bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultra-long-distance migration of the common Cuckoo (cuculus canorus, cuculiformes, cuculidae) from Kamchatka to Namibia
Authors: Sokolov Leonid V. , Sinelschikova Aleksandra Yu. , Markovets Mikhail Yu.
Published: November 2024

The application of high-tech methods for tracking birds, primarily satellite telemetry, has made it possible in a relatively short time to reveal real migratory routes and wintering areas for many bird species. In the Common cuckoo, whose breeding range extends over a vast territory from Portugal to Kamchatka, the migratory routes and wintering grounds have been well studied for a number of European populations, while the migration of Asian populations of this species is still not so well studied. In this work, we analyze satellite telemetry data obtained from four adult males of the Common cuckoo caught in early June 2017 during the nesting period on the Kamchatka Peninsula near the town of Yelizovo. The autumn migration of these birds started in August to early September. They crossed the Sea of Okhotsk (more than 1 000 km) and, without staying for a long time in the Khabarovsk Region, stopped in China (Sichuan, Hebei, Heilongjiang provinces), where they remained for a long time, from 32 to 52 days, moving around this country until October to November. In southern China, all three surviving males changed their SW direction of migration to almost western and flew crossing Myanmar and Bangladesh to India, where they stopped over for 24–34 days until November 10th or 29th. Then the birds crossed the Arabian Sea in 2–3 days overcoming the huge body of water of about 3 000 km in width without stop to land on the African continent (Somalia). Further migration of Kamchatka cuckoos passed through the countries of East Africa such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia or Zimbabwe, where they stayed from 2 to 11 days. Finally, all three individuals reached wintering areas in December, first in Botswana, then in Namibia. Thus, the duration of autumn migration of Kamchatka cuckoos varied from 106 to 123 days. During this time, they overcame a record distance of 17,340 km for land birds. The spring migration of two birds started on April 19th or 26th next year. They flew back using a similar route as in autumn. One individual crossed the Arabian Sea in early May, the other from May 20th to 22nd. Having reached India, one bird almost the same day arrived to Bangladesh and then to China. The other one stayed on the Hindustan Peninsula for 11 days, this being much shorter than in autumn. Unfortunately, only one male reached the nesting area in Kamchatka (May 31st). Apparently, the other one either died or lost the transmitter in China. The survived male returned to its former nesting area with high accuracy, its transmitter emitted signals until July 10th. The spring migration took the birds much less time (42 days) than in autumn (106–123 days). Thus, we recorded an ultra-long total distance of autumn and spring migration for a land bird species of almost 34,000 km from Kamchatka to Namibia and back.
The first record of larval Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) (Bivalvia, Ostreidae) from the Black Sea
Authors: Lisitskaya Е. V. , Shchurov S. V.
Published: November 2024

Larvae of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) are being found in the plankton of the Black Sea for the first time. The studies were carried out in 2014–2023 along the Sevastopol coast. Samples were taken monthly with a Jeddy plankton net (inlet diameter 36 cm, mill gas mesh 135 µm). A water layer of 10–0 m was investigated. Live material was processed by total counting the larvae in the Bogorov chamber, using MBS-9 and Mikmed-5 light microscopes. Oyster larvae were recorded in August 2020 and observed in the plankton from the end of August to the beginning of October. They were also found in the waters at Miskhor, southern coast of Crimea in August 2023. The density of larvae amounted to 1–3 ind./m3. Larvae were found at the following water temperatures: minimum, 19.7 °C (September 2021), maximum, 26.6 °C (August 2022). In August, the larvae of C. gigas were at the stage of veliconch, their sizes ranging 275–340 mkm. The sizes of oyster larvae in September and October were 380 mkm, being already in the late stages of development. In the coastal waters of the northern part of the Black Sea, C. gigas larvae can settle on substrates from late August to mid-October.
New or interesting species of gelechiid moths of the genus Photodotis Meyrick 1911 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from the island of Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Omelko М. М. , Omelko N. V.
Published: November 2024

Two new species of the gelechiid moth genus Photodotis Meyrick are described from Sumatra, Indonesia: P. ketambensis sp. n. and P. kedahensis sp. n. In addition, the species P. crockeri M. Omelko et N. Omelko and P. imperfecta M. Omelko et N. Omelko, both described earlier from Borneo Island, Eastern Malaysia, are recorded from Sumatra for the first time.
Dispersal history and current breeding range of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor, Anatidae, Aves) in northwestern Russia
Authors: Kouzov С. А. , Khrabry V. М. , Kravchuk А. V. , Smirnov Y. Y. , Lukyanov С. V. , Abakumov Е. V. , Kouzova N. I. , Novikova Е. А.
Published: November 2024

