bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CCN3: lactational bone booster
Authors: Xu Nathan , Yang Kyle , Wang Mengjie
Published: December 2024

Mammalian reproduction requires that nursing mothers transfer large amounts of calcium to their offspring through milk. Meeting this demand requires the activation of a brain-breast-bone circuit during lactation that coordinates changes in systemic hormones, dietary calcium intake, skeletal turnover, and calcium transport into milk. Classically, increased bone resorption via increased parathyroid hormone-related protein and low estrogen levels is the main source of calcium for milk production during lactation. Over the past few decades, investigators have described many aspects of this brain-breast-bone axis during lactation, yet many unanswered questions remain. Using a comprehensive set of parabiosis coupled with in vivo µCT, bone transplant studies, cell culturing and differentiation assays, mouse genetic models, pharmacologic interventions, hepatic viral transduction, and sequencing analysis, a recent study discovered that cellular communication network factor 3 (CCN3), derived from ARHERα/Kiss1 neurons, functions as an osteogenic hormone to sustain bone formation and progeny survival during lactation. Compelling evidence has been presented to show that (1) CCN3 expression in ARHERα/Kiss1 neurons fluctuates, almost exclusively appearing during lactation; (2) CCN3 stimulates mouse and human skeletal stem cell activity, increases bone remodeling and fracture repair in young and old mice of both sexes; (3) knockdown Ccn3 transcripts in the ARHKiss1 neurons in lactating dams causes devastating bone loss and failure to sustain progeny survival. These findings suggested that the stage-specific expression of CCN3 in female ARHERα/Kiss1 neurons during lactation is a newly identified brain-bone axis evolved to sustain the skeleton in mammalian mothers and offspring.
Immobilization of manganese in solution and soil contaminated with trivalent chromium using biochars
Authors: Jee Hyo Kyung , Kim Han Na , Park Jin Hee
Published: December 2024

Mn (manganese) exists in various oxidation states in soil, and Mn2+ is the most mobile species of Mn, which is toxic to plants and restricts their growth. When soil is contaminated with trivalent chromium (Cr3+), Mn oxides in the soil are reduced to Mn2+ by oxidizing Cr3+ while oxidized Cr is subsequently reduced back to Cr3+ by organic matter in soil, leaving Mn2+ and Cr3+ in the soil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to immobilize Mn2+ without altering the Cr species in the soil and to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar treatment in immobilizing both Mn2+ and Cr³⁺ in Cr³⁺-contaminated soil. Biochars derived from different sources including rice bran (RB), chicken manure (CM) and cow manure (WM) were tested for Mn adsorption and the chicken manure derived-biochar showed the highest removal efficiency (100%) for Mn in Mn solution. Moreover, 100% of both Mn²⁺ and Cr³⁺ were removed in Mn²⁺ and Cr³⁺ mixed solution without oxidizing Cr3+. In Mn2+ and Cr3+ mixed solution, initially 1.7% of Cr³⁺ was oxidized to Cr⁶⁺ by Mn, which was subsequently reduced back to Cr³⁺ by biochar, leading to its complete adsorption. In Cr3+ spiked soils treated with 5% and 10% CM biochar, bioavailable Mn and Cr concentrations were significantly reduced. Therefore, biochar is a promising amendment for reducing the bioavailability of Mn and Cr limiting Cr3+ oxidation in Cr3+ contaminated soils.
Understanding collaboration in short food supply chains: a focus on collaborative relationships, interaction mechanisms and relational benefits
Authors: Stoeva S. , Van Gompel R. , Van den Bossche L. , Rogge E. , Slavova P. , Grivins M. , Mileiko I.
Published: December 2024

The article provides an original conceptual framework to advance the knowledge of short food supply chains (SFSCs) collaboration by bridging supply chain management approaches with empirical evidence from the agri-food sector. Through an in-depth analysis of 14 initiatives across Europe, it explores the multi-faceted nature of SFSCs collaboration, revealing a complex interplay between collaborative relationships, interaction mechanisms, and relational benefits. By identifying seven key interaction mechanisms—information sharing, decision synchronisation, goal congruence, incentive alignment, resource sharing, joint knowledge creation, and collaborative communication—the article shows how these mechanisms generate both tangible and intangible relational benefits, including fair pricing, reduced transaction costs, enhanced market knowledge, technological skills, and stronger community engagement. The findings demonstrate that SFSCs collaborations operate as dynamic ecosystems characterised by complex interdependencies among diverse actors. This diversity extends beyond traditional business-to-business (B2B) models to include business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-business (C2B), and hybrid business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) relationships. These varied collaborative structures facilitate mutual learning, innovation, and value co-creation, crucial for the resilience and adaptability of local food systems. The presence of robust interaction mechanisms is essential for fostering effective partnerships and generating relational benefits, even if not all mechanisms are consistently present in every type of collaborative relationships.
Muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius during growth
Authors: Mogi Yasuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

Muscle architecture is closely related to muscle function. Increased knowledge of growth changes in muscle architecture will provide insights into the development of human movements and sports performance during the growth period. However, it is unclear how the muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) grows. This study examined the effects of growth on the muscle architecture of MG.

