bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teoretické a praktické aspekty spojené se správou justice
Authors: Šámal Pavel , Deáková Katarína
Published: October 2017

Článek pojednává o teoretických a praktických aspektech spojených se správou justice. Po nastínění teoretických modelů správy soudnictví je podrobněji rozebrána podoba ministerského modelu fungujícího v Spolkové republice Německo a je poukázáno na negativní zkušenosti s fungováním soudních rad na Slovensku a v Maďarsku. Další část příspěvku analyzuje jednotlivé aspekty správy justice v České republice a v souvislosti s tím upozorňuje na nedostatky a úskalí současného modelu. Přestože absence Nejvyšší rady soudnictví nemusí představovat strukturální nedostatek systému, orgán typu Nejvyšší rady soudnictví podílející se na správě soudnictví, jehož působnost, odpovídající struktura a způsob ustavení jsou přesně vymezeny, může být vhodným aktérem k řešení nedostatků české justice. V závěru se článek zaměřuje na aspekty vytvoření a uspořádání nejvyšší rady soudnictví v České republice.
Zdravotní stav coby důvod ochrany cizince
Authors: Hájek Michal
Published: October 2017

Faktor zdravotního stavu je jedním z klíčových aspektů ovlivňujících migraci. Na straně jedné fakticky předurčuje, zda cizinec vůbec bude ochoten či schopen odejít ze země původu, na straně druhé ovšem stejně tak hraje roli tehdy, má-li se cizinec do země původu navrátit. V případech vážně nemocných cizinců je pak dokonce nutné zvažovat, zda nucené navrácení cizince či neposkytnutí mezinárodní ochrany mohou představovat porušení zásady non-refoulement. Tento příspěvek se pokouší analyzovat vývoj judikatury Evropského soudu pro lidská práva, Soudního dvora Evropské unie a Nejvyššího správního soudu k této problematice.
Suporte social de gestantes com HIV: revisão narrativa
Authors: Quadros Jacqueline Silveira de , Hausen Camila Freitas , Reis Thamiza Laureany da Rosa dos , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: Identificar, na produção científica, as fontes e repercussões de suporte social das gestantes com HIV. Método: Revisão narrativa nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health e SciVerse Scopus. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu em fevereiro de 2016, quando foram incluídos 20 estudos submetidos à análise temática com categorização teórica de suporte social (instrumental e emocional). Resultados: As principais fontes do suporte instrumental foram: participação em programas de prevenção, acolhimento e educação em saúde pela equipe; e do suporte emocional foram o companheiro, amigos, familiares e Deus. As principais repercussões foram na revelação do diagnóstico e adesão à profilaxia da transmissão vertical. Conclusão: A falta de articulação entre as fontes de suporte social pode implicar no abandono dos cuidados em saúde materno e infantil.
Visita aberta em uti adulto: utopia ou realidade?
Authors: Eugênio Cláudia Severgnini , Souza Emiliane Nogueira de
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: refletir acerca da implementação de políticas de visitação aberta em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) adulto. Método: estudo teórico-reflexivo a partir da revisão da literatura, dividido em três categorias: a caracterização da visita aberta no Brasil e mundo; a percepção do paciente, da equipe e dos familiares; a influência da visitação aberta sobre os desfechos clínicos. Resultados: a implementação da visita aberta é uma realidade, já instituída em alguns serviços no Brasil e no mundo, que necessita de apoio por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no processo de cuidado. A inserção dos familiares nas UTIs pode minimizar os desconfortos vivenciados pelas famílias e pacientes durante a internação, desde que associada ao acolhimento e comunicação efetivos da equipe assistencial. Considerações finais: os pacientes internados em UTI passam por situações de estresse e ansiedade. Assim, a inclusão da família deve ser considerada no seu plano terapêutico por meio da visitação aberta.
Práticas de biossegurança de profissionais de saúde nos cuidados ao indivíduo com HIV
Authors: Angelim Rebeca Coelho de Moura , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva , Brandão Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo , Freire Daniela De Aquino , Marques Sérgio Corrêa , Oliveira Denize Cristina de
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: identificar as práticas profissionais de biossegurança nos cuidados às pessoas que vivem com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (aids). Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 46 profissionais de saúde. Foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada e a análise ocorreu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: os profissionais demonstraram ter conhecimento sobre a utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI), evidenciando uma frequência no uso de acordo com a categoria profissional, tipo de contato e procedimento. Frente à necessidade ambulatorial, os equipamentos mais utilizados e citados foram máscara, luva, gorro e capote. Conclusão: ficou evidente que os profissionais realizam a biossegurança de forma consciente e isto pode ser refletido positivamente no cuidado realizado, tanto na proteção dos pacientes quanto dos profissionais, ou seja, no cuidado do outro e de si.
Práticas sexuais, uso do preservativo e testagem para o hiv entre graduandos de enfermagem
Authors: Spindola Thelma , Fonte Vinícius Rodrigues Fernandes da , Martins Elizabeth Rose Costa , Francisco Márcio Tadeu Ribeiro , Sodré Carolina Passos , Oliveira Claudia Silvia Rocha
Published: October 2017

