bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicine, wine, terminology and translation
(German-Spanish)
Authors: Sánchez Alba Montes
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to study the terminology of the wine language in
the context of traditional medicine from a translational perspective. The
treatment of medical terminology, as well as its translation into Spanish,
involves exceptional difficulty due to the level of specialization of this
field. In doing so, the professional specialised in medical translation
works with a highly specialized language, composed of broad-ranging set of
technical terms. Subjected constantly to scientific updating, these terms
are conditioned by the influence of other languages, as their long-lived
Greco-Latin roots or the current English-speaking influence in health
science. Likewise, wine consumption has a deep-rooted relationship with
medicine, given its healing properties granted by traditional medicine
throughout history and which nowadays also includes scientific medicine.
Therefore, using research scientific documents, some aspects of the wine’s
lexicon are analysed in this article, with the principal objective of
proposing a translation from German to Spanish of the term and its context,
rethinking the relevance of its correct treatment.
The translation of cultural references of Spanish wines in English
websites
Authors: Moreno Paz María del Carmen
Published: October 2023

The wine sector in Spain constitutes an important source of
income and depends largely on foreign trade. As it will be shown in the
following paper, cultural references are often used to render commercial
texts about wine more appealing, creating a certain image of Spain abroad.
Thus, an analysis of three texts from an English commercial website will be
carried out, in order to observe the translation procedures used to transfer
realia related to wine to approach Spanish wine culture
to a British English audience. This will eventually allow us to determine
the best translation procedures for cultural references in this type of
texts, which could in turn be useful for commercial texts produced in Spain
that need to be translated in English.
Wine terminology for interpreters
Authors: Mezcua Aurora Ruiz
Published: October 2023

The main objective of this work is to analyse interpretation
research skills in the wine sector from a pedagogical approach. Our
research demonstrates the importance of carefully planning an interpretation
assignment in advance. We focus on anticipating the working conditions,
duration, type of work, techniques, who the speaker is, facilities and
equipment for the interpretation event, etc. But we also highlight the
importance of using the appropriate resources. Bearing this in mind, in this
chapter, we provide a full range of resources and interpretation tools that
can be used when preparing an interpretation assignment which takes place in
the oenological sector. Thus, the last aim of this work is to serve as a
guide for those interpretation students or teachers who are willing to break
into wine culture.
Square-root parametrization of dark energy in f(Q) cosmology
Authors: Koussour M , Myrzakulov N , Alfedeel Alnadhief H A , Hassan E I , Sofuoğlu D , M Mirgani Safa
Published: October 2023

This paper is a parametrization of the equation of state (EoS) parameter of dark energy (DE), which is parameterized using square-root (SR) form i.e.

ω
SR

=

ω
0

+

ω
1

z

z
2

+
1

, where ω
0 and ω
1 are free constants. This parametrization is examined in the context of the recently suggested f(Q) gravity theory as an alternative to general relativity (GR), in which gravitational effects are attributed to the non-metricity scalar Q with the functional form f(Q) = Q + α
Q

n
, where α and n are arbitrary constants. We derive observational constraints on model parameters using the Hubble dataset with 31 data points and the Supernovae (SNe) dataset from the Pantheon samples compilation dataset with 1048 data points. For the current model, the evolution of the deceleration parameter, density parameter, EoS for DE, and Om(z) diagnostic have all been investigated. It has been shown that the deceleration parameter favors the current accelerated expansion phase. It has also been shown that the EoS parameter for DE has a quintessence nature at this time.
Mitigating loose rock fall and cavity formation in Adit-2 tunnel of Rammam III hydroelectric project in Himalayas, India: Challenges and Solutions.
Authors: Upadhyay S , Kaushal V , Baishya D , Bhakat S K
Published: October 2023

The turbulent geological history of “The Himalayas” arguably poses the most challenging ground conditions than anywhere in the world for underground excavations works. Cavity formation, loose fall, rock busting, high ingress of water and squeezing ground conditions are common phenomenon that encountered along tunnel profile in Himalayas. The Rammam III Hydroelectric Project, situated in Sikkim Himalayan belt lies in Main Crystalline Thrust zone (MCT) and is facing its fair share of Geological challenges during the underground excavation process.

The primary objective of the Rammam Stage-III Hydro Electric Project is to generate 120 MW power through 8.2 km of HRT (Head Race Tunnel).

Excavation of the Adit-2 to HRT has been challenging because of its proximity to the Jhepi Khola, a fault-incised stream. The tunnel’s progress was impeded by various obstructions of small and large magnitude caused by several sympathetic shears along joints and other geological complexities.

This paper will focus on the challenges faced in mitigating loose rock falls, cavity formation in Adit-2 from RD 312.0m to 320.0 m. To address the issue, an effective excavation philosophy known as DRESS (Drainage-Reinforcement-Excavation-Support-Solution) was adopted. The solution proposed is highly effective in addressing water-bearing issues in the Himalayas.