Methods

The brightness-mode ultrasonography technique was used to measure the muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length of MG in 146 Japanese boys aged to 6.2 − 17.9 years. The relative muscle thickness was calculated by dividing the absolute muscle thickness by body mass1/3. The years from the age at peak height velocity were estimated for each participant, and used as the maturity index. A simple regression analysis was performed for the two variables in the full age range, as well as separately for the 5 − 12 years and 12 − 19 years subgroups.

Results and conclusion

The maturity index and chronological age were positively correlated with the relative muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length of MG. Subgroup analyses showed that chronological age was significantly correlated with the pennation angle, fascicle length, and absolute muscle thickness, except for the pennation angle of the 5 − 12 years subgroup. The present results indicate that muscle hypertrophy and elongation of fascicle length occur with growth. Our findings also suggest that the growth changes in pennation angle of MG differ between pre-adolescence and adolescence.
Hiding in plain sight: eating disorders in diverse populations - a case for comprehensive medical education
Authors: Brown Tashalee R. , Jansen Madeline O. , Hirsch Drew , Amir Habiba , Duncan Alexis E. , Nicol Ginger E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Training gaps regarding the diagnosis and management of eating disorders in diverse populations, including racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minoritized groups, have not been thoroughly examined.

Objective

This study aimed to examine resident physicians’ knowledge and attitudes regarding eating disorders in diverse populations, with a focus on areas for improved training and intervention.

Methods

Ninety-two resident physicians in internal medicine, emergency medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery at an academic center completed an online survey from 12/1/2020–3/1/2021, which comprised multiple choice and vignette-style open-ended questions to assess knowledge and attitudes toward the management and clinical presentations of eating disorders. Overall, the survey response rate was 25.7%. Descriptive statistics were reported. Vignette-style questions were analyzed using inductive coding and the frequency of responses was reported.

Results

A minority of resident physicians self-reported confidence in their knowledge of the medical complications (n = 42, 45%), risk factors (n = 38, 41%), and clinical presentations (n = 32, 35%) associated with eating disorders. Responses to vignette-style questions correctly identified relevant management methods (such as electrolyte monitoring and referral to specialty care), but demonstrated limited knowledge of the clinical presentation of eating disorders. Furthermore, most respondents reported a lack of knowledge regarding eating disorders in sexual and gender minoritized patients (n = 68, 73.9%) as well as racial and ethnic minoritized patients (n = 64, 69.6%).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest concerning gaps in knowledge and confidence among resident physicians with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders, particularly in racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minoritized patients. Moreover, responses to vignette-like questions indicate significant homogeneity in respondents’ perceptions of the clinical presentation of eating disorders, reflecting cultural biases which associate eating disorders with underweight, young, female patients. The majority did not feel competent in treating eating disorders in diverse populations and expressed desire for additional training in this area. More research is needed to better understand and address these gaps in eating disorder training, with the goal of increasing equity in patient outcomes.
PCSK9 in T-cell function and the immune response
Authors: Wang Yuying , Fang Xiaosheng , Liu Jiarui , Lv Xiao , Lu Kang , Lu Yingxue , Jiang Yujie
Published: December 2024

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was first reported in 2003 and confirmed to be strongly associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting PCSK9 provide an effective and safe method for managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing the cardiovascular risk. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated other important roles for PCSK9 in inflammation, tumors, and even immune regulation. PCSK9 might be an attractive regulator of T-cell activation and expansion. It might mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the field of PCSK9 and provide a narrative of the biological processes associated with PCSK9. The relationships between PCSK9 and different T cells were investigated in depth. Finally, the signaling pathways associated with PCSK9 and the immune response are also summarized in this review.
Tracing the evolution of ancient Chinese military science through classical texts
Authors: Wu Mengcheng , Wang Dongbo
Published: December 2024

The diachronic evolution of ancient Chinese military science is replete with profound philosophy and rich practical experience. This paper aims to delve into the diachronic evolution of the content of ancient Chinese military texts from the perspective of information science, utilizing information technology to address the primary research problem of how ancient military thought and practices evolved over time. By collecting representative military texts from various historical periods in China and supplementing the data with translations via machine translation technology, a comprehensive corpus of ancient Chinese military texts has been constructed. Based on this corpus, various methods such as BERTopic topic modeling, automatic summarization, and named entity recognition have been employed to meticulously explore and analyze the themes, ideas, and technologies within these ancient military texts. The results indicate that the inheritance of the ideas from “The Art of War” by Sun Tzu is primarily concentrated in the Warring States period and the Song and Yuan dynasties. Moreover, the themes and technologies in ancient Chinese military texts exhibit a trend of gradual enrichment and diversification over the course of history.
Impact of implicit government guarantee on the credit spread of urban construction investment bonds
Authors: Chen Rongda , Li Han , Tang Xuhui , Jin Chenglu , Zhang Shuonan , Zhang Xinyu
Published: December 2024

