bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: systematic review study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Abdullah , Alshoaibi Nura , Aldaadi Bedoor , Alamri Manar , Alharthi Shahad , Alothman Rahaf , Alshahrani Sabah , Alghazal Wed , Alsaud Reham , Alahmari Walaa
Published: December 2024

This systematic review aimed to thoroughly examine the prevalence and risk factors linked with diabetic retinopathy (DR) - a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) - among individuals with diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A systematic search of published studies was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies published between the years 2015-2023. The articles were screened based on well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensuring that only the most relevant and high-quality studies were included. Additionally, reviewers performed independent data extraction and quality assessment, providing a robust and reliable foundation for the study findings. Thirteen studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, comprising a prospective, and twelve observational cross-sectional studies. Prevalence varied widely across the studies, ranging from 14.9% to 45.2% in individuals with established DM and 3.3%-6.25% in newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Risk factors identified included old age, poor glycemic control, longevity of DM, smoking, gender, overweight and obesity, hypertension, presence of microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications, type 1 DM, hyperlipidemia, and insulin use. Timely detection and management of these factors, along with regular screening for DR, are imperative to mitigate its burden on visual health and the overall healthcare system. Further research focusing on interventions to address modifiable risk factors and improve DR outcomes in the KSA population is warranted.
The efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raslan Elshymaa , Alruzaihan Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Khaled , Alyousef Hind , Alrashidi Atef , Alzaeim Malak , Alekri Walaa , Khamis Hawra , Aljohani Sereen , Alamri Rawabi , Almershed Yazeed , Alsaawi Abdullah , Helmi Shahad
Published: December 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the aggressive breast cancer subtype with a bad prognosis. It has been known to lack effective treatment other than non-specific chemotherapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have changed the breast cancer treatment landscape such as Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 as a target for ADCs. To evaluate sacituzumab govitecan's efficacy in treating triple-negative breast cancer, the present review searched PubMed/Medline, Clinical Key, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus. The studies included randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The assessment of efficacy was conducted in terms of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), objective response rate (ORR), and clinical benefit rate (CBR). The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the revised version of the Cochrane ROB tool. Six eligible RCTs including 861 female patients with TNBC were assessed. The overall random-effects pooled prevalence of CR from the positive outcomes was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.03-0.05, p < 0.001). The partial response (PR) was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.26-0.32 p < 0.001), ORR was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.22-0.36, p < 0.001), and CBR was 0.36 (95% CI: 0.21-0.51, p < 0.001). The results showed that the treatment significantly improved patient outcomes. These findings might help define the efficacy profile of sacituzumab govitecan comprehensively; showing that sacituzumab govitecan is an effective drug in treating TNBC patients and assists in designing future clinical trials.
Describing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's efforts in controlling foodborne illnesses during hajj seasons
Authors: Shanbari Batool
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to describe the efforts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in controlling foodborne illnesses during the Hajj season (2013-2017).
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted by reviewing two sources of information. The first source was data describing the numbers, the source of incidences and outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, and the type of pathogens that cause these illnesses obtained from the Ministry of Health. The second source was the literature regarding this topic.
Results: About half of the outbreaks (10 outbreaks) were reported in 2017 alone. The most common source of foodborne illness during this Hajj season was food contractors who provided food to the Hajj campaigns (45%). The common risk factor associated with foodborne outbreaks was poor storage of dietary materials (40%). According to the relation between temperatures and foodborne outbreaks, there was a temporal increase in average maximum temperatures during the Hajj season from 2013 to 2017. All foodborne outbreaks originated from a bacterial source.
Conclusion: The food safety control system during Hajj was just a result of the huge efforts of the Kingdom divided into multisector through the years. Despite these efforts, there are still some challenges and opportunities for improvement.
Synthesis and Characterization of g-C3N4 Modified CoMoO4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance for Levofloxacin Degradation under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Trieu Nguyen Hai , Phuong Nguyen Minh , Viet Nguyen Minh
Published: December 2024

In the current era, environmental pollution, particularly in water bodies, amid the backdrop of dwindling freshwater resources, stands as a pressing concern necessitating attention from both authorities and scientists. To address the issue of pollutant removal from water sources, various methodologies have been proposed, among which advanced oxidation techniques utilizing photocatalysts have garnered widespread interest due to their promising potential. CoMoO4/g-C3N4 photocatalysts can be readily synthesized via the hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination of urea under carefully controlled hydrothermal conditions, ensuring optimal synthesis outcomes. Characterization analyses employing XRD, SEM, EDX, and FT-IR techniques confirm the successful synthesis of CoMoO4/g-C3N4, featuring bandgap energies conducive to photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation (2.45 – 2.56 eV). In this research, CoMoO4/g-C3N4 catalysts were deployed for Levofloxacin photodegradation under visible light. Thus, the findings highlight the high efficiency of 7% CoMoO4/g-C3N4 photocatalysts in degrading Levofloxacin under optimal conditions, offering a promising approach for the remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants in water.
Inclusive Education: Enhancing Social Integration and Academic Achievement for Students With and Without Learning Disabilities Aged 5 to 14
Authors: HUỲNH TÂN , Nguyen Nam Thi Thuy
Published: December 2024

