bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transient characteristics of positive and negative power-off transition process of “S” shaped bi-directional full-flow pump
Authors: Jiao Haifeng , Chen Songshan , Wang Mengcheng , Liu Haiyu
Published: June 2023

In this study, the positive and negative power-off process of a bi-directional full-flow pump is investigated by model tests and numerical simulations, and the results show that under steady conditions, the head of the bi-directional full-flow pump in the positive direction is larger than in the negative direction. The positive power-off process of the bi-directional full-flow pump is slower than the negative power-off process. The clearance backflow rate of the bi-directional full-flow pump continues to drop during the power-off process until it remains stable under the runaway condition. The clearance backflow causes the vortex at the impeller inlet and the size of the vortex gradually decreases during the power-off process. Compared to the positive power-off process, the backflow vortex ratio is greater, and therefore, the flow pattern is poorer during the negative power-off process. The entropy production rate in the negative power-off process is significantly greater than that in the positive power-off process. The pumping condition has the largest hydraulic loss in the whole power-off process. The runaway rotational speed in the positive power-off process is higher than that in the negative power-off process, and the axial force in the positive runaway condition is 1.40 times greater than in the negative runaway condition. During the power-off process, the vibration and pressure pulsation in the negative operation is significantly greater than that in the positive operation, and the acceleration of the impeller vibration from large to small is the Y (vertical) direction, Z (axial) direction, and X (horizontal) direction. The research in this paper can provide an important reference for the design and operation of the bi-directional full-flow pump.
Investigating the role of carbon doping on the structural and energetic properties of small aluminum clusters using quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Brito B. G. A. , Hai G.-Q. , Cândido L.
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigate the energetics of small aluminum clusters doped with a carbon atom using several computational methods, including diffusion quantum Monte Carlo, Hartree–Fock (HF), and density functional theory. We calculate the lowest energy structure, total ground-state energy, electron population distribution, binding energy, and dissociation energy as a function of the cluster size of the carbon-doped aluminum clusters compared with the undoped ones. The obtained results show that carbon doping enhances the stability of the clusters mainly due to the electrostatic and exchange interactions from the HF contribution gain. The calculations also indicate that the dissociation energy required to remove the doped carbon atom is much larger than that required to remove an aluminum atom from the doped clusters. In general, our results are consistent with available theoretical and experimental data.
Extensive viewing and L2 vocabulary learning
Authors: Gesa Ferran , Miralpeix Imma
Published: June 2023

This article presents two classroom-based studies lasting one academic year: Study 1 with beginner learners of English as a foreign language and Study 2 with intermediate learners. In each study, learners in the comparison and experimental groups were introduced to new vocabulary through regular explicit instruction in class, but only those in the experimental group additionally watched subtitled (Study 1) or captioned (Study 2) television series where the new vocabulary appeared. Lexical gains, computed for each academic term, showed an overall positive effect of television viewing, although more differences between groups were found towards the end of the intervention, and more significant results were obtained in Study 2. These longitudinal data provide relevant information on the role of extensive viewing for language learning in instructional settings, which is often missed in one-off studies outside and inside the classroom.
Review of recent developments in short-term mine planning and IPCC with a research agenda
Authors: Al Habib Nasib , Ben-Awuah Eugene , Askari-Nasab Hooman
Published: June 2023

In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) has gained momentum in recent years to replace trucks partially or fully in large open pit mines because of the shovel-truck system's increasing fuel and labour costs and conveyor systems' low operating costs and less greenhouse gas emissions. This article reviews the most recent literature since 2010 on short-term planning, based on different formulation and solution approaches, and IPCC, based on primary objectives such as optimum crusher location, economic/environmental comparison etc., to find the research gaps and future research opportunities in short-term planning with IPCC. The review reveals that hardly any short-term planning model can generate mine extraction sequences with IPCC integration. Therefore, a short-term planning methodology considering the IPCC system would be a pioneering step in the mine planning literature. Hence, the authors propose a theoretical short-term planning framework with IPCC as a future research direction.
Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles regulate PI(3)P signaling to facilitate lysosomal tubule fission
Authors: Boutry Maxime , DiGiovanni Laura F. , Demers Nicholas , Fountain Aaron , Mamand Sami , Botelho Roberto J. , Kim Peter K.
Published: June 2023

Formation and fission of tubules from autolysosomes, endolysosomes, or phagolysosomes are required for lysosome reformation. However, the mechanisms governing these processes in these different lysosomal organelles are poorly understood. Thus, the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is unclear as it was shown to promote the formation of tubules from phagolysosomes but was proposed to inhibit tubule formation on autolysosomes because the loss of PI4KIIIβ causes extensive lysosomal tubulation. Using super-resolution live-cell imaging, we show that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles are recruited to tubule fission sites from autolysosomes, endolysosomes, and phagolysosomes. Moreover, we show that PI(4)P is required to form autolysosomal tubules and that increased lysosomal tubulation caused by loss of PI4KIIIβ represents impaired tubule fission. At the site of fission, we propose that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles mediate a PI(3)P signal on lysosomes in a process requiring the lipid transfer protein SEC14L2. Our findings indicate that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles and their regulation of PI(3)P are critical components of the lysosomal tubule fission machinery.
Tuning the anomalous Nernst and Hall effects with shifting the chemical potential in Fe-doped and Ni-doped Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Liu Jie , Ding Linchao , Xu Liangcai , Li Xiaokang , Behnia Kamran , Zhu Zengwei
Published: June 2023

