bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale knowledge service supply and demand matching method based on subject psychology
Authors: Li Boquan , Chen Suwan , Li Yongyi
Published: February 2023

With the development of modern information technology and global information network, more and more knowledge service providers are transforming to digital platform service mode. As the intermediary of the market, the enterprise gathers the supply and demand information of knowledge demanders and knowledge suppliers together through the virtual network platform, so as to achieve the maximum matching of the interests of both sides. For the actual knowledge service supply and demand matching problem, considering that the cardinality of matching objects may be large. Firstly, we propose a multi-attribute ordered clustering method based on probabilistic linguistic information, which makes the two-sided matching problem in the same ranked class. Secondly, considering that the preference information is affected by the subject’s psychology, based on the disappointment theory, the disappoint-satisfaction function is constructed to modify the preference information. In addition, the expected preference value is defined to ensure that the matching parties are mutually satisfied. An example shows that the method is effective and practical. The method proposed in this paper extends the application of knowledge service supply and demand matching method, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency and personal satisfaction of knowledge service supply and demand matching.
Results of Arthroscopic Treatment for Anteroinferior Shoulder Instability Using a Single Anterior Working Portal Using Birdbeak
Authors: Yamak Kamil , Cetin Onur , Aydemir Omer
Published: February 2023

Background
The shoulder joint is the joint with the most dislocations in all joints. The arthroscopic surgery method is considered the gold standard because it creates less soft tissue damage, shorter hospitalization and surgery time, and less restriction of movement after surgery in shoulder instability. Anterior single portal technique has become popular recently. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the results of the anterior single portal repair technique using "birdbeak".
Methods
In the total of 40 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation between January 2017 and February 2020, this study included 19 patients with the surgical technique of arthroscopic isolated anterior labrum tear repair using a birdbeak from the anterior single working portal. Clinical results were evaluated with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Rowe Score for Instability (RWS) and Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) tests before and after surgery. The relationship between the time to surgery after the first dislocation and clinical outcomes was also examined in the study.
Results
The mean follow-up period of the 19 patients included in this study was 33.1 months. The mean time to surgery after the first dislocation was 18.4 months. The mean preoperative number of dislocations was 5.3. The mean number of anchors used in the repair was 2.1. No recurrent dislocations were observed after surgery. A significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative SST, RWS and OSIS scores (respectively, p=0.000<0.001, p=0.000<0.001, p=0.000<0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the time elapsed after the first dislocation and the postoperative SST, RWS, OSIS scores (respectively, p=0.43>0.05, p=0.39>0.05, p=0.31>0.05).
Conclusion
It has been observed that the repair technique applied using the “birdbeak” from the anterior single working portal is a successful treatment, and further studies are required due to the limited literature.
Mapping and measuring leadership practices intended to foster meaningful work
Authors: Mercurio Zachary A , Myles Tamara , Adams Wesley , Clifton Jeremy D. W.
Published: February 2023

Experiencing meaningful work is strongly linked to occupational health, and organizational leaders can play a role in facilitating meaningful work through various practices. However, studies identifying and classifying specific leadership practices that foster meaningful work are limited. In this article, we distill and clarify major ways leaders might enable meaningful work and contribute a new tool to assess them. In three studies of employees in various work contexts (N = 689; N = 647, N = 351), we administered a set of items measuring numerous practices leaders use to cultivate meaningful work elicited from a qualitative study of organizational leaders and a literature review. Dimensionality reduction techniques distilled these practices into six distinct domains. We then validated a diagnostic instrument to measure the extent to which leaders engage in each practice (the Practices for Meaning Diagnostic) and explored associations with employee experiences of meaningful work, psychological meaningfulness, and related variables, finding strong relationships. The six identified leadership practices are: communicating the work’s bigger impact, recognizing and nurturing potential, fostering personal connections, discussing values and organizational purpose during hiring, enacting integrity through modeling values-based behaviors, and giving employees freedom. Our results provide a way for leaders to assess practices intended to foster meaningful work and a way for researchers to test the practices’ effectiveness. We also describe contributions to research, theory, and practice.
Comprehensive analysis of 1-year-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice reveals advanced atherosclerosis with vulnerable plaque characteristics.
Authors: KOTSOVILIS SOTIRIOS , SALAGIANNI MARIA , VARELA AIMILIA , DAVOS CONSTANTINOS , GALANI IOANNA EVDOKIA , ANDREAKOS EVANGELOS
Published: February 2023