Resumo: Objetivo: identificar as práticas sexuais, o uso do preservativo e a realização do teste diagnóstico para infecção pelo human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entre graduandos de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa e amostra por conveniência. O cenário foram duas instituições de ensino superior localizadas no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os participantes foram 250 graduandos de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada com auxílio de um questionário, durante os meses de abril de 2013 a abril de 2014. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: 73,6% dos participantes relataram ter relações sexuais, 58,2% fazem sexo de forma segura sempre, 50,6% utilizam preservativos em relações estáveis, 89,1% usam preservativos com parceiros(as) casuais e 44,8% realizaram o teste diagnóstico para HIV. Conclusão: é preciso investir em educação em saúde junto aos graduandos de enfermagem para que adotem condutas sexuais preventivas frente ao HIV.
Percepção dos usuários acerca do atendimento no centro de atenção psicossocial III
Authors: Clementino Francisco De Sales , Silva Flávia Gomes , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Queiroz Débora Tayná Gomes , Pessoa Júnior João Mário , Marcolino Emanuella De Castro
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: analisar a percepção dos usuários atendidos no CAPS III sobre o atendimento prestado pelos profissionais de saúde neste serviço. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada entre novembro de 2015 e maio de 2016 no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Foi utilizado um questionário autoplicado junto a 47 usuários atendidos num CAPS III. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: Obteve-se duas categorias temáticas, a saber: facilidades e potencialidades; e barreiras a vencer: geográfica, organizacional, econômica e de estrutura. Observou-se que a satisfação dos usuários relaciona-se ao atendimento, assistência e escuta qualificada prestada pelos profissionais de saúde do CAPS, mesmo frente a uma estrutura física precária, o dimensionamento inadequado dos profissionais e a falta de medicamentos. Conclusão: Os usuários do CAPS III inferiram satisfação com o acolhimento prestado pelos profissionais de saúde; todavia, também apresentaram entraves do próprio serviço em termos organizacionais e estruturais.
Criança hospitalizada: perspectivas para o cuidado compartilhado entre enfermagem e família
Authors: Ribeiro Juliane Portella , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Thofehrn Maira Buss , Mota Marina Soares , Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Cecagno Susana
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: analisar os aspectos que contribuem ou dificultam o cuidado compartilhado entre a família da criança hospitalizada e os profissionais de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 20 familiares de crianças hospitalizadas e 20 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: a categoria Perspectivas para o cuidado compartilhado entre enfermagem e família constitui-se por: Aspectos que dificultam o cuidado compartilhado, destacando que o hospital limita as ações de cuidado dos familiares gerando-lhes sentimento de impotência; e Aspectos que contribuem para o cuidado compartilhado, ressaltando que compartilhar informações com o familiar propicia a sensação de respeito e valorização como coparticipante no cuidado. Conclusão: a família confere à enfermagem papel de referência e apoio, por essa razão a mesma encontra-se em lugar privilegiado para valorizar o protagonismo dos familiares e contribuir na efetivação do cuidado compartilhado.
Autocuidado de idosos diagnosticados com hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oliveira Marcelle Stephane Nunes de , Almeida Geovana Brandão Santana , Chagas Denicy De Nazaré Pereira , Salazar Paloma Rodrigues , Ferreira Luiza Vieira
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: conhecer como o idoso diagnosticado com hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus desenvolve o seu autocuidado, bem como as dificuldades que ele possa enfrentar. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa realizado com 20 idosos diagnosticados com hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas no domicílio dos idosos. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de junho e julho de 2016 e analisados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: elencaram-se três categorias mediante a análise dos dados: Identificação do diagnóstico da hipertensão arterial e do diabetes mellitus; O conhecimento do idoso sobre hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus; Os recursos que o idoso utiliza para cuidar da hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus. Considerações finais: os resultados obtidos revelaram a necessidade dos profissionais de saúde que assistem esses idosos repensem medidas e ações reais, voltadas para a educação em saúde, capacitando-os para o autocuidado de maneira efetiva.
Performance anxiety disorder: Developing a proposal for an inventory, according to the cognitive-behavioural therapy rationale
Authors: Varvatsoulias George
Published: October 2017

This editorial aims at the presentation of a proposal regarding an inventory about performance anxiety disorder in a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) framework. It provides some initial understanding as to that condition and how CBT could assist in the consideration of it counter to social anxiety disorder. At first, there is an introduction to performance anxiety in line to social anxiety/phobia and some questionnaires that have been developed which include performance anxiety as an element of social anxiety/phobia. Then, I am presenting the proposal, both in view to the rationale for that and the construction of an inventory with items drawn from elements that performance anxiety is related with, such as uneasiness about worry, self-focus issues of perfectionism and internal/external shame ideas. The statements in the inventory refer to hypothetical examples in life so inventory to be easily responded to, when administered to participants. This proposal closes with the conclusion that the questionnaire will be pilot-studied in the future by the author so the feasibility of it and/or possible changes to be considered when empirically studied.
A classification scheme for literary characters
Authors: Berry Matthew , Brown Steven
Published: October 2017

