bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal input filters for iterative learning control systems with additive noises, random delays, and data dropouts in both channels
Authors: Huang Lixun , Sun Lijun , Wang Tao , Liu Weihua , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Qiuwen
Published: December 2021

The convergence performance of wireless networked iterative learning control systems is affected by additive noises, random delays, and data dropouts in both sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels. In order to guarantee the convergence performance of such systems, an input filter is designed in front of actuators to estimate the controller updated input under the effect of those uncertainties. Specifically, a P‐type learning controller is considered firstly, and then a model is developed to describe the transmission of sensor measured output data and controller updated input data under the mixed effect of those uncertainties. On the basis of state augmentation, the two developed data transmission processes are further combined with the controller learning process to build a unified filtering model. According to this filtering model and the projection theory, an optimal filter in linear minimum variance sense is designed at the actuator side to estimate the controller updated input in iteration domain. The convergence performance of the norm of filtering error covariance matrix is proved theoretically, which means driven by this accurately estimated input, the convergence performance of networked systems adopting the P‐type learning controller is guaranteed. Finally, some numerical results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Performance optimization of shape memory epoxy polymers based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Bei , Jin Kai , Tao Jie , Wang Hao , He Dan , Li Huaguan
Published: December 2021

In this study, we proposed a machine learning (ML) method to optimize the comprehensive performance of shape memory epoxy polymers (SMEPs) based on experimental data as samples. Firstly, a series of SMEPs specimens were prepared, and their properties were evaluated respectively by testing four indexes including the glass transition temperature (Tg), bending strength, strain fixation rate (Rf), and strain recovery rate (Rr). Subsequently, ML used these experimental data as samples for feature learning to investigate the influence of each component on these properties. The results indicated that methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride was more favorable toTgand bending strength than methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) as a curing agent. However, a certain amount of MHHPA must be included in the system to guarantee a higherRfandRr. Moreover, the right amount of bisphenol A cyanate ester in the system improved the comprehensive properties of SMEPs, especially the shape memory effect. Finally, a SMEPs system with superior properties was acquired through the optimization of four indexes ofTg, bending strength,RfandRr. Therefore, this study shows that ML methods can also be used to investigate SMEPs that require more specific excellent performance.
Effect of stacking sequence and metal volume fraction on the ballistic impact behaviors of ARALL fiber‐metal laminates: An experimental study
Authors: Kosedag Ertan , Aydin Murat , Ekici Recep
Published: December 2021

Thanks to their superior mechanical properties, polymer matrix composites have gained considerable importance. In order to improve the impact resistance of polymer matrix composite materials, a new hybrid material known as fiber metal laminate (FML) has been developed. The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of stacking sequence (SS), metal volume fraction (MVF), and number of layers on ballistic resistance in fiber metal laminates (FMLs). Four types of FMLs in different sequences and MVF (25% and 50%) were produced with hot press and vacuum. Ballistic tests were carried out with a single stage gas gun system. The absorbed energy was calculated from the energy difference that occurred by taking into account the FMLs entry and exit velocity of the projectile and the projectile mass. Damage types were examined after ballistic testing. It was determined that the stacking sequence and MVF significantly affect the impact resistance of FMLs. It was determined that the metal layer, which first encounters the projectile, compared to the polymer matrix composite, is more effective on the impact resistance of FMLs, and the impact resistance increased with the increase of MVF. In addition, the increase in the number of layers, if the top layers remain the same, adversely affected the impact resistance. It was observed that the first layer that encounters the projectile and the amount of MVF have a significant effect on the ballistic impact strength. As the amount of MVF increases, the ballistic impact resistance increases.
Spray drift potential of dicamba plus S‐metolachlor formulations
Authors: Canella Vieira Bruno , Sousa Alves Guilherme , Vukoja Barbara , Velho Vinicius , Zaric Milos , Houston Trenton W , Fritz Bradley K , Kruger Greg R
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Early‐postemergence herbicide applications in the USA often include residual herbicides such as S‐metolachlor to suppress late late‐emerging Amaranthus spp. Although this practice benefits weed control, herbicide tankmixes can influence spray droplet size and drift potential during applications. The addition of S‐metolachlor products to dicamba spray solutions generally decreases spray droplet size and increases spray drift potential. Advances in formulation technology fostered the development of products with reduced spray drift potential, especially for herbicide premixes containing multiple active ingredients. The objective of this study was to compare the drift potential of a novel dicamba plus S‐metolachlor premix formulation (capsule suspension) against a tankmix containing dicamba (soluble liquid) and S‐metolachlor (emulsifiable concentrate) using different venturi nozzles.

