bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Visitors towards the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism at Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo, Surabaya
Authors: Widiawan Arvin , Santoso Thomas , Thio Sienny
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine visitors’ perceptions towards the implementation of sustainable tourism at Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo (KEMW) as seen from the perspectives of the environmental, economic, as well as social dimensions. The research method used is descriptive quantitative by distributing questionnaires to 101 respondents as KEMW visitors. The study result shows that the implementation of sustainable tourism from the environmental dimension still prioritizes goals that lead to conservation. Sustainable tourism from the economic dimension is directed to provide benefit to the local economy. Whereas from the social dimension, KEMW has given visitors a sense of comfort and security. KEMW management is expected to be able to create more proactive programs, to educate visitors about conservation, and to involve the community to clean up waste in deeper forest areas. Moreover, the management should promote the variety of processed local mangrove products, as well as add facilities that provide easier access for visitors with special needs. Further research can be done by either measuring the level of visitor satisfaction towards the services of KEMW’s employees or identifying the impact of the presence of KEMW on the economic and social characteristics of the local population.
FOXO1 suppresses PGC‐1β gene expression in skeletal muscles
Authors: Nakai Shiho , Oyabu Mamoru , Hatazawa Yukino , Akashi Shiori , Kitamura Tadahiro , Miura Shinji , Kamei Yasutomi
Published: May 2020

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1β (PGC‐1β) is a transcriptional regulator whose increased expression activates energy expenditure‐related genes in skeletal muscles. However, how PGC‐1β is regulated remains largely unclear. Here, we show that PGC‐1β gene expression is negatively correlated with the expression of a transcription factor, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), whose expression is increased during muscle atrophy. In the skeletal muscles of FOXO1‐overexpressing transgenic mice, PGC‐1β gene expression is decreased. Denervation or plaster cast‐based unloading, as well as fasting, increases endogenous FOXO1 expression in skeletal muscles, with decreased PGC‐1β expression. In the skeletal muscles of FOXO1‐knockout mice, the decrease in PGC‐1β expression caused by fasting was attenuated. Tamoxifen‐inducible FOXO1 activation in C2C12 myoblasts causes a marked decrease of PGC‐1β expression. These findings together reveal that FOXO1 activation suppresses PGC‐1β expression. During atrophy with FOXO1 activation, decreased PGC‐1β may decrease energy expenditure and avoid wasting energy.
Pig‐specific RNA editing during early embryo development revealed by genome‐wide comparisons
Authors: Li Tongtong , Li Qun , Li Hao , Xiao Xia , Ahmad Warraich Dawood , Zhang Ning , Chen Ziyun , Hou Junyao , Liu Tong , Weng Xiaogang , Liu Zhonghua , Hua Jinlian , Liao Mingzhi
Published: May 2020

Posttranscriptional modification of mRNA sequences through RNA editing can increase transcriptome and proteome diversity in eukaryotes. Studies of fetal and adult tissues showed that adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing plays a crucial role in early human development, but there is a lack of global understanding of dynamic RNA editing during mammalian early embryonic development. Therefore, here we used RNA sequencing data from human, pig and mouse during early embryonic development to detect edited genes that may regulate stem cell pluripotency. We observed that although most of the RNA editing sites are located in intergenic, intron and UTR, a few editing sites are in coding regions and may result in nonsynonymous amino acid changes. Some editing sites are predicted to change the structure of a protein. We also report that HNF1A, TBX3, ACLY, ECI1 and ERDR1 are related to embryonic development and cell division.
Longitudinal study on nerve ultrasound and corneal confocal microscopy in NF155 paranodopathy
Authors: Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Motte Jeremias , Fisse Anna Lena , Grueter Thomas , Trampe Nadine , Sturm Dietrich , Tegenthoff Martin , Sgodzai Melissa , Klimas Rafael , Querol Luis , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi
Published: May 2020

We report the case of a 27‐year‐old patient with subacute anti‐neurofascin‐155 neuropathy with bifacial palsy, who showed excellent response to rituximab. We provide longitudinal data of established clinical scores, nerve conduction studies, antibody titers, and novel imaging methods (nerve ultrasonography and corneal confocal microscopy). Clinical and electrophysiological improvement followed the reduction of serum antibody titer and correlated with a reduction of corneal inflammatory cellular infiltrates whereas the increase in the cross‐sectional area of the peripheral nerves remained 12 months after first manifestation. Our findings suggest that novel techniques provide useful follow‐up parameters in paranodopathies.
Identifying a Response for the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity 2000 Glucocorticoid Index
Authors: Touma Zahi , Gladman Dafna D. , Zandy Moe , Su Jiandong , Anderson Nicole , Urowitz Murray B.
Published: May 2020

Objective

To compare the performance of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI‐2K) and the SLEDAI‐2K Glucocorticoids (SLEDAI‐2KG) indices in identifying responders to standard of care therapy.

