bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization Coverage and Factors Associated with Failure to Complete Childhood Immunization
Authors: Khan Imran , Ameen Ahmed , Anwar Rizwan , Rahman Amjad Ur , Ali Mohammad Wajid , Omair Muhammad , Alam Muhammad Babar
Published: February 2024

Background: Immunization is a cornerstone of public health, aiming to reduce morbidity and mortality among children. Despite global efforts to increase vaccination coverage, gaps in immunization persist, influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving vaccination strategies and achieving herd immunity.
Objective: The study aimed to assess the immunization coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months and identify factors associated with incomplete immunization in a peri-urban area of Peshawar.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 15, 2021, to November 15, 2022, involving 239 children aged 12 to 23 months from five villages selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data on demographic and socio-economic factors, along with immunization status, were collected through interviews with mothers and caretakers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Immunization coverage was assessed, and factors associated with failure to complete immunization were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.
Results: The study revealed that 50.2% (120/239) of children were fully immunized, 35.5% (85/239) were partially immunized, and 14.2% (34/239) were unimmunized. Factors contributing to incomplete immunization included lack of information (31/239), lack of motivation (17/239), accessibility issues (9/239), vaccine availability (7/239), and family-related challenges (22/239). No significant gender discrimination in immunization coverage was observed. Children from families with lower socioeconomic status and parents with education less than secondary level were more likely to be incompletely immunized.
Conclusion: While there has been progress in immunization coverage, significant barriers remain, particularly among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds and families with lower levels of parental education. Addressing these challenges through targeted public health interventions and enhanced community awareness is essential for improving immunization coverage and protecting children against vaccine-preventable diseases.
Dietary Carotenoids and their Multifaceted Roles in Cancer Prevention
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad Aftab , Gul Rutaba , Nazik Ghulam
Published: February 2024

Background: Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with dietary and lifestyle factors playing crucial roles in its incidence and prevention. Carotenoids, naturally occurring pigments found in various fruits and vegetables, have garnered attention for their potential anti-carcinogenic properties. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which contribute to their cancer-preventing capabilities.
Objective: This review aims to systematically examine the evidence regarding the role of dietary carotenoids in cancer prevention, focusing on their mechanisms of action, associated health benefits, and the implications for dietary recommendations.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, focusing on studies that explored the relationship between dietary intake of carotenoids and cancer risk reduction. The review included peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published up to April 2023. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a focus on observational and intervention studies that provided clear outcomes on cancer incidence and the effects of dietary carotenoids.
Results: The evidence suggests that carotenoids such as lycopene, beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin have significant protective effects against various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. These effects are attributed to the carotenoids' ability to neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate signaling pathways related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increased dietary intake of carotenoid-rich foods is associated with a reduced risk of cancer, highlighting the importance of diet in cancer prevention strategies.
Conclusion: Dietary carotenoids play a crucial role in cancer prevention, offering protective effects against the development of several cancer types. The findings support the inclusion of carotenoid-rich foods in dietary recommendations as a potential strategy for reducing cancer risk. Future research should focus on understanding the optimal levels of carotenoid intake and exploring the synergistic effects of carotenoids and other bioactive compounds in cancer prevention.
Evaluation of the Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Megaloblastic Anemia in Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore.
Authors: Pasha Samra Razzaq , Aiman Azka , Saeed Nida , Shakeel Sana , Noor Farah , Riaz Sumaira , Khan Maira , Sagheer Muhammad Tayyab , Fardous Safia
Published: February 2024

Background: Megaloblastic anemia is a hematologic disorder characterized by the presence of large, immature red blood cells due to a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folate. It remains a significant public health issue globally, affecting various populations across different age groups and dietary habits.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and implications of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of megaloblastic anemia in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 85 patients over a period of four months. Ethical approval was secured in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants included both genders with hemoglobin levels <10 g/dl or mean corpuscular volume >95 fL, excluding pregnant women and individuals with primary diseases such as hepatic, renal, or cancerous conditions. Verbal consent was obtained before blood sample collection. CBC parameters were analyzed using a Mindray hematology analyzer, and vitamin B12 levels were measured via ELISA. Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The mean hemoglobin levels for males and females were 10.06 ± 3.10 g/dl and 9.61 ± 3.25 g/dl, respectively. The mean MCV for males was 99.94 ± 6.63 fL, and for females, it was 100.25 ± 7.90 fL. Vitamin B12 levels averaged at 489.92 ± 468.10 pg/ml for males and 440.19 ± 419.47 pg/ml for females. Of the patients, 47.05% had normal B12 levels, 25.88% were deficient, and 27.05% had high levels of B12.
Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency was prevalent among patients with megaloblastic anemia and was independent of gender or age. The findings suggest a strong need for enhanced nutritional awareness and screening practices to identify and treat this deficiency early in at-risk populations.
Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Problems Among Tennis Players In Twin Cities Of Pakistan
Authors: Tasnim Areej , Amjad Fatima , Zahra Nudrat , Khatoon Rehmat , Zafar Arfa , Bashir Kiran
Published: February 2024

