bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding the Side Effects of Antipsychotics among Primary Care Givers of Clients With Mental Illness in Selected Mental Health Hospital, Chennai
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: October 2021

Background: The main aim of this study is to create an awareness regarding the side effects. The primary care givers and the patients should understand that if side effects are there also they do not stop the medicines. The psychotic medicines are very essential for the treatment and it should be effectively managed and given only after the consultation with the physician. So a basic knowledge regarding drugs, side effects and the immediate management of these side effects are essential.

Methodology: Present study was conducted on quantitative approach for analyzing knowledge management of the psychotic drugs among the care takers based on the conceptual frame work, Imogene King's Goal attainment theory. The research design selected for the present study was one group pretest and posttest design (01 - X - 02). The sample of the study comprised of 40 primary care givers who are staying with the mentally ill clients in the selected mental health centers.

Results and Discussion: Among the total 40 sample of primary care givers out of 14 (35%) in 29-38 years of age and 60% were females. 50% having secondary education. Hindu (65%).  52.5% of people worked in private job.  Only 55% informed that their income was higher than 10000, 55% from urban area.  While in the post -test, 1(2.5%) of the subject had average knowledge, 19(47.5%) subject had good knowledge and 20(50%) subject had excellent knowledge regarding the side effects of antipsychotics. The comparison between the mean difference in pre-test and post test score was 8.2. The calculated ' value was 13.71, whereas the tabulated’t’ value was 2.02, shows that the calculated ’t’ value was much higher than the tabulated ’t’ value.

Conclusion: It shows that the planned teaching was effective in significant improving the knowledge of primary care givers of psychiatric patient regarding side effects of typical antipsychotics, so the null hypothesis H0 is rejected and the research hypothesis H1 is accepted.
Hypotonia–cystinuria 2p21 deletion syndrome: Intrafamilial variability of clinical expression
Authors: Towheed Atif , Hietanen Christian L. , Kamath Vasudeva G. , Singh Larry N. , Ho Angela , Engelstad Kristin , Cornett Kayla , Montes Jacqueline , De Vivo Darryl
Published: October 2021

Two siblings presented similarly with congenital hypotonia, lactic acidosis, and failure to thrive. Later in childhood, the brother developed cystinuria and nephrolithiasis whereas the older sister suffered from cystinuria and chronic neurobehavioral disturbances. Biopsied muscle studies demonstrated deficient cytochrome c oxidase activities consistent with a mitochondrial disease. Whole exome sequencing (WES), however, revealed a homozygous 2p21 deletion involving two contiquous genes, SLC3A1 (deletion of exons 2‐10) and PREPL (deletion of exons 2‐14). The molecular findings were consistent with the hypotonia–cystinuria 2p21 deletion syndrome, presenting similarly in infancy with mitochondrial dysfunction but diverging later in childhood and displaying intrafamilial phenotypic variability.
Acceptability of Vaccines Against Preventable Infections Including Coronavirus Disease 2019 Among Patients With Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Ellrodt Jack , Stratton Jacklyn , Santacroce Leah , Chandler Paulette D. , Gravallese Ellen M. , Solomon Daniel H.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Vaccination against preventable infections is widely recommended for patients with systemic rheumatic disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has highlighted variability in attitudes toward vaccination, particularly with the use of novel vaccine platforms. We studied attitudes toward vaccination against COVID‐19 and other preventable infections among patients with systemic rheumatic disease and compared these against the general population.

Methods

We surveyed patients treated at Brigham and Women’s Hospital for systemic rheumatic disease using a secure web‐based survey or paper survey in English or Spanish, from December 2020 to April 2021. We included survey questions used in the nationwide Harris Poll (October 2020 and February 2021), allowing the comparison of responses with those from the general population. Response frequencies were estimated and compared using descriptive statistics.

Results

Of 243 participants (25% response rate), the mean age was 56 years, 82% were women, and 33% were nonwhite. Rheumatoid arthritis (50%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (28%) were the most common diagnoses. Thirty percent had been hospitalized previously for any infection. Seventy‐six percent worried a lot or somewhat about contracting COVID‐19. Attitudes toward vaccination were very favorable, with 92% having received a flu shot in the past year and 84% desiring a COVID‐19 vaccine as soon as possible compared with 30% to 40% of Harris Poll respondents (P < 0.001). Physician recommendation to receive a vaccine and desire to avoid infection were the most common reasons for desiring vaccinations.

Conclusion

Vaccine acceptability, including toward COVID‐19 vaccines, was high among this population of patients with systemic rheumatic disease seen at an academic medical center cohort. Physician recommendation is a key factor for vaccine uptake.
Electric Current‐Assisted Synthesis of the Ti2AlC MAX Carbide Phase by Arc Melting and Heat Treatment Using Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Hugon Elise , Rapaud Olivier , Lucas Romain , Chotard Thierry
Published: October 2021

