bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and maladaptive roles of different angiotensin receptors in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
Authors: Bhullar Sukhwinder K. , Dhalla Naranjan S.
Published: September 2023

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is formed by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin–angiotensin system. This hormone is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure and its actions are mediated by the interaction of both pro- and antihypertrophic Ang II receptors (AT1R and AT2R). Ang II is also metabolized by ACE 2 to Ang-(1–7), which elicits the activation of Mas receptors (MasR) for inducing antihypertrophic actions. Since heart failure under different pathophysiological situations is preceded by adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, we have reviewed the existing literature to gain some information regarding the roles of AT1R, AT2R, and MasR in both acute and chronic conditions of cardiac hypertrophy. It appears that the activation of AT1R may be involved in the development of adaptive and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy as well as subsequent heart failure because both ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists exert beneficial effects. On the other hand, the activation of both AT2R and MasR may prevent the occurrence of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and delay the progression of heart failure, and thus therapy with different activators of these antihypertrophic receptors under chronic pathological stages may prove beneficial. Accordingly, it is suggested that a great deal of effort should be made to develop appropriate activators of both AT2R and MasR for the treatment of heart failure subjects.
A semiempirical evaluation of half-life of 146Sm isotope
Authors: Tavares O. A. P. , Terranova M. L.
Published: September 2023

A physical model that can quantitatively describe the spontaneous alpha-particle emission mechanism from atomic nuclei in the spherical nucleus approximation has been applied to the evaluation of the half-life of the [Formula: see text]Sm nuclide. The one-parameter, semi-empirical model used in this study has been developed in the frame of a quantum mechanical mechanism of alpha tunnelling through a potential barrier, taking into account centrifugal and overlapping effects. The calculation procedure yielded a value of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Myr for the half-life of the extinct [Formula: see text]Sm isotope. This value, even if in disagreement with the few old measurements performed on the artificially obtained [Formula: see text]Sm, is thought to represent the most reliable indication of the [Formula: see text]-decay rate for such challenging nuclide.
Continuous limit, position controllable singular rogue wave and periodic wave solutions for a discrete reverse-time nonlocal coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wen Xiao-Yong
Published: September 2023

The discrete Ablowitz–Ladik (AL) equation is the discrete version of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which may have potential physical applications in nonlinear optics, polaron motion and anharmonic lattice dynamics. In this paper, a discrete reverse-time nonlocal coupled AL equation is first proposed and studied. First of all, we correspond this new discrete reverse-time nonlocal equation to continuous nonlocal coupled equation by use of the continuous limit technique. Second, we build the generalized [Formula: see text]-fold Darboux transformation for this new discrete equation. As an application, we obtain some novel position controllable nonlocal singular rogue wave (RW) and period wave solutions on constant seed backgrounds, whose structures and positions are controlled by some special parameters. Moreover, we also study dynamical behaviors of some RW solutions via numerical simulations and large asymptotic analysis. These new results and phenomena may be helpful to comprehend some physical phenomena.
Optical absorption enhancement of the GaInAsSb nanopillar arrays for infrared detector
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Liu Lei , Cao Zhihao , Tian Jian , Zhangyang Xingyue , Cheng Hongchang , Guo Xin
Published: September 2023

GaInAsSb has an important application value in the field of infrared photoelectricity. In this paper, the optical properties of Ga[Formula: see text]In[Formula: see text]As[Formula: see text]Sb[Formula: see text] nanopillar arrays with different shapes are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that the peaks of all structures occur at 950[Formula: see text]nm to 1100 nm bands and peak up to 97%. Among them, the period and height of the nanopillars and the inclination angle of the incident light will significantly affect the size of the absorption peak of the nanopillars, but not the peak position. However, with the increase of the diameter, the absorption peak of the nanoparticles showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak position of the absorption peak showed a significant redshift. In addition, for the triangular prism structure, its absorption rate in the array structure with high duty cycle is higher than 90%, which provides an important reference for the preparation of high-density integrated infrared optical detector.
A model of the spin Hall effect in polycrystalline nonmagnetic metals
Authors: Ignatjev V. K. , Perchenko S. V. , Stankevich D. A.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we theoretically investigated the effect of the polycrystalline structure of metal samples on the magnitude of the spin Hall effect. The equation for the dynamics of the averaged over the crystallite momentum of the collectivized conduction electron in the crystalline field of a homogeneous and isotropic polycrystalline metal is obtained. Averaging the obtained equation over all randomly oriented crystallites resulted in an expression for the electric field of the spin Hall effect. It significantly depends on the form of the single-electron atomic radial wave function and on the Hall coefficient. The coefficients of the spin Hall effect for some metals of 3rd–6th periods are calculated. It is shown that the results for nonmagnetic d- and f-metals within the measurement error are consistent with the experimental data. The best match is observed for Pt, [Formula: see text]-W, [Formula: see text]-W, Pd, Nb, Ag, Mo, Cu and Al. A discrepancy of less than 20% was obtained for Au, Ti, Mn. For the considered rare-earth metals (Lu, Ho, Dy, Gd) only for paramagnetic Lu the correspondence of calculation results and experimental data is obtained. For Ho, Dy, and Gd, which exhibit ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states at low temperatures, the discrepancy is more than 35%. Based on the obtained results, the limitations of the developed approach are formulated.
Design a special micro-perforated plate coupled with the labyrinth metamaterial with improved sound absorption properties at medium and low frequencies
Authors: Li Xiuyu , Ma Lifeng , Hu Jiajia , Zhu Zhiyuan
Published: September 2023

