bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las investigaciones fitoquímicas y sus relaciones con los herbarios
Authors: Marroquín Jorge S. , Domínguez Xorge A.
Published: January 2017

Hemos visto que en los últimos 25 años se han incrementado notablemente en México los estudios químicos de las plantas, a la par que en muchos países altamente desarrollados. Ese surgimiento de los estudios fitoquímicos estimula los taxonómicos, biosistemáticos, florísticos, ecológicos y fitogeográficos, en virtud de que siempre puede presentarse la necesidad de efectuar colecciones masivas, regionales o nacionales para cuyo éxito se requiere todo tipo de información. Así los trabajos en fitoquímica generan indirectamente mayor interés por la buena práctica taxonómica, favorecen las investigaciones en equipo, pueden movilizar programas agronómicos de cierta urgencia (cultivos intensivos por ejemplo), sirven la mesa al farmacólogo, y dejan abiertos vastos campos de la investigación pura y de la aplicada a la medicina, la vetetinaria, la toxicología y la industria. Los herbarios juegan el importante papel de bancos de información.
Función de los herbarios en los estudios paleontológicos, paleobotánicos, estratigráficos, paleoclimáticos y paleoecológicos
Authors: Rueda-Gaxiola Jaime , Salas Eloy
Published: January 2017

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El herbario como instrumento de trabajo su manejo y operación
Authors: Rzedowski J.
Published: January 2017

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Comentario al tema: El herbario como instrumento de trabajo su manejo y operación
Authors: Riba Ramón
Published: January 2017

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Morfología de los granos de polen de la familia Moraceae en México
Authors: Ramos-Zamora D.
Published: January 2017

Se estudió la morfología del polen de 33 especies mexicanas de la familia Moraceae, agrupadas en 12 géneros y que son  las siguientes: Brosimum alicastrum, Brosimopsis llewilliamsii, Castilla elastica, Cecropia obtusifolia, C. peltata, Chlorophora tinctoria, Coussapoa purpusii, Dorstenia contrajerva, D. crispata, D. drakena, D. excentrica, Ficus cookii, F. glabrata, F. glaucescens, F. involuta, F. kellermanii, F. lapathifolia, F. microchlamys, F. padifolia, F. palmeri, F. petiolaris, F. pringlei, F. radula, F. segoviae, F. tecolutlensis, F. yucatanensis, Morus celtidifolia, M. rubra, Poulsenia armata, Pseudolmedia simiarum, P. spuria, Trophis mexicana y T. racemosa. La técnica de preparación del material polínico empleada fue la de la acetólisis abreviada. La nomenclatura utilizada fue la de Faegri e Inversen (1964) y Erdtman (1966.1969). Desde el punto de vista polínico parecen ser más primitivas las especies caracterizadas por granos triporados (Morus y Trophis). Se considera más evolucionada a Dorstenia pór sus granos de polen con numerosos poros; por otra parte Ficus presenta características avanzadas de acuerdo a su tipo de polinización entomófila, como son tamaño pequeño, superficie lisa y con mayor frecuencia granos con dos poros.
El bosque de Engelhardtia (Oreomunnea) mexicana en la región de La Chinantla (Oaxaca, México). Una reliquia del cenozoico
Authors: Rzedowski J. , Palacios-Chávez R.
Published: January 2017

Se describe un bosque mesófilo de montalia dominado por Engelhardtia mexianna del norte del Estado de Oaxaca (México). Esta comunidad prospera entre 1400 y 1800 m de altitud, sobre laderas de fuerte pendiente, expuestas a un régimen de muy frecuentes neblinas, con precipitación media anual de 5000 a 6000 mm y sin que en ningún mes llueva en promedio menos de 200 mm. Es un bosque denso y perennifolio, de 30 a 40 mde alto, rico en epifitas, con predominancia absoluta de Engelhardtia en el estrato arbóreo superior. Una gramínea bambúsea (Yushania sp.) el helecho arbustivo Alsophla salvinii así como varias Melastomaceae (Miconia) y Palmae (Chamaedorea) destacan cuantitativamente a niveles inferiores. Con respecto a las relaciones geográficas de la flora, predominan elementos neotropicales, les siguen en import ancia los pantropicales y escasean los holárticos. Al realizar el anális palinológico de los sedimentos del Mioceno Inferior del NW del Estado de Chiapas (México), se encontraron tres muestras con franca predominancia de polen de Engelhardtia. Se presentan los espectros de estas muestras y al compararlos con gráficas y listas de la lluvia de polen actual del bosque de Engelhardtia del N de Oaxaca, se encuentra un buengrado de similitud. Las diferencias mas notables entre ambas lluvias de polen consisten en: 1a porcentajes ligeramente mayores de polen de Engelhardtia en el bosque actual, 2a porcentajes superiores de esporas de pteridofitas (sobre todo de Polypodiaceae) en los hosques miocénicos, 3a falta en los espectros actuales del polen de Tricolpopollenites y Picea, de los cuales el primero parece haberse extinguido por completo y el segundo dejó de existir en el centro y sur de México desde el Pleistoceno Superior. El género Engelhardtia tuvo una amplia distribución en el hemisferio boreal duralite el Terciario, pero en el presente parece hallarse restringid o a pequenas áreas en: a) el sureste de México y Centroamérica, y b) el sureste de Asia.
Una revisión del género Pavonia en México
Authors: Fryxell Paul A.
Published: January 2017

