bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the linyphiid spiders of Portugal, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: BOSMANS ROBERT , CARDOSO PEDRO , CRESPO LUIS CARLOS
Published: December 2018

The following new species are described from Portugal: Diplocephalus machadoi Bosmans & Cardoso new species, Diplocephalus marijae Bosmans new species, Maso douro Bosmans & Cardoso new species, Parapelecopsis conimbricensis Bosmans & Crespo new species, Pelecopsis monsantensis Bosmans & Crespo new species and Sintula iberica Bosmans new species. The unknown males of Lepthyphantes berlandi Fage, 1931 and Lepthyphantes bacelarae Schenkel, 1938 are described and the species are transferred to the genera Bordea and Obscuriphantes respectively. The following new synonyms are proposed: Lepthyphantes ollivieri Denis, 1957 = Obscuriphantes bacelarae Fage, 1931 and Trichopterna alticeps Denis, 1952 = Trichopterna cucurbitina Simon, 1884. Acartauchenius depressifrons Simon and A. nasutus O. P.-Cambridge are redescribed and both transferred to the genus Erigonoplus. Pelecopsis lunaris Bosmans & Abrous is transferred to the genus Parapelecopsis. The following poorly known species are redescribed: Erigonoplus castellanus (O.P.-Cambridge), Mecopisthes crassirostris (Simon), Palliduphantes bolivari (Simon), Palliduphantes stygius (Simon), Pelecopsis susannae (Simon), Trichoncus trifidus Denis and Walckenaeria dalmasi (Simon). In addition to the six new species described, the following 18 species are new to Portugal: Alioranus pauper (Simon), Araeoncus toubkal Bosmans, Centromerus phoceorum Simon, Centromerus succinus Simon, Ceratinella brevis Wider, Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall), Entelecara acuminata (Wider), Meioneta mollis (O.P.-Cambridge), Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall), Ouedia rufithorax (Simon), Palliduphantes cadiziensis (Wunderlich), Porrhomma pygmaeum Blackwall, Sintula furcifer (Simon), Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge), Tapinocyba algirica Bosmans, Tapinopa disjugata Simon, Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring) and Walckenaeria obtusa Blackwall. Centromerus cinctus (Simon), Erigonoplus globipes (L. Koch), Mansuphantes mansuetus (Thorell, 1875), Meioneta rurestris (C.L. Koch), Oedothorax retusus(Westring), Palliduphantes cernuus (Simon), Parapelecopsis mediocris (Kulczyn’ski), Tenuiphantes tenebricola (Wider), Walckenaeria atrotibialis (O.P.-Cambridge), Walckenaeria dysderoides (Wider) and Walckenaeria erythrina (Simon) all have been cited from Portugal in the past but are deleted from its list. The Portuguese linyphiid fauna presently counts 111 species.
Morphology, arrangement and classification of sensilla on the apical segment of labium in Peiratinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: BROŻEK JOLANTA , CHŁOND DOMINIK
Published: December 2018

The present paper describes sensory structures on the apical segment of the labium in representatives of the subfamily Peiratinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), using the scanning electron microscope. The study is based on dry material representing 19 species and 16 genera. Within Peiratinae thirteen morphologically distinct types of sensilla were identified. Among them were four new types of sensilla (porous placodea sensillum [PPLS], multilobate sensillum [MS], domeelongated sensillum [UDES], and pit peg sensillum type 2 [NPPS2]) were found. Mechanosensilla are evenly distributed on the surface of the labium and form a characteristic pattern in various species. The main characters of the third visible (apical) segment of the labium are: presence of different sized sensilla of the chaetica type 1, 2, and 3; trichodea sensilla (TS); campaniform sensilla (CS); and various types of nonporous pit peg sensilla (NPPS1, NPPS2, and NPPS3). Distally on the apical segment of the labium dome-elongated sensilla (UDES) there are a characteristic arrangements, described as (3+3) and (1+2). Chemical sensilla are grouped on the tip of the labium. The position, number, and types of chemical sensilla on this area are very similar in all studied species.
A catalogue of the genus Euscorpiops Vachon, 1980 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae, Scorpiopinae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: DI ZHI-YONG , WU YING-LIANG , CAO ZHI-JIAN , XIAO HENG , LI WEN-XIN
Published: December 2018

A catalogue of Chinese species of the genus Euscorpiops Vachon, 1980 is provided. There are 10 species in total, none of them was recorded from China in “Catalog of the Scorpions of the World” (Fet et al., 2000). A new species, E. puerensis sp. nov. from southern Yunnan is described and illustrated. E. puerensis sp. nov. is characterized by having 18 external trichobothria (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 5 et), and 10 or 11 ventral trichobothria in the pedipalp patella; chela with a length/ width ratio average of 2.7 on males and females; pedipalp chela fingers on adult females and males scalloped; pectinal teeth count 7–8; pectinal fulcra present.
The copepod genus Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Siphonostomatoida: Hatschekiidae) from triggerfishes (Pisces: Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) from off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with descriptions of eleven new species
Authors: UYENO DAISUKE , NAGASAWA KAZUYA
Published: December 2018