There is no established classification scheme for literary characters in narrative theory short of generic categories like protagonist vs. antagonist or round vs. flat. This is so despite the ubiquity of stock characters that recur across media, cultures, and historical time periods. We present here a proposal of a systematic psychological scheme for classifying characters from the literary and dramatic fields based on a modification of the Thomas-Kilmann (TK) Conflict Mode Instrument used in applied studies of personality. The TK scheme classifies personality along the two orthogonal dimensions of assertiveness and cooperativeness. To examine the validity of a modified version of this scheme, we had 142 participants provide personality ratings for 40 characters using two of the Big Five personality traits as well as assertiveness and cooperativeness from the TK scheme. The results showed that assertiveness and cooperativeness were orthogonal dimensions, thereby supporting the validity of using a modified version of TK’s two-dimensional scheme for classifying characters.
Osteomyelitis of the Pelvic Bones: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment
Authors: Dudareva Maria , Ferguson Jamie , Riley Nicholas , Stubbs David , Atkins Bridget , McNally Martin
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background and Purpose: A case series review of chronic pelvic osteomyelitis treated with combined medical and surgical treatment by a multidisciplinary team.Methods: All patients treated with surgical excision of pelvic osteomyelitis at our tertiary referral centre between 2002 and 2014 were included. All received combined care from a clinical microbiologist, an orthopaedic surgeon and a plastic surgeon. The rate of recurrent infection, wound healing problems and post-operative mortality was determined in all. Treatment failure was defined as reoperation involving further bone debridement, a requirement for the use of long-term suppressive antibiotics or sinus recurrence.Results: Sixty-one adults (mean age 50.2 years, range 16.8-80.6) underwent surgery. According to the Cierny-Mader classification of osteomyelitis there were 19 type II, 35 type III and 7 type IV cases. The ischium was the most common site of infection. Osteomyelitis was usually the result of contiguous focus infection associated with decubitus ulcers, predominantly in patients with spinal or cerebral disorders. Most patients with positive microbiology had polymicrobial infection (52.5%). Thirty patients required soft tissue reconstruction with muscle or myocutaneous flaps.Twelve deaths occurred a mean of 2.8 years following surgery (range 7 days-7.4 years). Excluding these deaths the mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 1.5-12.2 years). Recurrent infection occurred in seven (11.5%) a mean of 1.5 years post-operatively (92 days - 5.3 years). After further treatment 58 cases (95.1%) were infection free at final follow-up.Interpretation: Patients in this series have many comorbidities and risk factors for poor surgical outcome. Nevertheless, the multidisciplinary approach allows successful treatment in the majority of cases.
Are There Benefits In Early Diagnosis Of Prosthetic Joint Infection With Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Authors: Lausmann Christian , Zahar Akos , Citak Mustafa , Brañes Julian , Schmidl Stefan , Frommelt Lars , Gehrke Thorsten , Gebauer Matthias
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Purpose Identification of bacteria and susceptibility are fundamental in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Especially in the case of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) rapid detection of pathogens is essential for proper therapy. Bacterial cultures are time consuming. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a non-culture molecular method and is able to rapidly identify pathogens and their resistance genes. Multiplex PCR (mPCR) can amplify several different DNA sequences simultaneously. The aim of this study was to show the value of mPCR for early diagnosis of PJI.Methods 60 patients undergoing total hip or knee revisions were recruited in this prospective single-centre-study. Three groups were created: 26 patients with aseptic loosening (negative control), 26 patients with chronic PJI, and 8 patients with acute PJI/SIRS. We compared the results of joint aspirates obtained intraoperatively investigated by mPCR with the microbiology results of tissue specimens.Results The overall sensitivity of mPCR was 78.8% (95% CI, 61.1 - 91.0%), the specificity was 100% (95% CI, 87.2 - 100%), the negative predictive value was 79.4% (95% CI, 62.1 - 91.3%), the positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 86.8 - 100%), and the overall accuracy was 88.3% (95% CI, 77.4 - 95.2%). The overall accuracy in acute infections/SIRS (87.5%) was greater than in late chronic PJI (76.9%). In PJI the mPCR was able to provide the results within 5 hours whereas the mean time for cultures was 6.4 days.Conclusions Multiplex PCR is a reliable diagnostic tool in PJI management, especially in acute cases complicated with SIRS. Early diagnosis within several hours is possible, targeted antibiotic treatment can be started promptly.
Procedural Justice and the Discursive Construction of Narratives at Trial
Authors: Janet Ainsworth
Published: October 2017

