bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Tocilizumab in Cytokine Storm and Improving Outcomes in COVID-19
Authors: Ali Afroze , Kamjani Milad H. , Kesselman Marc M.
Published: September 2020

:

To date, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-
2) has infected millions of individuals worldwide. This virus causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has led to numerous deaths worldwide. A
large percentage of infected patients present asymptomatically, augmenting the
spread of the virus. Symptomatic COVID-19 commonly causes mild to severe
respiratory disease and fever, but some individuals experience serious complications
resulting in death. Immune compromised, high risk, and elderly individuals
are at an increased risk of more severe consequences of the illness such as respiratory
failure, organ dysfunction, and shock. Cytokine storm (also known as cytokine
release syndrome (CRS)), a systemic inflammatory response that can be
triggered by an infection, has been associated with the symptom progression of
COVID-19. This review evaluates several published studies that have implemented
tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor antibody (US20120253016A1), in
COVID-19 treatment. Outcomes and biomarkers of patients treated with TCZ are
compared to patients treated with standard of care regimens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6),
a prominent inflammatory cytokine involved in CRS in various inflammatory
conditions, may have a vital role in the underlying mechanism involved in debilitating
SARS-CoV-2 infections and could serve as a viable treatment target.
Studies suggest that TCZ may aid in the recovery of patients with COVID-19
and reduce mortality.
Challenges and Issues in the Design of Micro-machined Antennas - A Review
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Pharwaha Amar P.S.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Patch antennas are composed of the substrate material with patch and
ground plane on both sides of the substrate. The dimensions and performance characteristics of the
antenna are highly influenced by choice of the appropriate substrate depending upon the value of
their dielectric constant. Generally, low index substrate materials are used to design the patch antenna,
but there are also some of the applications, which require the implementation of patch antenna
design on high index substrates like silicon and gallium arsenide.

Objective:

The objective of this article was to review the design of antennas developed on high index
substrate and the problems associated with the use of these materials as a substrate. Also, main
challenges and solutions have been discussed to improve the performance characteristics while using
the high index substrates.

Methods:

This review article is divided into various sections, including the solution of the problems
associated with the high index substrates in the form of the micro-machining process. Along with
this, types of micro-machining and its applications have been discussed in detail.

Results:

This review article investigates the various patch antennas designed with micro-machining
technology and also discusses the impact of the micro-machining process on the performance parameters
of the patch antennas designed on high index substrates.

Conclusion:

By using the micro-machining process, the performance of the patch antenna improves
drastically, but fabrication and tolerances at such minute structures are very tedious task for the antenna
designers.
Research on Improved Gamma Transform Face Image Preprocessing Fusion Algorithm Under Complex Lighting Conditions
Authors: Tang Xiaolin , Wang Xiaogang , Hou Jin , Wu Huafeng , He Ping
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Under complex illumination conditions, such as poor light sources and light
changes rapidly, there are two disadvantages of current gamma transform in pre-processing face
image: one is that the parameters of transformation need to be set based on experience; the other is
that the details of the transformed image are not obvious enough.

Objective:

To improve the current gamma transform.

Methods:

This study proposes a weighted fusion algorithm of adaptive gamma transform and edge
feature extraction. First, this paper proposes an adaptive gamma transform algorithm for face image
pre-processing, that is, the parameter of transformation generated by calculation according to the
specific gray value of the input face image. Secondly, this paper uses a Sobel edge detection operator
to extract the edge information of the transformed image to get the edge detection image. Finally,
this paper uses the adaptively transformed image and the edge detection image to obtain the final
processing results through a weighted fusion algorithm.

Results:

The contrast of the face image after pre-processing is appropriate, and the details of the
image are obvious.

Conclusion:

The method proposed in this paper can enhance the face image while retaining more
face details, without human-computer interaction, and has a lower computational complexity degree.
Automated Cluster Detection of Health Care–Associated Infection Based on the Multisource Surveillance of Process Data in the Area Network: Retrospective Study of Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Fan Yunzhou , Wu Yanyan , Cao Xiongjing , Zou Junning , Zhu Ming , Dai Di , Lu Lin , Yin Xiaoxv , Xiong Lijuan
Published: September 2020

Background

The cluster detection of health care–associated infections (HAIs) is crucial for identifying HAI outbreaks in the early stages.

