bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical properties and mass spectra of meson systems via Nikiforov-Uvarov method
Authors: HORCHANI RIDHA , KHARUSI OMAMA AL , IKOT AKPAN N , AHMED FAIZUDDIN
Published: June 2024

In this study, we analyze the mass spectra of meson systems within an N-dimensional space using the Killingbeck potential combined with an inversely quadratic potential (KPIQP). We employ the Nikiforov-Uvarov method along with the Pekeris approximation scheme to account for the centrifugal barrier. This approach enables us to compute numerical energy eigenvalues, normalized eigenfunctions, and mass spectra for both heavy and heavy-light meson systems. We explore various scenarios of the potential and find that the resulting energy eigenvalues are consistent with those obtained through previous analytical methods and experimental data. Additionally, we compute the thermodynamic properties of quarkonium particles, including mean energy, specific heat, free energy, and entropy. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of temperature and the dimensionality number on meson masses and thermodynamic properties, providing valuable insights into the behavior of meson systems under different conditions.
Gaps in long lasting insecticide-treated net coverage 2 years after a mass distribution campaign in central Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sih Colette , Assi Serge Brice , Talbot Benoit , Dangbenon Edouard , Kulkarni Manisha A. , Koffi Alphonsine A. , Alou Ludovic P. Ahoua , Messenger Louisa A. , Zoh Marius Gonse , Camara Soromane , Protopopoff Natacha , N’Guessan Raphael , Cook Jackie
Published: June 2024

Background
To reduce malaria burden in Côte d'Ivoire, the Ministry of Health aims for 90% of its population to possess one long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) for every two persons by 2025. Furthermore, some studies recommend measuring LLIN access within sleeping units to improve the accuracy of coverage indicators. This study evaluated LLIN coverage two years after a mass distribution in central Côte d'Ivoire.
Methods
A census was conducted in 43 villages. Data were collected on household geo-position, composition, number of sleeping units and LLINs owned. LLIN coverage was assessed using: 1/ ownership; proportion of household with at least one LLIN; 2/household access; households with sufficient nets for every two persons and for every sleeping unit; and 3/ population access; proportion of population with access to LLIN within households and sleeping units.
Results
10,630 households (89.6% response rate) and 46,619 inhabitants were recruited. Household LLIN ownership was 63.8% (95%CI: 58.7–68.8). Household LLIN access was 37.6% (95%CI: 33.2–42.0) based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 37.1% (95%CI: 33.0-41.2) based on 1 net per sleeping unit. Population LLIN access based on 1 LLIN per 2 persons and 1 net per sleeping space was 53.3% (95%CI: 48.6–58.1) and 49.4% (95%CI: 45.1–53.6) respectively. Approximately 17% of households with access for every 2 persons did not have access by every sleeping unit and 9.7% of households with access by sleeping unit did not have access for every 2 persons. Households with adequate access by sleeping unit but not for every 2 persons tend to be larger with fewer sleeping units, and have children under five years old and female members. The largest households (> 7 members) and households with at least one under-five member had the lowest access (20.8% and 27.3% respectively).
Conclusion
LLIN access was low in this area of intense indoor malaria transmission, 2 years after the last mass distribution campaign. Strategies are needed to improve LLINs coverage.
Subcellular Localization of the P2X4 Receptor in Cochlear Sensory Hair Cells
Authors: Huang Ziyin Silver , Ross Jacqueline M , Lin Shelly CY , Roy Kevin , Vlajkovic Srdjan M , Thorne Peter R. , Suzuki-Kerr Haruna
Published: June 2024

Our sense of hearing starts in the inner ear organ, the cochlea, which contains two types of auditory hair cells for signal transduction. Earlier research showed that the complex cochlear physiology is regulated in part by purinergic signalling through activations of purine mediated P2X, P2Y and adenosine receptors expressed in the cochlea. This study aims to extend our knowledge of purinergic signalling in the cochlea by comprehensively characterizing the expression of P2X4 receptor subtype. Wistar rat cochlea (embryonic day 20.5–6 weeks, both sexes) were collected and the P2X4 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Robust P2X4 expression was found in the organ of Corti (OoC) in the inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs), confirmed by double-labelling with HCs marker Myosin VIIa. In IHCs, a robust cytoplasmic P2X4 expression occurred throughout the cell body, with the most intense signal at the medial side. In OHCs, P2X4 formed puncta near the apical and basal ends of the cell body. Using markers for subcellular organelles, P2X4 immunoreactivity was associated mostly with the trans-Golgi network apparatus (27%) and early endosomes (26%) in IHC, and early endosomes (42.3%) and lysosomes (32.4%) in OHC in the mature cochlea. Taken together, these observations suggest unique roles for P2X4 in mature IHCs and OHCs as a purinergic receptor subtype responsible for homeostatic regulation of hair cells and auditory sensory transduction.
A Loss-initiated GAN-based Convolutional LSTM Method for Compression and Motion Estimation-Based Objective Enhancement in Images and Videos
Authors: Mudhavath Ramesh Naik , Kumar Jayendra , Yadav Arvind R , Kumar Roshan
Published: June 2024