The structure and practices of justice systems in many parts of the world are undergoing what can be seen as a kind of revolution – and one not merely of professional interest to lawyers and judges. What we are seeing in nation after nation is a move from inquisitorial models of legal adjudication toward adversarial models. The discourses of adjudication in these contrasting types of trials are changing the ways in which lawyers, judges, and witnesses come to see their role in the process. The change has implications that extend far beyond the courtrooms in which trials play out, however. Because the shift from inquisitorial to adversarial justice models determines how legal narratives are created and deployed in trials, this change has the potential to impact popular perceptions of legal legitimacy, which in turn has implications for the relationship of citizens to their government and justice systems. This article will detail the global character of this change in the nature of the discourse used in legal adjudication and will explore its potential ramifications for legal professionals and for society more generally.
Good health across languages: how access to healthcare by non-Italian speaking patients is ensured in Italy. A case study.
Authors: Eugenia Dal Fovo
Published: October 2017

This study aims at investigating healthcare interaction first and foremost as a form of institutional talk-in-interaction (Schegloff 1990), which, when interpretermediated, requires an adjustment of discourse practices and configuration (Pöchhacker and Shlesinger 2007), with a shift in the distribution of powers in terms of turn allocation and interaction coordination (Baraldi and Gavioli 2012). Real-life data are collected in the “Healthcare Interpreting Quality 2014-2015 Corpus” (HCIQ.1415) compiled by Dal Fovo (forthcoming). By necessarily drawing on analytical frameworks such as Conversation Analysis (Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974) and interactional sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982), recurring phenomena in the examined interactions will be identified and studied from a functional point of view (Levinson 1983). In particular, the analysis focuses on episodes that highlight interpreters’ choices promoting or excluding emotions (cf. Farini 2015), by tentatively applying Merlini and Gatti’s (2015) theoretical framework to the data. Results shall ideally serve as orientation for professionals to deal with ELFrelated issues that usually emerge in interpreter-mediated doctor-patient interactions, by considering such communication instances as a specific kind of discourse, rather than a mere deviation from the norm – i.e. monolingual doctor-patient interactions.
Development of a French as a foreign language teacher’s “teaching repertoire” in and through retrospective interviews and reflection
Authors: Fumiya Ishikawa
Published: October 2017

The retrospective interview carried out as part of foreign language teacher training in France constitutes a complex “polyphonic” (Bakhtin [1975] 1981) situation, where the trainee’s discourse is articulated as a component of “external dialogue” (Vološinov [1929] 1986) with that of the trainer – and sometimes also that of other participating trainees. Each of them refers to, as an element of “internal dialogue” (ibidem), what the trainee said or did in the classroom with and in relation to his/her students as well as what they said or did as action or reaction; that is to say, the classroom interaction in itself can be characterized as an “external dialogue” situation. In focusing on French as a foreign language teacher training, this paper aims to reveal, from a discourse analysis viewpoint, how three elements of retrospective interviews – discourses articulated in relation to each other, the trainee’s retrospective reflection on his/her classroom action and/or his/her students’ (re)actions, and the potential development of his/her ‘teaching repertoire’ – are related to one another.
Disability in the workplace: corporate strategies in a discourse analytical perspective
Authors: Francesca Santulli
Published: October 2017

Against the background of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the paper focuses on disability policies in the workplace, taking into consideration the position of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and of its permanent Secretariat, the International Labour Office. The study is set in the discourse analytical tradition and analyses two documents: the ILO Disability Inclusion Strategy and Action Plan and the working paper Disability in the Workplace: Company Practices. The former outlines general principles and illustrates objectives and strategies of the Agency; the latter is a collection of profiles describing the disability policy of 25 major companies. The investigation combines a qualitative approach with quantitative analysis, to single out relevant language features. In particular, the content structure of the companies’ profiles is described and analysed, while the fundamental lexicon of disability issues is examined in context. Special attention is given to the use of narrative and/or argumentation and to companies’ policy declarations. By adopting this multi-dimensional approach, it is possible to shed light on the discursive ambiguities of the texts, which overtly adopt the UN Convention principles, but do not systematically and consistently comply with the new paradigm of disability in their communication effort.
Framom kroppslege stengsel. Refleksjonar over ei sjukepleieerfaring frå praksiskvardagen
Authors: Lid Else Marie , Kvigne Kari Johanne , Roghell Per Kristian
Published: October 2017

In this essay we reflect on nurse Jenny`s narrative to draw attention to how different interpretations of patients bodily expressions may have impact for the help patients receives. The purpose of discussion is how nurses may be able to understand their own reactions, and to improve their ability to meet and support the patient even if the patient`s bodily expressions may arouse discomfort and emotional resistance. In her meeting with the patient, the nurse can open up or close the space for communication. How can the nurse’s way of being support the patients many different ways of emotionally expressions? This depends on systems, routines and the nurse`s own vulnerability and understanding of life experiences. And it may be connected to the nurse’s ability to open up for and respect the experiences and meaning in a patient`s lived and present life.
Refining the Formation and Early Evolution of the Eastern North American Margin: New Insights From Multiscale Magnetic Anomaly Analyses
Authors: Greene John A. , Tominaga Masako , Miller Nathaniel C. , Hutchinson Deborah R. , Karl Matthew R.
Published: October 2017

