bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD20 and CD19 promote proliferation driven by the IgM-TLR9-L265P MyD88 complex
Authors: Kobayashi Yohei , Sato Ryota , Shimizu Yuri , Fukui Ryutaro , Shibata Takuma , Tsukamoto Hiroki , Tsubata Takeshi , Miyake Kensuke
Published: January 2025

The cancer driver mutation L265P MyD88 is found in approximately 30 % of cases in the activated B cell-like subgroup of diffuse large B cell-like lymphoma (ABC DLBCL). L265P MyD88 forms a complex with TLR9 and IgM, referred to as the My-T-BCR complex, to drive proliferation. We here show that the B cell surface molecules CD19 and CD20 enhance proliferation mediated by the My-T-BCR complex. Using the IL-3-dependent Ba/F3 line transduced to express the IgM complex (IgM, CD79a, and CD79b) and TLR9, we observed proliferation in the presence of anti-IgM antibody and the TLR9 ligand CpG-B. TLR9 was constitutively associated with IgM and L252P MyD88. CD19 promoted proliferation with anti-IgM and CpG-B specifically in L252P MyD88-expressing Ba/F3 cells, while CD20 enhanced the proliferation in both wild-type- and L252P MyD88-expressing Ba/F3 cells. Additionally, CD20 uniquely enabled IgM-mediated proliferation in L252P MyD88-expressing Ba/F3 cells. Although CpG-B was not required for this proliferation, TLR9 expression remained indispensable. In the ABC DLBCL line TMD8, anti-IgM Ab mediated growth was impaired by the lack of CD20 and CD19 or of TLR9. Mechanistically, CD19 promoted IgM-dependent AKT phosphorylation, whereas CD20 increased expression of cell surface IgM, thereby enhancing the formation of the IgM-TLR9 complex. These findings suggest that CD19 and CD20 differentially contribute to the proliferation driven by the My-T-BCR complex.
Motility genes are associated with the occurrence of Drosophila melanogaster-associated gut microbes
Authors: Bhandari Rishi , Robbins Caleb J , Arora Arinder K , Chaston John M , Kang David S
Published: January 2025

Recent work highlighted the role of motility genes in dispersing fly-associated microbes and their spread between hosts. We investigated whether bacterial genes encoding motility are associated with the occurrence of bacteria above passive dispersal levels in the gut of wild Drosophila melanogaster. We revisited 16S amplicon and shotgun metagenome data of wild flies and correlated four genera of bacteria (Commensalibacter, Gluconobacter, Lactobacillus, and Tatumella) with motility genes. We plotted the microbes against neutral models of ecological drift and passive dispersal. Microbes with positive correlations to motility were exclusively found at or above neutral model predictions, suggesting motility genes are crucial for fly microbiota spread and colonization. This information is crucial for understanding how specific gene functions contribute to microbial community dispersal and colonization within the fly host. Moreover, this study’s findings serve as a proof of concept for using the neutral model to predict microbial functions essential for survival and dissemination in diverse hosts.
Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles preference of nursery tree species for attacks and colonization under water stress
Authors: Parajuli Madhav , Oksel Cansu , Neupane Krishna , Ranger Christopher M , Baysal-Gurel Fulya
Published: January 2025

The role of flood and drought stress on Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle attacks and colonization in nursery trees with varying levels of water stress tolerance has not yet been studied. This study aimed to examine ambrosia beetle preference for tree species varying in their tolerance to water stress. Container-grown dogwoods, redbuds, and red maples were exposed to flood, drought, or sufficient water treatments for 28 d and beetle attacks were counted every third day. Stem tissues were collected at 7 and 14 d after imposing water stress to measure ethanol content using SPME-GC-MS. Trees were dissected to record gallery formation, fungal colonization, presence of eggs, larvae, and adults within the gallery. Additionally, gallery depth was measured. Under flood stress, beetle attacks were found exclusively in dogwood and redbud, with no attacks in red maple. There was a higher number of attacks in dogwood compared to redbud. Gallery formation and depth, fungal colonization, and presence of eggs, larvae, and adults in galleries were higher in dogwood than redbud. About 85% of the adults recovered from galleries were X. crassiusculus and the rest were X. germanus. Among the trees subjected to drought stress, only one dogwood tree had attacks, while the redbuds and red maples had no beetle attack. Tree species assigned to sufficient water were not attacked. Higher ethanol content was detected in dogwood and redbud subjected to flood stress compared to flooded red maples and tree species assigned to drought and sufficient water. This understanding can help growers and landscapers in making informed management decisions.
Heteroousios or Social Trinitarianism: Entailments of the Eternal Relations of Origin
Authors: Hollingsworth Andrew
Published: January 2025