Background: Tennis, a popular sport played worldwide, requires a unique combination of agility, strength, and endurance, which predisposes players to a range of musculoskeletal injuries. Despite its widespread popularity, there is a paucity of research on the prevalence of such injuries among tennis players in the twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal problems among tennis players in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with a focus on identifying the most commonly affected areas and the impact of these injuries on the players' activities.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 tennis players from various clubs in Rawalpindi and Islamabad between February 27, 2023, and January 30, 2024. Participants were selected using convenient sampling. Data on demographics and musculoskeletal discomfort were collected through a self-structured questionnaire and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The Rao-soft calculator determined the sample size with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. Inclusion criteria targeted players aged 18-35 with a playing experience of less than 3 years, playing at least twice a week. Exclusion criteria included a history of fracture, recent surgical procedures, or neurological deficits. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean age of participants was 23.92 (±4.76) years. The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in the past week and year was highest in the shoulders (16.1%, 48.6%), followed by knees (13.3%, 25.2%), elbows (7.8%, 23.4%), and upper back (10.1%, 17.9%). Over the past year, 10.6% of participants reported that shoulder issues prevented daily activities, and 7.8% sought physician consultations for shoulder pain.
Conclusion: Shoulder pain was the most prevalent musculoskeletal issue among tennis players, indicating the need for targeted preventive measures and interventions. Emphasizing proper technique and incorporating specific strength and flexibility training could mitigate the risk of injuries.
Association of Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout among Nurses Dealing with COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Haq Fazal , Bashir Shahzad , Kumar Santosh , Khan Atif
Published: February 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented stress on healthcare workers, particularly nurses working in intensive care and high-dependency units. Understanding the dynamics of compassion satisfaction and burnout in this context is crucial for developing effective support mechanisms.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the levels of compassion satisfaction and burnout among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients and to explore the association between these variables and demographic factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six tertiary care hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from February to December 2021. A total of 365 nurses were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected through demographic questionnaires and modified ProQOL scales for compassion satisfaction and burnout. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables to explore associations and differences.
Results: The mean compassion satisfaction score was high at 43.93 ± 4.17, with significant differences observed across age, qualification, and experience groups but not between genders. Male nurses reported a slightly higher compassion satisfaction score (43.96 ± 4.14) than female nurses (43.92 ± 4.19). The average burnout score was 23.26 ± 4.09, with significant differences noted across gender and age groups. Male nurses and those in older age groups exhibited higher levels of burnout. A moderate negative correlation between compassion satisfaction and burnout was identified (r = -0.32).
Conclusion: The study highlights high levels of compassion satisfaction among nurses, with variations across demographic factors. A moderate negative association between compassion satisfaction and burnout suggests that enhancing nurses' compassion satisfaction could be a strategic approach to mitigate burnout. Healthcare systems should implement targeted interventions to support nurses' well-being, especially for more vulnerable groups.
The Impact of Catechins, Capsaicin, and Gingerol in Managing Diabetes and Reducing the Risk of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hamza Muhammad , Fatima Ghulam , Sana Rubab , Ghafar Saba , Hamza Ali , Habib Muhammad Tahir , Fatima Hunza , Latif Maryam , Akram Hafiza Iqra
Published: February 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality, with their prevalence escalating alongside the increasing incidence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Traditional therapeutic approaches have had limited success in fully managing these conditions, prompting interest in natural compounds such as capsaicin and gingerol. These compounds have been identified for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory properties.
Objective: This review aims to critically assess the impact of capsaicin and gingerol on the management of diabetes and atherosclerosis, highlighting their mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and clinical applications.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies that evaluated the effects of capsaicin and gingerol on diabetes and atherosclerosis. The search strategy incorporated a combination of keywords and MeSH terms related to the compounds and diseases of interest. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with data extraction and quality assessment conducted according to standardized protocols.
Results: The review synthesized evidence from both animal models and human clinical trials, demonstrating that capsaicin and gingerol exhibit significant potential in improving metabolic health, reducing inflammation, and mitigating the risk factors associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Capsaicin was found to enhance weight management and cardiovascular health through mechanisms involving the sympathetic nervous system and TRPV1 activation. Gingerol showed potent anti-inflammatory effects and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the clinical applicability of these findings requires further investigation to determine optimal dosages and long-term effects.
Conclusion: Capsaicin and gingerol present promising natural therapeutic options for the management of diabetes and atherosclerosis, with potential benefits extending beyond traditional treatment modalities. Further clinical trials are necessary to fully elucidate their therapeutic potential and integrate them into clinical practice.
Eugenol's Molecular Warfare against Human Leukemia K562 cells: In Vitro Insights to Chemotherapeutic Potentials
Authors: Aziz Owais , Suleman Aleeza , Fatima Zarrien , Yasin Aqsa , Nasir Ashbail , Ubaid Muhammad , Shahbaz Hamza , Rafiq Muhammad Faisal , Khaliq Hafiz Muhammad Haseeb , Sehar Amna , Bukhari Syed Faizan Saeed
Published: February 2024