Throughout the 20th century and the first decades of the current century, the Mute Swan, Cygnus olor, has been growing in numbers and expanding its range both northward and northeastward. The history of the species’ settlement to the Northwest of Russia and the main stages of its expansion, as well as the peculiarities of its spatial distribution in the region are discussed. The Mute Swan started breeding in northwestern Russia in the mid-1980s. The species settled in two landscapes: on shallow eutrophic lakes and on sea moraine and selga islands. To date, the species’ range covers the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, the west and southwest of the Leningrad Region, the whole Pskov Region, and the westernmost parts of the Novgorod and Tver regions. It is noteworthy noting that at the initial stages of expansion the first breeding pairs appeared throughout most of the above-mentioned territories at once. Subsequently, new nests were recorded mainly within the “occupied zone” delineated by the first newcomers. During more than 30 years of expansion, the range of the species moved eastwards by no more than 88–94 km at different localities, while during the previous 20 years (1960–1980) the Mute Swan’s range in Scandinavia moved up to 998 km. Decreasing rates of range expansion amid a continued development of a warm phase of the climate suggest the presence of some kind of climatic barriers for the species in the region.
Features of Digital Literacy Measurement in Russia
Authors: Popov Evgeniy V.
Published: November 2024

The first part of the article revises existing approaches to theoretical understanding of digital literacy in order to provide a conceptual basis for the new Eurostat methodology for assessing digital literacy level. Four types of theoretical approaches are distinguished in the text: technical, cognitive, social and synthetic. On their basis, an extended understanding of digital literacy is constructed as a set of applied competencies to handle computer/smartphone software (including specific skills) substantiated by previous experience which allow an individual, group or community to solve emerging problems based on critical search, analysis as well as subsequent synthesis of network placed data. The second part of the article is devoted to approbation of the new Eurostat methodology for evaluating digital literacy on a Russian sample. The conclusion is made that the updated Eurostat approach does not quite adequately describe the level of Russians' digital literacy due to the specific realities in Russia: a special structure of the labor market and distinctive “market” of digital threats.
Russian Citizens on the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks and Social Optimism
Authors: Levashov Victor Konstantinovich , Grebenyak Oksana V.
Published: November 2024

Using sociological monitoring empirical data, the authors analyze the impact of the artificial neural networks and artificial intelligence development on the social moods of Russians under conditions of transforming labor market as a systemic social institution in the aspect of forming citizens' confidence in the future and optimistic image of that future. More than half of Russians today express their concerns about the artificial intelligence impact on the labor market closely related to the feeling of uncertainty and lack of confidence in the future. Citizens who express concerns for artificial intelligence impact on labor employment more often express negative attitudes and lack of optimism regarding their personal and country’s future. Growing pessimism is observed in general among respondents who receive information via the Internet and social networks.
On the question of fixing the national-language composition of the population in the All-Russian population census 2020–2021
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova Gulnara F. , Alòs i Font Hèctor
Published: November 2024

The article carries out a critical analysis of the quality of the results of the questions of the 2020–2021 Russian population census on nationality, native language, knowledge of Russian and other languages, and language use. The study reveals the uneven distribution of “non-answers” by regions, between urban and rural areas, and age groups. The interpretation of the published census results is hampered by the quality of answers, lack of distinction between non-answers and negative answers to questions, and questionable grouping of nationalities and languages. Therefore, it is not possible to use the results of Russian language proficiency and knowledge of other languages in several of Russia’s federal subjects. The situation is aggravated by a sharp increase in the number of non-responses to the questions on nationality and language in the 2020–2021 census compared to the previous censuses. This hinders the analysis of these questions of the 2020–2021 census and the understanding of the dynamics of national and language processes in Russia using census statistics.
The article reveals foreign experiences of conducting censuses and statistical survey of the national and linguistic sphere. Many countries resort to various methods (including the use of surveys as a source of census), ways of assessing national, cultural affiliation, knowledge and proficiency of languages, ensuring the efficiency of fieldwork, and evaluating the quality of census data. They pay more attention to the methodological support of the national and language block of the census.
The authors call for a balanced use of the results of the national and language issues of the 2020– 2021 Russian population census in research work and in decision-making in the government national policy, since national and language relations in Russia are very sensitive for the country’s numerous ethnic communities.
Trust as a Determinant of Subjective Well-Being in Russia
Authors: Antipina Olga N. , Krivitskaya Anna D.
Published: November 2024

