bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nested Case-Control Studies With Multiple Measurements: Estimating Marginal Relationships
Authors: Sampson Joshua N. , Albert Paul S. , Purdue Mark P.
Published: May 2021

Background: We consider the analysis of nested, matched, case-control studies that have multiple biomarker measurements per individual. We propose a simple approach for estimating the marginal relationship between a biomarker measured at a single time point and the risk of an event. We know of no other standard software package that can perform such analyses while explicitly accounting for the matching. Results: We propose an application of conditional logistic regression (CLR) that can include all measurements and uses a robust variance estimator. We compare our approach to other methods such as performing CLR with only the first measurement, CLR with an average of all measurements, and Generalized Estimating Equations. In simulations, our approach is significantly more powerful than CLR with one measurement or an average of all measurements, and has similar to power to GEE but correctly accounts for the matching. We then apply our approach to the CLUE cohort to show that an increased level of the immune marker sCD27 is associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and, by evaluating the strength of the association as a function of time until diagnosis, that the an increased level is likely an effect of the disease as opposed to a cause of the disease. The approach can be implemented by the R function clogitRV available at https://github.com/sampsonj74/clogitRV.Conclusion: We offered an approach and software for analyzing matched case-control studies with multiple measurements. We demonstrated that these methods are accurate, precise, and statistically powerful.
The Construction and Analysis of ceRNA Network and Immune Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Deng Lugang , Qu Zhi , Wang Peixi , Liu Nan
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has the highest invasion, mortality and metastasis of the renal cell carcinomas and seriously affects patients’ quality of life. However, the composition of the immune microenvironment and regulatory mechanisms at transcriptomic level such as ceRNA of KIRC are still unclear.
Methods

We constructed a ceRNA network associated with KIRC by analyzing the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), miRNA and mRNA expression data of 506 tumor tissue samples and 71 normal adjacent tissue samples downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, we estimated the proportion of 22 immune cell types in these samples through “CIBERSORT”. Based on the ceRNA network and immune cells screened by univariate Cox analysis and Lasso regression, two nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with KIRC. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and calibration curves were employed to assess the discrimination and accuracy of the nomograms. Consequently, co-expression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between each prognostic gene in a Cox proportional hazards regression model of ceRNA and each survival-related immune cell in a Cox proportional hazards regression model of immune cell types to reveal the potential regulatory mechanism.
Results

We established a ceRNA network consisting of 12 lncRNAs, 25 miRNAs and 136 mRNAs. Two nomograms containing seven prognostic genes and two immune cells, respectively, were successfully constructed. Both ROC [Area Under Curves (AUCs) of 1, 3 and 5-year survival in the nomogram based on ceRNA network: 0.779, 0.747 and 0.772; AUCs of 1, 3 and 5-year survivals in nomogram based on immune cells: 0.603, 0.642 and 0.607] and calibration curves indicated good accuracy and clinical application value of both models. Through co-correlation analysis between ceRNA and immune cells, we found both LINC00894 and KIAA1324 were positively correlated with follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and negatively correlated with resting mast cells.
Conclusions

Based on the ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, we constructed two nomograms to predict the survival of KIRC patients and demonstrated their value in improving the personalized management of KIRC.
Comparative Study On Load Resistance of Eco-Friendly Interlocking Blocks For Sustainable Construction
Authors: Chunduri Venkata Veera Himakar , Khed Veerendrakumar C.
Published: May 2021

The rapid growth of contemporary construction industry has driven engineers to explore new construction techniques for sustainable development. Interlocking block wall construction reduces time, labour and enhances construction efficiency compared to conventional masonry wall construction. The interlocking pattern has been applied to the top and bottom surface of block to withstand gravity and lateral loads whereas current interlocking blocks only serve the purpose of easy alignment. In this study, eco-friendly blocks have been developed with industrial waste such as fly ash, quarry dust and geopolymer as binder. Tests to evaluate the compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence have been carried out on both traditional and geopolymer interlocking blocks. Later, on two blocks joint, in-plane vertical load has been applied and the same model is generated to validate the failure. Using numerical modelling, horizontal and vertical load resistance of interlocking block wall and traditional brick wall was compared. The experimental results show that, relative to traditional clay brick, the compressive strength of the geopolymer interlocking block was high but the absorption of water was low. The vertical load resistance is identical but horizontal load resistance was high in interlocking block wall. The interlocking geopolymer block was the best approach for environmental sustainability.
Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats
Authors: Amirinejad Ali , Totmaj Ali Saneei , Mardali Farzaneh , Hekmatdoost Azita , Emamat Hadi , Safa Majid , Shidfar Farzad
Published: May 2021