Background: The search for effective anticancer agents has led to an increased focus on natural compounds, given their role as the foundation for many chemotherapeutic drugs. Eugenol (EUG) and Bis-Eugenol (Bis-EUG), derived from clove oil, have shown promise due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative properties across various cancer cell lines. This study aims to elucidate the chemotherapeutic potential of EUG and Bis-EUG on human leukemia K562 cells, exploring their ability to modulate apoptosis and cell proliferation.
Objective: To assess the in vitro anticancer effects of EUG and Bis-EUG on K562 cell lines through various assays measuring cell viability, apoptosis, gene expression, and nitric oxide release, with a focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying their anticancer activity.
Methods: The study employed an inter-collaborative approach, utilizing MTT assays to determine the IC50 values of EUG and Bis-EUG on K562 cells. Gene expression analysis of pro-apoptotic genes Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was performed using RT-qPCR. Apoptotic changes were further analyzed through flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining to observe morphological alterations in treated cells. The release of nitric oxide (NO) as an indicator of anti-proliferative activity was measured using a Griess assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism Software, Version 9, and Microsoft Excel, with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The IC50 values for EUG and Bis-EUG were determined to be 16.7 µM and 0.14 mM, respectively. Gene expression profiling revealed a significant increase in Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression, indicating the activation of apoptotic pathways. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining confirmed the induction of apoptosis, with noticeable changes in cell morphology and nuclear fragmentation. The NO release assay demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in NO levels, highlighting the compounds' anti-proliferative effects.
Conclusion: EUG and Bis-EUG exhibit potent anticancer effects on leukemia K562 cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. The significant increase in NO levels and the activation of caspases suggest that these compounds may serve as effective chemotherapeutic agents. Further in vivo studies are warranted to explore their potential in cancer treatment regimens.
Do IT: Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Ketenagakerjaan
Authors: Davinci Jay , Ardian Davi , Kanahaya Raditya , Fathurrahman Ilham , Azzikra Bahaa , Alamsyah Bilal
Published: February 2024

Di era modern yang terus berkembang ini, teknologi menjadi unsur kunci yang memengaruhi perkembangan bisnis dan ketenagakerjaan. Dengan itu peran mahasiswa untuk berinovasi sangat lah dibutuhkan.Oleh karena itu Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa (PKM) merupakan salah satu wadah bagi mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan potensi kreatif dan inovatifnya dalam rangka mencari solusi atas permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Dalam konteks ini, proposal kami mengusung gagasan yang kami beri nama "Do IT: Aplikasi Bisnis dan Ketenagakerjaan Berbasis Teknologi."
Dengan proposal ini kami merencanakan untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi bisnis dan ketenagakerjaan dimana aplikasi ini adalah aplikasi jasa yang dapat membantu Masyarakat dalam mencari pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan keahlian mereka. Tidak hanya itu aplikasi ini juga menyediakan jasa terhadap konsumen yang membutuhkan suatu jasa. Dengan begitu aplikasi ini tidak hanya mengurangi masalah kurangnya lapangan kerja tetapi juga membantu dalam pencarian jasa yang diperlukan konsumen.
Persoalan yang mendasari pengembangan aplikasi "Do IT" didorong oleh pemahaman mendalam terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Salah satu sumber inspirasi utama adalah fakta bahwa angka pengangguran masih tinggi di beberapa wilayah, sementara perusahaan-perusahaan seringkali kesulitan menemukan karyawan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka (Purwanti A, 2023). Oleh karena itu, kami berupaya mencari solusi yang dapat menghubungkan antara peluang kerja dengan individu yang mencari pekerjaan sesuai dengan kemampuan mereka.
Aplikasi "Do IT" merupakan pengembangan dari konsep yang sudah ada, dengan tujuan untuk memperluas jangkauannya dan meningkatkan efisiensi. Proposal ini mengacu pada produk serupa yang telah ada di masyarakat, tetapi kami berencana untuk menyempurnakan fitur-fitur yang ada, menambahkan algoritma kecerdasan buatan untuk pencocokan pekerjaan, serta memperluas layanan dukungan dan pelatihan bagi pencari kerja.
ViViD: Aplikasi Kencantikan sebagai Wadah Edukasi dan Identifikasi Personal Color
Authors: Nadhifa Shadira halli , Tompunu Clarissa , Wildannur Atika , Bastian Feyza Adyani , Amelia vega  , Syifa Rizani
Published: February 2024

