bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of αA-crystallin and lnc-TMPRSS15 when human lens epithelial cells exposed to dexamethosone
Authors: wang lin , wang yuqing , zhao wencheng , liu ping
Published: February 2022

Objective: To identify the protective and anti-apoptotic role of alpha-crystallin related lncRNAs.Methods: We established stable overexpression of αA- and αB-crystallin in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). All cells were treated with 0.1 μmol, 1 μmol, 10 μmol and 100 μmol Dex for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h then we detected nine related apoptotic proteins and closely related lncRNAs . Results: Based on western blot results, we determined the most significant exposure factors and cell types and performed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA chip scanning using microchip assay. The results of microchip assay were also verified by real-time PCR. We found that αA- and αB-crystallin had a close relationship with the expression of three anti-apoptotic proteins heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), survivin and P53. However, no significant changes in the expression of cytochrome C, Samc, P65, and Fas were found in HLECs (αA-crystallin overexpressed) and in HLECs (αB-crystallin overexpressed). Following lncRNA and mRNA chip scanning and depth analysis, we found that overexpressed αA-crystallin could increase the expression of lnc-TMPRSS15, TMPRSS15 and related CDH12 and could decrease the expression of HSD11B1, lnc-RNF13-2 and lnc-CDH2-1 which may result in the significantly high expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as HSP60, survivin and P53. Conclusion: Our results showed that αA-crystallin promoted the expression of some anti-apoptotic proteins. Lnc-TMPRSS15 played a very important role which provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced cataract.
Study of the flavonoids of Anemone obtusiloba in the alpine meadow and the adaptation mechanism to the environment based on metabolic pathways
Authors: Wanling Lv , Zuojun Liu
Published: February 2022

In this study, the main pigment composition of Anemone obtusiloba was analysed by UV-vis spectrophotometry, HPLC, and LC-MS. The results showed that there were two kinds of pigmentsin A. obtusiloba, carotenoids, and flavonoids The absorbance spectra regularly changed with the depth of flower colour. Based on HPLC and LC-MS analyses, seven kinds of flavonoids were inferred, including luteolin-3-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, and myricetin-3-O-rhamnose, and the derivative of quercetin was identified as the main component in A. obtusiloba. Besides, according to the analysis of the flavonoid metabolism pathway, it could be determined that flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3′H) was the key enzyme to increase the content of quercetin. This paper speculates that A. obtusiloba increases the content of quercetin by regulating flavonoid F3′H, so that it can deepen the flower colour to adapt to the environment.
Non-invasive ventilation for preoxygenation before general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Chiang Tsai-Lien , Tam Ka-Wai , Chen Jui-Tai , Wong Chung-Shun , Yeh Chun-Ting , Huang Ting-Yun , Ong Jiann-Ruey
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives:

Preoxygenation is crucial for providing sufficient oxygen reservoir to a patient before intubation and enables the extension of the period between breathing termination and critical desaturation (safe apnoea time). Conventionally, face mask ventilation is used for preoxygenation. Non-invasive ventilation is a new preoxygenation method. The study objective was to compare the outcomes of non-invasive ventilation and face mask ventilation for preoxygenation.
Method:

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry were searched for eligible studies published from database inception to September 2021. Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models to calculate the pooled effect size. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials of comparing the outcomes of non-invasive ventilation or face mask ventilation for preoxygenation in patients scheduled for surgeries. The primary outcome was safe apnea time, and the secondary outcomes were post-operative complications, number of patients who achieved the expired O2 fraction (FeO2) after 3 minutes of preoxygenation, minimal SpO2 during tracheal intubation, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) after preoxygenation, and PaO2 and PaCO2 after tracheal intubation.
Results:

13 trials were eligible for inclusion in this study. Significant differences were observed in safe apnoea time, number of patients who achieved FeO2 90% after preoxygenation for 3 minutes, and PaO2 and PaCO2 after preoxygenation and tracheal intubation. Only in the non-obese subgroup, no significant difference was observed in safe apnoea time (mean difference: 125.38, 95% confidence interval: −12.26 to 263.03).
Conclusion:

