bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness, and work engagement, among nurses at selected state hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
Authors: Ilmalwa Werner , Hlatywayo Clifford Kendrick
Published: January 2022

Background: Irrespective of the risk of stress and occupational hazards, health care practitioners, amongst them nurses, stay working in the health care system for years and some remain engaged with their work. Although there are many determinants of work engagement within organizations, the present study explored the association between meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness and work engagement.Material and Method: The self-determination theory was adopted to extrapolate the relationship amongst variables. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure meaning of work, satisfaction with life, happiness and work engagement.  The study sample comprised of 142 nurses employed at public sector hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze data.Results: The results showed a negative relationship between meaning of work and subjective happiness; meaning of work had no significantly relationship to satisfaction with life; Satisfaction with life was statistically related to subjective happiness; and a negative significant relationship between meaning of work and work engagement. Happiness and meaning of work had a significant relationship; work engagement was related to subjective happiness.  Employee engagement accounted for a 15% variation to the relationship.Conclusion: Regular interactions with the nurses is necessary to have the opportunity to consider individual needs some nurses need extra training in certain procedures, job resources such as social support from colleagues and supervisors, performance feedback, skill variety, autonomy, and learning opportunities are advocated for.
Addressing implementation considerations when developing universal interventions for speech, language and communication needs in the ordinary classroom: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Gallagher Aoife , Murphy Carol-Anne , Fitzgerald Johanna , Law James
Published: January 2022

Background: Understanding the factors that influence the implementation of health interventions in the context of education is essential to improving outcomes for children and young people with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). Yet implementation considerations have not been adequately addressed when developing interventions for this context. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a scoping review of existing implementation frameworks that might guide SLCN intervention research in schools. 

Methods: In accordance with scoping review guidelines, the proposed study will be conducted in  phases: (1) identifying potentially relevant studies, (2)  screening and selection of studies, (3) charting and extracting data from identified frameworks, (4) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (5) consulting with stakeholders. Two reviewers will conduct the screening and the data extraction phases independently. Identified frameworks will be collated, and described, and constructs from the frameworks will be categorised using domains from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A draft implementation science model will be proposed based on the findings of the scoping review.

Conclusions: The findings of this review will provide guidance for researchers to begin to address implementation considerations when developing and facilitating the uptake of universal interventions for SLCN in the ordinary classroom, and ultimately can contribute towards improving outcomes for this vulnerable childhood population.
Visualisation of proteome-wide ordered protein abundances in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Tinti Michele , Ferguson Michael A. J.
Published: January 2022

Background: Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite and etiological agent of human and animal African trypanosomiasis. It has a complex life cycle, but the most studied cellular types are the in vitro cultivated bloodstream- and procyclic-forms. These correspond to the replicating, mammalian host bloodstream-dwelling, slender trypomastigotes and tsetse vector midgut-dwelling procyclic lifecycle stages, respectively. Several proteomics studies have reported the differential abundance of proteins between these in vitro cultivated cell types. However, there are no datasets providing protein abundance, from most to least abundant, within and between both cell types.

Methods: We used MaxQuant software 1.6.10.4 to reprocess a recent large-scale proteomics experiment from our laboratory and extracted intensity-based quantifications of the bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes.

Results: We created a web interface to visually explore protein abundances within and between the in vitro cultivated T. brucei bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes.

Conclusions: The protein abundance visualization tool, searchable by protein name(s) and attribute(s), is likely to be useful to the trypanosome research community. It will allow users to contextualise their proteins of interest in terms of their abundances in the T. brucei bloodstream and procyclic form proteomes.
Visualisation of experimentally determined and predicted protein N-glycosylation and predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor addition in Trypanosoma brucei.
Authors: Tinti Michele , Ferguson Michael A. J.
Published: January 2022

Background: Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of human and animal African trypanosomiasis. The organism cycles between its mammalian host and tsetse vector. The host-dwelling bloodstream form of the parasite is covered with a monolayer of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) that enables it to escape both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Within this coat reside lower-abundance surface glycoproteins that function as receptors and/or nutrient transporters. The glycosylation of the Trypanosoma brucei surface proteome is essential to evade the immune response and is mediated by three oligosaccharyltransferase genes; two of which, TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B, are expressed in the bloodstream form of the parasite.

Methods: We processed a recent dataset of our laboratory to visualise putative glycosylation sites of the Trypanosoma brucei proteome. We provided a visualisation for the predictions of glycosylation carried by TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B, and we augmented the visualisation with predictions for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring sites, domains and topology of the Trypanosoma brucei proteome.

