bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La calidad universitaria que debemos tener en el bicentenario
Authors: Carmona Pedro Julián Ormeño , Carmona Pedro Julián Ormeño , Talepcio Judith Davila , Gonzales Manuel Rocha , Jiménez José Ángel Meneses , Flores Fernando Pasquel
Published: September 2021

Cercano al cumplimiento del bicentenario, es necesario reflexionar sobre esta frase: "La educación que queremos para el Perú" que subtitula el Proyecto Educativo Nacional al 2021, y que se relaciona con el título de este ensayo, tiene un relación directa con el quinto objetivo estratégico que indica que “la educación superior de calidad se convierte en un factor favorable para el desarrollo y la competitividad nacional (CNE, 2007)

Y es que la calidad de la educación superior constituye una herramienta estratégica muy valiosa para el desarrollo, por ello el gobierno debe implementar políticas públicas para hacer cambios trascendentales con mayor inversión, fortalecer las capacidades de gerentes y docentes, e implementar un sistema de gestión de la calidad, promover una cultura de mejora continua.

La calidad que se necesita para todos los sectores es una demanda nacional que no se puede postergar más, y estando cerca de un proceso electoral, es válido exigirlo a los candidatos de hoy, que si son electos implementen políticas públicas de promoción, promoción y desarrollo de una cultura de calidad a favor de nuestro país, para esta y las próximas generaciones.

 

Nearing the bicentennial, it is necessary to reflect on this phrase: "The education we want for Peru" that subtitles the National Education Project to 2021, and which is related to the title of this essay, has a direct relationship with the fifth strategic objective that indicates that "quality higher education becomes a favorable factor for development and national competitiveness (CNE, 2007).

The quality of higher education is a very valuable strategic tool for development, which is why the government must implement public policies to make transcendental changes with greater investment, strengthen the capacities of managers and teachers, implement a quality management system, and promote a culture of continuous improvement.

The quality that is needed for all sectors is a national demand that cannot be postponed any longer, and being close to an electoral process, it is valid to demand that today's candidates, if elected, implement public policies to promote, foster and develop a culture of quality in favor of our country, for this and the next generations.
Hybrid learning environments: a significant contribution to the development of technological and collaborative skills in university teachers
Authors: Barriosnuevo María del Carmen Jiménez , Palacio Malio Fernando Bolivar
Published: September 2021

This document intends to show the impact of training in b-learning through MOODLE in the development of technological and collaborative skills in higher education teachers, based on the evident lack of teacher training in the use and appropriation of ICT at the Universidad Popular del Cesar (UPC). In order to do this, a research with a quantitative approach of a pre-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a group was necessary, at a descriptive study level, using two surveys as data collection instruments, one to identify the level of knowledge of the educators on the use of technologies and collaborative skills in higher education and the other one to determine the teacher's perception about the use of technologies and collaborative skills in higher education. In the study, teachers of the pedagogy department intervened with hours of direct classes. The results and conclusions established that there was little use of the technological space, and integration of ICT in the teaching practice. Also, that the influence of training under Moodle in the development of technological skills and collaborative skills was positive.

 

El presente documento pretende mostrar el impacto de la formación en b-learning a través de MOODLE en el desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas y colaborativas en docentes de educación superior, a partir de la evidente falta de formación docente en el uso y apropiación de las TIC en la Universidad Popular del Cesar (UPC). Para ello, fue necesario realizar una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo preexperimental con un diseño pre-test-post-test con un grupo, a nivel de estudio descriptivo, utilizando como instrumentos de recolección de datos dos encuestas, una para identificar el nivel de conocimiento de los educadores sobre el uso de las tecnologías y las habilidades colaborativas en la educación superior y otra para determinar la percepción del docente sobre el uso de las tecnologías y las habilidades colaborativas en la educación superior. En el estudio intervinieron profesores del departamento de pedagogía con horas de clases directas. Los resultados y conclusiones establecieron que había poco uso del espacio tecnológico, y la integración de las TIC en la práctica docente. También, que la influencia de la formación bajo Moodle en el desarrollo de las competencias tecnológicas y de las competencias colaborativas fue positiva.
Evolución temporal de humedales de la región ayacucho, mediante imágenes modis periodo 2002-2013
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge Luis Lozano , Fun Juan Carlos Chang Chang , Cruz Oscar Enrique Tang , Tarmeño Eusebio Idelmo Cisneros , Gutierrez Hernán Oscar Cortez , Gutierrez Milton Milciades Cortez
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación responde a la necesidad de caracterizar la evolución temporal de los humedales mediante imágenes satelitales, su procesamiento, análisis, interpretación y discusión, pues los cambios climáticos hacen necesario tener en cuenta que son ecosistemas importantes de gran interés por las diferentes funciones que realizan. Las imágenes satelitales del satélite TERRA del sensor AQUA, fueron procesadas con el software ENVI y se determinó el parámetro del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), más el uso del Google Earth nos permitió a grandes rasgos discriminar entre zonas de vegetación, suelo desnudo, agua y la variación en el tiempo de los Humedales de la Región de Ayacucho. La teledetección nos ofrece grandes progresos en el conocimiento de la naturaleza, aunque es necesario un mayor rigor científico en la interpretación de los resultados y tener como objetivo eliminar los efectos ocasionados por la variabilidad en las condiciones de captación, distorsión provocada por la atmósfera, y la influencia de parámetros radiométricos geométricos tales como la radiancia, reflectancia, emisividad, posición del Sol, pendiente, y altitud. Por lo cual esperamos que contribuya al conocimiento de datos importantes quedando pendiente estimar otros parámetros como la humedad de suelos, evaporación, etc. a través de la cual se precisará y reorientar la tecnología propuesta.

