bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to domestic cats
Authors: ALBARELLOS G. A. , KREIL V. E. , LANDONI M. F.
Published: May 2007

The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone, a third‐generation cephalosporin, were investigated in five cats after single intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration at a dosage of 25 mg/kg. Ceftriaxone MICs for some gram‐negative and positive strains isolated from clinical cases were determined. Efficacy predictor (t > MIC) was calculated. Serum ceftriaxone disposition was best fitted by a bicompartmental and a monocompartmental open models with first‐order elimination after intravenous and intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing, respectively. After intravenous administration, distribution was fast (t1/2d 0.14 ± 0.02 h) and moderate as reflected by the volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) of 0.57 ± 0.22 L/kg. Furthermore, elimination was rapid with a plasma clearance of 0.37 ± 0.13 L/h·kg and a t1/2 of 1.73 ± 0.23 h. Peak serum concentration (Cmax), tmax and bioavailability for the intramuscular administration were 54.40 ± 12.92 μg/mL, 0.33 ± 0.07 h and 85.72 ± 14.74%, respectively; and for the subcutaneous route the same parameters were 42.35 ± 17.62 μg/mL, 1.27 ± 0.95 h and 118.28 ± 39.17%. Ceftriaxone MIC for gram‐negative bacteria ranged from 0.0039 to >8 μg/mL and for gram‐positive bacteria from 0.5 to 4 μg/mL. t > MIC was in the range 83.31–91.66% (10–12 h) of the recommended dosing interval (12 h) for Escherichia coli (MIC90 = 0.2 μg/mL).
A functionally divergent hydrogenosomal peptidase with protomitochondrial ancestry
Authors: Brown Mark T. , Goldstone Heather M. H. , Bastida‐Corcuera Felix , Delgadillo‐Correa Maria G. , McArthur Andrew G. , Johnson Patricia J.
Published: May 2007

Matrix proteins of mitochondria, hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are typically targeted and translocated into their respective organelles using N‐terminal presequences that are subsequently cleaved by a peptidase. Here we characterize a ∼47 kDa metallopeptidase, from the hydrogenosome‐bearing, unicellular eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis, that contains the active site motif (HXXEHX76E) characteristic of the β subunit of the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) and localizes to hydrogenosomes. The purified recombinant protein, named hydrogenosomal processing peptidase (HPP), is capable of cleaving a hydrogenosomal presequence in vitro, in contrast to MPP which requires both an α and β subunit for activity. T. vaginalis HPP forms an ∼100 kDa homodimer in vitro and also exists in an ∼100 kDa complex in vivo. Our phylogenetic analyses support a common origin for HPP and βMPP and demonstrate that gene duplication gave rise to αMPP and βMPP before the divergence of T. vaginalis and mitochondria‐bearing lineages. These data, together with published analyses of MPPs and putative mitosomal processing peptidases, lead us to propose that the length of targeting presequences and the subunit composition of organellar processing peptidases evolved in concert. Specifically, longer mitochondrial presequences may have evolved to require an α/β heterodimer for accurate cleavage, while shorter hydrogenosomal and mitosomal presequences did not.
Molecular genetic analysis of purine nucleobase transport in Leishmania major
Authors: Ortiz Diana , Sanchez Marco A. , Pierce Steven , Herrmann Timo , Kimblin Nicola , Archie Bouwer H. G. , Landfear Scott M.
Published: May 2007

Leishmania major and all other parasitic protozoa are unable to synthesize purines de novo and are therefore reliant upon uptake of preformed purines from their hosts via nucleobase and nucleoside transporters. L. major expresses two nucleobase permeases, NT3 that is a high affinity transporter for purine nucleobases and NT4 that is a low affinity transporter for adenine. nt3(–/–) null mutant promastigotes were unable to replicate in medium containing 10 μM hypoxanthine, guanine, or xanthine and replicated slowly in 10 μM adenine due to residual low affinity uptake of that purine. The NT3 transporter mediated the uptake of the anti‐leishmanial drug allopurinol, and the nt3(–/–) mutants were resistant to killing by this drug. Expression of the NT3 permease was profoundly downregulated at the protein but not the mRNA level in stationary phase compared with logarithmic phase promastigotes. The nt4(–/–) null mutant was quantitatively impaired in survival within murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Extensive efforts to generate an nt3(–/–)/nt4(–/–) dual null mutant were not successful, suggesting that one of the two nucleobase permeases must be retained for robust growth of the parasite. The phenotypes of these null mutants underscore the importance of purine nucleobase transporters in the Leishmania life cycle and pharmacology.
FliK regulates flagellar hook length as an internal ruler
Authors: Shibata Satoshi , Takahashi Noriko , Chevance Fabienne F. V. , Karlinsey Joyce E. , Hughes Kelly T. , Aizawa Shin‐Ichi
Published: May 2007