Non-invasive ventilation appeared to be more effective than conventional methods for preoxygenation. We recommend non-invasive ventilation based on our results.
Anterior Synechiae After Penetrating Keratoplasty In Infants And Children With Peters’ Anomaly
Authors: Yang Yujing , Xiang Jun , Xu Jianjiang
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To evaluate anterior synechiae (AS) after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with Peters’ anomaly using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed. The medical records of patients diagnosed with Peters anomaly who underwent PK between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed. In addition to basic ophthalmic examinations, images of anterior segment structures were obtained via spectral-domain OCT at baseline and during the postoperative follow-up period. The profiles of postoperative AS and multiple potential risk factors were analyzed.Results: Seventy-one eyes of 58 patients, aged 5 to 23 months, were included. Various extent of postoperative AS were observed in 59 eyes (83.1%). OCT findings revealed graft-host junction synechiae, peripheral anterior synechiae and a combination of both. Disease severity and malapposition of the internal graft-host junction (GHJ) were significantly associated with the formation of postoperative AS. Multivariate regression analysis found that preexisting iridocorneal adhesion (ICA) (odds ratio [OR]=16.639, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.494-185.294, p=0.022) was positively correlated with postoperative AS, whereas anterior chamber depth (OR=0.009, 95% CI 0.000-0.360, p=0.012), and graft size (OR=0.016, 95% CI 0.000-0.529, p=0.020) were negatively correlated with postoperative AS. In addition, quadrants of preexisting ICA and the width of the host corneal bed were identified as risk factors for increased postoperative AS.Conclusions: Postoperative AS is a relatively common occurrence in Peters’ anomaly patients following PK and is found to be associated with preexisting ICA, a shallow anterior chamber, small graft size, GHJ malappositions and grafts closer to the corneal limbus. These data indicate the need for careful consideration when performing PK on these patients.
Fitting the Causal Model of Marital Relationship Distress Based on the Stigma of Infertility: The Mediating Role of Relational Aggression in Infertile Women
Authors: Mikaeili Niloofar , Salvat Habibeh , Ebadi Matine
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to fit the causal model of marital relationship distress based on infertility stigma mediated by relational aggression in infertile women. The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all infertile women who referred to infertility centers and obstetrics and gynecology medical centers in Tehran in the summer of 1400 and due to lack of full access to them 300 people were selected by simple random sampling method and participated in the research through online questionnaire. Data were collected using the Marital Self-Reporting Questionnaire Thakson-Wisman et al. (2009), the Fu et al. (2014) Infertility Stigma, and the Nelson- Carroll (2006) Hidden relational Aggression Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between infertility stigma, relational aggression and marital relationship distress in infertile women was confirmed based on various fit indices. Infertility stigma and associated aggression have a direct effect on the marital turmoil of infertile women; Also, the stigma of infertility through relational aggression has an indirect effect on the marital turmoil of infertile women (P <0.05). It can be effective in reducing the chaos of the marital relationship.
The Use of Co-Design in Developing Physical Activity Interventions for Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Constantin Natalie , Edward Holly , Ng Hayley , Radisic Anna , Yule Amy , D’Asti Alina , D’Amore Cassandra , Reid Julie C , Beauchamp Marla
Published: February 2022

Background: Promoting physical activity (PA) participation in older adults is important for preserving quality of life and functional independence. Co-design has been shown to increase engagement of end-users in health-related policies and interventions. This scoping review aimed to examine how co-design has been used to develop PA interventions for older adults. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL. Peer-reviewed primary research studies that met the following criteria were included: had at least one participant aged ≥ 60 years involved in the co-design process and the intervention was delivered to individuals whose mean age was ≥ 60, used co-design methodologies, and any form of PA. After duplicate removal, two or more independent reviewers completed title and abstract and full text screening. Data were extracted from the included studies according to study aims. Results: Of the 29 included studies, 12 different terms were used to describe co-design with variable operational definitions that we consolidated into five proposed components. Fifteen studies engaged users in a consultative way, 13 studies using collaboration, and one study engaged end-users in consumer-control. No studies involved end-users in the dissemination phase. Further, no studies directly measured the effectiveness of the co-design process. Five categories of barriers and facilitators to co-design were identified including frameworks and methodologies, logistics, relationships, participation, and generalizability. Conclusions: There is a large degree of variability in how co-design is used to develop PA interventions for older adults. Our findings can be used by researchers to improve rigor and standardization in this emerging field. OSF registration: osf.io/vsw2m
Changes in the Transcriptomic Profiles of Allohexaploid Wheat in Response to Low Fe Stress
Authors: Wang Yue , Hua Ying-peng , Zhou Ting , Huang Jin-yong , Yue Cai-peng
Published: February 2022

