bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angiographic and Hemodynamic Features in Asymptomatic Hemispheres of Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Sun Haogeng , Li Wanjiang , Xia Chao , Ren Yutao , Ma Lu , Xiao Anqi , You Chao , Liu Yi , Tian Rui
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

There is also a risk of stroke in the asymptomatic hemispheres of moyamoya disease (MMD), but it does not draw enough attention. The study investigated the differences between the three types of asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD and their associations with the two types of symptomatic hemispheres, respectively.

Methods:

Retrospectively reviewed clinical and imaging characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic hemispheres in consecutive cases of single-center MMD patients, with an emphasis on imaging characterization regarding vascular morphology and cerebral perfusion. MMD hemispheres were categorized into 5 types: hemorrhagic hemispheres, ischemic hemispheres, asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral hemorrhagic MMD, asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral ischemic MMD, and bilateral asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD. Angiographic feature was assessed by Suzuki’s angiographic stage, while hemodynamic feature was assessed by preinfarction period stage.

Results:

One hundred ninety-four MMD patients with 388 hemispheres were enrolled. Asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral hemorrhagic MMD were largely similar to hemorrhagic hemispheres, both had more advanced Suzuki’s angiographic stage and lower degree of hemodynamic failure compared with bilateral asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD and asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral ischemic MMD. Asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral ischemic MMD were similar to ischemic hemispheres, both had less advanced Suzuki’s angiographic stage and higher degree of hemodynamic failure compared with bilateral asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD and asymptomatic hemispheres in unilateral hemorrhagic MMD. Bilateral asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD were different from the other hemispheres and had less advanced Suzuki’s angiographic stage and lower degree of hemodynamic failure.

ConclusionS:

The three types of asymptomatic hemispheres in MMD are defined and have unique angiographic and hemodynamic features. Different combinations of the two features can reflect the tendency of pathological evolution in these different asymptomatic hemispheres.
Do Stay-at-Home Orders Cause People to Stay at Home? Effects of Stay-at-Home Orders on Consumer Behavior
Authors: Alexander Diane , Karger Ezra
Published: September 2021

We link the county-level rollout of stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic to anonymized cell phone records and consumer spending data. We document three patterns. First, stay-at-home orders caused people to stay home: county-level measures of mobility declined 6% to 7% within two days of when the stay-at-home order went into effect. Second, stay-at-home orders caused large reductions in spending in sectors associated with mobility: small businesses and large retail chains. Third, we estimate fairly uniform responses to stay-at-home orders across the country; effects do not vary by county-level income, political leanings, or urban/rural status.
The Rising Cost of Climate Change: Evidence from the Bond Market
Authors: Bauer Michael D. , Rudebusch Glenn D.
Published: September 2021

Social discount rates (SDRs) are crucial for evaluating the costs of climate change. We show that the fundamental anchor for market-based SDRs is the equilibrium or steady-state real interest rate. Empirical interest rate models that allow for shifts in this equilibrium real rate find that it has declined notably since the 1990s, and this decline implies that the entire term structure of SDRs has shifted lower as well. Accounting for this new normal of persistently lower interest rates substantially boosts estimates of the social cost of carbon and supports a climate policy with stronger carbon mitigation strategies.
Social Exclusion and Ethnic Segregation in Schools: The Role of Teachers' Ethnic Prejudice
Authors: Alan Sule , Duysak Enes , Kubilay Elif , Mumcu Ipek
Published: September 2021

Using data on primary school children and their teachers, we show that teachers who hold prejudicial attitudes towards an ethnic group create socially and spatially segregated classrooms. Leveraging a natural experiment where newly arrived refugee children are randomly assigned to teachers within schools, we find that teachers' ethnic prejudice, measured by an implicit association test, significantly lowers the prevalence of interethnic social links, increases homophilic ties among host children, and puts refugee children at a higher risk of peer violence. Our results highlight the role of teachers in achieving integrated schools in a world of increasing ethnic diversity.
From Translating for the World to Translation as the World
Authors: Coleman Tara
Published: September 2021

Grounded in the heterogenous linguistic and cultural landscape of Hong Kong, this article proposes a translational approach to the practice of world cinema, focusing on director Wong Kar-wai, via World Literature and the poetry of Leung Ping-kwan. Wong is a lyrical cinematic stylist, while Leung had a strong scholarly interest in cinema and produced many collaborations with visual artists. Both are highly attuned to the distinctiveness of daily life in Hong Kong despite its infusion of international influences. Moving beyond a model which sees translation as a secondary process carrying a work beyond its local context, I use Sakai Naoki’s concept of the “heterolingual address” to trace how translation becomes foundational to these artists’ engagement with the multilayered space and uneven temporality of Hong Kong.
Between Life and Legend
Authors: Tomasella Claire
Published: September 2021

