bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary music therapy for cancer patients in at-home palliative care and their caregivers: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Valero-Cantero Inmaculada , Martínez-Valero Francisco Javier , Espinar-Toledo Milagrosa , Casals Cristina , Barón-López Francisco Javier , Vázquez-Sánchez María Ángeles
Published: May 2020

Background

Patients with advanced cancer, receiving at-home palliative care, are subject to numerous symptoms that are changeable and often require attention, a stressful situation that also impacts on the family caregiver. It has been suggested that music therapy may benefit both the patient and the caregiver. We propose a study to analyse the efficacy and cost utility of a music intervention programme, applied as complementary therapy, for cancer patients in palliative care and for their at-home caregivers, compared to usual treatment.

Method

A randomised, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial will be performed in cancer patients in at-home palliative care and their family caregivers. The study population will include two samples of 40 patients and two samples of 41 caregivers. Participants will be randomly assigned either to the intervention group or to the control group. The intervention group will receive a seven-day programme including music sessions, while the control group will receive seven sessions of (spoken word) therapeutic education. In this study, the primary outcome measure is the assessment of patients’ symptoms, according to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, and of the overload experienced by family caregivers, measured by the Caregiver Strain Index. The secondary outcomes considered will be the participants’ health-related quality of life, their satisfaction with the intervention, and an economic valuation.

Discussion

This study is expected to enhance our understanding of the efficacy and cost-utility of music therapy for cancer patients in palliative care and for their family caregivers. The results of this project are expected to be applicable and transferrable to usual clinical practice for patients in home palliative care and for their caregivers. The approach described can be incorporated as an additional therapeutic resource within comprehensive palliative care. To our knowledge, no previous high quality studies, based on a double-blind clinical trial, have been undertaken to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of music therapy. The cost-effectiveness of the project will provide information to support decision making, thereby improving the management of health resources and their use within the health system.

Trial registration

The COMTHECARE study is registered at Clinical Trials.gov,NCT04052074. Registered 9 August, 2019.
Is there a non-linear relationship between dietary protein intake and prostate-specific antigen: proof from the national health and nutrition examination survey (2003–2010)
Authors: Song Jukun , Chen Chi , He Song , Chen Weiming , Su Jiaming , Yuan Dongbo , Sun Fa , Zhu Jianguo
Published: May 2020

Background

Growing evidence demonstrated that dietary protein intake may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and elevate the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, proof for the correlation between dietary protein intake and PSA in American adults without prostate tumor history is limited. Our goal was to investigate the association of dietary protein intake with PSA using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003–2010) database.

Methods

After the screening, 6403 participants were included in the study. The interested independent is the dietary protein intake, and the dependent variable is PSA levels, the covariates included demographic, dietary, biological data, and physical examination variables. A weighted linear model and a weighted linear regression model were used to examine the distribution of variables in the covariate differences between the different independent groups according to quartiles. Four models were used to survey the association between dietary protein intake and PSA. We also attempted to find a nonlinear relationship between dietary protein intake and PSA using the GAM model and the penalty spline method and further solved the nonlinear problem using weighted two-piecewise linear model.

Results

The weighted multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that dietary protein intake was not independently associated with PSA levels after adjusting potential confounders (β = 0.015, 95%CI:-0.024, 0.055). However, we found the non-linear relationship between dietary protein intake and PSA, whose point was 18.18 g (per 10 g change). The magnitude and confidence intervals for the left and right inflection points are − 0.03 (− 0.09, 0.02) and 0.22 (0.07, 0.36), respectively. On the right side of the inflection point, one gram of increment in protein intake was associated with increased PSA levels by 0.22 (log2 transformation: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.36).

Conclusions

After adjusting for potential covariates, the non-linear correlation between dietary protein intake and PSA was observed. When dietary protein intake exceeded the threshold of 181.8 g, dietary protein intake was positively correlated with elevated PSA levels.
Successful pregnancy after complete resection of leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminate without recurrence:a case report with next-generation sequencing analysis and literature review
Authors: Bu Hualei , Jin Chengjuan , Fang Yan , Ma Yana , Wang Xiao , Chen Jingying , Chen Lijun
Published: May 2020

Background

Peritoneal leiomyomatosis disseminate (LPD) is a rare disease characterized by widespread dissemination of leiomyomas nodules throughout the peritoneal and omental surfaces. Reports of pregnancy with LPD are even rarer. Therefore, there is no clear consensus on the treatment of LPD on pregnancy, and the pathogenesis is still unclear.

Case presentation

We reported a case of LPD patient who developed during pregnancy. The patient underwent a cesarean section at 32 weeks of gestation while removing all visible tumors, and no LPD lesions were seen in the subsequent cesarean section at full term. NGS of LPD lesions detected 4 mutations with focal high-level amplifications of CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinases 4), NBN (Nibrin), DAXX (death domain associated protein), and MYC (myelocytomatosis oncogene). Immunohistochemistry staining analysis among benign leiomyoma, LPD, and leiomyosarcoma verified that LPD was an unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors. Besides, LPD is a hormonal-dependent leiomyoma. After a detailed literature search, we summarized the detailed clinical features and follow-up information of patients with LPD during pregnancy.

