bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmark Dose of Melamine Exposure for a Renal Injury Marker Mediated by Oxidative Stress: Examples in Patients with Urolithiasis and Occupational Workers
Authors: Chen Chu-Chih , Liu Chia-Chu , Wang Yin-Han , Wu Chia-Fang , Tsai Yi-Chun , Li Sih-Syuan , Hsieh Tusty-Jiuan , Wu Ming-Tsang
Published: August 2024

Establishing a safe exposure level from epidemiological studies while providing direct hazard characterization in humans often faces uncertainty in causality, especially cross-sectional data. With advances in molecular epidemiology, it is reasonable to integrate identified intermediate biomarkers into health risk assessment. In this study, by considering the mediation of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), we explored the exposure threshold of melamine on the early renal injury marker N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (NAG). The benchmark dose (BMD) was derived from model averaging of the composite direct effect of melamine exposure and the indirect effect through the mediation of MDA on NAG levels. As illustrative examples, we analyzed 309 adult patients with calcium urolithiasis and 80 occupational workers for the corresponding exposure thresholds. The derived threshold was subpopulation-dependent, with the one-sided lower bound BMDL10 for the patients with urolithiasis with (without) the mediator MDA for the patients with kidney stones and the occupational workers being 0.88 (0.96) μg/kg_bw/day and 22.82 (18.09) μg/kg_bw/day, respectively. The derived threshold levels, considering the oxidative stress marker MDA, were consistent with those without adjusting for the mediation effect. However, the study outcomes were further supported by the suggested mechanism pathway. The threshold for the patients with urolithiasis was up to two orders lower than the current tolerable daily intake level of 200 μg/kg_bw/day recommended by the WHO (EFSA).
An Overview of the Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Six French-Speaking African Countries from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Badoum Gisèle , Ouédraogo Abdoul R. , Fiogbé Attannon A. , Kuate Kuate Albert , Soumana Alphazazi , Diop Yacine Mar , Dogo Mohammed F. , Mbitikon Olivia B. , Combary Adjima , Agodokpessi Gildas , Affolabi Dissou , Bisso Annie , Atimbada Dona R. , Menon Sonia , Koura Kobto G.
Published: August 2024

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. The prevalence and management of DR-TB in African countries require comprehensive strategies to improve patient outcomes and control the spread of the disease. Aggregated routine data (from 2018 to 2022) on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) were collected from the National TB Programs (NTPs) from all six countries. The diagnostic capacity for MDR-TB was globally insufficient. The system for collecting and transporting samples was sometimes inoperative. A total of 2353 cases of MDR-TB were reported, with 86.4% receiving treatment. The gap between the expected number of MDR-TB cases and the number reported per country varied from 51.5% to 88.0%, depending on the year. Fifty-two extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB cases received treatment regimens over five years, with variations across countries. All patients received free follow-up examinations, nutritional and financial support for travel expenses to the outpatient care and treatment centers. The MDR-TB treatment success rates for all regimens between 2018 and 2021 ranged from 44.4 to 90.9%, varying by country and year. The information system relied on primary tools, reporting tools, and digital solutions. Progress has been made in MDR-TB management; however, challenges persist, necessitating resources to enhance access to rapid molecular screening tests.
Enhancing Road Safety Strategies through Applying Combined Treatments for Different Crash Severity
Authors: Al-Marafi Mohammad Nour , Alhadidi Taqwa I. , Alhawamdeh Mohammad , Jaber Ahmed
Published: August 2024

This research examines the utility of combined crash modification factors (CMFs) in minimizing crash severity at urban roundabouts. Conventional CMFs typically assess the influence of singular interventions on road safety. However, traffic dynamics and the interactions among multiple safety measures necessitate a more comprehensive strategy. This study introduces a novel methodology for developing integrated CMFs that accounts for the interactive effects of multiple safety measures, providing a comprehensive understanding of their collective impact on road safety. The investigation utilized data from 16 urban roundabouts in Amman, Jordan, from 2015 to 2021. Regression models have been employed to develop individual and combined CMFs for various geometric and traffic characteristics, such as entry and exit widths, speed limits, and weaving patterns. Key findings indicate that interventions, such as reducing speed limits, modifying entry and exit widths, and adjusting weaving lengths, significantly improve safety. The analysis identifies hazardous roundabouts and proposes effective single and combined treatments to mitigate crash risks. This study highlights the importance of considering multiple treatments simultaneously to improve the predictive accuracy of safety assessments and supports the development of more effective road safety strategies tailored to specific crash types and severities. The approach demonstrates a significant potential to enhance road safety analysis and decision-making, ultimately contributing to safer road environments.
Depopulation and Residential Dynamics in Teruel (Spain): Sustainable Housing in Rural Areas
Authors: García-Madurga Miguel-Ángel , Esteban-Navarro Miguel-Ángel , Saz-Gil Isabel , Anés-Sanz Sara
Published: August 2024

