bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a pluralistic conservation science
Authors: Cumming Graeme S. , Davies Zoe G. , Fischer Joern , Hajjar Reem
Published: June 2023

This editorial reflects on the history of the conservation movement, the strong continuing influence of its colonial past, and the counter‐emergence of a more pluralistic and respectful worldview. Conservation Letters seeks to support and foster an ethical and inclusive discipline of conservation that discards elements of its colonial and racist history. This will involve broadening the disciplinary scope of “conservation” and paying greater attention to traditional ecological knowledge and nonwestern conservation approaches. We also see a particular need for theoretical advances that guide conservation practice by informing and connecting different kinds of expertise to understand social‐ecological interactions and their implications for both people and ecosystems. Conservation can and should play a vital role in securing the joint future of ecosystems and people, but it will only achieve its full potential if it retains its social license and stays relevant to emerging concerns and values.
Data Management 101 for drug developers: A peek behind the curtain
Authors: Oronsky Bryan , Burbano Erica , Stirn Meaghan , Brechlin Joanne , Abrouk Nacer , Caroen Scott , Coyle Angelique , Williams Jeannie , Cabrales Pedro , Reid Tony R.
Published: June 2023

In drug development a frequently used phrase is “data‐driven”. Just as high‐test gas fuels a car, so drug development “runs on” high‐quality data; hence, good data management practices, which involve case report form design, data entry, data capture, data validation, medical coding, database closure, and database locking, are critically important. This review covers the essentials of clinical data management (CDM) for the United States. It is intended to demystify CDM, which means nothing more esoteric than the collection, organization, maintenance, and analysis of data for clinical trials. The review is written with those who are new to drug development in mind and assumes only a passing familiarity with the terms and concepts that are introduced. However, its relevance may also extend to experienced professionals that feel the need to brush up on the basics. For added color and context, the review includes real‐world examples with RRx‐001, a new molecular entity in phase III and with fast‐track status in head and neck cancer, and AdAPT‐001, an oncolytic adenovirus armed with a transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) trap in a phase I/II clinical trial with which the authors, as employees of the biopharmaceutical company, EpicentRx, are closely involved. An alphabetized glossary of key terms and acronyms used throughout this review is also included for easy reference.
IGG4‐related giant lymphoproliferative‐inflammatory left atrial mass
Authors: Yağcı Ahmet Faruk , Asil Serkan , Kaya Cihad , Dinç Cemal , Bozlar Uğur , Barçın Cem
Published: June 2023

Cardiac masses are rare entities that can be challenging in clinical diagnosis and management. Cardiac masses can be detected incidentally in patients with an asymptomatic course or may cause systemic inflammation findings due to inflammatory cytokine release or symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, syncope, sudden cardiac death, and mortality due to the location of the mass. Cardiac masses associated with systemic inflammatory disorders are uncommon in this disease group. This case report will present a case with an asymptomatic IgG4‐related left atrial mass detected in routine echocardiographic control imaging due to rheumatic valve disease.
Object detection and classification from compressed video streams
Authors: Joshi Suvarna , Ojo Stephen , Yadav Sangeeta , Gulia Preeti , Gill Nasib Singh , Alsberi Hassan , Rizwan Ali , Hassan Mohamed M.
Published: June 2023

Video Analytics is widely used by the internet‐based platforms to govern the mass consumption of videos. Traditionally, it is carried out from the decoded format of the videos. This requires the analytics server to perform both decoding and analytics computation. This process can be made fast and efficient if performed over the compressed format of the videos as it reduces the decoding stress over the analytics server. The field of video analytics from the binarized formats using modern deep learning techniques is still emerging and needs further exploration. This proposed work is based on the same notion. In this work, two analytics tasks that is, classification and object detection are carried out from the binarized videos. The binarized formats are produced by using an already‐designed end‐to‐end video compression network. The experiments have been carried out over standard datasets. The proposed MobileNetv2‐based classification network shows an accuracy of 66% over the YouTube UGC dataset and the YOLOX‐S‐based detection network shows mAP of 45% over IMAGENet datasets. The proposed work shows competitiveness and improvement in the detection outcomes on compressed data and also provides further motivation for the adoption of deep learning‐based video compression in practical analytics domains.
Control of diatom and chrysophyte cyst dynamics by a meteorologically driven mixing regime in eutrophic Lake Żabińskie, northern Poland
Authors: Szczerba Agnieszka , Pla‐Rabes Sergi , Tylmann Wojciech
Published: June 2023

Ongoing climate warming has strong moderating control over aquatic processes, such as ice cover duration, length of the growing season, vertical mixing patterns, thermal stratification, and the availability of light and nutrients. These fundamental mechanisms in turn influence the population dynamics of aquatic organisms such as diatoms and chrysophytes.

