bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the indications of non-COVID-19 obstetric and gynecological admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) and its overall consequences
Authors: Baltali Sevim , Firat Aysun
Published: November 2023

Since COVID-19 outbreak caused a substantial reduction in intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity, a significant change in triaging ICU admissions has become necessary for obstetric and gynecologic (OG) patients, as well. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the patients admitted to ICU for non-COVID-19 OG pathologies to understand the probable effects of the pandemic on demographics, admission rates and indications, complications, and the overall outcome. Medical records of patients who were admitted to ICU for OG diseases between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed. This four-year time was divided into two equal periods; Group I (March 2018 to March 2020, before the pandemic starts) and Group II (March 2020 to March 2022, during pandemic). Demographics, indications for admissions to ICU, length of stay, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores and the factors contributing to their morbidity and mortality were recorded. Chi-square Kolmogorov-Smirno and Shapiro–Wilk tests were used to compare the variables. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 511 patients were in Group I (61.94%) and 314 in Group II (38.06%). Between 2020 and 2022, our ICU admitted 38.56% fewer OG inpatients, compared with the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.05). While number of patients with gynecological pathologies increased (50 vs 57%), obstetric patients’ admission to ICU decreased (49 vs 42%). In gynecologic patients, postoperative complications and sepsis showed a significant rise (57 vs 69% and 7 vs 12%, p < 0.05), and most were after oncological operations (81%). There was a significant rise in numbers of pregnancy-induced hypertension and placental pathologies (29 vs 36% and 41 vs 58%, p < 0.05). Outcome of obstetric patients in ICU was good (99% survival rate). Mortality was higher in gynecologic patients (4 vs 9%, p < 0.05), correlated with the increased APACHE-II score (8 vs 10, p < 0.05). Older age and oncologic operations were the primary factors increasing mortality. Length of stay in ICU prolonged in these patients, as well (1 vs 3 days, p < 0.05). Selection of priority patients by gynecologists and intensive care specialists in cooperation, and meticulous implementation of the rule of only accepting patients with strict indications may explain the change in OG admissions during the outbreak. These findings will question the accuracy of wider indications for ICU admissions in pre-pandemic period, and help in planning the policy for future post-pandemic days.
Antinociceptive effect of intermittent fasting via the orexin pathway on formalin-induced acute pain in mice
Authors: Shin Hyunjin , Kim Jaehyuk , Choi Sheu-Ran , Kang Dong-Wook , Moon Ji-Young , Roh Dae-Hyun , Bae Miok , Hwang Jungmo , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: November 2023

It has been suggested that stress responses induced by fasting have analgesic effects on nociception by elevating the levels of stress-related hormones, while there is limited understanding of pain control mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether acute or intermittent fasting alleviates formalin-induced pain in mice and whether spinal orexin A (OXA) plays a role in this process. 6, 12, or 24 h acute fasting (AF) and 12 or 24 h intermittent fasting (IF) decreased the second phase of pain after intraplantar formalin administration. There was no difference in walking time in the rota-rod test and distance traveld in the open field test in all groups. Plasma corticosterone level and immobility time in the forced swim test were increased after 12 h AF, but not after 12 h IF. 12 h AF and IF increased not only the activation of OXA neurons in the lateral hypothalamus but also the expression of OXA in the lateral hypothalamus and spinal cord. Blockade of spinal orexin 1 receptor with SB334867 restored formalin-induced pain and spinal c-Fos immunoreactivity that were decreased after 12 h IF. These results suggest that 12 h IF produces antinociceptive effects on formalin-induced pain not by corticosterone elevation but by OXA-mediated pathway.
A multiplexed RT-PCR assay for nanopore whole genome sequencing of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)
Authors: Delamare-Deboutteville Jérôme , Meemetta Watcharachai , Pimsannil Khaettareeya , Sangpo Pattiya , Gan Han Ming , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Dong Ha Thanh , Senapin Saengchan
Published: November 2023

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen that affects tilapia, a globally significant and affordable source of fish protein. To prevent the introduction and spread of TiLV and its impact, there is an urgent need for increased surveillance, improved biosecurity measures, and continuous development of effective diagnostic and rapid sequencing methods. In this study, we have developed a multiplexed RT-PCR assay that can amplify all ten complete genomic segments of TiLV from various sources of isolation. The amplicons generated using this approach were immediately subjected to real-time sequencing on the Nanopore system. By using this approach, we have recovered and assembled 10 TiLV genomes from total RNA extracted from naturally TiLV-infected tilapia fish, concentrated tilapia rearing water, and cell culture. Our phylogenetic analysis, consisting of more than 36 TiLV genomes from both newly sequenced and publicly available TiLV genomes, provides new insights into the high genetic diversity of TiLV. This work is an essential steppingstone towards integrating rapid and real-time Nanopore-based amplicon sequencing into routine genomic surveillance of TiLV, as well as future vaccine development.
Studying highly nonlinear oscillators using the non-perturbative methodology
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer T. S. , Galal A. A.
Published: November 2023

