bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital at Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kumar S. Selva , Kumar S. Santha , Shirley S. Alph
Published: October 2020

Background: Functional constipation and obesity negatively impact children in several aspects. Objective was to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation in the age group of 6 to 12 yearsMethods: This cross-sectional study was done at the outpatient department of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery at Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India among 186 children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years. Data was collected from the parents and children using a predesigned questionnaire and clinical examination done. Data collected were analyzed by suitable statistical methods.   Results: Out of the 186 children with functional constipation studied, 76 (40.86%) had normal BMI, 66 (35.48%) were overweight and 44 (23.66%) were obese. Of the 66 overweight children with functional constipation, 50% are male and 50% are female. Of the 44 obese children with functional constipation, 63.64% were male and 36.36% were female. A statistically higher prevalence of overweight (63.79%) and obesity (25.87%) was observed in children with functional constipation in the age group of 11 to 12 years. There was no statistically significant correlation of gender and socioeconomic status with body mass index (BMI) in children with functional constipation. A higher prevalence of overweight (57.45%) was observed in children with functional constipation with a predominantly non vegetarian diet. 46.77% of children with functional constipation experienced encopresis. The percentage of children with encopresis was significantly higher in the obese group (88.64%) compared to overweight children (57.58%) and children with normal BMI (13.16%).  Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with functional constipation aged 6 to 12 years.
Correlation of various cardiac markers in diagnosed case of acute MI
Authors: P Kamble Nagsen , S Chavan Gajanan
Published: October 2020

The ischemic injury to the heart and its extent of damage is directly associate with the length of ischemia. For the post mortem diagnosis of MI during an autopsy poses a challenge, particularly in cases of very minute myocardial infract. Biochemical markers provide a very useful tool for the assessment of acute coronary syndrome. These are total creatinine kinase, the MB isoforms and myoglobin,as well as the troponin I(cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). The aim of the present study was to study status of cardiac markers like CPK-MB, LDH, Trop-I in diagnosed case of acute MI.

In this prospective study, 35 cases of sudden death that were studied at tertiary care government hospital attached to post-mortem centre during the period from April 2017 to July2018 for the underlying pathology for the sudden death by the assessment of various biochemical markers.

It was observed that out of 35 cases, CPK-MB levels were elevated in 29 cases. LDH levels were raised only in 4 cases. Troponin-I levels were raised in 33 cases. Of all the enzymes Troponin-I levels were raised in 94% cases as compared to the other two. It was observed that the sensitivity and specific for CPK-MB, LDH and Trop I were 84% and 30%, 72% and 20 %, 92% and 74% respectively.

It was concluded that for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction it is important to perform serial measurement of cTnI because the first measurement may still be negative when the case presents early after the onset of symptoms.
HOW GOING TO COURT AFFECTS THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS COURTS
Authors: AKDENİZ Galma , KALEM Seda
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper was to explore how different types of experiences with courts shape attitudes towards the courts and the justice system, through a secondary analysis of data collected in 2006-2007 using a nationally representative sample of adult urban population of Turkey. Findings indicate that the attitudes of citizens with prior court experience are less positive than attitudes of those with no such experience. It is argued that a negative attitude towards the courts is the outcome of having an experience with the courts, rather than the other way around. It was found that satisfaction with the court experience positively influenced the attitudes towards courts for those who experienced court as civil and criminal plaintiffs, as well as observers and witnesses, while satisfaction with outcomes had same effect for criminal defendants. It is argued that attitudes towards courts are shaped by two components: The stable base which reflects a general and abstract trust in institutions, and a flexible component which is shaped by the nature of the experience and interaction that one has with the courts.
ENGELLİ BEBEĞİ OLACAĞINI ÖĞRENEN KADINLARIN GEBELİĞE İLİŞKİN KARAR VERME SÜREÇLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: DUMAN Zeki , AKÇAKAYA Emine
Published: October 2020

