bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mood—Creativity Relationship in Groups: The Role of Equality in Idea Contribution in Temporal Mood Effects
Authors: Leung Angela K.‐Y. , Liou Shyhnan , Tsai Ming‐Hong , Koh Brandon
Published: June 2018

As people working in groups might fare better in solving complex problems than those working alone (e.g., Laughlin, Hatch, Silver, & Boh,Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,90, 2006 and 644), organizations have increasingly assigned creative projects to groups. Group members contribute their collective efforts over time until the creative project has come to fruition. Although mood is identified as an important antecedent to creativity, little is known about the temporal pattern of how group mood enhances or inhibits group creativity, as well as the underpinning group process that explains the mood—creativity link in groups. We set out to address these questions by taking a within‐group approach to study the temporal trends of how group mood precedes group creativity and to examine idea contribution equality (ICE) as a mediating group process. We conducted a three‐wave longitudinal study among student workgroups tasked to complete a creativity project over a 1‐month span. Evidence showed that positive mood is positively associated with concurrentICEand negative mood is negatively associated with laggedICE. Furthermore, a mediation model showed that negative mood eventually hampered expert‐rated group creative performance by reducingICEover time. These findings add new knowledge to the temporal mood—creativity relation within the group context.
Smartphone imaging of subcutaneous veins
Authors: Lewis William , Franco Walfre
Published: June 2018

Objective

The identification of veins by medical personnel is a critical skill that is necessary to draw blood or administer intravenous fluids and medications. Because a normal consumer camera can act as a multispectral imaging apparatus, operating with three broadband detectors, we hypothesized that a standard smartphone camera might be employed for enhanced visualization of veins in human skin.

Study

Video and images of subcutaneous veins were acquired using the rear‐facing iSight camera from an iPhone 6, with a fixed aperture of f/2.2, and Sony Exmor RS back‐illuminated CMOS image sensor with pixel generation of 1.5 microns. A custom program was written for the iOS operating system that performs a scaled matrix subtraction of different spectral channels and displays results as a grayscale image.

Results

A scaled subtraction of green channel pixel values from red channel pixel values enabled greatly improved identification of subcutaneous veins. Wavelengths of light at which the green detector is most sensitive (520–580 nm) correspond to local absorption maxima of both oxyhemoglobin (542 and 576 nm) and deoxyhemoglobin (556 nm); consequently, the algorithm obtained images of light transport weighted toward deeper skin layers.

Conclusion

We identified and developed a simple algorithm by which a standard smartphone camera can be employed for enhanced video‐rate visualization of veins in human skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:1034–1039, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
p‐Hydroxylcinnamaldehyde slows the progression of 4NQO‐induced oesophageal tumourigenesis via the RhoA‐MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Lianmei , Ma Ming , Wu Hao , Zhang Cong , Dai Suli , Dong Pei , Huo Bingjie , Shan Baoen
Published: June 2018

p‐Hydroxylcinnamaldehyde isolated from the Cochinchina momordica seed (CMSP) has been identified to inhibit growth and metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by inducing differentiation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of CMSP on 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO)‐induced oesophageal tumourigenesis. In the present study, a mouse model of oesophageal preneoplastic lesions was established by providing 4NQO‐containing drinking water to C57BL/6 mice. The effect of CMSP on tumourigenesis induced by the chemical mutagen and the effect of CMSP on immune function were investigated. The results showed that the incidence and pathological stage of atypical hyperplasia in oesophageal tissues were significantly reduced in CMSP‐treated mice compared with untreated mice. Immunohistochemistry and pull‐down assay results revealed that the expression levels of p‐ERK1/2, p‐SAPK/JNK, and GTP‐RhoA were significantly decreased in the oesophageal tissue of CMSP‐treated mice. In addition, the proportions of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were increased, while the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was decreased, in the peripheral blood of CMSP‐treated mice. These results indicated that CMSP could hamper 4NQO‐induced oesophageal tumourigenesis by regulating the RhoA‐ERK/JNK signaling pathway and promoting immune system function, thus providing a new potential strategy for treating preneoplastic lesions of the oesophagus.
On the absence of global weak solutions for some differential inequalities of Sobolev type in an exterior domain
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Kirane Mokhtar , Samet Bessem
Published: June 2018

In this paper, using the nonlinear capacity method, we derive sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of global weak solutions for some differential inequalities of Sobolev type posed in an exterior domain of
, N ≥ 3. The obtained results are extensions of those established by Korpusov and Sveshnikov in the case of the entire space
.
Spatial‐temporal basic reproduction number and dynamics for a dengue disease diffusion model
Authors: Zhu Dandan , Ren Jingli , Zhu Huaiping
Published: June 2018