Herein, two current‐assisted techniques, arc melting and spark plasma sintering (SPS), are investigated for the synthesis of the Ti2AlC carbide MAX phase. Synthesis parameters are adjusted to improve the composition of the samples and limit the proportion of secondary phases. A 3 min heating at low power (15% of the maximum current of 180 A) on the arc melting furnace leads to a sample containing more than 71 wt% of Ti2AlC. The impact of parameters such as time, power, and generator amperage is considered. By SPS, a two‐step cycle is used to ensure the formation of the titanium aluminide compounds before reaching higher temperatures. A first dwell at 600 °C for 15 min and a second dwell at 1200 °C for 10 min, under a load of 75 MPa, leads to a sample containing more than 85 wt% of Ti2AlC. Without pressure, a single‐phase Ti2AlC sample is obtained. It is found that the application of a load is not beneficial to the formation of Ti2AlC but shifts the composition toward the formation of Ti3AlC2. The composition of this sample is further investigated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF) to check the presence of impurities.
Polymeric Toroidal Self‐Assemblies: Diverse Formation Mechanisms and Functions
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Gao Liang , Cai Chunhua , Lin Jiaping , Wang Liquan , Tian Xiaohui
Published: October 2021

In recent years, toroidal nanostructures have become an appealing topic in nanoscience owing to their unique structure and promising applications. Among them, polymeric toroidal self‐assemblies have attracted considerable attention because of their manipulability and diversity. Despite the substantial advances in the area of polymeric nanotoroids, the universal formation principles and functions of these toroids have not been sufficiently summarized. This article aims to review recent advances in the formation and function of polymeric nanotoroids. The significant role of theoretical simulations in revealing the formation mechanism and inherent structure of toroidal assemblies is emphasized. Additionally, a perspective on the challenges of this research field is addressed.
Nonmonotonic Coupled Dissolution‐Precipitation Reactions at the Mineral–Water Interface
Authors: Rao Ashit , Ayirala Subhash C. , Alotaibi Mohammed B. , Duits Michel H. G. , Yousef A. A. , Mugele Frieder
Published: October 2021

Dissolution is inherent to fluid‐mineral systems. Yet its impact on minerals reacting with electrolytes is overlooked. Here, a novel nonmonotonic behavior for the surface interactions of carbonates (calcite and Mg‐calcite) with organic acids is reported. Applying a bioinspired approach, Mg‐calcite sensors via amorphous precursors, avoiding any preconditioning with functional groups are synthesized. A quartz crystal microbalance is used to study the mass changes of the mineral on contact with organic acids under varying ionic conditions, temperatures, and flow velocities. Supported by confocal Raman microscopy and potentiometric titrations, nonmonotonous mass developments are found as a function of Ca2+concentration and flowrate, and attributed to three coupled chemical reactions: i) carbonate dissolution via Ca2+ion complexation with organic molecules, and the formation of organo‐calcium compounds as ii) a surface phase at the mineral–water interface, and iii) particles in the bulk fluid. These processes depend on local ion contents and the precipitation onset (i.e., saturation index) of organo‐calcium salts, both of which substantially differ in the bulk fluid and in the fluid boundary layer at mineral interfaces. This continuum between dissolution and precipitation provides a conceptual framework to address reactions at mineral interfacial across disciplines including biomineralization, ocean acidification and reservoir geochemistry.
Disintegrable n‐Type Electroactive Terpolymers for High‐Performance, Transient Organic Electronics
Authors: Park Hyeonjung , Kim Youngkwon , Kim Donguk , Lee Seungjin , Kim Felix Sunjoo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: October 2021

Degradable organic semiconductors have significant potential for transient and biomedical organic electronics, but there have been only a few studies on fully degradable conjugated polymers (CPs) that achieve high electrical performance. In addition, these examples are limited to p‐type CPs. In this study, a series of fully degradable n‐type CPs, naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based terpolymer (PNDIT2/IM‐f) are developed. The incorporation of an imine linker (IM) into the CP backbone affords the capability of facile hydrolysis degradation while maintaining efficient π‐conjugations and excellent electrical properties. An additional benefit of this molecular design is the systematic tunability of the degradation characteristics and electrical performance depending on the IM content (fIM). At the optimal point (fIM = 0.45) that enables complete degradation of the polymer under acidic conditions, the resulting PNDIT2/IM‐0.45 film exhibits high electron mobility (μe) of 0.04 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), demonstrating excellent potential as transient OFETs. The high μe value is mainly attributed to the enlarged edge‐on orientations and tighter stacking of PNDIT2/IM‐f crystallites as increasing fIM. Thus, this study provides useful guidelines for the design of fully degradable n‐type CPs and establishes an important correlation between the molecular structure−electronic performance−transient properties.
Digital Assembly of Spherical Viscoelastic Bio‐Ink Particles
Authors: Zhu Jinchang , He Yi , Kong Linlin , He Zhijian , Kang Kaylen Y. , Grady Shannon P. , Nguyen Leander Q. , Chen Dong , Wang Yong , Oberholzer Jose , Cai Li‐Heng
Published: October 2021

