bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Broadband Differential Antenna Based on Common-Gate/Common-Source Active Balun Feed
Authors: Zhou Jian-Mei , Hu Hao , Li Chaoyi , Ren Yi , Luo Wei
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a novel broadband differential antenna is designed. An active balun is utilized to realize the wideband differential feed to achieve low cross- polarization antenna radiation within the working frequency of 1.0–1.6 GHz. The active balun uses a common-gate/common-source structure to achieve two equal-amplitude signals with 180° phase difference. The differential antenna is composed of rectangular slot floor and symmetrical radiation patch. The antenna is fed by the out-of-phase output of the active balun. The tested results in 1.0–1.6 GHz show the cross-polarization of E and H plane of the proposed differential antenna are lower than −22 dB, with maximum radiation direction gain is 2.3 dBi. The measured reflection coefficient of the proposed differential antenna based on the active balun feed is in good agreement with the simulation data.
Bayesian statistics meets sports: a comprehensive review
Authors: Santos-Fernandez Edgar , Wu Paul , Mengersen Kerrie L.
Published: June 2019

Bayesian methods are becoming increasingly popular in sports analytics. Identified advantages of the Bayesian approach include the ability to model complex problems, obtain probabilistic estimates and predictions that account for uncertainty, combine information sources and update learning as new data become available. The volume and variety of data produced in sports activities over recent years and the availability of software packages for Bayesian computation have contributed significantly to this growth. This comprehensive survey reviews and characterizes the latest advances in Bayesian statistics in sports, including methods and applications. We found that a large proportion of these articles focus on modeling/predicting the outcome of sports games and on the development of statistics that provides a better picture of athletes’ performance. We provide a description of some of the advances in basketball, football and baseball. We also summarise the sources of data used for the analysis and the most commonly used software for Bayesian computation. We found a similar number of publications between 2013 and 2018 as compared to those published in the three previous decades, which is an indication of the growing adoption rate of Bayesian methods in sports.
Precise volume fraction measurement for three-phase flow meter using 137Cs gamma source and one detector
Authors: Islami rad S. Z. , Gholipour Peyvandi R.
Published: June 2019

The ability to precisely predict the volume fraction percentage of the different phases flowing in a pipe plays an important role in the oil, petroleum and other industries. In this research, the volume fraction percentage was measured precisely in water-gasoil-air three-phase flows by using a single pencil beam gamma ray attenuation technique and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. The volume fraction percentage determination in three-phase flows requires least two gamma radioactive sources with different energies while in this study, we used just a 137Cs source (with the single energy of 662 keV) and a NaI detector. Also, in this work, the MLP neural network in MATLAB software was implemented to predict the volume fraction percentage. The experimental setup provides the required data for training and testing the network. Using this proposed method, the volume fraction was predicted in water-gasoil-air three-phase flows with mean relative error percentage less than 6.95 %. Also, the root mean square error was calculated 2.60. The set-up used is simpler than other proposed methods and cost, radiation safety and shielding requirements are minimized.
A New Application of Generalized Linear Failure Rate Distribution in Agriculture Using Ranked Set Sampling
Authors: Hassan Marwa K. H.
Published: June 2019

This article deals with perform inferences about stress–strength model R=P[Y<X] when X and Y are two independent random variables with generalized linear failure rate distribution (GLFRD) with the same and known scale parameters but not identically shaped parameters. In the literature, estimators based on simple random sample (SRS) are widely used in estimating stress–strength model. But in the resent years, ranked set sampling (RSS) has become popular in performing statistical inference. Therefore, the estimator of R based on RSS using maximum likelihood and modified maximum likelihood are obtained. Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to compare the estimators of R are obtained using RSS and SRS. Finally, agriculture application is presented.
Effects of extracellular vesicles on placentation and pregnancy disorders
Authors: Yang Changwon , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun
Published: June 2019

In humans, pregnancy maintenance depends on normal placental formation following trophoblast invasion into the endometrium and vascular remodeling. In the early stages of pregnancy, immune tolerance, inflammatory response and adaptation to hypoxia need to be precisely regulated in the placental microenvironment. Various types of cells, such as trophoblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipocytes, induce normal placental development via intercellular interactions through soluble factors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are used to diagnose various diseases because their constituents vary depending on the type of cell of origin and pathological characteristics. EV-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins in the placenta regulate inflammatory responses and the invasion of trophoblasts through intercellular delivery in the placental microenvironment. If the placenta does not adapt to the changed environment during early pregnancy, pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and gestational diabetes mellitus can occur. Thus, the important roles of EVs during pregnancy and development is fast emerging. This review describes the physiological role of EVs during placentation and their composition in the human placenta. It also suggests the possibility of finding EV markers that can diagnose pregnancy disorders. Furthermore, it describes the properties of EVs that affect pregnancy in livestock.
Distance between the fractional Brownian motion and the space of adapted Gaussian martingales
Authors: Mishura Yuliya , Shklyar Sergiy
Published: June 2019

