bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kelengkapan Anamnesa Formulir Gawat Darurat Dengan Ketepatan Kode ICD 10 Sebab Eksternal Kasus Kecelakaan Di Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala Malang
Authors: Maxelly Richard One
Published: October 2022

Mutu pelayanan rumah sakit ditentukan dari peningkatan mutu klinis dan pelayanan yang berorientasi kepada kepuasan pelanggan. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis. Salah satu indikator kelengkapan rekam medis dalam analisa kuantitatif yaitu adalah kelengkapan anamnesa pasien (Hatta, 2013). Menurut Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No: HK.01.07/MENKES/312/2020 tentang Standar Profesi Perekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan disebutkan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki perekam medis adalah keterampilan klasifikasi klinis, kodefikasi penyakit dan masalah kesehatan lainnya serta prosedur klinis. Menurut hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Manggandhi (2010), diketahui ketidakakuratan kode diagnosa utama pasien rawat inap kasus kecelakaan sebesar 39% karena disebabkan coder belum menentukan kode sebab eksternal dari tempat kejadian dan aktivitas yang dilakukan serta mengabaikan penggunaan karakter kelima dalam kode sebab eksternal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien kasus kecelakaan di RS Panti Nirmala Malang tahun 2020. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan studi korelasi. Sampel berjumlah 44 berkas rekam medis. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel kelengkapan anamnesa formulir gawat darurat dengan keakuratan kode sebab eksternal. Jika suatu anamnesa formulir gawat darurat tersebut lengkap maka kode sebab eksternal yang dihasilkan juga semakin akurat.
Analisis Keakuratan Kodefikasi Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Bedah Orthopedi Berdasarkan ICD-10 di RSUD dr. Mohammad Zyn Kabupaten Sampang
Authors: Ferdianto Angga , - Lutfiati
Published: October 2022

Diagnosa adalah istilah yang mengacu pada nama suatu penyakit yang perlu ditegakkan oleh dokter. Kegiatan pengkodean dengan huruf dan angka atau kombinasi huruf dan angka yang merepresentasikan komponen data untuk memberikan fungsi penentuan kode. Pengkodean tersebut harus sesuai dengan ICD-10. Keakuratan kodefikasi rekam medis pasien rawat inap kasus bedah orthopedi berdasarkan ICD-10 masih belum tepat ataupun akurat. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Populasi yang digunakan adalah dokumen rekam medis pasien rawat inap kasus bedah orthopedi triwulan 1 tahun 2020 yang berjumlah 60 dokumen rekam medis. Dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sehingga jumlah sampel sama dengan jumlah populasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase keakuratan kodefikasi dokumen rekam medis pasien rawat inap kasus bedah orthopedi sebanyak 0% . Dan presentase ketidakakuratan sebanyak 100%. Ketidakakuratan tersebut karena tidak dituliskannya kode ICD-10 karakter kelima dan tidak ada kode pada SIMRS karena sistem pengkodean masih manual.
Spin 2 Particle with Anomalous Magnetic Moment in Riemann Space−Time: A Massless Case with the Gauge Symmetry
Authors: Dudko I. G. , Red'kov V. M. , Semenyuk O. A. , Kisel V. V.
Published: October 2022

The most of studies in the theory of spin 2 field were performed with the use of the 2-nd order equations. The spin 2 particle theory proposed by F.I. Fedorov is based on the first order equations requires a 30-component set of tensors. Besides, by him and coauthors was elaborated a more general theory, which is based on 50-component set of tensors. In the present paper, we consider this more general theory in presence of arbitrary electromagnetic fields and Riemannian space-time backgrounds. First we study the 50-component theory for a massive particle. In this case, there arises the non-minimal interaction with the curved space-time background through the Ricci and Riemann tensors. It is important that the theory under consideration allows for a new massless limit for the spin 2 field. This fact is of special interest, because the conventional Pauli - Fierz theory for the massless field does not possess gauge symmetry in the curved space-time, in particular, in models with the vanishing Ricci tensor. We show that the generalized theory possesses such a gauge symmetry in all space-time models for which the Ricci tensor vanishes.
Nonperturbative Corrections to Adler Function and Hypothesis of Vacuum Dominance
Authors: Kozhevnikova Marina , Oganesian Armen , Teryaev Oleg , Solovtsova Olga
Published: October 2022

We check the range of values of four-quark condensate, relying on the processing of experimental data on e+e− annihilation into even number of pions (BaBar, CMD-2, OLYA) and extracting from them the values of the nonperturbative corrections. According to the hypothesis of vacuum dominance, the vacuum average of the four-quark condensate is expressed in terms of quark condensate while only vacuum intermediate states contribution is taken into account. However, assuming a possible non-zero effect of non-vacuum intermediate states, we check its influence on the four-quark condensate, or coefficient C6 in operator product expansion. Moreover, we explore how other nonperturbative corrections, C2 (operator with dimension 2), and C4 (which includes gluon condensate), are changed when assuming this effect. It is shown that values of four-quark condensate, or coefficient C6, can vary not more than 15-20%. Other parameters (C2 and C4) take values close to the currently available ones.
Protecting the Heart in Cancer Patients: The Role of Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Krone Ronald J.
Published: October 2022

