bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge Concerning Cardiogenic Shock for Patients' in Cardiac Care Unit at Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: Al-Ganmi Ali Hussein Alek
Published: April 2023

Background: The contemporary in hospital mortality rate for cardiogenic shock remains extremely high. Cardiogenic Shock can occur as a result of a wide variety of cardiac disorders, Including ACS, valvular disease, myocardial and pericardial disease, congenital lesions, and mechanical injuries to the heart.
Objective(s): The study objectives are to assess of nurses' knowledge concerning cardiogenic shock for patients in the Cardiac Care Unit at public teaching hospitals and to finding out the relationship between the nurse's Knowledge and the demographic characteristics that includes (age, gender, level of education, years of experience, and training session).
Methodology: A descriptive study which was using the quantitative design. The study was conducted at the Medical City/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital; In-Alnafes Teaching Hospital, and Ibn-Albettar Teaching Hospital starting in November 15th 2012 up to the March 30th 2013. To achieve the objectives of the study, A non-probability (purposive) samples of (50) a nurse who was consisted of all nurses who provide nursing care for patients which suffering from various cardiac diseases including cardiogenic shock and according to special criteria. Data were collected by an application of direct interview as a means of data collection. Nurses were interviewed while they are working in the cardiac care unit during the day. Instrument validity was determined through content validity, by a panel of experts. Reliability of the instrument was determined through detected of Cronbach's alpha via split half technique on sample of (10) nurses, which was (0.74). Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean of score, Relative sufficiency) and inferential statistics, significance and correlation coefficient.
Results: The results of the study indicated the evaluation of the mean of scores and relative sufficiency for nurse's knowledge regarding cardiogenic shock for patients in the cardiac care unit was out of comparison and there is no significant association between training session of sample and nurses' knowledge. While there is high significant association between ages, gender, level of education, years of experience in cardiac care unit and nurses' knowledge.
Conclusion: The study concluded most of nurses that work in cardiac care unit have high knowledge about cardiogenic shock in some questions.
Recommendations: The study emphasize that hospitals and health organizations should be applying flexible and responsible steps to facilitate passages for better level for junior nurses and those who need high graduated level to improve their skills and knowledge towards nursing care of patients with cardiogenic shock, as well as the nature of cardiogenic shock.
Assessment of Congestive Heart Failure Patients Knowledge and Compliance in Kirkuk
Authors: Mahmood Saad Ahmed , Kumait Abid Salih
Published: April 2023

Background: Heart failure is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in people aged above 65years. Year after year, heart failure (HF) affects and kills an increasingly large number of people, the nurses educating of Heart Failure patients about diagnosis and treatment of their diseases have fewer hospital readmissions and a better quality of life.
Objectives: In order to assessment patients knowledge and compliance with congestive heart failure in Kirkuk city. as well as to find out the relationship between patients knowledge and some as age and gender, residence, educational level.
Methodology: A descriptive study of a quantitative design was conducted in Kirkuk hospitals( Kirkuk generalhospital, Azadi teaching hospital and Dakuk hospital) through out the period of 1st of June 2012 to 31st of July2013. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (75) patients who admitted to Cardiac care units and ward ofinternal medicine at ( Kirkuk general hospital, Azadi teaching hospital and Dakuk hospital). In order to collect thestudy information, a questionnaire was constructed. The questionnaire which contain of (54) items. Demographicdata include (9) items, knowledge of the Patients include (36) items, practice of the Patients include (9) items.3-likert scale option was used in the rating scale as: (3) for yes, (2) for uncertain, and (1) for no. Content validity was determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of (10) experts Frequencies and percentage were used to describe and to analyze the data the present study and inferential statistical data analysis (chi-square).
Results: The findings of the study indicate that a high percentage 56% of patients was of four age group (51-and more) years. Its also appears that more than half (61%) of patients was male. With regard to their educationallevel, a high percentage (37%) of less than secondary school. The data indicate that (60%) were married. It hadbeen noted that the majority of patients (70%) were retired. As for address, it is obvious that a high percentage(62%) of the patients were in the city. The data indicates that the most of these patients (72%) were had chronicdiseases. The data analysis revealed that a high percentage (72%) of the patients were use medications. Its alsoappears that (53%) were no smoking.
Conclusions: A socio demographic characteristic tends to have clearly effect on the knowledge of the patientsand nursing staff, also the study concluded high percentage of patients have poor knowledge and practiceabout disease, while nurses staff have poor knowledge and need to update about congestive heart failure.
Recommendation: According to the results of the study, the study recommended the following items, concentratesshould be on the health education for our society who may be had risk factors to heart diseases, more studiesconducting about heart disease.
The feasibility of closed reduction by emergency physicians with the aid of remote consultation in pediatric closed diaphyseal forearm fractures
Authors: Özel Mehmet , Altıntaş Mustafa , Şenadam Mehmet , Sarı Hıdır , Araç Songül
Published: April 2023

