bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special issue: Language ideologies and teaching in multilingual contexts
Authors: Young Sara , Brooks Emma
Published: June 2017

This monograph brings together articles on the theme of language ideology and how it may be seen to impact on language teaching. Against the current backdrop of increasing nationalism and polarising debates on migration, this volume explores how ideologies underpinning language planning, policy and implementation influence curriculum design, classroom practice and perception of identity. Key to all articles is the dominance of English, a language imbued with notions of prestige, and seemingly promoted as a linguistic globalised currency, essential for accessing future opportunities.Our invited author for this volume is the scholar Andrea Young, who examines the language ideologies which underpin teaching in a French educational context. in the interview, John O’Regan talks to Alexantra Georgiou about language ideology and the global dominance of English.
Book review: Foreign language education in Japan: exploring qualitative approaches, S. Horiguchi, Y. Imoto, and G.S. Poole (Eds.), Sense Publishers, 2015
Authors: Yoshida Takako
Published: June 2017

Book ReviewForeign Language Education in Japan: Exploring Qualitative Approaches, Sachiko Horiguchi, Yuki Imoto, and Gregory S. Poole (Eds.) (2015). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 191 pages, Paperback €45.20 ISBN: 978-94-6300-323-0 (paperback)
Business Model Innovation in Airlines
Authors: Pereira Bruno Alencar , Caetano Mauro
Published: June 2017

The business models innovation in airlines can contribute to the creation of value, competitive advantage and profitability with new possibilities of action. The proposed paper aimed to identify the business models adopted by airlines and identify how the innovation occurs at these organizations. The methodology adopted is characterized as empirical, exploratory and descriptive research by multiple case study with three major Brazilian airlines. The results demonstrate that the search for paradigm breaks, related to the dichotomic traditional models of low-cost and full-service, toward hybrid business models occur linearly, as examples highlighted by companies, in which internal changes in business models are considered major organizational innovations.
Comparison of methods for obtaining doubled haploids of carrot
Authors: Kiszczak Waldemar , Kowalska Urszula , Kapuścińska Agata , Burian Maria , Górecka Krystyna
Published: June 2017

Doubled haploid lines of carrot can be obtained through androgenesis in anther cultures and in isolated microspore cultures. The two methods were compared using three carrot cultivars (‘Kazan F1’, ‘Feria F1’, and ‘Narbonne F1’) at the androgenesis induction stage, during plant regeneration from embryos, and during acclimatization of androgenetic plants as well as their characterization. It was found that cultivar was the main factor affecting the efficiency at each stage of plant production in both anther and isolated microspore cultures. The efficiency of androgenesis in anther cultures of ‘Feria F1’ was considerably higher in comparison with isolated microspore cultures, and more plants were obtained from the embryos of androgenesis-cultured plants. In ‘Kazan F1’ and ‘Narbonne F1’, more acclimatized androgenetic plants were produced from anther cultures. Ploidy assessment of acclimatized plants of ‘Narbonne F1’ showed that the majority of the plants in the population derived from anther cultures had a doubled chromosome (DH) set. On the other hand, the majority of plants obtained from isolated microspore cultures were haploids. When assessing homozygosity, it was found among plants obtained in anther cultures that the percentage of homozygotes for phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) depended on the cultivar. In contrast, the majority of plants derived from isolated microspore cultures were homozygous regardless of cultivar.
The Influence of High Sugar Intake on Cognitive Functions and Body Composition of University Students
Authors: Hernández Joany Lizet , Čeněk Jiří , Čuta Martin
Published: June 2017

Volné cukry se podílejí na výživové hodnotě stravy a přispívají k vyváženému příjmu energie. Dle údajů WHO je doporučený příjem cukrů u dospělého člověka s normálním BMI 25 g/den. Euromonitor International ale uvádí, že množství cukrů konzumovaných v České republice dosahuje 71,6 g/den. Nadměrný příjem cukru může zvýšit výskyt civilizačních chorob a může mít vliv na kognitivní schopnosti. Cílem této studie bylo stanovit dopady vysokého příjmu cukru na hmotnost, tělesné složení (s využitím metody BIA – přístroj Bodystat 1500MDD) a schopnost učit se u vysokoškolských studentů (N=107) rozdělených do dvou skupin. Zatímco členové experimentální skupiny byli instruováni, aby dodržovali dietu bez cukru, u kontrolní skupiny žádná konkrétní dieta stanovena nebyla. Pomocí testu LGT-3 a bioimpendance pak byly měřeny různé proměnné. Měření probíhalo jak na začátku experimentu, tak po uplynutí jednoho měsíce (experiment dokončilo 33 účastníků). Mezi experimentální a kontrolní skupinou nebyly po ukončení experimentu zjištěny signifikantní rozdíly ani v tělesném složení, ani v kognitivních schopnostech. Nelze tedy říci, že by snížení příjmu cukru mělo vliv na tělesné složení či kognitivní funkce. Nakonec byla stanovena určitá doporučení, co se adekvátního příjmu cukru u experimentální skupiny týče.
ICANN: Transformation of Approach towards Internet Governance
Authors: Žolnerčíková Veronika
Published: June 2017