The article considers social trust as a key element in the structure of social capital. Based on the results of international and Russian research, the role of trust in socioeconomic development and its impact on subjective life satisfaction is revealed. We discuss the circumstances of the “trust deficit” as a possible reason for Russia’s significant lag behind the leading countries in world happiness ratings. The data sources for our empirical research are the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) and the World Values Survey. In our empirical analysis, special attention is paid to overcoming the problem of endogeneity, which arises as a result of two-way causal relationships between trust and happiness. The hypothesis of a significant positive effect of generalized social trust on life satisfaction in Russia is confirmed by the results of econometric modelling. Our results fit into the broad context of international studies of the social capital impact on subjective assessments of the quality of life. Based on Russian data, we confirm the conclusion that the impact of increasing social capital on subjective well-being across the whole society is strongly positive. The conclusion of our work concerns the possibility of raising the subjective well-being of Russians by improving informal institutions by means of social trust strengthening.
Intraregional migration in Yakutia: causes and strategies of population behavior
Authors: Neustroeva Aiza B. , Barashkova Anastasia S.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the issues of intraregional migration through the prism of migration behavior strategies of the population, which mean the actions taken earlier by a migrant to change his place of residence, his attitudes and possible steps in the future. Based on the data of a sociological study and statistical indicators, the frequency of respondents’ relocations, the funds they used during the last move, and the composition of those who moved at the same time were analyzed. The differences between the regions of Yakutia in terms of the coefficient of migration mobility are revealed. The degree of severity of migration sentiments and its relationship with the length of residence of respondents in this settlement has been established. It is shown that the assessment of life circumstances underlies the reasons not only for the last move, but is a strong motive for making a decision to change the place of residence in the future. At the same time, differences in the behavior strategies of potential migrants are clearly visible, depending on the direction of relocation, the availability of social capital in a new place.
Temporal and Cross-Regional Variance in Environmental Protest Activity of Russians (2007–2021)
Authors: Semenov Andrei V. , Snarski Yaroslav A. , Tkacheva Tatiana Yu.
Published: November 2024

The environmental movement in Russia has been a most institutionalized form of collective action. Originating from the Soviet period and gaining momentum in late 1980s, it survived the 1990s’ dramatic transformations as well as the changes in political opportunity structure in the 2000–2010s. Extant scholarship on environmental activism in Russia has been largely focused on case-studies of regional mass-mobilization, such as environmental campaigns at Shiyes station in Archangelsk. The paper represents the first systematic study of cross-regional variance in environmental collective action in Russia. Drawing on three datasets, we trace the general evolution of environmental protests in the period from 2007 to 2021 and provide a typology of Russian regions. The latter allows us to classify Russian regions by intensity and sustainability of eco-mobilisation. We demonstrate that, despite narrowing opportunities, the intensity of environmental protests during the last decade has been on the rise. The typology allows us to describe the existing variance and suggest new questions on the nature and factors of environmental protest activity in Russian regions.
Sociological Theory in the Ural Region: History and Modernity
Authors: Zborovsky Garold E.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the process of formation and development of sociology, especially theoretical, in one of the most scientifically developed regions of the country – in the Urals. It shows the emergence of the sociological Urals in the period after the «second birth» and its development in the XX century GSU – the Great Sociological Urals. Special attention is paid to the role of the first generations of sociologists in the formation and development of its theoretical component in the region. Two main trends of theoretical sociology in the Urals are considered – the ascending one in the second half of the XX century and descending in the XXI century. An explanation of this process is offered. The conclusion is made about the need to find a way to save theoretical sociology.
Intergenerational differences in skills: human capital shift in contemporary Russia
Authors: Popov Dmitry S. , Strelnikova Anna V.
Published: November 2024

It is common in social sciences to measure human capital by using the single key indicator: number of years individuals spend on their formal education. This article clashes with this classical approach. With the support of the data from the Program for International Assessment of Adult Competence (PIAAC) it is shown that the deep socio-economic transformation in Russia at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries seriously affected measured in PIAAC skills (competences) of Russian respondents, while the average time spent on getting education in crisis, pre- and post-crisis periods remained approximately the same. As a result, the average level of measured skills among generations in our country and in the OECD countries differs significantly. The intergenerational difference in skills in Russian society cannot be explained by the number of years spent on education. It is proposed to look at the institution and the process of education as a historical one associated with historical events and bearing the imprint of these events.
The Russian-Ukrainian Conflict Disscussions in China’s Internet Space
Authors: Li Menglong , Han Muyan , Abdyraramanova Humay
Published: November 2024