The treatment method adopted not only achieved the desired level of safety and smooth construction progress, but also provides a valuable reference for future similar cases of loose fall and cavity formations.
Deriving a p-y curve from lateral pile load tests – Case studies in alluvial OC clays
Authors: Arafianto Aflizal , Wijaya Martin
Published: October 2023

Estimating lateral pile capacity is one of the most typical works for geotechnical engineers. Although it has been a routine calculation, obtaining reliable results is still challenging, especially when the ground condition is unfamiliar. Fortunately, the lateral pile capacity prediction can be performed by deriving a p-y curve from the load-deformation curve measured during pile testing. In cases where a preliminary test pile exists, fortunately, the p-y curve can be generated easily using a subgrade reaction approach suggested by Davisson and Gill (1963). Two lateral pile load test results were used to show the prospect of this method for practical applications. The field tests were on driven and bored piles with different diameters and lengths embedded in alluvial OC clays at two different sites in Jakarta, Indonesia, where both piles were categorised as long piles. Derivation of p-y curves was performed with a simple spreadsheet. Then, the obtained p-y response was used to estimate the load-deformation curve. Results showed that the back-calculated curve agree well with the measured data. This outcome might be because the p-y curves were directly derived from the field test where the pile experienced in-situ stress, resulting in a more representative of the actual condition.
Subsurface Characterization of Malaysian Hemic Peat and Soft Clays Using CPTu and MASW
Authors: Zainorabidin A. , Basri K. , Salikin A. , Zainal M.J. , Ang K. A. , Wassenaar E. , Rahardjo P. P. , Nazir R.
Published: October 2023

Geotechnical engineers practice a variety of in-situ investigation techniques to comprehensively characterize peat soil properties. Peat soil is a challenging soil characterized by its high water content, organic content, and low strength, making its geotechnical properties difficult to assess accurately. High water saturation and the presence of fresh fibres in peat also risk sample disturbance in collecting undisturbed peat soil samples which causes underestimation. An In-situ test known as the Cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement (CPTu) was investigated to measure the cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), and pore water pressure (u2) at various depths. In parallel, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) was employed to determine the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile of the peat soil. The findings revealed that CPTu and MASW data were able to delineate the soil stratigraphy and estimate the peat thickness. However, the presence of fresh fibres in peat causes overestimation of the qc and fs values, causing difficulties in accurately determining the peat strength. Overall, the combination of CPTu and MASW data offered a comprehensive understanding of the peat’s geotechnical and dynamic characteristics. The findings have significant implications for engineering practices and ultimately contribute to safer and more resilient construction projects in challenging peat soil environments.
Effect of Curing Time on Compressive Strength Performance of Coconut Shell Charcoal Ash (CSCA) and Fly Ash Stabilized Peat Soil
Authors: Md Yusof Z , Moksin H , Zainorabidin A , Talib M K Abu , Md Dan M F , Pakir F , Noh N Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Peat soils are considered problematic soils and unstable for engineering projects due to geotechnical problems such as high compressibility and poor shear strength. Peatland could be an alternative to future development due to a lack of suitable and pricey land. Stabilization of the peat soil should be done before construction to improve its engineering features. The influence of curing time on the compressive strength performance of Coconut Shell Charcoal Ash (CSCA) with fly ash to stabilized peat is presented in this research. Some engineering variables including physical and mechanical properties were examined. The modified stabilized peat soils were made by adding various amounts of CSCA to the dry weight of the peat soil, ranging from 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%, while fly ash constant 10%. The treated samples were cured for 0, 7, 14, and 28 days to see how curing affected the results. The results show that when the amount of CSCA with fly ash applied to the peat soil samples increased, the compressive strength also increased. On the other hand, showed that as the amount of CSCA with a constant fly ash content and the curing duration increased, so did the unconfined compressive strength test. The result shows that the addition of CSCA with fly ash into the mixture helps to stabilize and improve the strength of the soil.
Land suitability study for the development of rice production in Moruku Village, Papua Pegunungan Province to support food security
Authors: Untari  , Parjono
Published: October 2023

