bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics in the Determination of the Nutrient Composition in Chinese Cyperus esculentus L.
Authors: Jiao Xiaobo , Guo Dongliang , Zhang Xinjun , Su Yunpeng , Ma Rong , Chen Lewen , Tian Kun , Su Jingyu , Sahati Tangnuer , Aierkenjiang Xiahenazi , Xia Jingjing , Xie Liqiong
Published: January 2025

The nutritional content of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is abundant, rich in oil, protein, and starch. Conventional methods for assessing the nutrient composition of tiger nuts (TNs) are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with chemometrics has been widely applied in rapidly predicting the nutritional content of various crops, but its application to TNs is rare. In order to enhance the practicality of the method, this study employed a portable NIR in conjunction with chemometrics to rapidly predict the contents of crude oil (CO), crude protein (CP), and total starch (TS) from TNs. In the period from 2022 to 2023, we collected a total of 75 TN tuber samples of 28 varieties from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Henan Province. The three main components were measured using common chemical analysis methods. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was utilized to establish prediction models between NIR and chemical indicators. In addition, to further enhance the prediction performance of the models, various preprocessing and variable selection algorithms were utilized to optimize the prediction models. The optimal models for CO, CP, and TS exhibited coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.8946, 0.8525, and 0.8778, with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 1.1764, 0.7470, and 1.4601, respectively. The absolute errors between the predicted and actual values for the three-indicator spectral measurements were 0.80, 0.59, and 0.99. The results demonstrated that the portable NIR combined with chemometrics could be effectively utilized for the rapid analysis of quality-related components in TNs. With further refinements, this approach could revolutionize TN quality assessment and be used to determine optimal harvest times, as well as facilitate the graded marketing of TNs.
Enhancement of the Storage Potential of Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by Using Algal (Cystoseira myrica and Cystoseira trinodis) Extract–Ice Combinations
Authors: Ahmadi Shima , Pourashouri Parastoo , Shabanpour Bahareh , Aubourg Santiago P.
Published: January 2025

An attempt to apply extracts of the brown algae Cystoseira myrica and Cystoseira trinodis for the quality enhancement of fish was carried out. Aqueous, ethanolic, and aqueous–ethanolic (1:1, v/v) extracts of both algae were included, respectively, in the icing system employed for the chilled storage of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Chemical and microbiological quality indices were determined for a 0–16-day storage period. At the end of the experiment, all alga-treated fish revealed lower (p < 0.05) pH values and lower (p < 0.05) lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acid assessment) and oxidation (thiobarbituric acid index) development when compared to Control samples. Regarding microbial activity development (aerobe, psychrophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, proteolytic, and lipolytic counts), lower average values were detected in most cases in fish corresponding to alga-treated batches; preservative effects were found more important at advanced storage times. In general, water and water–ethanol extracts led to higher (p < 0.05) inhibitory effects than their counterpart ethanol extracts. Higher (p < 0.05) total polyphenol values were detected in water and water–ethanol extracts of both algae than in their counterpart extracts obtained only with ethanol. A novel, simple, and practical strategy for the quality enhancement and commercialization of chilled farmed rainbow trout is proposed by employing different extracts obtained from both Cystoseira species.
Plant Extracts as Functional Food Ingredients
Authors: Rutkowska Jaroslawa , Pasqualone Antonella
Published: January 2025