 

images, processing, analysis, interpretation and discussion, as the climate changes make it necessary to consider that are important ecosystems of great interest in the different functions performed. Satellite images of the TERRA satellite AQUA sensor were processed with ENVI software and parameters Index Normalized Difference Vegetation (NDVI) was determined, plus the use of Google Earth allowed us to broadly discriminate between areas of vegetation, soil nude, water and variation in time of Wetlands in the region of Ayacucho. Remote sensing offers great progress in the knowledge of nature, although a greater scientific rigor in the interpretation of the results is necessary and aim to eliminate the effects caused by the variability in the conditions of recruitment, distortion caused by the atmosphere, and the influence of geometric radiometric parameters such as radiance, reflectance, emissivity, position of the Sun, slope, and altitude. So we hope to contribute to the knowledge of important data pending estimate other parameters such as soil moisture, evaporation, etc. through which shall specify and redirect the proposed technology.
Local indigenous knowledge of salmea scandens (l.) Dc. (asteraceae), a medicinal and nutritional resource from oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Maciel-Amador Olivia , Gomez Rodolfo Solano , Vielma Nadia Mabel-Pérez , Lagunez-Rivera Luicita
Published: September 2021

Salmea scandens is a plant that grows in America tropics and is known for its medicinal and nutritional applications. Derived from local indigenous knowledge, the species is used for its analgesic properties, especially as remedy in dentistry in communities of the southern highlands of Oaxaca, Mexico. Important information on local knowledge and uses of S. scandens was gathered using a bibliographic review and with open and semi-structured interviews conducted in a Zapotec community in the Southern Mountains of Oaxaca. In the community studied people recognize and use two morphotypes of the plant that differentiate by the color of the bark (black and white). We reported two not documented uses for this species, one nutritional and one medicinal. In the nutritional form, the plant is used to season traditional dishes and as the main ingredient of other recipes. In medicinal uses, the plant treats dental pain, gastritis, and boils. Community prefer the white morphotype for nutritional use, but there is no preference for any of them for medicinal use. The medicinal use of S. scandens is related to problems that involve an inflammatory process, suggesting that the species has a potential in the search for new products to treat odontalgia.

 

Salmea scandens es una planta que crece en los trópicos de América y es conocida por sus aplicaciones medicinales y nutricionales. Derivado del conocimiento indígena local, la especie se utiliza por sus propiedades analgésicas, especialmente como remedio en odontología en comunidades de las tierras altas del sur de Oaxaca, México. Se recopiló información importante sobre el conocimiento local y los usos de S. scandens mediante una revisión bibliográfica y con entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas realizadas en una comunidad zapoteca en las montañas del sur de Oaxaca. En la comunidad estudiada, las personas reconocen y usan dos morfotipos de la planta que se diferencian por el color de la corteza (blanco y negro). Reportamos dos usos no documentados para esta especie, uno nutricional y uno medicinal. En forma nutricional, la planta se utiliza para sazonar platos tradicionales y como ingrediente principal de otras recetas. En usos medicinales, la planta trata el dolor dental, la gastritis y los forúnculos. La comunidad tiene preferencia por el morfotipo blanco para uso nutricional, pero no hay preferencia por ninguno de ellos para uso medicinal. El uso medicinal de S. scandens está relacionado con problemas que implican un proceso inflamatorio, lo que sugiere que la especie tiene potencial en la búsqueda de nuevos productos para tratar la odontalgia.
REMI model: Bottom-up emissions inventories for cities with lack of data
Authors: Ibarra-Espinosa Sergio , Ynoue Rita
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Emissions inventorying is a complex task with regulatory and/or scientific
environmental purposes. In South American cities, when the task is performed, the
common denominator is lack of data and documentation, and vehicles are usually
the main source of pollutant of emerging and consolidated megacities. Therefore,
emissions inventories is becoming more important, especially for mobile sources.
In this manuscript we present the model REMI (R-EMssions-Inventory) for
developing bottom-up emissions inventory for vehicles in cities with lack of data
(Ibarra & Ynoue, 2016). The program was written in R (R CORE TEAM 2016)
using several libraries. The program consists in several R scripts organized in
folders with Inputs& Outputs. For traffic inputs uses counts or simulations, and
also, it can be as a top-down method with statistical traffic information. REMI
classifies vehicule data by fuel, size of motor, use and gross weight anually up to
50 years, according to EEA/EMEP guidelines and Copert (Ntziachristos, 2014).
REMI has several options for emission factors, 1) Emission factors from
Ntziachristos (2014), 2) local emission factors or 3) mixed emission factors. In the
future REMI will include HBEFA emission factors. REMI also incorporates
deterioration factors. Currently REMI estimate hot-engine emissions of 27
pollutants.

