bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix and the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment: balancing tolerogenic and immunogenic inflammation in the myeloma niche
Authors: Asimakopoulos Fotis , Hope Chelsea , Johnson Michael G , Pagenkopf Adam , Gromek Kimberly , Nagel Bradley
Published: March 2017

The last 10–15 years have witnessed a revolution in treating multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of Ab-producing plasma cells. Advances in myeloma therapy were ushered in by novel agents that remodel the myeloma immune microenvironment. The first generation of novel agents included immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide analogs) and proteasome inhibitors that target crucial pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation, such as NF-κB. This paradigm continued with the recent regulatory approval of mAbs (elotuzumab, daratumumab) that impact both tumor cells and associated immune cells. Moreover, recent clinical data support checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in myeloma. With the success of these agents has come the growing realization that the myeloid infiltrate in myeloma lesions—what we collectively call the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment—variably sustains or deters tumor cells by shaping the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche and by promoting or antagonizing immune-modulating therapies. The myeloid-in-myeloma compartment includes myeloma-associated macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived-suppressor cells. These cell types reflect variable states of differentiation and activation of tumor-infiltrating cells derived from resident myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow—the canonical myeloma niche—or myeloid cells that seed both canonical and extramedullary, noncanonical niches. Myeloma-infiltrating myeloid cells engage in crosstalk with extracellular matrix components, stromal cells, and tumor cells. This complex regulation determines the composition, activation state, and maturation of the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment as well as the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic inflammation in the niche. Redressing this balance may be a crucial determinant for the success of antimyeloma immunotherapies.
STAT5 phosphorylation in CD4 T cells from patients with SLE is related to changes in their subsets and follow-up disease severity
Authors: Goropevšek Aleš , Gorenjak Maksimiljan , Gradišnik Suzana , Dai Klara , Holc Iztok , Hojs Radovan , Krajnc Ivan , Pahor Artur , Avčin Tadej
Published: March 2017

Activation of the STAT5 signaling pathway up-regulates antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 and drives proliferation of autoreactive conventional CD4 T cells (Tcons). In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an increased T cell Bcl2 content and perturbed homeostasis of CD45RA−FOXP3hi activated regulatory T cells (aTregs) were described. We assessed Tcon/Treg subsets and phosphorylation of STAT5 (pSTAT5) in blood T cells from patients with SLE by using conventional and imaging flow cytometry. Forty-one patients with SLE, 33 healthy controls, and 29 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included. Long-term monitoring was performed in 39 patients with SLE, which were followed longitudinally for up to 1000 d. Significantly increased Bcl2 protein content in T cells from patients with SLE was associated with IL-7–dependent STAT5 activation, expressed as increased basal levels and nuclear localization of pSTAT5. pSTAT5 levels were significantly increased in the FOXP3 low-expressing CD4+ T cell subsets but not in the aTreg subset, which was significantly decreased in patients with SLE. In contrast to aTreg, SLE Tcon displayed significantly increased pSTAT5 and Bcl2 levels. Moreover, the percentage of Tcon-expressing proliferation marker Ki-67 was significantly increased in patients with SLE and was positively correlated with CD4 T cell pSTAT5 levels. Finally, a subgroup of patients characterized by an increased Tcon–pSTAT5/aTreg–pSTAT5 ratio experienced a more aggressive-relapsing disease course and displayed higher time-adjusted cumulative CD4 T cell pSTAT5 levels during follow-up, which were positively correlated with time-adjusted cumulative disease activity. Our results indicate that imbalanced STAT5 phosphorylation, which is related to Bcl2 and Ki-67 expression, may confer survival and proliferative advantage to Tcon over aTreg and could represent a possible marker of SLE disease severity.
Foundation News
Authors: Harris Ron
Published: March 2017

The devastation of the December 2004 tsunami that struck Southeast Asia prompted former SEG President Craig Beasley to ask “What can geophysicists do?” to help prevent the death and destruction of such natural and environmental threats. The creation of Geoscientists Without Borders® (GWB), SEG's program to fund projects that advance the science of applied geophysics to solve humanitarian problems, was the response. More than a decade later, one of the newest projects to receive funding from SEG is focused on exactly the kind of problem that resulted in the creation of GWB: tsunami preparedness.
Automated fault detection without seismic processing
Authors: Araya-Polo Mauricio , Dahlke Taylor , Frogner Charlie , Zhang Chiyuan , Poggio Tomaso , Hohl Detlef
Published: March 2017

For hydrocarbon exploration, large volumes of data are acquired and used in physical modeling-based workflows to identify geologic features of interest such as fault networks, salt bodies, or, in general, elements of petroleum systems. The adjoint modeling step, which transforms the data into the model space, and subsequent interpretation can be very expensive, both in terms of computing resources and domain-expert time. We propose and implement a unique approach that bypasses these demanding steps, directly assisting interpretation. We do this by training a deep neural network to learn a mapping relationship between the data space and the final output (particularly, spatial points indicating fault presence). The key to obtaining accurate predictions is the use of the Wasserstein loss function, which properly handles the structured output — in our case, by exploiting fault surface continuity. The promising results shown here for synthetic data demonstrate a new way of using seismic data and suggest more direct methods to identify key elements in the subsurface.
Machine learning as a tool for geologists
Authors: Caté Antoine , Perozzi Lorenzo , Gloaguen Erwan , Blouin Martin
Published: March 2017

