bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egg quality depending on the diet with different sources of protein and age of the hens
Authors: Kowalska Emilia , Kucharska-Gaca Joanna , Kuźniacka Joanna , Lewko Lidia , Gornowicz Ewa , Biesek Jakub , Adamski Marek
Published: January 2021

Due to the planned limitations in the use of genetically modified soybean meal, the search for alternative sources of protein in animal nutrition is ongoing, which also supports the consumers’ expectations of good quality products, such as eggs. The aim of the study was to assess and compare morphological traits of eggs, fatty acid composition in yolk lipids, and the content and activity of lysozyme in thick and thin albumen in eggs from hens fed a diet based on legume seeds as a substitute for soybean meal depending on the hens age. Analyses were carried out for 300 eggs on dates I–V (19–39 weeks age of hens), obtained from Rosa 1 hens managed in the semi-intensive system. Quality analysis was performed for 30 eggs from each group at a time. The control group of hens (A) was fed a diet based on soybean meal (SBM) and the treatment group (B) was fed a diet based on seeds from narrow-leaved lupin (Boruta), yellow lupin (Mister), and pea (Muza). Eggs were analysed for morphological traits (egg weight, the weight and density of egg components, egg shape index and egg surface area), parameters of albumen (height, Haugh units), yolk colour (La Roche, colorimetry in the CIE Lab system), lysozyme content and activity in albumen, and fatty acids composition in yolk lipids. In group B the egg shape index was higher (p = 0.002), and the eggshell colour index was lower (p = 0.007), as well as the height of thick albumen, Haugh score, and yolk colour (La Roche) were higher in group B (p < 0.05), while redness of yolk was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in group A. Lower content of C15:0 and C18:1n9 and higher content of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3, (p < 0.05), as well as lower content of MUFA and OMEGA 9, but higher content of PUFA, OMEGA 3, OMEGA 6, PUFA/SFA, OMEGA 9/6 and OMEGA 9/3 were found in group B compared to group A (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in traits between age of hens (p < 0.05). Egg weight, yolk weight and its proportion in egg, as well as shell weight, its strength and thickness increased with the age of hens (p < 0.05). The content of lysozyme and its activity were also higher in eggs from older hens (p < 0.05). Fatty acids composition was beneficial at the beginning and end of the analysed egg production period. The proposed feed mixture based on legume seeds had no negative effect on the quality of eggs, and had a positive effect on yolk colour, the quality of albumen. There was no detrimental effect of diet and age of hens on fatty acid composition of eggs from both groups throughout the study period. To sum up, diet with legume seeds could be accepted as a substitute for soybean meal, due to the beneficial effects for some mentioned traits of eggs. Use of legumes could give a partial self-sufficient for producers from small farms, where is not possible to produce soybean meal. At the same time, the level of anti-nutrients in legumes should be considered.
Cancer theranostic platforms based on injectable polymer hydrogels
Authors: Wang Feifei , Chen Jingsi , Liu Jifang , Zeng Hongbo
Published: January 2021

The design of injectable polymer hydrogels for cancer theranostics is described, particularly focusing on the elements/components of theranostic hydrogels, and their cross–linking strategies, structures, and performance on drug delivery/tracking.
Recent advances in perovskite oxides as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Cao Yang , Liang Jie , Li Xue , Yue Luchao , Liu Qian , Lu Siyu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hu Jianming , Luo Yonglan , Sun Xuping
Published: January 2021

This review summaries recent progress of perovskite oxides toward supercapacitor applications. Optimization strategies are also discussed.
Precise identification of an RNA methyltransferase's substrate modification site
Authors: Xiang Siying , Gao Minsong , Cao Jie , Shu Xiao , Cheng Mohan , Wang Fengqin , Deng Ting , Liu Jianzhao
Published: January 2021

A simple and nonradioactive method to probe the substrate modification site and structural preference of an RNA methyltransferase.
Strain-controlled electronic and magnetic properties of tVS2/hVS2 van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Jin Dan , Shi Meimei , Li Pan , Zhao Huiyan , Shen Man , Ma Fengxian , Tian Zhixue , Liu Ying
Published: January 2021

The ferromagnetic tVS2/hVS2 heterostructure is the ground state under normal conditions or biaxial strains. The tVS2/hVS2 heterostructure can be switched from a gapless semiconductor to a metal or a half-metal under biaxial or uniaxial strains.
Cation ordered Ni-rich layered cathode for ultra-long battery life
Authors: Kim Un-Hyuck , Park Geon-Tae , Conlin Patrick , Ashburn Nickolas , Cho Kyeongjae , Yu Young-Sang , Shapiro David A. , Maglia Filippo , Kim Sung-Jin , Lamp Peter , Yoon Chong S. , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: January 2021

