bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUE NUOVE SPECIE SINTOPICHE DI TYPHLOREICHEIA DELLA SARDEGNA SUD-ORIENTALE (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Marcia Paolo , Casale Achille
Published: December 2014

Vengono descritte e illustrate due nuove specie sintopiche di Typhloreicheia della Sardegna sud-orientale: la prima, T. carlonnisi n. sp., campionata alla base del pozzo d’ingresso della Grotta Su Pittiolu de Gospuru (Armungia, Cagliari), la seconda, T. paladinii n. sp., campionata sotto i massi che circondano l’ingresso della medesima cavità e sul Monte Lora presso San Vito (Muravera). La prima risulta affine per molti caratteri alle specie del “gruppo angelae” (sensu Magrini 2003a), e si distingue dalle altre Typhloreicheia note di Sardegna per la combinazione dei seguenti caratteri: piccole dimensioni, tempie appiattite e poco sporgenti, elitre con setole discali presenti nelle interstrie 2-3-5-7 e margini laterali con denticoli presenti fino all’apice; edeago breve, con apice del lobo mediano sottile e incurvato ventralmente in visione laterale, asimmetrico in visione ventrale. Lamella copulatrice costituita da una lamina allungata con apice arrotondato, con la porzione dorsale nettamente sclerificata in forma di artiglio. La seconda, appartenente al “gruppo occulta” (sensu Magrini & Bulirsch 2002), si differenzia dall’affine Typhloreicheia viti Magrini & Bulirsch, 2002 per le elitre più allungate e meno convesse, per l’edeago più robusto, con lobo mediano meno appuntito e appena incurvato a sinistra in visione ventrale e apice più corto e largo in visione laterale, e per la lamella copulatrice con apice più arrotondato; le differenze nettamente maggiori nei confronti delle altre specie del gruppo sono evidenziate nella chiave dicotomica allegata. La spettacolare radiazione adattativa del genere Typhloreicheia in Sardegna, recentemente proposta e discussa da uno degli autori del presente contributo (A.C.), e le ipotesi concernenti l’origine di questa linea di Reicheiina nell’isola, sono richiamate ed evidenziate alla luce dei nuovi dati.
UNA NUOVA TYPHLOREICHEIA DELLA SARDEGNA CENTRO-ORIENTALE (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Marcia Paolo , Onnis Carlo
Published: December 2014

Nella presente nota è descritta Typhloreicheia casalei n. sp., scoperta nella grotta Grotta “Buco sotto la punta Zippiri” N° 2649 Sa/NU (Supramonte di Urzulei, Ogliastra, Sardegna centro-orientale), ben distinta da tutte le specie note di Sardegna particolarmente per la struttura dei genitali sia maschili sia femminili. Il lobo mediano dell’edeago è grande, molto arcuato, con apice flesso sul lato ventrale ad angolo retto (caratteristica per ora unica nel genere); nell’endofallo è presente una lamella copulatrice grande, subtriangolare, ben sclerificata, a forma di “testa di serpente”. Anche i parameri presentano caratteristiche peculiari: grandi, molto larghi soprattutto all’apice, e forniti di tre setole apicali di grandi dimensioni. L’ovopositore si presenta relativamente piccolo, con gonostili sottili e arcuati, e forniti sul margine esterno di due sottili setole ensiformi per lato, molto allungate. Per la struttura dell’edeago, la nuova specie risulta particolarmente affine a Typhloreicheia sardoa Baudi, 1891 del massiccio del Gennargentu, che presenta anche la medesima chetotassi elitrale, con setole presenti sulle interstrie 2, 3, 5, 7. Le importanti differenze morfologiche fra le due specie sono illustrate nel testo e nelle figure.
UN NUOVO GENERE E UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI MELAMBIINA DELL’OMAN (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Leo Piero , Liberto Andrea
Published: December 2014

Orarabion dominici n. gen n. sp. della sottotribù Melambiina viene descritto su esemplari provenienti dal’Oman settentrionale. Il nuovo genere è caratterizzato principalmente dal corpo attero, massiccio, la taglia relativamente grande, le elitre con strie sottili ed interstrie piane, le protibie con margine esterno largamente arrotondato ed apice svanito, l’organo copulatore maschile relativamente allungato con lunga e fitta pubescenza all’apice dei parameri. La localizzazione geografica del nuovo genere è estremamente eccentrica rispetto all’areale dei restanti generi Paleartici della sottotribù cui sembra essere più affine.
TWO NEW ITALIAN CEUTORHYNCHUS (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Colonnelli Enzo
Published: December 2014

Are described and illustrated two new Italian species of Ceutorhynchus. The first of them, C. apenninus n. sp. from central Italy, collected on the montane crucifer Isatis allionii P. W. Ball., is close to C. peyerimhoffi Hustache from Spain, Italy and Algeria, also living on Isatis. The second, C. magnanoi n. sp. from southern Italy is very close to the French C. matthiolae Hoffmann, and was collected of Matthiola like the species from southern France.
RICERCHE IMENOTTEROLOGICHE NELL’ISOLA DI LAMPEDUSA CON DESCRIZIONE DI UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI MUTILLIDE (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae)
Authors: Pagliano Guido
Published: December 2014

Viene descritta Physetopoda silviae n. sp. di Mutillidae basata su esemplari raccolti sull’isola di Lampedusa (Sicilia). Viene inoltre segnalata per la prima volta la presenza sull’isola di alcune specie di Imenotteri Ichneumonidae, Chrysididae (primo reperto per questa famiglia), Eumenidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae, Colletidae (primo reperto per la famiglia), Halictidae, Megachilidae e Apidae.
NOTES ON PALAEARCTIC XANTHOLININI. VI. NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS FROM CAUCASUS (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (*)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: December 2014

(*) 223° contribution on the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.