Objective

We aimed to verify whether multisource surveillance based on the process data in an area network can be effective in detecting HAI clusters.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of HAIs and 3 indicators of process data relative to infection, namely, antibiotic utilization rate in combination, inspection rate of bacterial specimens, and positive rate of bacterial specimens, from 4 independent high-risk units in a tertiary hospital in China. We utilized the Shewhart warning model to detect the peaks of the time-series data. Subsequently, we designed 5 surveillance strategies based on the process data for the HAI cluster detection: (1) antibiotic utilization rate in combination only, (2) inspection rate of bacterial specimens only, (3) positive rate of bacterial specimens only, (4) antibiotic utilization rate in combination + inspection rate of bacterial specimens + positive rate of bacterial specimens in parallel, and (5) antibiotic utilization rate in combination + inspection rate of bacterial specimens + positive rate of bacterial specimens in series. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index to evaluate the warning performance of these surveillance strategies for the detection of HAI clusters.

Results

The ROC curves of the 5 surveillance strategies were located above the standard line, and the area under the curve of the ROC was larger in the parallel strategy than in the series strategy and the single-indicator strategies. The optimal Youden indexes were 0.48 (95% CI 0.29-0.67) at a threshold of 1.5 in the antibiotic utilization rate in combination–only strategy, 0.49 (95% CI 0.45-0.53) at a threshold of 0.5 in the inspection rate of bacterial specimens–only strategy, 0.50 (95% CI 0.28-0.71) at a threshold of 1.1 in the positive rate of bacterial specimens–only strategy, 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.77) at a threshold of 2.6 in the parallel strategy, and 0.32 (95% CI 0.00-0.65) at a threshold of 0.0 in the series strategy. The warning performance of the parallel strategy was greater than that of the single-indicator strategies when the threshold exceeded 1.5.

Conclusions

The multisource surveillance of process data in the area network is an effective method for the early detection of HAI clusters. The combination of multisource data and the threshold of the warning model are 2 important factors that influence the performance of the model.
Exploring Participants’ Experiences of a Web-Based Program for Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder: Qualitative Study
Authors: Yim See Heng , Bailey Emma , Gordon Gemma , Grant Nina , Musiat Peter , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Background

Guided cognitive behavioral self-help is a recommended first-line treatment for eating disorders (EDs) such as bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED). Online versions of such self-help programs are increasingly being studied in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with some evidence that they can reduce ED symptoms, although intervention dropout is variable across interventions. However, in-depth research into participants’ experiences and views on the acceptability of web-based interventions is limited.

Objective

This is a qualitative process study of participants’ experiences of everyBody Plus, a web-based cognitive behavioral intervention, integrated into a large RCT to aid the interpretation of the main trial’s results. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in digital intervention for EDs research to include real-time feedback into the qualitative analysis. This study aims to build upon the emerging literature by qualitatively exploring participants’ experiences of a web-based intervention for BN and BED.

Methods

Participants were those who took part in the UK arm of a larger RCT investigating the efficacy of the everyBody Plus intervention. Reflexive thematic analysis was completed on 2 sources of data from the online platform: real-time feedback quotes provided at the end of completing a module on the platform (N=104) and semistructured telephone interview transcripts (n=12).

Results

Four main themes were identified. The first theme identified positive and negative user experiences, with a desire for a more customized and personalized intervention. Another theme positively reflected on how flexible and easy the intervention was to embed into daily life, compared with the silo of face-to-face therapy. The third theme identified how the intervention had a holistic impact cognitively, emotionally, interpersonally, and behaviorally. The final theme was related to how the intervention was not a one size fits all and how the perceived usefulness and relevance were often dependent on participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics.

Conclusions

Overall, participants reported positive experiences with the use of the everyBody Plus web-based intervention, including flexibility of use and the potential to holistically impact people’s lives. The participants also provided valuable suggestions for how similar future web-based interventions could be improved and, in the context of EDs, how programs can be designed to be more inclusive of people by encompassing different demographic and clinical characteristics.
New Checklist for the Heuristic Evaluation of mHealth Apps (HE4EH): Development and Usability Study
Authors: Khowaja Kamran , Al-Thani Dena
Published: September 2020

Background

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Existing mobile health (mHealth) app design guidelines lack a description of the support of continuous self-monitoring of health status, behavior change to improve and adopt a healthy lifestyle, and communication with health educators and health care professionals in case of any need.

Objective

This paper presents the development of a specialized set of heuristics called heuristic evaluation for mHealth apps (HE4EH) as an all-in-one tool and its applicability by performing a heuristic evaluation of an mHealth app.

Methods

An extensive review of heuristics and checklists was used to develop the HE4EH. The HE4EH was evaluated by domain experts for heuristics, checklist items, severity ratings, and overall satisfaction. The OneTouch app, which helps individuals with diabetes manage their blood glucose levels, was evaluated using HE4EH to identify usability problems that need to be fixed in the app.

