bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONVERSION OF WASTE POLYPROPILENE (PP) USING THE ZEOLITE Ni/ZSM-5 TO LIQUID FUEL
Authors: Thahir Ramli
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the quality and application of liquid oil produced by pyrolysis catalytic cracking assisted Ni/ZSM-5 from polypropylene (PP) plastic waste using a pilot plant scale pyrolysis reactor. The product of pyrolysis in the form of crude oil is refinery by a distillation bubble cap plate column which consists of 4 trays that are integrated with pyrolysis to minimize energy. The pyrolysis process is performed in a fixed-bed reactor. Plastic waste (250 g PP) and Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst (25 g) are mixed in a reactor at various temperatures of 350, 370, 390, 410, and 430ºC, heated in the reactor with a heating rate 5,3 ºC/minute to produce vapor which will be distilled, and produce the product liquid, gas, and char. The optimal yield of fuel oil at 390ºC is 239 ml of fuel oil/250 g of PP with a conversion of 79.20 %,wt (72%, liquid and 7.20% gas) the rest is char. The characteristics of the fuel oil products obtained are included in the range of gasoline and kerosene-type fuels, with an average yield value of ºAPI in the range of 51-42 for kerosene-type fuel in trays 1 and 2, and for gasoline-type fuel. has an average ºAPI value in the range of 52-63 in trays 3 and 4.
Representasi Standar Kompetensi Guru dalam Anime Ansatsu Kyōshitsu (Kajian Semiotika dan Sosiologi Pendidikan)
Authors: Ambarwati Tri , Widiansyah Subhan
Published: October 2023

This article aims to explain teacher competency standards in Anime Ansatsu Kyōshitsu.  Education is one of the things that is very important for human life, therefore humans will not be able to escape from the obligation to receive education, even until the end of his life.  The human factor that plays a very important role in education is the teacher, who is the main way in providing insight to students.  Along with the times, education can be found anywhere, including films that were fun to watch at first.  Film has various types, one of which is a film that is packaged in the form of animation.  In Japan itself, the animation has a special name, namely "Anime".  In this article, the method used is descriptive qualitative using content analysis and Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic approach.  The anime that is the subject of analysis is Anime Ansatsu Kyōshitsu by Yūsei Matsui.  In the Ansatsu Kyōshitsu anime, several teacher competency standards are found, namely professional competence, pedagogical competence, social competence, and personality competence.
Legal Protection Orientation And Formulation For Traditional Musical Instruments As Patents: An Inclusive Legal Paradigm
Authors: Kurniawan I Gede Agus , Lulo Lourenco De Deus Mau
Published: October 2023

One of the consequences of the extinction of several traditional musical instruments in Indonesia is the reduction in traditional musical instrument craftsmen because the manufacture of traditional musical instruments does not guarantee a substantive economic increase for the craftsmen. Therefore, legal action is needed so that traditional musical instruments can have an economic orientation and implications for the craftsmen so that they can become an important factor in preserving traditional musical instruments in Indonesia. This study aims to orient the legal protection of traditional musical instruments through patents in an inclusive legal perspective. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that the legal protection orientation of traditional musical instruments as patents can be carried out by qualifying traditional musical instruments as simple patents. Internal legal protection is carried out by classifying traditional musical instruments as simple patents, must be accompanied by awareness and understanding of every traditional musical instrument craftsman to be able to register patents, besides that externally, the state needs to provide convenience, facilitation and incentives for traditional musical instruments as simple patents including making certain legal breakthroughs and policies by providing formulations regarding affirmative action legal policies related to efforts to register traditional musical instruments in an inclusive legal perspective that needs to be implemented so as to provide facilitation as well as empowerment for traditional musical instruments to be registered as simple patents.
Digitalization Of Alternative Dispute Resolution: Realizing Business Fair Principles In The Current Era
Authors: Azizah Azizah , Ilmiah Fawaidil , Hadiwinata Khrisna , Waeno Mahamadaree
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dewasa ini telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk cara berbisnis dan berinteraksi secara global. Namun, bisnis rumit yang semakin meningkat juga menyebabkan munculnya sengketa bisnis yang rumit yang melibatkan pihak-pihak dari berbagai negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi digitalisasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tantangan dalam penerapan digitalisasi sebagai alat penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif dan adil. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode hukum normatif dengan studi pustaka untuk mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber yang relevan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi sebagai salah satu alternatif penyelesaian permasalahan dapat memberikan solusi yang efisien dan efektif dalam menangani permasalahan bisnis di era digital. Penggunaan teknologi digital seperti platform online, artificial intelligence (AI), dan blockchain dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, transparansi, dan keadilan dalam penyelesaian masalah. Saat menerapkan digitalisasi, penting untuk memastikan keamanan data, keaslian bukti elektronik, dan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan yang berbeda di setiap negara.
On Duality Principles and Related Convex Dual Formulations Suitable for Local and Global Non-Convex Variational Optimization
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: October 2023