Background: Around the world, especially in aerobic soils, because the solubility of iron (Fe) is very low, plants are often stressed by low Fe tress, and the growth, yield, and quality of crops will be inhibited in the case of severe Fe deficiency. The metabolism of Fe in plants is controlled by a series of complex transport, storage, and regulatory mechanisms to maintain the homeostasis of Fe in cells. Allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop and is more sensitive to low Fe tress. Although some studies have been conducted on the low Fe tress response of different plant species, these mechanisms are still unclear in wheat. Results: According to the results of transmission electron microscope, and paraffin section, under low Fe stress, leaf chlorosis was due to damage to the chloroplast structure, and the effect on root structure was mediated by reducing the rate of cell division in meristems and reducing cell elongation in the elongation zone. ICP-MS showed that low Fe stress significantly limited the absorption of essential elements, including N, Pi, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B nutrients. RNA sequencing revealed the transcriptomic changes of wheat under low Fe stress. The results showed that 378 and 2,619 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the shoots and roots, respectively. These DEGs were mainly involved in the synthesis of Fe chelating agents, ion transport, photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis, and other processes. Next, to find the core genes responding to low Fe stress, the gene co-expression network diagram was constructed. The results indicated that TaIRT1b-4A, TaNAS2-6D, TaNAS1a-6A, TaNAS1-6B, and TaNAAT1b-1D might play a key role in dealing with low-Fe stress. Conclusions: These research results might help to fully understand the morphological and molecular responses of plants to low Fe stress, and provide excellent genetic resources for the genetic modification of Fe deficiency crops.
Growth Hormone Supplementation During Ovarian Stimulation Does Not Alter Outcomes In Non-Poor Ovarian Response Patients With Multiple IVF Failures
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Zhang Xiaodong , Jing Guo , Chen Qiaoli , Huang Guoning
Published: February 2022

Background: Growth hormone (GH) is being used in different clinical situations in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), but its role has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of human growth hormone (GH) supplementation during ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles on non-poor ovarian response (non-POR) patients showing two previous failures of IVF cycles with no clearly identifiable reasons.Method: This is a retrospective cohort study of 139 women who underwent a 3rd IVF cycle with adjuvant GH treatment (n=52), compared retrospectively to patients also received a 3rd IVF treatment but without GH during the same period of time (n=87). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to evaluate the relation between GH and the cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (CCPR) or the number of available embryos.Results: With multiple cycles the proportion of GnRH-ant was higher in the GH group than GH-free group (GH group vs.GH-free: 1st cycle, 11.54% vs. 8.04%; 2nd cycle, 44.23% vs. 33.33%; 3rd cycle, 69.23% vs. 59.77%; P<0.001). The CCPR of the 3rd cycle was highest in self-paired cycles (GH group(cycle 1st-3rd): 30.77% vs.25.00% vs. 36.54%; GH-free group(cycle 1st-3rd):32.18% vs 28.74% vs 40.23%;P<0.001),the CCPR of the GH-free group was higher than that of the GH group in the 3rd cycle (40.23% vs. 36.54%,P<0.01). The use of fixed-effects GEE models revealed that after adjusting for potential confounders, the application of GH was not significantly associated with an increase in the CCPR or the number of available embryos(OR=1.05[95%CI,0.46–2.47] and 0.98[95%CI,0.66-1.48]; P>0.05).Conclusions: The data obtained herein indicated that GH co-treatment in IVF cycles did not exert any obvious effect on non-POR patients.
An Injectable Photo-cross-linking Silk Hydrogel System Augments Diabetic Wound Healing in Orthopaedic Surgery Through Spatiotemporal Immunomodulation
Authors: Mei Jiawei , Zhou Jun , Kong Lingtong , Dai Yong , Zhang Xianzuo , Song Wenqi , zhu chen
Published: February 2022

Background: The complicated hyperglycaemic and chronic inflammation of diabetic wounds in orthopaedic surgery leads to dysregulated immune cell function and potential infection risk in surgical implants. Immune interventions in diabetic wounds face a possible contradiction between simultaneous establishment of the pro-inflammatory environment in response to potential bacterial invasion and the anti-inflammatory environment required for tissue repair. To study this contradiction and accelerate diabetic-wound healing, we developed a photocurable methacryloxylated silk fibroin hydrogel (Sil-MA) system, co-encapsulated with metformin-loaded mesoporous silica microspheres (MET@MSNs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Results: The hydrogel system (M@M–Ag–Sil-MA) enhanced diabetic-wound healing via spatiotemporal immunomodulation. Sil-MA imparts a hydrogel system with rapid in situ Ultra-Violet-photocurable capability and allows preliminary controlled release of Ag NPs, which can inhibit bacterial aggregation and create a stable, sterile microenvironment. The results confirmed the involvement of Met in the immunomodulatory effects following spatiotemporal dual-controlled release via the mesoporous silica and Sil-MA, which resulted in induction of macrophage polarisation toward the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype. Simultaneously, the M@M–Ag–Sil-MA system inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and decreased the release of neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and NETs-induced pro-inflammatory factors. Additionally, the M@M–Ag–Sil-MA system promoted fibroblast migration and endothelial cell angiogenesis in vivo, with verification of enhanced diabetic-wound healing accompanied with the spatiotemporal immunoregulation of macrophages and NETs in a diabetic mouse model.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the M@M–Ag–Sil-MA hydrogel system resolved the immune contradiction in diabetic wounds through spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophages and NETs, suggesting its potential as a promising engineered nano-dressing for the treatment of diabetic wounds in orthopaedic surgery.
Construction of the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence: a Delphi study
Authors: Wu Chao , Wu Ping , Cheng Feixia , Wu Jing , Du Lina , He Shizhe , Du Yanling , Jiang Donglei , Qu Huanmin , Lang Hongjuan
Published: February 2022