A reaction‐diffusion system with free boundary is proposed to describe the transmission of the dengue disease from mosquitoes to humans. In addition to the classical basic reproduction number R0, the spatial‐temporal basic reproduction number
is introduced to determine the persistence and eradication of the disease. Some sufficient conditions for the disease vanishing or spreading are obtained. The disease will go extinct under one of the conditions: the classical basic reproduction number R0 < 1 and the spatial‐temporal basic reproduction number
with small expanding capability. The spread of the disease in the whole area is possible if
for some t≥0. Numerical simulations are also given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Evaluation of Electronarcosis as a Tool for Collection of Biological Data from Adult Steelhead
Authors: Haukenes Alf , Bumgarner Joseph , Sandford Benjamin
Published: June 2018

We evaluated electronarcosis (EN) as an alternative to traditional techniques for immobilizing adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss during trapping efforts designed to collect broodstock for hatchery operations and while gathering data for a variety of management and research activities. We compared the rates of fish injury, adult prespawn mortality, embryo survival, and spawner handling efficiency between EN and standard operating procedures with and without chemical anesthetics. Similar rates of injury occurred in adult steelhead when EN and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) were used to immobilize fish. Similar rates of mortality were observed for developing embryos from parents treated with EN or MS-222. In comparisons between EN and a V-trough (VT) without anesthetic, the use of an EN chamber allowed for scale sampling procedures to be completed faster than when VTs were used. Fish sex and handling treatment contributed significantly to the models describing survival distribution of steelhead handled using EN or VT without anesthetic. A lower mortality rate was observed in females treated with EN than in females subjected to the VT treatment. These data support the further use and evaluation of EN for steelhead when collecting data, biological samples, or broodstock in field or hatchery settings.
Electron Energy‐Loss Spectroscopy of Spatial Nonlocality and Quantum Tunneling Effects in the Bright and Dark Plasmon Modes of Gold Nanosphere Dimers
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Cai Xiangbin , Yu Xiang , Carregal‐Romero Susana , Parak Wolfgang J. , Sachan Ritesh , Cai Yuan , Wang Ning , Zhu Ye , Lei Dang Yuan
Published: June 2018

Herein, a theoretical and experimental electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) study on gold nanosphere dimers is presented, with interparticle distance d of the dimers varying from 10 nm to a few angstroms. Injecting an electron beam at the edge or the gap of the dimers excites their longitudinal bonding dipolar mode (BDM) or antibonding dipolar mode (ADM), respectively. Together with comprehensive EELS calculations within the frameworks of a classical local model, a hydrodynamic nonlocal model, and a quantum‐corrected model (QCM), it is revealed that spatial nonlocality and electron tunneling have distinctively different effects on the plasmonic properties of BDM and ADM, such as resonant energy and intensity variation. Specifically, the spatial nonlocality effect blue‐shifts the BDM energy and decreases its EELS intensity at d < 3 nm compared to the classical local results, while the electron tunneling effect induces a much weaker charge transfer mode (CTM) at d < 0.3 nm. However, both effects have little impact on the ADM energy though they indeed affect its EELS intensity in dramatically different manners. The experimental EELS spectra measured at varied gap size are qualitatively consistent with the numerical calculations. These results may contribute to further understanding of quantum mechanical effects in different kinds of hybridized plasmon modes in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures.
Non‐Equilibrium Bose–Einstein‐Like Condensation
Authors: Rodrigues Clóves G. , Vannucchi Fabio S. , Luzzi Roberto
Published: June 2018

The original Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) was theoretically established in the 1920s, for the case of an ideal gas of boson particles (a consequence of the symmetry of the wave function). In the 1990s, it was realized in systems of atomic alkali gases. At the beginning of the 21st century, investigators considered its emergence in solid‐state matter, and a BEC‐like phenomenon was observed in the case of bosonic quasiparticles (elementary excitations in solids). Both types of BEC can occur in a condensation in conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. A third type of what has been dubbed a BEC in non‐equilibrium conditions can occur in systems of bosonic quasiparticles (phonons, magnons, excitons); this phenomenon (which can be considered as cases of systems with complex behavior) follows after a certain threshold of intensity of an external pumping source is achieved. In this review, after brief comments on the two types of BEC in equilibrium, a description is presented on how a BEC‐like phenomenon arises in systems of quasiparticles that are driven away from thermodynamic equilibrium, and several examples are described. This description is given within a unique theoretical framework, and a comparison with experimental results is performed; in addition, the possible technological applications are outlined.
Characterization of glycopeptides using a stepped higher‐energy C‐trap dissociation approach on a hybrid quadrupole orbitrap
Authors: Yang Hong , Yang Chenxi , Sun Taolei
Published: June 2018

Rationale

Accurate characterization of glycopeptides without a prior glycan cleavage could provide valuable information on site‐specific glycosylation, which is critical to reveal the biological functions of protein glycosylation. However, due to the distinct nature of oligosaccharides and ploypeptides, it is usually difficult to effectively fragment glycopeptides in mass spectrometry analysis.