Leptacinus khachikovi n. sp., Gyrohypnus khachikovi n. sp., Xantholinus biseriatus n. sp., Xantholinus circassicus n. sp., Xantholinus daghestanicus n. sp. are described from South European Territory of Russia. New records are listed for the named regions: Gauropterus notabilis Kirshenblat, 1951 (Daghestan), Xantholinus fortepunctatus Motschulsky, 1860 (Russian Caucasus), X. audrasi Coiffait, 1956 and Hypnogyra angularis (Ganglbauer, 1895) (South European Territory of Russia). Neotype of Xantholinus maykopensis Coiffait, 1966 is designated.
IN RICORDO DI BACCIO BACCETTI (Firenze, 7 maggio 1931 - Siena, 18 dicembre 2010)
Authors: Sbordoni Valerio
Published: December 2014

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DIE MACROLEPIDOPTERA DER MAJELLA (ABRUZZEN, ITALIEN). TEIL 2: DREPANIDAE UND GEOMETRIDAE (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Zahm Norbert
Published: December 2014

Nach drei Jahrzehnten intensiver Untersuchungen in der Majella werden die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Drepanidae und Geometridae vorgestellt. 284 Arten wurden festgestellt und durch drei weitere aus der Literatur ergänzt. Es wird über ihr Vorkommen und die Verbreitung im Untersuchungsgebiet sowie über die beobachtete Flugzeit und Aktivitätszeit berichtet. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert.
A NEW SUBGENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF TRECHUS FROM ETHIOPIA (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Quéinnec Eric , Vigna Taglianti Augusto
Published: December 2014

Two new species of Trechus from the Oromia Province (Ethiopia) are described in the present note. In the first part we describe Archeotrechus, a new microphtalmic Trechus, characterized by the dilation of only the first tarsal segment in males and by the aedeagus with the dorsal part amost completely divided into two lobes: a sclerified connection exists only in the region of the basal ostium. To this subgenus we ascribe the new species Trechus (Archeotrechus) relictus, from the area of Mt. Sgona (Batu), of yellow-brown colour, rather flattened, with non sinuate pronotum and blunt fore and hind angles; two discal setae in the third stria. The aedeagus is much elongated, with a spherical apical button, copulatory piece triangular, lanceolate, with a sharp apex, little sclerified and very simple, typical of ancestral forms, like for instance Minitrechus Vigna Taglianti & Magrini, 2009. The female gonostyli, short and curved, bear at the apex two big setae on the inner edge. In the second part of the note we describe Trechus (s. str.) oromiensis, a new species of bipartitus Group (sensu novo), characterized by the presence of only one discal seta on elytra and by peculiar features of the aedeagus.
XANTHOLININI OF THE AUSTRALASIAN REGION. IV. A NEW GENUS FROM AUSTRALIA AND NEW RECORDS (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (*)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: December 2014

(*) 216° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae

Bruxneria lamingtoniana n. gen. n. sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Queensland and New South Wales are described and figured. The new genus is similar to Gyrohypnus Leach, 1819 and Neohypnus Coiffait and Saiz, 1964, but differs by some external characters. Its distinctly dilated anterior tarsi appear to put it next to Notolinus Casey, 1906. Some new records are listed.
NEW DATA ON THE ORIENTAL XANTHOLININI. 28°. NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS FROM VIETNAM (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (*)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: December 2014

(*) 233° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.

Liotesba vietnamica n. sp., Metolinus bartolozzii n. sp., Indolinus vietnamiticus n. sp., Atopolinus ninh n. sp. from Vietnam are described and figured. New records are listed for the same region: Thyreocephalus palmi Bordoni, 2002 and Atopolinus schwendingeri Bordoni, 2002.
NOTE SUGLI HYPOTYPHLUS JEANNEL, 1937 CIRCUMTIRRENICI CON DESCRIZIONE DI UNA NUOVA SPECIE DEL LAZIO (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Magrini Paolo
Published: December 2014

Nella presente nota viene descritto Hypotyphlus degiovannii n. sp. endogea del Lazio: Montagna di Scauri (Latina) e Esperia (Frosinone); si tratta della terza specie nota dell’Italia continentale, affine però più a H. sardous (Jeannel, 1937) della Sardegna che ai taxa continentali. Il nuovo taxon si differenzia dagli altri di Italia e Corsica per la diversa conformazione dell’organo copulatore maschile, maggiormente apprezzabile in visione ventrale. Vengono poi riportate iconografie relative agli organi copulatori maschili di tutte le specie circumtirreniche e una chiave analitica per la distinzione delle medesime.
NEW DATA ON THE ORIENTAL XANTHOLININI. 34°. NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS FROM NW INDIAN MATERIAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY OF DAUGAVPILS (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (*)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: December 2014

(*) 246° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae.