We consider the distance between the fractional Brownian motion defined on the interval [0,1] and the space of Gaussian martingales adapted to the same filtration. As the distance between stochastic processes, we take the maximum over [0,1] of mean-square deviances between the values of the processes. The aim is to calculate the function a in the Gaussian martingale representation ∫0ta(s)dWs that minimizes this distance. So, we have the minimax problem that is solved by the methods of convex analysis. Since the minimizing function a can not be either presented analytically or calculated explicitly, we perform discretization of the problem and evaluate the discretized version of the function a numerically.
Continuous Noninvasive Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Neonates: From Theory to Standard of Care
Authors: Hochwald Ori , Borenstein-Levin Liron , Dinur Gil , Jubran Huda , Ben-David Shlomit , Kugelman Amir
Published: June 2019

Ventilatory support may affect the short- and long-term neurologic and respiratory morbidities of preterm infants. Ongoing monitoring of oxygenation and ventilation and control of adequate levels of oxygen, pressures, and volumes can decrease the incidence of such adverse outcomes. Use of pulse oximetry became a standard of care for titrating oxygen delivery, but continuous noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO2) is not routinely used in NICUs. Continuous monitoring of CO2 level may be crucial because hypocarbia and hypercarbia in extremely preterm infants are associated with lung and brain morbidities, specifically bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. It is shown that continuous monitoring of CO2 levels helps in maintaining stable CO2 values within an accepted target range. Continuous monitoring of CO2 levels can be used in the delivery room, during transport, and in infants receiving invasive or noninvasive respiratory support in the NICU. It is logical to hypothesize that this will result in better outcome for extremely preterm infants. In this article, we review the different noninvasive CO2 monitoring alternatives and devices, their advantages and disadvantages, and the available clinical data supporting or negating their use as a standard of care in NICUs.
Evaluation of System Effectiveness of Multifunctional Hydrogen Complex at Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Aminov R. Z. , Bayramov A. N. , Garievskii M. V.
Published: June 2019

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of the primary current frequency regulation in the power system, as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units under the conditions of involvement in the primary regulation. According to these requirements, the operation of NPPs is associated with unloading and a corresponding decrease in efficiency. In this regard, the combination of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex is shown to eliminate the inefficient discharge mode which allows the steam turbine equipment and equipment of the reactor facility to operate in the basic mode at the nominal power level. In addition, conditions are created for the generation and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen during the day, as well as additionally during the nighttime failure of the electrical load which allows them to be used to generate peak power.  The purpose of the article is to assess the systemic economic effect as a result of the participation of nuclear power plants in combination with the hydrogen complex in the primary control of the current frequency in the power sys-tem, taking into account the resource costs of the main equipment. In this regard, the paper gives the justification of cyclic loading of the main equipment of the hydrogen complex: metal storage tanks of hydrogen and oxygen, compressor units, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber of vapor-hydrogen overheating of the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. The methodological foundations for evaluating the working life of equipment under cyclic loading with the participation in the primary frequency control by the criterion of the growth rate of a fatigue crack are described. For the equipment of the hydrogen complex, the highest intensity of loading is shown to occur in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber due to high thermal stresses.  The system economic effect is estimated and the effect of wear of the main equipment under cyclic loading is shown. Under the conditions of combining NPP power units with a hydrogen complex, the efficiency of primary reg-ulation is shown to depend significantly on: the cost of equipment subjected to cyclic loading; frequency and intensity of cyclic loading; the ratio of the tariff for peak electricity, and the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants.  Based on the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the participation of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex in the primary frequency control, taking into account the damage to the equipment, the use of the hydrogen complex is shown to provide a tangible economic effect compared with the option of unloading nuclear power plants with direct participation in frequency control.
Changes in PR2 and PAL Patterns in Barley Challenged with Leaf Stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) and Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis) Diseases
Authors: Al-Daoude A. , Alek H. , Jawhar M. , Al-Shehadah E. , Shoiab A. , Arabi M. I. E.
Published: June 2019

The seed-borne (Pyrenophora graminea; Pg) and foliar
(Blumeria graminis; Bg) are two economically important
fungal pathogens of barley worldwide. Barley plant resistance genes, as the
pathogenesis related proteins play an important role in defense mechanisms. This
study aimed to monitor the expression of PR2 and
PAL pathogenesis related genes during
compatible/incompatible barley interaction with Pg and
Bg at different time points of disease development using
the Quantitative Real-time PCR technique (qRT-PCR).

Comparison of data showed that PR2 and PAL were
significantly over expressed in infected resistant and susceptible plants as
against their lower expression in controls,. Upregulation of these
defense-related genes during Pg and Bg
infections was companied with a slow development of disease symptoms at the time
course in the resistant genotype. qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher gene
expression in resistant barley plants inoculated with Pg as
compared with Bg, with a maximum expression for
PR2 (13.8 and 5.06-fold) and PAL (14.8 and
4.51-fold) respectively, at the latest stage of each disease development. It was
also noteworthy that PR2 and PAL genes, had
higher constitutive expression and faster induction for the both pathogens in
the resistant genotype as compared with the susceptible one.