Methods

Here we applied a stepped normalized collisional energy (NCE) approach, which is able to combine fragment ions from three different collision energies, in a hybrid quadrupole orbitrap (Q Exactive Plus) to characterize glycopeptides. A systematic evaluation was firstly performed to find optimal NCE values for the fragmentation of glycan chains and peptide backbones from glycopeptides. Guided by the results of the systematic evaluation, the stepped NCE method was optimized and employed to analyze glycopeptides enriched from human serum.

Results

The stepped NCE approach was found to effectively fragment both the glycan chains and peptide backbones from glycopeptides and record these fragments in a single MS/MS spectrum. In comparison with the regular HCD methods, the stepped NCE method identified more glycopeptides with higher scores from human serum samples.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrate the capability of stepped NCE for the effective characterization of glycopeptides on a large scale.
In Situ treatment of PFAS‐impacted groundwater using colloidal activated Carbon
Authors: McGregor Rick
Published: June 2018

Poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been identified by many regulatory agencies as contaminants of concern within the environment. In recent years, regulatory authorities have established a number of health‐based regulatory and evaluation criteria with groundwater PFAS concentrations typically being less than 50 nanograms per liter (ng/L). Subsurface studies suggest that PFAS compounds are recalcitrant and widespread in the environment. Traditionally, impacted groundwater is extracted and treated on the surface using media such as activated carbon and exchange resins. These treatment technologies are generally expensive, inefficient, and can take decades to reach treatment objectives. The application of in situ remedial technologies is common for a wide variety of contaminants of concern such as petroleum hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds; however, for PFASs, the technology is currently emerging. This study involved the application of colloidal activated carbon at a site in Canada where the PFASs perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected in groundwater at concentrations up to 3,260 ng/L and 1,450 ng/L, respectively. The shallow silty‐sand aquifer was anaerobic with an average linear groundwater velocity of approximately 2.6 meters per day. The colloidal activated carbon was applied using direct‐push technology and PFOA and PFOS concentrations below 30 ng/L were subsequently measured in groundwater samples over an 18‐month period. With the exception of perfluoroundecanoic acid, which was detected at 20 ng/L and perfluorooctanesulfonate which was detected at 40 ng/L after 18 months, all PFASs were below their respective method detection limits in all postinjection samples. Colloidal activated carbon was successfully distributed within the target zone of the impacted aquifer with the activated carbon being measured in cores up to 5 meters from the injection point. This case study suggests that colloidal activated carbon can be successfully applied to address low to moderate concentrations of PFASs within similar shallow anaerobic aquifers.
Deconstructing sustainability
Authors: Dragicevic Arnaud Z.
Published: June 2018

The aim of this work is to focus on the mathematical objects of which the embodiment of weak or strong sustainability is made up. Indeed, scholars and essayists have borrowed the geometrical representations of sustainability, with little regard to their nature, in order to back up and illustrate the logic of their propositions. For this reason, we study the underlying properties of Venn and concentric diagrams. Given the complex, sometimes even inconsistent, interpretations of weak and strong pathways leading to sustainable development, analyzing the latter from the perspective of its visuals, through objects such as sets and hypergraphs, enables us to dig out invisible connections and contrasts between the underlying structures.
Population‐based trends in invasive prenatal diagnosis for ultrasound‐based indications: two decades of change from 1994 to 2016
Authors: Lostchuck E. , Poulton A. , Halliday J. , Hui L.
Published: June 2018

Objective

To assess trends in ultrasound‐indicated prenatal diagnostic testing performed over the past two decades in the Australian state of Victoria, in the context of rapidly changing practices in aneuploidy screening and chromosome analysis.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of all ultrasound‐indicated prenatal diagnostic testing (amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling) performed in the state of Victoria between 1994 and 2016. Ultrasound indications for testing included: fetal structural abnormality, fetal death, fetal growth restriction, abnormal amniotic fluid volume, genetic ‘soft marker’ and unspecified ultrasound abnormality. Maternal age, indication for testing, type of diagnostic procedure, gestational age, type of chromosome analysis (G‐banded karyotyping or chromosomal microarray (CMA)) and test results were obtained. Diagnostic yield (i.e. percentage of tests yielding a major abnormality) was analyzed by year, maternal age and gestational age. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 tests for trend or difference in proportions, as appropriate.

Results

During the 23‐year study period, 1 533 317 births were recorded and 16 152 diagnostic procedures were performed for the primary indication of ultrasound abnormality. In recent years, ultrasound abnormality became the most common indication for prenatal invasive testing (29.4% of diagnostic tests between 2013 and 2016) due to a steep decline in testing for other indications such as positive result on combined first‐trimester screening or advanced maternal age alone. In 2016, over 95% of ultrasound‐indicated procedures were performed with CMA; among these, pathogenic copy number variant (CNV) was the most common (3.5%) abnormality detected, followed by trisomy 21 (2.8%). The diagnostic yield of ultrasound‐indicated tests performed < 16 weeks was significantly higher than that of tests performed after 20 weeks (31.5% vs 9.0%).

