bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMOTIONAL INTIMACY IN DANIELLE STEEL'S NOVEL FINE THINGS
Authors: Umami Elvi , Purwarno Purwarno , Manugeren M.
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study delves into the portrayal of emotional intimacy in Danielle Steel's novel, Fine Things using Robert Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love as a theoretical framework. The research method involved textual analysis of excerpts from the novel, focusing on instances of emotional intimacy depicted among characters. The literature review section provides a comprehensive overview of Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, emphasizing its three components: intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment. The analysis highlights the importance of emotional intimacy in various types of relationships, emphasizing its role in fostering closeness, understanding, and trust. The discussion section presents findings from the textual analysis, showcasing excerpts that illustrate the complexities of emotional intimacy among characters in the novel. Examples include moments of vulnerability, communication, and affection shared between romantic partners, family members, and friends. Key findings reveal the nuanced portrayal of emotional intimacy, ranging from expressions of love and support to instances of conflict and betrayal. The conclusion drawn from the analysis underscores the profound impact of emotional intimacy on individuals and their relationships, highlighting its role in shaping the dynamics of love, loss, and personal growth depicted in the novel. Implications of this study extend to a deeper understanding of emotional intimacy in fictional narratives and its relevance to real-life relationships. By applying Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love to literary analysis, this study contributes to the on-going discourse on the complexities of human emotions and intimate connections portrayed in literature.
Влияние ферментных компонентов биологических заквасок на фракционный состав клетчатки силоса из клевера паннонского
Authors: Алексеев А. , Коновалов А. , Колесова Н. , Кравайнис Ю.
Published: May 2024

Исследование направлено на изучение влияния ферментно-микробиологических инокулянтов на качество силоса, приготовленного из клевера паннонского (Trifolium pannonicum Jacg.) сорта Снежок в разные фазы развития. В эксперименте использовали препараты «Асидфаст НС Голд», «Биосиб» + «Биоферм», «Яросил» + целлюлозолитические ферменты, в состав которых помимо штаммов молочнокислых бактерий включены ферменты гидролитического действия. При применении ферментно-микробиологических препаратов установлено, что между опытными вариантами показатель рН варьировал в пределах 3,96 – 4,79, что свидетельствует о достаточной консервации корма и в нём отсутствуют нежелательные процессы брожения. Отмечено высокое накопление молочной кислоты в варианте применения консерванта «Асидфаст НС Голд» в фазу бутонизации – 84,40%. Использование целлюлозолитических ферментов в составе заквасок способствовало повышению доступности питательных веществ, используемых для питания микрофлоры, что выражалось в достоверном изменении содержания нейтрально-детергентной клетчатки и её составных частей – гемицеллюлоз. Наибольшее снижение количества гемицеллюлоз отмечено в вариантах силоса, приготовленного из клевера в фазу бутонизации при применении закваски «Биосиб» + «Биоферм». Применение заквасок «Асидфаст НС Голд» и «Яросил» + целлюлозолитические ферменты в фазу конца цветения содействовало снижению количества гемицеллюлоз на 26 и 15%, соответственно, по сравнению с контролем. Наличие ферментов в составе изучаемых препаратов обеспечивает разрушение межклеточных структур трав, что повышает степень доступности растительных клеток гидролизу.
Ферментативная активность содержимого отделов пищеварительного тракта цыплят-бройлеров
Authors: Козырев С. , Гогаев О. , Цугкиев Б. , Шаипов А.
Published: May 2024

Изучено влияние экстракта эхинацеи пурпурной [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench] в комплексе с пробиотическим препаратом Субтилис-С на ферментативную функцию пищеварительного тракта у цыплят-бройлеров кросса Кооб-500. Установлено влияние изучаемых препаратов на активность целлюлаз, протеаз, амилаз и липаз дуоденального содержимого и мышечного желудка у цыплят-бройлеров. В условиях РСО-Алания научно обоснована целесообразность совместного применения изучаемых препаратов на возможность стимулирования биологического потенциала мясной продуктивности у цыплят-бройлеров, а также представлена рекомендуемая схема фито- и пробиотической стимуляции биоресурсного потенциала их мясной продуктивности. Экспериментальную часть работы проводили в 2021-2022 гг. в ходе 2 научно-производственных экспериментов согласно разработанным схемам и дозировкам введения изучаемых препаратов в основной рацион цыплят-бройлеров. Установлено неравномерное изменение ферментной активности пищеварительного тракта при использовании изучаемых препаратов. Наиболее существенные воздействия совместного использования фито-пробиотического комплекса выявлены на проявление активности протеиназных и целлюлазных ферментов. Так, в сравнении с контрольными аналогами протеиназная активность увеличивалась на 11,47 %, а рост уровня активности целлюлазных ферментов повышался до 0,16 ед./г или на 12,12%. Применяемые препараты не оказали существенного влияния на липазную и амилазную активность. Экспериментально обоснована дозировка и схема совместного использования экстракта эхинацеи пурпурной и пробиотического препарата Субтилис-С в кормлении цыплят-бройлеров в условиях интенсивного откорма.
Оценка дикорастущих злаковых трав на устойчивость к возбудителям филосферных заболеваний
Authors: Костенко Н. , Костенко С. , Комкова Т. , Коровина В. , Румянцев А.
Published: May 2024

