bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confocal Endomicroscopy Diagnostic Criteria for Early Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pilonis Nastazja D. , O’Donovan Maria , Richardson Susan , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Pietro Massimiliano
Published: December 2021

Background
Recognition of early signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) in patients with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) undergoing endoscopic surveillance is challenging. We hypothesized that probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) might help diagnose early cancerous lesions in the context of HDGC. The aim of this study was to identify pCLE diagnostic criteria for early SRCC.
Methods
Patients with HDGC were prospectively recruited and pCLE assessment was performed on areas suspicious for early SRCC and control regions. Targeted biopsies were taken for gold standard histologic assessment. In Phase I two investigators assessed video sequences off-line to identify pCLE features related to SRCC. In Phase II pCLE diagnostic criteria were evaluated in an independent video set by the investigators blinded to the histologic diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and interobserver agreement were calculated.
Results
42 video sequences from 16 HDGC patients were included in Phase I. Four pCLE patterns associated to SRCC histologic features were identified: (A) glands with attenuated margins, (B) glands with spiculated or irregular shape, (C) heterogenous granular stroma with sparse glands, (D) enlarged vessels with tortuous shape. In Phase II, 38 video sequences from 15 patients were assessed. Criteria A and B and C had the highest diagnostic accuracy, with a κ for interobserver agreement ranging from 0.153 to 0.565. A panel comprising these 3 criteria with a cut-off of at least one positive criterion had a sensitivity of 80.9% (95%CI:58.1 - 94.5%) and a specificity of 70.6% (95%CI:44.0 - 89.7%) for a diagnosis of SRCC.
Conclusions
We have generated and validated off-line pCLE criteria for early SRCC. Future real-time validation of these criteria is required.
Dirofilaria Repens Infection of the Eye
Authors: Engelsberg Karl , Bläckberg Jonas
Published: December 2021

We present the first report of a live subconjunctival Dirofilaria Repens in the Nordic countries. A woman had been in India five months before her symptoms started with redness and a foreign sensation in her eye. A worm that moved was found under her conjunctiva (film enclosed). She was instantly operated and the worm was removed (film enclosed). Surgical removal of the worm led to resolution of symptoms and a good clinical outcome.
Subnanometric Cu Clusters on Atomically Fe-doped MoO2 for Furfural Upgrading to Aviation Biofuels
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wang Fengliang , Kong Xiangpeng , Fang Ruiqi , Li Yingwei
Published: December 2021

Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) are considered as versatile boosters in heterogeneous catalysis due to their modifiable single cluster sites and supports. In this work, we report subnanometric Cu clusters dispersed on Fe-doped MoO2 support for biomass-derived furfural upgrading. Systematical characterizations suggest uniform Cu clusters (composing four Cu atoms in average) are homogeneously immobilized on the atomically Fe-doped ultrafine MoO2 nanocrystals (Cu4/Fe0.3Mo0.7O2@C). The atomic doping of Fe into MoO2 leads to significantly modified electronic structure and consequently charge redistribution inside the supported Cu clusters. The as-prepared Cu4/Fe0.3Mo0.7O2@C shows superior catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of furfural with C3~C10 primary/secondary alcohols to produce C8~C15 aldehydes/ketones (aviation biofuel intermediates), outperforming the conventionally prepared counterparts. DFT calculations and control experiments are further carried out to interpret the structural and compositional merits of Cu4/Fe0.3Mo0.7O2@C in the oxidative coupling reaction, and elucidate the reaction pathway and related intermediates.
Appropriate cesarean rates using Robson’s Ten-Group Classification System in a Brazilian private practice
Authors: Campos Andrea Silveira de Queiroz , Rattner Daphne , Diniz Carmen Simone Grilo
Published: December 2021

Background
The increasing rates of cesarean sections (CS) in places with adequate access to health care are a global concern because they are related to higher rates of maternal and neonatal complications and do not provide a positive childbirth experience for women. The objective is to highlight the possibility of achieving CS rates acceptable by WHO standards, such as Nordic countries, following evidence-based protocols in Brazil.
Methods
A cross-sectional study evaluated CS rates by Robson Groups for women who sought vaginal delivery in a private health practice in Brazil, comparing the rates with Swedish data. A collaborative practice with midwives and obstetricians adopting evidence-based guidelines was offered. The overall CS rate, CS rate by Robson group, contribution of each Robson group to the overall CS rate, clinical and nonclinical interventions and vaginal birth, pre-labour CS and intrapartum CS proportions were estimated. The expected CS rate for the population was calculated by the WHO c-model tool. The analysis used Microsoft EXCEL and the software "R Studio" (version 1.2.1335. 2009-2019).
Results
The overall CS rate was 15.1% (as expected by the WHO c-model tool) in a population composed of 43.7% women in Robson Group 1, 11.4% in Group 2 and 14.9% in Group 5, the greatest responsible for higher rates of CS, who altogether contributed to 75.4% of all cesarean sections.
Conclusions
Multidisciplinary care following evidence-based protocols, associated with a high motivation of both women and professionals of childbirth care for a vaginal route for delivery, may lead to a significant and safe reduction of CS rates, obtaining better results even in contexts such as Brazil, where there is high medicalization of obstetric care and excess of CS.
Evolution of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 and REST Corepressor Gene Families and Their Molecular Interaction
Authors: Olivares Montserrat , Merello Gianluca , Verbel Daniel , Gonzalez Marcela , Andrés María , Opazo Juan
Published: December 2021

Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) binds to RCOR gene family of corepressors to erase transcriptionally active marks on histones. Functional diversity in these complexes depends on the type of RCOR included, which modulates the complex´s catalytic activity. We studied the duplicative history of RCOR and LSD gene families, and analyzed the evolution of their interaction. We found that RCOR genes are the product of the two rounds of whole-genome duplications that occurred early in vertebrate evolution. In contrast, the origin of the LSD genes traces back before to the divergence of animals and plants. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments using resurrected RCOR and LSD1 proteins of the jawed vertebrate ancestor, and the common hop, date the origin of LSD1-RCOR interaction to the ancestor of animals, fungi, and plants. Overall, we trace LSD1-RCOR complex evolution and propose that animal, fungi, and plant non-model species offer advantages in addressing questions about the molecular biology of this epigenetic complex.
Conceptualization and Psychometric Properties of the Sleep Behavior Self-regulation Dimensions: A Theory-Based Instrument
Authors: ghasemi parvin , Eslami Ahmad Ali , Mazaheri Maryam Amidi
Published: December 2021

Background: Focus on sleep regulation is crucial due to the direct health consequences of insufficient sleep to adolescents’ health and education performance. This study aims to develop and validate an instrument to measure sleep behavior self-regulation (SBSR) and its influential factors in a student sample.Methods: A preliminary version of the measurement instrument was developed using a literature review and conceptual framework. Expert analysis of content validity, item analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis was performed for the psychometric evaluation. This study has a total of 401 students. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0.Results: The exploratory factor analyses offered a structure with six factors. The model presents a good fit (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA = 0.053, CFI = 0.920, and GFI =0.826). General test reliability was good (α = 0.9).Conclusions: SBSRI is a multidimensional instrument and a valid and reliable way of obtaining information about sleep behavior self-regulation. The use of this instrument will make it possible to adjust behavior to subjective goals and real experiences to promote sleep-related behavior change.
Sedimentary, Diagenetic and Accumulation Characteristics of an Offshore Oil-gas Field—a Case Study of Huizhou Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Liu Longlong , Wu Yinjiao , Dong Hongzhi , Fan Ronghua , Sun Zhongqiang , Huang Rihui , Zhang Jinliang
Published: December 2021

In the Z21 oil-gas field, a total of six depositional lithofacies and two depositional elements were identified based on core observation. Three main diagenetic processes, namely mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution of Miocene Zhujiang Formation sandstones were identified according to thin section and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of core samples. Cementations mainly contain silica cementation, carbonate cementation, clay minerals and pyrite. A total of three main pore types, residual primary intergranular pores, secondary dissolution pores and micropores, were identified. Sand sheet deposited in low-energy environment and is characterized by relatively low porosity and permeability values. Lager grain-sized sandstones are of higher quality compared to smaller-sized sandstones. Mechanical compaction, calcite cementation and clay mineral cementation play a key role in reducing porosity and permeability, whereas dissolution of feldspar and debris contribute significantly to improving the reservoir quality. The gas charge occurs prior to oil charge, forming a gas cap in the structural high and an oil ring in the lower formation. Irreducible water stored in the lenticular sandstone of low-porosity and permeability reservoir may convert to movable water as the drill and production perform.
Influence of Covid-19 Vaccination Coverage on Case Fatality Rate
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: December 2021

Background: Recent evidence suggested that an increase in Covid-19 attack rate is correlated to increased case fatality rate (CFR) Covid-19 disease severity. An increase in the attack rate was suggested to lead to an increase in the viral load a proposed mechanism leading to this association. In this context, we conduct this study to look for the influence of decreasing the number of Covid-19 cases through vaccination on CFR.Material and methods: We collected data concerning all countries/territories that implement Covid-19 vaccination at least for the last hundred days ending on 3d of April 2021. They were sixteen in number.Descriptive data analysis used included mean value, standard deviation, and graphical presentation by using Stem-Leaf charts and bar charts.Inferential data analyses used included the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and general linear model procedure (GLM).Results: Findings showed that in a highly significant association the mean CFR decreased in countries with > 18 Covid-19 vaccine doses per 100 inhabitants.Conclusion: Vaccination coverage may constitute another factor that determines temporal and spatial variances in CFR.
Design And Synthesis Of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidine-Based Derivatives As Reversible BTK Inhibitors With Potent Antiproliferative Activity In Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ran Fansheng , Liu Yang , Zhao Guisen
Published: December 2021

