bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of a Patient with Foreign Body Ingestion at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia
Authors: Kazuma Seke Manase Ephraim , Kaela Boniface , Luando Simunyama , Mundia Kamwi , Kaoma Donald , Mukendi Lumbala , Fisongo Khombolakhe , Chirengendure Bright
Published: November 2022

Foreign body (FB) ingestion refers to intentional swallowing of indigestible, non-nutritious solid substances. It is more common in children and psychiatry adult patients. Adult psychiatry patients have the highest incidence of recurrent ingestion of multiple FB that results from poor impulse control by care-givers and as a response to stress. Foreign bodies longer than 6cm, wider than 2.5cm and sharp edged are unlikely to pass without getting imparted or causing perforation. These warrant removal by endoscopy where available or laparotomy. We report on the management of a case of intentional swallowing of multiple FBs by a known psychiatric patient at Ndola Teaching Hospital, in Ndola, Zambia.
Clinical and Gynaecological Determinants of Menopause Symptom Severity in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olarinoye John Kola , Olarinoye Adebunmi Oyeladun , Olagbaye Babakayode Abel
Published: November 2022

Background

A number of factors are known to predict how menopause symptoms are perceived by women in different cultures. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the gynaecological and medical histories of middle belt Nigerian women and the severity of their menopausal symptoms.

Method

Women with natural menopause between age 40 and 60 years were randomly evaluated for menopause symptoms using Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire. The total MRS scores were correlated with certain medical and gynaecological parameters using Pearson’s Bivariate Correlate while logistic regression analysis was used to isolate independent factors.

Result

Three hundred and eighty-five women responded for the study. Their mean age was 51.3±0.3 years. The mean MRS score was 14.02±0.44 and 40% of the women studied had severe symptoms on the rating scale while others were mild. Age, menstrual cycle length, age at first delivery, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure were significantly correlated with the total MRS score but only the age showed an independent impact on regression analysis. History of breast problem, presence of diabetes and history of contraceptive use were also positively associated with menopause severity.

Conclusion

The medical and gynaecological histories of women play a significant role in determining how they perceive menopausal symptoms and cannot be ignored in their evaluation.
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation-Two case reports and diagnosis challenges in a resource limited setting
Authors: KKazuma azuma Muleya Inambao Inambao , Mwanza Susanna , Nchimba Lweendo , Chungu Chalilwe , Nchengamwa Jonathan , Kabamba Desire Jean , Mpabalwani Evans
Published: November 2022

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare abnormality of pulmonary airway malformation and may remain undiagnosed until it is discovered as an incidental finding later in life. Reported here are two cases of CPAM, a seven-month-old infant and a two-year-old toddler. A seven-month-old ex-premature male infant presented with recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. He had an unresolving consolidation on chest radiograph and was eventually treated as pulmonary tuberculosis with no response. Computerised tomography scan (CT-scan) chest revealed bilateral CPAM of lungs. A 2-year-old female toddler presented to the University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, as a referral from a second level hospital with a long-standing history of recurrent symptoms and signs of pneumonia with failure to thrive. She was commenced on antituberculous treatment with no improvement. A CT-scan of the chest revealed bilateral CPAM of lungs. These two cases highlight clinical, diagnostic and treatment challenges in children with CPAM in a resource limited setting like Zambia.
Can medicine be taught online? Cavendish University's transition from contact classes to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaluba Longa , Malambo Mordecai , Mutati Christine , Chabinga Pauline , Simuyemba Moses , Chilengwe Welani , Kafwamfwa Muhumpu
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed dramatic changes on teaching and learning worldwide. Many universities transitioned from contact classes to utilizing fully electronic online modes. This study aims to evaluate Cavendish University School of Medicine students' online learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: This was an exploratory cross-sectional study that used simple random sampling to select participants at Cavendish University Zambia. An online questionnaire was distributed to the selected students at the time of the conclusion of the semester. The survey was voluntary, and all data were collected and recorded via google forms with maintaining anonymity.
Results: A total of 385 participants took part in the survey. Most of the participants were female124 (50.4%) and studying MBChB 171 (44.7%). The study found that there was a significant difference in the level ofunderstanding(p value=0.01), the ability to explain online classes (p value=0.04), and internet reliability (p value=0.04) across and within programs. Most students were affected by load­ shedding but the observed difference in median scores was not significant (p value=0.07).
Conclusion: Teaching online presented an opportunity to complete the semesters' curriculum during the coronavirus pandemic. With obstacles like electricity load shedding and unstable internet reliability, students reported high rates of motivation, confidence in the materials taught, and exam preparedness.
Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Lungu Sandra Nzaliwe
Published: November 2022