Eleven new species of the genus Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Hatschekiidae) are described based on female specimens from triggerfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Balistidae) caught in coastal waters of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. These include Hatschekia hemicyclium n. sp. on Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch & Schneider), R. aculeatus (L.) and R. verrucosus (L.); H. jonesi n. sp. on Sufflamen bursa (Bloch & Schneider) and S. fraenatum (Latreille); H. kabatai n. sp. and H. izenaensis n. sp. on Xanthichthys lineopunctatus (Hollard); H. churaumi n. sp. on Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell); H. zanpa n. sp. and H. fukurubi n. sp. on Balistapus undulatus (Park); H. mongarah n. sp. on Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider); H. nakamurai n. sp. on Melichthys vidua (Richardson); H. mihkagan n. sp. on Odonus niger (Rüppell); and H. pseudobalistesi n. sp. on Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider). Ten of the 11 new species, with the exception of H. fukurubi n. sp., share the intercoxal sclerites of legs 1 and 2 armed with 4 processes. This character differs from 87 of the known 97 species in Hatschekia. Of the 20 species with this character, the 10 new species are separated from each other mainly by the following morphological characters: the number of setal elements in the leg armature, on the antennule and the caudal ramus, the presence of posterior lobes on the trunk, the segmentation and form of the abdomen, and the length ratios of certain body parts.
Preimaginal stages of Acostatrichia simulans Mosely 1939, a Neotropical microcaddisfly (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichiinae)
Authors: ANGRISANO ELISA B. , SGANGA JULIETA V.
Published: December 2018

The preimaginal stages and cases of Acostatrichia simulans Mosely 1939, collected in Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones province, Argentina) are described. This is the first description of the immature stages of this genus, and its first record from Argentina. The larvae were collected manually and transported to the laboratory, where they completed their development. Their identity was established using the metamorphotype method. They show strong resemblance to the larvae of Abtrichia Mosely, Anchitrichia Flint, Ceratotrichia Flint, Leucotrichia Mosely and Zumatrichia Mosely, especially to Zumatrichia.
Deep-sea Rhachotropis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae) from New Zealand and the Ross Sea with key to the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Antarctic species
Authors: LÖRZ ANNE-NINA
Published: December 2018

The amphipod genus Rhachotropis has a worldwide distribution. Four species new to science are described, increasing the total number of Rhachotropis species to 59. Only one species was previously known from New Zealand and none from the Ross Sea. Two species Rhachotropis chathamensis sp. nov. and R. delicata sp. nov. were collected at the same station in 420 m depth off eastern New Zealand; R. rossi sp. nov. and R. abyssalis sp. nov. were collected below 3000 m depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Investigation of recently collected material as well as historic material from the NIWA Invertebrate collection revealed several specimens of Rhachotropis antarctica K.H. Barnard, 1932 sampled in the Ross Sea. Four damaged Rhachotropis specimens, recently collected from 5170 m in the Kermadec Trench, north of New Zealand, are reported. Epibionts have been discovered on the mouthparts of several specimens from New Zealand as well as the Ross Sea. Preliminary molecular investigations of the phylogeney of Rhachotropis are briefly discussed. A key to Pacific, Indian Ocean and Antarctic species of Rhachotropis is provided.
A revision of the genus Saccoglossus (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta: Harrimaniidae) with taxonomic descriptions of five new species from the Eastern Pacific
Authors: Cameron C. B. , Deland C. , Bullock T. H.
Published: December 2018

Here we describe five new North Eastern Pacific species of acorn worms in the genus Saccoglossus (S. porochordus, S. rhabdorhyncus, S. shumaginensis, S. sonorensis, and S. palmeri) on the basis of morphology. Notes on the habit and localization of each species are provided. A summary table lists the morphological characters defining the five new species and ten previously described ones in the genus Saccoglossus. Observation on the biogeography of Enteropneusta suggests that it is an ancient and declining group.
The orb-weaving spider genus Eriovixia (Araneae: Araneidae) in the Gaoligong Mountains, China
Authors: MI XIAO-QI , PENG XIAN-JIN , YIN CHANG-MIN
Published: December 2018

Four species of the araneid spider genus Eriovixia are reported from the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan Province, southwest China), including a new species: Eriovixia sticta n. sp., and three known species: E. excelsa (Simon, 1889), E. pseudocentrodes (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) and E. yunnanensis (Yin et al., 1990). E. excelsa is first recorded from Chinese Mainland, while the males of both E. pseudocentrodes and E. yunnanensis are described for the first time, and the male of E. pseudocentrodes described before is actually the male of E. sticta n. sp. Distributional data and illustrations of somatic and genitalic morphology are provided. The differences between these four species and related taxa are discussed.
A new species of Teleogryllus (Teleogryllus) Chopard, 1961 from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)
Authors: LIU YUN-FEI , SHEN CHU-ZE , XU YUE , CHEN GUANG-YU , HE ZHU-QING
Published: December 2018