Due to the growing concentration in the field of the nonlinear oscillators (NOSs), the present study aims to use the general He's frequency formula (HFF) to examine the analytical representations for particular kinds of strong NOSs. Three real-world examples are demonstrated by a variety of engineering and scientific disciplines. The new approach is evidently simple and requires less computation than the other perturbation techniques used in this field. The new methodology that is termed as the non-perturbative methodology (NPM) refers to this innovatory strategy, which merely transforms the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) into a linear one. The method yields a new frequency that is equivalent to the linear ODE as well as a new damping term that may be produced. A thorough explanation of the NPM is offered for the reader's convenience. A numerical comparison utilizing the Mathematical Software (MS) is used to verify the theoretical results. The precise numeric and theoretical solutions exhibited excellent consistency. As is commonly recognized, when the restoration forces are in effect, all traditional perturbation procedures employ Taylor expansion to expand these forces and then reduce the complexity of the specified problem. This susceptibility no longer exists in the presence of the non-perturbative solution (NPS). Additionally, with the NPM, which was not achievable with older conventional approaches, one can scrutinize examining the problem's stability. The NPS is therefore a more reliable source when examining approximations of solutions for severe NOSs. In fact, the above two reasons create the novelty of the present approach. The NPS is also readily transferable for additional nonlinear issues, making it a useful tool in the fields of applied science and engineering, especially in the topic of the dynamical systems.
Dysregulations in hemostasis, metabolism, immune response, and angiogenesis in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome with and without postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a multi-omic profiling study
Authors: Mahdi Ali , Zhao Allan , Fredengren Emelie , Fedorowski Artur , Braunschweig Frieder , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Runold Michael , Bruchfeld Judith , Nickander Jannike , Deng Qiaolin , Checa Antonio , Desta Liyew , Pernow John , Ståhlberg Marcus
Published: November 2023

Post-acute COVID-19 (PACS) are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, especially postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Patients with PACS, both in the absence or presence of POTS, exhibit a wide range of persisting symptoms long after the acute infection. Some of these symptoms may stem from alterations in cardiovascular homeostasis, but the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to provide a broad molecular characterization of patients with PACS with (PACS + POTS) and without (PACS-POTS) POTS compared to healthy subjects, including a broad proteomic characterization with a focus on plasma cardiometabolic proteins, quantification of cytokines/chemokines and determination of plasma sphingolipid levels. Twenty-one healthy subjects without a prior COVID-19 infection (mean age 43 years, 95% females), 20 non-hospitalized patients with PACS + POTS (mean age 39 years, 95% females) and 22 non-hospitalized patients with PACS-POTS (mean age 44 years, 100% females) were studied. PACS patients were non-hospitalized and recruited ≈18 months after the acute infection. Cardiometabolic proteomic analyses revealed a dysregulation of ≈200 out of 700 analyzed proteins in both PACS groups vs. healthy subjects with the majority (> 90%) being upregulated. There was a large overlap (> 90%) with no major differences between the PACS groups. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed alterations in hemostasis/coagulation, metabolism, immune responses, and angiogenesis in PACS vs. healthy controls. Furthermore, 11 out of 33 cytokines/chemokines were significantly upregulated both in PACS + POTS and PACS-POTS vs. healthy controls and none of the cytokines were downregulated. There were no differences in between the PACS groups in the cytokine levels. Lastly, 16 and 19 out of 88 sphingolipids were significantly dysregulated in PACS + POTS and PACS-POTS, respectively, compared to controls with no differences between the groups. Collectively, these observations suggest a clear and distinct dysregulation in the proteome, cytokines/chemokines, and sphingolipid levels in PACS patients compared to healthy subjects without any clear signature associated with POTS. This enhances our understanding and might pave the way for future experimental and clinical investigations to elucidate and/or target resolution of inflammation and micro-clots and restore the hemostasis and immunity in PACS.
Myopia & painful muscle form of temporomandibular disorders: connections between vision, masticatory and cervical muscles activity and sensitivity and sleep quality
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz , Matysik-Woźniak Anna , Baszczowski Michał , Rapa Maria , Ginszt Michał , Pająk Beata , Szkutnik Jacek , Rejdak Robert , Gawda Piotr
Published: November 2023

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of painful muscle form of temporomandibular disorders and myopia on the connections between the visual organ, the bioelectrical activity and sensitivity of the masticatory and cervical muscles, and sleep quality. Subjects were divided into 4 groups (Myopia & TMDs, Myopia (Without TMDs), Emmetropic & TMDs and Emmetropic (Without TMDs)). The study was conducted in the following order of assessment: examination for temporomandibular disorders, assessment of the muscle activity by electromyograph, pressure pain thresholds examination, ophthalmic examination and completion of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. It was observed that the Myopia & TMDs group had higher muscle tenderness, higher resting and lower functional muscle bioelectrical activity. The visual organ is clinical related to the masticatory and cervical muscles. TMDs and myopia alter masticatory and cervical muscle activity. The thickness of the choroid in people with myopia is related to muscle tenderness. TMDs and myopia impair sleep quality. It is recommended to determine the number of people with refractive error and its magnitude in the sEMG study in order to be able to replicate the research methodology.
Hypobaric hypoxia induces iron mobilization from liver and spleen and increases serum iron via activation of ghrelin/GHSR1a/MAPK signalling pathway in mice
Authors: Yang Wanping , Li Jiayan , Hu Jianan , Yuan Xiaoyu , Ding Jie , Jiang Hui , Wang Guohua , Luo Qianqian
Published: November 2023

Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure affects appetite and serum iron levels in both humans and animals. Thus, whether appetite-regulating ghrelin is involved in iron regulation under HH needs to be elucidated. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were placed in a hypobaric chamber to establish a 6000-m-high altitude exposure animal model. In vitro, mouse primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) to examine the effects of ghrelin on iron-regulating proteins. HH obviously reduced the body weight of mice and significantly increased the levels of erythrocytes, and also significantly enhanced the levels of serum iron and plasma ghrelin. However, iron content in the liver and spleen was decreased, while ferroportin (Fpn) expression was increased. Moreover, ghrelin significantly induced Fpn and pERK expression in both hepatocytes and macrophages under hypoxia, which were reversed by pretreatment with growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) antagonist or pERK inhibitor. Our findings indicated that HH leads to decreased appetite and insufficient dietary intake, which may negatively regulate the levels of ghrelin. Furthermore, GHSR1a/ERK signalling pathway is further activated to upregulate the expression of Fpn, and then promoting iron mobilization both in the liver/hepatocytes and spleen/macrophages in mice. Thus, these results revealed that ghrelin may be a potential iron regulatory hormone, and raised the possibility of ghrelin as a promising therapeutic target against iron disorders under HH.
Characterization of a fluorescence imaging probe that exploits metabolic dependency of ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsuchimochi Saki , Wada-Hiraike Osamu , Urano Yasuteru , Kukita Asako , Yamaguchi Kohei , Honjo Harunori , Taguchi Ayumi , Tanikawa Michihiro , Sone Kenbun , Mori-Uchino Mayuyo , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Oda Katsutoshi , Osuga Yutaka
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study is to clarify the metabolic dependence of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) by comparing normal tissues and to examine the applicability of fluorescence imaging probe to exploit these metabolic differences. Enhanced glutathione synthesis was supported by the increased uptake of related metabolites and elevated expression levels of genes. Accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid peroxide, induction of cell death by inhibition of the glutathione synthesis pathway indicated that ferroptosis was induced. The activation of γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG), a fluorescent imaging probe that recognizes γ-glutamyl transferase, which is essential for the synthesis of glutathione, was investigated in fresh-frozen surgical specimens. gGlu-HMRG detected extremely strong fluorescent signals in the tumor lesions of CCC patients, compared to normal ovaries or endometrium. These results revealed that CCC occurs in the stressful and unique environment of free radical-rich endometrioma, and that glutathione metabolism is enhanced as an adaptation to oxidative stress. Furthermore, a modality that exploits these metabolic differences would be useful for distinguishing between CCC and normal tissues.
The burden of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk in Middle East and North African from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Fateh Hawal Lateef , Soleimani Davood , Hamzeh Behrooz , Ghalandari Mojtaba , Moloudpour Behrooz , Darbandi Mitra
Published: November 2023

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the burden of CRC attributable to nutritional risk in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The GBD 2019 methods were used to estimate age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past three decades. We evaluated the 30-year trend in DALYs and mortality rates from nutrition-related risks of CRC, from 1990 to 2019 by sex and age groups in 21 countries in the MENA region. The rate of DALYs/100,000 due to diet-related risks for CRC in 2019 was 79.71 (95% UI: 56.79, 98.44) and 65.16 (95% UI: 45.86, 80.95) in men and women, respectively. The percent changes of DALYs/100,000 in men and women were 8.15% and 2.50%, respectively, between 1990 and 2019. The percent changes in ASMRs in men and women were 8.32% and 3.44%, respectively. The highest DALYs and ASMRs were observed in both sexes in the age group 75–79 years and above. The highest percent changes in DALYs/100,000 and ASMRs were observed between 1990 and 2019 in Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen. DALYs and ASMRs attributed to dietary risk for CRC increased in 21 countries in the MENA region from 1990 to 2019. A modified diet with more fiber, dairy products and less red meat intake is a highly recommended strategy for prevention CRC.
Artificial intelligence-powered spatial analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for prediction of prognosis in resected colon cancer
Authors: Lim Yoojoo , Choi Songji , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Kim Chanyoung , Song Sanghoon , Kim Sukjun , Song Heon , Park Seonwook , Kim Ji-Won , Kim Jin Won , Kim Jee Hyun , Kang Minsu , Kang Sung-Bum , Kim Duck-Woo , Oh Heung-Kwon , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Keun-Wook
Published: November 2023

