bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Syndrome among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Priyanka , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh , Malla Om Krishna
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Computers and digital electronic devices have become an integral part of life. These devices have adverse effects and nowadays are considered leading occupational hazards. Computer vision syndrome comprises of all the ocular, visual and musculoskeletal symptoms secondary to long term computer use. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among people attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology in the tertiary care center in Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 70 patients in a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to June 2017 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee (Ref: 12042017). Convenient sampling method was applied and the point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Patients using computers for more than one hour were included in the study. All data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 20.

Results: Among 70 patients, 67 (95.7%) (87.9-99.1 at 95% confidence interval) had one or more symptoms on computer use. The mean duration of computer use was 7.5±5.4 years and average hours of computer use among computer users were 6.9±3 hours. The most common symptom among computer users was headache seen in 46 (62.2%) patients.

Conclusions: Our study showed that a significant number of people using a computer develop one or more symptoms on the long-term use of the computer. Therefore, it is very important to create awareness regarding computer vision syndrome and methods to prevent it among computer users.
My E-learning Experience as a Medical Student during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karki Pearlbiga
Published: November 2020

N/A
A Child Lost to Follow Up Carrying Beta Thalassemia Major: A Case Report
Authors: Banjade Prakash , Bhandari Jeetendra
Published: November 2020

Thalassemia is inherited autosomal recessive disorders characterized by reduced rate of hemoglobinsynthesis due to a defect in alpha or beta globin chain synthesis. Maldives has a beta thalassemiaprevalence rate of 16–18%. Classical symptoms of beta thalassemia are common on those patientswho present late for blood transfusion which is common among the south Asian countries due toresource poor situation. This case is a rare case report of commonly occurring phenomenon whichhas been reported less among south Asian region. Reporting this case will help health worker tomanage cases accordingly. A five and half year prior diagnosed case of beta thalassemia at ageof 2 years and lost to follow up presented with cough, Dyspnoea, Irritability, fatigue with classicsymptom of beta thalassemia. She was managed with blood transfusion and kept on continuousfollow up for transfusion and iron overload management.
Delivery of Surgical Services in the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Era
Authors: Shrestha Badri Man
Published: November 2020

Not applicable
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in the Patient with Cleft Lip and Palate Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pradhan Leeza , Shakya Pramila , Thapa Swosti , Nakarmi Kiran Kishor , Maharjan Anjana , Agrawal Sagtani Reshu , Rai Shankar Man
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dental anomaly is one of the major problems in a child born with cleft lip and palate. These anomalies have deleterious effects on the dentition leading to aesthetic problems, impairment of mastication andimproper phonation. The aim of our study was to find out the prevalence of dental anomalies in patient with cleft lip and/or palate radiographically.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from the 208 radiographs, collected by the convenience samplingtechnique with cleft lip and/or palate in Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nepal Cleft and Burn Centre, Kirtipur Hospital from January 2017 to July 2019.Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from Institutional Review Committee. Demographic data were collected and radiographs were evaluated for possible dental anomalies. Data obtained were entered and analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.

Results: Dental anomalies were highly prevalent among cleft lip and palate patients with at least one anomaly present in 188 (90.4%) of patients with male 120 (57.4%) presenting more anomalies than female 88 (42.6%) population. The most common anomaly was dental agenesis 161 (77.9%). The prevalence of positional anomaly, morphological anomaly and supernumerary teeth were found to be 54 (26%), 33 (15.9%) and 20 (10%) respectively. Lateral incisor showed the highest incidence of agenesis among all other missing teeth 223 (65.2%).

Conclusions: The prevalence of dental anomalies among patients with cleft lip and/or palate was found to be high. Tooth agenesis was the most common anomaly observed in the study with lateral incisor having the highest incidence of agenesis.
Pregnancy with Complete Heart Block-An Emergency Cesarean Section with Temporary Pacemaker: A Case Report
Authors: Das Anamika , Pritha  Basnet  , Ramesh Shrestha  , Abha Hada  , Bidhur  Bhandari
Published: November 2020

Management of a pregnant woman with complete heart block presenting during pregnancy and without pacing remains debatable. To bear up against any hemodynamic variations in peripartum period, temporary pacemakers have been advocated by some authors. Herein, we report a case of successful management of a 24 year old, pregnant woman with CHB who had an uneventful emergency caesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia after temporary pacing. She was an unbooked patient detected with CHB first time during active stage of labour. She delivered a healthy male baby and was discharged from the hospital in a stable and satisfactory condition on seventh postoperative day.
Multiple Acquired Elastotic Hemangioma in a Single Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kharel Pramisha , Chen Jia , Chapagain Pukar , Panth Himal
Published: November 2020

