bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Visual Evoked Potential in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Vijayalakshmi T. N. , Priya K. Vishnu , Celine D.
Published: June 2021

Psoriasis is an immunologically mediated, inflammatory disease with increased risk of painful and destructive arthritis, cardiovascular morbidity and psychosocial challenges. Psoriasis vulgaris is the most common form of psoriasis, seen in approximately 90% of patients. Besides skin, other regions widely involved are bone, cardiovascular system and eye. Psoriatic eye manifestations involve many of the structures of eye; from eyelid till optic nerve. Recording of Visual evoked potential helps in studying the integrity of optic nerve and its abnormality signifies demyelination. The concept Brain skin axis proposed in literature shows involvement of nervous system with immune mediated inflammatory pathway in Psoriasis. During intense inflammatory course, highly dense sensory nerves in plaques trigger the release of neuropeptides, targeting keratinocytes and further nerve damage. With this background, the present study was aimed to assess Optic pathway integrity by Visual Evoked Potential in patients of Psoriasis vulgaris.
Materials and Methods: A Case control study was done with Institutional Ethics Committee approval and written informed consent on 100 plaque type psoriatic cases and 50 apparently healthy subjects as controls. Cases were divided into 2 groups based on their disease duration as I – new cases (1 to 5 years), II – old cases (6 to 10 years). Psoriatic patients treated with UVB and Methotrexate and with relapse of both gender of 15 to 35 years were included in the study. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, any other chronic illness and autoimmune disease, severe forms of psoriasis, patients on oral steroids, and with H /O ocular diseases, eye surgery and neurological illness were excluded from the study. The mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was 16.09 ± 11.11. According to PASI score, the cases were categorised as <10 – mild; >11-20 – moderate; and>21 – severe. Clinical and ophthalmological examination was done for study participants. After proper instructions to patients for VEP procedure, VEP was recorded using Physiopac –NEURO PERFECT EMG 2000 SYSTEM. P100 latency of controls and cases was taken for analysis and analysed using SPSS 21.0 version.
Results: There was increase in P100 latency of cases when compared to controls. P100 latency progressively increases as the severity of disease increases.
Conclusion: Increased latency of P100 is a sign for demyelination. As this is seen in the present study, in psoriatic patients, there is a probability of optic nerve involvement during active state of disease.

Keywords: Psoriasis, VEP, P100, PASI.
Effectiveness of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique versus Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Muscle Flexibility in College Going Students
Authors: Vachhani Rooju , Sharma Himanshi
Published: June 2021

Background: Hamstring is one of the commonest muscle which often gets tight. Suboccipital muscle inhibition technique is a method of relaxing tension in four muscles located between occiput and axis which regulates the upper cervical vertebra. When the tone of suboccipital muscles falls, it has been reported that the tone of knee flexors such as hamstrings also decreases due to relaxation of myofascia. This is because hamstrings and suboccipital muscles are connected by one neural system, which passes through the duramater called the superficial back line. Muscle energy technique is a procedure that involves voluntary contraction of a patient’s muscle in a precisely controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity and has been utilized in lengthening of tight muscles.
Method: The study was done after obtaining approval from ethical committee. Subjects having hamstring tightness who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from the population.
52 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study was carried out for 5 days. Subjects in the experimental group were treated with SMIT and Subjects in control group were treated with MET. Outcome measures used were Active Knee extension test and Back Saver Sit and Reach Test. Data was analysed post treatment (Immediate effects) and at the end of 5th session using non- parametric tests at 5% level of significance.
Result: Within group analysis at post treatment and at the end of 5th session showed significant improvement in both the outcome measures in experimental and control group. Between group analysis showed no significant effect post treatment whereas after 5 days significant difference was found where more improvement was found in the control group i.e. Muscle energy technique group.
Conclusion: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique and Muscle Energy Technique both were effective in improving hamstring flexibility but Muscle energy technique was found to be more effective.

