bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recruitment Application using Salesforce
Authors: Shailesh Kurzadkar  , Vaishnavi M. Bargat  , Harshita D. Poharkar
Published: April 2024

One of the newest technologies on the information super highway is cloud computing. It has been resentful as the computer simulation of the future generation for its benefits. Following numerous data, parallel computing, and concurrent computing (analogous and comparable), this is the greatest simulation. They must have access to all internal and external resources in order to be productive. The next candidates can upload their resumes and academic records using the requirement feature of the system. Everything was done at a reasonable pace and in a lively manner earlier. All of this is now achievable in a millisecond.
Salesforce for Recruiting offers large-scale, personalized candidate experiences that increase loyalty and engagement. A 360-degree picture of customers and candidates enables recruiters to provide linked, value-added services that gobeyond conventional sourcing strategies. Three to five weeks are typically needed for the full Salesforce hiring process. Sending in an online application and resume is the initial step in the recruiting process at Salesforce for all roles.
Impact of Ict on the Performance of Sustainable Logistics
Authors: Kalwar Muhammad Ahmed
Published: April 2024

The environment of the planet Earth has been the concern of governments, academia, and researchers so the impacts of various factors on it have become the prime focus so that the things that damage it can be investigated and the environmental damage can be minimized accordingly. Logistics and transport are the sectors that are responsible for the greatest percentage of greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. The transport sector has been initiated towards the sustainable side because, in many countries, public transport is operated on electricity, and manufacturers have also introduced electric vehicles for citizens to drive and travel in. Freight transport is still a problem because of its carbon footprint; technological advancement has made it easier to minimize the carbon emissions generated from freight transport and logistics with the advent of information communication technology (ICT) devices. With the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), geographical positioning systems, and sensors, it has become easier to monitor the routes of vehicles, their fuel consumption, and the optimization of routes as well. The various innovations can potentially help the logistics sector increase its overall efficiency. Minimizing the carbon footprint in the logistics sector makes it green logistics. In the present research paper, the authors have conducted a literature review in which they intend to highlight the impacts of ICT on green logistics. It was indicated by the results that ICT positively influences the performance of green logistics, but at the same time, it was concluded that poor quality of logistics’ infrastructure, service quality of logistics, and cargo transportation timeliness consume a greater quantity of fossil fuels and therefore cause increased carbon emissions, which negatively impact human health and the environment of the planet.
Effectiveness of Comprehensive Environmental Support for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yabuwaki Kenji , Shinohara Kazuya , Fujioka Akira , Inagaki Shigeaki , Hirao Kazuki
Published: April 2024

Importance: The importance of developing age-friendly environments is globally recognized. However, few clinical trials have comprehensively evaluated physical and social components of environments and examined the effects of offering support.

Objective: To clarify the effectiveness of occupational therapy–based comprehensive environmental support for community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A single-blind parallel-groups randomized controlled trial with blinded participants.

Setting: Eight community-based settings under the long-term-care insurance system in regional towns and cities throughout Japan.

Participants: Sixty older adults age ≥65 yr who were new users of adult day care or adult day health care and allocated by stratified block randomization on the basis of age.

Intervention: Comprehensive environmental support was provided to participants for 3 mo according to results on the Comprehensive Environmental Questionnaire for older adults (CEQ) to make improvements in environmental factors participants wanted to change to create a more satisfying life.

Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measure was the Japanese Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF–36) score at 3 mo postrandomization. Additionally, scores on the Short-Form Six-Dimension utility index were calculated.

Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in the SF–36’s Role/Social Component Summary (p = .005) and Role–Physical (p = .02), Role–Emotional (p = .01), and Mental Health (p = .05) domains, with moderate effect sizes. The number needed to treat was 3.46, showing statistical significance.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy–based comprehensive environmental support based on CEQ scores was effective, resulting in moderate improvements in health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults.

Plain-Language Summary: Older adults experience a decline in physical and mental functions along with changes in social relationships. These problems make it challenging for older adults to perform valuable occupations, thus reducing their quality of life. This study demonstrated that occupational therapy based on the Comprehensive Environmental Questionnaire for older adults can improve health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults. Our findings pave the way for the development of an effective compensatory intervention model in occupational therapy practice.
Identificação de Pontos de Verificação Ergonômica para apoiar na minimização de riscos ergonômicos no processo de preparo e instalação de tubulações em sistemas de combate a incêndio em obras de galpões logísticos
Authors: Silva Jean Erik Araujo da , Elias Sérgio José Barbosa
Published: April 2024