This article develops duality principles, a related convex dual formulation and primal dual formulations suitable for the local and global optimization of non-convex primal formulations for a large class of models in physics and engineering. The results are based on standard tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations and duality theory. In particular, we develop applications to a Ginzburg-Landau type equation. Other applications include primal dual variational formulations for a Burger's type equation and a Navier-Stokes system. We emphasize the novelty here is that the first dual variational formulation developed is convex for a primal formulation which is originally non-convex. Finally, we also highlight the primal dual variational formulations presented have a large region of convexity around any of their critical points.
2,5-[C4+C2] Ringtransformation of Pyrylium Salts with ⍺-Sulfinylacetaldehydes
Authors: Bauer Dominik , Hofmann Kathrin , Reggelin Michael
Published: October 2023

A rapid synthesis of chiral sulfoxide-functionalized meta-terphenyl derivatives by a 2,5-[C4+C2] ring transformation reaction of pyrylium salts with in-situ generated enantio-merically pure .alpha.-sulfinylacetaldehydes is described. This synthetic method demonstrates for the first time the use of .alpha.-sulfinylacetaldehydes in a reaction sequence initiated by nu-cleophilic attack of pyrylium salts by .alpha.-sulfinylcarbanions to generate chiral aromatic systems. The method presented shows broad applicability starting with various methyl sulfoxides and a number of functionalized pyrylium salts, furnishing meta-terphenyls with complex substitution patterns from readily accessible starting compounds.
Lump Waves in a Spatial Symmetric Nonlinear Dispersive Wave Model in (2+1)-Dimensions
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to search for lump waves in a spatial symmetric (2+1)-dimensional dispersive wave model. Through an ansatz on positive quadratic functions, we conduct symbolic computations with Maple to generate lump waves for the proposed nonlinear model. A line of critical points of the lump waves is computed, whose two spatial coordinates travel at constant speeds. The corresponding maximum and minimum values are evaluated in terms of the wave numbers, and interestingly, all those extreme values do not change with time, either. The last section is the conclusion.
Assessing and Modeling the Vegetation Cover in the W and Pendjari National Parks and Their Peripheries Using Landsat Imagery and Climatic Data in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Dossou-Yovo Hubert Olivier , Osseni Abdel Aziz , Hegbe Apollon D.M.T. , Khan Muhammad Nauman , Sinsin Brice
Published: October 2023

Today, satellite imagery has made a major contribution to the reconstruction and spatial prediction of sensitive or complex areas such as Pendjari and W Transboundary Reserves which constitute biodiversity reservoirs and habitats for wildlife conservation. Despite the protection to which they are subject, they remain dependent on climatic hazards that can influence their stability. This study has applied remote sensing techniques, combined with climate records from the last thirty years, to analyze the past dynamics of land use and climate changes, to predict the future states of the vegetation cover of the two national parks in Benin, as well as their periphery. The methodology used remote sensing and GIS techniques that allowed the supervised classification of Landsat images of 1985, 2000 and 2015. Climatic data were combined in R software to identify the break periods for climatic parameters. Finally, the predictive vegetation cover for the year 2030 was made by combining vegetation and climate in the "Land Change Modeler" extension. Ten land use and land cover classes were obtained. These are the agglomerations, mosaics of fields and fallows, water bodies, dense forests, gallery forests, clear forests and wooded savannahs, swamp forests and shrubby wooded savannahs, saxicolous savannahs and bare ground. The natural vegetation decreased from 90.85% in 1985 to 83.54% in 2000 then to 79.56% in 2015, a decline of 11.39% over a 30-year period. The analysis of the climatic curves revealed the presence of break, meaning drought frequency. The predictive modeling revealed that land use units projected to 2030 are consistent with past trends, but with the continued expansion of fields and fallows (2%) at the expense of vegetation cover. This study will motivate many others in the field.
Antibiotic Resistance in Local Bacteria Against Household Antibiotic Ointments
Authors: Sasan Loveleen
Published: October 2023

Bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, also known as superbugs,pose a huge threat to the human population. This is because these developed resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that fights bacteria by either killing it or preventing it from growing. Although antibiotics make the once deadly now easily treatable, they can become ineffective as bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotic, causing diseases to become potentially fatal once more. Thus, scientists are rushing to find solutions in this arms race against evolving bacteria by either evolving current antibiotics or discovering new stands to fight evolving bacteria. In order to discover whether bacteria can develop resistance to household antibiotics, a controlled experiment was conducted. This was done by growing bacteria on agar plates with antibiotic ointments applied (in dilution series) to see if antibiotic resistance could build. Theorizing that by lowering the concentration of over the counter antibiotics, resistant bacteria would be selected and my bacterial population would evolve antibiotic resistance.In conclusion of the experiment antibiotic resistance did appear as a trait, but the level of it was inconsistent across the different bacteria populations.
Epidemiology of Suicide Mortality in Paraguay from 2005 to 2019: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Santacruz Ethel , Duarte-Zoilan Derlis , Benitez Rolandi Gilda , Canete Felicia , Smits Dins , Barengo Noel C , Sequera Guillermo
Published: October 2023