RESULTS

The MUG nozzle had greater DV0.5 (1128.6 μm) compared to the ULDM (930.3 μm), TDXL‐D (872.9 μm), and TTI nozzles (854.8 μm). The premix formulation had greater DV0.5 (971.0 μm) compared to the tankmix (922.3 μm). Nozzle influenced spray drift deposition (P < 0.0001) and soybean biomass reduction (P = 0.0465). Herbicide formulation influenced spray drift deposition (P < 0.0001), and biomass reduction of soybean (P < 0.0001) and cotton (P = 0.0479). The novel capsule suspension formulation (premix) of dicamba plus S‐metolachlor had reduced area under the drift curve (AUDC) (577.6) compared to the tankmix (913.7). Applications using the MUG nozzle reduced AUDC (459.9) compared to the other venturi nozzles (ranging from 677.4 to 1141.7).

CONCLUSION

Study results evidence that advances in pesticide formulation can improve pesticide drift mitigation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Large Linear Magnetoresistance and Evidence of Degeneracy Lifting of Valence Bands in Rhombohedral Phase of Topological Crystalline Insulator SnTe
Authors: Baral Sonali , Dasoundhi Mukesh Kumar , Rajput Indu , Kumar Devendra , Lakhani Archana
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive magnetotransport study on a p‐type single crystal of SnTe topological crystalline insulator is reported, across the cubic‐to‐rhombohedral (R3m) transition atTs≈64 K. SnTe exhibits a large unsaturated linear magnetoresistance (LMR) reaching a value of 42% at 5 K and 8 T for (100) plane. LMR is found to have a direct dependence on the mobility and a detailed analysis shows that it follows the classical Parish‐Littlewood model of conductivity fluctuations arising from macroscopic inhomogeneities of tellurium interstitial atoms. Profound SdH oscillations having aπBerry phase are observed in the rhombohedral (R3m) phase having significantly lower carrier density ≈5.32 × 1011 cm−2at 2 K, which provides direct evidence of protected topological surface states in theR3mphase. The Hall conductivity shows a transformation from one band to two‐band behavior across the structural transition, thus providing an experimental evidence for the degeneracy lifting of bulk valence bands below the cubic symmetry breaking point which is consistent with recent band structure calculations. The overall results indicate that magnetotransport studies can distinctly probe the surface and bulk sensitive properties of SnTe, and can also track the band‐splitting of degenerate bands across the cubic‐to‐rhombohedral (R3m) transition.
Tectorigenin protects against unilateral ureteral obstruction by inhibiting Smad3‐mediated ferroptosis and fibrosis
Authors: Li Jianchun , Yang Jieke , Zhu Bingwen , Fan Junming , Hu Qiongdan , Wang Li
Published: December 2021

Renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury and fibrosis are the key factors of the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Here, we reported that tectorigenin is effectively protected against obstructive nephropathy established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In vivo, tectorigenin administration significantly alleviated the deteriorations of renal functions including blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Meanwhile, results from the histology suggested that renal injury characterized by tubular cell damage and fibrosis lesions of kidneys in UUO group were markedly attenuated following tectorigenin treatment. Mechanistically, we found that tectorigenin treatment greatly inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation, and the transcription and protein level of Nox4, a newly identified direct downstream molecule of Smad3 and a modulator of ferroptosis, while it indirectly restored the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, a negative regulator of ferroptosis. Consistent with in vivo studies, treatment with tectorigenin also suppressed the ferroptosis induced by erastin/RSL3 and fibrosis stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in primary renal TECs. What is more, treatment with ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin‐1, also impeded TGF‐β1 stimulated the profibrotic effects in TECs, indicating that tectorigenin may relieve fibrosis by inhibiting ferroptosis in TECs. In addition, tectorigenin treatment exhibited a similar tendency, which inhibited Smad3 activation, and the docking analysis revealed that tectorigenin docked well into the Smad3 binding cavity with strong binding affinity (−7.9 kcal/mol). Thus, this study deciphers the protective effect of tectorigenin against obstructive nephropathy through inhibiting Smad3‐mediated ferroptosis and fibrosis.
DACA: Distributed adaptive grid decision graph based clustering algorithm
Authors: He Jing , Zhou Jun , Wang Haoyu , Cai Li
Published: December 2021

Clustering algorithms play a very important role in machine learning. With the development of big‐data artificial intelligence, distributed parallel algorithms have become an important research field. To reduce the computational complexity and running time of large‐scale datasets in the clustering process, this study proposes a distributed clustering algorithm DACA (distributed adaptive grid decision graph based clustering algorithm). In a distributed environment, DACA uses relative entropy to adaptively mesh the data to form an obvious sparse grid and dense grid. Then, the decision graph is used to determine the cluster center mesh object. Finally, the KD‐tree is used to accelerate the determination of the cluster center of sparse points to complete clustering. The algorithm is implemented using the popular Apache Spark computing framework, compared with other distributed clustering algorithms, DACA can adaptively divide the grid according to the data distribution to obtain better clustering effect. At the same time, KD tree algorithm is used to speed up the decision‐making of clustering center. Numerous experiments show that the DACA algorithm has excellent performance and accuracy on six standard datasets and real GPS trajectory datasets.
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop: Determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in water
Authors: Siouri Faady , Abujaber Feras , Mubarak Asem , Al‐Rimawi Fuad
Published: December 2021

