bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Green Design (Part 2): The Basic Premises for Green Design
Authors: Yeang Ken
Published: November 2007

In the second part of his green design series, Ken Yeang highlights how a prospective site can provide the essential springboard for eco‐masterplanning. A full survey of the site and its sensitive development allows the built environment not only to be designed analogously with existing ecological systems, but also to reach out beyond the immediate footprint and to have a restorative effect on the surrounding area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Singlet‐State Deactivation of Cyano‐Substituted Indolines in Protic Solvents via CNHO Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Pál Krisztina , Kállay Mihály , Köhler Gottfried , Zhang Hong , Bitter István , Kubinyi Miklós , Vidóczy Tamás , Grabner Gottfried
Published: November 2007

The photophysical properties of indoline (I) and three of its derivatives, namely, N‐methylindoline (MI), 5‐cyanoindoline (CI), and 5‐cyano‐N‐methylindoline (CMI), are studied in H‐donating solvents of varying polarity. Based on measurements of fluorescence yield and lifetime, and of triplet yield and hydrated‐electron formation, two distinct mechanisms of solvent‐induced fluorescence quenching are evidenced. The first mechanism involves the cyano substituent and leads to an increase in the rate constant of internal conversion of one order of magnitude in ethanolic solution and of more than two orders of magnitude in water, as compared to solutions in n‐hexane or acetonitrile. A similar trend had previously been observed in the case of 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN). The second mechanism reduces the fluorescence lifetimes of the non‐cyanated derivatives in aqueous solution by one order of magnitude and is related to the formation of hydrated electrons. Neither of these mechanisms is influenced by methylation at the ring nitrogen. Quantum chemical calculations are performed on the ground and excited states of the hydrogen‐bonded complexes between protic solvents and MI as well as CMI. Stable hydrogen‐bonded configurations involving the CN substituent and a solvent OH group are found; these configurations are stable both in the ground and the first excited singlet states, whereas the corresponding complex at the ring amino nitrogen is stable in the ground state only. The CNHO configuration is therefore a prime candidate for a mechanistic explanation of the observed quenching by the first mechanism. These findings may have useful applications for the design of fluorescence probes for water in biological systems.
Crystal Structure, Electrochemical and Optical Properties of [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3
Authors: Wen Fei , Englert Ulli , Gutrath Benjamin , Simon Ulrich
Published: November 2007

The single‐crystal structure of [Au9(PPh3)8](NO3)3 was resolved for the first time with atomic resolution. The cluster has crystallographic D2 and approximate molecular D2h skeletal symmetry derived from an icosahedron. Voltammetry of the Au9 clusters in CH2Cl2 reveals a 1.78‐eV energy gap between the first one‐electron oxidation peak and the first reduction peak. The UV/Vis and luminescence properties of Au9 clusters were also investigated. The cluster solid shows two broad emission peaks at 579 nm and 853 nm, respectively, at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Social comparison with friends versus non‐friends
Authors: Lubbers Miranda J. , Kuyper Hans , van der Werf Margaretha P. C.
Published: November 2007

This paper investigates whether several aspects of social comparison in school classes differ as a function of the type of relation between the student and his or her target. Participants were 9612 students in the first grade of secondary education in the Netherlands (equivalent to Grade 7 in the US). Results indicated that (1) 78% of the students who had at least one friend also compared with a friend; (2) social comparison with friends was much more often reciprocal than comparison with non‐friends; (3) preferences for upward and downward comparison were less often given by students who compared with friends than students who compared with non‐friends; (4) the similarity in initial performance level between students and their comparison targets was higher when targets were friends; (5) despite these differences, which seem to imply that friends often serve as routine standards whereas non‐friends are more deliberately chosen as comparison targets, it appeared that consequences of social comparison for subsequent performance were about the same for both types of relations. Further findings of this paper suggest that previously found effects of friends' grades on subsequent performance may be explained by social comparison. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Threats to autonomy: motivational responses to risk information
Authors: Pavey Louisa J. , Sparks Paul
Published: November 2007

Two studies considered the role of autonomy in people's motivational response to health‐risk information. In Study 1, ‘non‐smoker’ participants (N = 59) completed a measure of autonomy and read either health‐risk information about smoking or neutral information. Those who read the health‐risk information reported less autonomous motivation for not smoking than did those who read the neutral information. However, level of autonomy moderated this effect: lower autonomy participants reported less autonomous motivation after reading the health‐risk information than after reading the neutral information but there was no such effect for higher autonomy participants. Study 2 (N = 100) supported the results of Study 1 using a sample of smokers, with a significant interaction between autonomy and health‐risk condition predicting autonomous motivation. Higher autonomy participants reported greater autonomous motivation to quit smoking after reading health‐risk information than after reading neutral information. There was no effect of condition for lower autonomy participants. Autonomous and controlled motivation was also considered in relation to the antecedents of intention outlined in the TPB. The findings are discussed in relation to the differential motivational impact of risk information on people with higher or lower autonomy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joule heating in electrokinetic flow
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun
Published: November 2007

