bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and progress of bionic scaffolds in nerve repair: a narrative review
Authors: Fang Jiaqi , Nan Liping , Song Kaihang , Weng Zhijie , Shan Junkuan , Shahin Victor , Liu Junjian , Qian Yun
Published: November 2024

Nerve injury can result in severe damage and potentially permanent disability, imposing substantial physical, psychological, and economic burdens on affected individuals and their families. Despite advances in surgical repair techniques, the functional recovery of nerves remains suboptimal. The current therapeutic approaches for nerve injury exhibit limited efficacy in restoring function, underscoring the imperative for the development of innovative treatment modalities. In recent years, bionics has emerged as a promising field in medicine, particularly in the treatment and rehabilitation of nerve injuries. We review the advances in the application of bionic technology within the realm of nerve injury treatment, encompassing bionic nerve scaffolds, nerve regeneration materials, and nerve modulation techniques. We delve into how these technologies may facilitate the repair and functional restoration of nerve tissues, as well as the challenges they encounter in clinical translation and their prospective directions for future development. Furthermore, we explore the convergence of bionic technology with existing therapeutic strategies and discuss the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration to catalyze innovation in nerve injury treatment. The integration of bionics with conventional methods may offer a synergistic approach, enhancing the efficacy of nerve repair and rehabilitation processes.
Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Morphological Patterns of Allergic Contact Dermatitis due to Lac Bangles in Females of Hadoti Region
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kumar Ramesh , Yadav Devendra , Nyati Asha , Jain Suresh Kumar , Panwar Apoorva
Published: November 2024

Background:

India is a country with diverse religious and cultural practices instigating skin diseases which may be missed due to lack of awareness. Contact dermatitis (CD) to lac is not uncommon yet an underreported entity.

Objectives:

To study clinical patterns of allergic CD due to lac bangles and to assess common contact allergens.

Methodology:

A retrospective study was conducted after approval by an ethical committee. Out of 850 patients attending the CD clinic from January 2021 to December 2022, the prevalence of CD lac bangles was 40 (4.7%). After obtaining consent, the history of sites, duration, morphology, and DLQI were recorded from patients’ medical records. Patch testing with Indian standard series (ISS) and raw lac powder mixed with control was done.

Results:

A total of 40 females were evaluated. The mean duration between contact and first symptom was 14.8 ± 10.43 months. Morphology was dry eczematous in 18 (45%), lichenoid in 10 (25%), oozy eczematous in 5 (12.5%), urticarial in 5 (12.5%) and vesiculobullous in 2 (5%) patients. In 14 (35%) females, lesions were disseminated. In 12 (30%) females, CD to bindi (4), lipstick (1), Sindhoor (5), rings (1), and plastic slippers (1) were associated. The mean DLQI was 19.37 ± 3.4. Patch test results were positive with ISS allergen epoxy in 9 (22.5%) patients, nickel in 6 (15%), cobalt in 6 (15%), paraphenylenediamine in 5 (12.5%), and lac in only 2 (5%) patients.

Conclusion:

Data observed in the present study suggests that CD to lac is a distinct clinical entity. Low positivity with lac in patch test proposes the need for standardized testing material.
Shedding New Light on Cutaneous Horns: A Comprehensive Review and Pitfall of Management
Authors: Wan Leo , Park Aileen , Arastu Kamran , Khachemoune Amor
Published: November 2024

A cutaneous horn, also known as cornu cutaneum, is an uncommon protuberance of highly compacted keratinous material from the stratum corneum, resembling an animal horn. Although the cause and pathogenesis of these lesions were long misunderstood, cutaneous horns are now generally recognised to be reactive skin growths that can result from a variety of infectious, malignant, pre-malignant, and benign conditions. Most cutaneous horns are benign, but approximately 16%–20% are malignant, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common malignant underlying aetiology. As the identification of the underlying aetiology necessitates microscopic examination of the base of the cutaneous horn, a major potential pitfall in the diagnosis and management of these lesions lies in the use of improper biopsy technique, which leads to inadequate sampling and failure to correctly identify the underlying aetiology of the lesion. This focused and up-to-date comprehensive review addresses the clinical presentations, epidemiology, aetiology/pathogenesis, histopathology, and differential diagnosis for cutaneous horns. In addition, we provide an overview of the many conditions that may underlie cutaneous horns and the management/treatment of cutaneous horns, including a discussion of proper excision/biopsy technique. Our review aims to enhance understanding and shed light on some of the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous horns, with the goal of improving outcomes for patients presenting with this condition.
Evaluation of Dose Calculation Algorithms Accuracy for ISOgray Treatment Planning System in Motorized Wedged Treatment Fields
Authors: Raghavi Sajjad , Sadoughi Hamid-Reza , Ravari Mohammad Ehsan , Behmadi Marziyeh
Published: November 2024

Background:

Different dose calculation methods vary in accuracy and speed. While most methods sacrifice precision for efficiency Monte Carlo (MC) simulation offers high accuracy but slower calculation. ISOgray treatment planning system (TPS) uses Clarkson, collapsed cone convolution (CCC), and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms for dose distribution. This study’s primary goal is to evaluate the dose calculation accuracy for ISOgray TPS algorithms in the presence of a wedge.

