bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How prepared is China to seize geopolitical benefits out of space industry privatization?
Authors: Breuzon Julien
Published: May 2021

Cet article vise à analyser la stratégie géopolitique de l’industrie spatiale chinoise dans le contexte de privatisation déclenché par les Etats-Unis. Cet article vise notamment à démontrer que tout en ouvrant la porte à un secteur privé, la Chine garde à moyen terme son option la plus efficace en s’appuyant sur la réactivité de ses entreprises publiques. La stratégie suiviste de ces entreprises publiques semble en mesure de contenir le retard technologique vis-à-vis des Etats-Unis, suffisamment pour assurer à la Chine, à coûts limités, la poursuite de ses objectifs dans la configuration géopolitique d’aujourd’hui. Cette publication se divise en trois parties. La première section examine les enjeux géopolitiques de la Chine liés à son industrie spatiale, et comment ils pourraient être affectés par la privatisation. La seconde section donne une vue d’ensemble du secteur privé chinois, de ses interfaces aux institutions, et étudie sa capacité à s’insérer dans une chaine de valeur privée et mondialisée structurée par les Etats-Unis. La troisième section se penche sur les mesures économiques et politiques de partenariats que la Chine pourrait mettre en place pour tirer des bénéfices géopolitiques de sa très particulière organisation industrielle.
Chinese commercial space – A policies crossroad
Authors: Sénéchal-Perrouault Lucie
Published: May 2021

Alors que l’importance du pays croît sur la scène internationale, notamment dans les domaines haute technologie, le secteur spatial chinois est devenu un sujet à la mode, générant un nombre croissant de communications. Le prisme analytique de la politique spatiale du pays reste néanmoins encore principalement influencé par les acteurs traditionnels de la défense américaine et se concentre sur la composante militaire de la politique spatiale chinoise. Pourtant, dans le contexte d’une internationalisation du New Space, la logique économique a un rôle prépondérant à jouer. Basé sur des documents du niveau exécutif de la RPC qui n’ont pas été officiellement traduits à ce jour, cet article présente trois politiques au sein desquelles l’espace commercial chinois est inscrit : la réforme économique, l’initiative des nouvelles routes de la soie, l’intégration civilo-militaire.
Postologies et nouveaux conservatismes
Authors: Zhao Henry , Bartel David
Published: May 2021

Ce texte est important pour deux raisons. D’abord, c’est la première fois qu’est utilisé le terme de «  houxue » – traduit ici par postologie – pour regrouper, non sans une pointe d’humour, les différents discours « post- », poststructuralisme, postmodernisme, postcolonialisme, postsocialisme ou postrévolutionnaire qui ont fleuri en Chine au lendemain des drames nationaux et internationaux de l’année 1989. Si ces discours théoriques, importés d’Occident ont été méthodiquement introduits en Chine dès le début des années 1980, notamment avec les travaux novateurs de Yue Daiyun (樂黛雲) dans le domaine de la littérature comparée, la spécificité des discours post- entendus comme houxue , est qu’à la différence du postmodernisme, ou du postcolonialisme, les houxue sont exclusivement orientés contre un Occident perçu comme impérialiste et/ou hégémonique. Tout l’appareil théorique critique contre les discours du pouvoir sont savamment ignorés. C’est ce que montre ce texte avec une pertinence que l’on peut qualifier de pionnière. À ce titre, cette traduction peut intégrer les différents textes déjà publiés par Monde Chinois Nouvelle Asie sur le thème des Lumières chinoises 2 . En effet, les différents discours qui forment les houxue partagent la volonté unique de remettre en cause, l’ensemble de ce qui a été fait en Chine et ailleurs au nom de la modernité. On laissera cette antinomie continuer à travailler un Parti communiste, justement né de ce que le regretté Arif Dirlik appelait la « victoire » du moderne. Le Parti n’étant plus à une équivoque près quant à sa légitimité historique. L’importance de ce texte est donc qu’il met le doigt sur ce « pli » intellectuel conservateur qui marque encore aujourd’hui le renouveau théorique d’un discours nationaliste devenu plus petit dénominateur commun de l’idéologie 3 .
La jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation relative aux mineurs étrangers à la lumière de la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel
Authors: Corneloup Sabine
Published: May 2021

Dans sa décision n° 2018-768 QPC M. Adama S . du 21 mars 2019 relative au recours à l’examen osseux afin de déterminer l’âge d’un mineur étranger, le Conseil constitutionnel a énoncé, sur le fondement de l’exigence constitutionnelle de protection de l'intérêt supérieur de l'enfant, un certain nombre de garanties dont il appartient aux autorités compétentes de donner leur plein effet. L’étude des arrêts rendus par la Cour de cassation depuis mars 2019 révèle que celle-ci assure l’application effective de la garantie constitutionnelle et conventionnelle de protection de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Les principales fragilités du régime paraissent liées à l’office du juge de cassation. Sur le terrain des éléments qui dépendent de l’appréciation souveraine des juges du fond, le tableau fait apparaître des disparités dans les pratiques judiciaires, qui sont susceptibles de placer le mineur dans l’impossibilité pratique d’apporter la preuve de son âge et qui le privent ainsi de l’accès à toute protection en France.
La jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Pastre-Belda Béatrice
Published: May 2021

La protection des droits fondamentaux de l’étranger par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme se déploie tant de manière indirecte, par le contrôle des mesures d’éloignement du territoire, que de manière directe, par l’examen des conditions de vie et de rétention sur le territoire d’accueil et des conditions de son éloignement. Dans cette perspective, un double mouvement peut être caractérisé : d’une part, une mutation de la protection indirecte, sur le fondement, notamment, du principe de subsidiarité et eu égard à l’approfondissement du contrôle de conventionnalité effectué par le juge interne et, d’autre part, un enrichissement de la protection directe de l’étranger sur le territoire d’accueil par le biais de la technique prétorienne des obligations positives.
Editorially Speaking ...
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

QUALIFIED TO CARE
SENIOR RESIDENT SETS OLYMPIC PACE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ACTIVITY RX
I Was Tired of Living SCARED!
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

Many aged suffer loss of agility and strength, further complicated by fear.