Co3Sn2S2 is believed to be a magnetic Weyl semimetal. It displays large anomalous Hall, Nernst and thermal Hall effects with a remarkably large anomalous Hall angle. Here, we present a comprehensive study of how substituting Co by Fe or Ni affects the electrical and thermoelectric transport. We find that doping alters the amplitude of the anomalous transverse coefficients. The maximum decrease in the amplitude of the low-temperature anomalous Hall conductivity

σ

i
j

A

is twofold. Comparing our results with theoretical calculations of the Berry spectrum assuming a rigid shift of the Fermi level, we find that given the modest shift in the position of the chemical potential induced by doping, the experimentally observed variation occurs five times faster than expected. Doping affects the amplitude and the sign of the anomalous Nernst coefficient. Despite these drastic changes, the amplitude of the

α

i
j

A

/

σ

i
j

A

ratio at the Curie temperature remains close to

≈

0.5

k

B

/

e

, in agreement with the scaling relationship observed across many topological magnets.
Experimental study of the magnetic field and current distribution in double-wire Z-pinch
Authors: Jiang Zhiyuan , Wu Jian , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ziwei , Wang Wei , Shi Huantong , Li Xingwen , Zhang Daoyuan
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the two-dimensional magnetic field structure of a double-wire Z-pinch during the ablation stage using Faraday rotation diagnosis. The experimental results intuitively display the two-dimensional magnetic field distribution and reveal the process of the global magnetic field spreading towards the load axis as the ablation progresses. The radial current component is determined based on the axial non-uniformity of the magnetic field structure, which further confirms the two-dimensional current path within the ablation stream. Additionally, the significantly enhanced magnetic field intensity and opposing magnetic field direction on both sides of the precursor plasma column indicate the existence of magnetic reconnection and the current layer within the precursor. This process also explicitly reveals the current transfer process from the wire to the precursor column. Through this structured investigation, we facilitate experimental validation of existing simulation outcomes and offer a more intuitive demonstration.
Mind the gap: the discrepancy between simulation and reality drives interpretations of the Galactic Center Excess
Authors: Caron Sascha , Eckner Christopher , Hendriks Luc , Jóhannesson Guðlaugur , Ruiz de Austri Roberto , Zaharijas Gabrijela
Published: June 2023

The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) in GeV gamma rays has been debated for over a decade, with the possibility that it might be due to dark matter annihilation or undetected point sources such as millisecond pulsars (MSPs). This study investigates how the gamma-ray emission model (γEM) used in Galactic center analyses affects the interpretation of the GCE's nature.
To address this issue, we construct an ultra-fast and powerful inference pipeline based on convolutional Deep Ensemble Networks. We explore the two main competing hypotheses for the GCE using a set of γEMs with increasing parametric freedom. We calculate the fractional contribution (f
src) of a dim population of MSPs to the total luminosity of the GCE and analyze its dependence on the complexity of the γEM. For the simplest γEM, we obtain f
src = 0.10 ± 0.07, while the most complex model yields f
src = 0.79 ± 0.24.
In conclusion, we find that the statement about the nature of the GCE (dark matter or not) strongly depends on the assumed γEM.
The quoted results for f
src do not account for the additional uncertainty arising from the fact that the observed gamma-ray sky is out-of-distribution concerning the investigated γEM iterations. We quantify the reality gap between our γEMs using deep-learning-based One-Class Deep Support Vector Data Description networks, revealing that all employed γEMs have gaps to reality.
Our study casts doubt on the validity of previous conclusions regarding the GCE and dark matter, and underscores the urgent need to account for the reality gap and consider previously overlooked “out of domain” uncertainties in future interpretations.
SiC trench MOSFET with dual shield gate and optimized JFET layer for improved dynamic performance and safe operating area capability
Authors: Zhang 张 Jin-Ping 金平 , Chen 陈 Wei 伟 , Chen 陈 Zi-Xun 子珣 , Zhang 张 Bo 波
Published: June 2023