Objective: Still, conservative management is usually preferred for treating pediatric closed diaphyseal forearm fractures in the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of closed reduction by Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians with the aid of remote consultation by Orthopedic Surgeons (OS) in pediatric closed diaphyseal forearm fractures.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a single-center, retrospective, observational study in 112 pediatric patients (age less than 14 years) with closed diaphyseal forearm fractures at a tertiary pediatric trauma center. Patients were either treated by EM physicians with remote consultation by OS or by OS. Door-to-reduction time was calculated as the time between the ED admission time and post-reduction plain radiograph recording time.
Results: The mean age of 112 patients was 8.6 ± 3.0 years. 37 (33.0%) patients were treated by EM physicians and were discharged from ED. Orthopedic surgeons treated 75 (67.0%) patients. The angulation averages of post-reduction of all fractures were not statistically significantly different between emergency medicine physicians and orthopedic surgeons (p> 0.05). The average door-to-reduction time (minutes) (ADRT) for all fractures among the 8 years and the younger group was statistically significantly lower in the EM physicians (16.6*1.7) than in the OS (32.2*6.4) groups (MWU=527.5*0.001). The ADRT for all fractures in the older than 8 years group was significantly lower in the EM physicians (16.7±2.1) than in the OS (35.5±4.6) groups (MWU=406.0, p<0.001).
Conclusion: EM physicians are able to perform an acceptable reduction with residual angulation degrees and fracture alignment of pediatric closed diaphyseal forearm fractures with the aid of remote consultation by OS.
“Endo-Oral Contrast-Puffing CT” in Pneumoparotitis: A Case Report
Authors: Caudo Danilo , Santalco Alessandro , Cammaroto Simona , Anfuso Carmelo , Zullo Ylenia , Cacopardi Daniele , Lo Monte Vincenzo , Benedetto Caterina , Benedetto Caterina , Militi Annalisa , Smorto Chiara , Italiano Fabio , Barbaro Ugo , Salamone Ignazio
Published: April 2023

This case report aims to introduce pneumoparotitis and the correct execution of CT examination to ensure a proper diagnosis. A 45-year-old male presented several times to the ER with Oedema of the left parotid region and neck, along with crackles on palpation. This symptomatology raised suspicion of an inflammatory pathology complicated with abscesses of the parotid gland or a pneumomediastinum due to a traumatic lesion of the airways or oesophagus. Several imaging examinations, such as ultrasound and neck-chest CT, were performed for this suspicion without a correct diagnosis. The use of endo-oral contrast with “puffing” was useful in diagnosing pneumo-parotitis. Therefore, we believe that this procedure could be helpful in the future.

Pneumoparotitis is a pathology caused by incontinence of the Stenone duct which determines the reflux of saliva and air into the gland predisposing to the onset of recurrent infections. This pathology is characterized by swelling and subcutaneous emphysema of the parotid region.

Adequate knowledge of pneumoparotitis and the correct execution of the CT examination is essential to demonstrate the incontinence of the Stenone duct to be able to exclude emergencies such as abscesses, air-gas infections, and traumatic lesions of the airways and oesophagus.
REDUCING THE LARVAL PERIOD OF MULBERRY SILKWORM IN LINES WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree in Agricultural Sciences, DSc Student  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Кhudjamatov S.Kh. , Nasirillaev B.N. ,   Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of Laboratory  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture
Published: April 2023

Mulberry silkworms have been domesticated by people over 5,000 years and have been used for human needs. This insect is considered a convenient object for scientific research in terms of its feeding, breeding and reproduction. Conscious selection of the best individuals of the silkworm by man leads to variability of their signs and properties. The mulberry silkworm belongs to the group of metamorphosed insects and goes through four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa and moth. The larvae of wild worms found in the countries such as Japan, China and India, where silkworm breeding is developed, the leaf-eating period lasts 45-60 days, while monovoltin and bivoltin breeds begin to cocoon in 30-35 days. In our republic, there are only breeds belonging to the monovolt group, which are used during four seasons of feeding, during late feeding, the eggs of silkworm are revived by means of artificial acid treatment. This article closely reviews the length of the larval stage of the mulberry silkworm in two different selection lines. According to the findings from the selection "Lines 500" and "Lines 501", the total worm cycle lasted 23,7–24, 2 days, which was found to be superior to comparable breeds. The creation of mulberry silkworm breeds with high silkiness and early maturing stage can be economically beneficial.
STUDY OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES DURING STORAGE OF LIVE COCOONS IN VARIOUS WAYS
Authors:   PhD in Technical Sciences, Laboratory manager  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Umarov S.F. , Zhabborov H.Kh. ,   Senior Researcher  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture
Published: April 2023