Este artigo mostra um estudo realizado em uma obra de um galpão logístico em Barueri no estado de São Paulo e tem por objetivo realizar uma análise das condições ergonômicas no processo de preparo e instalação de tubulações em sistemas de combate a incêndio em obras de galpões logísticos. A construção civil requer a execução de atividades que trazem riscos à saúde e impõem ao trabalhador posições desfavoráveis e manuseio de cargas pesadas, além de expô-lo a outros tipos de riscos. Foram aplicados Pontos de Verificação Ergonômica propostos pelo International Labour Office (ILO) para apoiar na minimização de riscos ergonômicos através de soluções práticas e de fácil implementação. Sua aplicação gerou várias sugestões de melhorias ergonômicas em máquinas, equipamentos, ferramentas, design dos postos de trabalho, organização do trabalho, instalações de bem-estar e procedimentos de movimentação de cargas. Por fim, conclui-se que a ferramenta Pontos de Verificação Ergonômica pode ser utilizada não só em serviços de instalações de combate a incêndio, como em todas as atividades da construção civil. Por ser uma ferramenta simples, de fácil aplicação e que permite a implementação de soluções eficazes de curto prazo, pode ser utilizada como medida de prevenção na gestão da saúde e segurança do trabalho, contribuindo para a redução do índice de ocorrência de acidentes do trabalho e para a melhoria da saúde, segurança e qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores.
FASES DO CICLO MENSTRUAL E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NO DESEMPENHO DE ATLETAS UNIVERSITÁRIAS DE FUTSAL
Authors: Balzan Thais Elisabeth , Morales Mariane de Sá Britto , Müller Camila Borges , Silva Amanda Franco da , Pinheiro Eraldo dos Santos , Ferreira Gustavo Dias
Published: April 2024

O objetivo foi avaliar a influência das fases do ciclo menstrual no desempenho de atletas de futsal. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas. Foram realizadas análises em três fases do ciclo: na fase folicular (FF) (8°-12° dia), na lútea (FL) (16°-20°dia) e na pré-menstrual (PM) (26°-28°dia). Foram aplicados os testes: para avaliar a resistência anaeróbia - Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST); para velocidade com troca de direção – Teste do Quadrado; para avaliar velocidade linear - Teste 10 e 20 metros, para flexibilidade - Banco de Wells; e por fim para analisar a potência e força de membros inferiores - Squat Jump (SJ) e Contramovimento Jump (CMJ). Neste estudo, as diferentes fases do ciclo não influenciaram os resultados dos testes de desempenho físicos de resistência anaeróbia (PM: 6,52s; FF: 6,37s; FL: 6,37s), velocidade com troca de direção (PM: 5,59s; FF: 5,83s; FL: 5,72s) e linear (PM: 3,52s; FF: 3,57s; FL: 3,51s), flexibilidade (PM: 33,48cm; FF: 34,00cm; FL: 32,86cm), potência (PM: 28,62cm; FF: 28,54 cm; FL: 29,24cm) e força (PM: 27,26cm; FF: 27,35cm; FL: 27,78cm) dos membros inferiores, com médias muito próximas nas diferentes fases do ciclo, inclusive a pré-menstrual.
HIPISMO E EQUIDADE DE GÊNERO
Authors: Kuhn Daniela Isabel , Praisler Débora Maziviero
Published: April 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa situa-se em desenvolver uma análise crítica a respeito da participação de mulheres em diferentes categorias da modalidade salto do hipismo no estado Paraná com os conhecimentos dos estudos de gênero. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da análise dos Rankings Gerais da Federação Paranaense de Hipismo dos anos de 2018 a maio de 2023. Os dados evidenciam que a porcentagem de mulheres atuando na categoria 0,80 cm é consideravelmente superior ao percentual de homens, enquanto que na categoria 1,40 m o percentual de mulheres é significativamente inferior ao de homens. Esses dados se repetem em todos os anos analisados, demonstrando que há uma tendência à evasão de mulheres na transição do amadorismo para o alto rendimento do esporte. Compreendemos que as questões normativas de gênero que influenciam a educação de mulheres e homens persistem gerando desigualdade marcadas por desvantagens nas condições de vivências das atletas em relação aos homens, sobretudo nas categorias profissionais.
SENSIBILIDADE À IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NO FUTEBOL
Authors: Agostini Cauê dos Santos , Godoi-Jacomassi Daniela , Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto , Souza Junior Osmar Moreira de
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo objetivou analisar as opiniões e posicionamentos de estudantes dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e do Ensino Médio em relação à igualdade de Gênero no futebol no ambiente escolar e alto rendimento. Para isso, utilizou-se um questionário denominado EAIGFU (Escala de Atitudes para a Igualdade de Gênero no Futebol Escolar), desenvolvido por pesquisadores espanhóis e validado no Brasil, obtendo-se 187 respostas de estudantes com idades entre 12 e 18 anos. Para as análises, utilizou-se o software Statistical Pachage for Social Sciences (SPSS) que agrupou as respostas em três clusters. Os resultados apontam para opiniões e posicionamentos que transitam entre os espectros igualitários e sexistas nos clusters 1 e 2, com maior predomínio de respostas sexistas no 2 e de incertezas no 1 e uma consistência de respostas igualitárias do cluster 3, formado em sua maioria por meninas em oposição aos dois primeiros majoritariamente masculinos.
NARRATIVAS DAS MULHERES DO JUDÔ VETERANO NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Souza Gabriela Conceição de , Triani Felipe da Silva , Telles Silvio de Cássio Costa
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as narrativas das mulheres que praticam judô na categoria acima de 30 anos de idade, conhecida como veteranos ou master, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além disso, procuramos compreender como essas veteranas aderiram e migraram de classes, quais foram suas resistências e enfrentamentos para a permanência no judô veterano. Dar vez, voz e visibilidade a estas mulheres, nos possibilita incentivar que mais mulheres retornem a prática esportiva, seja na perspectiva do lazer ou como forma de ocupar espaços que insistem em apresentar entraves e resistência para sua permanência. Através da narrativa de cinco mulheres judocas veteranas, verificamos que: o apoio da família foi preponderante para a adesão e permanência; a idade não é um fator limitante para a adesão em nível competitivo; e os sensei tem um papel fundamental no resgate das mulheres que se afastam do judô.
“EU ACHEI A AULA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA MAIS PROVEITOSA, PORQUE DA OUTRA VEZ EU NÃO PARTICIPEI”
Authors: Gomes Luiz Fernando Muniz , Santos Emanuel Wescley dos , Girão Andréa Lima , Kayser Tina Daniela , Corsino Luciano Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Dentre as problemáticas que emergem no cotidiano da educação física escolar, as hierarquizações de gênero são cada vez mais citadas. Ao considerar os estudos de gênero de orientação pós-estruturalista e o campo da educação física escolar, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender o Planejamento Participativo (PP) como possiblidade de problematização das questões de gênero na educação física à luz de duas pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Educação Física em Rede Nacional (ProEF). Por meio dos registros realizados pelos pesquisadores durante duas pesquisas, investigamos a forma como as relações de gênero emergem durante o planejamento participativo desenvolvido em duas escolas públicas no estado do Ceará. Os dados indicam que o PP pode ser um instrumento potente para dar voz aos(às) estudantes devido ao diálogo constante durante as atividades desenvolvidas, proporciona maior participação das meninas e reflexão crítica sobre gênero nas manifestações da cultura corporal de movimento.
Espaço público em Londrina, Paraná: o calçadão e o Zerão e seus conteúdos socioespaciais
Authors: Ruiz Nicolas Veregue
Published: April 2024