Inclusive education is recognized as essential for fostering the holistic development of children, irrespective of their abilities or limitations. This paper examines the effects of inclusive education on students with learning disabilities (SWLD) and students without learning disabilities (SWOLD) in Southern Vietnam, focusing on its impact on social integration and academic achievement. The study employs a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative interviews with educators and quantitative analysis of student performance data. There are 487 participants, consisting of 132 SWLD and 355 SWOLD. These participants were drawn from inclusive and non-inclusive schools across various educational levels in southern Vietnam. Results indicate that inclusive practices significantly enhance social integration, empathy, and understanding among students. For SWLD, inclusive education leads to improved academic outcomes, particularly in the early education stages, while SWOLD reports favourable or neutral effects on academic achievements. However, at the secondary education level, the impact tends to be neutral or adverse for SWOLD. The research also identifies challenges in Southern Vietnam, including insufficient funding, inadequate teacher training and limited policy support, which hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education. Addressing these barriers is crucial for creating an equitable learning environment for all students in Vietnam.
Selection of strawberry genotypes resistant to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) using micropropagated plants
Authors: Dávalos González Pedro Antonio , Bujanos Muñiz Rafael , Rodríguez Rodríguez José Francisco , Aguilar García Ramón , Rodríguez Guillén Alejandro , Jofre y Garfias Alba Estela , Marín Jarillo Antonio
Published: December 2024

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranichus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the main strawberry pest in the states of Michoacán and Guanajuato, Mexico. Its management depends mainly on the application of synthetic acaricides, where farmers in Guanajuato make at least 10 applications of acaricide products per season. With the objectives of identifying strawberry genotypes resistant to the mite and testing an infestation technique in micropropagated plants, 48 clones were evaluated, which included foreign varieties and advanced strawberry selections from the INIFAP Product System Genetic Improvement Program. Based on an arbitrary scale from 0 to 10, where 0 was no spiders and 10 a high population, the 48 clones were classified into the following five categories. Extremely resistant: 'Florida Belle', 'Sequoia' 'Fairfax', 98,32, 08,492, F. vesca clone Guanajuato and UC-4; Resistant: 'Capitola', 'Dabreak', 'Solana', '92,1E6', '07,168', '10,37', '99,849', '07,4' and '99,139'; Tolerant: 'San Andreas', 'Tioga', 'Festival', 'Cometa', C-15,3', '07,35', '06,76', '00,142', '10,14', '10,25', '99,185', '07,207 ', '10,40' and '07,90'; Susceptible: 'Aromas', 'Albritton', 'Camarosa', 'Buenavista', 'Dover', '08,268', '99,24', '08,453', '02,81', '08,279' and '07,198'; Extremely susceptible: 'Douglas', 'Andana', 'Seascape', '02,11', '01,150', '01,70' and '10,16'. The infestation of micropropagated plants had several advantages: avoiding the use of mite-infested vegetative material in strawberry mite susceptibility studies, allowing good colonization with induced infestation, and facilitating evaluation of a large group of genotypes in a small space over a period of time. short period of time.
Surrender: forms of fixation and rules of use in the process of investigation and consideration of a criminal case
Authors: Chabukiani Oksana Alekseevna , Makarova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: December 2024

The object of the study is the doctrinal understanding of surrender, the procedural relations that arise between a person reporting the fact of a crime committed by him or in complicity with him, a defender and an employee of the criminal prosecution authority upon receipt of a reason to initiate a criminal case or testimony of a suspect, judicial practice of recognizing surrender as evidence in a criminal case. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in law enforcement practice and consider the possibility of using a confession as evidence in a criminal case. The research methods of the study: the method of analysis (when studying reviews of the courts of appeal and cassation regarding the recognition of the absence of a defender upon receipt of a confession as inadmissible evidence in a criminal case); the method of generalization (when drawing conclusions about the forms of fixing the fact that a person who applied to law enforcement agencies committed a crime). Turning himself in is one of the controversial points in terms of guarantees of participation in such a report of a crime by a lawyer. The revealed forms and methods of bringing the fact of a socially dangerous act committed by a person does not allow to guarantee in all cases the timeliness of inviting a defender (for example, the perpetrator of an accident reporting the fact of hitting a pedestrian with subsequent appearance in the criminal prosecution authorities). Taking into account the diversity of such appeals, as well as respecting constitutional rights, we suggest that in all cases informing law enforcement agencies and appearing before criminal prosecution authorities be considered a mitigating circumstance, regardless of whether the subsequent confession will be recognized as inadmissible evidence in a criminal case.
Конструкція енергозберігаючого двигуна для автомобіля з пневматичним поршневим приводом
Authors:   Technical University of Košice, Melko Jaroslav , Jánoš Rudolf ,   Technical University of Košice
Published: December 2024

