bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI of Emergent Intracranial Infections and Their Complications
Authors: Martin Adam , Winn Aaron , Sanchez Allen , Castellon Ivan , Munera Felipe , Nunez Diego
Published: December 2020

Acute intracranial infections of the central nervous system and skull base are uncommon but time sensitive diagnoses that may present to the emergency department. As symptoms are frequently nonspecific or lack typical features of an infectious process, a high index of suspicion is required to confidently make the diagnosis, and imaging may not only serve as the first clue to an intracranial infection, but is often necessary to completely characterize the disease process and exclude any confounding conditions. Although computed tomography is typically the initial imaging modality for many of these patients, magnetic resonance imaging offers greater sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing intracranial infections, characterizing the full extent of infection, and identifying potential complications. The aim of this article is to serve as a review of the typical and most important imaging manifestations of these infections that can be encountered in the emergent setting.
A Case-based Review of Abdominal (and a Few Thoracic) Emergencies and Urgencies Using Single-shot MR
Authors: Infante Juan C. , Freedman Nicole L. , McClintock Ryan R. , Balcacer de la Cruz Patricia
Published: December 2020

The rapid evolution of MR scanners and pulse sequence design brings an ever-expanding arsenal of diagnostic tools to radiology departments. However, this increasing abundance of diagnostic tools accentuates the challenge of using new technology efficiently and wisely—that is, to employ what may help diagnosis and/or management, but discards what has a poor likelihood of aiding patient care. This article aims to highlight practical points regarding MR pulse sequences for the evaluation of common emergencies in body imaging through case examples.
Cell Cycle Delay, Pro-metaphase Arrest and C-metaphase Inducing Effects of Petroleum Ether Fraction of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofClerodendrum viscosumVent
Authors: Roy Sujit , Kundu Lalit Mohan , Roy Gobinda Chandra , Barman Manabendu , Ray Sanjib
Published: December 2020

Clerodendrum viscosumis a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study aimed to analyze cell cycle delay, pro-metaphase arrest, and c-metaphase inducing effects of the petroleum ether fraction (AQPEF) of leaf aqueous extract ofC. Viscosum(LAECV). The LAECV was fractionated with petroleum ether and its metaphase arrest, cell cycle delay, and c-metaphase inducing activities were tested onA. ceparoot tip cells. The AQPEF induced cell cycle delay, and colchicine like metaphase, c-metaphase, inA. ceparoot tip cells. Thus, the present study explores AQPEF as an active fraction of LAECV having metaphase arresting, cell cycle delay, and c-metaphase inducing potentials.
Neural Flip-Flops III: Stomatogastric Ganglion
Authors: Yoder Lane
Published: December 2020

The stomatogastric ganglion (STG) is a group of about 30 neurons that resides on the stomach in decapod crustaceans. Its two central pattern generators (CPGs) control the chewing action of the gastric mill and the peristaltic movement of food through the pylorus to the gut. The STG has been studied extensively because it has properties that are common to all nervous systems and because of the small number of neurons and other features that make it convenient to study. So many details are known that the STG is considered a classic test case in neuroscience for the reductionist strategy of explaining the emergence of macro-level phenomena from micro-level data. In spite of the intense scrutiny the STG has received, how it generates its rhythmic patterns of bursts remains unknown.

The explicit neural networks proposed here model the pyloric CPG of the American lobster (Homarus americanus). The models share enough significant features with the lobster’s CPG that they may be considered first approximations, or perhaps simplified versions, of STG architecture. The similarities include 1) mostly inhibitory synapses; 2) pairs of cells with reciprocal inhibitory inputs, complementary outputs that are approximately 180 degrees out of phase, and state changes occurring with the high output changing first; 3) cells that have reciprocal, inhibitory inputs with more than one other cell; and 4) six cells that produce coordinated oscillations with the same period, four phases distributed approximately uniformly over the period, and half of the burst durations approximately 1/4 of the period and the other half 3/8.

Each model’s connectivity is explicit, and its operation depends only on minimal neuron capabilities of excitation and inhibition. One model performs a function that fills a gap in standard ring oscillators. It is apparently new to engineering, making it an example of neuroscience and logic circuit design informing each other.