Keywords: REMI, vehicular, emissions inventory, R, bottom-up.
A Historical Overview of the Mental Health Expert in England Until the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Grobler Chazanne
Published: September 2021

Throughout history, the use of mental health professionals as expert witnesses has elicited criticism. The criticism stemmed from the alleged lack of scientific rigour in mental health sciences and the accompanying bias of expert witnesses. As the use of mental health professionals in court increased, so did the associated problems, with bias remaining at the forefront. The same challenges plague the South African courts today and despite various evidentiary and procedural rules2 aimed at addressing the problems, these have not achieved much success. The contribution traces the origins of the expert witness, in particular the mental health expert, in the English legal system until the nineteenth century. By examining the shift in the position of the expert witness from a neutral informant in the eighteenth century to a partisan witness in the nineteenth century, a parallel is drawn between the historical position in England and the current position in South Africa. Drawing on the past failures and successes of the English legal system in this regard, and briefly considering the current position in England, recommendations are made to address the problem of partisan mental health experts within the South African context.
The Protection of Refugee Children in Africa: Post-Convention on The Rights of The Child
Authors: Ndimurwimo Leah A , Vundamina Molya
Published: September 2021

The plight of refugees is currently one of the concerning global human rights issues. The refugee population is largely comprised of women and children who become displaced during armed conflicts; this is because the majority of persons killed or who become victims of forced disappearance are men. Forcibly displaced children face direct physical threats, as well as a variety of health-related problems. Although forcibly displaced children generally include those who are not refugees, this contribution is only concerned with refugee children. Refugee children are vulnerable to different types of abuse and exploitation, and often become the target of discrimination, sexual exploitation and social marginalisation in the refugee transit camps and countries of exile. Although the Convention on the Rights of Child, 1989 was adopted to protect children’s rights worldwide, the true impact of these provisions remains uncertain. This contribution examines the extent to which the adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child is promoted in Africa. This study compares the situation in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia to pinpoint the legal and practical challenges that face refugee children in those countries. The contribution concludes with recommended solutions for effectively protecting and promoting refugee children’s rights in Africa.
Keeping The Natives in Their Place: The Ideology of White Supremacy and The Flogging of African Offenders in Colonial Natal – Part 2
Authors: Peté Stephen
Published: September 2021

The political economy of colonial Natal was based on a coercive and hierarchical racial order. Over decades, the white colonists struggled to assert their power over the indigenous inhabitants of the colony, and to force them off their land and into wage labour in service of the white colonial economy. This process resulted in ongoing resistance on the part of the indigenous population, which ultimately manifested as a series of rebellions and revolts throughout the colonial period, and which were met with force by the white colonists. White colonial ideology was shaped by the violent and adversarial nature of the social, political and economic relations between white and black in the colony. It was also influenced by the broader global context, within which colonisation was justified by racist variants of the theory of Social Darwinism. Driven by a strange mix of deep insecurity and fear on the one hand and racist paternalism on the other, the white settlers of colonial Natal developed a variant of white supremacist ideology with a special flavour. Nowhere was this more apparent than in their near obsession with flogging as the most appropriate manner of dealing with, in particular, African offenders. By closely examining a series of public debates that took place in the colony of Natal between 1876 and 1906, this contribution seeks to excavate the various nuanced strands of thinking that made up the ideology of white supremacy in the colony at the time.
The Contribution of Papyrus Ashmolean Museum 1945.97 (“Naunakht’s Will & Related Documents”) to Our Understanding of The Ancient Egyptian Testamentary Disposition and Succession Law
Authors: van Blerk Nicolaas J
Published: September 2021

The New Kingdom Papyrus Ashmolean Museum 1945.97 (better known as “Naunakht’s will and related documents”) can assist us in gaining a better understanding of ancient Egyptian testamentary dispositions and its succession law. A problem that must be borne in mind when studying any ancient text, is that one should never impose modern legal concepts on these ancient texts. Nonetheless, these ancient texts may contain building blocks of later legal concepts. In particular, Naunakht’s will may provide valuable information on concepts and elements pertaining to succession law in general. In addition, it may provide further valuable information on testamentary dispositions in particular and may indicate that the building blocks of succession law are much older than Roman law.
The Ancient Egyptian Testamentary Disposition
Authors: van Blerk Nico
Published: September 2021

This contribution discusses the ancient Egyptian testamentary disposition document as an arrangement made prior to death. It discusses from a legal perspective different documents used for this purpose. The purpose of a testamentary disposition was to make decisions about one’s assets before death. An attempt is made to indicate that the testamentary disposition document was used from very early in ancient Egyptian history and different documents were used as a will by the testator/testatrix. The purpose of the testamentary disposition was, essentially, to alter the customary intestate succession law. The initial emphasis and connection with religion diminished as different documents were used to make provision prior to death of what was to become of one’s estate. Studying these different testamentary dispositions, we may learn more about testate succession law in ancient Egypt.
Developing Criteria for the Identification of Suitable Agricultural Land for Expropriation and Redistribution in South Africa: Lessons Learnt from Namibia
Authors: Kotzé Tina
Published: September 2021