Results

The expert evaluation of HE4EH revealed that the heuristics were important, relevant, and clear. The checklist items across the heuristics were clear, relevant, and acceptably grouped. In terms of evaluating the OneTouch app using the HE4EH, the most frequently violated heuristics included Content, Visibility, Match, and Self-monitoring. Most of the usability problems found were minor. The system usability scale score indicated that the OneTouch app is marginally acceptable.

Conclusions

This heuristic evaluation using the OneTouch app shows that the HE4EH can play a vital role for designers, researchers, and practitioners to use HE4EH heuristics and checklist items as a tool to design a new or evaluate and improve an existing mHealth app.
STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF INTERACTION WITH THE SUPERVISORS DURING THE TRANSITION TO CLINICAL CLERKSHIPS
Authors: Sari Dian Puspita , Susani Yoga Pamungkas , Suryani Dewi , Amalia Emmy
Published: September 2020

Background: Transition to clinical clerkships involves significant changes for students in terms of learning environment and approach to learning. As clinical supervisors, doctors are one of the essential learning resources who also provide access for participation in a clinical environment. This study explored undergraduate medical students’ experiences during the transition to clinical clerkships to understand how these experiences affect their learning.This paper aims to report factors affecting students’ interaction with supervisors during the transition period.Method: This was a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were selected purposely to represent gender and group of student rotations. Eight 4th year medical students (five female, three male) submitted audio diaries during their first 12 weeks of clinical clerkships. Forty-six of the 73 audio diaries collected in the study contained interactions with supervisors, and these interactions were captured in 76 excerpts.Results: Six themes emerged regarding factors affecting the interaction: (1) characters of the supervisors including the willingness to teach, showing concerns, asking questions to test comprehension, inviting explicitly; (2) supervisors’ workload; (3) students’ clinical knowledge and skills; (4) students’ initiatives: actively participating, asking questions; (5) curriculum and organization: the chance to do mutual interaction (i.e.,mini-CEX), clarity of students’ roles and educational goals; (6) senior peers.Conclusions: Interactions between students and supervisors during the transition to clinical clerkships were influenced by factors internal to both parts and external factors like curriculum and organization, workload,and the presence of senior peers. However, during this phase, where students had not developed a situational understanding of the new environment, supervisors’ characters strongly influenced the interactions through the provision of affective support.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BEDSIDE TEACHING LEARNING METHODS TOWARDS THE SELF-EFFIFACY OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION IN MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Wati Dwi Rahma , Emilia Ova , Satriandari Yekti , Suhoyo Yoyo
Published: September 2020

Background: One of the competencies that must be mastered by health workers is therapeutic communication. Effective communication can increase patient satisfaction but on the contrary communication failure can cause poor information exchange, misdiagnosis, decreased participation and stressors in patients, and even death. Poor communication can be caused by low self efficacy. Bedside teaching learning through preseptor modeling can affect self efficacy in communication. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bedside teaching learning method towards the self-efficacy of therapeutic communication in midwifery students in clinical practice.Method: This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The research sample was all midwifery students in the fifth semester who had clinical practice at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital of Gamping, and Queen Latifa Hospital as many as 20 students. The sampling technique used saturated features. The research instrument used SE-12 and the preceptor’sassessment in bedside teaching. The bivariate analysis used paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: The results showed that the self-efficacy analysis of prior and after bedside teaching therapeutic communication in the certified group obtained mean different of 19.50 and those in the non-certified group obtained mean different of 5.13. There were differences, but not statistically significant with p-value of 0.153.Conclusion: Bedside teaching effectively increased the self-efficacy of midwifery student communication taught by certified preceptors compared to non-certified preceptors. The stages of bedside teaching in the certified group had a betterlevel of preceptor competence than the group that had not been certified. Clinical advisors are suggested to follow preceptorscertification to increase knowledge.
ITEM ANALYSIS AND PEER-REVIEW EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEMS AND APPLIED RESEARCH BLOCK EXAMINATION
Authors: Maulina Novi , Novirianthy Rima
Published: September 2020