Suicide is an important public health problem, fundamentally affecting the younger population and responding to multiple biological, psychological, and social causes. The objective of this study was to characterize changes suicide mortality, suicide methods and years of potential life lost during 2005 and 2019 in Paraguay. This observational, descriptive study used data from the Vital Statistics Information Subsystem of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. The average mortality rate from suicide was 4.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, with an increase from 4.2 between 200-2009 to 5.8 during 2014 and 2019. Suicide was more common in men (75%) than in women. In men, the highest mortality rate was observed among the 20-24 years-old whereas in women the age most affected were the 15–19-year-old age group. The most used method for suicide was strangulation. The most frequent places of suicide occurrence were at home (73%). The seasonality of suicide occurrence showed a slight increase in the spring-summer months compared with autumn winter (53% vs 47%). The rate of potential years of life lost statistically significantly increased from2005 to 2019. Public health measures need to be implemented to investigate the underlying reasons and to implement interventions in the population to decrease suicide mortality in Paraguay.
Multi-Sensor Observations Reveal Large-Amplitude Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kozlov Igor E. , Kopyshov Ilya O. , Frey Dmitry I. , Morozov Eugene G. , Medvedev Igor P. , Shiryborova Arina I. , Silvestrova Ksenya P. , Gavrikov Alexander V. , Ezhova Elizaveta , Soloviev Dmitry M. , Plotnikov Evgeny V. , Zhuk Vladislav R. , Gaisky Pavel V. , Osadchiev Alexander A. , Stepanova Natalia B.
Published: October 2023

We present multi-sensor measurements from satellites, unmanned aerial vehicle, marine radar, thermal profilers and repeated conductivity-temperature-depth casts made in the Kara Gates strait connecting the Barents and the Kara Seas during spring tide in August 2021. Analysis of the field data during an 18-hour period from four stations evidence that a complex sill in the Kara Gates is the site of regular production of intense large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves. Satellite data show a presence of a relatively warm northeastward surface current from the Barents Sea toward the Kara Sea attaining 0.8-0.9 m/s. Triangle-shaped measurements of three thermal profilers revealed pronounced vertical thermocline oscillations up to 40 m associated with propagation of short-period nonlinear internal waves of depression generated by stratified flow passing a system of shallow sills in the strait. The most intense waves were recorded during the ebb tide slackening and reversal when the background flow was predominantly supercritical. Observed internal waves had wavelength of ~100 m and travelled northeastward with phase speeds of 0.8-0.9 m/s. The total internal wave energy per unit crest length for the largest waves was estimated to be equal to 1.0-1.8 MJ/m.
Leveraging Machine Learning for a Comprehensive Assessment of PFAS Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Panda Kapil , Mazumder Anirudh
Published: October 2023

Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals that accumulate in the body and environment. Although recent studies have indicated that PFAS may disrupt kidney function, the underlying mechanisms and overall effects on the organ remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the impact of PFAS on kidney health using machine learning techniques. Utilizing a dataset containing PFAS chemical features and kidney parameters, dimensionality reduction and clustering were performed to identify patterns. Machine learning models, including XGBoost classifier, regressor, and Random Forest regressor, were then developed to predict kidney type from PFAS descriptors, estimate PFAS accumulation in the body, and predict the ratio of glomerular surface area to proximal tubule volume, which indicates kidney filtration efficiency. The kidney type classifier achieved 100% accuracy, confirming that PFAS exposure alters kidney morphology. The PFAS accumulation model attained an R^2 of 1.00, providing a tool to identify at-risk individuals. The ratio prediction model reached an R^2 of 1.00, offering insights into PFAS effects on kidney function. Furthermore, PFAS descriptors and anatomical variables were identified through analyses using feature importance, demonstrating discernible links between PFAS and kidney health, offering further biological significance. Overall, this study can significantly contribute to the current findings on the effect of PFAS while offering machine learning as a contributive tool for similar studies.
Mitigating the Environmental Impacts from Pig and Broiler Production: Case Study on a Citrus Extract Feed Additive
Authors: Bui Hoa Thi Quynh , Cisse Sekhou Hedaly , Ceccaldi Mathilde , Perrin Aurélie , Benarbia Mohammed El Amine , Chicoteau Pierre
Published: October 2023

