bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Game Theory and Business Ethics
Authors: Vanderschraaf Peter
Published: April 2013

In 1954, Richard Braithwaite chose as the topic of his inaugural lecture at Cambridge The Theory of Games as a Tool for the Moral Philosopher. Braithwaite argued that by using the recently developed mathematical theory of games, philosophers could resolve certain problems in moral philosophy previously considered unsolvable. Formal game theory is a product of the twentieth century. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern established game theory as an important new branch of social science with the publication of their 1944 treatise Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. However, the basic idea that motivates game theory has much older intellectual roots in the work of philosophers such as Hobbes (1651) and Hume (1740). This basic idea can be expressed in the following way: How agents behave in a given social interaction depends crucially upon their reciprocal expectations. To give an example adapted from Braithwaite’s lecture, if you and I wish to have a telephone conversation, then exactly one of us must call. I should wait for your call precisely when I expect you to call, which you should do when you expect me to wait. Even in an example this simple, issues of fairness can come into play. We both want to coordinate our behavior and have our telephone chat. But each of us may prefer to call, so as to avoid having the other pay for the call. Braithwaite used game theory to model this example, and to propose a method for assigning the roles of caller and receiver equitably. He conjectured that this method could be applied in general to problems of distributive justice.
Cancer Immunotherapies Ignited by a Thorough Machine Learning‐Based Selection of Neoantigens
Authors: Jurczak Sebastian , Druchok Maksym
Published: July 2024

Identification of neoantigens, derived from somatic DNA alterations, emerges as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapies. However, not all somatic mutations result in immunogenicity, hence, efficient tools to predict the immunogenicity of neoepitopes are needed. A pipeline is presented that provides a comprehensive solution for the identification of neoepitopes based on genomic sequencing data. The pipeline consists of a data pre‐processing step and three machine learning predictive steps. The pre‐processing step analyzes genomic data for different types of alterations, produces a list of all possible antigens, and determines the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type and T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The first predictive step performs a classification into antigens and neoantigens, selecting neoantigens for further consideration. The next step predicts the strength of binding between neoantigens and available major histocompatibility complexes of class I (MHC‐I). The third step is engaged to predict the likelihood of inducing an immune response. Neoepitopes satisfying all three predictive stages are assumed to be potent candidates to ensure immunogenicity. The predictive pipeline is used in two regimes: selecting neoantigens from patients' sequencing data and generating novel neoantigen candidates. Two different techniques — Monte Carlo and Reinforcement Learning – are implemented to facilitate the generative regime.
Breast Tumor Cell Survival and Morphology in a Brain‐like Extracellular Matrix Depends on Matrix Composition and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Türker Esra , Andrade Mier Mateo S. , Faber Jessica , Padilla Padilla Selma J. , Murenu Nicoletta , Stahlhut Philipp , Lang Gregor , Lamberger Zan , Weigelt Jeanette , Schaefer Natascha , Tessmar Jörg , Strissel Pamela L. , Blunk Torsten , Budday Silvia , Strick Reiner , Villmann Carmen
Published: July 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive type of breast cancer with high risk of brain metastasis. To better understand interactions between breast tumors with the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), a 3D cell culture model is implemented using a thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA‐SH) based hydrogel. The latter is used as HA represents a major component of brain ECM. Melt‐electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds of box‐ and triangular‐shaped polycaprolactone (PCL) micro‐fibers for hydrogel reinforcement are utilized. Two different molecular weight HA‐SH materials (230 and 420 kDa) are used with elastic moduli of 148 ± 34 Pa (soft) and 1274 ± 440 Pa (stiff). Both hydrogels demonstrate similar porosities. The different molecular weight of HA‐SH, however, significantly changes mechanical properties, e.g., stiffness, nonlinearity, and hysteresis. The breast tumor cell line MDA‐MB‐231 forms mainly multicellular aggregates in both HA‐SH hydrogels but sustains high viability (75%). Supplementation of HA‐SH hydrogels with ECM components does not affect gene expression but improves cell viability and impacts cellular distribution and morphology. The presence of other brain cell types further support numerous cell–cell interactions with tumor cells. In summary, the present 3D cell culture model represents a novel tool establishing a disease cell culture model in a systematic way.
Silicon Optrode with a Micromirror‐Tip Providing Tunable Beam Profile During Infrared Neuromodulation of the Rat Neocortex
Authors: Horváth Ágoston Csaba , Mórocz Ákos , Csomai Borbála , Szabó Ágnes , Balogh‐Lantos Zsófia , Fürjes Péter , Tóth Estilla Zsófia , Fiáth Richárd , Fekete Zoltán
Published: July 2024

