bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introdução à Prospecção de Produtos Naturais
Authors: Morais Selene Maia de , Vieira Ícaro Gusmão Pinto
Published: September 2021

A prospecção de produtos naturais de plantas se faz através de metodologias que estão inseridas na linha de estudo denominada fitoquímica, essencial para o seu aproveitamento. A investigação de substâncias presentes em plantas e outros organismos vivos exige o desenvolvimento de procedimentos padronizados para a preparação de extratos de forma reprodutível e eficiente e a determinação da sua composição química. As principais técnicas envolvidas nesta investigação constituem as metodologias como cromatografia em fase gasosa (CG), cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e técnicas de fracionamento de extratos de composição complexa. Este livro está dividido em sete capítulos em que será feita a apresentação dos diversos tipos de metabólitos secundários presentes em plantas, preparação de extratos das várias partes das plantas por diversas metodologias, isolamento e caracterização destes constituintes por métodos cromatográficos de análise, testes fitoquímicos, utilizando reagentes específicos com formação de precipitados ou mudança de coloração para a caracterização das principais classes de compostos e testes espectrofotométricos para prospecção de compostos fenólicos e determinação de suas atividades antioxidantes. Os vários métodos de extração e de cromatografia permitem o desenvolvimento do estudo de extratos de plantas, resultando o acesso a substâncias importantes como os compostos denominados de flavonoídes, alcaloides, acetogeninas, terpenoides, taninos, polissacarídeos, lipídeos, dentre outros. Este livro foi elaborado inicialmente para consulta na disciplina de Química de Produtos Naturais ministrada no Curso de Química, bem como nas disciplinas de Prospecção de Recursos Naturais do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais e da disciplina Processos de Extração, Purificação e Quantificação de Produtos Naturais do Doutorado em Biotecnologia da RENORBIO da Universidade Estadual do Ceará.
Cytomegalovirus after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: reactivation or reinfection?
Authors: Demin М.V. , Tikhomirov D.C. , Biderman B.V. , Glinschikova О.А. , Drokov М.Yu. , Sudarikov А.B. , Tupoleva Т.А. , Parovitchnikova Е.N. , Filatov F.P.
Published: September 2021

Objective.
To determine type of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (reactivation of a virus strain that was present before transplantation or re-infection with another virus strain) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients by sequencing.

Materials and Methods.
Clinical and laboratory data of 179 recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells collected from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed for CMV DNA in clinical specimens before and after transplantation. A total of 14 patients (28 samples) were included in the study. The CMV UL139 gene encoding viral glycoprotein was chosen for virus genotyping and sequence alignment. The primers complementary to its conservative sites were used. The resulting DNA sequence was analyzed using nucleotide BLAST software (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) and Genome compiler (https://designer.genomecompiler.com). The type of infection was determined by comparing DNA sequences before and after transplantation.

Results.
All enrolled patients were anti-CMV-positive prior to transplantation, which indicates the presence of CMV infection. Therefore, none of the patients had a primary infection as a result of transplantation. Of 14 patients, high percentage of sequence alignment (~100%) was observed in 8 patients. For the other 6 patients, substantial differences in sequences which indicate the different genotypes and the different type of infection were found. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the time to viral DNA appearance after transplantation in patients with re-infection and reactivation (p > 0.05), nor was there a statistically significant correlation between the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) and the main diagnosis or transfusion load.

Conclusions.
Reactivation of the previously registered viral strain and re-infection with another viral strain were equally probable (8 vs. 6 cases). There were no associations between the main diagnosis and the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) possibly due to a small sample size. Time to post-transplantation CMV DNA detection in blood was longer for re-infection (median of 69.5 days) compared to reactivation (median of 27 days), but this difference was also non-statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant contribution of blood transfusion burden to the type of CMV infection, which may suggest the donor blood is not a source of the different strains.
Official statements of the expert meeting on pneumococcal vaccination in adults in Russia
Authors: Avdeev Sergey N. , Briko Nikolay I. , Galstyan G.R. , Dekhnich Andrey V. , Drozdova L.Y. , Zaitsev Andrey A. , Kozlov Roman S. , Nikonova T.V. , Rachina Svetlana A. , Sidorenko Sergey V. , Sinopalnikov Alexander I. , Tkacheva O.N. , Harit S.M. , Chulanov V.P.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the meeting is to obtain an opinion on approaches and recommendations for vaccine prevention of pneumococcal infections in adults.
RESPONS PETANI PADI TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK PETROGANIK BERSUBSIDI DI DESA SEPATAN KECAMATAN GONDANG KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: ERMAWATI DEWI
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana respons petani padi terhadap penggunaan pupuk organikPetroganik bersubsidi di Desa Sepatan Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Tulungagung.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi.Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 orang petani yang memperoleh pupuk organik bersubsidi yang diambil secara acak, sedangkan penentuan lokasi penelitian secara purposive sampling.Data diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara langsung dengan petani yang terpilih sebagai sampel dalam penelitian.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah respons kognitif atau tingkat pemahaman petani padi terhadap penggunaan pupuk organikPetroganik persentasenya tertingggi berada dalam kategori cukup untuk semua indikator. Persentase untuk indikator pengetahuan dan keunggulan pupuk Petroganik masing-masing sebesar 80%, tujuan pemberian pupuk Petroganik sebesar 70% dan manfaat pupuk Petroganik sebesar 50%.Respons afektif atau sikap petani padi terhadap pupuk Petroganik meningkatkan produksi (63%) dan pupuk Petroganik menghemat pupuk (50%) persentase tertinggi berada pada kategori cukup, sedangkan sikap bahwa pupuk Petroganik meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, persentase tertinggi (60%) pada kategori sesuai harapan.Respons konatif petani padi terhadap penggunaan dosis pupuk Petroganik, persentase tertinggi (40%) berada pada kategori tidak sesuai harapan