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of depopulation and residential dynamics in Teruel, a province emblematic of the aging and depopulation issues prevalent in many inland regions of Spain and Europe. Through an in-depth examination utilizing official statistics, academic studies, and reports, this study highlights the demographic structure, historical evolution, and current trends in Teruel. Key patterns of population change and their implications for urban and rural planning are identified. The analysis covers population density, vital balances, and household distribution, with a special focus on the significant role of the foreign population. Additionally, the challenges associated with vacant housing and the management of unused land are discussed, proposing revitalization strategies for the built environment in rural settings through sustainable housing initiatives. This study aims to contribute to the discourse on sustainable development of small cities and rural areas, offering integrated solutions that not only enhance living conditions but also encourage balanced and sustainable growth.
Polysubstance Use and Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Kenya Preparing for Hepatitis C Virus Treatment
Authors: Riback Lindsey R. , Nyakowa Mercy , Lizcano John A. , Zhang Chenshu , Cherutich Peter , Kurth Ann E. , Akiyama Matthew J.
Published: August 2024

Polysubstance use (PSU), injection drug use (IDU), and equipment sharing are associated with bloodborne infection (BBI) transmission risk, particularly Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), yet data on PSU in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. We report on baseline PSU, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) engagement, and motivation to reduce IDU among 95 people who inject drugs (PWID) who accessed needle and syringe programs (NSP) in Nairobi and Coastal Kenya prior to HCV treatment. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the associations between PSU and behaviors that confer HCV transmission and acquisition risks. Most participants (70.5%) reported PSU in the last 30 days, and one-third (35.8%) reported PSU exclusive to just heroin and cannabis use. Common combinations were heroin and cannabis (49.3%), and heroin, cannabis, and bugizi (flunitrazepam) (29.9%). Participants at baseline were receiving MAT (69.5%), already stopped or reduced IDU (30.5%), and were HIV-positive (40%). PSU was significantly associated with IDU (p = 0.008) and the number of times (p = 0.016) and days (p = 0.007) injected in the last 30 days. Participants reported high PSU and equipment sharing, despite high MAT engagement. While co-locating BBI treatment within existing harm reduction services is necessary to promote uptake and curb re-infection, tailored services may be needed to address PSU, particularly in LMICs.
HIV, HCV and HIV-HCV Coinfections in the General Population versus Inmates from Romania
Authors: Sultana Camelia , Falanga Carmine , Chicin Grațiana , Ion Laurențiu , Grancea Camelia , Chiriac Daniela , Iliescu Adriana , Gori Andrea
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological links of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV-HCV coinfections to less studied types of transmission in certain populations. We performed an observational, prospective study on 903 patients aged between 15–87 years who took part in the Open Test Project. They were divided in two subgroups: general population vs. individuals from prisons who were questioned about multiple risk factors. A chi-square independence test was used to establish correlations between risk factors and results of screening tests. Logistic regression was used to calculate the probability of a reactive screening test based on each independent risk factor and age. HIV was very strongly associated with unprotected sexual intercourse with HIV-positive partners (the strongest association), unprotected sexual intercourse with sex workers, newly diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), intravenous drug users (IDUs) and sharing injecting materials. In the case of HCV reactive tests, very strong associations have been established with IDUs (the strongest association), unprotected sex with IDUs and sharing injecting materials. Our study indicates the need for implementing targeted public health programs, tailored to the local epidemiology that can ultimately lead to micro-elimination of hepatitis and HIV infections in this area.
A Review on Canine and Human Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Insights on Prognosis Factors and Treatment Measures
Authors: Dell’Anno Filippo , Giugliano Roberta , Listorti Valeria , Razzuoli Elisabetta
Published: August 2024

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) represent a diverse group of tumors arising from mesenchymal cells, affecting both humans and animals, including dogs. Although STSs represent a class of rare tumors, especially in humans, they pose significant clinical challenges due to their potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Dogs, as a model for human STSs, offer several advantages, including exposure to similar environmental risk factors, genetic diversity among breeds, and the spontaneous development of tumors. Furthermore, canine tumors closely mimic the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumors, making them valuable for research into disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Current treatment approaches for STSs in both dogs and humans primarily involve surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, with treatment decisions based on tumor characteristics and patient factors. However, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is essential, given the high failure rate of new drugs in clinical trials. To better design new tailored treatments, comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is fundamental, since it plays a crucial role in STS initiation and progression by modulating tumor behavior, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing immune responses. Notably, TME features include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that, depending on their polarization state, can affect immune responses and thus the patient’s prognosis. In this review, new therapeutical approaches based on immunotherapy will be deeply explored as potential treatment options for both dogs and humans with STSs. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of STSs in dogs and humans, emphasizing the importance of the TME and potential treatment strategies.
Genomic Sequence of Streptococcus salivarius MDI13 and Latilactobacillus sakei MEI5: Two Promising Probiotic Strains Isolated from European Hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.)
Authors: Díaz-Formoso Lara , Contente Diogo , Feito Javier , Hernández Pablo E. , Borrero Juan , Muñoz-Atienza Estefanía , Cintas Luis M.
Published: August 2024