Acquired elastotic hemangioma is a hemangioma variant which was first described in 2002. Usually it is characterized by being a benign, solitary, slow growing lesion and associated with solar exposure but here we discuss a case of 50 years old male from Australia, who had multiple pigmented and violaceous lesions on the back which he had noticed for 5 years. The cases of multiple lesions are reported few in the literature. The lesions had characteristic clinical dermatoscopic feature showing typical violaceous lesions with widespread shiny white structure without any vessels. Histopathology revealed band like proliferation of blood vessels involving superficial dermis arranged horizontally parallel to the epidermisalong with elastosis in dermis. Treatment was done through surgical excision with no relapse reported.
Distress Screening among Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Paudel Bishal , Paudel Bishnu Dutta , Mishra Rupesh , Karki Onika , Shahi Rukmini , Poudyal Bishesh Sharma
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Distress is a major concern during diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. The Distress Thermometer is a commonly used screening tool to detect distress. The objectives of this study was to know the prevalence and identify distress score among patients with hematological malignancies in Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Hematology Unit of Civil Service Hospital after obtaining an ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number 931/076/077). A convenient sampling technique was used for this study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 was used. All patients within one week of diagnosis and before the start of definitive treatment of hematological malignancies were included in the study. National Comprehensive Cancer Network Psychosocial Distress Screening Tool was used to measure the seriousness of distress.

Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study, among them 56 (56%) were male and 44 (44%) were female. The mean distress score in our study was found to be 5.68±1.75. Mean distress score among male and female patients were 5.84±1.65 and 5.48±1.86 respectively. Thirty three percentage (n=33) of patient had mild distress whereas, sixty six percentage (n=67) of patients experienced moderate to severe distress.

Conclusions: There was a significant level of distress among the patients with hematological malignancies in Nepal. Therefore, distress screening should be done to all the patients when initial diagnosis is made.
Prevalence of Psychoactive Drug Use among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jyoti Tara Manandhar , Tiwari Saurabh , Kushwaha Dilip Kumar , Bhattarai Pratigya , Raj Risu
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Psychoactive drug is a worrisome and emerging global problem. This is a disturbing matter, especially in the case of medical students, as it affects not only their health and academic performance alone but their clinical efficiency as well. This study aims to determine the prevalence of psychoactive drug use among medical students in a medical college in Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after receiving ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 258/19) among undergraduate medical students from December 2019 to June 2020. Convenience sampling was used to collect data. Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

Results: The prevalence of psychoactive drug abuse was found to be 76 (44.2%) [CI= 43.6%–44.8%]. The study showed males 59 (59%) were more indulged in abuse than females 17 (23.6%). Alcohol 72 (41.86%) was the most commonly used, then was tobacco 24 (13.95%) followed by cannabis 17(9.88%). Only two students were sedative and opioid abusers. Pleasure 38 (31.70%) and experimentation 29 (24.20%) were the two major causes of substance abuse. Tobacco was used more frequently 14 (58.33%) used daily and found to have more financialand health-related issues in the last three months.

Conclusions: Even almost half of the students were using some form of psychoactive drugs, the majority of them were occasional users. Proper counseling needs to be done to address this problem. Further study should be conducted to address the influencing factors and adverse outcomes.
Understanding Global Health: An Experience from International Professional Exchange Program
Authors: Thapa Bibechan
Published: November 2020

N/A
Tectonic Graft for Persistent Leakage and Visual Outcome After Corneal Perforation Repair: A Case Series
Authors: Rana Rachana , Bajracharya Leena , Gurung Reeta
Published: November 2020

Keratoplasty is a modality of treatment for large and leaking corneal perforation in a tertiary center. We report cases of 20and 30-years old men presented in an emergency with history of road traffic accident 1 and 3 days back. Best corrected visual acuity was hand movement in both injured eye. Slit lamp examination of both cases revealed full thickness corneal laceration with Siedel test positive. Both cases underwent corneal laceration repair with resuturing and corneal glue on consecutive days but couldn't seal the leaking wound. Then ultimately both were undergone for tectonic keratoplasty. The final best corrected visual activity of involved eye was 6/36 in case 1 and 6/24 in case 2. Most cases of traumatic corneal perforation undergone urgent corneal repair but sometimes very difficult to seal the wound. In such cases donor cornea tissue may have to be used to maintain integrity of globe and better visual potential.
Study of Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gas in ICU Patients: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rauniyar Nabin , Pujari Shyam , Shrestha Pradeep
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Pulse oximetery is expected to be an indirect estimation of arterial oxygen saturation. However, there often are gaps between SpO2 and SaO2. This study aims to study on arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas among patients admitted in intensive care unit.

Methods: It was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in which 101 patients meeting inclusion criteria were studied. SpO2 and SaO2 were measured simultaneously. Mean±SD of SpO2 and SaO2 with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were measured.

Results: According to SpO2 values, out of 101 patients, 26 (25.7%) were hypoxemic and 75 (74.25%) were non–hypoxemic. The mean±SD of SaO2 and SpO2 were 93.22±7.84% and 92.85±6.33% respectively. In 21 patients with SpO2<90%, the mean±SD SaO2 and SpO2 were 91.63±4.92 and 87.42±2.29 respectively. In 5 patients with SpO2 < 80%, the mean ± SD of SaO2 and SpO2 were: 63.40±3.43 and 71.80±4.28, respectively. In non–hypoxemic group based on SpO2 values, the mean±SD of SpO2 and SaO2 were 95.773±2.19% and 95.654±3.01%, respectively. The agreement rate of SpO2 and SaO2 was 83.2%, and sensitivity and specificity of PO were 84.6% and 83%, respectively.

