bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Variations of Gamma Ray-Irradiated Chili Pepper Mutant Genotypes Based on Gene-Specific Primers Related to Fruit Size Character
Authors: Nugroho Kristianto , Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas , Syukur Muhamad , Lestari Puji
Published: May 2022

Fruit size is a quantitative character controlled by several genes and mutations in those genes could lead to phenotypic changes in fruits. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a molecular marker that could be used to detect mutation in genes at the nucleotide level that could not be done by conventional markers. The aim of this study was to analyze nucleotide variations, primarily SNP, in mutant chili pepper genotypes using gene-specific primers related to fruit size characters to measure the genetic changes occured, identify the SNPs that were associated with fruit size character, and analyze the phylogenetic among the mutant genotypes. Sanger sequencing was conducted on six mutant[K21]  chili pepper genotypes from M2 generation and Lingga as origin variety using five pairs of newly designed gene-specific primers corresponding to fruit size characters. A total of 41 base changes were identified in the gamma ray-irradiated chili pepper mutants, consisting of 22 insertions/deletions (indels) and 19 SNPs. As many as 17 nonsynonymous SNPs which caused amino acid changes, in contrast to the other 2 synonymous SNPs, were found in these mutant genotypes. Association analysis between identified SNPs to fruit length and diameter showed nonsignificant association, therefore the functional marker related to targeted gene could not be developed. The genotype L269 showed a separation from Lingga in dendrogram reflecting a large number of genetic changes, showed its potential as a new germplasm in development of improved variety in the future.
Motivasi Belajar: Produktifitas dan Profitabilitasnya
Authors: Maryono Maryono
Published: May 2022

Motivasi merupakan dorongan dasar yang menggerakkan seorang individu untuk melakukan suatu perbuatan. Karena itulah, baik buruknya perbuatan seseorang dapat bergantung pada motivasi yang mendorong perbuatan tersebut. Apalagi motivasi tersebut, digunakan untuk meningkatnya produktifitas dan profitabilitas pembelajaran.
Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Palaan (Kabupaten Malang) sebagai Implikasi dari Pt Greenfield Indonesia dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Rinawati Ika
Published: May 2022

PT Greenfields Indonesia telah meraih kesuksesannya yang dibuktikan dengan pemasaran susu greenfields yang tidak hanya didalam negeri tetapi juga keluar negeri. Greenfield diharapkan mampu menambah lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat Palaan (warga sekitar pabrik susu Greenfields) sehingga kehidupan warga Palaan semakin sejahtera. Kesejahteraan masyarakat ini perlu dilihat dari perspektif Islam yaitu dengan konsep “Maqashid Syariah” dengan memelihara kelima unsur pokok (kulliyat al khamsah) dalam maqashid syariah, yaitu hifdz din (menjaga agama), hifdz nafs (menjaga jiwa), hifdz aql (menjaga akal), hifdz nasl (menjaga keturunan) dan hifdz mall (menjaga harta).Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat palaan yang bekerja sebagai pegawai di Greenfield dan pegawai Bumdes Palaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Palaan belum mencapai kesejahteraan maslahah secara maksimal, yang dibuktikan dengan tidak terjawabnya semua indicator peneliti yaitu penjagaan kelima unsur Maqashid Syariah (Kulliyat Al Khamsah) yakni hifdz din, hifdz nafs, hifdz aql, hifdz nasl dan hifdz mall. Sedangkan kurangnya pencapaian kesejahteraan maslahah disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya adalah usia yang masih sangat muda, tidak ada nya pekerjaan sampingan yang membantu mencukupi kebutuhan dan latar belakang pendidikan bukan dari pendidikan yang berbasis agama.
Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Syariah di Surya Mart Ponorogo 2019
Authors: Septian Arif Dwi
Published: May 2022

Perusahaan memerlukan suatu alat ukur untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dan evaluasi kualitas pelayanan. Oleh karena itu, setiap perusahaan menyadari agar dapat bersaing dalam dunia perdagangan yang ketat saat ini, perusahaan membutuhkan evaluasi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dan evaluasi kualitas pelayanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengevaluasi Surya Mart Ponorogo dalam memprioritaskan atribut-atribut kualitas pelayanan syariahnya (2) menunjukkan atribut-atribut kualitas pelayanan syariah yang menjadi prioritas utama agar ditingkatkan (3) menunjukkan nilai tingkat CSI kepuasan pelanggan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan objek penelitian di Surya Mart Ponorogo. Data-data diuji dengan uji validitas dan reliabilitas kemudian dianalisis dengan IPA (Importance Performance Analysis), Diagram Kartesius dan CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index). Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga temuan. Pertama, hasil analisis IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) pada tingkat kesesuaian maka didapatkan urutan prioritas kesenjangan atau gap sebagai berikut: Prioritas ke 1, KPT/S 10 dengan nilai 83,09%; dan yang terakhir ke 18, KPT/S 2 dengan nilai 93,48%.  Kedua, dari hasil analisis Diagram Kartesius atribut yang masuk dalam kuadran A (prioritas utama) yaitu atribut kualitas pelayanan syariah nomer 4, 9, 13, 14, 17, dan 18. Ketiga, nilai tingkat kepuasan pelanggan pada kualitas pelayanan syariah pada Surya Mart Ponorogo menurut analisis CSI yaitu 75,2% yang artinya pelanggan merasa puas.
Problematika Praktek Patoho Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus di Desa Sangga Kec. Lambu Kabupaten Bima)
Authors: Khatamunisa Rukyah
Published: May 2022