Frequently, diseases in aquaculture have been fought indiscriminately with the use of antibiotics, which has led to the development and dissemination of (multiple) antibiotic resistances in bacteria. Consequently, it is necessary to look for alternative and complementary approaches to chemotheraphy that are safe for humans, animals, and the environment, such as the use of probiotics in fish farming. The objective of this work was the Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic and functional analyses of S. salivarius MDI13 and L. sakei MEI5, two LAB strains isolated from the gut of commercial European hakes (M. merluccius, L.) caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. The WGS and bioinformatic and functional analyses confirmed the lack of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, the lack of virulence and pathogenicity issues, and their potentially probiotic characteristics. Specifically, genes involved in adhesion and aggregation, vitamin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were detected in both strains. In addition, genes related to lactic acid production, active metabolism, and/or adaptation to stress and adverse conditions in the host gastrointestinal tract were detected in L. sakei MEI5. Moreover, a gene cluster encoding three bacteriocins (SlvV, BlpK, and BlpE) was identified in the genome of S. salivarius MDI13. The in vitro-synthesized bacteriocin BlpK showed antimicrobial activity against the ichthyopathogens Lc. garvieae and S. parauberis. Altogether, our results suggest that S. salivarius MDI13 and L. sakei MEI5 have a strong potential as probiotics to prevent fish diseases in aquaculture as an appropriate alternative/complementary strategy to the use of antibiotics.
Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Dogs and Humans
Authors: Kelly Nadia , Wu Yen-Tse , Johnston Andrea N.
Published: August 2024

Gallbladder neuroendocrine neoplasms (GB NENs) are among the rarest cancers reported in humans and dogs. This review provides a detailed review of the canine GB NEN literature and an interspecies comparison of demographics, clinical pathophysiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic response of GB NENs. The aim of this work is to explore the relevance of dogs as a spontaneous model for human GB NENs.
The Role and Significance of Operational Flood Defense Plans on the Waters Second-Order in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Drobnjak Aleksandar , Ristić Ratko , Dragović Nada
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to present the role and importance of planning documents for flood defense during the development of the Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) in the Republic of Serbia. The scope of the work is the Operational Plans for Flood Defense on Second-Order Waters (OPFDSWs), which are the responsibility of local governments units (LGU). The paper contains an overview analysis of the implementation of the Flood Risk Management Directive (FRMD) in the legal framework of the Republic of Serbia, as well as an analysis of the legislative framework in the field of flood defense. The method of multi-criteria analysis was used for a qualitative assessment of the elements that are part of the OPFDSW. Through the results and discussion of the work, the similarities between the OPFDSW and FRMP were highlighted and explained, which can serve to better understand the importance of quality production of the OPFDSW. In order to harmonize all activities on the territory of LGU, care should be taken that planning documentation for flood protection occupies one of the priority activities in the management of planning acts. The conclusion is that it is necessary to clearly define the rulebook on the methodology for the preparation of the OPFDSW, all in the function of the preparation of the FRMP.
Optimal Coordinated Operation for Hydro–Wind Power System
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Jia Huiyang , Zhang Zhiwang , Lan Tian
Published: August 2024

The intermittent and stochastic characteristics of wind power pose a higher demand on the complementarity of hydropower. Studying the optimal coordinated operation of hydro–wind power systems has become an extremely effective way to create safe and efficient systems. This paper aims to study the optimal coordinated operation of a hybrid power system based on a newly established Simulink model. The analysis of the optimal coordinated operation undergoes two simulation steps, including the optimization of the complementary mode and the optimization of capacity allocation. The method of multiple complementary indicators is adopted to enable the optimization analysis. The results from the complementary analysis show that the hydraulic tracing effect obviously mitigates operational risks and reduces power losses under adverse wind speeds. The results from the analysis of capacity allocation also show that the marginal permeation of installed wind capacity will not exceed 250 MW for a 100 MW hydropower plant under random wind speeds. These simulation results are obtained based on the consideration of some real application scenarios, which help power plants to make the optimal operation plan with a high efficiency of wind energy and high hydro flexibility.
Disinfection Efficacy and Eventual Harmful Effect of Chemical Peracetic Acid (PAA) and Probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens Tested on Isochrisys galbana (var. T-ISO) Cultures
Authors: Casoni Elia , Contis Gloria , Aguiari Leonardo , Mistri Michele , Munari Cristina
Published: August 2024

