bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outflows from GRB hosts are ubiquitous: Kinematics of z < 0.3 GRB-SN hosts resolved with FLAMES
Authors: Thöne C. C. , Izzo L. , Flores H. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Vergani S. D. , Agüí Fernández J. F. , Kann D. A. , Christensen L. , Covino S. , Della Valle M. , Hammer F. , Melandri A. , Puech M. , Rodrigues M. A. , Gorosabel J.
Published: September 2021

The hosts of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are predominantly starburst galaxies at subsolar metallicity. At redshifts z < 1, this implies that most of them are low-mass galaxies similar to the populations of blue compact dwarfs and dwarf irregulars. What triggers the massive star-formation needed for producing a GRB progenitor is still largely unknown, as are the resolved gas properties and kinematics of these galaxies and their formation history. Here we present a sample of six spatially resolved GRB hosts at z < 0.3 observed with 3D spectroscopy at high spectral resolution (R = 8000−13 000) using FLAMES/VLT. We analyzed the resolved gas kinematics of the full sample and the abundances in a subsample with strong enough emission lines. Only two galaxies show a regular disk-like rotation field, another two are dispersion-dominated, and the remaining ones have two narrow emission components associated with different parts of the galaxy but no regular rotation field, which might indicate a recent merger. All galaxies show evidence for broad components underlying the main emission peak with σ of 50−110 km s−1. This broad component is more metal-rich than the narrow components, it is blueshifted in most cases, and it follows a different velocity structure. We find a weak correlation between the star-formation rate and the width of the broad component, its flux compared to the narrow component, and the maximum outflow velocity of the gas, but we do not find any correlation with the star-formation density, metallicity or stellar mass. We hence associate this broad component with a metal-rich outflow from star-forming regions in the host. The GRB is not located in the brightest region of the host, but is always associated with some star-forming region showing a clear wind component. Our study shows the great potential of 3D spectroscopy to study the star-formation processes and history in galaxies hosting extreme transients, the need for high signal-to-noise, and the perils using unresolved or only partially resolved data for these kinds of studies.
Multiple photoionization for the K shell in the Fe atom
Authors: Kučas Sigitas , Kynienė Aušra , Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas
Published: September 2021

Multiple photoionization for the K shell in the Fe atom is studied for all levels of the ground configuration. The study shows that sextuple-photoionization cross sections dominate for all levels of the 3d64s2configuration. The cross sections strongly depend on the initial level for which the photoionization is investigated. The partial photoionization cross sections to the configurations of the produced ions are determined. The main sequences of the radiative and Auger cascade following the photoionization of the K shell in the Fe atom are identified. Presented ion yields for subconfigurations and levels are compared with the previous calculations for configuration averages, revealing that they strongly overestimate ion yields for the Fe7+–Fe10+ions.
Quantification of O2 formation during UV photolysis of water ice: H2O and H2O:CO2 ices
Authors: Bulak M. , Paardekooper D. M. , Fedoseev G. , Chuang K.-J. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga J. , Eistrup C. , Linnartz H.
Published: September 2021

Context. The Rosetta and Giotto missions investigated the composition of the cometary comae of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 1P/Halley, respectively. In both cases, a surprisingly large amount of molecular oxygen (O2) was detected and was well correlated with the observed abundances of H2O. Laboratory experiments simulating chemical processing for various astronomical environments already showed that formation of solid state O2 is linked to water. However, a quantitative study of O2 formation upon UV photolysis of pure H2O and H2O dominated interstellar ice analogues is still missing.

Aims. The goal of this work is to investigate whether the UV irradiation of H2O-rich ice produced at the earliest stages of star formation is efficient enough to explain the observed abundance of cometary O2.

Methods. The photochemistry of pure H216O (H218O) as well as mixed H2O:CO2 (ratio of 100:11, 100:22, 100:44) and H2O:CO2:O2 (100:22:2) ices was quantified during UV photolysis. Laser desorption post-ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (LDPI TOF MS) was used to probe molecular abundances in the ice as a function of UV fluence.

Results. Upon UV photolysis of pure amorphous H2O ice, deposited at 20 K, formation of O2 and H2O2 is observed at abundances of, respectively, (0.9 ± 0.2)% (O2/H2O) and (1.3 ± 0.3)% (H2O2/H2O). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative characterisation of the kinetics of this process. During the UV photolysis of mixed H2O:CO2 ices, the formation of the relative amount of O2 compared to H2O increases to a level of (1.6 ± 0.4)% (for H2O:CO2 ratio of 100:22), while the (H2O2/H2O) yield remains similar to experiments with pure water. In an ice enriched with O2 (2%), the O2 level increases up to 7% with regard to H2O, at low UV fluence, which is higher than expected on the basis of the enrichment alone. The resulting O2/H2O values derived for the H2O and H2O:CO2 ices may account for a (substantial) part of the high oxygen amounts found in the comae of 67P and 1P.
Short-term variations of surface magnetism and prominences of the young Sun-like star V530 Per
Authors: Cang T.-Q. , Petit P. , Donati J.-F. , Folsom C. P.
Published: September 2021

Aims. We investigate magnetic tracers in the photosphere and the chromosphere of the ultra-rapid rotator (P ~ 0.32 d) V530 Per, a cool member of the open cluster α Persei, to characterize the short-term variability of the magnetic activity and large-scale magnetic field of this prototypical young, rapidly rotating solar-like star.

