bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Impact of Medically Integrated Pharmacy Interventions on Oral Oncolytic Prescriptions
Authors: Darling Julianne O. , Starkey Austin J. , Nubla Josh J. , Reff Michael J.
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:

As the utilization of oral cancer medications rises, it is vital that cancer centers track costs associated with these expensive medications. This research seeks to report the cost interventions associated with medically integrated pharmacies (MIPs) and mail-order pharmacies.

METHODS:

Data collection occurred from October 2016 through May 2021. Volunteers input data from their oncology practice into NCODA's Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool, an innovative easy-to use tool that allows practices to document any cost saving interventions or waste occurrences.

RESULTS:

The Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool was used by nearly 50 MIPs across the country. Specifically, 26 practices submitted cost avoidance data, and 37 practices tracked waste associated with oral oncolytic therapy. Among the 26 practices, 677 cost avoidance events led to a total cost avoidance of $7,057,053.73 US dollars (USD). The net cost avoidance for the MIP's was $6,510,971.28 USD compared with $546,082.45 USD for the external mail-order pharmacies. Among the 37 practices that reported waste, 768 events were reported, leading to a total drug waste of $11,275,642.16 USD. Of that, $8,935,612.15 USD was attributed waste from external mail-order pharmacies, whereas $2,429,592.01 USD worth of drug waste was reported from MIPs.

CONCLUSION:

Medically integrated dispensing of oral oncolytic therapies allows for increased pharmacy oversight, leading to increased cost avoidance and reduced waste for patients and third-party payers. Although these data are difficult to compare because of the complexity of workflows at different dispensing sites, the real-world financial differences between medically integrated dispensing and mail-order pharmacies appear to be significant.
Similarities in Calcium Oscillations Between Neonatal Mouse Islets and Mature Islets Exposed to Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: D’Angelo Cathleen V , West Hannah L , Whitticar Nicholas B , Corbin Kathryn L , Donovan Lauren M , Stiadle Benjamin I , Nunemaker Craig S
Published: May 2022

Pulsatility is important to islet function. As islets mature into fully developed insulin-secreting micro-organs, their ability to produce oscillatory intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) patterns in response to glucose also matures. In this study, we measured [Ca2+]i using fluorescence imaging to characterize oscillations from neonatal mice on postnatal (PN) days 0, 4, and 12 in comparison to adult islets. Under substimulatory (3-mM) glucose levels, [Ca2+]i was low and quiescent for adult islets as expected, as well as for PN day 12 islets. In contrast, one-third of islets on PN day 0 and 4 displayed robust [Ca2+]i oscillations in low glucose. In stimulatory glucose (11 mM) conditions, oscillations were present on all neonatal days but differed from patterns in adults. By PN day 12, [Ca2+]i oscillations were approaching characteristics of fully developed islets. The immature response pattern of neonatal islets was due, at least in part, to differences in adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+-channel activity estimated by [Ca2+]i responses to KATP channel agents diazoxide and tolbutamide. Neonatal [Ca2+]i patterns were also strikingly similar to patterns observed in mature islets exposed to hyperglycemic conditions (20 mM glucose for 48 hours): elevated [Ca2+]i and oscillations in low glucose along with reduced pulse mass in high glucose. Since a hallmark of diabetic islets is dedifferentiation, we propose that diabetic islets display features of “reverse maturation,” demonstrating similar [Ca2+]i dynamics as neonatal islets. Pulsatility is thus an important emergent feature of neonatal islets. Our findings may provide insight into reversing β-cell dedifferentiation and to producing better functioning β cells from pluripotent stem cells.
The Intersection of Cellular and Systemic Metabolism: Metabolic Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Terrell Morgan , Morel Laurence
Published: May 2022

A high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported in multiple cohorts of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, most likely as one of the consequences of autoimmune pathogenesis. Although MetS has been associated with inflammation, its consequences on the lupus immune system and on disease manifestations are largely unknown. The metabolism of immune cells is altered and overactivated in mouse models as well as in patients with SLE, and several metabolic inhibitors have shown therapeutic benefits. Here we review recent studies reporting these findings, as well as the effect of dietary interventions in clinical and preclinical studies of SLE. We also explore potential causal links between systemic and immunometabolism in the context of lupus, and the knowledge gap that needs to be addressed.
Nurses’ Priorities for Perioperative Research in Africa
Authors: Bedwell Gillian J. , Scribante Juan , Adane Tigist D. , Bila Judita , Chiura Caritas , Chizombwe Priscilla , Deen Betsy , Dodoli Lucy , Elfiky Mahmoud M. A. , Kolawole Ifeoluwapo , Makwaza Tina , M’Baluku Seleman Badrlie , Mogapi Gaone , Musee Christine , Mutua Dominic , Misganaw Worku , Nyirenda Jessy , Ojewale Lucia , Roda Uwayesu , Biccard Bruce M.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

Mortality rates among surgical patients in Africa are double those of surgical patients in high-income countries. Internationally, there is a call to improve access to and safety of surgical and perioperative care. Perioperative research needs to be coordinated across Africa to positively impact perioperative mortality.