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach (HES) on hepatic and serum measurements of NAFLD in a rat model. Methods During the prevention phase, 18 Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the following regimens: a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet plus 400mg/kg HES, or a chow diet ad libitum for seven weeks. Before the treatment phase, NAFLD was induced in 24 rats. Afterwards, they were fed one of the following regimens: the same NAFLD-inducing diet, high-fat diet plus 400mg/kg HES, the chow diet, or chow diet plus 400mg/kg HES ad libitum for four weeks (n=6 in each group). Results Administration of HES combined with HF diet in rats was associated with decreased food intake (P< 0.01), weight loss (P=0.01), and increased SOD (P= 0.02) enzyme activity in the liver at the end of the prevention phase. hs-CRP (P< 0.05), PTX-3 (P< 0.05), PPAR-γ, and TNF-α gene expression in the liver were improved by spinach intake (P< 0.05), both in the prevention and treatment phases. Furthermore, administration of spinach in the treatment phase increased serum TAC (P=0.03) and hepatic GPX (P=0.01) enzyme activity. Conclusion Taking into account beneficial effects of HES on prevention and treatment of NAFLD observed in the present study, we propose that further human-based clinical investigations be conducted on subjects with NAFLD.
Old Does Not Necessarily Mean Worse: Standard 6-Week Chemoradiation For Elderly Patients (≥ 70 Years) With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Vaugier Loig , Ah-Thiane Loïc , Aumont Maud , Jouglar Emmanuel , Campone Mario , Colliard Camille , Doucet Ludovic , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Gourmelon Carole , Robert Marie , Martin Stéphane-André , Riem Tanguy , Roualdes Vincent , Campion Loïc , Mervoyer Augustin
Published: May 2021

IntroductionGlioblastoma (GBM) is frequent in elderly patients, but their frailty provokes debate regarding optimal treatment in general, and the standard 6-week chemoradiation in particular, although this is the mainstay for younger patients. MethodsAll patients with newly diagnosed GBM and age ≥ 70 who were referred to our institution for chemoradiation (RCT) were reviewed from 2004 to 2018. MGMT status was not available for treatment decision at that time. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), early adverse neurological events without neurological progression ≤ 1 month after RCT and temozolomide hematologic toxicity assessed by CTCAE v5. Results128 patients were included. The median age was 74.1 (IQR: 72-77). 15% of patients were ≥80 years. 62.5% and 37.5% of patients fulfilled the criteria for RPA class I-II and III-IV, respectively. 81% of patients received the entire RCT and 28% completed the maintenance temozolomide. With median follow-up of 11.7 months (IQR: 6.5-17.5), median OS was 11.7 months (CI95%: 10-13 months). Median PFS was 9.5 months (CI95%: 9-10.5 months). 8% of patients experienced grade ≥3 hematologic events. 52.5% of patients without neurological progression had early adverse neurological events. Post-operative neurological disabilities and age ≥80 were not associated with worsened outcomes. Conclusions6-week chemoradiation was feasible for “real-life” elderly patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, even in the case of post-operative neurological disabilities.
HIV-1 Suppresses Notch-1 Expression in HPV-16+ CaSki Cells for Cancer Progression
Authors: DSouza Serena Judith , Mane Arati , Patil Linata , Shaikh Aazam , Thakar Madhuri , Saxena Vandana , Abadi Leila Fotooh , Godbole Sheela , Kulkarni Smita , Gangakhedkar Raman , Shastry Padma , Panda Samiran
Published: May 2021

Background

High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPV) recurrently infect women having Human Immunodeficiency Virus − 1 (HIV-1)infection. Transforming HPV E6 and E7 genes promote invasive cancers and interact with Notch-1receptor. Concomitantly, HIV-1 Tat binds to EGF motifs within the Notch-1extracellular domain. HR-HPV infection activates Notch-1 signalling. Permissive HIV-1entry into the cervix is allowed. Notch-1 inhibitors may offer solace to the aggressive cancer phenotype in HIV-1 positive women. Still, the molecular cross talk between different oncogenes within the Notch-1pathway during HIV-1/HPV-16 + co-infections has not been elucidated.
Methods

Adherent cervical tumor derived cell lines-CaSki cell line (with inherent HPV16+ sequence and endogenous Notch-1 activity) and C33A cell line (cervical cancer phenotype, HPV -ve for HPV DNA and RNA) were used. Plasmids (pLEGFPN1 encoding HIV-1 Tat and pNL 4 − 3 encoding HIV-1(full HIV-1 genome), were transfected at 600 ng/mL into the above mentioned cell lines, in order to examine independent effects of HIV-1 Tat and HIV-1 transfection in HPV-16+ cervical cancer cells. We performed western blotting, cell cycle analysis and RT-qPCR post transfection. Three sets of independent experiments were analyzed by Graph Pad Prism 5. Statistical significance was calculated using Student t -test. Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). p values ≤ 0.05* were considered statistically significant.
Results

HIV-1 Tat and HIV-1 inhibited Notch-1expression, with differential effects on EGFR when comparing C33A and CaSki cell lines. CDK2 induction in Tat transfected CaSki cells, showed concomitant G0/G1 phase accumulation favouring cancer progression. Notch-1 inhibition shut off significant Cyclin D expression with a significant p21 induction and increased G2-M cell population in CaSki cells. On the contrary, HIV-1 infection utilized Hes-1-EGFR-CyclinD-p21axis, G2-M arrest, DDR response and cancer progression.
Conclusion