Apolipoprotein E-knockout (Apoe-/-) mice constitute the most widely employed animal model of atherosclerosis. Deletion of Apoe induces profound hypercholesterolemia and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. However, despite its widespread use, the Apoe-/-mouse model remains incompletely characterized, especially at late time points and advanced disease states. Thus, it is unclear how late atherosclerotic plaques compare to earlier ones in terms of lipid deposition, calcification, macrophage accumulation, smooth muscle cell presence or plaque necrosis. Additionally, it is unknown how cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters are affected at late disease states. Here, we used a comprehensive analysis based on histology, fluorescence microscopy and Doppler ultrasonography to show that in normal chow diet-fed Apoe-/-mice atherosclerotic lesions at the level of the aortic valve evolve from a more cellular macrophage-rich phenotype at 26 weeks to an acellular, lipid-rich and more necrotic phenotype at 52 weeks of age, also marked by enhanced lipid deposition and calcification. Coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions are sparse at 26 weeks but ubiquitous and extensive at 52 weeks; yet, left ventricular function was not significantly affected. These findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis in Apoe-/-mice is a highly dynamic process with atherosclerotic plaques evolving over time. At late disease stages, histopathological characteristics of increased plaque vulnerability predominate in combination with frequent and extensive coronary artery lesions, which nevertheless may not necessarily result in impaired cardiac function.
Standardized patients’ training for a high-stakes OSCE: Experience from a French medical school
Authors: Feigerlova Eva
Published: February 2023

Background
Standardized participants (SPs) methodology is widely used in the context of the Objective Structured Examination (OSCE). Training of SPs fornational licensure OSCE has to ensure the standardization and the reliability of SPs. The aims of the present study were to describe a single center experience in the process of the development of the SPs’ training framework for high-stakes OSCEs with the SPs as partners.
Methods : An exploratory single center observational study conducted between 2019 and 2021 describing a workflow during the development of the training framework of the SPs for high-stakes OSCEs and evaluating its perceived effectiveness during a formative OSCE. Data were obtained through self-assessment questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze items of the questionnaires. Free-text answers were analyzed thematically.
Results
In total, 17 out of 20 members (85%) of our SPs bank participated in the development of the training framework comporting three two-hour sessions and its evaluation during three formative OSCE session. Sixteen examiners evaluated a mean of 27.7 +/- 3.6 SD patient-student encounters. In total, 93.5% of the SPs out of 16, considered the contact with students as easy and 87.5%, as comfortable. Four SPs (31%) reported the experience as stressful due to fears of making mistakes. Two themes emerged from the free-text comments of the SPs trainees: “ SPs gaining experience as SP” and “ Concerns for the evaluated students.” Free-text comments of the examiners revealed their interest to debrief the OSCE case in collaboration with the student and SP trainees.
Conclusions
The here proposed approach is feasible and might be useful for other medical schools initiating SP-based assessment programs. We plan to study the impact of the training framework on the students’ outcomes in summative OSCEs. Future research could explore the utility of self-efficacy as an assessment tool of the readiness of SPs. It would also be interesting to follow individual learning trajectories of the SPs.
Physical Properties of [Ni-(Mo/Cr)-Si]:[Ti/Nb] Bulk Metallic Glass Systems: A Comparison Study
Authors: Guddla Gayatri Tanuja , Katta Vamsi Krishna , Ambadipudi Satyadevi , Gandi Suman , SVGVA Prasad , Ravuri Balaji Rao
Published: February 2023

We synthesized Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG) matrices using the general formula [Ni-(Mo/Cr)-Si]100−x:[Ti/Nb]x (x = 0–15 at.%) via mechanical high energy ball milling technique. Among them, one best sample is targeted in each series, based on their superior structural, thermal, mechanical and corrosion properties which are labeled as - NMST6 ((Ni75Mo15Si10)94Ti6), NMSNb10 ((Ni75Mo15Si10)90Nb10), NCST8 ((Ni75Cr15Si10)92Ti8) and NCSNb6 ([Ni-Cr-Si]94[Nb]6). The results revealed that mixing of optimum quantities of Ti/Nb content in the present BMG network helped to avoid embrittlement, overcome strain cracking problems, prevent pitting, and improved corrosive resistance which is essential to suit aerospace and lightweight vehicle applications. The variation in thermal (ΔT, Trg), mechanical (σy, εp, hardness) and potentiometric parameters (Ec, ic, Ep, ip) of all the targeted samples explained in the light of structural variation and glass modifying features due to the substitution of Ti/Nb in optimum quantities.
A machine-learning based model for automated recommendation of individualized treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Verboven Lennert , Callens Steven , Black John , Maartens Gary , Dooley Kelly E. , Potgieter Samantha , Cartuyvels Ruben , team SMARTT , Laukens Kris , Warren Robin M. , Rie Annelies Van
Published: February 2023