The mechanism of length control of the flagellar hook is under debate between two theories. One claims that the FliK directly measures the hook length as a molecular ruler, while the other claims that the cytoplasmic substructure measures the amount of hook subunits to determine the hook length. Both agree that the FliK C‐terminal domain catalyses the substrate‐specificity switch to terminate hook elongation. In this study, we systematically created fliK mutants with deletions and insertions at various sites within the FliK N‐terminal domain and analysed their effects on the final hook length. Insertions of peptide fragments from the Yersinia YscP into FliK gave rise to hooks with defined lengths, which was proportional to the molecular size of the FliK‐YscP chimeras. Among fliK deletion mutants, only those with small truncations in three specific sites of FliK produced hooks of a defined, shortened length. For the majority of deletion mutants, FliK was secreted, but hook length was not controlled. On the other hand, for some deletion mutants FliK was not secreted, but the hook length was controlled, indicating that FliK secretion is not necessary for hook‐length control. We conclude that FliK regulates hook length as an internal molecular ruler.
Epidermolytic Palmo‐plantar Keratoderma
Authors: Thomas J. R. , Greene Steven L. , Daniel Su W. P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: An 11–year‐old girl who at 91/2 months was diagnosed as having keratoderma of the palms and soles, present since birth, developed typical granuloma annulare at the age of 11 years. To the authors’knowledge, this is the first report of epidermolytic palmo‐plantar keratoderma associated with granuloma annulare. There was no known family history of keratoderma. A review of the literature revealed three other patients without family history, although most of the patients have had multiple family members with the same problem. Many skin conditions can be associated with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. The authors believe that epidermolytic palmo‐planter keratoderma is a distinct form of palmo‐plantar a rather than a type of ichthyosis.
Lymphedema in Noonan's Syndrome
Authors: White Stephen W.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Chronic edema can be debilitating in Noonan's syndrome. Transient childhood lymnphedema may be followed by elephantiasis as early as adolescence. Recurrent streptococcal cellulitis exacerbates this problem. Hygenic measures and prophylactic antiobiotic therapy may slow progression of lymphedema of the legs in Noonan's syndrome.
Malignant Melanoma in World War II Veterans
Authors: Brown Julian , Kopf Alfred W. , Rica Darrell S. , Friedman Robert J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In a consecutive series of 1,067 patient entered into the data base of the Melanoma Cooperative Croup at New York University School of Medicine between 1972 and 1980, 120 men were of draft age (18–31 years) during World War II (1941–1945). Questionnaires were sent to these 120 individuals; 89 responded. Simultaneously, a control (nonmelanoma) population of 65 men of similar age was queried. Each subject in both groups was asked whether he had served in the armed forces during World War It and, if so, what were his theaters of operation. Based on the response, 83% (74 of 89) of the melanoma group compared with 76% (49 of 65) of the control group had served in the armed forces during World War II; however, a significantly (p = 0.0002) greater percent of the melanoma patients 134%) served in the tropics than did the control subjects (6%). Further, overrepresented in the melanoma group that served in the tropics (compared with the melanoma group who served in the armed forces in nontropical theaters) were malignant melanomas that had their origin in nevocytic nevi. The findings suggest that Caucasian individuals heavily exposed to sunlight in the tropics for several years during early life may he at higher risk to the subsequent development of cutaneous malignant melanoma. In some individuals this may be a two‐step phenomenon, in which the first step is the solar induction of nevocytic nevi and the second is malignant transformation within them.
H2 Blockers in Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Singh Gurmohan
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Two hundred unselected patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria were treated with adequate doses of conventional antihistamines given at frequent intervals; 98.5% were completely freed of disease while on therapy. In three cases, the lesions subsided but did not clear completely. The addition of 800 mg of cimetidine in divided doses cleared the lesions in two cases, and in the third case the dose of H1 blocker was increased, which resulted in complete clearance of wheals and symptoms. Addition of H2 blockers play a role, but only in a very small percentage of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria who do not completely respond to adequate doses of H1 blockers.
Eosinophilic Cellulitis (Wells' Syndrome)
Authors: Fisher George B. , Greer Kenneth E. , Cooper Philip H.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Two patients with eosinophilic cellulitis are reported and 22 additional cases from the literature are reviewed. Cutaneous lesions are variable in appearance and may be confused with cellulitis, urticaria, insect bites, or contact dermatitis. Microscopically, there is a dense dermal infiltrate of eosinophils. Subsequently, granulomatous features with characteristic “flame figures” become apparent. Peripheral eosinophilia is common. The etiology of eosinophilic cellutitis is unknown, although a hypersensitivity mechanism is suspected. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids is frequently effective, but the disease Is often characterized by relapses that can occur for several years.
Topical Zinc Therapy for Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Cochran Ronald J. , Tucker Stephen B. , Flannigan Stephen A.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: A double‐blind study of 30 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topically applied 2% zinc sulfate solution for acne therapy. Over a 12‐week period, no difference was noted between placebo‐ and zinc‐treated participants in regard to either the number or type of acne lesions. The irritancy due to topically applied zinc was significantly greater (p 0.05) than that due to the placebo. Zinc serum levels were not significantly elevated between the two regimens before, during, or after treatment. This study suggests that topical zinc therapy alone is not of significant benefit in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Clinical Pattern of Vitiligo in Libya
Authors: Singh Malkit , Singh Gurmohan , Kanwar A. J. , Belhaj M. S.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Patients with vitiligo attending the polyclinics of Benghazi during a 9‐month period were reviewed. The proportionate case ratio was 0.33% of all skin cases. The mean age at onset of the disease was 19.38 years; mean age at reporting the disease was 23.06 years. There was more frequent involvement of exposed parts in men compared with women. Vitiligo areata responded better to treatment. The history did not confirm the genetic predisposition of the disease. Association with known autoimmune disease is reported.
Isotretinoin and Tetracycline in the Management of Severe Nodulocystic Acne
Authors: Lester R. S. , Schachter G. D. , Light Margaret J.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Thirty patients with treatment‐resistant cystic and conglobulate acne entered a randomized double‐blind protocol. testing the efficacy of isotretinion versus tetracycline. After 16 weeks of isotretinoin treatment, the mean number of cysts decreased by 64% and the mean sum of the longest diameters was reduced by 68%. After 16 weeks of tetracycline therapy, the total number of cysts showed a mean decrease of 52%, and the mean sum of the longest diameters decreased by 60%. The reduction in the number of cysts and the sum of their longest diameters that occurred after 16 weeks of treatment was statistically significant for each of the treatment groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups at the end of therapy. Eight weeks after the discontinuation of treatment in the isotretinoin group, there was an overall reduction from baseline of 82% in the cyst count and 88% in the sum of the longest diameters. In the tetracycline treatment group, the overall reduction from baseline in the cyst count was 54% and in the sum of the longest diameters, 60%. This led to a statistically significant difference in the two treatment groups, at 24 weeks. All patients on isotretinoin experienced side effects that were primarily related to the integumentary system but necessitated discontinuation of the drug for a short period of time in only one patient. Long‐term followup, 8 months after discontinuation of the study, showed a prolonged significant remission of acne in the isotretinoin group but not in the tetracycline group.
Etretinate Improves Localized Porokeratosis of Mibelli
Authors: Campbell Janis P. , Voorhees John J.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: ABSTRACT: A 60‐year‐old woman with plaque‐type psoriasis of 30 years duration was treated with etretinate. The lesion resolved while the patient was on the drug and continued to resolve after she had discontinued therapy. The continuation of resolution after the patient had discontinued the drug is probably due to its long half‐life.
Chromomycosis in Zaire
Authors: Banks Isaac S. , Palmieri James R. , Lanoie Leo , Connor Daniel H. , Meyers Wayne M.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Biopsy specimens from 17 Zairians with chromomycosis are described. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 50 years, with a mean of 37.2 (10.2). Chromomycosis was suspected clinically in only 3 of the 17 patients. In 14 patients the lesions were on the lower limbs and in 3 on the arms. The lesions were chronic, in one patient persisting (or 9 years. The diagnosis was established in each patient by finding typical thick‐walled brown fungi within the lesions. Some fungi were in abscesses, others were in histiocytes or giant cells. The fungi and the inflammatory reaction were concentrated in the upper dermis. Acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis were constant features and pseudoepithe‐ liomatous hyperplasia (PEH) was a feature in 10 patients. Transepithelial elimination (TEE) of fungi was a conspicuous feature in eight specimens. Microscopic features suggested TEE in an additional three. PEH and TEE were associated in all specimens. In patients with TEE, the diagnosis may he confirmed quickly by smearing surface scrapings and finding the characteristic brown fungi.
Trichostasis Spinulosa
Authors: Young Margaret C. , Jorizzo Joseph L. , Sanchez Ramon L. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Thomas Danny R. , King Clinton A.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Trichostasis spinulosa is a common disorder of follicular hyperkeratosis that is often confused clinically with similar disorders, such as keratosis pilaris and eruptive vellus hair cysts. Six patients from the UTMB dermatology clinic who had trichostasis spinulosa are presented. Two of the six also had keratosis pilaris and one had eruptive vellus hair cysts. The present study was undertaken to compare and contrast the clinical presentation and histopathologic appearance of these three disorders. The results of the study and review of the literature revealed differences in distribution of lesions and microscopic appearance of follicular and histopathologic material.
UVB Maintenance Phototherapy in Psoriasis
Authors: Petrozzi John W.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: Twenty‐six patients with generalized stable plaque‐type psoriasis were treated three to five times weekly with midwave fluorescent ultraviolet radiation (UVB) combined with either tar or lubricants. After clearing, patients received maintenance treatment with lubricant and UVB for a minimum of four weekly exposures, which were subsequently decreased in frequency. A shielded control site was observed. During maintenance treatments no prolongation in remissions with UVB maintenance could be demonstrated.
The Dermatology of Kauai, Hawaii, 1981–1982
Authors: Elpern David J.
Published: May 2007