Methods

Data from adult patients seen between 1995 and 2018 at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic were analyzed. Patients with active disease (SLEDAI‐2K score ≥6) and receiving prednisone ≥5 mg/day, and with a follow‐up visit at 9 months, were studied. Response to standard of care therapy at first follow‐up visit was assessed using the SLEDAI‐2K and SLEDAI‐2KG. The performances of the SLEDAI‐2K and SLEDAI‐2KG were compared using a cutoff point of 4.

Results

In a cohort of 188, the majority of patients were female (86.0%) and White (47.9%). Of 188 patients, 145 (77.1%) were responders and had a decrease in SLEDAI‐2K score of ≥4. The SLEDAI‐2KG identified 142 (97.9%) responders among the SLEDAI‐2K responders. More importantly, the SLEDAI‐2KG identified 11 (25.6%) additional responders among SLEDAI‐2K nonresponders (n = 43). This resulted from the ability of the SLEDAI‐2KG to account for the decrease in glucocorticoids dose.

Conclusion

The SLEDAI‐2KG provides a novel concept for the assessment of lupus disease activity while accounting for glucocorticoids dosage to reflect on disease activity overall at a particular visit. The SLEDAI‐2KG accounts for the disease activity for each descriptor while also accounting for the current glucocorticoids dosage. The SLEDAI‐2KG adds 1 additional variable (glucocorticoids dosage) to the SLEDAI‐2K, which could alter response rates in drug trials and observational studies.
Comparison of the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria With Two Sets of Earlier Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria
Authors: Petri Michelle , Goldman Daniel W. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Gordon Caroline , Merrill Joan T. , Fortin Paul R. , Bruce Ian N. , Isenberg David , Wallace Daniel , Nived Ola , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Hanly John G. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Clarke Ann E. , Aranow Cynthia , Manzi Susan , Urowitz Murray , Gladman Dafna D. , Kalunian Ken , Werth Victoria P. , Zoma Asad , Bernatsky Sasha , Khamashta Munther , Jacobsen Søren , Buyon Jill P. , Dooley Mary Anne , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Ginzler Ellen , Stoll Thomas , Peschken Christine , Jorizzo Joseph L. , Callen Jeffery P. , Lim Sam , Inanç Murat , Kamen Diane L. , Rahman Anisur , Steinsson Kristjan , Franks Andrew G. , Magder Laurence S.
Published: May 2020

Objective

The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification criteria and the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria are list based, counting each SLE manifestation equally. We derived a classification rule based on giving variable weights to the SLICC criteria and compared its performance to the revised ACR 1997, the unweighted SLICC 2012, and the newly reported European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/ACR 2019 criteria sets.

Methods

The physician‐rated patient scenarios used to develop the SLICC 2012 classification criteria were reemployed to devise a new weighted classification rule using multiple linear regression. The performance of the rule was evaluated on an independent set of expert‐diagnosed patient scenarios and compared to the performance of the previously reported classification rules.

Results

The weighted SLICC criteria and the EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria had less sensitivity but better specificity compared to the list‐based revised ACR 1997 and SLICC 2012 classification criteria. There were no statistically significant differences between any pair of rules with respect to overall agreement with the physician diagnosis.

Conclusion

The 2 new weighted classification rules did not perform better than the existing list‐based rules in terms of overall agreement on a data set originally generated to assess the SLICC criteria. Given the added complexity of summing weights, researchers may prefer the unweighted SLICC criteria. However, the performance of a classification rule will always depend on the populations from which the cases and non‐cases are derived and whether the goal is to prioritize sensitivity or specificity.
Tumor Metabolism‐Engineered Composite Nanoplatforms Potentiate Sonodynamic Therapy via Reshaping Tumor Microenvironment and Facilitating Electron–Hole Pairs’ Separation
Authors: Guan Xin , Yin Hao‐Hao , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Xu Guang , Zhang Yan , Zhou Bang‐Guo , Yue Wen‐Wen , Liu Chang , Sun Li‐Ping , Xu Hui‐Xiong , Zhang Kun
Published: May 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) depletion and low ROS production that result from the intratumoral redox metabolism equilibrium and low energy conversion efficiency from ultrasound mechanical energy to ROS‐represented chemical energy, respectively, are two vital inhibitory factors of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). To address the two concerns, a tumor metabolism‐engineered composite nanoplatform capable of intervening intratumoral ROS metabolism, breaking the redox equilibrium, and reshaping the tumor microenvironment is constructed to reinforce SDT against tumors. In this metabolism‐engineered nanoplatform, Nb2C nanosheets serve as the scaffold to accommodate TiO2 sonosensitizers and l‐buthionine‐sulfoximine. Systematic experiments show that such nanoplatforms can reduce ROS depletion via suppressing glutathione synthesis and simultaneously improving ROS production via the Nb2C‐enhanced production and separation of electron–hole pairs. Contributed by the combined effect, net ROS content can be significantly elevated, which results in the highly efficient anti‐tumor outcomes in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the combined design principles, that is, tumor metabolism modulation for reducing ROS depletion and electron–hole pair separation for facilitating ROS production, can be extended to other ROS‐dependent therapeutic systems.
Biodegradable 131Iodine‐Labeled Microspheres: Potential Transarterial Radioembolization Biomaterial for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Pang Fuwen , Li Yuhao , Zhang Wenjie , Xia Chunchao , He Qing , Li Zhenlin , Xiao Liu , Song Simin , Dong Ping , Zhou Huijun , Shao Tuo , Cai Huawei , Li Lin
Published: May 2020