The rapid expansion of livestock production sector to meet the world population demand is posing a big challenge to environmental sustainability. Plant-based feed additives extracted from food by-products could potentially result in a double outcome: improving animal zootechnical performances and mitigating environmental impacts of meat production chains. This presented study was carried out to assess the environmental impacts of the supplementation of a commercial Citrus extract feed additive (CEFA) in swine and broiler farming. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the impact of manufacturing and distributing 1 bag of 25 kg of CEFA and its use in feed in broiler and swine productions. With regard to CEFA manufacturing and distribution, results showed that the majority of impact came from the production of CEFA ingredients, accounting for 70% impact generated. The remaining 30% effect was divided to transportation to customer (25%), CEFA packaging (3%), CEFA manufacture, and production loss (2%). When enlarging the scope, the use of CEFA in piglet and broiler diets showed improving the measured environmental indicators, compared to such standard systems. Indeed, feed supplemented CEFA have demonstrated in elevating zootechnical performances, hence saving feed consumed. Consequently, that helped reduce environmental issues from animal feed ingredients’ agriculture. To be more specific, the supplementation of 25 kg of CEFA in feed led to a reduction of 6 tons of CO2 emitted along the life cycle of broiler production and 5 tons in the case of fattening pig. 0.7 hectares of land used had been saved as well as, 201 m3 of water (broiler) and 82 m3 (swine) were economized. Environmental performance assessment showed the interest in using this CEFA in swine and broiler diets to mitigate the environmental impacts.
Quality of Life in Patients With Venous Leg Ulcers Treated by Means of Local Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy or Local Ozone Therapy – A Single Center Study
Authors: Pasek Jarosław , Szajkowski Sebastian , Cieślar Grzegorz
Published: October 2023

Venous leg ulcers still pose a significant medical problem worldwide. The complexity of the problem determines the need for further interdisciplinary activities that will improve the quality of life of treated patients. The study compared the quality of life of patients with venous leg ulcers who received local hyperbaric oxygen therapy or local ozone therapy procedures as a part of comprehensive treatment. The study included 129 patients (62 men and 57 women) with venous leg ulcers. Group I underwent local hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), group II - local ozone therapy (OZONE). In both groups, the patients' quality of life was assessed before the start of treatment cycle, as well as 10 weeks and 6 months after the completion of the treatment, by using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the Polish shortened version of the SF-36 scale. After completing the respective therapeutic cycle, both groups showed a statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement the quality of life according to the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and the SF-36 scale. Differences were noted between 1st examination (before treatment) and 2nd examination (10 weeks after treatment), as well as 3 examination (6 months after treatment). In the EQ-5D-5L assessment of anxiety and depression, self-care and activities of daily living 6 months after the end of treatment, better results were found in the group of patients treated with local hyperbaric oxygen therapy (p<0.001). In this group, 6 months after the end of the treatment, a statistically significantly higher result on the EQ-VAS scale was also obtained (73.09±19.8 points vs. 68.03±17.37 points, p=0.043). However, in the SF-36 assessment 6 months after the end of treatment better results - a statistically significantly lower value of the quality of life index - were recorded in the group of patients treated with local ozone therapy (103.13±15.76 points vs. 109.89±15.42 points, p<0.015). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and local ozone therapy procedures have a beneficial effect on improving the quality of life of patients with venous leg ulcers.
The Diversity and Community Pattern of Liverworts in Sygera Mountain
Authors: Shao Xiaotong , Gu Jiqi , Ye Yanhui , Liao Yujia , Wang Ruihong , Ma Heping , Shao Xiaoming
Published: October 2023

Elevation has been a cornerstone of biodiversity research, and changes in the environmental factors behind it influence biodiversity and community patterns. Exploring the potential reasons behind liverwort community patterns has been a matter of multiplied interest for ecologists. In the present study, we assessed the liverwort plants of the Sygera Mountain from 3100 m to 4500 m decaying wood, tree, soil, and rock using complex field surveys in 2017 and 2019, and investigated the effects of altitude and various climatic factors on the diversity and community composition of the Sygera Mountain. Also, we used including ANOVA, mixed effects modeling, NMDS, ANOSIM, and CCA, which helped to critically assess the liverwort diversity with respect to environmental variables. The results of the study showed a bimodal variation in the richness of liverwort communities with altitude, with peaks occurring at 3500 m and 4100 m. The variation with altitude was significant, with communities at 4100 m and 4300 m being associated with arid environments, and those at 3100 m and 3300 m favoring areas of higher mean annual temperatures and precipitation. Among the climatic factors, the variation in mean diurnal rang, precipitation, and annual temperature was found to be the determinant of liverwort communities. The results suggest that elevation and daily temperature fluctuations play a crucial role in the distribution and community structure formation of mountain liverwort plants. This study deepens our understanding of liverwort ecology and emphasizes the importance of climatic variables in determining plant community composition.
Bounded Number Theory: A Study on the Negation of Infinite Numbers in Parts or Completely
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo Ramos
Published: October 2023

