bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spelling Worktext and Performance of Grade 11 Students of Esperanza National High School
Authors: Imie M. Soquita MAT
Published: September 2021

This study examined the level of achievement in Spelling of the Grade 11 students of Esperanza National High School and acceptability of the Rule-based Spelling Worktext Module in helping the students improve their spelling competencies. It employed experimental design and utilized 50 students to the control group and 50 students to compose the experimental group. For the experimental group, the researcher used the Rule-based Spelling Worktext while Copy-Only Method was applied to the control group. After allotted weeks for spelling instruction, a post- test was conducted to see if there are significant differences on the performance of students in spelling in control and experimental groups. To solve, analyze and interpret the result of the study, percentages, mean, and z-test were used. Study showed that the acceptability level of the Rule-based Spelling Worktext based on its content, relevance and instructional aspect were all described as “Excellent.”  The z-test results showed that the spelling performance of the students from the control and experimental groups was the same in pre-test but not significantly the same in post-test. This implied that the experimental group of students showed significant improvement in the post-test than in control group. This improvement in their performance in spelling could be credited to the Rule-based Spelling Worktext which was used with the experimental group in teaching spelling.
XI Jornadas pedagógicas de otoño: memoria tomo I
Authors: Covarrubias Villa Héctor H. , Ubaldo Pérez Samuel
Published: September 2021

Las Jornadas Pedagógicas de Otoño son ya una tradición en la Licenciatura en Pedagogía en la Unidad Ajusco de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Constituyen una actividad extracurricular en la que alumnos, maestros, egresados y hasta académicos de otros programas curriculares y de otras instituciones educativas del país exponen pensamientos, experiencias, inquietudes y hasta resultados de proyectos de investigación relacionados con esta compleja labor que es la educación
Gestión de la educación básica: Referentes, reflexiones y experiencias de investigación
Authors: Guerra Mendoza Marcelino , Rivera Ferreiro Lucía , Hernández Ortiz Carmen Evelia , González Villarreal Roberto , Rivera Morales Alicia
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo refleja el resultado de las discusiones, el intercambio de puntos de vista y las reflexiones expresadas en un seminario, considerando que la mayor parte de la oferta de formación en gestión se concentra en el nivel de posgrado, el propósito central del seminario fue examinar enfoques teóricos y metodológicos recientes susceptibles de ser incorporados en la formación de profesionales de la educación a nivel licenciatura. En primera instancia se contiene distintos temas de orden conceptual e histórico que se considera pueden ser útiles para comprender el contexto político, económico y social que influye en el contenido y la forma en que se definen las políticas educativas para el nivel básico. Le complementa a la obra la presentación de reflexiones como resultado de investigaciones sobre problemas o asuntos relacionados con el campo de la gestión educativa.
La asesoría técnico pedagógica en educación básica: diagnóstico, pronóstico y alternativas
Authors: López Contreras Yolanda , Reyes Hernández Norma Sanjuana , Ozuna Martínez Elda , Culebro Tello Rafael Benjamín , Ruíz Esparza Javier Guerra , León Rodríguez Víctor Manuel
Published: September 2021

de Desarrollo del Gobierno Federal y el Programa Nacional de Educación a través de sus objetivos, estrategias y líneas de acción para garantizar el derecho a la educación de calidad. y a partir del Acuerdo para la Modernización de la Educación Básica en San Luis Potosí, en 1992, se ha experimentado un proceso permanente cuya preocupación central ha sido el fortalecimiento de la formación docente de los profesores en servicio. Ante esta necesidad surge la función de asesoría técnica pedagógica como una tarea privilegiada en la figura de los apoyos técnicos, los cuales asumen la responsabilidad de impartir cursos que después transmitirán al resto de los profesores en beneficio de la función docente.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN PREMI DAN HASIL UNDERWRITING TERHADAP LABA PADA PT ASURANSI JIWASRAYA (PERSERO) PERIODE 2008-2015
Authors: Juwita Rukmi , Rindiati Novia
Published: September 2021

Asuransi jiwa telah menjadi kebutuhan dalam kehidupan masyarakat modern saat ini. Di Indonesia permintaan asuransi jiwa terus bertumbuh sejalan dengan peningkatan pendapatan dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap pentingnya antisipasi risiko. Asuransi adalah lembaga penghimpun dana yang bersumber dari penerimaan premi asuransi dari masyarakat dan menyalurkannya dengan klaim. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh pendapatan premi dan hasil underwriting terhadap laba pada PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (Persero). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi yang digunakan yaitu laporan keuangan PT Asuransi Jiwasraya dari sejak berdiri sampai dengan sekarang yang diperoleh dari website PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 8 tahun yaitu tahun 2008-2015. Adapun teknis analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji normalitas, korelasi product moment, regresi linear sederhana, korelasi berganda, regresi linier berganda, koefisien determinasi, uji t dan uji F menggunakan software IBM SPSS 23.  Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa secara parsial untuk pendapatan premi terhadap laba dan hasil underwriting terhadap laba terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat dan signifikan. Secara simultan (bersama-sama) yang menunjukan hasil bahwa pendapatan premi dan hasil underwriting terdapat hubungan yang sangat signifikan terhadap laba dan bernilai positif.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PT IRON BIRD (BLUE BIRD GROUP)
Authors: Mulyanti Khairaningrum , Rahma Niken Asyiami
Published: September 2021