Kata Kunci: respons, pupuk organik, Petroganik, pupuk bersubsidi
Fístula dural arteriovenosa etmoidal: caso clínico
Authors: Rojas Zalazar Francisco , Vallejos Espíndola Joaquín , Sepúlveda Massone Patricio
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Las fístulas durales arterio venosas (FAVd) etmoidales son infrecuentes, representan 6-10% de las FAVd y se caracterizan un alto riesgo de hemorragia con potenciales complicaciones neurológicas severas. Caso clínico: Paciente hombre, de 58 años, encontrado en domicilio con compromiso de conciencia. El estudio con TC de encéfalo muestra un extenso hematoma intracerebral frontal izquierdo con efecto de masa, en el estudio con angioTC de encéfalo se observa FAVd etmoidal. Se realiza cirugía de urgencia, evacuación de hematoma y desconexión de la FAVd. La angiografía cerebral de control postoperatorio no mostró fístula residual. Discusión: Las FAVd de piso anterior presentan un alto riesgo de hemorragia, dado el patrón de drenaje venoso, por lo cual se debe considerar el tratamiento. Dada la angioarquitectura de este tipo de FAVd son poco favorables para tratamiento endovascular, siendo la cirugía el tratamiento de elección.
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND STATE OF RAT BRAIN NEURONS IN CEREBRAL FORM OF ACUTE RADIATION DISEASE
Authors: Шашлов Сергей Валентинович , Шевченко Александр Алексеевич , Рабкина Елена Юрьевна , Пузырева Галина Анатольевна
Published: September 2021

Экспериментально, используя биохимические, гистологические и гистохимические методики, установлено, что ранний период развития церебральной формы острой лучевой болезни в головном мозге животных не наблюдается грубых изменений, несовместимых с жизнью. Выявленные патологические сдвиги носят обратимый характер в течение приблизительно 3 часов после облучения. Грубые необратимые изменения со стороны нервных клеток головного мозга крыс при облучении их в дозе 300 Грей наступают спустя 3 часа после окончания воздействия. Сравнительная характеристика активности ренин-ангиотензивной системы у крыс без выраженных неврологических расстройств и с наличием таковой, позволяет заключить, что её достоверное повышение в первом случае направлено на компенсацию сдвигов водно-электролитного баланса и, наоборот, снижение во втором во многом предопределяет развитие глубоких его нарушений. Состояние водного обмена у крыс до облучения позволяет прогнозировать тяжесть заболевания и продолжительность жизни животного при названных параметрах лучевого воздействия. Немаловажную роль в развитии патологии нейроцитов по типу отёк-набухание играют сдвиги со стороны водно-электролитного обмена и глюкозы крови, которые, в свою очередь, зависят от активности ренин-ангиотензиновой системы почек и островков Лангерганса поджелудочной железы

Experimentally, using biochemical, histological and histochemical methods, it was found that the early period of the development of the cerebral form of acute radiation sickness in the brain of animals does not show gross changes incompatible with life. The detected pathological changes are reversible within approximately 3 hours after irradiation. Gross irreversible changes on the part of the nerve cells of the rat brain when they are irradiated at a dose of 300 Gy occur 3 hours after the end of exposure. Comparative characteristics of the activity of the renin-angiotensive system in rats without pronounced neurological disorders and with the presence of such, allows us to conclude that its significant increase in the first case is aimed at compensating for shifts in the water-electrolyte balance, and, conversely, a decrease in the second largely determines the development of its deep violations. The state of water metabolism in rats before irradiation allows us to predict the severity of the disease and the life expectancy of the animal with these parameters of radiation exposure. An important role in the development of neurocyte pathology by the type of edema-swelling is played by shifts in water-electrolyte metabolism and blood glucose, which, in turn, depend on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system of the kidneys and the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas
MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ACCESS TO MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS USING THE METHODS SEMANTIC PROXIMITY
Authors: Гулов Владимир Павлович , Косолапов Владимир Петрович , Сыч Галина Владимировна , Хвостов Виктор Анатольевич
Published: September 2021

