bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Chicken Meat in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Sudarmadi Annisa Aulia Maghfirani , Prajitno Subur , Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a problem in public health. Zoonotic food-borne bacteria is infectious agent that can be transferred from animal to human through the food-producing animal we consume. Nowadays, antibiotic used for human and animal is not only to cure infection but also to aim animal’s growth promotion. It is known as non therapeutic antimicrobial agent (NTA) leading to antibiotic resistance. The third generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime, and also cefoxitin are included as important antibiotic for human. This study aims to identify the presence of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli and cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat of both traditional and modern market in Surabaya.Methods: This is descriptive post test only experimental research. We used 8 samples of chicken meat from 4 different market using purposive sampling technique. We cultured Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the chicken meat. Sensitivity test was done using Kirby-bauer disk-diffusion method.Results: All chicken meat sample bought from traditional market in Surabaya are contaminated by cefotaxime-sensitive Escherichia coli (n=4/4) while chicken meat sample bought from modern market are not contaminated by Escherichia coli (n=0/4). All chicken meat sample bought from traditional (n=4/4) are also contaminated by cefoxitin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Half of chicken meat sample bought from modern market (n=2/4) are contaminated by cefoxitin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, while the other half (n=2/4) are contaminated by cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance is found and all chicken meat samples have been highly contaminated with bacteria therefore food-processing should be done correctly.
Hubungan ASI Eksklusif dengan Perkembangan Balita yang Memiliki Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya
Authors: Kumala Hasniyah Rizka , Purnomo Windhu
Published: November 2020

Latar Belakang: Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) atau bayi yang lahir <2500g, memilikiperkembangan cenderung lebih lambat dibandingkan anak yang lahir dengan berat badan normal.Pada kasus BBLR sangat jarang diberikan ASI secara eksklusif karena keinginan ibu untukmenaikkan berat badan bayi secara cepat, sehingga diberikan makanan tambahan selain ASI. Balitadengan riwayat BBLR sangat beresiko mengalami gangguan tumbuh kembang.Tujuan: Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis apakah ada hubungan antara ASI ekslusif denganperkembangan balita dengan riwayat BBLR di Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Kota Surabaya.Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik observasional yang bersifat cross sectional. Populasi ibu yangmemiliki bayi usia 12-36 bulan dengan riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah sebanyak 34 responden,menggunakan tehnik simple random sampling ditemukan besar sampel 32 responden. Variabelindependen ASI eksklusif, variabel dependen pertumbuhan. Pengumpulan data menggunakankuesioner dan uji statistic menggunakan spearman.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari penghitungan menggunakan uji spearman diperolehp=0, 000 yang berarti ada hubungan yang signifikan antara ASI eksklusif dengan perkembangan padabalita dengan riwayat BBLR.Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini semakin bayi diberi ASI eksklusif maka perkembanganbalita akan semakin baik.ABSTRACTBackground: Babies with Low Birth Weight or babies born ≤2500gr, having a development of tend tobe slower than children born with normal weight. In the case LBW was given exclusive breastfeedingrarely because the mother want to raised the baby weight quickly, so given extra food other thanbreastfeeding. The growth of toddler with LBW history is very at risk of growth disorder.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between exclusivebreastfeeding with development of toddlers who had LBW history in Puskesmas Tanah Kali KedindingSurabaya The population involved the mother with a baby 12-36 months of age with a history of lowbirth weight as much as 34, respondents using simple technique random sampling found big 32respondents.Methods: This research using cross sectional approach. The independent variable, exclusive breastmilk the dependent variable growth and development. The collection of data using a questionnaire andtest it statistic use spearman correlation.Results: The results p value of test spearman p=0.000 which means significant exists correlationbetween breastfeeding exclusively with development.Conclusion: The conclusion this study, the more babies are given exclusive breastfeeding, the betterthe toddler's development will be.
Analisis Upaya Pemerintah Dalam Menangani Mudik Melalui Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 25 Tahun 2020 Pada Masa Covid-19
Authors: Nadine Ainaya , Imtiyaz Zulfa Zahara
Published: November 2020

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that causes emergencies in the world including Indonesia. This situation causes all activities to be hampered, especially in terms of mobility that is needed to carry out activities. Transportation is an important tool in this regard. The government is demanding that as soon as possible take steps to prevent and control the spread of Covid-19, so a rule or regulation is needed. The spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia, which began in March 2020, continued until the Eid 1441 H took place. It has become a culture and tradition in Indonesia when Eid is to stay in touch with relatives and return to their hometown or usually called mudik. This of course requires a mode of transportation. To prevent the acceleration of the spread of the virus, the government issued a regulation on the prohibition of mudik through Permenhub No. 25/2020. The issuance of this regulation is a government preventive measure in handling Covid-19. However, this causes losses to prospective passengers who have already bought tickets for going home and those who hope to meet with their families. Regarding this, regulation must not only contain regulatory matters such as prohibitions and sanctions for those who violate them but also provide solutions to unwanted things such as compensation as a form of liability. However, whether law enforcement and the application of this regulation are effective according to government directives or not.
Kewajiban Penyidikan Oleh Penuntut Umum Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Perusakan Hutan
Authors: Hakim Syahrul Arif , Purwoleksono Didik Endro , Perdana Andi Surya
Published: November 2020

