bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türk Toplumunun Kültürel Belleği Bağlamında Orhun Abideleri’ni Yeniden Düşünmek: Taşın Bedeni ve Belleği / Reconsideration of Orhon Inscriptions in the context of Cultural Memory of Turkish Society: The Body and Memory of Stone
Authors: Demir Sertaç Timur
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This paper aims to deal with the Orhon Inscriptions among the concepts and debates on cultural memory for the purpose of ‘remembering’, ‘adaptation’, ‘updating’ and ‘refunctionalising’ through the television documentary “Time Traveller: Following the Steps of the Turks”. What do the inscriptions tell us about today? What does deducing, analysing and developing a methodology for this provide to the national heritage under the titles of past, identity, belonging and memory? In this article, accordingly, cultural memory questions and suggestions are offered through the Orhon Inscriptions. Documents and documentaries, without doubt, are instruments of interpreting the past and projecting the future. This research is conceptual as well as methodological. In this respect, a minimal “cultural memory glossary” is fictionalised and thus a sort of conceptual ground is generated. 

Öz

Bu çalışma, “Zaman Yolcusu Türklerin İzinde” televizyon belgeselinden hareketle kültürel bellek kavram ve tartışmaları arasında Orhun Abideleri’ni ‘hatırlama’, ‘uyarlama’, ‘güncelleme’ ve ‘kullanılır kılma’ amacıyla ele almayı hedeflemektedir. Bu abideler bugüne dair ne söylemektedir? Bunu çıkarımlamaya çalışmak, analiz etmek ve daha önemlisi bunun için bir metodoloji geliştirmek mazi, kimlik, aidiyet ve bellek gibi kültürel çalışmaların en önemli başlıkları adına millet mirasına ne sağlar? Bu makale, Orhun Abideleri üzerinden kültürel bellek önermeleri ve önerileri sunmaktadır. Belgeler ve belgeseller, hiç şüphesiz, geçmişi yorumlamanın ve geleceği öngörmenin en kritik enstrümanlarından biridir. Bu arayış içeriksel olduğu kadar metodolojiktir de. Bu eksende makalede, minimal bir “kültürel bellek terimler dizini” kurgulanmaya çalışılmış ve böylece benzer çalışmalar için bir tür kavramsal zemin oluşturulmuştur. 
İtikad Açısından Mütevâtir Olmayan Haberin Bilgi Değeri / The Informatıon Value of Non-Mutawatir Khabar with Regard to Faith
Authors: Gümüşoğlu Hasan
Published: April 2017

Abstract

It is important to know under what conditions khabar expresses true knowledge because it is obligatory that the creed should be built on indisputably true information. Although the theologians agree that mutawatir khabar gives certain information, they have different ideas about non-mutewatir khabar.

While the scholars of hadis remark that khabar-i wahid gives certain information provided that they are authentic, the Kharijites and majority of Mutazilites remarked that it does not express certain knowledge about creed. It can be said that the Sunni scholars follow a way between the hadis scholars and the Mutezilis. The Sunni scholars, who agree that non-mutawatir khabar gives certain information under certain conditions, remark that some non-mutawatir khabars can be used as evidences about creed provided that they lay down the needed conditions and be supported by indirect evidences (qarinah). However, rejecting a belief which wer determined by means of non-mutawatir khabar is not considered, by Sunni scholars, as infidelity (kufr) but as innovation (bid’at) and aberration. This study deals with the debates on this topic and tries to assess the information value of mutawatir and non-mutawatir khabar.

Öz

İtikadî esaslar, doğruluğu kesin bilgiler üzerine bina edilmesi zorunlu olduğundan, bir haberin hangi şartlarda doğru bilgi ifade edeceği önemli bir konudur. Kelamcılar, mütevâtir haberin kesin bilgi ifade ettirdiği noktasında görüş birliği içerisinde olmakla birlikte mütevâtir olmayan haberlerin bilgi değeri konusunda, farklı görüşler sahip olmuşlardır.

Hadisçiler, genel manada haber-i vâhidin sahih olması durumunda doğru bilgi ifade edeceğini belirtirken, Mu’tezile’nin ekseriyeti ve Hâricîler, haber-i vâhidin itikadî konularda ilim icap ettirmediğini söylemişlerdir. Ehl-i sünnet’in ise hadisçiler ile Mu’tezile arasında orta bir yol takip ettiği söylenebilir.

Mütevâtir olmayan haberlerin belirli şartlar dahilinde kesin bilgi gerektirdiğini ifade eden Ehl-i sünnet, söz konusu şartları taşıması veya karinelerle desteklenmesi durumunda tevâtür derecesine ulaşmayan bazı haberlerin itikadî hususlarda delil olabileceğini belirtmiştir. Bununla birlikte tevâtür derecesine ulaşmayan haberle sabit olan itikadî bir meseleyi kabul etmemek, Ehl-i sünnet tarafından küfür olarak görülmeyip, bidat ve dalalet olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu makale konu ile ilgili bu tartışmaları ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemekte ve mütevatir haber ile mütevatir olmayan haberin bilgi değerinin ne olduğunu incelemektedir.
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti`nde Okutulan Kıbrıs Tarihi Ders Kitaplarındaki “Tarih Öncesi Çağlar” Ünitelerinin İçerik Analizi / Content Analysis of Units on "Prehistoric Ages" of Cyprus History Course Books in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Authors: Özkul Ali Efdal , Ülvay Gülcan Faika
Published: April 2017

