bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Perceived Fruit Accessibility Related to Fruit Intakes and Prevalence of Overweight in Disadvantaged Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Narae , Kim Kirang
Published: October 2020

Background: Few investigations have studied the relationship between home and school food environments, fruit intakes, and prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. This study aimed to determine whether food environments for fruit intake at household and school levels affect fruit intakes and risk of overweight among children and adolescents with low household income. Methods: Students (n = 3148) in Seoul, Korea completed questionnaires pertaining to select aspects of their food environments, frequency of fruit intakes, and weight status. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions evaluated associations between the aforementioned variables. Results: Participants consumed fruit an average of 0.77 times per day, though its frequency increased when fruit accessibility was perceived positively. The percentage of overweight participants was 23.5% for boys and 22.8% for girls. Generally, fruit intake frequency was linked to a lower prevalence of overweight. Regular provision of fruit in school lunches was associated with a reduced risk of overweight among elementary school girls (odds ratio (OR): 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.92), and having someone at home to prepare fruit was associated with a reduced risk of overweight in elementary school boys (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94) and girls (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.93). Conclusions: The frequency of fruit intake was low among disadvantaged youth. Increasing access to fruit in their food environments appears to enhance consumption and lower the risk of overweight, especially for elementary school girls.
Nutritional Biomarkers and Associated Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the SHIELD Study
Authors: Cheong Magdalin , Chew Samuel Teong Huang , Oliver Jeffery , Baggs Geraldine , Low Yen Ling , How Choon How , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Huynh Dieu Thi Thu , Tey Siew Ling
Published: October 2020

Aging is associated with intrinsic and extrinsic changes which affect the nutrient intake and nutritional status of an older individual. Suboptimal nutritional status is linked with adverse health outcomes. There are limited data in this area for community-dwelling older adults who are not at risk of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional biomarkers in 400 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with normal nutritional status (Malnutrition Universal Screening Test score of 0) in Singapore and to identify factors associated with these biomarkers. The majority of the participants had normal levels of pre-albumin, albumin, total protein, creatinine, zinc, corrected calcium, vitamin B12, ferritin and hemoglobin. Females had significantly higher levels of corrected calcium and vitamin B12 than males, whereas males had significantly higher levels of pre-albumin, albumin, creatinine, serum ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and hemoglobin than females. About half of the participants (52%) had low level of 25(OH)D (<30 μg/L) and 10% had low zinc level (<724 μg/L). Among those with low level of 25(OH)D, 74% had 25(OH)D insufficiency (20–<30 μg/L) and 26% had 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 μg/L). Younger age, female gender, non-Chinese ethnicity and no intake of vitamin D supplement were associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level, whereas higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with low zinc level. These findings highlight the problem of hidden nutritional insufficiencies can be missed in seemingly normal nourished community-dwelling older adults.
Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status in Adult Patients with Inherited Metabolic Diseases Treated with Low-Protein Diets: A Review on Urea Cycle Disorders and Branched Chain Organic Acidemias
Authors: Francini-Pesenti Francesco , Gugelmo Giorgia , Lenzini Livia , Vitturi Nicola
Published: October 2020

Low-protein diets (LPDs) are the main treatment for urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and organic acidemias (OAs). In most cases, LPDs start in childhood and must be continued into adulthood. The improved life expectancy of patients with UCDs and OAs raises the question of their consequences on nutritional status in adult subjects. As this topic has so far received little attention, we conducted a review of scientific studies that investigated the nutrient intake and nutritional status in adult patients with UCDs and branched chain organic acidemias (BCOAs) on LPD. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Google Scholar from 1 January 2000 to 31 May 2020, focusing on nutrient intake and nutritional status in UCD and OA adult patients. Results: Despite protein restriction is recommended as the main treatment for UCDs and OAs, in these patients, protein intake ranges widely, with many patients who do not reach safety levels. When evaluated, micronutrient intake resulted below recommended values in some patients. Lean body mass resulted in most cases lower than normal range while fat body mass (FM) was often found normal or higher than the controls or reference values. Protein intake correlated inversely with FM both in adult and pediatric UCD patients. Conclusions: The clinical management of adult patients with UCDs and BCOAs should include an accurate assessment of the nutritional status and body composition. However, as little data is still available on this topic, further studies are needed to better clarify the effects of LPDs on nutritional status in adult UCD and BCOA patients.
Impact of Annual Change in Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index on Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Yajima Kumiko , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Regular nutritional assessment may decrease the mortality rate in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to evaluate whether annual change in geriatric nutritional risk index (ΔGNRI) can precisely predict mortality. We retrospectively examined 229 patients undergoing hemodialysis who measured geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Patients were divided into four groups according to the baseline GNRI of 91.2, previously reported cutoff value, and declined or maintained GNRI during the first year (ΔGNRI < 0% vs. ΔGNRI ≥ 0%): Group 1 (G1), GNRI ≥ 91.2 and ΔGNRI ≥ 0%; G2, GNRI ≥ 91.2 and ΔGNRI < 0%; G3, GNRI < 91.2 and ΔGNRI ≥ 0%; and G4, GNRI < 91.2 and ΔGNRI < 0%. They were followed for mortality. During a median follow-up of 3.7 (1.9–6.9) years, 74 patients died, of which 35 had cardiovascular-specific causes. The GNRI significantly decreased from 94.8 ± 6.3 to 94.1 ± 6.7 in the first year (p = 0.035). ΔGNRI was negatively associated with baseline GNRI (ρ = −0.199, p = 0.0051). The baseline GNRI < 91.2 and ΔGNRI < 0% were independently associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.59, 95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.54–4.33, and aHR 2.33, 95% CI 1.32–4.32, respectively). The 10-year survival rates were 69.8%, 43.2%, 39.9%, and 19.2% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively (p < 0.0001). The aHR value for G4 vs. G1 was 3.88 (95% CI 1.62–9.48). With regards to model discrimination, adding ΔGNRI to the baseline risk model including the baseline GNRI significantly improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.525 (p = 0.0005). With similar results obtained for cardiovascular mortality. We concluded that the ΔGNRI could not only predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality but also improve predictability for mortality; therefore, GNRI might be proposed to be serially evaluated.
Photodynamic Therapy with Verteporfin for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Review of Data and Efficacy
Authors: Iacono Pierluigi , Da Pozzo Stefano , Varano Monica , Parravano Mariacristina
Published: October 2020