Recently, we met Mary Staples, RN, who offered suggestions for overcoming fear and increasing mobility.
SUMMER SENSE FOR THE AGED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

PREVENTION
THE UNSEEN ABUSE: WHY FINANCIAL MALTREATMENT OF THE ELDERLY GOES UNRECOGNIZED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

Information about the incidence of financial abuse is very sketchy. However, according to Drs. Beck and Phillips, it probably is more common than most nurses realize. Find out how to tell if your client is a victim of this unseen abuse.
GUARDIANSHIP: A Serious Step As A Last Resort
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

Once a person has been adjudicated incompetent, they are without their rights to do many things. Guardianship is a very serious step to take.
EXERCISE MAY NOT BENEFIT ALL
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

CARDIOLOGY
ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS FORMED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ASSOCIATIONS
PAMPHLET HELPS SENIORS CUT COSTS & INCREASE CARE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

AARP
FDA APPROVES RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS COMPOUND
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ARTHRITIS
LONG-TERM HEALTH CARE PLAN ANNOUNCED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

INSURANCE
TRACE ELEMENT NEEDS EXPLORED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

NUTRITION
HIGH TECHNOLOGY TRAINING FOR HOME HEALTH AIDES OFFERED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

HIGH TECH
RESPITE CARE PROGRAM ESTABLISHED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

ALZHEIMER'S
LIVING WILLS FORUM PROCEEDINGS AVAILABLE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

TERMINAL ILLNESS
WHAT YOU EAT CAN AFFECT YOUR BODY'S IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

DIET
GRANTS BENEFIT FRAIL ELDERLY
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

DAY-CARE
WEEKLY DOSING EXTENDS ADRIAMYCIN THERAPY TO MORE PATIENTS
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

CANCER
BONE LOSS BEGINS AS EARLY AS AGE 30
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

OSTEOPOROSIS
WELLNESS PROGRAM FOR RETIREMENT CREATED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

WELLNESS
1986 LEGAL RIGHTS CALENDAR AVAILABLE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

LEGAL QUESTIONS
ALZHEIMER'S VICTIMS LACK STRESS RESPONSE CHEMICAL
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

DEMENTIA
CRITICAL CARE NURSES LAUNCH CAMPAIGN
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

INTENSIVE CARE
TV THERAPY FOR ELDERLY IN NURSING HOMES
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

TELEVISION
LIVING WITH PARKINSON'S: GUIDELINES FOR FAMILY AND PATIENT
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

PARKINSON'S DISEASE
ANA TO DEFEND HEALTHCARE FUNDING
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

FEDERAL CUTBACKS
REPORT ON AGING AVAILABLE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

RESEARCH
GRANTS TOTALING $4.1 MILLION ANNOUNCED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

EDUCATION
NURSING LIABILITY DATA BASE INSTITUTED
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

MALPRACTICE
Supplies for Nonprofit Senior Organizations
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

SUPPLIES
Board Sets Agenda for Aggressive Quality Assurance Promotion
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

COMMUNITY
If Not Now, When?
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

EDITORIAL
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
Authors: Anonymous
Published: May 2021

Call for Papers
Individualisation et exposition
Authors: Hétier Renaud
Published: May 2021

L’hypothèse que je veux présenter est que la post-modernité – entendue ici comme la période d’accomplissement systématique du processus d’individualisation, processus déjà en projet dans la modernité – redéploie et transforme au cœur de l’éducation des formes de violence dont l’idée même d’éducation supposait le dépassement.
Georg Picht et le Birklehof. Une introduction à la pensée pédagogique de Picht
Authors: Moreau Didier
Published: May 2021

La tâche des pédagogues, depuis Platon, est de s’emparer des questions théoriques de leur temps pour tenter de leur trouver des réponses pratiques par l’éducation. En ce sens, ils se heurtent constamment à l’hégémonie du politique qui fait précéder l’éducation par les révolutions, lorsque la pédagogie prône l’éducation comme réforme. Ce travail propose de montrer comment la pensée pédagogique allemande, dès la Première Guerre, prend comme thème central de son travail la construction d’une éducation émancipatrice, capable d’éviter le retour des conflits mondiaux. De Kurt Hahn à Georg Picht, il y aurait une Ecole de Hinterzarten, centrée autour du Birklehof, établissement organisé selon les principes pédagogiques de ce mouvement pédagogique, qui sont ici exposés. La contribution est une introduction à l’œuvre de Georg Picht, en tant qu’important philosophe de l’éducation et ouvre un travail de recherche qui se poursuit.
La croyance en l’école à l’épreuve de la post-modernité : peut-on apprendre sans faire crédit au maître et à la culture enseignée ?
Authors: Lamarre Jean-Marc
Published: May 2021