Obtained results suggest that both genes, PR2 and
PAL, positively regulate Pg- and
Bg-resistance in barley plants during disease progress.
These expression patterns can provide useful insights to better understanding of
the barley–fungus interactions with different fungal lifestyles.
The biology of Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in the north western plains of India
Authors: Viswajyothi K. , Aggarwal N. , Jindal J.
Published: June 2019

The biology of Sesamia inferens (Walker) was studied at 25±1 °C
and 70±5 per cent relative humidity on PMH 1 maize hybrid. The incubation period
was 6.82±0.05 days. There were six larval instars and the larval development was
completed in 29.95±0.16 days. The duration of instars I-VI was 4.17±0.09,
3.60±0.08, 4.47±0.02, 4.40±0.03, 6.18±0.06 and 7.13±0.05 days, respectively. The
pre-pupal period was 2.83±0.02 days. The male and female pupa had duration of
8.05±0.12 days and 10.33±0.16 days, respectively. The adult emergence was
93.02±0.01 per cent, with a sex ratio of 1:1.05. The males had shorter longevity
of 3.92±0.23 days, while females had 5.05±0.28 days. The pre-oviposition,
oviposition and post-oviposition period was 1.11±0.10, 2.96±0.19 and 0.79±0.10
days, respectively. The fecundity was 211.92 ±11.92 eggs with 53.69±10.78 eggs
per cluster. The egg hatchability was 92.19±0.01 per cent. The total life cycle
was completed in 47.65±0.24 days (Male) and 49.93±0.21 days (female). The
observations on the biology will help in developing efficient strategies to
manage S. inferens on maize in the north western plains of
India.
Relationship between Hidrogenionic Potential (pH) of Protein-based Baits and Attraction of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Authors: Ghanim N. M. , El-Metwally M. M.
Published: June 2019

Hidrogenionic potential (pH) of the baits plays a fundamental role in attracting
fruit flies. So, the purposes of this study were to study the effect of pH-level
on the ability of protein-based baits to attract Mediterranean fruit fly,
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) under
field conditions. Three concentrations of Buminal (2.5, 5 and 10%) in addition
to three concentrations of ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, di-ammonium
phosphate and acetic acid (1, 2 and 3%) added to Buminal 5% were tested by using
the modified Nadel traps in navel orange and mandarin orchards. The obtained
data showed that the highest effective treatment in attracting C.
capitata adults in navel orange and mandarin orchards was that of
Buminal + 3% of ammonium acetate, where, pH-levels ranged between 6.32 and 6.89.
Buminal + acetic acid when used at pH-levels ranged between 3.73 and 4.43 were
less attractive to C. capitata. All of the tested treatments
obviously attracted females more than males. Statistically, C.
capitata adults specifically were females affected by pH-level more
than concentration percentage. C. capitata preferred baits
which had pH-levels ranged between 5.5 and 8.5 and the highest attractive
treatments were occurred between 6.32 and 8.29.
Viability and pathogenicity of Rhynchosporium secalis after long-term storage
Authors: Arabi M. I. E. , Alek H. , Al-Shehadah E. , Jawhar M.
Published: June 2019

Long-term storage of Rhynchosporium secalis cultures is a challenge for any lab managing a working collection of isolates. In this work, the viability and pathogenicity of R. secalis stock cultures were tested after four years of storage at −20 °C in different concentrations of glycerol. Germinability were measured after each storage by collecting spores by coverslips and placing them on water agar in closed Petri dishes at 20–22 °C in the dark and allowed to germinate for 24 h. Additionally, at the end of each storage treatment, conidia were collected by coverslips from sporulated leaf lesions of symptomatic barley leaves and placed under similar conditions as non-stored controls.

Cultures of all stored isolates were viable with a spore germination rate of 72.28% (Rs22) after four years of storage at −20 °C in 60% glycerol. Low viability and contamination were observed when spores were stored in sterile distilled water and in Lima bean agar. All isolates continued to infect barley leaves after 4 years of storage. However, the pathogenicity was significantly (P <0.05) reduced in isolates stored in glycerol as compared with controls.

This work helps to preserve R. secalis for a long term period at −20 °C without any contamination; therefore, due to the low costs our results could be applicable for laboratories that have limited resources.
Improving Bisexual Lures for the Silver Y Moth Autographa gamma L. and Related Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Tóth M. , Landolt P. , Szarukán I. , Nagy A. , Jósvai J. K.
Published: June 2019

The addition of synthetic eugenol and benzyl acetate to the known floral chemical
and moth attractant phenylacetaldehyde synergized attraction of the silver Y
moth Autographa gamma, an important noctuid pest. Traps baited
with the ternary blend caught 2 to 6 times more A. gamma moths
than traps baited with phenylac-etaldehyde alone. Both female and male moths
were attracted, supposedly in the natural sex ratio of the local population.
More A. gamma were caught when the blend was formulated in
dispenser types with higher release rates. Traps baited with the ternary lure in
polyethylene bag dispensers caught 20% to 34% as many moths as were caught in
traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone, suggesting that this improved
bisexual lure could be efficient enough to yield a new tool for detection and
monitoring of female and male A. gamma, for more reliable plant
protection decisions.

