bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation Diagnosed Prenatally in a Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Berger Dana Senderoff , Robinson Andre , Chervenak Judith , Thomas Kristen , Srinivasan Ranjini , Sharma Geeta , Roman Ashley S. , Penfield Christina A. , Limaye Meghana
Published: August 2024

We present a case of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM), a rare congenital arteriovenous malformation, in one fetus of a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy. The diagnosis was made with color Doppler ultrasonography at 28 weeks and the affected fetus was found to have worsening cardiomegaly on subsequent fetal echocardiograms. She was emergently delivered at 32 weeks for abnormal fetal heart rate tracing of the affected twin. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain findings after delivery demonstrated severe neurological injury; therefore, postnatal embolization was not performed. The neonate died on day of life 9. The cotwin survived without neurological complications. This is the first case in the literature of a VGAM diagnosed prenatally in a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy and demonstrates the challenge of delivery timing with prenatal diagnosis in a twin pregnancy.
Harnessing Risk Assessment for Thrombosis and Bleeding to Optimize Anticoagulation Strategy in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhao Yue , Cao Li-Ya , Zhao Ying-Xin , Zhao Di , Huang Yi-Fan , Wang Fei , Wang Qian
Published: August 2024

Background Oral anticoagulation (OAC) following catheter ablation (CA) of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is essential for the prevention of thrombosis events. Inappropriate application of OACs does not benefit stroke prevention but may be associated with a higher risk of bleeding. Therefore, this study aims to develop clinical data-driven machine learning (ML) methods to predict the risk of thrombosis and bleeding to establish more precise anticoagulation strategies for patients with NVAF.

Methods Patients with NVAF who underwent CA therapy were enrolled from Southwest Hospital from 2015 to 2023. This study compared eight ML algorithms to evaluate the predictive power for both thrombosis and bleeding. Model interpretations were recognized by feature importance and SHapley Additive exPlanations methods. With potential essential risk factors, simplified ML models were proposed to improve the feasibility of the tool.

Results A total of 1,055 participants were recruited, including 105 patients with thrombosis and 252 patients with bleeding. The models based on XGBoost achieved the best performance with accuracies of 0.740 and 0.781 for thrombosis and bleeding, respectively. Age, BNP, and the duration of heparin are closely related to the high risk of thrombosis, whereas the anticoagulation strategy, BNP, and lipids play a crucial role in the occurrence of bleeding. The optimized models enrolling crucial risk factors, RF-T for thrombosis and Xw-B for bleeding, achieved the best recalls of 0.774 and 0.780, respectively.

Conclusion The optimized models will have a great application potential in predicting thrombosis and bleeding among patients with NVAF and will form the basis for future score scales.
The Predictive Value of hsa_circ_0001313 (circCCDC66) in Egyptian Rectal Cancer Patients: A New Era in Precision Medicine
Authors: Batea Hend M. , El-dine Safaa H. Mohy , Kamha Eman M. , Khedr Gehan M. , Moaz Ahmed , Abdelmonsif Doaa A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction The involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer research has been emphasized in recent years due to evidence of their involvement in malignancy pathogenesis. Yet, the involvement of circRNAs in the resistance to cancer treatment remains to be clarified. Circular RNA 0001313 (circ_0001313) has a distinct expression in different cancers, and it is overexpressed in rectal cancer; hence, it could be a promising non-invasive stable biomarker and a therapeutic target for rectal cancer. Yet, its predictive role has not been studied in Egyptian rectal cancer patients.

Objective To study the predictive value of circulating circ_0001313 (circ_CCDCC6) in assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with rectal cancer and its relation to radiological and pathological response.

Materials and Methods The present study included 50 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and 20 healthy subjects as controls. The analysis of the relative circ_CCDCC6 expression was performed using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.

Results The circ_CCDCC6 was found to be significantly more expressed in rectal cancer patients compared with controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, its expression level was significantly higher in nonresponders to nCRT compared with responders (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive performance of circulating circ_0001313; its sensitivity in predicting the response to treatment was of 93.33%, and its specificity was of 91.43%.

Conclusion Significant up-regulation of circ_0001313 in rectal cancer suggests a potential oncogenic role, and higher expression of circ_0001313 among nonresponders suggests that it could be a predictor of the response to nCRT.
The Approach to Altered Mental Status in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Albin Catherine S.W. , Cunha Cheston B. , Glaser Timlin P. , Schachter Micaela , Snow Jerry W. , Oto Brandon
Published: August 2024