Aujourd’hui, l’école est minée par une sorte de défiance et de mépris des élèves à l’égard des enseignants et de la culture enseignée. Ce manque de croyance et de confiance relève de processus post-modernes de déliaison et de dissolution. Or l’école repose sur la croyance : apprendre suppose que l’élève fasse crédit au maître et aux œuvres qu’il fait étudier. L’épuisement de l’école, dans le contexte de la post-modernité, ne tiendrait-il pas à ce déficit de croyance dans les enseignants et dans la culture ? Cette communication analyse d’abord le rapport des élèves à la culture, en prenant appui sur la philosophie de la culture (en particulier La Tragédie de la culture de Simmel) ; puis le rapport des élèves aux enseignants, en prenant appui sur De la certitude de Wittgenstein.
Droit à l’ignorance et saveur des savoirs
Authors: Drouin-Hans Anne-Marie
Published: May 2021

Il est des lieux, les utopies, où le savoir est d’emblée valorisé. Mais précisément ces « lieux » sont en fait des non-lieux, des u-topoi, comme s’est plu à y insister Thomas More en forgeant ce nom sur un jeu de mots. Le privatif « u » de U-topia, qui lui confisque l’existence, pourrait bien se prononcer « eu », et lui attribuer le bonheur. L’une des formes du bonheur des utopies est précisément de goûter le savoir, d’y être habile et compétent, sans difficultés d’apprentissage, et avec un plaisir immédiat.
Problématiser en fin de second cycle universitaire : analyses de produits et de processus. Un cas limite, le dossier documentaire du CAPES de documentation
Authors: Benoît Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

A quels niveaux de problématisation parviennent des étudiants en fin de second cycle universitaire et comment problématisent-ils ? Parmi les épreuves d’admissibilité du CAPES de documentation celle du dossier documentaire est un cas limite par ses exigences en ce domaine – étendue et hétérogénéité du dossier à traiter et temps accordé pour le faire. Dans le but d’affiner le modèle de la problématisation du CREN, on analyse donc un lot de copies de concours et la progression sur une année universitaire des copies rédigées par des candidats. A partir de ces analyses on propose deux typologies pour analyser ces notes de synthèse et d’autres moins exigeantes, une typologie des niveaux de problématisation atteints et une des problématiques proposées.
Obstacles et problématisation dans les apprentissages interculturels : un exemple d’initiation à la danse Kathak
Authors: Ranganathan Malini , Peterfalvi Brigitte
Published: May 2021

Dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d’obstacles et de problématisation à propos de processus d’enseignement-apprentissage artistiques interculturels ? Cette intervention se propose d’explorer, par un regard croisé entre une didacticienne qui a travaillé dans le domaine de l’enseignement de la danse Kathak (une danse indienne) en France et une didacticienne des sciences, le sens que ces deux termes, relativement stabilisés en didactique des sciences, peut prendre lorsqu’on les transfère à ce domaine interculturel.
Analyse du travail et formation
Authors: Pastré Pierre
Published: May 2021

L’analyse des modalités d’apprentissage effectuées sur simulation a permis de mettre en évidence une donnée très importante : on apprend beaucoup par l’action (la formation sur simulateur est faite pour cela), mais on apprend davantage encore en analysant après coup sa propre activité. Ce point s’éclaire quand on reprend la distinction faite par Rabardel entre activité productive et activité constructive : l’activité productive (transformer le réel) se termine avec l’action ; l’activité constructive (se transformer soi en transformant le réel) peut se poursuivre longtemps après l’action. Ce travail d’analyse de son activité est un moment essentiel dans la construction du sens de ce que le sujet a vécu. Mais, paradoxe, l’analyse réflexive rétrospective requiert la médiation d’autrui, des formateurs notamment. Ceux-ci vont pouvoir fournir au sujet un cadre d’analyse qui va guider sa démarche. En outre, cette analyse de soi par soi suppose qu’on respecte la dimension singulière de l’action, liée à sa temporalité. D’où l’utilisation du concept d’intrigue, qui permet d’analyser un événement dans sa singularité. Les concepts d’intrigue et de structure conceptuelle forment un couple qui permet de mieux comprendre le processus d’apprentissage.
L’analyse de quelques « mouvements cognitifs » entre les différentes formes de la connaissance : repères pour la formation
Authors: Munoz Grégory
Published: May 2021

Inspiré des conceptions de Vergnaud (1999) relatives à la distinction de la connaissance selon différentes formes (forme opérative liée à l’expérience versus forme précative relative aux connaissances explicitées), nous proposons un schéma de questionnement enrichi du paradigme de la didactique professionnelle. Notre « schématisation » au caractère heuristique, permet de positionner les différents « mouvements cognitifs » (explicitation, axiomatisation et « pragmatisation ») entre les formes de la connaissance. Après avoir rappeler le cadre d’une recherche sur une compétence estimée critique des chargés de sécurité en entreprise, à l’origine d’un de ces mouvements, la notion de « pragmatisation », nous tentons de montrer en quoi, à travers un exemple issu de la formation professionnelle, ces mouvements peuvent questionner la formation.
De la culture du résultat à l’expérience formatrice : la pratique et le pragmatisme
Authors: Fabre Michel
Published: May 2021