Abstract: The distribution of skin disease within a population can be used as the basis for research as well as planning for the delivery of health services. In this prospective study, the cutaneous diagnoses and demographic data on all patients seen in the only dermatology clinic on Kauai, Hawaii, were recorded from March 1981 to February 1982. Kauai is relatively unique in that the population is comprised of four racial groups with roughly equal representation; these groups live under similar conditions. A total of 3,277 patients were seen and 4,106 diagnoses were rendered: acne vulgaris, contact dermatitis, verrucae, and dermatophytosis were the most common. Various diseases were not equally divided among the racial groups. These data are compared to similar previous studies.
Erysipelas
Authors: Ronnen Meir , Suster Saul , Millet Miriam Schewach , Modan Michaela
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A retrospective study of 526 adult patients admitted to the Sheba Medical Center for treatment of erysipelas during the period 1972–1982 showed a steady increase in the number of cases admitted as well as a striking change in its classical pattern of distribution, with 86% of the lesions occurring in the lower extremities opposed to 5.9% in the face. Local trauma and superficial abrasions were identified as the major predisposing factors, whereas upper respiratory tract infection was almost negligible among the patients. Peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, and prolonged treatment with corticoids, immunosuppressants, or radiation were less frequently associated with the development of the disease. New trends were also observed for the age groups and seasonal distribution of the population studied.
Isotretinoin and Tetracycline in the Management of Severe Nodulocystic Acne
Authors: Lester R. S. , Schachter G. D. , Light Margaret J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Thirty patients with treatment‐resistant cystic and conglobulate acne entered a randomized double‐blind protocol, testing the efficacy of isotretinoin versus tetracycline. After 16 weeks of isotretinoin treatment, the mean number of cysts decreased by 64% and the mean sum of the longest diameters was reduced by 68%. After 16 weeks of tetracycline therapy, the total number of cysts showed a mean decrease of 52%, and the mean sum of the longest diameters decreased by 60%. The reduction in the number of cysts and the sum of their longest diameters that occurred after 16 weeks of treatment was statistically significant for each of the treatment groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups at the end of therapy. Eight weeks after the discontinuation of treatment in the isotretinoin group, there was an overall reduction from baseline of 82% in the cyst count and 88% in the sum of the longest diameters. In the tetracycline treatment group, the overall reduction from baseline in the cyst count was 54% and in the sum of the longest diameters, 60%. This led to a statistically significant difference in the two treatment groups at 24 weeks. All patients on isotretinoin experienced side effects that were primarily related to the integumentary system but necessitated discontinuation of the drug for a short period of time in only one patient. Long‐term follow‐up, 8 months after discontinuation of the study, showed a prolonged significant remission of acne in the isotretinoin group but not in the tetracycline group.
Epidemiologic Approach to Community Dermatology
Authors: Desai Sharat C. , Jagavkar Chandrakant K. , Oberai Chetan M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A survey on communicable dermatoses in economically weak villages in India showed wide variations in prevalence rates in similar ecologic setup. A skin diseases, on‐spot‐treatment, 1‐day camp was organized to treat 1787 subjects in five villages. Two applications of 1% lindane 1 week apart was the only treatment used without attending to hygiene for scabies and pediculosis. Application of 1% gention violet with four daily doses of sulfamethoxy‐pysidazine was administered for pyoderma. The cure rate for scabies and pediculosis was 86%. Epidemiologic determinants of communicable dermatoses are the most important factors in the practice of community dermatology.
Chromate Sensitivity in Singapore
Authors: Leok Goh Chee
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The incidence of chromate sensitivity in a South East Asian country was found to be 3.22%, the female:male ratio being 1:5, with the majority of the allergies being occupational in origin in men and unexplained in women. Cement was the most common cause among the occupational allergies. Housewives and office workers were the most common occupations in those with unexplained allergies.
Discordance of Skin and Muscle Involvement in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Gertner Elie , Urowitz Murray B.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The skin manifestations of dermatomyositis infrequently occur without the myositis. A 24‐year‐old woman presented with concordance of the skin and muscle components of dermatomyositis, followed by a remission of the myositis with a persistence of significant rash for 17 years, finally presenting with a flare of both skin and muscle components together. Clinicians should be alert to the recurrence of an underlying myositis at any time.
Canthaxanthin
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Haberman Herbert F. , Pawlowski Danuta , Shulman Geoffrey , Menon I. Aravindakshan
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Canthaxanthin is used as a food‐coloring agent, a photoprotective agent in certain photodermatoses, a tansimulating agent, and a pigment to darken vitiliginous skin. This article reviews the current literature on canthaxanthin and reports the evaluation of oral canthaxanthin as an artificial pigment for the management of vitiligo. Fifty‐six patients were studied, using serum canthaxanthin levels, pre‐and post‐treatment photographs with standard conditions, physician assessment, and patient questionnaires evaluating treatment results. Canthaxanthin was rated “very satisfactory” by 10%, “satisfactory” by 35%, and “unsatisfactory” by 54% of patients. In light‐skinned individuals, self‐report were “very satisfactory” in 27%, “satisfactory” in 45%, and “unsatisfactory” in 27%. In dark‐skinned individuals, the treatment was less effective. Women were happier with the results than men. Major side effects were red stools and orange palms and soles. Canthaxanthin can be taken orally, is easy to use, and can be a cosmetically acceptable therapy in selected cases of vitiligo.
Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Topical Nitrogen Mustard
Authors: Arrazola J. M. , Sendagorta E. , Harto A. , Ledo A.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Eleven patients with severe alopecia areata (localized and totalis types) were treated with topically applied nitrogen mustard. Nine patients had terminal hair regrowth; in 7 of the 11 patients, it was cosmetically acceptable. Hair regrowth began approximately 1–2 months after the initiation of therapy. Two patients had an allergic contact dermatitis reaction to the mechloretamine solution; no systemic side effects were seen. During a follow‐up period of 12 months, only two patients had a recurrence. These preliminary results indicate that topically applied nitrogen mustard has a significant effect in alopecia areata.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Lin Chrang‐Shi , Wang Wen‐Jen , Wong Chu‐Kwan , Chao David
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: One Chinese construction worker and a Chinese cook experienced unknown insect bites during their stay in Abha of Saudi Arabia and then developed skin ulcers. After returning to Taiwan. Republic of China, they were diagnosed in our hospital as having cutaneous leishmaniasis on clinical and dermatopathologic grounds. We were successful in culturing the Leishmania organism with Tobie medium and liquid metacyclic stage culture medium from the skin ulcers of these two patients. The electron microscopic findings of the parasites, Leishmania tropica, both in the tissue (amastigote) and in the cultured medium (promastigote), were also reported.
Disseminated Nevus Anelasticus
Authors: Crivellato Enrico
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A 23‐year‐old man presented with a diffuse and fine wrinkling of the skin of his back and trunk. Skin lesions had first appeared about 5 years earlier and resulted from coalescing of multiple, flat, pirkish‐red papules, a few millimeters in diameter. A diagnosis of widespread cutaneous elastic hamartoma was made.

