bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of vegetative morphomatrix, productivity and economics of NA 7 aonla (Emblica officinalis) in different planting systems under rainfed conditions
Authors: SINGH A K , SINGH SANJAY , RAO V V APPA , HIWALE S S , JOSHI H K , MAKWANA P
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different planting systems and densities on plant growth and their relation to yield and quality attributes of NA 7 aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) during the years 2011-2013 under rainfed hot semi- arid ecosystem of western India. The present study contained 5 planting systems as treatments namely, square, hedgerow, double hedge row, cluster and paired system. Different planting systems significantly influenced the vegetative growth, yield and quality of fruits during both the years of experimentation. The highest plant height was noted in double hedgerow system (7.80 m) and the lowest in paired system (7.08 m). Consequently, the rootstock (59.82cm), scion girth (58.38 cm) and plant spread (6.99 cm) was measured maximum in square system of planting. However, these parameters were measured the lowest in double hedgerow followed by hedgerow and cluster planting systems. Result of study revealed that the mean yield/plant (110.24 kg) was recorded the highest in square but the yield/ha were recorded maximum in double hedgerow (225.90 q) followed by hedgerow (202.65 q) and cluster (170.37 q). During the experimentation, a considerable difference in yield over previous year was observed among the different planting systems. An increase in yield over square system by the rest of the system ranged between 83.8% - 132.39% being highest in double hedgerow and lowest in paired system, whereas per cent increase in yield in double hedgerow over other systems ranged between 26.44-132.39 being the maximum and minimum upon square and hedgerow systems of planting, respectively. There were significant differences amongst different planting system with regards to fruit physical and quality attributes. Among the different planting systems, the square system exhibited better values for physical qualities, whereas chemical attributes like TSS, total sugar, vitamin C and total phenols were observed maximum in double hedgerow planting system. The net economic return was computed with double hedgerow (₹192 270.00 and ₹ 243 035.00) followed by hedgerow (₹ 150 800.00 and ₹195 650) and it was minimum in square (₹ 83 950.00 and ₹ 107 605.00) system of planting.
Standardization of time of softwood grafting in mahua (Bassia latifolia) and khirni (Manilkara hexandra) under semi-arid environment of western India
Authors: SINGH SANJAY , SINGH A K
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted during consecutive years of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Central Horticultural Experiment Station (Central Institute for Arid Horticulture-ICAR), Vejalpur (Godhra), Panchmahal, Gujarat to standardize time of softwood grafting in mahua (Bassia latifolia Roxb.) and khirni (Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub.) under semi-arid environment of western India. Softwood grafting was carried out at monthly interval commencing from July to June during both the years. Sprouting was found to be the earliest in March (26 days in mahua and 27.4 days in khirni). Maximum time for bud sprouting was taken in the month of September (34.00 days) and November (33.50 days) in mahua and khirni respectively. The highest percentage of graft success was also noted in March, i.e. 70.00 % in mahua and 76.66 % in khirni, it was closely followed by July, August and June. Least percentage of success was noted in the month of September and November in mahua and khirni respectively. Length of sprout was also recorded highest in March after 180 days after grafting in both the crops (28 cm in mahua and 22 cm in khirni). Similar trend was recorded in respect of number and diameter of sprouts. Softwood grafted plants of mahua had higher number of leaves than khirni grafts, whereas it was found to be highest in the month of March in both the crops. Irrespective of scion and rootstock, the maximum accumulation of nitrogen and carbohydrate content was recorded in March, while it was found in lower concentration during December, January and February. Soft wood grafting in mahua may be followed during March, April and July, while March, July and August may be the appropriate time for grafting of khirni under semi-arid environment of western India.
Identification and characterization of microsatellites in ESTs of Rosa species: Insight in development of SSR markers
Authors: PANWAR SAPNA , SINGH KANWAR PAL , NAMITA NAMITA , SONAH HUMIRA , DESHMUKH RUPESH K , SHARMA T R
Published: August 2023

The present investigations were undertaken during the year 2012. In this study, analysis of microsatellites identified in expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Rosa species was performed. Entire set of ESTs for genus Rosa including 1 792 of Rosa chinensis, 5 495 of R.× hybrida and 1 849 of R. lucieae was retrieved from public database and assembled individually. Furthermore, 668 microsatellites (SSR) were identified in the 5 272 assembled ESTs in which di-nucleotide repeats were most frequent. The highest 55.2 percentage of di-nucleotide was identified in R. chinensis followed by R.× hybrida (50.1%) and R. lucieae (44.3%). Repeats with motif sequences AG/CT and AAG/CTT were observed as most frequent motifs. Moreover, SSRs were also identified in non-EST sequences available for the genus Rosa. The entire sequences were assembled together to develop non-redundant data that was subsequently used to design 293 SSR markers. Analysis of microsatellite and resource of SSR markers developed in present study will help for undertaking the molecular research in Rosa species.
Structural and functional modeling of protein in cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
Authors: JETHRA GEETIKA , CHOUDHARY SHARDA , SINGH PRIYANKA , ADWANY SHWETA , PANWAR ALKA
Published: August 2023

