bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state-of-the-art of modern workplace learning: an applied assessment method of a pre-train deep learning on modern learning tools
Authors: Muzam John , Bendkowski Jacek , Mah Pascal Muam , Mudoh Polycap
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The study discusses the importance of workplace learning in the current era of work and how organisations are shifting their focus toward employee learning and development. It highlights the need for employees to continuously up-skill themselves to keep up with the demand for skills. The purpose of this study is to introduce a modern approach to evaluating workplace learning to promote and enhance better performance within the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

It introduces a deep modern learning approach called “behavior-oriented drive and influential functions of formal and informal learning”. The study also develops the concept of the “Study, Plan, Do, Check, and Act” framework to simulate practise and theory within and outside of work to allow continuous improvement, learning new workplace tools, and bridging digital transformation challenges. The study highlights that workplace learning occurs in a variety of contexts and uses various tools, which poses challenges for the design and development of technology that supports and analyses workplace learning.

Findings

Based on behaviour-orientated drive and influential functions for formal and informal learning, a grade of 6.54% days was registered for formal learning tools and 4.89% days for informal learning tools. From the statistics in this study, This study concluded that informal learning tools contribute more to the development of the workplace than formal learning. In informal learning, employees act autonomously at their own will and pace to obtain the required knowledge. The time to acquire knowledge through informal learning tools is shorter than in formal learning. Future relevant research should review more learning tools for formal and informal learning.

Practical implications

Modern workplace learning is a key tool for organisations to gain a competitive advantage. Learning based on formal training and development programs, informal learning and knowledge sharing influence the development of human capital resources.

Originality/value

The study combines social science and engineering approaches to enable non-engineers to pioneer execution of tasks and examine their performance based on the approach detailed in the results, methodology and discussion sections. It contributes to the field of learning organisations and organisational learning by exploring the learning processes of modern professionals. By investigating the learning practices and experiences of knowledge workers, this study seeks to identify the factors that promote or learn and the impact of learning on the workplace.
Biological and JAK inhibitor therapy outcomes for severe psoriasis in trisomy 21
Authors: O'Connor Cathal , Byrne Berbie , Roche Darren , O'Connell Garret , O'Connell Michael , Murphy Michelle , Bourke John , Lynch Maeve , Bennett Mary
Published: June 2023

Little is known about biological outcomes for severe psoriasis in trisomy 21 (T21). Our aim was to review outcomes of patients with T21 and severe psoriasis treated with biologic or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi). Information on demographics, co‐morbidities, and therapeutic responses was retrospectively collated. Twenty‐one patients were identified (mean age 24.7 years). Ninety percent (18/20) of TNFα inhibitor trials failed. Almost two‐thirds (7/11) of patients achieved an adequate response with ustekinumab. All three patients treated with tofacitinib achieved an adequate response following at least three biologic failures. The mean number of biologic/JAKi therapies received was 2.1 with overall survival of 36%. Eighty‐one percent (17/21) of patients required conversion from their index biologic treatment due to failure. In patients with T21 and severe psoriasis, failure of TNFα inhibition is common and ustekinumab therapy should be considered as first‐line therapy. The role of JAKi is emerging.
Patrolling the border: Billfish exploit the hypoxic boundary created by the world's largest oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Logan Ryan K. , Vaudo Jeremy J. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Shivji Mahmood S.
Published: June 2023

Pelagic predators must contend with low prey densities that are irregularly distributed and dynamic in space and time. Based on satellite imagery and telemetry data, many pelagic predators will concentrate horizontal movements on ephemeral surface fronts—gradients between water masses—because of enhanced local productivity and increased forage fish densities.

Vertical fronts (e.g. thermoclines, oxyclines) can be spatially and temporally persistent, and aggregate lower trophic level and diel vertically migrating organisms due to sharp changes in temperature, water density or available oxygen. Thus, vertical fronts represent a stable and potentially energy rich habitat feature for diving pelagic predators but remain little explored in their capacity to enhance foraging opportunities.

Here, we use a novel suite of high‐resolution biologging data, including in situ derived oxygen saturation and video, to document how two top predators in the pelagic ecosystem exploit the vertical fronts created by the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical Pacific.

Prey search behaviour was dependent on dive shape, and significantly increased near the thermocline and hypoxic boundary for blue marlin Makaira nigricans and sailfish Istiophorus platypterus, respectively. Further, we identify a behaviour not yet reported for pelagic predators, whereby the predator repeatedly dives below the thermocline and hypoxic boundary (and by extension, below the prey). We hypothesize this behaviour is used to ambush prey concentrated at the boundaries from below.