Electrokinetic flow is an efficient means to manipulate liquids and samples in lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. It has a number of significant advantages over conventional pressure‐driven flow. However, there exists inevitable Joule heating in electrokinetic flow, which is known to cause temperature variations in liquids and draw disturbances to electric, flow and concentration fields via temperature‐dependent material properties. Therefore, both the throughput and the resolution of analytic studies performed in microfluidic devices are affected. This article reviews the recent progress on the topic of Joule heating and its effect in electrokinetic flow, particularly the theoretical and experimental accomplishments from the aspects of fluid mechanics and heat/mass transfer. The primary focus is placed on the temperature‐induced flow variations and the accompanying phenomena at the whole channel or chip level.
Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE
Authors: Poinsot Véréna , Rodat Audrey , Gavard Pierre , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François
Published: November 2007

This paper describes a number of articles that have been published on amino acid (AA) analysis using CE during the period from June 2005 to May 2007. This review article follows the format of the previous articles of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078–3083), Prata et al.. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129–4138), and Poinsot et al.. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047–4062 and Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176–194). Several new developments in AA analysis with CE are reported describing the use of laser‐emitting diodes for LIF, MS, and chips. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical studies and neuroclinical applications.
Process use as a usefulism
Authors: Patton Michael Quinn
Published: November 2007

Process use is best understood and used as a sensitizing concept. Judging the concept's meaningfulness through the lens of operationalization misconstrues its utility. This closing chapter also examines what other chapters in this volume reveal about process use as a sensitizing concept.
A phenomenological study of spirituality and learning processes at work: Exploring the holistic theory of knowledge and learning
Authors: Gallagher Suzanne J. , Rocco Tonette S. , Landorf Hilary
Published: November 2007

The holistic theory of knowledge and learning offers an integrative framework for understanding the interactions of cognitions, feelings, and behavior in learning. Explicit (cognitions), implicit ( behavior), and emancipatory (feelings, values, spirituality) knowledge facets interact in learning processes. Little is known, however, about the nature of these interactions and the role of spirituality in learning. A phenomenological study of professionals' learning processes at work showed that knowledge facets interact in learning through expressing, informing, changing, and guiding one another. Complex interactions within knowledge facets were identified as well as the dangers of learning using only one knowledge facet. The essential role of community in learning processes was affirmed, and the guiding, informing role of spirituality in learning at work was revealed.
Serous ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers: A comparative epidemiological analysis
Authors: Jordan Susan J. , Green Adèle C. , Whiteman David C. , Moore Suzanne P. , Bain Christopher J. , Gertig Dorota M. , Webb Penelope M. ,   for the Australian Cancer Study Group (ovarian cancer) and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Published: November 2007

Invasive serous cancers are diagnosed in the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum. It is widely believed that these are variants of the same malignancy but little is known about fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancers. A comparison of risk factors for these tumor types may shed light on common or distinct aetiological pathways involved in these types of cancer. We investigated risk factors for the three cancers using data from a large Australian population‐based case‐control study. We included women with incident invasive serous ovarian (n = 627), primary peritoneal (n = 129) and fallopian tube (n = 45) cancer and 1,508 control women. Participants completed a comprehensive reproductive and lifestyle questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Hormonal contraceptive use was inversely related to risk of all three cancers. Parity and breast‐feeding were also inversely related to risk of serous ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. In contrast, parous women had an increased risk of peritoneal cancer (OR = 1.8, 95%CI 0.8–3.9), and increasing parity did not lower risk. There was also no association between breast‐feeding and peritoneal cancer. However, obesity was associated with a doubling of risk for peritoneal cancer alone (OR = 2.1, 95%CI = 1.3–3.4). The strikingly similar patterns of risk for serous ovarian and fallopian tube cancers and the somewhat different results for primary peritoneal cancer suggest that peritoneal cancers may develop along a different pathway. These results also call into question the role of the physical effects of ovulation in the development of serous ovarian cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopic study of serum albumins: an effect of proton‐ and γ‐irradiation
Authors: Synytsya Alla , Alexa Petr , de Boer Jorrit , Loewe Markus , Moosburger Martin , Würkner Michael , Volka Karel
Published: November 2007

Raman spectroscopy was applied to analyse structural changes in serum albumins (bovine serum albumin, BSA; human serum albumin, HSA) following proton and γ‐irradiation (0.5, 5 and 50 Gy). Characteristic Raman bands of both polypeptide backbone and amino acid residues were sensitive to irradiation. Significant damage of HSA/BSA was observed only at the highest dose (50 Gy). Raman spectra confirmed radiation‐induced denaturation, destruction of helical structures and aggregation of serum albumins. The differences in the dose‐dependent effects of proton and γ‐radiation on studied proteins are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrant expression and localization of connexin43 and connexin30 in a rat glioma cell line
Authors: Mennecier Grégory , Derangeon Mickaël , Coronas Valérie , Hervé Jean‐Claude , Mesnil Marc
Published: November 2007