Background: Iron plays a key role in oxygen uptake, transport, and storage, as well as oxidative metabolism in the muscle including myocardium and is essential for the formation of haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase. Iron deficiency (ID) often develop in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients due to depletion of iron stores, iron malabsorption and/or reduced availability of iron recycled in the reticuloendothelial system. Indeed iron content and transferrin receptor levels have been reported to be decreased in the myocardium of patients with ID. A cardinal manifestation of heart failure (both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. HFrEF and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF) is impaired exercise capacity that is exaggerated in iron deficient patients. This easy fatigability is said to be a result of the reduced oxygen transport that is associated with the ID. ID leads to mitochondria and sarcomere dysfunction which reduces left ventricular functioning and hence reducing cardiac output. Reduced peak oxygen uptake has also been reported in patients withHFrEF.

Objective: To determine iron status of CHF patients at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka.

Methods: The study was conducted at UTH from May to August 2019. Using purposive sampling, data was collected from patients with CHF of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV. Information obtained included sex, age, height, weight and ejection fraction (reduced ifless than 45%). From the blood samples collected, serum iron levels, transferrin levels and ferritin concentration tests were done. The chi square test and logistic regression were used to analyze iron status in CHF patients.

Results: Forty (40) patients were enrolled, 18 male and 22 female. The average age was 45.5 (19 to 60). 24 patients (60%) had (HFrEF) and 16 patients (40%) had (HFpEF). 22 patients (55%) had transferrin saturation of less than 20%, while 8 (20%) had ferritin concentration of less than l00ng/ml. Based on both factors, a total of22(55%) patients were iron deficient. Iron deficiency was negatively associated withHFrEF (p = 0.015).

Conclusion: More than 55% of the participants in this study were iron deficient. However, ID may not be the primary cause of myocardial dysfunction as patients with HFrEF were less likely to be iron deficient. However, correction of ID in CHF patients in other studies has been reported to have clinical benefits. The observations of this study require further triangulation especially that the sample size was rather small.
Non-suicidal and Suicidal Self-harm at a Psychiatric Centre: A review of cases
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous self-harm has been reported as an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, therefore understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing models for reduction of suicide. The objective of this study was to present the psychosocial characteristics of patients who presented with self-harm and recorded them in our suicidality register.

Method

This is a review of the suicidality register of patients who presented with deliberate self-harm and were referred and reviewed by the psychiatric unit at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKUSTH). Data were retrieved from the register and enter in SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics such as mean with standard deviation and frequency were done to describe the characteristics of interest.

Results

Of the 33 cases reviewed, the majority were females 51.6%, aged 29years and below, single (67.7%), unemployed 17 (51.5%), and had depression as the primary psychiatry diagnosis (54.5%). Although multiple reasons were given for self-harm, the desire to die was the commonest (54.5%) while ingestion of poisons was the commonest (75.8%) method adopted.

Conclusion

Previous self-harm is an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing frameworks for a surveillance system for self-harm and attempted suicides.
Opinions of Zambian Radiographers on Extending their Role in Interpretation and Reporting on General Radiographic Images: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Chanda Enerst , Kafwimbi Stefan , Sichone James Maimbo
Published: November 2022

Background: There is a critical shortage of radiologists in Zambia to report on all imaging examinations. Radiologists have concentrated on specialised imaging examinations, thereby leaving the interpretation of general radiography examinations to the referring medical practitioners, whose competence in image interpretation is not at the same level as radiologists. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of patients.

 Objective: This study aimed at determining the opinions of Zambian radiographers on extending their role in the interpretation and reporting of general radiographic images.

 Methodology: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Radiographers with a minimum of two years’ work experience were invited to participate in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.

 Results: A total of 81 participants responded to the survey. A major finding showed that most radiographers (N=78, 95%) had a positive attitude towards image reporting because it improves the delivery of imaging services. Most of the radiographers were also willing to be trained at a postgraduate level (93%, N=76), and indicated the need to extend the scope of practice to include image reporting (N=78, 95%). The main challenges identified were inadequate advocacy and possible resistance from medical professions.

