bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limnospira(Cyanobacteria) chemical fingerprint reveals local molecular adaptation
Authors: Roussel Théotime , Hubas Cédric , Halary Sébastien , Chynel Mathias , Duval Charlotte , Cadoret Jean-Paul , Meziane Tarik , Vernès Léa , Yéprémian Claude , Bernard Cécile , Marie Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Limnospiracan colonize a wide variety of environments (e.g.,freshwater, brackish, alkaline or alkaline-saline water) and develop dominant and even permanent blooms that limit over-shadowed adjacent phototrophs diversity, especially in alkaline and saline environments. Previous phylogenomic analysis ofLimnospiraallowed us to distinguish two major phylogenetic clades (I and II) but failed to clearly segregate strains according to their respective habitats in terms of salinity or biogeography. In the present work, we attempt to determine whetherLimnospiradisplays metabolic signatures specific to its different habitats, particularly brackish or alkaline-saline ecosystems, and question the impact of accessory gene repertoires on respective chemical adaptations.

The study of the metabolomic diversity of 93 strains ofLimnospirafrom the Paris Museum Collection, grown under standardized lab culture conditions, showed clearly distinct chemical fingerprints that were correlated with the respective biogeographic origins of the strains. The molecules that most distinguish the differentLimnospirageographic groups are sugars, lipids, peptides, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant molecules. Interestingly, these molecule enrichments might represent adaptation traits to the local conditions encountered in their respective sampling environments concerning salinity, light and oxidative stress. We hypothesize that within extreme environments, such as those colonized byLimnospira, a large set of flexible genes can provide remarkable adaptation to specific local environmental conditions (e.g.,salinity, light, and oxidative pressure). Thus, the occurrence withinLimnospirapopulation genomes of a specific set of flexible genes potentially involved in the production of certain metabolites may provide valuable adaptative traits that may support the bloom persistence beyond environmental condition variations.

Importance

Limnospiraare ubiquitous cyanobacteria able to colonize and dominate a wide range of alkaline-saline environments around the world according to remarkable adaptative strategies. Phylogenomic analysis ofLimnospira platensisallowed to distinguish two major phylogenetic clades (I and II) but failed to clearly segregate strains following their habitats in terms of salinity or biogeography. One can presume that the genes found within this variable portion of the genome of these clades could be involved inL. platensisadaptation to local environmental conditions. In the present paper, we attempt to determine whetherLimnospira platensisdisplays metabolic signatures specific to its different habitats, particularly brackish or alkalinesaline ecosystems, and question the impact of accessory gene repertoire on respective chemical adaptation.
Plant G x Microbial E: Plant genotype interaction with soil bacterial community shapes rhizosphere composition during invasion
Authors: Berlow Mae , Mesa Miles , Creek Mikayla , Duarte Jesse , Carpenter Elizabeth , Phinizy Brandon , Andonian Krikor , Dlugosch Katrina M
Published: April 2024

It is increasingly recognized that different genetic variants can uniquely shape their microbiomes. Invasive species often evolve in their introduced ranges, but little is known about the potential for microbial associations to evolve during invasion as a result. We investigated invader genotype (G) and microbial environment (E) interactions inC. solstitialis(yellow starthistle), a Eurasian plant that is known to have evolved novel genotypes, and to have altered microbial interactions, in its severe invasion of California, USA. We conducted an experiment in which native and invading genotypes were inoculated with native and invaded range soil microbial communities. We used amplicon sequencing to characterize rhizosphere bacteria in both the experiment and the field soils from which they were derived. We found that bacterial diversity is higher in invaded soils, but that invading genotypes accumulated a lower diversity of bacteria and unique microbial composition in experimental inoculations, relative to native genotypes. Associations with potentially beneficial Streptomycetaceae were particularly interesting, as these were more abundant in the invaded range and accumulated on invading genotypes. Thus variation in microbial associations of invaders was driven by the interaction of G and E, and microbial communities appear to change in composition along with host evolution during invasion.
Identification of Glucosidase II that regulates STIM1 activation dynamics
Authors: Du Yangchun , Zheng Sisi , Wang Feifan , Li Jia , Yuan Xiaoman , Xi Chao , Zhou Yandong , Wang Youjun
Published: April 2024

The ubiquitous presence of stromal interaction molecule (STIM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+sensors, plays a crucial role for maintaining Ca2+homeostasis and signaling in mammalian cells by linking ER Ca2+depletion with extracellular Ca2+influx. Although recent advancements have shed light on glycosylation in STIM proteins, further exploration of deglycosylation enzyme modification and its role remains limited by methodological constraints. In this study, leveraging the miniTurbo-driven proximal biotinylation labeling method, we were able to screen for weak and transiently binding protein molecules within specific environments like ER lumina. Herein, we unveil glucosidase II, comprising GANAB and PRKCSH, as a novel partner of the STIM1 complex. Through investigations into Glucosidase II’s (Glu II) regulation of STIM1’s Ca2+affinities bothin celluloandin situ, alongside its impact on store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE), we propose a novel mechanism wherein Glu II governs STIM1 activation by modulating Ca2+binding affinity, thereby adjusting the level of activated STIM1 in response to physiological stimulation.
Conserved Function of Drg GTPases in Promoting Protein Synthesis in Stalled Ribosomes
Authors: Hawk Christopher W. , Jin Hong
Published: April 2024