One of the main threats to aquaculture is represented by microbial pathogens, causing mass mortality episodes in hatcheries, which result in huge economic losses. Among the many disinfection methods applied to reduce this issue, the use of chemicals and beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) seems to be the most efficient. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of two of them: a chemical, peracetic acid (PAA), and a probiotic, Phaeobacter inhibens. Tests were run on microalgae of the species Isochrysis galbana (var T-ISO). For both remedies, the microalgae survival rate and final cell concentration (cell/mL) were monitored. PAA analysis tested six different concentrations of the chemical: 7.5 µg, 10 µg/L, 20 µg/L, 30 µg/L, 40 µg/L, and 60 µg/L. Meanwhile, P. inhibens was tested with a concentration of 104 CFU/mL. Analysis for both the remedies was conducted on a laboratory scale using glass flasks, and on an industrial scale inside photobioreactors (PBRs). Among all the treatments, the one with PAA dosed with a concentration of 60 µg/L gave the best results, as the culture reached a final density of 8.61 × 106 cell/mL. However, none of the remedies involved in the experiment harmed microalgae or their growth. The results match perfectly with the condition requested for the tested remedies: to obtain an optimal breakdown of pathogens without interfering with culture growth. These features make PAA and P. inhibens good candidates for disinfection methods in aquaculture facilities.
Image Influence on Concern about Stormwater Flooding: Exploratory Focus Groups
Authors: Cockerill Kristan , Mohr Tanga
Published: August 2024

Increased urbanization coupled with climate change is increasing the number and intensity of stormwater flooding events. Implementing efforts to successfully manage stormwater flooding depends on understanding how people perceive these events. While images of stormwater flooding abound, how these images influence perceptions about flooding events or management options remains understudied. Our objective is to contribute to the general understanding of how various types of images depicting stormwater runoff and stormwater related flooding influence individual and group interpretations of causes of events, major impacts of those events, and responsibility for managing stormwater related events. To this end, we convened focus groups, gave participants numerous photos of stormwater flooding, asked them to identify which images were most concerning, and to then discuss the specific aspects of the photos that prompted concern. We also tested whether a priming image implicating climate change or development as a cause of stormwater flooding influenced viewer reactions. Finally, we asked participants about preferences for who should manage stormwater. Our results revealed that photo location, the water’s appearance, and what people were doing in the photo influenced levels of concern. We also found that priming seems to affect opinions regarding urban stormwater management. Finally, there is some evidence that the absence of people in the photo may affect beliefs about who should manage stormwater.
Water Insecurity and Rights Erosion: A Comprehensive Analysis of Rohingya Refugee Camps in New Delhi
Authors: Dasgupta Abesh , Kar Surajit , Sundberg Trude , Gautam Atul , Mukherjee Subham
Published: August 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the critical issue of water insecurity and its multifaceted impact on and relationship to the human rights and environmental justice conditions within Rohingya refugee camps located in New Delhi, India. A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was employed to investigate water-related challenges within a refugee camp in Madanpur Khadar, region in Delhi. Qualitative methods including focused group discussions and one-on-one household interviews were conducted to allow residents’ perceptions from diverse groups and examine their experiences. Structured surveys were administered to gather quantitative data on water access, sanitation, health, and socio-economic factors. Additionally,, literature surveys and document archival research provided contextual insights. This study underscores the pressing water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) challenges faced by Rohingya refugees in the area, revealing irregular water supply, impacting residents’ daily lives and hygiene practices. The majority of families in the camp, with an average of 6 members in each family, can only collect 30–40 L of water to meet all their needs, from consumption to personal hygiene, which is significantly insufficient. This situation has resulted in severe health consequences for the camp residents. Alarmingly, over 90% of the female respondents reported experiencing issues such as urinary infections. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the multidimensionality of rights that intersect with and are affected by WaSH issues. The poor WaSH conditions in the camp directly hinder the fulfillment of fundamental human rights. It not only disrupts the basic sanitation need but has negative economic repercussions and causes mental distress. This study concludes by targeted recommendations aimed at improving the conditions prevailing within the camp.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Glacier Studies: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Nurakynov Serik , Merekeyev Aibek , Baygurin Zhaksybek , Sydyk Nurmakhambet , Akhmetov Bakytzhan
Published: August 2024

