bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of plant species diversity associated with the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae) at the Mediterranean scale
Authors: Baumel Alex , Mirleau Pascal , Viruel Juan , Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda , La Malfa Stefano , Ouahmane Lahcen , Diadema Katia , Moakhar Marwa , Sanguin Hervé , Médail Frédéric
Published: August 2018

Background and aims – The thermophilous woodlands of the Mediterranean region constitute reservoirs of genetic resources for several fruit trees. Among them, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a key component of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems but its ecology was never assessed at the scale of its whole distribution area. Fortunately, phytosociological literature shelters invaluable resources for several issues in conservation, among them the possibility to analyse plant biodiversity at regional or continental scale. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of the phytosociological literature associated to carob tree. Methods – We collected 1542 floristic relevés performed in 18 geographical areas distributed around the Mediterranean in which the presence of C. siliqua was recorded. Species composition of the plant communities was analysed by multivariate ordination and hierarchical classification, and species diversity was evaluated by rarefaction and prediction analyses of Hill numbers. Key results – Multivariate analyses revealed that plant communities associated with the carob tree are well differentiated between the Western and Eastern basins. A wider range of floristic differentiation is revealed in the Western basin where the vegetation reaches its maximal heterogeneity. By comparison, in the Eastern basin the plant assemblages associated with the carob tree are more homogeneous and with a lower species richness but a higher Simpson diversity. Conclusions – The large ecological range of the Mediterranean carob trees is potentially an important evolutionary legacy for the conservation of genetic resources and seed sourcing for new uses such as restoration ecology.
Importance of seasonally resolved oceanic emissions for bromoform delivery from the tropical Indian Ocean and west Pacific to the stratosphere
Authors: Fiehn Alina , Quack Birgit , Stemmler Irene , Ziska Franziska , Krüger Kirstin
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Oceanic very short-lived substances (VSLSs), such as bromoform
(CHBr3), contribute to stratospheric halogen loading and, thus, to
ozone depletion. However, the amount, timing, and region of bromine delivery
to the stratosphere through one of the main entrance gates, the Indian summer
monsoon circulation, are still uncertain. In this study, we created two
bromoform emission inventories with monthly resolution for the tropical
Indian Ocean and west Pacific based on new in situ bromoform measurements and
novel ocean biogeochemistry modeling. The mass transport and atmospheric
mixing ratios of bromoform were modeled for the year 2014 with the particle
dispersion model FLEXPART driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. We compare
results between two emission scenarios: (1) monthly averaged and (2) annually averaged
emissions. Both simulations reproduce the atmospheric distribution of
bromoform from ship- and aircraft-based observations in the boundary layer
and upper troposphere above the Indian Ocean reasonably well. Using monthly resolved emissions, the main oceanic source regions for the
stratosphere include the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in boreal summer and
the tropical west Pacific Ocean in boreal winter. The main stratospheric
injection in boreal summer occurs over the southern tip of India associated
with the high local oceanic sources and strong convection of the summer
monsoon. In boreal winter more bromoform is entrained over the west Pacific
than over the Indian Ocean. The annually averaged stratospheric injection of
bromoform is in the same range whether using monthly averaged or annually averaged
emissions in our Lagrangian calculations. However, monthly averaged emissions
result in the highest mixing ratios within the Asian monsoon anticyclone in
boreal summer and above the central Indian Ocean in boreal winter, while
annually averaged emissions display a maximum above the west Indian Ocean in
boreal spring. In the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone bromoform atmospheric
mixing ratios vary by up to 50 % between using monthly averaged and annually
averaged oceanic emissions. Our results underline that the seasonal and
regional stratospheric bromine injection from the tropical Indian Ocean and
west Pacific critically depend on the seasonality and spatial distribution
of the VSLS emissions.
Developing a global operational seasonal hydro-meteorological forecasting system: GloFAS-Seasonal v1.0
Authors: Emerton Rebecca , Zsoter Ervin , Arnal Louise , Cloke Hannah L. , Muraro Davide , Prudhomme Christel , Stephens Elisabeth M. , Salamon Peter , Pappenberger Florian
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Global overviews of upcoming flood and drought events are
key for many applications, including disaster risk reduction initiatives.
Seasonal forecasts are designed to provide early indications of such events
weeks or even months in advance, but seasonal forecasts for hydrological
variables at large or global scales are few and far between. Here, we present
the first operational global-scale seasonal hydro-meteorological forecasting
system: GloFAS-Seasonal. Developed as an extension of the Global Flood
Awareness System (GloFAS), GloFAS-Seasonal couples seasonal meteorological
forecasts from ECMWF with a hydrological model to provide openly available