Some models are derived from standard circuit designs by moving each negation symbol from one end of a connection to the other. This does not change the logic of the network, but it changes each logic gate to one that can be implemented with a single neuron.
Membrane Env liposomes for immunization with HIV spikes
Authors: Leaman Daniel P. , Stano Armando , Chen Yajing , Zhang Lei , Zwick Michael B.
Published: December 2020

A key goal in HIV vaccine design remains to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spike (mEnv). However, mEnv has lagged behind engineered soluble Envs in vaccine development due to low expression yields and the presence of extraneous proteins on particles. Here, we describe a mEnv vaccine platform that requires no extra proteins or protein engineering. MEnv trimers were fixed, purified and combined with liposomes in mild detergent. On removal of detergent, mEnvs were observed embedded in particles, designatedmEnvliposomes (MELs), which were recognized by HIV bnAbs but not non-nAbs. Following sequential immunization in rabbits, MEL antisera neutralized select tier 2 HIV isolates. Variations between the Env immunogens, including a missing N-glycosylation site at position 197 near the CD4 binding site, provide insights into the specificities elicited and possible ways to improve immunogens. MELs can facilitate vaccine design to elicit HIV bnAbs using biochemically defined and multimerized mEnv.
The tumor suppressor protein PTEN undergoes amyloid-like aggregation in tumor cells
Authors: Claes Filip , Maritschnegg Elisabeth , De Baets Greet , Siekierska Aleksandra , Rubio Mirian Saiz , Ramakers Meine , Michiels Emiel , De Smet Frederik , Depreeuw Jeroen , Vergote Ignace , Vanderstichele Adriaan , Van den Broeck Annick , Olbrecht Siel , Hermans Els , Amant Frédéric , Lambrechts Diether , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost
Published: December 2020

Protein aggregation is an underappreciated mechanism that may contribute to the loss- and oncogenic-gain-of-function of mutant tumor suppressors such as p53 and axin. In the present study, we describe amyloid-like aggregation behaviour of the second most frequently mutated tumor suppressor in human cancer, PTEN.In silicoanalysis revealed a particularly high aggregation vulnerability for this protein, which was corroborated byin vitroaggregation assays. In cultured tumor cells, we found that under stress conditions, PTEN readily undergoes amyloid-like aggregation as a result of mutation. However, we also show that severe dysregulation of protein homeostasis may lead to aggregation of wild-type PTEN. These observations were supported by a small survey of patient-derived uterine tumor tissues, which found that more than 25% of tumors analyzed displayed wild-type PTEN aggregation. Finally, in an exploratory clinical study we found that PTEN aggregation status was correlated with a decline in clinical outcome. Our findings establish that the tumor suppressor PTEN is highly aggregation-prone and our work suggests that protein aggregation might be an underestimated but prevalent component of cancer cell biology.
Uncovering an allosteric mode of action for a selective inhibitor of human Bloom syndrome protein
Authors: Chen X. , Ali Y. , Fisher C.E.L. , Arribas-Bosacoma R. , Rajasekaran M.B. , Williams G. , Walker S. , Booth J.R. , Hudson J.J.R. , Roe S.M. , Pearl L. H. , Ward S. E. , Pearl F. M. G. , Oliver A.W.
Published: December 2020

BLM (Bloom syndrome protein) is a RECQ-family helicase involved in the dissolution of complex DNA structures and repair intermediates. Synthetic lethality analysis implicates BLM as a promising target in a range of cancers with defects in the DNA damage response, however selective small molecule inhibitors of defined mechanism are currently lacking. Here we identify and characterise a specific inhibitor of BLM’s ATPase-coupled DNA helicase activity, by allosteric trapping of a DNA-bound translocation intermediate. Crystallographic structures of BLM-DNA-ADP-inhibitor complexes identify a hitherto unknown interdomain interface, whose opening and closing are integral to translocation of ssDNA, and which provides a highly selective pocket for drug discovery. Comparison with structures of other RECQ helicases provides a model for branch migration of Holliday junctions by BLM.
Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018
Authors: Obusan Marie Christine M. , Caras Jamaica Ann A. , Lumang Lara Sabrina L. , Calderon Erika Joyce S. , Villanueva Ren Mark D. , Salibay Cristina C. , Siringan Maria Auxilia T. , Rivera Windell L. , Masangkay Joseph S. , Aragones Lemnuel V.
Published: December 2020