Development of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors is of great value and significance in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Herein, a novel class of pyrazolopyrimidine-based BTK inhibitors were designed and evaluated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines. We demonstrated that target compounds had made great progress in improvement of antiproliferative activity compared to lead compound. Compounds 13c, 13g, 13h, 13l, 13n and 13o demonstrated effectively antiproliferative activity in MCL cells lines with single-digit micromolar potency. Furthermore, compound 13l specifically disturbed mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species level in Z138 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 13l induced cell apoptosis through the caspase 3- mediated apoptotic pathway in Z138 cells. Overall, this study provides valuable lead compounds for developing antitumor agents.
Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposite Prepared With Aqueous Sodium-hydroxide and Aqueous Acetic Acid Solutions: Characteristics and Their Cytotoxic Effects
Authors: Ebrahimi Laya , Hosseinzadeh Saeid , Montaseri Maryam , Berizi Enayat , Yousefi Mohammad Hashem , Jalaei Jaafar , Rahsepar Mansour
Published: December 2021

In this study cytotoxic effects of silver-chitosan nanocomposites with aqueous sodium-hydroxide solution (SCNC-ASHS), and aqueous acetic acid solution (SCNC-AAAS) were evaluated, in vitro. The morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Their cytotoxicity were then evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) in concentrations of 1.56 to 400 µg/ml, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining after 24h and 48h. Results showed the cytotoxicity of 400 µg/ml of SCNC-ASHS on Vero and HT-29 cells of 80.57% and 84.37% after 24h, and 82.20% and 84.84% after 48h. While, the values for SCNC-AAAS on Vero and HT-29 cell-lines were respectively 80.63% and 87.64% after 24h, and 83.60% and 87.44% after 48h. The most toxicity on HT-29 cells was belonged to SCNC-AAAS with IC50 of 40.4 µg/ml. In the staining procedure, cell viability for 25 µg/ml concentration of SCNC-AAAS was 41.84% in HT-29 cell and, for 6.25 µg/ml of SCNC-AAAS was 37.51% in Vero cells. A considerable decrease in cell viability was observed. Types of nanoparticles, synthesis methods, and different cell lines play role in inducing cytotoxicity. Anti-cancer effect of the nanoparticles on the colon cancerous cells (HT-29), of that SCNC-AAAS displayed higher effect than SCNC-ASHS.
Study On The Steel-Aluminum Plastic Clinching of The Inclined Wall Die
Authors: Wang Menghan , Chen Yifeng , Han Yan , Li Lei , Du Menglong
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problems of low strength and unsatisfactory connection quality of plastic clinching of heterogeneous lightweight materials for the cars body, the Q235 steel sheets, and 5052 aluminum alloy sheets were taken as the research objects, and the inclined wall die for plastic clinching was designed based on the deformation and flow characteristics of sheets in the plastic clinching process. The elastic-plastic finite element numerical simulation and experimental research were used to analyze the plastic clinching process of the inclined wall die, and the failure mode and mechanism of the clinching joints in the shear and peel experiment were deeply studied. The results show that the inclined wall die can effectively increase the interlock value of the joints and reduce the maximum joining force during the clinching process under the condition of ensuring the neck thickness of the joints. When the inclined wall angle α increases from 90° to 100°, the interlock value increases by 38.9%, and the maximum joining force decreases by 8.3%. The influence of inclined wall structure on joint quality can be divided into extrusion stage, radial inflow stage, and stability stage. The comparison between the clinching experiment and the finite element results shows that the two results are in good agreement, which proves that the finite element model of plastic clinching of inclined wall die has a high degree of credibility, and verifies the feasibility of practical application of inclined wall die. Finally, under shear and peel loads, the main failure mode of the joints is separation failure.
Frameless Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Biopsies for Lesions of the Brainstem – A Series of 103 Consecutive Biopsies
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Legrand Victor , Monfilliette-Djelad Apolline , Maurage Claude-Alain , Vannod-Michel Quentin , Blond Serge , Touzet Gustavo , Reyns Nicolas
Published: December 2021

PurposeTargeted treatment for brainstem lesions requires above all a precise histopathological and molecular diagnosis. In the current technological era, robot-assisted stereotactic biopsies represent an accurate and safe procedure for tissue diagnosis. We present our center’s experience in frameless robot-assisted biopsies for brainstem lesions. MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients benefitting from a frameless robot-guided stereotactic biopsy at our University Hospital, from 2001 to 2017. Patients consented to the use of data and/or images. The NeuroMate® robot (Renishaw™, UK) was used. We report on lesion location, trajectory strategy, histopathological diagnosis and procedure safety. ResultsOur series encompasses 96 patients (103 biopsies) treated during a 17 years period. Mean age at biopsy: 34.0 years (range 1-78). Most common location: pons (62.1%). Transcerebellar approach: 61 procedures (59.2%). Most common diagnoses: diffuse glioma (67.0%), metastases (7.8%) and lymphoma (6.8%). Non conclusive diagnosis: 10 cases (9.7%). After second biopsy this decreased to 4 cases (4.1%). Overall biopsy diagnostic yield: 95.8%. Permanent disability was recorded in 3 patients (2.9%, all adults), while transient complications in 17 patients (17.7%). Four cases of intra-tumoral hematoma were recorded (one case with rapid decline and fatal issue). Adjuvant targeted treatment was performed in 72.9% of patients. Mean follow-up (in the Neurosurgery Department): 2.2 years. ConclusionFrameless robot-assisted stereotactic biopsies can provide the initial platform towards a safe and accurate management for brainstem lesions, offering a high diagnostic yield with low permanent morbidity.
Identification of the Potential Biomarkers in Barrett’S Esophagus Derived Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yi Nan , He Juan , Xie Xike , Liang Liexin , Zuo Guowen , Xiong Mingyue , Liang Yunxiao , Yi Tingzhuang
Published: December 2021