We describe how habitat fronts created by low oxygen environments can influence pelagic ecosystems, which will become increasingly important to understand in the context of global change and expanding oxygen minimum zones. We anticipate that our findings are shared among many pelagic predators where strong vertical fronts occur, and additional high‐resolution tagging is warranted to confirm this.
Floral polymorphism and heteromorphic incompatibility in the distylous tropical shrub Waltheria rotundifolia (Malvaceae)
Authors: Suárez Brian , Tun‐Garrido Juan , Sosenski Paula , Parra‐Tabla Víctor
Published: June 2023

The genus Waltheria is known for having a high percentage of distylous species (ca. 85%). However, distyly has only been comprehensively studied in a few Waltheria species. The study of distyly is of particular ecological relevance given the occurrence of exotic pollinators in natural ecosystems nowadays, which could potentially affect legitimate pollen transfer between floral morphs. In the present study, we characterized the sexual reciprocity between floral morphs in the tropical shrub Waltheria rotundifolia, we tested if the pollen transfer patterns were in accordance with proper distyly, and we tested its incompatibility system. Reciprocity was characterized by measuring sexual traits, while pollen traits were measured to evaluate the presence of ancillary polymorphisms. The efficiency of distyly to promote legitimate pollen transfer was determined by quantifying pollen loads deposited on stigmas and on the body of Apis mellifera, the main floral visitor of W. rotundifolia. Finally, hand pollinations were performed to determine the strength of the incompatibility system. Flowers exhibit a reciprocal arrangement of sexual organs and pollen ancillary features typical of distylous plants. We observed a differential placement of pollen on the body of A. mellifera. However, intermorph differences in the pollen loads and legitimate pollen deposited on stigmas suggest inefficient pollen transfer by A. mellifera. Hand pollinations revealed the presence of a heteromorphic incompatibility system. Overall, our results show that although factors for disassortative pollen transfer are present in the studied population, W. rotundifolia exhibits asymmetric pollen deposition probably due to A. mellifera foraging behavior.
‘Palm Tree Justice’: The Inherent Jurisdiction in Adult Welfare Cases
Authors: Pritchard‐Jones Laura
Published: June 2023

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides the legal framework governing what practitioners can do, and when, where it is believed someone's capacity to make decisions is compromised by a disturbance in the functioning of the mind or the brain. In 2012 the Court of Appeal in the case of DL v A Local Authority identified a lacuna in that no legal regime existed to intervene in situations where a person did not lack capacity under the Mental Capacity Act 2005, but was being abused, coerced, or otherwise unduly influenced in their decision‐making. The Court of Appeal held that the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court could be used to fill this gap. Since 2012, applications made under this ‘rediscovered’ inherent jurisdiction have increased apace. Through an analysis of subsequent case law, this article argues that there are three areas of concern and confusion in the way the jurisdiction has developed since 2012: when it should apply, what it should do, and on what basis judges decide what it should do. This has resulted in incoherent, inconsistent, and unprincipled developments, which are fundamentally at odds with the primary aims of the common law.
Use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols in acute care: A scoping review of literature and retrospective audit of practice
Authors: Byrnes Angela , Glen Kate , Matthews‐Rensch Kylie , Fry Jessica , MacLaughlin Helen , Cutmore Clare , Dux Claire , Treleaven Elise , Banks Merrilyn , Hiatt Joanne , Wu Yuet Ching , Wan Yuen Ting Jessie , Young Adrienne
Published: June 2023

Aim

Standardised enteral nutrition protocols are recommended in critical care, however their use and safety are not well described in other inpatient populations. This mixed methods study reports on the use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols for non‐critically ill adults.

Methods

A scoping review of published literature was conducted. In addition a retrospective audit of practice at an Australian tertiary teaching hospital with an existing hospital‐wide standardised enteral nutrition protocol was performed. Data on use, safety and adequacy of enteral nutrition prescription were collected from medical records for patients receiving enteral nutrition on acute wards (January–March 2020).

Results

Screening of 9298 records yielded six primary research articles. Studies were generally low quality. Published literature suggested that protocols may reduce time to enteral nutrition initiation and goal rate, and improve adequacy of nutrition provision. No adverse outcomes were reported. From the local audit of practice (105 admissions, 98 patients), enteral nutrition commencement was timely (median 0 (IQR 0–1) days from request; goal rate: median 1 (IQR 0–2) days from commencement and adequate (nil underfeeding), without prior dietitian review in 82% of cases. Enteral nutrition was commenced per protocol in 61% of instances. No adverse events, including refeeding syndrome, were observed.