Altered mental status (AMS) is a syndrome posing substantial burden to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in both prevalence and intensity. Unfortunately, ICU patients are often diagnosed merely with syndromic labels, particularly the duo of toxic–metabolic encephalopathy (TME) and delirium. Before applying a nonspecific diagnostic label, every patient with AMS should be evaluated for specific, treatable diseases affecting the central nervous system. This review offers a structured approach to increase the probability of identifying specific causal etiologies of AMS in the critically ill. We provide tips for bedside assessment in the challenging ICU environment and review the role and yield of common neurodiagnostic procedures, including specialized bedside modalities of diagnostic utility in unstable patients. We briefly review two common etiologies of TME (uremic and septic encephalopathies), and then review a selection of high-yield toxicologic, neurologic, and infectious causes of AMS in the ICU, with an emphasis on those that require deliberate consideration as they elude routine screening. The final section lays out an approach to the various etiologies of AMS in the critically ill.
Characterization of thermoelectric generator modules: Numerical and analytical study on heat flow determination under transient temperature conditions
Authors: Ferrer Caro Jhonatan Samuel , Müller Eckhard , Ziolkowski Pawel
Published: August 2024

Thermoelectric generator modules (TEMs) are in common use as power sources for spacecraft. Here, we present the first investigations on a modified characterization approach for TEM with a focus on the heat flow determination under transient temperature boundary conditions with a reference block as a heat flow meter. Furthermore, we present a solution of a partial differential equation (PDE) for determining temperature fields under transient boundary conditions in single thermoelectric blocks. The PDE solution serves likewise as a reference for a numerical model using OpenModelica with a network model of the TEM measurement facility under ideal measurement conditions without parasitic heat losses. Heat flow results obtained from the numerical model are compared with the simulated transient measurement procedure, which has been derived from an analytic description of the heat conduction in the measurement configuration.
Robust electronic phase transition against cation disorder in high-entropy pyrochlore iridates
Authors: Contant D. , McNally G. M. , Krajewska A. , Takagi H. , Takayama T.
Published: August 2024

High-entropy pyrochlore iridates A2Ir2O7 with multiple trivalent A cations were synthesized. The parent ternary A2Ir2O7 displays a variety of electronic phases depending on the size of A cations; Pr2Ir2O7 with a large A cation shows semimetallic behavior down to low temperatures, whereas A2Ir2O7 with smaller A cations, such as Nd2Ir2O7 and Eu2Ir2O7, displays a (semi)metal to magnetic insulator transition as a function of temperature. By further reducing the A cation size, smaller than Y3+, A2Ir2O7 becomes a Mott insulator, and long-range magnetic order takes place below room temperature. The metal–insulator transition and magnetic ordering turned out to be robust against strong disorder induced by the mixing of more than five A-cations in the high-entropy A2Ir2O7. The transition temperatures were found to scale with the average ionic radius of multiple A-cations. In contrast, high-entropy A2Ir2O7 including Bi3+ exhibits metallic behavior down to 2 K, which is likely associated with the presence of oxygen vacancies as in the parent Bi2Ir2O7. Although these indicate that the overall electronic structure of A2Ir2O7 remains intact in the presence of high-entropy configuration at the A-site, the transport properties suggest that fine details of the band structure may be modulated by local distortion. Strong disorder at the A-site of complex oxides may be exploited as a tool to control electronic properties.
Trade-off between reconstruction accuracy and physical validity in modeling turbomachinery particle image velocimetry data by physics-informed convolutional neural networks
Authors: Soltani Maryam , Akbari Ghasem , Montazerin Nader
Published: August 2024

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) data are a valuable asset in fluid mechanics. It is capable of visualizing flow structures even in complex physics scenarios, such as the flow at the exit of the rotor of a centrifugal fan. Machine learning is also a successful companion to PIV in order to increase data resolution or impute experimental gaps. While classical algorithms focus solely on replicating data using statistical metrics, the application of physics-informed neural networks (PINN) contributes to both data reconstruction and adherence to governing equations. The present study utilizes a convolutional physics-informed auto-encoder to reproduce planar PIV fields in the gappy regions while also satisfying the mass conservation equation. It proposes a novel approach that compromises experimental data reconstruction for compliance with physical restrictions. Simultaneously, it is aimed to ensure that the reconstruction error does not considerably deviate from the uncertainty band of the test data. A turbulence scale approximation is employed to set the relative weighting of the physical and data-driven terms in the loss function to ensure that both objectives are achieved. All steps are initially evaluated on a set of direct numerical simulation data to demonstrate the general capability of the network. Finally, examination of the PIV data indicates that the proposed PINN auto-encoder can enhance reconstruction accuracy by about 28% and 29% in terms of mass conservation residual and velocity statistics, respectively, at the expense of up to a 5% increase in the number of vectors with reconstruction error higher than the uncertainty band of the PIV test data.
Experimental studies on suppressing thermoacoustic oscillations by secondary gas injection in a premixed swirl combustor
Authors: Cao Wei , Yang Kaiqi , Ren Yongjie , Guo Kangkang , Tong Yiheng , Huang Weidong , Nie Wansheng
Published: August 2024