Cardiac disease often impacts cancer therapy, from direct toxicity of cancer therapeutic agents to the coronary endothelium, the myocardium, heart valves, and other structures. This has spawned the development of cardio-oncology programmes, emphasising collaboration between oncologists and cardio-oncologists in order to develop cardiologists with expertise in understanding the impact of various cancer regimens on the heart and developing programmes to manage or prevent heart damage. Cardiac disease and cancer both become more common as people age, as such cardiac disease, including coronary disease, should be screened for and risk factors treated when possible. Cancer-caused cardiac damage is much more responsive to therapy if treated early, so protocols for monitoring heart function to identify early injury need to be established and followed. Newer measures of ventricular function can identify heart injury before a reduction in ejection fraction to permit early initiation of therapy, and protocols to utilise these measures need to be incorporated into routine surveillance. Research is underway to evaluate regimens for cardiac protection prior to the cancer therapy, but at present, the data do not permit broad recommendations.
CT Colonography Versus Optical Colonoscopy: Cost-Effectiveness in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Svystun Orysya , Zeman Marilyn , Seidler Michael , Fung Christopher
Published: October 2022

Purpose: CT colonography (CTC) has been accepted as an optical colonoscopy (OC) alternative for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by some guidelines, while others maintain that the data is insufficient. CTC’s less invasive nature may improve compliance; however, cost and need for colonoscopy, if lesions are detected, remain an obstacle for implementation. As a result, the authors set out to determine the cost-effectiveness of CTC in the context of its drawbacks and advantages when compared with OC within a Canadian context.

Methods: Using a decision analysis software, an economic analysis was performed comparing CTC to OC for CRC screening in asymptomatic patients. The 10-year primary outcome measure was study cost, cost difference of screening 100,000 patients, and the cost of one quality adjusted life year gained. The sensitivities, specificities, and polyp prevalence rates were derived from literature. The cost of each test was derived from local data.

Results: Local cost of OC is 764.36 CAD compared to 580.01 CAD for CTC. In the case of a normal OC, reassessment would not be necessary for 10 years, whereas in an asymptomatic average-risk population CTC must be repeated every 5 years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, or the additional cost per life year of OC compared to CTC was calculated to be 3,390.76 CAD.
Agrarian reform: the reflection on the performance of the agrarian reform task force (GTRA) in the special region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Junarto Rohmat
Published: October 2022

Program reforma agraria (RA) ditujukan untuk menata ketimpangan agraria dan meningkatkan kemakmuran masyarakat. Refleksi atas kinerja GTRA pada setiap daerah dibutuhkan untuk mengakselerasi program RA secara nasional. Provinsi DIY mempunyai runutan sejarah keistimewaan, utamanya kewenangan pengelolaan Tanah Kasultanan dan Kadipaten (TKK). Muatan pengetahuan RA yang setengah-setengah, kemauan politik lokal dan sejarah penguasaan tanah yang panjang tersebut menjadi permasalahan pelaksanaan program RA di daerah. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kinerja GTRA di DIY yang bertugas mengkoordinasikan: penyediaan TORA, pelaksanaan dan integrasi program RA, serta penanganan sengketa/konflik agraria. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah case study. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kegiatan penataan aset tidak hanya menyasar tanah-tanah ‘marginal’ seperti: tanah oro-oro, enclave, pangonan, tutupan, dan penataan kampung kumuh, tetapi juga TKK. Kegiatan penataan akses dilaksanakan bersama program pemerintah daerah seperti: pembangunan kawasan Pawonsari (Pacitan-Wonogiri-Wonosari) dan inovasi gerakan di kawasan perdesaan seperti: G2R (Global Gotong Royong). Namun demikian, koordinasi, integrasi dan sinkronisasi program RA oleh stakeholder tersebut belum ter konsolidasikan sebagaimana yang telah digariskan oleh Perpres RA. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan perbaikan dalam rangka peningkatan kegiatan oleh GTRA Nasional atas nama RA, dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan mendasar masyarakat atas struktur agraria.
Relationship of slope, soil type,and land use on erosion hazards
Authors: Pasaribu Parlin Hotmartua Putra
Published: October 2022

