bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amarogentin as Topical Anticancer and Anti-Infective Potential: Scope of Lipid Based Vesicular in its Effective Delivery
Authors: Patel Kanika , Kumar Vikas , Verma Amita , Rahman Mahfoozur , Patel Dinesh K.
Published: September 2018

There is a need for the development of liposomes based nanomedicines formulation
for better efficacy and safety of the available drugs in the market. Liposomes have various
applications in the field of pharmaceutical and medical field for their drug target potential,
diagnostic importance and imaging techniques. Natural plant based drugs and their derivatives
have been used in the medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, cosmetic and beverages
industry. More than half of the prescribed drugs in the worldwide are mainly derived from
different natural sources. Development of plant derived product is an emerging field of food,
pharmaceutical and health industries. Plants belonging to the Gentianaecae family are well
known for their bitter taste and Swertia chirata is one of best plants among them. Various
active phytochemical of Swertia chirata are bitter secoiridoids like gentiopicroside,
amarogentin, swertiamarin, isovitexin and isogentisin. People use different species of Swertia
in the form of decoction, infusion, paste and juice for the treatment of fever and enteric diseases.
Swertia chirata possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antihepatotoxic,
antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Amarogentin, a bitter
secoiridoid glycoside present in Swertia chirata plant is an activator of human bitter taste
receptor. Pharmacologically, amarogentin has antibacterial, antihepatitis, anticholinergic and
chemopreventive activities, moreover, amarogentin has been proven for their anti-lieshmanial
activity. Other studies also suggested that amarogentin acts on liver carcinogenesis, skin carcinogenesis
and reduced tumour progression. In the present review, we have collected and
compiled the data regarding biological sources, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry,
anticancer and anti-infective potential of amarogentin. For better understanding of various
aspects of amarogentin, we have also discussed Swertia chirayita in a very concise manner.
Further data related to various patents on amarogentin have also been discussed in this manuscript.
However, we also admit that new advance biological research will also increase the
medicinal and pharmacological value of amarogentin. Information regarding the chemistry of
amarogentin, its biological sources, bioavailability as a pharmacological agent for the treatment
and management of skin disorders and various forms of cancers will be beneficial to the
scientists in the medicinal field.
Concerns of a Pediatric Dentist in Dental Stem Cells: An Overview
Authors: Popuri Suseela Keerti
Published: September 2018

Stem cell biology has become an essential part of regenerative medicine and dentistry. The fact of availability of these stem cells among various dental tissues has doubled the researcher’s enthusiasm in the recent years due to fewer ethical constraints and minimally invasive nature. Stem cells from deciduous tooth among the dental stem cells are the ones obtained with least or no trauma. To date, enormous research has been reported on dental stem cells. The purpose of this review is to focus only on certain aspects of dental stem cells that are important to the specialty of pedodontics. Thus, a detailed emphasis is given on stem cells obtained from human deciduous teeth including their harvesting and storage techniques.
Formation of a Toxic Quinoneimine Metabolite from Diclofenac: A Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Ramesh Muthusamy , Bharatam Prasad V.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. It is predominantly metabolized by CYP2C9. 4'-hydroxydiclofenac and its quinoneimine are the metabolites of diclofenac. However, few numbers of serious cases of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity due to diclofenac metabolism were reported. The formation of the quinoneimine metabolite was found to be responsible for this idiosyncratic toxicity. Quinoneimine is an over-oxidized metabolite of diclofenac.

Method:

In this work, computational studies were conducted to detail the formation of a quinoneimine metabolite from diclofenac. Further, the idiosyncratic toxicity of quinoneimine due to its reactivity was also investigated by quantum chemical analysis.

Results & Conclusion:

The results demonstrate the possibility of formation of quinoneimine metabolite due to various factors that are involved in the metabolism of diclofenac. The present study may provide the structural in-sights during the drug development processes to avoid the metabolism directed idiosyncratic toxicity.
Photocatalytic Activity of the Modified Coupled Semiconductors and Its Relationship with Surface Properties
Authors: Asl Shahab Khameneh
Published: September 2018

Background:

In photocatalysis and surface chemistry, charge trapping extends the lifetime
of photogenerated electrons and holes and decreases their recombination rate. The stable surface
of crystals with lowest energy is (110) for rutile and (101), (010) or (100) for anatase. When
these surfaces are exposed to simple molecules such as water, oxygen or methane, different reactions
can occur. In this paper, the activity and mechanism of dye adsorption were studied and
demonstrated significant increase in the resulting photo-catalysis with optimizing surface properties
for the first time.

Methods:

Degussa P25 (Aldrich) was used a based materials. The mixtures of ethanol (C2H5OH)
and triethanolamine (TEA, C6H15NO3) and 1 M HNO3 solution were prepared and applied to
chemical etching of anatase/rutile mixture. The nano composites with (0.5 % Pt) prepared by wet
impregnation methods used as photo catalysts in water splitting reaction. The metallurgical and
photo catalytical properties were characterized with standard methods.