Transarterial radioembolization with radionuclide‐labeled microspheres is successfully used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but the non‐biodegradability and rapid settlement of the microsphere material are associated with unsatisfied distribution and unable for multiple administrations. In this study, a novel biodegradable chitosan–collagen composite microsphere (CCM) with ideal settlement rate is prepared. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate CCMs have desirable shapes with diameters around 10 µm, and considerable biodegradability within 12 weeks. These CCMs are successfully radiolabeled with 131I and processed efficiency of 70.4 MBq mg−1 of microspheres as well as favorable stability in vitro. Then, 131I‐CCMs are injected into rats with orthotopic HCC via the hepatic artery which effectively improves the median overall survival from 19 to 44 days (p < 0.05). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and immunohistochemical analysis indicate well‐localized biodistribution and consistent stability of 131I‐CCMs in the liver over 28 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross specimens monitoring confirm the inhibited tumor growth after 131I‐CCMs treatment. In conclusion, these biodegradable 131I‐CCMs exhibit optimal radiolabeling efficiency, stability, and favorably radioembolization effect for orthotopic HCC in a rodent model, suggesting potential for interventional cancer therapy.
In Situ Observations of Freestanding Single‐Atom‐Thick Gold Nanoribbons Suspended in Graphene
Authors: Zhao Liang , Ta Huy Q. , Mendes Rafael G. , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Rummeli Mark H.
Published: May 2020

Bulk gold's attributes of relative chemical inertness, rarity, relatively low melting point and its beautiful sheen make it a prized material for humans. Recordings suggest it was the first metal employed by humans dating as far back to the late Paleolithic period ≈40 000 BC. However, at the nanoscale gold is expected to present new and exciting properties, not least in catalysis. Moreover, recent studies suggest a new family of single‐atom‐thick two‐dimensional (2D) metals exist. This work shows single‐atom‐thick freestanding gold membranes and nanoribbons can form as suspended structures in graphene pores. Electron irradiation is shown to lead to changes to the graphene pores which lead to dynamic changes of the gold membranes which transition to a nanoribbon. The freestanding single‐atom‐thick 2D gold structures are relatively stable to electron irradiation for extended periods. The work should advance the development of 2D gold monolayers significantly.
Highly Stable Cross‐Linked Cationic Polyacrylamide/Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanocomposites for Flexible Ammonia‐Recognition Devices
Authors: Zhao Lianjia , Zheng Yiqiang , Wang Kang , Lv Chao , Wei Wei , Wang Lili , Han Wei
Published: May 2020

Although ammonia gas sensor research has been developed for a long time, room temperature flexible ammonia gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity are still hot research topics. 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have combined their versatile surface chemistry and high metal conductivity to show their enormous sensing potential. Herein, developing a room temperature nanocomposite based on 2D MXenes materials and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with high gas response and flexibility targeting the construction of high‐performance ammonia sensors is focused on. Thanks to the hydrogen bond composition, ohmic contact with the interdigitated electrodes, and excellent mechanical properties, the CPAM/Ti3C2Tx‐based ammonia sensors exhibit high ammonia selectivity, faster response–recovery rate (12.7/14.6 s), excellent flexibility, and long‐term mechanical stability at room temperature. The synthesis of the CPAM/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites offers a lasting inspiration for developing high‐performance flexible gas sensors.
Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Liquid and Vapor Interactions Near an Evaporating Interface: A Theoretical Genetics Perspective
Authors: Montazeri Kimia , Hao Shuai , Abdolhosseini Qomi Mohammad Javad , Won Yoonjin
Published: May 2020

