bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap: How the Generations Communicate
Authors: Downs Hannah
Published: November 2021

This study examines intergenerational communication and perception. Using the Anxiety/Uncertainty Management theory and statistical analysis, the following research questions are examined: RQ1: What is the main cause for the generational disconnect between Baby Boomers and Millennials? RQ2: How do the different generations believe they are perceived by the others? Faculty and staff at a private, religious institution in the Midwest, employees of a manufacturing company, and participants from a social media site took an online survey with questions regarding preferred communication methods, ease of communicating with other generations, and self-perception within the generational title they associate most with. The study ultimately found that overall, it is not that generations inherently perceive each other negatively, but that generations believe they will be perceived negatively by others and act accordingly.
How Do Violent News Stories Affect Viewers?
Authors: Faison Chris , Prochno Michael , al-Abdullah Hussain , Almadoug Salman
Published: November 2021

Television news broadcasts have been airing since the mid-1930s, and has since then, implemented itself into viewer’s everyday lives. In the 1980s, Cable News Network, or CNN, introduced the 24-hour news cycle. Because of this, there was a sharp increase of violent news being reported. In this study, the researchers chose to study both the emotional and physical reactions to the violent news media. Specifically, the researchers explored the possibility that too much violence could affect their mental and physical health. Participants from this study hailed from a faith-based institution of higher learning in an urban area of the Midwestern United States. The study found that there is a relationship between the violence in news media and mental and physical effects of the body.
Effect of Lowered pH on Community Composition, Growth and Cell Morphology of Freshwater Phytoplankton
Authors: CHAKRABORTY SHASWATI , AFROZ MAHIN , HOSSEN RIYAD
Published: November 2021

This experiment studied the probable effects of lowered pH (6.5 to 5.0) on four freshwater phytoplankton species Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck, Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Brebbison, Euglena granulata (Klebs) Schmitz and Gomphonema subtile Ehrenberg. The initial community composition was 2:2:1:1 for the four taxa respectively, which changed to 1.7:1.6:1:1 in pH 6.0, 1.6:2:1.6:1 in pH 5.5 and 1.2:2:1.8:1 in pH 5.0. The two chlorophytes showed almost gradual decreasing in growth rates and cell densities with the decreases in pH values, while diatom E. granulata showed more tolerance in a wide range of pH (6.5 to 5.5). Conspicuous changes in total biomass first observed in pH 6.0 and it reached the drastic level in pH 5.0. Moreover, significant changes in cell size of S. qaudricuada and E. granulata were found in pH 5.0 only. This lowered pH range has no effects on cell shape of the studied phytoplankton species.
Responses of Freshwater Zooplankton as Biological Indicators to the Aquatic Chemical Properties
Authors: BARI JABER BIN ABDUL , ISLAM MD. SAIFUL , NISA SANJIDA AKTER , TISHA NAZNIN AKTER , MASHKOVA IRINA , KHAN NAJMUS SAKIB
Published: November 2021

Zooplankton are found very sensitive to even slight aquatic pollution due to a number of chemical imbalances in freshwater bodies. As an amazing tiny creature zooplankton play a very crucial role in the aquatic food chain by transferring energy from primary levels to tertiary organisms. For many years it has been well established that zooplankton act as promising biological indicators to continuously fluctuating aquatic environments and subsequently to global warming. While reacting to these aquatic environmental fluctu-ations, zooplankton population growth can either be stimulated or inhibited. The presence or absence of particular zooplankton species can reveal the trophic status of the water body. Moreover, in a harsh env-ironment, algal toxins may have drastic effects on the behavioral characteristics of zooplankton.
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Different Water Reservoirs of Barishal City, Bangladesh
Authors: HASAN MD. MAHADIY , LASKAR MD. ASHIKUR RAHMAN , ISLAM TAHIDUL , SULTANA TANIA
Published: November 2021

There are many man-made water reservoirs found in Barishal City. This study was aimed to assess the existing condition of physico-chemical properties of four different water reservoirs, namely Bibir Pukur (pond), Amtala Lake, Choumatha Lake and City Corporation Pond of Barishal City of Bangladesh. To evaluate the physico-chemical properties, the average of the parameters such as water temperature, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity (EC), pH, salinity, as well as depth, color, and transparency of water were analyzed. The highest average water temperature was found in the City Corporation Pond, which determined as 31.77±0.09 °C. Electric conductivity (ms/cm) and total dissolved solids (ppm) of Amtala Lake were 0.413 ±0.009 and 199±1.15. The highest average pH 7.88±0.01 and lowest salinity 140±1.73 were found in City Corporation Pond and Choumatha Lake respectively. The water depth of Bibir Pukur was 260.33± 13.98 cm which is the highest among the four water reservoirs. The highest values of dissolved oxygen and phosphate were 2.03±0.12 mg/l and 294.12±3.92 μg/l.
A Mini Review on Microalgae Biomass Production: Recent Progress in Cultivation Systems
Authors: RASEL ISMAIL , KARIM SAYDUL
Published: November 2021

