bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Tsunami Waveform Catalogs With Kinematic Constraints
Authors: Baptista Maria Ana , Miranda Jorge Miguel , Matias Luis , Omira Rachid
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In this study we present a comprehensive methodology to produce a synthetic tsunami waveform catalogue in the North East Atlantic, east of the Azores islands. The method uses a synthetic earthquake catalogue compatible with plate kinematic constraints of the area. We use it to assess the tsunami hazard from the transcurrent boundary located between Iberia and the Azores, which western part is known as Gloria Fault. This study focuses only on earthquake-generated tsunamis. Moreover, we assume that the time and space distribution of the seismic events is known. To do this, we compute a synthetic earthquake catalogue including all fault parameters needed to characterise the seafloor deformation covering the time span of 20 kyr, which we consider long enough to ensure the representability of earthquake generation on this segment of the plate boundary. The computed time and space rupture distribution are made compatible with global kinematic plate models. We use tsunami Empirical Green Functions (EGF) to efficiently compute the synthetic tsunami waveforms for the dataset of coastal locations, thus providing the basis for tsunami impact characterization. We present the results in the form of offshore wave heights for all coastal points in the dataset. Our results focus the North East Atlantic basin showing that earthquake-induced tsunamis in the transcurrent segment of the Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary pose a minor threat to coastal areas north of Portugal and beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. However, in Morocco, Azores, and Madeira islands we can expect wave heights between 0.6 m and 0.8 m requiring the evacuation of coastal areas. The advantages of the method are its easy application to other regions and the low computation effort needed.
Flood loss modelling with FLF-IT: A new Flood Loss Function for Italian residential structures
Authors: Hasanzadeh Nafari Roozbeh , Amadio Mattia , Ngo Tuan , Mysiak Jaroslav
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The damage triggered by different flood events costs the Italian economy millions of dollars each year. This cost is likely to increase in the future due to climate variability and economic development. In order to avoid or reduce such significant financial losses, risk management requires tools which can provide a reliable estimate of potential flood impacts across the country. Flood loss functions are an internationally accepted method for estimating physical flood damage in urban areas. In this study, we derived a new Flood Loss Function for Italian residential structures (FLF-IT), on the basis of empirical damage data collected from a recent flood event in the region of Emilia–Romagna. The function was developed based on a new Australian approach (FLFA), which represents the confidence limits that exist around the parameterized functional depth–damage relationship. After model calibration, the performance of the model was also validated for the prediction of loss ratios and absolute damage values. In this regard, a three-fold cross-validation procedure was carried out over the empirical sample to measure the range of uncertainty from the actual damage data. The validation procedure shows that the newly derived function performs well (no bias and only 10 % mean absolute error). Results of these validation tests illustrate the importance of model calibration. The advantages of the FLF-IT model over other Italian models include calibration with empirical data; consideration of the epistemic uncertainty of data; and the ability to change parameters based on building practices across Italy.
THÉRÈSE, GUERREIRA DA SAGRADA FACE
Authors: Costa Martins Silva Karla Lidiane
Published: March 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a relação entre o sagrado e a arte na pesquisa encampada pela artista-pesquisadora Karla Lidiane Costa Martins Silva, acerca do mito Santa Teresa do Menino Jesus e da Sagrada Face, em andamento, no Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu - Mestrado, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN. Da busca pela experiência com o divino para além dos muros do convento a que frequentava, a autora encontra no teatro um solo fértil para uma alquimia entre as forças do sagrado e a arte, recriando-as e articulando-as. Lança mão da Mitodologia em Arte, “que consiste num complexo de procedimentos de cunhos ritualísticos e míticos, que estimulam a eclosão de pulsões pessoais dos artistas, aperfeiçoando o pluralismo das imagens colhidas nas experiências ditas artetnográficas” (LYRA, 2014), um conceito / prática desenvolvido pela Prof.ª PhD Luciana Lyra (UERJ), que em si trafega pela Antropologia da Experiência (Antropologia da Performance), do antropólogo Victor Turner, e à Antropologia do Imaginário, do sociólogo Gilbert Durand.
GESTÃO EM ARTE E CULTURA: APRESENTAÇÃO DE UM PROJETO, FERRAMENTAS E METODOLOGIAS, DESDOBRAMENTOS
Authors: Noronha Marcio Pizarro
Published: March 2017

Artigo de apresentação do projeto financiado pelo Fundo Estadual denominado Gestão em Arte e Cultura. Analisa e articula diferentes artigos e pontos de vista e apresenta aspectos de uma metodologia de investigação para o campo da gestão em artes.
O Ator na Cena Cômica: Aproximações Entre a Teoria Bergsoniana do Riso e a Prática Cênica
Authors: Souza Henrique Bezerra de
Published: March 2017