There are six species of genus Teleogryllus Chopard, 1961 recorded from China prior to this study. They belong to either subgenus Macroteleogryllus or subgenus Brachyteleogryllus. We describe a new species, Teleogryllus (Teleogryllus) albipalpus He sp. nov. belonging to subgenus Teleogryllus from Yunnan, China. The morphology of adults and nymphs in different instars, songs and COI gene are provided. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
New records of six species of subgenus Sophophora (Drosophila, Drosophilidae) collected in Brazil
Authors: DÖGE JONAS S. , GOTTSCHALK MARCO S. , DE TONI DANIELA C. , BIZZO LUÍS E.M. , OLIVEIRA SABRINA C.F. , VALENTE VERA L.S. , HOFMANN PAULO R.P.
Published: December 2018

The Drosophilidae Family of flies is cosmopolitan and is distributed in many types of ecosystems. The knowledge about the distribution of these species in Brazil has grown since the 1940s. However, the large extension of the Brazilian territory and the complexity of its ecosystems accounts for the fact of that this research field is still underexploited. The present study brings together survey data from 12 collection sites in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. The flies were collected over fermented banana baits, or over their natural trophic resources. This study expands the knowledge of the geographical distribution of Drosophila ananassae Doleschall, D. aff. elliptica, D. neosaltans Pavan & Magalh es, D. pulchella Sturtevant, D. bocainensis Pavan & Cunha and D. bocainoides Carson, all from the subgenus Sophophora.
Homogenization of Monthly Ground Surface Temperature in China during 1961–2016 and Performances of GLDAS Reanalysis Products
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Sun Chenghu , Zuo Jingqing , Ma Zhuguo , Li Weijing , Yang Song
Published: December 2018

Maps of observed ground surface temperature (GST) in China generally contain inhomogeneities due to relocation of the observation site, changes in observation method, transition to automatic instruments, and so on. By using the observations of collocated manual and automatic weather stations in China, bias in daily GST caused by the transition to automatic observation systems is corrected for the first time in the present work. Then, the inhomogeneities caused by nonclimatic factors (e.g., relocation of the station and change of observation time) in the historical records of monthly GST are further reduced by using the penalized maximal F-test method. Analysis based on this new homogenized dataset reveals that the trend of annual-mean GST in China is approximately 0.273°C decade−1 during 1961–2016. The warming trend is stronger in winter (0.321°C decade−1) and spring (0.312°C decade−1) and weakest in summer (0.173°C decade−1). Spatially, all the stations in China, except for a few stations in southern China, present warming trends in the annual mean and in spring, fall, and winter seasons. In summer, cooling trends are observed in central and southern China. Moreover, we assess the monthly GST from five reanalysis products of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) during 1980–2016. The warming trends of Noah and the Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) from GLDAS-V2.0 are the closest to those of the homogenized observation, while the linear trends in the other three products (Noah, CLM, and MOS) from GLDAS-V1 are obviously different from those of the homogenized observation. Also, it is found that the spatial distribution of the warming trend is substantially overestimated in central China but underestimated in the other regions of China in these five GLDAS reanalysis products.
Global NDVI Patterns in Response to Atmospheric Water Vapor Anomalies over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during April–June
Authors: Wang Zhaosheng , Huang Mei , Wang Rong , Wang Shaoqiang , Liu Xiaodong , Xie Xiaoning , Liu Zhengjia , Gong He , Hao Man
Published: December 2018

Vertically integrated atmospheric water vapor (VIWV) over the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) indirectly affects terrestrial vegetation growth (TVG) patterns through atmospheric water vapor transmission. However, their linkages and mechanisms are poorly understood. This study intends to understand the contributions of VIWVIPWP to TVG and the mechanisms by which VIWVIPWP impacts TVG. Combining monthly SST, VIWV, and NDVI data from 1982 to 2015, the linkage between VIWVIPWP and NDVI is investigated during April–June (AMJ). A strong correlation between VIWVIPWP and NDVI suggests that VIWVIPWP is an important factor affecting TVG. A composite analysis of VIWVIPWP anomalies and their relation to NDVI patterns shows that VIWVIPWP positively influences the NDVI of 68.1% of global green land during high-VIWVIPWP years but negatively influences 74.7% in low years. Corresponding to these results, during high-VIWVIPWP years, the warm and humid terrestrial climate conditions improved TVG by 9% and 2% in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively, but cold and dry conditions inhibited TVG for both hemispheres during the low years. Additionally, strong spatial correlations between VIWVIPWP and precipitation imply that VIWVIPWP affects the spatial–temporal pattern of precipitation. There is a stronger interaction between the Pacific north–south ridge and the two land troughs during high-VIWVIPWP years than during low-VIWVIPWP years. The zonally averaged wind at 850 hPa and VIWV results indicate that, during high-VIWVIPWP years, the enhanced wind from the ocean brings more atmospheric water vapor to land, increasing the probability of precipitation and resulting in moist climate conditions that promote AMJ vegetation growth. In brief, VIWVIPWP indirectly induces vegetation growth by affecting the distributions of terrestrial VIWV and precipitation.
An Automated Velocity Dealiasing Scheme for Radar Data Observed from Typhoons and Hurricanes
Authors: He Guangxin , Sun Juanzhen , Ying Zhuming
Published: December 2018