Single-celled photosynthetic microscopic algae (microalgae) have numerous significances for human wellbeing. From medicine to fuel industry these tiny organisms have tremendous potentials and in future they would be game changer to mitigate global warming and environmental pollutions. The current production cost is a matter of consideration during its applications. Scientists all over the world are trying to reduce the production costs as well as to develop new or improve the existing culturing methodologies and techniques. Open pond and closed pond (PBRs) culturing system are two most prominent ways to culture microalgae. Open pond culturing techniques for microalgae have several advantages over closed pond system such as low operational costs and easy to make. However, the main drawback of this system is contamination by other microorganisms, which is possible to control in closed pond system. Among the many types of PBRs systems, the advanced tubular PBRs presently considered as more useful than open pond culture system. To meet the minimum production costs, more research is needed on both the culturing systems.
Temperature Effect on Seed Germination Performance of a Local Variety of Onion in Bangladesh
Authors: KHATUN IRANI , HOSSEN RIYAD
Published: November 2021

Seed germination performance test of Taherpuri onion (a local variety of onion) under six different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) was the main goal of this experiment. Germination percentage (GP) was calculated at highest 60.25% at 25°C, and the highest germination rate 20.08 was observed in the same temperature condition. The lowest germination performance (13.25 % germi-nation and 3.32 seeds per day as germination rate) was found at 40°C temperature. Finally, the authors mentioned the temperature 20 to 30°C as optimum range, and suggested the temperature 25°C as best suited for obtaining highest results in case of both germination percentage and germination rate of these seeds. To produce maximum seedlings of the local variety of onion, the mentioned temperature should be followed by the local farmers.
A General Approach Students’ Attitude towards to Virtual Reality Technology in Distance Education Environment
Authors:   Faculty of Commerce & Business Administration, Helwan University, Egypt, Abdelsalam Mohamed
Published: November 2021

E-learning has become a prominent and effective role in recent years. The factor of place and time became ineffective in the educational process. So that anyone can learn anywhere in the world. The educational services that benefit the learner during the educational process as well as the factors of assistance are important elements that help in the success of the educational process in the environment of e-learning. The more these services, the greater the benefit from e-learning. But its way of reviewing electronic content is still ineffective. Therefore it was necessary to create a suitable environment for the learner is similar to the real reality. Through which the learner feels the integration and concentration in the academic content as if it were realistic. So, the trend was to take advantage of the virtual reality technology that have become effective in all fields. The use of this technology will help the learner gain more realism and make full use of the electronic content. This study reviews the effect of the use of virtual reality technology in the review of the learner's electronic content, as well as the attitudes and opinions of the students of the Business Information Systems program at the Faculty of Commerce, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, about the use of this technology and to what extent will effect on change and effectiveness in the quality of educational process
Adaptive Concept Map Approach for Software Requirements Validation
Authors:   Faculty of computers and information, Helwan University, Egypt, Ahmed Ahmed A. , Khedr Ayman E. ,   Faculty of computers and information, Helwan University, Egypt, Kholeif Sherif A. ,   Faculty of computers and information, Helwan University, Egypt
Published: November 2021