The article presents findings from experimental studies carried out in the industrial conditions to determine the rate of temperature change in various layers of cocoons when they are kept on the floor in bulk, in containers of a new design, which represents scientific and practical interest. Certain disadvantages of the existing method of storing the living cocoons have been observed. The ways of preventing self-heating of cocoons in the existing way of their storage are indicated. The findings show that when live cocoons are kept in containers of a new design, they can be stored for 2-3 days without shoveling and overheat to the extent that is considered acceptable in given storage methods. Application of the findings allows preserving the quality indicators of cocoons, which is an important indicator for making high-quality raw silk, which contributes to raise economic potential of the republic.
SYNTHESIS AND RESEARCH OF CATALYSTS FOR GAS DESULFURIZATION PROCESSES
Authors:   PhD in Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher  Center for Advanced Technologies under the Ministry of Innovation the Republic of Uzbekistan, Isayeva N.F. , Mansurova М. ,   Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Head of Laboratory  Uzbek Scientific Research Chemical-Pharmaceutical Institute, Teshabayev Z.A. ,   Candidate of Technical Sciences  Uzbek Scientific Research ChemicalPharmaceutical Institute, Yalgashev E.Ya. ,   Junior Researcher  Uzbek Scientific Research ChemicalPharmaceutical Institute, Annenkova А.А. ,   Laboratory Assistant  Uzbek Scientific Research ChemicalPharmaceutical Institute, Iskandarov N.E. ,   Junior Researcher  Center for Advanced Technologies under the Ministry of Innovation the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

The aim of the research – this article discusses findings from the experiments on the synthesis of catalysts in the protective layer and improvement of the technology for preparing catalysts using available raw materials. Evaluation of their efficiency in the processes of removing sulfur, oxygen and elemental mercury compounds from gas streams. For the synthesis of a catalyst of the protective layer, aluminum hydroxide of the pseudoboehmite modification was used, which had been obtained by processing of the wastes from the Shurtan gas-chemical complex manufacture – an alumina adsorbent after its use in the process of purifying a polyethylene solution. As a result of a series of comparative analyzes, it was found that the catalysts of the protective layer synthesized using pseudoboehmite obtained by processing of alumina waste completely satisfy the strength criterion, possess a set of physicochemical properties required for dehumidification of gas syrup from hydrogen sulfide and other harmful impurities, when the interaction of SO2 and H2 S in the ratio typical for the Mubarek gas processing plant. The most active and selective catalyst in the production of sulfur was exhibited by the Claus process catalyst.
THE TECHNIQUE FOR EXPLORING BASIC CONCEPTS OF LINGUOCULTUROLOGY
Authors:   Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher  Uzbek State University of World Languages, Kim O.A. , Lvova I.S. ,   Associate Professor, Senior Researcher  Uzbek State University of World Languages, Elkin D.Yu. ,   Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Senior Researcher  Uzbek State University of World Languages
Published: April 2023

The article contains a brief overview of the types of classes using interactive methods and techniques in teaching the Korean language, in particular, the study of the basic concepts of cultural linguistics, as well as guidelines for determining the cognitive capabilities of students, who become not only observers, but also active participants in linguistic and linguistic cultural experiments. Along with this, the article analyzes “educational activities in which students learn, primarily through independent active work.” The process of developing lessons is fascinating and instructive, since the result is always interesting, and in some cases it can be quite unexpected. The teacher was given the following tasks: to understand how useful the basic concepts of cultural linguistics are for studying such areas of Korean studies as language, literature, history, etc.; to study the issue of the prospects of the proposed structure of the linguoculturological dictionary, to identify additional requirements for the linguoculturological dictionary in the aspect of students’ knowledge
ESSENTIAL DIDACTIC PARAMETERS OF THE CONTENT OF A GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDEPENDENT THINKING COMPETENCE WITH STUDENTS
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in Geographical Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor, Scientific Secretary  Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Musaev J. P.
Published: April 2023