Tulisan inimembahas tentang “Problematika Praktek Patoho Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah(Studi Kasus Di Desa Sangga Kec. Lambu Kabupaten Bima)”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menengahi dua pendapat masyarakat mengenai hukum Patoho, karena sebagian ada yang mengatakan haram dan sebagian  mengatakanhalal/boleh. Untuk merespon hal tersebut, perlu mengetahui faktor yang  mendorong masyarakat melakukan transaksi Patohoserta menganalisis Praktek Patoho dengan Perspektif  Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, untuk mendapatkan jawaban yang jelas mengenai hukum dari praktek Patoho.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskripsi analisis, dengan Jenis penelitianlapangan (field research).Menggunakan tekhnik wawancara dan dokumentasi dalam mengumpulkan data.Hasil penelitian: Pertama, bahwaFaktor yang melatarbelakangi masyarakat melakukan Patoho yaitu karena adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak yang tidak bisa di tunda, jika di tunda akan menimbulkan kesulitan yang sangat (Masyaqqah) bagi petani. Kedua praktek Patoho yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Sangga Kecamatan Lambu Kabupaten Bima telah sesuai dengan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.
URGENSI AHLU SUNNAH WAL JAMA’AH DAN PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN (Tinjauan atas Qonun Assasy Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama’ah karya Rois Akbar Nahdlatul Ulama KH. Hasyim Asy’ari)
Authors: Awaluddin Asep
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqidah ahlu sunah wal jama'ah in Islam is a very vital understanding, especially in our country. Because its existence is embraced by the majority of Indonesian Muslims. Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama'ah An-Nahdliyah which was coined by KH. Hasyim Asy'ari became a milestone in the struggle for independence for the Unitary Republic of Indonesia since before the proclamation of independence. Nowadays, groups have emerged that also claim to practice ahlu sunah wal jama'ah, but in fact they have divided the unity among Muslims. What is the nature of the understanding of ahlu sunah wal jamaah and why is the understanding of ahlu sunah waljama'ahan-Nadhliyah useful for the Indonesian people ?. This research is based on literature, data analysis using content analysis and hermeneutical methods. The result of this research is that aqidah ahlu sunnah wal jamaah appears to answer the problems of many Islamic religious traditions, Ahlu sunnah wal jamaah an-nahdliyah is the most appropriate aqidah for national education now and in the future.  AbstrakAqidah ahlu sunah wal jama’ah dalam Islam menjadi faham yang sangat vital khususnya di negeri kita.Sebab keberadaannya dianut oleh sebagian besar umat Islam Indonesia.Ahlu Sunnah Wal Jama’ah An-Nahdliyah yang dicetuskan oleh KH. Hasyim Asy’ari menjadi tonggak perlawanan perjuangan kemerdekaan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia sejak sebelum proklamasi kemerdekaan. Dewasa ini bermunculan kelompok yang juga mengaku beraqidah ahlu sunah wal jama’ah namun justru memecah belah persatuan diantara umat Islam. Bagaimanakah hakikat faham ahlu sunah wal jamaah dan mengapa faham ahlu sunah waljama’ahan-Nadhliyahbermanfaat untuk bangsa Indonesia?.Penelitian ini berbasis kepustakaan, analisis data menggunakan metode analisis isi dan hermeunetika. Hasil penelitian ini adalah aqidah ahlu sunnah wal jamaah muncul menjawab problematika banyaknya aliran keagamaan Islam, Ahlu sunnah wal jamaah an-nahdliyah adalah aqidah yang paling sesuai untuk pendidikan kebangsaan sekarang dan masa yang akan datang.
IDENTITAS GURU PAI ABAD 21 YANG IDEAL PADA PEMBELAJARAN FIQH DI SEKOLAH DAN MADRASAH
Authors: Mansir Firman
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research explains that in 21st century, education is faces by some quite complex challenges. In this 21st century, advances in science and technology in all fields are increasingly narrowing the world. Compared to the previous century, in this century, professional teachers must have a wider range of competences. Teacher in 21st century must be able to improve personal skills, technical skills, social skills and pedagogical skills. Islamic Education teachers in 21st century are also expected to develop positive relationships with students and the school community using technology as a tool to raise teaching standards. Especially in learning Islamic religious education, in fiqh, an ideal or professional teacher is needed to form the skills of a teacher in building the enthusiasm of students in science, religion and technology. The ideal PAI teacher has the ability to develop and combine various learning strategies and methods to spur students' enthusiasm for learning because students nowadays know information very easily.  AbstrakPenelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pada abad 21 ini pendidikan dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan yang cukup kompleks. Pada abad 21 ini, kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di semua bidang semakin mempersempit dunia. Dibandingkan dengan abad yang sebelumnya, pada abad ini guru yang profesional harus mempunyai kompetensi yang lebih luas. Guru abad 21 ini harus mampu meningkatkan keterampilan pribadi, keterampilan teknis, keterampilan sosial dan keterampilan pedagogik. Guru PAI abad 21 juga diharapkan dapat mengembangkan hubungan positif dengan peserta didik dan komunitas sekolah, menggunakan teknologi sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan standar pengajaran. Terutama dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam, dalam fiqih guru yang ideal atau profesional sangat dibutuhkan untuk membentuk kecakapan seorang guru dalam membangun semangat peserta didik dalam hal sains, ilmu agama dan teknologi. Guru PAI yang ideal memiliki kemampuan untuk mengembangakan dan memadukan berbagai strategi dan metode belajar untuk memacu semangat belajar peserta didik, karena pada zaman saat ini peserta didik mengetahui infomasi-informasi dengan sangat mudah.
KEPEMIMPINAN KOLEKTIF BERBASIS CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT DI SMAIT ABU BAKAR BOARDING SCHOOL KULON PROGO
