bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Social Media in Internal Communication Dynamics: A Qualitative Study of the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority (GCLA)
Authors: Omary Sylvester S. , Britto Rajendran J.
Published: June 2024

In an era marked by digital transformation, this study underscores the indispensable role of social media in organizational communication, particularly within the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority (GCLA) and beyond. It advocates for organizations to recognize and leverage the vast potential of social media for internal communication, emphasizing strategic integration. Anchored in Uses and Gratifications Theory, this research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews to unravel the complexities of social media's impact on communication at the GCLA. While the abstract provides a comprehensive overview, it acknowledges the study's limitations and underscores the need for a more robust quantitative approach to assess impact, enhancing its balance and guiding readers on the study's scope and limitations. The findings reveal a substantial integration of social media in the internal communication fabric, with task-oriented and relationship-oriented functionalities emerging as key drivers. This study advocates for responsible usage and clear policies to unlock the full benefits while also encouraging further exploration of the intricate relationships between social media and internal communication tailored to the unique contexts of our dynamic digital age. This structured triad ensures comprehensive exploration, revealing the interplay between social media and internal communication in the dynamic organizational milieu of the GCLA.
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Quantification of Impending Genotoxic Impurities in Dapson Drug Substances
Authors: Patel Haresh B. , Dave Rohit H. , Vadariya Sandip , Hirpara Hitin , Patel Trushar
Published: June 2024

The assessment of toxicological concentrations of possible genotoxic contaminants in drug substances was regarded as an important and challenging discipline . The International Conference and Harmonization (ICH) recommended that most pharmaceutical products be allowed to include 1.5 μg/day of a genotoxic contaminant.  The goal  study was to develop a quick and accurate HPLC method for measuring potential genotoxic impurities (PGIs) in Dapson drug substances. The chromatographic conditions were appropriately optimized with the Phosphate and Acetate buffer on C18 & C8 columns to achieve a decent separation and response of each impurities peak with the Dapsone. A C8 column has been used with Phosphate buffer with the linear gradient combination with Acetonitrile as mobile phase and multiple wavelengths used based on UV maxima of respective impurity. According to International conference of Harmonization (ICH) criteria for the quantification of each impurity, method validation for HPLC was carried out regarding specificity, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision, and solution stability. Three separate batches of Dapsone were successfully subjected to the desired procedures for the Genotoxic (GTI) determination and found not detected.  The corelation coefficient observed > 0.99 in linearity and 70% to 130% recovery observed in the accuracy during method validation hence method can be considered linear and accurate and can be used for testing of genotoxic impurity in Dapsone drug substances.
Development of Mechatronics-based Self-propelled Intra-Row Weeder
Authors: Lahre Jyoti , Satpathy S. K. , Sukdeve Bhavesh , Dwivedi Utkarsh , Komatineni Bharath Kumar
Published: June 2024

Background: This research presents a significant stride in precision agriculture, focusing on the development and field evaluation of a self-propelled intra-row weeder engineered using mechatronics and machine learning. The study was motivated by the need for labor-efficient and environmentally friendly weed control methods, as conventional techniques pose various challenges.
Methodology: The intra-row weeder, equipped with a crop detection and avoidance system, was developed using a sensor, servo motor, encoder, weeding tool, and a microprocessor (Arduino Uno). A crop detection and avoidance algorithm, based on the K-nearest neighbor machine learning tool, was developed and trained using a customized feature method. This facilitated the system’s ability to accurately distinguish between plants and crops, a distinction that was programmed based on object height. This approach proved effective under the various conditions.
Results: Field performance evaluation of the weeder was conducted at different forward speeds and plant-to-plant spacing. The results revealed strong correlations between operating parameters and responses such as plant damage, weeding efficiency, performance index, and field efficiency, with R² values ranging from 67.87% to 83.61%. Optimal performance was achieved at a forward speed of 2.5 km∙h-1 and plant spacing of 60 cm, yielding a field capacity of 0.041 ha.h-1 and field efficiency of 86.25%. This study, therefore, provides a less labor-intensive solution for weed management in precision agriculture, paving the way for future innovations in the sector.
Assessing Predictive Models for Tea Yield: A Statistical and Machine Learning Approach in Assam's Biswanath Chariali District
Authors: Deka Pal , Tanti Nabajit , Neog Prasanta
Published: June 2024

Climatic factors significantly impact Assam tea production. The tropical climate of Assam, characterized by high precipitation and temperatures up to 36°C during the monsoon, creates ideal conditions for tea cultivation, contributing to the region's unique malty flavor. Here, in this study an attempt has been made to bring a comparison among statistical and machine learning models in prediction of tea production and evaluate an optimal model among them. A time span of last 23 years data were collected from Biswanath College of Agriculture under Assam Agriculture University situated at Biswanath Chariali district. The study has found that mean absolute percentage error of random forest regression model is 6.49 percent followed by decision tree (7.3 percent) and linear regression model (7.5 percent). From the evaluation metrics, random forest algorithm fits well in comparison to decision tree and linear regression. This study could be generalized to comparison among more predictive machine learning models.
A Study on the Marketing Efficiency of Button Mushroom in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Koundal Ritika , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2024