Дикорастущие травы – это источник устойчивости к различным фитопатогенам. Они быстро восстанавливаются после поражения возбудителями грибных заболеваний образованием некротических реакций в местах внедрения патогенов, обладают специфическими белками, а также некоторыми анатомо-морфологическими особенностями строения, которые препятствуют проникновению мицелия грибов в клетки растений. Исследования проводили в 2022-2023 гг. в коллекционном питомнике дикорастущих образцов злаковых трав Московской области. Фитосанитарный мониторинг ежи сборной и видов тимофеевки показал, что наиболее распространенными болезнями были пятнистости листьев (сколекотрихоз, гетероспориоз и мастигоспориоз): на растениях тимофеевки в фазу цветения наблюдалось интенсивное развитие стеблевой ржавчины – распространенность болезни колебалась от 1 до 62%. Были также идентифицированы возбудители мучнистой росы и чехловидной болезни. Выявлены 3 дикорастущих образца ежи сборной без признаков поражения возбудителем сколекотрихоза и 5 образцов тимофеевки, устойчивых к возбудителю гетероспориоза. Оценивали 10 дикорастущих образцов костреца безостого на искусственном инфекционном фоне. По устойчивости к возбудителю гельминтоспориоза 2 образца костреца безостого превзошли стандарт-сорт Факельный на 15%. Выделившиеся в опыте дикорастущие образцы тимофеевки, ежи сборной и костреца безостого, которые оказались невосприимчивыми к возбудителям филосферных заболеваний, могут быть рекомендованы для включения в селекционный процесс при создании сортов с повышенной устойчивостью к фитопатогенам.
Поражение кормов микотоксинами и способ обеззараживания рациона коров
Authors: Трухачев В. , Косолапова В. , Халифа М. , Мокрушина О. , Буряков Н. , Заикина А. , Ксенофонтова А.
Published: May 2024

Микотоксины являются одними из самых опасных загрязнителей сельскохозяйственной продукции. Снижение уровня микотоксинов в кормах является важным направлением в научных исследованиях по методам контроля и профилактике микотоксикозов. Изучено содержание микотоксинов в объёмистых и концентрированных кормах рациона высокопродуктивных коров и оценка влияния разного уровня ввода комбинированной кормовой добавки «Кормомикс® СОРБ», содержащей минеральные и органические сорбенты, которые связывают микотоксины, на молочную продуктивность животных. Клеточные стенки дрожжей обладают сорбционной активностью в отношении патогенной микрофлоры, выводят их транзитом из организма. Гуминовые вещества обладают выраженным эффектом дезактивации токсинов. Фермент амилаза ускоряет процессы расщепления крахмала зерна злаковых культур, тем самым снижает вязкость химуса. Установлено наличие афлатоксина в жмыхе подсолнечном в количестве 0,035 мг/кг и в сене многолетних злаковых трав – 0,84 мг/кг. Для профилактики микотоксикозов в рационы коров включали кормовую добавку «Кормомикс® СОРБ» в количестве 30, 50 и 100 г/гол./сут., при этом отмечено увеличение суточных удоев на 0,5, 0,8 и 1,5 кг (P≥0,95) соответственно. Животные контрольной группы получали основной сбалансированный рацион без кормовой добавки. Удой за весь период лактации (305 сут.) наиболее высоким был у коров, которым скармливали 50 и 100 г/гол./сут. кормовой добавки, ---9337,8 и 9474,9 кг молока соответственно.
Определение БАВ и технологических характеристик экстракта сухого «Брейн-профит»
Authors: Корнопольцева Т. , Ботоева Е. , Шурыгина Ю. , Корнопольцева Л. , Петров Е.
Published: May 2024