Yahukimo Regency is one of the districts in Papua Island which has high food insecurity. The staple food of the local community is generally tubers. However, changing consumption patterns from tubers to rice is one of the challenges and problems for local governments to ensure the sustainability and safety of food ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical and physical quality of the soil in the area of food crop cultivation development, as well as engineering recommendations for the development of rice cultivation technology based on the results of soil quality analysis in the study area. The research was conducted in Dekai District, Yahukimo Regency using a descriptive qualitative research approach using an experimental method. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the soil was carried out at the Bogor ICBB Laboratory. The results showed that the organic C content in the soil was included in class S1, meaning it was suitable for rice cultivation. However, the level of acidity and indications of levels of Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) are very high. While the results of nutrient analysis available on the parameters Total N, P2O5 and K2O are all included in class S1, meaning that the nutrients available in the soil are suitable for the development of lowland rice cultivation. For this reason, it is suggested that technological engineering be carried out, namely with a soil washing system on agricultural land, applying dolomite lime, using organic fertilizers, and selecting varieties that have a level of adaptation and tolerance to high acidity. What is novel in this study is the chemical and physical properties of the soil which can be further identified as an effort to determine the potential for new natural resources in the research area.
The potential application of photocatalytic processes in the processing of wastewater in the leather industry: A Review
Authors: Yusuf Mega Ayu , Agustina Lya
Published: October 2023

The leather industry is an industry that is not environmentally friendly. This is due to the large amount of solid and liquid waste produced. In every processing of 1 ton of raw skin into leather it takes about 50-150 liters of water and about 300 kg of chemicals. The chemicals commonly used in the production process are chromium, sulfate, sodium sulfate, lime, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde, pigments, dyes, and antifungal agents. These chemicals make the intensity of the poison produced per unit of output high. In Indonesia, chromium is a tanning agent that is widely used because it is cheap, the tanning process is fast, and it produces stable leather. Disposing of leather tannery wastewater directly without prior treatment can cause serious environmental problems due to the high content of COD, BOD, chromium and dyes. Leather industry wastewater contains around 500-1000 ppm chromium (VI). Several efforts to treat Cr(VI) waste that have been carried out, such as chemical reduction, ion exchange, adsorption with coal or activated carbon and reduction with the help of bacteria have weaknesses, namely the need for very high energy and/or very large amounts of chemicals. This weakness makes the photocatalytic method more prospective and superior for application. This paper was created to briefly review the environmental risks posed by the leather tanning industry, especially Cr(VI) waste, as well as the potential for the application of a photocatalytic process to remove these pollutant parameters.
Adaptation of soybean varieties on teak shaded land in Grobogan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Setiapermas M N , Hartoyo B , Samijan  , Sahara D , Triastono J , Oelviani R
Published: October 2023

One of the efforts to increase soybean production is to increase the planted area under tree stands by paying attention to shade tolerant varieties. The experiment was carried out in Grobogan, Central Java in October-December 2019. The study was done using Factorial Completely Randomized Block Design. The first factor was teak shading i.e. under teak stands aged 1-2 years, teak aged 3-4 years and teak aged ≥ 5 years and the second factor was soybean varieties i.e. Dena 1 and Anjasmoro. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results of statistical analysis showed that the shade of teak trees had a significant effect on the number of productive branches at the age of 8 weeks after planting. Soybean plants under the shade of teak aged 1-2 years formed the highest root nodules and were significantly different from those planted under the shade of teak aged 3-4 years and shaded teak aged 5 years. The Anjasmoro variety planted under the shade of 1-2 years old teak produced the highest number of pods of 64 pods/plant. The lowest number of pods was indicated by the Dena 1 variety planted under teak stands aged 5 years (12 pods/plant).
Farmer preference for marginal land use and their impact on soil quality
Authors: Zainuddin R , Widjajanto D , Rahman A , Gailea R , Sufyan  , Mutmainnah
Published: October 2023

Changes in forest land use into dry lands have become a concern of the global community because of environmental damage. The research objectives were to determine land use priority for agricultural development and its impact on soil quality. The research was conducted in Baras District, Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi. The socio-economic survey was conducted using a focus group discussion technique. Stratified soil surveys were carried out on priority land uses. Analysis of the physicochemical properties of soil was carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako. Support for the development of farmer institutions, ease of product marketing, financial benefits for farming, and the availability of quality seeds are the dominant factors influencing people’s preference for the priority of developing oil palm farming. Respectively, Soil quality indexes in oil palm blocks aged 3 years, 6 years, and 24 years were 0.5584 (moderate), 0.3072 (slightly poor), and 0.4362 (moderate). Soil quality decreased early in plant growth up to 6 years of age, but improved with effective soil organic carbon management up to 24 years of age.
Do entrepreneurial characteristics have an impact on business performance? A case in micro, small and medium enterprises of palm sugar in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sari N M W , Yanuartati B Y E , Ayu C. , Widiyanti N M N Z , Mulyani L F
Published: October 2023