Bu makalede gebelik sürecinde engelli bebeği olacağını öğrenen kadınların gebeliği devam ettirip ettirmeme konusunda nasıl karar verdikleri ve bu kararlarında sosyal, ekonomik ve dini faktörlerin ne derecede etkili olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi gebelik sürecinde yapılan doğum öncesi testlerle fetüsün sağlığı ve bedensel özellikleri hakkında bilgi edinilebilmekte ve bu edinilen bilgilerle fetüste bir anomali olması durumunda anne adayının ya kürtaj olması ya da gebeliği devam ettirmesi beklenmektedir. Doğum öncesinde bebeğin engelli olduğunun anlaşılması hem ebeveynlerde hem de diğer aile üyelerinde yoğun üzüntüyle beraber kızgınlığa, kaygıya, depresyona ve strese neden olmakta özellikle de anne adayına bebeğini dünyaya getirip getirmeme konusunda zorlu bir süreç yaşatmaktadır. Bu süreçte hayal kırıklığına uğrayan anne-babalar hem bireysel ve psikolojik gibi içsel hem de ekonomik ve sosyolojik gibi dışsal faktörlerin/aktörlerin etkisinde kalmaktadır. Söz konusu faktörlerin gebeliğin sürdürülmesi veya sonlandırılması kararında ne kadar etkili olduğunu anlamayı amaçlayan bu çalışma aynı zamanda kadınların engelliliğe ve kürtaja nasıl baktıklarını da ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.
TÜRKİYE SOLU’NUN GÖZÜNDEN KADIN VE LGBTİ HAREKETİ: EMEP, ÖDP VE TKP ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KAYAALP ÖZCAN Pelin
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işçi sınıfı mücadelesinin ve eski toplumsal hareketlerin kurumsal siyasette bulduğu karşılık olan marksist-sol partilerin, bir yeni toplumsal hareket örneği olan ve kimlik talepleriyle şekillenen kadın ve LGBTİ hareketlerine nasıl yaklaştığını ve bu yaklaşımın hangi gerekçelerle temellendirildiğini süreklilik ve kopuş teorileri bağlamında ortaya koymaktır.
Bu amaçla araştırmada niteliksel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve verilerin analizi için betimsel analiz yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmanın vardığı en temel sonuca göre, araştırma vakasını oluşturan partilerin sosyalizm anlayışlarının, süreklilik ve kopuş teorileri arasındaki gerileme benzer şeklide farklılaştığı ve bu farklılıkların kadın ve LGBTİ hareketlerine yaklaşımlarında da etkili olduğu görülmüştür. İşçi sınıfı ve kimlik hareketlerini farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri üzerinden birlikte düşünmeye çalışan bu araştırmanın heteronormatif ve ataerkil toplum eleştirisine daha geniş bir perspektiften bakmaya katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
YENİ VE YÜKSELEN BİR ALAN: DİJİTAL OYUNLAR SOSYOLOJİSİ
Authors: KEPENEK Emek Barış
Published: October 2020

Çok yaygın ve etkili olduğu bilinmesine rağmen genel olarak oyun özel olarak dijital oyunların sosyologlar tarafından yeterince ele alınmamış olması, bu çalışmanın temel problemidir. Bu bağlamda yanıtı aranmaya çalışılan temel araştırma sorusu da “dijital oyunların sosyolojisi nasıl yapılabilir?” olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuşkusuz sosyolojinin geniş imkanları içinde hangi sosyolojik yaklaşımlar daha uygundur diye gözden geçirildiğinde mevcut klasik yaklaşımlardan çok, “İlişkisel Sosyoloji”nin bu alanda uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Çünkü ikilikleri ve özcülüğü red eden ve daha çok süreç temelli incelemeleri ön plana çıkaran bir yaklaşımın, dijital oyun sosyolojisi yaparken sunduğu olanaklar, özellikle de N.Elias’ın “figürasyon” kavramının araştırma sorusuna yanıt aramada oldukça yol gösterici olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Böylesine bir amaca ulaşmak için süreç temelli figürasyonel sosyoloji yaparken de Elias’ın özellikle “yaşam birimleri” (survival units) ile “iş birliği ve rekabet dengesi” kavramlarından yararlanıldığının altı çizilmelidir. Bu kavramlar ışığında yapılan analizler sonucunda dijital oyunların etik kurallara sadık olarak oynanan bir figürasyon olduğu, iş birliği ve rekabetin (cooperation and competition) dengelenmediği takdirde oyunun dolayısıyla mücadelenin süremeyeceği; oyunlarda da dengeli bir mücadele yoksa hep bir taraf kazanırsa oyunun en önemli edinimlerinden biri olan keyif alma edinimine ulaşılamayacağı ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca kültürel ve ilişkisel sosyolojik olarak yeni bir kavram üretme anlamına gelen bir metaforla anlatmak gerekirse, oyuncuların kimlik olarak birer “kahraman” olduğu, gerçek yaşamdan izler taşıdıkları bir “bir anlatı” fikrinin dijital oyunları anlama ve yorumlamada uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
HALKIN SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIK DÜZEYİ İLE SAĞLIK KAYGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KIRAÇ Ramazan , ÖZTÜRK Yunus Emre
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmada yetişkinlerin sağlık okuryazarlık durumu ile sağlık kaygısı arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırma Konya merkezde yaşayan bireyler üzerine uygulanmış olup 900 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada “sağlık okuryazarlık” ölçeği ve “sağlık kaygısı” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kadınların sağlık okuryazarlığı ve sağlık kaygısı erkeklere oranla daha fazla çıkmıştır. 26-35 yaş, 36-45 yaş ve 46-55 yaş aralığındakilerin sağlık okuryazarlık oranı 56 ve üstü yaş olanların ortalamasına göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Eğitim durumu arttıkça sağlık okuryazarlık durumunun da arttığı tepsi edilmiştir. Gelir durumu arttıkça sağlık okuryazarlık durumu da artmış ve sağlık kaygısı azalmıştır. Sürekli ilaç kullananların sağlık okuryazarlığı daha düşük ve sağlık kaygı ortalaması daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sağlık kaygısı ile sağlık bilgisine erişim, bilgiyi anlama, bilgiyi değerlendirme ve bilgiyi kullanma arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyi arttıkça sağlık kaygısının azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
EXPLORING FACTORS TO BUILD RAPPORT BETWEEN INTERVIEWER AND RESPONDENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE NATIONAL RESEARCH ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN TURKEY
Authors: SARAÇ Melike , TÜRKYILMAZ Ahmet Sinan
Published: October 2020

