bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transposing two optical wavelengths across SWCW and measuring response
Authors: Cassidy Derek , Healy John , Sheridan John
Published: October 2023

We create two separate self-written waveguides (SWW) within photopolymer material. The coupling of these two self-written waveguides into a self-written coupling waveguide (SWCW), which are produced through the convergence of two self-written waveguides SWWs.
Adaptive neural-network-metric based workflow for mode decomposition in multimode optical fibers
Authors: Rudamenko Roman A. , Milikov Emil A. , Zemlyakov Viacheslav V. , Gao Jiexing
Published: October 2023

Multimode fibers can be employed for mode division multiplexed communication systems with the paradigm of multiple-input multiple-output. Revealing individual modal components at the receiver side can be completed via computer vision(CV) approaches. The fully neural-network-based workflow implemented in experiment.
Sub-Nyquist Photonic Sampled Analog-to-Digital Converter with Simultaneous Operation in S, C and X-band
Authors: Subramaniyam C N Siva , Singh Karamdeep , J Sreeraj S , Srinivasan Balaji , Venkitesh Deepa
Published: October 2023

We report the experimental demonstration of a sub-Nyquist photonic analog-digital converter (PADC) with a bandwidth of 500 MHz and sensitivity of -35 dBm, -23 dBm and -16 dBm at S, C and X-band.
Efficient Intermodal Dispersive Wave Generation via Group Velocity Matching
Authors: Timmerkamp Maximilian , Fallnich Carsten
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate ten-fold conversion efficiency enhancement of intermodal soliton linear-wave scattering in a nonlinear waveguide by exploiting group velocity matching of two interacting, differently-colored pulses in orthogonal transverse modes.
Low-cost Coherent Transceivers with Quantization Noise Mitigation Function Enabled by Neural Networks
Authors: Ochiai Takuro , Shiraki Ryuta , Mori Yojiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

We investigate performance of symbol decision based on neural networks in the presence of severe quantization noise for the first time. Simulations show 2 dB improvement when 256-QAM signals are generated with 6-bit DACs.
Performing Radial Basis Function Neural Network Nonlinear Equalizer in Self-Homodyne Detection
Authors: Zheng Shuo , Yang Min , Yan Guofeng , Zhu Yanjun , Zhang Hua , Yao Chaonan , Shao Yuchen , Wang Jian
Published: October 2023

A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based nonlinear equalizer is performed in a 25Gbaud DP-128QAM 10km transmission self-homodyne detection system. A performance gain of 1dB at FEC threshold 1.1e-2 is experimentally demonstrated.
Spiking Neural Network Decision Feedback Equalization for IM/DD Systems
Authors: von Bank Alexander , Edelmann Eike-Manuel , Schmalen Laurent
Published: October 2023

A spiking neural network (SNN) equalizer with a decision feedback structure is applied to an IM/DD link with various parameters. The SNN outperforms linear and artificial neural network (ANN) based equalizers.
Investigation of a Photonic Reservoir Computing based Equalizer for Short Reach Applications
Authors: Brestas Giorgos , Kanakis Giannis , Spyropoulou Maria , Avramopoulos Hercules
Published: October 2023

We propose an optical pre-equalizer which relaxes the need for power-hungry DSP in IM/DD applications. A reservoir computing-based approach is pursued demonstrating under FEC performance up to 6km at 50Gbaud NRZ outperforming digital FFE.
THz Carrier Processing and Optical Arbitrary Waveform Measurement Employing Integrated Silicon Photonics
Authors: Freude Wolfgang , Harter Tobias , Muehlbrandt Sascha , Ummethala Sandeep , Fang Dengyang , Randel Sebastian , Koos Christian
Published: October 2023

Employing integrated silicon photonics, we report on progress in THz carrier generation and coherent reception with a plasmonic internal-photoemission device, on THz-to-optical conversion with an ultra-broadband plasmonic modulator, and on broadband optical arbitrary waveform measurement.
Adaptive Joint Pre-/Post-Equalization of Spectrum Narrowing Caused by Cascaded Photonic Nodes
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshiaki , Shiraki Ryuta , Mori Yojiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

We propose a joint pre-/post-equalization scheme that uses Bayesian optimization and the LMS algorithm for mitigating the spectrum narrowing induced by repetitive node traversals. The transmissible distance and hop-count in ultra-dense WDM networks are extended.
Designing and Operating Optical Transport Networks in 5G and Beyond Scenarios
Authors: Lashgari M. , Tonini F. , Wosinska L. , Monti P.
Published: October 2023

Deploying and operating optical transport networks is a complex task. This paper presents a few challenges operators must tackle when considering 5G and beyond scenarios and the lesson learned by addressing them.
Power-over-Fiber for C-RAN and 6G Networks
Authors: Montero David S. , Altuna Rubén , López-Cardona Juan D. , Al-Zubaidi Fahad M.A. , Vázquez Carmen
Published: October 2023

Different scenarios are reported to demonstrate the feasibility of Power over Fiber (PoF) integration with Analog Radio over Fiber (ARoF) systems in 5G C-RAN networks with optical fronthauling. PoF extension to 6G networks is discussed.
Achievement of Infrared Persistent Emission from Cr3+ and Yb3+ Ions Based on Upconversion Charging
Authors: Chen Lu , Liu Feng , Liu Yichun , Wang Xiao-jun
Published: October 2023