Background: Assessment and evaluation for students is an essential component of teaching and learning process. Item analysis is the technique of collecting, summarizing, and using students’ response data to assess the quality of the Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) test by measuring indices of difficulty and discrimination, also distracter efficiency. Peer review practices improve quality of assessment validity in evaluating student performance.Method: We analyzed 150 student’s responses for 100 MCQs in Block Examination for its difficulty index (p), discrimination index (D) and distractor efficiency (DE) using Microsoft excel formula. The Correlation of p and D was analyzed using Spearman correlation test by SPSS 23.0. The result was analyzed to evaluate the peer-review strategy.Results: The median of difficulty index (p) was 54% or within the range of excellent level (p 40-60%) and the mean of discrimination index (D) was 0.24 which is reasonably good. There were 7 items with excellent p (40–60%) and excellent D (≥0.4). Nineteen of items had excellent discrimination index (D≥0.4). However,there were 9 items with negative discrimination index and 30 items with poor discrimination index, which should be fully revised. Forty-two of items had 4 functioning distracters (DE 0%) which suggested the teacher to be more precise and carefully creating the distracters.Conclusion: Based on item analysis, there were items to be fully revised. For better test quality, feedback and suggestions for the item writer should also be performed as a part of peer-review process on the basis of item analysis.
CLINICAL NURSING STUDENTS’ SELF CONFIDENCE DURING E-LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Gautama Made Satya Nugraha , Sugiarsih Sugiarsih , Harjanto Totok
Published: September 2020

Background: E-learning as a learning method with a flexible and interactive pedagogical approach has a positive impact on the value of self-confidence of nursing students. School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada (FMPHN UGM) develop e-learning for nursing students in clinical practice learning which requires an evaluation to e-learning implementation by describing the self-confidence of the nursing student after use e-learning. The purpose of this study was to describe self-confidence (SC) of the clinical nursing students based on 3 selfconfidence’s components that consist of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.Methods: A Descriptive study with a cross-sectional design toward 95 clinical nursing students in the stage of nursing management and basic nursing practice in September 2018 period at the School of Nursing FMPHN UGM. Data analysis used the univariate analysis with descriptive statistic test to describe respondent characteristic and variable. Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Instrument by National League for Nursing (NLN) in 2005 was used in this study. The instrument was through cultural adaptation and modification first.Results: The self-confidence of nursing students as e-learning evaluation found that the majority of respondents (90,5%) had high levels of self-confidence. Components of self confidence, consist of cognitive, affective and psychomotor also showed that the majority of respondents were in the high category (84,2%; 88,4%; 66,3%).Conclusion: Clinical nursing students have high self-confidence after going through e-learning.
Trends in Use and In-Hospital Outcomes of Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis
Authors: Pun Patrick H. , Parzynski Craig S. , Friedman Daniel J. , Sanders Gillian , Curtis Jeptha P. , Al-Khatib Sana M.
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

Patients on dialysis are at high risk of complications related to implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation; use of subcutaneous ICDs may be preferred over transvenous devices due to lower risk of bloodstream infection and interference with vascular access sites. We evaluated trends in use and in-hospital outcomes of subcutaneous compared with transvenous ICDs among patients on dialysis in the United States.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Retrospective analysis of ICD implants from 2012 to 2018 among patients on dialysis reported to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry, a nationally representative US ICD Registry. We examined overall trends in subcutaneous ICD adoption as a proportion of all eligible ICD implants among patients on dialysis and then compared in-hospital outcomes between eligible subcutaneous ICD and transvenous ICD recipients using inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results

Of the 23,136 total ICD implants in patients on dialysis during the study period, 3195 (14%) were subcutaneous ICDs. Among eligible first-time ICD recipients on dialysis, the proportion of subcutaneous ICDs used increased yearly from 10% in 2012 to 69% in 2018. In propensity score–weighted analysis of 3327 patients, compared with transvenous ICDs, patients on dialysis receiving subcutaneous ICDs had a higher rate of in-hospital cardiac arrest (2% versus 0.4%, P=0.002), but there was no significant difference in total in-hospital complications (2% versus 1%, P=0.08), all-cause death, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusions

The utilization of subcutaneous ICDs among US patients on dialysis has been steadily increasing. The overall risk of short-term complications is low and comparable with transvenous ICDs, but higher risks of in-hospital cardiac arrest merits closer monitoring and further investigation.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_09_23_CJN07920520.mp3
AN ASTROMETRIC AND PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE INTERMEDIATE-AGE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 2158 AND ITS ECLIPSING BINARY [NBN2015]78
Authors: Abdelaziz A. E. , Hendy Y. H. M. , Shokry A. , Saad S. M. , Kamal F. Y. , Edris K. A.
Published: September 2020