Methods:

This study evaluates the dose calculation algorithms using the ISOgray TPS in the context of radiation therapy. The authors compare ISOgray TPS algorithms on an Elekta Compact LINAC through MC simulations. The study compares MC simulations for open and wedge fields with ISOgray algorithms by using gamma index analysis for validation.

Results:

The percentage depth dose results for all open and wedge fields showed a more than 98% pass rate for points. However, there were differences in the dose profile gamma index results. Open fields passed the gamma index analysis in the in-plane direction, but not all points passed in the cross-plane direction. Wedge fields passed in the cross-plane direction, but not all in the in-plane direction, except for the Clarkson algorithms.

Conclusion:

In all investigated algorithms, error increases in the penumbra areas, outside the field, and at cross-plane of open fields and in-plane direction of wedged fields. By increasing the wedge angle, the discrepancy between the TPS algorithms and MC simulations becomes more pronounced. This discrepancy is attributed to the increased presence of scattered photons and the variation in the delivered dose within the wedge field, consequently impacts the beam quality. While the CCC and FFT algorithms had better accuracy, the Clarkson algorithm, particularly at larger effective wedge angles, exhibited greater effectiveness than the two mentioned algorithms.
Vaidyakulguru Mahakavi Shri Krishnaram Bhatta (1849–1898): A great versifier of Ayurveda therapeutics
Authors: Kumari Monika , Vedi Shashi Kant , Meena Bani Ram
Published: November 2024

Much of the traditional knowledge related to Ayurveda remains with ancient physicians. Born into a distinguished lineage of royal physicians in Jaipur, Rajasthan, Vaidyakulguru Mahakavi Shri Krishnaram Bhatt was an eminent figure of nineteenth-century India, who excelled in both Ayurveda and literature. His lineage boasted of a rich tradition of Ayurvedic practice, which he carried forward with his intellectual expertise and poetic talent. The information related to his personality and his biography has been compiled with the help of the books written by him, texts written by other authors, and by conducting direct interviews with his family members for this article. Apart from being a prominent scholar of Ayurveda, its medicinal preparations, and its uses, he was also an expert in Sanskrit literature, poetry, and prosody. His educational journey under the guidance of eminent scholars earned him recognition as a polymath. His seminal work, “Siddha-Bheshajamanimala,” is a comprehensive guide to Ayurvedic formulations, reflecting his clinical acumen and poetic prowess. Apart from this, Kachchvansh Mahakavya, Sara-Shatakam, Jaipur-Vilas, Aryalankar-Shatakam, and other works are also among his important works. Despite his untimely demise, the legacy of Shri Krishnaram Bhatt continues to enrich the tradition of Ayurveda through his descendants. His life embodies a harmonious blend of Ayurvedic knowledge and literary excellence, leaving an indelible mark on India’s cultural and intellectual landscape and inspiring future generations of Ayurvedic practitioners.
Prabhakar Joshi Nana- Vaidya who revolutionized affordable panchakarma treatments
Authors: Tavhare Swagata Dilip , Joshi Chinmayee Pravin , Sawant Prajakta Dhairyashil , Lingayat Amit C.
Published: November 2024

Vaidya Prabhakar Tanaji Joshi is well known in Ayurvedic circles as Nana. He was a well-known Ayurvedic physician for his ability to treat patients with Panchakarma (five internal bio-cleansing therapies) at a reasonable cost. He was also a social leader who cared for the wellbeing of his community and treated emergency cases with Panchakarma. Since the 1960s, he has devoted his life to practicing, teaching, raising awareness, and promoting acceptance of Ayurveda. He had successfully treated a great deal of cases of measles, chikungunya, infertility, skin illnesses, and even tuberculosis without the need for an anti-tubercular regimen. He had also prevented hysterectomy in several women who had been recommended. He inspired people to cultivate therapeutic plants and established a pharmacy where he could manufacture medicines at low cost. He had written numerous scholarly publications and chaired numerous scientific sessions. He mentored and instructed numerous accomplished Ayurvedic practitioners. Through immense diligence, self-control, empathy, and genuineness, he dedicated his life to advancing the field of Ayurveda.
Integrating Traditions: Dr. Janki Nath Hakim’s Impact on Ayurveda and Unani Medicine in India
Authors: Ratha Kshirod Kumar , Meda Mruthyumjaya Rao
Published: November 2024