Emergence of in-silico techniques have revolutionized the traditional methods of protein structure and function prediction of proteins. These computational tools encouraged the development of protein models in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and have opened up new vistas in the area of research. In the present study, a high quality 3D structure and function of cumin RZ 19 protein have been predicted for the hypothetical amino acid sequence which showed homology with the protein domain of humans and E. coli illustrating that the database available on Apiaceae family is very low. The estimated molecular weight of identified cumin RZ 19 protein was 55028.6 and was predicted as an acidic protein with pI 5.14. Its functions are broadly classified into 2 categories: 1) Biological process: oxidationreduction and ion transport with a probability of 98.9% and 97.8% respectively and 2) Molecular function: structural constituent of ribosome with 99.0% and oxidoreductase activity with 98.7% probability. We have also identified a channel in cumin transmembrane protein, through which a ligand (an ion or a small molecule) might pass. The present finding may be a valuable addition to the proteomic information available on cumin. Further validation can be performed using wet lab experiments.
Planting method and tank-mix herbicides effects on weed management in garlic (Allium sativum)
Authors: HAJEBI ABDOLHAMID , DAS T K , VYAS A K , RANA D S
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute during 2012 and 2013 to investigate the effect of planting method and tank-mix herbicide application on weeds, and growth, yield and nutrient uptake of garlic (Allium sativa L.). It was observed that the flat (FB) and raised (Furrow-irrigated raised bed system; FIRBS) beds were comparable with each other on the density and dry weight of weeds, and plant height, yield and bulb diameter of garlic during both years. The pre-emergence tank-mix application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha was superior to all other herbicide treatments in reducing weed competition as well as the uptakes of N, P and K by weeds. The uptakes of N, P and K, and the bulb yield of garlic were considerably higher in weed-free check and the tank-mix pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha compared to other treatments. The pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + imazethapyr 0.075 kg/ha and weed-free check brought about increases in two-year mean garlic bulb yield by 244.4% (~2.4 times) and 264.2% (~2.6 times), respectively over weedy check.
Level of Lecturers’ Possessed Leadership Instructional Competencies in Implementing OTM Curriculum in Public Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State for Acquisition of Employability Skills Among Students
Authors: Ezenwafor Prof. Justina I. , Ukata Philip Festus
Published: August 2023

The study on level of lecturers’ possessed leadership instructional competencies in implementing OTM curriculum in tertiary institutions in Rivers State was necessitated by the need to ensure that students adequately acquire leadership skills for effective performance in employment upon graduation. One research question guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey research design was used in the study. Population of all 69 OTM lecturers in all five public tertiary institutions in Rivers State was studied without sampling because the size was not large. A five-point rating scale questionnaire containing 13 items with options of very high level, high level, moderate level, low level and very low level and validated by experts in the field was used for data collection. The instrument was administered to 20 OTM lecturers from the University of Uyo who were not part of the study population and measure of internal consistency method with Cronbach alpha was used to establish the reliability of the instrument which yielded a reliability coefficient value of 0.92. Sixty-five out of the 69 copies of instrument administered were retrieved and used for the study. The arithmetic mean was used to answer the research question while Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) and t-test were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. A Tukey Post Hoc Test of multiple comparisons was further conducted. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for data analysis. It was found among others that OTM lecturers possessed high level of leadership competencies for implementing the curriculum. Based on the findings, it was concluded that level of leadership competencies possessed by lecturers is not a causative factor to the lack of employability skills among OTM graduates from the institutions. It was, therefore, recommended among others that Heads of Departments of OTM programme should encourage l
Consignment Inventory System and Obsolescence Management in the Drilling Fluid Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Dr Ahunanya Valentine , Dr. Ovharhe Orugba Harry , Prof. Emenike C. Gladys , Prof. Otto Godly
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the consignment inventory system and obsolescence management in the drilling fluid firms in Nigeria. The study adopted cross sectional design and ex-post facto design. A total population of 9432 and sample size of 384 was determined using Taro Yamane Formula at 0.05 level of significance using purposive and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The 384 copies of questionnaire were administered, only 317 was deem fit after processing, retriever, coding and cleansing. The Split Half method was employed to determine the reliability of the instrument with Spearman Prophesy approach. Four research questions and four hypotheses were raised which was tested with Pearson Product Moment Correlationand Partial Correlation because of the bivariateand multivariate functionrespectively via SPSS 25 version. From the findings, consignment inventory system positively correlates with the obsolescence management. Hence, it was revealed that the alternate hypotheses were accepted. In conclusion, the explanatory variable has positive significant influence response variable. From the findings, maximum stock level, re-order stock level and minimum stock level expresses strong correlates on reactive and proactive obsolescence management in the short term and long term. It could be recommended that re-order level should only be implemented and demonstrated by the top management of the drilling fluid companies because of its complexity towards balancing the ordering cost and holding cost.
Light Entrepreneurship and Customer Funded Business Model
Authors: Dr. Ovharhe Orugba Harry , Dr. Okolo. Biriyai Samuel , Boma Dr. Woko Emmaunel , Lawrence Dr. Igbokwe
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the light entrepreneurship and customer funded business model among African Nations. The study adopted analytical cross sectional design and correlation design. Randomized quota of entrepreneurs practicing customer funded business with systemization of passion on light entrepreneurship from five were selected Africa Nations on basis of accidental sampling technique and quota sampling method. A total population of 1000 and sample size of 286 was determined using Slovin's Formula at 0.05 level of significance. The 286 copies of questionnaire were administered, only 257 was deem fit after processing, retriever, coding and cleansing. The Parallel reliability was used to determine the consistency of the instrument that results to 96.10 (0.961). Five research questions and five hypotheses were raised which was tested with non-parametric measurement using Kendall's tau_b because of its monotonic function via SPSS 25 version. From the findings, light entrepreneurship strongly correlates with the customer funded business model. Hence, passionate light entrepreneurs significantly facilitate the effectiveness and efficiency of match-maker, pay-in-advance, subscription, scarcity and service-to-product. Hence, it was revealed that the alternate hypotheses were accepted. Based on the findings and conclusion, this study contributes to the knowledge that passion is a vital code to assess the viability of light entrepreneurship in full scale. Light bulb and social entrepreneurs keep the fire of passion burning to avoid entrepreneurial exist. It could be recommended that light entrepreneurs should focus on their passion as drive to achieve their goals. More so, subscription, pay in advance and service to product and match making should be utilized in businesses with complexity in the long-term.
Peripheral venous insufficiency in nursing personnel
Authors: Ante Toaquiza Jefferson Alexander , Mejías Marianela
Published: August 2023