Makeup has been a part of human culture for more than 6000 years, continuing to evolve as new trends emerge in the beauty industry. Everyone has a unique color of skin, eyes, hair, makeup applications are created to determine personal color and shade. The application aims to increase user confidence by helping them find the best matching makeup color based on their individual characteristics. Using the SMART method in its development, the app focuses on specific features such as personal color identification and appropriate makeup color recommendations. Measurable aspects involve calculating the accuracy of personal color recommendations and makeup colors. The initiative is highly relevant, addressing the general concerns of women and in line with the growing market demand for makeup as a lifestyle
The Effect of Using Wordwall Game Application Media on Economics Subjects on Student Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 2 Sanga Desa
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Rachmawati Diana Widh , Toyib Muhammad
Published: February 2024

In this study, the problems found in the field are that the teaching and learning process is not optimal because students experience a form of learning difficulties related to characteristic, personality and study habits or students who excel below their ability level (wordwaall game). By applying synectic learning media, it is expected to overcome or at least direct adjustments to the problems faced by students. This study aims to determine the learning interest of grade XI IPS 1 students in economic growth and development at SMA Negeri 2 Sanga Desa. The method used in this study is the experimental method. Based on the results of the study, the results of the student wordwall game test showed that the average student who experienced it was 85.66% in the experimental class. In the synectic model category, the average student activity is 46.66% and in the experimental class learning outcomes students have an average Student activeness is 46.66%. The overall increase that occurred in students after applying wordwall game media synectic learning in the experimental class had an average of 85.66% or in the creteria "Improving / influential". In the results of the hypothesis carried out by researchers using a simple regression formula, this study there is an influence of wordwall games on the interest of high school students in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Sanga Desa on the material of economic growth and development obtained t_(count =) 7.277>t_(table=)1.697 which means Ha is accepted while Ho is rejected. This study has an influence on other factors. Thus, this study shows that there is an influence of wordwall games on high school students' interest in economics subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Sanga Desa.
Internet de las cosas y cultura de innovación en estudiantes de Universidad Pública
Authors: Hermitaño-Atencio Bernardo Clímaco , Ortiz-Vergara Martin William , Buleje-Agüero Grimaldo Wilfredo , Torres-Calixtro Juan Manuel , García-Rojas Vidal Cristian
Published: February 2024

La crisis económica mundial, los problemas generados por el cambio climático, el crecimiento de la pobreza, la disminución de recursos hídricos y alimenticios, los problemas de salud entre otros afectan a la población mundial. A partir de las crisis la innovación es una de las áreas que se tiene que promover desde las aulas universitarias. La investigación se desarrolló dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño preexperimental y propone determinar la influencia del desarrollo de módulos de Internet de las Cosas (IoT) en la cultura de innovación de los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNE). Se obtuvo información de 62 estudiantes de la carrera profesional de Telecomunicaciones e Informática. Los resultados evidencian que la aplicación del curso de Internet de las Cosas incide de manera significativa en los valores, comportamientos, clima, recursos, procesos y resultados de la cultura de innovación.
PELATIHAN DESIGN POUCH KERIPIK KELADI
Authors: Haryati Tati , Siska Defran , Hidayat Fajrin
Published: February 2024

Konsumen biasanya lebih tertarik dengan sebuah kemasan dibandingkan isi dari kemasan tersebut. Dari sini kita dapat mengukur bahwa sebuah design kemasan pada produk akan mempengaruhi minat pembeli. Di Kota Wamena terkenal dengan lahan yang luas yang sebagian besar ditanami dengan Keladi (Talas).
Hasil pertanian ini menjadi primadona masyarakat yang menjual dan membuat produk dari keladi, menjadi alasan utama bagi kami untuk mengadakan pelatihan kepada masyarakat agar perekonomian mereka dapat lebih meningkat dari sebelumnya. Pelatihan ini dilakukan di Distrik Bolakme yang dilaksanakan pada Bulan Maret 2021 di Kantor Kampung Agamoa Distrik Wesaput Kabupaten Jayawijaya. selama sebulan. Masyarakat diberikan pelatihan tentang cara meningkatkan pendapatan melalui hasil pertanian dan cara mengemas produk dengan baik melalui standing pouch.
Alasan kami memilih menggunakan standing pouch adalah karena standing pouch sangat efisien dan praktis, desain kemasannya cukup stylish dan kuat, fleksibel, harga ekonomis, dan kemasannya modern. Selain itu, menggunakan standing pouch sebagai kemasan produk keripik keladi dapat meningkatkan nilai produk, aman saat pengiriman, dan produk kedap udara. Laporan kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh dosen mengenai pelatihan bagi Masyarakat Kampung Agamoa.
Kegiatan ini menghasilkan produk yakni keripik kulit singkon dengan kemasan yang dikemas dengan lebih baik dari sebelumnya yag hanya dibungkus dengan plastic gula tanpa value tinggi dan tidak menarik pembeli.
Conservation of some endemic species of the genera leucozonella and archaica and measures for their protection
Authors: Makhmudjonov Zafarjon Murodjon ugli  , Khudoyberdiyeva Sevinch Muzaffar qizi  , Rahmonova Zilola Mirzatilla qizi  , Haidarov Islombek Mamat ugli  , Chutanov Bakhrom Egamberdievich  , Khudoyberdiyev Firdavs Koʻchim ugli
Published: February 2024