На основе анализа применения моделей управления доступом с использованием тематических иерархических классификаторов в медицинских информационных системах с применением мобильных систем в качестве элементов предложены методы формирования доверительных прав на доступ к объектам. При использовании традиционных тематически иерархических моделей управления доступа логическая информационная архитектура ресурсов медицинских информационных систем формирует собой тематический иерархический классификатор (рубрикатор). Диаграмма Хассе вводит отношения порядка в тематическом классификаторе на решетке безопасности для формирования доверительно - тематических полномочий пользователей медицинских информационных систем. Построение диаграмм Хассе на решетке безопасности включающей несколько уровней безопасности достаточно сложная алгоритмическая задача. При построении доверительно - тематических полномочий пользователей для избегания неопределенности при неполноте построенной диаграммы Хассе и завышения предоставленных полномочий при формировании прав доступа предлагается использовать семантическую близость запроса на доступ пользователя и тематической рубрики иерархического классификатора. Анализ существующих подходов к формированию метрик семантической близости показал, что в качестве наилучшей метрики для задания доверительных полномочий пользователя может использоваться меры близости, основанные на иерархии понятий

Based on the analysis of the application of access control models using thematically hierarchical classifiers in medical information systems using mobile technologies (MS), methods of forming access rights to objects are proposed. When using traditional thematically hierarchical access control models, the logical information architecture of the medical information systems resources forms a thematic hierarchical classifier (rubricator). The Hasse diagram introduces order relations into the thematic classifier on the security grid to form the trust-thematic powers of the medical information systems users. The construction of Hasse diagrams on a security grid that includes several security levels is a rather complex algorithmic task. When constructing trust-thematic user powers to avoid ambiguity in the case of incompleteness of the constructed Hasse diagram and overestimation of the granted powers when forming access rights, it is proposed to use the semantic proximity of the user's access request and the thematic heading of the hierarchical classifier. An analysis of existing approaches to the formation of semantic proximity metrics showed that proximity measures based on a hierarchy of concepts can be used as the best metric for setting the user's trust authority
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TERRAIN IN A LOWER LIMB PROSTHESIS CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Куст Сергей Юрьевич , Маркова Мария Владимировна , Писарева Аза Валерьевна
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена разработке алгоритма определения типа местности, по которой перемещается пользователь протезом нижней конечности. Идентификация местности, по которой происходит движение, является важной задачей при управлении протезами нижних конечностей, так как на разных типах местности протез должен совершать разные модели движений. В данном исследовании высказано предположение о возможности определения типа местности с помощью электромиографических датчиков, которые записывают сигналы от определенных мышц пользователя протезом. Чтобы подтвердить это утверждение, было проведено исследование. Испытуемые выполняли несколько типов движений: движение прямо, подъем и спуск по лестнице, подъем и спуск по наклонной поверхности. Электромиографические сигналы регистрировались от разных мышц нижних конечностей испытуемых. После первичной обработки из сигналов были выделены параметры биоэлектрического сигнала, чаще всего используемые в управлении протезами. Результаты исследования показали, что существует статистическая разница в некоторых параметрах сигнала в зависимости от канала регистрации сигнала и типа местности, на которой происходит движение. Исследование доказало возможность определения типа местности по четырем комбинациям параметр сигнала - мышца. На основании полученных результатов предложен алгоритм идентификации местности

The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for determining the type of terrain along which the user moves with a lower limb prosthesis. Identification of the terrain along which the movement takes place is when controlling the prostheses of the lower extremities, since on different types of terrain the prosthesis must perform different models of movements. In this study, it is assumed that it is possible to determine the location using electromyographic sensors that record signals from the muscles of the wearer with a prosthesis. Research has been done to confirm this claim. The subjects performed several types of movements: straight movement, climbing and descending stairs, ascending and descending an inclined surface. Electromyographic signals were recorded from different muscles of the lower end objects. After primary processing, the parameters of the bioelectric signal were extracted from the signals. The research results show that there is a statistical difference in some signal parameters depending on the signal registration channel and the type of terrain on which the movement takes place. The study proved the possibility of determining the type of terrain by four combinations of signal parameter - muscle. Based on the results obtained, an algorithm for identifying the area is proposed
Vaccination of patients with allergic disease against novel coronavirus infection: position paper of the Russian Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Ilyina Natalya I. , Kurbacheva Oksana M. , Latysheva Elena A. , Latysheva Tatiana V. , Nazarova Evgeniya V. , Nenasheva Natalia M. , Fedenko Elena S. , Khaitov Musa R. , Shartanova Natalia V.
Published: September 2021