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão da teoria bergsoniana do riso, buscando analisar implicações de suas aproximações com a prática cênica. Para tanto, tem como eixo central a teoria do mecânico colado no vivo de Henri Bergson na tentativa de utilizá-la como disparadora para proposições cênicas e cômicas no ofício do ator. Por fim, ao confrontar tais aproximações com os estudos de pesquisadores teatrais, aponta algumas restrições que o pensamento bergsoniano sobre o riso apresenta quando angulado sob a prática cênica.
Iluminação e Espacialidade em Adolphe Appia
Authors: Júnior José de Oliveira
Published: March 2017

RESUMOO presente trabalho intitulado: Iluminação e Espacialidade em Adolphe Appia se propõe fazer uma abordagem histórica e bibliográfica sobre as contribuições do referido teórico para a transformação do espaço cênico teatral a partir de uma reformulação cenográfica que tem como elementos formadores a iluminação e a espacialidade cênica. Contribuições estas inspiradas na encenação do drama Wagneriano e na Ginástica Rítmica. A pesquisa faz uma breve exposição histórica sobre as práticas teóricas de Richard Wagner e Jaques-Dalcroze, visto serem estas duas personagens de suma importância para o trabalho teórico desenvolvido por Appia. Feitas a correlações pertinentes entre os teóricos abordados, dedicou-se às proposituras teóricas de Adolphe Appia acerca da reformulação do espaço cenográfico teatral, expondo os elementos constituintes de sua proposta a partir da análise de sua obra: A Obra de Arte Viva; trazida à cena teatral no início do século XX.Palavras-Chave: Appia, Iluminação, Espacialidade, Ginástica Rítmica, Obra de Arte Total. ABSTRACTThe following work is entitled: Lighting and spatiality in Adolphe Appia. It aims to make a historical and bibliographical approach about the contributions of his work to the transformation of theatrical scenic scene. For that reason, the analyses here were done from a scenic makeover that has as forming elements the lighting and spatiality scenic. These contributions were inspired by Wagnerian`s drama staging and Rhythmic Gymnastics. However, this research is a brief historical exhibition on the life and theoretical practices of Richard Wagner and JaquesDalcroze, once these two characters are crucial to the theoretical work of Appia. Therefore, after discussing the relevant correlations between the authors approaches I discuss the theoretical suggestions of Adolphe Appia about reshaping theatrical scenic space, exposing the elements of its proposal by analyzing his work: The Work of Living Art; brought to the theater scene in the early twentieth century.Keywords: Appia, Lighting, Spaciality, Rhythmic Gymnastics, Total Art Work.
A dupla cômica de palhaços: parceria de jogo, operação de funções e princípios da arte clownesca
Authors: Olendzki Luciane Campos
Published: March 2017

Primeiramente, apresentamos informações históricas sobre a dupla clássica de palhaços surgida no circo moderno europeu (Clown Branco e Augusto), abordando traços e qualidades que configuram esta dupla. Com isso, buscamos evidenciar determinadas funções e operações da dupla clássica para o desenvolvimento da contracenação, do jogo cômico e da cena clownesca, para além da fixação em modelos ou tipos dados. Logo, abordamos alguns exemplares de diversas (re)configurações e formas de duplas cômicas presentes na cena da palhaçaria contemporânea, realizando articulações com princípios operacionais da dupla Branco e Augusto. Por fim, buscamos associações entre princípios operacionais da dupla clássica e da própria poética clownesca.
Evaluation of and Research on the Effectiveness of Social Think Tanks – A Case of Center for China & Globalization (CCG)
Authors: Xu Pan
Published: March 2017

Social think tanks are an important part of the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics and their effectiveness is an important influencing factor of the competitiveness of China’s think tanks. The paper firstly analyzes the current situation of research on the problems relating to China’s social think tanks, then constructs social think tank effectiveness evaluation indicator system from the four aspects of management effectiveness, influence effectiveness, diversity effectiveness and innovation effectiveness, lastly, it evaluates and analysis the effectiveness of Center for China & Globalization (CCG) as an example, and offers the countermeasures and suggestions for improving its effectiveness.
Correlates of keeping post-discharge appointments at a transitional care center: Implications for medical care disparities
Authors: Carretta Henry , Tingir Seyfullah , Pappas Cara , Ai Amy L.
Published: March 2017

Objective: Over the past decade, transitional care (TC) programs have demonstrated initial benefits for decreased care costs, reduced rehospitalizations and emergency department visits via care coordination team activities. Patients who completed their TC follow-up appointment subsequently have less frequent ER visits. The current study addressed correlates of missed appointments in a sample of under-investigated, mostly vulnerable (e.g., middle-aged, uninsured) patients.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of an appointment database for patients enrolled at a major transition center during the first three years since its establishment in Northern Florida. Patients (n = 2,146) were referred to a Transitional Care Center (TCC) from a regional medical center after discharge. The type of insurance and demographic characteristics of the patients was used to predict missed appointments.Results: Logistic regression analyses indicated that privately insured patients were more likely and Black publicly and privately insured patients were less likely to keep first appointments. No effect on keeping appointments was seen for uninsured patients.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an appointment referral is a necessary but not sufficient step for the accomplishment of TC goals. Medical teams need to collaborate with other health professionals, such as social workers, to identify the barriers to keeping appointments and ensure effective solutions for achieving the goal of preventing future ER visits and rehospitalization.
Família e nomeação na contemporaneidade: uma reflexão psicanalítica
Authors: Rodriguez Brunella Carla , Gomes Isabel Cristina , De Oliveira Danielly Passos
Published: March 2017