Разработана растительная композиция биологически активной добавки к пище, состоящая из корней астрагала перепончатого — 40 %, корней шлемника байкальского — 35 %, корней и корневищ вздутоплодника сибирского — 25 %. Экстракты из корней этих растений обладают выраженным ноотропным действием, что указывает на целесообразность применения данной композиции в качестве ноотропного средства. Методом ремацерации получен экстракт сухой, представляющий собой полидисперсный порошок частиц округлой, вытянутой, многогранной форм с размерами от 9 до 363 мкм. Остаточная влажность экстракта — 4,4 ± 0,2 %, насыпная масса — 0,42 ± 0,01 г/см3, сыпучесть — 0 г/с, прессуемость — 0,5 ± 0,1 кг. Основное удаление влаги начинается при 50 °С, а при 150 °С происходит разложение экстракта. Экстракт содержит 5 маркерных компонентов, сырьевым источником которых являются корни: астрагала — одоратин 7-О-(6’’-О-малонил)-глюкозид, 0,33 мг/г, и формонетин 7-О-глюкозид, 0,37 мг/г; шлемника — байкалин, 10,07 мг/г, и вогонозид, 1,99 мг/г; вздутоплодника — дигидросамидин, 0,09 мг/г. Доминирующими соединениями являются флавоноиды (одоратин 7-О-(6’’-О-малонил)-глюкозид, формонетин 7-О-глюкозид, байкалин, вогонозид), суммарное содержание которых составило 13,46 мг/г, на долю кумаринов, в частности, дигидросамидина, приходится 0,09 мг/г. Содержание флавоноидов в экстракте сухом в пересчёте на байкалин-стандарт при относительной ошибке определения 3,36 % составляет 9,46 %.
Antena Rectangular con Ranuras y Muescas para Aplicaciones Biomédicas
Authors: Vargas-Chable Pedro , Tecpoyotl-Torres Margarita , Cabello-Ruiz Ramon , Mireles Jr. Garcia Jose
Published: May 2024

En este artículo se presenta el diseño y simulación de una antena de parche con alimentación por microtira para aplicaciones biomédicas utilizando como substrato FR-4. La optimización de su respuesta se realiza parametrizando elementos, a partir de (1) una antena rectangular sencilla, (2) un arreglo de ranuras en la parte lateral derecha, (3) ranuras y cortes en las esquinas de la antena, (4) con los elementos de (3) y una muesca superior en el parche, obteniendo una evolución hasta obtener a (5) una antena en la que se integran a todos los elementos parametrizados. La variación de la respuesta de la antena rectangular parte del modelo (1) con fr=2.22 GHz, G=2.22 dB, S11=-22.81, BW=118.8 MHz, a 2.24 GHz, VSWR=1.25 dB y eficiencia de 0.085, al modelo (5) con fr=2.5 GHz, VSWR=1.35 dB, G=2.96 dB, S11=-22.16 dB, BW=69 MHz a 2.54 GHz y eficiencia de 0.47. Esto es, mejorando los parámetros relevantes de la antena, a la ganancia en un 34.54% y la eficiencia en 552.94%.
The effect of the addition of nanoclay on the properties of a material based on modified secondary polystyrene
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Davidyants N.G. , Gorbunova I.Yu. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Redkina A.A. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kravchenko T.P. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Chalaya N.M. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Mzhachikh I.E. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Khoroshilov A.V. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: May 2024

Работа посвящена изучению возможности применения в некоторых отраслях техники модифицированного вторичного полистирола с улучшенными свойствами за счет введения в его состав наноглины. Показано, что совместное введение термоэластопластов и наноглины во вторичный полистирол принципиально меняет основные реологические и физико-механические свойства композиций, но не требует существенного изменения способов и режимов их переработки.
Universal and early marriage: marriage ideas and behavior of Russian peasants in the 18th—19th centuries
Authors: Zhenwen Li
Published: May 2024

The typical idea of marriage among Russian peasants of the 18th-19th centuries was that every person should get married and get married as early as possible. Therefore, they had a low age at first marriage and a high marriage rate. On the one hand, the Orthodox concept of marriage, the need of peasant families for labor force, the central position of the family in the material and spiritual life of the peasants demanded that the peasants should marry without exception. On the other hand, the patriarchal tradition gave parents control over the marriage of their children, and parents forced them to marry as soon as possible, based on family interests; and moral public opinion in the village commune created an atmosphere in which celibacy was considered unfortunate and late marriage a disgrace.
Varangian-Russian problem and the conditions for its resolution
Authors: Fomin Vyacheslav
Published: May 2024

In foreign historiography, including Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Norman version of the key issue of our history - the Varangian one - reigns supreme. It also prevails in Russian science. In its development and consolidation, the leading role since the beginning of the XX century has been played by archeologists, who interpret artifacts very biased and on the basis of which they represent the erroneous history of Russia, uncritically repeated after them by linguists and historians. The author shows on concrete examples that archaeologists in solving the Varangian question cannot be carriers of absolute truth primarily of their Norman prejudice, superficial knowledge of the richest historiography of this issue and inability to work with written sources.
The policy of multiculturalism in ensuring national security and conflict prevention
Authors: Makhmudov Kamal , Mammadov Zaur
Published: May 2024

With the end of the Cold War, new priorities began to emerge in the development of international relations. In the current era of globalization economic ties in the world are intensifying, the relationship between science and industry is expanding, special attention is paid to the protection of resources, the environment and the use of renewable energy sources. The expansion of economic integration, the strengthening of information flows and the aggravation of environmental problems as well as the spread of various infectious diseases have a significant impact on the balance of power in different regions and around the world. The article discusses the causes of conflicts, as well as their use as a means of realizing the interests of large states. The influence of the policy of multiculturalism in ensuring national security and preventing ethnic and intercultural conflicts is analyzed.
Towards a Universal Patent with Unitary Effect – The EU Unitary Patent’s Lessons
Authors: Iyiola Damilola Eriife
Published: May 2024