The relatively high frequency of marine mammal stranding events in the Philippines provide many research opportunities. A select set of stranders (n=21) from 2017 to 2018 were sampled for bacteriology and histopathology. Pertinent tissues and bacteria were collected from eight species (i.e.Feresa attenuata, Kogia breviceps, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Grampus griseus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Peponocephala electra, Stenella attenuataandStenella longirostris)and were subjected to histopathological examination and antibiotic resistance screening, respectively. Lesions that were observed in tissues of 19 cetaceans include congestion, hemorrhage, edema, hemosiderosis, glomerulopathy, Zenker’s necrosis, atrophy, atelectasis, and parasitic cysts. These lesions may be associated with factors possibly contributing to the death, debility, and stress of the animals during their strandings. On the other hand, the resistance profiles of 24 bacteria (belonging to generaEscherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus,andShigella)that were isolated from four cetaceans were determined using 18 antibiotics. All 24 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic class, and 79.17% were classified as multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). The MAR index values of isolates ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 with all the isolates resistant to erythromycin (100%; n=24) and susceptible to imipenem, doripenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin (100%; n=24). The resistance profiles of these bacteria can be used as basis for selecting antibiotics needed in the medical management of stranded cetaceans that need to be rehabilitated. Overall, the histopathological and bacteriological findings of the study demonstrate the challenges faced by cetacean species in the wild, such as but not limited to, biological pollution through land-sea movement of effluents, fisheries interactions, and anthropogenic activities.
The association of child maltreatment and systemic inflammation in adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Kerr Daniel M , McDonald James , Minnis Helen
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Child maltreatment (CM) is associated with mental and physical health disorders in adulthood. Some studies have identified elevated markers of systemic inflammation in adult survivors of CM, and inflammation may mediate the association between CM with later health problems. However, there are methodological inconsistencies in studies of the association between CM and systemic inflammation and findings are conflicting. We performed a systemic review to examine the association of CM with systemic inflammation in adults.

Methods

A systematic review was performed following PRISMA . Medline, Embase, Scopus and PsychInfo were searched for studies of the association of CM with blood markers of inflammation in adults. Quality was assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. We had intended to perform a meta-analysis but this was not possible due to variation in study design and reporting.

Results

Forty-six articles met criteria for inclusion in the review. The most widely reported biomarkers were C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (n=29), interleukin-6 (n=25) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a). Four studies were prospective (all relating to CRP) and the remainder were retrospective. 85% of studies were based in Western settings. In the prospective studies, CM was associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. Results of retrospective studies were conflicting. Methodological issues relating to the construct of CM, methods of analysis, and accounting for confounding or mediating variables (particularly Body Mass Index) may contribute to the uncertainty in the field.

Conclusions

There is some robust evidence from prospective studies that CM is associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. We have identified significant methodological issues in the literature and have proposed measures that future researchers could employ to improve consistency across studies. Further prospective, longitudinal, research using robust and comparable measures of CM with careful consideration of confounding and mediating variables are required to bring clarity to this field.
Structural basis of nucleosome transcription mediated by Chd1 and FACT
Authors: Farnung Lucas , Ochmann Moritz , Engeholm Maik , Cramer Patrick
Published: December 2020

Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes requires passage of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) through nucleosomes. Efficient Pol II passage through nucleosomes depends on the chromatin remodelling factor Chd11and the histone chaperone FACT2. How Chd1 and FACT mediate Pol II passage through nucleosomes remains unclear. Here we first show that Chd1 and FACT cooperate with the elongation factors Spt4/5 and TFIIS to facilitate Pol II transcription through a nucleosome in a defined biochemical system. We then determine cryo-EM structures of transcribingSaccharomyces cerevisiaePol II-Spt4/5-nucleosome complexes with bound Chd1 or FACT at 2.9 Å and 3.1 Å resolution, respectively. In the first structure, transcribing Pol II has partially unwrapped nucleosomal DNA and exposed the proximal histone H2A/H2B dimer, which is bound by the acidic N-terminal region of Spt5 (Spt5N). The inhibitory DNA-binding region of Chd1 is released3and the Chd1 translocase adopts an activated state that is poised to pump DNA towards Pol II. In the second structure, transcribing Pol II has generated a partially unravelled nucleosome that binds FACT in a manner that excludes Chd1 and Spt5N. These results suggest a dynamic model of Pol II passage through a nucleosome. In the model, Pol II enters the nucleosome4, activates Chd1 by releasing its DNA-binding region, and thereby stimulates its own progression. Pol II progression then enables FACT binding, liberates Chd1 and Spt5N, and eventually displaces a complex of FACT with histones that is transferred to upstream DNA.
Isolation, spectral characterization and biological activity of fractions of the flavonoid-containingGratiola officinalisL. extract
Authors: Shirokov Alexander , Grinev Vyacheslav , Polukonova Natalya , Verkhovsky Roman , Doroshenko Alena , Mudrak Dmitry , Navolokin Nikita , Polukonova Anna , Bucharskaya Alla , Maslyakova Galina
Published: December 2020