Conclusion:  Radiographers are prepared to venture into image reporting. It is anticipated that this role extension can supplement radiologists in providing diagnostic reports and ensure that all patients have access to this service.
Trosier's sign: A Rare Presentation of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chamileke Nkomba , Odimba Bwana , Michelo Felix , Chilufya Bupe , Bassem Yani
Published: November 2022

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men globally. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands. A 65-year-old Zambian man presented with neck swelling for 3 months with mild lower urinary tract symptoms. He reported that the swelling was fast growing, painless and with no history of trauma. On examination, Trosier’s sign was present. Histology report following a lymph node incision biopsy demonstrated Adenocarcinoma. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also positive. A follow up prostate biopsy found adenocarcinoma Gleason 8. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion in older, male patients presenting with unexplained neck swelling and no known history of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Molluscum Contagiosum - A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Malumani Malan
Published: November 2022

The emergence of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a massive strain on the already limping healthcare system in most developing or Lower Middle-Income countries.

Other infectious agents like Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) still ravage our communities. We discuss some challenges and old important pearls of its management.
Intermittent Testicular Torsion in an African Adult Patient - Sonographic Doppler findings an uncommon and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Chinene Bornface , Mutandiro Lavin , Murambasvina Damian
Published: November 2022

Testicular torsion is a well-known urological emergency most common in the paediatric population; however, testicular torsion is not all-or-none phenomenon and can be of complete or partial or intermittent types. Intermittent testicular torsion is rare and can be misdiagnosed even in a paediatric population. Testicular torsion in adults is less common and intermittent Testicular torsion in adults is even less reported and may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute Testicular pain, leading to misdiagnosis.
Correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate among Nigerian men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Agbo Christian A , Ramyil Venyir M , Dakum Nuhu K , Shuaibu Samaila I , Akpayak Idorenyin C , Ofoha Chima G
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate in benign prostatic hyperplasia among Nigerian men.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study that included patients who presented to the Urology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital with clinical features of BPE. Each had IPSS, Qmax and IPP measured in addition to clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS(R) version 20 (SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Appropriate test statistics were used with p-value < 0.05 considered as significant.

Results: Eighty-seven patients aged 40 - 86 years were enrolled in the study period. The means of age, IPSS, Qmax, IPP and PV - were 64.6±10.2 years, 16.7±7.6, 8.2± 3.8 ml/s, 12.9±7.0 mm and 70.1±50.3 mis respectively. IPP correlated negatively with Qmax (r=-0.519, p=0.000).

Conclusion: Intravesical prostatic protrusion measurement is non-invasive, easily accessible, reproducible and more cost effective. It showed a significant correlation with Qmax. Therefore, it is a valuable parameter - for evaluation of patients with BPH.
Assessment of extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) gene among gram-negative bacilli bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection among females in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajani Tinuade Adesola , Elikwu Charles John , Ajani Mustapha Akanji , Anaedobe Chinenye Gloria , Oluwasola Timothy A. Olusesan
Published: November 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is commoner in females and mainly caused by Gram Negative bacilli. The emergence of Extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) has made its treatment difficult especially in the community because of limited therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli causing UTI among females in Babcock University Community; evaluate the associated risk factors and to determine the prevalence of the associated genes among the ESBL isolates.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of which 200 female participants with clinical UTI were recruited in Babcock University Community. Pretested interviewer–based structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and risk factors. Mid-stream urine was also collected for evaluation of ESBL- producing Gram-negative bacilli.  DNA extraction was done for ESBL positive isolates and SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA ESBL genes were detected by PCR. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis.

Results: The 200-urine samples tested from the participants yielded 33-Gram negative bacilli isolates. Out of these 33 isolates, 17/33(51.5%) were ESBL-producers giving prevalence rate of 8.5% among the participants. The distribution of the ESBL genes among the ESBL isolates was as follows: SHV 12/17(70.6%), TEM 4/17(23.5%), CTX-M 3/17(17.6%) and OXA 5/17(29.4%). No associated risk factors were found.

Conclusion: All the four types of ESBL genes evaluated were present among the participants. Routine screening for ESBL for Community acquired UTI is necessary to curb treatment failure.
Comparison of the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening tools among older people in Nigeria
Authors: Adebusoye Lawrence Adekunle , Arinola Ganiyu , Amaefula George , Hunter Sharyn , Merl Helga , Pitt Victoria
Published: November 2022

Introduction and objectives: Dementia is progressive neuro-degeneration characterized by ongoing deterioration in cognition and capacity for independent living. Empirical evidence is lacking on the best screening tool because of the cultural and linguistic diversities of Nigerians. This study screened for dementia and described the differences between the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tools among older people at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study of 96 older people ≥60years at UCH, Ibadan. Dementia was assessed with the RUDAS and MMSE tools. Socio-demographic characteristics and memory issues were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and the level of significance was set at 5%.