This article describes the essential role and value of textbooks in the development of an independent-thinking competence with students in the process of teaching social sciences and humanities in the secondary education schools, which represent one of the major factors determining the content of education. The pedagogical and psychological principles outlined in the textbooks are highlighted as a crucial element in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of teaching social sciences and humanities. It is also noted, that in achieving a desired result, existing didactic parameters should be taken into account when creating the content of social sciences and humanities. Recommendations are given for forming the content of a school textbook with an emphasis on the development of independent thinking skills with students.
OBTAINING AND PROPERTIES OF THE IMPLANT FILM MADE WITH CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE CONTAINING SILVER NANOPARTICLES USED FOR TREATMENT OF BURN WOUNDS
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor  Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Sarymsakov A. A. , Yunusov Kh. E. ,   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Project manager  Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Jalilov J. Z. ,   Junior Researcher  Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Saburova D. Sh. ,   Junior Researcher  Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Fayazov А. Dj. ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor  Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kamilov U. R. ,   PhD  Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

This article studies feasibilities of making an implant-film for treatment of burn wound, based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized by sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) with degrees of substitution (DS) 0.65-0.90 and polymerization (DP) 200-600 synthesized using a photochemical method. The structural, physical and chemical, and physicalmechanical, burn wound healing properties as well as antimicrobial effects of implant-films containing the Na-CMC and AgNPs have been investigated. The shape, quantity, and size of the AgNPs embedded into the Na-CMC films were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the increase of silver nitrate concentration in solution of Na-CMC followed by photoirradiation leads to changes of AgNPs size and shape. It was found out that Na-CMC films containing AgNPs in the size ranging from 5 to 35 nm had enhanced the microbicide effects and burn wound healing properties within 14 days.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF STABILIZED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES IN THE SOLUTION OF SODIUM-CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
Authors:   Junior Researcher , Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan, Turakulov Foziljon , Yunusov Haydar ,   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher , Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan, Sarymsakov Abdushukur ,   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor , Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan, Mullajanova Sapura ,   Junior Researcher , Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan, Rashidova Sayyora ,   Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Academician  Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics Academy of Science of the Republic Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

This work explores feasibilities of forming selenium nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes by means of chemical reduction from a solution of sodium selenite salt of different concentrations in a polymer matrix of purified sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose with the degrees of substitution and polymerization (0.97; 810, accordingly); and determines reaction conditions. It has been experimentally proven that negatively charged carboxyl groups (-СН2СОО-) in the macromolecules of sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose interact with selenium ions to form polymer-metal complexes. Homogenous stable selenium nanoparticles with dimensions of 60–90 nm were synthesized in purified sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose solutions, and optimal conditions for synthesis have been determined. Physicochemical research methods have been applied in order to study the properties of solution of sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose containing stable selenium nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. In particular, the research has made use of physicochemical methods such as IRFure spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer analysis (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The shape and size of the selenium nanoparticles formed in the polymer matrix were studied using the AFM research method. Crystal level of selenium nanoparticles was determined by the X-ray structural analysis method. The chemical bonds formed in the synthesized polymer metal complex [Se(С5H7O4 -CH2OCH2COO)4 ]4-n were determined by IR-fure spectroscopy studies. The size of the selenium particles formed in the polymer matrix was determined by the dynamic light scattering method.
LONG-TERM FORECAST OF FLOW DYNAMICS IN THE CHIRCHIK RIVER BASIN IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   PhD, Associate Professor , National Research University “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation Engineers and Mechanization of Agriculture” Department “Operation of Irrigation Systems, Gaffarov Husen , Ungalov Akmal ,   Chief Specialist of the Department of Innovative Development of Clusters and economics of the copper industry , Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Bao Anmin ,   Head of Xinjiang Remote Sensing Center, PhD, Professor  ,Xinjiang Institute Ecology and Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Olimjonov Nodir ,   Master’s Student , National Research University “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation Engineers and Mechanization of Agriculture” Department “Operation of Irrigation Systems”
Published: April 2023

Assessing the impact of the past and future climatic differences on the runoff dynamics in river basins is important in view to ensure sustainable agricultural output in the future, as well as to reduce the impact of climate change on the environment. This situation requires urgent and concerted action in several areas: technology, infrastructure, policy, economics, ecology and environment. The study assesses the impact of changing precipitation intensity on the flow dynamics of the Chirchik River based on the Global Circulation Model (GCM) for 2030, 2050 and 2070 using the delta approach method under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The study findings convincingly show changes in flow dynamics in the Chirchik River basin in the short and long term perspectives. This study will be useful information to ensure sustainable agricultural productivity and food security in the Chirchik basin in response to climate change, as well as to develop a mechanism for operational water management to protect the environment, improve the social status of society and achieve economic sustainability in the region.
MAIN SPECIES OF SPIDER MITES (TETRANYCHIDAE), TYPICAL SPECIES OF THEIR ENTOMOPHAGES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION LEVEL IN SEED FRUIT GARDENS
Authors:   Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Director  The Scientific Research Institute of Plant Quarantine and Protection, Anorbayev A. R. , Rahmanov A. X. ,   Basic Doctoral Student  Tashkent State Agrarian University
Published: April 2023