The Russia-Ukraine conflict that started in 2022 has not changed the good development momentum of China-Russia relations. However, discussions about a large-scale confrontation between the West and Russia over Ukraine have also appeared in Chinese society. The choice between pro-Russia or pro-Ukraine positions has become a matter of debate. This article analyzes how Chinese Internet users react to news reports about the Russia-Ukraine conflict on two main video platforms – Douyin (Chinese version of TikTok) and Bilibili (Chinese video hosting similar to YouTube), which are the most popular in modern Chinese cyberspace. The number of views, likes and comments under popular videos on the topic of the Russia-Ukraine conflict is analyzed, and their thematic analysis is carried out. The conclusion is that since Chinese people generally support Russia as China’s strategic ally, pro-Russia views related to the Ukraine incident are absolutely dominant in China’s Internet space. Although there are also pro-Ukraine comments in online comments, they account for a small proportion.
Dynamics of ideals in contemporary Russia: а system analysis
Authors: Klupt Mikhail A.
Published: November 2024

The article considers the changes in Russian society and its ideals as a feedback system. Two strata of these changes are separated, a more dynamic and superficial formed by mass-media, and a more fundamental and inert one determined by specificity of civilization. Parallels are drawn between fascination of some western intellectuals with the Soviet reality of the 1930s and fascination in Russia of the 1990s with imaginary West, which are rooted in the bankruptcy of the former ideals. The concept of pendulum of ideals is introduced to analyze the changes in hierarchy of economic and non-economic ideals. This pendulum moved to its economic pole in Russia of the 1990th, but nowadays started, as polls show, to move towards its non-economic pole. This conclusion is confirmed by surveys conducted by the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM), which show that the share of respondents who consider themselves patriots increased from 57 per cent in 2006 to 84 per cent in 2023. In addition, as surveys show, volunteering is gaining in popularity, and importance of non-economic component of ideal family image is on the increase.
A.A. Gromyko and Security Policy: Helsinki compromise (to the 115th anniversary of A.A. Gromyko)
Authors: Sindeev A. A
Published: November 2024

The article continues the study of the role of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR A.A. Gromyko in the formation, development and maintenance of security policy, its principles and structural elements. The subject of the article is the research of the preparation, content and prospects of the development of the Helsinki Compromise. On August 1, 1975, this compromise was enshrined in the final act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The article consists of four sections. The first section is dedicated to the problem of the connections between the Western interpretation of progress and the possible influence on the Western world. This problem will be scientifically examined in further articles. In the second section, the author proves that the main task of A.A. Gromyko in 1975 was to agree on the compromise as quickly as possible and then to begin with the main directions of cooperation between states. In the third section, the author analyzes the content of the compromise. In addition, the most important peculiarity (no existence of a common and specific project for all countries) is highlighted. In the fourth section, the author characterizes A.A. Gromyko's ideas about the prospects of the development of the Helsinki compromise. What is new is the interpretation of the CSCE decisions in 1975, the interpretation of the meaning and contradictions in the Gromyko system. The sources of the article are published documents of the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany, the use of which can be explained methodologically. It was important for the author to conduct the analysis on the basis of the foreign partners' assessment of the statements made by the Soviet Foreign Minister during official negotiations (outer reflection). The author's reasoning should be understood in the context of his earlier article in the journal.
Intellectual Property Rights Protection Mechanisms Harmonization in the EAEU Preferential Trade Agreements
Authors: Onufrienko K. V
Published: November 2024

In this article, the subject of scientific interest is the need to harmonize the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) legal frameworks on the protection of intellectual property rights as the rapid economic development of states cannot be achieved without effective international cooperation. The theoretical significance of this work is comprised by establishing how effective the mechanism for protecting intellectual property rights in the EAEU is at the moment, and the practical significance is in suggesting ways to increase the effectiveness of such protection so that investors have additional guarantees of their rights’ protection. The research methodology is based on the formal dogmatic approach to the interpretation of existing regulatory material with elements of socio-legal research, which consists of evaluating the proposed legal novels at the viewpoint of their practical application, in particular, given the scale of international trade cooperation between the EAEU and the country in question, expressed by the means of the statistical data on foreign trade turnover for 2021. The main results of this study are proposals for drafting the preferential agreements of the EAEU, which is considered as a contribution to the scientific base of research on improving the regulatory frameworks of the EAEU and, from a practical point of view, will help to maximize the potential for cooperation between the EAEU and the states with which preferential agreements are concluded.
Gornotayozhnaya station of the far eastern branch of the Russian Academy of sciences: the first steps of the Oldest Academy’s institution in Russia’s far east
Authors: Kolyada Alexander S. , Berseneva Svetlana A. , Repsh Natalia V. , Belov Alexander N.
Published: November 2024