Results: The mean age was 70.5±7.4 years and 57(59.4%) were female respondents. The overall mean score on RUDAS was 22.8±4.0 points and MMSE was 24.2±4.8 points. Point prevalence of dementia on RUDAS and MMSE were 6.2% and 4.2% respectively. Using MMSE as the standard, the AUROC for the RUDAS was 85.9% (95% CI:60.4-99.8), and its sensitivity and specificity were75.0% and 96.7% respectively. Both RUDAS and MMSE were associated with age and residence. MMSE, but not the RUDAS, scores were influenced by total years of education (p<0.001).

Conclusion: RUDAS was as accurate as MMSE for the screening of dementia in our setting. Contrary to the MMSE, RUDAS was not influenced by the years of education for dementia. Our finding supports the use of RUDAS as an effective alternative test to MMSE for dementia screening in older Nigerians.
Addressing access to sexual and reproductive healthcare for women during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-resourced settings
Authors: Chipare Mwakanyadzeni Abigail
Published: November 2022

The delivery and utilization of reproductive health care services has suffered a major setback due to the COVID-19 pandemic and low and middle income countries have been disproportionately affected. This commentary discusses how the provision of reproductive health services has been impacted on by the COVID-19 pandemic and proffers possible recommendations on how to address this growing burden.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Amonginfertile Women At The University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Lawal Olatunji , Obajimi Gbolahan Oladele , Bello Oluwasomidoyin
Published: November 2022

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is reported as the commonest cause of tubal and pelvic infection and by proxy, the commonest cause of tubal damage and female infertility. Serotypes D-K are known to cause sexually transmitted genital tract and neonatal infection. Testing for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis has been revolutionized by the development of monoclonal antibodies. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the diagnostic value of Chlamydia antibody testing.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and seventy-three women with infertility attending the gynaecology clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on all patients as part of their routine evaluation for infertility. Venous blood was obtained to detect Chlamydia Ig G antibodies using the diagnostic bio-probe (DIA.PROBE) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIZA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies specific to chlamydia trachomatis.

 Results: Positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis were recorded amongst 136 women, giving a prevalence of 49.8%. 46(33.8%) women with normal tubal appearance and 90(66.2%) with tubal disease tested positive for Chlamydia antibodies. Bilateral tubal blockage was seen in 77(28.2%), while left and right tubal blockages were seen in 35(12.8%) and 21(7.7%) respectively. The accuracy of Chlamydia antibody testing in predicting tubal patency revealed a sensitivity of 67.7% and positive predictive value of 66.1% using HSG as the gold standard. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found to be associated with age at sexual debut, history of ectopic pregnancy and previous history of abortion (P<0.05).

 Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis amongst infertile women especially those with tubal disease. Risk factors associated with the infection such as early age of sexual debut, ectopic pregnancy and abortion further support the role of infectious morbidity especially with Chlamydia trachomatis.
MJZ 48 No. 4 Cover
Authors: Zambia Medical Journal
Published: November 2022

The Medical Journal of Zambia (MJZ) is a peerreviewed quarterly journal intended for the publication of papers from all specialities of medicine (Internal medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology) and their subspecialities, basic science, public health, social medicine and medical politics. The journal also welcomes contributions from experienced individuals describing the way they deal with particular problems (i.e. intended to pass on the art of medicine).
Economic evaluation of the potential of "Zarafshan National Park" using the method of travel expenses
Authors: Abduraxmanova Aqida Fayzulla qizi
Published: November 2022

Ecotourism has become one of the areas of great interest to economists around the world. Therefore, a number of methods are used in the study of this area. The simplest and most widely used method is the "Travel cost" method. This article gives the scope of this method, why it is necessary to use this method, as well as the advantages of this method and the analysis of the Zarafshan National Park object.
Effect of Firm Characteristics and Some Key Monetary Variables on the Financial Performance of Unilever Nigeria Plc
Authors: Ahmad Zubairu , Hassan Adamu , Dakingari Usman Muhammad
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of firm characteristics and some key monetary variables on the financial performance of Unilever Nigeria Plc. The variables used are financial performance, capital structure, dividend policy, managerial efficiency, inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate. The autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model was used for the study. The findings show that capital structure and managerial efficiency have a significant positive effect on the financial performance of the sampled company; however, dividend policy has no significant influence on the financial performance of the company. Similarly, from the key monetary variables aspect, the study discovered that inflation rate and exchange rate have a significant positive influence on the financial performance of the company, while interest rate has a significant negative effect on the company’s financial performance. Based on these, this study suggests the need for the company to increase its effort to improve its capital structure and managerial efficiency. In addition, the study suggests the need for the company to consider the volatility of inflation and exchange rate when making investment decisions. Finally, the lending rate should be reduced by the deposit money banks for the company to gain easy access to capital to increase its investments and financial performance.
A Comparative Diagnostic account of the Roots of Boerhavia diffusa Linn. From Four Different Geographical Regions in India
Authors: Gupta Vijeta , Virmani Dr. Tarun , Singh Dr. Vijender
Published: November 2022