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is one of the world's prior organizations governing the Internet. Since its establishement in 1998 it faced criticism concerning the lack of legitimacy and accountability. ICANN was also challenged because of the ongoing tight relationship with the US government, which was not considered to be acceptable by the rest of the world. The article focuses on the development of ICANN and its approach towards the criticism. It elaborates on the sector-specific issues regarding Internet governance. And finally it informs the reader about the process of transformation of ICANN, which severed the link between the US government and ICANN.
Smart contract – revoluce v smluvním právu 21. století?
Authors: Krupičková Petra
Published: June 2017

Článek se zabývá možností uzavření smluv formou kódu (algoritmu) zapsaného v rámci blockchainové databáze. Tyto smlouvy jsou označovány jako smart contract, i když samotný pojem smart contract byl poprvé použit již v roce 1997 na začátku internetové éry před blockchainem pro smlouvy samostatně vykonávající smluvní závazek skrze hardware či software. Blockchainová technologie dokázala překlenout některé nedostatky tehdejšího řešení a je předvídáno možné masovější využití možnosti uzavírání smluv touto formou.  Cílem článku je nalézt odpověď, zda lze v rámci českého právního prostředí uzavřít smlouvu formou kódu a nastínit možné výzvy, které z této technologické možnosti mohou vyplývat v perspektivě českého práva.
Power of Many
Authors: Lafrance David B.
Published: June 2017

AWWA knew that good things would happen when 24 organizations collaborated to accelerate, on a voluntary basis, the removal of lead service lines. That is why we were pleased to become part of the steering committee for the Lead Service Line Replacement Collaborative.
Anticipate Surges to Lessen Their Effects
Authors: Gimson Mark
Published: June 2017

Pipeline surges can be catastrophic. These events can result from various factors that relate to starting or stopping flow in a distribution system.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment: from overlay methods to statistical methods in the Lombardy Plain area
Authors: Stevenazzi Stefania , Masetti Marco , Beretta Giovanni Pietro
Published: June 2017

Groundwater is among the most important freshwater resources. Worldwide, aquifers are experiencing an increasing threat of pollution from urbanization, industrial development, agricultural activities and mining enterprise. Thus, practical actions, strategies and solutions to protect groundwater from these anthropogenic sources are widely required. The most efficient tool, which helps supporting land use planning, while protecting groundwater from contamination, is represented by groundwater vulnerability assessment. Over the years, several methods assessing groundwater vulnerability have been developed: overlay and index methods, statistical and process-based methods. All methods are means to synthesize complex hydrogeological information into a unique document, which is a groundwater vulnerability map, useable by planners, decision and policy makers, geoscientists and the public. Although it is not possible to identify an approach which could be the best one for all situations, the final product should always be scientific defensible, meaningful and reliable. Nevertheless, various methods may produce very different results at any given site. Thus, reasons for similarities and differences need to be deeply investigated. This study demonstrates the reliability and flexibility of a spatial statistical method to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination at a regional scale. The Lombardy Plain case study is particularly interesting for its long history of groundwater monitoring (quality and quantity), availability of hydrogeological data, and combined presence of various anthropogenic sources of contamination. Recent updates of the regional water protection plan have raised the necessity of realizing more flexible, reliable and accurate groundwater vulnerability maps. A comparison of groundwater vulnerability maps obtained through different approaches and developed in a time span of several years has demonstrated the relevance of the continuous scientific progress, recognizing strengths and weaknesses of each research.
Potential shallow aquifers characterization through an integrated geophysical method: multivariate approach by means of k-means algorithms
Authors: Bernardinetti Stefano , Maraio Stefano , Bruno Pier Paolo Gennaro , Cicala Valentina , Minucci Serena , Giannuzzi Miriana , Trotta Marilena , Curedda Francesco , Febo Simone , Vacca Matteo , Guastaldi Enrico , Colonna Tommaso , Bonciani Filippo , Tufarolo Emanuele , Brogna Fabio , Zirulia Andrea , Milighetti Omar
Published: June 2017