BackgroundClinically, almost 50% of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) originates from the progression of Barrett’s esophagus (BE). EAC is often diagnosed at late stages and is related to dismal prognosis. However, there are still no effective strategies for stratification and therapy in BE derived EAC (BE-EAC).MethodsTwo public datasets (GSE26886 and GSE37200) are analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BE and EAC. A series of bioinformatics analyses are performed to explore potential biomarkers associated with BE-EAC.Results27 up- and 104 down-regulated genes are identified between GSE26886 and GSE37200. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicate that the DEGs are highly involved in tumorigenesis. Subsequently, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) is performed to explore the potential genes related to BE-EAC, which are further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. 5 up-regulated genes (MYO1A, ACE2, COL1A1, LGALS4, and ADRA2A) and 3 down-regulated genes (AADAC, RAB27A, and P2RY14) were found in BE-EAC. Among them, the expression level of AADAC, ACE2 and ADRA2A show a significant correlation with patients’ survival probability .Conclusion MYO1A, ACE2, COL1A1, LGALS4, ADRA2A, AADAC, RAB27A, and P2RY14 are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in BE-EAC.
Optical Sensor Using Space-Domain Active Fiber Cavity Ringdown Technique
Authors: Chen Wenjia , Ou Yiwen , Cheng Chunfu , Zhu Yuanchang , Xiao Wen , Lv Hui
Published: December 2021

A novel active fiber cavity ringdown (FCRD) technique using frequency-shifted interferometry (FSI) is proposed for the first time. Using this scheme, external parameters can be monitored in the space domain by measuring the ringdown distance instead of ringdown time. A bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier (Bi-EDFA) is employed to compensate the inherent cavity loss for achieving higher sensitivity. And two band-pass filters are used to reduce the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of the Bi-EDFA. Compared with the well-known time-domain active FCRD scheme, our proposed method enables us to avoid using pulsed laser needed in time-domain active FCRD, it uses continuous-wave laser to inject into the fiber cavity and stabilize the optical power in the fiber cavity, which can suppress gain fluctuations of the EDFA and thus improve the detecting precision. Moreover, this novel method enables us to use differential detection method for further reducing the ASE noise, and thus eliminating the baseline drift of ringdown signal. A magnetic field sensor was developed as a proof-of-concept demonstration. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor with a sensitivity of 0.01537 (1/km·Gs) was achieved. This is the highest magnetic field sensitivity compared to the time-domain active FLRD method. Due to the reduced ASE noise, the stability of the proposed sensing system was also greatly improved.
Influence of Myocardial Bridge On Atherosclerotic Plaque Distribution and Characteristics Evaluated By Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Saito Kan , Kitahara Hideki , Mastuoka Takaaki , Mori Naoto , Tateishi Kazuya , Fujimoto Yoshihide , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: December 2021

Purpose

This study aims to clarify whether myocardial bridge (MB) could influence atherosclerotic plaque characteristics assessed by using near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) imaging.
Methods

One hundred and sixteen patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using NIRS-IVUS imaging were included. MB was defined as an echo-lucent band surrounding left anterior descending artery (LAD). In MB patients, LAD was divided into 3 segments: proximal, MB, and distal segments. In non-MB patients, corresponding 3 segments were defined based on the average length of the above segments. Segmental maximum plaque burden and lipid content derived from NIRS-IVUS imaging in the section of maximum plaque burden were evaluated in each segment. Lipid content of atherosclerotic plaque was evaluated as lipid core burden index (LCBI) and maxLCBI4mm. LCBI is the fraction of pixels indicating lipid within a region multiplied by 1000, and the maximum LCBI in any 4-mm region was defined as maxLCBI4mm.
Results

MB was identified in 42 patients. MB was not associated with maximum plaque burden in proximal segment. LCBI and maxLCBI4mm were significantly lower in patients with MB than those without in proximal segment. Multivariable analysis demonstrated both MB and maximum plaque burden in proximal segment to be independent predictors of LCBI in proximal segment.
Conclusion