Infrared (IR) neuromodulation holds an increasing potential in brain research, which is fueled by novel neuroengineering approaches facilitating the exploration of the biophysical mechanism in the microscale. The group lays down the fundamentals of spatially controlled optical manipulation of inherently temperature‐sensitive neuronal populations. The concept and in vivo validation of a multifunctional, optical stimulation microdevice is presented, which expands the capabilities of conventional optrodes by coupling IR light through a monolithically integrated parabolic micromirror. Heat distribution in the irradiated volume is experimentally analyzed, and the performance of the integrated electrophysiological recording components of the device is tested in the neocortex of anesthetized rodents. Evoked single‐cell responses upon IR irradiation through the novel microtool are evaluated in multiple trials. The safe operation of the implanted device is also presented using immunohistological methods. The results confirm that shift in temperature distribution in the vicinity of the optrode tip can be controlled by the integrated photonic components, and in parallel with the optical stimulation, the device is suitable to interrogate the evoked electrophysiological activity at the single neuron level. The customizable and scalable optrode system provides a new pathway to tailor the location of the heat maximum during infrared neural stimulation.
Why academics under‐share research data: A social relational theory
Authors: Mattern Janice Bially , Kohlburn Joseph , Moulaison‐Sandy Heather
Published: July 2024

Despite their professed enthusiasm for open science, faculty researchers have been documented as not freely sharing their data; instead, if sharing data at all, they take a minimal approach. A robust research agenda in LIS has documented the data under‐sharing practices in which they engage, and the motivations they profess. Using theoretical frameworks from sociology to complement research in LIS, this article examines the broader context in which researchers are situated, theorizing the social relational dynamics in academia that influence faculty decisions and practices relating to data sharing. We advance a theory that suggests that the academy has entered a period of transition, and faculty resistance to data sharing through foot‐dragging is one response to shifting power dynamics. If the theory is borne out empirically, proponents of open access will need to find a way to encourage open academic research practices without undermining the social value of academic researchers.
Cowpea mosaic virus intratumoral immunotherapy maintains stability and efficacy after long‐term storage
Authors: Simms Andrea , Zhao Zhongchao , Cedrone Edward , Dobrovolskaia Marina A. , Steinmetz Nicole F.
Published: July 2024

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has demonstrated superior immune stimulation and efficacy as an intratumoral immunotherapy, providing a strong argument for its clinical translation. One important consideration for any new drug candidate is the long‐term stability of the drug and its formulation. Therefore, our lab has evaluated the physical stability and biological activity, that is, anti‐tumor potency, of formulations of CPMV in buffer (with and without a sucrose preservative) in multiple temperature conditions ranging from ultralow freezers to a heated incubator over a period of 9 months. We found that non‐refrigerated temperatures 37°C and room temperature quickly led to CPMV destabilization, as evidenced by significant protein and RNA degradation after just 1 week. Refrigerated storage at 4°C extended physical stability, though signs of particle breakage and RNA escape appeared after 6 and 9 months. CPMV stored in frozen conditions, including −20°C, −80°C, and liquid N2, remained intact and matched the characteristics of fresh CPMV throughout the duration of the study. The biological activity was evaluated using a murine dermal melanoma model, and efficacy followed the observed trends in physical stability: CPMV stored in refrigerated and warmer conditions exhibited decreased anti‐tumor efficacy compared to freshly prepared formulations. Meanwhile, frozen‐stored CPMV performed similarly to freshly purified CPMV, resulting in reduced tumor growth and extended survival. Data, therefore, indicates that CPMV stored long‐term in cold or frozen conditions remains stable and efficacious, providing additional support to advance this powerful plant virus to translation.
Paravalvular leak closure of a native aortic valve for cardiogenic shock post valvular surgery
Authors: Lochy Stijn , Galloo Xavier , Droogmans Steven , Eeckhout Eric
Published: July 2024

We describe the case of a 55‐year‐old patient with cardiogenic shock postsurgical mitral valve replacement, because of a native aortic valve paravalvular leak due to surgical trauma. The patient was successfully treated with a muscular ventricular septum defect device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing percutaneous device treatment of a native aortic valve paravalvular leak.
Percutaneous pulmonary aspiration thrombectomy in an adolescent fontan patient using a large‐bore system
Authors: Selleslag Sébastien , Bonne Lawrence , Rex Steffen , Cools Björn
Published: July 2024

We describe the safe and effective percutaneous pulmonary thrombectomy in an 18‐year‐old female with a Fontan circulation using the FlowTriever® device (Inari Medical®, Irvine, US). Aspiration thrombectomy of both pulmonary arteries was performed using 24 and 16 F FlowTriever® catheters retrieving large amounts of thrombus material resulting in near total angiographic recanalization.
Dynamic Control Analysis of Various Side‐Stream Quaternary Extractive Distillation Configurations
Authors: Li Min , Peng Jiarui , Zhu Xiuyu , Zhang Zhishan , Ma Yixin , Gao Jun
Published: July 2024

