bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic myotomy in achalasia cardia treatment: Experience after 36 operations
Authors: Bjelovic Milos , Spica Bratislav , Gunjic Dragan , Grujic Danko , Skrobic Ognjan , Babic Tamara , Pesko Predrag
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Laparoscopic Heller?Dor operation, a standard method in the
treatment of achalasia, has been performed at the Center for Esophageal
Surgery of the First Surgical Clinic since April 2006. Objective. The aim of
this study was to present this surgical procedure and initial experiences
after 36 consecutive laparoscopic Heller?Dor operations. Methods. This partly
retrospective, partly prospective study presented our results after
laparoscopic Heller?Dor operation (presentation of the treatment method). We
performed a standard anterior esophagocardioymiotomy, without releasing the
posterior aspect of the cardia, and anterior partial fundoplication. The
type and severity of symptoms and their duration were evaluated based on
questionnaires fulfilled by patients. The diagnosis was made based on
radiological, endoscopic and manometric findings. Laparoscopic surgery as the
method of treatment was evaluated based on the duration of surgery, intra?
and postoperative complications, time interval until the initiation of oral
feeding, length of hospital stay, need for additional therapeutic measures
after the operation and effect of surgery on the severity of symptoms.
Results. Preopereratively, dysphagia was the predominant symptom in all
patients, while regurgitation was much lower (44%). The average duration of
operation was 127 minutes. Postoperative hospitalization lasted on the
average 5.7 days. From 36 treated patients, 34 (94.4%) considered that the
effect of treatment was good or excellent. Postoperative dysphagia was
present in two patients (5.6%) and was successfully solved by balloon
dilatation. Conclusion. Laparoscopic Heller?Dor operation is an effective and
safe surgical procedure in resolving symptoms of achalasia and today presents
the method of the first choice in the treatment of this disease.
Importance of adherence for efficacy of hepatitis C combined therapy
Authors: Nozic Darko , Delic Dragan , Bozic Milena , Fabri Milotka , Svorcan Petar , Konstantinovic Ljiljana
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Dual antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and
ribavirin leads do sustained elimination of hepatitis C virus infection in
over 50% patients with genotypes 1 and 4 and in over 80% with genotypes 2 and
3. In addition to genotype, for predicting success of therapy, important
factors are baseline HCV RNA level, age, sex, stage of fibrosis, insulin
resistance, degree of fat in liver, and patient?s weight and genetics. Also,
adherence to therapy could be a very important factor associated with success
of therapy. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess importance of
therapy adherence and reduced doses of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and
ribavirin on sustained virological response. Methods. One hundred and sixteen
patients with chronic hepatitis C were analyzed. Sustained virological
response was analyzed in relation to whether the patients received a full
cumulative dose of pegylated interferon alfa-2a, a full cumulative dose of
pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin, and a full cumulative dose of
pegylated interferon alfa-2a and at least 60% the expected cumulative dose of
ribavirin. Results. At the end of the follow-up period, sustained virological
response was achieved in 26 (96.3%) patients who received full cumulative
dose of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and in 66 (74.2%) who did not (p<0.05).
Sustained virological response was achieved in 18 (94.7%) patients who
received full cumulative dose of pegylated inteferon alfa-2a and ribavirin,
and in 73 (76%) who did not (p<0.05). Sustained virological response was
achieved in 25 (96.2%) patients who received full cumulative dose of
pegylated inteferon alfa-2a and at least 60% of cumulative dose of ribavirin
and in 66 (74.2%) who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion. These findings indicate
that adherence to therapy for chronic hepatitis C is a very important factor
for achieving sustained virological response.
Pulmonary embolism as a cause of cardiac arrest: Hypothermia in post-resuscitation period (cooling therapy)
Authors: Nikovic Vuk , Lagner Anton , Kojic Dejan
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Pulmonary embolism as a possible cause of acute heart failure
is a potentially fatal condition that can cause death in all age groups.
Patients successfully resuscitated after cardiac arrest have a high risk of
increased mortality and their poor long?term outcome is often associated with
severe neurological complications. Case Outline. This is a case report of a
67?year?old man after a successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which
was followed by therapeutic hypothermia (TH). The patient visited the
dermatological outpatients? department with clinical presentation of pain and
swelling of the right leg, shortness of breath and chest pain. During
examination the patient lost consciousness, stopped breathing and had cardiac
arrest. ECG was done which registered asystole. We began CPR. After 59
minutes of resuscitation return of heartbeat was achieved. The patient was
transported to the Emergency Department. On admission, after computerized
tomography (CT) of the chest confirmed massive pulmonary embolism (PE), the
patient was administered thrombolytic therapy with Metalyse (tenecteplase)
and anti?coagulation therapy (heparin). After stabilization, therapeutic
hypothermia was applied. Combination of EMCOOLSpad on the chest and abdomen
and cold Ringer lactate 500 ml at 4?C was flushed. Temperature was decreased
to 33?C and kept stabile for 24 hours. After eight days the patient was
conscious with a minimal neurological deficit. Conclusion. As shown in this
case report, and according to the rich experience elsewhere, cooling therapy
after out?of?hospital cardiac arrest and successful CRP may be useful in
preventing neurological complications.
Term pregnancy after minimally invasive surgical treatment of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome
Authors: Mirkovic Ljiljana , Ljubic Aleksandar , Janjic Tijana , Milicevic Srboljub , Sparic Radmila , Jeremic Katarina , Pantovic Sveto , Milenkovic Vera
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral
renal agenesis represents a complex congenital anomaly, also known in the
literature as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome. Case Outline. A
16?year?old patient presented with secondary amenorrhoea and abdominal pain.
Her history revealed anorexia nervosa; she had menarche at the age of 14; her
menstrual cycles were regular, with progressive dysmenorrhoea. Nine months
after the explorative laparotomy performed at the regional healthcare center
there was no a definitive diagnosis. Pelvic examination showed a paravaginal
pelvic mass located on the right side. Magnetic resonance imaging of the
abdomen and pelvis confirmed the diagnosis of HWW syndrome. Transvaginal
excision and marsupialisation of the vaginal septum were performed. Regular
menstrual cycles were resumed after four years following the treatment of
anorexia nervosa. Twelve years after the operation, the patient conceived
spontaneously; pregnancy developed in the left non?obstructed uterus. She
underwent Cesarean section at the 37th gestational week and gave birth to a
healthy female infant. Conclusion. HWW syndrome is an uncommon cause of
abdominal pain and progressive menstrual discomfort shortly after menarche.
It is therefore essential to maintain a high index of suspicion of the
existence of this syndrome in such cases, since prompt and adequate treatment
prevents the development of complications and allows for preservation of the
reproductive potential of both hemiuteri.
Basis of bone strength vs. bone fragility: A review of determinants of age-related hip fracture risk
Authors: Djonic Danijela , Milovanovic Petar , Djuric Marija
Published: November 2013