I argue that the doctrine of the eternal relations of origin fails to preserve the sort of trinitarianism that the pro-Nicene Fathers thought that it did. The pro-Nicenes argued (1) that the Father, Son, and Spirit are homoousios with one another, (2) that the divine nature is simple, and (3) that there is only one will in God that is somehow shared amongst the divine persons. I argue that the eternal relations of origin entail a contradiction with at least one of these three listed propositions, depending on whether one locates them in the divine nature or the divine volition. If the relations of origin are located in the divine nature, then the Son and Spirit are heteroousios with the Father. If they are located in the divine volition, then this would entail that (1) there are three wills in God, and (2) that God has potential and is not simple. If my argument holds, then those desiring to maintain the eternal relations of origin in their doctrine of the Trinity will have some choices to make: they can affirm that the Father is heteroousios with the Son and Spirit, thus rejecting the doctrine of the Trinity altogether, or they can affirm some version of social trinitarianism and deny accounts of divine simplicity that understand God as actus purus.
Nitric oxide as integral element in priming- induced tolerance and plant stress memory
Authors: Fejes Gábor , Bodor Tamás , Szőllősi Réka , Kondak Selahattin , Kutasi Kinga , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Kolbert Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2025

The beneficial effects of priming technology are aimed at the promotion of growth and development and stress tolerance in plants. Different seed pre-treatment and vegetative priming approaches (osmo-, chemical, physical, hormonal, redox treatments) increase the level of nitric oxide (NO) being an active contributor to growth regulation and defence responses. On the other hand, seed pre-treatment or vegetative priming mainly with the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) helps to mitigate different abiotic stresses like salinity, cold, drought, excess metals. The effect of SNP/NO covers the alleviation of stress-specific effects (e.g. reduction of cadmium uptake in case of cadmium loading, improvement of water balance in case of drought), as well as general effects, such as alleviating oxidative stress. Seed pre-treatment or vegetative priming with SNP/NO up-regulates antioxidant enzymes at the activity level and increases the amount of a wide range of non-enzymatic antioxidants. However, due to adverse effects of SNP we urge the testing of other conventional NO donors (e.g. S-nitrosoglutathione) as well as new substances with more favourable properties (e.g. NO-releasing nanomaterials, plasmas, plasma treated liquids, combined donors) as seed pre-treating and vegetative priming materials. This review gives further suggestions on the methodology and future directions of fundamental research in relation to NO-associated pre-treatment and priming.
Intestinal Bacteroides drives glioma progression by regulating CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration
Authors: Chatterjee Jit , Qi Xuanhe , Mu Rui , Li Xuanwei , Eligator Talia , Ouyang Megan , Bozeman Stephanie L , Rodgers Rachel , Aggarwal Somya , Campbell Danielle E , Schriefer Lawrence A , Baldridge Megan T , Gutmann David H
Published: January 2025

Background

The intestinal microbiota regulates normal brain physiology and the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. While prior studies suggested that this regulation operates through immune cells, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Leveraging two well characterized murine models of low-grade glioma (LGG) occurring in the setting of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, we sought to determine the impact of the gut microbiome on optic glioma progression.

Methods

Nf1-mutant mice genetically engineered to develop optic pathway gliomas (Nf1OPG mice) by 3 months of age were reared under germ-free (GF) conditions, treated with specific cocktails of antibiotics, or given fecal matter transplants (FMTs). Intestinal microbial species were identified by 16S genotyping. Neutralizing TGFβ antibodies were delivered systemically, while in vitro experiments used isolated murine microglia and T cells. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed using established methods.

Results

Nf1 OPG mice raised in a GF environment or postnatally treated with vancomycin did not harbor optic gliomas or exhibit OPG-induced retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, which was reversed following conventionally raised mouse FMT or colonization with Bacteroides species. Moreover, this intestinal microbiota-regulated gliomagenesis was mediated by circulating TGFβ, such that systemic TGFβ neutralization reduced Nf1-OPG growth. TGFβ was shown to act on tumor-associated monocytes to induce Ccl3 expression and recruit CD8+ T cells necessary for glioma growth.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings establish, for the first time, a mechanistic relationship between Bacteroides in the intestinal microbiome and NF1-LGG pathobiology, suggesting both future predictive risk assessment strategies and therapeutic opportunities.
Isopropylmalate synthase regulatory domain removal abolishes feedback regulation at the expense of leucine homeostasis in plants
Authors: Varghese Mohan , Kumar Roshan , Sharma Aprajita , Lone Asif , Gershenzon Jonathan , Bisht Naveen C
Published: January 2025

In the leucine (Leu) biosynthesis pathway, homeostasis is achieved through a feedback regulatory mechanism facilitated by the binding of the end product Leu at the C-terminal regulatory domain of the first committed enzyme, isopropylmalate synthase (IPMS). In vitro studies have shown that removing the regulatory domain abolishes the feedback regulation on plant IPMS while retaining its catalytic activity. However, the physiological consequences and underlying molecular regulation of Leu flux upon removing the IPMS regulatory domain remain to be explored in plants. Here, we removed the IPMS C-terminal regulatory domain using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing system and studied the resulting impact on the Leu biosynthesis pathway under in planta conditions. Absence of the IPMS regulatory domain unexpectedly reduced the formation of the end product Leu but increased the levels of Leu pathway intermediates in mustard (Brassica juncea). Additionally, delayed growth was observed when IPMS devoid of the regulatory domain was introduced into IPMS-null mutants of Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, a detailed biochemical analysis showed that in the absence of the C-terminal regulatory domain, a Leu pathway intermediate (α-ketoisocaproate) could compete with the native IPMS substrate (2-oxoisovalerate) for the active site. Combining these metabolomic, biochemical, and in planta analyses, we demonstrate that the C-terminal regulatory domain of IPMS is critical for maintaining Leu–Val homeostasis in plants.
The Financial Consequences of Pretrial Detention
Authors: Slutzky Pablo , Xu Sheng-Jun
Published: January 2025