probabilistic forecasts of river flow out to 4 months ahead for the global
river network. This system has potential benefits not only for disaster risk
reduction through early awareness of floods and droughts, but also for
water-related sectors such as agriculture and water resources management, in
particular for regions where no other forecasting system exists. We describe
the key hydro-meteorological components and computational framework of
GloFAS-Seasonal, alongside the forecast products available, before discussing
initial evaluation results and next steps.
Detecting dominant changes in irregularly sampled multivariate water quality data sets
Authors: Lehr Christian , Dannowski Ralf , Kalettka Thomas , Merz Christoph , Schröder Boris , Steidl Jörg , Lischeid Gunnar
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Time series of groundwater and stream water quality often exhibit substantial
temporal and spatial variability, whereas typical existing monitoring data
sets, e.g. from environmental agencies, are usually characterized by
relatively low sampling frequency and irregular sampling in space and/or
time. This complicates the differentiation between anthropogenic influence
and natural variability as well as the detection of changes in water quality
which indicate changes in single drivers. We suggest the new term “dominant
changes” for changes in multivariate water quality data which concern
(1) multiple variables, (2) multiple sites and (3) long-term patterns and
present an exploratory framework for the detection of such dominant changes
in data sets with irregular sampling in space and time. Firstly, a non-linear
dimension-reduction technique was used to summarize the dominant
spatiotemporal dynamics in the multivariate water quality data set in a few
components. Those were used to derive hypotheses on the dominant drivers
influencing water quality. Secondly, different sampling sites were compared
with respect to median component values. Thirdly, time series of the
components at single sites were analysed for long-term patterns. We tested
the approach with a joint stream water and groundwater data set quality
consisting of 1572 samples, each comprising sixteen variables, sampled with a
spatially and temporally irregular sampling scheme at 29 sites in northeast
Germany from 1998 to 2009. The first four components were interpreted as
(1) an agriculturally induced enhancement of the natural background level of
solute concentration, (2) a redox sequence from reducing conditions in deep
groundwater to post-oxic conditions in shallow groundwater and oxic
conditions in stream water, (3) a mixing ratio of deep and shallow
groundwater to the streamflow and (4) sporadic events of slurry application
in the agricultural practice. Dominant changes were observed for the first
two components. The changing intensity of the first component was interpreted
as response to the temporal variability of the thickness of the unsaturated
zone. A steady increase in the second component at most stream water sites
pointed towards progressing depletion of the denitrification capacity of the
deep aquifer.
Obtaining reliable localizations with Time Reverse Imaging: limits to array design, velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios
Authors: Werner Claudia , Saenger Erik H.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Time Reverse Imaging (TRI) is evolving into a standard technique for localizing and characterizing seismic events. In recent years, TRI has been applied to a wide range of applications from the lab scale over the field scale up to the global scale. No identification of events and their onset times is necessary when localizing events with TRI. Therefore, it is especially suited for localizing quasi-simultaneous events and events with a low signal-to-noise ratio. However, in contrast to more regularly applied localization methods, the prerequisites for applying TRI are not sufficiently known. To investigate the significance of station distributions, complex velocity models and signal-to-noise ratios for the localization quality, numerous simulations were performed using a finite difference code to propagate elastic waves through three-dimensional models. Synthetic seismograms were reversed in time and re-inserted into the model. The time-reversed wavefield backpropagates through the model and, in theory, focuses at the source location. This focusing was visualized using imaging conditions. Additionally, artificial focusing spots were removed with an illumination map specific to the setup. Successful localizations were sorted into four categories depending on their reliability. Consequently, individual simulation setups could be evaluated by their ability to produce reliable localizations. Optimal inter-station distances, minimum apertures, relations between array and source location, heterogeneities of inter-station distances and total number of stations were investigated for different source depth as well as source types. Additionally, the quality of the localization was analysed when using a complex velocity model or a low signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, an array in Southern California was investigated for its ability to localize seismic events in specific target depths while using the actual velocity model for that region. In addition, the success rate with recorded data was estimated. Knowledge about the prerequisites for using TRI enables the estimation of success rates for a given problem. Furthermore, it reduces the time needed for adjusting stations to achieve more reliable localizations and provides a foundation for designing arrays for applying TRI.
Comparative Discussion of the Racialized Play of Symbolic Capital in Cultural and Political Economies of Indigenous Gambling in Australia and the United States
Authors: Nicoll Fiona
Published: August 2018