Abstract

This study is based on the content analysis of the units on pre-historic periods of Cyprus History, Book 1 used in secondary schools between 2004 and 2009 and of Turkish Cypriot History, 6th Grade Books used for the secondary schools between 2009 and 2016. Mixed research methods, which compromises qualitative and quantitative research method, was used in this study. The qualitative part of the study includes the examination of the units on prehistoric ages in the textbooks according to criteria such as concepts, skills and visuals. In the quantitative part of the study, it has been consulted 67 teachers who are able to give a history lesson in secondary schools. According to the findings obtained from the study, it is possible to say that the opinions of the teachers with regard to the Cyprus History, Book I between 2004-2009 are more positive than 6th Grade Books of Cyprus History between 2009-2016. Additionally, it was seen that there were missing points in the units on pre-historic periods of the said course books in terms of concepts, skills and visuals. 

Öz

Çalışmada 2004-2009 yılları arasında orta dereceli okullarda okutulan Kıbrıs Tarihi 1. Kitap ile 2009-2016 yılları arasında orta dereceli okullarda okutulan Kıbrıs Türk Tarihi 6. Sınıf ders kitaplarının tarih öncesi devirlerini içeren ünitelerinin içerik açısından değerlendirilmesi esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerini içerisine alan karma araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel bölümünde ders kitapları içerisinde yer alan tarih öncesi çağları içeren ünitelerin kavramlar, beceriler ve görseller gibi kriterler doğrultusunda incelenmesi yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünde ise orta dereceli okullarda tarih dersi verebilecek niteliklere sahip 67 öğretmenin görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre 2004-2009 Kıbrıs Tarihi 1. Kitap ders kitabına ait öğretmen görüşlerinin 2009-2016 Kıbrıs Türk Tarihi 6. Sınıf ders kitabı öğretmen görüşlerine göre daha olumlu olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ayrıca söz konusu ders kitaplarının tarih öncesi devirleri içeren ünitelerinde kavramlar, beceriler ve görseller açısından eksikliklerin yer aldığı görülmektedir.
Negative Attitudes of Jews Regarding to Islam and Muslims throughout the History
Authors: Yiğitoğlu Mustafa
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The topic of this article is the Jewish world’s common view regarding Islam, its Prophet and Muslims dating back from the emergence of Islam to the present day. In this sense, the study sheds light on the history of Jewish thought. Although this investigation cannot be described as a complete analysis on history of thought, the examples which I provide through this article such as negative behaviors of Jewish clergy and other members of Jewish community regarding Islam and Muslims help us to understand the process of this journey. This work investigates Jews’ view on Islam and Muslims and evolution of this thought by examining the statements and texts composed by Jewish clergy against Muslims. By examining a religious group’s ideology throughout the history, this study employs a comparative-historical methodology of ideological practices. The results suggest that the widespread negative attitudes and behaviors of Jewish people regarding Islam and Muslims go back to the times of prophet Mohammad and have fueled during social crises as well as gained momentum in times when social competition was intense. 
Osmanlı Dönemi’nden İngiliz İdaresine Kıbrıs Türk Temel Eğitimi’nin Modernleşmesi ve Toplumsallaşması / From Ottoman Period to English Administration Modernization and Socialization of Cyprus Turkish Basic Education
Authors: Özkul Ali Efdal , Tufan Hüseyin , Özsezer Mete
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Changes in the primary education programme during the transition period from the agricultural society to the industrial society of the Turkish Cypriots in the Ottoman and British administrations in Cyprus were evaluated in terms of educational programs, number of students and modern agriculture course in this study. Following the Ottoman conquest of island, the educational institutions were also regulated like every other organisation in the island according to the needs. After the British took over the island administration from the Ottoman State, they maintain some of the applications from the old administration as well as replacing some of them according to their own administrative and administrative understandings. During the British administration, the education in the Turkish Cypriot community had switched from the religion intensive curriculum to modern education. This study aimed to reflect the details of new education system during the British administration in the island. In addition, as an example of the socialization of education, the increase in the number of students in education and the situation of female students in this increase have been emphasized in this study. The information obtained by using the first-hand resources of the research period, Blue Book, and education reports, is presented. As a result, the changes made in the Turkish Cypriot Education system have affected the Turkish Cypriot community socially, culturally and politically.

Öz

Kıbrıs’ta Osmanlı ve İngiliz idaresinde Kıbrıslı Türklerin tarım toplumundan sanayi toplumuna geçiş sürecinde ilköğretim programında oluşan değişimlerin bu araştırmada eğitim programları ve öğrenci sayısı açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin adayı fethetmesinden sonra adadaki her kurum gibi eğitim teşkilatını da ihtiyaçlara göre düzenlemiştir. İngilizler ada yönetimini Osmanlı Devleti’nden devraldıktan sonra, eski idareden kalan bazı uygulamaları devam ettirirken, bazılarının yerine kendi idari ve yönetim anlayışlarına göre düzenlemişlerdir. İngiliz idaresi sürecinde Kıbrıslı Türklerde eğitim dini ağırlıklı müfredattan modern eğitime geçmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada İngiliz döneminde adada uygulanan yeni eğitim sisteminin detayları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada eğitimin toplumlaşmasına örnek olarak eğitimdeki öğrenci sayılarındaki artışın ve bu artış içerisinde kız öğrencilerin durumuna dikkat çekilmiştir. Söz konusu araştırmada döneminin birinci el kaynakları olan Blue Book’lar ile dönemin eğitim raporlarından faydalanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Kıbrıs Türk Eğitim sisteminde yapılan değişikler Kıbrıs Türk Toplumunu sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi olarak etkilemiştir.
Üç Vatan Şairi ve Şiirlerinde Mekân Ögeleri / Three Motherland Poets and the Features of Place in Their Poems
Authors: Kadiroğlu Murat
Published: April 2017

Abstract

In poetry, “place” is an important term and impacts text or context beside other elements such as theme, symbol and image. Defining elements of place in poetry helps us reveal the main parts of the poem.