There has been a plethora of policy initiatives and academic debate focusing on how land should be acquired in South Africa for redistribution purposes and, if expropriation is to take place, at what value or for how much compensation. However, little attention has been paid to how land will be identified for acquisition in general, and expropriation specifically, for redistribution purposes. Therefore, the aim of this article is not to explore which approach is more suitable for specifically acquiring agricultural land, but rather how agricultural land should be identified prior to being acquired, specifically through expropriation, for redistribution purposes. To this end, the approach and criteria for identifying suitable agricultural land for expropriation as provided for in Namibia’s regulations to the Agricultural (Commercial) Land Reform Act 6 of 1995 may prove to be useful in formulating criteria for the South African context. The article concludes with the recommendation that for the sake of a transparent, procedurally fair and effective redistribution process in South Africa, objective, nonarbitrary criteria for identifying suitable agricultural land for redistribution purposes should be developed and provided for in regulations or policy. The development of criteria for identifying suitable agricultural land will provide the South African government with a useful tool in selecting agricultural land for acquisition and redistribution. The use of the criteria will not only contribute to a transparent, non-arbitrary and procedurally fair selection process, but will also assist landowners in determining the likelihood of their land being earmarked for redistribution.
Protecting Quasi-Possession of Electricity Supply with the Mandament van Spolie – Has the Supreme Court of Appeal Switched Off this Possibility? [A Discussion of Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Masinda 2019 5 SA 386 (SCA)]
Authors: Marais EJ
Published: September 2021

In Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd v Masinda 2019 5 SA 386 (SCA) (“Masinda”), the Supreme Court of Appeal had to decide whether the mandament van spolie is available for restoring quasi-possession of electricity supply. The respondent used the mentioned supply, which was sourced in contract, at her home. The court ruled that the spoliation remedy does not protect the quasi-possession of rights sourced in contract. For its quasi-possession to enjoy possessory protection, the right must be in the nature of a servitude, be registered or flow from legislation. This emphasis on the source of the right is problematic for two reasons. First, it contradicts certain common-law authorities which reveal that the quasi-possession of electricity supply sourced in contract does, in fact, enjoy protection under the spoliation remedy. This applies as long as the supply is a gebruiksreg (use right) and the spoliatus performs physical acts associated with the right on immovable property. Secondly, (over)emphasising the source of the right potentially undermines various fundamental rights. When the common law is open to several possible interpretations, as seems to be the case with quasi-possession, the supremacy of the Constitution and the single-system-of-law principle require that courts choose the interpretation that upholds (rather than impairs) constitutional rights. In the Masinda case, the court unfortunately opted for an understanding of quasi-possession which seems to undermine the Constitution. For these reasons, the decision is an unwelcome development.
A Trans Man as a “Gestational Parent”: Trans Parenting and the Best Interests of the Child
Authors: Clark Brigitte
Published: September 2021

The understanding of gender identities has evolved in response to legislative, policy, political, cultural and social change, but despite these shifts, transgender issues remain under‐explored, and marginalised in South African law and society generally. Transgender is an umbrella term for a person whose gender identity, and gender expression, do not conform to that normatively associated with the gender they were assigned at birth, and for persons who are gender transgressive. Transgender parenting constitutes a direct challenge to “normal” notions of family as transgender parents challenge traditional assumptions about families. Although some jurisdictions have moved beyond gender categories to broader categories of gender‐inclusive parenting, there is no legislative provision in South African law for transgender parents who conceive after having legally transitioned but not having undertaken gender reassignment surgery. After an analysis of recent case law in England and advances in reproductive medical science in this area, this article focuses particularly on whether the registration of trans parents in their chosen legal gender (or as a genderneutral parent) conflicts with the best interests of their children in relation to the lived reality of their children’s lives, the rights of trans parents and children to privacy and family life, and the children’s rights to know their genetic origins. After considering whether the rights of trans parents should be limited in the interests of their children, the article argues that South African legislation and case law should advance beyond the gendered, heteronormative concept of the family currently in operation so as not to limit the rights of trans parents. An administratively coherent system of birth registration that is in the best interests of children could be realised by changing the legal nomenclature to reflect the biological role of the trans parent without the binary connotations of gender.
Transforming the Law on Psychiatric Lesions
Authors: Zitzke Emile
Published: September 2021

In this article, I trace the development in the law of delict of recognising general damages claims on account of psychiatric lesions with the aim of making suggestions on how to transform it. Using the tragic case of Michael Komape as a springboard for the discussion, I argue that even though the Supreme Court of Appeal has recently brought clarity on the law on psychiatric lesions, more transformative work still needs to be done. More specifically, this article contends that the constitutional right to bodily and psychological integrity might require us to rethink the high evidentiary threshold that courts have set for proving the element of harm in cases related to psychiatric lesions. I argue that this can be done in at least three ways: First, by very cautiously bringing about a development that would involve protecting victims of psychological harm whose expert witnesses are shown to be inadequate despite all other facts indicating the existence of a psychiatric lesion. Secondly, by lowering the requirement of “recognised psychiatric lesion” to “grievous mental injury”, in line with similar arguments made in England. Thirdly, and most controversially, by acknowledging that perhaps the time has come for our law to recognise claims for so-called “grief in the air”.
The Doctrine of Subjective Rights, the Actio Iniuriarum and the Constitution: A Convergent Doctrinal Basis for the Law of Personality
Authors: Visser CJ
Published: September 2021