Maintaining proper protein homeostasis is essential for cell physiology. The ribosome and GTPases, which are two of the most ancient and critical cellular molecules, are central players in protein synthesis and its regulation. Here we report the discovery of a new general translation factor that targets stalled ribosomes and promotes protein synthesis in an evolutionarily conserved manner. We show that the essential bacterial Obg GTPases are distant homologs of eukaryotic and archaeal Drg proteins and serve critical roles in promoting efficient protein translation in stalled ribosomes. Throughin vivocharacterization, including cross-species complementation of cells where ribosomes are induced to stall by addition of either the antibiotic anisomycin or exogenous mRNA harboring a long poly(A) sequence, we demonstrate that a conserved function of Drg proteins is to alleviate ribosomal stalling during translation. Our data show that bacterial Obg rescues stalled ribosomes in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells lacking endogenous Drgs, as does supplementation of the respective endogenous Drg proteins from yeast and human cells. Furthermore, the presence of ObgE and GTP stimulates peptidyl transfer, the key catalytic function of the ribosome, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism of this GTPase to enhance translation in stalled ribosomes. This discovery shows that the Drg protein is a new general translation factor that directly affords cells from the three domains of life a new form of translation regulation.
Plant Accessible Tissue Clearing Solvent System (PATCSOS) for 3-D Imaging of Whole Plants
Authors: Zhang Hantao , Zhu Lei , Zhao Hu , Li Zhen
Published: April 2024

Tissue clearing is a technique to make the inner structure of opaque tissue visible to achieve 3-dimensional (3-D) tissue imaging by unifying the refractive indexes of most of the cell components. Tissue clearing is widely used in animal tissue imaging, where whole body 3-D imaging has been realized. However, it has not been widely used in plant research. Most plant tissue clearing protocols have their disadvantages, including low efficiency, not being fluorescence-friendly and poor transparency on tissues with a high degree of lignification. In this work, we developed a new plant tissue clearing method for whole plant imaging, named Plant Accessible Tissue Clearing Solvent System (PATCSOS), which was based on the Polyethylene Glycol-associated Solvent System (PEGASOS). The PATCSOS method realized extensive transparency of plant tissues, including the flower, leaf, stem, root, and seed of Arabidopsis thaliana, with high efficiency. The PATCSOS method consists of four main steps: fixation, decolorization/delipidation, dehydration, and clearing. Subsequently a rapid and efficient clearing of mature plant tissue can be achieved. With PATCSOS, we can image Arabidopsis seedling in their entirety in 3-D using endogenous cellulose autofluorescence. What’s more, the PATCSOS method is compatible with fluorescence protein imaging and GUS staining, which greatly expands the applicability of this method. We also imaged intactNicotiana benthamianaleaf andZea maysembryos. Our results showed that the PATCSOS clearing method is an excellent tool to study plant development and cell biology.
Ribosomal, Satellite III (1q12) and Telomere Repeat Copy Number Variations in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Used as a Model of Permanent Stress and Survivability
Authors: Ershova E.S. , Kondratyeva E.I. , Porokhovnik L.N. , Voronkova A.Y. , Melyanovskaya Yu. L. , Krasovsky S.A. , Veiko R.V. , Zhekaite E.K. , Starinova M.A. , Veiko N.N. , Kostyuk S.V.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Ribosomal (rDNA), satellite III (f-SatIII) and telomere (TR) tandem repeats perform a variety of functions in the human cell. Copy number variations (CNVs) of these repeats contributes to the global chromatin architecture and genome expression changes in response to stress or pathology. An elevated rDNA abundance and lowered contents of f-SatIII and TR were found in blood leukocytes of patients with schizophrenia. The main question of the study was: are the CNVs of the three repeat types in blood leukocytes a universal phenomenon linked to a patho4logy associated with chronic oxidative stress? Cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenic disease was chosen as an object of the study.

Materials and Methods

We determined the rDNA, f-SatIII and TR content in the blood leukocyte genomes of 545 subjects aged 0.2 to 50 years. The subjects were divided into three groups: Control (HC-group, N = 267), CF group (N= 186) and CF(d) group (severe patients, who died after some time upon sampling, aged 17 to 40 years, N = 92). For each patient, the type of the mutation inCFTRgene had been determined earlier. Non-radioactive quantitative hybridization technique was applied to quantify the repeats.