Good Corporate Governance atau tata kelola perusahaan adalah sistem yang mengatur dan mengendalikan perusahaan untuk menciptakan nilai tambah bagi setiap stakeholder. Laporan keuangan memiliki empat karakteristik kualitatif pokok yaitu, dapat dipahami, relevan, keandalan, dapat diperbandingkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Good Corporate Governance (GCG) di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group), mengetahui kualitas laporan keuangan di di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group), mengetahui kualitas laporan keuangan di di PT Iron Bird Logistics (Blue Bird Group). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji t, Uji Korelasi Spearman Rank, Uji koefisien Determinasi, Analisis Regresi Linear Sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara penerapan good corporate governance (X) terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan (Y).
PENGARUH PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI TERHADAP SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PADA PT PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN (PERSERO) Tbk
Authors: Fatmawati Ade Pipit
Published: September 2021

Sistem informasi akuntansi (SIA) adalah proses mengumpulkan, mencatat dan memproses data akuntansi menjadi informasi yang membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Sistem pengendalian internal (SPI) adalah meliputi struktur organisasi, metode dan ukuran – ukuran yang dikoordinasikan untuk menjaga kekayaan (aset) organisasi, mengecek keandalan data akuntansi, mendorong efisiensi dan mendorong dipatuhinya kebijakan manajemen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan sistem informasi akuntansi terhadap sistem pengendalian internal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Alat analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Uji Normalitas, Analisis Korelasi Sederhana (Rank Spearman), Analisis Regresi Linear Sederhana, Koefisien Determinasi dan Uji t. Untuk mengetahui hasil analisis data tersebut, peneliti menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Versi 24. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap sistem pengendalian internal pada PT Pembangunan Perumahan (Persero) Tbk.
PENGARUH SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT IRON BIRD LOGISTICS
Authors: Mulyanti Khairaningrum
Published: September 2021

Kinerja karyawan harus ditingkatkan secara terus menerus. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan diperlukan suatu sistem informasi akuntansi yang dapat membantu karyawan dalam menyelesaikan setiap pekerjaan dan menghasilkan informasi keuangan yang digunakan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan penting perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem informasi akuntansi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Iron Bird Logistics. Sampel berjumlah 40 karyawan yang menggunakan sistem informasi akuntansi. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, analisis korelasi spearman rank, analisis regresi sederhana, koefesien determinasi,uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Rastreamento do câncer de colo de útero em mulheres mineiras de 2012 –2015
Authors: Pereira Maria Vitória Souza , Vieira Renata Souza Leite
Published: September 2021

Objective: to analyze the results of the LSIL and HSIL screening from July 2012 to July 2015. Materials and Methods: descriptive study based on secondary data from SISCOLO.Results: In the period from June 2012 to July 2015, 2,451,607 cytopathological exams were performed in Minas Gerais, with 743,276, 2013 1,099,876 and 2014 608,455 in women aged 10 to over 64 years. Where, there is a deficit in data collection. The main cities that had the highest number of positive cases for LSIL and HSIL, we have Belo Horizonte, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros and Uberlândia, in both injuries, Belo Horizonte has the highest number of positive cases. Conclusion: there is a common age group between 25 and 34 years old with a high involvement of LSIL and HSIL
Muhasebe mesleğinde etik ilkelerin incelenmesi: Etik davranış üzerine bir model önerisi
Authors: Yenisu Ersin , Tanç Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Muhasebe mesleğinde etik konusu diğer mesleklerle karşılaştırıldığında daha fazla öneme sahiptir. Yapılan araştırmalara ve uygulama sahasına bakıldığında muhasebe meslek mensuplarının çalışma hayatlarında en az bir defa etik ikilem yaşadıkları görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki muhasebe çalışanlarının etik yargı konusuna yaklaşımlarını literatür taramasıyla incelemek ve etik ikilemin azaltılması hususunda öneriler sunmaktır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı bir analiz yöntemi kullanılmış ve konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayabilecek kuramsal bir model önerilmiştir. Önerilen modelin literatürden en önemli farklılığı bütüncül ve betimleyici bir model olmasıdır. Söz konusu model olan “Etik Davranışa Birleşik Alanlar Yaklaşımı (EDBAY)” modeli “ekonomik alan”, “sosyal alan”, “kültürel alan” ve “politik alan”dan oluşan toplumsal alanlar ile günümüzde giderek artan önemiyle “teknolojik alan”ın muhasebe meslek mensuplarının etik yargısı üzerindeki etkilerini bütünleşik bir şekilde ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. EDBAY modeline göre muhasebe meslek mensuplarının etik bağlılığı sadece bir nedenle açıklanamayıp çok yönlü değişkenlerle açıklanabilmektedir. EDBAY modeli muhasebe mesleğinde etik konusunu inceleyecek olan araştırmacılara farklı bakış açıları katabilir.
A Study on Cloud Methodology
Authors: Suganya S. , Hemamalini Mrs. U.
Published: September 2021