The burden of hip fractures in elderly population has been growing worldwide.
A particular focus has been directed towards identifying persons at high risk
of fracture. However, bone mineral density (BMD), which is currently used in
clinical settings as an indicator of risk of age-related fracture, cannot
explain all fracture cases in the elderly. In fact, the risk of hip fractures
in the elderly is associated with numerous bone features that degrade bone
strength. This review focuses on complexity of bone features that could
account for increased bone fragility in advanced age. Besides a decrease in
BMD, various macroscopic and microscopic structural parameters, as well as
the material of which the bone is composed, are subject to age-related
changes. Therefore, in order to have a more thorough assessment of the
fracture risk, it is essential to provide integrative approaches that combine
BMD measure with other relevant bone features.
The role of psychiatry in family violence treatment
Authors: Nastasic Petar , Hrncic Jasna , Brkic Miroslav
Published: November 2013

The aim of the paper is reassessment of the role of psychiatry in the
treatment of family violence within the context of contemporary approaches
and researches. There are prejudices in the general and professional public
that perpetrators of family violence are usually persons with mental
disorders and that psychiatry is primarily in charge of their treatment; it
has been shown that severe mental disorders do not increase the risk of
violence. Application of classical psychiatrics approach to family violence
treatment is discussed, as well as the roles of psychiatry in current
theoretical and therapeutic approaches to this issue, including systemic
family therapy, social psychiatry primarily concerned with their treatment.
Studies have shown that severe mental disorders do not increase ecology,
unwillingness therapy and model of protection of family violence victims that
is developed in Serbia.
Ultrastructural changes of the peritoneum in a rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Jovanovic Natasa , Zunic-Bozinovski Snezana , Trpinac Dusan , Lausevic Zeljko , Krstic Slobodan , Opric Dejan , Trbojevic-Stankovic Jasna , Stojimirovic Biljana
Published: November 2013

Background/Aim. The number of patients with end-stage renal diseases treated
with chronic dialysis is increasing over the last years. Long-term peritoneal
dialysis is associated with progressive development of structural and
functional alterations of peritoneal membrane. The aim of the study was to
analyze ultrastructural alterations of mesothelial monolayer and
submesothelial tissue in a modified nonuremic experimental model of
peritoneal dialysis in rabbits. Methods. The study was performed on 5 healthy
Chinchilla rabbits. Surgical procedures of implantation and removal of
peritoneal catheter, prevention of catheter clothing, prevention of infection
and dialysate instillation were performed according to previously described
protocols. Peritoneal tissue samples were collected upon catheter placement
and removal after a 5-week follow-up and processed for transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) examination. Results. The rabbits tolerated anesthesia,
surgical procedure and the applied regimen of dialysate instillations well.
The animals recovered completely and no adverse effects were noted. In the
animals treated with peritoneal dialysis instillations, TEM revealed
alterations of the mesothelial monolayer and submesothelial tissue. The
mesothelial cells in direct contact with dialysis fluid were prone to
shrinking. They lost the typical cobblestone morphology and assumed a
flattened shape. The mesothelial cells were often detached from the basement
membrane. These cells showed euchromatic nuclei, higher number of microvilli
in their apical part and very numerous vesicles. A higher quantity of
collagen fibers was noticed in the peritoneal lamina propria in close
relation to the basement membrane of mesothelium. The nuclei of the
fibroblasts were also euchromatic. Numerous mitochondria, granules and
vesicles were present in their cytoplasm. Conclusion. The used rabbit model
of peritoneal dialysis is simple, practical to perform, reproducible, not
expensive and not requiring advanced devices. It is suitable for obtaining
peritoneal tissue samples for histological examination and can be used to
analyze the effects of dialysis solutions on the rabbit peritoneal membrane.
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neonates with haemolytic disease and immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Markovic-Sovtic Gordana , Jankovic Borisav , Rakonjac Zorica , Martic Jelena , Pejic Katarina
Published: November 2013