In terms of the influence of used rhetoric on readers, using place elements is complementary for the mind and sensation.

Furthermore, it can present hints about poet’s poetic world and highlight some parts of his private life; it can touch upon poet’s social and political views, even on some truths about his philosophy on existence.

Place in a poem is the place where situation takes place; a depiction of a place; a reference to a place or just a simple name. It can be abstract or concrete and can have some symbolic or allegorical features according to the purpose. While it has a great influence on characters and tone, it can also determine the mood in the poem. This study analyses the elements of place in the poems by Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Sezai Karakoç and Ahmet Arif, who will be called “Motherland Poets” as they give importance to the theme of love for motherland, which is the common characteristic of three poets. 

Öz

“Mekân”; şiirde tema, sembol ve imge gibi edebi ögelerin yanında mâna ya da içeriğe etki eden önemli bir kavramdır. Mekân unsurlarının tespiti -deyim yerindeyse- şiirin mühürlendiği ana damarların ortaya çıkarılmasını sağlar. Kullanılan söz sanatlarının okur üzerindeki etkisi açısından ise şiirde mekân unsurlarına yer verilmesinin zihnî ve hissî anlamda tamamlayıcı olduğu söylenebilir. Bununla birlikte, şairin şiir evrenine dair önemli ipuçları verip yaşamından kesitler sunabilir; sosyal ve siyasi fikirlerine ve hatta kendi varoluş felsefesine dair bilgilere işaret edebilir. En basit tanımıyla şiirde mekân unsurları olayın geçtiği yer olmakla birlikte bir mekân tasviri, mekâna gönderme şeklinde kendini gösterir. Şiirde mekân somut veya soyut olabilirken, amaca göre gerçek ya da sembolik/alegorik bir nitelik taşıyabilir. Mekân, karakterler ve üslup üzerinde oldukça tesirliyken, şiire hâkim olan duygu durumunun da belirleyicisi olabilmektedir. İçerik analizine dayalı bu çalışma Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Sezai Karakoç ve Ahmet Arif’in kullandığı mekân ögelerini ve bunların önemini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Üç yazarın mekân tercihlerinde ve tasvirlerinde kesişen yönler incelendiğinde en belirgin ortak yönlerinden birinin vatan temasına verdikleri önem olduğu görüldüğünden bu üç şair tarafımızca “Vatan Şairi” olarak anılmaktadır. 
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DO RIZOMA ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE UTILIZADO NO TRATAMENTO DA DOR MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA
Authors: Silva Augusto Santana Palma , Santos Fátima Ketússia dos , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Reis Silvio Alan Gonçalves Bonfim , Rolim Larissa Araújo
Published: April 2017

Estudos prospectivos representam forma profícua de gestão de saberes e tecnologias desenvolvidas em saúde, setor que objetiva o tratamento de indivíduos afetados por processos fisiopatológicos, como a dor musculoesquelética, cuja terapia pode envolver plantas medicinais, como o Zingiber officinale Roscoe. O presente artigo pretendeu a verificação do rizoma frente ao cenário de patentes e artigos abordando seu uso frente às condições musculoesqueléticas. Utilizaram-se diversos descritores, como “gengibre” e “dor musculoesquelética”, que deveriam compor a seção “título” e ou resumo em bancos de patentes e artigos, seguido de triagem dos resultados. Dos bancos consultados, WIPO e Scopus apresentaram os maiores resultados para patentes e artigos respectivamente, com 99 e 17 resultados, figurando os Estados Unidos como maior depositário e país da maioria dos artigos. 78 patentes corresponderam à classificação A61K, não havendo correlação para número de artigos e patentes. O Brasil não apresentou resultados para patentes depositadas e artigos publicados.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE COMPÓSITO ATAPULGITA-GOMA DO CHICHA COMO CARREADOR DE FÁRMACOS
Authors: Silva Amanda Nayana Costa , Morais Valdir , Neto João Paulo Correia , Silva Rogério Almiro Oliveira , Chaves Santos Maria Rita Morais
Published: April 2017

O controle da liberação de fármacos por meio de vetores tem ganhado destaque e tornado-se uma área de intensas pesquisas, onde os materiais naturais, como as argilas, devido sua flexibilidade para modificação química e baixo custo, tem aplicação atrativa e ampla como carreadores de fármacos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma prospecção tecnológica do uso da argila atapulgita com a goma chichá na liberação controlada de fármacos com busca de patentes e artigos. A prospecção foi realizada na base de artigos Scopus e patentes do INPI, EPO e Derwent. Pesquisas envolvendo as argilas como carreadoras de fármacos se apresentam em ascenção em relação aos anos de publicações de artigos. A China e a Índia são os países que mais possuem desenvolvimento de estudos sobre uso dos argilominerais, sendo a China o país que mais depositou patentes sobre esse compósito na liberação de fármacos. O maior número de Classificações Internacionais das patentes está distribuído nas subclasses A01N e A01P. Pode-se afirmar que pesquisas envolvendo o uso de argilas com gomas naturais para liberação controlada de fármacos são favoráveis devido ao incentivo à ciência e tecnologia, baixo custo e grandes propriedades dos argilominerais.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE PATENTES NA ÁREA DE FLUIDOS DE PERFURAÇÃO À BASE DE MICROEMULSÃO
Authors: Sousa Roxana Pereira Fernandes de , Queiroz Italo Xavier , Garnica Alfredo Ismael Curbelo , Curbelo Fabíola Dias da Silva
Published: April 2017