This article aims to contribute to the existing scholarship on the creation of an international patent system with a unitary effect. To this end, the article briefly examines the most successful attempt at patent harmonization and a patent with unitary effect in multiple jurisdictions – the European Union Unitary Patent Package (UPP). Recognizing the heightened interest in patents due to their crucial role in addressing sustainable development goals (SDGs) and fostering innovative solutions, the article highlights the growing acknowledgement of the necessity for globally recognized and enforceable patent protection to encourage innovation, investment, and technological partnerships beyond national boundaries. Proponents argue that a universal patent system would offer enhanced protection to patentees, stimulate innovation, and facilitate trade by streamlining the application process, increasing certainty, and reducing costs associated with maintaining patents in multiple jurisdictions. The article examines the challenges associated with implementing an international patent system, such as language considerations, disparities in development levels among participating countries, and the need to ensure accessibility and competence in patent administration, reviewing how the UPP addresses similar challenges. Nonetheless, while the UPP offers valuable insights into the feasibility and benefits of establishing an international patent system, the article concludes that significant hurdles remain on the path to achieving such a system.
More Reasons Why Replication Is A Difficult Issue
Authors: Wilcox Rand R. , Rousselet Guillaume A
Published: May 2024

Many issues complicate efforts to replicate studies, including concerns about models. Hundreds of papers published over the last sixty years make it clear that the models underlying the conventional statistical methods that are routinely taught and used can lead to low power, inflated false positive rates and inaccurate confidence intervals. In this chapter, we summarize these issues and how they affect replication assessment. We conclude that instead of trying to replicate poorly characterized effects, our efforts would be better spent on developing and discussing more detailed models.
Spatial Patterns of Urban Heat Islands and Green Space Cooling Effects in the Urban Microclimate of Karachi
Authors: Gajani Aly Muhammad
Published: May 2024

With rapid urbanization and the increasing threats of climate change, metropolitan cities like Karachi, Pakistan, are encountering greater challenges due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. Understanding the cooling potential of urban green spaces (UGS) is crucial for mitigating heat stress and enhancing urban resilience. This study aims to analyze the thermal dynamics and cooling efficacy of UGS within Karachi's dense urban centre through a comprehensive analysis of UHI intensity and the delineation of thermal hot and cool spots in relation to the city's landscape. The analysis reveals a strong positive correlation between the cooling intensity of parks and their buffer distance in all four UGS studied (Karachi golf club, Clifton urban forest, UoK green space, and Safari park), with an average cooling distance of 250 meters. It was found that Karachi West and Malir districts displayed the strongest UHI effects and higher levels of thermal discomfort. Hotspot analysis further confirmed this relationship, revealing a prevalence of cold spots near coastal areas and hotspots in districts lacking green spaces. The study highlights the significance of giving priority to the development and preservation of green spaces, especially in identified hotspots, to enhance the livability of Karachi and create a cooler environment.
Data Note: Health behaviors and mobile intervention use in patients recruited from general practitioners
Authors: König Laura M , Betz Constanze , Masri Mirna Al , Bartelmeß Tina
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Individuals living in rural areas report poorer health outcomes, including obesity, compared to individuals living in urban areas. Amongst others, this is due to restricted access to opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity. Interventions are urgently needed to address this gap. It is yet unclear whether digital interventions are suited for this purpose. The present dataset provides information on adults residing in rural Germany regarding their health status, perceived access to opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity, and digital device ownership and intervention use.Materials and methods: A pen-and-paper survey was conducted in winter 2022/ 2023 among patients of five general practitioners’ practices in rural Bavaria. Materials and data are openly available for future use.Data description: The dataset contains responses from N = 273 individuals (54.9% women, 44.8% men, 0.4% diverse; age M = 51.3, SD = 16.7; BMI M = 29.1, SD = 15.9). On average, 30.59 participants failed to respond to any given item (SD = 32.97; range 1-136). Eighty-four percent had access to the internet and a computer and 91.4% owned a smartphone, but the majority (58.5%/ 84.2%) had no prior experience with mobile physical activity or dietary interventions, respectively.Discussion: This dataset provides insights into barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity in rural populations and digital (health) technology use. It provides starting points for behavioural weight management interventions in rural areas.
The Need for a Unified Language Framework in Extrinsic Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Research
Authors: Walker Sarah A , Lopez-Perez Belen , Beckmann Jens F. , Kunst Hannah , Polias Shayne
Published: May 2024

With increasing research interest in extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation, this paper aims to address the critical need for a unified language framework to strengthen and support these research efforts. Despite increasing interest and research in this area, the lack of consistent terminology poses significant challenges for conceptual clarity and scientific progress.By examining the current landscape, the authors identify the proliferation of varied terms across disciplines, which threatens to hamper effective communication and collaboration, and thus, progress. This work proposes the development of unified terminology through a Delphi study, serving as an invitation to subject matter experts to contribute to this collaborative effort. Establishing a unified language framework will enhance research quality, foster innovation, and facilitate knowledge accumulation in the field.
When Do Local Interest Groups Participate in the Housing Entitlement Process?
Authors: Hankinson Michael , Magazinnik Asya , Weissman Anna
Published: May 2024