Conclusions

Most inpatients requiring enteral nutrition can be safely and adequately managed on enteral nutrition protocols. Evaluation of protocols outside of the critical care setting remains a gap in the literature. Standardised enteral nutrition protocols may improve delivery of nutrition to patients, whilst allowing dietitians to focus on those with specialised nutrition support needs.
Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners
Authors: MASSEI Giovanna , JACOB Jens , HINDS Lyn A.
Published: June 2023

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife, including rodents. The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods, increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission, particularly of zoonoses. We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species. Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad‐scale rodent management. The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and, at times, in parallel, with initial research being conducted on (1) laboratory‐based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals; (2) simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of a field‐based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected; (3) development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios; and (4) implementation of large‐scale, replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management‐scale field situations. In some circumstances, fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods (e.g. some culling). Assessment of non‐target effects, direct and indirect, and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined. Developing fertility control for a species is a resource‐intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.
Parliament and the English County Magistrate: The Parliamentary Aspirations of Sir George Onesiphorus Paul 1780–1810*
Authors: Ryland‐Epton Louise
Published: June 2023

County magistrates in Georgian England enjoyed an enviable amount of power. However, their influence was not restricted to the sphere of their county. Instead, Westminster's dependence upon them for the operation of local government, to conduct judicial practise and help create domestic policy, meant that, for good or ill, they potentially had a pivotal role within the workings of the English state and formed a critical link between parliament and government and the English localities. Surprisingly, despite this, magistrates’ individual and collective influence upon the English parliament remains largely uncharted.

This article considers the influence magistrates had on parliament 1780–1810 through a case study of the career of one, Sir George Onesiphorus Paul. An examination is made of the impact of magistrates on the creation of legislation and the selection and election of MPs, and through these, their influence upon the activities of parliamentary representatives. It demonstrates the relationship between magistrates and parliament could be a strong and productive one. Magistrates had a significant impact on the creation of legislation. Sometimes their intervention was solicited to effect change, but at other times they initiated the process themselves, and, in so doing, magistrates, like Paul, garnered the support of MPs or even directed their legislative activities. However, there were limitations to the influence of the magistracy as Paul's thwarted broader political ambitions attests.
COVID‐19 and reported mortality cases among rheumatic disease patients in Kuwait: Data from the Global Rheumatology Alliance registry
Authors: Abutiban Fatemah , Saleh Khulood , Hayat Sawsan , Tarakmah Hoda , Al‐Herz Adeeba , Ghanem Aqeel
Published: June 2023

Mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab have been shown to be considerably associated with poorer outcomes following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Such agents were associated with longer hospital stay as well as severe COVID‐19 outcomes (infection‐related complications, intensive care unit admission, and mortality). Using the data of the COVID‐19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry of inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) patients in Kuwait, who had COVID‐19 from March 2020 to March 2021, revealed 4 mortality cases (3 cases used CD‐20 inhibitors as monotherapy and 1 case used mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid as monotherapy). This article describes the characteristics and course of disease among 4 patients with IRD who died following COVID‐19 infection at Jaber Al Ahmed Hospital, Kuwait. The current series raises the intriguing prospect that IRD patients may have a varying risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes depending on the type of biological agents they were given. Rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil should be used with caution in IRD patients, particularly if they have concomitant comorbidities that put them at a high likelihood of developing severe COVID‐19 outcomes.
Use of amino acid isotope analysis to investigate capital versus income breeding strategies in migratory avian species
Authors: Lübcker Nico , Whiteman John P. , Shipley Oliver N. , Hobson Keith A. , Newsome Seth D.
Published: June 2023

Income and capital breeding represent opposing ends of a continuum of reproductive strategies. Quantifying nutrient allocation to reproduction is challenging, but recent advances in compound‐specific stable isotope analysis hold promise for tracing the source of individual compounds allocated to reproduction.

Here, we describe a novel approach of using measured carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in pectoral muscle of egg‐laying females and egg yolk as a useful tool to quantify the reliance on income versus capital breeding in migrating species. We used white‐fronted (Anser albifrons frontalis), lesser snow (A. caerulescens caerulescens) and black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) geese breeding in tundra ecosystems of northern Alaska as model organisms.

All three species relied on mixed capital–income breeding strategies, but models based on AA isotope data estimated higher proportional contributions of endogenous resources to yolk synthesis compared to results based on bulk tissue isotope analyses.