Accurate and automated dealiasing of radar data is important for data interpretation and downstream applications such as numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In this paper an improved radial velocity dealiasing scheme is presented and evaluated using observations from several S-band radars under the severe weather conditions of typhoons and hurricanes. This scheme, named Automated Dealiasing for Typhoon and Hurricane (ADTH), is a further development of the China New Generation Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD) improved dealiasing algorithm (CIDA). The upgraded algorithm ADTH includes three modules designed to select the first radial from which the dealiasing process starts, to conduct a two-way multipass dealiasing, and to perform an error check for a final local dealiasing. The dealiasing algorithm is applied to two typhoon hurricane cases and four typhoon cases observed with radars from CINRAD, NEXRAD of the United States, and the Taiwan radar network for a continuous period of 12 h for each of the selected cases. The results show that ADTH outperforms CIDA for all of the test cases.
Giftedness in the Making: A Transactional Perspective
Authors: Lo C. Owen , Porath Marion , Yu Hsiao-Ping , Chen Chen-Ming , Tsai Kuei-Fang , Wu I-Chen
Published: December 2018

Over the past century, strong applications of psychometrics have resulted in an ideology and practices of identification in the field of gifted education. In recent years, an alternative ideology that construes giftedness in an inclusive light and promotes democratic practices has emerged. This ideology posits a new meaning-making system of giftedness that is process-based rather than person-based. In this article, we elaborate some conceptual principles of this emerging ideology. First, we reflect on the nature of giftedness as a social construct using a symbolic interactionist perspective and articulate the dialectical evolution of collective meanings of giftedness. Second, we address the interdependency between an individual and a context when it comes to helping students realize their giftedness. Third, we accentuate a growth orientation and outline the importance of considering giftedness as a process-based entity. Furthermore, we provide a T:CAD conception of giftedness along with ideas for transaction-focused practices that aim to encourage the rendering of this emerging ideology in practice.
The Food Doctors: A pilot study to connect urban children and medical students using nutrition education
Authors: Johnston Bryan , El-Arabi Ahmad , Tuomela Krista , Nelson David
Published: December 2018

Background:

Children in the USA face increasing nutrition-related health risks, including obesity rates of 16.9% – a figure that has more than tripled over the past four decades. Nutrition education is beneficial to improve children’s health through obesity prevention and the promotion of healthy habits, and the elementary school years are a key time to implement health education interventions.

Objective:

To develop a medical student created and operated nutrition education intervention for urban underserved elementary school students.

Design:

The Food Doctors (TFD) programme is a hands-on, interactive, in-class nutrition education pilot initiative for elementary school students and adheres to the established tenets of effective in-class nutrition education whenever possible: (1) interactive hands-on curriculum, (2) use of culturally relevant topics and (3) the inclusion of effective evaluation techniques.

Setting:

Urban elementary school classrooms in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Method:

A literature review and feedback from partner schools’ needs informed curriculum development. Institutional review board approval was sought and study materials prepared. The pilot programme was carried out at partner schools during class time.

Results:

A total of 83 students participated in the pilot study: 46 third-grade students and 37 fourth graders. Evaluation focused on assessing student baseline knowledge and exploring post-programme nutrition knowledge gains.

Conclusion:

TFD pilot programme demonstrated gaps in baseline nutrition knowledge among elementary school students and showed improved post-programme ability to correctly answer basic nutrition knowledge questions.
Embedding Training Within Warnings Improves Skills of Identifying Phishing Webpages
Authors: Xiong Aiping , Proctor Robert W. , Yang Weining , Li Ninghui
Published: December 2018

Objective:

Evaluate the effectiveness of training embedded within security warnings to identify phishing webpages.

Background:

More than 20 million malware and phishing warnings are shown to users of Google Safe Browsing every week. Substantial click-through rate is still evident, and a common issue reported is that users lack understanding of the warnings. Nevertheless, each warning provides an opportunity to train users about phishing and how to avoid phishing attacks.

Method:

To test use of phishing-warning instances as opportunities to train users’ phishing webpage detection skills, we conducted an online experiment contrasting the effectiveness of the current Chrome phishing warning with two training-embedded warning interfaces. The experiment consisted of three phases. In Phase 1, participants made login decisions on 10 webpages with the aid of warning. After a distracting task, participants made legitimacy judgments for 10 different login webpages without warnings in Phase 2. To test the long-term effect of the training, participants were invited back a week later to participate in Phase 3, which was conducted similarly as Phase 2.

Results:

Participants differentiated legitimate and fraudulent webpages better than chance. Performance was similar for all interfaces in Phase 1 for which the warning aid was present. However, training-embedded interfaces provided better protection than the Chrome phishing warning on both subsequent phases.

Conclusion:

Embedded training is a complementary strategy to compensate for lack of phishing webpage detection skill when phishing warning is absent.