Bounded number theory says that number is not infinite; that is, the number is limited. To come to a conclusion about limited number, one needs to understand the meaning of math and varying spaces, so one needs to understand that math and spaces interact. Mathematics has the function of accurately describing the world, where numbers represent elements or facts that rationally elements or facts belong to space, and spaces have properties that differentiate them from other spaces; therefore, there is no infinite element or fact due to differences in properties of spaces does not allow the element or fact in all spaces.
M2 Muscarinic Receptor Stimulation Induces Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells via mTOR Complex-1 Inhibition
Authors: Guerriero Claudia , Manfredelli Marianna , Matera Carlo , Iuzzolino Angela , Conti Luciano , Dallanoce Clelia , De Amici Marco , Trisciuoglio Daniela , Tata Ada Maria
Published: October 2023

Background: Although autophagy is a pro-survival process of tumor cells, in particular conditions and when differently regulated by specific signals it can stimulate cell death. We previously demonstrated that the selective stimulation of the M2 muscarinic receptor subtype (M2 mAChR) negatively controls cell proliferation and survival and causes oxidative stress and cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in both GBM cell lines and GBM stem cells (GSCs). In this work, we have evaluated whether autophagy was induced as a downstream mechanism of the observed cytotoxic processes induced by M2 mAChR activation by the orthosteric agonist APE or the dualsteric agonist N-8-Iper. Methods: To assess the activation of autophagy, we analyzed the expression of LC3B by Western blot analysis and in LC3B-EGFP transfected cell lines. Apoptosis was assessed by Caspases 3 and 9 protein expression. Results: Our data indicate that activation of M2 mAChR by N-8-Iper promotes autophagy in both U251 and GB7 cells lines as suggested by the LC3B-II expression level and analysis of the transfected cells by fluorescence microscopy. Autophagy induction by M2 mAChRs is regulated by the decreased activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway and upregulated by the pAMPK expression. Downstream autophagy activation, the increase of apoptosis was also observed in both cell lines after treatment with the two M2 agonists. Conclusions: N-8-Iper treatment causes autophagy via pAMPK upregulation, followed by apoptosis in both investigated cell lines. In contrast, the absence of autophagy in APE-treated GSC cells seems to indicate that cell death could be triggered by mechanisms alternative to those observed for N-8-Iper.
Harnessing Phonon Wave Resonance in Carbyne-Enriched Nano-Interfaces to Enhance Energy Release in Nanoenergetic Materials
Authors: Lukin Alexander , Gülseren Oğuz
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces an innovative nanotechnology-based approach that provides a pathway to enhance the energy release efficiency of nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) by harnessing self-synchronized collective atomic vibrations and phonon wave resonance within the transition domains between nanocomponents, without altering the material composition. The key innovation involves incorporating finely-tuned 2D-ordered linear-chain carbon-based multilayer nano-enhanced interfaces as programmable nanodevices into the transition domains using advanced multistage processing and assembly techniques. These programmable nanodevices enable precise control over self-synchronized collective atomic vibrations and phonon wave propagation, leading to synergistic effects. To activate and optimize these effects, a combination of various methods is employed, including energy-driven initiation of allotropic phase transformations, surface acoustic wave-assisted micro/nano-manipulation, heteroatom doping, directed self-assembly using high-frequency electromagnetic fields, and data-driven inverse design approaches. By leveraging a data-driven inverse design strategy and uncovering hidden structure-property relationships, we maximize energy release efficiency using the carbon nanomaterials genome approach derived from multifactorial neural network-based predictive models. This approach not only unlocks new functionalities in nEMs but also improves environmental performance and safety levels. By pioneering transformative pathways for nEMs through harnessing phonon wave resonance in low-dimensional nanocarbon transition interfaces, this research brings significant advancements in the field.
Correction of Spacecraft Magnetic Field Noise: Initial KMAG Observation in the Solar Wind
Authors: Lee Junhyun , Jin Ho , Kim Khan-Hyuk , Park Hyeonhu , Jo Wooin , Jang Yunho , Kang Hyeonji , Kim Eunhyeuk , Choi Young-Jun
Published: October 2023

The Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO)-MAGnetometer (KMAG) consists of three triaxial fluxgate sensors (MAG1, MAG2, and MAG3) to measure the magnetic field around the Moon. The three sensors are mounted in the order of MAG3, MAG2, and MAG1 inside a 1.2 m long boom away from the satellite body. Before it arrived on the Moon, we compared the magnetic field measurements taken by DSCOVR and KPLO in the solar wind to verify the measurement performance of the KMAG instrument. We found that there were artificial disturbances in the KMAG measurement data, such as step-like and spike-like disturbances, which were produced by the spacecraft body. To remove spacecraft-generated disturbances, we applied a multi-sensor method, employing the gradiometer technique and principal component analysis and using KMAG magnetic field data and confirmed the successful elimination of spacecraft-generated disturbances. This indicates that the multi-sensor method is able to clean the magnetic field data measured onboard the KPLO.
Experimental Study on Sand Detection and Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Shetty Rishikesh , Sharma Jyotsna , Tyagi Mayank
Published: October 2023

Excessive sand production in wellbores can cause significant damage to the downhole and surface equipment, which could reduce well productivity and cause loss of integrity. Conventional surface sand detectors provide a delayed indication of the onset of downhole sanding events. Additionally, they do not provide definitive information about the zones in the reservoir contributing to sanding. Distributed fiber-optic sensors can address these gaps by enabling real-time downhole monitoring simultaneously across the entire length of the installed fiber in the wellbore.