METHODS:

The aim of this study was to determine the top 10 perioperative research priorities for perioperative nurses in Africa, using a research priority-setting process. A Delphi technique with 4 rounds was used to establish consensus on the top 10 perioperative research priorities. In the first round, respondents submitted research priorities. Similar research priorities were amalgamated into single priorities when possible. In round 2, respondents ranked the priorities using a scale from 1 to 10 (of which 1 is the first/highest priority, and 10 is the last/lowest priority). The top 20 (of 31) were determined after round 2. In round 3, respondents ranked their top 10 priorities. The final round was an online discussion to reach consensus on the top 10 perioperative research priorities.

RESULTS:

A total of 17 perioperative nurses representing 12 African countries determined the top research priorities, which were: (1) strategies to translate and implement perioperative research into clinical practice in Africa, (2) creating a perioperative research culture and the tools, resources, and funding needed to conduct perioperative nursing research in Africa, (3) optimizing nurse-led postoperative pain management, (4) survey of operating theater and critical care resources, (5) perception of, and adherence to sterile field and aseptic techniques among surgeons in Africa (6) surgical staff burnout, (7) broad principles of infection control in surgical wards, (8) the role of interprofessional communication to promote clinical teamwork when caring for surgical patients, (9) effective implementation of the surgical safety checklist and measures of its impact, and (10) constituents of quality nursing care.

CONCLUSIONS:

These research priorities provide the structure for an intermediate-term research agenda for perioperative research in Africa.
Cannabis and Cannabinoids in the Perioperative Period
Authors: Lee Bradley H. , Sideris Alexandra , Ladha Karim S. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Wu Christopher L.
Published: May 2022

Cannabis use is increasingly common, and with a growing number of jurisdictions implementing legalization frameworks, it is likely that providers will encounter more patients who use cannabis. Therefore, it is important for providers to understand the implications of cannabis use and practical considerations for the perioperative period. Cannabis affects multiple organ systems and may influence intraoperative anesthesia, as well as postoperative pain management. The effects of cannabis and key anesthetic considerations are reviewed here.
Relationship Between Glottic View and Intubation Force During Macintosh and Airtraq Laryngoscopy and Intubation
Authors: Hindman Bradley J. , Dexter Franklin , Gadomski Benjamin C. , Puttlitz Christian M.
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

Because intubation-mediated cervical spine and spinal cord injury are likely determined by intubation force magnitude, understanding the determinants of intubation force magnitude is clinically relevant. With direct (Macintosh) laryngoscopy, when glottic view is less favorable, anesthesiologists apply greater force. We hypothesized that, when compared with direct (Macintosh) laryngoscopy, intubation force with an optical indirect laryngoscope (Airtraq) would be less dependent on glottic visualization.

METHODS:

Using data obtained in a prior clinical study, we tested whether the slope of the intubation force versus glottic view relationship differed between intubations performed in 14 patients who were intubated twice, once with a Macintosh and once with an Airtraq videolaryngoscope. Slopes were compared using least-squares linear regression and robust regression.

RESULTS:

The slope of the intubation force (N) versus glottic view (%) relationship with the Macintosh (−0.679 [standard error {SE}, 0.147]) was significantly more negative than that of the Airtraq (−0.076 [SE, 0.246]). The least-squares regression difference in slopes was −0.603 (SE, 0.287); P = .046. The robust regression difference in slopes was −0.747 (SE, 0.187); P = .0005. Thus, when compared with the Macintosh, intubation force magnitude with Airtraq laryngoscopy was less dependent on glottic visualization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Previously, we reported that intubation force with the Airtraq was less in magnitude compared with the Macintosh. Our current study adds that intubation force also is less dependent on glottic view with Airtraq compared with the Macintosh.
Gabapentinoid Use Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Hyperactive Delirium in Older Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Abe Hiroaki , Sumitani Masahiko , Matsui Hiroki , Inoue Reo , Konishi Mitsuru , Fushimi Kiyohide , Uchida Kanji , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

It is unclear whether gabapentinoids affect the development of delirium. We aimed to determine the association between gabapentinoid use and hyperactive delirium in older cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

METHODS:

We conducted propensity score-matched analyses using data from a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. We included cancer patients with pain ≥70 years of age undergoing chemotherapy between April 2016 and March 2018. Patients receiving gabapentinoids were matched with control patients using propensity scores. The primary outcome was occurrence of hyperactive delirium during hospitalization, and the secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, in-hospital fractures, and in-hospital mortality. Hyperactive delirium was identified by antipsychotic use or discharge diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.