Effects of secondary gas injection on flame shape and combustion stability of a premixed swirl methane/air flame were investigated experimentally. Without secondary gas injection, an attached M-shaped flame was observed with pressure oscillations up to a sound pressure level of 68 dB. The flame exhibited significant oscillations due to flame–vortex interactions induced by velocity fluctuations. The secondary methane or air was separately injected into the outer recirculation zone to suppress the flame oscillations at a volume flow rate of 0.5% of the primary flow rates. For lower primary air flow rates (Qair ≤ 60 L/min), both secondary methane and air injections were able to suppress the thermoacoustic instability and performed the sound pressure level reduction of 45 dB. Meanwhile, the flame transformed from an attached unstable M-shaped flame to a detached stable V-shaped flame. The secondary methane or air injection served to stabilize the flame and anchor its spatial heat release distribution by limiting the variation of flame shape in the outer recirculation zone, suppressing thermoacoustic oscillation. For higher primary air flow rates (Qair = 80 L/min), the secondary methane injection could reduce sound pressure levels to noise levels, while secondary air injection could not. The velocity disturbances and heat release fluctuations introduced by secondary methane injection could lead to a transformation in flame shape and achieve the suppression of thermoacoustic oscillation. However, the velocity disturbances induced by secondary air injection were insufficient to stabilize the flame.
Hybrid walrus optimization algorithm techniques for optimized parameter estimation in single, double, and triple diode solar cell models
Authors: Vujošević Snežana , Ćalasan Martin , Micev Mihailo
Published: August 2024

Among all renewable energy sources, solar energy holds the greatest potential for electricity production. This transformation from solar to electrical energy is facilitated by solar cells, typically modeled using single-diode, double-diode, and triple-diode representations. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WOA) for estimating the parameters of these models. Furthermore, we introduce three innovative hybrid variants of WOA that incorporate chaotic sequences, adaptive modifications, and integration with the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm, thereby enhancing the parameter estimation process. Our research was conducted on two well-documented types of solar cells/modules, with additional tests on the performance of these algorithms on a solar panel under varying insolation and temperature conditions. The results underscore the superior efficiency, accuracy, and practicality of the hybrid algorithms, particularly the variant augmented with chaotic sequences, over traditional parameter estimation methods in solar cell technologies. This paper highlights significant advancements in algorithmic approaches, paving the way for more precise and reliable solar energy technologies.
Effects of weather on marsupial folivore activity in a north Queensland upland tropical rainforest.
Authors: Laurance W.F.
Published: August 2024

There have been no prior attempts to assess the efTec ts of weather variation on folivorous marsupials in tropical Australia. I used data from 160 spotlighting censuses to test the effects of four weather variables (temperature, cloud cover, rainfall , fog) and moonlight intensity on activity patterns of five arboreal folivores in 1986/ 87 on the Atherton Tableland in northeastern Queensland. The most striking resuh was that three possums (Trichosurus vulpecula, Pseudocheirus herbertensis, Hemibelideus lemuroides) significantly reduced their activity when temperatures fell below 14-16° C. Moreover, diminishing cloud cover and increasing moonlight, which may increase detectability of folivores to predators, appeared to reduce the activity of tropical ringtails (P. herbertensis, P. archeri, H. lemuroides). Lumhohz's Tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) seemed lillie influenced by inclement weather, at least over the range of conditions studied. Ecological and biogeographic implications of these findings are discussed.
Genetic improvement of phosphate-limited photosynthesis for high yield in rice
Authors: Ma Bin , Zhang You , Fan Yanfei , Zhang Lin , Li Xiaoyuan , Zhang Qi-Qi , Shu Qingyao , Huang Jirong , Chen Genyun , Li Qun , Gao Qifei , Zhu Xin-Guang , He Zuhua , Wang Peng
Published: August 2024

Low phosphate (Pi) availability decreases photosynthesis, with phosphate limitation of photosynthesis occurring particularly during grain filling of cereal crops; however, effective genetic solutions remain to be established. We previously discovered that rice phosphate transporter OsPHO1;2 controls seed (sink) development through Pi reallocation during grain filling. Here, we find that OsPHO1;2 regulates Pi homeostasis and thus photosynthesis in leaves (source). Loss-of-function of OsPHO1;2 decreased Pi levels in leaves, leading to decreased photosynthetic electron transport activity, CO
2
assimilation rate, and early occurrence of phosphate-limited photosynthesis. Interestingly, ectopic expression of
OsPHO1;2
greatly increased Pi availability, and thereby, increased photosynthetic rate in leaves during grain filling, contributing to increased yield. This was supported by the effect of foliar Pi application. Moreover, analysis of core rice germplasm resources revealed that higher
OsPHO1;2
expression was associated with enhanced photosynthesis and yield potential compared to those with lower expression. These findings reveal that phosphate-limitation of photosynthesis can be relieved via a genetic approach, and the
OsPHO1;2
gene can be employed to reinforce crop breeding strategies for achieving higher photosynthetic efficiency.
Cortical neurodegeneration caused by
Psen1
mutations is independent of Aβ
Authors: Yan Kuo , Zhang Chen , Kang Jongkyun , Montenegro Paola , Shen Jie
Published: August 2024