One of the key tasks of the previous year is to stop the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which became a pandemic that led to the deaths of more than 4 million people worldwide and more than 140 thousand deaths in Russia. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV) virus of the coronavirus family. Vaccination plays a leading role in ending the pandemic. Currently, five vaccines against COVID-19 have been registered in Russia, namely, Sputnik V, Sputnik light, EpiVacCorona, EpiVacCorona-Н, and СoviVak. The short follow-up period and absence of randomized placebo-controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines in certain patients with chronic diseases lead to several questions about the effectiveness/safety of vaccination in these patients. Given the wide spread of allergic diseases and the heterogeneity of patients with allergopathology, experts of the Russian Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology have developed and approved a position paper on vaccination of patients with allergopathology.
Real-effort survey designs: Open-ended questions to overcome the challenge of measuring behavior in surveys
Authors: Fischer Caroline
Published: September 2021

Based on data triangulation, open-ended questions can be used to overcome a typical problem with data collection using surveys: Human behavior can only be captured as stated or intended, but not as real behavior. In this study on knowledge sharing in the workplace, a quantitative measure of behavioral intention was accompanied by such a qualitative, open-ended measure of behavior. The latter was used as
a proxy for real instead of stated behavior. This item was coded according to the effort a participant made in answering. It is assumed that the greater the effort put into answering the open-ended question, the more
likely it is that the described behavior will be performed in reality. A factorial experimental design was used to analyze the effect of rewards on employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior. As a within-subject design
was used, participants had to answer three open-ended questions referring to different vignettes. A strong order effect appeared, leading to longer answers on average for the first vignette (baseline) compared to subsequent vignettes, independent of treatment. Therefore, this approach to operationalizing behavior in surveys might not be useful in within-subject designs. However, it can be used in between-subject comparisons when participants are asked to answer to a single vignette.
A Look at the Architectural Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties from the Brick-Vaulted Bathroom Outside Nanjing’s Zhonghua Gate – A Secondary Publication
Authors: Bai Ying , Chen Tao
Published: September 2021

There is a brick-vault roofed bathroom building, commonly known as the Cistern Hall (Wengtang), opposite the Grand Baoen Temple Heritage and Scenic Area near the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing. This article analyzes its shape and characteristics by means of a 3D scan that surveys and maps out 2019 data on the site. On this basis, this article suggests that the bathroom may have been built as an annex to the Grand Baoen Temple in the early Ming dynasty. This kind of bathroom design originated in West Asia, entered China during the Yuan dynasty (1271‒1368) and became popular in the Jiangnan region during the Ming (1368‒1644) and Qing (1644‒1911) dynasties. In a lively exchange of architectural ideas, it bore witness to rich, in-depth architectural cultural exchanges between China, Central Asia, and West Asia in the Yuan and Ming dynasties.
The Beginnings of Regional Geography and its Development up to the 17th Century
Authors: Trávníček Dušan
Published: September 2021

The author gives an outline of the development of this discipline since its beginnings in antique times, starting from Herodotos up to the Geographia generalis by Bernard Varenius, marking in the mid-17th century a decisive turn in the further development of regional geography. The author describes the gradual dissemination of knowledge in individual regions as well as written and cartographic procedures. They constituted the basis for a further research with more recent regional interpretations linking up with them.
Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia: Reflecting on Diversity and Ethnic Identity
Authors: Vasudeo Kshipra
Published: September 2021

Ethiopia formed an ethnic federal system in 1991, which recognized ethnic autonomy entirely while ensuring the country’s unity. The new Constitution established a federal structure focused primarily on ethnic territorial units. The constitution ambitions to achieve ethnic freedom and equality by maintaining the state. Ethiopian politics has shifted to a federal liberal and plural system since the military dictatorship ended, as ethnic groups sought to exist under a federal structure that could preserve the country’s stability and diversity. The federal arrangement is noteworthy because its Constitution allows for the inheritance of every ethnic group. It supports an ethicised federal state with a secession mechanism and allows political parties to unite along ethnic lines. It is a worthwhile case study because it is an exception to the general trend in Africa. This paper examines how ethnic Federalism is a vital part of the Ethiopian Constitution and gives ethnic autonomy and identity in Ethiopian politics. Theoretical understanding of Federalism and ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia.
Problems of criminal-legal assessment of mental violence
Authors: Kirenko Serhii
Published: September 2021