The micro-perforated panel structure has good sound absorption performance in medium and high frequencies, and the labyrinth metamaterial structure has good low-frequency sound absorption performance. Both the two structures are relatively simple, and can be obtained by simple processing with resin material, which is convenient for batch production. In order to enhance sound absorption ability for the sound absorption structure within low frequency, this research work has put forward one coupled structure via the micro-perforated panel and three second-order maze metamaterials structure, resulting in a coupled structure with a low-frequency sound absorption performance. Combination of equivalent circuit method calculates acoustic resistance and absorption coefficient for the sound absorption structure, and genetic algorithm has been employed to optimize the parameters of this sound absorption structure. Finally, the theoretical calculations analysis results have been verified by finite element simulation, which shows the trend of the curve of sound absorption coefficient of the two structures was basically consistent. And the sound absorption coefficient of the three peaks is all above 0.7, and the mean value of the sound absorption coefficient is above 0.6 at the acoustic frequency of 0–1500[Formula: see text]Hz, indicating that the coupled structure has a good performance of absorbing medium- and low-frequency sound waves.
A General Approach to Construct Full-Field Responses and High-Resolution Mode Shapes of Bridges Using Sparse Measurements
Authors: He Yi , Yan Zhitao , Yang Judy P.
Published: September 2023

The full-field responses and high-resolution mode shapes are of paramount importance in the detection of bridge damage and finite element model updating. As enlightened by the Fourier series expansion of the mode shapes for a bridge, this study proposes an approach for compressive sensing-based reconstruction of the full-field responses and identification of high-resolution mode shapes, in which a general basis matrix is newly formulated, with particular application to beam-like continuous or non-uniform bridges. The merits of the proposed approach are model-free, output-only, and easy to implement, especially the need of a few sensors. The effectiveness of the approach is validated through both numerical and experimental examples by considering various bridge boundary conditions and non-uniform cross-sections, from which the potential application of this general approach is foreseeable.
Dividend policy effect on common stock price volatility: An empirical evidence from Indian companies
Authors: Goud N. Narsa
Published: September 2023

Despite empirical research, the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility is continuously debatable. This study investigated the relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility of Indian listed companies. The study examined 260 listed companies based on the reliable dividend-paying manners of nonfinancial companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for the financial period from 2014–2015 to 2020–2015. To analyze the data, this study used the panel data models: fixed effects, random effects, and the Hausman test. Finally, this study applied the fixed effect model after careful examination of multicollinearity, endogeneity, and causality issues related to the dataset. The analyses revealed a significant negative relationship between dividend payout and stock price volatility meanwhile, dividend yield and stock price volatility have a positive association. The study outcomes provide information for investors and managers about dividend decision. This study provides an extensive understanding of the emerging stock market fluctuation on the relationship with the dividend policy.
Deep-Sea and Lunar Radioisotopes from Nearby Astrophysical Explosions
Authors: Fields Brian D. , Wallner Anton
Published: September 2023

Live (not decayed) radioisotopes on the Earth and Moon are messengers from recent nearby astrophysical explosions. Measurements of 60Fe in deep-sea samples, Antarctic snow, and lunar regolith reveal two pulses about 3 Myr and 7 Myr ago. Detection of 244Pu in a deep-sea crust indicates a recent r-process event. We review the ultrasensitive accelerator mass spectrometry techniques that enable these findings. We then explore the implications for astrophysics, including supernova nucleosynthesis, particularly the r-process, as well as supernova dust production and the formation of the Local Bubble that envelops the Solar System. The implications go beyond nuclear physics and astrophysics to include studies of heliophysics, astrobiology, geology, and evolutionary biology.
Application of Open-Source, Python-Based Tools for the Simulation of Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Molel Evans Leshinka , Fuller Thomas F.
Published: September 2023