3D bioprinting additively assembles bio‐inks to manufacture tissue‐mimicking biological constructs, but with the typical building blocks limited to 1D filaments. Here, it is developed a voxelated bioprinting technique for the digital assembly of spherical particles (DASP), which are effectively 0D voxels—the basic unit of 3D structures. It is shown that DASP enables on‐demand generation, deposition, and assembly of viscoelastic bio‐ink droplets. A two‐parameter diagram is developed to outline the viscoelasticity of bio‐inks required for printing spherical particles of good fidelity. Moreover, a strategy is developed for engineering bio‐inks with independently controllable viscoelasticity and mesh size, two of the most important yet intrinsically coupled physical properties of biomaterials. Using DASP, mechanically robust, multiscale porous scaffolds composed of interconnected yet distinguishable hydrogel particles are created. Finally, it is demonstrated the application of the scaffolds in encapsulating human pancreatic islets for sustained responsive insulin release. Together with the knowledge of bio‐ink design, DASP might be used to engineer highly heterogeneous, yet tightly organized tissue constructs for therapeutic applications.
Cycloruthenated Self‐Assembly with Metabolic Inhibition to Efficiently Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancers
Authors: Li Jia , Zeng Leli , Wang Zheng , Chen Hengxing , Fang Shuo , Wang Jinquan , Cai Chao‐Yun , Xing Enming , Liao Xinxing , Li Zhi‐Wei , Ashby Charles R. , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Chao Hui , Pan Yihang
Published: October 2021

The synthesis and the evaluation of the efficacy of a cycloruthenated complex, RuZ, is reported, to overcome multi‐drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. RuZ can self‐assemble into nanoaggregates in the cell culture medium, resulting in a high intracellular concentration of RuZ in MDR cancer cells. The self‐assembly significantly decreases oxygen consumption and inhibits glycolysis, which decreases cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The decrease in ATP levels and its low affinity for the ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters (which mediate MDR) significantly increase the retention of RuZ by MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, RuZ increases cellular oxidative stress, inducing DNA damage, and, in combination with the aforementioned effects of RuZ, increases the apoptosis of cancer cells. Proteomic profiling analysis suggests that the RuZ primarily decreases the expression of proteins that mediate glycolysis and aerobic mitochondrial respiration and increases the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. RuZ inhibits the proliferation of 35 cancer cell lines, of which 7 cell lines are resistant to clinical drugs. It is also active in doxorubicin‐resistant MDA‐MB‐231/Adr mouse tumor xenografts. To the best of our knowledge, the results are the first to show that self‐assembled cycloruthenated complexes are efficacious in inhibiting the growth of MDR cancer cells.
Emissive Charge‐Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non‐Radiative Recombination and High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Eisner Flurin , Foot Georgie , Yan Jun , Azzouzi Mohammed , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Sit Wai Yu , Firdaus Yuliar , Zhang Guichuan , Lin Yen‐Hung , Yip Hin‐Lap , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Nelson Jenny
Published: October 2021

Hybrid devices based on a heterojunction between inorganic and organic semiconductors have offered a means to combine the advantages of both classes of materials in optoelectronic devices, but, in practice, the performance of such devices has often been disappointing. Here, it is demonstrated that charge generation in hybrid inorganic–organic heterojunctions consisting of copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) and a variety of molecular acceptors (ITIC, IT‐4F, Y6, PC70BM, C70, C60) proceeds via emissive charge‐transfer (CT) states analogous to those found at all‐organic heterojunctions. Importantly, contrary to what has been observed at previous organic–inorganic heterojunctions, the dissociation of the CT‐exciton and subsequent charge separation is efficient, allowing the fabrication of planar photovoltaic devices with very low non‐radiative voltage losses (0.21 ±  0.02 V). It is shown that such low non‐radiative recombination enables the fabrication of simple and cost‐effective near‐IR (NIR) detectors with extremely low dark current (4 pA cm−2) and noise spectral density (3 fA Hz−1/2) at no external bias, leading to specific detectivities at NIR wavelengths of just under 1013 Jones, close to the performance of commercial silicon photodetectors. It is believed that this work demonstrates the possibility for hybrid heterojunctions to exploit the unique properties of both inorganic and organic semiconductors for high‐performance opto‐electronic devices.
Crystal Phase Transition Creates a Highly Active and Stable RuCX Nanosurface for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Kim Jeonghyeon , Kim Hee Jin , Ruqia Bibi , Kim Mi Ji , Jang Yeong‐Ji , Jo Tae Hwan , Baik Hionsuck , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Chung Hee‐Suk , Baek Kangkyun , Noh Siwoo , Jung Moonjung , Kim Ki‐jeong , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Youn Young‐Sang , Choi Sang‐Il
Published: October 2021

Although metastable crystal structures have received much attention owing to their utilization in various fields, their phase‐transition to a thermodynamic structure has attracted comparably little interest. In the case of nanoscale crystals, such an exothermic phase‐transition releases high energy within a confined surface area and reconstructs surface atomic arrangement in a short time. Thus, this high‐energy nanosurface may create novel crystal structures when some elements are supplied. In this work, the creation of a ruthenium carbide (RuCX, X < 1) phase on the surface of the Ru nanocrystal is discovered during phase‐transition from cubic‐close‐packed to hexagonal‐close‐packed structure. When the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is tested in alkaline media, the RuCX exhibits a much lower overpotential and good stability relative to the counterpart Ru‐based catalysts and the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations predict that the local heterogeneity of the outermost RuCX surface promotes the bifunctional HER mechanism by providing catalytic sites for both H adsorption and facile water dissociation.
Conversion‐Type Nonmetal Elemental Tellurium Anode with High Utilization for Mild/Alkaline Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Ze , Li Chuan , Yang Qi , Wang Donghong , Li Xinliang , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , Chen Ao , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2021

