bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEITO DOS MÉTODOS DE SECAGEM E EXTRAÇÃO SOBRE A ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DA BETERRABA
Authors: Miranda Kopp Bárbara , Mirante da Silva Juliana Aparecida , Gonzalez da Silva Nunes Ortência Leocádia , Lovato Frederico , Kowaleski Jussara , Fiori Zara Ricardo , Cottica Solange Maria
Published: December 2020

A beterraba é uma raiz tuberosa de cor vermelho-arroxeada em virtude da presença de betalaínas, as quais são ótimos antioxidantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os métodos de secagem (liofilização e secagem em forno) e de extração (refluxo e ultrassom) sobre a bioatividade da beterraba. Utilizaram-se os métodos DPPH e ABTS para determinar a atividade antioxidante e o teor de flavonoides e compostos fenólicos totais para determinar os compostos bioativos. Além disso, o teor de minerais, umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios e fibras da beterraba também foram determinados. A extração realizada com auxílio de ultrassom resultou em melhores valores de atividade antioxidante e compostos bioativos. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para as amostras secas em liofilizador.
HIGH-RESOLUTION CT FEATURES OF THE COVID-19 INFECTION, INITIALAND FOLLOW-UP CHANGES AMONG DIFFERENT CLINICAL TYPES
Authors: Banthia Sachin
Published: December 2020

Background: To discuss the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients among different clinical types on initial and follow-up CT. Methods: Seventy COVID-19 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of SP Medical Collage Bikaner were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up chest HRCT. The main CT features and semi-quantitative score which represent disease severity among different clinical types were evaluated. Result: On initial CT, the main abnormalities observed in common and severe cases respectively were pure ground glass opacities (GGOs) and patchy consolidation surrounded by GGOs. Critical cases had multiple consolidation surrounded by wide range of GGOs distributed in the whole lung fields. The CT severity score and density score in mild (up to 8 and 5), moderate (>8 to 15 and 9) and severe (>15 and 12) cases were increased by gradient. On follow-up CT, mild and moderate types manifested as decreasing density of lesion, absorbed consolidation and GGOs. Severe cases showed progression of the disease. The extent and progression scores in mild and moderate patients were significantly decreased, while the range score of patients with severe disease reached the highest points, accompanied with an increase in the density score. Conclusion: CT scanning can accurately assess the severity of COVID-19, and help to monitor disease transformation during follow-up among different clinical conditions.
STUDY OF CURRENT PATTERN OF MECHANICAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION IN ADULTS AT DMCH, LAHERIASARAI, BIHAR
Authors: Ravi Ravindra Kumar , Prasad Vijay Shankar , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Objective : To evaluate the current pattern of mechanical bowel obstruction in adults. Study design : Descriptive case series. Place & Duration of study : Upgraded Department of Surgery, DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar, from March 2019 to February 2020. Methodology : The criteria for diagnosis were on the basis of history, clinical findings, radiological examination, exploration of abdomen and histopathological confirmation in selected cases. Results : A total of 252 surgically treated cases of mechanical bowel obstruction were included. Out of the total, 187 (74.2%) presented with acute and 65 (25.8%) with sub-acute intestinal obstruction. The mean age was 37.4 years with male to female ratio of 2:1. Abdominal tuberculosis was found in 77 (30.6%) patients. Among the other causes bands/adhesions were found in 57 patients (22.6%) and obstructed hernias in 44 patients (17.5%). In 161 patients (64%) the intestinal obstruction was without gut compromise, while in 91 patients (36%) strangulated bowel obstruction was present. Forty patients (15.9%) developed postoperative complications mainly wound sepsis and chest problems in the form of atelectasis and pneumonia. The mortality rate was 2.4% (n 6). Conclusions : Tuberculosis is still the common cause of intestinal obstruction, with overall mortality rate of 2.4% which needs attention.
ULTRASOUND PREDICTABILITY OF LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT CESAREAN SECTION SCAR THICKNESS
Authors: Kumari Madhu , Bibha Kumari , Sinha Abha , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to find out association between scar thickness, assessed sonographically, and intraoperative findings (IOF).
Study Design: Descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar from June 2019 to May 2020.
Methodology: A total of 70 pregnant patients were included in this study. Transabdominal ultrasound was done for scarred uteri. Sonographic findings were co-related with introperative findings. All the given data were entered on SPSS version 23. Age was expressed as mean ± SD. Parity, gestational age, and interval between cesarean sections were expressed as frequencies with percentages. Statistical analysis was done by using Chi-square test for categorical data for association between sonographic scar thickness and intraoperative findings. The statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Results: The age range of the patients was 20- 36 years with a mean of 27.91 ±3.690 years. Gestational age at the time of cesarean section was between 27-40 weeks of gestation with a mean of 37 ±2.126 weeks. The interval from previous cesarean was 10 months at the minimum, and 6 years at the maximum with a mean of 2.29 ±1.0 months. Mean scar thickness was 2.5 mm. Association between scar thickness (<1-3 mm) and intaoperative findings of dehiscence and rupture showed a p-value of <0.001.
Conclusion: Sonographic assessment of a uterine scar has a practical application to determine the thickness of previous scar, and assess its integrity.
A LIPID PROFILE STUDY AMONGST THE CASES OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Sinha Divya , Padmeodev S. R. , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: India leads the world with largest number of diabetic cases and is often referred to as the diabetes capital. Diabetic dyslipidemia in India is one of the main causes for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) mortality of the world. Dyslipidemia are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency. It is a preventable risk factor which is mostly observed in diabetes cases and that may precipitate the cardiovascular disorders. Our aim of the study is to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on lipid profile of diabetic cases reporting at tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Patna Science College, Patna, Bihar. Total 140 diabetic cases were randomly selected and they were examined for dyslipidemia. Fasting blood glucose concentration and Lipid Profile [Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG)] were investigated by using commercially available reagent kits in Biochemistry analyzer. Collected data was analyzed by using appropriate software. Results: Out of total 140 diabetic cases examined, the mean age of cases was 48.93 ± 12.1 years. In present study we found the mean Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was 188.76 ± 54.63 mg/dl. The prevalence rates in our study for high Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides (TG) were 13.6% and 41.4% respectively. The prevalence rates for high LDL-C, very high LDL-C and low HDL-C in the diabetic subjects were 8.6%, 5.0% and 72.9% respectively. Conclusion: The diabetic cases had elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated triglyceride (triacylglycerol) and slightly elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) indicating that diabetic cases were more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, Total Cholesterol.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IONIC SILVER BASED DRESSINGS VERSUS CONVENTIONAL DRESSINGS IN MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS.
Authors: N Ravishankar. , S Shivakumar. , K Abirami.
Published: December 2020