The same ternary lure also improved trap catches of moths over phenylacetaldehyde
alone for the plusiinae pests MacDunnoughia confusa (in Europe)
and Autographa californica (in North America) and for the
Noctuinae cutworm Xestia c-nigrum (in North America).
Translated Language or Edited Language? A Study of Passive Constructions in Translation Manuscripts and their Published Versions
Authors: Bisiada Mario
Published: June 2019

Can translated language really be analysed based on published texts, given the many agents that may influence the translator's work before publication? This article seeks to address this question through a parallel corpus study of English business articles, their German translation manuscripts and the published German translations. The objects of study are passive voice constructions. I analyse the frequency of instances where translators used the active voice to translate verbs that are in passive voice in the source text (and vice versa), and whether editors maintained that construction or intervened to change it again. The study finds that translators use the passive voice extensively to translate active voice constructions. Editors intervene often to change such constructions back to active voice. This suggests that translators mainly passivise while editors mainly activise constructions. The tense used in the source text is shown to have an effect on whether these interventions take place or not. The article argues that there is a difference between what translated language actually is and what we find in published texts.
Self-study Strategies in Project-based Specialised Translator Training
Authors: Pietrzak Paulina
Published: June 2019

The understanding of the role of the contemporary translator is fraught with contradictions and idealistic visions of individuals who, by definition, should be fully competent and versatile. In spite of the fact that lots of translation researchers have probed into the identification and exploration of the concept of translator competence, relatively little study has been devoted to training specialised translators and its metacognitive aspects. Due to the dynamic nature of the translator's occupation, it is difficult to predict what specific skills will prove useful for novice specialised translators in their professional career. The article aims to stress the importance of self-study in the specialised translator competence development. First, the author briefly discusses the nature of specialised translator competence in relation to medical translation and then analyses the principles of and approaches to specialised translator training. With the assumption that it is vital for the translator to be a reliable and self-reliant mediator in specialised service environment, the author poses the question of how to implement self-study strategies in specialised translator training. The article demonstrates a number of task-based terminological activities which exemplify the implementation of self-study strategies into project-based specialised translator training.
Prosody Instruction for Interpreter Trainees: Does Methodology Make a Difference? An Experimental Study
Authors: Yenkimaleki Mahmood , Van Heuven Vincent J.
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the effect of explicit vs. implicit prosody teaching on the quality of consecutive interpretation by Farsi–English interpreter trainees. Three groups of student interpreters were formed. All were native speakers of Farsi who studied English translation and interpreting at the BA level at the University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Participants were assigned to groups at random, but with equal division between genders (6 female and 6 male students in each group). No significant differences in English language skills (TOEFL scores) could be established between the groups. Participants took a pretest of consecutive interpreting before starting the program. The control group listened to authentic audio tracks and did exercises in consecutive interpreting. The first experimental group received explicit instruction of English prosody and did exercises based on the theoretical explanation which was provided by their Iranian instructor. The second experimental group received implicit instruction of English prosody through the use of recasts. The total instruction time was the same for all the groups, i.e. 10 hours. Students then took a posttest in consecutive interpretation. The results showed that explicit teaching of prosody had a significantly positive effect on the overall quality of interpreting from Farsi into English compared with that of implicit prosody instruction. These results have pedagogical implications for curriculum designers, interpreter training programs, material producers and all who are involved in language study and pedagogy.
Effects of additional colostrum feeding on the levels of protein fractions in calves’ serum
Authors: Wojtas Edyta , Iwaszkiewicz Marta , Zachwieja Andrzej , Pecka-Kiełb Ewa , Paczyńska Katarzyna , Tumanowicz Joanna
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of additional colostrum feeding to new born calves on levels of selected serum protein
fractions. The study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm. Twenty-four cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed and their calves were
included in the trial. Chemical composition, the somatic cell count (SCC), the total bacteria count (TBC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration were determined in colostrum samples. Blood was collected via jugular vein puncture from a total of 24 calves at the 36th hour of life. Total serum protein (TSP), as well as its fractions (albumins, globulins) and IgG concentration were determined. Greater IgG, total protein, albumins and globulins concentrations were found in serum of calves fed colostrum four times compared with three times on the first day of life. It was concluded that increasing the number of colostrum feedings to four times can be beneficial to forming of passive immunity of newborn calves.
METODE ISTINBATH HUKUM IBNU KATSÎR DALAM KITAB TAFSÎR AL-QUR’ÂN AL-AZHÎM
Authors: Bisri Hasan
Published: June 2019

