bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
City as Nation: Imagining and Practicing Addis Ababa as a Modern and National Space
Authors: Bonsa Gulema Shimelis
Published: August 2013

The nineteenth century in Ethiopia saw the shaping of a modern state and a modern nation. Addis Ababa, the country’s capital, served as the crucible for and signifier of this formative process, a critical space in and through which a modern state/nation was imagined, constituted, reinforced, and reflected. Ethiopia’s emerging urbanism, centered in the capital, was thus inextricably linked with its most important political “project” of the century—modernization and nation building. This quintessential city was the site of Ethiopia’s modernist “project” that included innovations in the spheres of politics, economy, education, and culture, which were in turn adopted, and in some cases adapted, in the rest of the country.

Nevertheless, the reinventing of Ethiopia as a modern state in the spaces of its capital, Addis Ababa, was a process that was pioneering but also exclusionary and contradictory. The fundamental fault lines of the project included the failure to reinvent the capital (or cities in general), and by extension the nation, as democratic, pluralistic, and inclusive spaces. The capital and the towns that eventually evolved after a century or so of urbanization were urban centers in tension, shaped more by the practices of ordinary residents than by the designs of architects and politicians.
Reading Literature and the Political Ecology of Gestures in the Age of Semiocapitalism
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: August 2013

This article presents the activity of reading literature as the inculcation of relational gestures (within the larger scope of the development of semiocapitalism) and the humanities as reflexive practices of interpretation. It calls for literary studies to be conceived within the emerging field of media archaeology as a form of gestural resistance to the algorithmic protocolization of our behaviors. A political ecology of gestures is needed in order to soften (and reorient) the various protocols which tend to rigidify our reactions. Literary studies and the humanities can bring a crucial contribution to such a political ecology of gestures.
Latin as an SDOV Language: The Evidence from Cicero
Authors: Eleric Charles
Published: August 2013

Both statistical and non-statistical analysis supports a claim that the Latin of Cicero is SDOV. Of 24 bitransitive strings from a representative sample, 21 show either the SDOV order or its common alternate SODV, or are principled departures from these orders, generally from SDOV. SDOV is the rule in clauses that are (1) discourse neutral, that (2) present special discourse challanges either because they involve gapped constituents or are expecially long, or that (3) have verbs of transfer that are lexically marked, e.g.
Zur Beziehung zwischen Kasus, Diathese und Referenz
Authors: Calboli Gualtiero
Published: August 2013

On part de la constatation qu'en latin l'emploi du r6flexif anaphorique (se,

(1) Κλέωι/j ούκ εφη αύτός; αλλ' εκείνοι^ [sc. Νικίοα/] στρατηγεί/ (Th.4,28)

S'il emploie l'anaphore, alors l'anaphore est ä l'accusatif:

(2) Κροίσος έι/όμισε έωυτόι/j eu>ai ά/θρώπωι/ άπάι/των όλβιώτατο^ (Her.1,34).

Comme le ddmonstre la phrase (1) le pronom peut se rdferer au sujet de la principale seulement s'il est au nominatif, s'il est ä l'accusatif, la r6f6rence du pronom est k un autre terme, comme il arrive avec έκεΐι/οι/ dans la phrase (1). Cela ddmontre, en s'accordant parfaitfement avec les logiciens et la thöorie du Binding de Chomsky, que l'accusatif dans la construction grecque et latine du Acl (Accusativus cum Infinitivo) ddnote une position transparente de laquelle vient exportd le terme en accusatif. Alors le cas accusatif dans la construction Acl indique simplement la position transparente qui va disparaitre lorsque l'on emploie le nominatif (Ncl) comme il arrive dans les phrases opaques oü l'on trouve l'INFLection:

(3) Pierre; pensait qu' ilj avait raison.
Latin syllable structure in typological perspective
Authors: Lehmann Christian
Published: August 2013

Three parameters are considered in the typology of Latin syllable structure: 1) phonotaxis of syllable structure; 2) correspondence of syllable structure with morpheme structure; 3) syllable structure processes. With respect to these parameters, Latin may be characterized as follows: 1) Latin allows moderate complexity of the onset, which, during its history, gets further reduced. Similarly, complexity of the nucleus is mostly reduced to a single short vowel. Latin allows relatively complex rhymes, which, however, get reduced in the language history; 2) Latin (as well as Romance languages) goes relatively far in blurring morphological boundaries, even left stem boundaries and, thus, word boundaries, by 'liaison'; 3. Latin phonology is relatively faithful to lexical representations. However, syllable structure is simplified, at the expense of the phonological manifestation of grammatical boundaries.
The Latin Third Declension in the Scope of Natural Morphology
Authors: Buzássyová Ludmila
Published: August 2013

(a) Within the methodological approach of Natural Morphology we evaluate the model of the 3rd declension built up on implicational relation among morphological properties as proposed for masculines and feminines of the 3
Old and new (un)certainties regarding the Lapis Satricanus
Authors: Lucchesi Elisa
Published: August 2013