Mathematical models of electrochemical systems are useful to refine our understanding of systems containing complex, coupled phenomena, to design and control electrochemical devices, and to help novices in developing intuition for the behavior of electrochemical systems. Regardless of the application, elucidating the relationship between current and potential is central to understanding how electrochemical systems behave. Here, we report on historical and future perspectives of simulating electrochemical systems with open-source, python-based tools. FEniCSx, a popular open-source computing platform for solving partial differential equations, is applied to the solution of primary and secondary current distributions for two- and three- dimensional geometries. FEniCSx is used on both desktop computers as well as within high performance computing environments, such as Georgia Tech’s PACE. Simulations are known to increase interactions between instructors and students, and to help students visualize content. Recently, python tools have been applied to simple electrochemical systems. Because of the low barrier to entry and access to numerous computational packages, the Anaconda distribution of python is promoted. A series of dynamic simulations are designed to help students improve their understanding of electrochemical systems. These simulations feature animation and use of widgets that allow students to adjust parameters and immediately observe the results.
Analytical Solutions to Characterize Through-Plane Inhomogeneity of Porous Electrodes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Choudhury Basudev , Suthar Bharatkumar
Published: September 2023

Characterization of through-plane inhomogeneity in porous media requires knowledge of the distribution of porosity, tortuosity, and double-layer capacitance across the thickness. The thickness-averaged or apparent values of these parameters may not be sufficient to model the transport processes in batteries and fuel cells accurately. Cleverly designed through-plane inhomogeneities can improve the performance of electrochemical systems (e.g., graded-porosity electrodes for batteries or gas diffusion media for fuel cell). In some cases, inhomogeneity can result from manufacturing steps; for example, tortuosity variation due to binder migration in the fast slurry-drying step. In this work, we extend the impedance-based approach to characterize the inhomogeneity of a porous electrode in the through-plane direction. We derive analytical expressions for the impedance response of an electrode having three types of inhomogeneities (step-wise, linear, and inverse-linear variation) in a symmetric cell setup having non-reacting electrode/electrolyte interface (blocking electrode or electrolyte method). We also provide perturbation-theory based approximate solutions and expressions for semi-infinite domain to enable the development of an impedance-based fitting tool for inhomogeneous electrodes. In the end, we provide an impedance-based experimental investigation of gas diffusion media (composite layer) using symmetric cell setup to demonstrate the applicability of the theory and understanding derived in this work.
On Parametric and Matrix Solutions to the Diophantine Equation x2 + dy2 − z2 = 0 Where d Is a Positive Square‐Free Integer
Authors: Shaw James D. , Guyker James
Published: September 2023

The well‐known matrix‐generated tree structure for Pythagorean triplets is extended to the primitive solutions of the Diophantine equation x2 + dy2 − z2 = 0 where d is a positive square‐free integer. The proof is based on a parametrization of these solutions as well as on a dual version of the Fermat’s method of descent.
An Improved Approach of Classical Upper Bound Theory for Stability Analysis of Layered Slopes
Authors: Tian ZeRun , Zhang YanHong , Wei XiTong , Li Fei , Guo YaFeng
Published: September 2023

The equations for the critical height of layered slope were derived by a related researcher, but they lack details and do not agree with the method of limit equilibrium. So this topic was reinvestigated. Considering the possible global or local failure modes of the layered slope, the equations for the critical height of the above modes are derived based on the upper limit theorem by using rotational failure mechanisms or rotational and translational failure mechanisms. Based on the above theory, the stability coefficients of layered slope are investigated. The results show that the presented upper bound approach has better performance than other methods mentioned in the literature and is consistent with the limit equilibrium method. In combination with the strength reduction method, the global and local stability of the layered slope are analyzed using the several examples. The high-calculation accuracy of presented method and the specific measures to improve the smoothness of the sliding surface are reviewed. From the perspective of the combination of sliding surfaces, the dimensionless parameter vector of the layered slope is introduced. The possible limitations of the upper bound limit approach with log spirals are pointed out and the conditions which must be fulfilled in order to achieve a higher computational accuracy are mentioned.
A Retrospective Statistical Analysis of Vitiligo Exacerbation after COVID‐19 Vaccination in China
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Yaojun , Zhang Yue , Chi Jiaoni , Li Qiang
Published: September 2023