Methods. With time-resolved spectropolarimetric observations spread over four close-by nights, we reconstructed the brightness distribution and large-scale magnetic field geometry of V530 Per through Zeeman-Doppler imaging. Simultaneously, we estimated the short-term variability of the surface through latitudinal differential rotation. Using the same data set, we also mapped the spatial distribution of prominences through tomography of Hα emission.

Results. As in our previous study, a large dark spot occupies the polar region of V530 Per with smaller, dark, and bright spots at lower latitudes. The large-scale magnetic field is dominated by a toroidal, mostly axisymmetric component. The maximal radial field strength is equal to ~1 kG. The surface differential rotation is consistent with a smooth Sun-like shear dΩ = 0.053 ± 0.004 rad d−1, close to the solar shear level. The prominence pattern displays a stable component that is confined close to the corotation radius. We also observe rapidly evolving Hα emitting structures, over timescales ranging from minutes to days. The fast Hα evolution was not linked to any detected photospheric changes in the spot or magnetic coverage.
Specification of the system application for the different tariffs during the consumption time of electricity by industrial enterprises
Authors: Muratov Khakim , Kodirov Kamoliddin , Kushev Alijon
Published: September 2021

This article is devoted to such issues as smoothing the schedule of loads of manufacturing factories in the “intensive” periods due to the correct use of the system of tariffs, which is stratified by time. It is possible to achieve smoothing of the load schedule of the energy system through the correct use of the time-stratified tariff system by taking into account the above-mentioned issue. Proper use of the time-stratified tariff system by consumers will reduce the load period of the energy system and change its modes.
Changes of chemical reactions in soil during electric processing by means of UV-radiation
Authors: Anarbaev Anvar , Tursunov Obid , Kodirov Dilshod , Sharipov Zayniddin , Mukhtarov Farrukh
Published: September 2021

The technology of electro-processing by UV-radiation soil of agricultural plants is considered. The mechanism of the effect of UV irradiation to change by redox reactions a chemical potential of the soil is shown. As the result of experimental researches, optimum parameters for processing soils with ultraviolet radiation lamps for increasing the absorption of the most mobile manganese forms in plants are defined.
Dynamic analysis of cable stayed bridge with various patterns of pylon
Authors: Kallingal Sreerag S , Singh Priyanka
Published: September 2021

The construction of cable stayed bridge increase day by day. The reason behind this is because of the aesthetic beauty and the uniqueness in the structure. This work deals with the study of dynamic analysis of cable stayed bridge with different pylon arrangements. The cable transmits the reaction forces of deck to pylon. Pylon transmits the load of cable to foundation. The pylons ‘H’ shape, ‘Inverted Y’ shape, ‘Diamond’ shape & ‘Needle’ shape arrangement were considered. The MIDAS CIVIL software is used to model and analysis of the cable stayed bridge with various pylon arrangements. The materials and section properties of all four bridges are kept same and the moving load is provided as per IRC:6-2000 loading. In the part of seismic analysis, the time history analysis done and took data of 1940 El Centro earthquake so the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of four bridges investigated. A variety of parameter like, axial forces, displacement and bending moment are analysed. From the result, when complexity increases the behaviour of structure changes. Eventually, the results are compared and concluded that which pattern of pylon shows higher and least performance.
Simulation of the misalignment process of an overhead crane in Matlab / Simulink
Authors: Komarov Alexandr , Grachev Alexey , Gabriel Anton , Mokhova Natalya
Published: September 2021

The object of the study is the angle of deviation of the crane from the perpendicular to the rails in a horizontal plane. The aim of the work is the mathematical description of the crane’s bridge beam misalignment, creation of the model in Matlab Simulink. Based on the resulting model, there was implemented a control system that compensates for emerging misalignment by speeding up or slowing down crane drives.
Synthesis of a ten-link tooth-lever differential roller transmission mechanism
Authors: Abdukarimov Abdusalam , Madaminov Sanjarbek , Abdullajonov Asrorbek
Published: September 2021