Na perfuração rotativa, os pedaços rochosos são removidos através do fluido de perfuração, considerado pelo American Petroleum Institute (Instituto Americano de Petróleo – API) como qualquer fluido circulante capaz de tornar viável a operação de perfuração. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a realização de uma prospecção tecnológica de fluidos de perfuração à base de microemulsão, analisando a participação dos países e empresas nos pedidos de patente em bases nacionais e internacionais ao longo dos anos. Para isto, a prospecção foi realizada no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil, no Banco Latino Americano e Espanhol, no Banco Europeu de Patentes, no Banco da Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual e no Banco Americano de Marcas e Patentes. Nos últimos 10 anos houve um aumento no depósitos de patentes. O país mais interessado nesta tecnologia foram os Estados Unidos e a empresa que apresentou o maior número de depósitos foi a Baker Hughes.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA SOBRE MÉTODOS ELETROQUÍMICOS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE ÍNDICE DE ACIDEZ EM BIODIESEL DE BABAÇU
Authors: Da Silva Leila Maria Santos , Costa Helmara Diniz , Moreira Lucy Rose de Maria Oliveira , Nunes Gilvanda Silva , Bandeira Maria Glória Almeida , Marques Edmar Pereira , Marques Aldaléa Lopes Brandes
Published: April 2017

O biodiesel é um recurso renovável e não poluente, mas para sua utilização necessita-se de um bom controle de qualidade do produto e matéria prima. Um dos parâmetros de qualidade do biodiesel é o teor de ácidos graxos livres (AGL) que é medido por meio do índice de acidez (IA); uma vez que uma elevada acidez do óleo dificulta a reação de produção do biodiesel. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a busca de anterioridade para determinação de índice de acidez em biodiesel através do desenvolvimento de métodos eletroquímicos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através do mapeamento de patentes em diferentes bases de dados, bem como em bancos de dados de artigos científicos. Observou-se que há poucos números de patentes nas bases pesquisadas e em publicações de artigos científicos direcionados ao tema proposto, o que mostra ser este assunto promissor para investimentos de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e apropriação de tecnologia.
ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS DO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO À PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL DA UFS
Authors: Menezes Edmara Thays Neres , Santos Ila Natielle Neres dos , Costa Igor Aragão Melins , Da Silva Carmo Renato Evangelista , Silva Simone De Cássia
Published: April 2017

A Coordenação de Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (CINTTEC-UFS) busca implementar a política de propriedade intelectual com ações que abrangem o registro, licenciamento e comercialização de resultados de pesquisas em inovação tecnológica e difusão de conhecimento gerado. Uma pesquisa quantitativa realizada na base de dados do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação em Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação (PIBITI) mostrou as atividades desenvolvidas pela Coordenação deve atender às demandas especificadas por cada área de conhecimento. Por exemplo, em termos estratégicos a divulgação de cursos à distância em Propriedade Intelectual; a organização de mesas redondas com a participação de especialistas renomados em cada área do conhecimento chamados para o Encontro de Iniciação em Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação (EIDTI), workshops com empresários para apresentação de suas demandas por soluções tecnológicas categorizadas, o convite aos pesquisadores para inclusão dos resultados ao mercado em forma de divulgação no portfólio de patentes e registros junto ao Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Entre outras ações definidas por área de conhecimento que podem favorecer a proteção intelectual resultante do PIBITI-UFS está a oferta de cursos como redação de patentes e busca de anterioridade nas bases de registro de patentes nacionais e mundiais que podem ser ministrados por docentes membros da Comissão Coordenadora do Programa de Bolsas de Iniciação em Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação (COMPIBITI).
TECNOLOGIA E PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL: PARCEIRAS NAS ATIVIDADES DE PESQUISA E INOVAÇÃO
Authors: Da Cruz Cleide Ane Barbosa , Oliveira Ilmara De Jesus , Paixão Ana Eleonora Almeida
Published: April 2017

A busca pela proteção à propriedade intelectual vem fazendo com que as organizações busquem investir em atividades de pesquisa e inovação para melhorar sua competitividade no mercado. Por isso, o presente trabalho consistiu em realizar uma análise exploratória da pesquisa desenvolvida pela FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos com empresas brasileiras que investem em inovação. Para isso, analisou-se as 40 empresas destacadas no estudo da FINEP. A partir dessa pesquisa percebeu-se que, das empresas analisadas, a maioria está instalada em São Paulo, o setor de alimentos foi o que mais se destacou entre estas organizações, 80% destas empresas possuem pedidos de patentes registrados e 78% possuem marcas registradas.
ABORDAGEM PATENTO-CIENTOMÉTRICA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS EMERGENTES POR FUNDOS DE CAPITAL SEMENTE: O CASO DE POLIFENÓIS E ANTIOXIDANTES EXTRAÍDOS DE PLANTAS
Authors: Azevedo-Ferreira Maxwel , Motta Gustavo Da Silva , Quintella Rogério Hermida
Published: April 2017