We present a photometric and astrometric analysis of the NGC 2158 cluster using Gaia DR2 and 2MASS data. The cluster age, color excess, intrinsic distance modulus and distance are calculated to be t = 2.240 ± 0.260 Gyr, E(B − V) = 0.420 ± 0.050 mag, (m − M)⨀ = 12.540 ± 0.130 mag and d⨀ = 3224 ± 200 pc respectively. The photometric analysis and light curve modelling of the proposed eclipsing binary member [NBN2015]78 is performed using the latest version of the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) code. The solutions show that the system is an over-contact binary with a secondary component filling its Roche lobe, with a mass ratio q = 0.262. The primary and the secondary components of the system consist of two late spectral types K1 and K2 respectively. The membership of [NBN2015]78 is discussed using two independent methods, and we find that [NBN2015]78 is an interloper and not a member of NGC 2158.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes VIH/SIDA diagnosticados con tuberculosis en el Servicio de Atención Integral del Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2010-2016
Authors: Elías Melgen Ricardo , Abreu Rosa , García Milandres
Published: September 2020

Introducción: el diagnóstico de TB puede ser particularmente difícil en niños infectados con VIH porque es común la superposición clínica con otra enfermedad relacionada con el VIH, lo que dificulta y retrasa un correcto diagnóstico.

Objetivo: conocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes VIH/SIDA diagnosticados con tuberculosis en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2010- 2016.

Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la información se obtuvo de los expedientes de los pacientes VIH/SIDA diagnosticados con tuberculosis en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2010-2016. Las variables de estudio se recolectaron en un instrumento diseñado para estos fines. Los datos se procesaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 2007 y en el análisis se usó estadística descriptiva.

Resultados: el 13.2 % de los pacientes con VIH desarrollaron TB, 72.3 % presentaba una inmunosupresión grave al momento del diagnóstico de TB, 45 % refería el antecedente de contacto TB y el 90.5 % era intradomiciliario. 53 % no estaba recibiendo TARV antes de establecer el diagnóstico TB. Tos (65.9 %), fiebre (61.7 %) y pérdida o mal progreso de peso (40.4 %), fueron las principales manifestaciones clínicas. 76.6 % completó 6 meses de tratamiento, 17 % se perdió durante el seguimiento y 4.3 % falleció durante el tratamiento.

Conclusión: 13.2 % de los pacientes con VIH desarrollaron tuberculosis, con un importante deterioro de su inmunidad al momento de hacer este diagnóstico, más de la mitad no recibía terapia antiretroviral; un alto porcentaje de estos pacientes tenían antecedente de contacto intradomiciliario con un caso TB, 17 % abandono tratamiento antituberculosis luego de iniciado.
Russian Foreign Policy and Public Diplomacy: Meeting 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Simons Greg
Published: September 2020

Foreign policy is about setting the policy aims and goals of a given country in the competitive environment of international affairs. When analyzing it, one should pay attention to many factors, namely, economic and energy potential, military-technical means, the presence of trade and economic partners, political weight and state image in the international arena, state membership in various international organizations. You can also highlight a number of tools that also play a large role in the foreign policy of states. As a specific instrument of foreign policy, public diplomacy concerns the regulation and management of international relations with various global publics in order to realise those foreign policy aims and goals. Specifically, public diplomacy intends to create a positive reputation and brand of the country, simultaneously increasing the countrys soft power potential, which is based on external and internal sources. This article intends to track and analyse the challenges and the role played by Russian public diplomacy in terms of meeting the challenges of the countrys foreign policy agenda in the 21st century. These challenges have been in a state of transformation as the nature of the environment of international relations changed. As a result, Russian public diplomacy has needed to evolve along with the changes at the global level and consequently the shifting demands enshrined in the foreign policy concepts. There are several identified distinct political policy periods noted: attempts to integrate into the Western-led global order; cooling relations with the United States dominated global order; and preparing for multi-polar and a post-Western global order.
Eurasian Economic Union: Prospects and Problems of Integration in the Post-Soviet Space
Authors: Belashchenko Dmitrij Aleksandrovich , Tolkachev Vitalij Valer’evich , Shodzhonov Imomidin Fozilovich
Published: September 2020