The observed ultra-long battery life of 8000 cycles demonstrated by the Ni-rich compositionally graded NCM cathode stems mainly from the cation ordered structure.
Nanosurfacing Ti alloy by weak alkalinity-activated solid-state dewetting (AAD) and its biointerfacial enhancement effect
Authors: Song Xiaoxia , Liu Fuwei , Qiu Caijie , Coy Emerson , Liu Hui , Aperador Willian , Załęski Karol , Li Jiao Jiao , Song Wen , Lu Zufu , Pan Haobo , Kong Liang , Wang Guocheng
Published: January 2021

A weak alkalinity-activated solid-state dewetting (AAD) method is developed to produce quasi-periodic nanopimple-like titanium oxide on biomedical Ti6Al4V alloy. The nanostructures modulated the cross-talk between osteoblasts and macrophages.
Understanding the sigmatropic shifts of cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yltrimethylsilane in its Diels–Alder addition
Authors: Zhang Min , Liang Guangchao
Published: January 2021

Investigation on the dynamic processes of 1-(C5H5)Si(Me)3 in its Diels–Alder addition showed that Si(Me)3 migration is the dominant factor and hydrogen shifts are negligible.
Adsorption of azide-functionalized thiol linkers on zinc oxide surfaces
Authors: Atanasova Petia , Dou Maofeng , Kousik Shravan R. , Bill Joachim , Fyta Maria
Published: January 2021

Studying the interaction between organic molecules and metal oxide surfaces is key to the development and modification of organic–inorganic hybrids for application in heterogeneous catalysis, biomedical implants, and functional nanoporous matrices.
A dual colorimetric probe for rapid environmental monitoring of Hg2+ and As3+ using gold nanoparticles functionalized with d-penicillamine
Authors: Yoon Su-Jin , Nam Yun-Sik , Lee Yeonhee , Oh In Hwan , Lee Kang-Bong
Published: January 2021

A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric assay for the dual detection of Hg2+ and As3+ using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with d-penicillamine (DPL) was developed.
Biodegradable calcium carbonate/mesoporous silica/poly(lactic-glycolic acid) microspheres scaffolds with osteogenesis ability for bone regeneration
Authors: Xu Weikang , Zhao Ruifang , Wu Tingting , Li Guixiang , Wei Kun , Wang Liyan
Published: January 2021

Sintered microsphere-based scaffolds provide a porous structure and high-resolution spatial organization control, show great potential for bone regeneration, mainly from biodegradable biomaterials including poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
Nano-pump based on exothermic surface reactions
Authors: Eloul Shaltiel , Frenkel Daan
Published: January 2021

We present simulations indicating that it should be possible to construct a switchable nano-scale fluid pump, driven by exothermic surface reactions.
Phase mechanics of colloidal gels: osmotic pressure drives non-equilibrium phase separation
Authors: Johnson Lilian C. , Zia Roseanna N.
Published: January 2021

Negative osmotic pressure drives non-equilibrium phase separation of “reversible” colloidal gels subjected to weak external stress, manifesting as yield under fully intact network.
Interrelated interfacial issues between a Li7La3Zr2O12-based garnet electrolyte and Li anode in the solid-state lithium battery: a review
Authors: Yang Lijie , Lu Zaili , Qin Yuanxue , Wu Chen , Fu Chuankai , Gao Yunzhi , Liu Jun , Jiang Liang , Du Zhongyu , Xie Zengyang , Li Zhenquan , Kong Fandong , Yin Geping
Published: January 2021

The interrelated LLZO-BG/Li interfacial issues: the air instability of LLZO-BG and its instability with Li anode will induce the poor LLZO-BG/Li interfacial contact; the poor contact will accelerate the formation of Li dendrite.
Breaking symmetry: the asymmetries in epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Zion Emily , Chen Xin
Published: January 2021

Symmetry and asymmetry are the fundamental aspects of life. Most cells within a multicellular organism contain the same genetic information, passed on from one originating cell, the zygote; however, these cells can take on a variety of different identities, with diverse appearances and functions. A fundamental question in biology ponders how cells containing identical DNA content can take on different cell identities. Epigenetic mechanisms could be the symmetry-breaking factor, as they are able to change the gene expression in cells without changing the DNA sequence. While the process of duplication and segregation of DNA during cell division has been well studied, it is less understood how the epigenetic information is established and inherited in the cells within a multicellular organism. Studies of asymmetric stem cell division, where a stem cell division gives rise to a self-renewed stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell, provide a model to study how epigenetic information is maintained or changed to produce daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates. Here, we discuss the findings and ideas of how epigenetic information is maintained or changed during asymmetric cell division and the importance of this asymmetry in influencing cell fate.
A 12-week aerobic exercise intervention results in improved metabolic function and lower adipose tissue and ectopic fat in high-fat diet fed rats
Authors: Gopalan Venkatesh , Yaligar Jadegoud , Michael Navin , Kaur Kavita , Anantharaj Rengaraj , Verma Sanjay Kumar , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Le Giang Thi Thu , Goh Jorming , Velan S. Sendhil
Published: January 2021