Financing sources for urban construction have garnered significant attention globally. Among various financing methods, the urban construction investment bond (UCIB) is unique to China. The UCIB credit spread, which represents the compensation for credit risk, has become a focal point for researchers. However, owing to shortcomings of previous approaches, few scholars have accurately assessed the impact of implicit government guarantees on credit spreads. This study introduces an innovative approach that uses orthogonal decomposition to extract proprietary information from credit ratings, reflecting implicit government guarantees. After accounting for bond factors, local government financing vehicle factors, and macroeconomic conditions, the implicit government guarantee substantially reduces the UCIB's credit spread. This conclusion remains robust when controlling for investor attention, regional factors, or duration.
Comparative investigation of specific enzyme activities in the organs and tissues of the skin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae)
Authors: Arafa Safaa Zaky , Abd El-Hady El-Sayed Kasem , El-Abbassy Samir Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background

Macrogyrodactylus congolensis is a pathogenic skin parasite that infects the economically important fish Clarias gariepinus. Little is known about the physiology and histochemistry of M. congolensis. This study aims to investigate the localization of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase activities within the main organs and tissues of M. congolensis.

Results

Using histochemical methods, the study revealed predominant positive enzyme reactivities throughout the body of M. congolensis, with each enzyme demonstrating distinct localization patterns across various organs and tissues. All five enzymes were detected in the intestine, testis, vesicula seminalis, and excretory canal. Nerve cells and cerebral region exhibited positive reactions for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. The subtegumental cells showed positive reactions only for alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, implying a specialized function in the parasite’s protective mechanisms and host-parasite interaction. Compared to other gyrodactylids infecting the same host, M. congolensis exhibited more pronounced enzymatic activities.

Conclusion

The enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were more prominent in most tissues and organs of M. congolensis. The localization and distribution patterns differed from those observed in other gyrodactylids infecting the same host, suggesting potential biological differences, such as variations in embryonic development. The study’s findings may help in developing treatments or management strategies in aquaculture, where skin parasites can significantly affect fish health and economic viability.
Population trends of the sugarcane leaf hopper Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Homoptera: Lophopidae) and its parasitoids in relation to weather factors in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Tanveer Saba , Maurya R. P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) is an important pest of sugarcane ecosystem in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand state of India. The study focused on investigating the population dynamics of Pyrilla (sugarcane leaf hopper) and its parasitoids under the natural field conditions.

Results

During the study, two important parasitoids, viz., Fulgoraecia Melanoleuca, a nymphal/adult parasitoid (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae), and Cheiloneurus pyrillae, an egg parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were found associated with the sugarcane leaf hopper. The peak mean population of ecto-parasitoid, F. melanoleuca cocoon, was observed in November 2022–23 and 2023–24. The morning hour relative humidity showed a negative significant relation with the cocoon population. The maximum parasitization of nymphs and adults Pyrilla was found to be 46.7 and 46.0%, respectively, from September to October during 2022–23 and 2023–24 crop seasons, after that the declining trend in parasitization by F. melanoleuca was observed. An increasing trend was recorded in egg parasitization in July, when the maximum mean population density of Pyrilla egg batches (2.28 /leaf), nymphs (4.75/leaf) and adults (4.58/leaf) was found. Temperature and relative humidity had significant correlations with Pyrilla egg batches.

Conclusion

Overall, the study outlines the presence of Pyrilla and its naturally occurring parasitoids in the sugarcane ecosystem, along with the effects of weather conditions on Pyrilla’s population density and the parasitization rates of the parasitoids. The peak activity period of pest and its parasitoids was reported from September to November. Weather factors such as temperature ranging from 16 to 37.25 °C and relative humidity (62.7–93.8%) played a significant role in affecting their density and parasitization.
Early peripheral blood gene expression (Cyp4A11 and Cyp2E1) in cases of brain ischemia in addict cases admitted to Benha university hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nashwa E. , Nagah Amina M. , Mohamed Omima R. , Mahmoud Ghada Mohamed , Elwia Sania K.
Published: December 2024

Background

Stroke is a major neurological disorder often exacerbated by substance abuse, including tramadol and cannabis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying stroke pathogenesis in drug users can improve diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the roles of CYP4A11, CYP2E1, miR-27b, and miR-214-3p in the pathogenesis of stroke and their potential as diagnostic markers in individuals using tramadol and cannabis.