Erosi merupakan proses pengikisan tanah bagian atas yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, dan tipe penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan ketiga faktor tersebut terhadap resiko bahaya erosi yang hasilnya dijadikan dasar untuk menentukan jenis praktek konservasi lahan. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa faktor kemiringan lereng memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap resiko bahaya erosi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,777 dan kategori hubungan sangat erat (sangat kuat) dengan arah yang positif. Sedangkan jenis tanah dan tipe penggunaan lahan tidak berpengaruh signifikan dengan koefisien korelasi yang sangat lemah (0,047 untuk jenis tanah, dan 0,129 untuk tipe penggunaan lahan). Namun, berdasarkan notasi arahnya, terdapat arah yang positif pada kedua faktor ini. Praktek konservasi yang disarankan baik dengan metode vegetatif dan mekanik berbeda untuk setiap tipe penggunaan lahan. Praktek konservasi pada penggunaan lahan permukiman yaitu penerapan saluran drainase dan tanaman penutup tanah. Praktek konservasi pada penggunaan lahan hutan sekunder yaitu pengkayaan tanaman hutan. Praktek konservasi pada penggunaan lahan belukar yaitu penghutanan kembali dan penanaman menurut kontur. Praktek konservasi pada penggunaan lahan tegalan yaitu dengan tumpang sari, pemanfaatan mulsa, penanaman sejajar kontur, teras gulud, dan saluran pengelak. Beberapa bentuk praktek konservasi tersebut berguna bagi berbagai pihak dalam melakukan pengelolaan dan pelestarian sumberdaya lahan.     

Kata Kunci : Erosi, faktor erosi, bahaya erosi, praktek konservasi, pelestarian sumberdaya lahan.
MIXING BEHAVIOUR AND PROPAGATION OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER DEFECTS IN AN AIRCRAFT ENGINE
Authors:   Institute of Technical Combustion, Leibniz University Hannover, Ignatidis Panagiotis , Nghiem Viet D. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, Goeing Jan ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbo Machinery, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Oettinger Marcel ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, von der Haar *, Henrik ,   Institute of Technical Combustion, Leibniz University Hannover, Friedrichs Jens ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbo Machinery, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Seume Joerg R. ,   Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz University Hannover, Dinkelacker Friedrich ,   Institute of Technical Combustion, Leibniz University Hannover
Published: October 2022

Malfunctions in the combustion chamber of aircraft engines influence downstream turbines. If individual burners vary in their performance, cold or hot streaks can enter and propagate through the turbine section and alter the temperature distribution in the exhaust of the engine. Analysing the variances in the temperature distribution of the exhaust jet provides information on the failure modes of the combustor. This can be used to identify damage to the aircraft engine, accelerate the inspection process and reduce maintenance cost. To investigate the influence of combustor failure on the temperature distribution, CFD simulations of a defined defect are carried out in this paper for a real size gasturbine engine. For this purpose, the total failure of one fuel nozzle in the combustion chamber, which results in a cold gas streak entering the turbine, is simulated. The cold streak is analysed by performing a turbine simulation for which the combustor exit profile is used on as an inlet condition. The simulations were performed using two different techniques. A frozen-rotor approach was used for the steady-state method to estimate the geometric influence on the mixing. The influence of the blade rotation is considered via unsteady simulation. The disturbance width and propagation were determined for both methods. The mixing and dispersion processes are found to be strong in the high pressure part of the turbine and are strongly influenced by the engine rotational speed.
FACTORES DE VULNERABILIDAD AMBIENTAL, DESARROLLO SOCIAL Y ECONOMICO, CERRO SUSANGA, CANTON CHIMBO
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Muñoz Salazar Rosalía , Hachi Pazmiño Michael Xavier ,   Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana
Published: October 2022

La presente investigación se desarrolló en un período y lugar específico en el Cerro Susanga que, a lo largo del tiempo, ha sufrido variaciones en su morfología convirtiéndose en un sitio que presenta varios factores de vulnerabilidad sobre la población que allí se asienta. En este sentido, se plantea analizar los factores de vulnerabilidad ambiental que afectan el desarrollo social y económico del flanco sur del Cerro Susanga ubicado en el cantón Chimbo en la región sierra del Ecuador, los mismos que fueron identificados a través de análisis morfológico y una investigación básica y aplicada de tipo descriptivo transversal sobre una población de 92 familias a las que se les aplicó encuestas, focus group y entrevistas a expertos de las instituciones seccionales. Este trabajo permitió determinar las características morfológicas, topográficas, geomorfológicas, geológicas e hidrológicas del Cerro Susanga que potencialmente afectan y pueden afectar el normal desarrollo social y económico, como también evidenciar el desconocimiento del riesgo de la ubicación de los asentamientos poblacionales y establecer estrategias que contribuyan a mitigar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad ambiental.
Biologics as novel therapeutics for the treatment of allergy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Atanasio Amanda , Orengo Jamie M. , Sleeman Matthew A. , Stahl Neil
Published: October 2022