Conclusions

Ultrasound‐indicated invasive testing is contributing to prenatal diagnosis in new ways in the genomic era. A pathogenic CNV is now the most likely diagnosis after ultrasound‐indicated testing, rather than trisomy 21 or other whole‐chromosome aneuploidy. Despite steady improvements in first‐trimester screening for aneuploidy, the diagnostic yield of ultrasound‐indicated tests > 20 weeks has remained stable due to increased utilization of CMA. Procedures performed for structural abnormalities < 16 weeks continue to have the highest diagnostic yield, supporting the benefits of early fetal structural assessment at 11–13 weeks. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Impact of Preoperative Hemoglobin Level on the Short‐Term Outcomes After Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Badawy Amr , Kaido Toshimi , Hammad Ahmed , Yagi Shintaro , Kamo Naoko , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji
Published: June 2018

Background

Preoperative anemia was reportedly associated with increased morbidity and mortality after various types of surgeries. However, its impact on the outcomes after liver transplantation has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcome of 216 consecutive adult patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation at our institute between January 2010 and June 2017 and stratified them according to the hemoglobin level before transplant. Risk factors for 90‐day patient mortality, especially infection‐related mortality and early graft loss, were evaluated.

Results

We found that patients with preoperative hemoglobin below 10 g/dl required more intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.002) and had significantly higher early 90‐day postoperative mortality rate (p = 0.007), particularly infection‐related mortality (p = 0.002), lower overall graft, and patient survival rates (p = 0.007, p = 0.013, respectively). Preoperative hemoglobin below 10 g/dl was an independent risk factor for increased post‐transplant 90‐day patient mortality (OR 2.92, p = 0.02), infection‐related mortality (OR 6.81, p = 0.02), and early graft loss (OR 3.26, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Preoperative hemoglobin level below 10 g/dl is associated with poorer short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation and should be corrected preoperatively if possible through safe and effective treatment modalities.
Impacts of Anthropogenic Forcings and El Niño on Chinese Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Freychet N. , Sparrow S. , Tett S. F. B. , Mineter M. J. , Hegerl G. C. , Wallom D. C. H.
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the potential influences of anthropogenic forcings and natural variability on the risk of summer extreme temperatures over China. We use three multi-thousand-member ensemble simulations with different forcings (with or without anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosol emissions) to evaluate the human impact, and with sea surface temperature patterns from three different years around the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 2015/16 event (years 2014, 2015 and 2016) to evaluate the impact of natural variability. A generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is used to fit the ensemble results. Based on these model results, we find that, during the peak of ENSO (2015), daytime extreme temperatures are smaller over the central China region compared to a normal year (2014). During 2016, the risk of nighttime extreme temperatures is largely increased over the eastern coastal region. Both anomalies are of the same magnitude as the anthropogenic influence. Thus, ENSO can amplify or counterbalance (at a regional and annual scale) anthropogenic effects on extreme summer temperatures over China. Changes are mainly due to changes in the GEV location parameter. Thus, anomalies are due to a shift in the distributions and not to a change in temperature variability.
First-Trimester Contingent Screening for Trisomy 21 by Fetal Nuchal Translucency and Maternal Serum Biomarkers and Maternal Blood Cell-Free DNA Testing
Authors: Younesi Sarang , Savad Shahram , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Taheri-Amin Mohammad Mahdi , Saadati Pourandokht , Jamali Soudabeh , Balvayeh Payam , Delshad Saeed , Navidpour Fariba , Adiban Farzaneh , Amidi Saloomeh , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2018

Analysis of cell-free DNA in maternal blood has been proposed as a novel screening method for evaluation of aneuploidies. The higher performance of this technique in screening of trisomies compared to all currently available methods would lead to widespread use of this technique in clinical settings. In total, 1,066,829 singleton pregnancies referred to Nilou Clinical Laboratory were screened for chromosomal trisomies during a period of 12 years. First-trimester screening (FTS), Triple and Quad markers of second-trimester screening (STS) as well as integrated results have been obtained from 444,515, 34,984, 560,857 and 26,473 singleton pregnancies respectively. Non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) using cfDNA was applied in 3500 pregnant women. Risk cutoffs, detection rates (DRs) and false positive rates (FPRs) were assessed for combinations of screening strategies to identify the most efficient strategy for contingent cfDNA testing. Contingent screening including FTS and NIPT offer to 20% of cases would lead to detection of 98% of fetuses with trisomy 21 at a total invasive testing rate of 1.1%. Contingent screening including STS and NIPT offer to 9.0% of cases would lead to detection of 95.5% of fetuses with trisomy 21 at a total invasive testing rate of 4.5%. Contingent screening including FTS or STS and cfDNA testing are efficient strategies for screening of trisomy 21.
Acute respiratory failure and generalized hypotonia secondary to vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Sobaihi Mrouge Mohamed , Al-Jabri Mona , Al –Esaei Nabil Abdulrahman , Al Zaydi Abdullah M.
Published: June 2018