Machine learning is becoming an appealing tool in various fields of earth sciences, especially in resources estimation. Six machine learning algorithms have been used to predict the presence of gold mineralization in drill core from geophysical logs acquired at the Lalor deposit, Manitoba, Canada. Results show that the integration of a set of rock physical properties — measured at closely spaced intervals along the drill core — with ensemble machine learning algorithms allows the detection of gold-bearing intervals with an adequate rate of success. Since the resulting prediction is continuous along the drill core, the use of this type of tool in the future will help geologists in selecting sound intervals for assay sampling and in modeling more continuous ore bodies during the entire life of a mine.
Seismic attribute selection and clustering to detect and classify surface waves in multicomponent seismic data by usingk-means algorithm
Authors: Galvis Ivan Sánchez , Villa Yenni , Duarte César , Sierra Daniel , Agudelo William
Published: March 2017

Seismic records are characterized by a high level of complexity resulting from the interaction of different types of waves propagating in the subsurface. Interpretation of the different wave modes and features present in a seismic record generally is done by expert judgment, and its automatization is a problem that has not been resolved completely. We present a methodology that uses pattern recognition to select the best seismic attributes that should be chosen to detect and classify surface waves in a seismic record, based on the notion of similarity, and that is applied on the automatic interpretation of three different seismic-data record sets. The classification obtained for these different real data sets exhibits well-differentiated zones that improve and automatize the expert judgment interpretation.
Distributed collaborative prediction: Results of the machine learning contest
Authors: Hall Matt , Hall Brendon
Published: March 2017

The Geophysical Tutorial in the October issue of The Leading Edge was the first we've done on the topic of machine learning. Brendon Hall's article ( Hall, 2016 ) showed readers how to take a small data set — wireline logs and geologic facies data from nine wells in the Hugoton natural gas and helium field of southwest Kansas ( Dubois et al., 2007 ) — and predict the facies in two wells for which the facies data were not available. The article demonstrated with 25 lines of code how to explore the data set, then create, train and test a machine learning model for facies classification, and finally visualize the results. The workflow took a deliberately naive approach using a support vector machine model. It achieved a sort of baseline accuracy rate — a first-order prediction, if you will — of 0.42. That might sound low, but it's not untypical for a naive approach to this kind of problem. For comparison, random draws from the facies distribution score 0.16, which is therefore the true baseline.
Impact of pre-admission depression on mortality following myocardial infarction
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Schmidt Morten , Adelborg Kasper , Pedersen Lars , Bøtker Hans Erik , Videbech Poul , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: March 2017

Background

The prognostic impact of previous depression on myocardial infarction survival remains poorly understood.

Aims

To examine the association between depression and all-cause mortality following myocardial infarction.

Method

Using Danish medical registries, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study. We included all patients with first-time myocardial infarction (1995–2014) and identified previous depression as either a depression diagnosis or use of antidepressants. We used Cox regression to compute adjusted mortality rate ratios (aMRRs) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

We identified 170 771 patients with first-time myocardial infarction. Patients with myocardial infarction and a previous depression diagnosis had higher 19-year mortality risks (87% v. 78%). The overall aMRR was 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.15) increasing to 1.22 (95% CI 1.17–1.27) when including use of antidepressants in the depression definition.

Conclusions

A history of depression was associated with a moderately increased all-cause mortality following myocardial infarction.
The human chorion contains definitive hematopoietic stem cells from the fifteenth week of gestation
Authors: Muench Marcus O. , Kapidzic Mirhan , Gormley Matthew , Gutierrez Alan G. , Ponder Kathryn L. , Fomin Marina E. , Beyer Ashley I. , Stolp Haley , Qi Zhongxia , Fisher Susan J. , Bárcena Alicia
Published: March 2017

We examined the contribution of the fetal membranes, amnion and chorion, to human embryonic and fetal hematopoiesis. A population of cells displaying a hematopoietic progenitor phenotype (CD34++ CD45low) of fetal origin was present in the chorion at all gestational ages, associated with stromal cells or near blood vessels, but was absent in the amnion. Prior to 15 weeks of gestation, these cells lacked hematopoietic in vivo engraftment potential. Differences in the chemokine receptor and β1 integrin expression profiles of progenitors between the first and second trimesters suggest that these cells had gestationally regulated responses to homing signals and/or adhesion mechanisms that influenced their ability to colonize the stem cell niche. Definitive hematopoietic stem cells, capable of multilineage and long-term reconstitution when transplanted in immunodeficient mice, were present in the chorion from 15-24 weeks gestation, but were absent at term. The second trimester cells also engrafted secondary recipients in serial transplantation experiments. Thus, the human chorion contains functionally mature hematopoietic stem cells at mid-gestation.
Neuronal hyperactivity causes Na+/H+ exchanger-induced extracellular acidification at active synapses
Authors: Chiacchiaretta Martina , Latifi Shahrzad , Bramini Mattia , Fadda Manuela , Fassio Anna , Benfenati Fabio , Cesca Fabrizia
Published: March 2017