Local governments control a hidden flow of economic goods that never appear on city budgets. Through the housing entitlement process, city officials may condition approval on the benefits developers provide to organized interests. But the politics and policies created by this discretionary review have yet to be studied through the lens of interest group mobilization. We bridge this gap with an analysis of the behavior of construction unions in the housing entitlement process. Using data from 164 U.S. cities, we find that construction union representatives are more likely to attend public meetings to advocate for favorable labor agreements when the expected profitability of new housing developments is high — and thus, when there are more particularistic benefits on the table. While interest group competition within local participatory institutions may signal a robust, pluralist democracy, it also risks driving up housing costs, to the detriment of both organized and unorganized residents.
Prinzipien einer ressourcenorientierten Didaktik für den schulischen Herkunfts- und Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Mehlhorn Grit
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag diskutiert didaktische Ansätze für heterogene Lerngruppen im Unterricht mit Herkunftssprachenlernenden, mit dem an Sprachkompetenzen und Lernbedarfen von russisch- und polnischsprachigen Jugendlichen angeknüpft werden kann. Durch Interviews mit Lehrenden und Aktionsforschung in der Sekundarstufe werden die Problematik der Integration von Herkunftssprachenlernenden in den Fremdsprachenunterricht sowie Möglichkeiten des konstruktiven Umgangs mit unterschiedlichen sprachlichen Kompetenzen der Lernenden und Bedingungen für einen erfolgreichen Einsatz binnendifferenzierender Aktivitäten untersucht.
Gut vorbereitet auf den Umgang mit sprachlicher Diversität im Unterricht? Eine Bestandsaufnahme zu Lehrkraftüberzeugungen, sprachlichem Professionswissen und sprachbezogenen Lerngelegenheiten
Authors: Brandt Hanne , Menzel Kimberly Naboa , Neumann Astrid , Weinhold Swantje
Published: May 2024

Die Förderung (bildungs-)sprachlicher Kompetenzen ist in den Bildungs- und Rahmenplänen vieler Bundesländer als gemeinsame Aufgabe aller Fächer fest verankert. Um diese Anforderung erfüllen zu können, müssen Lehrkräfte die Bereitschaft entwickeln, Unterricht sprachförderlich zu gestalten. Außerdem benötigen sie das dafür notwendige sprachbezogene Wissen. Die universitäre Ausbildung angehender Lehrkräfte ist ein zentraler Ort, an dem durch entsprechende Lerngelegenheiten der Grundstein für den Erwerb pädagogischen Sprachwissens und positiver Überzeugungen gegenüber sprachbewusstem Fachunterricht gelegt werden müsste. Die Thematisierung von sprachlicher Heterogenität im Unterricht ist bislang aber nicht für alle Lehramtsstudierenden in allen Bundesländern obligatorisch. Basierend auf einer Online-Befragung von 121 Lehramtsstudierenden geht unsere Untersuchung deshalb der Frage nach, inwiefern zukünftige Lehrkräfte an einer Universität ohne obligatorische Studienangebote im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) auf den Umgang mit sprachlicher Diversität im Fachunterricht vorbereitet werden. Untersucht wurde, wie Lehramtsstudierende dem Umgang mit sprachlicher Heterogenität im Fachunterricht gegenüberstehen, inwiefern sie fach- und bildungssprachliche Merkmale, die insbesondere für Zweitprachenlernende verstehenshinderlich sein können, in einem Erklärtext identifizieren können und welche Lerngelegenheiten im Bereich DaZ sie während des Studiums wahrgenommen haben.
Das Projekt Kooperativ, kompetent, motiviert Schreiben. Ein Interventionsprojekt zur Förderung von Schreibkompetenz, Schreibmotivation und sozialer Partizipation in Grundschule und Ganztag („KommSchreib!“)
Authors: Busse Vera , Schürer Sina , van Ophuysen Stefanie
Published: May 2024