Central serous chorioretinopathy represents the fourth most frequent retinal disorder, occurring especially in young age. Central serous chorioretinopathy is mainly characterized by macular serous retinal detachment and although the clinical course moves frequently toward a spontaneous resolution, the subretinal fluid may persist for a long time, thus evolving to the chronic form, and leading to a potential damage of the retinal pigment epithelium and to photoreceptors. The photodynamic therapy with verteporfin plays an important role in the armamentarium among the many therapeutic options employed in this complex retinal disorder. In this review, the authors aim to summarize data of efficacy and safety of PDT focusing especially on mechanisms of action of the PDT and providing comparative outcomes with the alternative therapeutic approaches, including especially the subthreshold laser treatment.
Antimicrobial Capacity and Surface Alterations Using Photodynamic Therapy and Light Activated Disinfection on Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Material Contaminated with Periodontal Bacteria
Authors: Eldwakhly Elzahraa , Saadaldin Selma , Aldegheishem Alhanoof , Salah Mostafa Marwa , Soliman Mai
Published: October 2020

This study determined the antimicrobial efficiency of light-activated disinfection (LAD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material contaminated with three periodontal bacteria and explored if PDT and LAD cause PICN surface alterations. Sixty PICN discs were contaminated with Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola and randomly divided into five groups (n = 12 samples/each) according to the treatment groups: Group PDT—PDT (630 ± 10 nm diode laser) with methylene blue; Group DL—808 nm diode laser in contact mode without photosensitizer; Group MB–methylene blue without light application; Group CHX—0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution and; Group NT—no treatment. Each disc was then placed in tubes containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and vortexed for 30 s to remove the remaining bacteria from the discs. A total of 10× serial dilutions were performed followed by plating of 30 μL of suspension on Brucella agar plates. The colony forming units (CFU) were calculated after 72 h. PICN discs with the attached biofilms were used for confocal microscopy investigation for live/dead bacterial viability. A random single sample from each group was selected to study the bacterial adherence and topographical alterations on PICN discs under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PDT group showed higher reduction for each bacterial species and total counts of bacteria assessed followed by the DL group (p < 0.05). When compared with MB group, the two laser groups were significantly superior (p < 0.05). The MB group did not show significant differences for any bacteria when compared to NT. The bacteria with the CHX group and DL groups appeared dead with few areas of surviving green stained bacteria. The PDT group showed the highest dead cell count (p < 0.05). PDT and DL groups indicate no significant changes on the surface compared to the sterile PICN discs on visual assessment. Photodynamic therapy produced superior periodontal bacteria reduction over the surface of PICN surface. PDT group showed higher reduction for each bacterial species and total counts of bacteria assessed followed by the DL group. Both PDT and DL treatment strategies are effective without producing surface alterations on PICN.
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Taste-Masking Effect of Selected Flavors on Dental Lidocaine HCl Injection
Authors: Boddu Sai , Tukaramrao Diwakar , Al-Tabakha Moawia , Ashames Akram , Neupane Rabin , Babu R. , Renukuntla Jwala , Tiwari Amit
Published: October 2020