Penyidikan yang dilakukan oleh Penuntut Umum setelah Penyidik ( Kepolisian / PPNS ) tidak dapat melengkapi berkas perkara sebagaimana Pasal 39 huruf b UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 tidak dijelaskan lebih lanjut dalam pasal tersendiri maupun penjelasan tentang ruang lingkup kewenangan penyidikan tersebut serta dalam undang-undang juga tidak disebutkan apakah penyidikan oleh Penuntut Umum ini termasuk Penyidikan Lanjutan atau penuntut umum melakukan penyidikan dari awal. Penyidikan oleh Penuntut Umum dalam perkara tindak pidana perusakan dilakukan dalam tahap yang dikenal istilahnya Pra Penuntutan. Tugas Penuntut Umum dalam tahap Pra Penuntutan yang awalnya melakukan tugas dan kewenangannya meneliti berkas perkara yang disampaikan penyidik dan selanjutnya memberikan petunjuk, berdasarkan perintah undang-undang wajib melakukan penyidikan dengan jangka waktu tertentu setelah penyidik tidak dapat menyelesaikan penyidikannya baik karena berkas perkara belum lengkap dan atau masa penyidikan yang dilakukan oleh penyidik selama 60 ( enam puluh ) hari dan dapat diperpanjang paling lama 30 (tiga puluh) hari telah habis dan jika kewajiban sebagaimana Pasal 39 tersebut tidak dilaksanakan, maka sesuai Pasal 42 UU No. 18 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan ( P3H ) dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif
Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Satwa Liar Dilindungi yang Berimplikasi Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang
Authors: Sutra Ferna Lukmia
Published: November 2020

Satwa liar dilindungi merupakan sumber daya alam hayati yang perlu dijaga. Namun potensi sumber daya alam Indonesia mulai terganggu karena praktek perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi pada berbagai macam modus. Peningkatan kejahatan tersebut terjadi karena faktor ekonomi, lemahnya penegakkan hukum, permintaan pasar yang tinggi, dan pelaku memiliki jaringan nasional dan internasional. Regulasi terkait perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi yakni Undang-Undang Konservasi Sumber Daya alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya nampakanya belum mengakomodasi subjek pelaku korporasi dan efek jera. Lembaga penegak hukum perlu mengggunakan berbagai peraturan yang ada salah satunya menggunakan instrumen pencucian uang. Penelitian hukum ini membahas perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi sebagai tindak pidana asal dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang dan pertanggungjawaban pelaku perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi berimplikasi tindak pidana pencucian uang dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa beberapa praktek perdagangan satwa dilindungi sulit terdeteksi, salah satunya karena hasil tindak pidana telah masuk pada legal market. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya instrumen hukum untuk menjerat subjek pelaku yang memproses pencucian uang. Hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Konservasi Sumber Daya alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya dapat memenuhi syarat sebagai tindak pidana asal di dalam tindak pidana pencucian uang. Pertanggungjawaban pelaku perdagangan satwa liar dilindungi dapat berimplikasi pada tindak pidana pencucian uang, sehingga Undang-Undang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dapat menjadi instrumen hukum untuk memberantas kejahatan ini.
Modifying Harmful Beliefs About Academic Setbacks: An Attribution Retraining Intervention for African-American Middle School Students at Risk for Academic Failure
Authors: Cue Erin N. , Taylor April Z.
Published: November 2020

Ongoing reports of the achievement gap suggest the need for effective interventions that can increase motivation and academic outcomes for African-American youth. This study describes a 3-week evidence-based attribution retraining intervention designed to alter harmful beliefs associated with academic failure among African-American middle school students. Guided by attribution theory, the lessons in the intervention were designed to help students modify maladaptive attributions for academic failure and understand that positive academic outcomes could be obtained through increased preparation and effort. Participants included 64 6th graders identified as low achieving who were randomly assigned to either a treatment or wait-list control group. Results showed significant increases in adaptive attributions and decreases in maladaptive attributions for the treatment group compared to the control group. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
INTERFACES DA COVID-19 NA EDUCAÇÃO: ELEMENTOS E APONTAMENTOS INICIAIS NO TOCANTINS
Authors: Rebouças Pôrto Junior Francisco Gilson , Andrade da Silva Meire Lúcia , Pereira Silva Maria das Graças , Pereira de Oliveira Ricardo
Published: November 2020