This article sets out to explore the multiple “senses” in Raoul Peck’s 2016 documentary I Am Not Your Negro from several perspectives. First, it focuses on Peck’s cinematographic ambitions with reference to his social experience of geographic mobility and to his current position in the transnational field of cinema. The making of I Am Not Your Negro, ultimately led the Haitian-born director, with a commitment to producing a critical “auteur cinema” to create a cinematic testament to the opus of James Baldwin, an author in whom he discovered a language for thinking and for deconstructing racialization. This multi-facetted analysis of Peck’s documentary film and its making will enable us to shed light on the form and meaning of the intellectual quest Peck undertakes in his dialogue with Baldwin.
Six new species of spider beetles (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) in the genus Cordielytrum Philips
Authors: WHORRALL KYLE , PHILIPS KEITH
Published: September 2021

Six new species of spider beetle are described from southwestern Peru: Cordielytrum silvae, sp. n., C. inca, sp. n., C. fimbriatum, sp. n., C. obscurum, sp. n., C. adustum, sp. n., and C. globuloides, sp. n. The potential for undescribed diversity in this genus is discussed, as well as the geographic distribution and biology of species.
What if Marie Kondo Wrote an Organizational Change Book? Making Space for Subtractive Change
Authors: Rousseau Denise M.
Published: September 2021

Subtraction neglect is a real problem in our lives and organizations. Additive change, increasing the number of activities, tasks, and goals, is the unrelenting norm. Subtractive change removes things. For people and organizations starved from bandwidth, and change scholars and practitioners seeking new capabilities, subtractive change offers opportunity to make organizational change both kinder to people and more effective. I offer a few ideas for promoting subtractive change in scholarship and practice: the difference between Virtuous Subtraction realizing value and Exploitative Subtraction deflecting burdens on to others; the essential roles of reflective practice, awareness of organizational history, and mindful attention to stakeholders in Virtuous Subtraction; and Anticipatory Subtraction where practices are time-marked with start and/or stop dates to call attention to opportunities for review and updating; and legacy-building practices to respect the value served by subtracted practices.
Do Racial Differences in Coping Resources Explain the Black–White Paradox in Mental Health? A Test of Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Louie Patricia , Upenieks Laura , Erving Christy L. , Thomas Tobin Courtney S.
Published: September 2021

A central paradox in the mental health literature is the tendency for black Americans to report similar or better mental health than white Americans despite experiencing greater stress exposure. However, black Americans’ higher levels of certain coping resources may explain this finding. Using data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (n = 1,186), we examine whether black Americans have higher levels of self-esteem, social support, religious attendance, and divine control than white Americans and whether these resources, in turn, explain the black–white paradox in mental health. In adjusted models, the black–white paradox holds for depressive symptoms and any DSM-IV disorder. Findings indicate that black Americans have higher levels of self-esteem, family social support, and religiosity than white Americans. Causal mediation techniques reveal that self-esteem has the largest effect in explaining black–white differences in depressive symptoms, whereas divine control has the largest effect in explaining differences in disorder.
Home-Tutoring Services Assisted with Technology: Investigating the Role of Artificial Intelligence Using a Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Kim Jun Hyung , Kim Minki , Kwak Do Won , Lee Sol
Published: September 2021

Despite a rising interest in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, research in services marketing has not evaluated its role in helping firms learn about customers’ needs and increasing the adaptability of service employees. Therefore, the authors develop a conceptual framework and investigate whether and to what extent providing AI assistance to service employees improves service outcomes. The randomized controlled trial in the context of tutoring services shows that helping service employees (tutors) adapt to students’ learning needs by providing AI-generated diagnoses significantly improves service outcomes measured by academic performance. However, the authors find that some tutors may not utilize AI assistance (i.e., AI aversion), and factors associated with unforeseen barriers to usage (i.e., technology overload) can moderate its impact on outcomes. Interestingly, tutors who significantly contribute to the firm's revenue relied heavily on AI assistance but unexpectedly benefited little from AI in improving service outcomes. Given the wide applicability of AI assistance in a variety of services marketing contexts, the authors suggest that firms should consider the potential difficulties employees face in using the technology rather than encourage them to use it as it is.
Combatant socialization and norms of restraint: Examining officer training at the US Military Academy and Army ROTC
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: September 2021

Can armed groups socialize combatants to norms of restraint – in essence, train soldiers to adopt norms of international humanitarian law on the battlefield? How can social scientists accurately measure such socialization? Despite being the central focus of organizational and ideational theories of conflict, studies to date have not engaged in systematic, survey-based examination of this central socialization mechanism theorized to influence military conduct.

This study advances scholarly understanding by providing the first comparative, survey-based examination of combatant socialization to norms of restraint, using surveys and interviews with US Army cadets at the US Military Academy (USMA), Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), and active duty Army combatants. Additionally, to better understand ‘restraint’ from combatants’ perspective, this study introduces the concept of the ‘combatant’s trilemma’ under which combatants conceptualize civilian protection as part of a costly trade-off with the values of military advantage and force protection.