Our study highlights for the first time that HIV-1 Tat and/or HIV-1 driven cancers in HPV-16+ CaSki cells, show Notch-1 suppression and CDK2 dependent activity. HIV-1 Tat activates Hes-1 amplifying the EGFR gene which improves the aggressive state possibly through irreversible oxidative-stress induced senescence. HIV-1, favours cancer progression through its CXCR4 receptor, responsible for unbridled mitosis, G2-M arrest and damaged DNA response (DDR). Treatment of CaSki cells with a Notch-1 inhibitor, DAPT showed marginal recovery in p21expression with Go/G1 and S phase recovery.
Examining Health Facility Financing in Kenya in the Context of Devolution
Authors: Kairu Angela , Orangi Stacey , Mbuthia Boniface , Ondera Joanne , Ravishankar Nirmala , Barasa Edwine
Published: May 2021

Background: How health facilities are financed affects their performance and health system goals. We examined how health facilities in the public sector are financed in Kenya, within the context of a devolved health system.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in five purposely selected counties in Kenya, using a mixed methods approach. We collected data using document reviews and in-depth interviews (no=20). In each county, we interviewed county department of health managers and health facility managers from two and one purposely selected public hospitals and health center respectively. We analyzed qualitive data using thematic analysis and conducted descriptive analysis of quantitative data.Results: Planning and budgeting: Planning and budgeting processes by hospitals and health centers were not standardized across counties. Budgets were not transparent and credible, but rather were regarded as “wish lists” since they did not translate to actual resources. Sources of funds: Public hospitals relied on user fees, while health centers relied on donor funds as their main sources of funding. Funding flows: Hospitals in four of the five study counties had no financial autonomy. Health centers in all study counties had financial autonomy. Flow of funds to hospitals and health centers in all study counties was characterized by unpredictability of amounts and timing. Health facility expenditure: Staff salaries accounted for over 80% of health facility expenditure. This crowded out other expenditure and led to frequent stock outs of essential health commodities. Conclusion: The national and county government should consider improving health facility financing in Kenya by 1) standardizing budgeting and planning processes, 2) transitioning public facility financing away from a reliance on user fees and donor funding 3) reforming public finance management laws and carry out political engagement to facilitate direct facility financing and financial autonomy of public hospitals, and 4) assess health facility resource needs to guide appropriate levels resource allocation.
High-Content Analysis of MicroRNAs Facilitates the Development of Combinatorial Therapies for Vascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jian , Starkuviene Vytaute , Erfle Holger , Wang Zhaohui , Gunkel Manuel , Sticht Carsten , Kan Kejia , Gretz Norbert , Rahbari Nuh , Keese Michael
Published: May 2021

In response to vascular injury vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) alternate between a differentiated (contractile) and a dedifferentiated (synthetic) state or phenotype. Although parts of the signaling cascade regulating the phenotypic switch have been described, little is known on the role of miRNAs involved. To systematically address this issue, we have established a microscopy-based quantitative assay and identified 23 miRNAs that induced contractile phenotypes when over-expressed. These were then correlated to miRNAs identified from RNA-sequencing when comparing cells in the contractile and synthetic states. Using both approaches, six miRNAs (miR-132-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-22-3p) were filtered as candidates that induce the phenotypic switch from synthetic to contractile. To identify potentially common regulatory mechanisms of these six miRNAs, their predicted targets were compared with five miRNAs sharing ZBTB20, ZNF704, and EIF4EBP2 as common potential targets and four miRNAs sharing 16 common potential targets. The interaction network consisting of these 19 targets and additional 18 hub targets were created to facilitate validation of miRNA-mRNA interactions by suggesting the most plausible pairs. Furthermore, the information on drug candidates was integrated into the network to predict novel combinatorial therapies that encompass the complexity of miRNAs-mediated regulation. This is the first study that combines phenotypic screening approach with RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to systematically identify miRNAs-mediated pathways and to identify potential drug candidates to positively influence the phenotypic switch of VSMCs.
Study on the Kinematic characteristics of different level jumpers squatting and jumping under different ground
Authors: Hewen Hua
Published: May 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the kinematic differences of different level jumping athletes in the process of squatting on different ground, and to reveal the biomechanical mechanism of the effect of squatting on different ground on training effect.Methods: The subjects were 11 first-class and above jumping athletes (excellent group) and 11 second-class athletes (ordinary group). The kinematic data were photographed by SONYDCRHC52E high-speed camera with a sampling frequency of 50 frames per second, and the data were analyzed by SIMI-Motion three-dimensional motion analysis system. The subjects squatted and jumped on four kinds of ground (force platform, balance pad, gymnastics pad and sand) with their hands on their hips.Results: In the intra-group analysis, it was found that the athletes of different levels squatted and jumped on four different kinds of ground, but there was no significant difference only on the balance pad and gymnastics mat (excellent group p=0.344, ordinary group p=1). In the inter-group analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between different levels of athletes in balance pad (p=0.043) and sand (p=0.02). In the buffering stage of squatting jump, there was no significant difference in the buffering angle displacement of lower limb joints of different athletes on different ground. In the stage of pedal and extension, the angular displacement of ankle on the middle platform of the excellent group was significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.014), gymnastics pad (p=0.017) and sand (p=0.013), but in the ordinary group, the ankle angular displacement of the middle platform was only significantly different from that of the gymnastics pad (p= 0.048) and sand (p=0.017), but not significantly different from that of the balance pad (p=0.166). The maximum angular velocity of hip joint of athletes of different levels was significantly different among different ground groups. The maximum angular velocity of ankle joint of common group was significantly different in force platform and sand (p=0.032), gymnastics mat and sand (p=0.008), but there was no significant difference in balance pad.Conclusion: Different places have great influence on the ordinary group, and on the ground with lower elastic coefficient, the maximum angular velocity of the ankle joint in the ordinary group is much smaller than that in the excellent group, which indicates that the rapid contractile ability of ankle muscles in the ordinary group is poor on the ground with low elastic coefficient. When squatting and jumping on the ground with lower elastic coefficient, the excellent group has better body control and coordination and lower joint energy loss, which makes the jumping effect better, while the ordinary group squats and jumps on the ground with low elastic coefficient and unstable ground. the jumping effect is poor.
The Jekyll and Hyde case of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) in the management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on tomato plants under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Wari David , Saito Takeshi , Takagi Motonori , Okada Ryo , Miyamoto Takuya , Tezuka Toshiyuki , Shimoda Masami , Ogawara Takashi
Published: May 2021