Vitamin D dependent rickets is a rare autosomal recessive disorder secondary to mutation in 1 a hydroxylase enzyme gene. We are presenting a case of a two-year-old boy with vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A whose diagnosis was missed for a long period and he was treated as nutritional rickets. He suffered with severe hypotonia and regressing milestones. Severe hypotonia with proximal muscle weakness caused respiratory failure which required intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation. DNA analysis revealed previously reported homozygous mutation in CYP27B1 gene (p.Arg429Pro (R429P) at exon c.1286 G > C). Rare genetic disorders of rickets are not considered in early course of disease in regions with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. This severe presentation of rickets highlights the need of close monitoring of treatment response and consideration of other differential diagnosis in children who are not responding to vitamin D supplements. There is a high prevalence of genetic disorders particularly autosomal recessive conditions in societies having high rate of inter-family and consanguineous marriages.
Volunteer First Responders for Optimizing Management of Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Yafe Eli , Walker Blake Byron , Amram Ofer , Schuurman Nadine , Randall Ellen , Friger Michael , Adini Bruria
Published: June 2018

Objective

Rapid response to a trauma incident is vital for saving lives. However, in a mass casualty incident (MCI), there may not be enough resources (first responders and equipment) to adequately triage, prepare, and evacuate every injured person. To address this deficit, a Volunteer First Responder (VFR) program was established.

Methods

This paper describes the organizational structure and roles of the VFR program, outlines the geographical distribution of volunteers, and evaluates response times to 3 MCIs for both ambulance services and VFRs in 2000 and 2016.

Results

When mapped, the spatial distribution of VFRs and ambulance stations closely and deliberately reflects the population distribution of Israel. We found that VFRs were consistently first to arrive at the scene of an MCI and greatly increased the number of personnel available to assist with MCI management in urban, suburban, and rural settings.

Conclusions

The VFR program provides an important and effective life-saving resource to supplement emergency first response. Given the known importance of rapid response to trauma, VFRs likely contribute to reduced trauma mortality, although further research is needed in order to examine this question specifically. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:287–294)
The Emergence of Extramural Cemeteries in Neolithic Southeast Europe: A Formally Modeled Chronology for Cernica, Romania
Authors: Stratton Susan , Griffiths Seren , Kogălniceanu Raluca , Simalcsik Angela , Morintz Alexandru , Ştefan Cristian Eduard , Dumitraşcu Valentin , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Nehlich Olaf , Beavan Nancy , Borić Dušan , Whittle Alasdair
Published: June 2018

The emergence of separate cemeteries for disposal of the dead represents a profound shift in mortuary practice in the Late Neolithic of southeast Europe, with a new emphasis on the repeated use of a specific space distinct from, though still often close to, settlements. To help to time this shift more precisely, this paper presents 25 dates from 21 burials in the large cemetery at Cernica, in the Lower Danube valley in southern Romania, which are used to formally model the start, duration of use and end of the cemetery. A further six dates were obtained from four contexts for the nearby settlement. Careful consideration is given to the possibility of environmental and dietary offsets. The preferred model, without freshwater reservoir offsets, suggests that use of the Cernica cemetery probably began in5355–5220 cal BC (95% probability)and ended in5190–5080 cal BC (28% probability)or5070–4940 (67% probability). The implications of this result are discussed, including with reference to other cemeteries of similar age in the region, the nature of social relations being projected through mortuary ritual, and the incorporation of older, Mesolithic, ways of doing things into Late Neolithic mortuary practice.
Do inositol supplements enhance phosphatidylinositol supply and thus support endoplasmic reticulum function?
Authors: Michell Robert H.
Published: June 2018

This review attempts to explain why consuming extramyoinositol (Ins), an essential component of membrane phospholipids, is often beneficial for patients with conditions characterised by insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. For decades we assumed that most human diets provide an adequate Ins supply, but newer evidence suggests that increasing Ins intake ameliorates several disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, poor sperm development and retinopathy of prematurity. Proposed explanations often suggest functional enhancement of minor facets of Ins Biology such as insulin signalling through putative inositol-containing ‘mediators’, but offer no explanation for this selectivity. It is more likely that eating extra Ins corrects a deficiency of an abundant Ins-containing cell constituent, probably phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Much of a cell’s PtdIns is in ER membranes, and an increase in ER membrane synthesis, enhancing the ER’s functional capacity, is often an important part of cell responses to ER stress. This review: (a) reinterprets historical information on Ins deficiency as describing a set of events involving a failure of cells adequately to adapt to ER stress; (b) proposes that in the conditions that respond to dietary Ins there is an overstretching of Ins reserves that limits the stressed ER’s ability to make the ‘extra’ PtdIns needed for ER membrane expansion; and (c) suggests that eating Ins supplements increases the Ins supply to Ins-deficient and ER-stressed cells, allowing them to make more PtdIns and to expand the ER membrane system and sustain ER functions.
Adequacy of nutritional intake during pregnancy in relation to prepregnancy BMI: results from the 3D Cohort Study
Authors: Dubois Lise , Diasparra Maikol , Bédard Brigitte , Colapinto Cynthia K. , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte , Tremblay Richard E. , Fraser William D.
Published: June 2018