Cloud computing has received increasing interest from enterprises since its inception. With its innovative information technology (IT) services delivery model, cloud computing could add technical and strategic business value to enterprises. However, cloud computing poses highly concerning internal (e.g., Top management and experience) and external issues (e.g., regulations and standards). This paper presents a systematic literature review to explore the current key issues related to cloud computing adoption. This is achieved by reviewing 15 articles published about cloud computing adoption. Using the grounded theory approach, articles are classified into eight main categories: internal, external, evaluation, proof of concept, adoption decision, implementation and integration, IT governance, and confirmation. Then, the eight categories are divided into two abstract categories: cloud computing adoption factors and processes, where the former affects the latter. The results of this review indicate that enterprises face serious issues before they decide to adopt cloud computing. Based on the findings, the paper provides a future information system (research agenda to explore the previously under-investigated areas regarding cloud computing adoption factors and processes. This paper calls for further theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions to the research area of cloud computing adoption by enterprise.
Una reflexión en torno a Animación.es, una historia de la animación en España en una exposición
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz José Antonio , Viñolo Locubiche Samuel
Published: September 2021

El pasado 13 de junio de 2021 cerró sus puertas Animación.es: una historia en una exposición en la Imprenta Municipal de Madrid, la mayor muestra celebrada hasta el momento sobre la historia de la animación española y sus diferentes procesos de producción, una exposición que tuvo que enfrentarse a un contexto muy complicado, debido a las dificultades para ser visitada durante las restricciones a la movilidad ocasionadas por la pandemia de la COVID-19. El artículo se centra en el proceso de creación y planificación de la exposición, las numerosas dificultades a las que tuvo que hacer frente, y el impacto y necesidad de este tipo de propuestas en la difusión de la animación en España.
Ver para leer: una lectura diacrónica para los cruces entre manga, anime y literatura universal
Authors: Hernán Rosain Diego
Published: September 2021

Tanto el manga como, por su parte, el anime, han estado estrechamente relacionados con la literatura desde sus orígenes. Vinculados con la textualidad autóctona, lentamente se han ido expandiendo hasta incorporar libros de todo el mundo. En el siguiente artículo comenzaremos por trazar una línea de tiempo para determinar las características que los usos de la literatura en el manga y el anime han ido adquiriendo. Luego, propondremos una clasificación para abordar distintas producciones modernas que utilizan de modos variopintos los clásicos universales mundialmente reconocidos y que forman parte del canon establecido. Por último, ofreceremos, a modo de ejemplificación, el análisis de un anime particular desde el modelo descrito. Para ello, utilizaremos las herramientas brindadas por la historia cultural, por un lado, y las literaturas comparadas, por el otro, con el fin de generar nuevas herramientas para los futuros estudios literarios vinculados a la cultura japonesa de masas.
Mundos imaginados y videoclip: una aproximación a la integración de gráficos 3D animados para su implementación escénica
Authors: Vegas Molina Francisco
Published: September 2021

El videoclip como formato audiovisual publicitario suele ser sinónimo de efectismos, intertextualidad y marcos visuales complejos, funciones para las que sin duda se sirve de toda la vanguardia tecnológica de la que pueda disponer. Este artículo trata de analizar qué ventajas encuentra en la integración de modelos 3D animados para el desarrollo de mundos irreales como parte de su puesta en escena. Desde los primeros casos hasta la actualidad, se presenta una serie de ejemplos que sirven como muestra cronológica de la evolución de la animación 3D integrada en videoclip para concluir finalmente en sus aportaciones vinculadas a la relación escenografía/narración y a su idoneidad como nexo de unión con los marcos referenciales usados en el formato cinematográfico.
Factors Affecting Financial Reporting through the Internet (Internet Financial Reporting) in the Company's Website (Literature Study)
Authors: M. Siahaan Audrey , Arwi Waruwu Hesti , H. Sianipar Victor , Simanjuntak Oloan
Published: September 2021