Boerhavia diffusa Linn (B. diffusa) belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae, commonly referred to as Punarnava. It is a rasayana plant that has anti-aging, disease prevention and life-building activities. In this study, B. diffusa Linn’s roots were collected from four different geographical locations in Indian territory i.e. Jhansi, Bangalore, Punjab and Delhi for comparative standardization. The study was carried out in accordance with WHO guidelines to determine the purity and correct identity of plant parts. It also helps detect adulterations, botanical verification, and physical and chemical parameters, and gives the notion of drug quality. In the present work, detailed comparative Pharmacognosy, morphology, anatomy and phytochemical studies of root of B.diffusa Linn from Four different geographical regions in India have been carried out. The results show that all four B.diffusa from different geographical regions revealed that all are very distinct. The anatomical parameters and physicochemical constants carried out in the present investigation serves as measures of a quality control for all the four plants i.e; Boerhavia diffusa Linn.(Jhansi, Bangalore, Pune and Delhi).
A Customer Perception of Planet Healthcare Pharmacy
Authors: Prakash Dr. M.R. , Madhuri Mrs. G. , Subhasri M Mrs. A. , Agilandeswari Ms.K.
Published: November 2022

Retailing, it is a developing pattern in the India. In India the retail business has turned into the second biggest boss after farming. The Indian retail market is the 5th biggest retail destination all around. It is assessed to develop from the US $ 266 billion in 2005 to US $ 435 billion by 2010 and US $ 587 billion by 2015. The passage of composed players is changing the substance of the drug store business, which today is exceedingly divided. The retail side too has been posting high development rates. "The aggregate retail drug store business sector will be developing at a rate of around 15 for every penny, while sorted out the retail drug store will be seeing a development of anyplace somewhere around 35 and 40 for every penny," as indicated by Technopak Consultants. In addition, the high edges – somewhere around 25 and 35 %.
Characterization and In-Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Capparis Zeylanica Stem
Authors: Jain Mrs. B. U. , Burade Dr. K. B.
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are becoming key sources for pharmaceutical preparations. The Indian Capparis zeylanica Linn belongs to the Capparidaceae family. The plant bitter root and bark are used as a tonic, expectorant, anthelmintic and painkiller, as well as for rheumatism, paralysis, toothaches, and enlarged spleen. The presence of different phytochemicals such as steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids was discovered during the phytochemical screening of this plant. So, in this work, we extracted and identified chemicals from the ethanolic extract fraction of Capparis. zeylanica stems, as well as evaluating the antibacterial activity of several Capparis zeylanica fractions. Sample S1 exhibited good action against gram +ve and gram –ve microorganisms at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, while Sample S3 showed moderate activity.
Biyoyenilenebilir Enerji Tabanlı Mikro Şebekenin Yük Frekansı Kontrolü İçin Fuzzy PID Kontrolör
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Dursun , YILDIRIM Burak , DOĞAN Gizem
Published: November 2022

Günümüzde enerji tüketiminin giderek arttığı, çevre koruma bilincinin geliştiği ve enerji piyasalarındaki serbestleşmenin istikrarlı şekilde ilerlediği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, yeni teknolojiler yardımı ile yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından (YEK) daha fazla yararlanmaya yönelik politikalar üretilmekte ve dağıtılmış üretim sistemlerine olan ilginin artması sağlanmaktadır. Mikro şebekeler YEK’lerin şebekeye entegrasyonunda önemli avantajlar sağlayan bir çözüm olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Mikro şebekelerin yapılarında bulunan YEK’lerin değişken üretim yapıları gibi bazı belirsizliklere sahip olması, bu sistemlerde frekans kararlılığını önemli problemlerden biri haline getirir. Bir mikro şebeke modeline etkin bir yük frekansı kontrolünün (YFK) sağlanması, bu sistemlerin kararlılığı ile ilgili iyileştirmelere önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunur. Bu çalışmada, mikro şebekede, YFK’de karşılaşılan zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için bir fuzzy oransal integral türev(PID - Proportional-Integral-Derivative) kontrolör yapısı önerilmiştir. En uygun kontrolör parametrelerinin belirlenmesi için lig şampiyonası algoritması (LŞA), karınca koloni algoritması (KKA) ve parçacık sürü optimizasyon (PSO) algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, fuzzy PID kontrolörünün kazançlarının en uygun değerlerinin elde edilmesi için zaman ağırlıklı mutlak hatanın toplamı (ITAE - Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error) maliyet fonksiyonu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda önerilen kontrolörün performansı klasik PID kontrolör ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
A Method to Classify Steel Plate Faults Based on Ensemble Learning
Authors: ÖZKAT Erkan Caner
Published: November 2022