In the United States, a significant number of criminal defendants are held in pretrial detention and face substantial financial burdens. Matching individual-level criminal case records to household-level financial data, we exploit the quasi-random assignment of court commissioners to study how pretrial detention affects household solvency. We find that pretrial detention results in higher rates of household insolvency, driven by higher rates of chapter 7 bankruptcies and judgment liens, and higher foreclosure rates during periods of decreasing house prices. We document that the effects spill over to family members and show that home equity can cushion households from insolvency. (JEL D14, G51, K41, K42)
Cognitive Impairment in Psychotic Disorders Is Associated with Brain Reductive Stress and Impaired Energy Metabolism as Measured by 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Chouinard Virginie-Anne , Du Fei , Chen Xi , Tusuzian Emma , Ren Boyu , Anderson Jacey , Cuklanz Kyle , Feizi Wirya , Zhou Shuqin , Weerasekera Akila , Cohen Bruce M , Öngür Dost , Lewandowski Kathryn E
Published: January 2025

Background and Hypothesis

Convergent evidence shows the presence of brain metabolic abnormalities in psychotic disorders. This study examined brain reductive stress and energy metabolism in people with psychotic disorders with impaired or average range cognition. We hypothesized that global cognitive impairment would be associated with greater brain metabolic dysregulation.

Study Design

Participants with affective and non-affective psychosis (n = 62) were administered the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and underwent a 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan at 4T. We used a cluster-analysis approach to identify 2 clusters of participants with and without cognitive dysfunction. We compared clusters on brain redox balance or reductive stress, measured by the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its reduced form NADH, in addition to creatine kinase (CK) enzymatic activity and pH.

Study Results

The mean (SD) age of participants was 25.1 (6.3) years. The mean NAD+/NADH ratio differed between groups, with lower NAD+/NADH ratio, suggesting more reductive stress, in the impaired cognitive cluster (t = −2.60, P = .01). There was also a significant reduction in CK activity in the impaired cognitive cluster (t = −2.19, P = .03). Intracellular pH did not differ between the 2 cluster groups (t = 1.31, P = .19). The clusters did not significantly differ on severity of mood and psychotic symptomatology or other measures of illness severity.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that psychotic disorders with greater cognitive impairment have greater brain metabolic dysregulation, with more reductive stress and decrease in energy metabolic rate markers. This provides new evidence for the potential of emerging metabolic therapies to treat cognitive deficits in psychotic disorders.
Reverse-flow Flaps of the Medial Plantar Region: Review of the Literature With Case Report
Authors: Yuen James C. , Shahare Humam M. , Hicks Evan D.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Many variations of the reverse flap design elevated on the medial plantar region have emerged since its introduction. Our aim was to review the literature to provide a broader understanding of the various iterations of the reversed blood-flow flap raised on the medial plantar region. Second, we wished to appraise the reverse medialis pedis flap by review of the literature and presentation of a case report.

Methods:

A review of the literature was conducted regarding the reversed blood-flow flap elevated in the medial plantar region. The diverse types of vascular axis and retrograde blood-flow origin of the reverse flap in the medial plantar region were categorized. A clinical case of the reverse medialis pedis flap with step-by-step flap elevation and description of key landmarks are presented.

Results:

Our literature review identified 38 publications pertaining to retrograde flow flaps in the medial plantar region. The reverse-flow anatomy derived from these publications was categorized based on vascular axis (pedicle) and retrograde blood-flow origins; Only 5 publications included the reverse medialis pedis flap in their article while 3 papers focused on detailed anatomic study and case series on this flap.

Conclusions:

The reverse medial plantar artery flaps come with multiple flap designs depending on which antegrade flow artery is ligated and what anastomotic vascular origin is supplying the reversed blood flow. The reverse medialis pedis flap based on the superficial medial plantar artery with anastomosis to the first plantar metatarsal artery deserves consideration as an option for small defects of the great toe metatarsophalangeal joint.
Use of Magnetic Resonance Neurography for Sensory Nerve Injuries of the Head and Neck
Authors: Hazewinkel Merel H.J. , Lin Yenpo , Li Tim Y. , Cisse Babacar , Tan Ek T. , Sneag Darryl B. , Gfrerer Lisa
Published: January 2025

Background:

Identification of peripheral nerve injuries of the head and neck can be challenging due to a broad spectrum of symptoms from neuropathic pain to headaches and migraine. This article aimed to present the clinical features and diagnostic workup of patients with acute and chronic peripheral nerve injuries of the head and neck using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), to demonstrate potential advantages compared with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:

Patients who presented with suspected peripheral nerve injury were either referred for a conventional MRI or MRN. Patients who underwent nerve exploration for suspected nerve transection and/or neuroma formation on imaging were included in this study. Imaging findings were correlated with intraoperative observations.