The rise of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) as a natural enemy of various greenhouse pests in protected systems is widely reported around the globe, mainly in the Mediterranean basin, Asia, and North and Central America. In-vitro studies on improving its growth and reproduction using artificial and factitious diets, and banker plants for its breeding and propagation, and the use of violet-light (LEDs) as the attraction mechanism are well established. However, field studies are lacking in integrating these biological control components to promote N. tenuis predation on greenhouse pests. First, we performed toxicity assays in-vitro and in field conditions. Results revealed that neonicotinoids and spinosyns were toxic to N. tenuis. Avermectins & milbemycins, pyridine azomethine derivatives and diamides, in contrast, were less to moderately toxic against N. tenuis but toxic to Bemisia tabaci, a known, widespread greenhouse pest. Field tests under greenhouse conditions were performed to evaluate the role of violet-LEDs in relocating N. tenuis from banker plants to tomato plants and their augmentative effect on the densities of B. tabaci. Results showed that the movement of N. tenuis from banker plants to tomato plants was accelerated when supplemented with violet-LEDs. The accelerated resettlement of N. tenuis on tomato plants aided by selective pesticides significantly reduced B. tabaci egg, nymph and adult densities, densities that were relatively the same compared to those of the greenhouse with conventional pest control strategies. Overall, comparable outcomes in managing a pest are possible when biological control agents are integrated with environmentally safe and cost-effective approaches.
Microarray analysis of novel genes involved in HSV-2 infection
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Tao
Published: May 2021

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infects the body and becomes an incurable and recurring disease. The pathogenesis of HSV-2 infection is not completely clear.Methods: We analyze the GSE18527 dataset in the GEO database in this paper to obtain distinctively displayed genes(DDGs)in the total sequential RNA of the biopsies of normal and lesioned skin groups, healed skin and lesioned skin groups of genital herpes patients, respectively.The related data of 3 cases of normal skin group, 4 cases of lesioned group and 6 cases of healed group were analyzed.The histospecific gene analysis , functional enrichment and protein interaction network analysis of the differential genes were also performed, and the critical components were selected.Results: 40 up-regulated genes and 43 down-regulated genes were isolated by differential performance assay.Histospecific gene analysis of DDGs suggested that the most abundant system for gene expression was the skin, immune system and the nervous system.Through the construction of core gene combinations, protein interaction network analysis and selection of histospecific distribution genes, 17 associated genes were selected：CXCL10,MX1,ISG15,IFIT1,IFIT3,IFIT2,OASL,ISG20,RSAD2,GBP1,IFI44L,DDX58,USP18,CXCL11,GBP5,GBP4 and CXCL9.The above genes are mainly located in the skin, immune system, nervous system and reproductive system.Conclusion:This paper elucidates an effective approach for a new mechanism of HSV-2 infection, and the molecular mechanism of the selected core genes in the process of HSV-2 infection requires future experimental studies.
Integration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy into the ERAS protocol for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Bao Yang , Dai Xin , Zhao Deming , Ye Xin , Yao Yao , Kong Lingling , Gui Yang , Gao Qihong
Published: May 2021