The extract ofG. officinaliswas separated by five major fractions and the antitumor activity of hydrophobic fractions has been established. For the most active fractions spectral investigations of the main component were performed using UV-Vis electronic spectra, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. On the basis of spectral characteristics, it was demonstrated that the main components of the fractions4and5ofG. officinalisproviding its biological activity, highly likely, are of flavonoid nature. Based on the NMR data we propose the structure of the aglycon moiety of the main component from fraction4as 4,2’,5’-trihydroxychalcone. The fraction5is the most active, the antitumor effect of which is implemented through cytotoxic, cytostatic, apoptotic and autophagosomal activity in respect to human kidney cancer tumor cells.
The Erythropoietin Receptor Stimulates Rapid Cycling and Formation of Larger Red Cells During Mouse and Human Erythropoiesis
Authors: Hidalgo Daniel , Bejder Jacob , Pop Ramona , Gellatly Kyle , Scalf S. Maxwell , Eastman Anna E. , Chen Jane-Jane , Zhu Lihua Julie , Heuberger Jules A.A.C. , Guo Shangqin , Koury Mark J. , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Socolovsky Merav
Published: December 2020

Erythroid terminal differentiation entails cell divisions that are coupled to progressive decreases in cell size. EpoR signaling is essential for the survival of erythroid precursors, but it is unclear whether it has other functions in these cells. Here we endowed mouse precursors that lack the EpoR with survival signaling, finding that this was sufficient to support their differentiation into enucleated red cells, but that the process was abnormal. Precursors underwent fewer and slower cell cycles and yet differentiated into smaller red cells. Surprisingly, EpoR further accelerated cycling of early erythroblasts, the fastest cycling cells in the bone marrow, while simultaneously increasing their cell size. EpoR-mediated formation of larger red cells was independent of the established pathway regulating red cell size by iron through Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI). We confirmed the effect of Epo on red cell size in human volunteers, whose mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased following Epo administration. This increase persisted after Epo declined and was not the result of increased reticulocytes. Our work reveals a unique effect of EpoR signaling on the interaction between the cell cycle and cell growth. Further, it suggests new diagnostic interpretations for increased red cell volume, as reflecting high Epo and erythropoietic stress.
Preparing Cell Smears for Staining
Authors: Rodig Scott J.
Published: December 2020

Increasing use is being made of cell smears for cell-staining studies. Suspension cells can be attached to slides by drying, and cell smears can also be prepared from biopsy samples, such as needle aspirates, tissue scrapings, or freshly dissected tissues. In these procedures, a thin layer of cells is deposited on a dry slide by physical methods. The most important factor in obtaining good staining patterns is that the smear be only a single cell thick. Tissue smears do not preserve tissue architecture, but are useful for identifying pathological changes and infectious organisms in tissue samples. Cell smears are easily prepared and can be fixed readily by any of the methods used for attached cells.
Institutional logics and practice variations in sustainability reporting: evidence from an emerging field
Authors: Mahmood Zeeshan , Uddin Shahzad
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to deepen the understanding of logics and practice variation in sustainability reporting in an emerging field.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts the institutional logics perspective and its conceptualization of society as an inter-institutional system as a theoretical lens to understand reasons for the presence of and variation in sustainability reporting. The empirical findings are based on analysis of 28 semi-structured interviews with significant social actors, and extensive documentary evidence focusing on eight companies pioneering sustainability reporting in Pakistan.

Findings

This paper confirms the presence of multiple co-existing logics in sustainability practices and lack of a dominant logic. Sustainability reporting practices are underpinned by a combination of market and corporate (business logics), state (regulatory logics), professional (transparency logics) and community (responsibility logics) institutional orders. It is argued that institutional heterogeneity (variations in logics) drives the diversity of motivations for and variations in sustainability reporting practices.

Research limitations/implications

The paper offers a deeper theoretical explanation of how various logics dominate sustainability reporting in a field where the institutionalization of practice is in its infancy.

Practical implications

Understanding the conditions that influence the logics of corporate decision-makers will provide new insights into what motivates firms to engage in sustainability reporting. A broader understanding of sustainability reporting in emerging fields will foster its intended use to increase transparency, accountability and sustainability performance.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to relatively scarce but growing empirical research on emerging fields. Its major contribution lies in its focus on how multiple and conflicting institutional logics are instantiated at the organizational level, leading to wide practice variations, especially in an emerging field. In doing so, it advances the institutional logics debate on practice variations within the accounting literature.
Chohan Decoration Services Pakistan – survival amid COVID-19
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Rehman , Qazi Asad Ali
Published: December 2020

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes of this paper is as follows: understand the impact of macroeconomic challenges on startups; gain insights into the effects of self-management attribute over entrepreneurial effectiveness and performance; create a conceptual framework for customer satisfaction; analyze the internal and external factors affecting the entrepreneurial journey of new startups.