The article conducted research on the main species of spiders (Tetranychidae) in seed orchards and monitored their occurrence rates. In the study, areas affected mainly by canals were isolated and monitored throughout the season. Initially, the channels collected in 2019–2022 were compared with each other, and their types were systematically clarified. According to it, the meeting rates were determined for canals, apple, pear, and quince trees, which are numerous and highly harmful. There are 6 types of canals in seed orchards. In orchards, the species mainly belong to the family of spiders (Tetranychidae). These include the apple red beetle (Panonychus ulmi Koch), the hawthorn beetle (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher), the brown fruit beetle (Bryobia redikorzevi Rech), the common spider (Tetranychus urticae Koch), the garden spider (Schizotetranychus pruni Oudms), the Tetranychus turkestan (Tetranychus turkestani Ug. Et Nik), was observed. As a result of the analysis of the natural cousins of the canals, 9 types of cousins were recorded. The most common of these species are phytoseyulus, nabius, orius candela, stertorous beetle, and metaseyulus entomophagous. Based on the results obtained, conclusions and recommendations are given.
PROSPECTS FOR IDENTIFYING FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY OF EXPORTS MADE BY BUSINESS ENTITIES
Authors:   Senior Teacher  University of Journalism and Mass Communication of Uzbekistan, Mamasoatov D. R.
Published: April 2023

The article reviews factors influencing effectiveness of the development of exports made by business entities. Moreover, determination of the growth in the share of exports of business entities in the total exports of the region by 2025 is relevant in the forecast of the volume of exports of business entities of the Samarkand region for 2019-2025. As a result, if the area of irrigated land (X1) is increased by 1%, the gross regional product (G2) will increase by 1.612%, if the area of rainfed land (X2) is increased by 1%, the gross regional product (G2) will decrease by 0.12%, as well as should the volume of industrial production (X5) increase by 1%, the gross regional product (G2 ) increasses by 0.594% and the number of enterprises exporting agricultural products (X8) increase by 1%, the gross regional product (G2) increases by 0.628%. In general, the efficiency of exports is growing, and enterprises can strengthen their positions in the international market and create more competitive atmosphere than their competitors.
SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CLEANING OF SURFACES OF SOLAR PHOTO PANELS
Authors:   Academician, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor  ,Institute of Energy Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Zakhidov R. , Zakhidov N. ,   Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Alternative Energy Sources  ,Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the use of renewable energy sources. It provides a comparative analysis of existing non-traditional energy sources, one of which is a photoelectric converter of solar energy into electrical one. In addition, the article highlights issues of increasing their efficiency and the main factors affecting a conversion index. Existing modern methods and devices for cleaning optical surfaces of photovoltaic panels have been reviewed, which enabled proposing the design of mechanical and electric parts of a device for cleaning photovoltaic panels, as well as a block diagram of the electronic part.
SELECTION OF GEAR TOOTH MATERIAL BASED ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor  Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Irgashev A. I. , Irgashev B. A. ,   Doctor of Philosophy in Technical Sciences (PhD)  Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov
Published: April 2023

This article reviews a method for selecting a gear material based on the wear resistance properties of teeth. The approach takes such properties as hardness, number of loading cycles leading the destruction a deformed layer of friction surface material and correlation of hardness of gear material and strength of abrasive particles in wedgeshaped gap of teeth, into account. The research has maintained principles of alteration of the wear rates and service life of open and closed gears, with and without abrasive particles in the process of gear teeth wear, depending on the meshing module and the type of hardening surface treatment, at volume hardening, hardening by current of high frequency and cementation.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANGLE OF ENTRY OF THE LOOKING PAW INTO THE SOIL ON ITS DRIVING RESISTANCE
Authors:   Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor  Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Khudoyberdiev T. S. , Abdumannopov A. M. ,   Basic Doctoral Student  Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
Published: April 2023