To investigate the oceanic lithosphere formation and early seafloor spreading history of the North Atlantic Ocean, we examine multiscale magnetic anomaly data from the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous age Eastern North American Margin (ENAM) between 31 and 40°N. We integrate newly acquired sea surface magnetic anomaly and seismic reflection data with publicly available aeromagnetic and composite magnetic anomaly grids, satellite‐derived gravity anomaly, and satellite‐derived and shipboard bathymetry data. We evaluate these data sets to (1) refine magnetic anomaly correlations throughout the ENAM and assign updated ages and chron numbers to M0–M25 and eight pre‐M25 anomalies; (2) identify five correlatable magnetic anomalies between the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA) and Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly (BSMA), which may document the earliest Atlantic seafloor spreading or synrift magmatism; (3) suggest preexisting margin structure and rifting segmentation may have influenced the seafloor spreading regimes in the Atlantic Jurassic Quiet Zone (JQZ); (4) suggest that, if the BSMA source is oceanic crust, the BSMA may be M series magnetic anomaly M42 (~168.5 Ma); (5) examine the along and across margin variation in seafloor spreading rates and spreading center orientations from the BSMA to M25, suggesting asymmetric crustal accretion accommodated the straightening of the ridge from the bend in the ECMA to the more linear M25; and (6) observe anomalously high‐amplitude magnetic anomalies near the Hudson Fan, which may be related to a short‐lived propagating rift segment that could have helped accommodate the crustal alignment during the early Atlantic opening.
The Impact of Atmospheric Modeling Errors on GRACE Estimates of Mass Loss in Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: Hardy Ryan A. , Nerem R. Steven , Wiese David N.
Published: October 2017

Systematic errors in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly mass estimates over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets can originate from low‐frequency biases in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Operational Analysis model, the atmospheric component of the Atmospheric and Ocean Dealising Level‐1B (AOD1B) product used to forward model atmospheric and ocean gravity signals in GRACE processing. These biases are revealed in differences in surface pressure between the ECMWF Operational Analysis model, state‐of‐the‐art reanalyses, and in situ surface pressure measurements. While some of these errors are attributable to well‐understood discrete model changes and have published corrections, we examine errors these corrections do not address. We compare multiple models and in situ data in Antarctica and Greenland to determine which models have the most skill relative to monthly averages of the dealiasing model. We also evaluate linear combinations of these models and synthetic pressure fields generated from direct interpolation of pressure observations. These models consistently reveal drifts in the dealiasing model that cause the acceleration of Antarctica's mass loss between April 2002 and August 2016 to be underestimated by approximately 4 Gt yr−2. We find similar results after attempting to solve the inverse problem, recovering pressure biases directly from the GRACE Jet Propulsion Laboratory RL05.1 M mascon solutions. Over Greenland, we find a 2 Gt yr−1 bias in mass trend. While our analysis focuses on errors in Release 05 of AOD1B, we also evaluate the new AOD1B RL06 product. We find that this new product mitigates some of the aforementioned biases.
The Plumbing System Feeding the Lusi Eruption Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Obermann Anne , Lupi Matteo , Karyono Karyono , Mazzini Adriano
Published: October 2017

Lusi is a sediment‐hosted hydrothermal system featuring clastic‐dominated geyser‐like eruption behavior in East Java, Indonesia. We use 10 months of ambient seismic noise cross correlations from 30 temporary seismic stations to obtain a 3‐D model of shear wave velocity anomalies beneath Lusi, the neighboring Arjuno‐Welirang volcanic complex, and the Watukosek fault system connecting the two. Our work reveals a hydrothermal plume, rooted at a minimum 6 km depth that reaches the surface at the Lusi site. Furthermore, the inversion shows that this vertical anomaly is connected to the adjacent volcanic complex through a narrow (~3 km wide) low velocity corridor slicing the survey area at a depth of ~4–6 km. The NE‐SW direction of this elongated zone matches the strike of the Watukosek fault system. Distinct magmatic chambers are also inferred below the active volcanoes. The large‐scale tomography features an exceptional example of a subsurface connection between a volcanic complex and a solitary erupting hydrothermal system hosted in a hydrocarbon‐rich back‐arc sedimentary basin. These results are consistent with a scenario where deep‐seated fluids (e.g., magmas and released hydrothermal fluids) flow along a region of enhanced transmissivity (i.e., the Watukosek fault system damage zone) from the volcanic arc toward the back arc basin where Lusi resides. The triggered metamorphic reactions occurring at depth in the organic‐rich sediments generated significant overpressure and fluid upwelling that is today released at the spectacular Lusi eruption site.
Thermochronologic Evidence for Late Eocene Andean Mountain Building at 30°S
Authors: Lossada Ana C. , Giambiagi Laura , Hoke Gregory D. , Fitzgerald Paul G. , Creixell Christian , Murillo Ismael , Mardonez Diego , Velásquez Ricardo , Suriano Julieta
Published: October 2017