Requirements validation is one of the most significant and critical parts of the requirements engineering. This activity ensures that the set of requirements is accurate, right, complete, and consistent. Requirements validation is considered as the key activity because mistakes found in a software requirements document can lead to extensive rework costs when they are discovered either during development or after the system is in service. There are some commonly used bases to validate user requirements such as: Natural language, Design description languages, Graphical notations and Mathematical specification languages. Whereas the graphical notations are the most suitable means to be used in software requirements validation because it is easy to understand, and it can be easily created by analyst and time took. Therefore, this paper adopts the map concept which is a graphical technique for discovering the hidden flaws in software requirements in the early phases of software development lifecycle.
Intelligent Technique for Automating the Conversion between Major and Minor Melodies
Authors:   Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Siphocly Nermin Naguib J. , El-Horbaty El-Sayed M. ,   Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Salem Abdel-Badeeh M. ,   Faculty of Computer & Information Sciences Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, computers are extremely beneficial to music composers. Computer music generation tools are developed for aiding composers in producing satisfying musical pieces. The automation of music composition tasks is a challenging research point, specially to the field of Artificial Intelligence. Converting melodies that are played on a major scale to minor (or vice versa) is interesting to both composers and music listeners. Newly converted melodies of famous songs, either from major to minor or the opposite, are becoming blockbusters on the social media. In this paper we propose an intelligent method for automating the conversion between major and minor melodies using Artificial Intelligence techniques. We run our experiments on melodies in the MIDI format which is a standard music format enabling the communication between computers and various musical devices. We also propose a smart method for musical scale detection for the input melodies. Scale detection is a critical step for correctly converting between major and minor melodies. Additionally, this step is also important as a pre-processing step in various other music retrieval or transformation applications.
Styles and Trends in The Development of The Theatrical Poster
Authors:   ", Drumeva Krasimira ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The art of the theatrical poster goes through its genesis of growth and cataclysm, rise and fall, admirations and rejections. It is inextricably related to all conventions and style searches. It combines both fine as well as applied arts in a symbiosis in order to extract the most synthetic and understandable artistic image. Due to this feature the poster is interpreted as a contemporary form of artistic manifestation. ‘Contemporary’ because the peculiarities of the genre place it always in the street, in public buildings and wherever the flow of people is large. In this context, from its very occurrence, it considers itself an integral part of visual communication in the urban environment. It is both created and exists not only to express a particular theatrical performance, but also to interpret the spirit and messages of its time. The artist uses a wide range of means of expression in order to attract the attention of the audience and to reveal in the most synthesized form the plot of the stage work. It is characterized by synthetic, artistic and dramatic expression. The same has powerful means of communication and thus it should be used for valuable purposes. The aim of the artists of today is step by step to rehabilitate the positions of the poster as a means of visual communication. The free-minded works in the genre are enriched with a message, emotion and uniqueness. Its expressive power is charged with the mission to aesthetize the urban environment in order to raise the mass culture to a better level.
Planning Telecommunications Infrastructure in Kosovo through Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors:   Kadri Zeka Public University, Gjilan, Kosovo, Dermaku Kastriot , Hoti Ilir Gashi Liridon , Klaiqi Selami ,   University of Library Studies and Information Technologies, Sofia, Bulgaria,   St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, we know how important it is for a country to have a good telecom infrastructure, including Kosovo. The purpose of this paper is to plan the telecommunications infrastructure based on the geographic information provided by GIS. By using these systems, we can draw analyses and conclusions on the possibility of planning the extension of this infrastructure in the future, consequently conveying ideas to different sectors of development or for using telecommunications infrastructure. The data by which the scenarios of this study have been drafted, are real and generated in Prishtina. They are employed to illustrate the use and techniques of GIS.
Perspectives on Migrant Homelessness in Salman Rushdie’s Novel The Satanic Verses
Authors:   ", Tsoneva Petya ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore a territory that is widely contested in colonial and postcolonial studies. Home appears with particular intensity in the literary and critical narratives of empire, while postcolonial writers appropriate it as a site of contestation and rewriting. Although home is a standard topos in postcolonial research, my study focuses on a particular authorial position that reveals enticing new perspectives on the ways in which the domestic is both inscribed and subverted in the rhetoric of migration.
The Viber Application and its Use by Elementary School Students for Forming Key Competences in Mathematics
Authors:   “St. Partriarch Euthymius”, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Papazova-Antonova Diana
Published: November 2021

Technology is changing our lives and our way of learning. Contemporary teaching is subject to high standards – to train people who think and have universal learning and problem-solving skills. Mastering key competences is impossible without integrating information and communication technologies. The Viber app is the affordable way to connect education in maths to students’ interests and needs for information technology.
Abolitionism and the Back-to-Africa Movement in Britain: The Sierra Leone Experiment
Authors:   ", Atanasov Pavlin ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on the settlement of freed black slaves from England and Nova Scotia in Sierra Leone. As the eighteenth century drew to a close, plans were made for the “repatriation” of impoverished migrants of African descent to their “ancestral” land. Such plans were contextually defined by the abolitionist movement in Britain. Abolitionism gained exceptional momentum in the country that played a leading part in the transatlantic slave trade at that time. The movement aimed to end both the slave trade and slavery. The article investigates the activities of the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor and especially the role of the prominent British philanthropist and abolitionist Granville Sharp (1735–1813), who made significant efforts to bring the “repatriation” plans to fruition. I argue that the Sierra Leone project was an ambivalent experiment, which should be interpreted in the light of both humanitarian compassion and imperial interests: if, at first, it was premised upon idealism and religious fervour, the desire to set foot in west Africa and to set up a colony there subsequently prevailed. For some Britons, sending impoverished free blacks to distant shores was also an opportunity to expel them from their own “white” society. In this sense, the “repatriation” of Africans was most likely to occur in the form of deportation, a form that suggests the restrictive regime of penal colonies, such as Australia.
Computer Modeling of Underwater Communication Channel
Authors:   ", Andonov Alexander ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