Aim: Anxiety and intolerance to dental local anesthetic injections are common in patients undergoing dental procedures. This work was designed to study cytotoxicity of selected flavors in primary gingival keratinocytes (PGK), to acquire information on their suitability for use in dental lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) injection. We also evaluated the bio-mimetic taste of LID dental injection in the presence of selected flavors and sweetener using an Astree electronic tongue (ETongue). Methods: The cytotoxicity of chocolate natural and artificial flavor (CTE), raspberry flavor artificial (RAS), cherry flavor (CHR), bitterness suppressor flavor (BSF) and lemon flavor extract (LFE) at various dilutions (0.16–10% v/v) was carried out in PGK using the live cell morphological analysis and MTT cell cytotoxicity assay. Based on the cytotoxicity data, CTE and RAS were added to Xylocaine® (2%) along with 0.09% sodium saccharin and taste was assessed using an ETongue. Results: After three hours of treatment, a dose-dependent cell death was induced by all flavors compared to the untreated control. BSF was found to be more toxic when compared to other flavors. CTE was found to be less toxic. The mean IC50 values of CTE, RAS, CHR, BSF and LFE in PGK were found to be 9.54, 8.43, 2.21, 0.38 and 4.01 mg/mL. Taste analysis with the ETongue showed a clear taste difference between the control and test formulations containing CTE and RAS flavors along with sodium saccharin. Conclusion: CTE and RAS flavors in combination with 0.09% sodium saccharin can achieve a significant taste-masking effect in the dental LID injection.
Controls of Climate and Land-Use Change on Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity Variation in a Subtropical Humid Basin
Authors: Liu Fu-hong , Xu Chong-Yu , Yang Xiao-xia , Ye Xu-chun
Published: October 2020

Knowledge of vegetation dynamics in relation to climatic changes and human activities is essential for addressing the terrestrial carbon cycle in the context of global warming. Scientific detection and quantitative attribution of vegetation dynamic changes in different climatic zones and human activities are the focus and challenge of the relevant research. Taking the Poyang Lake basin as the research area, this study aimed to reveal how climate and land use drive changes in net primary productivity (NPP) in the subtropical humid basin. Change patterns of vegetation NPP and their relationships with meteorological factors across the basin were first investigated based on the estimation of 18 year (2000–2017 year) NPP by using a typical light energy utilization model, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Quantitative analysis was then conducted to explicitly distinguish the driving effects of climate change and land-use change on NPP dynamics in two different periods. Results show that annual NPP and total production (TP) of the Poyang Lake basin increased significantly from 2000 to 2017. During this period, land-use change in the basin was driven by the process of urbanization expansion and the efforts of ecological protection. Climatically, the temperature is the major influencing climatic factor in determining vegetation productivity in the subtropical humid basin, followed by precipitation and solar radiation. In addition, our investigation also revealed that with comparison to the period of 2000s, the increased TP of the Poyang Lake basin due to climate change in 2010s was much bigger than the decreased TP due to land-use change. However, in the areas where the land-use change occurred, the decreased TP was mainly attributed to the impact of land-use change, even though climate change showed a positive effect of increasing productivity.
A Novel Electromagnetic Wave Rain Gauge and its Average Rainfall Estimation Method
Authors: Lim S.
Published: October 2020

It is essential to accurately estimate rainfall to predict and prevent hydrological disasters such as floods. In this paper, an electromagnetic wave rain gauge system and a method to estimate average rainfall using the system’s multiple elevation observation data are presented. The compact electromagnetic wave rain gauge is a small-sized radar that performs very short-range observations using K-band dual-polarization technology. The method to estimate average rainfall is based on the concept of an average observation derived from multiple elevation scans with very short range and dual-polarization information. The proposed method was evaluated by comparing it with ground instruments, including a pit-gauge, tipping-bucket rain gauges, and a Parsivel disdrometer. The evaluation results demonstrated that the new methodology worked fairly well for various rainfall events.
GNSS-TS-NRS: An Open-Source MATLAB-Based GNSS Time Series Noise Reduction Software
Authors: He Xiaoxing , Yu Kegen , Montillet Jean-Philippe , Xiong Changliang , Lu Tieding , Zhou Shijian , Ma Xiaping , Cui Hongchao , Ming Feng
Published: October 2020