Examining interviewing process in terms of interviewers and respondents are crucial due to their major roles on survey estimates, cooperation and non-response. The rapport between interviewers and respondents plays a critical role on disclosure of answers and response quality. Therefore, there is a need to unveil factors behind rapport from interviewers’ and respondents’ perspectives. We aim to explore factors to build rapport and investigate variation among subgroups whose interviews conducted with high rapport. This study utilizes the National Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey (2014) data and Field Staff data to achieve objectives. Our findings suggest that timing and frequency of visits, interviewer characteristics and similarity, and dynamic interview factors are essential when building rapport. The study also points out that there are statistically significant variations among women by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics as well as sensitive variables such as exposure to violence and controlling behaviors by husbands.
Comparing the Lifestyle of Veteran and Non-Veteran Families in Tehran
Authors: Afshani Seyed Alireza , Hosseini-motlagh Seyed Mostajad
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Lifestyle of a community members  should be investiagted, especially in the devotees and their families. The present research aimed at measuring and comparing the lifestyle status of veteran and non-veteran families in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included the veteran and non-veteran families in Tehran City and the sample size included 360 people. The research instruments were Lali, Abedi, and Kajbaf’s Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) (2012), and All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale (AAHLS, 2013). The data were analyzed by SPSS v.24. At the descriptive level, graphing was performed and at the inferential level, Pearson, t-test, Friedman, and analysis of variance tests were run.
Results: A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of lifestyle in two groups of Veteran and Non-Veteran in Tehran. No significant difference was found between the lifestyle scores of men and women in the Non-Veteran group as well as between the mean scores of the single and married lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran group (P<0/05). However, a significant relationship was found between health literacy and lifestyle of the veteran and non-veteran participants (p<0/05).
Conclusion: The results showed that lifestyle should be considerd as a set of observable behaviors and health literacy should be investiagted as predicting variables in promoting lifestyle in the Veteran and Non-Veteran groups.
Investigatinge the Relationship Between Obesity with Physical Activity, Feeding Behavior and Television Viewing in Students Aged 12-14 Years
Authors: Fallahzadeh Abargouei Hossein , Keyghobadi Naeimeh , Azadi Nahid , Shakeri Maryam , Alizadeh Raziyeh
Published: October 2020

Introduction:Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disease among children and adolescents in Iran. Awareness of obesity risk factors in childhood and adolescence and their control is one of the most important public health problems. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between obesity, physical activity, food habits and television viewing among students in Yazd .
Methods: In this study, 334 students who aged between 12 to14 years old were selected by cluster sampling. Considering age and gender,  underweight, normal weight, over weight and obesity were defined as BMI<5 th percentile ,5 <BMI<84.9 th percentile , 85 <BMI<84.9 and BMI ≥95th percentile respectively. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure dietary habits, fined the time that spent on television viewing and playing computer games; and "Fels Paq For Children questionnaire" was used to measure the physical activity in students. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software, Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.7% and 21%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in boys (p = 0.006) and students whose mothers had higher education (p = 0.02). The results of logistic regression model showed that consumption fruit once and less than one in week increased the risk of overweight and obesity by 20.07 and14.76 times, respectively.  A significant relationship was observed between increase hours of computer games and obesity. There was no relationship between consumption of fast food, soft drinks, cakes, biscuits, chips, puffs and watching TV with obesity and overweight.
Patients' Satisfaction with Inpatient Services in Selected Wards of Some Hospitals Affiliated to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016
Authors: Motealehi Ahmadreza , Vafaeenasab Mohamadreza , Bahariniya Sajjad , Raadabadi Mehdi , Safari Masoud
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Patient satisfaction with health care indicates the organizational performance of a hospital. The level of patient satisfaction depends on factors such as ability of the physician, observance of the patient's rights, and quality of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of patient satisfaction with the provision of inpatient services in selected wards of some hospitals affiliated to Yazd  Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Shahid Sadoughi, Shahid Rahnemoun, Afshar, Ziaei Ardakan, and Fatemeh Al-Zahra Mehriz hospitals were selected to conduct the study. Inpatients were included in the statistical population. The total sample size with an error of 5% was estimated at 1056 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was applied to collect the study  data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21 and frequency, mean, median, and exponential distribution tables were used to describe the findings.
Results: The initial population was estimated at 83531 people. In order to reduce the error, a higher sample size (1527 people) was considered. The highest number of patients was from Afshar Hospital (24.6%). The average level of patient satisfaction with the physician was 4.30, with the nursing services was 4.23, with the nursing assist services was 4.25, with the service staff was 4.45, and with the welfare facilities was 4.33. Patients' satisfaction with the service staff was higher than other dimensions. In total, 95.2% of patients were satisfied with the provided services.
Conclusion: The authorities are recommended to plan the necessary interventions in order to improve the quality of care provided by medical personnel and eliminate patients’ dissatisfaction with the help of hospital officials. To this end, the patient rights should be observed by all personnel.
Fermented sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp cured children from moderate acute malnutrition in Benin
Authors:   Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, E Nago , Agossadou JO ,   Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, Chadare FJ ,   Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin,   Centre Universitaire de Sakété, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Houndji S ,   Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, Hounhouigan DJ ,   Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
Published: October 2020