Results

the rDNA abundance was elevated in the DNA of CF and CF(d) groups (565±105 copies per genome, N=278) compared to HC group (445±112 copies, N=267). A patient’s age 3 to 16 years was associated with “severe” mutations inCFTR(98% of cases), increased f-SatIII repeat counts and decreased telomere repeat (TR) contents in genome DNA compared to the age-matched controls. The genomes of deceased patients from CF(d) group also harbored increased numbers of f-SatIII and decreased numbers of TR. Patients above 16 years with a milder course of the disease and relatively low content of “severe”CFTRmutations contained less f-SatIII and more TR in their genomic DNA. A parameterrDNA·(f-SatIII/TR)showed a maximum difference between patients with relatively mild (age 17 to 40) and severe (age 17 to 40) forms of the pathology according to ROC analysis data (AUC = 0.86).

Conclusion

Cystic fibrosis was associated with an increase in rDNA abundance and altered f-SatIII and TR contents in the DNA of cases compared to the controls. The severe course of the disease was characterized with high f-SatIII contents and shortened telomeres. Whereas mild CF cases were associated with low contents of f-SatIII and normal or slightly reduced telomere length. The indexrDNA· (f-SatIII/TR)might be a predictor of the patient’s life expectancy.
CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen informs efficient reduction of theKomagataella phaffiisecretome
Authors: Dalvie Neil C. , Lorgeree Timothy R. , Yang Yuchen , Rodriguez-Aponte Sergio A. , Whittaker Charles A. , Hinckley Joshua A. , Clark John J. , Del Rosario Amanda M. , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher
Published: April 2024

The yeastKomagataella phaffiiis widely used for manufacturing recombinant proteins, but secreted titers of recombinant proteins could be improved by genetic engineering. In this study, we hypothesized that cellular resources could be redirected from production of endogenous proteins to production of recombinant proteins be deletion of unneeded endogenous proteins. We identified a set of endogenous secreted proteins inK. phaffiiand attempted to disrupt these genes, but our efforts were hindered by limited annotation of genes, especially essential ones—this is a common problem for genetic engineering of non-model organisms. To predict essential genes, therefore, we designed, transformed, and sequenced a pooled library of guide RNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of all endogenous secreted proteins. We then used predicted gene essentiality to guide iterative disruptions of up to 11 non-essential genes. Engineered strains exhibited a ∼20x increase in the production of human serum albumin and a twofold increase in the production of a monoclonal antibody. The pooled library of secretome-targeted guides for CRISPR-Cas9 and knowledge of gene essentiality reported here will facilitate future efforts to engineerK. phaffiifor production of other recombinant proteins and enzymes.
Spectrum of
S
- and
P
-wave
ccq¯q¯′

(q¯,q¯′=u¯,d¯,s¯)
systems in a chiral SU(3) quark model
Authors: Wang Du , Song Ke-Rang , Wang Wen-Ling , Huang Fei
Published: April 2024

Inspired by the resonance Tcc+(3875) recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration, we systematically explore the S- and P-wave ccq¯q¯′ (q¯,q¯′=u¯,d¯,s¯) systems in a chiral SU(3) quark model. The Hamiltonian contains the kinetic energy, the one-gluon-exchange (OGE) potential, the confinement potential, and the one-boson-exchange (OBE) potential stemming from the coupling of quark and chiral fields. The Schrödinger equation is solved by use of the variational method with the spacial trial wave functions chosen as Gaussian functions. It is found that the lowest state has a mass 3879 MeV, isospin and spin-parity IJP=01+, and quark constituent ccu¯d¯, in agreement with the experimentally observed Tcc+(3875). This state is approximately at the calculated DD* threshold and has a root-mean-square radius of about 0.48 fm. These demonstrate that the Tcc+(3875) can be accommodated as a stable and compact tetraquark sate in the chiral SU(3) quark model. All the other S- and P-wave ccq¯q¯′ (q¯,q¯′=u¯,d¯,s¯) states lie about 100 to a few hundreds MeV higher than the corresponding meson-meson thresholds and thus are not suggested to be candidates of stable and compact tetraquark states due to their fall-apart decays to two mesons.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of shell model interactions on nuclear responses to WIMP elastic scattering
Authors: Abdel Khaleq R. , Busoni G. , Simenel C. , Stuchbery A. E.
Published: April 2024