A novel silicon carbide (SiC) trench metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with a dual shield gate (DSG) and optimized junction field-effect transistor (JFET) layer (ODSG-TMOS) is proposed. The combination of the DSG and optimized JFET layer not only significantly improves the device’s dynamic performance but also greatly enhances the safe operating area (SOA). Numerical analysis is carried out with Silvaco TCAD to study the performance of the proposed structure. Simulation results show that comparing with the conventional asymmetric trench MOSFET (Con-ATMOS), the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) is significantly reduced at almost the same avalanche breakdown voltage (BV
av). Moreover, the DSG structure brings about much smaller reverse transfer capacitance (C
rss) and input capacitance (C
iss), which helps to reduce the gate–drain charge (Q
gd) and gate charge (Q
g). Therefore, the high frequency figure of merit (HFFOM) of R
on,sp ⋅ Q
gd and R
on,sp ⋅ Q
g for the proposed ODSG-TMOS are improved by 83.5% and 76.4%, respectively. The switching power loss of the proposed ODSG-TMOS is 77.0% lower than that of the Con-ATMOS. In addition, the SOA of the proposed device is also enhanced. The saturation drain current (I
d,sat) at a gate voltage (V
gs) of 15 V for the ODSG-TMOS is reduced by 17.2% owing to the JFET effect provided by the lower shield gate (SG) at a large drain voltage. With the reduced I
d,sat, the short-circuit withstand time is improved by 87.5% compared with the Con-ATMOS. The large-current turn-off capability is also improved, which is important for the widely used inductive load applications.
Magnetic stimulation of the sciatic nerve using an implantable high-inductance coil with low-intensity current
Authors: Lee Kyeong Jae , Park Byungwook , Jang Jae-Won , Kim Sohee
Published: June 2023

Objective. Magnetic stimulation using implantable devices may offer a promising alternative to other stimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electric stimulation using implantable devices. This alternative may increase the selectivity of stimulation compared to TMS, and eliminate the need to expose tissue to metals in the body, as is required in electric stimulation using implantable devices. However, previous studies of magnetic stimulation of the sciatic nerve used large coils, with a diameter of several tens of mm, and a current intensity in the order of kA. Approach. Since such large coils and high current intensity are not suitable for implantable devices, we investigated the feasibility of using a smaller implantable coil and lower current to elicit neuronal responses. A coil with a diameter of 3 mm and an inductance of 1 mH was used as the implantable stimulator. Main results. Before in vivo experiments, we used 3D computational models to estimate the minimum stimulus intensity required to elicit neuronal responses, resulting in a threshold current above 3.5 A. In in vivo experiments, we observed successful nerve stimulation via compound muscle action potentials elicited in hind-limb muscles when the applied current was above 3.8 A, a significantly reduced current than that used in conventional magnetic stimulation. Significance. We report the feasibility of magnetic stimulation using an implantable millimeter-sized coil and low current of a few amperes to elicit neural responses in peripheral nerves. The proposed method is expected to be an alternative to TMS, with the merit of improved selectivity in stimulation, and to electrical stimulation based on implantable devices, with the merit of avoiding the exposure of conducting metals to neural tissues.
Optimization of the operational domain for ICRH scenarios in WEST from statistical analysis
Authors: Moiraf D. , Morales J. , Colas L. , Fedorczak N. , Gaspar J. , Dumont R.
Published: June 2023

In the WEST tokamak, the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) system plays a substantial role in increasing the plasma temperature. However, its efficiency can be lowered by two main phenomena: ripple-induced fast ion losses and technical limits on the antenna current. In this work, a new technique using IR thermography was employed to measure the flux of particles coming from the trapping of fast ions in the toroidal magnetic field ripple. These measurements provided the opportunity to fit parametric scaling laws in order to predict the ion flux intensity and the total power loss for experiments with a plasma current of

I

p

=
500

 kA and a major radius of the cyclotron resonance layer of

R

1H

=
2.5

 m depending on the heating power and the line-averaged electron density. Furthermore, another semi-empirical parametric scaling was developed to evaluate the coupling resistance depending on controllable parameters such as the line averaged electron density and the radial outer gap between the separatrix and the ICRH antenna. These laws were used to define an operational domain from the database of previous experiments made during campaign C4. The settled operational domain suggests that high power (

P

ICRH

>
3

 MW) and high electron density (

n

e

‾

>
5.0
×

10

19

 m−3) discharges are suitable for optimized steady-state high confinement scenarios in WEST using ICRH.
Scaling laws for electron kinetic effects in tokamak scrape-off layer plasmas
Authors: Power D. , Mijin S. , Wigram M. , Militello F. , Kingham R.J.
Published: June 2023

Tokamak edge (scrape-off layer (SOL)) plasmas can exhibit non-local transport in the direction parallel to the magnetic field due to steep temperature gradients. This effect along with its consequences has been explored at equilibrium for a range of conditions, from sheath-limited to detached, using the 1D kinetic electron code SOL-KiT, where the electrons are treated kinetically and compared to a self-consistent fluid model. Line-averaged suppression of the kinetic heat flux (compared to Spitzer-Härm) of up to 50% is observed, contrasting with up to 98% enhancement of the sheath heat transmission coefficient, γ

e
. Simple scaling laws in terms of basic SOL parameters for both effects are presented. By implementing these scalings as corrections to the fluid model, we find good agreement with the kinetic model for target electron temperatures. It is found that the strongest kinetic effects in γ