We have explored the charging approach of Cr3+ and Yb3+ co-doped persistent phosphor using a red laser as an upconverted excitation source and achieved infrared afterglow emission in the phosphor through the persistent energy transfer.
Perturbative Design for Quasi-isospectrality in Multidimensional Photonic Systems
Authors: Lee Dayeong , Park Hyungchul , Park Seungkyun , Park Namkyoo , Yu Sunkyu
Published: October 2023

We propose a perturbative design method for engineering quasi-isospectrality in multidimensional photonic systems. Our study provides platform-transparency alleviating mathematical strictness of supersymmetric transformation.
Design of Correlated Photonic Time Disorder for Unidirectional Scattering
Authors: Lee Dayeong , Kim Jungmin , Park Hyungchul , Lee Ikbeom , Yu Sunkyu , Park Namkyoo
Published: October 2023

We propose a theoretical approach for the realization of unidirectional light scattering without spatial patterning, enabled by correlated photonic disorder in time domain. Our study enables novel photonic devices such as spatially pattern-free color filters.
Fast Multi-channel Full-wave Solver and Inverse Design with Augmented Partial Factorization
Authors: Hsu Chia Wei
Published: October 2023

In this talk, I describe a fast full-wave Maxwell equations solver based on the “augmented partial factorization” (APF) method and our inverse design of nonlocal metasurfaces using APF.
Automated Photonic Material and Device Assembly Using Optical Tweezers
Authors: McLeod Euan
Published: October 2023

We use optical positioning and linking (OPAL) to assemble heterogeneous micro and nanoparticle building blocks into large, complex structures comprising hundreds of particles. One application of interest is augmenting microtoroid optical chemosensors for robust coupling.
Sb2S3-based optical switch exploiting the Brewster angle phenomenon [Invited]
Authors: Pérez-Francés Diego , Santos Gonzalo , Resl Josef , Losurdo Maria , Gutiérrez Yael , Moreno Fernando
Published: October 2023

Optical switches based on phase change materials (PCMs) hold great promise for various photonic applications such as telecommunications, data communication, optical interconnects, and signal processing. Their non-volatile nature as well as rapid switching speeds make them highly desirable for developing advanced and energy-efficient optical communication technologies. Ongoing research efforts in exploring new PCMs, optimizing device designs, and overcoming existing challenges are driving the development of innovative and high-performance optical switches for the next generation of photonics applications. In this study, we design and experimentally demonstrate a novel optical amplitude switch design incorporating PCM antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) based on the Brewster angle phenomenon.
Mesoscopic oblique plane microscopy via light-sheet mirroring
Authors: Daetwyler Stephan , Chang Bo-Jui , Chen Bingying , Voigt Fabian F. , Rajendran Divya , Zhou Felix , Fiolka Reto
Published: October 2023

Understanding the intricate interplay and inter-connectivity of biological processes across an entire organism is important in various fields of biology, including cardiovascular research, neuroscience, and developmental biology. Here, we present a mesoscopic oblique plane microscope (OPM) that enables whole organism imaging with high speed while revealing fine details such as endothelial nuclei. A microprism underneath the sample enhances the axial resolution and optical sectioning through total internal reflection of the light sheet. Through rapid refocusing of the light sheet, the imaging depth is extended up to threefold while keeping the axial resolution constant. Using low magnification objectives with a large field of view, we realize mesoscopic imaging over a volume of 3.7mm×1.5mm×1mm with ∼2.3µm lateral and ∼9.2µm axial resolution. Applying the mesoscopic OPM, we demonstrate in vivo and in toto whole organism imaging of the zebrafish vasculature and its endothelial nuclei, and blood flow dynamics at 12 Hz acquisition rate, resulting in a quantitative map of blood flow across the entire organism.
Gold nanoparticles-mediated nanosecond laser-induced polystyrene carbonization with highly luminescent amorphous products
Authors: Bityurin Nikita , Kudryashov Andrey , Gusev Sergey , Tatarsky Dmitry
Published: October 2023

A highly soluble Au(I) gold precursor is used to produce a nanocomposite material consisting of a polystyrene matrix and gold nanoparticles. Irradiation of such a material with nanosecond laser pulses at the plasmon resonance wavelength leads to the formation of highly luminescent black spots containing amorphous carbon, as confirmed by HR TEM analysis. A simple model, based on laser heating of a nanoparticle to a temperature of more than 2000 K and stabilization of this temperature by the endothermic process of polystyrene carbonization, fits well the dependence of the luminescent signal increment on the laser fluence.
Research on one-to-two-point FSO system based on liquid crystal variable retarder cascade polarization grating
Authors: yu xiaonan , Lin Peng , Wang Tong , Wang Quanhan , Zhang Yue , Song Yansong , dong keyan
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate a one-to-two-point free-space optical communication system based on non-mechanical beam servo device in the laboratory. After the initial pointing, two sets of liquid crystal variable retarder cascade polarization gratings to perform non-mechanical beam servo and realize switch or work simultaneously of two communication links. The non-mechanical beam steerer having a 15.44° field and a system emission efficiency higher than 77%. The corresponding response times of links at 2, 4 and 10 Hz are 46.7, 43.8 and 42.1 ms, respectively. In the quasi-static condition, the sensitivities of the two links under the data rate of 10.3125 Gbps are -23.18 and -23.01 dBm, respectively, indicating that the service transmission capability of the multi-node beam control system.
High order unconventional Fano resonance in the time domain for a freezing water microdroplet
Authors: Minin Oleg , Zhou Song , Minin Igor
Published: October 2023