This article aims to unsettle a pervasive cultural distinction between gambling – on one hand - and the competitive games of society – on the other - by exploring the role of whiteness as a form of symbolic capital in two different but closely related nations. Rather than following Pierre Bourdieu in relegating gambling to the constitutive outside of neo-liberal cultural and political economies, where sub-proletarian subjects are rendered simultaneously the object of an academic gaze and of public worrying about problem gambling, I will explore racialized dimensions of the many games of strength, skill and chance that constitute everyday culture in ex-settler-colonial nations. Comparative discussion highlights the role of gambling in mediating and transforming relationships of sovereignty between Indigenous and non-Indigenous citizens in Australia and the US.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , Walter Maggie , Singh David
Published: August 2018

The first two articles of this edition of the journal testify to the lengthening reach of the discipline of Critical Indigenous Studies that is, remarkably, still in its nascence. Emiel Martens examines the development of Maori filmmaking since the 1980s and takes the opportunity to explore this Indigenous cinema in the context of developments in the New Zealand film industry generally. Shifting from cultural production to renewable energy, Steven M. Hoffman and Thibault Martin remind us that in the effort to satiate the demands for energy, it is often Indigenous peoples who bear adverse consequences. Using a social capital framework, the authors examine the impact of the development of hydroelectric power upon a displaced Aboriginal community and conclude that displacement has resulted in an erosion of cohesive social bonds that once ensured a sustainable way of life
Funding and Ethics in Métis Community Based Research
Authors: Evans Mike , Anderson Chris , Dietrich Devin , Bourassa Carrie , Logan Tricia , Berg Lawrence D , Devolder Elizabeth
Published: August 2018

Recent ethical guidelines developed by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research along with the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans stress the importance of Aboriginal community engagement in research. Although these are positive changes meant to ensure respectful and responsive research relationships between communities and researchers, the understanding of 'community' employed by the new guidelines is problematic. In this sense, the guidelines rely on hegemonic understandings of what it is to be an Aboriginal person in Canada, as well as white spatial imaginaries of Aboriginal geographies. In this way, the guidelines codify Aboriginality and its spatiality as that of well-structured, landed, bounded and distinct rural communities. However, the contemporary Métis communities with whom the authors have worked rarely fit into hegemonic imaginaries of Aboriginality and its geographies in Canada. Rather, Métis communities are often institutionally weak, geographically dispersed and sociologically complex. Thus, we argue that the guidelines instantiate a territorialisation of society and space that risks re-marginalising Métis communities.
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

This edition testifies to the broad international reach of the journal, with contributions variously concerned with Arctic Indigenous communities, the Métis of Canada, Native Hawaiians and Māori of Aotearoa (New Zealand). Two articles stress the need to work collaboratively and respectfully with Indigenous populations whilst conducting research. The first, by Gwen Healey, notes the increased interest in health research in the Arctic, particularly with Inuit populations. Healy seeks to add to the growing body of literature concerned with Indigenous ways of knowing by highlighting Inuit concepts that inform an effective Arctic research model. The second, by primary author Peter Hutchinson and a range of co-contributors, highlights the ways in which Métis collaborators working in health developed a participatory Indigenous research method that was unique in that it foregrounded Métis relationships and relationality. In so doing, the researchers were able to give substance to otherwise staid policy statements about the need for good ethical research conduct.
Indigenous Nations’ Rights in the Balance
Authors: Burns Marcelle
Published: August 2018

The United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) received a mixed reception. Some commentators viewed it as setting important normative standards for the recognition of Indigenous human rights within the international law framework, whilst others have been critical of the declaration for unduly limiting the nature and scope of Indigenous rights (Anaya 2004; Churchill 2011; Davis 2008; Moreton-Robinson 2011; Pitty 2001; Watson and Venne 2012). Indigenous Nations’ Rights in the Balance: An Analysis of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by Charmaine White Face (2013) makes an important contribution to this debate by methodically charting the key changes made during the passage of the declaration through the United Nations process and highlighting the significance of these changes for the recognition and realisation of Indigenous rights.
Whitefellas at the Margins
Authors: Barrow Emma , Judd Barry
Published: August 2018

Within the context of the Australian higher education sector and the organisational interactions facilitated by a university, the politics of Anglo-Australian identity continues to limit the ability of ‘whitefella’ Australians to engage with Indigenous people in a way that might be said to be truly ethical and self-transformative. Instead, the identity politics of Anglo-Australia, a politics that originates in the old colonial stories of the 19th century, continues to function in a way that marginalises those individuals who choose to engage in a way that goes beyond the organisational rhetoric of government and civil institutions in promoting causes such as reconciliation and ‘closing the gap’. The history of Australian colonialism teaches us that, when a deep and productive engagement between settler and native has occurred, the stability of Anglo-Australian identity is destabilised as the colonial establishment is reminded of Indigenous dispossession and the moral and legal legitimacy of the contemporary Australian state become subject to problematic questions that arise from this fact of Australian history. Framing the contemporary context of change and resistance, the authors discuss the importance of inclusive institutional practice, in the quest for a democratic modelling that points to a pathway for a truer recognition, acceptance and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the ‘mainstream’ of Australian university life.
Indigenous Sovereignty and the Being of the Occupier
Authors: Nicoll Fiona
Published: August 2018