The article examines the protection and measures for the protection of Leucozonella corona and Archaica eleorica. Leucozonella corona Schileyko et Rymzhanov, 2010 is a weak, naturally rare, locally distributed, endemic species. It is distributed in certain areas in the Chotkal and Kurama m ountain ranges. Archaica eleorika Schileyko et Pazilov, 2003-weak, naturally rare, endemic species. Distributed in the hilly regions of Shahrisabz district, Kashkadarya region.
Efficiency of the Sprinkling Irrigation Method for Irrigation Of Soybean And Cauliflower
Authors: Sanobar Dostnazarova  , Khusnora Khusanbayeva  , Jamshid Narzullayev
Published: February 2024

In order to reduce the population's need for food and rational use of water resources in the conditions of typical irrigated gray soils Tashkent region, the sprinkling irrigation method was used for soybean crops "Nafis" and cauliflower "Raskot", while taking into account the volumetric mass of the soil, soil porosity, soil permeability. This is explained by the fact that the timing of irrigation, given to crops, irrigation rates, seasonal irrigation rates, the impact on growth, the development and productivity of plants are described
The role of lean manufacturing (Toyota model) in entrepreneurship for organisations/an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of workers at the Arab Integration Factory in Al-Muthanna Governorate
Authors: Assistant Lect. Osamah Hawee Azeez Al-Tai
Published: February 2024

The current research sought to identify the role of lean manufacturing in entrepreneurship for medium and small-sized organizations, clarify the intellectual relationship between the two variables, and test the relationship of correlation and effect between them in the field
Librarians’ Indices And Utilization Of Electronic Information Resources In Bowen University Iwo
Authors: ATANDA, Luqman Ayanlola  , OLUKAYODE, Victoria Adeola  , UDOEDUOK, Etido Sunday
Published: February 2024

This study determined the Librarians’ Indices on Utilization of Electronic Information Resources in Bowen University Iwo. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study covered librarians’ (academic librarians) of Bowen University Iwo. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of the study was 7 academic librarians’. Census sampling technique was used for the study; and a sample size of 7 academic librarians was used. The instrument titled “Librarians’ Indices and Utilization of Electronic Information Resources Questionnaire (LIUEIRQ)” was developed by the researcher and validated by three librarians. Cronbach Alpha reliability method was used to compute the reliability of the research instrument which yielded a co-efficient of .72. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for research question 1- 3, and t-test was used to test null hypotheses 1- 3. All the null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance. The findings indicated that librarians’ indices influenced the level of utilization of electronic information resources in Bowen Universities Iwo. The study concluded that Librarians’ Indices are significant determinants for the influence in the utilization of electronic information resources in Bowen University Iwo. Librarians’ indices and utilization of electronic information resources in Bowen University Iwo is very crucial for acquiring current, timely, relevant and up-to-date electronic information resources for academic activities. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others, that the librarians’ indices should not be barrier on their utilization of electronic information resources. Every librarian should be able and interested in making use of electronic information resources no matter of their status
Child’s Right Protection in Cameroon
Authors: Dr Pippie Hugues
Published: February 2024

Children are human beings below the age of 18 years. They are distinctive and privileged since they are a vulnerable group of human beings. Children have human rights such as the right to education, health and a standard of living. These rights have to be respected and protected. As per the Triple Prong Theory of Protect, Promote and Fulfil, it is the responsibility of the state to ensure that its citizens enjoy their human rights. The ideas that animated children’s right movement developed after the Second World War and the atrocities of The Holocaust. Children are often victims of bad treatment, negative social and cultural practices, sexual abuse and all forms of economic hazardous exploitation. This research exposes child labour as a major infringement of child rights that needs to be eliminated. Children engage in this activity out of desperation or are forced. Although they are coming from poor families, some of them have to work. Others are trafficked and forced to work in plantations while others are in commercial sexual exploitation. It therefore becomes necessary to investigate on activities violating children’s rights and possible mechanisms. This paper makes use of an in-depth analysis of International legal instruments protecting children’s rights at the international level. These international legal instruments are ratified and applied with other national instruments protecting children’s rights, yet, these rights are still violated. It is recommended that measures should be taken to intensify the fight against child labour in the area of education. Cameroon has a good legal framework for the protection of children’s rights. However, child labour which is manifested in its various forms only suggests that more is expected from the government in protecting children’s rights.
Evaluating the Reflection of Pashtun Culture on Lemar TV Channel
Authors: Sakhidad Mahdiyar  , Muhammad Ragheb Eftikhari  , Zabiullah Adil
Published: February 2024