AIMS: To compare the efficacy of ionic silver-based dressings with conventional saline dressings in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.
OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of ionic silver based amorphous hydrogel dressing containing colloidal silver in management of diabetic foot ulcer healing and to compare the time taken for wound healing, number of days taken to reach the end point and cost-effectiveness, with that of conventional saline dressings.
METHODS: This was a case control, prospective, comparative study conducted in Department of Surgery, JSS Hospital, Mysuru. Totally 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were included, equally divided into -cases (received colloidal silver dressings) and controls (received saline dressings), Simple randomization was done. Study Duration- 18 Months. Data collected regarding changes in wound size, presence of granulation tissue, slough, presence or absence of discharge, was analysed - by Chi square test,
Independent T test and Paired T test.
RESULTS: There was significant percentage reduction in ulcer area, 66.76±16.8 % in colloidal silver group, compared to only 2.71±4.53% in conventional saline group. The number of days to end point was significantly lesser in colloidal silver group, compared to conventional group (23.16±8.16 days vs 48.34±18.06 days), reduction of ulcer area (from 100%) was more at day 14 (48% in silver group, 89.69% in conventional
group).
CONCLUSION: The faster rate of wound healing in lesser number of days with significantly more reduction in ulcer area over a period of time, shows that ionic silver based amorphous hydrogel wound dressings with colloidal silver is more efficient than conventional saline dressings in diabetic foot ulcers management. As the number of dressings and number of days to end point is significantly lesser, ionic silver-based dressings are a comparatively more cost-effective treatment option as per our study.
EPIDEMOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOREIGN BODIES IN UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT
Authors: Bose Alokendu , Khatua Indranil , Sahu Badal Kumar , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Background: Foreign body aspiration may occur at any age, however most of these accidents occur in the children below age three years. The high incidence in young children reflects their tendency to explore their world using their mouths. Furthermore, these children have not yet developed a full posterior dentition, and neuromuscular mechanisms for swallowing and airway protection may not be fully mature. Aim: To describe the common presenting signs and symptoms of foreign bodies among patients attending ENT department at TMH. Material and methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, R. G. Kar Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. Approval by the ethics committee of Hospital, Jamshedpur is taken and written informed consent of patients is obtained to conduct the study. The study was conducted from August 2014 to December 2015 for a period of 1 and half years. Result: In our study, there was equal incidence of FB among the various socioeconomic statuses. We have clustered 1 and 2 socioeconomic status as upper status, and 3,4 and 5 as lower status. There were statistically no significant difference in the incidence of FB was seen according to their SES, with p – value = 0.7721 { p > 0.05 }. Conclusion: Proper history and examination are the key components to diagnose foreign bodies. Otolaryngologists should categorise high risk patients on the basis of parity of mother, socioeconomic status and education of care giver, and they should be examined thoroughly.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF BEVACIZUMAB VS MITOMYCIN-C IN AUGMENTEDTRA BECULECTOMY
Authors: Kumar Dr.(Major) Jitendra , Kumar Dr.(LT COL) Rajnish , Singh Dr. (LT COL) Sumit Kumar , Jana Debarshi
Published: December 2020

Background: Bevacizumab is inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a major role in physiological vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Currently pegaptanib, ranibizumab and bevacizumab are the monoclonal antibodies used against VEGF. Aims: To compare the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab to that of subtenonmitomycin-C (MMC) on the wound healing process in trabeculectomy. Materials and methods: Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata. Patients of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ( POAG). January 2016 –June 2017. Two groups: 30 in each group. (Calculated after assuming α error 0.05, power 80%). Randamization was done using website; www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index. patients were devided in two groups- Group A, who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C and group B, who underwent trabeculectomy with bevacizumab. Result & Analysis: In both groups intraocular pressure (IOP) was taken in preoperative, 01month, 06 month, 12 month and 18 month post operative period. Percentage decrease in IOP from pre-op is studied at 01, 06, 12 and 18 months. Conclusion: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness throughout the world. It has become the second most common cause of bilateral blindness. Lowering of the IOP is the first priority in POAG with anti glaucoma medications, however if patient’s IOP is uncontrolled with maximally tolerated antiglaucoma medications or there is noncompliance to anti glaucoma medications then patients can be planned for surgery to achieve target IOP. Trabeculectomy is the mainstay of surgical management of glaucoma.
I ghiacci si sciolgono. Lo scongelamento del comportamento di voto nei tre sistemi scandinavi
Authors: Marini Luigi
Published: December 2020