On confond trop souvent le pragmatisme avec une forme sophistiquée de l’utilitarisme sans comprendre que James, Peirce et Dewey nous obligent en réalité à renouveler notre vocabulaire de la pratique. En deçà des différents courants du pragmatisme et de ses dissensions internes, le noyau dur du pragmatiste est constitué d’une théorie conséquentialiste et non représentative de la signification et de la vérité. L’idée est un outil et non une image du monde, ce qui récuse le dualisme qu’opère le sens commun entre la théorie et la pratique, entre le concret et l’abstrait. Il y a donc loin de l’attitude pragmatique au pragmatisme : le pragmatisme n’est ni un utilitarisme ni un praticisme. Loin de promouvoir cyniquement une culture du résultat, le pragmatisme (et en particulier celui de Dewey) s’intéresse surtout au processus par lequel l’expérience s’accroît et s’approfondit, ce qui est l’essence même de l’éducation tout au long de la vie.
Le géoweb et la cartographie collaborative au service de l’étude de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc (Ardèche)
Authors: Louman Laura , Fritz Carole , Desponds Didier , Pinçon Geneviève
Published: May 2021

Depuis plus d’une dizaine d’années, les systèmes d’information géographique sont utilisés pour l’étude de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc (Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche) avec l’appui du Centre National de Préhistoire (CNP) du ministère de la Culture. Leur emploi a facilité la centralisation et la description des données et des métadonnées. L’arrivée du web 2.0 ouvre aujourd’hui de nouvelles perspectives d’acquisition in situ et rend possible une gestion interdisciplinaire de l’information. L’application du WebSIG à la grotte Chauvet est proposée comme une réponse opérationnelle à de nouveaux usages. L’introduction des outils du géoweb dans les pratiques archéologiques invite à mener une approche réflexive afin de mettre en évidence leur intérêt pour l’étude des grottes ornées.
DEEP LEARNING SURVIVAL PREDICTION FOR LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Huang Caiyun , Yin Changhua
Published: May 2021

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers; lung cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens the lives of patients. Improving survival prediction performance is meaningful for making the treatment plans and improving the survival rates of lung cancer patients. In this paper, an approach for predicting the survival of lung cancer patients is proposed based on pathological images. First, the deep learning method is used to automatically detect lung cancer cells in pathological pictures, and features of the detected lung cancer cells are extracted. In feature selection, an extraction method of topological features is given, it reflects the relationship and distribution characteristics of lung cancer cells, and the extracted topological features are used as predictive factors for survival analysis. In this paper, the extraction methods of global topological features are mainly studied; for example, the overall association, location relationship and distribution of cells, and the global topological features of lung cancer cells are extracted through the Voronoi diagram, Delaunay triangle, and minimum spanning tree methods. Finally, the Cox–LASSO method was used to predict the survival of lung cancer patients. Experimental results show that this method can improve the efficiency and accuracy of cell detection, and there is a higher ability to predict and analyze the survival of lung cancer patients.
Research Findings in the Domain of Security Assurance in DevOps
Authors: Verslegers Dennis
Published: May 2021

This chapter of the book provides an overview of the approach and outcomes of the research project. It consists of the following sections: Research approach and deliverables provides an overview of the rationale behind the research methods selected for the project and the outcomes of the literature review. A detailed overview of the security activities is identified during the research project. This chapter contains an in-depth analysis performed for each of the security activities and design factors identified during the previous research steps.
The Effect of Biogas Purification Using Biochar from Biogas Waste on Biogas Combustion
Authors: Pambudi Widyawati Luhur , Pertiwiningrum Ambar , Wuri Margaretha Arnita , Yusiati Lies Mira
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to investigate the capability of a combination of adsorbents, biochar from biogas waste, and zeolite for improving the calorific value of biogas. There were six treatments of adsorbents, 0% volume of biochar and 100% volume of zeolite (ZZ); 25% volume of biochar and 75% volume of zeolite (AZ1); 50% volume of biochar and 50% volume of zeolite (AZ2); 75% volume of biochar and 25% volume of zeolite (AZ3); 100% volume of biochar and 0% volume of zeolite (AA). First, biogas waste was converted to biochar by pyrolysis. Then biogas was purified using this biochar and analyzed its calorific value before and after purification. The calorific value test was conducted by heating water using biogas energy. The results showed that biogas purification affected on final temperature of water heating significantly. The highest final temperature was performed by biogas purification using 75% volume of biochar and 25% volume of zeolite (AZ3). Biogas purification was not affected on calorific value significantly but affected the temperature change of heating water.
Performance of Ni-Cu/HZSM-5 Catalyst in Hydrocracking Process to Produce Biofuel from Cerbera manghas Oil
Authors: Aini Afrida Nur , Al-Muttaqii Muhammad , Roesyadi Achmad , Kurniawansyah Firman
Published: May 2021

Catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing are two processes used to convert vegetable oil into biofuel, the combination of the two processes is called the hydrocracking reaction. Bintaro oil which is non-edible oil and has a considerable oil content of 35-50% can be recommended as a source of vegetable oil that can be processed into biogasoil. Catalyst preparation was carried out using the incipient wetness impregnation method. The loading support variable HZSM-5 used is 5% and 10%, and the Ni-Cu metal ratio is 1: 2. Ni-Cu / HZSM-5 catalyst was analyzed using BET, EDX, and XRD to determine the characteristics of the catalyst. Furthermore, the hydrocracking process was carried out by mixing 2 grams of Ni-Cu / HZSM-5 catalyst and 250 ml of Bintaro oil into a stirred batch reactor at a reaction temperature of 375 °C for 2 hours. The liquid product (biofuel) produced from the hydrocracking process was analyzed using GC-MS to determine the hydrocarbon composition. The reaction routes that dominate in this study are the decarbonylation and decarboxylation reactions. This can be seen from the largest hydrocarbon composition of the biofuel products that are C15 and C17. The highest value of biofuel selectivity was obtained by loading support at 5%, namely 0.6% gasoline, 5.4% kerosene, and 92.6% gasoil.
Adsorption of Silver(I) on Dithizone-Immobilized Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Shofwunnada Shofwunnada , Aprilita Nurul Hidayat , Mudasir Mudasir
Published: May 2021

Adsorption of Ag(I) on dithizone-immobilized coal fly ash (Dtz-CFA) from PT Madukismo Factory, Yogyakarta, Indonesia has been investigated. Immobilization of dithizone on activated coal fly ash (Act-CFA) was done by stirring the mixture of two precursors in toluene medium at 50 °C for 16 h. Parameters influencing adsorption of Ag(I) such as pH of solution, contact time and initial concentration of Ag(I) ions were optimized. FT-IR and XRD characteriztions show that the surface of fly ash has successfully immobilized by dithizone. The optimum conditions for Ag(I) adsorption are reached at pH 6, contact time of 45 min and initial concentration of 100 mg g-1. The ability of Dtz-CFA to adsorb Ag(I) metal ions significantly increases as compared to that of Act-CFA. Kinetic and isotherm adsorption studies suggest that adsoption of Ag(I) using both Act-CFA and Dtz-CFA follows a second-order pseudo reaction and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. These results indicate that Dtz-CFA may be used as prospective adsorbent for removing Ag(I) ion.
The Effects of Ultrasound Wave on the Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Red Sorghum Grain Using Green Solvent and a Kinetics Model of the Extraction
Authors: Susanti Devi Yuni , Sediawan Wahyudi Budi , Fahrurrozi Mohammad , Hidayat Muslikhin
Published: May 2021

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) was applied to enhance the bioactive compound extraction from the intact red sorghum grains using water as a green solvent that is relatively more available, safe, and less contaminant to the product application. The UAE performance of the ultrasonic probe with 60, 70, and 80% amplitude were compared to evaluate the effect of ultrasound amplitude. A mechanistic model was applied for quantitative evaluation of the UAE performance and prediction of the concentration of total phenolic (TP) and proanthocyanidin (PC) in the extract during the extraction. This research evaluated the effect of amplitude on the extraction rate, the parameters in the model, and the predicted TP and PC concentration from the mechanistic model approach. The wave enhanced the extraction by its propagation, cavitation bubble, and pericarp destruction. The mass transfer coefficient was stretched between 1.271×10–2 - 1.345×10–2 cm–1/minutes for TP and 5.979×10–3 - 8.262×10–3 cm–1/minutes for PC, while the distribution coefficient was 2.222×10–2 -2.248×10–2 grain/cm–3 solvent for TP and 6.739×10–2 - 7.946×10–2 grain/cm–3 solvent for PC. The highest performance resulted from 80% amplitude. The model worked precisely to predict the concentration of TP and PC of UAE, illustrating the amplitude’s effect in enhancing the UAE from its parameter values.
The Effect of CTAB on Bentonite for Slow Release Fertilizer
Authors: Suratman Adhitasari , Adhyana Alifa Zahra , Siswanta Dwi
Published: May 2021

Effect of CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) surfactant concentration on synthesized CTAB modified bentonite and release of NPK has been studied. Besides, the release kinetic model was also determined. Characterizations of the modified bentonite were done using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The amount of released NPK was analyzed using Spectrophotometer UV-Visible and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The release kinetics of NPK were determined using zeroth, first, second, pseudo-first, pseudo-second order, and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics models. The result of the study showed that CTAB modified bentonite has been successfully synthesized for NPK slow-release fertilizer. The CTAB concentration in CTAB modified bentonite affects the amount of NPK released out of bentonite and also could reduce the release of NPK. Among modified bentonite synthesized, CMB-3 (bentonite modified by CTAB 2 times CEC of bentonite) could reduce NPK release rate in water very well. The release kinetic of NPK followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model, with the release rate constant (k) of N, P, and K were 0.0027, 0.0540, and 0.0169 g mg−1 day−1, respectively.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Physico-Chemical Properties of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Synthesized from Limestone Precipitate Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Bikharudin Ahmad , Sutarno Sutarno , Kamiya Yuichi , Nuryono Nuryono
Published: May 2021