Las 24 especies de Pavonia que se encuentran en México son colocadas en cinco secciones. Se presenta una clave para identificación de las especies. Los siguientes nombres nuevos son propuestos: Pavonia oblongifolia (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Fryx. stat. nov., P. candida (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Fryx. comb. nov., P. chlorantha (Kunth) Frvyx. comb. nov. , y P. pleuranthera (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Fryx. comb. nov. Diecisiete de las 24 especies son endémicas en México, y tres más casi lo son.
Enriquebeltrania , nombre nuevo para reemplazar a Beltrania Miranda (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Rzedowski J.
Published: January 2017

Se propone el nombre nuevo Enriquebeltrania para substituir a Beltrania Miranda (Euphorbiaceae), que resulta ser homónimo posterior de Beltrania O. Penzig, un género de hongos. Se designa asimismo la nueva combinación Enriquebeltrania crenatifolia (Miranda).
Fundación y primera década de la Sociedad Botánica de México (1941-1951)
Authors: Hernández-X. Efraím
Published: January 2017

Se muestran los resultados del avance y hechos de interés en el trabajo de la Sociedad Botánica de México durante sus priemeros 40 años.
Brasil: entre a modernidade alternativa e a alternativa à modernidade
Authors: Simim Thiago Aguiar , Ferreira Daniel Carvalho
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, analisa-se a crítica da modernidade no pensamento social latino-americano a partir de duas concepções: a posição de Walter Mignolo no grupo modernidade/colonialidade e a crítica do sociólogo brasileiro Jessé Souza às leituras sobre a não-modernidade no Brasil. A crítica destas duas perspectivas joga luz sobre a posição peculiar do Brasil: por um lado, pode-se analisar sua situação desde a ampla perspectiva da América Latina; ou pelo contrário, o país apresenta peculiaridades que dificultam a tarefa de fazer um simples sobrevoo. O ponto nodal entre estas interpretações está na concepção da modernidade (ou modernização) periférica e alternativa, e no papel que joga este conceito em ambas as teorias.
La dialéctica de Calibán: pensamientos descolonizantes para la cuestión negra en América Latina
Authors: Rosenzvit Dana
Published: January 2017

Sobre la existencia de la cultura latinoamericana, Roberto Fernández Retamar invita a asumir la negatividad por la cual la colonización europea ha marcado a nuestro continente mediante la reapropiación orgullosa del término para hablar de nosotros mismos. Este artículo es un ejercicio descolonizante para pensar desde los márgenes las economías políticas de producción de la diversidad cultural desarrolladas en América Latina en relación con las poblaciones afrodescendientes (categoría subalternizada y racializada por antonomasia). Se propone la ubicación en la fractura epistémica espacial producida por el pensamiento de Frantz Fanon, buscando crear otro conocimiento poscolonial y descolonizador para abordar la tensión entre el presupuesto de universalidad y la diferencia inherente a todo Estado nación en el sistema mundo actual, desigual y combinado.
Estado y colonialidad. Mujeres y familias quichuas de la Sierra del Ecuador, 1925-1975 de Mercedes Prieto
Authors: O'Connor Erin
Published: January 2017

Reseña de Estado y colonialidad. Mujeres y familias quichuas de la Sierra del Ecuador, 1925-1975
Intersecciones de género, clase, etnia y raza. Un diálogo con Mara Viveros
Authors: Pontón Jenny
Published: January 2017

Intersecciones de género, clase, etnia y raza. Un diálogo con Mara Viveros
Balance de estrategias de seguridad para zonas críticas en Bogotá y Medellín
Authors: Ruiz-Vasquez Juan Carlos , PAEZ Katerin
Published: January 2017

La estrategia de seguridad para zonas críticas (Hot spot Policing) utiliza un despliegue intensivo de pie de fuerza policial para hacer disminuir el crimen en aquellas zonas donde se encuentra altamente concentrado. En Colombia, las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín han venido implementando este modelo de manera sistemática desde el 2009 independientemente de los cambios de sus administraciones. Este artículo hace un primer balance del impacto de estas dos experiencias en el comportamiento del crimen y concluye que, por la falta de evaluaciones científicas sobre su implementación, no se puede determinar de manera definitiva que la criminalidad haya disminuido, aunque la la reducción de los delitos parece ser mayor donde la presencia policial ha aumentado.
Violencia cotidiana, marginación, limpieza social y pandillas en Guatemala
Authors: Reséndiz Rivera Nelly Erandy
Published: January 2017