The issues of finding a suitable loss function for perceived similarity and enhancing perceptual quality in substantially compressed videos still need to be resolved. The LIGAN-Conv-LSTM is a convolutional long-short-term memory system that integrates a loss-initialised generative adversarial network. This system was developed to address the challenge of defining unified training objectives that improve both rough and smooth content. The goal is to enhance compression quality by employing advanced feature selection and prediction techniques. The study begins by presenting a comprehensive examination of multimedia, emphasising its diverse attributes, encompassing retention, awareness, conversation, and knowledge. The research employs Shape Local Binary Texture (SLBT), Overlapped Segmentation-based Independent Component Analysis (OS-ICA), and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) as approaches to extract useful features. Furthermore, this research acknowledges the necessity for enhanced motion estimates. To address this, a hybrid technique is proposed to integrate the most advantageous elements of coyote and tuna swarm optimisation. The objective is to enhance the accessibility of feature selection, a crucial factor in improving classifier performance. The primary contribution of the research involves replacing standard motion estimating algorithms with a Conv-LSTM network, enabling the prediction of concise latent representations for future frames. The study's results emphasise the efficacy of the proposed hybrid search algorithm in achieving a high level of matching accuracy, as demonstrated by testing on a representative collection of video clips. The planned task's accuracy level is 97.73, demonstrating its cost-effective productivity.
A dilemma study of the traffic flow system emerged due to the lane-change by follower’s tailgating effect
Authors: Sueyoshi Fumi , Hossain Md. Anowar , Tanimoto Jun
Published: June 2024

In this study, a virtual traffic system has been developed by establishing a brand-new Cellular Automata (CA) traffic model to figure out adequate strategies that can be implemented in actual traffic systems to optimize road capability. We investigate the flow efficiency and social dilemma that emerged due to the defector drivers in a traffic flow system, who are highly aggressive in driving and impose threatening/pushing effects on their preceding while they are tailgating. The evolutionary game theory, which is one of the most efficient tools in the decision-making process, has been utilized to identify the Social Efficiency Deficit (SED), which means the dilemma strength of those games. We introduced a new lane-changing protocol for the preceding vehicle, considering the threatening effects given by the aggressive follower. This investigation explored several case studies defining various strategies for cofactors and defectors. We conducted a series of multi-agent simulations on this traffic flow system and experienced the Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) and the Quasi-Prisoner’s Dilemma game with diverse dilemma strengths for four different strategies for cooperators and defectors.
Estimation of infected area and its severity in chest X-ray images of tuberculosis patients
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: June 2024

Despite much research, tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health burden in both developing and advanced countries. Diagnosis of tuberculosis still rely on chest X-ray images which are interpreted qualitatively by radiologist. Hence, much pathological conditions useful for formulating a treatment plan elude detection. This work aims to develop quantitative methods for determining the extent of tuberculosis infection, and quantify the relative proportion of moderate and severe infections in different parts of the lung. Using MATLAB software developed for this study, quantitative analysis of 15 TB infected and 6 latent TB cases reveals higher light intensity in TB infected and latent TB cases relative to normal lung. More importantly, analysis of infected area for pixel intensity > 35 indicates TB infection spread throughout the lung and is considered a systemic disease. In cases of pixel intensity > 90 (moderate to severe), and pixel intensity > 150 (severe) infected area, both TB infected and latent TB presents with these infections to a significant degree, and less burden for latent TB cases. Overall, the top right lung persistently present with less moderate and severe TB infections, and is the region that can be resuscitated in severe TB pneumonia. Additionally, this work also reveals latent TB as an aggressive lung disease likely kept in check by a relatively strong immune system that prevented whole body physiological collapse.
Nutrient Centric-Focused Restructuring Yields Greater Cross-benefit in Indian Agriculture
Authors: Goyal Shekhar Sharan , Kumar Rohini , Bhatia Udit
Published: June 2024

Addressing sustainability within food systems is challenging due to their multifaceted nature. Our study focuses on the Indian agricultural system, where the balance of nutrient management and water conservation is crucial, yet in tandem being underexplored. We show that the nitrogen-focused crop restructuring strategy reduces the nitrogen surplus by 16–24% and water use by 20–40% compared to the 2017 baseline year. This approach not only improves farmer income and calorie production, but also mitigates greenhouse gas emissions (by 28%; 113 Mt CO2 eq). Further, the nitrogen-focused approach is 5 times more efficient in delivering cross-benefits, compared to water-focused approaches, resulting in a decrease in socio-environmental costs associated with nitrogen pollution of around $1.97 billion USD. The consequential agricultural restructuring results in 4.3 times increase in the volume of alternative crop trade in interstate trade network. Overall, our analysis presents a compelling case for India and, by extension, global agricultural practices to conscientiously integrate nutrient management into their strategies while advocating for environmental sustainability objectives.
Research on the ecology and impacts of invasive alien species: a systematic literature review
Authors: AÏKPON Gorgias , GANGLO Jean Cossi
Published: June 2024