This article presents a comprehensive study on the mechanical design and optimization of a vehicle's power unit, focusing on enhancing performance and maneuverability for competitive scenarios. Preliminary tests have demonstrated the reliability of the power unit under various conditions; however, specific challenges, such as rear wheel lock-up during backward maneu-vers, necessitate further investigation. The research aims to develop a clutch or reverse drive mechanism to improve maneu-verability and assess the current transmission system for optimal torque delivery while maintaining an effective speed range. Additionally, the study examines the integration of the power unit with the kinematic structure, ensuring a cohesive design that maximizes operational efficiency. Long-term reliability under competitive stress and user feedback from operators will also be considered to refine the vehicle's functionality. By addressing these objectives, the research seeks to contribute innovative solutions that enhance the vehicle's overall performance and competitiveness in future events.
Аналіз сучасних інженерно-геодезичних методів моніторингу будівель та споруд об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини
Authors:   Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», Заворотний Сергій
Published: December 2024

У роботі виконано аналіз сучасних інженерно-геодезичних методів моніторингу будівель і споруд з урахуванням особливостей моніторингу об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини. Розглянуто практичний досвід створення нової основи для подальшого моніторингу історичної будівлі міста Вроцлав із висвітленням особливостей створення ме-режі контрольних точок для періодичного моніторингу деформацій. Наведений найбільш ефективний метод моніторингу розкриття тріщин у будівлях чи спорудах історико-культурного значення на основі практичного досвіду.
Штукатурний склад для будівель з вапняку-черепашнику
Authors:   Одеська державна академія будівництва та архітектури, Керш Володимир , Тихонюк Сергій ,   Одеська державна академія будівництва та архітектури
Published: December 2024

У статті обґрунтована доцільність та на основі комплексних досліджень доведена можливість використання зологіпсоцементних сумішей для оштукатурювання стін будівель з вапняку-черепашника при ремонтно-реставраційних роботах. Показано, що водостійкість затверділої суміші є достатньою для її використання на фасадах будівель. Експериментально доведено, що основні властивості пропонованого ремонтно-реставраційного складу – міцність, паропроникність, адгезія, - узгоджені з властивостями черепашника. Подальші дослідження, спрямовані на покра-щення властивостей штукатурної суміші за рахунок введення комплексу хімічних добавок.
Основи формального представлення знань про земельне адміністрування в Україні
Authors:   Харківський національний університет міського господарства імені О. М. Бекетова, Маслій Любов
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджується можливість побудови «колективного розуму» на основі вчення Вернадського В. І. та значних досягнень у розвитку геоінформаційних технологій. Запропоновано створення Центру обробки кадастрової інформації, в основу якого покладено базу знань і кадастр інтелектуальних ресурсів держави. Структура бази знань має специфіку, яка представлена на основі теорії категорій та функторів, що дозволяє на різних рівнях її ієрархії використовувати як мови загальної алгебри й формальної логіки, так і відомих евристичних конструкцій. Визнача-ється доцільність практичної реалізації пропозицій доказу гіпотези про можливість створення «колективного ро-зуму» на прикладі земельного адміністрування.
Розроблення конструкції верстатного пристрою для оброблення каналів апаратів спрямовувальних відцентрових насосів
Authors:   Сумський державний університет, Плис Віктор , Дегтярьов Іван ,   Сумський державний університет, Нешта Анна ,   Сумський державний університет, Метенко Олександр ,   Сумський державний університет
Published: December 2024

На основі використання методик проєктування верстатних пристроїв, заснованих на локальній фіксації заго-товок силами закріплення на мінімальній кількості поверхонь та технологічних можливостей сучасних металоріза-льних верстатів розроблено конструкцію верстатного пристрою для встановлення деталей типу апарат спрямову-вальний при обробленні каналів на фрезерних або багатоцільових верстатах вертикального компонування. Уперше визначено статичну жорсткість верстатного пристрою на основі розтискної цанги для оброблення каналів апара-тів спрямовуючих. Виконано чисельне моделювання напружено-деформованого стану розробленого верстатного при-строю та отримані значення величин переміщень і напружень.
Підвищення ефективності обробки внутрішніх канавок ультразвуковим різанням
Authors:   Державний університет «Житомирська політехніка», Пилипенко Олександр , Ночвай Володимир ,   Державний університет «Житомирська політехніка», Яновський Валерій ,   Державний університет «Житомирська політехніка»
Published: December 2024