With the industrial revolution 4.0, machine learning methods are widely used in all aspects of manufacturing to perform quality prediction, fault diagnosis, or maintenance. In the steel industry, it is important to precisely detect faults/defects in order to produce high-quality steel plates. However, determining the exact first-principal model between process parameters and mechanical properties is a challenging process. In addition, steel plate defects are detected through manual, costly, and less productive offline inspection in the traditional manufacturing process of steel. Therefore, it is a great necessity to enable the automatic detection of steel plate faults. To this end, this study explores the capabilities of the following three machine learning models Adaboost, Bagging, and Random Forest in detecting steel plate faults. The well-known steel plate failure dataset provided by Communication Sciences Research Centre Semeion was used in this study. The aim of many studies using this dataset is to correctly classify defects in steel plates using traditional machine learning models, ignoring the applicability of the developed models to real-world problems. Manufacturing is a dynamic process with constant adjustments and improvements. For this reason, it is necessary to establish a learning process that determines the best model based on the arrival of new information. Contrary to previous studies on the steel plate failure dataset, this article presents a systematic modelling approach that includes the normalization step in the data preparation stage to reduce the effects of outliers, the feature selection step in the dimension reduction stage to develop a machine learning model with fewer inputs, and hyperparameter optimization step in the model development stage to increase the accuracy of the machine learning model. The performances of the developed machine learning models were compared according to statistical metrics in terms of precision, recall, sensitivity, and accuracy. The results revealed that AdaBoost performed well on this dataset, achieving accuracy scores of 93.15% and 91.90% for the training and test datasets, respectively.
Zum Wissensbegriff der künstlerischen Forschung
Authors: Bödeker Till
Published: November 2022

Einige Theorien künstlerischer Forschung (KF) gehen davon aus, dass KF ein spezifisches Wissen generieren kann, das wissenschaftlichem Wissen gleichwertig sei. Wie dies begründet wird, wird anhand der Theorien von Jens Badura, Anke Haarmann, Dieter Mersch und Henk Borgdorff nachvollzogen und kritisch überprüft.
Хятад - Монголын эдийн засаг, худалдааны хамтын ажиллагааны хөгжилт
Authors: Баатар
Published: November 2022

English title: Economic and trade development cooperation between China and Mongolia
БНХАУ-ын Өвөр Монголын Өөртөө Засах Орны хилийн худалдааны асуудалд
Authors: Ч Батцэцэг
Published: November 2022

English title: Some Issues of Inner Mongolia's Border Trade
Хятадын үндэстний асуудал болон бодлого, зохицуулалтын тухай өгүүлэх нь
Authors: Ч Батцэцэг
Published: November 2022

English title: Chinese minority policy and regulation of their problems
CAUSES OF VEHICLE BREAKDOWNS AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTION
Authors:   Head Of The Department Of Automotive And Production Engineering Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan, Dastamovich Ibragimov Botir
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, as the number of cars in the world is growing rapidly, their malfunctions are also increasing and new problems are arising. This article explores these problems, provides new solutions, and shows the reasons for their origin. This article was written as a result of a practical study of local and foreign service centers and car dealerships in our country.
SPECIFIC TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH IN MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN FEATURES CHARACTERISTIC OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT IN MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN
Authors:   Teacher Of The Surkhandarya Region National Center For Training Pedagogues In New Methods, Uzbekistan, Toshtemir Qizi Rayimova Gulmira , Ismoilovna To'rayeva Dilnoza ,   Teacher Of The Surkhandarya Region National Center For Training Pedagogues In New Methods, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2022

In the article we can learn about the fact that the cognitive impairment of children with intellectual disabilities is characterized by limited perception of the world around them, poor communication, lack of interest, decreased demand for speech, retarded speech development.
THE MASS MEDIA AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL AND LEGAL PROPAGANDA
Authors:   Associate Professor, Head Of The Department Of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute, Candidate Of Political Sciences, Uzbekistan, Mamanovich Rasulov Hakim
Published: November 2022