Extracellular pH impacts on neuronal activity, which is in turn an important determinant of extracellular H+ concentration. The aim of this study was to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of extracellular pH at synaptic sites during neuronal hyperexcitability. To address this issue we created ex.E2GFP, a membrane-targeted extracellular ratiometric pH indicator that is exquisitely sensitive to acidic shifts. By monitoring ex.E2GFP fluorescence in real time in primary cortical neurons, we were able to quantify pH fluctuations during network hyperexcitability induced by convulsant drugs or high-frequency electrical stimulation. Sustained hyperactivity caused a pH decrease that was reversible upon silencing of neuronal activity and located at active synapses. This acidic shift was not attributable to the outflow of synaptic vesicle H+ into the cleft nor to the activity of membrane-exposed H+ V-ATPase, but rather to the activity of the Na+/H+-exchanger. Our data demonstrate that extracellular synaptic pH shifts take place during epileptic-like activity of neural cultures, emphasizing the strict links existing between synaptic activity and synaptic pH. This evidence may contribute to the understanding of the physio-pathological mechanisms associated with hyperexcitability in the epileptic brain.
The cell specificity of gene expression in the response to heat stress in corals
Authors: Traylor-Knowles N. , Rose N. H. , Palumbi S. R.
Published: March 2017

Previous transcriptional studies in heat stressed corals have shown that many genes are responsive to generalized heat stress whereas the expression patterns of specific gene networks after heat stress show strong correlations with variation in bleaching outcomes. However, where these specific genes are expressed is unknown. Here we employed in situ hybridization to identify patterns of spatial gene expression of genes previously predicted to be involved in general stress response and bleaching. We found that Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors (TNFRs), known to be strong responders to heat stress, were not expressed in gastrodermal symbiont-containing cells but were widely expressed in specific cells of the epidermal layer. The transcription factors AP-1 and FosB implicated as early signals of heat stress and were widely expressed throughout the oral gastrodermis and epidermis. By contrast, a G-protein coupled receptor gene (GPCR), and a fructose bisphosphate aldolase C gene (Aldolase), previously implicated in bleaching, was expressed in symbiont containing gastrodermal cells, and in epidermal tissue. Finally, Chordin-like/Kielin (Chordin-like) a gene highly correlated to bleaching was expressed solely in the oral gastrodermis. From this study we confirm that heat responsive genes occur widely in coral tissues outside of symbiont containing cells, and that gene expression in response to heat stress that causes bleaching does not signal by itself that a gene is expressed in the symbiotic cells where bleaching occurs. Joint information about expression patterns in response to heat and cell specificity will allow greater dissection of the regulatory pathways and specific cell reactions that lead to coral bleaching.
The emerging potential of magnetic resonance imaging in personalizing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: an oncologist's perspective
Authors: Wong Kee H , Panek Rafal , Bhide Shreerang A , Nutting Christopher M , Harrington Kevin J , Newbold Katie L
Published: March 2017

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a challenging tumour site for radiotherapy delivery owing to its complex anatomy and proximity to organs at risk (OARs) such as the spinal cord and optic apparatus. Despite significant advances in radiotherapy planning techniques, radiation-induced morbidities remain substantial. Further improvement would require high-quality imaging and tailored radiotherapy based on intratreatment response. For these reasons, the use of MRI in radiotherapy planning for HNC is rapidly gaining popularity. MRI provides superior soft-tissue contrast in comparison with CT, allowing better definition of the tumour and OARs. The lack of additional radiation exposure is another attractive feature for intratreatment monitoring. In addition, advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion-weighted, dynamic contrast-enhanced and intrinsic susceptibility-weighted MRI techniques are capable of characterizing tumour biology further by providing quantitative functional parameters such as tissue cellularity, vascular permeability/perfusion and hypoxia. These functional parameters are known to have radiobiological relevance, which potentially could guide treatment adaptation based on their changes prior to or during radiotherapy. In this article, we first present an overview of the applications of anatomical MRI sequences in head and neck radiotherapy, followed by the potentials and limitations of functional MRI sequences in personalizing therapy.
ALGORITHM OF AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF MACHINE UTILIZATION CONTROL IN SMALL-LOT PRODUCTION OF ELECTRONICS PRODUCTS
Authors: Кропотов Юрий , Kropotov Yuriy , Догадина Елена , Dogadina Elena , Холкина Наталья , Kholkina Natalya
Published: March 2017