In the aisles of seedlings of fruit trees in new orchards, it is possible to receive additional income within 5-8 years by sowing and growing various vegetable and gourd crops, however, most farms do not use this opportunity. The reason for this is that in order to prepare for sowing, the soil plowed in early spring in the passages of gardens should be loosened, clods should be crushed, the surface - leveled and irrigation furrows - cut. When performing these works, at present, each technological process needs a separate passage of the corresponding agricultural unit. However, this leads to an increase in labor, time and energy costs. Considering the foregoing, this article presents findings from a research into the development of a design for a combined unit that performs a range of works, in one go, on preparing the soil for sowing when growing vegetable and gourd crops in the garden passages, as well as determining some parameters of the working bodies of this unit. In particular, a method for determining an optimal angle of entry into the soil of the loosening paw of the developed unit and the traction resistance of this working body is shown. As a result of the research, in view of effective and high-quality operation of the unit, the optimal angle of entry of the loosening paw into the soil was worked out as αmax = 25...35o, as well as the traction resistance of this working body – as R = 320...400 N, while, the values of the width of the paw and the depth of tillage are taken equal, respectively b = 0.04...0.06 m, h = 0.15 m.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET OF TRANSPORT AND CARGO SERVICES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Doctor of Engineering (DcS), Acting Professor of the Department “Transport and cargo systems”  Tashkent State Transport University, Mukhamedova Z. G.
Published: April 2023

The article assesses the state of the transport and cargo services market in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as it reviews an issue of a scientific rationale of an optimal placement of cargo facilities in the republic. The analysis of the problems in transport services shows that freight traffic flows have spread out, negative trends have manifested themselves in a form of a regular growth of the cost of fuel and energy resources, tightening of regulatory requirements, growth of customs duties, sanctions in the form of a cancellation of previously introduced benefits, and more. However, such indicators of the rail freight transportation as a speed of container transportation and average travel time are stable in the rail traffic, i.e. diversification of the cargo base and a tendency to full capacity use take place. The article makes use of scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, classification, mathematical statistics. A roadmap of qualitative transformations from reorganization of the transport and cargo industry is being proposed, which will lead to positive results for the transport infrastructure as a whole. The research findings will further reveal capabilities of terminal networks which are expected to ensure prompt deliveries of large volumes of required cargos to domestic and foreign markets, smooth functioning of the infrastructure that is needed for the placement of cargo facilities on the railway network. The focus of the study is the state of the transport infrastructure and its decisive role in trade.
ALGORITHM OF ROAD SIGN RECOGNITION FROM DYNAMIC IMAGES USING GRAPHIC PROCESSORS
Authors:   Assistant of the Department of «Software Engineering» , Samarkand branch of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, Umarov M.
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the problem of identifying and classifying road signs based on the You Only Look Once algorithm using modern artificial intelligence technologies. The software package will help to reduce traffic accidents on the territory of Uzbekistan, to provide drivers with visual information about the road infrastructure, to create a database of road signs. This software package was implemented in real time on Nvidia Jetson Nano graphics processors and mobile devices through images taken from a video surveillance camera. A set of methods, algorithms and software for the detection, separation and recognition of road signs in images using artificial intelligence technology has been developed. This software package is highly effective in warning drivers and preventing traffic accidents by real-time recognition of road signs with the help of surveillance cameras installed in the car. Certain technologies and software have been developed in various countries around the world to prevent traffic accidents, but these systems specialize in the rules of the road. Also, technologies for the prevention and prevention of road accidents in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan have not been developed.
GENERATING MICRO- AND NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE BASED ON STRAW CELLULOSE AND EXPLORING THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors:   Doctoral Student, Junior Researcher  Institute of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Polymers Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mamadiyorov B. N. , Ergashev D. J. ,   Junior Researcher  Institute of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Polymers Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Saidmuhamedova M. Q. ,   Junior Researcher  Institute of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Polymers Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ashurov N. Sh. ,   PhD in Physics and Math, Senior Researcher  Institute of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Polymers Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Atakhanov A. A. ,   Head of Laboratory, Doctor of Technical Sciences  Institute of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Polymers Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