Lipid content of atherosclerotic plaque assessed by NIRS-IVUS imaging was significantly smaller in patients with MB than those without. MB could be considered as a predictor of lipid content of atherosclerotic plaque when assessed by NIRS-IVUS imaging.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against delta variant (B.1.617.2): A meta-analysis
Authors: Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Ali Mohammad Afshar , Kundu Satyajit , Rahman Md Ashfikur , Kamara Joseph Kihika , Renzaho Andre M.N.
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThe highly transmissible COVID-19 delta variant (DV) has contributed to the surge in cases and has now been exacerbated the worldwide public health crisis. Several COVID-19 vaccines play a significant role in a high degree of protection against DV. The primary purpose of this meta-analysis is to estimate the pooled effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against DV in terms of risk ratio (RR) among fully vaccinated, compared to unvaccinated populations.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis of original studies focused on COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against B.1.617.2 clinical perspective among fully COVID-19 vaccinated populations, compared to placebo (unvaccinated populations), published before September 30, 2021. Eleven studies containing data of 17.2 million participants were identified and included in our study. Pooled estimates of COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness (i.e., risk ratio, RR) against delta variant with 95% confidence intervals were assessed using random-effect models. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's regression test and funnel plot to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity and identify any differences in study design.ResultsA total population of 17.2 million (17,200,341 peoples) were screened for the COVID-19 vaccines' effectiveness against delta variant. We found 61.13% of study population were fully vaccinated with 2-dose of COVID-19 vaccines. Weighted pooled incidence of COVID-19 infection was more than double (20.07%) among unvaccinated populations, compared to the fully vaccinated population (8.16%). Overall, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine against DV was 85% (RR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.07-0.31). The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines varied slidably by study designs, 87% (RR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06-0.30) and 84% (RR = 0.16, 95% CI:0.02, 1.64) for cohort and case-control studies, respectively. ConclusionEffectiveness COVID-19 vaccines were noted to offer higher protection against delta variant among populations who received two vaccine doses compared with unvaccinated populations. This finding would help efforts to maximise vaccine coverage (i.e., at least 60 to 70% of the population) with two doses among vulnerable populations to have herd immunity to breat the chain of transmission and gain greater overall population protection more rapidly.
Design of Forage Hedge Tube Filament for Ferm Growth
Authors: Ubani Solomon
Published: December 2021

Ferms are reproductive plants capable of budding on stems. Owing to the delicate plant structure are not prominent in windy regions. Forages are a type of vertically place hedges. These go around the stem structure. Scanning microscopy was used to reveal the fibron structure. To locate and design regions of the stem for support of the plant. The findings yielded a design of the forage hedges. Hences increase the growth span of the plant. The height of the forage had the most effect. The mesh size had a change on the Ferm growth and stability of the plant.
MESSENGER observations of planetary ion enhancements at Mercury’s northern magnetospheric cusp during Flux Transfer Event Showers
Authors: Sun Weijie , Slavin James , Milillo Anna , Dewey Ryan , Orsini Stefano , Jia Xianzhe , RAINES JIM , Livi Stefano , Jasinsk Jamie , Fu Suiyan , Zhao Jiutong , Zong Qiugang , Saito Yoshifumi , Li Changkun
Published: December 2021

At Mercury, several processes can release ions and neutrals out of the planet’s surface. Here we present enhancements of dayside planetary ions in the solar wind entry layer during flux transfer event (FTE) “showers” near Mercury’s northern magnetospheric cusp. In this entry layer, solar wind ions are accelerated and move downward (i.e. planetward) toward the cusps, which sputter upward-moving planetary ions within 1 minute. The precipitation rate is enhanced by an order of magnitude during FTE showers and the neutral density of the exosphere can vary by >10% due to this FTE-driven sputtering. These in situ observations of enhanced planetary ions in the entry layer likely correspond to an escape channel of Mercury’s planetary ions, and the large-scale variations of the exosphere observed on minute-timescales by ground-based telescopes. Comprehensive, future multi-point measurements made by BepiColombo will greatly enhance our understanding of the processes contributing to Mercury’s dynamic exosphere and magnetosphere.
Tuberculosis Prevalence Correlation to COVID-19 Mortality in Malaria Free Countries
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: December 2021