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop method is a highly efficient method optimized for the first time in the determination of trace levels of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in water samples. Several important parameters affecting the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (extraction solvent, ionic strength, pH, dispersion solvent, vortex, and centrifugation times) were studied and optimized using a univariate optimization strategy. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photo‐diode array detector was used after the sample preparation. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.15–0.32 and 0.48–0.98 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, the linear dynamic range was up to 1000 μg/L and determination coefficient was higher than 0.9949. Recoveries in all water samples at two spiking levels (20 and 50 μg/L) were between 80.5 and 102.8% for all the pharmaceuticals. The intra‐ and interday (n = 5) precision were below 9.4%. Using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop as a method for the extraction of pharmaceuticals from the aquatic environment is simple, rapid, environmentally friendly, and opens a new door for applications in this field where preconcentration is almost always required.
A Similar Day Based Short Term Load Forecasting Method Using Wavelet Transform and LSTM
Authors: Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Chuyan , Yu Miao
Published: December 2021

With the deregulation of electricity markets, short‐term load forecasting (STLF) has gained importance for the operation of power systems. However, an effective STLF model is hard to achieve as the load is affected by various factors. Here we present a STLF method based on similar day approach to predict the electricity usage 24 h ahead and by employing long short‐term memory (LSTM) and wavelet transform to further improve the forecasting accuracy. Compared with other methods, the proposed method achieves higher accuracy, and brings out the significance of using similar day's load, wavelet transform, and LSTM network. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mapping of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean PIs using whole‐genome sequencing reveals a major QTL
Authors: de Ronne Maxime , Santhanam Parthasarathy , Cinget Benjamin , Labbé Caroline , Lebreton Amandine , Ye Heng , Vuong Tri D. , Hu Haifei , Valliyodan Babu , Edwards David , Nguyen Henry T. , Belzile François , Bélanger Richard
Published: December 2021

In the last decade, more than 70 quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] partial resistance (PR) against Phytophthora sojae have been identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). However, most of them have either a minor effect on the resistance level or are specific to a single phenotypic variable or one isolate, thereby limiting their use in breeding programs. In this study, we have used an analytical approach combining (a) the phenotypic characterization of a diverse panel of 357 soybean accessions for resistance to P. sojae captured through a single variable, corrected dry weight; (b) a new hydroponic assay allowing the inoculation of a combination of P. sojae isolates covering the spectrum of commercially relevant Rps genes; and (c) exhaustive genotyping through whole‐genome resequencing (WGS). This led to the identification of a novel P. sojae resistance QTL with a relatively major effect compared with the previously reported QTL. The QTL interval, spanning ∼500 kb on chromosome (Chr) 15, does not colocalize with previously reported QTL for P. sojae resistance. Plants carrying the favorable allele at this QTL were 60% more resistant. Eight genes were found to reside in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing the peak single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) including Glyma.15G217100, which encodes a major latex protein (MLP)‐like protein, with a functional annotation related to pathogen resistance. Expression analysis of Glyma.15G217100 indicated that it was nearly eight times more highly expressed in a group of plant introductions (PIs) carrying the resistant (R) allele compared with those carrying the susceptible (S) allele within a short period after inoculation. These results offer new and valuable options to develop improved soybean cultivars with broad resistance to P. sojae through marker‐assisted selection.
Impacts of aluminum‐ and iron‐based coagulants on municipal sludge anaerobic digestibility, dewaterability, and odor emission
Authors: Luo Hao , Sun Yuepeng , Taylor Malcolm , Nguyen Caroline , Strawn Mary , Broderick Tom , Wang Zhi‐Wu
Published: December 2021

Although aluminum‐ and iron‐based chemicals have been broadly used as the two most common types of coagulants for wastewater treatment, their impacts on the performance of downstream sludge management can be quite different and have not been well understood. This work reviewed and analyzed their similarities and differences in the context of the anaerobic digestion performance, dewaterability of digested sludge, and odor emission from dewatered biosolids. In short, iron‐based coagulants tend to show less negative impact than aluminum‐based coagulants. This can be attributed to the reduction of ferric to ferrous ions in the course of anaerobic digestion, which leads to a suite of changes in protein bioavailability, alkalinity and hydrogen sulfide levels, and in turn the sludge dewaterability and odor potential. Whether these observations still hold true in the context of thermally hydrolyzed sludge management remains to be studied.

Practitioner Points

The impacts of aluminum‐/iron‐based coagulant addition on municipal sludge anaerobic digestibility, dewaterability, and odor emission are reviewed.

Iron‐based coagulants show less negative impact on the sludge digestibility than aluminum‐based coagulants.