The significance of this publication can be appreciated with reference to two recent moments in Australian public life. The first is Australian Attorney-General George Brandis’ signalling a shift in foreign policy by stating that “no Australian government of either political persuasion ‘acknowledges or accepts’ the use of the word occupied in relation to Palestine” (Australian Associated Press 2014). This semantic reorientation was endorsed by Prime Minister Tony Abbott, who described the longstanding conflict between Palestine and Israel as pertaining to ‘disputed’ territories, rather than as a matter of ‘occupation’ (Hurst 2014). The second moment was during Q&A, a live panel show screened by the national broadcaster, when a senior Indigenous leader from Utopia, Rosalie Kunoth Monks (2014), criticised not only the failures, but also the flawed premise of the federal government’s ‘intervention’ into remote Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory. After explaining the importance of her language and her resistance to historical and current attempts to assimilate Indigenous people to better serve the nation’s cultural and economic ‘development’, she said very slowly and clearly to camera: “I am not the problem.”
Editorial
Authors: Moreton-Robinson Aileen , McMillan Mark , Singh David
Published: August 2018

This edition includes a diverse range of contributions that collectively illustrate two elevated concerns of critical Indigenous studies: First, an interest in establishing ways and means of conducting ethical research with Indigenous communities; and second, critically engaging with constructions of Indigeneity. The first article, by Craig Sinclair, Peter Keelan, Samuel Stokes, Annette Stokes and Christine Jefferies-Stokes, examines the increasingly popular use of participatory video (PV) as a means of engagement, in this case with children in remote Aboriginal communities as participants in health research. The authors note that, whilst not without methodological disadvantages, the PV method, with its flexibility to respond to community priorities is particularly well suited to research with remote Aboriginal communities.
“One Side Celebrates and the Other Side is Grieving”
Authors: Brantmeier Noorie K
Published: August 2018

Currently, few studies examine the learning and unlearning that takes place in Native American and Indigenous Studies (NAIS) courses with non-Native and predominately white undergraduate college students in the United States (US). Due to the unique history, political status, Native nationhood, and sovereignty of the United States’ Indigenous Americans, there are unique issues associated with Native American studies content that differs from other diversity-focused courses. For many US-based college students, the opportunity to openly explore the historical and contemporary experiences of groups that are culturally and linguistically different from their own home culture often occurs when taking college courses (Chang 2002). The purpose of the current study was to understand how taking NAIS courses influences undergraduate college students’ attitudes towards Indigenous people, their history, and contemporary experiences. This qualitative analysis focuses on NAIS courses as the site of inquiry and is part of a larger mixed methods research study.
deconstruction exercise
Authors: Sjorberg David , McDermott Dennis
Published: August 2018

The ‘deconstruction exercise’ aims to give non-Indigenous health profession students the ability to recognise language that is imbued with power imbalance, so as to avoid the perpetuation of racialised ways of interacting with Indigenous peoples in the health system. Informed by Ngarrindjeri and Malak Malak perspectives, this is a measured anti–racism strategy, one able to address unexamined, racist language in a manner that avoids the emotive or combative nature of unstructured discussions around the impacts of racism. ISSN: ISSN 1837-0144 © International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 29 We argue that once a health care professional is able to exhibit decolonised language, together with a re-orientation towards decolonised practice, a door opens; one vital for the development of a more-effective, culturally-safe practitioner. In an academic setting, this ‘Ngarrindjeri way’ has shaped the deconstruction exercise, which ensures that students are ‘having the hard conversations’ in a pragmatic manner that challenges ‘whiteness’, whilst honouring each student’s dignity, on a learning journey that is informed by Indigenous methodologies.
Vision led = vision fed
Authors: Martin Karen L
Published: August 2018

As the National Indigenous Knowledges and Research Network (NIRAKN) reaches its completion as an entity in 2016, this paper takes up the invitation to its members to write about the key learnings, benefits and challenges experienced as a member of NIRAKN’s Indigenous Sociology, Indigenous Knowledge and Technology node. The author discusses the role of NIRAKN in progressing the scholarship of Aboriginal early childhood education through its collaborative research program, raising the bar regarding Aboriginal knowledges in higher education through its network connections and aspects for holding ground in Aboriginal research capacity building, particularly in the area of qualitative research methodologies. These discussions serve to highlight that, as the NIRAKN model has been led by a strong vision, it has fed change and achieved its visions.
Mapping the journey of an Aboriginal research academic
Authors: Bainbridge Roxanne
Published: August 2018