In this study, we investigate the application of optical fiber-based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for real-time monitoring of sand migration patterns, detecting sand ingress location, and estimating sand slip velocity. The sand slip velocity is the difference in the flow velocity of sand particles and fluid velocity in slurry flow caused by drag forces. DAS was acquired on a horizontal experimental surface flow loop at different flow rates and sand ingress conditions for a fixed sand slurry concentration and sand particle size. DAS data were analyzed in the frequency domain using spectrums and spectrograms to investigate the frequency fingerprint of the flowing sand that enabled visualization of sand migration patterns in multiphase flow. Sand flow velocities were estimated using the DAS frequency band energy (FBE) profiles and compared with analytical models of sand transport. A reasonable comparison was observed for all six experimental data sets analyzed in this study. Comparison of results from 28 gal/min and 32 gal/min trials showed higher sand slip velocity at higher flow rates. Different sand ingress locations were detected using DAS spectrum analysis. The results demonstrate the successful application of DAS for in-situ sand monitoring and flow characterization that can enable targeted sand management and remediation.
A Review of Fully Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Nakajima Yasuhiro , Takaoki Kimura , Akahori Sho , Motomura Ayako , Ohara Yukoh
Published: October 2023

Over the past 10 years, fully endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (FE-LIF) has been widely reported as a rational alternative to minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF), and several FE approaches for interbody fusion have been published. The short-term surgical outcomes of FE-LIF are reportedly superior to those of MIS-TLIF and conventional posterior LIF in terms of intraoperative blood loss and short-term back pain. However, the complication rate, medium-term clinical outcomes, and fusion rate have not been reported to be different in all uncontrolled studies. The challenges associated with FE-LIF include a longer operative time, which means a steep learning curve, and limited surgical indications, which leads to patient selection bias. FE-LIF is an excellent surgical option for treating degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, and spondylolisthesis. Although the amount of evidence is very small in existing studies and the long-term follow-up data are limited, this technique shows favorable clinical outcomes in selected patients.
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides Applied by Rice Growers in Malaysia
Authors: Wong Hie Ling , Garthwaite David G , Jais An Nurainee , Norman Nurul Najiah , Shobri Nurin Dalila Mohd , Brown Colin D
Published: October 2023

There is a sparsity of information about occupational exposure to pesticides on small-scale farms in developing countries. This study investigates rice growers’ exposure to pesticides due to the use of knapsack/backpack sprayers, a practice which is widespread in developing countries including Malaysia. Pesticide application information was collected from 23 rice growers during November 2020 – March 2021 using personal interviews and questionnaires. The information was used to predict total daily exposure to individual active substances via dermal and inhalation routes during mixing/loading and application activities using selected exposure models. The estimated exposures were assessed against the agricultural operator exposure levels (AOELs) for single active substances, where any exceedance indicates a potential risk to health. The 23 rice growers cultivated 0.6 – 3.8 ha of rice. Pesticides were applied on 3 -13 different days by the different growers with between 1 and 8 compounds applied on individual spray days. Individuals had estimated average daily exposures to single active substance compounds of 4.1x10-3 to 1.3x10-1 mg kg-bw-1 day-1 (4.0x10-3 – 1.3x10-1 and 4.2x10-5 – 5.4x10-2 mg kg-bw-1 day-1 during application and mixing/loading activities, respectively), where dermal exposure constituted 89 – 99.6% of the total exposure. Overall, 25% of all the applications reported by the 23 growers had exposure estimates that exceeded the AOELs, mainly due to the use of highly toxic pesticides, products formulated as wettable powders, and/or growers neglecting to wear gloves whilst handling pesticides. All of these factors can be improved by provision of training and information on selection of pesticide products and application practices. Study findings can be used to target efforts to minimise pesticide risks to health in developing countries.
RETRACTED: Valorisation of Alfa stem in synthesis of lignin –phenol -formaldehyde resin: Application as an adhesive corrosion-resistant coating
Authors: Toubal Sara , Aribi Chouaib , Saidi Mohammed , Chentir Imene , SAFI Brahim
Published: October 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Development and Validation of a LASSO Prediction Model for cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity: A Case-Control Study in China
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Luo Xuyang , Fan Yi , Zhou Wei , Ma Shijie , Kang Yuwei , Yang Wei , Geng Xiaoxia , Zhang Heping , Deng Fei
Published: October 2023