Background/Aim. Intravenous immunoglobulin is a blood product made of human
polyclonal immunoglobulin G. The mode of action of intravenous immunoglobulin
is very complex. It is indicated in treatment of neonatal immune
thrombocytopenia and haemolytic disease of the newborn. The aim of the study
was to present our experience in the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in a
group of term neonates. Methods. We analysed all relevant clinical and
laboratory data of 23 neonates who recieved intravenous immunoglobulin during
their hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mother and Child
Health Care Institute over a five year period, from 2006. to 2010. Results.
There were 11 patients with haemolytic disease of the newborn and 12 neonates
with immune thrombocytopenia. All of them recieved 1-2 g/kg intravenous
immunoglobulin in the course of their treatment. There was no adverse effects
of intravenous immunoglobulin use. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin led
to an increase in platelet number in thrombocytopenic patients, whereas in
those with haemolytic disease serum bilirubin level decreased significantly,
so that some patients whose bilirubin level was very close to the exchange
transfusion criterion, avoided this procedure. Conclusion. The use of
intravenous immunoglobulin was shown to be an effective treatment in reducing
the need for exchange transfusion, duration of phototherapy and the length of
hospital stay in neonates with haemolytic disease. When used in treatment of
neonatal immune thrombocytopenia, it leads to an increase in the platelet
number, thus decreasing the risk of serious complications of
thrombocytopenia.
Causes of rhabdomyolysis in acute poisonings
Authors: Jankovic Snezana , Jovic-Stosic Jasmina , Vucinic Slavica , Perkovic-Vukcevic Natasa , Vukovic-Ercegovic Gordana
Published: November 2013

Background/Aim. Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is potentially lethal syndrome, but there
are no enough published data on its frequency and characteristics in acute
poisonings. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and severity of
RM in acute poisonings. Methods. Patients hospital charts were
retrospectively screened during a one-year period in order to identify
patients with RM among 656 patients treated due to acute poisonings with
different agents. All the patients with RM were selected. Entrance criterion
was the value of creatine kinase (CK) over 250 U/L. The severity of RM was
assessed according to the Poison Severity Score. The patients were divided
into three groups: the first one with mild RM (CK from 250 to 1,500 U/L), the
second with moderate RM (CK from 1,500 to 10,000 U/L) and the third with
severe RM (CK greater than 10,000 U/L). Results. RM occurred in 125 (19%) of
the patients with acute poisonings. It was mainly mild (61%), or moderate
(36%), and only in 3% of the patients was severe RM. The incidence of RM was
the highest in poisonings with opiates (41%), pesticides (38%), neuroleptics
(26%), anticonvulsants (26%), ethyl alcohol (20%), and gases (19%).
Psychotropic agents were the most common causes of poisoning, and
consequently of RM. Fatal outcomes were registered in 32 (25.60%) of all RM
patients. The incidence of fatal outcomes in poisonings with mild, moderate
and severe RM was 19.73%, 31.11% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion. RM
syndrome occurs at a relatively high rate in acute poisonings. Although
agent?s toxicity is crucial for the outcome, severe RM and its complications
may significantly influence the clinical course and prognosis of poisoning.
Routine analysis of CK, as a relevant marker for RM may indicate the
development of RM in acute poisoning and initiate prompt therapeutic measures
in preventing acute renal failure as the most frequent consequence of
extensive rhabdomyolysis.
Group art therapy as adjunct therapy for the treatment of schizophrenic patients in day hospital
Authors: Mandic-Gajic Gordana
Published: November 2013