This study reports the preparation of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) using precipitate calcium carbonate (PCC) by sol-gel method at various thermal treatments 900, 1100, and 1300 °C. The composition of WMTA included PCC (55% CaO), C6H16O3Si-TEOS (21% SiO2), Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O (2% Al2O3), and Bi2O3. WMTA 1100 with the highest purity was proven by the presence of C3S, C3A, and α-Bi2O3 phase in X-ray diffraction patterns. Results show that based on the SEM image WMTA 1100 formed a smaller crystal agglomeration (6-8 µm) and FTIR analysis found Bi-O (BiO3) vibration in Bi2O3 at 1100 and 950 cm-1, a characteristic of the β-C2S phase. The radiopacity value of WMTA 1100 resembles ProRoot MTA, namely 6.86±0.36 millimeters of aluminum (mm Al). WMTA 1100 gives the highest compressive strength, smallest solubility, highest pH, and calcium levels in comparison to WMTA 900 and WMTA 1300.
Effect of TiOx and TiO2 Layer on the Photovoltaic Property of BiOI Films
Authors: Putri Anissa Adiwena , Abuelwafa Amr Attia , Kato Shinya , Kishi Naoki , Soga Tetsuo
Published: May 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of mesoporous and compact layers, like TiO2 and TiOx on the photovoltaic performance of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) films. BiOI thin films were prepared using the spin-coating method for 10 cycles onto FTO glass, FTO/TiOx, FTO/TiO2, and a combination of FTO/TiOx-TiO2 layer. Then, the resulted films were characterized on their optical, structural, and photovoltaic properties. By adding the TiOx or TiO2 layer into the cell, it resulted in the shifting of UV-Visible absorbance to a longer wavelength. On the structural property analysis, Raman spectra showed an overlapping peak among TiOx, TiO2, and BiOI films. Moreover, the solar cell was successfully developed using iodine electrolyte and Pt-counter electrode. By the photovoltaic analysis, it was known that the combination of those layers of metal oxide nanomaterials could give a slight improvement on the short-current density and open-circuit voltage of BiOI thin films. Therefore, the overall BiOI photovoltaic parameter was enhanced.
Experimental Study on the Roundness of Silica Sand from Sidrap: Improvement by Means of Abrasion and Measurement Using a Practical New Method
Authors: Pratiwi Wieke , Karim Gaos Abdul , Rachmawati Titi
Published: May 2021

Improving roundness of a local silica sand was conducted by abrasion using a laboratory ball mill having a diameter of about 156 mm with steel milling balls of 2800 g. Abrasion was conducted at a fixed speed of 30 rpm; with various sand loadings of 150, 200, and 250 g; and milling time of 60, 105, and 120 min. Roundness was evaluated based on Wadell equation and topography of particle surface was measured by using a new practical method consisting of a build-in camera in mobile phone and common image processing application. Results of measurement using this new proposed method had been confirmed with roundness reported from two service laboratories. The abrasion could increase the roundness of Sidrap sand from 0.20 to an average of 0.31, while the measured roundness of Ottawa standard sand was about 0.46. Three types of mortar were prepared from Sidrap sands before and after abrasion, as well as Ottawa sand. Compressive strengths of mortar after aging of 28 days were 345, 375, and 333 MPa respectively.
A Deformable Linear Dielectric Elastomer Actuator
Authors: Wiranata Ardi , Maeda Shingo
Published: May 2021

Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is a compact device that consists of stretchable electrodes and elastomers. This device is energy efficient in performance and holds great promise in the development of soft actuators. DEAs performance relies significantly on the mechanical properties of its elastomers. This present study focuses on evaluating the soft material made of Sylgard 184 as the elastomers for DEAs. Sylgard 184 is a silicone elastomer that comes with two main parts (elastomers and its curing agent). A specific mixing ratio between elastomers and curing agent is essential to produce solid and reliable silicone elastomer. The recommended ratio for the elastomer solution was ten parts for the elastomers and one part for the curing agent (10:1). Producing softer elastomers was possible by reducing the curing agent. However, the performance of the material was unknown. We performed a series of cyclic tensile tests to understand the mechanical characteristic of the elastomer made of Sylgard 184. The result shows that reducing the curing agent did not have a significant effect on its cyclic performance. Furthermore, the use of a 30:1 ratio in the application of DEAs and deformable linear actuator indicates stable performance for both devices.
Effects of Curing Time to Engineering Properties of Alkaline Activated Materials Synthesized from Thu Duc Water Plant Waste Sludge, Fly Ash, and Geopolymer Aggregate
Authors: Nguyen Hoc Thang , Nguyen Van Phuc , Do Quang Minh
Published: May 2021

Alkaline activated materials (AAM) are products of the reactions among activity oxides in high alkaline condition. AAM has many outstanding properties compared to other groups of similar materials. They are applied in many different fields such as construction materials, thermal insulation materials, refractory materials, catalytic materials, and adsorbents in environmental treatment. More importantly, AAMs are fabricated from raw materials of industrial solid waste such as fly ash, bottom ash, rice husk ash, red sludge, water plant waste sludge, blast furnace slag, and others. There are different synthesis and curing methods used to produce AAM. This study used the waste sludge of Thu Duc water plant mixed with fly ash, sand, geopolymer aggregate in alkaline solution prepared from water glass solution and NaOH to fabricate AAM. AAM products were then tested for engineering properties known as compressive strength, volumetric weight, water absorption, pH value, water content, and softening coefficient during various curing times of 1, 3, 7, 28, and 90 days.
Allylamine-Conjugated Polyacrylic Acid and Gold Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Detection of Bacteria
Authors: Wikantyasning Erindyah Retno , Kalsum Ummi , Nurfiani Suharti , Da'i Muhammad , Cholisoh Zakky
Published: May 2021