Conclusions

This is the first reported LPD case of successful term pregnancy without recurrence, following resection of all visible lesions in a prior pregnancy. LPD is an unusual intermediate between benign and malignant uterine smooth muscle tumors.
Does body mass index impact assisted reproductive technology treatment outcomes in gestational carriers
Authors: Fuchs Weizman Noga , Defer Miranda K. , Montbriand Janice , Pasquale Julia M. , Silver Adina , Librach Clifford L.
Published: May 2020

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess whether increased body mass index (BMI) negatively affects assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among gestational carriers.

Methods

A retrospective matched case-control cohort, including all gestational carrier (GC) cycles performed at CReATe Fertility Centre (Toronto, ON, Canada) between 2003 and 2016.

Setting

A Canadian fertility clinic, with a large surrogacy program.

Patients

All gestational carriers that had undergone a cycle completed to a transfer at our clinic, and had BMI and outcome data available, were matched by BMI to infertile patients treated at our clinic during the same years provided they had undergone a cycle completed to a transfer, and had outcomes data available.

Interventions

None.

Main outcome measures

Clinical pregnancies rates, miscarriage rates and live birth rates.

Results

BMI was not a reliable prediction factor of any of the measured outcomes. Importantly, the gestational carrier population had better outcomes and a significantly lower overall incidence of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications when compared with infertile patients, treated at our clinic during the same years.

Conclusion

BMI is not a reliable predictor of outcomes among gestational carriers.
Prolonged astrocyte-derived erythropoietin expression attenuates neuronal damage under hypothermic conditions
Authors: Toriuchi Kohki , Kakita Hiroki , Tamura Tetsuya , Takeshita Satoru , Yamada Yasumasa , Aoyama Mineyoshi
Published: May 2020

Background

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has a high morbidity rate and involves severe neurologic deficits, including cerebral palsy. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to decrease the mortality rate and provide neuroprotection in infants with HIE. However, death and disability rates in HIE infants treated with TH remain high. Although the cellular mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of TH remains unclear, astrocytic erythropoietin (EPO) is known to be a key mediator of neuroprotection under hypoxic conditions. In the present study, we investigated the hypothermia effect on EPO expression in astrocytes and determined whether hypothermia attenuates neuronal damage via EPO signaling.

Methods

Astrocytes derived from rat cerebral cortex were cultured under oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). The expression of EPO and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor of EPO, was assessed. After OGD, astrocytes were cultured under normothermic (37 °C) or hypothermic (33.5 °C) conditions, and then EPO and HIF expression was assessed. After OGD, rat cortical neurons were cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) derived from the hypothermic group, and neuronal apoptosis was evaluated.

Results

OGD induced EPO mRNA and protein expression, although at lower levels than hypoxia alone. HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein expression increased under hypoxia alone and OGD, although OGD increased HIF-2α protein expression less than hypoxia alone. EPO gene and protein expression after OGD was significantly higher under hypothermia. Moreover, expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein was enhanced under hypothermia. In the presence of ACM derived from hypothermic astrocytes following OGD, the number of cleaved caspase 3 and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive apoptotic neurons was lower than in the presence of ACM from normothermic astrocytes following OGD. Blockade of EPO signaling using anti-EPO neutralization antibody attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of ACM derived from hypothermic astrocytes following OGD.

Conclusions

Hypothermia after OGD stabilized HIF-EPO signaling in astrocytes, and upregulated EPO expression could suppress neuronal apoptosis. Investigating the neuroprotective effect of EPO from astrocytes under hypothermic conditions may contribute to the development of novel neuroprotection-based therapies for HIE.
Effects of the sperm DNA fragmentation index on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles
Authors: Chen Linjun , Fang Junshun , Jiang Weihua , Wang Jie , Li Dong
Published: May 2020

Background

Most studies have mainly focused on the effects of the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on fertilization, embryonic developmental potential and aneuploidy, pregnancy and abortion rates after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and have remained controversial. However, few studies have reported the effects of sperm DFI on neonatal outcomes, including stillbirths, neonatal deaths, sex, gestational age, prematurity, birthweight, low birth weight (LBW) and birth defects in newborns. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of sperm DFI on the clinical and neonatal outcomes of ICSI cycles.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed a total of 2067 oocyte retrieval, 1139 transfer and 713 delivery cycles from conventional ICSI cycles, including 301, 469, and 214 live-born infants in groups segregated according to sperm DFI as the < 15%, 15–30% and >  30% groups, respectively. The clinical and neonatal outcomes were compared among the three groups.

