bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Number nativism1
Authors: Clarke Sam
Published: September 2024

Number Nativism is the view that humans innately represent precise natural numbers. Despite a long and venerable history, it is often considered hopelessly out of touch with the empirical record. I argue that this is a mistake. After clarifying Number Nativism and distancing it from related conjectures, I distinguish three arguments which have been seen to refute the view. I argue that, while popular, two of these arguments miss the mark, and fail to place pressure on Number Nativism. Meanwhile, a third argument is best construed as a challenge: rather than refuting Number Nativism, it challenges its proponents to provide positive evidence for their thesis and show that this can be squared with apparent counterevidence. In response, I introduce psycholinguistic work on The Tolerance Principle (not yet considered in this context), propose that it is hard to make sense of without positing precise and innate representations of natural numbers, and argue that there is no obvious reason why these innate representations couldn't serve as a basis for mature numeric conception.
Effect of different weight initialization strategies on transfer learning for plant disease detection
Authors: Sinanc Terzi Duygu
Published: September 2024

The weight initialization technique for transfer learning refers to the practice of using pretrained models that can be modified to solve new problems, instead of starting the training process from scratch. In this study, six different transfer learning weight initialization strategies were proposed for plant disease detection: scratch (i.e., random initialization), pretrained model on cross‐domain (ImageNet), model trained on related domain (ISIC 2019), model trained on related domain (ISIC 2019) with cross‐domain (ImageNet) weights, model trained on same domain (PlantVillage), and model trained on same domain (PlantVillage) with cross‐domain weights (ImageNet). Weights from each strategy were transferred to a target dataset (Plant Pathology 2021). These strategies were implemented using eight deep learning architectures. It was observed that transferring from any strategy led to an average acceleration of convergence ranging from 33.88% to 73.16% in mean loss and an improvement of 8.72%–42.12% in mean F1‐score compared to the scratch strategy. Moreover, although smaller and less comprehensive than ImageNet, transferring information from the same domain or related domain proved to be competitive compared to transferring from ImageNet. This indicates that ImageNet, which is widely favoured in the literature, may not necessarily represent the most optimal transfer source for the given context. In addition, to identify which strategies have significant differences, a post hoc analysis using Tukey's HSD test was conducted. Finally, the classifications made by the proposed models were visualized using Grad‐CAM to provide a qualitative understanding of how different weight initialization strategies affect the focus areas of the models.
Does cognitive control mediate the relationship between peer presence and adolescent risk‐taking? An ERP study
Authors: Guo Mingyu , Lu Yafei , Zhai Ruonan , Tian Lumei
Published: September 2024

Peer presence influences risk‐taking behavior, particularly in adolescence. Based on the dual system model, this event‐related potential study examined whether and how the presence of a peer displayed a preference for risky behavior would increase adolescents' risk‐taking by disrupting their cognitive control processes in either emotional or non‐emotional contexts. A sample of 106 adolescents (17–19 years of age) completed two Stoop tasks and a Balloon Analog Risk Task under three peer presence conditions. Results revealed that compared to other conditions, the presence of a risk‐averse peer caused adolescents to make safer decisions through improving their conflict monitoring (more negative N200‐diff), whereas a risk‐preference peer's presence led adolescents to more risky decisions through disrupting their conflict resolution (more positive N450‐diff) but they were only observed on the Emotional Stroop task. These findings suggest that different peer presence contexts could increase or decrease adolescents' risk‐taking behaviors by influencing their cognitive control under an emotional context rather than in a non‐emotional context.
Survival rates of branching Acropora morphologies on coral rubble stabilization structures
Authors: Watt‐Pringle Rowan , Smith David J. , Ambo‐Rappe Rohani , Kaimuddin Muslimin , Jompa Jamaluddin
Published: September 2024

Compact bushy and expansive branching Acropora survival rates were compared in an experimental restoration setting. Coral fragments were sourced as corals of opportunity (CoPs) or refragmented from CoPs reared on a floating mid‐water rope nursery. Fragments were attached in single‐species and mixed‐species aggregations to modular substrate stabilization structures (reef stars) on degraded, unconsolidated dead coral rubble slopes in Wakatobi Marine National Park, central Indonesia. In total, 1440 Acropora fragments were outplanted to 96 reef stars across five experimental restoration blocks at 14 m depth. Fragment survival was recorded 40–44 months post‐attachment. Survival had a significant relationship with fragment morphology (p < 0.001) and aggregation type (p < 0.01). Sourcing fragments as CoPs or from the nursery did not have a significant relationship with survival. No significant relationships were found with fragment survival for any interactions between morphology, outplanted aggregation, and source. Survival rates for bushy Acropora were 3.44 times and 5.25 times higher than for expansive species for direct CoP outplants and nursery‐reared corals, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential efficacy of returning complex bushy branching Acropora morphologies to mid‐depth reef slopes previously dominated by the genus, using single‐species aggregations interspersed with mixed‐species aggregations. The study also supports using mid‐water nurseries to create a closed or semi‐closed nursery cycle to scale up restoration, and proposes introducing the term “biomass production system” to distinguish this as a process distinct from other coral nursery approaches.
Comparison of facial skin ageing in healthy Asian and Caucasian females quantified by in vivo line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography 3D imaging
Authors: Ali Assi , Colombe Lopez , Mélanie Pedrazzani , Agnes Pignol‐Lavoix , Meryem Nili , Samuel Ralambondrainy , Guénolé Grignon , Jean‐Hubert Cauchard , Rodolphe Korichi , Franck Bonnier
Published: September 2024

Background

Quantitative biomarkers of facial skin aging were investigated in 109 healthy Asian female volunteers, aged 20 to 70 years.

