bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color Change Analysis of Wood Materials Treated with Different Varnishes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kılıç Kenan , Söğütlü Cevdet
Published: March 2024

Aim of the study: This study examines the overall color change values from applying water-based, polyurethane, and acrylic varnishes on newly prepared and naturally aged wood materials.

Materials and methods: The Turkish woodworking industry commonly selects oak (Quercus petrea L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa M.), and scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as the preferred wood type for preparing test samples. A total of 360 test samples are prepared for the experiments. The color difference (ΔE*) between two colors is measured using a Minolta CR-231 color measurement device, following the principles outlined in ASTM-D 2244.

Main results: On the C.I.E. Lab* color plane, a higher ΔE* indicates a more significant difference between the compared colors. Among the wood type, oak exhibited the highest color change (ΔE*), while chestnut displayed the lowest. Fresh wood materials showed higher color change values (ΔE*) than naturally aged wood materials. The radial section direction also is showed higher color change values (ΔE*) than the tangential section direction.

Research highlights: Regarding varnish type, acrylic varnish indicated a minor color change, followed by polyurethane and water-based varnishes, respectively. Acrylic varnish is recommended for studies with minimal color change and for preserving the wood material's natural color.
Possible Change in Distribution Areas of Abies in Kastamonu due to Global Climate Change
Authors: Ertürk Nihat , Arıcak Burak , Şevik Hakan , Yiğit Nurcan
Published: March 2024

Aim of the study: In the process of global climate change (GCC), the migration mechanism needed especially for forest trees must be provided by humans. For this purpose, contrary to the previous studies, detailed studies to be carried out on small areas are needed.

Area of study: In the present study carried out in Kastamonu Regional Directorate of Forestry, which performs the highest level of wood production in Türkiye, it was aimed to specify the actual distribution areas of the Abies and the change in their suitable distribution areas due to GCC.

Material and methods: In this study, besides the existing distribution areas and the potential future distribution areas, also the suitable distribution areas were determined by using SSP 126, SSP 370, and SSP 585 scenarios for the years 2040, 2070, and 2100 for Abies at Kastamonu.

Main results: The results achieved there showed that, depending on the results of climate change, distribution areas of Abies populations would change in the future and this change would be in form of an increase in general.

Research highlights: This species (Abies) seems incapable of keeping up with such changes without human intervention. Thus, considering the study results, it is recommended to make necessary amendments to the forest management plans.
Donor Case Selection | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , not provided peihsun.wu , Sunshine Joel , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: March 2024

Donor case selection protocol for Johns Hopkins TMC describes criteria for human tissue biopsy collection.
Conditioned Media Concentration with Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filters v1
Authors: Bons Joanna , P Rose J , A Watson M , Schilling B
Published: March 2024

Conditioned media has to be concentrated for downstream processing. To do this, complete media was removed the day before the study endpoint from cultured cells/tissue, and were washed with serum-free media. Cells/tissue were then incubated with serum-free media for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the conditioned media was collected from cultured cells/tissue and concentrated using centrifugal filters.
Trivalent Metal Complexes of Rich-Hyrdoxy Schiff base Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Calculations and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Hassan Hanar , Abdalkarim Karzan , Abdul Dalia , Hasan Aso , Tofiq Diary , Hamarawf Rebaz , Aziz Shujahadeen , Kayani Kawan
Published: March 2024

The design of trivalent metal complexes involves choosing suitable ligands that can bind to the metal and confer the desired properties. In this study, novel trivalent metal complexes (TVMCs) of Ru, Fe, and Cr were synthesized from a newly developed hydroxy-rich Schiff base ligand (LH2) derived from 4,4'-oxydianiline with 2, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, which is referred to as N, N`-bis [ 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-methylidene] 4,4'-oxydianiline (LH2). The ligand synthesis was performed using reflux without a catalyst in ethanol. The products underwent thorough characterization experimentally by various techniques such as: FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Powder XRD, elemental analysis, UV-Visible, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The molar conductance measurements suggest that the complexes are non-electrolytes and do not contain conductive species outside the coordination sphere. Thus they can be formulated as [MLCl(H2O)].nH2O. Magnetic moment and electronic spectral studies confirmed that all complexes exhibit octahedral geometry around the metal ion. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed theoretically to investigate the structures, frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and electron localization function (ELF) for all complexes, utilizing the Gaussian09 software and the B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the compounds against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial species, using the agar diffusion method. The results indicate that the Fe(III)-complex exhibits noteworthy inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a maximum inhibition zone.
Impact on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality, and Physiological Characteristics of Broiler Chickens by Using the Various Levels of Dried Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
Authors: Shawkat Sarood
Published: March 2024