Results:

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) Results of the samples were shown that the chemical process
affected the phases and molar ratios. The photo-catalytic properties of these powders were measured
with phase ratios, crystalline size, and reaction time as parameters. TEM images of powders chemically
etched at different conditions are shown that the average surface area increased. The TiO2powders consist
of spherical particles, that modified to cubic like structure with etching but core of the powders
seems to have similar microstructures and shapes. The photo reactivity clearly shows that with adjusting
phase ratios, the microstructure, surface and photo-catalytic activity of powders are adjusted.

Conclusion:

In this study, new method to preparation of core shell structure of anatase and rutile
with using of etching developed and photo-catalytic activity of anatase and rutile hetro structure
has been investigated using two systems. The reaction rate was related to the surface area, phase's
ratio, particle and pore size, adsorption mechanism of reactants, concentration of dye and catalyst.
The surface reaction sites and photo reactivity are higher in composite powders with similar particle
size and band gap. The concentration of reactants (dye or water, H2, O2) is important because
they react in suitable surface sites. The suitable sites are determined by size of compounds and surface
charges. Additional to the surface properties, effectively charge separation was increasing the
photo reactivity of composites.
Preparation and Characterization of PEGylated C18 Fatty Acids/Anti-SNAP25 Antibody-Targeted Liposomes
Authors: Gew Lai Ti , Eh Suk Vicit Rizal , Misran Misni
Published: September 2018

Background:

Unsaturated C18 fatty acids, such as oleic acid (L1), linoleic acid (L2), and linolenic acid (L3), are a good choice of lipids to prepare liposomes. They are inexpensive, biocompatible, nontoxic, and readily available compared with phospholipids. Moreover, cis-double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids prevent the packing of molecules which increases membrane fluidity in liposomes making them a good choice of starting materials to prepare liposomes.

Objective:

Unsaturated C18 fatty acid liposomes, as well as their PEGylated and non- PEGylated antibody-targeted liposomes, were prepared and characterized.

Methods:

The particle size and zeta potential of the prepared liposomes (1 mM, pH = 7.4) for 28 and 14 days, respectively, were monitored and characterized. Membrane-bound antibodies Anti-SNAP25 (AS25) and DOPE PEG2000 (DP) were conjugated to pure C18 fatty acid liposomes to achieve stable fatty acid formulations.

Results:

The mean particle sizes of pure L1, L2, and L3 liposome solutions were 125, 129, and 122 nm respectively, while their polydispersity index values were 0.28, 0.21, and 0.40 respectively. A large negative zeta potential value of 45 mV was observed due to anionic carboxylate head-group of pure liposomes. The incorporation of AS25 into L1/DP, L2/DP, and L3/DP liposome solutions stabilized their mean particle size and zeta potential measurements over 28 and 14 days, respectively.

Conclusion:

L1/DP/AS25 was found to be the most stable PEGylated antibody-targeted liposome system because its particle size remained between 90 and 125 nm in 28 days. Transmission electron microscopy observations also supported the incorporation of AS25 and DP on the membrane surface as predicted.
Influence of Lipid’s Main Transition Temperature on the Stability of Chimeric Liposomal Systems
Authors: Zouliati Konstantina , Massala Christina , Pippa Natassa , Naziris Nikolaos , Pispas Stergios , Demetzos Costas
Published: September 2018

Background:

The incorporation of polymeric components into liposomes
promotes structural rearrangement of the lipid bilayers that could affect their properties and
their behavior. Therefore, by mixing phospholipids with polymeric compounds the, socalled
chimeric liposomal nanosystems are produced and could be advantageous, compared
with conventional (e.g. composed of pure phospholipids) liposomal nanostructures.

Objective:

In this work, we used lipids with different main transition temperature (Tm) i.e
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC, Tm=55°C), L-α-phosphatidylcholine,
hydrogenated (Soy) (HSPC, Tm=52 °C) and egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC, Tm=23 °C)
and we studied and compared the physicochemical characteristics and the stability of
conventional with that of chimeric liposomes.

Methods:

Thin-film hydration method (TFH) was used as the preparation protocol for all
systems. Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS) were utilized in
order to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics of all systems. All liposomal systems
exhibited sizes below 100nm while the ζ-potential was around zero, indicating the
absence of surface charge.

Results:

The results revealed that the Tm of each phospholipid influences the biophysical
behavior of the lipidic membrane, which contributes to the physicochemical characteristics
and affects the physical stability of the liposomal nanosystems. The nature and physicochemical
properties of each phospholipid seem to play a key role, regarding the structural
characteristics and the formation process of the liposomal nanosystems.

Conclusion:

: Comparing the physicochemical properties of the conventional liposomes
with those of the chimeric liposomal systems, we conclude that the complexity of the latter,
due to the incorporation of the polymeric guest into the lipidic bilayer, revealed new
properties, which correspond to increased physical stability.
Economical, Environmental and Ethical Impact of Food Wastage in Hospitality and Other Global Industries
Authors: Racz Aleksandar , Vasiljev Marchesi Vanja , Crnković Ivana
Published: September 2018