This study researches aims to analyse the effect of entreperenurial characteristics towards the business performance of palm sugar MSMEs in the West Lombok Regency. In this research, entrepreneurial characteristics consist of individual and psychological characteristics; whereas entrepreneurial competencies consist of managerial skill, conceptual skill, social skill, decision making skill and time managerial skill; finally, business performance indicators consist of profit and sales volume. This research used Warp-PLS 8.0 software with a structural equations model. A questionnaire was given to 100 respondents who have palm sugar MSMEs. The result showed that both individual and psychological entrepreneurial characteristics positively influenced business performace. These findings are importance for government to know the increase the performance of palm sugar MSMEs in West Nusa Tenggara.
Evaluation of the revision of spatial planning for flood due to land and climate changes in Soppeng Regency
Authors: Nursaputra Munajat , Barkey Roland A. , Setiawan Achmad , Darwis Widian Fitrawulan , Rijal Syamsu , A Chairil , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Nasri  , Siady Hamzah A , Ayuba Sri Rahayu , Fa’iq Muhammad , Anila Chaeria
Published: October 2023

The follow-up to reviewing the Regional Spatial Planning in Soppeng Regency indicated that the spatial planning could have been better, so an improvement process was carried out. Changes in spatial use and disaster vulnerability are factors in the need to rearrange spatial patterns. The exposure of environmental conditions in Soppeng to hydrometeorological disasters is inseparable from the condition of the area, which is located downstream of several watersheds originating from the surrounding area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the revision of the Soppeng spatial pattern for flood events due to land and climate change. This research was conducted based on the ecological boundary conditions of the watershed that affected, where the method used was based on several stages, namely: Land use change analysis using LanduseSim software to project land cover changes, Analysis of climate change using Sibias software to project rainfall and temperature conditions according to the projected period for regional planning, Analysis of flood discharge and drought hazard is processed using the SWAT and Hec-Ras models. Based on the research, it was obtained that the occurrence of floods in the study area occurred in several places with a percentage of 24% of the total area, respectively. After analyzing a revision of the existing spatial pattern, several directions for cultivation areas have a high level of disaster vulnerability. The directions for the affected areas include agricultural and other development areas, such as residential areas. So based on the results of this study, consideration is needed for areas with high flood vulnerability because disaster-related considerations need to be considered in changes to the spatial layout of the Soppeng area.
Spatial metrics of deforestation in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Rijal Syamsu , Malamassam Daud , Nursaputra Munajat , A Chairil
Published: October 2023

Climate change has become an environmental issue that has received the most attention because it affects all aspects of life. One of the factors causing climate change is deforestation which continues to occur, especially in tropical countries like Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that has a high rate of deforestation that occurs in large islands including the island of Sulawesi as the Wallacea Region. Central Sulawesi Province has had the largest area of deforestation among other provinces on Sulawesi Island in the last three decades (1990-2020). Analysis of the rate of deforestation using the Geographic Information System shows that the highest deforestation rate occurred in Palu City at 2.16% (1990-2020), even in the last decade (2010-2020) the rate of deforestation was 3.31%. After that, it was followed by Banggai Islands Regency at 0.17%, while other districts were at rates below 0.1% (1990-2020). Palu City and Banggai Islands Regency are also a concern, further information after the rate of deforestation is the pattern of deforestation which is described through three metrics, namely Clumpiness Index, Contiguity Mean Index, and Patch Density which describes fragmentation using Fragstat software. Palu City has a clustered deforestation pattern and is entirely connected to each deforested area, but it has lower fragmentation. Banggai Islands District has fairly clustered deforestation, but does not have low connectivity between deforested areas, and tends not to be fragmented. Dealing with deforestation incidents in Palu City as a whole land area, and Banggai Islands Regency as a separate land area is different.
Miu sub-watershed: Flood vulnerability assessment using spatial model
Authors: Muis H , Santi N A , Toknok B , Baharuddin R F , Hamzari H
Published: October 2023

Frequent floods and droughts, which cause significant material and intangible losses, are a result of watershed destruction especially in Central Sulawesi. Flash floods have been a common occurrence in portions of Central Sulawesi in recent years, and Miu Sub-watershed is one of those watersheds. Both the material and non-material effects were fairly significant, especially for the local population. The biophysical conditions of the area must be known in order to identify flood target areas and flood causes. The application of Geographic Information Systems is the technique used to assess floods. This study’s objective is a spatial examination of the Miu sub-watershed flood susceptibility. Flood-prone areas are analyzed using a variety of techniques, including overlaying, categorization, scoring, weighting, and modeling. The three types of flood danger classes are non-prone, medium, and prone. The Miu sub-watershed region has an area with a flood hazard class for the non-prone category of 64,255.173 ha, a medium category of 57,909.003 ha, and a vulnerable category of 4,838.917 ha. Bangga Village in Dolo Selatan Sub-district, Tuva Village in Gumbasa Sub-district, and Bolapapu Village in Kulawi Sub-district are the Miu Das regions with the widest category of high flood threat.
Impact of Coastal Reclamation on Seagrass Habitat in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Tis’in Musayyadah , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Mashoreng Supriadi , Faizal Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Coastal development by conducting reclamation for various uses, for example port construction and operations, is a growing threat to coastal ecosystems including seagrass meadows. For several decades, reclamation for coastal development in Palu Bay has included port construction or extension of single-purpose privately owned port facilities as well as public shipping ports. In addition, reclamation was carried out to provide land for the construction of hotels, housing, recreational areas and coastal protection. The majority of private port terminals are owned by mining companies exporting rock and aggregate from around Palu Bay. There are many quarries in the mountains along the western coast of Palu Bay, and alluvial materials around several rivers along the eastern shore are also exploited. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of reclamation on seagrass habitat in Palu Bay, especially the private ports, which the dominant reclamation purposes conducted in this area. This study found about 66 ports around Palu Bay, the majority privately owned by mining companies operating in Palu City and Donggala Regency. The effects of reclamation include reduced seagrass habitat and decreased water quality.
The effect of compost on the growth of forest plants in the gold mine tailings of PT. Kasongan Bumi Kencana, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Putir PE , Wahyudi  , Winarti S , Sosilawaty
Published: October 2023