The article examines the problems of criminal law assessment of mental violence. The author draws attention to the fact that the current criminal legislation in some cases does not contain an adequate criminal law assessment of socially dangerous encroachment on the human psyche, limited to indications of threats, deception or abuse of trust, humiliation and dignity, which do not exhaust the meaning of «mental violence». At the same time, Articles 129 and 185 of the Criminal Code leave out a number of important points outside the legislative attention. For example, Art. 129 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides for liability for the threat of murder, but does not provide for liability for the threat of harm to the health of a person, if there were grounds to fear the threat, which is unlikely because the threat caused serious suffering to a person who fears not only for his life, but also for health. Article 189 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine limits the range of addressees of relevant threats only to the victim and his close relatives and leaves out of the sphere of protection of other persons who are close to the victim, but are not his close relatives (brides, friends). Also, the current Criminal Code does not address at the regulatory level such types of mental violence as hypnosis, suggestion, etc. methods of human manipulation (including the use of technical means), which are used to inflict various harm to the person and his interests. The author proposes to make changes and additions to the Criminal Code, which will eliminate the above gaps in the legislation. In particular, it is proposed to supplement Art. 129 of the Criminal code of Ukraine by the instruction on threat of harm to health of the person, in Art. 189 the words «close relatives» should be replaced by «close persons», and it is also proposed to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with a new article, which will establish responsibility for manipulating the human psyche.

Keywords: human psyche, manipulation, criminal-legal assessment.
Some aspects of the study of international standards in the field of combating domestic violence and its impact on the criminal law policy of Ukraine
Authors: Shpiliarevych Viktoriia
Published: September 2021

The article states that domestic violence, existing in all spheres of public life, as a result leads into the destruction of family values, violation of human and civil rights and freedoms, makes an irreparable impact on mental and physical health of victims. Therefore, since ancient times it has been a problem of human existence, and, unfortunately, it is to remain relevant nowadays.

In modern social developments, counteraction of domestic violence is one of the priorities not only of internal policy of any state, but also an issue of international criminal law policy. In particular, the study of about its extension in different countries proves the international nature of this negative social phenomenon.

The fact that counteraction of domestic violence has become a part of Ukraine's domestic policy to create a society free of gender-based violence, was finally affirmed on November 7, 2011, when the Ukrainian state joined the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence adopted by the Council of Europe of May 11, 2011.

The most important event in the history of criminal law policy in the field of domestic violence was the adoption on December 6, 2017, of the bills «On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine to implement the Council of Europe' Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence». As a result, on January 11, 2019, the General and Special parts of the Criminal Code of Ukraine were supplemented with a number of norms related to the scope of counteraction of this negative social phenomenon.
Resumption of closed criminal proceedings: problematic issues
Authors: Zhmudinskyi Vasyl
Published: September 2021

The article deals with problematic issues related to the resumption by a prosecutor of criminal proceedings closed by the decision of an investigator.

It is proved that the investigator's decision to close criminal proceedings can be appealed to the investigating judge or prosecutor within ten days of receiving a copy thereof. However, the prosecutor, to monitor the legality and validity of the investigator's decision, can independently reverse the decision to close the criminal proceedings.

At the same time, an important point in this situation is that the legislation sets a time frame for the prosecutor, namely twenty days, from the moment he receives the decision from the investigator, during which he can check the decision to close the criminal proceedings for its legality and make a decide on its reversal.

Attention is drawn to the fact that prosecutors do not always adhere to the specified twenty-day period and groundlessly reverse legal decisions to close criminal proceedings, referring to Part 6 of Article 36 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which defines the powers of the prosecutor to reverse illegal and unjustified decisions of investigators and subordinate prosecutors within the terms of pre-trial investigation.

It is argued that the prosecutor's right to reverse an illegal and unjustified decision to close criminal proceedings is not included in the terms of pre-trial investigation because it is already outside it, and therefore if the prosecutor reverses the specified decision after the expiration of the twenty-day period, it is a violation of Part 6 of Article 284 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.

It is noted that to stop the repeated criminal prosecution of participants in criminal proceedings, it is advisable to appeal the prosecutor's decision to resume criminal proceedings to the court, even though that the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not a relevant provision in this regard.

It is proved that if the court satisfies the complaint and reverses the prosecutor's decision to cancel the decision to close the criminal proceedings, further implementation of the pre-trial investigation will be impossible and the resumed criminal proceedings will be closed.

Proposals have been made to improve the criminal procedure legislation in terms of ensuring the right of participants in criminal proceedings to appeal in court against the prosecutor's decision to reverse the decision to close criminal proceedings.

Keywords: criminal proceedings, prosecutor, pre-trial investigation, investigator, decision, court.
Ensuring the interests of children in cases of deprivation of parental rights
Authors: Datsenko Vasyl
Published: September 2021

Proper child-rearing of children is the main moral and legal obligation for both parents. In addition, the way parents fulfill their relationships fully requires the constant development of the child, according to her formation and becoming as a person.

Unfortunately, not all parents fully communicate their responsibility for the development of the child, the formation of his personality, the importance of their upbringing for a better future of a child.