Most universities implement academic, professional development opportunities to enhance knowledge, practice appropriately to their environments and support the career progression of staff. These opportunities, however, do not cater for the specific professional development needs of Aboriginal research academics. The aim of this paper is to map the professional journey of an Aboriginal research academic during the time of her participation in the National Indigenous Researchers and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN) 2012 to 2016. The author uses an autoethnographic approach to examine what worked for her, under what conditions, through what strategies and with what consequences in her development as an Aboriginal research leader. The author suggests that the unique ‘Indigenous space’ and Aboriginal mentorship provided by NIRAKN was critical in her successful transition to a research leadership position.
Skypeography. Investigating and mapping the public mind space of urbaness
Authors: McCormick Maggie
Published: August 2018

‘Skypeography: investigating and mapping the public mind space of urbaness’ is an overview of the public space of Skype. This article discusses how mediation by screens is creating new urban concepts across an emerging new spatial geography and its new sociologies and cartographies. It begins by tracing an overview from perceptions of ‘city’ to experiences of ‘urbaness’ and explores the role of screens in creating a mobile state of being and a conceptualization of urban public space as transient and paradoxical mind space. The paper argues that an appropriate urban lexicon or cartographic recording is yet to be developed in relation to the public space of screens. In an increasingly visualized world, art practice has a significant role to play in exploring and mapping urban transience, movement, rhythm and paradox that forms a state of ‘urbaness’. This article explores the concept of ‘Skypeography’ through the methods and aesthetics of artistic screen research practice undertaken in the fluid space of the SkypeLab research project. Key to the research is the project to identify 100 Questions emerging out of the practice of SkypeLab. Through its experimental approach in digital space, SkypeLab poses and exposes questions arising out of the practice, about urban space itself. Through both answers and questions, SkypeLab and its ‘Skypeography’ method contribute valuable knowledge towards an understanding of new conceptual territory within a profoundly changing urbanscape.
Application to Occupy
Authors: Leone Grace
Published: August 2018

Urban Animators: Living Laboratory (UA:LL) was a public art research project that actively engaged with the RMIT University  New Academic Street capital works project, undertaken at the Melbourne city campus from 2015-2017. The construction site and the surrounding campus were envisaged as a living laboratory encouraging research that engaged with the internal infrastructure, process and community of RMIT University.As curator of the UA:LL public art program I created a framework that encouraged collaboration, provocation, solidarity and exchange amongst RMIT University students, staff and alumni.  This was achieved through the process of open expression of interests, learning and teaching, invited artists and industry research partnerships all resulting in public artworks embedded in the construction zone. The artistic installations included public artworks on construction hoardings and projections within the constriction zone that positively activated the site condition and helped mitigate the disruption occurring on the campus.As a curator, artist and designer I proposed a spatial curatorial proposition to the city via a public art installation titled ‘Gantry Section D’ as part of the UA:LL program. ‘Gantry Section D’ was the result of an intensive period of practice based investigation into the condition created when a city is undergoing transformation.
Public Space in the New Urban Agenda. The Challenge of Implementation
Authors: Elmlund Peter , Haas Tigran , Mehaffy Michael
Published: August 2018

The New Urban Agenda – the landmark 2016 agreement for sustainable urban development that has now been adopted by consensus by 193 nations – contains no fewer than nine paragraphs extensively discussing the importance of public space.  Among other things, the document describes public spaces as “drivers of social and economic development,” “enhancing safety and security, favoring social and inter-generational interaction and the appreciation of diversity” and “promoting walkability and cycling towards improving health and well-being.” There is also language on the role of public space in enhancing ecological sustainability and resilience, on equity and opportunity, on connectivity and social inclusion, on cultural expression and dialogue, and on broader human development (United Nations, 2017).
We the people, We the public space. An interactive exhibition at the 9th World Urban Forum
Authors: Bravo Luisa , Francia Valerio
Published: August 2018

At the Ninth session of the World Urban Forum, convened by UN-Habitat, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, held on 7-13 February 2018 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, City Space Architecture was selected to be part of the event as an exhibitor: it was included in the exhibition area, held at the main venue of the Forum, the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, besides the Petronas Towers, as the only Italian exhibitor, together with 200 selected exhibitors from 50 countries.The exhibition space hosted the exhibition ‘We the people, We the public space’: recalling the well-known United Nations’ campaign ‘We the people’ for the Global Goals[1] launched in 2015, the exhibition was intended to stress the concept that people and public space, intended as the space for democracy, social justice and equity, are strongly intertwined, so that talking about people is the same thing as talking about public space. The UN commitment ‘Leaving no one behind’[2] (United Nations, 2016 and 2017) for inclusive development is strictly related to people and therefore to public space: it is a demand for country leaders to prioritise the needs of those most marginalised and disadvantaged, facing poverty and discrimination, so that the goals for sustainable development are delivered by 2030[3].
 