A thermally coupled distillation technology can bring energy‐saving benefits, but it poses challenges to process control. This article explores dynamic control of different side‐stream quaternary extractive distillation configurations. One the one hand, the open‐loop controllability of these processes is analyzed in terms of various criteria by the control design interface technology of Aspen Plus Dynamics. On the other hand, their control structures are established and examined by introducing large feed flow and composition perturbations. The results show that the triple‐side‐stream distillation still performs the best state and input–output controllability in spite of the strongest nonlinearity, and is also well resistant to large feed perturbations using a simple control structure.
Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Ziziphus jujuba Seed‐Activated Biochar
Authors: Manthira Giri Prathap , Parathasarathy Purushothaman
Published: July 2024

The present study aims to remove chromium (Cr) from a synthetic solution using Ziziphus jujube seed (ZJS)‐activated biochar (ZJSAB) as an adsorbent. Physicochemical characterization was carried out to understand the properties of ZJSAB samples. Adsorption characteristics of ZJSAB were determined using batch experiments for various temperatures, pH, dosage, concentration, and duration. The study reveals ZJSAB has 93 % efficiency in the removal of Cr for an initial concentration of 60 mg L−1 at 30 °C and 2 pH with 0.6 g L−1 dosage and 120 min duration. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order models were best fit with maximum removal efficiency for ZJSAB. When 0.3 N hydrochloric acid was introduced to a desorption study, Cr desorption was 93.47 %. The study reveals that activated biochar from ZJS was efficient for Cr removal from aqueous solutions.
Effect of Precursor Concentrations on ZnO/Graphene/Nickel Foam for Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Rosman Nurul Nabila , Shah Nur Rabiatul Adawiyah Mohd , Arifin Khuzaimah , Minggu Lorna Jeffery , Ludin Norasikin Ahmad , Yunus Rozan Mohamad
Published: July 2024

ZnO nanorods (NRs) were synthesized hydrothermally on a pre‐seeded graphene/nickel foam (NF) substrate. The effects of concentration on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell performance and hydrothermal reaction were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the precursor concentrations influenced the shape of the ZnO NRs on graphene/NF (ZGN). The X‐ray diffraction pattern for hexagonal wurtzite demonstrated strong orientation along the (002) direction. Notably, compared with the other concentrations, 0.04 M ZGN exhibited the highest photocurrent density, which was attributed to the optimal diameter and length of the rods for efficient light absorption. This research showed enhanced PEC performance, compared with existing literature, emphasizing the exceptional quality of the produced ZGN.
Study on Cracking/Oxidation/Integrated Reforming Reaction for Efficient Conversion of Biomass to High‐Quality Syngas
Authors: Chen Wenqing , He Tao , Gu Suning , Wu Jingli , Wang Zhiqi , Wu Jinhu
Published: July 2024

The advanced gasification technology of coal is mainly based on oxidation reaction and high temperature but is not suitable for biomass conversion. High tar and CO2 content are the two main issues that affect the efficiency of biomass gasification. In order to deeply convert hydrocarbons/tar and CO2 simultaneously, and enhance syngas yield, the cracking/partial oxidation/reforming reactions and their integrated reaction routes are investigated from an interrelated view. The effects of each reaction on the distribution of C/H elements in hydrocarbons/tar and syngas are illustrated. By cracking and oxidation reaction, the syngas yield can only reach 0.93 Nm3 kg−1, about 58 % of the theoretical maximum value; a large proportion of residual C/H atoms existing in stable hydrocarbons/tar/CO2/H2O are not converted. Based on the concept of lattice O oxidation combined with dry reforming, it realizes syngas yield (CO+H2) 1.56 Nm3 kg−1 with 91.6 % concentration, demonstrating that tar/hydrocarbons and CO2/H2O are converted to syngas efficiently. The effects of [O]/C ratio on gas yield represent a synergistic coordination between lattice Os oxidation and catalytic reforming reaction. Oxidation‐reforming is the optimum route for biomass conversion to high‐quality syngas.
Saccade and pupil changes in children recovering from opsoclonus‐myoclonus ataxia syndrome reveal midbrain alterations in oculomotor circuits
Authors: Munoz Douglas P. , White Brian J. , Brien Donald C. , Parbhoo Kajaal , Yea Carmen , Ann Yeh E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study measured eye movements in children with a history of opsoclonus‐myoclonus ataxia syndrome in order to identify abnormalities in saccade and pupil behavior that map onto specific alterations in brainstem pathways.

Methods

We used video‐based eye tracking while participants freely viewed 10 min of short (2–4 s) video clips without instructions. Clip transitions represented a large visual perturbation and we quantified multiple characteristics of saccade and pupil responses following these transitions in 13 children recovering from opsoclonus‐myoclonus and 13 healthy, age‐matched control participants.

Results

The frequency of saccades and distribution of fixation durations differed between the groups. Following the clip transitions, children recovering from opsoclonus‐myoclonus ataxia syndrome exhibited longer time to initiate saccades, leading to a delay in harvesting visual information. Clip transitions to lighter clips produced similar pupil constriction responses in the two groups. However, clip transitions to darker clips produced dilation responses that were initiated earlier and of greater magnitude in opsoclonus‐myoclonus ataxia syndrome, suggesting removal or suppression of a signal that delays dilation.