There is something horrible about throwing food in the bin. Based on existing literature, 30-50 percent (i.e. 1.2-2 billion tons) of the produced food never reaches anyone’s plate. Global food production can be split into production losses, consumers’ waste and consumption. In a world where 850 million people are undernourished, global food supply per person approximates to 570 kg: roughly, 380 kg is consumed, 140 kg is lost in the production and 50 kg is wasted by consumers. Households generate 53% of the total food waste in Europe, the processing industry 19%, food services 12%, the primary production sector 11%, and the retail/wholesale sector 5%. The European hospitality industry is a small food waster that generates only 12% of the total food waste in Europe. Wasted food is accountable for 3.3 GtCO2e. The average carbon footprint of food wastage is about 500 kg of CO2 equivalents per person per year. The blue water footprint of food wastage is about 250 km3. 1.4 billion Ha of land – 28% of the world’s agricultural area – is used annually to produce food that is either lost or wasted. The food which is not eaten contributes to the loss of biodiversity through habitat change, overexploitation, pollution and climate changes. Prompted in part by global food production inefficiency, 9.7 million hectares are deforested annually to grow food – 74% of the total annual deforestation. The scale of global food wastage is shocking, and this wasted food results in a number of ethically questionable implications. Pope Francis rightfully points out that from the moral standpoint prodigal expenditure and wasting of food is no better than stealing from the hungry and poor. From the ecological standpoint, it is no better than stealing from our own children. But moralizing, identifying problems, knowledge and information distribution, and suggesting solutions surely will not convince people to implement offered solutions. The world needs progressive politics for a fairer world to achieve more equitable distribution of wealth. Tourism and the whole hospitality industry can and must play an important role in raising awareness of the value of food. The entire touristic sector can promote changes in food management and consumption with very positive environmental and economic results.
Međunarodna solidarnost i pravo na zdravlje
Authors: Trgovčić Sonja
Published: September 2018

Koncept međunarodne solidarnosti razvijao se u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća kada je u okviru međunarodnih povelja, konvencija i deklaracija o zaštiti ljudskih prava počeo poprimati obrise načela međunarodnog prava te dobivati značaj krovnog ljudskog prava koje objedinjuje prava prve, druge i treće generacije. Kroz rad autorica obrazlaže i daje postulat pravnoj prirodi međunarodne solidarnosti i njezine pravne ostvarivosti. Također govori o međunarodnoj suradnji, podijeljenoj odgovornosti i prevenciji čimbenika kao što su klimatske promjene, glad u svijetu, nedostatak zdravstvene zaštite u neravnomjernoj razvijenosti društva i postizanju jednakosti. Posebno se osvrće na pravo na zdravlje, njegove aspekte te povezanost s međunarodnom solidarnosti u vidu zaštite ranjivih skupina stanovništva.
Collocational Competence Level of Medical English among Iranian Medical Students
Authors: Vahabian Mehrangiz , Zahra Asghari Seyedeh , Esna-Ashari Farzaneh , Mazaheri Laghab Hamzeh
Published: September 2018

Collocational competence is considered to be an important factor of fluency in a language. In Iran, medical texts are mainly in English and medical students have to pass 6 credits of medical English. In these courses a large number of medical terms should be covered in addition to medical English. We compared medical English collocational competence level of the students before and after passing English for the students of Medicine 1 and 2 (ESM). Three groups of medical students who had passed only General English (GE), both GE and ESM1, and GE, ESM 1 and 2 were compared with each other. Total collocational competence level of the students was low which indicated that ESM courses did not have positive effect on their collocational competence level. Moreover, their overall receptive collocational competence level was higher than their productive competence. It was concluded that improving medical collocational competence level requires more exposure time, explicit emphasis on medical collocations in classrooms and offering medical English as a separate course from medical terminology.
Anesthesiology Control Tower—Feasibility Assessment to Support Translation (ACTFAST): Mixed-Methods Study of a Novel Telemedicine-Based Support System for the Operating Room (Preprint)
Authors: Murray-Torres Teresa , Casarella Aparna , Bollini Mara , Wallace Frances , Avidan Michael S , Politi Mary C
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Despite efforts to improve patient outcomes, major morbidity and mortality remain common after surgery. Health information technologies that provide decision support for clinicians might improve perioperative and postoperative patient care. Evaluating the usability of these technologies and barriers to their implementation can facilitate their acceptance within health systems.

OBJECTIVE

This manuscript describes usability testing and refinement of an innovative telemedicine-based clinical support system, the Anesthesiology Control Tower (ACT). It also reports stakeholders’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to implementation of the intervention.

METHODS

Three phases of testing were conducted in an iterative manner. Phase 1 testing employed a think-aloud protocol analysis to identify surface-level usability problems with individual software components of the ACT and its structure. Phase 2 testing involved an extended qualitative and quantitative real-world usability analysis. Phase 3 sought to identify major barriers and facilitators to implementation of the ACT through semistructured interviews with key stakeholders.