Results

Sperm DFI did not significantly affect the rates of fertilization, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage or ongoing pregnancy. Sperm DFI did not increase the risk of stillbirths or neonatal deaths. The rates of stillbirths and neonatal deaths were not significantly different among the three groups. The sex, gestational age, prematurity, birthweight and LBW of newborns in the three groups were not significantly affected by sperm DFI. Moreover, sperm DFI did not increase the number of birth defects in children.

Conclusions

Sperm DFI did not affect the clinical or neonatal outcomes of ICSI cycles.
Acute conversion of patient-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy iPSC into myotubes reveals constitutive and inducible over-activation of TGFβ-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling
Authors: Caputo Luca , Granados Alice , Lenzi Jessica , Rosa Alessandro , Ait-Si-Ali Slimane , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Albini Sonia
Published: May 2020

Background

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), DYSTROPHIN deficiency exposes myofibers to repeated cycles of contraction/degeneration, ultimately leading to muscle loss and replacement by fibrotic tissue. DMD pathology is typically exacerbated by excessive secretion of TGFβ and consequent accumulation of pro-fibrotic components of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM), which in turn impairs compensatory regeneration and complicates the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. It is currently unclear whether DMD skeletal muscle fibers directly contribute to excessive activation of TGFβ. Development of skeletal myofibers from DMD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), as an “in dish” model of disease, can be exploited to determine the myofiber contribution to pathogenic TGFβ signaling in DMD and might provide a screening platform for the identification of anti-fibrotic interventions in DMD.

Methods

We describe a rapid and efficient method for the generation of contractile human skeletal muscle cells from DMD patient-derived hiPSC, based on the inducible expression of MyoD and BAF60C (encoded by SMARCD3 gene), using an enhanced version of piggyBac (epB) transposone vectors. DMD iPSC-derived myotubes were tested as an “in dish” disease model and exposed to environmental and mechanical cues that recapitulate salient pathological features of DMD.

Results

We show that DMD iPSC-derived myotubes exhibit a constitutive activation of TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling. High-content screening (HCS)-based quantification of nuclear phosphorylated SMAD2/3 signal revealed that DMD iPSC-derived myotubes also exhibit increased activation of the TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling following exposure to either recombinant TGFβ or electrical pacing-induced contraction.

Conclusions

Acute conversion of DMD patient-derived iPSC into skeletal muscles, by the ectopic expression of MyoD and BAF60C, provides a rapid and reliable protocol for an “in dish” DMD model that recapitulates key pathogenic features of disease pathology, such as the constitutive activation of the TGFβ/SMAD signaling as well as the deregulated response to pathogenic stimuli, e.g., ECM-derived signals or mechanical cues. Thus, this model is suitable for the identification of new therapeutic targets in DMD patient-specific muscles.
Over view for the truth of COVID -19 pandemic: A guide for the Pathologists, Health care workers and community
Authors: Bukhari Mulazim Hussain , Mahmood Khalid , Zahra Syeda Ailia
Published: May 2020

Pakistan is in the grip of COVID-19, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 26 February 2020, and the number of infected people and mortality is rising gradually. The health workers, doctors, pathologists and laboratory staff are front line fighters who are facing the risk. Few things are important for public and health workers, human behavior is at the core of preparedness and response i.e, personal protective measures, (handwashing, face masks, respiratory etiquette, surface and objects cleansing), social distancing and travel measures because the virus spreads through the  respiratory channels, eyes, nose and mouth. While working in the Pathology labs, use the personal protection equipment (PPE), during the work in the duty. Avoiding the over duties and long shifts. It is good to keep the immune system healthy by taking a healthy balanced diet, vitamin supplements, and a night of proper sleep. It is also important to avoid taking food during duties and avoid making close contact without wearing safety dress.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2519

How to cite this:Bukhari MH, Mahmood K, Zahra SA. Over view for the truth of COVID-19 pandemic: A guide for the Pathologists, Health care workers and community’. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S111-S114. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2519

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ СТРАТЕГИИ НЕГАТИВНОЙ ВЕЖЛИВОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВЫСТУПЛЕНИЙ Б. ДЖОНСОНА И Д. КОРБИНА)
Authors: Ladonina Natalia Alexandrovna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной теме – языковым особенностям реализации стратегии негативной вежливости в политическом дискурсе. Предметом анализа выступают речевые тактики, позволяющие реализовать указанную коммуникативную стратегию в английском языке.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляет – теория вежливости в сочетании со стратегическим подходом к изучению коммуникативно-прагматических характеристик современного политического дискурса.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор, исходя из понятия вежливости как национально-специфической коммуникативной категории, дифференцирует феномены «позитивная вежливость» и «негативная вежливость». Автор приходит к выводу, что реализация стратегии негативной вежливости в современном англоязычном политическом дискурсе осуществляется посредством специфических речевых тактик (соблюдения речевых формальностей и коммуникативной дистанции; намеренной неопределенности и расплывчатости высказываний; противопоставления собственных достижений негативным ожиданиям оппонента; демонстрации успеха в выполнении своих обещаний; самопрезентации).Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в разработке языкового инструментария, позволяющего эффективно доносить политические идеи.
ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ АРАБСКОГО ЯЗЫКА В РАЗРЯДЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО КОЛИЧЕСТВА
Authors: Mingazova Nailya Gabdelkhamitovna
Published: May 2020