Interpretation

Children with a history of opsoclonus‐myoclonus ataxia syndrome demonstrated key abnormalities in saccade and pupil metrics. We propose a novel hypothesis in which dysfunction in the pathway from the superior colliculus to the mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation that houses the saccade and pupil premotor circuits could produce these results.
Targeting autophagy: A promising approach for the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Nawrocki Steffan T. , Espitia Claudia M. , Espinoza Maria Janina Carrera , Gamble Madison E. , Sureshkumar Sruthi , Chang Mengyang , Wang Wei , Carew Jennifer S.
Published: July 2024

Patients with breast tumours that metastasise to the brain have limited treatment options and a very poor prognosis. More effective therapeutic strategies are desperately needed for this patient population. Recent evidence demonstrates that brain metastases arising from breast tumours display altered energy production that results in enhanced autophagy. Preclinical studies have shown that genetically or pharmacologically disrupting the autophagy pathway significantly decreases the brain metastatic burden, resulting in improved animal survival and increased sensitivity to lapatinib. These findings pave the way for the development of novel strategies targeting autophagy for breast cancer patients with brain metastatic disease.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy training in the United States: Program structure and competence assessment
Authors: Tomizawa Yutaka
Published: July 2024

The general principles of gastrointestinal endoscopy training in the United States were formulated and summarized more than a decade ago and the principles have been consistent until now. To summarize, trainees should be prepared to (i) appropriately recommend endoscopic procedures as indicated by the findings of the consultative evaluation, with an explicit understanding of accepted specific indications, contraindications, and diagnostic/therapeutic alternatives, (ii) perform procedures safely, completely, and expeditiously, including possessing a thorough understanding of the principles of conscious sedation/analgesia techniques, the use of anesthesia‐assisted sedation where appropriate, and pre‐procedure clinical assessment and patient monitoring, (iii) correctly interpret endoscopic findings and integrate them into medical or endoscopic therapy, (iv) identify risk factors for each procedure, understand how to minimize each, and recognize and appropriately manage complications when they occur, (v) acknowledge the limitations of endoscopic procedures and personal skills and know when to request help, and (vi) understand the principles of quality measurement and improvement. This article provides an overview of the endoscopy training system and structure, evaluation scheme, and competence and credentialing process in the United States.
Multi‐objective assessment of the water‐energy‐environment‐food nexus involving a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Jesús Eduardo , Ríos‐Fuentes Brenda , Altamirano‐Corona José Luis , Estrada‐Baltazar Alejandro , Fuentes‐Cortés Luis Fabián
Published: July 2024

This work addresses the multi‐objective design of water, energy and food supply systems in isolated rural communities using local resources. The approach used considers objective functions based on life cycle analysis such as water and carbon footprint, as well as economic performance considering the application and integration of normalized metrics to address the water‐energy‐environment‐food nexus. The results show that it is possible to build robust and accessible metrics for the analysis of problems with various design objective functions in decision‐making environments. The optimization problem considers decision variables associated with the sizing of units such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, thermal and electrical energy storage, wood‐fired boilers and the integration of food production systems involving aquaculture and local corn production. Water management is associated with domestic activities and crop irrigation.
A method for detecting navigable areas in narrow rivers under complex reflection conditions
Authors: Zhang Kai , Hu Min , Yu Daoyang , Bao Yanwei
Published: July 2024

The perception of unmanned surface vehicles is significantly influenced by the detection of navigable areas in narrow rivers. Conventional semantic segmentation networks are unable to resolve the numerous interferences on the water's surface, including highlights and inverted images. To solve this problem, a river surface image reflection removal generative adversarial network (RRGAN) is proposed to eliminate the interference of harsh water surface environment. The proposed RRGAN only uses a single generator to reduce the number of parameters. By adding AdaLIN layers in the generator to enhance the ability to generate low‐reflection images, the AdaLIN encoder (AdaLINE) is proposed to automatically generate normalized affine parameters. In addition, a cycle semantic consistency loss function with a single generator is proposed to ensure that the water region of the generated images remains unchanged. Finally, a two‐stage method for detecting navigable areas is proposed. In the first stage, the RRGAN is used to remove the interference on the water surface environment. In the second stage, the semantic segmentation network is used to segment the water body from the denoised image to determine the navigable areas on the water surface. The experimental results demonstrate that, in the complex and varied narrow river environment, the suggested RRGAN method can significantly reduce the reflection interference of the water surface and improve the accuracy of the water segmentation after the reflection is removed.
Mineralization based on CSAMT data: A case study on the Gaoloushan section of Yangshan gold belt
Authors: Chen Yongling , Yang Hu , Zhan Chun , Zhang Wei , Wang Jia , Xie Dan , Wei Wei , Lamu Ciren
Published: July 2024