Materials and Methods

In vivo 3D Line‐field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC‐OCT) imaging, enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐based quantification algorithms, was utilized to compute various metrics, including stratum corneum thickness (SC), viable epidermal (VE) thickness, and Dermal‐Epidermal Junction (DEJ) undulation along with cellular metrics for the temple, cheekbone, and mandible.

Results

Comparison with data from a cohort of healthy Caucasian volunteers revealed similarities in the variations of stratum corneum and viable epidermis layers, as well as cellular shape and size with age in both ethnic groups. However, specific findings emerged, such as larger, more heterogeneous nuclei in both layers, demonstrated by an increase in nuclei volume and their standard deviation, and increased network atypia, all showing significant age‐related variations. Caucasian females exhibited a flatter and more homogeneous epidermis, evidenced by a decreased standard deviation of the number of layers, and a less dense cellular network with fewer cells per layer, indicated by a decrease in cell surface density.

Conclusion

Ethnicity‐wise comparisons highlighted distinct biological features specific to each population. Asian individuals showed significantly higher DEJ undulation, higher compactness, and lower cell network atypia compared to their Caucasian counterparts across age groups. Differences in stratum corneum and viable epidermal thickness on the cheekbone were also significant. LC‐OCT 3D imaging provides valuable insights into the aging process in different populations and underscores inherent biological differences between Caucasian and Asian female volunteers.
Investigating the efficacy of Endolift laser and Nanofat as a combination therapy for horizontal neck lines compared to Nanofat autologous alone
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Rafiee Shohreh , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Fakhim Tannaz , Nobari Niloufar Najar , Shahverdi Mohammadhasan , Lotfi Zahra , Zare Sona , Torkamaniha Elham , Alavi Shiva
Published: September 2024

Background

The emergence of horizontal neck wrinkles is increasingly becoming a focal point for both cosmetic professionals and clients. Various treatment approaches must be considered to address this issue effectively, owing to its diverse underlying causes. The study explores the potential of utilizing the Endolift laser in conjunction with nanofat injection as a viable treatment option.

Methods

Twenty patients with horizontal neck wrinkles involved in the study. Ten patients underwent treatment with a combination of Endolift laser and nanofat injection and 10 patients treated with nanofat injection alone. The participants were monitored for 6 months post‐treatment. Biometric measurements were utilized to assess outcomes, including changes in volume, depth, and area of the wrinkles, skin elasticity, as well as the diameter and density of the epidermis and dermis in the treated area. Skin improvement was evaluated by two independent dermatologists, who compared before and after photos in a blinded manner. Patient satisfaction levels were also documented.

Results

The Visioface analysis showed a notable decrease in neck wrinkle depth and area in both groups. However, the group receiving the combination treatment of Endolift laser and nanofat exhibited a significantly greater improvement compared to the group treated with nanofat alone. Skin ultrasonography results demonstrated an increase in thickness and density of the dermis and epidermis in both groups. Particularly, the group treated with Endolift laser‐nanofat displayed significant enhancements in dermis and epidermis density and thickness when contrasted with the nanofat‐only group. Analysis with Cutometer revealed a marked enhancement in skin elasticity in the Endolift‐nanofat treated group in comparison to the nanofat‐only treated group. Furthermore, in the Endolift‐nanofat treated group, a substantial majority (90%) of patients exhibited improvement. Patient evaluations highlighted significant distinctions between the two groups, with 95% of patients in the Endolift‐nanofat treated group demonstrating enhancement.

Conclusion

Both methods notably enhance horizontal neck wrinkles; nevertheless, the combination of endolift laser and nanofat seems to be more efficient for treating horizontal neck wrinkles.
Skin microbiome and causal relationships in three dermatological diseases: Evidence from Mendelian randomization and Bayesian weighting
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Chen Shiyu , Chen Shupeng , Cheng Shiping , Lan Hongrong , Wu Yunbo , Qiu Guirong , Zhang Lingjin
Published: September 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), rosacea, and other related immune skin diseases are affected by multiple complex factors such as genetic and microbial components. This research investigates the causal relationships between specific skin microbiota and these diseases by using Mendelian randomization (MR), and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR).

Methods

We utilized genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data to analyze the associations between various skin bacteria and three dermatological diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) served as instrumental variables (IVs) in MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), and MR Egger. BWMR was employed to validate results and address pleiotropy.