The text interfaces of COVID-19 in education: elements and initial notes in Tocantins, has the intention of identifying the paths taken by education in the national and state spheres, in the educational context in a pandemic period, seeking to explain reflections about educational policies and the compliance with educational law. The work is based on a bibliographic and documentary review, considering the laws, decrees, provisional measures, guides, among others, available on websites and electronic portals. The partial results of the study show that there are innumerable doubts by school teams regarding the lack of guidelines from the National and State Education bodies regarding the provision of non-face-to-face education, whether in the form of distance education or any other form of remote education aimed at basic.
Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kelurahan Lembo Kota Makassar
Authors: Paraswatih Paraswatih , AS Nursyam , Surur Fadhil
Published: November 2020

Green open space in Makassar City was decreasing due to population growth and high land demand. The phenomenon that occured was that land use as a green open space was decreasing due to an increase in built space. This study aimed to determine the availability of green open space in the Lembo Village, Tallo District, Makassar. Qualitative descriptive analysis and superimpose analysis were used to determine the availability of green open space in that area. The results showed that public and private green open spaces were available in that area with an area of 18.12 Ha or equivalent to 33.56% of the total area. The green open space was at least 30% of the total area, this condition shows sustainability.
Kajian Biomorphic Architecture dalam Perancangan Oceanarium Pekanbaru
Authors: Asyifa Nurul , Firzal Yohannes , Faisal Gun
Published: November 2020

Pekanbaru is a city that is growing rapidly and becomes one of the cities that is frequently visited. But the tourist attraction by the city of Pekanbaru are still lacking. Besides that in the geographical triangle, the water region in Riau Province is bigger than the land area, so the water region in Riau Province has a very high potential. But education about marine life and conservation areas that support biota protection in Riau province is still very least. Therefore, we need a public facility that is equipped with recreational, educational, and conservational needs. To actualize these public facilities, then will be designed an Oceanarium in Pekanbaru City. Oceanarium is a reservoir in a giant aquarium for the conservation of plants and marine biota that serves as a means of education, research, preservation, marine development, and exhibited as a means of recreation. The theme of the Oceanarium in Pekanbaru is Biomorphic Architecture. Biomorphic Architecture is part of architectural design that proposes all ideas taken from organic life, by form, system, or movement. Through the concept of Ocean Life Dynamics, the characteristics of building functions can be made as recreational facilities, conservation, and education about life under the sea.
Penerapan Konsep A.B.L.E. Pada Ruang Terapi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Handoyo Andreas Dwiputro , Liritantri Widyanesti , Pramesi Mutiara Dhya Ulhaq , Meirissa Allicia Sandra
Published: November 2020

Cerebral Palsy is a condition characterized by poor muscle control, stiffness, paralysis, to other nerve disorders. These children are at the highest level of priority among children with special needs. Helping children with Cerebral Palsy can be realized through the design of a special therapy centre for children with Cerebral Palsy.  The design of this therapy centre will be specified in the design concept of the play therapy room because in this case, the playground works as well as therapeutic method for children. This study was conducted using qualitative descriptive analytical methods in Risantya facility which applies play as a therapeutic approach. The observation focused on the activities of the children in the playground. It was found that four factors play an important role in the therapy area. A.B.L.E. has meaning, namely A for Attractive Colours, B for Bump, Bruise, and Pain-Free, L for Low Physical Effort, and E for Engaged positively with movement. The concept is described to therapy centre, especially in the play therapy room, where this concept aims to provide a sense of ease, safety, and comfort to children when doing activities.
The Potential of the Bebak Wall Protection Technique on Increasing Construction Stability and Material Bond Strength
Authors: Pradipto Eugenius , Afif Nabila
Published: November 2020

Bebak, the local building material of East Nusa Tenggara, has long been used as the primary building material, especially as wall material. However, bebak wall construction commonly used today is not yet ideal in terms of its material protection and function. Bebak is a relatively quick damage construction due to termites, which eventually causes the enclosed space's thermal conditions less comfortable. This research is part of the quality improvement program of healthy housing in that region, which focuses on bebak wall protection by plastering the wall with concrete plaster. Two scale models were examined; a wall plastered only on one side, and a wall plastered on both sides. By using a simple construction approach, the research aims to evaluate the bebak protection technique's effects on the construction stability and the bond strength between the bebak composite wall materials. The results of visual evaluations revealed that single-sided plaster on bebak walls could maintain the construction stability and the bond strength of the composite material better than the double-sided one. Furthermore, the evaluation also reveals additional benefits of the plastered walls for the users, such as adaptability and simplicity of modular wall replication to build affordable healthy housing.
Pengembangan Taman Kota dengan Outdoor Coworking Space Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Bayuadi Muhammad Widad
Published: November 2020