Authors: Fuadi Akhsanul
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research explores management patterns as the strategy of the SMAIT Abu Bakar Boarding School Kulon Progo School (SMAIT ABBS KP) in realizing to become superior schools, SMAIT ABBS KP has challenges in making it happen. This School applies the principle of collective leadership with a continuous improvement strategy to realize new schools that have excellence predicate in accreditation and are leading in the achievements, where management is based on local excellence namely the power of human resources to create new schools that excel in accreditation.This research is a qualitative study that describes in detail and in depth all conditions in a context, about something that happens in the field. The results showed that the SMAIT ABBS KP implements collective leadership with a continual improvement strategy to create a superior school, so that even though it was only established in 2017, a lot of achievements were achievedby SMAIT ABBS KP. Some of them are: (1) schools with a predicate with an accred itation score of 94 (A) (2) getting various kinds of championships, both in academic, religious and other non-academic fields, (3) the realization of a compact and harmonious work team as provision to achieve progressive achievements AbstrakPenelitian ini menggali pola managemen sebagai strategi SMAIT Abu Bakar Boarding School Kulon Progo (SMAIT ABBS KP) dalam mewujudkan sekolah yang unggul, karena sebagai sekolah baru, SMAIT BBS KP mempunyai tantangan dalam mewujudkannya. SMAIT ABBS KP menerapkan prinsip kepemimpinan kolektif dengan strategi continual improvement untuk mewujudkan sekolah baru yang berpredikat unggul dalam akreditasi dan terdepan dalam prestasi, di mana manajemen tersebut dilandaskan pada keunggulan lokal yaitu kekuatan SDM untuk mewujudkan sekolah baru yang unggul dalam akreditasi dan terdepan dalam prestasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang mendeskripsikan secara rinci dan mendalam segala potret kondisi dalam suatu konteks, tentang sesuatu yang terjadi di lapangan.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SMAIT ABBS KP menerapkan kepemimpinan kolektif dengan strategi continual improvement untuk mewujudkan sekolah yang unggul, sehingga walaupun baru berdiri tahun 2017 banyak prestasi yang sangat mengembirakan dan membanggakan di raih oleh SMAIT ABBS KP, karena sebagai sekolah yang baru 3 (tiga) tahun, telah berhasil meraih prestasi. Beberapa di antaranya adalah: (1) sekolah berpredikat unggul dalam akreditasi dengan meraih nilai 94 (A) (2) memperoleh berbagai macam kejuaraan, baik dalam bidang akademik, keagamaan dan non akademik lainnya, (3) terwujudnya tim kerja yang kompak dan harmonis sebagai bekal untuk melejitkan prestasi yang progressive.
Analisis Terhadap Kontrak Ijarah dalam Praktik Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Maulana Diky Faqih
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople who need funds can use financing services provided by Islamic financial institutions, one of which is ijarah financing. The provisions of ijarah have certainly been regulated, both theoretically and practically. However, have Islamic financial institutions implemented ijarah contract practices in accordance with existing regulations? Moreover, the clause in the contract, is each contract clause in accordance with the provisions of the ijarah contract and in accordance with Islamic principles? The results showed that the Ijarah Agreement Benefit Lease Financing Agreement Number:10669/IJR/IX/2012 as a whole is in accordance with the provisions of the DSN-MUI fatwa No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 regarding ijarah financing. However, there are some clauses that do not pay attention to the principles of the contract in Islamic law such as the principle of balance (mabda 'at-tawazun fi al-mua'wadah) and the principle of benefit (not burdensome). But apart from that, this contract is in accordance with the DSN Fatwa No.43/DSN-MU/VIII/2004 regarding Compensation (Ta'widh) and Fatwa DSN No.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 regarding Sanctions for Customers who Delay Payment. In dispute resolution also uses the concept of al-sulh (peace) recommended in Islam, as the Word of Allah in QS Al Hujurat verse 10. As well as fulfilling the principle of freedom of contract (mabda 'hurriyyat at-ta'aqud) which still pays attention to Islamic moral principles and order general syar'i in contracting. AbstrakMasyarakat yang membutuhkan dana bisa menggunakan jasa pembiayaan yang disediakan oleh lembaga keuangan syariah, salah satunya pembiayaan ijarah. Ketentuan ijarah tentunya telah diatur, baik secara teori maupun praktik. Akan tetapi, apakah lembaga keuangan syariah telah menerapkan praktik akad ijarah sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada? Terlebih klausul dalam kontrak, apakah setiap klausul kontrak telah sesuai dengan ketentuan akad ijarah serta sesuai dengan prinsip Islam? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Perjanjian Pembiayaan Sewa Manfaat Akad Ijarah Nomor:10669/IJR/IX/2012 secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan ketentuan fatwa DSN-MUI No.09/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang pembiayaan ijarah. Namun ada beberapa klausul yang kurang memperhatikan asas akad dalam hukum Islam seperti asas keseimbangan (mabda’ at-tawazun fi al-mua’wadah) dan asas kemaslahatan (tidak memberatkan). Namun diluar hal itu, kontrak ini telah sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN No. 43/DSN-MUI/VIII/2004 mengenai Ganti Rugi (Ta'widh) dan Fatwa DSN No.17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000 mengenai Sanksi atas Nasabah yang Menunda-nunda Pembayaran. Pada penyelesaian sengketa juga menggunakan konsep al-sulh (perdamaian) yang dianjurkan dalam Islam, sebagaimana Firman Allah dalam Q.S Al Hujurat ayat 10. Serta memenuhi asas kebebasan berkontrak (mabda’ hurriyyat at-ta’aqud) yang tetap memperhatikan kaidah akhlak Islam dan ketertiban umum syar’i dalam berkontrak.
Pembatalan Perkawinan dalam Tinjauan Sadd Al-Zari’ah
Authors: Hermanto Agus , Nurjanah Siti , Bunyamin Mahmudin
Published: May 2022