Inappropriate feeding, too early introduction of complementary foods and restriction in food selection are a major cause of malnutrition among young children in developing countries. Food-to-food fortification is a good strategy to enhance the nutritional quality of children’s diet. This strategy is more and more promoted because it allows delivery of micronutrients to a large population in a cost-effective manner.The present study aimed at testing the effect of the consumption of sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp on the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Northern Benin. A two-week intervention was implemented in Tanguiéta (Benin) among children affected by moderate acute malnutrition, using 400g of fermented sorghum porridge fortified with15g of a designed mix of moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp. Sixty-three children aged 6–59 months who had malnutrition assessed by anthropometry were randomly selected and assigned to a treatment or a control group. Children in the treatment group consumed the fortified formula daily for two weeks in a nutritional rehabilitation hearth whereas those in the control group had their habitual diet. Their nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometry. Recovery rate and average weight gain of children were computed.Results show that daily consumption of the fortified food for two weeks did not significantly (P> 0.05) increase children’s weight in treatment vs. control. However, average weight gain was 9.85g/kg/day in the treatment group and total recovery rate at risk of malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition was 62.50% among children who fully complied with the intervention. Fermented sorghum porridge fortified with moringa leaf powder and baobab fruit pulp may be promoted to scale in more regions of Benin as a local affordable and effective therapeutic food against child acute malnutrition. Further investigation of its potential effect while accounting for parasitic infection is needed, to eliminate all risks of intestinal micro nutrient malabsorption or malaria and enhance the effectiveness of the fortified food on children’s weight as well as their iron status.
Microbiological quality evaluation of ready-to-eat mixed vegetable salad, food ingredients and some water samples from a restaurant in Accra: A case study
Authors:   University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana, Kortei Nii Korley , Annan T ,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, P. O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana, Quansah L ,   University forDevelopment Studies, Nyankpala Campus, P.O. Box 1882, Tamale, Ghana, Aboagye G ,   University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana, Akonor PT ,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, P. O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana, Tettey C ,   University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
Published: October 2020

One serious threat to public health in both developed and developing countries is the microbial contamination of food. This problem poses a great challenge and consequently has economic implications. Causes of microbial contamination are diverse and these may be natural, environmental, or technological. The microbiological quality of most ready-to-eat foods is of great significance to human health because they require minimal or no processing when consumed.The aim of this research was to investigate the microbiological quality of some ready-to-eat mixed vegetable salad foods, ingredients as well as the wash water samples of an urban restaurant located in Accra, Ghana. A total of thirty (30) samples categorized into mixed vegetable salads, foods and water obtained from an urban restaurant in the national capital of Ghana, Accra. They were analyzed at the microbiology laboratory and food microbiology laboratories of School of Allied Health Sciences(UHAS)and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute (CSIR-FRI), Ghana,respectively. Standard microbiological methods that are per International Organization for Standardization(ISO) Methods and Nordic Committee on Food Analysis Methods (NMKL) were used in determining the presence and levels of bacteria and fungi.Data obtained were transformed from standard to logarithmic forms and reported as mean+standard deviations. The aerobic plate count samples ranged from 0-4.73 log 10CFU/g. E-coli counts also ranged between 0-2.53 log 10CFU, while Bacillus cereus counts were very low at0-<10log 10CFU/g. Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus counts were also very low ranging from0-1.0log10CFU/g.Enterobacteriaceae counts also ranged from 0-1.90 log10CFU/g. Molds and yeasts counts were generally low and ranged from 0-2.48 log 10CFU/g and 0-1.0 log10CFU/g,respectively. None of the samples tested contained Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Fungal microbial loads were minimal given the quantities, and were deleterious to the health of consumers. The study revealed that the bacterial loads on mixed vegetable salads, ingredients and water samples used and served by an urban restaurant in Accra were within safe limits according to American Public Health Association (APHA) and International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) guidelines and,therefore,good for human consumption.
Challenges facing emerging aquaculture entrepreneurs in South Africa and possible solutions
Authors:   Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Martin Hammerschlag way, Foreshore, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa, Madibana MJ , Fouché CH ,   Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, Martin Hammerschlag way, Foreshore, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa, Mnisi CM ,   North-West University, P Bag x2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
Published: October 2020

