mainly discuss their evolutionary dynamics and the genetic changes underlying the regulatory differences in cis‐elements versus trans‐factors. For mRNA decay and translation, which, together with transcription, determine the cellular RNA or protein abundance, we focus our discussion on how their divergence coordinates with transcriptional changes to shape the evolution of gene expression. Then to highlight the importance of PTR in the evolution of higher complexity, we focus on their roles in two major phenomena during eukaryotic evolution: the evolution of multicellularity and the division of labor between different cell types and tissues; and the emergence of diverse, often highly specialized individual phenotypes, especially those concerning behavior in eusocial insects.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution

Translation > Translation Regulation

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Instrumental detection limit and sensitivity of K and L shell X‐ray emission lines of 17Cl, 37Rb, and 38Sr elements using PC‐WDXRF spectrometer
Authors: Kainth Harpreet Singh , Singh Tejbir , Shahi Jangvir Singh , Mehta Devinder , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: May 2018

This work was aimed to improve the instrumental detection limit and sensitivity of 17Cl, 37Rb, and 38Sr elements present in solid samples by using the advanced polychromatic wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry method. Instrumental measuring parameters, as well as study of calibration curves of K and L shell spectral lines, were evaluated to select the best conditions for 17Cl, 37Rb, and 38Sr quantification. From the results, it was observed that the detection limits of the Rb Kα and Sr Kα spectral lines were lower than those of the Kβ1,3 and Lα spectral lines. From the calibration curves, it was concluded that Kα spectral lines are more suitable than Kβ1,3 and Lα lines to identify the traces of 17Cl, 37Rb, and 38Sr elements in different types of solid samples.
Generalized Kähler structures on group manifolds and T-duality
Authors: Ang J. P. , Driezen Sibylle , Roček Martin , Sevrin Alexander
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We study generalized Kähler structures on N = (2, 2) supersymmetric WessZumino-Witten models; we use the well known case of SU(2) × U(1) as a toy model and develop tools that allow us to construct the superspace action and uncover the highly nontrivial structure of the hitherto unexplored case of SU(3); these tools should be useful for studying many other examples. We find that different generalized Kähler structures on N = (2, 2) supersymmetric Wess-Zumino-Witten models can be found by T-duality transformations along affine isometries.
Quantum field theory with no zero-point energy
Authors: Klauder John R.
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Traditional quantum field theory can lead to enormous zero-point energy, which markedly disagrees with experiment. Unfortunately, this situation is built into conventional canonical quantization procedures. For identical classical theories, an alternative quantization procedure, called affine field quantization, leads to the desirable feature of having a vanishing zero-point energy. This procedure has been applied to renormalizable and nonrenormalizable covariant scalar fields, fermion fields, as well as general relativity. Simpler models are offered as an introduction to affine field quantization.
Simulations of cold electroweak baryogenesis: dependence on the source of CP-violation
Authors: Mou Zong-Gang , Saffin Paul M. , Tranberg Anders
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We compute the baryon asymmetry created in a tachyonic electroweak symmetry breaking transition, focusing on the dependence on the source of effective CP-violation. Earlier simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis have almost exclusively considered a very specific CP-violating term explicitly biasing Chern-Simons number. We compare four different dimension six, scalar-gauge CP-violating terms, involving both the Higgs field and another dynamical scalar coupled to SU(2) or U(1) gauge fields. We find that for sensible values of parameters, all implementations can generate a baryon asymmetry consistent with observations, showing that baryogenesis is a generic outcome of a fast tachyonic electroweak transition.
Precision matching of circular Wilson loops and strings in AdS5 × S5
Authors: Medina-Rincon Daniel , Tseytlin Arkady A. , Zarembo Konstantin
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Previous attempts to match the exact