Throughout history, the spread of many species of plants, animals and other organisms has been governed by natural processes. The advent of globalisation, the development of trade and people movement have largely contributed to the spread of many species around the world. As a result, species are continually being introduced into new ecological zones. Some of them are establishing themselves as harmful invaders. Their wide distribution has given rise to numerous concerns due to their negative impacts on natural ecosystems and the disappearance of local species, resulting in a loss of biodiversity. Unfortunately, these problems are often perceived at a late stage. There is an urgent need to highlight the repercussions of these species. The aim of this work is to highlight the state of research on the ecology and impacts of invasive alien species in order to provide guidance for research and decision-making. This study used a dual approach combining bibliometric analyses and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) protocol. VOSviewer and R software were used to generate relevant illustrations. The data analysed reveals a sustained growth in the number of scientific publications on the topic. This trend reflects the growing interest of researchers in the issue of invasive alien species, which is considered as a major subject for study. However, it has to be said that most of this work is not part of a national policy that includes concrete measures to be implemented by governments. It is therefore a priority to increase the volume of relevant studies aimed at establishing a link between fundamental data on invasive alien species and management programmes and policies at local, regional and national levels.
Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and distribution of Candida species among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Musinguzi Benson , Obuku Ekwaro A. , Kinengyere Alison Annet , Ndagire Regina , Baguma Andrew , Mwesigwa Alex , Itabangi Herbert , Mboowa Gerald , Sande Obondo James , Achan Beatrice
Published: June 2024

Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa is on the rise. Oropharyngeal candidiasis is mainly caused by C. albicans; however, a shift in the etiology towards non-Candida albicans species is increasing. In addition, there are variations in the epidemiological distribution of Candida species causing oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa.
Objective: This review aimed to determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the distribution of Candida species among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review protocol was registered in the base PROSPERO database prior to its conduct (CRD42021254473). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol guidelines (PRISMA-P) were followed for this study. The PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE databases were searched to identify published studies published between 1st January 2000 and 8th October 2022. The eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis and analyzed using a random effects model. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool for prevalence studies.
Results: The database search yielded 370 titles from PubMed (n=192), EMBASE (n=162) and SCOPUS (n=16). Fourteen studies with a total of 3,863 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis was 49.0% (95% CI: 37% - 62%). A total of 2,688 Candida isolates were reported; approximately 76.6% (n=2,060) were C. albicans, and 21.7% (n=582) were non-C. albicans. Among the non-Candida albicans species, C. glabrata was the most common isolate (29.6%), followed by C. tropicalis (27.7%), C. krusei (17.0%), C. parapsilosis (8.1%) and C. dubliniensis (5.2%). Out of 14 studies, 7 (50.0%) had a low risk of bias, 5 (35.7%) had a moderate risk of bias, and 2 (14.3%) had a high risk of bias.
Conclusion: Almost half of people living with HIV in Africa have oropharyngeal candidiasis, and C. albicans remains the most frequent cause of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
An open-access database of nature-based carbon offset project boundaries
Authors: Karnik Akshata , Kilbride John B. , Goodbody Tristan R.H. , Ross Rachael , Ayrey Elias
Published: June 2024

Nature-based climate solutions (NBS) have become an important component of strategies aiming to reduce atmospheric CO2 and mitigate climate change impacts. Carbon offsets have emerged as one of the most widely implemented NBS strategies, however, these projects have also been criticized for exaggerating offsets. Verifying the efficacy of NBS-derived carbon offset is complicated by a lack of readily available geospatial boundary data. Herein, we detail methods and present a database of nature-based offset project boundaries. This database provides the locations of 575 NBS projects distributed across 55 countries. Geospatial boundaries were aggregated using a combination of scraping data from carbon project registries (n=433, 75.3%) as well as manual georeferencing and digitization (n=127, 22.1%). Database entries include three varieties of carbon projects: avoided deforestation, afforestation, reforestation and re-vegetation, and improved forest management. An accuracy assessment of the georeferencing and digitizing process indicated a high degree of accuracy (intersection over union score of 0.98 ± 0.015).
Heisenbergova kritika principa kauzaliteta sagledana u svjetlu Kantove distinkcije opažajnih i iskustvenih sudova
Authors: Laketa Saša
Published: June 2024