Conclusions: We created a web service to explore the glycosylation sites of the Trypanosoma brucei oligosaccharyltransferases substrates, using data described in a recent publication of our laboratory. We also made a machine learning algorithm available as a web service, described in our recent publication, to distinguish between TbSTT3A and TbSTT3B substrates.
Odwilż w Fabryce. Warszawscy robotnicy i struktury Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej w przemyśle w czasie kryzysu 1955–1957
Authors: Sasanka Paweł
Published: January 2022

Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia postaw warszawskich robotników w latach 1955– 1957 oraz funkcjonowania organizacji partyjnych w przemyśle w momencie kryzysu. Podstawę źródłową badań, oprócz literatury przedmiotu, stanowiły materiały archiwalne PZPR różnych szczebli od zakładowego po wojewódzki, głównie dziesięciu dużych warszawskich przedsiębiorstw (są przechowywane w Archiwum Państwowym w Warszawie, ekspozytura w Milanówku). Przedmiotem badań były zachowania i opinie robotników oraz funkcjonowanie podstawowych organizacji partyjnych i ich ewolucja w rytm wyznaczany przez najważniejsze wydarzenia polityczne. Przedmiotem analizy były także czynniki kształtujące sytuację w warszawskich fabrykach, najważniejsze etapy kryzysu i popaździernikowej „normalizacji” zakładowych organizacji partyjnych, główne modele postaw ich członków. Oddolna perspektywa pozwoliła też na sformułowanie wniosków co do źródeł kryzysu wewnątrz PZPR, przebiegu walk frakcyjnych i polityki popaździernikowego kierownictwa PZPR.
Wymyślając wolnorynkowy leninizm. Dylematy ostatniego pokolenia komunistów na Węgrzech i w Polsce
Authors: Przeperski Michał
Published: January 2022

Tekst stanowi próbę analizy politycznej aktywności i języka używanego przez dwóch reprezentantów ostatniego pokolenia komunistycznych polityków w Polsce i na Węgrzech. Jako przykładowi przedstawiciele tej generacji zostali potraktowani Miklós Németh oraz Leszek Miller. Celem wywodu jest rozpatrzenie podobieństw i różnic, potencjalnych wzajemnych przepływów idei i inspiracji, a w konsekwencji odsłonięcie nowych przestrzeni analitycznych, w ramach których można będzie sformułować nowe: pełniejsze i bardziej przekonujące hipotezy i tezy badawcze. Dotyczą one tak ostatnich lat funkcjonowania systemu komunistycznego, jak i punktu startu, z którego budowano nową, niekomunistyczną państwowość i nowy system społeczno-polityczno-ekonomiczny.
Deserción en una universidad pública argentina: Diseño de un cuadro de mando integral para evaluar iniciativas.
Authors: Jaimez Lucía
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo contribuye a divulgar una práctica de gestión explicando el diseño y uso de herramientas de Contabilidad de Gestión en una universidad pública de Argentina. Se diseña e implementa un mapa estratégico y su consiguiente Cuadro de Mando Integral para determinar si la estrategia e iniciativas ejecutadas para disminuir la deserción y maximizar el valor para los estudiantes está bien diseñada e implementada. Se evalúan desde un enfoque multidimensional las iniciativas identificadas como “programas” que se han desarrollado para afrontar la deserción estudiantil universitaria que alcanza al 31%. El trabajo responde a la pregunta de cómo una institución pública educativa mide y controla la eficiencia de las políticas, fondos y programas que lleva adelante para incrementar las tasas de graduación y disminuir las tasas de deserción. El trabajo ofrece una guía rápida para entender y adaptar el mapa estratégico, el cuadro de mando integral y sus múltiples indicadores a las realidades de instituciones educativas de Latinoamérica que invierten recursos para mitigar o reducir la deserción estudiantil. El estudio también contribuye con dos presentaciones gráficas que ayudan en su comunicación al público en general y profesionales no especializados en ciencias empresariales.
Oral Communication Apprehension in Graduate Accounting Students: an epidemiological study from Portugal.
Authors: Carreira Francisco , Silva Rui , Ferreira da Silva Amélia , Martins Silva Anabela
Published: January 2022

: La cuarta revolución industrial está cambiando el trabajo diario de la contabilidad. Los robots están realizando la mayoría de las tareas técnicas de contabilidad. Por ello, se pide a los contables que desarrollen sus habilidades transversales, es decir, habilidades de comunicación, de presentación de negocios y otras habilidades interpersonales. En el desafiante entorno actual, las habilidades de comunicación oral siguen siendo cruciales para el éxito académico y profesional. Esta investigación explora la aprehensión comunicativa oral de los estudiantes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir la distribución epidemiológica de las manifestaciones subjetivas de la ansiedad en la comunicación oral en el universo de estudiantes de contabilidad que asistieron a las diversas instituciones académicas portuguesas en junio de 2020. Para ello, los autores del estudio pusieron a disposición, en Internet, una versión en portugués de una escala de autoadministrada Los principales resultados mostraron que, en un total de 813 estudiantes analizados, 161 (20%) mostraron altas puntuaciones de aprensión comunicativa oral. Este resultado demuestra que, aunque los datos medios generales muestran valores aceptables (50 a 80), esto no significa que no haya estudiantes que experimenten este tipo de problema de aprensión en contextos de educación superior. Esta investigación presenta una importante contribución al conjunto de la literatura, ya que permitió evaluar el nivel de aprehensión de la comunicación oral de los estudiantes de contabilidad portugueses. Se trata de un estudio nunca antes realizado en Portugal en el ámbito de la Contabilidad. En futuras investigaciones, los resultados podrán ser extrapolados a otras comunidades nacionales e internacionales.
Impact of State Government Development Scheme for Economic Empowerment on Community Dwellers of Anambra State Nigeria
Authors: Abasilim Angela Nneka
Published: January 2022