AbstractCancellation of marriage is something that often happens in our society, this can be due to a violation of customary law or because of other problems such as not getting permission from parents, even though a marriage can be canceled when there is a problem that causes prohibitions such as a lineage or deception which caused the marriage to be canceled. The problem is, how is the construction of marriage annulment in normative and positive legal studies in Indonesia, while this objective is to examine more deeply the concept of normative and positive law on the cancellation of marriage in Indonesia.This research is a type of library research research with a socio-philosophical approach to the prohibition patterns that exist in society and then also reviews the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Marriage cancellation can be done if it does not meet the requirements and harmony, this can be proposed by either the prospective husband or the prospective wife, this is also in line with law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage in article 72. Which is the legas regulation applied in Indonesia. AbstrakPembatalan perkawinan menjadi sesuatu yang kerap terjadi di masyarakat kita, hal ini bisa disebabkan karena adanya pelanggaran hukum adat atau karena adanya problem lain seperti tidak mendapatkan ijin dari orang tua, bahwan suatu perkawinan dapat dibatalkan manakala ada problem yang menyebabkan keharaman seperti adanya nasab atau adanya pembohongan yang menyebabkan perkawinan tersebut dibatalkan. Yang menjadi masalah adalah bagaimana konstruksi pembatalan perkawinan dalam kajian hukum normatif dan positif di Indonesia, adapun tujuan ini adalah menela’ah lebih mendalam terhadap konsep hukum normatif dan positif terhadap pembatalan perkawinan di Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian library reseach dengan pendekatan sosial filosofis terhadap corak larangan yang ada di masyarakat lalu kemudian dikaji tinjau pula dengan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Pembatalan perkawinan dapat dilakukan apabila tidak memenuhi syarat dan rukunnya, hal ini dapat diajukan baik oleh calon suami atau calon istri, hal ini juga seirama dengan undang undang nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan pada pasal 72. Yang merupakan peraturan legas yang diterapkan di Indonesia.
Analisis Maqasid Syariah dan Kesadaran Hukum Masyarakat terhadap Ijtihad Muhammadiah dalam Fatwa Tentang Haram Rokok
Authors: Chabiba Omiga , Sa'diyah Diana Lailatus
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe law of smoking in the view of Islamic law is still a matter of debate. This is because there is no legal basis for smoking in the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Smoking can also endanger health both for siper smokers and those exposed to secondhand smoke (passive smoking). Thus, the Tarjih Council and the Tajdid Muhammadiyah prohibited smoking because it contradicts the elements of the objective of the Shari'a (benefit) and contains a lot of harm. The method used in this research is literature, the nature of the research is analytic descriptive (collecting research data through documents and analyzing it with current conditions). The approach used is Nortmsative-Sociological. The methods used are Deductive and Inductive. Tarjih and Tajdid Council issued a fatwa in Decision No. 6/SM/MTT/III/2010 concerning the prohibition of smoking with the intent and purpose of the Shari'a, namely, it is obligatory to immediately seek maintenance in order to realize the benefit of mankind. This fatwa is implemented gradually with ease and without complication. This is because this fatwa is binding only to the extent of being morally binding, so it still needs public awareness and understanding in order to stop smoking for the benefit of themselves and others. This fatwa is also applied to active maqasid sharia. AbstrakMerokok dalam pandangan hukum Islam masih menjadi pro dan kontra di masyarakat . Hal ini karena tidak ada landasan syariat atas permasalahan mengenai merokok dalam Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Merokok juga dapat membahayakan kesehatan baik bagi perokok maupun orang yang berada di sekitar pe rokok (perokok pasif). Sehingga, Muhammadiyah dalam Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid mengharamkan rokok karena bertentangan dengan unsur-unsur tujuan syariat (kemaslahatan) dan banyak mengandung mudharat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepustakaan, sifat penelitiannya diskriptif analitik (mengumpulkan data penelitian melalui dokumen dan menganalisis dengan kondisi yang terjadi saat ini). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Nortmatif-Sosiologis. Metode yang digunakan adalah Deduktif dan Induktif. Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid mengeluarkan fatwa dalam Putusan No. 6/SM/MTT/III/2010 tentang haram merokok yang bertujuan untuk mencapai syariat yaitu, hukumnya wajib untuk  melakukan upaya-upaya pemeliharaan guna mewujudkan kemaslahatan umat manusia. Fatwa ini diterapkan secara berangsur, kemudahan, dan tidak mempersulit. Hal tersebut karena fatwa ini bersifat mengikat hanya sebatas mengikat secara moral, sehingga tetap butuh kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat agar berhenti merokok demi kemaslahatan diri dan orang lain. Fatwa ini juga diterapkan untuk mencapai maqasid syariah.
Kajian Kritis Terhadap Fatwa MUI Tahun 1981 Tentang Iddah Wafat Dan Relevansinya Bagi Wanita Karir
Authors: Jannah Shofiatul , Mahmudi Zaenul
Published: May 2022