O artigo pretende realizar uma reflexão acerca das novas formas de família na contemporaneidade e as possibilidades de nomeação destas, examinando as transformações de ordem simbólica nos sistemas de nomeação, filiação e relação entre os sexos. Tomando-se como base as teorias de Butler acerca das questões de gênero aliadas ao referencial psicanalítico vincular, põem-se em discussão os pontos de ruptura da norma, os momentos em que o ininteligível exige um nome para si, como uma afirmação da legitimidade da própria existência dos sujeitos. Por meio da análise de uma entrevista, com uma família homoparental masculina por adoção, são levantadas questões acerca dos lugares ocupados na família, do sistema de nomeação desta e de suas implicações vinculares, como efeito da ruptura da norma heterocêntrica. Tem-se assim a explicitação dos efeitos das reinvenções de gênero atrelados ao reconhecimento da alteridade dos sujeitos na relação conjugal e parental.
Investigating Factors that Contribute to Effective Teaching-Learning Practices: EFL/ESL Classroom Context
Authors: Islam Rukaia
Published: March 2017

This paper seeks to address some key issues, which can influence as well as determine the nature of teaching and learning practices in an ELT classroom directly or indirectly. This paper views an EFL or ESL classroom as a dynamic and multi-dimensional platform open to different interpretations of teaching and learning. Factors like teachers’ beliefs, teacher talk, teachers’ questioning, diversity and complexity of ELT classroom, classroom values and individual learner differences require thoughtful attention irrespective of teaching methods and approaches. However, these issues are not straight forward, rather inherent in the activities related to classroom interaction and management and demand proper conceptualization by teachers, ELT practitioners and researchers.
Student-Teachers’ Beliefs on the Use of L1 in EFL Classroom: A Global Perspective
Authors: Shabir Muhammad
Published: March 2017

This study examines the English language student-teachers’ beliefs about the use of L1 in EFL classroom across the world in the context of ongoing debate among researchers and practitioners whether or not L1 should be used to teach English in ESL or EFL context. This research investigates the opinion of teachers and their reflection upon their students’ demands in the Master of Applied Linguistics program at University of Queensland, Australia. These participants have different contexts of teaching English in their home countries. To collect data, four point Likert scale questionnaire was used. Data after calculations and analysis is presented in the table and discussed. Results indicate that the limited use of L1 is not unnecessary and has positive effects in certain activities.
Effectiveness of Using Flipped Classroom Strategy in Academic Achievement and Self-Efficacy among Education Students of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
Authors: AlJaser Afaf Mohammed
Published: March 2017

The present study is an attempt to measure the effectiveness of using flipped classroom strategy in academic achievement and self-efficacy among female students of College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Saudi Arabia. The study adopted the experimental method based on the two experimental and control groups, where the experimental group was taught through flipped classroom strategy, while the control group taught in the traditional way. Two tools were applied in this study: (Achievement Test and Self-Efficacy Scale). The sample consisted of two groups: one group is experimental and the other is control, both studying the course of (Classroom Management) in the first semester for the academic year 2016/2017. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post achievement test, as well as having a positive correlation between the students’ post achievement test and their attitudes towards self-efficacy scale; indicating that the more scores the students get in achievement test, the more self-efficacy they have. In the light of the results, some recommendations have been made.
Investigating the Relationship between Tolerance of Ambiguity, Individual Characteristics and Listening Comprehension Ability among Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Moulaei Akbar
Published: March 2017

This study investigated the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity, individual differences and the listening comprehension ability of university students. The study was carried out at Azad University of Ahvaz, Foreign Languages Teaching Centre. It involved 150 MA and BA students in the Faculty of language teaching center in university (78 females, 72 males) with the age range of 18-40. At first the Persian version of the questionnaire of tolerance of ambiguity provided by Ely (1995) was distributed among students of each class. Then the second questionnaire which was listening comprehension one was given to the students to collect the data on the base is of these hypotheses: H01: There is no significant relationship between university students’ tolerance of ambiguity and their listening comprehension ability. H02: Gender has no effect on tolerance of ambiguity of the students. H03: There is no significant relationship between age and student’ tolerance of ambiguity. H04: There is no significant relationship between academic level and students’ tolerance of ambiguity Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and listening comprehension. To answer second hypothesis, independent samples t-test was run. The results showed that gender did not have any significant impact on the students’ ambiguity tolerance. The results one-way ANOVA depicted that there is significant difference between three different age groups (below 25, between 25-29, and above 29) (p<0.05) in terms of tolerance of ambiguity (F=4.291), p=0. 015. And at last, the results of the independent sample t-test showed that there is a significant difference between these two academic levels in tolerance of ambiguity.
Resistance to Noise of Non-linear Observers in Canonical Form Application to a Sludge Activation Model
Authors: Schwaller Benoit , Ensminger Denis , Dresp-Langley Birgitta , Ragot Jose
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to increase the resistance to noise of an observer of a non-linear MISO system transformed into canonical regulation form of order $n$. For this, the principle idea was to add $n$ observers on the output equations of the main observer. By adjusting the time scale of the output observers, the resistance to noise of the final estimates is considerably increased. The proposed method is illustrated by model simulations based on a non-linear Sludge Activation Model (SAM)
On Commutativity of Semiprime Rings with Multiplicative (Generalized)-derivations
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sandhu Gurninder S.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this paper is to explore the commutativity of semiprime rings admitting multiplicative (generalized)-derivations and satisfy certain hypotheses on appropriate subsets.
Efeito agudo de exercícios do método Pilates na ativação dos músculos do tronco de pessoas com e sem dor lombar
Authors: Silveira Aline Prieto de Barros , Nagel Laura Zanforlin , Pereira Dayane Dias , Morita Angela Kazue , Spinoso Deborah Hebling , Navega Marcelo Tavella , Marques Nise Ribeiro
Published: March 2017