The goal of this investigation is to determine whether adding tarragon to broiler chickens 'diet affects their performance, carcass, and physiological characteristics. A total of One-day-old two hundred eighty broiler chicks (Ross 308) broilers were used to divide randomly into 4 treatments and 5 replicates per procedure.14 birds were used at each repeat. Experimental groups only earned a base diet (control) (T1), a base diet (100 kg) + 200gm dried tarragon (T2), a base diet (100 kg) + 400gm dried tarragon (T3) and base diet (100 kg) + 600gm dried tarragon (T4). The additive of different levels of dried Tarragon not significant differences between all treatments on performances, except for relative (FCR) feed conversion rate was significantly different (p≥0.05). Although the tarragon ingredient is advantageous on the values of live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and FCR in overall periods (1- 42 days), that was a result of T3 therapy. The effects of treatments were significant improvement (p≥0.05) in the Production Index (PI) and Economic Figure (EF) in T3. In male broiler except for relative thigh, dramatics, and food %, different dried tarragon amounts had no discernible impact on other carcass characteristics, while in female broiler the carcass was significantly affected (p>0.05) by treatments except for relative dramatics and wings %. On the other hand, in both sexes had no impact on the values of the liver, heart and abdominal fat %, while gizzard % was significantly affected (p>0.05) in a female broiler. Therefore, bursae of fabricius in both sexes, pancreas in females, and spleen % in males were not significantly affected. Besides, the dried tarragon did not have any adverse effects on chickens 'welfare.
Reducing Energy Consumption and Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks using an Improved Discrete Gorilla Troops Optimization Algorithm with Fuzzy Rules
Authors: Rashid Dlsoz
Published: March 2024

Among the most common and extensively operated methods in wireless sensor networks (WSN) to increase the efficiency and performance of WSN is network clustering because, through this solution, data is transmitted through the closest possible path. In the clustering method, a portion of the nodes in the network become cluster heads, then a cluster is formed by joining the nodes close to the cluster head. However, the main and important problem in this issue is preventing the creation of unbalanced clusters since the spreading of cluster heads in the network can be unequal. In this paper, we have presented an algorithm based on the discrete Gorilla Troops Optimizer (DGTOA) algorithm and K-Means with a fuzzy clustering approach. In this model, first, several cluster heads are chosen by applying the discrete DGTOA algorithm, and then the output of the DGTOA algorithm is given as initial points and coordinates in K-means. Finally, the cluster head is utilized to wield the fuzzy system. Also, different criteria and graphs were used to compare the proposed model, and the obtained results were measured with other methods, and the obtained outcomes indicate the high performance of the proposed model.
Biostratigraphy of the Early Turonian- Late Campanian pelagic limestone (Kometan and Gulneri formations) near Sayid Sadyq Town, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq.
Authors: Al-Khafaf Araz
Published: March 2024

This study aims at the presentation of a planktonic foraminiferal biozonation of the Late Cretaceous pelagic carbonate section in the east of Sulaymaniyah governorate Kurdistan region, Northeast of Iraq. The zonation proved the occurrence of the Kometan and Gulneri formations which belong to the Early Turonian – Late Campanian age. This is achieved by taking fifty-two (52) samples from the lower part of the section to the upper one with an interval of two meters between successive samples. From these samples, sixty-two (62) thin sections are prepared and (43) species from (11) genera of planktonic foraminifera are indicated and identified in the two formations of the studied section. According to the First and Last occurrence of identified planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, the studied section is divided into seven biozones, from older to young. These biozones are Whitenella archaeocretacea-Heterohelix moremani Total Range Zone, Marginotruncana sigali Partial Range Zone, Dicarinella concavata Interval Range Zone, Dicarinella asymetrica Total Range Zone, Globotruncanita elevata Partial Range Zone, Globotruncana ventricosa Interval Range Zone, Radotruncana calcarata Total Range Zone. The age of the two Formations is assigned as Early Turonian- Late Campanian based on the planktonic foraminiferal ranges from the lower part of the section to the upper part. The boundary of the Gulneri and Balambo formations is gradation while there is a gap between the former formation and Kometan Formation.
Molecular identification of Candida spp. isolated from women withvulvovaginal candidiasis in Koya District, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Kale , Zrary Taha
Published: March 2024

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. It is an opportunistic mucosal infection. Candida species causes VVC, which affects millions of women annually. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the species of Candida from married women who had VVC attending Shahid Doctor Khalid Hospital & Haji Qader Health Centre in Koya, Iraq using traditional and molecular methods. This research was carried out, from December 2021 to May 2022; 150 vaginal swabs from married patients with symptoms of VVC were collected. Swabs were microscopically examined, grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and HiCrome™ Candida Differential agar and Germ Tube Test were used to identify Candida isolates. Next, the results were validated using the molecular method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and detect the ITS region in this study. The chitin synthase gene (CHS1) confirmed all C. albicans isolates. Out of the150 vaginal swabs gathered, 84 (56%) cases were positive for vaginal candidiasis. Ages26-30 were found to have the most significant proportion of positive patients, and Women who were pregnant had a more positive culture than women who were not. Identifying six different species of Candida was accomplished through the application of both traditional and molecular techniques in the study; they are C. albicans (88.1%), C. glabrata (4.8%), C. kefyr (2.4%), C. krusei (2.4%), C. parapsilosis (1.2%), and C. tropicalis (1.2%). Finally, we concluded that VVC was shown to be prevalent in Koya city, with the predominant species as C. albicans among all other species.
Awareness regarding hypertension complications among hypertensive patients attending Kalar General Hospital in Sulaimaniyah province of Iraq
Authors: Hussein Rahman , Muhammed Omed
Published: March 2024