The study was conducted on the marketing of button mushrooms in the Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the selection of primary and secondary market functionaries. Market functionaries were taken into study in order to collect information related to marketing cost, marketing margin, price spread, marketing efficiency, and the producer's share in the consumer's rupee. It was also used to identify the different marketing channels used in the marketing of mushrooms. All the details of the marketing process were figured out by using the data collected from the respondents and the market middlemen. Three categories of market channels were involved: channel I was producer to consumer, channel II was producer to retailer to wholesaler, and channel III was producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. In all three groups, channel I was more profitable. The study was conducted to identify the various problems faced by growers in the marketing of mushrooms. The study also revealed that the maximum number of growers sold their products through channel I, which was direct from growers to consumers. The maximum price received by mushroom growers in channel I was Rs. 9000 per quintal, followed by channel II at Rs. 8590 per quintal, and in channel III at Rs. 7500 per quintal.
The total marketing cost incurred in channel I was Rs. 1000 per quintal; in channel II, it was Rs. 2050 per quintal; and in channel III, it was Rs. 1220 per quintal. Producer’s share in consumer's rupee was obtained maximum in channel I, which was 90%, followed by channel II, which was 71.58%, and in channel III, it was 62.5%. Total marketing efficiency was 9.0 in channel I, 2.51 in channel II, and 1.66 in channel III.
Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc on Leaf Expanse, Dry Matter Accumulation and Its Correlation with Grain Yield in Wheat
Authors: Mishra Sudershan , Singh Tribhuwan , Kothari Munmun , Choudhary Mahendra , Guru Sudhir K
Published: June 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital staple crop essential for global food security, especially in developing countries. This study investigates the impact of foliar zinc (Zn) application on leaf expanse, dry matter accumulation, and their correlation with grain yield in wheat. Conducted over two cropping seasons (2019-20 and 2020-21) at the N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, India, the experiment used a split plot design with five Zn sulphate concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% ZnSO4·7H2O) and three spray frequencies (one, two, and three sprays). Results indicated that foliar Zn application significantly increased the Leaf Area Index (LAI), flag leaf length, and width. The highest LAI (4.69) was achieved with three sprays of 1702.5 ppm Zn, a 77% increase over the control. Similarly, flag leaf length and width increased by up to 42.8% and 41.5%, respectively. Zn application also enhanced dry matter accumulation, with the highest increase (50%) observed with two sprays of 2270 ppm Zn at maximum tillering. At the flowering stage, dry matter increased significantly, with the highest observed at one spray of 2270 ppm Zn. Grain yield improved significantly with Zn application, peaking at a 16.7% increase with 1702.5 ppm Zn. A positive correlation was found between Zn concentration, LAI, flag leaf dimensions, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield, indicating that foliar Zn application not only enhances grain yield directly but also improves overall plant growth characteristics. Future research should explore the long-term effects of foliar Zn application on soil health and nutrient cycling.
Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology: Enhancing Productivity and Sustainability in India : A Review
Authors: Kumar R. Krishna , Senthamizhkumaran V R , Alagendran S. , Chitra M. , Kumar K. Ramesh , Tyagi Tanu , Tyagi Anamish
Published: June 2024

Agricultural biotechnology has revolutionized farming practices in India, significantly enhancing productivity, sustainability, and socio-economic well-being. Here analyzes key advancements such as genetically modified (GM) crops, gene editing technologies, and biofertilizers, highlighting their impact on crop yields, pest and disease resistance, climate resilience, and environmental sustainability. The adoption of GM crops, particularly Bt cotton, has resulted in substantial yield improvements, reduced pesticide use, and increased farmer incomes, as evidenced by various case studies across different regions. Gene editing technologies like CRISPR offer precise genetic modifications, promising improvements in crop traits and resilience. Biofertilizers and biopesticides contribute to soil health and reduced chemical input use, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. The socio-economic benefits of biotechnology are evident in increased profitability for farmers, job creation in biotech sectors, and rural development through improved infrastructure and community-based initiatives. Challenges such as public perception, regulatory hurdles, and the need for robust training and capacity building remain. Addressing these challenges through transparent communication, updated regulatory frameworks, and continued investment in research and development is essential for realizing the full potential of agricultural biotechnology. The transformative impact of biotechnology on Indian agriculture, advocating for its integration into sustainable farming practices to ensure food security, environmental conservation, and economic growth. Biotechnological advancements, in India can enhance agricultural productivity, mitigate climate change impacts, and foster rural prosperity, ultimately contributing to the overall development of the agricultural sector.
Utilisation of Green Manures as Organic Substrates in Soilless Culture: A Review
Authors: N. Elakiya, , Ragupathi K.P.
Published: June 2024