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), generally established on an excessive metallic Zn anode and aqueous electrolytes, suffer from severe dendrites and gassing issues at Zn side, resulting in poor cycling life. Substituting Zn metal anode with non‐Zn ones is a promising strategy for solving these problems, whereas this is still restricted by the limited anode alternatives. Herein, by replacing metal Zn with chalcogen element tellurium (Te), a conversion‐type Te‐based ZIB is reported that can work in both mild and alkaline electrolytes. As expected, the as‐assembled mild Te/MnO2 and alkaline Te/Ni(OH)2 cells deliver remarkable capacities up to 106 and 161 mAh g−1anode+cathode, respectively, with a high utilization of anode (50.1% for the Te/MnO2 and 38.9% for the Te/Ni(OH)2), which surpass all ZIBs. Ultralong cycling life (over 75% capacity retention after 5000 cycles) is achieved in the two systems, benefiting from the stable conversion mechanisms (mild: Te to ZnTe2 to ZnTe; alkaline: ZnTe to Te to TeO2) with thoroughly eliminated dendrites and gassing. Moreover, high gravimetric energy density of ZIBs is also achieved, which are 176.3 Wh kg−1anode+cathdoe (Te/Ni(OH)2) and 81 Wh Kg−1anode+cathode (Te/MnO2), respectively. This work sheds light on the development of advanced conversion‐type anode for high‐performance batteries with superior stability.
Liquid‐Metal‐Enabled Mechanical‐Energy‐Induced CO2 Conversion
Authors: Tang Junma , Tang Jianbo , Mayyas Mohannad , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Sun Jing , Rahim Md Arifur , Yang Jiong , Han Jialuo , Lawes Douglas J. , Jalili Rouhollah , Daeneke Torben , Saborio Maricruz G. , Cao Zhenbang , Echeverria Claudia A. , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Zavabeti Ali , Hamilton Jessica , Mitchell Valerie , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Kaner Richard B. , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Dickey Michael D. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh
Published: October 2021

A green carbon capture and conversion technology offering scalability and economic viability for mitigating CO2 emissions is reported. The technology uses suspensions of gallium liquid metal to reduce CO2 into carbonaceous solid products and O2 at near room temperature. The nonpolar nature of the liquid gallium interface allows the solid products to instantaneously exfoliate, hence keeping active sites accessible. The solid co‐contributor of silver–gallium rods ensures a cyclic sustainable process. The overall process relies on mechanical energy as the input, which drives nano‐dimensional triboelectrochemical reactions. When a gallium/silver fluoride mix at 7:1 mass ratio is employed to create the reaction material, 92% efficiency is obtained at a remarkably low input energy of 230 kWh (excluding the energy used for dissolving CO2) for the capture and conversion of a tonne of CO2. This green technology presents an economical solution for CO2 emissions.
Interfacial Manipulation via In Situ Grown ZnSe Cultivator toward Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Li Chao , Sun Zhongti , Yang Shuai , Shi Zixiong , Huang Rong , Liu Bingzhi , Li Shuo , Wu Yuhan , Wang Menglei , Su Yiwen , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu
Published: October 2021

Zn metal anode has garnered growing scientific and industrial interest owing to its appropriate redox potential, low cost, and high safety. Nevertheless, the instability of Zn anode caused by dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions has greatly hampered its commercialization. Herein, an in situ grown ZnSe overlayer is crafted over one side of commercial Zn foil via chemical vapor deposition in a scalable manner, aiming to achieve optimized electrolyte/Zn interfaces with large‐scale viability. Impressively, thus‐derived ZnSe coating functions as a cultivator to guide oriented growth of Zn (002) plane at the infancy stage of stripping/plating cycles, thereby inhibiting the formation of Zn dendrites and the occurrence of side reactions. As a result, high cyclic stability (1530 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2; 172 h at 30.0 mA cm−2/10.0 mAh cm−2) in symmetric cells is harvested. Meanwhile, when paired with V2O5 based cathode, assembled full cell achieves an outstanding capacity (194.5 mAh g−1) and elongated lifespan (a capacity retention of 84% after 1000 cycles) at 5.0 A g−1. The reversible Zn anode enabled by the interfacial manipulation strategy via ZnSe cultivator is anticipated to satisfy the demand of commercial use.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles with High PD‐L1 Expression for Autoimmune Diseases Treatment
Authors: Xu Fang , Fei Ziying , Dai Huaxing , Xu Jialu , Fan Qin , Shen Shufang , Zhang Yue , Ma Qingle , Chu Jiacheng , Peng Fei , Zhou Fangfang , Liu Zhuang , Wang Chao
Published: October 2021