In our study, over 3.5 years with contrasting meteorological conditions, we investigated eutrophic Lake Żabińskie located in northeast Poland. By combining observational data of meteorological conditions, physicochemical variables measured in the water column, and modern sedimentation, we sought to explain the relationships between changes in meteorological conditions, dynamics of total fluxes and the taxonomic composition of diatoms and chrysophyte cysts.

Our results show the direct influence of meteorological conditions on physicochemical conditions and their indirect influence on total diatom and chrysophyte cyst fluxes and taxonomic succession. The former refers to the importance of air temperature and wind speed in shaping the mixing regime of Lake Żabińskie, while the latter refers to the nutrient cycling driven by changes in the mixing regime, which in turn influences the formation of biotic signals in the sediment. Our study also revealed that the biotic response to unusual meteorological conditions that occurred in 2020 (i.e., warm winter without ice cover) differed from typical years in terms of the phenology of diatom and chrysophyte cyst blooms. However, this response was not as pronounced as in lakes with lower productivity and can be attributed to the already turbid conditions and high nutrient concentrations, which alter the threshold for noticeable changes to occur. The taxonomic composition of diatoms and chrysophyte cysts also changed in response to changes in meteorological conditions.

Complex interactions between physical and chemical conditions masked the direct influences of meteorological conditions on lake biota under eutrophic conditions. Nevertheless, high‐resolution monitoring enabled indirect links to be recognised. Both phenology and turnover in community composition responded to changes in meteorological conditions.

These results show how ongoing climate change might affect biota in eutrophic lakes in the future.
The predictive effects of motivational beliefs on listening strategy use: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Du Guohui , Man Deliang
Published: June 2023

Relatively few studies have explored the factors influencing the use of listening strategies despite a growing recognition of their importance in L2 listening comprehension. This study applies the expectancy‐value theory to investigate whether motivational beliefs (i.e., listening anxiety, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and listening self‐efficacy) can invariably predict different levels of listening strategic processing among Chinese tertiary English learners. Responses to a questionnaire solicited from 237 students were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. The results provided evidence of the positive effects of intrinsic motivation and listening self‐efficacy on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ exploitation of top‐down and bottom‐up strategies. However, extrinsic motivation only had a positive effect on the use of bottom‐up strategies, and listening anxiety only had a negative effect on the use of top‐down strategies. These findings revealed the different predictive effects of motivational beliefs on listening strategy use. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications for listening instruction.
Working, yet not working: Assessing labour underutilization in India
Authors: MATHEW Shalina Susan
Published: June 2023

Labour market responses to past business downturns across countries have been ambiguous and paradoxical, including both pro‐ and counter‐cyclical reactions. In the absence of adequate social safety nets, including unemployment insurance, counter‐cyclical employment rates could signal distress rather than productive employment opportunities. Juxtaposing household employment‐ unemployment data with the recommendations of the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians on labour underutilization, this article critiques existing data on underemployment in India and calls for the review of data collection methods to better inform labour market policies.
An analysis of the barriers and enablers to implementing the Safewards model within inpatient mental health services
Authors: Knauf Sarah Anne , O'Brien Anthony John , Kirkman Allison Margaret
Published: June 2023

Mental health inpatient units can provide a sanctuary for people to recover from mental illness. To support a therapeutic environment, the safety and well‐being of service users and staff need protection through reduced conflict and containment rates. The Safewards model identifies 10 interventions to prevent conflict and containment. This paper aims to present barriers and enablers to implementing Safewards by analysing current literature on the Safewards model. It will also compare the Safewards model to New Zealand's Six Core Strategies. In a systematic search of 12 electronic databases following the PRISMA flow chart, 22 primary studies were included in this analysis. JBI tools were used for quality appraisal and deductive content analysis was used to organize and interpret data. Four categories were identified: (a) designing the Safewards interventions and implementation; (b) staff participation and perception of Safewards; (c) healthcare system influences on Safewards implementation; (d) service user participation and perception of Safewards. To support successful Safewards implementation in future practice, this review recommends that Safewards implementation is enabled through robust design of the Safewards interventions and implementation methods; staff participation and positive perception of the Safewards model; a resourced healthcare system that prioritizes Safewards implementation; service user awareness and participation in Safewards interventions. Interactionist perspectives may support the implementation of Safewards. This analysis is limited by research settings mostly being inpatient adult services and inadequate capturing of the service user voice. An ongoing review of barriers and enablers is important for supporting future Safewards implementation.
Influenza‐like illness in individuals treated with immunosuppressants, biologics, and/or systemic corticosteroids for autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease: A crowdsourced cohort study, France, 2017–2018
Authors: Greffe Ségolène , Guerrisi Caroline , Souty Cécile , Vilcu Ana‐Maria , Hayem Gilles , Costantino Félicie , Padovano Ilaria , Bourgault Isabelle , Trad Salim , Ponsoye Matthieu , Vilaine Eve , Debin Marion , Turbelin Clément , Blanchon Thierry , Hanslik Thomas
Published: June 2023

Background

Influenza‐like illness (ILI) incidence estimates in individuals treated with immunosuppressants and/or biologics and/or corticosteroid for an autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease are scarce. We compared the ILI incidence among immunocompromised population and the general population.

