bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schlagkräftiger Zusammenschluss
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Die Unfallkrankenhäuser wollen noch in diesem Jahr intensiver kooperieren. Ein Gesamtkonzept steht bereits. Jetzt wird noch über die rechtliche Struktur verhandelt.
„Der Geburtshilfe ist die Intuition verloren gegangen“
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: March 2016

Der Beruf einer Hebamme hier ist mit dem in der Türkei absolut nicht zu vergleichen. Das beginnt schon beim Einstieg in den Beruf: In fast ganz Europa ist die Ausbildung mittlerweile durch ein Studium ersetzt, da die Arbeit als Hebamme verantwortungs- und anspruchsvoll ist.
A Milliärdle halt
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Für 950 Millionen Euro wird das Klinikum Stuttgart bis 2022 neu geordnet. Mit der Frauenklinik wurde jetzt der vierte Neubau eröffnet.
Welch’ eine einseitige Interpretation der Zahlen!
Authors: Mintrop Rudolf
Published: March 2016

Zum Artikel „Immer mehr Offenbachs“, kma April 2014
Modernisierung, nein danke!
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: March 2016

Die Bundesregierung plant Projekte, die tief in die Interessen der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen eingreifen. In ihrer Reaktion fallen die niedergelassenen Ärzte jedoch auf ideologische Positionen von gestern zurück. Im Ergebnis ist klar: Die KVen haben keine Strategie.
Bashing ist ein Nullsummenspiel
Authors: Hollmann Jens
Published: March 2016

In unserer vorigen Ausgabe berichteten wir an dieser Stelle über eine Umfrage der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin unter ärztlichen Führungskräften. Sie haben den Kaufleuten in den Kliniken ein extrem schlechtes Zeugnis ausgestellt. Das hat Jens Hollmann, der Chefärzte und Klinik-Geschäftsführer coacht, zu einer Replik veranlasst.
Kliniken brauchen IT-Nachhilfe
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: March 2016

In den vergangenen Wochen ist ein ganzes Bündel von Studien über den Entwicklungsstand der IT in deutschen Krankenhäusern erschienen. Sie zeichnen kein schmeichelhaftes Bild. Wir haben die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der PWC-Studie, des bvitg-Branchenberichts und des IT-Reports Gesundheitswesen zusammengetragen.
Lebensretter in der Pipeline
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Biologen, Chemiker, Mediziner und Ingenieure tüfteln derzeit gemeinsam an neuen Diagnosesystemen für die schnelle Analyse am Patientenbett. Die Lösungen sollen Kosten sparen, die IT-Anbindung erleichtern und – Leben retten.
„Da findet im Moment eine Revolution statt“
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

Die Entwicklung der personalisierten Medizin steckt noch in den Kinderschuhen. Dennoch kann sie bereits in der Onkologie einige Erfolge vorweisen. kma hat mit Andreas Tecklenburg, dem Vizepräsidenten der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, über den Entwicklungsstand und ihr Zukunftspotenzial gesprochen.
Wir verknüpfen Primär und Sekundär
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Die Dienstleistungstochter der St. Franziskus-Stiftung, die Fact GmbH, entstand im Jahr 2000 aus einer kleinen Abteilung eines einzelnen Krankenhauses. Heute ist sie einer der großen Player auf dem deutschen Facility Management-Markt. Ein kma-Gespräch mit Geschäftsführer Tobias Krüer.
Senologin mit Starpotenzial
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: March 2016

Die weltweit renommierte Brustkrebsspezialistin Nadia Harbeck versetzt Männer wie Frauen in Erstaunen: durch ihre innovativen Therapieansätze, ihre Disziplin und ihr Organisationstalent. Denn sie hat neben ihrer Karriere noch vier Kinder.
Diese Truppe soll es richten
Authors: Paquet Robert
Published: March 2016

Am 26. Mai hat sich die Bund-Länder-Arbeitsgruppe konstituiert, die Grundzüge für die Reform der Krankenhausversorgung ausarbeiten soll. Obwohl das Gremium wichtige Vorentscheidungen für die Zukunft der deutschen Krankenhäuser trifft, kennt kaum jemand dessen Mitglieder. Wir stellen sie vor.
Rettungsspritze vom Land
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: March 2016

Mit einer Finanzspritze rettet das Land Baden-Württemberg die angeschlagene Uniklinik Ulm aus der finanziellen Schieflage.
Patient will keinen Handschlag
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: March 2016

55 Prozent der Bundesbürger meinen, dass in Kliniken und Arztpraxen generell auf das Händeschütteln verzichtet werden sollte.
Sturz trotz schwarzer Zahlen
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

Das berufliche Aus für den Vorstandschef des Klinikkonzerns Gesundheit Nordhessen (GNH) ist besiegelt. Offenbar wurden ihm die Kommunalpolitik und sein Umgang mit den Mitarbeitern zum Verhängnis.
Jedes vierte Krankenhaus ist entbehrlich
Authors: Strehl Rüdiger
Published: March 2016

Rüdiger Strehl plädiert für den Abbau von Krankenhäusern. Damit zielt der ehemalige Klinikmanager auf die eigene Interessengruppe. Seinen Argumenten verleiht dies größere Schlagkraft als denen von Kassenfunktionären und Politikern.
Der fremde Patient
Authors: Dorner Carola
Published: March 2016