The study examined the impact of Anambra Government Grassroots Development Scheme on economic empowerment of community dwellers especially the youths and women, in all the local governments of Anambra state, in Southeastern Nigeria. The purpose was to assess the major beneficiaries of the development scheme and determine the impact of the scheme on the common people especially the youth and the women. The work is anchored on community development theory which emphasizes holistic approach to development through participation of all tiers of government, from the federal administrative office to the regional and local governments to community dwellers at grassroots level. Primary data was used for the study. The questionnaire was used for collection of data. The number of respondents for the study is 975. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result of the study showed that a lot of the common people benefitted from the grassroots development scheme of the Anambra state Government. The hypothesis stated was tested at 0.05 level of significance to determine if the development scheme was beneficial to community dwellers of Anambra State using one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Z test and it was rejected because the p value was less than 0.05 (Z=0.6.913, p=0.00). The research findings also showed that the development scheme of the Anambra state government had also impacted positively on the people of the state, especially the youth and the women. The statistical significance of this result was determined using Pearson Chi square coefficient. The hypothesis was because the p value was less than 0.05 (X2=887.779, df =125, p=0.00). The study, therefore, concludes that the first tier of the grassroots development scheme of government in Anambra state impacted positively on the life of the community dwellers of Anambra state, particularly the youth and women. The study recommends that more of such development scheme should be embarked upon by different tiers of government and other states in Nigeria should replicate same in their own states. This will be a way of boosting the economy, reducing unemployment, and diversifying economic activities.
Self-management support for older adults with chronic illness: implications for nursing practice
Authors: Byrne Gobnait , Keogh Brian , Daly Louise
Published: January 2022

Self-management is a key skill that older adults with multiple comorbidities require. Self-management interventions include medication management, self-monitoring and self-awareness and self-management often requires the older adult to manage the emotional consequences of having multiple comorbidities. The benefits of self-management for older adults include reduced reliance on the health system, enhanced quality of life, empowerment of the individual and reduction in the burden associated with chronic illness. Many factors can influence an older adult's ability to self-manage, including health literacy, mental health difficulties and socio-economic factors. Self-management support is the provision of structures, services and programmes to support and enhance the skills of older adults in managing their own conditions. Nurses are in a pivotal position across the continuum of care, using both person-centred care and the ‘Making Every Contact Count’ approach, to support older adults to self-manage their conditions.
Intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw for stable and unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures
Authors: Grønhaug Kirsten M. L. , Dybvik Eva , Matre Kjell , Östman Bengt , Gjertsen Jan-Erik
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate if there are differences in outcome between sliding hip screws (SHSs) and intramedullary nails (IMNs) with regard to fracture stability.

Methods

We assessed data from 17,341 patients with trochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures treated with SHS or IMN in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register from 2013 to 2019. Primary outcome measures were reoperations for stable fractures (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) type A1) and unstable fractures (AO/OTA type A2, A3, and subtrochanteric fractures). Secondary outcome measures were reoperations for A2, A3, and subtrochanteric fractures individually, one-year mortality, quality of life (EuroQol five-dimension three-level index score), pain (visual analogue scale (VAS)), and satisfaction (VAS) for stable and unstable fractures. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) for reoperation were calculated using Cox regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score.

Results

Reoperation rate was lower after surgery with IMN for unstable fractures one year (HRR 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.97; p = 0.022) and three years postoperatively (HRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99; p = 0.036), compared with SHS. For individual fracture types, no clinically significant differences were found. Lower one-year mortality was found for IMN compared with SHS for stable fractures (HRR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.96; p = 0.007), and unstable fractures (HRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.98; p = 0.014).

Conclusion

This national register-based study indicates a lower reoperation rate for IMN than SHS for unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, but not for stable fractures or individual fracture types. The choice of implant may not be decisive to the outcome of treatment for stable trochanteric fractures in terms of reoperation rate. One-year mortality rate for unstable and stable fractures was lower in patients treated with IMN. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):274–282.
Relevant impact of surgery on quality of life for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Mens Raf H. , Bisseling Pepijn , de Kleuver Marinus , van Hooff Miranda L.
Published: January 2022

Aims

To determine the value of scoliosis surgery, it is necessary to evaluate outcomes in domains that matter to patients. Since randomized trials on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are scarce, prospective cohort studies with comparable outcome measures are important. To enhance comparison, a core set of patient-related outcome measures is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of AIS fusion surgery at two-year follow-up using the core outcomes set.