Method

We conducted a prospective cohort study during the 2017–2018 seasonal influenza epidemic, on the GrippeNet.fr electronic platform, which allows the collection of epidemiological crowdsourced data on ILI, directly from the French general population. The immunocompromised population were adults treated with systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and/or biologics for an autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease, recruited directly on GrippeNet.fr and also among patients of the departments of a single university hospital that were asked to incorporate GrippeNet.fr. The general population consisted of adults reporting none of the above treatments or diseases participating in GrippeNet.fr. The incidence of ILI was estimated on a weekly basis and compared between the immunocompromised population and the general population, during the seasonal influenza epidemic.

Results

Among the 318 immunocompromised patients assessed for eligibility, 177 were included. During the 2017–2018 seasonal influenza epidemic period, immunocompromised population had 1.59 (95% CI: 1.13–2.20) higher odds to experience an ILI episode, compared to the general population (N = 5358). An influenza vaccination was reported by 58% of the immunocompromised population, compared to 41% of the general population (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

During a seasonal influenza epidemic period, the incidence of influenza‐like illness was higher in patients treated with immunosuppressants, biologics, and/or corticosteroids for an autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease, compared to the general population.
Efficacy of topical atorvastatin‐loaded emulgel and nano‐emulgel 1% on post‐laparotomy pain and wound healing: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Saghafi Fatemeh , Ramezani Vahid , Jafari‐Nedooshan Jamal , Zarekamali Javad , Kargar Saeed , Tabatabaei Seyed Mostafa , Sahebnasagh Adeleh
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to develop atorvastatin‐loaded emulgel and nano‐emulgel dosage forms and investigate their efficiency on surgical wound healing and reducing post‐operative pain. This double‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in a surgical ward of a tertiary care hospital affiliated with university of medical sciences. The eligible patients were adults aged 18 years or older who were undergoing laparotomy. The participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three following groups of atorvastatin‐loaded emulgel 1% (n = 20), atorvastatin‐loaded nano‐emulgel 1% (n = 20), and placebo emulgel (n = 20) twice a day for 14 days. The primary outcome was the Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation (REEDA) scores to determine the rate of wound healing. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and quality of life were the secondary outcomes of this study. A total of 241 patients assessed for eligibility; of them, 60 patients completed the study and considered for final evaluation. A significant decrease in REEDA score was observed on Days 7 (63%) and 14 (93%) of treatment with atorvastatin nano‐emulgel (p‐value < 0.001). A significant decrease of 57% and 89% in REEDA score was reported at Days 7 and 14, respectively, in atorvastatin the emulgel group (p‐value < 0.001). Reduction in pain VAS in the atorvastatin nano‐emulgel was also recorded at Days 7 and 14 of the intervention. The results of the present study suggested that both topical atorvastatin‐loaded emulgel and nano‐emulgel 1% were effective in acceleration of wound healing and alleviation of pain of laparotomy surgical wounds, without causing intolerable side effects.
Lead‐free pyroelectric infrared detector based on (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3‐BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Wu Zheng , Zhang Mengyuan , Jiang Xianyao , Ke Xucheng , Cai Yu , Cao Liang , Li Jiani , Jia Huixia , Li Chuanqing , Leung Chung Ming , Wang Feifei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally reported a lead‐free pyroelectric infrared (PIR) detector using (Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3)‐BaTiO3(BNT‐BT) ferroelectric ceramics as the sensitive material. The variation of noise density, voltage response rate (RV), and specific detection rate (D*) with the modulation frequency under the current mode amplification circuit was investigated, and it was found that the lead‐free PIR detector showed high RV in the low frequency band. The RV and D* reached 1.51 × 105 V/W and 2.02 × 108 cmHz1/2W−1 at 10 Hz, respectively. The results were much superior to the PIR based on traditional commercial pyroelectric ceramics, indicating that BNT‐BT lead‐free ceramics have great potential in application to PIR detectors.
‘Playing a guessing game’: Recognising and responding to anxiety in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Fynn Gabrielle , Porter Melanie , Pellicano Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Background

Children with intellectual disability are at greater risk of developing anxiety than the general population. Limited research has examined the challenges associated with recognising and responding to anxiety in children with intellectual disability, and its perceived impact.

Aim

This study aimed to explore anxiety in children with intellectual disability, from the child and parent perspective to better understand how parents and children recognise and respond to anxiety.