AbstractIddah is a woman's obligation after divorce from her husband, either divorce or divorce. The MUI fatwa regarding iddah died in 1981 which decided First, the ability to go out of the house for women who are carrying out iddah is a matter of khilafiyyah, second, choosing the opinion of the majority of scholars, namely it is not permissible for women during the iddah period to leave the house at night, even to carry out the pilgrimage. The fatwa does not explain in detail about the period of the iddah of death and the sentence can lead to many interpretations. In addition, is the fatwa still relevant to the current context where many women work in various public sectors. For these reasons, it is important to review the MUI fatwa on the iddah of death. This research is a library research with a normative approach and uses a qualitative method, namely by observing and reviewing the MUI fatwa on the iddah of death as well as its relevance for career women. The results of this study are that there is a conflict between the MUI fatwa and the text of the Qur'an, Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 concerning the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. Regarding the relevance of the MUI fatwa to the iddah period of career women, the fatwa does provide space not to carry out iddah during the day, but must remain in the corridor of Islamic law. So that Shari'a can still be carried out without negating the rights and obligations of both social and individual. AbstrakIddah merupakan kewajiban seorang wanita setelah bercerai dengan suaminya baik cerai talak atau cerai mati.  Fatwa MUI tentang iddah wafat tahun 1981 yang memutuskan Pertama, kebolehan keluar rumah bagi wanita yang sedang menjalankan iddah adalah masalah khilafiyyah kedua, memilih pendapat jumhur ulama yaitu tidak bolehnya wanita dalam masa idaah untuk keluar rumah di malam hari, sekalipun untuk melaksanakan ibadah haji. Fatwa tersebut tidak menjelaskan secara rinci tentang masa iddah wafat dan kalimat tersebut dapat menimbulkan banyak penafsiran. Selain itu apakah fatwa tersebut masih relevan dengan konteks saat ini dimana banyak wanita yang bekerja di berbagai sektor publik. Karena beberapa alasan tersebut menjadi penting untuk mengkaji kembali fatwa MUI tentang iddah wafat. Adapun penelitian ini merupakan kepustakaan (library reseacrh) dengan pendekatan normatif dan menggunakan metode kualititatif yaitu dengan mengamati dan mengkaji fatwa MUI tentang iddah wafat juga relevansinya bagi wanita karir. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ada pertentangan antara fatwa MUI dan nash al-Qur’an, Peraturan pemerintah no 9 tahun 1975 tentan pelaksanaan undang-undang nomor 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan. Terkait relevansi fatwa MUI dengan masa iddah wanita karir, fatwa tersebut memang memberikan ruang untuk tidak melaksanakan iddah di siang hari, akan tetapi harus tetap pada koridor syari’at Islam. Sehingga syari’at tetap dapat dijalankan tanpa meniadakan hak dan kewajiban baik sosial ataupun individu.
Integrated Approach Improves Completion Reliability Using Compact Horizontal Wellhead
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 20201, “Improving Completion Reliability by Integrating ESPs, Intelligent Completion, and Zonal Downhole Monitoring With a Compact Horizontal Wellhead,” by Suresh Jacob, SPE, Maithem Al-Nakhli, SPE, and Muhammad Munir, SPE, Saudi Aramco. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The complete paper presents an oilwell completion integrating multilaterals, intelligent completions, permanent downhole monitoring systems, electric submersible pumps (ESPs), and a horizontal wellhead system. The paper discusses the completion drivers and design, individual equipment, preparation, field experience during installation, and performance of the system during production. The completion has been installed successfully and its lessons are being applied in the design of future installations.