Green manuring with inclusion of legumes is the most feasible option to fix atmospheric nitrogen up to 80-100 kg of nitrogen in 45-60 days. They are easily decomposable improving soil organic carbon, nutrient availability, physicochemical and biological properties of soil, and crop productivity and hence can be used as a substrate in the form of dry powder in soilless culture. The scope of utilizing organic materials for crop production remains viable in recent years particularly in containerized crop production. Soilless culture as a crop production system could solve global issues such as the shortage of water, environmental pollution and instability of ecological system in various ways providing optimum environmental medium for crop growth in order to gain maximum yield and high quality products. Henceforth, less land area is required for agriculture production system resulting in increased land productivity. With this background, this review projects to maximize the utilization of the properties of green manures as an alternative grow-media substrate in the emerging soilless cultivation system.
Antibiotics Resistance Pattern and Molecular Detection of ESBL Genes in E. coli from both Surface and Underground Water used for Domestic Purposes in Selected Locations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abigail Ajongbolo Olayinka , Adebambo Morakinyo Abraham , Gambo Ezekiel Dauda , Ibrahim Adamu Muhammad , Ntasin Paul Yiran , T. Opajobi, Imoleayo , Baba Ibrahim Mohammed , Abubakar Umar , Ishaku Nenchin Mulime
Published: June 2024

Water quality and human health have been strongly related to each other as water acts as a medium for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms particularly Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. This study aims at assessing physicochemical parameters, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and molecular detection of the ESBL gene in isolated E. coli from surface and underground water sources in three selected local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in some selected three local governments and analyzed for physicochemical properties, isolation and characterization of E. coli, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, phenotypic expression of ESBLs E. coli, and molecular detection of the ESBL gene using the standard method. The physicochemical analysis results showed that hardness mean value ranged from 29.467±0.233 to 2.133±0.318, acidity has the highest mean value of 7.533±0.120, alkalinity mean value range from 31.333±0.186 to 6.167±0.176, conductivity has the highest mean value of 1.774±0.002, total suspended solids (TSS) mean value range from 141.427±0.015 to 0.821±0.003, dissolved oxygen (DO) has the highest mean value of 5.840±0.089, pH mean value range from 6.460±0.54 to 3.963±0.133, and temperature has the highest mean value of 27.200±0.153. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern results reveal that all 12 (100%) ESBL E. coli strains exhibited resistance to nalidixic acid, ampiclox, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and augmentin, while cefexime (91.67%), cefepime (83.33%), gentamicin (75.0%), imipenem (75.0%), levofloxacin (66.67%), ofloxacin (58.33%), and nitrofurantoin (58.33%) had the above resistance rates. Molecular analysis results revealed the presence of ESBL genes in all tested E. coli isolates, and the percentages of occurrence were blaNDM (83.33%), blaTEM (75%), blaCTX-M (66.67%), and blaOXA (50%). blaIMP and blaSHV. (16.67%), while blaVIM and blaKPC were not detected.  The findings of this study revealed that there is a need for improved water quality monitoring and public health interventions to mitigate the risks associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources.
Study on the Introduction of a Simple Decontamination System at Fire Sites
Authors: Kim Yong Jung , Chae Jin
Published: June 2024

This study aims to minimize pollution and secondary damage caused by hazardous substances at fire sites. To this end, researchers reproduced a fire experiment to analyze the hazardous chemicals remaining in the dispatched firefighting vehicles and heavy metals remaining in personal protective equipment, with a focus on whether decontamination was carried out. They evaluated the need for simple primary decontamination at the fire site and proposed the introduction of a simple decontamination system suitable for the field. The findings of this study suggest several recommendations. First, fire stations should provide a dedicated space for decontamination. Second, decontamination equipment capable of cleaning using hot water must be developed and integrated into fire pump vehicles. Third, for large-scale fires (Level 1 or higher), a decontamination vehicle must be dispatched and operated at the fire site.
Study on the Improvement of Fire Safety Standards Related to Domestic Railway Vehicle
Authors: Oh Dae-Gun , Choi DonMook
Published: June 2024

This study proposes the enhancement of fire safety standards by analyzing issues within the current domestic railway vehicle fire test standards. Overseas railway vehicle operators are requesting the application of more stringent European fire test standards that domestic railway vehicles currently do not satisfy. To address this discrepancy and ensure that domestic railway fire safety standards are robust and in alignment with international requirements, this study analyzes the shortcomings of the existing fire test standards and proposes specific improvements.
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation at Neutral pH by a Nanostructured Co(PO3)2 Anode
Authors: Ahn Hyun S. , Tilley T. Don
Published: August 2012