I sistemi partitico-elettorali di Svezia, Danimarca e Norvegia sono stati tradizionalmente caratterizzati da un’alta stabilità e prevedibilità, ma nel corso degli ultimi decenni hanno conosciuto signifcative trasformazioni, con un aumento dell’incertezza, della volatilità e della frammentazione: tendenze comuni a molti paesi europei, ma sviluppate in Scandinavia con caratteristiche peculiari.

Se le tradizionali fratture sociali si riflettevano fino agli anni Sessanta in un sistema partitico «congelato», secondo la celebre definizione di Lipset e Rokkan (1967), e in un assetto democratico «consensuale» (Lijphart 1984), dai primi anni Settanta emergono nuovi conflitti che destabilizzano l’arena elettorale. Il vecchio «sistema scandinavo a cinque partiti» (Berglund e Lindström 1978) con un partito socialdemocratico dominante si trova a fronteggiare vere e proprie valanghe, negli anni Settanta prima e negli anni Novanta poi, causate da fenomeni contingenti inseriti in un processo di mutamento di lungo periodo.

Il declino della classe operaia e contadina, il dibattito sull’integrazione europea, la nascita di movimenti «post-materialisti» (Inglehart 1977), la crisi del welfare state e il tema dell’immigrazione producono profonde trasformazioni nel sistema politico, attraverso una serie di terremoti elettorali. Le vecchie alleanze politico-sociali sono scardinate e si fanno strada nuovi partiti, tra cui una forte destra populista, mentre la competizione elettorale, fattasi più uida ed incerta, tende oggi verso un assetto sostanzialmente bipolare e «maggioritario», più simile a quello degli altri paesi europei.

Se un «modello scandinavo» ancora esiste, esso rappresenta oggi non più una singolare eccezione, bensì un caso esemplare di un processo di mutamento comune al più ampio contesto europeo.
Los Reyes de Thiya Wanaku en las tradiciones orales del siglo XVI y XVII
Authors: Szemiński Jan
Published: December 2020

Abstract/Short description

Only very limited historic information about the Tiahuanaco is known, as Andean oral traditions very rarely mention this political organism. This mini-monograph is an overview of six 16th and 17th century colonial sources that recorded oral traditions referring to the Tiahuanaco. Szemiński extracts information from those various sources and compares the different accounts of the Tiahuanaco.

Short description written by Michał Gilewski
Governabilidade e descentralizacao.
Authors: Dowbor Ladislau
Published: December 2020

The article relates to the problems of economic development in Brazil.
Применение дистанционного зондирования для фиксации горизонтальных русловых деформаций
Authors: Коркин Сергей Евгеньевич , Евграшина Анастасия Олеговна , Исыпов Владимир Александрович
Published: December 2020

В работе рассмотрено применение наиболее оперативных и эффективных методов дистанционного зондирования для мониторинга состояния и динамики изменения береговых участков под действием горизонтальных русловых деформаций. Это необходимо для составления более точных прогнозов изменения состояния земель и недопущения негативных последствий для окружающей среды и жизнедеятельности населения. Цель работы – анализ методов дистанционного зондирования, применяемых для фиксации горизонтальных русловых деформаций реки Обь на инициативных стационарных постах. В результате проведенного анализа можно сделать вывод о том, что применение беспилотного летательного аппарата для мониторинга русловых деформаций оправдало себя в области проведения съемки с небольших высот, и данный метод можно использовать как самостоятельный для изучения локальных участков с получением данных высокой точности.
Оценка изменения атмосферного давления в Российской Арктике
Authors: Винокуров Игорь Олегович , Кильдишов Олег Сергеевич , Копылова Ю.Э. , Батмазова А.А.
Published: December 2020

Проведена оценка изменения среднегодовых значений атмосферного давления на Арктической территории РФ за последние десятилетия. Выявлено, что рассматриваемая метеорологическая характеристика не изменяется под воздействием антропогенного воздействия и предполагаемого изменения климата.
Affects, dons cérémoniels et structures sociales
Authors: Pannier Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

This article proposes to describe and analyze a central emic notion of contemporary Vietnamese society, the tình cảm, which refer to the emotional charge involved in a relationship. This affect is described through the lens of the flow of ceremonial gifts which constitute one of the principal means of expressing tình cảm in northern rural Vietnam. By testing the Spinozist approach of Lordon in The Society of Affects (2013), this paper shows how tình cảm are expressed, how they are a driver of social action and in which social structures they are produced.
Obsada godności Muftiego Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego a zasady Konstytucji RP
Authors: Borecki Paweł
Published: December 2020