The need to obtain a detailed hydrogeological characterization of the subsurface and its interpretation for the groundwater resources management, often requires to apply several and complementary geophysical methods. The goal of the approach in this paper is to provide a unique model of the aquifer by synthesizing and optimizing the information provided by several geophysical methods. This approach greatly reduces the degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of the interpretation by exploiting the different physical and mechanic characteristics of the aquifer. The studied area, into the municipality of Laterina (Arezzo, Italy), is a shallow basin filled by lacustrine and alluvial deposits (Pleistocene and Olocene epochs, Quaternary period), with alternated silt, sand with variable content of gravel and clay where the bottom is represented by arenaceous-pelitic rocks (Mt. Cervarola Unit, Tuscan Domain, Miocene epoch). This shallow basin constitutes the unconfined superficial aquifer to be exploited in the nearly future. To improve the geological model obtained from a detailed geological survey we performed electrical resistivity and P wave refraction tomographies along the same line in order to obtain different, independent and integrable data sets. For the seismic data also the reflected events have been processed, a remarkable contribution to draw the geologic setting. Through the k-means algorithm, we perform a cluster analysis for the bivariate data set to individuate relationships between the two sets of variables. This algorithm allows to individuate clusters with the aim of minimizing the dissimilarity within each cluster and maximizing it among different clusters of the bivariate data set. The optimal number of clusters “K”, corresponding to the individuated geophysical facies, depends to the multivariate data set distribution and in this work is estimated with the Silhouettes. The result is an integrated tomography that shows a finite number of homogeneous geophysical facies, which therefore permits to distinguish and interpret the porous aquifer in a quantitative and objective way.
Latium underground: geologists and speleology between XIX and XX century
Authors: Piro Maria
Published: June 2017

Not available.
Moderate nucleotide diversity in the Atlantic herring is associated with a low mutation rate
Authors: Feng Chungang , Pettersson Mats , Lamichhaney Sangeet , Rubin Carl-Johan , Rafati Nima , Casini Michele , Folkvord Arild , Andersson Leif
Published: June 2017

The Atlantic herring is one of the most abundant vertebrates on earth but its nucleotide diversity is moderate (π = 0.3%), only three-fold higher than in human. Here, we present a pedigree-based estimation of the mutation rate in this species. Based on whole-genome sequencing of four parents and 12 offspring, the estimated mutation rate is 2.0 × 10-9 per base per generation. We observed a high degree of parental mosaicism indicating that a large fraction of these de novo mutations occurred during early germ cell development. The estimated mutation rate – the lowest among vertebrates analyzed to date – partially explains the discrepancy between the rather low nucleotide diversity in herring and its huge census population size. But a species like the herring will never reach its expected nucleotide diversity because of fluctuations in population size over the millions of years it takes to build up high nucleotide diversity.
Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
Authors: Jayash Soher N. , Hashim Najihah M. , Misran Misni , Baharuddin NA
Published: June 2017

Background

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used for the systemic treatment of bone diseases, although it has many side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel for local application to repair bone defects. Recent studies have reported that immunodetection of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) can be used to characterise osteogenesis and new bone formation.

Methods

The osteogenic potential of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated in rabbits. Critical-sized defects were created in the calvarial bone, which were either left unfilled (control; group I), or filled with chitosan gel (group II) or OPG-chitosan gel (group III), with rabbits sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone samples from the surgical area were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC, OPN, and cathepsin K (osteoclast marker) antibodies. The toxicity of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated by biochemical assays (liver and kidney function tests).

Results

The mean bone growth in defects filled with the OPG-chitosan gel was significantly higher than those filled with the chitosan gel or the unfilled group (p < 0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks, the highest levels of OC and OPN markers were found in the OPG-chitosan gel group, followed by the chitosan gel group. The number of osteoclasts in the OPG-chitosan gel group was lower than the other groups. The results of the liver and kidney functional tests indicated no signs of harmful systemic effects of treatment. In conclusion, the OPG-chitosan gel has many characteristics that make it suitable for bone repair and regeneration, highlighting its potential benefits for tissue engineering applications.
Organizaciones científico-tecnológicas, ciudades intermedias y desafíos para la innovación regional: estudio de una experiencia latinoamericana
Authors: Pasciaroni Carolina , Gorenstein Silvia , Barbero Andrea
Published: June 2017

Os novos paradigmas tecnológicos apresentam possibilidades e caminhos de desenvolvimento de países periféricos e suas realidades urbano-regionais. Neste cenário surgem novos debates em torno das organizações de conhecimento (universidades, centros tecnológicos etc.) e, de forma mais geral, das potencialidades e limitações do sistema de inovação em suas diversas escalas, para que sejam desencadeados mecanismos virtuosos associados à configuração de redes de conhecimento e aprendizagem. O estudo proposto adota a metodologia de estudo de caso, com o objetivo de analisar a trajetória do complexo científico e tecnológico de uma cidade intermédia da Argentina. A partir da análise de dois períodos distintos, é possível identificar a influência de fatores próprios de contextos periféricos sobre o papel exercido por organizações de conhecimento nas dinâmicas de inovação regional.Código JEL | O18; P16; R21.
THE BEACH EROSION BOARD
Authors: Elliott Dabney O.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods by which, and the extent to which the Federal Government participates with local agencies in the control of beach erosion. The Beach Erosion Board of the Corps of Engineers is the instrumentality through which this participation is affected. However, before describing this Board, it is necessary to sketch very briefly the background of the beach erosion problem as viewed from the national standpoint. The necessity for the control of beach erosion by one means or another has no doubt been recognized from the beginning of the practice of coastal engineering in the United States. The early technical records of the Corps of Engineers contain numerous references to the mutual effects which navigation structures and the adjacent shorelines exert upon each other. As an example, chosen at random, I may mention the construction in 1874 of twelve stone groins along the shore of the State of Connecticut between Welshs Point and Indian River, and of a stone jetty at the mouth of that river in the following year, to stabilize the shoreline and to prevent the movement of sand into the navigation channel of that river.
THE SEAGOING HOPPER DREDGE
Authors: Reilly George P.
Published: June 2017