Yangshan gold belt (YSGB) in Gansu Province is a super‐large orogenic gold deposit located in the middle section of the Mianxian‐Lueyang arcuate suture zone (Mian‐Lue suture zone). The YSGB is mainly divided into the Gejiaowan, Anba, and Gaoloushan mine sections. The ore veins are strictly controlled by strong strain zones in the fracture zone and secondary fractures superimposed on the inherited activity and are vein‐like in general and lenticular in localities. For a long time, there have been different understandings regarding its ore‐controlling factors and mineral genesis. By utilizing controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) technology to conduct electrical characteristic studies, the deep electrical structural characteristics of the Gaoloushan section are identified, and a tectonically‐controlled geoelectric model of the deposit is established, which provides geophysical evidence for the view that the Yangshan gold mine is a tectonically‐controlled low‐temperature hydrothermal deposit in altered rock, guiding the arrangement of exploration work and identifying prospective mining areas, and thereby providing a geophysical exploration paradigm for deep exploration of large orogenic gold deposits.
Carbonized sawdust based solar absorber in a solar still for seawater desalination
Authors: Karen Wong Min Jin , Stephen Peter Advent , Wang Zhipeng , Chua Bih Lii , Liew Willey Y. H. , Melvin G. J. H.
Published: July 2024

Current industrial technologies for seawater desalination involve high cost and energy consumption, that is, distillation and reverse osmosis, where these technologies are difficult to implement especially in developing countries. A cost‐effective, environmental‐friendly, and sustainable technology is essential in providing alternative methods for generation of clean water. Solar vapor generation is one of the potential green technologies in generating clean water, where the production and collection of clean water is made possible by using a solar absorber in a solar still. The practicality and performance of the carbonized sawdust based solar absorber in a solar still for the seawater desalination towards clean water generation was conducted outdoors with gradual enhancement on the solar still setup. The enhanced solar still with reflective surface and external thermal insulator improved the solar absorber performance, in contrast to the evaporation of the bulk seawater only and using solar absorber in the solar still without any enhancement. The average efficiency and evaporation rate of the solar absorber in the enhanced solar still was recorded at 61.5% and 0.98 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. The pH (7.52) and salinity (10 ppm) of the collected clean water meets the standard of safe water by the World Health Organization.
Eco‐friendly approach to thermal energy storage: Assessing the thermal and chemical properties of coconut biochar‐enhanced phase change material
Authors: Rajamony Reji K. , Paw Johnny K. S. , Pandey Adarsh K. , Sofiah Abd G. N. , Yadav Aman , Tak Yaw C. , Kiong Tiong S. , Mohanty Asit , Soudagar Manzoore E. M. , Fouad Yasser
Published: July 2024

Phase change materials (PCMs) can absorb, store, and release substantial latent heat within a specific temperature range during phase transition and have gained huge attention due to environmental concerns and energy crises. However, PCMs have a significant downside in energy storage due to their relatively lower thermal conductivity, leading to inadequate heat transfer (HT) performance. The foremost aim of the research is to synthesize an eco‐friendly coconut shell biochar (CSB) dispersed with organic A46 PCM in the temperature range of 44°C to 46°C to form a green nanocomposite. A two‐step approach is adopted to formulate the nanocomposites with different weight concentrations (0.2% and 0.8%) of green CSB particles. The developed nanocomposite's thermal conductivity and chemical stability were examined using a thermal properties analyzer and a Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer. The developed biochar composites have excellent thermal conductivity (0.39 W/m K) compared with base PCM (0.22 W/m K). Also, the developed nanocomposites were physically mixed together; there were no additional functional groups formed compared to pristine PCM, and the prepared materials were composite. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was performed using two‐dimensional energy modeling software to ascertain the HT rate of A46 composites. These thermally energized green nanocomposites show great promise for thermal energy storage and thermal management applications like battery thermal management, photovoltaic thermal systems, desalination systems, electronic cooling, building applications, and textiles.
Energy management strategies in distribution system integrating electric vehicle and battery energy storage system: A review
Authors: Vanlalchhuanawmi C. , Deb Subhasish , Onen Ahmet , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: July 2024

The electricity sector is witnessing a rise in renewable energy sources and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, posing new challenges for distribution system. Additionally, the surge in carbon emissions resulting from industrialization and population growth continues to worsen global warming and climate change. In response, integrating electric vehicles (EVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) has emerged as a critical strategy, presenting both challenges and opportunities in effective energy management. BESSs offer potential solutions to mitigate these impacts. Furthermore, this review thoroughly explores issues related to lithium‐ion batteries, particularly in the context of EVs and energy management systems (EMS), identifies challenges, and provides recommendations for future research directions. The article concludes by outlining the current extent of investigation in the field of BESS and EV systems to provide researchers with a clear understanding. The escalation of carbon emissions stemming from industrialization and population expansion has worsened the effects of global warming and climate change. To address this challenge, the integration of Electric EVs and energy storage systems (ESS) has emerged as a pivotal strategy. This study examines optimization techniques, methodologies, and the evolving market landscape in distributed systems, with a focus on EVs and BESS. It also explores issues related to lithium‐ion batteries, particularly in the context of EVs and energy management systems. The article highlights the challenges and opportunities in the field of BESS and EV systems, emphasizing the need for ongoing research. BESSs offer potential solutions to mitigate these impacts. Moreover, it offers an extensive analysis of the existing BESS installations, outlining main areas of interest, pointing out difficulties, clarifying areas of unfinished study, and providing future directions.
Adaptation of the Foster‐Greer‐Thorbecke poverty measures for the measurement of catastrophic health expenditures
Authors: Ogwang Tomson , Mwabu Germano
Published: July 2024