Autoimmune diseases are the third most common disease influencing the quality of life of many patients. Here, a programmed cell death‐ligand 1 + (PD‐L1) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1) using lentivirus‐mediated gene transfection technology is developed for reconfiguration of the local immune microenvironment of affected tissue in autoimmune diseases. MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 exhibits an impressive ability to regulate various activated immune cells to an immunosuppressed state in vitro. More importantly, in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and imiquimod‐induced psoriasis mouse models, a significantly high accumulation of MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 is observed in the inflamed tissues compared to the PD‐L1+ MSCs. Therapeutic efficiency in both UC and psoriasis mouse disease models is demonstrated using MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 to reshape the inflammatory ecosystem in the local immune context. A technology is developed using MSC‐sEVs‐PD‐L1 as a natural delivery platform for autoimmune diseases treatment with high clinical potential.
Liquid Metal Microscale Deposition enabled High Resolution and Density Epidermal Microheater for Localized Ectopic Expression in Drosophila
Authors: Wang Bei , Gao Junjun , Jiang Jiajun , Hu Zenghui , Hjort Klas , Guo Zheng , Wu Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Localized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells in fruit flies provides a convenient model for studying human intestinal diseases, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, that need urgent attention. Due to its noninvasive feature, thermal activating ectopic expression is an excellent option, but it demands local heating of the tiny and delicate live flies’ abdomen (≈1 × 1 mm2) without blocking their breath, instead of global heating of the whole body. This work proposes a thin, high‐resolution, and density liquid metal (LM) microheater with gas permeability and sufficient compliance to provide homogenous local heating to the fly's tiny abdomen. A depositing technique is developed that can make microscale thin (5 µm), smooth (Sa = 0.8 µm), gas permeable LM film for such microheater by introducing LM micrometer/sub‐micrometer particles. Collision induced LM particle merging and hence sintering is proposed to solve low conductivity due to their particular shells of micrometer/sub‐micrometer particles. The deposition can conformally print on the wavy or rough surface due to the fine particle size. With a shadow mask, this microscale deposition can enable high yield and reproducible thin LM patterning with high resolution, density, and precision simultaneously. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that epidermal patches can compliantly attach onto the wrinkle skin and fingerprint. Finally, by applying such a microheater on the fly abdomen, localized ectopic expression of enteroendocrine cells is successfully demonstrated.
Effect of Support for Non‐Noble NiMo Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: Park Jinkyu , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Lee Ahryeon , Kim Seongbeen , Lee Seunghyun , Yoo Sung Jong , Lee Jinwoo
Published: October 2021

The development of high‐performance platinum group metal (PGM)‐free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) remains a great challenge. Here, a novel design strategy for improving the catalytic activity of PGM‐free catalysts by adopting N‐doped large‐porous carbon as a support material is reported. This paper shows the effect of support on the activity of non‐noble NiMo in HOR by comparing NiMo alloy on N‐doped mesocellular carbon foam (NiMo/N‐MSUF‐C) with NiMo/MSUF‐C and NiMo on N‐doped CMK‐3 (NiMo/N‐CMK‐3). The strong interaction between NiMo and N species in N‐MSUF‐C alters the electronic structure of NiMo toward optimal binding energies for H and OH. The large pores in N‐MSUF‐C facilitate the diffusion of OH− into the catalyst layer, thereby increasing the limiting current density, which is higher compared with that of NiMo/N‐CMK‐3. The AEMFC with NiMo/N‐MSUF‐C as the anode shows a higher peak power density of 152 mW cm−2 in H2/O2 compared with that of previously reported PGM‐free catalysts. These results can lead to efficient designing of highly effective AEMFCs for practical applications.
Revealing the Thermal Safety of Prussian Blue Cathode for Safer Nonaqueous Batteries
Authors: Li Zheng , Dadsetan Mehran , Gao Junxian , Zhang Sensen , Cai Lirong , Naseri Ali , Jimenez‐Castaneda Martha E. , Filley Timothy , Miller Jeffrey T. , Thomson Murray J. , Pol Vilas G.
Published: October 2021

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for many next‐generation metal‐ion batteries due to their exceptional electrochemical performance. Their oxygen‐free structure avoids a common battery thermal runaway pathway which requires O2 liberation. Herein, the thermal runaway mechanisms of PBAs are studied from the level of material and full cell in nonaqueous sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs and KIBs). Their hidden safety issue and a novel runaway mechanism that requires no oxygen evolution are identified. The cyanide groups are released (≈51.4 wt%) as toxic cyanides above 200 °C, which also exothermically react with the electrolyte and cause the runaway. The cyanide gas generation mechanism is proposed as cathode hydrolytic disproportionation by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, and operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction studies. In addition, full‐cell level calorimetric studies reveal mitigated heat generation but lower initiation temperature of runaway from such SIBs and KIBs than conventional LiCoO2–graphite system. These results change how PBA materials are evaluated from a safety standpoint, suggesting that they cannot be regarded as safe cathodes. They also indicate the correlations between thermal safety and their crystal defects or trapped water content. The proposed thermal runaway mechanism provides insights to assist in the building of safer next‐generation batteries.
The cotton GhMYB4 gene enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Zunxin , Li Yang , Hu Laibao , Ye Yuxiu , Chen Jiamin , Li Jianan , Pei Baolei , Wang Guangpeng , Chen Siyuan , Cheng Yanhong , Huang Ganlong , Chen Xinhong , Wang Feibing
Published: October 2021