U radu ćemo dovesti u pitanje Heisenbergovu tvrdnju da nepredvidljivost iskustvenih nalaza kvantne fizike aficira i samorazumljivi stav o općenitoj i nužnoj prirodi principa kauzaliteta. Odgovor na navedenu nepoznanicu pokušat ćemo dati tako što ćemo Heisenbergovu kritiku Kantova stava o općenitoj i nužnoj/apsolutnoj prirodi principa kauzaliteta konfrontirati Kantovu razlikovanju opažajnih i iskustvenih sudova. Distinkcija između opažajnih i iskustvenih sudova trebala bi nam pokazati da se čak i u onim Heisenbergovim eksperimentalnim rezultatima koji ukazuju na najmanji stupanj očekivanosti, predvidljivosti ili uniformnosti prirodnih zbivanja, kriju općeniti i nužni uvjeti spoznaje kojima Heisenberg odbija apsolutnu vrijednost.
O Erosu i susretu u psihoterapiji
Authors: Žurić Jakovina Iva , Jakovina Trpimir
Published: June 2024

Cilj je ovog rada ukazati na polje unutar psihoterapijskog procesa koje omogućuje samospoznaju, a to je polje gdje se susreću »ja i ti«. Istinski je susret ono što omogućava rast i terapijski učinak na klijenta i psihoterapeuta. Jedna je od ključnih zadaća psihoterapijskog procesa potaknuti i (ponovno) otkriti vitalnu energiju u klijentu, što se u ovom radu naziva »Erosom«. Eros tako postaje mjesto vitalnosti, kreativnosti i transformacije, a u konačnici i put prema samospoznaji. Samospoznaja i terapijski rast u psihodrami ostvaruju se poglavito kroz tehniku »zamjene uloga«, koja omogućava ljudima da budu viđeni iz perspektive drugoga, što obogaćuje i proširuje njihov doživljaj sebe i otvara put k promjeni. Takva privilegirana pozicija, koju omogućava psihodramska akcija zamjenom uloga, važan je učinak kojim osoba ima priliku tumačiti »sebe sebi« i tako nadići ograničenja tradicionalne dihotomije subjekt – objekt.
Phthalocyanine-based bio-functional conjugates: photodynamic therapy and photoantimicrobial chemotherapeutic efficacy evaluation in-vitro
Authors:   , Magadla Aviwe
Published: June 2024

This thesis reports on the syntheses and characterisation of symmetrical and asymmetrical phthalocyanines (Pcs) with different ring substituents derived to form either cationic styryl pyridine, cationic styryl pyridine triphenylphosphonium (TPP+)-based, benzothiazole, cationic pyridyl-dihydrothiazole and other closely related groups. The starting Pc complex of the synthesised Pc derivatives was typically obtained through the cyclotetramerisation of a substituted phthalonitrile. Then, depending on the desired final complex, the desired complexes were synthesised through the Knoevenagel condensation, alkylation reaction, and Schiff base reaction. Furthermore, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were also used to encapsulate Pcs. Following aminopropyl triethoxysilane amino (APTES) functionalisation of the surface of the Pc@SiNPs-APTES, biomolecules such as gallic acid, folic acid, and ampicillin were covalently attached to the surface. Additionally, Pc@SiNPs-APTES is protonated with 1,3-propanesultone. The pair of synthesised asymmetric Pcs is attached to ciprofloxacin (CIP) via an amide bond. Different analytical methods were used to characterise the Pcs and their conjugates. The photophysics and photochemistry of the Pcs both by themselves and in their conjugate form when doped with SiNPs. The cationic Pcs were able to produce sufficient singlet oxygen on their own in most cases. This is explained by the Pcs greater solubility in water. Since singlet oxygen is produced from the triplet state, singlet oxygen quantum yield (Δ) values complement triplet quantum yield (T) values. Low Δ values could be attributed to ineffective energy transfer; screening effects may have prevented the excited triplet state of the Pcs from interacting with the ground state molecular oxygen, lowering the Δ values. In other instances, the Pcs' protection by the SiNPs could be credited with extending the triplet lifetime. The direct connection of Pcs with CIP increased the formation of T and Δ in ABSTRACT comparison to Pcs alone. Both in planktonic and biofilm form, the cationic Pcs and conjugates showed enhanced bacterial elimination. The Pcs and conjugates demonstrated significant activity in photodynamic therapy treatment (PDT) experiments at the tested doses. In both PDT and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) treatment, the cationic Pcs outperformed the neutral Pc in terms of biological activity.
Propionic Acid Bacteria and Sensory Profile of Cheeses
Authors: Rogov Grigorii , Mordvinova Valentina , Smirnova Tatiana , Delitskaya Irina
Published: June 2024