Introduction: peripheral venous insufficiency (PVI) occurs as a consequence of morphological and functional abnormalities presented by the veins of the lower limbs. Objective: to determine the causes for the development of peripheral venous insufficiency in nursing personnel. Methods: the research was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional, and was carried out in a public university in Ecuador. The sample consisted of 45 nursing professionals working in the health care and teaching areas. The selection was made by simple random sampling. Three instruments were applied: a general characteristics interview guide, a questionnaire to identify prolonged standing and a questionnaire to identify varicose veins. The data were processed with descriptive and percentage statistics. Results: 51 % were aged between 46 and 55 years, 42,2 % cared for up to 10 patients, 82 % remained standing for the longest time, 86,7 % (chose work as the place with the longest standing time and 93 % presented the symptom of pain. Conclusion: standing as the main cause and pain as the most frequent symptom
Alcohol consumption and academic performance in nursing students
Authors: Rosero Villalva Brayan Saúl , Mejías Marianela
Published: August 2023

Introduction: currently, the consumption of alcoholic beverages is considered a global public health problem that requires immediate and effective actions, and this problem has extended to the educational field. The main objective of this research was to analyze alcohol consumption and academic performance in students from the first to the seventh semesters of the nursing career in a public university in Ecuador.Methods: a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental and cross-sectional research was conducted. The sample consisted of 252 students. The MEDMAR and AUDIT questionnaires were applied. The SPSS and Excel statistical package was used for the processing and analysis of the information collected. Confidentiality and informed consent were guaranteed.Results: 11 students (4,4 %) are in the probable addiction group with very good academic performance, 20 (7,9 %) of the high-risk group of alcohol consumption have very good academic performance. It is evident that alcohol consumption has not affected academic performance.Conclusions: there is no significant relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance in nursing students at the public university of Ecuador. The results show that students with high risk of alcohol consumption and even those with probable addiction have very good and good performance
EVALUACIÓN DE INSECTICIDAS PARA CONTROL DE TRIPS Y ÁCAROS PLAGAS DEL MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) EN TIERRA CALIENTE, GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Authors: Duran Yuridia , Otero-Colina Gabriel , Ortega-Arenas Laura Delia , Arriola Padilla Vi­ctor Javier , Mora-Aguilera Jose Antonio , Damian-Nava Agusti­n , Garcia-Escamilla Paul
Published: August 2023

The mango crop is attacked by various pests, in Arcelia, Tierra Caliente, Guerrero, Mexico. Scale insects (Hemiptera) and thrips (Thysanoptera) were identified, the pesticides imidacloprid, spinosad, sulfur and mineral oil were tested against them, as well as their effect on fruit quality, using pest action thresholds. The thrips Frankliniella invasor appeared in the highest populations, but F. difficilis, F. occidentalis, F. fortissima, F. cephalica, Leptothrips macconnelli, L. bifurcatus and L. theobromae were also found. It was observed that mineral oil maintained the lowest populations and least damage in fruit; thrips species did not cause significant damage because they were seasonal pests that only occur when soft tissue is available in plants and once this tissue becomes unavailable populations diminish without the need of insecticides.  The mite Cisaberoptus kenyae was identified, which in high populations can cause crop damage; for its control sulfur yielded better results. The scale Milviscutulus mangiferae was present in very low populations. Treatment with mineral oil resulted in the highest quality fruits.
EVALUATION OF Cassia sieberiana (DC) AND Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) AGAINST Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) INFESTING STORED BAMBARA GROUNDNUT Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)
Authors: Kabir Baba Gana , Audu Abdullahi , Gambo Farouk M. , Bukar Baale
Published: August 2023