This article revisits the doctrinal basis of the positive law in protecting the human personality as a legal interest given the approach adopted by the judiciary. In terms of this approach, based on common law and constitutional considerations, the human personality is not articulated as a composite interest (ie the human personality is not doctrinally conceptualised as consisting of various discrete personality rights). Arguably, such an approach denigrates the traditional view that the human personality ought to be protected as a composite interest in law. Therefore, this article interrogates more carefully the doctrinal basis of the law of personality from the perspective of the common law and the Constitution in the light of the controversial nature of the judiciary’s recent approach. In this regard, the article finds that there is an overlap, or more specifically a convergence, between common-law personality rights (as premised on the doctrine of subjective rights and the actio iniuriarum) and fundamental constitutional rights regarding the human personality. The article demonstrates that in terms of scope (ie the various personality interests recognised in positive law) and framework (ie the differentiation and adjudication of the different personality interests in positive law), both the common law and the Constitution attest to the composite nature of the human personality as a legal interest. On this basis, I argue that such convergence enables the creation of a single and integrated doctrinal basis for the post-constitutional operation of the human personality as a legal interest. It is further argued that such a single and integrated doctrinal basis provides the foundation for the further constitutionalisation of the law of personality in terms of a transformative constitutionalism paradigm and the horizontal application of the Constitution.
Does the Aggravated Sentencing Regime under the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998 Violate Freedom of Association? A Constitutional and Comparative Analysis
Authors: van der Linde Delano Cole
Published: September 2021

In terms of section 10(3) of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998 (“POCA”), a court may impose an aggravated sentence on a criminal offender if the offender was a gang member at the time of the commission of a crime. The court is entitled to apply section 10(3) to the sentencing of any common-law or statutory offence, save for the gang-related offences in Chapter 4 of POCA. As aggravated punishment is attached directly to a person’s status as a gang member, one must question whether such aggravated punishment does not violate the right to freedom of association in section 18 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Section 18 is an unqualified right and subject only to the limitations clause under section 36 of the Constitution. The purpose of this contribution is to investigate whether the associational freedom guaranteed by the Constitution may be limited in light of considerations under international law (such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) as well as foreign law (specifically the United States and Germany). The consensus is, broadly speaking, that persons are nondeserving of associational protection where the conduct connected to such an association is criminal in nature. Increased criminal consequences are justifiable where a person’s unlawful conduct is also connected to their status and activity as a member of a criminal organisation. However, increased criminal consequences based merely on a person’s membership of a criminal organisation, as is the case in terms of section 10(3) of POCA, is considered arbitrary and irrational. The conclusion is that section 10(3) of POCA should be amended so that it applies only to crimes that are related to a convicted person’s gang-related activities.
A Doctrinal Assessment of the Insolvency Frameworks of African Countries in Coping with the Pandemic-Triggered Economic Crisis
Authors: Iheme Williams C , Mba Sanford U
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has no doubt impacted all countries of the world. In its wake, it has left a trail of mortality and an economic crisis of immense proportions. As the virus continues to mutate and containment measures are introduced, the economic challenges posed by the pandemic continue to be felt by households and businesses. By arguing that times of economic crises provide an auspicious occasion for countries to rework their insolvency frameworks and their debt restructuring regimes, this article interrogates the existing debt restructuring regimes in both Kenya and Nigeria, as provided for in the Kenyan Insolvency Act 2015 and the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020, and considers the role of their statutes and institutions created to facilitate debt restructuring. The article further highlights key defects and proposes important and critical changes to these legal frameworks to ensure that they are sufficiently responsive to the pandemic-triggered crisis.
The Role of the Judiciary in Foreign Affairs To Be Duly Recognised, with Special Reference to the Supreme Court of the USA
Authors: Eksteen Riaan
Published: September 2021

The judiciary’s influence on foreign affairs has been neglected for too long as the focus has been confined to the role of the two political branches – thus, a state-centrism orientation. Studies on foreign affairs confirm this omission. Hence, the question: what is the role of the judiciary in foreign affairs and what precisely is its influence? Consequential decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States (“SCOTUS”) underscore the extent of the court’s engagement with foreign policy-related issues. While the political branches of government most directly determine foreign-policy outcomes, the contribution of the court by way of its relevance and influence is no less significant. Its impact is incontrovertible. The executive can no longer assume that its actions in foreign affairs will not be scrutinised and evaluated constitutionally. Presidential decisions often stem from overreach, especially in matters with implications for foreign affairs. Over the years, it has become increasingly apparent that the President is not immune from rebuke. SCOTUS is the only constitutional interpreter and consequently a vital compass. The result is that the executive has to bend to the judiciary. The latter will not accommodate the former when its judicial mandate is to interpret the Constitution in order to make clear what the executive has decreed, however unpalatable that may be to the executive. The response by SCOTUS is no longer confined to single, isolated cases; it has become widespread. The court no longer shies away from displaying judicial power when it is faced with cases dealing with foreign affairs. What SCOTUS has declared unequivocally is that when the political branches are allowed to switch the Constitution on or off at will, this will lead to a regime in which the executive, and not SCOTUS, says what the law is. This article concludes that the recognition of this role of SCOTUS in foreign affairs is long overdue.
The Importance of The Dental Hygienist in Implantology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Caporaso Lucia , Bissoli Alessandra , Iarussi Francesca , Pulcini Riccardo , Dolci Marco , D'Agostino Silvia
Published: September 2021