Application:

Potential applications include development of training-embedded warnings to enable security training at scale.
Enhanced frequency shift carrier modulation for H-bridge multilevel converter to conquer the impact of instability in deputize condenser voltage
Authors: T Yuvaraja , Kumar KA Ramesh
Published: December 2018

H-bridge multilevel converter is the most challenging topology from nominal to high power applications. However, when the energy is exchanged between AC side and DC side or vice versa, the fluctuation in the capacitor used in deputize unit is unavoidable. The fluctuation in the deputize unit is due to the increase in the total harmonic distortion by the capacitor in the output voltages. This total harmonic distortion is evaded by exploring the deputize unit capacitor voltage mathematically. This paper proposes the enhanced frequency shift carrier modulation in H-bridge multilevel converter to suppress the influence of fluctuation in deputize unit capacitor voltages. Enhanced frequency shift carrier modulation is considered for nonlinear compensation. The principal results of using this enhanced frequency shift carrier modulation improvise the total harmonic distortion in the output voltage of H-bridge multilevel converter. Simulation and experimental results are done using MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Might we celebrate a small step? Beyond Deculpabilization in Amoris Laetitia
Authors: Fleming Daniel J.
Published: December 2018

The article considers renewed interest in gradualism which has arisen from Pope Francis’s recent exhortation Amoris Laetitia. It analyses the phenomenology of moral growth, and what subjective goodness is expressed by a person on that journey of growth. The article discusses Roger Burggraeve’s recent work on ‘deculpabilization’ and the ‘ minus bonum’ as categories which assist in understanding this subjective moral goodness. It argues that the minus bonum provides a way in which to understand the goodness of the moral subject who is unable to move beyond their stage of moral growth which is congruent with Amoris Laetitia, and which extends beyond existing understandings of gradualism.
Microstructure, physical, and mechanical properties of the Cu/ (WC-TiC-Co) nano-composites by the electroless coating and powder metallurgy technique
Authors: Yehia Hossam M
Published: December 2018

In this research, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.% of WC-TiC-Co particles were coated with a nano-particles layer of copper by the electro-less deposition technique. All the composites were compacted at 900 MPa, and then sintered at 1000 and 1100℃ for 120 min in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace. Nano-composites, which sintered at 1100℃ exhibit relative density higher than those sintered at 1000℃. To investigate the crystal structure and chemical composition of the WC-TiC-Co powders, XRD was used. SEM and EDAX analysis for the sintered samples were performed to investigate the microstructure and morphology of the composites. The relative density, hardness, electrical conductivity and yield stress based on the results of the hardness values were studied. The results revealed that the relative density, hardness, and the yield stress based on the results of the Vickers hardness were improved by increasing the WC-TiC-Co content. On the other hand, the electrical conductivity was decreased by increasing the WC-TiC-Co content.
Fabric image recolorization based on intrinsic image decomposition
Authors: Xu Chen , Han Yu , Baciu George , Li Min
Published: December 2018

Fabric image recolorization is widely used in assisting designers to generate new color design proposals for fabric. In this paper, a new image recolorization method is proposed. Different from classical image recolorization methods, which need some complicated interactive operations from users, our proposed method can achieve automatic recolorization of images. The proposed method contains three sequential phases: a phase of extracting representative colors from fabric images; an image segmentation phase; and an image reconstruction phase by using given color themes. Integrated with intrinsic image decomposition, a new image segmentation model is designed in a variational framework, and an algorithm is given to solve the model. Our image recolorization results are images that are reconstructed by the composition of the image segmentation results and the given color themes. Numerical results demonstrate that our newly proposed intrinsic image decomposition-based image recolorization method can generate better results than the classical cartoon-and-texture decomposition-based method.
Effect of perspired moisture and material properties on evaporative cooling and thermal protection of the clothed human body exposed to radiant heat
Authors: Guan Manhao , Psikuta Agnes , Camenzind Martin , Li Jun , Mandal Sumit , Michel Rossi René , Annaheim Simon
Published: December 2018

Perspired moisture plays a crucial role in the thermal physiology and protection of the human body wearing thermal protective clothing. Until now, the role of continuous sweating on heat transfer, when simultaneously considering internal and external heat sources, has not been well-investigated. To bridge this gap, a sweating torso manikin with 12 thermal protective fabric systems and a radiant heat panel were applied to mimic firefighting. The results demonstrated how the effect of radiant heat on heat dissipation interacted with amount of perspired moisture and material properties. A dual effect of perspired moisture was demonstrated. For hydrophilic materials, sweating induced evaporative cooling but also increased radiant heat gain. For hydrophilic station uniforms, the increment of radiant heat gain due to perspired moisture was about 11% of the increase of heat dissipation. On the other hand, perspired moisture can increase evaporative cooling and decrease radiant heat gain for hydrophobic materials. In addition to fabric thermal resistance ( Rct) and evaporative resistance ( Ret), material hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, emissivity and thickness are important when assessing metabolic heat dissipation and radiant heat gain with profuse sweating under radiant heat. The results provide experimental evidence that Rct and Ret, the general indicators of the clothing thermo-physiological effect, have limitations in characterizing thermal comfort and heat strain during active liquid sweating in radiant heat. This paper offers a more complete insight into clothing thermal characteristics and human thermal behaviors under radiant heat, contributing to the accurate evaluation of thermal stress for occupational and general individuals.
Bronchoscopic sclerosis of post-resectional bronchial fistulas
Authors: Rivo Eduardo , Quiroga Jorge , García-Prim José-María , Obeso Andrés , Soro Jose , Oseira Anaí , Golpe Antonio
Published: December 2018

Background

Pulmonary resection is, by far, the primary cause of bronchial fistula. This is a severe complication because of its morbidity and mortality and the related consumption of resources. Definitive closure continues to be a challenge with several therapeutic options, but none are optimal. We describe our experience in bronchoscopic application of ethanolamine and lauromacrogol 400 for the treatment of post-resection bronchial fistulas.