Introdução: O método Pilates é indicado para reabilitação de pacientes com dor lombar inespecífica (DLI). Contudo, o efeito deste treinamento no padrão de recrutamento muscular é desconhecido. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito agudo do método Pilates na ativação dos músculos do tronco em indivíduos com e sem DLI. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 18 sujeitos, separados em dois grupos: grupo com DLI e sem DLI. No primeiro dia de coleta, foram obtidos: dados pessoais, medidas antropométricas e familiarização com os exercícios. No segundo dia, foram realizados: teste de elevação do braço, teste de Biering-Sorensen, os exercícios e reavaliação. Foram coletados os sinais eletromiográficos dos músculos: oblíquo interno, multífido lombar, iliocostal lombar e reto abdominal. Resultados: Após o treinamento, o grupo com DLI apresentou, no teste de Biering-Sorensen, maior ativação do iliocostal lombar (p=0,016) e menor ativação do oblíquo interno (p=0,031). Conclusão: Uma sessão do método Pilates foi capaz de alterar o padrão de recrutamento dos músculos do tronco em indivíduos com DLI.
Efeito do tratamento multidisciplinar em adolescentes obesos: um estudo de follow up
Authors: Rocha e Silva Abadia Adenísia , Cunha Heitor Santos , Nunes João Elias Dias , Freitas Zulmária Zulmária Rezende Ramos de , Cheik Nadia Carla
Published: March 2017

Introdução: O tratamento multidisciplinar é um método de controle da obesidade, porém, poucos estudos relatam os efeitos após cessar este tipo de intervenção. Objetivo: Acompanhar adolescentes um e dois anos após a cessação do tratamento multidisciplinar por meio de reavaliações física, metabólica e antropométrica, aplicação de questionários e entrevista semiestruturada para diagnosticar as causas da evasão e alteração do estilo de vida. Resultados: As variáveis físicas, e antropométricas dos adolescentes que concluíram o tratamento se mantiveram por dois anos após a cessação do tratamento. As principais causas de evasão foram necessidade de inserção no mercado de trabalho e ingresso no ensino técnico ou superior. Conclusão: O tratamento multidisciplinar provavelmente causou prevenção de ganho de massa corporal e aumento do IMC e os indivíduos que completaram o tratamento tiveram maiores chances de alterar o estilo de vida.
Avaliação da força muscular extensora do tronco: influência do gênero e do estado de treinamento
Authors: Cardozo Diogo Correia , Alves Hugo , Simão Roberto , Polito Marcos Doederlein
Published: March 2017

Introdução: O fortalecimento dos músculos extensores do tronco é importante para prevenção da lombalgia. Porém, não está estabelecido se um treinamento não específico para esta região é suficiente. Objetivo: comparar a força dos extensores do tronco de sujeitos sedentários e praticantes de treinamento resistido (TR) que não realizavam exercícios específicos para esta região. Métodos: Foram recrutados 105 indivíduos saudáveis, (61 homens e 44 mulheres), com média de idade entre 18 e 44 anos que foram divididos em grupos de treinados e sedentários. Os experientes em TR treinavam exercícios de agachamento ou de desenvolvimento. Os demais sujeitos não possuíam experiência no TR. Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças na força entre homens treinados e sedentários (p=0,002) e entre os gêneros (p=0,0003), não foi observado diferença entre mulheres treinadas e sedentárias (p≥0,05). Conclusão: o TR não específico é suficiente para aumentar a força da região lombar em homens. Entretanto, não é suficiente no público feminino.
Avaliação da modulação autonômica em indivíduos com síndrome de Down na equoterapia
Authors: Bevilacqua Junior Domingos Emanuel , Lopes Laís Lorena de Melo , Accioly Marilita Falangola , Ribeiro Mariane Fernandes , Ferreira Alex Abadio , Teixeira Vicente De Paula Antunes , Espindula Ana Paula
Published: March 2017