As it known an examples of nanostructured light obtained with a non-charged mesoscale dielectric particle are the photonic hook and its simplest form - photonic jet, which results from the plane-wave diffraction by a dielectric particle. Tuning the ice layer thickness, one may engineer a Fano-like resonance during a freezing from the outside in water droplet. The quasi-continuum of states are the electric field of an infinite set of nonresonant spherical eigenmodes. The resonant state is the field of the whispering gallery mode. During the freezing of the water droplet it is possible to find the optimal thickness of the ice layer when these two fields interfere so that to form Fano resonance inside droplet. Our theoretical calculations have predicted the time-dependent formation of Fano resonances in a freezing the outside in water droplet. Time-varying unconventional Fano resonance with magnetic field enhancement more than electric one open new method to manipulate light–matter interactions as never thought before in a freezing water droplet.
103  GHz germanium-on-silicon photodiode enabled by an optimized U-shaped electrode
Authors: Shi Yang , Li Xiang , Zou Mingjie , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang
Published: October 2023

High-performance germanium photodiodes are crucial components in silicon photonic integrated circuits for large-capacity data communication. However, the bandwidths of most germanium photodiodes are limited by the intractable resistance–capacitance parasitic effect. Here, we introduce a unique U-shaped electrode to alleviate this issue, reducing the parasitic effect by 36% without compromising any other performance. Experimentally, a large bandwidth of 103 GHz, an optical responsivity of 0.95 A/W at 1550 nm, and a dark current as low as 1.3 nA are achieved, leading to a record high specific detectivity. This is the first breakthrough to 100 GHz bandwidth among all vertical germanium photodiodes, to the best of our knowledge. Open eye diagrams of 120 Gb/s on-off keying and 200 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude signals are well received. This work provides a promising solution for chip-based ultra-fast photodetection.
Time interval measurement with linear optical sampling at the femtosecond level
Authors: Yu Dongrui , Chen Ziyang , Yang Xuan , Xu Yunlong , Jin Ziyi , Ma Panxue , Zhang Yufei , Yu Song , Luo Bin , Guo Hong
Published: October 2023

High-precision time interval measurement is a fundamental technique in many advanced applications, including time and distance metrology, particle physics, and ultra-precision machining. However, many of these applications are confined by the imprecise time interval measurement of electrical signals, restricting the performance of the ultimate system to a few picoseconds, which limits ultrahigh precision applications. Here, we demonstrate an optical means for the time interval measurement of electrical signals that can successfully achieve femtosecond (fs) level precision. The setup is established using the optical frequency comb (OFC) based linear optical sampling (LOS) technique to realize timescale-stretched measurement. We achieve a measurement precision of 82 fs for a single LOS scan measurement and 3.05 fs for the 100-times average with post-processing, which is three orders of magnitude higher than the results of older electrical methods. The high-precision time interval measurement of electrical signals can substantially improve precision measurement technologies.
Key Impact of Molecular Structure and Orientation of Non-Fullerene Acceptors on Organic Photoconversion Devices
Authors: Kim Prof Ji-Seon
Published: October 2023

Organic photoconversion devices such as organic photovoltaic (OPV) and photodetectors (OPD) are attracting significant attention due to their potential to be lightweight, flexible, non-toxic, and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. In particular, the development of the new small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has enabled OPVs to show remarkable improvements in device efficiency. Although promising, there is still a lack of clear understanding of the impact of molecular structure and orientation of NFAs on photophysical processes critical for device performance.
Optimization of Transparent OLEDs for Visual Stimulation in Bio-applications
Authors: Chae Hyeonwook , Yoo Seunghyup
Published: October 2023

In transparent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the transmittance including the whole packaged structure needs to be maximized. We introduce an optimizing method for transparent OLEDs that resulted in 70% transmittance with a little performance drop.
Beyond-100G PON Systems for Integrated Access and Metro Networks in the B5G/6G Era
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Miura Hiroshi , Mochizuki Keita , Matsuda Keisuke
Published: October 2023

We review the latest progress in ultimate speeds of beyond 100Gb/s-class PON technologies and their embedding in future integrated optical access and metro networks, which will comprise a key optical platform for meeting the extreme requirements of beyond-5G/6G users.
Entanglement Assisted Communication over Turbulent Free-Space Optical (FSO) Link with Phase Conjugation on Idler Photons and Adaptive Optics
Authors: Nafria Vijay , Djordjevic Ivan B
Published: October 2023