Conclusions: Pulse Oximetry has high accuracy in estimating oxygen saturation with sp02>90% and can be used instead of arterial blood gas.
Koncepcja nieśmiertelności człowieka w argumentacji rezurekcyjnej Metodego z Olimpu
Authors: Mejzner Mirosław
Published: November 2020

The foundation of the christian truth about the resurrection is the paschal event, ie the death and resurrection of Christ. However, the interpretation of this dogma is essentially linked to an anthropological vision, therefore the exegesis of biblical protology has a particular significance. At the start of the IVth century, Methodius of Olympus undertook an interesting trial to clarify the status of the first man. Namely, departing from the traditional concept of medietas, which placed Adam in an indeterminate balance between immortality and death, he favoured the idea, which can be called “principaliter (essential or original) immortality”. Thanks to this modification, the author of De resurrectione, gained an important point in resurrectional polemics. He thus presented death, not as an equivalent possibility linked with the original choice of man, but a consequence of his sin, certainly dra­matic, but secondary to God’s original plan. In this perspective, the resurrection of the body, and restoring it to immortality, appeared worthy and necessary, being the eschatic realisation of the Creator’s design, his who cannot err.
Godność ciała ludzkiego według Tertuliana. Analiza komentarzy do tekstów Rdz 1, 26-27; 2, 8; 1Kor 3, 16
Authors: Turek Waldemar
Published: November 2020

The present paper discusses the dignity of human body as treated in selected texts from Tertullian’s De resurrectione mortuorum and Adversus Marcionem. Because Tertullian argues primarily on the basis of Sacred Scripture, special con­sideration will be given to his exegesis of Genesis 1: 26-27 and 2: 8. Tertullian demonstrates that the creation of the human body is the direct work of God who creates it, precisely with the future Incarnation of his beloved Son already in mind. Tertullian describes, against Marcion, the dignity of the human body as ensuing from the gift of freedom which man received from God at the act of creation. The human body is the instrument through which man receives spiritual gifts. We therefore can call it the „foundation of salvation”. In his polemic against the fol­lowers of Plato and the gnostics, Tertullian demonstrates that the human body and the entire „man” is called to be a temple of God (cf. 1Cor 3: 16).
Ciało złe i dobre. Kwestia pochodzenia i natury ciała Adama i Chrystusa we wczesnochrześcijańskich ruchach heretyckich
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: November 2020

The article expounds on the groundwork laid by the first Latin treaty De haeresibus by Philastrius, the fourth-century bishop of Brescia, analyzed on the background of writings of Irenaeus, Tertullian and Origen, how the rooted in Gnosticism representatives of early Christian heresies (Carpocratians, Saturninus, Valentinus, Apelles, Marcion, Manicheans) have comprehended the genesis of man’s body. After a general delivery of early Christian doubts regarding the value of human flesh, different varieties of heretical paradox – ensuing from Platonic and Gnostic cosmo-anthropological tendencies – are presented. The paradox could be formulated in the following manner: human body of the first man Adam – and correspondingly all of his descendants – is genetically and ontologically evil as being an elementary constituent of the material world. Hence the flesh of a new Adam, i.e. Christ, must come form another realm and be free of the earthly materiality in order to be good by nature and worthy of Saviour’s person. The presented mode of thinking instigated the rise of theological misconceptions, in particular the eschatological ones denying human body the possibility of resurrec­tion and recognizing – in a Gnostic fashion – the liberation of man from flesh, not his salvation alongside his body.
Teologiczny i antropologiczny wymiar obrzędów chrzcielnych w Kościele IV wieku
Authors: Czyżewski Bogdan
Published: November 2020

The Holy Baptism in Church in period of the first centuries was considered as an extra ordinary and important event, both in life of the baptized person, as well as in the entire Church community. Almost exact information on baptism in Church of the 4th century is available in existing documents of empathetical discourses on baptism by four great Fathers of the Church: St. Cyril of Jerusalem, St. John Chrysostom, St. Ambrose of Milan, and Theodor, bishop of Mopsuestia. Thus in this paper I have decided to present only the Baptismal Rites and their theological and anthropological significance. In terms of the mentioned authors’ writings, we can find two parts of the baptismal liturgy where they consist of particular Rites. The first part is devoted to so called the rites preceding a ceremony of baptism, It means to surrender Satan, take off cloths and apply the holy oil before one’s baptism. Another Rite, i.e. taking off clothes of the candidates to be baptized, was significant for the new way of life of a certain human being, and rejection of the old man with his all affairs and matters. Authors of baptismal discourses also paid their attention to application of the holy oil. The second part of Baptismal Rites was related to baptismal immersion itself. First of all, there was the following or­der: to reach the baptismal tank, immerse in waters three times, then leave it and put on the white clothes. The theological interpretation of particular Baptismal Rites in writings of the Church of the 4th century was rather compact. Even in case of some differences available, they were not concerned with the principal aspects, but strictly devoted to the baptism itself in order to understand the ceremony, and all particular order of the Baptismal Rites.
Czy dusza walczy z ciałem? Wybrane aspekty antropologii św. Jana Chryzostoma
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: November 2020