Vorgestellt wird das noch laufende BMBF-geförderte Interventionsprojekt „KommSchreib!“ an Grundschulen, dessen Ziel die Förderung von Schreibkompetenz, Schreibmotivation und sozialer Partizipation ist. Die Interventionsmaßnahmen werden im Unterricht und ergänzend in Arbeitsgemeinschaften im Offenen Ganztag in den Jahrgängen 3 und 4 durchgeführt. Zentrale Bausteine sind dabei die Förderung prozessorientierten Schreibens und die Stärkung kooperativen Lernens.
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis associated with post-harvest storage of cocoyam (Colocasia esculentus L) corms rot: Occurrence and in vitro response to leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina
Authors:   Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria., Ijato J. Y. , Olajide O. O. ,   Department of Crop, Horticulture and Landscape Design, Faculty of Agriculture, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria., Ojo B.O. ,   The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Department of Biology, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Cocoyam is a root crop that is produced in regions of the tropical or sub-tropical developing countries. In certain countries like Ghana, cocoyam production is surplus but post-harvest losses are high due to mechanical damage of corms during harvest which predisposes the corms to microbial attack in storage. Antibacterial activities of the test plant were determined using agar diffusion method. Five bacteria strains were isolated from rotten cocoyam corm viz: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Cold aqueous extract of 20% of the test plant mostly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (0.66) followed by Bacillus cereus (0.65). The least inhibited organisms being Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.36) and Proteus mirabilis (0.38). Hot water extract (20%) of the test plant mostly inhibited Bacillus cereus (0.52) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (0.49). The results showed that higher concentrations of V. amygdalina extracts inhibited the growth of organisms more than lower concentrations. The use of plant based biocide against bacterial isolates proves efficacious as they are effective, affordable and are less harmful to man and the environment.
Dietary pattern of people living with HIV/AIDS attending General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Nursing Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala Campus, Uganda., Ishaku Salamatu
Published: May 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus infection can lead to malnutrition, while poor diet can in turn speed the infection progression. As human immunodeficiency virus treatment becomes increasingly available in the poorest parts of the world, the question now is, how well the drugs work in people if they are short of food. This study unveiled information about the dietary pattern of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) attending antiretroviral clinic of General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was carried out at the Antiretroviral Clinic of General Hospital Kafanchan, Kaduna with a sample size of 422 people living with HIV/AIDS selected by systematic sampling technique. Questionnaire was used to collect data with the help of two trained research assistants from the antiretroviral clinic to ensure objectivity and confidentiality. Data was analysed descriptively using frequency and percentages while chi-square was used to test for association between the socio-demographic variables; age, sex, marital status, highest educational attainment and occupation of the respondents with their dietary pattern, at 95% confidence interval using statistical package for social sciences version 20.0 computer software programme. Even though consumption of food rich in minerals and vitamins such as fruits and vegetables was 72.8% (300), eating twice per day was 54.6% (225) and taking adequate diet once per day was 51% (210), the dietary pattern of the respondents was considered to be average. The occupation of the respondents was found to have significant association (p = 0.000) with their dietary pattern. Adequate diet is very important for the people living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, people infected with HIV should make every effort to adopt healthy and balanced nutrition patterns in order to meet their increased protein and energy requirements and maintain their nutritional status.
Sero-prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae among HIV-positive patients in Jos, Plateau State, North-central Nigeria
Authors:   PMI Vectorlink Project, Abuja, Nigeria., Inyama P. U. , Omalu I. C. J. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Eke S. S. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Admiralty University of Nigeria, Ibusa/Ogwashi – Uku, Delta State, Nigeria., Okoro P. ,   Department of Zoology University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria., Adeniyi K. ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Published: May 2024

Malaria is a leading cause of disease burden in Nigeria, although surprisingly few contemporary, age-stratified data exist on malaria epidemiology in the country. Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. Malariae among HIV –infected individuals was studied in Jos, Central Nigeria to ascertain the prevalence of malaria and HIV infection with a specific focus on how risk factors differ between demographic groups. Blood samples were collected from individuals by venepuncture in 5 ml vacutainers and tubes containing Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Thick and thin blood smears were made and stained with Giemsa. These were screened for HIV and microscopically examined for malaria parasites according to standard procedure. The demographic data of the patients were obtained and documented. Out of 933 HIV-infected individuals screened for Plasmodium parasites, an overall malaria prevalence of 16.2% (151/933) was observed. Of this number, 120(12.8%) were infected with P. falciparum, 28(3.0%) were infected with P. malariae while 3(0.3%) had mixed infections. P. falciparum and P. malariae were found more in patients under 15 years of age (33.3%). Malaria was least common among the 15 to 25 year old age group (14.2%). There was however no significant difference (p>0.05) in the Plasmodium species distribution among the different age groups. This study shows that HIV/AIDS, P. falciparum and P. malariae are prevalent within the population and calls for concerted effort and intervention by the government, policy makers and indeed all and sundry to stop the spread. Effective policies and services are needed to reduce the substantial disease burden among the general population.
Transmission, entry and pattern of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria., Oke Gabriel Ilerioluwa , Bassey Archibong ,   Department of Public Health, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria., Fadele Precious ,   Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria., Okereke Melody ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria., Abiodun Omoniyi Wasiu ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Ever since the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been working intimately with clinicians and other health care workers to provide care for affected COVID-19 patients. Transmission of the virus occurs through the spread of respiratory and salivary droplets from persons to persons. It is expected that an infected person can transmit the disease to at least two other people because WHO estimated the transmission rate R0 to be between 2.0-2.5. One of the strategies adopted by WHO in the eradication of the virus is to interrupt human-to-human transmission. This article aims at providing scientific view on transmission, entry and pattern of SARS-CoV-2 with a perspective that brings more clarity about the novel coronavirus using knowledge and in-depth analysis of the existing data and facts on COVID-19 disease. It has been reported that the genomic sequence analysis of COVID-19 showed 88% identity with two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS)-like coronaviruses and this explains the animal to human transmission in Wuhan, China. Meanwhile, human-to-human transmission of the infection is the most popular since the outbreak of the disease. Importantly, the sequence of the receptor-binding domain of COVID-19 spikes is like that of SARS-CoV and the entry of the virus into the host cells is most likely via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE2) receptor. In conclusion, understanding the mode of transmission, immunogenicity of COVID-19 and exploring the pattern of viral infection is essential in determining the virulence and developing the most effective treatment regimens and vaccine towards the eradication of the virus.
Correlates of tobacco smoking among residents of an urban community in Northern Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria, Jibo A. M. ,   Department of Community Medicine, UBCOM Bisha, Saudi Arabia., Rumah M. A. ,   Department of Medicine, Specialist Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria., Owolabi L. F. ,   Department of Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria., Sameer Khan ,   Department of Physiology, UBCOM, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.
Published: May 2024