A new species of Staphylinidae Xantholinini, Indomorphus shavrini sp. n., is described and new records are listed from material recently collected in NW India (Uttarkhand) by Alexey Shavrin (Institute of Systematic Biology of Daugavpils, Latvia). Thyreocephalus amphidaseus Bordoni, 2002, Metolinus microparamerus (Coiffait, 1977), and Phacophallus flavipennis (Kraatz, 1859) are new for NW India.
CONSIDERAZIONI SU ALCUNE SPECIE DI AGRILUS CURTIS, 1825 PRESENTI IN ITALIA E SU ALCUNI SOTTOGENERI PROPOSTI DI RECENTE (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
Authors: Curletti Gianfranco
Published: December 2014

Alla luce di recenti contributi, sono discusse le posizioni tassonomiche di alcune specie e sottospecie di Agrilus presenti nella fauna italiana. Viene proposta la riabilitazione di Agrilus (Agrilus) italicus Obenberger, 1920 come sottospecie di Agrilus cyanescens (Ratzeburg, 1837) e della ssp. populneus Schaefer, 1946 di A. suvorovi Obenberger, 1920. A seguito della designazione del lectotipo di Agrilus (Agrilus) paganettii Obenberger, 1913, viene ridescritto A. paganettii sensu Curletti, 1980 con il nome di A. etruscus n. sp. E’ inoltre espressa l’opinione secondo cui le specie del genere Agrilus presenti in Italia siano da attribuire a soli quattro sottogeneri, e non a nove come proposto da Alexeev (1998).
EPURAEA DEUBELI REITTER, 1898, A CONFIRMED SAPROXYLIC SAP BEETLE FOR THE ITALIAN FAUNA (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae)
Authors: Audisio Paolo , Campanaro Alessandro , Chiari Stefano , Zauli Agnese , Spada Laura , Carpaneto Giuseppe Maria
Published: December 2014

During ecological investigations on saproxylic beetle communities at Monte Baldo (Veneto, Verona province), two specimens of Epuraea deubeli Reitter, 1898 (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) were recently collected. It is the first known sure record of this species in Italy (previously known from Northern, Eastern, and Central Europe, southwards to Austria, and from Western Siberia).
I COLEOTTERI TENEBRIONIDI DI ROMA (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Fattorini Simone
Published: December 2014

In base alla revisione dei dati di letteratura e all’esame di circa 2000 esemplari raccolti a Roma dal 1880 ai nostri giorni, è stata accertata la presenza in questa città di 45 specie di Tenebrionidi, ovvero oltre il 26% delle specie e sottospecie di Tenebrionidi note per l’Italia peninsulare. Altre 18 specie, di cui è stato esaminato materiale cartellinato “Roma” o citato di questa città, sono da considerarsi certamente o verosimilmente estranee. 11 specie citate da Gardini (1997) sono rimosse dalla fauna di Roma, mentre ne vengono segnalate per la prima volta altre 29. Di ogni specie sono indicati: i dati riguardanti il materiale esaminato, i dati di letteratura, la distribuzione, l’ecologia, la distribuzione ambientale nella città di Roma. In base all’estensione temporale delle ricerche, l’elenco fornito dovrebbe essere considerato pressoché completo. Specie rare sono B. gigas, B. lethifera, C. atropos, M. tibialis, G. obscurum, S. metallica, Corticues spp. e N. picipes. Per alcune di esse sono noti pochi reperti, prevalentemente di vecchia data. Alcune specie presenti a Roma mostrano una generale rarefazione, anche in ambienti naturali, probabilmente a causa di pressioni antropiche. Specie considerate un tempo comuni a Roma (come T. italica, A. bacarozzo, Gonocephalum spp., O. sabulosum o N. planippennis) sono oggi piuttosto rare o localizzate, mentre specie con una più ristretta tolleranza ecologica (come C. atropos, M. tibialis, S. metallica, P. violacea, Corticeus spp.) sono probabilmente divenute molto rare o si sono estinte a Roma. Le specie che hanno avuto maggior successo nella colonizzazione degli ambineti urbani sono elementi xerotermofili, o con ampia tolleranza ecologica, come A. luigionii, S. striatus, B. gibba e P. meridianus., specie tipiche di ambienti aperti ed aridi, comuni nei giardini, nei parchi, nei siti archeologici, nelle aree ruderali, ecc. La presenza nella città di queste specie, tuttora abbondanti, può essere seriamente compromessa dalle operazioni di pulizia delle aree verdi, dall’inquinamento e dalla espansione urbanistica.
A NEW SPECIES OF PARASCYTHOPUS DESBROCHERS FROM SYRIA (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Colonnelli Enzo
Published: December 2014

Parascythopus saltinii n. sp. from Syria is described and illustrated. The new species cannot be confused with any other by its apical part of rostrum reddish and its lack of pronotal keel in combination with the elongate funicular and tarsal segments. A key to species of Parascythopus Desbrochers is included. New combination is: Parascythopus intrusus (Kôno, 1948), comb. nov. from Phyllobius to Parascythopus.
Calculating energy needs in critically ill patients: Sense or nonsense?
Authors: Spapen Herbert D. , De Waele Elisabeth , De Waele Elisabeth , Mattens Sabrina , Diltoer Marc , Van Gorp Viola , Honoré Patrick M.
Published: December 2014