Dr. Janki Nath Hakim (1913–1985) was a prominent figure in the development of Ayurveda and Unani medicine in India, leaving a significant legacy within the traditional healthcare and educational sectors. Born into a family of esteemed Unani practitioners in Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, Dr. Hakim earned a B.Sc. and an A.M.S. degree from Banaras Hindu University, fostering a foundation that would enable him to bridge both Ayurveda and Unani systems. Throughout his career, he held influential leadership positions, notably as Principal of Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya in Odisha and the Unani and Tibbia College in Srinagar, where he introduced innovative educational programs. His accomplishments include instituting the BAMS curriculum, launching a postgraduate course in Kayachikitsa at Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, and advancing the institutional presence of Unani and Ayurveda education. Dr. Hakim was also a strong advocate for equal professional recognition for traditional medicine practitioners within Jammu and Kashmir, successfully working to achieve parity with allopathic systems. His legacy, carried forward by his family’s continued involvement in traditional medicine, remains a source of inspiration, contributing to the integration and broader acceptance of Ayurveda and Unani practices within India’s healthcare framework.
Kabiraj Laxman Mishra: A pioneer of Ayurveda and social welfare in Odisha
Authors: Priyadarshinee Otta Susmita
Published: November 2024

Kabiraj Laxman Mishra, a prominent figure in the field of Ayurveda in Odisha, India, dedicated his life to serving patients from low socio-economic backgrounds throughout the region. Born in January 1900 into a Brahmin family, he received his foundational education at Satyabadi Vana Vidyalaya, renowned for its emphasis on moral values and formal learning. He subsequently graduated from Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and began his career in the police department during British rule in Odisha. However, his profound passion for Ayurveda and his fascination with the healing properties of herbs used by tribal communities inspired him to explore and promote traditional herbal medicine for the benefit of ordinary individuals. After retiring from government service, Mishra authored several books in the Odia language addressing various ailments and their Ayurvedic remedies. He established his pharmacy to prepare medicines based on his extensive experience and tested herbal combinations. His legacy continues through his son, the late Kabiraj Ganesh Mishra, and his wife, Dr. Smt. Sailabala Devi, who currently provides treatment at their residence in Puri. In addition to his contributions to Ayurveda, Kabiraj Laxman Mishra played a significant administrative role within the Temple Administration of the Sri Jagannath Temple in Puri. He served as the President of the Governing Body Council of Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya and as Chairperson of the Governing Body Council of Samanta Chandra Sekhar College of Puri. In recognition of his impactful work, he was awarded the title of Ayurveda Siromani in 1987 by the Nikhila Utkala Ayurveda Baidya Sammilani. A committed social worker, Mishra also organized free medical camps to provide essential healthcare services to individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds.
Rasacharya Pandit Chivukula Satyanarayanasastry: A proponent of Rasa Chikitsa and a distinguished litterateur who enriched Ayurveda through Telugu literature
Authors: Gopod Savita P. , Anumol Kumaran
Published: November 2024

Alchemy has two main aspects: Rasa Chikitsa and Rasa Vada. Rasa Chikitsa refers to the therapeutic application of drugs of metal and mineral origin, animal products, and poisonous plant drugs in Ayurveda. On the other hand, Rasa Vada was a branch of chemistry in the Middle Ages concerned with changing base metals into gold and alchemy, which have been around for centuries. Saint Govinda Bhagavatpada, the mentor of Adi Sankaracharya, was a respected practitioner of Rasa Vada and wrote Rasa Hridaya Tantra, considered a pioneering work on Rasa Sastra. Rasacharya Chivukula Satyanarayana Sastry, from Andhra Pradesh, dedicated his life to mastering these two facets and gained notable recognition as a Rasa Vaidya. He was given the esteemed title of Rasacharya, following the footsteps of the renowned scientist Siddha Nagarjuna. Interestingly, no one else in Andhra Pradesh has been given this honor. However, recent discoveries suggest that Sri Bhudev Mookerji was also honored with the title “Rasacharya” for compiling the monumental publication Rasa Jala Nidhi in five volumes. This comprehensive discussion aims to shine a light on the extraordinary life and significant contributions of Rasacharya Sri Chivukula Satyanarayan Sastry, an outstanding figure in Ayurveda.
A journey through the inspiring life of Brahmasri VMC Sankaran Namboodirippad: An eminent toxicologist and an ardent guru
Authors: Shankar K. M. Pratap , Deep Valiparambil Chandran
Published: November 2024

The present paper sheds light on the phenomenal and inspiring life of Brahmasri VMC Sankaran Namboodirippad, a toxicologist in Ayurveda and a renowned physician from the central part of Kerala. The article presents the life profile of Sri Namboodirippad after meticulous documentation through a series of interviews and information from other literary sources. The information available about his childhood life, education, treatment experiences, and contributions as a teacher of Ayurveda is presented here. Sri Namboodirippad, born in an orthodox Namboodiri family, was a multifaceted personality who inspired aspirants of Ayurveda from the new generation not only from India but also from abroad. This article enlists a few of his treatment experiences in various toxicological and disease conditions that enlightened the minds of his students. This article ends with a note on his contribution as a teacher who transformed students from various clans to understand the importance of the fundamentals of Ayurveda in the prevention and treatment of human ailments.
Padmasree Dr. P.R. Krishnakumar – A life truly ahead of time
Authors: Sasikala Asha , Meledam Pratap Shankar Kizhakke , Thugutla Maheswar
Published: November 2024