Cheeses with unconventional taste properties are currently very popular among various segments of consumers. Taste is the fundamental of sensory evaluation; it determines the consumers’ choice and buying decision. The sensory profile of cheese develops as a result of enzymatic processes during maturation, which are initiated by the starter culture microflora. These biochemical processes and their intensity depend on the species and strain composition of starter cultures. Propionic acid bacteria affect enzymatic processes during maturation. As a result, the cheese accumulates a wide range of flavor compounds that give it a characteristic taste, aroma, consistency, and pattern. Taste assessment methods rely on the correlation between volatile compounds and sensory properties. They reveal the taste complexity and variability of different brands of cheeses with propionic acid bacteria. These methods improve the taste profile and quality of cheeses during storage.
Messianism in the ideological constructions of the Old Believers
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Zhuravel Olga Dmitrievna
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes how several generations of Old Believers’ ideologists perceived the concept of «Moscow, Third Rome». The author argued that at different stages of the history of the Old Believers various aspects of this concept got actualized. At the beginning the Old Believers prioritized the eschatological aspect, then the second generation of the movement’s ideologists found the providential significance of Rus’ as the universal center of Orthodoxy more promising for further discussions. The article examines the reflection of the «Third Rome» doctrine and the complex of ideas associated with it in the literary tradition of the Vyg center of the Old Believers’ movement (the first quarter of the 18th century). The study is based on the unpublished and yet-to-examined sermons of the leader of the Vyg community, writer, and polemicist Andrey Denisov. His works explored and developed the idea of the Rus’ as the third and last Rome. However A. Denisov did not limit himself to the conclusion of the fall of the «Third Rome», he came further and declared that for now only the Church of Old Believers represented by the Vyg Pustyn remained the last sanctuary of the true faith. A. Denisov created an important mythologem for the Old Believers’ soteriology, claiming the passing on of godliness from the origins of Christianity through the Holy Rus’ to the Old Believers. Since Vyg’s literary school developed on the basis of modern rhetorical strategies, the article demonstrates how it combined ancient traditions of the religious literacy with cultural innovations during the period of transition from Medieval to Modern Times.
Household Food Consumption Patterns and Food Security in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Sikarwar Neha , Gogia Jyoti
Published: June 2024

Demand for food in India is increasing due to population growth and changing lifestyles. The main concern is to provide enough food, in quantity and quality, to meet the food and nutritional requirements of the population in a sustainable way. The study revealed that the food security level of households is positively associated with income, educational status, and area of land ownership, whereas it is negatively associated with the number of dependents in a family. Among the four selected areas of Uttar Pradesh, the food security level is found to be the highest in the western urban Uttar Pradesh due to favourable existence of its determining factors. The results also exposed that the people of western urban Uttar Pradesh are highly satisfied with their quality-of-life parameters and food consumption patterns.
The Protective Role of miR-125b in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Unraveling Tumor-Suppressive Mechanisms
Authors: Dari Mahrokh Abouali Gale , Vahedian Vahid , Kempisty Bartosz , Morenikeji Olanrewaju B. , Farzaneh Maryam , Anbiyaiee Amir
Published: June 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression, playing
pivotal roles in various biological processes, including cancer development and progression.
Among them, miR-125b has garnered significant attention due to its multifaceted functional roles
in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extensive research has revealed that miR-125b plays
a dual role in HCC, acting as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene, depending on the
context. As a tumor suppressor, miR-125b inhibits HCC by targeting key oncogenic pathways and
genes involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Its downregulation in
HCC is frequently observed and correlates with aggressive tumor characteristics and poor
prognosis. Conversely, miR-125b can also function as an oncogene in specific HCC subtypes or
under certain conditions. It has been shown to promote HCC growth, metastasis, and therapeutic
resistance by targeting tumor suppressor genes, modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal
transition (EMT) process, and enhancing cancer stem cell-like properties. The upregulation of
miR-125b in HCC has been associated with advanced disease stages and unfavorable clinical
outcomes. Furthermore, a complex network of regulatory mechanisms influences the
dysregulation of miR-125b expression in HCC. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is
crucial for deciphering the precise functional roles of miR-125b in HCC and exploring its potential
as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target. In the current review study, we comprehensively
elucidated the diverse functional roles of miR-125b in HCC, providing a comprehensive overview
of its regulatory mechanisms and impact on key cellular processes involved in HCC progression.
Nanoplastics: Unveiling Contamination Routes and Toxicological Implications for Human Health
Authors: de Oliveira Carlos Rafael Silva , Maestri Gabriela , Tochetto Gabriel André , de Oliveira Julia Lemos , Stiegelmaier Ederson , Fischer Thomas Volkhard , Immich Ana Paula Serafini
Published: June 2024

Nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as a concerning environmental pollutant due to their
ubiquitous presence and potential adverse effects on human health. This review aims to elucidate the
routes of NP contamination and their associated toxic effects on various systems within the human
body. The inhalation of NPs presents a significant route of exposure, where particles can deposit
deep within the respiratory tract, leading to potential respiratory health complications. Similarly,
ingestion of NPs through contaminated food and water sources poses a risk to gastrointestinal and
urinary tract health. Additionally, dermal permeation of NPs highlights another avenue for exposure,
raising concerns about skin health. The potential toxic effects of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) on
human health span across multiple physiological systems. MNPs have been implicated in respiratory
ailments, gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular complications, blood abnormalities, compromised
immune responses, neurological impairments, and reproductive dysfunctions. Understanding
these toxic effects is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate NP exposure and protect human
health. This review underscores the urgent need for interdisciplinary research efforts aimed at assessing
NP toxicity comprehensively and implementing measures to reduce NP contamination in the
environment.
Preparation of Decellularized Lung Matrix Scaffolds and Evaluation of its Effect on Endometrial Stem Cell Differentiation into Lung Epithelial-like
Cells
Authors: Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Bagherzadi Kambiz , Hasanzadeh Elham , Noori Afshin , Jamaati Hamidreza , Dizaji Mehdi Kazempour , Ai Arman , Jahromi Hossein Kargar , Afsartala Zohreh , Ai Jafar , bordbar Sima , Bahrami Naghmeh
Published: June 2024

Background:

The use of decellularized tissues as cell culture scaffolds is an exciting new direction
in regenerative medicine because they may provide the instructional context for cell development
and function.

Objective:

Building a scaffold with biomimetic chemical, structural, and functional features is crucial
for lung tissue healing. Due to the diverse nature of their structure, a decellularized lung matrix derived
from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources is regarded as an ideal scaffold for lung regeneration.

Methods:

By decellularizing rat lungs using a combination of chemical and physical methods, we were
able to build a scaffold for lung tissue engineering. A decellularized lung was tested for DNA content,
and histologically, it was shown to be totally free of cells after using this process.

Results:

The decellularized lung was biocompatible for the growth of human endometrial stem cells
(hEnSCs), as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an MTS assay, and Hematoxylin and
Eosin (H&E) staining. In addition, we found that decellularized scaffolds induced lung epithelial cell
differentiation from EnSCs by upregulating a subset of genes. Lung epithelial cell development from
stem cells was also induced by decellularized scaffolds, as shown by an increase in the expression of a
gene that is only expressed in lung epithelial cells. The strong level of acellularized scaffold affinity for
cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth was also shown to promote lung lesion regeneration in rats after
four weeks of treatment, according to in vivo research.

Conclusion:

In summary, the decellularized lung scaffold that has been developed offers a highly accurate
framework for the effective restoration of lung tissues. These scaffolds prove to be valuable tools
for investigating the mechanisms by which the tissue microenvironment facilitates the growth, differentiation,
and function of lung epithelial-like cells, ultimately contributing to the beneficial outcomes of
lung repair.
Employment Opportunities, Latency, and Satisfaction among KAUFD Graduates
Authors: Farag Arwa M. , Al-Dehlawi Hebah , Hafiz Nishan , Alsharif Wahiba , Al-Johani Khalid , Jazzar Ahoud , Bukhari Alaa F. , AlJohani Suad , Al-Turki Ghassan
Published: June 2024

Introduction

With the expansion in dental education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the increased number of graduating dentists, the current marketplace has become less accommodating, leaving several dental graduates unemployed.

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the latency of getting the first job among graduates of King AbdulAziz University Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) and to assess the factors that may influence the latency of getting the first job, to evaluate the financial and professional satisfaction of the first job, and to determine the sectors that provide the highest number of employment opportunities.

Methods

A 20-item self-administered questionnaire was developed, and face validity was confirmed. The questionnaire was populated using Google Survey Forms® and distributed between December 2022 and January 2023 to all dentists who graduated from KAUFD in 2019, 2020, and 2021.

Results

A total of 100 respondents undertook the questionnaire, of which 55% were females. The majority of respondents were in the age range of 25 to 27 years old. Fifty-six percent of the respondents managed to secure their first job by the time this questionnaire was undertaken and 42% reported getting their jobs within the first year after graduation. There was no influence of gender, graduation Grade Point Average (GPA), and Saudi Dental License Exam (SDLE) scores on job opportunities (p= 0.21, 0.418, and 0.606, respectively) or latency for getting the first job (p=0.654, p=0.745, and 0.374, respectively). Almost half of the job opportunities were provided by the private sector. Of the respondents, 46% reported a lack of financial satisfaction, while 37% reported a lack of professional satisfaction.

Conclusion

A significant number of new KAUFD graduates are encountering difficulties in getting their first job. Only half of the graduates managed to secure a job within the first year after graduation. Age, GPA, and SDLE scores had no influence on job opportunities. Capitalization of the private sector/enterprises is the future direction. Further studies are needed from other dental institutions.
A Triad Relationship among Stress, Turnover Intention, and Performance: A Mediation Perspective
Authors: Kaur Jasmeen , Maggo Monita , Phoolka Shivinder , Singh Sandeep
Published: June 2024

Background

The Indian education sector is experiencing rapid growth, with the emergence of private universities alongside public institutions. Within this context, organizational behavior factors like stress, turnover intention, and performance play critical roles in shaping the efficiency of academic faculty.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the interplay among stress, turnover intention, and performance in the context of academic faculty in private universities in Punjab, India. Identifying gaps in existing literature, the study formulates hypotheses to explore the mediating effect of turnover intention on the relationship between stress and performance.