Mining activities is consequence of development which will result in ex-mining land, causes of environmental changes include chemical, physical and biological. Physically, the land is damaged, the top soil layer become sand, gravel and granite. Chemically, land not longer provide nutrients for plant growth. Biologically, the less of microorganisms especially decomposers. Revegetation is an effort to improve mine land to increase biodiversity, restore landscape aesthetics, control erosion and runoff. The aims of this study to determine the potential growth of Shorea balangeran, Combertocarpus rotundatus, Melaleuca cajuputi and Alstonia scholaris by applying compost to a gold mine’s Tailing Storage Facility (TSF); 7 year (Mirah 1) and 1 year (Mirah 2). The results of the study on TSF Mirah 1, the percentage of growth M. cajuputi and A. Scholaris was 100%, the highest average height and diameter was M. Cajuputi (MeanH+SD-H) 166.70 + 32.16 cm and (MeanD+SD-D) 1.35 + 0.62 cm. The TSF Mirah 2, the percentage of growth S. balangeran and A. Scholaris was 100%, the highest average height was M. cajuputi (MeanH+SD) 137.30 + 23.43 cm and the highest average diameter was A. scholaris (MeanD+SD-D) 1.23 + 0.38 cm.
Fast neural network inference on FPGAs for triggering on long-lived particles at colliders
Authors: Coccaro Andrea , Armando Di Bello Francesco , Giagu Stefano , Rambelli Lucrezia , Stocchetti Nicola
Published: October 2023

Experimental particle physics demands a sophisticated trigger and acquisition system capable to efficiently retain the collisions of interest for further investigation. Heterogeneous computing with the employment of FPGA cards may emerge as a trending technology for the triggering strategy of the upcoming high-luminosity program of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN In this context, we present two machine-learning algorithms for selecting events where neutral long-lived particles decay within the detector volume studying their accuracy and inference time when accelerated on commercially available Xilinx FPGA accelerator cards. The inference time is also confronted with a CPU- and GPU-based hardware setup. The proposed new algorithms are proven efficient for the considered benchmark physics scenario and their accuracy is found to not degrade when accelerated on the FPGA cards. The results indicate that all tested architectures fit within the latency requirements of a second-level trigger farm and that exploiting accelerator technologies for real-time processing of particle-physics collisions is a promising research field that deserves additional investigations, in particular with machine-learning models with a large number of trainable parameters.
CDK signaling via nonconventional CDK phosphorylation sites
Authors: Valk Ervin , Örd Mihkel , Faustova Ilona , Loog Mart
Published: October 2023

Since the discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), it has been perceived as a dogma that CDK signaling in the cell cycle is mediated via targeting the CDK consensus sites: the optimal and the minimal motifs S/T-P-x-K/R and S/T-P, respectively. However, more recent evidence suggests that often the CDK phosphorylation events of regulatory importance are mediated via nonconventional CDK sites that lack the required +1Pro of the consensus site motif. In these cases, the loss of specificity seems to be compensated via distant docking interactions facilitated by 1) phosphorylated priming sites binding to phospho-adaptor Cks1 and/or 2) cyclin-specific docking interactions via Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs) in substrates. This Perspective discusses the possible reasons why nonconventional CDK sites are used for CDK signaling. First, the nonconventional CDK sites can act as specificity filters to recognize and distinguish the CDK signal from many other proline-directed kinases in cells. Second, the nonconventional CDK sites in combination with the docking mechanisms provide a much wider range of phosphorylation rates, and thus, also a wider range of CDK thresholds during the accumulation and decline of CDK activity during the cell cycle. As a large number of Cks1-dependent nonconventional CDK sites have been discovered recently, past studies focusing on mutating only the consensus sites should likely be critically reexamined. It is also very likely that phosphorylation of nonconventional sites is crucial in many other kinase-signaling networks.
Valganciclovir modulates the tumor necrosis factor axis molecules expression and CD4+ T-cell subsets in disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma patients
Authors: Ramon-Luing Lucero A , Flores-Gonzalez Julio , Angel García-Rojas Luis , Islas-Muñoz Beda , Volkow-Fernández Patricia , Chavez-Galan Leslie
Published: October 2023