[1] https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/09/we-the-people-for-the-global-goals/
[2] https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2016/leaving-no-one-behind
[3] https://action4sd.org/leavenoonebehind/
La primera etapa del Salón de los Espejos y las intervenciones de Carbonel y Velázquez (1639-1648)
Authors: Cruz Yábar Juan María
Published: August 2018

Recuperamos el decisivo papel de Alonso Carbonel en el diseño del Salón de los Espejos del Alcázar, cuya decoración dirigió entre 1639 y 1642. A él se debió la disposición de suelo y paramentos, la presencia de seis bufetes iguales y, sobre todo, de los ocho espejos adornados por águilas de bronce, empresas de Júpiter y cogollos de latón, estos también en los marcos de pinturas. Ampliamos y analizamos la documentación conocida, relativa a las labores del fundidor Pedro de la Sota y demás artífices, así como a la reforma de las águilas dirigida por Velázquez desde mitad de 1646 hasta fines de 1648, en que marchó a Italia.
Pedro Morandé Court, América Latina: identidad y futuro
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: August 2018

Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp. 93-94
A propósito de CAÍN
Authors: Chopín Juan
Published: August 2018

J. Saramago, Caín, Santillana Ediciones Generales, México 2009.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.97-98
Isolated and combined effects of soil salinity and waterlogging in seedlings of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut
Authors: Medeiros Wiliana Júlia Ferreira de , Oliveira Francisco Ítalo Fernandes de , Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa de , Sousa Carlos Henrique Carvalho de , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Silva Alexandre Reuber Almeida da , Ferreira Jorge Freire Da Silva
Published: August 2018

Soil salinization is a problem commonly found in semi-arid regions. In addition, the problem of salinity is aggravated in clayey soils when accompanied by cycles of waterlogging in the rainy season or when excess irrigation is applied. In this work we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of soil salinity and waterlogging on the responses of young plants of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut. The experiment was conducted under controlled environment in a complete randomized block design, arranged in split plots with five replications. The plots comprised five waterlogging cycles (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4), each with a duration of four days, and applied at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days into the experimental period, with the sub-plots consisting of five levels of soil salinity (1.70, 11.07, 16.44, 22.14 and 25.20 dS m-1). Response of coconut seedlings to waterlogging was dependent on the level of soil salinity, with waterlogging significantly impairing biomass accumulation and leaf expansion at low soil salinity levels, but causing no additional harm at elevated salinity. Leaf gas exchange was reduced mainly due to soil salinity, and this response was related to stomatal and non-stomatal effects. Seedlings of ‘Green Dwarf’ coconut used in this study were classified as moderately-tolerant to salinity when grown in soils with an electrical conductivity up to 11.07 dS m-1, having the potential to be used in revegetation programs of salt-affected areas, provided that these areas are not exposed to frequent waterlogging cycles.
Cold tolerance of forage plant species
Authors: Manetti Filho João , Oliveira Carolina Maria Gaspar de , Caramori Paulo Henrique , Nagashima Getulio Takashi , Hernandez Fernando Braz Tangerino
Published: August 2018

The occurrence of frost in southern and southeastern Brazil affects pasture quality and limits the use of forage species with high yield potential. Therefore, elucidating the cold tolerance of individual forage species could facilitate the selection of species that will optimize production and animal feeding throughout the year. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cold tolerance of forage species to low temperatures, based on cell membrane stability and photoinhibition. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), black oat (Avena strigosa), marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus), and bermuda grass ‘Tifton 85’ (Cynodon spp) plants were subjected to temperatures of 0.2, -0.9, -1.8, -2.7, -4.1, -4.6, and -6.2 °C for 1 h in a growth chamber. Cell membrane stability and photoinhibition were based on the electrical conductivity of leaf section solutions and chlorophyll fluorescence, respectively. Initial cold damage corresponded to a sudden increase in leaf solution conductivity and decrease in fluorescence. Millet and sorghum were able to tolerate exposure to temperatures as low as -2.7 °C, whereas black oat, marandu grass, alfafa, and mombaça grass were able to tolerate exposure to -4.1 °C, and bermuda grass ‘Tifton 85’ was able to withstand temperatures below -6.2 °C.
Color parameters applied to pedotransfer functions in the estimation of soil attributes
Authors: Cruz Nara Núbia de Lima , Barbosa Ronny Sobreira , Moura Marcio Cleto Soares de , Teixeira Daniel De Bortoli , Marques Júnior José , Silva João De Deus Ferreira e
Published: August 2018