The object of research is industrial enterprises with successive temporal and cellular spatial structure of production organization which is common for principles of small-lot production. The purpose of the work is the development of an algorithm for automated machine utilization intended for small-lot production. In the paper there was used an apparatus of the theory of mass service, methods of global search optimization, an additive method of criteria compression. On the basis of the algorithm there is developed a software which includes a visual presentation of the procedure of product manufacturing, a possibility of production correction taking into account definite conditions and limitations imposed on the production process.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF DATA OF STOCK MARKET AND INVESTIMENT CONTROL
Authors: Швецов Ярослав , Shvetsov Yaroslav , Аверченков Владимир , Averchenkov Vladimir
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this paper was the identification of basic problem moments connected with the processing of information obtained from a stock market and also an offer for their overcome with the aid of automated program complex. Basic principles of a subject field functioning are described, the analysis of its state is given, the moments connected directly with the acceleration of the process of engineering-economic data processing are described. On the basis of the analysis of a subject field there was drawn a conclusion on a relevance of the problem under consideration. For the work within the limits of the problems specified there was widely used a methodology for management decision-making support and a theory of data parallel processing. Besides the consideration of theoretical aspects of a program complex functioning corresponding to the parameters specified in the paper there is shown directly a process of designing an information system for investment management. A structural circuit of the complex and also a flow chart of each module used – database, a data provider and data handler is presented. The efficiency of methodological and ma-thematical principles used of the information system functioning for the engineering-economic data processing is substantiated. The paper shows the process of the development of a new information tech-nology from the definition of the problem requiring a solution up to the formation of an integral complex. In the end a conclusion is drawn on a correspondence of the methods used to those processes within the limits of which a program system should function.
TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO QUALITY LEVEL DEFINITION OF OBJECTS AND PROCESSES IN ORGANIZATION SYSTEM CONTROL
Authors: Морозова Анна , Morozova Anna , Мельников Владимир , Melnikov Vladimir , Дроздов Игорь , Drozdov Igor , Смоленцев Владислав , Smolentsev Vladislav
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this work consists in the presentation of the results of the theoretical generalization of the problem in the quality level definition in processes and objects of arbitrary origin with the use of a typological approach as a basis of control in organization systems.

In the investigation there were used methods of a system analysis, a mathematical modeling of multi-parametric social objects, methods of a structural anal-ysis and also a methodology of a universal quality management (UQM).

Investigation results. A multidimensional information object space of matrices of groups of quality indices is considered, a generalized model of a twodimensional matrix of relations of quality indices parameters in Cartesian coordinates is presented, quality indices are shown and their application for adaptive marketing control is shown, a procedure for the quality assessment of objects with the aid of models of a neuro-network typification is offered, and the expediency of basic directions realization in strategy of quality control regarding the set of objects and processes of an organization system under analysis is also substantiated. As an example there is considered a neuro-network approach at the typification of engineering positions in modern mechanical engineering and procedures on the basis of a competence approach of the identification process of young specialists with available vacant seats.

Conclusions. The quality parameters are a com-plex category in control of objects/processes and can be considered as a general methodological approach to the control of different organization systems. At the same time there can be used simulators of quality me-tering and typification, and also clusterization and grouping quality indices with the aid of which it is possible to ensure efficiently enough the realization of the identification procedure of objects/processes on quality indices with the application of neuro-network models.
ALGORITHMS OF CLUSTERING AT DECODING PHOTOES OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (DRONES)
Authors: Карлова Татьяна , Karlova Tatyana , Гурьев Александр , Gurev Aleksandr , Алешко Роман , Aleshko Roman , Шошина Ксения , Shoshina Kseniya , Шептунов Сергей , Sheptunov Sergey
Published: March 2017

The procedures and algorithms automating a process of a multilevel subject decoding are of particular interest. In the paper there is described a development of algorithms for automatic object identification on the basis of clustering. In the investigation the algorithm for a cluster analysis of AKM (improved of k- means) which allows identifying first an object in the picture and then highlighting it graphically is used. This algorithm is formed on the basis of the k-means al-gorithm allowing the fulfillment of a rapid cluster analysis. The improvement of AKM algorithm consists in a possibility of the computation of an optimum cluster number at a specified maximum cluster number.

The accuracy of the results of subject decoding is as-sessed. One of the methods for the assessment of relia-bility is a statistic assessment of picture decoding re-liability. For this it is necessary to create a matrix of errors at cluster definition and to calculate accuracy. It is possible to use a method of cross-tabulation for the presentation of pixels defined correctly in an obtained subject map of forest roads and a map formed on the basis of UAV pictures and data of ground investiga-tions. A general accuracy of object decoding as a re-sult of the work of AKM algorithm and a procedure of UAV picture processing of forest roads characterizes a degree of reliability as a high one.