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been suggested as an important prognostic marker in colorectal cancer, but assessment usually requires additional tissue processing and interpretational efforts. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical significance of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial TIL analysis using only a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide image (WSI) for the prediction of prognosis in stage II–III colon cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy. In this retrospective study, we used Lunit SCOPE IO, an AI-powered H&E WSI analyzer, to assess intratumoral TIL (iTIL) and tumor-related stromal TIL (sTIL) densities from WSIs of 289 patients. The patients with confirmed recurrences had significantly lower sTIL densities (mean sTIL density 630.2/mm2 in cases with confirmed recurrence vs. 1021.3/mm2 in no recurrence, p < 0.001). Additionally, significantly higher recurrence rates were observed in patients having sTIL or iTIL in the lower quartile groups. Risk groups defined as high-risk (both iTIL and sTIL in the lowest quartile groups), low-risk (sTIL higher than the median), or intermediate-risk (not high- or low-risk) were predictive of recurrence and were independently associated with clinical outcomes after adjusting for other clinical factors. AI-powered TIL analysis can provide prognostic information in stage II/III colon cancer in a practical manner.
Omics data integration suggests a potential idiopathic Parkinson’s disease signature
Authors: Zagare Alise , Preciat German , Nickels Sarah. L. , Luo Xi , Monzel Anna S. , Gomez-Giro Gemma , Robertson Graham , Jaeger Christian , Sharif Jafar , Koseki Haruhiko , Diederich Nico J. , Glaab Enrico , Fleming Ronan M. T. , Schwamborn Jens C.
Published: November 2023

The vast majority of Parkinson’s disease cases are idiopathic. Unclear etiology and multifactorial nature complicate the comprehension of disease pathogenesis. Identification of early transcriptomic and metabolic alterations consistent across different idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) patients might reveal the potential basis of increased dopaminergic neuron vulnerability and primary disease mechanisms. In this study, we combine systems biology and data integration approaches to identify differences in transcriptomic and metabolic signatures between IPD patient and healthy individual-derived midbrain neural precursor cells. Characterization of gene expression and metabolic modeling reveal pyruvate, several amino acid and lipid metabolism as the most dysregulated metabolic pathways in IPD neural precursors. Furthermore, we show that IPD neural precursors endure mitochondrial metabolism impairment and a reduced total NAD pool. Accordingly, we show that treatment with NAD precursors increases ATP yield hence demonstrating a potential to rescue early IPD-associated metabolic changes.
Identification of inhibitors targeting the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters
Authors: Diamanti Eleonora , Souza Paulo C. T. , Setyawati Inda , Bousis Spyridon , Monjas Leticia , Swier Lotteke J.Y.M. , Shams Atanaz , Tsarenko Aleksei , Stanek Weronika K. , Jäger Manuel , Marrink Siewert J. , Slotboom Dirk J. , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: November 2023

The energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in the uptake of vitamins in a wide range of bacteria. Inhibition of the activity of these proteins could reduce the viability of pathogens that depend on vitamin uptake. The central role of vitamin transport in the metabolism of bacteria and absence from humans make the ECF transporters an attractive target for inhibition with selective chemical probes. Here, we report on the identification of a promising class of inhibitors of the ECF transporters. We used coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations on Lactobacillus delbrueckii ECF-FolT2 and ECF-PanT to profile the binding mode and mechanism of inhibition of this novel chemotype. The results corroborate the postulated mechanism of transport and pave the way for further drug-discovery efforts.
Chemical communication and its role in sexual selection across Animalia
Authors: Buchinger Tyler J. , Li Weiming
Published: November 2023

Sexual selection has been studied as a major evolutionary driver of animal diversity for roughly 50 years. Much evidence indicates that competition for mates favors elaborate signaling traits. However, this evidence comes primarily from a few taxa, leaving sexual selection as a salient evolutionary force across Animalia largely untested. Here, we reviewed the evidence for sexual selection on communication across all animal phyla, classes, and orders with emphasis on chemoreception, the only sense shared across lifeforms. An exhaustive literature review documented evidence for sexual selection on chemosensory traits in 10 of 34 animal phyla and indications of sexual selection on chemosensory traits in an additional 13 phyla. Potential targets of sexual selection include structures and processes involved in production, delivery, and detection of chemical signals. Our review suggests sexual selection plays a widespread role in the evolution of communication and highlights the need for research that better reflects animal diversity.
Declining nutrient availability and metal pollution in the Red Sea
Authors: Cai Chunzhi , Huertas Antonio Delgado , Agusti Susana
Published: November 2023

Reconstructing sediment accumulation rates reveals historical environmental shifts. We analyzed 15 element concentrations and accumulation rates in two Red Sea sediment cores over 500 years. Post-1870s, the South Red Sea experienced a significant drop in element accumulation rates, with a noticeable decline in nutrients like magnesium (−8.52%), organic carbon (−14.9%), nitrogen (−14.0%), phosphorus (−16.4%), sulfur (−17.2%), and calcium (−17.8%). This suggests a potential reduction in nutrient inflow from the Indian Ocean, possibly due to warming-induced ocean stratification. Conversely, the North Red Sea saw an increase in all element accumulation rates after the 1870s, highlighting a rise in trace elements such as iron (4.56%), cadmium (8.69%), vanadium (12.6%), zinc (13.8%), copper (14.4%), chromium (17.6%), and nickel (19.5%), indicative of increased anthropogenic coastal activities. We introduce the term “Cai-Agusti Marine Crisis Conflux” to encapsulate the escalating thermal stress, nutrient depletion, and elemental pollution in the Red Sea, underscoring potential risks to its ecosystems and global implications.
A red-emitting mitochondria targetable fluorescent probe for detecting viscosity in HeLa, zebrafish, and mice
Authors: Gong Xi , Guo Rui , Li Xiaoya , Yang Yingjie , Lin Weiying
Published: November 2023