Method and Procedures

Six children with an intellectual disability (age range: 12–17, four boys) and their mothers participated in a semi‐structured interview online. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted using thematic analysis.

Outcome and Results

Mothers elaborated on the difficulties with recognising signs of anxiety due to the impact of the child's primary diagnosis and the overlap of symptoms with co‐occurring conditions. Mothers and children discussed the ‘contagious’ effect of anxiety within the household and how this influenced mothers' approaches to managing their child's anxiety. They reported that anxiety limited the meaningful activities in which children and families could engage.

Conclusions and Implications

These findings highlight the importance of supporting mothers to recognise their children's anxiety and to assist them with strategies on how best to respond and cope. These findings have implications for future research, and practitioners working in this field.
Does injecting small amounts of fillers prevent the development of secondary blindness?
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Lee Hyung‐Jin , Kim Woo‐Ram , An Min Ho , Park Hyun‐Jin , Hu Hyewon , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Inadvertent entry of filler products into the supratrochlear, supraorbital, or dorsal nasal arteries, among other branches of the ophthalmic artery, might result in an immediate and devastating loss of vision. We wanted to examine how much filler could block the ophthalmic artery.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐nine fresh cadavers were examined. We exposed the arterial supply to the opthalmic artery by dissecting the orbital area. Thereafter, 17 filler injections were introduced into the supratrochlear, supraorbital, and dorsal nasal arteries each. The amount of filler injection that completely blocked the ophthalmic artery was measured. Additionally, one of the head specimens was processed using phosphotungstic acid‐based contrast enhancement micro‐computed tomography to analyze each arteries to obstruct its whole ophthalmic artery.

Results

The supratrochlear, supraorbital, and dorsal nasal arteries had mean volumes in milliliter (mean ± standard deviation) of 0.0397 ± 0.010 mL, 0.0409 ± 0.00932 mL, and 0.0368 ± 0.00732 mL, respectively. However, the arteries did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

Even a modest amount of filler injection can completely block the ophthalmic artery, resulting in visual loss.
Activities of the Japan Council for Implementation of the Maternal Emergency Life Support System reduced direct causes of maternal deaths in Japan
Authors: Hashii Koji , Hasegawa Junichi , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Sakurai Atsushi , Samura Osamu , Sekizawa Akihiko , Ikeda Tomoaki , Ishiwata Isamu
Published: June 2023

Here, we aimed to provide an overview of Japan Council for the Implementation of the Maternal Emergency Life‐Saving System (J‐CIMELS) and its simulation program, which has reduced maternal mortality due to direct causes in Japan. The Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG), Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Maternal Death Exploratory Committee (JMDEC) launched the Maternal Death Reporting Project in 2010. The project analyzed obstetricians' tendency to delay their initial response to sudden maternal deterioration. Obstetricians can predict small changes before deterioration by monitoring vital signs. In 2015, the J‐CIMELS was established to provide practical education. J‐CIMELS developed a simulation program (J‐MELS; Japan Maternal Emergency Life Support) to ensure that the obstetricians acquire the latest knowledge of emergency physicians, anesthesiologists, and other general practitioners and apply it in clinical situations. In the last 7 years, the J‐MELS basic course has been conducted 1000 times with a total attendance of 19 890 people. As a result, the incidence of obstetric hemorrhage progressively decreased from 29% in 2010 to 7% in 2020. We believe that the activities of J‐CIMELS are improving obstetric care providers' medical practices in Japan.
Mouth opening in systemic sclerosis: A longitudinal analysis from the French national cohort study
Authors: Chaigne Benjamin , Bense Alexandre , Agard Christian , Allanore Yannick , Pugnet Grégory , Hachulla Eric , Avouac Jérôme , Bienvenu Boris , Palat Sylvain , Grange Claire , Berthier Sabine , Chatelus Emmanuel , Rivière Sébastien , Truchetet Marie‐Elise , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Maurier Francois , Diot Elisabeth , Berezne Alice , Mouthon Luc ,   The French Systemic Sclerosis Network
Published: June 2023

Background

Few studies have evaluated mouth opening (MO) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). None have studied MO trajectories.

Objective

To study MO trajectories in SSc.

Methods

This multicentre study included patients enrolled in the French national SSc cohort with at least one MO assessment, described patients based on MO baseline measure, modelled MO trajectories and associated MO measures with SSc prognosis.

Results

We included 1101 patients. Baseline MO was associated with disease severity. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, MO <30 mm was associated with worse 30‐year‐survival (p < 0.01) and risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (p < 0.05). Individual MO trajectories were heterogenous among patients. The best model of MO trajectories according to latent‐process mixed modelling showed that 88.8% patients had a stable MO trajectory and clustered patients into three groups that predicted SSc survival (p < 0.05) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurrence (p < 0.05). The model highlighted a cluster of 9.5% patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) (p < 0.05) and high but decreasing MO over 1 year (p < 0.0001) who were at increased risk of poor survival and ILD.