On the basis of the latest developments, an improved model of underwater communication channel is presented. A set of programs to allow calculation of the basic parameters of the channel over a wide range of parameters has been created. Mathematical models for calculating the spreading factor are developed. A process of creating the model is reviewed, so that the resulting model should become easily expandable. Userfriendly information-transfer interface is set between the programs and input and output data files.
Banksy – Creator, Rebel and Provocator
Authors:   ", Atanasova-Petrova Eleonora ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

Banksy is an anonymous England-based street artist, vandal, political activist, and film director, active since the 1990s. His satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique. His works of political and social commentary have been featured on streets, walls, and bridges of cities throughout the world.Over the last few years, Banksy‘s name has become increasingly popular, especially through his recent, highly provocative works and appearances. In 2018, at Sotheby‘s Auction House, his famous work „The Girl with the Balloon“ was auctioned at $ 1.4 million. As the lead auctioneer‘s hammer hit, a beeping sound caught everyone‘s attention to Banksy‘s work, which slowly began to slide down and shredded narrow long strips in front of the astonished glances of onlookers. The scandal has aroused great public interest. On the next day, Banksy posted on Picasso a social media quote – „The urge to destroy is also a creative urge“. A few days later, the owner of the shredded work exhibited it in the museum, already renamed „Love is in the Bin.“ The work is currently worth twice as much in its present form, as a concept contemporary work, of its original value. Who is Banksy – a rebel art creator or just a provocateur with quality PR?
Prehistoric Models for Representing the Female Form
Authors:   ", Stoyanova Veselina ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

In our modern age, there are an enormous amount of forms of depiction of the female figure that have been accumulated on the basis of thousands of years of artistic experience. To make a general analysis on the all available depiction models and to put them in order would be an extremely difficult task because of the huge volume of material. Instead of using the present as a starting point we will return to the very beginning to consider the question of the first artistic manifestations of humanity and its “purest“ understanding of the Female. Our purpose is to trace which combinations of forms makes up the notion of a female figure in a period when one relies solely on subjective sensation and a primary understanding of the world and nature. Following the approach from the general to the specific, according to the appearance of the female figures we can distinguish characteristic groups with different combinations of proportions and sizes in the ratio of head, torso, hips, and legs. Each figure individually recreates the idea of the female gender, but there are enough repetitions to bring out a few basic models.
Extrinsic and Intrinsic for online Classroom
Authors: Gulatee Yuwanuch , Combes Babara , Yoosabai Yuwadee , Jaerasukon Piyaphisak
Published: November 2021