Mass media is not only a subject of political and legal information dissemination and informing the population, but also provides an opportunity to interpret, analyze and evaluate legal documents and legal relations, events, disputes. In this way, social and political life in the public serves to form relationships in particular. The mass media should become an effective link between the people and the government, become an active propagandist of the reforms implemented in the country. Only then can it fully manifest its essence, tasks and characteristics.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF APPLE TREES UNDER SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF BUKHARA DEPENDING ON THE METHOD AND DEGREE OF CUTTING
Authors:   Ph.D., Associate Professor Of The Department Of Biotechnology And Food Safety, BUKHSU, Uzbekistan, Yunusov Rustam , Alimovna Atayeva Zamira ,   Lecturer At The Department Of Agronomy And Soil Science, BUKHSU, Uzbekistan, Isroilovna Burieva Dilorom ,   Lecturer At The Department Of Biotechnology And Food Safety, BUKHSU, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2022

This article provides data on the creation of intensive apple orchards that contribute to obtaining the highest yield with good qualities from the second or third after planting.
COMMUNICATIVE AND PRAGMATIC FEATURES OF THE WORLD IMAGE RELATED TO FOLKLORE
Authors:   Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages, PhD, Uzbekistan, Kuchkarova Sadokat Toshpulatovna
Published: November 2022

The folk genre is a genre that embodies the earliest examples of human oral creativity. Folklore, as the fruit of man's first thought, shows a nation's worldview, early knowledge and way of life. This article deals with the communicative and pragmatic characteristics of the world folk vision.
MULTIMEDIA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AIDED SOLUTIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF WORLD CIVILISATION LANGUAGE PROCESSES
Authors:   Doctor Of Science (Philosophy), Professor, Institute Of Oriental Studies Named After Abu Rayhan Beruni Academy Of Sciences Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Leading Researcher, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Rakhmanovich Karimov Bakhtiyor , Shonazarovich Mutalov Shoahmad ,   Scientific Researcher, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2022

It is proposed to create averaged languages by using the methods of mathematical and computer linguistics based on averaging vocabularies and grammar rules and norms of genealogically cognate languages has been proposed. The idea of creating averaged world language is proposed by means of averaging the averaged and isolated languages. Social, cultural, linguistic, information, communication problems of averaged languages and ways of using multimedia technologies in the area have been investigated.
HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF TOPONYMIC LEGENDS AND NARRATIVES
Authors:   Uzbek Literary Critic, Uzbekistan, Normurod Qizi Siddiqova Osiyo
Published: November 2022

Finding toponymic narratives and legends. To study them based on the specifics of the genre. Also, to go to historical places, to collect unstudied legends, stories and stories and bring them to our people. Water basins, mountains, gorges, some settlements, uninhabited places, cities and villages, hamlets, closely study toponymy, ethnography and the ancient past of local indigenous people and preserved up to now. I find it very important to learn more about their habits.
THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors:   Student Of Agro-Business And Investment Activities, Faculty Of Agro-Logistics And Business, Termiz Institute Of Agro-Technologies And Innovative Development, Uzbekistan, Murodjon Berdimuradov
Published: November 2022

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1991s Central Asian nations and Japan established diplomatic relations and partnerships began to increase steadily as manifested by the level of official contacts. In 1997 the “Silk Road” Diplomacy concept was formulated for Japan’s policy toward Central Asia. At the beginning of the 21st century, we see the activation of new actors including India, Korea, and Japan in Central Asia, which were mainly welcomed in the region. Tokyo recognized the growing strategic importance of Central Asia in the context of international security and sought to play a more active role as an Asian nation in Eurasia. During two decades Central Asian nations and Japan began to increase steadily. Japan is one of the largest assistants to Central Asia in structural reforms and Japanese investments in the different aspects of the region's economy and transport communication add up to several billion. There are several areas of special interest to Japan in its relations with Central Asia, including cooperation in education, economic development of the region, political reforms, as well as energy resources. Japan’s effort in creating the “Central Asia plus Japan” dialog is part of its multilateral diplomacy. At the same time, there are some challenges and problems in Central Asia–Japan relations. However, there are potentialities for future bilateral and multilateral relations. Japan like Korea, India, and other countries has a strong positive image in Central Asia, which could be regarded as an additional factor for fostering partnerships between Central and East Asia as well as interregional relations with the vast Asian continent and beyond. This article explores the interests of the Central Asian states as members of the SCO, and their compatibility with the SCO goals. This study shows that the SCO is compatible with the Central Asian states' security and economic interests, regional cooperation, and the need for balanced relations with the great powers— China, Russia, and the United States.
LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES OF USING LOCAL MATERIALS IN HISTORY TEACHING
Authors:   Teacher Of Termiz State University, Uzbekistan, Mamasoatovna Bozorova Nazokat
Published: November 2022