Cobalt metaphosphate Co(PO3)2 nanoparticles are prepared via the thermolytic molecular precursor (TMP) method. A Ni form electrode decorated with Co(PO3)2 nanoparticles is evaluated as an anode for water oxidation electrocatalysis in pH 6.4 phosphate‐buffered water. Catalytic onset occurs at an overpotential of ca. 310 mV, which is 100 mV lower than that observed for Co3O4 nanoparticles, with a comparable surface area under identical conditions. A per‐metal turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.10–0.21 s−1 is observed at an overpotential, η, of 440 mV, which is comparable to the highest rate reported for a first‐row metal heterogeneous catalyst. Post‐catalytic characterization of the catalyst resting state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy reveals that surface rearrangement occurs, resulting in an oxide‐like surface overlayer.
Fate of Intravenously Administered Gold Nanoparticles in Hair Follicles: Follicular Delivery, Pharmacokinetic Interpretation, and Excretion
Authors: Kempson Ivan M. , Chien Chia‐Chi , Chung Chao‐Yu , Hwu Yeukuang , Paterson David , de Jonge Martin D. , Howard Daryl L.
Published: August 2012

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are intravenously administered to mice. Deposition at the pilosebacious unit and whiskers is visualized with X‐ray fluorescence after 30 minutes and 14 days. After 30 minutes the dermal papilla, bulge region, and root sheath all contain NPs. GNPs are driven externally out from follicles, counteractive to transfollicular delivery. After 14 days, gold bands in hairs reflect pharmacokinetic profiles indicating blood concentration kinetics. Elimination rate constants infer half‐lives from 3 hairs from an individual mouse within reasonable agreement (6.08, 7.15, and 8.66 hours). 3D reconstruction of NP distributions with confocal microscopy identifies aggregates within the medullary canal. Intermittent NP deposition continues randomly over the two week period demonstrating prolonged NP mobility in vivo. NPs are still retained at the hair bulb after 14 days. The observations further account for the excretory mechanisms of NPs and their behavior in the pilosebacous unit, and demonstrate monitoring pharmacokinetic behavior in individual animals.
Graphene: An Emerging Electronic Material
Authors: Weiss Nathan O. , Zhou Hailong , Liao Lei , Liu Yuan , Jiang Shan , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: August 2012

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, offers a number of fundamentally superior qualities that make it a promising material for a wide range of applications, particularly in electronic devices. Its unique form factor and exceptional physical properties have the potential to enable an entirely new generation of technologies beyond the limits of conventional materials. The extraordinarily high carrier mobility and saturation velocity can enable a fast switching speed for radio‐frequency analog circuits. Unadulterated graphene is a semi‐metal, incapable of a true off‐state, which typically precludes its applications in digital logic electronics without bandgap engineering. The versatility of graphene‐based devices goes beyond conventional transistor circuits and includes flexible and transparent electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, electromechanical systems, and energy technologies. Many challenges remain before this relatively new material becomes commercially viable, but laboratory prototypes have already shown the numerous advantages and novel functionality that graphene provides.
Predictors of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: The Hopkins Lupus Cohort
Authors: Petri Michelle , Purvey Sneha , Fang Hong , Magder Laurence S.
Published: August 2012

Objective

The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index (SDI) is the accepted measure of permanent organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We analyzed data from a large SLE cohort to identify variables associated with rates of damage accrual as measured by the SDI.

Methods

The study included 2,054 SLE patients (92% female, 56% white, and 37% African American) with a mean age at diagnosis of 33 years. The SDI score was calculated retrospectively at the time of cohort entry and prospectively during followup. The relationships between time‐invariant patient characteristics and rates of damage accrual were assessed based on the damage score at the last available followup visit. The relationships between time‐varying patient characteristics and damage accrual were assessed based on the timing of damage accrual during cohort participation.

Results

Overall, the SDI score increased at a rate of 0.13 per year. Higher rates of damage were observed for those who were older, male, or African American, had a lower income or education level, were hypertensive, were positive for lupus anticoagulant, or had proteinuria. During followup, the risk of damage was higher for those who were older, had more disease activity, had low complement levels, were positive for anti–double‐stranded DNA, satisfied more ACR criteria for SLE, or were receiving corticosteroids. Lower risk was observed among patients receiving hydroxychloroquine. After adjustment for other variables, age, hypertension, and corticosteroid use emerged as the most important predictors of damage accrual.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that rates of damage vary in demographic subgroups, but much variation appears to be explained by hypertension and corticosteroid use. These data clearly point to the need for tight control of disease activity without reliance on corticosteroids.
Comparison of long‐term clinical outcome with etanercept treatment and adalimumab treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with respect to immunogenicity
Authors: Krieckaert Charlotte L. , Jamnitski Anna , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Kostense Piet J. , Boers Maarten , Wolbink Gertjan
Published: August 2012

Objective

To compare rates of sustained low and minimal disease activity and remission according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria during 3‐year followup in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with etanercept and adalimumab in routine care.

Methods

Four hundred seven RA patients previously unexposed to tumor necrosis factor antagonists were treated with etanercept (n = 203) or adalimumab (n = 204) and assessed at 3‐ and later 6‐month intervals. Treatment allocation was at the discretion of the treating rheumatologist. Clinical parameters were measured at each time point, as were anti‐adalimumab antibodies in adalimumab‐treated patients. Achievement of clinical outcome was defined as the occurrence of sustained (at least 12 consecutive months) low disease activity (28‐joint Disease Activity Score [DAS28] <3.2), minimal disease activity (DAS28 <2.6), or ACR/EULAR remission based on the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). Non‐overlapping response rates were calculated.