The options for the further improvement of a procedure and algorithms are offered.
SOME POSSIBILITIES OF DYNAMICAL VIBRATION DAMPING IN SYSTEMS WITH SEVERAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM
Authors: Николаев Андрей , Nikolaev Andrey , Кашуба Владимир , Kashuba Vladimir , Елисеев Сергей , Eliseev Sergey , Выонг Куанг , Vyong Kuang
Published: March 2017

A method of dynamic vibration damping in mechanical oscillatory systems with several degrees of freedom is offered. The mathematical model of the system is represented in the form of structural scheme the equivalent in a dynamic relation to the automatic control system. The system contains device for con-verting the motion in the form of lever mechanisms containing focused additional masses. The possibilities of changing the dynamic properties of the system by using lever mechanisms and the additional ties in the form of gear connections of the elements system are shown. A method of constructing mathematical models and technology analysis of dynamic properties at kinematic excitation of system is proposed. The system of evaluation of the dynamic properties of the system in regimes of dynamic vibration damping simultaneously on two coordinates based on the use of transfer functions and analysis of structural scheme is offered. The results of computational modeling are given, confirming the manifestation the effects of dynamic blocking of external influences.
The Impact of Supply Chains on Firm-Level Productivity
Authors: Serpa Juan Camilo , Krishnan Harish
Published: March 2017

Firms in a vertical relationship are likely to affect each other’s productivity. Exactly how does productivity spill over across this type of relationship (i.e., through which mechanisms)? Additionally, how does the relative importance of these mechanisms depend on the structure of the supply chain? To answer these questions, we decompose the channels of upstream productivity spillovers—from customers to suppliers—by developing a structural econometric model on a sample of approximately 22,500 supply chain dyads. We find that the “endogenous channel” (i.e., the effect of the customer’s own productivity on the supplier’s productivity) is by far the most important source of spillovers. This is especially true if (i) the supplier has a concentrated customer base, (ii) the supplier and the customer have similar operational characteristics, and (iii) the relationship has medium maturity. In the converse scenarios, we find, it is more important to have a partner with a portfolio of favorable “contextual” characteristics (high inventory turnover, financial liquidity, and asset turnover) than to have a productive partner.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2632 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Managing Performance Signals Through Delay: Evidence from Venture Capital
Authors: Chakraborty Indraneel , Ewens Michael
Published: March 2017

This paper examines whether agency conflicts during venture capital (VC) fundraising impact investment behavior. Using novel investment-level decisions of VCs in the process of raising new funds, we find that venture capitalists take actions hidden from their investors—i.e., limited partners (LPs)—that delay revealing negative information about VC fund performance until after a new fund is raised. After fundraising is complete, write-offs double and reinvestments in relatively worse-off entrepreneurial firms increase. We find that these observations cannot be explained by strategic bundling of news or effort constraints due to the newly raised fund. Funds with both long and short fundraising track record exhibit this behavior and the delay is costly for fund investors (LPs). This strategic delay shows that fundraising incentives have real impacts on VC fund investment decisions, which are often difficult for LPs to observe.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2662 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Approximation Algorithms for Optimal Decision Trees and Adaptive TSP Problems
Authors: Gupta Anupam , Nagarajan Viswanath , Ravi R.
Published: March 2017

We consider the problem of constructing optimal decision trees: given a collection of tests that can disambiguate between a set of m possible diseases, each test having a cost, and the a priori likelihood of any particular disease, what is a good adaptive strategy to perform these tests to minimize the expected cost to identify the disease? This problem has been studied in several works, with O(log m)-approximations known in the special cases when either costs or probabilities are uniform. In this paper, we settle the approximability of the general problem by giving a tight O(log m)-approximation algorithm.

We also consider a substantial generalization, the adaptive traveling salesman problem. Given an underlying metric space, a random subset S of vertices is drawn from a known distribution, but S is initially unknown—we get information about whether any vertex is in S only when it is visited. What is a good adaptive strategy to visit all vertices in the random subset S while minimizing the expected distance traveled? This problem has applications in routing message ferries in ad hoc networks and also models switching costs between tests in the optimal decision tree problem. We give a polylogarithmic approximation algorithm for adaptive TSP, which is nearly best possible due to a connection to the well-known group Steiner tree problem. Finally, we consider the related adaptive traveling repairman problem, where the goal is to compute an adaptive tour minimizing the expected sum of arrival times of vertices in the random subset S; we obtain a polylogarithmic approximation algorithm for this problem as well.
Emotion Recognition in Children With Down Syndrome: Influence of Emotion Label and Expression Intensity
Authors: Cebula Katie R. , Wishart Jennifer G. , Willis Diane S. , Pitcairn Tom K.
Published: March 2017