This article deals with the synthesis of a ten-link tooth-lever differential transmission mechanism. The article contains an analytical review of modern scientific research on the synthesis of tooth-lever differential transmission mechanisms of roller machines with a variable center distance of the working shafts; a method for the synthesis of toothlever differential transmission mechanisms of roller machines with a variable center distance of the working shafts described on the example of a ten-link tooth-lever differential transmission mechanism; the conditions for the synthesis of the mechanism given and substantiated when this mechanism is used in a roller machine; one of its working shafts has the ability to rotate about its own axis, and the second working shaft, in addition to rotation about its own axis, has the ability to move relative to the first working shaft along a line passing through the center the axes of rotation of both working shafts; the geometric synthesis of the tooth and lever contours of the mechanism, the dynamic synthesis of the mechanism, taking into account the angles of pressure between the lever link of the lever contour of the mechanism, which allows us to determine the optimal working position of the mechanism where the angles of pressure are within acceptable limits; the graphs of changes in the angles of pressure between the links of the lever contour of the mechanism, plotted depending on its position.
Improving fiber quality by reducing seed damage in the gin machine
Authors: Mukhametshina Elmira , Muradov Rustam , Abbazov Ilkhom , Usmankulov Alisher
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the prevention of seed damage in a gin machine and conducts research on what parameters of the gin machine affect seed damage. Based on the analysis of scientific research in this area, it was established and studied that the density of the raw material roller and its rotation speed, as well as the release of fibers from the working chamber are factors influencing seed damage. Scientific research on the density of raw materials and the acceleration of turnover have been analyzed. Based on the analysis, the acceleration of the rotation of the raw material roller is based on obtaining optimal results, which is carried out using a rotating disk with piles on the side of the working chamber. It is also scientifically proven that the surface of the gutter must be grooved in order to timely remove the seeds separated from the fiber from the working chamber of the gin. Practical studies have shown that as a result of turning the side of the working chamber of the gin machine, the short fiber index in the fiber content decreased by 1.5%, Str-specific tensile strength 0.4 qs / tex and Ehgelongation elongation improved by 0.2%.
Study on the development of the desert pasture agrophytocenoses using a wide range of forage plants
Authors: Novitskiy Zinoviy , Hamzayev Abdushukur , Bakirov Nizomiddin , Karimkulov Abdulla
Published: September 2021

The drained bottom of the Aral Sea covers an area of about 6 million hectares, of which 3.2 million hectares are located on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition to the fact that salt is spread from the drained bottom, dust and sand causing enormous damage to the environment, on the drained bottom there is a forest suitable area of 1.5 million hectares where it is possible to create desert shrub agrophytocenoses. The purpose of the work was to develop the most effective methods for creating desert agrophytocenoses on forest suitable types of bottom sediments of the dried bottom of the Aral Sea and the selection of desert forage plants to increase the productivity of the created pastures. Studies shown that when using focal, pasture protection and reclamation-fodder methods, as well as such fodder plants as teresken, boialich, keyreuk, it is possible to create pastures with a fodder capacity of up to 500 fodder units per hectare. This will increase the number of grazed animals by 20-30%. The field of application of the results arising from this work are forest suitable types of bottom sediments of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea. The drained bottom of the Aral Sea is a reserve of a forage base for animals in the near future, which will give a new impetus to the development of animal husbandry in the Aral Sea region, and at the same time, fodder plants, fixing the soil of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea, will significantly improve the ecological situation in the Region.
Study of technological parameters and material consumption of two-layer knitted fabric
Authors: Allaniyazov Gulom , Kholikov Kurbonali , Gulyaeva Gulfiya , Musaev Nuriddin , Mukimov Mirabzal
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of a study of technological parameters and material consumption of new structures of two-layer knitted fabric. To study the technological parameters of new variants of two-layer knitted fabric on a Long Xing 252 SC flat-fanged machine, five variants of two-layer knitted fabric were developed, which differed from each other in the weave structure.
Studying the effect of drying technology on silk cocoon shell and chrysalis features
Authors: Gulamov Azamat , Avazov Komil , Abrayqulov Bekzod
Published: September 2021

This article proposes the influence of the cocoon drying technology on the properties of the shell and pupa of the silkworm. We also analyzed the change in the initial weight of the cocoons treated at different temperatures, the microscopic view of the cocoon shells. Cocoons grown at different times of the year were taken as the object of the study. As a result of the treatment of the cocoon pupa with an infrared ray, hot air and chemical methods, the yield, color properties and solubility of the cocoon shell were compared and analyzed.
K Absorption Edge Magnetic Circular-X-Ray Dichroism of Fe-Ni Alloys
Authors: Gofron K.J. , Kimball C.W. , Lee P.L. , Jennings G. , Montano P.A.
Published: September 2021

We report Magnetic Circular X-ray Dichroism (MCXD) measurements in Fe-Ni alloys. We used an energy dispersive beamline in our measurements. A polychromator spectrum contains self reference both in intensity and energy since all energies are measured at the same time and remain stable during an energy scan since no movement of the X-ray optics is necessary. We measured the K absorption edges in Fe and Ni (s - p electronic states) in the à ferromagnetic alloys of Fe-Ni. We observe that the signal at the invar composition is of comparable strengh as other compositions in contrast to previous studies. We used cold rolled (disordered) foils instead of powders. The measurements reveal changes of the MCXD signal with composition and crystal structure.
La co-ingénierie de la participation : une expérience citoyenne sur la rivière Drôme
Authors: Hassenforder Émeline , Girard Sabine , Ferrand Nils , Petitjean Claire , Fermond Chrystel
Published: September 2021