Mutations in the
PSEN
genes are the major cause of familial Alzheimer’s disease, and presenilin (PS) is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, which cleaves type I transmembrane proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to release Aβ peptides. While PS plays an essential role in the protection of neuronal survival,
PSEN
mutations also increase the ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40. Thus, it remains unresolved whether
PSEN
mutations cause AD via a loss of its essential function or increases of Aβ42/Aβ40. Here, we test whether the knockin (KI) allele of
Psen1
L435F, the most severe FAD mutation located closest to the active site of γ-secretase, causes age-dependent cortical neurodegeneration independent of Aβ by crossing various
Psen
mutant mice to the
App
-null background. We report that removing Aβ completely through APP deficiency has no impact on the age-dependent neurodegeneration in
Psen
mutant mice, as shown by the absence of effects on the reduced cortical volume and decreases of cortical neurons at the ages of 12 and 18 mo. The L435F KI allele increases Aβ42/Aβ40 in the cerebral cortex while decreasing de novo production and steady-state levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in the presence of APP. Furthermore, APP deficiency does not alleviate elevated apoptotic cell death in the cerebral cortex of
Psen
mutant mice at the ages of 2, 12, and 18 mo, nor does it affect the progressive microgliosis in these mice. Our findings demonstrate that
Psen1
mutations cause age-dependent neurodegeneration independent of Aβ, providing further support for a loss-of-function pathogenic mechanism underlying
PSEN
mutations.
Microaggressions and impoliteness at the crossroads
Authors: Guardamagna Caterina , Hampton Jessica , Roccia Mariana , Sredanovic Djordje
Published: August 2024

The Brexit process created a loss of rights and heightened hostility towards EU migrants within the UK, even
among groups previously shielded from such animosity, notably EU academics. This paper is based on 24 clear instances of
microaggressions, and two bordering hate speech involving EU academics in England and synthetises the psychology/philosophy
literature on microaggressions with linguistic frameworks of “rapport management” and “impoliteness triggers” leading to a novel
understanding of the phenomenon. Microaggressions are defined as a specific type of impoliteness “of the mild kind”, characterised
by repetition at the individual and/or the collective level, which produces feelings of annoyance, irritation and shock. This
study shows that Brexit-microaggressions usually involve social identity face and the breach of equity/association sociality rights.
They mostly take the shape of formulae echoing slogans entrenched in the discourses of Brexit and arise out of a mismatch between
pro-Brexit comments uttered in the presence of an EU migrant.
Turn continuation in yeah/no
responding turns
Authors: Szczepek Reed Beatrice , Cantarutti Marina
Published: August 2024

This study makes an original contribution to the understanding of sound patterns in interaction by
investigating glottalization and linking at word boundaries in naturally occurring talk. Specifically, the study shows how speakers of British English make use of the contrast between glottalized
and linked vowel-fronted TCU boundaries in multi-unit
turns. Second TCUs whose initial vowel is joined to the last sound of the first TCU routinely either extend or
elaborate on the social action of the first TCU. Second TCUs whose initial vowel is glottalized routinely accomplish
new actions that are distinct from those accomplished by the first TCU. After giving an overview of a wider collection
of cases, the analysis focuses on yeah/no responding turns.
Treating an error in another’s talk as laughable
Authors: Wagner Johannes , Wilkinson Ray
Published: August 2024

In this chapter we highlight a phenomenon evident in conversations involving second language (L2)
speakers or speakers with aphasia. Following the
production of certain errors by these “challenged” speakers, a co-participant not only corrects the error, but also
treats it as laughable. We analyse three practices
through which a co-participant treats the error as laughable: (1) an over-exposed other-correction; (2) a playful or teasing other-correction; and (3) a
post-other-correction laughing repeat of the error. Such sequences are notable since the co-participants are hearably
“laughing at” the errors of the challenged speakers. Typically in our data set the challenged speakers do not laugh
along. We discuss what makes these errors laughable and the possible interactional motivation for co-participants’
laughter in this context.
HF-MSCN: a high frequency-multiscale cascade network for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Abduelhadi Alaeldden , Liang Haopeng , Cao Jie , Chen Peng
Published: August 2024

In the field of data-driven fault diagnosis (FD), deep learning methods have proven their excellent performance, especially when dealing with complex signals from rotating equipment such as bearings. However, fault features in vibration signals are often mixed with noise features and distributed at different frequency scales, posing challenges for effective feature extraction. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a high frequency-multiscale cascade network (HF-MSCN), which enhances the noise suppression and feature learning capability of the model by combining a high-frequency convolutional block (HFCB) with a multi-scale cascade block (MSCB). HFCB effectively suppresses high-frequency noise through wide convolutional layers and self-attention mechanisms while still retaining essential high-frequency fault signals. MSCB enhances the interaction between convolutional layers at different scales by cascading the layers at different scales and strengthens the model’s ability to capture subtle fault features, especially when processing periodic fault pulse signals. Finally, we investigate the internal functioning of the network using time–frequency analysis methods in signal processing to improve the interpretability of deep learning methods in FD applications and further verify the enhanced effect of HFCB and MSCB on feature extraction. We validate the effectiveness of HF-MSCN on the case western reserve university dataset as well as a self-constructed bearing composite fault dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate that the network exceeds the performance of six state-of-the-art fault diagnostic methods in high-noise environments.
Nanosecond laser annealing processed surface-structured hyperdoped silicon for efficient near-infrared detection
Authors: Cheng Li , Lv Xiang , Ding Degong , Yang Lei , Yang Deren , Yu Xuegong
Published: August 2024