Valganciclovir (VGC) was used in a randomized clinical trial in patients with disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma/human immunodeficiency virus (DKS/HIV) as add-on therapy to evaluate the proinflammatory axis tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRs) in T cells. Two treatment schedules were used: an experimental regime (ER) and a conventional treatment (CT). Mononuclear cells from patients with DKS/HIV were obtained at baseline (W0), 4 (W4), and 12 weeks (W12). Ten DKS/HIV patients received CT (antiretroviral therapy [cART]) and 10 ER (valganciclovir [VGC] initially, plus cART at the fourth week). HIV+ without KS and HIV− patient groups were included as controls. Correlation between T-cell subsets and HHV-8 viral load (VL) and a multivariate linear regression was performed. Data showed that DKS/HIV patients have an increased frequency of CD8+ T cells, which display a high density of CD8 expression. The ER scheme increases naïve and central memory CD4+ T cells at W4 and W12 of follow-up and induces a balanced distribution of activated CD4+ T-cell subsets. Moreover, ER decreases solTNFR2 since W4 and CT decreased the transmembrane forms of TNF axis molecules. Although CT induces a positive correlation between HHV-8 VL and TNFRs, the use of ER positively correlates with TNF and TNFRs levels through follow-up and a moderate correlation with HHV-8 VL and TNF soluble levels. In conclusion, VGC, as an add-on therapy in DKS/HIV patients, gradually modulates the activation of CD4+ T-cell subsets and the TNF/TNFRs axis, suggesting a better regulation of the inflammatory status.
Butyl succinate-mediated control of Bacillus velezensis ce 100 for apple anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Hwang Seo Hyun , Maung Chaw Ei Htwe , Noh Jun Su , Cho Jeong-Yong , Kim Kil Yong
Published: October 2023

Aims

Microbial biocontrol agents have become an effective option to mitigate the harmfulness of chemical pesticides in recent years. This study demonstrates the control efficacy of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 on the anthracnose causal agent, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Methods and results

In vitro antifungal assays revealed that the culture filtrate and volatile organic compounds of B. velezensis CE 100 strongly restricted the mycelial development of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, a bioactive compound, butyl succinate, was isolated from the n-butanol crude extract of B. velezensis CE 100 (bce), and identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization hybrid ion-trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Treatment with purified butyl succinate at a concentration of 300 μg mL−1 strongly controlled conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 98.66%, whereas butyl succinate at a concentration of 400 μg mL−1 showed weak antifungal action on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate of 31.25%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphologies of butyl succinate-treated hyphae and conidia of C. gloeosporioides were severely deformed with shriveled and wrinkled surfaces. Furthermore, butyl succinate was able to control carbendazim-resistant C. gloeosporioides, demonstrating that it could be a promising agent for the suppression of other carbendazim-resistant fungal pathogens. An in vivo biocontrol assay demonstrated that the strain ce 100 broth culture and butyl succinate showed higher control efficacy on apple anthracnose than bce.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insight into the antifungal potential of B. velezensis  ce 100 and its butyl succinate for efficient control of phytopathogenic fungi, such as C. gloeosporiodes, in plant disease protection. This is the first study to demonstrate the antifungal potential of bacteria-derived butyl succinate for control of C. gloeosporioides.
Artificial Intelligence Decision Support for Triple-Negative Breast Cancers on Ultrasound
Authors: Coffey Kristen , Aukland Brianna , Amir Tali , Sevilimedu Varadan , Saphier Nicole B , Mango Victoria L
Published: October 2023

Objective

To assess performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software in assessing and recommending biopsy of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) on US.

Methods

Retrospective institutional review board–approved review identified patients diagnosed with TNBC after US-guided biopsy between 2009 and 2019. Artificial intelligence output for TNBCs on diagnostic US included lesion features (shape, orientation) and likelihood of malignancy category (benign, probably benign, suspicious, and probably malignant). Artificial intelligence true positive was defined as suspicious or probably malignant and AI false negative (FN) as benign or probably benign. Artificial intelligence and radiologist lesion feature agreement, AI and radiologist sensitivity and FN rate (FNR), and features associated with AI FNs were determined using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test of independence, and kappa statistics.

Results

The study included 332 patients with 345 TNBCs. Artificial intelligence and radiologists demonstrated moderate agreement for lesion shape and orientation (k = 0.48 and k = 0.47, each P <.001). On the set of examinations using 6 earlier diagnostic US, radiologists recommended biopsy of 339/345 lesions (sensitivity 98.3%, FNR 1.7%), and AI recommended biopsy of 333/345 lesions (sensitivity 96.5%, FNR 3.5%), including 6/6 radiologist FNs. On the set of examinations using immediate prebiopsy diagnostic US, AI recommended biopsy of 331/345 lesions (sensitivity 95.9%, FNR 4.1%). Artificial intelligence FNs were more frequently oval (q < 0.001), parallel (q < 0.001), circumscribed (q = 0.04), and complex cystic and solid (q = 0.006).