In this paper we provide an adaptation of the Foster‐Greer‐Thorbecke (FGT) family of poverty measures for the measurement and analysis of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). The adaptation entails introducing the FGT‐type family of CHE measures with a single CHE aversion parameter whose value can be increased to put greater emphasis on the health expenditure proportions that overshoot the prescribed threshold proportions for CHE characterization by the greatest margins. The subgroup decomposition property of the FGT‐type family of CHE measures (i.e., the ability to isolate the contributions of the various mutually exclusive population subgroups to the overall FGT‐type CHE measure) is discussed along with other normative properties. We also show how the estimation and subgroup decomposition of the FGT‐type family of CHE measures can be conveniently accomplished using ordinary least squares regression. An illustrative example is also provided to show how the FGT approach can provide valuable insights into the distribution of CHE among the healthcare spending units that incur CHE.
Feto‐maternal indicators of cardiac dysfunction as a justification for the cardiac origins for pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Reilly Kelly M. , Watson Chris , Ruddock Mark , Watt Joanne , Kurth Mary Jo , Fitzgerald Peter , Breathnach Fionnuala , Mone Fionnuala
Published: July 2024

While the pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia has been postulated as being secondary to placental dysfunction, a cardiac origin has more recently been proposed. Although an association between fetal congenital cardiovascular disease and pre‐eclampsia has been demonstrated, no precise pathophysiologic mechanism for this association has been described. This review highlights the current biophysical (including echocardiography and Doppler indices) and biochemical (including proteomic, metabolomic and genetic/transcriptomic) markers of cardiac dysfunction that have been investigated in maternal and fetal cardiac disease and their overlap with predictors of pre‐eclampsia.   Common pathways of inflammatory and anti‐angiogenesis imbalance, endothelial damage, and oxidative stress have been demonstrated in both cardiovascular disease and pre‐eclampsia and further investigation into these pathways could help to elucidate the common pathophysiologic mechanisms linking these disorders.
Impact of previous gestational diabetes management on perinatal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Klein Dahlia , Berezowsky Alexandra , Melamed Nir , Barret Jon , Ray Joel , Persaud Mira , Murray‐Davis Beth , McDonald Sarah D. , Geary Michael P. , Berger Howard , Ashwal Eran
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the impact of prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on perinatal outcomes in a subsequent GDM pregnancy.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 544 multiparous patients with two consecutive pregnancies between 2012‐2019, where the second (index) pregnancy was affected by GDM. The primary exposure was prior GDM diagnosis, categorized into medical and dietary management. The primary outcome was a composite including need for pharmacotherapy, large‐for‐gestational age, or neonatal hypoglycemia. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression controlling for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, and gestational age at GDM diagnosis in the index pregnancy.

Results

Of the 544 patients, 164 (30.1%) had prior GDM. Prior GDM significantly increased the likelihood of composite outcome compared to no prior GDM (74.4% vs. 57.4%; P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, prior GDM remained significantly associated with the composite outcome (aOR 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–3.15). Stratifying by prior GDM treatment modality, a significant association was found for prior pharmacotherapy‐controlled GDM (aOR 3.29, 95% CI 1.64–6.59), but not for prior diet‐controlled GDM (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI 0.92–2.60).

Conclusion

A history of pharmacotherapy‐controlled GDM in a previous pregnancy increases odds of adverse perinatal outcomes in a subsequent GDM pregnancy.
Diagnosis and management of common sleep disorders during the perinatal period
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Saini Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Ravi
Published: July 2024

The perinatal period is a critical phase in a woman's life characterized by significant physical, emotional, and societal changes. Sleep disorders such as insomnia, restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and poor sleep quality have been observed to increase in prevalence during the perinatal period. Given the harmful impact of sleep disturbances on the health of both mother and newborn, it is crucial to diagnose and treat them promptly. There is a paucity of literature on sleep problems during the perinatal period. This narrative review aimed to summarize the existing evidence and provide suggestions for promptly identifying and managing these disorders.
Oligohydramnios and an empty bladder with normal renal morphology: Renal tubular dysgenesis is an important consideration in the prenatal setting
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Liu Na , Xiao Zhi‐Qing , Li Dong‐Zhi
Published: July 2024

Synopsis

Our study indicates that if oligohydramnios is noted but with an unremarkable fetal renal scan, autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis should be enlisted as a main differential diagnosis.
Peer tutoring as an empowering literacy practice for bilingual Students with Interrupted Formal Education
Authors: Thomason Betty , Ward Natalia A.
Published: July 2024