Background

The well was drilled in a field comprising two main stacked reservoirs separated by a thick nonporous impermeable mudstone barrier. The two reservoirs are in an asymmetrical anticline structure sharing the same oil/water contact. The two reservoirs have a common pressure gradient and similar crude oil properties while having different petrophysical properties, with one reservoir having twice the productivity of the other. Both reservoirs were developed simultaneously using peripheral water injection with horizontal injector and producer wells. Dedicated producer and injector wells targeting individual reservoirs were drilled because of the differences in productivity and the areal extent between the reservoirs. ESPs were installed in all producers to increase rates and to transport fluid to surface facilities.

Multilateral wells were drilled to increase production rate and to decrease pressure drawdown. These wells were drilled as TAML Level 2 wells, with openhole laterals drilled from a cemented liner. An intelligent completion allowed the production from each lateral to be controlled remotely from the surface.

While both ESPs and intelligent completions are widely used in the industry, the integration of these technologies in the same well is rare because of the difference in operating cycles for the two systems. A well with both ESPs and intelligent completions should be designed to allow periodic ESP workovers while retaining the intelligent-completion equipment within the wellbore for the life of the well. The downhole-disconnection tool is a key enabler in the integration of ESPs and intelligent completions. However, the high level of operational planning and precision required to reconnect the control lines after ESP workover and the absence of downhole sensors in the intelligent completion prompted the design of an ESP/intelligent-completion integration without the downhole wet-connect tool.
Technology Focus: History Matching and Forecasting (April 2022)
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2022

This year’s history matching and forecasting selections, made by reviewer Gopi Nalla of DeGolyer and MacNaughton, reflect the importance of accurate and innovative methodology in the approach toward development of unconventional or challenging plays, from tight oil to highly heterogeneous gas fields to coalbed methane.

The authors of paper URTEC 208352 evaluate and compare the performance of rate-normalization and pressure-deconvolution techniques for both synthetic and tight-oil examples. While the synopsis is devoted mostly to the authors’ work in applying these techniques to synthetic cases, much of the complete paper is devoted to tight-oil examples. Ultimately, the authors recommend the pressure-deconvolution approach generally.

In paper SPE 207933, the authors apply an integrated approach of using reservoir pressure/gas compressibility (P/Z) calculations to obtain a field gas initially in place (FGIIP) estimation that is then incorporated into an integrated asset model. The technique is applied to a giant onshore gas field. The authors conclude that the new FGIIP estimation can be applied as a reference to re-review the static modeling legacy and to narrow static modeling uncertainties, leading to reliable forecasting and more-efficient field development.

An application of the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother to a scenario involving horizontal coalbed-methane wells for a low-permeability field in Australia is the subject of paper URTEC 208291. A forecast study was conducted to validate the history-matched ensemble, with the results showing a good match of 12 months of the new production data not used in history matching, highlighting the robust prediction capabilities of the presented approach.

SPE papers continue to a be a vital resource for industry professionals; arguably, such work is more important than ever as the industry and the world adjusts to new modes of collaboration and realities in both the office and the field. I invite you to read the full text of these papers on OnePetro and to find further recent works that advance the literature of this specialized but critical Tech Focus topic.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

URTEC 208361 - Effect of Relative Permeability on Modeling of Shale Oil and Gas Production by Hamid Behmanesh, University of Calgary, et al.

SPE 204835 - Successful Case Study of Machine-Learning Application To Streamline and Improve History-Matching Process for Complex Gas-Condensate Reservoirs in Hai Thach Field, Offshore Vietnam by Son Hoang, Bien Dong Petroleum Operating Company, et al.

SPE 207855 - Unleashing the Potential of Relative Permeability Using Artificial Intelligence by Abdur Rahman Shah, Schlumberger, et al.
Comparison of two surgical approaches for acute type A aortic dissection: Hybrid Debranching Versus Total Arch Replacement
Authors: Huang Feng , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Zili , Li Chunping , Ren Fei
Published: May 2022

Background
The goal of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk surgery and hybrid debranching surgery for acute type A aortic dissection patients.
Methods
From January 2017 to December 2019, the clinical data of acute type A aortic dissection patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. There were 142 patients underwent total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk surgery and 35 patients underwent hybrid debranching surgery.
Result
The age, the body mass index and the renal insufficiency of patients in the hybrid group were higher than those in the total arch replacement (TAR) group (all P<0.01). The operation time, the cardiopulmonary bypass time and the aortic occlusion time of patients in the TAR group were significantly longer than those in the hybrid group (all P<0.01). Patients in the debranching group had shorter ventilator-assisted breathing time, shorter postoperative hospital stay time and shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay time. The incidence of pulmonary infection and transient neurological dysfunction were lower, and the transfusions of red blood cells and plasma during the perioperative period were smaller. The survival rates at 2 years were 91.9% and 85.9% in the TAR and hybrid groups, respectively.
Conclusion
Hybrid debranching operation is a safe and effective method for acute type A aortic dissection. Compared with TAR surgery, hybrid debranching surgery has the characteristics of less trauma, rapid recovery and lower incidence of complication.
Spatial Analysis of Malaria Hotspots in Dilla Sub-Watershed: Western Ethiopia
Authors: Ofgeha Gemechu Y.
Published: May 2022

The study was aimed to examine the spatial variations in malaria hotspots along Dilla sub-watershed in western Ethiopia based on environmental factors for the incidences; and compare risk level among districts and their respective kebeles. Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency based meteorological data, digital elevation model, soil and hydrological data were used. Different spatial analysis tools and Software were used for watershed delineation, generating malaria risk map for all variables, reclassification of factors, weighted overlay analysis and generation of risk maps. The findings of the study reveal that all districts and kebeles have different level of malaria risk due to variation in their environmental conditions. Accordingly, significant areas in Guliso, Aira, Boji Chokorsa, Boji Dirmaji, Jarso, Najo, Gawo Kebe, and Dale Wabera are characterized as high and moderately exposed to malaria risk. More specifically, about 14 kebeles of Aira, 12 kebeles of Guliso, 8 kebeles of Jarso, 8 kebeles of Najo, 4 kebeles of Boji Chokorsa, 4 kebeles of Boji Birmaji were highly and moderately exposed to the risk. In general, out of the total area of the watershed which accounts 2773 km2, about 54.8% (1522km2) identified as high and moderate malaria risk area. The research output may help the government and humanitarian organizations to prioritize the interventions based on identified spatial variations in malaria severity. The research is aimed only for hotspot analysis which may not provide comprehensive account for community’s vulnerability to malaria. Thus, this research finding needs to be integrated with the socio-economic and other data for better malaria management in the area.
Data analysis and research reveal the reasons why China still adheres to its “dynamic zero-COVID policy”
Authors: Dai Yeyu , Dai Bingxi
Published: May 2022