Investigations of long-term exercise interventions in humans to reverse obesity is expensive and is hampered by poor compliance and confounders. In the present study, we investigated intrahepatic and muscle fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat pads, plasma metabolic profile and skeletal muscle inflammatory markers in response to 12-week aerobic exercise in an obese rodent model. Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n=20) were randomized to chow-fed control (Control, n=5), sedentary high-fat diet (HFD, n=5), chow-fed exercise (Exercise, n=5) and HFD-fed exercise (HFD+Exercise, n=5) groups. The exercise groups were subjected to 12 weeks of motorized treadmill running at a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min/day. Differences in post-intervention measures were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for baseline bodyweight and pre-intervention measures, where available. Post-hoc analyses were performed with Bonferroni correction. Plasma metabolic profile was worsened and fat pads, ectopic fat in muscle and liver and inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle were elevated in sedentary HFD-fed animals relative to chow-fed controls. HFD+Exercise animals had significantly lower leptin (P=0.0004), triglycerides (P=0.007), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P=0.065), intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs; P=0.003), intrahepatic lipids (IHLs; P<0.0001), body fat% (P=0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT; P<0.0001), visceral adipose (P<0.0001) and total fat mass (P<0.0001), relative to sedentary HFD-fed animals, despite only modestly lower bodyweight. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory markers Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were also reduced with aerobic exercise in skeletal muscle. Our results suggest that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training is effective in improving metabolic health, fat depots, ectopic fat and inflammation even against a high-fat dietary background.
XIST knockdown suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating miR-1264/WNT5A/β-catenin signaling in aneurysm
Authors: Zou Liang , Xia Peng-fei , Chen Lei , Hou Yan-yan
Published: January 2021

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been ascertained as vital modulators in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In this research, the function and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the evolution of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were assessed. Results showed that XIST expression was increased but miR-1264 expression level was reduced in the serum of AAA patients. XIST depletion impeded human aorta VSMCs (HA-VSMCs’) ability to proliferate and stimulate apoptosis, while repressing miR-1264 expression through an unmediated interaction. Additionally, the influence of XIST knockdown on apoptosis and proliferation could be rescued by an miR-1264 inhibitor. Subsequent molecular investigations indicated that WNT5A was miR-1264’s target, and XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-1264 to raise WNT5A expression. Further, an miR-1264 inhibitor stimulated the proliferation and suppressed the apoptosis of HA-VSMCs through the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, XIST impeded the apoptosis and stimulated the proliferation of HA-VSMCs via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway through miR-1264, demonstrating XIST’s underlying role in AAA.
Community-Based Hearing and Vision Screening in Schools in Low-Income Communities Using Mobile Health Technologies
Authors: Manus Michelle , van der Linde Jeannie , Kuper Hannah , Olinger Renate , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Globally, more than 50 million children have hearing or vision loss. Most of these sensory losses are identified late due to a lack of systematic screening, making treatment and rehabilitation less effective. Mobile health (mHealth), which is the use of smartphones or wireless devices in health care, can improve access to screening services. mHealth technologies allow lay health workers (LHWs) to provide hearing and vision screening in communities.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate a hearing and vision school screening program facilitated by LHWs using smartphone applications in a low-income community in South Africa.

Method

Three LHWs were trained to provide dual sensory screening using smartphone-based applications. The hearScreen app with calibrated headphones was used to conduct screening audiometry, and the Peek Acuity app was used for visual acuity screening. Schools were selected from low-income communities (Gauteng, South Africa), and children aged between 4 and 9 years received hearing and vision screening. Screening outcomes, associated variables, and program costs were evaluated.

Results

A total of 4,888 and 4,933 participants received hearing and vision screening, respectively. Overall, 1.6% of participants failed the hearing screening, and 3.6% failed visual acuity screening. Logistic regression showed that female participants were more likely to pass hearing screening (OR= 1.61, 95% CI [1.11, 2.54]), while older children were less likely to pass visual acuity screening (OR= 0.87, 95% CI [0.79, 0.96]). A third (32.5%) of referred cases followed up for air-conduction threshold audiometry, and one in four (25.1%) followed up for diagnostic vision testing. A high proportion of these cases were confirmed to have hearing (73.1%, 19/26) or vision loss (57.8%, 26/45).