Celem podjętych badań była analiza obsady godności Muftiego Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w świetle zasad Konstytucji RP, istniejących przepisów oraz orzecznictwa sądów cywilnych i administracyjnych. Przy wykorzystaniu metody dogmatycznej z uwzględnieniem wykładni językowej i funkcjonalnej, podjęto próbę ustalenia sposobu obsady urzędu Muftiego oraz jego statusu prawnego w Muzułmańskim Związku Religijnym. Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły na sformułowanie krytycznej oceny. W Muzułmańskim Związku Religijnym trwa spór o obsadę urzędu Muftiego. Pilną koniecznością jest uchylenie ustawy z 21 kwietnia 1936 r. o stosunku Państwa do Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz statutu zatwierdzonego przez Radę Ministrów w drodze rozporządzenia z 26 sierpnia 1936 r. Może to nastąpić w drodze orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego albo w wyniku uchwalenia nowej ustawy na podstawie umowy Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego z Radą Ministrów.
Teoretycznoprawne aspekty umownych terminów zawitych w umowie o roboty budowlane
Authors: Weiss Marta
Published: December 2020

Obecnie przy konstruowaniu umów o roboty budowlane (zarówno w Polsce, jak i w innych krajach) obok regulacji kodeksowych coraz częściej stosowane są ogólne wzorce umowne zawierające propozycję szczegółowego ukształtowania praw i obowiązków stron umowy. Wśród postanowień znajdujących się we wzorcach, a często inkorporowanych do umów, są klauzule nakładające na jedną ze stron umowy wymóg wypełnienia określonych obowiązków w wyznaczonym terminie i przewidujące daleko idące sankcje prawne za niedotrzymanie ww. terminu. Tego typu postanowienia przez wiele lat budziły liczne wątpliwości, ponieważ niewypełnienie danego obowiązku w terminie prowadzi do pozbawienia strony przysługującego jej na mocy umowy prawa do dochodzenia roszczeń, co niektórzy komentatorzy oceniają jako sprzeczne z zasadami przedawnienia roszczeń. Toczący się w doktrynie i w orzecznictwie od lat spór o dopuszczalność stosowania przedmiotowych klauzul zdaje się zamykać najnowsze stanowisko Sądu Najwyższego, które poddano analizie w niniejszym opracowaniu.
Dopuszczalność uzależnienia skutków czynności prawnej od warunku zależnego od woli strony czynności prawnej
Authors: Siwerski Paweł
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu będzie zagadnienie dopuszczalności uzależnienia skutków czynności prawnych od zdarzeń zależnych od woli stron, w tym szczególnego przypadku, gdy zdarzenie jest zależne wyłącznie od woli strony (warunek potestatywny). Zagadnienie jest istotne dla obrotu gospodarczego, ponieważ uczestnicy tego obrotu przeważnie uzależniają skutek podejmowanych czynności prawnych od warunku. W przypadku, gdyby strony czynności prawnej za warunek uznały zdarzenie przeciwne ustawie, to skutkować to będzie nieważnością czynności prawnej (gdy warunek jest zawieszający) lub bezskutecznością zastrzeżenia warunku, gdy warunek jest rozwiązujący (art. 94 KC). Częste jest zastrzeganie warunku zależnego od strony czynności prawnej (jak np. wykonanie zobowiązania, pozytywny wynik badania prawnego czy udzielenie kredytu). W orzecznictwie zaobserwować można ewolucję poglądu SN od restrykcyjnego (niedopuszczającego warunku zależnego od woli strony) do stanowiska liberalnego, dopuszczającego uznanie powstania lub ustania skutku czynności prawnej od warunku zależnego od strony czynności prawnej . Wskutek analizy obowiązującego brzmienia art. 89 KC zaprezentowany zostanie w niniejszym artykule pogląd za dopuszczeniem uzależnienia skutków czynności prawnej od zdarzeń zależnych od strony czynności prawnej.
Analysis of Zakat and Waqf Literacy Class Program in the Covid-19 Period
Authors: Iqbal Iqbal fadli muhammad
Published: December 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik, kepuasan dan tingkat pemahaman peserta kelas literasi zakat dan wakaf di masa Covid-19 yang diadakan oleh  Direktorat Pemberdayaan Zakat dan Wakaf, Ditjen Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam Kementerian Agama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan survei secara daring menggunakan aplikasi survey monkey dengan total responden 257. Karakteristik responden dari segi jenis kelamin didominasi oleh laki-laki, latar belakang pendidikan mayoritas lulusan sarjana. Asal responden masih terkonsentrasi berasal dari pulau Jawa, serta paling sedikit berasal dari Indonesia wilayah Timur seperti Maluku dan Papua. Responden didominasi oleh penyuluh Agama Islam Kementerian Agama.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program kelas literasi zakat wakaf menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman megenai zakat dan wakaf serta motivasi terbesar untuk menambah pengetahuan, mendapatkan sertifikat dan mendapatkan relasi jaringan. Adapun untuk saran kelas lanjutan literasi zakat dan wakaf, mayoritas responden menyatakan bahwa diperlukannya diadakan secara rutin setiap bulan.