Neste artigo, traçamos uma comparação entre os conteúdos socioespaciais de dois espaços públicos localizados no centro da cidade de Londrina, Paraná. Os dois espaços escolhidos são o calçadão e o Zerão, uma via para pedestres e um parque público. Partimos da fundamentação teórica sobre o processo de fragmentação socioespacial em curso nas cidades médias latino-americanas e sobre os espaços públicos contemporâneos. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na pesquisa de mestrado que deu origem ao artigo foram: revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática, trabalhos de campo nos dois espaços públicos e aplicação de 86 enquetes exploratórias em ambos os espaços, online e presenciais. Ao final, a partir da análise comparativa e crítica, a multiplicidade dos usos e funções de cada uma deles foi aspecto fundamental para e compreensão da sua importância.
Avaliação do comportamento mecânico do solo após a incorporação de resíduos da construção civil e fibras de sisal
Authors: Almeida Suyanne Monteiro de , Lafayettte Kalinny Patricia Vaz , Silva Luciana Cássia Lima da
Published: April 2024

A construção civil representa um dos setores econômicos mais importantes do país, sendo responsável por gerar diversos empregos e fornecer projetos de infraestrutura que melhoram a vida em sociedade. Entretanto, o setor apresenta alguns aspectos negativos principalmente quando estão ligados ao meio ambiente, devido ao elevado consumo de recursos naturais e a alta geração de resíduos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento do solo de uma encosta localizada no município de Recife/Pernambuco (Brasil), após a adição de Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) e fibras de sisal. Inicialmente foi realizada a coleta dos materiais necessários, como solo, agregado reciclado e fibras de sisal, em seguida foram realizados ensaios de caracterização física e caracterização mecânica, incluindo compactação e compressão simples, além dos ensaios de caracterização mineralógica. Por fim, foi realizada uma análise estatística dos resultados obtidos com a compressão simples através da metodologia RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Os ensaios foram realizados para os compósitos formados por solo; solo e resíduo; solo, resíduo e fibra; e solo e fibra em diferentes percentuais. A caracterização física mostrou que o solo em estudo corresponde a uma argila arenosa com baixa plasticidade e o ensaio de compactação revelou que o aumento do percentual de fibras reduziu a densidade seca máxima das misturas e aumentou a umidade ótima. O ensaio de compressão simples revelou um acréscimo de resistência nas misturas após a adição de fibras para os períodos de cura de 7, 28 e 60 dias. O compósito formado por solo e fibra (0,50%) demonstrou os melhores resultados, apresentando um aumento percentual de 36,60%, 69,10% e 59%, quando comparados ao solo natural, para os tempos de cura de 7, 28 e 60 dias, respectivamente. A análise estatística forneceu os teores do compósito resultante da otimização dos materiais, sendo encontrado os valores de 16,16% para o resíduo, 0,50% para a fibra, e 60 dias para o tempo de cura. Desta maneira, conclui-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios do ponto de vista técnico e ambiental para a utilização de resíduos e fibras de sisal como elementos alternativos para o reforço do solo.
Sobre o discurso geográfico colonial português
Authors: Barros Nilson Cortez Crocia de
Published: April 2024