Gap junctions are cellular structures which permit direct exchanges of small molecules from cytoplasm to cytoplasm in most of the cells of metazoan organisms. For four decades, it has been observed that the inhibition of this type of intercellular communication is often associated with tumorigenesis. The assumption that loss of homeostasis which characterizes tumor growth could be a consequence of a lack of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been reinforced by strategies able to reinduce both GJIC and normalization of the phenotype. So far, no molecular data may explain clearly how gap junctions can regulate cell proliferation. It has been argued that the gap‐junction tumor suppressive effect may depend specifically on the connexin type which is expressed. For instance, the transfection of connexin30 (Cx30), a gap junction protein, has been previously associated with a slower growth of rat glioma cells (9L cells). Here, we show that these cells do communicate less compared to the Cx43‐expressing parental cells even if the Cx30‐transfected cells do express more Cx43. This result was related to the cytoplasmic distribution of Cx43 and a nuclear localization of both the Cx30 and a 20‐kDa fragment corresponding to a Cx43 signal. According to these data, it seems that cell growth regulation may depend more on the behavior of connexins than the simple establishment of GJIC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of polymorphisms in the Caspase‐3 gene and their association with lung cancer risk
Authors: Jang Jin Sung , Kim Kyung Mee , Choi Jin Eun , Cha Sung Ick , Kim Chang Ho , Lee Won Kee , Kam Sin , Jung Tae Hoon , Park Jae Yong
Published: November 2007

Caspase‐3 (CASP‐3) is a primary effector CASP that executes programmed cell death, and it plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Polymorphisms in the CASP‐3 gene may influence CASP‐3 production and/or activity, thereby modulating the susceptibility to lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we first screened for polymorphisms in the CASP‐3 gene by direct sequencing of genomic DNA samples from 27 healthy Koreans, and then evaluated their associations with lung cancer in a case–control study that consisted of 582 lung cancer patients and 582 healthy controls. Individuals with at least one variant allele of the −928A > G, 77G > A, and 17532A > C polymorphisms were at a significantly decreased risk for lung cancer in comparison to the carriers with each homozygous wild‐type allele [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.62–1.00, P = 0.05; adjusted OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.61–0.99, P = 0.04; and adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58–0.95, P = 0.02, respectively]. Consistent with the results of genotyping analysis, the GAGC haplotype carrying the variant allele at all of the −928A > G, 77G > A, and 17532A > C loci was associated with a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer compared to the AGGA haplotype carrying no variant alleles at the three loci (adjusted OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.51–0.86, P = 0.002 and Bonferroni corrected P = 0.008). These results suggest that the CASP‐3 polymorphisms and their haplotypes contribute to the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified expression of cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase electrophoretic isoforms in seminal plasma of men with sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome and seminoma
Authors: Starita‐Geribaldi Mireille , Samson Michel , Guigonis Jean‐Marie , Pointis Georges , Fenichel Patrick
Published: November 2007

Two isoforms of human cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) of close molecular weights and different isoelectric points were identified in human seminal plasma (SP) by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) followed by mass spectrometry (MS). These two isoforms were detected in the normospermic men SP and their expressions were markedly altered in patients with testicular seminoma, the most frequent testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC): increase of the more acidic spot and decrease of the more basic one. Since oligospermia has been considered as a high risk pathological condition for developing a testicular cancer, the two IDPc isoforms were analyzed in SP of a group of secretory azoospermic patients. In this group the two spots displayed similar variations of expression to those observed in testicular seminoma. These results propose IDPc as a promising SP biomarker of testicular seminoma. Whether IDPc alteration in secretory azoospermia is predictive of testicular seminoma remains to be elucidated. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variants in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) gene are associated with restless legs syndrome
Authors: Winkelmann Juliane , Lichtner Peter , Schormair Barbara , Uhr Manfred , Hauk Stephanie , Stiasny‐Kolster Karin , Trenkwalder Claudia , Paulus Walter , Peglau Ines , Eisensehr Ilonka , Illig Thomas , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Pfister Hildegard , Golic Jelena , Bettecken Thomas , Pütz Benno , Holsboer Florian , Meitinger Thomas , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram
Published: November 2007

Sixty percent of the patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) report a positive family history. To date five loci have been mapped on chromosome 12q, 14q, 9p, 2q, and 20p (RLS1‐5) but no gene has been identified so far. To identify genes related to RLS, we performed a three‐stage association study (explorative study, replication study, high‐density mapping) in two Caucasian RLS case‐control samples of altogether 918 independent cases and controls. In the explorative study (367 cases and controls, respectively), we screened 1536 SNPs in 366 genes in a 21 Mb region encompassing the RLS1 critical region on chromosome 12. Armitage trend test revealed three genomic regions that were significant (P < 0.05). In the replication study (551 cases and controls, respectively) we genotyped the most significant SNPs of Stage 1. After correction for multiple testing, association was observed with SNP rs7977109 (Pnominal = 0.00175, PWestfall‐Young = 0.04895, OR = 0.76228, 95% CI = 0.64310–0.90355), which is in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene. High‐density mapping using altogether 34 tagging and coding SNPs of the NOS1 gene in both case‐control samples further confirmed the significant association results to NOS1. Ten more SNPs revealed significance with nominal P‐values from 0.0001 to 0.0482 (genotypic test and Armitage test). Altogether, this study provides evidence for an association of variants in the NOS1 gene and RLS, and suggests the involvement of the NO/arginine pathway in the pathogenesis of RLS. Potential usage of NO modulating agents as new treatment options for RLS have become a challenging aspect for future research of this disorder. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Messenger RNA expression patterns of histone‐associated genes in bovine preimplantation embryos derived from different origins
Authors: Nowak‐Imialek Monika , Wrenzycki Christine , Herrmann Doris , Lucas‐Hahn Andrea , Lagutina Irina , Lemme Erika , Lazzari Giovanna , Galli Cesare , Niemann Heiner
Published: November 2007