Tracing income versus capital nutrient allocation in migratory species at the compound level is a major advance from the current ‘elemental’ perspective obtained from bulk tissue stable isotope analyses. Our framework is applicable to all taxonomic groups, as long as there is a sufficient spatial or temporal isotopic gradient between resources obtained during the breeding and non‐breeding periods.
Sonotype‐level responses of Afrotropical hipposiderid bats to local‐scale effects of rainforest structure
Authors: Mande Claude , Kirkpatrick Lucinda , Van Cakenberghe Victor , De Bruyn Luc , Laudisoit Anne , Gembu Guy‐Crispin , Verheyen Erik
Published: June 2023

Bats exhibit a variety of life‐history traits that can serve as valuable surrogate metrics of terrestrial ecosystem health. Here, we investigate how sonotype activity of hipposiderid bats covaries with habitat structure at finer spatial scales. We recorded passive echolocation calls and measured key habitat attributes in six rainforests in the Lomami and Yangambi landscapes, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Using bat passes as a measure of sonotype activity, we clustered echolocation calls based on call structure similarity to control for within‐sonotype variation in activity. Over 432 h of recording, we detected 370 passes matching a hipposiderid sonotype in three subgroups, recovering eight potential species. Open habitats negatively affected sonotype activity in the Hipposideros subgroup, which was associated with higher echolocation frequencies. Indeed, activity peaked in the early evening when mean post‐sunset temperature was above the nocturnal average and declined until early morning when mean temperatures dropped below the nightly average. All habitat variables were marginally correlated with the activity of the Doryrhina subgroup, whereas Macronycteris was more active in open habitats. Our findings indicate a probable flexibility of habitat use in lower echolocating bats and point to three possible foraging guilds that modulate hipposiderid bat responses to habitat structure.
Exploring the impact of remoteness on people with head and neck cancer: Utilisation of a state‐wide dataset
Authors: Foley Jasmine , Wishart Laurelie R. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Burns Clare L. , Packer Rebecca L. , Philpot Shoni , Kenny Lizbeth M. , Stevens Maurice
Published: June 2023

Objective

Living in regional/rural areas can impact outcomes for people with head and neck cancer (HNC). Using a comprehensive state‐wide dataset, the impact of remoteness on key service parameters and outcomes for people with HNC was examined.

Methods

Retrospective quantitative analysis of routinely collected data held within the Queensland Oncology Repository.

Design

Quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression and geospatial analysis).

Setting

All people diagnosed with HNC in Queensland, Australia.

Participants

The impact of remoteness was examined in 1991 people (1171 metropolitan, 485 inner‐regional, 335 rural) with HNC cancer diagnosed between 2013 and 2015.

Main Outcome Measures

This paper reports key demographics and tumour characteristics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, First Nations status, co‐morbidities, primary tumour site and staging), service use/uptake (treatment rates, attendance at multidisciplinary team review and timing to treatment) and post‐acute outcomes (readmission rates, causes of readmission and 2‐year survival). In addition to this, the distribution of people with HNC across QLD, distances travelled and patterns of readmission were also analysed.

Results

Regression analysis revealed remoteness significantly (p < 0.001) impacted access to MDT review, receiving treatment, and time to treatment commencement, but not readmission or 2‐year survival. Reasons for readmission did not differ by remoteness, with dysphagia, nutritional inadequacies, gastrointestinal disorders and fluid imbalance indicated in the majority of readmissions. Rural people were significantly (p < 0.0001) more likely to travel to care and to readmit to a different facility than provided primary treatment.

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into the health care disparities for people with HNC residing in regional/rural areas.
What determines incumbent vote in Indonesia? Understanding the roles of economic conditions, religiousness, political ideology, and incumbent performance
Authors: Yustisia Whinda , Eka Putra Idhamsyah , Hakim Moh Abdul
Published: June 2023

This study investigates possible factors leading to voting for a presidential incumbent in Indonesia, a Muslim‐majority democratic country. In addition to economic factors, we argue that religious‐psychological factors will also play a role. However, they may operate through different mechanisms. Using data from a national survey ( N = 1088), we found some support for our hypotheses. We found that economic factors (objective personal economy and subjective national economy, but not subjective personal economy) had significant direct relationships with the incumbent vote. In contrast, religiousness did not directly correlate significantly with the vote. Indirect effect analyses showed that incumbent evaluation mediated the relationship between economic factors (except for objective economic conditions) and the incumbent vote. On the other hand, we did not find a mediating role of incumbent performance evaluation in the relationship between religiousness and incumbent vote. Rather, we found a significant mediation effect of political ideology. We also found that the relationship between religiousness and the incumbent vote was mediated by political ideology and incumbent performance evaluation in serial. These findings suggest a stronger effect of non‐religious than religious factors. However, the indirect effect analysis suggests that the role of religiousness is not negligible.
On Accounting Firms Serving Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: A Review, Synthesis and Research Agenda
Authors: Ali Zahid , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: June 2023