Cet article détaille un processus participatif mis en place sur le bassin versant de la Drôme pour préparer, avec les citoyens, la révision du Schéma d’Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux. Spécifiquement, des citoyens ont été associés précocement pour choisir et organiser leur propre processus participatif. Cette co-ingénierie les a sensibilisés à l’importance de ces décisions, a initié des apprentissages sociaux et posé les conditions d’une régulation efficiente. Elle a clarifié les liens entre la participation et la gouvernance institutionnelle. Mais l’exercice apparaît abstrait aux participants. Il requiert des règles de participation claires et une initiation aux enjeux et au vocabulaire de la participation. En conclusion, nous suggérons des adaptations de la co-ingénierie de la participation en fonction des attentes et moyens disponibles.
A matheuristic approach for the maximum balanced subgraph of a signed graph
Authors: Moreno Ramírez Jorge Reynaldo , de Menezes Frota Yuri Abitbol , de Lima Martins Simone
Published: September 2021

A graph G = (V, E) with its edges labeled in the set {+,-} is called a signed graph. It is balanced if its set of vertices V can be partitioned into two sets V1 and V2, such that all positive edges connect nodes within V1 or V2, and all negative edges connect nodes between V1 and V2. The maximum balanced subgraph problem (MBSP) for a signed graph is the problem of finding a balanced subgraph with the maximum number of vertices. In this work, we present the first polynomial integer linear programming formulation for this problem and a matheuristic to obtain good quality solutions in a short time. The results obtained for different sets of instances show the effectiveness of the matheuristic, optimally solving several instances and finding better results than the exact method in a much shorter computational time.
Experimental investigations and finite element analysis of milling of Inconel 718 alloy
Authors: Kuriakose Akhil C. , Balakrishnan Raman , Vardhan Harsh , Vijay Sekar Krishnaraju Srinivasaraju
Published: September 2021

Super-alloys encompass great challenges in machinability. One such alloy of much interest in applications is Inconel 718. Its increased hardness, low thermal diffusivity and high temperature strength make it desirable for applications, at the same time rendering its machining a demanding task. Extensive studies have been performed on machinability of Inconel 718, from the turning process stand-point. However, there is found to be a comparative dearth of work on the milling process. Taking into account the versatility of end-milling within the family of milling processes and the research gap, we found that a parametric optimization (aimed at minimum machining forces) of end-milling would be a meaningful effort. An experiment was conducted to study conditions that would help us achieve the same. In our further quest for optimization, chip morphology studies using SEM occupied a special place. Bearing in mind immense prediction capabilities of computer simulations based on FEA available today, we attempted process replication of the experimental work. The significant cutting forces were chosen as the benchmark factor for this purpose and proper attention was given to validation of the FEM created. Such FEM holds promise of being resourceful to drive up efficiency, with consequent spill-over to the production line.
Colonic Stenting Using Side-Viewing Endoscope: A Case Report
Authors: Dalal Ashok , Kumar Ajay , Arivarasan K , Dahale Amol , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Sonika Ujjwal , Pawar Ankush
Published: September 2021

Colonic self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are widely used as palliation for malignant obstruction. The conventional method involves using a forward-viewing endoscope as part of the procedure. Sometimes, however, the sharp angle of the stricture poses difficulty in evaluating the stricture, so a guidewire is placed across the stricture. Here, we present a case where a side-viewing endoscope was employed for colonic stent placement and propose its use in patients with sharp bends to increase success.
Vestibular System Eletrophysiology: An Analysis of the Relationship between Hearing and Movement
Authors: Oliveira Aline Cabral de , Souza Luana Soares Honorato de , Daniel Carlos Raphael Araújo , Oliveira Priscila Feliciano de , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo
Published: September 2021

Introduction Knowledge about the positive effects that music and dance bring, in its various forms, to the healthy human brain, is important not only in the context of basic neuroscience but may also strongly affect practices in neurorehabilitation.

Objective To verify the relationship between hearing and movement and, specifically, to analyze the interference of professional dance practice and formal musical training in the magnitude of the vestibule-cervical and vestibular reflexes.

Method The sample consisted of 92 subjects, aged between 18 and 35 years old, 31 professional musicians, 31 ballet dancers, and 30 control subjects. Only subjects with normal hearing sensitivity were included. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) was recorded in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) was recorded in the lower oblique muscle of the eye, using tone-bursts (500Hz). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskall-Wallis tests were performed.

Results The cVEMP presented earlier and higher amplitude waves when recorded in the group of dancers, with a significant difference between all tested groups for latency and amplitude of the N23 wave; the comparison was restricted between dancers and control groups, with no difference between ballet dancers and musicians. The N1 wave of the oVEMP presented lower latencies in dancers than in musicians and controls (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found between the groups for the P1 wave.