Conclusions

mHealth technologies can enable LHWs to identify school-age children with hearing and/or vision loss in low-income communities. This approach allows for low-cost, scalable models for early detection of sensory losses that can affect academic performance.
Α dual‐hop equivalent structure of a generalised multi‐hop free‐space optics network
Authors: Androutsos Nikolaos A. , Nistazakis Hector E. , Sandalidis Harilaos G. , Leitgeb Erich , Tombras George S.
Published: January 2021

The performance of free‐space optics links strongly depends on scintillation effects caused by the atmospheric turbulence appearance. A widely adopted way to counterbalance the expected deterioration due to scintillation is to employ cooperative and multi‐hop arrangements. However, the use of multiple relays increases significantly the complexity of the mathematical models used to describe the overall performance of the system. Taking the latter into account, we approximate a generic multiple relay‐assisted free‐space optical configuration with a dual‐hop link in order to simplify the performance analysis. To this end, we provide new mathematical derivations for the evaluation of the outage probability and the average bit error rate by assuming typical turbulence models.
Analysis of refrigeration and heating efficiency of ground source heat pump
Authors: Wu Hao , Liu Wanfu , Qi Wuqin , Ma Shuo
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the efficiency of ground source heat pump(GSHP) used in refrigeration and heating, comparing it with air source heat pump (ASHP) by means of theoretical analysis and experiment. The results were as follows, the cooling efficiency of GSHP in summer is higher than that of heating in winter because of the heat is transferred from high temperature to low temperature during cooling in summer, which can be compared to heat pipe; By calculating the power consumption of pump and fan, it is found that theoretically GSHP unit and system have higher heating efficiency than ASHP; The experiment shows that the daily average COP of the unit and the system is 4.22-4.62 and 3.26-3.55, respectively, both the unit COP and system COP of GSHP is higher than that of ASHP, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Fault Characteristic Analysis of Single-Phase Grounding Fault in AC grid of Energy Router in Interacted and Interconnected Micro Grid
Authors: Sang Zi-xia , Fang Reng-cun , Lei He , Yang Dong-jun , Chen Zhu , Yan Jiong
Published: January 2021

The energy router composed of double active bridge (DAB) can interconnect multiple voltage level AC distribution network through DC lines to form AC/DC hybrid distribution network. The fault types of the system are diverse and the fault characteristics are complex. This paper studies the fault characteristics of the system in detail. The single-phase grounding fault of AC network side and single-phase grounding fault of AC valve side occurred in the system. This paper explored the impact of the AC side of the system after the above failure, and make a detailed comparative analysis. The results show that DAB can isolate the influence of AC side fault, and provide theoretical basis for the selection of grounding mode and the design of protection system for AC/DC hybrid distribution network.
Research on Influence of Stone Powder Content and Water-binder Ratio on Optimal Gradation of Manufactured Sand
Authors: Yi Cheng , Dong Zhang
Published: January 2021

The poor gradation of manufactured sand limits the application in concrete work. Hence, in order to study the influence of the gradation of manufactured sand on the performance of mortar, this paper removes the stone powder from the manufactured sand, increases the content of different sands based on the mid-value of gradation, mixes it with different proportions of stone powder and tests the expansion degree of mortar with the water-binder ratio of 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45 respectively. The test results show that the influence of the gradation of manufactured sand on the expansion degree of mortar depends on the stone powder content and water-binder ratio. When the stone powder content is less than 5%, the expansion degree of motor will be reduced with the gradation adjustment; if the stone powder content is more than 5%, the expansion degree of mortar will show different characteristics with the gradation adjustment under different water-binder conditions.
Control Scheme for Expressway Project Cost
Authors: Bin Liang , Wei Zhao
Published: January 2021

Project cost management is a comprehensive subject that integrates technology, economy and management into a whole, especially in the moment that the expressway develops so rapidly and the project cost keeps rising steadily, and it causes everyone to think deeply about how to accomplish project cost management. Thus, this paper briefly discusses a scheme for controlling the expressway project cost reasonably and effectively based on the actual situation of temporary expressway.
Collaborative protection of marine environment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Wei Xie
Published: January 2021

The quality of Marine ecological environment is one of the necessary conditions for building a world-class bay area. The ecological environment in the coastal waters of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is seriously polluted, it is urgently needed for three places to strengthen coordinated Marine ecological and environmental management. Under the guidance of outline development plan for the Greater Bay Area and with the goal of building a Marine ecological civilization in the Greater Bay Area, the coordination mechanism of administrative management and the standard system for Marine ecological environmental protection should be improved，land and sea overall planning should be used for Marine ecological environment protection.
Research on the coordinated development of tourism-urbanization-ecological environment——Taking Chongqing as an example
Authors: Qing Yang , Zhang Fengtai , Wu Jianfeng , Sun Changcheng , Yang Xingyu , Xiao Yuedong
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the comprehensive development levels of the three subsystems of Chongqing's tourism, urbanization and ecological environment from 2000 to 2017, and the temporal evolution characteristics of the coordinated development of the three. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive evaluation index of Chongqing's tourism industry system and urbanization system is on the rise; the comprehensive ecological environment index showed an upward trend before 2008, and fluctuated greatly after 2008. (2) The degree of coupling and coordination of the three systems in Chongqing City generally shows a transformational trend of maladjustment recession-intermediate transition-coordination improvement. In the future, Chongqing should continue to deepen institutional reforms and continue to develop new tourism markets; improve transportation, promote enterprise transformation and upgrading, implement policies for talent introduction; strengthen the construction of environmental protection talents and capital investment, and vigorously develop ecological industries
Applications of Financial Technology in Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Li Wei
Published: January 2021