To improve the reliability of entanglement-assisted (EA) communication over turbulent FSO channels we propose to perform the phase conjugation on idler photons instead of turbulence affected signal photons and use adaptive optics. We experimentally demonstrate that reliable EA communication over outdoor 1.45km FSO link, established at University of Arizona, is possible.
FFT-Size Implementation Tradeoffs for Chromatic Dispersion Compensation Filters
Authors: Bae Cheolyong , Gustafsson Oscar
Published: October 2023

FIR filtering realized in frequency domain can use different FFT sizes leading to different arithmetic complexities. The implementation results indicate that not only arithmetic complexities must be considered for minimal power consumption.
Time Synchronization Error Compensation by for Delay-Division-Multiplexing 14-GHz Bandwidth 128 RF-chain Fronthaul Link w/o DDM Deaggregation Synchronization
Authors: Lin Shih-Chien , Chang Wei-Che , Huang Yu-Jen , Lin Guan-Ting , Wei Chia-Chien , Chi Sien , Lin Chun-Ting
Published: October 2023

We proposed the first-order and third-order Volterra filter in DDM-A-RoF fronthaul link to eliminate the interference by the sampling time error and for nonlinear compensation. The performance of 14-GHz 128 RF-chain can meet 3GPP specification.
Phase Recovery of Ultrabroadband Waveforms Over Long Time Durations by Unwrapping a Photonic Spectrogram
Authors: Crockett Benjamin , Rowe Connor M.L. , Azaña José
Published: October 2023

Using electro-optic phase modulation and dispersive propagation, we recover the second- and third-order expansion of the spectral phase profile of a chirped broadband waveform with >5 THz bandwidth extending over a duration of 159 ns.
Developing contents for a digital adherence tool: A formative mixed-methods study among children and adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Swai Iraseni Ufoo , ten Bergen Lisa Lynn , Mtenga Alan , Maro Rehema , Ngowi Kennedy , Mtesha Benson , Lekashingo Naomi , Msosa Takondwa , Rinke de Wit Tobias F. , Aarnoutse Rob , Sumari-de Boer Marion
Published: October 2023

Optimal adherence (>95%) to antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains a challenge among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). Digital adherence tools (DAT) with reminder cues have proven feasible among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV), with some concerns about the risk of HIV status disclosure. We aimed to assess the needs, contents and acceptability of an SMS-based DAT among CALHIV. We first conducted a survey to understand potential barriers to using DAT among CALHIV, then tested the DAT intervention among purposively selected participants. The DAT intervention included using the Wisepill device, receiving daily reminder SMS and receiving adherence reports on how they had taken medication in the past month. The content of the reminder SMS differed over time from asking if the medication was taken to a more neutral SMS like “take care”. Afterwards, we conducted exit interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus-group discussions. We analysed quantitative findings descriptively and used thematic content analysis for qualitative data. We included 142 children and 142 adolescents in the survey, and 20 of each used the intervention. Eighty-five percent (121/142) of surveyed participants indicated they would like to receive reminder SMS. Most of them (97/121-80%) of children and 94/121(78%) of adolescents would prefer to receive daily reminders. Participants who used the DAT mentioned to be happy to use the device. Ninety percent of them had good experience with receiving reminders and agreed that the SMS made them take medication. However, 25% experienced network problems. Participants preferred neutral reminder SMSs that did not mention the word ‘medication’, but preserved confidentiality. The provided adherence reports inspired participants to improve their adherence. None of the participants experienced unwanted disclosure or stigmatisation due to DAT. However, 5% of adolescents were concerned about being monitored daily. This study showed that DAT is acceptable and provided insight of the needed SMS content for a customized DAT for CALHIV.
Need assessment for HIV drug resistance testing and landscape of current and future technologies in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Parkin Neil , Harrigan P. Richard , Inzaule Seth , Bertagnolio Silvia
Published: October 2023

Resistance to antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV is an important and evolving concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which have been impacted to the greatest extent by the HIV pandemic. Efforts to monitor the emergence and transmission of resistance over the past decade have shown that drug resistance–especially to the nucleoside analogue and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors–can (and have) increased to levels that can jeopardize the efficacy of available treatment options at the population level. The global shift to integrase-based regimens as the preferred first-line therapy as well as technological advancements in the methods for detecting resistance have had an impact in broadening and diversifying the landscape of and use case for HIV drug resistance testing. This review estimates the potential demand for HIV drug resistance tests, and surveys current testing methodologies, with a focus on their application in LMICs.
Effect and cost-effectiveness of human-centred design-based approaches to increase adolescent uptake of modern contraceptives in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania: Population-based, quasi-experimental studies
Authors: Krug Catarina , Neuman Melissa , Rosen James E. , Weinberger Michelle , Wallach Stefanie , Lagaay Mary , Punton Melanie , Prakash Annapoorna , Nsanya Mussa Kelvin , Ayieko Philip , Kapiga Saidi , Ajayi Yewande P. , Crawford Emily E. , Tenaw Eskindir , Mussa Mohammed , Shrestha Som Kumar , Bottomley Christian , Hargreaves James R. , Doyle Aoife Margaret
Published: October 2023