Nuclear recoil from scattering with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) is a signature searched for in direct detection of dark matter. The underlying WIMP-nucleon interactions could be spin and/or orbital angular momentum (in)dependent. Evaluation of nuclear recoil rates through these interactions requires accounting for nuclear structure, e.g., through shell model calculations. We evaluate nuclear response functions induced by these interactions for F19, Na23, Si28,29,30, Ar40, Ge70,72,73,74,76, I127, and Xe128,129,130,131,132,134,136 nuclei that are relevant to current direct detection experiments, and estimate their sensitivity to shell model interactions. Shell model calculations are performed with the NuShellX solver. Nuclear response functions from nonrelativistic effective field theory are evaluated and integrated over transferred momentum for quantitative comparisons. We show that although the standard spin-independent response is barely sensitive to the structure of the nuclei, large variations with the shell model interaction are often observed for the other channels. Significant uncertainties may arise from the nuclear components of WIMP-nucleus scattering amplitudes due to nuclear structure theory and modeling. These uncertainties should be accounted for in analyses of direct detection experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Electron
g−2
foreshadowing discoveries at FCC-ee
Authors: Davoudiasl Hooman , Giardino Pier Paolo
Published: April 2024

A future e+e− circular collider (FCC-ee) may provide a unique probe of the electron Yukawa coupling through Higgs boson production on resonance. Motivated by this exciting possibility, we examine a simple model which can result in O(10) modifications of the Higgs coupling to electrons. The model can also lead to deviations in the electron anomalous magnetic moment, ge−2, which at present shows a +2.2σ or −3.7σ deviation, implied by differing precision determinations of the electromagnetic fine structure constant. The electron ge−2 can be a forerunner for FCC-ee discoveries which, as we elucidate, may not be accessible to the high-luminosity LHC measurements. A simple extension of our model can also account for the current deviation in the muon

g

μ

−

2

.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Hadronic vacuum polarization: Comparing lattice QCD and data-driven results in systematically improvable ways
Authors: Davier Michel , Fodor Zoltán , Gérardin Antoine , Lellouch Laurent , Malaescu Bogdan , Stokes Finn M. , Szabó Kálmán K. , Toth Balint C. , Varnhorst Lukas , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: April 2024

The precision with which hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) is obtained determines how accurately important observables, such as the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ or the low-energy running of the electromagnetic coupling α, are predicted. The two most precise approaches for determining HVP are dispersive relations combined with e+e−→hadrons cross section data and lattice QCD. However, the results obtained in these two approaches display significant tensions, whose origins are not understood. Here we present a framework that sheds light on this issue and—if the two approaches can be reconciled—allows them to be combined. Via this framework, we test the hypothesis that the tensions can be explained by modifying the R-ratio in different intervals of center-of-mass energy s. As ingredients, we consider observables that have been precisely determined in both approaches. These are the leading hadronic contributions to aμ, to the so-called intermediate window observable, and to the running of α between spacelike virtualities 1 and 10  GeV2 (for which only a preliminary lattice result exists). Our tests take into account all uncertainties and correlations, as well as uncertainties on uncertainties in the lattice results. For instance, using this framework we show that results obtained in the two approaches can be made to agree, for all three observables, by modifying the

ρ

peak in the experimental spectrum. More specifically, we show that this requires a common ∼5% increase in the contributions of the peak to each of the three observables. This result is robust against the presence or absence of the running of α in the comparison. However, such an increase is much larger than the uncertainties on the measured R-ratio. We also discuss a variety of generalizations of the methods used here, as well as the limits in the information that can be extracted from the R-ratio via a finite set of observables.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Asymptotic behavior of the Fourier coefficients and the analytic structure of the QCD equation of state
Authors: Bryant Miles , Schmidt Christian , Skokov Vladimir V.
Published: April 2024

In this paper we study the universal properties of the baryon chemical potential Fourier coefficients in quantum chromodynamics. We show that by following a well-defined strategy, the Fourier coefficients can be used to locate Yang-Lee edge singularities associated with chiral phase transition (and by extension with the Roberge-Weiss) in the complex chemical potential plane. We comment on the viability of performing this analysis using lattice QCD data.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Horizon as a natural boundary
Authors: Mao Qi-Yuan , Ma Liang , Lü H.
Published: April 2024

We consider Einstein gravity extended with Riemann-squared term and construct the leading-order perturbative solution to the rotating black hole with all equal angular momenta in D=7. We find that in the extremal limit, the linear perturbation involves irrational powers in the near-horizon expansion. We argue that, despite that all curvature tensor invariants are regular on the horizon, the irrational power implies that the inside of the horizon is destroyed and the horizon becomes the natural boundary of the spacetime. We demonstrate that this vulnerability of the horizon regularity is an innate part of Einstein theory, and can arise in Einstein theory with minimally coupled matter. However, in fine-tuned theories such as supergravities, the black hole inside is preserved, which may be one of the criteria for a consistent theory of quantum gravity. We also show that the vulnerability occurs in general higher dimensions, which only a few sporadically distributed dimensions can evade.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Correlation function of flavored fermion in holographic QCD
Authors: Li Si-wen , Zhang Yi-peng , Li Hao-qian
Published: April 2024