High energy deficits due to underfeeding are frequently observed during critical illness and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Adequate determination of energy requirements is imperative for optimizing nutrition. For this goal, indirect calorimetry is considered to be the gold standard but it is expensive, time-consuming, and not readily available in many hospitals. As an alternative, most ICU physicians use bedside formulas to predict calorie needs. Some equations are obtained during resting metabolism in healthy humans and “corrected” by adding stress or injury factors. Others are derived from regression analysis in patients whereby various static and dynamic variables are identified and eventually adjusted for type of patient and/or disease. Few studies have evaluated the accuracy of predictive equations in critically ill patients. The largest prospective study to date identified the Penn State equation, including a modified version for obesity, as being the most accurate. Whether the systematic use of (a) particular formula(s) for estimating calorie needs may influence morbidity or outcome in ICU patients remains to be determined.
Experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Yilmaz Sipahi Emine
Published: December 2014

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of morbidity, death and cost in intensive care units. ARDS was first described in 1967, and the new definition was determined as the Berlin definition in 2011 in Berlin. ARDS is a syndrome of inflammation and increased permeability of the blood-gas barrier. Despite intensive research, treatments remain limited and supportive therapies represent the mainstay of the treatment of ARDS. This inability of therapeutic modalities largely depends on the complex pathogenesis of this syndrome with multiple overlapping signaling pathways activated depending on the type of lung injury. Today, this syndrome is still associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Animal models provide us a bridge between bench and bedside. Numerous different models have been developed in order to establish the properties of ARDS, but, to date, no single animal model that mimics all of the characteristics of ARDS in humans has been developed, and most of the existing animal models are relevant only for limited aspects of human ARDS. Furthermore, each animal model has unique features that affect responses to treatment. Therefore, when choosing an animal model of ARDS, to take into account the key feature of ARDS as a working hypothesis to be tested and then create the most appropriate model to exhibit those features is important. The goal of this review is to summarize the properties of the most commonly used experimental animal models of ARDS after mentioning briefly the causes and pathophysiology.
A clinical, electrocardiography and echocardiography study of atrial fibrillation in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Gollahalli Changrashekar Vivek , Gadwalkar Srikant R. , Basavareddy Asha , Basavareddy Rakesh
Published: December 2014

Background and Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. It is marked by disorganized, rapid and irregular atrial contraction. The aim of our study is to determine various clinical presentations in patients with AF and to assess the underlying heart disease in patients with AF using electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography. Subjects and Methods: This study was undertaken at the Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary. It was a prospective, observational study conducted from December 2010 to June 2012. Detailed history was taken from the patients and they were examined according to the prepared proforma. Results: The age of the patients varied from 30 to 85 years. In the present study, the male to female ratio was almost equal, with 24 (48%) male and 26 (52%) female cases. Dyspnea was the most common symptom, followed by palpitations. The pulse deficit varied from 10 to 26 per minute. Rheumatic valvular heart disease was the most common etiology of AF observed in the present study. Mitral stenosis was the most common valvular lesion observed in patients with rheumatic heart disease. Congestive cardiac failure was the most common complication observed, followed by embolic phenomenon. Left ventricular enlargement was seen in 18 cases on chest X-ray. Left atrial enlargement was seen in 33 cases, where 24 cases were of chronic valvular rheumatic heart disease on 2D echocardiography. Conclusion: AF was the most commonly seen rheumatic heart disease, followed by ischemic heart disease. Dyspnea was the most common presenting complaint and congestive cardiac failure was the most common complication.
Derechos de participación en igualdad de condiciones de las personas con discapacidad en la sociedad del conocimiento: una revisión a la política pública venezolana
Authors: Ferrer Mavarez Maria de los Ángeles , Petit Elsa , Oberto Adán
Published: December 2014

Se presenta un acercamiento a la realidad de la participación en igualdad de condiciones de las personas con discapacidad en la sociedad del conocimiento a las personas con discapacidad y muy especialmente a la regulación que a tal fin ofrece Venezuela. La metodología empleada es de tipo documental, referenciando el marco legal relacionado con la temática de la discapacidad que ofrece el país. Se pudo constatar que el marco legal y específicamente las políticas públicas implementadas a la fecha en Venezuela para el cumplimiento de este derecho siguen siendo insuficientes, a pesar de los importantes pasos dados al respecto; no cuenta con sólidas estructuras legales que potencien esta iniciativa en pro del desarrollo humano de este grupo social y, por consiguiente, de la nación. No se aprovecha el importante papel que ofrece la participación dentro de los entornos propios de la sociedad del conocimiento en el marco de la equiparación de oportunidades y la inclusión de grupos sociales vulnerables como éste.
Teatro y discapacidad en México
Authors: Pérez Delgado Hitandehui Margarita
Published: December 2014

Pérez Delgado, H.M (2014): “Teatro y discapacidad en México”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 2 (2): 235-246.
El voluntariado corporativo y la responsabilidad social empresarial: una oportunidad en la lucha contra el estigma y el impulso de la inserción laboral de las personas con trastorno mental grave
Authors: De Fuentes Garcia Carlos , Díaz Miguel , Fernández de Avilés Marta , Cobo Saray , Ruiz Susana , Herráiz Raquel , Gómez Juana
Published: December 2014