У статті наведено аналіз позитивних ефектів ультразвукового різання і способів підвищення ефективності обробки внутрішніх канавок. За умов різання з накладанням вимушених коливань вплив факторів змащування та охолодження поверхонь тертя значно збільшується. При ультразвуковому різанні з накладанням вимушених вібрацій значно зменшується величина шорсткості обробленої поверхні. Запропоновано конструкцію багаторізцевої спеціальної головки для обробки внутрішніх канавок. Застосування спеціальної головки дасть змогу значно підвищити якість, точність та ефективність обробки канавок завдяки зниженню впливу силових та температурних факторів на матеріал інструмента.
AI on The Bench: The Future of Judicial Systems in The Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fernando Zico Junius , Anditya Ariesta Wibisono
Published: December 2024

This in-depth research explores the emerging relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and legal systems by addressing key questions and understanding the evolution of global justice systems. This study focuses on the role of AI in strengthening the efficiency and objectivity of the judiciary, especially through the application of AI as judges in countries such as China and Estonia. This research aims to systematically analyse these developments, examining how AI is being integrated into justice systems in different parts of the world with challenges related to ethics, accountability, and human rights. The study results show that the integration of AI in the legal system brings increased efficiency and potential for transparency but also raises serious concerns about bias in AI algorithms, limitations in interpreting complex laws, and the impact on human rights principles. The main findings of this research show that the integration of AI in the legal system contains great potential for transformation but also requires a careful approach. While AI can improve the efficiency and quality of decision-making, it is important that AI is developed and implemented within a solid legal and ethical framework that respects human rights and maintains the justice system's integrity. This research emphasizes the need to consider each country's unique legal, cultural, and social context when adopting AI into their legal systems.
The role of in-office needle arthroscopy in orthopedic practice: A review
Authors: Abraham Vineet Thomas , Kambhampati Srinivas B. S. , D.’Ambrosi Riccardo
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

In-office needle arthroscopy (IONA) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool in orthopedic practice. It offers a minimally invasive approach to evaluating and treating various joint conditions. This review aims to explore the clinical applications, benefits, and challenges of IONA in orthopedic practice.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on IONA. The included articles were analyzed to extract information on the clinical applications, techniques, outcomes, and limitations of this procedure.

Results:

IONA has been successfully applied to a wide range of joints, including the knee, shoulder, ankle, wrist, elbow, and hip. It has demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional imaging techniques, particularly for intra-articular pathologies. IONA can be used for both diagnostic purposes and therapeutic interventions, such as meniscus repair, rotator cuff repair, labral repair, and synovial biopsy.

Conclusion:

IONA offers a minimally invasive and cost-effective approach for diagnosing and treating various orthopedic conditions. It provides accurate visualization, reduces the need for traditional surgical procedures, and improves patient outcomes. However, further research is needed to establish its long-term efficacy and identify its optimal applications.
An Autobiographical Narrative Inquiry of Emotional Communication Experiences through Metaphorical Landscape as an Expression of Inner Imagery
Authors:   Society for Art Education of Korea, YOON Hyerin , KANG Airan
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the experience and meaning of emotional communication through metaphorical landscape work as an expression of inner images through autobiographical narrative inquiry. I’m PhD candidate in art therapy, and majored in painting at university and graduate school. The subject of my work was a landscape of human inner and emotions, which was named 'a metaphorical landscape', and was described and organized in detail through a master's thesis. In my master's thesis, which I looked into at after completing my doctoral course and preparing to work in parallel with art therapy again, I came to recognize the change in perspective and position of an artist dealing with emotions. In order to reveal the experience of metaphorical landscape work and grasp its meaning, three themes were derived: 'artist who brings out emotions', 'artist standing side by side with emotions', and 'artist who crosses emotions'. By analyzing the experience of metaphorical expression of self-image through art, this study attempted to raise fundamental questions about the expressiveness of art and its function as a place of empathy and communication.
Teaching Art in the Age of AI Reconsidering the Role of Art Teachers
Authors:   Society for Art Education of Korea, LEE Hyeonjeong , PARK Jinhee , KIM Sunah
Published: December 2024

This study aims to deeply understand the transformation of art teachers' roles when actively utilizing AI technologies in art education within the context of the digital transition in education. By designing AI-centered lessons and conducting art creation sessions in gifted art education settings, the research seeks to capture and analyze the nuanced experiences of various practitioners involved in these classes. The study first theoretically examines the changes in art education and the roles of art teachers in the age of AI. It then analyzes a Focus Group Interview (FGI) with four art teachers to construct a discourse on the unique roles that only art teachers can fulfill in this age. The study identified three roles unique from art teachers in the age of AI: ‘facilitating moments of pause’, ‘posing questions’, and ‘respecting and adapting to differences’. This allowed for a reconsideration of the roles of art teachers within the context of the times, facilitating an exploration of the meaningful roles and professional expertise that art teachers can bring to an uncertain future society. The study has several implications. First, the process of creatively implementing new forms of lessons can lead to a reconsideration of art teachers' professional identity. This stems from fundamental questions about their essence as educators and provides an opportunity to reaffirm the unique roles and expertise of art teachers in the age of AI. Second, despite the transformative changes in educational environments brought about by AI, the intrinsic roles of art teachers remain constant and are evolving into more complex and multidimensional forms. As the role of teachers remains central to education amidst technological advancements, there is a need for ongoing discussions on how art teachers can reflect on and fulfill their roles in the age of AI.
A Single Case Study of Human-Centered Art Therapy for Improving Self-Expression in Children with Selective Mutism
Authors:   Society for Art Education of Korea, NAM Woojeong , PARK Jinhee
Published: December 2024