Conclusion

MO, which is a simple and reliable measure, could be used to predict disease severity and survival in SSc. Although MO remained stable in most SSc patients, dcSSc patients with high but decreasing MO were at risk of poor survival and ILD.
Equity‐settled share‐based payments and their (strategic) use under asymmetric information
Authors: Bolatto Stefano , Pignataro Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Share‐based payments are of widespread use in today's economy. Consulting firms are increasingly accepting equity compensation for their services (particularly from startups) and many governments provide fiscal incentives to support this choice. Likewise, profit‐sharing licensing is an on‐trend business practice by innovative firms and patent holders when transferring their technology to interested adopters. This paper unveils strategic considerations according to which an agent/seller designs its optimal policy in regard to the equity share to request in exchange for its service, technology, or trademark. The model assumes a fringe of interested users/customers differentiated by both the support they need from the seller and the value of the underlying relationship; and also holding an informational disadvantage on their own type. Given the seller's cost configuration, equilibrium outcomes entail entering a profit‐sharing relationship either with the high‐type customers only or with all customers. Yet, in this case, equity‐based payment claims are —for rent extraction purposes— common (i.e., not differentiated) across types.
Characterization and report of Ectophoma multirostrata, causing stem canker disease in highbush blueberry in Iran
Authors: Atashi Khalilabad Abbas , Fotouhifar Khalil‐Berdi , Atghia Omid
Published: June 2023

During a disease survey in greenhouses of blueberry seedlings in Mohammad Shahr City, Alborz Province, Iran, in the autumn 2021, severe stem canker symptoms were observed in the cv. Emerald of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). The disease incidence in the affected greenhouses was more than 30%–40%. Diseased branches and stems were sampled and the associated fungus was isolated on potato dextrose agar. Based on the fungal morphological features of the colony, three isolates among which the representative isolate of UT2020 were identified as Ectophoma multirostrata. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated ITS‐rDNA and beta‐tubulin (tub2) gene sequence data confirmed the morphological identification of the fungal isolates. E. multirostrata differs from closely related species by having several ostiolar necks, textura angularis wall in pycnidia and oblong to ellipsoidal conidia. The pathogenicity of the isolate UT2020 in the stems of highbush blueberry cv. Emerald was confirmed by our artificial wound inoculation method. After 14 days, the same stem canker symptoms were developed on the inoculated stems, and the same fungal isolate was re‐isolated from the newly developed symptoms, fulfilling the Koch's postulates. This is the first report of E. multirostrata causing a stem canker disease in highbush blueberries. Also, Vaccinium corymbosum is reported as a new host (matrix nova) for E. multirostrata worldwide.
Preoperative computed tomography, surgical treatment and long‐term outcomes of dogs with abscesses on migrating vegetal foreign bodies and oropharyngeal stick injuries: 39 cases (2010‐2021)
Authors: Manzoni S. , Santos M. , Leveugle A. , Dekerle B. , Garnier P. , Maurice E. , Decambron A. , Mortier J. , Manassero M. , Viateau V.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study evaluated success rates of surgical treatment of head and neck abscesses and draining tracts for suspected migrating vegetal foreign body and oropharyngeal penetrating injuries, and compared the outcomes according to whether a vegetal foreign body was identified in preoperative computed tomography (CT) examination.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study involved 39 dogs that underwent CT and subsequent surgical exploration of abscesses and/or draining tracts in the head and neck, in a single institution between 2010 and 2021. Recorded data included signalment, history, physical examination, CT and surgical findings. The postoperative follow‐up period was at least 8 months. Cases were classified according to whether a foreign body was identified on CT or was only suspected because of the presence of cavities and/or draining tracts on CT.

Results

A vegetal foreign body was identified on CT in 11 of 39 cases and later confirmed at surgery in 10 cases. In 28 of 39 cases, a vegetal foreign body was not identified on CT, but in seven of these 28 cases it was found at surgery. Resolution of clinical signs was achieved in 11 of 11 cases when a vegetal foreign body was identified on CT and in 26 of 28 cases without a foreign body identified on CT. Two cases of recurrence were observed in animals in which no foreign body was detected.