Salt and drought stresses are major environmental pressures in agriculture worldwide and affect crop productivity and quality. The previous reports of the R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (TF) genes found that overexpression of these TF genes regulated the expression of key enzyme‐encoding genes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, leading to the increased flavonoid accumulation. However, the roles of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) R2R3‐MYB transcription factor gene GhMYB4 in regulating flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance have not been investigated. In this study, the GhMYB4 gene was isolated from cotton. The observed subcellular localization in onion (Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells demonstrated that GhMYB4 was concentrated in the nucleus. A transactivation assay showed that this gene was transcriptionally active. The increased flavonoid accumulation and enhanced salt and drought tolerance of Arabidopsis overexpression plants were revealed. Under salt and drought stresses, proline and soluble sugar contents significantly increased, whereas H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents significantly decreased in transgenic plants. Further enzymatic analysis showed significant increases of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase activities in transgenic plants. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that overexpression of GhMYB4 up‐regulated the genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species scavenging in plants under salt and drought stresses. The overall results demonstrate that GhMYB4 has the potential to promote production of growth‐benefiting flavonoids and improve tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants.
A study on genotype × environment interactions for the multiple traits of maize hybrids in China
Authors: Yue Haiwang , Jiang Xuwen , Wei Jianwei , Xie Junliang , Chen Shuping , Peng Haicheng , Bu Junzhou
Published: October 2021

The correct interpretation of the adaptability and stability of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in different ecological environments is very important for plant breeders. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction biplot are the two most popular methods in the analysis of genotype × environment interaction in multienvironment trials. We conducted an experiment designed to examine and evaluate the adaptability and stability of four agronomic traits of 19 tested maize genotypes in two consecutive growth cycles across seven provinces including 37 locations using a randomized completely block design with three replicates. The combined ANOVA for all traits showed that the effect of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction were significant at 0.1% probability levels. In order to evaluate multiple agronomic traits more accurately, multitrait stability index (MTSI) as an emerging selection method based on mean performance and stability was adopted. Agronomic trait grain yield (GY) was positively correlated with grain weight per ear and growth period. In addition, it was also found that GY and bar tip length showed obvious negative correlation. The MTSI is very helpful for breeders who hope to select mean performance and stability based on a variety of agronomic traits because it provides a convenient selection process while taking into account the relevant results of the traits.
Inference of reaction kinetics for supercritical water heavy oil upgrading with a two‐phase stirred reactor model
Authors: Raghavan Ashwin , He Ping , Ghoniem Ahmed F.
Published: October 2021

We present the development and application of a two‐phase stirred reactor model for heavy oil upgrading in the presence of supercritical water (SCW), with coupled phase‐specific thermolysis reaction kinetics and multicomponent hydrocarbon–water phase equilibrium. We demonstrate the inference of oil and water phase kinetics parameters for a compact lumped reaction kinetics scheme through the application of this model to two different sets of batch reactor experiments reported in the literature. We infer that, although SCW can suppress the formation of newer polynuclear aromatics (PNA) from distillate range species, it is broadly ineffective in deterring the combination of pre‐existing PNA fragments in the oil feed. Quantification of the conversion to distillate liquids before the onset of coke formation helps arrive at a clear conclusion on whether the use of SCW in the batch reactor leads to better product outcomes for different oil feeds and operating conditions.
Differential susceptibility of distinct parts of the aquatic plant Nymphoides humboldtiana to herbivory supports the optimal defense theory
Authors: Nocchi Nathália , Pereira Renato C. , Duarte Heitor M. , Clavico Etiene E. G. , Konno Tatiana U. P. , Soares Angélica R.
Published: October 2021

Premise

The optimal defense theory (ODT) predicts that the allocation of chemical defenses in plants will be concentrated in parts or tissues that are of higher fitness value for the individuals that produce them. Chemicals are known to be allocated to certain parts of aquatic plants, and the morphological architecture of Nymphoides humboldtiana, a species that exposes its parts to different environmental factors and consumers, may be an excellent model to evaluate within‐plant susceptibility to consumers according to the ODT.

Methods

Under laboratory experimental conditions, we evaluated the defensive properties of extracts from vegetative (leaves, rhizomes, roots) and reproductive (long stem internodes, flowers, fruits) parts of N. humboldtiana against consumption by the generalist herbivorous gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata. Extracts were also subjected to chemical analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography, principal component analysis, and analysis of their relationships to defensive actions.

Results

Extracts of all vegetative and internode (reproductive) parts of N. humboldtiana exhibited defensive properties against B. glabrata, but the long stem internodes exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition. Chemical profiles of these parts were qualitatively and quantitatively different, but a major unidentified compound is presumably responsible for the higher defensive property found in internodes.

Conclusions

Our results support the ODT, since chemical defense was more effective in long stem internodes, which have a high fitness value for N. humboldtiana to keep the flowers emerged on the water surface in response to the rapid and dynamic changes in water levels typical of freshwater environments.
Phenyl‐Glutarimides: Alternative Cereblon Binders for the Design of PROTACs
Authors: Min Jaeki , Mayasundari Anand , Keramatnia Fatemeh , Jonchere Barbara , Yang Seung Wook , Jarusiewicz Jamie , Actis Marisa , Das Sourav , Young Brandon , Slavish Jake , Yang Lei , Li Yong , Fu Xiang , Garrett Shalandus H. , Yun Mi‐Kyung , Li Zhenmei , Nithianantham Stanley , Chai Sergio , Chen Taosheng , Shelat Anang , Lee Richard E. , Nishiguchi Gisele , White Stephen W. , Roussel Martine F. , Potts Patrick Ryan , Fischer Marcus , Rankovic Zoran
Published: October 2021