Aims
This study aimed to construct a set of course training system which was scientific, authentic and comprehensive to foster the infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Background
Nowadays, with the further spread of infectious diseases, it puts forward higher requirements for the improvement of the ability and quality of nurses, especially infectious disease specialist nurses. It is an urgent task to standardize and improve the core competence of infectious disease specialist nurses. There was no course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Design:
A two-round Delphi consultation survey were carried out to get feedback from experts on constructing the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence.
Methods
This study adopted a series of methods including group discussion, theoretical analysis and Delphi consultation to draft the course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence. 21 Chinese experts from the fields of infectious disease health care, infectious disease nursing, and infectious disease nursing education were invited to participate in the Delphi consultation between November 2021 and December 2021.
Results
The experts were highly motivated in this study and they were regarded as leading authority on the subject. Besides, they reached a consensus on the results. The final course training system of infectious disease specialist nurses’ core competence focused on 5 competence modules and was composed of 12 course categories with 66 class contents and corresponding objectives.
Conclusions
The research methods were scientific and precise. The course system was comprehensive in content and reliable in result. It could be reference for course training of infectious disease specialist nurses.
Whole Structural Reconstruction and Quantification of Epidermal Innervation Through the Suction Blister Method and Skin-Clearing Technique
Authors: Kim Dai Hyun , Lee Se Jeong , Kim June Hoan , Park Sung Jin , Seo Soo Hong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Sun Woong , Kim Byung-Jo , Rhyu Im Joo
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) is conducted to advance assessment methods for peripheral neuropathies and pruritic skin disorders. The skin-clearing technique was proven to be a reliable method for 3-D imaging of IENFs. Nonetheless, it still requires further improvement in the imaging process. The aim of this study was to standardize the 3-D evaluation method of IENFs and to suggest promising 3-D biomarkers for clinical application. A total of nine healthy individuals were prospectively enrolled. The newly adopted suction blister method was combined with the tissue-clearing technique. The detailed structure of the IENFs was reconstructed and quantified using the neuron tracing software. The suction blister method showed improved linear integrity of IENFs compared with those obtained from the previously used salt-split skin test. The 3-D parameters most significantly related to natural aging were the convex hull two-dimensional perimeter and the total length (both p =0.020). The meaningful correlations were followed by total volume (p =0.025), ends (p =0.026), convex hull 3-D surface, and complexity (both p =0.030). Thus, the 3-D parameters could be utilized as possible biomarkers to identify ambiguous pathologies of peripheral neuropathies and pruritic skin disorders.
Identification and characterization of GAP50 binders with the goal to identify novel antimalarials
Authors: Sahal Dinkar , Agrawal Prakhar , Kumari Surekha , Sharma Upendra
Published: February 2022

Malaria continues to be a killer disease even in the modern world. Indeed, vaccines and drugs have a lot to learn from the malaria parasite before they can be successful. Here, using a filter for glideosomal anchor protein PfGAP50, we have explored a plethora of small molecules to shortlist eight GAP50 binders with promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 3 µM) that are also highly selective. Of these, Hayatinine, Curine, MMV689758 (Bedaquiline), MMV1634402 (Brilacidin), and MMV688271 with PfINDO IC50 ≤ 1 µM were found to stall merozoite invasion by inhibiting IMC formation besides increasing oxidant levels in trophozoites. Bedaquiline pre-treated and washed healthy RBCs showed prophylactic ability to prevent intraerythrocytic development of malaria parasite. Synergistic activities with ΣFIC values as low as 0.22 (Curine and Artemisinin) or 0.37 (Bedaquiline and Artemisinin) augur well for the development of drug combinations to combat malaria effectively. Interestingly, orally delivered Bedaquiline (50 mg/Kg b. wt.) showed substantial suppression of parasitemia in a mouse model of malaria.
“They're Causing More Harm than Good.” A Qualitative Study Exploring Racism in Harm Reduction Through the Experiences of Racialized People Who use Drugs
Authors: Godkhindi Parnika , Nussey Lisa , O'Shea Tim
Published: February 2022