Introduction. The schizophrenics are frequently disinterested and resistant
to standard care. Case report. We presented clinical observations of group
art therapy of two schizophrenic patients during integrative therapy in Day
Hospital. We modified the original ?Synallactic collective image technique?
(Vassiliou G, Vassiliou V.). The group is open, heterogeneous, meets once a
week and discusses on exhibited drawings, drawn by free associations. The
patients' drawings and group protocols showed clinical improvement by
lowering depressive themes, more human figures and self-confidence. The
obvious severity of markedly impairment on Clinical Global Impression (CGI)
and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales on admission with minimal
improvement at discharge was rated. Conclusion. Group art therapy enables
visual expression of emotions, perceptions and cognitions, develops creative
potentials and support within the group, thus facilitating the integrative
therapeutic process of schizophrenics. It may be useful adjunctive therapy
for schizoprenic patients.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Promotes Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Response to Nutrient Excess in Rats Through mTOR and FOXM1
Authors: Zarrouki Bader , Benterki Isma , Fontés Ghislaine , Peyot Marie-Line , Seda Ondrej , Prentki Marc , Poitout Vincent
Published: November 2013

The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the compensatory increase in β-cell mass in response to insulin resistance are essentially unknown. We previously reported that a 72-h coinfusion of glucose and Intralipid (GLU+IL) induces insulin resistance and a marked increase in β-cell proliferation in 6-month-old, but not in 2-month-old, Wistar rats. The aim of the current study was to identify the mechanisms underlying nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation in this model. A transcriptomic analysis identified a central role for the forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 and its targets, and for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR), in nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) target, was increased in islets from GLU+IL–infused 6-month-old rats. HB-EGF induced proliferation of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and isolated rat islets, and this effect was blocked in MIN6 cells by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Coinfusion of either AG1478 or rapamycin blocked the increase in FOXM1 signaling, β-cell proliferation, and β-cell mass and size in response to GLU+IL infusion in 6-month-old rats. We conclude that chronic nutrient excess promotes β-cell mass expansion via a pathway that involves EGFR signaling, mTOR activation, and FOXM1-mediated cell proliferation.
A2B Adenosine Receptors Prevent Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Adipose Tissue Inflammation via Maintaining Alternative Macrophage Activation
Authors: Csóka Balázs , Koscsó Balázs , Törő Gábor , Kókai Endre , Virág László , Németh Zoltán H. , Pacher Pál , Bai Péter , Haskó György
Published: November 2013

Obesity causes increased classical and decreased alternative macrophage activation, which in turn cause insulin resistance in target organs. Because A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) are important regulators of macrophage activation, we examined the role of A2B ARs in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. A2B AR deletion impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed chow but not a high-fat diet, which was paralleled by dysregulation of the adipokine system, and increased classical macrophage activation and inhibited alternative macrophage activation. The expression of alternative macrophage activation–specific transcriptions factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, interferon regulatory factor 4, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ, was decreased in adipose tissue of A2B AR–deficient mice. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, we found that stimulation of A2B ARs suppressed free fatty acid–induced deleterious inflammatory and metabolic activation of macrophages. Moreover, AR activation upregulated the interleukin-4–induced expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, interferon regulatory factor 4, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ in macrophages. Altogether, our results indicate that therapeutic strategies targeting A2B ARs hold promise for preventing adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
Sustained Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages Impairs Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Humans and Mice
Authors: Mirza Rita E. , Fang Milie M. , Weinheimer-Haus Eileen M. , Ennis William J. , Koh Timothy J.
Published: November 2013

The hypothesis of this study was that sustained activity of the Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)-3 inflammasome in wounds of diabetic humans and mice contributes to the persistent inflammatory response and impaired healing characteristic of these wounds. Macrophages (Mp) isolated from wounds on diabetic humans and db/db mice exhibited sustained inflammasome activity associated with low level of expression of endogenous inflammasome inhibitors. Soluble factors in the biochemical milieu of these wounds are sufficient to activate the inflammasome, as wound-conditioned medium activates caspase-1 and induces release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in cultured Mp via a reactive oxygen species–mediated pathway. Importantly, inhibiting inflammasome activity in wounds of db/db mice using topical application of pharmacological inhibitors improved healing of these wounds, induced a switch from proinflammatory to healing-associated Mp phenotypes, and increased levels of prohealing growth factors. Furthermore, data generated from bone marrow–transfer experiments from NLRP-3 or caspase-1 knockout to db/db mice indicated that blocking inflammasome activity in bone marrow cells is sufficient to improve healing. Our findings indicate that sustained inflammasome activity in wound Mp contributes to impaired early healing responses of diabetic wounds and that the inflammasome may represent a new therapeutic target for improving healing in diabetic individuals.
pH of Drinking Water Influences the Composition of Gut Microbiome and Type 1 Diabetes Incidence
Authors: Sofi M. Hanief , Gudi Radhika , Karumuthil-Melethil Subha , Perez Nicolas , Johnson Benjamin M. , Vasu Chenthamarakshan
Published: November 2013