Histology revealed a focal disappearance of elastic fibers within circumscribed areas of the dermis. The pattern of the dermal collagen and reticulin was normal. No concomitant changes in the bone density were recognized by x‐ray, excluding the Buschke‐Ollendorff syndrome. Therefore, we call this case “disseminated nevus anelasticus.”
Prostaglandin E2 Gel Improvement of Psoriatic Lesions
Authors: Remy W. , Sigl I. , Leipold B.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Proslaglandin (PC) E2 gel and gel alone were topically applied to the psoriatic lesions of ten patients. After a few days, all PG E2 treated lesions improved, but a complete clearing, could not be achieved. Together with results from the literature, our findings strengthen the hypothesis that cyclo‐oxygenase activity is endogeneously inhibited in the psoriatic plaque, thus preventing formation of PG E2 and other metabolites. Replenishing of one of these substances (E2) improved the treated lesion, thus demonstrating that a decrease of PG E2 level might be one important factor in the pathogenesis of the psoriatic lesion.
Nickel Sensitivity in Singapore
Authors: Moorthy T. Thiru , Tan G. H.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Nickel is the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis in Singapore, resulting in positive reactions in patch tests between 7 and 14%. Women are more commonly affected and have an earlier mean age of onset than men (21 compared with 32). Wrist watches, earrings, buttons, and necklaces are the common source of nickel allergy. Twenty‐five percent of patients also had some form of associated hand eczema. Thirty‐six percent of patients had a history of atopy showing a higher incidence than the normal populations. Thirty‐seven percent of patients had an associated positive reaction to cobalt.
Atypical Kyrle's Disease
Authors: Schamroth J. M. , Kellen P. , Grieve T. P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Atypical Kyrle's disease developed on the limbs and on the palmar and plantar surfaces of an African man. Unusual histopathologic features, such as degenerating cells under the parakeratotic plug and eccrine duct in the parakeratotic plug, are described and the diagnostic criteria for Kyrle's disease are reviewed.
Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood in Singapore
Authors: Ratnam K. V. , Lee C. T. , Tan Tulip
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Five cases of chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood (CBDC), a rare bullous disease, are presented. Also known as linear IgA bullous dermatitis, it has significant immunofluorescence findings. Treatment with dapsone, 50mg daily, is recommended.
The Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis in Nigeria
Authors: Olumide Yetunde Mercy
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The incidence of atopic dermatitis among a recent group of 4000 consecutive dermatology patients was assessed; 3.1 percent of the patients had atopic dermatitis. The ratio of F:M was 1.3:1. Sixty‐five percent gave family histories of atopic diathesis. Twenty‐three percent of the patients were born and residing in temperate countries when the dermatitis started. Patients tend to report late because of widespread use of topical corticosteroid preparations. Secondary bacterial infections were common, and it is not advisable to avoid the use of soap in this environment.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Porokeratosis of Mibelli
Authors: James William D. , Rodman O. G.
Published: May 2007