Цель. В данной статье проводится лексико-грамматический анализ имен числительных в арабском языке (афразийская языковая семья), включающих количественные, порядковые и дробные виды данного разряда слов. Имена числительные, выражая точные числовые значения, рассматриваются в структуре количественности в разряде определенного количества. Арабские числительные выполняют функции существительного, прилагательного, местоимения или наречия по своим грамматическим характеристикам.Метод проведения работы. В основе исследования находится теоретический метод анализа материала.Результаты. Выявлены противоречия в передаче числительных цифрами и их словесной записью в письменной речи: обратный словесный порядок единиц и десятков при обозначении единиц второго десятка, составных числительных от 21 до 99. Прослеживается скрытая категоризация чисел по классам в форме класса «малого числа». Выделяются морфологические показатели количественности в форме окончаний двойственного числа для количественных и дробных числительных, и множественного числа для количественных числительных. Порядковые числительные нейтральны с позиции грамматического числа.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при дальнейшем исследовании категории количества.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ С НАИМЕНОВАНИЯМИ НАСЕКОМЫХ В АНГЛИЙСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ
Authors: Polyakova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Провести подробный сравнительный анализ фразеологизмов с наименованиями насекомых в английском и русском языках, чтобы выявить качества и характеристики человека, маркируемых этими наименованиями в английской и русской лингвокультурах.Актуальность. Исследование фразеологии позволяет выявить различия в картинах мира разных народов, в частности представления о значимых качествах и характеристиках человека, в данном случае представителей русской и английской лингвокультур.Материалы и методы. Основные методы исследования – сравнительный анализ фразеологизмов в английском и русском языках и метод компонентного анализа единиц языка. Исследование проводится на материале фразеологических и толковых словарей русского и английского языков, а также прецедентных текстов.Результаты. В результате проведенного анализа фразеологизмов с наименованиями насекомых и исследования семантической структуры этих наименований в русском и английском языках был составлен список качеств и характеристик человека, связанных со внешностью, характером и поведением, и значимых в рамках рассматриваемых лингвокультур.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при составлении словарных статей, содержащих наименования насекомых, в толковых и фразеологических словарях русского и английского языка, как одноязычных, так и двуязычных. Кроме этого, материалы исследования могут быть использованы в разработке курсов по фразеологии, лексикологии, лингвокультурологии и переводоведению.
ИНТЕНСИФИКАТОРЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ЭКСПРЕССИИ ТЕКСТОВ ПЕРЕВОДА НАУЧНО-ПОПУЛЯРНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Authors: Verzhinskaya Inna Vladimirovna , Nikolaeva Daria Igorevna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию маркеров экспрессивности текстов оригинала и перевода научно-популярной литературы. Предметом исследования выступают лексико-грамматические конструкции научно-популярного текста. Авторы ставят целью выявить и сопоставить тексты оригинала и перевода конструкций, чей экспрессивный потенциал помогает реализовывать когнитивную функцию научной информации.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют следующие методы: сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ, теоретический анализ литературных источников, обобщение и систематизация. На примере научно-популярной книги «Большое космическое путешествие» Н.Д. Тайсона исследователями устанавливаются сходства и различия экспрессивных конструкций в оригинале и в переводе.Результаты. На основе проведённого анализа установлено, что переводчик адаптирует текст перевода под нормы и культуру переводящего языка, при этом соблюдая структуру научного стиля и проявляя творческие способности. Экспрессивный потенциал текста может выражаться в массе грамматических конструкций, языковых средств, в юморе, отступлениях от темы и прочих стилистических особенностях, которые исследуются в работе.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут быть применены в курсах и лекциях по теории перевода, а также в самом процессе переводческой деятельности, поскольку структура текстов научно-популярного стиля не исключает элементы вариативности.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ «ЧЕТВЁРТОЙ СТЕНЫ» В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ДЖОНАТАНА СТРАУДА
Authors: Tilki Aleksandra Yurievna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию понятия «четвёртой стены» в современной англоязычной художественной литературе. Цель исследования заключается в анализе особенностей использования приёма «разрушения четвёртой стены» в произведениях Джонатана Страуда “Lockwood & Co.” и “The Bartimaeus trilogy”.Методы исследования включают в себя анализ научной литературы, метод сплошной выборки материала и метод лингвистического описания данных.Результаты. Проанализировав понятие «четвёртой стены» и особенности её «разрушения», а также рассмотрев это явление в книгах Дж. Страуда, можно сделать вывод о том, что автор намеренно стирает границы между реальным миром и вымышленным для достижения образовательной цели и комического эффекта.Область применения результатов. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть использованы на курсах литературоведения, интерпретации текста.
КОНЦЕПТ ‘ЕДА’ В РАССКАЗЕ НИКОЛАЯ КОНОНОВА «ЕГЭ В ДВА ЭТАПА»
Authors: Unguryanova Elena Alexandrovna
Published: May 2020