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes (T1D), progression of which is similar to that in humans, and therefore are widely used as a model for understanding the immunological basis of this disease. The incidence of T1D in NOD mice is influenced by the degree of cleanliness of the mouse colony and the gut microflora. In this report, we show that the T1D incidence and rate of disease progression are profoundly influenced by the pH of drinking water, which also affects the composition and diversity of commensal bacteria in the gut. Female NOD mice that were maintained on acidic pH water (AW) developed insulitis and hyperglycemia rapidly compared with those on neutral pH water (NW). Interestingly, forced dysbiosis by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-positive fecal transfer significantly suppressed the insulitis and T1D incidence in mice that were on AW but not in those on NW. The 16S rDNA–targeted pyrosequencing revealed a significant change in the composition and diversity of gut flora when the pH of drinking water was altered. Importantly, autoantigen-specific T-cell frequencies in the periphery and proinflammatory cytokine response in the intestinal mucosa are significantly higher in AW-recipient mice compared with their NW counterparts. These observations suggest that pH of drinking water affects the composition of gut microflora, leading to an altered autoimmune response and T1D incidence in NOD mice.
Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT): Urinary Screening and Baseline Biochemical and Cardiovascular Assessments
Authors: Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Woodside John , Jones Timothy , Daneman Denis , Neil Andrew , Prevost Toby , Dalton R. Neil , Deanfield John , Dunger David B. ,   on behalf of the AdDIT Investigators
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

We assessed the association between early increases in albumin excretion and cardiovascular (CV) and renal markers in a large cohort of young people with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

As part of preliminary screening for a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of statins/ACE inhibitors, we measured albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) in six early morning urine samples from 3,353 adolescents (10–16 years of age) and calculated tertiles based on an established algorithm. From those subjects deemed to be at higher risk (upper ACR tertile), we recruited 400 into the intervention study (trial cohort). From those subjects deemed to be at lower risk (middle–lower ACR tertiles), we recruited 329 to the observation cohort. At baseline, vascular measurements (carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity [PWV], flow-mediated dilatation, digital pulse amplitude tonometry), renal markers (symmetric dimethylarginine, cystatin C, creatinine), and CV disease markers (lipids and apolipoproteins [Apo] A-1 and B, C-reactive protein, asymmetric dimethylarginine) were assessed.

RESULTS

Age- and sex-adjusted PWV was higher in the trial than in the observational cohort (5.00 ± 0.84 vs. 4.86 ± 0.70 m/s; P = 0.021). Similarly, non-HDL cholesterol (2.95 ± 0.83 vs. 2.81 ± 0.78 mmol/L; P = 0.02) and ApoB–ApoA-1 ratio (0.50 ± 0.14 vs. 0.47 ± 0.11; P = 0.04) were higher in the trial cohort. Cystatin C and creatinine were decreased (0.88 ± 0.13 vs. 0.90 ± 0.13 mg/L, P = 0.04; 51.81 ± 10.45 vs. 55.35 ± 11.05 μmol/L, P < 0.001; respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (137.05 ± 23.89 vs. 129.31 ± 22.41 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001) increased in the trial compared with the observational cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data demonstrate that in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, the group with the highest tertile of albumin excretion showed more evidence of early renal and CV disease than those in the lower tertiles.
A rough curvature-dimension condition for metric measure spaces
Authors: Bonciocat Anca-Iuliana
Published: November 2013

We introduce and study a rough (approximate) curvature-dimension condition for metric measure spaces, applicable especially in the framework of discrete spaces and graphs. This condition extends the one introduced by Karl-Theodor Sturm, in his 2006 article On the geometry of metric measure spaces II, to a larger class of (possibly non-geodesic) metric measure spaces. The rough curvature-dimension condition is stable under an appropriate notion of convergence, and stable under discretizations as well. For spaces that satisfy a rough curvature-dimension condition we prove a generalized Brunn-Minkowski inequality and a Bonnet-Myers type theorem.
Sequence stratigraphic controls on reservoir characterization and architecture: case study of the Messinian Abu Madi incised-valley fill, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Mohamed , Slatt Roger
Published: November 2013

Understanding sequence stratigraphy architecture in the incised-valley is a crucial step to understanding the effect of relative sea level changes on reservoir characterization and architecture. This paper presents a sequence stratigraphic framework of the incised-valley strata within the late Messinian Abu Madi Formation based on seismic and borehole data. Analysis of sand-body distribution reveals that fluvial channel sandstones in the Abu Madi Formation in the Baltim Fields, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, are not randomly distributed but are predictable in their spatial and stratigraphic position. Elucidation of the distribution of sandstones in the Abu Madi incised-valley fill within a sequence stratigraphic framework allows a better understanding of their characterization and architecture during burial.

Strata of the Abu Madi Formation are interpreted to comprise two sequences, which are the most complex stratigraphically; their deposits comprise a complex incised valley fill. The lower sequence (SQ1) consists of a thick incised valley-fill of a Lowstand Systems Tract (LST1)) overlain by a Transgressive Systems Tract (TST1) and Highstand Systems Tract (HST1). The upper sequence (SQ2) contains channel-fill and is interpreted as a LST2 which has a thin sandstone channel deposits. Above this, channel-fill sandstone and related strata with tidal influence delineates the base of TST2, which is overlain by a HST2. Gas reservoirs of the Abu Madi Formation (present-day depth ∼3552 m), the Baltim Fields, Egypt, consist of fluvial lowstand systems tract (LST) sandstones deposited in an incised valley. LST sandstones have a wide range of porosity (15 to 28%) and permeability (1 to 5080mD), which reflect both depositional facies and diagenetic controls.