Targeting cereblon (CRBN) is currently one of the most frequently reported proteolysis‐targeting chimera (PROTAC) approaches, owing to favorable drug‐like properties of CRBN ligands, immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs). However, IMiDs are known to be inherently unstable, readily undergoing hydrolysis in body fluids. Here we show that IMiDs and IMiD‐based PROTACs rapidly hydrolyze in commonly utilized cell media, which significantly affects their cell efficacy. We designed novel CRBN binders, phenyl glutarimide (PG) analogues, and showed that they retained affinity for CRBN with high ligand efficiency (LE >0.48) and displayed improved chemical stability. Our efforts led to the discovery of PG PROTAC 4 c (SJ995973), a uniquely potent degrader of bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) proteins that inhibited the viability of human acute myeloid leukemia MV4‐11 cells at low picomolar concentrations (IC50=3 pM; BRD4 DC50=0.87 nM). These findings strongly support the utility of PG derivatives in the design of CRBN‐directed PROTACs.
Antibacterial metal complexes of o‐sulfamoylbenzoic acid: Synthesis, characterization, and DFT study
Authors: Siddiqui Waseeq Ahmad , Khalid Muhammad , Ashraf Adnan , Shafiq Iqra , Parvez Masood , Imran Muhammad , Irfan Ahmad , Hanif Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Usman , Sher Falak , Ali Akbar
Published: October 2021

Herein, antibacterial transition metal complexes of ML2 type having o‐sulfamoylbenzoic acid as ligand were synthesized from saccharin. All characterization techniques confirmed the syntheses of non‐ionic transition metal MnII (3), CoII (4), NiII (5), CuII (6), and ZnII (7) complexes, where mono‐anionic o‐sulfamoylbenzoic acid acts as a weak field ligand. The FT‐IR, elemental analysis, and magnetic susceptibility studies suggested octahedral and square pyramidal geometries depending on the nature of metal ions. Biological activity of these complexes was studied by using six bacterial strains. Interestingly, the bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes were inhibited to the maximum level by 6. Among aforementioned five complexes, 4 and 6 were found in crystalline form. Apart from experimental study, DFT study was also performed for entitled complexes at the M06/6‐311G(d,p) level. A comparative investigation was performed for geometrical parameters and vibrational analysis, and an agreement was obtained. Natural bonding orbital investigations expressed larger value of stabilization energy 21 kcal/mol for 3, 4, and 6 while 42 kcal/mol for 5 and 7. Furthermore, global reactivity findings also disclosed higher value of hardness (2.44–3.09 eV) for entitled chromophores, hence, showed more stability. Moreover, frontier molecular orbital (FMO) findings revealed a larger band gap (4.48–6.19 eV) with higher values of LUMO found for all complexes.
The data paper as a sociolinguistic epistemic object: A content analysis on the rhetorical moves used in data paper abstracts
Authors: Li Kai , Jiao Chenyue
Published: October 2021

The data paper is an emerging academic genre that focuses on the description of research data objects. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about this rising genre in quantitative science studies, particularly from the perspective of its linguistic features. To fill this gap, this research aims to offer a first quantitative examination of which rhetorical moves—rhetorical units performing a coherent narrative function—are used in data paper abstracts, as well as how these moves are used. To this end, we developed a new classification scheme for rhetorical moves in data paper abstracts by expanding a well‐received system that focuses on English‐language research article abstracts. We used this expanded scheme to classify and analyze rhetorical moves used in two flagship data journals, Scientific Data and Data in Brief. We found that data papers exhibit a combination of introduction, method, results, and discussion‐ and data‐oriented moves and that the usage differences between the journals can be largely explained by journal policies concerning abstract and paper structure. This research offers a novel examination of how the data paper, a data‐oriented knowledge representation, is composed, which greatly contributes to a deeper understanding of research data and its publication in the scholarly communication system.
Hybride Konstruktionen an der BTU Cottbus‐Senftenberg
Authors: Bleicher Achim , Schauer Thomas , Jirasek Robert , Höltke Tim , Zhang Yangwen , Marker Paul , Wulff Wulf , Manfrecola Johannes , Schmidt Therese
Published: October 2021

Die angestrebten Ziele einer Ressourcen‐ und Klimaneutralität erfordern ein radikaleres Umdenken der Bauschaffenden, das mit einer noch viel stärkeren Sensibilisierung der Auftraggeber für die Auswirkungen des Material‐ und Energieverbrauchs im Bausektor verbunden ist. Ein Ansatz, um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sind hybride Konstruktionen, in denen unterschiedliche Materialien, Elemente, Funktionen und Technologien auf mehreren Konstruktionsebenen ressourcen‐ und energieeffizient kombiniert sowie im Fall eines Rückbaus sortenrein rezykliert werden. Dieser anspruchsvolle Ansatz ist von Beginn an erklärtes Ziel des Lehrstuhls Hybride Konstruktionen – Massivbau an der BTU Cottbus‐Senftenberg und zieht sich durch alle Lehr‐ und Forschungsaktivitäten. Mit ausgewählten Forschungsprojekten werden Motivation und Methoden hybrider Konstruktionen sowie deren Potenzial für ressourcen‐ und klimaneutrale Konstruktionen anhand von Prototypen aufgezeigt. Hierbei steht neben der ökologischen Weiterentwicklung klassischer hybrider Konstruktionen aus nachwachsenden und rezyklierten Rohstoffen, bspw. Holz und Recyclingbeton, auch die Entwicklung aktiver hybrider Konstruktionen im Fokus. Die gezielte Integration von aktiven Technologien wie Sensorik, Aktuatorik und Regelungstechnik ermöglicht multifunktionale Konstruktionen, einen hohen Nutzungskomfort, einen geringeren Rohstoffverbrauch bis hin zur Energiegewinnung aus dynamischen Einwirkungen.
Biotechnological and industrial applications of Streptomyces metabolites
Authors: Khushboo  , Kumar Punit , Dubey Kashyap K. , Usmani Zeba , Sharma Minaxi , Gupta Vijai Kumar
Published: October 2021