El artículo analiza la relación entre las pandillas, la violencia cotidiana y la marginación en Guatemala. Esta propuesta considera que las pandillas son un ejemplo excepcional del empleo de la violencia, y repara en la orientación de estos grupos, hacia las actividades de trasgresión de la legalidad como herramienta de afirmación y empoderamiento. En el documento se describe que el impacto de la desigual distribución de la violencia a nivel social, se acentúa en los barrios depauperados y adquiere un carácter crónico. Finalmente, el artículo menciona la limpieza social dirigida hacia el Barrio 18 y la Mara Salvatrucha porque este fenómeno es una manifestación de la profundización de las agresiones comunitarias. La violencia es protagonizada por diversos actores sociales, las pandillas son un caso más de la realidad necropolítica en Guatemala.  Abstract:The article analyzes the relationship between the gangs, the daily violence, and the marginalization in Guatemala. This proposal considers that gangs are an exceptional example of the use of violence, repairs in the orientation of these groups towards the activities of transgression of law and considers the use of the body as a tool of affirmation and empowerment. The paper describes the impact of the unequal distribution of violence at the social level, it is accentuated in impoverished neighborhoods and acquired a chronic character. Finally, the article mentions social cleansing directed at the Barrio 18 and Mara Salvatrucha because this phenomenon is a manifestation of the deepening of community aggressions. The violence is used by diverse social actors, the gangs are one more case of the necropolitics reality in Guatemala.
Desafíos para el futuro urbano en América Latina
Authors: Scarpacci Martin
Published: January 2017

Entrevista a Augusto Barrera. Exalcalde de Quito, es hoy coordinador del Centro de Investigación de Políticas Públicas y Territorio (CITE) de FLACSO Ecuador. Además, fue miembro del grupo de expertos de la Policy Unit 4 ‘Urban Governance, Capacity and Institutional Development’ de la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible-Hábitat III.
Rights, Regulation and Bureaucratic Impact: The Impact of Human Rights Litigation on the Regulation of Informal Trade in Johannesburg
Authors: Pieterse Marius
Published: January 2017

In contemplating the extent to which rights-based litigation is conducive to positive social change, attention ought to be paid to the bureaucratic impact of court judgments that vindicate rights against the State. As a case study of such impact, this article considers the effects of human rights litigation on the regulation of informal trade in the City of Johannesburg, where a 2013 attempt by local government to clamp down on informal trade in the central business district (CBD) led to high-profile court action. After describing and problematising the City's general approach to managing informal trade, the article focuses on "Operation Clean Sweep", which aimed to rid much of the CBD of informal traders and became the focal point of rights-based resistance. It then briefly describes the constitutional and jurisprudential framework within which the legal challenge to "Operation Clean Sweep" was to be decided, before critically discussing the judgment of the Constitutional Court in South African Informal Traders Forum v City of Johannesburg 2014 4 SA 371 (CC), which effectively halted "Operation Clean Sweep" by interdicting the City from removing traders from their places of business. The article then proceeds to consider the aftermath of the judgment, and assesses its impact on the City's informal trade policy and urban management practices, as well as on the broader regulatory and political environment around street trade in South African cities. The article shows that the bureaucratic impact of the judgment has, at best, been mixed, and that the judgment has not been entirely successful in disrupting the legal and bureaucratic mindsets, frameworks and processes that simultaneously create, exacerbate and unsuccessfully attempt to address the "unmanageability" of street trade in Johannesburg.
The Healthy Brain Network Serial Scanning Initiative, Session 8 v1
Authors: O'Connor David , Natan Vega Potler not provided , Meagan Kovacs not provided , Xu Ting , Lei Ai not provided , John Pellman not provided , Tamara Vanderwal not provided , Lucas Parra not provided , Samantha Cohen not provided , Satrajit Ghosh not provided , Jasmine Escalera not provided , Natalie Grant-Villegas not provided , Yael Osman not provided , Anastasia Bui not provided , R Cameron Craddock not provided , Michael P Milham not provided
Published: January 2017

This protocol describes MRI and ADHD Quotient Test for Session 8 of the following work: David O'Connor, et. al. (2017) The Healthy Brain Network Serial Scanning Initiative. GigaScience...
Clinical Mental Health Counseling: A 40-Year Retrospective
Authors: Field Thomas A.
Published: January 2017

In 2016, the American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA) celebrated its 40th year. This retrospective article incorporates documents and interviews with key leaders to examine the development of clinical mental health counseling and outline projected future directions. Particular attention is given to the importance of events during the past decade and the needs of the membership for the coming decade.
Exploratory Analyses of Cognitive Schemas for Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Survivors: Implications for the Research to Practice Gap
Authors: Gonzalez Jennifer E. , Wheeler Naomi J. , Daire Andrew P.
Published: January 2017

Childhood abuse is pervasive and can contribute to long-term adverse consequences for the victim. Child advocacy centers (CAC) provide a community-based and coordinated response to intervention, including mental health counseling. Although evidence-based treatments include techniques to address problematic thinking, these are reported as less preferred and underused by CAC counselors. The present study employs multivariate analysis to examine the influence of cognitive schemas on treatment outcomes for 58 children who received services from a CAC. We found significant improvements in pre to post scores on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) subscales for depression and anxiety. Additionally, treatment outcomes of participants with clinically significant pre-Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS) total scores significantly differed from participants with non-significant pre-TABS scores. Clinical and research implications are presented related to counseling services for survivors of child abuse.
Pathological changes of the cervical spine in children with cervical pain syndrome
Authors: Bakhteeva Nellya K. , Ionova Tat'yana A. , Belonogov Valeriy N. , Bazhanov Sergej P. , Ostrovskij Vladimir V.
Published: January 2017