Background
Rifampicin resistant tuberculosis remains a global health problem with almost half a million new cases annually. In high-income countries patients empirically start a standardized treatment regimen, followed by an individualized regimen guided by drug susceptibility test (DST) results. In most settings, DST information is not available or is limited to isoniazid and fluoroquinolones. Whole genome sequencing could more accurately guide individualized treatment as the full drug resistance profile is obtained with a single test. Whole genome sequencing has not reached its full potential for patient care, in part due to the complexity of translating a resistance profile into the most effective individualized regimen.
Methods
We developed a treatment recommender clinical decision support system (CDSS) and an accompanying web application for user-friendly recommendation of the optimal individualized treatment regimen to a clinician.
Results
Following expert stakeholder meetings and literature review, nine drug features and 14 treatment regimen features were identified and quantified. Using machine learning, a model was developed to predict the optimal treatment regimen based on a training set of 3895 treatment regimen-expert feedback pairs. The acceptability of the treatment recommender CDSS was assessed as part of a clinical trial and in a routine care setting. Within the clinical trial setting, all patients received the CDSS recommended treatment. In 8 of 20 cases, the initial recommendation was recomputed because of stock out, clinical contra-indication or toxicity. In routine care setting, physicians rejected the treatment recommendation in 7 out of 15 cases because it deviated from the national TB treatment guidelines. A survey indicated that the treatment recommender CDSS is easy to use and useful in clinical practice but requires digital infrastructure support and training.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that global implementation of the novel treatment recommender CDSS holds the potential to improve treatment outcomes of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis.
The vibe of musical and social reward: Listening to beat-based music acts as a surrogate for socioemotional support during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ptasczynski Lena Esther , Blättermann Patrick , Greb Fabian , Sterzer Philipp , Steffens Jochen
Published: February 2023

Music listening is subjectively efficient in surrogating socioemotional needs during the Covid-19 pandemic, although underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We here challenge the generalizability of music-based coping by testing whether the insufficient satisfaction of distinct needs during the first lockdown entails enhanced listening to beat-based music with medium complexity (BBMMC) stimulating the cortico-striatal reward circuit and triggering oxytocinergic propagation. A Quasi-Bayesian mediation analysis on open-source data revealed that, across 11 European countries, more severe social distancing measures evoke a decline in experienced social provision (SP), in turn provoking BBMMC preferences. The latter was best predicted by the SP dimensions of social reward and attachment, suggesting that the partial overlap in neurophysiological processing at dopaminergic and oxytocinergic sites enables BBMMC to specifically alleviate these socioemotional needs, which has important implications for the development of mental health interventions. Finally, a stress-alleviating effect of BBMMC was found pointing towards HPA-activity modulation through music listening.
Periodic Medical Checkup Among Health Workers at a Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Bayor Surazu
Published: February 2023

Background. Periodic medical checkup is an essential component of preventive medicine and health promotion. Assessing the knowledge, perception and practice of health care professional on routine medical checkup set the tone for the general public.
Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 health care personnel, nurses, doctors and medical laboratory scientist, using a convenience sampling method, to assess their practice of periodic medical checkup. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire, with questions classified under demographics, knowledge, perception and practice. Data processing was carried out using Microsoft excel. Data was checked, cleaned and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science, SPSS version 21.
Results. The study found a high prevalence of knowledge among the participants. There was, at least, above 90% on all questionnaire items assessing knowledge. Similarly, participants exhibited a positive perception towards medical checkups. 98.7% said medical checkups are important whilst 99.0% said they would encourage the practice of periodic medical checkup. Prevalence of periodic medical checkup was 91.0%. Most of the participants recommended medical checkups be covered by health insurance whilst health facilities should also ensure an annual examination of its staffs.
Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of medical checkup among health care personnel at the teaching hospital under study, positive attitude as well as a high level of knowledge regarding the practice.
Self-Perceptions as Mechanisms of Achievement Inequality: Evidence Across 70 Countries
Authors: Hofer Sarah , Heine Jörg , Besharati Sahba , Yip Jason , Reinhold Frank , Brummelman Eddie
Published: February 2023