Surface-structured engineering of hyperdoped silicon can effectively facilitate the absorption of sub-bandgap photons in pristine single-crystal silicon (sc-Si). Here, we conducted different annealing approaches of ordinary thermal annealing (OTA) and nanosecond laser annealing (NLA) on modification of titanium-hyperdoped silicon (Si:Ti) surface structure, to achieve efficient near-infrared detection. It is presented that both OTA and NLA processes can improve the crystallinity of Si:Ti samples. In detail, atomic-resolved STEM characterization illustrates that NLA treatment will further eliminate the amorphous phase on Si:Ti surface to varying degrees. While one-dimensional periodic stacking fault structure of 9R-Si phase is formed at the surface of sc-Si and embedded in the Si matrix during the OTA process, which reveals the seamless interface of 9R-Si/sc-Si along with [1

1
¯

0] direction. Due to the high sub-bandgap light absorption and good crystal structure, the Si:Ti photodetector after NLA treatment with an energy density of 2.6 J cm−2 exhibited the highest responsivity, reaching 151 mA W−1 at 1550 nm even at a low operating voltage of 1 V. We assume the performance enhancement of NLA processed Si:Ti photodetectors can be attributed to two aspects, the one is NLA can reduce the recombination of photo-generated charge carriers in amorphous surface layer by improving crystallization, and the other is that NLA process can weaken the diffusion of titanium impurities due to the extremely rapid heating and cooling rates. This study presents prospects towards surface-structured silicon in infrared light detection.
Existence of traveling wave solutions for density-dependent diffusion competitive systems
Authors: Wang Yang , Lv Xuanyu , Liu Fan , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: August 2024

In this paper we are concerned with the existence of traveling wave solutions for two species competitive systems with density-dependent diffusion. Since the density-dependent diffusion is a kind of nonlinear diffusion and degenerates at the origin, the methods for proving the existence of traveling wave solutions for competitive systems with linear diffusion are invalid. To overcome the degeneracy of diffusion, we construct a nonlinear invariant region Ω near the origin. Then by using the method of phase plane analysis, we prove the existence of traveling wave solutions connecting the origin and the unique coexistence state, when the speed c is large than some positive value. In addition, when one species is density-dependent diffusive while the other is linear diffusive, via the change of variables and the central manifold theorem, we prove the existence of the minimal speed

c
∗

. And for

c
⩾

c
∗

, traveling wave solutions connecting the origin and the unique coexistence state still exist. In particular, when

c
=

c
∗

, we find that one component of the traveling wave solution is sharp type while the other component is smooth, which is a different phenomenon from linear diffusive systems and scalar equations.
Recompressing a freely-expanded ideal gas and violating the second law of thermodynamics
Authors: Reed B Cameron
Published: August 2024

A textbook example involving recompression of a freely-expanded ideal gas which leads to a violation of the second law of thermodynamics is examined. While the example is fundamentally correct, it is somewhat incomplete in its consideration of restoring all of the elements of the system to their initial conditions. The situation is examined in more detail in this paper.
Relative profile measurements in 1.5T MR-linacs: investigation of central axis deviations
Authors: Episkopakis Anastasios , Margaroni Vasiliki , Karaiskos Pantelis , Koutsouveli Efi , Marinos Nikolas , Pappas Eleftherios P
Published: August 2024

Objective. In 1.5 T MR-linacs, the absorbed dose central axis (CAX) deviates from the beam’s CAX due to inherent profile asymmetry. In addition, a measured CAX deviation may be biased due to potential lateral (to the beam) effective point of measurement (

EPO

M

L

) shifts of the detector employed. By investigating CAX deviations, the scope of this study is to determine a set of

EPO

M

L

shifts for profile measurements in 1.5 T MR-linacs. Approach. The Semiflex 3D ion chamber and microDiamond detector (PTW, Germany) were considered in the experimental study while three more detectors were included in the Monte Carlo (MC) study. CAX deviations in the crossline and inline profiles were calculated based on inflection points of the 10×10 cm2 field, at five centers. In MC simulations, the experimental setup was reproduced. A small water voxel was simulated to calculate CAX deviation without the impact of the detector-specific

EPO

M

L

shift. Main results. All measurements were consistent among the five centers. MC-based and experimental measurements were in agreement within uncertainties. Placing the microDiamond in the vertical orientation does not appear to affect the detector’s

EPO

M

L

, which is on its central longitudinal axis. For the Semiflex 3D in the crossline direction, the CAX deviation was 2.3 mm, i.e. 1 mm larger than the ones measured using the microDiamond and simulated considering the ideal water detector. Thus, an

EPO

M

L

shift of 1 mm is recommended for crossline profile measurements under both Semiflex 3D orientations. For the inline profile, an

EPO

M

L

shift of −0.5 mm was determined only for the parallel configuration. In the MC study, CAX deviations were found detector- and orientation-dependent. The dead volume is responsible for the