Conclusions may aid practitioners in selecting coagulants in practice and better understanding the mechanisms behind the phenomena.
Squashed black holes at large D
Authors: Suzuki Ryotaku , Tomizawa Shinya
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Using the large D effective theory approach, we construct a static solution of non-extremal and squashed black holes with/without an electric charge, which describes a spherical black hole in a Kaluza-Klein spacetime with a compactified dimension. The asymptotic background with a compactified dimension and near-horizon geometry are analytically solved by the 1/D expansion. Particularly, our work demonstrates that the large D limit can be applied to solve the non-trivial background with a compactified direction, which leads to a first-order flow equation. Moreover, we show that the extremal limit consistently reproduces the known extremal result.
One-loop multicollinear limits from 2-point amplitudes on self-dual backgrounds
Authors: Adamo Tim , Ilderton Anton , MacLeod Alexander J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract

For scattering amplitudes in strong background fields, it is — at least in principle — possible to perturbatively expand the background to obtain higher-point vacuum amplitudes. In the case of self-dual plane wave backgrounds we consider this expansion for two-point, one-loop amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills, QED and QCD. This enables us to obtain multicollinear limits of 1-loop vacuum amplitudes; the resulting helicity configurations are surprisingly restricted, with only the all-plus helicity amplitude surviving. These results are shown to be consistent with well-known vacuum amplitudes. We also show that for both abelian and non-abelian supersymmetric gauge theories, there is no helicity flip (and hence no vacuum birefringence) on any plane wave background, generalising a result previously known in the Euler-Heisenberg limit of super-QED.
Phase Retrieval from Sampled Gabor Transform Magnitudes: Counterexamples
Authors: Alaifari Rima , Wellershoff Matthias
Published: December 2021

We consider the recovery of square-integrable signals from discrete, equidistant samples of their Gabor transform magnitude and show that, in general, signals can not be recovered from such samples. In particular, we show that for any lattice, one can construct functions in$$L^2({\mathbb {R}})$$L2(R)which do not agree up to global phase but whose Gabor transform magnitudes sampled on the lattice agree. These functions have good concentration in both time and frequency and can be constructed to be real-valued for rectangular lattices.
Suizide im deutschen Strafvollzug: Häufigkeit, Risikofaktoren und Prävention
Authors: Opitz-Welke Annette , Konrad Norbert
Published: December 2021

Gefangene haben ein hohes Suizidrisiko und die höchsten Suizidraten sind bei Untersuchungsgefangenen zu verzeichnen. Suizid ist die häufigste singuläre Todesursache in deutschen Gefängnissen. In diesem narrativen Übersichtsbeitrag werden zunächst die Gefängnispopulation und ihre allgemeine Gesundheitsversorgung beschrieben, wobei insbesondere auf psychiatrische und Substanzkonsumstörungen eingegangen wird. Der Hauptteil widmet sich der Prävalenz, den Ursachen und Risikofaktoren von Gefängnissuizid. Maßnahmen zur Suizidprävention werden dargestellt.

Der Anteil von Männern unter Gefangenen in Deutschland ist mit 94 % (2020) wie in allen Teilen der Welt sehr hoch. Die meisten Gefangenen sind jungen oder mittleren Alters. Die durchschnittlichen jährlichen Suizidraten bei Männern und Frauen in deutschen Gefängnissen entsprechen mit 105,8/100.000 bzw. 54,7/100.000 denen der meisten Länder in der Europäischen Union (Vollerhebung 2000–2011). Die Suizidraten bei männlichen deutschen Gefangenen sind in den Jahren 2000–2013 unabhängig vom Alter kontinuierlich zurückgegangen. Bei weiblichen Gefangenen stiegen sie dagegen an, wobei die Ursachen hierfür nicht bekannt sind. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass psychiatrische Erkrankungen nicht erkannt worden waren.

Wichtige suizidpräventive Maßnahmen sind die Unterbringung in Gemeinschaft und die Vermeidung von Isolation, beispielsweise durch das Angebot von Arbeit. Zudem stehen validierte deutschsprachige Screeninginstrumente zur Verfügung, um ein Suizidrisiko frühzeitig zu erkennen. Für eine wirksame Gefängnissuizidprävention bedarf es der Identifikation von Hochrisikopersonen, des Angebots geeigneter suizidpräventiver Maßnahmen sowie der Entwicklung teambezogener Maßnahmen beim Gefängnispersonal.
Quantum Walks: Schur Functions Meet Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
Authors: Cedzich C. , Geib T. , Grünbaum F. A. , Velázquez L. , Werner A. H. , Werner R. F.
Published: December 2021

This paper uncovers and exploits a link between a central object in harmonic analysis, the so-called Schur functions, and the very hot topic of symmetry protected topological phases of quantum matter. This connection is found in the setting of quantum walks, i.e. quantum analogs of classical random walks. We prove that topological indices classifying symmetry protected topological phases of quantum walks are encoded by matrix Schur functions built out of the walk. This main result of the paper reduces the calculation of these topological indices to a linear algebra problem: calculating symmetry indices of finite-dimensional unitaries obtained by evaluating such matrix Schur functions at the symmetry protected points $$\pm 1$$

±
1

. The Schur representation fully covers the complete set of symmetry indices for 1D quantum walks with a group of symmetries realizing any of the symmetry types of the tenfold way. The main advantage of the Schur approach is its validity in the absence of translation invariance, which allows us to go beyond standard Fourier methods, leading to the complete classification of non-translation invariant phases for typical examples.
The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) as a potential pest for agriculture in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Castro Jorge , Sáez Carmen , Molina-Morales Mercedes
Published: December 2021