At present, COVID‐19 vaccination is an effective method to stop the spread of the epidemic and reduce disease severity and mortality. It has been reported that COVID‐19 vaccine can activate several autoimmune diseases. However, whether it can affect development of vitiligo remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible risk factors of vitiligo disease activity or recurrence after COVID‐19 vaccination. We recruited 383 vitiligo patients, of whom 126 were not vaccinated and 257 had received the COVID‐19 vaccine. Vitiligo disease activity (VIDA) score was used to analyze key risk factors of vitiligo in patients who underwent COVID‐19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors associated with VIDA. Compared with patients without history of undergoing vaccination, the VIDA score of vaccinated patients increased significantly (3(2, 4) vs. 3(2, 3) scores, P  <  0.01). Logistic regression analysis identified COVID‐19 vaccination (odds ratio (OR): 3.040, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.649–5.603) as an independent risk factor for VIDA. The data showed that COVID‐19 vaccination aggravated the development of vitiligo, which is a key risk factor for recurrence.
Research on Chaotic Chimp Optimization Algorithm Based on Adaptive Tuning and Its Optimization for Engineering Application
Authors: Lei Wenli , Jia Kun , Zhang Xin , Lei Yang
Published: September 2023

The original Chimp Optimization Algorithm has disadvantages such as slow convergence, the tendency to fall into local optima, and low accuracy in finding the best. To alleviate the existing problems, a chaotic chimp optimization algorithm based on adaptive tuning is proposed. First, sine chaos mapping was used to initialize the chimpanzee population and enhance the quality and diversity of the initialized population. Then the global search capability and local exploitation capability of the optimization algorithm at iteration are enhanced by improving the convergence factor f and dynamically changing the number of chimpanzee precedence echelons. Finally, 10 benchmark functions are used to test the optimization‐seeking performance of the Improved Chimp Optimization Algorithm, while an engineering design optimization problem is introduced to compare the experimental results with other swarm intelligence optimization algorithms. The Improved Chimp Optimization Algorithm is shown to have better convergence and solution accuracy, resulting in an improvement in the global optimization‐seeking capability of the original Chimp Optimization Algorithm.
The Crucial Role of Diet Therapy and Selenium on the Evolution of Clinical and Paraclinical Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Danciu Adrian Marius , Ghitea Timea Claudia , Bungau Alexa Florina , Vesa Cosmin Mihai
Published: September 2023

Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and represents a complex disease association that has become a major challenge in the field of public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of introducing selenium in the management of OS, while considering a balanced diet based on a healthy lifestyle and dietary therapy. A total of 206 individuals participated voluntarily in the study, divided into three groups: the control group with 35 individuals (17.0%) designated as control lot (LC), the group undergoing diet therapy with 119 individuals (57.8%) designated as diet therapy lot (LD), and the group undergoing diet therapy supplemented with selenium consisting of 52 individuals (25.2%) designated as diet therapy with selenium lot (LD + Se). The study assessed various clinical parameters (such as body mass index (BMI), body weight status, fat mass, visceral fat, and sarcopenic index), paraclinical parameters (including HOMA index, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HGS)), as well as OS parameters (measured using the FORD test, FORT test, and MIXED test). The LD + Se group demonstrated the most favourable results in terms of BMI reduction, decreased fat and visceral mass, reduced levels of C-reactive protein, and improved glycosylated haemoglobin levels. By implementing a balanced diet therapy and supplementing the diet with selenium, it was possible to achieve a reduction in adipose tissue and glycosylated haemoglobin levels, ultimately contributing to the reduction of OS in the body.
Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Vaccination for Negative Conversion Time of Nucleic Acid in Nonsevere COVID-19 Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Zhu Kongbo , Ma Shaolei , Chen Hui , Xie Jianfeng , Huang Dan , Hou Zhenghua , Qiu Shanhu , Ma Genshan , Huang Yingzi
Published: September 2023

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is significantly different from all the previous variants and has rapidly replaced other variants as the dominant variant across the globe. An easily obtained, inexpensive, and rapid marker is needed to predict the negative conversion time (NCT) of nucleic acid in nonsevere COVID-19 patients infected by the Omicron variant. This retrospective study enrolled 226 patients infected by the Omicron variant between April 23, 2022, and May 16, 2022. The median age of the patients was 61 (interquartile range (IQR), 48–70) years, and 56.2% were male. 84 patients (37.2%) had at least one comorbidity, and 49 patients (21.7%) were classified into the moderate illness group. 145 patients (64.2%) received at least one dose of vaccine, in which 67 patients (29.6%) received a booster dose of vaccine. The median duration of NCT was 8 (IQR, 7–11) days. Univariate Cox analyses found that high NLR (>2.22), aged ≥65 years, vaccination, and moderate illness were significantly related to the NCT of nucleic acid. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high NLR (NLR > 2.22, hazard ratio (HR):0.718, 95% CI: 0.534–0.964,

p

 = 0.028) and vaccination (vaccinated ≥1 dose, HR: 1.536, 95% CI: 1.147–2.058,

p

 = 0.004) were independently associated with NCT of nucleic acid. NLR is a rapid, simple, and useful prognostic factor for predicting NCT of nucleic acid in nonsevere COVID-19 patients with the Omicron variant. In addition, vaccination may also play a valuable role in predicting the NCT of nucleic acid.
Some New Fractional Weighted Simpson Type Inequalities for Functions Whose First Derivatives Are Convex
Authors: Meftah Badreddine , Boulares Hamid , Shafqat Ramsha , Ben Makhlouf A. , Benaicha Ramzi
Published: September 2023