Survey results hold both positive and negative implications for socialization to law of war norms: military socialization can shift combatants’ preferences for battlefield conduct. However, intensive norm socialization may be required to shift combatants’ preferences from force protection to civilian protection norms. Study findings hold significant implications for understanding violence against civilians in conflict and for policies to disseminate civilian protection norms in armed groups worldwide.
Pentecostal exorcism and Afro-Cuban endorcism: ‘Radical participation’ and the proliferation of symmetries
Authors: Cantón-Delgado Manuela , Panagiotopoulos Anastasios
Published: September 2021

In this article, we discuss personal moments of our respective ethnographic research on Guatemalan Pentecostalism and Afro-Cuban religiosity. Through our own involvement, we expose the approaches of the two religious forms, the former working by way of exorcism and the latter by way of endorcism. Guatemalan Pentecostal exorcism works by a radical expulsion of the previous non-Pentecostal past to strictly convert the person. Afro-Cuban endorcism, on the other hand, endorses the past, present, and future, as it accepts a simultaneity and multiplicity of ‘influences’. No ‘demon’ is perceived, as in the case of Pentecostalism, no ‘idolatry’ is detected and, instead of conversion, what occurs is a cumulative incorporation of multiple initiations. Our approach, we argue, as also inspired by theories of ‘radical participation’ and ‘symmetrisation’, affords a useful vantage point to engage with fine ethnographic nuances of a proliferation of comparative symmetries in the study of religiosity.
No Story Without a Storyteller: The Impact of the Storyteller as a Narrative Element in Online Destination Marketing
Authors: Pachucki Christoph , Grohs Reinhard , Scholl-Grissemann Ursula
Published: September 2021

Storytelling constitutes a promising tool in destination brand communication. Yet, although it also emerged as an important research field, studies on how individual story elements impact story persuasiveness are scant. This study investigates the impact of the storyteller as a narrative element (third person vs. first person) on tourist response. Findings show that first-person compared to third-person storytellers significantly increase engagement on social media, destination brand image, and tourist visit intentions. They further foster narrativity and social tone of text as well as tourist perceptions of narrative transportation and social presence. Processes of narrative transportation and social presence explain the effects of the storyteller on destination brand image and tourist visit intentions. Overall, the study expands our theoretical knowledge about organizational storytelling and supports destination managers in the design of effective destination brand stories.
Canine mammary cancer in overweight or obese female dogs is associated with intratumoral microvessel density and macrophage counts
Authors: Lim Ha-Young , Seung Byung-Joon , Cho Seung-Hee , Kim Soo-Hyeon , Bae Min-Kyung , Sur Jung-Hyang
Published: September 2021

Obesity is a major health condition owing to its effects on chronic diseases and cancers in humans, but little information is available regarding the role of obesity in canine mammary cancer (CMC). In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry to investigate the effect of obesity on CMC by analyzing the number of tumor-associated macrophages, intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD), and the expression of prognostic factors including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and Ki67 in CMC specimens. These data were compared in CMC specimens from lean or ideal body weight (Group 1) versus overweight or obese (Group 2) female dogs ( n = 60 for each group). Associations between obesity status and histologic characteristics, such as histologic subtype, grading, and lymphatic invasion, were also investigated. Compared with lean or ideal body weight dogs, TAM (tumor-associated macrophage) counts ( P < .005) and iMVD ( P < .001) were significantly higher in overweight or obese dogs. CMC specimens of dogs in the overweight or obese group also showed higher histologic grade ( P < .001). In addition, although no association was found between obesity status and either COX-2 or EGFR expression, Ki67 expression was greater in CMC specimens of overweight or obese dogs ( P < .005). The results of this study suggest that obesity may influence CMC development and progression, being associated with higher histologic grade, greater infiltration of TAMs, and increased tumor angiogenesis.
The Prevalence and Purpose of the ‘Assyria-Egypt’ Motif in the Book of Hosea
Authors: Zimran Yisca
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the occurrence of the ‘Assyria-Egypt’ pair in the MT of Hosea. On a literary plane, the paper introduces two new definitions: Assyria-Egypt is defined as a correlative pair in this book, and based on the recurring meaning of the pair and its diverse application, the pair is defined as a motif. This motif consistently serves to describe distance from God. From an ideological perspective, the paper discusses the perceptions that emerge from the application of the motif in the units with regard to God’s description, and to the relationship between Israel’s two central sins in Hosea: idolatry, and turning to foreign nations for assistance. Based on this, the paper addresses the motif’s contribution to mirroring the relationship between God and Israel. The paper’s insights evolve from each other, altering the perspective on the motif, on the units’ contents, and on the relationship between the units.
Ventilatory performance of AMBU® AuraGain™ and LMA® Supreme™ in laparoscopic surgery: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jinbin , Drakeford Paul A , Ng Vicky , Seng Zhiquan , Chua Maureen , Tan Norman , Mathew David , Teoh Wendy H
Published: September 2021