De Fuentes, C. et al. (2014): “El voluntariado corporativo y la responsabilidad social empresarial: una oportunidad en la lucha contra el estigma y el impulso de la inserción laboral de las personas con trastorno mental grave”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 2 (2): 247-253.
Consideraciones pedagógicas para el reconocimiento de la identidad personal y colectiva de las personas sordas
Authors: Nairouz Yinzú , Cedeño Boada Alexandra
Published: December 2014

Nairouz, Y. y Cedeño, A. (2014): “Consideraciones pedagógicas para el reconocimiento de la identidad personal y colectiva de las personas sordas”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 2 (2): 255-260
Developmental mechanism of the periodic membrane skeleton in axons
Authors: Zhong Guisheng , He Jiang , Zhou Ruobo , Lorenzo Damaris , Babcock Hazen P , Bennett Vann , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: December 2014

Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a periodic sub-membrane lattice structure in axons. How this membrane skeleton is developed and why it preferentially forms in axons are unknown. Here, we studied the developmental mechanism of this lattice structure. We found that this structure emerged early during axon development and propagated from proximal regions to distal ends of axons. Components of the axon initial segment were recruited to the lattice late during development. Formation of the lattice was regulated by the local concentration of βII spectrin, which is higher in axons than in dendrites. Increasing the dendritic concentration of βII spectrin by overexpression or by knocking out ankyrin B induced the formation of the periodic structure in dendrites, demonstrating that the spectrin concentration is a key determinant in the preferential development of this structure in axons and that ankyrin B is critical for the polarized distribution of βII spectrin in neurites.
Regulation of RNA granule dynamics by phosphorylation of serine-rich, intrinsically disordered proteins in C. elegans
Authors: Wang Jennifer T , Smith Jarrett , Chen Bi-Chang , Schmidt Helen , Rasoloson Dominique , Paix Alexandre , Lambrus Bramwell G , Calidas Deepika , Betzig Eric , Seydoux Geraldine
Published: December 2014

RNA granules have been likened to liquid droplets whose dynamics depend on the controlled dissolution and condensation of internal components. The molecules and reactions that drive these dynamics in vivo are not well understood. In this study, we present evidence that a group of intrinsically disordered, serine-rich proteins regulate the dynamics of P granules in C. elegans embryos. The MEG (maternal-effect germline defective) proteins are germ plasm components that are required redundantly for fertility. We demonstrate that MEG-1 and MEG-3 are substrates of the kinase MBK-2/DYRK and the phosphatase PP2APPTR−½. Phosphorylation of the MEGs promotes granule disassembly and dephosphorylation promotes granule assembly. Using lattice light sheet microscopy on live embryos, we show that GFP-tagged MEG-3 localizes to a dynamic domain that surrounds and penetrates each granule. We conclude that, despite their liquid-like behavior, P granules are non-homogeneous structures whose assembly in embryos is regulated by phosphorylation.
Titles and abstracts of scientific reports ignore variation among species
Authors: Migeon Barbara R
Published: December 2014

An analysis of more than 1000 research articles in biology reveals that the name of the species being studied is not mentioned in the title or abstract of many articles. Consequently, such data are not easily accessible in the PubMed database. These omissions can mislead readers about the true nature of developmental processes and delay the acceptance of valid species differences. To improve the accuracy of the scientific record, I suggest that journals should require that authors include the name of the species being studied in the title or abstract of submitted papers.
Corticothalamic phase synchrony and cross-frequency coupling predict human memory formation
Authors: Sweeney-Reed Catherine M , Zaehle Tino , Voges Juergen , Schmitt Friedhelm C , Buentjen Lars , Kopitzki Klaus , Esslinger Christine , Hinrichs Hermann , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Knight Robert T , Richardson-Klavehn Alan
Published: December 2014

The anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) is thought to play an important role in a brain network involving the hippocampus and neocortex, which enables human memories to be formed. However, its small size and location deep within the brain have impeded direct investigation in humans with non-invasive techniques. Here we provide direct evidence for a functional role for the ATN in memory formation from rare simultaneous human intrathalamic and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from eight volunteering patients receiving intrathalamic electrodes implanted for the treatment of epilepsy, demonstrating real-time communication between neocortex and ATN during successful memory encoding. Neocortical-ATN theta oscillatory phase synchrony of local field potentials and neocortical-theta-to-ATN-gamma cross-frequency coupling during presentation of complex photographic scenes predicted later memory for the scenes, demonstrating a key role for the ATN in human memory encoding.
Flame Retardants for Textiles
Authors: Calamari Timothy A. , Harper Robert J. , by Staff Updated
Published: December 2014

Flame resistance and fire resistance are often used in the same context as the terms flameproof and fireproof. A textile that is flame or fire resistant does not continue to burn or glow after the source of ignition is removed although there is some change in physical and chemical characteristics. Several theories have been postulated to explain the various types of flame retardants for cotton. These theories include coating, gas, thermal, and dehydration or chemical. Durability of a flame retardant on a textile is an important consideration since many retardants will not be effective after laundering. Types of retardants are divided into categories as follows: brominated, chlorinated, phosphorus‐ containing, nitrogen‐containing, and inorganic. This article gives information on retardants for cellulosics (cotton), wool, thermoplastic fibers including woven and nonwoven materials, and blends. Applications are discussed as well as incorporating the retardant in the fiber. Upholstery and furnishings, protective clothing, combinations that give flame retardant capability as well as durable press performance are detailed.
High Smog Levels Seen in Mecca During the Annual Pilgrimage
Authors: Urton James
Published: December 2014