Case overview/synopsis

This case revolves around the entrepreneurial journey of Mr Khursheed Chohan who belonged to Sukkur (Pakistan). He started his journey as a daily wage worker in the year 2002 at the age of 17 years. After one year he acquired a rickshaw on rent and would drive the same as a taxi. In the year 2006, he started the job as a private driver. For achieving his dreams, he moved to Karachi (the land of opportunities) at the age of 27 years. During his stay in Karachi, he learned about insights into the wedding decoration industry. Keeping in view the market requirements, he also took some training courses on learning computers. By the age of 34, he returned to his hometown with the will to start his business venture of wedding decoration services. It had been around one year, he was successfully running his business. However, the emergence of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the imposition of lockdown over businesses were his most recent challenges. While Chohan had pre-booked several orders and secured advance money, shall he be able to survive the COVID-19 effects? Shall he be able to continue his entrepreneurial journey?

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) of radiotherapy
Authors: Govindarajan Rajaram , Laeequddin Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are as follows: students will discover the importance of process orientation in management; students will determine the root cause of the problem by applying root cause analysis technique; students will identify the failure modes, analyze their effect, score them on a scale and prioritize the corrective action to prevent the failures; students will analyze the processes and propose error-proof system/s; and students will analyze organizational culture and ethical issues.

Case overview/synopsis

Purpose: This case study is intended as a class-exercise, for students to discover the importance of process-orientation in management, analyze the ethical dilemma in health care and to apply quality management techniques, such as five-why, root cause analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and error-proofing, in the management of the health-care and service industry. Design/methodology/approach: A voluntary reporting of a case of “radiation overdose” in a hospital’s radio therapy treatment unit, which led to an ethical dilemma. Consequently, a study was conducted to establish the causes of the incident and to develop a fail-proof system, to avoid recurrence. Findings: After careful analysis of the process-flow and the root causes, 25 potential failure modes were detected and the team had assigned a risk priority number (RPN) for each potential incident, selected the top ten RPNs and developed an error-proofing system to prevent recurrence. Subsequently, the improvement process was carried out for all the 25 potential incidents and a new control mechanism was implemented. The question of ethical dilemma remained unresolved. Research limitations/implications: Ishikawa diagram, FMEA and Poka-Yoke techniques require a multi-disciplinary team with process knowledge in identifying the possible root causes for errors, potential risks and also the possible error-proofing method/s. Besides, these techniques need frank discussions and agreement among team members on the efforts for the development of action plan, implementation and control of the new processes. Practical implications: Students can take the case data to identify root cause analysis and the RPN (RPN = possibility of detection × probability of occurrence × severity), to redesign the protocols, through systematic identification of the deficiencies of the existing protocols. Further, they can recommend quality improvement projects. Faculty can navigate the case session orientation, emphasizing quality management or ethical practices, depending on the course for which the case is selected.

Complexity academic level

MBA or PG Diploma in Management – health-care management, hospital administration, operations management, services operations, total quality management (TQM) and ethics.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
The role of the Big 4 and second-tier international networks in redeveloping China’s audit market
Authors: Lento Camillo , Yeung Wing Him
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore the audit quality supplied by the Big 4, large indigenous Chinese (LIC) and five largest second-tier international network (Tier 2) audit firms in China during the second phase of their audit market development.

Design/methodology/approach

Ordinary least squares regression is used on an archival sample of firm-year observations. Endogeneity and self-selection bias are addressed by creating a propensity score matched sample and using two-stage regression with the inverse Mills’ ratio.

Findings

Strong evidence is found for higher levels of actual audit quality for the Big 4 relative to both LIC and Tier 2 audit firms. Weak evidence is found regarding the audit quality superiority of Tier 2 relative to LIC audit firms. Furthermore, the actual audit quality differential between the Big 4 relative to the LIC and Tier 2 firms widens after adopting International Financial Reporting Standards, which is contrary to the intention of Chinese regulators.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first known empirical study to trisect Big N and non-Big N audit firm proxies into the Big 4, LIC and Tier 2. Currently, only qualitative studies have fully appreciated the unique regulatory roles of these three firm structures in developing China’s audit market, which reflect tensions between reliance on foreign expertise and self-determination. In addition, this study adds to the ongoing global dialogue on Tier 2 as an alternative to the Big 4 and the benefits of international accounting network membership.
From CEO passion to exploratory and exploitative innovation: the moderating roles of market and technological turbulence
Authors: Cai Wenjun , Wu Jianlin , Gu Jibao
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Innovation has been identified as a critical element to achieve firms' growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) passion on firm innovation, including exploratory and exploitative innovation and examine the moderating roles of market and technological turbulence.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the methodology of survey and uses multisource and time-lagged data of 146 firms in China. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) is used to test the hypotheses of this study.

Findings

This study finds that CEO passion promotes exploratory and exploitative innovation. Results also indicate that market turbulence strengthens the effect of CEO passion on exploratory and exploitative innovation, whereas technological turbulence weakens such an effect.