Kata Kunci:  Literasi Zakat Wakaf, Karakteristik, Kepuasan, Pemahaman

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the characteristics, satisfaction and level of participants understanding in the zakat and waqf literacy class during the Covid-19 period held by the Directorate of Zakat and Waqf Empowerment, Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance at the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This research method uses an online survey by the survey monkey application with a total of 257 respondents. Characteristics of respondents in the terms of gender were dominated by men, the majority educational background are undergraduate. The origin of the respondents is still concentrated from Java and at least from Eastern Indonesia such as Maluku and Papua. Respondents were dominated by Religious Counselor of Islam officers at the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The results show that the zakat and waqf literacy class program is increasing the zakat and waqf understanding as well as the greatest motivation for increasing knowledge, obtaining certificates and obtaining network relationships. The suggestion for the advanced class of zakat and waqf literacy, the majority of respondents stated that it was needed to be held regularly every month.

Keywords: Zakat Waqf Literacy, Characteristics, Satisfaction, Understanding
The Cost of Failed First-Line Cancer Treatment Related to Continued Smoking in Canada
Authors: Iragorri N. , Essue B. , Timmings C. , Keen D. , Bryant H. , Warren G.W.
Published: December 2020

Background: Smoking by cancer patients and survivors causes adverse cancer treatment outcomes, but little information is available about how smoking can affect cancer treatment costs. Methods: We developed a model to estimate attributable cancer treatment failure because of continued smoking after a cancer diagnosis (AFs). Canadian health system data were used to determine the additional treatment cost for AFs for the most common cancers in Canada. Results: Of 206,000 patients diagnosed with cancer annually, an estimated 4789 experienced afs. The annual incremental cost associated with treating patients experiencing afs was estimated at between $198 million and $295 million (2017 Canadian dollars), reflecting an added incremental cost of $4,810–$7,162 per patient who continued to smoke. Analyses according to disease site demonstrated higher incremental costs where the smoking prevalence and the cost of individual second-line cancer treatment were highest. Of breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, lung cancer was associated with the highest incremental cost for treatment after AFs. Conclusions: The costs associated with afs in Canada after a cancer diagnosis are considerable. Populations in which the smoking prevalence and treatment costs are high are expected to benefit the most from efforts aimed at increasing smoking cessation capacity for patients newly diagnosed with cancer.
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Second-Line Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Santos S. Delos , Udayakumar S. , Nguyen A. , Ko Y.J. , Berry S. , Doherty M. , Chan K.K.W.
Published: December 2020

Background: In patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following sorafenib failure, it is unclear which treatment is most efficacious, as treatments in the second-line setting have not been directly compared and no standard therapy exists. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the clinical benefits and toxicities of these treatments. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify phase iii RCTs in advanced HCC following sorafenib failure. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of placebo were examined for heterogeneity. Primary outcomes of interest were extracted for results, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), grade 3/4 toxicities, and subgroups. An nma was conducted to compare both drugs through the intermediate placebo. Comparisons were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) for os and PFS, and as risk difference (RD) for ORR and toxicities. Subgroup analyses for OS and PFS were also performed. Results: Two RCTs were identified (1280 patients) and compared through an indirect network; CELESTIAL (cabozantinib vs. placebo) and RESORCE (regorafenib vs. placebo). Baseline characteristics of patients in both trials were similar. Both trials also had similar placebo outcomes. Cabozantinib, compared with regorafenib, showed similar os [hazard ratio (HR): 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90 to 1.62], pfs (HR: 1.02; 95% ci: 0.78 to 1.34) and ORR (−3.0%; 95% ci: −7.6% to 1.7%). Both treatments showed similar toxicities, but there were marginally higher risks of grade 3/4 hand–foot syndrome (5%; 95% ci: 0.1% to 9.8%), diarrhea (4.8%; 95% ci: 1.1% to 8.5%), and anorexia (4.4%; 95% ci: 0.8% to 8.0%) for cabozantinib. Subgroup results for os and pfs were consistent with overall results. Conclusions: Overall, this nma determined that cabozantinib and regorafenib have similar clinical benefits and toxicities for second-line HCC.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT FACTORS TO VALUE CO-CREATION OF RESIDENTS IN DA LAT CITY
Authors: Cường Phạm Viết , Nguyên Nguyễn Thị Thảo , Thức Trần Đình , Nam Nguyễn Hoài
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the factors affecting residents’ value co-creation based on their attitudes towards tourism development, community attachment, and interactions with tourists. The study was conducted using structural equation modeling to analyze data from 481 residents of Da Lat city, Lam Dong, Vietnam. The research results reveal that residents’ value co-creation is impacted by community attachment, interactions with tourists, and attitudes toward tourism development. The most impactful factor on residents’ value co-creation is their attitudes toward tourism development. However, the relationship between the residents’ interactions with tourists and their attitudes toward tourism development gives no significant results. Finally, the study proposes some managerial implications for the authorities and service providers.
Keefektifan Building Learning Commitment Terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Peserta Pelatihan
Authors: Sa'adah Nilna
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan keefektifan building learning commitment terhadap konsentrasi belajar peserta pelatihan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Adapun yang menjadi populasi adalah peserta pelatihan keahlian yang dibiayai oleh APBD APBN di UPT Pelatihan Kerja Singosari Malang. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa metode building learning commitment efektif dalam meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar peserta pelatihan.
АНАЛИЗ АКСЕЛЕРОГРАММ, ЗАПИСАННЫХ
ПРИ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИИ ВБЛИЗИ КАППIАГАЙСКОЙ ГЭС
Authors:   В. Лапин, С. Ержанов, В. Даугавет
Published: December 2020