Heightened attention to the importance of equitable educational practices in today's schools reveals a growing number of emergent bilingual students who have not received consistent formal education and may be struggling with overall literacy. Labeled as Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFE), these learners require novel educational approaches to address their specific academic and social needs. The purpose of this discussion article is to suggest the utility of peer tutoring as a vehicle for increasing literacy and overall sense of belonging for adolescent bilingual SIFE.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Protein Induces Time‐Dependent CTSL Upregulation in HeLa Cells and Alveolarspheres
Authors: Bolsinger Magdalena M. , Drobny Alice , Wilfling Sibylle , Reischl Stephanie , Krach Florian , Moritz Raul , Balta Denise , Hehr Ute , Sock Elisabeth , Bleibaum Florian , Hanses Frank , Winner Beate , Huarcaya Susy Prieto , Arnold Philipp , Zunke Friederike
Published: July 2024

Autophagy and lysosomal pathways are involved in the cell entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. To infect the host cell, the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to the cell surface receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). To allow the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, the spike protein has to be cleaved. One possible mechanism is the endocytosis of the SARS‐CoV‐2–ACE2 complex and subsequent cleavage of the spike protein, mainly by the lysosomal protease cathepsin L. However, detailed molecular and dynamic insights into the role of cathepsin L in viral cell entry remain elusive. To address this, HeLa cells and iPSC‐derived alveolarspheres were treated with recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, and the changes in mRNA and protein levels of cathepsins L, B, and D were monitored. Additionally, we studied the effect of cathepsin L deficiency on spike protein internalization and investigated the influence of the spike protein on cathepsin L promoters in vitro. Furthermore, we analyzed variants in the genes coding for cathepsin L, B, D, and ACE2 possibly associated with disease progression using data from Regeneron's COVID Results Browser and our own cohort of 173 patients with COVID‐19, exhibiting a variant of ACE2 showing significant association with COVID‐19 disease progression. Our in vitro studies revealed a significant increase in cathepsin L mRNA and protein levels following exposure to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein in HeLa cells, accompanied by elevated mRNA levels of cathepsin B and D in alveolarspheres. Moreover, an increase in cathepsin L promoter activity was detected in vitro upon spike protein treatment. Notably, the knockout of cathepsin L resulted in reduced internalization of the spike protein. The study highlights the importance of cathepsin L and lysosomal proteases in the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein internalization and suggests the potential of lysosomal proteases as possible therapeutic targets against COVID‐19 and other viral infections.
Influence of different standing positions on anatomical parameters of coronal whole‐leg weight‐bearing radiographs in preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kamiya Tomoaki , Hamaoka Kodai , Ono Akira , Okada Yohei , Emori Makoto , Teramoto Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in lower limb global alignment and anatomical parameters of coronal whole‐leg radiographs, which were generally used in preoperative planning for high tibial osteotomy (HTO), according to different weight‐bearing standing positions.

Methods

Between April 2021 and December 2022, 176 patients (60 males and 116 females) were investigated. Full‐weight‐bearing coronal whole‐leg radiographs were obtained with the patella centred on the femoral condyle. Patients were divided by Kellgren–Lawrence grade (KL‐0, KL‐I, KL‐II and KL‐III) and assessed in two standing positions: legs closed and legs spread. Patients with flexion contractures or those unable to stand with full weight bearing were excluded. The mechanical distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femorotibial angle, joint line convergence angle, percentage weight‐bearing line (%WBL) and hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKAA) were measured. The Student's t test was used to compare the two standing positions. A p value < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.

Results

The MPTAs of legs closed standing and legs spread standing were 84.9 ± 2.6° and 85.1 ± 2.4° in KL‐0, 84.7 ± 2.0° and 84.9 ± 2.1° in KL‐I and 85.0 ± 2.43° and 85.4 ± 2.4° in KL‐II, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the MPTA between the two standing positions in KL‐0, KL‐I and KL‐II. In contrast, the %WBL and HKAA did not change regardless of the standing position. In the KL‐III group, no statistical significance was observed for any of the anatomical parameters.

Conclusion

Several anatomical parameters were changed between the legs closed standing and the legs spread standing positions. It was suggested that the standing position should be taken into consideration in the planning for HTO.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, Case series with no comparison group.
Required force for distraction during medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy may serve as a predictive indicator for lateral hinge fracture
Authors: Soykan Baran , Vahabi Arman , Kaya Biçer Elcil , Uzun Bora , Aydoğdu Semih
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy is a biological procedure for treating unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. The literature repeatedly highlights the significance of preserving an intact lateral hinge during this procedure. We investigated the temporal course of distraction forces during distraction at the osteotomy site, aiming to quantitatively measure and analyse temporal changes in distraction forces at different distraction points for intact and fractured lateral hinges.