RESULTS

Phase 1 and phase 2 usability testing sessions identified numerous usability problems with the software components of the ACT. The ACT platform was revised in seven iterations in response to these usability concerns. Initial satisfaction with the ACT, as measured by standardized instruments, was below commonly accepted cutoffs for these measures. Satisfaction improved to acceptable levels over the course of revision and testing. A number of barriers to implementation were also identified and addressed during the refinement of the ACT intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The ACT model can improve the standard of perioperative anesthesia care. Through our thorough and iterative usability testing process and stakeholder assessment of barriers and facilitators, we enhanced the acceptability of this novel technology and improved our ability to implement this innovation into routine practice.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR2-10.1186/s40814-018-0233-4
Investigating the Effect of Paid and Free Feedback About Physicians' Telemedicine Services on Patients’ and Physicians’ Behaviors: Panel Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Hualong , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

In recent years, paid online patient-physician interaction has been incorporated into the telemedicine markets. With the development of telemedicine and telemedicine services, online feedback has been widely applied, helping other patients to identify quality services. Recently, in China, a new type of service feedback has been applied to the telemedicine markets, namely, paid feedback. Patients who are satisfied with a physician’s online service can buy a virtual gift or give a tip to the physicians. This paid feedback can improve the reliability of service feedback and reduce the proportion of false information because it increases the cost for feedback providers. Paid online feedback can benefit the physicians, such as by providing them with monetary incentives; however, research on the impacts and value of such paid feedback from the physician perspective in the telemedicine markets is scant. To fill this research gap, this study was designed to understand the role of paid feedback by developing a research model based on the theories of signaling and self-determination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the effects of free and paid feedback on patients’ choice and physicians’ behaviors as well as to investigate the substitute relationship between these 2 types of feedback in the telemedicine markets.

METHODS

A JAVA software program was used to collect online patient-doctor interaction data over a 6-month period from a popular telemedicine market in China (Good Physician Online). This study drew on a 2-equation panel model to test the hypotheses. Both fixed and random effect models were used to estimate the combined effects of paid feedback and free feedback on patients’ choice and physicians’ contribution. Finally, the Hausman test was adopted to investigate which model is better to explain our empirical results.

RESULTS

The results of this study show that paid feedback has a stronger effect on patients’ choice (a5=0.566; t2192 =9.160; P<.001) and physicians’ contribution (β4=1.332; t2193 =11.067; P<.001) in telemedicine markets than free feedback. Moreover, our research also proves that paid feedback and free feedback have a substitute relationship in determining patients’ and physicians’ behaviors (a6=−0.304; t2191 =−5.805; P<.001 and β5=−0.823; t2192 =−8.136; P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings contribute to the extant literature on service feedback in the telemedicine markets and provide insight for relevant stakeholders into how to design an effective feedback mechanism to improve patients’ service experience and physicians’ engagement.
Systematic Literature Review on the use of Social Media and engagement by NHS Trusts (Preprint)
Authors: Sethi Sonika , Bhogal Rosie , Luengo Susana , Gokani Nishma , Zuberi Sharukh , Tanna Shaneil , Grewal Jagvir , Gohil Sunir
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Engagement strategies used within the NHS, to reach out to the public and internal stakeholders, have continuously changed over time. Communication with each other is happening through more user-generated information being shared through social media (SM). The advent of SM has shifted the information-seeking behaviour of society, including healthcare. The ability of SM to engage people in the community and overcome traditional separation barriers gives SM the invaluable power of helping in the transition towards a more community and prevention focused health care delivery involving multiple stakeholders.

OBJECTIVE

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to explore how SM is currently being used in the NHS using current literature. This was under the general theme of use of SM in the NHS, and strategies to engage the public in the NHS.

METHODS

Literature searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE between 2004-2017. The relevance of articles were screening using a pre decided inclusion and exclusion criteria. The papers included were critically appraised using the PRISMA Statement. Two separate search strings were created to cover both SM use in the NHS and engagement strategies in the NHS.

RESULTS

The search string yielded 3145 papers in total. After screening by initial limits, de-duplicating, screening by title, abstract and inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 55 papers were reached. These were all critically appraised and were divided based on the theme they covered. The themes found amongst these 55 papers were use of SM in: the NHS, nursing, healthcare research, conferences, gaining insights to patient perspectives and trends, recruitment, patient and medical education, successful Twitter campaigns and engaging patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Literature has shown two main views apparent on the use of SM in the NHS. The effectiveness of SM use in the NHS is uncertain, but SM specific uses acknowledges the potential of SM in engaging with the public and therefore helping to achieve the ambitious Five Year Forward View.

Whilst limited, the literature has shown that SM in NHS has been used in research, conferences, and education of other doctors and patients. Engagement strategies in the NHS have mostly taken the form of awareness campaigns in key areas, such as lung cancer, nutrition and antibiotics use.

22% (12/55 papers) shows that the use of SM in the NHS has still far to go before it achieves full implementation and utilization.
Financial Flexibility as an Investment Efficiency Factor in Asian Companies
Authors: Cherkasova Victoria , Kuzmin Evgeny
Published: September 2018

This study explores the impact of a company’s financial flexibility on the effectiveness of its investments.The number of companies that have financial flexibility was calculated with the application of thespare debt capacity method. The research identifies the impact of financial flexibility on investment activity and on the level of suboptimal investments. The data from 1,736 companies in theAsian region, during the 2005-2015time period, are presented. The Asian region has unique institutional, economic and commercial environments that present a great basis for this paper. The results of the research reveal that financially flexible companies spend more on their investment expenditure and conduct more effective investment policiesby reducing the level of over- and underinvestment. Financial flexibility helps companies to make effective investments during a crisis period, but the difference in the flexibility between developed and developing countries and between large and small companies was not observed.
HOW PARTICIPATION SHAPES LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir
Published: September 2018