The article examines the state of integration processes in the post-Soviet area over the past decade, with a focus on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which has contributed to a holistic, comprehensive picture of the current situation with previous developments, consistent disclosure of the conditions for the development of integration processes, highlighting opportunities for the development of integration processes, their defining, designations of cause-and-effect relationships in international political processes in the region. With structural and functional analysis, presented by the mechanisms of functioning of the relevant factors of efficiency in the modern environment and to assess the mechanisms of their activity in changing conditions, the following elements are distinguished in the work: study of the stages of integration processes in the region, identification of factors influencing, analysis and comparison of statistical trade and economic indicators of the EAEU member states, as well as the prospects for the development of integration in the post-Soviet space. The use of SWOT analysis makes it possible to identify potential and weak factors in the development of the EAEU, assess the possibilities for the participation of the Russian Federation in this organization, using possible scenarios for the further functioning of the EAEU. Based on the analysis of macroeconomic indicators, political and economic processes within Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, the authors conclude that there is a high risk of contradictions in these areas in relations between the EAEU countries, which suggests the most likely scenario for the further development of integration processes in violation of the deadlines implementation of plans. The financial factor is the insufficient mechanism for overcoming integration ties in comparison with the European Union. As a prospective development of the EAEU, the most optimal way is seen as its transformation into a kind of economic and political organization.
From Systemic IR History to the Russian IR Theory. Interview with Professor Alexei D. Bogaturov
Authors: - -
Published: September 2020

Professor A.D. Bogaturov is a leading Russian IR scholar, orientalist and founder of the scientific school of applied analysis of international relations. A.D. Bogaturov graduated from the Faculty of International Relations of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1976, defended his PhD thesis on foreign policy of Japan in 1983 at the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and in 1996 at RAS Institute for US and Canadian Studies - his doctoral thesis on the relations of the USSR/Russia and the USA in East Asia. He was a visiting professor at the Brookings Institution, Columbia and Princeton Universities (USA). He worked at RAS Institute for International Security Problems, RAS Institute of World Economy and International Relations, RAS Institute for US and Canadian Studies, RAS Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry. In 2007-2012 he was deputy-rector at MGIMO University, dean of the Faculty of Political Science (2006-2007) and founder of the Department of Applied Analysis of International Problems. Professor A.D. Bogaturov launched the leading in Russia scientific journal on the theory of international relations - International Trends. For many years he had been organizing winter schools for young researchers in Russia, CIS, which helped many of them to become leading IR scholars. He is the author of more than 200 scientific works, including fundamental works on history and theory of international relations, international political analysis published in Russia, as well as in the USA, Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, and Italy. In his interview A.D. Bogaturov describes the way how the systematic approach influenced the teaching of IR history in Russia and how it gradually led to the formation of the Russian theory of international relations.
Russia’s Relations with the DPRK in the 21st Century: Results of the First 20 Years
Authors: Asmolov Konstantin Valerianovich , Zakharova Liudmila Vladimirovna
Published: September 2020

February 2020 marked 20 years since a new Treaty on Friendship, Good-neighborliness and Cooperation was signed between the Russian Federation and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK). The document constitutes a basis of modern bilateral relations, free of ideology and based on the principles of pragmatism and mutual benefit. The article explores main directions and results in bilateral ties in 2000-2019 in order to identify the priorities of Russia and the results that Moscow managed to achieve for each of them. The presented hierarchy of Russias key interests in relation to the DPRK makes it possible to assess the current level of bilateral interaction and outline the logic of its development and prospects. It was revealed that Russias top priority is stability on its borders. Neither a military conflict, nor a humanitarian catastrophe, nor a larger Republic of Korea is beneficial to Moscow. Therefore, the Russian Federation seeks to maintain the status quo, contributing (without prejudice to itself) to the economic development of North Korea. With regard to the nuclear settlement, Moscow is not concerned with Pyongyangs nuclear missile potential per se, but with its possible consequences for regional security. There is a clear understanding that North Korean nukes are not directed against Russia. The second-level priority is Moscows observance of its international obligations, the refusal of which may negatively affect the countrys positions in the international arena and other regions. This group of priorities includes Russias participation in the nuclear settlement and compliance with the UN Security Council sanctions. In the third place is the protection of Russian economic interests in the region, which are few at this stage, since most economic projects have a political background. The authors conclude that Russias strategic goals (peace and security in the Northeast Asia) have not been achieved yet, while the main tactical ones (i.e. border stability) have been mostly attained, although with some damage to less significant priorities (such as economic interests in the region).
Book review: Ponomarenko, L.V., Lukyanova, G.O. & Chikrizova, O.S. (2020). Kingdom of Morocco: The Pearl of the Arab West. Moscow: Aspekt Press publ., 232 p. (In Russian)
Authors: Zueva Elena Gennadyevna , Kudelin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2020