Results

Our findings indicate that CYP4A11 and CYP2E1 are significantly upregulated in the brain tissues of stroke patients who use tramadol and cannabis. Additionally, miR-27b and miR-214-3p levels were markedly altered, suggesting their involvement in stroke pathogenesis. The combined analysis of these biomarkers provided a robust diagnostic model with high sensitivity and specificity for identifying stroke in the context of drug addiction.

Conclusions

CYP4A11, CYP2E1, miR-27b, and miR-214-3p play critical roles in the pathogenesis of stroke in tramadol and cannabis users. These biomarkers hold promise as diagnostic tools, offering potential for early detection and personalized treatment strategies for stroke in drug-addicted populations. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic implications.
The use of human antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in broiler chicken and domestic pig farming in Tanzania
Authors: Kimera Zuhura I. , Balandya Emmanuel C. , Matee Mecky I. N. , Adams Lisa V.
Published: December 2024

Background

The use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Tanzania has led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality and improved quality of life among people living with HIV infection. However, the ease of access and availability of the drugs has, in some cases, led to misuse of the ARV in areas such as animal farming, posing a risk of the emergence of ARV resistance. The study’s objective was to investigate the use of ARV in animal farming and the factors associated with ARV use. We conducted a cross-sectional study in three regions (Dar es Salaam, Iringa, and Mbeya) using focus group discussions. The researchers used NVivo 12 software for qualitative data analysis.

Results

A total of 113 participants participated in this study. The participants mentioned the use of veterinary, human, and local medicines to be prevalent. The drivers for such usage are disease treatment and prevention, growth promotion, counterfeited drugs, higher cost of animal feeds, profit maximization, market competition, advice from veterinary drug sellers, and easy availability and accessibility of medicines. New Castle, respiratory diseases, and diarrhea were the most common diseases affecting broiler chickens, while limb paralysis, swine fever, and skin diseases were prominent in domestic pigs. The Dar es Salaam region has a scarcity of extension officers compared to the Mbeya and Iringa regions. Almost all FGD participants reported hearing about the use of ARVs and family planning injectable and pills. Some of the participants agreed to use these drugs for growth promotion since they are effective.

Conclusion

High usage of veterinary, human, and other medicines, including ARVs, in animal production predisposes the Tanzanian community to public health threats, including antibiotic and antiretroviral resistance. We recommend implementing urgent mitigation strategies to control the misuse of human ARVs in animal production.
Circ-PDE1C/miR-766-3p/SGTB axis regulates the IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in human chondrocytes
Authors: Gao Lixia , He Tao , Hu Qingkui , Ma Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease. Circular RNA Phosphodiesterase 1 C (circ-PDE1C, hsa_circ_0134111) has participated in the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte damages. The objective of our study was to explore the molecular mechanism of circ-PDE1C.

Methods

Circ-PDE1C, microRNA-766-3p (miR-766-3p) or Small Glutamine Rich Tetratricopeptide Repeat Co-Chaperone Beta (SGTB) expression was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting assay was performed for protein detection. The inflammatory cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress was assessed by commercial kits. Target analysis was conducted by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay.

Results

Circ-PDE1C was abnormally overexpressed in OA tissues and IL-1β-exposed chondrocytes. Downregulation of circ-PDE1C alleviated the IL-1β-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and oxidative stress. Circ-PDE1C could interact with miR-766-3p to serve as miRNA sponge. The function of si-circ-PDE1C was attributed to the inhibition of miR-766-3p. Additionally, miR-766-3p directly targeted the 3’UTR of SGTB. The miR-766-3p upregulation impeded the IL-1β-triggered cell damages through reducing the level of SGTB. Moreover, SGTB expression was regulated by circ-PDE1C via binding to miR-766-3p in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes.

Conclusion

Altogether, circ-PDE1C enhanced the IL-1β-induced dysfunction in chondrocytes via upregulating SGTB by targeting miR-766-3p.
A novel approach for detecting malicious hosts based on RE-GCN in intranet
Authors: Xu Haochen , Geng Xiaoyu , Liu Junrong , Lu Zhigang , Jiang Bo , Liu Yuling
Published: December 2024