Dredging is a special type of excavation involving the removal of material from under water. Several thousand years ago the Chinese and the Assyrians employed the primitive spoon-and-bag dredger to clean and maintain their canals. This apparatus consisted of a bag manipulated from a boat by means of a pole attached to a yoke or hoop at the mouth of the bag which was dragged along the canal bottom. When full, the bag was lifted and dumped into the boat. The method of disposal of the material is not clear, but it must be assumed that it was lifted ashore or dumped overboard, all probably by hand. Little improvement over this spoon-and-bag method of dredging was made until the advent of the industrial era in the eighteenth century. The method was then developed into a chain of buckets moving on a ladder.
BREAKWATER CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Streblow A. G.
Published: June 2017

Upon receipt of an invitation to participate in this conference and present a paper on the subject of Breakwater Construction, I was happy to accept, feeling that I would benefit to a far greater degree than my contribution to a subject in which I, and the concern which I represent, have had a deep interest for many years. Our experience embraces some of the major jetty and sea wall construction in San Francisco Bay, viz: Treasure Island, Mare Island, Alameda Naval Air Station, Sacramento and San Joaquin River bank protection and other jetties along the Northern California Coast, including Crescent City. This paper is limited to breakwater construction on the basis of our experience previously mentioned. The subject has been divided into two parts, namely, (1) construction of jetties, or breakwaters which can be built by use of floating equipment and (2) construction of jetties which are not practicable to be built by use of floating equipment.
HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY COASTLINE
Authors: Wicker C. F.
Published: June 2017

The New Jersey coast probably is the most important recreational asset in the nation. This is due in part to the nearby densely populated metropolitan areas that experience unpleasantly hot and humid weather during the summer months. New York and its satellite communities, having a combined population of approximately 13 million, is only 50 miles from the nearest and 160 miles from the most remote of the 57 resort towns that dot the 125-mile length of New Jersey seashore. The Philadelphia metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 4 million, lies 60 miles from the nearest resort and only 86 miles from the farthest. But it is not merely geographic proximity to large numbers of people and the compulsion of uncomfortable weather at home that attracts 4 million vacationers and a great many one-day excursionists to the New Jersey seashore resorts each year. Nearly all of the 125 miles of shoreline is a satisfactory sandy bathing beach, and about 80% of it is open to the public at no charge. The ocean is not polluted, its temperature is approximately 700 throughout the summer months, and its surf is not dangerous. The 57 resort communities collectively offer a great variety of accommodations ranging from luxurious hotels to modest boarding houses and tourist camps, and the surroundings include highly developed areas, as at Atlantic City, as well as localities remaining in a natural condition. The development of this shoreline as a recreational resource began nearly two hundred years ago, at Cape May.
EROSION AND CORROSION ON MARINE STRUCTURES, ELWOOD, CALIFORNIA
Authors: Schaufele H. J.
Published: June 2017

The sole purpose of this paper is to present to the public more than twenty years' experience acquired in designing for, and eventually combating, the unusual forces of nature acting on marine structures in exposed waters. The structural design will naturally be determined by the use the project is called upon to serve and the standards of the designer. This particular phase of the overall picture, with the aid of available meteorological and oceanographical data for a specific area offers no particular difficulty in structural design. The subject matter presented herein refers to observations made among the various pier and oil well foundations constructed in the Elwood Field, California, during the interval between 1929 and 1935, and major maintenance problems to date. Where protective measures made at the time of installation are explained, they refer to our own specific works, while the general observations in the field are confined to no one particular structure or type of design.
THE ENGINEERING APPLICATION OF SEA AND SWELL DATA
Authors: Fleming Richard H. , Bates Charles C.
Published: June 2017

In planning for any marine construction, information on ocean waves should be considered essential. Such information must be available to select the best season of operations and to indicate the types of floating equipment that can be operated economically with a minimum of lost time. Furthermore, from such advance information it will be possible to estimate whether or not special observing and forecasting services will be required to provide for safe and efficient day-to-day operations. Readily available sources of ocean wave information are the sea and swell atlases published by the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office. These atlases, providing world-wide coverage on a monthly basis, have been compiled from visual observations of sea and swell recorded aboard merchant and naval vessels. These data therefore provide a means for making rapid evaluations of wave and swell conditions in the area of operations and along routes to and from this area. If the site is on an exposed coast, it is also possible to estimate surf conditions.
SEDIMENTATION AT THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
Authors: Holle Chas. G.
Published: June 2017

