bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Best Outsourcing Service Country in the Southeast Asian Region: A Fuzzy-AHP Approach
Authors: Pham Van Kien , Hoang Anh Tho Truong , Thanh Ha Le Thi
Published: March 2018

Over the last two decades, the popularity of outsourcing, one of the most important elements in supply chain management, has been on the rise. Outsourcing is considered to be a key vehicle for firms to narrow their business operations and focus on core competencies. More recently, outsourcing has also been seen as a key source of innovation. Because of this phenomenon, an increasing amount of research in this field has come to aid firms in figuring out the optimal outsourcing service destinations. However, most of these studies concentrate on a specific field at the company level, therefore leaving a gap in research for a complete and comprehensive framework study. This study attempts to address this research gap by constructing an outsourcing hierarchy model with four levels. The four levels introduced in this study are the following: overall goal, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternative. Criteria would include the most important attributes, such as cost competitiveness, human resources, business environment, and government policies. Each criterion itself would be supported by several sub-criteria. With respect to these criteria, seven typical countries in the Southeast Asian region were selected to serve as alternatives. This article applied the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process approach to help decision makers identify the most important dimensions and the optimal outsourcing service country. As a result, the higher the priorities’ weights, the more important the criterion or the alternative will be. In this study, cost competitiveness is the most important element, followed by human resources and business environment. The results of this study indicate that China is the best destination among seven typical outsourcing service countries. Furthermore, the rise of Vietnam, Thailand, and The Philippines is creating new choices for decision makers. This study not only enriches the existing literature but also provides readers and decision makers a comprehensive view of the given field.
Assessment of Stress-Strain Behavior of Corroded Steel Reinforcement Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
Authors: Rajagopal Ranjitha , Sharma Sameer , Pillai Radhakrishna G. , Subramanian Sankara J.
Published: March 2018

Understanding the stress-strain behavior of corroded rebars is essential for understanding the structural behavior of corroding reinforced concrete structures. However, conventional methods of testing have several drawbacks, which have led to differences in opinion among researchers regarding the mechanical behavior of corroded rebars. This article proposes an improved method using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to assess the stress-strain behavior of corroded rebars. The study is conducted in two phases: (a) development of the testing and evaluation method and (b) determination of the mechanical properties (i.e., yield strength, ultimate strength, and ultimate strain) of naturally corroded cold-twisted deformed (CTD) steel rebars using the developed method. The stress-strain behavior of one pristine plain mild (PM) steel and 13 naturally corroded steel rebars collected from a 15-year-old building are investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide more accurate estimates of mechanical properties than the conventional methods. The developed method facilitates a better understanding of the stress-strain behavior at the fracture location (FL) and other local points of interest on corroded steel rebars. Because DIC measures local strains, the proposed method is able to measure local strain heterogeneity and therefore distinguish between the effects of geometrical variations from those due to true material degradation. This is in contrast to the conventional methods wherein deformation is measured over a finite gauge length, which results in a measurement of average deformation rather than true local deformation. This study emphasizes the need for measurement of full-field deformation to assess the stress-strain behavior of the corroded rebars with highly uneven cross-sectional area.
Combined Effect of Heat Storage, Reflective Material, and Additional Heat Source on the Productivity of a Solar Still—Techno-Economic Approach
Authors: Rufuss D. Dsilva Winfred , Iniyan S. , Suganthi L.
Published: March 2018

Food, water, and energy are essential for life on earth. Among these, water plays a vital role. Although it occupies a major portion (70 %) of the earth, good drinking water is always in short supply. Of this quantity, 98 % of water is salty and only around 2 % is fresh water. Desalination using a solar still is one economic method used to purify salt water. This article studies a single-slope solar still with three modifications: (i) sensible heat storage medium (SHM), (ii) heat recovery system (HRS), and (iii) reflective material on the interior surface. Modification by SHM and HRS enabled heat input and water output to be maintained during the night. Theoretical models were developed for the modified still. The productivity of the conventional still and modified still was measured experimentally in Tamil Nadu, India. The daily productivity increased by 21 %, from 3.4 kg m−2 in the conventional still to 4.1 kg m−2 in the modified still. The experimental results validated the theoretical results. Economic analysis of the solar still revealed that the approximate cost of distilled water per liter from a modified still was 4.7 % less than that from a conventional still. Hence, the modified still with SHM, HRS, and reflective material is technically and economically viable.
Nanosized Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Recovered Binders from Weathered Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Liu Yan , Shen Junan , Shi Pengcheng , Zhu Hong , Gao Qiju
Published: March 2018

Aging of asphalt binders can be more accurately simulated in the laboratory by an accelerated weathering machine (AWM) considering most of the weathering factors, and the nanosized properties of the aged binders can be examined at the nanoscale level by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In this study, two gradations of asphalt mixtures, i.e., stone matrix mixture (SMA) and asphalt concrete (AC), were at first weathered by the AWM, and then asphalt binders were recovered. AFM technologies were applied for measuring the nanomorphology and nanomechanical properties of the recovered binders. The results are the following: (1) the roughness of morphology of recovered binders was gradually reduced, indicating a flattening asphalt surface phenomenon as the weathering time increased; (2) the average roughnesses of both adhesion and nanomodulus of the recovered binders increased as the weathering time increased because of the increased polymerization and the macromolecule; (3) there were fairly good linear correlations between the nanomorphology and the nanomechanical properties of the aged binders.
Relationship Between Machinability, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si Alloy
Authors: Uludağ Muhammet , Yazman Şakir , Gemi Lokman , Bakircioğlu Barış , Erzi Eray , Dispinar Derya
Published: March 2018