The insecticidal activity of Cassia sieberiana (DC) and Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) aqueous extract against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in treated bambara groundnut was evaluated under laboratory conditions (25 – 29°C and 56 – 70% r.h.). Seeds were treated separately at four concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8 ml/100g of seeds) of both plants aqueous extracts. Pirimiphos methyl applied at 8 mg a.i./kg was included as positive control. Data collected were adult mortality, number of adult progeny  (F1 and F2), percentage seed damage, percentage weight loss and germination capacity. Results showed that increasing concentration of both plant extracts and period of exposure to treated seeds significantly (P<0.05) increased adult mortality levels from 16.9±2.9 to 100%. Furthermore, both plant extracts applied at 8 ml/100 g of seeds were comparable to pirimiphos-methyl after 96 h of exposure. The plant extracts significantly (P<0.05) reduced number of adult progeny, percentage seed damage and percentage weight loss, which all progressively declined with increasing concentration from 2 to 8 ml. Both plant aqueous extracts had no effect on germination capacity of treated seeds. For all the parameters measured, the plant extracts tested showed significantly higher biological activity in treated seeds compared to the untreated control. The present results suggest that these plant aqueous extracts have the potential to control C. maculatus populations in stored bambara groundnut. 

 
LAMB FEEDING STRATEGIES DURING THE PRE-WEANING PERIOD IN INTENSIVE MEAT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Urbano Stela Antas , Ferreira Marcelo De Andrade , Rangel Adriano Henrique Do Nascimento , De Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais , De Andrade Rafael De Paula Xavier , Novaes Luciano Patto
Published: August 2023

The modern consumer of sheep meat requires uninterrupted market supply with qualitatively standardized meat, without excess fat and with high tenderness, which has encouraged producers to slaughter young sheep. A lamb’s diet during the pre-weaning phase was discussed in this review because it is of great importance for achieving success in a meat production system, given the high speed of lambs’ growth during their first weeks of life. Supplying palatable concentrate in creep-feeders from the first days of life promotes pre-stomach development and adapts the animal to a solid diet consumption; important processes for enhancing animal performance, since nutritional requirements, especially for energy, are high during this period and can only be met by milk for a short time. An early weaning technique can be adopted from 35 days old, when adequate nutritional support is provided. Unweaned lamb slaughtering combined with creep feeding and controlled feeding have superior effects to early abrupt weaning, probably by avoiding the adverse effects generated by post-weaning stress. The use of a milk replacer is seldom reported due to the difficulty in finding specific products for sheep and its high cost. Controlled suckling does not affect the performance of lambs. Further studies investigating lamb feeding strategies need to be developed during the pre-weaning period.
EFFECT OF SOAKED AND FERMENTED AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN (Parkia biglobosa) SEED MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Tamburawa M.S. , Ogundipe S.O. , Tegbe T.S.B. , Olugbemi T.S. , Makinde O.J.
Published: August 2023

African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seed is rich in protein and has recently found its way into the feed industry. This research was conducted to determine the growth performance, haematological profile and nutrient digestibility by broiler chickens fed diets containing soaked and fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) seed meal (SFALBSM). Five diets were formulated in which SFALSBM was included at graded levels of 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Two hundred and twenty five (225) day old broiler chickens (Marshall Strain) were fed these diets in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times with 15 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted 8 weeks (4week starter phase and 4week finisher phase). The results of performance of broiler chicks at starter phase showed there were differences (P<0.05) in final body weight (734.25 - 937.81 g) and total weight gain of birds (679.13 -898.31 g). T3 had the highest body gain compared to other treatments. Similarly, final body weight of broilers at finisher revealed that birds fed T3 and T4 (2786.14 g and 2686.14 g) were higher (P<0.05) than those fed other diets. Birds fed T5 had the lowest value (2312.73g). There were differences (P<0.05) in the feed conversion ratio (3.26 - 4.55) and feed cost per kilogram gain (222.33 - 316.70 N/kg gain). The best feed conversion ratio was observed on birds fed T3 diet. The results of blood analysis showed that there were differences (P < 0.05) in the packed cell volume (23.33 - 27.67 %), total glucose (129.22 - 161.01 mmol/l), and red blood cell (3.30 - 4.29 X106/l).  There were no effect (P >0.05) on digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ash. The crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen free extract digestibility were affected by treatments (P<0.05). Birds fed T3 had highest crude fibre digestibility value (P<0.05). It was concluded that soaked and fermented African locust bean seed meal can be included in broiler chickens diets up to 15% dietary level at the starter phase and 22.5% at the finisher phase without any adverse effect on performance, haematological profile and nutrient digestibility.
SHEDDING OF FRUITING STRUCTURES IN COTTON: FACTORS, COMPENSATION AND PREVENTION
Authors: Tariq Muhammad , Yasmeen Azra , Ahmad Shakeel , Hussain Nazim , Afzal Muhammad Naveed , Hasanuzzaman Mirza
Published: August 2023