Keywords: Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Flexibility, Active Knee Extension (AKE), Back Saver Sit and Reach Test (BSRT).
Dynamics of Active and Titratable Acidity in Bieno Cheese
Authors: Dimitrovska Gordana
Published: June 2021

Experimental research describes the autochthonous traditional production of bieno cheese and its importance in conditions of globalization and industrialization in food production.
The purpose of this research was to present the technology of three varieties of indigenous bieno cheeses (A, B, and C) in the Mariovo region, in the Republic of North Macedonia, and to monitor the dynamics of active and titratable acidity as important parameters in the technological process.
During the research, the changes of these parameters of the three variants (A, B, and C) of cheeses in different stages of maturation were monitored (in curd, cheese after dry ripening, cheese after dry salting, the 20th day of ripening, and the 45th day of ripening). The rheological properties of the cheese are greatly influenced by the active (pH) and titratable (0SH) acidity. During the ripening of cheeses under the influence of lactic acid bacteria, the biggest changes occur in lactose, which transforms lactose into lactic acid and other organic acids that play an important role in the formation of sensory and rheological characteristics of cheeses.
The displayed technological parameters are of great importance for the bieno cheeses and can serve in the direction of standardization of this cheese and its protection with a designation of origin or a geographical indication based on the source technology.

Keywords: Bieno cheese, technology, active and titratable acidity.
Work-Family Conflict among Married Teachers of Urban Meerut
Authors: Gupta C K , Khattri Bhavya , Garg Manish
Published: June 2021

Background: Work–family conflict (WFC) and Family–work conflict (FWC) are likely to exert negative influences on an individual’s mental health, resulting in lower life satisfaction and greater internal conflict at work-family interface. Existing literature on WFC ignores the teaching profession, despite it being a universal phenomenon. This study expands on WFC & FWC occurring in the lives of female teachers, with special mention of psychological distress and wellbeing of the working women.
Methods: The main objectives of the study were to compare WFC with FWC among married teachers of urban Meerut and to assess various factors associated with them. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in schools of urban block of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh on 384 teachers aged 20 - 50 years, and married for at least 3 years. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing Breyer’s work family conflict scale and analysed using SPSS V25, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation
Results: FWC (Mean 5.97; SD=1.962) was found to be greater than WFC (Mean 4.93.01; SD=1.571). More than 60% of the participants were always or often asked to bear the brunt of dual role, even when most of them (~58%) were working solely due to family needs. Variables like reason for working, work experiences and demand for dual roles were found to be important in deciding WFC as well as FWC.
Conclusions: This study explores WFC/ FWC and governing factors in these conflicts. Present study found that family roles created more friction towards work roles in teachers rather than work roles creating friction in family roles.

Keywords: Work Family conflict, Teachers, Married, Women.
A Case of Isolated Plasmacytoid Lymphoma Presenting as Hard Palate Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Bhardwaj Parul , Sharma Shivbrat
Published: June 2021

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is classified under the category of 'Mature B-cell neoplasms'. Plasmablastic lymphomas are the most common and account for 30% of all the cases type. PBL is an uncommon B-cell tumor which is limited to the jaw and oral cavity at presentation but can spread to distant sites at later stages type. Here we case report a 35 year old male presented to OPD as hard palate mass which turns to plasmablastic lymphoma after investigation.

Keywords: Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL), Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Injury Level of Student Male Athletes in Relation to Competitive Anxiety among M.G. University Students
Authors: Khan Faazil Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Mental elements have been fundamentally affirmed in athletic execution, sports injury avoidance, sports recovery, and as a powerful method for overseeing pressure and nervousness in rivalries. The point of this examination was to research the impact of cutthroat uneasiness on the injury level of understudy competitors of M.G University. The strategy for this examination is illustrative and correlational. The factual populace incorporates all competitors of M.G College, which are equivalent to 320 individuals. To decide the example size, Cochran's example size assessment equation was utilized and the quantity of tests was 175, the sexual orientation irregular examining strategy chose. In the first place, to report sports wounds to portray the degree of wounds in the appendages (upper appendages, lower appendages, and trunk) and various pieces of the body (joints, muscles, and bones), the report type of sports wounds was utilized and SCAT survey was utilized to gauge cutthroat uneasiness. We investigated information utilizing SPSS programming. We utilized relapse in view of the ordinariness of the information in serious uneasiness tests and the event of sports wounds. The exploration discoveries show that the normal cutthroat uneasiness of male competitors is 14.11 and the serious tension of female competitors is 14.49. Cutthroat tension likewise has a huge constructive outcome on sports injury. The beta coefficient likewise shows that cutthroat tension predicts 0.33 changes in sports injury. Hence, it tends to be said that as the degree of cutthroat nervousness of athletic understudies increments, so does their degree of injury, and to control sports wounds, mental abilities ought to be expanded and we should control the serious uneasiness of competitors.