Methods

Clinical records of 8 patients treated using this technique were collected prospectively. The diagnosis of a fistula was confirmed by flexible bronchoscopy. Sclerosis was indicated in the context of multimodal treatment. Sclerosant injection was performed under general anesthesia with a Wang 22G needle through a flexible bronchoscope. The procedure was repeated at 2-week intervals until definitive closure of the fistula was confirmed.

Results

Fistula closure was achieved in 7 (87.5%) of the 8 patients, with persistence of the fistula in one patient who could not complete the treatment because of recurrence of his neoplastic pathology. No recurrence or complications related to the technique were registered.

Conclusions

Bronchoscopic sclerosis by means of submucosal injection of lauromacrogol 400 or ethanolamine should be part of the multimodal treatment of bronchopleural fistula after lung resection, pending further studies that contribute to the accurate establishment of optimal indications for this procedure.
Does vibration benefit delayed-onset muscle soreness?: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lu Xingang , Wang Yiru , Lu Jun , You Yanli , Zhang Lingling , Zhu Danyang , Yao Fei
Published: December 2018

Objective

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a symptom of exercise-induced muscle injury that is commonly encountered in athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Vibration is being increasingly used to prevent or treat DOMS. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of vibration in patients with DOMS.

Method

We searched nine databases for randomized controlled trials of vibration in DOMS, from the earliest date available to 30 May 2018. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were set as outcome measures.

Results

The review included 10 identified studies with 258 participants. The meta-analysis indicated that vibration significantly improved the VAS at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise, and significantly improved CK levels at 24 and 48 hours, but not at 72 hours.

Conclusion

Vibration is a beneficial and useful form of physiotherapy for alleviating DOMS. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role and mechanism of vibration in DOMS.
‘Every expression is watched’: Mind, medical expertise and display in the nineteenth-century English courtroom
Authors: Carson John
Published: December 2018

The growing presence of medical experts in the English courtroom during the early nineteenth century presented new challenges with regard to how those experts would exert their authority in an adversarial setting. This article examines the ways in which mental science practitioners responded when confronted with the need to testify as to the soundness or unsoundness of mind of an individual in the context of a legal proceeding. It argues that they often engaged in ‘a double act of self-fashioning’. On the one hand, they attempted to fashion their personae into representations of truth-telling beings; on the other hand, they sought to present testimony in such a way that the judge or jury could diagnose the individual’s alleged soundness or unsoundness of mind for themselves, and they sought to do this without leaving any trace of their own efforts. The procedures and presumptions of the English courtroom thus created an epistemic space in which physicians (and other scientific experts) were frequently presented with the puzzle of how to translate determinations arrived at on the basis of often recondite professional knowledge and years of experience into manifestations that could be made visible to a lay audience. Moreover, they had to do this in a setting in which every significant claim was likely to be disputed by adversary counsel and rival experts.
Can Completers, Non-Completers, and Non-Starters of Community-Based Offending Behavior Programs be Differentiated by Internal Treatment Readiness Factors?
Authors: Hatcher Ruth M. , Roberts Anna L. I.
Published: December 2018

This research aimed to determine whether completers, non-completers, and non-starters of community-based offending behavior programs could be differentiated by their levels of internal “treatment readiness.” The Corrections Victoria Treatment Readiness Questionnaire (CVTRQ) measures offenders’ Attitudes and Motivation, Emotional Reactions, Offending Beliefs, and Efficacy which, according to the Multifactor Offender Readiness Model (MORM), are internal dimensions of an offender’s readiness to engage with treatment. Participants were offenders who had been court-mandated to attend a community-based cognitive skills offending behavior program. There were no significant differences between groups in respect of the CVTRQ total score. After controlling for risk of reconviction, however, the Self Efficacy construct differentiated program non-starters from program completers, while the Emotional Reactions construct differentiated program non-completers from program completers. In conclusion, the CVTRQ failed to differentiate program completion groups with the same success as elsewhere.
Still the ‘trusty anvil’?: media perspectives on adoption reform in England
Authors: Kirton Derek
Published: December 2018