A 54‐year‐old woman had a linear unilateral skin lesion since age 6. Neither her parents nor her five sihlings have similar lesions. Six months prior, an ulcer developed within the abnormal skin at the flexor aspect of the right ankle.

On physical examination, a linear papular dermatosis was present along the right arm from the wrist to the shoulder, along the right leg from the instep to the buttocks, and across the right flank to the umbilicus. It consisted of numerous 0.5‐to 1.0‐cm oval papules with an atrophic, sometimes red‐hrown center and a raised edge. At the flexor aspect of the right ankle was a 2‐cm ulcer (Fig. 1). The inguinal nodes were not enlarged. Results of a chest x‐ray examination and liver function tests were normal.

A biopsy specimen of a typical papule revealed an atrophic epidermis bordered on two sides by coronoid lamellae (Fig. 2). Histologic sections from the ulcer edge showed a proliferation of atypical squamous cells arising from the epidermis that extended into the lower dermis (Fig. 3).

A diagnosis of linear porokeratosis of Mibelli with associated sec was made. Surgical excision of the SCC with fullthickness skin grafting was done. No further malignancies have developed in the ensuing 2 years.
Hydralazine‐Induced Fixed Drug Eruption
Authors: Sehgal V. N. , Gangwaani O. P.
Published: May 2007

A 62‐year‐old man had known hypertension for the past 6 years and had been under medical supervision for its control. Three years ago, his therapeutic regimen had included dihydralazine sulfate for the control of hypertension. He had responded favorably for the initial 3 months. Subsequently, he noticed an erythematous eruption confined to the nose and upper lip. It was preceded and accompanied by the burning sensation. The attending physician took cognizance of this episode and henceforth stopped dihydralazine sulfate. In a couple of weeks, symptoms and signs subsided, leaving behind pigmentation. The patient did not consume this particular drug for a couple of years. Two days prior to reporting to us, he had once again taken the same drug and had a flare‐up precisely confined to the earlier site.