This work demonstrates the value of constraining and evaluating the impact of sequence stratigraphic distribution on reservoir characterization and architecture in incised-valley deposits, and thus has an important impact on reservoir quality evolution in hydrocarbon exploration in such settings.
Fetal Outcome in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
Authors: Singh Arju Chand , Rana Sadikchya Singh
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders are the most common medical complications of pregnancy, affecting approximately 5-10% of pregnancies and the major cause of maternal and infant disease and death worldwide. Very few researches have been done in Nepal to analyze the effect of hypertension in fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and perinatal morbidity of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s hospital. The study was conducted from 18th October to 22nd December 2007. All primi and multigravid patient with BP ≥140/90 mmHg after 28 weeks of pregnancy were included in the study. Women with a blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg at or before 20 weeks of gestation, previous hypertension or women on antihypertensive drugs and Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 126 cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were identifi ed among 3819 obstetric cases. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 3.3%. Among 100 cases who were included in the study, 42 had pre eclampsia and 58 had gestational hypertension. Among 42 preeclamptic patients, 15(35.71%) had low birth weight babies, and 9(15.5%) babies had low birth weight among 58 gestational hypertensive mothers. Conclusions: Preeclampsia increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and stillbirth.Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/8-10DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9083
Adequacy of Preoperative Counseling and Informed Consent at Shree Birendra Hospital
Authors: Sharma Sharaswati , Joshi Amit
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Preoperative counseling is the physical and psychological preparation of a patient prior to surgery. In recent past, a surge of unrest seen in our country was mostly because of inadequate counseling. There are very limited researches conducted to analyze the adequacy of counseling in surgical patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of counseling in patients admitted for surgical procedure at division of surgery, Shree Birendra Hospital. Methods: A prospective survey was done using set questionnaire to the patients who are admitted for surgery over a period of 2 months (May- July 2012). All Patients who were admitted to Gynaecology, General Surgery, Orthopedic and ear nose and throat (ENT) department for a major elective surgical procedure, were included in this study. Those who have already undergone some surgery in the past or patients admitted for emergency surgery were excluded. Results: Among 100 consecutive patients, 44 patients were graded as inadequately counseled. There were 28 patients who were categorized as illiterate; the counselling was inadequate in17 (60.7%). Among 100 cases, 50 were counseled by the treating doctors, and only 10 (20%) counseling by them were inadequate. Whereas the inadequacy of counseling was 57.69% and 79.16% respectively in those who were counseled by nurses or the family members. Conclusions: Counseling was inadequate in 44% of patients. Inadequacy of counseling was higher in illiterate and if counseling is done by anybody other than treating physician.  Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/11-13DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9085
Critical Analysis of Cervical and Endometrial Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Panth Rajesh , Malla Dibya Shree
Published: November 2013

Introduction: This is a retrospective study done in cervical and endometrial biopsy specimens received in the pathology department of Shree Birendra Hospital over a period of one year from 14th April, 2011 to 13th April, 2012. The aims of this study were to analyze the histological findings of cervical and endometrial biopsies and to identify activities needed to critically evaluate these specimens. Methods: The histopathological diagnoses of 104 cervical and 84 endometrial biopsy specimens reported by the pathologists were retrieved. The diagnoses were categorized and correlated with age in order to work out a strategy for better patient management. Results: The majority of 104 cervical biopsies (76.0%) comprised of neoplastic lesions and 83.5% of them were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Among the nonneoplastic lesions, cervical polyps and cervicitis were in the ratio of 3:2. Of the 84 endometrial biopsies analyzed, proliferative endometrium comprised the majority (61.9%) with disordered proliferative being the most common pattern. Detailed information about the patients was minimal including the absence of age in 8.0% of cases. More than 80% of both cervical and endometrial biopsies were performed in the age group 30-59 years of age. Conclusions: Neoplastic lesions comprised the majority of the cervical biopsies while all the endometrial biopsies were nonneoplastic. Important clinical information like age of the patient has to be mentioned in the biopsy request form for useful clinical correlation of histological findings.  Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/23-28DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9088
Assessment of Biochemical Parameters among Smokers and Tobacco Chewers to Ascertain Cardiovascular risk
Authors: Jha Dipendra Kumar , Pandeya Dipendra Raj , Gupta Satrudhan Prasad
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the major cause and established risk factor of premature death due to respiratory and cardiovascular illness worldwide. Risk of coronary heart disease is increased by two-to four folds in smoking and tobacco chewing. Smoking and tobacco chewing leads to change in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL. In our present study, the main objective was to assess the blood lipid profile among smokers and tobacco chewers to ascertain cardiovascular risk in Nepal. Methods: It was a hospital based case control study carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Institute of Medicine Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal between 1st January, 2008 and 31st December, 2009. Of the 150 subjects enrolled in this study, 50 were current smokers, 50 were tobacco chewers and 50 were normal healthy controls. The variables collected were age, gender, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL. The One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significant difference between groups. Post Hoc test LSD used for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Results: The mean values of serum total cholesterol (257.5±22.6 mg/dl), LDL (186.6±24.0 mg/dl), TG (139.4±39.8 mg/dl) were significantly higher in smokers when compared to controls. In contrast to that HDL (42.9±1.5 mg/dl) was lower when compared to controls (44.8±1.9mg/dl). The mean values for TG (141.5±34.9 mg/dl), total cholesterol (260.3 ±21.2 mg/dl), LDL (188.5±26.0 mg/dl) in tobacco chewers was significantly higher when compared to controls. Conclusions: The lipid profiles are raised in tobacco chewers and smokers which may lead to higher incidence of cardiovascular disease.  Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/29-31DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9089
Parasympathetic Nerve Function Status in Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jahan Kawser , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: November 2013