Methods

AIS patients were systematically enrolled in an institutional registry. In all, 144 AIS patients aged ≤ 25 years undergoing primary surgery (median age 15 years (interquartile range 14 to 17) were included. Patient-reported (condition-specific and health-related quality of life (QoL); functional status; back and leg pain intensity) and clinician-reported outcomes (complications, revision surgery) were recorded. Changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analyzed using Friedman’s analysis of variance. Clinical relevancy was determined using minimally important changes (Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22r), cut-off values for relevant effect on functioning (pain scores) and a patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS; Oswestry Disability Index).

Results

At baseline, 65 out of 144 patients (45%) reported numerical rating scale (NRS) back pain scores > 5. All PROMs significantly improved at two-year follow-up. Mean improvements in SRS-22r function (+ 1.2 (SD 0.6)), pain (+ 0.6 (SD 0.8)), and self-image (+ 1.1 (SD 0.7)) domain scores, and the SRS-22r total score (+ 0.5 (SD 0.5)), were clinically relevant. At two-year follow-up, 14 out of 144 patients (10%) reported NRS back pain > 5. Surgical site infections did not occur. Only one patient (0.7%) underwent revision surgery.

Conclusion

Relevant improvement in functioning, condition-specific and health-related QoL, self-image, and a relevant decrease in pain is shown at two-year follow-up after fusion surgery for AIS, with few adverse events. Contrary to the general perception that AIS is a largely asymptomatic condition, nearly half of patients report significant preoperative back pain, which reduced to 10% at two-year follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):265–273.
Federalism and female circumcision in the US: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder
Authors: Rosman Michael E.
Published: January 2022

In his article on ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’, Richard Shweder (2022) discusses a federal criminal case in the United States that resulted from a practice that the sect calls female circumcision. Various parents and medical practitioners were indicted under a federal statute that made the practice criminal. Eventually, though, a federal district court held that Congress lacked authority – an ‘enumerated power’ under the United States Constitution – to enact such a criminal law.

At first glance, the decision looked like a big victory for federalism, the division of authority between the federal government and state governments. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence in this area has left a rather gaping loophole: Congress can enact a ‘jurisdictional element’ that tries to connect the regulated activity to interstate commerce. As a consequence, unconstitutional laws can be made constitutional with seemingly cosmetic changes. That is, in fact, what happened to the law that was used to indict the Dawoodi Bohra women.

This response explores whether federalism arguments can be repackaged outside of the ‘enumerated powers’ doctrine. It suggests that federalism may play a role in determining whether the government has a “compelling interest” in regulating a practice under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Because of federalist traditions in the United States, certain interests may be compelling for state governments, but not the federal government. If that were the case, a challenge to a federal law regulating or prohibiting ‘female circumcision’ might succeed where a similar challenge to a state law would fail.
Against legalising female ‘circumcision’ of minors: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder
Authors: Earp Brian D.
Published: January 2022

Defenders of male circumcision increasingly argue that female ‘circumcision’ (cutting of the clitoral hood or labia) should be legally allowed in Western liberal democracies even when non-consensual. In his target article, Richard Shweder (2022) gives perhaps the most persuasive articulation of this argument to have so far appeared in the literature. In my own work, I argue that no person should be subjected to medically unnecessary genital cutting of any kind without their own informed consent, regardless of the sex characteristics with which they were born or the religious or cultural background of their parents. Professor Shweder and I agree that Western law and policy on child genital cutting is currently beset with cultural, religious and sex-based double standards. We disagree about what should be done about this. In this commentary, I argue that ‘legalising’ childhood FGC so as to bring it into line with current treatment of childhood MGC is not an acceptable solution to these problems. Instead, all medically unnecessary genital cutting of non-consenting persons should be opposed on moral and legal grounds and discouraged by all appropriate means.
Remnants of mutilation in anti-FGM law in Australia: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder
Authors: Rogers Juliet
Published: January 2022