Originality/value

CEO passion is an important, positive affect which inspires CEOs to work for firms, but it has not yet received enough attention in the innovation literature. This study contributes to examining the impact of CEO passion on firm innovation and contributes to the contingency under which CEO passion influences firm innovation. Furthermore, this research finds that the moderating effects of market and technological turbulence are different in the relationship between CEO passion and firm innovation.
The presumed influence of digital misinformation: examining US public’s support for governmental restrictions versus corrective action in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Yang , Luo Yunjuan
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Informed by the third-person effects (TPE) theory, this study aims to analyze restrictive versus corrective actions in response to the perceived TPE of misinformation on social media in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an online survey among 1,793 adults in the USA in early April. All participants were randomly enrolled in this research through a professional survey company. The structural equation modeling via Amos 20 was adopted for hypothesis testing.

Findings

Results indicated that individuals also perceived that others were more influenced by misinformation about COVID-19 than they were. Further, such a perceptual gap was associated with public support for governmental restrictions and corrective action. Negative affections toward health misinformation directly affected public support for governmental restrictions rather than corrective action. Support for governmental restrictions could further facilitate corrective action.

Originality/value

This study examined the applicability of TPE theory in the context of digital health misinformation during a unique global crisis. It explored the significant role of negative affections in influencing restrictive and corrective actions. Practically, this study offered implications for information and communication educators and practitioners.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-08-2020-0386
Whole community co-production: a full picture behind the successful COVID-19 response in S. Korea
Authors: Yeo Jungwon , Lee Eun Sun
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine and understand South Korea’s (S. Korea) COVID-19 response operations, a notable case for other countries to emulate, and suggest some practical implications for other countries struggling with coping with the current pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the case, the authors propose a new theoretical framework based on concepts of the whole community approach in the emergency management field and on co-production in public administration studies, and use the theoretical framework to analyze the details of S. Korea’s whole community co-production for COVID-19 response.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that the successful pandemic response in S. Korea is attributable to a nationwide whole community co-production among multiple actors, including government, various industries, sectors, jurisdictions and even individual citizens, within and across relevant public service and public policy domains.

Originality/value

This study suggests a new theoretical framework, whole community co-production, which contributes to the conceptual advancement of co-production in the field of public administration and a whole community approach in the field of emergency and crisis management. The framework also suggests practical implications for other countries to integrate whole community coproduction that may transform current response operations to cope with COVID-19.
Leader dark personality and team agreeableness: a recipe for volatile team performance
Authors: Uppal Nishant
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effects of the leaders’ dark triad (DT) personality traits, namely, Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy, on the team performance variability. Furthermore, this work explores the role of team agreeableness in the above relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the longitudinal and archival data obtained from the sales team (team leaders: n = 190; team members: n = 832) of 19 firms dealing with fast-moving consumer goods in India.

Findings

From the finding of the study, it can be inferred that the presence of DT traits in the leaders causes high fluctuations in team performance. Besides, team agreeableness was found to moderate the relationship between the DT traits of the leaders and the team performance variability.

Originality/value

The theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.
Pemphigus vulgaris in two pairs of siblings from two unrelated Italian families: Human leukocyte antigen genotypes, ST18 mutation and immunological profile
Authors: Fania Luca , Moro Francesco , De Paolis Elisa , Provini Alessia , Salemme Adele , Mariotti Feliciana , Sinagra Jo Linda Maria , Mazzanti Cinzia , Ruzzi Laura , Capoluongo Ettore , Di Zenzo Giovanni
Published: December 2020

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune intraepithelial bullous disease. Associations with the class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and pemphigus vulgaris have been described. Furthermore, an association between the single nucleotide polymorphism of the ST18 gene and pemphigus vulgaris has been reported. We report two pairs of siblings from two unrelated Italian families affected by pemphigus vulgaris, characterizing their genetic and immunological profile. In order to assess the genetic background, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DQB1, HLA‐DRB1 and a relevant ST18 polymorphism were investigated. As for the immunological profiles, anti‐desmoglein antibodies were analyzed. In family A, the two pemphigus vulgaris patients had the same HLA genetic profile: HLA‐DQA1 *01:04/*03:01, HLA‐DQB1 *03:02/*05:03 and HLA‐DRB1 *04:02/*14:01. The male patient was heterozygous for the ST18 mutation while the female patient had a wild genotype. In family B, the two pemphigus vulgaris patients were both wild type for the ST18 mutation and showed the same HLA genotype: HLA‐DQA1 *03:01/*05:08, HLA‐DQB1 *03:01/*03:03 and HLA‐DRB1 *04:02/*11:01. Our data show a relevant relationship between the HLA profile and pemphigus vulgaris in our Italian families. In family A, all six alleles are frequently associated with pemphigus vulgaris and were expressed only in the two pemphigus patients; and in family B, two of the six alleles are frequently associated with pemphigus vulgaris. No relevant relationship was found between ST18 polymorphism and pemphigus disease.
A case of omental torsion and infarct diagnosed on computed tomography
Authors: Liu Geoffrey , Patel Mihir
Published: December 2020