In this work, commercially available Al-7Si alloy was used, and the microstructure was modified by the additions of AlSr15, AlTi5B1, and Al3B. Cylindrical samples were cast into a sand mold and the machinability of the alloys was characterized by means of surface roughness, chip morphology, and buildup edge of the chips. Tool life and surface finish can be improved by decreased chip size by lowering the energy required for machining. The surface finish is an indicator of the quality of the material during the machining process. Therefore, in addition, melt quality was measured by means of reduced pressure test and the calculation of the bifilm index was used to compare the melt quality with machinability. It was found that there is a good correlation between bifilm index and surface roughness of the machined parts. Thus, for a better surface finish, melt quality, which can be quantified by bifilm index, has to be high. AlSr15 modified alloy exhibits the lowest built-up edge with the lowest surface roughness, because strontium modification causes coarse silicon crystals to transform to fine fibrous structure, which enhances machinability.
Evolution of the Temperature Field of the Subgrade in the Permafrost Regions of the Great Khingan Mountains
Authors: Liu Haiping , Ding Lin , Yang Yang , Guo Meng , Wang Yiqi
Published: March 2018

The distribution characteristics and changing trend of the temperature field of the subgrade in the permafrost region were simulated by using an enthalpy value-based numerical method. The Greater Khingan Mountains were selected as a case, and the environmental conditions, including solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, route trend, and subgrade construction mode, were analyzed. Results demonstrated that the values calculated by the established model agreed with the measured values in temperature holes, which indicated the feasibility of the model. The temperature field of the subgrade in the permafrost regions changed in an approximately cyclical fluctuation of the cosine form. The annual changing curve of ground temperature slowed down gradually with the increase of depth, accompanied by a phase lag. A noncohesive state was observed within a certain depth range between the active layer and permafrost in cold winter. The maximum thawed depth increased linearly as time increased. The rate of subgrade melting presented nonlinear changes with increasing time. The growth rate was fastest in the first five years. After 5 years, subgrade melting decreased generally with time and became stable after 15 years, reaching zero at the 30th year.
Characteristic Analysis of Welding Crack Acoustic Emission Signals Using Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transform
Authors: He Kuanfang , Li Qi , Yang Qing
Published: March 2018

The synchrosqueezed wavelet transform (SST) is introduced to conduct analysis and processing of the acoustic emission (AE) signal in the welding process. The energy distribution of the signal in the time-scale plane is compressed and reorganized by SST, which obtains the time-frequency diagram of the AE signal. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient is introduced as the criterion for removing the undesirable frequency components, which can effectively eliminate the noise and retain the characteristics of the welding crack AE signal. The test experiment of the AE signals in the welding process is designed. The time-frequency distribution characteristics of the AE signals in the welding process are described and extracted by SST, which is characterized by high aggregation and prominent instantaneous frequency information. Experimental results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of this approach to extract the AE signal physical information related to the welding crack.
The Role of Shame and Self-Criticism in Social Anxiety: A Daily-Diary Study in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Lazarus Gal , Shahar Ben
Published: March 2018

We sought to explore the daily association between shame and self-criticism, and the extent to which this association varies as a function of social anxiety symptoms. Fifty-nine undergraduate students completed a measure of social anxiety symptoms at a baseline meeting and then completed measures of shame experienced during significant social interactions and self-criticism following those interactions twice daily for 10 days. Social anxiety symptoms predicted more shame during daily social interactions and more self-criticism following them. Additionally, shame predicted subsequent self-criticism. This relationship was moderated by levels of social anxiety symptoms, such that those with higher levels of social anxiety symptoms exhibited high levels of self-criticism following daily social interactions characterized by both high and low shame, whereas those with lower levels of social anxiety symptoms showed high levels of self-criticism only after interactions with high levels of shame. These findings are consistent with the notion that self-criticism may serve as a regulatory coping method when experiencing shame, and that social anxiety difficulties are related to an inflexibly high level of self-criticism.
Examination of Responses Involved in Contamination Aversion Based on Threat Type
Authors: Rouel Melissa , Stevenson Richard J. , Smith Evelyn
Published: March 2018

There is evidence that different types of contaminants produce different responses and have different motivations for avoidance. Contaminants directly associated with disease (direct contaminants) are motivated by disgust avoidance, whereas contaminants indirectly associated with disease (indirect contaminants) and contaminants associated with harmful substances (harm contaminants) are motivated by harm avoidance and threat estimations. This study aims to confirm this distinction between contaminant types and examine the role of cognitive load, awareness and time on processing these threats. One hundred and four participants completed three chain of contagion tasks with direct, indirect, and harm contaminants. Cognitive load, awareness of contamination and time were manipulated during the tasks. Consistent with previous findings, direct contaminants produced stronger disgust responses, while harm and indirect contaminants produced stronger threat estimations. Increasing cognitive load did not impact processing of any type of contaminant. There was evidence that a time delay reduced the spread of contagion for all contaminants. This highlights the importance of time in altering the perception of contamination threat. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Management of Mitral Regurgitation in a Patient Contemplating Pregnancy
Authors: Sun Yee-Ping , O’Gara Patrick T.
Published: March 2018