The use of the internet in the business world has influenced the traditional form of presenting corporate information. In addition, the rapid development of the internet creates new ways for companies to communicate with investors. Companies use the internet to report financial information to investors, known as Internet Financial Reporting (IFR). Disclosure of data on the company's website is a signal from the company to outside parties, one of which is reliable financial information and will reduce uncertainty about the company's prospects. This article examines the effect of firm size, profitability, liquidity, type of industry, leverage, auditor reputation, age of listing, level of public ownership, and level of foreign ownership on the probability of companies implementing Internet Financial Reporting (IFR). The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of data from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The conclusion that can draw from this article is that the variables of profitability, firm size, liquidity, type of industry, auditor reputation, foreign ownership, and public ownership have a positive and significant effect on financial reporting practices via the internet (Internet Financial Reporting). While the leverage variable, listing age, was not proven to substantially impact financial reporting practices via the internet (Internet Financial Reporting).
Parents' Challenges of Home-Schooling Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Special Journey
Authors: M. Fadare Maria Cecilia , B. Carrera Bituin , A. Fadare Stephen , B. Paguia Daniel
Published: September 2021

This phenomenological research analysed the experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of parents in the home schooling of children with autism spectrum disorder in the City of San Fernando La Union. The participants were eight (8) parents with children clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder during the School Year 2020-2021. The data gathered using a semi-structured interview guide was thematically analysed. It was found that the participants were fully involved in the home-schooling of their children. Difficulties in the area of rules and authority, schedules and procedures, behaviour management, and parental worry and stress were the challenges encountered by the parents during the home education process. They addressed these transitional difficulties by capitalizing on a positive disposition, gaining support from family members, and through professional consultation. It was concluded that a renewed Parent-School Partnership is deemed necessary for the learning continuity of children with ASD. Based on these findings, the researchers have developed a thematic model which can be used as a guide to enhance home-schooling. In addition, a colloquium scheme as a support program was crafted to up skill parents’ home-schooling of children with ASD.
The Effects of Teacher’s Use of Interactional Strategies on EFL Students’ Speaking Performance
Authors: Thanh Nha Nguyen , Hoang Yen Phuong
Published: September 2021

This paper reports an experimental study to investigate whether Interactional Strategies (ISs) have any significant effects on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ speaking performance. The study is defined as amixed-method research with two research instruments namely speaking tests and semi-structured interviews.Twenty-five participants were divided into 2 groups namelya control group and an experimental group. Theintervention was implementedfor ten weeks. The findings show that there was no significant difference about speaking performance between the control group and the experimental group although there was a significant difference in oral performance mean score of the pre-test and post-test given to both groups. Moreover, the majority of the participants in the experimental group held positive attitudes toward the teacher’s use of ISs in improving their speaking performance. Implications for practical applications of Interactional Strategies are also presented.
Stock Valuation in Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Companies using the Discounted Cash Flow and Relative Valuation Methods in the 2013-2020 Period
Authors: Dalilah Afna , Hendrawan Riko
Published: September 2021

This research aims at calculating the fair value of shares of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data used in this research is historical data from the 2013-2020 financial statements, which are used as the basis for projections in 2021-2025. The method used in this research is Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method with Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) approach and Relative Valuation method with Price to Earning Ratio (PER) and Price to Book Value (PBV) approaches in three scenarios. The three scenarios used are the optimistic scenario (condition above industry growth), the moderate scenario (the most likely condition for the company), and the pessimistic scenario (the average condition of the industry). The results of the research showed that by using the DCF-FCFF method, KAEF and PYFA stocks experienced overvalued conditions in all scenarios. Meanwhile, KLBF and DVLA stocks were undervalued in all scenarios. Then, from the calculation of the Relative Valuation method, each company was still within the industry range in all scenarios. Overall, KAEF stocks were overvalued by 57.817%, KLBF stocks were undervalued by 7.879%, DVLA stocks were undervalued by 370.865%, and PYFA stocks were overvalued by 16.662% both in DCF method and in Relative Valuation method.
Factors for the Quality of the Brazilian Car Rental Service
Authors: Kim Jesus Gessica Mina , Cacsire Barriga Gladys Dorotea
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors that influence the quality of the car rental service in Brazil, from the perspective of customers. It is the first time that the main factors for the quality of the car rental service have been investigated considering the perspective of Brazilian customers. We adopted a survey based on a questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the binary logistic regression model. The main factors for the quality were: the company offers local maps and tourist information along with the car (odds ratio = 1.56); the company has cars adapted for people with special needs (odds ratio = 1.39); the company supplies cars with a choice of steering (odds ratio = 1.568); the company has employees that are well dressed and look good (odds ratio = 1.58); the company makes all tools and documents available (odds ratio = 1.75); and the company offers compensation if inconveniences arise for customers (odds ratio = 1.51). This study shows how companies can direct their efforts to reduce complaints and improve the satisfaction and quality of the car rental service in Brazil.
Impact of Public & Foreign Direct Investment on the Economy of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Kamrul , Khan Sabid , Haider Zareen
Published: September 2021