This article examines the absence of discussion about male circumcision in the first legal case against female circumcision in Australia, the Vaziri and Magennis case of 2015, 2018 and 2019, where the High Court of Australia prosecuted three people for practising female circumcision. It engages with the work of Rick Shweder on this case, arguing that what powerfully informs legal cases on this topic in Australia is less anthropological or medical evidence, than anti-female genital mutilation advocacy in the forms of literature and activism. These forms of anti-female genital mutilation discourse, the article argues, obscure the obvious comparison between male circumcision – as a ritual or ceremony that results in the production of a man as a man of God or of the nation – and female circumcision, which is understood as a mutilation. In lieu of the missed comparison, the result of this representation in legal and fictional texts is a rendering of the woman as unable to authorise her own agency, that is, as a remnant of mutilation, a rendering that is far from accurate.
Crisis futures: COVID-19 and the speculative turning point of history
Authors: Kaur Ravinder
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 was widely pitched as a potential turning point of history, a rare crisis-as-opportunity by political leaders and policymakers. This claim of being at a revolutionary threshold, an exceptional time in history, and capitalising upon that claim to reshape the political-economic landscape is at the core of the speculative politics of crisis, or what I call crisis futures. Critical in this future-oriented discourse, I argue, is how time is invoked as a good in short supply, a precious opportunity, albeit one that can only be availed within a restricted period. This temporal limitation is what accrues speculative value to the crisis: the urgency to accelerate the desired change and to suspend any opposition to that change. Grounded in the event of the COVID-19 lockdown in India, the article unpacks multiple scales and speeds – of acceleration and slowdowns – that constitute the edifice of crisis futures. It traces how the pandemic crisis was capitalised on by the state, at once, to consolidate India as a commercial enclosure for global capital, as well as a cultural enclosure for Hindu majoritarianism. It asks what precisely is accelerated and what is put on hold, and which events or goals are turned into exceptions within an exceptional moment, such as a pandemic. Finally, the article looks at the modes of ‘im-mediation’ – mass-mediated communication and the activation of pandemic publics – which underpin the politics of crisis futures.
Permitting gender equality in Abrahamic circumcision: the central argument – in retrospect and reply
Authors: Shweder Richard A.
Published: January 2022

To the extent that the Dawoodi Bohra custom of circumcising girls as well as boys (1) has broad support among Dawoodi Bohra women, (2) is motivated by a gender-equal interpretation of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17 of the Hebrew Bible) traceable to the views and sayings of the Prophet Mohammed, (3) is less physically invasive than a legal male circumcision as practised by Jews and Muslims, and (4) there is scant evidence of serious harms associated with the procedure, it seems reasonable to suggest that space should be made in a liberal, multi-religious, multi-ethnic, multicultural society for this particular long-standing family life custom. When and if those four conditions hold, the custom is arguably protected by principles of religious liberty, family privacy, parental rights and equal protection for both females and males before the law.
The use of technology to support children and young people experiencing domestic violence and abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a failure modes and effects analysis
Authors: Donagh Ben , Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Taylor Julie
Published: January 2022

Technology is an ever-increasing part of most people’s lives and it has been crucial for the delivery of support by domestic violence and abuse (DVA) services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Paradoxically, this same technology has provided perpetrators with new and growing opportunities to continue or escalate their abusive behaviours. This article draws on the experiences of a specialist DVA service for children and young people (CYP) in the United Kingdom reflecting on the use of technology in service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied a safety systems approach – a failure modes and analysis (FMEA) to analyse the nature and impacts of service responses. The FMEA shed light on the risks within the environment in which children and young people engage with remote, digital-enabled support. Practitioners, for example, have been unable to determine potential ‘lurking’, whereby other people, including the abusive parent or partner, are present within the room, but out of sight. The FMEA generated 13 ‘corrective actions’ that will be helpful to specialist practitioners supporting children and young people experiencing DVA and to operational managers modifying current services and designing those for the future.
Continuous spectrum of periodically stationary pulses in a stretched-pulse laser
Authors: Shinglot Vrushaly , Zweck John , Menyuk Curtis
Published: January 2022

A spectral method for determining the stability of periodically stationary pulses in fiber lasers is introduced. Pulse stability is characterized in terms of the spectrum (eigenvalues) of the monodromy operator, which is the linearization of the round trip operator about a periodically stationary pulse. A formula for the continuous (essential) spectrum of the monodromy operator is presented, which quantifies the growth and decay of continuous waves far from the pulse. The formula is verified by comparison with a fully numeric method for an experimental fiber laser. Finally, the effect of a saturable absorber on pulse stability is demonstrated.
Dark solitons under higher-order dispersion
Authors: Alexander Tristram J. , Tsolias G. A. , Demirkaya A. , Decker Robert J. , Martijn de Sterke C. , Kevrekidis P. G.
Published: January 2022

We show theoretically that stable dark solitons can exist in the presence of pure quartic dispersion, and also in the presence of both quadratic and quartic dispersive effects, displaying a much greater variety of possible solutions and dynamics than for pure quadratic dispersion. The interplay of the two dispersion orders may lead to oscillatory non-vanishing tails, which enables the possibility of bound, potentially stable, multi-soliton states. Dark soliton-like states that connect to low-amplitude oscillations are also shown to be possible. Dynamical evolution results corroborate the stability picture obtained, and possible avenues for dark soliton generation are explored.
The economic and social value of spa tourism: The case of balneotherapy in Maresme, Spain
Authors: Torres-Pruñonosa Jose , Raya Josep Maria , Crespo-Sogas Patricia , Mur-Gimeno Esther
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to assess both the economic and social value of balneotherapy and spa tourism, being the first paper in carrying out this analysis. The study has been conducted in Maresme, a region of Catalonia, Spain. On the one hand, an Input-Output (IO) model with a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been carried out to assess the economic value. On the other hand, a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) has been used to monetise the social value in this region, taking into account, among other concepts, direct and indirect health profits, given that balneotherapy helps to alleviate various diseases. The results show that whereas the economic multiplier is 1.529 considering the direct and indirect effects and 1.712 taking into account also the induced effects, which are similar to health and medical tourism multipliers, social value generates additional positive value, given that the cost-benefit ratio is 1.858. The theoretical implications of the paper as well as the findings’ implications for policy so as to encourage investments in spa tourism are discussed.
Analysis of postoperative intraocular pathologies in patients with mature cataracts
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Moon Jung Hyoo , Lee Myung Won , Cho Kwan Hyuk
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To examine the prevalence and risk factors of intraocular pathologies after mature cataract surgery.