Keywords: Competitive anxiety, Sports injury, Athletes.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Study of the Patellofemoral Joint Morphological Abnormalities Predisposing to Patellar Instability
Authors: Parekh H.P , Naik S Aravind Prasad
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is a complex joint structure with high functional and biomechanical requirements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate cause of patella-femoral joint instability with in-depth evaluation of influence of anatomical risk factors (AF), measurements and anatomical relationships of the patellofemoral joint and various pathologies causing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury that contributes to the patellar maltracking using 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.
Materials and Methods: The present prospective study is carried out at department of radiology, shri M P Shah Medical College, Jamnagar. This is study of total 50 patients carried out in 12-month duration from July 2019 to June 2020, in which 50 patients aged between 8 - 68 years selected as study group presented with complaint symptoms of patellofemoral instability, knee pain and maltracking were examined and identified by an orthopaedic surgeon. Patients with the clinical suspicion of a PFJ maltracking were selected for subsequent MRI examination.
Results: The age distribution in our study was in range of 8 years to 68 years with maximum population within 31 to 40 years range, 66 % were male and 34 % female. Their trochlear depth, sulcal angle, trochlear facet asymmetry, lateral inclination angle was found abnormal in 18 cases (36%), 8 (16%) showed patellar alta and 7 (14%) patella baja. Lateralization of patella (> 6 mm) was noted in 18 patients (36%), Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries were seen in 16 (32%) patients on MRI and kissing contusion 10 (20%) patients. A detailed understanding of the anatomy and pathology of the anterior knee compartment is essential for proper imaging interpretation and treatment management.
Conclusion: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been established as the method of choice, showing high accuracy in patellofemoral joint abnormalities. The present study aims to explore the role of MR imaging in diagnosing the various disorders located in anterior compartment of knee.

Keywords: Joint instability, Patellofemoral joint, MPFL, MR imaging/diagnosis.
A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu Obetta Hillary , Usman Hadiza Abdullah , Onuegunam Nweze Sylvester
Published: June 2021

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is an uncommon complication of pregnancy. It is of clinical and epidemiological interest partly because of its good prognosis if detected and managed early. Objective: This study was to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, management outcome and histologic types of GTDs at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Methodology: A five-year retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of GTDs managed in UMTH was undertaken. Folders of patient treated for GTD during the study period served as source of data. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: There were a total of 47 (38 molar and 9 choriocarcinoma) cases of GTDs that were diagnosed and managed at UMTH. However, only 40[31(77.5%)] molar and [9(22.5%) choriocarcinoma] case files were retrieved. 55% of the GTDs were complete hydatidiform mole, 22.5% partial hydatidiform mole and 22.5% choriocarcinoma. There was no case of invasive mole or placental site trophoblastic tumour noted. There were 15,426 deliveries in UMTH during this period giving the incidence of GTDs as 3.0 per 1000 deliveries or 1 in 328deliveries. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 30.5 ± 5.6years. Only 3(7.5%) of the patients were below 20 years of age and those who were at least 40 years of age constituted 8(20%). Low parity constituted 62.5% of the patients while 12.5% and 2.5% were nullipara and primipara respectively. The mean gestational age (SD) at presentation was 16.5±6.2 weeks. The common clinical presentations were amenorrhoea (100.0%), abnormal vaginal bleeding (97.5%), lower abdominal pain (90%) and passage of grape-like vesicles (45.0%). Only 6(15.0%) complied with the follow-up protocol for one year, while 25(62.5%) of the patients did not observe the follow-up protocol. Anaemia was the commonest complication observed.
Conclusion: Gestational trophoblastic disease is relatively common in our center with an incidence of 3.0 per 1000 deliveries and 1.48% of our gynaecological admissions. Adequate patient counseling and compliance to follow-up are recommend for good outcome.