The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to the pharmaceutical compound could be a very important issue for public health. A sensitive, fast and accurate approaches for bacteria detection are going to be needed to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. This study aimed to develop a colorimetric sensor based on allylamine-conjugated polyacrylic acid and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs- AAm-PAA) for bacteria detection. Allylamine was conjugated to the polyacrylic acid and mixed with the gold colloid to form a self-assembled AuNPs-AAm-PAA. The polymer-modified gold nanoparticles were characterized for the particle size, zeta potential, reversibility using TEM, particle size analyzer, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The system was observed to detect bacteria and observed by the naked eye, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and TEM. The results showed that AuNPs-PAA-AAm solution showed an absorbance peak at 530 nm, AuNPs particle size of 25.67 nm ± 2.68, and zeta potential -31.4 ± 4.5 mV. Introduction of bacteria into the Au-AAm-PAA solution resulted in a color change from red to purple at concentrations of 6x108 CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. TEM analysis revealed the binding of aggregated gold nanoparticles around the outer membrane of bacteria. The sensor system based on conjugated polymer and gold nanoparticles demonstrated a promising way for bacteria detection.
Characterization and Reduction Behavior of Carbonized Ore Prepared by Iron Ore Immersion in Tar Derived from Biomass Pyrolysis
Authors: Zulkania Ariany , Adi Febrananda Brian , Sri Laude Rahemas , Dewi Mella Melati Artha , Chafidz Achmad
Published: May 2021

The provision of carbon reducing agents for the direct reduction process of iron ore is carried out by immersing the iron ore in a tar solution and then proceeding with the pyrolysis/ carbonization process to obtain carbon deposits on the surface of the iron ore. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characterization and reduction behavior of Fe compounds resulting from impregnation and carbonization processes. In this study, iron ore is immersed in the pine flower tar with immersion time varying from 0 - 12 hours and a fixed ratio of tar / ore 1: 1. The soaking mixture is then carbonized in a vertical tube reactor covered by furnace with N2 gas flowed during the carbonization/pyrolysis process. The carbonization runs with a temperature variation of 450-550°C, for 1 hour, and a heating rate of 10°C/min. From SEM-EDX-Mapping result shows that the immersion method in tar followed by carbonization caused the carbon content in iron ore to increase by 86.68% in a 1: 1 tar/ore ratio, the impregnating time of 6 hours, and a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C. Effect of impregnation duration evidence that immersion times of 6 and 12 hours are sufficient to produce the magnetite phase after the carbonization process. Furthermore, the 6 hours’ duration provides a more optimal peak intensity. Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the carbonization process shows that 450°C is the optimal temperature to obtain the magnetite phase in the carbonized ore.
The Effect of Water Content on Particle Characterization of Bamboo Charcoal Resulted from Ball Milling
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Hermawan Noor Rahmad Tri , Riyadi Tri Widodo Besar , Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Wijianto Wijianto
Published: May 2021

The objective of this research is to study the effect of water content on particle characterization and agglomeration of bamboo charcoal resulted from ball milling process. The characterization is determined by the particle size and the morphology of the particle. The milling was performed in cylinder vial of stainless steel. The element of milling is steel balls. The dimension of the cylinder vial was 120 mm length and 1-inch diameter, while the ball diameter was 5/32 inch. The charcoal resulted from pyrolysis was milled manually then strained with a filter size of 200 meshes. The particles passing the strainer were washed in water and then dried to obtain 25%, 28%, 32% and 35% water content. Then they were put together with the milling balls into cylinder vial. There were four vials with a water content of 25%, 28%, 32% and 35% respectively for milling process. Every vial contained 11 grams of bamboo charcoal and approximately 299 grams of steel balls. It represents 1/3 of vial volume for charcoal, 1/3 of vial volume for ball and 1/3 of vial volume for empty space. Two type tests were conducted. The first test was to run the milling machine at 700 rpm for 2 million cycles and the second test was to run the milling machine at 1000 rpm for 3 million cycles. Particulate characterization was done by a particle size analyzer (PSA), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The results showed that the water content does not have any influenced to the particle size. For the both test the particle sizes are in the range of 100 nm or less to more than 1 μm. However, the second test produces smaller particles and a higher number of smaller particles due to higher impact energy and longer milling time. The two tests inform that agglomeration does not happen by having wet milling. The dominant element of the bamboo charcoal is carbon with more than 90% in number.
Cesium Tungstophosphoric Acid Supported on Fly Ash: The Solid Catalyst for Esterification of Eugenol with Acetic Acid
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Agus Fertaria Utama , Safitri Diana
Published: May 2021

Eugenyl acetate is used in various industries including the pharmaceutical industry, the food and beverage industry, the vegetable pesticide industry, as well as a bio-additive fuel. Eugenyl acetate can be obtained synthetically by esterification of eugenol and acetic acid using an acid catalyst. The purpose of this study was to examine the heterogeneous catalyst CsTPA supported by fly ash for the esterification reaction of eugenol to eugenyl acetate. CsTPA was prepared at the impregnation time (4,8, and 12 hours) and the calcination temperature (300, 400 and 500°C). Calcination temperature and impregnation time have little effect on the catalytic structure, except on the porosity of the solid catalyst. The catalytic activity was conducted by synthesizing eugenyl acetate. The conversion results for eugenyl acetate were not substantially different at about 75-80 per cent. CSTPA/fly ash tends to be an alternate solid catalyst for eugenyl acetate production.
Effect of Hardening and Tempering on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Tapered-Forged Leaf Spring Steel
Authors: Hariningsih Hariningsih , Riyadi Tri Widodo Besar
Published: May 2021