Results

Among the adalimumab group, 13% reached sustained low disease activity but not sustained minimal disease activity, 15% reached sustained minimal disease activity but not sustained remission according to the SDAI, and 16% reached sustained ACR/EULAR remission. In the etanercept group the corresponding rates were 16%, 11%, and 12%, respectively (P = 0.42, overall test for linear trend). Adalimumab‐treated patients without anti‐adalimumab antibodies (n = 150 [74%]) had the best outcomes, and adalimumab‐treated patients with anti‐adalimumab antibodies the worst, with outcomes in etanercept‐treated patients in between (P < 0.0001). Differences were most apparent in the sustained SDAI remission and sustained minimal disease activity categories. For example, 40% of anti‐adalimumab antibody–negative patients, 23% of etanercept‐treated patients, and 4% of anti‐adalimumab antibody–positive patients achieved at least sustained minimal disease activity.

Conclusion

Overall, etanercept and adalimumab treatment appear similar in inducing a good long‐term clinical outcome. However, in the case of adalimumab this is strongly dependent on the presence or absence of anti‐adalimumab antibodies.
Alterations in resting‐state regional cerebral blood flow demonstrate ongoing pain in osteoarthritis: An arterial spin‐labeled magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Howard Matthew A. , Sanders Duncan , Krause Kristina , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Fotopoulou Aikaterini , Zelaya Fernando , Thacker Michael , Massat Nathalie , Huggins John P. , Vennart William , Choy Ernest , Daniels Maxine , Williams Steven C. R.
Published: August 2012

Objective

Increasing evidence suggests a central nervous system (CNS) component underpinning persistent pain disease states. This study was undertaken to determine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes representing ongoing pain experienced by patients with painful osteoarthritis (OA) of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and to examine rCBF variability across sessions. We used pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), a perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.

Methods

The study included 16 patients with CMC OA and 17 matched controls. Two pCASL scans and numerical rating scale (NRS) estimates of ongoing pain were acquired in each of two identical sessions. Voxelwise general linear model analyses were performed to determine rCBF differences between OA and control groups, rCBF differences between sessions within each group, and whether sessionwise rCBF differences were related to variability in perceived ongoing pain.

Results

In the OA group, rCBF increases representing ongoing pain were identified in the primary and secondary somatosensory, insula, and cingulate cortices; thalamus; amygdala; hippocampus; and dorsal midbrain/pontine tegmentum, including the periaqueductal gray/nucleus cuneiformis. Sessionwise rCBF differences in the OA group in the postcentral, rostral/subgenual cingulate, mid/anterior insula, prefrontal, and premotor cortices were related to changes in perceived ongoing pain. No significant sessionwise rCBF differences were observed in controls.

Conclusion

This is the first quantitative endogenous perfusion MRI study of the cerebral representation of ongoing, persistent pain due to OA. Observed rCBF changes potentially indicate dysregulated CNS appraisal and modulation of pain, most likely the maladaptive neuroplastic sequelae of living with painful OA. Understanding the neural basis of ongoing pain is likely to be important in developing novel treatment strategies.
Moderating effects of governance on information infrastructure and e‐government development
Authors: Krishnan Satish , Teo Thompson S.H.
Published: August 2012

Drawing from the resource complementarity perspective of the resource‐based view of a firm, this study examines the complementary role of governance dimensions—namely, voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption—on the relationship between information infrastructure in a country and its e‐government development. Based on publicly available archival data from 178 countries, our results provide support for the hypothesized model. Specifically, whereas political stability, government effectiveness, and rule of law moderated the relationship of information infrastructure with e‐government development in a positive direction, voice and accountability and control of corruption moderated the relationship negatively. Further, the relationship between information infrastructure and e‐government development was not contingent on regulatory quality. Our findings contribute to the theoretical discourse on e‐government development by highlighting the complementary role of governance and provide suggestions for practice in managing e‐government development by enhancing governance, thereby leveraging the effect of information infrastructure on e‐government development.
Information sharing and trust during major incidents: Findings from the oil industry
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim Nurain , Allen David
Published: August 2012

Communication and information sharing during the response to a major incident on oil rigs have been identified as significantly influencing capability to control, manage, and limit the effect of the incident. This article reports on one of the few studies of information sharing during such incidents. Interviews drawing on the critical incident technique were conducted with offshore emergency responders and supplemented by internal organizational reports and observations of emergency response exercises. We propose a counterintuitive relationship between trust and information sharing. We argue that better information sharing plays a crucial role in instilling or enhancing trust and that in the time‐bound, uncertain, and highly volatile context of offshore emergency response, if trust collapses, then it must be rebuilt swiftly and this can be done through more effective information sharing. We explore this argument using the activity theory concept of contradictions and argue that apparent contradictions in the activity system and the behavior of emergency responders should be analyzed and interpreted by taking into account crucial contextual characteristics. The article draws on further support from relevant literature, including that of the information science, organization, and communication fields.
Reactions of Propargyl Compounds Containing a Cyclobutyl Group Induced by a Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Wang Yung‐Ching , Lin Ying‐Chih , Liu Yi‐Hung
Published: August 2012