Patienten aus fremden Kulturen stellen Ärzte vor andere Herausforderungen als Einheimische. Das Klinikum Wahrendorff hat sich auf diese Patientengruppe spezialisiert. Geschäftsführer Rainer Brase und Iris Tatjana Graef-Calliess, Chefärztin am Zentrum für Transkulturelle Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, erklären das Konzept.
Näder plant „Bötzow Berlin“ für 250 Millionen Euro
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: March 2016

200 Mitarbeiter von Otto Bock ziehen in die historischen Gebäude der ehemaligen Bötzow-Brauerei in Berlin. Sie wird zur künftigen Strategiezentrale des Medizin­technikherstellers.
Millionenloch an der Weser
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: March 2016

Spötter sprechen bereits von Bremens Antwort auf die Hamburger Elbphilharmonie. Bauverzögerungen und steigende Baukosten sorgen immer wieder für Schlagzeilen in der Hansestadt. Jetzt hat Bauherr Gesundheit Nord (Geno) den Trockenbauer wegen angeblicher Verzögerungen gefeuert. Die Firma will nun vom Klinikverbund Schadenersatz in Millionenhöhe.
Gutes Essen bleibt im Gedächtnis
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Die Mehrzahl deutscher Kliniken entlastet ihre Pflegekräfte und lässt die Essenswünsche der Patienten durch geschultes Servicepersonal erfassen. Die Küche wollen viele lieber in Eigenregie betreiben. Deshalb lassen sich Caterer einiges einfallen, um Gesundheitseinrichtungen von ihren Diensten zu überzeugen.
Exot durch gute Zahlen
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Nie standen die Uniklinika so schlecht da wie 2013. Nach VUD-Zahlen erwirtschafteten sie hier kollektiv ein Defizit von 161 Millionen Euro – nach einem Plus von 23 Millionen noch zwei Jahre zuvor.
Zahlen Konfessionelle schlechter? Ein haltloses Vorurteil!
Authors: Groß Norbert
Published: March 2016

Wir zahlen besser als andere – wie können ausgerechnet kirchliche Träger so etwas behaupten? Der Direktor des Deutschen Evangelischen Krankenhausverbands wagt es. Er ist es leid, immer wieder mit dem Vorwurf des Lohndumpings konfrontiert zu werden.
„Vom Freistaat Bayern erhoffen wir uns 350 Millionen”
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Nun ist es besiegelt, der Stadtrat hat dem Sanierungsplan von Boston Consulting zugestimmt: Das Klinikum München wird in den nächsten Jahren 800 Betten und 1.500 Vollzeitstellen abbauen. Während mancher „Insolvenzkonzept” raunt, verteidigt der neue StKM-Chef Axel Fischer die Schrumpfkur als einzige Überlebenschance.
Exkursion zum Klinik-Hai
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Das große Fressen: Unter dieser Schlagzeile hat sich die kma erst in ihrer August-Ausgabe mit der aggressiven Expansionspolitik internationaler Krankenhauskonzerne auseinandergesetzt.
Deutsche Krankenhäuser – wie gut ist ihre Willkommenskultur?
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Warum sollten ausländische Fachkräfte sich ausgerechnet für deutsche Kliniken interessieren? Geschäftsführer, Pflegedirektorinnen und Personalmanager, die Lust haben, diese provokante Frage zu diskutieren, sind auf der Veranstaltung „Willkommenskultur in deutschen Krankenhäusern“ an der richtigen Adresse.
… und noch ein Bewertungsportal
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Jetzt hat auch der Marburger Bund ein Klinikbewertungsportal (www.mbz-bewertungsportal.de) gegründet.
Raus aus dem Jammertal
Authors: Prölß Joachim
Published: March 2016

Sicherlich, Pflegekräfte haben viele Gründe zu klagen. Doch als berufspolitische Taktik ist die Klage ungeeignet: Wer jammert, wird nicht ernst genommen, meint der Direktor für Patienten- und Pflegemanagement des Universitätsklinikums Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Nicht auf die Politik warten
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: March 2016

Es könnte ein spannender Herbst werden: Schlagen die Gröhe-Servicestellen tatsächlich eine Brücke zwischen Vertragsärzten, Patienten und Kliniken – oder müssen die Player gegeneinander in Stellung gehen? Wer wird das Institut für Qualität und Transparenz leiten? Schafft die Bund-Länder-AG doch den Einstieg in die monistische Finanzierung? Will der Gesundheitsminister sowohl die Universitätskliniken als auch die Krankenhäuser der Maximalversorgung wirtschaftlich fördern oder nur Unikliniken als Maximalversorger?
Muffeln kommt viel zu oft vor
Authors: Tsongas Alexander , Marketing Abteilungsleiter , Ludwigsburg RKH-Kliniken
Published: March 2016

Zum Editorial „Bitte lächeln“ kma 08/2014
Grebe führt alleine
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Das größte kommunale Klinikunternehmen Deutschlands wird bis auf Weiteres nur mehr von einer Einzelperson geführt.
Der Zuspruch wächst
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Die Personalsituation in der Pflege gibt der Politik zu denken – so sehr, dass Wissenschaftler und Mitglieder der Bund-Länder-AG eine Mindestpersonalbesetzung nicht mehr für indiskutabel halten.
Die Optimisten
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2016

Agfa Healthcare beobachtet die momentane Konsolidierung des Krankenhaus-IT-Markts gelassen. Warum Konkurrenz und klamme Klinikkassen dem KIS- und PACS-Marktführer keine Angst einflößen, erklären die drei Geschäftsführer im Gespräch mit kma.
„Bei Komplikationen ist gleich ein Arzt zur Stelle“
Authors: Sickinger Nina
Published: March 2016