Background. Interpretation of cervical pain syndrome in children is complicated, resulting in delayed diagnosis of developmental juvenile osteochondrosis. Thus, updating the diagnostic methods of this pathology is particularly important.Aim. To improve methods of cervical spine diagnostics in children with cervical pain syndrome at the base of vertebral and basilar arteries using duplex ultrasound.Material and methods. The study cohort included 148 pediatric patients aged 4–18 years who were divided into two groups: a treatment group of 108 children with cervical pain syndrome and a control group of 40 healthy children. Clinical, radiological (ultrasound, X-ray, and MRI), and statistical methods were used for comparisons.Results. Duplex ultrasound of 108 patients revealed pathological changes of qualitative and quantitative features of C- or S-shaped, corner bend, mesh, excessive, and wave-shaped tortuosity deformities, as well as a reduction or expanse in diameter of one or two of the spinal arteries (SAs). The absence of an influence of osseous cervical spine structures on SAs was considered a sign of congenital genesis of SA deformity, while segmental instability of C2-C3 and/or C3-C4, atlanto-axial subluxation, and a Kimmerle anomaly were considered signs of extravascular compression of SAs. Regardless of the deformity genesis, blood flow was deficit in the vertebral basilar basin because of local hemodynamic disorders at the site of the deformity, particularly in older children. MRI revealed signs of intervertebral disc hypohydration at C2-C3 and/or C3-C4.Conclusion. Pathological changes in SAs of both congenital and acquired genesis resulted in hemodynamic disorders in the vertebral basilar basin in children with cervical pain syndrome, particularly older children.
Effectiveness of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during spinal surgery
Authors: Kuzmina Valentina А. , Suynduykov Airat R. , Nikolaev Nikolay S. , Mikhailova Irina V. , Nikolaeva Alena V.
Published: January 2017

Aim. To assess the application of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) for spinal surgeries in accordance with the Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthesis (Cheboksary, Russian Federation)Material and methods. A total of 366 spinal surgeries, Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Endoprosthesis from 2009 to 2015. From 2009 to 2013, the wake-up test was used as a control method in 116 (65.9%) cases.Results. Application of IONM revealed time-dependent risks and facilitated a reduction in the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications by 3-fold (from 2.6% to 0.8%). In the second half of 2013, IONM was introduced for use in clinical practice. Since then, 250 surgeries were performed with IONM. Of these, the wake-up test was required in 9 (3.6%) patients. Clinical implementation of IONM extended the benefits of surgery to patients with severe pathologies. The number of surgeries for congenital pathologies increased by 10-fold (from 1% to 10%) and by 2.6-fold for degenerative diseases. IONM possibility allows control of intraoperative neurologic complications among patients with spinal injuries (5%) and neuro and muscular scoliosis.Conclusions. The application of IONM minimized the need for the wake-up test and significantly decreased the incidence of neurological complications caused by injury to the spinal cord and spinal roots during execution of spinal manipulations.
Clinical, neurological, and neurophysiological evaluation of the efficiency of motor rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy using robotic mechanotherapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord
Authors: Ikoeva Galina A. , Nikityuk Igor E. , Kivoenko Olga I. , Moshonkina Tatyana R. , Solopova Irina A. , Sukhotina Irina A. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Umnov Valery V. , Gerasimenko Yurii P.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) remains a very difficult task. Stable and growing movement restrictions in such patients cause a life-long need for treatment and rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation of children with CP at various stages includes not only traditional physical rehabilitation methods, but also extensive use of robotic mechanotherapy techniques and new technologies in the field of neurophysiology. One of such technology is non-invasive percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord.Aim of the study: To assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to improve the motor function of children with spastic diplegia using the “Lokomat” robotic mechanotherapy system.Materials and methods. A clinical rehabilitation study of 26 patients aged 6–12 years with CP was conducted. The treatment group included 11 patients who received one course of robotic mechanotherapy using the “Lokomat” system combined with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. The control group included 15 patients who received one course of robotic mechanotherapy only.Results. A comparative analysis of the two groups based on the results of clinical examinations using specific scales (GMFCS, GMFM-88, Modified Ashworth Scale of Muscle Spasticity), locomotor tests (L-FORCE, L-ROM), and evaluations of muscle activity using electromyography showed that one course of rehabilitation resulted in improvement in motor function in all patients of both groups, but positive dynamics were more significant in the treatment group that underwent percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord.Conclusion. Based on clinical data, changes in indicators of the locomotor tests L-FORCE and L-ROM, as well as assessment of changes in muscle activity, showed that motor rehabilitation of children with spastic diplegia using the “Lokomat” robotic mechanotherapy system combined with transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation was more effective than robotic mechanotherapy only.
Relationship between flexion contractures of the joints of the lower extremities and the sagittal profile of the spine in patients with cerebral palsy: a preliminary report
Authors: Umnov Valery V. , Zvozil Alexey V. , Umnov Dmitry V. , Novikov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2017