This article takes the theme of the fight of the soul with the body and presents selected items of anthropology of St. John Chrysostom. John Chrysostom examines the human situation after original sin in the eschatological aspect and indicates that the body is not the cause of evil, because sin is the consequence of free choice man. Then presents the relationship between the body and the soul, and stresses that the body is subordinate to the soul, to whom falls the responsibility for the deeds of the body. The soul is immortal by the will of God and his dignity tran­scends the body. The Preacher explains that the worldly biological life doesn’t mean real life. John Chrysostom in teaching on man understands the word „spirit” not as a living soul, that is to say, the spiritual element of the man, but as the „Holy Spirit”, of course, without the recognition of the role of anything of the soul. Con­sequently, the struggle between body and spirit means the fight between earthy concern resulting from the inappropriate desires of the soul caused by an evil spirit, and the Holy Spirit, who is the giver of life. This is not the ontological fight between body and soul, but the moral struggle of life and death. In this respect, John Chrysostom says, that the hostility of the soul to the body is simply hostility of evil to the virtues, which in fact means the fight between the living (which aims to virtue) and the dead (in the broad people’s iniquity) soul.
„Sen duszy” w pismach Afrahata
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The soul in the ascetic teaching of Aphrahat was understood as being the el­ement which gave life to the body. Properly nurtured it guaranteed the ascetic a moral development. This role of the soul as the foundation of life influenced his outlook on morality and sensuality. The answer to the biblical „living soul” was in his Demonstrations. This implied a spiritual energy, which every person is born with, which is eternal and adorned with a sen­sitivity of thought. Death embraced both the body and the soul, except that, for the „living soul”, it was equated with sleep. Analysing the anthropological ter­minology exposed a strong influence of biblical concepts. The Semitic character of this Persian’s anthropology created problems in the precise indication of the semantic bounds of these ideas. The search was not limited only to seeking out the exclusive character of individual human attributes, but also to try to discover their association and interdependence. From the anthropologi­cal material of ascetic teaching in the Demonstrations emerges a vision of a man integrated, in whom the corporal is subjected to the spirit and the external signs (speech and conduct) are in harmony with the internal (thought and feelings).
Magic practices against human life and health in late antiquity as reflected in Church legislation
Authors: Ożóg Monika
Published: November 2020

Zachowania magiczne były od niepamiętnych czasów elementem kultury. Świadectwa w postaci amuletów, różnych narzędzi czy zaklęć systematycznie są odkrywane. Magia przenikając w świat religii, stawała się jej elementem, z cza­sem aż do tego stopnia, że w zależności od okresu historycznego, nie sposób od­różnić jednej od drugiej. W niniejszym artykule zostały poddanie analizie, z per­spektywy ustawodawstwa kościelnego, praktyki magiczne szkodzące zdrowiu i życiu. Oczywiście przepisy prawne mają na celu eliminację błędów i zagrożeń przez co przedstawiają obraz jednostronny nie oddający wszystkich aspektów ży­cia. Niewątpliwie jednak odnoszą się do zagrożeń realnych i przez to poszerzają wiedzę o epoce. W przedstawionym tekście wzięto pod uwagę takie praktyki ma­giczne, które celowo i umyślnie miały szkodzić konkretnym osobom.
Wpływ "Vita Martini" Sulpicjusza Sewera na Vita Niniani Aelreda z Rievaulx
Authors: Groń Ryszard
Published: November 2020

The article was written to illustrate the possible impact of Vita Martini by Sulpicius Severus on Aelred of Rievaulx’s Vita Niniani. Both works are hagiogra­phies, thus were written as prime examples of faith and Christian virtues without excessive focus on biographical accuracy, as was common during the medieval period. The works were created in diverse cultural and historical settings: the for­mer portrays the life of Saint Martin of Tours, a very popular medieval bishop of Gaul, who was active during the 5th century; the hagiography was written by his disciple, Sulpicius Severus. The latter depicts the life of a missionary active in southern England, also in the 5th century, Saint Ninian of Whithorn. St. Ninian’s hagiography was, however, written seven centuries later by a well-known English abbot from Rievaulx, St. Aelred. The possible influence of Sulpicius Severus’ work on Vita Niniani by Aelred of Rievaulx can be concluded due to the similarities be­tween the two hagiographies, the popularity of Vita Martini in Cistercian circles and, simultaneously, an almost complete lack of historical information regarding St. Ninian’s life. The fact that Aelred quotes the Bede Venerable’ history note from the 8th century – which mentions that St. Martin was St. Ninian’s role model in the field of missionary care and pastoral work – as his chief resource, makes this influence is all the more probable. To carry out this article’s objective, the contents have been divided into three sections: the creation of Vita Niniani; a comparison of Bishop Ninian of Whithorn as a historical figure (based on contemporary his­torical and archeological research) with the portrait painted by Aelred (based on the Bede Venerable’ note and a piece of literature by an unknown writer); to final­ly show a comparison of Vita Niniani and Vita Martini.
Starotestamentalne cuda w poemacie "Paschale carmen" Seduliusza
Authors: Krynicka Tatiana
Published: November 2020