In those times when parents misuse their shared ties, family law measures may be applied to them when the parental rights greeting appears.

According to most of the scientists, in this category of reference, welcoming parental rights, is carried out by the court to ensure the interests of the child.Meanwhile, deprivation of parental rights is also a type of family legal responsibility, the main service of which is the search for parents.

However, such an approach to amending the institution inviting parental rights into the means of family legal responsibility, highlighting the punitive function of this event, attempts to assign this procedure to the function, the nature of legal liability (fine, educational, preventive), an unjustified conclusion about public employees, the state, society and parents, and this reason distracts from the main participant in this procedure - the child.

When considering the issues of the proclamation of parental rights, the main issue for the court should be the proportionality of the interference with the child's right to a family environment to the level of threat of the child's right to formation, protection, health and education. In their quick reference about the appropriateness of punishing the father, the court cannot be judged, so they cannot be present on the child in any way.

It also appears logical that in such cases the court cannot at all achieve the goal of punishing the father and simultaneuoslyensuring the best interests of the child. Pursuit of the goal of punishing the father ambiguously intersects with the interests of the child and negatively affects them.

Future research should move away from the concept of deprivation of parental rights as a form of family responsibility because in this case the purpose of punishing the father is provided costing the interests of the child.

Keywords: best interests of the child, family law relations, legal responsibility, deprivation of parental rights, family law responsibility.
The auditory brain in action: Intention determines predictive processing in the auditory system—A review of current paradigms and findings
Authors: Korka Betina , Widmann Andreas , Waszak Florian , Darriba Álvaro , Schröger Erich
Published: September 2021

According to the ideomotor theory, action may serve to produce desired sensory outcomes. Perception has been widely described in terms of sensory predictions arising due to top-down input from higher order cortical areas. Here, we demonstrate that the action intention results in reliable top-down predictions that modulate the auditory brain responses. We bring together several lines of research, including sensory attenuation, active oddball, and action-related omission studies: Together, the results suggest that the intention-based predictions modulate several steps in the sound processing hierarchy, from preattentive to evaluation-related processes, also when controlling for additional prediction sources (i.e., sound regularity). We propose an integrative theoretical framework—the extended auditory event representation system (AERS), a model compatible with the ideomotor theory, theory of event coding, and predictive coding. Initially introduced to describe regularity-based auditory predictions, we argue that the extended AERS explains the effects of action intention on auditory processing while additionally allowing studying the differences and commonalities between intention- and regularity-based predictions—we thus believe that this framework could guide future research on action and perception.
The Early Social Cognition Inventory (ESCI): An examination of its psychometric properties from birth to 47 months
Authors: Hoicka Elena , Soy-Telli Burcu , Prouten Eloise , Leckie George , Browne William J. , Nurmsoo Erika , Gattis Merideth
Published: September 2021

Social cognition refers to a broad range of cognitive processes and skills that allow individuals to interact with and understand others, including a variety of skills from infancy through preschool and beyond, e.g., joint attention, imitation, and belief understanding. However, no measures examine socio-cognitive development from birth through preschool. Current test batteries and parent-report measures focus either on infancy, or toddlerhood through preschool (and beyond). We report six studies in which we developed and tested a new 21-item parent-report measure of social cognition targeting 0–47 months: the Early Social Cognition Inventory (ESCI). Study 1 (N= 295) revealed the ESCI has excellent internal reliability, and a two-factor structure capturing social cognition and age. Study 2 (N= 605) also showed excellent internal reliability and confirmed the two-factor structure. Study 3 (N= 84) found a medium correlation between the ESCI and a researcher-administered social cognition task battery. Study 4 (N= 46) found strong 1-month test–retest reliability. Study 5 found longitudinal stability (6 months:N= 140; 12 months:N= 39), and inter-observer reliability between parents (N= 36) was good, and children’s scores increased significantly over 6 and 12 months. Study 6 showed the ESCI was internally reliable within countries (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, Trinidad and Tobago); parent ethnicity; parent education; and age groups from 4–39 months. ESCI scores positively correlated with household income (UK); children with siblings had higher scores; and Australian parents reported lower scores than American, British, and Canadian parents.
TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL WOODS USING PARTICLE INDUCED X–RAY EMISSION (PIXE) METHODS FROM WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: CHARITY ADAEZE ONUMEJOR , FATAI AKINTUNDE BALOGUN , GBENU SEJLO TEMIDAYO , USIKALU MOJISOLA RACHAEL , AANUOLUWA ADAGUNODO THEOPHILUS , AKINPELU AKINWUMI , ACHUKA JUSTINA ADA , EMUOBOR ARIJAJE THEOPHILUS
Published: September 2021