e
are observed at low-intermediate collisionalities, and tend to increase (keeping upstream collisionality fixed) at increasing upstream densities and temperatures. On the other hand, the heat flux suppression is found to increase monotonically as upstream collisionality decreases. The conditions simulated encompass collisionalities relevant to current and future tokamaks.
An lpGBT subsystem for environmental monitoring of experiments
Authors: Firlej Mirosław , Fiutowski Tomasz , Fonseca José , Idzik Marek , Kulis Szymon , Moreira Paulo , Moroń Jakub , Świentek Krzysztof
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the Low Power Giga Bit Transceiver (lpGBT)
built-in system for environmental monitoring of the LHC experiments
is presented. Eight external analogue inputs and eight internal
voltages are multiplexed into an instrumentation amplifier with
selectable gain, whose output is digitised by a 10-bit SAR ADC. A
programmable current source can be enabled for each external input
to implement resistance measurements. Internal channels are used to
monitor power supplies and the output of the temperature sensor. The
environmental monitoring system includes a precise 1 V reference
voltage source and a 10-bit voltage DAC. All blocks were designed
and fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology, fully characterised, and
the pre- and post-irradiation measurement results are presented in
this work.
An implementation of a channelizer based on a Goertzel Filter Bank for the read-out of cryogenic sensors
Authors: Ferreyro L.P. , García Redondo M. , Hampel M.R. , Almela A. , Fuster A. , Salum J. , Geria J.M. , Bonaparte J. , Bonilla-Neira J. , Müller N. , Karcher N. , Sander O. , Platino M. , Weber M. , Etchegoyen A.
Published: June 2023

In this work we present an application of the Goertzel
Filter for the channelization of multi-tonal signals, typically used
for the read-out of cryogenic sensors which are multiplexed in the
frequency domain (FDM), by means of Microwave Superconducting
Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Multiplexer (μMUX). We
demonstrate how implementing a bank of many of these filters, can be
used to perform a channelization of the multi-tonal input signal to
retrieve the data added by the sensors. We show how this approach
can be implemented in a resource-efficient manner in a Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) within the state-of-the-art, which
allows great scalability for reading thousands of sensors; as is
required by Radio Telescopes in Cosmic Microwave Background
Radiation (CMB) surveys using cryogenic bolometers, particles
detection like Neutrino mass estimation using cryogenic calorimeters
or Quantum Computing.
Calibration strategy of the PROSPECT-II detector with external and intrinsic sources
Authors: Andriamirado M. , Balantekin A.B. , Bass C.D. , Bergeron D.E. , Bernard E.P. , Bowden N.S. , Bryan C.D. , Carr R. , Classen T. , Conant A.J. , Delgado A. , Diwan M.V. , Dolinski M.J. , Erickson A. , Foust B.T. , Gaison J.K. , Galindo-Uribarri A. , Gilbert C.E. , Gokhale S. , Grant C. , Hans S. , Hansell A.B. , Heeger K.M. , Heffron B. , Jaffe D.E. , Jayakumar S. , Ji X. , Jones D.C. , Koblanski J. , Kunkle P. , Lane C.E. , Langford T.J. , LaRosa J. , Littlejohn B.R. , Lu X. , Maricic J. , Mendenhall M.P. , Meyer A.M. , Milincic R. , Mueller P.E. , Mumm H.P. , Napolitano J. , Neilson R. , Nikkel J.A. , Nour S. , Palomino J.L. , Pushin D.A. , Qian X. , Roca C. , Rosero R. , Searles M. , Surukuchi P.T. , Sutanto F. , Tyra M.A. , Venegas-Vargas D. , Weatherly P.B. , Wilhelmi J. , Woolverton A. , Yeh M. , Zhang C. , Zhang X.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an energy calibration scheme for an upgraded reactor antineutrino detector for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). The PROSPECT collaboration is preparing an upgraded detector, PROSPECT-II (P-II), to advance capabilities for the investigation of fundamental neutrino physics, fission processes and associated reactor neutrino flux, and nuclear security applications. P-II will expand the statistical power of the original PROSPECT (P-I) dataset by at least an order of magnitude. The new design builds upon
previous P-I design and focuses on improving the detector robustness and long-term stability to enable multi-year operation at one or more sites. The new design optimizes the fiducial volume by elimination of dead space previously occupied by internal calibration channels, which in turn necessitates the external deployment. In this paper, we describe a calibration strategy for P-II. The expected performance of externally deployed calibration sources is evaluated using P-I data and a well-benchmarked simulation package by varying detector segmentation configurations in the analysis. The proposed external calibration scheme delivers a compatible energy scale model and achieves comparable performance with the inclusion of an additional AmBe neutron source, in comparison to the previous internal arrangement. Most importantly, the estimated uncertainty contribution from the external energy scale calibration model meets the precision requirements of the P-II experiment.
Local fishery, global commodity: the role of institutions in mediating intersectoral conflict, cooperation, and competition in a globalized fishery
Authors: Seto Katherine L , Aheto Denis Worlanyo , Kwadjosse Theodore , O’Neill Kate
Published: June 2023