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has seen tremendous advances in measurement precision and accuracy, and it allows researchers to perform geodynamics and geophysics studies through the analysis of GNSS time series. Moreover, GNSS time series not only contain geophysical signals, but also unmodeled errors and other nuisance parameters, which affect the performance in the estimation of site coordinates and related parameters. As the number of globally distributed GNSS reference stations increases, GNSS time series analysis software should be developed with more flexible format support, better human–machine interaction, and with powerful noise reduction analysis. To meet this requirement, a new software named GNSS time series noise reduction software (GNSS-TS-NRS) was written in MATLAB and was developed. GNSS-TS-NRS allows users to perform noise reduction analysis and spatial filtering on common mode errors and to visualize GNSS position time series. The functions’ related theoretical background of GNSS-TS-NRS were introduced. Firstly, we showed the theoretical background algorithms of the noise reduction analysis (empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)). We also developed three improved algorithms based on EMD for noise reduction, and the results of the test example showed our proposed methods with better effect. Secondly, the spatial filtering model supported five algorithms on a separate common model error: The stacking filter method, weighted stacking filter method, correlation weighted superposition filtering method, distance weighted filtering method, and principal component analysis, as well as with batch processing. Finally, the developed software also enabled other functions, including outlier detection, correlation coefficient calculation, spectrum analysis, and distribution estimation. The main goal of the manuscript is to share the software with the scientific community to introduce new users to the GNSS time series noise reduction and application.
Estimating Crop LAI Using Spectral Feature Extraction and the Hybrid Inversion Method
Authors: Liang Liang , Geng Di , Yan Juan , Qiu Siyi , Di Liping , Wang Shuguo , Xu Lu , Wang Lijuan , Kang Jianrong , Li Li
Published: October 2020

The leaf area index (LAI) is an essential indicator used in crop growth monitoring. In the study, a hybrid inversion method, which combined a physical model with a statistical method, was proposed to estimate the crop LAI. The simulated compact high-resolution imaging spectrometer (CHRIS) canopy spectral crop reflectance datasets were generated using the PROSAIL model (the coupling of PROSPECT leaf optical properties model and Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves model) and the CHRIS band response function. Partial least squares (PLS) was then used to reduce the dimension of the simulated spectral data. Using the principal components (PCs) of PLS as the model inputs, the hybrid inversion models were built using various modeling algorithms, including the backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Finally, remote sensing mapping of the CHRIS data was achieved with the hybrid model to test the inversion accuracy of LAI estimates. The validation result yielded an accuracy of R2 = 0.939 and normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) = 6.474% for the PLS_RFR model, which indicated that the crops LAI could be estimated accurately by using spectral feature extraction and a hybrid inversion strategy. The results showed that the model based on principal components extracted by PLS had a good estimation accuracy and noise immunity and was the preferred method for LAI estimation. Furthermore, the comparative analysis results of various datasets showed that prior knowledge could improve the precision of the retrieved LAI, and using this information to constrain parameters (e.g., chlorophyll content or LAI), which make important contributions to the spectra, is the key to this improvement. In addition, among the PLS, BP-ANN, LS-SVR, and RFR methods, RFR was the optimal modeling algorithm in the paper, as indicated by the high R2 and low NRMSE in various datasets.
Garlic and Winter Wheat Identification Based on Active and Passive Satellite Imagery and the Google Earth Engine in Northern China
Authors: Tian Haifeng , Pei Jie , Huang Jianxi , Li Xuecao , Wang Jian , Zhou Boyan , Qin Yaochen , Wang Li
Published: October 2020

Garlic and winter wheat are major economic and grain crops in China, and their boundaries have increased substantially in recent decades. Updated and accurate garlic and winter wheat maps are critical for assessing their impacts on society and the environment. Remote sensing imagery can be used to monitor spatial and temporal changes in croplands such as winter wheat and maize. However, to our knowledge, few studies are focusing on garlic area mapping. Here, we proposed a method for coupling active and passive satellite imagery for the identification of both garlic and winter wheat in Northern China. First, we used passive satellite imagery (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images) to extract winter crops (garlic and winter wheat) with high accuracy. Second, we applied active satellite imagery (Sentinel-1 images) to distinguish garlic from winter wheat. Third, we generated a map of the garlic and winter wheat by coupling the above two classification results. For the evaluation of classification, the overall accuracy was 95.97%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.94 by eighteen validation quadrats (3 km by 3 km). The user’s and producer’s accuracies of garlic are 95.83% and 95.85%, respectively; and for the winter wheat, these two accuracies are 97.20% and 97.45%, respectively. This study provides a practical exploration of targeted crop identification in mixed planting areas using multisource remote sensing data.
Influence of DEM Elaboration Methods on the USLE Model Topographical Factor Parameter on Steep Slopes
Authors: Kruk Edyta , Klapa Przemysław , Ryczek Marek , Ostrowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Runoff erosion is an important theme in hydrological investigations. Models assessing soil erosion are based on various algorithms that determine the relief coefficient using rasterized digital elevation models (DEMs). For evaluation of soil loss, the most-used model worldwide is the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation), where the most essential part is the LS parameter, which is, in turn, generated from two parameters: L (slope length coefficient) and S (slope inclination). The most significant limitation of LS is the difficulty in obtaining the data needed to generate detailed DEMs. We investigated three popular data generation methods: aerial photographs (AP), aerial laser scanning (ALS), and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) by assessing the quality and effect of DEMs generated from each method over an area of 40 m × 200 m in Silesia, Poland. Additionally, the relationship between particular LSUSLE  parameter components was carried out based on its final distribution. Our results show that resolution strongly influences DEMs and the LSUSLE  parameters. We found a strong relationship between the degree of height data resolution and the accuracy level of the calculated parameters. Based on our investigations we confirmed the highest influence on the LSUSLE  came from the S parameter. Additionally, we concluded that in examinations over large areas, terrestrial laser scanners are not ideal; the benefits of their additional accuracy are outweighed by the additional time and labor consumption; in addition, terrestrial-based scans are sometimes not possible due to ground obstacles the limited scope of most lasers. Aerial photographs or point clouds generated by aerial laser scanners are sufficient for most purposes connected with surface flow, and further developments can be based on the use of these techniques for obtaining ground information for modeling erosion processes.
Development and Validation of Rapid RP-HPLC and Green Second-Derivative UV Spectroscopic Methods for Simultaneous Quantification of Metformin and Remogliflozin in Formulation Using Experimental Design
Authors: Attimarad Mahesh , Elgorashe Rafea Elamin Elgack , Subramaniam Rajasekaran , Islam Mohammed Monirul , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Nagaraja Sreeharsha , Balgoname Abdulmalek Ahmed
Published: October 2020