Management of rheumatic mitral regurgitation in a woman contemplating pregnancy presents unique challenges for the clinician. When tasked with taking care of this type of patient, attention needs to be paid to the patient’s functional status to determine if symptoms are present. In addition to this clinical assessment, transthoracic echocardiography is also critical. It provides insight into the etiology of the mitral regurgitation, assesses for the presence of concomitant mitral stenosis or other valvular abnormalities, characterizes the severity of mitral regurgitation through an integrative approach and identifies high risk findings including progressive left ventricular (LV) dilation and LV dysfunction. Surgical intervention is recommended for symptomatic patients and in asymptomatic patients with evidence of progressive LV dilation and a LV ejection fraction of less than 60%. While the presence of pulmonary hypertension and atrial fibrillation have been shown to be risk factors in degenerative mitral regurgitation, the same has not been demonstrated in rheumatic mitral valve disease. While mitral regurgitation may be reasonably well tolerated during pregnancy, symptomatic patients are at higher risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and therefore, it is recommended that mitral valve surgery be performed prior to pregnancy. Once the decision has been made to proceed to surgery, mitral repair, performed at a Heart Valve Center of Excellence is recommended if possible due to improved outcomes. Mitral valve repair is possible in >80% cases of rheumatic mitral regurgitation. If repair is not possible, replacement with either a bioprosthetic or mechanical valve are reasonable options. There are advantages and disadvantages to each approach and the choice of prosthesis should be a shared decision between the patient and her treatment team.
Collateral Projections Innervate the Mammillary Bodies and Retrosplenial Cortex: A New Category of Hippocampal Cells
Authors: Kinnavane Lisa , Vann Seralynne D. , Nelson Andrew J. D. , O’Mara Shane M. , Aggleton John P.
Published: March 2018

To understand the hippocampus, it is necessary to understand the subiculum. Unlike other hippocampal subfields, the subiculum projects to almost all distal hippocampal targets, highlighting its critical importance for external networks. The present studies, in male rats and mice, reveal a new category of dorsal subiculum neurons that innervate both the mammillary bodies (MBs) and the retrosplenial cortex (RSP). These bifurcating neurons comprise almost half of the hippocampal cells that project to RSP. The termination of these numerous collateral projections was visualized within the medial mammillary nucleus and the granular RSP (area 29). These collateral projections included subiculum efferents that cross to the contralateral MBs. Within the granular RSP, the collateral projections form a particularly dense plexus in deep Layer II and Layer III. This retrosplenial termination site colocalized with markers for VGluT2 and neurotensin. While efferents from the hippocampal CA fields standardly collateralize, subiculum projections often have only one target site. Consequently, the many collateral projections involving the RSP and the MBs present a relatively unusual pattern for the subiculum, which presumably relates to how both targets have complementary roles in spatial processing. Furthermore, along with the anterior thalamic nuclei, the MBs and RSP are key members of a memory circuit, which is usually described as both starting and finishing in the hippocampus. The present findings reveal how the hippocampus simultaneously engages different parts of this circuit, so forcing an important revision of this network.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SOME PROPERTIES AND OXIDATION STABILITY DURING STORAGE OF BUTTER PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT ANIMALS' MILK
Authors: ÇAKMAKÇI Songül , TAHMAS KAHYAOĞLU Deren
Published: March 2018