A complete and accurate statistical analysis of cases of contraction with SARS-CoV-2 are given under the conditions of strict mandatory quarantine and isolation and of a high rate of full vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 is still new, and little is known about either its direction of variation or its propagation laws. China has been attacked by its largest outbreaks of COVID-19 since March. Pervasive arguments arose among people in China and around the world. Here we reveal the essential reasons why China has been and will be adhering to its “dynamic zero-COVID policy” which stands in contrast to a global trend towards easing restrictions and attempting to co-exist with the circulating virus, including the choice uniqueness, morbidity differences in different cities, unpredictability, worries of sudden impact to medical system, successful reducing to zero the number of each active chain of transmission and outstanding economy achievements, etc. This study provides first-hand valuable information for further research on similar epidemics in the future. It may bring new thoughts for correction of present epidemiological theory and mathematical models, as well as new theoretical supports for the prevention policy making. It may also give other countries time to be better prepared for the coming 6th wave driven by Omicron BA.2.
Construction of a P–N–Si flame retardant coating on the cotton fabric with the integration of biomass carbon dots and ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Xue Baoxia , Shi Yiran , Zhang Chunyan , Niu Mei , Yang Yongzhen
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the flame retardant performance of cotton fabric, a kind of biomass carbon dots (CDs) particles were interspersed in the ammonium polyphosphate (APP) layer to achieve a new efficient CDs-based APP (CDs-APP) composite flame retardant by the integration technology. Then the CDs-APP layer was coated on the surface of cotton fabric. The microstructure and thermal stability of CDs-APP particle were characterized by the Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mass ratio of CDs to APP was 15.52%, which contains the C, O, N, Si and P elements, accounting for the 28.86%, 42.29%, 19.01%, 2.58% and 6.26%, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism of CDs-APP was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, cone calorimetry (CONE), thermogravimetric and thermogravimetric-infrared analysis. The results showed that, when the content of CDs-APP was about 10%, the LOI value of cotton fabric rose to 36.1%. The burning time and damage length have reduced to 4.5 s, 5.6 cm, respectively. And the fabric achieved B1 level. The addition of CDs-APP decreased the total heat release, heat release rate, total smoke emission and smoke emission rate of cotton fabric, among the peak-heat release rate has decreased by 55.78%. By quantifying the flame retardant modes of CDs-APP, it displayed the superposition of physical barrier effect, flame inhibition effect and catalytic charring effect, accounting for 45.96%, 8.62% and 47.85%, respectively.
Correlations between APOE4 allele and regional amyloid and tau burdens in cognitively normal older individuals
Authors: Hong Yun Jeong , Kim Chanmi , Lee Jae Hong , Sepulcre Jorge
Published: May 2022

Background:
The correlations between apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) status and regional amyloid, tau, and cortical thickness in cognitively normal elderly are not fully understood. Our cross-sectional study aimed to compare regional amyloid/tau burden, and cortical thickness according to APOE4 carrier status and assess correlations between APOE4 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related biomarker burdens.
Methods:
We analyzed 185 cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Participants aged 55–90 with normal cognitive function were divided into amyloid ꞵ-positive (Aß+) APOE4 carriers (group 1, n = 27), Aß+ APOE4 non-carriers (group 2, n = 29), and Aß- normal controls (group 0, n = 129). We compared amyloid depositions, tau depositions, and cortical thickness among the 3 groups and assessed correlations between APOE4 existence and imaging biomarkers adjusted for age and sex.
Results:
The participants in group 2 were older than those in the other groups. The regional amyloid/tau standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) did not differ between groups 1 and 2, but the amyloid/tau SUVRs in most regions were numerically higher (especially in the younger (< 70) participants) in group 1 than group 2 after adjusting for age difference. APOE4 allele had robust correlations with increased amyloid burden in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical areas after adjustment for age and sex, but it had weaker and mixed correlations with the regional tau burden and did not have significant correlation with cortical thickness.
Conclusions:
We identified that the presence of APOE4 allele might be more highly associated with amyloid deposition than with other AD-related biomarkers such as tau or cortical thickness, especially in the younger group below 70 in cognitively normal elderly.
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 deficiency inhibits drug-induced cell death in breast cancer cells: switch from cytochrome C-dependent apoptosis to necroptosis.
Authors: McAleese Courtney , Butcher Neville , Minchin Rod
Published: May 2022