O trabalho resenha texto referente às experiências discursivas do Império Colonial Português. O discurso imperial, em face às mudanças nas conjunturas ou enquadramentos geopolíticos mundiais e nas condições internas de Portugal, se altera ao longo do tempo. São expostas as relações deste discurso com os ideários disponíveis durante a Guerra Fria e é examinada a ideia de um mundo luso-tropical de base freyriana (G. Freyre) e a construção do mito de uma Lisboa pobre, mas imperial e orgulhosa. O texto explora a experiência identitária de Portugal diante do fim do seu império.
Contribución a la gestión del diseño de edificaciones en escenarios de riesgo ante fuertes vientos
Authors: Reyes Ramírez Anabel , Zúñiga Igarza Libys Martha , Estrada Cingualbres Roberto Andrés
Published: April 2024

En Cuba las prioridades del desarrollo habitacional están dadas en la reducción gradual de la vulnerabilidad ante fenómenos naturales extremos, fundamentalmente los huracanes y ciclones tropicales que tanto afectan la región del Caribe. Eliminar asentamientos en zonas de riesgo, reducir la susceptibilidad de las infraestructuras y la compatibilización de las inversiones constructivas con las exigencias de la defensa civil, constituyen premisas de suma importancia para los organismos competentes, fundamentalmente para las empresas y equipos de diseño. Con el objetivo de proyectar edificaciones mejor preparadas, más seguras, resilientes y capaces de afrontar las amenazas de origen natural, resulta de utilidad enriquecer las herramientas para la gestión del diseño, aplicando métodos numéricos y modelos de simulación. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio y análisis de los escenarios de riesgo y las variables de exposición ante fuertes vientos que inciden en la vulnerabilidad de las edificaciones. Se identificaron los principales requerimientos para el estudio de estas variables mediante el Método Kano, lo que permitió obtener resultados predictivos que contribuyen a reducir los índices de vulnerabilidad desde las etapas tempranas de los proyectos constructivos.
Desafíos y alternativas para las exportaciones de cacao en el departamento de Santander años 2018-2022
Authors: Picón Peralta Sergio Iván , Ramírez Adarme Johanna Patricia , Sandoval Villamizar Dianey Yamile
Published: April 2024

El mercado internacional ha experimentado una creciente incertidumbre debido a los efectos de la postpandemia, lo que ha afectado las exportaciones incluyendo los productos agrícolas. Sin embargo, con el talento, la recursividad y la creatividad de la sociedad nacional colombiana, estos productos han logrado triunfar en el extranjero. Las prohibiciones de viajes y los suspensiones de fronteras han obstaculizado el flujo de mercancías, la demanda global ha disminuido y la incertidumbre en los mercados ha aumentado como resultado de la pandemia. Además, la disponibilidad de empleos en Santander también se ha visto afectada, lo cual puede impactar la fabricación  y el comercio internacional de varios productos de los sectores agrícolas y manufactureros. Las sociedades que se internacionalizan y se inician hacia nuevos mercados que pueden ser más competitivas y experimentar un crecimiento sostenido. En este sentido, el documento destaca la importancia de comprender los indicadores que afectan las exportaciones en el departamento de Santander, con la finalidad de identificar estrategias para mejorar los resultados. Para este fin, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica analizando los hallazgos relacionados con las acciones tomadas en el departamento para el fortalecimiento competitivo y sostenible de la producción de cacao, producto insigne de la región, para posteriormente utilizando la matriz DOFA y la consulta de cifras estadísticas del año 2019 al 2022, lo cual permitió generar estrategias de fortalecimiento para el sector exportador. Estas herramientas ayudan a analizar el comercio internacional en los últimos cuatro años, proponiendo información para estimular el desarrollo y la participación efectiva de las compañías, resaltando los beneficios y dificultades de la región, los primordiales productos de exportación, la diversificación de los productos, los beneficios de los principales Tratados de Libre Comercio. En conclusión, este articulo busca ofrecer una visión integral de las perspectivas de exportaciones considerando aspectos políticos, sociales, tecnológicos y comerciales, proporcionando recomendaciones que permitan aumentar la posición competitiva en el mercado y aumentar las exportaciones a diferentes destinos.
Estudios organizacionales para mejorar la competitividad empresarial en Bucaramanga
Authors: Sandoval-Villamizar Dianey Yamile , Picón Peralta Sergio Iván , Cala Amaya Myriam Mercedes
Published: April 2024