This article elaborates citizens’ participation in shaping local development in the Indonesian context. The main question is how to make local development more participatory as a guarantee that citizens’ rights are fully realized. In that respects, social accountability is a key that should be improved from supply and demand sides simultaneously. From the supply side, there is a need to reform local governance, in order to improve the quality of local regulations, local planning, local budgeting, and local public service provision. While from the demand side, there is a need to empower local citizens so that they are engaged in five forms or local development efforts: local regulation formulation, local development planning, local budgeting, community driven development, and public service provision.
KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI JAWA BARAT: ANALISIS DATA SUSENAS 2012
Authors: Heryanah Heryanah
Published: September 2018

The objective of this research is to illustrate the condition of food security of household level in West Java Province in 2012 by using Susenas data and employing order logistics regression. Moreover, this research tries to explore the factors that affect the household food secure with using 10 independent variables (city dummy, sex dummy, marriage status dummy, age of the household head, the number household, mean years of school of the household head, work dummy, per capita mean expenditure, sanitation dummy, and slum area dummy). In 2002, the number of household in West Java Province with the level of food secure is about 34 percent of total population, however, the number of household with the level of food insecure still high, is about 15 percent of the total population. The output of the regression shows that all the independent variables are statistically significant influence the household food secure.
Smart Fert: Aplikasi Praktis, Valid, dan Mudah Untuk Mengukur Indikator Fertilitas di Era Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Salim Lutfi Agus , Lazuardi Lutfan , Kuntoro Kuntoro
Published: September 2018

Indikator fertilitas, seperti Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), General Fertility Rate (GFR), dan Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR), untuk mengukur kinerja pengendalian penduduk setiap tahun di level kabupaten/kota sejak otonomi daerah sering tidak tersedia. Aplikasi sistem informasi fertilitas Smart Fert sebagai alat untuk mengukur indikator fertilitas yang praktis, valid, dan mudah diaplikasikan sangat layak untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan aplikasi Smart Fert serta menguji hasil perhitungan indikator fertilitas dari aplikasi Smart Fert dibandingkan dengan perhitungan dari hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Penelitian ini merancang aplikasi Smart Fert berbasis bahasa visual basic. Untuk mengukur ketepatan dan kevalidan hasil perhitungan fertilitas dari aplikasi Smart Fert, maka hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar yang baik, yaitu hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil perhitungan fertilitas dengan aplikasi Smart Fert tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan hasil metode langsung Sensus Penduduk 2010. Dengan demikian, aplikasi Smart Fert dapat dipakai sebagai alat penghitung indikator fertilitas yang praktis, valid, dan mudah diimplementasikan untuk mengukur kinerja pengendalian penduduk di tingkat kabupaten/kota.
Dinamika Perkembangan Etnis di Indonesia dalam Konteks Persatuan Negara
Authors: Pitoyo Agus Joko , Triwahyudi Hari
Published: September 2018

Banyak pandangan yang menyebutkan bahwa etnisitas merupakan penghambat untuk kesatuan dan persatuan. Hal penting yang menjadi tantangan ke depan adalah mendudukkan variasi etnik sebagai bentuk kemajemukan bangsa yang mendukung persatuan negara. Dengan menggunakan data Sensus Penduduk di Indonesia, yakni Sensus Penduduk 1930, Sensus Penduduk 2000 dan Sensus Penduduk 2010, tulisan ini mencoba mengungkapkan dinamika etnis di Indonesia dalam perspektif historis. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan dinamika perkembangan etnik di Indonesia serta melihat bahwa keanekaragaman etnik tersebut dapat menjadi tantangan dan pemacu dalam persatuan negara. Melalui masyarakat multikultural yang saling menghargai perbedaan kebudayaan, akan dapat tercipta masyarakat yang memiliki pandangan, jiwa, dan tujuan yang sama. Selain itu, perwujudan dari perkembangan etnik di Indonesia juga harus disertai dengan adanya dukungan kebijakan pemerintah yang tidak hanya memihak pada golongan mayoritas saja karena asas yang dikedepankan adalah persamaan dan menghargai hak atas perbedaan kebudayaan.
Membangun Relasi Digital antara Orang Tua Siswa dengan Sekolah dalam Penanganan Tawuran Pelajar di Yogyakarta
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir , Ekawati Henny , Habib Fadlan
Published: September 2018