The expression of children with selective mutism extends beyond the personal dimension, causing emotional and psychological difficulties in school and social situations. Alleviating anxiety in these children is important, as it is closely related to self-expression. Based on this, our study aimed to create a human-centered art therapy program to encourage spontaneity and explore the process of self-expression through creative activities in children with selective mutism. For this purpose, we conducted a 16-session program, once a week for 60 minutes, targeting children with selective mutism. The results showed positive changes in self-expression through pre- and post-assessments and qualitative analysis. In conclusion, providing a safe environment and supportive atmosphere allowed these children to alleviate tension and anxiety, enabling them to engage in profound exploration. The art-making process facilitated external expression of inner anxiety, leading to self-discovery and self-assurance.
A Study on the Effect of Conversation-oriented Appreciation Method and Visualization Expression-oriented Art Education Program on the Formation of Positive Relationships among Middle School Students
Authors:   Society for Art Education of Korea, PARK Minjoo , HYUN Eunryung
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine how an art education program focused on dialogue-based appreciation and human relationship visualization affects middle school students' positive relationships. The program was conducted with 51 first-year students at A Girls' Middle School in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, over six sessions. Pre- and post-surveys on human relationships and self-identity were analyzed using paired t-tests. The texts from students' visualized relationship activities were also reviewed. Results show the program significantly improved positive relationships and self-identity. Dialogue-based appreciation enhanced communication and self-expression, while visualization helped students adopt more open attitudes toward relationships. As post-pandemic adolescents face new relationship challenges, this study suggests art education can foster self-understanding, supporting positive relationship formation as emphasized in the 2022 curriculum.
Consequences of Genomic Mutations and Altered Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 on the Efficacy of Vaccine
Authors: Khan Ambreen Shafaat , Angel Bennet , Angel Annette , Joshi Vinod , Buvvaji Shareef Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 has been impacting human health since its first outbreak in December, 2019 in Wuhan province of China. The virus in its naïve form has undergone multiple changes since then. However, the vaccine form of virus possesses specific set of proteins which since being artificially prepared, will not tend to change. In the present study, we have aimed to analyze the genomic mutations and altered proteins of the naïve virus and to study their efficacy with respect to the available vaccines. A meta-analysis was conducted to identify the mutations reported from various parts of the world. According to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH), terminology, search engines were assigned particular keywords.

The abstracts that showed a correlation with the research were deemed suitable for additional full-text analysis. There were inclusion and exclusion criteria taken into account. The latest mutation reported i.e. JN.1 was also analyzed to see the mutations and how will it affect the transmissibility. We identified 74 research articles, out of which 22 were taken into consideration. Abstracts were reviewed and those articles which were linked to our objective were read in full text. Mutations were mostly observed in the Spike (S) protein of Coronavirus and the study indicated that vaccines which are available, are not sufficient to produce the specific antibody response against the mutated versions of SARS -CoV-2.
Assessment of Diagnostic Markers for Early Detection of Neonatal Sepsis: A Comparative Analysis of CRP, PCT, 16SrDNA and Blood Culture
Authors: Anusha Gopinathan , Aswani R. , Leela K.V.
Published: December 2024

Neonatal sepsis, a life-threatening condition, continues to be a significant global health concern. The combined occurrence rate of sepsis with positive cultures in hospital-derived records from South Asia stands at 15.8 cases per 1000 live births. The aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of CRP, PCT and 16srDNA as early diagnostic markers in the detection of neonatal sepsis with blood culture. From November 2021 to October 2022, cross-sectional research on newborns hospitalized in critical care units with a clinical suspicion indicating possibility of sepsis was conducted. On day 1 of admission, blood was drawn for blood culture, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin analysis and 16SrDNA analysis. The patients were classified into two groups namely, proven and suspected sepsis based on clinical parameters and positivity in CRP, PCT and blood culture. The research involved a total of 100 patients. The majority of the research participants, were females 54(54%).