La globalización de los mercados de los sectores industriales y de servicios ha sido de gran importancia a nivel internacional y nacional dado que contribuye al crecimiento económico, generación de empleo y dinamizador de la economía, es por ello que cada vez las empresas deben adaptar sus procesos, productos a las nuevas tendencias del mercado y de los consumidores.  En las Ciencias sociales, el Desarrollo Organizacional (DO) es un campo dedicado a comprender y facilitar los procesos de cambio en las organizaciones, así como la gestión y cultura.  La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo generar estrategias empresariales en algunas empresas de Bucaramanga, para mejorar procesos para hacerlas más competitivas, La investigación es de carácter exploratoria, orientada a analizar variables internas y externas de 30 empresas en Bucaramanga mediante el análisis DOFA para generar estrategias y hacer una propuesta de mejora.  se realizaron tres fases: La primera fase, en la que se efectuó el diagnóstico de factores internos y externos para realizar una matriz DOFA, La segunda fase, se determinó estrategias Ofensivas, defensivas, de reorientación y de supervivencia y la tercera fase, correspondió a la propuesta de mejoramiento del área de la empresa con mayor problemática. Los resultados obtenidos fueron mejorar en algunas empresas de la planeación estratégica, implementación de plan de marketing, uso de una herramienta de CRM para poder fidelizar y tener un servicio posventa adecuado y eficiente, propuesta mejora de la comunicación interna, capacitación a los colaboradores, entre otras.
Polymorphisms of the HRG, FETUB, and GUCY1A1 genes and their association with litter size in sheep
Authors: Ren Zizhen , He Xiaoyun , Wang Xiangyu , Chu Mingxing
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Litter size is one of the key factors affecting the efficiency of sheep breeding, and previous studies found that the HRG, FETUB, and GUCY1A1 genes were closely related to litter size in sheep. This experiment aims to explore the polymorphisms of the g.405442728A>G locus of the HRG gene, the g.421655951C>T locus of the FETUB gene, and the g.414050897G>C locus of the GUCY1A1 gene and their association with sheep litter size. The MassARRAY® single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technique was used to detect the polymorphisms of these loci in five sheep breeds, i.e., Small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep, Cele black sheep, Sunite sheep, and Bamei mutton sheep. In addition, the association between the polymorphisms of these genes and the litter size of Small-tailed Han sheep was also analyzed. The results showed that the g.405442728A>G locus of the HRG gene was moderately polymorphic (0.25 < PIC <0.5) in both monotocous and polytocous sheep breeds; the g.421655951C>T locus of the FETUB gene was lowly polymorphic (PIC <0.25) in five sheep breeds; the g.414050897G>C locus of GUCY1A1 showed moderately polymorphism in Small-tailed Han sheep (0.25 ≤ PIC <0.5) and low polymorphism in four other sheep breeds (PIC <0.25). The chi-squared test results showed that the g.405442728A>G locus of the HRG gene was in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium state in five sheep breeds (P>0.05). The g.421655951 C>T locus of the FETUB gene and the g.414050897G>C locus of the GUCY1A1 gene were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium state in Small-tailed Han sheep (P>0.05) and in the Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium state in other sheep breeds (P<0.05). The association analysis showed that the g.405442728A>G locus of the HRG gene and the g.421655951C>T locus of the FETUB gene had a significant impact on the litter size of sheep (P<0.05), while the g.414050897G>C locus of the GUCY1A1 gene had no significant impact on the litter size (P>0.05). In summary, the HRG gene and the FETUB gene can be used as potential molecular markers for the selection of the litter size in sheep.
Revealing dominant patterns of aerosols regimes in the lower troposphere and their evolution from preindustrial times to the future in global climate model simulations
Authors: Li Jingmin , Righi Mattia , Hendricks Johannes , Beer Christof G. , Burkhardt Ulrike , Schmidt Anja
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Aerosols play an important role in the Earth system, but their impact on cloud properties and the resulting radiative forcing of climate remains highly uncertain. The large temporal and spatial variability of a number of aerosols properties and the choice of different ‘pre-industrial’ reference years prevent a concise understanding of basic underlying patterns and trends in aerosols and their impacts on clouds and radiation. In this study, we characterize the spatial patterns and long-term evolution of lower tropospheric aerosols (in terms of regimes) by clustering multiple aerosol properties from preindustrial times to the year 2050 under three different Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, based on a combination of global aerosol model simulations and statistic-based machine learning algorithms. Our analysis suggests that in comparison with the present-day case, lower tropospheric aerosol regimes during preindustrial times are mostly represented by regimes of comparatively clean conditions whereby marked differences between the years 1750 and 1850 emerge due to the growing influence of agriculture and other anthropogenic activities in 1850. Key aspects of the spatial distribution and extent of the aerosol regimes identified in year 2050 differ compared to pre-industrial and present-day, with significant variations resulting from the emission scenario investigated. In 2050, the low emission SSP1-1.9 scenario is the only scenario where the spatial distribution and extent of the aerosol regimes very closely resembles preindustrial conditions whereby the similarity is greater compared to 1850 than 1750. The aerosol regimes for 2050 under SSP3-7.0 closely resemble present-day conditions, but there are some notable regional differences: developed countries tend to shift towards cleaner conditions in future, while the opposite is the case for developing countries. The aerosol regimes for 2050 under SSP2-4.5 represent an intermediate stage between preindustrial times and present-day. Further analysis indicates a north/south difference in the background regime during preindustrial times, and close resemblance of pre-industrial aerosol conditions in the marine regime to present-day conditions in the Southern Hemispheric ocean. Overall, our study allows to extract a clear and condensed picture of the spatial extent and distribution of aerosols for different time periods and emission scenarios and to summarize these in terms of aerosol regimes. The approach and findings of this study can be used for designing targeted measurements of different preindustrial-like conditions, and for tailored air pollution mitigation measures in specific regions.
fair-calibrate v1.4.1: calibration, constraining and validation of the FaIR simple climate model for reliable future climate projections