The Andes between 28° and 30°S represent a transition between the Puna‐Altiplano Plateau and the Frontal/Principal Cordillera fold‐and‐thrust belts to the south. While significant early Cenozoic deformation documented in the Andean Plateau, deciphering the early episodes of deformation during Andean mountain building in the transition area is largely unstudied. Apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) thermochronology from a vertical and a horizontal transect reveal the exhumation history of the High Andes at 30°S, an area at the heart of this major transition. Interpretation of the age‐elevation profile, combined with inverse thermal modeling, indicates that the onset of rapid cooling was underway by ~35 Ma, followed by a significant decrease in cooling rate at ~30–25 Ma. AFT thermal models also reveal a second episode of rapid cooling in the early Miocene (~18 Ma) related to rock exhumation to its present position. Low exhumation between the rapid cooling events allowed for the development of a partial annealing zone. We interpret the observed Eocene rapid exhumation as the product of a previously unrecognized compressive event in this part of the Andes that reflects a southern extension of Eocene orogenesis recognized in the Puna/Altiplano. Renewed early‐Miocene exhumation indicates that the late Cenozoic compressional stresses responsible for the main phase of uplift of the South Central Andes also impacted the core of the range in this transitional sector. The major episode of Eocene exhumation suggests the creation of significant topographic relief in the High Andes earlier than previously thought.
Alcohol Intoxication and Metamemory: Little Evidence that Moderate Intoxication Impairs Metacognitive Monitoring Processes
Authors: Evans Jacqueline R. , Schreiber Compo Nadja , Carol Rolando N. , Schwartz Bennett L. , Holness Howard , Rose Stefan , Furton Kenneth G.
Published: October 2017

There is minimal research on metacognition in alcohol‐intoxicated participants. Study 1 examined metacognition across sober, intoxicated, and placebo groups, with the intoxicated group's breath alcohol concentration reaching 0.074 g/210 L on average immediately prior to the metacognition task. Participants answered cued recall general knowledge questions and provided confidence ratings and feeling‐of‐knowing judgments. They then completed a recognition (i.e., multiple choice) version of the same task, indicating an answer and a confidence rating for each question. Findings suggest that metacognitive accuracy generally did not vary across intoxication levels, although the control group's retrospective confidence judgments better discriminated between accurate and inaccurate responses than the alcohol groups in the recognition task. Study 2 surveyed academic psychologists about their expectations regarding the relation between alcohol and metacognition. Study 1's results were counter to their expectations, as respondents generally predicted a relation would be present. We discuss the implications for alcohol and memory.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Design Strategy for Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Emitters: From Twisted to Planar Structures
Authors: Chen Xian‐Kai , Tsuchiya Youichi , Ishikawa Yuma , Zhong Cheng , Adachi Chihaya , Brédas Jean‐Luc
Published: October 2017

In the traditional molecular design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters composed of electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor moieties, achieving a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST) in strongly twisted structures usually translates into a small fluorescence oscillator strength, which can significantly decrease the emission quantum yield and limit efficiency in organic light‐emitting diode devices. Here, based on the results of quantum‐chemical calculations on TADF emitters composed of carbazole donor and 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine acceptor moieties, a new strategy is proposed for the molecular design of efficient TADF emitters that combine a small ΔEST with a large fluorescence oscillator strength. Since this strategy goes beyond the traditional framework of structurally twisted, charge‐transfer type emitters, importantly, it opens the way for coplanar molecules to be efficient TADF emitters. Here, a new emitter, composed of azatriangulene and diphenyltriazine moieties, is theoretically designed, which is coplanar due to intramolecular H‐bonding interactions. The synthesis of this hexamethylazatriangulene‐triazine (HMAT‐TRZ) emitter and its preliminary photophysical characterizations point to HMAT‐TRZ as a potential efficient TADF emitter.
Engineering 2D Nanofluidic Li‐Ion Transport Channels for Superior Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yan Chunshuang , Lv Chade , Zhu Yue , Chen Gang , Sun Jingxue , Yu Guihua
Published: October 2017

Rational surface engineering of 2D nanoarchitectures‐based electrode materials is crucial as it may enable fast ion transport, abundant‐surface‐controlled energy storage, long‐term structural integrity, and high‐rate cycling performance. Here we developed the stacked ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets with surface functionalization (SUCNs‐SF) converted from layered hydroxides with inheritance of included anion groups (OH−, NO3−, CO32−). Such stacked structure establishes 2D nanofluidic channels offering extra lithium storage sites, accelerated Li‐ion transport, and sufficient buffering space for volume change during electrochemical processes. Tested as an anode material, this unique nanoarchitecture delivers high specific capacity (1230 and 1011 mAh g−1 at 0.2 and 1 A g−1, respectively), excellent rate performance, and long cycle capability (1500 cycles at 5 A g−1). The demonstrated advantageous features by constructing 2D nanochannels in nonlayered materials may open up possibilities for designing high‐power lithium ion batteries.
One‐Pot Protocol for the Synthesis of Imidazoles and Quinoxalines using N‐Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Pardeshi Sachin D. , Sathe Pratima A. , Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Chaskar Atul C.
Published: October 2017

N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS)‐mediated one‐pot, green, efficient and practical synthesis of substituted imidazoles and quinoxalines has been achieved by the reaction of styrenes with N‐arylbenzamidines and o‐phenylenediamines, respectively, in a water:1,4‐dioxane mixture. The reaction involves formation of an α‐bromo ketone as an intermediate in the presence of NBS and water, followed by condensation with the N‐arylbenzamidine and o‐phenylenediamine. Use of an inexpensive NBS as a bromine source as well as an oxidant, water as a solvent and readily available starting materials makes this protocol environmentally benign and economically viable. Substituted imidazoles and quinoxalines were obtained in good to excellent yields with wide functional group compatibility.