Clinical Significance

In this population of dogs undergoing surgery after preoperative CT scan, we observed resolution of clinical signs after a single surgical procedure in 95% of the cases. All animals in which a foreign body was identified were cured.
Solar clock and school start time effects on adolescents' chronotype and sleep: A review of a gap in the literature
Authors: Rodríguez Ferrante Guadalupe , Leone María Juliana
Published: June 2023

Circadian rhythms are entrained by external factors such as sunlight and social cues, but also depend on internal factors such as age. Adolescents exhibit late chronotypes, but worldwide school starts early in the morning leading to unhealthy sleep habits. Several studies reported that adolescents benefit from later school start times. However, the effect of later school start time on different outcomes varies between studies, and most previous literature only takes into consideration the social clock (i.e. local time of school starting time) but not the solar clock (e.g. the distance between school start time and sunrise). Thus, there is an important gap in the literature: when assessing the effect of a school start time on chronotype and sleep of adolescents at different locations and/or seasons, the solar clock might differ and, consistently, the obtained results. For example, the earliest school start time for adolescents has been suggested to be 08:30 hours, but this school start time might correspond to different solar times at different times of the year, longitudes and latitudes. Here, we describe the available literature comparing different school start times, considering important factors such as geographic position, nationality, and the local school start time and its distance to sunrise. Then, we described and contrasted the relative role of both social and solar clocks on the chronotype and sleep of adolescents. As a whole, we point and discuss a gap in literature, suggesting that both clocks are relevant when addressing the effect of school start time on adolescents' chronotype and sleep.
Sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Uemura Eduardo Vinicius Grego , Rossato Luana
Published: June 2023

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic animals, and in recent years, an increase in the geographic spread and prevalence of sporotrichosis has been observed globally. This systematic review aimed to examine the clinical‐epidemiological and therapeutic aspects related to sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An extensive electronic search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Embase, Scopus and SciELO was performed to identify clinical cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) with sporotrichosis published until May 2023. As a result, we found that most co‐infected patients were male, representing 71.76% (94/131) of cases. The most prevalent age group was 41–50 years, with a mean age of 36.98 years. The countries with the highest number of cases were Brazil (75.57%, 99/131) and the United States (16.03%, 21/131). The most frequent clinical presentation was systemic dissemination, accounting for 69.47% (91/131) of the cases, followed by cutaneous dissemination with 13% (17/131). The mean CD4+ cell count was 154.07 cells/μL, and most patients used amphotericin B with at least one azole, which represented 47.33% (62/131) of cases, followed by azole monotherapy in 17.56% (23/131) of cases. As for the outcome, 51.15% (67/131) of the patients remained alive, and 37.4% (49/131) died. Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy.
Critical ethnography and its others: Entanglement of matter/meaning/madness
Authors: Adam Simon , Gold Efrat , Tsui Joyce
Published: June 2023

Beginning with a critical examination of the humanist assumptions of critical ethnography, this article interrogates and surfaces problems with the ontological and epistemological orientations of this research methodology. In drawing on exemplar empirical data from an arts‐based project, the article demonstrates the limitations in the humanist‐based qualitative research approach and advances a postdualist, postrepresentationalist direction for critical ethnography called entangled ethnography. Using data from a larger study that examined the perspectives of racialized mad artists, what is demonstrated in this inquiry is that the entanglement of bodies, objects, and meaning‐making practices is central to working with the ontologically excluded, such as those who find themselves in various states of disembodiment and/or corporeal and psychic distribution. We propose the redevelopment of critical ethnography, extended by entanglement theory (a critical posthuman theory), and suggest that for it to be an inclusive methodology, critical ethnography must be conceptualized as in the process of becoming and always in regeneration, open to critique, extension, and redevelopment.
Fritillaria karakocanensis (Liliaceae), a new species of the F. crassifolia group from Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Sonay Veysel , Tekşen Mehtap , Yıldırım Hasan , Balos Mehmet Maruf , Akan Hasan
Published: June 2023

Fritillaria karakocanensis (Liliaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. It is morphologically similar to F. michailovskyi, F. reuteri and F. rhodocanakis, but differs from F. michailovskyi mainly by its longer stem, canaliculate and narrower leaves, papillose style, and the caducous tepals, from F. reuteri by its many bulblets, canaliculate leaves, longer lower leaves, fewer flowers, and longer tepals, and from F. rhodocanakis by its longer and narrower lower leaves, longer tepals, nectaries and style, and the obovoid capsule. A detailed taxonomic description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and ecology, conservation assessment, and taxonomic comments regarding the new species are given.
Harnessing herbaria to advance plant phenology research under global change
Authors: Zhu Kai , Song Yiluan
Published: June 2023

This article is a Commentary on Park et al. (2023), 239: 2153–2165.
The enduring mystery of differences between eddy covariance and biometric measurements for ecosystem respiration and net carbon storage in forests
Authors: Ryan Michael G.
Published: June 2023

This article is a Commentary on Marshall et al. (2023), 239: 2166–2179.
Inadvertent misplacement of pacemaker lead presented with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Erdem Almina , Torun Akin , Kılıç Şahhan , Cinar Tufan , Uzun Mehmet , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah
Published: June 2023