Background: Hypertension complications are amongst the principal cause of admission in most healthcare facilities worldwide. Unawareness of hypertension complications increases morbidity and mortality rate. Patients' awareness regarding hypertension and its complications plays an important role in preventing or delaying the relevant events.

 

Objectives: To assess the awareness toward hypertension-related complications in patients with hypertension.

 

Patients and Methods: A quantitative-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kalar General Hospital in Kalar city from May 2022 to January 2023. About 250 patients with hypertension consented to participate in the study. Non-probability convince sampling method was used to select the participants. The data were collected through a questionnaire by direct interview.

 

Results: Most patients were aged between (40-65 years), females, married, housewives, illiterate, and lived in an urban area. The study's findings revealed insufficient awareness in >50% of patients. A highly significant correlation between awareness and the level of education has been founded and also a significant association with age, gender, and profession was found. While marital status and residency didn’t affect the awareness.

 

Conclusions: More than three quarter of patients were not aware or had inadequate awareness of hypertension complications.
Deciphering COVID-19 Severity: Assessing FGF-18, WNT-5A, IL-17, and IL-33 Levels in the Infected Patients
Authors: Muhammed Peshang , Smail Shukur , Amin Kawa
Published: March 2024

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes an infectious disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

 

Objectives: To test some biomarkers (Fibroblastic growth factor (FGF)-18, wingless-related integration site (WNT-5A), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-33 to predict the severity of COVID-19.

 

Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 180 participants (90 healthy control and 90 COVID-19-positive patients) at the emergency units of the hospitals in four cities of Northern Iraq from July 01 to December 01, 2021. The obtained serum from collected blood was tested to determine IL-17, IL-33, FGF-18, and WNT-5 levels using the ELISA technique. Additionally, CRP concentration was measured using immunoturbidimetry on Cobas c311.

 

Results: Regarding the sociodemographic data, most moderately infected patients were aged 46-64 years and were males (35.6%, 64.4%, respectively). The most severely infected patients were older than 65 years and were females (60%). The highest mean serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.53±40.06 mg/dl), IL-17 (36.90±22.61 pg/ml), FGF-18 (179.8±291.37 pg/mL), IL-33 (248.11±506.71 pg/ml) were reported among the severely infected patients, while the highest mean serum level of WNT-5A was observed among moderately infected patients (5.03±5.73 ng/ml). Regarding the correlations between biomarkers, in moderately infected patients, a negative correlation between CRP and IL-33; CRP and IL-17 was observed, with a positive correlation between IL-33 and IL-17. Conversely, no correlations were seen between IL-33 and WNT-5 whereas correlations between IL-33 and IL-17 were seen in severely infected individuals. Simultaneously, a correlation between the patient’s body mass index (BMI) and CRP was detected.

 

Conclusions: The disease was more severe among elderly, females, and overweight patients. All biomarkers, except WNT-5A, were significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19.
Role of Cytokines (IL-17 and IL-33), FGF-18, and WNT-5 in the Pathogenesis of Patients with Established Type II Diabetes
Authors: Mohammed Przha , Amin Kawa
Published: March 2024

Background: Biomarker investigation is important to detect the presence/severity of hyperglycemia, implying diabetes/pre-diabetes, or over time, as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and other vascular complications related to diabetes.

 

Objectives: To determine the role and level of certain cytokines, FGF-18, and WNT5A in the serum of diabetic patients.

 

Patients and Methods: A case-control comparative study was conducted on 50 healthy individuals and 100 diabetic patients. Then; a validated questionnaire was used to collect the participants’ data. Next, participants’ serum level of IL-17, IL-33, FGF-18, and WNT5A was determined using the ELISA technique and the blood level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C).

 

Results: A highly significant difference in the levels of HbA1C and FGF-18 and a significant difference in levels of IL-17 and IL-33, with no significant difference in WNT-5A level, were seen between the studied groups. There was no significant difference between the biomarkers level and each gender, age, BMI, and duration of DM in the patients (p>0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the number of symptoms in the patients and levels of IL-17 (p=0.003) and IL-33 (p=0.018). Also, a positive correlation between IL-17 and IL33 (Rho=0.874, p<0.001), IL-17 and FGF-18 (p=0.023), as well as between IL-33 and FGF-18 (p=0.041) were seen.