Reactions of [Ru]Cl ([Ru]={Cp(PPh3)2Ru}; Cp=cyclopentadienyl) with three alkynyl compounds, 1, 5, and 8, each containing a cyclobutyl group, are explored. For 1, the reaction gives the vinylidene complex 2, with a cyclobutylidene group, through dehydration at CδH and CγOH. With an additional methylene group, compound 5 reacts with [Ru]Cl to afford the cyclic oxacarbene complex 6. The reaction proceeds via a vinylidene intermediate followed by an intramolecular cyclization reaction through nucleophilic addition of the hydroxy group onto Cα of the vinylidene ligand. Deprotonation of 2 with NaOMe produces the acetylide complex 3 and alkylations of 3 by allyl iodide, methyl iodide, and ethyl iodoacetate generate 4 a–c, respectively, each with a stable cyclobutyl group. Dehydration of 1 is catalyzed by the cationic ruthenium acetonitrile complex at 70 °C to form the 1,3‐enyne 7. The epoxidation reaction of the double bond of 7 yields oxirane 8. Ring expansion of the cyclobutyl group of 8 is readily induced by the acidic salt NH4PF6 to afford the 2‐ethynyl‐substituted cyclopentanone 9. The same ring expansion is also seen in the reaction of [Ru]Cl with 8 in CH2Cl2, affording the vinylidene complex 10, which can also be obtained from 9 and [Ru]Cl. However, in MeOH, the same reaction of [Ru]Cl with 8 affords the bicyclic oxacarbene complex 12 a through an additional cyclization reaction. Transformation of 10 into 12 a is readily achieved in MeOH/HBF4, but, in MeOH alone, acetylide complex 11 is produced from 10. In the absence of MeOH, cyclization of 10, induced by HBF4, is followed by fluorination to afford complex 13. Crystal structures of 6 and 12 a′ were determined by single‐crystal diffraction analysis.
Reliable Dissipative Control for Singular Markovian Systems
Authors: Feng Zhiguang , Lam James
Published: August 2012

In this paper, the problem of reliable dissipative control is investigated for a continuous‐time singular Markovian system with actuator failure. First, a sufficient condition is established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees a singular Markovian system to be stochastically admissible and strictly (Q,S,R)‐dissipative. Based on this criterion, a state feedback controller design method is given in terms of strict LMIs. Moreover, the dissipative control results include the results of H
∞ control and passive control as special cases. The effectiveness of the controller designed method in this paper is illustrated by a numerical example.
Age of onset and effect size in genome‐wide association studies
Authors: Agopian A.J. , Eastcott Lisa M. , Mitchell Laura E.
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many susceptibility loci for complex traits, but have not identified the majority of the genetic contribution to common diseases. We explored whether the magnitude of associations detected in GWAS and, therefore, the likelihood of detecting a significant association for a given sample size, is generally greater for childhood‐onset traits (e.g., birth defects) than for traits with onset in adulthood.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the National Human Genome Research Institute Catalog of Published GWAS. Traits were categorized as having an average age of onset in childhood (<18 years, n = 15 traits), early adulthood (18–54 years, n = 32 traits), or late adulthood (≥55 years, n = 31 traits). The relationship between age of onset category and the magnitude of significant associations detected by GWAS was assessed using logistic regression.

RESULTS

Associations characterized by an odds ratio (OR) ≥ 1.5 were significantly more common for GWAS of childhood traits than for late adulthood‐onset traits after adjustment for several covariates (adjusted OR, 2.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–4.73). Results in subgroup analyses using more stringent inclusion criteria (based on sample size, effect size, p value threshold for inclusion, and novel variant‐trait associations) were similar.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that, on average, marker‐trait associations detected in GWAS for traits with young onset may have a larger magnitude of effect than those for traits with adult onset. Therefore, GWAS for young‐onset traits, such as birth defects, may be more likely than those for adult‐onset traits to identify major genetic risk factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of osteogenesis by the canonical Wnt and BMP pathways in vivo
Authors: Marcellini Sylvain , Henriquez Juan Pablo , Bertin Ariana
Published: August 2012

Although many regulators of skeletogenesis have been functionally characterized, one current challenge is to integrate this information into regulatory networks. Here, we discuss how the canonical Wnt and Smad‐dependent BMP pathways interact together and play antagonistic or cooperative roles at different steps of osteogenesis, in the context of the developing vertebrate embryo. Early on, BMP signaling specifies multipotent mesenchymal cells into osteochondroprogenitors. In turn, the function of Wnt signaling is to drive these osteochondroprogenitors towards an osteoblastic fate. Subsequently, both pathways promote osteoblast differentiation, albeit with notable mechanistic differences. In osteocytes, the ultimate stage of osteogenic differentiation, the Wnt and BMP pathways exert opposite effects on the control of bone resorption by osteoclasts. We describe how the dynamic molecular wiring of the canonical Wnt and Smad‐dependent BMP signaling into the skeletal cell genetic programme is critical for the generation of bone‐specific cell types during development.
THE EFFECTS OF RESPONSE INTERRUPTION AND REDIRECTION (RIRD) AND DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT ON VOCAL STEREOTYPY AND APPROPRIATE VOCALIZATIONS
Authors: Dickman Sarah E. , Bright Candice N. , Montgomery Dawn H. , Miguel Caio F.
Published: August 2012