The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) has been introduced in the last decades to many cities in many parts of the world. For most of this time it has been restricted primarily to urban areas, but it is starting to spread to rural habitats. In its native range, the monk parakeet is considered a pest for agriculture, consuming a wide variety of crops such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. However, there is very little information about its potential role as a pest for agriculture in the areas where it is exotic. Here we conducted an experimental survey of the impact of the monk parakeet on corn in SE Spain using camera traps. The monk parakeet was the animal that produced the highest damage, being responsible for 98.6% of the time employed by all animals consuming corn. The percentage of cobs damaged ranged from 36.8 to 100% depending on the cultivar, whereas the crop loss (measured as the length of the cob consumed with respect to the total length of the cob) ranged from 17.7 to 71.1%. The results suggest that the monk parakeet may be a serious pest for agriculture in the Mediterranean basin if their populations continue growing.
Machine learning reveals complex effects of climatic means and weather extremes on wheat yields during different plant developmental stages
Authors: Schierhorn Florian , Hofmann Max , Gagalyuk Taras , Ostapchuk Igor , Müller Daniel
Published: December 2021

Rising weather volatility poses a growing challenge to crop yields in many global breadbaskets. However, empirical evidence regarding the effects of extreme weather conditions on crop yields remains incomplete. We examine the contribution of climate and weather to winter wheat yields in Ukraine, a leading crop exporter with some of the highest yield variabilities observed globally. We used machine learning to link daily climatic data with annual winter wheat yields from 1985 to 2018. We differentiated the impacts of long-term climatic conditions (e.g., temperature) and weather extremes (e.g., heat waves) on yields during the distinct developmental stages of winter wheat. Our results suggest that climatic and weather variables alone explained 54% of the wheat yield variability at the country level. Heat waves, tropical night waves, frost, and drought conditions, particularly during the reproductive and grain filling phase, constitute key factors that compromised wheat yields in Ukraine. Assessing the impacts of weather extremes on crop yields is urgent to inform strategies that help cushion farmers against growing production risks because these extremes will likely become more frequent and intense with climate change.
“Knowing That I’m Not Necessarily Alone in My Struggles”: UK Autistic Performing Arts Professionals’ Experiences of a Mentoring Programme
Authors: Buckley Eleanor , Pellicano Elizabeth , Remington Anna
Published: December 2021

This research examined whether professional mentoring could have a positive effect on the occupational self-efficacy of autistic performing arts professionals. We compared the outcomes of one group who received mentoring to a waitlist control group. 26 participants took part in this study: 15 autistic mentees and 11 mentors, three of whom were also autistic. The mentoring programme was well received and felt to be beneficial by the participating mentees and mentors, particularly regarding gains in mentees’ occupational self-efficacy. Professional mentoring also addressed several work-oriented challenges identified by autistic performing arts professionals such as feelings of isolation in the industry and need for consultation and advice on both a professional level, and for mentees with autistic mentors, also a neurodivergent one.
Two Dimensional Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid MDCD-TENO Schemes
Authors: Tan Raynold , Ooi Andrew
Published: December 2021

In this article, a quasi-linear semi-discrete analysis of shock capturing schemes in two dimensional wavenumber space is proposed. Using the dispersion relation of the two dimensional advection and linearized Euler equations, the spectral properties of a spatial scheme can be quantified in two dimensional wavenumber space. A hybrid scheme (HYB-MDCD-TENO6) which combines the merits of the minimum dispersion and controllable dissipation (MDCD) scheme with the targeted essentially non-oscillatory (TENO) scheme was developed and tested. Using the two dimensional analysis framework, the scheme was spectrally optimized in such a way that the linear part of the scheme can be separately optimized for its dispersion and dissipation properties. In order to compare its performance against existing schemes, the proposed scheme as well as the baseline schemes were tested against a series of benchmark test cases. It was found that the HYB-MDCD-TENO6 scheme provides similar or better resolution as compared to the baseline TENO6 schemes for the same grid size.
Pain fingerprinting using multimodal sensing: pilot study
Authors: Keskinarkaus Anja , Yang Ruijing , Fylakis Angelos , Surat-E-Mostafa Md. , Hautala Arto , Hu Yong , Peng Jinye , Zhao Guoying , Seppänen Tapio , Karppinen Jaro
Published: December 2021