After more than twenty-five years from the discovery of the
Facies equum currere : Sens et emploi de facere dans les textes vétérinaires latins
Authors: Gitton-Ripoll Valérie
Published: August 2013

Medical and veterinary texts use the verb
Les procédés de création lexicale mis en oeuvre par Lucrèce
Authors: Kircher-Durand Chantai
Published: August 2013

The hapax legomena substantives and adjectives created with a suffixal derivation by Lucretius are generally shaped according to the established derivational rules. From a cognitive point of view, these words corroborate that the two main activities of the human brain worked out in the natural languages are selection and association. Some less expected words allow us to point out an important parameter of the lexical creation : the pertinent features are set in a hierarchical frame. The remaining question is to know whether this hierarchy is inscribed in the system of each language or depends, entirely or partly, on the free speaker's choice.
The tense of speech indications in Vergil's Aeneid
Authors: Adema Suzanne
Published: August 2013

An analysis of the introductions and conclusions of all instances of direct speech in Virgil's
Subordination seconde du relatif. Contraintes d'emploi.
Authors: Bortolussi Bernard
Published: August 2013

The aim of this paper is to complete Maurel's (1989) analysis on the so-called Relative Verschränkung of the German grammars. I examine the differences between two types : a) relative clauses containing a bridge-verb introducing an Acl, an wz-clause or an indirect question b) relative clauses containing a second relative clause or another subordinate clause. I take into account the frequency of these two types, the constraints on the form and the position of the subordinate clause within the relative clause.
Inserción sintáctica y Función Semántica en construcciones de Dativos no 'posesivos' + sum
Authors: Cabrillana Concepción
Published: August 2013

The paper surveys a characterization of diverse constructions of Ju/n+Dative from different linguistic levels (Semantic, Syntactic and Pragmatic). Two fundamental questions are particularly dealt with: the syntactic insertion in the hierarchical structure of the clause and the possible SF of the Datives examined. The proposed solutions take into account: (i) the graduality affecting the presence of different Arguments in nuclear predication and (ii) the procedure of prototypicity in the SF suggested, especially in the case of Recipient/Beneficiary.
Middle Voice in Latin and the phenomenon of Split Intransitivity
Authors: Gianollo Chiara
Published: August 2013

The aim of this paper is to draw a sketch of the verbal voice system in Latin and possibly to shed more light on some controversial points (in particular, the status of deponent verbs (DVs)), by means of a comparison between middle voice (MV) and Split Intransitivity.
Functional verb constructions of the type adferre + accusative: synchronic and diachronic observations
Authors: Hoffmann Roland
Published: August 2013

Functional Verb Constructions have found increasing interest in Latin linguistics since the valency studies at the end of the seventies. In particular the
Prédication et construction passive impersonnelle à l'infinitif
Authors: Lenoble Muriel
Published: August 2013

Classical historians use the structure of type
Relative Clauses in Juridical Latin
Authors: Reggio Grazia
Published: August 2013

Sununary

Relative clauses in Juridical Latin are strictly connected with the succession of subjunctive and indicative mood and with the use of demonstrative and determinative pronouns. Regarding the first point, we observed that the Opposition between indicative and subjunctive mood often expresses the Opposition between factual and non-factual utterances. Subjunctive mood is also more frequent in the second part of the
Aspectos sintácticos, semánticos y pragmáticos de la deliberación-decisión en latin
Authors: Sánchez Manzano M. Asunción
Published: August 2013

The various levels of description to be discussed in the present paper are related to the socially relevant contexts depicted in our literary corpus. The scope of this matter is knowledge of use, which does not seem to be restricted by etymological relationships. From a glance at the quotations written, we are already familiar with the connection between deliberation and decision, despite their own characteristics. The existence of a large number of terms suggests that words rather than phrases are the units of sense. Nevertheless, the syntactic frame is no longer a mere option: it has become its structuring principle. Particularly relevant to it would be the relation assertive/report, that breaks up into two kinds of decisive (i. e. determination to act) expressions. Some of them are related to dare iudicium, but most can be seen as linguistic devices, enabling discourse organization. It should be stressed that these approaches appear to complement each other fruitfully, thus providing a better- defined (and linguistically based) description.
Grammar and pragmatics: the textual uses of repente and subito
Authors: Torrego M. Esperanza
Published: August 2013

In this paper I analyse the conditions for the use of
Mètre et syntaxe dans la pratique de trois poètes latins : Catulle, Virgile et Horace
Authors: Pumelle Gérald
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a method for measuring links between metre and syntax in the way three poets (Catullus, Horatius and Virgil) compose their hexameters. Based on the lemmatized files of LaSLa (Liēge) and on Tesniere’s dependency syntax, it aims to observe phenomena like (non-)coincidence of end of syntagm and end of verse line, syntactical consistency of the hexameter and so on. The test objects are: the place where sentences begin and end, syntactical connexions, syntagms exceeding the length of the line. It shows that poets like Catullus and Horatius don’t behave in the same way, and that the latter avoids less than the former this non-coincidence of meter and syntax: this is connected with a more “prosaic” nature of the writing of the Sermones.
Sur la différence de niveau de langue entre Piaute et Tirence
Authors: Smith Gerard
Published: August 2013