If a permanent pacemaker lead is misplaced in the left ventricle (LV), the lead may interfere with normal functioning of the heart leading various complications, including heart rhythm problems and blood clots. In our case, the LV lead that passed through the patent foramen ovale and was misplaced into the LV was detected in a 78‐year‐old patient who presented with embolic stroke. Thrombus regression was achieved with anticoagulation, and then the lead extraction was planned. The lead extraction is a priority in acute cases; but it is not the primary approach in long‐term leads that were misplaced into the LV. A patient‐based individual approach should be preferred in such cases.
Multifactorial in vivo regulation of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin‐1 abundance
Authors: Wolfram Michaela , Greif Arne , Sizova Irina , Baidukova Olga , Hegemann Peter , Kreimer Georg
Published: June 2023

Oriented movement (phototaxis) is an efficient way to optimize light‐driven processes and to avoid photodamage for motile algae. In Chlamydomonas the receptors for phototaxis are the channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2. Both are directly light‐gated, plasma membrane‐localized cation channels. To optimally adjust its overall light‐dependent responses, Chlamydomonas must tightly control the ChRs cellular abundance and integrate their activities into its general photoprotective network. How this is achieved is largely unknown. Here we show that the ChR1 protein level decreases upon illumination in a light‐intensity and quality‐dependent manner, whereas it is stable in prolonged darkness. Analysis of knockout strains of six major photoreceptors absorbing in the blue–violet range, which is most effective in evoking ChR1 degradation, revealed that only phototropin (PHOT) is involved. Notably, ChR2 degradation was normal in a ΔPHOT strain. Further, our results indicate that a COP1‐SPA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, the transcription factor Hy5 as well as changes in the cellular redox poise and cyclic nucleotide levels are additional components involved in this light acclimation response of Chlamydomonas. Our data highlight the presence of an adaptive framework connecting phototaxis with general photoprotective mechanisms via the use of overlapping signaling components already at the level of the primary photoreceptor.
Jimmy Carter's cold war legacy
Authors: Donnelly Robert C.
Published: June 2023

Jimmy Carter's presidency lasted only one term before Ronald Reagan defeated him in 1980. Since then, scholars have debated—and many have maligned—Carter's legacy, especially his foreign policy efforts. The criticism of Jimmy Carter's foreign policies seems particularly mistaken when it comes to the Cold War. With the counsel of his National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Carter exposed Soviet weaknesses, which included their global influence, economy, and record on human rights. Declassified government documents, census data, and the reflections of former policymakers and government insiders support a revised view of Carter's Cold War policies. The president's Soviet policies helped exacerbate the Soviets' domestic and international troubles, and were far more effective than earlier critics claimed in helping to end the Cold War and contributing to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
A statistical approach for assessing cyber risk via ordered response models
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Osmetti Silvia Angela , Tarantola Claudia
Published: June 2023

Proper evaluation of the risk associated to a cyber attack is a crucial aspect for many companies. There is an increasing need to plan for and implement effective ways to address cyber security, data security, and privacy protection. Estimating the risk of a successful cyber attack is an important issue, since this type of threat is proliferating and thus poses increasing danger to companies and the customers who use their services. While quantitative loss data are rarely available, it is possible to obtain a qualitative evaluation on an ordinal scale of severity of cyber attacks from experts of the sector. Hence, it is natural to apply order response models for the analysis of cyber risk. In particular, we rely on cumulative link models. We explain the experts' assessment of the severity of a cyber attack as a function of a set of explanatory variables describing the characteristics of the attack under consideration. A measure of diffusion of the effects of the attacks obtained via the use of a network structure is also incorporated into the set of explanatory variables of the model. Along with the description of the methodology, we present a detailed analysis of a real data set that includes information on serious cyber attacks occurred worldwide in the period 2017–2018.
Facial and body contouring with 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser‐assisted lipolysis: Clinical evidence
Authors: Piccolo Domenico , Mutlag Mohammed Hussein , Fusco Irene , Bonan Paolo
Published: June 2023

Background

Body contouring is a significant area of dermatologic and plastic surgery. Surgical procedures, like surgical lipectomy, and less invasive procedures, such as various liposuction techniques, are the two main ways to reduce fat.

Aim

Our study showed that 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser‐assisted lipolysis used with appropriate and specific parameters effectively destroys adipose tissue avoiding these risks and determining a safe clinical application.

Method

A subcutaneous, 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser was used on 132 patients (range, 18–73 years; 109 women and 23 men with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes ranging between II and V) requiring body and face contouring. All patients were photographed for documentation. Digital clinical photography was taken under as near identical conditions as possible at baseline (pre‐treatment), and 16 weeks post‐treatment. The 5‐point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was recorded immediately after treatment and at their final assessment session (4 months). Adverse events were monitored.