Escherichia coli 6(27.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 8(36.3%) were the most commonly isolated pathogens in blood culture. Low birth weight and prematurity were seen in 69(69%) and 42(42%) patients respectively. Blood culture, 16SrDNA, CRP and procalcitonin was positive in 22(22%), 35(35%), 43(43%) and 44(44%) respectively. The sensitivity is highest for PCT(72.09%) and specificity was highest for blood culture(95.52%). 16S rDNA analysis could detect proven sepsis in 35(97.2%) cases and was found to be statistically significant. 16S rDNA serves as a dependable marker for detecting neonatal sepsis. To ensure the comprehensive identification of cases, supplementary analysis of procalcitonin, in conjunction with C-reactive protein, is essential. This approach assists in avoiding the neglect of newborn sepsis cases.
Impact of Oral Non-periodontal Pathogens (Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus) in the Induction of Cognitive Memory Impairment
Authors: Murugan Mukilan
Published: December 2024

Cognitive memory formation (CMF) plays a major role in the survival of all living organisms in their day-to-day life. Formation of this cognitive memory may depend on exposure to a new/continuous stimulus for a limited period. Formed cognitive memory is further categorized into two different categories based on their time of existence i.e. short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). STM and LTM are differentiated based on protein synthesis-mediated memory formation. STM uses already existing proteins for memory formation which lasts for a limited time. Compared to STM, LTM uses protein synthesis machinery to form new proteins. Newly formed proteins may result in the formation of LTM which lasts for the entire life span.

The present study showed the role of specific oral microorganisms (Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus) in the induction of cognitive impairment in a serene habituated environment. To identify the level of cognitive impairment induction, we have used a comparative two-step (non-infusive and infusive) behavioural analysis. Behavioural scores of non-infusive behavioural analysis (NBA) showed that a serene habituated environment does not have any impact on CMF. Compared to NBA, infusive behavioural scores showed that oral microbial infusions may have an impact on CMF. Comparative two-step behavioural analysis showed that microbial colonization of non-periodontitic microorganisms may also result in the induction of memory impairment in the brain. Formation of memory impairment may depend on the transport of toxins/primary/secondary metabolites from the gut to the brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Масс-спектрометрия кластированных потоков при ионизации газа низкотемпературной плазмой в диффузорной части сопла
Authors: В.Э. Художитков , А.Е. Зарвин , В.В. Каляда
Published: December 2024

В настоящей работе представлены результаты масс-спектрометрии кластерного потока в варианте его ионизации в сверхзвуковом сопле при истечении газа в разреженное пространство. Целью реализации представленной в работе методики является её дальнейшее использование для проведения исследований инициации внутрикластерного энергообмена. Для осуществления ионизации потока газа в сопле разработана и реализована схема генерации эффективного разряда непосредственно в диффузорной части сверхзвукового сопла. Ниже по потоку обеспечены условия для кластерообразования в случае присутствия в потоке газа ионизованных и возбужденных частиц. Разработанная ранее система транспорта заряженных частиц в молекулярный пучок для последующей масс-спектрометрии адаптирована под условия данной работы. Выполнено сравнение результатов традиционной масс-спектрометрии нейтральных потоков с ионизацией частиц непосредственно в детекторе масс-спектрометра (метод ЭПМС), при ионизации сверхзвуковой струи на выбранном расстоянии от сопла высоковольтным электронным пучком (метод ВВЭП) и рассматриваемого метода ионизации разрядом в сопле (метод ИРС). Экспериментально выявлено, что при использовании метода ИРС в сопоставимых условиях образуется значительно большее количество ионов, что является его несомненным достоинством. Отмечено, что состав кластерных ионов в обоих методах практически идентичен несмотря на нагрев сопла в условиях разряда. Показано, что, нагрев сопла и, вследствие этого, нагрев газа в сопле приводят к некоторой задержке процесса конденсации, однако сравнительно небольшая поправка давления торможения компенсирует эту потерю. Разработанная аппаратура и отлаженная методика использованы для проведения пробных экспериментов поиска условий ионно-кластерного энергообмена на примере истечения смеси аргон-метан.
Масс-спектрометрическое изучение популяционных изменений кожных пептидомов амфибий на примере особей остромордой лягушки Rana arvalis из сибирской, словенской и московской популяций
Authors: И.Д. Васильева , Т.Ю. Самгина , Ч. Мэн , Р.А. Зубарев , А.Т. Лебедев
Published: December 2024

Кожный секрет амфибий — единственное средство защиты от разнообразных угроз: хищников и патогенов. Этот богатый пептидами субстрат, уникальный по составу для каждого вида амфибий, может служить таксономическим маркером не только их вида, но и отдельных популяций. Применением комплекса масс-спектрометрических методов, включая ДАС, ДАСПЭ, ДПЭ и EThcD, в настоящей работе проведено секвенирование компонентов кожных пептидомов особей из Новосибирской популяции Rana arvalis. Впервые для наших объектов изучения апробирован альтернативный вариант получения секрета в полевых условиях — метод ручного стимулирования. Сделана оценка применимости программы автоматического секвенирования Novor.cloud для секвенирования пептидов ранидных лягушек на примере секретов новосибирских особей R. arvalis. Проведено сравнение кожных пептидомов популяций остромордой лягушки из Новосибирска, Подмосковья и Центральной Словении. Бревинин 1AVa, бревинин 1AVb и мелиттин-родственный пептид FQ-22-1 присутствуют в кожных секретах всех трех популяций и могут считаться биомаркерами вида остромордой лягушки Rana arvalis.
On the possibility of using the NNQS for the Klein–Gordon–Fock equation
Authors: Kalitenko A.M. , Pronin P.I.
Published: December 2024

In this article, we present a method for finding quantum stationary states of the Klein–Gordon–Fock (KGF) equation using neural networks (NNs). The method has been tested on two well-known systems: a relativistic spinless particle in a Coulomb potential, and a one-dimensional relativistic harmonic oscillator. The results of training the neural network for these two systems are presented, as well as the analysis of the training process. The neural network method shows a good agreement with analytical calculations (if they can be found explicitly), providing a promising approach for solving more complex problems in quantum physics and quantum chemistry.