Este artigo propõe o uso de indicadores de ciência e tecnologia (C&T), para a avaliação de tecnologias emergentes, como uma forma de instrumentalizar o processo de seleção de projetos pelos fundos de capital semente. Para tanto se utilizou dados de artigos e patentes relacionados à tecnologia de uma empresa investida do principal fundo de capital semente brasileiro. Esses dados permitiram a construção de indicadores capazes de avaliar a tecnologia à luz de três dimensões: tecnologia, mercado e desinvestimento. Esta construção metodológica mostrou-se capaz de contribuir no processo de avaliação de tecnologias emergentes.
TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO: UM DEBATE NECESSÁRIO E URGENTE DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Batista Eraldo Leme
Published: April 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, analisamos as mudanças que ocorrem no mundo de trabalho, articulando com a discussão política e ideológica sobre a vinculação da escolarização como passaporte para o emprego. A partir de algumas considerações, apontamos os equívocos desta tese, principalmente quando analisamos categorias de trabalhadores com alto grau de escolarização e que foram fortemente atingidas com os processos de reestruturação em tempos neoliberais. Entendemos que esta vinculação direta, tem como estratégia, desviar o foco da crise do sistema capitalista e também do processo de reestruturações do capital, sempre visando maior acumulo de capital.

 

 
ORIGENS DO MOVIMENTO OPERÁRIO E DO SOCIALISMO NO BRASIL
Authors: Coggiola Osvaldo Luis Angel
Published: April 2017

É comum afirmar que o movimento operário brasileiro teve um caráter “tardio” (inclusive quando considerado no marco histórico latino americano), tão tardio quanto o próprio capitalismo no país. Tanto o movimento operário brasileiro quanto manifestações ideológicas modernas dos oprimidos, socialistas ou anarquistas, começaram quando ainda vigorava no país a escravidão, que só foi abolida na última década do século XIX. Contrastando com isso, na Argentina, por exemplo, o ano de 1857 assinalou o nascimento da "Sociedade Tipográfica Bonaerense". No Chile, a "Sociedad de Artesanos" foi fundada em 1858, em Valparaíso. Ora, também no Brasil, as primeiras notícias de lutas operárias remontam a 1858, quando os tipógrafos do Rio de Janeiro entraram em greve reivindicando aumento de salários. Esse fato invalidaria a percepção inicialmente apontada. Essas lutas tiveram por protagonistas trabalhadores estrangeiros recentemente imigrados ao país.
A LUTA PELA TERRA E ESCOLA DO MST EM MINAS GERAIS – FRAGMENTOS DE UMA HISTÓRIA EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Quaresma Adilene Gonçalves , Horácio Amarildo De Souza
Published: April 2017

O artigo apresenta um breve histórico sobre a constituição do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra em Minas Gerais nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 e a luta pela escola. O texto constitui-se com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo realizadas no Doutorado, concluído em 2011. Considera-se que o Movimento contribuiu e vem contribuindo para o avanço da discussão sobre a Questão Agrária e sobre a educação para a classe trabalhadora do campo e da cidade.
ESTUDO, TRABALHO E AGROECOLOGIA: A PROPOSTA POLÍTICA PEDAGÓGICA DOS CURSOS DE AGROECOLOGIA DO MST NO PARANÁ.
Authors: Pires João Henrique Souza , Novaes Henrique Tahan
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a formação do técnico em agroecologia desenvolvida nos Centros/Escolas do MST no Estado do Paraná. Teve-se como objeto concreto de análise as práticas pedagógicas e metodológicas do 2o curso técnico em agroecologia integrado ao ensino médio realizado no Centro/Escola “José Gomes da Silva” (EJGS) do MST do Paraná (PR), Turma Revolucionários da Terra (2010-2013). Tomou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental com destaque imprescindível ao Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), ao Projeto Metodológico (PROMET) e as ementas disciplinares, bem como, o regimento interno da EJGS. Constatou-se que o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) aplicado junto a Turma Revolucionários da Terra na EJGS segue os princípios da Pedagogia do Movimento Sem Terra, da pedagogia freireana, da pedagogia socialista, da agroecologia e do Materialismo histórico dialético, dentro das especificidades de uma escola de agroecologia.
Dispersion and attenuation measurements of the elastic moduli of a dual‐porosity limestone
Authors: Borgomano J. V. M. , Pimienta L. , Fortin J. , Guéguen Y.
Published: April 2017

The dispersion and the attenuation of the elastic moduli of a Lavoux limestone have been measured over a large frequency range: 10−3 Hz to 101 Hz and 1 MHz. The studied sample comes from a Dogger outcrop of Paris Basin and has the particularity to have a bimodal porosity distribution, with an equal proportion of intragranular microporosity and intergranular macroporosity. In addition to ultrasonic measurements, two different stress‐strain methods have been used in a triaxial cell to derive all the elastic moduli at various differential pressures. The first method consists of hydrostatic stress oscillations (f∈[0.004;0.4] Hz), using the confining pressure pump, from which the bulk modulus was deduced. The second method consists of axial oscillations (f∈[0.01;10] Hz), using a piezoelectric oscillator on top of the sample, from which Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were deduced. With the assumption of an isotropic medium, the bulk modulus (K) and the shear modulus (G) can also be computed from the axial oscillations. The sample was studied under dry, glycerin‐ and water‐saturated conditions, in order to scale frequency by the viscosity of the fluid. Results show a dispersion at around 200 Hz for water‐saturated conditions, affecting all the moduli except the shear modulus. This dispersion is related to the drained/undrained transition, and the bulk modulus deduced from the axial and hydrostatic oscillations are consistent with each other and with Biot‐Gassmann's equations. No dispersion has been detected beyond that frequency. This was interpreted as the absence of squirt flow or local diffusion between the microporous oolites and the macropores.
The role of hydrothermal cooling of the oceanic lithosphere for ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow
Authors: Schmeling Harro , Marquart Gabriele , Nawa Viktor
Published: April 2017