The goal of this paper is to establish some weighted Simpson type inequalities for functions whose first derivatives are convex involving Reimann–Liouville integral operators. In order to obtain our results, we first prove a new integral identity as an auxiliary result. Based on this identity we establish some fractional weighted Simpson type inequalities for functions whose modulus of the first derivatives are convex. Several special cases are discussed. Error estimates for some numerical quadrature rules are furnished.
Cross-talk between PARN and EGFR–STAT3 Signaling Facilitates Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Yin Jinlong , Seo Yoona , Rhim Jiho , Jin Xiong , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Sung Soo , Hong Jun-Hee , Gwak Ho-Shin , Yoo Heon , Park Jong Bae , Kim Jong Heon
Published: September 2023

Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and displays highly aggressive and heterogeneous phenotypes. The transcription factor STAT3 has been reported to play a key role in glioblastoma malignancy. Thus, discovering targets and functional downstream networks regulated by STAT3 that govern glioblastoma pathogenesis may lead to improved treatment strategies. In this study, we identified that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), a key modulator of RNA metabolism, activates EGFR–STAT3 signaling to support glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Functional integrative analysis of STAT3 found PARN as the top-scoring transcriptional target involved in RNA processing in patients with glioblastoma, and PARN expression was strongly correlated with poor patient survival and elevated malignancy. PARN positively regulated self-renewal and proliferation of GSCs through its 3′–5′ exoribonuclease activity. EGFR was identified as a clinically relevant target of PARN in GSCs. PARN positively modulated EGFR by negatively regulating the EGFR-targeting miRNA miR-7, and increased EGFR expression created a positive feedback loop to increase STAT3 activation. PARN depletion in GSCs reduced infiltration and prolonged survival in orthotopic brain tumor xenografts; similar results were observed using siRNA nanocapsule-mediated PARN targeting. Pharmacological targeting of STAT3 also confirmed PARN regulation by STAT3 signaling. In sum, these results suggest that a STAT3-PARN regulatory network plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and thus may represent a target for glioblastoma therapeutics.

Significance:

A positive feedback loop comprising PARN and EGFR–STAT3 signaling supports self-renewal and proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells to drive tumor progression and can be targeted in glioblastoma therapeutics.
Tamoxifen Response at Single-Cell Resolution in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Primary Human Breast Tumors
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Whitman Austin A. , Wisniewska Kamila , Kakati Rasha T. , Garcia-Recio Susana , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Franco Hector L. , Perou Charles M. , Spanheimer Philip M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

In estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/HER2− breast cancer, multiple measures of intratumor heterogeneity are associated with a worse response to endocrine therapy. We sought to develop a novel experimental model to measure heterogeneity in response to tamoxifen treatment in primary breast tumors.

Experimental Design:

To investigate heterogeneity in response to treatment, we developed an operating room-to-laboratory pipeline for the collection of live normal breast specimens and human tumors immediately after surgical resection for processing into single-cell workflows for experimentation and genomic analyses. Live primary cell suspensions were treated ex vivo with tamoxifen (10 μmol/L) or control media for 12 hours, and single-cell RNA libraries were generated using the 10X Genomics droplet-based kit.

Results:

In total, we obtained and processed normal breast tissue from two women undergoing reduction mammoplasty and tumor tissue from 10 women with ER+/HER2− invasive breast carcinoma. We demonstrate differences in tamoxifen response by cell type and identify distinctly responsive and resistant subpopulations within the malignant cell compartment of human tumors. Tamoxifen resistance signatures from resistant subpopulations predict poor outcomes in two large cohorts of ER+ breast cancer patients and are enriched in endocrine therapy–resistant tumors.

Conclusions:

This novel ex vivo model system now provides the foundation to define responsive and resistant subpopulations within heterogeneous human tumors, which can be used to develop precise single cell–based predictors of response to therapy and to identify genes and pathways driving therapeutic resistance.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma: A Promising and Safe Therapeutic Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Bai Fan , Ran Yutong , Zhai Siyue , Xia Yumin
Published: September 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Microbial infection, immune system dysfunction, and skin barrier defunctionalization have been regarded as the central events in AD pathogenesis. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an unbound system composed of many free electrons, ions, and neutral particles, with macroscopic time and spatial scales. Based on dielectric barrier discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, or arch discharge, CAP is generated at normal atmospheric pressure. Its special physical properties maintain its temperature at 20°C–40°C, combining the advantages of high safety and strong ionic activity. CAP has been tentatively used in inflammatory or pruritic skin disorders such as psoriasis, pruritus, and ichthyosis. Increasing data suggest that CAP can attack the microbial structure due to its unique effects, such as heat, ultraviolet radiation, and free radicals, resulting in its inactivation. Meanwhile, CAP regulates reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in and out of the cells, thereby improving cell immunocompetence. In addition, CAP has a beneficial effect on the skin barrier function via changing the skin lipid contents and increasing the skin permeability to drugs. This review summarizes the potential effects of CAP on the major pathogenic causes of AD and discusses the safety of CAP application in dermatology in order to expand the clinical application value of CAP to AD.
Expansion of Pathogenic Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Ma Pan , Liu Jing , Qin Juan , Lai Lulu , Heo Gyu Seong , Luehmann Hannah , Sultan Deborah , Bredemeyer Andrea , Bajapa Geetika , Feng Guoshuai , Jimenez Jesus , He Ruijun , Parks Antanisha , Amrute Junedh , Villanueva Ana , Liu Yongjian , Lin Chieh-Yu , Mack Matthias , Amancherla Kaushik , Moslehi Javid , Lavine Kory J.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibodies targeting PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1)/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) or CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4), have revolutionized cancer management but are associated with devastating immune-related adverse events including myocarditis. The main risk factor for ICI myocarditis is the use of combination PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibition. ICI myocarditis is often fulminant and is pathologically characterized by myocardial infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Although much has been learned about the role of T-cells in ICI myocarditis, little is understood about the identity, transcriptional diversity, and functions of infiltrating macrophages.

METHODS:

We used an established murine ICI myocarditis model (
Ctla4

+/–

Pdcd1

–/–

mice) to explore the cardiac immune landscape using single-cell RNA-sequencing, immunostaining, flow cytometry, in situ RNA hybridization, molecular imaging, and antibody neutralization studies.

RESULTS:

We observed marked increases in CCR2 (C-C chemokine receptor type 2)
+
monocyte-derived macrophages and CD8
+
T-cells in this model. The macrophage compartment was heterogeneous and displayed marked enrichment in an inflammatory CCR2
+
subpopulation highly expressing
Cxcl9
(chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9),
Cxcl10
(chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 10),
Gbp2b
(interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 2b), and
Fcgr4
(Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IV) that originated from CCR2
+
monocytes. It is important that a similar macrophage population expressing
CXCL9
,
CXCL10
, and CD16α (human homologue of mouse FcgR4) was expanded in patients with ICI myocarditis. In silico prediction of cell-cell communication suggested interactions between T-cells and
Cxcl9

+

Cxcl10

+

macrophages via IFN-γ (interferon gamma) and CXCR3 (CXC chemokine receptor 3) signaling pathways. Depleting CD8
+
T-cells or macrophages and blockade of IFN-γ signaling blunted the expansion of
Cxcl9

+

Cxcl10

+

macrophages in the heart and attenuated myocarditis, suggesting that this interaction was necessary for disease pathogenesis.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data demonstrate that ICI myocarditis is associated with the expansion of a specific population of IFN-γ–induced inflammatory macrophages and suggest the possibility that IFN-γ blockade may be considered as a treatment option for this devastating condition.
Nomenclatural transfer of Manfreda arceliensis to Agave (Asparagaceae)
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , ZHANG ZHIYONG
Published: September 2023

For the recently published Manfreda arceliensis from Mexico, a binomial in Agave is proposed: Agave arceliensis (Art.Castro, J.G. Zavala & Cruz Durán) Idrees & Z.Yong Zhang, comb. nov. Additionally, the name Manfreda justosierrana (≡ Agave justosierrana) is lectotypified here.
Arxiella longispora (Muyocopronaceae), a new fungal species from forest litters in Northeast China
Authors: XU YUE , DU TINGTING , LIU YAO , QIU TIANYI , GAO SIYU , MENG WEI , XU LIJIAN
Published: September 2023

Arxiella longispora was isolated from forest litters in Northeast China. This new species is morphologically characterized by its shape and dimension of conidia and colonies on PDA and MEA. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis based on a multi-gene dataset consisting of ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tef1 supported the placement of A. longispora in the genus Arxiella as a new species.
A New Species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia
Authors: JARA-MUÑOZ O.A. , MOONLIGHT P.W. , ZABALA-RIVERA J.C.
Published: September 2023

A new species of Begonia section Ruizopavonia is here described and illustrated, and a key for the Colombian species of the section is also provided. The new species grows on the eastern side of the eastern Colombian Cordillera and can be recognized among species in the same section bearing staminate flowers with 4 tepals and pistillate flowers with 3 tepals by the larger outer tepals on both the staminate and pistillate flowers (>9.5 mm long). We assess the new species as Endangered (EN) under IUCN criteria; its protection is therefore recommended.
Lectotypification and new data on the distribution of Begonia anisoptera (Begoniaceae, section Baryandra), a species endemic to the Zamboanga Peninsula
Authors: ANCHETA DONNAFE J. , AMPARADO OLIVE A. , YU WEN-BIN , NAIVE MARK ARCEBAL K.
Published: September 2023