Introdução: A equoterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica que atende em grande parte os indivíduos com síndrome de Down, por apresentarem alterações motoras, cognitivas e sócio-afetivas. Sabe-se que as alterações na frequência cardíaca são moduladas pelo Sistema Nervoso Autônomo, entretanto, na literatura não há descrições sobre a Variabilidade de Frequência Cardíaca nestes praticantes, sobretudo na atividade relacionada à equoterapia. Objetivos: Avaliar a Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca de pacientes com Síndrome de Down antes, durante e após sessões de equoterapia. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 6 crianças com Síndrome de Down, idade média 12 ± 1,6 anos. A Frequência Cardíaca foi avaliada com um cardiofrequencímetro - Polar (RS800CX), antes, durante e após 5 sessões semanais. Resultados: Houve tendência a diminuição da atividade parassimpática no repouso inicial entre primeira e quinta sessão; e diminuição significativa da atividade parassimpática observada pelo índice pNN50 ao comparar a Frequência Cardíaca durante a primeira e quinta sessões. Conclusão: O tratamento equoterapêutico apresentou uma tendência à diminuição da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca nas crianças estudadas.
Ultrassom terapêutico para cicatrização de feridas: revisão sistemática
Authors: Korelo Raciele Ivandra Guarda , Fernandes Luiz Claudio
Published: March 2017

Introdução: o uso do ultrassom terapêutico (UST) para cicatrização de feridas ainda é discutido pela comunidade científica. Objetivo: determinar se o UST produz desfechos benéficos na cicatrização de feridas e quais tem sido os parâmetros utilizados para proporcionar melhor dose-resposta. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados PubMEd, SciELO e PEDro. Foram selecionados 19 ensaios clínicos, avaliados pelas escalas PEDro e JADAD. Resultados: dos 19 estudos, 8 relacionaram-se à aplicação do NCLFU (Noncontact Low Frequency Ultrasound) com evidência moderada para sua aplicação, 6 à aplicação do HFU (High Frequency Ultrasound) e 1 à aplicação de LIPUS (Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound), ambos com baixa evidência. Quanto a relação dose-resposta, não há concordância entre os estudos desta revisão. Conclusões: existe evidência moderada da NCLFU e limitada da HFU como recurso adjuvante para o tratamento de feridas, não sendo possível responder com clareza a melhor relação dose-resposta.
Evaluation of relationships, self-evaluation and self-esteem of women’s with histerectomy
Authors: Ilknur Aydin Avci , Birsen A. , Busra A.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the marital relationships, the thoughts about femininity and sexual identity, and the self-evaluation and changes in the self-esteem of women having a hysterectomy operation, during the period of both before and after surgery.
Material and methods: This study was designed according to the principles of the comparative descriptive research carried out between 15 January 2013 – 15 June 2014 at Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The power sample size was determined to be 72. The research included 88 contactable women who were admitted to the clinic at the time of the research, who had agreed to participate in the study, and who lived in the province where the research was conducted (as the final tests were done via home visits). A questionnaire form, the Coopersmith Self Esteem Scale, and the Social Comparison Scale were used in the collection of the data. Descriptive statistics and x2 and Paired t tests were used in the data analysis.
Results: Changes in the self-esteem of women having a hysterectomy were examined before surgery, one week after surgery, and three months after surgery; while there weren’t any changes in self-esteem one week after surgery, a significant decrease in the women’s self-esteem was discovered three months after surgery (p<0.01).
Conclusion: It was discovered that a change in self-evaluation and self-esteem occurs after hysterectomy surgery in women.
Effects of short moderate exercise on hematological parameters and stem cells in healthy humans
Authors: Sochoń K. , Sienkiewicz D. , Okurowska-Zawada B. , Paszko-Patej G. , Wojtkowski J. , Dmitruk E. , Żak J. , Kułak W.
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Exercise at various durations and intensities impact on blood and stem cells. This pilot study examined the effects of 30 minutes of treadmill walking on hematological indices and progenitor stem cells CD34+ in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 17 non-smoking, healthy students, aged 20 to 22 years participated. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, and stem cell CD34+ numbers were assessed before and after moderate exercise. Statistical analyses examined the relationships between CD34+ cells versus hematological indices, age, and body mass index. Results: Following exercise, significant increases were observed in leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD34+ cells numbers. For CD34+ cells, a fourfold increase was seen. Significant correlations between CD34+ cells, white blood cells, and neutrophils were found. Conclusion: Our results suggest that moderate exercise has a physiological impact on hematologic parameters and stem cells CD34+ in healthy subjects. Furthermore, our findings suggest that brief treadmill exercise may enhance tissue repair mechanisms so important in physiotherapy.
North Korea's Juche Myth
Authors: Blinka Jan
Published: March 2017

Myers, Brian R. (2015). North Korea's Juche Myth. Busan: Sthele Press, 300 pages.
Comparison of Amikacin Pharmacokinetics in Neonates Following Implementation of a New Dosage Protocol
Authors: Hughes Kaitlin M. , Johnson Peter N. , Anderson Michael P. , Sekar Kris C. , Welliver Robert C. , Miller Jamie L.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES The primary aim was to compare attainment of goal serum amikacin concentrations using two dosage regimens in patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Secondary objectives included comparison of percentages of supratherapeutic trough concentrations, and subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic peak concentrations.