AbstrakIbnu Katsîr di kalangan para pengkaji tafsir dan ilmu-ilmu al-Quran bukan tokoh yang asing, karena kitab tafsirnya yang bercorak bi al-ma’tsûr dipergunakan sebagai salah satu kitab induk dalam studi al-Quran dan menjadi referensi utama dalam penafsiran hukum al-Quran. Karena itulah, tafsir Ibnu Katsîr yang muncul pada abad ke tujuh hijriyah dan bermazhab Syâfi‘î sudah bergitu akrab di dunia pesantren di Indonesia, dan dijadikan rujukan penting dalam pembahasan masalah-masalah keagamaan dan kemasyarakatan (masâ’il al-diniyyah wa al-ijtimâ’iyyah). Kendatipun demikian, Tafsir Ibnu Katsîr tersebut da­lam kupasan hukum-hukumnya, tidak selamanya selaras dengan mazhab Syâfi‘î, tergantung argumentasi yang dibangunnya, sehingga ter­kadang selaras dengan pemikiran Imam al-Syâfi‘î, atau sebaliknya. Metode istinbath hukum yang digunakan oleh Ibnu Katsîr lebih banyak menggunakan tarjîh sehingga terkesan moderat dan tidak ta’asub mazhab. Kata Kunci: Tafsîr bi al-ma’tsûr, Istinbâth al-Ahkâm, Tarjîh
PANDANGAN ULAMA TENTANG TAQNIN AHKAM
Authors: Jaenudin Jaenudin
Published: June 2019

AbstrakHukum Islam sejak awal pembentukannya mengalami perkembangan yang terus dinamis seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu di bidang ilmu perundang-undangan modern. Pada awalnya hukum Islam dilembaga­kan melulalui hasil ijtihad fuqaha yang disusun dalam kitab-kita fiqh maupun para hakim pengadilan melalui putusannya. Perkemangan hu­kum modern dengan adanya hukum negara yang terkodifikasi menuntut adanya perubahan bentuk hukum Islam yang terlembagakan melalui institusi resmi kengaraan yang mengikat dan formal. Dalam sejarah, Khilafah Usmani, melalui Sultan Sulaiman telah mulai menyusun bentuk fiqh secara resmi yang disebut qanun, sehinggan karena itu pula Sultan Sulaiman dari Usmani dikenal sebagai Sulaiman al-Qanuni (1520-1560 M). Keberadaan Qanun Fiqh dipandang sebagai sebagai suatu kebu­tuhan dan adapula yang mamandang bahwa keberadaan Qanun Fiqh da­pat membatasi gerak ijtihad yang merupakan bentuk fleksibilitas hukum Islam.Kata Kunci: Ijtihad, Qanun, Undang-undang.
PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis
Published: June 2019

AbstrakSeiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, globalisasi ekonomi, reformasi dalam berbagai bidang hukum, dan pembaruan pemikiran Islam berdampak pada dinamika penerapan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pembaharuan hukum perkawinan di Indonesia dalam hal poligami, syarat perceraian dan hubungan keper­dataan anak. Hasil pene­litian menunjukkan bahwa ter­dapat beberapa pembaharuan berkenaan dengan persyaratan poligami; persyaratan perceraian; dan hubungan keperdataan anak hasil dari nikah sirri. Kata Kunci: Pembaharuan Hukum Perkawinan, Poligami, Perceraian
PELAKSANAAN KEKEBALAN DIPLOMATIK DALAM KONVENSI WINA 1961 PERSPEKTIF SIYASAH DAULIYAH
Authors: Wulan A. Ratna
Published: June 2019

AbstrakTulisan ini menjelaskan pelaksanaan kekebalan diplomatik dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 dan perspektif siyasah dauliyah terhadap pelak­sanaan kekebalan tersebut. Lahirnya Konvensi Wina 1961 berawal dari duta Rusia yang ditangkap dengan tuduhan penipuan di negara Inggris. Hal ini menye­babkan per­tikaian di antara dua negara tersebut. Inggris kemudian mengajukan RUU bahwa diplomat dibebaskan dari yurisdiksi perdata dan pidana. Dokumen tersebut menjadi dasar kekebalan dan keisti­mewaan diplo­matik masa kini. Seorang diplomat yang akan melak­sanakan tugas harus mendapat jaminan keamanan dan persetujuan dari negara penerima, ia akan mendapatkan sebuah paspor hitam dan menikmati kemudahan perlakuan dan kekebalan di negara penerima yang diatur dalam Konvensi Wina 1961. Dalam siyasah dauliyah seorang diplomat yang diutus ke wilayah Islam berhak mendapat status aman yakni dilindungi harta dan darahnya berdasarkan perjanjian keamanan (akad aman) oleh penguasa Islam selama ia bertugas.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BRI SYARIAH CABANG BANDUNG SUNIARAJA
Authors: Suherman Usep Deden
Published: June 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis (1) budaya organisasi dan kinerja pegawai pada BRI Syariah Cabang Bandung Suniaraja, (2) pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada BRI Syariah Cabang Bandung Suniaraja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif pada 74 pegawai BRI Syariah Cabang BandungSuniaraja dengan menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umum budaya organisasi pada BRI Syariah Cabang Bandung Suniaraja berada pada kategori baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari inovasi dan pengambilan resiko, perhatian kerincian, orientasi hasil, orientasi orang, orientasi tim, keagresifan dan kemantapan. Jika ditinjau dari kinerja pegawai BRI Syariah Cabang Bandung Suniaraja berada dalam kategori baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari segi kualitas, kuantitas, ketepatan waktu, efektivitas dan komitmen kerja berada dalam kategori baik juga. Selanjutnya, budaya organisasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan siginifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai.
ANALISIS STRATEGI MODAL KERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFITABILITAS PADA PT. PEGADAIAN (PERSERO)
Authors: Widiawati Widiawati
Published: June 2019