Histone modification genes in bovine embryos: The mRNA expression pattern of histone‐related genes was determined in bovine oocytes and embryos. We compared immature and in vitro‐matured oocytes, either before or after enucleation and activation, in vitro produced embryos (zygotes, 8–16 cell stages, blastocysts), embryos cloned with female or male donor cells; parthenogenetic embryos, and in vivo‐derived blastocysts to detect deviations from the normal expression pattern. A sensitive semi‐quantitative endpoint RT‐PCR assay was used to reveal differences in histone deacetylation [histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)]; histone acetylation [histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1)]; histone methylation [histone methyltransferases (SUV39H1, G9A)]; heterochromatin formation [heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)]; and chromatin‐mediated transcription regulation [zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1)]. With the exception of ZAR1, these mRNAs were present throughout preimplantation development. The relative abundance of mRNAs for histone methyltransferases (SUV39H1 and G9A) and for heterochromatin‐associated protein (HP1) differed significantly before and after activation of the bovine embryonic genome. The similarity of HAT1 gene expression in 8–16 cell embryos and blastocysts suggests that histone acetylation is primarily affected by in vitro culture only prior to embryonic genome activation. HDAC2 gene mRNA expression was not affected by in vitro culture and/or cloning before and after activation of the embryonic genome. The donor cell line affected mRNA expression patterns of genes involved in reprogramming cloned embryos suggesting epigenetic dysregulation. Results show that both in vitro production and somatic cloning alter the mRNA expression of histone modifying genes in bovine embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 731–743, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shape optimization of one‐chamber perforated plug/non‐plug mufflers by simulated annealing method
Authors: Chang Ying‐Chun , Chiu Min‐Chie
Published: November 2007

To economically and efficiently lower the venting noise, the development of a high‐quality muffler with compact volume has become crucial in the modern industrial field. The research work of shape optimization of straight silencers in conjunction with plug/non‐plug perforated ducts which may noticeably increase the acoustical performance is rarely addressed; therefore, the main purpose of this paper is not only to analyze the sound transmission loss (STL) of a one‐chamber plug/non‐plug perforated muffler but also to optimize the best design shape under a limited space. In this paper, on the basis of plane wave theory, the four‐pole system matrix in evaluating the acoustic performance is derived by using the decoupled numerical method. Moreover, a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm searching for the global optimum by imitating the softening process of metal has been adopted during the muffler's optimization. To assure SA's correctness, the STL's maximization of one‐chamber perforated plug mufflers at a targeted frequency of 500 Hz is exemplified first. Furthermore, a numerical case in dealing with a broadband noise emitted from a fan by using one‐chamber plug/non‐plug mufflers has been introduced and fully discussed. To achieve a better optimization in SA, various SA parameter sets of cooling rate and iteration parameter values were used. Before the SA operation can be carried out, the accuracy check of the mathematical models with respect to plug/non‐plug perforated mufflers has to be supported by experimental data. The optimal result in eliminating broadband noise reveals that the muffler with a plug acoustical mechanism has a better noise reduction than that of a non‐plug muffler. Consequently, the approach used for the optimal design of the noise elimination proposed in this study is certainly easy, economical, and quite effective. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Heteroleptic Cerium(IV) Complexes Using a Heptadentate (N4O3) Tripodale Schiff‐base Ligand
Authors: Dröse Peter , Gottfriedsen Jochen
Published: November 2007

The Cerium(IV) complexes [{N[CH2CH2N=CH(2‐O‐3,5‐tBu2C6H2)]3}CeCl] (1) and [{N[CH2CH2N=CH(2‐O‐3,5‐tBu2C6H2)]3}Ce(NO3)] (2) were derived from the condensation of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylaldehyde and the appropriate Ce starting material CeCl3(H2O)6 and (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6], respectively. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal monomeric complexes.
Dinuclear Manganese(II) Complexes with Bridging Selenidodiarsenate Anions [As2Se4]4−, [As2Se5]4− and [As2Se6]2−
Authors: Kromm Anna , Sheldrick William S.
Published: November 2007