This paper systematically reviews the body of literature on accounting firms that serve small and medium‐sized enterprises. It seeks to present the status quo, reflect on inconsistent views, uncover gaps and suggest avenues for future research. Following a database search and referral scan, 54 empirical studies published in peer‐reviewed journals are identified and used for the analysis. We group the sample studies into three clusters according to commonalities in the topics addressed. A further analysis of individual clusters enables us to conclude that the role of accounting firms as business advisors is yet to be substantiated due to the absence of high‐quality research in international settings. It also becomes evident that although organisational and institutional factors affect the demand for services from accounting firms, individual factors act as conditions that activate the demand. Our review also reveals deficiencies in the majority of previous studies to incorporate potential moderating variables and mediating mechanisms while examining the relationship between service acquisition and expected outcomes. This paper contributes to the ongoing knowledge debates regarding the changing nature of accounting firms, client–accountant relationships and service acquisition outcomes by specifically focusing on accounting firms at the lower end of the professional field.
Morality analysis: Reducing moral backlash to public policy
Authors: Mills Brent
Published: June 2023

Widely used policy development processes rarely systematically consider differing moral values, which can lead to overlooked risks, ineffective communications and suboptimal policy design. This article introduces morality analysis, a policy tool that draws on moral foundations theory to optimize policy and program design, build public support for policies and present key advice to decision‐makers. Morality analysis is used to examine the case of a controversial vaccination incentive program introduced by the Government of Alberta in late 2021 and identify policy options that would likely have prompted less public backlash. This article suggests that morality analysis should supplement the policy analysis toolkit.
Phylogenetic community patterns suggest Central Indian tropical dry forests are structured by montane climate refuges
Authors: Grant Kyle R. , Davies T. Jonathan , Harish Sachin Medigeshi , Dar Javid Ahmad , Kothandaraman Subashree , Ray Tapas , Malasiya Dinesh , Dayanandan Selvadurai , Khan Mohammed Latif
Published: June 2023

Aim

We used an eco‐phylogenetic approach to investigate the diversity and assembly patterns of tropical dry forests (TDFs) in Central India. We aimed at informing conservation and restoration practices in these anthropogenically disturbed forests by identifying potential habitats of conservation significance and elements of regional biodiversity most vulnerable to human impact and climate change.

Location

Tropical dry forests of Madhya Pradesh, Central India.

Methods

We analysed the species richness, stem density, basal area and phylogenetic structure (standardized effect size of MNTD, MPD, PD and community evolutionary distinctiveness cED) of 117 tree species assemblages distributed across a ~230 to ~940 m elevational gradient. We examined how these community measures and taxonomic (Sørensen) and phylogenetic (UniFrac) beta diversity varied with elevation, precipitation, temperature and climatic stress.

Results

Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, stem density and basal area were positively correlated with elevation, with high‐elevation plots exhibiting cooler temperatures, higher precipitation and lower stress. High‐elevation assemblages also trended towards greater phylogenetic dispersion, which diminished at lower elevations and in drier, more stressful plots. Phylogenetic turnover was observed across the elevation gradient, and species evolutionary distinctiveness increased at lower elevations and under harsher abiotic conditions.

Main Conclusions

Harsher abiotic conditions at low elevations may act as a selective filter on plant lineages, leading to phylogenetically clustered low‐diversity assemblages. These assemblages contained more evolutionarily distinct species that may contribute disproportionately to biodiversity. Conversely, milder abiotic conditions at high elevations may serve as refuges for drought‐sensitive species, resulting in more diverse assemblages. Conservation practices that prioritize both high‐ and low‐elevation habitats could promote the persistence of evolutionarily distinct species and areas of high biodiversity within the Central Indian landscape. Establishing connectivity between these habitats may provide a range of climatic conditions for species to retreat to or persist within as climates change.
Range contractions and reduced body mass predicted for endemic skinks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line with future warming
Authors: Kameni N. Michèle Marina , Landry Yuan Félix , Gonwouo N. LeGrand , Tapondjou N. Walter Paulin , Allen Kaitlin E. , Fomena Abraham , Tsang Toby P. N.
Published: June 2023

Aim

The vulnerability of montane species to environmental change has been increasingly recognized in recent years. However, most of these species are regionally endemic with restricted distributions, limiting dispersal necessary for avoiding extinction. The outcome of threats posed for montane lizards is further complicated in species exhibiting mass–temperature relationships where body size increases with cooling temperatures, and thus with altitude, causing intraspecific physiological and behavioural differences. We aimed to identify areas suitable for montane endemic skinks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) under current and future climates to reveal patterns of persistence and vulnerability based on an intersection of climate and body mass.

Location

Cameroon Volcanic Line

Methods

We recorded occurrences and measured body mass in the field for two CVL‐endemic skink species. We supplemented occurrences with online repository records. We projected current and future habitat suitability in the region by implementing bioclimatic species distribution models‐based on occurrences. We tested for elevational variations in body mass, and integrated both occurrence and body mass information in a trait‐based model to estimate current and future body mass.