Socioeconomic disadvantage can become ingrained in children’s self-perceptions. These self-perceptions may, in turn, harm children’s academic achievement. Here, we asked: Do children’s self-perceptions help explain socioeconomic disparities in academic achievement around the world? We addressed this question using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey, including n = 520,729 records of 15-year-old students from 70 countries. We identified five dimensions of children’s self-perceptions measured in the PISA dataset, i.e., self-perceived competency, self-efficacy, growth mindset, sense of belonging, and fear of failure. As predicted, across countries, children’s self-perceptions jointly and separately partially mediated the association between socioeconomic status and academic achievement. The positive mediation effect of self-perceived competency was more pronounced in countries with higher social mobility and lower income inequality, indicating the importance of environments that “afford” the use of beneficial self-perceptions. By contrast, growth mindset and sense of belonging were more strongly related to achievement in countries with lower social mobility, suggesting that those self-perceptions might become less important for achievement under more supportive external conditions.
Alexithymia as a predictor of Behavioral symptoms in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Aldawash Fouad Mohammed , Abdelrahman Rasha
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Alexithymia has been linked to several mental health issues, including depression and schizophrenia. Affective deficits, such as difficulty in emotionalizing and fantasizing, and cognitive deficits including difficulty in recognition, describing, and distinguishing feelings from bodily sensations of emotional arousal, characterize the personality dimension known as alexithymia.
Methods: The current study aimed to determine the range of alexithymia contribution to behavioral symptoms among adolescents and adults who did not attend psychiatric clinics and did not receive psychotherapy. Toronto alexithymia Scale TAS-20 was used to measure alexithymia. Items were formulated in the form of positive and negative statements.
Results: Total of 165 Egyptian participants were recruited in the study. Alexithymia predicted physical symptoms with a positive contribution rate of 29% (p-value=0.0001), obsessive-compulsive (OC) with rate of 12% (p-value= 0.0002), interactive sensitivity with rate of 16% (p-value= 0.0001), depression with rate of 26% (p-value= 0.0001), anxiety with rate of 29% (p-value= 0.0001), hostility with rate of 23% (p-value= 0.0001), fear anxiety with rate of 9% (p-value= 0.0001), imaginary paranoia with rate of 23% (p-value= 0.0001), psychoticism with rate of 19% (p-value= 0.001) and the total degree of symptoms with rate of 36% (p-value= 0.0001).
Discussion: The study concluded that alexithymia contribute to the symptoms in rates that ranged mostly between medium and strong levels, and there was no effect statistically significant for the interaction of alexithymia with age and gender in influencing behavioral symptoms.
Ethical Approval
H-B-R-17-Nov: National Center for Examinations & Educational Evaluation (NCEEE)
Case report: Magnetic resonance tracing reveals migratory patterns of cerebral sparganosis mansoni in a child with corpus callosum invasion
Authors: Chen Xiwen , Wu Huiying , Lu Lianwei , Zhou Ning , Chen Zhen , Zhang Xiaochun
Published: February 2023

Background: Parasitic invasion of the corpus callosum is a rare occurrence in cerebral sparganosis mansoni. After the parasite invades the corpus callosum, it can take various trajectories, and can break through the ependyma and enter the ventricles, which may cause secondary migration and worsen brain damage.
Case presentation: A girl, 4 years and 7 months of age, presented with left lower limb paralysis lasting more than 50 days. Blood examination showed that the proportion and absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood were increased, and ELISA of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples revealed the presence IgG and IgM antibodies to Sparganum mansoni. The initial MRI in our hospital showed knot-like enhancement in the right frontoparietal cortex, subcortical white matter, and splenium of the corpus callosum. Within 2 months, MRI showed that the lesion had spread to the left parietal cortex and subcortical white matter, as well as the deep white matter in the right occipital lobe and right ventricular choroid plexus, combined with left parietal leptomeningeal enhancement.
Conclusion: Migratory movements in the brain are characteristic of Spirometra mansoni larvae. When worms invade the corpus callosum, clinicians should be vigilant that they do not break through the ependyma and enter the lateral ventricles, to reduce the risk of secondary migratory brain injury. Short-term MRI follow-up can help evaluate the trajectory of worms and dynamically guide treatment strategies.
Cross-lingual Entity Alignment based on Multi-dimensional Graph Convolutional Networks and Neighborhood Interaction Network
Authors: Mao Dianhui , Zhao Min , Zhao Liangliang , Sun Hao , Li Ruixuan
Published: February 2023

Learning the embedding representation of knowledge graphs through graph neural networks and measuring the similarity between the obtained entity embeddings is the conventional method for achieving entity alignment in knowledge graphs, but many methods do not take the entity neighborhood information and interaction properties between entities into account. To address the above problems, an entity alignment method based on multidimensional attention mechanism and neighborhood interaction, namely MGNI, is proposed. Firstly, Bi-LSTM is utilized to construct the initial feature representation of entities and relations. Next, similar attention (SA) and heterogeneous attention (HA) mechanisms are used to learn entity structure features and interaction features, and the entities are embedded into a unified spatial vector. Finally, entity alignment is performed by integrating the information of neighboring entity nodes. The method is validated using the DBP15K dataset, and the results reveal that all Hits@1 values are above 70%, Hits@10 values are above 91%, and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) values are above 76%. Compared to other traditional entity alignment methods, the performance of each index of the proposed method is superior and now achieves the greatest level. Experiments including the deletion of each module in the proposed method demonstrate that each module has distinct impacts on entity alignment and that the proposed method can effectively increase the accuracy of entity matching.
Identification and characterization of the ZmHSP20 genes in response to high temperature in maize
Authors: Xue Ming , You Yiwen , Zhang Luyao , Cao Jinming , Chen Saihua
Published: February 2023