Results:

Four patients (3 women, 1 man, age range: 34–70 years) were included. Three subjects had a history of head and neck surgery and 1 experienced direct trauma to the medial eyebrow. Clinical symptoms included numbness, allodynia, positive Tinel sign, and pain relief following nerve blocks. Two patients underwent conventional MRI and 2 underwent MRN. MRI provided a vague indication of potential neuromas and failed to accurately depict their locations. MRN offered a comprehensive visualization of the entire nerve path, identifying nerve transection and neuromas, as well as precise location, dimensions, and relation to adjacent bones and muscles.

Conclusions:

High-resolution 3-dimensional MRN provides clear visualization of acute and chronic peripheral nerve injuries of the head and neck region, facilitating early diagnosis of nerve injuries in this region and improving diagnostic accuracy, as well as surgical planning and execution.
A New Anatomical Approach to Male Pectoral Volumization
Authors: Flores González Emmanuel Armando , Babaitis Ricardo , Manzaneda Cipriani Raul Martin , Schneider Viaro Mauricio , Duran Vega Hector Cesar , Lobo Botelho Daniel , Ramírez Guerrero Oliver René , Gracida Mancilla Noe Isaias
Published: January 2025

Background:

In this article, we discuss a new technique of pectoralis major muscle volumization using ultrasound-guided fat grafting, considering a new surgical criterion that allows for larger volumes.

Methods:

We present a retrospective observational descriptive study, which included men who underwent body contouring surgery during 2022–2023. As part of the study, measurements were taken before, immediately after, and at 3 months after surgery. Data were stored in a database and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, v23.0.

Results:

The average age was 34.8 years [±8.2] and when evaluating the cases based on their body mass index, we found an average body mass index of 28.2 kg/m2 [±1.9]. When evaluating the paired differences between initial depth of pectoralis major–transoperative depth of pectoralis major, transoperative depth of pectoralis major–postoperative depth of pectoralis major at 3 months, and initial depth of pectoralis major–postoperative depth of pectoralis major at 3 months using the Student t statistic for related samples, statistically significant differences were obtained (P = 0.001). This is a preliminary short-term study revealing a new approach to volumizing the pectoralis major muscle and requires long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

The technique allows for an increase in muscle thickness. Measurements were taken immediately after infiltration and at 3 months, observing the presence of the fat graft and the increase in volume. In the future, it is important to perform long-term follow-up. No adverse events occurred during the study.
The Portrayal of the Nursing Profession in World-Famous Paintings
Authors: Wang Lei , Chang Xiaowei , Lv Yaru , Wang Juan , Yang Jianwen , Zhang Chunming
Published: January 2025

This study compiled 39 representative world-famous paintings, which depict the images of nurses in different historical periods. According to the sorting results, the paintings were created between 1662 and 1962. The evolution of nursing is delved into by examining depictions of nurses in historical artworks. Through this exploration, we gain insight into the development and professional ethos of nursing across different historical periods. The focus is on delineating various professional representations of nurses in these celebrated paintings and assessing their professionalism. The essence of the nursing profession is encapsulated as fraternity, sacrifice, dedication, and inheritance. This narrative interprets the significance of nursing portrayed in world-renowned paintings.
Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Laser-induced Full-thickness Macular Holes
Authors: Cui Ying , Liu Wu , Wang Yaxing , Shi Xiangyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To report the characteristics and the surgical outcomes of full-thickness macular holes (MHs) accidentally caused by laser devices and analyze the visual predictors.

Methods:

33 eyes that underwent vitrectomy for laser-induced MHs were included. Full ophthalmic examinations and optical coherence tomography were used for assessment at baseline and at follow-ups. Preoperative and 6-months postoperative features were analyzed respectively as potential predictors of final visual acuity.

Results:

11 eyes were injured by a neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and 22 by a handheld laser. 5/33 eyes had a focal subfoveal choroidal depression preoperatively. MH closure was achieved in 87.9% eyes. 79.3% eyes had VA improvement of 2 or more lines. Compromised VA improvement was associated with preoperative choroidal depression (P=0.026, odds ratio [OR]=0.068, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.006∼0.729). Worse final BCVA was associated with worse preoperative BCVA (P=0.001, regression coefficient [B]=0.497, 95%CI: 0.221∼0.774), preoperative choroidal depression (P=0.014, B=0.353, 95%CI: 0.078∼0.628), Nd:YAG laser injury (P=0.030, B=-0.244, 95%CI: -0.461∼-0.026), larger MH diameter (P=0.023, B=0.031, 95%CI: 0.005∼0.058), failed macular hole closure (P=0.003, B=-0.472, 95%CI: -0.775∼-0.169), larger ellipsoid zone (EZ) defect at 6 months (P=0.002, B=0.053, 95%CI: 0.024∼0.082) and thinner foveal neuroretina thickness at 6 months (P<0.001, B=-0.365, 95%CI: -0.520∼-0.211).