Over the last 4 decades there has been a significant global increase in the incidence and prevalence of IgE-mediated allergy. Although much progress has been made in the management of allergyviapatient education, pharmacotherapy and immunomodulatory treatment regimens, significant unmet need remains. Advancements in our knowledge base surrounding the type 2 immune response, production of IgE and maintenance of immunological memory has led the field to explore targeted intervention of allergic pathways using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Intervention at various stages of the allergic cascade offers the opportunity to prevent initiation and/or maintenance of the type 2 immune response and effectively provide therapeutic benefit to patients. Furthermore, a better understanding of the protective mechanisms involved in allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) has led us to appreciate the interplay of immunoglobulins in the allergic response, specifically the benefit in shifting the IgG:IgE ratio in favor of functionally relevant blocking IgG. Thus, treatments that lower IgE or boost IgG with the ability to outcompete IgE binding to allergen also present a favorable approach in the treatment of allergy. In this short review we discuss and highlight recent advances in the use of biologics to treat severe allergy, highlighting the key challenges but also the significant opportunities and advances to date.
Bacteriocin: A natural approach for food safety and food security
Authors: Lahiri Dibyajit , Nag Moupriya , Dutta Bandita , Sarkar Tanmay , Pati Siddhartha , Basu Debarati , Abdul Kari Zulhisyam , Wei Lee Seong , Smaoui Slim , Wen Goh Khang , Ray Rina Rani
Published: October 2022

The call to cater for the hungry is a worldwide problem in the 21st century. Food security is the utmost prime factor for the increasing demand for food. Awareness of human health when using chemical preservatives in food has increased, resulting in the use of alternative strategies for preserving food and enhancing its shelf-life. New preservatives along with novel preservation methods have been instigated, due to the intensified demand for extended shelf-life, along with prevention of food spoilage of dairy products. Bacteriocins are the group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides; they possess a wide range of biological activities, having predominant antibacterial activity. The bacteriocins produced by the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered to be of utmost importance, due to their association with the fermentation of food. In recent times among various groups of bacteriocins, leaderless and circular bacteriocins are gaining importance, due to their extensive application in industries. These groups of bacteriocins have been least studied as they possess peculiar structural and biosynthetic mechanisms. They chemically possess N-to-C terminal covalent bonds having a predominant peptide background. The stability of the bacteriocins is exhibited by the circular structure. Up till now, very few studies have been performed on the molecular mechanisms. The structural genes associated with the bacteriocins can be combined with the activity of various proteins which are association with secretion and maturation. Thus the stability of the bacteriocins can be used effectively in the preservation of food for a longer period of time. Bacteriocins are thermostable, pH-tolerant, and proteolytically active in nature, which make their usage convenient to the food industry. Several research studies are underway in the domain of biopreservation which can be implemented in food safety and food security.
Transformational IoT sensing for air pollution and thermal exposures
Authors: Pantelic Jovan , Nazarian Negin , Miller Clayton , Meggers Forrest , Lee Jason Kai Wei , Licina Dusan
Published: October 2022

Cities today encounter significant challenges pertaining to urbanization and population growth, resource availability, and climate change. Concurrently, unparalleled datasets are generated through Internet of Things (IoT) sensing implemented at urban, building, and personal scales that serve as a potential tool for understanding and overcoming these issues. Focusing on air pollution and thermal exposure challenges in cities, we reviewed and summarized the literature on IoT environmental sensing on urban, building, and human scales, presenting the first integrated assessment of IoT solutions from the data convergence perspective on all three scales. We identified that there is a lack of guidance on what to measure, where to measure, how frequently to measure, and standards for the acceptable measurement quality on all scales of application. The current literature review identified a significant disconnect between applications on each scale. Currently, the research primarily considers urban, building, and personal scale in isolation, leading to significant data underutilization. We addressed the scientific and technological challenges and opportunities related to data convergence across scales and detailed future directions of IoT sensing along with short- and long-term research and engineering needs. IoT application on a personal scale and integration of information on all scales opens up the possibility of developing personal thermal comfort and exposure models. The development of personal models is a vital promising area that offers significant advancements in understanding the relationship between environment and people that requires significant further research.
Why are some plant species missing from restorations? A diagnostic tool for temperate grassland ecosystems
Authors: De Vitis Marcello , Havens Kayri , Barak Rebecca S. , Egerton-Warburton Louise , Ernst Adrienne R. , Evans Matt , Fant Jeremie B. , Foxx Alicia J. , Hadley Kyndall , Jabcon Jim , O’Shaughnessey Joan , Ramakrishna Sai , Sollenberger David , Taddeo Sophie , Urbina-Casanova Rafael , Woolridge Chris , Xu Lan , Zeldin Jacob , Kramer Andrea T.
Published: October 2022