Sedimentation it the mouth of the Mississippi River is a phenomenon that has been under study by the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, during the past 120 years. The primary objective in these investigations has been the determination of the most economical method of maintaining required navigation depths through the Mississippi River Passes for oceangoing vessels that serve the Ports of New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and indirectly the vast Mississippi Valley river traffic.
STRENGTH OF SEDIMENTS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
Authors: Trask Parker D.
Published: June 2017

The strength of the sediments in the Gulf of Mexico concerns the engineer in planning drilling operations. The length and number of piles to support drilling platforms depends upon the strength of the mud. Likewise, the size and type of anchors used in securing service barges is influenced by the strength of the sediments. In the early stages of developing the offshore oil resources in a new area, the engineer is handicapped by lack of information as to the nature of the sediments that must support his structures. As time goes on, he can base his decisions more and more on experience gained in previous construction operations in or near the area with which he is concerned. He gradually acquires a mass of data on pile loading tests, settlement and deformation of existing structures, and laboratory analyses of undisturbed samples. He then can design his structure with confidence. However, in the early stages of the drilling program in any large offshore region, such as the Gulf of Mexico, he is confronted with uncertainties, many of which are difficult to resolve because of lack of definite information upon the strength of the muds.
PERTINENT FACTORS IN THE PROTECTION OF THE GULF COAST
Authors: Mason Martin A.
Published: June 2017

Protection of the U. S. shores of the Gulf of Mexico against erosion or damage by waves, currents, or other littoral forces involves unique physical and economic conditions that make this area quite different from other shore regions. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these conditions and the factors that contribute to them.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download
Authors: Johnson J. W.
Published: June 2017

This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with support also being given by the Northeastern Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Boston Society of Civil Engineers and the Boston Section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Appreciation is expressed to the New England Division of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplied to illustrate the cover and the section titles of this publication.
SPANISH PRACTICE IN HARBOR DESIGN
Authors: Iribarren Ramon , Nogales Casto
Published: June 2017

Up to a relatively short time ago maritime works, especially costly works of harbor protection, were designed merely by intuition or by misleading comparisons with other works seemingly identical, but lacking the application of appropriate scientific analysis.
SOME ASPECTS OF SHORE PROTECTION IN BOSTON HARBOR
Authors: Wey George L.
Published: June 2017

At the end of World War II, the newly created Port of Boston Authority was faced with embarking upon an extensive belated shore protection program. The funds for the projects were approved by the State Legislature based on pre-war estimates and with the proviso that the affected town or city must pay an equal amount towards the total cost of such work. In the face of rising costs of labor and materials, it was obvious that appropriations were inadequate to permit construction of the proposed seawalls unless a more economical type could be found. This was primarily the reason, along with a natural desire to gain more knowledge and obtain basic design criteria, that the Authority made a comprehensive study of existing shore structures along the Atlantic coast.
PREVENTION OF DETERIORATION IN WATERFRONT STRUCTURES
Authors: Knox George E.
Published: June 2017

The Bureau of Yards and Docks is greatly interested in prevention of deterioration and the preservation of marine structures such as wharves, piers, quay walls, mooring dolphins and various other structures which form a part of all of our coastal Naval stations.
CASE HISTORY OF ST. JOHNS RIVER AND JACKSONVILLE HARBOR, FLORIDA
Authors: Rawls Oscar G.
Published: June 2017

It seems particularly appropriate that this year should be chosen, for the presentation of a case history of St. Johns River, since it is this year that marks the centennial of the first effort to secure a navigable channel across its bar for ocean-bourne vessels. That effort led to a congressional appropriation of $10,000, a sizable sum in those days, for planning and definite work toward that end. Work was completed only last year, which provided a 34-foot channel from Jacksonville to the ocean, complete with various protective works, and a cut-off channel which eliminates three hazardous bends and reduces the distance to be navigated. Thus, the accomplishments of a century of efforts can be seen. It is those efforts which comprise the substance of this paper. A map of the river is shown as figure 1.
NOTES ON THE GENERATION AND GROWTH OF OCEAN WAVES UNDER WIND ACTION
Authors: Neumann Gerhard
Published: June 2017

The basic problem of forecasting wind-generated waves is the development of equations which express the energy budget between wind and waves, and the derivation of physical laws governing the growth of the component wave trains. The waves can grow only in the case where the supply of energy by wind exceeds the loss of energy by friction and turbulence. Thus any attempt to calculate the growth of ocean waves under wind action requires a knowledge of the energy supply and the energy dissipation in every phase of wave development.
QUANTIFYING NUMERICAL MODEL ACCURACY AND VARIABILITY
Authors: Montoya Luis Humberto , Lynett Patrick
Published: June 2017