-
The Specificity of Functioning of Winged Expressions in the Poetry of Dmitry Bykov
Authors: Zykova Elena I.
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the specific features of the functioning of winged expressions in the poetry of Dmitry Bykov. Analyzing the poetic work of Dmitry Lvovich Bykov, a modern Russian writer, poet, public figure, publicist, it is impossible not to notice that the poet uses a winged language arsenal in all its diversity. These are biblical winged words and quotations ( мафусаилов век, ищите и обрящете, геенна огненная ), quotations from works, Russian and European literature ( Через четыре года здесь будет город-сад! Прощай, свободная стихия! Офелия, О нимфа! Помяни грехи мои в молитвах! ), winged words, dating back to antiquity ( Жребий брошен! белая ворона ), quotes from modern and Soviet songs ( Я люблю тебя жизнь и надеюсь, что это взаимно! ). In addition, the question of the specific stylistic functions of winged expressions, which Dmitry Bykov uses in his poetry, is considered. Among the most significant and most frequent and expressive can be distinguished satirical and compositional functions. In Russia, Dmitry Bykov is known as a writer, a satirist poet, writing mainly on acute political and socially significant topics. Therefore, it is completely understandable why one of the favorite winged words functions that he uses is depathetic. An important artistic language means in D. Bykovs poetic satire is his authors transformations of winged expressions. In the poetry of Dmitry Bykov, you can find the use of almost the whole range of individual-author transformations. Both semantic and structural-semantic. Dmitry Bykov is a master of a deep, complex image. In his poems, he creates complex allegories, his images are metaphorical, full of sarcasm. And in order to reach this depth of the image, the author most often uses not one, but several methods of transforming winged words within one context, which is, in our opinion, another specific feature of the writer's artistic style.
Russian Phraseological Minimum: Reality and Prospects
Authors: Ganapolskaya Elena V.
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the current problem of creating a Russian language phraseological minimum. The topic of lexical (including phraseological) minimums is one of the oldest and most discussed problems both in linguistics and in the methodology of foreign languages teaching. The study of the subject goes in two main directions: searching for the core of the lexical (phraseological) system and creating minimums for learning foreign languages. The main method used in this work is the method of analytical and synthetic processing of information and the statistical method. Both scientific sources and language material are selected from lexicographic sources, Russian National Corpus, textbooks and texts of modern Russian criminal prose which served as the material for the research. The article provides a brief overview of the main lexical, phraseological and paremiological minimums of Russian language, analyzes the basic principles of their creation and offers a way to solve the problem. Some principles of selecting units for the minimum are clarified. Special attention is paid to the problem of creating a phraseological minimum for teaching Russian to foreign students. The current minimums are created mainly on the basis of methodological principles, since the linguistic principles, as the authors of minimums for foreign students write, are not sufficiently developed. It is proposed to start by creating a phraseological minimum of the average native speaker on the basis of research of dictionary materials and sequential processing of a list of texts on certain topics. This work was started by the author on the material of texts of modern Russian criminal prose when writing the Phraseological dictionary of modern Russian detective and will be continued.
The role of unpaved roads in the formation of landslide processes (on the example of Voronezh region)
Authors: Timofeev Andrey N.
Published: September 2020

The article gives a brief description of the Voronezh region, provides data on the cause of landslides in its territory. The cyclical nature of landslide processes is noted, which in the region is on average 6-8 years. Attention is focused on anthropogenic activity, leading to the occurrence of creeping layers of the earth. The main causes of erosion processes are: significant plowing of the area (80%), which is not subject to the rules of anti-erosion agrotechnology; the irrational use of pastures and hayfields; an extensive gully-beam network. The role of temporary reservoirs formed in the ruts of unpaved roads, passing along the slopes and ravines, as a source of overmoistening of the soil layers and initiation of landslide processes is considered. The analysis of the landslide distribution over the territory of the Voronezh region and their dependence on the network of dirt roads is given. The areas of the Voronezh region were ranked by the number of landslide processes associated with the impact of a number of unpaved highways. Of the 32 districts of the region, according to this ranking, 12 are extremely dangerous, very dangerous and dangerous, and the same areas have a very extensive network of unpaved roads running near ravines, steep banks of rivers and ponds, where potentially flow of landslide processes. Dirt roads often have relatively deep ruts where melted or rainwater accumulates, forming local micro-ponds. Flowing to the waterproof layer, water saturates the soil layer, which can slide down the slope, forming a landslide process. It is necessary to predict the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena when laying automobile dirt roads.
ENSURING LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION, WORLD THREATS AND CHALLENGES ON THE EXAMPLE OF A PANDEMIC
Authors: Nematov Akmal R. , Sobitdukht Nafisa
Published: September 2020