By using the gauge-gravity duality, we investigate the correlation function of flavored fermion in the Dp/Dp+4 model as top-down approaches of holographic QCD for p=4,3. The bulk spinor, as the source of the flavored fermion in QCD, is identified to the worldvolume fermion on the flavor Dp+4-branes and the standard form of its action can be therefore obtained by the T-duality rules in string theory. Keeping this in hand, we afterwards generalize the prescription for two-point correlation function in the AdS/CFT dictionary into general D-brane backgrounds and apply it to the case of p=4,3, i.e., the D4/D8 and D3/D7 approaches, respectively. Resultantly, our numerical calculation with the bubble background always displays discrete peaks in the correlation functions which imply the bound states created by the flavored fermions as the confinement in QCD. With the black brane background, the on-shell condition illustrated by the correlation function covers basically the dispersion curves of fermion obtained by the hard thermal loop approximation in the hot medium. Finally, we interpret the flavored fermions in the bubble background as baryons by taking into account a baryon vertex, then find the two-point correlation function is able to fit the lowest baryon spectrum. In this sense, we conclude remarkably that our top-down approach in this work could reveal the fundamental properties of QCD both in the confined and deconfined phases.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Neutral pion masses within a hot and magnetized medium in a lattice-improved soft-wall
AdS/QCD
model
Authors: Wen Nanxiang , Cao Xuanmin , Chao Jingyi , Liu Hui
Published: April 2024

We investigate chiral phase transitions and the screening masses, pole masses, and thermal widths of neutral pion mesons with finite temperature T and magnetic field B in a lattice-improved AdS/QCD model, which is constructed by fitting the lattice results of the pseudocritical temperatures Tpc(B). Specifically, we find that the chiral condensate σ undergoes a crossover phase transition demonstrating distinct magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis effects in very low- and high-temperature regions with fixed finite B, respectively. For the screening masses, we find that the longitudinal component decreases with B at very low and high temperatures and increases with B near Tpc. The transverse component always increases with B at fixed T. However, both the longitudinal and transverse screening masses increase with T at fixed B. Furthermore, we find that the pole mass decreases with the increase of B or T. It is interesting to note that the thermal width shows similar behavior to the longitudinal screening masses in the very-high-temperature region.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Three-stage thermalization of a quasi-integrable system
Authors: Biagetti Leonardo , Cecile Guillaume , De Nardis Jacopo
Published: April 2024

We consider a system of classical hard rods or billiard balls in one dimension, initially prepared in a Bragg-pulse state at a given temperature and subjected to external periodic fields. We show that at late times the system thermalizes in the thermodynamic limit via a three-stages process characterized by: an early phase where the dynamics is well described by Euler hydrodynamics, a subsequent phase where a (weak) turbulent phase is observed and where hydrodynamic gradient expansion can be broken, and a final one where the gas thermalizes according to viscous hydrodynamics. As the hard rod gas shares the same large-scale hydrodynamics as other quantum and classical integrable systems, we expect these features to universally characterize all many-body integrable systems in generic external potentials.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Optimal probe states for single-mode quantum target detection in arbitrary object reflectivity
Authors: Chen Wei-Ming , Tsai Pin-Ju
Published: April 2024

Quantum target detection (QTD) utilizes nonclassical resources to enable radar-like detection for identifying reflecting objects in lossy and noisy environments, surpassing the detection performance achieved by classical methods. To fully exploit the quantum advantage in QTD, determining the optimal probe states (OPSs) across various detection parameters and gaining a deeper understanding of their characteristics are crucial. In this study, we employ optimization algorithms to identify the single-mode continuous-variable OPSs for entire range of target reflectivity. Our findings suggest that OPSs are non-Gaussian states in most reflectivity scenarios, with exceptions under specific conditions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive physical interpretation of the observed phenomena. This study offers a tool for identifying OPSs along with a clear physical interpretation. It also contributes to further advancements towards optimal multi-mode QTD, which holds the potential for broad applications in quantum sensing and metrology.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Structural and functional characterization of FabG4 from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
Authors: Ran Xinping , Parikh Prashit , Abendroth Jan , Arakaki Tracy L. , Clifton Matthew C. , Edwards Thomas E. , Lorimer Donald D. , Mayclin Stephen , Staker Bart L. , Myler Peter , McLaughlin Krystle J.
Published: April 2024