This paper is to investigate the impact of public investment and FDI on GDP growth of Bangladesh. The Gross Fixed Capital Formation represents public investment of our country and we have taken FDI (inflows) as the variable while the GDP is the dependent variable. The time series data has been included here, which will be kept stationary, followed by a regression. As public investment and FDI are the independent variables, it is expected that they both have a positive relation with the dependent variable. Although, FDI may have a negative relationship to the growth. The relationship of FDI with growth rate can be used to show whether a country is in scarce of capital or not. The objective is to identify the relationship of public investment and FDI to the growth and to what extent these investments have an impact on the growth rate. By showing the estimated relationship of FDI to the GDP or growth, we are going to know whether our country is capital abundant or labor abundant.
A Bounds Test Approach to the Evaluation of Non-Oil Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Nnamaka Uzoma Chidoka , Joyce Adaku Chukwuma - Ogbonna , Kingsley Odungweru
Published: September 2021

This study examined the relationship between non-oil exports and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2019 using ARDL/Bounds testing approach to analyse data sourced from the CBN statistical bulletin.The ADF stationary test showed that all the variables attained stationarity after first difference except gross domestic product which was stationary at levels.The bounds test confirmed the existence of a long run association amongst the variables in the model.Non-oil export and economic growth were positively related in both the long run and short run. While the long run revealed an insignificant relationship, a significant relationship was observed in the short run. Trade openness showed evidence of positive and insignificant relationship with economic growth both in the long run and in the short run period while exchange rate revealed a positive and significant relationship with economic growth both in the long run and in the short run period. The R2 value indicates that 58 percent of the systematic variation in economic growth is explained by non-oil export, trade openness and exchange rate in Nigeria over the period under study. Based on these results, the study recommends: the diversification of the productive base of the nation to boost domestic capital formation needed for investment, prudent utilization of borrowed funds to reduce poverty to the barest minimum and more efficient debt management strategies to ensure that borrowed funds are directed to more productive channels in the economy to stimulate growth and improve the living standard of people.
Development of Microcontroller Based Smart Grid Framework
Authors: Biswas Saurav
Published: September 2021

Smart grid technology has been recognized as a promising solution for the next-generation energy efficient electric power systems to mitigate energy crisis. Smart grid provides highly consistent and reliable services, efficient energy management practices, smart metering integration, automation and precision decision support systems and self-healing facilities. The smart power grid introduces a sensing, monitoring, and control system that provides end users with the cost of energy at any moment through real-time pricing. The classical power system operation has no control over the loads except in an emergency situation when a portion of the loads can be dropped as needed to balance the power grid generation with its loads. Furthermore, the smart power grid supplies the platform for the use of renewable energy sources that acts as a safeguard against a complete blackout of the interconnected power grid. In this work, all the concepts involved in smart grid mechanism is implemented with PIC18F452 microcontroller and other supplementary components. A solar module with storage capacity is connected to the proposed system for minimizing grid energy consumption and plays a primary energy source for maximum utilization of green energy. This intelligent device may inherently reduce the consumption of electrical energy during peak hours and allow consumers to sell back electricity into grid using bi-directional technique. Barriers, challenges, benefits and future trends regarding the technologies and the role of users have also been discussed in this paper.
Impact of Urban Regeneration Projects on Housing Neighbourhood Conditions in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyekwelu Ezinne Ifeoma , Ogbuefi Joseph Ugochukwu
Published: September 2021

The principal aim of this paper is to investigate the stakeholders’ perception on the impact of the Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project (LMDGP) on housing neighbourhood conditions in some selected areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are; to assess stakeholders’ perceptions on the impact of LMDGP on the housing neighbourhood conditions in the study area, and also to appraise the stakeholders’ perception on the factors militating against effective implementation of urban regeneration projects in the study area. The study adopts a survey approach by purposively administering questionnaires to 137 stakeholders comprising government agents, residents, and property investors. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined at a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.886. Out of the total 137 questionnaires that were distributed, 107 were retrieved giving a response rate of 78.1%. The data collected were analysed using weighted average score, WAS, standard deviation and principal component analysis, PCA. Results based on the stakeholders’ perception show that the housing conditions most significantly impacted by the urban regeneration projects in the study areas are; decline in traffic congestion, ease of access, and adequate street lighting; while the overall quality of life was not significantly impacted. Economic, market research and analysis, bureaucracy, land acquisition, lack of public participation, risks/no maintenance plan, delays in project execution, and policy initiatives/tax are the factors limiting effective implementation of urban regeneration projects.
The integration of computer aided design and finite element analysis tools using a logic based approach
Authors:   , De Beer Jason David
Published: September 2021