Background: Increased opioid-related morbidity and mortality in racialized communities has highlighted the intersectional nature of the drug policy crisis. Given the racist evolution of the war on drugs and the harm reduction (HR) movement, the aim of this study is to explore racism within harm reduction services through the perspectives of our participants. Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore the perspectives of racialized service users and providers on racism in the HR movement in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Results: Five themes related to racism in HR were generated: (1) whiteness of harm reduction as a barrier to accessing services, (2) diversifying HR workers as a step toward overcoming distrust, (3) drop-in spaces specific to Black, Indigenous, and people of colour are facilitators to accessing harm reduction, (4) lack of representation in HR-related promotional and educational campaigns, and (5) HR as a frontier for policing. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that structural and institutional racism are prevalent in HR services within the GTHA, in the form of colour-blind policies and practices that fail to address the intersectional nature of the drug policy crisis. There is a need for HR organizations to critically reflect and act on their practices and policies, working with communites to become more equitable, inclusive, and accessible spaces for all people who use drugs.
Retention and Loss of PIT Tags and Implanted VHFs and Bio-Loggers in the Eurasian Beaver
Authors: Mayer Martin , Lian Marianne , Fuchs Boris , Robstad Christian A. , Evans Alina L. , Perrin Kathryn L. , Greunz Eva M. , Laske Timothy G. , Arnemo Jon M. , Rosell Frank
Published: February 2022

Background

Passive integrated transponder devices (PIT tags) are a valuable tool for individual identification of animals. Similarly, the surgical implantation of transmitters and bio-loggers can provide useful data on animal location, physiology and behavior. However, to avoid unnecessary recapture and related stress of study animals, PIT tags and bio-loggers should function reliably for long periods of time. Here, we evaluated the retention of PIT tags, and of very high frequency (VHF) transmitters and bio-loggers that were either implanted subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber).
Results

Over a 21-year period, we implanted PIT tags in 456 individuals and failed to detect a PIT tag in 30 cases, consisting of 26 individuals (6% of individuals). In all instances, we were still able to identify the individual due to the presence of unique ear tag numbers and tail scars. Moreover, we implanted 6 VHFs, 36 body temperature loggers and 21 heart rate loggers in 28 individuals, and experienced frequent loss of temperature loggers (at least 6 of 23 recaptured beavers) and heart rate loggers (10 of 18 recaptured beavers). No VHFs were lost in 2 recaptured beavers.
Conclusions

Possible causes for PIT tag loss (or non-detection) were incorrect implantation, migration of the tag within the body, a foreign body reaction leading to ejection, or malfunctioning of the tag. We speculate that logger loss was related to a foreign body reaction, and that loggers were either rejected through the incision wound or, in the case of temperature loggers, possibly adhered and encapsulated to intestines, and then engulfed by the gastro-intestinal tract and ejected. We discuss animal welfare implications and give recommendations for future studies implanting bio-loggers into wildlife.
Population Perceived Eye Strain Due to Digital Devices Usage During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Almalki Ashwaq M , Alblowi Mohammed , Aldosari Ayat M , Khandekar Rajiv , Al-Swailem Samar A.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/ mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS.Results: The study sample was comprised of 2,009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 hours daily, the main reasons for use were, work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the ‘20-20 rule for using digital devices’ was 9.4% and 6.9 respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were, headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P<0.05)).Conclusion: The Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography-Guided Chest Radiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Extracranial Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Tianlu , Liu Chengsen , Song Yingqiu , Wang Zheng , He Lei , Wang Chenyu , Wu Yu , Wang Ye , Zhang Xiaofang , Li Guang
Published: February 2022