In 2012, the Hajj drew 3.5 million Muslims to Mecca for 5 days of prayer and spiritual enlightenment. The annual pilgrimage, one of the largest annual gatherings of people in the world, also brings dangerous levels of air pollution to Islam's holiest city.
Human actions affect Greenland Ice Sheet surface mass balance
Authors: Orwig Jessica
Published: December 2014

A new study that combines a model of glacial surface mass balance with a global climate model determines how much of the current and future increase in marginal melting and interior accumulation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is due to human activity rather than natural forces. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the largest continental glacier in the world, is shrinking at an increasing rate, but scientists are unsure how much of this shrinkage is due to natural versus human‐driven climate change.
Molecular responses and chromosomal aberrations in patients with polycythemia vera treated with peg‐proline‐interferon alpha‐2b
Authors: Them Nicole C.C. , Bagienski Klaudia , Berg Tiina , Gisslinger Bettina , Schalling Martin , Chen Doris , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Thaler Josef , Schloegl Ernst , Gastl Guenther A. , Wolf Dominik , Strecker Karin , Egle Alexander , Melchardt Thomas , Burgstaller Sonja , Willenbacher Ella , Zagrijtschuk Oleh , Klade Christoph , Greil Richard , Gisslinger Heinz , Kralovics Robert
Published: December 2014

Fifty‐one polycythemia vera (PV) patients were enrolled in the phase I/II clinical study PEGINVERA to receive a new formulation of pegylated interferon alpha (peg‐proline‐IFNα‐2b, AOP2014/P1101). Peg‐proline‐IFNα‐2b treatment led to high response rates on both hematologic and molecular levels. Hematologic and molecular responses were achieved for 46 and 18 patients (90 and 35% of the whole cohort), respectively. Although interferon alpha (IFNα) is known to be an effective antineoplastic therapy for a long time, it is currently not well understood which genetic alterations influence therapeutic outcomes. Apart from somatic changes in specific genes, large chromosomal aberrations could impact responses to IFNα. Therefore, we evaluated the interplay of cytogenetic changes and IFNα responses in the PEGINVERA cohort. We performed high‐resolution SNP microarrays to analyze chromosomal aberrations prior and during peg‐proline‐IFNα‐2b therapy. Similar numbers and types of chromosomal aberrations in responding and non‐responding patients were observed, suggesting that peg‐proline‐IFNα‐2b responses are achieved independently of chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, complete cytogenetic remissions were accomplished in three patients, of which two showed more than one chromosomal aberration. These results imply that peg‐proline‐IFNα‐2b therapy is an effective drug for PV patients, possibly including patients with complex cytogenetic changes. Am. J. Hematol. 90:288–294, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Hematology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and characterization of flax fiber reinforced biocomposite using flaxseed oil‐based bio‐resin
Authors: Rana Anup , Evitts Richard W.
Published: December 2014

In this study, acrylated epoxidized flaxseed oil (AEFO) resin is synthesized from flaxseed oil, and flax fiber reinforced AEFO biocomposites is produced via a vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding technique. Different amounts of flax fiber and styrene are added to the resin to improve its mechanical and physical properties. Both flax fiber and styrene improve the mechanical properties of these biocomposites, but the flexural strength decreases with an increase in styrene content. The mass increase during water absorption testing is less than 1.5% (w/w) for all of the AEFO‐based biocomposites. The density of the AEFO resin is 1.166 g/cm3, which increases to 1.191 g/cm3 when reinforced with 10% (w/w) flax fiber. The flax fiber reinforced AEFO‐based biocomposites have a maximum tensile strength of 31.4 ± 1.2 MPa and Young's modulus of 520 ± 31 MPa. These biocomposites also have a maximum flexural strength of 64.5 ± 2.3 MPa and a flexural modulus of 2.98 ± 0.12 GPa. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41807.
The mechanical and tribological properties of nitric acid‐treated carbon fiber‐reinforced polyoxymethylene composites
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Shiwei , Liu Yuan , Yang Bin , Wang Xinling
Published: December 2014

The carbon fibers have been exposed to nitric acid oxidation treatments and introduced into polyoxymethylene composites (POM/CF). The nitric acid treatment increases the number of the flaws, roughness of the surface, and disorder of carbon atoms on fiber, as well as introduces reactive functional groups, which could lead to a better mechanical bonding between fiber and the matrix. It is shown that the impact strength and fiber‐matrix adhesion in composites (POM/mCF) are superior to those for POM/CF composites. Simultaneously, the addition of mCF improves flexural strength and modulus relative to virgin POM significantly. Average friction coefficient values of POM/CF composites are lower than that of POM/mCF composites. As the percentage of fiber increases, the trend of wear ratio of the composites goes down initially and bumps up afterwards. The results indicate that the proper contents of CF and mCF in composites range from 5 wt % to 20 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy of worn surface morphology has revealed that the main wear mechanism of the composites were adhesive wear and ploughing wear. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41812.
Effect of synthesis temperature on characteristics of PNIPAM/alginate IPN hydrogel beads
Authors: Ochi Masanori , Ida Junichi , Matsuyama Tatsushi , Yamamoto Hideo
Published: December 2014