We investigate the influence of hydrothermal circulation on cooling of oceanic lithosphere. We include hydrothermal convection in a 1‐D lithosphere cooling model by using a scaling law which relates the Rayleigh to the Nusselt number. This law allows calculating an effective thermal conductivity accounting for the extra heat transport. Based on a global data set for bathymetry and surface heat flow for ocean floor ages between 0.7 and 160 Ma, we perform a joint inversion based on a downhill simplex algorithm to constrain characteristic parameters for hydrothermal cooling (beside the classical parameter mantle temperature, thickness of the lithosphere, and thermal expansivity of lithosphere rocks). Hydrothermal cooling parameters are crack aspect ratio which controls the hydrothermal penetrations depth, characteristic cementation time at which cracks become closed and hydrothermal circulation ceases, and sealing time when enough sedimentary cover on top of the lithosphere has accumulated to prevent hydrothermal fluid escaping into the ocean. Best fitting parameter sets predict mantle temperatures between 1350 and 1450°C and lithosphere thickness between 70 and 90 km and further suggest that (1) the fit to the data is strongly improved if hydrothermal cooling effects are considered, (2) hydrothermal cooling is important for up to 10 Ma old lithosphere and leads to a significant deviation from the 1/square root—law with an exponent closer to 1/3, (3) sedimentary sealing is completed for ~1.5 Ma old lithosphere, and (4) fitting of the data is improved for an apparently 1.4 times higher value of thermal expansivity which may account for effects of melt solidification.
Global soil moisture bimodality in satellite observations and climate models
Authors: Vilasa L. , Miralles D. G. , de Jeu R. A. M. , Dolman A. J.
Published: April 2017

A new diagnostic metric based on soil moisture bimodality is developed in order to examine and compare soil moisture from satellite observations and Earth System Models. The methodology to derive this diagnostic is based on maximum likelihood estimator encoded into an iterative algorithm, which is applied to the soil moisture probability density function. This metric is applied to satellite data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System and global climate models data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Results show high soil moisture bimodality in transitional climate areas and high latitudes, potentially associated with land‐atmosphere feedback processes. When comparing satellite versus climate models, a clear difference in their soil moisture bimodality is observed, with systematically higher values in the case of CMIP5 models. These differences appear related to areas where land‐atmospheric feedback may be overestimated in current climate models.
Correlation between the spectral features and electric field changes of multiple return strokes in negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning
Authors: Wang Xuejuan , Yuan Ping , Cen Jianyong , Liu Guorong
Published: April 2017

Using high time‐resolved spectra and simultaneous records of the electric field change of three negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning flashes with multiple return strokes, the correlations between the total intensity of ionic lines in the spectra and the corresponding amplitude of the initial electric field change, as well as between the total intensity of the spectra and the channel apparent diameter, have been analyzed. The analysis shows the following: (1) The amplitude of the initial electric field change is roughly proportional to the total intensity of ionic lines. (2) The total intensity of the spectra shows a significant linear correlation with the apparent diameter of the channel. (3) The total intensity of ionic lines for 17 analyzed return strokes decreases with increasing height along the channel, which is consistent with the current variation along the channel in the modified transmission line model; the Master, Uman, Lin, and Standler model; and the Diendorfer‐Uman model. Meanwhile, the total intensity of ionic lines for other two analyzed return strokes along the channel without attenuation, this is consistent with the current variation along the channel in the Bruce‐Golde model, the transmission line model, and the Traveling Current Source model.
The role of ocean‐atmosphere interaction in Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) using a regional coupled data assimilation system
Authors: Wada Akiyoshi , Kunii Masaru
Published: April 2017

For improving analyses of tropical cyclone (TC) and sea surface temperature (SST) and thereby TC simulations, a regional mesoscale strongly coupled atmosphere‐ocean data assimilation system was developed with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) implemented with the Japan Meteorological Agency's nonhydrostatic model (NHM) coupled with a multilayer ocean model and the third‐generation ocean wave model. The NHM‐LETKF coupled data assimilation system was applied to Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) along with the original NHM‐LETKF system to investigate the sensitivity of Sinlaku to SST assimilation with the Level 2 Pre‐processed (L2P) standard product of satellite SST. SST calculated in the coupled‐assimilation experiment with the coupled data assimilation system and the satellite SST (CPL) showed a better correlation with Optimally Interpolated SST than SST used in the control experiment with the original NHM‐LETKF (CNTL) and SST calculated in the succession experiment with the coupled system without satellite SST (SUCC). The time series in the CPL experiment well captured the variation in the SST observed at the Kuroshio Extension Observation buoy site. In addition, TC‐induced sea surface cooling was analyzed more realistically in the CPL experiment than that in the CNTL and SUCC experiments. However, the central pressure analyzed in each three experiments was overestimated compared with the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo best‐track central pressure, mainly due to the coarse horizontal resolution of 15 km. The 96 h TC simulations indicated that the CPL experiment provided more favorable initial and boundary conditions than the CNTL experiment to simulate TC tracks more accurately.
Impact of land surface heterogeneity on urban heat island circulation and sea‐land breeze circulation in Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Y. , Di Sabatino S. , Martilli A. , Li Y. , Wong M. S. , Gutiérrez E. , Chan P. W.
Published: April 2017