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

super Yang-Mills expression for the expectation value of the

$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS circular Wilson loop with the semiclassical AdS
5 × S
5 string theory prediction were not successful at the first subleading order. There was a missing prefactor ∼ λ
−3/4 which could be attributed to the unknown normalization of the string path integral measure. Here we resolve this problem by computing the ratio of the string partition functions corresponding to the circular Wilson loop and the special

$$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

supersymmetric latitude Wilson loop. The fact that the latter has a trivial expectation value in the gauge theory allows us to relate the prefactor to the contribution of the three zero modes of the “transverse” fluctuation operator in the 5-sphere directions.
Nuclear p⊥-broadening of an energetic parton pair
Authors: Cougoulic Florian , Peigné Stéphane
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We revisit the transverse momentum broadening of a fast parton pair crossing a nuclear medium, putting emphasis on the pair global color state, for any number of colors N and within the eikonal limit for parton propagation and the Gaussian approximation for the gluon field of the target. The pair transverse momentum probability distribution is derived in a kinetic equation approach, and is determined by an operator ℬ describing the possible transitions between the pair color states when crossing the medium. The exponential of ℬ encompasses the 4-point correlators of Wilson lines in the saturation formalism. We emphasize the relation of ℬ with the anomalous dimension matrices appearing in the study of soft gluon radiation associated to hard 2 → 2 partonic processes. In a well-chosen, orthonormal basis of the pair color states, we rederive ℬ for any type of parton pair, making maximal use of SU(N) invariants and using ‘birdtrack’ color pictorial notations, providing a quite economical derivation of all previously known 4-point correlators (or equivalently, anomalous dimension matrices for 2 → 2 parton scattering). We discuss some general features of the pair transverse momentum distribution. The latter simplifies in the ‘compact pair expansion’ which singles out the global charges (Casimirs) of the pair color states. This study should provide the necessary tools to address nuclear broadening of n-parton systems in phenomenology while highlighting the color structure of the process.
MTMO: an efficient network‐centric algorithm for subtree counting and enumeration
Authors: Li Guanghui , Luo Jiawei , Xiao Zheng , Liang Cheng
Published: May 2018

Background

The frequency of small subtrees in biological, social, and other types of networks could shed light into the structure, function, and evolution of such networks. However, counting all possible subtrees of a prescribed size can be computationally expensive because of their potentially large number even in small, sparse networks. Moreover, most of the existing algorithms for subtree counting belong to the subtree‐centric approaches, which search for a specific single subtree type at a time, potentially taking more time by searching again on the same network.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a network‐centric algorithm (MTMO) to efficiently count k‐size subtrees. Our algorithm is based on the enumeration of all connected sets of k –1 edges, incorporates a labeled rooted tree data structure in the enumeration process to reduce the number of isomorphism tests required, and uses an array‐based indexing scheme to simplify the subtree counting method.

Results

The experiments on three representative undirected complex networks show that our algorithm is roughly an order of magnitude faster than existing subtree‐centric approaches and base network‐centric algorithm which does not use rooted tree, allowing for counting larger subtrees in larger networks than previously possible. We also show major differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms. In addition, our algorithm is applied to find network motifs based on pattern growth approach.

Conclusions

A network‐centric algorithm which allows for a faster counting of non‐induced subtrees is proposed. This enables us to count larger motif in larger networks than previously.
Unraveling the surface chemistry processes in lithiated and boronized plasma material interfaces under extreme conditions
Authors: Krstic P.S. , Allain J.P. , Dominguez-Gutierrez F.J. , Bedoya F.
Published: May 2018

The review of recent theoretical and experimental research on the complex surface chemistry processes that evolve from low-Z material conditioning on plasma-facing materials under extreme fusion plasma conditions is presented. A combination of multi-scale computational physics and chemistry modeling with real-time diagnosis of the plasma-material interface in tokamak fusion plasma edge is complemented by ex-vessel in-situ single-effect experimental facilities to unravel the evolving characteristics of low-Z components under irradiation. Effects of the lithium and boron coatings at carbon surfaces to the retention of deuterium and chemical sputtering of the plasma-facing surfaces are discussed in detail. The critical role of oxygen in the surface chemistry during hydrogen-fuel irradiation is found to drive the kinetics and dynamics of these surfaces as they interact with fusion edge plasma that ultimately could have profound effects on fusion plasma confinement behavior. Computational studies also extend in spatio-temporal scales not accessible by empirical means and therefore open the opportunity for a strategic approach at irradiation surface science studies that combined these powerful computational tools with in-vessel and ex-vessel in-situ diagnostics.
Value-Creating Boards
Authors: Huse Morten
Published: May 2018