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/alginate interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel beads (IPN beads) were prepared via modified inverse emulsion polymerization, and the effect of the synthesis temperature on the characteristics of the IPN beads was investigated. Varying the synthesis temperature from 10 to 40°C led to slight differences in the FTIR and elemental analysis results, whereas significant differences in optical color, thermoresponsive behavior, and release properties of vitamin B12 were observed. The IPN beads prepared at low temperature were transparent and exhibited a large and drastic thermoresponsive volume change. On the other hand, the IPN beads prepared at high temperature were opaque and exhibited a small and gradual thermoresponsive volume change. In addition, the diffusion coefficient in the IPN beads prepared at 10°C decreased with increasing solution temperature, whereas the diffusion coefficient in IPN beads prepared at 40°C increased with increasing solution temperature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41814.
Antimicrobial N‐halamine coatings synthesized via vapor‐phase assisted polymerization
Authors: Xi Guanghui , Xiu Yanlei , Wang Lu , Liu Xiangdong
Published: December 2014

An N‐halamine monomer, 3‐allyl‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin (ADMH), was synthesized by a Gabriel reaction of 5,5‐dimethylhydantoin and 3‐bromopropene. Antimicrobial coatings of poly[1‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐1‐methyl)ethylene] were prepared on plasma‐treated PET fabrics via a vapor‐phase assisted polymerization (VAP) process using gasified ADMH as monomer. The coatings endow the PET fabrics with an antimicrobial efficiency greater than 80% for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after chlorination of the N‐halamine polymer with dilute bleach solution. The obtained antimicrobial effect has remarkable durability that can bear over 30 times of stringent laundering tests. Compared with other antimicrobial finishing methods, the VAP methodology offers great advantages in needless of organic solvents and small consumption of monomer. It has potential applications in a wide variety of fields such as hygienic clothing, underwear, socks, and medical textiles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41824.
Rapid formation of flexible silk fibroin gel‐like films
Authors: Bie Shiyu , Ming Jinfa , Zhou Yan , Zhong Tianyi , Zhang Feng , Zuo Baoqi
Published: December 2014

Flexible silk fibroin gel‐like films with microporous morphology were prepared from B. mori silk fibroin fibers directly solubilized in formic acid/CaCl2 solvent. These films were characterized by several analysis techniques to determine the structure and properties of films. The pore size of gel‐like films can be adjusted through SF concentration and Ca ions concentration. The controllable pore size in gel‐like films was grew from 3–5 μm to 100 μm under the increase of fibroin concentration from 1.0 wt % to 8.0 wt %. At the same time, the water content of silk fibroin gel‐like film decreased from 83.5 ± 3.4% to 68.2 ± 2.6%. With increasing Ca ions contents from 2.0 wt % to 10.0 wt % in dissolution process, the pore size and water content of silk fibroin gel‐like films grew larger, especially its water content values reached 86.2 ± 4.0% at 10.0 wt % Ca ions concentration. At wet condition, the gel‐like film with β‐sheet structure showed higher breaking stress (4.26 ± 0.31 MPa) and elongation (45.45 ± 15.79%) at 8.0 wt % concentration. With the preparation method, the membrane is hydrophilic and the pore size is adjustable, which contributes to high toughness and favorable cell growth environment, suggesting that these silk fibroin gel‐like films can be a potential candidate scaffold for biomedical applications, such as wound dressing, facial mask, contact lenses, etc. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41842.
Reasons to apply operability analysis in the design of integrated biorefineries
Authors: Svensson Elin , Eriksson Karin , Wik Torsten
Published: December 2014

The implementation of a biorefinery concept through the integration of new biomass conversion processes with existing industrial plants offers a potential for high overall biomass‐to‐product efficiencies and cost‐effective production. To reach this potential, a high degree of process integration is essential. This implies that there will be strong interconnections between the different processing units in the original plant and the new biorefinery process, and thereby a risk of operability difficulties. Consequently, there is a need to consider operational objectives, together with economic and environmental ones in biorefinery integration design problems. This paper focuses on the operability of an industrial plant that is retrofitted with a new biorefinery process. The existing industrial plant is considered to be an energy‐intensive, mature, commodity‐producing plant and retrofit of this plant is necessary for enabling efficient integration and synergy effects of co‐locating the biorefinery process with the existing process, instead of building a stand‐alone greenfield plant. A wide range of operability issues associated with the integration of the biorefinery is considered, including flexibility, controllability, and reliability. The main issues that affect the operability when integrating a new biorefinery process to an existing industrial plant are investigated. Core operability issues to consider in the design and evaluation of future biorefinery concepts are highlighted and opportunities for further research and methodology development activities are identified. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dietary cocoa protects against colitis‐associated cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Authors: Pandurangan Ashok Kumar , Saadatdoust Zeinab , Mohd. Esa Norhaizan , Hamzah Hazilawati , Ismail Amin
Published: December 2014