Authors: Smith Chris , Cummins Donald P. , Fredriksen Hege-Beate , Nicholls Zebedee , Meinshausen Malte , Allen Myles , Jenkins Stuart , Leach Nicholas , Mathison Camilla , Partanen Antti-Ilari
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Simple climate models (also known as emulators) have re-emerged as critical tools for analysis of climate policy. Emulators are efficient and highly parameterised, where the parameters are tunable to produce a diversity of global mean surface temperature (GMST) response pathways to a given emissions scenario. Only a small fraction of possible parameter combinations will produce historically consistent climate hindcasts, a necessary condition for trust in future projections. Alongside historical GMST, additional observed (e.g. ocean heat content) and emergent climate metrics (such as the equilibrium climate sensitivity) can be used as constraints upon the parameter sets used for climate projections. This paper describes a multi-variable constraining package for the FaIR simple climate model (FaIR versions 2.1.0 onwards) using a Bayesian framework. The steps are firstly to generate prior distributions of parameters for FaIR based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Earth System models or Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessed ranges, secondly to generate a large Monte Carlo prior ensemble of parameters to run FaIR with, and thirdly to produce a posterior set of parameters constrained on several observable and assessed climate metrics. Different calibrations can be produced for different emissions datasets or observed climate constraints, allowing version-controlled and continually updated calibrations to be produced. We show that two very different future projections to a given emission scenario can be obtained using emissions from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) (fair-calibrate v1.4.0) and from updated emissions datasets through 2022 (fair-calibrate v1.4.1) for similar climate constraints in both cases. fair-calibrate can be reconfigured for different source emissions datasets or target climate distributions, and new versions will be produced upon availability of new climate system data.
Spatial mapping of key plant functional traits in terrestrial ecosystems across China
Authors: An Nannan , Lu Nan , Chen Weiliang , Chen Yongzhe , Shi Hao , Wu Fuzhong , Fu Bojie
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Trait-based approaches are of increasing concern in predicting vegetation changes and linking ecosystem structures to functions at large scales. However, a critical challenge for such approaches is acquiring spatially continuous plant functional trait maps. Here, six key plant functional traits were selected as they can reflect plant resource acquisition strategies and ecosystem functions, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf N concentration (LNC), leaf P concentration (LPC), leaf area (LA) and wood density (WD). A total of 34 589 in situ trait measurements of 3447 seed plant species were collected from 1430 sampling sites in China and were used to generate spatial plant functional trait maps (∼1 km), together with environmental variables and vegetation indices based on two machine learning models (random forest and boosted regression trees). To obtain the optimal estimates, a weighted average algorithm was further applied to merge the predictions of the two models to derive the final spatial plant functional trait maps. The models showed good accuracy in estimating WD, LPC and SLA, with average R2 values ranging from 0.48 to 0.68. In contrast, both the models had weak performance in estimating LDMC, with average R2 values less than 0.30. Meanwhile, LA showed considerable differences between the two models in some regions. Climatic effects were more important than those of edaphic factors in predicting the spatial distributions of plant functional traits. Estimates of plant functional traits in northeastern China and the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau had relatively high uncertainties due to sparse samplings, implying a need for more observations in these regions in the future. Our spatial trait maps could provide critical support for trait-based vegetation models and allow exploration of the relationships between vegetation characteristics and ecosystem functions at large scales. The six plant functional trait maps for China with 1 km spatial resolution are now available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22351498 (An et al., 2023).
Carbon Monitor Power-Simulators (CMP-SIM v1.0) across countries: a data-driven approach to simulate daily power generation
Authors: Gurriaran Léna , Goude Yannig , Tanaka Katsumasa , Zhu Biqing , Deng Zhu , Song Xuanren , Ciais Philippe
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The impact of climate change on power demand and power generation has become increasingly significant. Changes in temperature, relative humidity, and other climate variables affect cooling and heating demand for households and industries and, therefore, power generation. Accurately predicting power generation is crucial for energy system planning and management. It is also crucial to understand the evolution of power generation to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere, allowing stakeholders to make informed plans to reduce emissions and to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Artificial intelligence techniques have been used to investigate energy-demand-side responses to external factors at various scales in recent years. However, few have explored the impact of climate and weather variability on power demand. This study proposes a data-driven approach to model daily power demand provided by the Carbon Monitor Power project by combining climate variables and human activity indices as predictive features. Our investigation spans the years 2020 to 2022 and focuses on eight countries or groups of countries selected to represent different climates and economies, accounting for over 70 % of global power consumption. These countries include Australia, Brazil, China, the European Union (EU), India, Russia, South Africa, and the United States. We assessed various machine-learning regressors to simulate daily power demand at the national scale. For countries within the EU, we extended the analysis to one group of countries. We evaluated the models based on key evaluating metrics: coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and median absolute error (MedAE). We also used the models to identify the most influential variables that impact power demand and determine their relationship with it. Our findings provide insight into variations in important predictive features among countries, along with the role played by distinct climate variables and indicators of the level of economic activity, such as weekends and working days, vacations and holidays, and the influence of COVID-19.
Urban roadkill assessment in Vienna reveals low incidence rates
Authors: Heigl Florian , Lutter Susanne , Hoppe Irene , Zaller Johann G. , Dörler Daniel
Published: April 2024