Plant extracts are a source of phytochemicals with multiple biological activities, so they have always been the basis for the composition of pharmaceuticals, supplements, and functional foods [...]
New Results on a Nonlocal Sturm–Liouville Eigenvalue Problem with Fractional Integrals and Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Yunyang , Chen Shaojie , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the eigenvalue properties of a nonlocal Sturm–Liouville equation involving fractional integrals and fractional derivatives under different boundary conditions. Based on these properties, we obtained the geometric multiplicity of eigenvalues for the nonlocal Sturm–Liouville problem with a non-Dirichlet boundary condition. Furthermore, we discussed the continuous dependence of the eigenvalues on the potential function for a nonlocal Sturm–Liouville equation under a Dirichlet boundary condition.
Cochlear Implant Challenges in Children with Ichthyosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Caragli Valeria , Luppi Laura , Tegmeyer Nicole Carrie , Genovese Elisabetta , Soloperto Davide
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Ichthyosis refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by extensive scaling of the skin. Syndromic ichthyosis, such as KID syndrome, is associated with mutations in connexin 26, resulting in a triad of keratosis, ichthyosis, and deafness. Cochlear implant (CI) is considered an effective rehabilitation option for severe hearing loss in these patients, though challenges related to skin complications may arise. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of CI in patients with ichthyosis, focusing on auditory and communicative abilities. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were included based on the presence of genetically confirmed ichthyosis patients who underwent CI. Results: A total of 29 studies were identified, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 47 patients. Genetic analysis revealed GJB2 mutations in 40 patients, with a prevalence of the c.148G>A (D50N) mutation. All patients experienced sensorineural hearing loss, predominantly severe to profound. CI was performed in all patients, with significant improvements in speech discrimination and auditory thresholds (89.4%). Complications post-implant were noted in 78.6% of cases, primarily involving wound infections and dehiscence. Conclusions: Despite the potential for significant complications, the overall outcomes suggest that CI can markedly enhance the quality of life of subjects. Multidisciplinary approaches and careful surgical planning are crucial to managing these patients effectively. Future research should aim for larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods to further understand CI outcomes in this population.
Propolis Hydroalcoholic Extracts: Biochemical Characterization and Antifungal Efficacy
Authors: Sadallah Abderraouf , Aprea Eugenio , Cignola Rudy , Caratti Andrea , Cordero Chiara , Angeli Andrea , Martens Stefan , Di Francesco Alessandra
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the antifungal potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis against the causal agent of grey mould, Botrytis cinerea, by in vitro and in vivo assays. Five different propolis from different Italian regions were subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction using different ethanol concentrations and extraction methods. The preliminary bio-assay showed significant inhibitory effects on B. cinerea mycelial growth of propolis extracts obtained using 90% ethanol and subjected to sonication. The calculation of EC50 values, based on the demonstrated efficacy of non-volatile and volatile metabolites of propolis extracts, was useful to understand the main fraction involved in the antifungal activity of the samples and to perform the in vivo assay on grape and blueberry fruits. Three of the propolis extracts showed a high amount of genistein. Conversely, the other two propolis showed a fair amount of apigenin, caffeic acid, chrysin, ferulic acid, kaempferol, luteolin, p-coumaric acid and quercetin. From the volatile analysis of propolis, the main compounds detected were α-cadinol, α-eudesmol, calamenene, cadinol, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. The results suggest that propolis extracts have potential as an effective postharvest antifungal treatment, with varying degrees of efficacy depending on the extraction method and the type of propolis metabolites.
Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination and Uptake Willingness in Northern Nigeria: Understanding Strategies to Optimize Coverage
Authors: Njoku Chris Chukwunyere , Ani Judith Ifunanya , Batisai Kezia
Published: January 2025

Background: Vaccination is a proven and safe method for combating COVID-19; however, coverage remains low in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. There is also a lack of contextual evidence regarding the public perception of and willingness to receive vaccines. This study aims to contribute to efforts to optimize the vaccination coverage and improve public health in northern Nigeria. Objective: This study investigated the perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to uptake the vaccine in northern Nigeria, aiming to identify strategies for optimizing coverage and enhancing vaccination rates. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted across the Federal Capital Territory and five northern states in Nigeria. The survey assessed the respondents’ perceptions of COVID-19, their knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, and their willingness to be vaccinated. Descriptive and inferential (multivariate logistic regression) statistical analyses were employed to characterize the population and identify predictors of vaccine uptake. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.00 years. The majority reported at least one piece of misinformation regarding COVID-19. While awareness of the vaccine was high, its actual uptake was low, and future willingness to receive the vaccine was also limited. Employment status emerged as a significant predictor of vaccine uptake, as determined through the multivariate analysis. Furthermore, collaboration with NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs) was identified as the most effective strategy for enhancing vaccine uptake. Conclusions: This study found a concerningly low willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among participants in northern Nigeria. To address this issue, we recommend establishing partnerships with NGOs and CBOs, implementing extensive public awareness campaigns, and conducting community outreach programs. These efforts should focus on dispelling misinformation, building community trust, and promoting vaccine uptake through culturally appropriate communication materials.
Mechanistic Wound Healing of Ficus trijuja Leaf Extract and Its Lipid Nanocapsule Supported by Metabolomic Profiling and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Hashad Ingy M. , Aly Shaza H. , Saleh Dalia O. , Abo El-Nasr Nesma M. E. , Shabana Marwa E. , El-Tokhy Fatma Sa’eed , El-Nashar Heba A. S. , Abdelmohsen Usama R. , Mostafa Nada M. , Mostafa Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the metabolic profile and wound-healing capabilities of Ficus trijuja, a species within the Moraceae family, for the first time. Ficus plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and alkaloids, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of Ficus extracts in wound healing, with evidence of improved wound contraction, strength, and faster epithelization. This study shows the impact of F. trijuja extract in a gel base as well as when delivered through a lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) formula, on all phases of wound-healing in rats, by determining the expression levels of their key markers. The results indicated that treatment with F. trijuja extract accelerated wound healing, particularly when applied through lipid nanocapsulation, which shows comparable efficacy to standard treatments like MEBO® with approximately 2.62% improvement in wound healing when compared to MEBO® itself. Understanding these molecular markers offers insights for developing targeted therapies to optimize wound healing and prevent complication development. To unravel the phytochemical composition of F. trijuja extract, LC-HRESIMS analysis was implemented, which revealed 24 secondary metabolites belonging to different classes of flavonoids, terpenoids, and megastigmane. In conclusion, both Ficus trijuja gel and its nanoformulation have proven efficacy in wound healing in vivo and can be further investigated for potential clinical use.
Localization of Potential Energy in Hydrogen Bonds of the ATXN2 Gene
Authors: Drobotenko Mikhail , Lyasota Oksana , Dzhimak Stepan , Svidlov Alexandr , Baryshev Mikhail , Leontyeva Olga , Dorohova Anna
Published: January 2025