Results

The IVW analysis identified significant associations between specific skin microbiota and dermatological diseases. ASV006_Dry, ASV076_Dry, and Haemophilus_Dry were significantly positively associated with AD, whereas Kocuria_Dry was negatively associated. In PSO, ASV005_Dry was negatively associated, whereas ASV004_Dry, Rothia_Dry, and Streptococcus_Moist showed positive associations. For rosacea, ASV023_Dry was significantly positively associated, while ASV016_Moist, Finegoldia_Dry, and Rhodobacteraceae_Moist were significantly negatively associated. These results were corroborated by BWMR analysis.

Conclusion

Bacterial species such as Finegoldia, Rothia, and Streptococcus play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD, PSO, and rosacea. Understanding these microbial interactions can aid in developing targeted treatments and preventive strategies, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
Effects of unbalanced fertilizer use on system productivity and profitability under rice‐based cropping systems: Evidence from Eastern Gangetic Plain
Authors: Islam Md. Shofiqul , Bell Richard W. , Miah M. A. Monayem , Alam Mohammad Jahangir
Published: September 2024

Unbalanced nutrient supply is one of the key causes of yield gaps and low farming profitability which impact food insecurity globally. However, the effects of an unbalanced nutrient supply on rice yields and farming profitability have not been quantified for diverse rice‐based cropping systems. To explore the effects, 412 respondents (mostly smallholder farmers) were surveyed in 2019 for the rice crops in three fully rice‐based cropping systems in four agro‐ecological zones of Bangladesh. Two robust estimation approaches namely propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression approaches were used to quantify the effects of unbalanced fertilizer use. The results show that about 68% of farmers in the study areas used unbalanced (over‐doses or under‐doses) nutrient rates relative to government‐endorsed recommendations. Adoption of recommended fertilizer rates was influenced by education, amount of organic manure used, off‐farm income, crop farming‐related training, organizational membership and lack of soil testing tendency. The findings also indicate that adopters of recommended nutrient rates received almost 16% and 46% higher system rice yield and system net return, respectively, relative to non‐adopters. However, based on our research findings, formulation and implementation of effective agricultural policies like effective extension services, strengthening soil testing facilities, increasing organizational membership and targeted awareness programmes could motivate smallholder rice farmers towards adoption of recommended nutrient rates. Adoption of recommended fertilizer rates can significantly enhance crop yields and farming profitability which can boost food security and rural livelihoods in the Eastern Gangetic Plain.
Sustainability, Local Environmental Behaviour and Firm Location Decisions
Authors: Arauzo‐Carod Josep‐Maria
Published: September 2024

This paper uses Mercantile Register data to analyse the location decisions of firms in Catalan municipalities (between 2010 and 2019). Using count data panel estimations, we focus on local sustainability characteristics. The identification of the location patterns and the effects of local environmental policies on firms belonging to different sustainability industries constitute a contribution to the empirical location literature. Our results help in understanding entry processes at the local level and how both citizens' environmental values and local environmental policies shape these. We show that (i) firms locate differently depending on their sustainability profile and (ii) local environmental policies have stronger effects on the location decisions of sustainability‐oriented firms.
An Improved Practical Measuring Technique for Wireless Cellular Signal Path Loss Forecast in the African Terrain
Authors: Akanni Jimoh , Abdurrhaman Ademola Isa , Olalekan Ogunbiyi  , Olufeagba Benjamin Jimmy , Abdulrahman Tunde Sanni
Published: September 2024

Several studies on cellular signal path loss measurements at various locations under varying geographical and environmental circumstances in Africa have been conducted. Most of the techniques used, if not all, do not give consideration to the peculiar Africans’ road networks and building patterns, valleys, and hills that usually prevent the driving of motor cars within them when taking the signal strength measurements. The article presents an improved technique for wireless cellular signal strength measurement for better path loss prediction. The approach adopted for measurement is the regular grid outdoor foot technique. The technique was tested at various locations in the Ilorin metropolis and proved to be a better method of obtaining signal strength measurements. Although some of the signal strength values coincided with respect to distance when both methods were used, the drive test method overvalued the signal strength for study locations that were not in line of sight with the BTSs. These values range from 2 dBm to 8 dBm. If this technique is adopted, measurements will be taken in all vital locations that may not be accessible by means of a motor car drive test method, and more accurate values of the cellular signal strength will be obtained for better path loss prediction.
Improving Water-Efficient Irrigation in Terrain Durio Zibethinus Farming Using Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization-Based Soil Moisture Prediction Model
Authors: Ramli M Shahrul Azwan , Zainal Abidin Mohamad Shukri , Md Reba Mohd Nadzri , Pui Boon Hean  , Abd Rahman Mohd Amiruddin , Lim Way Foong  , Keshinro Kazeem Kolawole  , Rizqi Andry Ardiansyah
Published: September 2024