In the state of the covid 19 scourge currently sweeping the world, adaptation is a concern for any element especially in public activity space and room. This study addresses to obtain research results regarding an urgency of need for public space with all its elements and facilities that support productive culture of students & workers in the industrial world 4.0, especially in Indonesia. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with analysis of field observations, questionnaires, descriptive, and literature studies. The statistical method used is using ordinal variable measurement. These results and research are the basis that it is necessary and urgent of outdoor coworking space to carry out further and in-depth research on contextual and cultural appropriateness so that it is appropriate to be applied and become a support in Indonesia's preparation to compete with the global world in the 4.0 Industrial Revolution Era and post-covid adaptation of social interaction in Nganjuk City Park.
Development and Validation of an Immune Microenvironment Based Prognostic Signature and Signal Pathways in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhao Qi , Cheng Yingying , Ren Yujie , Li Xianfa , Xiong Ying
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe study of the PCa immune microenvironment has brought new opportunities for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCa, but the current study has failed to obtain satisfactory results. We aim to develop a generalized, individualized immune prognostic signature that can improve the survival rate of patients.MethodsWe collected a total of 591 sample data from the TCGA and GEO cohorts, and evaluated the abundance and distribution of immune cell members in the mixed cell population in the gene expression matrix by CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and other methods. Calculate the TMB value of the mutant gene to evaluate the reliability of PCa for immunotherapy. Besides, the genes related to the immune microenvironment and mutation load of PCa are obtained, and the target genes are obtained by the intersection with the immune-related genes in the ImmPort database. And perform pan-cancer analysis of the target gene to evaluate the immunological commonality and biological pathways in a variety of cancers. Finally, a Western blot experiment was used to explore the mechanism of the target gene in PCa immune microenvironment.ResultsWe found that M0, M2, and Mast cell sresting differed significantly between prostate cancer and normal tissue and that patients with low plasma cell abundance were more likely to develop lymph node metastasis. LTF, as a core gene, is closely related to changes in the immune microenvironment of PCa, and its low expression in tumors promotes primary immune deficiency, cancer development, and enrichment in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Cell experiments found that LTF overexpression reduces tumor-derived GM-CSF secretion by inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway, achieving the purpose of regulating tumor immune microenvironment and inhibiting PCa cell proliferation and migration.ConclusionsThe proposed clinical-immune signature and core gene is the most promising biomarkers for improving the overall survival rate of PCa. It has been verified that overexpression of LTF reduces the secretion of tumor-derived GM-CSF by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway.
Intravenous fracture of a peripheral cannula at the dorsum of the hand; in a patient who used walking aids after surgery
Authors: Karunathilaka Chandana , Pinto Narendra , V.P. Wijesundara , N.N.N. Madushanka
Published: November 2020

In orthopedic patients peripheral intra venous (IV) cannulation is a common procedure for various clinical purposes. After the surgery most of the patient uses walking aids (walking frame, crutches) for mobilization. The dorsum of the hand or wrist is one of the most common place for the peripheral IV cannulation. When patients holding weight bearing devices, there is a potential of bending the catheter part of the cannula. Repeated bending can result in fatigue fracture of the cannula. To avoid these, it is advisable to place the peripheral venous cannulas at places away from wrist joint which will prevent the catheter bending and fracture of it. This is an very important point to be consider when placing cannulas in orthopedic surgical patients.
Biomaterials and oxygen join forces to shape the immune response and boost SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Colombani Thibault , Eggermont Loek , Rogers Zachary , McKay Lindsay , Avena Laura , Johnson Rebecca , Storm Nadia , Griffiths Anthony , Bencherif Sidi
Published: November 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, resulting in a critical need for effective vaccines that generate protective antibodies. Protein subunit vaccines represent a promising approach but often lack the immunogenicity required for strong immune stimulation. To overcome this challenge, we first demonstrate that advanced biomaterials boost effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccines. Additionally, we report that oxygen is a powerful immunological co-adjuvant, a game-changer in the field for unlocking the full potential of vaccines. Mice immunized with oxygen-generating cryogel vaccines exhibited a robust and balanced Th1 and Th2 immune response, leading to sustained and high titer production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicate that this platform is a revolutionary technology with the potential to reinforce any vaccine.
Cuttlebone Fillers for Topical Hemorrhage and Wound Healing: In Vitro Insights and a Suppository Model
Authors: Palaveniene Alisa
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWhile the treatment of numerous anorectal disorders remains challenging, this paper aims to add an impact and suggests a product prototype with marine-derived non-toxic cuttlebone fillers for clinical use. MethodsElemental composition, hemostatic and antibacterial potential of cuttlebone fillers were tested in vitro while comparing with a number of clotting powders. Witepsol-based suppositories with lidocaine hydrochloride and cuttlebone fillers were further developed. ResultsCuttlebone microparticles (CB-1) and modified alkali-treated cuttlebone microparticles (CB-2) were analyzed in terms of hemostatic efficiency and as fillers for rectal suppositories for the first time (Fig. 1). Bioinorganic elements of cuttlebone, such as iron, zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium were found to be supportive for wound healing. Modified, chitosan-enriched cuttlebone filler showed decrease in clotting time by 20%. Cuttlebone fillers demonstrated no antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suppositories with cuttlebone fillers have demonstrated favorable characteristics, such as melting point in a 36.0–37.0 °C temperature range, dissolution time no longer than 30 min and gradual release of the anesthetic drug. ConclusionBased on the primal, though essential to conduct in vitro test results, application of cuttlebone fillers could open a new page in the development of successful naturally-based hemostatic and wound healing products.
Leiomyosarcoma with Isolated Metastasis to the Extraocular Muscle: A Case Report involving Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Lee Kyoung Yul , Yoo Yung Ju
Published: November 2020