Впервые получены инструментальные записи ускорений на объектах Капшагайской ГЭС (грунт и русловая плотина) при 4-х балльном близком землетрясении. Построены спектральные кривые β. Установлен высокочастотный характер землетрясения с
близко расположенным очагом. Приведены корреляционные функции акселерограмм. Даются
рекомендации для увеличения количества точек регистрации.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ И ИХ
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ СЫРЬЯ ДЛЯ
СТРОЙИНДУСТРИИ
Authors:   А.К. Матыева, Ж.Д. Асаналиева
Published: December 2020

Представлен обзор зарубежных и отечественных исследований по
утилизации различных промышленных отходов в производстве строительных материалов.
Рассмотрена экономическая эффективность строительных материалов и направлена на
решение экологических и социальных проблем.
УРАВНЕНИЯ МЕЛКОЙ ВОДЫ ДЛЯ
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯ СЕЛЕВОГО ПОТОКА
Authors:   Б.Т. Мекенбаев, Б.С. Ордобаев, Ч.Т. Дуйшеналиев
Published: December 2020

Приведена модель трансформации одномерных уравнений мелкой воды над
неровным дном к одному гиперболическому дифференциальному уравнению в частных производных. Решение дифференциального уравнения позволяет определить скорость и высоту потока жидкости над неровным дном. Показано, что скорость и высота потока соответственно описываются линейной и квадратичной зависимостью.
The Occurrence of Rocky Habitable-zone Planets around Solar-like Stars from Kepler Data
Authors: Bryson Steve , Kunimoto Michelle , Kopparapu Ravi K. , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Borucki William J. , Koch David , Aguirre Victor Silva , Allen Christopher , Barentsen Geert , Batalha Natalie M. , Berger Travis , Boss Alan , Buchhave Lars A. , Burke Christopher J. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Campbell Jennifer R. , Catanzarite Joseph , Chandrasekaran Hema , Chaplin William J. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen , Ciardi David R. , Clarke Bruce D. , Cochran William D. , Dotson Jessie L. , Doyle Laurance R. , Duarte Eduardo Seperuelo , Dunham Edward W. , Dupree Andrea K. , Endl Michael , Fanson James L. , Ford Eric B. , Fujieh Maura , Gautier III Thomas N. , Geary John C. , Gilliland Ronald L , Girouard Forrest R. , Gould Alan , Haas Michael R. , Henze Christopher E. , Holman Matthew J. , Howard Andrew W. , Howell Steve B. , Huber Daniel , Hunter Roger C. , Jenkins Jon M. , Kjeldsen Hans , Kolodziejczak Jeffery , Larson Kipp , Latham David W. , Li Jie , Mathur Savita , Meibom Søren , Middour Chris , Morris Robert L. , Morton Timothy D. , Mullally Fergal , Mullally Susan E. , Pletcher David , Prsa Andrej , Quinn Samuel N. , Quintana Elisa V. , Ragozzine Darin , Ramirez Solange V. , Sanderfer Dwight T. , Sasselov Dimitar , Seader Shawn E. , Shabram Megan , Shporer Avi , Smith Jeffrey C. , Steffen Jason H. , Still Martin , Torres Guillermo , Troeltzsch John , Twicken Joseph D. , Uddin Akm Kamal , Van Cleve Jeffrey E. , Voss Janice , Weiss Lauren M. , Welsh William F. , Wohler Bill , Zamudio Khadeejah A
Published: December 2020

We present the occurrence rates for rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZs) of main-sequence dwarf stars based on the Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog and Gaia-based stellar properties. We provide the first analysis in terms of star-dependent instellation flux, which allows us to track HZ planets. We define η
⊕ as the HZ occurrence of planets with radii between 0.5 and 1.5 R
⊕ orbiting stars with effective temperatures between 4800 and 6300 K. We find that η
⊕ for the conservative HZ is between

(errors reflect 68% credible intervals) and

planets per star, while the optimistic HZ occurrence is between

and

planets per star. These bounds reflect two extreme assumptions about the extrapolation of completeness beyond orbital periods where DR25 completeness data are available. The large uncertainties are due to the small number of detected small HZ planets. We find similar occurrence rates between using Poisson likelihood Bayesian analysis and using Approximate Bayesian Computation. Our results are corrected for catalog completeness and reliability. Both completeness and the planet occurrence rate are dependent on stellar effective temperature. We also present occurrence rates for various stellar populations and planet size ranges. We estimate with 95% confidence that, on average, the nearest HZ planet around G and K dwarfs is ∼6 pc away and there are ∼4 HZ rocky planets around G and K dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun.
Mutual Detectability: A Targeted SETI Strategy That Avoids the SETI Paradox
Authors: Kerins Eamonn
Published: December 2020