The sharp side of a steel axe is often broken. This part is usually forged into a tapered shape until the front edge is thin and sharp. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tempering on the structure and hardness of a steel axe made of AISI 5160 leaf spring steel which has undergone a forging and hardening process. The as-received samples were obtained from a commercial market after undergoing a forging process to reduce their thickness from 10 mm to 5.5 mm in the base part and 1 mm in the front edge part. The hardening process was carried out by heating the samples at a temperature of 850 °C followed by rapid cooling in an isorapid oil. The samples were then tempered with tempering temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C. The hardness of the tempered samples was evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester in three different locations; the base, the middle, and the front edge of the tapered samples. To analyze the property change, the microstructure of the tempered samples was observed using SEM and EDS. The result showed that the hardness of the samples decreased with the increase in tempering temperature. The hardness of the front edge was higher than that of the middle and base part of the tempered samples. The faster cooling rate inside the thinner part was responsible for the higher hardness. The microstructure showed that the martensitic structure that emerged after the hardening process turned into fine tempered martensitic and secondary carbides. The size and amount of carbides increased with increasing tempering temperature
Effect of Al Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the SHS Product of Ni-Al-TiO2 Mixtures
Authors: Riyadi Tri Widodo Besar , Masruri Thohir , Mujiyono Mujiyono , Nurhadiyanto Didik , Mukhammad Alaya Fadllu Hadi , Veza Ibham
Published: May 2021

Intermetallics have attracted much interest in the high-temperature application. The Self-propagation High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process offers an effective route to synthesize the intermetallic materials. However, an excessive composition of the SHS reactant can affect the structure and properties of the synthesized product. In this work, the SHS process was used to synthesize the mixture of Ni, Al, and TiO2 with different Al additions. The structure and properties of the product were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD tests. The mechanical properties of the product were evaluated by a Vickers microhardness test. The result shows that several intermetallic phases such as NiAl, TiNi, and TiAl were formed in the synthesized product. The formation of oxide appeared in the product due to the product reaction as well as the air environment. An increased Al addition resulted in decreased pores and increased hardness. The addition of 1.11 wt.% Al achieved the maximum hardness of the product. However, cracks were observed in the sample with the highest hardness. Excessive addition of Al decreased the hardness.
Increased Hardness and Wear Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium by a Plasma Nitrocarburizing
Authors: Darmawan Agung Setyo , Suprapto Suprapto , Sujitno Tjipto , Putra Dicky Efendi Surya , Pangestu Ridhwan Rafi
Published: May 2021

The tribological properties of commercially pure titanium need to be improved when applied as a friction component. This research investigated the effect of plasma nitrocarburizing process on the hardness and wear resistance of commercially pure titanium. The plasma nitrocarburizing process was carried out with a ratio of the composition of N2 gas and CH4 gas of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Metallographic test by scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe phase modifications on the surface of the material. Compounds formed in a thin layer on the surface of the commercially pure titanium were observed by X-Ray Diffraction testing. Furthermore, Vickers hardness and wear testing were carried out to determine the effect of the plasma nitrocarburizing process. The results showed an increase in hardness and wear resistance. The surface hardness of the untreated commercially pure titanium was 105.75 VHN and increased to 156.76, 211.12 and 236.32 VHN after the plasma nitrocarburizing process was carried out with a ratio of N2 gas and CH4 gas composition of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. The reduction in specific wear rate was experienced by commercially pure titanium. The specific wear rate of the untreated commercially pure titanium was 4.468E-8 mm2/kg. The plasma nitrocarburizing process, which was carried out with a ratio of N2 gas and CH4 gas composition of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, reduced the specific wear rate to 2.812E-8, 1.176E-8 and 6.14E-9 mm2/kg, respectively.
Enhancement for Mechanical Properties of Green Composites Using Treated Yellow Bamboo
Authors: Nguyen Thuc Boi Huyen , Nguyen Hoc Thang
Published: May 2021

Bamboo is a natural material with a very light density compared to steel. The bamboo can replace steel to reinforce concrete or composite materials in construction. In this study, the bamboo was treated by chemical process through two steps: (1) NaOH and Na2SO3 mixture, (2) H2O2 solution. The results showed that the color of the extract and the lignin content were significantly influenced by the extraction time and the concentration of chemicals used. Similarly, in terms of the mechanical properties of the epoxy-based green composite material, there was an improvement on the values of flexural and compressive strength for the composite reinforced the treated bamboo. Research results show the potential applications of bamboo to gradually replace fiberglass in green structures, safe for humans and environmentally friendly.
Analysis of the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) from Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) Reinforced Volcanic Stone
Authors: Setiyawan Khanif , Sugiantoro Bambang , Prabowo Nugrah Rekto
Published: May 2021

The formation of Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) based on mineral stones reinforced with Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) using the Squeze Casting Method was carried out to obtain an increase in surface hardness, while the inner side of the elongation remained high. Based on SEM-EDX testing, it is known that the crystalline form of igneous rock and SiO2 is tapered, with large and small variations, CNTs with fine crystalline structures, which can bind well to specimen formation. The results of bending and hardness tests showed that dimensional variations, the aggregate ratio with resin and the addition of CNT and SiO2 reinforcement had the highest hardness 89.55 HD (Hardness of durometer), mixing of silica sand – vulkanic sand had the highest bending strength of 18.7 MPa, the lowest is a mixture of granite-sand of Merapi at 11.63 MPa. The variation of silica sand – volcanic sand has the highest bending strength, the lowest is the mixing of granite-volcanic sand.