Some children with Down syndrome may experience difficulties in recognizing facial emotions, particularly fear, but it is not clear why, nor how such skills can best be facilitated. Using a photo-matching task, emotion recognition was tested in children with Down syndrome, children with nonspecific intellectual disability and cognitively matched, typically developing children (all groups N = 21) under four conditions: veridical vs. exaggerated emotions and emotion-labelling vs. generic task instructions. In all groups, exaggerating emotions facilitated recognition accuracy and speed, with emotion labelling facilitating recognition accuracy. Overall accuracy and speed did not differ in the children with Down syndrome, although recognition of fear was poorer than in the typically developing children and unrelated to emotion label use. Implications for interventions are considered.
The Impact of Medical/Behavioral Support Needs on the Supports Needed by Adolescents With Intellectual Disability to Participate in Community Life
Authors: Seo Hyojeong , Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Little Todd D. , Palmer Susan B.
Published: March 2017

As adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) transition to adulthood, there is a need to plan for effective community-based supports that address the post-school life. There is also a need to plan for the impact of factors (e.g., medical/behavioral support needs) on supports needed for community participation. Data from the Supports Intensity Scale—Adult Version (SIS—A) was used to examine relations between medical/behavior support needs and support needs assessed in the standardized portion of the SIS—A. Results suggested that the presence of medical/behavioral needs had a strong impact on supports needed to participate in the community activities, and that more intensive medical support needs were related to higher support needs in the Home Living, Community Living, and Health and Safety domains.
Reagan’s Strategy for the Cold War and the Evil Empire Address
Authors: Rowland Robert C. , Jones John M.
Published: March 2017

This essay examines Ronald Reagan’s 1983 speech to the National Association of Evangelicals, along with speeches and foundational documents leading up to the address. We argue that Reagan utilized a rhetorical approach consistent with what Martin and Annelise Anderson have termed a “grand strategy” for winning the Cold War. This “strategy” consisted of three components. First, Reagan labeled the Soviet system evil and a failure. Second, Reagan argued that the path to victory required an arms buildup that would leave the Soviets with no choice but to negotiate arms reduction. Finally, Reagan’s rhetoric contained a defense of liberal democracy and the prediction that such a system eventually would triumph over Soviet communism.
Democracy in Decline, as Chaos, and as Hope; or, U.S.–China Relations and Political Style in an Age of Unraveling
Authors: Hartnett Stephen John
Published: March 2017

To address U.S.–China communication patterns, this essay juxtaposes discourses of democracy in decline (now prevalent in the United States), democracy as chaos (the chief claim of the Chinese Communist Party), and democracy as hope (embodied in the Umbrella Revolution in Hong Kong). To illustrate the rhetorical dynamics of these three positions, the essay analyzes coverage of the Hong Kong protests, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel’s bravura 2014 defense of U.S. imperialism, and the CCP’s blistering responses to both Hagel and the Hong Kong protests. These U.S.–China debates about democracy as decline, chaos, and hope are then situated within global conversations about the merits of democracy and stability in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings and ongoing concerns about the course of globalization. Ultimately, the essay argues for a new political style of prudent internationalism scrubbed free of both U.S.-style moralizing and Chinese-style absolutism.
Poznański Czerwiec i rok 1956 – historia i pamięć po sześćdziesięciu latach
Authors: Sasanka Paweł
Published: March 2017

The article is a brief survey and evaluation of historical research on Poznań 1956 protests, the political change in October 1956, and the year in general. An important gap was filled by the publication of Piotr Grzelczak’s book on the long-term consequences of the Poznań protests, and the conflict over its remembrance between government representatives and local inhabitants of the region, since the protests were one of the defining moments in recent history of Poznań. The article also includes a summary of the controversy between historians over the importance of 1956 as a watershed in Polish history, with some historians arguing that a more liberal image of the communist system in Poland was formed in 1956, while others argued that the communist dictatorship was stabilized by winning wider social support. The author has indicated an increasing separation between narratives about the Poznań protests in June and the political transformations in October, which has consequences and threats related to polarized perception of history, leading to meagre and simplified understanding of social realities of the Polish People’s Republic after 1956.
Czerwiec 1956 wiosną 1981. Poznań 1956 (1981) Tadeusza Litowczenki i Mirosława Kwiecińskiego
Authors: Jazdon Mikołaj
Published: March 2017

The article presents the making of the first documentary film depicting the traumatic events of the anticommunist uprising in Poznań in June 1956 as well as the difficult fate of the documentary after it had been completed. Its authors, Tadeusz Litowczenko and Mirosław Kwieciński, composed their Poznań 1956  (1981) of two interwoven narrative lines. Archive photographs with off screen commentary make the first narrative line while cinema-verite-like interviews with the participants of historical events make the other. The film analysis is aimed to underline the formal means employed in the film to present the opposing sites of the conflict. It also focuses on the historical context from the times when film was being made in the so called ‘festival of Solidarity movement’ in the early 1980s.
Ritualization: A Strategic Tool to Position Brands in International Markets
Authors: Sharma Amalesh , Kumar V. , Borah Sourav Bikash
Published: March 2017