Abstract. An important factor in the decline of global animal diversity is road traffic, where many animals are killed. This study aimed to collect data on vertebrate roadkill in the city of Vienna, Austria, between 2017 and 2022 using three different approaches: citizen science, systematic monitoring by bicycle along a 15 km route, and systematic monitoring on foot along a 3 km route. During 359 monitoring events, only four roadkill incidences (three Erinaceus sp., one Rattus sp.) were found by bicycle or on foot. At the same time citizen scientists reported 1 roadkill squirrel on the bicycle route and 84 roadkill incidences for the entire city area. Hedgehogs and urban birds were commonly reported species by citizen scientists. Although no amphibian or reptile roadkill was found during systematic monitoring, they were reported by citizen scientists. The low number of roadkill incidences found suggests a potentially low population density that makes the impact of roadkill even more severe – a hypothesis that should be further investigated amidst the global decline in biodiversity.
Contratos atípicos, negócio indireto e regulamentação: reflexões sobre os contratos comumente utilizados para investimento em startups
Authors: Gorberg Valdetaro Liana
Published: April 2024

The idea of this article arose from the author’s interest in the legal nature of the contracts commonly used to materialize investments in startups, which lacked typical legal models. In practice, the business community has started to use models related to other contractual purposes to regulate startup business. The reflections started from the analysis of atypical contracts and, among these, indirect contracts, to reach the path taken by the law and the evolution of legal models to achieve functions other than those provided for in the type model by the legal system. This is what happened with the regulation of startups until the passing of Complementary Law nº 123//2006, later amended by Complementary Law nº 182/2021.
Alteraciones cognitivas asociadas al tratamiento de hormonoterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Denisa Toader Irina , Antonio Cruzado Juan
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: determinar las alteraciones cognitivas asociadas al tratamiento de hormonoterapia en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Método: el presente trabajo consiste en una revisión sistemática de estudios experimentales internacionales sobre los efectos de la hormonoterapia en las funciones cognitivas en mujeres con cáncer de mama, siguiendo la declaración PRISMA. Para su selección se han seguido unos criterios metodológicos estrictos, incluyendo únicamente estudios longitudinales con evaluaciones de línea base y/o grupo control. Resultados: a pesar de las discrepancias descritas, los resultados muestran deterioro significativo en memoria verbal, funciones ejecutivas, aprendizaje verbal y velocidad de procesamiento. Conclusiones: de cara a futuras investigaciones se recomienda utilizar unos criterios metodológicos más estrictos y realizar seguimientos a largo plazo, teniendo en cuenta que la media de administración de estos tratamientos oscila entre 5 y 10 años.
The Effect of Facts Arising Between a Solidary Debtor and a Creditor on the Other Solidary Debtors - Recourse among Solidary Debtors-Does Korean Civil Law Needs to Be Revised? -
Authors:   Korean Civil Law Association, Cho Inyoung
Published: April 2024

The provisions regarding solidary obligations in Korean Civil Law have remained unchanged since the enactment of the Korean Civil Law. There have been criticisms raised at several points regarding the effects of facts arising between one solidary debtor and a creditor on the other solidary debtors, and solidary debtors' internal relationships, raising a need for a revision of Korean Civil Law. Among the effects of a reason arising between one solidary debtor and a creditor, criticisms have mainly been raised in relation to set-off, release, prescription, and novation. The effect of these should be determined by weighing the functional aspect of solidary obligation as personal security and the swift resolution of the internal relationships through the prevention of circular recourse claims. When reviewing the civil law and the legal systems of various other countries comprehensively, it seems desirable to maintain the current civil law provisions for set-off and prescription, to specify the effects of release and to change the effect of prescription to a relative effect. Next, concerning the internal effects (internal relationships), the issue of whether to recognize the right of recourse even in cases where the solidary debtor's payment does not exceed his share has been discussed. Many precedents and opinions suggest that the solidary debtor can exercise the right of recourse in proportion to their share even if the payment amount does not exceed it. It may be worth considering clarifying this aspect in the civil law provisions. Finally, current civil law stipulates that if the creditor agrees with a solidary debtor that the he is liable to pay only his share, and one of the debtors who bears contributory obligation becomes insolvent, the creditor shall bear the burden. Although there have been some legislative criticisms against this, maintaining the current stance of the civil law seems justified when considering the substantive intention of the parties involved.
A Study on Civil Liability in the So-Called ‘Weak Artificial Intelligence’ Area
Authors:   Korean Civil Law Association, Yoon Seok-Chan
Published: April 2024