Around half of adolescent pregnancies in low- and middle-income countries are unintended, contributing to millions of unsafe abortions per year. Adolescents 360 (A360), a girl-centred initiative, aimed to increase voluntary uptake of modern contraceptives among adolescents in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania. We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of A360 in increasing modern contraceptive use in selected geographies. We used before-and-after cross-sectional studies of adolescent girls in four settings. Two Nigerian settings had purposefully selected comparison areas. Baseline and endline household surveys were conducted. The primary study outcome was modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR). Secondary outcomes mapped onto the A360 Theory of Change. Interpretation was aided by a process evaluation along with secular mCPR trends and self-reported A360 exposure data. Incremental design and implementation costs were calculated from implementer systems, site visits, surveys, and interviews. mCPR change was modelled into maternal disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. In Oromia, Ethiopia, mCPR increased by 5% points (95% CI 1–10; n = 1,697). In Nigeria, there was no evidence of an effect of A360 on mCPR in Nasarawa (risk ratio: 0·96, 95% CI: 0·76–1·21; n = 5,414) or in Ogun (risk ratio: 1·08, 95% CI: 0·92–1·26; n = 3,230). In Mwanza, Tanzania, mCPR decreased by 9% points (-17 to -0.3; n = 1,973). Incremental cost per DALY averted were $30,855 in Oromia, $111,416 in Nasarawa, $30,114 in Ogun, and $25,579 in Mwanza. Costs per DALY averted were 14–53 times gross domestic product per capita. A360 did not lead to increased adolescent use of modern contraceptives at a population level, except in Oromia, and was not cost-effective. This novel adolescent-centred design approach showed some promise in addressing the reproductive health needs of adolescents, but must be accompanied by efforts to address the contextual drivers of low modern contraceptive use.
Clinical characteristics and morbidity among hospitalized adults with advanced HIV disease in Uganda during ‘test and treat’ era
Authors: Tugume Lillian , Semitala Fred C. , Owachi Darius , Kagimu Enock , Kamya Moses R. , Meya David B.
Published: October 2023

Nearly four decades after the first case of AIDS was described, the global number of AIDS-related deaths has steadily declined but falls short of the elimination targets, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite interventions to promote early HIV diagnosis and treatment, hospitalization and mortality related to advanced HIV disease (AHD) remains a significant public health problem in Uganda. We assessed the HIV treatment history and causes of hospitalization among in-patients with AHD at a tertiary hospital in Uganda. In this cross-sectional study, pre-hospitalization HIV treatment history and clinical characteristics of HIV-positive in-patients with CD4<200 cells/μL or WHO stage 3 or 4 clinical events were assessed. Descriptive data were summarized using percentages and medians. Among hospitalized adults with AHD from November 2021 to June 2022, 74% (260/353) knew their HIV status prior to hospitalization and 62% (219/353) were ART experienced at presentation. The median time since ART initiation was 28 months (IQR; 2–97). Overall, 73% (258/353) had at least two etiological diagnoses and the majority (non-mutually exclusive) were diagnosed with tuberculosis (61.2%), cryptococcal meningitis (20.7%), mucosal candidiasis (16.1%) and bacterial infections (15%). In conclusion, nearly two-thirds of in-patients with advanced HIV disease were ART experienced prior to hospitalization and tuberculosis was the most common cause of hospitalization. Innovative strategies to strengthen HIV diagnosis, linkage, and retention in HIV care and to increase coverage of TB preventive therapy are urgently needed.
Pre- and postnatal exposure to legacy environmental contaminants and sensation seeking in Inuit adolescents from Nunavik
Authors: Gagnon-Chauvin Avril , Jacobson Sandra W. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Fornasier-Bélanger Mathieu , Courtemanche Yohann , Ayotte Pierre , Bélanger Richard E. , Muckle Gina , Saint-Amour Dave
Published: October 2023

Despite extensive evidence from cohort studies linking exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to numerous cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents, very few studies addressed reward sensitivity, a key dimension of emotional regulation. The present study aimed to examine associations between pre- and postnatal exposure to these environmental neurotoxicants and sensation seeking, a behavioral feature of reward. A total of 207 Inuit adolescents (mean age = 18.5, SD = 1.2) from Nunavik, Canada, completed the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-4) and Sensation Seeking– 2 (SS-2), two self-report questionnaires assessing proneness to sensation seeking. Prenatal, childhood and adolescent exposure to Pb, Hg and PCBs were measured in cord blood at birth and blood samples at 11 years of age and at time of testing. Multiple linear regression models were performed, potential confounders including participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and nutrient fish intake were considered. Results showed that higher child blood levels of Pb (b = -0.18, p = 0.01) and PCB-153 (b = -0.16, p = 0.06) were associated with lower BSSS-4 total scores, while cord and adolescent blood PCB-153 levels were significantly related to lower SS2 total scores (b = -0.15, p = 0.04; b = -0.24, p = 0.004). Such associations persisted after further adjustment for co-exposure to concurrent contaminants. These associations were influenced by self-report positive affect and marginally moderated by sex. Sex differences were only observed for child PCB exposure, with the association for risk-taking sensation seeking observed only in girls but not in boys. Further research is warranted to assess the extent to which reduced sensation seeking in chronically exposed individuals affects their behaviors, well-being, and emotional regulation.
The role of perceived autonomy support and fear of failure: A weekly diary study on work-related rumination
Authors: Manuoglu Elif
Published: October 2023

Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examined the weekly fluctuations in different forms of work-related rumination depending on perceived autonomy support and fear of failure at the workplace. Work-related rumination has three dimensions, affective rumination (negative emotions or affect), problem-solving pondering (thinking over the actions to handle the problems), and psychological detachment (mentally distancing oneself from work during nonwork time). In total, 111 employees (Mage = 34.88, SD = 10.43) from various occupations were followed over the course of three weeks via weekly measurements, resulting in 333 matched observations. Multilevel random coefficient modeling showed that on the weeks when employees reported higher levels of perceived autonomy support from the leader, they engaged in affective rumination and problem-solving pondering less. However, weekly fluctuations in psychological detachment from work was not associated with perceived autonomy support. Moreover, on the weeks when employees experienced high fear of failure, they reported less psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Lastly, within-and and between-person fear of failure moderated the negative link between perceived autonomy support and affective rumination. Findings showed that perceived autonomy support is a protective factor for employees high in both state and trait fear of failure in decreasing affective rumination. Directions for future research and implication for practice were discussed.
Global economic costs of alien birds
Authors: Evans Thomas , Angulo Elena , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Turbelin Anna , Courchamp Franck
Published: October 2023

The adverse impacts of alien birds are widespread and diverse, and associated with costs due to the damage caused and actions required to manage them. We synthesised global cost data to identify variation across regions, types of impact, and alien bird species. Costs amount to US$3.6 billion, but this is likely a vast underestimate. Costs are low compared to other taxonomic groups assessed using the same methods; despite underreporting, alien birds are likely to be less damaging and easier to manage than many other alien taxa. Research to understand why this is the case could inform measures to reduce costs associated with biological invasions. Costs are biassed towards high-income regions and damaging environmental impacts, particularly on islands. Most costs on islands result from actions to protect biodiversity and tend to be low and one-off (temporary). Most costs at mainland locations result from damage by a few, widespread species. Some of these costs are high and ongoing (permanent). Actions to restrict alien bird invasions at mainland locations might prevent high, ongoing costs. Reports increased sharply after 2010, but many are for local actions to manage expanding alien bird populations. However, the successful eradication of these increasingly widespread species will require a coordinated, international response.
Microbial community function and bacterial pathogen composition in pit latrines in peri-urban Malawi
Authors: Smith Savanna K. , Risk Benjamin B. , Holm Rochelle H. , Tilley Elizabeth , Chigwechokha Petros , Capone Drew , Brown Joe , de los Reyes Francis L.
Published: October 2023

Despite the widespread global reliance on pit latrines as improved sanitation systems, the decomposition of waste within pit latrines is poorly understood. One area needing elucidation is the characterization and function of microbial communities within pit latrines. To address this gap, we characterized the microbial communities of 55 lined pit latrines at three sampling layers from two communities in peri-urban Malawi. The microbial communities of the fecal sludge samples were analyzed for beta diversity, pathogen presence, and functional profiling. Household surveys were conducted and used to compare microbial community patterns to household characteristics and pit latrine use patterns. Compared to activated sludge, anaerobic digestion in municipal wastewater systems, and human gut microbiomes, pit latrines were found to contain unique microbial communities. While the microbial community composition as a whole did not vary by sampling depth, pathogen composition varied by sampling depth, location, and household water source. The inferred microbial function also varied by depth (e.g., increase in methanogens and decrease in aerobes with depth). The richness of lined pit latrines determined from surface samples from eight latrines was found to be representative for a given area. Samples from middle and lower depths collected using a Gulper pump did not provide more information on richness, a result that informs future sampling designs. These findings are important for improving waste-based epidemiology (WBE) approaches to understand community health and waste degradation characterization of lined pit latrines.
La "saga de los Sánchez", su implicación histórica y su contribución en el desarrollo urbanístico de Orihuela
Authors: Montoro Sánchez Elisa
Published: October 2023

Este artículo se dedica a estudiar a una familia que se dedicó a la arquitectura en la ciudad de Orihuela. La historia se remonta al estudio del árbol genealógico, donde ya a parecen personas con la misma profesión. La investigación se ha limitado a empezar por el siglo XIX, con Francisco Sánchez García y sus hijos Joaquín, Ignacio y Severiano. Se estudian obras de estas personas y su relación con la construcción y el desarrollo urbanístico de Orihuela. La importancia de los edificios de los que fueron autores estos técnicos, que eran Maestros de Obras, Aparejador y Arquitecto, que sirvieron al desarrollo de Orihuela, se convirtieron en monumentos po los siguientes Planes Urbanísticos. El desarrollo urbanístico de Orihuela se realiza sobre todo a partir del Plan de Ensanche de Orihuela, redactado por Severiano Sánchez Ballesta de 1927.
INFLUENCE OF RIPARIAN FOREST AND TEMPERATURE ON PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF TROPICAL STREAMS
Authors: Oliveira Thaynara Martins , Wastowski Isabela Jubé , Carneiro Fernanda Melo
Published: October 2023