Dental implants have become a standard treatment in the replacement of missing teeth. If maintaining good oral health in a mouth without prosthetic elements requires proper self oral hygiene and professional maintenance, preserving implant health requires even more accuracy and consistency. Dental hygienists are fundamental in the management of the bacterial biofilm, in the context of prevention, education and professional treatment of the patient. This review explores the importance and the role of the dental hygienist in oral implantology.
JOHANN SEBASTİAN BACH’IN İYİ TAMPERE EDİLMİŞ KLAVYE, I. KİTAP RE MAJÖR PRELÜD BWV 850’NİN ARMONİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZDALGA Yakup
Published: September 2021

Barok dönem bestecilerinden Johann Sebastian Bach hem kullandığı armonik dil hem de döneminin ötesindeki armoni ve bestecilik anlayışıyla Klasik Batı Müziğine yön vermiş bestecilerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada; piyano ve klavsen yorumcuları tarafından çalınması, hafızada tutulması ve ikna edici bir şekilde yorumlanması oldukça zor ve karmaşık bir eser olan İyi Tampere Edilmiş Klavye, I. Kitap, Re Majör Prelüd, BWV 850 eserinin armonik analizinin ayrıntılı ve derinlemesine incelenmesi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma klasik müzikle uğraşan bireyler açısından oldukça faydalı, J. S. Bach’ın armonik dilinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve tonal armoninin kurallarının daha iyi kavranabilmesi açılarından da eğitici olacaktır.
PENGUNAAN METODE TANYA JAWAB UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBACA DAN MENULIS LAMBANG BILANGAN PADA SISWA KELAS II.A SDN MEKARSARI 06 KECAMATAN TAMBUN SELATAN KABUPATEN BEKASI DI SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: SOLIHATI RUNAH
Published: September 2021

Metode tanya jawab termasuk metode yang digunakan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran. Bertanya memiliki peranan penting dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Pertanyaan yang tersusun dengan baik dan tehnik pengajuan yang tepat akan meningkatkan partisipasi siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, membangkitkan minat dan rasa ingin tahu siswa terhadap permasalahan yang sedang dibicarakan, mengembangkan pola berpikir dan belajar aktif siswa dan memusatkan perhatian murid terhadap masalah yang sedang dibahas. Menurut Drs. Soetomo metode Tanya jawab adalah suatu metode dimana guru menggunakan/memberikan pertanyaan kepada siswa dan siswa menjawab, atau sebaliknya siswa bertanya pada guru an dan guru menjawab peranyaan siswa. Pengumpulan data ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan teknik tes dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan memperoleh data hasil belajar materi membaca dan menulis lambang bilangan siswa setelah proses pembelajaran dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan dari pembelajaran setelah diterapkannya metode tanya jawab pada tes formatif siklus I, dan siklus II. Tingkat hasil belajar membaca dan menullis lambang bilangan pada siswa kelas II.A SDN Mekarsari 06 Kecamatan Tambun Selatan Kabupaten Bekasi,  sebelum diterapkannya metode tanya jawab masih sangat rendah belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang ditentukan untuk mata pelajaran membaca dan menulis lambang bilangan yaitu ≥65. Hasil peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran mateamtika dengan metode tanya jawab sudah mencapai indikator. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata hasil belajar materi membaca dan menulis labang bilangan yang mengalami peningkatan dari mulai pra tindakan ke siklus I, dari siklus I ke siklus II
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL IPA PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 2 CIKARANG BARAT KABUPATEN BEKASI MELALUI METODE DISKUSI DI SEMESTER 1 TAHUN 2018/2019
Authors: PRIYANTO EDI
Published: September 2021