Pain is a complex phenomenon, the experience of which varies widely across individuals. At worst, chronic pain can lead to anxiety and depression. Cost-effective strategies are urgently needed to improve the treatment of pain, and thus we propose a novel home-based pain measurement system for the longitudinal monitoring of pain experience and variation in different patients with chronic low back pain. The autonomous nervous system and audio-visual features are analyzed from heart rate signals, voice characteristics and facial expressions using a unique measurement protocol. Self-reporting is utilized for the follow-up of changes in pain intensity, induced by well-designed physical maneuvers, and for studying the consecutive trends in pain. We describe the study protocol, including hospital measurements and questionnaires and the implementation of the home measurement devices. We also present different methods for analyzing the multimodal data: electroencephalography, audio, video and heart rate. Our intention is to provide new insights using technical methodologies that will be beneficial in the future not only for patients with low back pain but also patients suffering from any chronic pain.
Analysis of the Educational Poverty in Spain by Subjects, Regions and Gender
Authors: Sánchez-Antón María-del-Carmen , Badillo-Amador Rosa , Marco-Gil María-del-Carmen , LLinares-Ciscar Juan-Vicente , Álvarez-Díez Susana , Sánchez-García Juan-Francisco
Published: December 2021

Quality education is a key factor to improve people’s lives and to achieve sustainable development. Using data from PISA 2009, 2012 and 2015, in this paper the level of educational poverty of the Spanish regions is calculated by applying the Adjusted Bourguignon Chakravarty index, $$B{C}^{a}$$

B

C

a

(Sánchez-García et al. in Soc Indicat Res 145(2): 479–501). A descriptive analysis of the differences in educational poverty by gender and the contribution of each region and subject to the national level of educational poverty is also provided. This information could certainly be considered a starting point to tackle educational poverty in Spain.
Deciphering Solar Magnetic Activity: 140 Years of the ‘Extended Solar Cycle’ – Mapping the Hale Cycle
Authors: McIntosh Scott W. , Leamon Robert J. , Egeland Ricky , Dikpati Mausumi , Altrock Richard C. , Banerjee Dipankar , Chatterjee Subhamoy , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Velli Marco
Published: December 2021

We investigate the occurrence of the “extended solar cycle” (ESC) as it occurs in a host of observational data spanning 140 years. Investigating coronal, chromospheric, photospheric, and interior diagnostics, we develop a consistent picture of solar activity migration linked to the 22-year Hale (magnetic) cycle using superposed epoch analysis (SEA) and previously identified Hale cycle termination events as the key time for the SEA. Our analysis shows that the ESC and Hale cycle, as highlighted by the terminator-keyed SEA, is strongly recurrent throughout the entire observational record studied, some 140 years. Applying the same SEA method to the sunspot record confirms that Maunder’s butterfly pattern is a subset of the underlying Hale cycle, strongly suggesting that the production of sunspots is not the fundamental feature of the Hale cycle, but the ESC is. The ESC (and Hale cycle) pattern highlights the importance of $55^{\circ }$

55
∘

latitude in the evolution, and possible production, of solar magnetism.
Point process simulation of generalised inverse Gaussian processes and estimation of the Jaeger integral
Authors: Godsill Simon , Kındap Yaman
Published: December 2021

In this paper novel simulation methods are provided for the generalised inverse Gaussian (GIG) Lévy process. Such processes are intractable for simulation except in certain special edge cases, since the Lévy density associated with the GIG process is expressed as an integral involving certain Bessel functions, known as the Jaeger integral in diffusive transport applications. We here show for the first time how to solve the problem indirectly, using generalised shot-noise methods to simulate the underlying point processes and constructing an auxiliary variables approach that avoids any direct calculation of the integrals involved. The resulting augmented bivariate process is still intractable and so we propose a novel thinning method based on upper bounds on the intractable integrand. Moreover, our approach leads to lower and upper bounds on the Jaeger integral itself, which may be compared with other approximation methods. The shot noise method involves a truncated infinite series of decreasing random variables, and as such is approximate, although the series are found to be rapidly convergent in most cases. We note that the GIG process is the required Brownian motion subordinator for the generalised hyperbolic (GH) Lévy process and so our simulation approach will straightforwardly extend also to the simulation of these intractable processes. Our new methods will find application in forward simulation of processes of GIG and GH type, in financial and engineering data, for example, as well as inference for states and parameters of stochastic processes driven by GIG and GH Lévy processes.
A study of the phosphorylation proteomic skin characteristics of Tan sheep during the newborn and er-mao stages
Authors: Chen Yonghong , He Dongqian , Li Yachao , Luo Fang , Zhang Meng , Wang Junkui , Chen Liyao , Tao Jinzhong
Published: December 2021

In this experiment, in order to study the formation mechanism of the lamb fur of Tan sheep, skin samples were collected from Tan sheep at the newborn and er-mao stages. Then, the phosphorylated proteomes of the skin samples of Tan sheep at the two different stages were compared and analyzed using a TMT labeled quantitative phosphorylation proteomic technique. A total of 2806 phosphorylated proteins were identified, including 8184 phosphorylation sites. The results of this study’s quantitative analysis showed that when compared with the skin samples at the er-mao stage, the phosphorylation levels of 171 sites had been upregulated in the skin samples at newborn stage. Meanwhile, 125 sites had been downregulated at the same stage. As shown by the results of the functional enrichment analysis of the differentially phosphorylated proteins, they had been mainly enriched in the cysteine and methionine metabolism. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of KAP4.7 and KAP13.1 had also varied during the different skin stages. These results indicated that the cysteine metabolism pathways, as well as the phosphorylation modifications of the keratin associated proteins in the skin, played important roles in the formation of the er-mao stage fur of the Tan sheep. Therefore, the findings of this study provided a new angle for interpreting the formation mechanism of er-mao stage fur properties.
Gender Stereotyping of Robotic Systems in Eldercare: An Exploratory Analysis of Ethical Problems and Possible Solutions
Authors: Weßel Merle , Ellerich-Groppe Niklas , Schweda Mark
Published: December 2021