Financial technology (Fintech), including a series of advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and block-chain, has been gradually applied to various industries after years of development and will become the major driver of the future financial industry. As one of the largest financial markets in the world, the traditional foreign exchange service industry is gradually entering the era of fintech, bringing new vitality to the foreign exchange market through advanced technology and improving the efficiency of foreign exchange management. However, while enjoying the opportunities brought by fintech to the foreign exchange field, practitioners in both fintech and the foreign exchange industry should also actively face the challenges and try to build a safe and efficient foreign exchange market environment.
The influence evaluation of municipal government Website in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region based on link analysis
Authors: Song Yanan , Liu Erli
Published: January 2021

This study uses Google chrome as a tool, combined with advanced search styles to retrieve related website links, and uses link analysis methods to comprehensively analyze the influence of 14 prefecture-level municipal government portals in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. At the same time, the analysis results are sorted by using the gray correlation analysis method through EXCEL. The evaluation results show that the relevance of the government portals of prefecture-level cities in Guangxi is generally between 0.7 and 0.9, and improvement strategies are proposed on this basis.
Exploration of underlying molecular mechanism ofLycii Cortexin Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Li Dongjun , Wang Denghui , Yan Shikai
Published: January 2021

Objective:To explore the potential molecular mechanism ofLycii Cortexin treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by virtue of network pharmacology and molecular docking method.Methods: Ingredients ofLycii Cortexwere collected from TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, and the corresponding targets and T2DM-related targets were obtained respectively from SwissTargetPrediction and GenCards databases. Venn diagram was applied to derive the potential active components and effect targets ofLycii Cortexin the treatment of T2DM. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed in the database of DAVID. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to produce the “core components-core targets” network. The molecular docking between core components and core targets was implemented through Autodock Vina.Results:Six core components and twelve core targets ofLycii Cortexin treating T2DM were identified. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis suggested the following signaling pathways and biological processes were involved in the treatment of T2DM byLycii Cortex: PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation, the positive regulation of cyclase activity, the positive regulation of genetic expression, and lipoprotein translocation. The binding results demonstrated a relatively high affinity between core components ofLycii Cortex, including kulactone, hederagenin, scopolin, etc., and core targets, containing IL6, PPARγ, TNF, and mTOR, indicating the efficacy ofLycii Cortexin treating T2DM.Conclusion:Lycii Cortexplays a role in the treatment of T2DM with its ingredients such as kulactone, linarin, hederagenin, and scopolin regulating glycometabolism, affecting cell apoptosis and weakening inflammatory response through targets like IL6, PPARγ, TNF, and mTOR.
Population and prevalence of hypertension in different regions of China
Authors: Jie Wang , Kun Yang , Wen Dong
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the Chinese population. The study analyzes the differences of hypertension in different regions in China from space, analyzes the influencing factors of the disease, and the spatial distribution of different populations. The data comes from CHARLS Harmonize. 22,310 interviewees were selected to respond effectively. Single-factor chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the factors affecting hypertension. BMI, urban and rural areas, jogging 1KM, smoking, drink, gender, education status, public medical insurance and hypertension chi-square test are significant, BMI (OR=1.193 95%CI 1.182~1.203), age (OR =1.049, 95%CI 1.045~1.053). There is a spatial difference in the prevalence of hypertension in China, which provides a spatial reference for the control and prevention of different regions, so as to better prevent and treat patients with hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, spatial difference, CHARLS data
A comparison of pathogenesis of Diabetes in China and the United States
Authors: Wen Hui
Published: January 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is a growing public health problem recent year. Diabetes has two main kinds: type 1 and type 2. Accumulating evidence suggests that genetic predisposition plays an important role in type 1 diabetes. This may be one reason that cause the difference between China and U.S. Within diabetes patients, more than 90% have type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in China and United States of America is quite different, with 11.6% and 13% in two countries, respectively. Two countries with completely different cultures and histories have such slight differences in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Based on this fact, this paper will introduce the pathogenesis of diabetes and how it differs between the two countries.
Directed evolution and immobilization of new lipase Lip 906
Authors: Dai Shuang , Liu Shan , Jeonyun Yun , Xiao Xiong , Deng Zujun , Li He
Published: January 2021