Keywords: Prevalence, gestational trophoblastic disease, Hydatidiform mole, Choriocarcinoma, Maiduguri.
Knowledge of the Use of Contraceptive among College of Health Sciences Students of Niger Delta University, Amassoma Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Imawaigha Oniso, Juliet , Patricia Tawari Erebi
Published: June 2021

Background: Unwanted pregnancy which results in unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted disease such as HIV/AIDS can be avoided by using different contraceptive methods. Information on knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptives among students is particularly important because of unwanted pregnancies as well as an everyday increase in number of STI and HIV/AIDS. Tactlessly, in Nigeria significant proportion of students who engages in premarital sex, either lack basic knowledge of contraception, or are ignorant of practices of contraceptive. This study aimed at studying sexuality, knowledge of contraceptive in among students in the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University, Amassoma.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among two hundred (200) students of the College of Health of Health Science, Niger Delta University aged 16-30 years. Data collection was carried out using both self-administered questionnaire
Results: The analysis of the data showed that majority of the students of the students in College of Health Science, Niger Delta University are about (84%) sexually experience with most of the first sexual experiences occurring within the 16-20 years’ age group. There is a high level of knowledge (83%) of contraceptive available and where to get them but the level of contraceptive use is relatively lower (61.5%) even for the sexually active notwithstanding their level of education. This could be attributed to the factors affecting contraceptive use identified by them which includes embarrassment to buy, lack of proper knowledge, fear of side effect, lack of money and disapproval by partners.
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents have a good knowledge on contraceptive. There is need to renew sex education campaigns in our primary, secondary and tertiary institutions as well as educating parents on the need to teach their wards about sex.

Keywords: Knowledge, Contraceptive, Student, Bayelsa State.
Stress Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chaudhary Shallu , Atwal Major Amit
Published: June 2021

In our study, we presented a 48 year old female patient who developed stress cardiomyopathy after undergoing two major surgeries:- left nephrectomy followed by exploratory laparotomy with limited resection of colon with colostomy. Our patient had chest pain and dyspnea. ECG and ECHO findings were consistent with findings of stress cardiomyopathy. The Troponin I and BNP levels were also raised. Our patient developed left ventricular failure which was treated with injection lasix and injection morphine. Further management included beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics. Our patient responded to the treatment and improved progressively.

Keywords: Stress induced cardiomyopathy, reversible cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
A Case Report on Yolk Sac Tumour in Pregnancy
Authors: Kapil Deepika , Mahajan Uday
Published: June 2021

We present a case of 29-year-old female with chief complaint of amenorrhea since 2-months and pain abdomen for 15 days
There was a sudden worsening in the condition of patient as Hb of patient fell from 9.6 g/dl to 6 g/dl and ascites of the patient increased. Hence, the patient was decided for exploratory laparotomy after giving 2 blood transfusions. On opening the abdomen, there was about 3 liter of ascitic fluid which was hemorrhagic. Caking of omentum with dense adhesions of omentum with uterus and ascending and transverse colon was present. Grossly tumor was smooth surfaced with no superficial vessels over it. There were multiple papillary excrescences seen on the surface of tumor.
Left tube could not be visualized due to large ovarian mass right tube and ovary was normal. TAH with BSO with total omentectomy was done. Three units of fresh frozen plasma and three units of whole blood were given during surgery.
On histopathology examination, it was confirmed as yolk sac tumour.
Conclusion: There should be further discussion regarding the management of advanced yolk sac tumours in pregnancy

Keywords: Yolk Sac Tumour, Pregnancy, Amenorrhea.
A Case Report on Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Varicella Zoster Infection, Varicella Encephalopathy & Cerebellitis
Authors: Shaji Aswathy M , Priya A. , Suwitha S
Published: June 2021

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) comprises a family of autosomal recessive disorder and it will disrupt adrenal steroidogenesis. The most common form of CAH is due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with mutations in the cyp21a2 gene which is located at chromosome 6p21. The clinical features associated with this adrenal steroidogenesis represent a clinical spectrum reflecting to the consequences of the specific mutations. Treatment goals include normal linear growth velocity and “on-time” puberty in affected children. [1]
Infection with Varicella zoster virus (vzv) causes chickenpox means Varicella that can be severe in immunocompromised individuals, infants and adults. The primary infection is followed by latency in ganglionic neurons. During this time, no virus particles will produce and no obvious neuronal damage occurs. Reactivation of virus leads to virus replication, which will causes zoster (shingles) in tissues innervated by the involved neurons, inflammation and cell death [2]. Potential complications of this infection are involved in the central nervous system causing encephalitis. An increased risk of this complication is associated with the immunocompromised patient. [3]