Understanding phase transition between the liquid and gaseous states has gained significant interest, and has been ubiquitously observed in many places ranging from natural systems to water–energy nexus and thermal management applications. Phase transition phenomena at liquid–vapor interfaces are greatly governed by intermolecular‐level kinetics, which requires the use of empirical parameters in continuum‐level relations to explain the discrete nature of molecular particles. Despite its significance, it has been a great challenge to find detailed expressions of empirical parameters such as accommodation coefficients, which represent the probabilities for phase transition of liquid or vapor molecules at the interface. Here, direct statistical measurements of accommodation coefficients are reported by tracking the trajectories of liquid and vapor molecules in molecular simulations. The measurements reveal that evaporation and condensation coefficients are different by ≈50%, whereas they have been assumed to be equal in most previous studies. Then, the indirect measurement method is studied from a perspective of theoretical genetics based on the diffusion approximation. A good agreement between two approaches suggests that diffusion approximation can contribute to provide empirical parameters with a cost‐effective method.
Inhibition of Polysulfide Shuttles in Li–S Batteries: Modified Separators and Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Li Shulian , Zhang Weifeng , Zheng Jiafen , Lv Mengyuan , Song Huiyu , Du Li
Published: May 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity. However, their practical applications are seriously hindered by some inevitable disadvantages such as the insulative nature of sulfur and Li2S, volume expansion of the cathode, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, and the growth of lithium dendrites on the anode. Of these, the polysulfide shuttle effect is one of the most critical issues causing the irreversible loss of active materials and rapid capacity degradation of batteries. Herein, modified separators with functional coatings inhibiting the migration of polysulfides are enumerated based on three effects toward polysulfides: the adsorption effect, separation effect, and catalytic effect. To solve the shuttle effect problem, researchers have replaced liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, solid‐state electrolytes for lithium–sulfur batteries are grouped into three categories: inorganic solid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes. Challenges and perspectives regarding the development of an optimized strategy to inhibit the polysulfide shuttle for enhancing cycle stability in lithium–sulfur batteries are also proposed.
Bi‐allelic loss‐of‐function novel variants in LTBP3‐related skeletal dysplasia: Report of first patient from India
Authors: Kaur Ravneet , Siddiqui Ishrat , Mathur Vijay , Jana Manisha , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja
Published: May 2020

Dental anomalies and short stature (DASS) has been recently identified as a distinct entity, associated with bi‐allelic hypomorphic variants in LTBP3 gene. Only 20 individuals from nine families have been previously reported, with a consistent phenotype of short stature, brachyolmia, and amelogenesis imperfecta. We report the first case from India, with novel radiographic and molecular findings in LTBP3 gene, thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DASS.
41,XXY* male mice: An animal model for Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Wistuba Joachim , Beumer Cristin , Brehm Ralph , Gromoll Jörg
Published: May 2020

Klinefelter syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) is the most frequent male chromosomal aneuploidy resulting in a highly heterogeneous clinical phenotype associated with hormonal dysbalance, increased rate of co‐morbidities, and reduced lifespan. Two hallmarks of KS‐affecting testicular functions are consistently observed: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and germ cell (GC) loss resulting in infertility. Although KS is being studied for decades, the underlying mechanisms for the observed pathophysiology are still unclear. Due to ethical restrictions, studies in humans are limited, and consequently, suitable animal models are needed to address the consequences of a supernumerary X chromosome. Mouse strains with comparable aneuploidies have been generated and yielded highly relevant insights into KS. We briefly describe the establishment of the KS mouse models, summarize the knowledge gained by their use, compare findings from the mouse models to those obtained in clinical studies, and also reflect on limitations of the currently used models derived from the B6Ei.Lt‐Y* mouse strain, in which the Y chromosome is altered and its centromere position changed into a more distal location provoking meiotic non‐disjunction. Breeding such as XY* males to XX females, the target 41,XXY*, and 41,XXY males are generated. Here, we summarize features of both models but report in particular findings from our 41,XXY* mice including some novel data on Sertoli cell characteristics.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Glaucocalyxin A
Authors: Guo Jiuzhou , Li Bo , Ma Weihao , Pitchakuntla Mallesham , Jia Yanxing
Published: May 2020

A practically useful method for the formation of the highly oxygenated bicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system through Mn(OAc)3‐mediated radical cyclization of alkynyl ketones was developed, which opens up a new avenue for the total synthesis of a number of highly oxidized diterpenoids. Application of this method enabled the first total synthesis of (−)‐glaucocalyxin A. Other salient features of the synthesis include a highly enantioselective conjugate addition/acylation cascade reaction, a Yamamoto aldol reaction, and an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to assemble the A/B ring system.
A novel magnetic nanocatalyst Fe3O4@PEG–Ni for the green synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Danandeh Asl Aria , Namdar Shadi
Published: May 2020

Ni‐PEG (polyethylene glycol) complex supported on magnetic nanoparticle was created by grafting. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@PEG–Ni was explored through one‐pot green synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones and used as an efficient and recoverable nanocatalyst. FT‐IR, XRD, EDS, BET, TGA, VSM and SEM techniques were employed to specify the nanocatalyst. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst demonstrated acceptable recyclability and could be reused several times with no considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
Investigation of the evolution of damage and permeability of coal containing gas based on acoustic emission characteristics
Authors: Liu Xingguang , Zhou Rui
Published: May 2020

The gas permeability of a coal seam was the main factor determining the efficiency of gas extraction from the mines and was closely related to the coal damages. In this paper, a triaxial compression failure test of the raw coal was carried out in the gas seepage state using the MTS 815 rock mechanics testing system. The damage evolution law of the coal containing gas under triaxial compression was studied based on acoustic emission characteristics. The damage evolution parameters were determined using acoustic emission signals, and the relationship between the permeability and damage evolution of the coal containing gas was quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that the acoustic emission signals could reflect the development of the damage and failure inside the coal, and the turning point of the acoustic emission characteristic curve marked different damage development stages. The periodic changes in the permeability of the coal samples were consistent with the damage change law, and some lag existed in permeability changes compared with damage evolution. The permeability of the coal containing gas saw a stepwise exponential growth with the damage development. The piecewise exponential function better reflected the relationship between the gas permeability and damage variables.
Investigation of the inner structure of gas–liquid flow in airlift pumps by laser‐high speed visualization technology
Authors: Wang Zhineng , Jin Yongping , Huang Fei
Published: May 2020