Conclusion:

Vitrectomy is effective in closing laser-induced MHs and improving visual acuity. Preoperative factors including worse preoperative BCVA, choroidal depression, Nd:YAG laser injury and larger MH diameter and postoperative factors including failed MH closure, larger EZ defect and thinner foveal neuroretina at 6 months are predictive factors for worse final VA.
Repurposing Diflunisal as an Anti-Virulence Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sun Daniel , Haste Nina M. , Sun Josh , Serafim Mateus Sá Magalhães , Salvioni Anna , Olson Joshua , Cole Jason , Okumura Cheryl , Gallo Richard L. , Sakoulas George , O’Donoghue Anthony J. , Hensler Mary E. , Nizet Victor
Published: January 2025

Infections refractory to standard antibiotic therapy are contributing to adverse treatment outcomes in patients suffering from deep-seated bacterial infections caused by increasingly resistant pathogens. Adjunctive strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors have been considered to supplement the host immune response in fighting the infection. Previous studies suggest that the FDA-approved anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal inhibits Staphylococcus aureus (SA) α-toxin expression by its interaction with the response regulator AgrA. We investigated the broader anti-virulence properties of diflunisal against pathogenic strains of SA and established proof-of-concept for its efficacy in blocking SA virulence. Our studies reveal that diflunisal inhibits α-toxin production, sensitizes SA to cationic antibiotics and human antimicrobial peptides, inhibits the production of the golden pigment staphyloxanthin, and reduces biofilm formation. Molecular docking simulations revealed potential interactions between diflunisal and AgrA binding sites. In addition, sequence alignment of the SA AgrA response regulator demonstrated similarities to other response regulators involved in controlling virulence factor expression. Appreciation of the antivirulence properties of diflunisal supports a therapeutic strategy distinct from structurally similar compounds, such as salicylic acid. The repurposing of diflunisal may mitigate disease severity and provide a unique adjunctive tool in the treatment of SA infection.
Early-life adversity as a predictor of fibromyalgia syndrome: the central role of perceived stress over endocrine stress indicators
Authors: Beiner Eva , Hermes Michelle , Reichert Julian , Kleinke Kristian , Vock Stephanie , Löffler Annette , Ader Leonie , Sirazitdinov Andrei , Keil Sebastian , Schmidt Tim , Schick Anita , Löffler Martin , Hopp Michael , Ruckes Christian , Hesser Jürgen , Reininghaus Ulrich , Flor Herta , Eich Wolfgang , Tesarz Jonas
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the associations between early childhood adversities, stress perception, and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Although the interconnection between dysregulated stress systems and FMS is well documented, the interconnection between early adversities and FMS remains less understood. This study explores the relationship of early-life stress and FMS by examining its mediation through perceived stress, and acute and chronic endocrine stress indicators. Stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale, as well as using salivary and hair cortisol as endocrine indicators of acute and chronic stress, respectively. The sample consisted of 99 individuals with FMS and 50 pain-free controls. A structural equation model was used to assess the mediating effects of stress indicators between early adversities and the severity of FMS. Compared with controls, individuals with FMS had notably higher early adversity scores (d = 0.63) and greater occurrence of exposure to adversity (78.8% vs 66%). Structural equation modeling indicated that the influence of early adversities on FMS symptoms is mediated by perceived stress levels, with no direct effect observed. Our findings indicate that early-life adversity is a significant determinant of the development of FMS, with the relationship between these factors mediated by perceived stress rather than by endocrine stress indicators. These results underscore the critical role of stress perception in the development and management of FMS, suggesting that perceived stress may serve as a valuable therapeutic target. Incorporating trauma-informed and stress-targeted care into treatment strategies could significantly improve outcomes for individuals with FMS, emphasizing the importance of addressing psychological factors alongside physical symptoms.
Virtual 3D models, augmented reality systems and virtual laparoscopic simulations in complicated pancreatic surgeries: state of art, future perspectives, and challenges
Authors: Laga Boul-Atarass Imán , Cepeda Franco Carmen , Sanmartín Sierra José Domingo , Castell Monsalve Javier , Padillo Ruiz Javier
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most challenging interventions by many surgeons, mainly due to retroperitoneal location and proximity to key and delicate vascular structures. These factors make pancreatic resection a demanding procedure, with successful rates far from optimal and frequent postoperative complications. Surgical planning is essential to improve patient outcomes, and in this regard, many technological advances made in the last few years have proven to be extremely useful in medical fields. This review aims to outline the potential and limitations of 3D digital and 3D printed models in pancreatic surgical planning, as well as the impact and challenges of novel technologies such as augmented/virtual reality systems or artificial intelligence to improve medical training and surgical outcomes.
Clinical value of aortic arch morphology in transfemoral TAVR: artificial intelligence evaluation
Authors: Mao Yu , Liu Yang , Zhai Mengen , Jin Ping , Chen Fangyao , Yang Yuhui , Zhu Guangyu , Yang Tingting , Zhang Gejun , Xu Kai , Shang Xiaoke , Zhao Yuan , Ni Buqing , Li Hongxin , Tang Min , Jian Zhao , Yang Yining , Zhang Haibo , Wei Lai , Liu Jian , Noterdaeme Timothée , Lange Ruediger , Guo Yingqiang , Pan Xiangbin , Wu Yongjian , Yang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background:

The impact of aortic arch (AA) morphology on the management of the procedural details and the clinical outcomes of the transfemoral artery (TF)-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has not been evaluated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the AA morphology of patients who had TF-TAVR using an artificial intelligence algorithm and then to evaluate its predictive value for clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods:

A total of 1480 consecutive patients undergoing TF-TAVR using a new-generation transcatheter heart valve at 12 institutes were included in this retrospective study. The AA measurements were evaluated by deep learning, and then the approach index (IA) was determined. The machine learning algorithm was used to construct the predictive model and was validated externally.

Results:

The area under the curve of the IA model using random forest and logistic regression was 0.675 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.586–0.764] and 0.757 (95% CI: 0.665–0.849), respectively. The IA model was validated externally, and consistent distinctions were obtained. After we used a generalized propensity score matching method for continuous exposure, the IA was the strongest correlation factor for major procedural events (odds ratio: 3.87; 95% CI: 2.13–7.59, P < 0.001). When leaflet morphology or transcatheter heart valve type was an interactive item with IA, neither of them was statistically significant in terms of clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

IA may be used to identify the impact of AA morphology on procedural and clinical outcomes in patients having TF-TAVR and to help to predict the procedural complications.
Global trends in surgically based treatment of anal fistula in Crohn’s disease: a bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Jin Xingtao , Han Ye , Yang Min , Ye Qianqian , Wang Qingming , Zheng De , Mei Zubing
Published: January 2025

Background:

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, recurrent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a complex etiology. Among its perianal complications, anal fistulas represent a challenging comorbidity. With the increase of surgical options, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was deemed necessary to consolidate the vast array of research in this field.

Methods:

We extracted 1608 articles spanning from 1 January 1994, to 1 May 2024, from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica for visual analytics, we synthesized key trends across multiple bibliometric indicators, encompassing geographic and institutional contributions, individual authorship, journal prominence, citation metrics, and thematic prevalence.

Results:

From the delineated corpus, we identified publications from 325 countries and 5110 research institutions, with the US and UK at the forefront of publication volume and academic impact. The data indicated a leading role for institutions like the Cleveland Clinic and Imperial College London. “Diseases of the Colon and Rectum” emerged as a central journal due to its high publication and citation frequency. Distinctly, the analysis uncovered trending keywords, signifying the field’s prioritization on surgical intervention, biologic therapy, imaging modalities, and emerging biological treatments.

Conclusion:

Our findings elucidate a trajectory toward prominent advancements in CD fistula research. This analysis underscores the field’s shift towards integrative treatment strategies, spotlighting the pressing need for comprehensive comparative studies of surgical approaches. It underscores the imperative for robust clinical trials to standardize treatments and extend care to a broader CD patient population.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy rescued mouse critical limb ischemia via upregulating GPR120 against inflammation and promoting angiogenesis for restoring the blood flow in ischemic zone-experimental study
Authors: Sung Pei-Hsun , Yeh Jui-Ning , Yin Tsung-Cheng , Chai Han-Tan , Chiang John Y. , Huang Chi-Ruei , Chen Yi-Ling , Lee Mel S. , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: January 2025

Background:

This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) effectively rescues critical limb ischemia (CLI) in mice through the upregulation of GPR120, which protects against inflammation and angiogenesis to restore blood flow in the ischemic area.

Methods and results:

Compared with the control, ECSWT-induced GPR120-mediated anti-inflammatory effects significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory signaling biomarkers (TAK1/MAPK family/NF-κB/IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/MCP-1) in HUVECs, and these effects were abolished by silencing GPR120 or by the GPR120 antagonist AH7614 (all P < 0.001). C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were equally categorized into Groups 1 (sham-operated control), 2 (CLI), 3 (CLI + ECSWT), and 4 (CLI + ECSWT + AH7614). By Days 7, 14, and 28 just prior to harvesting the quadriceps muscle, the laser Doppler results showed that the ratio of ischemia to normal blood flow (INBF) in the CLI area was highest in Group 1, lowest in Group 2, and significantly greater in Group 3 than in Group 4 (all P < 0.0001). Endothelial cell markers (CD31/vWF) and GPR120 + cells exhibited identical patterns of INBF among the groups, whereas angiogenesis biomarkers (CXCR4/SDF-1/VEGF/VEGFR2) were significantly and progressively upregulated from Groups 1 to 4 (all P < 0.0001). The protein levels of inflammation (MMP-9, IL-6, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (NOX-1 and NOX-2) and the cellular levels of inflammation (CD68+)/DNA damage (γ-H2AX+) displayed opposite patterns, whereas the small vessel density in the CLI area displayed an identical pattern of INBF among the groups (all P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