The objectives of this research are 1) to examine how Thai youth in tertiary education feel about extrinsic and intrinsic rewards when studying online.2) to explore any similarities and differences between the two techniques. 3) to determine how students felt about the reward system used in this class. The samples in this research are 37 students. They are all the students who study in an online classroom for the whole semester during the COVID19 global pandemic (2019-2021).The questionnaire and the interview instruments were designed to clarify participants’ attitude and used a five point Likert scales and the entire reliability value is 0.80. The statistics used for data analysis were included descriptive statistics; and proportion and percentage, and inferential statistics such as multiple regression and Chi-square- test. The result disclose as follows : 1) The students showed that all of the four dimensions of this variables test of which one variables is extrinsic, have significant, positive relationships with satisfaction (r = .690, p < 0.01). 2) The results indicate that extrinsic and intrinsic variables had a negative effect on satisfaction (b = .051, p > 0.01), (b = .252, p > 0.01).3) the results indicate that Feelings had a positive effect on satisfaction (β = .638, p < 0.01) and could predict satisfaction variables by 56.1 percent (adjusted R2  = 0.561), and extrinsic and intrinsic variables had a negative effect on satisfaction (p > 0.01).
Graphic Design Students’ Perspectives and Job Anxiety About Distance Education in the Pandemic Period
Authors: Kanat Sevtap
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus emerging in China has rapidly become a global epidemic. Many sanctions come to the fore to prevent the spread of the epidemic. One of them is that people stay at home and do not leave the house unless it is necessary. This necessity has affected the education system as in all areas of life. Universities have switched to the distance education system. Unfortunately, many universities do not have sufficient infrastructure or resources to facilitate instantly effective online teaching. In this study, it was aimed to determine the problems faced by the graphic design department students during the distance education process conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic period, their opinions on distance education and their job anxiety levels. This study is important in terms of determining the level of job anxiety faced by graphic designer candidates during their education, taking necessary precautions, supporting them in eliminating these concerns, raising their awareness on the subject and making determinations to reduce job anxiety. It is important to know the thoughts of students towards distance education especially during the pandemic period in order to increase the quality of education. The sample of the research consists of students studying in the field of graphic design in the 2020-2021 academic year in Turkey. The stratified sampling method was used in sample selection. Distance Education Attitude Scale and Job Anxiety Scale were used in the study. The sampling was carried out with the voluntary participation. Research data were collected from Google Forms through a questionnaire consists of personal information and the scales. SPSS 21 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical software was used for data analysis. The relationship between job anxiety level and distance education satisfaction level is seen that there is almost zero and statistically insignificant. The anxiety score for this group of students is above the average and reasons should be analyze in great detail. On the other hand, distance education attitude score is below the average. The reasons would be related to being unprepared to this period. The most important factor in the occurrence of this situation is being caught unprepared for this process. While job anxiety differed in the level of satisfaction with the program, the distance education attitude differed in the education level of the mother, the education level of the father, grades and the level of satisfaction with the program. Although the relationship between the two scales was not significant in the study, it was observed that the distance education limitation factor was in a negative but weak and significant relationship between all factors of the job anxiety scale.
The Relationship Between Longevity and a Leader’s Emotional Intelligence and Resilience
Authors: Allen Erica L.
Published: November 2021

The role of an educational leader is complex, challenging and, at times, fraught with adversity. Overcoming the many challenges and hardships, and flourishing as an educational leader, requires resilience and an instinct for survival. According to Maulding, Leonard, Peters, Roberts and Sparkman (2012), understanding how to prevail in the face of difficult conditions, by employing one’s emotional strengths as well as vulnerabilities and how to increase one’s ability to remain resilient, is valuable for an educational leader to succeed in the face of adversity. The purpose of this study was to research Montana educational leaders to discern whether emotional intelligence (EI) is necessary to remain resilient and successful in a leadership role despite adversity. This quantitative research was undertaken as a non-experimental, ex post facto, or after-the-fact research. Participants for this study included sixty-one superintendents, principals, and assistant principals, from a population of 935 educational leaders, who held a leadership position in the State of Montana during the 2017-2018 school year. A linear regression was used to examine the proportion of variance in years in a leadership position that can be explained by emotional intelligence and resilience. This analysis demonstrated that some EI competencies appear to have an effect on the longevity of an educational leader in a position. However, the effects vary between assistant principals, principals, and superintendents, not all competencies were equal. The coefficient of determination showed assistant principals and principals’ years of service is more strongly influenced by all emotional intelligence competencies than is that of the superintendent.
The Relationship between Bond Strength and Critical Penetration Depth of Rust in Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Mogire Philip , Mwero John , Abuodha Silvester , Mang’uriu Geoffrey
Published: November 2021