Trace element investigation and its corresponding concentration level in selected tropical woods from western Nigeria was done using PIXE-particle induced X-ray emission methods. Fifteen selected tropical woods were analyzed and twenty-seventrace elements were identified and quantified. The identified trace elements are Na,Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Pb and Bi. Calcium concentration were2835, 3195, 4923, 5608, 7770, 5110, 2743, 5092 and 3451ppm in samples 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, respectively. Potassium recorded2838, 4811, 3184, and 2021ppm in samples 1, 3, 8 and 9, respectively. Silicon recorded5206ppm for sample 4 and 5253ppm for sample 7. Calcium and potassium were observed to have concentration level that is greater than 1000ppm in all the studied samples, hence it can be said that calcium and potassium are major trace element of wood. The concentrations of the elements identified have no immediate health concern on environment and human, therefore the studied tropical woodssafe for use as fuel and other purposes.
Cognitive emotional coping strategies in the case of a group of technical students
Authors:   Universitatea Politehnica din Bucureşti, Balgiu Beatrice Adriana
Published: September 2021

Coping strategies of student groups are influenced by gender, cultural, social and economic strategies. That is why the analysis of various student groups has to be continuous in time and ramified from the point of view of the specificity of the academic environment. In the present article we focused on the relationship between stress evaluation and cognitive-emotional regulation in the case of a group of technical students. (N = 122). A questionnaire for the evaluation of stress (PSS-14, Cohen and Wiliamson, 1988) was used as well as one for the identification of the coping strategies preferences (CERQ, Garnefski, Kraaij and Spinhoven, 2001). The results show that, in general, the group adopts highly adaptive strategies for stress management, especially Plan Refocusing and Positive Reevaluation, strategies which correlate negatively with the perceived stress. Maladaptive strategies such as Catastrophizing, Rumination and Self-blaming are more frequently used by students who perceive stress at a high level. The correlation of the result with other data in the literature suggests that subjects who use the respective strategies of emotional regulation are likely to show symptoms of depression in the future. Gender differences show that females are more likely to resort to Catastropizing, Rumination and Putting into perspective. The strategy of Acceptance needs to be given special attention. The study supports research which reconsider the quality of adaptive coping quality of the strategy of Acceptance.
TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS IN THE NEOADJUVANT SETTING
Authors:   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Bacalbasa Nicolae , Ionescu Olivia ,   “Bucur” Maternity, Bucharest
Published: September 2021

At present, breast cancer (BC) has the highest incidence among the most common forms of cancer in women, almost one million women being diagnosed annually worldwide. However, in recent years BC has registered a low mortality rate mainly in developed, high-income countries. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of BC which is characterized by the absence of protein expression of the two hormone receptors-estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) after immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and the lack of overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) after IHC or in situ fluorescence hybridization technique. More than 170,000 of women are currently diagnosed with TNBC (ER–/PR–/HER2) representing 12-20% of all BC. TNBCs are recognized to have a poor prognosis which translates into a relative low disease-free survival rate for women who receive either neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy as well as a low progression-free survival rate for women who develop distant metastases. Furthermore, biologically, they are much more aggressive than the other types of BC and, owing to their triple “negativity”, a targeted therapy with anti-hormon agents or transtuzumab (anti HER2) cannot be utilized. The aim of this paper is to make a review of the current scientific evidence with regard to the new chemotherapeutic agents used in the neoadjuvant setting as well as the role of surgical treatment in women diagnosed with TNBC.
Traumatic haemoperitoneum – some practical aspects in emergency
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Şerban Dragoş , Şavlovschi Costel ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Brănescu Cristian ,   Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, Khatib Ahed El ,   Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, Tudor Corneliu ,   Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Bucureşti, Nica Adriana ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Vancea Geta ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Dascălu Ana Maria ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a retrospective study conducted from December 2014 – December 2015 on patients admitted in emergency in our clinic for traumatic haemoperitoneum. We have analyzed the causes of production, the most common organs affected, the paraclinical investigations and surgical management of these cases. Abdominal ultrasound in emergency and, in selected cases, abdominal CT imaging tests are reliable and largely replaced peritoneal paracentesis. The most common injuries had affected liver (38.7%) and spleen (28.73%). Surgical exploration should be careful, often coexisting pathologies requiring multiple surgical solving.
Potential markers for allergic rhinitis evaluation
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii „Grigore Alexandrescu“, Bucureşti, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton Adina , Gheorghe Dan-Cristian ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii „M.S. Curie“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Allergic rhinitis is the result of a permanent/intermitent inflammation of the nasal mucosa, exposed to certain alergens. An immunological reaction is the fundamental cause – a type I hypersensitivity reaction, followed by local inflammatory response and immune cell pooling (eosinophiles, basophiles, Th cells, mast cells) in the nasal mucosa. Matrix metaloproteinases are tissue proteases that degrade extracellular matrix and basilar membrane and modulate immune responses. Our article reviews the part metalloproteinases play in the changes suffered by the nasal mucosa in chronic allergic rhinitis (fibrosis, metaplasia, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration).
Chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Diaconu Camelia C. ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă Floreasca, Clinica de Medicină Internă, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Renal dysfunction is one of the most common comorbidity of heart failure and may complicate its evolution. Aim. To analyze the frequency of chronic kidney disease in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest over a period of one year. Material and method. We retrospectively analyzed the data registered in hospital’s database between June 1st, 2014 – June 1st, 2015. Between 01.06.2014-01.06.2015, 609 patients with the diagnosis of chronic heart failure were hospitalized. Of these, 109 (17.89%) were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and represented our group of study. Distribution of chronic kidney disease in patients with chronic heart failure, depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease, was: no patient with stage 1, 26.61% with stage 2, 33.94% with stage 3A, 28.44% in stage 3B, 8.26% with stage 4 and 2.75% with stage 5. Distribution of NYHA class in the study group was: 20.18% NYHA class II, 40.37% NYHA class III, 39, 45% NYHA IV. 37 of the 109 patients (33.94%) with chronic heart failure and CKD had type 2 diabetes. Other important comorbidities in the group of study have been hypertension and anemia. Conclusions. Most patients with chronic heart failure admitted to our clinic were men, had heart failure NYHA class III and presented CKD class 3. A significant proportion of patients had risk factors for both BRC and heart failure: essential hypertension, diabetes and anemia.
SCHWANNOMAS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Authors:   “Profesor Dr. Agripa Ionescu” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Lintoiu Beatrice , Balescu Irina ,   “Ponderas” Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Bacalbasa Nicolae ,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2021