In this experimental study, a new lipase named Lip 906 was screened out from a metagenomic library in the laboratory. To improve the stability of the enzyme and develop and apply it as soon as possible, we adopted directed evolution and immobilization methods. A random mutation library was constructed by error-prone PCR and finally, a mutant lipase Lip 5-D with increased enzyme activity was screened out and immobilized. The activity of the mutant enzyme Lip 5-D was improved by 4 times compared with the wild-type lipase Lip 906. The optimal reaction temperature rose by 4 °C, and by 3 °C after immobilization. The optimal reaction pH increased from 7.8 to 7.5. Both temperature stability and pH stability were improved. The mutant enzyme Lip 5-D can maintain about 70% of the relative activity after incubation at 65 °C for 2 h, and it can keep 60% at pH 3-10. Error-prone PCR and immobilization improve the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme, and promote its development and application in many industries.
Study on the Exercise and Nutrition Intervention on Body Composition and Fitness of Female College Students with Invisible Obesity
Authors: Wei-wei Zhang , Ling Yu
Published: January 2021

To observe the effect of exercise intervention and nutrition health education on body composition and fitness of female college students with invisible obesity. 60 female college students with invisible obesity were randomly divided into three groups: control group, exercise intervention group and exercise + nutrition health education group. The control group had normal study and life; the exercise intervention group used aerobic exercise and resistance exercise to carry out collective exercise prescription exercise and individual contract exercise; the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group carried out nutrition health education on the basis of exercise intervention. Before the experiment, the three groups of female college students were homogenous (P > 0.05); after 16 weeks of the experiment, the body composition and fitness of the exercise intervention group and the exercise intervention + nutrition and health education group were significantly higher than that before the experiment, among which there were significant differences in BMI, BF%, VFI, vital capacity, 800m, sit forward flexion and sit up indexes (P < 0.05); after 8 weeks of training, the exercise intervention group was significantly higher than that before the experiment (P < 0.05) The BMI, BF% and VFI of the exercise intervention + nutrition health education group continued to decrease (P < 0.05). The combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of female college students with recessive obesity. The effect of combined intervention of nutrition and health education on the basis of exercise intervention is better than that of single exercise intervention, and it can promote students to form the concept of reasonable nutrition and exercise actively. It is suggested that the correct nutrition concept and active exercise of the recessive obese college students can reduce the body composition and improve the fitness level of the recessive obese female college students.
Analysis on the effect of the various factors on immunoglobulin G in goat colostrum
Authors: Shao Xiaoqing , Cheng Ming , Zhang Xiaoning , Wang Cunfang , Jiang Hua
Published: January 2021

The present study aimed to determinate the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in goat colostrum and the effected factors were discussed by single radial immunodiffusion. The results showed that the highest level of IgG was detected in the first day after partum, and decreased quickly over the length of the lactation period. No significant effect on IgG was seen with different ways of thawing and the different freezing time. IgG was almost completely lost at 85°C for 2 min. The maximum value of IgG was observed at pH 6.5, and it reduced significantly when the pressure was higher than 500MPa, and decreased with the increase of the concentrations of citric acid and Ca2+.
Research on the design of multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame composite building structure
Authors: Zhaona Chi
Published: January 2021

The composite of multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame, as an important design form in Chinese house construction, is widely used in the architectural design of houses. The multi-layer steel structure module and steel frame composite building structure are different from the traditional. This kind of building mechanism adopts the prefabricated type, which has the advantages of fast construction speed and few limiting factors, and plays a very important guiding role in modern building construction. Based on this, this article will analyze and compare the similarities and differences between steel structure modular buildings and traditional steel frame structures, and explore the design of multi-layer steel structure modules and steel frame composite building structures, hoping to be helpful to relevant people.
Research on Risk Assessment and Control for Urban Rainwater Resources Utilization
Authors: Li Qin , Chengxiang Ma , Junde Wang , Yanzhao Jin , Guangdong Yang
Published: January 2021

Strengthening risk management and control of urban rainwater resources utilization is the key to ensuring the sustainable and efficient use of urban rainwater resources. On the basis of comprehensive research on urban rainwater utilization, the definition and connotation of urban rainwater utilization emphasizing the attributes of resource utilization are proposed, and the definition and function model of urban rainwater utilization risk are established. Based on the whole process of the development and utilization of urban rainwater resources including external environment, urban natural and social characteristics, rainwater utilization engineering systems, and project operation management, the risk assessment index system for urban rainwater utilization and risk evaluation model by using Analytic Hierarchy Process are established, and a comprehensive risk assessment standard based on risk value and risk tolerance, as well as residual risk management and control theory and risk management methods are put forward. The results of research on risk assessment and control of rainwater resources utilization in Xifeng District of Qingyang City shows that the main risks of rainwater utilization in this district are as follows in order of severity: policies and regulations, economy developing level, maintenance costs, precipitation and natural eutrophication. Risk assessment shows that the risks are low and acceptable and thus can be reduced by strengthening daily monitoring and control.
Study on Calculation Method of Target Ecological Water Amount in Shortage Areas of Mintuo River Basin
Authors: Bing Tang , Bo Li , WenChao Wang
Published: January 2021