Conclusion Greater magnitudes of vestibule-cervical reflex responses and faster vestibule-ocular reflex responses were observed in dancers. Dance practice provides greater development of the vestibular system, but musical training also contributes to the magnitude of these responses.
3D MRI in Musculoskeletal Oncology
Authors: Jones Blake C. , Ahlawat Shivani , Fayad Laura M.
Published: September 2021

Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology now enable the feasible three-dimensional (3D) acquisition of images. With respect to the imaging of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors, literature is beginning to accumulate on the use of 3D MRI acquisition for tumor detection and characterization. The benefits of 3D MRI, including general advantages, such as decreased acquisition time, isotropic resolution, and increased image quality, are not only inherently useful for tumor imaging, but they also contribute to the feasibility of more specialized tumor-imaging techniques, such as whole-body MRI, and are reviewed here. Disadvantages of 3D acquisition, such as motion artifact and equipment requirements, do exist and are also discussed. Although further study is needed, 3D MRI acquisition will likely prove increasingly useful in the evaluation of patients with tumors of the MSK system.
3D MRI of the Knee
Authors: Altahawi Faysal , Pierce Jason , Aslan Mercan , Li Xiaojuan , Winalski Carl S. , Subhas Naveen
Published: September 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is widely used in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Currently, 3D sequences are most commonly used for morphological imaging. Isotropic 3D MRI provides higher out-of-plane resolution than standard two-dimensional (2D) MRI, leading to reduced partial volume averaging artifacts and allowing for multiplanar reconstructions in any plane with any thickness from a single high-resolution isotropic acquisition. Specifically, isotropic 3D fast spin-echo imaging, with options for tissue weighting similar to those used in multiplanar 2D FSE imaging, is of particular interest to MSK radiologists. New applications for 3D spatially encoded sequences are also increasingly available for clinical use. These applications offer advantages over standard 2D techniques for metal artifact reduction, quantitative cartilage imaging, nerve imaging, and bone shape analysis. Emerging fast imaging techniques can be used to overcome the long acquisition times that have limited the adoption of 3D imaging in clinical protocols.
3D MR Neurography
Authors: Khalilzadeh Omid , Fayad Laura M. , Ahlawat Shivani
Published: September 2021

High-resolution isotropic volumetric three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) techniques enable multiplanar depiction of peripheral nerves. In addition, 3D MRN provides anatomical and functional tissue characterization of different disease conditions affecting the peripheral nerves. In this review article, we summarize clinically relevant technical considerations of 3D MRN image acquisition and review clinical applications of 3D MRN to assess peripheral nerve diseases, such as entrapments, trauma, inflammatory or infectious neuropathies, and neoplasms.
3D MRI Models of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Samim Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Computed tomography (CT) is most commonly used to produce three-dimensional (3D) models for evaluating bone and joint morphology in clinical practice. However, 3D models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be equally effective for comprehensive and accurate assessment of osseous and soft tissue structure morphology and pathology. The quality of 3D MRI models has steadily increased over time, with growing potential to replace 3D CT models in various musculoskeletal (MSK) applications. In practice, a single MRI examination for two-dimensional and 3D assessments can increase the value of MRI and simplify the pre- and postoperative imaging work-up. Multiple studies have shown excellent performance of 3D MRI models in shoulder injuries, in the hip in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement, and in the knee for the creation of bone surface models. Therefore, the utility of 3D MRI postprocessed models is expected to continue to rise and broaden in applications. Computer-based and artificial intelligence–assisted postprocessing techniques have tremendous potential to improve the efficiency of 3D model creation, opening many research avenues to validate the applicability of 3D MRI and establish 3D-specific quantitative assessment criteria. We provide a practice-focused overview of 3D MRI acquisition strategies, postprocessing techniques for 3D model creation, MSK applications of 3D MRI models, and an illustration of cases from our daily clinical practice.
Successful Ovarian Vein Embolization of a Multiparous Woman with Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Authors: Setiani Rissa U. , Batubara Edwin A. D. , Adiarto Suko , Siddiq Taofan , Indriani Suci , Siahaan Irwan H.
Published: September 2021

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a clinical syndrome supported by specific findings, such as ovarian vein's dilatation, that cause pelvic vein congestion. Although many theories are explaining the pathophysiologies of this condition, the underlying cause remains unknown. The clinical manifestations of PCS are various including chronic pelvic pain (CPP), voiding disturbances, or ureteral obstruction. Imaging modality, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and venography, are needed to confirm and exclude the differential diagnosis. Currently, American venous forum guidelines recommended endovascular therapy which is percutaneous embolization as the first option therapy of PCS. Here, we reported a 35-year-old woman with PCS who underwent successful percutaneous embolization therapy.
Development of a 3D Printed Lung Model Made of Synthetic Materials for Simulation
Authors: Liu Ganwei , Bian Wenjie , Zu Guili , Liu Jing , Zhang Guoxin , Li Changji , Jiang Guanchao
Published: September 2021

Background Considering the complexity of lung structures and the difficulty of thoracoscopic surgery, simulation-based training is of paramount importance for junior surgeons. Here, we aim to design a high-fidelity lung model through utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology combined with synthetic materials to mimic the real human lung.