The early 1930s were marked by the organization of regional branches of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was established in 1932 and V. L. Komarov, a prominent botanist and future president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, had an important role in its creation. The first Academy’s institution in Russia’s Far East, however, was the Gornotayozhnaya Station that was founded under the auspices of the South Ussuri Branch of the Far Eastern Regional Research Institute in 1931 and became part of the Far Eastern Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1932. The article focuses on the first, the most difficult years of existence (1932–1936) of the Station. Despite poor living conditions and research facilities, the scientists had performed a number of studies, primarily on the flora and fauna of the newly established Ussuri Nature Reserve and its phytocenoses, clarified the taxonomy of some arboreal and shrubby species, and conducted phenological observations of the arboreal and herbaceous plants. An important part of their work was associated with botanical resource studies. The researchers studied medicinal plants (including the “root of life”, ginseng) as well as fodder, edible plants (primarily fruit and berries), ornamental plants and weeds. Zoological research focused on the pests of forest plants and crops, mainly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The results of scientific work carried out in 1932–1935 are reflected in the first volume of the “Proceedings of the Gornotayozhnaya Station”, published in 1936. A number of the Station’s researchers became prominent representatives of the national science. These include A. I. Kurentsov, G. E. Kurentsova, E. N. Klobukova-Alisova, Z. I. Gutnikova, Z. I. Luchnik and others.
Participation of French Mammalogists in the first international tHERIOLOGICAL congress (Moscow, June 6–12, 1974)
Authors: Vanisova Elena A.
Published: November 2024

The First International Theriological (Mammalogical) Congress that brought together about 1000 mammalogists from 30 countries across the world was held in Moscow fifty years ago, on June 6–12, 1974. Based on the materials from the fonds of the Congress Organizing Committee (Russian Academy of Sciences Archive. F. 1684), the article analyzes the preparation and conduct of this notable event and the participation of international mammalogists, primary French scientists, in this congress. Twenty five French participants from France had registered for the Congress, with 11 papers by French authors including 2 plenary presentations by F. Bourlière and J. Giban. The significance of the Congress as the first large-scale space for the mammalogists’ communication is also discussed. It is emphasized that the Congress participants had appreciated how well this international event was organized, which was reflected in numerous relevant publications, including the international ones.
V. S. Kozlov and his Tsifrar-diagrammometer
Authors: Zlatopolski Dmitrii M. , Shilov Valery V.
Published: November 2024

In the late 19th century a military statistician and a pioneers of the Russian cooperative movement, Viktor Semyonovich Kozlov (1842–1920), designed and built a unique mechanical analog computing device he named “tsifrar-diagrammometer”. It was intended for operational visual presentation of numerical results of observations, calculations, experiments, etc. (tsifrar) and for calculating their statistical characteristics (diagrammometer). At the 1889 Paris Exposition this device that represented Russia was awarded the bronze medal. Drawing on the archival records and the materials from the Russian and European periodicals, the history of the inventor’s work on this device is reconstructed for the first time and some facts from his biography are described. The authors also attempt to describe the design of the device and analyze the mechanism of its functioning. Since no sources contain a detailed description of the design with the diagrams, charts, etc. or the mechanism of its functioning while available information is often contradictory, the authors present their own version of the device’s description and operation. The tsifrar-diagrammometer aroused much interest among the most prominent Russian and French scientists of the time, including P. L. Chebyshev, D. I. Mendeleev, E. Lucas, and many others. They viewed Kozlov’s device as a forerunner of a future universal instrument for numerical data analysis and for discovering new laws of nature. The appraisals of the device by the contemporaries are also given and analyzed in the article.
Petrograd (Leningrad) physical and mathematical society in 1921–1930: science management, publishing activities, and international relations
Authors: Sinelnikova Elena F.
Published: November 2024

Drawing on the archival materials, the article examines the activities of the Petrograd (Leningrad) Physical and Mathematical Society in the 1920s, focusing on those concerned with research, science management, publishing and international relations. Despite its relatively short lifespan, the Society’s efforts proved to be very fruitful: regular meetings were held where scientific papers were presented and discussed, a dedicated scientific journal was published, and scientific links were maintained both domestically and internationally. Prominent Russian scientists took an active part in the Society’s activities, including Ya. V. Uspensky, V. I. Smirnov, B. N. Delone (Delaunay), G. M. Fikhtengol’ts (Fichtenholz), V. A. Steklov, A. A. Fridman (Friedmann), V. A. Fok (Fock), A. S. Besikovich, S. N. Bernshtein (Bernstein), Ya. D. Tamarkin, R. O. Kuzmin, N. I. Muskhelishvili, L. G. Loitsyansky, B. G. Galerkin. Society members attended international congresses and conferences, establishing and promoting important scientific contacts with foreign scientists and enhancing the worldwide authority of Soviet mathematicians and physicists. However, in 1930, the Society decided upon self-dissolution due to a number of reasons: introduction of new regulation aimed at the reorganization of scientific societies, the escalation of conflicts among the mathematical community, and the beginning of repressions against some mathematicians. Nevertheless the Petrograd (Leningrad) Physical and Mathematical Society had made a significant contribution to the advancement of physical and mathematical sciences in our country.
Study the Dynamics of the Transformation Processes for Nitrogen and Phosphorus Compounds in the Ecosystem of the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea using the Methods of Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Podgornyy K. A. , Dmitrieva O. A.
Published: November 2024