This study details the life journey of Padma Shri Dr. P. R. Krishnakumar, a luminary who has contributed a lot to elevating Ayurveda’s global standing. This study unveils his childhood, education, and transformative journey through interviews with key informants and family members. It also presents his multi-faceted role as a researcher, manufacturer, academician, and administrator, emphasizing his commitment to maintaining traditional principles in Ayurveda while embracing modernization. Dr. Krishnakumar’s efforts facilitated the global acceptance of Ayurveda through collaborations, clinical trials, and international engagements. This study highlights Dr. P. R. Krishnakumar’s principles, ethos, and lasting legacy in Ayurveda. His life serves as a profound lesson on maintaining balance across diverse roles while contributing to the advancement of Ayurveda on a global stage.
Life profile of Vaidyabhooshanam K. Raghavan Thirumulpadu – An exemplary legend in Ayurveda
Authors: Remya E. , Sreedharan Aswani Pulikunnel
Published: November 2024

Ayurveda is one of the renowned contributions of Traditional Indian Medicine to the globe. Kerala has a rich legacy of Ayurveda, which has flourished and is supported by many distinguished traditional Vaidya families and legends. Shri Padmabhooshan Vaidyabhooshanam K. Raghavan Thirumulpadu (VKRT) is an impeccable contribution of Kerala for its Ayurvedic heritage. VKRT was a perfect blend of knowledge in Ayurvedic principles and practice and contemporary medical science. This article presents the life profile of VKRT, a profound Ayurvedic physician, prolific writer, and philosopher. This work is based on interviews conducted with his son Dr. K. Murali, his disciple Dr. M. Prasad and books and articles written by and on VKRT. The article highlights the various domains of VKRT’s personal and professional life. VKRT’s early life and education, destiny to study Ayurveda, multiple realms of his professional life, awards and achievements are discussed in detail.
Professor Damodar Joshi: A life that shaped the Ayurveda Pharmaceutics
Authors: Singh Thakur Rakesh , Singh Yashika , Joshi Yogeshwar Prasad
Published: November 2024

The study presents a comprehensive life profile of Professor (Prof.) Damodar Joshi and his professional trajectory within the domain of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. His pivotal role in integrating Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana with contemporary scientific paradigms, specifically focusing on the analysis and advancements related to mineral/metallic formulations derived from different metal and mineral sources, is highly regarded in modern Rasa Shastra. The present study unfolds Prof. Damodar Joshi’s scientific accomplishments, advances in literature, and resolution of scientific quandaries under his mentorship, as well as his professional journey, post-retirement contributions, research publications, and an array of awards and recognitions received.
Life profile of Prof. Premvati Tewari: A visionary who pioneered the specialties of Prasuti Tantra, Stree-Roga, and Balaroga
Authors: Singh Renu , Prakash Om
Published: November 2024

Dr. Premvati Tiwari, an Ayurvedic luminary, was born and raised in a society that offered few opportunities for women to pursue studies. With her family’s support and firm resolve, she paved the way to become a successful academician, clinician, and researcher in the fields of Prasuti Tantra, Stree-Roga, and Balaroga. She was a proficient writer, excellent practitioner, and surgeon. She was a member of various governing bodies, selection committees, and research groups and a recipient of several national-level awards in Ayurvedic Sciences. She supervised over 70 MD and PhD scholars and authored many research articles and books. The life and contributions of Dr. Premvati Tiwari would inspire generations to come as an idol of perseverance, hard work, dedication, and service to society.
Kaviraj Gangadhar Roy: Catalyst of Ayurveda’s revival in the 19th century
Authors: Saha Suparna , Bhushan Shakti , Gajji Babu
Published: November 2024

Kaviraj Gangadhar Roy was a prominent figure in the nineteenth century who played a crucial role in revitalizing Ayurveda, which had been neglected during Muslim rule. His significant contributions include founding the Gangadhar Niketan in Murshidabad, which marked the beginning of the “Gangadhar Era,” which restored Ayurveda’s importance in the nation. His commentary on the Charak Samhita titled “Jalpakalpataru” is highly regarded for its innovative insights into Ayurvedic philosophy. He authored 76 books covering Ayurveda and Sanskrit literature, which enriched the field and attracted many scholars, including Dwarakanath Sen and Pareshnath Sen. The influence of his teachings reached cities like Jaipur, Haridwar, Varanasi, and Delhi, demonstrating his lasting legacy in shaping modern Ayurvedic practices. This brief overview highlights Kaviraj Gangadhar Roy’s crucial role in the revival of Ayurveda and the significant impact of his disciples on the field.
Ionotropic glycine receptor in nonexcitable cells in regenerative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Al-Halboosi Dhamyaa Abed Najm , Savchenko Olena , Sylantyev Sergiy
Published: November 2024