В этой статье мы представляем метод вычисления стационарных состояний уравнения Клейна-Гордона–Фока с помощью нейронных сетей. Метод был апробирован на двух хорошо известных системах: релятивистской бесспиновой частице в кулоновском потенциале и одномерном релятивистском гармоническом осцилляторе. Представлены результаты обучения нейронной сети для этих двух систем, а также анализ процесса обучения. Метод нейронных сетей показывает хорошее соответствие с результатами аналитических вычислений (если они могут быть найдены в явном виде), что открывает перспективы для решения более сложных задач в области квантовой физики и квантовой химии.
Comparative characteristics of the Standard&Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch ratings
Authors: Anikin O. B. , Sheshin V. D.
Published: December 2024

The activities of the leading international credit rating agencies Standard&Poor’s (S&P), Moody’s and Fitch, peculiarities of their work and existing differences have been considered. The relevance of the study lies in the comparative characterization of the listed agencies in the current conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions expansion and their strengthening after the beginning of the special military operation in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to compare the activities of the world’s leading rating agencies S&P, Moody’s and Fitch in modern conditions. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of these agencies’ activities and changes that have occurred in the conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions. To achieve the set goal the following tasks have been set: the leading credit rating agencies’ activities analysis, comparison of their methodological approaches and the scales used to assess the credit rating of countries. The conclusions about the place and important role of international credit rating agencies in the modern world ﬁnancial system, differences in the assessments made by the agencies, the speciﬁc attitude of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch to the credit rating of Russia in the current conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions expansion and the special military operation have been presented.
Assessing business activity of the Russian industry
Authors: Dikarev A. S.
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the difﬁcult economic and political situation for the Russian industry and the economy as a whole, there are problems not only with the arrival of foreign raw materials and goods in the domestic market, but also with the smooth operation of industry. It is necessary to develop and form new, more essential approaches to the industrial development strategy in the conditions of forced modernization of the industry. The factors that have the greatest and the least inﬂuence on the business activity of enterprises have been identiﬁed. The directions for forming new ways of domestic industry effective development through assessing the entrepreneurial conﬁdence index on the part of enterprises of extractive and manufacturing industries have been analyzed. As the index evaluation result, the author concludes that the level of enterprises’ business activity has jumping values, in the course of which the factors that have a negative impact on industrial production development have been identiﬁed.
The invisible footprint of climbing shoes: high exposure to rubber additives in indoor facilities
Authors: Sherman Anya , Masset Thibault , Wimmer Lukas , Leah Maruschka Leah K. , Dailey Lea Ann , Hüffer Thorsten , Breider Florian , Hofmann Thilo
Published: December 2024

There is growing concern about rubber-derived compounds (RDCs), predominantly originating from tire and road wear particles. Other consumer products, including sports equipment, also contain RDCs and human exposure to these compounds is of particular interest due to demonstrated toxicity to animal species. In this study, we investigated RDCs intentionally incorporated into climbing shoes for enhanced performance. We found high concentrations of 15 rubber derived-compounds (RDCs) in shoe sole samples (Σ15 RDCs: 25 – 3405 µg/g), aerosol particulate matter (Σ15 RDCs: 2.6 - 37 µg/g), and settled dust (Σ15 RDCs: 1.5 - 55 µg/g) in indoor climbing halls. The estimated daily intake via inhalation/ingestion of Σ15 RDCs for climbers and employees in some of these facilities ranged from 1.7 to 48 ng/kg/day, exceeding known intake levels of RDCs from other sources. Abrasion powder resulting from friction between climbing shoes and footholds is the likeliest source of high concentrations of RDCs observed in aerosol particulate matter and settled dust, since other emission sources could be excluded. These findings reveal a previously unknown human exposure route of RDCs.
Sphingomyelin Slows Interfacial Hydrogen-bonding Dynamics in Lipid Membranes
Authors: Xu Cong , Fitzgerald III James , Lyman Edward , Baiz Carlos
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen bonding at lipid interfaces partly determines membrane structure, heterogeneity, and dynamics. Given the chemical diversity of lipids, it is important to understand the relationship between lipid composition and interfacial H-bond dynamics. Here we investigate the role of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) in modulating interfacial H-bond networks in binary mixtures with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) using a combination of ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We find that analysis of 2D IR spectra of the amide carbonyl is subtle, requiring a careful accounting of the heterogeneous H-bond environment of the amide. The amide groups in PSM, acting as H-bond donors, partially replace water-mediated interactions at lipid carbonyls, with the number of lipid-lipid H-bonds constituting up to 20% of the total. These interactions create comparatively stable hydrogen-bond networks that significantly slow interfacial dynamics. The comparison between experiments and simulations reveals composition-dependent H-bond ensembles for ester and amide carbonyls, with increased H-bond populations and slower dynamics with higher PSM concentrations. 2D IR spectra show that interfacial H-bond dynamics slow by up to 45% in an equimolar mixture of the two lipids compared to DPPC alone. This study highlights PSM's dual role in H-bonding, which increases membrane viscosity and stabilizes lipid interfaces, providing molecular insights into the role of sphingolipids in cell membranes. These findings further emphasize the synergy of experimental and computational approaches for extracting molecular-level insights into interfacial lipid-lipid and lipid-water interactions in heterogeneous membranes.
Heterometallic CuCd and Cu2Zn complexes with o-vanillin and its Schiff base derivative: slow magnetic relaxation and catalytic activity associated with Cu(II) centers
Authors: Vassilyeva Olga , Nesterova Oksana , Bieńko Alina , Komarnicka Urszula , Buvaylo Elena , Vasylieva Svitlana , Skelton Brian , Nesterov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