On March 11, 2011 the Tohoku tsunami event caused the death of thousands of people and generated billions of dollars in damages. Following this and previous tsunami events, there has been an effort to improve tsunami risk mitigation for coastal communities. Currently, numerical models are being used in a state-of-the-art methodology to estimate tsunami risk from near and far field sources. Model predictions are essential for the development of Tsunami Hazard Assessments (THA). By better understanding model bias and uncertainties and if possible minimizing them, a more accurate and reliable THA will result. In this study we compare runup height, inundation lines and flow velocity field measurements between GeoClaw and the Method Of Splitting Tsunami (MOST) predictions in the Sendai plain. Runup elevation and average inundation distance was in general over predicted by the models. However, both models agree relatively well with each other when predicting maximum sea surface elevation and maximum flow velocities. Model predictions show that the flow velocity increases as the tsunami wave front reaches the shoreline and makes its way inland for a couple of kilometers, contrary to what it is generally assumed. The tsunami models used in this study show much more variability when predicting flow velocity than predicting runup elevations and inundation lines. The results provided in this study will help understand the uncertainties in model predictions and locate possible sources of errors within a model.
NUMERICAL MODELLING METHODOLOGY FOR TSUNAMI FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Carrion Benjamin , Burgos Luis , Rozas Carlos
Published: June 2017

Several recent tsunami events worldwide have increased the general publicÂ´s awareness of the inherent risk many coastal communities face. Accordingly, academics and professionals have sought to acquire a better understanding of the underlying physical processes involved, and have developed increasingly sophisticated numerical tools to simulate them. One important characteristic of the tsunami flood tragedies that must be acknowledged is that they occur in urban areas, where the built environment is likely to determine the flow, and hence, the flood risk. Despite this fact, relatively little literature covers the particular challenges of modelling the hydrodynamic interactions of the tsunami flood and the buildings and infrastructure. In this work we propose the indirect inclusion of the built environment's effect by actually excluding every building from the numerical domain, enclosing them in an internal reflective boundary condition. The objective is two-fold: it allows a reasonable inclusion of the flow funneling, and it reduces the number of cells in the numerical domain, allowing the use of a higher grid resolution in the expected wet domain, and to achieve shorter simulation runtimes. The methodology was validated against measurements of flow depth, velocity, and momentum on a scale model of the city of Seaside, Oregon. The model and methodology were subsequently used to produce flood depth and velocity maps for 11 coastal cities in Chile, caused by the likely maximum mega-thrust earthquake for each of them.
THE STRUCTURE OF NEARSHORE CURRENTS DRIVEN BY CHANGES IN METEO-MARINE FORCINGS
Authors: Petitjean Lise , Sous Damien , Rey Vincent , Bouchette Frédéric , Sabatier FranÃ§ois , Meulé Samuel
Published: June 2017

This work aims to better understand the physical processes governing the wave propagation in a vertically sheared current and the resulting nearshore circulation patterns. It is based on a high resolution hydro-morphodynamic field campaign, ROUSTY2014, collecting a comprehensive hydro-morphodynamical dataset during a full winter season. The overall analysis highlights three main circulation patterns, largely controled by the bathymetric features and by co-working or competing wind and waves forcings. Regarding the vertical structuration of the circulation, most of field observations shown seaward directed circulation with onshore component close to the air/sea surface whose intensity varies according to incoming wave conditions. Forth, vertical shear increase when breaking happen close to sensor location and orientation of mean circulation depend on wind direction.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM TIDAL STREAM CURRENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Orhan Kadir , Mayerle Roberto , Narayanan Rangaswami , Pandoe Wahyu
Published: June 2017

In this paper, an advanced methodology developed for the assessment of tidal stream resources is applied to several straits between Indian Ocean and inner Indonesian seas. Due to the high current velocities up to 3-4 m/s, the straits are particularly promising for the efficient generation of electric power. Tidal stream power potentials are evaluated on the basis of calibrated and validated high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical models. It was found that the straits under investigation have tremendous potential for the development of renewable energy production. Suitable locations for the installation of the turbines are identified in all the straits, and sites have been ranked based on the level of power density. Maximum power densities are observed in the Bali Strait, exceeding around 10kw/m2. Horizontal axis tidal turbines with a cut-in velocity of 1m/s are considered in the estimations. The highest total extractable power resulted equal to about 1,260MW in the Strait of Alas. Preliminary assessments showed that the power production at the straits under investigation is likely to exceed previous predictions reaching around 5,000MW.
AN EVENT-BASED APPROACH FOR EXTREME JOINT PROBABILITIES OF WAVES AND SEA LEVELS
Authors: Mazas Franck , Hamm Luc
Published: June 2017