Experiments were conducted to investigate the inner structure of gas–liquid flow in airlift pumps by a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system and a laser‐high speed photography. The measured central plane of the riser pipe was illustrated by a laser device, and the corresponding gas–liquid flow in this plane was recorded by a high speed camera. The results showed it was the wispy annular flow, rather than the annular flow, dominated the pump performance under a high gas flow rate. This wispy annular had a thick film with a maximal value 0.2 times of pipe diameter, and it kept pump working with a high output liquid flow rate at large gas flow rates. Moreover, new flow regime maps were presented with a function of accurately estimating the flow regime transition and presenting the airlift pump performance.
Contributions of Indonesian Throughflow to eastern Indian Ocean surface variability during ENSO events
Authors: Jin Xiaolin , Wright Jonathon S.
Published: May 2020

The contribution of ocean transport to the transition between the Indian Ocean Dipole mode (IOD) and the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOB) during El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years is investigated using reanalysis products. Composite analysis suggests that the IOD–IOB transition is robust among ENSO years, with variations in the eastern Indian Ocean mixed layer playing a key role. Although this transition has typically been attributed to changes in surface heat flux in the eastern Indian Ocean, our results suggest that approximately one third of the mixed layer temperature tendency during the transition results from anomalous ocean heat transport. Enhanced surface heat flux anomalies and oceanic advection starting from October during El Niño developing years combine to warm the eastern Indian Ocean, promoting the decay of the positive IOD cold tongue and the emergence of a positive IOB pattern. The contribution of ocean advection to the IOD—IOB transition is dominated by the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which accounts for around 70–80% of total ocean advection contribution in the southeastern Indian Ocean (20–25% of the total warming tendency). These variations in ITF heat transport arise in large part from local wind anomalies. Southeasterly wind anomalies along the northeastern edge of an anomalous Indian Ocean anticyclone associated with El Niño intensify surface‐layer heat transport into the Indian Ocean in the ITF outflow region. This change in surface transport contrasts with total ITF transport anomalies during El Niño years, as total transport is dominated by negative subsurface transport anomalies.
Biosynthesis of bioactive tamarixetin in recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Darsandhari Sumangala , Dhakal Dipesh , Shrestha Biplav , Lee Sanghun , Jung Narae , Jung Hye Jin , Sohng Jae Kyung
Published: May 2020

Tamarixetin, a monomethylated derivative of quercetin, has been reported to possess many important biological activities. In the present study, a whole cell biotransformation system was used for regiospecific methylation of quercetin to produce 4′‐O‐methylated quercetin (tamarixetin) using methyltransferase from Streptomyces sp. KCTC 0041BP in Escherichia coli Bl21 (DE3). Its production was enhanced by adding a plasmid containing S‐adenosine‐l‐methionine (SAM) synthase from E. coli K12 (MetK) with subsequent feeding of l‐methionine and glycerol in the culture. The best condition produced ∼279 μM (88.2 mg/L) of tamarixetin. The biological activity of tamarixetin was tested and compared with quercetin, 7‐O‐methylated quercetin, and 3‐O‐methylated quercetin. Results showed that the growth of all tested cancer cell lines (AGS, B16F10, C6, and HeLa) were inhibited by tamarixetin more effectively than other methylated derivatives of quercetin or quercetin. Tamarixetin also exhibited the best antimelanogenic activity among all compounds tested.
Paternal exposure to recreational drugs before conception and its effect on live‐born offspring: A scoping review
Authors: Verstegen Ruud H.J. , Wang Guo , Langenberg‐Ververgaert Karin P.S. , Ren Lily Yuxi , Nulman Irena
Published: May 2020

Background

Men of reproductive age increasingly use recreational drugs. While many of these substances may reduce the quantity and quality of sperm, less is known about the effects of these exposures on their offspring. We performed a scoping review to summarize the available literature and identify areas for future research on the outcome of live‐born offspring of fathers who were exposed to recreational drugs before conception.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted of the Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, which included keywords for the following substances: cannabis‐related products, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, ecstasy and amphetamines. In total, 2,983 records were screened, and 129 publications were selected for full‐text assessment. Publications were included if (a) the timing of exposure included the preconceptional period, and (b) if outcomes in live‐born offspring were compared with an unexposed group.

Results

We included 30 publications, of which 15 animal studies and 15 human studies. Animal studies showed neurocognitive abnormalities, in particular in male offspring. Interestingly, these outcomes depend significantly on the method of exposure (i.e., fixed‐dose administration vs. variable self‐administration, which mimics addiction). Human studies were limited to specific congenital malformations and childhood cancers, which showed small increased odds ratios.