Now, the core of the discussion is how artificial intelligence (AI), as a rapidly developing advanced technology, can solve many of the most difficult problems facing humanity beyond solving severe social problems. Therefore, the true value of artificial intelligence (AI) as a cutting-edge technology is to solve huge problems facing humanity, such as social problems such as gun violence, food shortages, incurable diseases, and global warming caused by carbon emissions, and to contribute to human development. The concern, though, is that no one knows exactly how current artificial intelligence (AI) works. In other words, it is similar to developing a bomb that does not know when it will explode without a safety device.
Already, artificial intelligence (AI) is causing damage by providing false information. So, if we don't know how to control better artificial intelligence (AI) when it appears, dangerous things can happen. Therefore, there will be a need for international norms on artificial intelligence (AI), which will be made possible by international treaties. The European Union has already enacted the AI Act as the first regulatory law on AI. This contains stronger regulations on the AI industry than in the United States or Asia. In particular, the Act stipulates the obligation to display AI-generated content. Thus, the EU's AI regulation law can be evaluated as legislation designed to ensure the safety of AI-generated products, such as cars and toys. In addition, in September 2022, the European Union (EU) issued a directive on AI accountability. It focuses on the legal principles of compensation for damages caused by artificial intelligence (AI).
Legislation on punitive damages for deepfake harms is required. As a civil liability, the victim's damages should be recognized not only for mental damages, but also for aggravated damages for monetary damages, if any. As such a legislative measure, so-called punitive damages should be introduced for malicious and deliberate use of artificial intelligence (AI) as a perpetrator. In the so-called risk liability of artificial intelligence (AI), the operator of artificial intelligence (AI), which has enormous profits through the operation of the risk source, will have to bear the risk liability as a no-fault liability. Korea's product liability law has embraced this principle of risk liability. In order for product liability law to apply to artificial intelligence (AI), there must be a defect in the artificial intelligence (AI) installed in the product.
Verhältnis zwischen Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage und ergänzender Auslegung des Vertrages
Authors:   Korean Civil Law Association, Moon Hyun Ji
Published: April 2024

In letzter Zeit hat der Oberste Gerichtshof in Korea zwei Urteile gefällt, in denen Verträge aufgrund der Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage gekündigt wurden. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob es angemessen ist, dass sich die Auflösung des Vertrages ausschließlich auf die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage stützt, zumal diese Probleme möglicherweise durch eine ergänzende Auslegung des Vertrages gelöst werden könnten. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, untersucht dieser Artikel die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage und das Verhältnis zwischen der Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage und der ergänzenden Vertragsauslegung.
Es erscheint sinnvoller, eine ergänzende Auslegung des Vertrages vorzunehmen, als die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage, die aus dem Prinzip von Treu und Glauben abgeleitet wird, anzuwenden. Dies liegt daran, dass die ergänzende Auslegung, welche die Lücke im Vertrag füllt, indem sie den hypothetischen Willen berücksichtigt was die Parteien vereinbart hätten, wenn sie die Lücke im Vertrag gekannt hätten, enger an den tatsächlichen Willen der Parteien gebunden ist als die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage. Da die ergänzende Auslegung des Vertrages jedoch die vertragliche Intention der Parteien bestätigt und damit die vertragliche Lücke schließt, müsste die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage als nächster Schritt berücksichtigt werden, wenn der hypothetische Wille der Vertragsparteien nicht festgestellt werden kann. Auf diese Weise können die ergänzende Auslegung von Verträgen und die Störung der Geschäftsgrundlage zusammenwirken, um Probleme so zu lösen, dass die Privatautonomie der Parteien bestmöglich respektiert und geschützt wird.
Особенности передачи контаминированной речи германоязычных персонажей в художественной литературе
Authors: Стрельцов Алексей Александрович
Published: April 2024

В исследовании рассматривается то, как авторы и переводчики художественной литературы учитывают в репликах прямой речи особенности произношения персонажей, которые не являются носителями языков, на которых говорят, но при этом владеют ими на уровне, достаточном для осуществления успешного общения с другими персонажами, для которых эти языки родные. Цель исследования – выявить регулярные закономерности выражения неправильной речи иностранца-германофона. Исследование, проведённое на материале двенадцати произведений англоязычной литературы XIX–XX вв., отражает представления американских и британских писателей, а также переводчиков их произведений на русский язык, о звучании ломаной английской речи германоязычных иностранцев, преимущественно немцев и голландцев. Представлена классификация разноуровневых языковых средств, являющихся основными видами нарушений русскоязычной речи германофонами в представлении отечественных авторов. Регулярными фонографическими средствами являются оглушение звонких и озвончение глухих согласных, а также замена некоторых согласных и гласных. Выявлены следующие грамматические средства: нарушение согласования в числе или времени, а также выбора форм глагола и порядка слов в предложении. Также отмечается использование иноязычных вкраплений.