Methodology

A sample of 364 assistant professors from a private university in Punjab, India, was selected using a two-stage process involving simple random and convenience sampling methods. The study employed three standardized scales to measure stress, turnover intention, and performance among the participants.

Results

The study reveals that when academic faculty experiences stress, it often leads to them considering leaving their positions. Surprisingly, this intention to leave influences their performance. This shows how intricate the interactions among stress, intentions to leave, and performance can be within educational organizations. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of their significance for organizational management in private universities. Moreover, the study offers suggestions for addressing issues related to stress and turnover intention to enhance faculty performance.

Conclusion

This research contributes to the literature by empirically examining the mediation effect of turnover intention on the relationship between stress and performance within a specific context of academic faculty in private universities in Punjab, India. By filling gaps in existing research, the study offers valuable insights into understanding and managing organizational behavior dynamics in the education sector.
The Interplay of Metacognition and Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Exploring the Interrelationship from the Government and Private School Teachers
Authors: Negi Sunder Kala , Dwivedi Rinshu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This research investigates the complex relationship between metacognition and psychological empowerment among teachers in both government and private schools. Psychological empowerment entails giving workers the capacity to make decisions, exercise autonomy, and assume responsibility, therefore cultivating a feeling of ownership and accountability.

Methods

The descriptive statistics reveal that government instructors consistently possess metacognitive knowledge, but private school teachers exhibit a greater level of skill. Psychological empowerment and metacognition show positive relationships, highlighting the connection between enhanced metacognitive skills and greater professional empowerment. When comparing government and private instructors, it is evident that private school teachers possess advanced metacognitive abilities and experience greater degrees of psychological empowerment.

Results

There are no substantial disparities in metacognitive knowledge across the genders. Nevertheless, females exhibited superior performance in the domain of Self-Determination. The study reinforces on significance of metacognition in promoting psychological empowerment, providing empirical data in support of this emerging area of research. The results indicate that fostering metacognitive abilities might augment teachers' psychological empowerment, hence impacting their motivation, job satisfaction, and overall workplace effectiveness.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the present study offers a significant understanding of the interrelated processes between metacognition and psychological empowerment, highlighting its importance in both educational and professional contexts.
Body Image Dissatisfaction, Depression and Anxiety in a Sample of College Students
Authors: Hong Wuman , Ahmad Nor Shafrin
Published: June 2024

Background

Body dissatisfaction is a common and important issue, especially for college students. It can lead to a number of negative outcomes. However, existing researches still lack attention to cultural background differences, gender differences and grade differences in body image dissatisfaction and related depression and anxiety among college students.

Aim

This study aimed to examine cultural, gender, and grade level differences in body dissatisfaction with depression and anxiety in a population of college students in China.

Methods

This study was conducted with students from a college in southern China. Three hundred twenty-nine questionnaires were administered through a random sampling method, and 150 students (67 male and 83 female) with body image dissatisfaction were finally screened. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, regression analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and homogeneity of variance test.

Results

Findings showed that body satisfaction was negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, and predictive of depression and anxiety, with no gender differences among Chinese college students. However, regarding grade level differences, body image dissatisfaction showed a significant difference in freshman and senior years.

Conclusion

The relationship between body image dissatisfaction and depression and anxiety is universal in the Chinese cultural context. Future research and college mental health education are recommended to focus on gender and grade level differences in body image dissatisfaction.
Efficacy of a Mental Health Game-Board Intervention for Adolescents in Remote Areas: Reducing Stigma and Encouraging Peer Engagement
Authors: Respati Titik , Feriandi Yudi , Frederico Rio , Nugroho Eko , Pardosi Jerico Franciscus , Withall Adrienne
Published: June 2024

Background

A good understanding of health-related information is crucial for people to make informed decisions about their well-being. Mental health disorders like depression and anxiety can have a significant impact on one's quality of life. Unfortunately, not everyone has equal access to resources and health education, hindering their health literacy. Adolescents in remote areas with mental health issues have more difficulties in addressing their disorder due to the limited resources available, which can have long-term consequences. Peer support interventions have successfully promoted behavioral changes and addressed mental health problems. Digital and online game-based learning has widely been used in mental health education. Board games have several advantages over digital game-based learning in improving the effectiveness of game-based learning in mental health education among adolescents in remote areas.

Objective

This study examined the effectiveness of game-based learning using a board game called “Carpe Diem” in adolescent mental health intervention. Our focus was to assess the effect of board games on awareness, peer involvement, and stigma about adolescent mental health.