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peningkatan hasil belajar IPA materi objek IPA dan pengukurannya dengan penerapan model pembelajaran direct instruction melalui metode diskusi. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Cikarang Barat Kabupaten Bekasi sejumlah 26 siswa. waktu peneltian ini dilaksanakan pada semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 selama 4 Bulan. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif adalah data yang diperoleh dari hasil tes formatif pada setiap siklus. Sedangkan data kualitatif berupa hasil observasi pada tiap siklus pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh kemudian konversikan dengan kriteria keberhasilan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar siswa dapat diketahui bagaimana peningkatannya. Hasil penelitian penerapan model pembelajaran direct instruction melalui metode diskusi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA materi objek IPA dan pengukurannya, pada pada pra siklus 58,27 dengan 11 yang tuntas dari 26 siswa, meningkat pada siklus I pertemuan 1 yaitu 63,27 dengan 12 siswa yang tuntas, pada siklus I pertemuan 2 yaitu 68,27 dengan 13 siswa yang tuntas selanjutnya pada siklus II pertemuan 1 meningkat lagi yaitu 74,81 dengan 16 siswa yang tuntas dari 26 siswa, pada siklus II pertemuan 2 meningkat lagi yaitu 87,50  dengan 24 siswa yang tuntas dari 26 siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Cikarang Barat Kabupaten Bekasi. Sedangkan persentase ketuntasan juga meningkat dari pra siklus 42,31%, meningkat pada siklus I pertemuan 1 sejumlah 46,15%, pada siklus I pertemuan 2 sejumlah 50%, meningkat menjadi 61,54% pada siklus II pertemuan 1 dan meningkat lagi menjadi 92,31% pada siklus II pertemuan 2.. Dari data penelitian didapatkan bahawa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar IPA materi objek IPA dan pengukurannya pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Cikarang Barat Kabupaten Bekasi setelah penerapan model pembelajaran direct instruction melalui metode diskusi sehingga layak untuk diterapkan di SMPN 2 Cikarang Barat Kabupaten Bekasi.
MENINGKATAN MUTU PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DI SMKN 1 CIKAMPEK TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: MAKMUR MAKMUR
Published: September 2021

Keberhasilan pendidikan pada satuan pendidikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran kepala sekolah sebagai peneliti dalam kepemimpinan pembelajaran terhadap para guru. Kepala sekolah pada satuan pendidikan memiliki peran strategis dalam menentukan keberhasilan dan kegagalan guru dalam pembelajaran yang di dalamnya ada sistem evaluasi pembelajaran. penulis tertarik untuk melakukan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) yang berjudul “Meningkatan Mutu Pembelajaran Melalui Supervisi Akademik Di Smkn 1 Cikampek”. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah yang telah diuraikan maka masalah yang muncul dapat diidentifikasi oleh penulis sebagai berikut : 1) Rendahnya minat belajar siswa, dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai ulangan harian kurang memenuhi KKM; 2) Hanya 15% siswa mempunyai minat belajar tinggi, dibuktikan dengan jumlah pengunjung perpustakaan rata-rata 70 s.d. 80 siswa/hari; 3) Hanya 35% siswa mempunyai minat belajar sedang, dibuktikan dengan jumlah siswa yang mengumpulkan tugas praktek/kokurikuler kurang dari setengah jumlah siswa per kelas; dan 4) Hanya 65% siswa mempunyai minat belajar rendah. Maka, penulis menetapkan beberapa rumusan masalah antara lain; 1) Apakah dengan supervisi akademik bagi guru dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya?; 2) Apakah dengan supervisi akademik dapat merubah minat kemauan melaksanakan pembelajaran yang baik sesuai dengan aturan dan langkah-langkah proses belajar mengajar?, 3) Apakah dengan supervisi ini dapat merubah budaya belajar di kelas menjadi membaik dengan pola belajar yang aktif, kreatif, efektif dan menyenangkan?. Suatu kegiatan mustahil dilakukan jika tanpa ada tujuan. Begitu pun dengan penelitian ini, dilakukan dengan tujuan : 1) Meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran siswa; 2) Meningkatkan minat belajar siswa 3) Meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran sehingga sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil presentasi keberhasilan pada siklus 1 yaitu rata-rata keberhasilan perencanaan 71,98%, Pelaksanaan 72,44%, penilaian 81,3%, dan tindak lanjut 59,76%, sedangkan pada siklus II rata-rata keberhasilan perencanaan 92,44%, Pelaksanaan 93,81%, penilaian 90,56%, dan tindak lanjut 83%.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SUMBANG KATA DAN MULTIMEDIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI
Authors: DESLYANI YAYOEK
Published: September 2021

Model pembelajaran sumbang kata  merupakan pengembangan  dari  salah  satu strategi pembelajaran kooperative yang telah dimodifikasi dan dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Menurut Jabrohim dkk. (2003:31-33) menulis puisi bermula dari proses kreatif, yakni mengimajikan atau mengembangkan fakta-fakta empirik yang kemudian diwujudkan dalam bentuk puisi. Selanjutnya, untuk menuangkannya menjadi sebentuk puisi, terlebih dahulu memahami unsur-unsur pembentuk puisi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini,menggunakan instrumen berbentuk tes dan nontes pada siklus. Analis data dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas peneliti menggumpulkan dan mengolah data secara kuantitatif dari format observasi dan format penilaian (unjuk kerja) dari setiap siklus sehingga dapat mengetahui prosentase peningkatan hasil belajar yang kemudian dideskrifsikan untuk diambil suatu kesimpulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui. Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi  pada pokok bahasan : Membaca dan Menulis Puisi dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Sumbang Kata dan Multimedia. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap siswa Kelas VIII.3 di SMP Negeri 1 Sukatani, Kabupaten Bekasi. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini menggunakan teknik eksperimen. Data perkembangan diperoleh melalui observasi sikap dan evaluasi hasil belajar. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen Lembar Kerja Siswa dan lembar observasi sikap. Indikator keberhasilan siswa adalah Kemampuan Menulis Puisi di atas KKM (75). Rata-rata Kemampuan Menulis Puisi diawal siklus sebesar 40,67, siklus 1 sebesar 55,33, siklus 2 sebesar 69,16, dan siklus 3 sebesar 79,67. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa Kemampuan Menulis Puisi dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Sumbang Kata dan Multimedia.  Hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dapat dijadikan bahan referensi untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi siswa.  Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Sumbang Kata dan Multimedia dalam meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Puisi dapat terus dikembangkan.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN DAN MEMAHAMI PENYUSUNAN GERAK RITMIK DENGAN PENERAPAN PENGAJARAN BERDASARKAN MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED INTRUCTION ) PADA SISWA KELAS IX.3 DI SMP NEGERI 7 TAMBUN SELATAN KABAPUTEN BEKASI
Authors: KASIM MOHAMAD
Published: September 2021