Background: Sudden cardiac death in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis has been attributed to the decreased vagal drive to the heart. Objective: To assess cardiac parasympathetic nerve function status in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from January to December 2010. Sixty female RA patients aged 18-50 years were included in the study group. They were enrolled from the Out Patient Department of Rheumatology Wing of the Department of Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka. For comparison age matched thirty apparently healthy females were also studied as control. To assess parasympathetic nerve function status, all the subjects were examined by three noninvasive cardiovascular reflex tests such as heart rate response to valsalva maneuver (valsalva ratio), heart rate response to deep breathing and heart rate response to standing (30th :15th ratio). For statistical analysis independent sample t test was used. Results: Mean values of valsalva ratio, deep breathing test and 30th :15th ratio were significantly (p<0.001) lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to those of healthy control. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that lower cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity characterized the autonomic nerve dysfunction in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16643 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, June; 8(1): 21-25
Dancing against History: (The Royal) Ballet, Forsythe, Foucault, Brecht, and the BBC
Authors: Hammond Helena
Published: November 2013

On 5 July 1997, The Royal Ballet danced William Forsythe's Steptext as part of a final programme at its Royal Opera House home before the theatre closed for an extensive Millennial programme of rebuilding. Filmed by the BBC, the performance was televised as part of the 1997 Christmas schedule. This paper explores the striking parallels between the institutional critique staged by Steptext and the literal deconstruction which the Royal Opera House was about to undergo. It considers how the programme debated Covent Garden as British cultural institution just as the reconstruction of the Royal Opera House was imminent. Focusing first on Steptext's post-structuralist desire to excavate, disrupt, and disavow the apparently logical structures which have shaped the governing institutions of western performance, it moves to consider how the BBC programme makers co-opted, and extended to the fabric of the Royal Opera House itself, ballet's same potential to critique its own institutional history enshrined in Steptext. Having argued that Brecht might be an especially apt ally in Forsythe's realisation, through performance, of some of the fundamental tenets of Foucauldian theory, those relating to Foucault's re-conceptualisation of history especially, this paper moves finally to propose the performance and televisual adaptation of Steptext as a portal into new modes of reading the post-war Royal Ballet as Foucauldian subjugated, or effective, history.
Dorothy Madden (1912–2009), American Revolutionary. A Centenary Tribute
Authors: Jackson Paul R. W.
Published: November 2013

Dorothy Madden was an inspirational dancer, teacher, writer and choreographer; she studied with many of the great figures of American modern dance including Holm, Nikolais, Graham, Humphrey and Limón, and in particular Louis Horst, whose protégé she became. In the early 1960s she was invited to the UK by the Ministry of Education to introduce her approach to American modern dance into the British education system. As is noted in Valerie Preston-Dunlop and Luis Espana's film The American Invasion 1962-72, her work was seminal to the development of contemporary dance in the UK. Her students who include choreographers Rosemary Butcher, Sue Maclennan and Janet Smith as well as educationalists June Layson, David Henshaw and Stuart Hopps, helped shape British contemporary dance. This essay is based on interviews made with Madden in the late 1990s, research into her archive held at Trinity Laban, and interviews with her colleagues and students. It provides a historical overview of her work and explores her lasting, though largely forgotten, influence on the development of contemporary dance in the UK.
University-State Child Welfare Training Partnerships: The Challenge of Matching Dollar Contributions
Authors: Marx Jerry , Wells Melissa
Published: November 2013

Universities are uniquely positioned to provide the very best training opportunities to public child welfare workers. However, university–child welfare agency training partnerships require a significant commitment of time and resources by university personnel at a time of extensive state cuts to public higher education. This national survey of university partnership administrators found significant differences among university respondents involving length of the contractual relationship, matching dollar requirements, and overall satisfaction with the training partnership.
Reducing Entropy Generation in MHD Fluid Flow over Open Parallel Microchannels Embedded in a Micropatterned Permeable Surface
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad , Abdullah Shahrir , Hashim Ishak , Sopian Kamaruzzaman
Published: November 2013