This work was dedicated to generating the microcrystalline cellulose and nanocellulose based on straw cellulose using acid hydrolysis method. Dimensions, structure, and properties of the microcrystalline and nanocellulose have been investigated using dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, and thermal analysis. It was found that for microcrystalline cellulose the degree of polymerization made 232, the degree of crystallinity is 70%, the particle size was 70-400 μm, whereas for nanocellulose the degree of polymerization – 162, the degree of crystallinity – 79%, the particle size was 50-250 nm, as well as the findings showed that these parameters could be controlled by variables factors than can affect hydrolysis processes.
EVALUATION OF THE ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS MADE USING PHOTOELECTRIC RECORDER AGAINST UNFOLDED LASER PLANE
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of “Alternative Energy Sources”, Candidate of Technical Sciences  Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Zakhidov N. M.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses issues of assessing the accuracy and efficiency of geodetic measurements using a laser beam sweep unit in a plane image and a patented photoelectric recorder with three photo sensors installed on a square opaque plate in a Z-shape, combined with three fiber-optic bundles at the input and connected to an electronic circuit with counters and indicators. A comparative analysis of photoelectric recording devices, as well as of development methods of the static and motional sweep of a laser beam into an image of a plane, has been made; the main factors affecting accuracy of measurements and methods of reducing their influence on a light surface of revolution – a “corrugated” plane in three coordinates, are presented. A pentaprism revolving around the axis of the laser beam was chosen as an optical element, and calculated data on the accuracy assessment were obtained for planning work and as-built survey
INVESTIGATING MICRONUTRIENTS CONTAINED IN THE DOMESTICALLY GROWN GRAPE SEED FOR PREVENTION OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Pediatrics, Head of Laboratory, Academic Member of the Turan Academy, Doctor of Medical Sciences  Samarkand State Medical University, Rasulov S. Q. , Rustamova Kh. Kh. ,   Assistant of the Department of Pharmacology, Independent Researcher  Samarkand State Medical University, Akhmedova G. A. ,   Assistant of the Department of Internal Medicine, Independent Researcher  Samarkand State Medical University, Saidova F. S. ,   Assistant of the Department of Pathological Physiology  Samarkand State Medical University
Published: April 2023

We have investigated macro and microelement composition of the grapeseed, a scarcely studied or used domestically grown fruit, in view of using it for prevention of micro-nutrient deficiencies in the “Mother and Child” system. The 23 macro and microelements, contained the grape seed, have been found through the neutron-activation method, bacteriological, toxicological and radionuclide tests. The grape seed revealed to contain a high concentration of macro and microelements, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and chlorine, as well as essential microelements – iron, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine and molybdenum. The grape seed should be recommended for preventing and correcting micronutrient deficiencies, optimizing the growth and development of children, accelerating recovery processes and improving the quality of life in the “Mother and Child” system.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITES BASED ON POLYETHYLENE AND GELATIN
Authors:   Doctoral Student  Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Normurodov N. F. , Berdinazarov K. N. ,   Doctoral Student  Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Khakberdiev E. O. ,   Doctor of Philosophy in Technical Sciences (PhD), Junior Researcher  Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Dusiyorov N. Z. ,   Junior Researcher  Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ashurov N. R. ,   Doctor of Technical Science, Professor, Head of the Laboratory  Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

As a result of this study, we have obtained polymer blends that are based on linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and gelatin, and received data on biodegradation, mechanical properties, and amounts of compounds produced from blending of graft copolymer and free gelatin. It was found that as the amount of maleic groups in the polyethylene macromolecule increases, the amount of graft copolymer grows, and an increase in the content of gelatin in the blend leads to a noticeable rise in the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and a decrease in elongation at break. It was also found that the rate of biodegradability increases with a growth of the content of gelatin in the blend, biological degradation was observed in the first 10 days at 54 %, up to a maximum of 58 %. It was maintained that maximum degree of grafting LLDPE-g-MA and gelatin to each other depends on the amount of maleic anhydride in the graft copolymer; maximum degree of grafting appeared to be higher with increased amount of maleic anhydride in the composites.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING POTENTIALS OF AGRO-TOURISM IN REGIONS
Authors:   Doctoral Student  Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Amirov A. M.
Published: April 2023

Tourism, as a rapidly developing and highly profitable sector of the economy, plays an important role in the development of regions, and is a source of income at the local and regional levels. Assessment of the agro-tourism potential, which forms the grounds for tourism business in regions, determines characteristics and composition of the regional agro-tourism product, shapes new tourist destinations, and priority areas of investment policy in rural areas. This article summarizes methods for assessing the agro-tourism potential in rural areas, based on the need for comprehensive assessment. The concept of «tourist potential», factors influencing its forming and evaluation parameters have also been studied. Advantages of agro-tourism from the point of view of social perception have been highlighted. The stages of assessing the tourist and recreational potential and agro-tourism attractiveness of a region have been presented. The methodology for comprehensive assessment of the development of agro-tourism in administrative districts has been studied based on a classification of indicators that reflect the level of agro-tourism potential according to the Sturges criterion, with an account of specifics and competitive traits of regions. The use of generalized methods enables unbiased assessment of the potential of agro-tourism, taking into account specific features of each region.
ESTIMATES OF EPICENTRAL DISTANCE AND MAGNITUDE FROM ONE SEISMIC STATION
Authors:   Junior Researcher  Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Institute of Seismology, Shayakubova M. Z.
Published: April 2023