Objective

We integrated neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) into the protocol for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in the management of gastric cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of this combined approach.
Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with gastric cancer undergoing cancer treatment at our Department from January 2016 to June 2019. All patients were compliant with the ERAS protocol perioperatively and were divided into an ERAS group and an ERAS + NAC group for the study. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: TNM staging, the choice of the surgical approach, estimated blood loss, operating time, placement of drainage and catheter, the volume of fluid resuscitation in surgery, the volume of fluid resuscitation on the first postoperative day, time to postoperative ambulation, time to first postoperative flatulence, time to first clear liquid diet, time to puree and soft food diet, time of catheter removal, length of hospitalization after surgery, length of hospitalization, complications, mortality, and 30-day readmission rate.
Results

This study involved 198 patients who were separated into an ERAS group with 143 patients and an ERAS + NAC group with 55 patients. In comparison with the ERAS group, patients in the ERAS + NAC group were not only pathologically diagnosed with later TNM-stage cancers but were also more likely to undergo total gastrectomy. Further comparison revealed no significant differences in all perioperative parameters related to ERAS. In the ERAS group, the length of hospitalization after surgery was 7.5 ± 5.4 days with a range of 3 to 50 days, the length of hospitalization was 12.5 ± 5.5 days with a range of 9 to 56 days, the incidence rate of complications was 11.2%, and the 30-day readmission rate was zero. In the ERAS + NAC group, the LOHAS was 6.9 ± 3.2 days (4–16 days), the LOH was 11.8 ± 3.1 days (5–21 days), and the complication rate was 10.9%. Both groups had zero 30-day readmission rates and zero deaths.
Conclusion

The ERAS protocol can be feasibly and effectively applied to gastric cancer patients with later TNM stages. Moreover, NAC can be integrated into the ERAS protocol for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
2020 Annual Demographic Survey of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Nurse Specialists
Authors: Williams Susan , Tsui David , Zeppel Dr Melanie
Published: May 2021

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurological disorder after dementia in Australia (Deloitte, 2015). The complexities of caring for a person with Parkinson’s disease highlights the need for Parkinson’s disease and movement disorder nurse specialists (PDMDNS) (Bramble, Carroll, & Rossiter, 2018).

The Australasian Neuroscience Nurses Association’s (ANNA) Movement Disorder Chapter (MDC) aims to implement an annual demographic survey over the next 10 years to capture the characteristics of the PDMDNS cohort, identify gaps in service provision and aid the workforce planning through useful and influential data.

The results of this survey were able to highlight the geographical areas that are underserviced, the diverse employment opportunities available and the issues around financial funding for PDMDNS positions in Australia.
Specific roles of sodium for the formation process of manganese-substituted octacalcium phosphate
Authors: Sugiura Yuki , Horie Masanori , Tsuchiya Akira , Makita Yoji
Published: May 2021

In the field of biomaterials, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and biocompatible elements doped with OCP-based materials are attractive materials for new bone substitution because they could be used to control the bone remodeling process in patients with bone diseases. Manganese (Mn) might be a good substitutional element candidate because of its regulation process of bone remodeling for controlling osteo-cellular activities. However, Mn strongly inhibits OCP formation. This study demonstrates that the sodium (Na)-induced OCP formation enhancing the HPO4-OH layer structure of the OCP can overcome this Mn inhibition effect. The Mn-substituted OCP can be fabricated from the coexisting solutions of Na and Mn. The results show that the Mn-substituted OCP-induced Na (OCP-Mn,Na) showed a 4.7° peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern. The sub-peaks at 9.2° and 9.7° of the OCP disappeared, but an extra peak at 9.3° was observed. The thermal stability of the OCP-Mn,Na was significantly lower than that of the conventional OCP because the layer structure of the OCP-Mn,Na decomposed above ~70 °C. This ionic conjugation to Mn is a unique phenomenon for Na, unlike other cations.
Efficacy of dulaglutide: an evidence-based review of its potential indications
Authors: Biryukova E. V. , Solovyeva I. V.
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the biggest noncontagious epidemic in human history. This review is addressing an urgent challenge of modern healthcare - the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Key attention is paid to the prevention of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes complications and the need to manage risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are the leading cause of high mortality rates in people with type 2 diabetes. The clinical trials (CT) of recent decades contributed to the build-up of a solid evidence base on the effect of various antihyperglycemic drugs on the development of diabetic complications and outcomes in patients with T2DM. Also, the emergence of innovative classes of antihyperglycemic drugs have significantly expanded the potential of T2DM therapy. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of glucose-lowering drugs that affect many pathogenetic mechanisms of T2DM and have a high safety profile. Creation of extended-release forms of GLP-1 RAs is an important step in the treatment of T2DM. Dulaglutide (Trulicity) has become the first GLP-1 RA for the treatment of T2DM (2016) authorized in Russia that can be used once weekly without regard to timing of food ingestion, which contributes to high compliance with treatment. The evidence base on the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide is continuously expanding. The authors paid attention to the issues of cardiovascular safety of the administration of dulaglutide, discussed the main results of REWIND study, and brought up a problem about the expediency of an earlier initiation of primary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of the REWIND study made it possible to recommend the inclusion of GLP-1 RAs into the therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors with a view to get additional advantages in terms of life prognosis.
DOPANT EFFECT ON PHENALENE BANDGAP CONTROL: A HÜCKEL MOLECULAR ORBITAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Irham Muhammad , Anrokhi Mohamad , Anggraini Yunita , Sutjahja Inge
Published: May 2021