The Ambu® AuraGain™ (Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) is a newer phthalate-free, single-use supraglottic device with the advantage of a facility for tracheal intubation if necessary intraoperatively. We compared the oropharyngeal leak pressures and other performance variables between the AMBU AuraGain and the LMA® Supreme™ (Teleflex Medical, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and preperitoneoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy with carbon dioxide insufflation under controlled ventilation. We recruited 120 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I–3 patients between the ages of 21 and 80 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy or preperitoneoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy into this single-centre randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome measure was the oropharyngeal leak pressures. Secondary outcomes included insertion parameters, ventilatory characteristics and postoperative sequelae. The AuraGain had slightly but significantly higher oropharyngeal leak pressures than the LMA Supreme (mean (standard deviation) 26.1 (6.9) versus 21.4 (4.7) cmH2O, P < 0.010). The overall insertion success of the AuraGain was comparable to the LMA Supreme (AuraGain 58/60 (96.7%); LMA Supreme 56/59 (94.9%), P = 0.679). The AuraGain was deemed more difficult to insert than the LMA Supreme, with 26/60 (43.3%) of AuraGain insertions graded easy versus 48/59 (81.4%) of LMA Supreme, P < 0.001. The mean time to insertion of the AuraGain was slightly longer than the LMA Supreme, 32.2 (10.5) versus 28.3 (12.0) s, P < 0.001. Intraoperative device failure occurred following carbon dioxide insufflation in one AuraGain and three LMA Supremes, bringing the perioperative success rate of AuraGain and LMA Supreme to 95% and 89.8%, respectively, P = 0.322. No cases of regurgitation and aspiration occurred, and minor postoperative complications were similar. The AuraGain exhibited higher oropharyngeal leak pressures than the LMA Supreme, but was slightly more difficult to insert. The higher oropharyngeal leak pressures suggest that ventilation might be less affected by high peak inspiratory pressures when using the AuraGain than the LMA Supreme.
Cerebral Visual Impairment in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder Correlates With Developmental Achievement
Authors: Brock Dylan , Fidell Andrea , Thomas Jacob , Juarez-Colunga Elizabeth , Benke Tim A. , Demarest Scott
Published: September 2021

Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile-onset refractory epilepsy, profound developmental delays, and cerebral visual impairment. Although there is evidence that the presence of cerebral visual impairment in CDKL5 deficiency disorder is common, the potential impact of cerebral visual impairment severity on developmental attainment has not been explored directly. Focusing on a cohort of 46 children with CDKL5 deficiency disorder, examination features indicative of cerebral visual impairment were quantified and compared to developmental achievement. The derived cerebral visual impairment severity score was inversely correlated with developmental attainment, bolstering the supposition that cerebral visual impairment severity may provide a useful early biomarker of disease severity and prognosis. This study demonstrates the utility of a cerebral visual impairment score to better capture the range of cerebral visual impairment severity in the CDKL5 deficiency disorder population and further elucidates the interaction between cerebral visual impairment and developmental outcomes.
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Spain: A Representative Sample Study
Authors: Ferragut Marta , Ortiz-Tallo Margarita , Blanca Maria J.
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is difficult to assess, and rates vary widely across studies due to methodological and sample differences. In Spain, prevalence data from representative samples are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different CSA experiences in a sample that was representative of the Spanish population in terms of gender, age, and region. The sample comprised 1,071 (539 male and 532 female) Spanish adults ( Mage = 45.37; SD = 14.84). Participants completed an anonymous online survey about different types of CSA and were asked whether they had disclosed the experience at the time. Prevalence was analyzed as a function of gender and generation. Results indicated prevalence rates ranging from 2.8% to 18.5%, depending on the type of experience. The most common experience suffered during childhood was being shown pornographic material, while that with the lowest prevalence was being forced to perform a sexual act involving penetration. Prevalence was higher in females than males for eight of the ten experiences considered. Young adults from Generation Z were the most likely to report having suffered three of the CSA experiences, two of them related to technology. Only 27.5% of respondents said that they had told someone about the abuse at the time, mainly their mother (more common among females) or a friend/peer (more frequent among males). The results suggest that CSA is prevalent in Spain, with considerable rates for several types of abusive experience, especially among females and the youngest generation. The implications of the results are discussed. The findings may inform social policy and the development of effective prevention programs.
Prevalence of Maltreatment Among Canadian National Team Athletes
Authors: Willson Erin , Kerr Gretchen , Stirling Ashley , Buono Stephanie
Published: September 2021