It is known that a number of neurodegenerative diseases, also called diseases of waiting, are associated with the expansion of the polyQ tract in the first exon of the ATXN2 gene. In the expanded polyQ tract, the probability of occurrence of non-canonical configurations (hairpins, G-quadruplexes, etc.) is significantly higher than in the normal one. Obviously, for their formation, the occurrence of open states (OSs) is necessary. Calculations were made for these processes using the angular mechanical model of DNA. It has been established that the probability of the large OS zones genesis in a DNA segment depends not only on the “strength” of the nucleotide sequence but also on the factors determining the dynamics of DNA; localization of the energy in the DNA molecule and the potential energy of interaction between pairs of nitrogenous bases also depend on environmental parameters. The potential energy of hydrogen bonds does not remain constant, and oscillatory movements lead to its redistribution and localization. In this case, OSs effectively dissipate the energy of oscillations. Thus, mathematical modeling makes it possible to calculate the localization of mechanical energy, which is necessary for the OSs formation, and to predict the places of their origin, taking into account the mechanical oscillations of the DNA molecule.
Biomass-Derived Nanoporous Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths for Environmental Lipopolysaccharide Adsorption from Aqueous Media
Authors: Jandosov Jakpar , Berillo Dmitriy , Misra Anil , Alavijeh Mo , Chenchik Dmitriy , Baimenov Alzhan , Bernardo Maria , Azat Seitkhan , Mansurov Zulkhair , Silvestre-Albero Joaquin , Mikhalovsky Sergey
Published: January 2025

After undergoing biological treatment, wastewater still contains substances with endotoxic activity, such as lipopolysaccharide. However, due to the increasing practice of treating wastewater to make it suitable for drinking (potable reuse), the removal of these endotoxic active materials is crucial. These substances can be harmful to human health, leading to a condition called endotoxaemia. Furthermore, environmental endotoxins pose risks to pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and the quality of the final pharmaceutical products. Ultimately, the most significant concern lies with the patient, as exposure to such substances can have adverse effects on their health and well-being. Activated carbon has a proven efficiency for endotoxin removal; rice husk (RH), as a type of natural lignocellulosic agricultural waste, is a unique carbon precursor material in terms of its availability, large-scale world production (over 140 million tons annually), and is characterized by the presence of nanoscale silica phytoliths, which serve as a template to create additional meso/macropore space within the nanoscale range. High surface area RH/lignin-derived honeycomb monoliths were prepared in this study via extrusion, followed by carbonization and physical and chemical activation to develop additional pore space. The nanoporosity of the carbon honeycomb monoliths was established by means of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption studies, using calculations based on QSDFT equilibrium and BJH models, as well as mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and SEM investigations. An alternative method for the elimination of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—a conventional marker—using filtration in flowing recirculation systems and the adsorbent activity of the monoliths towards LPS was investigated. Since LPS expresses strong toxic effects even at very low concentrations, e.g., below 10 EU/mL, its removal even in minute amounts is essential. It was found that monoliths are able to eliminate biologically relevant LPS levels, e.g., adsorption removal within 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of circulation reached the values of 49.8, 74.1, 85.4, 91.3%, and 91.6%, respectively.
The Role of Genetic Resistance in Rice Disease Management
Authors: Danso Ofori Andrews , Zheng Tengda , Titriku John Kwame , Appiah Charlotte , Xiang Xing , Kandhro Abdul Ghani , Ahmed Muhammad Irfan , Zheng Aiping
Published: January 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a crucial staple crop for global food security, particularly in Asia. However, rice production faces significant challenges from various diseases that can cause substantial yield losses. This review explores the role of genetic resistance in rice disease management, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant–pathogen interactions and strategies for developing resistant varieties. The paper discusses qualitative and quantitative resistance, emphasizing the importance of resistance (R) genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance. Gene-for-gene relationships in rice–pathogen interactions are examined, particularly for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Magnaporthe oryzae. The review also covers recent advancements in breeding techniques, including marker-assisted selection, genetic engineering, and genome editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas. These approaches offer promising avenues for enhancing disease resistance in rice while maintaining yield potential. Understanding and exploiting genetic resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing durable and broad-spectrum disease-resistant rice varieties, essential for ensuring sustainable rice production and global food security in the face of evolving pathogen threats and changing environmental conditions.
The Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Neuropeptide Orcokinin’s Efficiency in Whitening and Skincare
Authors: Wang Pingyang , Xiao Xiao , Yang Ya , Liang Guiqiu , Lu Shengtao , Tang Liang , Huang Hongyan , He Ji , Tong Xiaoling
Published: January 2025