High temperature is an emerging threat to maize productivity due to global warming. The HSP20 gene family has been reported to promote resistance to various abiotic stresses, but whether it is involved in high temperature response in maize is rarely known. Here, we identified 33 HSP20 genes (HSP20s) in maize via a conserved α-crystalline domain (ACD) scanning. The HSP20s can be divided into 14 subfamilies by the phylogenetic analysis. These genes distribute in all chromosomes and ten gene pairs may occur within duplication events. Fourteen members were predicted to have heat stress elements in their promoters, while seven of them locate in previously reported heat-resistance QTL (hrQTL) regions, accounting for 87.5% of the total hrQTL-related ZmHSP20s. Divergent tissue-specific expression profiles of ZmHSP20s were observed under normal conditions. Fourteen ZmHSP20s were co-upregulated in V4 and V5 leaves after high temperature treatment, while seven ZmHSP20s were stimulated concurrently in the kernel at daytime and nighttime high temperatures. These genes also show co-expression interactions with some ZmHSFs that are key factors in the heat-resistance pathway. The dynamic responses of candidate ZmHSP20s were further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Our study paves the way for further studies on the roles of ZmHSP20s in heat stress resistance.
Prognostic value of albumin to fibrinogen ratio for mortality in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li Liying , Ban Chao , Ruan Haiyan , Zhang Muxin , Wang Ziqiong , Ma Min , Zheng Yi , He Sen
Published: February 2023

Background Albumin to fibrinogen ratio (AFR) has emerged as a useful indicator for adverse outcomes in several diseases. However, whether the AFR could be a new useful indicator to predict mortality in HCM patients remains to be evaluated. The study investigated the predictive value of the AFR for HCM-related death in adult HCM patients. Methods A total of 404 HCM patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median of baseline AFR. The association between AFR and HCM-related death was analyzed. Results During a median follow-up duration of 4.75 years, 45 patients (11.1%) occurred in HCM-related death. The incidence of HCM-related death was significantly higher in the low AFR group (Log-rank p < 0.001). With the high AFR group as reference, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of HCM-related death were 3.15 for the low AFR group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.64, p = 0.001). No significant interactions between AFR and other variables were observed in subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analyses in patients with normal albumin and fibrinogen have showed similar results. Conclusion AFR is an independent prognostic factor for HCM-related death in adult HCM patients.
System simulation of land use spatial planning method and environment management strategy analysis by using machine vision
Authors: Wang Shenmin , Ma Qifang , Liang Hanwei
Published: February 2023

In March 2018, the State Council issued a reform plan for institutions. Through the establishment of the Ministry of natural resources, the planning of the national space system was carried out, and the historical division phenomenon within the administrative institutions was solved by using the transformation of fragmentation. Subsequently, relevant functional departments began to design the land spatial planning system and coordinate the mechanism. From the policy guidance, it can be seen that land use spatial planning has risen to the central position in the national management system. From the current situation of planning control, planning control becomes more and more important in the management process. At the same time, the construction of ecological civilization requires us to examine the regulatory mechanism from a new perspective. Therefore, based on machine vision technology, this paper develops a land use spatial planning method system. The sub-pixel edge detection algorithm used in the system design can obtain the point coordinates on the edge of the gauge block with high accuracy. After testing, we can see that in terms of storage space, the octree map used in this paper can save more space than the point cloud map under the same resolution. Finally, this paper tests the system and finds that: in the land use spatial planning method system, the actual effect of the optimization algorithm in this paper is better than that before optimization, which proves that the land use spatial planning method system designed in this work is effective. In this paper, machine vision technology is introduced into the field of land use spatial planning, and a kind of effective system method is designed.
Risk of cardiovascular disease according to gender and lifestyle behaviors in adults with depressive symptoms: a prospective UK Biobank study
Authors: Lee Su Nam , Yun Jae-Seung , Ko Seung-Hyun , Ahn Yu-Bae , Yoo Ki-Dong , Her Sung-Ho , Moon Donggyu , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Won Hong-Hee , Kim Dokyoon
Published: February 2023

Depression is a well-known risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, how the relationship of depressive symptoms and CVD changes with gender and healthy lifestyle has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the association between depressive symptoms and CVD risk according to gender and lifestyle. The UK Biobank is a national prospective cohort study that recruited middle-aged participants between 2006 and 2010. Depressive symptoms were assessed by self-reported frequency of depressive mood using the 2-week recall method. Participants were classified as having low, moderate, high, or very high symptom level according to the number of days they felt depressed in a 2-week period. The primary outcome was incident CVD including coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and heart failure. Participants reporting more depressive symptoms were younger and more likely to have comorbidities and unfavorable lifestyle behaviors. During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 27,394 (6.3%) developed CVD. As the frequency of depressive symptoms increased, CVD risk also increased. After adjusting for multiple variables, CVD risk was 1.38-fold higher for subjects with very high depressive symptoms compared to those with low depressive symptoms. (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.24–1.53, P < 0.001). Among specific CVD outcomes, a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk was observed in all subtypes except for hemorrhagic stroke. The correlation of depressive symptoms with CVD risk was more remarkable in females than in males. In subjects with high or very high depressive symptoms, no current smoking, normal weight, regular physical activity, and appropriate sleep duration were associated with lower CVD risk regardless of gender. However, eating habits did not affect the risk of CVD in subjects with depressive symptoms. We found that higher frequency of depressive symptoms is an independent risk factor of CVD. This association was prominent in women. In the population with depressive symptoms, engaging in a healthier lifestyle could prevent CVD risk regardless of gender.
Numerical simulation of flow field characteristics and pollutant transport under different ventilation modes
Authors: Chang Xiaoke , Chai Junrui , Chen Xingzhou , Bian Minghan
Published: February 2023