Background: Whole-genome sequencing analysis of leiomyosarcoma of the orbit, a rare condition, has seldom been reported. Here, we describe a case of metastatic orbital leiomyosarcoma, which was confirmed before the diagnosis of the primary tumor.Case presentation: A 71-year-old man presented with total ptosis of the right eyelid. Limitations of supraduction and infraduction of the right eye were present, resulting in left hypotropia at the primary gaze. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the right orbit revealed an extraconal, peripherally enhancing mass arising from the superior rectus muscle. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by histopathologic examination. Next-generation sequencing revealed the absence of mutations such as TP53, RB1, and ATRX, which were previously detected in leiomyosarcoma. Conclusions: This case indicates that in patients with ocular movement limitation and ptosis, an orbital mass on the external ocular muscle should be considered, along with the possibility of metastatic lesions. Systemic examination and excisional biopsy should be performed.
Evaluating the implementation of a pragmatic person-centered communication tool in the nursing home via the RE-AIM framework.
Authors: Abbott Katherine , Heppner Alexandra , Hicks Nytasia , Hermesch Abigail , VanHaitsma Kimberly
Published: November 2020

Background: Person-centered care (PCC) is a philosophy that recognizes “knowing the person” and honoring individual preferences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a novel PCC communication tool in nursing homes (NH). The tool is based on an assessment of NH resident likes and dislikes via the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI), which is an evidenced-based, validated instrument used to enhance the delivery of PCC. The Preferences for Activity and Leisure (PAL) Card was developed to communicate residents’ preferences for leisure and activities across care team members. Methods: Providers were recruited to utilize the recreation and leisure items from the PELI to assess resident important preferences and create PAL Cards for 15-20 residents. Providers collected data aligned with the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance). Results: Reach and Adoption: A total of n=43 providers registered and n=26 (60%) providers completed the project. Ownership of participating providers included 54% not for profit, 46% for profit, and 8% government owned with an average star rating of 3.7 (SD 1.1) and a range of 1-5. Effectiveness and Implementation: Participants attempted n=424 PAL Cards and completed n=406. The average acceptability of the intervention measure (AIM) was 4.7 (SD 0.4), intervention appropriateness measure (IAM) was 4.5 (SD 0.5), and feasibility of intervention measure (FIM) was 4.6 (SD 0.5). Maintenance: Providers were able to complete 82% of PAL Card placement over the course of 5 months with few cards going missing (<2%). Conclusion: The majority of providers were successful in implementing PAL Cards for residents and reported the intervention as highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The pragmatic PAL Card intervention can assist nursing home providers in meeting PCC regulations and contribute to building relationships between residents, family, and staff.
Emergence of an Adaptive Movement from a Subjective Inference about Resource Distribution
Authors: Sakiyama Tomoko
Published: November 2020