This Element shapes the discussion about corporate governance and boards of directors. The arena for boards and corporate governance is not static. In Boards, Governance and Value Creation (Cambridge, 2007) Morten Huse accumulated knowledge about boards with a focus on behavioural perspectives. The present contribution reflects on what has been happening during recent years. It contributes to the literature around sustainable value creation in business and society. This Element brings an update of the content of the 2007 book, and thus provides a resource for students - as well as for reflective practitioners.
A handling qualities analysis tool for rotorcraft conceptual designs
Authors: Lawrence B. , Theodore C. R. , Johnson W. , Berger T.
Published: May 2018

Over the past decade, NASA, under a succession of rotary-wing programs, has been moving towards coupling multiple discipline analyses to evaluate rotorcraft conceptual designs. Handling qualities is one of the component analyses to be included in such a future Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization framework for conceptual design of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. Similarly, the future vision for the capability of the Concept Design and Assessment Technology Area of the U.S Army Aviation Development Directorate also includes a handling qualities component. SIMPLI-FLYD is a tool jointly developed by NASA and the U.S. Army to perform modelling and analysis for the assessment of the handling qualities of rotorcraft conceptual designs. Illustrative scenarios of a tiltrotor in forward flight and a single-main rotor helicopter at hover are analysed using a combined process of SIMPLI-FLYD integrated with the conceptual design sizing tool NDARC. The effects of variations of input parameters such as horizontal tail and tail rotor geometry were evaluated in the form of margins to fixed- and rotary-wing handling qualities metrics and the computed vehicle empty weight. The handling qualities Design Margins are shown to vary across the flight envelope due to both changing flight dynamics and control characteristics and changing handling qualities specification requirements. The current SIMPLI-FLYD capability, lessons learned from its use and future developments are discussed.
From Jurisprudence to Mechanics: Jacobi, Reech, and Poincaré on Convention
Authors: de Paz María
Published: May 2018

Argument

This paper aims at understanding the concept of convention in mechanics as a notion transferred from the field of jurisprudence. This enables us to clarify it as a new epistemic category having a pertinent role in the transformation of mechanics in the nineteenth century. Such understanding permits a separation from linguistic and arbitrary conventions, thus highlighting its epistemic features and not transforming fundamental principles into mere arbitrary agreements. After addressing the main references in the literature discussing the role of convention in mechanics, we analyze its classical use as a concept originating from law. Then we explain its use by Carl G. Jacobi, Ferdinand F. Reech, and J. Henri Poincaré. Here we also show how their uses conform to the features analyzed regarding conventions in jurisprudence. Finally, we try to explain how the use of this concept, among other factors, contributed to the transformation of mechanics.
Imported leishmaniasis in Sweden 1993–2016
Authors: Söbirk S. K. , Inghammar M. , Collin M. , Davidsson L.
Published: May 2018