Despite aquaculture being hailed as the fastest growing farming sector in the world, South African aquaculture is still lagging behind. This article aims to highlight challenges (mostly beyond their control) that South Africa’s emerging aquaculture entrepreneurs have to endure in order to find a breakthrough into the industry. Availability of necessary resources such as land, water, infrastructure,financial support and access to markets, as well as crime are among challenges faced by these entrepreneurs on a daily basis. Limited human resources in capacity building, skills and aquaculture expertise also hinders the development and expansion of aquaculture in South Africa. Complex legislation governing aquaculture further limits the development of this sector to prospective investors. Fish and machinery theft in fish farms has an adverse effect, which had resulted in many enterprises closing down in recent years. South Africa is not a traditional fish-eating nation and this phenomenon has seen many emerging entrepreneurs struggling to locally commercialize their produce. It is well known that fish consumption provides human nutrition with essential nutrients necessary for normal body function. Thus,aquaculture has the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security and alleviate poverty in rural communities. However, plenty of initiatives need to be developed by government and the private sector to develop a sustainable aquaculture industry. These initiatives should involve the establishment of an aquaculture friendly legislation that would support emerging aquaculture entrepreneurs. Several financial institutions view aquaculture as a high-risk business,and as a consequence,decline financial support or loan requests from emerging farmers.Focused research as a strategic initiative to develop aquaculture species that would be first priority for local markets is encouraged. This article explores the challenges facing emerging entrepreneurs and suggests possible solutions that might assist in the development of the aquaculture sector in South Africa. We postulate that constructive and regular engagements between the government and private sector is a key to a sustainable and prosperous aquaculture sector in South Africa.
Diagnostique des pratiques de fumage de la viande de poulet (Gallus gallus) dans la ville de Lome au Togo
Authors:   Université de Lomé BP 1515 Lomé-TOGO, Akakpo Akpénè , Edikou S ,   Université de Lomé BP 1515 Lomé-TOGO, Diantom A ,   Université de Lomé BP 1515 Lomé-TOGO, Osseyi E ,   Université de Lomé BP 1515 Lomé-TOGO
Published: October 2020

Le fumage traditionnel du poulet estune pratique moinsrépandue au Togo comparativementau fumage du poisson.De plus en plus, cette pratique devientune activité économique qui occupe bon nombre defemmes et satisfait une frange de consommateurs. Cette étude visaità décrire et à caractériser l’activitéde fumage de la viande de poulet à travers ses composantes telles que les acteurs, lesprocédés et lesconditions de productiondans la ville de Lomé au Togo. Pour ce faire, une enquête exploratoire par ratissage systématique des acteurs(processors de fumage)et un suivi des étapes technologiquesont été réalisés. L’étude a révélé que laproduction du poulet fumé à Lomé est une activité menée uniquementpar des femmes. Près de 53,3% deces femmes ontétéalphabétiséesdont6,7% onteu à franchirle niveau primaire.Elles transformaient exclusivement les poulets importés sous forme entière ou de découpes en pouletsfumésqu’elles commercialisaient elles-mêmes. Lefumage du poulet passaitparla décongélation, le lavage, l’assaisonnement et/ou la pré-cuissonet le fumageproprement dit. Il existaitune variation dans la conduite de ces opérations unitaires d’une productriceà une autremais la différence essentielle observée se situaitau niveau dutraitement appliqué au poulet avant le fumage.La conduite du fumage étaitempirique utilisant comme combustibles le bois combiné à différents matériauxvégétaux principalement la sciurede bois, les coques de noix de coco, les enveloppesde maïs séchéet les cartons de récupération. L’équipement utilisé, ékpoou adoen langue locale Ewéest une sorte defourtraditionnelcouramment utilisé dans les pratiques culinaires au Togo.La durée moyenne du fumage étaitenviron de 60,33±10,6min et la température moyenne atteinte à cœur du poulet est de 82,51 ± 5,8°C. Le poulet fumé,essentiellement transformé pour les besoins de goût,aune durée de conservation assez limitée(<24 heures)à température ambiante.Malgré lesconditions de travail précaires et des règles d’hygiène peu observéessur les sites de production,le poulet fumé semble satisfaire les consommateurs.De ce fait, des études complémentaires de caractérisation sensorielle, physicochimique et microbiologique seraient nécessaires pour évaluer la qualité de ces poulets fumés.
Microbial and antibiotic contaminants in imported and locally produced honey in the Tamale metropolis of the northern region of Ghana
Authors:   University for Development Studies, Tamale,Ghana, Nzeh Joseph , Dufailu OA ,   University for Development Studies, Tamale,Ghana, Obeng AK ,   University for Development Studies, Tamale,Ghana, Quansah L ,   University for Development Studies, Tamale,Ghana
Published: October 2020