Tawuran antarpelajar yang menjurus pada tindakan kriminalitas (klithih) sedang marak di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Kondisi ini tidak terlepas dari melemahnya peran keluarga dan sekolah dalam pola pengasuhan anak. Tindakan negatif dalam bentuk aksi klithih merupakan perwujudan dari pencarian jati diri yang tidak tepat karena tindakan tersebut semata-mata mengedepankan kontrol diri yang lemah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 65,6 persen masyarakat Yogyakarta menyatakan kekerasan kelompok, terutama aksi klithih, meningkat dalam kurun waktu satu tahun terakhir. Penyebab utamanya adalah lemahnya peran orang tua dalam pengasuhan (65,7 persen), salah pergaulan (52,5 persen), dan lemahnya peran sekolah (36,2 persen). Upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam penanganan masalah tawuran pelajar adalah adanya sinergi yang baik antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua, di antaranya dengan meningkatkan komunikasi yang baik antara keduanya dalam pembinaan dan pengawasan pelajar, terutama model komunikasi personal dengan sentuhan teknologi informasi.  Student brawls that lead to criminal activities called klithih (a Javanese term for violence among teenage students) is currently rampant in Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). This condition is related to the weakening role of families and schools in nurturing the students. The negative action, klithih, is a manifestation of improper identity searching because it demonstrates a lack of self-control. The research showed that 65.6% of the community of Yogyakarta were agreed that group violence especially klithih had increased in the last year, and the main cause was the weakening role of parents (65.7%), wrong association (52.5%) and schools (36.2 %). Therefore, efforts must be made to create a good synergy between the schools and parents in handling student brawls. One of the efforts is improving good communication between the two parties in coaching and supervising teenage students, especially through a model of personal communication involving information technology.
Urbanization and Economic Development in Indonesia: Demographic Perspectives Analysis
Authors: Hassan Mustafa Elnagi Elsamani , Pitoyo Agus Joko
Published: September 2018

The level of urbanization has increased from 17.2% to 49.7% in the last three decades. The urbanization process in Java is occurring more dramatically and rapidly compared to that in outer Java. There is a growing trend of urbanization in the Java Islands, where the level of urbanization has increased from 11.55% to 33.64% in 1971-2010. The ratio of urban population of all the provinces in Indonesia was greater than 20% in 2010 exclude East Nusa Tenggara. There is a strong positive relationship between the level of regional economic development and level of urbanization. Evaluation of urbanization can be improved from two aspects: first, the forward conditions of urbanization can be analyzed, such as the number of non-farm jobs, infrastructure level and the supply capacity of public services. Second, the forward effects of urbanization should be comprehensively evaluated, including economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
Perilaku Strategi Coping Pelaku Tambak Udang dalam Merespons Kebijakan Penataan Pemanfaatan Tanah Kesultanan
Authors: Aji Kuncoro Cahyo , Darwin Muhadjir , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu , Ismail Nurhasan
Published: September 2018

Kebijakan penataan pemanfaatan tanah kesultanan untuk tambak udang di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta telah menimbulkan bentuk strategi coping sebagai respons masyarakat yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi mengenai strategi coping petambak udang yang berbeda-beda dalam merespons kebijakan penataan tanah kasultanan. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa 1) terdapat bentuk strategi coping yang dilakukan para petambak udang dalam merespons kebijakan penataan pemanfaatan tanah kesultanan untuk tambak udang serta 2) adanya pengaruh emosi, kognisi, dan emosi dengan strategi coping para pelaku tambak udang. Strategi coping para petambak udang dalam merespons kebijakan tambak udang adalah mengkritisi keputusan pemerintah (0,914), adanya sikap menerima (0,894), penerimaan dengan terpaksa (0,849), dan evaluasi diri (0,561). Strategi coping tersebut dipengaruhi oleh persepsi negatif (0,864), perbedaan pendapat (0,851), kebingungan (0,822), ekspektasi (0,816), dan percaya diri (0,657).  The policy of arranging the utilization of cultivated land for shrimp ponds in Bantul District of Yogyakarta Special Region has resulted in the form of coping strategies as different community responses. This research is an exploratory research on shrimp farmers coping strategies that vary in response to the policy of the landscape of the Sultanate. The results of this study are as follows. 1) There are forms of coping strategy conducted by shrimp farmers in responding to the policy of arranging the utilization of the land of sultanate for shrimp ponds; 2) There are influences of emotion, cognition and emotion with the coping strategy of shrimp farmers. The coping strategy of shrimp farmers in responding to shrimp farming policy is to criticize the government’s decision (0.914), to accept the decision (0.894), to accept by forced (0.849), and to have self-evaluation (0.561). The coping strategy is influenced by negative perceptions (0.864), disagreements (0.851), confusion (0.822), expectations (0.816), and confidence (0.657).
Ketidaktercapaian Bonus Demografi: Pembelajaran dari Sumatera Barat
Authors: Andriani Dian Sri , Pitoyo Agus Joko , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie
Published: September 2018