Methods The 3D printed lung model was manufactured based on the computed tomography images of a randomly selected male patient. Synthetic materials were used for the construction of lung parenchyma, blood vessels, and bronchi. Then, the model was assessed in terms of its visual, tactile, and operational features by participants (the senior surgeons, junior surgeons, and medical students), who were asked to complete the specially designed survey-questionnaires.

Results A 3D printed model of the right lung made of synthetic materials was successfully fabricated. Thirty subjects participated in our study (10 senior surgeons, 10 junior surgeons, and 10 medical students). The average visual evaluation scores for senior surgeons, junior surgeons, and medical students were 3.97 ± 0.61, 4.56 ± 0.58, 4.76 ± 0.49, respectively. The average tactile evaluation scores were 3.40 ± 0.50, 4.13 ± 0.68, 4.00 ± 0.64, respectively. The average operation evaluation scores were 3.33 ± 0.83, 3.93 ± 0.66, 4.03 ± 0.66, respectively. Signiﬁcant lower scores were obtained in the group of the senior surgeons compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion A high level of fidelity was exhibited in our 3D printed lung model and it could be applied as a promising simulator for the surgical training in the future.
COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Implication on Platelets and Blood Indices
Authors: Nori Wassan , Hameed Ban Hadi , Thamir Asmaa Rajih , Fadhil Amenah
Published: September 2021

Objective To describe the hematological changes, the platelet indices in particular, in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to healthy pregnant women.

Methods A retrospective case-control study conducted at the Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, in Baghdad, Iraq, involving 100 pregnant women, 50 with positive viral DNA for COVID-19 (case group), and 50 with negative results (control group); both groups were subjected to a thorough hematological evaluation.

Results Among the main hematological variables analyzed, the platelet indices, namely the mean platelet volume (MPV) and the platelet distribution width (PDW), showed statistically significant differences (MPV: 10.87 ± 66.92 fL for the case group versus 9.84 ± 1.2 fL for the control group; PDW: 14.82 ± 3.18 fL for the case group versus 13.3 ± 2.16 fL for the controls). The criterion value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for PDW at a cutoff point of > 11.8 fL showed a weak diagnostic marker, while the MPV at a cutoff value of > 10.17 fL showed a good diagnostic marker.

Conclusion The MPV and PDW are significantly affected by the this viral infection, even in asymptomatic confirmed cases, and we recommend that both parameters be included in the diagnostic panel of this infection.
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Screening Syndrome Profile in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer from Paraná State Southwest
Authors: Moura Juliana Batista de , Ghedin Carla Camila , Takakura Érika Tomie , Scandolara Thalita Basso , Rech Daniel , Panis Carolina
Published: September 2021

Objective This study evaluated the risk of the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome in patients with breast cancer by using the Family History Screening 7 (FHS-7) tool, a validated low-cost questionnaire with high sensitivity able to screen the HBOC risk in the population.

Methods Women diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 101) assisted by the Unified Health System at the 8th Regional Health Municipal Office of the state of Paraná answered the FHS-7, and the results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results The risk of HBOC was 19.80% (n = 20). Patients at risk exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics, such as high-grade tumors (30%), presence of angiolymphatic emboli (35%), and premenopausal at diagnosis (50%). Significant associations between the prevalence of high-grade tumors were observed in women younger than 50 years at diagnosis with HBOC (p = 0.003).

Conclusion Our findings suggest a possible family inheritance associated with worse clinical features in women with breast cancer in this population, indicating that HBOC investigation can be initially performed with low-cost instruments such as FHS-7.
Impact of Plasmatic Progesterone on the Day of Frozen Embryo Transfer in Hormone-induced Cycles
Authors: Metello José , Tomás Claudia , Ferreira Pedro , Bravo Iris , Branquinho MaryJo , Santos-Ribeiro Samuel
Published: September 2021

Objective To establish a relationship between serum progesterone values on the day of frozen blastocyst transfer in hormone-replaced cycles with the probability of pregnancy, miscarriage or delivery.

Methods This was an ambispective observational study including all frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles performed at our department following in vitro fecundation from May 2018 to June 2019. The outcomes evaluated were β human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)-positive pregnancy and delivery. Groups were compared according to the level of serum progesterone on the day of embryo transfer: the 1st quartile of progesterone was compared against the other quartiles and then the 2nd and 3rd quartiles against the 4th quartile.

Results A total of 140 transfers were included in the analysis: 87 with β-HCG > 10 IU/L (62%), of which 50 (36%) delivered and 37 had a miscarriage (42%). Women with lower progesterone levels (< 10.7ng/mL) had a trend toward higher β-HCG-positive (72 versus 59%; p > 0.05), lower delivery (26 versus 39%; p > 0.05) and higher miscarriage rates (64 versus 33%; p < 0.01). Comparing the middle quartiles (P25–50) with those above percentiles 75, the rate of pregnancy was similar (60 versus 57%; p > 0.05), although there was a trend toward a higher number of deliveries (43 versus 31%; p > 0.05) and a lower number of miscarriages (28 versus 45%; p > 0.05). These differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion There were no differences in pregnancy and delivery rates related with the progesterone level when measured in the transfer day. The miscarriage rate was higher in the 1st quartile group.
Training Preceptors of Obstetrics-Gynecology Residents through the One-minute Preceptor Model
Authors: Machado Michelle Araújo , Medeiros Elaine Lira
Published: September 2021

Objective To analyze the effect of the One-minute Preceptor model for preceptors who work at the emergency department of a maternity teaching hospital.