Background: Early identification of high-risk individuals with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is crucial for avoiding CIN and improving prognosis. In this study, we developed and validated a CIN prediction model based on general clinical data, laboratory indications, and genetic features of lung cancer patients before chemotherapy.
Method: We retrospectively included 696 lung cancer patients using platinum chemotherapy regimens from June 2019 to June 2021 as the test set to construct a predictive model using Absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, cross validation, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to select important variables. We prospectively selected 283 independent lung cancer patients from July 2021 to December 2022 as the validation set to evaluate the model's performance.
Result: The prediction model showed good discrimination and calibration, with AUCs of 0.9217 and 0.8288, sensitivity of 79.89% and 45.07%, specificity of 94.48% and 94.81%, in the test and validation sets respectively. Clinical decision curve analysis suggested that the model has value for clinical use when the risk threshold ranges between 0.1 and 0.9.
Conclusion: Predictive models based on laboratory and demographic variables can serve as a beneficial complementary tool for identifying high-risk populations with CIN.
Metabolic profiling of galectin-1 and galectin-3: a cross-sectional, multi-omics, association study
Authors: Jansson Per-Anders , Fryk Emanuel , Silva Vagner Ramon Rodrigues , Strindberg Lena , Strand Robin , Ahlström Håkan , Michaelsson Karl , Kullberg Joel , Lind Lars
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Experimental studies indicate a role for galectin-1 and galectin-3 in metabolic disease, but clinical evidence from larger populations is limited.
Methods: We measured circulating levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in POEM study participants (n=502, all aged 50 years) and characterized the individual association profiles with metabolic markers, including clinical measures, metabolomics, adipose tissue distribution (Imiomics) and proteomics.
Results: Both galectins were associated with fatty acids, lipoproteins and triglycerides including lipid measurements in the metabolomics analysis adjusted for BMI. Galectin-1 was associated with several measurements of adiposity, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, while galectin-3 was only associated with fasting insulin levels. Mechanistically, both galectins were associated with inflammatory pathways and FABP4- and 5-regulated triglyceride metabolic pathways. Galectin-1 was also associated with several proteins related to adipose tissue differentiation.
​Conclusions: The similar metabolic association profiles for galectin-1 and -3 indicate overlapping metabolic effects, while the distinctly different associations seen with fat mass, fat distribution, and adipose tissue differentiation markers could suggest a functional role of galectin-1 in obesity. This study indicates that galectin-1 and -3 have metabolic effects in humans.
Impact of climate change beliefs on farm households’ adaptation behaviors: the case of Ivory Coast.
Authors: DESQUITH Louise-Ella Docteur en sciences économiques
Published: October 2023

This paper examines how climate beliefs influence the adaptation decisions of Ivorian farmers. Based on the level of exposure to climate shocks and the type of farming practiced, two regions (Bouaké and Bonoua) were selected for data collection and 658 households were surveyed. Using a multivariate probit model, we analyze the impact of climate beliefs on decisions to implement an adaptation strategy. Our results indicate that the impact of beliefs on adaptation decisions varies according to the region considered. In Bouaké, religious and traditional beliefs, as well as subjective predictions of temperature trends, are the main drivers of farmers' adaptation decisions. In Bonoua, on the other hand, concerns about climate change and confidence in scientific studies on the worsening of CC determine farmers' adaptation decisions. In addition, the results of beliefs about the anthropogenic origin of climate change appear decisive. Policy recommendations are derived from our findings.
Code JEL : Q54, C13, D81
Optimizing User Acceptance of AI Agents in Information-Sharing Environments
Authors: Kehat Rebecca , Hirschprung Ron , Alkoby Shani
Published: October 2023

Information-sharing (IS) occurs in almost every action of our daily life. IS holds benefits for its users, but it is also a source of privacy violations. Human users struggle to balance this trade-off between the potential benefits and the resulting costs. This reality calls for Artificial-Intelligence (AI)-based agent assistance that surpasses humans’ bottom-line utility, as shown in previous research. However, convincing an individual to follow an AI agent’s recommendation is not trivial; therefore, the current research goal is establishing trust in the machine. To this end, based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach, we developed a methodology that optimizes the user-interface (UI) with a target function of maximizing the AI agent recommendation acceptance. To empirically demonstrate our methodology, we conducted an experiment with eight UI factors and (n=64) human participants acting in a Facebook simulator environment accompanied by an AI-agent assistant. Based on the results, we showed how the methodology can be implemented to optimize the agent’s users’ acceptance. Finally, while our methodology was tested empirically on an IS platform, it could be applied straightforwardly in other domains.
Analysis of subsidence change regularity in high‑groundwater‑level coal mining areas in different periods from Sentinel-1A time-series data
Authors: Jiang Xuzi , Li Xinju , Li Jing , Hu Xiao
Published: October 2023