In this study, butter produced
from cow, sheep and goat cream and was examined during a 90 day storage period
at 4°C. A total of 42 samples produced and were analysed at 1st, 15th,
30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th
days. It was found that butter type and storage period had significant effect
on the pH value, titratable acidity, acid value, fat constants, peroxide and
thiobarbituric acid values, β-carotene and vitamin A amounts of the butter
samples. The pH value, iodine number, b value and vitamin A amounts
decreased during the storage in all the types of butter, whereas titratable
acidity, acid value, Reichert-Meissl, Polenske and saponification numbers and
oxidation increased. β-carotene was detected only in butter produced from cow
milk creams which decreased during storage. Sensory analysis points decreased
in all the butter samples during the storage the highest point belonging to the
butter produced from cows’ milk.
İZMİR’DE SATIŞA SUNULAN SU ÜRÜNLERİNDE KOAGÜLAZ POZİTİF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS’UN İNSİDANSI VE ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENCİ
Authors: Öztürk Fatma , Gündüz Hatice
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir’de satışa sunulan çiğ ve
tüketime hazır su ürünlerinde koagülaz pozitif Staphylococcus aureus
varlığının tespit edilerek, antibiyotik dirençlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu
amaçla çiğ ve tüketime hazır su ürünlerinden oluşan 50 örnek analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda, 24 çiğ su ürününün %58’inde ve 26 tüketime hazır su
ürününün %46’sında koagülaz pozitif S. aureus tespit edilmiştir. İzole
edilen tüm S. aureus suşları, seftazidim, gentamisin, klindamisin,
nitrofurantoin, ofloksasin, oksasilin, rifampisin, vankomisin ve amikasine
duyarlı bulunurken, izolatların %7,7’si amoksisilin-klavulanik asit ve
siprofloksasine, %3.8’i sefalotine, %30.8’i metisiline, %80.8 penisiline ve
%19.2’si linezolide dirençli bulunmuştur. Koagülaz pozitif S. aureus
tüketiciler ve gıda güvenliği için potansiyel bir tehlike olarak
değerlendirilmektedir. Bu patojenin gıdalara bulaşmasını engellemek için,
üretim ve satış alanlarında hijyen ve sanitasyon koşullarına dikkat etmek
gerekmektedir.
KIRMIZI ÜZÜM SUYU ÜRETİM SÜRECİNDE RESVERATROL MİKTARI VE BİYOAKTİF ÖZELLİKLERDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER
Authors: GÜLCÜ Mehmet , DAĞLIOĞLU Figen
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırma kapsamında, kırmızı üzüm çeşitlerinden üzüm
suyu üretim sürecinde biyoaktif özellikler (toplam fenolik madde, antiradikal
aktivite, toplam antosiyanin) ve resveratrol miktarlarında meydana gelen
stabilite veya değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Cabarnet
Sauvignon ve Papazkarası üzüm çeşitleri kullanılarak kırmızı üzüm suyu üretimi
gerçekleştirilmiş, işleme sürecinde belirlenen proses basamaklarında örnekler
alınarak incelenmiştir. Örneklerdeki resveratrol miktarları, C18 ters faz kolon
ve floresans dedektörle kombine edilmiş HPLC sistemi kullanılarak
belirlenmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde, toplam antosiyanin, DPPH serbest radikal
yakalama ve ABTS radikal yakalama kapasitesi değerleri spektrofotometrik
yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Üzüm suyu üretim sürecinde, özellikle durultma ve
kaba filtrasyon işlemlerinin biyoaktif özelliklerde kayıplara yol açtığı, genel
olarak proses boyunca resveratrolde artışlar olurken, toplam fenolik madde ve
antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin ise daha stabil kaldığı görülmüştür. İşleme
sürecinde en fazla kayıp toplam antosiyanin miktarlarında meydana gelmiş,
başlangıç değerlerine göre kayıp oranı %50’nin üzerinde olmuştur.
Functional Validation of Candidate Genes Detected by Genomic Feature Models
Authors: Rohde Palle Duun , Østergaard Solveig , Kristensen Torsten Nygaard , Sørensen Peter , Loeschcke Volker , Mackay Trudy F C , Sarup Pernille
Published: March 2018

Understanding the genetic underpinnings of complex traits requires knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to phenotypic variability. Reliable statistical approaches are needed to obtain such knowledge. In genome-wide association studies, variants are tested for association with trait variability to pinpoint loci that contribute to the quantitative trait. Because stringent genome-wide significance thresholds are applied to control the false positive rate, many true causal variants can remain undetected. To ameliorate this problem, many alternative approaches have been developed, such as genomic feature models (GFM). The GFM approach tests for association of set of genomic markers, and predicts genomic values from genomic data utilizing prior biological knowledge. We investigated to what degree the findings from GFM have biological relevance. We used the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel to investigate locomotor activity, and applied genomic feature prediction models to identify gene ontology (GO) categories predictive of this phenotype. Next, we applied the covariance association test to partition the genomic variance of the predictive GO terms to the genes within these terms. We then functionally assessed whether the identified candidate genes affected locomotor activity by reducing gene expression using RNA interference. In five of the seven candidate genes tested, reduced gene expression altered the phenotype. The ranking of genes within the predictive GO term was highly correlated with the magnitude of the phenotypic consequence of gene knockdown. This study provides evidence for five new candidate genes for locomotor activity, and provides support for the reliability of the GFM approach.
Whole-Genome Analysis Illustrates Global Clonal Population Structure of the Ubiquitous Dermatophyte Pathogen Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Persinoti Gabriela F , Martinez Diego A , Li Wenjun , Döğen Aylin , Billmyre R Blake , Averette Anna , Goldberg Jonathan M , Shea Terrance , Young Sarah , Zeng Qiandong , Oliver Brian G , Barton Richard , Metin Banu , Hilmioğlu-Polat Süleyha , Ilkit Macit , Gräser Yvonne , Martinez-Rossi Nilce M , White Theodore C , Heitman Joseph , Cuomo Christina A
Published: March 2018

Dermatophytes include fungal species that infect humans, as well as those that also infect other animals or only grow in the environment. The dermatophyte species Trichophyton rubrum is a frequent cause of skin infection in immunocompetent individuals. While members of the T. rubrum species complex have been further categorized based on various morphologies, their population structure and ability to undergo sexual reproduction are not well understood. In this study, we analyze a large set of T. rubrum and T. interdigitale isolates to examine mating types, evidence of mating, and genetic variation. We find that nearly all isolates of T. rubrum are of a single mating type, and that incubation with T. rubrum “morphotype” megninii isolates of the other mating type failed to induce sexual development. While the region around the mating type locus is characterized by a higher frequency of SNPs compared to other genomic regions, we find that the population is remarkably clonal, with highly conserved gene content, low levels of variation, and little evidence of recombination. These results support a model of recent transition to asexual growth when this species specialized to growth on human hosts.
El cambio climático: un caso de securitización exitosa del medio ambiente
Authors: CASADO CLARO Maria Francisca
Published: March 2018