This research endeavors to assess the role of the Lemar TV channel in portraying Pashtun cultural values through an in-depth examination of the "Lemar Makham" program. The study, conducted over six months, employed qualitative research methodologies, explicitly adopting the case study and content analysis approaches. A comprehensive analysis of 24 episodes, each comprising 6 segments, was undertaken to explore six distinct cultural elements: clothing, food, music, poetry and literature, language, and cultural innovation. The research findings signify the program's success in effectively reflecting Pashtun culture across multiple dimensions. Literature and poetry emerge as the predominant cultural element, constituting 100 percent of the sample size. Subsequently, language is represented at 91 percent, music at 75 percent, clothing at 55 percent, food at 50 percent, and cultural innovation at the lowest percentage, amounting to 15 percent within the entire sample size. In conclusion, this research affirms that the "Lemar Makham" program serves as a compelling and accurate portrayal of Pashtun culture and literature in Afghanistan. The nuanced exploration of various cultural elements within the program contributes to its effectiveness in representing and preserving the rich cultural heritage of the Pashtun community.
Analía Lludgar, Ofer Pelz, Evelin Ramón, Pierre Alexandre Tremblay : quatre profils d’expatriation
Authors: Dell’Ara-Majek Ana
Published: February 2024

Réalisée entre avril et juin 2023, cette enquête collecte les témoignages de quatre compositeur·rice·s qui se sont expatrié·e·s à un moment donné de leur carrière musicale, et où le Québec représente un point de départ, d’arrivée ou d’étape dans leur parcours. Analía Lludgar (Argentine), Ofer Pelz (Israël), Evelin Ramón (Cuba) et Pierre Alexandre Tremblay (Québec) ont participé à une entrevue portant sur les motifs de leur expatriation, sur la comparaison entre leur pays d’accueil et d’origine, ainsi que sur les répercussions personnelles et musicales de leur expérience. L’enquête dégage leur ressenti identitaire de même que les points de convergence et les différences dans la perception socioculturelle du Québec selon les époques et les personnalités de chacun·e.
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Reward Rate Optimization in the Tradeoff Between Controlled and Automatic Processing in Neural Network Architectures
Authors: Petri Giovanni , Musslick Sebastian , Cohen Jonathan D.
Published: February 2024

This article introduces a quantitative approach to modeling the cost of control in a neural network architecture when it is required to execute one or more simultaneous tasks, and its relationship to automaticity. We begin by formalizing two forms of cost associated with a given level of performance: an
intensity cost
that quantifies how much information must be added to the input to achieve the desired response for a given task, that we treat as the contribution of
control
; and an
interaction cost
that quantifies the degree to which performance is degraded as a result of interference between processes responsible for performing two or more tasks, that we treat as inversely related to
automaticity
. We develop a formal expression of the relationship between these two costs, and use this to derive the optimal control policy for a desired level of performance. We use that, in turn, to quantify the tradeoff between control and automaticity, and suggest how this can be used as a normative framework for understanding how people adjudicate between the benefits of control and automaticity.
Coenzyme-Protein Interactions since Early Life
Authors: Sanchez-Rocha Alma Carolina , Makarov Mikhail , Pravda Lukáš , Novotný Marian , Hlouchová Klára
Published: February 2024

Recent findings in protein evolution and peptide prebiotic plausibility have been setting the stage for reconsidering the role of peptides in the early stages of life’s origin. Ancient protein families have been found to share common themes and proteins reduced in composition to prebiotically plausible amino acids have been reported capable of structure formation and key functions, such as binding to RNA. While this may suggest peptide relevance in early life, their functional repertoire when composed of a limited number of early residues (missing some of the most sophisticated functional groups of today’s alphabet) has been debated.Cofactors enrich the functional scope of about half of extant enzymes but whether they could also bind to peptides lacking the evolutionary late amino acids remains speculative. The aim of this study was to resolve the early peptide propensity to bind organic cofactors by analysis of protein-coenzyme interactions across the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We find that the prebiotically plausible amino acids are more abundant in the binding sites of the most ancient coenzymes and that such interactions rely more frequently on the involvement of the protein backbone atoms and metal ion cofactors. Moreover, we have identified a few select examples in today’s enzymes where coenzyme binding is supported solely by prebiotically available amino acids. These results imply the plausibility of a coenzyme-peptide functional collaboration preceding the establishment of the Central Dogma and full protein alphabet evolution.
The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D/eff maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging
Authors: Hunt Liam C. , Nyamkondiwa Kudzai , Stephan Anna , Jiao Jianqin , Kavdia Kanisha , Pagala Vishwajeeth , Peng Junmin , Demontis Fabio
Published: February 2024