Primary production is a key feature for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The trophic state of the streams reflects this primary production and is influenced by local limnological variables and level of integrity of the watershed. Thus, in this study, habitat integrity index (HII) and physical, chemical, and biological parameters of tropical streams were sampled in two sub-basins to understand the functioning of these ecosystems. We hypothesized that the variables association to the environmental integrity should determine the primary production in the streams. Because of the similar land use in the sub-basins (ex.: agriculture and livestock) they will show similar limnological variables. To identify how the streams differed in relation to their limnological characterization and the HII, we performed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The association between variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation analysis. To identify the difference between the two basins, a Student's Test was performed. The best predictors of primary production were determined using a multiple regression analysis with the Akaike selection criteria. The concentration of chlorophyll-a in the surface water indicated that the tropical streams sampled have, in general, low concentrations of nutrients, except for some more urban points. The variables that most differed among streams were blue-green cells/ml, pH, conductivity, and width of the riparian forest. Only redox potential and pH differed between the two watersheds. Temperature, blue-green cells/ml and width of the riparian forest were the variables that best predicted the phytoplankton primary production of watercourses in both watersheds. In this study we reinforce the importance of temperature in aquatic productivity, even more present in the face of climate change, which, added to deforestation, increases the surface area of sunlight in water courses, increases primary productivity and the eutrophication process.Keywords: blue-green algae; chemical variables; chlorophyll-a; HII; phytoplankton.
Impacts of entrepreneurship education on brazilian undergraduate students: An empirical study comparing compulsory and elective disciplines
Authors: Arruda Carlos , Burcharth Ana , Barcellos Erika Penido , Lourencini Samara Paganini
Published: October 2023

Objective of the study: This study assesses the impact of entrepreneurial education on students of entrepreneurship courses at the undergraduate level of Brazilian universities. Methodology: The methodology adopted was pre/post based on the collection of primary survey data among 398 entrepreneurship students of 10 undergraduate courses from six Brazilian universities, involving twelve professors. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis and paired t-tests to compare means. Main results: Entrepreneurship elective courses have a greater positive impact (especially for entrepreneurial attitudes, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention) for undergraduate students, when compared to mandatory courses, which negatively impacted entrepreneurial attitudes, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intention. Theoretical / methodological contributions: The development of a framework to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial education based on the recent entrepreneurship literature representing an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior that includes entrepreneurial knowledge and competencies. Relevance / originality: The application of a rigorous methodology (pre/post intervention) with application of paired t-tests and the comparison between elective and mandatory entrepreneurship courses in large database.
Az apák iskolával kapcsolatos bevonódása és az ezt befolyásoló
tényezők egy interjús kutatás tükrében
Authors: Csák Zsolt , Fényes Hajnalka
Published: October 2023

Tanulmányunkban az apák iskolával kapcsolatos bevonódási formáit,
illetve az erre ható tényezőket vizsgáljuk kvalitatív interjús módszerrel.
A nemzetközi szakirodalom szerint az apai bevonódás hasonló hatású a
gyermek tanulmányi eredményességére, mint az anyáké, azonban az apák
kevésbé és más formában vonódnak be, mint az anyák. Epstein és Sanders
nyomán megkülönböztetjük az otthoni és iskolai bevonódást, emellett Pleckre
építve a bevonódásra ható tényezőket is megpróbáljuk beazonosítani az
interjúk mentén. Ezek alkotják az interjúink témaanalízisében a deduktív
kódolás alapját. Empirikus vizsgálatunkban 14 kisgyermekes apa vett részt,
és a feldolgozás kézi hibrid kódolással történt. Eredményeink szerint az
apákra saját apjuk bevonódási mintája és feleségük támogató attitűdje volt
legnagyobb hatással. A plecki hatótényezők mellett az induktív kódolás azt
is kimutatta, hogy az is csökkentette az apák iskolai részvételét, ha az
apa alacsonyabb iskolai végzettsége miatt nem lehetett egyenrangú partnere
a tanároknak. Emellett az apák feleslegesnek tartották az iskolai
részvételt akkor is, ha az iskolára csupán egy információs csatornaként
tekintettek, ahol az anya mindent továbbított számukra. Az apák nagyobb
iskolai bevonódását az „apakompatibilisebb” szülőket bevonó programok
(sport, szabadtéri főzés), illetve az anyák meggyőzése jelentheti arról,
hogy szükség van az apák aktívabb iskolai részvételére.
Műszaki végzettségű pályakezdők transzverzális kompetenciái a
digitalizáció korában
Authors: Kelemen-Erdős Anikó , Beke Éva
Published: October 2023