Pada tingkatan SMP secara umum menunjukan penguasaan materi yang masih tergolong rendah pada mata pelajaran Penjaskes. Hal tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh banyak factor antara lain,cara guru mengajar yang tidak dikaitakan dengan kehidupan nyata dan materi yang tidak secara langsung dikonstuk oleh siswa akan mengakibatkan siswa sulit untuk menguasai suatu materi serta kurangnya pemberian motivasi pada siswa yang dilakukan oleh guru. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut diatas, diperlukan suatu model pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dimana siswa akan termotivasi untuk belajar dan materi yang akan dikaitkan dengan kehidupan nyata sehingga siswa dapat mengkonstruk materi dengan kemampuannya sendiri. Hal tersebut dapat terwujud dalam suatu model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah. Penelitian dilaksanakan berdasarkan pada beberapa pertanyaan penelitian yaitu : 1) Bagaimana aktifitas guru dalam pembelajaran dengan penerapan pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah 2) Bagaimana aktifitas siswa dalam pembelajaran dengan penerapan pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah 3) Bagaimana pencapaian hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas IX.3 SMP Negeri 7 Tambun Selatan Kabupaten Bekasi pada materi pokok Penyusunan Gerak ritmik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan disain one-shot case studydesign.Penelitian dilakukan selama tiga pertemuan dengan menggunakan beberapa metode penelitian, yaitu; metode observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui aktifitas yang dilakukan guru dan siswa dan metode tes digunakan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan siswa. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa: 1) Pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah dapat meningkatkan aktifitas guru 2) Pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah dapat meningkatkan aktifitas siswa 3) Pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA INTENSIF UNTUK PENEMUAN FAKTA DAN OPINI DENGAN PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK OPQRST PADA SISWA KELAS XII TKR 2 SMK NEGERI 1 CILAMAYA
Authors: PURNAMAWATI MUTIA
Published: September 2021

Berdasarkan hasil observasi penulis di kelas XII SMK Negeri 1 Cilamaya penulis mengetahui bahwa keterampilan membaca pada siswa masih cukup rendah, karena siswa hanya tertarik membaca ketika ditugaskan oleh gurunya. Siswa masih kesulitan memahami suatu teks, sehingga hanya membaca tanpa mendapatkan pemahaman. Beberapa kegiatan sudah dilakukan oleh guru agar siswa tertarik untuk membaca, tetapi nampaknya guru belum menemukan metode yang tepat untuk membimbing siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimanakah peningkatan keterampilan membaca intensif untuk penemuan fakta dan opini dengan penggunaan teknik OPQRST pada siswa kelas  XII TKR 2 SMK Negeri 1 Cilamaya?. selanjutnya tujuan dari penelitian adalah 1) Mendeskripsikan kemampuan membaca intensif siswa 2) Mendeskripsikan peningkatan keterampilan membaca intensif setelah menggunakan teknik OPQRST. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitaf sederhana dengan perhitungan persentase. Hasil dari analisis penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: terdapat peningkatan keterampilan membaca intensif untuk menemukan fakta dengan menggunakan teknik OPQRST, pada siswa kelas XII TKR 2 SMK 1 Cilamaya. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan analisis data yang diperoleh dari siklus I dan siklus II yang sangat meningkat dibandingkan pretest. Nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh saat pretest adalah 64,30 atau 54,23%. Nilai yang didapat belum mencapai KKM, kemudian dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I dengan teknik OPQRST sehingga nilai rata-rata yang didapat lebih tinggi dari nilai rata-rata pretest yaitu 74,36 atau 63.65%. Nilai rata-rata pada siklus I belum mencapai KKM, tetapi pada siklus II nilai rata-rata siswa berhasil mencapai KKM dengan nilai rata-rata 82,5  atau 95,96%. Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran membaca intensif untuk menemukan fakta dengan menggunakan teknik OPQRST sangat baik, terbukti dari hasil yang didapat siswa selama pretest, siklus I, dan siklus II selalu mengalami peningkatan. Dengan demikian, teknik OPQRST dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca intensif untuk menemukan fakta.