The silkworm neuropeptide Orcokinin (abbreviated as BommoOK) is equipped with multiple biological functions, one of which acts as a pigmentation inhibitor. To explore the whitening efficiency of BommoOK, the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and its adaptability on the cell for six mature peptides of BommoOK were investigated in this paper. At the same time, BommoOKA_type4, the peptide with the best melanin inhibition effect, was used as an additive to prepare a whitening cream, and the effects on skin moisture, oil content, fine lines, skin glossiness, pores, and pigment depth were determined. The results revealed that the cream added with BommoOKA_type4 peptide showed a good improvement effect on the skin, especially in significantly reducing the pigment depths of skin. The results displayed a potential application of BommoOK in whitening and skincare products as an excellent additive and provide certain references for the mechanism research of BommoOK in inhibiting melanin synthesis.
Molecular Characterization of Anion Exchanger 2 in Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Role in Nitrite Stress
Authors: Li Xuenan , Dai Xilin
Published: January 2025

Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) mediates the Cl−/HCO3− transmembrane exchange process and regulates intracellular pH homeostasis. In this study, the AE2 gene (GenBank: PQ073349) was cloned and characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. Employing bioinformatics, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and RNA interference, we explored the gene’s sequence characteristics, tissue distribution, and the effects of nitrite on shrimp survival, physiology, and tissue damage following gene silencing. The results showed that AE2 cDNA was 5134 bp in length, encoding 1293 amino acids, which includes both the Band3 and HCO3− structural domains. AE2 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in muscle. After silencing AE2, shrimp survival increased and hemolymph nitrite levels decreased. Notably, the oxidative stress enzyme system was not severely affected, and gill tissue damage was reduced. In addition, the expression level of Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that AE2 and NKCC1 are jointly involved in regulating the physiological process of nitrite entry into the shrimp body through gill tissue. Overall, this study provides a crucial experimental foundation for addressing the toxicity concerns associated with nitrite.
Optimal Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-mRNA for Transient CAR T Cell Generation
Authors: Kitte Reni , Serfling Robert , Blache Ulrich , Seitz Claudius , Schrader Selina , Köhl Ulrike , Fricke Stephan , Bär Christian , Tretbar U. Sandy
Published: January 2025

Genetically modified T lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and are also intensively being investigated for other diseases such as autoimmune disorders and HIV. Current CAR T cell therapies predominantly use viral transduction methods which, despite their efficacy, raise safety concerns related to genomic integration and potentially associated malignancies as well as labor- and cost-intensive manufacturing. Therefore, non-viral gene transfer methods, especially mRNA-based approaches, have attracted research interest due to their transient modification and enhanced safety profile. In this study, the optimization of CAR-mRNA for T cell applications is investigated, focusing on the impact of mRNA modifications, in vitro transcription protocols, and purification techniques on the translation efficiency and immunogenicity of mRNA. Furthermore, the refined CAR-mRNA was used to generate transient CAR T cells from acute myeloid leukemia patient samples, demonstrating efficacy in vitro and proof-of-concept for clinically relevant settings. These results highlight the potential of optimized mRNA to produce transient and safe CAR T cells.
Transitioning from MLOps to LLMOps: Navigating the Unique Challenges of Large Language Models
Authors: Pahune Saurabh , Akhtar Zahid
Published: January 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as the GPT series, LLaMA, and BERT, possess incredible capabilities in human-like text generation and understanding across diverse domains, which have revolutionized artificial intelligence applications. However, their operational complexity necessitates a specialized framework known as LLMOps (Large Language Model Operations), which refers to the practices and tools used to manage lifecycle processes, including model fine-tuning, deployment, and LLMs monitoring. LLMOps is a subcategory of the broader concept of MLOps (Machine Learning Operations), which is the practice of automating and managing the lifecycle of ML models. LLM landscapes are currently composed of platforms (e.g., Vertex AI) to manage end-to-end deployment solutions and frameworks (e.g., LangChain) to customize LLMs integration and application development. This paper attempts to understand the key differences between LLMOps and MLOps, highlighting their unique challenges, infrastructure requirements, and methodologies. The paper explores the distinction between traditional ML workflows and those required for LLMs to emphasize security concerns, scalability, and ethical considerations. Fundamental platforms, tools, and emerging trends in LLMOps are evaluated to offer actionable information for practitioners. Finally, the paper presents future potential trends for LLMOps by focusing on its critical role in optimizing LLMs for production use in fields such as healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity.
Gut Microbiome Diversity in European Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from La Union, Northern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Castillo Diana , Abella Evaristo , Sinpoo Chainarong , Phokasem Patcharin , Chantaphanwattana Thunyarat , Yongsawas Rujipas , Cervancia Cleofas , Baroga-Barbecho Jessica , Attasopa Korrawat , Noirungsee Nuttapol , Disayathanoowat Terd
Published: January 2025