 

Conclusion: It is realized that IL-17, IL33, and FGF-18 expression are directly related to DM, Additionally, a positive correlation between most biomarkers was seen. The detection of the cytokines’ levels and their relations with diabetic will affect the diagnosis, knowledge about the disease immunology, and thereafter effects on the treatments of patients with diabetic depending on our findings.
Solvability of an Inverse Problem for an Elliptic-Type Equation
Authors: Kaytmaz Özlem , Yıldız Mustafa
Published: March 2024

In this study, we consider an inverse problem of determining an unknown source function in the right-hand side of an elliptic equation which is ill-posed in the Hadamard sense. To investigate the solvability of the problem, we reduce it to a Dirichlet problem for a third-order partial differential equation with homogeneous boundary condition. Since the problem is linear, the proof of the uniqueness theorem is based on the Fredholm Alternative Theorem. We prove the existence of the solution to the problem by using the Galerkin method.
Cytotoxic Effects of Theranekron D6 on HepG2 Heaptocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Şumnulu Deniz
Published: March 2024

Theranekron D6 is an alcholic extract of Tarantul cubensis. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of Theranekron D6 on HepG2 and on AML12 cells were investigated by MTT analyses. Gene expression analyses were performed by qRT-PCR. Apoptotic, necrotic, and healthy cells were viewed by a fluorescent microscope, and they were counted by a flow cytometry device. 143 µg/mL Theranekron D6 was calculated as an IC50 value for HepG2 cells, and it was applied to both cell lines. No significant increase in the amount of apoptotic and necrotic cells was observed at the AML12 cells, while both of them increased by 31.04% at the HepG2 cells by Therankron D6 application. The accuracy of flow cytometry data was confirmed through fluorescence microscope analyses. At the HepG2 cells, significant increases were observed at the expression levels of Bax (5.61 ± 0.34), Cas3 (2.74 ± 0.34), APAF1 (3.64 ± 0.44), and p53 (2.10 ± 0.3) genes, but at the AML12 cells, the expression levels of the same genes 1.14 ± 0.14, 0.54 ± 0.17, 0.71 ± 0.17, and 0.93 ± 0.3 not increased. Based on these data, it was concluded that Theranekron D6 may be a chemotherapy candidate for HepG2 cells.
Some Sums Involving Generalized Harmonic and r-Derangement Numbers
Authors: Koparal Sibel
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we derive some sums involving generalized harmonic and r-derangement numbers by using generating functions of these numbers and some combinatorial identities. The relationship between Daehee numbers and generalized harmonic numbers of rank r, H(n,r,α) is given. In addition, sums including Daehee numbers of order r,D_n^r, generalized hyperharmonic numbers of order r, H_n^r (α), Cauchy numbers of order r, C_n^r and the stirling numbers of the first kind, s(n,i) are also calculated.
Functional Analysis of Variance: An Application to Stock Exchange
Authors: Öğütcü Selin , Çelik Nuri
Published: March 2024

The concept of "functional data" allows for the representation of data collected repeatedly over a period of time as a continuous function within a specific range on the time axis, rather than as discrete measurement points. Traditional statistical analysis has been adapted to accommodate functional data. This paper discusses the adaptation of one-way analysis of variance for functional data, covering parameter estimations and obtaining test statistics. As a numerical example, stock exchange values from various countries across different continents are used. The aim is to discern potential differences among countries based on these stock exchange values during the Covid-19 pandemic, utilizing one-way analysis of variance for functional data.
Synthesis of Gum Arabic-Based Biopolymer Network and Determination of Its Toxicity Properties in In Vitro - In Vivo Model Systems
Authors: Karaca Açarı İdil , Özhan Turhan Duygu , Kuruçay Ali , Köytepe Süleyman , Ateş Burhan
Published: March 2024

In this study, gum arabic based network polymers were prepared using epoxy functional PEG structures. The basic physicochemical properties of these structures, their structural characterization, thermal properties and morphological properties were investigated. Toxicity properties of constructs synthesized on zebrafish (Danio rerio (Hamilton)) offspring were determined in vivo. In addition, in vitro toxicity tests were performed on L929 fibroblast cells. When the general properties of these structures were examined. Structural and thermal properties were better with increasing cross-linker rates ratios (1%, 3%, 5%). According to the toxicity test performed on zebrafish juveniles; GA-PEG-Epox (1%) constructs are non-toxic to zebrafish juveniles. The mortality rate of GA-PEG-Epox (3%) and GA-PEG-Epox (5%) structures was observed as 12.5% and 20.8%, respectively. It was observed that the structures were not toxic to zebrafish juveniles. MTT test performed on L929 fibroblast cells, high cell viability (>90%) was observed in all synthesized structures. These results are evaluated as Grade 1 according to ISO standards.
Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Activities of N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Tutar Uğur , Çelik Cem , Ataş Mehmet
Published: March 2024