Background This retrospective study compared positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and CT in the treatment of extracranial oligometastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explored the impact of chest radiotherapy (CRT) on patient survival. Methods We reviewed the medical records of Chinese patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC who underwent PET/CT or CT at two centers. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control differences in patient characteristics between the maintenance chemotherapy alone and CRT plus maintenance chemotherapy groups. Results We analyzed 192 eligible patients. The median survival time was significantly longer in the CRT plus maintenance group than in the chemotherapy alone group (13 months vs. 8 months, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no statistical difference in survival between both groups in patients who underwent CT examinations (n=98, 8 months vs. 5 months, p = 0.180). However, differences in survival between both groups were statistically significant in patients who underwent PET/CT examinations (n=94, 25 months vs. 11 months, p < 0.001). A multifactorial analysis revealed a more favorable prognosis in patients who underwent PET/CT evaluation (HR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.250-0.471, p < 0.001) and CRT (HR: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.464-0.840, p = 0.002) than in those who did not. The conclusion obtained after PSM is consistent with the above mentioned results. Conclusions PET/CT-guided CRT is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV extracranial oligometastatic NSCLC.
α-MoO3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres: spatially confined synthesis and tribological properties
Authors: Wu Tong , Gao Yuan , Pan Zang , Zhao Shengliang , Wang Wei
Published: February 2022

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely used in the field of lubrication due to its unique layered structure. But in a high temperature environment, MoS2 can be greatly deteriorated by severe oxidation, showing a higher friction coefficient and a shorter service life. The modified Stöber method was used to coat SiO2 on the surface of MoS2, so that MoS2 was converted into layered α-MoO3 in a confined space at high temperature. The morphology, size and composition of the prepared α-MoO3@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated by ball-disk friction experiments. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles have uniform particle size, high shell coverage and excellent anti-wear properties. Based on the analysis of the wear scars and the existing elements on the friction surface, the lubrication mechanism of the core-shell structure in the friction experiment was discussed.
Comparison of the Microvascular Anastomosis Maturation in Continuous and Interrupted Suture Technique.
Authors: Dostal Jiri , Klein Pavel , Blassova Tereza , Priban Vladimir
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Use of interrupted sutures in microvascular anastomosis is widely accepted standard technique. Usage of continuous running suture (CRS) is less common due to the presumption that its mechanical firmness can negatively affect anastomosis maturation, but shorter surgical time can be an important factor in the prevention of tissue ischemia. Purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of CRS allows microvascular anastomosis maturation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A rat common carotid artery (CCA) end-to-end microanastomosis model was used, with 19 Long-Evans rats in the interrupted suture group and 13 Long-Evans rats in the CRS group. An immediate blood flow of the operated and the contralateral intact CCA was compared to each other at the time of the anastomosis completion and after 14 days. Quantitative transit time flowmetry measurement and histological examination were used.
RESULTS
Initial blood flow in both intact CCAs was equal in all animals (p =.004). In the interrupted suture group, the median anastomosis blood flow was 88.9% of the contralateral CCA, median time needed for the suture was 46 minutes. The blood flow after two weeks increased to 96.1%. In the CRS group, the median anastomosis blood flow was 88.3% of the contralateral CCA, median time needed for the suture was 30 minutes. The blood flow after two weeks increased to 100.0%. Achieved suture time reduction was 34.8% (p <.001). Histological examination showed a mature scar.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, CRS and interrupted suture microanastomosis maturation rate was comparable. Use of CRS allowed a significant surgical time reduction.
Noise Resilient Leaky Integrate-and-fire Neuron Based on Multi-domain Spintronic Devices
Authors: Wang Cheng , Lee Chankyu , Roy Kaushik
Published: February 2022