Today's powerful computer-aided engineering (CAE) products have reached ground breaking levels of sophistication when compared with the almost archaic technology used by our predecessors. Engineers are able to develop complex three-dimensional models, or virtual prototypes, using powerful 3D modelling capabilities, and from these models, generate manufacturing drawings, motion analysis models, and even finite element models.
An investigation into the feasibility of the use of an electrostatic technique for the measurement of mass flow rate of pneumatically conveyed solids
Authors:   , Hole Evan D.
Published: September 2021

This report details the findings of work carried out over the course of 1994 and 1995 to determine if it is feasible to use an electrostatic technique for the measurement of mass flow rate of pneumatically conveyed solids. This includes results from tests done on a flow rig and at various power stations.
Voluntary associations and trust in Finland
Authors: Kankainen Tomi
Published: September 2021

The international comparison shows that particularly in the Nordic countries, people participate in associations on a vast scale. However, it is also important to note that while the old politicalideological associations have lost some of their importance in Finland, several new kinds of associations have emerged. Thus it is relevant to ask whether connections between trust and association activity vary between different types of associations. Empirical analysis shows that the members of only certain types of associations – charity associations, sports associations, and cultural associations – were found to be more trusting after various background variables had been elaborated. It was found that, in particular, the number of association memberships has a connection with a stronger level of trust. Even though memberships in associations have a statistically significant link to the trust that people experience, the percentages of variance explained are low.
Aerosol effects on electrification and lightning discharges in a multicell thunderstorm simulated by the WRF-ELEC model
Authors: Sun Mengyu , Liu Dongxia , Qie Xiushu , Mansell Edward R. , Yair Yoav , Fierro Alexandre O. , Yuan Shanfeng , Chen Zhixiong , Wang Dongfang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. To investigate the effects of aerosols on lightning activity, the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with a two-moment bulk microphysical
scheme and bulk lightning model was employed to simulate a multicell
thunderstorm that occurred in the metropolitan Beijing area. The results
suggest that under polluted conditions lightning activity is significantly
enhanced during the developing and mature stages. Electrification and
lightning discharges within the thunderstorm show
characteristics distinguished by different aerosol conditions through microphysical
processes. Elevated aerosol loading increases the cloud droplets numbers,
the latent heat release, updraft and ice-phase particle number
concentrations. More charges in the upper level are carried by ice particles
and enhance the electrification process. A larger mean-mass radius of
graupel particles further increases non-inductive charging due to more
effective collisions. In the continental case where aerosol concentrations
are low, less latent heat is released in the upper parts and, as a consequence,
the updraft speed is weaker, leading to smaller concentrations of ice
particles, lower charging rates and fewer lightning discharges.
Persistent impacts of the 2018 drought on forest disturbance regimes in Europe
Authors: Senf Cornelius , Seidl Rupert
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Europe was affected by an extreme drought in 2018,
compounding with an extensive heat wave in the same and subsequent years.
Here we provide a first assessment of the impacts this compounding event had
on forest disturbance regimes in Europe. We find that the 2018 drought
caused unprecedented levels of forest disturbance across large parts of
Europe, persisting up to 2 years post-drought. The 2018 drought pushed
forest disturbance regimes in Europe to the edge of their past range of
variation, especially in central and eastern Europe. Increased levels of
forest disturbance were associated with low soil water availability in 2018
and were further modulated by high vapor pressure deficit from 2018 to 2020.
We also document the emergence of novel spatiotemporal disturbance patterns
following the 2018 drought (i.e., more and larger disturbances, occurring
with higher spatiotemporal autocorrelation) that will have long-lasting
impacts on forest structure and raise concerns about a potential loss of
forest resilience. We conclude that the 2018 drought had unprecedented
impacts on forest disturbance regimes in Europe, highlighting the urgent
need to adapt Europe's forests to a hotter and drier future with more
disturbance.
Modeling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories
Authors: Fischer Reint , Lobelle Delphine , Kooi Merel , Koelmans Albert , Onink Victor , Laufkötter Charlotte , Amaral-Zettler Linda , Yool Andrew , van Sebille Erik
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The fate of (micro)plastic particles in the open ocean is controlled by physical and biological processes. Here, we model the effects of biofouling on the subsurface vertical distribution of spherical, virtual plastic particles with radii of 0.01–1 mm. For the physics, four vertical velocity terms are included: advection, wind-driven mixing, tidally induced mixing, and the sinking velocity of the biofouled particle. For the biology, we simulate the attachment, growth and loss of algae on particles. We track 10,000 particles for one year in three different regions with distinct biological and physical properties: the low productivity region of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, the high productivity region of the Equatorial Pacific and the high mixing region of the Southern Ocean. The growth of biofilm mass in the euphotic zone and loss of mass below the euphotic zone result