Honey remains a valued natural product and has been used by humans as an important food source, disease treatment, and a healthy sugar source since ancient times. However, recent reports on the adulteration of honey and honey polluted with contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, microorganisms as well as antibiotics have gained public attention. Thus, this study aimed to assess the quality and safety of imported and locally produced honey by specifically determining microbial and antibiotic contaminants as well as the beekeeping practices of honey producers within some locations of the Tamale metropolis. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to gather information on the sources of honey, knowledge of diseases affecting bees, knowledge of contamination of honey, and knowledge of antibiotics use in honey production from honey producers in the study area. The procedures outlined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission were followed to ascertain the microbial quality of the honey samples. Also, the Premi® test kit was used to determine the presence of antibiotics residue in the honey samples. Only eight honey producers were identified in the study area;they all had knowledge on contamination of honey. Only two (25 %) of the honey producers had knowledge on diseases affecting bees and also the use of antibiotics in beekeeping or honey production. Concerning microbial contaminants, Listeria spp.,Lactobacillus spp., Salmonella spp.,Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Campylobacter spp.,and Staphylococcus spp.were the microorganisms enumerated upon microbiological quality assessment of 30 honey samples. Furthermore, 27 (90 %) of the honey samples tested positive for the presence of antibiotics residue of which 6 (85.7 %) were sampled from imported source,whilst the remaining 21 (91.3 %) were locally produced. Microbial and antibiotic contaminants found in the honey sampled in the study area support the hypothesis that honey may not be as pure as might be perceived and this might be a public health concern. Again, since there is no available record on the screening or antibiotic residue in honey found on the Ghanaian market, this research is timely and necessary to provide the basis for intervention policies on the minimum limits of antibiotic residues present in honey.
ICT sustainable management: towards a better alignment with the sustainable development strategy
Authors: Hba Rachid , Idrissi Mohammed Abdou Janati , Ghaib Majid Kaissar El , Manouar Abdellah El
Published: October 2020

The impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in terms of Sustainable Development (SD) has led to a great transformation in business management, which positions innovation as an essential element of differentiation for the new market conquest. These ICT, that are particularly adapted, allow creating value for the company in a sustainable way and more aligned with the global SD strategy while ensuring to bring competitive advantage and anticipate new economic, social and environmental problems. To implement an innovation approach that gives organizations the means to develop sustainable management strategies, allowing them to increase overall performance, we proposed the "ICT Sustainable Management" model which is designed according to a Green IT (GIT) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concepts in order to seek new transition ways for management serving SD. Our model constitutes a first research step to lead reflection on next-generation SD-oriented management models. For this reason, we consider it more appropriate to approve the validity of our model through its application on different categories of companies that use ICT. Analysis of the results of this application test has demonstrated the validity of our model at the scale of five companies. This initial validation will be supported by improvements and new tests that will be extremely useful to improve the model and to advance knowledge in this new field of research.
A etnobotânica e o uso de plantas medicinais na Comunidade Barreirinho, Santo Antônio de Leverger, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira André Luís de Souza , Pasa Maria Corette , Nunez Cecilia Veronica
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se investigar e resgatar o conhecimento tradicional acerca dos recursos vegetais, o manejo, o preparo e a indicação terapêutica das plantas medicinais utilizadas na Comunidade Barreirinho, Santo Antônio de Leverger, Mato Grosso (MT). O estudo qualitativo e quantitativo utilizou pré-teste, observação direta, turnê guiada, entrevistas e frequência absoluta e relativa. Identificaram-se 141 espécies medicinais, pertencentes a 60 famílias botânicas, e, entre elas, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae e Asteraceae foram as mais representativas.
A Pnater: reflexões sobre os seus princípios e objetivos a partir da percepção de extensionistas rurais do município de Paulo Afonso, Bahia
Authors: Sandes Lorena Carvalho de Morais , Tenório Pedro Pereira
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo traz a percepção de agentes de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (Ater), do município de Paulo Afonso, Bahia, em relação aos princípios e objetivos da Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural para a Agricultura Familiar e Reforma Agrária. Realizou-se um breve histórico sobre a Extensão Rural brasileira, revisão de literatura, análise da legislação pertinente e pesquisa de campo, com aplicação de questionários a oito agentes de Ater.
Programa Bolsa Família: impacto na alimentação e papel da aquisição não monetária no meio urbano e rural
Authors: Southier Naiara , Triches Rozane Maria
Published: October 2020