The U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration aims to accelerate actions to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems, and re-establish ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The practice of ecological restoration has made great progress in recent decades, as has recognition of the importance of species diversity to maintaining the long-term stability and functioning of restored ecosystems. Restorations may also focus on specific species to fulfill needed functions, such as supporting dependent wildlife or mitigating extinction risk. Yet even in the most carefully planned and managed restoration, target species may fail to germinate, establish, or persist. To support the successful reintroduction of ecologically and culturally important plant species with an emphasis on temperate grasslands, we developed a tool to diagnose common causes of missing species, focusing on four major categories of filters, or factors: genetic, biotic, abiotic, and planning & land management. Through a review of the scientific literature, we propose a series of diagnostic tests to identify potential causes of failure to restore target species, and treatments that could improve future outcomes. This practical diagnostic tool is meant to strengthen collaboration between restoration practitioners and researchers on diagnosing and treating causes of missing species in order to effectively restore them.
The role of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills in treating chronic heart failure: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Chen Wensheng , Chen Jiezhen , Wang Yuanping , Yan Jiaqi , Yan Xia , Wang Dawei , Liu Yuntao
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Evidence from systematic reviews/meta-analyses about the efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi (QSYQ) dripping pills in chronic heart failure (CHF) remains unclear. This study comprehensively reviewed available systematic reviews on latest evidence to provide reliable information for the clinical use of QSYQ in CHF.

Methods

The systematic review was performed on studies retrieved from six major medical databases. Eligible studies were evaluated in terms of methodological quality and quality of evidence using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic review 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool, the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) was used to assess the risk of bias, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was utilized for assessing reporting quality. In addition, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to determine primary outcome indicators’ evidence quality.

Results

A total of 14 systematic reviews were included in this study, based on which it could be concluded that QSYQ combined with conventional medicine (CM) treatment tended to be superior to CM treatment alone in terms of improving cardiac function-related indices (e.g., increasing the left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] and reducing the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [LVEDD] and left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter [LVESD]), improving the total effective rate and 6-min walking distance (6MWD), and reducing N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Overall, no serious QSYQ-related adverse events were observed. However, the GRADE results showed “very low” to “moderate” evidence for these outcomes, with no high-quality evidence supporting them. Unsatisfactory results were obtained in terms of methodological quality, risk of bias and reporting quality after assessment using the AMSTAR-2, ROBIS, and PRISMA 2020, limited mainly by deficiencies in the following areas: registration of study protocols, explanation of the inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), complete and detailed search strategy, list of excluded literature, description of funding sources for inclusion in RCTs, investigation of the impact of risk of bias on the results of meta-analysis, and reporting of potential conflicts of interest.

Conclusion

The efficacy and safety of QSYQ adjuvant therapy in CHF remain to be further clarified due to the lack of high-quality evidence provided by current systematic reviews.
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs improve the cardiovascular profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Giachi Andrea , Cugno Massimo , Gualtierotti Roberta
Published: October 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 0. 5–1% of the adult population and manifesting as persistent synovitis, systemic inflammation and production of autoantibodies. Patients affected by RA not only experience chronic disease progression, but are also burdened by a 1.5-fold increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, which is comparable to the risk experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RA patients also have a higher incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although RA patients frequently present traditional CV risk factors such as insulin resistance and active smoking, previous studies have clarified the pivotal role of chronic inflammation–driven by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)–in accelerating the process of atherosclerosis and impairing the coagulation system. Over the last years, a number of studies have shown that disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reducing the inflammatory state in general improve the CV risk, however some drugs may carry some apparent negative effects. Thus, RA is a model of disease in which targeting inflammation may counteract the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce CV risk. Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that the management of RA patients should be tailored based on the positive and negative effects of DMARDs on CV risk together with the individual traditional CV risk profile. The identification of genetic, biochemical and clinical biomarkers, predictive of evolution and response to treatment, will be the next challenge for a precision approach to reduce the burden of the disease.
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis reveals common potential mechanisms, progression markers, and immune cells of coronary virus disease 2019 and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lu Yang , Zhao Ning , Du Yimei
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in coronary virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in severe patients. A history of AF can exacerbate COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 Patients with new-onset AF have prolonged hospital stays and increased death risk. However, the mechanisms and targets of the interaction between COVID-19 and AF have not been elucidated.

Materials and methods

We used a series of bioinformatics analyses to understand biological pathways, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene regulatory networks (GRNs), and protein-chemical interactions between COVID-19 and AF and constructed an AF-related gene signature to assess COVID-19 severity and prognosis.