Hong Kong is one of the most high‐rise and highly compact cities in the world. The urban land surface is highly heterogeneous, which creates low‐level convergence zones in urban areas, particularly the Kowloon Peninsula. The low‐level convergence zone is due to the combined effect of urban heat island circulation (UHIC) and sea‐land breeze circulation (SLBC) under weak northeasterly synoptic flow. To study the impacts of anthropogenic fluxes and built‐up areas on the local circulation, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model is combined with the multilayer urban canopy building effect parameterization/building energy model (BEP/BEM) parameterization to produce a 3 day simulation of an air pollution episode in Hong Kong in September 2012. To better represent the city land surface features, building information is assimilated in the central part of the Kowloon Peninsula. The WRF‐BEP‐BEM model captures the 2 m temperature distribution and local wind rotation reasonably well but overestimates the 10 m wind speed with a mean bias error of 0.70 m/s. A dome‐shaped feature with a high level of moisture is captured in the convergence zones due to intensified UHIC and inflowing SLBC. The anthropogenic heat increases the air temperature by around 0.3°C up to 250 m, which in turn modifies the SLBC. A new drag coefficient based on λP, plan area per unit ground area, is tested. Besides the basic physical characteristics captured by the WRF‐BEP‐BEM model, the stagnation of wind in the lower level convergence zone is better captured by this approach than by the traditional constant value coefficient.
Increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations in northern boreal lakes: Implications for lake water transparency and thermal structure
Authors: Strock Kristin E. , Theodore Nora , Gawley William G. , Ellsworth Alan C. , Saros Jasmine E.
Published: April 2017

We evaluated trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and associated changes in water transparency and epilimnion thickness to better understand the implications of regional increases in DOC concentration in lakes. Long‐term monitoring of a suite of physical, chemical, and biological data from six to 12 lakes in Acadia National Park in Maine was paired with high‐frequency sensor monitoring of one lake as a model system. Water transparency declined across study sites since 1995 as DOC increased and chlorophyll remained stable, suggesting that this was not a signal of increased eutrophication. As clarity declined, some lakes experienced reduced epilimnion thickness. The degree to which transparency changed across the lakes was dependent on DOC concentration, with a larger decline in transparency occurring in clear water lakes (−0.3 m yr−1) than brown water lakes (−0.1 m yr−1). DOC concentration was an important explanatory variable for reduced epilimnion thickness in short‐term sensor measurements. A regional decline in water transparency across all lakes and reduction in epilimnion thickness in a limited number of systems appeared to be acting as a sentinel for changes in atmospheric deposition and regional weather that modified the delivery of DOC from the watershed.
Study of Flare Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Paper Patients
Authors: Isenberg D. , Sturgess J. , Allen E. , Aranow C. , Askanase A. , Sang‐Cheol B. , Bernatsky S. , Bruce I. , Buyon J. , Cervera R. , Clarke A. , Dooley Mary Anne , Fortin P. , Ginzler E. , Gladman D. , Hanly J. , Inanc M. , Jacobsen S. , Kamen D. , Khamashta M. , Lim S. , Manzi S. , Nived O. , Peschken C. , Petri M. , Kalunian K. , Rahman A. , Ramsey‐Goldman R. , Romero‐Diaz J. , Ruiz‐Irastorza G. , Sanchez‐Guerrero J. , Steinsson K. , Sturfelt G. , Urowitz M. , van Vollenhoven R. , Wallace D. J. , Zoma A. , Merrill J. , Gordon C.
Published: April 2017

Objective

To determine the level of agreement of disease flare severity (distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild flare and persistent disease activity) in a large paper‐patient exercise involving 988 individual cases of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Methods

A total of 988 individual lupus case histories were assessed by 3 individual physicians. Complete agreement about the degree of flare (or persistent disease activity) was obtained in 451 cases (46%), and these provided the reference standard for the second part of the study. This component used 3 flare activity instruments (the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] 2004, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment [SELENA] flare index [SFI] and the revised SELENA flare index [rSFI]). The 451 patient case histories were distributed to 18 pairs of physicians, carefully randomized in a manner designed to ensure a fair case mix and equal distribution of flare according to severity.

Results

The 3‐physician assessment of flare matched the level of flare using the 3 indices, with 67% for BILAG 2004, 72% for SFI, and 70% for rSFI. The corresponding weighted kappa coefficients for each instrument were 0.82, 0.59, and 0.74, respectively. We undertook a detailed analysis of the discrepant cases and several factors emerged, including a tendency to score moderate flares as severe and persistent activity as flare, especially when the SFI and rSFI instruments were used. Overscoring was also driven by scoring treatment change as flare, even if there were no new or worsening clinical features.

Conclusion

Given the complexity of assessing lupus flare, we were encouraged by the overall results reported. However, the problem of capturing lupus flare accurately is not completely solved.
Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prevalence, Disease‐Related Indicators, and Associations With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Giles Jon T. , Ferrante Antony W. , Broderick Rachel , Zartoshti Afshin , Rose Janine , Downer Kendall , Zhang Hui‐Zhu , Winchester Robert J.
Published: April 2017

Objective

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a potent source of inflammatory cytokines, with profound effects on adipose tissue function, yet their potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathobiology is largely unstudied.