Background: Both malaria and latent tuberculosis ( LTB) are possible factors related to decreased COVID-19 mortality. The malaria endemicity variable is a possible confounder when conducting a study on the correlation of LTB prevalence to COVID-19 mortality. Studies regarding LTB prevalence" according to different studies" did not adjust malaria endemicity as a possible confounder. Many malaria-endemic countries are high TB prevalent. Malaria-free countries could be: high, moderate, or low in TB prevalence. The main aim of this study is to look for the influence of TB prevalence on COVID-19 mortality. TB prevalence reflects LTB prevalence in the absence of malaria endemicity as a possible confounding factor in TB studies. Material and methods: The total chosen countries were 69 non-malaria endemic countries. Countries were classified according to TB prevalence groups into low, moderate, and high prevalent groups. Covid-19 deaths/Million(M) inhabitants were taken as reported on September 2, 2020. "Kendall's-τ Correlation Coefficient", "Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test were used in statistical analyses.Results: We found inverse relationships between TB prevalence and COVID-19 deaths/ (M) inhabitants and a highly positive significant correlation coefficient was reported (0.008) in Kendall's-τ correlation coefficient test. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant relationship within studied groups. Furthermore, the low TB prevalent group had significant reverse associations with both high and moderate TB prevalent groups in the Mann-Whitney test.Conclusion: In the absence of possible malaria confounding, TB prevalence in malaria-free countries is inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a highly significant association.
Emergence of Protests During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantitative Models To Explore The Contributions of Societal Conditions
Authors: Zwet Koen van der , Engers Tom van , de Barros Ana Martins Botto , Sloot Peter
Published: December 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a resurgence of protests. Various societal conditions of social systems,
such as economic stability, demographic ageing, and political elites, are often associated to the emergence of civil resistance movements. Several qualitative and quantitative models have been developed to analyse the relationship between societal conditions and the emergence of protests. The existing models use the underlying assumptions that these conditions operate in similar time-scales. However, the analysis of social systems also shows the importance of considering explicitly the inherent time-scales particularly slow-fast dynamics. The sudden and dramatic disruptive force of the pandemic has yield fine-grained data sets that can be used to better grasp the different dynamics of this social phenom. This paper proposes an integrated approach to explore the relationship between societal conditions and the emergence of protests in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, a literature based causal-loop-diagram is constructed to conceptualise the emergence of civil resistance as a result of intertwined dynamics. Based on the derived factors in the literature study, a data set is constructed to enable this analysis. Furthermore, by means of statistical and computational modelling we conduct a quantitative analysis in which we compare the emergence of protests for 27 countries during the pandemic. Also based on the factors found in literature we have constructed a system dynamics model that explicitly models the development of societal strains and social mobilisation in order
to provide a better quantitative explanation of the emergence of protests. We found that while fast-changing factors are better estimators for ‘when’ civil resistance emerges, slow-changing factors are better estimators of ‘how’ civil resistance manifests itself in terms of the relative intensity of the protests in specific countries.
scEMC10, a novel circulating inhibitor of adipocyte thermogenesis, is upregulated in human obesity and its neutralizing antibody prevents diet-induced obesity
Authors: Wang Xuanchun , Qiang Guifen , LI YANLIANG , Wang Kaihua , Dai Jiarong , McCann Maximilian , Gil Victoria , Yu Yifei , Li Shengxian , Yang Zhihong , XU Shanshan , Cordoba-Chacon Jose , De Jesus Dario F , Sun Bei , Chen Kuangyang , Liu Xiaoxia , Miao Qing , Zhou Linuo , Hu Renming , Ding Qiang , Kulkarni Rohit , Gao Daming , Blüher Matthias , Liew Chong Wee
Published: December 2021

Secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10 (scEMC10) is a poorly characterised secreted protein of largely unknown physiological function. Here we demonstrate that scEMC10 is upregulated in humans with obesity and is positively associated with insulin resistance. Consistent with a causal role for scEMC10 in obesity, Emc10-/- mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity due to an increase in energy expenditure. Furthermore, neutralization of circulating scEMC10 using a monoclonal antibody reduces body weight and enhances insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that scEMC10 binds to the catalytic subunit of PKA and inhibits its stimulatory action on CREB while ablation of EMC10 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes via activation of the PKA signalling pathway and its downstream targets. Taken together, our data identify scEMC10 as a novel circulating inhibitor of thermogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its cardiometabolic complications.
Development and evaluation of a package to improve hypertension control in Nigeria [DEPIHCON]: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ajayi IkeOluwapo Oyeneye , Oyewole Oyediran Emmanuel , Ogah Okechukwu S , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Salawu Mobolaji Modinat , Bamgboye Eniola Adetola , Obembe Taiwo Akinyode , Olawuwo Morenikeji , Sani Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Background: Nigeria’s healthcare system capacity to stem the increasing trend in hypertension is limited in coverage, scope and manpower. Use of trained community-based care providers demonstrated to be an effective complement in improving access to, and supporting healthcare delivery has not been adequately examined for hypertension care in Nigeria. This study is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of using trained Community-based Oriented Resource Persons (CORPs) to improve hypertension control in Nigeria. Methods: An intervention study will be conducted in three states using mixed method design. First, is a baseline survey using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire to collect information on demographics, clinical data, knowledge, occurrence and risk factors of hypertension among 1,704 adults ≥18 years. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII) will be conducted to explore community’s experience of hypertension, challenges with hypertension management, and support required to improve control in 10 selected communities in each state. The second is a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate effect of a package on reduction of blood pressure (BP) and prevention of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors among 200 hypertensive patients to be followed up in intervention and control arms over a six-month period in each state. The package will include trained CORPs conducting community-based screening of BP and referral, diagnosis confirmation and initial treatment in the health facility, followed by monthly home-based follow-up care and provision of health education on hypertension control and healthy lifestyle enhanced by phone voice message reminders. In the control arm, the usual care (diagnosis, treatment and follow up care in hospital of patient’s choice) will continue. Third, an end-line survey will be conducted in both intervention and control communities to evaluate changes in mean BP, control, knowledge, and proportion of other CVD risk factors. In addition, FGD and KII will be used to assess participants’ perceived quality and acceptability of the interventions as delivered by CORPs.Discussion: This research is expected to create awareness, improve knowledge, perception, behaviours, attitude and practices that will reduce hypertension in Nigeria. Advocacy for buy-in and scale up of using CORPs in hypertension care by the government is key if found to be effective. Trial registration: PACTR Registry- PACTR202107530985857. Registered on 26 July 2021Url – https://pactr.samrc.ac.za
Substantiation of the composition of a semi-solid dosage form with a probiotic component for use in dermatology
Authors: Soloviova Alina , Kukhtenko Halyna , Kaliuzhnaia Olha
Published: December 2021