On the subject of Plautus’s and Terence’s registers, dependent questions enable to draw a worthwhile comparison. For the most part, the subordinating terms as adverbs, pronouns, adjectives and particles are the very same in both authors. Most of the verbs governing the subordinate clauses are common between them. But the main point concerns the mood of the dependent verb : Plautus and Terence use equally indicative and subjunctive so that the difference between them is hardly noticeable.
Inferring semantic maps
Authors: Regier Terry , Khetarpal Naveen , Majid Asifa
Published: August 2013

Semantic maps are a means of representing universal structure underlying semantic variation. However, no algorithm has existed for inferring a graph-based semantic map from cross-language data. Here, we note that this open problem is formally identical to the known problem of inferring a social network from disease outbreaks. From this identity it follows that semantic map inference is computationally intractable, but that an efficient approximation algorithm for it exists. We demonstrate that this algorithm produces sensible semantic maps from two existing bodies of data. We conclude that universal semantic graph structure can be automatically approximated from cross-language semantic data.
A Forgotten Application of the Starch Test
Authors: Harley Suzanne M.
Published: August 2013

In many labs on photosynthesis, the presence of starch in leaves is used as an indirect indicator of photosynthetic activity. Students do starch tests on leaves from plants that have been kept under a variety of conditions in order to check parameters for photosynthesis. The starch test can also be used to enable students to discover differences between plants that use C3 or C4 photosynthesis.
An Easy & Fun Way to Teach about How Science “Works”
Authors: Pavlova Iglika V. , Lewis Kayla C.
Published: August 2013

Science is a complex process, and we must not teach our students overly simplified versions of “the” scientific method. We propose that students can uncover the complex realities of scientific thinking by exploring the similarities and differences between solving the familiar crossword puzzles and scientific “puzzles.” Similarly to solving a crossword puzzle, solving puzzles in science is a complex and creative process in which hypotheses and theories evolve through the accumulation of many pieces of independent, yet interlocking, lines of evidence. We discuss the important lessons from Haack’s crossword-puzzle analogy and how it applies to teaching science.
Oxidative stress and ageing of the post-ovulatory oocyte
Authors: Lord Tessa , Aitken R John
Published: August 2013

With extended periods of time following ovulation, the metaphase II stage oocyte experiences deterioration in quality referred to as post-ovulatory oocyte ageing. Post-ovulatory ageing occurs both in vivo and in vitro and has been associated with reduced fertilization rates, poor embryo quality, post-implantation errors and abnormalities in the offspring. Although the physiological consequences of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing have largely been established, the molecular mechanisms controlling this process are not well defined. This review analyses the relationships between biochemical changes exhibited by the ageing oocyte and the symptoms associated with the ageing phenotype. We also discuss molecular events that are potentially involved in orchestrating post-ovulatory ageing with a particular focus on the role of oxidative stress. We propose that oxidative stress may act as the initiator for a cascade of events that create the aged oocyte phenotype. Specifically, oxidative stress has the capacity to cause a decline in levels of critical cell cycle factors such as maturation-promoting factor, impair calcium homoeostasis, induce mitochondrial dysfunction and directly damage multiple intracellular components of the oocyte such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Finally, this review addresses current strategies for delaying post-ovulatory oocyte ageing with a particular focus on the potential use of compounds such as caffeine or selected antioxidants in the development of more refined media for the preservation of oocyte integrity during IVF procedures.
O ensino da medicina na Universidade de Coimbra no século XVI
Authors: Rodrigues Isilda Teixeira , Fiolhais Carlos
Published: August 2013

Apresenta o ensino da medicina na Universidade de Coimbra no século XVI, enquadrando-o no contexto português e europeu e apontando o contributo dos principais professores - Enrique de Cuellar, Tomás Veiga, Alfonso de Guevara e João Bravo Chamisso - , assim como suas obras mais relevantes. Depois de expor a história prévia, são analisadas as reformas de dom Manuel I e de dom João III, o papel da anatomia na renovação dos estudos médicos, a relação com os Descobrimentos, as dificuldades levantadas pela Inquisição, a prática nos hospitais e, finalmente, o declínio do ensino da medicina. Apesar de não terem sido professores em Coimbra, faz-se referência aos dois maiores nomes da medicina portuguesa no século XVI, Amato Lusitano e Garcia da Orta.
La mortalidad por tuberculosis en Argentina a lo largo del siglo XX
Authors: Herrero Maria Belen , Carbonetti Adrian
Published: August 2013

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis de la curva de mortalidad por tuberculosis en Argentina a lo largo del siglo XX, desde 1911 hasta 2007. A partir de los datos obtenidos de diversas fuentes de carácter oficial se marcan las etapas históricas de dicha mortalidad, generando dentro de éstas subperíodos, a fin de entender el comportamiento de la mortalidad por tuberculosis, dependiendo del momento histórico. De esta forma, se vincula el desarrollo de la enfermedad con los dispositivos que se generaron para combatirla. Se realiza un análisis del comportamiento de la mortalidad por regiones del país, partiendo del supuesto que el desarrollo de la misma fue diferente según condiciones económicas y sociales y desarrollo sanitario.
Silva Coutinho: uma trajetória profissional e sua contribuição às coleções geológicas do Museu Nacional
Authors: Silva Marina Jardim e , Fernandes Antonio Carlos Sequeira , Fonseca Vera Maria Medina da
Published: August 2013