Conclusions

While animal studies describe impaired neurocognitive outcomes following paternal exposure to recreational drugs, data in humans is currently lacking. Human studies require sound methodology in order to confirm findings on congenital malformations and childhood cancers. In addition, future neurocognitive studies require parental neurocognitive assessments to correct for confounding effects (i.e., role of genetics).
Variations in maternal vitamin A intake modifies phenotypes in a mouse model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Yitsege Gelila , Stokes Bethany A. , Sabatino Julia A. , Sugrue Kelsey F. , Banyai Gabor , Paronett Elizabeth M. , Karpinski Beverly A. , Maynard Thomas M. , LaMantia Anthony‐S. , Zohn Irene E.
Published: May 2020

Background

Vitamin A regulates patterning of the pharyngeal arches, cranial nerves, and hindbrain that are essential for feeding and swallowing. In the LgDel mouse model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), morphogenesis of multiple structures involved in feeding and swallowing are dysmorphic. We asked whether changes in maternal dietary Vitamin A intake can modify cranial nerve, hindbrain and pharyngeal arch artery development in the embryo as well as lung pathology that can be a sign of aspiration dysphagia in LgDel pups.

Methods

Three defined amounts of vitamin A (4, 10, and 16 IU/g) were provided in the maternal diet. Cranial nerve, hindbrain and pharyngeal arch artery development was evaluated in embryos and inflammation in the lungs of pups to determine the impact of altering maternal diet on these phenotypes.

Results

Reduced maternal vitamin A intake improved whereas increased intake exacerbated lung inflammation in LgDel pups. These changes were accompanied by increased incidence and/or severity of pharyngeal arch artery and cranial nerve V (CN V) abnormalities in LgDel embryos as well as altered expression of Cyp26b1 in the hindbrain.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrate that variations in maternal vitamin A intake can influence the incidence and severity of phenotypes in a mouse model 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder clinical trial for percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in patients ≥700 grams
Authors: Sathanandam Shyam K. , Gutfinger Dan , O'Brien Laura , Forbes Thomas J. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Berman Darren P. , Armstrong Aimee K. , Shahanavaz Shabana , Jones Thomas K. , Morray Brian H. , Rockefeller Toby A. , Justino Henri , Nykanen David G. , Zahn Evan M.
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Characterize the safety and effectiveness of the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure.

Background

The presence of a hemodynamically significant PDA has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in children born premature.

Methods

This was a single arm, prospective, multicenter, non‐randomized study to evaluate the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder to treat PDA in patients ≥700 g. From June 2017 to February 2019, 200 patients were enrolled at nine centers, with 100 patients weighing ≤2 kg. Primary effectiveness endpoint was the rate of PDA closure at 6‐month follow‐up. Primary safety endpoint was the rate of major complications through 6 months. Secondary endpoint was rate of significant pulmonary or aortic obstruction through 6 months' follow‐up.

Results

The implant success rate was 95.5% (191/200) overall and 99% in patients ≤2 kg (99/100). The primary effectiveness endpoint was achieved in 99.4% of implanted patients. Four patients experienced a primary safety endpoint event (2 transfusions, 1 hemolysis, and 1 aortic obstruction). There were no branch pulmonary artery obstructions. Five patients, all ≤2 kg, were noted to have worsening of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after the procedure. None of the TR incidences manifested clinically. The Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder received FDA approval in January 2019 and became the first device approved for PDA closure in patients ≥700 g.

Conclusions

This study supports the safety and effectiveness of the Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder, particularly in patients between 700 g and 2 kg where there is currently a significant unmet need in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03055858.
Liquid‐phase Hydrodeoxygenation of 4‐Propylphenol to Propylbenzene: Reducible Supports for Pt Catalysts
Authors: Mäkelä Eveliina , González Escobedo José Luis , Neuvonen Jouni , Lahtinen Jouko , Lindblad Marina , Lassi Ulla , Karinen Reetta , Puurunen Riikka L.
Published: May 2020

Pyrolysis and liquefaction biocrudes obtained from lignocellulose are rich in phenolic compounds that can be converted to renewable aromatics. In this study, Pt catalysts on reducible metal oxide supports (Nb2O5, TiO2), along with irreducible ZrO2 as a reference, were investigated in the liquid‐phase hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 4‐propylphenol (350 °C, 20 bar H2, organic solvent). The most active catalyst was Pt/Nb2O5, which led to the molar propylbenzene selectivity of 77 %, and a yield of 75 % (98 % conversion). Reducible metal oxide supports provided an increased activity and selectivity to the aromatic product compared to ZrO2, and the obtained results are among the best reported in liquid‐phase. The reusability of the spent catalysts was also studied. The spent Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst provided the lowest conversion, while the product distribution of the spent Pt/ZrO2 catalyst changed towards oxygenates. The results highlight the potential of pyrolysis or liquefaction biocrudes as a source of aromatic chemicals.
Intrazeolite CO Methanation by Small Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes: Translation from Free Clusters into the Cage
Authors: Mravak Antonija , Krstić Marjan , Lang Sandra M. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta
Published: May 2020