Insects often rely on symbiotic bacteria and fungi for various physiological processes, developmental stages, and defenses against parasites and diseases. Despite their significance, the associations between bacterial and fungal symbionts in Apis mellifera are not well studied, particularly in the Philippines. In this study, we collected A. mellifera from two different sites in the Municipality of Bacnotan, La Union, Philippines. A gut microbiome analysis was conducted using next-generation sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial and fungal community compositions were assessed using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequences, respectively. Our findings confirm that adult worker bees of A. mellifera from the two locations possess distinct but comparably proportioned bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Key bacterial symbionts, including Lactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, and Frischella, were identified. The fungal community was dominated by the yeasts Zygosaccharomyces and Priceomyces. Using the ENZYME nomenclature database and PICRUSt2 software version 2.5.2, a predicted functional enzyme analysis revealed the presence of β-glucosidase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione transferase, and superoxide dismutase, which are involved in host defense, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy support. Additionally, we identified notable bacterial enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPs nucleosidase. Interestingly, the key bee symbionts were observed to have a negative correlation with other microbiota. These results provide a detailed characterization of the gut microbiota associated with A. mellifera in the Philippines and lay a foundation for further metagenomic studies of microbiomes in native or indigenous bee species in the region.
Correlation of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 Score with Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality for Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Observational Study
Authors: Calis Aliye Gamze , Karaboga Burcu , Uzer Fatih , Kaplan Nermin , Karaca Mustafa , Gedik Rojan Barış , Durmuş Ahmet Alper
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Community-acquired pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and various scoring systems and laboratory assessments are available for predicting prognosis. The untapped potential of combining the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and their correlation with the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 motivated our research. We thought that this would provide more robust data for predicting CAP prognosis. We aimed to assess hematologic parameters’ associations with the PSI, CURB-65, and qSOFA scores for predicting the prognosis of hospitalized CAP patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a multicenter, observational study conducted in three hospitals in Türkiye, Antalya. Methods: A total of 343 patients hospitalized with CAP in three centers in Turkey, Antalya, between 1 January 2020 and 30 September 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic data, comorbidities, vital signs, radiological images, laboratory findings, and 30-day mortality results of the patients were recorded. CURB-65, PSI, and qSOFA scores were calculated. Results: This study included 163 females (47%) with an average age of 74 ± 11.8. Hospital mortality occurred in 51 patients. Non-survivor CAP cases had higher ages (p = 0.007), CURB-65 scores (p < 0.001), PSIs (p < 0.001), and qSOFA scores (p < 0.001) and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.001) and total antibiotic duration (p < 0.001). Additionally, the NLR (p = 0.009), MLR (p = 0.018), and PLR (p = 0.025) were higher in the non-survivor group. The CURB-65, PSI, and qSOFA scores demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for in-hospital mortality. In the ROC analysis conducted to predict in-hospital mortality, the area under the curve (AUC) for CURB-65, the PSI, and qSOFA was determined to be 0.83, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. The NLR correlated positively with CURB-65, the PSI, and qSOFA; the PLR correlated with the PSI and qSOFA; and the MLR correlated with CURB-65. Conclusions: CURB-65 and PSI scores remain highly effective for predicting in-hospital mortality in CAP patients, as demonstrated by their superior AUC values. While the NLR, MLR, and PLR showed weak predictive performance compared to these scores, their correlations suggest their potential as adjunctive markers.
The Impact of Adverse Events in Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy on Histopathological Diagnosis
Authors: Tsumura Kenji , Umemoto Shushi , Zaizen Yoshiaki , Matama Goushi , Ishii Hidenobu , Sumita Sakiko , Mitsui Yousuke , Ichikawa Yutaka , Tabata Kazuhiro , Okamoto Masaki , Tominaga Masaki , Akiba Jun , Fukuoka Junya , Hoshino Tomoaki
Published: January 2025