In the article, solving the problems of social adaptation of schoolchildren through the use of local materials in history lessons, adapting the teaching environment to the student's capabilities, as a type of education, is written as a means of a person-oriented approach to the development of his personality, characteristics, abilities, taking into account the student's thinking and action strategy.
THE IMPACTS OF DIGITALIZATION TO THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY
Authors:   Student Of Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Ozoda Qodirova , Shahlo Esonova ,   Student Of Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan, Marg’iyona Usarova ,   Student Of Denau Institute Of Entrepreneurship And Pedagogy, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2022

The digital economy is growing fast, especially in developing countries. Yet the meaning and metrics of the digital economy are both limited and divergent. The aim of this paper is to review what is currently known in order to develop a definition of the digital economy, and an estimate of its size. The paper argues there are three scopes of relevance. The core of the digital economy is the ‘digital sector’: the IT/ICT sector producing foundational digital goods and services. The true ‘digital economy’ – defined as “that part of economic output derived solely or primarily from digital technologies with a business model based on digital goods or services” – consists of the digital sector plus emerging digital and platform services. The widest scope – use of ICTs in all economic fields – is here referred to as the ‘digitalised economy’. Following a review of measurement challenges, the paper estimates the digital economy as defined here to make up around 5% of global GDP and 3% of global employment. Behind this lies significant unevenness: the global North has had the lion’s share of the digital economy to date, but growth rates are fastest in the global South. Yet potential growth could be much higher: further research to understand more about the barriers to and impacts of the digital economy in developing countries is therefore a priority.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PRODUCTIVE SKILLS IN LEARNING LISTENING SKILLS
Authors:   Student Foreign Language In Preschool And Primary Education Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Yendir Qizi Davlatova Mukhsina
Published: November 2022

The article returns to the pretended listening abilities in second language mastering by testing the impression of tuning in as responsive expertise. It contends that listening can be made useful by consolidating show-in study hall errands to bring out additional useful elements of learning. To launch the execution of the show, a listening movement is proposed with a system. The article opens another exchange in the academic characterization of language abilities through re-picturing what students can perform during listening undertakings also as how this presentation can extend our ordinary thinking about the idea of language practice.
POET, PHILOSOPHER AND MYSTIC JALAL AL-DIN AL-RUMI
Authors:   Lecturer At The Department Of Social Sciences Bukhara State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Hamdamov Behzod Kh.
Published: November 2022

This article tells about the life and work of the great philosopher, mystic and genius Jaloliddin Rumi. His philosophical outlook, philosophical teachings are analyzed. Rumi's poems spread at wide levels and became favorites at weddings, dinner parties, and burials. His phrases became imprinted on clothes, and decorated Christmas trees, and musical instrument companies (especially percussionists) decided to embed verses from his poetry on their products. On social networking sites, there are dozens of pages dedicated to publishing Rumi's poems with their reproduction by attaching music and video clips.
ENGAGEMENT STUDENTS' LEARNING IN ENGLISH AND TEACHING STRATEGIES
Authors:   2nd Stage Graduate Student Of The Faculty Of Foreign Languages Jizzakh City Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan, Mukhtorkulovna Eshankulova Dilsoz
Published: November 2022

In this article we are going to explore important ways of developing engagement on students' learning in English and different teaching strategies that effectively help on this issue. Moreover, the article covers interactive methods that can be used by teachers to organize student- centred lessons.
THE SECOND WORLD WAR TURNED INTO AN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING AREA
Authors:   Teacher Of The Faculty Of Military Education Of Ferghana State University, Uzbekistan, Olimjonovich Umarov Ismailjon , Jalaldin Son Hakimov Paxlavon ,   Faculty Of Military Education Of Ferghana State University Cadets, Uzbekistan, Bahadirovich Yusupov Shahzodbek ,   Faculty Of Military Education Of Ferghana State University Cadets, Uzbekistan
Published: November 2022

This article describes the researches about the transformation of Uzbekistan into an industrial construction site during the Second World War.
ACTUAL ISSUES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE NEW BASIC
Authors:   Researcher Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan, Sabirov Nazir N.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with topical issues of the development of institutions of civil society in the new Uzbekistan. In our country, on the basis of the principle "Human value is above all else", to further increase the well-being of our people, to move from the principle of "The State is the main reformer" to "Society is the initiator of reforms", to transform the approach of "State-Society-Individual" on the basis of "Man-Society-State" and "State" serving the people" serves to unconditionally ensure human rights and interests and to form an active civil society.
THE CONCEPT OF SPIRITUALITY AND PATRIOTISM IN THE MIND OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Teacher Of The Faculty Of Military Education Of Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Tahirjon Turgunbayev
Published: November 2022

This article exposes the youth to patriotism and morals.