Assessing glaciers using recent and historical data and predicting the future impacts on them due to climate change are crucial for understanding global glacier mass balance, regional water resources, and downstream hydrology. Computational methods are crucial for analyzing current conditions and forecasting glacier changes using remote sensing and other data sources. Due to the complexity and large data volumes, there is a strong demand for accelerated computing. AI-based approaches are increasingly being adopted for their efficiency and accuracy in these tasks. Thus, in the current state-of-the-art review work, available research results on the application of AI methods for glacier studies are addressed. Using selected search terms, AI-based publications are collected from research databases. They are further classified in terms of their geographical locations and glacier-related research purposes. It was found that the majority of AI-based glacier studies focused on inventorying and mapping glaciers worldwide. AI techniques like U-Net, Random forest, CNN, and DeepLab are mostly utilized in glacier mapping, demonstrating their adaptability and scalability. Other AI-based glacier studies such as glacier evolution, snow/ice differentiation, and ice dynamic modeling are reviewed and classified, Overall, AI methods are predominantly based on supervised learning and deep learning approaches, and these methods have been used almost evenly in glacier publications over the years since the beginning of this research area. Thus, the integration of AI in glacier research is advancing, promising to enhance our comprehension of glaciers amid climate change and aiding environmental conservation and resource management.
Groundwater LNAPL Contamination Source Identification Based on Stacking Ensemble Surrogate Model
Authors: Bai Yukun , Lu Wenxi , Wang Zibo , Xu Yaning
Published: August 2024

Groundwater LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contamination source identification (GLCSI) is essential for effective remediation and risk assessment. Addressing the GLCSI problem often involves numerous repetitive forward simulations, which are computationally expensive and time-consuming. Establishing a surrogate model for the simulation model is an effective way to overcome this challenge. However, how to obtain high-quality samples for training the surrogate model and which method should be used to develop the surrogate model with higher accuracy remain important questions to explore. To this end, this paper innovatively adopted the quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method to sample from the prior space of unknown variables. Then, this paper established a variety of individual machine learning surrogate models, respectively, and screened three with higher training accuracy among them as the base-learning models (BLMs). The Stacking ensemble framework was utilized to integrate the three BLMs to establish the ensemble surrogate model for the groundwater LNAPL multiphase flow numerical simulation model. Finally, a hypothetical case of groundwater LNAPL contamination was designed. After evaluating the accuracy of the Stacking ensemble surrogate model, the differential evolution Markov chain (DE-MC) algorithm was applied to jointly identify information on groundwater LNAPL contamination source and key hydrogeological parameters. The results of this study demonstrated the following: (1) Employing the QMC method to sample from the prior space resulted in more uniformly distributed and representative samples, which improved the quality of the training data. (2) The developed Stacking ensemble surrogate model had a higher accuracy than any individual surrogate model, with an average R2 of 0.995, and reduced the computational burden by 99.56% compared to the inversion process based on the simulation model. (3) The application of the DE-MC algorithm effectively solved the GLCSI problem, and the mean relative error of the identification results of unknown variables was less than 5%.
Experimental Investigation of a Distributed Architecture for EV Chargers Performing Frequency Control
Authors: Striani Simone , Pedersen Kristoffer Laust , Engelhardt Jan , Marinelli Mattia
Published: August 2024

The demand for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is increasing because of the rapid shift toward electric transport. Introducing EVSE on a large scale into the power grid can increase power demand volatility, negatively affecting frequency stability. A viable solution to this challenge is the development of smart charging technologies capable of performing frequency regulation. This paper presents an experimental proof of concept for a new frequency regulation method for EVSE utilizing a distributed control architecture. The architecture dynamically adjusts the contribution of electric vehicles (EVs) to frequency regulation response based on the charging urgency assigned by the EV users. The method is demonstrated with two Renault ZOEs responding to frequency fluctuation with a combined power range of 6 kW in the frequency range of 50.1 to 49.9 Hz. The results confirm consistent power sharing and effective frequency regulation, with the system controlling the engagement of the EVs in frequency regulation based on priority. The delay and accuracy analyses reveal a fast and accurate response, with the cross-correlation indicating an 8.48 s delay and an average undershoot of 0.17 kW. In the conclusions, the paper discusses prospective improvements and outlines future research directions for integrating EVs as service providers.
Antimicrobial activity of disinfectants used in prosthetic dentistry depending on the degree of dilution (an experimental in vitro study)
Authors: Akavov A. N. , Rasulov I. M. , Podporin M. S. , Deshev A. V. , Ippolitov E. V. , Tsarev V. N. , Kolesnikov P. Y.
Published: August 2024

Relevance. Determining the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants and their impact on conditionally pathogenic microbiota (CPM), as well as justifying the selection of agents for treating dental impressions and prostheses, remains an unresolved issue requiring thorough research. The effects of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) on various microorganisms, particularly regarding their effective dilution in dental practice, are not well-studied despite their widespread use.

Objective. To compare the antimicrobial activity of alkaline combined disinfectants, QAC derivatives, and polyhydric alcohols at various dilutions against CPM strains in vitro.