A rare case of omental torsion and infarct diagnosed on CT in a 63‐year‐old male with undifferentiated abdominal pain.
In‐service mathematics teachers’ video‐based noticing of 3D printing pens “in action”
Authors: Ng Oi‐Lam , Chan To
Published: December 2020

We adopt five observation categories, namely classroom management, classroom environment, communication, mathematical content and tasks, to analyse four in‐service secondary mathematics teachers’ noticing upon watching video episodes showing an actual mathematics lesson that implemented 3D Printing Pens for teaching and learning shape and space. We use coding to analyse what the participants generally identified as important or noteworthy in the video. Moreover, we employ thematic analysis to delve deeper into the participants’ interpretations and decisions in relation to using 3D Pens for teaching and learning mathematics. Our findings have implications for teachers’ professional development in the area of technology integration especially in terms of their realisation of the affordances of novel‐to‐them technologies. We also report methodological and conceptual contributions towards teacher noticing.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Various frameworks have been proposed for conceptualising teachers’ expertise in technology‐rich pedagogies; however, few have addressed teachers’ initial experience of adopting a novel‐to‐them technology in subject teaching.

In teacher education, the method of video‐based noticing has been widely undertaken in the last two decades to help preservice and in‐service teachers visualise complex classroom situations and interpret classroom events.

What this paper adds

This study investigates what in‐service mathematics teachers find significant, the pedagogical considerations they make and their professional development in integrating technologies for teaching and learning mathematics.

Particularly, video‐based noticing is used as a means for facilitating teachers’ professional growth through realising the affordances of 3D Printing Pens in mathematics education.

Implications for practice and/or policy

This study provides qualitative evidence that video‐based noticing was productive in facilitating teachers’ technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK), in particular, in realising the educational affordances of a novel‐to‐them technology.

The videos captured the dynamic process of students’ drawing with 3D Pens “in action” rather than merely capturing their final products in a static manner, which facilitated the teachers’ reflections about the evolution of students’ mathematical thinking.
Effects of a whey protein pre‐meal on bone turnover in participants with and without type 2 diabetes—A post hoc analysis of a randomised, controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Bjørnshave Ann , Lykkeboe Simon , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Hermansen Kjeld , Starup‐Linde Jakob
Published: December 2020

Aims

Whey protein may improve bone turnover and have anti‐osteoporotic effects. The aim of the present randomised, controlled, crossover trial was to evaluate the effects of a whey protein pre‐meal on bone turnover in people with type 2 diabetes and controls.

Methods

Two groups, matched on sex, age and body mass index, comprising 12 participants with and 12 participants without type 2 diabetes were randomly given a pre‐meal of whey protein (20 g) or water, which was consumed 15 min before a fat‐rich meal or a fat‐rich meal supplemented with 20 g whey protein. During a 360‐min period, postprandial responses in bone turnover were examined.

Results

Osteocalcin, P‐procollagen type 1 amino terminal propeptide (P1NP), C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type‐I collagen (CTX) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were lower at baseline and PTH, osteocalcin and P1NP were lower during the entire postprandial phase in participants with type 2 diabetes than in participants without type 2 diabetes. We observed similar postprandial responses in bone turnover markers between persons with and without type 2 diabetes. We observed no effect of the whey protein or the water pre‐meal on bone turnover markers. The changes were unrelated to secretion of hormones of the gut–bone axis.

Conclusion

Osteocalcin, P1NP, CTX and PTH all decreased following meal ingestion. We observed no convincing effect of a whey protein pre‐meal on bone turnover. However, these results confirm that people with type 2 diabetes have low bone turnover and that the decreased bone formation markers are also extend into the postprandial responses.
The buffering effect of social support on diabetes distress and depressive symptoms in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Ritholz Marilyn D. , Dhanyamraju Krishna
Published: December 2020

Background

Social support may buffer or decrease the negative effects of diabetes distress (DD) and depressive symptoms on diabetes outcomes. We assessed the buffering role of social support in the relationship between DD and self‐care and depressive symptoms and self‐care in adults with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes.

Methods

Participants completed the Diabetes Distress Scale for T2D or T1D, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Self‐Care Inventory‐Revised. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression models using SPSS version 26.0.