The fruiting potential of advanced cotton cultivars is not a limiting factor for achieving yield targets but retention of squares and flowers for successful maturation into bolls is major challenge. In this article, we focused on why shedding occurs, its mechanism, yield losses, plant self-compensation, effects on plant growth and possible management to ameliorate its adverse effects. We concluded that it is quite unfair to blame single factor, instead it is an integrated effect of plant and stress factors i.e., high temperature, drought, thick plant stand, insects and diseases etc. contribute to accelerate shedding which ranges about 40-50%. The stresses induce the excessive production of degrading enzymes like pectinase, cellulose and hydrolase, while ethylene and abscisic acid is produced excessively to hasten the degradation process for shedding. The physiological disturbance contributes 7-35 and 42-64% abscission of unopened flowers and bolls, respectively. The square and flower are more frequent to shedding at high temperature compared to immature bolls. The flowers and boll shedding up to 30% is tolerable limit because cotton can recover yield provided weather support the crop later in season. The self-regulated abscission of floral parts is not easy to control under field conditions, however, the adverse effects of stress mediated shedding can be ameliorated with girdling and avoiding pest and stressful conditions, application of plant growth regulator (PGR) to control vegetative growth  and abscisic acid (abscission promoter) and ethylene inhibitors like naphthalene acetic acid, silver thiosulfate and 1-methylcyclopropene.
VARIEDADES DE CHILE (Capsicum annuum L.) IDENTIFICADAS MEDIANTE MARCADORES RAPD
Authors: Bobadilla-Larios Valeria , Esparza-Ibarra Edgar , Delgadillo-Ruiz Lucía , Gallegos-Flores Perla , Ayala-Lujan Jorge Luis
Published: August 2023

In Mexico there is a great diversity of species and varieties of chile with great cultural, gastronomic and economic importance. The domesticated species Capsicum annuum groups most of the cultivated types and is the most important in Mexico and the world; it is important to consider the genetic richness, therefore, there is a need to study it through molecular techniques of genetic analysis. For that reason, the objective was to analyze C. annuum varieties of free pollination and creole varieties among themselves, using RAPD markers (random amplified DNA polymorphism), to measure the efficiency of OPA primers and the detection of polymorphisms. Six varieties of C. annuum of the "ancho" and "mirasol" types we used, classified in free pollination and criollas varieties. The varieties they submitted to a RAPD analysis with the initiators OPA 02, OPA 11 and OPA 20. The results showed little variability between the six varieties of C. annuum and the dendogram showed two main groups, classifying them according to their technological level. Therefore, the RAPD are a useful tool in the detection of variation and have great power for the estimation of the genetic similarities in C. annuum.
CACERÍA Y APROVECHAMIENTO DEL VENADO COLA BLANCA POR INDÍGENAS MAYAS
Authors: Retana Guiascón Oscar Gustavo , Padilla-Paz S.E.
Published: August 2023

The objective of present study was to determine the current importance of hunting and use of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), as part of livelihood strategies in four Mayan communities: Nunkiní, Sahcabchén, Pich and Chencoh, all located in Campeche state, México. From March 2013 to September 2015, 215 structured interviews were conducted, recording three hunting modalities: opportunist, way o spy (espiadero) and drive hunting (batida); from which they hunt 33 wildlife species in Nunkiní village, 28 in Sahcabchén; 42 in Pich and 31 in Chencoh. According to analyzed data from Use Value Index (IVUs), O. virginianus had the highest importance in the four communities studied (IVUs=0.4-0.6) with seven products for eight purposes. Food, medicine, adornment and commerce are the most significant use categories for this species. The White-tailed deer hunting that is currently practiced by Mayan communities is part of their strategies of multiple use of animal resources; hence the diversified utilization of this deer is a diagnostic measure of the importance it has in the subsistence of indigenous communities in Campeche.
CARBON, NITROGEN AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN BIOGENIC AND PHYSICOGENIC AGGREGATES OF A SOIL WITH A 10-YEAR HISTORY OF SUCCESSIVE APPLICATIONS OF SWINE WASTE
Authors: Ventura Barbara Santos , Loss Arcângelo , Giumbelli Lucas Dupont , Ferreira Guilherme Wilbert , Bueno Alcenir Cláudio , Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério , Comin Jucinei José , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: August 2023

Applications of swine waste on the soil promote changes in soil aggregation pathways and, consequently, in the chemical attributes of these aggregates. This study aimed to evaluated the effects of different sources and amounts of swine waste on the levels of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C and N levels of humic substances (HSs) of the biogenic and physicogenic aggregates in an Ultisol with a history of applications of swine waste for 10 years. Undisturbed soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, in the treatments without application of waste (CONTROL), with the application of pig slurry (PS) and deep litter (DL) at doses equivalent to one and two times the nitrogen recommendation for maize and oats (PS1X, PS2X, DL1X and DL2X, respectively). The aggregates were separated according to the biogenic and physicogenic formation pathways. Subsequently, TOC, TN, as well as C and N of HSs were quantified: humin (C-HUM/N-HUM), humic acids (C-HAF/N-HAF) and fulvic acids (C-FAF/N-FAF). The application of DL increased the total C and N levels of the aggregates and of the HSs. The continuous application of swine waste have increased TOC, TN, C-HUM, C-HAF, and N-HUM in the biogenic aggregates when compared to physicogenic ones.
DIVERSIDAD GENETICA EN VARIEDADES PARTENOCARPICAS DE CALABAZA (Cucurbita pepo L.) MEDIANTE RAPD
Authors: Méndez-López Alonso , Sánchez-Vega Miriam , Villanueva-Verduzco Clemente , Rojas-Martínez Reyna Isabel , Rodríguez-Pagaza Yolanda
Published: August 2023