Hier in Deutschland arbeite ich als Fachintensivpfleger auf einer Neugeborenen-Station – eine sehr interessante, aber fordernde und mitunter harte Arbeit. Denn häufig muss ich mich etwa auch seelsorgerisch um die Eltern kümmern.
Ein Nordrhein-Westfale in Wien
Authors: König Romy
Published: March 2016

Der neue Generaldirektor des Wiener Krankenanstaltenverbunds (KAV) ist ein bekannter Mann in der deutschen Klinikbranche: Udo Janßen war bis 2013 Geschäftsführender Vorstand des Deutschen Krankenhausinstituts (DKI). Nun tritt er an, das Wiener „Spitalskonzept 2030” umzusetzen.
„Wagen Sie etwas!“
Authors: Grobosch Susanne
Published: March 2016

Reinhold Messner berät seit Jahren zu den Themen Motivation, Führung, Risikomanagement. Auch vor Klinikmanagern hat er schon gesprochen. Seine Ratschläge zielen aufs Große und Ganze, die Niederungen des operativen Geschäfts sind nicht seine Sache. Trotzdem: Zum Jahresende kann es nicht schaden, den Blick von weit oben auf das eigene Treiben zu richten.
Kochen – für sich und andere
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Gewinne erzielen, Marketing machen, Kapazitäten auslasten, Investitionskosten refinanzieren, Verlusten vorbeugen: Dies sind nach einer Trendstudie der Einkaufsgenossenschaft PEG für stationäre Einrichtungen zentrale Motive, als Catering-Anbieter aufzutreten. Die Masse von ihnen betreibt ihre Küche in eigener Regie – aus Prinzip.
Wenn der Patient Objekt wird
Authors: Zehnder Adalbert
Published: March 2016

Pflegekräfte haben in einer Notaufnahme hilflose Patienten geschminkt, entkleidet, mit ihnen posiert und die Selfies zur Belustigung anderer herumgepostet. Der Psychiater Georg Schürgers versucht im kma-Gespräch, Licht in diese Abgründe zu bringen.
Inter-phase heat transfer and energy coupling in turbulent dispersed multiphase flows
Authors: Ling Y. , Balachandar S. , Parmar M.
Published: March 2016

The present paper addresses important fundamental issues of inter-phase heat transfer and energy coupling in turbulent dispersed multiphase flows through scaling analysis. In typical point-particle or two-fluid approaches, the fluid motion and convective heat transfer at the particle scale are not resolved and the momentum and energy coupling between fluid and particles are provided by proper closure models. By examining the kinetic energy transfer due to the coupling forces from the macroscale to microscale fluid motion, closure models are obtained for the contributions of the coupling forces to the energy coupling. Due to the inviscid origin of the added-mass force, its contribution to the microscale kinetic energy does not contribute to dissipative transfer to fluid internal energy as was done by the quasi-steady force. Time scale analysis shows that when the particle is larger than a critical diameter, the diffusive-unsteady kernel decays at a time scale that is smaller than the Kolmogorov time scale. As a result, the computationally costly Basset-like integral form of diffusive-unsteady heat transfer can be simplified to a non-integral form. Conventionally, the fluid-to-particle volumetric heat capacity ratio is used to evaluate the relative importance of the unsteady heat transfer to the energy balance of the particles. Therefore, for gas-particle flows, where the fluid-to-particle volumetric heat capacity ratio is small, unsteady heat transfer is usually ignored. However, the present scaling analysis shows that for small fluid-to-particle volumetric heat capacity ratio, the importance of the unsteady heat transfer actually depends on the ratio between the particle size and the Kolmogorov scale. Furthermore, the particle mass loading multiplied by the heat capacity ratio is usually used to estimate the importance of the thermal two-way coupling effect. Through scaling argument, improved estimates are established for the energy coupling parameters of each energy exchange mechanism between the phases.
Dislocation core structures in (0001) InGaN
Authors: Rhode S. L. , Horton M. K. , Sahonta S.-L. , Kappers M. J. , Haigh S. J. , Pennycook T. J. , McAleese C. , Humphreys C. J. , Dusane R. O. , Moram M. A.
Published: March 2016

Threading dislocation core structures in c-plane GaN and InxGa1−xN (0.057 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) films were investigated by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. a-type dislocations are unaffected by alloying with indium and have a 5/7-atom ring core structure in both GaN and InxGa1−xN. In contrast, the dissociation lengths of (a + c)-type dislocations are reduced, and new 7/4/9-atom ring and 7/4/8/5-atom ring core structures were observed for the dissociated (a + c)-type dislocations in InxGa1−xN, which is associated with the segregation of indium near (a + c)-type and c-type dislocation cores in InxGa1−xN, consistent with predictions from atomistic Monte Carlo simulations.
Weakly nonlinear varicose-mode instability of planar liquid sheets
Authors: Liu Lu-Jia , Yang Li-Jun , Ye Han-Yu
Published: March 2016