Bond strength and critical penetration depth of rust are major factors that affect the service life of reinforced concrete structures. This research endevoured to establish a relationship between the bond strength and critical penetration depth of rust for reinforced concrete structures. There are 7 brands of Cem 1 cement in Kenya available for use in concrete structures. To achieve the desired objective, three Cem 1 cement brands (Cem A, B and C), fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and steel were obtained from the local Kenyan market. The chemical and physical properties of the materials were investigated. For a selected design strength of 25N/mm2, concrete materials were batched by weight and mixed by an electric pan mixer. For each brand of cement 9 cubes of size 150mm * 150mm * 150mm for a compression test, 9 cylinders of 150mm * 300mm for tensile strength and 9 cylinders of 150mm * 300mm for bond strength were cast. After 24 hours, the cast specimens were demoulded and immersed in curing tanks for 27 days. Specimens for compression, split tensile and bond strength were tested at 7,14 and 28 days. From the results, it was observed that the chemical composition of Cem 1 brands in the Kenyan market vary, which affects the hardening properties of concrete. A model for the critical penetration depth of rust in reinforced concrete was proposed by establishing a correlation between the spilt tensile and bond strength and substituting it in the Xu and Shayan model. The proposed and published models compared well. From the proposed model, a relationship between the critical penetration depth and bond strength was established. It was noted that the critical penetration depth increased with an increase in the bond strength of reinforced concrete. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the modeling of the service life of reinforced concrete structures.
Detection of oligoclonal bands as a part of the diagnosis
of multiple sclerosis – case studies
Authors: Stacherzak-Pawlik Jolanta , Boćko Paulina , Zagocka Ewa
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Oligoclonal bands are the result of the synthesis of antibodies of limited
heterogeneity, that is, directed against one or more specific antigens. Their detection is an
important element in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. In multiple sclerosis, the
diagnostic sensitivity of the determination of oligoclonal bands is high.
Aim: The aim of this study is to answer the question whether the detection of oligoclonal
bands a more valuable study is than the Tibbling-Link index and reibergram analysis in the
context of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Material and methods: Oligoclonal bands were tested in the cerebrospinal fluid and
serum from 9 patients suspected of multiple sclerosis using the Sebia HYDRAGEL 3 CSF
ISOFOCUSING kit.
Results: In 7 out of 9 patients the Tibbling-Link index, reibergram analysis and oligoclonal
bands detection clearly indicated intrathecal IgG synthesis. In 2 of 9 patients, detection of
oligoclonal bands indicated intrathecal IgG synthesis and the value of Tibbling-Link index
and reibergram analysis did not indicated intrathecal IgG production or these tests indicated
limit values.
Conclusions: The detection of oligoclonal bands in many cases allows for faster diagnosis
and introduction of therapy. This test should be an integral part of SM diagnostics.
Circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in assessing the
risk of cardiac arrhythmia, its recurrence, or the effectiveness
of antiarrhythmic therapy
Authors: Moric-Janiszewska Ewa , Zapletal Karolina
Published: November 2021

Cardiac arrhythmias belong to a group of diseases that, in some cases, can be life and health
threatening. The most common arrhythmia is atrial fibrillation, while the most dangerous
dysrhythmia is ventricular fibrillation. The list of factors determining and influencing the
occurrence and course of abnormal heart rhythms, and thus determining the fate of the patient,
is very diverse. The priority in the fight against arrhythmia is the short time to detect and diagnose
and identify patients with a high probability of recurrent forms of particular arrhythmias. In recent
years, scientists' attention has focused on circulating microRNAs, which have a high potential to act as biomarkers of cardiac arrhythmias. miRNAs are short, single-stranded ribonucleic
acid molecules with a length of about 22 nucleotides. MicroRNAs intracellularly play the role
of regulators of gene expression, while extracellularly they are mediators of intercellular
communication. MiRNAs are characterized by high tissue and organ specificity. In addition, even
minimal quantitative changes affect the homeostasis of the body and initiate a pathological
state, which suggests the possibility of using them to identify abnormalities, e.g., in the structure
and functioning of the heart. The conclusions of scientists obtained so far from a large number
of scientific sources and confirmed studies are not unequivocal, however, they indicate the
relationship of circulating miRNAs with the occurrence of specific arrhythmia and give hope for
the practical use of microRNA as biomarkers in laboratory diagnostics.
The Future Perspectives of Drug Repurposing and Treatment for the Drug Resistant Breast Cancer: A Review
Authors: Theivendren Panneerselvam , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Mariappa Hegde Yashoda , Ravi Kaveena , Vellaichamy Sivakumar , Gopal Murugananthan , Pichaivel Manimekalai
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer is a major health concern as it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. There are several well-known risk factors that contribute to breast cancer. Despite the various treatment options available, complete cure is still difficult due to heterogenicity of BC subtypes. As a result, identifying BC subtypes is critical for determining the optimal treatment approach. Over the last several years, new drugs targeting particular therapeutic targets have resulted in significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer. Nonetheless, resistance to treatment is the “major” issue, and a significant increase in survival rates has been the main focus for researchers. The purpose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the molecular basis of drug resistance in breast cancer, as well as a detailed assessment of current treatment options, potential new treatment methods for drug-resistant breast cancer and repurposed drugs used for treatment. The possibility of non-cancer drugs being studied for breast cancer in the future, as well as the obstacles and bottlenecks of drug repurposing, is also highlighted. Finally, we go through present problems and future prospects in drug-resistant breast cancer therapy.
Board Gender Diversity and Firm Risk
Authors: Achour Zyed
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, we address the following question: Does board gender diversity affect global risk? Drawing on agency theory, upper echelon theory, and human capital theory, we hypothesize that gender diversity on the board of directors will decrease the volatility of firm risk. Applying fixed effect estimation on a panel data of listed French companies (SBF120) for the years 2011–2018, the results show a negative link between the percentage of female directors on the board and the standard deviation of monthly stock return as firm risk proxy suggesting that the inclusion of more women on corporate boards could improve financial stability. Our findings contribute to the literature by providing empirical evidence from France occupying the first place at the European level with the most female presence on the boards of directors.1
Risk Mitigation: Sustainable Management in Construction Industry
Authors: Srinivas K.
Published: November 2021