Цель. Настоящая статья посвящена изучению языковой репрезентации художественного концепта ʻЕдаʼ в рассказе Николая Кононова «ЕГЭ в два этапа». Автор ставит целью выявить основные функции авторского концепта ʻЕдаʼ. В соответствии с поставленной целью в работе формируются и решаются следующие задачи: 1. обосновать актуальность концепта ʻЕдаʼ для современных лингвистических исследований; 2. изучить языковую репрезентацию концепта ʻЕдаʼ в тексте рассказа; 3. выявить роль концепта ʻЕдаʼ в формировании смыслового пространства рассказа.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование опирается на следующие методы и приемы: сравнительно-сопоставительное описание, структурно-семантический анализ лексических единиц, анализ словарных дефиниций, историко-этимологическое комментирование.Результаты. Исследование выявило, что большая часть сцен в рассказе так или иначе связана с едой, которая играет существенную роль в формировании структуры образа персонажей. Концепт ʻЕдаʼ участвует в формировании концепта ʻТелоʼ, который представлен на эксплицитном уровне. Концепт ʻЕдаʼ формирует основу смыслового пространства текста и участвует в формировании концептуальной оппозиции ʻДуша-Телоʼ.Область применения результатов. Результаты данного исследования могут быть полезны, в частности, при изучении когнитивных особенностей художественных текстов, в интерпретационной лингвистике, при чтении спецкурсов, посвященных современному российскому постмодернизму, а также при разработке лекционных и практических курсов по лингвистике текста.
СПЕЦИФИКА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СТУДЕНТАМИ МАШИННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА В ВУЗЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Authors: Fomichenko Anna Sergeevna
Published: May 2020

Актуальность исследования. Машинный перевод широко используются в академической среде, так как сокращает время и усилия студентов. Тем не менее точность и качество переводов не соответствует академическим стандартам. Данная работа направлена на выявление особенностей использования машинного перевода студентами, а также определение позиции преподавателей относительно использования онлайн-переводчиков на занятиях по иностранному языку в высшем учебном заведении.Цель исследования. Целью исследования является выявление специфики использования студентами машинного перевода при работе с материалом на английском языке.Методы. Основу исследования образуют следующие методы: теоретический анализ зарубежных источников, обобщение, систематизация.Результатом исследования является подтверждение гипотезы о том, что машинный перевод может быть полезным инструментом для студентов высших учебных заведений при работе с материалом на английском языке при условии, что они способны критически оценивать и корректировать содержание полученной с помощью машинного перевода информации.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть применены в практике преподавания на занятиях по иностранному языку в высших учебных заведениях.
(НЕ)АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕОРИИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ БАСКСКОГО ЭТНИЧЕСКОГО НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА (БАСКО-ИБЕРИЙСКАЯ И ВАСКОНСКАЯ ГИПОТЕЗЫ)
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym W.
Published: May 2020

Цель. Автор анализирует роль и значение академических исследований баскского языка в развитии баскского национализма.Методы. Автор использует методы интеллектуальной истории и принципы междисциплинарности, предложенные в исследованиях национализма.Выводы. Анализируются различные концепции, основанные на идеях и ценностях континуитета и непрерывного исторического, языкового и географического присутствия басков в регионе их обитания. Автор также анализирует модернистские версии истории баскского языка. Предполагается, что в баскском национализме возникла ситуация симбиоза между националистическим воображением, основанным на этнической парадигме, и внешними академическими штудиями, которые стали факторами академизации и формальной нормализации национализма, чья репутация была отягощена использованием радикальных методов и насилия. Автор полагает, что теории континуитета и модернистские подходы актуализировали гетерогенность националистического воображения. В статье показано, что модернисты стандартизировали баскский язык, превратив его в фактор визуализации этничности и идентичности. Предполагается, что сторонники континуитета историзировали этническую парадигму баскского политического воображения, содействуя повышению символического престижа членства в гражданской баскской нации.
Interferometric optical gyroscope based on an integrated silica waveguide coil with low loss
Authors: Liu Danni , Li Hui , Wang Xiao , Liu Huilan , Ni Peiren , Liu Ning , Feng Lishuang
Published: May 2020

An interferometric optical gyro (IOG) based on integrated devices are a promising alternative for miniaturized inertial sensors. However, improving their accuracy, which is determined by the sensing coil insertion loss, is crucial. In this work, an IOG is built using an integrated sensing coil produced from a 2.14-m-long SiO2 waveguide, the minimum bend radius and spacing of which are chosen to minimize the sensing coil insertion loss. The coil length is chosen by considering optimal detection limit constraints. Sinusoidal wave biasing modulation improves the system detection sensitivity. Finally, the IOG realizes the best yet reported bias drift of 7.32°/h.
Perpendicular coupler for standing wave excitation and wavelength selection in high-Q silicon microresonators
Authors: Wan Shuai , Shu Fang-Jie , Niu Rui , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling , Dong Chun-Hua
Published: May 2020