The rise in antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis and necessitates the development of novel strategies to treat infections. For example, in 2022 tuberculosis (TB) was the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19, with multi-drug-resistant strains of TB having an ∼40% fatality rate. Targeting essential biosynthetic pathways in pathogens has proven to be successful for the development of novel antimicrobial treatments. Fatty-acid synthesis (FAS) in bacteria proceeds via the type II pathway, which is substantially different from the type I pathway utilized in animals. This makes bacterial fatty-acid biosynthesis (Fab) enzymes appealing as drug targets. FabG is an essential FASII enzyme, and some bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, harbor multiple homologs. FabG4 is a conserved, high-molecular-weight FabG (HMwFabG) that was first identified in M. tuberculosis and is distinct from the canonical low-molecular-weight FabG. Here, structural and functional analyses of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis FabG4, the third HMwFabG studied to date, are reported. Crystal structures of NAD+ and apo MsFabG4, along with kinetic analyses, show that MsFabG4 preferentially binds and uses NADH when reducing CoA substrates. As M. smegmatis is often used as a model organism for M. tuberculosis, these studies may aid the development of drugs to treat TB and add to the growing body of research that distinguish HMwFabGs from the archetypal low-molecular-weight FabG.
Effect of brazing and artificial aging on the corrosion and strengthening behavior of a quad-layer Al alloy composite
Authors: Zhou Dejing , Xia Yanming , Gao Zhiming , Hu Wenbin
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence mechanism of brazing and aging on the strengthening and corrosion behavior of novel multilayer sheets (AA4045/AA7072/AA3003M/AA4045).

Design/methodology/approach

Polarization curve tests, immersion experiments and transmission electron microscopy analysis were used to study the corrosion behavior and tensile properties of the sheets before and after brazing and aging.

Findings

The strength of the sheet is weakened after brazing due to brittle eutectic phases, and recovered after aging due to enhanced precipitation strengthening in the AA7072 interlayer. The core of nonbrazed sheets cannot be protected due to the significant galvanic coupling effect between the intermetallic particles and the substrate. Brazing and aging treatments promote the redissolved of second phased and limit corrosion along the eutectic region in the clad, allowing the core to be protected.

Originality/value

AA7xxx alloy was added to conventional brazed sheets to form a novel Al alloy composite sheet with AA4xxx/AA7xxx/AA3xxx structure. The strengthening and corrosion mechanism of the sheet was proposed. The added interlayer can sacrificially protect the core from corrosion and improves strength after aging treatment.
Numerical simulation of postlaunching behaviors for a “balloon-borne UAV system”
Authors: Zhang Hangyue , Yang Yanchu , Cai Rong
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present numerical simulations for a series of flight processes for the postlaunching stage of the “balloon-borne UAV system.” It includes the balloon further ascent motion after airborne launching. In terms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the tailspin state and the charge-out process with an anti-tailspin parachute-assisted suspending are analyzed. Then, the authors conduct trajectory optimization simulations for the long-distance gliding process.

Design/methodology/approach

The balloon kinematics model and the parachute Kane multibody dynamic model are established. Using steady-state tailspin to reduced-order analysis and achieving change-out simulation by parachute suspension dynamic model. A reentry optimization control problem is developed and the Radau pseudo-spectral method is used to calculate the glide trajectory.

Findings

The established dynamic model and trajectory optimization method can effectively simulate the motion process of balloons and UAVs. The system mass reduction for launching UAVs will not cause damage to the balloon structure. The anti-tailspin parachute can reduce the UAV attack angles effectively. The UAV can glide to the designated target position by adjusting the attack angle and sideslip angle. The farthest flight distance after launching from 20 km height is 94 km and the gliding time is 40 min, which demonstrates the potential application advantage of high-altitude launching.

Practical implications

The research content and related conclusions of this article achieve a closed-loop analysis of the flight mission chain for the “balloon-borne UAV system,” which provides simulation references for relevant balloon launching experiments.

Originality/value

This paper establishes a complete set of numerical simulation models and can effectively analyze various postlaunching behaviors.
Is trauma research neglecting neurodiverse populations? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence ACEs in adults with autistic traits
Authors: Webb Elanor , Lupattelli Gencarelli Benedetta , Keaveney Grace , Morris Deborah
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The prevalence of exposure to adversity is elevated in autistic populations, compared to neurotypical peers. Despite this, the frequency and nature of early adverse experiences are not well understood in autistic adults, with several underlying methodological limitations in the available literature. The purpose of this study is to systematically synthesise and analyse the prevalence of childhood adversity in this marginalised population, in accordance with the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) framework.

Design/methodology/approach

Peer-reviewed empirical research articles were systematically searched for from electronic databases and screened against established inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence rates for individual ACE types were calculated.

Findings

Four papers were included (N = 732), all of which used a predominantly or exclusively female sample. Only sexual abuse was reported in all papers, with a pooled prevalence rate of 38%. Physical abuse and emotional abuse were less frequently explored, with two papers reporting on these ACEs, though obtained comparable and higher pooled prevalence rates (39% and 49%, respectively). Pooled prevalence rates could be calculated for neither neglect nor “household” ACEs because of insufficient data. The limited state of the evidence, in conjunction with high levels of heterogeneity and poor sample representativeness found, positions the ACEs of autistic adults as a critical research priority.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to systematically synthesise the prevalence of early childhood adversities, as conceptualised in accordance with the ACEs framework, in adults with autistic traits.
Powerball: Somebody's Gotta Win!
Authors: Yemen Gerry , Baucells Manel
Published: April 2024