A trajetória profissional de João Martins da Silva Coutinho relaciona-se à história do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), para cujas coleções, principalmente geológicas, ele contribuiu com informações científicas e remessa de material. No cenário científico brasileiro, participou de grandes comissões de caráter exploratório na segunda metade do século XIX, especialmente na Amazônia e no Nordeste. Coletou e enviou amostras para análise no Museu Nacional, estabelecendo profunda relação com a instituição e seus funcionários. Apresentam-se essas contribuições por meio da análise de documentos e da recuperação das coleções geológicas por ele remetidas e ainda presentes no acervo da instituição.
De la Casa de Orates al juzgado: pericia alienista y evaluación judicial de la locura en Santiago de Chile hacia 1860
Authors: Gómez María José Correa
Published: August 2013

Este artículo explora el posicionamiento de la autoridad alienista en el ámbito de la justicia civil a través del estudio de evaluaciones periciales en procesos de interdicción por demencia en Santiago de Chile a mediados del siglo XIX. Presenta el marco legal que dio espacio a la figura del experto y se detiene en el ejercicio pericial cotidiano, con el objeto de abordar algunas de las fuerzas que legitimaron su autoridad en las cambiantes condiciones del temprano alienismo.
O uso da folha de coca em comunidades tradicionais: perspectivas em saúde, sociedade e cultura
Authors: Barreto Ivan Farias
Published: August 2013

Aborda as questões socioculturais que envolvem o uso da folha de coca nas regiões andina e amazônica. O estudo é de natureza teórica, sendo privilegiados artigos científicos e entrevistas com profissionais conceituados em revistas e jornais. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que a associação indiscriminada da coca à cocaína e, consequentemente, ao narcotráfico, parte de um preconceito construído historicamente que se sobrepõe às raízes históricas e culturais do uso milenar da planta. Cabe à psicologia, como ciência, romper o silêncio frente às questões indígenas e compreender a dinâmica dos processos socioculturais desses povos para se fazer atuar em espaços que exigem tratamentos diferenciados.
Tendências recentes da produção em história da enfermagem no Brasil
Authors: Padilha Maria Itayra , Ferreira Aline Coelho , Maliska Isabel Cristina Alves , Villarinho Mariana Vieira , Zytkuewisz Gabriela Venier , Sell Camilla
Published: August 2013

Visa analisar a produção científica dos grupos de pesquisa em história da enfermagem no Brasil de 1999 a 2009. A partir do estudo exploratório descritivo documental na versão 5.0 do diretório dos grupos de pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), e nos currículos individuais dos pesquisadores líderes disponibilizados na Plataforma Lattes, foram identificados 34 grupos de pesquisa com produção de 2.206 artigos, 230 livros, 745 capítulos de livros e 1.603 trabalhos completos e resumos expandidos. Há 394 artigos específicos de história da enfermagem nos temas identidade profissional, educação, institucionalização, especialidades e entidades organizativas. Conclui-se que a divulgação e socialização dos conhecimentos demonstram que essa área já está consolidada, mesmo que nem todos os artigos estejam diretamente relacionados à história da enfermagem.
Association of Biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions with Peritonitis Risk, Treatment, and Outcomes
Authors: Cho Yeoungjee , Badve Sunil V. , Hawley Carmel M. , McDonald Stephen P. , Brown Fiona G. , Boudville Neil , Bannister Kym M. , Clayton Philip A. , Johnson David W.
Published: August 2013

Background and objectives

The effect of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions on PD-related peritonitis is unclear. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between use of biocompatible solutions and the probability of occurrence or clinical outcomes of peritonitis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The study included all incident Australian patients receiving PD between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data. All multicompartment PD solutions of neutral pH were categorized as biocompatible solutions. The independent predictors of peritonitis and the use of biocompatible solutions were determined by multivariable, multilevel mixed-effects Poisson and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Sensitivity analyses, including propensity score matching, were performed.

Results

Use of biocompatible solutions gradually declined (from 7.5% in 2007 to 4.2% in 2010), with preferential use among smaller units and among younger patients without diabetes mellitus. Treatment with biocompatible solution was associated with significantly greater overall rate of peritonitis (0.67 versus 0.47 episode per patient-year; incidence rate ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.89) and with shorter time to first peritonitis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.87), a finding replicated in propensity score–matched cohorts (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.71).