Materials and methods. Dilutions of domestic disinfectants—"Megadez Ortho" (VladMiva), "Vendelin" (Bozon), and "Trilox" (Biotorg)—were prepared in sterile heart-brain broth (Himedia Labs, India) ranging from 1:200 to 1:200,000. Microbial growth curves were assessed using a bioreactor RS (Biosan, Latvia). The study involved three test strains of CPM: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus.

Results. The in vitro experiment results indicate that working solutions of the disinfectants at dilutions of 1:200 and 1:20 exhibit bactericidal activity against all test strains: S. aureus, E. coli, and B. cereus. The antimicrobial activity against B. cereus was observed at slightly higher concentrations compared to S. aureus and E. coli.

Conclusion. Based on the decrease in disinfectant activity, the preparations can be ranked in the following order of decreasing efficacy: "Trilox" → "Vendelin" → "Megadez Ortho." A notable advantage of "Trilox" is its statistically significant higher activity against spore-forming bacilli B. cereus.
FORMATION OF THE STRENGTH COMPONENT OF SPECIAL ENDURANCE OF ATHLETES IN CYCLIC SPORTS
Authors: DYACHENKO A. , KIPRYCH S.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the article is to systematize the factors of power support of a special endurance, which are specialized in cyclical sports (for example, canoeing). The problem of integration of the leading factors of special endurance is determined. An analysis of ways to increase the specialized focus of physical training on the development of the power component of special endurance of rowers is given. The structure of the functional support of the special endurance of  rowers consists of leading components: non-erogenous, vegetative, and energetic. New possibilities for increasing the power component of special endurance are analyzed due to the stimulation of reactive properties of the corresponding systems of functional support of special performance. How to ensure on this basis the ability to quickly, adequately, and fully respond to the specialized power loads of canoeists is analyzed.
Existing knowledge of sports science provides conceptual prerequisites for solving the task of developing special endurance, taking into account its strength component. They include scientific and practical knowledge regarding the formation of conditions for optimizing the physiological reactivity of the body in the process of forming a specific adaptation to specific physical loads. The presence of this factor will make it possible to create conditions for favorable adaptation to physical exertion, which will stimulate the complex development of the body's functions (energy function and special power capabilities of athletes) and ensure an adequate reaction of the body of a certain orientation during the transition from preparatory work to special training.
DEVELOPMENT OF OBSTACLE RESISTANCE IN VOLLEYBALL: A SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECT
Authors: HRYNCHENKO I. , SOBKO I. , HALASHKO V.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of obstacles on the competitive activity of volleyball players. The study is based on the results of scientific research on the study of resistance to obstacles in game sports, as well as on the practical experience of the authors in working with volleyball players of different levels of training.
The scientific research was carried out by analysing and summarising the literature and the experience of advanced domestic and foreign practice in studying the effects of various obstacles on the training and competitive activity of athletes in game sports and, in particular, volleyball.
It is determined how and as a result of which the obstacle resistance of the players affects the results of the competitive activity of the volleyball team. The factors that influence the obstacle resistance of volleyball players are identified and systematised, as well as the types of obstacles that volleyball players are most frequently confronted with during their participation in competitions.
The consideration of the main factors of obstacle resistance in volleyball is relevant and promising. The results of our study will help volleyball players, coaches and sport psychologists to better understand the sources of failure and to develop recommendations for coaches in the development of obstacle resistance.
Concussão cerebral relacionada ao esporte: uma revisão narrativa da literatura
Authors: Braga Carneiro Heitor , Jeremias Laura dos Santos , Silva de Souza Nélio , De Paula Aprigio Alves Danielle
Published: August 2024

Introdução.  Recentemente, a Concussão Relacionada ao Esporte (CRE) tem recebido atenção crescente, destacando a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento desta condição que ocorre durante a prática esportiva, visando minimizar problemas como a Síndrome do Segundo Impacto (SSI) e a Síndrome Pós-Concussão (SPC). Objetivo. Reunir evidências sobre os aspectos clínicos, ferramentas diagnósticas e intervenções que auxiliam na redução do risco de concussões e na recuperação funcional de atletas pós CRE. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A busca ocorreu nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed/Medline, Scielo, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e literatura cinzenta, nas linguas portuguesa e inglesa, publicados entre 2008 a 2024. Resultados. Concussões são frequentemente reconhecidas, porém muitas vezes subnotificadas. O manejo inadequado pode levar a problemas persistentes como SPC e SSI. A concussão é um processo complexo que resulta de um insulto biomecânico ao cérebro, desencadeando uma cascata de eventos neurometabólicos prejudiciais. As consequências incluem problemas neurocognitivos, psicológicos e motores. O tratamento envolve repouso e retorno gradual às atividades, com reabilitação que inclui exercícios aeróbicos e vestibulares. Conclusão. Destaca-se a falta de conhecimento sobre a CRE e as síndromes relacionadas, especialmente em esportes de contato, onde o diagnóstico e avaliação são desafiadores devido à diversidade de sintomas. A subestimação dos traumatismos por profissionais e a comunidade esportiva impacta o bem-estar dos atletas. É crucial melhorar métodos de diagnóstico e cuidados pós-concussão. A prevenção inclui educação sobre regras do jogo e monitoramento rigoroso dos atletas. Maior esforço educacional é necessário para reconhecimento, gestão e prevenção de concussões.
Degradation of pyrene by laccase from Trametes versicolor
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Brazkova M. S. , Koleva R. Y. ,   Department of Chemical Technologies, Burgas ‘Asen Zlatarov’ University, 1 Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd., Burgas, Bulgaria, Angelova G. V. ,   Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Krastanov A. I. ,   Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