Ecological water replenishment is the part of ecological flow deducting the remaining local existing water that needs to be recharged by other water sources. It has become the basic basis for water resources development and utilization and water affairs coordination. Ecological flow is a complex concept with numerous calculation methods and obvious regional differences. In view of the characteristics of the Mintuo River Basin, especially the problem that the extensive economic development exceeds the environmental carrying capacity of the river, considering the lack of natural rainfall, this paper recommends a one-dimensional water quality simulation method that maintains environmental capacity. Taking Jingyan County as a representative, a case study was carried out. The river was divided into several sections according to the water function zoning, and the water quality of each section was simulated to determine the section and the total river water replenishment, and through compared with the traditional calculation method of water conservancy planning, the rationality and benefit of the period are analyzed.
Analysis on Impact of Land Use Change on Urban Waterlogging Caused by Floods
Authors: Liu Yanan , Zheng Maohui , Zhou Nianqing
Published: January 2021

In recent years, ultra-high-intensity rainfall at home and abroad has caused frequent urban waterlogging disasters, posing a severe threat to people’s lives, property and city’s safety. Based on the satellite image data of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone in different periods and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), this paper establishes a model of heavy rainfall under the underlying surface of a complex city, and analyses topographic features, different land use types, rainfall infiltration intensity and the characteristics of the drainage pipe network. The rainwater accumulation under different rainstorms and urbanization levels is simulated and analysed. The research results show that urban rainstorm accumulation is closely related to land use changes. With the increase of surface impermeability and rainfall intensity, the risk of waterlogging in the study area tends to increase: From 1994 to 2019, the construction area has increased from 2.5096km2 to 5.8662km2 in the study area. Compared with 1994, under the same rainfall conditions, the simulated flooding node and runoff coefficient in 2019 both increased significantly.
Research on Monitoring System of Building Slope Deformation Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Xinfa Yang , Qiong Liu
Published: January 2021

A building slope deformation monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology was studied in this paper. Through the powerful data acquisition, storage, calculation and analysis capabilities of new technologies such as sensors, cloud computing, big data communication and visualization, and a variety of monitoring data acquisition instruments, sensors, communication terminals, cloud platform and other software and hardware resources as the carrier, it can realize real-time online equipment, continuous data acquisition, real-time calculation, data analysis, emergency warning, and the whole process of deformation monitoring services. Our research solves the deficiency of traditional technical means and effectively improves the timeliness, reliability and information level of construction slope deformation monitoring.
Application of 3D laser scanning technology in engineering field
Authors: Hu Chang’an , Kong Linghui , Lv Fei
Published: January 2021

With the continuous progress of computer and laser measurement technology, non-contact measurement based on laser scanning technology has been more and more applied in the industrial production process. Since the 1990s, 3D laser scanning technology used as a new technology has been developed rapidly. The 3D laser scanning technology, also known as High Definition Surveying (HDS), was based on the principle of laser ranging. The technology on the surface of a measured object can record some features of large dense points, including 3d coordinates, reflectance and texture information, so as to rapidly reconstruct 3D models of a measured target and various map data such as the line, the surface and the body. Meanwhile, it is a revolutionary leap that the technology improves the traditional single point measurement to the surface measurement, and realizes the digital reconstruction of the objects. Especially, for some conditions such as contact measurement and complex component detection that cannot be measured, 3D laser scanning technology has a natural advantage in the field of industrial design and measurement .
Design and Application of Modular Transportation Status Monitoring System
Authors: Li Qingyu , Li Guofa , Wang Jili , Zhu Xiaocui , Zhang Shenggui , He Jialong , Chen Jinghao
Published: January 2021

In this paper, combined with the actual engineering, a modular transportation status monitoring system is designed, which can be used to measure environmental conditions such as vibration, inclination, temperature and humidity during the process of transportation. The system consists of a main control module, a storage module, a data acquisition module, a real-time clock module, a power management module and an alarm module. The design scheme has high development efficiency and strong practicability. The measurement device used in the experiment for environmental monitoring during transportation process performs well, and can be a typical application case of innovative practice teaching
Modeling and optimization of organic tandem photovoltaic solar cells using silver nanowires as electrode and interconnecting layer
Authors: Houiji Imen , Mahdouani Mounira , Raïssi Mahfoudh , Bourguiga Ramzi
Published: January 2021