Recently, a new formulation containing metformin HCl (MFH) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) has been approved for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, only one analytical method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of both the analytes. Therefore, the current study was designed to develop simple UV derivative spectroscopic and rapid RP-HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of MFH and RGE. The chromatographic separation of MFH and RGE was performed using a monolithic C18 column with an optimized chromatographic conditions carried out by full factorial Box–Behnken design model. The spectroscopic technique was based on the determination of peak amplitude of second-order derivative UV spectra at zero crossings. Further, both the methods were validated and compared statistically using Student’s-t-test and F-test, and employed for the concurrent estimation of MFH and RGE in laboratory mixed solutions and formulations. Perturbation plots and response surface models showed the effect of chromatographic parameters and the final chromatographic condition was selected from 47 solutions suggested by the desirability function. Further, UV spectroscopic and HPLC procedures showed good linearity in the range of 1–24 µg/mL and 2–150 µg/mL for RGE and 2–30 µg/mL and 5–200 µg/mL for MFH, respectively. The average percent assay was found to be 99.51% and 99.80% for MFH and 99.60% and 100.07% for RGE by spectroscopic and HPLC methods, respectively. The proposed methods were simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. Therefore, they can be used for regular quality control of MFH and RGE formulations and dissolution studies as well.
Exact and Slow-Roll Solutions for Exponential Power-Law Inflation Connected with Modified Gravity and Observational Constraints
Authors: Fomin Igor , Chervon Sergey
Published: October 2020

We investigate the ability of the exponential power-law inflation to be a phenomenologically correct model of the early universe. We study General Relativity (GR) scalar cosmology equations in Ivanov–Salopek–Bond (or Hamilton–Jacobi like) representation where the Hubble parameter H is the function of a scalar field ϕ. Such approach admits calculation of the potential for given H(ϕ) and consequently reconstruction of f(R) gravity in parametric form. By this manner the Starobinsky potential and non-minimal Higgs potential (and consequently the corresponding f(R) gravity) were reconstructed using constraints on the model’s parameters. We also consider methods for generalising the obtained solutions to the case of chiral cosmological models and scalar-tensor gravity. Models based on the quadratic relationship between the Hubble parameter and the function of the non-minimal interaction of the scalar field and curvature are also considered. Comparison to observation (PLANCK 2018) data shows that all models under consideration give correct values for the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio under a wide range of exponential-power-law model’s parameters.
The effect of microorganisms and heavy metals on the exudation of low molecular weight organic compounds by plant roots
Authors:   ARRIAM, Belimov A. A. , Shaposhnikov A. I. ,   ARRIAM, Syrova D. S. ,   ARRIAM, Azarova T. S. ,   ARRIAM, Makarova N. M. ,   ARRIAM, Yuzikhin O. S. ,   ARRIAM, Safronova V. I. ,   ARRIAM
Published: October 2020

The aim of our research was to study the effect of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Variovorax paradoxus) and toxic elements (Al, Cd and Hg) on the root exudation in various pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes. For this, methods of periodic cultures, gnotobiotic plant-microbial systems, ICPE and UPLC were used. It was established that rhizobacteria actively utilized organic acids and sugars secreted by the roots and contributed to an increase in pH and Al immobilization in the rhizosphere. Cadmium increased the exudation of many substances of pea line SGE, but this effect was more pronounced in the mutant SGECdt. Stimulation of the exudation of amino acids was detected during Hg treatment to a greater extent in wild-type SGE. The combined action of Cd and Hg did not lead to a further increase in exudation. The results obtained indicate various mechanisms of exudation of the studied fractions, while the most pronounced differences are observed between the fractions of amino acids or sugars with organic acids. Exudation of organic acids plays an important role in the decreased stability and accumulation of Hg by the pea mutant SGECdt.
Prospect of using oilcakes in biotechnology of microbial preparations
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Kameneva I.A. , Yakubovskaya A.I. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Pashtetskiy V.S. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Polyakova N.Yu. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Gritchin M.V. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Smirnova I.I. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Konopleva G.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: October 2020