Purpose Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) deficiency has been associated with drug resistance and poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. The current study aimed to investigate drug resistance in vitro using normal breast cancer cell lines and NAT1 deficient cell lines to understand the changes induced by the lack of NAT1 that resulted in poor drug response. Methods The response to seven chemotherapeutic agents was quantified following NAT1 deletion using CRISPR-Cas 9 in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells. Apoptosis was monitored by annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Cytochrome C release and caspase 8 and 9 activities were measured by Western blots. Caspase 8 was inhibited using Z-IETD-FMK and necroptosis was inhibited using necrostatin and necrosulfonamide.Results Compared to parental cells, NAT1 deficient cells were resistant to drug treatment. This could be reversed following NAT1 rescue of the NAT1 deleted cells. Release of cytochrome C in response to treatment was decreased in the NAT1 deficient cells, suggesting suppression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, NAT1 knockout resulted in a decrease in caspase 8 activation. Treatment with necrosulfonamide showed that NAT1 deficient cells switched from intrinsic apoptosis to necroptosis when treated with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Conclusions NAT1 deficiency can switch cell death from apoptosis to necroptosis resulting in decreased response to cytotoxic drugs. The absence of NAT1 in patient tumours may be a useful biomarker for selecting alternative treatments in a subset of breast cancer patients.
Association of rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms at IL28B gene with chronic hepatitis B and C, and non-viral liver disease patients IL28B rs8099917 G risk factor for hepatitis B patients
Authors: ÇAKAL BÜLENT , ÇAVUŞ BİLGER , Atasoy Alp , Altunok Damla , Poda Mehveş , Bulakçı Mesut , Güllüoğlu Mine , Demirci MEHMET , Şener Leyla Türker , Arslan Aslı Berru , Akyüz Filiz
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ensemble genetic machine learning identifies Multiple Sclerosis genetic loci associated with future worsening of disability
Authors: Fuh-Ngwa Valery , Zhou Yuan , Melton Phillip E. , Mei Ingrid van der , Charlesworth Jac C. , Lin Xin , Zarghami Amin , Broadley Simon A. , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Simpson-Yap Steve , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Taylor Bruce V.
Published: May 2022

Limited studies have been conducted to identify and validate multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic loci associated with disability progression. We aimed to identify MS genetic loci associated with worsening of disability over time, and to develop and validate ensemble genetic learning model(s) to identify people with MS (PwMS) at risk of future worsening. We examined associations of 208 previously established MS genetic loci with the risk of worsening of disability; we learned ensemble genetic decision rules and validated the predictions in an external dataset. We found 7 genetic loci (rs7731626: HR = 0.92, P = 2.4x10− 5; rs12211604: HR = 1.16, P = 3.2x10− 7; rs55858457: HR = 0.93, P = 3.7x10− 7; rs10271373: HR = 0.90, P = 1.1x10− 7; rs11256593: HR = 1.13, P = 5.1x10− 57; rs12588969: HR = 1.10, P = 2.1x10− 10; rs1465697: HR = 1.09, P = 1.7x10− 128) associated with worsening of disability; most of which are located near or tagged to 13 genomic regions enriched in peptide hormones and steroids biosynthesis pathways by positional and eQTL mapping. The derived ensembles provided a set of genetic decision rules that can be translated to provide additional prognostic values to existing clinical predictions, with the additional benefit of incorporating relevant genetic information into clinical decision making for PwMS. The present study extends our knowledge of MS progression genetics and provides the basis of future studies regarding the functional significance of the identified loci.
Presynchronization with simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α 7 days prior to Ovsynch improves reproductive profile in Hariana zebu cow
Authors: Saini Gitesh , Kumar Sandeep , Pandey Anand Kumar , Singh Harender , Virmani Meenakshi
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to assess the impact of simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α 7 days prior to Ovsynch in Hariana cow. Two hundred cyclic cows (> 4 months postpartum) were assigned to Control (n = 54) and Pre-OV (n = 146). As per Ovsynch protocol, Buserelin acetate (10µg), Cloprostenol (500µg) and Buserelin acetate (10µg) were injected i.m. on day 0, 7 and 9, respectively in cows irrespective of treatment. But in Pre-OV cows, Buserelin acetate (10µg) and Cloprostenol (500µg) were also injected i.m. simultaneously 7 days prior to initiate Ovsynch protocol. Artificial insemination was performed between 18–24 hours after 2nd GnRH of Ovsynch in the both treatments. Ultrasonography and blood sampling for hormonal analysis was done on each day of treatment, on day of AI and 12 days post-AI. Pre-OV treatment resulted to increased (45.20% vs 29.62%; P < 0.05) pregnancy outcomes, higher (P < 0.01) ovulation rate to first GnRH of Ovsynch than control. Cows showing complete luteolysis in response to PGF2α of Ovsynch were also higher (P < 0.05) in Pre-OV than control. Greater (P < 0.05) synchronization rate was recorded in Pre-OV than control (86.76% and 68.75%). The circulating conc. of estradiol on day of AI and progesterone on day 12 post-AI were higher (P < 0.01) in cows diagnosed pregnant than non-pregnant in both control and Pre-OV treatment. In conclusion, simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α 7 days before Ovsynch improved the synchronization rate, luteal profile in terms of CL area and hence resulted in higher conception rate in Hariana zebu cow.
Would you own a ROBOT? : A detailed research on public response to the nooks and crannies of owning a robot.
Authors: Dahal Ashim
Published: May 2022

The utility aspects of robots in our day to day tasks have been diminished over the fear ofthem taking over humanity, especially thanks to unrealistic movies. But how much shouldthe public care about having or owning a robot? What tasks do we want robots to do?Which workforce do we want a robot to join? What are the privacy concerns of owning arobot? And given the circumstances of an economy sustained by our automated metalfriends, will we still want to continue our jobs? In this research, we find answers to all thesequestions.