Commons scholarship has improved our understanding of how to govern resources for sustainability. However, it has also been critiqued for its focus on traits (e.g. well-defined system boundaries) that are increasingly threatened by social and environmental trends. Fisheries are a key example of this challenge. While small-scale fisheries are critically important to the diets and livelihoods of millions, industrial fisheries from developed countries now dominate fishing around the world. While these two systems are governed separately, there is substantial overlap between them, conceptualized as the growing influence of globalization on local common pool resource (CPR) systems. One of the most impactful, but least understood consequences of this convergence are the emerging conflicts and competition between small-scale and industrial fisheries. In these systems, the interaction between small-scale CPRs and globalized commodity chains has meant the creation of a new, hybrid resource system, addressed by neither conventional industrial nor traditional small-scale governance approaches. We use empirical data from 396 cases of interactions at sea between globalized industrial and local small-scale fishers in Ghana from 1984 to 2013 to examine the conditions under which resource users conflict or cooperate, linking them to broader political and economic dynamics across scales. We consider the institutional factors that mediate these interactions, identifying policies to promote cooperative, and avert conflictual incidents. We further consider the long-term effects of these patterns of conflict and cooperation for the resilience or vulnerability of the resource base, the fishers, and the institutions governing the system. We suggest that specific governance arrangements that reduce disparities between groups, promote bridging social capital, and enhance hybrid and cross-scale institutions offer the best potential to govern resource systems where traditional CPRs and market-oriented industries converge.
Disproportionate exposure to surface-urban heat islands across vulnerable populations in Lima city, Peru
Authors: Ascencio Edson J , Barja Antony , Benmarhnia Tarik , Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Climate change constitutes an unprecedented challenge for public health and one of its main direct effects are extreme temperatures. It varies between intra-urban areas and this difference is called surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. We aimed to assess SUHI distribution among socioeconomic levels in Lima, Peru by conducting a cross-sectional study at the block-level. The mean land surface temperature (LST) from 2017 to 2021 were estimated using the TIRS sensor (Landsat-8 satellite [0.5 km scale]) and extracted to block level. SUHI was calculated based on the difference on mean LST values (2017–2021) per block and the lowest LST registered in a block. Socioeconomic data were obtained from the 2017 Peruvian census. A principal component analysis was performed to construct a socioeconomic index and a mixture analysis based on quantile g-computation was conducted to estimate the joint and specific effects of socioeconomic variables on SUHI. A total of 69 618 blocks were included in the analysis. In the Metropolitan Lima area, the mean SUHI estimation per block was 6.44 (SD = 1.44) Celsius degrees. We found that blocks with high socioeconomic status (SES) showed a decreased exposure to SUHI, compared to those blocks where the low SES were predominant (p-value < 0.001) and that there is a significant SUHI exposure variation (p-value < 0.001) between predominant ethnicities per block (Non-White, Afro-American, and White ethnicities). The mixture analysis showed that the overall mixture effect estimates on SUHI was −1.01 (effect on SUHI of increasing simultaneously every socioeconomic variable by one quantile). Our study highlighted that populations with low SES are more likely to be exposed to higher levels of SUHI compared to those who have a higher SES and illustrates the importance to consider SES inequalities when designing urban adaptation strategies aiming at reducing exposure to SUHI.
Patterns of regional site index across a North American boreal forest gradient
Authors: Montesano Paul M , Neigh Christopher S R , Macander Matthew J , Wagner William , Duncanson Laura I , Wang Panshi , Sexton Joseph O , Miller Charles E , Armstrong Amanda H
Published: June 2023

Forest structure—the height, cover, vertical complexity, and spatial patterns of trees—is a key indicator of productivity variation across forested extents. During the 2017 and 2019 growing seasons, NASA’s Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment collected full-waveform airborne LiDAR using the land, vegetation and imaging sensor, sampling boreal and tundra landscapes across a variety of ecological regions from central Canada westward through Alaska. Here, we compile and archive a geo-referenced gridded suite of these data that include vertical structure estimates and novel horizontal cover estimates of vegetation canopy cover derived from vegetation’s vertical LiDAR profile. We validate these gridded estimates with small footprint airborne LiDAR, and link >36 million of them with stand age estimates from a Landsat time-series of tree-canopy cover that we confirm with plot-level disturbance year data. We quantify the regional magnitude and variability in site index, the age-dependent rates of forest growth, across 15 boreal ecoregions in North America. With this open archive suite of forest structure data linked to stand age, we bound current forest productivity estimates across a boreal structure gradient whose response to key bioclimatic drivers may change with stand age. These results, derived from a reduction of a large archive of airborne LiDAR and a Landsat time series, quantify forest productivity bounds for input into forest and ecosystem growth models, to update forecasts of changes in North America’s boreal forests by improving the regional parametrization of forest growth rates.
Impacts of national vs European carbon pricing on agriculture
Authors: Stepanyan Davit , Heidecke Claudia , Osterburg Bernhard , Gocht Alexander
Published: June 2023