The capability of emulating neural functionalities efficiently in hardware is crucial for building neuromorphic computing systems. While various types of neuro-mimetic devices have been investigated, it remains challenging to provide a compact device that can emulate spiking neurons. In this work, we propose a non-volatile spin-based device for efficiently emulating a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron. By incorporating an exchange-coupled composite free layer in spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions, multi-domain magnetization switching dynamics is exploited to realize gradual accumulation of membrane potential for a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron with compact footprints. The proposed device offers significantly improved scalability compared with previously proposed spin-based neuro-mimetic implementations while exhibiting high energy efficiency and good controllability. Moreover, the proposed neuron device exhibits a varying leak constant and a varying membrane resistance that are both dependent on the magnitude of the membrane potential. Interestingly, we demonstrate that such device-inspired dynamic behaviors can be incorporated to construct more robust spiking neural network models, and find improved resiliency against various types of noise injection scenarios. The proposed spintronic neuro-mimetic devices may potentially open up exciting opportunities for the development of efficient and robust neuro-inspired computational hardware.
InspirE5: A Participatory, Internationally Informed Framework for Health Humanities Curricula in Health Professions Education
Authors: Carr Sandra E. , Harris Anna , Scott Karen , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Phillips Brid , Hooker Claire , Noya Farah , Mavaddat Nahal , Vuillermin Daniel M. , Reid Steve , Brett-MacLean Pamela
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIt is important for health professions educators to consider not just the potential benefits humanities education can contribute but the central learning outcomes health humanities education can achieve, how achievement of this learning can be meaningfully measured or assessed and the effectiveness of learning strategies evaluated. This research asked, what could an internationally informed curriculum and evaluation framework for the implementation of health humanities for health professions education look like?MethodsThe participatory action research (PAR) approach applied was based on three iterative phases 1. Perspective sharing and collaboration building. 2. Evidence gathering 3. Development of an internationally relevant curriculum and evaluation framework for health humanities. A series of online meetings, virtual workshops and follow up communications produced the curriculum framework documents.ResultsFollowing the perspective sharing and evidence gathering, the InspirE5 model of curriculum design and evaluation framework for health humanities in health professions education was developed through five principle foci: Environment: Learning and political environment surrounding the program. Expectations: Graduate capabilities that are clearly articulated for all, integrated into core curricula and relevant to graduate destinations and associated professional standards. Experience: Learning and teaching experience that supports learners’ achievement of the stated graduate capabilities. Evidence: Assessment of learning (formative and/or summative) with feedback for learners around the development of capabilities. Enhancement: Program evaluation of the students and teachers learning experiences and achievement. In all, 11 Graduate Capabilities for Health Humanities were suggested along with a summary of common core content as well as some guiding principles for assessment of learning.Discussion Our experience and recommendations for Health Humanities curricula and evaluation may be a catalyst for new design, research and teaching. Systematic approaches to assessment of learning are needed to support transformative, integrated health humanities teaching in health professions education, while remaining sensitive to and adaptive for local contexts. This curriculum and evaluation framework provides a foundation for our shared vision for person-centred collaborative action directed at humane healthcare of significant local, international and global health issues.
Muography for a dense tide monitoring network
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Sub-hourly to seasonal and interannual oceanographic phenomena can be better understood with high special resolution and high frequency tidal observations. However, while current tidal measurements can provide sufficiently high observational density in the time scale, the observational density in terms of space is low mainly due to the high expense of constructing tide gauge stations. In this work, we designed a novel tide monitoring technique with muography that could be operated in near-shore basements (or similar structures on land below sea level) and found that more practical, stable, robust and cost-effective high-spatiotemporal-density tide measurements are possible. Although the time resolution, sensitivity, and the distance between the detectors and the shorelines are tradeoffs, hourly and annual sensitivity (ability to detect the tide height variations) of less than 10 cm and 1 mm can be statistically attained, respectively. It is anticipated that the current muographic technique could be applied as an alternative, cost-effective and convenient dense tidal monitor network strategy in coastal areas worldwide.
Correlation Between Structure, Chromaticity, and Dielectric Properties of Calcium Copper Pyrophosphates, Ca2−xCuxP2O7
Authors: Baitahe Rattanai , Sron Chuchai , Thompho Somphob , Chaiseedad Kittichai , Boonchom Banjong
Published: February 2022

Discoveries of the correlation between the physical properties and structure of the materials are interesting in the field of the material science and chemical engineering. This work investigated the correlation between the structure, chromaticity, and dielectric properties of calcium copper pyrophosphates, Ca2−xCuxP2O7. The solid state thermal decomposition reaction was employed to synthesize the Ca2−xCuxP2O7 by varying the mole ratio between Ca and Cu. The structure and crystallography of the pyrophosphate compounds were identified and confirmed by using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement method and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) least-squares fitting technique were also applied to refine the sample crystal structure. The bond angle and bond length of samples were also obtained from the refinement method. The X-ray absorption edge energies (E0) of the synthesized compounds were investigated and the obtained results confirmed the formation of the binary metal pyrophosphates (Ca2−xCuxP2O7). The image sensor result of the Cu2P2O7 sample (x = 2.00) illustrated a yellowish-green color, while other compounds (x = 0.50−1.50) presented color tones that changed from blue-green to bluish-green. The dielectric constant (εr) of the synthesized Ca2−xCuxP2O7 were calculated by using the Clausius-Mossotti relation, and the highest εr was observed for Ca2P2O7. The Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometers were employed to characterize and confirm the vibrational characteristics of the P2O74− group. The experimental results demonstrated that the changing in the crystal structure of Ca2−xCuxP2O7 (i.e., bond angle of P−O−P in P2O74− and distortion phenomena in M−O6 octahedral site) can cause the correlation between the dielectric and optical properties of the sample.
Sustained Improvements in EQ-5D Utility Scores and Self-rated Health Status in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis After Spa Treatment Including Low-dose Radon
Authors: Zee-Neuen Antje van der , Strobl Victoria , Dobias Heidemarie , Fuchs Julia , Untner Johannes , Foisner Wolfgang , Knapp Martina , Edtinger Sebastian , Offenbächer Martin , Ritter Markus , Hölzl Bertram , Gaisberger Martin
Published: February 2022