In Sweden, leishmaniasis is an imported disease and its epidemiology and incidence were not known until now. We conducted a retrospective, nationwide, epidemiological study from 1993 to 2016. Probable cases were patients with leishmaniasis diagnoses reported to the Swedish Patient registry, collecting data on admitted patients in Swedish healthcare since 1993 and out-patient visits since 2001. Confirmed cases were those with a laboratory test positive for leishmaniasis during 1993–2016. 299 probable cases and 182 confirmed cases were identified. Annual incidence ranged from 0.023 to 0.35 per 100 000 with a rapid increase in the last 4 years. Of 182 laboratory-verified cases, 96 were diagnosed from 2013 to 2016, and in this group, almost half of the patients were children under 18 years. Patients presented in different healthcare settings in all regions of Sweden. Cutaneous leishmaniasis was the most common clinical manifestation and the majority of infections were acquired in Asia including the Middle East, specifically Syria and Afghanistan. Leishmania tropica was responsible for the majority of cases (42%). A combination of laboratory methods increased the sensitivity of diagnosis among confirmed cases. In 2016, one-tenth of the Swedish population were born in Leishmania-endemic countries and many Swedes travel to these countries for work or vacation. Swedish residents who have spent time in Leishmania-endemic areas, could be at risk of developing disease some time during their lives. Increased awareness and knowledge are needed for correct diagnosis and management of leishmaniasis in Sweden.
On the universality of intonational phrases: a cross-linguistic interrater study
Authors: Himmelmann Nikolaus P. , Sandler Meytal , Strunk Jan , Unterladstetter Volker
Published: June 2018

This study is concerned with the identifiability of intonational phrase boundaries across familiar and unfamiliar languages. Four annotators segmented a corpus of more than three hours of spontaneous speech into intonational phrases. The corpus included narratives in their native German, but also in three languages of Indonesia unknown to them. The results show significant agreement across the whole corpus, as well as for each subcorpus. We discuss the interpretation of these results, including the hypothesis that it makes sense to distinguish between phonetic and phonological intonational phrases, and that the former are a universal characteristic of speech, allowing listeners to segment speech into intonational phrase-sized units even in unknown languages.
Changes in institutional design and extraction path
Authors: Kemal Mohammad , Lange Ian
Published: June 2018

The impact of oil governance on the extraction path of non-renewable resources is theoretically ambiguous. By employing field-level data in the South East Asia region, we utilize a change in the institutional design of oil governance in Indonesia to determine its impact on oil and gas extraction paths. From the empirical results, we infer that the move to create a separate regulatory agency and make the national oil company a purely business entity led to a reduction in the extraction path of oil, the size of which varies for different sizes of resource stock. This finding reiterates the importance of strengthening ownership rights for non-renewable resources to avoid over-extraction and facilitate more sustainable economic outcomes.
Comparison of Cliff–Lorimer-Based Methods of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis for Application to Silicon Oxycarbides Thin Films
Authors: Parisini Andrea , Frabboni Stefano , Gazzadi Gian Carlo , Rosa Rodolfo , Armigliato Aldo
Published: May 2018

In this work, we compare the results of different Cliff–Lorimer (Cliff & Lorimer 1975) based methods in the case of a quantitative energy dispersive spectrometry investigation of light elements in ternary C–O–Si thin films. To determine the Cliff–Lorimer (C–L) k-factors, we fabricated, by focused ion beam, a standard consisting of a wedge lamella with a truncated tip, composed of two parallel SiO2 and 4H-SiC stripes. In 4H-SiC, it was not possible to obtain reliable k-factors from standard extrapolation methods owing to the strong CK-photon absorption. To overcome this problem, an extrapolation method exploiting the shape of the truncated tip of the lamella is proposed herein. The k-factors thus determined, were then used in an application of the C–L quantification procedure to a defect found at the SiO2/4H-SiC interface in the channel region of a metal-oxide field-effect-transistor device. As in this procedure, the sample thickness is required, a method to determine this quantity from the averaged and normalized scanning transmission electron microscopy intensity is also detailed. Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical k-factors and to bridge the gap between the k-factor and the Watanabe and Williams ζ-factor methods (Watanabe & Williams, 2006).
The long and winding road: the journey taken by headache sufferers in search of help
Authors: Davies Paul T.G. , Lane Russell J.M. , Astbury Theresa , Fontebasso Manuela , Murphy Jill , Matharu Manjit
Published: May 2018

Aim

To outline the pathways a cohort of first attendees to our headache clinics had taken over the years in search of explanations and treatment for their headaches. To establish a greater awareness of the shortcomings and failures in their medical journey in the hope that better headache management will emerge in primary care.