in the oscillatory behaviour of particles, where the larger (0.1–1.0 mm) particles have much shorter average oscillation lengths (< 10 days; 90th percentile) than the smaller (0.01–0.1 mm) particles (up to 130 days; 90th percentile). A subsurface maximum concentration occurs just below the mixed layer depth (around 30 m) in the Equatorial Pacific, which is most pronounced for larger particles (0.1–1.0 mm). This occurs since particles become neutrally buoyant when the processes affecting the settling velocity of the particle and the motion of the ocean are in equilibrium. Seasonal effects in the subtropical gyre result in particles sinking below the mixed layer depth only during spring blooms, but otherwise remaining within the mixed layer. The strong winds and deepest average mixed layer depth in the Southern Ocean (400 m) result in the deepest redistribution of particles (> 5000 m). Our results show that the vertical movement of particles is mainly affected by physical (wind-induced mixing) processes within the mixed layer and biological (biofilm) dynamics below the mixed layer. Furthermore, positively buoyant particles with radii of 0.01–1.0 mm can sink far below the euphotic zone and mixed layer in regions with high near-surface mixing or high biological activity. This work can easily be coupled to other models to simulate open-ocean biofouling dynamics, in order to reach a better understanding of where ocean (micro)plastic ends up.
Global nutrient cycling by commercially-targeted marine fish
Authors: Le Mézo Priscilla , Guiet Jérôme , Scherrer Kim , Bianchi Daniele , Galbraith Eric
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Throughout the course of their lives fish ingest food containing essential elements, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe). Some of these elements are retained in the fish body to build new biomass, which acts as a stored reservoir of nutrients, while the rest is excreted or egested, providing a recycling flux to water. Fishing activity has modified the fish biomass distribution worldwide and consequently may have altered fish-mediated nutrient cycling, but this possibility remains largely unassessed, mainly due to the difficulty of estimating global fish biomass and metabolic rates. Here we quantify the role of commercially-targeted marine fish between 10 g and 100 kg () in the cycling of N, P and Fe in the global ocean, and its change due to fishing activity, by using a global size-spectrum model of marine fish populations calibrated to observations of fish catches. Our results show that the amount of nutrients stored in the global pristine , biomass was generally small compared to the ambient surface nutrient concentrations but significant in the nutrient-poor regions of the world: the North Atlantic for P, the oligotrophic gyres for N and the High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) regions for Fe. Similarly, the rate of nutrient removed from the ocean through fishing is globally small compared to the inputs, but can be important locally especially for Fe in the equatorial Pacific and along the western margin of South America and Africa. This model allowed us to compute the spatial distribution of the cycling of elements by the biomass at pristine and global peak catch state, which is relatively small compared to the estimated primary production demand for nutrients and estimated export production of nutrients. Pristine cycling (excretion + egestion) accounted for less than 2.7 % of the primary productivity demand for N, P and Fe globally. Relative to the export of nutrients, modeled global pristine egestion represents on average 2.3 %, 3.0 % and 1.1–22 % for N, P and Fe (low-high estimates), respectively, with a higher fraction in the low-export oligotrophic tropical gyres. Our study highlights the role of the fraction of the icthyosphere (i.e. does not include non-commercial species such as mesopelagic fish) on nutrient storage and cycling, and the potential role of fishing activities on this cycling, which could be of importance in regions of low nutrient concentration, high fish biomass and/or high productivity demand, and especially at the more local scale for Fe.
A remote sensing-based dataset to characterize the ecosystem functioning and functional diversity in the Biosphere Reserve of Sierra Nevada (SE Spain)
Authors: Cazorla Beatriz P. , Cabello Javier , Reyes Andrés , Guirado Emilio , Peñas Julio , Pérez-Luque Antonio J. , Alcaraz-Segura Domingo
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Conservation Biology faces the challenge of safeguarding the ecosystem functions and ecological processes (water cycle, nutrients, energy flow, and community dynamics) that sustain the multiple facets of biodiversity. Characterization and evaluation of these processes and functions can be carried out through functional attributes or traits related to the exchanges of matter and energy between vegetation and the atmosphere. Based on this principle, satellite imagery can provide integrative spatiotemporal characterizations of ecosystem functions at local to global scales. Here, we provide a multi-temporal dataset at protected area level, that characterizes the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of ecosystem functioning in the Biosphere Reserve of Sierra Nevada (Spain), captured through the spectral vegetation index EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index, product MOD13Q1.006 from MODIS sensor) from 2001 to 2018. The database contains, at the annual scale, a synthetic map of Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) classes from three Ecosystem Functional Attributes (EFAs): i) descriptors of annual primary production, ii) seasonality, and iii) phenology of carbon gains. It also includes two ecosystem functional diversity indices derived from the above datasets: i) EFT richness, and ii) EFT rarity. Finally, it provides inter-annual summaries for all previous variables, i.e., their long-term means and inter-annual variabilities. The datasets are available in two open-source sites (PANGAEA: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.924792 (Cazorla et al., 2020a) and http://obsnev.es/apps/efts_SN.html). This dataset brings to scientists, managers, and the general public, valuable information on the first characterization of ecosystem functional diversity based on primary production developed in Sierra Nevada, a biodiversity hotspot in the Mediterranean basin, and an exceptional natural laboratory for ecological research within the Long-Term Social-Ecological Research (LTSER) network.