Results

Projected currently suitable habitat for both species was limited to higher elevation regions, which are inhabited by numerous other threatened herpetofauna. We additionally detected Bergmann clines in body mass for both species. Given this variation in body mass, trait model projections covered slightly larger geographical ranges than bioclimatic estimates. Under future warming, both models project substantial contractions in suitable areas, potentially constraining species to mountain tops. Through the trait‐based approach, we further detected potential warming‐induced body mass reductions in projected suitable areas.

Main Conclusions

We demonstrate how combining occurrence records with species trait information in ecological modelling can reveal complementary trends for comprehensive warming impact assessments. Overall, challenges toward the persistence of CVL‐endemic skinks should prompt urgent responses in national conservation management and local community engagement.
Relationship between hemoglobin, hemolysis, and transcranial Doppler velocities in children with sickle cell disease: Results from a long‐term natural history study in Italy in the era of multimodal therapy
Authors: Reggiani Giulia , Coppadoro Beatrice , Munaretto Vania , Pieroni Alessio , Viaro Federica , Manara Renzo , Beaubrun Anne , Biffi Alessandra , Baracchini Claudio , Sainati Laura , Colombatti Raffaella
Published: June 2023

Background

Stroke and cerebral vasculopathy are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a reliable and validated predictor of stroke risk. Children with conditional or abnormal TCD are at an increased risk for stroke, which can be mitigated by red blood cell transfusion or hydroxyurea. Elucidating the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and hemolytic anemia can help identify novel therapeutic approaches to reduce stroke risk and transfusion dependence.

Methods

This long‐term, real‐world study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of TCD imaging (TCDi)‐assessed flow velocities in children and to interrogate their relationship with markers of anemia and hemolysis.

Results

In total, 155 children (median follow‐up 79.8 months, 1358.44 patient‐years) had 583 evaluable TCDi results. Only patients with HbSS or HbSβ0 had abnormal (1.6%) or conditional (10.9%) TCDi. Children with abnormal or conditional TCDi had lower hemoglobin (Hb) and higher hemolysis markers. A linear correlation was detected between TCD velocity and Hb: an Hb increase of 1 g/dL corresponded to decreases in velocity in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries (6.137 cm/s and 7.243 cm/s). Moreover, patients with Hb >9 g/dL presented a lower risk of TCDi‐associated events.

Conclusion

These results support the need to optimize disease‐modifying treatments that increase Hb and reduce hemolysis for stroke prevention in young children with SCD.
Is (self‐)reflection a form of intentionality? Sartre's dilemma
Authors: Dozzi Marco D.
Published: June 2023

Sartre maintains that “all consciousness is consciousness of something.” Idiosyncratically, he also understands this “intentionality principle” to entail that what consciousness is “of” is necessarily distinct from it (or “outside of” it, or “transcendent to” it). Nonetheless, he also maintains that all consciousness is necessarily conscious of—or rather, “(of)”—itself in a non‐intentional (in his terms: “non‐positional/non‐thetic”) manner. Given that this non‐positional/thetic self‐consciousness is not intentional, it is evidently immune to the “difference” principle, but this is less clear with respect to self‐reflection (which Sartre simply calls “reflection”). It seems impossible for reflection to be “intentional” because intentionality entails difference—yet it also seems problematic to consider reflection “non‐intentional” because it then becomes difficult to distinguish reflection from non‐positional/thetic self‐consciousness as such (which is inherently “unreflective”). This can be called Sartre's “dilemma of reflection.” While Sartre seems to alternate between portraying reflection as intentional and as non‐intentional (it generally appears like the former), this paper argues that it should be conceived as both according to different respects. By piecing together various passages of Sartre's texts and drawing out their implications, Sartre can be shown to have the resources for an answer to his own dilemma.
The impact of rising temperatures on the prevalence of coral diseases and its predictability: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Burke Samantha , Pottier Patrice , Lagisz Malgorzata , Macartney Erin L. , Ainsworth Tracy , Drobniak Szymon M. , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: June 2023

Coral reefs are under threat from disease as climate change alters environmental conditions. Rising temperatures exacerbate coral disease, but this relationship is likely complex as other factors also influence coral disease prevalence. To better understand this relationship, we meta‐analytically examined 108 studies for changes in global coral disease over time alongside temperature, expressed using average summer sea surface temperature (SST) and cumulative heat stress as weekly sea surface temperature anomalies (WSSTAs). We found that both rising average summer SST and WSSTA were associated with global increases in the mean and variability in coral disease prevalence. Global coral disease prevalence tripled, reaching 9.92% in the 25 years examined, and the effect of ‘year’ became more stable (i.e. prevalence has lower variance over time), contrasting the effects of the two temperature stressors. Regional patterns diverged over time and differed in response to average summer SST. Our model predicted that, under the same trajectory, 76.8% of corals would be diseased globally by 2100, even assuming moderate average summer SST and WSSTA. These results highlight the need for urgent action to mitigate coral disease. Mitigating the impact of rising ocean temperatures on coral disease is a complex challenge requiring global discussion and further study.
A Century of World Conferences on Faith and Order
Authors: Mateus Odair Pedroso
Published: June 2023