Background

At first attendance in primary care most headache sufferers will not receive a firm diagnosis. Treatments provided are often ineffective and so many patients embark on a somewhat random self-made journey searching for a remedy. If they reach a Headache Clinic the most common diagnoses are ‘chronic migraine’ and ‘medication overuse headache’. They are either no better or worse than when their headaches first started despite their efforts.

Method

We undertook a prospective questionnaire-based study of over 200 patients on first attendance at each of our headache clinics, three based in District General Hospitals and one in a tertiary referral centre. We documented the patients’ headache characteristics, the ‘burden’ of their headaches, functional handicap and the financial costs incurred seeking help before referral. We also documented what our patients understood about their headache disorder and the treatments previously tried.

Findings

Most patients had not been given a formal diagnosis in primary care and many remained unconvinced of the benign nature of their headache problem and wanted further investigations. A few had sought help from headache charities. Many had unrealistic attitudes to their problem and medication overuse was rife. A few patients had been offered triptans in primary care. Key deficiencies in the primary care management of these patients included failure to provide a formal headache diagnosis, inadequate understanding of the nature and mechanism of headaches and failure to follow a resilient management strategy. We provide a more effective management pathway in primary care.
Pension policies in a model with endogenous fertility
Authors: CIPRIANI GIAM PIETRO , PASCUCCI FRANCESCO
Published: May 2018

We set up an overlapping-generations model with endogenous fertility to study pensions policies in an ageing economy. We show that an increasing life expectancy may not be detrimental for the economy or the pension system itself. On the other hand, conventional policy measures, such as increasing the retirement age or changing the social security contribution rate could have undesired general equilibrium effects. In particular, both policies decrease capital per worker and might have negative effects on the fertility rate, thus exacerbating population ageing.
Associations Between Suicide Risk Factors and Favorite Songs
Authors: Till Benedikt , Fraissler Michael , Voracek Martin , Tran Ulrich S. , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: For several decades, the question of whether personal suicidality is reflected in individual music preferences has been the subject of debate in suicide research. Despite many studies investigating the relationship between music use and suicidal behavior, it is still unclear whether suicide risk is reflected in individual music preferences. Aims: The present study aimed to assess whether music preferences are reflected in suicide risk factors. Method: We assessed suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness among 943 participants in a cross-sectional online survey. Participants provided up to five examples of their favorite music. We conducted a content analysis and coded all reported songs as suicide-related, coping-related, or unrelated to suicide. Results: Multivariate analyses controlling for gender, age, education level, and amount of daily music use indicated associations of preferences for suicide-related songs with suicidal ideation and depression. Limitations: Limitations of the present study include the use of a convenience sample and a cross-sectional design, the small number of participants with preferences for coping-related songs, and the relatively small effect size of the associations found. Conclusion: Music preferences appear to reflect suicide risk factors, with individuals who prefer suicide-related songs scoring higher in terms of suicidal ideation and depression.
Efficacy of ICT-Based Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Programs for	Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Geraldo Andreia , Dores Artemisa R. , Coelho Bárbara , Ramião Eduarda , Castro-Caldas Alexandre , Barbosa Fernando
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This systematic review aims to analyze the methods used in the assessment of the efficacy of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Programs (NRP) based on Information and Communication Technologies in patients with Acquired Brain Injury, namely platforms and online rehabilitation programs. Studies with the main purpose of evaluating the efficacy of those programs were retrieved from multiple literature databases, accordingly to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion and analysis of the studies followed preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) and Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Results showed that most studies used a pre-post methodological design, with few studies performing assessment moments during intervention or follow-up. Attention, memory, and executive functions were the cognitive variables considered by a larger number of studies at the assessment of NRP efficacy. Despite that, there is a growing evidence on the inclusion of variables related to everyday functioning in this process, increasing its ecological validity. Concerning the instruments used, the studies presented a large heterogeneity of the instruments and methods used, even for the same assessment purpose, highlighting a lack of consensus regarding assessment protocol. Psychophysiological and neuroimaging techniques are seldom used on this field. This review identifies the main characteristics of the methodology used at the assessment of NRP and potential limitations, providing useful information to guide the practice of the health care professionals in rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injury. It also suggests new directions for future studies.
Decision Inertia in Critical Incidents
Authors: Power Nicola , Alison Laurence
Published: May 2018