Recent botanical excursions resulted in the recollection of Begonia anisoptera, as part of our ongoing work on exploring and conserving the flora of Zamboanga Peninsula. We lectotypify this name in accordance with ICN for algae, fungi, and plants of the Shenzhen code Art. 9.3, 9.11 and 9.12. Furthermore, we have provided a comprehensive description, photographs to aid identification, updated geographical distribution, and a preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.
Cognitive Linguistic Theory and the Biblical Languages
Authors: Ross William A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces Cognitive Linguistic theory with special at-tention to its application to the study of the ancient languages of the Bible. Beginning with a brief survey of the historical background and origins of Cognitive Linguistics, this chapter then identifies four key theoretical commitments that unify an otherwise diverse ap-proach. Subsequently, this chapter identifies six major concepts within Cognitive Linguistics—image schemas, frame semantics, domains and conceptual metaphor, mental spaces and conceptual blending, prototypes and semantic extension, and cognitive ap-proaches to grammar—explaining them in some detail and demon-strating their application to biblical texts in either Greek or Hebrew. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the use of Cognitive Lin-guistics within biblical studies over the past few decades, highlight-ing recent applications and identifying potential for future research. Key words: Cognitive Linguistics; Greek; Hebrew; Biblical Lan-guages; Biblical Studies
Interaction of the Convective Energy Cycle and Large-Scale Dynamics
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Plant Robert S.
Published: September 2023

The importance of the convective life cycle in tropical large-scale dynamics has long been emphasized, but without explicit analysis. The present work provides it by coupling the convective energy cycle under the framework of Arakawa and Schubert’s convection parameterization with a shallow-water analog atmosphere. A careful derivation of the system is first presented, because it is rather missing in the literature. The squared frequency of linear convectively coupled waves is given by a squared sum of the dry gravity wave and the convective energy cycle frequencies, shortening the period of the convective cycle through the large-scale coupling. In a weakly nonlinear regime, the system follows an equation analogous to the Korteweg–de Vries equation, which exhibits a solitary wave solution, with behavior reminiscent of observed tropical westerly wind bursts.

Significance Statement

The present work suggests that a nonlinear description of a large-scale tropical system with an explicit convective life cycle may provide a simple model of tropical westerly wind bursts. At the same time, an important lesson to learn is that, if the focus of a study is on the global scale of the atmosphere, it is wise not to try to include a convective life cycle explicitly into the model. Such a configuration will simply be dominated by the short convective-scale variabilities, which one would wish to filter out.
Decadal Change in Cold Surges over the South China Sea
Authors: Pang Bo , Lu Riyu , Adam A. Scaife , Ren Rongcai
Published: September 2023

This study identifies that cold surges over the South China Sea (SCS) have experienced a significant change on decadal time scales. The results indicate that cold surges occur more frequently after the early 2000s than before and are at least partially explained by changes in circulation patterns. Both the negative phase of the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern and the cold phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) can induce increased cold surges and the IPO effect dominates in recent decades. When the IPO shifts to its cold phase, low-level cyclones are induced over the western North Pacific through a Gill response. The northeasterlies along the northwest flank of the cyclones further lead to intensified cold surges over the SCS. The above processes can be reproduced in coupled models, suggesting a robust connection between the IPO and cold surges. The present findings highlight the role of tropical forcing and bring insight into understanding of the future climate variability and change over East Asia during boreal winter.
Butterfly effects in global trade: International borders, disputes, and trade disruption and diversion
Authors: Brutger Ryan , Marple Tim
Published: September 2023

This article theorizes and tests how different types of interstate conflict across borders affect trade between disputing parties and trade diversion with third parties. Building on theories of borders as institutions, we differentiate the effects of two types of international disputes – border disputes and escalated militarized disputes – and draw on 60 years of trade and conflict data to test the effects of these disputes on bilateral and third-party trade flows. We find that border disputes and militarized disputes each depress trade flows between the disputing countries. However, legal border disputes are associated with increased trade diversion with non-disputing countries, which may fully offset the forgone bilateral trade, whereas militarized disputes have the opposite effect. These results show that actors engaged in trade can offset bilateral trade losses from a border dispute by expanding trade with third parties not involved in the dispute, but the same cannot be said of offsetting the losses from militarized disputes. The fact that border disputes and militarized disputes have opposite effects on trade diversion highlights the importance of examining both the type of dispute and the type of trade flows that are affected when studying conflict and trade and evaluating the potentially pacifying incentives of international trade.
Reframing High-Quality Mentoring: Between Teacher Mentoring and Visions of Teaching as a Profession
Authors: Carmi Tal
Published: September 2023