By using mathematical modeling methods, a systematic study of the interaction of hydrobiological, hydrochemical, hydrological and hydrophysical processes that occur in the ecosystem of the Vistula Lagoon (VL) of the Baltic Sea was carried out, taking into account the processes in the active layer of bottom sediments (BS). The features of the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, the turnover time and the components of the balance of compounds of biogenic elements in the VL ecosystem, as well as the degree of their temporal variability have been analyzed. It is shown that the variability of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the aquatic environment increases in spring and autumn periods. This is due to an increase in river flow into the lagoon and an increase in the level of external biogenic load on the water area of the VL. Model calculations of matter fluxes allow us to state that the inputs of dissolved organic and suspended matter into the lagoon from external sources and the removal to the Baltic Sea are important processes that significantly affect their content in the VL ecosystem. It has been established that under strong winds the process of sedimentation of suspensions can be largely blocked, and the intensity of BS resuspension can increase significantly. An analysis of the main qualitative and quantitative features of the nature of the temporal dynamics of the DON and DOP turnover times, as well as the mineral compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicates a close conjugation of the processes of transformation of dissolved organic and inorganic substances in the water of the VL. A quantitative assessment of the processes of consumption and excretion of compounds of biogenic elements by different groups of aquatic organisms has been performed, and the important role of heterotrophic bacterioplankton and protozoa in the processes of transformation of compounds of nutrients in the VL ecosystem has been shown. The model can be used to perform scenario modeling and analysis of possible changes in the VL ecosystem under changing climatic and anthropogenic conditions.
Genetic Features of the Bream Abramis brama from the Lake System of the Sebezhsky
National Park
Authors: Lobyrev F. S. , Semenova A. V. , Melnikova M. N. , Pivovarov E. A. , Pavlov S. D. , Khokhryakov V. R. , Kislitsa E. A.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, the analysis of the genetic variability of microsatellite DNA for five loci in the bream Abramis brama (L.) from lakes Sebezhskoye and Necheritsa of the Sebezhsky National Park, Sebezhsky district of the Pskov region, included in the lake system, was carried out. The results obtained demonstrate the uniformity of estimates of the genetic variability of bream in the lake system. Estimates of the allelic diversity of microsatellite loci and the expected heterozygosity of local bream groups did not differ significantly. The total genetic differentiation of bream was θ = 0.004. 95% CI (-0.01; 0.01) and was significantly insignificant. The population-genetic structure based on the studied multilocus genotypes has not been revealed by the Bayesian analysis method. The result indicate a high level of gene flow between local bream groupings and make it possible to assume the presence of a genetically unified panmixed population in the Sebezh lakes system.
Genetic Polymorphism and Differentiation of Populations of Sterlet Acipenser ruthenus (Acipenseridae) in the Lower Irtysh and Middle Ob Basins
Authors: Volosnikov G. I. , Zhigileva O. N. , Stafeeva A. A.
Published: November 2024

The article presents data on polymorphism of intermicrosatellite sequences in the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus of the lower reaches of the Irtysh River and the middle reaches of the Ob River. We assessed intra- and interpopulation variability and genetic differentiation of A. ruthenus and revealed a high ISSR polymorphism in the species from the central part of the Ob-Irtysh basin. The proportion of polymorphic amplicons was 0.966, genetic diversity was 0.355, and the average number of alleles per locus was 1.97. The highest polymorphism was typical for the sterlet from the Tobol River at the confluence with the Irtysh River. Genetic differentiation between the sterlet groups of the Irtysh and Ob rivers is well pronounced, the interpopulation component accounts for 42% of variability (Gst = 0.42), gene flow is limited (Nm = 0.67). The sterlet groups inhabiting the Lower Irtysh from the mouth of the Tobol River to the mouth of the Konda River do not differ genetically and form one population (Gst = 0.08–0.12, Nm = 3.76–5.55). The sterlet from the Irtysh River within the Vagay region is genetically different from the other Irtysh samples (Gst = 0.22, Nm = 1.68) and belongs to a different population group. The differentiation between samples of sterlet from the Ob basin is higher than between samples from the Irtysh basin. Groups of sterlet from the Ob River and the Yuganskaya Ob canal are genetically different (Gst = 0.30, Nm = 1.19) and form various subpopulations. Spawning migrations, as well as confinement to wintering pits, play a decisive role in the formation of the sterlet population structure in the studied part of the distribution area. The identified sterlet population groups should be considered as separate units of environmental and economic management.
The Complex of Steroid Hormones in Invertebrate Hydrobionts
Authors: Nikitina S. M. , Polunina J. J.
Published: November 2024