The high‑groundwater‑level coal mining areas have a long history of mining and are mainly located in east-central region of China. Subsidence caused by coal mining has several different periods. However, the subsidence change regularity in each periods remains unclear. This study aimed at revealing the subsidence change regularity in high‑groundwater‑level coal mining areas in different periods. Juye mining area was selected for the study, which located in Heze City, Shandong Province, China. Firstly, 54 Sentinel-1A radar satellite images from August 2018 to July 2020 were acquired for this research. The “two-track method” of D-InSAR technology was employed to process of images. Secondly, based on subsidence velocity of 1.7 mm/day, the subsidence process was divided into three periods: initial, active and weakening. Thirdly, elevation data of ground levelling points were used to check the accuracy of subsidence monitoring using Sentinel-1A data. At last, the subsidence change process in different periods was analyzed and the change regularity was summarized. The results are shown as follows: (1) The subsidence characteristics are not obvious in initial period. (2) The subsidence funnel begin to form and the mean maximum subsidence in center is greater than 1400 mm in active period. (3) The subsidence rate and volume gradually decrease and eventually stabilize in weakening period. The results can provide an important basis for land conservation in mining areas.
Induction of In Vitro Shoots in Liverwort Gametophyte Explant Acrolejeunea fertilis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Schiffn. and its Comparative Metabolite and Bioactivity Analysis
Authors: Ramadhani Nadhifa Tazkia , Handayani Windri , Yasman Yasman , Putrika Afiatry
Published: October 2023

Plant-derived natural products, including those from bryophytes, are particularly advantageous in several aspects, as for antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. However, the bioactivity potential of secondary metabolites found in the liverwort species Acrolejeunea fertilis (A. fertilis) has not been extensively investigated; moreover, it has limited biomass in nature. An in vitro culture can be a solution for the propagation of A. fertilis. The application of plant growth regulatory substances with various concentrations is expected to increase the growth of A. fertilis. This study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin applied to the gametophyte phase of A. fertilis in vitro culture. This study also aimed to compare the metabolite profile between A. fertilis from nature and in vitro culture condition, using methanol and n-hexane solvent. The compounds in the extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) also their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The IC50 values for nature and in vitro extracts were in the range of 58.41–63.10 µg/ml and 111.73–112.10 µg/ml. The total value of phenolic compounds in A. fertilis extracts ranged from 58.51 ± 0.02 µgGAE/g and 272.53 ± 0.02 µgQE/g, respectively. The antibacterial activity revealed inhibition on S. aureus using an n-hexane A. fertilis from nature. Thus, this study highlights the diverse secondary metabolite profiles and bioactivity potential of A. fertilis extracts. These findings have important implications for the development of natural products for medicinal and mass propagation in terms of the potential of A. fertilis as a source of bioactive compounds.
the impact of monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio trajectories on the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: two cross section studies and a cohort study.
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , He Yuhong , Ji Shuai , Chen Ren , Zhao Xiaoshan , Han Dong , Yang Lei , Hu Zhaoting , Chen Nabao , Zheng Tingting , Wu Huixiang , Chen Zhongyu , Deng Baofeng
Published: October 2023

Objective
the new inflammation biomarkers has been enrolled to predict risk of several chronic diseases. However, research on biomarkers related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) wasn’t deep. We aimed to identify the inflammation index most closely associated with NAFLD, explore its trajectory in relation to NAFLD events
Methods
Firstly, through 29123 domestic and 6331 international cross-sectional samples, we utilized random forest analysis to screen out the most potent inflammatory factors associated with NAFLD prevalence. Secondly, through 8524 domestic cohort samples, we utilized Group-based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) to identify the key inflammatory factor (changes) trajectories. Furtherly, we utilized random survival forest analysis to rank the importance of key inflammatory factor-related trajectories and baseline. And then, we utilized the Cox proportional hazard model to assess the MHR-related trajectory's risk of NAFLD incidence. Finally, we conducted subgroup analysis and interaction analysis.
Results
The prevalence of NAFLD in domestic and international cross-sectional data was 30% and 20% respectively. Random (survival) forest analysis revealed that MHR is the most significant contributor among the five inflammatory factors to the prevalence of NAFLD, and the MHR trajectory is the most prominent indicator among the three MHR-related factors in terms of its contribution to the incidence of NAFLD, in the Chinese cohort. The incidence of new-onset NAFLD gradually increased with the elevation of MHR trajectory (P < 0.05). MHR trajectory had an additive interaction with BMI on the incidence of NAFLD.
Conclusion
A higher MHR trajectory was significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD incidence, suggesting that monitoring MHR trajectory over time may aid in identifying pre-NAFLD and NAFLD, particularly in overweight and obese men.