ECSWT rescued CLI by increasing GPR120-mediated suppression of inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis via activation of VEGFR2.
Machine perfusion strategies in Liver Transplantation: A systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jaber Fouad , Abuelazm Mohamed , Soliman Youssef , Madi Mahmoud , Abusuilik Husam , Mazen Amin Ahmed , Saeed Abdallah , Gowaily Ibrahim , Abdelazeem Basel , Rana Abbas , Qureshi Kamran , Lee Tzu-Hao , Cholankeril George
Published: January 2025

Background: Machine perfusion (MP), including hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE), dual HOPE, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), NMP ischemia-free liver transplantation (NMP-ILT), and controlled oxygenated rewarming (COR), is increasingly being investigated to improve liver graft quality from extended criteria donors and donors after circulatory death and expand the donor pool. This network meta-analysis investigates the comparative efficacy and safety of various liver MP strategies versus traditional static cold storage (SCS). Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing liver transplantation (LT) outcomes between SCS and MP techniques. The primary outcome was the incidence of early allograft dysfunction (EAD). Secondary endpoints included 1-year graft survival, the incidence of graft failure/loss, post-reperfusion syndrome, biliary complications, the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), graft-related patient mortality, and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. R-software was used to conduct a network meta-analysis using a frequentist framework. PROSPERO ID: CRD42024549254. Results: We included 12 RCTs involving 1,628 patients undergoing LT (801 in the liver MP groups and 832 in the SCS group). Compared to SCS, HOPE/dHOPE, but not other MP strategies, was associated with a significantly lower risk of EAD (RR: 0.53, 95% CI [0.37, 0.74], p=0.0002), improved 1-year graft survival rate (RR: 1.07, 95% CI [1.01, 1.14], p=0.02), decreased graft failure/loss (RR: 0.38, 95% CI [0.16, 0.90], p=0.03), and reduced the risk of biliary complications (RR: 0.52, 95% CI [0.43, 0.75], p < 0.0001). Compared to SCS, NMP (RR: 0.49, 95% CI [0.24, 0.96] and NMP-ILT (RR: 0.15, 95% CI [0.04, 0.57], both significantly reduced the risk of post-perfusion syndrome. There is no difference between SCS and MP groups in the risk of RRT, graft-related patient mortality, and ICU and hospital stay length. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that HOPE/dual-HOPE is a promising alternative to SCS for donor liver preservation. These new techniques can help expand the donor pool with similar or even better post-LT outcomes.
Students’ Perceptions of Creating Educational Videos as a Teaching and Learning Strategy
Authors: Ramón-Arbués Enrique , Blázquez-Ornat Isabel , Sagarra-Romero Lucía , Benito-Ruiz Eva , Antón-Solanas Isabel , Gómez-Torres Piedad
Published: January 2025

Background:

The integration of digital technology in nursing education has revolutionized traditional teaching methods. Creating educational videos enhances student engagement and clinical reasoning.

Purpose:

This study evaluated nursing students’ satisfaction and perceptions of creating educational videos as a teaching and learning strategy.

Methods:

A mixed-methods descriptive study was conducted with 150 second-year nursing students enrolled in a Health Education module at San Jorge University (Zaragoza, Spain). Students developed health education videos in groups, and data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire and reflective narratives.

Results:

Students produced 33 videos. Quantitative findings showed high satisfaction, with the highest ratings for video applicability. Qualitative data revealed enhanced teamwork, creativity, and information technology skills.

Conclusions:

Video creation is an effective tool in nursing education, fostering engagement and skill development, aligning with modern educational practices.
Enhancing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening and Nocturia Treatment: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Douglass K. Marie , Laus Katharina , DeAndrade Samantha , Whitaker Taylor , Bernal Lauren , Yazdany Tajnoos , Truong Christina
Published: January 2025

Importance

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common but likely underdiagnosed in urogynecology patients with nocturia, and OSA treatment has the potential to improve nocturia symptoms.

Objective

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of implementing a universal screening protocol for OSA in a urogynecology clinic on screening rates, OSA prevalence among patients with nocturia, and symptom improvement following treatment.

Study Design

This was an observational quality improvement study at a urogynecology clinic at a safety-net hospital. Health care providers were asked to screen all new patients with nocturia using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. We assessed screening rates over an 18-month period and followed patients referred for sleep study to determine the percentage who completed evaluation, were identified as having OSA and, if necessary, prescribed treatment, as well as improvement in nocturia symptoms after treatment.

Results

Seventy-eight percent of eligible patients were screened, and screening rates increased substantially over the course of the study. Overall, 20.2% of patients screened positive and were referred for sleep study, and 80.6% of those were ultimately diagnosed with OSA. There were low levels of adherence to the recommended OSA treatment, but patients with OSA who were using the treatment reported better improvement in their symptoms.