High quality factor (Q) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have been widely applied in photonics, while the excitation and collection of WGMs are mostly restricted to traveling wave coupler. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel on-chip perpendicular coupler (PC) for high-Q (∼1.1 × 105) silicon whispering gallery microresonators. The PC is compact and allows efficiently tunneling coupling between the waveguide and the microresonator, hence it holds great potential for fan-out photonic devices. Drastically different from the traveling wave couplers, standing wave mode can be excited through the PC. In addition, a PC working as an output coupler can also selectively collect the resonance of different wavelengths by locating on different azimuth angles. Our results show the feasibility of such novel coupler for WGM resonators and its potential use in future applications of integrated high Q microresonators.
Low dark current and high gain-bandwidth product of avalanche photodiodes: optimization and realization
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Xiaohong , Wang Rui , He Tingting , Liu Kaibao
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a new method combining carrier transport in semiconductors with an RF equivalent circuit was put forward to simulate the frequency response of an avalanche photodiode (APD). The main trade-off between the gain-bandwidth product (GBP) and the dark current was analyzed to optimize the structure of an APD; and a separated absorption, grading, charge, multiplication, charge, transit (SAGCMCT) structure with 120 nm balanced InAlAs multiplication layer was proposed to reduce the dark current and improve the frequency response. The fabricated triple-mesa type back-illuminated InGaAs/InAlAs APD achieved the properties of low dark current of 6.7 nA at 0.9Vb and high GBP over 210 GHz.
Electrochromic graduated filters with symmetric electrode configuration
Authors: Hein Alexander , Longen Nikolas , Carl Frederike , Klein Jonas , Haase Markus , Stoll Roman , Warmers Renate , Jenke Gerald , Gimmler Christoph , Schotten Theo , Haag-Pichl Michael , Oesterschulze Egbert
Published: May 2020

Graduated optical filters are commonly used for spatial image control as they are capable of darkening the overexposed parts of the image specifically. However, they lack flexibility because each filter has a fixed transmission distribution. We herein present a fully controllable graduated filter based on the electrochromic device. Its graduated transmission distribution can be spatially controlled by the application of multiple electric potentials. In this way, the control of the gradient’s position and its width, transmission and angular orientation is possible. Simulation of both the spatial potential distribution and the resultant optical absorption distribution are conducted to optimize the electrode configuration and furthermore to derive a control dataset that facilitates the adjustment and thus the application of the graduated filter. Based on three objective and quantitative criteria, we identify the electrode configuration with the highest flexibility in all four controls, manufacture the device using a gravure printing process for the nanoparticle electrodes and show its successful application.
Towards high-throughput large-area metalens fabrication using UV-nanoimprint lithography and Bosch deep reactive ion etching
Authors: Dirdal Christopher A. , Jensen Geir Uri , Angelskår Hallvard , Vaagen Thrane Paul Conrad , Gjessing Jo , Ordnung Daniel Alfred
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate the fabrication of diffraction-limited dielectric metasurface lenses for NIR by the use of standard industrial high-throughput silicon processing techniques: UV nano imprint lithography (UV-NIL) combined with continuous reactive ion etching (RIE) and pulsed Bosch deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). As the research field of metasurfaces moves towards applications, these techniques are relevant as potential replacements of commonly used cost-intensive fabrication methods utilizing electron beam ithography. We show that washboard-type sidewall surface roughness arising from the Bosch DRIE process can be compensated for in the design of the metasurface, without deteriorating lens quality. Particular attention is given to fabrication challenges that must be overcome towards high-throughput production of relevance to commercial applications. Lens efficiencies are measured to be 25.5% and 29.2% at wavelengths λ = 1.55μm and λ = 1.31μm, respectively. A number of routes towards process optimization are proposed in relation to encountered challenges.
Unified integration scheme using an N × N active switch for efficient generation of a multi-photon parallel state
Authors: Kiyohara Takayuki , Okamoto Ryo , Takeuchi Shigeki
Published: May 2020