Methods  A quantitative intervention study conducted with Obstetrics and Gynecology residency preceptors at a maternity teaching hospital in northeastern Brazil. Three stages were performed: 1) a preintervention survey with the residents; 2) planning and execution of a pedagogical training course for the preceptors, which involved a lecture and a dramatization about the One-Minute Preceptor model; and 3) thirty days after the intervention, the residents answered another survey about the model and its repercussions and advantages.

Results The preintervention assessment with the residents showed that 91.7% agreed that there were discrepancies regarding the teaching model among the preceptors. After the training, all preceptors agreed that the model engages the student in the decision-making process, and that they would apply it to their routine. The postintervention results showed that 95.8% agreed that the model is more inviting than traditional teaching approaches. There was a perception of improvement in learning among 70.9% of the residents. In addition, the present study found a significant change in feedback before and after implementing the model, from 20.8% to 66.7%.

Conclusion The training course of preceptors in the One-Minute Preceptor model proved to be efficient in providing formative feedback to residents in the emergency department of a maternity school. Further studies are needed to assess the consolidation of the methodology in the long term.
Effect of Stem Positioning on Biomechanical Performance of a Novel Cementless Short-Stem Canine Total Hip Implant
Authors: Worden Natalie Jean , Ash Kristian J. , Ordway Nathaniel R. , Miller Mark , Mann Kenneth A. , VanDeventer Gretchen M. , Valenzano Dominick M. , Kayano Mitsunori , Tomihari Mizuki , Hayashi Kei
Published: September 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stem positioning on the biomechanical performance of a novel, collared, short-stem total hip implant under compression and torsion ex vivo.

Study Design Six canine cadaveric femurs were implanted with a collared short-stem femoral implant. Canal flare index (CFI), stem angle, absolute and relative cut heights and relative size were measured radiographically and used as independent variables. Biomechanical performance of the construct was evaluated using physiologic loading (loading) and supraphysiologic loading (failure) protocols.

Results During loading protocols, compressive stiffness was influenced by absolute cut height (p = 0.018). During failure protocols, peak torque was influenced by CFI (p = 0.004) and craniocaudal relative size (p = 0.005). Peak load and torsional stiffness were not impacted by any of the radiographic variables (p > 0.05). Three of six femurs developed longitudinal fractures originating at the medial calcar at the time of failure.

Conclusion The biomechanical performance of the collared short-stem implant was positively impacted by preserving more of the femoral neck, having a higher CFI and using a smaller implant size relative to the femoral neck isthmus.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Unraveling the Stealth Entity
Authors: Shah Omair , Choh Naseer , Shera Tahleel , Shera Faiz , Gojwari Tariq , Shaheen Feroze , Robbani Irfan
Published: September 2021

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease involving many organs. Cardiac involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis is based on endomyocardial biopsy which however is invasive and associated with complications. Noninvasive methods of diagnosis include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with various methods and sequences involved. Our study aims at describing MRI features of cardiac amyloidosis including new imaging sequences and to prognosticate the patients based on imaging features. We included 35 patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis who underwent MRI at our center over 4 years. All images were retrieved from our archive and assessed by an experienced radiologist. Common morphological features in our patients included increased wall thickness of left ventricle (LV) (16. 1 ± 4.1 mm), right ventricle (RV) (6.3 ± 1.1 mm), and interatrial septum (6.2 ± 0.8 mm). Global late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (n = 21 [65%]) including subendocardial or transmural was the most common pattern followed by patchy enhancement. Global transmural LGE was associated with worse prognosis. Four types of myocardial nulling patterns were observed on postcontrast time to invert (TI) scout imaging: normal nulling pattern (myocardium nulls after blood and coincident with spleen) and abnormal nulling pattern (ANP) which is further divided into three types: Type 1—myocardium nulls before blood pool but coincident with spleen, Type 2—myocardium nulling coincident with blood but not coincident with spleen, and Type 3—features of both Type 1 and Type 2. Type 3 ANP was the most common (n = 23) nulling pattern in our patients. Cardiac MRI is an essential in noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Transmural global LGE serves as a poor prognosticator in these patients. “Three-tier” TI scout imaging is essential to avoid false-negative enhancement results. Type 3 ANP is the most specific nulling pattern in cardiac amyloidosis.
Trends in Subjective Income Poverty Rates in the European Union
Authors: Želinský Tomáš , Mysíková Martina , Garner Thesia I.
Published: September 2021