The vegetation stage of Durio Zibethinus trees is characterized by active root development, leaf expansion, and the initiation of reproductive structures. During this crucial phase, adequate irrigation is necessary to satisfy the trees' water requirements. A well-irrigated durian plantation encourages effective nutrient absorption, resulting in healthier trees with increased pest and disease resistance. Understanding the water needs of durian trees is essential for irrigation management to optimize water application and prevent water stress and waterlogging. Typically, sensors measure the soil moisture within the root zone. However, installing soil moisture sensors at each tree is laborious and prohibitively expensive. Using climatic data to forecast the value is a viable option in such a scenario. Climate data are used to create soil moisture predictions incorporated into the irrigation model. This research employs Ant Colony Optimization- Support Vector Regression (ACO-SVR) to predict soil moisture levels. The model is compared to other optimization methods, and its accuracy is assessed using statistical methods. Finally, the prediction models' findings determine the irrigation volume and schedule.
A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Learning Engagement in Educational Settings
Authors: Lu Qiao , Mohd Rameli Mohd Rustam
Published: September 2024

Learning engagement is a crucial aspect of educational success, yet its complexities remain a subject of ongoing investigation. This systematic literature review presents a comprehensive synthesis of empirical research on learning engagement, meticulously curated through a thorough review process. Drawing upon a diverse array of scholarly works, this review delves into the antecedents and outcomes of learning engagement, shedding light on its multifaceted nature. Various measurement methods, including surveys, interviews, and observation, are explored, emphasizing the diverse approaches to understanding and assessing engagement. Key findings underscore the pivotal roles of intrinsic motivation, perceived value, self-regulation, and social support in nurturing learning engagement among learners. Moreover, methodological considerations are critically examined, paving the way for future research avenues aimed at deepening our comprehension of learning engagement dynamics within diverse educational contexts. This review serves as a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to enhance student engagement and academic outcomes.
The Effects of Inquiry-Based Learning Environment with Augmented Reality Integration on Spatial Reasoning for Topic of Space / Kesan Persekitaran Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri dengan Integrasi Realiti Terimbuh terhadap Penaakulan Spatial bagi Tajuk Ruang
Authors: Abd Rahman Khairuddin , Abd Halim Noor Dayana
Published: September 2024

Students' mastery of the topic of Space in the field of Geometry is also influenced by their spatial reasoning. The use of technology such as augmented reality applications is necessary in assisting students in develop these skills through its ability to display real objects virtually that can be manipulated freely. However, the effectiveness of integrating augmented reality applications requires the implementation of suitable teaching strategies. This is because learning involving difficult concepts requires students not only to receive information directly but also to actively engage in learning activities to generate knowledge and skills. Therefore, this study aims to design an inquiry-based learning environment with the integration of augmented reality and examine its effects on students' spatial reasoning for the topic of Space in Year Three Mathematics. This study used a pre-experimental quantitative research design involving 25 Year Three students. The purposive sampling method was used to select the school as the location of the study and convenience sampling was used to select students as the study respondents. Pre-tests and post-tests were used to measure students' spatial reasoning after the intervention. The results of the descriptive analysis show that there is an increase in the mean score of 6.16 for students' spatial reasoning. The results of the inferential analysis also prove that there is a significant difference in the mean score (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) <0.001) between the pre-test and the post-test on students' spatial reasoning. Therefore, the results of this study have had a positive effect on students' spatial reasoning. In conclusion, this study is expected to encourage teachers to apply 21st-century learning strategies along with the integration of appropriate technology tools to design a learning environment of Mathematics learning among primary school students.
Digoxin and exercise effects on skeletal muscle Na+,K+‐ATPase isoform gene expression in healthy humans
Authors: McKenna Michael J. , Gong Xiaofei , Petersen Aaron C. , Sostaric Simon , Goodman Craig A. , Garnham Andrew , Aw Tai‐Juan , Steward Collene H. , Murphy Kate T. , Carey Kate A. , Krum Henry , Snow Rodney J. , Cameron‐Smith David
Published: September 2024

In muscle, digoxin inhibits Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) whereas acute exercise can increase NKA gene expression, consistent with training‐induced increased NKA content. We investigated whether oral digoxin increased NKA isoform mRNA expression (qPCR) in muscle at rest, during and post‐exercise in 10 healthy adults, who received digoxin (DIG, 0.25 mg per day) or placebo (CON) for 14 days, in a randomised, double‐blind and cross‐over design. Muscle was biopsied at rest, after cycling 20 min (10 min each at 33%, then 67% ), then to fatigue at 90% and 3 h post‐exercise. No differences were found between DIG and CON for NKA α1–3 or β1–3 isoform mRNA. Both α1 (354%, P = 0.001) and β3 mRNA (P = 0.008) were increased 3 h post‐exercise, with α2 and β1–2 mRNA unchanged, whilst α3 mRNA declined at fatigue (−43%, P = 0.045). In resting muscle, total β mRNA (∑(β1+β2+β3)) increased in DIG (60%, P = 0.025) and also when transcripts for each isoform were normalised to CON then either summed (P = 0.030) or pooled (n = 30, P = 0.034). In contrast, total α mRNA (∑(α1+α2+α3), P = 0.348), normalised then summed (P = 0.332), or pooled transcripts (n = 30, P = 0.717) did not differ with DIG. At rest, NKA α1–2 and β1–2 protein abundances were unchanged by DIG. Post‐exercise, α1 and β1–2 proteins were unchanged, but α2 declined at 3 h (19%, P = 0.020). In conclusion, digoxin did not modify gene expression of individual NKA isoforms at rest or with exercise, indicating NKA gene expression was maintained consistent with protein abundances. However, elevated resting muscle total β mRNA with digoxin suggests a possible underlying β gene‐stimulatory effect.