In recent years, resistance to antimicrobials has become a global problem. Despite the need for new antibiotics with the increase of resistant bacteria, developing new antimicrobials is problematic. Biofilms formed by microorganisms play an essential role in the development of resistance. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. In this study, previously synthesized and characterized NHC complexes on standard bacterial and fungal strains were investigated. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) test was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the compounds, and the biofilm inhibition concentration test was used to determine the anti-biofilm activities. Compounds 2b and 2c showed potent antimicrobial activity on microorganisms between <=1.9 and 7.8µg/mL. Antimicrobial activity in salts of compounds (1a-1c) was weaker than silver compounds (2a-2c). The antibiofilm activity was between 27 and 79%, especially in silver-bound compounds (2a-2c). Benzimidazole derivative NHC compounds that we evaluated in our study were found to have significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects on pathogenic microorganisms. These compounds, which we assessed in our study, may be antimicrobial drug candidates that can be used in different areas. It will be essential to conduct further in vitro and in vivo studies on this subject.
The Anti-proliferative Effect of Caffeic Acid and Dactolisib on Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cell Line
Authors: Bolat Zeynep Büşra
Published: March 2024

Cervical carcinoma is a common gynecological cancer with high mortality rate among women worldwide. Caffeic acid exerts an antiproliferative effect against cervical carcinoma. Dactolisib is a dual PI3K and mTOR inhibitor that has a therapeutic potential for cervical carcinoma. This study aimed to reveal the anti-proliferative effect of combination treatment of caffeic acid and Dactolisib on cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. Cytotoxicity of caffeic acid and Dactolisib on HeLa cell line was assessed by MTS assay. Colony formation of HeLa cells treated with caffeic acid and Dactolisib was determined by staining colonies with crystal violet and visualizing under light microscope. Dactolisib decreased cell proliferation of HeLa cells in time and dose dependent manner. 5 μM caffeic acid did not show any significant change in cell viability of HeLa cells. Combination treatment of 5 μM caffeic acid and 0.5 μM Dactolisib showed decrease in cell viability of HeLa cells when compared to Dactolisib treated cells. Combination of caffeic acid and Dactolisib decreased colony diameter of HeLa cells significantly when compared to control group. Caffeic acid and Dactolisib shows anti-proliferative effect on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line, so further studies should be performed to reveal the mechanism of action.
Derivative Financial Instruments (Derivatives) in Hedging Practices of Non-Financial Organizations
Authors: Dolganin A. A.
Published: March 2024

The financial and economic situation in Russia in 2022 has sharply reduced the market for derivative financial instruments (derivatives), including the instruments applied by non-financial organizations (hedgers) to reduce commercial risks (hedging). At the same time, volatility in commodity markets and unilateral restrictive measures increase the risks of unforeseen property losses in connection with the execution of derivatives, which is why Russian non-financial organizations are increasingly trying to invalidate such contracts. However, a commonly used ground for contesting in many cases (violation of the requirements of a law or other legal act (Article 168 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)) turns out to be irrelevant, indicating a distorted understanding of the legal nature of derivative financial instruments and contradictory behavior of plaintiffshedgers. Their typical arguments are explained through the legal features of derivatives: the aleatory nature on which the distribution of monetary obligations of the parties and the uncertainty of the amount of monetary provision are based, and the lack of legal prerequisites for the universal presumption of asymmetry of the parties of the hedging derivative. The legal significance of volatility in the contractual structure of a derivative financial instrument is justified by the strict relationship between its regulatory aleatory nature and the random variability of the parameters of the underlying asset, the econometric characteristics of which do not affect the validity and effect of the contract. The author draws conclusions that unlimited property losses on a derivative are preconditioned not only by its aleatory nature, but also by the hedging objectives. It is noted that unconditional application of the concept of strengths and weaknesses in derivative financial instruments involving non-financial organizations is controversial due to various aspects of contractual and information asymmetry.
Ensuring Genomic Safety: Assessment of the Peculiarities of National Regulation through the Prism of Biological Safety
Authors: Nekoteneva M. V. , Ponomareva D. V.
Published: March 2024

The paper analyzes the basics of ensuring genomic security at the national and supranational levels. Biosafety is one of the main aspects of global security, covering such areas as health, agriculture, science and technology, education and defense. Threats to biosafety are characterized by secrecy, sudden spread, unpredictable consequences, and significant damage. Combating such threats is an integral part of national security. Today, genomic safety should be considered as part of biosafety. The paper attempts to identify the features and main directions of the development of regulation of the safety of genomic research in the national legislation of some states (including the Russian Federation) in connection with the trends of regulation of biological safety at the universal and regional levels. The authors analyze the legislation of foreign countries in the field under study, highlight the positive properties of such legislation. Various schemes for regulating the safety of genetic research are being identified. It is possible to identify some states that use «strict» regulatory schemes, which involve the legislative consolidation of prohibitions of some or significant restrictions on the implementation of other types of genetic research. In a number of states, on the contrary, self-regulation or minimal regulation by the State of ensuring the safety of genetic research is being consolidated. Special attention is given to an analytical review of international treaties affecting various aspects of biological, including genomic, safety. In conclusion, the authors’ recommendations on improving the regulatory regulation of the Russian Federation in the field of biosafety, including the framework federal legislation in this area, are presented. The paper may be of interest to various specialists whose activities are related to genomic research (biomedicine, bioinformatics, human reproduction, etc.).
The Contribution of the History of Concepts to the Critical Understanding of the State
Authors: Nazmutdinov B. V.
Published: March 2024