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for regulating protein function and turnover via ubiquitination but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the
Drosophila
retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation. UBE2D/eff is key for proteostasis also in skeletal muscle: eff protein levels decline with aging, and muscle-specific eff knockdown causes an accelerated buildup in insoluble poly-ubiquitinated proteins (which progressively accumulate with aging) and shortens lifespan. Transgenic expression of human UBE2D2, homologous to eff, partially rescues the lifespan and proteostasis deficits caused by muscle-specific eff
RNAi
by re-establishing the physiological levels of eff
RNAi
-regulated proteins. Interestingly, UBE2D/eff knockdown in young age reproduces many of the proteomic changes that normally occur in old muscles, suggesting that the decrease in UBE2D/eff protein levels that occurs with aging contributes to reshaping the composition of the muscle proteome. Altogether, these findings indicate that UBE2D/eff is a key E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme for maintaining a youthful proteome and for ensuring protein quality control during aging.
CCTV Map Creation Method for Improving Fire Location Estimation
Authors: Kang Kyeongsin , Kwon Ohsung , Cho Wanho , Chae Seungun , You Jisun
Published: February 2024

Fire detection using existing CCTV cameras is a method of detecting images by applying an analysis program to the installed cameras. However, it is difficult to determine the specific location of a fire in a space, and if the same fire is detected by different cameras, it may be recognized as a different fire. To solve this problem, we developed a method for automatically detecting the location and shape of a fire according to the overlapping area of images from multiple cameras. A basic map of the space (monitoring area) was constructed for the fire, smoke, and people, who are considered mobile objects to be detected. Spatial synchronization was achieved by recognizing the location of a moving object and assigning an index to it. Additionally, we developed an algorithm that calculates the location of the fire, and the location of the fire could be specified by crossing the spatial map for each camera to extract a common index.
Development and Application of Safety Protection Passageway Capable of Double Buffering and Double Protection
Authors: Lee Bobe , Park Sungjin
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of the safety protection passage is not only to provide psychological stability to pedestrians when they have to pass near a construction site in the city but also to protect against materials, parts, tools, and debris that may fall at the actual construction site. However, despite the fact that pedestrian safety passages are important temporary facilities that are directly related to the safety of citizens, in the case of existing passageways, only the shape of the frame is arbitrarily created using square pipes or square lumber at the construction site, and wood is placed on the top. Currently, the panels are assembled and used without safety verification. The safety passageway installed in this manner is easily destroyed by a light impact. It can neither perform its function nor guarantee the safety of pedestrians. The main purpose of this study is to provide psychological stability to pedestrians in pedestrian passageways near urban construction sites and to prevent damage caused by materials, parts, tools, and debris that may fall at actual construction sites. As a result of research and development, the ease of manufacturing, economic feasibility, and operability of the structure were confirmed through the production of a prototype of the structure. A structural review confirmed that the stress generated in the safety protection passage of the researched and developed system for the appropriate load of the falling object was within the allowable stress.
Data Mining by Total Ranking Methods: A Case Study on Optimisation of the “Pulp and Bleaching” Process in the Paper Industry
Authors: Pavan Manuela , Todeschini Roberto , Orlandi Marco
Published: January 2006

Total order ranking methods are multicriteria decision making techniques used for the ranking of various alternatives on the basis of more than one criterion. The criteria, which are the standards by which the elements of the system are judged are not always in agreement, they can be conflicting, motivating the need to find an overall optimum that can deviate from the optima of one or more of the single criteria. Total order ranking methods are based on an aggregation of the criteria in a scalar function, i.e. an order or ranking index, which allow to sort elements according to its numerical value. Several evaluation methods which define a ranking parameter generating a total order ranking have been proposed in the literature. Four total order ranking methods are here described: Desirability functions, Utility functions, Dominance functions and Absolute Reference method. These methods have been compared to each other by applying them to a decision making problem in the paper industry. Various bleaching processes have been analysed and compared on the basis of multiple criteria, the aim being to find out best bleaching process among the ones proposed in the last years as alternative to chlorine bleaching process which is of high environmental impact due to the potential for chlorinated dioxin production.
Investigation of Red Natural Dyes Used in Historical Objects by HPLC‐DAD‐MS
Authors: Karapanagiotis Ioannis , Chryssoulakis Yannis
Published: January 2006