This study assessed the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by Canadian National Team athletes. In total, 995 athletes participated in this study, including current athletes and athletes who had retired in the past 10 years. An anonymous online survey was administered, consisting of questions about experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual harm, and neglect, as well as questions about identity characteristics, when the harm was experienced, and who perpetrated the harm. Neglect and psychological harm were most frequently reported, followed by sexual harm and physical harm. Female athletes reported significantly more experiences of all forms of harm. Retired athletes reported significantly more neglect and physical harm. Athletes reportedly experienced more harmful behaviors during their time on the national team than before joining a national team. Coaches were the most common perpetrators of all harms except for sexual harm, which was most frequently perpetrated by peers. This study highlighted the prevalence with which Canadian National Team athletes reportedly experience harmful behaviors in sport, suggesting the need for preventative and intervention initiatives.
To Report or Not to Report? A Focal Concerns Analysis of Victim Reporting Decisions Following Victimization
Authors: Kelley Shamika M. , Zhang Yan , O’Neal Eryn Nicole
Published: September 2021

Sexual assault (SA) decision-making literature primarily focuses on criminal-legal actors and often overlooks victim decision making. This relative dearth in research is problematic, as victims are principal gatekeepers of the criminal-legal process who influence whether perpetrators are arrested and prosecuted. Subsequent victim support is also contingent on the reporting decision. Overall, this body of research would benefit from a better understanding of how victims activate and participate with the criminal-legal system and the potential impact of these decisions on criminal-legal processes. Moreover, victim decision making is often situated in a theoretical analyses. Victim decision making is complex and should be studied within a criminological decision-making framework. Therefore, the current study relies on National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data and applies a focal concerns perspective (FCP), informed by rape culture concepts, to examine why victims of sexual violence may or may not choose to report to legal authorities. The current study offers initial support for the application of FCP to victim reporting decisions. We found that victims consider each of the focal concerns (FC). Victims were more likely to report when offenders threatened them with harm (i.e., suspect blameworthiness), when the offense occurred in a private location (i.e., protection of the community), and when they sought help from victim support agencies or medical treatment (i.e., practical considerations). Additionally, we found that Black victims were more likely to report than other racial-ethnic groups (i.e., perceptual shorthand). These findings highlight a nexus between reporting to police and help-seeking via support agencies. Importantly, the results emphasize the importance for police to implement cultural competence and antiracist training to better support Black victims.
Epistemic media and critical knowledge about the self: Thinking about algorithms with Habermas
Authors: Fisher Eran
Published: September 2021

This article explores the ontology of personal knowledge that algorithms on digital media create by locating it on two axes: historical and theoretical. Digital platforms continue a long history of epistemic media—media forms and practices, which not only communicate knowledge, but also create knowledge. As epistemic media allowed a new way to know the world, they also facilitated a new way of knowing the self. This historical perspective also underscores a key difference of digital platforms from previous epistemic media: their exclusion of self-reflection from the creation of knowledge about the self. To evaluate the ramifications of that omission, I use Habermas’s theory of knowledge, which distinguishes critical knowledge from other types of knowledge, and sees it as corresponding with a human interest in emancipation. Critical knowledge about the self, as exemplified by psychoanalysis, must involve self-reflection. As the self gains critical knowledge, deciphering the conditions under which positivist and hermeneutic knowledges are valid, it is also able to transform them and expand its realm of freedom, or subjectivity. As digital media subverts this process by demoting self-reflection, it also undermines subjectivity.
Music education in adolescence – A pathway to entrepreneurial identity?
Authors: Jefremovs Artūrs , Kozlinska Inna
Published: September 2021

This study examines the relationship of music education (ME) and entrepreneurship education (EE) received during adolescence with the entrepreneurial identities of university students. Researching adolescent ME alongside EE as a potential enabler of entrepreneurial identity is crucial to understanding the complementarities between ME and EE and so developing knowledge of what kinds of education may contribute to entrepreneurial identity formation. It might also be useful to consider these research insights when developing educational interventions for adolescents. The analysis is based on a sample of 190 Bachelor’s-level students from different study backgrounds (business, arts and humanities, etc.) surveyed in one European country. The study finds that both ME and EE received in adolescence are related to entrepreneurial identity in adulthood. However, it is the extra-curricular ME, taken in addition to the secondary school curriculum, that makes the difference and moderates the relationship between EE and identity. The findings contribute to expanding the identity development discourse in the entrepreneurship literature and bring novel insights to EE research by highlighting extra-curricular ME as a potential alternative pathway to entrepreneurial identity development. On a more general level, the study provides an input into the adolescent education literature and learning transfer in education research.
Pressure influence on saturated boiling of R141b over Cu and Si-coated surfaces
Authors: Swarnkar Abhishek , Lakhera Vikas J.
Published: September 2021