Our study compares adequacy of nutritional intakes among pregnant women with different prepregnancy BMI and explores associations between nutritional intakes during pregnancy and both prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG). We collected dietary information from a large cohort of pregnant Canadian women (n861) using a 3-d food record. We estimated usual dietary intakes of energy (E), macronutrients and micronutrients using the National Cancer Institute method. We also performed Pearson’s correlations between nutritional intakes and both prepregnancy BMI and GWG. In all BMI categories, intakes considered suboptimal (by comparison with estimated average requirements) were noted for Fe, vitamin D, folate, vitamin B6, Mg, Zn, Ca and vitamin A. Total fat intakes were above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for 36 % of the women. A higher proportion of obese women had carbohydrate intakes (as %E) below the AMDR (v.normal-weight and overweight women; 19v.9 %) and Na intakes above the tolerable upper intake level (v.other BMI categories; 90v.77–78 %). In all BMI categories, median intakes of K and fibre were below adequate intake. Intakes of several nutrients (adjusted for energy) were correlated with BMI. Correlations were detected between energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and total GWG and were, for the most part, specific to certain BMI categories. Overweight and obese pregnant women appear to be the most nutritionally vulnerable. Nutrition interventions are needed to guide pregnant women toward their optimal GWG while also meeting their nutritional requirements.
A CONJECTURE ON THE ‘NEW APULEIUS’
Authors: Shumilin Mikhail
Published: June 2018

Lines 27.14–17 of the text published by Justin Stover as Apuleius, De Platone 3 are printed by him as follows:

quorum [sc. animalium] inmortalia esse quae in caelo sint; idcirco illa ordine cieri et eodem semper modo et alioquin esse prudentia.

Of them [sc. animals], the immortal animals are those which are in the heavens; thus they move in an ordered pattern in the same way, and in addition, they are rational. (trans. J. Stover)
Rethinking the Permissive Function of Military Necessity in Internal Non-International Armed Conflict
Authors: Onishi Kosuke
Published: June 2018

This article advocates limiting the permissive impact of military necessity on the right to life. It has been argued that military necessity justifies deviations from international human rights law (IHRL) because this body of law is inadequate to deal with the necessities arising out of armed conflict. The article argues that while this rationale is convincing, it should not mean that conduct that is lawful under humanitarian law is necessarily also lawful under human rights law. The degree of force that may be used under international humanitarian law (IHL) is often superfluous. In some instances such violence is tempered by thejus ad bellum, but this body of law does not apply in internal non-international armed conflict (NIAC). The article concludes by exploring the potential for IHRL to play a role in tempering superfluous violence in NIAC that is similar to that whichjus ad bellumplays in international conflict.
Fostering team teaching: Mapping out a research agenda for English-medium instruction at university level
Authors: Lasagabaster David
Published: June 2018

Although English-medium instruction (EMI) courses are burgeoning at university level on a global scale, there is a scarcity of pedagogical guidelines about how to implement effective courses, while most higher education institutions rarely offer courses aimed at helping EMI teachers tackle this new teaching context. An additional concern has to do with the fact that content EMI lecturers tend to avoid language aspects, a weakness that could be overcome by boosting team teaching, that is, the collaboration between language and content teachers. Previous research reveals that team teaching improves undergraduates’ learning and can also be a gratifying experience for the teaching staff involved, who usually highlight the motivational boost it gives them because it stimulates reflection on their pedagogical knowledge and practices. In this paper I put forward research tasks with a view to enticing researchers to embark on projects focused on this uncharted territory, as team teaching is a research field in which much remains to be done.
Teaching for transfer of second language learning
Authors: James Mark Andrew
Published: June 2018

An important issue in second language (L2) teaching is transfer of learning. Transfer occurs ‘when learning in one context or with one set of materials impacts on performance in another context or with another set of materials’ (Perkins & Salomon 1994: 6452). For example, knowing how to play guitar may help a person who is learning to play the piano, or experience playing team sports may help a person who has a job that involves teamwork, or having learned math in school may help a person who is shopping. Questions about whether and how learning is applied in different contexts are central to an understanding of human behavior, and answers to such questions are of practical value to educators. It is not surprising, then, that for over a century, transfer has been ‘among the most challenging, contentious, and important issues for both psychology and education’ (Day & Goldstone 2012: 153).
Anglicanism, Family Planning and Contraception: The Development of a Moral Teaching and its Ecumenical Implications
Authors: Morgan John
Published: June 2018

This essay examines pressures and theological developments regarding sexuality and birth control within Anglicanism, as represented by statements from Lambeth Conferences and in discussions in the Church of England during the early to mid twentieth century, and notes some of the changes in ‘official’ position within US churches and especially The Episcopal Church. It offers comparison with the developments in moral theology within the Roman Catholic Church after 1930 and asks if, and by what means, the two Communions may come to agree on the specific issue of contraception.
How beginning cognitive behavioural therapists develop professional confidence
Authors: Maruniakova Lenka , Rihacek Tomas
Published: June 2018