Background: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has a high incidence of adverse events. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of these events and the condition of the pathology samples or pathological diagnosis in TBLC. Methods: We studied 102 patients who underwent TBLC for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. We analyzed the association between the condition or diagnosis of pathology samples and the occurrence of TBLC-related adverse events, including hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Results: The adverse events occurred in 19 patients (18.6%), of which hemorrhage was the most common (14 patients, 13.7%). The patients who experienced adverse events, especially hemorrhage, were less likely to have successful sampling with TBLC and showed lower diagnostic confidence in the pathology results. The diagnostic confidence was level A in 50 cases (49.0%) and level C in 23 cases (22.6%). TBLC-related adverse events, including hemorrhage, were significantly more common in patients with lower pathological confidence levels. Conclusions: TBLC-related adverse events, particularly hemorrhage, can lead to fewer successful samples and lower levels of diagnostic confidence.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Previous Mitral Valve Surgery—Review
Authors: Olasińska-Wiśniewska Anna , Misterski Marcin , Grygier Marek , Konstanty-Kalandyk Janusz , Urbanowicz Tomasz , Lesiak Maciej , Jemielity Marek , Dąbrowski Maciej
Published: January 2025

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an optimal alternative in selected groups of patients and evolved from procedures in non-option patients to lower-risk-profile patients. One of its main indications is previous cardiac surgery, since redo-intervention is burdened with a higher risk of complications. However, TAVI after mitral valve surgery may raise concerns due to potential interference with the mitral prosthesis or ring during or after the procedure. The present paper reviews the current knowledge, including possible complications and procedural aspects.
Gambling Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review on the Challenge of Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Culicetto Laura , Impellizzeri Federica , Lo Buono Viviana , Marafioti Giulia , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Sorbera Chiara , Brigandì Amelia , Quartarone Angelo , Marino Silvia
Published: January 2025

Background: Pathological gambling (PG) is a significant non-motor complication in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often linked to dopaminergic therapies. PG impacts the quality of life of patients and their families, presenting unique challenges due to its interplay with motor symptoms and cognitive impairments in PD. This scoping review synthesized current evidence on rehabilitation strategies for PG in PD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted across the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases to identify studies addressing pharmacological, psychological, and neuromodulatory approaches. The scoping objective was to map the available evidence on treatment strategies and identify research gaps. Results: Of 537 studies, 5 met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacological strategies included dopamine agonist adjustments, naltrexone, and amantadine, which showed partial efficacy but were often limited by significant side effects. Neuromodulation via deep brain stimulation (DBS) demonstrated potential by modulating limbic circuits, though risks like apathy and transient symptom exacerbation were noted. Psychological interventions, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), were the most effective in modifying gambling behaviors, though adaptations are needed for PD-specific cognitive and psychiatric challenges. Conclusions: Effective rehabilitation for PG in PD requires a multidisciplinary approach to balance motor symptom management with impulse control disorders. While pharmacological, psychological, and neuromodulatory interventions show promise, gaps remain regarding their long-term efficacy, combined use, and tailoring to PD-specific needs. The lack of large-scale, comparative studies and limited exploration of novel therapeutic combinations underscore the need for further research to optimize patient outcomes and develop comprehensive treatment frameworks.
Leveraging Dental Visits for Systemic Health: Diabetes Screening and Referral Compliance in Periodontitis Patients in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Norwir Nur Adila , Mohd-Said Shahida , Abdul Aziz Aznida Firzah , Mohd-Dom Tuti Ningseh
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Opportunistic diabetes screening in dental clinics is an innovative strategy with significant public health implications. Methods: This prospective observational study assessed diabetes risk and referral compliance among periodontitis patients using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and capillary fasting blood glucose (cFBG). Patients with FINDRISC ≥ 11 and/or cFBG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L were classified as high-risk and referred for further medical evaluation, with compliance tracked through medical practitioner feedback. Results: A total of 142 participants were recruited by 20 general dental practitioners (GDPs). Of these, 36.4% (n = 47) had a FINDRISC ≥ 11, with a mean score of 7.7 ± 4.5, and 26.3% (n = 34/129) had cFBG levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/L. There was no significant difference between periodontal status and FINDRISC (p = 0.291) or between periodontal status and cFBG (p = 0.129). Overall, 54 patients (41.8%) were referred for follow-up, with 33 (61.1%) completing the process. Among those who completed referrals, 10 (30.3%) were diagnosed with prediabetes and seven (21.2%) with diabetes. Non-compliance was more common among patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Conclusions: This study shows the feasibility of integrating diabetes risk screening into private dental practice and its potential to identify high-risk individuals. Shared care models and policy adaptations are essential to improve interdisciplinary collaboration and overcome referral compliance barriers.
Optimization of Deposition Temperature and Gyroid Infill to Improve Flexural Performance of PLA and PLA–Flax Fiber Composite Sandwich Structures
Authors: Calabrese Luigi , Marabello Gabriele , Chairi Mohamed , Di Bella Guido
Published: January 2025