A comienzos de la década de 1980, la seguridad medioambiental no formaba parte de las corrientes prevalentes en los estudios internacionales de seguridad; un mainstream del que sería sin embargo complicado imaginar que no formara parte en la actualidad. Aunque continúa desarrollándose y avanzando en la agenda política, la seguridad medioambiental ha pasado de ser inicialmente un campo controvertido y debatido a ser considerado un agravante de conflictos o condiciones preexistentes y de ahí a tener entidad propia, impulsado por preocupaciones existenciales de primer orden, como el cambio climático en la época del Antropoceno.
Comenzamos este artículo revisando el concepto de seguridad medioambiental, para luego abordar el marco de análisis de la Escuela de Copenhague y su aplicación al sector de la seguridad medioambiental, con el objetivo de analizar la securitización exitosa del cambio climático por parte de la comunidad internacional.
Las gestiones de Fernández y el conflicto palestino-israelí: ajuste en un marco de continuidad de la política de equidistancia
Authors: FABANI Ornela
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del trabajo reside en describir y analizar el posicionamiento de las gestiones de Cristina Fernández (2007-2015) frente al conflicto palestino-israelí prestando particular atención a las instancias de cambio, ajuste y/o continuidad de la política de equidistancia que tradicionalmente Argentina ha abrazado frente a la disputa.
Con vistas a dicho análisis se parte de la siguiente afirmación: Durante las administraciones de Fernández, Argentina protagonizó un acercamiento a la contraparte palestina dando lugar a un ajuste de su política exterior frente al conflicto que se produjo en un marco general de continuidad de la política de equidistancia. Como correlato, en el periodo de referencia no existió un cambio en la política frente a la controversia que implique un quiebre del patrón de equidistancia, pero sí un ajuste de la misma.
Metodológicamente se opta por un abordaje cualitativo recurriendo tanto a la utilización de fuentes secundarias como primarias, entre ellas, entrevistas a informantes/actores clave.
Análisis global de las nuevas relaciones estado/ciudadano en el marco del neoliberalismo político del siglo XXI
Authors: CASTRO VALDEBENITO Hugo Jose
Published: March 2018

Las discusiones a nivel académico, a propósito de la evolución contemporánea de los conceptos de ciudadano y ciudadanía, han puesto en evidencia la necesidad de adecuarlos a la realidad actual de las relaciones internacionales. El  quiebre del estado-nación, enmarcado en un proceso de institucionalización neoliberal, ha generado una crisis de representación y legitimidad política, que afecta directamente las relaciones entre el ciudadano y el estado-nación. Por otro lado, el aumento del fenómeno migratorio sur–norte, y los avances en el reconocimiento jurídico de las ciudadanías múltiples por parte de algunos países, hacen necesario realizar una reconceptualización de las nuevas relaciones estado/ciudadano en el siglo XXI.
En este artículo plantea desde un análisis sistémico la importancia del fenómeno migratorio en la formación de la sociedad civil internacional, rompiendo la tradicional relación de vinculación jurídico/territorial entre el ciudadano y el estado-nación. El principal eje metodológico de este estudio está dado por la comparación histórica en el desarrollo de concepto contemporáneo de ciudadanía, y su relación con la migración, en la creación y conceptualización de un nuevo trato ciudadano/ estado, de carácter global y desterritorializado.
Repensar la relación entre seguridad y ciudadanía: La regulación europea de la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual como caso de estudio
Authors: RUBIO GRUNDELL Lucrecia
Published: March 2018

Este articulo parte de la securitización de la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en la Unión Europea para repensar la relación entre seguridad y ciudadanía. Los estudios críticos de seguridad han comenzado a abordar esta relación recientemente, centrándose en analizar los procesos de securitización de la ciudadanía, así como su uso en procesos de securitización, e identificando la constitución de la comunidad política como el ámbito más claro en el que ambas confluyen. La securitización de la trata, sin embargo, cuenta con tres especificidades que nos obligan a repensar el concepto de ciudadanía, así como su relación con la seguridad: el contexto transnacional en el que tiene lugar, la importancia del género y la sexualidad en los procesos de inclusión y exclusión a los que da lugar, y la existencia de una red transnacional de defensa de las personas trabajadoras del sexo que se sirve del concepto de ciudadanía para luchar contra dicha securitización. El artículo, por tanto, propone introducir tres innovaciones en el marco teórico empleado por los estudios críticos de seguridad para abordar la relación entre seguridad y ciudadanía, adecuándolo así al caso específico de la trata: primero, propone situar dicha relación en el contexto de globalización en el que actualmente opera; segundo, traer a colación los conceptos de ciudadanía sexual y de género, y en particular, el debate surgido en torno a su relación con las prácticas orientalistas e imperialistas de las democracias liberales occidentales; y tercero, recuperar la dimensión ambivalente de la ciudadanía para resaltar su potencial emancipatorio.
Las políticas de ciudadanía en los estados del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo
Authors: ZACCARA Luciano , SALDAÑA MARTIN Marta
Published: March 2018