In recent years the development of eco-friendly remediation technologies with economical advantage is based on the incorporation of microorganisms or their enzyme systems in the degradation processes. In the present study purified laccase with specific activity 105.8 U/mg, obtained after submerged cultivation of the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor, was used in free and immobilized form for pyrene degradation. The alginate gel entrapment method and the encapsulation in amphiphilic dendritic-linear-dendritic block copolymers were applied as immobilization techniques. The free form of the enzyme was able to reduce the concentration of pyrene by 15 ppm to a final concentration of 185 ppm at the 20th day. The application of the enzyme, encapsulated in amphiphilic dendritic-linear-dendritic block copolymers, resulted in a decrease of the concentration of pyrene ranging from 4 ppm to 28 ppm for the different preparations. The degradation of pyrene with laccase immobilized in Ca-alginate gel led to a decrease in the concentration of the compound by 26 ppm for 20 days.
Potential toxicity, physicochemical properties and environmental behavior of L-carvone
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, University “Prof. Assen Zlatarov”,1 Prof. Yakimov Str., 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria, Koleva Y. K. , Iliev I. Z. ,   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Department of Chemical Technology, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria,   University of Food Technologies, Department Technology of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential oils, Technological Faculty, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Gandova V. D. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Stoyanova A. S. ,   University of Food Technologies, Department Technology of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential oils, Technological Faculty, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: August 2024

The monoterpene ketone carvone [6,8(9)-p-pentadien-2-one; 1-methyl-4-isopropenyl-6-cyclohexene-2-one] is a colorless to pale yellowish liquid with a characteristic cumin-spiced odor and a sharp, warm, sweet taste. It is found as a main component in essential oils of cumin, fennel, spearmint, etc., from which it is isolated, but for industrial purposes it is synthesized. It is stable in soaps, detergents and cosmetics. Its uses include the preparation of perfume compositions with spicy and fantasy notes, fern, clove, chypre, etc., aromatic compositions for the food industry - mainly mint-carvone type, spices, liqueurs, etc. It is used in significant quantities in gums and oral hygiene preparations (toothpastes, mouthwashes, etc.). The goal of the present work is to predict the physical, toxicological properties and environmental fate of L-carvone by the CompTox Chemistry Dashboard.
Implementation of the Fp-Growth Algorithm on Spare Parts Supply Requests
Authors: Amsury Fachri , Nanang Ruhyana  , Riyadi Andri Agung , Bayhaqy Achmad
Published: August 2024

Manufacturing companies rely on machines for operational activities to produce finished goods. Common factors constraining the demand and supply of spare parts are the high number of spare parts managed and irregular patterns of demand for spare parts. These varying quantities also require investment in spare parts inventory and longer response times than predicted. The research aims to apply the FP-Growth algorithm approach to find association rules and produce patterns of demand and supply of spare parts in lightweight brick manufacturing companies based on transaction data on demand and supply of spare parts from January – March 2023. The approach used is associated with the applied algorithm. In this research, the primary process of the FP-Growth algorithm is to create a combination of each item until no more combinations are formed using minimum support and minimum confidence parameters. Based on the results of making association rules using spare parts demand data from the machine maintenance department, it is stated that the regulations formed from processing the RapidMiner application with a confidence value of 100% recommend FD Regular Bolt spare parts, then the next rating with a confidence value of 94% is Steel Nuts, seven rules recommend Nuts. Steel. Therefore, it is recommended that FD Regular Bolts and Steel Nuts carry out safety stock to maintain stock availability and place them on shelves included in the fast-moving inventory category.
Food Tourism In Ireland: An Exploration Of The Role Of Food Tourism In Cultural Sustainability
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Riordan Lisa
Published: August 2024