Examination of skin surface revealed a bluish‐black, edematous, irregular macule surrounded by an erythematous halo. It was confined to the bridge of the nose, extending to involve the right ala nasi, nasolabial fold, and adjoining part of the upper lip.

Before embarking on a provocation test, a detailed drug history was elicited again. It was revealed that the patient had been taking propranolol and diazepam regularly. Dihydralazine sulfate was taken only as a complement to the regular treatment without any instruction from the attending physician, who was surprised this time by the exacerbation of the lesion. This prompted us to identify dihydralazine sulfate as the offending drug. Accordingly, the provocation with this drug was initiated with 12.5 mg orally, and the dose was increased to 37.5 mg on the third day. With the latter dose, 2 hours after the administration of drug, the patient experienced burning, erythema, and edema in the lesion, and an erythematous halo appeared around the lesion, corresponding to the previous site. The other drugs did not evoke any positive response.
The Morphology of Keratohyalin Granules in Orthokeratotic and Parakerataotic Skin and Oral Mucosa
Authors: Westerhof W. , Dingemans K. P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: We compared morphologic features of Keratohyalin granules (KHG) that were directly related to keratinization in oral mucosa (tongue, cheek, gums, palate; n = 4) with those in parakeratotic epidermis (psoriasis, n = 2; pityriasis rubra pilaris, n = 1; acute dermatitis, n = 1) and normal or‐thokeratotic epidermis. Among others, the ultrastructural features of globular KHG were observed in the cheek, nonspecialized tongue mucosa, and parakeratotic epidermis occurring in psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and acute dermatitis, whereas gums and palate showed a mixture of characteristics, also resembling stellate KHG as seen in normal skin.

From literature as well as from our studies, the impression was gained that globular KHG were found especially in quickly dividing epithelia and could easily be distinguished from the irregular or stellate KHG that were found in slowly dividing normal epidermis.

Therefore, we studied keratinization features on days 3, 7, and 14 after autografting normal human skin (n = 4), thus inducing high cell turnover. Stellate KHG, present in granular cells of normal skin, were almost absent on the third day. Active cell division on the seventh day resulted in sparse keratohyalin formation inside globular granules of low electron density, whereas numerous, rather electron‐translucent lipid droplets occurred in upper spinous and horny cells. These two phenomena seemed to be interrelated. After 14 days, round and increasingly electron‐dense KHG were noted. In more differentiated areas, KHG became irregular. The morphogenesis of KHG could be studied in the subsequent phases of differentiation in autologous skin grafts.

We conclude that the ultrastructural features of KHG formation are related to the speed of cell turnover in the epidermis as well as in the oral mucosa.
Lichen Myxedematosus
Authors: Truhan Andrew P. , Roenick Henry H.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Lichen myxedematosus (papular mucinosis) is a slowly progressive mucinous disorder that is thought by many to have no internal organ involvement. We report a case of lichen myxedemalosus (lichenoid plaque type) that is remarkable (or the sudden and rapid nature of the infiltrative process with both Cutaneous and possibly systemic manifestations. The cutaneous abnormalities were successfully treated with cyclophosphamide and intralesional steroids. The fact that our patient's systemic signs and symptoms also responded to therapy supports the concept of internal involvement in lichen myxedematosus.
Outpatient Therapy of Bite Wounds
Authors: Goldstein Ellie J. C. , Reinhardt John F. , Murray Patricia M. , Finecold Sydney M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Thirty patients received penicillin (17 of these also received dicloxacillin) and 31 received amoxicillin/clavulanic add in a randomized study of the outpatient management of bite wounds. A wide variety of aerobic (185 strains) and anaerobic (47 strains) bacteria were isolated from these wounds. The control and study regimens were equally effective. There were four therapeutic failures in all. Aggressive wound management along with antimicrobial therapy led to a 87–96% cure rate. Loose stools or diarrhea was a more frequent side effect with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid than with penicillin ± dicloxacillin.
Vascular Accidents After Actinic (Solar) Exposure
Authors: O'Brien John P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A link may exist between vascular accidents and identifiable episodes of excessive exposure to actinic radiation. If this is so, the explanation may lie in the bizarre behaviour of the temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. In turn, the syndrome itself seems to be based upon actinically induced damage and reactivity in the elastic tissues at the surface of the body.
Mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae
Authors: Saül Amado , Bonifaz Alexandro , Messina Maud , Andrade Rafael
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Mycetoma is the most frequent deep mycosis in Mexico and is caused by Nocardia brasiliensis in 86% of the cases. Two cases of mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae, the first in Mexico, are reported. The strains were identified by their biochemical properties according to the criteria of Gordon and Mihm (1962). Few cases of mycetoma caused by this ac‐tinomycete have been reported In the world. One of our cases was unusual: occurring on the trunk as a tumor and diagnosed by finding the “grains” on histohgic examination.
Sweet's Syndrome
Authors: Leibovici Vera , Matzner Yaacov , Lijovetzky Graciela
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Sweet's syndrome (acute neutrophilic dermatosis) is characterized by fever; polymorphonuclear neutrophilic teukocytosis; elevated ESR; and characteristic, raised, painful red plaques on the face and limbs. Since Sweet first described the syndrome in 1964; more than 150 cases have been reported, hut it is assumed that the disorder is far more common than this number would indicate.
Peripheral Nerve Involvement in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Old World)
Authors: Kubba Raj , El‐Hassan A. M. , Al‐Gindan Yussuf , Omer A. H. S. , Bushra Mehmoud , Kutty M. K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: A review of 288 skin biopsy specimens from cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions caused by Leishmania major showed assorted nerve changes in 14 biopsy specimens (5%). Ten patients had perineural inflammatory cell infiltrate consisting of either lymphocytes or a mixture of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Four patients had inflammatory cell invasion of the nerves (neuritis), and in one of them the inflammation was granulomatous and associated with nerve destruction. Amastigotes were seen inside the nerves in two patients. Sensory testing of 50 consecutive patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis identified two patients with diminished sensations over the lesions.
Shoe Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Romaguera Carlos
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: In the context of contact dermatitis of a none professional character, the shoe allergic contact dermatitis has been mentioned in the literature for many years, in spite of not being frequent. During the last 15 years, our Department of Dermatology has accumulated a certain experience (225 cases) of this. The results have shown that the incriminated allergens have changed during this time.
Lupoid Sycosis
Authors: Srinivas C. R. , Shenoy K.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Lupoid sycosis, a condition refractory to treatment, is probably a chronic scarring form of deep sycosis barbae. Reported here is successful treatment of two longstanding cases of lupoid sycosis using ultraviolet‐activated 8‐methoxypsoralen in combination with co‐trimoxazole.
A Speculative on Psoriasis as an Evolutionary Consequence
Authors: Stone Orville J.
Published: May 2007