Most brands today attempt to develop a self-brand connection with their customers. Multiple studies have proposed that a brand can achieve a sacred status through “rituals.” However, there is limited understanding of the mechanism through which rituals and customers’ ritualized behavior influence brand awareness. As firms in international markets face intense competition from local brands, understanding the impact of customers’ ritualization can help them enhance brand awareness. The authors develop a conceptual framework and provide theoretical understanding on the relationship between rituals and brand awareness for firms operating in international markets. Specifically, they propose that internal ritualization leads to brand recall and external ritualization leads to brand recognition. As customer-firm relationship can be affected by market, firm, and customer-specific factors, the authors argue that cultural orientation, competition, firms’ marketing spend, and customers’ personality moderate the proposed relationships. They provide several research propositions to help understand rituals as a strategic tool. The findings of this study indicate that managers must incorporate customers’ ritualized behavior when developing global branding strategies in international markets.
Application of screen-printed carbon electrode modified with lead in stripping analysis of Cd(II)
Authors: Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Domańska Katarzyna , Vytřas Karel , Metelka Radovan , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Sýs Milan
Published: March 2017

In the work presented, a lead film electrode was prepared in situ on a screen-printed carbon support using a reversibly deposited mediator (Zn) and applied to the determination of Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical method for lead film formation is based on a co-deposition of a metal of interest (Pb), with a reversibly deposited zinc mediator, followed by oxidation of zinc, with additional deposition of lead at the appropriate potential. It serves to increase the density of lead particles, promoting lead film growth, and consequently helps to improve the electrochemical properties of the electrode. This was confirmed by microscopic and voltammetric studies. The obtained detection limit of Cd(II) is equal to 6.6 × 10−9mol L−1(−1.6 V for 180 s and then −0.95 V for 5 s). The presented procedure was successfully applied to cadmium determination in Bystrzyca River water samples.
On periodic bounded and unbounded solutions of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations
Authors: Lomtatidze Alexander
Published: March 2017

Sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic, bounded, and unbounded solutions of the equation

u
′′

=

f
⁢

(
t
,
u
)

{u^{\prime\prime}=f(t,u)}

are proved.
Specialised Sweetpotato Vine Multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: What “Sticks” and What Changes?
Authors: McEwan Margaret A. , Lusheshanija Dorothy , Shikuku Kelvin, M. , Sindi Kirimi
Published: March 2017

In Lake Zone, Tanzania, farmers were trained to multiply and distribute quality sweetpotato planting material. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in skills and practices among the trained farmers as vine multiplication became a specialized task. Nine months after the project ended, all 88 decentralized vine multipliers (DVMs) operating as groups (72%) or individuals (28%) were visited and qualitative data on their current multiplication practices collected through a questionnaire, checklists and observations. Results showed that 69% of DVMs were still multiplying vines, but less than half were using the seed production technologies promoted by the project. 34% used rapid multiplication beds; 61% used conventional plant spacing on ridges for roots and vines and 5% used both. As the vine multiplication cycle became a specialised activity, the multiplication and root production cycles were separated. Vines were treated differently in terms of site selection, length of cutting and spacing, depending on whether the objective of their use was for high root or high vine production. Capacity building of specialised vine multipliers and scaling-up seed interventions should consider the implications of skilling and task segregation in a broader context based on society’s choice of technologies and agrarian change.
Bias and Size Effects of Price-Comparison Platforms: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Authors: García-Gallego Aurora , Georgantzís Nikolaos , Pereira Pedro , Pernías-Cerrillo José C.
Published: March 2017

We analyze the impact on consumer prices of some information characteristics of price-comparison search platforms. An equilibrium model where vendors compete in prices and consumers do not observe prices, but can obtain price information through a search platform, is developed. The model generates several predictions about the impact on the price distribution of: (i) the size of the search platform’s sample, (ii) whether the search platform’s sample is random, and (iii) the number of vendors in the market. The model’s predictions are tested experimentally. The results confirm the predictions about (ii) and (iii), but reject the model’s predictions about (i).
Semantics of number marking in Maaka
Authors: Jacques Coly Jules , Storch Anne
Published: March 2017

Maaka is a West Chadic language which exhibits a rich system of verbal number marking, which in part resembles those of its close relatives. But apart from the more ‘typical’ pluractionals also found elsewhere in Chadic, Maaka has verbal number markers that differ by expressing number values and meanings that are otherwise characteristic for nouns in languages where number marking correlates with nominal aspect. In Maaka, not only nouns can be differentiated according to countability and membership in semantic categories, but verbs as well: Events are framed as either multiple and similar or multiple and diverse, as happening at one single place or involving several locations and different groups of agents and patients. This chapter illustrates in which ways lexical aspect plays an important role in the selection of a specific pluractional form of a given verb.
Plurality and pluractionality in Kanuri
Authors: Cyffer Norbert
Published: March 2017