Background: In animal foraging, the optimal search strategy in an unknown environment varies according to the context. When food is distributed sparsely and randomly, super-diffusive walks outperform normal-diffusive walks. However, super-diffusive walks are no longer advantageous when random walkers forage in a resource-rich environment. It is not currently clear whether a relationship exists between an agent’s use of local information to make subjective inferences about global food distribution and an optimal random walk strategy. Methods: Therefore, I investigated how flexible exploration is achieved if an agent alters its directional rule based on local resource distribution. In the proposed model, the agent, a Brownian-like walker, estimates global resource distribution using local resource patterns and makes a decision by altering its rules. Results: I showed that the agent behaved like a non-Brownian walker and the model adaptively switched between diffusive properties depending on the resource density. This led to a more effective resource-searching performance compared with that of a simple random-walk model. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a process of optimal searching dependent on context.
Whole-Genome Resequencing using Next-Generation and Nanopore Sequencing for Molecular Characterization of T-DNA Integration in Transgenic Poplar 741
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Dong Yan , Huang Yali , Fan Jianmin , Yang Minsheng , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWith the rapid development of transgenic technology, transgenic plants have been planted all over the world, and transgenic forest trees have also been commercialized. At the same time, the potential threat of transgenic plants to human health and the natural environment has aroused widespread concern. Therefore, safety assessments before field release and commercial planting of transgenic plants are necessary. By determining the copy number and integration sites of T-DNA in transgenic plants, the safety of transgenic plants at the genomic level can be assessed.ResultsIn this study, we performed genome resequencing of Pb29, a transgenic high-resistance poplar 741 line that has been commercialized, using next-generation and Nanopore sequencing. The results revealed that there are two T-DNA insertion sites, located at 9,283,905–9,283,937 bp on chromosome 3 (Chr03) and 10,868,777–10,868,803 bp on Chr10. The accuracy of the T-DNA insertion locations and directions was verified using polymerase chain reaction amplification. Through sequence alignment, different degrees of base deletions were detected on the T-DNA left and right border sequences, and in the flanking sequences of the insertion sites. An unknown fragment was inserted between the Chr03 insertion site and the right flanking sequence, but the Pb29 genome did not undergo chromosomal rearrangement. It is worth noting that we did not detect the API gene in the Pb29 genome, indicating that Pb29 is a transgenic line containing only the BtCry1AC gene. On Chr03, the insertion of T-DNA disrupted a gene encoding TAF12 protein, but the transcriptional abundance of this gene did not change significantly in the leaves of Pb29. Additionally, except for the gene located closest to the T-DNA integration site, the expression levels of four other neighboring genes did not change significantly in the leaves of Pb29. ConclusionsThis study provides important molecular information for safety assessments and management of transgenic poplar 741. Our findings also provide a theoretical basis for safety assessments of other transgenic poplar.
Haematological findings in 158 dairy cows with toxic mastitis with a focus on the leukogram
Authors: Braun Ueli , Gerspach Christian , Riond Barbara , Oschlies Carina , Corti Sabrina , Bleul Ulrich
Published: November 2020

Background: Acute toxic mastitis is characterised by typical clinical findings and changes in the leukogram. The goal of our study was to compare the leukogram of 158 cows with toxic mastitis and 168 clinically healthy cows. The cows were examined clinically and underwent haematological and biochemical examination of blood and bacteriological culture of milk samples. Results: All cows with toxic mastitis were ill and had a poor appetite or anorexia, and 34 cows (21.5%) were recumbent. A single quarter was affected in 119 cows (75.3%), two quarters in 37 cows (23.4%) and three quarters in two cows (1.3%). Bacteriological culture showed gram-negative pathogens in 100 cows (63.3%), gram-positive in 15 (9.5%) and yeast in 4 (2.5%). The median total leukocyte count of ill cows was 4,300 cells/µl, which was significantly lower than 8,000 cells/µl in controls. With the exception of band neutrophils and metamyelocytes, the counts of all components of the leukogram were lower in ill cows compared with controls. Significantly more cows with toxic mastitis had leukopenia (60.1 vs. 4.1%) or leukocytosis (10.1 vs. 3.0%) than controls. Ill cows had significantly lower segmented neutrophil counts than controls (860 vs. 2,598 cells/µl), and 69.5 and 17.3%, respectively, had counts below the reference interval. Ill cows had increased band (77.3%) and metamyelocyte (25.0%) counts compared with control cows (0.6 and 0%, respectively). In ill cows, eosinopenia occurred in 66.4% (controls, 1.8%), monocytopenia in 40.6% (controls, 4.2%) and lymphopenia in 60.2% (controls, 1.8%). Twenty-one ill cows (16.4%) had a regenerative and 57 (44.5%) had a degenerative left shift. The median neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 0.97 in ill cows and 0.63 in controls. Toxic changes in neutrophils including cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolisation were seen in 101 (91.8%) of 110 blood smears of ill cows.Conclusions: Acute toxic mastitis results in severe changes in the leukogram particularly leukopenia, lymphopenia and degenerative left shift. The leukogram has significant diagnostic value and may aid in the modification of treatment when needed.
Impact of Hospitalist Care Model on Patient Outcomes in Acute Medical Unit
Authors: Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Jinhyun , Ohn Jung Hun , Kim Nak-Hyun
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to assess a newly introduced, hospitalist-run, acute medical unit (AMU) model in Korea. The AMU in our institution started in October 2015. Four hospitalists managed patients with acute medical needs that were admitted through the emergency department (ED). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all medical inpatients admitted through the ED from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017, at a tertiary care hospital. We evaluated 6391 patients whether the hospitalist care in the AMU improved patient outcomes compared to standard non-hospitalist care. METHODS: We created multivariate analysis models to compare the clinical outcomes of patients cared for by hospitalists with the outcomes of patients cared for by non-hospitalists. RESULTS: In the adjusted models, compared to the non-hospitalist group, the AMU hospitalist group had a lower in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.46, P <0.001), a lower intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (OR: 0.39, P <0 .001), a shorter hospital length of stay (coefficient: -1.349, SE: 0.217; P <0.001), and a shorter ED waiting time (coefficient: -3.021, SE: 0.256; P <0.001). There were no significant differences in the 10-day or 30-day re-admission rates (P = 0.493, P = 0.201; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The AMU hospitalist care model was associated with reductions in in-hospital mortality, ICU admission rate, length of hospital stay, and ED waiting time. These findings suggested that this AMU hospitalist care model might be adaptable to other healthcare systems to improve care for patients with acute medical needs.
The Relationship between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and anxiety, Depression, Stress and Sleep in Professional Drivers in southern Iran
Authors: Kamali Mahsa , Khatami Kiana , Estedlal AliReza , Sarikhani Yaser , Tabrizi Reza , Akabri Maryam , Zarei Leila , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: November 2020