Internal network attacks pose a serious security threat to enterprises and organizations, potentially leading to critical information leaks and network system damage. Hosts, as the core data and service bearers, are often primary targets of cyber attacks. Therefore, accurately identifying hosts with malicious behavior in the network is crucial. However, detecting malicious hosts on this intranet presents several challenges. Firstly, the network state is unstructured data that dynamically changes in real-time. Secondly, the large amount of normal traffic in the network drowns out the traces generated by malicious behaviors, leading to the problem of category imbalance. Lastly, the traditional graph neural network model has limitations in processing edge information and is unable to directly learn the information in netflow. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a malicious host detection system. The system extracts the Host Communication Graph by time slicing and uses a random undersampling method to balance samples. For malicious host detection, this paper proposes the Relational-Edge Graph Convolutional Network (RE-GCN) model, which can directly aggregate and learn features on edges and use them to accurately classify nodes, compared to other GNN models. Comparative experiments were conducted on various netflow datasets, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Our approach outperformed other common GNN models in detecting malicious hosts.
In vivo kinematic analysis of failure cases after nonanatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a preliminary study
Authors: Kage Tomofumi , Taketomi Shuji , Tomita Tetsuya , Yamazaki Takaharu , Yamagami Ryota , Kono Kenichi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Murakami Ryo , Arakawa Takahiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Inui Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae
Published: December 2024

Background

Nonanatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction occasionally induces ACL failure without an evident injury episode, necessitating revision surgery. Although the in vivo kinematics of ACL deficiency before primary ACL reconstruction are well documented, the kinematics of ACL failure after nonanatomical reconstruction remain unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate ACL failure kinematics following nonanatomical reconstruction.

Patients and methods

This study enrolled three patients with ACL failure after nonanatomical reconstruction, 20 normal and 16 ACL-deficient knees. The anteroposterior (AP) translation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and center of the femur and femoral rotation relative to the tibia during squatting were evaluated using a two- to three-dimensional registration technique under fluoroscopy.

Results

Medial AP translation of the nonanatomically reconstructed knee in one patient showed posterior location and abnormal kinematics compared with the ACL-deficient knees. In contrast, the lateral AP position of the nonanatomically reconstructed knees in two patients were more posteriorly located and showed more abnormal kinematics than the ACL-deficient knees. Central AP translation of the nonanatomically reconstructed knees in two patients was located more posteriorly throughout the range of midflexion. Femoral rotation of the nonanatomically reconstructed knees showed abnormal kinematics compared with that of the normal and ACL-deficient knees.

Conclusions

By independently assessing the medial and lateral aspects of the femur, the medial or lateral condyle of the femur of nonanatomically reconstructed knees exhibited a more pronounced abnormality compared with ACL-deficient knees. The femur of the nonanatomically reconstructed knees showed abnormal rotational kinematics. Considering the kinematic aspect, nonanatomical ACL reconstruction should be avoided.
A reflective study on adopting inquiry-based science teaching methods
Authors: Aidoo Benjamin
Published: December 2024

This paper is based on a reflection of my interest in science, views about science, science teacher education, and science teaching experiences. Using the self-study, I explored how my training in science education has influenced my interest in teaching science using inquiry-based learning. Anutoethnography approach was systematically used to describe and analyze my experiences through the transformation to identify my professional learning identity. Multiple data sources from academic learning, teaching experiences, workshops, and documents from lesson plans and curricula documents enabled me to understand my professional practice and build professional identity. The findings showed that teachers professional learning positively impacts their beliefs about IBL. Teachers with positive attitudes toward adopting IBL approach as facilitators are supported by their previous learning experiences. Teachers experiences in adopting IBL are influenced by their professional growth through their learning experiences and involvement in a collaborating learning community. in addition, teacher-reflective learning enables them to develop new PCK that allows them to use prior experiences to adopt strategies that could motivate students to engage in learning activities that enhance their thinking to solve problems in their inquiry lessons. Further, classroom discussions and reflections with students impact their understanding of concepts for knowledge construction. These findings suggest that engaging students in inquiry learning can be an effective way for teachers to develop their competencies to teach science, especially when responding to students questions. The findings highlight the need for integrating IBSE in teacher education programs focusing on the development of pedagogy, content and knowledge. Such development for teacher preparation could support the future teachers, in-service teachers for IBL induction and PCK for ongoing reflections for improvement in their science classroom practices.
Clinicolaboratory characteristics and 1-year survival among group 1 pulmonary hypertension in a university hospital
Authors: Ahmed Mostafa K. , Tohamy Ali M. , Ali Mostafa H. , Seedik Mohamed I. , Wafy Safa M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life-threatening disorder of the pulmonary vascular system that can lead to right-sided heart failure, respiratory failure, and death. Still, more knowledge is needed to understand this complex disease. The study objective is to evaluate the clinicolaboratory characteristics of group 1 pulmonary hypertension patients and their survival in the Assiut University pulmonary hypertension unit throughout the study time.

Patients and methods

Consecutive patients were referred to the Assiut University Chest Department Pulmonary Hypertension unit in collaboration with the cardiology department for diagnosis and management. Patients were diagnosed as group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) included in the study. Patient demographic data, clinical presentation, electrocardiography, laboratory data, and invasive and noninvasive hemodynamics at presentation were recorded. The patients were followed through the study time to identify their survival.