Streptomyces sp. produces clinically important bioactive compounds with anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. These compounds have important roles in various fields like agriculture, and medicine, with bio‐economic benefits. Progress in genome mining has resulted in the characterization of various secondary metabolites such as lipstatin, macrolide lactones, clavulanic acid, and cholesterol oxidase. Integration of DNA sequencing with computational tools has provided information regarding the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites. This information is leading to the modulation of associated metabolic pathways to expand the biotechnological and industrial applications of metabolites. The increased utilization of bioactive compounds requires sustainable production to improve the bioeconomy. In this review, the authors discuss the bioactive compounds isolated from Streptomyces and advanced approaches to improve their production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of advanced glycation end products on nocturia or sleep disorders: A longitudinal study
Authors: Konishi Sakae , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Okita Kazutaka , Kido Koichi , Ozaki Yusuke , Uemura Nozomi , Iwane Takuro , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on nocturia and sleep disorders in community‐dwelling adults.

Materials and Methods

This longitudinal study evaluated AGEs level, sleep disorders and nocturia frequency in 447 community‐dwelling adults between May 2011 and May 2016. Sleep disorders were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. Participants were divided into two groups: AGEs‐low (≤1.80) and AGEs‐high (>1.80). The longitudinal nocturia and PSQI changes for 5 years between the AGEs‐low and AGEs‐high groups were compared. The effect of baseline oxidative stress on worsening of nocturia or PSQI score 5 years later was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

There was no significant difference in PSQI score and nocturia frequency between the AGEs‐low (n = 223) and AGEs‐high (n = 224) groups at baseline. The PSQI score and nocturia frequency increased significantly over 5 years in both groups. However, the PSQI score increased significantly in the AGEs‐high group compared with the AGEs‐low group, although there was no difference in nocturia. Background‐adjusted multivariable analysis showed that the AGE‐high was significantly associated with PSQI score worsening, but AGE‐high was not significantly associated with nocturia worsening.

Conclusions

Oxidative stress may be significantly associated with worsening sleep disorders, although oxidative stress may not significantly worsen nocturia frequency.
Improvement and validation of a computational model of flow in the swirling well cell culture model
Authors: Arshad Mehwish , Rowland Ethan M. , Riemer Kai , Sherwin Spencer J. , Weinberg Peter D.
Published: October 2021

Effects of fluid dynamics on cells are often studied by growing the cells on the base of cylindrical wells or dishes that are swirled on the horizontal platform of an orbital shaker. The swirling culture medium applies a shear stress to the cells that varies in magnitude and directionality from the center to the edge of the vessel. Computational fluid dynamics methods are used to simulate the flow and hence calculate shear stresses at the base of the well. The shear characteristics at each radial location are then compared with cell behavior at the same position. Previous simulations have generally ignored effects of surface tension and wetting, and results have only occasionally been experimentally validated. We investigated whether such idealized simulations are sufficiently accurate, examining a commonly‐used swirling well configuration. The breaking wave predicted by earlier simulations was not seen, and the edge‐to‐center difference in shear magnitude (but not directionality) almost disappeared, when surface tension and wetting were included. Optical measurements of fluid height and velocity agreed well only with the computational model that incorporated surface tension and wetting. These results demonstrate the importance of including accurate fluid properties in computational models of the swirling well method.
Prediction of allergic reaction risk of Shenmai injection based on real‐world evidence coupled with UPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Zhao Lisha , Xin Chuanwei , Dong Yu , Shen Jie , Xia Zhongni , Shou Dan , Li Gonghua
Published: October 2021

The allergic reaction (AR) of Chinese herbal injection (CHI) has become one of the most noticeable focuses of public health in China. However, it still remains a considerable controversy as to whether low‐molecular‐weight components in CHI have potential sensitization. In this study, the relationship between AR and low‐molecular‐weight component profile of Shenmai injection was explored by an interdisciplinary technology integrating real‐world evidence and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS). The AR information of hospitalized patients was obtained by comprehensively analyzing real‐world evidence from January 2015 to June 2019 at two Chinese hospitals. The UPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS was exploited to systematically investigate the low‐molecular‐weight component profile with 50–1500 m/z mass range, and 3725 MS1 peaks were detected. The optimized partial least squares discriminant analysis model was established to map the influence of low‐molecular‐weight components on AR. The results of this study showed that high levels of organic acids administered intravenously might be a potential risk factor for inducing AR. By using this method, Shenmai injection with high AR risk could be recognized precisely with 100% accuracy before clinical use.