Background: Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which is characterized by low focused concentration, distractibility, reduced self-regulation, and hyperactivity. They experience high rates of sleep and mental problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep among professional adult drivers with ADHD in an Iranian sample.Method: in this cross-sectional study, 547 professional adults drivers with ADHD that affirm their disorders by Conner adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS) complete survey that provides demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing quality of sleep, and DASS 21 survey to evaluate Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Results: professional adult drivers with ADHD reveals a significant association of anxiety, depression, stress with poor sleep quality. Among these drivers, Poor quality of sleep was substantially associated with driving at night (P=0.039), but no substantial correlation was found with age, marital status, education, a model of car, and daytime driving (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the significant correlation of anxiety, depression, stress, and ADHD with low quality of sleep, ADHD drivers may be a potential preventive measure that contributes to the identification of vulnerable drivers in terms of psychological state and improvement of their quality of sleep by setting acceptable rules for juggling working hours and supporting acts.
COVID-CT-Mask-Net: Prediction of COVID-19 from CT Scans Using Regional Features
Authors: Ter-Sarkisov Aram
Published: November 2020

We present COVID-CT-Mask-Net model that predicts COVID-19 from CT scans. The model works in two stages: first, it detects the instances of ground glass opacity and consolidation in CT scans, then predicts the condition from the ranked bounding box detections. To develop the solution for the three-class problem (COVID, common pneumonia and control), we used the COVIDx-CT dataset derived from the dataset of CT scans collected by China National Center for Bioinformation. We use about 5% of the training split of COVIDx-CT to train the model, and without any complicated data normalization, balancing and regularization, and training only a small fraction of the model’s parameters, we achieve a 90.80% COVID sensitivity, 91.62% common pneumonia sensitivity and 92.10% normal sensitivity, and an overall accuracy of 91.66% on the test data (21182 images), bringing the ratio of test/train data to 7.06, which implies a very high capacity of the model to generalize to new data. We also establish an important result, that ranked regional predictions (bounding boxes with scores) in Mask R-CNN can be used to make accurate predictions of the image class. The full source code, models and pretrained weights are available on https://github.com/AlexTS1980/COVID-CT-Mask-Net.
A Study on Investor Buying Behavior and Financial Literacy in Urban India
Authors: Agarwal Kritin
Published: November 2020

Investor behaviour and financial literacy are some of the most discussed topics in modern times. In the present technology-driven setting understanding the above concerns could lead to major economic boosts for individuals as well as countries. This study treads on to explore these topics by developing a unique financial index based upon research-backed literature suited for the respondents residing in the urban cities of India and understanding investor behaviour through a series of questions. The paper studies the financial index developed with respect to the various demographic variables of the respondents trying to establish relations between them. The study finds that 43% of the respondents are financially literate while almost 10% are financially illiterate. We observe the relationships between age, gender, residence types, occupation, educational background, investment sizes, income and financial literacy scores. The study also in pursuance of understanding investor behaviour employs factor analysis techniques to the data gathered and recognizes that the same could be classified into four broad categories namely Active Investors, Proactive Investors, Dependent Investors and Cautious Investors. The analysis of preferences of the modern-day Indian investors through statistical methods reveal fixed deposits to be the most preferred vehicle closely followed by life insurance policies and mutual funds. Equity and Gold gain similar scores and one can conclude that the predominantly risk-averse Indian investors have shifted from investing in traditional avenues such as gold and real estate to more technical investment vehicles requiring a greater understanding of the world of finance.
History- and symptom-based prediction of pulmonary function and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: development and validation of a nomogram
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , An Chansik , Yoo Jongha , Park Sungho , Shin Donggyo , Han Chang Hoon
Published: November 2020