Smoking is a public health problem that is a significant risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and cancers. Smoking accounts for one in every five deaths among men and one in every 20 deaths among women globally. World health organization (WHO) has estimated that about 1.3 billion people smoke worldwide, and the vast majority of these people live in developing countries. This study seeks to determine the correlates of tobacco smoking among residents of Katsina local government. A cross-sectional study that enrolled 384 respondents was adopted in this study. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select the respondents for the survey. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS v22 software. The results showed that the questionnaire response rate was 98.9% (n=380). The mean age of the respondents was 25.7 ± 11.8 years, all-time prevalence of smoking is 28.9% (n=110), and prevalence among those actively smoking is 21.5% (n=82). The mean number of cigarettes smoked by individual respondents daily was 8.9 ± 5.6, with a mean smoking duration of 4.6 ± 4.2 years. The mean number of people that smoke in households was 2.0 ± 1.5. Males are almost three times (aOR=2.8, 95% CI=1.94-4.02) more likely to smoke. Parental smoking (aOR=3.3, 95% CI= 2.61-4.30), peer influence (aOR=6.9, 95% CI=4.45-10.7), and media advertisements (aOR=4.5, 95% CI=3.52-5.99) are strong predictors of smoking in the community. In conclusion, the prevalence of smoking in the community was high, and the likelihood of smoking behaviour of the individual is influenced by peer group, parental smoking and exposure to pro-smoking advertisements. Health education and strong tobacco control policies are needed to address the problem of smoking.
Natural radionuclides and ions concentrations in water and sediments around iron-smelting industry in Ikirun, Osun-State, Nigeria
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria., Okoya Aderonke A. , Oginni Adeniyi S. ,   Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria., Awofisayo Olarike F. ,   Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Natural radionuclides pose a threat to the environment, because of the radioactivity they undergo. Water is said to be the sink of all pollutants including radionuclides and water pollution is a serious challenge due to the direct link between the adequacy of good quality water and the state of public health. The concentrations of uranium-238, thorium-232 and potassium-40 and ions in the selected water bodies around Ikirun Iron-smelting Industry were determined in wet and dry seasons to highlight possible radioactive pollution from the iron-smelting emissions. The radionuclides were analyzed using gamma spectroscopy. It was observed that 238U, 232Th, and 40K had their calculated annual effective dose (0.00004, 0.00003, and 0.010 mSvyr-1) to be below the WHO individual dose criterion of 0.1 mSvyr-1 and reference level of 1 mSvyr-1 in drinking water. The mean activity concentrations (AC) of U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in water were observed to be higher in the wet season (3.84±0.6, 2.37±0.5 and 15.83±1.3 Bqkg-1 respectively) than in the dry season (2.81±0.00, 0.92±0.00, and 10.2±0.00 Bqkg-1 respectively). The radionuclides, 238U, 232Th, and 40K also had their AC higher in sediment (40.50 ± 10.50, 66.24 ± 13.50 and 340.22 ± 9.00 BqL-1; Bqkg-1) than in water (1.28 ± 0.30, 0.26 ± 0.10 and 5.75 ± 0.70 Bqkg-1). The range of AC for 232Th, 238U, and 40K in water are 0.17 - 2.49 Bqkg-1, 1.01 - 4.04 Bqkg-1, and 3.98 - 17.48 Bqkg-1 respectively with 40K having the highest AC throughout the sampling locations. The result of anions in water samples for the sampling period are in the decreasing order of Cl- (3.55 - 106.95 mgL-1) < SO42- (0.25 - 15.82 mgL-1) < NO3- (0.01 - 0.49 mgL-1) while cations in water samples for the sampling period are in increasing order of Na+ (0.054 - 0.212 mgL-1) < Mg2+ (0.066 - 0.282mgL-1) < Ca2+ (0.077 -0.261mgL-1) < K+ (0.40-3.1 mgL-1), with potassium having the highest concentration range. The study observed no significant radionuclides pollution of water and sediment in the study area.
An overview of insecticide usage and resistance of insect vector to insecticide: An implication to public health
Authors:   Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu, P. M. B. 01014, Thinkers Corner,  Enugu, Nigeria., Okeke P. , Luka J. ,   Department of Biology, School of Biological Science, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526 Owerri,  Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, P. M. B. 146, Nasarawa State, Nigeria., Yina G. I. ,   Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P. M. B 2084, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Insecticides are highly effective when optimally implemented and crop damage from insect pest infestations and diseases transmitted by insect vectors often result in serious consequences, warranting the need to use insecticides. The main strategy for the elimination of insect vectors is the use of chemical insecticides. Since its discovery, chemical insecticides have represented the most widely method used to control insect vectors and insect pests. The use of insecticides has helped to reduce insect-borne diseases. However, despite their benefits, insecticides pose potential danger to public health when inappropriately handled. Almost all public health insecticide classes and nearly 90% of all insecticides worldwide are used for agricultural purposes. The insecticide resistance development in disease vectors are as a result of selection pressure due to agrochemicals and this occur in places where pesticides are more frequently applied, indiscriminately used and misused. Despite increasing concern about overuse and misuse of insecticides in developing countries, insecticide is still intensively used and the massive use of these chemicals have caused detrimental effects on the agroecosystem, such as the acquisition of resistance, pest resurgence/replacement, and environmental pollution. Insecticide resistance may increase insect’s vectorial capacity, which may lead to a dramatic increase in the transmission of the disease and even to a higher prevalence than in the absence of insecticides. Disease control failure, however follow from vector control failure. Increase in diseases transmission, mortality, injury to the crop and potential losses in crop production, disruption of biological control programmes and increase in management costs for additional chemical controls to prevent further injury are the consequences of insect resurgence, replacement and or resistance.
Factors that influence women's choice of place of delivery in Koza, Mai'adua Local Government Area of Katsina State
Authors:   Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria., Inusa Bulus , Barry Afoi B ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria., Yashi Nasa G. ,   Barau Dikko University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria., Gimba Joseph Jonathan ,   Kaduna State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Kafanchan, Nigeria., Atayi Samuel Godwin ,   Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nassarawa State, Nigeria., Amaka Obidigbo ,   College of Nursing and Midwifery Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