Results

We found folate and one-carbon metabolism, calcium regulation, and TFG-β signaling pathway as potential mechanisms linking COVID-19 and AF, which may be involved in alterations in neutrophil metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial cell function. We identified hug genes and found that NF-κb, hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-124-3p, valproic acid, and quercetin may be key regulatory molecules. We constructed a 3-gene signature consisting of ARG1, GIMAP7, and RFX2 models for the assessment of COVID-19 severity and prognosis, and found that they are associated with neutrophils, T cells, and hematopoietic stem cells, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a dysregulation of metabolism, inflammation, and immunity between COVID-19 and AF, and identified several therapeutic targets and progression markers. We hope that the results will reveal important insights into the complex interactions between COVID-19 and AF that will drive novel drug development and help in severity assessment.
Drug-induced torsades de pointes: Disproportionality analysis of the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Zhou Pengxiang , He Na , Zhai Suodi
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to identify the most common and top drugs associated with the risk of torsades de pointes (TdP) based on the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Materials and methods

We used OpenVigil 2.1 to query FAERS database and data from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2021 were retrieved. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify TdP cases. We listed the most common drugs associated with the reported TdP cases. Then, the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) for the reporting association between different drugs and TdP risk were calculated. Meanwhile, comparisons were conducted with the QT drug lists of CredibleMeds® in an attempt to identify drugs with a potential risk of TdP that were not on the list.

Results

A total of 9,217,181 adverse event reports were identified, of which 3,807 (0.04%) were related to TdP. TdP was more likely to occur in the elderly and females. Amiodarone (464 cases) was associated with most cases of TdP. According to the disproportionality analysis, the top five drugs with the highest ROR and PRR were tolazoline (ROR 1615.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 455.59–5725.75, PRR 969.46, χ2 2960.10), levomethadyl (ROR 1211.01, 95% CI 302.75–4844.04, PRR 807.67, χ2 1677.03), ibutilide (ROR 1118.74, 95% CI 425.00–2944.91, PRR 765.77, χ2 3845.27), halofantrine (ROR 660.55, 95% CI 184.21–2368.69, PRR 519.22, χ2 1076.31), and isoproterenol (ROR 352.20, 95% CI 227.19–546.00, PRR 307.82, χ2 6692.53). Approximately half of the top 50 drugs (22 for ROR, 30 for PRR) were not outlined on the QT drug lists of CredibleMeds®.

Conclusion

Approximately half of the top risk drugs (22 for ROR, 30 for PRR) were not outlined in the QT drug lists of CredibleMeds®. Notably, potential risks are of great importance and should be closely monitored in clinical practice. Also, further research is needed to investigate the association between these drugs and TdP.
Prenatal methamphetamine exposure causes dysfunction in glucose metabolism and low birthweight
Authors: Doi Miyuki , Nakama Nanako , Sumi Takuya , Usui Noriyoshi , Shimada Shoichi
Published: October 2022

Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that induces addiction. Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that maternal METH abuse during pregnancy causes low birthweight (LBW) in the offspring. As a source of essential nutrients, in particular glucose, the placenta plays a key role in fetal development. LBW leads to health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the detailed mechanism underlying offspring’s LBW and health hazards caused by METH are not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prenatal METH exposure on LBW and fetal-placental relationship by focusing on metabolism. We found dysfunction of insulin production in the pancreas of fetuses exposed to METH. We also found a reduction of the glycogen cells (GCs) storing glycogens in the junctional zone of placenta, all of which suggest abnormal glucose metabolism affects the fetal development. These results suggest that dysfunction in fetal glucose metabolism may cause LBW and future health hazards. Our findings provide novel insights into the cause of LBW via the fetal-placental crosstalk.
Trace elements and the thyroid
Authors: Zhou Qing , Xue Shuai , Zhang Li , Chen Guang
Published: October 2022

Trace elements, such as iodine and selenium (Se), are vital to human health and play an essential role in metabolism. They are also important to thyroid metabolism and function, and correlate with thyroid autoimmunity and tumors. Other minerals such as iron (Ir), lithium (Li), copper (Co), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd), and molybdenum (Mo), may related to thyroid function and disease. Normal thyroid function depends on a variety of trace elements for thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. These trace elements interact with each other and are in a dynamic balance. However, this balance may be disturbed by the excess or deficiency of one or more elements, leading to abnormal thyroid function and the promotion of autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid tumors.The relationship between trace elements and thyroid disorders is still unclear, and further research is needed to clarify this issue and improve our understanding of how trace elements mediate thyroid function and metabolism. This paper systematically reviewed recently published literature on the relationship between various trace elements and thyroid function to provide a preliminary theoretical basis for future research.
Over than three-year follow-up results of thermal ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue JiaNan , Teng DengKe , Wang Hui
Published: October 2022

Background

This study is a meta-analysis based on evidence-based medicine to explore the long-term (≥3 years) efficacy of thermal ablation in the treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published during the time between the establishment of the databases through June 2022. We included 13 non-randomized-controlled trials (non-RCTs) that reported the application of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in PTC. We excluded studies that were repeated publications, research without full text, contained incomplete information, lacked data extraction, involved animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews. STATA 15.1 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

Tumor volume after thermal ablation at 3-year follow-up was significantly lower than pre-ablation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.06, 95% CI: -1.32~-0.80). The pooled results indicated that the maximum diameter after thermal ablation at 3-year follow-up was significantly lower than pre-ablation (SMD = -1.93, 95% CI: -12.13~-1.73). The pooled results indicated that volume reduction rate (VRR) after thermal ablation at 3-year follow-up was 98.91% (95% CI: 97.98–99.83%), and complete disappearance rate (CDR) after thermal ablation at 3-year follow-up was 83% (95% CI: 67–94%). In addition, the incidence of newly discovered mPTC and lymph node metastases after thermal ablation was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0–1.0%) and 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0–0.0%), respectively.