Parthenocarpy is the ability of the ovary to develop without the need for the stimulation of pollination so that the fruit forms and grows normally until physiological or commercial maturity. In this study, 46 parthenocarpic varieties of squash (Cucubita pepo L.) type round zucchini obtained at the Autonomous University of Chapingo were analyzed, the objective was to identify the diversity and genetic variability existing between the varieties and obtain the corresponding genetic fingerprints. Molecular markers type RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) were used, in which 14 primers of the Operon series A were tested, of which five were selected associated to a total of 44 loci. 84.1% of the loci were polymorphic, among the parthenocarpic varieties, this indicated few genetic variability. The dendrogram of genetic similarity yielded five groupings, the genetic distance was very close to one, with a range of 0.6573 and 0.9770, indicating that they are highly genetically related varieties; this genetic variation between loci was expressed with 95.45% of the polymorphism. The genotypes studied provide a valuable source of parthenocarpy base for the genetic improvement of zucchini for vegetables that do not require stimulation of pollination to develop, suitable for production under cover.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SOUTH AMERICA DOMESTIC GUINEA PIG USING MOLECULAR MARKERS
Authors: Aviles-Esquivel Diana Fernanda , Martínez Amparo Maria , Landi Vincenzo , Álvarez Luz Angela , Stemmer Angelica , Gómez-Urviola Nílton , Delgado Juan Vicente
Published: August 2023

Twenty specific primers were used to define the genetic diversity and structure of the domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The samples were collected from the Andean countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia). In addition, samples from Spain were used as an out-group for topological trees. The microsatellite markers were used and showed a high polymorphic content (PIC) 0.750, and heterozygosity values indicated microsatellites are highly informative. The genetic variability in populations of guinea pigs from Andean countries was (He: 0.791; Ho: 0.710), the average number of alleles was high (8.67). A deficit of heterozygotes (FIS: 0.153; p<0.05) was detected. Through the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) no significant differences were found among the guinea pigs of the Andean countries (FST: 2.9%); however a genetic differentiation of 16.67% between South American populations and the population from Spain was detected. A poor genetic structure was found among the Andean countries with high genetic variability. The results suggest that it is necessary to take urgent measures to prevent further genetic erosion of native guinea pigs in the Andean countries with plans for recovery and conservation of this important genetic resource in South America.
WASTES OF AGROINDUSTRY AN ALTERNATIVE TO DEVELOP BIOPREPARATES WITH PROBIOTIC CAPACITY
Authors: Miranda-Yuquilema J.E. , Marin-Cárdenas A. , Valle-Cepeda Angélica , Barros-Rodríguez M. , Marrero-Suárez L.I. , Hidalgo-Almeida L. , Rivera-Guerra V.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize three candidate microbial cultures for veterinary probiotics, developed in different substrates on agro-industry wastes. A selection of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, Streptoccus thermophillus) and yeasts of Kluyveromyces fragilis (L-4 UCLV) were used to develop probiotic preparations. The substrates chosen were: molasses (as a source of carbohydrates) and soy milk, whey, torula yeast and orange vinasse (as a source of protein) to obtain a high number of microorganisms and levels of organic acids. The substrates under study were composed of: T1, molasses and soy milk. T2, buttermilk more torula yeast and molasses. T3, orange vinasse and molasses. All the variables were incubated for 24 at 37 ° C. Dry matter, crude and true protein, ether extract, ash, viability and microbial concentration were determined in all treatments (T1, T2 and T3). At the time of incubation, the pH values of all the treatments were lower than 4.22 and at 24 hours it was reduced to 3.86. The values of the dry material and ether extract were higher (P<0.05) in T1; the crude and true protein was higher (P<0.05) in T2; whereas, ash was higher (P<0.05) in T3. But for all the variables the microbial concentration and the viability was higher than 93% and 7.7x107 cfu/mL respectively. The results of the present study showed that byproducts such as: molasses, soy milk, whey, milk yeast and orange vinasse are suitable substrates to develop microorganisms with probiotic capacity and obtain an acceptable probiotic for veterinary use.
COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO DE DOCE HÍBRIDOS TRILINEALES DE MAÍZ PARA FORRAJE EN UNA REGIÓN TROPICAL SECA
Authors: Rivas Jacobo Marco Antonio , Carballo Carballo Aquiles , Quero Carrillo Adrián Raymundo , Hernández Garay Alfonso , Vaquera Huerta Humberto , Rivas Zarco Efraín Charint , Rivas Zarco Maritza Arcelia , Rivas Zarco Erik Jacksiel
Published: August 2023