The vast majority of ionotropic glycine receptor research has historically concentrated on receptor function in neurons and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in myocytes. However, an ever-increasing volume of experimental data indicates the important role of glycine receptor in cytoprotective and modulatory effects in nonexcitable cells and tissues. The key mechanisms underlying these glycine receptor effects are connected to the regulation of the electrical potential of the plasmalemma, Ca2+ influx from the extracellular media, and Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum. These mechanisms trigger a complex network of biochemical signaling pathways that, in turn, partially regulate glycine receptor activity. In addition, glycine effects in several cell types suggest the existence of modulatory signaling chains of a yet unknown nature. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate the important role of the glycine receptor in understudied (although widespread) molecular and cellular mechanisms of potentially high significance. Therefore, we provide a brief review of glycine receptor effects on different types of nonexcitable cells, and we believe that targeting glycine receptor in nonexcitable cells is a potential strategy for regenerative medicine in the clinic.
Dual roles of microglia in the pathological injury and repair of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Tan Lulin , Liang Jingyan , Wang Xingyi , Wang Yingge , Xiong Tianqing
Published: November 2024

Microglia are one of the most important immune cells in the central nervous system, which mainly play an immune surveillance role under normal conditions to maintain central nervous system homeostasis. In the early stages of hemorrhagic brain injury, microglia are activated to the classical phenotype (M1 type). At this time, microglia can promote the inflammatory response by secreting inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, thereby disrupting the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, this leads to neuronal cell necrosis, aggravates brain edema, and triggers secondary brain injury. However, in the later stages of hemorrhagic brain injury, microglia can switch from the M1 phenotype to the alternative activating M2 phenotype. This transition allows them to participate in the repair process of the nervous system after a brain hemorrhage. They achieve this by phagocytosing tissue debris, secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines, and releasing growth factors to suppress the overacting inflammatory response and promote angiogenesis. Therefore, this paper presents an account of cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, with a primary focus on exploring the role of microglia in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. The aim is to provide new perspectives for basic and clinical translational research in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease.
Evolution of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Diagnostics: Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System and Biomarkers
Authors: Deshpande Rohit Sanjay , Gorsi Ujjwal , Mavuduru Ravimohan Suryanarayan
Published: November 2024

The majority of bladder cancer cases are non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and prompt, precise identification is crucial for optimal patient care. NMIBC diagnostic techniques have changed dramatically over time due to the necessity to enhance monitoring, risk assessment, and early identification. The discovery of biomarkers that can enhance diagnostic precision and outcome prediction, as well as the development of innovative imaging methods like the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS), are two significant areas of progress.
Alternative Therapy to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guerin in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Arulraj Kevin , Ghorai Rudra Prasad , Nayak Brusabhanu
Published: November 2024

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for intermediate and high-risk bladder cancers following complete resection. However, up to 45% of patients receiving BCG experience treatment failure. High failure rates along with increased toxicity and a global shortage of BCG availability have led to the search for alternative agents which can replace BCG. These agents can be used as second-line therapies after BCG failure before considering patients for radical cystectomy. Intravesical chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine, docetaxel, valrubicin, sequential gemcitabine-docetaxel, and sequential valrubicin-docetaxel have been shown to yield comparable or better outcomes compared to BCG with low toxicity. Newer methods of drug delivery such as chemohyperthermia (CHT), electromotive drug administration (EMDA) and targeted releasing system 200 (TAR-200) have been reported to amplify drug delivery and enhance outcomes. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab has been used for BCG unresponsive disease with satisfactory response rates but with a higher risk of adverse events. A newer immunotherapeutic agent, ALT-803/N-803, which is an interleukin 15 superagonist, has shown promising short-term results. Novel oncolytic viral delivery systems such as nadofaragene-firadenovac, CG0070, CG0070-pembrolizumab have been shown to alter immune response and destroy malignant cells with good short-term outcomes. The number of BCG alternatives has surged in the recent past and newer agents continue to emerge. Expanding the study populations and long-term follow-up will enable affirming these alternatives as BCG equivalents in the future.
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor – Elements of the Surgical Technique
Authors: Rohith Gorrepati , Pal Bipin Chandra , Panda Arabind
Published: November 2024