The case evolves around the Powerball lottery and the rule changes implemented in 2015, which, among other things, changed the chances of winning the jackpot from 1 in 175 million to 1 in 292 million. What is the impact of such rules on lottery revenues? The expected value rule is unable to explain why people play in the first place and fails to give the appropriate weight to the factors that explain the attractiveness of a lottery. This case is ideal to introduce the notion of decision weights as put forward by Kahneman and Tversky's prospect theory. By calculating decision weights, we obtain a reasonable prediction for the willingness to pay for the lottery as a function of different jackpot amounts. Using past data, we can correlate lottery revenues with predicted willingness to pay for a ticket. Quantitative-inclined audiences can then develop a simulation model of how likely it is that the jackpot grows, which, coupled with the prediction of revenues as a function of the jackpot, would give the evolution of the revenues under the new rule. The accompanying spreadsheet provides data for students to work out various scenarios to narrow objectives and maximize revenue from Powerball tickets.
Intersectionality as a conceptual lens for advancing diversity, equity and inclusion in international business studies: newer developments from critical cross-cultural management studies and their insights for the business case
Authors: Primecz Henriett , Mahadevan Jasmin
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Using intersectionality and introducing newer developments from critical cross-cultural management studies, this paper aims to discuss how diversity is applicable to changing cultural contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is a conceptual paper built upon relevant empirical research findings from critical cross-cultural management studies.

Findings

By applying intersectionality as a conceptual lens, this paper underscores the practical and conceptual limitations of the business case for diversity, in particular in a culturally diverse international business (IB) setting. Introducing newer developments from critical cross-cultural management studies, the authors identify the need to investigate and manage diversity across distinct categories, and as intersecting with culture, context and power.

Research limitations/implications

This paper builds on previous empirical research in critical cross-cultural management studies using intersectionality as a conceptual lens and draws implications for diversity management in an IB setting from there. The authors add to the critique of the business case by showing its failures of identifying and, consequently, managing diversity, equality/equity and inclusion (DEI) in IB settings.

Practical implications

Organizations (e.g. MNEs) are enabled to clearly see the limitations of the business case and provided with a conceptual lens for addressing DEI issues in a more contextualized and intersectional manner.

Originality/value

This paper introduces intersectionality, as discussed and applied in critical cross-cultural management studies, as a conceptual lens for outlining the limitations of the business case for diversity and for promoting DEI in an IB setting in more complicated, realistic and relevant ways.
Determinants of innovation performance: influence of knowledge-oriented leadership, knowledge sharing and organizational justice
Authors: Than Son Thanh , Le Phong Ba , Thanh Ha Cong , Nguyen Dung Thi Nguyet
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Due to the vital role of innovation for firms to respond to the change and achieve competitive advantage, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of knowledge-oriented leadership (KOL) on innovation performance via the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS). This study also explores the moderating role of organizational justice in the relationship between KS and innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis of moment structures and structural equation modeling are applied to examine the relationship among the latent factors in the proposed research model using data collected from 335 participants in 121 manufacturing and service firms in Vietnam.

Findings

The findings revealed that KOL serves as a key precursor to foster innovation performance directly or indirectly through active and passive KS behaviors. In addition, the paper highlights the moderating role of organizational justice in strengthening the impact of KS activities on innovation performance.

Research limitations/implications

By highlighting the important role of KOL for stimulating KS behaviors, this paper provides a valuable understanding and novel approach for firms to improve innovation performance. The research findings support the idea that building a climate of justice is crucial to enhance the effects of KS on innovation performance.

Originality/value

This study contributes to bridging the research gaps in the literature and advances the insights of how KOL directly and indirectly stimulates innovation performance via mediating roles of active and passive KS processes under the climate of justice.
Changing policy, changing plans: responses to the end of fee-free education
Authors: Kent Anna
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ending of fee-free higher education in Australia for overseas students in the 1980s, and the ways in which the government managed the diplomatic relationships that were affected by this policy shift. The introduction of fee-free higher education in Australia in 1974 was incredibly popular, and the end of the program in the late 1980s created difficulties for individuals, families and diplomatic relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mix of secondary sources and archival documents, this paper has a historiographical element, and an element of analysis.

Findings

This research finds that the ending of fee-free education created significant diplomatic issues with a number of Australia’s regional neighbours. It also created issues for individual students and families. The solution to these problems was, in large part, a scholarship scheme called the Equity and Merit Scholarship Scheme (EMSS). The EMSS was designed, in part, to address the issues created by the end of the fee-free program. However, the design of the scholarship scheme also created its own diplomatic issues with a different cohort of nation states.