A weakly nonlinear stability analysis has been conducted for viscous planar liquid sheets moving in a resting inviscid gas medium by a perturbation expansion technique. In the first-order linear area, the disturbances are considered purely varicose. The solutions to the second-order interface displacement have been derived for both temporal instability and spatial instability analyses. It is found that the first harmonic of the fundamental varicose mode is also varicose, and the first-order and second-order varicose waves interact with each other, forming satellite ligaments and causing the eventual breakup of the liquid sheet at full-wavelength intervals of the fundamental wave. The interface deformation has been presented and the breakup time (or length) has been calculated in temporal (or spatial) instability analysis. The results indicate that liquid viscosity always weakens instability for all conditions in the varicose mode, which is different from viscosity that plays a dual role in instability for the sinuous mode concluded by previous researchers. In addition, an energy method is adopted both in the linear segment and nonlinear segment of the temporal instability analysis to further explain the mechanism of instability onset.
Time dependent friction in a free gas
Authors: Fanelli Cristiano , Sisti Francesco , Stagno Gabriele V.
Published: March 2016

We consider a body moving in a perfect gas, described by the mean-field approximation and interacting elastically with the body, we study the friction exerted by the gas on the body fixed at constant velocities. The time evolution of the body in this setting was studied in Caprino et al. [Math. Phys. 264, 167-189 (2006)], Caprino et al. [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 17, 1369-1403 (2007)], and Cavallaro [Rend. Mat. Appl. 27, 123-145 (2007)] for object with simple shape; the first study where a simple kind of concavity was considered was in Sisti and Ricciuti [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46, 3759-3611 (2014)], showing new features in the dynamic but not in the friction term. The case of more general shape of the body was left out for further difficulties, and we believe indeed that there are actually non-trivial issues to be faced for these more general cases. To show this and in the spirit of getting a more realistic perspective in the study of friction problems, in this paper, we focused our attention on the friction term itself, studying its behavior on a body with a more general kind of concavity and fixed at constant velocities. We derive the expression of the friction term for constant velocities, we show how it is time dependent, and we give its exact estimate in time. Finally, we use this result to show the absence of a constant velocity in the actual dynamic of such a body.
Intermolecular electron transfer from intramolecular excitation and coherent acoustic phonon generation in a hydrogen-bonded charge-transfer solid
Authors: Rury Aaron S. , Sorenson Shayne , Dawlaty Jahan M.
Published: March 2016

Organic materials that produce coherent lattice phonon excitations in response to external stimuli may provide next generation solutions in a wide range of applications. However, for these materials to lead to functional devices in technology, a full understanding of the possible driving forces of coherent lattice phonon generation must be attained. To facilitate the achievement of this goal, we have undertaken an optical spectroscopic study of an organic charge-transfer material formed from the ubiquitous reduction-oxidation pair hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone. Upon pumping this material, known as quinhydrone, on its intermolecular charge transfer resonance as well as an intramolecular resonance of p-benzoquinone, we find sub-cm−1 oscillations whose dispersion with probe energy resembles that of a coherent acoustic phonon that we argue is coherently excited following changes in the electron density of quinhydrone. Using the dynamical information from these ultrafast pump-probe measurements, we find that the fastest process we can resolve does not change whether we pump quinhydrone at either energy. Electron-phonon coupling from both ultrafast coherent vibrational and steady-state resonance Raman spectroscopies allows us to determine that intramolecular electronic excitation of p-benzoquinone also drives the electron transfer process in quinhydrone. These results demonstrate the wide range of electronic excitations of the parent of molecules found in many functional organic materials that can drive coherent lattice phonon excitations useful for applications in electronics, photonics, and information technology.
Toroidally symmetric plasma vortex at tokamak divertor null point
Authors: Umansky M. V. , Ryutov D. D.
Published: March 2016

Reduced MHD  equations are used for studying toroidally symmetric plasma dynamics near the divertor null point. Numerical solution of these equations exhibits a plasma vortex localized at the null point with the time-evolution defined by interplay of the curvature drive, magnetic restoring force, and dissipation. Convective motion is easier to achieve for a second-order null (snowflake) divertor than for a regular x-point configuration, and the size of the convection zone in a snowflake configuration grows with plasma pressure at the null point. The trends in simulations are consistent with tokamak experiments which indicate the presence of enhanced transport at the null point.
Viscoelastic droplet dynamics in a Y-shaped capillary channel
Authors: Wang Yuli , Do-Quang Minh , Amberg Gustav
Published: March 2016

Non-Newtonian droplet dynamics commonly exist in microfluidic systems. We report simulations of viscoelastic (VE) droplets traveling in a two dimensional capillary bifurcation channel. A numerical system combining phase field method, VE rheology, and Stokes flow equations is built. As a generic microfluidic two-phase problem, we study how a non-Newtonian droplet that approaches a channel bifurcation will behave. We identify conditions for when a droplet will either split into two or be directed into one of the branches. In particular, we study the importance of the non-Newtonian properties. Our results reveal two different non-Newtonian mechanisms that can enhance splitting and non-splitting of droplets with respect to Newtonian droplets, depending on the size of droplet and capillary number.
Dynamic analysis of a buckled asymmetric piezoelectric beam for energy harvesting
Authors: Van Blarigan Louis , Moehlis Jeff
Published: March 2016

A model of a buckled beam energy harvester is analyzed to determine the phenomena behind the transition between high and low power output levels. It is shown that the presence of a chaotic attractor is a sufficient condition to predict high power output, though there are relatively small areas where high output is achieved without a chaotic attractor. The chaotic attractor appears as a product of a period doubling cascade or a boundary crisis. Bifurcation diagrams provide insight into the development of the chaotic region as the input power level is varied, as well as the intermixed periodic windows.
Effect of N2* and N on GaN nanocolumns grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Debnath A. , Gandhi J. S. , Kesaria M. , Pillai R. , Starikov D. , Bensaoula A.
Published: March 2016