I speculate that if the inflammatory reactivity of all humans were quantitated, the results would fall on a bell‐shaped curve. Psoriasis or the psoriatic trait is the most reactive 3%. Any attempt by evolution to shift the general inflammatory response to lesser activity would result in consequences more significant than psoriasis. This speculation predicts that we might have to settle for quantitative rather than qualitative changes in inflammation in psoriasis.
Pityriasis Versicolor and Pityrosporum ovale
Authors: Borgers Marcel , Cauwenbergh Geert , Van De Ven Marie‐Anne , Hernanz Amaliadel Palacio , Degreef Hugo
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been performed on skin material of patients with pityriasis versicolor who were orally treated with itraconazole. Before an well as after therapy, variously sized spherical structures were observed on the surface of the keratinocytes with SEM. TEM examination revealed Pityrosporum ovale, predominantly in its mycelial phase, inside keratinocytes. The spherules as observed by SEM appeared to be amorphous, lipid‐like droplets originating from the inside of the keratinocytes. The cytoplasm of the keratinocytes was at least partly occupied by the same amorphous material. It is therefore suggested that P. ovale penetrates the keratinocyte where degradation of the normal keratinous content to amorphous material takes place. This newly formed lipidic substrate may be an essential nutritive factor. The lipidified Stale of the stratum corneum persisted for at least 3 weeks after eradication of the fungus by itraconazole. It is speculated that the presence of large quantities of this lipid‐like material might be the cause of hypopigmentation because it may constitute an ultraviolet light block.
Book Reviews
Authors: BEERMAN HERMAN
Published: May 2007

Books reviewed in this article:

SIXTEENTH CENTURY PHYSICIAN. Richard L. Sutton, Jr.

SKIN SURGERY. Marwali Harahap

THE CLINICAL USE OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN DERMATOLOGY. Alvin S. Zelickson

PINKUS' GUIDE TO DERMATOHISTOPATHOLOGY. Amir H. Mehregan

CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY ILLUSTRATED. John R. T. Reeves and Howard Maibach