Methods

Periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 36 RA patients and 22 non‐RA controls frequency matched on demographics and body mass index. Samples were stained for the macrophage marker CD68, and the average proportions of ATMs, crown‐like structures (periadipocyte aggregates of 3 or more ATMs), and fibrosis were compared between groups.

Results

The adjusted proportion of ATMs among all nucleated cells was 76% higher in RA than in non‐RA samples (37.7 versus 21.3%, respectively; P < 0.001), and the adjusted average number of crown‐like structures was more than 1.5‐fold higher in the RA group than in controls (0.58 versus 0.23 crown‐like structure/high‐power field, respectively; P = 0.001). ATMs were significantly more abundant in early RA and in those with anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide seropositivity. Users of methotrexate, leflunomide, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors had a significantly lower proportion of ATMs compared with nonusers. Crown‐like structures were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid factor seropositivity and in those with C‐reactive protein levels ≥10 mg/liter, and significantly lower among those treated with statins. Linear ATMs were significantly associated with whole‐body insulin resistance, but not with serum lipids.

Conclusions

ATMs and crown‐like structures were more abundant in RA patients and were associated with systemic inflammation, autoimmunity, and whole‐body insulin resistance, suggesting possible contributions to the RA disease process. Lower levels of ATMs and crown‐like structures associated with specific RA treatments suggest that adipose tissue inflammation may be ameliorated by immunomodulation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment After Methotrexate: The Durability of Triple Therapy Versus Etanercept
Authors: Peper Shana M. , Lew Robert , Mikuls Ted , Brophy Mary , Rybin Denis , Wu Hongseng , O'Dell James
Published: April 2017

Objective

Although it is common for rheumatologists to initiate biologic agents after failure of methotrexate monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ample data support the initial use of combinations of conventional therapies in this clinical scenario. Our study explores the durability of triple therapy (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine) versus methotrexate‐etanercept in RA.

Methods

RA patients with suboptimal response to methotrexate (n = 353) were randomized to either triple therapy or methotrexate‐etanercept therapy in a 48‐week, double‐blinded, noninferiority trial. Patients without clinical improvement at 24 weeks were switched to the alternative treatment. Of the total, 289 participated in followup. We report treatment durability, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and other measures during an open‐label extension for an additional period up to 72 weeks.

Results

Mean ± SD duration of open‐label followup was 11 ± 6 months. The likelihood of continuing conventional therapy at 1 year was 78% for triple therapy versus 63% for methotrexate‐etanercept, with most treatment changes occurring at the start of followup. More patients changed from methotrexate‐etanercept to triple therapy than from triple therapy to methotrexate‐etanercept (P = 0.005). DAS28 scores and other disease activity measures were not different for the 2 treatments and were stable during followup.

Conclusion

In RA patients with suboptimal methotrexate response randomized to receive triple therapy or methotrexate‐etanercept, the former was found to be significantly more durable. Given cost differences and similar outcomes, the variable durability demonstrated provides additional evidence supporting conventional combinations over biologic agent combinations as the first choice after methotrexate inadequate response.
Reproducible Superhydrophobic PVC Coatings; Investigating the Use of Plasticizers for Early Stage Biofouling Control
Authors: Brown Robert , Russell Sonia , May Salina , Regan Fiona , Chapman James
Published: April 2017

Here we show an easy to synthesize superhydrophobic material using a solvent phase–separation process of poly vinyl chloride. It is found that solvents mixed in different ratios increase the dielectric value of the solvent and can be tuned to produce superhydrophobic PVC. The PVC solution is then spin‐coated onto glass slides for characterization using scanning electron microscopy. Plasticizers are doped into the 70% (v/v) PVC to determine their overall effects; it is found that plasticizers reduce the water contact angle value. The final coatings were tested in a series of antifouling assays in a marine environment lab study; it is found that the superhydrophobic PVC material reduced marine biofouling.
Cage‐Like Porous Carbon with Superhigh Activity and Br2‐Complex‐Entrapping Capability for Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Lai Qinzhi , Xu Pengcheng , Zheng Daoyuan , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin
Published: April 2017

Bromine‐based flow batteries receive wide attention in large‐scale energy storage because of their attractive features, such as high energy density and low cost. However, the Br2 diffusion and relatively low activity of Br2/Br− hinder their further application. Herein, a cage‐like porous carbon (CPC) with specific pore structure combining superhigh activity and Br2‐complex‐entrapping capability is designed and fabricated. According to the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the pore size of the CPC (1.1 nm) is well designed between the size of Br− (4.83 Å), MEP+ (9.25 Å), and Br2 complex (MEPBr3 12.40 Å), wherein Br− is oxidized to Br2, which forms a Br2 complex with the complexing agent immediately and is then entrapped in the cage via pore size exclusion. In addition, the active sites produced during the carbon dioxide activation process dramatically accelerate the reaction rate of Br2/Br−. In this way, combining a high Br2‐entrapping‐capability and high specific surface areas, the CPC shows very impressive performance. The zinc bromine flow battery assembled with the prepared CPC shows a Coulombic efficiency of 98% and an energy efficiency of 81% at the current density of 80 mA cm−2, which are among the highest values ever reported.