The presence of a complex of biologically active steroid compounds (BASC) – hydrocortisone, corticosterone, progesterone, testosterone and estrogens (vertebrate hormones) in invertebrate hydrobionts of different phylogenetic levels was revealed in the experiments. The features of the quantitative content of BASC in different organs/tissues of hydrobionts and their changes at different stages of development are shown. The level of BASC in organisms or their organs is largely due to their own steroidogenesis, but at the same time, organisms can accumulate exogenous steroid compounds. The adaptive role of ALS in some invertebrates in changing conditions of the aquatic environment has been found. The similarity of the concentration of steroid compounds in different groups of bionts leads to the idea of a certain “physiological constant” of this complex of compounds in all organisms.
The First Information on the Low Molecular Metabolom Lobelia dortmanna (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta) Growing in the Northwest of the Russian Federation
Authors: Chernova A. M. , Philippov D. A. , Kurashov E. A.
Published: November 2024

The low molecular weight metabolome (LMWM) of Lobelia dortmanna L. (Campanulaceae, Magnoliophyta), a relic aquatic macrophyte listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus, was studied for the first time using the GC/MS technique. It is a macrophyte that grows in oligotrophic lakes in the northwest of the Vologda Region, Russia. Thirteen major chemicals were among the 127 volatile low molecular weight organic compounds (VOCs) discovered, which accounted for 77.23% of the overall VOC content (198.75 µg/g dry plant weight). The main components of LMWM were carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons. The presence of a large number of biologically active metabolites with a high concentration in L. dortmanna LMWM may indicate a significant effect of this plant on the hydrobiocenoses of the littoral zone of oligotrophic lakes. Further research into the LMWM of aquatic macrophytes in oligotrophic lakes, a valuable renewable resource, is needed to assess the background characteristics of the natural environment for more effective monitoring of the ecological state of water bodies in the Russian Federation's North-West and the rational use of their biological resources.
Methodology of Production of Photo-Sensitive Elements on Ptsi Basis
Authors: Kerimov E. A.
Published: November 2024

Schottky barrier diodes based on PtSi-Si contact can be used as detectors for registration of radiation in the infrared spectral region. However, the quantum efficiency of such receivers is very low compared to photodetectors based on narrow-gap semiconductors and p-n junctions. To increase the quantum efficiency of Schottky receivers, as it will be shown below, they are made in the form of the so-called “optical cavity”, and the thickness of PtSi should not exceed 100 A0. For this purpose we have developed a technological mode of multilayer metallization to obtain thin PtSi-Si contacts.
N.I. Tolstoy and Slavo-Serbian Literature
Authors: Kretschmer Anna
Published: November 2024

With this paper we would like to pay hommage to N.I. Tolstoy´s research of the pre-standard Serbian literature. That topic, as usual within the broader context of Slavia Orthodoxa, has accompanied Tolstoy during almost the whole of his scientific activity. In this area his studies about the Slav(en)oserbian lierature are of particular relevance, because it is one of rather poorly studied periods of the Serbian cultural and language history. Slav(en)oserbian literature has been in use among the Serbs in Austria during the 2nd half ofthe 18supth/sup – 1st half of the 19supth/sup century. In our overview the focus will be on such themes and questions which are rather poorly researched in the conventional sources, while N. I. Tolstoy´s works are characterized by his systemic, descriptive, analytically approach to the matter. This approach includes non-lingusitic features of the corpus, too. To demonstrate it is the main purpose of this paper.
Alexander M. Fyodorov in the Works of Bulgarian Writer Stilian Chilingirov
Authors: Manolakev Hristo Petrov
Published: November 2024

On 26supth/sup December, 1919, the renowned Russian writer A.M. Fyodorov (1868–1949) fleeing the Bolshevik pogroms in Odessa, landed at the port of Varna. He stayed in Bulgaria for almost thirty years until the end of his life. It is only recently that his «Bulgarian years» began to be systematically studied. The memoirs of his Bulgarian friend, the writer Stilian Chilingirov, which were written in 1950 and specially dedicated to Fyodorov, have been the primary source of information for that studies. For the first time in science Chilingirov’s novel «Shinel bez pagoni» («A Greatcoat Without Epaulettes») (1928) is studied in connection with the biography of the Russian writer. The aim of the article is to reveal how two different genre works, a memoir and a novel, complementing each other, picture A.M. Fyodorov as a man and a writer. The thesis is that although rich in information, the works reveal Fyodorov only in the light of the Bulgarian experiences of his emigrant life, without drawing a detailed picture of his presence in Bulgaria.
On the Centenary of the Birth of Miroslav Yanakiev
Authors: Sedakova Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2024