The present study examines embedded open parallel microchannels within a micropatterned permeable surface for reducing entropy generation in MHD fluid flow in microscale systems. A local similarity solution for the transformed governing equations is obtained. The governing partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions are first cast into a dimensionless form and then the reduced ordinary differential equations are solved numerically via the Dormand-Prince pair and shooting method. The dimensionless entropy generation number is formulated by an integral of the local rate of entropy generation along the width of the surface based on an equal number of microchannels and no-slip gaps interspersed between those microchannels. Finally, the entropy generation numbers, as well as the Bejan number, are investigated. It is seen that surface-embedded microchannels can successfully reduce entropy generation in the presence of an applied magnetic field.
Modeling Human Liver Biology Using Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes
Authors: Sun Pingnan , Zhou Xiaoling , Farnworth Sarah , Patel Arvind , Hay David
Published: November 2013

Stem cell-derived hepatocytes represent promising models to study human liver biology and disease. This concise review discusses the recent progresses in the field, with a focus on human liver disease, drug metabolism and virus infection.
Crystallization of Electrodeposited Germanium Thin Film on Silicon (100)
Authors: Abidin Mastura , Matsumura Ryo , Anisuzzaman Mohammad , Park Jong-Hyeok , Muta Shunpei , Mahmood Mohamad , Sadoh Taizoh , Hashim Abdul
Published: November 2013

We report the crystallization of electrodeposited germanium (Ge) thin films on n-silicon (Si) (100) by rapid melting process. The electrodeposition was carried out in germanium (IV) chloride: propylene glycol (GeCl4:C3H8O2) electrolyte with constant current of 50 mA for 30 min. The measured Raman spectra and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) images show that the as-deposited Ge thin film was amorphous. The crystallization of deposited Ge was achieved by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 980 °C for 1 s. The EBSD images confirm that the orientations of the annealed Ge are similar to that of the Si substrate. The highly intense peak of Raman spectra at 300 cm−1 corresponding to Ge-Ge vibration mode was observed, indicating good crystal quality of Ge. An additional sub peak near to 390 cm−1 corresponding to the Si-Ge vibration mode was also observed, indicating the Ge-Si mixing at Ge/Si interface. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) reveals that the intermixing depth was around 60 nm. The calculated Si fraction from Raman spectra was found to be in good agreement with the value estimated from Ge-Si equilibrium phase diagram. The proposed technique is expected to be an effective way to crystallize Ge films for various device applications as well as to create strain at the Ge-Si interface for enhancement of mobility.
A Near-Zero Refractive Index Meta-Surface Structure for Antenna Performance Improvement
Authors: Ullah Mohammad , Islam Mohammad , Faruque Mohammad
Published: November 2013

A new meta-surface structure (MSS) with a near-zero refractive index (NZRI) is proposed to enhance the performance of a square loop antenna array. The main challenge to improve the antenna performance is increment of the overall antenna volume that is mitigated by assimilating the planar NZRI MSS at the back of the antenna structure. The proposed NZRI MSS-loaded CPW-fed (Co-Planar Waveguide) four-element array antenna is designed on ceramic-bioplastic-ceramic sandwich substrate using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), a finite-element-method-based simulation tool. The gain and directivity of the antenna are significantly enhanced by incorporating the NZRI MSS with a 7 × 6 set of elements at the back of the antenna structure. Measurement results show that the maximum gains of the antenna increased from 6.21 dBi to 8.25 dBi, from 6.52 dBi to 9.05 dBi and from 10.54 dBi to 12.15 dBi in the first, second and third bands, respectively. The effect of the slot configuration in the ground plane on the reflection coefficient of the antenna was analyzed and optimized. The overall performance makes the proposed antenna appropriate for UHFFM (Ultra High Frequency Frequency Modulation) telemetry-based space applications as well as mobile satellite, microwave radiometry and radio astronomy applications.
Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Analysis of Volatile Components in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis Roem
Authors: Chen Hsin-Chun , Chi Hai-Shan , Lin Li-Yun
Published: November 2013

The volatile components in single-flowered and double-flowered Chinese narcissus were identified by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC and GC/MS. Changes in aroma during the vase-life (days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) of two samples were also studied. A total of 35 compounds were identified, of which all were present in single-flowered and 26 in double-flowered samples. The main aroma components were (E)-β-ocimene, and benzyl acetate. Single-flowered narcissus have a higher percentage of benzyl acetate, while double-flowered narcissus have a higher percentage of 1,8-cineole. In vase-life, the total volatile component content peaked on day 2 for single-flowered and day 3 for the double-flowered narcissus. For both single-flowered and double-flowered narcissus flowers, the total content of volatile components had decreased significantly by day 4.