Before turning to the wonderful Saviour’s deeds, that he strives to praise in Paschale Carmen, Sedulius introduces his reader into the old testamental history of salvation. In the Book 1, which fulfils the functions of a preface to the poem, he recounts 18 miracles that took place before Christ was born, since the ages of the Patriarchs to the period of the Babylonian captivity. These relations appear to be separate, self-contained stories. The longest is devoted to the miraculous fate of the prophet Elijah (lines 170-187); in the shortest the poet tells about the Balaam’s donkey, an animal without speech, who spoke to its master with a human voice (lines 160-162). Miracles fascinate Sedulius as extraordinary events, which deny the laws of nature and contradict common sense. At that they are sometimes con­nected with a marvelous metamorphosis. God performs miracles in order to show to the mankind His might, providence and kindness; to educate human beings and to prepare them for the coming of Christ; to foretell cosmic redemption at the end of times. Telling about the old testamental miracles Sedulius tends to refer both to the unbelievers and to the believers the revealed truth. He also aims to awake in the readers’ hearts wonderment, gratitude, love and trust towards the Holy Trinity.
Władza sądownicza biskupa galijskiego według Grzegorza z Tours
Authors: Nowak Piotr
Published: November 2020

From the examples preserved in literature of Gregory of Tours the Gallic Church in the 6th century accomplished a crucial role in the judiciary system of the age. Bishops used to resolve not only own matters concerning the clergy or Canon Laws but also used to pass judgements on various arguments in which lay people were the parties. The highest hierarch acted alone or in the presence of the lay judge and other participants of the dispute and was unquestionably fulfilling formal procedural line. In the judicial procedure the bishop was appearing mainly as a mediator, with hope to reach the compromise by using his own high prestige and following the current law. In this procedure he was guided by a principle of the Christian mercy, clearly considering the Church learning in settling matters accor­ding the God’s justice, for which to its own conviction, he was a representative. Gregory’s of Tours iustitia implied such ideas, like the faithful life, charitable activity and the fair revenge. Bishops of this period were appearing consciously in the role of God’s messengers spreading the peace and love, and having the duty to support and protect the poor. In this way bishops are using judicial activity as the form of the pastoral ministry. Through such an attitude they were undoubtedly contributing to create a new civilization and relief the barbaric customs of Dark Ages epoch.
Afrahat, Mowa X – O pasterzach (Demonstratio X: De pastoribus, PSyr 1, 444-465)
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Il cristianesimo come religio divina nel pensiero di sant’Ilario di Poitiers
Authors: Bodrožić Ivan
Published: November 2020

Święty Hilary z Poitiers († 367) żył w trudnym momencie historycznym, w którym panował kryzys w stosunkach władzy politycznej i kościelnej. Z jednej stony dziedzictwo Konstantyna Wielkiego w postaci uznania chrześciajństwa za religię państwową, z drugiej zaś pokusy ingerencji włądzy cywilnej w wewnętrzne sprawy Kościoła przez jego nastepców. Zaistniałą sytuację pogarszały znacznie walki między różnymi frakcjami chrześcijan, którzy nie mogli nadal osiagnąć pokoju i zgody w kwestaich religijnych nawet pomimo tego, że na Soborze Nicejskim, zostało ogłoszone wyznanie wiary Kościoła. Cesarz Konstancjusz, sprzyjający arianon, w rzeczywistości chciał polityczne­go rozwiązania problemu teologicznego nie uwzględniajac jednak faktu, że kom­promis religijny podważy prawdę o Bogu. Na kanwie tych wydarzeń zasadniczą kwestią stanie się precyzyjne określenie pojecia religii prawdziwej. Autor artykułu podjął badania nad różnymi znaczeniami terminu religio w pismach Biskupa Poitiers. Analiza tekstów pozwoliła na zaprezentowanie jego rozumienia religii, a zwłaszcza, wskazanie kryteriów określających zarówno religię jak i Kościół, który również może być rozumiany pod pojęciem religii. Jak konkluduje Autor dla św. Hilarego jedyną, prawdziwą religią jest ta, która została objawiona przez Boga, On sam ją zapoczątkował na ziemi. Dodatkowo religia ta jest zgodna z prawem, ponieważ pochodzi od Boga, który jest jego autorem. Hilary pokazuje wyraźnie, że prawda religijna nie ma prowieniencji ludzkiej, ale jest prawdą ze względu na to, co objawił Bóg. Stąd też postulaty Hilarego pod adresem cesarza, który nie może działać w Kościele jako absolutny pan i traktować Kościoła jako religii pogańskiej. Kościół jest depozytariuszem prawdy otrzymanej od Boga jak również wskazówek odnośnie do właściwego i należnego Bogu kultu i nie może odejsć od tego nawet za cenę konfliktu z cesarzem.
Lactantius and “ressourcement”: Going to the sources of religious liberty in the civic order
Authors: Coleman Anthony P.
Published: November 2020