We have constructed a novel fluorescent probe GX-VS for detecting viscosity in vitro and in vivo.
Cascade signal amplification using Hg2+-induced oxidation of silver nanoparticles and cation exchange reaction for ICP-MS bioassay
Authors: He Yujing , Hu Jing , Tian Yunfei , Hou Xiandeng
Published: November 2023

Cascade signal amplification strategy involving Hg2+-induced oxidization of Ag NPs and cation exchange reaction between Ag+ and CuS NPs for ICP-MS detection of nucleic acid and protein.
High-throughput large scale microfluidic assembly of iron oxide nanoflowers@PS-b-PAA polymeric micelles as multimodal nanoplatforms for photothermia and magnetic imaging
Authors: Benassai Emilia , Hortelao Ana C. , Aygun Elif , Alpman Asli , Wilhelm Claire , Saritas Emine Ulku , Abou-Hassan Ali
Published: November 2023

A microfluidic strategy for the fast elaboration and scaling up of magnetomicelles as multimodal theranostics for photothermia and magnetic imaging.
Modulation of the assembly fashion among metal–organic frameworks for enantioretentive epoxide activation
Authors: Guo Jun , Xue Xiaomin , Li Fangfang , Zhao Meiting , Xing Youcong , Song Yanmin , Long Chang , Zhao Tingting , Liu Yi , Tang Zhiyong
Published: November 2023

Modulation of the assembly fashion among metal–organic frameworks enabling efficient enantioretentive conversion of epoxide.
Photodynamic toluidine blue-gold nanoconjugates as a novel therapeutic for Staphylococcal biofilms
Authors: Okkeh Mohammad , De Vita Lorenzo , Bruni Giovanna , Doveri Lavinia , Minzioni Paolo , Restivo Elisa , Patrini Maddalena , Pallavicini Piersandro , Visai Livia
Published: November 2023

Schematic illustration of the aPDI effects of PEG-GNSs@TBO against MRSA preformed biofilms, as visualized by SEM and CLSM before and after laser irradiation (schematic illustration created with https://BioRender.com).
TiO2–LiF composite coating for improving NCM622 cathode cycling stability: one-step construction
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhou Jinxia , Yang Huili , Xie Tianzheng , Lan Tu , Ong Suichang , Jiang Heng , Zeng Yibo , Guo Hang , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2023

The cycling performance of nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be improved by TiO2–LiF surface coating.
Catalytic upgrading of volatiles in co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass by Mo-MFI molecular sieves
Authors: Zhang Qiuli , Zhang Shuo , Liu Junli , Li Jingjing , Liu Jiahui , Zhou Jun , Wu Lei
Published: November 2023

Mo-MFI catalysts were introduced in the co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass to achieve the enrichment of high value-added products in tar.
Inserting an “atomic trap” for directional dopant migration in core/multi-shell quantum dots
Authors: Chu Chun , Hofman Elan , Gao Chengpeng , Li Shuya , Lin Hanjie , MacSwain Walker , Franck John M. , Meulenberg Robert W. , Chakraborty Arindam , Zheng Weiwei
Published: November 2023

Directional Mn dopant migration (outward/inward) was achieved by inserting a CdZnS “atomic trap” with a small size mismatch with dopants in core/multi-shell QDs. A larger initial substitutional site allows for active trapping and dopant migration.
Low band gap semiconducting covalent organic framework films with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Küçükkeçeci Hüseyin , Paitandi Rajendra Prasad , Weigelt Vincent , Dippold Veit , Seki Shu , Thomas Arne
Published: November 2023

A contrasting photocatalytic mechanism was observed for semiconducting covalent organic frameworks (COFs). J-type aggregation favors exciton migration in the powder state, while charge transport governs the photocatalytic activity in the films.
Hierarchical Zr-doped Fe2O3 photoanodes decorated with in situ Au nanoparticles via a surfactant-assisted one-step hydrothermal approach for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Anushkkaran Periyasamy , Mahadik Mahadeo A. , Chae Weon-Sik , Lee Hyun Hwi , Choi Sun Hee , Jang Jum Suk
Published: November 2023

The influence of CTAB and metallic Au NPs on the PEC activity of a Zr-doped Fe2O3 photoanode is described. CTAB surfactant assists the in situ adsorption of Au NPs on Zr-FeOOH during hydrothermal synthesis.
A fluorescent hydrogen-bonded organic framework for highly selective sensing of mono-nitrophenol isomers in water
Authors: Lin Yu-Xin , Jiang Chenghao , Wang Yu-Bo , Wang Jia-Xin , Li Bin , Qian Guodong
Published: November 2023