AbstrakPada dasarnya tujuan suatu perusahaan melaksanakan aktivitas atau kegiatan perusahaannya adalah untuk memperoleh laba atau profit. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut perusahaan perlu memperhatikan semua aspek yang mempengaruhi perolehan laba tersebut. Di antaranya adalah pendanaan yang diperuntukan bagi modal kerja perusahaan. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi modal kerja apa yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan, yaitu dengan cara menganalisis dari mana modal kerja dibiayai atau didanai dan bagaimana implikasi­nya terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu analisis yang didasarkan pada penghi­tungan-penghitungan aset lancar, aset tetap dan liabilitas serta ekuitas yang dimiliki perusahaan untuk mengetahui strategi modal kerja apa yang digunakan perusahaan sehingga diketahui tingkat likuiditas perusahaan dan implikasinya terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa sebagian harta lancar atau modal kerja didanai dari liabilitas atau kewajiban jangka panjang, artinya perusa­haan menggunakan strategi modal kerja konservatif dan hasil analisis menunjukan adanya pertukaran (trade off) antara likuiditas dengan profitabilitas.
Efek Larvasida Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti
Authors: Yulianti Lina , Supriadin Asep , Rosahdi Tina Dewi
Published: June 2019

Tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) telah dikenal masyarakat sebagai gulma yang digunakan untuk obat tradisional. Tumbuhan dari famili Asteraceae ini mengandung terpenoid dan steroid yang bersifat larvasida. Senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam tumbuhan kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.)  diduga dapat memberikan efek larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti, sehingga dilakukan ekstraksi dan fraksinasi terhadap daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) untuk pengujian larvasida. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi menggunakan n-heksana, ekstrak yang didapat difraksinasi menggunakan metode KVC, KKG, KLT dan hasil fraksinasi (B2-G3) diidentifikasi dengan FTIR. Pengujian larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti dilakukan pada hasil ekstraksi (Crude) dan fraksi B2-G3 sebagai sampel uji. Data mortalitas Aedes aegypti dianalisis probit dengan SPSS 16,00 untuk menentukan nilai LC50 selama 72 jam. Sampel uji dikategorikan toksik jika menunjukkan nilai LC50< 1000 ppm. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 fraksi B2-G3 adalah 738,938 ppm yang menunjukkan fraksi tersebut berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti. Sedangkan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak n-heksana (Crude) adalah 16358,825 ppm yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana dari daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) tidak berpotensi sebagai larvasida terhadap Aedes aegypti.
Adsorpsi Ion Logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ Oleh Silika Gel dari Abu Ampas Tebu
Authors: Nur'aeni Dyanti , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Suhendar Dede
Published: June 2019

Silika gel telah diekstaksi dari abu ampas tebu menggunakan metode sol-gel kemudian digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan kadar ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengabuan ampas tebu pada suhu 700 selama 6 jam dilanjutkan pembuatan larutan natrium silikat dengan melarutkan abu ampas tebu dalam larutan NaOH disertai pengadukan dan pemanasan selama 1 jam. Natrium silikat yang terbentuk ditambahkan larutan HCl hingga larutan mencapai pH 7. Gel akan terbentuk setelah diperam selama 18 jam, kemudian disaring dan dicuci dengan akua dm, serta dikeringkan dalam oven dan digerus. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan memasukkan silika gel ke dalam larutan ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+, kemudian didiamkan selama beberapa waktu. Setelah adsorpsi, larutan sisa dianalisis menggunakan AAS untuk mengetahui jumlah ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ yang teradsorpsi dalam silika gel. Karakterisasi terhadap silika gel hasil ektraksi menunjukan terdapat gugus silanol, siloksi dan siloksan pada pengujian menggunakan FTIR dan karakterisasi menggunkan XRD menunjukkan silika gel berfasa amorf. Hasil adsorpsi ketiga variasi menunjukan adanya kompetisi antara ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ dalam memperebutkan sisi aktif dari silika gel, dimana ion logam Cu2+ lebih dulu teradsorpsi dari pada ion logam Mn2+. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa silika gel dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan kadar ion logam Mn2+ dan Cu2+ dalam limbah cair.
Archaeological Encounters
Authors: Rizvi Uzma
Published: June 2019

This article reorients archaeology’s approach to things by acknowledging the moment of the encounter with the past as one of speculation. Years of scientific claim, research design and methodology place the agentive nature of research in the hands of the archaeologist: we go to the site to find the past. However, if we acquiesce to the possibility that antiquity approaches the archaeologist (rather than vice versa), then that forces us to contend with the contemporary nature of the encounter. This article considers the efficacy, urgency, and poetics of decolonization.
Material and Intangible Interventions as Future
Authors: McAtackney Laura
Published: June 2019