Results

On the basis of the investigator‐evaluated GAIS scale, the total GAIS scores showed satisfactory results. Clinician assessment from the clinical photography showed good efficacy and visible aesthetic results for body and face areas. No serious or unexpected adverse side effects were recorded, and transient pain, oedema, erythema and slight induration resolved within the first week of treatment.

Conclusions

The 1444 nm Nd:YAG laser is a new tool for performing lipolysis, and this study reports its effectiveness and safety.
Identification of 58 novel HLA alleles identified in Chinese individuals by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Cheung Stephen K. F. , Choi Leo C. W. , Chan Y. S. , Ho Jenny C. Y. , Lee C. K. , Kwok Janette S. Y.
Published: June 2023

HLA genes are the most polymorphic in the human genome. High resolution HLA typing from 13,870 bone marrow donors in Hong Kong was obtained using Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Among the 67 novel alleles identified, official HLA allele names of 50 novel class I alleles (HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C) and 8 novel class II alleles (HLA‐DRB1, ‐DQB1) were assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO) Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.
The novel HLA‐B*40:536N allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Wang Yu‐qing , Huang Jia‐yu , Du Ke‐ming , Zheng Zhong‐zheng , Cai Xiao‐hong
Published: June 2023

HLA‐B*40:536N differs from HLA‐B*40:03:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.
Pilot study to determine the concordance between skin prick and intradermal test (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergens in atopic dogs using IDT as the gold standard
Authors: Fleischman Drew A. , Morris Daniel O.
Published: June 2023

Background

Prick testing is widely used as the first‐line in vivo test for environmental allergens in people owing to its noninvasive nature and speed of performance.

Objectives

To determine concordance between skin prick testing (SPT) and intradermal testing (IDT) reactivity to environmental allergen mixes in dogs with atopic dermatitis (cAD).

Animals

Forty client‐owned dogs with cAD.

Materials and Methods

Skin prick testing (GREER Pick System; Stallergenes Greer) and IDT were performed on 40 dogs using seven glycerinated and aqueous environmental allergen mixes, respectively (tree, grass and weed pollens, house dust mites and three mould mixes). Reactions for IDT and SPT were evaluated both subjectively and objectively (mean wheal diameter; MWD) and compared to saline and histamine controls.

Results

Using IDT as the gold standard, with subjective scoring, SPT was 47.0% sensitive [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.0%–58.7%], 92.1% specific (95% CI 87.6%–95.3%) and agreement was moderate (79%, Cohen's kappa = 0.424). The positive predictive value of SPT was 36% and negative predictive value was 95%. Objective and subjective scores had only fair agreement.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Skin prick testing with allergen mixes was specific yet poorly sensitive as compared to IDT. For both IDT and SPT, 95% (38 of 40) dogs failed to react to an allergen mix, despite showing a positive reaction to at least one component. Future studies comparing SPT and IDT should test individual allergens rather than mixes to prevent the dilution of individual components, which may have resulted in false negatives.
Kudla–Rapoport conjecture for Krämer models
Authors: He Qiao , Shi Yousheng , Yang Tonghai
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a modified Kudla–Rapoport conjecture for the Krämer model of unitary Rapoport–Zink space at a ramified prime, which is a precise identity relating intersection numbers of special cycles to derivatives of Hermitian local density polynomials. We also introduce the notion of special difference cycles, which has surprisingly simple description. Combining this with induction formulas of Hermitian local density polynomials, we prove the modified Kudla–Rapoport conjecture when $n=3$. Our conjecture, combining with known results at inert and infinite primes, implies the arithmetic Siegel–Weil formula for all non-singular coefficients when the level structure of the corresponding unitary Shimura variety is defined by a self-dual lattice.
Influence of Pulsatility and Inflow Waveforms on Tracheal Airflow Dynamics in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Tiwari Bipin , Usmani Abdullah Y. , Bodduluri Sandeep , Bhatt Surya P. , Raghav Vrishank
Published: June 2023

Tracheal collapsibility is a dynamic process altering local airflow dynamics. Patient-specific simulation is a powerful technique to explore the physiological and pathological characteristics of human airways. One of the key considerations in implementing airway computations is choosing the right inlet boundary conditions that can act as a surrogate model for understanding realistic airflow simulations. To this end, we numerically examine airflow patterns under the influence of different profiles, i.e., flat, parabolic, and Womersley, and compare these with a realistic inlet obtained from experiments. Simulations are performed in ten patient-specific cases with normal and rapid breathing rates during the inhalation phase of the respiration cycle. At normal breathing, velocity and vorticity contours reveal primary flow structures on the sagittal plane that impart strength to cross-plane vortices. Rapid breathing, however, encounters small recirculation zones. Quantitative flow metrics are evaluated using time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Overall, the flow metrics encountered in a real velocity profile are in close agreement with parabolic and Womersley profiles for normal conditions, however, the Womersley inlet alone conforms to a realistic profile under rapid breathing conditions.