We designed and realized a water-stable and AIE-active HOF (HOF-TPE-CN) with notably enhanced fluorescence emission for achieving highly sensitive and selective sensing of mono-nitrophenols in water.
PTFE nanocoating on Cu nanoparticles through dry processing to enhance electrochemical conversion of CO2 towards multi-carbon products
Authors: Pellessier John , Gong Xiangtao , Li Boyang , Zhang Jiaqi , Gang Yang , Hambleton Kirk , Podder Chinmoy , Gao Zhongjia , Zhou Hongcai , Wang Guofeng , Pan Heng , Li Ying
Published: November 2023

Solvent-free synthesis of porous PTFE thin film coated Cu nanocomposite for selective multi-carbon production from electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Mass production of biodegradable porous foam for simultaneous solar evaporation and thermoelectricity generation
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Gong Zhi , Li Xiaolong , Ren Jiaxin , Gong Jiang , Qu Jinping , Niu Ran
Published: November 2023

We propose a cost-effective approach to construct 3D biodegradable foams by combining melt blending and surface coating, which show high performance in simultaneous solar-vapor conversion and thermoelectricity generation.
Unlocking Logical Fallacies: A Key to Building Critical Thinking Skills in Adolescents
Authors: Nippold Marilyn A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to present an innovative language intervention program for adolescents that attempts to build critical thinking skills by addressing logical fallacies.

Method:

Fourteen logical fallacies that often occur in spoken and written discourse are defined and discussed. These include the
hasty generalization
, the
false dichotomy
,
equivocation
,
circular reasoning
, the
anecdote
, the
appeal to hypocrisy
, the
slippery slope
, the
appeal to ridicule
, the
red herring
, the
bandwagon
, the
false cause
, the
omission of evidence
, the
appeal to authority
, and
ad hominem
. The consequences of passively accepting biased, illogical, and inaccurate statements are highlighted, and ways to address these concerns are explained.

Results:

Given their expertise in spoken and written language development and disorders, speech-language pathologists, collaborating with classroom teachers, are well suited to teach adolescents with developmental language disorder or weak language skills how to unlock—or deconstruct—logical fallacies to reveal their hidden meaning. All of this can be achieved while addressing students' basic competencies in speaking, listening, reading, and writing—skills that are essential for well-informed and self-reliant thinking.

Conclusion:

In addition to helping students manage their own lives more successfully and to communicate more effectively, instruction in critical thinking by unlocking logical fallacies may help to increase levels of social justice in our institutions and daily interactions over time.
KI als Partner von Arzt und Patient in der Herzinsuffizienzversorgung
Authors: Steiner Bianca , Zippel-Schultz Bettina , Helms Thomas Maria
Published: November 2023

Herzinsuffizienz (HI) zählt zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland und
geht mit erheblichen gesellschaftlichen und finanziellen Belastungen einher. Die steigende
Anzahl an HI-Patienten mündet in einem Ungleichgewicht zwischen Bedarf an und zur Verfügung
stehenden Ressourcen. KI hat das Potenzial, sowohl Ärzte in ihrem medizinischen Handeln als
auch Patienten im Umgang mit ihrer Erkrankung zu unterstützen. Sie kann als Partner für Ärzte
und Patienten fungieren, indem sie bei der Entscheidungsfindung unterstützt sowie die
Effizienz und Produktivität der Ärzte steigert. Gleichzeitig erweitert sie das Wissen der
Patienten, stärkt den eigenverantwortlichen Umgang mit der HI und unterstützt
Verhaltensanpassungen. Weiterhin kann der überlegte Einsatz von KI die
Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung stärken. Allerdings zeigt sich auch weiterer Forschungsbedarf, um
Lösungen weiterzuentwickeln, Effektivität und Nutzen in der Gesundheitsversorgung aufzuzeigen
und Akzeptanz zu schaffen.
Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on interdigital electrodes with porous microneedle arrays for physiological signal monitoring
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Wang Minghao , Jin Minyi , Shang Siyan , Ni Chuner , Hu Yili , Sun Xun , Xu Jun , Ji Bowen , Li Le , Cheng Yuhua , Wang Gaofeng
Published: November 2023

Flexible pressure sensors have many potential applications in the monitoring of physiological signals because of their good biocompatibility and wearability. However, their relatively low sensitivity, linearity, and stability have hindered their large-scale commercial application. Herein, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on an interdigital electrode structure with two porous microneedle arrays (MNAs) is proposed. The porous substrate that constitutes the MNA is a mixed product of polydimethylsiloxane and NaHCO3. Due to its porous and interdigital structure, the maximum sensitivity (0.07 kPa−1) of a porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to be seven times higher than that of an imporous MNA pressure sensor, and it was much greater than that of a flat pressure sensor without a porous MNA structure. Finite-element analysis showed that the interdigital MNA structure can greatly increase the strain and improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, the porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to have good stability over 1500 loading cycles as a result of its bilayer parylene-enhanced conductive electrode structure. Most importantly, it was found that the sensor could accurately monitor the motion of a finger, wrist joint, arm, face, abdomen, eye, and Adam’s apple. Furthermore, preliminary semantic recognition was achieved by monitoring the movement of the Adam’s apple. Finally, multiple pressure sensors were integrated into a 3 × 3 array to detect a spatial pressure distribution. Compared to the sensors reported in previous works, the interdigital electrode structure presented in this work improves sensitivity and stability by modifying the electrode layer rather than the dielectric layer.
High-power sub-picosecond filamentation at 1.03
µ
m with high repetition rates between 10 and 100 kHz
Authors: Löscher Robin , Moreno Victor , Adamou Dionysis , Kesim Denizhan K. , Schroeder Malte C. , Clerici Matteo , Wolf Jean-Pierre , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: November 2023