RECENT ADVANCES IN DERMATOLOGY. R. H. Champion
Combination Therapy (Monomycine and Methyluracil) in Leishmaniasis Cutis
Authors: Hossain M. Z.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Fifty patients with leishmaniasis cutis were treated with 250,000 units of monomydne intramuscularly every 8 hours and 0.5 g of methyluracil orally twice daily for a total period of 10 days. The follow‐up study of all the patients for a period of 12 months showed persistent effectiveness of the treatment without the appearance of any sign and symptom of the so‐called metaleishmaniasis (leishmaniasis recidi‐vans). This paper highlights our results of treatment of leishmaniasis cutis, especially the rapid reduction of inflammatory reaction, quick regression of the skin process, and the rapid formation of scar without significant cosmetic effect in comparison with the data available in the literature.
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Authors: Ray Mark , Hendrick Sophia J. , Raimer Sharon S. , Blackwell Steven J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: The amniotic band syndrome (ABS) refers to the infrequent occurrence of congenital deformities presumably due to fetal entanglement in strands of ruptured amniotic sac. The most commonly associated anomalies include amputations, constriction bands, syndactyly, craniafocial defects, club feet, and cleft lip. We present a typical case and short literature review of ABS. The infant reported also had a connective tissue nevus and a cutaneous striated muscle hamartoma.
Pseudallescheria boydii Mycetoma in Northern New England
Authors: Stierstorfer Michael B. , Schwartz Bennett K. , Mcguire James B. , Miller A. Christine
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by tumefaction, draining sinuses, and grains. It is most common in the tropics but occasionally occurs in the United States. We report a case of a mycetoma affecting the foot of a 38–year‐old mentally retarded man from northern New England. The causal organism was identified as Pseudallescheria boydii, the most common cause of mycetoma in the United States. The patient showed a partial response to 8 months of ketoconazole therapy.
Tinea Capitis in Adults
Authors: Barlow Diana , Saxe Norma
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Tinea capitis is regarded as rare in healthy adults. A study of 46 adults presenting with scalp problems with no other identifiable cause and 26 asymptomatic adult contacts of children with tinea capitis was undertaken. The confirmation of tinea capitis in 9 of 46 patients and 5 carriers among 26 adult contacts suggests that tinea capitis may affect healthy adults more often than was supposed. Further epidemiologic studies may be of interest.
Patient Questionnaires in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Dupont Charles
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: An allergy questionnaire, directed to people suffering with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma or hay fever was analysed in 81 people (44 men, 37 women), proved to be less important for patients with atopic dermatitis than for those with bronchial asthma and hay fever.
Psoriasis Treatment with RePUVA in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Darouti EL , Rubaie AL
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Twenty‐one patients with severe psoriasis involving more than 40% of the body surface were included in the first controlled study of RePUVA therapy in the United Arab Emirates. The control group was given PUVA only. In the RePUVA group, PUVA was started with the retinoids (not following the retinoids by 2 weeks as is usually done in the standard RePUVA therapy) and then was gradually increased, so it was possible to give 4J/cm2 by the beginning of the third week. Administration of PUVA in this way would save the time needed to reach an effective PUVA dose if the latter is started 2 weeks following oral retinoids.
Identification of Differentiation‐Specific Antigens in Psoriatic Versus Normal Skin Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: McCullough Jerry L. , Weinstein Gerald D. , Ross Priscllla , Barr Ronald J. , Stanbridge Eric J.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Human cell hybrids derived from fusions between carcinoma (HeLa) and normal epidermal keratinocytes can be used as immunogens to generate monoclonal antibodies against keratinocyte differentiation‐specific antigens. We examined the immunofluorescent staining patterns of these monoclonals in normal human and psoriatic (lesional and uninvolved) skin tissue sections. The immunofluorescent staining patterns indicate that the monoclonal antibodies are recognizing a number of different keratinocyte antigens, Three monoclonals (HLK7, HLK3, and HLK20) displayed different immunofluorescent reactivity in these tissues. These new monoclonal antibodies will be useful tools to study the differentiation abnormalities in psoriasis and may serve as a marker of the psoriatic diathesis.
Gingival Cysts of the Newborn
Authors: Gilhar A. , Winterstein G. , Godfried E.
Published: May 2007

A healthy infant of an Ethiopian origin presented with yellow nodules on the maxillary alveolar ridge (Fig. 1). Punch biopsy specimens obtained from the lesions on the second day of life confirmed the diagnosis of inclusion cysts (Fig. 2). Follow‐up at 2 months of age did not reveal any changes in the morphology of the lesions. Subsequently, the nodules resolved spontaneously.
Modulation of Growth of Melanoma
Authors: Pucci M. , Lotti T. , Tuci F. , Brunetti L. , Rindi L. , Fibbi G. , Pasquali F. , Chiaruci V. P.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Combined heparin‐cortisone treatment induces regression of growth in a variety of marine tumors including menaoma. We injected 92 inbred C 57 bl/6 male mice each with 5 × 105 melanoma cells (876, 876 F1, and 876 A6 lines) with different metastatic potential. Heparin (400 U/ml) and cortisone acetate (250 mg/kg SC injections) were given daily. Control experiments were performed both with the administration of no drugs and with administration of cortisone alone. Plasminogen activator activity, which is notoriously related to tumor growth, was evaluated using fibrin plate technique in TO fragments taken before and 20 days after the combined heparin‐cortisone treatment of 876 F1 and B16 A6 melanomas. The combined heparin‐cortisone treatment slowed tumor growth, but no tumour regression was observed. Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity appeared increased in all specimens after the treatment.
Contact Sensitivity to Topical Medicaments
Authors: Goh C. L , Med. M.
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT: Of patients patch tested at a contact dermatitis clinic between 1985 and 1986, 22.5% (379/1685) had medicament sensitivity. The prevalence in men was 22.8% (193/847) and in women, 22.1% (186/838) (difference not significant). The rate appears to increase with age, 17.9% (216/1205) for patients less than 40 years old and 34.0% (163/480) for patients over 39 years old (difference, p < 0.001). The differences in prevalence between Chinese (22.8%), Malay (21.3%), Indians (20.4%), and others (33.3%) were not statistically significant. Common sensitizers included neomycin (7.8%), proflavine (7.1%), clioquinol (4.3%), colophony (3.3%), and wool alcohol (2.7%). Proflavine sensitivity was significantly more common in men (9.9%) than women (4.2%) (p < 0.001). Most dermatitis occurs on the limbs (upper limbs, 44.3%; lower limbs, 43.0%). Facial dermatitis was more common in women (37.4%) than men (19.2%) (difference not significant).