Results

Out of 40 patients referred to the pulmonary hypertension unit throughout the study period, 29 patients have group 1 PH and were included. Their mean age was 44.10 ± 15.14 years, most of them were females (86.2%), 44.8% of patients presented with WHO functional class II, 48.3% of patients with FC III, and 6.9% of patients with FC IV. The mean 6 min walking distance was 256.97 ± 89.46 m. Pulmonary artery catheterization hemodynamic parameters were mean pulmonary artery pressure 52.48 ± 18.24 mmHg, pulmonary vascular resistance 13.32 ± 7.31 WU, cardiac index 2.32 ± 0.83 L/min/m2, and mixed venous oxygen saturation 59.6 ± 7%. The mean follow-up duration is 12.6 ± 8.8 months, and their survival at the end of study time was 82.35%. Serum uric acid, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and age are predictors of disease progression and mortality.

Conclusion

Group 1 pulmonary hypertension is an uncommon complex disease with a difficult early diagnosis. Its clinical presentation varies from insidious breathlessness, syncope, palpitation, and obvious right heart failure. Some factors as serum uric acid, pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and age are associated with prognosis. One-year survival was 82.35%.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT0479145.
Endocrine Controls of Skin Aging
Authors: Böhm Markus , Stegemann Agatha , Paus Ralf , Kleszczyński Konrad , Maity Pallab , Wlaschek Meinhard , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin
Published: December 2024

Skin is the largest organ of the human body and undergoes both intrinsic (chronological) and extrinsic aging. While intrinsic skin aging is driven by genetic and epigenetic factors, extrinsic aging is mediated by external threats such as UV irradiation or fine particular matters, the sum of which is referred to as exposome. The clinical manifestations and biochemical changes are different between intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging, albeit overlapping features exist, eg, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, extracellular matrix degradation, telomere shortening, increased lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage. As skin is a prominent target for many hormones, the molecular and biochemical processes underlying intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging are under tight control of classical neuroendocrine axes. However, skin is also an endocrine organ itself, including the hair follicle, a fully functional neuroendocrine “miniorgan.” Here we review pivotal hormones controlling human skin aging focusing on IGF-1, a key fibroblast-derived orchestrator of skin aging, of GH, estrogens, retinoids, and melatonin. The emerging roles of additional endocrine players, ie, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a central player of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; members of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis; oxytocin, endocannabinoids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators, are also reviewed. Until now, only a limited number of these hormones, mainly topical retinoids and estrogens, have found their way into clinical practice as anti-skin aging compounds. Further research into the biological properties of endocrine players or its derivatives may offer the development of novel senotherapeutics for the treatment and prevention of skin aging.
The role of lin-12 notch in C. elegans anchor cell proliferation
Authors: Hajnal Alex , Deng Ting , Lattmann Evelyn
Published: December 2024

The gonadal anchor cell (AC) is an essential organizer for the development of the egg-laying organ in the C. elegans hermaphrodite. Recent work has investigated the mechanisms that control the quiescent state the AC adopts while fulfilling its functions. In this context, the transcription factors EGL-43 and NHR-67 are required to maintain the G1 cell cycle arrest of the AC and prevent proliferation. While NHR-67 acts primarily by up-regulating the CDK inhibitor CKI-1, the role of EGL-43 in this process has been subject to debate. Deng et al. (2020) reported that inhibition of the notch receptor lin-12 by RNAi partially suppressed the AC proliferation phenotype caused by egl-43 RNAi. By contrast, Martinez et al. (2022) found that down-regulation of LIN-12 NOTCH via the auxin-inducible degradation system did not reduce AC proliferation. To resolve this issue, we performed egl-43 RNAi in the background of a lin-12 null allele and observed a similar suppression of AC proliferation as reported previously by Deng et al. (2020). Hence, AC proliferation caused by the downregulation of egl-43 partially depends on LIN-12 NOTCH signaling.
Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Blood Pressure in Females Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Tremblay Renaud , Marcotte-Chénard Alexis , Deslauriers Lara , Boulay Pierre , Boisvert François-Michel , Geraldes Pedro , Gayda Mathieu , Christou Demetra D. , Little Jonathan P. , Mampuya Warner , Riesco Eléonor
Published: December 2024