Este artículo explora los marcos legales de ciudadanía y naturalización de los seis estados del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo, y analiza cómo han sido utilizados desde el establecimiento de los estados modernos hasta la actualidad, con especial atención a los acontecimientos posteriores a la Primavera Árabe. En este contexto, se investiga en qué medida ha afectado el carácter rentista de los estados del Golfo al diseño de sus políticas de ciudadanía y naturalización; cuáles son los principales aspectos de dicha legislación en cada país; qué diferencias hay entre la utilización de los marcos legales antes y después de la Primavera Árabe; qué reformas legales se han llevado a cabo tras de la Primavera Árabe; y con qué objetivos se ha concedido o revocado la ciudadanía. El artículo concluye que las políticas de ciudadanía de los estados del CCG han sido un aspecto fundamental de la construcción del Estado-nación y del establecimiento de la relación Estado-sociedad, así como parte esencial de una muy elaborada estrategia para garantizar la estabilidad, supervivencia y legitimación de los regímenes políticos, con mayor énfasis desde la Primavera Árabe.
Migraciones y relaciones de poder en la agricultura global contemporánea: entre actualidad y ruptura de la herencia colonial
Authors: AVALLONE Gennaro
Published: March 2018

El artículo siguiente sostiene dos hipótesis. Por un lado, la existencia de una tendencia a la naturalización de las condiciones de explotación de los trabajadores migrantes en la agricultura contemporánea como un hecho relacionado con la herencia colonial de dominación. Y por el otro lado, se propone reconocer la presencia de las tendencias que cuestionan este proceso de naturalización, ellas también conectadas con el pasado colonial.
El análisis se desarrolla en seis apartados. En el primer apartado se propone el estudio de algunos ejemplos de enclaves agrícolas caracterizados por la inserción de mano de obra migrante. En los apartados dos y tres, el análisis evidencia algunas características estructurales de las vigentes relaciones sociales y de poder en la agricultura global.
En los apartados cuatro y cinco, se pone en evidencia la originalidad del espacio político postcolonial, en el que los sujetos fuera del espacio político como los migrantes pueden convertirse en actores de transformación política y social.
En el apartado seis se presentan las conclusiones del análisis realizado, mostrando la posibilidad de actualizar el lado conflictivo de la herencia colonial, transformando el espacio político postcolonial a través de movimientos sociales heréticos orientados a producir una ruptura del orden político fundando en el principio de separación entre nacionales y no nacionales.
Filantropía y asistencialismo. Fórmulas de legitimación de los programas de contratación en origen de temporeros agrícolas extranjeros en Cataluña
Authors: ACHÓN RODRÍGUEZ Olga
Published: March 2018

En el presente trabajo abordamos críticamente el papel que ha jugado la principal organización empresarial catalana, Unió de Pagesos (UP), como gestora de proyectos asistencialistas en Cataluña y de codesarrollo en Colombia, establecidos al alero de las contrataciones en origen de temporeros agrícolas. Desde el establecimiento de las primeras contrataciones colectivas de trabajadores en origen en Cataluña, UP ha desarrollado y perfeccionado un modelo de corte filantrópico basado en la asistencia social en destino y la generación de programas de codesarrollo en origen, que sirve al propósito de la legitimación de su sistema de suministro de mano de obra. Ha sido gracias a su fundación Agricultores Solidarios que este modelo filantrópico asistencialista se ha desarrollado tanto en lo que a los proyectos de formación y asistencia social se refiere, como en lo tocante a los cursos de formación de agentes de codesarrollo y a la implementación de los proyectos de codesarrollo. La realización del trabajo de campo nos proporciona material para la interpretación de estos programas asistencialistas, como proyectos de disciplina social útiles a la legitimación del sistema de reclutamiento e importación de mano de obra.
Disciplinamiento y fuga. Subjetividades de trabajadores migrantes mexicanos en Nueva York
Authors: CORDERO DÍAZ Blanca Laura
Published: March 2018

Este artículo muestra el carácter contradictorio en las subjetividades que ponen en juego migrantes mexicanos de origen rural al insertarse mayoritariamente al mercado de trabajo de los restaurantes y a la vida en Nueva York. Teniendo “el poder despótico del capital” y la “fuga” del “trabajo vivo” como ejes polares de las relaciones de poder en las que se mueven los migrantes, se muestra, con base en un caso etnográfico, que las subjetividades y las prácticas nunca se mueven en un sólo sentido de estos polos, sino que están atravesadas por el antagonismo. Así, se analiza cómo los migrantes se disciplinan, al mismo tiempo que desafían el carácter embridado del trabajo que realizan en los restaurantes, donde la disposición y explotación de su mano de obra se produce por una combinación de ilegalización, precarización y subjetivación. En consecuencia, se presentan distintos sentidos de “fuga” desde el punto de vista de las visiones de los migrantes en torno a la subordinación y a la disciplina del trabajo en Nueva York, en contraposición a la subordinación del trabajo campesino en su localidad de origen, desde el punto de vista de un campo multipolar de defección y sustracción, en donde las “fugas” parecen más las marcas de un proceso tenso y contradictorio de transiciones constantes, que líneas unidireccionales de huida.
Politicisation and Depoliticisation of Migration: Discourses and Practices of the International Organisation for Migration
Authors: PÉCOUD Antoine
Published: March 2018