Conclusion

Artificial intelligence accurately recommended biopsies for 96% to 97% of TNBCs on US and may assist radiologists in classifying these lesions, which often demonstrate benign sonographic features.
Emotion recognition in relation to tumor characteristics in patients with low-grade glioma
Authors: Siebenga Femke F , van der Weide Hiska L , Gelmers Floor , Rakers Sandra E , Kramer Miranda C A , van der Hoorn Anouk , Enting Roelien H , Bosma Ingeborg , Groen Rob J M , Jeltema Hanne-Rinck , Wagemakers Michiel , Spikman Jacoba M , Buunk Anne M
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG) treated with surgery, generally function well and have a favorable prognosis. However, LGG can affect neurocognitive functioning. To date, little is known about social cognition (SC) in these patients, although impaired SC is related to social-behavioral problems and poor societal participation. Frontal brain areas are important for SC and LGG frequently have a frontal location. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether emotion recognition, a key component of SC, was impaired, and related to general cognition, tumor location, laterality, tumor volume, and histopathological characteristics in patients with LGG, postsurgery, and before start of adjuvant therapy.

Methods

A total of 121 patients with LGG were matched with 169 healthy controls (HC). Tumor location [including (frontal) subregions; insula, anterior cingulate cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), orbitofrontal-ventromedial PFC] and tumor volume were determined on MRI scans. Emotion recognition was measured with the Ekman 60 faces test of the Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests (FEEST).

Results

Patients with LGG performed significantly lower on the FEEST than HC, with 33.1% showing impairment compared to norm data. Emotion recognition was not significantly correlated to frontal tumor location, laterality, and histopathological characteristics, and significantly but weakly with general cognition and tumor volume.

Conclusions

Emotion recognition is impaired in patients with LGG but not (strongly) related to specific tumor characteristics or general cognition. Hence, measuring SC with individual neuropsychological assessment of these patients is crucial, irrespective of tumor characteristics, to inform clinicians about possible impairments, and consequently offer appropriate care.
Sustaining digital health systems through key stakeholders engagement: a critical systems heuristics perspective
Authors: Godage Prabhadini , Siribaddana Pandula , Hewapathirana Roshan
Published: October 2023

Evaluating the sustainability of a digital health system implemented in large-scale hospitals in a country is a complex scenario because it must obtain the sustainability requirements of a wide range of stakeholder groups consisting of thousands of people. Stakeholder participation in information system projects is becoming increasingly important for any organization seeking operational excellence. A comprehensive stakeholder analysis necessitates determining who these individuals are and how they relate to an organization. Based on Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), this study presented a sustainability evaluation of a hospital digital health system called the Hospital Health Information Management System in Sri Lanka. The CSH perspective is recognized as a philosophical framework that uses boundary critiques to define the boundaries of social system design, considering the people involved and affected by it. The authors see this sustainability evaluation as an opportunity to identify and address sustainability gaps in the digital health system, with the goal of improving sustainability. It is argued that assessing the sustainability of a digital health system requires a holistic approach that includes obtaining multiple stakeholders’ perspectives informed by Ulrich’s concept of boundary consideration (boundary critique). CSH theoretical concepts were discovered to be applicable in the sustainability evaluation of digital health systems with diverse stakeholders. The inclusion of CSH would improve the efficacy of sustainability assessment by gaining multiple stakeholder perspectives from both the involved and affected categories.
Community Nutritional Assessment
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G
Published: October 2023

The field of nutritional assessment has been an active one over the last 20 years. This book - a sequel to the 1966 WHO monograph 'Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Community' - covers recent developments and techniques, as well as long-established practices. Innovations include the influence of epidemiology, anthropology, and economics; emphasis on materno-foetal nutritional surveillance and programme evaluation; description of appropriate technology for primary health care workers; and current views on anthropometric and other 'reference levels'. The authors' main aim is to link the more descriptive investigations of the past to the mathematical criteria of the present. They assemble information from a wide range of scientific disciplines, and suggest practical methods for assessment at varying levels of sophistication. The overriding concern is practicality and usefulness for those working to improve community nutrition in less technically developed countries.
Assessment of ecological variables II —Food considerations
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G
Published: October 2023

Assessment of the various links in the ‘food chain’ from agricultural production to consumption in the human diet (Fig. 4.4) can form an important aspect of the detailed analysis of the ecological factors responsible for the nutritional status of any community. The degree of detail with depend on need and resources available.
Brain and Bannister’s Clinical Neurology
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger
Published: October 2023