This research investigates the optimization of 3D-printed sandwich structures fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF) with polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA reinforced with flax fibers. The core of the sandwich structure features a gyroid infill pattern, which is known for its mechanical efficiency. The study delves into the effects of deposition temperature on the adhesion between the core and skin layers, as well as the impact of infill density on the overall mechanical properties. Three-point bending tests are conducted to assess the flexural performance of the structures. The objective is to identify the optimal processing parameters to enhance the performance of PLA-based composite sandwich structures. Potential applications for these structures include lightweight components for automotive interiors, sustainable packaging solutions, and architectural elements requiring a balance of strength and environmental sustainability.
Influence of the Oscillation Parameters Amplitude and Frequency on the Microstructure of Laser-Welded Thin Nitinol Foils
Authors: Katrakova-Krüger Danka , Weichert Sabine , Hartl Christoph
Published: January 2025

Laser welding has become well established for joining Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys and extends the manufacturability of highly functional components with complex geometries. Published studies on the effect of laser welding on alterations to microstructure and properties of these alloys, however, mainly deal with conventional component dimensions and linear laser beam movement. In view of the increasing importance of microtechnology, research into joining of thin-walled Ni-Ti components is therefore of interest. At the same time, studies comparing oscillating and linear beam movement on other materials and the authors’ own work on Ni-Ti materials suggest that oscillating beam movement has a more favorable effect on alterations in material properties and microstructure. Therefore, laser welding of foils made of Ni55/Ti45 with 125 µm thickness was systematically analyzed using a fiber laser and circular oscillation. Amplitude A and frequency f were varied from 0 to 200 µm and 0 to 2000 Hz, respectively. Microstructural analysis showed that by increasing the frequency, grain refinement could be achieved up to a certain value of f. An increasing amplitude led to decreasing hardness values of the weld seam, while the influence of f was less pronounced. The analysis of the weld material using chip calorimetry (Flash DSC) revealed that the beam oscillation had fewer effects on the change in transformation points compared to a linear beam movement.
Innovation Diffusion in Land Resource Use Practices Around Cameroon’s Hollow Frontiers
Authors: Mairomi Harry Wirngo , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Awazi Nyong Princely , Tume Suiven John Paul , Ngong Tosam Hycinth , Yenlajai Banseka JaneFrances
Published: January 2025

Innovation diffusion has been extensively explored in several contexts, with little application to hollow frontiers—economically attractive areas with resource opportunities. This dearth of scientific data bedevils the design of resource-planning approaches for hollow frontiers. Using the innovation diffusion model as an analytical lens, this study; (1) maps key resources and actors engaged in the Mungo corridor hollow frontier, (2) analyzes the differential patterns of innovation and the forces that drive them, and (3) explores the management implications of resource-linked innovation diffusion. A random sample of 100 households was conducted in the Njombe-Penja communities of the Mungo Corridor. The analysis reveals the following: Firstly, rich fertile soils, forests, quarries and water resources are the key resources exploited by farmers, bureaucrats, businessmen, NGOs and other enterprises who constitute the key innovation actors in Njombe-Penja. Secondly, differential patterns of innovation exist, with techniques and products introduced by companies/state departments to farmers and by NGOs and technical/research departments to communities and state, private and community-based enterprises. This leads to varied resource use outcomes. Innovations are significant in the domain of agriculture (62%) and quarrying (65%), moderately significant in the forest sector (55%) and least significant in water resources (48%). Economic (63%), natural (25%), socio-cultural (23.7%) and political drivers (50%) explain the diverse outcomes linked to innovation diffusion. Finally, the most significant implications of innovations are in the domain of agriculture through improved cropping systems and the use of disease-resistant species. Here, specialization in cash crop cultivation and fruit culture (white pepper, pawpaw, pineapples) is predominant. Additionally, this sector has witnessed the introduction of new methods of cultivation. The least significant implications were recorded for forest use practices. Innovations sustain new dynamics for this resource-rich area and provide new opportunities for reflections on reorganizing resource use for successful management. Power manifestations in the context of the diffusion of innovations are new areas to consider for further research.
“Again” and “Again”: A Grammatical Analysis of lại and nữa in Vietnamese
Authors: Liao Yi-Ling Irene , Lin Tzong-Hong Jonah
Published: January 2025

This work examines the grammatical properties of lại and nữa in Vietnamese, both of which can express the repetition of an event. It has been observed that different syntactic positions of lại result in different readings, as noted in previous studies. When lại precedes a verb, it may assume either the repetitive reading or restitutive reading. When lại follows a verb, it can only assume the restitutive reading. Nữa can be used for the repetitive reading and the incremental reading as well, in the sense that an activity is incremented by adding subevents measured along some dimension, as discussed by Tovena & Donazzan (2008). We adopt Stechow’s (1996) structural analysis and the theory of focus semantics and propose that the preverbal lại is adjoined to vP, which can be focus-associated with an element within its c-command domain, i.e., vP or VP. This is the origin of the ambiguous readings of the preverbal lại. The postverbal lại is adjoined to VP, and this is the reason why it does not yield ambiguous readings. We also propose that nữa is adjoined to vP, along with the movement of vP to a higher functional projection. This results in the surface final position of nữa.
In Pursuit of Civic Engagement in Texas: Leveraging Trust in a Changed Legal Landscape
Authors: Copeland Catherine , O’Dell Amy , Smith Abigail , Garcia Jessica , Kabala Boleslaw Z.
Published: January 2025