Irina A. Sedakova. On the Centenary of the Birth of Miroslav Yanakiev
В. Ferenčuhová. Bohdan Pavlů: A Political Biography (1883–1938). Bratislava: VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences , 2021. 512 p.
Authors: Stankov Nikolay Nikolaevich
Published: November 2024

Nikolay N.Stankov. В. Ferenčuhová.Bohdan Pavlů: A Political Biography (1883–1938). Bratislava: VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 2021. 512 p.
Protomineral world as a new World of neglected dimensions
Authors: Askhabov А. М.
Published: November 2024

The paper is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of W. Ostwald’s birth and to the centenary of publishing of the Russian edition of his book «World of neglected dimensions», which changed ideas about micro- and nanoworld. We briefly observed results of the first and second stages of research breakthrough into the world of micro- and nanosized particles. This recently discovered understudied world between separate atoms and molecules and between minerals is called a protomineral world. This world is suggested to be called a new «World of neglected dimensions» by analogy with W. Ostwald’s book. The key objects of the protomineral world are precrystalization clusters in mineral-forming environments named «hidden» phase clusters or quatarons. We showed that the future investigation of structural forms of formation and existence of the protomineral matter would be connected with the use of the free electron laser and instruments of attosecond physics.
N-Cadherin — A Potential Target for Psychopharmacology
Authors: Firstova Y. Y. , Kovalev G. I.
Published: November 2024

Glycoprotein N-cadherin (Neuronal cadherin) belongs to the family of calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules, representing a key element that carries out intercellular contacts in brain neurons. However, it is involved not only in the mechanical connection of neurons, but also influences the specifics of the further development and functional state of the neuron. This is due to the active interaction of N-cadherin with many proteins at the pre- and post-synapse, initiating a cascade of reactions that provide such processes as long-term potentiation (underlying learning and memory), morphogenesis, neuronal recognition, activation of receptors (NMDA and AMPA types), regulation of cytoskeleton formation. This polyfunctionality is necessary for specific neurons to connect to each other in a certain way, and such adhesion leads to the coordination of cell behavior through intercellular signaling and spatio–temporal control of differential gene expression. Mutations in the genes responsible for the expression of N-cadherin lead to various disorders of the functional activity of the synapse and the processes of spatial orientation and memory. Thus, involvement in important neuroplastic processes regulating cognitive functions and behavior determines interest in studying the effect of drugs on N-cadherin. In particular, N-cadherin deserves closer consideration by pharmacologists as a potential target in the mechanism of action of various psychoactive substances.
Possible Mechanism for Perception of Auditory-Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia and Approaches to Their Weakening
Authors: Silkis I. G.
Published: November 2024

We put forward a hypothesis that the processing and perception of auditory-verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia — internally generated speech, occurs in the same neural circuits as speech from external sources. These topographically organized cortico—basal ganglia—thalamocortical neural circuits include auditory, language, and frontal neocortical areas. It follows from our proposed mechanism for sound processing, that the increased action on dopamine D2 receptors on striatal neurons, which is considered the cause of hallucinations, should lead to a determined reorganization of activity in these neural circuits. As a result of this reorganization, the inhibition of neurons in the thalamic nuclei, including the internal geniculate body, should decrease synergistically through the direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia, and the excitation of connected with them cortical neurons, in the activity of which speech is represented, should increase. From this mechanism it follows that in order to weaken the perception of auditory-verbal hallucinations, it is necessary to increase the inhibition of thalamic neurons. Taking into account the known data on the distribution of receptors of different types on neurons in the striatum, thalamus and neocortex, as well as the previously formulated unified modification rules for the effectiveness of synaptic transmission in different structures, we proposed that agonists of adenosine A1 and muscarinic M4 receptors located on striatonigral spiny cells, giving rise to a direct disinhibitory pathway through the basal ganglia as well as antagonists of delta-opioid and cannabinoid CB1 receptors, located on striatopallidal spiny cells, giving rise to an indirect inhibitory pathway through the basal ganglia may be useful to weaken the perception of hallucinations. In addition, activation of A1 receptors can directly weaken the activity of neurons in the thalamus and neocortex due to the induction of long-term depression in the efficiency of their excitation. Inactivation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors on the projection GABAergic cells of the reticular thalamic nucleus may enhance their inhibitory effect on neurons of different thalamic nuclei. Since the proposed substances only indirectly affect the dopaminergic system, their use should not cause such pronounced side effects as D2 receptor antagonists, antipsychotics that are widely used to suppress auditory-verbal hallucinations.