The agricultural sector has the potential to contribute to reaching both global and national climate targets. Lately, frequent discussions emerge among academics as well as policymakers regarding whether the agricultural sector should be subject to carbon pricing under different emission trading systems. Germany has set ambitious climate targets envisaging to reach carbon neutrality by 2045, and the EU plans reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. However, the current GHG emission mitigation trends are not in line with this goal. In this study, we quantitatively analyze the environmental and economic effects of the possible inclusion of the agricultural sector into a carbon pricing scheme, once for Germany only, and second for the EU. Moreover, we evaluate the role of already existing and novel technological mitigation options in the GHG emissions mitigation quest. Our findings demonstrate that even the unilateral action by Germany leads to net agricultural emissions reduction, although, the effect obtained by the EU-wide implementation of carbon pricing in agriculture is fivefold larger. The results also highlight the importance of stimulating the use and transferability of the technological options not only in mitigating GHG emissions but also in alleviating the emission leakage to third countries and easing the economic consequences of such a policy.
A multiband and multifunctional metasurface polarization converter using split-ring resonators
Authors: Liu Hai , Lu Xiangyu , Chen Cong , Gao Peng , Dai Yaowei , Zhao Jiaming , Wan Yinhui , Zhao Siyi , Wang Xinyan , Li Lei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a multiband and multifunctional metasurface polarization converter is proposed based on split-ring resonators, which can effectively convert linearly polarized (LP) wave to cross-polarized and circularly polarized (CP) wave in the part of C to K bands. The simulation results show that when the structure has a metal bottom plate, the cross-polarization conversion can be achieved in three frequency bands, 7.43–10.49, 10.84–14.66, 16.32–18.19 GHz, the polarization conversion ratio >90%, and the conversion from LP-to-CP (LTC) can be achieved in five frequency bands of 7.27–7.4, 14.72–14.9, 15.24–16.05, 18.24–18.79 and 18.97–19.47 GHz, the axial ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB, and the polarization converter can maintain good performances in 45° incidence angle. When there is no bottom metal plate, the LTC function can be achieved in two frequency bands, 8.32–9.72 and 11.24–17.18 GHz, the AR is less than 3 dB, and with the increase of the incident angle, the first frequency band of the LTC conversion is almost unchanged, but the second frequency band is split into two bands and then stabilized. The mechanism of polarization conversion generation was analyzed, and the polarization converter can be widely used in microwave communication and radar stealth fields.
Strength and freeze-thaw cycle resistance of cement stabilized coastal clay mixed with shell powder
Authors: Ying Liangbo , Wang Yuxiang , Wang Wei
Published: June 2023

To study the effect of marine shell powder (SP) on the mechanical properties of cement solidified coastal clay (CSC), unconfined compressive strength test, freeze-thaw cycle test and Scanning Electron Microscope test were conducted on the stabilized soil. The results show that SP could improve the mechanical properties of CSC to some extent. When the SP content was 15%, the strength of CSC was the highest. Moreover, under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle, SP can enhance the compactness of coastal cement-clay, which shows that the pore area decreases by 7.2% during 7 freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, a mathematical empirical model of the unconfined compressive strength, SP content and freeze-thaw cycles of coastal cement-clay modified by seashell powder (SPCSC) specimens was established. The model has a good relevance with the investigated data, which can give a theoretical foundation for improving the performance of coastal cement-clay using seashell powder under different environments.
Measurement of the thermal properties of materials by the hot plate method considering the convection coefficient around the device
Authors: Dia Mohameth , Faye Mactar , Diallo Mamadou Salif , Sambou Vincent
Published: June 2023

Measurement methods based on the hot plate did not consider the exchange coefficients around the device. These measurements were based on analytical solutions of the unidirectional (1D) heat conduction equation. This paper describes an experimental method to simultaneously estimate the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of materials, taking into account the exchange coefficient around the device. This method is based on the measurement of the temperature at the center of a heating element inserted between two samples, with the unheated surface of the samples being kept constant. As a first step, a two-dimensional (2D) heat transfer model was solved using the finite volume method (FVM) and implemented in MATLAB®. To validate the computational code developed with the 2D model, a comparative study was performed with the full 3D model simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. This 2D model was then used to perform a sensitivity analysis on the different thermophysical parameters and the convection coefficient. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was used to calculate the estimates. An experimental study was performed on several material samples, leading to an estimation of their thermal properties. In addition, a comparative study based on the asymmetric hot plate (AHP) method was performed, and the results obtained showed a relative error of less than 4%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed model is validated to provide reliable thermophysical properties of materials.
Certifying unknown genuine multipartite entanglement by neural networks
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Lin Xiaodie , Wei Zhaohui
Published: June 2023

Suppose we have an unknown multipartite quantum state, how can we experimentally find out whether it is genuine multipartite entangled or not? Recall that even for a bipartite quantum state whose density matrix is known, it is already NP-Hard to determine whether it is entangled or not. Therefore, it is hard to efficiently solve the above problem generally. However, since genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) is such a fundamental concept that plays a crucial role in many-body physics and quantum information processing tasks, finding realistic approaches to certify GME is undoubtedly necessary. In this work, we show that neural networks can provide a nice solution to this problem, where measurement statistics data produced by measuring involved quantum states with local measurement devices serve as input features of neural networks. By testing our models on many specific multipartite quantum states, we show that they can certify GME very accurately, even including some new results unknown before. We also exhibit a possible way to improve the efficiency of our models by reducing the size of features. Lastly, we show that our models enjoy remarkable robustness against flaws in measurement devices, implying that they are very experiment-friendly.
Shift modules, strongly stable ideals, and their dualities
Authors: Fløystad Gunnar
Published: June 2023