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is one of the common uro-oncological interventions for diagnosing, staging, and treating bladder cancer, particularly in non–muscle-invasive and select muscle-invasive cases. As a minimally invasive, repeatable procedure performed through natural orifices, TURBT aims to achieve complete tumor excision and provide sufficient tissue for histopathological evaluation, including tumor type, grade, and stage. However, considerable variability in the technical proficiency of urologists affects the quality of resection and clinical outcomes. Evidence suggests optimal results are typically attained after 100 to 170 TURBT procedures, particularly in complex cases. To enhance surgical quality and reduce the likelihood of early recurrence, particularly in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer, the adoption of standardized protocols and surgical checklists is recommended. Despite its deceptively simple appearance, TURBT remains the cornerstone of bladder cancer management, with continuous refinement in surgical technique and adherence to best practices critical for achieving favorable oncological outcomes.
Challenges with the Management of Young Women’s Breast Cancer in Gulf Countries and the Middle East
Authors: Al Ajmi Adil Aljarrah , Ayaad Omar , Al Aghbari Suad , Al Balushi Mahim Nasser , Koziha Eman K. , Al-Ishaq Zaid , Al-Baimani Khalid , Al-Qassabi Badriya S. , Pignol Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer (BC) remains a significant concern among young women aged <40 years, particularly in the Middle East, where the incidence rates are rising. Many advancements in treating BC at this young age are studied in Western countries. Therefore, understanding the unique challenges faced by this demographic group is vital for tailored interventions, as they often experience distinct risk factors, disease characteristics, and outcomes compared to older women. A systematic literature search was conducted to find relevant recent studies published between 2019 and 2024. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: “breast cancer” AND “Middle East” AND (“awareness” OR “knowledge” OR “screening” OR “quality of life” OR “incidence” OR “histology” OR “stage” OR “grade” OR “survival rates” OR “risk factors” OR “genetic predispositions” OR “epidemiology”). The four available cancer registries in the Middle East were also reviewed, and incidence rates from the global burden of disease were extracted. This study explores various aspects of BC among young women in the Middle East, including epidemiology, stage and grade distribution, histological subtypes, molecular and genetic profiles, and prognosis and survival outcomes. Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed, and two breast specialists reviewed the titles and abstracts. One hundred and thirty-seven articles were excluded from the 177 titles after title and abstract review. The findings highlight significant variations in awareness, screening practices, and treatment modalities across the region. We concluded that the Middle East region faces significant challenges with BC in young women. The higher burden compared to Western countries is due to its high frequency in the BC population and the more advanced stage at presentation. This could be linked to lower awareness, challenging healthcare access, cultural stigmas, and potential differences in genetic and lifestyle factors. There is a need for improved public health initiatives.
Exploring Differences in Breast Cancer Presentation, Recurrence and Survival by Race/Ethnicity among Young Women in the Prospective PYNK Database
Authors: Chehade Rania , Juni Yonina , Zhu Jie Wei , Tavanger Farideh , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Warner Ellen
Published: November 2024

Background:

While socioeconomic factors contribute to most of the disparities in breast cancer (BC) outcomes between countries, the contribution of biological factors related to race/ethnicity has not been fully explored. Using our prospective database of young BC patients referred from the Greater Toronto Area, we compared clinical/pathological features of the BC, distant recurrence-free survival, and BC-specific survival according to patient race/ethnicity.

Methods:

A chart review was conducted of the 240 women aged 40 years and younger with a new diagnosis of BC who were seen at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center (an academic tertiary referral cancer center in multiethnic Toronto, Canada) between February 2008 and January 2015 and enrolled in the prospective PYNK database. Associations between patients’ race/ethnicity (classified into five groups) and personal characteristics (age, weight, education, and estimated household income), results of germ-line genetic testing, tumor characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results:

Among the 209 women (87%) for whom parental race/ethnicity was known and who were not of “mixed” ancestry, race/ethnicity was as follows: Caucasian 57.4% (n = 120), Black 8.6% (n = 18), East Asian 15.8% (n = 33), South Asian 8.6% (n = 18), and South-East Asian 9.6% (n = 20). Median age at the diagnosis of BC was 37. Median tumor size was 2.5 cm, and 58% had lymph node involvement. The majority of patients had hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC, 26% had HER2-positive disease, and 13% had triple-negative BC (TNBC). One hundred and seventy-five (83.7%) patients were treated with chemotherapy, 51 (29.1%) of whom received it in the neoadjuvant setting. There were no statistically significant differences in median age, residence type (urban vs. rural), income level, germ-line genetic test results, tumor histology (lobular vs. ductal), BC subtype, stage of disease at presentation, or proportion of patients who received chemotherapy across the various racial/ethnic groups. With a median follow-up of 10.5 years, South Asian women had a nonsignificantly higher risk of distant recurrence and BC-specific death compared with Caucasian women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–3.29, P = 0.627 and HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.48–4.16, P = 0.521, respectively), while East Asian ethnicity was associated with lowest risk of distant recurrence (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.18–1.49, P = 0.224) and BC-related death (HR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.08–1.53, P = 0.167).