Twelve threelineal corn hybrids and one commercial variety were evaluated at Ahuacatlán, Nayarit; distance between furrows was 75 cm and a seed every 15 cm. Fertilizer was applied at one dosagee of 160-60-00. Treatments were evaluated at a developmental stage of ¾ milk line. Data was analyzed through a randomized complete block design. The best total dry matter yield hybrids included HT-5, HT-12, HT-4, and HT-10: 32.8, 28.4, 28.4 and 27.6 t ha-1, respectively. For leaves dry matter these were HT-6, HT-1, HT-5, HT-9, HT-10, and HT-8: 5.7, 5.3, 5.3, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.0 t ha-1, respectively, for corn ears production HT-10, HT-8, HT-12, HT-6, HT-1, HT-4, and HT-5, with 8.9, 8.9, 8.6, 8.6, 8.6, 8.5, and 8.5 t ha-1, respectively. For stem dry matter HT-5, HT-4, HT-12 and, HT -10: 19.1, 15.4, 15.4, and 13.6 t ha-1, respectively. Three different groups were well defined for anthesis stage: 1) from 91 to 95 days: placebo, HT-5 and HT-7; 2) 86 to 90 days HT-2, HT-9, HT-10, HT-11, HT-6, HT-8, and HT-1, and 3) 80 to 85 days: HT-3, HT-12, and HT-4. Leaf percentage ranged from 16 to 22%, stem from 26 to 35%, and corn ear production from 43 to 58%.  It is concluded that the evaluated hybrids showed variability for leaf, stem and corn, which will allow to select, in breeding programs, directly on the impact of forage production attributes. Contrary to stem, the leaf represented a lower percentage of components of the plant and a high positive correlation was observed between the stem: plant relationship with stem dry matter yield and dry matter yield.
Antimalarial dihydrochalcone isolated from Artocarpus sericicarpus Jarret leaves and in silico investigation against falcipain-2 protein
Authors: Tumewu Lidya , Ilmi Hilkatul , Saputri Ratih Dewi , Sari Defi Kartika , Permanasari Adita Ayu , Nisa Hanifah Khairun , Maulana Saipul , Tjahjandarie Tjitjik Srie , Tanjung Mulyadi , Osman Che Puteh , Ismail Nor Hadiani , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Hafid Achmad Fuad
Published: August 2023

Aims: To investigate the potential antimalarial plant belonging to the Artocarpus genus, Artocarpus sericicarpus, and isolate the antimalarial active compound from leaves extract. Methods: The isolation of the antimalarial compound was based on bioassay-guided isolation. The compound isolation was conducted by chromatography and identified using spectroscopic techniques, including 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR. The compound was tested for its antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and evaluated for cytotoxicity using several cell lines, including Huh7, HepG2, BHK-21, and Vero cells. In silico investigation of the compound against falcipain-2 protein was conducted as well. Results: Fractionation and purification of dichloromethane leaves extract led to the isolation of a dihydrochalcone compound identified as 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]propan-1-one. The dihydrochalcone compound exhibited antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 34.80 µM. Cytotoxicity test revealed CC50 values of the compound were more than 20 µg/mL, and the selectivity indexes (SI) were 4.50, 5.52, 3.02, and 6.68 on Huh7, HepG2, BHK-21, and Vero cells, respectively. The CC50 and SI indicated the nontoxic criteria of the compound. In silico investigation showed that the compound could bind to the falcipain-2 active sites. Conclusions: The dihydrochalcone compound identified as 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenyl]propan-1-one was isolated from Artocarpus sericicarpus leaves extract showed antimalarial activity and the ability to bind to the falcipain-2 active sites on in silico investigation.
Evaluation of Shifted-Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy and Comparison to Ordinary Portable Raman Spectroscopy in Identification of Seized Drugs
Authors: Zhao Ling-yu , Wu Guo-ping , Wu Yuan-zhao
Published: August 2023

Rapid and accurate identification and detection of illicit drugs are important for combating drug crimes. As a newly developed technology, shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) can greatly reduce the interference caused by fluorescence and improve the potential of Raman for distinguishing drug compounds in seized samples with fluorescent additives. In this work, 43 random seized drugs were scanned and analyzed by both SERDS and ordinary portable Raman spectrometers for the first time. The detected results of two Raman technologies were confirmed with gas chromatographic mass spectrometry test results, and compared in detail in the aspects of detection rate and matching accuracy. SERDS had significant advantages in eliminating fluorescence interference with a very high detection rate of 93.0%, compared with 53.3% obtained by an ordinary Raman spectrometer, although the ordinary Raman spectrometer analyzed the composition of multi-component mixed samples with higher accuracy. To some extent, the two Raman spectrometers realized functional complementarity, and a rational use of the two types of Raman spectrometers may be of benefit in the rapid detection of seized drugs.
THE EFFECT OF TREFFINGER, LAPS-HEURISTIC MODELS, AND MOTIVATION ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Fahmi Hasrul , Nasir Muhammad
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted with Quantitave research aimed to find out the students’ writing achievement taught by using Treffingers’ Learning Model and LAPS Heuristic Model and also to find out the students’ writing achievement with high and low motivation. The method of this research used was experimental research with factorial design 2x2. The sample of this study was XI IPA of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Lhokseumawe, which consisted of 36 students XI IPA, the sample was applied by random sampling technique. The instruments of this study were obtained by writing test and questionnaire sheet. The summary of post-test data description in each group of learning model showed in statistical is Treffingers’ Learning Model = 17.50 and LAPS Heuristic = 16.03. So, Treffingers’ Learning Model (17.50) > (16.03) LAPS Heuristic Model. Then, the data were analyzed by using ANOVA test at the level of significant ? = 0,05. Based on the data analysis, the findings proved that the students’ writing achievement taught by using Treffingers’ Learning Model was higher than that taught by using LAPS Heuristic Model, with Fobs (20.13) > Ftab (3.13).
Cryptocurrencies Responses to the Covid-19 Waves
Authors: AMRI AMAMOU Souhir
Published: August 2023