The paper develops the problems of critical understanding of the phenomenon of the state. The author comprehends the contribution of the German history of concepts (Begriffsgeschichte) and the British Conceptual History to the critical understanding of the emergence of the state as a concept and social phenomenon in Modern times. Representatives of these lines of thought trace the appearance of the English State and the French État to the 17th century, the German Staat to the second half of the 18th century. Russian followers of these traditions explore the historical and ideological context of the emergence of the state in the 15th– 18th centuries. The researchers emphasize that in Germany the concept of the state is formed two centuries later than that in France, but it immediately becomes political and subordinates the rest of the meanings of the word, creating a theoretical basis for the development of state studies and public law, while the French état and English state in the meaning of the state have long been used in relation to non-state political and even nonpolitical phenomena. An important contribution of the history of concepts was the search for the ideological and social foundations of modern state legal terms and models — state sovereignty, citizenship, legal and social state, endowed with meaning primarily in the continental tradition. The author continues the study of the problems of critical understanding of the state, which began in the article «Critical Concepts of the State and their Significance for Russian Jurisprudence: Introduction to the Problem» (Lex russica. 2020;6:122-138).
Issue of regulating the resistance of the short-circuited winding of the secondary element of a linear induction motor
Authors: Solomin Vladimir A. , Solomin Andrei V. , Chekhova Anastasia A. , Dunaev Mikhail Yu.
Published: March 2024

Background. The development and research of linear induction traction drives for magnetic-levitation transport is an urgent task. Linear induction motors can be used as the main traction machines for advanced transport and as additional traction machines for traditional rolling stock.
Aim. This study aims to research on the features of regulation of a traction linear induction motor with variable resistance by short-circuited winding of the secondary element.
Materials and methods. The ratios for calculating the resistances of the short-circuited winding of the secondary and starting traction forces of an adjustable linear induction motor are analytically established.
Results. The obtained ratios made it possible to calculate the starting resistances of the short-circuited winding of the secondary element and the traction forces of the engine.
Conclusion. This study of the regulation of the resistance of the short-circuited winding of the secondary element and the starting traction forces of a linear induction motor provides guidance on choosing rational modes of switching on the motor.
Memory-Based Self-Ordering FFT for Efficient I/O Scheduling
Authors: Kaya Zeynep , Seke Erol
Published: March 2024

A complex-valued self-ordering radix-2 memory-based Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) architecture suitable for low end Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is presented. Employing a self-ordering algorithm within the data flow, both input and output data are kept in normal sequential order, not in digit-reversed-order. This way, with an appropriate scheduling, last stage of the FFT and I/O operations are performed in parallel with no wait states. Self-ordering FFT algorithms are generally designed for software implementations. We designed and implemented one on FPGA (hardware), showing that considerable number of clock cycle savings can be obtained compared to unordered FFT counterparts. The approach is implemented on various FPGAs. The results are compared with similar radix-2 architectures in terms of required clock cycles and resource usage, confirming the advantage of the approach.
Perception of Gen Z Customers towards Chatbots as Service Agents
Authors: Saklani Sushant , Kala Devkant
Published: March 2024

Rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the dynamics of interaction between organizations and consumers. The rapid emergence and adoption of AI chatbots have ushered in a new era of convenient and efficient customer service. This paper addresses the gap of how Gen Z perceives chatbots as an alternative for service interaction, considering that this sample of the population is relatively more tech savvy and understands technology better. Utilizing semi-structured interviews for in-depth interaction, a thematic analysis reveals six key themes: trust and reliability, nature of interaction, perceived usefulness/ease of use, advantages, disadvantages, and areas of improvement. Gen Z generally views chatbots as limited in handling complex queries, highlighting the importance of human intervention and database expansion. The identified themes provide valuable insights for organizations to highlight strengths and address weaknesses in AI chatbots’ interactions with customers. The findings assist managers responsible for technology implementation in understanding customer pain points, fostering enhanced value for both users and organizations leveraging chatbots. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of user experiences to illuminate the advantages and shortcomings of chatbots as service agents.
Value Co-creation in a Digitalised and Dematerialised World
Authors: Herrmann Philipp , Hädicke Tim , Hoge Friedrich
Published: March 2024