The self-induced growth of GaN nanocolumns (NCs) on SixN1−x/Si (111) is investigated as a function of the ratio of molecular to atomic nitrogen species generated via plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Relative concentrations of the molecular and atomic species are calculated using optical emission spectroscopy. The growth rate (GR), diameter, and density of NCs are found to vary with the molecular to atomic nitrogen species relative abundance ratio within the plasma cavity. With increasing ratio, the GR and diameter of NCs increase while the density of NCs seems to be decreasing. The morphologies and the coalescence of GaN NCs exhibit a trend for molecular/atomic ratios up to 11, beyond which they still change but at a lower rate. The detrimental effect of taperedness of the NCs decreases with increasing molecular/atomic ratios. This is possibly because of reduction in radial growth in NCs due to increase in diffusivity of nitrogen species with increasing ratios.
Reducing the nucleation barrier in magnetocaloric Heusler alloys by nanoindentation
Authors: Niemann R. , Hahn S. , Diestel A. , Backen A. , Schultz L. , Nielsch K. , Wagner M. F.-X. , Fähler S.
Published: March 2016

Magnetocaloric materials are promising as solid state refrigerants for more efficient and environmentally friendly cooling devices. The highest effects have been observed in materials that exhibit a first-order phase transition. These transformations proceed by nucleation and growth which lead to a hysteresis. Such irreversible processes are undesired since they heat up the material and reduce the efficiency of any cooling application. In this article, we demonstrate an approach to decrease the hysteresis by locally changing the nucleation barrier. We created artificial nucleation sites and analyzed the nucleation and growth processes in their proximity. We use Ni-Mn-Ga, a shape memory alloy that exhibits a martensitic transformation. Epitaxial films serve as a model system, but their high surface-to-volume ratio also allows for a fast heat transfer which is beneficial for a magnetocaloric regenerator geometry. Nanoindentation is used to create a well-defined defect. We quantify the austenite phase fraction in its proximity as a function of temperature which allows us to determine the influence of the defect on the transformation.
Multistability of phase-locking and topological winding numbers in locally coupled Kuramoto models on single-loop networks
Authors: Delabays Robin , Coletta Tommaso , Jacquod Philippe
Published: March 2016

Determining the number of stable phase-locked solutions for locally coupled Kuramoto models is a long-standing mathematical problem with important implications in biology, condensed matter physics, and electrical engineering among others. We investigate Kuramoto models on networks with various topologies and show that different phase-locked solutions are related to one another by loop currents. The latter take only discrete values, as they are characterized by topological winding numbers. This result is generically valid for any network and also applies beyond the Kuramoto model, as long as the coupling between oscillators is antisymmetric in the oscillators’ coordinates. Motivated by these results, we further investigate loop currents in Kuramoto-like models. We consider loop currents in nonoriented n-node cycle networks with nearest-neighbor coupling. Amplifying on earlier works, we give an algebraic upper bound N≤2 Int[n/4]+1 for the number N of different, linearly stable phase-locked solutions. We show that the number of different stable solutions monotonically decreases as the coupling strength is decreased. Furthermore stable solutions with a single angle difference exceeding π/2 emerge as the coupling constant K is reduced, as smooth continuations of solutions with all angle differences smaller than π/2 at higher K. In a cycle network with nearest-neighbor coupling, we further show that phase-locked solutions with two or more angle differences larger than π/2 are all linearly unstable. We point out similarities between loop currents and vortices in superfluids and superconductors as well as persistent currents in superconducting rings and two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays.
The Cauchy principal value and the Hadamard finite part integral as values of absolutely convergent integrals
Authors: Galapon Eric A.
Published: March 2016

The divergent integral ∫abf(x)(x−x0)−n−1dx, for −∞ < a < x0 < b < ∞ and n = 0, 1, 2, …, is assigned, under certain conditions, the value equal to the simple average of the contour integrals ∫C±f(z)(z − x0)−n−1dz, where C+ (C−) is a path that starts from a and ends at b and which passes above (below) the pole at x0. It is shown that this value, which we refer to as the analytic principal value, is equal to the Cauchy principal value for n = 0 and to the Hadamard finite-part of the divergent integral for positive integer n. This implies that, where the conditions apply, the Cauchy principal value and the Hadamard finite-part integral are in fact values of absolutely convergent integrals. Moreover, it leads to the replacement of the boundary values in the Sokhotski-Plemelj-Fox theorem with integrals along some arbitrary paths. The utility of the analytic principal value in the numerical, analytical, and asymptotic evaluations of the principal value and the finite-part integral is discussed and demonstrated.
Calculating the radiation characteristics of accelerated electrons in laser-plasma interactions
Authors: Li X. F. , Yu Q. , Gu Y. J. , Qu J. F. , Ma Y. Y. , Kong Q. , Kawata S.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we studied the characteristics of radiation emitted by electrons accelerated in a laser–plasma interaction by using the Lienard–Wiechert field. In the interaction of a laser pulse with a underdense plasma, electrons are accelerated by two mechanisms: direct laser acceleration (DLA) and laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). At the beginning of the process, the DLA electrons emit most of the radiation, and the DLA electrons emit a much higher peak photon energy than the LWFA electrons. As the laser–plasma interaction progresses, the LWFA electrons become the major radiation emitter; however, even at this stage, the contribution from DLA electrons is significant, especially to the peak photon energy.
Arbitrary on-chip optical filter using complex waveguide Bragg gratings
Authors: Zhu Tiecheng , Hu Yiwen , Gatkine Pradip , Veilleux Sylvain , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Dagenais Mario
Published: March 2016