"Previous research proposes that food tourism is a medium through which traditions can be maintained, as well as a conduit through which authentic culture can be experienced (Fox, 2007; Henderson, 2014; Okumus et al, 2007). Food tourism is also advocated as a sustainable means of environmental, economic and sociocultural development (Everett and Aitchison, 2008; Montanari and Staniscia, 2009). The unique focus of this research study is the role food tourism plays in cultural sustainability in Ireland, specifically, in Kinsale, the English Market and Dingle. In particular, this study draws on the viewpoints of thirty three food tourism representatives on the front-line of the food tourism industry. Several new contributions into the manner in which food tourism impacts the development and sustainability of the chosen locations’ cultural traditions are offered. Primarily, the empirical research conducted reveals that food tourism is allowing not only for the preservation and sustainability of cultural traditions but also their revival, through a combination of tradition and innovation, incorporating both multi- generational family businesses and those who are ‘newcomers’. Telling the story behind the food is also evidenced as playing a key role, not only in keeping food knowledge and heritage alive, but also in contributing to an understanding of local culture, providing a link to the source and in creating an overall memorable experience. Furthermore, the accessibility of local food produce is crucial in preserving the integrity of cultural traditions, with the local producer representing a vital element. A related significant finding highlights the role of food tourism in the locations’ employment sustainability, to which local culture, social connections and networks strongly contribute. New understandings into the concept of ‘authenticity’ in food tourism are also presented. Authenticity proves to be a contentious issue, in particular, regarding the manner in which the locations’ cultural traditions are being represented and sustained and on what constitutes an ‘authentic’ product. Based on the in-depth interviews conducted, this study presents a new model depicting the interaction of the above elements and the role food tourism plays in developing and sustaining the cultural traditions of Kinsale, the English Market and Dingle. Finally, this study offers an insight into the views of the food tourism representatives whose families and local traditions, businesses and everyday living culture constitute the front-line of the food tourism industry."
Cloud Practical Exam Invigilation Control Systems With The Objective Of Enhancing Quality Control For Online Exams
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Reilly Gordon
Published: August 2024

"Online cloud computing courses are becoming more common place facilitating a student to study from home from anywhere in the world. Coupled with this trend is a need for educational institutions to facilitate students to take tests or exams online from home. It reduces the remote student’s time and cost of travel to an exam invigilation centre as well as reducing the educational institution’s test administration overhead. It does however introduce potential quality control concerns. A new industry called online proctoring has emerged that attempts to provide quality control in these online test scenarios. This research provides an insight into the vendors and the mechanics of online proctoring. It also looks at why students cheat and whether cheating is more prevalent online. The research outlines how IT vendors, who offer online courses, test and mitigate the cheating threat in their certification programs. Presenting online proctoring in a structured framework is the second theme in which a categorization of proctoring terminology is presented. Quality control considerations are researched. A CIT investigative case study on potential online proctoring solutions for a complex cloud based virtual hands on lab scenario is also considered."
Assessment of the Introduction and Growth Dynamics of the Shrub Ligustrum Vulgare L. Seedlings in Saline Soil Conditions
Authors: Аблязов Д.Г. , Вергунова А.А. , Сокольская О.Б.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается состояние сформированных посадок Ligustraim vulgare L. из сеянцев в Саратовской области и даются определения их приживаемости при помощи годовых приростов. Тема исследования актуальна в связи с тем, что на территориях региона много засоленных почв (в Левобережье) или частично засоленных (в Правобережье). Этот фактор отрицательно сказывается на произрастание зеленых насаждений, в том числе кустарников. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что проведен анализ динамики роста сеянцев кустарника Ligustraim vulgare L. на засоленных почвах. Материал был взят с маточного куста, произрастающего в условиях агрессивной городской среды Саратова. Сеянцы высажены в открытый грунт в населенном пункте Дергачи Саратовской области. Оценена интродукция, которая составила более 100 баллов, а также установлена средняя всхожесть 83% от общего количества. Выявлено, что на второй год сеянцы успешно подросли, и развились 76% от всего высаженного материала. Установлено, что не взошли сеянцы или плохо развивались из семян, приобретенных в магазине. Собранные с маточного кустарника успешно проросли и были высажены в конце апреля в открытый грунт. Годовой прирост в высоту у сеянцев второго года увеличился в 2-7 раз, количество листочков у 75% увеличилось в три раза, а у единичных экземпляров в пять раз. Выявлено max количество ответвлений и облиственности у сеянцев Ligustraim vulgare L. второго года. Предложен метод выращивания Ligustraim vulgare L. в условиях засоления почв, который подходит для быстрого получения посадочного материала с маточного кустарника, произрастающего в городской среде, устойчивого к её агрессивным качествам. Это даёт вероятность, что посадочный материал сразу адаптируется и будет востребован для организации различных типов посадок на территориях Саратовской области.