Keywords: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, varicella zoster infection, varicella encephalopathy, cerebellitis.
Assessment of Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Practice of Breast Self Examination among Paramedical Females
Authors: Khan Fauzia , Boora Navreet , Kumar Raushan
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of the this research was therefore to explore the scale of mammary gland malignancy knowledge among students in paramedical college, looking on awareness of mammary gland malignancy warning symptoms, risk factors, detection strategy and breast self-assessment.
Methods: A questionnaire based Cross sectional study was carried out in college of paramedical sciences. This study was questionnaire based on Assessment of knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and practice of BSE among paramedical females
Result: Out of 250 female, 207 were available for final analysis. In this study assess the knowledge of female faculty and students about Breast cancer, risk factors and practice of Breast Self Examination and calculated the mean value of respondents who give the correct answer and concluded that the knowledge of female faculty have average 63.08%, Radiology and Imaging Techniques students had good knowledge 63.6%, Optometry students had average knowledge 61.88%,Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Techniques had insufficient knowledge 49.63% and Bachelor of Forensic Sciences were average knowledge 65.8%.The result of this study was not satisfied, knowledge of respondents were not enough for this serious and most common cancer of women
Conclusion: Study concluded that there should be proper lectures and theory classes for the conduction of knowledge about Breast cancer, risk factors and BSE in paramedical college, This questionnaire based survey demonstrate that up-to-date practice of breast self examination among paramedical females were not sufficient, this should be improved by the well designed training and theoretical sessions. From this study, we suggest that all members of the health care community should attend the webinars, guest lectures and training sessions about knowledge of breast cancer, risk factor and practice of breast self-examination.

Keywords: Breast cancer, BSE, Risk factors.
La relación de confianza y compromiso en la intención de compra
Authors: Ávila Castañeda Ángel Leonardo , Chaparro Guevara Rosa Alexandra
Published: June 2021

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación sobre la confianza y el compromiso en la intención de compra, específicamente en el campo del marketing, evaluando a profundidad los principales temas y métodos desarrollados. A partir de artículos establecidos en diferentes bases de datos, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura, identificando 169 artículos relacionados con las variables establecidas; asimismo, se analizaron a profundidad 39 artículos tomados como referencia para el desarrollo de la revisión.

Se identificó que el tema se estudia en varios entornos: como en el consumo de alimentos saludables; los productos certificados o sellos de garantía; en las acciones de responsabilidad social que desarrollan las empresas; las condiciones económicas; en el entorno digital; en el país de origen y los anuncios en redes sociales, entre otros. Este trabajo también identificó que la mayor parte de la investigaciones se encuentra indexada en revistas enfocadas en marketing, sostenibilidad, negocios, responsabilidad social, análisis económico, alimentos y comportamiento del consumidor.  

Es decir, este trabajo contribuye a consolidar la investigación académica del concepto de la intención de compra y las diferentes variables y metodológicas que se relacionan, demostrando que la confianza y el compromiso genera una fuerte relación en el proceso de decisión e intención de compra de los consumidores.
Early Photography in the Rijksmuseum’s Collection: A Group of Glass Negatives from the Estate of Laurens Lodewijk Kleijn (1826-1909)
Authors: M'rani Alaoui Malika
Published: June 2021

In 1999 a group of nineteenth-century glass negatives were transferred to the Rijksmuseum from the University of Leiden’s Print Room. The negatives came from the estate of the Dutch artist Laurens Lodewijk Kleijn (1826-1909), who also made them. Kleijn lived in Rome between 1851 and 1868, became interested in photography and began to experiment with the medium. While he was in Italy, he came into contact with Princess Marianne, who awarded him a number of commissions. He also looked after her sizeable collection, first in Rome, later in her museum in Erbach. As the curator, Kleijn photographed part of the collection and the museum’s interior. These photographs were used for a museum catalogue and for picture postcards. The Rijksmuseum’s glass negatives show a variety of artworks from the princess’s collection. There are more experimental shots, too, family photographs and portraits, and photographs of paintings by Kleijn and of his studio. Thanks to the surviving glass negatives – and the artist’s estate as a whole – it was possible to reconstruct his interesting life story and take a fresh look at the history of photography.
'Spot the Difference'
Authors: Woltman Nienke
Published: June 2021