Socio psychological studies show that gender stereotypes play an important role in human-robot interaction. However, they may have various morally problematic implications and consequences that need ethical consideration, especially in a sensitive field like eldercare. Against this backdrop, we conduct an exploratory ethical analysis of moral issues of gender stereotyping in robotics for eldercare. The leading question is what moral problems and conflicts can arise from gender stereotypes in care robots for older people and how we should deal with them. We first provide an overview on the state of empirical research regarding gender stereotyping in human-robot interaction and the special field of care robotics for older people. Starting from a principlist approach, we then map possible moral problems and conflicts with regard to common ethical principles of autonomy, care, and justice. We subsequently consider possible solutions for the development and implementation of morally acceptable robots for eldercare, focusing on three different strategies: explanation, neutralization, and queering of care robots. Finally, we discuss potentials and problems associated with these three strategies and conclude that especially the queering of robotics and the idea of a gender-fluid robot offers an innovative outlook that deserves closer ethical, social, and technological examination.
Energy storage systems for drilling rigs
Authors: Chupin Evgeniy , Frolov Konstantin , Korzhavin Maxim , Zhdaneev Oleg
Published: December 2021

Energy storage systems are an important component of the energy transition, which is currently planned and launched in most of the developed and developing countries. The article outlines development of an electric energy storage system for drilling based on electric-chemical generators. Description and generalization are given for the main objectives for this system when used on drilling rigs isolated within a single pad, whether these are fed from diesel gensets, gas piston power plants, or 6–10 kV HV lines. The article studies power operating modes of drilling rigs, provides general conclusions and detailed results for one of more than fifty pads. Based on the research, a generic architecture of the energy storage module is developed, and an engineering prototype is built. The efficiency of using a hybrid energy accumulation design is proven; the design calls for joint use of Li-ion cells and supercapacitors, as well as three-level inverters, to control the storage system. The article reviews all possible options for connecting the system into a unified rig power circuit, and the optimum solution is substantiated. The research into the rig operating modes and engineering tests yielded a simplified mathematical model of an energy storage unit integrated into the power circuit of a drilling rig. The model is used to forecast the payoff period of the system for various utilization options and rig operating modes. The findings of this study can help to better understand which type of storage system is the most efficient for energy systems with temporary high load peaks, like drilling rigs.
Ecological connectivity of the marine protected area network in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak: Current knowledge and management needs
Authors: Berkström Charlotte , Wennerström Lovisa , Bergström Ulf
Published: December 2021

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a key component of conservation and fisheries management to alleviate anthropogenic pressures. For MPA networks to efficiently promote persistence and recovery of populations, ecological connectivity, i.e. dispersal and movement of organisms and material across ecosystems, needs to be taken into account. To improve the ecological coherence of MPA networks, there is hence a need to evaluate the connectivity of species spreading through active migration and passive dispersal. We reviewed knowledge on ecological connectivity in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak in the northeast Atlantic and present available information on species-specific dispersal and migration distances. Studies on genetic connectivity are summarised and discussed in relation to dispersal-based analyses. Threats to ecological connectivity, limiting dispersal of populations and lowering the resilience to environmental change, were examined. Additionally, a review of studies evaluating the ecological coherence of MPA networks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak was performed, and suggestions for future evaluations to meet management needs are presented.
The Dichotomized States of Shame in the Scholastic Buddhism
Authors: Sun Hao
Published: December 2021

Shame is by and large dichotomized into hrī and (vy)apatrāpya in the Buddhist context. In the Sarvāstivāda and Yogācāra scholasticism, both hrī (in Chinese translation: 慚 cán) and (vy)apatrāpya (in Chinese translation: 愧 kuì) are subsumed under the wholesome (kuśala) states (dharmas). In this paper, firstly, previous studies and the etymologies of the two terms above will be closely reviewed; secondly, the exposition and contrast of hrī and (vy)apatrāpya between the Sarvāstivāda and Yogācāra will be minutely contextualized; thirdly, the merit of possessing dichotomized states of shame will be thoroughly investigated. Central to my research is a glimpse of the scholastic Indian Buddhist sophistication, exemplified by two kinds of shame, as well as the initial consideration of hrī and (vy)apatrāpya in the context of shame, guilt, and conscience in the Anglophone philosophy, while also taking their association with Buddhist morality (śīla) and concentration (samādhi) into account.
Sexual Activity and Related Factors of Older Women in Hunan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Ting , Luo Yang , Meng Yanting , Yue Jing , Nie Ming , Fan Ling , Tong Chenxi
Published: December 2021

Background

Sexuality has an important impact on people’s physical and mental health, but current research on the sexual activity of older Chinese women has many limitations and more detailed studies are needed.