Laktancjusz, jako uznany retor, piastował urzędowe stanowiska w okresie pa­nowania Dioklecjana (284-305) i Konstantyna (306-337). Był również obecny w Nikomedii, gdy zimą roku 302/303, Dioklecjan wezwał do rozwiązania „pro­blemu chrześcijaństwa”. Szyderstwa i pogarda, które docierały do Laktancjusza, skłoniły go do napisania wielkiej chrześcijańskiej apologii – Divinae Institutio­nes. Atmosfera prześladowania, która towarzyszyła powstaniu Institutiones bez wątpienia skłoniła apologetę do dyskusji o wolności religijnej, nie tylko jako ogólnym prawie chrześcijan, ale jako podstawowym prawie osoby ludzkiej. Pre­zentowany artykuł ukazuje argumenty Laktancjusza za wolnością religijną w po­rządku świeckim oraz dowodzi, że wiara Laktancjusza w potrzebę wolności do­konywania czynności religijnych determinuje jego afirmację wolności religijnej jako takiej. Artykuł analizuje także użycie pism Laktancjusza w katolickiej nauce społecznej i stwierdza, że soborowe nauczanie Kościoła katolickiego na temat wolności religijnej jest przykładem nie tylko rozwoju doktrynalnego, ale auten­tycznego powrotu do nauczania Ojców.
Saint John Chrysostom’s preaching “logotherapy” in the face of heresy of anomoeanism
Authors: Oliynyk Andriy
Published: November 2020

Św. Jan Chryzostom (349-407) wywarł olbrzymi wkład w rozwój doktry­ny teologicznej i praktyki pastoralnej, działając w okresie, który badacze cha­rakteryzują jako „złoty” wiek dla partystyki i kaznodziejstwa na chrześcijań­skim Wschodzie. Równocześnie w tym czasie poważny kryzys w Kościele Bizantyjskim powodują błyskawicznie rozpowszechniające się na Wschodzie herezje: arianizm, manicheizm, duchoburstwo, apolinaryzm i inne. Św. Jan jako duszpasterz działa w ostatnim etapie trwania herezji arianizmu, która szeroko rozpowszechniła się w Antiochii w postaci anomeizmu, kwestionującego boską naturę Chrystusa. Jako teolog walczy on z tą herezją tylko i wyłącznie z ambony. „Logoterapia” kaznodziejska św. Jana Chryzostoma polegała na obronie ortodok­syjnej nauki z użyciem metody duszpasterskiej: stosuje on dialog ze słuchaczem, aby udowodnić niesłuszność nauki heretyckiej i w ten sposób uchronić zdrowie duchowe oraz nieskazitelność wiary ludu powierzonego jego pasterskiej trosce. Św. Jan nie ma zamiaru prowadzić dysputy dogmatyczno-polemiczne z ambony z celem ich wygrania, lecz ma zamiar uleczyć (uwolnić) słuchaczy od błędnych poglądów i heretyckiej nauki. Każdego „chorego” Złotousty traktuje w duchu łagodności i miłości; nie wyklina heretyków, lecz zwraca się do nich z apelem, aby powrócili do jedności z Kościołem. Chryzostom traktuje swoje kazania jako swoisty „seans logoterapii”, co przejawia się w werbalnym „zalewaniu ran oliwą i winem” (Łk 10, 34).
Prawo wiary czy uczynki prawa? Dylemat pierwszych chrześcijan w "Commentarium in Epistulam ad Romanos" Orygenesa
Authors: Duda Jerzy
Published: November 2020

One of the most crucial problems that split the newly developing Church was the argumentation between the baptized Jews, the Christians deriving from pagans and Gnostics mainly concerned the issue of respecting Moses Law and connected with it circumcision. That problem was deeply analyzed in the preaching of one of the most prominent Early-Christian writers and Church exegetes Origen (around 253 AD). Origen stressed that both the law of faith as well as Moses Law are strictly connected with God’s Law, which every human should respect in order to reach salvation. And neither the deeds of natural law nor Moses Law have the justification power, since this is actually given directly from Christ via our faith and christening. So humans receive the remission of sins and blessing on the basis of faith, and it is the faith that contributes to salvation. Humans, who have been given salvation, are obliged to respect the law faith in their life, which concerns all Christ’s disciples. And that should be manifested by fasting, mercy, penance, seeking wisdom, etc. We can state though that the law of faith, being God’s gift, is fundamental in a Christian’s life, and the reflection of that is justice and sainthood.
Wiara jako akt poznawczy. Analiza "Quaestiones" Ambrozjastra
Authors: Babiarz Grzegorz
Published: November 2020