Conclusion:

Our study shows interesting trends of worse BC outcomes among South Asian women and better outcomes among those of East Asian descent. Future validation of our findings in a larger cohort of young women with BC would be of interest.
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 6.0Al - 2.0Sn - 4.0Zr - 6.0Mo Solution Heat Treated and Aged
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm) in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, inclusive, and maximum cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206.5 cm2), forgings of thickness up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, and maximum cross-sectional area of 32 square inches (206.5 cm2), and stock for forging of any size (see 8.6).
Tantalum Alloy, Bars and Rods, 90Ta - 10W
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: November 2024

This specification covers a tantalum alloy in the form of bars and rods up through 3.5 inches (88.9 mm), inclusive (see 8.5).
Motorcycle Turn Signal Lamp
Authors:   Motorcycle Lighting Standards Committee
Published: November 2024

This SAE Standard provides test procedures, requirements, and guidelines for motorcycle turn signal lamps. It does not apply to mopeds.
Ethnomathematics and renewable education in the village of Tanjungjaya Village, Panimbang District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten
Authors: Putra S Deva
Published: November 2024

This study explores the integration of ethnomathematics and renewable education in Pandeglan village, Tanjung Jaya, Banten, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, it explores how indigenous mathematical practices can be integrated into formal education alongside modern technology. The findings reveal that ethnomathematics is deeply embedded in the daily life of the village, especially in agriculture and traditional crafts. Local practices show that geometry and measurement concepts are intuitively applied. In schools, teachers are beginning to incorporate these cultural elements into math lessons, increasing students' motivation and understanding. Some schools demonstrate their commitment to renewable education by adopting computer technology and internet-based teaching materials. However, there are significant implementation challenges, such as limited infrastructure and insufficient teacher training in educational technology. The integration of ethnomathematics and renewable education shows promise in developing students' mathematical and cultural understanding. This approach connects abstract concepts to familiar contexts while introducing modern learning tools. Challenges faced include inadequate technology access, unstable internet connections and teachers' low proficiency with digital tools. The study recommends improving technology infrastructure, conducting regular teacher trainings, developing culturally appropriate educational practices, and fostering collaboration between schools, government and higher education institutions. In conclusion, the study shows that combining ethnomathematics and renewable education has the potential to improve the quality of education in rural areas. It highlights the importance of contextualizing learning within local culture while using modern educational technologies. With appropriate support and implementation, this integrated approach can serve as a model for strengthening education in similar rural contexts.
Generalized and Improved Human Activity Recognition for Real-Time Wellness Monitoring
Authors: Qurban Memon  , Mohammed Al Ameri  , Namya Musthafa
Published: November 2024

Human activity categorization using smartphone data can be useful for physicians in real-time data monitoring in sports or lifestyle monitoring. The goal of this research is to develop a methodology that can identify strong machine-learning classifiers applied to various human activity datasets. The first step is pre-processing the data, followed by feature extraction, selection, and classification. Relying on a single dataset does not yield high confidence in the findings. Instead, examining multiple datasets is crucial for a comprehensive understanding, as it avoids the pitfalls of basing conclusions on one dataset alone. Multiple datasets and classifiers are applied in different experiments to achieve improved and generalized human activity recognition performance. Experimental results of the support vector machine (SVM) with its generalized performance of 99% encourage us to use the trained SVM-based model to monitor normal human activities inside the home, in the park, in the gym, etc. enhancing wellness monitoring.
Interactive and technology-based math learning methods in high school. Report on daily experience
Authors: DRUȚĂ Rodica
Published: November 2024

The article delves into innovative approaches to teaching mathematics in high school environments, emphasizing interactive, action-oriented, and technological methods that incorporate real-life relevant content. The pedagogical experience presented underscores the importance of student engagement in the learning process and the utilization of technology to augment interactivity and comprehension. By aligning mathematical content with student's everyday experiences, this approach aims to render the subject more accessible and captivating for students.
The methodology of studying mechanical oscillations
Authors: CEBOTARI Rodica , POSTOLACHI Igor , POSTOLACHI Valentina
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the methodology of studying the content unit "Mechanical oscillations in the physics school course. Oscillatory and undulating motions are one of the most widespread motions in nature. The study of oscillations and waves is a powerful tool of knowledge, a universal key to many secrets of nature. Experiments are listed/described for each topic and some computer models are proposed to facilitate the teacher's work. Computer models fit easily into a traditional lesson, allowing the teacher to demonstrate many physical effects in the field of mechanical oscillations. Computer models allow the teacher to organize new, non-traditional types of educational activities.
ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY OF WORKERS DURING WORKS ON 35 kV DOUBLE-CIRCUIT OVERHEAD ROWER LINES
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Grbić Maja , Pavlović Aleksandar ,   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Jasika Ranko ,   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Obradović Stefan ,   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Maksić Katarina ,   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Ristović Nenad ,   Elektrodistribucija Srbije d.o.o. Beograd, Republika Srbija, Petrović Časlav ,   Elektrodistribucija Srbije d.o.o. Beograd, Republika Srbija
Published: November 2024

The topic of the paper is the analysis of the safety of workers during works on 35 kV double-circuit overhead power line. The analysis was carried out on a real example of two 35 kV distribution power lines, which are installed on the same towers along one part of their routes. The case when works are performed on a single-circuit section of one of the lines, while the other line is in operation as well as when a single-phase ground fault occurs on the other line was analyzed. The analysis is based on the results of calculations and includes the risk of touch and step voltages in the vicinity of the tower on which work is being performed, as well as the risk in the event that the worker touches the phase conductor of the line on which work is being performed before it is grounded to the tower.
ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY LEVELS IN THE INCREASED SENSITIVITY AREAS LOCATED ABOVE THE 10/0.4 kV SUBSTATIONS
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Grbić Maja , Pavlović Aleksandar ,   University of Belgrade, Nikola Tesla Institute of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering
Published: November 2024