When developing anti-poverty policies, policymakers need accurate data on the prevalence of poverty. In this paper, we focus on subjective poverty, a concept which has been largely neglected in the literature, though it remains a conceptually appealing way to define poverty. The primary goal of this study is to re-examine the concept of subjective poverty measurement and to estimate trends in subjective income poverty rates in the European Union. Our estimations are based on a Minimum Income Question using data from a representative survey, EU-SILC. We find robust empirical evidence of decreasing trends in subjective poverty in 16 of 28 EU countries. We conjecture that trends in subjective poverty may reflect changes in societies which are not captured by official poverty indicators, and our results thus enrich the existing data on general poverty trends in the EU.
The value of research funding for knowledge creation and dissemination: A study of SNSF Research Grants
Authors: Heyard Rachel , Hottenrott Hanna
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effect of competitive project funding on researchers’ publication outputs. Using detailed information on applicants at the Swiss National Science Foundation and their proposal evaluations, we employ a case-control design that accounts for individual heterogeneity of researchers and selection into treatment (e.g. funding). We estimate the impact of the grant award on a set of output indicators measuring the creation of new research results (the number of peer-reviewed articles), its relevance (number of citations and relative citation ratios), as well as its accessibility and dissemination as measured by the publication of preprints and by altmetrics. The results show that the funding program facilitates the publication and dissemination of additional research amounting to about one additional article in each of the three years following the funding. The higher citation metrics and altmetrics by funded researchers suggest that impact goes beyond quantity and that funding fosters dissemination and quality.
Non-relativistic limits and stability of composite wave patterns to the relativistic Euler equations
Authors: Ding Min , He Lang
Published: September 2021

We are concerned with the structural stability of composite wave patterns to the Cauchy problem for the relativistic full Euler equations consisting of a large 1-shock, a large 2-contact discontinuity, and a large 3-shock. When the initial data are bounded but possibly large total variations, approximate solutions have been constructed via the wave front tracking scheme, a weighted Glimm functional has been introduced and its monotonicity has been proved on the basis of the local wave interaction estimates, and then the global stability of these wave patterns has been established. Moreover, the non-relativistic limits of such solutions can be obtained as the light speed c → +∞.
Unconsciousness reconfigures modular brain network dynamics
Authors: del Pozo Sofía Morena , Laufs Helmut , Bonhomme Vincent , Laureys Steven , Balenzuela Pablo , Tagliazucchi Enzo
Published: September 2021

The dynamic core hypothesis posits that consciousness is correlated with simultaneously integrated and differentiated assemblies of transiently synchronized brain regions. We represented time-dependent functional interactions using dynamic brain networks and assessed the integrity of the dynamic core by means of the size and flexibility of the largest multilayer module. As a first step, we constrained parameter selection using a newly developed benchmark for module detection in heterogeneous temporal networks. Next, we applied a multilayer modularity maximization algorithm to dynamic brain networks computed from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired during deep sleep and under propofol anesthesia. We found that unconsciousness reconfigured network flexibility and reduced the size of the largest spatiotemporal module, which we identified with the dynamic core. Our results represent a first characterization of modular brain network dynamics during states of unconsciousness measured with fMRI, adding support to the dynamic core hypothesis of human consciousness.
Advanced analysis of laser-driven pulsed magnetic diffusion based on quantum molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Morita Hiroki , Ogitsu Tadashi , Graziani Frank R. , Fujioka Shinsuke
Published: September 2021

Magnetic diffusion plays an important role in inertial confinement fusion with strong magnetic fields. In this paper, we improve a previous analysis of the generation and diffusion of the magnetic field [Morita et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 094505 (2018)]. For the generation process, we calculate the temporal evolution of the coil current using a self-consistent circuit model. The results show that the peak of the calculated magnetic field is delayed by 1.2 ns compared with that of the incident laser pulse. For the diffusion process, we evaluate the electrical conductivity of warm dense gold over a wide temperature range (300 K–100 eV) by combining the Kubo–Greenwood formula based on a quantum molecular dynamics simulation with the modified Spitzer model. Our simulation shows that the maximum magnetic field (530 T) that penetrates the cone is delayed by 2.5 ns compared with the laser peak. This result is consistent with experiments [Sakata et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 3937 (2018)] that showed that applying a strong magnetic field improved the heating efficiency of fusion fuel.
Real-time state estimation of low-frequency plasma oscillations in Hall effect thrusters
Authors: Greve Christine M. , Majji Manoranjan , Hara Kentaro
Published: September 2021

An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed to estimate unobserved states and parameters in plasma dynamical systems. Physical constraints are satisfied by adapting the process and measurement noise covariances to account for consistency between the estimates and the physical processes. First, the EKF is tested using the Lorenz system to demonstrate the robustness of the EKF with sparse measurement data. Then, the capabilities of the EKF are applied to investigate discharge current oscillations in a Hall effect thruster. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of the electron temperature can be estimated using the discharge current fluctuation as the measurement data. The propagation of the uncertainties of such estimates is also quantified.