In this study, we investigate the effects of nitrogen and boron dopants on the properties of phenalene/phenalenyl systems based on the Hückel theory by using the Hueckel Molecular Orbital software. The dopants configurations are graphitic, pyridinic, and pyrrolic. The electronic configuration of bare phenalene confirms the delocalization of π electrons and the radical properties of the molecule, which is in good agreement with the results of previous studies. Dopant types and positions strongly affect the number of π electrons in the system, molecular orbital energy, total energy, average π-electron energy, and gap energy. The molecular energy level degeneracy strongly depends on the rotational symmetry of the system, in the order of graphitic, pyridinic, and pyrrolic. A preserved radical behavior and the number of π electrons are found for the pyridinic dopant type, while closed electronic configuration is observed for graphitic and pyrrolic types. A lower gap energy is typically found for B-doped phenalene compared to that for N-doped phenalene; this opens the possibility for the enhancement of photoluminescence intensity. This study, although qualitative, confirms the effects of dopants on the chemical and physical properties of phenalene/phenalenyl systems.
Synthesis, Structure Determination and Catalytic Activity of a Novel Ruthenium(II) [RuCl(dppb)(44bipy)(4-pic)]PF6 Complex
Authors: da Silveira Rafael , Higuera-Padilla Angel , da Cunha Beatriz , de Araujo Neto João , Catão Anderson , Colnago Luiz , Castellano Eduardo , Batista Alzir
Published: May 2021