Methods

We used a mixed-methods approach with an embedded experimental model involving 45 senior high-school students chosen using cluster random sampling to represent the variety of school characteristics in Kupang City, Indonesia, in January 2020. Quantitative data were collected through a non-control group quasi-experimental design using pre- and post-tests with open-ended and post-exposure questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected through a focus group discussion and further analyzed using content analysis.

Results

The quantitative pre-post test results showed an increased average score with significant differences in stigma and awareness of mental health problems. The content analysis showed that the Carpe Diem board game could help decrease stigma, increase awareness of mental health problems, and encourage peer engagement in health-seeking behavior. However, we also discovered that the board game needed improvements in its integration with the formal curriculum and real-life situations.

Conclusion

Adding adjuvant interventions, such as game-based learning, to conventional psychoeducation strategies can improve awareness, decreasing stigma and positive peer involvement in health-seeking behaviors for adolescents' mental health in similar characteristics regions. Further improvement is still needed to improve the efficacy of the Carpe Diem.
E-learning and Teaching in the New Millennium
Authors: Veancy B. Jesvin , Bency B. Jesvin
Published: June 2024

Teaching is becoming one of the most challenging professions in society as
the world is changing at an exponential speed, especially during the pandemic. In the
current economic scenario characterised by changes in industry advancements in the
fields of artificial intelligence, intelligent robots, the Internet of Things, augmented
reality, virtual reality, autonomous driving vehicles, big data and neuro-technological
brain enhancements, traditional classroom coaching cannot always meet the
requirements of lifelong learning. Learning has been shifted in higher education
institutions (HEI) and working professionals like corporate trainers, professors and
consultants need to integrate eco-friendly education. They must understand how they
can correlate and put their knowledge in varied contexts according to the requirements
of the industry. Traditional, blended, and virtual e-learning using modern
communication technologies has an influence on the teaching-learning process in the
new era which offers tremendous opportunities and reduces the cost of living. The
future generation is expected to be highly trained in emerging communication
technologies by learning how to use these technologies in a pedagogical context and
need to appreciate the values associated with remote educational strategies. The
fundamental challenge encountered by teachers is to understand the concepts of
Education 4.0 and educational institutes must adapt to the demands and challenges of
Industry 4.0. There is a necessity for rethinking teaching and redesigning learning to be
relevant to post-pandemic learning needs and practices.
Demystifying the Benefits and Challenges of Virtual Learning for Differently Abled Students
Authors: Bansa Rohit , Bansal Tamanna , Pruthi Nishita
Published: June 2024

Virtual technology has revolutionized the global universe into a new
dimensional structure, as well as the age-old impediments of time and distance have
almost vanished. Nowadays, technology plays a significant role in education as a
powerful tool for accelerating the modernization of education, particularly for
differently-abled students. Technology offers many new ways to reduce accessibility
barriers and provide opportunities for differently-abled people to exchange information
and knowledge for effective virtual learning. ICT tools and applications are paving the
way for differently-abled people to access and participate in educational materials and
resources in various formats. For this, there are various kinds of tools available
according to the type of disability because disability can be in any form like dyslexia,
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dysgraphia, physical disability, etc.
But still, challenges are faced by disabled students during virtual learning. So, the
present study proposed to study the benefits and challenges of virtual learning for
disabled students. Further, the study also investigates the different tools available for
different-abled students. The research is conceptual in nature and uses secondary
sources for data collection which include journals, reports, newspapers, websites,
books, and thesis. Current research has academic as well as practical implications as it
is an addition to existing literature and helps different stakeholders like teachers,
differently-abled students, and parents to participate more effectively in the virtual
learning environment for disabled students.
Applications, Challenges, and Possibilities of Blockchain in Education
Authors: Khan Ihtiram Raza , Mufti Tabish , Aisha Saman , Alam Mehtab
Published: June 2024

Blockchain is a groundbreaking innovation and has been incorporated into
education lately. Blockchain has acquired significant consideration from analysts and
specialists. This is primarily because of its exceptional elements including
decentralization, security, unwavering quality, and data preservation. Despite this
growing interest, some significant information was available regarding the use of
blockchain innovation in education as well as a growing awareness of the current status
of information. It revolves around three principal topics: The potential of blockchain
innovation to deliver constructive changes to education, as well as the challenges it
poses, has been demonstrated with several informative learning applications. It
additionally offers an understanding of other instructive regions that could profit from
blockchain innovation.
Blockchain is the innovation that can prompt critical changes in our learning climate
and will incredibly affect the years to follow. Blockchain technology is designed to
provide a decentralized and secure way to record and verify transactions or data across
a network of computers. Its key features include Decentralization, Immutability,
Transparency, Security, and Trustworthiness. Thus, this review endeavors to examine
and investigate favorable as well as challenging factors used in Blockchain Technology
for current or future utilization. Accordingly, countless distributed examinations were
thoroughly investigated and dissected depending on their commitments to the
Blockchain's assemblage of information.