The actual problem in the development of new and improvement of existing forms of microbial preparations for crop production is the search for technological and economical components of the substrate to increase the titer of bacteria and keep their viability for a long period. The aim of our research was to study the technological effectiveness of the oilcake obtained after oil extraction from seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) and Brassica spp. L. (mustard) as a component of a liquid nutrient medium for the cultivation of associative bacteria. The addition of mustard and flax cake to the cultivation medium of P. polymyxa CCM P contributed to an increase in the titer of bacteria by 3.1 and 4.3 times, respectively, compared to control. We found that mustard cake has a stimulating and stabilizing effect on P. polymyxa CCM P, as well as a stabilizing one on L. nimipressuralis 32-3 CCM when storing for a month.
Effect of microinjection of CRISPR / Cas9 components in plasmid form on the development of rabbit embryos during in vitro culture
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst”, Koloskova E.M. , Ezerskii V.A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst”, Trubitsina T.P. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst”
Published: October 2020

The survival rate of rabbit embryos microinjected by the plasmid form of CRISPR/Cas9 components specific to the sour whey protein gene was evaluated. At high concentrations of plasmid components, embryo survival decreased slightly, possibly because the WAP gene does not belong to the housekeeping genes. After microinjection of a genetic construct with a sequence of green fluorescent protein under a cytomegalovirus promoter, the embryo survival significantly decreased. This is most likely due to the superexpression of GFP at the 2-16 cell stage of development.
Effect of Satureja montana essential oil on growth performance of broiler chickens
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Kuevda T.A. , Ostapchuk P.S. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: October 2020

To study the effect of Satureja montana essential oil on the performance of broiler chicken was the primary aim of this research. In the course of the studies, the highly reliable effectiveness of the mountain savory essential oil was noted. Broiler chickens weight increase before slaughter was 9.7 (p≤ 0.01) –11.0% (p≤ 0.001). Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the erythrocyte content by 18.2 % (to 3.47±0.09 cells per liter) in chickens of the experimental group that received Satureja montana essential oil without dilution.
Analysis of business processes of agricultural enterprises for the implementation of IT innovations
Authors:   Higher School of Economics (National Research University), Lisienkova T.S. , Isaev E.A. ,   Higher School of Economics (National Research University)
Published: October 2020

This article touches upon digital transformation in agriculture. Firstly, classification of core business processes of agriculture is presented with examples of primary and support business processes at animal breeding farms. Later the article gives an overview of innovative information technologies used nowadays in agriculture worldwide. Finally, it is justified that for the successful digital transformation it is vital to evaluate current IT-maturity level of business processes in order to fix their “bottlenecks” before the implementation of innovative information technologies. While common models of IT-maturity, level does not take into account features of specific industries, it is necessary to develop a stand-alone model for agricultural companies.
Use of probiotic lactobacilli to increase non-specific resistance and productivity of rabbits
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst”, Ovcharova A.N.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of the effectiveness of probiotic lactobacilli on the productivity and non-specific resistance of rabbits. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased by 10 %, which turns out to be statistically significant. The bactericidal activity of blood increased by 8 % in comparison with the control group; the phagocytic index was also higher in the experimental group by 2.02. The content of lysozyme in the blood serum of rabbits in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control parameters by 18.6 micrograms/ml. As tentative results, we report an increase in the live weight and growth rate in the experimental group of rabbits.
Regularities of growth, development and main blood indicators of Hubbard Redbro M meat-and-eggs cross chickens
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Ostapchuk P.S. , Kuevda T.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Korotkiy V.P. ,   LLC scientific and technical center Khiminvest
Published: October 2020

Features of growth, development and main blood indicators of Hubbard Redbro M meat-and-eggs cross chickens were the primary aim of the study. The use of an active coal feed additive gives a reliable increase in live weight during the growth period in the range of 3.5 –7.5 %. The content of RBC and WBC in broilers of the experimental group is within the physiological norm, but the number of red blood cells is significantly higher than in the control one by 0.40×1012 cells per liter.
Problems of animal husbandry intensification and ways to solve them
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Animal Nutrition - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center for Animal Husbandry - VIZh named after Academician L.K. Ernst”, Ostrenko K.S.
Published: October 2020