Este estudo avalia o impacto do Programa Bolsa Família nos meios urbano e rural, investigando mudanças no consumo de alimentos e identificando o acesso a outras aquisições não monetárias. Por meio de 86 entrevistas em um município do Paraná, observou-se que o programa aumentou a frequência do consumo de alimentos com ajuda de outras aquisições não monetárias no meio urbano. No meio rural, o autoconsumo foi importante coadjuvante para a segurança alimentar dos beneficiários.
O perfil socioeconômico e a percepção ambiental dos pescadores da Lagoa do Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Pinto Filho Jorge Luís de Oliveira , Nobre Samilly Brito , Neto da Silva Manoel Mariano
Published: October 2020

A pesca é uma das principais atividades desenvolvidas para garantir a alimentação humana, contribuindo para seu desenvolvimento. Entretanto vem enfrentando dificuldades atualmente − especialmente a pesca artesanal, que usa de pouca tecnologia −, além da ganância das grandes corporações pesqueiras. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a pesca artesanal na Lagoa do Apodi, RN, por meio da descrição do perfil socioeconômico e da percepção ambiental dos pescadores. Como procedimento metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura; elaboração de questionário semiestruturado, abordando aspectos sobre perfil socioeconômico e percepção ambiental, com aplicação a 52 pescadores, obedecendo ao processo de amostragem de forma aleatória; e tratamento de dados com Microsoft Software Excel 2013. Observou-se que os pescadores apresentam baixa renda e escolaridade, porém esses fatores não influenciaram na percepção ambiental dos indivíduos. Os impactos positivos da atividade pesqueira na lagoa relacionam-se com a geração de renda, a geração de empregos e a produção de alimentos. Evidenciou-se que os pescadores têm consciência dos impactos negativos decorrentes da atividade, como a pesca predatória, que leva à escassez de peixes e até mesmo à alteração da qualidade hídrica. Os principais conflitos para os pescadores relacionam-se com a pesca predatória, a disputa de terra entre pescadores e agricultores e o processo de urbanização com despejo de esgotos. Com os resultados obtidos, detectou-se ausência de políticas públicas que contribuam para o fomento da pesca artesanal voltada ao desenvolvimento local.
Analysis of vegetation dynamics using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Silva Kardelan Arteiro da , El-Deir Soraya Giovanetti , Monteiro Júnior José Jorge , Santos João Paulo de Oliveira , Silva Emanuel Araújo
Published: October 2020

Island environments have specific biotic and abiotic characteristics, as fragility, limitation of natural resources, geographic isolation, and fragmentation are determining factors that directly affect these areas. Thus, it is relevant to understand the natural evolution of the landscape in the islands, considering the anthropic actions and climate changes in the transformation of vegetation cover, as a means of time series and study of satellite images. This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of the landscape (changes in vegetation cover) of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago concerning urban development, and other anthropic activities that occurred between 1999 and 2018, through remote sensing images, to establish comparisons with the Island Management Plans that were elaborated in the years of 2005 and 2017. Also, this study intends to raise elements to assist in the spatial management of the Archipelago and to establish Public Conservation Policies for Fernando de Noronha and other island areas. Images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 were obtained for scenes from 1999 and 2017, respectively. These images were preprocessed and analyzed in Quantum GIS 2.18 software. And applied the NDVI calculation. It was also used the database found in the sustainable management plan of the archipelago provided by the state government of Pernambuco. With these data, it was possible to diagnose a vegetative growth on the island of about 45.36% in 17 years corroborating with the changes found in the data coming from the island's management plan. However, there are no changes in the phytosociological diversity of the island, this cause is pointed out to the invading and ruderals species of the island that are established and propagate.
Festas e desenvolvimento local em Cachoeira, Bahia
Authors: Ricardo Oliveira Martins Sérgio , Rodrigues de Matos Oliveira Martins Waleska
Published: October 2020

Cachoeira, cidade histórica e culturalmente entre as mais expressivas do Recôncavo da Bahia, é também conhecida pelas inúmeras festas que realiza anualmente. A cidade faz festas para promover o turismo cultural, realizar suas potencialidades e dinamizar sua economia. É precisamente o desenvolvimento local de Cachoeira, que se promove também com as festas, que este artigo objetiva analisar. Este estudo adota uma abordagem processual da história e da realidade social e econômica de Cachoeira, além da observação participante no seu cotidiano e, sobretudo, nas festas juninas, nos últimos quatro anos (2016-2019). Verificou-se que Cachoeira experimenta um novo dinamismo econômico, com significativos avanços sociais, com menor dependência de recursos externos e uma crescente capacidade municipal de promover investimentos com base em recursos próprios. Conclui-se, assim, que o turismo cultural, com base na promoção de eventos festivos, tem sido uma das bases mais importantes do desenvolvimento local em Cachoeira.
The effect of working capital management on profitability
Authors: Hossain Tarik
Published: October 2020