RESULTS:

Among 143,132 identified patients (59% men; mean age, 76.3 years), 14,174 (9.9%) received gabapentinoids and 128,958 (90.1%) did not (control group). After one-to-one propensity score matching, 14,173 patients were included in each group. The occurrence of hyperactive delirium was significantly lower (5.2% vs 8.5%; difference in percent, −3.2% [95% confidence interval, −3.8 to −2.6]; odds ratio, 0.60 [0.54–0.66]; P < .001), the median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (6 days [interquartile range, 3–15] vs 9 days [4–17]; subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.22 [1.19–1.25]; P < .001), and the occurrence of in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the gabapentinoid group than in the control group (1.3% vs 1.8%; difference in percent, −0.6% [−0.9 to −0.3]; odds ratio, 0.69 [0.57–0.83]; P < .001). Gabapentinoid use was not significantly associated with the occurrence of in-hospital fractures (0.2% vs 0.2%; difference in percent, 0.0% [−0.1 to 0.1]; odds ratio, 1.07 [0.65–1.76]; P = .799). The results of sensitivity analyses using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting were consistent with the results of the propensity score-matched analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings suggest that gabapentinoid use is associated with reduced hyperactive delirium in older cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with no evidence of an increase in the fracture rate, length of hospital stay, or in-hospital death.
The Effect of Parental Loss on Social Mobility in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden
Authors: Dribe Martin , Debiasi Enrico , Eriksson Björn
Published: May 2022

Parents are assumed to play a crucial role in the socioeconomic attainment of children. Through investments of both time and resources, they promote the ability, human capital, networks, and motivation of their children to advance socially, or at least to maintain their social position. Consequently, losing a parent in childhood could be detrimental to adult socioeconomic outcomes. We use full-count linked census data and a comprehensive death register to study the effect of parental loss on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in Sweden during the first half of the twentieth century. We employ sibling fixed-effects models and the Spanish flu as an exogenous mortality shock to assess the importance of endogeneity bias in associations between parental loss and socioeconomic outcomes. Maternal death led to worse socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in terms of occupational and class attainment, as well as for social mobility. The effects seem to be causal but the magnitudes were small. For paternal death, we find no consistent pattern, and in most models there was no effect on sons' socioeconomic outcomes. The patterns were similar for sons and daughters and do not support the theory that parental loss had important negative effects on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.
The Demographic Drivers of Grief and Memory After Genocide in Guatemala
Authors: Alburez-Gutierrez Diego
Published: May 2022

Mortality crises are relatively common demographic events, but we know little about how they affect local populations beyond excess mortality. I argue that using a kinship perspective to study mortality crises provides valuable insights into (1) how excess mortality affects the exposure to kin loss and (2) how family bereavement may contribute to the reproduction of historical memory in the long term. I explore these two processes using a unique genealogical database that records the complete demographic history of Rio Negro, a genocide-affected population in Guatemala, between 1982 and 2015. The analysis shows that deaths from the 1982 genocide were balanced by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. One third of the population were killed, but two thirds were left bereaved (the top 10% most affected individuals lost 30% of their nuclear family relatives and 23% of their extended family relatives). Notably, the proportion of the population related to a victim did not change between 1983 and 2015. The persistence of family bereavement can be interpreted as a prolongation of grief or as a driver of historical memory. These demographic dynamics have implications for the study of historical events beyond mortality crises.
The Reserve Army of Affectivity: Unemployed Labor in William Greaves's Psychodramatic Cinéma Vérité
Authors: Pittman Alex
Published: May 2022

This article offers a political reading of In the Company of Men (dir. William Greaves, US, 1969), an industrial human relations and training film that Newsweek magazine commissioned the renowned black American filmmaker William Greaves to make. Tasked by his sponsors with repairing communication between white factory foremen and black men who were labeled the hard-core unemployed, Greaves combines the documentary style of cinéma vérité with psychodrama, a group therapy method that uses theatrical techniques of role-play and reenactment to both reveal and treat social conflict. Situating psychodrama as both a gendered strategy of racial governance and a model of workplace training tied to the emerging social conditions of the deindustrializing United States, this article focuses on the labor performed by the unemployed black men within the therapeutic division of labor that Greaves's film indexes and reproduces. In doing so, it argues that Greaves's film not only documents contradictions of inclusion and recognition in the late 1960s, when the postwar ideology of racial liberalism was in decline, but it also anticipates the extractive racial politics of capitalism in the early twenty-first century, as people who have been consigned to the status of social and industrial excess are put into service for the emotional training of capital's managers.
A therian mammal with sprawling kinematics? Gait and 3D forelimb X-ray motion analysis in tamanduas
Authors: Scheidt Adrian , Ditzel Paulo C. , Geiger Sandra M. , Wagner Franziska C. , Mülling Christoph K. W. , Nyakatura John A.
Published: May 2022