METHODS This was an Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective study of neonates receiving amikacin during January–December 2013 (group 1) and January–December 2014 (group 2). Group 1 received amikacin dosage consistent with published recommendations, whereas group 2 was dosed using a modified protocol that was based on postmenstrual and postnatal age. Goal serum amikacin peak concentration was defined as 20 to 35 mg/L; hence, subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic peak concentrations were defined as <20 mg/L and >35 mg/L, respectively. Supratherapeutic trough concentrations were >8 mg/L. Between-group analysis was performed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Student t-test or χ2, or Fisher exact analysis as appropriate with a p value <0.05.

RESULTS A total of 278 neonates were included (group 1: n = 144; group 2: n = 134). Most patients were male (60%) and were admitted for prematurity or respiratory distress (77%). The median gestational age in group 1 was 34.4 weeks (range, 30.0–37.9 weeks) versus group 2 at 36.9 weeks (range, 31.4–38.9 weeks), whereas the postnatal age was similar between both groups at 4 days. There was a significant increase in attaining goal peak amikacin concentrations between groups 1 and 2, 34% versus 84%, p < 0.001, and decrease in supratherapeutic peak concentrations, 65% versus 12%, p < 0.001. There was no significant difference in subtherapeutic peak or supratherapeutic trough concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS A modified neonatal amikacin dosage protocol resulted in increased peak amikacin serum concentration compared with published dosage recommendations. Future research should focus on determination of the optimal dosage regimen in neonates.
Vancomycin AUC/MIC and Corresponding Troughs in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Kishk Omayma A. , Lardieri Allison B. , Heil Emily L. , Morgan Jill A.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES Adult guidelines suggest an area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) > 400 corresponds to a vancomycin trough serum concentration of 15 to 20 mg/L for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, but obtaining these troughs in children are difficult. The primary objective of this study was to assess the likelihood that 15 mg/kg of vancomycin every 6 hours in a child achieves an AUC/MIC > 400.

METHODS This retrospective chart review included pediatric patients >2 months to <18 years with a positive S aureus blood culture and documented MIC who received at least two doses of vancomycin with corresponding trough. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 initially receiving ≥15 mg/kg every 6 hours, and group 2 initially receiving any other dosing ranges or intervals. AUCs were calculated four times using three pharmacokinetic methods.

RESULTS A total of 36 patients with 99 vancomycin trough serum concentrations were assessed. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. For troughs in group 1 (n = 55), the probability of achieving an AUC/MIC > 400 ranged from 16.4% to 90.9% with a median trough concentration of 11.4 mg/L, while in group 2 (n = 44) the probability of achieving AUC/MIC > 400 ranged from 15.9% to 54.5% with mean trough concentration of 9.2 mg/L. The AUC/MICs were not similar between the different pharmacokinetic methods used; however, a trapezoidal equation (Method A) yielded the highest correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.59). When dosing every 6 hours, an AUC/MIC of 400 correlated to a trough serum concentration of 11 mg/L.

CONCLUSIONS The probability of achieving an AUC/MIC > 400 using only a trough serum concentration and an MIC with patients receiving 15 mg/kg every 6 hours is variable based on the method used to calculate the AUC. An AUC/MIC of 400 in children correlated to a trough concentration of 11 mg/L using a trapezoidal Method to calculate AUC.
A Comprehensive List of Items to be Included on a Pediatric Drug Monograph
Authors: Kelly Lauren E. , Ito Shinya , Woods David , Nunn Anthony J. , Taketomo Carol , de Hoog Matthijs , Offringa Martin
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES Children require special considerations for drug prescribing. Drug information summarized in a formulary containing drug monographs is essential for safe and effective prescribing. Currently, little is known about the information needs of those who prescribe and administer medicines to children. Our primary objective was to identify a list of important and relevant items to be included in a pediatric drug monograph.

METHODS Following the establishment of an expert steering committee and an environmental scan of adult and pediatric formulary monograph items, 46 participants from 25 countries were invited to complete a 2-round Delphi survey. Questions regarding source of prescribing information and importance of items were recorded. An international consensus meeting to vote on and finalize the items list with the steering committee followed.

RESULTS Pediatric formularies are most commonly the first resource consulted for information on medication used in children by 31 Delphi participants. After the Delphi rounds, 116 items were identified to be included in a comprehensive pediatric drug monograph, including general information, adverse drug reactions, dosages, precautions, drug-drug interactions, formulation, and drug properties.