A methodology for determining extreme joint probabilities of two metocean variables, in particular wave height and sea level, is presented in the paper. This methodology focuses in particular on the sampling of the time series, which should be based on the notion of event: either the event generating the variables whose joint probabilities are wanted (such as a storm generating waves and surges) or the event that is a result of the combination of these variables (such as a beach erosion event generated by waves at high sea level). A classification is proposed for multivariate analyses in order to help the choice of the sampling method. The dependence between the variables is analysed using tools such as the chi-plot, of which an enhanced presentation is proposed, then is modelled by extreme-value copulas (Gumbel-Hougaard, Galambos and HÃ¼sler-Reiss) estimated by Canonical Maximum Likelihood or by the upper tail dependence coefficient. Joint return periods are then computed. A comparison is made with a simulation from the JOIN-SEA software on a dataset of wave height and sea levels offshore Brest, France. Then the bivariate methodology is extended to a multivariate framework. The distribution of sea level is determined by an indirect approach (extrapolation of extreme surges then convolution with the astronomical tide) and the dependence is analyzed between the wave height and the surge component only. A bidimensional convolution between the joint distribution of wave height and surge and the distribution of the astronomical tide yields the joint distribution of wave height and sea level. The application of this method to the dataset of Brest and its comparison with the bivariate approach are finally discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR A BRAIDED RIVER SYSTEM
Authors: Cambazoglu Mustafa Kemal , Blain Cheryl Ann
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to construct a modeling system that will assist flood risk management strategies in a coastal plain braided river system. The model configuration consists of a hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC) of the river basin that receives tidal forcing at the open boundary and river discharge forcing at upstream flux boundary. An unstructured mesh model resolving the Pearl River channels at higher resolution from the coastline to approximately 75km inland to upstream reaches of the river has been constructed. The modeling system produces water levels and currents throughout the Lower Pearl River Basin. Initial sensitivity analysis efforts on the channel model include consideration of low-flow, average-flow, and high-flow scenarios. Model results were found to be slightly sensitive to slope of river channels and bottom friction to control stability in predictions. The model results were shown to be highly sensitive to the bathymetry of the model that controls the discharge capacity of the narrow river channels and the channel model resulted in elevated currents and water levels under high flow conditions. A channel discharge capacity analysis was conducted and the results showed the need to construct a floodplain mesh around the channel model with more realistic bathymetry and topography so that the flooding scenarios could be modeled with wetting and drying capability of ADCIRC. An initial attempt to develop such a floodplain mesh has been made with preliminary results and more comprehensive validation of the developed floodplain modeling system will extend to reproducing events associated with the historical Hurricane Isaac that impacted the region in 2012. This modeling system will provide an important tool to decision makers that could be used in future flood risk management and mitigation efforts.
DETERMINATION OF COMBINED PROBABILITIES OF OCCURRENCE OF WATER LEVELS AND WAVE HEIGHTS FOR THE SAFETY OF DIKES AT THE BALTIC SEA
Authors: Kaehler Christian , Schlamkow Christian , Saathoff Fokke
Published: June 2017

Large parts of the Baltic Sea coast in Germany are protected by dikes against storm surges and floods. The dikes are designed to resist storm surges and floods, also taking into consideration of climate changes and sea level rise. To ensure the protective function the safety standards of the dikes are validated in regular intervals. This paper presents an approach to determine combined probabilities of occurrence of water level and wave heights for three selected sections. The probabilities of occurrence for defined return periods have been calculated by comparing several Copula models from the Archimedean Copula family.
AN AGENT BASED MODEL FOR LAND USE POLICIES IN COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Nabinejad Shima , SchÃ¼ttrumpf Holger
Published: June 2017

Reducing the probability of flooding by flood defence structures might not be successful without appropriate actions taken in order to mitigate flood damages. Moreover, success depends on actions at both governmental and individual levels. Therefore, farmers as the inhabitant of flooding areas may contribute to flood management in terms of land use policies which lead to communication, human interaction, and adaptation. However, these social behaviors have not taken into account in flood management studies due to their complex nature and human has been only considered as the receptor of flooding without paying attention to multiple feedbacks over time horizons with a dynamic approach. In our study, we overcome this deficiency by employing Agent Based Model (ABM) of land use policy in flood risk management and address challenges regarding social interactions in this research area. Our Agent Based Model includes perspectives from engineering, decision making, and socio-economics allowing to model human-flood interactions. In this model, farmers are considered as individuals whose decisions depend on climatic conditions, crop yields, costs and prices, flood damage, personal risk perception, and their social interactions. This is achieved by integrating three main modules including hydrological module, flood analysis module, and decision making module in the frame of Agent Based Model. This paper has shed some light on main concepts of our Agent Based Model including the developed methodology, main modules, required information, and initial results. It also summarizes the components of the modules and the governed interactions.
COASTAL MODELING FOR REGIONAL SEDIMENT BUDGET IN WEST MAUI, HAWAII
Authors: Lin Lihwa , Demirbilek Zeki , Podoski Jessica , Smith Thomas , Lin Lihwa
Published: June 2017