Much research has been conducted to improve the performance of photovoltaic solar cells. Transparent conductive film and interconnection layers have a significant impact on the performance of photovoltaic cells. In this work, we analyze the experimental results obtained on tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells with simple inverted structures using silver nanowires AgNW as transparent conductive electrode (TE) and as interconnection layer (ICL) between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO. This type of contact leads to a strong ohmic contact in both sub-cells having P3HT: ICBA as the lower active layer and having PTB7: PC71BM (1: 1.5) as the upper active layer with a good complement of the absorption spectrum. To study the advantages of using AgNWs as an interconnection layer (PEDOT: PSS/AgNWs/ZnO) in tandem photovoltaic solar cells and as an anode and its impact on the performance of these organic cells, we have simulated the electrical characteristics obtained by these tandem organic photovoltaic cells using an equivalent circuit model. This model is based on a single diode model with five photovoltaic parameters. We therefore extracted all the physical parameters of the illuminated photovoltaic cell from its experimental characteristics (J–V), such as the diode saturation current density (J0), the series and shunt resistors (RS, RSh), the ideality factor (n) and the photogenerated current density (JPh). For this we have solved the analytical equations of the current density using Newton Raphson's method. The equations are derived from the single diode equivalent circuit proposed to simulate the measured current density as a function of the voltage of the manufactured tandem type organic solar cells. A good agreement was obtained between the theoretical model and the experimental electrical characteristics. This confirms that the use of AgNWs between PEDOT: PSS and ZnO as an interconnection layer in reverse geometry of these tandem devices, has improved the efficiency (PCE = 9.24%) and is proving to be an efficient recombination layer for tandem organic photovoltaic solar cells.
On the initial value problem for fractional Volterra integrodifferential equations with a Caputo–Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Huy , Tuan Nguyen Anh , O’Regan Donal , Tri Vo Viet
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a time-fractional integrodifferential equation with the Caputo–Fabrizio type derivative will be considered. The Banach fixed point theorem is the main tool used to extend the results of a recent paper of Tuan and Zhou [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 375 (2020) 112811]. In the case of a globally Lipschitz source terms, thanks to the Lp − Lq estimate method, we establish global in time well-posed results for mild solution. For the case of locally Lipschitz terms, we present existence and uniqueness results. Also, we show that our solution will blow up at a finite time. Finally, we present some numerical examples to illustrate the regularity and continuation of the solution based on the time variable.
Rückkehr zum Handballspiel nach einer Schulterverletzung
Authors: Asker Martin
Published: January 2021

Verletzt sich ein Handballer an der Schulter, möchte er schnell wieder zurück aufs Spielfeld. Doch das Risiko für Rückschläge und erneute Verletzungen ist wegen der hohen Belastung beim Werfen groß. Insbesondere beim Übergang vom Kraft- zum Wurftraining ist daher besondere Vorsicht geboten.
Steroide in der Infektionsmedizin
Authors: Spinner Christoph D. , Barton Jürgen , Biever Paul , Klein Matthias , Rieg Siegbert , Schneider Jochen , Thoden Jan , Wagner Dirk , Kern Winfried V.
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?

Steroide sollen bei der Sepsis/septischen Schock, der Tuberkulose und der Meningtitis weiterhin nur in bestimmten Fällen zum Einsatz kommen: Nämlich bei anders nicht stabilisierbarem Kreislaufversagen in der Sepsis, bei tuberkulöser Meningitis oder bei eitriger Meningitis durch Pneumokokken.

Der Einsatz von Steroiden bei eher später, hyperinflammatorischer Covid-19-Erkrankung kann die Sterblichkeit wesentlich senken, wobei die Effekte vor allem für sauerstoffpflichtige und intubiert beatmete Patienten signifikant sind, während Steroide bei Patienten ohne Sauerstoffpflichtigkeit keine signifikant mortalitätssenkende Effekte haben. Untersucht sind Dexamethason, Methylprednisolon und Hydrocortison, wobei die Evidenzlage für Dexamethason am besten ist.

Steroide kommen weiterhin beim Immunrekonstitutionssyndrom (IRIS) des erworbenen Immunschwächesyndroms (AIDS) durch HIV zum Einsatz.
Modification of Azobenzenes by Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Staubitz Anne , Walther Melanie , Kipke Waldemar , Schultzke Sven , Ghosh Souvik
Published: January 2021

Azobenzenes are among the most extensively used molecular switches for many different applications. The need to tailor them to the required task often requires further functionalization. Cross-coupling reactions are ideally suited for late-stage modifications. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the modification of azobenzene and its derivatives by cross-coupling reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Azobenzenes as Formally Electrophilic Components

2.1 Palladium Catalysis

2.2 Nickel Catalysis

2.3 Copper Catalysis

2.4 Cobalt Catalysis

3 Azobenzenes as Formally Nucleophilic Components

3.1 Palladium Catalysis

3.2 Copper Catalysis

3.3 C–H Activation Reactions

4 Azobenzenes as Ligands in Catalysts

5 Diazocines

5.1 Synthesis

5.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions

6 Conclusion