Background. The considerable incidence of kyphosis in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) causes back pain and aggravates movement disorders. However, few studies have investigated the pathogenesis of this condition.Aim. To identify the relationship between patient motor abilities, the severity of flexion contractures of the knee and hip joints and spinal sagittal profile changes, and the impact on the latter by surgical correction of flexion contracture of the knee joint.Material and methods. The study cohort included 17 pediatric CP patients (11 boys and 6 girls) with a mean age of 13.1 ± 1.3 (range, 10–16) years and level 2–4 spastic diplegia according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The relationship between radiological indicators of the spine sagittal profile and motor abilities of children, as well as the severity of flexion contractures at the hip and knee, and the degree of insufficiency of the active extension of the knee were investigated. Of these 17 patients, 12 underwent surgery to correct flexion contracture of the knee, which involved lengthening of leg flexors, to analyze the impact of contracture on the sagittal profile of the spine. The following radiological indicators were assessed: angle of thoracic kyphosis (CC), lordosis angle (UL) of the lumbar spine, and sacral inclination angle (SS). The study included patients with a CC of at least 30°.Results. Results of an X-ray study showed that the severity of kyphosis was 50.7° ± 2.1°, lordosis was 30.3° ± 4.3°, and SS was 30.5° ± 3.3°. There was a significant association between kyphosis and flexion contracture of the knee joint, as well as between lordosis and insufficient active extension of the knee joint. After elimination of the flexion contracture of the knee, the degree of severity of the CC (thoracic kyphosis) was unchanged, while UL (lordosis angle) and SS (sacral inclination angle) increased by approximately 10°.Conclusion. The severity of kyphosis in patients with CP is mainly dependent on the degree of flexion contracture of the knee joint. Although elimination of contractures does not lead to kyphosis correction, it increases the degree of lumbar lordosis and tilting of the sacrum.
Perspectives of stem cell use in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Semyonov Mikhail G. , Stepanova Yulia V. , Troshchieva Darya О.
Published: January 2017

The discovery of stem cells is one of the greatest achievements of molecular and cell biology, and associated research has confirmed the possibility of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized tissue stem cells. The use of cellular technologies is an important trend in modern medicine. The aim of this article is to briefly review current findings on the use of stem cells in cardiology, endocrinology, neurology, traumatology, and maxillofacial surgery. All data were retrieved from experimental and clinical studies using various cell technologies. The material is part of ongoing maxillofacial surgery research to investigate the possible use of stem cells in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery for jaw bone pathologies in children. Present tissue engineering methods provide some opportunities for solving difficult clinical problems in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Despite some international achievements of effective application of IC in various diseases, clinical use in reconstructive surgery requires further investigation.
Metric Ambiguity and Flow in Rap Music: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Outkast's "Mainstream" (1996)
Authors: Ohriner Mitchell
Published: January 2017

Recent years have seen the rise of musical corpus studies, primarily detailing harmonic tendencies of tonal music. This article extends this scholarship by addressing a new genre (rap music) and a new parameter of focus (rhythm). More specifically, I use corpus methods to investigate the relation between metric ambivalence in the instrumental parts of a rap track (i.e., the beat) and an emcee's rap delivery (i.e., the flow). Unlike virtually every other rap track, the instrumental tracks of Outkast's "Mainstream" (1996) simultaneously afford hearing both a four-beat and a three-beat metric cycle. Because three-beat durations between rhymes, phrase endings, and reiterated rhythmic patterns are rare in rap music, an abundance of them within a verse of "Mainstream" suggests that an emcee highlights the three-beat cycle, especially if that emcee is not prone to such durations more generally. Through the construction of three corpora, one representative of the genre as a whole, and two that are artist specific, I show how the emcee T-Mo Goodie's expressive practice highlights the rare three-beat affordances of the track.
Are Stopped Strings Preferred in Sad Music?
Authors: Huron David , Trevor Caitlyn
Published: January 2017

String instruments may be played either with open strings (where the string vibrates between the bridge and a hard wooden nut) or with stopped strings (where the string vibrates between the bridge and a performer's finger pressed against the fingerboard). Compared with open strings, stopped strings permit the use of vibrato and exhibit a darker timbre. Inspired by research on the timbre of sad speech, we test whether there is a tendency to use stopped strings in nominally sad music. Specifically, we compare the proportion of potentially open-to-stopped strings in a sample of slow, minor-mode movements with matched major-mode movements. By way of illustration, a preliminary analysis of Samuel Barber's famous Adagio from his Opus 11 string quartet shows that the selected key (B-flat minor) provides the optimum key for minimizing open string tones. However, examination of a broader controlled sample of quartet movements by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven failed to exhibit the conjectured relationship. Instead, major-mode movements were found to avoid possible open strings more than slow minor-mode movements.
Chka! A Portrait of Armenian Healthcare
Authors: Zumrova Andrea
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTArmenia is an often overlooked country with a colourful history and an unusual healthcare system from the perspective of a Canadian medical student. This report gives a portait of Armenian healthcare practices and some cultural context in which to understand these practices. The information was obtained on my month long elective in Yerevan, Armenia. RÉSUMÉL’Arménie est parfois perçue comme un pays avec une histoire haute en couleur et avec un système de santé hors de l’ordinaire lorsqu’on adopte la perspective des étudiants en médecine au Canada. Ce compte rendu donne un aperçu du système de santé ar­ménien en ce qui concerne ses différentes pratiques médicales et va aussi fournir un contexte culturel pour d’avantage approfondir la compréhension de leurs approches médicales. L’information est fondée et inspirée par mon stage d’observation clinique d’un mois au Yerevan en Arménie.
When Healthcare Systems Collide: An International Elective Student’s Perspective
Authors: Zhou Linda
Published: January 2017