Abstract. When presented with competing options, critical incident decision makers often struggle to commit to a choice (in particular when all options appear to yield negative consequences). Despite being motivated to take action in disasters, terrorism, major investigations, and complex political interventions, decision makers can become inert, looping between phases of situation assessment, option generation, and option evaluation. This “looping” is functionally redundant when it persists until they have lost the opportunity to take action. We define this as “decision inertia”: the result of a process of (redundant) deliberation over possible options and in the absence of any further useful information. In the context of critical incidents (political, security, military, law enforcement) we have discovered that rather than disengaging and avoiding difficult choices, decision makers are acutely aware of the negative consequences that might arise if they failed to decide (i.e., the incident would escalate). The sensitization to possible future outcomes leads to intense deliberation over possible choices and their consequences and, ultimately, can result in a failure to take any action in time (or at all). We (i) discuss decision inertia as a novel psychological process of redundant deliberation during crises; (ii) define the concept and discuss the emerging studies in support of our tentative hypotheses regarding how the cognitively active process of deliberation can result in complete behavioral inactivity; and (iii) suggest recommendations and interventions for combatting inertia.
Role of Wave‐Induced Diffusion and Energy Flux in the Vertical Transport of Atmospheric Constituents in the Mesopause Region
Authors: Gardner Chester S.
Published: May 2018

Vertical constituent transport is characterized by solving the continuity equation for a minor species in the presence of waves, turbulence, molecular diffusion, and chemical sources and sinks. Random vertical displacement fluctuations induced by waves contribute to vertical mixing of the atmosphere similar to turbulence. The effective wave diffusivity is proportional to the sensible heat flux. Because waves induce pressure fluctuations, diffusivity can also be expressed in terms of the wave energy and enthalpy fluxes. Waves induce strong down gradient mixing in regions where dissipation is significant and weak up gradient mixing where dissipation is negligible. At midlatitudes wave diffusivity is maximum in the upper mesosphere near 88 km where the annual mean is ~130 m2/s. Waves also enhance molecular diffusion of reactive species in regions of slow chemical production and reduce eddy mixing in regions of fast chemical production. The enhancement/reduction factor is proportional to the perturbed lapse rate variance and varies between 15 and 45% at mesopause heights. Wave‐induced chemical transport is related to the chemical production/loss rates and temperature fluctuation variance. The vertical transport of atomic oxygen, meteoric Fe, and meteoric Na is assessed. Analytical predictions compare favorably with models of the chemical loss of O and the meteoric influxes of Fe and Na and with lidar measurements of the vertical fluxes of Fe and Na. Predicted seasonal variations of wave diffusivity at 97.5 km compare favorably with the total diffusivity inferred from satellite observations of neutral density and the O/N2 ratio in the thermosphere.
Microfluidic pumping using artificial magnetic cilia
Authors: Hanasoge Srinivas , Hesketh Peter J. , Alexeev Alexander
Published: May 2018

One of the vital functions of naturally occurring cilia is fluid transport. Biological cilia use spatially asymmetric strokes to generate a net fluid flow that can be utilized for feeding, swimming, and other functions. Biomimetic synthetic cilia with similar asymmetric beating can be useful for fluid manipulations in lab-on-chip devices. In this paper, we demonstrate the microfluidic pumping by magnetically actuated synthetic cilia arranged in multi-row arrays. We use a microchannel loop to visualize flow created by the ciliary array and to examine pumping for a range of cilia and microchannel parameters. We show that magnetic cilia can achieve flow rates of up to 11 μl/min with the pressure drop of ~1 Pa. Such magnetic ciliary array can be useful in microfluidic applications requiring rapid and controlled fluid transport.