The West Maui Region incorporates a thin coastal margin backed by steep mountainous terrain that has been vastly altered by agricultural and urbanized development. Coastline includes headlands and reefs with a very limited supply of sediment. Shoreline was found to be erosional chronically based on average rates. The dynamics of the area are complex with a wave climate affected by intricate bathymetry, wind, and island sheltering. Longshore currents vary locally and temporally from nearshore to offshore. Wave and current modeling indicates that large waves in the summer and winter have driven the majority of sediment transport along the coast. The littoral transport is essentially northward in summer and southward in winter. The net transport of longshore sediment is overall small. The nearshore eddy formation with wave breaking nearshore over narrow sandy bed and wide reefs may increase the complexity of sediment movement within the region.
FLOCCULATION: A GENERAL AGGREGATION-FRAGMENTATION FRAMEWORK
Authors: Sheremet Alex , Sahin Cihan , Manning Andrew J.
Published: June 2017

We present a brief review of the key assumptions at the basis of the kinetic description of aggregation-fragmentation processes. The goal is to provide a consistent foundation for using the aggregation-fragmentation equation as a framework for modeling flocculation. The derivation presented here is illustrated using a simple form of the equation that describes the dynamics of a 3-class distribution subject to elementary collisions of order 2, with arbitrary interaction coefficients.
A MULTI-NODE APPROACH TO SIMULATE THIN COASTAL STRUCTURES IN THE SPH CONTEXT
Authors: Aristodemo Francesco , Meringolo Domenico Davide , Veltri Paolo
Published: June 2017

We propose an improvement in modeling solid boundary

conditions for 2D weakly-compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations for cases in

which the thickness of the body is small compared to the desired

particle size and the fluid surrounds the body from more than one

side. Specifically, the fixed ghost particles technique developed by

Marrone et al. (2011), based on interpolation nodes located within the

fluid domain, is here extended to a multi-node approach. The fluid

domain is thus divided into various sub-areas and an interpolation

node for the considered solid particle is associated to every

sub-area. Consequently, the solid particles present an array of

values interpolated at different sub-areas for the same physical

quantity. When a fluid particle located in a specific region

interacts with a multi-node fixed ghost particle, the last assumes

the field values interpolated in the reference area through the

associated node. The present modeling allows to adopt a coarser

spatial resolution to model the same physical problem, resulting in

a reduction of the computational cost.

The proposed solid boundary treatment is applied to horizontal decks and perforated

wall-caisson breakwaters subjected to regular waves. In this

context, an automatic hybrid diffusive formulation is introduced in order to prevent shock

waves during water impacts and preserve the hydrostatic pressure.

The formulation is obtained by defining a variable parameter

detecting the occurrence of relevant density gradients induced by

fluid impacts, resulting in an automatic switch between the two

formulations.
HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY AND LOADING OF A TSUNAMI-FLOODING BARRIER (TFB)
Authors: Elsafti Hisham , Oumeraci Hocine , Scheel Hans
Published: June 2017

The Tsunami-Flooding Barrier (TFB) is an impermeable vertical structure proposed at relatively large water depths, at which it is theorised that a tsunami will reach the structure before turning into a bore. The proposed hypothesis is tested in this study by means of a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The hydrodynamic efficiency of the impermeable TFB structure is confirmed and the effect of different aspects on the hydrodynamic efficiency of the structure are studied. These aspects include water depth, free board, surface roughness and the consideration of a deflecting parapet (named here as a surge stopper). Further, a new method is developed for calculating the tsunami-like solitary wave run-up and loads on the structure. The method is then compared to the Goda method for calculating storm wave loads on vertical impermeable structures. It is concluded that using the Goda method will severely underestimate the tsunami-like solitary wave load on the TFB structure.
WAVE OVERTOPPING AT MALECÃ’N TRADICIONAL, LA HABANA, CUBA
Authors: Cordova Lopez Luis Fermin , Salerno Daniela , Dentale Fabio , Capobianco Alessandro , Buccino Mariano
Published: June 2017

With the aim of redesigning the geometry of the MalecÃ²n, a vertical face seawall protecting the northern waterfront of the city of La Habana, a wide experimental campaign was carried out. The latter was performed in the frame of a collaboration between the Government of the isle of Cuba and the CUGRI consortium, an Italian institution which joins the Universities of Salerno and Napoli â€œFederico IIâ€. The different solutions investigated allowed both to detect the best solution for reducing the overtopping and to assess the role of wave setup and low frequency components of the incoming wave spectrum on the predictions of the mean overtopping rate. The stability of two nearshore structures designed to protect the seawall has also been assessed.
DETERMINATION OF CROSS SECTIONS FOR GRAVITY TYPE QUAY WALLS
Authors: Yuksel Tugce , Yuksel Yalcin , Basaran Busra , Cevik Esin
Published: June 2017

Block type quay walls are widely used as port structures in the world. In this study three types of vertical block type quay walls with different block size exposed to seismic loading were investigated experimentally. The block ratios of Type I, Type II and III vertical wall models are B/h=2, 1.5 and 1.5 & H/h=6, 6 and 3, respectively. The tests were conducted in the shaking tank with different harmonic seismic loadings and the behaviors of these walls were investigated comparatively.