Global demands for an increased food production have prompted scientists to create technological innovations in various segments of the agricultural and environmental sectors. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soil color determination to estimate its attributes is an example of these advances. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify the potential of the three parameters of the Munsell color system (Hue, Value, and Chroma) in estimating different chemical and particle size attributes by pedotransfer functions in a Typic Hapludox in the Cerrado of Piauí State, Brazil. This soil showed a yellowish color due to the goethite and low contents of bases and organic carbon. Among the calibrated pedotransfer functions, we observed that phosphorus, aluminum, hydrogen, potential acidity, potential cation exchange capacity, and base saturation could be estimated by Hue, while clay content by Value, and Chroma used to estimate hydrogen, potential acidity, and cation exchange capacity. We conclude that the parameter color could be used to estimate soil attributes.
Use of a colloid to optimize centrifugation in the selection of bovine sperm for IVF
Authors: Gonçalves Cibele Garcia Moreira , Leivas Fábio Gallas , Missio Daniele , Santos Francielli Weber , Schwengber Eduardo Brum , Folchini Natalia Picoli , Pavin Cecilia Urquiza Machado , Brum Daniela Dos Santos
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the force and duration of centrifugation and the impact of cushioned centrifugation on sperm selection by Percoll gradient, on sperm quality and development kinetics of in vitro produced bovine embryos. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment I, a pool of semen was selected by Percoll gradients and the pellet was divided into four groups and distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial, with two forces (2200 × g or 9000 × g) and two durations (1 min or 3 min) of centrifugation. In Experiment II, semen was divided into two groups and selected by Percoll gradient with Cushion Fluid (CF) or without CF (Control) in the second centrifugation. The morphofunctionality, biochemical characteristics and fertilizing capacity of the selected sperms were evaluated. In addition, the development of the resulting bovine embryos was monitored for 48 h post-insemination. Duncan and Chi-square tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare the means. In Experiment I, there was a significant increase in sperm vigor (P < 0.05) after sperm selection in all treatments. The force and duration of centrifugation did not have any effect on sperm motility, vigor, and recovery rate among the different treatments (P > 0.05). In Experiment II, the recovery rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in semen were similar among treatments (P > 0.05) although a higher ROS production was observed in the CF fertilization medium. Total fertilization rate was superior in the CF group (65.4 ± 5.3%) compared to that in Control (39.6 ± 4.9%). However, the normal fertilization and cleavage rate did not differ between the Control (94 ± 6.3% and 58.3 ± 8.3%) and CF (89 ± 7.1% and 75.0 ± 7.3%) groups. The reduction in the force and duration of centrifugation did not decrease the sperm recovery during selection by the Percoll gradient and the use of CF in the second centrifugation did not affect the normal fertilization and development of bovine IVF embryos up to 48 h.
Performance and digestive characteristics in dairy cattle maintained under grazing regime and supplemented with linseed
Authors: Cardoso Christopher Junior Tavares , Lima Ana Caroline Bini de , Nogueira Ériklis , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Morais de , Melo-Sterza Fabiana De Andrade
Published: August 2018

Linseed is characterized by the rich unsaturated fatty acids and slow release of oil in the rumen. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the intake, rumen degradability, and digestibility of dairy cattle maintained under grazing regime and supplemented with linseed. Twelve Girolando (¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir) cows with a mean age of 5.2 ± 1.9 years and body weight of 583.9 ± 67.6 kg were used. The cows were maintained in a rotational grazing system on the mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and divided into 2 experimental groups. The CONTR (n = 6) group received only the base diet (pasture) and the LINS group (n = 6) received pasture plus linseed. Initially, a fifteen-day adaptation period was established to stabilize the desired consumption amount. After this period, the animals received 800 g of linseed for 126 d. The ruminal degradability was evaluated using 2 males with a cannula in the rumen, and they were provided the same experimental diet. The measured dry matter production of pasture did not show differences during the experimental period. The intake of crude protein and ethereal extract was higher, whereas neutral detergent fiber content was lower in the cows supplemented with linseed. However, this did not alter the weight gain and digestibility coefficients, except the digestibility coefficient of the ethereal extract. At the ruminal level, linseed showed low effective and potential degradability with negative effect on grass degradability.
Significado da supervisão acadêmica de estágio na formação profissional do assistente social
Authors: Marques de Menezes Amicucci Eliane , Hilário da Silva Oliveira Cirlene Aparecida
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo, a supervisão acadêmica de estágio em Serviço Social constitui objeto de reflexão. Essa modalidade de supervisão de estágio contribui no processo de formação profissional do estudante, no seu processo de ensino-aprendizagemofertando à análise crítica do trabalho profissional em sua totalidade, permitindo-o construir e reconstruir conhecimentos através do seu objeto de intervenção e dos fundamentos das dimensões teórico-metodológicas, ético-políticas e técnico-operativas da profissão. Trata-se de (re)pensar a supervisão acadêmica a partir de revisão de literatura sobre o tema, embasando teoricamente em legislações vigentes sobre estágio e supervisão em Serviço Social e orientações político-pedagógicas da Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social (ABEPSS) através da Política Nacional de Estágio(PNE) de 2010. Bem como, em autores que discutem sobre a temática supervisão de estágio,objetivando tratar a supervisão acadêmica de estágio para além de uma atividade sistemática, mas, principalmente do seu significado na formação profissional dos futuros assistentes sociais. A revisão de literatura permitiu identificar, principalmente que a supervisão acadêmica é a síntese da atividade de estágio e mediação para a formação do conjunto de competências e habilidades teórico-metodológicas, ético-políticas e técnico-operativas dos estudantes de Serviço Social.
Reflexões sobre o componente ideopolítico do trabalho profissional do assistente social
Authors: Gonçalves Pereira de Paula Luciana
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo apresenta reflexões acerca do componente ideopolítico do Serviço Social – considerando-o inerente ao trabalho profissional do/a assistente social. Destaca, sob a forma de eixos analíticos, algumas considerações que agrupam certos equívocos frequentes em meio a este debate, como: a confusão entre prática profissional e militância política; a consideração de uma prática profissional supostamente apolítica; a identificação do componente ideopolítico enquanto prática profissional crítica; e a percepção deste componente enquanto práxis revolucionária. Posteriormente, aponta algumas questões significativas para uma compreensão mais aprofundada em relação ao componente ideopolítico do Serviço Social: a origem desse componente; o Serviço Social como produto e produtor das relações sociais; os desafios apresentados pela realidade contemporânea à construção de uma intervenção profissional crítica; e as possibilidades para a sintonia com os interesses históricos da classe trabalhadora. Este mergulho reflexivo tem por objetivo subsidiar a construção de intervenções profissionais sustentadas em aportes teórico-metodológicos afinados com o projeto ético-político em hegemonia no Serviço Social, buscando ao atendimento dos reais interesses dos sujeitos com os quais o/a assistente social trabalha.
The Teach-to-the-Test Approach: A Curse a Blessing or a Blessing in Disguise for Algerian EFL Students
Authors: Benmoussat Nabil Djawad , Benmoussat Smail
Published: August 2018