Aim

The objective was to determine the prevalence of sexual activity and related factors in women aged 55 to 85 years in Hunan, China.

Methods

Based on the data from the Hunan Provincial Women Health Needs Survey in 2018, we conducted a secondary analysis of 2,401 older women aged 55 and above. The dependent variable was sexual activity, and independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, reproductive and chronic medical history, and psychological characteristics. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between categorical variables, and binary logistic regression was used to examine factors related to sexual activity.

Outcomes

Sexual activity and related factors.

Results

The prevalence of sexual activity among older women was 12.5% (301/2401) in the past month. Having a partner (OR = 1.484; 95% CI, 1.048-2.101; P = .026), jogging (OR = 2.061; 95% CI, 1.391-3.054; P < .001), dancing (OR = 1.477; 95% CI, 1.106-1.974; P = .008), vegetarian-based diet (OR = 2.197; 95% CI, 1.334-3.618; P = .002), meat-based diet (OR = 2.196; 95% CI, 1.144-4.216; P = .018) were positively associated with being sexually active. Whereas, aging (OR = 0.781; 95% CI, 0.647-0.942; P = .010), living in the urban (OR = 0.628; 95% CI, 0.488-0.808; P < .001), hypertension (OR = 0.702; 95% CI, 0.520-0.949; P = .021), and anxiety (OR = 0.680; 95% CI, 0.475-0.972; P = .034) were negatively associated with being sexually active.

Clinical Implications

Health care workers need to be aware that older women still have sexual activity and understand the needs of older women for sex education, take the initiative to discuss safe sex with them, and solve their sexual problems.

Strengths and Limitations

This is one of the largest studies to determine the prevalence of sexual activity among older women in China and its related factors. In addition, new factors such as exercise types and eating habits related to sexual activity were discovered. The limitation of this study is that it did not use a specific questionnaire to assess the sexual activity and did not consider physical tenderness other than sexual intercourse.

Conclusions

Some older women still have had sexual activity in the past month and factors such as lifestyles that can be changed and chronic diseases that can be self-managed were found to predict sexual activity.
Prevalence and risk factors of the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hosen Ismail , al-Mamun Firoj , Mamun Mohammed A.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic affects people's psychological well-being as well as their risk of physical complications. Under the circumstance, it is essential to synthesize the existing evidence on psychological consequences with a view to fostering policymaking. Thus, a systematic attempt was compiled to review the Bangladeshi literature related to common mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, and stress) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed using Medline or PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, PsyArxiv, MedRxiv, and ResearchGate, between 20 December 2020 and 5 March 2021, followed by predetermined eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria for this review were observational studies involving at least one mental health problem (i.e. stress, depression, and anxiety) published in peer-reviewed journals or preprint servers in the English language after the inception of the pandemic in Bangladesh. The pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 47% (95% CI 39–55%, I2 = 99.14%), 47% (95% CI 39–54%, I2 = 99.78%), and 44% (95% CI 30–58%, I2 = 99.36%), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that students were experiencing a higher rate of depression, anxiety, and stress than general people and healthcare professionals. The associated risk factors of mental health problems were gender, age, residence area, family size, monthly family income, educational status, marital status, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol use, fear of COVID-19, presence of chronic illness, unemployment status, and exposure to COVID-19-related news and social media. This systematic review provides baseline data on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress across various Bangladeshi cohorts, which are anticipated to be helpful to the respective authorities for implementing cohort-specific mental health strategies.
Fluid dynamics of frozen precipitation at the air–water interface
Authors: Vahab Mehdi , Murphy David , Shoele Kourosh
Published: December 2021

Precipitation in the forms of snow, hail, and rain plays a critical role in the exchange of mass, momentum and heat at the surfaces of lakes and seas. However, the microphysics of these interactions are not well understood. Motivated by recent observations, we study the physics of the impact of a single frozen canonical particle, such as snow and hail, onto the surface of a liquid bath using a numerical model. The descent, melting, bubble formation and thermal transport characteristics of this system are examined. Three distinct response regimes, namely particle impact, ice melting and vortex ring descent, have been identified and characterized. The melting rate and air content of the snow particle are found to be leading factors affecting the formation of a coherent vortex ring, the vertical descent of melted liquid and the vortex-induced transportation of the released gas bubble to lower depths. It is found that the water temperature can substantially alter the rate of phase change and subsequent flow and thermal transport, while the particle temperature has minimal effect on the process. Finally, the effects of the Reynolds, Weber and Stefan numbers are examined and it is shown that the Reynolds number modifies the strength of the vortex ring and induces the most significant effect on the flow dynamics of the snow particle. Also, the change of Weber number primarily alters the initial phases of snow–bath interaction while modifying the Stefan number of the snow particle essentially determines the system response in its later stages.