Conclusions

Initiation of OSA screening in a urogynecology clinic is a significant and feasible way to address nocturia and has the potential to improve symptoms. Improving rates of OSA testing and adherence to OSA treatment will require a multidisciplinary approach, while systems-level changes are needed to address inequities and other barriers to accessing treatment.
Adjunctive High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treatment of Resistant Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mahato Apurba Narayan , Munda Sanjay Kumar , Pratap Alok , Mudaliyar Satyanarayanprabhu , Patel Natasha
Published: January 2025

Background

Resistant auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) remains a disabling symptom in schizophrenia. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its more targeted variant, high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS), have shown promising results in reducing AVH. We aimed to determine the effects of adjunctive HD-tDCS on various dimensions of AVH in patients with schizophrenia.

Methodology

This randomized controlled trial included 40 patients with schizophrenia with resistant AVH (20 patients each assigned to the active and sham group). A stimulation electrode was placed over the left temporoparietal junction at CP5 according to the 10–10 EEG montage, while return electrodes were positioned at C3, T7, P3, and P7. The active group received 2-mA current for 20 minutes, with a ramp-up and ramp-down of 3 seconds, whereas the sham group received 1-mA current for 30 seconds, with a 3-second ramp-up and ramp-down. AVH severity was assessed using the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale-Auditory Hallucination at baseline, at the end of HD-tDCS sessions, and 4 weeks after completion.

Results

Within-group comparisons revealed significant improvements in both groups. However, in time*group comparison, the group receiving active HD-tDCS showed a statistically significant improvement only in the frequency dimension of AVH over time (p = 0.011). No other dimensions of AVH improved significantly in the time*group comparison. The effects of HD-tDCS were sustained up to 4 weeks.

Conclusions

Active HD-tDCS over the left temporoparietal junction significantly reduced the frequency of AVH in patients with schizophrenia compared to sham stimulation. However, no significant improvements were observed in other domains of hallucination.
Lentilactobacillus terminaliae sp. nov., isolated from tree bark (Terminalia ivorensis Chev.) and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Phuengjayaem Sukanya , Kingkaew Engkarat , Chamroensaksri Nitcha , Phongsopitanun Wongsakorn , Tanasupawat Somboon
Published: January 2025

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped strain, designated SPB1-3T, was isolated from tree bark. This strain exhibited heterofermentative production of dl-lactic acid from glucose. Optimal growth was observed at 25–40 °C, pH 4.0–7.0, and in the presence of 3% (w/v) NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan contained lysine and aspartic acid. The predominant fatty acids identified were C16:0 and the Summed feature 7 (C19 :1
 ω7c/C19:1
 ω6c and/or C19:1
 ω6c/ω7c/19cy). The polar lipid profile included phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, along with two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified amino lipids and two unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences positioned strain SPB1-3T within the genus Lentilactobacillus, showing a close relation to Lentilactobacillus kosonis NBRC 111893T (99.86%) and Lentilactobacillus curieae CCTCC M 2011381T (98.65%). The whole genome of strain SPB1-3T comprised 1 932 998 base pairs with 1955 coding genes and a DNA G+C content of 37.8%. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain SPB1-3T and closely related type strains ranged from 19.50 to 27.20%. The average nucleotide identity ranged from 84.21 to 85.56%, and the average amino acid identity ranged from 57.25 to 85.99%, both falling below the established thresholds for species delineation. Strain SPB1-3T was clearly distinguishable from related Lentilactobacillus species based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and whole genome analysis. Additionally, the strain exhibited radical scavenging activity at 66.92% and demonstrated 82.32% inhibition in the tyrosinase inhibitory assay. These findings support the classification of strain SPB1-3T as a novel species within the genus Lentilactobacillus, for which the name Lentilactobacillus terminaliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SPB1-3T (=JCM 35081T=TISTR 10005T).
High School Science Fair: What Students Say -- Mastery, Performance, and Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Grinnell Frederick , Dalley Simon , Reisch Joan
Published: January 2025

Based on free text comments by 1191 students who participated in our national science and engineering fair (SEF) surveys during 2021-22 and 2022-23, we have learned new information about SEF participation and student interest in S&E. The positive reasons that students mentioned most frequently about why SEF participation increased their interest in S&E were: learned new things; experience doing research; enjoyed/fun experience; and career choice. The negative reasons most frequently mentioned by students were: participation was not fun/stressful/boring; not a good project; not interested in science; and required to participate. Overall, students who received coaching and help from scientists made the most positive comments. Students who participated in school-only level SEFs made the most negative. Reasons students gave why SEF participation increased their interest in S&E aligned with mastery criteria. By contrast, reasons students gave in a previous study regarding whether competitive SEFs should be required aligned with performance criteria. Mastery and performance orientations integrate differently with the three elements of self-determination theory: motivation, competence and community engagement. Recognizing these differences in relationship to the interests of high school students who participate in SEFs has the potential to enhance the impact of SEF participation on student STEM interests and knowledge.