Methods

The medical records of 115 patients (115 eyes) diagnosed with brunescent or white cataracts, who underwent surgery at a single primary center between January 2018 and August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Dense cataracts precluded preoperative fundus examination in all eyes; however, patients with fundus examination results within 3 months after cataract surgery were included. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with intraocular pathologies.

Results

Intraocular pathologies were observed in 37 eyes (32.2%) 11.8 ± 13.9 days postoperatively. The most common abnormalities were drusen (6.1%), myopic degeneration (5.2%) and diabetic retinopathy (4.3%). Intraocular pathology in the fellow eye was associated with posterior segment pathology in mature cataract eyes (odds ratio, 47.72;P< 0.001).

Conclusions

The prevalence of each intraocular pathology found after mature cataract surgery was unremarkable. This study provides clinically useful evidence for clinicians to explain the risk of posterior segment pathology in patients with mature cataracts.
‘Even in death, we’re being denied our place as human beings’: Geographic Islamophobia and Muslim Cemeteries in the English-Speaking West
Authors: Felepchuk William , Osman Muna , Keller Kimberley
Published: January 2022

Cemeteries are powerful spatial manifestations of belonging and integration for many marginalized communities, including Muslims in the west. This article examines attempts between 2007 and 2020 to establish Muslim cemeteries in four white, English-speaking, Christian-majority (WEC) countries, and the resulting backlash as a geographic form of Islamophobia. These countries are England, Scotland, Australia, and the United States. By drawing theoretically on the geographies of Muslim minorities, Islamic necrogeographies, and theories of Islamophobia and whiteness, we engage five case studies to provide a detailed examination of the Islamophobic objections to attempts to establish Muslim cemeteries. More specifically, we analyse the discursive strategies contained in the speech of hostile locals as presented in newspaper articles. Our analysis identifies a number of key themes mobilized by cemetery opponents to frame the burial sites as a threat to suburban or rural space, often in environmental terms. This preliminary transnational analysis seeks to begin a discussion of conflicts surrounding Muslim cemeteries and the geographic manifestations of Islamophobia in the context of normative WEC space in the rural and suburban English-speaking west.
The European Union is at a crossroads
Authors: Baltazar Isabel
Published: January 2022

This study presents the history of European unity in the contemporary period and how the European federation project was being presented for the constitution of the United States of Europe. Then the way to a European Union with one voice, in the history of European integration, in a sovereignty shared by the States, not always uniting all the members, in the same integration, posing the question of a Europe at different speeds. At European crossroads, it is not always possible to reach an understanding among all nations, on how to achieve this European Union. It is here that the question arises of a Europe at various speeds, in which some states agree to further deepen, and others, or due to the lack of possibility of convergence, for economic reasons, as in the case of the Euro, are left out of certain integration policies. However, what we want to reflect on is that the process of European construction maintains its unity around its fundamental values, although policies can adjust to concrete situations, which do not invalidate their essential nature, ends and objectives, or that is, despite these different “speeds”, depending on the situation and the will of the states, the project itself always maintains the European Union as a whole.
Housing policies in Portugal and Italy
Authors: Antunes Gonçalo , Di Giovanni Caterina Francesca
Published: January 2022