As our ability to undertake searches for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) grows, so does interest in the controversial endeavor of messaging extraterrestrial intelligence (METI). METI proponents point to the SETI Paradox—if all civilizations refrain from METI then SETI is futile. I introduce mutual detectability as a game-theoretic strategy to increase the success potential of targeted SETI. Mutual detectability comprises four laws that establish how SETI participants can engage each other based on mutual evidence of mutual existence. I argue that the party whom both SETI participants can judge to have better quality evidence, or common denominator information (CDI), has an onus to transmit to avoid the SETI Paradox. Transiting exoplanets within the Earth Transit Zone form a target subset that satisfies mutual detectability requirements. I identify the intrinsic time-integrated transit signal strength, which for Earth is 103 L
⊙ ppm hours yr−1, as suitable CDI. Civilizations on habitable-zone planets of radius

have superior CDI on us, and so under the mutual detectability framework have game-theory incentive (onus) to transmit. While the onus to transmit falls on us for habitable planets around L
* > L
⊙ stars, considerations of relative stellar frequency, main-sequence lifetime and planet occurrence rates mean that such systems are likely to be in a small minority. Surveys of the Earth Transit Zone for Earth-analog transiting planets around subsolar luminosity hosts would facilitate targeted SETI programs for civilizations who have game-theory incentive to transmit signals to us. A choice to remain silent, by not engaging in METI toward such systems, does not in this case fuel concerns of a SETI Paradox.
Inpainting Galactic Foreground Intensity and Polarization Maps Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Puglisi Giuseppe , Bai Xiran
Published: December 2020

The Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) have been a popular tool for image generation and restoration. In this work, we applied DCNNs to the problem of inpainting non-Gaussian astrophysical signal, in the context of Galactic diffuse emissions at the millimetric and submillimetric regimes, specifically Synchrotron and Thermal Dust emissions. Both signals are affected by contamination at small angular scales due to extragalactic radio sources (the former) and dusty star-forming galaxies (the latter). We compare the performance of the standard diffusive inpainting with that of two novel methodologies relying on DCNNs, namely Generative Adversarial Networks and Deep-Prior. We show that the methods based on the DCNNs are able to reproduce the statistical properties of the ground-truth signal more consistently with a higher confidence level. The Python Inpainter for Cosmological and AStrophysical SOurces (PICASSO) is a package encoding a suite of inpainting methods described in this work and has been made publicly available at http://giuspugl.github.io/picasso/.
Hot Jupiter and Ultra-cold Saturn Formation in Dense Star Clusters
Authors: Wang Yi-Han , Leigh Nathan W. C. , Perna Rosalba , Shara Michael M.
Published: December 2020

The discovery of high incidence of hot Jupiters in dense clusters challenges the field-based hot Jupiter formation theory. In dense clusters, interactions between planetary systems and flyby stars are relatively common. This has a significant impact on planetary systems, dominating hot Jupiter formation. In this paper, we perform high precision, few-body simulations of stellar flybys and subsequent planet migration in clusters. A large parameter space exploration demonstrates that close flybys that change the architecture of the planetary system can activate high eccentricity migration mechanisms: LK and planet–planet scattering, leading to high hot Jupiter formation rate in dense clusters. Our simulations predict that many of the hot Jupiters are accompanied by “ultra-cold Saturns,” expelled to apastra of thousands of astronomical units. This increase is particularly remarkable for planetary systems originally hosting two giant planets with semimajor axis ratios of ∼4 and the flyby star approaching nearly perpendicular to the planetary orbital plane. The estimated lower limit to the hot Jupiter formation rate of a virialized cluster is

Gyr−1 per star, where σ is the cluster velocity dispersion, a
p is the size of the planetary system, and M
c is the mass of the cluster. Our simulations yield a hot Jupiter abundance that is ∼50 times smaller than that observed in the old open cluster M67. We expect that interactions involving binary stars, as well as a third or more giant planets, will close the discrepancy.
Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of the Lowest-mass Galaxies: A Case Study of IC 1613
Authors: Zheng Yong , Emerick Andrew , Putman Mary E. , Werk Jessica K. , Kirby Evan N. , Peek Joshua
Published: December 2020

Using 10 sight lines observed with the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, we study the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and outflows of IC 1613, which is a low-mass (M
* ∼ 108
M
⊙), dwarf irregular galaxy on the outskirts of the Local Group. Among the sight lines, four are pointed toward UV-bright stars in IC 1613, and the other six sight lines are background QSOs at impact parameters from 6 kpc (<0.1R
200) to 61 kpc (0.6R
200). We detect a number of Si ii, Si iii, Si iv, C ii, and C iv absorbers, most of which have velocities less than the escape velocity of IC 1613 and thus are gravitationally bound. The line strengths of these ion absorbers are consistent with the CGM absorbers detected in dwarf galaxies at low redshifts. Assuming that Si ii, Si iii, and Si iv comprise nearly 100% of the total silicon, we find 3% (∼8 × 103
M
⊙), 2% (∼7 × 103
M
⊙), and 32%–42% [∼(1.0–1.3) × 105
M
⊙] of the silicon mass in the stars, interstellar medium, and within 0.6R
200 of the CGM of IC 1613. We also estimate the metal outflow rate to be

and the instantaneous metal mass loading factor to be η
Z ≥ 0.004, which are in broad agreement with available observation and simulation values. This work is the first time a dwarf galaxy of such low mass is probed by a number of both QSO and stellar sight lines, and it shows that the CGM of low-mass, gas-rich galaxies can be a large reservoir enriched with metals from past and ongoing outflows.
SCORCH. III. Analytical Models of Reionization with Varying Clumping Factors
Authors: Chen Nianyi , Doussot Aristide , Trac Hy , Cen Renyue
Published: December 2020