Previous research has shown that 10/0.4 kV substations located inside buildings, where the 0.4 kV busbars connecting the transformer and 0.4 kV switchboard are located in the immediate vicinity of the ceiling, represent a significant source of magnetic field. If an increased sensitivity area is located immediately above, the substation is categorized as a non-ionizing radiation source of special interest. The paper shows, on real examples, which levels of magnetic flux density occur in these cases. The values of magnetic flux density that would occur in the case of the transformer rated load are determined by calculations. The model of the busbars used for calculations was previously verified by comparison with the measurement results. The calculations are repeated for different distances between the busbars and the ceiling, different distances between the busbars and for different values of the transformer rated load. The obtained results are compared with the reference level prescribed by the national legislation on protection against non-ionizing radiation for the increased sensitivity areas.
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION IN THE DIRECTION OF EFFICIENT REPORTING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CONTROL CENTERS
Authors:   „Elektrokrajina” a.d. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina, Runjić Siniša , Marinković Una ,   „Elektrokrajina” a.d. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina
Published: November 2024

With the introduction of SCADA, ODS "Elektrokrajina" a.d. Banja Luka not only received a display on which dispatchers perform monitoring and command, but also a database in which information of interest is located. Only certain persons have access to the database for security reasons. Extracting data of interest from the database for certain sectors in a large company such as ODS "Elektrokrajina" a.d. Banja Luka requires a lot of time for one or two people who deal with it. Fortunately, the programming language "Python" has various libraries that can serve the purpose of creating programming modules that will automate and speed up the process. This paper will describe three program modules: "Description of signal quality" - a program module which, based on the data in the database, which is stored as a decimal number, converts it into a hexadecimal number, then compares it with predetermined hexadecimal values found in a special excel table and prints out the quality of the signal, "Print all commands sent by dispatchers for the previous day" - a program module that serves to retrieve from the database all the commands sent by the dispatchers via SCADA for the past day, creating an excel table and sending it adequately by e-mail to all the necessary addressesand and "Creating a file that serves for adequate communication between two SCADAs" – a program module that serves to access the database, download adequate data from the database, and adequately insert data at a predetermined place in the file that serves for communication between two SCADAs.
Efektifitas Program Digitalisasi untuk UMKM Pesantren dan Umum
Authors: Kusairi Heri , Abady Chusnul
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis efektivitas program digitalisasi yang diterapkan pada sektor Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), baik di lingkungan pesantren maupun di masyarakat umum sekitar wilayah Jombang, dalam meningkatkan kinerja usaha. Program digitalisasi ini mengintegrasikan strategi pemasaran daring untuk memperluas jangkauan produk lokal sehingga produk dapat dikenal lebih luas oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, di mana pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung terhadap UMKM yang terlibat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program digitalisasi ini efektif dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan performa UMKM, baik di pesantren maupun di kalangan umum, khususnya pada periode 2023-2024.
Clinical Features Associated with Nasal Staphylococcus aureus Colonisation in Chinese Children with Moderate-to-severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Hon KLE , Lam MCA , Leung TF , Kam WYC , Li MCA , Ip M , Fok TF
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus colonisation/infection is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Materials and Methods: We evaluated the nasal and body swabs of Chinese children with moderate-to-severe AD as assessed using SCORing-Atopic-Dermatitis (SCORAD) score. Swabs were taken from the right nostril, 5 flexural sites (anterior neck, antecubital fossae and popliteal fossae) and the skin area most severely affected (with oozing/crusting) for bacteriologic culture.

Results: Fifty-five children (30 males and 25 females) were evaluated. Moderate-to-heavy growth of S. aureus was present in 12 (22%) of the nasal swabs, and in 1 or more flexural swabs of 32 (58%) of these children. Only 7 (35%) out of the 20 patients who had swabs taken from the worst skin area had moderate-to-heavy growth of S. aureus. Significant nasal S. aureus colonisation was associated with higher total (P = 0.029) and objective SCORAD scores (P = 0.040), more extensive disease (P = 0.025), the presence of oozing or crusting (P = 0.023) and higher eosinophil counts (P = 0.038). All specimens of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus were sensitive to cloxacillin and 71% to erythromycin. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), sensitive to vancomycin, was only isolated in 1 patient.

Conclusions: In this study, S. aureus is a principal pathogen. Cloxacillin and first-generation cephalosporins have a favourable sensitivity profile even in children with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis. The anterior nares are an important harbour for S. aureus and significant nasal S. aureus colonisation was clinically associated with more extensive lesions and the presence of oozing or crusting.