A digitalizált és összekapcsolt rendszerek, hálózatok, az adat- és
kibervédelem csakúgy, mint az Ipar 4.0 kiterjesztése karöltve az ember-gép
interakciókra épülő Ipar 5.0 robotikai megoldásaival megkövetelnek újabb
kompetenciákat és elvárásokat. Az intelligens gyárak és termelés
versenyképességének alapvető feltétele, hogy a vállalatok az új technológia
adaptációja mellett korszerű, a toborzáshoz szükséges releváns
kompetenciarendszert alkalmazzanak. A kutatás célja a műszaki pályakezdők
transzverzális kompetenciáinak feltárása az Ipar 4.0 és az Ipar 5.0
szakmai, gyakorlati kihívásait alapul véve, valamint az ehhez kapcsolódó
képzési igény azonosítása. A kutatás feltáró jellegű kvalitatív vizsgálat
keretében 24 vezető szakértővel készített mélyinterjú alapján tárja fel a
műszaki pályakezdők elvárt kompetenciáit, melyek indikátorként
hozzájárulhatnak a műszaki felsőoktatási intézmények kimeneti
kompetenciáinak meghatározásához. A kutatás konstruktív grounded theory
módszertan alapján történt. A kutatási eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a
transzverzális kompetenciák terén az ipari igények a multidiszciplinaritás
irányába mutatnak, a komplex megközelítésmód egyre inkább elvárás a
hallgatók felé. Az ipar és a felsőoktatás, illetve a hallgatók szorosabb
kapcsolata elősegítheti az aktuális igényekhez kapcsolódó transzverzális
kompetenciák fejlesztését. Ehhez járulhatnak hozzá a vállalatlátogatások,
szakmai versenyek, mentorprogramok, továbbá a képzés során olyan módszerek
alkalmazása, melyek amellett, hogy az oktatásba integrálják a
digitális-virtuális technológiákat, a szociális és érzelmi intelligencia
fejlesztésére, a tanulásélmény fokozására helyezik a hangsúlyt, mint
például a projekt és a design alapú, illetve agilis oktatási módszerek,
személyre szabott modulok.
30 años de investigación en maltrato infantil: un análisis bibliométrico (1991-2020)
Authors:   Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, Vega-Arce Maribel , Núñez-Ulloa Gastón ,   Carrera de Fonoaudiología, Universidad Autónoma de Talca, Chile, Kanelos Torres Francisca ,   Carrera de Fonoaudiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile, Salas Gonzalo ,   Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, Barboza-Palomino Miguel ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú, López-López Wilson ,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia, Ho Yuh-Shan ,   Trend Research Centre, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwán
Published: October 2023

Introducción: el maltrato infantil es un problema global que afecta el desarrollo de los niños y las niñas, pudiendo tener consecuencias a lo largo de su vida. A pesar de la necesidad de investigar para erradicar este fenómeno, no se ha realizado una aproximación bibliométrica de sus avances recientes. Método: este estudio examinó 16 708 artículos sobre maltrato infantil indexados en la Web of Science entre 1991 y 2020 para establecer las tendencias de investigación. Resultados: el maltrato infantil es un campo activo, influenciado principalmente por Estados Unidos, Canadá y Reino Unido, y revistas de la categoría estudios de la familia, especialmente Child Abuse & Neglect. Los artículos más relevantes abordan el tema como parte de las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia o se centran en su evaluación. Considerando los artículos más relevantes, los temas más estudiados (sujetos, investigación, maltrato y tipos de maltrato, familia y parentalidad, y trastornos) y los principales focos (maltrato, investigación, sexo, reportes y abuso sexual), es posible que el área se esté reestructurando desde la perspectiva del ecobiodesarrollo, con énfasis en el tratamiento y la prevención. Se discuten sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas. Conclusiones: este estudio actualiza las tendencias de investigación en el campo del maltrato infantil, proporcionando un panorama comprensivo que sugiere una evolución hacia la integración de múltiples disciplinas y enfoques. Los resultados destacan la importancia de seguir investigando este problema global, así como la necesidad de evaluar las intervenciones existentes para reducir su impacto en el desarrollo de los niños y las niñas.
Adaptation of the Russian version of the activity index of systemic lupus erythematosus EASY-BILAG
Authors: Shumilova A. A. , Cheldieva F. A. , Nurbaeva K. S. , Lisitsyna T. A. , Carter L. M. , Vital E. M. , Reshetnyak T. M.
Published: October 2023

Assessment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity is important to determine the efficacy of treatment and to decide on further therapy. Russian-language versions of activity indices are needed to meet the needs of Russian-speaking patients and clinicians and to facilitate the use of these tools in clinical practice. An important step in this direction is the adaptation of the EASY-BILAG index, which is used to more accurately assess disease activity and select appropriate therapy in patients with SLE.
Molecular mechanisms regulating uric acid metabolism in the human intestine, systematic literature review
Authors: Konyshko N. A. , Konyshko G. S.
Published: October 2023

This review presents recent data on direct and indirect pathogenetic relationships between metabolism of purine compounds and biochemical processes in cells of the digestive system. A comprehensive analysis of available modern publications for the period from 2000 to 2022 in the Scopus, PubMed, eLIIBRARY, and Google Scholar databases was performed. The hypothesis linking the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia to “renal overload” suggests that the disease may develop due to impaired renal excretion with insufficient excretion of uric acid (UA) via the intestine. Some of the UA transport systems work actively in hepatocytes and enterocytes, which determines their formation and excretion. UA transporter proteins are divided into two categories: urate reabsorption transporters and urate excretion transporters; their expression is regulated by transcription factors, hormones, and metabolites of the intestinal microflora. The influence of intestinal microbiota on UA metabolism is associated with its involvement in purine metabolism, degradation and excretion of UA together with metabolites of intestinal flora, and suppression of gout inflammation, and is evaluated as a new therapeutic potential for gout and hyperuricemia to prevent renal damage and urolithiasis.