Conclusion

Overall, the long-term (≥3 years) efficacy of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in the treatment of PTC was significant, with favorable disease progression. Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation can be considered an alternative approach for patients with PTC who refuse surgery or are unable to undergo surgery.
Nomogram for preoperative estimation of histologic grade in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Wu Zhi-Qi , Li Yan , Sun Na-Na , Xu Qin , Zhou Jing , Su Kan-Kan , Goyal Hemant , Xu Hua-Guo
Published: October 2022

Background

The treatment strategies and prognosis for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were associated with tumor grade. Preoperative predictive grading could be of great benefit in the selection of treatment options for patients. However, there is still a lack of effective non-invasive strategies to detect gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) grading preoperatively.

Methods

The data on 147 consecutive GI-NETs patients was retrospectively collected from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. Logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor grading using preoperative laboratory and imaging parameters.The validity of the model was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

The factors associated with GI-NETs grading were age, tumor size, lymph nodes, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), hemoglobin (HGB) and sex, and two models were constructed by logistic regression for prediction. Combining these 6 factors, the nomogram was constructed for model 1 to distinguish between G3 and G1/2, achieving a good AUC of 0.921 (95% CI: 0.884-0.965), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 0.9167, 0.8256, 0.8630, respectively. The model 2 was to distinguish between G1 and G2/3, and the variables were age, tumor size, lymph nodes, NSE, with an AUC of 0.847 (95% CI: 0.799-0.915), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 0.7882, 0.8710, 0.8231, respectively. Two online web servers were established on the basis of the proposed nomogram to facilitate clinical use. Both models showed an excellent calibration curve through 1000 times bootstrapped dataset and the clinical usefulness were confirmed using decision curve analysis.

Conclusion

The model served as a valuable non-invasive tool for differentiating between different grades of GI-NETs, personalizing the calculation which can lead to a rational treatment choice.
Oil rents, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in 13 OPEC member economies: Asymmetry analyses
Authors: Mahmood Haider , Saqib Najia
Published: October 2022

Oil rents significantly contribute to income in OPEC member economies and could have environmental consequences. The present study explores the asymmetrical effects of oil rents on CO2 emissions in 13 current OPEC economies using a period 1970–2019, and also tests the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Long-run results show that economic growth has a positive effect, and its square term has a negative effect on CO2 emissions in Algeria, Congo, Gabon, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, which validate the EKC in these countries. However, a U-shaped effect of income growth on emissions is substantiated in Angola. Moreover, rising oil rents have positive effects on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Libya, and have negative impacts in Algeria, Nigeria, and the UAE. Decreasing oil rents reduce CO2 emissions in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, and Saudi Arabia, and increase emissions in Algeria. Moreover, asymmetrical effects of oil rents on emissions are found in Angola, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The short-run results show that the EKC is validated in Algeria, Congo, and Libya. However, economic growth shows a monotonic positive impact on emissions in Nigeria, the UAE, and Venezuela. Increasing oil rents show a positive impact on emissions in Angola, Congo, Iran, and Kuwait and carry a negative impact in Algeria and the UAE. In addition, decreasing oil rents increase CO2 emissions in Algeria, Gabon, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. We recommend Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, and Saudi Arabia to adopt tight environmental policies in times of increasing oil rents to avoid the negative environmental consequences of oil rents.
Application of silicon and biochar alleviates the adversities of arsenic stress in maize by triggering the morpho-physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms
Authors: Sattar Abdul , Sher Ahmad , Abourehab Mohammed A. S. , Ijaz Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad , Ul-Allah Sami , Abbas Tahira , Shah Adnan Noor , Imam Mohamed S. , Abdelsalam Nader R. , Hasan Mohamed E. , Abbas Aown , Javaid Muhammad Mansoor
Published: October 2022