N/A
First Nation and Medical Student Perspectives on the Participation in Culturally Immersive Learning Experiences During Medical Training
Authors: Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Constant Jennifer
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTImmersive cultural learning placements in First Nations communities allow medical students to develop a first-person perspective and a deeper understanding of the determinants of Indigenous health. Complementary student and community viewpoints on a medical student placement at Mattagami 71 reserve, a First Nations community in Northern Ontario, are presented in this commentary. RÉSUMÉLes placements d’apprentissage culturel par immersion dans les communautés des Premières Nations permettent aux étudiants en médecine de développer une perspective personnelle et une compréhension approfondie des déterminants de la santé chez les personnes autochtones. Ce commentaire présente les points de vue complémentaires d’une étudiante et d’un membre de la com­munauté sur un placement étudiant à la réserve Mattagami 71, une communauté des Premières Nations dans le nord de l’Ontario.
Effect of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgeries under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: N Revi , P Mithun Raju , Ali Mohsin Mohammed
Published: January 2017

Background: Magnesium sulphate is being used for postoperative pain relief intravenously, intrathecally and epidurally. Currently, it is also gaining popularity as an adjuvant in blocks. The objective of the study was aimed at the postoperative analgesic effects of magnesium sulphate when given as intravenous infusion in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgeries under spinal anaesthesia and to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of magnesium sulphate infusion in a study cohort who received magnesium sulphate with the control cohort who were not given magnesium sulphate and underwent arthroscopic knee surgeries under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: After obtaining ethical committee clearance and consent from the patients, 31 patients each were placed in study cohort and control cohort. Spinal anaesthesia was administered in the lateral decubitus position through the L3–4 or L4–5 interspace. Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% solution with fentanyl 20 μg was injected intrathecally. After spinal anaesthesia, patients received magnesium sulphate 50 mg/kg for 15 min and then 15 mg/kg/hr by continuous intravenous infusion until the end of surgery. The other group did not receive magnesium sulphate infusion. Postoperative pain scores and postoperative analgesic consumption were the primary end points.Results: The results of the study reveal the efficacy of perioperative intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate in prolonging the spinal block as well as reducing the postoperative pain scores without hemodynamic variability or side effects.Conclusions: Post-operative pain and analgesic consumption was reduced with the use of intravenous magnesium following spinal anaesthesia.
Cervical sonomorphometric evaluation of normal and preterm labour by transvaginal and transabdominal sonography
Authors: . Khusboo , Kumar Dinesh , Verma Ashish , Chaurasia Suman , Nag Ramvilas
Published: January 2017

Background: Preterm delivery is major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Measuring cervical length (CL) with ultrasonography has become increasingly acceptable as an early diagnostic procedure in patients at risk for PTL, with transvaginal ultrasonography (TV Us) being considered as the gold standard for the CL assessment.Methods: A cohort of women with singleton pregnancies, and confirmed gestational age by first or early second trimester ultrasonography, last menstrual period & clinical assessment were selected to undergo transvaginal and transabdominal sonographic measurement of cervical length between 16 and 34 week gestation. Cervical length was first measured by transabdominal route (TAS) using a 3.5 MHz curved electronic array transducer with the patient in the supine position and with a full bladder, transvaginal sonography (TVS) was done by a 7.5 MHz probe attached to an ultrasound machine. The probe was covered with a latex condom and gel placed between the transducer and the cover and also on the surface. It was then gently inserted in the vagina to obtain a sagittal view of the cervix. Doppler measurement were taken by both transabdominal and transvaginal route.Results: Gradual decrease in cervical length is seen with advancement of gestation weeks. TA Us cervical length values are noted higher than TV Us however significance is seen only at 24 weeks and cervical width are showing gradual increase with advancement of gestation weeks without significant difference between them. The study compared the mean spectral Doppler parameters RI, PI and S/D Ratio at different weeks & observed that TV Us values are more at each gestation weeks than TA Us showing significant difference 24 weeks onwards.Conclusions: Although discrepancy in statistical significance, short cervical length, funneling and gland area are important to recognize for prediction of premature onset of labour, owing to the potential for perinatal morbidity and mortality and socioeconomic burden. Transvaginal sonography remains the dominant imaging modality for evaluation of the cervix. It is operator dependent modality so care should be taken to evaluate each morphologic character.
Assessment of rational use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis and post- operative cases at district hospital Gulbarga
Authors: Ather Zaheeruddin , Lingaraju N. , Lakshman Santosh , Harsoor S. S.
Published: January 2017