This work reports the synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of a novel ruthenium(II) complex, [RuCl(dppb)(44bipy)(4-pic)]PF6 (where dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane; 44bipy = 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-dipyridyl; 4-pic = 4-picoline). The molecular structure and catalytic activity were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography, while the electronic structure was investigated by density-functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods. Electrochemical studies showed the substitution of the chlorido ligand from the precursor by the 4-pic ligand, exhibiting the RuII/RuIII process at 1.21 V. The structure of the compound was optimized using DFT simulations and showed data similar to the X-ray structure. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed a good agreement with TD-DFT simulations. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were determined at the Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level. The study of the catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones by the 1H NMR showed efficient transfer hydrogenation reaction at 60 ºC, employing acetophenone as substrate and resulting in a high conversion. The formation of two ruthenium-hydride species was observed.
Efectividad del programa de atención domiciliaria en el cuidado de úlceras por presión
Authors: Franco Valdez Yohanna Ivette , Gonzales Saldaña Susan Haydee
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias sobre la efectividad del programa de atención domiciliaria en el cuidado de úlceras por presión. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión Sistemática observacional y retrospectivo, la búsqueda se ha restringido a artículos con texto completo, y los artículos seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica, utilizando la evaluación de GRADE para identificar su grado de evidencia. Resultados: En la selección definitiva se eligieron 10 artículos, encontramos con un 30% encontramos a Brasil, 20% corresponden a España y Chile, mientras que con un 10% encontramos a, Argentina, Costa rica y México respectivamente. Han sido estudiados en su mayoría las Revisiones sistemáticas, con un 30%, un 10% de Meta análisis y 10% estudio clínico experimental, principalmente en los países de España, Brasil y Costa rica. Entre los estudios cuantitativos descriptivos encontramos a los países de Brasil y Chile, con un 20%, con un 10% tenemos a estudios cuantitativo transversales perteneciente a Brasil, con un 10% tenemos el estudio de cohorte perteneciente a México y un descriptivo observacional perteneciente a España. Donde del total de artículos analizados el 100% afirma que los cuidados en ulceras por presión son efectivos en atención domiciliaria. Conclusión: Se evidenció en las investigaciones revisadas que existe efectividad de la atención domiciliaria en el cuidado de úlceras por presión. Se mostró efectividad y calidad en gestión domiciliaria y rehabilitación oportuna de las personas con Úlceras por Presión, aportando al desarrollo y visibilidad disciplinar.
ESTADO FÍSICO Y ACTITUD HACIA EL ESTUDIO. CASO ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL TECNOLÓGICA DE LIMA SUR
Authors: Villavicencio Torres Luis Max
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar el estado físico y la actitud general hacia el estudio en los estudiantes de primer y segundo ciclo de cinco carreras de estudios de la Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur. Materiales y método: La investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, descriptivo y de tipo correlacional. Este estudio se realizó por 428 estudiantes de primero y segundo ciclo de cinco carreras de estudios en una universidad nacional tecnológica de Lima Sur. El cuestionario que se utilizó para esta muestra es de hábitos y técnicas de Estudio – CHTE que consta de 16 ítems. Resultados: La carrera de Administración de Empresas presenta los promedios más altos de estado físico y actitud general hacia el estudio. En la universidad, la correlación entre el estado físico y la actitud general hacia el estudio es directamente proporcional y significativa (R = 0,219; p < 0,01). Conclusiones: Existe una relación significativa entre el estado físico y la actitud general hacia el estudio en los estudiantes de primer y segundo ciclo de cinco carreras de la Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur.
TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS EN EMPRESAS DEL RUBRO TEXTIL EN SAN JUAN DE LURIGANCHO
Authors: Morán Paredes Gladys Ivonne , Chero Pacheco Victor Humberto , Paredes Milla Gladys , Emilio Javier Martín Gonzalo
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar el proceso de tratamiento de residuos en las empresas del rubro textil en San Juan de Lurigancho. Materiales y métodos: Se consideró la investigación básica, descriptiva y diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por diez empresas del rubro textil en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, seleccionadas por muestreo no probabilístico. Se identificó el tratamiento de residuos en las empresas del rubro textil en San Juan de Lurigancho mediante instrumentos de recolección de datos (Cuestionario) y el análisis de datos por medio de parámetros estadísticos descriptivos. Resultados: Fue evidente la no existencia de un adecuado proceso de tratamiento de residuos en las empresas, lo cual implica la falta de información respecto a la normatividad, en la mayoría de empresas (70%); inadecuadas estrategias de identificación del lugar de origen de residuos, en la mayoría de empresas (70%); deficiente manipulación, en la totalidad de empresas (100%) e inadecuado control final de residuos, en la mayoría de empresas (80%), una vez que estos salen fuera de los establecimientos. Conclusión: El tratamiento de residuos no se desarrolla de manera eficiente en las empresas, debido a la falta de control respecto a procedimientos para reducir el efecto negativo de contaminantes.
VALORACIÓN DEL RIESGO FAMILIAR EN FAMILIAS CON NIÑOS CON ANEMIA EN UNA POBLACIÓN MARGINAL EN LIMA NORTE
Authors: Matta Solis Hernan Hugo , Mascaro Sánchez Pedro
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Determinar la valoración del riesgo familiar en familias con niños con anemia en una población marginal en Lima Norte. Materiales y métodos: El enfoque de este estudio fue cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo-transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 197 jefes de familias que tenían como integrante al menos un niño menor de cinco años con anemia. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento de medición fue el Cuestionario RFT 5:33. Resultados: En cuanto a los participantes, la edad mínima fue 18 años y máxima 48 años, siendo la edad media 23,66 años. En relación al grado de anemia en niños menor de 5 años, predomino el nivel leve con 56,9% (n=112), seguido del moderado con un 39,6% (n=78). De acuerdo al riesgo familiar total, predominaron las familias con riesgo bajo 56,9% (n=112), seguido de las familias amenazadas con un 39,6% (n=78) y familias con riesgo alto con 3,6% (n=7). En cuanto a las dimensiones, en servicios y prácticas de salud predomino familias amenazadas con 89,3% (n=176); seguido de las dimensiones condiciones de vivienda y vecindario, situación socioeconómica y manejo de menores, donde prevaleció las familias amenazadas con 87,8% (n=173) en los tres casos. Finalmente, en condiciones psicoafectivas predomino las familias amenazadas con 84,3% (n=166). Conclusiones: En cuanto al riesgo familiar predomino el riesgo familiar bajo. En cuanto a las dimensiones, en todas predominaron las familias amenazadas.
To Vaccinate or not to Vaccinate; That is the Question! (New
Insights into COVID-19 Vaccination)
Authors: El-Nakeep Sarah
Published: May 2021

Aim:

This mini-review of literature aimed to discuss the obstacles and
benefits of vaccination in the era of the current pandemic, either the COVID-19 vaccines,
which are on their way to be released, or the influenza vaccines, regarding which much
debate is ongoing concerning their effectiveness for ameliorating the severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:

A literature search was done till November 2020 in the PubMed
database.

Results:

Pathophysiology behind the COVID-19 vaccination, the related obstacles and
future perspectives are discussed in detail. Discussion on influenza vaccination during
the pandemic, along with the most recent guidelines, is also presented.

Conclusions:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza vaccination is mandatory for all
individuals, provided that there are no contraindications. Three SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
are being released till the time being, while FDA approval for monoclonal antibodies for
the treatment of at-risk outpatients to lower hospitalization rates is ongoing.
BASIC CONDITIONS AND STAGES OF RAISING CONDITIONAL OBLIGATIONS IN RUSSIAN CIVIL LEGISIATION
Authors:   L.S. Shestakova East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Shestakova L.S.
Published: May 2021