The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) is a sparsely studied organisation, whose mandate includes, however, one of the most politicised issues currently present in Western countries.  This article outlines the history, doctrine and practices of the IOM.  We will show that although it has been a weak organisation for a long time, in a context where migratory policies don’t respond to a robust international regime, the IOM has been able to impose itself -from the 1990s- as an essential actor in globalization and the externalization of such policies.  The strategy of the IOM consists of depoliticising the challenges of the migratory phenomena, and of promoting the technical management of migrations, centering on the economic utility that these would represent for all parts (countries of origin, destination countries, and the migrants).  Such a strategy allows it to seem like a neutral intermediary, accepted as much by states, civil society and the private sector.  However, this depoliticisation finds itself accompanied by an alignment of the IOM with the immigration interests of Western countries, which makes highly political interventions possible, especially in the migrants’ countries of origin.
Horticultores bolivianos en el interior de la Argentina. Procesos de inmigración, trabajo y asentamiento conflictivo
Authors: BENENCIA Roberto
Published: March 2018

Los inmigrantes bolivianos que se radicaron en áreas rurales del interior de la Argentina, y se dedicaron a la producción hortícola en fresco, si bien fueron minoritarios respecto de los que accedieron al cinturón hortícola de Buenos Aires, transitaron trayectorias similares a las de éstos, pero en algunos aspectos tuvieron que construir otras particulares, relacionadas con las características intrínsecas de las culturas locales.
 
La actividad hortícola en el cinturón verde de la ciudad de Río Cuarto ?provincia de Córdoba? ha experimentado importantes transformaciones en los últimos veinticinco años, impulsada por la llegada de los primeros migrantes de nacionalidad boliviana al sector, a inicios de la década de los ´90. De igual modo a como ocurrió en otros cinturones hortícolas del país, el horticultor boliviano introdujo un modelo productivo basado en la utilización de semillas de elevado potencial genético, expansión de la producción en invernadero, modificaciones en la organización del trabajo y cambios en la tecnología de sistemas de riego, habilidades que había aprendido en otras áreas hortícolas de la Argentina; esto derivó en la consolidación de un importante núcleo de producción diversificada de hortalizas, tanto en cantidad como en calidad, para la ciudad de Río Cuarto y una amplia zona de influencia.
Agricultura global, impacto local. Una visión científica desde lo político / Entrevista a Andrés PEDREÑO CÁNOVAS
Authors: MOLINERO GERBEAU Yoan , SERRANO SANGUILINDA Inmaculada , MORENO AMADOR Gracia
Published: March 2018

Entrevista a Andrés PEDREÑO CÁNOVAS
Una visión de la frontera sur desde los derechos humanos / Entrevista a HELENA MALENO
Authors: MOLINERO GERBEAU Yoan , SERRANO SANGUILINDA Inmaculada , MORENO-AMADOR Gracia
Published: March 2018

Entrevista a Helena MALENO
Una sociología histórica global de la construcción del estado racionalizado en la modernidad internacional
Authors: AHEDO SANTISTEBAN Angel Manuel
Published: March 2018

El estado es una institución clave en la modernidad internacional. Desde sus orígenes al estado se le ha supuesto y reconocido una capacidad racional y funcional. Este estatus racional del estado ha sido incorporado a la realidad naturalizada en la modernidad internacional contemporánea y se ha constituido como estado racionalizado. El análisis de la construcción social del estado racionalizado se centra en la relación entre ideologías e ideas y las dinámicas de las estructuras sociales. El análisis se organiza en un doble eje. Primero, el eje interior y exterior de los estados en la historia occidental: se distingue entre la dimensión interior respecto al orden social interno y la dimensión exterior en la relación con otros estados y sociedades. Segundo, el eje occidente y no-occidente: el enfoque global aspira a superar el etnocentrismo occidental, y reconoce que el mundo no-occidental ha sido es una referencia clave para la construcción del estado racionalizado. Se concluye que: primero, el estado racionalizado ha sido una construcción histórica, social y cultural liderada por los países europeos y occidentales en relación a y con la realidad no-occidental; y en segundo lugar, que el estado racionalizado es un factor clave en la creciente multipolaridad en las relaciones internacionales.
Bosentan Inducing Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: De Araujo Alexandre , Mantovani Augusto , Cerski Carlos Thadeu Schmidt , Lopes Antonio Barros , Bortoncello Luiza Cristina , Gazzana Marcelo Basso , Cheinquer Hugo
Published: March 2018

A 41-year-old woman diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension presented symptoms despite the use of vasodilators, requiring treatment with bosentan. Previously, the patient had no signs of autoimmunity and had normal liver function. After three years of bosentan use, aminotransferase levels increased, without improvement after bosentan suspension, leading to complementary investigation. The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis was confirmed by biopsy, already in the stage of cirrhosis. In conclusion, in case of aminotransferase levels that remain persistently elevated, despite the reduction in doses and/or suspension of bosentan, autoimmune hepatitis must be investigated and treated urgently due to possibly rapid progression to cirrhosis.
Brunner’s Gland Hyperplasia – a Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Bancila Ion , Becheanu Gabriel , Dumbrava Mona , Costache Roxana , Gheorghe Cristian
Published: March 2018

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Hemorrhagic Events in Adult Celiac Disease Patients. Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dima Alina , Jurcut Ciprian , Manolache Anca , Balaban Daniel Vasile , Popp Alina , Jinga Mariana
Published: March 2018