Therian mammals are known to move their forelimbs in a parasagittal plane, retracting the mobilised scapula during stance phase. Non-cursorial therian mammals often abduct the elbow out of the shoulder–hip parasagittal plane. This is especially prominent in Tamandua (Xenarthra), which suggests they employ aspects of sprawling (e.g. lizard-like) locomotion. Here, we tested whether tamanduas use sprawling forelimb kinematics, i.e. a largely immobile scapula with pronounced lateral spine bending and long-axis rotation of the humerus. We analysed high-speed videos and used X-ray motion analysis of tamanduas walking and balancing on branches of varying inclinations and provide a quantitative characterization of gaits and forelimb kinematics. Tamanduas displayed lateral sequence/lateral couplets on flat ground and horizontal branches, but increased diagonality on steeper inclines and declines, resulting in lateral sequence/diagonal couplets gaits. This result provides further evidence for high diagonality in arboreal species, probably maximising stability in arboreal environments. Further, the results reveal a mosaic of sprawling and parasagittal kinematic characteristics. The abducted elbow results from a constantly internally rotated scapula about its long axis and a retracted humerus. Scapula retraction contributes considerably to stride length. However, lateral rotation in the pectoral region of the spine (range: 21 deg) is higher than reported for other therian mammals. Instead, it is similar to that of skinks and alligators, indicating an aspect generally associated with sprawling locomotion is characteristic for forelimb kinematics of tamanduas. Our study contributes to a growing body of evidence of highly variable non-cursorial therian mammal locomotor kinematics.
Internet addiction during COVID-19 restricted movement period: A cross-sectional study from Bangladesh
Authors: Tasneem Chowdhury Anika , Siddiqua Saleka Raihana , Rahman Lamisa , Hossian Mosharop , Nabi Mohammad Hayatun
Published: May 2022

Background: The restricted movement period related to COVID-19 has presumably contributed to the deterioration of the Internet addiction crisis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction and identify the factors associated with the increase in severity of Internet addiction among the general population of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 related restricted movement period.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Bangladesh from September 20 to October 5, 2020, and 315 Bangladeshi adults were included in the study. We used Young’s Internet Addiction Scale to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction and identified the factors associated with the increase in severity of Internet addiction during the restricted movement period using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results: The overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 39.7% among the general population of Bangladesh during the restricted movement period. Almost 75% of the respondents reported increased time spent on recreational use of the Internet during the period of interest, and 48.5% of the respondents reported increases in the severity of Internet addiction. In logistic regression analyses, the increase in severity of Internet addiction was found to be significantly associated with social class, occupation, sleeping hours, and increased time spent on recreational use of the internet (p < 0.05). Watching movies/series was the main activity of the respondents during the restricted movement period.

Conclusion: Our study reported an increase in the prevalence of Internet addiction among the general population of Bangladesh during the restricted movement period. Social class, occupation, sleeping hours, and increased time spent on recreational use were the significant determinants of the increase in severity of Internet addiction. The policymakers should undertake tailored policies to prevent people from being victims of the consequences of psychological issues in the long run.
Incentives for pregnant mothers during antenatal care for better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low and middle income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Vijayamma Ratheebhai , T V Bhumika , Sinha Anju , BB Darshan , T Rekha , Mithra P Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Kulkarni Vaman , N Ravishankar , Johnson K Rosemol
Published: May 2022

Background: Universal access to maternal new-born and child healthcare services (MNCH) is detrimental for attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) three pertaining to promotion of health at all ages. Incentivization in the form of cash, vouchers, and goods have been used as part of strategies to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes around the world. However, there exists uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of various incentive-based programmes targeted for pregnant mothers in low- and middle-income countries during their antenatal period.