In February 2022, the central committee of the World Council of Churches (WCC) agreed the proposal for a World Conference on Faith and Order to be held in 2025 to coincide with the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea. This will be the sixth such world conference since the First World Conference on Faith and Order was held in 1927 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Against this background, this article reviews the history of the World Conferences on Faith and Order from the origins of the Faith and Order movement to the Fifth World Conference on Faith and Order in 1993. Although created autonomous and self‐governing, organized around regular world conferences, with the creation of the WCC in 1948, the Faith and Order movement became a commission of the WCC.
Pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness
Authors: Mercer Melissa A. , Davis Jennifer L. , McKenzie Harold C. , Byron Christopher R. , Kelleher Maureen E. , Trager Lauren , Cecere Thomas E. , Wilson Katie E. , Council‐Troche R. M. , Werre Stephen R.
Published: June 2023

Background

Acetaminophen is used clinically in horses with musculoskeletal pain; however, no studies have been performed in horses with chronic lameness.

Objectives

To determine the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of chronic dosing of acetaminophen in horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness.

Study design

Longitudinal.

Methods

Twelve adult horses with chronic lameness were treated with acetaminophen (30 mg/kg PO) every 12 h for 21 days. Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen were analysed on days 7 and 21 via LC–MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Lameness was evaluated by body‐mounted inertial sensor (BMIS) and 10‐point subjective lameness score on day 21 and compared to untreated baseline evaluation on day 35. Clinicopathological analysis (n = 12), hepatic biopsy (n = 6) and gastroscopy (n = 6) were evaluated on days −1 and 22.

Results

Maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration (Cmax) was 20.83 ± 10.25 μg/mL at time (Tmax) 0.40 ± 0.22 h on day 7. The Cmax on day 21 was 17.33 ± 6.91 μg/mL with a Tmax of 0.67 ± 0.26 h. Subjective lameness scores significantly improved at 2 and 4 h post‐treatment; Significant percent improvement was detected in PDmax for horses with hindlimb lameness at 1, 2 and 8 h post‐treatment. There were no significant differences in gastroscopy or hepatic biopsy scores between days −1 and 22.

Main limitations

Small sample size, multi‐limb lameness of varying severity and aetiology, lack of intermediary lameness evaluation.

Conclusions

In horses with naturally occurring chronic lameness, acetaminophen at 30 mg/kg produced a transient improvement in subjective lameness and BMIS evaluation. Acetaminophen may not be effective as a monotherapy. Acetaminophen was safe following 21 days of 30 mg/kg PO every 12 h, with no evidence of clinically significant changes in clinicopathological analysis, hepatic biopsy or gastric ulceration scores.
A review on software and hardware developments in automatic epilepsy diagnosis usingEEGdatasets
Authors: Handa Palak , Gupta Esha , Muskan Satya , Goel Nidhi
Published: June 2023

Epilepsy is a common non‐communicable, group of neurological disorders affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Different approaches of basic, clinical, and translational research of the human brain have been explored to diagnose, treat, and manage the growing no. of cases of epilepsy. Various hospital information from video, images, signals, forms, and so forth, are retrieved and analysed to develop a consensus for such patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) tests are routinely used to diagnose the type of epilepsy in a clinical setting. Artificial Intelligence algorithms are assisting in the early detection and prediction of epileptic patterns observed in EEG signals. This paper reviews recent and emerging state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) software and hardware approaches in data selection, signal processing, feature estimation, classification, detection methods, and evaluation metrics applied to open and private EEG datasets from 2014 to 2022. The work summarizes and compares reported works through subjective and objective parameters. Rise in hardware pipeline, start‐ups, and companies, deep learning methods in software pipeline and release of free EEG datasets have been observed from 2014 to 2022. SOTA advancements have shown immense potential and paved a path to successful real‐time detection, prediction, and management of epileptic seizures.
Resolving domain positions of cellobiose dehydrogenase by small angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Motycka Bettina , Csarman Florian , Tscheliessnig Rupert , Hammel Michal , Ludwig Roland
Published: June 2023