Originality/value

There is limited scholarly research into the history of international education policy in Australia. This research draws on the work of some scholars of international scholarships, as well as historians of universities and education more broadly. This research adds to a growing body of work in the field of Australian international education history.
The economic-based earnings persistence of earnings momentum and its market implications
Authors: Supattarakul Somchai , Rueangsuwan Sarayut
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Prior research on meeting or beating earnings thresholds documents that firms with earnings momentum are awarded with valuation premiums. However, it is unclear from this strand of literature why this is the case. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of time-varying earnings persistence on earnings momentum and their pricing effects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study exploits a firm that reports earnings momentum as research setting to examine whether earnings persistence is significantly higher for firms with consecutive earnings increases. In addition, it investigates a relation between earnings momentum and fundamentals-driven earnings persistence and estimates return associations of earnings momentum conditional on economic-based persistence of earnings.

Findings

The empirical evidence suggests that firms with earnings momentum reflect higher time-varying earnings persistence. It further reveals that longer duration of earnings momentum is associated with higher fundamentals-driven earnings persistence. More importantly, valuation premiums are exclusively assigned to earnings momentum determined by strong firm fundamentals, not momentum itself.

Originality/value

This study provides new empirical evidence that valuation premiums accrued to firms with earnings momentum are conditional on time-varying earnings persistence. The research implications are relevant to investors, regulators and auditors, as the results bring conclusions that earnings momentum reflects successful business models not poor accounting quality. This leads to a more complete view of earnings momentum and helps allocate resources when evaluating earnings-momentum firms.
Multibody dynamics modeling and simulation of a three-wheeled mobile robot using a robotic approach
Authors: Khadr Aymen
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This paper focuses on the application of a robotic technique for modeling a three-wheeled mobile robot (WMR), considering it as a multibody polyarticulated system. Then the dynamic behavior of the developed model is verified using a physical model obtained by Simscape Multibody.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, a geometric model is developed using the modified Denavit–Hartenberg method. Then the dynamic model is derived using the algorithm of Newton–Euler. The developed model is performed for a three-wheeled differentially driven robot, which incorporates the slippage of wheels by including the Kiencke tire model to take into account the interaction of wheels with the ground. For the physical model, the mobile robot is designed using Solidworks. Then it is exported to Matlab using Simscape Multibody. The control of the WMR for both models is realized using Matlab/Simulink and aims to ensure efficient tracking of the desired trajectory.

Findings

Simulation results show a good similarity between the two models and verify both longitudinal and lateral behaviors of the WMR. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed model using the robotic approach and proves that it is sufficiently precise for the design of control schemes.

Originality/value

The motivation to adopt this robotic approach compared to conventional methods is the fact that it makes it possible to obtain models with a reduced number of operations. Furthermore, it allows the facility of implementation by numerical or symbolical programming. This work serves as a reference link for extending this methodology to other types of mobile robots.
Bridging versus buffering: how IT capabilities and dependence advantage shape responses to supply chain disruptions?
Authors: Liu Hua , Wei Shaobo
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Drawing upon resource dependence theory, this study aims to examine how a firm’s information technology (IT) capabilities (i.e. IT integration and IT reconfiguration) influence its responses to disruptions – bridging with a current supplier and buffering with an alternative supplier. We further examine how such relationships are moderated by the firm–supplier relative dependence (i.e. firm dependence advantage and supplier dependence advantage).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on data from 141 match-paired surveys of firms in China, we test our model.

Findings

Our study finds that IT integration positively influences bridging and IT reconfiguration positively influences buffering. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the positive impact of IT integration on bridging is negatively influenced by the firm’s dependence (FD) advantage but positively moderated by the supplier’s dependence advantage. By contrast, the positive impact of IT reconfiguration on buffering is negatively influenced by the FD advantage.

Originality/value

Our study provides a more nuanced insight into the effects of IT capabilities on disruption responses and a better understanding of the buyer–supplier dependence boundary conditions under which these effects vary.
Personal cultural heritage management: a conceptual framework for constructing and curating cultural identities through personal collections
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Alon Lilach
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This theoretical paper introduces a conceptual framework for Personal Cultural Heritage Management (PCHM), derived from prior research on migrants' information practices. It elaborates on the literature background and the development of the PCHM framework, highlighting the role of personal information management (PIM) and personal collections in the creation, access and utilization of cultural heritage information.

Design/methodology/approach

The study describes and explains the construction of the PCHM framework as a structured and self-motivated approach to personal heritage and identity learning.

Findings

Following the theoretical background and assumptions, along with the presentation of the key building blocks, the paper describes the key components of the framework, outlines their definitions and provides examples.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, PCHM extends the current literature by encapsulating processes and actions employed by individuals to manage personal collections for cultural identity purposes, thereby underscoring the critical role personal collections play in both preserving and communicating cultural heritage.

Practical implications

PCHM can guide the development of support systems and policies to enhance cultural continuity and integration, thus empowering individuals to navigate their cultural identities confidently.

Originality/value

The PCHM framework creates a unique intersection between PIM and cultural heritage, providing a new perspective for understanding the dynamic evolution and formation of cultural identity among migrants.