This paper uses archaeological studies of political imprisonment in Ireland to show how (im)material interventions at Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin are central to understanding evolving identity and memory in post-partition Ireland. This heritage prison is not only an “icon” of historical struggle, it is a material entity where archaeological methodologies can help to uncover the past realities of imprisonment. Furthermore, it is a highly political place in the present where conflict continues regarding who “wins” the peace in the realm of public memory. This paper argues that archaeological approaches to a transitional heritage site are ideally placed to illuminate not only experiences of its functional past but also its evolving relationship with contemporary society as a form of future-making.
Editorial - Vol. 41, N.1, 2019
Authors: Escudero Camila
Published: June 2019

Durante os trabalhos de produção de um novo número da Comunicação & Sociedade, procuramos reunir artigos que deem conta não só das novidades com relação à difusão do conhecimento científico,
Narrativas midiáticas contra-hegemônicas: jornalismo amador como afirmação identitária.
Authors: Segabinazzi Tiago , Mazzarino Jane Márcia
Published: June 2019

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica e observação empírica reflete sobre narrativas midiáticas produzidas como parte de movimentos sociais contra-hegemônicos e suas contribuições com a democracia comunicacional ao propor temas marginalizados. A grande mídia se tornou suspeita ao seu público devido à relação próxima com os campos econômico e político; como sua operação mercadológica massiva não pode dar conta da heterogeneidade cultural da sociedade, acaba por promover exclusões e estereótipos. Diante de uma hegemonia a operar, grupos minoritários buscam manifestar suas identidades por meio de iniciativas autônomas à mídia tradicional, denominadas midiativismo.
A FAPESP e a Ciência da Comunicação: Legitimação, Contribuição e Construção da Área
Authors: Gabrioti Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

O artigo retrata a pesquisa de Doutorado que considerou 912 projetos, entre Bolsas de Estudos e Auxílios, fomentados pela FAPESP, de 1992 a 2016, em Comunicação. Propõe-se, a partir dos dados compilados da Biblioteca Virtual da Fundação, uma construção taxionômica, tendo como estratégias metodológicas principais a Pesquisa Documental e a Análise de Conteúdo. Por meio de ambas, se compreendem as tendências de estudos e se produzem índices e indicadores das linhas de fomento, aplicando o método das inferências. Parte dos resultados atingidos são: a pesquisa em Comunicação segue atrativa e se centraliza na cidade de São Paulo; alguns objetos de estudo simbolizam a primeira passagem secular na Área; o impasse conceitual sobre o que é Comunicação se mantém; e a metapesquisa é necessária, nos Programas de Pós-Graduação brasileiros, para mensurar e refletir sobre o que se escreve e se produz em busca de um pensamento autônomo, legitimado e reconhecido em face do institucional.
Letramentos digitais: o cinema como dispositivo didático-pedagógico potencializador de atos de currículo, no ensino superior
Authors: Amaral Mirian Maia do , Santos Rosemary Dos , Santos Edméa Oliveira dos
Published: June 2019

As tecnologias digitais em rede promovem transformações significativas nos processos de comunicação, de sociabilidade, de educação e de aprendizagem. Na cibercultura, cenário, sociotécnico contemporâneo, emergem os letramentos digitais e/ou multiletramentos, que alterando modos de leitura e de escrita a partir de códigos e sinais verbais e não verbais, como imagens, tabelas, sons, gestos, infográficos, gráficos, mapas, fotografias, reportagens visuais, entre outras formas de comunicação. Nesse contexto, somos convidados a pensar a relação entre educação e arte, particularmente no que se refere às projeções cinematográficas, como dispositivos didático-pedagógicos que favorecem o desenvolvimento de processos reflexivos e críticos. Sob esse olhar, em pesquisa desenvolvida, durante estágio de pós-doutoramento realizado na UERJ, em 2016, utilizamos o filme “Narradores de Javé”, para criar atos de currículo e vivenciar práticas educativas, com base numa didática implicada e multidimensional, que contemplou as dimensões integrativas, formativas e tecnológicas do processo de aprendizagem, possibilitando aos estudantes, o desenvolvimento de novas visões de mundo.
As narrativas no telejornalismo rural: um estudo sobre as estratégias utilizadas na construção das notícias nos programas Globo Rural e Jornal Terraviva
Authors: Darde Vicente William da Silva , Leme Fernando Albino
Published: June 2019

Programas televisivos especializados possuem o desafio de falar uma linguagem mais técnica dominada pelo público receptor, diferentemente do jornalismo generalista que se utiliza da linguagem mais usual e comum aos diversos públicos. Um telejornal transmitido em TV aberta atinge um público telespectador de diversas idades, gêneros, classes sociais e interesses políticos e econômicos. Todavia, um telejornal especializado necessita construir uma narrativa que seja reconhecida por esse público mais homogêneo. No caso dos telejornais segmentados no agronegócio, como o Globo Rural e o Jornal Terraviva, entendemos que as narrativas seguem o padrão de informar ao homem do campo as principais notícias que impactam diretamente no seu trabalho. A partir desse pressuposto, buscamos compreender como são elaboradas as narrativas jornalísticas nesses dois telejornais rurais.
Uma sociologia sonora para “O Homem que desafiou o Diabo”
Authors: Monteiro Mauricio Mário
Published: June 2019