We demonstrate a Complex Waveguide Bragg Grating (CWBG) which can be designed to generate an arbitrary transmission spectrum. A comprehensive design method, based on the Layer Peeling/Adding algorithm, is developed to realize the grating on a silica-on-silicon platform. The CWBG has a simple one-layer waveguide structure for ease of fabrication. A spectral precision better than ±0.1 nm and a suppression ratio between 15 dB and 33 dB are achieved for a transmission spectrum consisting of 20 randomly distributed spectral notches with a 3 dB width of 0.3–0.4 nm. Among the CWBG's various potential applications, we highlight its use for eliminating OH emission lines from the Earth's atmosphere for ground-based astronomical observations.
Efficiency enhancement and angle-dependent color change in see-through organic photovoltaics using distributed Bragg reflectors
Authors: Dong Wan Jae , Lo Nhat-Truong , Jung Gwan Ho , Ham Juyoung , Lee Jong-Lam
Published: March 2016

A distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is conducted as a bottom reflector in see-through organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with an active layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). The DBR consists of alternative layers of the high- and low-refractive index materials of Ta2O5 (n = 2.16) and SiO2 (n = 1.46). The DBR selectively reflects the light within a specific wavelength region (490 nm–630 nm) where the absorbance of P3HT:PCBM is maximum. The see-through OPVs fabricated on DBR exhibit efficiency enhancement by 31% compared to the device without DBR. Additionally, the angle-dependent transmittance of DBR is analysed using optical simulation and verified by experimental results. As the incident angle of light increases, peak of reflectance shifts to shorter wavelength and the bandwidth gets narrower. This unique angle-dependent optical properties of DBR allows the facile color change of see-through OPVs.
Electro-magnetic properties of composites with aligned Fe-Co hollow fibers
Authors: Cho Seungchan , Choi Jae Ryung , Jung Byung Mun , Choi U. Hyeok , Lee Sang-Kwan , Kim Ki Hyeon , Lee Sang-Bok
Published: March 2016

A novel Fe-Co binary hollow fiber was synthesized by electroless plating using hydrolyzed polyester fiber and its anisotropy characteristic was investigated for electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. The hollow fibers in parallel with magnetic field show higher saturated magnetization of 202 emu/g at the applied magnetic field of 10 kOe and lower coercivity (27.658 Oe), compared with the random and vertical oriented hollow fibers. From complex permittivity measurement, the Fe-Co hollow fiber composites clearly display a single dielectric resonance, located at ∼14 GHz. The Fe-Co hollow fibers not only provide excellent EM properties in GHz frequency ranges, resulting mainly from the strong resonance, but also adjust the soft magnetic properties through fiber alignments. The cavitary structure of the Fe-Co hollow fibers, not only giving rise to a dielectric loss resonance and also adjusting its peak frequency, may be a pathway to useful EM wave absorptive devices in GHz frequency ranges.
Anisotropic ferromagnetic polymer: A first step for their implementation in microfluidic systems
Authors: Le Roy Damien , Dhungana Daya , Ourry Laurence , Faivre Magalie , Ferrigno Rosaria , Tamion Alexandre , Dupuis Véronique , Salles Vincent , Deman Anne-Laure
Published: March 2016

Here we report on the influence of anisotropic microstructure on the performances of magnetically soft micro-patterns intended to integrate microfluidic systems. These micro-patterns are made of a composite obtained by mixing carbonyl iron particles with polydimethylsiloxane, which offers practical integration advantages. We investigated a wide range of magnetic particle loadings, from 10wt% to 83wt%, reaching magnetization as high as 630 kA/m. A homogeneous field was applied during the polymer’s cross-linking phase so that to obtain a 1D arrangement of the particles in the solidified polymer, along the field direction. Here we present the results obtained for square-based micro-pillars prepared under a magnetic field applied along one of its diagonal. We assessed the magnetic anisotropy owing to the particles’ spatial arrangement by comparing the magnetization processes along the two diagonals of the micro-pillar’s base. The magnetic susceptibilities along the two directions differ from a factor greater than three. The results can be described in terms of high aspect ratio and porous magnetic agglomerates.
Synthesis, magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Pr(Fe0.75Co0.15Cu0.01Nb0.04B0.05)1.93 bulk nanocrystalline synthesized under high pressure
Authors: Hu Cheng-Chao , Shi Yang-Guang , Shi Da-Ning , Chen Long-Qing
Published: March 2016

Bulk nanocrystalline Pr(Fe0.75Co0.15Cu0.01Nb0.04B0.05)1.93 alloys were synthesized by annealing its melt-spinning ribbons under different pressures and temperatures. It was demonstrated that the average grain size decreases with increasing pressure from 3 GPa to 6 GPa under the same annealing temperature of 853 K but increases with increasing temperature from 823 K to 923 K under the same annealing pressure of 6 GPa. A negative correlation between the coercivity and average grain size was found in the present investigated system. Grain refinement without losing the advantage of volume fraction of magnetostrictive phase offers the sample annealed under 6 GPa and 853 K the optimized magnetostrictive property, which might make it potential material for magnetostrictive application.
Effect of aging and annealing on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ultra-thin CoPt films
Authors: Hara R. , Hayakawa K. , Ebata K. , Sugita R.
Published: March 2016