Materials and Methods

This biomechanical study was conducted on 10 human cadavers, which were divided into two groups: one with preserved 1 cm intact lateral cortexes (ILCs) and the other with completely osteotomised fractured lateral cortexes (FLCs). An experimental setup was custom designed to facilitate the required force measurement during distraction. The distraction forces were recorded with a force gauge at 0.5‐mm intervals throughout the distraction.

Results

There was a significant difference between the ILC and FLC groups in distraction forces at all points (8–15 mm). The ILC group consistently exhibited higher distraction force values, with FLC recording values ranging from 8.8% to 13.2% of ILC's. Lateral hinge fractures caused an 86.7% reduction in the initial required force for distraction, significantly impacting the force required for distraction. The ILC group displayed a linear increase in the required distraction force up to 12.5 mm of distraction, which reached 3.7 times the initial value at 12.5 mm of distraction. The FLC group had lower baseline required distraction forces, following a relatively linear trend with more limited increases.

Conclusion

FLCs in medial opening wedge osteotomy are associated with significant reductions in the force required for distraction, and a sudden decrease in distraction force during distraction may indicate a lateral hinge fracture. Force measurement devices for use during distraction could offer valuable insights and provide surgeons with immediate warnings for LHFs.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Movement‐based cognitive training does not significantly shorten the learning curve for acquiring arthroscopic basic skills
Authors: Alt Prisca S. , Hamacher Dennis , Anetzberger Hermann , Becker Roland
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Skilful arthroscopy requires an aboveaverage level of manual dexterity. It is evident that particular motor skills can be learned and trained before arthroscopic training. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the impact of movement‐related cognitive training on the learning curve during arthroscopic basic training.

Methods

Fifty right‐handed participants without arthroscopic experience were matched to an intervention group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). Prior to basic arthroscopic skill training with a simulator, the intervention group underwent 12 weeks of movement‐related cognitive training. Cognitive and motor skills were assessed in both groups by using standardised tests (CogniFit test, angle reproduction test, two‐arm coordination test) as a pretest and, for the intervention group, again before arthroscopic training as a posttest. For arthroscopic simulator training, three tasks (‘Telescoping’, ‘Periscoping’, ‘Triangulation’) from the Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training module were selected and practiced 10 times with the camera in the right and left hands. The learning progress was quantified by exercise time, camera path length and hook path length.

Results

No significant differences in sex distribution, age distribution or the results of the pretests between the intervention group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 25) were found (n.s.). The intervention group improved significantly from the pretest to the posttest in the CogniFit (p = 0.003) and two‐arm coordination test in terms of time (p < 0.001) and errors (p = 0.002) but not in the angle reproduction test. No significant differences were found between the groups for the three arthroscopic tasks.

Conclusion

The hypothesis that movement‐related cognitive training shortens the learning curve for acquiring arthroscopic basic skills cannot be confirmed. Other factors influencing the learning curve such as talent, teaching method and motivation have a greater impact on the acquisition of complex motor skills.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Efficient Poling‐Free Wavelength Conversion in Thin Film Lithium Niobate Harnessing Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Chakkoria Jackson J. , Aoni Rifat A. , Dubey Aditya , Ren Guanghui , Nguyen Thach G. , Boes Andreas , Selvaraja Shankar K. , Mitchell Arnan
Published: July 2024

Over the past two decades, there has been a surge of interest in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) to enable low‐cost industrial mass manufacture of miniaturized optical systems while simultaneously improving performance and energy efficiency following the trajectory of electronics and large‐scale integration. An essential characteristic of any PIC lies in the ability of waveguides to efficiently confine light. The phenomenon of bound states in the continuum (BIC) shows promise in achieving confinement of light for modes that otherwise would suffer from high leakage losses, which can occur in many PIC platforms. In this contribution, the usefulness of operating near a BIC to achieve efficient second harmonic generation of ≈300% W−1 cm−2 in Silicon Nitride (SiN) loaded lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides without needing to either pole or etch the lithium niobate is experimentally demonstrated. The guided fundamental mode is phase matched at the telecom wavelength to a higher order mode at the second harmonic wavelength that is engineered as a bound state in the continuum to mitigate leakage losses. This demonstrates the promise of using BIC in weakly confining waveguides for nonlinear optical applications all while avoiding the poling process by engineering waveguide geometry.
On the implicative‐infimum subreducts of weak Heyting algebras
Authors: Celani Sergio , San Martín Hernán J.
Published: July 2024

The variety of weak Heyting algebras was introduced in 2005 by Celani and Jansana. This corresponds to the strict implication fragment of the normal modal logic which is also known as the subintuitionistic local consequence of the class of all Kripke models. Subresiduated lattices are a generalization of Heyting algebras and particular cases of weak Heyting algebras. They were introduced during the 1970s by Epstein and Horn as an algebraic counterpart of some logics with strong implication previously studied by Lewy and Hacking. In this paper we study the class of implicative‐infimum subreducts of weak Heyting algebras. In particular, we prove that this class is a variety by giving an equational base for it. We also present a topological duality for the algebraic category whose objects are the implicative‐infimum subreducts of subresiduated lattices.