In sub-Saharan African countries, less than 50% of women do not have the opportunity to be attended to by skilled personnel during child birth. The study aimed to assess the factors that influence women's choice of place of delivery in Koza, Mai'adua Local Government Area of Katsina State. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design using quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Data collection was carried out by going house-to-house and to get responses from the mothers using a closed-ended questionnaire. The research questions were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and percentages. The hypotheses were tested with the use of Chi-square using the probability of p≤0.05 as a statistically significant level. The analysis was done using International Business Machine Statistical Product and service Solution (IBM SPSS version 26). The results show that majority of the women (46.6%) delivered at home, 23.44% at the hospital, while 37.2% delivered at traditional birth attendants' places. The factors that influence the place of choice are orders from husband and household head 94(36.72), long distance to the health facilities 66(25.79%), lack of money to pay for transport 53(20.70%) and unfriendly experience with the health care providers 43(16.79%). There is statistically significant relationship between respondent age, level of education and the place of choice of place of delivery (p˂0.05). In conclusion, there is a need for health care providers to double their effort to educate the women and their spouses about birth preparedness and the importance of health care delivery.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of people infected with human onchocerciasis in endemic areas of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria., Onojafe J.O. , Egwunyenga A. O. ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria., Eke S. S. ,   Departmento f Biology, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kawo – Kaduna, Nigeria.
Published: May 2024

Onchocerciasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Nigeria. The rate of spread of tropical diseases to higher altitudes is on the increase, due to climate change and global warming. This is why this research was conducted to determine knowledge, attitude and perception of those suffering from human onchocerciasis in reported endemic communities of Delta State, Nigeria. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved the collection and examination of samples using standard parasitological protocols. Those who volunteered to participate were included in the study. The second phase examined the knowledge, attitude and perception of the infected and was carried out with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The results showed that out of the 1,201 persons, comprising of 826 (68.8%) males and 375 (31.2%) females examined, 138 were positive for the microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus. The infected consisted of 101 (12.2%) males and 37 (9.9%) females. Most of the infected persons neither knew the name of the disease nor its vector. Rather, they associated the disease to low income and self-esteem. Comprehensive epidemiological surveys of onchocerciasis in remote areas should be carried out and all the affected population treated by the application of a holistic medical approach. People need to be more informed about the biology and local autecology of the vector and parasite of onchocerciasis. This requires proper health education in the public and schools to minimize the risk of disease transmission in the study area.