Solvothermal reaction of [MnCl2(amine)] (amine = terpy and tren) with elemental As and Se at a 1:1:2 molar ratio in H2O/tren (10:1) affords the dimanganese(II) complexes [{Mn(terpy)}2(μ‐As2Se4)] (1) and [{Mn(tren)}2(μ‐As2Se5)] (2) respectively. The tetradentate [As2Se4]4− bridging ligands in 1 contain a central As–As bond and exhibit approximately C2h symmetry. Pairs of gauche sited Se atoms participate in five‐membered As2Se2Mn chelate rings. In contrast, two AsSe3 pyramids share a common corner in the [As2Se5]4− ligands of 2 and each coordinates an [Mn(tren)]2+ fragment through a single terminal Se atom. Such dinuclear complexes are linked into tetranuclear moieties through weak Se···Mn interactions of length 3.026(3) Å involving one of these terminal Se atoms. At a 1:3:6 molar ratio, solvothermal reaction of [MnCl2(tren)] with As and Se leads to formation of a second dinuclear complex [{Mn(tren)}2(μ‐As2Se6)2] (3), which contains two bridging bidentate [As2Se6]2− ligands. These are cyclic with an As2Se4 ring and can be regarded as being derived from [As2Se5]4− anions by formation of two Se‐Se bonds to an additional Se atom.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) Complexes with Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fang , Wang Li‐Ya , Ma Lu‐Fang
Published: November 2007

Two new copper(II) compounds with imino nitroxide radicals [Cu(IM‐MeImz)2 · (SCN)] 0.5[Cu(SCN)4] (1) and [Cu(IM‐MeImz)2 · (SCN)]ClO4 · H2O (2) (IM‐meImz = 2‐(5‐methylimidazol‐4‐yl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐imidazoline‐1‐oxyl) have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. X‐ray analysis demonstrates that complex 1 contains CuII ions in both square‐pyramidal and square planar coordination. There are complete charge separation into [Cu(IM‐MeImz)2(SCN)]+ cations and 0.5[Cu(SCN)4]− anions, in a 2:1 ratio. The complex 1 was connected as a one‐dimensional polymer by intermolecular interactions. In complex 2, the coordination around the copper atom is distorted square pyramidal and the apical position is occupied by one nitrogen atom of SCN− anion. The 2‐D network structure was formed and arranged through intermolecular H‐bonds interactions. The complex 1 exhibits intramolecular weak ferromagnetic coupling between CuII ion and the radicals.
Gerüstverbindungen mit beweglichen LaIII‐Kationen: Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen und Strukturdynamik der Lanthan(III)‐Eisen(II)‐Sulfid‐Halogenide La53Fe12S90X3 (X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Bräunling Daniel , Leoni Stefano , Mills Allison M. , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2007

Framework Compounds with Mobile LaIII Cations: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Structural Dynamics of the Lanthanum(III) Iron(II) Sulfide Halides La53Fe12S90X3 (X = Cl, Br, I)

Black crystals of La53Fe12S90X3 (X = Cl, Br, I) were synthesized from La2S3 and FeS in a reactive LaX3 flux at 1320 K. The structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds are isostructural, crystallizing in the rhombohedral space group $R{\bar 3}m$ with Z = 1 (La53Fe12S90Cl3: a = 14.0154(7), c = 21.888(1) Å, V = 3723.5(3) Å3; La53Fe12S90Br3: a = 14.0048(9), c = 22.040(2) Å, V = 3743.6(4) Å3; La53Fe12S90I3: a = 13.9805(8), c = 22.108(2) Å, V = 3742.2(4) Å3). The structure adopted is a stuffed variant of the La52Fe12S90 structure type. [FeII2S9] dimers of face‐sharing octahedra are linked by face‐ and vertex‐sharing bi‐ or tri‐capped [LaIIIS6+n] trigonal prisms, forming a three‐dimensional framework containing cuboctahedral cavities of two sizes. The larger cavities, which remain empty in the structure of La52Fe12S90, are filled by halide ions in La53Fe12S90X3. The smaller cavities accommodate numerous sites for disordered lanthanum cations, modelling a network of diffusion pathways through the structure. An analogous picture is obtained from the calculation of the periodic nodal surface (PNS): The PNS separates a labyrinth containing the framework atoms from a labyrinth containing the mobile lanthanum cations. Molecular dynamic simulations confirm a strong coupling between the motions of the mobile lanthanum ions and the neighbouring sulfide ions.
Femoral Revision with an Extensively Hydroxyapatite-Coated Femoral Component
Authors: Gulotta Lawrence V. , Baldini Andreas , Foote Kristin , Lyman Stephen , Nestor Bryan J.
Published: November 2007

Between December 1996 and April 2003, 26 consecutive femoral component revisions in 24 patients were performed with an extensively hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and two patients died of unrelated causes. Of the 22 femoral revisions in 20 patients, there was a 0% incidence of mechanical loosening at average follow-up of 3.2 years (2–6.3 years). The Harris Hip Score improved from 59 (36 to 83) to 95 (84 to 100) postoperatively ( p < 0.001). Rate of revision was 18.2% (4.5% for sepsis, 9.1% for instability, and 4.5% for polyethelene wear). All 22 femoral components had evidence of bone ingrowth. The extensively coated hydroxyapatite stem in this series produced excellent clinical results with a low incidence of thigh pain (4.5%) and severe stress shielding (4.5%).
The Use of an Innovative Device for Wound Closure after Upper Extremity Fasciotomy
Authors: Medina Carlos , Spears Julia , Mitra Amitabha
Published: November 2007

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Silver Bullet Wound Closure Device (SBWCD, Boehringer Laboratories, Norristown, PA), a new device for delayed primary closure of fasciotomy wounds.

Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed over a period of 36 months of all patients with an upper extremity fasciotomy that could not be closed primarily. Cases that underwent fasciotomy closure with the SBWCD were separated from the patients that had a split thickness skin graft (STSG).

Results Seven patients had their wound closed with the SBWCD within 10 days (mean of 7.4 days). The seven patients that underwent STSG had their wound closed in an average of 8.4 days. The average number of days between the day of the fasciotomy incision and the date of the placement of the SBWCD was 1.9 days. STSGs were placed on the fasciotomy wounds on an average of 10.3 days after the date of the fasciotomy incision. We found that the SBWCD allowed for starting to approximate the edges of the fasciotomy wound at an earlier time when compare to STSG (2.1 vs 10.3 days).

Conclusions We feel that the SBWCD as a one-stage procedure provides a consistent and efficacious way to manage upper extremity fasciotomy wounds while minimizing the morbidity associated with STSG. Elimination of a second-stage procedure reduces hospital costs. Our findings may help to inform surgeons about an available alternative when an upper extremity fasciotomy wound is not amenable to primary closure.
The influence of nitrous oxide anaesthetic on middle-ear fluid
Authors: Shaw James O. , Stark Earl W. , Gannaway Stephen D.
Published: November 2007

NITROUS OXIDE anaesthesia invades the middle-ear cavity, resulting in a positive pressure within this cavity. It has been suggested that the pressure may be sufficient to force open the Eustachian tube and evacuate fluid from the middle ear. This study examined the possible influence of nitrous oxide on middle-ear fluid. Pre- and intra-operative tympanograms were obtained on 39 children scheduled for myringotomy surgery. Fluid was found in 83-1 per cent of the operated ears while the absence of fluid was noted in 16-9 per cent. It is possible that the nitrous oxide anaesthetic did cause an evacuation of fluid from this latter group of ears prior to actual surgery.
Mucocele of the petrous apex
Authors: DeLozier H. L. , Parkins C. W. , Gacek R. R.
Published: November 2007

The first case of a primary mucocele of the petrous apex is presented and the differential diagnosis is briefly discussed. Since this area is unavailable for direct examination, a thorough radiographic evaluation is essential. A mucocele should be suspected when a lytic lesion has a multiloculated appearance and when the contralateral petrous apex is highly pneumatized. Even then, a biopsy may still be needed to make a definitive diagnosis. The appropriate treatment for these cystic lesions is fistulization into a radical mastoid cavity or an exteriorized sphenoid sinus.
The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in nasal polyposis
Authors: John A.C. , Merrett T. G.
Published: November 2007

The incidence of atopy among 64 adults undergoing polypectomy was 25 per cent. Among these atopic patients it was usual for the polyp IgE level to exceed that in the serum. Similarly,D. pteronyssinus-specific IgE was more commonly identified in polyp fluid by the RAST technique than in serum. However, this was not so for grass poolen-specific IgE, where serum and polyp fluid were equally positive. We conclude that there are atopic and non-atopic polyps.
Congenital choanal atresia and nerve deafness
Authors: Brama Israel , Engelhard Dan
Published: November 2007

FOUR cases of bilateral congenital choanal atresia are presented. Three of them (75 per cent) were shown by Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) tests to have, in addition, congenital nerve deafness; and two had other congenital anomalies. Thus, congenital nerve deafness should be considered as a possible congenital anomaly associated with choanal atresia. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital choanal atresia can prevent death from asphyxia during the neonatal period, but after surgical correction of the atresia the possible existence of additional anomalies has to be determined and treated.

By the use of electric response audiometry we are able to detect sensorineural hearing loss during the neonatal period and can plan the rehabilitation of deaf infants.
Suction tube noise and myringotomy
Authors: Spencer M. G.
Published: November 2007

Abstact

The possibility of a noise-induced hearing loss occurring as a result of a high level of sucker-tip noise in myringtomy for seromucinous otitis media is discussed, A group of twenty-four ears is investigated and the noise levels generated by the suction tube are mearsured at operation by means of a probe microphone lowered into the external auditory meatus The conclusions reached are that, although the sound levels attained are at times quite high, they are not of suffcient amplitude, nor are they present for a suffcient length of time, to produce a sencori-neural hearing loss.
The distribution of neuroglia and schwann cells in the 8th nerve of man
Authors: Bridger M. W. M. , Farkashidy J.
Published: November 2007

The 8th cranial nerve has been dissected from 23 adult temporal bones at autopsy and studied histologically. It was found that neuroglial tissue, continuous with that in the brain stem, supported 8th nerve axons to just beyond the mid-point of the nerve. Lateral to this, axons are supported by Schwann cells and neurilemmal sheaths with a short [junctional zone] intervening. The point at which the transition occurred, from neuroglial to Schwann cell portions, was medial to the porus in 56 per cent of cases, level with the porus in 18 per cent, and within the internal auditory canal in 26 per cent. The relevance of these findings to some aspects of 8th nerve pathology and surgery is discussed.
The sphenoid sinus mucocoele
Authors: Sellars S. L. , De Villiers J. C.
Published: November 2007

Mucocoeles, mucopyocoeles and empyemas of the sphenoid sinus are rare, but potentially dangerous. Their occurrence is accompanied by a multitude of clinical symptoms and signs, which confuse the diagnosis and may lead to its mismanagement. The treatment of this condition is surgical and in its early states essentially simple.