Pool boiling has been a research topic of great interest over the decades due to its inherent capabilities of large heat transfer rates with narrow temperature gaps and it advocates its suitability in a large number of industrial applications. The present paper describes the effect of operating pressure on pool boiling of R141b over a plain Cu surface as well as Si-coated surface prepared by a direct current (DC) sputtering technique. The working fluid R141b undergoes saturated pool boiling under pressure ranging from −20 kPa(g) to + 30 kPa(g) with the acquired experimental data and trends compared with the existing correlations and theories. Within the pressure range considered, the surface superheat variation was insignificant at lower heat fluxes; however, at higher heat fluxes, the maximum reduction was found to be by 9.5°C and 14.8°C for the plain Cu surface and Si-coated surface, respectively, regarding the corresponding values of −20 kPa(g) pressure. With respect to the results under atmospheric conditions, at the pressure of + 30 kPa(g), a corresponding increase in heat transfer coefficient of 12.1% for the plain Cu surface and of 17.8% for a Si-coated surface was observed at a heat flux of 225 kW/m2 and 272 kW/m2, respectively. In comparison to the results under atmospheric pressure conditions, the accompanying augmentation in the critical heat flux was observed as 13.3% for the plain Cu and 21.2% for the Si-coated surfaces at a pressure of + 30 kPa(g). Based on the experimental data, a correlation is developed for predicting heat transfer coefficients within the given pressure range.
Breast cancer diagnosis based on guided Water Strider Algorithm
Authors: Bi Dezhong , Liu Yuxi , Youssefi Naser , Chen Dan , Ma Yuexiang
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is one of the main cancers that effect of the women’s health. This cancer is one of the most important health issues in the world and because of that, diagnosis in the beginning and appropriate cure is very effective in the recovery and survival of patients, so image processing as a decision-making tool can assist physicians in the early diagnosis of cancer. Image processing mechanisms are simple and non-invasive methods for identifying cancer cells that accelerate early detection and ultimately increase the chances of cancer patients surviving. In this study, a pipeline methodology is proposed for optimal diagnosis of the breast cancer area in the mammography images. Based on the proposed method, after image preprocessing and filtering for noise reduction, a simple and fast tumors mass segmentation based on Otsu threshold segmentation and mathematical morphology is proposed. Afterward, for simplifying the final diagnosis, a feature extraction based on 22 structural features is utilized. To reduce and pruning the useless features, an optimized feature selection based on a new developed design of Water Strider Algorithm (WSA), called Guided WSA (GWSA). Finally, the features injected to an optimized SVM classifier based on GWSA for optimal cancer diagnosis. Simulations of the suggested method are applied to the DDSM database. A comparison of the results with several latest approaches are performed to indicate the method higher effectiveness.
Moving toward a green revolution in Japan: Symmetric and asymmetric relationships among clean energy technology development investments, economic growth, and CO2 emissions
Authors: Ahmed Zahoor , Cary Michael , Ali Sajid , Murshed Muntasir , Ullah Hamid , Mahmood Haider
Published: September 2021

A revolution in the energy sector is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability since almost three-fourth of global carbon dioxide emissions is generated from the energy sector. It is believed that combustion of unclean energy resources is the major contributor to the multifaceted environmental adversities experienced across the globe. Thus, the development of clean energy technologies, to elevate their shares in the global energy mix, is deemed necessary to reinstate environmental well-being worldwide. Against this background, this study aims to explore the symmetric and asymmetric impacts of public research and development investments for nuclear and renewable energy development and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in the context of Japan over the 1974–2017 period. As opposed to the conventional approaches, this study contributes to the literature by specifically scrutinizing the environmental effects associated with public investments in clean energy development projects; whereas the majority of the preceding studies have either considered the environmental impacts associated with the overall research and development investments in the energy sector or that made by firms in general. However, evaluating the effects of such investments for clean energy development is more appropriate for policy-making purposes. The results from both the symmetric and asymmetric analyses reveal that higher public investments in clean energy research and development-oriented projects help to curb carbon dioxide emissions in Japan. Besides, such investments for nuclear energy development are evidenced to be relatively more effective in facilitating the nation's carbon emission-abating agenda. In contrast, economic growth in Japan is evidenced to trigger higher carbon dioxide emissions. In line with these key findings, this study offers several policy-level suggestions in respect of undergoing clean energy transition and achieving environmental sustainability in Japan.
Birth Weight and Adolescent Health Indicators in Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Authors: Tu’akoi Siobhan , Bay Jacquie L. , Aung Yin Yin May , Tamarua-Herman Neti , Barrett-Watson Celeste , Tairea Karen , Vickers Mark H.
Published: September 2021