We enrich the setting of strongly stable ideals (SSI): We introduce shift modules, a module category encompassing SSIs. The recently introduced duality on SSIs is given an effective conceptual and computational setting. We study SSIs in infinite dimensional polynomial rings, where the duality is most natural. Finally a new type of resolution for SSIs is introduced. This is the projective resolution in the category of shift modules.
A systematic review of the measurement properties of aspects of psychological capacity in older adults
Authors: Oster Candice , Hines Sonia , Rissel Chris , Asante Dennis , Khadka Jyoti , Seeher Katrin M , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Mikton Christopher , Diaz Theresa , Isaac Vivian
Published: June 2023

Objective

to examine the measurement properties of instruments that have been used to measure aspects of psychological capacity in adults aged 60 years and over.

Methods

the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMCARE and Scopus from 2010 were searched using search terms related to psychological capacity, older persons and measurement properties. Both data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) criteria using Covidence software.

Results

the full text of 326 articles were reviewed and a total of 30 studies were included, plus two further articles identified from reference lists (n = 32). No single instrument measuring psychological capacity was identified. Twenty (n = 20) instruments were identified that measure seven constructs of psychological capacity: Resilience; Sense of coherence; Hope; Mindfulness; Optimism; Attachment to life; Emotional regulation.

Conclusions

this systematic review identified potential measures of psychological capacity in older adults. The review will inform further work to develop a single comprehensive measure of psychological capacity in older adults.
Construction and characterization of ribonuclease H2 C subunit-knockout NIH3T3 cells
Authors: Hara Haruka , Yano Haruna , Akazawa Kaho , Kamoda Kana , Kandabashi Mako , Baba Misato , Takita Teisuke , Yasukawa Kiyoshi
Published: June 2023

Mammalian ribonuclease (RNase) H2 is a trimer consisting of catalytic A and accessory B and C subunits. RNase H2 is involved in the removal of misincorporated ribonucleotides from genomic DNA. In humans, mutations in RNase H2 gene cause a severe neuroinflammatory disorder, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS). Here, we constructed RNase H2 C subunit (RH2C)-knockout mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. Compared with the wild-type NIH3T3 cells, the knockout cells exhibited a decreased single ribonucleotide-hydrolyzing activity and an increased accumulation of ribonucleotides in genomic DNA. Transient expression of wild-type RH2C in the knockout cells increased this activity and decreased this ribonucleotide accumulation. Same events were observed when RH2C variants with an AGS-causing mutation, R69W or K145I, were expressed. These results corresponded with our previous results on the RNase H2 A subunit (RH2A)-knockout NIH3T3 cells and the expression of wild-type RH2A or RH2A variants with an AGS-causing mutation, N213I and R293H, in the RH2A-knockout cells.
Dihydroisocoumarins of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii inhibit binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2
Authors: Yano Akira , Yuki Sayaka , Kanno Yuko , Shiraishi Akiko , Onuma Hiroki , Uesugi Shota
Published: June 2023

Binding of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the cognate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is the initial step in the viral infection process. In this study, we screened an in-house extract library to identify food materials with inhibitory activity against this binding using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and attempted to ascertain their active constituents. Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii leaves were identified as candidate materials. Its active compounds were purified using conventional chromatographic methods and identified as naringenin and dihydroisocoumarins (hydrangenol and phyllodulcin), which have affinities for the ACE2 receptor and inhibit ACE2 receptor–spike S1 binding. Given that boiled water extracts of H. macrophylla leaves are commonly consumed as sweet tea in Japan, we speculated that this tea could be used as a potential natural resource to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Improving comparative analyses of Hi-C data via contrastive self-supervised learning
Authors: Li Han , He Xuan , Kurowski Lawrence , Zhang Ruotian , Zhao Dan , Zeng Jianyang
Published: June 2023