A source to efficiently generate multiple indistinguishable single photons in different spatial modes in parallel (multi-photon parallel state) is indispensable for realizing large-scale photonic quantum circuits. “A naive scheme” may be to use a heralding single photon source with an on–off detector set at each of parallel modes and to select the cases where each mode contains one photon at the same time. However, it is also necessary to suppress the probability of generating more than two photons from a single-photon source. For this requirement, serial–parallel conversion and a multiplexed heralded single photon source (HSPS) have been proposed and demonstrated. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel method to produce a multi-photon parallel state efficiently using multiple HSPSs and an N × N active optical switch. As an advantage over the simple combination of a spatial multiplexed HSPS and a serial–parallel converter, our method, called the “unified integration scheme,” can generate a multi-photon parallel state with minimized optical losses in the switch. Using a 2 × 2 active optical switch and a fixed delay, we achieve an enhancement factor of 1.59 ± 0.14, compared with a naive scheme using two HSPSs, and better than the factor of 1.46 using the simple combination scheme. Furthermore, we confirm the reduction of multi-photon events to 62 % of that of the naive scheme.
Penekanan Penyakit Blas Leher Malai Padi Menggunakan Ekstrak Kompos Jerami Padi
Authors: Suwandi Suwandi , Hamidson Harman , Muslim Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Blast is the most important disease of rice and may cause significant losses in the reclaimed tidal swamp of South Sumatra. Water extracts of fermented composts prepared from straws of the vigorous rice plant were tested in pot experiment for their ability to control blast. Rice variety Ciherang was grown on mixture of field soil and 1% diseased rice straw (v/v) collected from a tidal swamp rice field. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced by 71−87% in response to application of compost extract. The compost extract did not affect seed germination and plant height, instead, it increased the yield. The rice straw from healthy and vigorous plants is potential as a source for blast disease control.
Formulasi Bakteri Filosfer Padi dan Aplikasinya untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Authors: Tridesianti Siska , Akhdiya Alina , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: May 2020

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae is a casual agent of bacterial leaf blight disease (BLB) of rice. The disease can infect every phases of plant growth and can reduce rice production. In the previous study we have isolated nonpathogenic phyllosphere bacteria against X. oryzae pv.oryzae. For further study, in the present work we developed the formulation of the phyllosphere bacteria and tested their effectiveness against BLB in greenhouse trials. Out of three alternative medium used in culturing bacterial cell biomass, it was revealed that potato broth served as the best medium in comparison with skim milk molasses and bran extract. Formulation of phyllosphere bacteria was conducted by using of talc as main carrier, i.e. approximately 109 cfu g-1of main carrier. Application of the formula on rice leaves indicated that BFV 60, BFF 69, BFR 203 and BFR 153 were the best formula for controlling BLB and were able to reduce disease incidence up to 40.73%, 39.72%, 39.26%, and 28.07%,  respectively
Improving the Performance of Zinc Oxide Photocatalysts for Phenol Degradation through Addition of Lanthanum Species
Authors: Nimpoeno Wynona Agatha , Lintang Hendrik Oktendy , Yuliati Leny
Published: May 2020

One green approach to degrade organic pollutants, such as phenol, is through the photocatalytic reaction. Despite having large band gap energy, which is enough for phenol degradation, zinc oxide (ZnO) has low photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, ZnO was modified by lanthanum (La) species, and the improved photocatalytic activity was confirmed for degradation of phenol under visible and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The ZnO and its modified photocatalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method in the absence and presence of La species (0.01‒2 wt%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the addition of La did not disturb the structure of ZnO, but slightly decreased the crystallite size. While the La addition up to 1 wt% did not affect the optical properties of the ZnO, the addition of 2 wt% La slightly red-shifted the absorption band edge of the ZnO. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra showed La oxide formation observed at 515-540 cm-1 after 2 wt% La addition. Fluorescence emission spectra revealed that synthesized ZnO has oxygen vacancies at 558 nm, and the presence of 1 wt% La did not significantly affect the emission intensity. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was influenced by the La addition, where the best performance was obtained on the ZnO with 1 wt% La. This study demonstrated that the optimum amount of La species could increase the performance of the ZnO.
Ophiorrhiza, a promising herbaceous source of the anticancer compound camptothecin
Authors: Krishnakumar G , Dintu K P , Varghese Sibi C , Nair Deepthi S , Gopinath Geethu , Rameshkumar K B , Satheeshkumar K , Krishnan P N
Published: May 2020

Camptothecin is an important source for the synthesis of some of the major anti-cancer agents such as irinotecan and topotecan. Traditional source of camptothecin are prominently woody plants such as Camptotheca acuminata Decne. and Nothopodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb., and the increasing demand for camptothecin leads to the level of threatening their existence. Ophiorrhiza species composed of herbaceous plants with quick growth characteristics which are reported as alternative source of camptothecin. The present review focus on taxonomical status, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemical constituents with a special attention in bioproduction of camptothecin from Ophiorrhiza species and its future prospects.
A comparative study of cellulase production in inorganic and organic supplements by a cellulolytic tree bark fungus
Authors: Vijeetha V , Nair A Jayakumaran
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted to compare the cellulase production using organic and inorganic supplements by isolating a tree bark (Mangifera indica) fungus, for a cost-effective cellulase production. Three fungi (f1, f2 and f3) were isolated from the bark of the tree, of which f3 was found to be potential in cellulase production which was confirmed by primary screening (congo red activity staining). Through endoglucanase and total cellulase activity assays, it was observed that the isolated strain exhibited cellulase activity of 0.25 U/ml for endoglucanase when 1% CMC was supplemented to the medium. An activity of 8 IU/g towards FPase and for endoglucanase 10.35 U/g was obtained on non-purified inorganic supplements. Sugarcane bagasse was found to be the best inorganic supplement for cellulase production. Here, we try to adopt a cost-effective production strategy of cellulase. The future perspective of this investigation is to identify the strain and purification of the enzyme for industrial purpose.
A Comparison of Kinetic and Kinematic Variables During the Midthigh Pull and Countermovement Shrug, Across Loads
Authors: Meechan David , Suchomel Timothy J. , McMahon John J. , Comfort Paul
Published: May 2020