Due to increased digitalisation and dematerialisation, the traditional value chain concept appears to be outdated. Instead, the term value network has emerged to describe how organisations co-create value in today’s economy. However, it remains unclear what contributes to success or failure of collaborative business models in value networks. The article closes this research gap. The authors identify relevant papers through a systematic literature review process and review them using qualitative content analysis. From the 45 papers analysed, 21 critical factors contributing to success or failure of business models in value networks were extracted. They can be structured along 6 dimensions. From a theoretical perspective, the article deepens the understanding of business models in value networks and provides clear perspectives for future research. From a practical perspective, managers can use the results as target variables for strategic management to ensure success of their value network.
Novel AutoCNN Model for Stock Market Index Prediction
Authors: Zouaghia Zakia , Kodia Zahra , Ben Said Lamjed
Published: March 2024

Stock markets have a significant impact on the economic growth of countries. Predicting stock market indices has been a complex task in recent years. Indeed, many researchers and financial analysts are keenly interested in the research area of stock market prediction. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, titled AutoCNN, based on artificial intelligence techniques, to predict future stock market indices. AutoCNN is composed mainly of three stages: (1) A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Automatic Feature Extraction; (2) The Halving Grid Search algorithm combined with a second CNN model for prediction of stock indices; and (3) Evaluation and recommendation. To validate our AutoCNN, we conduct experiments on two financial datasets that are extracted in the period between 2018 and 2023, which includes several events, such as economic, health and geopolitical international crises. The performance of the AutoCNN model is quantified using various metrics. It is benchmarked against different models and it proves to have strong prediction abilities. AutoCNN contributes to emerging technologies and innovation in the financial sector by automating decision-making, leveraging advanced pattern recognition, and enhancing the overall decision support system for investors in the digital economy.
Natural Language Processing for Detecting Brand Hate Speech
Authors: Mednini Latifa , Noubigh Zouhaira , Turki Mouna Damak
Published: March 2024

Brand hate is a complex feeling that is not easy for companies to recognize. Mednini and Turki (2022) have confirmed that hate can originate from genuine brand haters or an employee who works with competitors, to spread negative word-of-mouth in communities. That is why it is important to detect this emotion. This study aims to identify brand hate speech based on NLP techniques to detect consumer hate sentiment using a chatbot. We present a methodology for fine-tuning the GPT 2 language model for sentiment analysis through text classification. Experiments are conducted on datasets in three languages — Arabic, French, and English — within the context of consumer consumption. The model is retrained on labelled data to effectively identify brand hate sentiment. Furthermore, we evaluate our chatbot by conducting semi-structured interviews with diverse consumers. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in sentiment analysis performance, highlighting increased accuracy when compared to other models and baseline approaches. We achieved an accuracy rate of 0.98 in the training set and 0.84 in the testing set, showcasing the utility of using GPT-2 in this context. This research contributes to the capability of managers to identify brand hate speech, and proactively avert potential brand crises.
Unveiling Business Activity Patterns of Digital Transformation through K-Means Clustering with Universal Sentence Encoder in Transport and Logistics Sectors
Authors: Promsa-ad Sompong , Kittiphattanabawon Nichnan
Published: March 2024

Digital transformation brings several key benefits to transportation and logistics firms, such as operational efficiency, improved customer experience, and supply chain visibility. This study seeks to identify and categorize business activities within the transportation and logistics sector, focusing on themes related to digital transformation. Additionally, it analyses the impact of firm size and sales performance. Data were sourced from 24 annual reports of four firms listed in the SET, covering the study period of 2017-2022. The study used context-free grammar-based verb patterns and a custom-made dictionary to extract business activities. The study used the Universal Sentence Encoder to represent the text and relied on the Dunn-Index and Silhouette score to determine the optimal number of clusters (both 8 clusters). Subsequently, K-means clustering was performed using these 8 clusters, leading to the categorization of eight digital transformation themes. Among these themes, profit management and regulation compliance are interesting discoveries, as they are rarely mentioned in previous studies. A total of 104 business activities were extracted as a result. The study also found that Online-to-Offline activity is an effective method for business model innovation, as well as a contemporary marketing tool.
Editorial: Emerging Technologies and Innovation for Digital Economy and Transformation
Authors: Jallouli Rim , Bach Tobji Mohamed Anis , Soares Ana Maria , Casais Beatriz , Belkhir Meriam
Published: March 2024

This editorial is organized into three parts, providing a panoramic understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of digital economy and transformation. It opens with an introduction discussing the dynamic changes within the digital economy, highlighting the pivotal role of technologies and innovation as driving forces for the digital economy and transformation. It then offers insights into the selected papers and highlights the main themes explored. The third section underscores the significance of digital technologies and innovation, emphasizing their emergence as a burgeoning multidisciplinary research field. The editorial concludes by emphasizing the importance of recognizing diversity in digital transformation, and expressing gratitude to the primary contributors who shaped this special issue.
Splenic hydatid cyst: a case report
Authors: Adlakha Dakshita , Chawla Subhash , Utaal Maneshwar S. , Sharma Shivam , Khurana Ankita , Thakor Mrugen , Ramnani Sakshi
Published: March 2024