Methods: We will search six electronic databases, namely the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase in addition to Google Scholar. Manual searching of the reference lists of included studies will also be done. The reporting of this protocol will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement [29]. Only interventional studies that follow randomized, quasi randomized, and cluster randomized controlled study designs will be included. A three-stage screening process will be adopted to select articles. Risk of bias for the included studies will be assessed using the tools and criteria specified in the Cochrane handbook. In addition, the GRADE approach will be used to assess the quality of evidence for the maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Conclusion: This review of trials is essential to inform the effectiveness of incentive-based programmes targeted for pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. It will help the policy makers to utilise the resources more effectively and to integrate the evidence based public health initiatives into the health system. This can also help build the continuum of care financial packages for all pregnant women.
Patient and clinician perspectives of online-delivered exercise programmes for chronic musculoskeletal conditions: protocol for a systematic review.
Authors: Bhardwaj Avantika , Barry Walsh Caoimhe , Ezzat Allison , O'Riordan Cliona , Kennedy Norelee , Toomey Clodagh M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite the growing economic and social impact of chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions, there has been low uptake of clinical guidelines for management, owing partly to the negative perceptions of patients and clinicians of their appropriateness and accessibility. Online-delivered exercise programmes (ODEPs) offer an alternative that can reduce costs and offer convenience for those with mobility limitations. As such, investigating participants’ perceptions of such programmes provides insight into the complexity and interplay of factors associated with uptake and optimization of implementation strategies.

Objectives: This study aims to systematically review of the literature of patients’ and clinicians’ perceptions of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions.

Methods: To ensure the likelihood of identifying all relevant published articles, the following databases will be searched from inception to end of the project: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, AMED, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Included articles will qualitatively and/or quantitatively report the perceptions of participants of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions. ODEPs are defined as either (a) synchronous, users can exchange information simultaneously, or (b) asynchronous, with at least one synchronous feature, or (c) neither, where the authors investigate a user’s past experiences and/or likelihood of participating in such a programme. Article screening and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists will be performed by two independent reviewers. All findings from included articles will be extracted and coded using a thematic synthesis approach.

Discussion: It is important to offer diverse resources to address the growing public health burden of chronic MSK conditions. This study will explore patients and clinicians’ perceptions of ODEPs including needs, appropriateness and acceptability. Our findings could be used by policy makers, clinicians, and researchers to generate new models of care that could influence the uptake and long-term sustainability of ODEPs for chronic MSK conditions.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021273773.
Conceptualising and assessing health system resilience to shocks: a cross-disciplinary view
Authors: Ismail Sharif A. , Bell Sadie , Chalabi Zaid , Fouad Fouad M. , Mechler Reinhard , Tomoaia-Cotisel Andrada , Blanchet Karl , Borghi Josephine
Published: May 2022

Health systems worldwide face major challenges in anticipating, planning for and responding to shocks from infectious disease epidemics, armed conflict, climatic and other crises. Although the literature on health system resilience has grown substantially in recent years, major uncertainties remain concerning approaches to resilience conceptualisation and measurement. This narrative review revisits literatures from a range of fields outside health to identify lessons relevant to health systems. Four key insights emerge. Firstly, shocks can only be understood by clarifying how, where and over what timescale they interact with a system of interest, and the dynamic effects they produce within it. Shock effects are contingent on historical path-dependencies, and on the presence of factors or system pathways (e.g. financing models, health workforce capabilities or supply chain designs) that may amplify or dampen impact in unexpected ways. Secondly, shocks often produce cascading effects across multiple scales, whereas the focus of much of the health resilience literature has been on macro-level, national systems. In reality, health systems bring together interconnected sub-systems across sectors and geographies, with different components, behaviours and sometimes even objectives – all influencing how a system responds to a shock. Thirdly, transformability is an integral feature of resilient social systems: cross-scale interactions help explain how systems can show both resilience and transformational capability at the same time. We illustrate these first three findings by extending the socioecological concept of adaptive cycles in social systems to health, using the example of maternal and child health service delivery. Finally, we argue that dynamic modelling approaches, under-utilised in research on health system resilience to date, have significant promise for identification of shock-moderating or shock-amplifying pathways, for understanding effects at multiple levels and ultimately for building resilience.
Communicative and Sociolinguistic Aspects of Studying the Names of Russian Cottage Villages
Authors: Bykova O. , Martynova M. , Siromaha V.
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the dynamics of the existence and development of linguistic phenomena in modern Russia on the example of the toponymy of Russian cottage settlements, which have not been the subject of linguistic analysis so far. A new term is introduced to define this variety of toponyms (cotonyms). Based on the analysis of a large illustrative material, a classification of cotonyms influenced by Western languages (mainly English) is proposed. The prevalence and non-randomness of this phenomenon is emphasized. The relationship between cotonyms and the formation of the modern linguistic landscape, of which, according to the authors, they are a part, is established. It is argued that cotonyms can become visual material for the sociolinguistic characteristics of modern Russian society. The problem is being investigated, whether it is possible to consider the trend towards the presence of anglicisms in the names of Russian cottage settlements as a nationwide phenomenon. On the basis of analytical and statistical methods of research, it is argued that the use of foreign names for dacha (cottage) settlements has a non-ethnic (all-Russian) character. and a narrower sociolinguistic one, characteristic only of a part of the privileged (wealthy) strata of Russian society, Eurocentric in their mentality. A possible approach to cotonyms is proposed, on the one hand, as a logoepistemic unit that belongs to both culture and language, and on the other hand, as a “text”. A historical digression into the origin of some Russian toponips is given. Cotonyms of the post-perestroika period and dachonyms (the names of the dachas are the authors) of the Soviet period, which carry an ideological load, are compared. The issues of toponymic policy are touched upon. It is concluded that cotonyms are an important linguistic and cultural phenomenon of great communicative significance.
Communication Via Translation: The Genesis of Training Russian-Chinese Translators and Interpreters
Authors: Vasina Ekaterina
Published: May 2022