Integrated approach to the nutrition system allows you to reduce the negative effects of stress of various etiologies without а hypertrophied increase in productivity. The use of normotimic additives (lithium ascorbate) can increase the productivity of fattening pigs by 5–7 %, improve the quality of meat, and reduce the risks of obtaining low-quality meat products. The introduction of probiotics in the diet of pigs can increase the average daily growth by 5.4 %. The use of various antioxidants and antihypoxants leads to an increase in the average daily body weight gain of 13.3 %. Complex use of additives that increase stress resistance in animals can reduce losses associated with chronic stress in animals from 30 % to 5 %. Increasing stress resistance will allow you to level energy losses, normalize metabolism and increase plastic metabolism, which leads to an increase in the health of the animal and allows you to fully realize the genetic potential of the breed.
Nutritional properties of sheep muscle tissue on the background of the use of liposomal form of antioxidants
Authors:   The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pashtetskaya A.V. , Ostapchuk P.S. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Emelyanov S.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: October 2020

To assess the quality of lamb meat after feeding young sheep with liposomal form of antioxidants is the key aim of the research. Chemical analysis of muscle tissue showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in fat in the m. Longissimus dorsi and neck muscles by 5.3 % and 7.1 %, respectively. A significant increase in protein was observed in the average samples of leg (by 11.1%) and neck muscles (8.7 %). The calorific value of meat significantly increased in the carcasses of young animals of the experimental group. The average samples of the m. Longissimus dorsi and neck muscles showed an increase of this indicator by 3.6 and 7.6 % (p≤0.05), respectively
Effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling cotton bollworm in sunflower crops
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Zelensky R.A. , Pachkin A.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Ivanisova M.V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Kremneva O.Yu. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection
Published: October 2020

Sunflower is one of the strategic crops in the Krasnodar Territory. The lack of timely monitoring, the widespread and repeated use of chemical insecticides has led to pests resistance to them. This situation creates a need for new methods of monitoring and protecting the crops from economically significant insects. The purpose of these studies was to identify the effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling Helicoverpa armigera. The paper presents a comparative analysis of captured insects using aspiration and conical traps. The dynamics of captured insects and the possibility of using these devices as a means of monitoring and reducing the number of cotton scoops are shown.
Neotypification of the Interspecific Hybrid Pterocarya ×rehderiana (Juglandaceae) Originating at the Arnold Arboretum
Authors: Rubinstein Jared , Dosmann Michael
Published: October 2020

The interspecific hybrid Pterocarya × rehderiana C. K. Schneid. was first described in 1903 but there is no record of typification. A neotype is designated here from among the earliest collections of the nothospecies stored at the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum (A).
Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids and Knowledge of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis among Medical and Allied Health Students in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Iliyasu Bilkisu Z , Amole Taiwo G , Galadanci Hadiza S , Abdullahi Shahida S , Iliyasu Zubairu , Aliyu Muktar H
Published: October 2020

Background:Clinical students are at increased risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens. However, little has been documented about their exposure to blood and body fluids and their knowledge of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in high-HIV burden settings, such as Nigeria.Objective:To determine the prevalence and predictors of BBF exposure and knowledge about PEP among medical and allied health students in northern Nigeria.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 273 clinical students were asked to complete structured questionnaires. The prevalence of BBF exposure was determined. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of BBF exposure.Results:The majority of the respondents (98.2%) had heard about PEP; 26.0% (n=71) had adequate knowledge about PEP. 76 (27.8%) of the 273 respondents reported accidental exposure to HIV. 230 (84.2%) respondents had positive attitude toward HIV PEP. Of those who had had accidental exposure to HIV (n=76), only 13% (n=10) received PEP. The level of knowledge about PEP was predicted by previous training (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.80 ["no"vs"yes"]), year of training (aOR 4.10, 95% CI 1.60 to 10.47 [6thvs4thyear]), course of study (aOR 4.69, 95% CI 2.06 to 10.68 ["allied health" vs "clinical medicine"]) and religion (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 1.40 to 20.71 ["non-Muslim"vs"Muslim"]). Similarly, accidental exposure was independently predicted by respondents’ sex (aOR 2.55, 95% CI1.36 to 4.75 ["female"vs"male"]), age (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.15 ["25–29"vs"20–24" years]), ethnicity (aOR 2.15, 95% CI1.10 to 5.14 ["others"vs"Hausa/Fulani"]), course of study (aOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.38 ["allied health"vs"clinical medicine"]), and previous PEP training (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.78 ["no"vs"yes"]).Conclusion:One in four clinical students reported exposure to BBF. Most students expressed a positive attitude toward PEP, but knowledge and uptake of PEP was sub-optimal. We recommend strengthening training curricula for infection control and prevention and enhancing protocols for timely post-exposure evaluation and follow up for all exposure incidents.
Effects of double emulsification on Lactobacillus plantarum NBRC 3070 stability and physicochemical properties of soursop juice during storage
Authors: Hassan Safiah Sabrina , Ahmad Fadzil Intan Nabihah , Mohammed Yazid Hifa Nazirah , Yusoff Anida , Abdul Khalil Khalilah
Published: October 2020