Background: Postoperative wound infections are the major cause of morbidity in surgical patients. The use of pre and peri-operative antibiotics, with sound and appropriate principles of prophylaxis are applied can result in a reduced risk of postoperative infection. Although the principles of antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical procedures have been well defined for many years, inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials for this purpose remains widespread.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on the inpatients undergoing surgical procedures. ASHP (American Society of Health System Pharmacists) and SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) guidelines were used as the standard guideline.Results: Of the total 150 procedures reviewed, 130 procedures were entered in the analysis. Of these procedures, the rate of totally compliant prescriptions was 28.46%. Totally in 93 (71.53%) patients, the antibiotic prophylaxis was found to be inappropriate. In 36 (27.70%) patients, indication for antibiotic prophylaxis was not proper and in total 38 (44.19%) patients, where antibiotic prophylaxis was justified and given, proper antimicrobial agent was not used.Conclusions: Instead of existence of the written guidelines for antimicrobial surgical prophylaxis there are significant deviations from the recommendations in current clinical practice. Adherence of antibiotic prophylaxis to these guidelines is needed to be evaluated routinely in clinical practice.
Generation of signals with prescribed spectral characteristics
Authors: Baraboshin A. Yu. , Minaeva O. A.
Published: January 2017

The main causes of undesirable changes in signal frequency-amplitude characteristics at the output of modern generators are stated in the paper. A functional scheme of the waveform generator is presented. The generator is constructed with the use of home-produced hardware components. A simplified scheme of the on-board transmitting device for the small spacecraft Aist-2 is taken as an example. The operation and interaction of units of the scheme, as well as the principle of generation of signals with various types of modulation are described. The device developed is analyzed. The units that make the most undesirable changes in the frequency-amplitude characteristic of the output signal are identified. A method of combatting bandpass flatness of frequency-amplitude characteristics is described. The spectra of the output signal prior to and after frequency correction are presented. The process of origination of parasitic amplitude modulation in a digital computation synthesizer in the case of generating signals with frequencies close to the Nyquist rate is explained. A method of combatting parasitic amplitude modulation caused by the use of a digital attenuator in the digital computation synthesizer is also discussed. It is shown that the application of the methods proposed makes it possible to develop a special waveform generator that can ensure the required spectral characteristics of the signals.
Research of the coefficient of reflection of the electromagnetic pulse from thin films and nanomaterials
Authors: Skvortsov B. V. , Zhivonosnovskaya D. M.
Published: January 2017

The article deals with the vital task of measuring electromagnetic parameters of thin films and nanomaterials based on the sensing of surface controlled by pulsed electromagnetic signal. A method of non-contact control of such parameters as conductivity, as well as dielectric and magnetic permeability is justified. The proposed method is based on the sensing of the controlled surface by a pulsed electromagnetic signal with its subsequent analysis. Analytical relations that relate the phase and amplitude of the reflected signal to its spectral component, coefficient of reflection, self-surge impedances of the controlled medium and the signal propagation medium, as well as to the design parameters of the measurement system, such as the angle of incidence of the probing pulse and the distance to the object of measurement are presented. A brief mathematical description of the method is given. The dependence of the parameters of the reflected signal on the basic electromagnetic properties of materials is demonstrated.
Influence of asymmetrical initial form imperfections on fre oscillations of thin shells
Authors: Seregin S. V.
Published: January 2017

In the framework of the theory of shallow shells we studied the effect of the initial deviations from the ideal circular cylindrical shape on flexural vibrations of thin isotropic shells. For the first time the possibility of an additional zone of splitting the flexural frequency spectrum due to the presence of initial shell form imperfections is shown in the paper. It is found that the splitting of the frequency spectrum occurs not only in cases when the number of waves of circumferential dynamic strain is equal to the number of waves of shell form imperfections as generally agreed at present, but also in cases when the number of shape-generating waves is half that of wave imperfections. In the first case, both the split frequencies are lower than the corresponding frequency of the ideal shell. It was established that for some geometrical parameters of the shell the frequencies of radial vibrations may be commensurate with the flexural ones. Solutions that take into account the interaction of bending and radial mode shapes are complemented with new results and conclusions. It was concluded that under the influence of periodic loads that inevitably arise in the operating conditions of shell structures, non-resonant zones defned according to the traditional approach can, in fact, be resonant. Resonance hazardous vibration conditions of shell structures with irregularities of this kind can occur at frequencies much lower or higher than the traditional theory predicted. This behavior of imperfect shells may lead to high stress-strain state of the structure and complex types of dynamic instability under operating conditions. The results and conclusions obtained in this work call for the revision of problems of the dynamics of shells with form imperfections that were solved earlier.
Influence of the burner form on the combustion chamber outlet temperature field ripple for different modes of operation of gas turbine engines
Authors: Markushin A. N. , Baklanov A. V.
Published: January 2017