Toxic and harmful gases generated during tunnel construction endanger the life and health of construction personnel. Reasonable design and solution of ventilation problems become the key to ensure the safety of engineering construction. By repeatedly selecting model parameters and calculation methods, this paper establishes a reasonable model to simulate tunnel ventilation engineering. By simulating the distribution of the flow field in the tunnel under various ventilation modes, the mechanism of the turbulent air flow generated by the restriction of jet and wall is proved. The retarding effect of vortex region on pollutant transport is analyzed. The results showed that the retarding effect of vortex and pollutant transport diffusion mechanism resulted in two peak distributions of pollutants. The mechanism of fan accelerating pollutant transport in stagnation zone was also revealed. The time cost law of ventilation saving under different modes is found through comparison. According to the distribution characteristics of flow field and the migration rules of pollutants under various ventilation modes, a new annular ventilation mode is proposed, which provides a reference for the optimization of engineering ventilation time. By comparing different ventilation modes, optimization measures are proposed for specific projects.
Estimating the occurrence of labial bone perforation and implantation into the maxillary sinus maxillary premolars based on the morphology of maxillary premolars: A clinical study
Authors: Kong Zhuo-lin , Tu Yun-yun , Xu Dong-qian , Ding Xi
Published: February 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of labial bone perforation (LBP) and implantation into the maxillary sinus between various tooth-alveolar classifications with respect to the crown axis in maxillary premolars.
Material and methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of 399 participants were analyzed to determine the probability of LBP and implantation into the maxillary sinus when associated with variables that included tooth position and tooth-alveolar classification.
Results The morphology in the maxillary premolars was classified as straight, oblique, or boot-shaped. The first premolars were 62.3% straight, 37.0% oblique, and 0.8% boot-shaped and LBP occurred in 4.2% straight, 54.2% oblique, and 83.3% boot-shaped first premolars when the virtual implant was 3.5×10 mm. When the virtual implant was 4.3×10 mm, LBP occurred in 8.5% , 68.5% and 83.3% first premolars, respectively. The second premolars were 92.4% straight, 7.5% oblique, and 0.1% boot-shaped and LBP occurred in 0.5% straight , 33.3% oblique, and 0% boot-shaped, respectively, when the virtual implant was 3.5×10 mm; and LBP occurred in 1.3%, 53.3% and 100% second premolars, respectively, when the virtual implant was 4.3×10 mm.
Conclusions When an implant is placed in the long axis of a maxillary premolar, the tooth position and tooth-alveolar classification should be considered when assessing the risk of LBP. Attention should be paid to the implant direction, diameter, and length in the oblique and boot-shaped maxillary premolars.
Clinical relevance Preoperative CBCT needs to be used to reduce LBP in the maxillary premolars, especially when oblique or boot-shaped.
Impact of fractionated cisplatin and radiation treatment on cell growth and accumulation of DNA damage in two normal cell types differing in origin
Authors: Akuwudike Pamela , Lopez-Riego Milagrosa , Dehours Cloé , Lundholm Lovisa , Wojcik Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Evidence on the impact of chemotherapy on radiotherapy-induced second malignant neoplasms is controversial. We estimated how cisplatin modulates the in vitro response of two normal cell types to fractionated radiation. AHH-1 lymphoblasts and VH10 fibroblasts were irradiated at 1 Gy/fraction 5 and 3 times per week during 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, and simultaneously treated with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.7 and 3.3 µM of cisplatin twice a week. Cell growth during treatment was monitored. Cell growth/cell death and endpoints related to accumulation of DNA damage and, thus, carcinogenesis, were studied up to 21 days post treatment in cells exposed to radiation and the lowest cisplatin doses. Radiation alone significantly reduced cell growth. The impact of cisplatin alone below 3.3 µM was minimal. Except the lowest dose of cisplatin in VH10 cells, cisplatin reduced the inhibitory effect of radiation on cell growth. Delayed cell death was highest in the combination groups while the accumulation of DNA damage did not reveal a clear pattern. In conclusion, fractionated, concomitant exposure to radiation and cisplatin reduces the inhibitory effect of radiation on cell proliferation of normal cells and does not potentiate delayed effects resulting from accumulation of DNA damage.
GLP-1 facilitates cerebellar parallel fiber glutamate release through PKA cascade in vitro in mice
Authors: Wang Xin-Yuan , Liu Yang , Cao Li-Xin , Li Yu-Zi , Wan Peng , Qiu De-Lai
Published: February 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is mainly secreted by preglucagon (PPG) neurons, which play important roles in modulation of neuronal activity and synaptic transmission through its receptors. In this study, we here studied the effect of GLP-1 on parallel fiber-Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synaptic transmission in mouse cerebellar slices, by whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique and pharmacology methods. In the presence of GABAA receptor antagonist, bath application of GLP-1 (100 nM) enhanced PF-PC synaptic transmission, which expressed an increase in amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (eEPSCs) and a decrease in paired-pulse ratio (PPR). GLP-1 induced enhancement of eEPSCs was abolished by a selective GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin 9–39, as well as by extracellular application of a specific protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT5720. However, inhibition of postsynaptic PKA which PKI containing internal solution, failed to block GLP-1 induced enhancement of eEPSCs. In the presence of a mixture of gabazine (20 µM) and TTX (1 µM), GLP-1 receptor significantly increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (mEPSCs), but without change the amplitude of mEPSCs. The GLP-1 induced increase in the frequency of mEPSCs was blocked by Exendin 9–39, as well as by inhibition of PKA with KT5720. The results indicate that activation of GLP-1 receptor enhances glutamate release at PF-PC synapse via PKA signaling pathway, resulting in an enhancement of PF-PC synaptic transmission in vitro in mice. The finding suggests that GLP-1 plays critical role in modulation of cerebellar function by regulating the excitatory synaptic transmission at PF-PC synapses in living animals.
The Climate Implications of Ending Global Poverty
Authors: Hallegatte Stephane , Wollburg Philip , Mahler Daniel
Published: February 2023