In this work, two novel heterometallic mixed-ligand mixed-anion complexes [CuIICdIIClL(o-Van)(OAc)]·3H2O (1) and [CuII2ZnIICl2L2(o-Van)(OAc)] (2) were prepared by reacting a fine copper powder and Cd(II) or Zn(II) acetate with ethanol solution of the Schiff base ligand HL formed in situ in the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (o-VanH) and CH3NH2·HCl. The compounds were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing the neutral molecular nature of both compounds. Catalytic properties of 1 and 2 were studied in the oxidation of hydrocarbons with H2O2 under mild conditions, showing the maximum reaction rate of 4 × 10–5 M s–1 and TOF up to 640 h–1. Both compounds undergo complex transformations in solution as evidenced by kinetic analysis and time-dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy, indicating that the reduced Cu(I) form of 1 is unexpectedly unfavorable. Complex 1 demonstrates slow magnetic relaxation dominated by the direct relaxation process between T = 1.8 and 7 K under an external DC field of 0.2 and 0.4 T, a very rarely observable effect in the coordination compounds of Cu(II). Complex 2 possesses weak ferromagnetism (J = 4.50 cm–1, zJ’ = –0.201 cm–1 for H = –JS1S2 formalism) occurring through the Cu–O–Cu pathways. The theoretical CASSCF, DFT and TDDFT calculations were applied to investigate the electronic structures of 1 and 2 and rationalize their behavior in solution.
Advances in sulfur–fluoride exchange for chemical biology
Authors: Hansen Tobias N. , San Segundo Marcos , Mergel Annika M. , Olsen Christian Adam
Published: December 2024

Since their introduction as a new strategy for synthesizing diverse chemotypes, sulfur(VI)–fluoride exchange (SuFEx) transformations have found applications ranging from polymer chemistry and covalent probe development to bioconjugation tools and chemistries for the synthesis of compound libraries. The collection of SuFEx reactions has expanded significantly since their introduction as a concept, comprising functionalities with varying reactivities towards different nucleophiles; thus, enabling the generation of a wide array of sulfur-containing functional groups for the linkage of structural elements in diverse chemotypes. In this review, we focus on the most recent developments in the use of SuFEx chemistry as a means for the preparation of compound libraries for biological screening as well as the introduction of SuFEx hubs into various biomolecules.
Light-Activatable Photochemically Targeting Chimeras (PHOTACs) Enable the Optical Control of Targeted Protein Degradation of HDAC6
Authors: Wurnig Silas , Hanl Maria , Geiger Thomas , Zhai Shiyang , Dressel Ina , Pieńkowska Dominika , Nowak Radosław , Hansen Finn Kristian
Published: December 2024

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional modalities that induce protein degradation via a catalytic mode of action. Photochemically targeting chimeras (PHOTACs) are a subset of PROTACs designed for light-activated protein degradation, thereby offering precise spatiotemporal control. In this study, we report the design, solid-phase synthesis, and characterization of the first PHOTACs targeting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). We achieved this by incorporating an azobenzene photoswitch into our previously developed HDAC6-selective PROTAC A6. Among the synthesized compounds, PHOTAC 12 demonstrated no HDAC6 degradation in the absence of light but showed significant degradation upon activation to its cis-state with 390 nm light irradiation. Notably, we show that PHOTAC 12 in the cis-state shows significantly improved ternary complex formation compared to the trans-state correlating with its degradation efficacy. Overall, PHOTAC 12 is a promising lead compound for the development of light-activatable HDAC6 degraders.