This study analyzes the housing policies enacted in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century in Portugal and Italy to understand whether the comparison between the two countries’ housing domains reflects a divide between the “center” and the “periphery,” or, on the contrary, can be observed as “between peripheries.” This article stems from a comprehensive literature review on the topic, which is divided into a theoretical discourse on housing, a general European housing scenario, and a historical and contemporary framework of housing policies in Portugal and Italy. The literature review seeks to identify the economic and sociocultural singularities of the two countries through official laws and statistical data. Within a fundamentally theoretical comparative observation, this work aims to identify whether Italy and Portugal are contrasting realities within the housing domain—that is, with housing characteristics typical of the center (Italy) or the periphery (Portugal)—or represent two similar realities that integrate the peripheral context of Europe.
Singularidades toponímicas de las islas Pitiusas. La mediterraneidad de un paisaje insular a través de los nombres geográficos
Authors: Ordinas Garau Antoni , Binimelis Sebastián Jaume
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo supone la continuidad en una línea de investigación iniciada en su aplicación a la isla de Menorca cuyo principal objetivo es constatar como el análisis de la toponimia constituye una importante fuente de información geográfica y en la que durante los últimos años se ha producido un importante auge en su estudio y producción científica. A partir del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del mayor corpus toponímico sobre el conjunto de las islas Pitiusas (Ibiza y Formentera) se constata el cumplimiento de los principios de transparencia y de significación territorial con los que se describen las características generales y las singularidades del paisaje y el espacio geográfico. La clasificación y sistematización de los nombres de lugar y sus genéricos más frecuentes y genuinos permiten ahondar en los rasgos más específicos y representativos de unas islas mediterráneas con una marcada identidad histórica y cultural. Es por ello que tanto la metodología como los resultados aquí obtenidos se ofrecen como modelo y contribución al avance de la geografía como ciencia innovadora en el aprovechamiento de la toponimia como herramienta del conocimiento territorial.
The ‘Urban Village’ versus the ‘City for Profit’: Querying NIMBY through a comparative analysis of touristification in Lisbon and Madrid
Authors: Aramayona Quintana Begoña , Batel Susana
Published: January 2022

Southern European cities face the challenges associated with the recent emergence of the formal and informal economies of the ‘Tourist City’ and are the scenario for diverse social tensions. Local protests against these changes, sometimes discredited as NIMBY –Not In My Backyard– have led to conflicts with visitors and local public administrations. However, fuzzy definitions of the groups organising these protests are often found in the literature, as well as regarding the previous urban conditions for and the impacts of their actions. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the protests in the Portuguese neighbourhood of Bairro Alto (Lisbon) and the Spanish neighbourhood of La Latina (Madrid), in order to explore how moral ownership and ‘belonging narratives’ around places are variously put into play to legitimise and/or contest urban changes. We also reflect on the benefits and perils of building strong local identities versus the contemporary global tourism that flows into Southern European cities.
Metaphors of Modernity: Palimpsestic Identities, Polygamous Marriages and Global Capitalism in Aidoo’s Changes: A Love Story
Authors: Da Silva Meyre Santana
Published: January 2022

African routes to modernities have been marked by internal fissures and ambivalences that affect social life and political and economic structures in several ways. In the novel Changes: A Love Story, the Ghanaian writer Ama Ata Aidoo deals with the inconsistencies of modernities, asking whether global capitalism promotes gender equity or mainly contributes to social stratification, generating more complex hierarchies. This essay examines how Aidoo’s narrative utilizes women’s sexuality as an allegory to provide a vehement critique of colonial and post-independence policies, abusive indigenous practices, male privilege and corruption while shedding some light on women’s condition in modern urban Accra.
Videointerjúkkal támogatott 1956-os tanórák hatásainak kvalitatív vizsgálata az általános iskola 8. osztályaiban
Authors: Kiss Mária Rita
Published: January 2022

Az MTA–SZTE Elbeszélt Történelem és Történelemtanítás Kutatócsoport
a 2019-es év folyamán partner pedagógusainak közreműködésével több témában
videointerjús tanórákat szervezett, amelyeket az érintett diákokkal
folytatott fókuszcsoport beszélgetések követtek. A tanulmány az általános
iskola 8. osztályában "A forradalom indítószikrája. A MEFESZ" témájában
megtartott tanóra után szervezett 5 fókuszcsoport tapasztalatait összegzi. 
A kutatási eredmények arra engednek következtetni, hogy tankönyvek
absztrakt fogalmakkal teletűzdelt szövegeinek kiegészítése a szemtanúk
visszaemlékezéseivel a diákok tananyaghoz való viszonyára pozitívan hathat.
A diákok nem az elvont teoretikus megállapításokra, hanem a történelmi
szereplők által megélt, de a saját életükben is hasznosítható praktikus
emberi tapasztalatokra voltak elsősorban nyitottak. A videointerjús
oktatási segédanyagok kiválóan alkalmasak a múlt és jelen közötti
kapcsolatteremtésre, a múlt relevánssá tételére. Ezáltal a történelem
oktatás képes hozzájárulni az állampolgári mentalitáskultúra formálásához
is.
Clinical Issues in Indication, Correction, and Outcomes of the Surgery for Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Narrative Review in Pedicle Screw Era
Authors: Kim Hak Sun , Kwon Ji Won , Park Kun-Bo
Published: January 2022

Surgical treatment for neuromuscular scoliosis has evolved with pedicle screw instrumentation and the improvement of perioperative management. We aimed to review recent papers related to posterior surgical correction with a pedicle screw system for neuromuscular scoliosis, particularly cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, in terms of indication, correction method, and outcomes. The most remarkable change was the posterior-only operation with all-pedicle screw fixations. With this change, operation time, blood loss, and postoperative complications decreased. Furthermore, spinal osteotomy could be performed with the pedicle screw system for severe scoliosis. S2-alar-iliac screws demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of stability and complication, but a question remains about saving the mobile segment for sitting balance, interaction between the hip and spine, effect to the sagittal balance, and proximal junctional problem. The quality of life improvement was more definite in patients with cerebral palsy. The improvement of respiratory function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy was not certain, although an increase of spinal height, thoracic cavity size, and absolute forced vital capacity have been reported. Further prospective studies or randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of lumbosacral fixation, preservation of the lumbosacral joint, or functional improvement considering the different etiology.
Utazás az akadálymentesség, a fogyatékosság és a fenntarthatóság multidiszciplináris és bölcseleti dimenzióiba
Authors: Farkas Jácint , Petykó Csilla
Published: January 2022