Previous studies have explored potential conflicts between ending poverty and limiting global warming by focusing on the carbon emissions linked to the consumption of the world’s poorest. Here we instead focus on economic growth as the main driver of poverty alleviation and estimate the emissions associated with the economic growth needed to eradicate poverty. With this framing, eradicating poverty requires not only to increase the consumption of poor people but also the consumption of non-poor people in poor countries. Even in this more pessimistic framing and with historical energy- and carbon-intensity patterns, the global emissions increase associated with eradicating extreme poverty is small, at 2.37 GtCO2e per year or 4.9% of 2019 global emissions, relative to a scenario without poverty alleviation. These additional emissions would not affect materially the climate change challenge for the rest of the world: global energy emissions would need to be reduced by 2.08 GtCO2e per year, instead of 2.0 GtCO2e per year needed in the absence of any progress towards extreme poverty eradication. Lower inequality, higher energy efficiency, and decarbonization of energy can significantly ease this trade-off: assuming the best historical performance in all countries, in part a conservative scenario considering recent progress in green technologies, the additional emissions for poverty eradication in 2050 are reduced by 90%. At the global level, therefore, the need to eradicate extreme poverty cannot be used as a justification for reducing the world’s climate ambitions. When trade-offs exist for specific policies or investments, the eradication of extreme poverty can be prioritized with negligible emissions implications. More ambitious poverty targets require more economic growth in more countries which creates more acute trade-offs. The estimated emissions increase in 2050 of eradicating poverty is 7.4 GtCO2e (or 15.3% of 2019 emissions) with the lower-middle-income poverty line at $3.65 per day and 22.1 GtCO2e (or 45.7% of 2019 emissions) with the $6.85 upper-middle-income poverty line. The challenge to align the world’s development and climate objectives is not in reconciling extreme poverty alleviation with climate objectives but in providing middle-income standards of living in a sustainable manner.
A site complex featuring rock art and Middle-to-Upper-Palaeolithic deposits. First data from Cueva del Arco, Cieza, Spain
Authors: Martín-Lerma Ignacio , Román Dídac , Armellini Jacopo , Sánchez-Martínez Noelia , Angelucci Diego E.
Published: February 2023

The southern Iberian Peninsula is a key area for understanding the timing and patterns of the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition. Recently, the excavation and study of new sites has provided new insights on this topic. The aim of this paper is to introduce Cueva del Arco, a complex site featuring distinct caves and rock shelters. Cueva del Arco is located at short distance from the Almadenes gorge (Cieza, Spain) and preserves both Middle and Upper Palaeolithic deposits and assemblages, as well as rock art. Despite being known since the 1990s for its Palaeolithic rock art, systematic fieldwork was never undertaken at the site until recently. We here report the first results of a research programme that includes the systematic excavation of several cavities belonging to the Cueva del Arco complex, focusing on the location and context of the site, its stratigraphy and chronology, and site formation. Research at the site is still ongoing, but preliminary results suggest that the data from Cueva del Arco will provide new clues to the current debate on the transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans in Southern Europe.
Graduate and postgraduate educational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic period, its impact and innovations: A systematic review using PRISMA-2020
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad Harris , Sikandar Muhammad , Yousuf Rabia Ismail , Parkash Monica , Kazmi Syed Jamil Hassan , Ahmed Farrukh Rafiq , Ahmed Kamran , Saleem Muhammad Talha , Zaidi Syeda Hina
Published: February 2023