Highlights

What is the central question of this study?

Na+,K+‐ATPase (NKA) in muscle is important for Na+/K+ homeostasis. We investigated whether the NKA‐inhibitor digoxin stimulates increased NKA gene expression in muscle and exacerbates NKA gene responses to exercise in healthy adults.

What is the main finding and its importance?

Digoxin did not modify exercise effects on muscle NKA α1–3 and β1–3 gene transcripts, which comprised increased post‐exercise α1 and β3 mRNA and reduced α3 mRNA during exercise. However, in resting muscle, digoxin increased NKA total β isoform mRNA expression. Despite inhibitory‐digoxin or acute exercise stressors, NKA gene regulation in muscle is consistent with the maintenance of NKA protein contents.
Abigail: sensatez y profecía en el camino de David: un análisis feminista de la narrativa de 1S 25,2-42
Authors: Cirino Teixeira Priscila , Vitório Jaldemir
Published: September 2024

El análisis de 1S 25,2-42, perícopa estudiada en este artículo, revela la rica caracterización del personaje Abigail. Por su notable sensatez y espíritu profético, ella se distingue como una figura significativa en el ciclo narrativo sobre la ascensión de David al trono de Israel (1S 16,1; 1R 2,11). La investigación tiene como punto de partida la delimitación de la perícopa, para demostrar su unidad literario-narrativa y su inserción en el contexto más amplio de la historiografía deuteronomista. A continuación, diversas características de la protagonista son explicitadas, y a partir de la perspectiva feminista de la hermenéutica bíblica se hace un estudio de la construcción del personaje por el narrador. Desde ahí se pone de manifiesto la perspicacia, capacidad de liderazgo, profecía y sabiduría de esta mujer ejemplar. Sus cualidades se hacen aún más evidentes en contraste con su marido Nabal y con David, dos personajes masculinos marcados por la necedad y el espíritu de venganza, respectivamente. Al actuar con mucha astucia, Abigail encuentra la mejor solución al conflicto entre los dos hombres de la trama y puede, por tanto, caracterizarse como la auténtica heroína en la escena. De esta manera, Abigail se suma a las antepasadas bíblicas que asumen un protagonismo fundamental en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos, en una sociedad patriarcal, que tiende a marginarlas y limitarlas a posiciones de subalternidad e irrelevancia. Al actuar con firmeza, diligencia y prontitud, Abigail se convierte en un paradigma de acción liberadora. En un mundo donde la insensatez y el impulso vengativo amenazan la convivencia hospitalaria y fraterna entre los seres humanos, la heroína de la perícopa es sin duda fuente de inspiración para las mujeres y los hombres de hoy, y los motiva, en las escasas rendijas presentes en una sociedad todavía marcada por el patriarcado, para transformar muchas situaciones injustas y deshumanizantes de nuestros días.
Enhancing Personalized Rehabilitation: Integrating Assist-as-Needed System With Real-Time Feedback
Authors: Yihun Yimesker , Delgado Pablo
Published: September 2024

Conventional rehabilitation programs often lack precise real-time feedback, leading to varied training results at different centers. To address this, personalized rehabilitation strategies have been developed using robotic technologies and exoskeletons with assist-as-needed (AAN) controllers to improve recovery rates for individuals with stroke and neuromuscular disorders. This research introduces an automated therapy approach with a patient-specific AAN support strategy that provides immediate feedback, enhancing the rehabilitation process. The system uses minimal data to create effective personalized models and integrates sensors and algorithms for continuous monitoring, improving the efficacy of therapy. Initial trials with an exoskeleton that focused on elbow movements showed promising results in adjusting support in real-time and providing personalized interventions through torque-controlled motors. This system assesses impairment levels, visualizes motor energy needs, and helps design customized rehabilitation programs, significantly enhancing therapeutic results.
Validation of Linear and Nonlinear Gait Variability Measures Derived From a Smartphone System Compared to a Gold-Standard Footswitch System During Overground Walking
Authors: Di Bacco Vincenzo E. , Gage William H.
Published: September 2024

Smartphones, with embedded accelerometers, may be a viable method to monitor gait variability in the free-living environment. However, measurements estimated using smartphones must first be compared to known quantities to ensure validity. This study assessed the validity and reliability of smartphone-derived gait measures compared to a gold-standard footswitch system during overground walking. Seventeen adults completed three 8-minute overground walking trials during 3 separate visits. The stride time series was calculated as the time difference between consecutive right heel contact events within the footswitch and smartphone-accelerometry signals. Linear (average stride time, stride time standard deviation, and stride time coefficient of variation) and nonlinear (fractal scaling index, approximate entropy, and sample entropy) measures were calculated for each stride time series. Bland–Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement assessed agreement between systems. Intraclass correlation coefficients assessed reliability across visits. Bland–Altman plots revealed acceptable limits of agreement for all measures. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed good-to-excellent reliability for both systems, except for fractal scaling index, which was moderate. The smartphone system is a valid method and performs similarly to gold-standard research equipment. These findings suggest the development and implementation of an inexpensive, easy-to-use, and ubiquitous telehealth instrument that may replace traditional laboratory equipment for use in the free-living environment.
NICA Facilities for the Search for EDM Light Nuclei
Authors: Senichev Yu. , Aksentyev A. , Kolokolchikov S. , Melnikov A. , Nikolaev N. , Ladygin V. , Syresin E.
Published: September 2024