Various parameters which are interactive in nature are exerting a negative influence on the existence of planet earth. Excessive urbanization, runaway global warming, unbridled generation of waste and pollution of air, water and soil has resulted in depletion of natural resources. As a result of threat to ecosystems and irreversible degradation, the growing evidence that the earth’s ability to sustain life is getting eroded needs to be taken seriously. Major parameter which is responsible for substantial contribution to global warming and degradation of environment is the construction industry. The construction industry consumes about 40% of extracted materials and is responsible for about 35% of total carbon dioxide emissions. Rapid economic development coupled with unplanned construction has resulted in choking of cities/towns, with little or no lung space and over-exploitation of natural resources. This paper seeks to address the methods to mitigate the adverse effects on environment by way of implementation of sustainable management in the form of green and intelligent building which will facilitate the planet earth to be a liveable place for future generation while simultaneously pursuing the agenda of sustainable development.
Tribological Performance of Random Sinter Pores vs. Deterministic Laser Surface Textures: An Experimental and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Boidi Guido , G. Grützmacher Philipp , Varga Markus , Rodrigues da Silva Márcio , Gachot Carsten , Dini Daniele , J. Profito Francisco , F. Machado Izabel
Published: November 2021

This work critically scrutinizes and compares the tribological performance of randomly distributed surface pores in sintered materials and precisely tailored laser textures produced by different laser surface texturing techniques. The pore distributions and dimensions were modified by changing the sintering parameters, while the topological features of the laser textures were varied by changing the laser sources and structuring parameters. Ball-on-disc tribological experiments were carried out under lubricated combined sliding-rolling conditions. Film thickness was measured in-situ through a specific interferometry technique developed for the study of rough surfaces. Furthermore, a machine learning approach based on the radial basis function method was proposed to predict the frictional behavior of contact interfaces with surface irregularities. The main results show that both sintered and laser textured materials can reduce friction compared to the untextured material under certain operating conditions. Moreover, the machine learning model was shown to predict results with satisfactory accuracy. It was also found that the performance of sintered materials could lead to similar improvements as achieved by textured surfaces, even if surface pores are randomly distributed and not precisely controlled.
Landslide Mitigation through Biocementation
Authors: Moqsud Azizul
Published: November 2021

Landslide and other geo-disasters are causing a great damage to people and the resources all over the world. An environment friendly countermeasure of landslide disasters is necessary. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a bio-cementation process that can improve the geotechnical properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (calcite) at soil particle contacts. This MICP can be an environment friendly solution for the biocementation of soil. In this study, an evaluation of biocemented soil has been carried out through direct shear test and direct simple shear test. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) tests were conducted to analysis the calcite precipitation inside the biotreated soil by bacteria by using Toyoura sand and silica sand no. 4. It was observed that the amount of calcite generated in silica sand was larger than Toyoura sand. The particle shape influences the result of calcite precipitation and consequent strength of the bio-cemented sand. The amount of strength which was obtained by direct shear test and direct simple shear test indicated the granular soil became bio-stabilized within 7 days of application of nutrients from the surface. However, the amount of generated calcite was not uniformed in different layers while applying the nutrients and bacterial from the surface which was revealed by X-ray CT scan test.
Private and Public Management of the Real Estate Registry in Chile
Authors: Zárate González Santiago
Published: November 2021