Schwannomas are rare tumors originating from the Schwann cells, that form the neural sheath. These tumors occur most frequently in the head, neck, arms and limbs. Primary schwannomas of the colon and rectum are extremely rare. They are usually benign. Pre-operative biopsy examinations may be difficult and immunohistochemistry is necessary for the correct diagnosis. In contrast to gastrointestinal stromal tumors, schwannomas are negative for CD117 and positive for S100 protein and vimentin. In extremely rare cases, they can present with malignant degeneration if not surgically removed. Therefore, the gold standard treatment for schwannomas is surgical resection.
Reducing the liver injury by administrating salicin for pain treatment
Authors:   Facultatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Universitatea Oradea, Drăgan Felicia , Katalin Fodor Ilona ,   Facultatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Universitatea Oradea, Nemeth Sebastian ,   Facultatea de Medicină şi Farmacie, Universitatea Oradea, Lupu Valeriu V. ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, Bădulescu Oana Viola ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi
Published: September 2021

Pain is a global phenomenon which involves two essential and distinct aspects: perception and response to pain. NSAIDs inhibit the formation of prostaglandins which are proinflammatory mediators by inhibiting nonselective cyclooxygenase enzymes both COX1 and COX2 which have a role in propagating that pain and platelet adhesion. It turned out that all NSAIDs substances disrupt the synthesis of prostaglandins and inhibit the balancing properties and protection of cyclooxygenases with the risk of injuries of several important internal organs accompanied by bleeding, liver disease, anaphylactoid reactions, bronhoconstriction. Administrating naturally extracted salicin can reduce the sensation of pain due to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, without being responsible for the side effects that characterize the NSAIDs.
Myth and reality of tonsillectomy in children?
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii „M.S. Curie“, Epure Veronica ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti, Gheorghe D.C. ,   Spitalul Clinic de Urgenţă pentru Copii „M.S. Curie“,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Carol Davila“, Bucureşti
Published: September 2021

The authors review tonsillectomy from the patient’s point of view, trying to find answers to some of the most frequently asked questions regarding tonsillectomy: will the child be more prone to respiratory disease or weight gain after tonsillectomy?; is there any age limitation or seasonal variation of risks in tonsillectomy?; will the new surgical methods (i.e. coblation) reduce pain and bleeding risk after tonsillectomy? Materials and method. The authors compare their own clinical cases to cases reviewed from the literature. Conclusion. Tonsillectomy in children remains an important and up-to-date surgical technique, with well known indications and obvious benefits.
VASCULO-FIBROUS ARCHITECTURE OF THE MAGISTRAL PORTAL COMPLEXES
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, Chanukvadze Ilia
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was the identification of anatomical characteristics of lympho-biliary interactions and their presumed connections in the intrahepatic portal tracts. Morphological investigation of vascular-fibrous structures in the intrahepatic portal tracts of 75 adults liver samples was performed. It was described that the single segments of the intrahepatic structures and their fibrous tunics constitute of three vascular-fibrous sheathes orbiculary surrounding each other. The extramural biliary mucous glands provide the connections between the lymphatic and intrahepatic biliary systems.