Earth System Model Parameter Adjustment Using a Green's Functions Approach
Authors: Strobach Ehud , Molod Andrea , Barahona Donifan , Trayanov Atanas , Menemenlis Dimitris , Forget Gael
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of using a Green's functions estimation approach for adjusting uncertain parameters in an Earth System Model (ESM). This estimation approach had previously been applied to an intermediate-complexity climate model and to individual ESM components, e.g., ocean, sea-ice, or carbon-cycle components. Here, the Green's functions approach is applied to a state-of-the-art ESM that comprises a global atmosphere-land configuration of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) coupled to an ocean and sea-ice configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Horizontal grid spacing is approximately 110 km for GEOS and 37–110 km for MITgcm. In addition to the reference GEOS-MITgcm simulation, we carry out a series of model sensitivity experiments, in which 20 uncertain parameters are perturbed. These control parameters can be used to adjust sea-ice, microphysics, turbulence, radiation, and surface schemes in the coupled simulation. We define eight observational targets: sea-ice fraction, net surface shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, near-surface temperature, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and ocean temperature and salinity at 300 m. We applied the Green's functions approach to optimize the values of the 20 control parameters so as to minimize a weighted least-squares distance between the model and the eight observational targets. The new experiment with the optimized parameters resulted in a total cost reduction of 9 % relative to a simulation that had already been adjusted using other methods. The optimized experiment attained a balanced cost reduction over most of the observational targets. We also report on results from a set of sensitivity experiments that are not used in the final optimized simulation but helped explore options and guided the optimization process. These experiments include an assessment of sensitivity to the number of control parameters and to the selection of observational targets and weights in the cost function. Based on these sensitivity experiments, we selected a specific definition for the cost function. The sensitivity experiments also revealed a decreasing overall cost as the number of control variables was increased. In summary, we recommend using the Green's functions estimation approach as an additional fine-tuning step in the model development process. The method is not a replacement for modelers' experience in choosing and adjusting sensitive model parameters. Instead, it is an additional practical and effective tool for carrying out final adjustments of uncertain ESM parameters.
Technical note: Unresolved aspects of the direct vapor equilibration method for stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H) of matrix-bound water: unifying protocols through empirical and mathematical scrutiny
Authors: Gralher Benjamin , Herbstritt Barbara , Weiler Markus
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The direct vapor equilibration laser spectrometry (DVE-LS) method has been developed for obtaining matrix-bound water stable isotope data in soils, the critical zone, and bedrock, deriving therefrom subsurface water flow and transport processes and, ultimately, characterizing, for example, groundwater recharge and vulnerability. Recently, DVE-LS has been increasingly adopted due to its possible high sample throughput, relative simplicity, and cost-efficiency. However, this has come at the cost of a non-unified standard operation protocol (SOP), and several contradictory suggestions regarding protocol details do exist which have not been resolved to date. Particularly, sample container material and equilibration times have not yet been agreed upon. Beside practical constraints, this often limits DVE-LS applicability to interpreting relative isotope dynamics instead of absolute values. It also prevents data comparability among studies or laboratories, and several previous comparisons of DVE-LS with other, more traditional approaches of water extraction and subsequent stable isotope analysis yielded significant discrepancies for various sample matrices and physical states. In a series of empirical tests, we scrutinized the controversial DVE-LS protocol details. Specifically, we tested 10 different easily available and cost-efficient inflatable bags previously employed or potentially suitable for DVE-LS sample collection and equilibration. In storage tests similar to the DVE-LS equilibration process but lasting several weeks, we quickly found heat-sealed bags made of laminated aluminum (Al) sheets to be superior by several orders of magnitude over more frequently used freezer bags in terms of evaporation safety and accompanying adverse isotope effects. For the first time, Al-laminated bags allow the applied equilibration time to be adapted exclusively to sample requirements instead of accepting reduced data quality in a trade-off with material shortcomings. Based on detailed physical considerations, we further describe how to calculate the minimum available container headspace and sample-contained liquid water volume and how their ratio affects analytical precision and accuracy. We are confident that these guidelines will expand DVE-LS applicability and improve data quality and comparability among studies and laboratories by contributing to a more unified, physically well-founded SOP based on more appropriate components.