At all times translator has played an important role in multinational, cross-cultural and interreligious communication. Due to fast development of Russian-Chinese relations professional Chinese interpreters are in great demand nowadays. For several centuries the Russian Orthodox Ecclesiastical Mission in Beijing remained the main diplomatic mission in China and at the same time the main training center for translators, but as departments of Chinese language and culture gradually appeared in universities more systematic approach in translation methodology has been provided for a greater number of students. The article analyzes the changes of social, historical, institutional and pedagogical conditions for training in Chinese translation and interpreting, starting from 17 century to the present day.
Pedagogical Communication Under the Conditions of Digital Transformation at the Educational Space of The University
Authors: Kostikova L. , Fedotova Oksana
Published: May 2022

Developing pedagogical communication is an important task for the pedagogical staff of modern universities, the fulfilment of which is of great importance not only for the traditional form of education but for the process of communication in the digital education space as well. The development of the information and communication technologies makes pedagogical communication more active and diverse; it broadens the borderlines of the professional interaction in the digital education space. In the context of the digital pedagogy the article shows such pedagogical processes as digital teaching, digital bringing up, cyber socialization and pedagogical communication. The authors analyse their own experience of creating distance courses on the platform of LMS Moodle and their work with the students of the pedagogical profile (bachelor and master students) of Ryazan State University named after S.A. Yesenin. It is underlined that in the digital education space the teacher should be able of constructing the content of education, motivate the learners for hard work, and form their polymotivation, manage the independent work of the learners in getting new knowledge, organize educationally valuable communication. For the sake of preventing the learners’ rapid movement from reality to the virtual space the teacher should try to integrate different spaces of the learners’ lives – virtual and real. It is determined that the diversity of educational tasks and digital educational resources change the content of the pedagogical communication in accordance with various roles the teacher plays. It is shown that in the process of professional learning teachers should acquire certain knowledge of how to work with different digital technological means, of digital etiquette, rules of interaction, understanding the specific features of the digital pedagogical communication and collaboration.
Project Technologies in Professional Communication Skills Training of International Relations Students
Authors: Revkova E.
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the research is determined by the expediency of realization of professional communication skills training of specialists in international relations through various types of project technologies. The use of the project method in the professional education of international relations students allows to develop professional skills and gain new knowledge that would be useful in future job.

The hypothesis of the research includes the assumption that participation in project activities contributes to the formation of professional communication skills training of international relations students.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the organization and implementation of project technologies and to consider their impact on the formation of professional communication skills training of international relations students.

Materials and methods. The research applies theoretical methods such as analysis, systematization and generalization of the provisions of scientific literature on the research problem. It gives the overview of the works of Russian and foreign scientists on project activities and professional education of university students. Empirical methods included pedagogical supervision of the preparation and participation of international relations students in “The Model UN” project. The questionnaire survey involved 56 students of the educational program 41.03.05 International Relations of Ryazan State University named for S. A. Yesenin.

The research includes the description of the project technology "The Model UN", which is implemented in the framework of extracurricular activities of university students. The analysis of students' opinions about the Model UN project shows that students participated in this project with great interest and consider it useful for the formation of professional skills and abilities of a future specialist in international relations.

Conclusion and directions for future research. Project activities contribute to the improvement of the professional communication skills training of future specialists in international relations. In the future, the following areas of research may be of interest: the development and implementation of projects in the educational and scientific activities of international relations students and the implementation of final qualifying work in the form of a startup.
Internet Communications as an Instrument of Political Culture of Russian Youth: an Empirical Analys
Authors: Muhaev Rashid , Laamarti Yuliya
Published: May 2022

The article examines the mechanism of constructing political dispositions of modern Russian youth, the main element of which is Internet communications. In the information society, the former institutions of political socialization (school, universities, family) are pushed to the periphery, which forms multidirectional scenarios of political socialization. An empirical analysis of the influence of online consumption on the structural elements of the political culture of young people is carried out within the framework of a sociological study, basic discourses and possible trends in the development of political loyalties of modern Russian youth are revealed.
The chasm between theory and practice in NHS complaint handling
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2022

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses several reports on NHS complaint handling
Increased risk of transurethral and suprapubic catheter self-extraction in COVID-19 patients: real-life experience
Authors: Pirola Giacomo Maria , Rubilotta Emanuele , Castellani Daniele , Pancani Flavia , Rosadi Stefano , Giannantoni Antonella , Asimakopoulos Anastasios D , Gubbiotti Marilena
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

This study evaluated the prevalence of transurethral catheter self-removal in critically-ill COVID-19 non-sedated adult patients compared with non-COVID-19 controls.