Recent legislation in Texas changes the legal civic engagement landscape. With Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion programs now prohibited on public university campuses, advocates of affirmative steps to reach historically underserved groups may face unexpected obstacles. And recent Supreme Court decisions, on the use of race as a factor in college admissions, further increase the challenges. Due to these shifts in the goals public universities can legally pursue, what are the most appropriate civic engagement policy steps to eliminate barriers to success and realize a diverse student body? Building on the Town Hall program at Tarleton State University, and the specific ways in which it leverages trust, we make three recommendations: (1) Institutions should maintain an openness to outreach, through the leadership of student groups and invited guest speakers and other initiatives, to those on campus who struggle with the burden of invisibility; (2) Town Hall and related civic engagement programs should fine-tune the selection of advanced peer leaders, making it easier for them to pursue expertise in the classroom, in turn facilitating their ability to attract speakers as recommended in (1); and (3) institutions should ensure an opening for representatives to travel to underserved parts of the state, with the effect if not University-wide intention of increasing inclusion. Building on the research of Eric Morrow, Boleslaw Z. Kabala, and Christine Hartness in 2023, we seek to leverage trust for the sake of a genuinely inclusive environment, consistent with current legal limitations on civic engagement in Texas.
Updated Taxonomy of Chinese Craterellus (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) with Three New Species Described
Authors: Jiang Tian , Zhao Lei , Zhang Xu , Qin Hua-Zhi , Deng Hui , Mu Xiao-Dong , Zeng Nian-Kai
Published: January 2025

Species of Craterellus are interesting and important due to their mycorrhizal properties, medicinal value, and edibility. Despite extensive research on Craterellus in China, its taxonomy remains inadequately understood. This study presents three newly described species of Craterellus, namely C. albimarginatus, C. involutus, and C. longitipes, identified through morphological and phylogenetic analyses, with the goal of refining the taxonomy of Chinese Craterellus.
A Narrative Review Regarding Implication of Ovarian Endometriomas in Infertility
Authors: Văduva Constantin-Cristian , Dîră Laurențiu , Boldeanu Lidia , Șerbănescu Mircea-Sebastian , Carp-Velișcu Andreea
Published: January 2025

Endometriosis is a multifaceted gynecological disorder defined by endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is mainly localized in the pelvis and creates a local inflammatory environment responsible for its manifestations and complications. In 30–50% of cases, endometriosis is associated with infertility. In 17–44% of cases, the ovaries are affected in the form of ovarian endometriomas (OEs). The symptoms of OEs are not very pronounced. The development is slow. Diagnosis is difficult because OEs resemble cystic ovarian pathology, which is so diverse. The actual diagnosis is possible through direct visualization or laparoscopy. Surgical treatment by cystectomy is common for OEs. Recently, other therapeutic modalities have emerged that have less impact on ovarian reserves and pregnancy rates. In this context, the review attempts to shed light on the best diagnostic and treatment methods for an insidious pathology with a major impact on fertility.
Comparison of the Performance Parameters of BioHPP® and Biocetal® Used in the Production of Prosthetic Restorations in Dentistry—Part II: Physicochemical and Microbiological Tests: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kowalski Robert , Frąckiewicz Wojciech , Kwiatkowska Magdalena , Adamiak Marcin , Pruss Agata , Sobolewska Ewa
Published: January 2025

The natural aging process of the human organism leads to both physiological and pathological changes, including tooth loss. This requires dental prosthetic interventions aimed at restoring patients’ quality of life. The use of such prostheses necessitates selection of sufficiently strong, aesthetic and biocompatible materials, which also offer ease of shaping. The market for materials used in prosthetic applications offers a wide array of options; however, selection of the most suitable material for specific clinical scenarios can be challenging for dental professionals. This paper continues the comprehensive investigation of the physiochemical and mechanical/functional properties of two commonly used prosthetic—Biocetal and BioHPP—offering a comparative analysis of their characteristics to provide valuable insights for dentists and prosthodontists. The study focuses on in vitro analyses of physiochemical parameters, including density, water sorption, contact angle, and surface roughness. The structure of the materials was examined via scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, microbiological studies were performed using strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro–Wilk test, Q-Q plot analysis, Grubbs test, and Student’s T-test (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that BioHPP demonstrates superior physiochemical and microbiological properties. However, Biocetal exhibit better surface characteristics. Despite its high performance, BioHPP presents certain drawbacks, which may influence dentists’ material choice in specific clinical cases, particularly for certain prosthetic restorations.