Meechan, D, Suchomel, TJ, McMahon, JJ, and Comfort, P. A comparison of kinetic and kinematic variables during the midthigh pull and countermovement shrug, across loads. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1830–1841, 2020—This study compared kinetic and kinematic variables during the midthigh pull (MTP) and countermovement shrug (CMS). Eighteen men (age: 29.43 ± 3.95 years, height: 1.77 ± 0.08 m, body mass: 84.65 ± 18.79 kg, and 1 repetition maximum [1RM] power clean: 1.02 ± 0.18 kg·kg−1) performed the MTP and CMS at intensities of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% 1RM, in a progressive manner. Peak force (PF), mean force (MF), peak velocity, peak barbell velocity (BV), peak power, (PP), mean power (MP), and net impulse were calculated from force-time data during the propulsion phase. During the CMS, PF and MF were maximized at 140% 1RM and was significantly greater than the MTP at all loads (p ≤ 0.001, Hedges g = 0.66–0.90); p < 0.001, g = 0.74–0.99, respectively). Peak velocity and BV were significantly and meaningfully greater during the CMS compared with the MTP across all loads (p < 0.001, g = 1.83–2.85; p < 0.001, g = 1.73–2.30, respectively). Similarly, there was a significantly and meaningfully greater PP and MP during the CMS, across all loads, compared with the MTP (p < 0.001, g = 1.45–2.22; p < 0.001, g = 1.52–1.92). Impulse during the CMS was also significantly greater across all loads (p < 0.001, g = 1.20–1.66) compared with the MTP. Results of this study demonstrate that the CMS may be a more advantageous exercise to perform to enhance force-time characteristics when compared with the MTP, due to the greater kinetics and kinematic values observed.
The Flywheel Paradigm in Team Sports: A Soccer Approach
Authors: Raya-González Javier , Castillo Daniel , Beato Marco
Published: May 2020

Strength training is a key strategy to improve performance and injury prevention in team sports. Accordingly, several methods have been used, although because of the benefits reported after training based on eccentric contractions, the use of flywheel (FW) devices has extended within the periodization of strength training of team sports. However, nowadays, there is no clear consensus about the parameters used to optimize the training effects. This article examines the research behind these claims and attempts to draw evidence-based conclusions as to the practical implications for a precise use of FW with team-sport players, attending to their specific demands and objectives.
The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of garagurt: Traditional Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) marmalade
Authors: Savaş E. , Tavşanlı H. , Çatalkaya G. , Çapanoğlu E. , Tamer C. E.
Published: May 2020

The traditional cornelian cherry marmalade named as “Garagurt” usually consumed for nutritional purpose as well as health benefits. The objective of this study was determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of cornelian cherry marmalade. Antioxidant activites of the sample as determined by ABTS, CUPRAC and DPPH assays were 8428±1206 mg TE/100 g, 1599±41.4 mg TE/100g and 773±206 mg TE/100g, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the sample was determined by the disc diffusion method in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia enterocolitica. The MIC values of garagurt (0.66 mg phenol compound/g) are ? 256 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Y. enterocolitica, E. coli and P. fluorescens when Gentamicin (10 µg) used as positive control. Total phenolic content, which is regarded as responsible of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, was determined as 195±6.35 mg GAE/100 g in aqueous methanolic extract of garagurt. This product can also be used for its antimicrobial effect in order to increase shelf life of different foods.
Effect of surfactant type and droplet size on lipid oxidation in oil-in-water nano-emulsions
Authors: Yalçinöz Ş. , Erçelebi E.
Published: May 2020

The effect of surfactant type and droplet size on the oxidative stability of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in bitter or-ange juice nano-emulsions [10% (w/w) oil phase] (O/W) was investigated. Nano-emulsions stabilised with binary combinations of Tween80, Span20, sucrose monopalmitate (SMP) and sunflower lecithin (SL) were prepared by using phase inversion composition. Thermal oxidation profile of unprocessed EVOO was determined by using the non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method at five different heating rates over a temperature range of 40–400 °C. Oxidative stability was determined by using the isothermal DSC method at 110, 120, 130 and 140 °C. Temperature dependency of lipid oxidation was shown by using the Arrhenius equation. Droplet size and surfactant type significantly influenced the lipid oxidation. The best oxidative stability was observed in un-processed EVOO, followed by Tween80/SL nano-emulsion, Tween80/SMP nano-emulsion and Tween80/Span20 nano-emulsion, respectively.