One of the important issues in the pharmaceutical development of a semisolid preparation for dermal use is the scientific and experimental justification for choosing the base-carrier of active substances.

The aim of this study was to experimentally substantiate the choice of rational combination of excipients in the development of a semisolid dosage form with a probiotic component for use in dermatology.

Materials and methods. Hydrophilic gelling agents were used as excipients in the study: Sepiplus 400, Aristoflex AVC, Carbopol 934, hydroxyethylcellulose HEC, sodium alginate. Physical and chemical, pharmaco-technological and microbiological methods were used to select the optimal basis. Colloidal stability was determined using a laboratory centrifuge at a speed of 6000 rpm for 5 min, an electronic thermometer and a water bath laboratory. Thermostability was determined in the thermostat at (40±2) °C for 24 hours. Investigation of the rheological properties of the samples was performed using a Rheolab QC (Anton Paar, Austria) rheoviscometer using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27/SS. The kinetics of water absorption of the samples were studied by dialysis through a semipermeable Cuprophan membrane, Type 150 pm at a temperature of (34±2) °C. The number of viable lactobacilli cells was determined by surface seeding on Petri dishes with dense MRS medium.

Research results. The results of the study of the number of viable lactobacilli cells showed that the lowest number of viable cells was in sample based on HEC. Tests for thermostability and colloidal stability showed that for sample No. 5 based on sodium alginate, stratification was observed in the experiment, which indicates its instability. These samples were excluded. Samples on Sepiplus 400 and Aristoflex AVC on a set of rheological features have advantages both consumer and technological; and sample on t Aristoflex AVC has the best indicators of osmotic activity and the viability of cells in the dynamics for this study.

Conclusions. As a result of physical and chemical (organoleptic, colloidal and thermostability), pharmaco-technological (osmotic and structural and mechanical properties) and microbiological studies (number of viable lactobacilli cells) studies it was found that further work should be carried out with a sample based on gelling agent Aristoflex AVC, which has the most optimal performance in this development for a semisolid dosage form with a probiotic component for use in dermatology
Influence of different options of intra-varietal pollination on seed productivity and economic values of sweet pepper
Authors: Pylypenko Luba , Krutko Roman , Shabetya Oksana
Published: December 2021

The use of intra-varietal crossing is an important element to increase seed yield and improve a variety. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of different options of intra-varietal pollination of sweet pepper on seed productivity and other quantitative traits.

It has been established, that re-pollination of sweet pepper within the variety in relation to self-pollination causes a reduction in the offspring of the period before fruit ripening by 3–7 days. For all options of pollination, there was also a significant increase in plant height by 7–8 cm, fruit weight by 7–16 g, the number of fruits on a plant by 2–6 units.

Different methods of re-pollination of plants significantly affected fruit productivity, increasing it by 62–106 %, increased seed yield from one fruit by 28 %. Seed productivity of sweet pepper plants increased by 78–163 % when re-pollination was used.

Options of using the pollen of different flowers (from 2–5 other plants) showed the greatest effect. This technique is one way to increase the yield of sweet pepper seeds
Review on: uses of cereals in traditional foods of Nepal and their preparation process
Authors: Dangal Anish , Timsina Prekshya , Dahal Sangam
Published: December 2021

The purpose of research was to make people aware about traditional foods of Nepal and use of cereals in traditional foods.