CONCLUSIONS Health care providers identified 116 monograph items as important for prescribing medicines for children by an international consensus-based process. This information will assist in setting standards for the creation of new pediatric drug monographs for international application and for those involved in pediatric formulary development.
Pharmacokinetics of Peramivir in an Adolescent Patient Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Dillon Ryan C. , Witcher Robert , Cies Jeffrey J. , Moore Wayne S. , Chopra Arun
Published: March 2017

Critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy commonly experience pharmacokinetic alterations. This case report describes the pharmacokinetics of peramivir (Rapivab, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Durham, NC), the first US Food and Drug Administration–approved intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of influenza, in an adolescent patient receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A 49.5-kg, 17-year-old Caucasian female presented with fever, cough, and persistent hypoxia. She quickly progressed to acute respiratory and renal failure in the setting of viral septic shock as a result of a severe influenza H1N1 infection. On hospital day 3, therapy was switched from oseltamivir (Tamiflu, Roche Laboratories Inc, Nutley, NJ) to peramivir owing to the concern for inadequate enteral absorption. On the third day of peramivir treatment, at a dose of 200 mg daily, peramivir serum concentrations revealed a smaller peak concentration, larger volumes of distribution, similar 24-hour area under the curve, and a shorter half-life as compared to adult patients with normal renal function. This illustrated the significant differences in pharmacokinetics when administered in the setting of CRRT. The patient had resolution of viral infection as evidenced by negative respiratory viral panel polymerase chain reaction at hospital day 14 and was eventually discharged at her baseline.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Continuous Infusion Doripenem in a Pediatric Patient on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , Moore Wayne S. , Conley Susan B. , Shea Paul , Enache Adela , Chopra Arun
Published: March 2017

An 11-year-old African American male with severe combined immunodeficiency variant, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, pancreatic insufficiency, chronic mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, chronic sinusitis, and malnutrition presented with a 1-week history of fevers. He subsequently developed respiratory decompensation and cefepime was discontinued and doripenem was initiated. Doripenem was the carbapenem used due to a national shortage of meropenem. By day 7 the patient (24.7 kg) had a positive fluid balance of 6925 mL (28% FO), and on days 7 into 8 developed acute kidney injury evidenced by an elevated serum creatinine of 0.68 mg/dL, an increase from the baseline of 0.28 mg/dL. On day 9, the patient was initiated on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the doripenem dosing was changed to a continuous infusion of 2.5 mg/kg/hr (60 mg/kg/day). Approximately 12.5 hours after the start of the doripenem a serum concentration was obtained, which was 4.01 mg/L corresponding to a clearance of 10.5 mL/min/kg. The pediatric dosing and pharmacokinetic data available for doripenem suggest a clearance estimate of 4.4 to 4.8 mL/min/kg, and the adult clearance estimate is 2.4 to 3.78 mL/min/kg. The calculated clearance in our patient of 10.5 mL/min/kg is over double the highest clearance estimate in the pediatric literature. This case demonstrates that doripenem clearance is significantly increased with CRRT in comparison with the published pediatric and adult data. An appropriate pharmacodynamic outcome (time that free drug concentration > minimum inhibitory concentration) can be achieved by continuous infusion doripenem with concurrent therapeutic drug monitoring.
Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs
Authors: Nichols Kristen , Stoffella Sylvia , Meyers Rachel , Girotto Jennifer ,   on behalf of the Advocacy Committee for the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group
Published: March 2017

The frequent use of antimicrobials in pediatric patients has led to a significant increase in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections among children. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been created in many hospitals in an effort to curtail and optimize the use of antibiotics. Pediatric-focused programs are necessary because of the differences in antimicrobial need and use among this patient population, unique considerations and dosing, vulnerability for resistance due to a lifetime of antibiotic exposure, and the increased risk of adverse events. This paper serves as a position statement of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) who supports the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for all pediatric patients. PPAG also believes that a pediatric pharmacy specialist should be included as part of that program and that services be covered by managed care organizations and government insurance entities. PPAG also recommends that states create legislation similar to that in existence in California and Missouri and that a federal Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria be permanently established. PPAG also supports post-doctoral pharmacy training programs in antibiotic stewardship.
Medication Dosage in Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Matson Kelly L. , Horton Evan R. , Capino Amanda C. ,   on behalf of the Advocacy Committee for the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group
Published: March 2017

Approximately 31.8% of U.S. children ages 2 to 19 years are considered overweight or obese. This creates significant challenges to dosing medications that are primarily weight based (mg/kg) and in predicting pharmacokinetics parameters in pediatric patients. Obese individuals generally have a larger volume of distribution for lipophilic medications. Conversely, the Vd of hydrophilic medications may be increased or decreased due to increased lean body mass, blood volume, and decrease percentage of total body water. They may also experience decreased hepatic clearance secondary to fatty infiltrates of the liver. Hence, obesity may affect loading dose, dosage interval, plasma half-life, and time to reach steady-state concentration for various medications. Weight-based dosing is also a cause for potential medication errors. This position statement of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group recommends that weight-based dosing should be used in patients ages < 18 years who are < 40 kg; weight-based dosing should be used in patients ≥ 40 kg, unless, unless the recommended adult dose for the specific indication is exceeded; clinicians should use pharmacokinetic analysis for adjusting medications in overweight/obese children; and research efforts continue to evaluate dosing of medications in obese/overweight children.
Standards for security categorization of federal information and information systems
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this document is to provide a standard for categorizing federal information and information systems according to an agency's level of concern for confidentiality, integrity, and availability and the potential impact on agency assets and operations should their information and information systems be compromised through unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
Réalité, enjeux et défis de la pratique du développement communautaire auprès des communautés francophones en situation minoritaire
Authors: Savard Sébastien , Charbonneau Dominique
Published: March 2017