Although media influence has long been recognised within adoption, there has been relatively little research into the nature of coverage. This article focuses on press articles from five UK national daily newspapers and their Sunday sister papers in the years 2010‒2014. This broadly coincides with the period of Coalition Government in the UK and its focus on adoption reform. Findings reveal strong support for the Government’s reform programme, its rationale within child welfare and many of its specific measures, but with some contrasts between individual newspapers and critical comment found almost entirely within one pairing. Particular themes concern excessive bureaucracy and politically motivated opposition to adoption. Race and ethnicity emerge as the most frequently covered issues, dominated by critique of barriers to transracial adoption. Principal themes are often developed with inaccurate, misleading or exaggerated reporting, which in turn raises the question of how adoption agencies might respond to this.
‘Just another person in the room’: young people’s views on their participation in Child in Care Reviews
Authors: Diaz Clive , Pert Hayley , Thomas Nigel
Published: December 2018

This article discusses a key meeting for children in care – the Child in Care Review – and examines the extent to which children and young people are able to participate and exert a level of control over their lives. The research, conducted in England, formed part of a wider exploration of the views and experiences of all those involved in such reviews, namely Independent Reviewing Officers (IROs), social workers, senior managers and – the focus of this article – the young people concerned. Most of the children interviewed said that they found their reviews frustrating and stressful, often attributing this to poor relationships with social workers and scepticism about the value of the review process. However, they recognised the workload pressures facing social workers and the bureaucratic constraints affecting the service they received. The article argues for the continuing importance of the IRO role, given the consistency it provides for children in care. It also shows that while it provides an opportunity for children’s participation in discussions about their future, the Child in Care Review is underperforming. The developing practice of children chairing their own reviews offers one way forward and the article calls for this to be developed and for other creative methods to be introduced to enable young people to play a meaningful part in meetings that affect them.
It’s Not All About Redislocation: A Systematic Review of Complications After Anterior Shoulder Stabilization Surgery
Authors: Williams Huw Lloyd Morgan , Evans Jonathan Peter , Furness Nicholas Duncan , Smith Christopher David
Published: December 2018

Background:

The surgical treatment of recurrent shoulder instability has evolved in recent years to include a variety of soft tissue and bone block procedures, undertaken with either an open or arthroscopic approach. Although the utilization of such techniques has rapidly expanded, the associated risk of complications remains poorly defined. This information is vital for clinical decision making and patient counseling.

Purpose:

To quantify the complication rate associated with all types of surgery for anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic search was undertaken of studies reporting complications from anterior shoulder stabilization surgery. Inclusion criteria were studies published in English between 2000 and 2017 with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria. Complication rates for all undesirable events contributing to the patient outcome were extracted and cumulative rates calculated.

Results:

Out of 1942 references, 56 studies were included, totaling 4362 procedures among 4336 patients. Arthroscopic soft tissue repair had a complication rate of 1.6% (n = 2805). When repair was combined with arthroscopic remplissage, the rate was 0.5% (n = 219). Open soft tissue repair had a complication rate of 6.2% (n = 219) and open labral repair with remplissage, a rate of 2.3% (n = 79). An open bone block procedure had a complication rate of 7.2% (n = 573) and an arthroscopic bone block procedure, a rate of 13.6% (n = 163).

Conclusion:

This large systematic review demonstrates the overall complication rates (not purely recurrence rates) in modern shoulder stabilization surgery. With the growing interest in bone block stabilization procedures, including those performed arthroscopically, surgeons should be aware of the 10-fold increase in complications for these procedures over soft tissue arthroscopic surgery and counsel their patients accordingly.
Effect of varying the crosslinking degree of a pericardial implant with oligourethane on the repair of a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect
Authors: de Jesus Palacios-Rodríguez Aarón , Flores-Moreno Mauricio , Edith Castellano Laura , Carriles Ramón , Quintero-Ortega Iraís , Murguía-Pérez Mario , Cruz Guillermo , Vargas-Mancilla Juan , Vega-González Arturo , Mendoza-Novelo Birzabith
Published: December 2018

The stability and bioactivity of biologic implants rely mainly on the control of the crosslinking process of collagen. However, the most common methods have no control on the crosslinking degree producing it excessively. This study outlines the role of crosslinking of collagen-based implants with oligourethane on the host response following reconstruction of a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect. We decellularized and crosslinked bovine pericardial tissue to achieve two crosslinking degrees. For the decellularized implants, named as non-crosslinked (N-CL), the collagen-amines were 0.42 ± 0.02 mmol/mg. Crosslinking by the oligourethane reduced the primary amine concentration to 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.19 ± 0.01 mmol/mg; these values were classified as low (∼30%, L-CL) and medium crosslinking (∼50%, M-CL), respectively. By imaging the implants using second harmonic generation microscopy, we observed undulated bundles of collagen fibers organized in multi-directed layers localized in N-CL and L-CL samples. Post-implantation, a negligible change in the organization of collagen fibers in the crosslinked implants was observed, suggesting that the in vivo biodegradation was delayed. An enlargement of the implant area was also observed, without rupture, in all three (N-CL, L-CL, M-CL) materials, whereas adhesion to the omentum, but not to the bowel, was observed. The number of blood vessels after 90-day implantation in N-CL and L-CL was 13 ± 1 and 12 ± 1 per field, respectively, while the number significantly decreased to 2 ± 1 in M-CL. The results suggest that the controlled degree of crosslinking in oligourethane-modified biologic implants can be used as a strategy to balance biodegradation and remodeling in surgical repair of soft tissues.
Explaining government bureaucrats’ behaviour: On the relative importance of organizational position, demographic background, and political attitudes
Authors: Egeberg Morten , Stigen Inger Marie
Published: December 2018