EPO

M

L

shift only in the inline profile and under the parallel orientation. Significance. This work contributes to data availability on the correction or mitigation of the magnetic field-induced changes in the detectors’ response.
A novel dual-gate negative capacitance TFET for highly sensitive label free biosensing
Authors: Maurya Ravindra Kumar , Debnath Radhe Gobinda , Yadav Ajeet Kumar , Bhowmick Brinda
Published: August 2024

The negative capacitance (NC) tunnel FET (NCTFET) emerges as a viable choice for the development of highly sensitive biosensors. A dual-gate (DG) structure and n+ doped pocket within the NCTFET is introduced in this study to boost biosensor performance and sensitivity. This research offers a comprehensive and comparative analysis of two biosensor designs: the DG-NCTFET and the n+ pocket-doped DG-NCTFET. Both biosensors feature nanogaps on either side of the fixed dielectric, augmenting their biomolecule capture areas. Sensitivity assessments are conducted considering charged and neutral biomolecules with a range of dielectric constants (k). The n+ pocket DG-NCTFET exhibits an I
ON sensitivity roughly 20 times greater than that of the sensor without a pocket (3.5 × 106 for n+ pocket DG-NCTFET and 1.8 × 105 for DG-NCTFET), primarily because it conducts current in both vertical and lateral directions. Furthermore, for fully filled nanocavity with neutral biomolecules, the maximum I
ON/I
OFF sensitivities attained are 1.2 × 105 and 2.8 × 104 for the n+ pocket DG-NCTFET and conventional DG-NCTFET, respectively. Moreover, this research delves into the impact of steric hindrance and the irregular placement of probes, aiming to grasp the non-ideal traits exhibited by the sensors. Significantly, sensitivity experiences a minimal increase of approximately 6%–11% when the fill factor escalates from 40% to 66%. In order to set a standard of comparison, the proposed biosensors are benchmarked against existing literature in terms of sensitivity, affirming their efficacy. The findings indicate that the proposed biosensors represent a promising alternative for detecting a wide range of both charged and neutral biomolecules.
Dual-mode flexible sensor based on magnetic film for wearable smart finger sleeve
Authors: Lin Guoheng , Weng Ling , Zhang Hui , Li Zhuolin , Hu Boyang , Meng Kai , Jiang Shengwang
Published: August 2024

Flexible tactile sensors are an important branch of wearable devices and have received extensive attention in areas such as human–computer interaction and health detection. However, some existing flexible wearable devices have the limitation of single detection quantity, so it is particularly important to study a multi-mode flexible tactile sensor. We designed a dual-mode tactile sensor with high sensitivity and wide measurement range. The sensor consists of a magnetic film in the top layer, a silicone elastomer in the middle layer, and a tunneling magnetoresistive element in the bottom layer. The experimental results show that the haptic sensor is capable of measuring static forces in the range of 0.05–18 N, and the sensitivity of the sensor to static forces increases and then decreases as the applied force increases. The maximum sensitivity was 396.4 mV N−1 in the range of 9–10 N. The tactile sensor was able to measure bending angle in the range of 1–60°. The bending angle sensitivity decreases as the applied bending angle increases, with a maximum sensitivity of 308.7 mV per 5° in the 0–5° range. The sensor has good dynamic performance, and after 1000 cyclic loading tests, the output voltage did not show any significant decrease, and the sensor response time and recovery time were 44 ms and 46 ms, respectively. This study lays a foundation for further research and development of various wearable devices and electronic skins.
Tunable stiffness Kirigami gripper based on shape memory polymer and supercoiled polymer artificial muscle for multi-mode grasping
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Peng , Liu Jia , Fu Yili , Shen Yang
Published: August 2024

In this article, a tunable stiffness soft gripper based on Kirigami structure and shape memory polymer (SMP) is proposed. The Kirigami gripper uses SMP as variable stiffness element and employs Nichrome heating wires laid inside the gripper as heating element. Due to the segmented layout of the heating wires, the gripper possesses segmented stiffness modulation capability. As a result, programmable deformation trajectories are achieved, enabling multi-mode grasping functionality by adjusting its bending shape to accommodate different object contours. Using the thermally activated supercoiled polymer artificial muscle as the actuator, the gripper can achieve a silent and pumpless actuation and whole robotic system can be compact. The gripper mainly offers three different grasping modes—pinching, wrapping and hooking, to meet the requirements of complex tasks. Experimental results show that the Kirigami gripper can achieve a 13 times stiffness variation within 16 s, and each Kirigami gripper with different heating patterns exhibits different trajectories during the deformation process, capable of adapting and locking its shape to objects with different contours during grasping.
Generation and edge-state transitions of pseudohelical edge state based on side potentials in graphene
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Liu Jun-Feng
Published: August 2024

Pseudohelical edge state (PHES) was proposed based on a staggered spin–orbit coupling (SOC) uniformly applied on graphene. In this work, we investigate the formation of the PHES and its edge-state transitions by the side potentials composed of a uniform SOC, an antiferromagnetic exchange field and a staggered electric field that are applied on the boundaries in zigzag graphene nanoribbon. The results reveal that the PHESs can also be achieved by the side potential of the antisymmetric uniform spin–orbit coupling, which is attributed to the fact that the opposite (same) sign of energies at the valleys