Nepal, country is home for people of many races, ethnicity and religion. This country is rich in natural beauty and traditional beliefs and practices. In Nepal, the primary occupation of many people is agriculture. Cereals like finger millet, buckwheat etc. are among the underutilized crops in this country. Nepal is rich in traditional and indigenous foods because of the richness in ethnic diversity. During the research we came to know that traditional food is attached to emotional and cultural level for the old generational residents of this country, but this trend seems to be decreasing in today’s generation due to Western culture influence and modernization. During preparation the process followed was still same as followed decades ago. The advancement in food technologies can be followed by the advancement in traditional foods for their own benefits. We should protect and promote our traditional foods, as it is deeply rooted with our cultural aspects; which results in preservation of culture and traditions. This article is about the use of cereals in traditional food of Nepal and their preparation process
Contributions to the study of nonholonomic Riemannian manifolds
Authors:   , Barrett Dennis Ian
Published: December 2021

In this thesis we consider nonholonomic Riemannian manifolds, and in particular, left- invariant nonholonomic Riemannian structures on Lie groups. These structures are closely related to mechanical systems with (positive definite) quadratic Lagrangians and nonholo- nomic constraints linear in velocities. In the first chapter, we review basic concepts of non- holonomic Riemannian geometry, including the left-invariant structures. We also examine the class of left-invariant structures with so-called Cartan-Schouten connections. The second chapter investigates the curvature of nonholonomic Riemannian manifolds and the Schouten and Wagner curvature tensors. The Schouten tensor is canonically associated to every non- holonomic Riemannian structure (in particular, we use it to define isometric invariants for structures on three-dimensional manifolds). By contrast, the Wagner tensor is not generally intrinsic, but can be used to characterise flat structures (i.e., those whose associated parallel transport is path-independent). The third chapter considers equivalence of nonholonomic Rie- mannian manifolds, particularly up to nonholonomic isometry. We also introduce the notion of a nonholonomic Riemannian submanifold, and investigate the conditions under which such a submanifold inherits its geometry from the enveloping space. The latter problem involves the concept of a geodesically invariant distribution, and we show it is also related to the curvature. In the last chapter we specialise to three-dimensional nonholonomic Riemannian manifolds. We consider the equivalence of such structures up to nonholonomic isometry and rescaling, and classify the left-invariant structures on the (three-dimensional) simply connected Lie groups. We also characterise the flat structures in three dimensions, and then classify the flat structures on the simply connected Lie groups. Lastly, we consider three typical examples of (left-invariant) nonholonomic Riemannian structures on three-dimensional Lie groups, two of which arise from problems in classical mechanics (viz., the Chaplygin problem and the Suslov problem).
A Case of Spontaneous Cervical Hematoma caused by Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Jeon Gyeong Hwa , Oh Hyeon Seok , Byeon Hyung Kwon
Published: December 2021

Spontaneous cervical hematomas could lead to life-threatening complications, and aneurysms, retopharyngeal abscesses, parathyroid adenomas, laryngeal cysts, and neurogenic tumors should be distinguished as possible underlying causes. Symptoms accompanying spontaneous cervical hematoma include cervical swelling, ecchymosis, dysphagia, dyspnea and hoarseness. We recently experienced a case of spontaneous cervical hematoma in a 52-year-old woman, who initially presented with cervical swelling after severe coughing two days ago. Resultingly parathyroid adenoma was finally confirmed after mass excision. Therefore, we present this unique case with a review of the literature.
A Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis involving the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Seo Yoon Soo , Lee Hwan Ho
Published: December 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is commonly characterized by abnormal function and differentiation or proliferation of monocytes. In LCH, granulomatous lesions, including langerine-positive histocytes and inflammatory infiltrates, can occur to all tissues, particularly well in the bones, skin, lungs, and pituitary gland. In case of external auditory canal LCH, conductive hearing loss may occur, and the most common symptom is otorrhea. Here we present a case that 49-year-old male with external auditory canal mass. Since no invasive findings were seen in radiologic study, endoscopic transcanal excision was performed and LCH was proven by pathologic report. We present this case of external auditory canal LCH with the review of literature.
A Case of Myxoid Liposarcoma of Neck
Authors: Lee Kyuin , Kie Jeong Hae , Shin Hyang-Ae , Kim Ji-Hoon
Published: December 2021

Liposarcoma is a very rare malignant tumor affecting the head and neck area. Since it is an invasive and life-threatening disease, active treatments is necessary. However, differential it from lipoma, its corresponding benign counterpart, may be difficult. Herein, we report a rare case of posterior neck myxoid liposarcoma in a 72-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed with lipoma, including a literature review of differential diagnosis between lipoma and liposarcoma.
Bilateral Occipital Neuralgia in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Ji-Young , Jeon Sungmi , Kim Sang Wha
Published: December 2021

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) represent an uncommon variant (30%) of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), in which neurofibromas arise from multiple nerves as bulging and deforming masses involving connective tissue and skin folds. We report the case of a 17-year-old man with known NF-1 presenting with bilateral occipital neuralgia that began in his late adolescence. His chief complaint was radiating pain in the occiput induced by protective helmet wear when riding alpine skiing. Craniofacial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of fusiform masses arising from the bilateral greater occipital nerves. Histopathological examination of the biopsy samples showed PNFs. After surgical treatment, the patient's symptoms completely improved. Unlike cutaneous neurofibromas, PNFs have different clinical characteristics and have the risk of malignant mutations. Correct diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment are necessary for PNFs.