Catalytic CO methanation represents an important reaction to improve the feed gas quality for hydrogen fuel cells. Previously, the large potential of small bare and ligated ruthenium clusters as highly selective and active catalysts has been shown by employing gas phase clusters as model systems. Now, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to demonstrate the possibility to translate the gas phase CO methanation reaction mediated by a ligated Ru4(CO)13H2+ complex into the framework of a ZSM‐5 zeolite. Such a translation, manifested by a reaction pathway which is mechanistically and energetically similar to the gas phase analogue, is possible since the zeolite framework does not influence the reactive center. Furthermore, we reveal the important role of the CO ligand environment in protecting the Ru4+ metal core from formation of bonds with the zeolite and in the creation of the reactive center by promoting the cooperatively enhanced adsorption and dissociation of H2.
Disclosure of eco‐innovation activities in European large companies' sustainability reporting
Authors: Vieira António Pedro , Radonjič Gregor
Published: May 2020

This study examines how eco‐innovations activities are disclosed within sustainability reporting of European large companies and provides one of the first studies on the intersection of both fields. To achieve such goal, the research was carried out based on the qualitative content analysis of the sustainability reports of the European companies selected on their ranking of research and development expenditure and Dow Jones Sustainability Index. We investigated if and how eco‐innovations activities were contemplated and communicated. The findings show a generalized lack of direct reference to the term eco‐innovation. Analysis of the reports showed that companies disclosed information on different types of eco‐innovation, albeit not referring to them explicitly as eco‐innovations. Benefits of using eco‐innovation mentioning in sustainable reports are also discussed and guidelines are given how to report on eco‐innovation in such documents.
Interplay between body schema, visuospatial perception and pain in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Osinski Thomas , Martinez Valeria , Bensmail Djamel , Hatem Samar , Bouhassira Didier
Published: May 2020

Background

Changes in body representations (body image and/or body schema) have been reported in several chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes, but rarely in patients with neuropathic pain and never in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI)‐related pain.

Methods

We used implicit motor imagery (the laterality judgement task and visuospatial body perception tests) in 56 patients with thoracic SCI with (n = 32) or without (n = 24) pain below the level of the injury, and in a group of matched healthy controls (n = 37). We compared the participants' reaction time and the accuracy with which they identified the laterality of hands and feet presented in various orientations. Visuospatial body perception was assessed with a series of tests referred to as the 'horizontal subjective body midline', and the umbilicus‐reaching task (URT), in which participants were asked to estimate the location of the umbilicus under different experimental conditions.

Results

Both groups of patients had longer reaction times for the identification of laterality for the feet than for the hands, but with no difference in accuracy. This longer reaction time was not correlated with spinal lesion severity, but was directly related to both average pain intensity and specific neuropathic pain components. The URT was affected in both groups of patients, with no effect of pain intensity. By contrast, the horizontal subjective body midline task was unaffected.

Conclusion

These results suggest an interplay between lower body scheme distortions and pain in patients with SCI.

Significance

Spinal cord injury is associated with alterations of lower body scheme as assessed with the laterality judgement task, which are directly related to pain intensity in patients with below‐level neuropathic pain.
Metal–organic framework assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion microextraction of saponins using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Nan , Wang Yue , Liu Xungao , Wang Shuling , Cao Jun
Published: May 2020

An efficient and simple metal–organic framework (MOF) assisted matrix solid‐phase dispersion (MSPD) microextraction was developed for the extraction of the five saponins in P. ginseng leaves. The target analyses were detected by ultra high performance chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight MS. Experimental conditions for MSPD microextraction were optimized by the Box–Behnken design of the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were as follows: 20 mg adsorbent, 80% methanol–water solution for elution, 60 s grinding time, and the MOF‐808 as the adsorbent. With the final optimized method, the calibration curves for five saponins showed good linearity (R2 > 0.998) within range of 0.01–100 μg/mL. In addition, analytical recoveries ranged from 87.04 to 103.78%, with the RSD below 5%. The limit of detection and LOQ range from 0.087 to 0.114 μg/mL and 0.292 to 0.379 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with the traditional extraction method and published methods, the newly MOF‐assisted MSPD extract exhibited higher extraction efficiency, simpler operation, and provided a cleaner extract with low consumption of organic reagents that was applied for rapid evaluation and quality control of active compounds from plants.
Optimal Utilization of Natural Gas in Processing Clusters with Reduced CO2 Emissions through Material and Energy Integration
Authors: Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M. , Linke Patrick
Published: May 2020

Different options exist for the utilization of natural gas either as fuel or as natural gas conversion into value‐added products. Even though natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel, its use generates CO2 emissions. This challenges the industry to achieve carbon emission reduction targets without compromising profitability. Herein, an optimization approach is presented to simultaneously consider natural gas distribution to plants together with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) options, while also taking into account energy integration options to achieve synergies across alternative CO2‐integrated natural gas utilization paths. The approach combines natural gas with a CCUS network synthesis model. It incorporates a utility system model, which is optimized to identify the most profitable natural gas use in an industrial cluster that meets a given overall emissions constraint for the cluster. The approach aims to benefit engineers charged with the holistic planning of future profitable, low‐emission industrial clusters. The approach is illustrated with an example that considers an industrial cluster with typical natural gas conversion industrial plants, common infrastructure, and CCUS options.
Thermal energy storage properties and lab‐scale thermal performance in cementitious plaster of composite phase change material for energy efficiency of buildings
Authors: Sarı Ahmet , Tyagi Vineet Veer
Published: May 2020