Pandemics are not new and have occurred at different stages in human history (Ferguson et al. 2020). However, their impacts on financial markets are different and sometimes divergent. The market's sensitivity to these crises can provoke unexpected responses and sometimes disclose the precariousness of a market considered a riskless or safe haven. Covid-19 crises are still one of the most disturbing health crises of this decade. Starting in china, this pandemic spread rapidly to threaten the whole globe, which explains the global interest in studying its impact on economic and financial stability around the world, especially that, Goodell and Goutte (2020) highlights that this virus is inflicting unprecedented global destructive economic damage.The research focuses on cryptocurrency's market sensitivity to the pandemic framework. This market arouses the researcher's interest in their apparition. This interest arises with the emergence of Covid-19 since the end of 2019. Moreover, the analysis of the cryptocurrency market's sensitivity in a health crisis is a first since the emergence of this market whose could challenge its performance. Empirically, the research adopts an econometric approach based on the DCC-EGarch model to analyze the dynamic relationship between the Covid-19 and the cryptocurrency market volume of transaction evolution. It presents, to the best of our knowledge, an unprecedented empirical investigation of the pandemic second wave's impact on the dynamic relationship between Covid-19 cases and cryptocurrencies transaction volume. The remainder of the paper is as follows. We start with a literature review. We pass them to the data and the applied methodology. Finally, we describe the empirical results and conclude.
Introduction to the Sub-Interval Analysis. Part 2: Sub-Interval Images. Big Data
Authors: HARIN Alexander
Published: August 2023

A sub-interval analysis (SI analysis or SI-analysis or S-I analysis or SIA or S-IA) is a new field or direction of applied mathematical research. It deals with properties of entire intervals and their sub-intervals without considering the insides of the sub-intervals. That is each sub-interval can be represented by only three quantities: by the two coordinates and one weight. This can evidently ease and simplify some considerations and calculations. The S-IA can be developed both as a pure mathematical and mainly as an applied research, in particular in the field of economics. For example, reporting periods in accounting and audit can evidently be considered as some sub-intervals. If this entire interval is a one-dimensional smooth schedule, then these sub-intervals can represent a one-dimensional stepped sub-interval image. If this entire interval is a two-dimensional smooth picture, then these sub-intervals can represent a two-dimensional stepped sub-interval image. 
About the Governance Efficiency of Agricultural Farms. The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: BACHEV Hrabrin
Published: August 2023

The New Institutional Economics framework is incorporated and a practical approach for assessing the level and factors of governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms suggested. The evaluation is made on the basis of original micro-data collected by the managers of typical farms of different type and location. The "Nature of the problems in effective organization for major class farm transactions for securing needed factors of production and output marketing" is used as an indicator for the comparative efficiency and adaptability of individual farms. The study found that the governance efficiency of farms is at a Good level but 60% of all holdings are with a Low efficiency. Major factors for inferior governance efficiency of farms are unsatisfactory efficiency in supply of necessary labor, innovations and know-how, and funding. There is a huge variation in the level and factors of governance efficiency of farms with different juridical types and sizes as well as in the share of farms with different levels of efficiency in each group. A strong correlation is found between the level of governance efficiency of farms, and diverse critical internal and external market, technological, institutional, personal, etc. factors. There is a big discrepancy between the “new” assessment of Governance efficiency with dominating traditional approaches for farm efficiency assessments based on factors' productivity. There was an improvement in the overall governance efficiency of farms during 2016-2020 but the share of efficient farms significantly declined during the period. Copyright© 2022 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Marshall Lerner Condition for Money Demand
Authors: SACCAL Alessandro
Published: August 2023

This article derives a twofold Marshall Lerner condition for money demand such that the current account may increase or decrease upon respective decrements or increments in the real exchange rate. This is noteworthy because the historic Marshall Lerner condition is such that the current account increases on account of a depreciation in the real exchange rate, yet, the current account also increases if the real exchange rate appreciates: the seeming contradiction is resolved by realizing that the current account respectively increases on account of a fundamental increment in (i) the real money supply and (ii) money demand, which increments respectively affect the real exchange rate in terms of a depreciation and an appreciation, concomitantly. The explanation advanced by the historic Marshall Lerner condition is therefore incomplete or superficial, if not ultimately misleading: the problem is hereby rectified.Copyright© 2022 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.