The present work seeks to reflect on the best real estate registry management system in Chile, from a private one, such as the one that exists today, or a public one; examine their strengths and weaknesses; and to what extent both are convenient to use technology. Chilean legislation will be reviewed for this under a historical and also dogmatic perspective.
Herpesviridae and microRNAs
Authors: Banerjee Anwesha , Mukherjee Anupam
Published: November 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), first discovered in the year 1993 in the nematode C. elegans, are small, approximately 22-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Cellular miRNAs have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, and their dysregulation is associated with different diseases. They can be significantly up/downregulated upon infection or disease, serving as excellent biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several human DNA viruses, including many herpesviruses, have now been reported to encode viral miRNAs. There are a variety of possible interactions and mechanisms of viral microRNAs (vmiRNAs) which are yet to be remains obscure. Viral miRNAs can function as orthologs of cellular miRNAs and regulate their expression. Additionally, viruses have also developed vmiRNA mechanisms to avoid being targeted by the host miRNAs. Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 & HSV-2) cause genital and oral herpes, establishing lifelong latent infections in their hosts, and it is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. vmiRNAs play essential roles in Herpesvirus biology. In this chapter, we will discuss the current knowledge about miRNAs and their role in different stages of Herpesvirus infection. It will also elaborate the biomarkers, therapeutic potential of these molecules, and the prospective areas of future research.
Characterizations of Cement and Modern Sustainable Concrete Incorporating Different Waste Additives
Authors: S. Eid Mohanad , M. Saleh Hosam
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides a brief introduction to cement and concrete, from their first utilization in constructions and monuments in different civilizations to their development and use in modern times. It discusses the modern forms of these materials, their physical and chemical properties, and their various applications. The chapter also examines the sustainability of concrete mixed with different waste additives, which can impart desirable properties to concrete, as a promising way to reduce environmental hazards resulting from the landfilling of these wastes. In addition to environmental benefits, waste utilization has economic benefits as well.
Differential Impact of the Prior Mix by Stirring in the Biodegradation of Sunflower Oil
Authors: Eulogio Cisterna Osorio Pedro , Faundez-Miño Barbara
Published: November 2021

Fats and oils present in wastewater are usually eliminated by physical and biological processes. In this experience, the fatty wastewaters are treated biologically, and it assesses the impact of the mix in the fats and oils biodegradation and carried out the experiments in a laboratory scale unit. The biodegradation of fats and oils was analysed in two sceneries, with mix previous by mechanical agitation and without mix. Key parameters were monitored, such as the concentration of fats and oils in the influents and effluents, mass loading, and the efficiency of biodegradation. The mass loading range was similar in both sceneries. In the experimental activated sludge plant without mix, the biodegradation of fats and oils reached levels in the range of 28 to 42.5%. For the wastewater treatment plant with a previous mix by mechanical agitation, the levels of biodegradation of fats and oils ranged from 64 to 75%. Therefore, considering the efficiency of the biodegradation of fats and oils in both sceneries, the results indicated that the level mix is a high incidence.
Features of Management of Research Activity in Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Lutsenko Gregory , Lutsenko Olena
Published: November 2021

Modern pedagogical science and practice seek to comprehend the holistic pedagogical process from the standpoint of management science, to give it a clear scientifically sound character. The statement of many domestic and foreign researchers that management is real and necessary not only in the field of technical, production processes but also in the field of complex social systems, including pedagogical, is true. The introduction of innovation management is important for successful research at the university. Therefore, the main idea/goal of our study is to develop the concept of innovation as new ideas and knowledge (radical and those that improve the result), mechanisms for their practical implementation, and, most importantly, mechanisms for the dissemination of innovations. On the one hand, in many countries there are tendencies to create largely, often international clusters of research work, on the other - now in the staff of universities are introduced positions of research management specialists in existing projects and centers. Unlike pure administration, innovation research managers must make decisions based on scientific knowledge and information about society as a whole. Some authors note a growing similarity between non-university research centers, industrial laboratories, and classical universities. In fact, scientists from industrial and large research organizations have greater autonomy, for example, there are optimal conditions for creative research (at the university it is combined with the educational process). Large joint projects and the commercialization of research results in many disciplines represent this trend. The main methodology of our study was methods of theoretical and empirical nature. In the process of researching the problem outlined by us, we found that thus, it is established that the introduction of a system of information management of research activities in higher education, in general, contributed to the growth of performance management of research activities and improve the level of training of future professionals. Therefore, we dedicate our research to the peculiarities of educational management in educational institutions of Ukraine.
Illustrative Techniques in the Primary School
Authors: Serafin Cestmir
Published: November 2021

The goal of this chapter is to contribute to the area of teaching about technology, especially by using illustrative aids, kits as didactic training tools in contemporary schools, and to define what is required by this field in view of the goals of the teaching process, especially of the education theory. The study summarises the issue of illustrative aids, from the view of their application to the area of general training, and formulates answers to some related practical issues of the relevant subject didactics. The chapter presents the results of past research surveys which were conducted in relation to incorporating illustrative aids - kits into education, and of the effectiveness of the implemented education in the practical reality of teaching. One subject of discussion also includes the condition/the current state of implementing education in the primary school environment. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comparative and analytical insight into the teaching of general technical subjects in primary schools in the context of technical kits, defining current trends and approaches to the implementation of educational activities. The broader intention is thus to contribute to the development of a sectoral didactics of technical subjects, targeted at lower school levels and educational practice.