Ambrosiaster uses two forms for the definition of the concept of faith. The first one – in the sense of a noun: fides; the second one – from the perspective of the knowing subject: credere. Abraham’s act of faith, whose object is God, is shown as a cognitive model. The acceptance of God’s authority leads to recogniz­ing in Christ the Son of God. Believers receive in Baptism the gift the Holy Spirit and knowing the will of God. By participating in the fullness of His life, they are given access to the Eucharist. Knowability is one of God’s characteristics. Accepting this fact and submit­ting oneself to God’s guidance results in knowing the Trinity. Christ’s confidence in the Father is the basic principle of knowing through faith, and this translates into absolute certainty of the truthfulness of the conclusions. It is a duty of believ­ers to explore the truth. The Gospel, interpreted by the authority of the Church, remains the main source of revelation. The intensity of cognition influences the entirety of one’s life, manifests itself in the acceptance of all the truths of the faith and in creating harmony between faith and the virtues of love and hope.
Wiara w pismach Afrahata
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The issue of faith forms the cornerstone of Aphrahat’s ascetic teaching, and it is dealt with in all the Demonstrations. The order and logical coherence of the top­ics discussed in the first homily, De Fide, particularly in the articles of Aphrahat’s Credo and the Letter of an Inquirer, as well as in the other Demonstrations, are clear and obvious only to someone who believes in the one and only God. The Persian sage elaborates the thought that the edifice of faith is built upon Christ who is its only foundation and, at the same time, its only head of the wall. The au­thor employs the existing biblical tradition, giving a Christocentric interpretation to the narration taken from the Book of Isaiah (cf. Is 50, 7). The works of faith, quoted in the form of biblical testimonia, which are typical of Aphrahat, cover the entire work of creation and demonstrate the greatness and the divine wisdom of the Creator acting throughout the history of salvation.
Doroteos, Do Abrahama (Pap. Bodmer XXX: Ad Abraham)
Authors: Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz , Tadajczyk Konrad
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Waldemar Ceran, Artisans et commerçants à Antioche et leur rang social (seconde moitié du IVe siècle de notre ère), traduction de la langue polonaise par Elżbieta Kolańska, édition revue, corrigée et mise à jour par Paweł Filipczak, Byzantina Lodziensia 1
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Steven Runciman, Zapomniana stolica Bizancjum. Historia Mistry i Peloponezu, tłum. Norbert Radomski, Poznań 2013, Dom Wydawniczy REBIS, ss. 203.
Authors: Kalinowski Damian
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Grzegorz z Nyssy, O tytułach psalmów, wstęp, tłum. i przypisy Marta Przyszychowska, Źródła Myśli Teologicznej 72, Kraków 2014, Wydawnictwo WAM, ss. 131.
Authors: Kochańczyk-Bonińska Karolina
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Ks. Mariusz Szram, Cnota pokory w nauczaniu greckich Ojców Kościoła IV wieku, Lublin 2014, Wydawnictwo KUL, ss. 252.
Authors: Pałucki Jerzy
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Życie i działalność naukowa ks. prof. dra hab. Franciszka Drączkowskiego
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
Wykaz prac dyplomowych napisanych pod kierunkiem ks. prof. dra hab. Franciszka Drączkowskiego
Authors: Wysocki Marcin
Published: November 2020

nie dotyczy
PIDANA PEMISKINAN KORUPTOR PADA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Sugiarto Agus
Published: November 2020

Corruption is a large and interesting problem as a legal matter concerning complicated crime types. It contains multiple aspects of economic relations, politics, social, and culture. Various efforts to eradicate corruption have been done. However, in terms of quantity and quality of the perpetrators the corruption is still increasing. It is necessary to prevent and reduce the occurrence of corruption cases. One of the discourses to tackle corruption in Indonesia is the impoverishment of corruptors. The research objective is to analyze the problems that have been formulated. The research method used is normative juridical with qualitative analysis. The results of the research and discussion of the thesis states that 1) the regulation of impoverishment of criminals against corruptors as one of the alternative sentences in corruption in Indonesia has not been explicitly regulated in legislation to eradicate corruption; 2) the obstacles faced in the application of criminal impoverishment or payment of compensation money for state financial losses of corruptors is difficult. It is difficult to find wealth owned by corruptors, either because it is hidden by means of naming other names, or indeed the convicted of corruption does not have any wealth.
Akuntansi Manajemen Limbah Industri Perhotelan (Studi kasus: Sebuah Hotel Bintang Empat di Makassar)
Authors: Kurnia Surahmah , Syamsinar Syamsinar , Afdaliah Afdaliah
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research is to produce the accounting information for management decision making about the estimation of revenue and cost of waste cultivation in hotel. The research methodology used descriptive quantitative using waste material exchange and recycle as the alternatives waste cultivation. The empirical result shows that the estimation of financial performance (profit) which sourced from solid and liquid waste cultivation based on the parameter used will be consideration and recommendation
Hubungan Relational Capital dengan Kinerja Perusahaan: Entrepreneurial Orientation sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Nasir Nasir
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to conceptualizing the relationship between Relational Capital to corporate performance through Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) as an intervening variable. This study is conceptual paper (Non Empirical) who tried to examine the conceptual relationship antaraRC and performance of the company, where the concept of EO as an intervening variable. The reconstruction of concepts offered from this study can be continued in empirical research so that it is expected to be able to contribute in adding various views about EO which are part of management strategies.Â Â
Analisis Dana Kampanye Calon Terpilih Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) pada Pemilu Serentak 2019
Authors: Mubtadi Novendi Arkham , Arifin Syamsul
Published: November 2020