Rapid assessment of epicentral distance and magnitude has fundamental importance for earthquake early detection and warning systems. We present a new method for estimating the epicentral distance using one seismic record in short time. To quantify the difference in the observed seismic signals, we introduced a simple function of the form Bt•exp(-At) and determined A and B from the point of view of the least squares method, fitting this function to the initial part of the signal envelope. We found that log B is inversely proportional to log Δ , where Δ represents the epicentral distance. This ratio is valid regardless of the magnitude of the earthquake. Using this ratio, we can estimate approximate epicentral distance almost immediately after the arrival of the P-wave. Then we can easily estimate the magnitude from the maximum amplitude observed during a given short time interval after the arrival of the P-wave, using the empirical magnitude-amplitude ratio, which includes the epicentral distance as a parameter.
ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SOME VARIETIES OF MULBERRY WHEN FEEDING ZONED BREEDS OF SILKWORM
Authors:   Head of the Silkworm Breeding laboratory, Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Yakubov A. B. , Larkina E. A. ,   Scientific Director of the Project “Unique object”  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Akilov U. H. ,   Junior Researcher of the Project “Unique Object”, Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Sciences (PhD)  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Salikhova K. I. ,   Junior Researcher at the Silkworm Breeding Laboratory  Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture
Published: April 2023

Sericulture has been and remains one of the most important branches of agriculture in Uzbekistan, with centuries-old traditions and proven technologies for keeping silkworms. However, global climate changes across the planet and the shift in the development of the national economy trigger the need for search of new methods of the silkworm reproduction and other sources of feed. Repeated attempts to transfer the silkworm to artificial food or other plant species have not proven succesfully. In our research, we have explored a possibility of using non-fodder caterpillars, namely decorative mulberry varieties, for feeding. The findings gained indicate the validity of the weeping mulberry varieties use in the breeding of silkworms in the case of an early start of feeding. Early vegetation of mulberry trees in urban conditions, a large leaf blade and a large green mass of weeping mulberry, make it good for feeding young silkworm caterpillars.
BREEDING OF DROUGHT-RESISTANT LINES AND VARIETIES OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Sciences (PhD) Senior Researcher  Southern Agricultural Scientific Research Institute, Dilmurodov Sh. D. , Amanov O. A. ,   Professor, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences  Southern Agricultural Scientific Research Institute, Juraev D. T. ,   Senior Researcher, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences  Southern Agricultural Scientific Research Institute
Published: April 2023

Global climate change has had a negative impact on the yield and quality of agricultural crops cultivated in our republic. In particular, dry weather in recent years, a decrease in annual precipitation compared to the average amount of precipitation over many years, and severe hot weather in late spring, have caused serious damage on the growth, development, and yield as well as on the grain quality of winter soft wheat grown in rain-fed environmental conditions. Taking into account the above information, we have studied 35 lines and varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), those resistant to water deficiency, and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of rainfed areas. In course of the research, such indicators as development phases, biometric indicators, yield elements, grain quality indicators, content of chlorophyll in leaves (in the growth phase), vegetation index (NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) have been measured; and a comparative analysis of the weather conditions of the environment with characteristics of relevant varieties and lines – made.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW CHEMICAL AGAINST THE SPIDER MITE (TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH) IN APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors:   Basic Doctoral Student of the Department of Plant Protection  Tashkent State Agrarian University, Rahmonov A. X.
Published: April 2023

Over 30 specialized and polyphagous species of natural enemies of common spider mites have been identified in the agrobiocenoses of orchards, while only some of them are used in practice. Therefore, we have studied bioecological characteristics of the common spider mite, its distribution in the agrobiocenosis of orchards, ‘entomophagy-host’ relationships, assessment of the effectiveness of entomophagy in monitoring their numbers, which formed the grounds to explore improvement of adaptation to common spider mites. The integrated protection system has gained great scientific and practical importance. However, despite the fact that seed gardens are highly affected by phytophagous mites, their species composition, systematic analysis, development, bioecological features, natural interaction, and methods for managing their numbers have not been fully investigated. Akramite 48% (bifenazate) s.c. (0.75 l/ha) and Karache 10% (lambda-cyhalothrin) em.c. (0.4 l/ha) taken for the experiment, were subject for observation and analysis starting from day 3. According to findings, with a new drug of Akramite 48% (bifenazate) s.c. biological efficiency had reached 88.4%, and 81.8% by the 7th day. By the 14th day of our observation, biological efficiency was 72.3%, and by the 21st day – 67.8%. From the 21st day of the study, the number of the pest began to increase again. It was proven that timely agrotechnical measures in late autumn and early spring, as well as the use of chemicals that are less toxic to the environment and good insects during the flowering period and growing season, can save crops in the combat against common spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in fruit orchards.