K

and

K
′

indicates the presence (absence) of the edge state. Based on this modulated mechanism, the PHES can be further transformed into two different types of the PHESs, spin-polarized antichiral edge states (AESs) and one-sided spin-polarized AESs, by modulating the applied direction and location of the side potentials. More strikingly, by utilizing these edge-state transitions, we propose a spin dual-channel or single-channel field-effect transistor that can be operated by a staggered electric field. Moreover, we confirm that the proposed transistor is robust against disorders, with the assistance of calculating the transmission.
Optical and electrical analysis of Rhodamine 110 chloride/PVA-PEG for smart and flexible optical sensor technology
Authors: Mohammed Mervat Ismail , Yahia Ibrahim S , Zahran H Y , Ganesh V , Zyoud Samer H , Shahwan Moyad , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Sh , Daher Malek G , Altarifi Saleh M
Published: August 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (90:10 wt%) polymeric nanocomposite films were prepared via a simple casting technique with Rhodamine 110 chloride (Rh-110) dye for optoelectronics with various weight ratio percentages (0, 0.06, 0.1,0.2, 0.4, 0.6 1.25, 2 and 4.0 wt%) of Rh-110 doped PVA/PEG polymeric blend composite films. The produced films have been studied with instruments like (XRD and FT-IR) spectroscopic methods, UV-visible-NIR spectrophotometer, and dielectric spectroscopy. The absorbance (Abs) and transmittance T(λ) were measured and analyzed. Absorption spectra in multiple bands are generated between 215 and 620 nm when Rh-110 is added to the PVA-PEG matrix, according to the examination of transmittance curves of Rh-110 /PVA-PEG. Rh-110/PVA-PEG has a transmittance CUT-OFF in the 200–550 nm wavelength range, making it ideal for He–Ne lasers with wavelengths of 532.8 nm. The optical properties of the Rh-110/PVA-PEG polymeric composite films were computed. Moss, Reddy, Anani, and Kumar-Singh relationships have been employed to determine the refractive index values of the materials. Analyses were performed on various electrical properties, including AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss. As a result, the synthesized Rh-110/PVA-PEG polymeric films may be used in various promising and practical optoelectronic applications, including lasers, optical filters, optical communication, light-emitting diodes, and optical switching.
Sufficient conditions on the continuous spectrum for ergodic Schrödinger operators
Authors: Silva Barbosa Pablo Blas Tupac , Álvarez Bilbao Rafael José
Published: August 2024

We investigate the spectral types of families of discrete one-dimensional Schrödinger operators

{

H

ω

}

ω
∈
Ω

, where each H

ω
has a potential function V

ω
(n) = f(T

n

ω) for

n
∈
Z

, T is an ergodic homeomorphism on a compact space Ω and

f
:
Ω
→
R

is a continuous function. The main analytical tool of the paper is Gordon’s lemma, of which we provide a complete proof. We demonstrate that a generic operator

H

ω

∈

{

H

ω

}

ω
∈
Ω

has purely continuous spectrum if

{

T

n

α
}

n
≥
0

is dense in Ω for a certain α ∈ Ω. Furthermore, we extend this result to the case where {Ω, T} satisfies topological repetition property, a concept introduced by Boshernitzan and Damanik (2008, [1]). Theorems presented in this paper weaken the hypotheses of previous research and enable us to reach the same conclusion as those authors. Our paper presents a comprehensive study of the topological and metric repetition properties, highlighting their binding role between the theory of dynamical systems and spectral theory. We also discuss the implications of these properties on the qualitative description of specific physical systems.
Adaptive fixed-time difference synchronization for different classes of chaotic dynamical systems
Authors: Shukla Vijay K , Joshi Mahesh C , Mishra Prashant K , Xu Changjin
Published: August 2024

This article examines adaptive fixed-time difference synchronization for various classes of chaotic dynamical systems. The adaptive fixed-time control technique has been used in this article to investigate the difference synchronization for the Sprott chaotic system, both with and without delay. The fixed settling time (T) has been estimated successfully. It is also shown that the trajectories of error states approach to the origin within a fixed time (T). The theoretical analysis is validated by simulating Sprott chaotic systems both with and without delay. On the other hand, various nonlinear chaotic systems are explored for difference synchronization in discrete chaotic systems. Several chaotic maps, including Tinkerbell, Henon, and Hitzl-Zele, have been used to achieve synchronization in these discrete systems. The numerical results are presented graphically, verifying the theoretical outcomes of difference synchronization for various classes of chaotic dynamical systems.
Iron nanoparticles supported on graphene nanosheets by pulsed laser ablation method in deionized water
Authors: Motallebi Aghkonbad Ehsan , Jafari Akbar , Motallebi Aghgonbad Maryam
Published: August 2024