Esse trabalho propõe estudar as sonoridades do filme “O Homem que desafiou o Diabo” de Moacyr Góes (2007). O diretor explorou vários estilos e gêneros, sempre a contemplar a música característica do nordeste brasileiro. A construção do herói Ojuara vem à maneira do imaginário europeu, mas suas ações são tipicamente brasileiras. O Diabo vira Cão Miúdo e samba. Por um lado, modalismo, tonalismo e impressionismo compõem a saga de Ojuara; por outro, o coco, o xote e o samba, descontroem o diabo e lhe dá roupagem tipicamente brasileira.
Paraty como localidade aglutinadora de grandes festivais musicais e eventos culturais do país
Authors: Herschmann Micael , Fernandes Cíntia Sanmartin
Published: June 2019

A partir não só de levantamento de matérias veiculadas na mídia tradicional e de dados socioeconômicos (especialmente turísticos) do território, mas também de observações de campo, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas (realizadas com lideranças, moradores, autoridades, produtores e artistas), buscou-se neste artigo “seguir os atores” (Teoria Ator Rede) e fazer um balanço da situação socioeconômica e cultural após o município de Paraty ter adotado uma série de estratégias de marketing territorial, buscando se caracterizar no setor turístico nacional como a “cidade dos festivais”. Analisando os festivais e eventos incorporados com destaque ao calendário local nos últimos quinze anos constatou-se que a música emerge como um vetor importante que é acionado e articulado pelos atores às cadeias da gastronomia, do turismo e do entretenimento. Busca-se neste artigo avaliar os desafios que vem sendo enfrentados em Paraty e de que maneiras a música e, de modo geral, a cultura poderiam contribuir para a construção na localidade de um território mais democrático e equilibrado. Ao se privilegiar na análise construída aqui o estudo de caso da música, busca-se abrir a “caixa preta” desse território, pois parte-se do pressuposto de que permite compreender melhor algumas das controvérsias e interesses presentes na cidade.
Scenekunstens (for)handlingsrom etter 22. juli
Authors: Böhnisch Siemke
Published: June 2019

In this article I discuss theatre’s scope of action after the 2011 terror attacks in Norway (“22. July”), with an emphasis on independent theatre, aesthetic heteronomy and the public sphere. A theatre manager’s (Jon Refsdal Moe) retrospect account of and reflections upon a case of self-censoring is the starting point for my (re-)examination of the arguments and dynamics concerning some of the most prominent contentious 22. July performances. I discuss how the controversies can be understood and dealt with, and how they are connected to theatre’s scope of action and place in society today. In my argument, I differentiate between the public sphere as an arena for discussion and debate (which theatre, as an institution, more or less has lost its impact on), and the public, conceived as an imagined community (which theatre still is strongly connected to, as assigned a publics’ symbolic space). I argue that the controversies about the 22. July performances, as well as the usage of marginal spaces, have to be understood as part of a far-reaching cultural dynamics after the terror attacks, concerning not only the arts, but numerous sectors of society, and that the performances aesthetic heteronomy requires a work- and context specific approach.
Fortidens fremtid
Authors: Leinslie Elisabeth
Published: June 2019

Performing art is part of our national cultural heritage and in Norway we have good traditions for preserving the cultural heritage. For many years, however, performing arts was an art field where cultural heritage work was weak. During the last 10–15 years, this work has been strengthened. In this article, I will give an introduction to the work of a national digital performing arts archive that was developed during this period: Sceneweb – which is owned and operated by Performing Arts Hub Norway (PAHN). The Sceneweb database is a professional system adapted for the classification of performing art material. It is an object-based relational database which can function as an authority register and national standard for the recording of performing art material. In this article, I outline the choices that lie behind the development of this system, and for our national plan for the preservation and dissemination of archival material. I also explain our extensive cooperation with the National Library.
Accounting for Innovations in Consumer Digital Services: IT Still Matters
Authors: Byrne David , Corrado Carol
Published: June 2019

This paper develops a framework for measuring digital services in the face of ongoing innovations in the delivery of content to consumers. We capture what Brynjolfsson and Saunders (2009) call "free goods" as the capital services generated by connected consumers' stocks of IT digital goods; this service flow augments the existing measure of personal consumption in GDP. Its value is determined by the intensity with which households use their IT capital to consume content delivered over networks, and its volume depends on the quality of the IT capital. Consumers pay for delivery services, however, and the complementarity between device use and network use enables us to develop a quality-adjusted price measure for the access services already included in GDP. Our new estimates imply that accounting for innovations in consumer content delivery matters: The innovations boost consumer surplus by nearly $1,800 (2017 dollars) per connected user per year for the full period of this study (1987 to 2017) and contribute more than 1/2 percentage point to US real GDP growth during the last ten. All told, our more complete accounting of innovations is (conservatively) estimated to have moderated the post-2007 GDP growth slowdown by nearly .3 percentage points per year.