This article describes a method of identifying combustion chamber temperature field ripple by the preparation of the set of nozzles in the engine. It shows combustion chamber temperature field ripple with a divergent nozzle and a convergent one used in the burner. The design of the combustion chamber and that of the burners are described. Diagrams are plotted that show variation in circular and radial temperature field ripple depending on the engine behavior. The combustor exit temperature field non-uniformity is assessed using such parameters as the overall temperature distribution factor, the radial temperature distribution factor and the circumferential temperature distribution factor. Comparative analysis of the results of testing two combustion chambers with different modifications of burners is carried out. Conclusions about the effect of the burner design on the temperature field ripple are made.
La visión de Laṅkā en el Rāmāyaṇa de Vālmīki: una poética de la vida secular
Authors: Figueroa Óscar
Published: January 2017

Este artículo estudia la descripción de Laṅkā, la capital del reino demoníaco, en el libro quinto del Rāmāyaṇa. Aun subrayando la importancia del ethos y los valores brahmánicos, esta descripción introduce una especie de consagración poética de la vida secular que sugiere una dinámica social más heterogénea. Se ofrecen, además, ejemplos de versiones posteriores del Rāmāyaṇa donde esa heterogeneidad se con- trae a favor de una visión puramente religiosa.
Ante el dolor de los demás. Las lágrimas de Marguerite Duras
Authors: Balcázar Melina
Published: January 2017

A lo largo de su obra narrativa y cinematográfica, Marguerite Duras explora las po- sibilidades de transformación —del sujeto, de la historia— que la emoción puede abrir. Una emoción que la autora quiere desbordante, excesiva, como una forma de insumisión contra el orden moral y social. Así, las lágrimas —las suyas y las de sus personajes— buscan decirnos algo más acerca del poder del pathos, mediante la relación que establece entre la muerte y el deseo.
Esther Cohen. 'El silencio del nombre'. Buenos Aires: IIFL-UNAM / Ediciones Godot, 2016.
Authors: Martínez de la Escalera Ana María
Published: January 2017

Desde que leí El silencio del nombre, una cuestión ha estado dándome vueltas en la cabeza: ¿qué es lo pecu- liar de la escritura de Esther Cohen, que parece inclinarse hacia la estrategia an- tes que hacia el estilo? Lo cual no sólo explicaría este libro que estamos consi- derando, sino a los anteriores por igual. Empero, si he interrogado a este texto en particular es porque posee la virtud de la madurez, de la consolidación de un oficio que admiro.
DIARRHEA INCIDENT IN CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS POST CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT
Authors: Armini Ni ketut alit , Muhayanah Masfin , Nastiti Aria
Published: January 2017

Backgrounds :  Cervical cancer is second most diseases suffered by women. Chemotherapy is primary treatment for cervical cancer. Chemotherpy has some side effect, and one of them is diarrhea. Diarrhea make cervical cancer suffered more. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation of factor’s that cause diarrhea on  cervical cancer.Methods : This research uses descriptive analitic method with retrospective design. The population in this research is all patients who had post first chemotherapy. Sample in this study were 21 respondents, with purposive sampling. Variable independent were type of chemotherapy drugs, character of chemotheraphy, staging, stress and dietary. Variable dependent was diarrhea. Data collected using quesionare. Data were analyzed using chi square test with level of significant α≤0,05.Results : The result of the study reveals that type of the chemotherapy drug p:0,598, character of chemotheraphy p:0,336,. Staging  has correlation with diarrhea significant of p:0,022. Stress and dietary analysisis presented p:0,00. It means that there was significant correlation with diarrhea.Conclusion : It can be concluded that diarrhea  incident  related to staging, stress and dietarry. There‘s no correlation between type of chemotherapy drug, character of chemotheraphy with diarrhea Further studies should give health education about dietary causing diarrhea, chemotherapy procedural and sides effect’s, increase supports for patient with cervical cancer. Keyword: Cervical Cancer, Chemotherapy, Diarrhea.
PERAN KELUARGA DAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN KANKER SERVIKS
Authors: Kusumaningrum Tiyas , Pradanie Retnayu , Yunitasari Esti , Kinanti Sih
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Cervical cancer diagnosis has been a major burden both for patients and their family. For patients, cervical cancer obliterated some of their role as a wife and a mother. Most patients with advance cancer have low score of quality of life indicating they have problems. Family must take care of their beloved ones dealing with the diagnosis, treatment, and side effects of cervical cancer. Family as a caregiver might be ill prepared to undertake that role. The objective of this research was to identify the correlation of family health task on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Methods. This research employed cross-sectional design. Population in this research was all patients with cervical cancer in gynecology ward Dr Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya. Participant for this research were patients with cervical cancer and their family. Data were taken by structured interview using Fact Cx for Quality of life and family health task question form. Linear regression analysis was applied with level of significance ≤0.05. Results. Most family had moderate level of family health task while most patients also have moderate level of quality of life. Unfortunately there are no significance correlations of family health task on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Discussion. Quality of life in patient with cervical cancer was not affected directly by their family health task. Nonetheless patient gratefully thanks family for their support during their cancer treatments.  Keywords: family health task, fact cx, family support, quality of life, cervical cancer