The effect of aging and annealing on the magnetic properties of ultra-thin CoPt films with a Ru underlayer was investigated. For the 3 nm thick CoPt film aged in the air, the decrease of the saturation magnetic moment ms, the drastic increase of the perpendicular coercivity Hc⊥ and the perpendicular anisotropy were observed. This is because the surface layer of the CoPt film was oxidized and the bottom layer with high perpendicular anisotropy due to lattice distortion remained. For the annealed 3 nm thick CoPt film with a Pt protective layer, rising the annealing temperature Ta led to the decrease of ms, the decrease after increase of Hc⊥, and the decrease of the perpendicular squareness ratio S⊥ at Ta of 400 ∘C. The origins of effect of annealing were considered to be the grain boundary diffusion and the bulk diffusion of Ru and Pt into the CoPt film, and relaxation of the lattice distortion.
Lightweight graphene nanoplatelet/boron carbide composite with high EMI shielding effectiveness
Authors: Tan Yongqiang , Luo Heng , Zhang Haibin , Zhou Xiaosong , Peng Shuming
Published: March 2016

Lightweight graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/boron carbide (B4C) composites were prepared and the effect of GNPs loading on the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) has been evaluated in the X-band frequency range. Results have shown that the EMI SE of GNP/B4C composite increases with increasing the GNPs loading. An EMI SE as high as 37 ∼ 39 dB has been achieved in composite with 5 vol% GNPs. The high EMI SE is mainly attributed to the high electrical conductivity, high dielectric loss as well as multiple reflections by aligned GNPs inside the composite. The GNP/B4C composite is demonstrated to be promising candidate of high-temperature microwave EMI shielding material.
1984–2010 trends in fire burn severity and area for the conterminous US
Authors: Picotte Joshua J. , Peterson Birgit , Meier Gretchen , Howard Stephen M.
Published: March 2016

Burn severity products created by the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project were used to analyse historical trends in burn severity. Using a severity metric calculated by modelling the cumulative distribution of differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and Relativized dNBR (RdNBR) data, we examined burn area and burn severity of 4893 historical fires (1984–2010) distributed across the conterminous US (CONUS) and mapped by MTBS. Yearly mean burn severity values (weighted by area), maximum burn severity metric values, mean area of burn, maximum burn area and total burn area were evaluated within 27 US National Vegetation Classification macrogroups. Time series assessments of burned area and severity were performed using Mann–Kendall tests. Burned area and severity varied by vegetation classification, but most vegetation groups showed no detectable change during the 1984–2010 period. Of the 27 analysed vegetation groups, trend analysis revealed burned area increased in eight, and burn severity has increased in seven. This study suggests that burned area and severity, as measured by the severity metric based on dNBR or RdNBR, have not changed substantially for most vegetation groups evaluated within CONUS.
A value- and expectancy-based approach to understanding residents’ intended response to a wildfire threat
Authors: McNeill Ilona M. , Dunlop Patrick D. , Skinner Timothy C. , Morrison David L.
Published: March 2016

To motivate residents to evacuate early in case of a wildfire threat, it is important to know what factors underlie their response-related decision-making. The current paper examines the role of the value and expectancy tied to potential outcomes of defending vs evacuating on awareness of a community fire threat. A scenario study among 339 Western Australians revealed that residents intending to leave immediately on awareness of a community fire threat differ from those not intending to leave immediately in both value and expectancy. For one, intended leavers were more likely than those intending to defend their property to have children. Also, the data showed a trend towards intended leavers being less likely to have livestock. Furthermore, intended leavers placed less importance on the survival of their property than those with other expressed intentions. They also reported lower expectancies regarding the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes by defending than those intending to defend or wait and see before deciding what to do. Finally, intended leavers perceived it more likely that they would avoid harm to their pets by evacuating than those intending to defend throughout or wait and see. These findings have important implications for strategies to influence residents’ response-related decision-making.
Topologically associated domains enriched for lineage-specific genes reveal expression-dependent nuclear topologies during myogenesis
Authors: Neems Daniel S. , Garza-Gongora Arturo G. , Smith Erica D. , Kosak Steven T.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Genome biology aims to gain insight into nuclear function through the study of genome architecture. Analysis of the completed sequences of various eukaryotic genomes indicates that genes are nonrandomly distributed along chromosomes. Recent molecular approaches based on chromosome confirmation capture have identified topologically associated domains (TADs) as a unifying structural model for chromatin organization; however, whether linear gene order and TADs intersect to affect nuclear organization remains to be resolved. Using human myogenesis as a model, we found that a population of TADs have significant enrichment for myogenic-specific genes that results in changes in their subnuclear and intrachromosomal territory structure. We found that these changes in organization impact biallelic transcription and require cell division to be established.
Perceptual learning of degraded speech by minimizing prediction error
Authors: Sohoglu Ediz , Davis Matthew H.
Published: March 2016