This study was aimed to achieve a form‐stable composite PCM (FS‐CPCM) by incorporating the eutectic mixture of octadecane (OD) and eicosane (EC) with pumice and also investigate thermo‐regulation performance of its cementitious plaster form in lab‐scale cubic unit. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis results proved the existence of good physicochemical compatibility among the components of FS‐CPCM. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis results revealed that the FS‐CPCM had phase change temperature of about 22°C and latent heat of capacity of about 77–78 J/g, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal cycling findings demonstrated that it had excellent thermal durability and cycling reliability. Lab‐scale thermal performance of a cubic design plastered with FS‐PCM/cement mortar was also evaluated experimentally. The results showed that the plaster including FS‐CPCM had function of maintaining the interior temperature at comfortable range for a considerable long time.
Approach and avoidance bias for thin‐ideal and normal‐weight body shapes in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brockmeyer Timo , Burdenski Kathrin , Anderle Alisa , Voges Mona M. , Vocks Silja , Schmidt Hagen , Wünsch‐Leiteritz Wally , Leiteritz Andreas , Friederich Hans‐Christoph
Published: May 2020

Objective

The two studies aimed to examine implicit affective evaluations of thin‐ideal and normal‐weight body shapes in women with anorexia nervosa (AN), taking identification with body shapes into account.

Method

In study 1, approach–avoidance bias for thin‐ideal and normal‐weight bodies was assessed in 40 women with AN and 40 healthy women by using an Approach‐Avoidance Task and female avatar bodies with a standard face as stimuli. In study 2, 39 women with AN and 38 healthy women underwent a similar task but identification with bodies was manipulated by presenting bodies once with the participant's own face and once with another woman's face.

Results

In study 1, patients with AN did not differ from healthy participants in their automatic approach–avoidance tendencies towards thin‐ideal and normal‐weight bodies. In study 2, no definite approach bias for a thin self and no avoidance bias for thin other women or for a normal‐weight self were found. However, as compared to healthy women, those with AN showed a less positive implicit evaluation of thin other women, and an implicit preference for thin bodies depicted as themselves over thin bodies depicted as another woman.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that intra‐sexual competition for being slim is increased in AN.
Effect of three kinds of natural preservative cocktails on vacuum‐packed chilled pork
Authors: Li Chen , Han Yuhang , Fan Sanhong , Ma Lizhen , Zhang Yi , Simpson Benjamin Kofi
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different natural preservatives on the microbial profile, the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), and biogenic amine contents of vacuum‐packed chilled pork during storage at 4°C. Solution A comprised of tea polyphenols, chitosan, spice extract, propolis, and nisin. Solution B comprised of clove extract, cassia bark extract, ginger juice, garlic juice, and lactobacillus fermentation solution. Solution C consisted of only lactobacillus fermentation solution. The results indicated that solution A was a good natural preservative with higher bacteria inhibitory effect and higher sensory score than B and C. Besides the effect on appealing color, solution B could inhibit microbial activity although its inhibition effect was not as good as solution A. Thus, solution A could be used as a good preservative in industry. Solution C could inhibit the initial growth of Pseudomonas and partially inhibited the growth of Enterobacteriaceae; however, the content of putrescine in the pork treated with solution C was as high as 30.14 ± 2.89 mg/kg after 21 days of storage at 4°C. Hence, solution C is not an ideal preservative for vacuum‐packed chilled pork.
Health risks from consumption of medicinal plant dietary supplements
Authors: Ćwieląg‐Drabek Małgorzata , Piekut Agata , Szymala Iwona , Oleksiuk Klaudia , Razzaghi Mehdi , Osmala Weronika , Jabłońska Konstancja , Dziubanek Grzegorz
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal contents of dietary supplements manufactured from medicinal plants and assess the potential daily burden on their consumers. The study consisted of 41 dietary supplements produced from terrestrial plants or microalgae. The analysis of cadmium, lead, and mercury content was performed using analytical methods. The content of Cd and Pb was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mercury content was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with the generation of cold mercury vapor (CVAAS). The presence of at least one of the three analyzed heavy metals was found in 79.2% samples of supplements produced from terrestrial plants and in 88.2% supplement samples produced from microalgae. Hazard quotient was used to calculate noncarcinogenic risk for humans by ingestion of dietary supplements containing heavy metals. From among all supplements, 68.3% of samples were contaminated with Cd and Pb (this does not always apply to the same samples) and 29.3% of samples were contaminated with Hg. The health risk assessment of consumers of dietary supplements showed, in an extreme case, that taking this supplement for only one week poses a health risk associated with exposure to Pb. The health risk associated with the intake of dietary supplements primarily depends on the duration of consumption.