Results

A total of 325 adults (median age = 40.5 years, 62.2% women, 86.5% White; 59.7% T2D, A1C = 59 ± 6 mmol/mol or 7.5 ± 1.6%; median duration = 11.0 years) participated. Greater social support buffered the negative effects of DD on self‐care (R2Δ = 0.015, p = 0.024) as well as depressive symptoms on self‐care (R2Δ = 0.024, p = 0.004) in participants with T1D and T2D. Both regression models recorded medium effect sizes (F2 = 0.220, F2 = 0.234 respectively). Social support subscale analyses showed tangible support (R2Δ = 0.016, p = 0.018) and affectionate support (R2Δ = 0.016, p = 0.020) buffered DD and self‐care, and emotional support (R2Δ = 0.015, p = 0.022), tangible support (R2Δ = 0.020, p = 0.009), affectionate support (R2Δ = 0.025, p = 0.004) and positive interaction support (R2Δ = 0.017, p = 0.018) buffered depressive symptoms and self‐care.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that social support buffers the impact of DD and depressive symptoms on self‐care in adults with T1D and T2D. Additional research is needed to confirm the buffering role of social support on DD and depressive symptoms. Greater understanding of these interactions may help improve clinical care and outcomes.
Exploring disconnected discourses about Patient and Public Involvement and Volunteer Involvement in English health and social care
Authors: Grotz Jurgen , Birt Linda , Edwards Heather , Locke Michael , Poland Fiona
Published: December 2020

Background

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health and social care policy, service decision‐making and research are presented as good practice in England. Yet the explicit rationale for PPI and how it is positioned within the literature, policy and practice remain confused, in particular, in relation to Volunteer Involvement (VI). In health and social care, PPI and VI are managed and valued as conceptually distinct, yet the discourses in their policy and practice documents treat them as closely related in fundamental ways.

Objective

Compare and critically evaluate discourses framing PPI and VI within English health and social care.

Design

A critical discourse approach was used to explore the accounts of PPI and VI in policy. These accounts were then compared and contrasted with personal accounts of volunteering in health and social care settings.

Results

Twenty documents from key national health and social care bodies were discursively examined in terms of their framing PPI and VI. A narrative disconnect between the two was repeatedly confirmed. This finding contrasted with an analysis of personal accounts of VI which displayed VI as a form of PPI.

Conclusion

There is a disconnect between language, narratives and practice in PPI and in VI which may have direct consequences for policy and practice. Recognising and managing it can offer innovative ways of enabling volunteers to be involved across health and social care settings, ensuring the experiential value added by volunteers’ service contributions, to be recognised so that their democratic participation may be seen to shape services.
Effect of corn starch on the structure, physicochemical and gel properties of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) myosin
Authors: Mi Hongbo , Liang Shangyun , Li Zhenghan , Yi Shumin , Chen Jingxin , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong
Published: December 2020

Effects of corn starch on structure, physicochemical and gel properties of myosin were investigated. Particle size, turbidity, surface hydrophobicity and total sulphhydryl groups of myosin were significantly increased with the increasing of starch concentration, and the increase range of high amylose corn starch (HACS) group was the most significant. Tryptophan residue of myosin was buried, and fluorescence quenching occurred after starch was added. HACS made myosin secondary structure was changed from α‐helix to β‐sheet. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) photographs showed starch was encapsulated by aggregated myosin, which made the protein binding tighter and more beneficial to the formation of gel. Moreover, strength and water holding capacity of heat‐induced myosin gels containing starch were significantly higher than that of pure myosin. Starch, especially HACS, could induce myosin aggregation before heating gelatinisation and promote myosin self‐assembly at low temperature, which may be conducive to forming a higher quality gel after heating.
One‐step triplex high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis for rapid identification of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Chen Xiaoye , Fu Mingyang , Xu Wenjie , Huang Manhong , Cui Xiaowen , Cao Min , Xiong Xiaohui , Xiong Xiong
Published: December 2020

Gadus morhua, Gadus chalcogrammus and Melanogrammus aeglefinus represent the most frequently found Gadiformes species on Chinese market. While the phenotypic similarities and the absence of morphological features after production process make the visual identification a challenging task, paving the way for species mislabelling. The present study aimed to develop a novel one‐step triplex high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis for rapid authentication of G. morhua, G. chalcogrammus and M. aeglefinus, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase I, cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes, respectively. Results highlighted high specificity of the designed primers for each species. The triplex HRM assay allowed the full discrimination among G. morhua, G. chalcogrammus and M. aeglefinus, with high levels of confidence. Methodology validation succeeded on commercial products, proving the suitability of the one‐step triplex HRM assay for rapid identification of G. morhua, G. chalcogrammus and M. aeglefinus.