At Groote Schuur Hospital over a 6-year period (1972–1977) 6 patients with mucocoeles, mucopyocoeles or abscesses of the sphenoid sinuses have been seen. Their clinical presentation, radiological findings and surgical treatment are described and discussed. Correctly managed this condition should completely resolve; however, there is a mortality associated with delay or misdiagnosis.
Optic nerve decompression in head injuries
Authors: Karnik P. P. , Maskati B. T. , Kirtane M. V. , Tonsekar K. S.
Published: November 2007

Diminution of vision arising from head injuries involving the optic foramen can be treated by transethmoidal decompression of the optic froamen can be treated by transethomidal decompression of the optic nerve. Early surgery is associated with good recovery of function. In this paper, the surgical procedure is discussed, with the results in 10 cases.
Unusual leiomyoma of the nose (leiomyoblastoma): Report of a case
Authors: Papavasiliou A. , Michaels L.
Published: November 2007

Leiomyomas or benign tumours of smooth muscle origin are extremely rare in the nose, due to the paucity of significant masses of smooth muscle in this region. A review of the literature revealed only six cases of leiomyoma (Fu and Perzin, 1975; Kambayashi, 1978; MacCaffrey et al., 1978; Maesaka et al., 1966; Kotaka and Furuya, 1973) previously reported and no case of nasal leiomyoblastoma. This variety of benign smooth muscle tumour has been mostly described in the gastrointestinal tract and uterus (Stout, 1962). In this paper we report a case of an unusual nasal leiomyoma arising from the middle turbinate. We believe it is the first in the literature.
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in a Nigerian child
Authors: Adekeye E. O. , Edwards M. B. , Goubran G. F.
Published: November 2007

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare, benign lympho-proliferative disorder of unknown aetiology that chiefly affects the cervical lymphnodes of children. Various extranodal manifestations are recognized, especially in the head and neck. A case is described in a Nigerian child that illustrates problems of differential diagnosis.
Management of the stapes footplate with special reference to otosclerosis
Authors: Shea John J.
Published: November 2007

The history of the description of otosclerosis is presented in detail, beginning with Toynbee in 1857, together with the development of the surgical treatment beginning with Kessel in 1876. The prominent European and American contributors to this development are presented, with emphasis on the evolution of thinking with regard to surgical treatment as new information became available and new instruments were invented.
Variability and habituation of nystagmic responses to hot caloric stimulation of normal subjects
Authors: Davey P. G. , Harpur E. S. , Jabeen F. , Shannon D. , Shenoi P. M.
Published: November 2007

Experiments were performed on 25 otoneurologically ‘normal’ subjects to evaluate the hot caloric test as a screening test for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity.

Using portable equipment under non-ideal conditions, it was found that there was a large inter-subject variability in nystagmic response and that, instead of a random test-retest variability, a systagmic variation in response occurred on repeated caloric stimulation with water at 44°C.

A response deline (habituation) evident in both the maximum slow phase velocity and the maximum frequency occurred at second test, although the inter-test interval ranged from 24 to 72 hours.

After a 3-month interval with no intervening tests, the mean value of the maximum frequency reverted back to the original level. However, there was still a significant reduction in maximum slow phase velocity at this time. Some individuals had a sustanined reduction in both parameters.

Hence it is concluded that the hot caloric test, used under the conditions described in this study, is not a suitable serial screening method for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity. The reproducibility of this test under other conditions, or any other caloric test, should be established in normal subjects befre employing, it as a serial screen for aminoglycoside vestibular toxicity.
Myoepithelioma of the external auditory canal
Authors: Chen Karl T. K.
Published: November 2007

A Case of myoepithelioma of the external auditory canal is reported. Deapite the presence of significant mitotic activity this tumore showed a benign biological behaviour as evidenced by the 7-year disease-free follow-up.

Myoepithelioma, a variant of pleomorphic adenoma composed predominantly of myoepithelial cells (Batsakis, 1979), has been reported with increasing frequency. This report desceibes a myoepithelioma of the external auditory canal, an anatomic site which has not previously been reported for this tumor type.
Late results of tympanoplasty using ossicle or cortical bone
Authors: Ojala K. , Sorri M. , Vainio-Mattila J. , Sipilä P.
Published: November 2007

Hearing results are presented for 164 ears with chronic otitis media which were operated on radically and obliterated with a musculo-periosteal flap (Palva flap), and in which tympanoplasty was performed. The ears were followed-up annualy for 5–13 years (mean 6.8 years). Results are compared with the method of ossiculoplasty and with the condition of the stapes superstructure at operation. Ossiculoplasty using autogenous cortical bone columellas resulted in a somewhat greater improvement in the post-operative air-bone gap than ossiculoplasty with auto- or homo-graft ossicles, when compared wih the pre-operative gap. Similarly, the post-operative gap improved more in ears with an intact stapes superstructure than in ears in which the stapes superstructure was absent. The use of an autogenous cortical bone columella can be recommended in cases in which the patient's own ossicles are affected by disease and cannot be used.
Ear disease in a group general practice
Authors: Berzon D. B.
Published: November 2007

This five-year survey of ear disease in a London population of 10,000 is considered to be a valid description of the incidence of ear disease presenting in a general practice community, since all patients were examined and diagnosed either by the author or by the district hospital Ear, Nose and Throat Department. The results agreed generally with the findings of the National Morbidity Surveys, but a more comprehensive range of ear disease is described. There is general agreement, between this and other surveys in the United Kingdom and the United States, that the most common ear diseases presenting in general practice populations are acute suppurative otitis media and impacted wax, followed by presbyacusis, secretory otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, vertigo and traumatic deafness due to noise, blast or head injury. However, the incidence of these and other diseases differs greatly in many countries throughout the world and some aetiological factors are suggested.