A fenntarthatóság elvei egyre inkább teret nyernek a turizmus tudományának gondolatkörében és gya­korlatában. Ennek egyik dimenziója az akadálymentesítés, amit az EU által megfogalmazott keretrendsze­rekben és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó konkrét ajánlásokban is megtalálunk.

Ha akadálymentesítésről beszélünk azt tapasztaljuk, hogy a fogalmat a többség a közösségi élettérben létrejövő helyváltoztatás fizikai korlátainak felszámolásaként értelmezi. Véleményünk szerint azonban az akadálymentesség gondolatkörében nem kizárólagosan annak fizikai megvalósulása jelenti az egyetlen hasznosítható értelmezési keretet. Mint látni fogjuk, az életfilozófia olvasatában az ember alapvető tulaj­donságai között tartjuk számon az akadálymentesítő és az egzisztenciálisan fogyatékos mivoltot is. Tehát sem az akadálymentesség, sem a fogyatékosság meghatározásunk nem eredeztethető – kizárólag – a je­lenkori kulturális és társadalmi kiteljesedésünkből, sokkal inkább az emberségünket adó alaptulajdonságok közé kell sorolnunk mindkettőt.

Jelen tanulmányunk célja rávilágítani arra, hogy az akadálymentesítés fogalomköre messze túlmutat a fizikai élettér elérhetővé tételén, ahogyan a fenntarthatóság keretei is jelentősen átértelmeződnek, kitágul­nak az életfilozófiai megközelítéseknek a turizmus tudományterületére történő beemelésével.
„Ki fizeti a masszázst?” Fürdőgyógyászati szolgáltatások közfinanszírozása Európa egyes országaiban és Magyarországon
Authors: Hinek Mátyás , Dózsa Csaba , Mató-Juhász Annamária , Juhász Szabolcs
Published: January 2022

Jelen tanulmány a fürdőgyógyászati szolgáltatások közfinanszírozásának rendszerét vizsgálja Európa öt országában és Magyarországon. Ismertetjük és összehasonlítjuk a fürdőgyógyászati kezelések igénybe­vételének főbb szabályait az egyes országokban, illetve áttekintjük, hogy a biztosítók milyen jellegű el­látásokat, milyen szabályok alapján, milyen mértékben finanszíroznak. A nyugat-európai rendszerekkel összevetve részleteiben tekintjük át a magyar finanszírozási szabályokat. Legfontosabb konklúziónk, hogy jól működő közfinanszírozott egészségügyi ellátórendszer nélkül nincs versenyképes egészségturisztikai kínálat.
DANÇA E EDUCAÇÃO ANTIRRACISTA
Authors: Moura Cardilo Camila
Published: January 2022

O artigo aborda uma discussão acerca do ensino de dança na escola e sua relação com a juventude, sobretudo no que se refere a educação antirracista e a diversidade. A dança, enquanto conteúdo curricular obrigatório da Arte e da Educação Física, tem responsabilidades nesse percurso. Pesquisou-se estudos já realizados, a legislação educacional e o Estatuto da Juventude. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo apresenta um relato de experiência em dança com o movimento jazz, na rede Estadual do ensino médio em Belo Horizonte – MG. O objetivo foi identificar de que maneira o ensino de dança pode propôr experiências educativas, para a juventude contemporânea, envolvendo uma educação antirracista e que valorize a diversidade. Concluiu-se que o ensino de dança precisa ser inclusivo e motivar os(as) educandos(as); dialogar com a realidade, promover descobertas, valorizar diferentes capacidades e intensificar sonhos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Dança. Educação antirracista. Juventude. Diversidade.
GÊNERO NEUTRO:PINTANDO O PORTUGUÊS PARA A LUTA
Authors: Simões de Santana Mauro
Published: January 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno da neutralização de gênero na língua portuguesa reivindicado por ativistas do movimento LBTQIA+ como instrumento de luta por equidade de direitos e contra a discriminação de gênero. Apontaremos que quando o fenômeno é tratado como uma tentativa de mudar a norma considerada padrão da língua portuguesa, é alvo de críticas e esvaziamento de seu conteúdo político. Veremos que, como objeto de estudo da Linguística, a neutralização de gênero pode ser mais bem compreendida como um fenômeno fruto de contextos de interação verbal sobre formações ideologias referenciadas na materialidade das práticas sociais.