Evidence exists that the effectiveness of psychotherapy depends more on therapists’ variables than on their theoretical orientation or the techniques they use. Nevertheless, relatively little is known regarding the process of cognitive behavioural psychotherapists’ development. The purpose of the study was to explore how beginning cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) practitioners develop, considering various professional and personal influences. Eight in-depth interviews with beginning therapists were conducted, and the Grounded Theory Method was used for data analysis. The developmental process was conceptualized as Gaining Professional Confidence, and three phases of this process were identified: (1) Externally Based Confidence in CBT Methods, (2) Internalized Confidence in CBT Methods, and (3) Therapists’ Self-Confidence. The results indicate that trainees’ self-reflection on their personal qualities, values, attitudes and preferences should be given more attention in CBT training, as this plays a crucial role in their overall professional development.
Row Crop Sensitivity to Low Rates of Foliar-Applied Florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Authors: Miller M. Ryan , Norsworthy Jason K.
Published: June 2018

In a greenhouse experiment, soybean, cotton, corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower were subjected to 1/10 (3 g ai ha-1), 1/100 (0.3 g ai ha-1), or 1/500 (0.06 g ai ha-1) of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. Visible injury 14 days after treatment (DAT) was the greatest with soybean (96%) when exposed to the highest drift rate of 1/10x or 3 g ai/ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and was significantly higher than all other crops and drift rates. Cotton and sunflower were also injured 85 and 83%, respectively, by the 1/10x rate but had less injury when a 1/100x or 1/500x rate was applied (injury ranging from 9 to 33%). It was concluded that the negative effects on soybean, cotton, and sunflower primarily resulted from exposure to the highest rate tested (1/10x) and only soybean expressed negative effects even at the lower rate of 1/100x. A field study was also conducted to (1) evaluate the sensitivity of soybean to low concentrations of florpyrauxifen-benzyl during vegetative and reproductive development and (2) compare soybean injury and yield following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and dicamba across various growth stages and concentrations. Soybean plants were treated with 1/10, 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, or 1/640 of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai/ ha-1) or dicamba (560 g ae ha-1) at the V3 and R1 growth stage. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at a rate of 1/10 to 1/40X caused foliar injury and subsequent height reduction. In comparison, dicamba applied at the same rates caused slightly less injury and growth reductions. As rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl decreased from 1/10 to 1/640X, the level of soybean injury dissipated rather quickly. However, this was not the case with dicamba, as substantial injury was observed with rates as low as 1/640X.
Validation of ROTI for Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation Measurements in a Low‐Latitude Region Over Africa
Authors: Olwendo J. O. , Cilliers Pierre , Weimin Zhen , Ming Ou , Yu Xiao
Published: June 2018

Measurement of the effect of ionospheric irregularities on Global Navigation Satellite Services has drawn great interest due to the adverse effects of such irregularities on precise position estimation. Specialized receivers are currently being used to measure the effects of ionospheric irregularities on the satellite signals. These effects are characterized by the amplitude scintillation index S4 and the phase scintillation index σΦ (sigma phi). In order to compute these scintillation indices, one requires a receiver that measures data at a high sampling rate. The intensity of ionospheric scintillation is an important parameter in the modeling of ionospheric scintillation. Therefore, an index is required that accurately reflects the amplitude scintillation as conventionally measured by means of the S4 index. To infer the characteristics of ionospheric irregularities from ionospheric scintillation related to geophysical processes, the choice of sampling rate is very important, especially for small‐scale phenomena. In this work, we used a Global Positioning System receiver with high sampling rate, sampling at 20 Hz to compute both the amplitude scintillation index S4 and the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI) based on relative total electron content. The results show that by scaling the ROTI values using an appropriate scaling factor, a scintillation index can be calculated that correlates well with the amplitude scintillation index S4, for values of S4 < 0.4. For strong scintillation events S4 > 0.5, the scaled ROTI values are more sensitive for events that lead to loss‐of‐lock (as evidenced by jumps in the L1‐phase values) than the S4 index. It is also shown that the choice of sampling interval may affect the computed ROTI at a particular location.
Identifying Key Water Resource Vulnerabilities in Data‐Scarce Transboundary River Basins
Authors: Rougé Charles , Tilmant Amaury , Zaitchik Ben , Dezfuli Amin , Salman Maher
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a two‐step framework to identify key water resource vulnerabilities in transboundary river basins where data availability on both hydrological fluxes and the operation of man‐made facilities is either limited or nonexistent. In a first step, it combines two state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools to overcome data limitations and build a model that provides a lower bound on risks estimated in that basin. Land data assimilation (process‐based hydrological modeling taking remote‐sensed products as inputs) is needed to evaluate hydrological fluxes, that is, streamflow data and consumptive use in irrigated agriculture—a lower‐end estimate of demand. Hydroeconomic modeling provides cooperative water allocation policies that reflect the best‐case management of storage capacity under hydrological uncertainty at a monthly time step for competing uses—hydropower, irrigation. In a second step, the framework uses additional scenarios to proceed with the in‐depth analysis of the vulnerabilities identified despite the use of what is by definition a best‐case model. We implement this approach to the Tigris‐Euphrates river basin, a politically unstable region where water scarcity has been hypothesized to serve as a trigger for the Syrian revolution and ensuing war. Results suggest that even under the framework's best‐case assumptions, the Euphrates part of the basin is close to a threshold where it becomes reliant on transfers of saline water from other parts of the basin to ensure irrigation demands are met. This Tigris‐Euphrates river basin application demonstrates how the proposed framework quantifies vulnerabilities that have been hitherto discussed in a mostly qualitative, speculative way.
Influence of Iron, Cobalt, and Vitamin B12 Supply on Phytoplankton Growth in the Tropical East Pacific During the 2015 El Niño
Authors: Browning Thomas J. , Rapp Insa , Schlosser Christian , Gledhill Martha , Achterberg Eric P. , Bracher Astrid , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C.
Published: June 2018

Iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and vitamin B12 addition experiments were performed in the eastern Equatorial Pacific/Peruvian upwelling zone during the 2015 El Niño event. Near the Peruvian coastline, apparent photosystem II photochemical efficiencies (Fv/Fm) were unchanged by nutrient addition and chlorophyll a tripled in untreated controls over 2 days, indicating nutrient replete conditions. Conversely, Fe amendment further away from the coastline in the high nitrate, low Fe zone significantly increased Fv/Fm and chlorophyll a concentrations. Mean chlorophyll a was further enhanced following supply of Fe + Co and Fe + B12 relative to Fe alone, but this was not statistically significant; further offshore, reported Co depletion relative to Fe could enhance responses. The persistence of Fe limitation in this system under a developing El Niño, as previously demonstrated under non‐El Niño conditions, suggests that diminished upwelled Fe is likely an important factor driving reductions in offshore phytoplankton productivity during these events.
Cenozoic Development of the Nonmarine Mula Basin in the Southern Yidun Terrane: Deposition and Deformation in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Associated with the India‐Asia Collision
Authors: Jackson W. T. , Robinson D. M. , Weislogel A. L. , Jian X. , McKay M. P.
Published: June 2018

To advance tectonic models of plateau growth in response to the India‐Asia collision, parameters such as the timing, mechanism (s), and extent of Cenozoic deposition and deformation throughout the eastern Tibetan Plateau need to be determined. To better understand these parameters, we examine the Mula basin, located in the southern Yidun terrane, using field data, detrital zircon geochronology, εHf zircon isotopic values, and thin section petrology. The Mula basin is a NW‐SE elongate (~28 km long and 5–8 km wide) exposure of nonmarine strata ~1,000 m thick, deposited in alluvial environments. The basin is bound to the northeast by a thrust fault (327, 34°NE) that places Triassic Daocheng Pluton and Triassic Yidun Group rocks on top of the nonmarine strata. The western boundary is defined by an unconformable contact between the overlying nonmarine strata and Triassic Daocheng Pluton and Yidun Group rock. An intrabasin thrust fault, parallel to the basin‐bounding fault, places older nonmarine strata on top of younger nonmarine strata, illustrating postdepositional deformation. Provenance results indicate that sediment influx originated primarily from localized drainage catchments and lacked major, well‐organized throughgoing systems. A maximum depositional age of 45.5 ± 0.5 Ma, based on the weighted mean average of the youngest detrital zircon population (s), demonstrates an Eocene or younger age for strata. We interpret the Mula basin to have developed in a contractional deformational regime driven by a far‐field, upper‐crustal response associated with the transition from an Andean style margin to a continent‐continent collisional margin as India impinged upon Eurasia.
RIP1 protects melanoma cells from apoptosis induced by BRAF/MEK inhibitors
Authors: Lei Fu Xi , Jin Lei , Liu Xiao Ying , Lai Fritz , Yan Xu Guang , Farrelly Margaret , Guo Su Tang , Zhao Xin Han , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: June 2018

Many recent studies have uncovered the necessary role for the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in regulating apoptosis and necrosis that cells undergo in response to various cellular stresses. However, the functional significance of RIP1 in promoting cancer cell survival remains poorly understood. Here, we report that RIP1 was upregulated and contributed to both intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma cells to BRAF/MEK inhibitors through activation of NF-κB. Strikingly, Snail1-mediated suppression of CYLD played a crucial role in promoting RIP1 expression upon ERK activation, particularly, in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. In addition, RIP1 kinase activity was not required for melanoma cells to survive BRAF/MEK inhibition as RIP1 mediated NF-κB activation through its intermediate domain. Collectively, our findings reveal that targeting RIP1 in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors is a potential approach in the treatment of the disease.