Conclusions

In an observational registry study, use of biocompatible PD solutions was associated with higher overall peritonitis rates and shorter time to first peritonitis. Further randomized studies adequately powered for a primary peritonitis outcome are warranted.
Karakteristike i cinioci pristupa studiranju studenata nastavnickih fakulteta
Authors: Lazarevic Dusanka , Trebjesanin Biljana
Published: August 2013

nema
Protection of immunized mice and swine to challenge exposure with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains obtained from recent swine erysipelas outbreaks in Japan
Authors: To Ho , Tsutsumi Nobuyuki , Tazumi Akihiro , Kamada Takashi , Nagano Tetsuji , Nagai Shinya , Iwata Akira , Nunoya Tetsuo
Published: August 2013

The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect provided by immunization with commercial erysipelas vaccines in mice and conventional pigs to challenge with the field strains (serotype 1a) ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Sequence analysis of surface protective antigen (spaA) gene revealed that the strains were different from those reported previously. A total of 150 mice immunized subcutaneously with live or inactivated vaccines were protected against challenge exposure to one reference and four field strains. Seven conventional pigs immunized intramuscularly with inactivated vaccines developed specific antibodies against the SpaA protein ofE. rhusiopathiaeand were protected against challenge with two field strains. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the commercially available vaccines could protect animals against challenge with the most recently isolated SpaA-type strains ofE. rhusiopathiae.
The freezing point of raw and heat treated sheep milk and its variation during lactation
Authors: Janštová Bohumíra , Navrátilová Pavlína , Králová Michaela , Vorlová Lenka
Published: August 2013

The freezing point of milk is an important indicator of the adulteration of the milk with water, but heat treatment may also affect its value. The aim of this study was determine freezing point of raw and heat treated sheep milk and its variation during lactation. The freezing point was determined in 42 bulk tank raw sheep milk samples and 42 pasteurized milk samples collected during lactation of sheep at one ecofarm in Moravian Walachia (Valašsko in the Czech Republic). The freezing point was determined in accordance with the standard ČSN 57 0538 using a thermistor cryoscope. The average freezing point of raw milk was -0.617 ± 0.052 °C, with a range from -0.560 to -0.875 °C. The freezing point was lower in the first months of lactation and increased at the end of lactation. The freezing point correlated (r = 0.8967) with the content of total non-fat solids. The average freezing point of sheep milk pasteurized at 65 °C for 30 min was -0.614 ± 0.053 °C, with a range from -0.564 to -0.702 °C. The median of freezing point differences between raw and pasteurized milk was 0.004 °C. Our study extends data about physico-chemical properties of sheep milk and registers for the first time specific changes in the freezing point value of sheep milk by heating.
Determination of acrylamide in dry feedstuff for dogs and cats
Authors: Veselá Helena , Šucman Emanuel
Published: August 2013

Acrylamide is considered to be an endogenous contaminant of food and feedstuff. Attention is paid to the acrylamide content in human nutrition products; however, there is lack of data about its concentrations in feedstuff. The aim of this study was to use a newly developed adsorptive stripping voltammetry procedure for determination of acrylamide concentrations in five and three different kinds of dog and cat dry feedstuff, respectively. The applied analytical procedure consists of a solvent extraction in ultrasound bath, followed by voltammetric measurement at the hanging mercury drop electrode in ammonia buffer. The accuracy of the method was verified by use of standard reference materials. The range of acrylamide concentration found in samples of dry dog and cat feedstuff ranged from 106 to 358 μg/kg, and from 66 to 269 μg/kg, respectively. The precision of analyses expressed in form of the relative standard deviations ranged between 0.6–1.7%. The voltammetric procedure appears to be a reliable, sensitive, rapid and low-cost analytical technique for the determination of acrylamide in food and feedstuff. The concentrations of acrylamide found in feedstuff were relatively moderate but it is undoubtedly necessary to monitor its concentrations in future.
Influence of long-term hypodynamy on spongy bone tissue in Japanese quails
Authors: Tarabová Lucia , Almášiová Viera , Holovská Katarína , Cigánková Viera
Published: August 2013

Weightlessness can cause various damages especially on the musculoskeletal system both in animals and humans. The aim of our study was to observe the influence of simulated, long-term microgravity on the spongy bone tissue of the femur in Japanese quails. A total of 80 cockerels at the age of 2 days were exposed to simulated microgravity – hypodynamy. After days 56, 63, 90 and 180, six birds from the experimental group and six birds from the control group were euthanised. Samples for histological examination were collected from femur epiphysis. The whole femur of the other limb was used for the analysis of the calcium content. Microscopic examination showed differences between experimental and control animals in the spongy bone tissue after every day of the experiment. In the experimental animals, there were numerous, big, multinucleated cells osteoclasts, lying on the bone trabeculae surface, which were damaged. The highest difference in the calcium content in femurs between the control and experimental animals was found after 90 days of hypodynamy. This study builds on short-term hypodynamy experiments; such long periods had never been studied before in birds. Because our findings are similar to those found in osteoporotic bone tissue, it could by useful in the development of countermeasures against the negative influence of microgravity and immobilization.
From Author's Right to Property Right
Authors: Stern Simon
Published: August 2013

