The influence of the protective action time of breathing apparatus on the assessment of the forces and resources of the fire and rescue garrison when extinguishing prolonged fires
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Khachirov Alik Vissarionovich , Sokovnin Artem Igorevich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Gabdullin Vladislav Bulatovich ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Naumov Denis Pavlovich ,   Main Directorate of EMERCOM of Russia for the Republic of Tatarstan
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Currently, the calculation of forces and resources when developing preliminary planning documents for extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations comes down to calculating the dynamics of the growth of the fire area and the extinguishing area to which the gas and smoke rescue units can supply fire extinguishing agents, the actual consumption for extinguishing depending on moments of supply of barrels by the gas and smoke rescue units and the dynamics of the required consumption of fire extinguishing agents for extinguishing. As a rule, when calculating, attention is paid to the period from the introduction of barrels into position until the localization condition is reached, and then it is assumed that the gas and smoke rescue unit provides fire extinguishing in the assigned area, while changing breathing apparatus cylinders, if necessary, is carried out from the reserve of forces and resources, created in a fire. The lack of calculation of the operating time of units when developing preliminary planning documents is the reason for the insufficient number of forces and resources and, accordingly, the reason for the increased duration of fire extinguishing. The aims and goals. The aim of the work is to assess the time of protective measures for personal respiratory protection and to monitor the monitoring of the strength and means of the fire and rescue garrison when extinguishing prolonged fires. Research methods. The mechanism of operation of the gas and smoke rescue units when extinguishing fires has been studied. Using the example of two fires, it was revealed how the protective action time of personal respiratory and vision protection equipment affects the concentration of forces and resources of the fire and rescue garrison when organizing the continuity of fire extinguishing. Research results. The generally accepted methods for calculating forces and resources are imperfect; they do not provide for the mechanism of operation of the gas and smoke rescue units in an unsuitable for breathing environment, which affects the continuity of fire extinguishing. Two methods have been proposed to solve this problem. Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to develop and propose two ways to solve the above problem: 1) Calculation of determining the number of gas and smoke rescue units that ensure the continuity of the supply of fire extinguishing agents in an unsuitable for breathing environment; 2) Apply a self-contained continuous air supply kit to compressed air breathing apparatus located in an unbreathable environment.
Keywords: forces and resources; gas and smoke rescue unit; breathing apparatus; time of protective action; continuity of extinguishing.