Hi-C is a widely applied chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based technique, which has produced a large number of genomic contact maps with high sequencing depths for a wide range of cell types, enabling comprehensive analyses of the relationships between biological functionalities (e.g. gene regulation and expression) and the three-dimensional genome structure. Comparative analyses play significant roles in Hi-C data studies, which are designed to make comparisons between Hi-C contact maps, thus evaluating the consistency of replicate Hi-C experiments (i.e. reproducibility measurement) and detecting statistically differential interacting regions with biological significance (i.e. differential chromatin interaction detection). However, due to the complex and hierarchical nature of Hi-C contact maps, it remains challenging to conduct systematic and reliable comparative analyses of Hi-C data. Here, we proposed sslHiC, a contrastive self-supervised representation learning framework, for precisely modeling the multi-level features of chromosome conformation and automatically producing informative feature embeddings for genomic loci and their interactions to facilitate comparative analyses of Hi-C contact maps. Comprehensive computational experiments on both simulated and real datasets demonstrated that our method consistently outperformed the state-of-the-art baseline methods in providing reliable measurements of reproducibility and detecting differential interactions with biological meanings.
Improving the identification of miRNA–disease associations with multi-task learning on gene–disease networks
Authors: He Qiang , Qiao Wei , Fang Hui , Bao Yang
Published: June 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of non-coding RNA molecules with vital roles in regulating gene expression. Although researchers have recognized the importance of miRNAs in the development of human diseases, it is very resource-consuming to use experimental methods for identifying which dysregulated miRNA is associated with a specific disease. To reduce the cost of human effort, a growing body of studies has leveraged computational methods for predicting the potential miRNA–disease associations. However, the extant computational methods usually ignore the crucial mediating role of genes and suffer from the data sparsity problem. To address this limitation, we introduce the multi-task learning technique and develop a new model called MTLMDA (Multi-Task Learning model for predicting potential MicroRNA-Disease Associations). Different from existing models that only learn from the miRNA–disease network, our MTLMDA model exploits both miRNA–disease and gene–disease networks for improving the identification of miRNA–disease associations. To evaluate model performance, we compare our model with competitive baselines on a real-world dataset of experimentally supported miRNA–disease associations. Empirical results show that our model performs best using various performance metrics. We also examine the effectiveness of model components via ablation study and further showcase the predictive power of our model for six types of common cancers. The data and source code are available from https://github.com/qwslle/MTLMDA.
A systematic review of computational methods for designing efficient guides for CRISPR DNA base editor systems
Authors: Giner Göknur , Ikram Saima , Herold Marco J , Papenfuss Anthony T
Published: June 2023

In only a few years, as a breakthrough technology, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) gene-editing systems have ushered in the era of genome engineering with a plethora of applications. One of the most promising CRISPR tools, so-called base editors, opened an exciting avenue for exploring new therapeutic approaches through controlled mutagenesis. However, the efficiency of a base editor guide varies depending on several biological determinants, such as chromatin accessibility, DNA repair proteins, transcriptional activity, factors related to local sequence context and so on. Thus, the success of genetic perturbation directed by CRISPR/Cas base-editing systems relies on an optimal single guide RNA (sgRNA) design, taking those determinants into account. Although there is 11 commonly used software to design guides specifically for base editors, only three of them investigated and implemented those biological determinants into their models. This review presents the key features, capabilities and limitations of all currently available software with a particular focus on predictive model-based algorithms. Here, we summarize existing software for sgRNA design and provide a base for improving the efficiency of existing available software suites for precise target base editing.
MASH Native: a unified solution for native top-down proteomics data processing
Authors: Larson Eli J , Pergande Melissa R , Moss Michelle E , Rossler Kalina J , Wenger R Kent , Krichel Boris , Josyer Harini , Melby Jake A , Roberts David S , Pike Kyndalanne , Shi Zhuoxin , Chan Hsin-Ju , Knight Bridget , Rogers Holden T , Brown Kyle A , Ong Irene M , Jeong Kyowon , Marty Michael T , McIlwain Sean J , Ge Ying
Published: June 2023

Motivation

Native top-down proteomics (nTDP) integrates native mass spectrometry (nMS) with top-down proteomics (TDP) to provide comprehensive analysis of protein complexes together with proteoform identification and characterization. Despite significant advances in nMS and TDP software developments, a unified and user-friendly software package for analysis of nTDP data remains lacking.

Results

We have developed MASH Native to provide a unified solution for nTDP to process complex datasets with database searching capabilities in a user-friendly interface. MASH Native supports various data formats and incorporates multiple options for deconvolution, database searching, and spectral summing to provide a “one-stop shop” for characterizing both native protein complexes and proteoforms.

Availability and implementation

The MASH Native app, video tutorials, written tutorials, and additional documentation are freely available for download at https://labs.wisc.edu/gelab/MASH_Explorer/MASHSoftware.php. All data files shown in user tutorials are included with the MASH Native software in the download .zip file.
S1000: a better taxonomic name corpus for biomedical information extraction
Authors: Luoma Jouni , Nastou Katerina , Ohta Tomoko , Toivonen Harttu , Pafilis Evangelos , Jensen Lars Juhl , Pyysalo Sampo
Published: June 2023

Motivation

The recognition of mentions of species names in text is a critically important task for biomedical text mining. While deep learning-based methods have made great advances in many named entity recognition tasks, results for species name recognition remain poor. We hypothesize that this is primarily due to the lack of appropriate corpora.

Results

We introduce the S1000 corpus, a comprehensive manual re-annotation and extension of the S800 corpus. We demonstrate that S1000 makes highly accurate recognition of species names possible (F-score =93.1%), both for deep learning and dictionary-based methods.

Availability and implementation

All resources introduced in this study are available under open licenses from https://jensenlab.org/resources/s1000/. The webpage contains links to a Zenodo project and three GitHub repositories associated with the study.