Background Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have significantly lower quality of life (QoL) than the general population. Holistic interventions addressing QoL include spa- or balneotherapy. Inclusion of radon in spa-therapy treatments is beneficial in reducing pain and shows promising results in improving QoL in AS-patients. We aimed to explore the association of spa therapy including low-dose radon with systematically monitored QoL in AS-patients over an extended timeperiod.MethodsRegistry data collected for the “Radon indication registry for the assessment of pain reduction, increase of quality of life and improvement in body functionality throughout low-dose radon hyperthermia therapy” in the Austrian Gastein valley comprising data on QoL (EuroQol EQ-5D) directly before the treatment (baseline), directly, 3; 6 and 9 months after the treatment, age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were analysed. Two linear regression models explored the association between time of measurement with 1) EQ-5D utilities and 2) EuroQol visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Alterations of 0.05 (utilities) and 5.00 (VAS) were considered clinically relevant.ResultsTwo-hundred-ninety-one AS-patients were included in the analyses. Forty-four percent (n=128) were women, the mean age was 52 (SD 10) and the average BMI was 26 (SD 4). Utilities and VAS were significantly higher at all timepoints compared to baseline. Improvements were clinically relevant at all timepoints in case of the EQ-5D VAS and until 6 months after treatment for the utility index.ConclusionSpa therapy including radon results in significant and clinically relevant improvements in Qol of AS-patients until 6-9 months after treatment.
Genome properties of key oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) breeding populations
Authors: SEYUM Essubalew Getachew , Bille Ngalle Hermine , Abtew Wosene Gebreselassie , Rastas Pasi , Arifianto Deni , Domonhédo Hubert , Cochard Benoît , Jacob Florence , Riou Virginie , Pomiès Virginie , Lopez David , Bell Joseph Martin , Cros David
Published: February 2022

Good knowledge about genome properties of the populations helps to optimize breeding methods, particularly genomic selection (GS). In oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), the first global source of vegetable oil, GS gave promising results. The present study considered two complex oil palm breeding populations, Deli and La Mé, with 943 individuals and 7,324 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotyping-by-sequencing. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), haplotype sharing, effective size (Ne), and fixation index (Fst) were investigated. A genetic linkage map was constructed, including 4,252 SNPs and spanning 1,778.52 cM, with an average recombination rate of 2.85 cM/Mbp. The LD at r²=0.3, considered as the minimum to get reliable results for genomic predictions, spanned over 1.05 cM/0.22 Mbp in Deli and 0.9 cM/0.21 Mbp in La Mé. The significant degree of differentiation existing between Deli and La Mé was confirmed by the high Fst value (0.53), the pattern of correlation of SNP heterozygosity and allele frequency among populations, and the decrease of persistence of LD and of haplotype sharing among populations with increasing SNP distance. However, the level of resemblance between the two populations over short genomic distances (correlation of r values between populations >0.6 for SNPs separated by <0.5 cM or <1 kbp and percentage of common haplotypes >40% for haplotypes <3,600 bp or <0.20 cM) likely explains the superiority of GS models ignoring the parental origin of marker alleles over models taking this information into account. The two populations had low Ne (<5). Population-specific genetic maps and reference genomes are needed for future studies.
Effect of Oleuropein on Fungal Infection for Denture Wearers
Authors: Alfahdawi Ibrahim H. , Alsewuidi Wasan Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Background: Oleuropein, the main phenolic element of extra virgin olive oil, is rising in popularity as well as relevance among scientists and the general public. Purpose: Therefore, in this study, the activity of oleuropein, a complicated phenol present in significant levels in olive tree products, against the common fungal pathogen Candida albicans was investigated. Procedures: Oleuropein is administered twice a day for two weeks to the tissue surfaces of dentures. Results: After using oleuropein, the signs and symptoms of stomatitis, such as discomfort, redness, and inflammation, progressively faded. After two days to two weeks, the denture stomatitis healed by using an oleuropein. Patients with denture stomatitis underwent inspection and assessment of the mucosa, Candidal quantification culture, and verification of the disease using three methods: Germ tube, Gram stain, and ChromAgar media after therapy.Conclusions: The use of oleuropein in dentistry is possibly the most methodologically substantiated. Periodontology, mucous membrane pathology, and oral surgery all use oleuropein, orthodontics, and prosthodontics, among other dental professions. It was proven to be significantly high efficient when applied twice a day on the fitting inside surface of the denture base for two weeks.