Background: The acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure (BP) may depend on the exercise protocol performed. Purpose: To compare the acute effect of high and low-volume HIIT on post-exercise and ambulatory BP in untrained older females diagnosed with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). Methods: Fifteen females (69 [65 ─ 74] years) completed a crossover study with three experimental conditions: 1) REST (35 min in sitting position); 2) HIIT10 (10 × 1 min at 90% heart rate max [HRmax]), and 3) HIIT4 (4 × 4 min at 90% HRmax). After each experimental condition, BP was measured under controlled (4 hours) and in subsequent free-living conditions (20 hours). Results: In the controlled post-condition 4-hour period, no significant interaction (time × condition) was observed for all BP parameters (p ≥ 0.082). Similarly, during the subsequent 20-hour free-living ambulatory monitoring (diurnal and nocturnal), no differences between conditions were detected (p ≥ 0.094). A significant reduction in nighttime pulse pressure was observed in both HIIT4 and HIIT10 compared to REST (46 [44 ─ 50], 45 [42 ─ 53] vs. 50 [45 ─ 57] mmHg, respectively; p ≤ 0.018) with no differences between HIIT conditions (p = 0.316). Changes in nocturnal systolic BP approached but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.068). Conclusions: This study suggests that in untrained older females living with T2D and HTN, the HIIT10 and HIIT4 protocols have very limited to no acute effect on post-exercise and ambulatory BP. The fact that the vast majority of participants had well-controlled office and ambulatory BP values as well as low cardiorespiratory fitness could explain these findings.
Sleep Deprivation Elevates Resting and Exercise Blood Pressures and Augments Pressor Response at Exercise Onset
Authors: Hori Amane , Su Xin , Sagasaki Shota , Saito Ryuji , Suijo Kenichi , Miyata Seiko , Hasegawa Daisuke , Mizuno Masaki , Hotta Norio
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Sleep deprivation and elevated blood pressure (BP) increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of sleep deprivation on BP response, especially at exercise onset remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the effects of experimental sleep deprivation (ESD) on resting and exercise BPs, including that at exercise onset, and investigate whether a night-time nap during ESD changes the ESD-altered BP.

Methods

Twelve healthy young men underwent 2-min submaximal isometric elbow flexion (IEF) exercise to measure BP after 7 days of normal sleep (control trial), 24-h ESD (ESD trial), and ESD with a 2-h night-time nap (ESD + NAP trial), which were randomly performed.

Results

ESD significantly elevated the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest (85.8 ± 8.0 to 93.3 ± 5.1 mmHg, P = 0.003) and at the last minute of IEF (116.9 ± 13.0 to 126.2 ± 11.8 mmHg, P = 0.003) compared with that observed in the control trial. At IEF onset (the initial 15 s), ESD significantly elevated the MAP (88.7 ± 12.6 to 103.1 ± 8.8 mmHg, P < 0.001) and augmented the MAP responsiveness from baseline, compared with that observed in the control trial (Δ2.9 ± 11.4 to Δ9.8 ± 6.6 mmHg, P = 0.017). The MAP responsiveness in the ESD + NAP trial (Δ7.3 ± 5.2 mmHg) was not significantly different from that in the control trial (P = 0.165) and the ESD trial (P = 0.129).

Conclusions

ESD significantly elevated both resting BP and the BP during submaximal isometric exercise and significantly augmented the initial pressor response to the exercise. A 2-h night-time nap during ESD appears to be insufficient to completely attenuate ESD-induced augmented pressor responses.
Observatorios de derechos humanos en América Latina
Authors: Jácome Víctor , Bonifaz Edison , Machuca Leslit
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: este artículo analiza las investigaciones sobre los observatorios de derechos humanos en América Latina, caracterizando estas organizaciones y destacando su papel en la promoción y protección de derechos humanos, con énfasis en el caso ecuatoriano.
Metodología: se trata de una investigación cualitativa basada en la revisión documental, el método hermenéutico-heurístico y el análisis categorial. Además, se construyó una base de datos para caracterizar los observatorios en América Latina.
Resultados: la investigación revela la diversidad de observatorios de derechos humanos en América Latina en cuanto a tipos, misión, público objetivo y abordaje de los derechos que observan. En Ecuador y la región, los observatorios académicos, es decir, los vinculados a instituciones de educación superior son escasos, así como, los estudios que los han considerado como sus unidades de análisis. Esto conlleva a proponer la creación de estos observatorios para fortalecer la vigilancia, protección y los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los derechos humanos, especialmente en Ecuador que cuenta con un marco constitucional y legal, que impulsa su conformación.
Aportes: Este trabajo sistematiza las investigaciones sobre observatorios de derechos humanos en América Latina y caracteriza estas organizaciones. Además, presenta una propuesta para la creación de observatorios académicos en Ecuador como herramientas esenciales para garantizar derechos humanos. De este modo, se contribuyendo a la literatura existente y se proporciona elementos para la implementación y sostenibilidad de los observatorios.
Use of the Baidu Index to Analyze Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Online Attention to Adult Education
Authors: Jiang Yao , Fu Qian
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of public attention to "adult education" over the past decade. Methods: Using Baidu Index data from January 1, 2014, to November 1, 2024, we examined search trends, demand distribution, and user characteristics through trend research, demand mapping, and user profiling. Results: The online search index for adult education shows a fluctuating upward trend, with peaks in April and October each year. Demand mapping indicates interest in areas such as adult college entrance exams, self-study exams, educational institutions, exam schedules, registration, major selection, tuition, and application procedures. User profiling reveals higher attention from males aged 30~39 in Guangdong Province. Conclusion: Changes in online attention to adult education correlate closely with career aspirations, policy announcements, and social contexts.
Gorbachev – Reagan Geneva Summit, November 1985
Authors: Mania Andrzej
Published: December 2024