Hydatid cyst (HD) disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs worldwide, but its prevalence is higher in the rural communities where sheep and cattle raising constitute a crucial component of the agricultural industry. This is a zoonotic disease which spreads via close contact of humans with sheep and dogs. The most common organs involved in hydatid cyst are the liver and lungs. However, other organs may also foster it, such as the spleen which is a rare clinical condition, with an incidence rate of between 0.5% and 4%. In this study, a 46-year-old male with a primary splenic HC is reported with chief complaint of pain and non-tender palpable mass in left hypochondrium. A 9.7×10.6×11 cm splenic cystic mass was detected on ultrasonography (US) and confirmed by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, without involvement of other organs. Splenectomy was done along with excision of intact hydatid cyst. Pathological examinations revealed cystic hydatidosis. We describe this case of an isolated splenic HC, which was successfully treated with total splenectomy, focusing on the management and outcome of this disease.
Skin graft on a collagen and elastin matrix fixed with negative pressure in a complicated pediatric dog bite: case report
Authors: Fattel-Servin Omar S. , Guevara-Valmaña Osvaldo I. , Trigueiros-Guzmán Sebastian , Prieto-Vargas Valentina , Ramirez-Morales Ximena I. , Apellaniz-Campo Armando
Published: March 2024

Animal bites represent a significant source of morbidity in the pediatric population, with dogs being the primary cause. Highlighting the need for innovative solutions to effectively tackle the issue and enhance both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Dog bites, marked by a heightened morbidity rate, present an inherent infection risk owing to the considerable bacterial load present in saliva. The fundamental approach to treatment revolves around preventing infection through meticulous washing, debridement, and the timely implementation of early primary closure. We detail the management of a pediatric patient with a dog bite on the pelvic limb, resulting in a challenging-to-manage wound. This case was successfully treated with a skin graft on a bed of collagen matrix, secured with negative pressure therapy. The choice of the appropriate technique for reconstructing skin defects depends on their depth and size. Consequently, combining these three techniques yielded a favorable functional and aesthetic outcome for the patient. This case report emphasizes the relevance of employing different techniques in managing complicated dog bites.
Incidental wandering gall bladder: a rare case report
Authors: Khurana Ankita , Utaal Maneshwar Singh , Ahluwalia Anmol Singh
Published: March 2024

The pre-operative diagnosis of wandering gallbladder is challenging until complicated by torsion or necrosis. Ultrasonography remains the mainstay radiological investigation for gall bladder pathologies. Computed tomography can be used in complicated cases like gall bladder torsion. Free floating gall bladder may not be appreciated on ultrasonography as in our case report which has been discussed below.
Mucinous cystadenoma of both ovaries and appendix: a case report
Authors: Agrawal Sujan N. , Goyal Manisha , Prasad Sanjay
Published: March 2024

Epithelial neoplasm of ovaries is common and almost 40% of them are benign. Cystadenoma of ovary is the commonest epithelial neoplasm. They can be serous or mucinous. They arise from the surface epithelium of ovary, some of them may have germ cell origin. They are multilocular. 80% of ovarian mucinous cyst are benign cystadenoma.  They are unilateral in 95% of cases. In this case presentation, it was bilateral and appendix was also showing mucinous cystic degeneration. The mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix is the most common mucinous cyst of the appendix, but the definite diagnosis is made at the time of surgical intervention only. The confirmation is reached by histopathology examination of specimen. This interesting case report is that of a giant bilateral ovarian mucinous cystadenoma of ovary along with the cystic degeneration of appendix. This is a rare case presentation scenario where bilateral giant cyst is found along with same pathology in appendix.
Neurobiological developmental disorders in preschool girls are associated with obesity
Authors: Veen Wilma J. V. , Burger Michiel , Vliet Michel J. V.
Published: March 2024

Background: The prevalence of abnormal weight in young children with neurobiological developmental disorders is not known. Children with abnormal weight are at risk for both mental health problems now and in their future. Moreover, abnormal weight can have a detrimental effect on their treatment., This prospective study examines the length and weight in preschool children with neurobiological developmental disorders requiring special day care.
Methods: Trained medical employees measured height and weight of children aged 3 till 5 years old with developmental disorders, who started special youth day care between 2019 and 2021 in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands.
Results: A total 73% of the children had normal weight, 16% had overweight, 12% were underweight. Girls had more often overweight (28%) and underweight (14%), compared to boys.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that pre-school children and especially girls with psychological problems, have already a significant increased risk of an abnormal body mass index (BMI). Although studies with a larger study population are needed to ascertain this conclusion, screening for an abnormal BMI should be conducted as a standard procedure in this group of children, since it can affect their therapy and future health.