Indonesia telah memasuki fase bonus demografi sejak tahun 2012 ketika beban ketergantungan penduduk berada di bawah 50 per 100 penduduk produktif. Namun, berdasarkan proyeksi beban ketergantungan penduduk tahun 2010-2035 tidak semua provinsi di Indonesia akan meraih bonus demografi, salah satunya adalah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Besarnya beban ketergantungan penduduk Sumatera Barat tercermin dari pergeseran struktur umur penduduk yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika demografi yang berlangsung dari beberapa dekade sebelumnya. Tulisan ini akan menguraikan secara time series berlangsungnya ketiga komponen demografi di Sumatera Barat. Tren mortalitas bayi dan anak mengalami penurunan, bahkan pada 2012 telah mengindikasikan berada di akhir masa transisi demografi. Namun, penurunan mortalitas tersebut tidak diiringi dengan penurunan fertilitas yang signifikan. Tingkat fertilitas yang masih tinggi menjadi penyumbang bertambahnya beban ketergantungan penduduk muda. Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan angka migrasi neto yang konsisten minus di setiap periode sehingga proporsi penduduk umur produktif tidak mengalami penambahan yang signifikan.
Komunikasi Interpersonal antara Orang Tua dan Anak Remaja serta Identitas Diri Remaja: Studi di Bina Keluarga Remaja Parupuk Tabing, Koto Tangah, Padang, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Irianto Agus , Aimon Hasdi , Nirwana Herman , Prasetya Agung Tri
Published: September 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan komunikasi interpersonal antara orang tua dengan anak remajanya serta ketercapaian identitas remaja guna pembinaan program Bina Keluarga Remaja (BKR) oleh petugas dan konselor. Metode yang digunakan merupakan bagian dari pengembangan model ADDIE. Penyusunan tes melibatkan tiga ahli serta pelaksaannya dibantu oleh Pembina BKR dan konselor. Instrumen yang digunakan berbentuk pertanyaan dan pengukuran kepribadian yang menggunakan Skala Likert. Analisis data dilakukan dengan deskripsi dan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat komunikasi antara orang tua dan anak remajanya masih sedang dan cenderung rendah. Tingkat kelayakan materi berada pada kategori sangat layak. Untuk itu, perlu dikembangkan modul yang dapat digunakan oleh orang tua dan anak remajanya yang dapat membentuk komunikasi interpersonal efektif antara orang tua dan anak remajanya.
Upaya Peningkatan Peserta KB Aktif dalam rangka Pencapaian Target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019 di Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Sukmaniar Sukmaniar , Saputra Wahyu , Saputra Dani
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan peserta KB aktif untuk mencapai target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019 di Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya peserta KB aktif adalah pemahaman bahwa banyak anak banyak rezeki, kekhawatiran merasa kesepian jika memiliki sedikit anak, masih berkeinginan mendapatkan anak dengan jenis kelamin yang berbeda, status pekerjaan suami, tidak memahami pentingnya KB, tidak ada alat/cara KB yang sesuai dengan keinginan, dan tidak ada kegiatan/program KB. Upaya peningkatan jumlah peserta KB aktif dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan bantuan dana, pelatihan, manajemen sosialisasi, dan pelatihan alat KB pada PUS, kerja sama dengan pemangku kepentingan, pendekatan tokoh masyarakat, bantuan alat dan pemasangan kontrasepsi secara gratis, pemberian apreasiasi kepada pengguna KB, melakukan monitoringdan evaluasi serta umpan balik, tinjauan kembali dari hasil monitoring dan evaluasi agar dapat diperbaiki pada program KB berikutnya demi tercapainya target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019.
“My Daughter Is a Drug Addict, and...”: A Clinical Perspective of Maternal Grandparents’ Assumption of Parental Roles for the Children of Their Drug Addicted Daughters
Authors: Hann-Morrison Dee
Published: September 2018

This article speaks to the experience of African American grandparents assuming responsibility for raising their grandchildren when the children’s mothers are drug addicted. While most of the current research speaks generically to grandparents raising grandchildren, this clinical observation addresses issues related specifically to African American grandparents living in rural communities who are raising their addicted daughters’ minor children.
TINJAUAN ATAS PERMASALAHAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN PEMENUHAN HAK DALAM KONTEKS UNIVERSALIME DAN RELATIVISME HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arifin Ridwan , Rasdi Rasdi , Alkadri Riska
Published: September 2018

The four principles of freedom (four freedoms) include freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion and belief, freedom from want, and freedom from fear, are basic principles recognized by countries and translated into many more specific forms of human rights fulfillment human. The fulfillment and protection of human rights is one indicator of the progress of a country. The scope of fulfilling human rights that covers a very broad field, from education, health, to law enforcement, is a challenge. The UN Security Council 2017 Universal Periodical Review (UPR) session provides recommendations for strengthening human rights in Indonesia, including the ratification of international human rights instruments, the continued cooperation of UN human rights, the abolition of the death penalty, matters related to sexual orientation and efforts to protect tolerance and diversity. The Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras) 2017 records 84 cases of violence and human rights violations that occurred. The issue of interpreting different human rights standards is one of the causes of this high problem in Indonesia. Many different interpretations are caused by the running of different political systems of state administration, causing the implementation of human rights fulfillment to be different. This paper looks at and compares the practices of human rights enforcement covering the four principles of freedom in Indonesia. This paper will compare the implementation of human rights standards and norms in national domestic practices based on international human rights principles and norms.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP BANK ATAS PERJANJIAN KREDIT KONSUMSI BAGI ORANG ASING
Authors: Husnul Khotimah Rachmadani Eka , Luth Thohir , Widhiyanti Hanif Nur
Published: September 2018

Since 2005 the rule of Bank Indonesia is already issued a policy about consumer credit facilities in order to get a place or a home for foreign people who live in Indonesia, but it is not enough to make all the bank that took place in Indonesia give that facilities. One of the reasons discrepancy of a number banks to give that credit facilities to foreign people is because the risk in case there is a failure or the person is not fulfilling the obligation. Considering the debtor is a foreigner, while the object of the guarantee is a land with a right of use that has a limited period, and until now there is still no regulations from both the Indonesian government and from Bank Indonesia that specifically provide protection against banks on consumer credit facilities for foreigners. In this paper, the writer will discuss the effort of legal protection that can be done by the Bank are preventive effort and repressive effort. Preventive legal protection efforts undertaken by banks is with credit agreements. Repressive legal protection effort, if the foreign debtors can not fulfill the obligation one of them is to stop the consumer credit agreement.
A dimensão do habitar na obra A casa, de Natércia Campos: um olhar geosófico / The dwell dimension in the writting A casa, by Natércia Campos: a geosophic view
Authors: Cavalcante Tiago Vieira
Published: September 2018