Significance

Experience-dependent changes in sensory processing are critical for successful perception in dynamic and noisy environments. However, the neural and computational mechanisms supporting such changes have remained elusive. Using electrical and magnetic recordings of human brain activity, we demonstrate that two different sources of experience-dependent improvement in perception of degraded speech—the immediate effects of prior knowledge and longer-term changes resulting from perceptual learning—arise from common neural machinery in the sensory cortex although they operate over dramatically different behavioral timescales. Our findings support a specific neuro-computational account of perception in which a single mechanism, minimization of prediction error, drives both the immediate perceptual effects of prior knowledge and longer-term perceptual learning.
Rapid expansion of the protein disulfide isomerase gene family facilitates the folding of venom peptides
Authors: Safavi-Hemami Helena , Li Qing , Jackson Ronneshia L. , Song Albert S. , Boomsma Wouter , Bandyopadhyay Pradip K. , Gruber Christian W. , Purcell Anthony W. , Yandell Mark , Olivera Baldomero M. , Ellgaard Lars
Published: March 2016

Significance

The majority of secreted proteins contain disulfide bonds that provide structural stability in the extracellular environment. The formation of correct disulfide bonds is assisted by the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Most secreted structural domains are ancient and widely distributed in all metazoans; in contrast, diverse sets of unique disulfide-rich structural domains have more recently evolved in venomous marine snails (superfamily Conoidea comprising >10,000 species). We have discovered a previously undescribed gene family encoding PDIs of unprecedented diversity. We suggest that these enzymes constitute an important part of the supporting molecular infrastructure required for properly folding the plethora of structural domains expressed in the venoms of snails in different conoidean lineages.
Forkhead box A3 mediates glucocorticoid receptor function in adipose tissue
Authors: Ma Xinran , Xu Lingyan , Mueller Elisabetta
Published: March 2016

Significance

This paper shows a previously unidentifed relationship between the transcription factor forkhead box a3 (Foxa3) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by demonstrating, for the first time to our knowledge, that Foxa3 is a target of GR and that it is required for GR transcriptional function in fat depots. Via animal studies we show that the absence of the Foxa3 gene protects the fat depot from the expansion associated with chronic exposure to glucocorticoids, drugs widely used in medical practice to treat inflammatory disease and autoimmune disorders. Overall our findings suggest that Foxa3 can be a potential target for the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced pathological side effects in adipose tissues.
Epistemic “Holes” in Space-Time
Authors: Manchak John Byron
Published: March 2016

A number of models of general relativity seem to contain “holes” that are thought to be “physically unreasonable.” One seeks a condition to rule out these models. We examine a number of possibilities already in use. We then introduce a new condition: epistemic hole-freeness. Epistemic hole-freeness is not just a new condition—it is new in kind. In particular, it does not presuppose a distinction between space-times that are “physically reasonable” and those that are not.
Evidential Diversity and the Triangulation of Phenomena
Authors: Kuorikoski Jaakko , Marchionni Caterina
Published: March 2016

The article argues for the epistemic rationale of triangulation, namely, the use of multiple and independent sources of evidence. It claims that triangulation is to be understood as causal reasoning from data to phenomenon, and it rationalizes its epistemic value in terms of controlling for likely errors and biases of particular data-generating procedures. This perspective is employed to address objections against triangulation concerning the fallibility and scope of the inference, as well as problems of independence, incomparability, and discordance of evidence. The debate on the existence of social preferences is used as an illustrative case.
Monotone and consistent discretization of the Monge-Ampère operator
Authors: Benamou Jean-David , Collino Francis , Mirebeau Jean-Marie
Published: March 2016

We introduce a novel discretization of the Monge-Ampère operator, simultaneously consistent and degenerate elliptic, hence accurate and robust in applications. These properties are achieved by exploiting the arithmetic structure of the discrete domain, assumed to be a two dimensional cartesian grid. The construction of our scheme is simple, but its analysis relies on original tools seldom encountered in numerical analysis, such as the geometry of two dimensional lattices and an arithmetic structure called the Stern-Brocot tree. Numerical experiments illustrate the method’s efficiency.
Pathway analysis by randomization incorporating structure—PARIS: an update
Authors: Butkiewicz Mariusz , Cooke Bailey Jessica N. , Frase Alex , Dudek Scott , Yaspan Brian L. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Pendergrass Sarah A. , Haines Jonathan L.
Published: March 2016

Motivation: We present an update to the pathway enrichment analysis tool ‘Pathway Analysis by Randomization Incorporating Structure (PARIS)’ that determines aggregated association signals generated from genome-wide association study results. Pathway-based analyses highlight biological pathways associated with phenotypes. PARIS uses a unique permutation strategy to evaluate the genomic structure of interrogated pathways, through permutation testing of genomic features, thus eliminating many of the over-testing concerns arising with other pathway analysis approaches.

Results: We have updated PARIS to incorporate expanded pathway definitions through the incorporation of new expert knowledge from multiple database sources, through customized user provided pathways, and other improvements in user flexibility and functionality.

Availability and implementation: PARIS is freely available to all users at https://ritchielab.psu.edu/software/paris-download.

Contact:  jnc43@case.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Relationship Between Upper Respiratory Tract Influenza Test Result and Clinical Outcomes Among Critically Ill Influenza Patients
Authors: Reddy Krishna P. , Bajwa Ednan K. , Parker Robert A. , Onderdonk Andrew B. , Walensky Rochelle P.
Published: March 2016

Among critically ill patients with lower respiratory tract (LRT)-confirmed influenza, we retrospectively observed worse 28-day clinical outcomes in upper respiratory tract (URT)-negative versus URT-positive subjects. This finding may reflect disease progression and highlights the need for influenza testing of both URT and LRT specimens to improve diagnostic yield and possibly inform prognosis.