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Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Molybdenum Carbide and Phosphide Hybrids on a Carbon Matrix as Highly Effective Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Yichao , Ge Jingxuan , Hu Jun , Zhang Jiangwei , Hao Jian , Wei Yongge
Published: October 2017

The efficient evolution of hydrogen through electrocatalysis is considered a promising approach to the production of clean hydrogen fuel. Platinum (Pt)‐based materials are regarded as the most active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. However, the low abundance and high cost of Pt hinders the large‐scale application of these catalysts. Active, inexpensive, and earth‐abundant electrocatalysts to replace Pt‐based materials would be highly beneficial to the production of cost‐effective hydrogen energy. Herein, a novel organoimido‐derivatized heteropolyoxometalate, Mo4‐CNP, is designed as a precursor for electrocatalysts of the HER. It is demonstrated that the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources derived from the Mo4‐CNP molecules lead to in situ confined carburization, phosphorization, and chemical doping on an atomic scale, thus forming nitrogen‐doped porous molybdenum carbide and phosphide hybrids, which exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Such an organically functionalized polyoxometalate‐assisted strategy described here provides a new perspective for the development of highly active non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Oberflächenunterstützte Selbstorganisationsstrategien für supramolekulare Hydrogele
Authors: Vigier‐Carrière Cécile , Boulmedais Fouzia , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc
Published: October 2017

Lokalisierte molekulare Selbstorganisationsprozesse, die zum Wachstum von Nanostrukturen ausschließlich an der Oberfläche eines Materials führen, sind eine der großen Herausforderungen in der Oberflächenchemie. In den letzten zehn Jahren wurde in mehreren Studien berichtet, wie modifizierte oder unmodifizierte Oberflächen die Selbstorganisation von niedermolekularen Hydrogelatoren (LMWHs) vermitteln und lokalisierte supramolekulare Hydrogelschichten, hauptsächlich in Form von Nanofaserarchitekturen, bilden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz diskutiert neuere Strategien für die lokalisierte, durch LMWHs vermittelte Bildung von supramolekularen Hydrogelen sowie deren Eigenschaften und Anwendungen.
Direct Synthesis of Polymer Nanotubes by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of a Cyclodextrin/Styrene Complex
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Lei , Huo Meng , Zeng Min , Peng Liao , Feng Anchao , Wang Xiaosong , Yuan Jinying
Published: October 2017

A one‐step synthesis of nanotubes by RAFT dispersion polymerization of cyclodextrin/styrene (CD/St) complexes directly in water is presented. The resulted amphiphilic PEG‐b‐PS diblock copolymers self‐assemble in situ into nanoparticles with various morphologies. Spheres, worms, lamellae, and nanotubes were controllably obtained. Because of the complexation, the swelling degree of polystyrene (PS) blocks by free St is limited, resulting in limited mobility of PS chains. Consequently, kinetically trapped lamellae and nanotubes were obtained instead of spherical vesicles. During the formation of nanotubes, small vesicles first formed at the ends of the tape‐like lamellae, then grew and fused into nanotubes with a limited chain rearrangement. The introduction of a host–guest interaction based on CDs enables the aqueous dispersion polymerization of water‐immiscible monomers, and produces kinetically trapped nanostructures, which could be a powerful technique for nanomaterials synthesis.
Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric aza‐Friedel–Crafts/N,O‐Acetalization Domino Reactions Between 2‐Naphthols and Pyrazolinone Ketimines
Authors: Kaya Uğur , Chauhan Pankaj , Mahajan Suruchi , Deckers Kristina , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter
Published: October 2017

N‐Boc ketimines derived from pyrazolin‐5‐ones were explored to develop an unprecedented domino aza‐Friedel–Crafts/N,O‐acetalization reaction with 2‐naphthols. The novel method requires a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol % of a bifunctional squaramide catalyst, is scalable to gram amounts, and provides a new series of furanonaphthopyrazolidinone derivatives bearing two vicinal tetra‐substituted stereogenic centers in excellent yields (95–98 %) and stereoselectivity (>99:1 d.r. and 97–98 % ee). A different reactivity was observed in the case of 1‐naphthols and other electron‐rich phenols, which led to the aza‐Friedel–Crafts adducts in 70–98 % yield and 47–98 % ee.
Identification of Proteins Interacting with Ubiquitin Chains
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian
Published: October 2017