This article wants to answer about how the amount and nominal budget of elected DPD candidates can be utilized for the effort to win seats for each elected candidate. This study takes a sample of all members of the DPD elected from the existing participation of 34 provinces in Indonesia. The type of data taken in the form of secondary data downloaded from the official KPU website consists of a Report on the Revenue and Expenditure of Campaign Funds. Based on the results of this study, there are two interesting things related to the funding of the DPD in the 2019 Concurrent Elections ago. First, there is no strong relationship when the campaign budget is large. The pair of elected DPD candidates can win seats at a relatively small campaign cost. Second, the amount and amount of campaign costs incurred by prospective DPD members varies. The campaign expenses spent by Adilla Azis from East Java amounted to IDR 75,000. Meanwhile, Jimly As-Shiddiqie from DKI Jakarta spent the largest cost of IDR 1,908,605,402. The average selected candidate issues an average price range of IDR 400 million with an average cost/vote of IDR 3,500.Â
Keberterimaan Mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntansi terhadap Pembelajaran Online pada Masa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Istiyana Andi Nurul , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: November 2020

Nowdays, world was shocked by a corona virus, then WHO established this condition as a pandemic. This condition has a major impact on various sectors, as well as education. Therefore Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia released decreet about The learning system through online learning is a personal computer (PC) device connected to an internet. The change of learning process, has an impact to student accepetence.This research is explanatory research, to explain the causal relationship between the research variables and test the hypotheses that were formulated. Based on the TAM Model developed by Davis in 1989, testing the user's acceptance of an information system technology. The population used is Accounting Department studentâ€™s class of 2019-2020 Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. Purposive sampling is used for sampling. The data collection technique used the distribution of questionnaires with 150 samples. The result was tested by SEM PLS.The results of this study indicate that Accounting Department students accept online learning well. This indicated by all the hypotheses in this study which are accepted. Accounting Department students who were sampled in this study were generation Z who were sensitive to technology.
4-H Project Record
Authors: Hilliker Alden
Published: November 2020

This document is 4HLDL24, which supersedes 4H387, one of a series of the Florida 4-H Youth Development, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. September, 1985.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h164
Florakirk Bermudagrass
Authors: Mislevy Paul , Brown William F. , Dunavin L. S. , Judd W. S. , Kalmbacher Robert S. , Kucharek Thomas A. , Noling Joseph W. , Ruelke O. C. , Sonoda R. M. , Stanely, Jr. R. L.
Published: November 2020

This document is SS-AGR-183, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published (as Circular S395) August 1995. Revised October 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/aa221
Outline for Managing Irrigation of Florida Citrus with High Salinity Water
Authors: Boman Brian J. , Stover Eddie W.
Published: November 2020

This is Document No. ABE 332, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: September 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae217
Diagnosing Herbicide Injury in Cotton
Authors: Devkota Pratap
Published: November 2020

This publication describes the behavior and injury symptoms of various kinds of herbicides in cotton.
Value of Preconditioning Beef Calves
Authors: Pate Findlay M. , Crockett J. R.
Published: November 2020

This document is BUL 799, one of a series of the Department of Animal Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First Published: November 1978. Reviewed: October 2002.
Medicinal Use of Citrus
Authors: Ferguson James J.
Published: November 2020

This document is HS892, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: October, 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ch196
Specifications for Planting Trees and Shrubs in the Southeastern U.S.
Authors: Gilman Edward F.
Published: November 2020

This document is ENH856, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date March 12, 2002.
Warm Climate Production Guidelines for Bougainvillea
Authors: Schoellhorn Richard , Alvarez Erin
Published: November 2020

This document is ENH 874, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date October 1, 2002.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep130
Plant-Based Milks: Hemp
Authors: Curl Sarah , Rivero-Mendoza Daniela , Dahl Wendy J.
Published: November 2020

Hemp milk is a plant-based milk growing in popularity. Commercial hemp seed, used in the production of hemp milk, contains only trace amounts of the compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), much too low to produce any psychoactive effects from consuming the milk. This new 4-page publication describes the composition of hemp milk and the potential health benefits and risks. Written by Sarah Curl, Daniela Rivero-Mendoza, and Wendy J. Dahl, and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs420
Parenting During the Elementary School Years, Part 1: Preventing Misbehavior
Authors: Ferrer Millie , Fugate Anne M. , Rivera Ingrid
Published: November 2020

This document is FCS2202, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date September 10, 2002 Updated July 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy541
Insect Management for Sweet Corn
Authors: Nuessly Gregg S. , Webb Susan E.
Published: November 2020

This document is ENY-472 (which replaces ENY-449), one of a series of the Entomology & Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November 2001. Revised: July 2003.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ig158
Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Capinera John L.
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-098, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 1999. Revised: July 2000.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in255