Though copyright is usually categorized as a property right, efforts to justify copyright on other grounds have persisted since the eighteenth century. The Lockean defence, based on the author's labour, is usually seen as conducive to a property right but is sometimes linked instead (or in addition) to a personality right. I explore another approach that has been analysed in the doctrinal literature, but that has received less attention from historians of English copyright law. This approach focuses on the author's dignitary rights, including communicative rights (bearing on who controls the public presentation of the text), and reputational rights (bearing on the text's appearance and its status as a reflection of the author). By contrast with the labour theory, the dignitary view of copyright is harder to reconcile with a property right although, as I show, eighteenth-century advocates of strong copyright protection sought to assimilate this view into the property framework. The Statute of Anne (1710) sought to accommodate the competing needs of authors, publishers, and the public. Its protections did not affiliate copyright with a property framework, as the publishing industry would have liked. In the course of the eighteenth century, dignitary concerns jostled with property claims as litigants argued over statutory protection. To explore the relations among these arguments, I re-examine the Statute of Anne and four of the major contemporary copyright judgments: Burnet v Chetwood (1721), Pope v Curll (1741), Millar v Taylor (1769) and Donaldson v Becket (1774). Each of these cases reveals new dimensions when examined through the lens of dignitary concerns. By studying these materials, we can gain a better understanding of how the property-based view took hold during a vital period in the formation of copyright law. This development, in turn, helps to explain two of the most distinctive features in the recent history of copyright law: the ever-widening reach of derivative rights and the ever-lengthening term of protection.
Behavior and Characteristics of Sap-Feeding North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: Charles Kerry , Linklater Wayne
Published: August 2013

The North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis), a threatened New Zealand native parrot, was successfully reintroduced to an urban sanctuary in Wellington, New Zealand. Conflict has recently begun to emerge with Wellington City residents due to tree damage caused by kākā sap foraging. Little is known about sap foraging behavior of kākā, and this study aimed to gain a greater understanding of this behavior, and to test hypotheses that sap feeding is predominantly a female activity and that one technique, forming transverse gouges through bark, may be restricted to adult kākā. We used instantaneous scan sampling to record the behavior of kākā during 25 60–100 minute observation periods at Anderson Park, Wellington Botanic Garden, and during 13 opportunistic observations of sap feeding kākā in Wellington City. Forty-one observations of sap feeding were made of 21 individually-identified birds. Sap feeding birds were predominantly young and, based on estimated sex, females were no more likely to sap feed than males (exact binomial test p = 0.868). Twenty of the 21 identified sap feeding kākā utilized supplementary feeding stations at Zealandia-Karori Wildlife Sanctuary. Kākā were observed defending sap feeding sites from tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) and conspecifics. Sap appears to be an important resource for kākā across sexes and life stages, and provision of supplementary food is unlikely to reduce sap feeding and tree damage in Wellington City.
Rip Cosmology via Inhomogeneous Fluid
Authors: Obukhov Valerii , Timoshkin Alexander , Savushkin Evgenii
Published: August 2013

The conditions for the appearance of the Little Rip, Pseudo Rip and Quasi Rip universes in the terms of the parameters in the equation of state of some dark fluid are investigated. Several examples of the Rip cosmologies are investigated.
Rorty, Addams, and Social Hope
Authors: Schneiderhan Erik
Published: August 2013

This paper takes up the practice and ideas of Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, considering their work at the intersection of pragmatism and social action. It argues that both Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, each in their own way, were thinking through the significant challenges that confront individuals in their everyday lives: How do we adjudicate between the competing values of individual accountability and helping others in our community? This is our social test, and the way we each answer the question matters for the future of democracy and our degree of social hope. Rorty was a champion of engagement with the community, and believed that out of this experience comes our capacity to creatively weave the fabric of liberal democracy. The paper argues that Addams’s work at Hull-House in Chicago offers concrete examples of the potential of reciprocal social relations, providing practical substance to Rorty’s ideas and showing how we can create social hope through action.
Design, Synthesis and DNA Interaction Study of New Potential DNA Bis-Intercalators Based on Glucuronic Acid
Authors: Zhao Jiuyang , Li Wei , Ma Rui , Chen Shaopeng , Ren Sumei , Jiang Tao
Published: August 2013

A series of novel potential DNA bis-intercalators were designed and synthesized, in which two glucuronic acids were linked by ethylenediamine, and the glucuronic acid was coupled with various chromophores, including quinoline, acridine, indole and purine, at the C-1 position. The preliminary binding properties of these compounds to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) have been investigated by UV-absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that all the target compounds can interact with CT-DNA, and the acridine derivative, 3b, showed the highest key selection vector (KSV) value, which suggested that compound 3b binds most strongly to CT-DNA.
L/N-Type Calcium Channel Blocker Cilnidipine Added to Renin-Angiotensin Inhibition Improves Ambulatory Blood Pressure Profile and Suppresses Cardiac Hypertrophy in Hypertension with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kanaoka Tomohiko , Tamura Kouichi , Wakui Hiromichi , Ohsawa Masato , Azushima Kengo , Uneda Kazushi , Kobayashi Ryu , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Tsurumi-Ikeya Yuko , Maeda Akinobu , Yanagi Mai , Toya Yoshiyuki , Umemura Satoshi
Published: August 2013

Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) profile are proposed to be related to renal deterioration and cardiovascular complication in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we examined the beneficial effects cilnidipine, a unique L/N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB), in addition to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, on ambulatory BP and HR profile, as well as cardiorenal function in hypertensive CKD patients. Forty-five patients were randomly assigned to the cilnidipine replacement group (n = 21) or the control CCBs group (n = 24) during a 24-week active treatment period. Although clinical BP values were similar in the cilnidipine and control CCBs groups after the treatment period, the results of ambulatory BP monitoring showed that the 24-h and daytime systolic BP levels in the cilnidipine group were significantly lower compared with the control group after the study. Furthermore, the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was significantly decreased in the cilnidipine group compared to the control group after the study (LVMI, 135.3 ± 26.4 versus 181.2 ± 88.4, p = 0.031), with a significant difference in the changes in the LVMI between the cilnidipine and control groups (change in LVMI, −12.4 ± 23.7 versus 26.2 ± 64.4, p = 0.007). These results indicate that cilnidipine is beneficial for the suppression of pathological cardiac remodeling, at least partly, via a superior improving effect on ambulatory BP profile compared with control CCBs in hypertensive CKD patients.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don
Authors: Tiong Soon , Looi Chung , Hazni Hazrina , Arya Aditya , Paydar Mohammadjavad , Wong Won , Cheah Shiau-Chuen , Mustafa Mohd , Awang Khalijah
Published: August 2013

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in India, South Africa, China and Malaysia to treat diabetes. The present study reports the in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the major alkaloids isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaves extract. Four alkaloids—vindoline I, vindolidine II, vindolicine III and vindolinine IV—were isolated and identified from the dichloromethane extract (DE) of this plant’s leaves. DE and compounds I–III were not cytotoxic towards pancreatic β-TC6 cells at the highest dosage tested (25.0 µg/mL). All four alkaloids induced relatively high glucose uptake in pancreatic β-TC6 or myoblast C2C12 cells, with III showing the highest activity. In addition, compounds II–IV demonstrated good protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) inhibition activity, implying their therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes. III showed the highest antioxidant potential in ORAC and DPPH assays and it also alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative damage in β-TC6 cells at 12.5 µg/mL and 25.0 µg/mL.
Correlation between Synthetic Aperture Radar Surface Winds and Deep Water Velocity in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Carvajal Gisela , Wåhlin Anna , Eriksson Leif , Ulander Lars
Published: August 2013

The recent observed thinning of the glacier ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica) has been attributed to warm deep currents, possibly induced by along-coast winds in the vicinity of the glacial ice sheet. Here, high resolution maps of wind fields derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data have been studied and correlated with subsurface measurements of the deep water velocities in the Amundsen Sea area. Focus is on periods with low ice coverage in 2010 and 2011. In 2010, which had comparatively low ice coverage, the results indicate a more rapid response to wind forcing in the deep currents than in 2011. The SAR wind speed maps have better spatial resolution than available reanalysis data, and higher maximum correlation was obtained with SAR data than with reanalysis data despite the lower temporal resolution. The maximum correlation was R = 0.71, in a direction that is consistent with wind-driven Ekman theory. This is significantly larger than in previous studies. The larger correlation could be due to the better spatial resolution or the restriction to months with minimum ice coverage. The results indicate that SAR is a useful complement to infer the subsurface variability of the ocean circulation in remote areas in polar oceans.
Use of duodenal ultrasonography to detect alterations in intestinal motility of endurance horses
Authors: Banse H.E. , Holbrook T.C.
Published: August 2013

Colic is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the endurance horse. Detection of ileus may promote earlier intervention, preventing progression to colic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 50 mile (80.46 km) endurance ride on duodenal motility in endurance horses using trans-abdominal (duodenal) ultrasonography, and compare duodenal motility to gastrointestinal motility as assessed by gastrointestinal auscultation. 29 horses competing in five different 50 mile rides were included in this prospective study. Signalment, experience level, and ride performance data were recorded. Physical examination findings were recorded before and at completion of the ride. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was performed before and within 90 min of completion of the ride to assess duodenal contractility. Duodenal motility assessed via ultrasonography decreased from before to after the race in horses undergoing ultrasound evaluation within 60 min of completion (P=0.03). Gastrointestinal motility assessed via auscultation decreased significantly after the race (P=0.03). Duodenal motility was negatively correlated with physical examination findings of dehydration and altered metabolic status. These findings indicate that gastrointestinal motility in horses is decreased by endurance exercise. Ultrasonography appears to be a useful method for objective assessment of motility in endurance horses.
Study on Mechanical Performance of Wall-Column Subassembly in New Precast Reinforced Concrete Frame-Shearwall Structure
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tong Jia Xin , Zhao Wei Jian , Sun Chang Zheng
Published: August 2013