Background: Early suspicion followed by assessing lung function with spirometry could decrease the underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the FEV1/FVC ratio and the presence of COPD.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 4,241 adult patients who underwent spirometry between 2013 and 2019. By linear regression analysis, variables associated with FEV1/FVC were identified in the training cohort (n=2,969). Using the variables as predictors, a nomogram was created to predict the FEV1/FVC ratio and validated in the test cohort (n=1,272).Results: Older age (Odds ratio [OR], 0.858; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.833-0.885), male sex (OR, 0.149; 95% CI, 0.064–0.348), current or past smoking history (OR, 0.036; 95% CI, 0.015–0.086), the presence of dyspnea (OR, 0.086; 95% CI, 0.027–0.275), and the absence of overweight (OR, 2.445; 95% CI, 1.210–4.942) were significantly associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio. In the final testing, the developed nomogram showed a mean absolute error of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.789–0.854) between the predicted and actual FEV1/FVC ratios. The overall performance was best when FEV1/FVC < 70% was used as a diagnostic criterion for COPD; the sensitivity, specificity, and balanced accuracy were 82.3%, 68.6%, and 75.5%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed nomogram could be used to identify potential patients at risk of COPD who may need further evaluation, especially in the primary care setting where spirometry is not available.
Spatial Filtering for Enhanced High-Density Surface Electromyographic Examination of Neuromuscular Changes and Its Application to Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xinhui , Tang Xiao , Chen Xun , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ping
Published: November 2020

Background: Spatial filtering of multi-channel signals is considered to be an effective pre-processing approach for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The use of spatial filtering for preprocessing high-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) helps to extract critical spatial information, but its application to non-invasive examination of neuromuscular changes have not been well investigated.Methods: Aimed at evaluating how spatial filtering can facilitate examination of muscle paralysis, three different spatial filtering methods are presented using principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, and both combination, respectively. Their performance was evaluated in terms of diagnostic power, through HD-sEMG clustering index (CI) analysis of neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following spinal cord injury (SCI).Results: The experimental results showed that: 1) The CI analysis of conventional single-channel sEMG can reveal complex neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following SCI, and its diagnostic power has been confirmed to be characterized by the variance of Z-scores; 2) the diagnostic power was highly dependent on the location of sEMG recording channel. Directly averaging the CI diagnostic indicators over channels just reached a medium level of the diagnostic power; 3) the use of either PCA-based or NMF-based filtering method yielded a greater diagnostic power, and their combination could even enhance the diagnostic power significantly.Conclusions: This study not only presents an essential preprocessing approach for improving diagnostic power of HD-sEMG, but also helps to develop a standard sEMG preprocessing pipeline, thus promoting its widespread application.
Using peer role-playing to improve students’ clinical skills for musculoskeletal physical examinations
Authors: Yamauchi Kazuyo , Hagiwara Yoko , Iwakura Nahoko , Kubo Saori , Sato Azusa , Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Okazaki Ken , Okubo Yumiko
Published: November 2020

Background: The traditional curriculum for medical students in Japan does not include sufficient opportunity for the students to develop their skills for musculoskeletal (MSK) examination and clinical reasoning and diagnosis. So, the effective program requires to help medical students and residents improve these clinical skills about MSK. Our purpose was to assess using mini-CEX that these clinical skills of medical students have experienced peer role-playing simulation program.Methods: Participants were 90 women medical students who were completing their first orthopaedic clinical clerkship, were allocated into two groups. The simulation group encountered with role-play for MSK cases as low fidelity simulation, and a structured debriefing with the course supervisor including self- reflection at Day 1 (n = 64). The control group did not participate in the role-play due to clerkship schedule randomized (n = 26). We observed and assessed all participants’ performance at outpatient encounter using the mini clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) when all participant encountered the first visit MSK outpatient at Day 2, and compared mini-CEX score between the simulation group and the control group. A statistical method was used Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results: The Physical examination, the Clinical reasoning and Diagnosis, and the Overall clinical competency of the mini-CEX scores were significant differences in the simulation group higher than in the control group (p < .05, Physical examination: p = .014, Clinical Reasoning: p = .042, Overall: p = .016). These finding suggests the possibility that our medical students who have experienced peer role-playing simulation program improved the clinical skills of physical examination, the clinical reasoning and diagnosis, and the Overall clinical competency on the real-life MSK outpatient encounters.Conclusions: We successfully capture to assess using mini-CEX that these clinical skills improving of medical students who have experienced peer role-playing simulation program. A peer role-playing as a low-fidelity simulation will enable to polish the competency of medical students a musculoskeletal physical examination, and a clinical reasoning and diagnosis in a clinical setting, as a practical educational opportunity.