In this study, pulsed laser ablation process (PLA) in deionized water solution was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, wustite (FeO) nanoparticles and GO based FeO nanoparticles. The effect of composition ratio of materials on their optical properties was studied. The structural properties of the materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. According to the TEM results, FeO nanoparticles were well deposited on GO nanosheets. The XRD results demonstrated the formation of Fe and wustite (FeO) phase of iron oxide nanoparticles. In the XRD analysis of graphene sample, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were identified. The absorption measurement of the samples in colloidal state was performed using a UV–vis single beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 250 to 800 nm. The higher and the lower absorbance belonged to 1.4 ml GO − 0.6 ml FeO composition and GO nanosheets, respectively. The linear optical properties of the samples, including the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient were calculated using the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) method. Leng oscillator was used as the optical model in SE method. Also, the energy band gap of the samples was calculated using Tauc relation, in which the lower and the higher energy band gaps were obtained for GO nanosheets (3.40 eV) and FeO nanoparticles (4.65 eV), respectively. Furthermore, the nonlinear optical properties of GO based FeO nanoparticles were investigated by Z-scan measurement. The nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient were obtained in the order of 10−8 cm2 W−1 and 10–4 cm W−1, respectively.
Exact wave solutions of truncated M-fractional Boussinesq-Burgers system via an effective method
Authors: Junjua Moin-ud-Din , Altaf Shazia , Alderremy A A , Mahmoud Emad E
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present distinct types of exact wave soliton solutions of an important fluid flow dynamic system called the truncated M-fractional (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear Boussinesq-Burgers system (BBS). This model is used to explain ocean waves, matter-wave pulses, waves in ferromagnetic media, the proliferation of waves in shallow water, etc. We transform the nonlinear fractional system into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by using a fractional transformation to obtain dark, bright, singular, dark-bright, dark-singular, bright-singular and periodic type solitons solutions by employing the modified extended tanh function method (METhFM). The use of fractional derivatives makes the solutions different from the existing solutions. The obtained results are useful in the optical fibers, fluid dynamics, ocean engineering and other related fields. To visualize the system’s behavior, some of the solutions are represented by two- and three-dimensional graphs which are obtained and verified with the help of Mathematica. The achieved results provide a better understanding of the behavior of the nonlinear fractional partial differential equations and the dynamics of BBS, which are not present in the literature and are helpful in future studies of the concerned system.
Weak lensing of strong lensing: beyond the tidal regime
Authors: Duboscq Théo , Hogg Natalie B. , Fleury Pierre , Larena Julien
Published: August 2024

The analysis of strong lensing images usually involves an external convergence and shear, which are meant to model the effect of perturbations along the line of sight, on top of the main lens. Such a description of line-of-sight perturbations supposes that the corresponding gravitational fields can be treated in the tidal regime. Going one step further introduces additional effects, known as flexion, which have been hitherto neglected in strong lensing. In this work, we build a minimal model for the line-of-sight flexion, which adds four new complex parameters to the lens model. Contrary to convergence and shear, the line-of-sight flexion cannot be projected onto the main lens plane. For a ΛCDM cosmology, we predict the typical line-of-sight flexion to be on the order of 10-3 arcsec-1 on galactic scales. Neglecting its effect in lens modelling is found to bias the recovery of other parameters; in particular, the line-of-sight shear can be biased up to 2σ. Accounting for the line-of-sight flexion in our minimal framework restores accuracy, at the cost of degrading precision. With current imaging capabilities, the line-of-sight flexion is unlikely to be measurable on individual strong lensing images; it must therefore be considered a nuisance parameter rather than an observable in its own right.
Cosmic shear with small scales: DES-Y3, KiDS-1000 and HSC-DR1
Authors: García-García Carlos , Zennaro Matteo , Aricò Giovanni , Alonso David , Angulo Raul E.
Published: August 2024

We present a cosmological analysis of the combination of the DES-Y3, KiDS-1000 and HSC-DR1 weak lensing samples under a joint harmonic-space pipeline making use of angular scales down to ℓmax=4500, corresponding to significantly smaller scales (δθ ~ 2.4') than those commonly used in cosmological weak lensing studies. We are able to do so by accurately modelling non-linearities and the impact of baryonic effects usingBaccoemu. We findS8≡σ8√(Ωm/0.3) = 0.795+0.015-0.017, in relatively good agreement with CMB constraints fromPlanck(less than ~1.8σtension), although we obtain a low value of Ωm=0.212+0.017-0.032, in tension withPlanckat the ~3σ level. We show that this can be recast as an H0tension if one parametrises the amplitude of fluctuations and matter abundance in terms of variables without hidden dependence on H0. Furthermore, we find that this tension reduces significantly after including a prior on the distance-redshift relationship from BAO data, without worsening the fit. In terms of baryonic effects, we show that failing to model and marginalise over them on scalesℓ≲ 2000 does not significantly affect the posterior constraints for DES-Y3 and KiDS-1000, but has a mild effect on deeper samples, such as HSC-DR1. This is in agreement with our ability to only mildly constrain the parameters of the Baryon Correction Model with these data.