When taking a closer look at plurality and pluraction in Kanuri, the first impression is refuted, that this is a fruitless topic. While the common pluralization of nouns is uniform, there are some nominals, which have a pluralic base and, therefore, have to be singularized. Regular plurals are executed by a suffixation to the respective noun. Other pluralic forms, e. g. the collective plural, appear as cliticized modifiers of a noun phrase. Patterns of pronoun plurals are: a) different forms in singular and plural, b) pluralization of the singular. Pluraction in the verbal complex is done by reduplication. However, we can detect – nowadays defunct – inflectional processes.
Scapegoats, silver bullets, and other pitfalls in the path to sustainability
Authors: Webster D. G.
Published: March 2017

This paper draws from The Lathe of Heaven by Ursula Le Guin to highlight some of the most likely pitfalls on the political road to a sustainable planet. Through the literary device of dreams that can change the world, Le Guin explores how the individual’s egoistic desire to save humanity can be twisted by the limitations of our psyche and our society, turning an already uncomfortable future Earth into a devastated planet. It is a stinging critique of answers handed down from above, and a call to action for those of us who just get by here below. Her story warns of the ancient “road to hell”, paved and trodden by would be saviors with the best intentions but also points to the license that public apathy provides to the powerful when the costs of environmental harm are borne by the powerless. These disconnects, combined with cycles of rationalization, silver bullet mentalities, and the tendency to scapegoat others for negative side effects, can all derail sustainability transitions. Lathe provides an allegorical assessment of this process, but much more study is needed to fully understand and regulate the resulting governance treadmill.
Aperipê TV: a emissora pública e o jornalismo público em questão no estado de Sergipe
Authors: Souza Fernando Moreira de , Belém Vitor Curvelo Fontes , Pereira Livia Lívia Cirne de Azevêdo
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho analisa o emprego dos conceitos de jornalismo público (JP) no telejornal Conexão Aperipê, exibido pela Aperipê TV, emissora estatal do Governo do Estado de Sergipe. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo, com a finalidade de compreender a prática do jornalismo público no âmbito do telejornalismo local, tendo em conta as potencialidades da prática como ferramenta de fortalecimento da cidadania. A pesquisa apresenta uma breve perspectiva histórica em torno do conceito e o situa no debate conflituoso dos modelos de televisão pública no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que o jornalismo público é uma prática muito distante do telejornalismo da emissora em questão.
A Semana de Comunicação Pública de Pernambuco como estratégia de articulação e relacionamento das emissoras da UFPE
Authors: Calheiros Felipe Peres , Alves Patrícia Horta , Cavalcanti Aline Lopes
Published: March 2017

O artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a Semana de Comunicação Pública de Pernambuco, realizada anualmente desde 2013 pelo Núcleo de TV e Rádios Universitárias (NTVRU) da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). O texto traça um panorama do evento e mostra como a organização conseguiu estrategicamente expandir as atividades, em parceria com cursos de comunicação social de Recife, Olinda e Caruaru, para atingir um público expressivo de profissionais, professores e estudantes. A partir do recorte do conceito de comunicação pública como sistema de radiodifusão, associado à lei complementar 11.652/08, uma análise das três edições da Semana tenta entender como as decisões de divulgação e realização causaram impacto para o alcance do evento.
Ichthyofaunal diversity of the Omo-Turkana basin, East Africa, with specific reference to fish diversity within the limits of Ethiopian waters
Authors: Wakjira Mulugeta , Getahun Abebe
Published: March 2017

The freshwaters of the East African nation of Ethiopia are divided into nine main drainage basins. One of these, the Omo-Turkana basin, spans a large part of southwestern Ethiopian highlands and northern Kenya, and consists of the Omo-Gibe (or simply, Omo) River and a northern portion of Lake Turkana. Despite some development activities, including proposed dam construction with potential impacts on ichthyofaunal diversity, the Ethiopian part of the basin generally lacks comprehensive study or full scientific documentation. During the current surveys 31 species were identified from the lower Omo River and Ethiopian part of Lake Turkana, with some new records for the basin. The Omo River system was found to be richer in species while Lake Turkana has a higher abundance. Ichthyofaunal diversity within Ethiopian waters is specifically addressed, and an annotated checklist for native species of the basin is provided.
UJl KERENTANAN IKAN KERAPU LUMPUR , Epinephetus coioides DAN KERAPU BATIK, Epinephelus microdon TERHADAP INFEKSI IRIDOVIRUS
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Zafran Zafran , Roza Des , Johnny Fris
Published: March 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sensitivitas ikan kerapu Lumpur, E. coioides dan kerapu batik E microdon terhadap infeksi iridovirus, lkan kerapu lumpur dan kerapu batik yang digunakan mempunyai rata-rata bobot tubuh: 51,71 g dan 13,22 g. Masing-masing 10 ekor ikan uji diberi perlakuan dengan menyuntikkan iridovirus secara intramuskular sebanyak 1mL/kg BB dengan pengenceran, A) 10 kali, B) 10.000 kali, dan C) kontrol (PBS). pengamatan ditakukan selama 21 hari terhadap gejala klinis dan mortalitas akibat serangan iridovirus, deteksi iridovirus dengan teknik PCR menggunakan primer spesifik dan pengamatan kerusakan jaringan secara histopatologi.