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV‐Vis Diode Array Detection (DAD) and electrospray mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) method was utilized for the identification of coloring components of madder, Armenian and Mexican cochineal, lac dye, brazilwood, safflower and dragon blood – probably the most important red natural dyestuffs found in objects of the cultural heritage. UVVis detection limits in the range of 0.2‐0.6 ng for carminic acid, alizarin and purpurin were achieved using a gradient elution of H2O‐0.01%TFA and CH3CN‐0.01%TFA. ESI mass spectrometer was also used, as a supportive detection method to the standard DAD, for further analysis of the tested materials, with the ability to analyze dyestuffs as small as one milligram. The presence of madder was revealed in two historical (Hellenistic and Roman period) samples, found in the Mediterranean area, by identifying purpurin in both of them. Munjistin was also identified in one of the samples (Hellenistic period) while alizarin was not detected, raising questions regarding the exact madder type, utilized in the historical samples.
Electrokinetic potential of kaolinite clay in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate
Authors: Sadek Olfat M. , Mekhemer Wafaa K. , Assaad Faiz F. , Mostafa Bassem A.
Published: January 2006

The determination of the electrokinetic potential of clay is very important in many applications. Therefore, this work was aimed at studying the effect of poly(4‐ sodium styrene sulfonate) on the electrokinetic potential and the sedimentation behavior of kaolinite clays at different pH values and/or in the presence of sodium or calcium chlorides. At pH values lower than the point of zero charge (PZC) of the kaolinite clay, the zeta potential of Na‐ or Ca‐kaolinite in CaCl2 solutions was higher than that in NaCl solutions at the same concentration. Above the PZC, the zeta potential of Na‐ or Ca‐kaolinite in NaCl solution was higher than that in CaCl2 at the same electrolyte concentration. These results reflect the ability of calcium cations to compress the double layer of the kaolinite clay better than sodium cations. Also, below the PZC and at low concentrations of poly(4‐sodium styrene sulfonate), the zeta potential of the kaolinite clay suspensions had low value, while the sediment volumes had higher values. On the other hand, above the PZC at increasing polymer concentrations, the zeta potentials increased but the sediment volumes had lower values compared to those produced below the PZC. The data showed the zeta potential of Na‐kaolinite suspensions are higher than Ca‐kaolinite, producing lower sediment volumes of Na‐kaolinite compared to Ca‐kaolinite at the same concentrations of polymer and/or pHs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1705–1711, 2006
Partitioning of anionic/nonionic polysaccharides in a segregative system of anionic polyelectrolyte mixtures in aqueous solution: Effects of polymer charge density and ionic strength of solution
Authors: Hellebust S. , Blokhus A. M. , Nilsson S.
Published: January 2006

The partitioning of three polysaccharides, Dextran sulfate (DxS), λ‐Carrageenan (CAR), and Dextran (Dx), and its dependence on polymer charge density and ionic strength have been investigated in the segregative mixture of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) and sodium polyacrylate‐acrylamide copolymers, NaP(AA/AM), of variable charge density, in aqueous solutions. It is shown that the solubility of all the three may be zero or finite in one or both phases, but the preferred phase is determined by the charge density on the copolymer. When charge densities are equal on the phase forming polymers, the saccharides CAR and Dx favor the phase rich in PSS, but they have greater affinity for the polymer of lower charge density when the charge densities on phase polymers are unequal. The partitioning behavior of DxS is the opposite of the other two polysachharides with respect to which phase it has the greatest affinity for. The values of the partitioning coefficients show that the system may be potentially useful for the purification of polysaccharides and other macromolecules, if appropriate conditions are selected. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1728–1734, 2006
Shear strength of wood to wood adhesive based on palm kernel oil
Authors: Badri Khairiah Haji , Ujar Ahmad Helmi , Othman Zulkefly , Hani Sahaldin Fadhlina
Published: January 2006

A polyurethane adhesive system was prepared by reacting a resin consisting of palm kernel oil‐based polyester and dimethyl cyclohexanediamine with an aliphatic adduct based on 2,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Brushing technique was used for applying the adhesive (of thickness 0.05–0.10 mm) onto the wood substrate. Shear strength test for substrates that have been exposed to moisture and various degrees of heat was carried out. Collected data indicated that the adhesive exposed to heat at 70°C has the highest shear strength. At this point, the shear force was at the maximum of 2562 N with strength of 2.65 MPa. However, at higher testing temperature, there is a decrease in the shear force and strength of the adhesive. The presence of moisture, however, does not affect much on the shear strength. The morphological observations via optical microscope were made to explain the relationship of heat and moisture with the shear strength of the adhesive. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1759–1764, 2006