Methods:

COVID-19 patients who self-extracted transurethral or suprapubic catheters needing a urological intervention were prospectively included (group A). Demographic data, medical and nursing records, comorbidities and nervous system symptoms were evaluated. Agitation, anxiety and delirium were assessed by the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS). The control group B were non-COVID-19 patients who self-extracted transurethral/suprapubic catheter in a urology unit (subgroup B1) and geriatric unit (subgroup B2), requiring a urological intervention in the same period.

Results:

37 men and 11 women were enrolled in group A. Mean RASS score was 3.1 ± 1.8. There were 5 patients in subgroup B1 and 11 in subgroup B2. Chronic comorbidities were more frequent in group B than the COVID-19 group (P<0.01). COVID-19 patients had a significant difference in RASS score (P<0.006) and catheter self-extraction events (P<0.001). Complications caused by traumatic catheter extractions (severe urethrorrhagia, longer hospital stay) were greater in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:

This is the first study focusing on the prevalence and complications of catheter self-removal in COVID-19 patients. An increased prevalence of urological complications due to agitation and delirium related to COVID-19 has been demonstrated—the neurological sequelae of COVID-19 must be considered during hospitalisation.
Cannulation: an update for dentists
Authors: Zaidman Brooke , Spence Sarah , Boynton Camilla , Lewis Debbie
Published: May 2022

Peripheral venous cannulation is a skill dentists may require in hospital jobs and sedation practice. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the technique, equipment, relative contraindications and potential complications.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To act as an update and refresher for the dental team on peripheral venous cannulation.
INDAPAMIDE
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: May 2022

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #Indapamide
Medication management for patients with Parkinson's: the impact of a nurse specialist and non-medical prescribing in the hospital setting
Authors: Moore Samantha , Jackson Sarah , Yousuf Asim
Published: May 2022

Background

Parkinson's UK conducted the Get it On Time campaign in 2006 to highlight the difficulties people with Parkinson's experience when admitted to hospital.

Aim

This article reports on two related audits that focus on the impact of non-medical prescribing in a hospital setting for patients who are admitted with Parkinson's disease.

Method

An audit was undertaken to identify what was happening in a one district general hospital. Service developments were implemented with the introduction of a hospital-based Parkinson's specialist nurse with the non-medical prescribing qualification providing early assessment and liaison with the treating surgical and medical teams to ensure the Parkinson's condition was managed. A second audit was completed to assess the impact.

Results

At baseline patients experienced frequent medication errors and extended length of stay. The evaluation audit revealed a reduced length of stay and a decrease in medication errors.

Conclusion

The implementation of a Parkinson's specialist nurse with the non-medical prescribing qualification along with an alert system, helped improve the outcomes for patients with Parkinson's on admission to hospital. The reduction in length of stay demonstrated cost savings. Evidencing the positive outcome of this service improvement, has allowed the continuation of the specialist nursing role and is recommended as one aspect of developing hospital services for people with Parkinson's.
ICP-OES analysis of waste printed circuit board
Authors: Garway Chinmay , Fande Mangesh , Dubey Nidhi , Srivastav Ajeet K.
Published: May 2022

Recycling of electronic waste materials is an immediate concern for the environmental safety and health hazards for mankind. Identifying and extracting the precious metallic elements of such wastes are equally important to meet market demand in view of limited resources.
Effect of Intrinsic Motivation on Junior High School Students’ Creativity: Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Wang Rui-Ni , Chang Yuan-Cheng
Published: May 2022

This research’s aim was to explore the role of cognitive flexibility in mediating the effect of intrinsic motivation on the creativity of junior high school students. A creativity scale, an intrinsic motivation inventory and a cognitive flexibility inventory were utilized to investigate a sample of junior high school students in Shaanxi Province in western China. 765 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM). The SEM analysis showed that intrinsic motivation and cognitive flexibility have significantly positive impacts on junior high school students’ creativity. Furthermore, a full model revealed that cognitive alternatives and cognitive control mediate the relationship intrinsic motivation and creativity, and the mediation effect of cognitive alternatives is significantly greater than that of cognitive control. In general, the current research suggests that the impact of intrinsic motivation on junior high school students’ creativity is mediated by cognitive flexibility, and its results amplify prior scholars’ research results and give educators an inspiration how to cultivate creativity for the middle school students.
Engineering tunable terahertz radiation from an electron bunch using graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Qi Limei , Wu MingJing , Han Xiaojun
Published: May 2022