The evidence in this paper points to the continuing need for the investigation of the incidence and aetiology of some ear diseases in many parts of the world.
Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: de Campora E. , Calabrese V. , Bianchi P. M. , Camaioni A. , Corradini C.
Published: November 2007

Haemangiopericytoma is only rarely localized in the nasal cavity. The authors' experience with one case has prompted them to review the literature critically, in order to understand better the most appropriate diagnostic procedures and therapeutic measures.
Tuberculous granuloma of the epiglottis
Authors: Khan I.
Published: November 2007

A case of tuberculous granuloma of the epiglottis is presented. The presenting symptoms were hoarseness and painful dysphagia, and the laryngoscopic appearances resembled carcinoma. Histological examination of the biopsy material was diagnostic, emphasising the difficulty of diagnosis in the general population.
Cross-links between stereocilia in the human organ of Corti
Authors: Rhys Evans Peter H. , Comis Spiro D. , Osborne Michael P. , Pickles James O. , Jeffries David J. R.
Published: November 2007

Human cochleae were fixed in glutaraldehyde, without the use of osmium. Crosslinks were seen between the stereocilia, similar to those we have previously reported for the guinea pig: first, stereocilia of the same row on each hair cell were joined by horizontally-running links; secondly, the shorter stereocilia had pointed tips, each giving rise to a single, vertically-pointing link, which ran upwards to join the adjacent taller stereocilium of the next row. We suggest that distortion of this link is involved in sensory transduction. The links were sparser than had been seen in the guinea pig which may be a reflection of the vulnerability of the links to nonoptimal fixation, and the greater difficulty in producing good fixation in human specimens.
Usher's syndrome type III: ENG findings in four affected and six unaffected siblings
Authors: Karjalainen S. , Teräsvirta M. , Kärjä J. , Kääriäinen H.
Published: November 2007

Eng recordings showed abnormal findings in subjects affects by Usher's syndrome and in unaffected siblings. Unaffected subjects with hearing impairment may be heterozygote carriers with inner ears more sensitive to various injurious stimulti, e.g. noise, than those of healthy subjects. Vestibular tests may facilitate the detection of heterozygote carriers but the number of patients studied by us is too small to allow definitive conclusions to be reached.
Quinsy: A bilateral presentation
Authors: Kristensen S. , Juul A. , Nielsen F.
Published: November 2007

Bilateral peritonsillar abscesses are rare and often not diagnosed until tonsillectomy. As the condition may create diagnostic problems and serious complications, a case history is presented. The importance of rapid otorhinolaryngological examination and treatment is stressed.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of maxilla following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Nishizawa S. , Hayashida T. , Horiguchi S. , Inouye K. , Imamura T.
Published: November 2007

A 20-year-old man developed a malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the right maxilla 19 years after irradiation for bilateral retinoblastoma.

The incidence of second tumours in patients who survived bilateral retinoblastoma treated with radiation was 8.5 per cent. Malignant fibrous histiocytomas which arise in a site of prior radiation are fatal. The present case is presumed to have the autosomal dominant retinoblastoma gene, not associated with deletion of the q 14 band of chromosome 13. The patient succumbed to the second tumour.
The doubtful value of tympanometry in the diagnosis of otosclerosis
Authors: Browning G. G. , Swan I. R. C. , Gatehouse S.
Published: November 2007

Many consider that the compliance of the middle ear as measured from the tympanogram can be helpful in diagnosing otosclerosis. To test this assertion, the compliance in 34 individuals with surgically proven otosclerosis was compared with the compliance in 34 age and sex matched, normal controls, randomly selected from the population. Though the mean compliance was different in the two groups, there was considerable overlap in the range of values which severely limits the practical usefulness of tympanometry.

If the level of compliance is taken at which a false negative diagnosis would be made in 10 per cent of otosclerotic ears, a false positive diagnosis of otosclerosis would be made in 88 per cent of normal ears. If the level of compliance is taken at which a false positive diagnosis of otosclerosis would be made in 10 per cent of normal ears, 72 per cent of ears with otosclerosis would be considered normal.

It is concluded that tympanometry will not help to arrive at a diagnosis of otosclerosis.
The flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope
Authors: Lancer J. M. , Moir A. A.
Published: November 2007

An accurate, reliable, inexpensive and safe method for the examiniation of the upper aero-digestive tract is described. Its efficacy is evaluated retrospectively on 250 patients over an 18-month period.