A  ciência geográfca comumente aborda a habitação humana como simples moradia. Em seu tratamento sobre a casa, procura relacionar suas características físico-estruturais aos elementos que compõem o seu entorno. Elementos que infuenciam nas suas formas de telhado, na  estrutura  de suas  paredes,  no  tamanho  de  seus  cômodos  e até mesmo na composição de seu mobiliário. Apesar da importância dessa abordagem, não podemos deixar de considerar a relevância do ato de habitar quando na análise da casa. É nesse sentido que consideramos a obra A Casa, de Natércia Campos,  um  singelo  exemplo desse ato existencial pautado na intensidade do habitar. Pois, antropomorfzando a  casa,  também  narradora  desse romance,  a  autora  torna-a  sujeito da  existência  daqueles que  por  ali  passam,  assim  não  sendo  a  casa simples objeto de moradia. Eis, portanto, uma tentativa de relacionar Geografa  e  Literatura,  a  partir  de  um  olhar geosófco,  na  ânsia  de buscar ampliações compreensivas para os dois conhecimentos.
Lugar e identidade na experiência migrante: entre eventualidade e transitoriedade / Place and Identity on Migrant Experience: Between eventuality and transience
Authors: Dal Gallo Priscila Marchiori
Published: September 2018

Propomos pensar a migração  refetindo sobre a  relação constituinte dos  lugares,  isto é, a relação ser-lugar. Relação esta que se confgura como  o  fundamento  das  questões migratórias.  Atentar  a  essa dimensão espaço-existencial do fenômeno migratório nos faz pensá-lo à  luz da ontologia. Tal posicionamento nos conduz a  refetir quais as  implicações sobre  a  segurança  ontológica  que  o  ato  de migrar engendra. Como o migrante negocia a continuidade do seu ser-e-estar-no-mundo.  Entendemos  que  essa negociação  envolve  a  busca  pela continuidade da narrativa existencial do migrante. Esta está embasada na constituição dos  lugares. O ser é sempre um ser-aí, a narrativa do lugar se  co-institui numa unidade  indivisível  com a narrativa do ser. Buscamos  refetir  tal negociação a partir da  identidade, entendendo esta  não  de  forma  abstrata, mas  como  a união  de  uma  unidade:  o migrante consigo mesmo, ser ele mesmo o mesmo.
Das imagens, a ausência: aportes teóricos para o estudo das imagens da cidade na geografia / From Images to the Absence: Theoretical Contributions to the Study of Images of the City in Geography
Authors: Lenzi Maria Helena
Published: September 2018

As imagens atuais das cidades fundamentam-se em um sentimento que as acompanha desde sua origem funerária, nos tempos mais remotos: a ausência. Em princípio, se a imagem mostra, ela não ausenta, pois mostrar é tornar presente. No entanto, a imagem presentifica e ausenta simultaneamente. Sua capacidade de ser atemporal e perpétua é seu cerne, em oposição ao cerne da cidade, que é efêmera, existindo no tempo presente. Na passagem do efêmero ao perpétuo, o atemporal passa a ser o real por meio da imagem, que projeta nossa visão para o passado e para o futuro, substituindo o presente. O objetivo principal desse artigo é trazer à tona a discussão a respeito das imagens nos estudos geográficos sobre as cidades, partindo, porém, do pressuposto de que as imagens expressam não só presenças, mas ausências. Na verdade, elas são a expressão de ausências. O estudo de caso, exemplificado ao longo do texto, versa sobre as imagens atuais de divulgação de Florianópolis, capital de Santa Catarina. O texto está divido em 3 partes: além da introdução e das conclusões,  discuto o conceito de imagem e o estatuto atual das imagens da cidade de Florianópolis.
Desviando olhares: estéticas-políticas dos relatos de viagem / Diverting aesthetic and political glimpses from travel accounts
Authors: Queiroz Filho Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2018

Os estudos que envolvem a geografia contemporânea tratam de questões que lidam com a produção de pensamento sobre o espaço a partir de temáticas e abordagens diferentes daquelas alinhadas com os paradigmas dominantes e hegemônicos da produção de conhecimento – geográfico (ex.: tecnicista, positivista, cientificistas, etc). São tomados como objeto de estudo e análise quaisquer obras da cultura, que são entendidas como gestos políticos de ação no mundo, as quais estão por realizar, de alguma forma, uma “grafia” do espaço. Este artigo teve por objetivo discutir, a partir das referências do pós-estruturalismo e da filosofia da diferença, uma atividade desenvolvida com alunos do curso de Geografia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES. O propósito da atividade foi a produção de relatos de viagem a partir da ideia de pensamento menor discutida por Deleuze e Guattari, aproximando Geografia e Arte como forma apontar, para possibilidades outras de produção de conhecimento e de (a)fetividade política.