We propose an approach to generate tunable terahertz (THz) radiation from an electron
bunch passing over the unique graphene metasurface. We not only
control the frequency of the THz radiation but also tune the amplitude
and direction of the radiation by varying the chemical potential of
the graphene. Several new phenomena are observed. The radiation has
the same frequency with the resonant frequency of the graphene
metasurface at normal incidence. The radiation frequency meets the
linear relationship with the chemical potential. The radiation
magnitude is the inverse to the reflection magnitude, and the sum of
them is close to being a constant. The strong Smith–Purcell radiation
on the graphene metasurface is due to the interaction between the
electron bunch and periodic surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The
stronger the SPP, the higher is the radiation magnitude that is
obtained. These results would provide a promising way for developing
tunable radiation in the THz band.
Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength random distributed feedback fiber laser based on SMF and a cascaded Sagnac ring filter
Authors: Pan Honggang , Liu Zhanzhi , Zhang Ailing , Guo Taotao , Peng Yaomei
Published: May 2022

A tunable and switchable multi-wavelength random distributed feedback fiber laser based on cascaded Sagnac loops is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The random distribution feedback of the laser is provided by the Rayleigh scattering generated by the single-mode fiber (SMF). The cascaded Sagnac loops act as a filter and a reflector in the half-open cavity laser. The single-, dual-, three-, and four-wavelength channels can be realized by adjusting the angle of the polarization controller at the pump power of 300 mW. In the single-, dual-, and three-wavelength channels, the wavelength spacing can be maintained, and the laser wavelength position can be changed at the same time. The maximum wavelength tuning ranges of single-, dual-, and three-wavelength outputs are about 4.5 nm, 2.6 nm, and 1 nm, respectively. The proposed multi-wavelength random fiber laser has the advantages of simple structure and low threshold, and it has good application prospects in remote sensing and imaging systems.
Optically powered 5G WDM fronthaul network with weakly-coupled multicore fiber
Authors: Yang Hailin , Wang Shan , Peng Di , Qin Yuwen , Fu Songnian
Published: May 2022

The number of base stations (BSs) for the fifth generation (5G) wireless network is substantially increased, as each coverage is greatly reduced. Therefore, both the miniaturization and the densification of BSs suffer from the challenges of electrical power supply and deployment cost. Here, we present an optically powered 5G fronthaul network, in support of the co-propagation of spatial-division-multiplexing (SDM) energy light and wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) 5G new radio (NR) signals over the weakly-coupled multicore fiber (WC-MCF). When the 60-W energy light at 1064.8-nm is equally distributed among the outer six cores, and the 9-Gbit/s 5G NR WDM signals are transmitted over the central core of 1-km WC seven-core fiber (WC-7CF), we can collect total 11.9-W electrical power at the remote node, for the purpose of optically powered small cells. Meanwhile, the error-vector magnitude (EVM) values of 1.5-Gbit/s 5G NR 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (64QAM-OFDM) signals at the central frequency of 3.5 GHz fluctuate within a range of 0.3%∼0.39%, under a received electrical power of −25 dBm, for all six-wavelength channels. Six optically powered small cells are equipped with the characteristics of centralized management and flexible access-rate.
Highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber for distributed hydrostatic pressure sensing with sub-bar resolution
Authors: Mikhailov Sergei , Matthes Anne , Bierlich Jörg , Kobelke Jens , Wondraczek Katrin , Berghmans Francis , Geernaert Thomas
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate distributed optical fiber-based pressure measurements with sub-bar pressure resolution and 1 m spatial resolution over a ∼100 m distance using a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry technique. To do so, we have designed a novel highly birefringent microstructured optical fiber that features a high pressure to temperature sensitivity ratio, a high birefringence and a mode field diameter that is comparable to that of conventional step-index single mode fibers. Our experiments with two fibers fabricated according to the design confirm the high polarimetric pressure sensitivities (−62.4 rad×MPa−1×m−1 and −40.1 rad×MPa−1×m−1) and simultaneously low polarimetric temperature sensitivities (0.09 rad×K−1×m−1 and 0.2 rad×K−1×m−1), at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The fiber features a sufficiently uniform birefringence over its entire length (2.17×10−4 ± 7.65×10−6) and low propagation loss (∼3 dB/km), which allows envisaging pressure measurements along distances up to several kilometers.