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche réalisée par l’entremise d’entrevues semidirigées auprès de neuf intervenantes et intervenants et gestionnaires impliqués dans la réalisation de projets de développement communautaire interpellant les communautés francophones en contexte minoritaire de la région de Champlain, en Ontario. Les résultats, interprétés à la lumière du modèle du capital social, démontrent que les communautés francophones vivent des enjeux qui leur sont propres, tels que l’accès au marché de l’emploi et aux services communautaires en français ainsi que l’adaptation des organismes sociaux et de santé francophones aux nouvelles réalités de la francophonie. Ces enjeux influencent directement la pratique des agentes et agents de développement communautaire qui travaillent avec cette communauté.
Impact of hypoxia on gene expression patterns by the human pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, and bacterial community composition in a North Carolina estuary
Authors: Phippen Britney L. , Oliver James D.
Published: March 2017

Estuarine environments are continuously being shaped by both natural and anthropogenic sources which directly/indirectly influence the organisms that inhabit these important niches on both individual and community levels. Human infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species are continuing to rise, and factors associated with global climate change have been suggested to be impacting their abundance and geographical range. Along with temperature, hypoxia has also increased dramatically in the last 40 years, which has led to persistent dead zones worldwide in areas where these infections are increasing. Thus, utilizing membrane diffusion chambers, we investigated the impact of in situ hypoxia on the gene expression of one such bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus, which is an inhabitant of these vulnerable areas worldwide. By coupling these data with multiple abiotic factors, we were able to demonstrate that genes involved in numerous functions, including those involved in virulence, environmental persistence, and stressosome production, were negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, comparing 16S ribosomal RNA, we found similar overall community compositions during both hypoxia and normoxia. However, unweighted beta diversity analyses revealed that although certain classes of bacteria dominate in both low‐ and high‐oxygen environments, there is the potential for quantitative shifts in lower abundant species, which may be important for effective risk assessment in areas that are becoming increasingly more hypoxic. This study emphasizes the importance of investigating hypoxia as a trigger for gene expression changes by marine Vibrio species and highlights the need for more in depth community analyses during estuarine hypoxia.
How climate model biases skew the distribution of iceberg meltwater
Authors: Wagner Till J. W. , Eisenman Ian
Published: March 2017

The discharge of icebergs into the polar oceans is expected to increase over the coming century, which raises the importance of accurate representations of icebergs in global climate models (GCMs) used for future projections. Here we analyze the prospects for interactive icebergs in GCMs by forcing an iceberg drift and decay model with circulation and temperature fields from (i) state‐of‐the‐art GCM output and (ii) an observational state estimate. The spread of meltwater is found to be smaller for the GCM than for the observational state estimate, despite a substantial high wind bias in the GCM—a bias that is similar to most current GCMs. We argue that this large‐scale reduction in the spread of meltwater occurs primarily due to localized differences in ocean currents, which may be related to the coarseness of the horizontal resolution in the GCM. The high wind bias in the GCM is shown to have relatively little impact on the meltwater distribution, despite Arctic iceberg drift typically being dominated by the wind forcing. We find that this is due to compensating effects between faster drift under stronger winds and larger wind‐driven wave erosion. These results may have implications for future changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation simulated with iceberg‐enabled GCMs.
Erosion of Northern Hemisphere blanket peatlands under 21st‐century climate change
Authors: Li Pengfei , Holden Joseph , Irvine Brian , Mu Xingmin
Published: March 2017

Peatlands are important terrestrial carbon stores particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Many peatlands, such as those in the British Isles, Sweden, and Canada, have undergone increased erosion, resulting in degraded water quality and depleted soil carbon stocks. It is unclear how climate change may impact future peat erosion. Here we use a physically based erosion model (Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment‐PEAT), driven by seven different global climate models (GCMs), to predict fluvial blanket peat erosion in the Northern Hemisphere under 21st‐century climate change. After an initial decline, total hemispheric blanket peat erosion rates are found to increase during 2070–2099 (2080s) compared with the baseline period (1961–1990) for most of the GCMs. Regional erosion variability is high with changes to baseline ranging between −1.27 and +21.63 t ha−1 yr−1 in the 2080s. These responses are driven by effects of temperature (generally more dominant) and precipitation change on weathering processes. Low‐latitude and warm blanket peatlands are at most risk to fluvial erosion under 21st‐century climate change.