To search for proton Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) using proton storage ring with purely electrostatic elements, the concept of frozen spin method has been proposed by Brookhaven National Laboratory. This method is based on two facts: in the equation of spin precession, the magnetic field dependence is entirely eliminated, and at the ‘‘magic’’ energy, the spin precession frequency coincides with the precession frequency of the particle momentum. In case of deuteron, we have to use the electrical and magnetic field simultaneously, keeping the frozen spin direction along the momentum as in the pure electrostatic ring. Later, Yu. Senichev proposed the concept of quasi-frozen spin, in which the spin oscillates around the direction of the pulse within half the value of the advanced phase of rotation in magnetic arcs, each time returning back in deflectors with an electrostatic field. Due to the low value of the anomalous magnetic moment of deuteron, an effective contribution to the expected EDM effect is reduced only by a few percent compared with frozen spin method. In this work, we consider the adapted structure of the NICA and Nuclotron synchrotrons, in which the ‘‘quasi-frozen spin’’ option can be implemented. The advantage of the ‘‘quasi-frozen spin’’ concept is the possibility of using synchrotrons already existing in the world that are not focused on studying EDM, which makes this method the only one possible for the accelerators of the NICA complex.
No-go for the formation of heavy mass Primordial Black Holes in Single Field Inflation
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Gangopadhyay Mayukh R. , Sami M.
Published: September 2024

We examine the possibility of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) formation in single field models of inflation. Using the adiabatic or wave function renormalization scheme in the short range modes, we show that one-loop correction to the power spectrum is free from quadratic UV divergence. We consider a framework in which PBHs are produced during the transition from Slow Roll (SR) to Ultra Slow Roll (USR) followed by the end of inflation. We demonstrate that the renormalized power spectrum soften the contribution of the logarithmic IR divergence and severely restricts the possible mass range of produced PBHs in the said transition, namely, $$M_\textrm{PBH}\sim 10^{2}\,\textrm{g}$$

M
PBH

∼

10
2

g

$$\hat{\textrm{a}}$$

a
^

la a no-go theorem. In particular, we find that the produced PBHs are short lived ($$t^\textrm{evap}_\textrm{PBH}\sim 10^{-20}\,\textrm{s}$$

t
PBH
evap

∼

10

-
20

s

) and the corresponding number of e-folds in the USR region is restricted to $$\Delta {\mathcal {N}}_\textrm{USR}\approx 2$$

Δ

N
USR

≈
2

.
Searching for signatures of new physics in $$\varvec{B \rightarrow K \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }}$$ to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos
Authors: Kim C. S. , Sahoo Dibyakrupa , Vishnudath K. N.
Published: September 2024

We conduct a model-independent analysis of the distinct signatures of various generic new physics possibilities in the decay $$B \rightarrow K \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
→
K

ν

ν
¯

by analyzing the branching ratio as well as the missing mass-square distribution. Considering the final neutrinos to be of the same flavor with non-zero mass, we discuss the new physics contributions for both Dirac and Majorana neutrino possibilities. In our study, we utilize the analytical relations among form factors in semi-leptonic $$B \rightarrow K$$

B
→
K

transitions, which are consistent with current lattice QCD predictions to a very high numerical accuracy. We provide constraints on different new physics parameters, taking into account the recent measurement of $$B^+ \rightarrow K^+ \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

branching ratio by the Belle-II collaboration. In future, if the missing mass-square distribution for $$B^+ \rightarrow K^+ \, \nu \, \overline{\nu }$$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

decay gets reported by Belle-II with analysis of more events than their present data set, one can not only investigate possible new physics effects in these decays, but also probe the Dirac/Majorana nature of the neutrinos using quantum statistics, since a difference between the two cases is known to exist in the presence of non-standard neutrino interactions.
Graph-OPU: A Highly Flexible FPGA-Based Overlay Processor for Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Tang Enhao , Li Shun , Chen Ruiqi , Zhou Hao , Ma Yuhanxiao , Zhang Haoyang , Yu Jun , Wang Kun
Published: September 2024

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are an ideal candidate for accelerating graph neural networks (GNNs). However, the FPGA redeployment process is time-consuming when updating or switching between diverse GNN models across different applications. Existing GNN processors eliminate the need for FPGA redeployment when switching between different GNN models. However, adapting matrix multiplication types by switching processing units decreases hardware utilization. In addition, the bandwidth of DDR limits further improvements in hardware performance. This article proposes a highly flexible FPGA-based overlay processor for GNN accelerations. Graph-OPU provides excellent flexibility and programmability for users, as the executable code of GNN models is automatically compiled and reloaded without requiring FPGA redeployment. First, we customize the compiler and instruction sets for the inference process of different GNN models. Second, we customize the datapath and optimize the data format in the microarchitecture to fully leverage the advantages of high bandwidth memory (HBM). Third, we design a unified matrix multiplication to handle both sparse-dense matrix multiplication (SpMM) and general matrix multiplication (GEMM), enhancing Graph-OPU performance. During Graph-OPU execution, the computational units are shared between SpMM and GEMM instead of being switched, which improves the hardware utilization. Finally, we implement a hardware prototype on the Xilinx Alveo U50 and test the mainstream GNN models using various datasets. Experimental results show that Graph-OPU achieves up to 1,654