A practical connection method of wall-column subassembly in new precast reinforced concrete frame-shearwall structure was proposed in this paper. Based on the general finite element software ABAQUS, numerical simulations were carried out on the mechanical performance of the precast and cast-in-situ wall-column subassemblies by using concrete damaged plastic model and bilinear kinematic hardening model. Results showed that mechanical performance of the precast wall-column subassembly, such as carrying capacities, deformations and failure modes, were almost equal to the cast-in-situ wall-column subassembly. Feasibility of the connection method which this paper proposed is verified preliminarily. The research results can provide theoretical references for related experimental researches, engineering designs and constructions.
Study on Thermal Crack Control of Multi-Tower Large Basement Structures
Authors: Zhang Yu Ming , Fan Tao , Bian Guang Sheng
Published: August 2013

The multi-tower large basement structure is some different with general super-long structure in crack control due to thermal stress. Characteristics of thermal stress in the multi-tower large basement structure were analyzed. The effective crack control measures aiming at multi-tower large basement structure are put forward. Low grade of concrete is preferred. The maximum concrete shrinkage should be limited in bid document. Double-layer two-way reinforcements in upper plate should be increased according to stress value to ensure crack width. Setting groove in exterior walls of the basement, spacing 30~50 meters, can effectively reduce thermal stress. Covering on upper plate should be overlaid timely as long as bearing capacity of the structure meets requirements.
Transformation Design of a High-Rise Building
Authors: Yang Xiao Dong , Wei Qiang , Li Jun Feng
Published: August 2013

The paper illustrated design process and announcements of the reconstruction through a project example.The structure had been made an integral analysis by analysis software MIDAS/GEN which can separately consider different material damping ratio. The results show that Structure would be more likely to generate the translational mode based on concrete vibration in the earthquake.This paper introduced the application of the design concept of green building in this project.
The Correction of Estimation Theory on Cable's Parameters in Prestress-Mega-Brace Steel Frame Structure
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Si Qi , Zeng Wen Jie
Published: August 2013

In order to verify the accuracy of estimation theory on cables parameters in prestress-mega-brace steel frame structure, several groups of structure models were designed, and the comparison between numerical analysis and estimation theory was completed, further the cause of large error between them was found out, at last correction formula was put and verified by numerical tests. The study shows that cable parameters of this new structure are sensitive to the side columns axial deformation, and the accuracy of correction formulas is greatly improved owing to considering the influence of side columns axial deformation.
Dynamical Model Updating Based on Gradient Regularization Method
Authors: Xu He Long , Xiao Jun , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: August 2013

Modulus of elasticity is an important input parameter in all kinds of structural analyses. The mathematical model used to identify the structural elastic modulus with measured Frequencies and mode shapes at several points is thusly built up in this paper, and then Gradient-Regularization method, an inverse problem solution method, is employed to solve the problem. General finite element program is compiled, and numerical examples have proved that the method of this thesis is efficient. The issues such as the choice of model error and the choice of measuring points are discussed as well.
Monitor and Analysis of the Foundation Pit Combination Support of Jinan West Railway Station Ground
Authors: Li Lian Xiang , Gong Ming , Zheng Ying Jie
Published: August 2013

The foundation pit of Jinan West Railway Station Ground is vast in area and large in Excavating depth and closely adjacent to the high-speed railway buildings and subgrade, therefore the foundation pits deformation is strictly controlled. The foundation pit supporting design applies a comprehensive mode by combing soil nailing wall, compound soil nailing wall and bored cast-in-situ piles with anchor cables. Monitoring has been carried out on internal force of side slope and supporting structure throughout the excavation of foundation pit, so detailed monitoring data have been acquired. It has been acquired, by contrastively analyzing, that since the foundation pits displacement volume may reach about one half of the final displacement volume at the time when its excavation is completed, with a huge rate of change, supporting should be timely completed during the excavation period. Compound soil nailing wall can reduce side slopes horizontal displacement volume about 25~30% , compared with soil nailing wall, and effectively add the rigidness of side slope, however it is not very useful for settlement; We get utmost horizontal displacement volume at one third to two fifths of pile length, so it is advised to increase density and strength of anchor cables.
Field Monitoring and Analysis of Reinforcement Concrete Slab
Authors: Yao Ting , Tian Qian , Zhang Shou Zhi , Guo Fei , Wang Yu Jiang
Published: August 2013

Concrete deformation measured under a certain condition in the experiment are very different from those in practical engineering structures, therefore, its necessary to monitor concrete properties in structures. In the paper, by real-time continuous monitoring of reinforcement concrete slab prepared with expansive agent, time-dependent temperature variations and strain variations are obtained and analyzed, and indoor test of the mechanical properties and deformation of field sampling from the slab are presented, so that this completes a transition from the specimen in experiment to the structure in engineering. The result shows that: there was no early-age crack in the four month after casting; the temperature had a certain increase due to heat generation of cement, which can lead to shrinkage deformation in cooling period; the temperature fluctuate with ambient temperature and there are obvious peak temperature rise about 15°C; There was a certain expansion at heating period, which can be considered as compensating shrinkage caused at late age in a certain extent so that minimum strain value is just about-120με which are not beyond the ultimate tensile strain. In addition, the measured experimental data can provide helpful reference for early crack control and durability of concrete structure, and they can also be use to verify and improve the accuracy of the numerical results for slab, which is available in the future for basis to similar projects and research.