This research aims to analyze the impact of efficient working capital management on the profitability of the manufacturing firm in Bangladesh. Fifty-two manufacturing companies listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) have been selected randomly from 2012 to 2017. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are used as indicators of profitability, while the inventory conversion period (ICP), the average collection period (ACP), the average payment period (APP), and the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) are used as the independent variables which are used as a measurement of working capital management of the firm. Ordinary Least Squares regression models and Pearson's Correlation are used to establish the relationship between working capital management and profitability. The results revealed a significant negative relation between ROA and CCC, ACP; a significant negative relationship exists between ROE and CCC, APP. Manufacturing companies can increase profitability by decreasing the cash conversion cycle, average payment period, and average collection period. It also revealed that ICP is also positively related to ROA and ROE. Therefore, this research concludes that efficiently and effectively managing working capital is very important for increasing manufacturing companies' profitability.
Enhancing sustainability of donor funded livelihood projects in Kilifi County through effective monitoring and evaluation
Authors: Ndombi Cornel Likale , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge , Mulwa Angeline Sabina
Published: October 2020

Benefactor organizations have greatly funded livelihood projects and programs in Kilifi County. However, these projects grapple with sustainability. Some halt operations instantaneously the funding is withdrawn. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of monitoring and evaluation (participation; tools; and timing and frequency) on the sustainability of donor-funded livelihood projects in Kilifi County, Kenya. The descriptive correlational research design was used with a sample of 170 from a population of 295 from three livelihood projects. Seven interviews and three focus group discussions were carried out. Standard deviations, standard error of means, arithmetic means, Pearson’s Product moment correlation, and linear regression were used. The perception of sustainability did not differ significantly with projects, gender, age, and marital status. However, perception differed based on the highest level of education and duration in the project. H0, r=0.458, p=0.000389<0.05 was rejected and concluded that monitoring and evaluation significantly influenced the sustainability of donor-funded livelihood projects. Participation in M&E and (p=0.000), frequency, and timing (p=0.024) had a significant while tools used in M&E (p=0.459) did have a significant influence on sustainability. This implies that corporate and individual knowledge of the project objectives, targets, and means of measuring project results were still critical in ensuring sustainability is attained. Simple templates of the logical framework should be used for the farmers to understand how inputs are converted into activities, outputs, outcomes, and goals. It is implied that the farmers had little knowledge of Likert items denoting tools in M&E. Therefore, simple and direct Likert items need to be chosen.
Relationship between leadership practices and labour turnover among private schools in Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru-Kenya
Authors: Omindo Beatrice Achieng' , Gesimba Paul Omato , Gichuhi David
Published: October 2020

The study sought to determine the relationship between leadership practices and labor turnover in private primary schools in Kenya with a specific focus on Rongai Sub-County in Nakuru County, Kenya. The theoretical framework of this study was derived from the Two-Factor Theory and Organization Support Theory. The study used a descriptive survey design and targeted a population of 680 employees of 34 private primary schools in the study area. A sample of 204 employees was picked using the simple random sampling method. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from teachers while interview guides were used to collect qualitative data from headteachers and their deputies. Descriptive statistics were computed for each study variable while the Pearson correlation method was used to test the effect of the leadership practices on labor turnover. Qualitative data collected through the interviews were analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique. Results revealed that there is a high labor turnover in the private primary schools in Rongai with a rating of 71.2%. Results also showed that there were less than optimal leadership practices in schools with a rating of 50.8%. Labor turnover in the schools was negatively and significantly associated with leadership practices (r=-.523, p=.000). The study recommends that private primary schools ensure that teachers are actively involved in making key decisions and management of school activities in order to reduce labor turnover.
Effects of rural-urban migration on economic status of rural residents
Authors: Keopasith Thiengtham , Neng Shen
Published: October 2020

The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.
Self-reliance
Authors: Bazubagira Appoline Kabera , Umumararungu Christine Kapita
Published: October 2020

This study examines the extent to which family environment influences children’s behavior and how an evening of parents serves as a platform for rehabilitating the family environment, preventing and decreasing street children's number. This descriptive study intends to create awareness of the prevention and reintegration of street children. Researchers purposively selected 58 respondents: 40 street children, 12 parents, and 6 local leaders. Data were collected through interviews, storytelling, and focus group discussions and qualitatively analyzed using content analysis. Results revealed domestic violence, identity crisis, born from sex workers, children abuse, poor parenting, and poverty to be factors contributing to street children as emphasized by 100% of children, 87% of local leaders, and 67% of parents. Street children can only be controlled if major stressors that push them to develop self-reliance are socially and economically addressed. It was revealed that the Evening of Parents is a platform of family transformation to successfully prevent and rehabilitate street children focusing on parents’ responsibilities towards children’s wellbeing and better future.