Visions of teacher professionalism may shape common conceptualizations of high-quality mentoring, sometimes distortedly. Nevertheless, this relationship is often unnoticed, and studies rarely analyze mentor–teachers’ work according to their interrelating visions. This multiple case study aimed at this literature gap. It examined the goals that accomplished mentor-teachers promoted and their practices and found four mentoring styles that characterized these mentors. After, it interrogated how the mentoring styles interrelated with three distinct visions of teacher professionalism (teachers as intellectuals, craftspeople, or artists). Findings challenge the idea that mentor-teachers’ work can be evaluated as either advancing or degrading teacher professionalism. The study questions this framing of mentoring literature and suggests that a bipolar logic could mislead us to forsake essential aspects of mentoring, for instance, ones associated with apprenticeship relations. The study concludes by offering to replace the bipolar logic with a more balanced consideration of the different aspects of teacher mentoring.
Intention to Leave Nursing Profession and Its Associated Factors Among Nurses: A Facility Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tadesse Bulti , Dechasa Abebe , Ayana Mulatu , Tura Meseret Robi
Published: September 2023

Nurses’ intention of leaving their profession is the main challenge for healthcare and hospital administrators in many countries. It has significant impact on the performance, stability and productivity of health facilities. However, there is limited evidence on the nurses’ intention to leave their profession and associated factors among nurses in developing countries including Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess intention to leave nursing profession and its associated factors among nurses working in West Shoa Zone public Hospitals, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia, 2020. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 nurses working in West Shoa zone public hospitals, Ethiopia from May 1 to 30, 2020. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Structured self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency mean and standard deviation was computed to describe variables of the study. All covariates that were significant at P value <0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were considered for further multivariable logistic regression analysis. Backward stepwise logistic regression model was fitted, crude ratio and odds ratio were calculated for factors at 95% confidence interval (CI). Level of statistical significance was declared at P value <0.05. In this study, the overall nurses’ intention to leave nursing profession was 61.3% [95% CI (56.5%, 66.2%)]. Nurses’ educational status, age, working experience, working position, professional commitment, job stress, job satisfaction and organizational factor were significantly associated with nurses’ intention to leave their profession. The overall nurses’ intention to leave their profession was high. Reducing this level of leaving intention needs collaborative intervention related to factors like safety of working environment, job related stress, job satisfaction, professional commitment and education opportunities which are a big homework for managers on health sectors of West Shoa zone public Hospitals and higher level health sector managers.
Do Psychology Students Believe Mental Health Myths more than Medical Students? A Response from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Andrade Gabriel , Bedewy Dalia , Abo Hamza Eid G.
Published: September 2023

Background

Previous work has been done on assessing how much psychology students believe myths, as compared to the general population. This study focuses on the mental health myths discussed in the book 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology.

Objective

This study seeks to investigate if Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (MBBS, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) students are more likely than psychology students to accept mental health myths.

Methods

One hundred and two MBBS students and 209 psychology students at a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were compared in their level of adherence to mental health myths. The measure was based on Lilienfeld et al.'s list of myths focused on mental health, and the comparison was done with a Mann-Whitney test.

Results

Psychology students came out with greater levels of acceptance of mental health myths. In both groups, the most believed myth pertained to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Conclusion

In the UAE, students from both MBBS and psychology programs are prone to accepting mental health myths. The lower adherence to mental health myths amongst MBBS students may be due to stricter admissions policies.

Teaching implications

In the UAE, both MBBS and psychology programs must target efforts in expanding the critical thinking abilities of students, to dispel mental health myths.
Nasal Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma: Three Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liao Jiangxue , Zhang Xuge , Xu Wei , Li Fei , Qin Gang
Published: September 2023

Hamartomas, as non-true tumors, are commonly found in the lungs, digestive tract, and kidneys, and there are few clinical reports on nasal cases. Nasal histiocytosis accompanied by lymphatic lesions is a common feature of nasal hamartoma. Three patients with nasal cavity hamartoma were treated in our department, including 1 male and 2 females, with nasal obstruction or epistaxis. The imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) of 2 patients showed a soft tissue mass in the nasal cavity and no erosion of bone, while in 1 patient, the imaging was inconclusive. The excised material in all patients was found to be a soft mass. The 3 cases showed the same pattern under histological examination, and all 3 patients were diagnosed with nasal cavity respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH). Nasal hamartoma is a rare disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations and imaging features and is often misdiagnosed. Only by a better understanding of this disease can the rate of correct clinical diagnosis be improved.