The pandemic is one of those contemporary world challenges that today poses a global deadly threat to all mankind. Addressing the pandemic and ensuring human health through the lens of legal environmental safety seems to be timely. Adverse sanitary and epidemiological conditions, among other reasons, may arise out of the lack of a well-founded legal framework supporting the realization of the constitutional right of citizens to a favourable environment. The purpose of this article is to show the role of environmental security in preventing the sanitary and epidemiological crisis and ensuring public health. The article tried to analyse how environmental norms, rules of food and household hygiene were justified in the oldest monument of the Tajik people - Avesta, how the Zoroastrian religion explained the need to ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety of society and human health. Currently legal regulation of environmental protection and safeguarding public health attaches particular importance to such categories as health , life and safety . The last concept is increasingly filled with medical content worldwide. This is due to the fact that the category security is generally universal, and its application in legislation, obviously, implies certain reasons and consequences. The article briefly analyses the legal policy of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of environmental legislation and public health. Mechanisms and directions for improving the current legislation in the field of environmental protection have been studied, and legal decisions on ensuring public health have been considered.
PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE LAW PRINCIPLE: METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH
Authors: Skorobogatov Andrey V. , Krasnov Alexandr V.
Published: September 2020

The article explores the legal nature of law principles from the perspective of philosophical and legal analysis. The purpose of the article is to form scientifically based knowledge on the philosophical and legal nature of the category law principle using postclassical methodological tools. Research Methods: The methodology of the article is based on the postclassical scientific rationality. The authors use an integrative approach to the study of legal reality in combination with a phenomenological and synergetic methodology, thereby using a number of general scientific and special scientific methods in a particular logical system, which makes it possible to study law principles both ontologically, in terms of their role in law in general, and epistemologically as well as axiologically. Moreover, the content, functioning and development of law principles are considered phenomenologically, as well as in the context of law communication. Results: The law principle in the ontological aspect is a fundamental form of law, reflecting the most significant ideas concerning regulation of public relations; the law principle is used as a direct regulator along with the rule of law. The epistemological law principle can be interpreted as a generalizing category, reflecting interpretation and assessment of legal reality from the standpoint of postclassical methodology. From an axiological point of view, the law principle embodies the law and social values and traditions that are dominant within the framework of a given socio-cultural chronotope, and is also used as one of the fundamental tools for constructing legal reality and its development. Conclusions: the law nature of law principles is determined with the account of postclassical methodology onto-logically, epistemologically and axiologically, in terms of their dual role in formation, development and construction of legal reality at all of its levels, in the context of both objective and subjective factors. The findings can be applied in drawing up concepts of legal and judicial reforms in terms of targeted construction of legal reality, as well as in the process of predicting the development of the Russian legal system.
NEUROMARKETING AND FREE WILL IN CIVIL LAW
Authors: Likhter Pavel L.
Published: September 2020

The research is devoted to topical issues of law in the field of neuromarketing. The transition from commodity economy to economy of impressions is largely due to application of modern methods of monitoring brain functioning in order to increase efficiency of production and trading strategies. Due to the potential ability to influence the decision-making process of clients, neuromarketing attracts mixed opinions from lawyers and psychologists. The current legislation does not provide an appropriate level of regulation of neuroscience and their results in the market. At the same time, the precontractual impact on the consumer may contain signs of distorting the principles of freedom of contract, good faith, and reasonableness. The article proposes to consider the rational behavior of an individual - one of the main presumptions of civil law - from a new perspective, given the current results of neuropsychological research and ethical and legal aspects of social relations. The results of the work allow to speak about fundamental possibility of limiting the dynamic form of free will in a contractual obligation (up to the refusal of a transaction) if there are conditions related both directly to the psychophysiological characteristics of the counterparty and the pe-culiarities of neuromarketing effects under a specific contract. The relevance of hierarchical concepts of autonomy of will is noted; these are the situations when an individual choice is subject to legal protection, if it reflects a genuine will, consistent with the essential goals and values of the person. The absence of defects in awareness and voluntariness in such cases is a key aspect of principles of freedom of contract and reasonableness associated with a conscious decision when entering an obligation.
ON PREPARING THE NEW NOMENCLATURE OF SCIENTIFIC SPECIALTIES IN JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Vlasenko Nikolay A.
Published: September 2020

The article looks at the process of preparing a new nomenclature of scientific specialties in Russia. Special attention is paid to the development of a model of the nomenclatur of scientific specialties in law. The reasons for optimising the current nomenclature of scientific specialities are analysed as well the goals and objectives are set up for developers in regard to this document. A new design of scientific specialties in law is presented. Attention is drawn to its features, including compactness and avoiding excessive differentiation of scientific branches.