The small, unsigned panel The Lamentation of Christ in the Rijksmuseum’s collection is attributed to Colijn de Coter and dated around 1510-15. There is another, almost identical version in a private collection. Visual analysis and analytical techniques including UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-radiography, dendrochronology and paint sample analysis, were used to examine and compare the materials and techniques in both paintings in order to investigate the relationship between the two. Because only a small oeuvre is attributed to De Coter and there has as yet been very little scientific analysis of his paintings, this comparative investigation provides more information about the artist’s workshop practices. This research has revealed that the materials and techniques used in the two versions differ hardly at all and, moreover, correspond to standard practice in early sixteenth-century painting in the Low Countries. The thicker outlines in the underdrawings in both cases indicate that the compositions were traced or copied from the same model. The underdrawings of the two Lamentations also correspond to those in other paintings attributed to the artist. This makes it likely that both versions came from De Coter’s workshop.
Esaias Boursse’s ‘Tijkenboeck’
Authors: Wagenaar Lodewijk , Beumer Mieke
Published: June 2021

We do not know who trained Esaias Boursse (1631-1672) to be a painter, but we do know that he became a member of the Amsterdam Guild of St Luke around 1651. He certainly did not have a successful career because he joined the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1661. He travelled to Colombo, the capital of the island of Ceylon (Sri Lanka since 1972), captured six years earlier by the Portuguese, by way of Batavia (now Jakarta). In 1663 he was back in Amsterdam – remarkable, as the standard contract with the VOC was for five years. In financial straits again, he re-joined the VOC in 1671 and left for Asia. Shortly after leaving he died at sea. In 1996 an album containing 116 drawings came to light, most of them made by Boursse during his time in Ceylon; he made only a small number during his outward or return journeys to the Cape of Good Hope. The drawings are completely different from his earlier known oeuvre of genre paintings and prints with religious themes. The pages in his ‘Tijkenboeck’ provide a unique picture of what Boursse saw in and around Colombo. They are important evidence of the early days of the VOC in its conquered colony of Ceylon.
‘’S heeren architect ende steenhouwer’
Authors: Ippel Iris
Published: June 2021

The early seventeenth century Breda Wall in the Philips Wing of the Rijksmuseum takes its name from the origin of the bottom part of the wall: one of the façades of the stable complex of the former Nassau Palace in Breda. In the article the wall is attributed to the architect Melchior van Herbach on stylistic grounds, with indirect proof. Van Herbach began his career in Amsterdam in Hendrick de Keyser’s sphere of influence. He worked in Alkmaar and Bruges before settling in Breda, where he became Prince Maurice’s architect and master builder.
Fired Infills and Replacement Parts to Ceramics in the Rijksmuseum
Authors: Garachon Isabelle
Published: June 2021

There are many objects in historic ceramics collections, like the Rijksmuseum’s, that have replacement parts and infills. Strikingly, the materials and techniques employed to make these repairs in the past were rarely the same as those originally used in manufacturing the object. This was primarily because it is technically very complicated to make additions in ceramics – clay shrinks and expands with each new firing. It also, however, requires specialist knowledge and skills to get the shape, colour and feel of a reconstruction or infill to match the original. There is limited information about this special restoration practice in the literature. This article aims to prompt further research into the technical and historical aspects of ceramic infills and replacements, particularly since they are becoming increasingly accepted as part of the history of the object.
Implementasi Mobile Learning Sebagai Solusi Pembelajaran Online Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Di SMA Negeri 1 Singosari
Authors: Ahmad Sasmito Dian , Yusrotin Alfa , Shaherani Natasya
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan IPTEK pada era sekarang mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi modern. Salah satu pembelajaran tersebut berbasis Mobile Learning (M-Learning), dimana dengan memanfaatkan teknologi telepon seluler (handphone). Disisi lain adanya COVID-19 yang mengharsukan pembelajaran dilakukan secara online, membuat pembelajaran berbasis M-Learning menjadi solusi agar pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik dan lancar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1)  merancang pembelajaran berbasis M-learning dan  (2) mengimplementasikannya dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang mendeskripsikan dan menggambarkan subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner dengan pendekatan mix method serta analisis data secara deskriptif. Hasil pengujian menunjukan jika responden sangat setuju pembelajaran berbasis M-Learning  memudahkan kegiatan belajar mengajar (KBM), memudahkan memahami materi, mampu mengambangkan diri, dan mampu belajar secara mandiri  dengan rata-rata skor 3,40-3,70 dari skor maksimal 4,00, yang diterapkan pada pembelajaran daring saat pandemi COVID-19 seperti ini.