Ubiquitylation, the modification of proteins with ubiquitin (Ub), is one of the most versatile post‐translational modifications in eukaryotic cells. Since Ub also serves as its own substrate, proteins can be modified by numerous different Ub chains, in which the individual moieties are linked via one or several of the seven lysines of Ub. Homogeneous Ub chains, in which the moieties are sequentially linked via the same residue, have been most extensively studied. However, due to their restricted availability, the functions of Ub chains linked via K27, K29, or K33 are poorly understood. We have developed an approach that, for the first time, allows the generation of all seven homogeneous Ub chains in large quantities. The potential of our approach is demonstrated by the identification of previously unknown interaction partners of K27‐, K29‐, and K33‐linked Ub chains by affinity‐based proteomics.
Aqueous Gold Overgrowth of Silver Nanoparticles: Merging the Plasmonic Properties of Silver with the Functionality of Gold
Authors: Mayer Martin , Steiner Anja Maria , Röder Falk , Formanek Petr , König Tobias A. F. , Fery Andreas
Published: October 2017

To date, it has not been possible to combine the high optical quality of silver particles with the good chemical stability and synthetic convenience in a fully aqueous system, while simultaneously allowing chemical surface functionalization. We present a synthetic pathway for future developments in information, energy and medical technology where strong optical/electronic properties are crucial. Therefore, the advantages inherent to gold are fused with the plasmonic properties of silver in a fully aqueous Au/Ag/Au core–shell shell system. These nanoparticles inherit low dispersity from their masked gold cores, yet simultaneously exhibit the strong plasmonic properties of silver. Protecting the silver surface with a thin gold layer enables oxidant stability and functionality without altering the Ag‐controlled optical properties. This combines both worlds—optical quality and chemical stability—and is not limited to a specific particle shape.
Surface‐Assisted Self‐Assembly Strategies Leading to Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Vigier‐Carrière Cécile , Boulmedais Fouzia , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc
Published: October 2017

Localized molecular self‐assembly processes leading to the growth of nanostructures exclusively from the surface of a material is one of the great challenges in surface chemistry. In the last decade, several works have been reported on the ability of modified or unmodified surfaces to manage the self‐assembly of low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelators (LMWH) resulting in localized supramolecular hydrogel coatings mainly based on nanofiber architectures. This Minireview highlights all strategies that have emerged recently to initiate and localize LMWH supramolecular hydrogel formation, their related fundamental issues and applications.
Facile synthesis of ethylene–propylene fully alternating copolymer and comparison with random copolymer of similar composition
Authors: Song Shao‐Fei , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Xu Jun‐Ting , Fan Zhi‐Qiang
Published: October 2017

A precisely sequenced ethylene–propylene (EP) fully alternating copolymer was synthesized via trans‐1,4‐polymerization of isoprene catalyzed by Ziegler–Natta catalyst followed by hydrogenation. This EP copolymer was used as model polymer for studying structure–property relationship. An ethylene–propylene random copolymer (ethylene–propylene rubber [EPR]) with similar ethylene content was also prepared for comparison, and the effect of comonomer sequence distribution on properties was investigated. The copolymer chain structures were monitored by 1H and 13C NMR and Fourier translation infrared. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile tests were employed to determine the thermal and mechanical properties. The fully alternating copolymer EP gives a more precise glass transition comparing than EPR. Further understanding on thermal properties and aggregation behavior of ethylene–propylene copolymers is made possible by this comparative study. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45816.
Experimental and simulated investigation of temperature distribution of UHMWPE laminated composites during hot pressing process
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Guo Bingbing , Li Min , Li Jing , Zhou Xiao Dong
Published: October 2017

In this article, the influence of molding temperature on the mechanical properties and ballistic impact behavior of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminated composites has been investigated. The results demonstrate that with the temperature increasing from 80 to 120 °C, the tensile strength decreases while the interlaminar bonding strength increases. The UHMWPE laminated composites manufactured by hot pressing of 75 layers UHMWPE fabrics show excellent ballistic performance when the molding temperature reaches 120 °C, indicating that dominant failure mechanism of the UHMWPE laminated composites are delamination, the fiber tension as well as bulging. Furthermore, a numerical model has been proposed to predict the temperature distribution of the UHMWPE laminated composites for a better understanding of the effect of molding temperature on the ballistic performance. The results show that the simulated results and experimental data are in good agreement. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45874.
Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Yun‐Bing , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping
Published: October 2017

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a class of crosslinked polymers that combine permanent micropores with π‐conjugated skeletons and possess three‐dimensional (3D) networks. Compared with conventional materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), CMPs usually have superior chemical and thermal stability. CMPs have made significant progress in heterogeneous catalysis in the past seven years. With a bottom‐up strategy, catalytic moieties can be directly introduced into in the framework to produce heterogeneous CMP catalysts. Higher activity, stability, and selectivity can be obtained with heterogeneous CMP catalysts in comparison with their homogeneous analogs. In addition, CMP catalysts can be easily isolated and recycled. In this review, we focus on CMPs as an intriguing platform for developing various highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts in organic reactions. The design, synthesis, and structure of these CMP catalysts are also discussed in this focus review.