The relation between contextually appropriate vocalizations (AV) and vocal stereotypy (VS) has yet to be established within the response interruption and redirection (RIRD) literature. RIRD may promote AV by suppressing VS and/or by functioning as incompatible responses. The occurrence of VS and AV was assessed during baseline, RIRD alone, and RIRD combined with a differential reinforcement system for AV (RIRD + DRI) for a 5‐year‐old child with autism. Results showed an increase in AV once RIRD was implemented and further increases in AV and decreases in stereotypy when the token system of reinforcement for AV was implemented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface anatomy of the pulmonary fissures determined by high‐resolution computed tomography
Authors: Heřmanová Zuzana , Čtvrtlík Filip , Heřman Miroslav
Published: August 2012

The aim of our study was to describe the surface anatomy of the interlobar fissures using volumetric thin‐section high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Retrospective assessment of HRCT examinations of 250 patients was performed. The localization of the oblique fissures was marked at three sites: posteriorly at its most superior medial limit, laterally in the midaxillary line, and inferiorly at the junction of the middle and lateral thirds of the hemithorax; posteriorly and laterally, this was to the nearest rib whilst inferiorly the position was described in relation to the diaphragm or chest wall. The localization of the horizontal fissure was marked anteriorly in relation to the nearest rib (or costal cartilage) and posteriorly where it intersected with the oblique fissure (superior, middle, or inferior third). Shapes of the fissures and differences between inspiration and expiration were also documented. Descriptive statistics were used to report the most frequent positions. The most frequent localization of the oblique fissure on the left side was posteriorly at the fourth rib (45%), laterally at the sixth rib (52%), and inferiorly in the anterior third of the hemidiaphragm (60%). The right oblique fissure was located posteriorly at the fifth rib (50%), laterally at the sixth rib (50%), and inferiorly in the anterior third of the hemidiaphragm (71%). The horizontal fissure most commonly originated in the middle third of the oblique fissure (61%) and met the anterior thoracic wall at the level of the fourth rib (51%). The most frequent shape of the left oblique fissure was linear (78%), whereas S‐shaped and linear configurations (28% each) were most frequent on the right. No difference was found in the surface markings of the fissures between inspiration and expiration in 90% of cases. The considerable individual variation in the position and shape of the interlobar fissures helps to explain the variable descriptions of their surface anatomy in the literature. Clin. Anat. 25:835–843, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence to support that adventitial cysts, analogous to intraneural ganglion cysts, are also joint‐connected
Authors: Spinner Robert J. , Desy Nicholas M. , Agarwal Gautum , Pawlina Wojciech , Kalra Manju , Amrami Kimberly K.
Published: August 2012

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare condition in which cyst is found within a vessel, typically producing symptoms of vascular compromise. Most commonly located in the popliteal artery near the knee, it has been reported in arteries and veins throughout the body. Its pathogenesis has been poorly understood and various surgical approaches have been recommended. We extrapolated some recent information about a similar condition, intraneural ganglion cyst affecting the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve, to the prototype, CAD of the popliteal artery. In intraneural ganglion cysts affecting the deep fibular nerve we have shown that an articular (neural) branch is the conduit between the superior tibiofibular joint and the main parent nerve for which epineurial dissection of joint fluid can occur. We hypothesized that the same principles would apply to CAD and that an articular (vascular) branch would be the conduit from the knee joint leading to dissection to the main parent vessel. We reviewed five patients with CAD of the popliteal artery in whom MRIs were available: two treated by the primary author well familiar with the proposed articular theory, and three treated by others at our institution, less familiar with it. We then reviewed the literature critically to assess for additional evidence to support our articular (synovial) theory and an anatomic explanation. In the two cases treated by the primary author a joint connection was identified on high resolution MRI prospectively and intraoperatively through the middle genicular artery (MGA); postoperatively in these cases there was no recurrence. In the other three cases, a joint connection was not identified on imaging or at operation. Reinterpretation of these cases revealed a joint connection through the MGA in the one patient who had preoperative imaging and subclinical persistence/recurrence in the two patients who underwent postoperative MRIs done for other reasons. Our review of the literature and imaging studies revealed unrecognized joint connections in CAD to the knee and other joints as well as evidence that the MGA is the conduit in cases of CAD of the popliteal artery. We believe that adventitial cysts originate in neighboring joints and dissect within articular (vascular) branches. In our opinion, the unifying articular theory and the principles introduced for intraneural ganglion cysts apply equally to common and rare sites of adventitial cysts. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Benefits and Challenges of Training Child Protection Social Workers in Father Engagement
Authors: Maxwell Nina , Scourfield Jonathan , Holland Sally , Featherstone Brid , Lee Jacquie
Published: August 2012