Since publication of the sixth edition, there have been extraordinary technical advances in neurology, most notably in the fields of molecular genetics and new imaging techniques. There are new sections on each of these topics. This volume also has a new chapter on the neurological complications of AIDS. Many new topics have been introduced and there have been major revisions to most chapters but particularly those on vascular disease, the dystonias, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, parkinsonism, neuromuscular diseases, multiple sclerosis and the neurological consequences of neoplasms. New material is included on extradural haematomas, the Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome, inflammatory myopathies, Huntington's disease, the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, cerebral malaria, the anterior spinal artery syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, sarcoidosis, the MTPT parkinsonism model, multiple system atrophy, lipoidoses and the Arnold-Chiari malformation.
Dementia and higher cerebral function
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger
Published: October 2023

The principal difference between the human and the subhuman brain consists in the greater development of the cerebral cortex in man. The function of the cerebral cortex in relation to sensation is primarily discriminative, and through his cerebral cortex man has enormously enlarged the scope of his comprehension of the world and his power to act upon it. There is far less difference between man and the lower animals in respect of the thalamus and hypothalamus which are intimately concerned with the emotional and instinctive life-and the regulation of metabolic and endocrine function. The cerebral cortex and these basal structures therefore interact with one another, and the inhibitory functions of the cortex are among its most important.
Neurasthenia
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

So far we have considered the question of fatigue, or more specifically chronic fatigue, as an isolated symptom. However, fatigue can be more than just a symptom. Recently the popular imagination has been caught by the concept of fatigue as specific illness, encapsulated in the term ‘chronic fatigue syndrome’ (CFS), or, as it is better known in the vernacular, ME. It is frequently stated that these illnesses are either new, or at least on the increase, and the popular and professional literature contains numerous possible explanations for this phenomenon.
Introduction To Toxicity
Authors: Fairweather Frank A
Published: October 2023

Toxicology, whether in relation to therapeutics, food, pesticides, the environment, occupational health, or indeed smoking, has come to mean that if a chemical compound produces a biological response within a living system, and that response is deemed hazardous, then the cause of this effect should be sought and where possible eliminated. Clearly, for a chemical agent to produce such an effect in a biological system, there is a need for the toxic substance or its metabolites to reach an end organ, at a sufficiently high concentration and for an extended period of time, to produce the observed toxic response. These principles, accepted now for many centuries, must be applied today when considering any potentially toxic material. It is the responsibility of all involved in the toxicological field to minimize the risk, to strive to ensure the acceptance of the doctrine that the better the decision, the better it is for the individual who will be exposed to the agent in question. Toxicology is now accepted as an integral part of the regulatory scene and it has become an intrinsic part of business. With respect to the latter it is refreshing to realize that test results can have a significant effect on marketing questions and toxicologists are now seeking to interpret adverse effects observed in animals and establish their relevance to humans.
Effects Of Maternal Tobacco Smoke Inhalation On Early Embryonic Growth
Authors: Seller Mary J , Bnait Kulwinder S , Cairns Nigel J
Published: October 2023

Maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy is associated with two well recognized effects-an increase in pregnancy wastage and low birth weight babies (Butler et al. 1972). These phenomena are well researched and it is known there is an inverse relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the decrease in birth weight and reduced fetal survival (reviewed by Abel 1980). Further, if a woman changes her smoking behaviour before the fourth month of pregnancy, then her outcome at delivery is appropriate to her pattern of smoking in the second part of pregnancy (Butler et al. 1972). There are also data which suggest that, overall, congenital malformations are not increased in frequency in women who smoke during pregnancy, although in some populations specific abnormalities might occur more often. Examples are cleft lip, cleft palate (Andrews and McGarry 1972; Saxen 1974; Ericson et al. 1979), congenital heart disease (Fedrick et al. 1971), and neural tube defects (Evans et al. 1979). In the face of no real diminution in tobacco consumption, the Independent Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health (ISCSH) has urged the modification of tobacco products so that the yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide of cigarettes is reduced. This has taken place to some extent, and it would appear to have reduced the frequency of some of the smoking-related diseases. However, there is evidence that some people compensate for the reduction in cigarette nicotine content by increasing their intake (ISCSH 1988).
Introduction
Authors: Silman Alan J , Hochberg Marc C
Published: October 2023

In common usage the term epidemiology has two meanings. The first is the description of the occurrence of a disease and the risk factors: demographic, genetic, and environmental, for its development. The second covers a methodological approach to investigate not only disease occurrence and aetiology but also, and increasingly, to the development of criteria for disease classification, studies of natural history, intervention studies including clinical trials and the evaluation of clinical tests. Thus textbooks of epidemiology are either reviews of data on disease occurrence and causation or are manuals for those wishing to apply epidemiological methods to a wider field.