The present paper is an attempt to redraw the boundaries of EFL from a teaching-testing perspective. Though the crux of the problem in language teaching has always been the general principles underpinning the methodologies, the ‘what-to-teach’ and the ‘what-to-test’ questions have always been a concern for most stakeholders. Parents would most probably argue about what is best to be taught to their children as well as about the most appropriate and effective learning path leading to their offspring success, whereas the others, not least, teachers, strive to cope with a delicate intertwined questioning of how to strike the balance between an effective teaching and an efficient testing. However, this thorny issue, so to speak, is not a new one. The relationship between teaching and testing has called into question the communicative abilities of Algerian EFL learners. To score high, through a test-oriented teaching in an EFL exam does not necessarily mean to speak fluently and to write accurately the English language. EFL learners in public schools are in most need of a well-rounded education.
Classroom Goal Structure and Students’ Achievement Goal: A Study of Intrinsic Motivation of Secondary School Students in Nagaland
Authors: Chophy Vinika
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research was to explore the mediating effects of promoting interaction between classroom goal structure and students’ intrinsic motivation. A conceptual model of the three variables was developed and tested using mediation analysis. Participants included 60 students of age group 12-14 of 8th grade of a private Higher Secondary School. The result of this study revealed that classroom environment affects the perception of the students about their achievement related behavior and outcomes. This further influences the intrinsic motivation of the students. However, the effect of classroom context on students’ motivation is not always mediated through promoting interaction. The findings of the present study do not support the results and suggestions of the previous researchers. Finding suggests that there is a need for a rigorous and systematic investigation on the link between classroom goal structure and students’ intrinsic motivation by identifying a mediating variable. Also, it may be mentioned that there is a need for taking into consideration both the teachers’ classroom and personal goal orientations that affect students’ perceptions as this may further influence their learning.
A Field Survey on Social Responsibility Practices Carried Out by Textile Companies in Turkey Within the Scope of Sustainable Development
Authors: Uysal Fatma Fusun , Demir Askeroglu Emel , Berkhan Kastaci Bilge
Published: August 2018

Sustainable development is a process of change that involves institutional restructuring related with directing investments, positioning technological development and meeting the future needs as much as today’s needs. The application of environmental social responsibility studies is useful for any size of textile company. A primary concern for textile companies is the amount of water used in their processes. They generate large volumes of solid and hazardous wastes. Energy is the motor behind textile processes. Energy costs used in processes are important for especially large textile companies. While institutions are producing with social responsibility awareness, fulfilling their obligations to environment has gained importance in terms of sustainable development. The subject of this work introduces activities carried out by textile companies during production process, fulfilling their environmental responsibilities or not and which applications are done in the sector. Following the literature survey, a questionnaire study was conducted on textile firms operating in Turkey. From our research, it is concluded that some emerging technologies like enzymatic treatment in textile wet processing, ultrasonic treatment, electron-beam treatment, use of supercritical carbon dioxide in dyeing, electrochemical dyeing, ink-jet printing, plasma technology in textile wet processing are not used by any of companies.