Background:The study aims to investigate the challenges experienced among undergraduate and postgraduate education and the strategies adopted to overcome those challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method:A systemic review on PubMed and Google Scholar was performed from January to August 2020, yielding 8,847 articles. The PRISMA statement 2020 was followed. Title and abstract of the articles were used to scrutinize them followed by full-text screening based on the set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-seven of the obtained articles were selected for final data extraction. The facts and findings of the studies were also discussed based on per capita income, literacy rate, and internet accessibility.
Results:The selected articles were from North and South/Latin America, Asia & Pacific, and Europe regions. Eighteen of the selected articles discussed undergraduate education, eight postgraduate, and one in both groups. The affordability of digital devices and availability of internet services were the major challenges observed for low and middle-income economies. The ZOOM platform was adopted by more than 90% of the education systems.
Conclusion:In light of this review, it is suggested that harmonized and collaborative efforts should be made to design cost-effective and user-friendly tools to overcome the current challenges and prevent future education crises.
Systemic review registration:The review was not registered.
Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer
Authors: McBride Dillon , Garushyants Sofya , Franks John , Magee Andrew , Overend Steven , Huey Devra , Williams Amanda , Faith Seth , Kandeil Ahmed , Trifkovic Sanja , Miller Lance , Jeevan Trushar , Patel Anami , Nolting Jacqueline , Tonkovich Michael , Genders J. Tyler , Montoney Andrew , Kasnyik Kevin , Linder Timothy , Bevins Sarah , Lenoch Julianna , Chandler Jeffrey , DeLiberto Thomas , Koonin Eugene , Suchard Marc , Lemey Philippe , Webby Richard , Nelson Martha , Bowman Andrew
Published: February 2023

While SARS-CoV-2 has sporadically infected a wide range of animal species worldwide1, the virus has been repeatedly and frequently detected in white-tailed deer in North America2–7. The zoonotic origins of this pandemic virus highlight the need to fill the vast gaps in our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution in non-human hosts. Here, we detected SARS-CoV-2 was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times in Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2-8 months, which disseminated across hundreds of kilometers. We discovered that alpha and delta variants evolved in white-tailed deer at three-times the rate observed in humans. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how SARS-CoV-2 evolution is not only faster in white-tailed deer but driven by different mutational biases and selection pressures. White-tailed deer are not just short-term recipients of human viral diversity but serve as reservoirs for alpha and other variants to evolve in new directions after going extinct in humans. The long-term effect of this accelerated evolutionary rate remains to be seen as no critical phenotypic changes were observed in our animal model experiments using viruses isolated from white-tailed deer. Still, SARS-CoV-2 viruses have transmitted in white-tailed deer populations for a relatively short duration, and the risk of future changes may have serious consequences for humans and livestock.
Nile Red staining for the detection of microplastics: a comprehensive study on the emission spectra
Authors: Konde Srumika , Brackmann Stefan , Prume Julia , Gerhard Marina , Koch Martin
Published: February 2023

Several research groups have explored Nile Red staining of artificial and natural environmental samples to provide an inexpensive and relatively fast analysis tool for identifying microplastics. Yet, most of these studies were based on a limited set of polymer samples, and primarily base polymers were investigated, i.e., uncolored and non-weathered polymers. Hence, the influence of pigments, weathering or erosion on the luminescence of stained microplastics is not yet well understood. To fill this gap, we performed photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy on a variety of Nile Red-stained plastics and non-plastic samples. The investigated sample set includes commercially available plastic samples to investigate how additives and pigments in the polymer material impact the PL spectra via their auto-fluorescence. Besides, we study the influence of surface roughness on the emitted PL. Finally, we examined 20 microparticles collected from the Lahn River using PL spectroscopy to cross-validate our observations.
Distinct biological activity of Lewy body α-Synuclein strain in mice
Authors: Uemura Norihito , Marotta Nicholas , Ara Jahan , Meymand Emily , Zhang Bin , Kameda Hiroshi , Koike Masato , Luk Kelvin , Trojanowski John , Lee Virginia
Published: February 2023

Extraction of α-Synuclein (αSyn) aggregates from Lewy body disease (LBD) brains has been widely described yet templated fibrillization of LB-αSyn often fails to propagate its structural and functional properties. We recently demonstrated that aggregates amplified from LB-αSyn (ampLB) show distinct biological activities in vitro compared to human αSyn preformed fibrils (hPFF) formed de novo. Here we compare the in vivo biological activities of hPFF and ampLB regarding seeding activity, latency in inducing pathology, distribution of pathology, inclusion morphology, and cell-type preference. Injection of ampLB into mice expressing only human αSyn (Thy1:SNCA/Snca–/– mice) induced pathologies similar to those of LBD subjects that were distinct from those induced by hPFF-injection or developing spontaneously with aging. Importantly, αSyn aggregates in ampLB-injected Thy1:SNCA/Snca–/– mice maintained the unique biological and conformational features of original LB-αSyn. These results indicate that ampLB-injection, rather than conventional PFF-injection or αSyn overexpression, faithfully models key aspects of LBD.