It is widely recognised that, in a child protection context, practitioners tend to focus on working with mothers more than fathers. This may undermine risk management and limit the resources available for the care of children. This paper discusses the process of developing and running a training intervention for child protection social workers, designed to improve father engagement (with ‘fathers’ defined inclusively). A short course was provided, consisting of one day of awareness‐raising about the importance of work with fathers and one day of motivational interviewing skills training. The emphasis in the paper is on insights from the qualitative elements of the mixed‐method process evaluation, namely, observation and pre‐ and post‐course interviews. In particular, there is discussion of the potential benefits and challenges of this kind of training, with consideration given to the general issue of father engagement and more specifically the potential for using motivational interviewing in child protection practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

‘The process of developing and running a training intervention for child protection social workers’

Key Practitioner Messages

The pilot of the Cardiff University Fathers and Child Protection course resulted in improved engagement of fathers, according to social workers self‐report.

Motivational interviewing has potential for developing practitioners' skills in working with fathers when children are at risk.

There are some inherent challenges in attempting to improve the engagement of fathers in a child protection context.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Alkali‐Metal—Gold—Gallium Systems. Ternary Tunnel Structures and Some Problems with Poorly Ordered Cations.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Miller Gordon J. , Corbett John D.
Published: August 2012

Six new compounds, Na0.56Au2Ga2 (I), Rb0.56Au2Ga2 (II), Cs0.54Au2Ga2 (III), RbAu3Ga2 (IV), CsAu3Ga2 (V), and Na13Au41.2Ga30.3 (VI) are synthesized from the elements (Ta tubes, 500 °C for 12 h and 350 °C for 48—96 h) and characterized by single crystal XRD and TB‐LMTO‐ASA calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced High‐Temperature Thermoelectric Performance of Yb14‐xCaxMnSb11.
Authors: Uvarov Catherine A. , Ortega‐Alvarez Francisco , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: August 2012

Crystals of Yb14‐xCaxMnSb11 (x = 2, 4, 6, 8) solid solutions are prepared by reaction of the elements in a Sn flux (excess Mn, alumina crucible sealed in a quartz tube, 1000 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Valence Uranium Germanate and Silicate: Csx(UVO)(UIV/VO)2 (Ge2O7)2 (x = 3.18) and Cs4(UVO)(UIV/VO)2 (Si2O7)2.
Authors: Chen Chun‐Liang , Nguyen Quang Bac , Chen Chih‐Shan , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: August 2012

Cs3.18(U3O3) (Ge2O7)2 (I) is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of UO3, Cs(OH), GeO2, and Al in a molar ratio of Cs:U:Ge:Al = 10:1:8:0.5 (autoclave, 165 MPa, 600 °C, 2 d, 62% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Proline Derivatives as Recoverable Catalysts for the Large‐Scale Stoichiometric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Li Shi , Wu Chuanlong , Long Xiaoqin , Fu Xiangkai , Chen Guodong , Liu Zhijian
Published: August 2012

The catalyst can be recovered from the aqueous phase and used in seven runs with only a slight loss in enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Quaternary Ammonium Salts as New Additives in the Enantioselective Organocatalytic β‐Benzylation of Enals.
Authors: Duce Sara , Mateo Alvaro , Alonso Ines , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Cid M. Belen
Published: August 2012

The ammonium salt supports the formation and stabilization of the iminium intermediate and, additionally, activates the nucleophile as an enolate.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photocatalysis of Intramolecular Radical Cation Diels—Alder Cycloadditions.
Authors: Lin Shishi , Padilla Christian E. , Ischay Michael A. , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: August 2012

Activation by irradiation with a 23W household light bulb offers an operationally simple method to construct polycyclic frameworks via intramolecular Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Acid Catalysis on the Direct Electrophilic Fluorination of Ketones, Ketals, and Enamides Using Selectfluor.
Authors: Batey Robert A. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2012

The halogenation of ketals and ketones is selectively achieved at the α‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Approach to β‐Heteroarylated (C—N Bond) Ketones from Cs2CO3 Promoted Reaction Between Propargyl Alcohols and Nitrogen‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Bhanuchandra M. , Kuram Malleswara Rao , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: August 2012

Base‐induced redox‐isomerization of easily accessible propargyl alcohols followed by conjugate addition of NH heteroarenes gives a series of β‐heteroarylated ketones in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxacyclic Dienes via Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis: Difference in Construction of Eight‐Membered Rings.
Authors: Zhang Lin‐Lin , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Ren Xiang , Tan Xin‐Yan , Lu Xiao‐Bing
Published: August 2012

The process can be applied to the construction of oxacyclic dienes with different ring size and extended to the preparation of eight‐membered N‐heterocycles.