The interdomain electron transfer (IET) between the catalytic flavodehydrogenase domain and the electron‐transferring cytochrome domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) plays an essential role in biocatalysis, biosensors and biofuel cells, as well as in its natural function as an auxiliary enzyme of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase. We investigated the mobility of the cytochrome and dehydrogenase domains of CDH, which is hypothesised to limit IET in solution by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). CDH from Myriococcum thermophilum (syn. Crassicarpon hotsonii, syn. Thermothelomyces myriococcoides) was probed by SAXS to study the CDH mobility at different pH and in the presence of divalent cations. By comparison of the experimental SAXS data, using pair‐distance distribution functions and Kratky plots, we show an increase in CDH mobility at higher pH, indicating alterations of domain mobility. To further visualise CDH movement in solution, we performed SAXS‐based multistate modelling. Glycan structures present on CDH partially masked the resulting SAXS shapes, we diminished these effects by deglycosylation and studied the effect of glycoforms by modelling. The modelling shows that with increasing pH, the cytochrome domain adopts a more flexible state with significant separation from the dehydrogenase domain. On the contrary, the presence of calcium ions decreases the mobility of the cytochrome domain. Experimental SAXS data, multistate modelling and previously reported kinetic data show how pH and divalent ions impact the closed state necessary for the IET governed by the movement of the CDH cytochrome domain.
CO2 fertilization contributed more than half of the observed forest biomass increase in northern extra‐tropical land
Authors: He Yue , Liu Yongwen , Lei Lingjie , Terrer César , Huntingford Chris , Peñuelas Josep , Xu Hao , Piao Shilong
Published: June 2023

The existence of a large‐biomass carbon (C) sink in Northern Hemisphere extra‐tropical ecosystems (NHee) is well‐established, but the relative contribution of different potential drivers remains highly uncertain. Here we isolated the historical role of carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization by integrating estimates from 24 CO2‐enrichment experiments, an ensemble of 10 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and two observation‐based biomass datasets. Application of the emergent constraint technique revealed that DGVMs underestimated the historical response of plant biomass to increasing [CO2] in forests () but overestimated the response in grasslands () since the 1850s. Combining the constrained (0.86 ± 0.28 kg C m−2 [100 ppm]−1) with observed forest biomass changes derived from inventories and satellites, we identified that CO2 fertilization alone accounted for more than half (54 ± 18% and 64 ± 21%, respectively) of the increase in biomass C storage since the 1990s. Our results indicate that CO2 fertilization dominated the forest biomass C sink over the past decades, and provide an essential step toward better understanding the key role of forests in land‐based policies for mitigating climate change.
The digitalisation of consumption and its geographies
Authors: Liu Chen
Published: June 2023

As consumer cultures become increasingly digital and the digital/data has become more commodified, geographers have turned their attention to researching the ways in which consumption spaces, socialities and subjectivities are (re)produced by the digitalisation of everyday life. This article investigates the relationships between the digital and geographies of consumption based on a close reading of recent studies on the promises, possibilities, challenges, and flaws of the intersections of the digital and consumption in geography. It connects the digitalisation of consumption with the tradition of mapping and doing geographies of consumption that is concerned with the social life of thing, and opens a conversation on how subjectivities, spatialities, and socialities of consumption are reproduced by the changes in digital spaces and practices in the mundane. This article also points to the potential of a ‘follow the digital’ approach for establishing a dynamic and multi‐sited understanding of geographies of consumption in the digital context.
Exploring the impact of engagement in mental health and substance use research: A scoping review and thematic analysis
Authors: Sheikhan Natasha Y. , Kuluski Kerry , McKee Shelby , Hiebert Melissa , Hawke Lisa D.
Published: June 2023

Background

There is growing evidence demonstrating the impact of engaging people with lived experience (PWLE) in health research. However, it remains unclear what evidence is available regarding the impact of engagement specific to mental health and substance use research.

Methods

A scoping review of three databases and thematic analysis were conducted. Sixty‐one articles that described the impact of engagement in mental health and substance use research on either individual experiences or the research process were included.

Results

Key topics include (a) the impact of engagement on individual experiences; (b) the impact of engagement on the research process; and (c) facilitators and barriers to impactful engagement. Studies largely focused on the perceived positive impact of engagement on PWLE (e.g., personal and professional growth, empowering and rewarding experience, feeling heard and valued), researchers (e.g., rewarding experience, deeper understanding of research topic, changes to practice), and study participants (e.g., added value, fostered a safe space). Engagement activities were perceived to improve facets of the research process, such as improvements to research quality (e.g., rigour, trustworthiness, relevance to the community), research components (e.g., recruitment), and the research environment (e.g., shifted power dynamics). Facilitators and barriers were mapped onto the lived experience, researcher, team, and institutional levels. Commonly used terminologies for engagement and PWLE were discussed.

Conclusion

Engaging PWLE—from consultation to co‐creation throughout the research cycle—is perceived as having a positive impact on both the research process and individual experiences. Future research is needed to bring consistency to engagement, leverage the facilitators to engagement, and address the barriers, and in turn generate research findings that have value not only to the scientific community, but also to the people impacted by the science.

Patient or Public Contribution

PWLE were engaged throughout the scoping review process, including the screening phase, analysis phase, and write‐up phase.