The article considers the process of formation of the institute of conditioning in Russian legislation since the 19th century. Certain aspects of making court decisions on compensation for damage due to unjustified enrichment in pre-revolutionary Russia are covered. The author analyzed the legislation of Russia in the prerevolutionary periods, the Soviet and modern period in the field of conditioning obligations, which made it possible to form the main concepts, signs, factors and conditions for their emergence. Before the introduction of a separate chapter in the Civil Code of the RSFSR of 1922, devoted to obligations arising from unjustified enrichment, this issue was not regulated by law, court decisions were made on the basis of law governing similar legal relations. In the development of civil law, the question arose of distinguishing conditional obligations from related civil law institutions. For this purpose, the grounds and conditions for the emergence of obligations due to unreasonable enrichment were determined.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE LIMITS OF POWERS OF LEGISLATORS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SUBJECTS IN IMPROVING SOCIAL LEGISLATION
Authors:   D. P. Gevorkyan Dagestan State University, Gevorkyan D. P.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of determining the scope of legislative powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the sphere of implementing the principles of the social state and the social rights of citizens. Taking into account the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, introduced in July 2020, which guarantee “targeted social support of citizens and the indexation of social benefits and other social benefits”, it is necessary to monitor current legislation and judicial practice in the social sphere. In the Republic of Daghestan, a fairly active formation of social legislation began in 2004, in recent years, judicial practice has also developed. The article examines a number of legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Daghestan and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which must be taken into account in further law-making work on the formation of social legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In particular, the legislators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of establishing social support measures for certain categories of citizens at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation are not entitled to restrict the rights of persons who are established these support measures, in terms of introducing additional conditions for their provision
POLITICAL and LEGAL ACTIVITY of DEPUTIES of the NORTH CAUCASUS IN the STATE DUMA of the RUSSIAN EMPIRE in the EARLY twentieth Century
Authors:   M.M. Aybatov Dagestan State University, Aybatov M.M.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the political and legal activity of the deputies of the North Caucasus in the early XX century, during the formation and activity of the State Duma. It is noted that the tsarist administration, modernizing the state-political system of the country, could not ignore the multinational and multi-confessional nature of the Russian state and therefore tried to take into account these features of the Russian state-political system. The article concludes that the involvement of regional MPs in political and legal activities of the first legislature (State Duma) at the beginning of the XX century has allowed to bring to the attention of Central government authorities, the main problems of the North Caucasus region and provides a process for the integration of national and regional elites in the Russian political elite to pinpoint the positions of North Caucasian elites in the political space of the Russian state. But many legislative initiatives put forward by the deputies of the North Caucasus did not find support from the government authorities and their decisions were ostponed indefinitely
SOME CONTROVERSIAL PROVISIONS OF THE PARTICIPATION OF THE DEFENDER IN THE EVIDENCE IN A CRIMINAL CASE
Authors:   T. B. Ramazanov Dagestan State University, Ramazanov T. B. , Magomaev M. M. ,   M. M. Magomaev Dagestan State University
Published: May 2021

In the article, the principle of competition and equality of the parties and the principle of comprehensiveness, completeness and objectivity in criminal proceedings are analyzed from the point of view of the powers and real capabilities of a lawyer participating as a defender in a criminal case. The code of criminal procedure of the Russian Federation, granting the defender the right to collect evidence, at the same time does not provide real opportunities for checking and evaluating evidence. Investigators often reject the defense lawyer's requests to attach material evidence to the case and appoint an expert study in order to determine the source of its receipt. In the Arsenal of the investigator there are not only procedural opportunities to find the source of evidence, but also the possibility of operational and investigative nature. In practice, the interaction of the investigator and the defense lawyer in pre-trial proceedings does not take into account the weaknesses of the defense party. The actual inequality of the parties should be specifically compensated by providing procedural benefits to the defense party, as the weaker one, by introducing additional rights and guarantees. The defence must be provided with the rights and opportunities to defend its position in equal measure with the prosecution.
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF ARBITRATION COURTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   V. T. Azizova Dagestan State University, Azizova V. T. , Zakarieva A. K. ,   A. K. Zakarieva Dagestan State University
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the issues studied in this article is due to the need for scientific understanding of the process of organizing and operating arbitration courts, which is associated, on the one hand, with the practical problems of transforming the judicial branch of government in general and the functioning of the system of arbi-tration courts of the Russian Federation, in particular, and on the other, with theoretical problems related to methodological support for further judicial reform. A study of the organization and activities of arbitral tribunals reveals the following most problematic as-pects: issues of distinguishing the competence of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction, distinguish-ing jurisdiction between arbitration and arbitration courts in the Russian Federation, the participation of arbitration assessors in the arbitration courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the problems of conducting arbitration proceedings in cases of administrative offenses, the procedure for arbitration courts to consider tax disputes, especially the consideration by the arbitration court of insolvency (bankruptcy) cases, the use of electronic document management in arbitration proceedings. The article analyzes the issues of the division of jurisdiction between arbitration and arbitration courts in the Russian Federation, as well as problematic aspects of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of persons engaged in entrepreneurial and other permitted economic activities, helping to strengthen the rule of law and prevent offenses in the field of entrepreneurial and other economic activities in order to develop partnership business relations, the formation of customs and ethics of business turnover.