While research into the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has highlighted the potential of healthy early-life environments for later noncommunicable disease risk reduction, such research is lacking in developing contexts. This study is set in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, a small island developing state in the Pacific—population 17 434. Adult overweight/obesity rates are 89.5%/69.8% and raised blood glucose affects 23.5%. This study investigates early-life associations with later-life health by matching birth weight and adolescent health indicators in Rarotongan-born students from 2016 to 2018. Of 195 students, median age 13 years, 67.7% were overweight/obese, 45.7% had central obesity, and 42.7% had raised blood pressure. A significant inverse association was found between birth weight and central obesity ( P = .043). This is the first DOHaD study in a Pacific Island country and demonstrates the importance of prioritizing investment in the early-life environment to optimize later-life health and contribute to reducing the global noncommunicable disease burden.
Clinical Practice Trends and Postoperative Outcomes in Primary Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Jazayeri Hossein E. , Lopez Joseph , Pourtaheri Navid , Lee Kevin C. , Peck Connor J. , Best David L. , Yu Jason W. , Gosain Arun K. , Peacock Zachary S. , Edwards Sean P. , Steinbacher Derek M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Optimal correction of the cleft nasal deformity remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to examine the practice patterns and postoperative course of patients undergoing cleft lip repair with rhinoplasty compared to those who have primary lip repair without rhinoplasty.

Methods and Materials

A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Kids’ Inpatient Database. Data were collected from January 2000 to December 2011 and included infants aged 12 months and younger who underwent cleft lip repair. The predictor variable was the addition of rhinoplasty at primary cleft lip repair. Primary outcome variables included hospital setting, year, and admission cost, while secondary outcome variables included length of stay and postoperative complication rate. Independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were performed. Continuous variables were analyzed by multiple linear regression models.

Results

The study sample included 4559 infants with 1422 (31.2%) who underwent primary cleft rhinoplasty. Over time, there was a significant increase in the proportion of cleft lip repairs accompanied by a rhinoplasty ( p < .01). A greater proportion of patients with unilateral cleft lips received simultaneous rhinoplasty with their lip repairs (33.8 vs 26.0% , p < .01). This cohort had a significantly shorter length of stay (1.6 vs 2.8 days , p < .01) when compared to children that underwent cleft lip repair alone.

Conclusions

Performing primary cleft rhinoplasty is becoming more common among cleft surgeons. Considering comparable costs and complication rates, a rhinoplasty should be considered during the surgical treatment planning of patients with cleft nasal deformities.
Evaluating Psychosocial Problems in School-Age Children with Cleft Lip and Palate in Bandung, Indonesia Using CBCL/6-18
Authors: Soedjana Hardisiswo , Bangun Kristaninta , Christine Sitha
Published: September 2021

Background

Cleft lip with or without palate (CL  ±  P) may impact children’s eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, and hearing. We aim to evaluate psychosocial problems in Indonesian cleft center school-age patients identified after one or more surgical interventions.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of parent report of patients with unilateral CL  ±  P who had cleft surgery from 2011 to 2016 in the Bandung Cleft Center using the Bahasa Indonesia version of CBCL/6-18 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed based on measure norms and score ranges.

Results

There were 104 participants (56.7% male) with a median age of 8 years old and 73.0% had unilateral cleft of lip, gum, and palate. We found that speech and appearance problems were not perceived by parents for 34.6% of participants after undergoing surgery. The majority of parents reported normal range scores for the Social scale (93.3%) and the School scale (92.3%). In contrast, largely due to the restrictions in the covid-19 pandemic, 78.8% of the patients had below normal range scores for the Activities scale. Borderline or Clinical range scores were reported for 6.7% of children on the Problem Items section and 15.4% of parents endorsed one or more Critical Items about their children, which indicate significant behavioral concerns.

Conclusion

In this study, we found 6.7% of the school-age children population with CL/P had psychosocial problems. The result of this study hopefully can shed some light in the long-term psychosocial conditions of the CL/P children post-operatively.
Becoming frail: A more than human exploration
Authors: Cluley Victoria , Fox Nick , Radnor Zoe
Published: September 2021

‘Frailty’ is increasingly used as a clinical term to refer and respond to a particular bodily presentation, with numerous scores and measures to support its clinical determination. While these tools are typically quantitative in nature and based primarily on physical capacity, qualitative research has revealed that frailty is also associated with a range of social, economic and environmental factors. Here, we progress the understanding of frailty in older people via a new materialist synthesis of recent qualitative studies of frailty and ageing. We replace a conception of frailty as a bodily attribute with a relational understanding of a ‘frailty assemblage’. Within this more-than-human assemblage, materialities establish the on-going ‘becoming’ of the frail body. What clinicians refer to as ‘frailty’ is one becoming among many, produced during the daily activities and interactions of older people. Acknowledging the complexity of these more-than-human becomings is essential to make sense of frailty, and how to support and enhance the lives of frail older people.
Shape memory alloy based NiTi reinforced functionally graded material for vibration damping
Authors: Gangil Namrata , Siddiquee Arshad Noor , Mufazzal Sameera , Muzakkir SM , Maheshwari Sachin
Published: September 2021