This article is a review of the negotiations between the President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, and the General Secretary of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev, during their summit meeting on 19‑21 November 1985 in Geneva. The text is based on the thesis about the importance of direct contacts between the leaders of superpowers for developing fundamental changes in their security policy. It answers the research question about how negotiation tactics lead to defining differences and areas of understanding that significantly influenced the entire policies of the U.S. and the USSR. The available materials from the American perspective provide insight into the formation of the United States’ position and its efforts to understand Soviet policy. During the Geneva summit, the discussions lasted for hours. These negotiations confirmed the willingness of both sides to increase nuclear security but also highlighted irreconcilable differences of opinion. The most significant difference concerned the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and its place in the security system. Although this issue could not be resolved, progress was made on several matters related to the direction of START and INF talks. The results of this summit provided a solid foundation for further discussions and mutual visits, leading to meetings in Reykjavik, Washington, and Moscow.
Circular Water and Wastewater Management in State College, Pennsylvania
Authors: Smol Marzena
Published: December 2024

In recent years, great attention has been paid to activities aimed at implementing a circular economy (CE) in the management of water resources around the world. One of the possibilities for the practical implementation of CE, based on the sustainable management of primary and secondary resources (waste), is the circular management of water and wastewater generated in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This work presents examples of good practices in the implementation of CE in the college town of State College, Pennsylvania (United States of America). There are two WWTPs here – one belonging to Penn State University (Water Reclamation Facility) and another operated by the municipality (University Area Joint Authority). Both facilities implement CE goals through various initiatives dedicated to water, raw materials and energy recovery. The scope of these activities include using reclaimed water for irrigation of green areas, production of renewable energy, as well as recovery of biogenic components by processing sewage sludge in compost. This approach, where the university and municipality propose solutions in the environmental and social areas, is consistent with the idea of building social responsibility of units, which is a path to sustainability. Further actions to implement the CE model are expected to counteract ongoing climate change in various regions.
Problemy związane z przekładem tekstów prawniczych w świetle rozważań Jeana-Claude’a Gémara
Authors: Bańczyk Alicja
Published: December 2024

THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION OF LEGAL TEXTS IN THE LIGHT OF JEAN-CLAUDE GÉMAR’S REFLECTIONS
The presented study aims to show the translational thought of Jean-Claude Gémar, who is one of the founders of jurislinguistics, a branch of science that deals with the linguistic analysis of legal texts. At the beginning of the article, the reasons for the researcher’s perception of law primarily as a manifestation of culture and the translation difficulties arising from this are shown. Subsequently, Gémar’s proposed translation strategies to be used when translating legal texts are analysed. Particular emphasis is placed on terms that are specific to the legal culture in question and terms that are completely unfamiliar to the target language. Finally, the researcher’s suggestions related to the training of translators of specialised texts are presented.
Tłumaczenie tekstów aktów prawnych w kontekście ich wielopoziomowości
Authors: Dąbrowski Kamil
Published: December 2024

TRANSLATION OF LEGAL ACTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR MULTI-LEVEL NATUREThe main aim of the article is to discuss the problem of translating legal texts from the perspective of their multi-level nature. The need to distinguish the descriptive, normative, and presuppositional layers of legal acts, emphasized in legal doctrine, seems to strongly impact the translation strategy adopted by the translator. Starting from this assumption, the author finally formulates the thesis that the shape of the strategy mentioned earlier also affects the practice of interpretation and application of legal acts, which leads to formulating a postulate regarding the marking of the translation layer of a legal act.
Quel avenir pour la recherche traductologique sur la paire franco-croate?
Authors: Rajh Ivanka
Published: December 2024

The number of learners of French (as well as German and Italian) in Croatia has been steadily decreasing since the 1990s, with important repercussions for the entire educational system and for the Croatian society, where Croatian-English bilingualism is gaining ground. This article explores consequences of this trend on translation studies and translation research for the French-Croatian pair in Croatian universities. It highlights structural problems of the educational system, as well as consequences of the hegemony of the English language in translation research. Figures collected from various sources on translators and translations from French into Croatian are not too optimistic, but the activities of translators’ associations reveal possible tracks for future research.