Filamentation has extensively been explored and is well understood at repetition rates <1 kHz due to the typical availability of multi-mJ laser systems at a moderate average power. The advent of high-power Yb-lasers opened new possibilities for filamentation research. However, so far, high average power Yb systems have mostly been explored to increase the driving pulse energy to several hundreds of mJ and not at significantly higher repetition rates. In this paper, we study, for the first time, long filaments at unprecedented high repetition rates of 10, 40, and 100 kHz using a 500-W Yb-doped thin-disk amplifier driver operating with sub-700 fs pulses. We compare the filament length, density hole, and fluorescence at a constant peak power but different repetition rates and find a strong dependence on filament length and density depletion with repetition rate. Our analysis reveals the emergence of a significant stationary density depletion at repetition rates of 40 and 100 kHz. The corresponding reduction in the breakdown threshold by increasing the laser repetition rate observed in our study signifies a promising avenue for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of electric discharge triggering in various scenarios. Using capacitive plasma probe measurements, we address the limitations of fluorescence imaging-based measurements and demonstrate a systematic underestimation of filament length. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between laser repetition rates, filamentation, and heat-driven density depletion effects from high-repetition-rate high-power laser systems and will contribute to guiding future research, making use of filaments at high repetition rates.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Al–Cr–Mo–Ni system
Authors: Peng Jian , Huang Wei , Xu Man , Wang Shulin , Xu Zhigang , Li Wenjun , Wang Junjun , Wang Chuanbin , Franke Peter , Seifert Hans J.
Published: November 2023

The Al–Cr–Mo–Ni system is of technical interest because it is an essential system for the thermodynamic modeling of systems related to the Ni- and NiAl-based superalloys. The knowledge of phase behaviors and thermodynamic properties of this system will be greatly helpful for the development of related alloys. Thermodynamic modeling of the Al–Cr–Mo–Ni system in the previous effort is not satisfactory. In this study, the Cr–Mo–Ni system was re-optimized with more sophisticated binary databases, and a new thermodynamic database of the Al–Cr–Mo–Ni system was established. A satisfactory agreement between calculated results and experimental data was obtained. The thermodynamic database developed in this study is suitable for assisting the design of both Ni- and NiAl-based superalloys.
In vitro silicon supplementation enhanced acclimatisation and growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) via improved antioxidant and nutrient acquisition patterns in saline soil
Authors: Abbasi Raheel Parvez , Rafiq Khadija , Fatima Sijal , Javed Muhammad Tariq , Azeem Muhammad , Akram Muhammad Sohail
Published: November 2023

Salinity affects crop growth by modulating cellular ionic concentrations and generation of reactive oxygen species. Application of silicon (Si) has proved beneficial in ameliorating salinity-triggered plant growth and yield retardations. Leaf roll explants of three sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) genotypes (HSF-240, CPF-246, CPF-250) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with K2SiO3. In vitro regenerated plantlets were acclimatised and grown in natural saline soil. In absence of Si, cv. CPF-246 exhibited better salt tolerance as indicted by maximum chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, rate of photosynthesis and root K+ uptake along with less cellular hydrogen peroxide content. Silicon restricted root Na+ uptake but assisted in K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ accretion in roots and their translocation towards shoots. Cv. HSF-240 and cv. CPF-250 exhibited more increase in photosynthetic pigment content, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate after addition of 25 or 50 mg L−1 Si than control group. Optimum phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activity along with decreased lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content were recorded in all three sugarcane genotypes raised in presence of 25 or 50 mg L−1 Si. These findings signify Si supplementation (50 mg L−1) in tissue culture medium and plant adaptation in saline soil. Further in vitro studies involving Si-mediated gene expression modulations in sugarcane protoplasts shall assist in deciphering cross-talk between Si uptake and cellular responses. The application of Si can further be tested for other plant species to devise strategies for improved crop growth and utilisation of saline areas for crop cultivation.
Peripheral T cell activation, not thymic selection, expands the T follicular helper repertoire in a lupus-prone murine model
Authors: Lee Kyungwoo , Park Juyeon , Tanno Hidetaka , Georgiou George , Diamond Betty , Kim Sun Jung
Published: November 2023

Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by the activation of autoreactive T cells. The T cell repertoire is established in the thymus; it remains uncertain whether the presence of disease-associated autoreactive T cells reflects abnormal T cell selection in the thymus or aberrant T cell activation in the periphery. Here, we describe T cell selection, activation, and T cell repertoire diversity in female mice deficient for B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein (BLIMP)-1 in dendritic cells (DCs) (Prdm1 CKO). These mice exhibit a lupus-like phenotype with an expanded population of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells having a more diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire than wild-type mice and, in turn, develop a lupus-like pathology. To understand the origin of the aberrant Tfh population, we analyzed the TCR repertoire of thymocytes and naive CD4 T cells from Prdm1 CKO mice. We show that early development and selection of T cells in the thymus are not affected. Importantly, however, we observed increased TCR signal strength and increased proliferation of naive T cells cultured in vitro with antigen and BLIMP1-deficient DCs compared to control DCs. Moreover, there was increased diversity in the TCR repertoire in naive CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro with BLIMP1-deficient DCs. Collectively, our data indicate that lowering the threshold for peripheral T cell activation without altering thymic selection and naive T cell TCR repertoire leads to an expanded repertoire of antigen-activated T cells and impairs peripheral T cell tolerance.
Comparison of mixed-mode forced-convection solar dryer with and without stainless wire mesh in solar collector
Authors: Srithanyakorn Siwakorn , Bunchan Sungwan , Krittacom Bundit , Luampon Ratinun
Published: November 2023

A mixed-mode forced-convection solar dryer (MMFCSD) is a device that utilizes both direct and indirect solar energy. The solar collector, which stores thermal energy for indirect solar uses, is an essential component of the dryer. Unfortunately, the thermal efficiency of this device is generally low. In this study, a technique was employed to improve the heat transfer of the solar collector in a MMFCSD. The technique involved adjusting the air flow pattern into a swirling flow to disturb the thermal boundary layer on the absorber plate under forced convection by using stainless wire mesh. The experiment was conducted under actual conditions and bananas were used as the drying sample. The experimental results of the thermal efficiency of the solar collector (ƞsolar) and the drying efficiency (ƞdrying) are presented. The results indicated that the air outlet temperature and ƞsolar of the solar collector with stainless wire mesh were higher than the case without stainless wire mesh, reaching a maximum temperature of 46.22°C and 37.97°C, and average ƞsolar of 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01, respectively. The MMFCSD with stainless wire mesh had a higher ƞdrying than the case without stainless wire mesh, with values of 0.048 ± 0.004 and 0.039 ± 0.003, respectively, resulting in an ~23.07% increase. This was attributed to the air swirling flow through the stainless wire mesh and the heat accumulation in the drying chamber, which led to an increase in the drying chamber temperature from 54.03°C to 63.60°C, an increase in the effective moisture diffusivity from 7.28 × 10–7 to 1.19 × 10–6 m2/s and a decrease in the drying time of 5 h 30 min. However, further research is needed to investigate the quality of the dried samples and their economic value.
Distinct functional patterns in child and adolescent bipolar and unipolar depression during emotional processing
Authors: Wu Yun , Zhong Yuan , Zhang Gui , Wang Chun , Zhang Ning , Chen Qingrong
Published: November 2023

Accumulating evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies supported brain dysfunction during emotional processing in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, child and adolescent BD and MDD could display different activation patterns, which have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate common and distinct activation patterns of pediatric BD (PBD) and MDD (p-MDD) during emotion processing using meta-analytic approaches. Literature search identified 25 studies, contrasting 252 PBD patients, and 253 healthy controls (HCs) as well as 311 p-MDD patients and 263 HCs. A total of nine meta-analyses were conducted pulling PBD and p-MDD experiments together and separately. The results revealed that PBD and p-MDD showed distinct patterns during negative processing. PBD patients exhibited activity changes in bilateral precuneus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus, and right posterior cingulate cortex while p-MDD patients showed functional disruptions in the left rectus, left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, left orbital frontal cortex, left insula, and left putamen. In conclusion, the activity changes in PBD patients were mainly in regions correlated with emotion perception while the dysfunction among p-MDD patients was in the fronto-limbic circuit and reward-related regions in charge of emotion appraisal and regulation.
Acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction mimicked by direct lightning strike: a case report
Authors: Iqbal Shaikh B , Rao Shiavax J , Pyrgos George J , Haas Christopher J , Padmanabhan Sriram
Published: November 2023

Background

Direct lightning strikes are rare, and multiple organ systems can be involved. Prognosis is dependent on the severity of the injury. Severe myocardial injury associated with transient electrocardiogram changes, which have been previously described, is a hazardous complication.

Case summary

A 35-year-old man with no known past medical history presented unresponsive following a direct lightning strike while sitting in a portable toilet. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started in the field, with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after 1 h. Following ROSC, he received volume resuscitation and was maintained on multiple vasopressors. Electrocardiogram showed significant ST-elevations in inferior leads with elevated troponin I, consistent with inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Labs revealed lactic acidosis, hyperkalaemia, acute kidney, and liver injury. Due to concern for plaque rupture, coronary angiography was performed and revealed no obstructive coronary artery disease. Vasopressor support and volume resuscitation were continued for extensive burns covering greater than 30% body surface area. The patient became progressively hypotensive, eventually precipitating pulseless electrical activity arrest. Emergent labs were notable for severe acidaemia. Despite aggressive interventions, he expired due to severe multi-organ failure.

Discussion

Direct lightning injuries are rare with serious potential complications. Myocardial damage, either from direct electrical insult or from induced coronary vasospasm, can lead to multi-organ system failure.