\(\times\)

and 63

\(\times\)

speedup, as well as up to 5,305

\(\times\)

and 422

\(\times\)

energy efficiency boosts, compared to implementations on CPU and GPU, respectively. Graph-OPU outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) end-to-end overlay accelerators for GNN, reducing latency by an average of 1.36

\(\times\)

and improving energy efficiency by 1.41

\(\times\)

on average. Moreover, Graph-OPU exhibits an average 1.45

\(\times\)

speed improvement in end-to-end latency over the SOTA GNN processor. Graph-OPU represents an in-depth study of an FPGA-based overlay processor for GNNs, offering high flexibility, speedup, and energy efficiency.
Optimization of the Operation Plan of Airport Express Train with Consideration of Train Departure Time Window
Authors: He Jin , Li Yinzhen , Chao Yuhong , Gao Ruhu
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes an optimization model for the train operation scheme of the Airport Express Line (AEL) based on the expected arrival time of passengers by the introduction of the train departure time to cope with the time‐dependent passenger flow and provide better prompt train service according to passengers’ demand. Considering factors such as train sections, station arrangement, passenger capacity, departure time windows, passenger flow conservation, and boarding and disembarkation processes, this paper also aims to find the optimal combination of the passengers’ total travel time and the train operation cost. A set of alternative train options is introduced to simplify the model and convert integer variables related to train pairs into 0‐1 variables. The elaborately designed simulated annealing algorithm mainly focuses on the key elements of strategies like initial solution generation, neighborhood solution construction, and the allocation of passenger flows, tailored to the model’s unique features and the time‐dependent passenger flow. Neighborhood solution strategies include the increase or haut of train operations and the adjustment of the number of stops, which refines the solution space and boosts the process efficiency of the heuristic algorithm. Additionally, the model and algorithm proposed in this paper are practiced during the peak hour of Nanjing Metro Line S1 for empirical validation. The research findings demonstrate that the optimized train operation scheme is better synchronized with the fluctuating number of time‐dependent passenger flows and exhibits notable improvement in computational efficiency and convergence.
Use of Locally Produced Novel Low‐Cost 3D Printed Respiratory Muscle Strength Trainer Device (RMSTD) for Long COVID‐Rehabilitation: An Innovative Case Report
Authors: Kandel Dipendra , Knulst Arjan J. , Riggsbee Joshua , Riggsbee Sarah O. , Tamang Suman , Bhattarai Himal Bikram , Karn Mitesh
Published: September 2024

Introduction. This article details the development and use of a low‐cost, custom RMST device for a patient with long COVID who had received positive airway flow support during ICU treatment. By sharing our successful management of respiratory muscle weakness in a severe COVID‐19 patient, we aim to contribute to the broader conversation around effective long COVID management. Case Description. A patient with respiratory muscle weakness used a hospital‐made RMST device. The training involved ten short forced exhalations per cycle for five cycles, followed by five long forced exhalations held for five seconds. Additionally, the patient learned lower abdominal and box breathing techniques. The patient showed significant improvement, using the RMST device without supplemental oxygen within 24 hours and completely weaned off by day 5. By discharge, the patient could complete the RMST exercise regime and achieved 290 meters in the 6MWT. After six weeks of outpatient therapy, the patient used the RMST device at 80 cm H2O and increased their 6MWT distance to 390 meters. Device Description. The RMST device was designed for in‐house production with a 3D‐printed PETG cap, base, and plunger, and a standard pen spring. Its design mimicked a standard PEEP valve with a different geometry. The spring closed the valve until a pressure threshold was reached, allowing airflow. The adjustable pressure threshold ranged from −40 to +40 cm H2O, calibrated in 10 cm H2O increments by measuring displaced water column height. Discussion and Limitation. COVID‐19 can cause long‐term respiratory issues needing proper management and rehabilitation. Inspiratory muscle training benefits those recovering from severe COVID‐19 who were weaned from mechanical ventilation. However, the device’s design and production method are unsuitable for large‐scale and commercial production. Rehabilitation centers should prepare for postintensive care syndrome in post‐COVID‐19 individuals, with interprofessional teams addressing various recovery aspects. Early medical attention and therapy can improve patients’ quality of life.
Figure 6 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