A basic insight in public administration research is that career officials play an important role in public policy development as well as in its implementation. Surprisingly, however, despite being an enduring theme on the research agenda, the jury still seems to be out regarding how to account for bureaucrats’ actual decision behaviour, a fact reflected in the numerous competing theories and perspectives available. By applying a novel large-N questionnaire survey as well as an alternative method, this article sheds new light on this highly contested area of research. We find that government bureaucrats’ (formal) organizational position is by far the most important explanatory factor, while classical demographic factors like geographical background, gender and age play a rather minor role. Among officials’ many early experiences, only their educational background and former job experience really count. The political attitudes of officials do not matter. The crucial role of bureaucrats’ organizational position for understanding their behaviour does not depend on intra-organizational socialization. Importantly, the key role of factors that may be relatively subject to deliberate change, such as organization structure and the former job experience and educational background of those recruited, entails a considerable potential for organizational design.
Dynamic analysis of electrohydraulic cable-driven parallel robots
Authors: Amare Zemichael , Zi Bin , Qian Sen , Zu Lei
Published: December 2018

Dynamic analysis is required for achieving higher efficiency of cable-driven parallel robots. This paper presents the dynamic analysis of the cable-driven parallel robots using the Lagrange’s method, taking cable’s mass and elasticity into account. The Lagrange’s equations of motion are derived and evaluated for the generalized coordinates of the system. The dynamic motion of the parallel robot is expressed by the generalized forces and generalized coordinates to completely specify the configuration of the whole mechanical system as well as every component of the system. The cables are modeled to control and design the motion of each part of the rigid body. The elasticity is determined using the optimal cable’s tensions and lengths. Numerical simulations are performed to obtain the dynamic motion of the cable-driven parallel robots and. Experimental analyses and the effect of the mass of the end-effector on the cable’s tension and elasticity are also investigated. These examples illustrate that the general motion of the rigid body is superior described in terms of a set of independent coordinates. The results indicate that a better speed of the end-effector can be achieved by adding the linear and rotational motions of the electrohydraulic cylinder actuators into the traditional cable-driven parallel robots.
Nonlinear stability analysis of motor bogies for high-speed trains
Authors: Xu Kun , Zeng Jing , Huang Cai-Hong
Published: December 2018

The traction motor flexibly suspended on the bogie frame is conducive to the lateral dynamic performance of high-speed trains. At present, most of the researches about the influences of suspension parameters of the traction motor on the stability of the bogie are limited to the linear system. In this paper, according to the suspension mode of the traction motor of a certain type of high-speed train in China, the dynamic equations of the motorized bogie with eight degrees of freedom are derived, and the nonlinear stability of the bogie system is analyzed. The bifurcation diagrams of the bogie system with different motor suspension parameters are obtained by using the continuation algorithm, and the linear and nonlinear critical speeds of the system are studied. The study shows that the suspension stiffness, damping coefficient, and the mass of the motor significantly affect the critical speeds of the bogie system. Then the mechanisms of the influence of suspension parameters on the linear and nonlinear critical speeds of the bogie are analyzed by the root locus method and Hopf bifurcation normal form theory, respectively.
Praising the fallen heroes: Storytelling in US war presidential rhetoric, from Johnson to Obama
Authors: Franch Pere
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses the use of storytelling by United States presidents in their war speeches, from the Vietnam War to the War on Terror. The study proposes a dual concept of storytelling in political communication: first, the global story that lies behind the presidential rhetoric aimed at justifying war; and second, the use of a specific technique consisting of inserting particular, personal stories into the speeches in order to communicate specific messages to the audience. The methodology used consists of an in-depth, interpretive, qualitative content analysis of a sample of presidential speeches. The findings confirm, firstly, that US presidents’ war storytelling aims to reinforce the political myth of America’s duty to preserve freedom, an argument that helps make the burden of the war understandable and bearable for the people, thereby reaffirming American collective identity. It is a reductionist narrative, as all wars are presented as having the same causes and goals. Secondly, the presidential use of personal stories is confirmed to have increased exponentially from the Vietnam War era. In most cases, these stories consist of a personification of some basic values attributed to the whole nation, by means of which these values are reinforced: heroism, patriotism, sense of duty, and, above all – again – the defence of freedom. The results also show that, in this aspect of their war rhetoric, the differences between George W. Bush and Barack Obama are at least blurred, despite their ideological and political differences.
Syncope due to a silent mass
Authors: Cheung Jonathan Chun-Hei , Lee Kwok Fung , Law Kam Leung , Kitchell Abdul Karim Bin
Published: December 2018

A middle-aged man presented to the emergency department with syncope. Point-of-care echocardiography was performed and helped made the diagnosis. The patient thereby received the definitive treatment in the shortest possible time.