Shape memory based high performance nickel-titanium alloy particles were embedded by friction stir processing in graded concentration on the surface of light weight commercially pure magnesium cast plates. The novel functionally graded material so developed was analyzed for microhardness evolution and vibration damping effect. The nickel-titanium alloy particles were filled in a 2.5 wide × 3 mm deep slot and embedded on the surface by friction stir processing. A shallower slot 2.5 wide × 1.5 mm deep was milled over the previously embedded surface in which nickel-titanium alloy powder was again filled and embedded on the surface by second pass friction stir processing. This sequence of pass created the graded variation in nickel-titanium alloy concentration. The so fabricated functionally graded material was cut out from the plate and it was hot-forged to 2/3 thickness and subsequently quenched. The microstructural examination confirmed homogeneous dispersion of nickel-titanium alloy particles and clear interface between high and low concentration regions. The microhardness confirmed a uniform graded variation in hardness. The vibration damping tests confirm considerable improvement in the damping capacity of the fabricated functionally graded material.
Damage detection of composite beams using vibration response and artificial neural networks
Authors: Reis Pedro Almeida , Iwasaki Kelvin M. K. , Voltz Luísa R. , Cardoso Eduardo L. , Medeiros Ricardo De
Published: September 2021

Structures can be subjected to damage, leading to catastrophic failures and significant financial losses. Thus, researchers have been studying several tools to ensure reliability and safety. Thus, structural health monitoring has drawn attention, mainly by using tools such as vibration-based model and artificial neural networks. So, this work aims to develop a methodology to identify and classify damage in glass fiber-reinforced plastic composite beams through vibration data and artificial neural network. For this, healthy and damaged beams were manufactured considering different delamination sizes. Then, dynamic tests were performed to obtain both time and frequency domain data. As the large dimension of the data obtained by the vibrational tests, hinders its direct use to feed the neural networks, a strategy called dislocated series is used to reduce the raw signal size in mini batches, without losing important information to detect the damage. Results show that the artificial neural network topology and the parameters of the dislocated time series are crucial to the success of the proposed methodology. When these parameters are properly selected, it is possible to successfully detect and classify damage with less computational cost when compared to the direct use of the vibration-based model data.
Bio waste (Pistacia vera nut shell) filled polymer composites for tribological applications
Authors: Pradhan Subhrajit , Prakash Ved , Acharya Samir Kumar
Published: September 2021

The environmental concerns and quest for a sustainable future have encouraged the utilisation of bio-waste in a productive manner. In the present investigation, characterization studies such EDS, XRD and FTIR of pistacia vera (pistachio) nut shell particulates were carried out to have a knowledge of the morphological properties. Further, an attempt was made to utilise the bio-waste i.e. pistacia vera nut shell as a reinforcing phase in epoxy based polymer composites to assess the tribological behaviour of the fabricated composites. The pistachio shell particulate was incorporated with epoxy resin in different weight fractions (0, 10, 20 and 30%) to develop a new class of composite. The effect of filler content, normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance on the two body abrasive wear behaviour of pistachio shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites was studied. The obtained results showed significant enhancement of abrasion resistance of the fabricated composites as compared to neat epoxy. Further, it was found that the composites with 20 weight percent of filler provide optimum abrasion resistance to the developed composite. The worn out surfaces of the composites were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope to determine various failure mechanisms leading to deformation of the composite surface.
A multitheoretical perspective for addressing domestic and family violence: Supporting fathers to parent without harm
Authors: Gatfield Emma , O’Leary Patrick , Meyer Silke , Baird Kathleen
Published: September 2021

Domestic and family violence remains a significant challenge to family wellbeing. The risk of serious harm from domestic and family violence is disproportionally carried by women and children, yet often the complex reality of family life means that many families have ongoing contact with their abusers. Responses to this problem are frequently siloed across child protection and specialist domestic violence services, leading to a lack of holistic intervention. More recently, there has been increased attention on addressing the role and behavior of abusive fathers, especially where fathers remain in families or have ongoing contact postseparation through coparenting. This paper offers a systemic approach for understanding and addressing such amilies.

Findings

An integrated theoretical framework is proposed, which draws together key tenets of feminism, family violence, and intersectional theories within a systems-oriented model. It frames families, inclusive of fathers, within their eco-social contexts, highlighting factors that exacerbate domestic and family violence, and those that increase family safety, which has strong applications for social work practice.

Applications

An integrated theoretical framework offers an approach for social workers for understanding domestic and family violence in a broad-based and holistic manner, and for developing coordinated family focused interventions while concurrently addressing related child welfare concerns and family safety. A range of considerations for case management of families are explored, which, while relevant to most intact families or those who have continuing contact with perpetrators, holds particular relevance for marginalized families that present with complex needs and experiences of disadvantage.