Inhibition of CDK2 represents a novel therapeutic target for NEPC. A, Tumoral growth curve of murine DKO cells in C57BL/6N and (B) PPKO cells in C57BL/6N mice and treated with either vehicle control or the CDK2 PROTAC—CPS2. Mice were treated every 7 days (D7 and D14) with CPS2 (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Tumor growth was monitored every second day for 16 days (D16) by serial caliper measurements. Tumoral weight was measured at D16 after dissection (n = 5 mice per treatment group (±1 SEM). C, Immunofluorescent IHC staining for CDK2 in DKO and (D) PPKO tumors show that CPS2 inhibition significantly reduces CDK2 expression. E and F, Example pictures of hematoxylin and eosin, Ki67, and p-γH2AX IHC staining in murine DKO and PPKO tumors from the in vivo study and corresponding quantification of the percentage of positive nuclei from total cells (n = 5 mice per treatment group, ±1 SEM).
Figure 2 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

MYBL2 expression and activity is enriched in human NEPC and NE-like mouse models. A, Venn diagram integrating the differential gene expression (DEG) list from PBCre4:Ptenf/f (SKO) vs. PBCre4:Ptenf/f:Rb1f/f (DKO) mouse models, human NEPC vs. adenocarcinoma samples, and patient-derived xenografts of LuCaP obtained from human patients with NEPC vs. patients with adenocarcinoma shows that the three independent datasets shared 1,516 genes (left). GSEA of the 1,516 shared genes indicates that the fischer_dream_targets genes may be involved in the regulation of CRPC-AI development (right). All the pathways listed are statistically significant with P < 0.05. B, Bar and box plot summarizing the MYBL2 expression level in human patients with prostate cancer at different stages of the disease progression. C, Correlation analysis mouse and (D) human samples indicate that enrichment of MYBL2 transcriptional function is highly associated with NE and ESC gene signatures in NEPC models and patient samples compared with their adenocarcinoma counterparts. WT, wild type.
Figure 1 from MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: German Beatriz , Alaiwi Sarah A. , Ho Kun-Lin , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Fonseca Marcos A. , Burkhart Deborah L. , Sheahan Anjali V. , Bergom Hannah E. , Morel Katherine L. , Beltran Himisha , Hwang Justin H. , Freedman Matthew L. , Lawrenson Kate , Ellis Leigh
Published: September 2024

MYBL2 is a MR-TF in murine prostate cancer deficient for Rb1. A, Schematic representation of the Coltron algorithm procedures for the construction of transcriptional regulatory networks. B, Candidate MR-TFs in SKO and DKO based on regulatory CESs (range 0–1, two sided t test P value <0.05) and nucleotide motif logos for top candidate factors relative size of each base indicates the relative frequency at that position. Foxa2, Sox1, Sox2, Myb, Ascl1, and Insm1 motifs with the more significant P value for more abundant motifs within H3K27ac-bound chromatin were the most enriched in the DKO sample. C, ChIP-seq tracks of H3K27ac signal at SE regions for Foxa1, Myb, Foxa2, Sox1, Sox2, Ascl1, and Insm1 in SKO (blue) and DKO (red) samples. D, Heatmaps representing the expression profile of 128 TFs overexpressed in SKO samples (FDR </= 1-% log2 fold change >2; clustering method = “complete;” clustering distance = “Euclidean”) and 139 overexpressed DKO samples (FDR </= 1-% log2 fold change >2; clustering method = “complete;” clustering distance = “Euclidean”).
Vitamin D Status and Treatment in ESKD: Links to Improved CKD-MBD Laboratory Parameters in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Holden Rachel M. , Norman Patrick A. , Day Andrew G. , Silver Samuel A. , Clemens Kristen K. , Iliescu Eduard
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Vitamin D insufficiency is common in patients who receive hemodialysis, yet there is no clear guidance regarding surveillance or treatment. We hypothesized that increasing 25(OH)D3 levels is associated with lower phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Methods: Baseline 25(OH)D3 level was measured in all patients receiving in-center hemodialysis in June 2017. Laboratory parameters were measured every 6 (phosphate, calcium) or 12 weeks (25(OH)D3, PTH, ALP) until February 2021. In September 2018, a treatment algorithm of 50,000 IU weekly until sufficient followed by 50,000 IU monthly was suggested. Generalized linear mixed regression models including linear spline effects, a log link function, and random effects were used to examine the impact of increasing 25(OH)D3 levels on calcium, phosphate, ALP, and PTH. Results: Of 697 participants, 15% and 57% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D3 <25 nmol/L) and insufficiency (between 25 and 74 nmol/L). Incorporating up to 7,272 observations, increasing 25(OH)D3 was associated with significantly decreasing PTH for 25(OH)D3 levels between 25 and 75 nmol/L regardless of vitamin D treatment. In an interaction model, the negative slope between 25(OH)D3 and PTH remained significant beyond 75 nmol/L in the absence of calcitriol. Increasing 25(OH)D3 was associated with significantly decreasing phosphate for 25(OH)D3 levels between 25 and 75 nmol/L regardless of vitamin D treatment and below 25 nmol/L in values of untreated patients. Calcium increased across the spectrum of 25(OH)D3 regardless of vitamin D treatment. Overall, 0.2% of 25(OH)D3 levels exceeded 250 nmol/L and 2.1% of calcium levels exceeded the normal range. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment in a real-world setting was safe and associated with lower PTH levels. Whether improved biochemical markers translate to a reduction in clinical endpoints warrants further study.