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common cancer worldwide. Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for CRC. Cocoa contains many polyphenolic compounds that have beneficial effects in humans. The objective of this study is to explore the antioxidant properties of cocoa in the mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis‐associated cancer, focusing on the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Mice were treated with AOM/DSS and randomized to receive either a control diet or a 5 and 10% cocoa diet during the study period. On day 62 of the experiment, the entire colon was processed for biochemical and histopathological examination and further evaluations. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in AOM/DSS‐induced mice; however, subsequent administration of cocoa decreased the MDA. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were decreased in the AOM/DSS mice. Cocoa treatment increases the activities/levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, were elevated during AOM/DSS‐induction, and treatment with 5 and 10% cocoa effectively decreases the expression of iNOS and COX‐2. The NF‐E2‐related factor 2 and its downstream targets, such as NQO1 and UDP‐GT, were increased by cocoa treatment. The results of our study suggest that cocoa may merit further clinical investigation as a chemopreventive agent that helps prevent CAC. © 2014 BioFactors, 41(1):1–14, 2015
Increased volume and impaired function: the role of the basal ganglia in writer's cramp
Authors: Zeuner Kirsten E. , Knutzen Arne , Granert Oliver , Götz Julia , Wolff Stephan , Jansen Olav , Dressler Dirk , Hefter Harald , Hallett Mark , Deuschl Günther , van Eimeren Thilo , Witt Karsten
Published: December 2014

Introduction

The pathophysiology of writer's cramp, a task‐specific dystonia, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the basal ganglia circuit and the cerebellum during a complex motor sequence learning task carried out with the nonaffected hand in writer's cramp patients.

Methods

We applied structural and functional imaging in 22 writer's cramp patients and 28 matched controls using 3T MRI. With the asymptomatic left hand all participants learned a complex, sequential, five‐element sequence‐tapping task as accurately and quickly as possible. Functional imaging was measured during a repeated (15 times), fixed block design with tapping (30 sec) and rest (30 sec). Additionally, gray matter volume of the basal ganglia was analyzed using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).

Results

While behavior was comparable between groups, after small volume correction the anterior part of the right putamen and the left globus pallidus exhibited reduced blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) activity in patients during the sequential finger‐tapping task. VBM analysis showed larger gray matter volume bilateral in the posterior part of the putamen and globus pallidus. There were no group differences in the cerebellum.

Conclusion

The results indicate an impairment of anterior basal ganglia loops involved in producing complex sequential movements of the unaffected hand. These findings are in line with previous reports of reduced neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus. Higher gray matter volume of the putamen and globus pallidus may stem from elevated activity of the direct pathway, which could reflect a compensatory phenomenon or a primary predisposition, that is, endophenotypic trait.
Child Maltreatment, Trauma‐Related Psychopathology, and Eyewitness Memory in Children and Adolescents
Authors: McWilliams Kelly , Harris Latonya S. , Goodman Gail S.
Published: December 2014

Two experiments were conducted to examine eyewitness memory in children and adolescents (9‐ to 15‐years‐old) with and without known histories of maltreatment (e.g., physical abuse, exposure to domestic violence). In Experiment 1, participants (N = 35) viewed a positive film clip depicting a congenial interaction between family members. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 31) watched a negative film clip in which a family argument was shown. Younger age and higher levels of trauma‐related psychopathology significantly predicted commission errors to direct questions when the positive family interaction had been viewed, but not when the negative family interaction had been shown. Maltreatment history was not a significant unique predictor of memory performance for the positive or negative film clip. Implications for a scientific understanding of the effects of child maltreatment on memory are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiopulmonary bypass and intra‐aortic balloon pump use is associated with higher short and long term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A PARTNER trial substudy
Authors: Shreenivas Satya S. , Lilly Scott M. , Szeto Wilson Y. , Desai Nimesh , Anwaruddin Saif , Bavaria Joseph E. , Hudock Kristin M. , Thourani Vinod H. , Makkar Raj , Pichard Augusto , Webb John , Dewey Todd , Kapadia Samir , Suri Rakesh M. , Xu Ke , Leon Martin B. , Herrmann Howard C.
Published: December 2014

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the balloon‐expandable Sapien transcatheter heart valve improves survival compared to standard therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and is noninferior to surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients at high operative risk. Nonetheless, a significant proportion of patients may require pre‐emptive or emergent support with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and/or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) during TAVR due to pre‐existing comorbid conditions or as a result of procedural complications. Objectives: We hypothesized that patients who required CPB or IABP would have increased periprocedural complications and reduced long‐term survival. In addition, we sought to determine whether preprocedural variables could predict the need for CPB and IABP. Methods: The study population included 2,525 patients in the PARTNER Trial (Cohort A and B) and the continuing access registry (CAR). Patients that received CPB or IABP were compared to patients that did not receive either, and then further divided into those that received support pre‐TAVR and those that were placed on support emergently. Results: One‐hundred sixty‐three patients (6.5%) were placed on CPB and/or IABP. The use of CPB or IABP was associated with higher 1 year mortality (49.1% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, utilization of CPB or IABP was an independent predictor of 30 day (HR 6.95) and 1‐year (HR 2.56) mortality. Although mortality was highest in emergent cases, mortality was also greater in planned CPB and IABP cases compared with non‐CPB/IABP cases (53.3% and 40.3% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that CPB and IABP use in TAVR portends a poor prognosis and its utilization, particularly in the setting of pre‐emptive use, needs reconsideration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.