In the Simulations and Constructions of the Reionization of Cosmic Hydrogen (SCORCH) project, we compare analytical models of the hydrogen ionization fraction with radiation–hydrodynamic simulations. We derive analytical models of the mass-weighted hydrogen ionization fraction from the local ionization balance equations as a more accurate alternative to the widely adopted model based on the volume filling factor. In particular, our model has a recombination term quadratic in the ionization fraction, which is consistent with the two-body interaction nature of recombination. Then, we use the radiation–hydrodynamic simulations to study the clumping factors needed to solve the analytical equations and provide accurate fitting functions. We find that the ionized hydrogen clumping factors from our radiative transfer simulations are significantly different than those from other simulations that use a uniform photoionization background. In addition to redshift dependence, we also see the dependence of the ionized hydrogen clumping factor on ionization fraction, and we incorporate this into our fits. We calculate the reionization histories using our analytical models and clumping factors and compare with widely adopted models, and all of our models achieve <7% difference from simulation results, while the other models have >20% deviations. The Thomson optical depths from reionization calculated from our analytical models result in <5% deviation from simulations, while the previous analytical models have a >20% difference and could result in biased conclusions of the intergalactic medium reionization.
Effects of high-intensity interval training and flaxseed oil supplement on learning, memory and immobility: relationship with BDNF and TrkB genes
Authors: Rahmati-Ahmadabad S. , Azarbayjani M.-A. , Broom D.R. , Nasehi M.
Published: December 2020

This study examined the independent and combined effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and flaxseed oil supplementation on cognitive/executive functions in middle-aged rats. Hippocampal neurotropic brain factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) gene expression were also measured. Animals were randomly divided into groups including no exercise control and saline (CS), no exercise control and flaxseed oil supplement (CF), exercise training-and saline (TS) and exercise training and flaxseed oil supplement (TF). The training groups undertook a program of HIIT (10 weeks, five sessions per week) and the supplement groups received flaxseed oil supplement (300 mg/kg). The results showed that HIIT and flaxseed oil supplementation independently had positive effects on memory and learning (P<0.05). HIIT and flaxseed oil independently decreased immobility behaviour and increased hippocampal BDNF and TrkB genes expression (P<0.05). HIIT and flaxseed oil combination had a greater effect on some variables (hippocampal TrkB gene expression, memory and immobility) compared to each intervention alone (P<0.05). In conclusion, HIIT and flaxseed oil can independently improve cognitive/executive functions. In addition, HIIT had a greater positive effect than flaxseed oil supplementation on memory and immobility. The combination of HIIT and flaxseed oil supplement had a more positive effect compared to each intervention alone on memory, and immobility. Hippocampal BDNF gene expression did not significantly differ in the combination or independent groups. Thus, future work is needed on several other genes in different segments of the brain to find the additive-mechanisms involved in memory and immobility regulation and younger and older species of rat should be examined.
Blended Teaching Strategies for Art Design Major Courses in Colleges
Authors: Gao Yu
Published: December 2020

The blended teaching has not been well implemented in art design major courses of colleges. Neither has the performance of this teaching mode in course teaching been correctly evaluated. To solve the problem, this paper attempts to design suitable blended teaching strategies for art design major courses in colleges. To this end, a theoretical analysis was carried out on how blended teaching promotes the effects of modern art design education and course teaching. On this basis, several strategies were presented to implement blended teaching in art design major courses of colleges. From the perspec-tive of engineering application, the authors established an evaluation index system and an evaluation analysis model for the performance of blended teaching in art design major courses, and thereby managed to quantify the teaching performance. The research results provide a theoretical basis and a practical solution for the implementation of blended teaching in art design major courses.
Proposal of Methodology for Evaluation of Ergonomics of Teaching Materials Using Eye Tracking
Authors: Smolka Pavel , Žáček Martin , Konečná Petra
Published: December 2020

Educational materials are a key component of the educational process. In this respect, it is an instrument that is essential throughout the education pro-cess and where quality plays a key role. The quality of educational materials must be assessed in terms of expertise and timeliness, and in terms of ob-servance and application of didactic and pedagogical principles. Only high-quality educational materials bring greater efficiency to the entire education process. An essential aspect of assessing the quality of educational materials is also their ergonomics. That is, assessing whether the educational material works in accordance with the author's ideas. The principle of ergonomics, which includes comprehensibility and user-friendliness, is already common-ly used in the design of web pages or advertising flyers. Their aim is also to communicate information and lead the attention of the reader. This article is devoted to the definition of the methodology by which we evaluate this er-gonomics for educational materials and based on research we are able to formulate recommendations in this area.
Vertov ou l’apothéose de l’appareil
Authors: Krajewski Pascal
Published: December 2020

L’article étudie comment le concept d’Appareil proposé par Jean-Louis Déotte pourrait s’éclairer du travail de Dziga Vertov, qui opta pour une approche réflexive, aussi pratique que théorique, de l’art cinématographique. En effet, les films de Vertov sont les premiers à avoir exhibé le cinéma en son dispositif, exploré son esthétique vibrionnante, réfléchi sur son impact politique et tenté de montrer la vérité de l’homme contemporain. Vertov faisait du cinéma documentaire comme un militant, un militant du cinéma-vérité et de la fabrique des faits fondés sur la connaissance, l’expérimentation et l’apparition de son médium de prédilection, à savoir les images cinématographiques d’archive.