Background & Aims: Celiac disease (CD) presents with a wide spectrum of extra-digestive symptoms, including hemorrhagic manifestations. The aim of this review was to conduct an extensive analysis of the hemorrhagic events reported in adult CD patients.Methods: Case report and review of the literature. Pubmed (MEDLINE) database search from January 1970 onwards was performed using the medical subject headings [MeSH] terms “celiac disease” AND “blood coagulation disorders”, “hemorrhage”, “hematoma”, “hematuria”, “hemoptysis”, “epistaxis”, “hemosiderosis”.Only case reports were identified on the search theme. Information on patients’ characteristics, diagnostic features, coagulation parameters, symptomatology duration, and evolution under treatment were systematically collected and summarized.Results: We present the case of a 40-year-old man hospitalized for spontaneous muscular hematomas, in whom CD was diagnosed. We performed a review of the literature and summarized the published case reports of 46 CD patients, aged between 19 and 74 years, 64% of male gender. In 25% of cases, the symptomatology was present for more than 5 years prior to CD diagnosis. The clinical hemorrhagic events were as follows: 15 patients had gastrointestinal bleeding, 9 hemoptysis, 4 epistaxis, 6 hematuria, 8 cutaneous hematoma, petechia or ecchymoses, and only in 1 case hemarthrosis, hemorrhagic vesicular dermatitis, subcortical hemorrhage, or adrenal hemorrhage. Sixty percent of the patients had digestive symptoms, while the rest had only extradigestive CD involvement. The Lane Hamilton syndrome was defined in 15 patients. The evolution under a gluten-free diet was favorable in most cases.Conclusion: This review of case reports aims to increase awareness to hemorrhagic events, rare but possible life-threatening conditions, as part of the CD clinical spectrum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of all types of hemorrhagic events in adult CD patients.
EUS-guided Radiofrequency Ablation (EUS-RFA) of Solid Pancreatic Neoplasm Using an 18-gauge Needle Electrode: Feasibility, Safety, and Technical Success
Authors: Crinò Stefano Francesco , D’Onofrio Mirko , Bernardoni Laura , Frulloni Luca , Iannelli Michele , Malleo Giuseppe , Paiella Salvatore , Larghi Alberto , Gabbrielli Armando
Published: March 2018

Background & Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) is a promising technique for the treatment of pancreatic neoplasm. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and technical success of pancreatic EUS-RFA performed in a single center.Methods: 9 consecutive patients (8 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 1 with renal cancer metastasis) were referred for EUS-RFA between November 2016 and July 2017. EUS-RFA was performed using 18-gauge internally cooled electrode with a 5 or 10 mm exposed tip. Feasibility, technical success or early and late adverse events were assessed.Results: One patient was excluded because of a large necrotic portion. EUS-RFA was feasible in all the other 8 (100%) cases. An ablated area inside the tumor was achieved in all treated patients. No early or late major adverse event was observed after a mean follow-up of 6 months. Three patients experienced mild postprocedural abdominal pain.Conclusions: EUS-RFA seems a feasible, safe, and effective procedure for pancreatic neoplasms. Its role in the treatment and management of pancreatic masses must be further investigated.
Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma Arising at the Papilla of Vater
Authors: Kent Ilan , Edelstein Evgeny , Levin Olga , Wiener Yaron
Published: March 2018

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Collagenous Gastritis Observed by Magnifying Narrow-Band Imaging Endoscopy
Authors: Kawasaki Keisuke , Fujita Yasuko , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: March 2018

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Pepsinogen Test for the Evaluation of Precancerous Changes in Gastric Mucosa: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Sjomina Olga , Pavlova Jelizaveta , Daugule Ilva , Janovic Pavel , Kikuste Ilze , Vanags Aigars , Tolmanis Ivars , Rudzite Dace , Polaka Inese , Kojalo Ilona , Liepniece-Karele Inta , Isajevs Sergejs , Santare Daiga , Pirags Valdis , Pahomova Jelena , Dzerve Vilnis , Tzivian Lilian , Erglis Andrejs , Leja Marcis
Published: March 2018

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the rationale of blood pepsinogen (PG) testing in population based screening settings.Methods: Participants from a cross-sectional population-based study of cardiovascular risk factors in Latvia were invited to participate in the current study. Pepsinogen I and II were measured in blood samples taken during the initial study and at follow-up; upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. There were three groups of patients: with moderately decreased (PG I< 70 ng/ml and PG I/PG II ratio < 3), with strongly decreased (PG I< 30 ng/ml and PG I/PG II ratio < 2), and with normal PG level. Biopsy with H. pylori detection was performed (updated Sydney system).Results: Results from 259 patients were analyzed. Pepsinogens were decreased in 133 (51.4%), H. pylori was positive in 177 (66.0%) cases. Mean age was significantly lower in patients with normal compared to strongly decreased PG level group (52.8 vs. 64.1 years, p<0.001). Prevalence of severe corpus atrophy was higher in the strongly decreased compared to the normal PG test group: 7.0% vs. 0%; the same tendency was noted in the distribution of OLGA stages III-IV – 10.5% and 0.0%, OLGIM stages III-IV – 3.5% and 0%, and low-grade dysplasia – 15.8% and 2.4% (p<0.05). Two cases of gastric cancer were found; both presented decreased PG levels. A strong association between H. pylori eradication and PG ratio dynamics was found (p<0.05).Conclusions: All high-risk lesions were found in the decreased PG test groups; two cancer cases were revealed.However, PG demonstrated low specificity and low value of repeated testing. The value of PG as a sole test for gastric cancer risk is limited.