Arsenic (As) contamination in the soil adversely affects crop productivity, grain quality, and human health. A pot experiment was performed to assess the sole and combined effects of Si and biochar on growth, physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms, yield, and grain quality of maize. Soil treatments comprised of control (no treatment), As, Si, biochar, Si + biochar, As + Si, As + biochar, and As + Si + biochar placed in a completely randomized design with three replications. As toxicity significantly reduced chlorophyll a (5.18%), chlorophyll b (33.87%), chlorophyll a + b (11.67%), and primary metabolites [soluble protein (54.93%), amino acids (24.85%), total soluble sugars (39.77%), and phenolic contents (25.88%)], while increasing the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 43.51%, peroxidase (POD) by 47.93%, catalase (CAT) by 47.98%, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 59.02%, as well as that of lipid peroxidation in the leaves of maize. In addition, As contamination reduced the grain yield and yield-related attributes relative to the respective controls. Among the soil applications, the interactive effect of Si and biochar improved maize grain yield (12.12%) by triggering activities of enzymatic antioxidants and proline contents and reducing the H2O2 and MDA contents. The combined application of Si and biochar enhanced the Si contents in shoots of the control and As-contaminated plants, while significantly reducing As concentration in shoots (69%) and grains (142%). In conclusion, the combined application of Si and biochar was found to be a fruitful soil amendment strategy to improve the yield of maize and reduce the toxic limit of As under As-contaminated soil. The results of this study may be useful for the cultivation of food crops under AS-contaminated soils, but before commercial recommendation, more trails are required under field conditions.
Technological innovation and the complexity of imported technology: Moderating effects based on environmental regulation
Authors: Gao Xin , Dong Zhaoyan
Published: October 2022

The complexity of imported technology is an essential expression of structural optimization of import trade. Achieving high-quality import opening through import technology complexity under stricter environmental regulations and the increasing urgency of technological innovation has essential theoretical and practical significance. Given this, based on multiple database matching, this paper studies the effect of technological innovation on the complexity of imported technology and the mechanism of environmental regulation on this effect from the dimension of provincial-import source-manufacturing products (HS6). The results show that technological innovation has a positive impact on the complexity of imported technology, and environmental regulation can strengthen the positive impact of technological innovation. The moderating effect of environmental regulation is significant and differentiated at the regional and industry levels. The strengthening effects are more critical in eastern China and high pollution industries. These conclusions provide a theoretical and empirical basis for encouraging technological innovation and introducing differentiated environmental policies.
The primate workplace: Cooperative decision-making in human and non-human primates
Authors: Williams Leoma , Shultz Susanne , Jensen Keith
Published: October 2022

The success of group foraging in primates is not only determined by ecological and social factors. It is also influenced by cognition. Group foraging success is constrained, for instance, by the challenges of coordination, synchrony and decision-making, and it is enhanced by the ability to share, learn from others and coordinate actions. However, what we currently know about the cognition of individuals in groups comes primarily from experiments on dyads, and what we know of the effect of ecological factors on group dynamics comes from larger wild groups. Our current knowledge of primate group behaviour is thus incomplete. In this review, we identify a gap in our knowledge of primate group dynamics between the dyadic studies on primate cooperation and the large group observational studies of behavioural ecology. We highlight the potential for controlled experimental studies on coordination and cooperation in primate groups. Currently, these exist primarily as studies of dyads, and these do not go far enough in testing limits of group-level behaviours. Controlled studies on primate groups beyond the dyad would be highly informative regarding the bounds of non-human primate collaboration. We look to the literature on how humans behave in groups, specifically from organisational psychology, draw parallels between human and non-human group dynamics and highlight approaches that could be applied across disciplines. Organisational psychology is explicitly concerned with the interactions between individuals in a group and the emergent properties at the group-level of these decisions. We propose that some of the major shortfalls in our understanding of primate social cognition and group dynamics can be filled by using approaches developed by organisational psychologists, particularly regarding the effects of group size and composition on group-level cooperation. To illustrate the potential applications, we provide a list of research questions drawn from organisational psychology that could be applied to non-human primates.
Long-term effects of early postnatal stress on Sertoli cells
Authors: Thumfart Kristina M. , Lazzeri Samuel , Manuella Francesca , Mansuy Isabelle M.
Published: October 2022

Sertoli cells are somatic cells in testis essential for spermatogenesis, that support the development, maturation, and differentiation of germ cells. Sertoli cells are metabolically highly active and physiologically regulated by external signals, particularly factors in the blood stream. In disease conditions, circulating pathological signals may affect Sertoli cells and consequentially, alter germ cells and fertility. While the effects of stress on reproductive cells have been well studied, how Sertoli cells respond to stress remains poorly characterized. We used a mouse model of early postnatal stress to assess the effects of stress on Sertoli cells. We developed an improved strategy based on intracellular stainings and obtained enriched preparations of Sertoli cells from exposed males. We show that adult Sertoli cells have impaired electron transport chain (ETC) pathways and that several components of ETC complexes particularly complex I, III, and IV are persistently affected. We identify serum as potential mediator of the effects of stress on Sertoli cells by showing that it can recapitulate ETC alterations in primary cells. These results highlight Sertoli cells as cellular targets of stress in early life that can keep a trace of exposure until adulthood.