Sufficient number of probiotics in product are required to confer its health benefits to consumers. However, the viability of probiotics can detriment during processing. An approach of emulsion method to provide a physical barrier of probiotics against adverse environmental conditions has received considerable level of interest. Various matrices were used to emulsified probiotics in food product. However, the usage of water/oil/water (W1/O/W2) base to emulsify probiotics for beverages application remained scarce. Thus, this study was to determine the suitability of using W1/O/W2 base to emulsify Lactobacillus plantarum NBRC 3070 to be incorporated into pasteurized soursop juice (Annona muricata L.). Hence, emulsion efficiency (EE%) of L. plantarum NBRC 3070 in W1/O/W2 base, the stability of emulsified cells (log10 CFU/mL) and physicochemical changes of soursop juice (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solid, viscosity, colour, sensory) during storage were determined. In this study, emulsified L. plantarum NBRC 3070 (109 CFU/mL) was incorporated into soursop juice and stored at 4°C for four weeks. Results obtained with 86.02% ± 0.69 emulsion efficiency (%) of L. plantarum NBRC 3070. Insignificant changes (p>0.05) were notified from viability of emulsified probiotics, pH, titratable acidity and viscosity during storage. Meanwhile, satisfactory parameters (colour, sensory and coliform counts) were obtained at the satisfactory level. As for the conclusion, W1/O/W2 base was able to maintain the survivability of L. plantarum NBRC 3070 in soursop juice during storage and quality of the product. Optimization of parameters such as water/oil compositions and storage time can be further explored to enhance product quality.
La fertilización in vitro (FIV)
Authors: De Valdivia Cano Ramiro
Published: October 2020

Se hace un análisis crítico de la interpretación que desarrolla la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos del artículo 4.1 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, en el caso Artavia Murillo contra Costa Rica sobre legitimidad de la fertilización in vitro, que según criterio de la Corte estaría vinculada con los derechos a la vida privada y a fundar una familia, en confrontación con el derecho a la vida humana cuya protección y reconocimiento debe estar de acuerdo con el principio pro homine, por el cual el rasgo fundamental de los derechos humanos es el de estar siempre a favor del hombre, y que, como consecuencia, debe respetarse el derecho a la vida desde el momento mismo de la concepción.
La justicia comunal
Authors: Arce Villar César Alberto
Published: October 2020

Se analiza la justicia comunal peruana y de la región, como países que reconocen constitucionalmente el pluralismo jurídico y otorgan similar tratamiento normativo a la denominada jurisdicción especial.
El pago de interés en el sistema financiero y la afectación a la tutela jurídica de usuarios de créditos de consumo
Authors: Mendoza García Carlos Esmith
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo trata sobre el pago de intereses y su vinculación con la tutela de usuarios de créditos de consumo en Perú. La legislación peruana regula regímenes legales diferentes tanto para personas ajenas al sistema financiero, a las cuales establece límites en el pacto de intereses, como para las empresas del Sistema Financiero Nacional, las que gozan de un tratamiento preferente, al estar facultadas para pactar intereses sin someterse a topes máximos. Este último régimen normativo no se condice con la tutela jurídica de los usuarios de los créditos de consumo, al no tomar en cuenta las evidentes asimetrías económicas, de información y de negociación existentes en el mercado financiero, que genera que los usuarios se encuentren en evidente desventaja frente a las empresas del Sistema Financiero, lo cual conlleva a la existencia de tasas de intereses excesivas, generando desequilibrio en las prestaciones derivadas de estos contratos y legitimando, de este modo, la mala fe en las prácticas comerciales del sistema financiero.
La videoconferencia
Authors: Tayro Tayro Erwin Arthur
Published: October 2020

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación, son un conjunto de técnicas utilizadas para el manejo de todo tipo de información, las cuales han sido adoptadas por los sistemas de administración de justicia, entre ellos el Perú. Uno de los componentes de estas tecnologías es la videoconferencia, que viene a ser un sistema de comunicación que transmite y recibe, simultáneamente, señales de audio, imagen y datos entre dos o más sitios ubicados remotamente, en tiempo real; creando una realidad virtual.

Para la doctrina tradicional, el principio de inmediación se manifiesta siempre y cuando haya presencia física real del juez, los sujetos procesales y órganos de prueba, no admite medios, ni intermediarios; pero para la nueva concepción el principio de inmediación además comprende la relación virtual generada por los entornos informáticos, entre el juzgador y los sujetos procesales, órganos de prueba y entre estos y aquel, que se encuentran en lugares geográficamente distantes. Actualmente en el Perú existe un marco jurídico que valida este medio tecnológico como instrumento procesal para verificar audiencias y diligencias en materia procesal penal.