Kata Kunci: COVID-19, M-Learning, Peserta Didik.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of listed Moroccan companies
Authors: Benali Mimoun , EL YAAGOUBI Jihad , MOUFDI Ghada
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to study empirically the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) in the Moroccan context. We opted for a longitudinal study of listed companies over the period 2012-2017.  We have used the accounting and financial indicators to assess FP. In the absence of an index which measures the score of the PS, we opted for a dichotomous variable which takes a value 1 if the company is labeled CSR by the CGEM and value 0 if not. Control variables are measured by size, age, risk, and industry. Panel data are used as well to analyze data. Findings of this study indicate mixed results. Indeed, we have found a positive impact of CSR on PF, when using ROA as proxy for FP. However, when using ROE as proxy for FP, we do not find any impact of CSR on FP (neutral impact). We found that ROS is linked negatively with CSR.
A Proposal of a Cluster Model Dedicated to the Development of the Water Industry in Morocco
Authors: AMINE Rajae
Published: June 2021

Morocco is dependent on rainfall for its water supplies, and suffers severely from the impact of climate change, which signals a situation of water stress. This scarcity of resources represents a challenge, but also an economic opportunity for companies that can provide solutions for efficiency, optimization and reuse. Analysis of previous studies and reports from international institutions, ministerial reports and specialized literature, crossed with interviews with professionals in the water sector and our own observations, has led us to propose a model for the creation of a cluster dedicated to the water industry. This article proposes a cluster model adapted to the context of a developing country and to the specificities of the strategic water industries sector. The Cluster Ô will be dedicated to the development of the water sector in Morocco, particularly an industry with high technological added value, based on innovation, scientific research, promoting technology transfer and enhancing national capacities.
Lean startup, Effectuation et Design Thinking : quel modèle combinatoire de management d’innovation dans les startups ?
Authors: DAOUD Miloud , OUSGHIR Sara
Published: June 2021

Les startups interviennent sur des marchés où l’incertitude est forte. Elles doivent par conséquence adapter en permanence leur Business Model (BM) aux besoins et exigences de leurs parties prenantes induisant l’adoption de méthodes de management plus réactif et flexible. Ce papier a pour objet de citer une revue de littérature concernant les différentes méthodes de management de l’innovation dans les entreprises en mode start-up dans l’objectif de développer un modèle combinatoire liant les trois approches : Lean Startup, Effectuation et Design Thinking. Ce modèle combinatoire représente le processus qui fait appel aux différentes approches de management d’innovation permettant de réussir la création, le développement et la croissance de projets innovants.
Theoretical Investigation for the Failure of Lehman Brothers and Merril Lynch: A Lesson for Banking Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Werigbelegha Andabai Priye
Published: June 2021

The study theoretically examines the failure of Lehman Brothers and Merril Lynch as a lesson for the banking institutions in Nigeria. Hence, the instability experience in the Nigeria financial system in recent time; especially, banking sub-sector was as a result of institutional failure. Banking experts in Nigeria viewed that the failure of the two banks was an enough signal to the Nigerian banking industry. Hence, the study reveals that the two banks were absolutely limited to the size and age in determining their future instead of depending on the effectiveness and efficient management of risky assets. Hence, the conventional lending procedures are not instituted; rather than depending on subprime mortgage arrangement that has no collateral securities. The declining home prices has make refinancing more difficult as a result of inadequate innovations in securitization. The recommends that the regulatory authorities should not only relied on the conventional tools of bank supervision, but, they should employ more non-conventional methods of obtaining classified information. The financial institutions should train and retrain their employees to meet the current reality on ground. The conventional lending procedures should be instituted rather than depending on subprime mortgage management that did not have collateral securities. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should be proactive to ensure effective supervision and risk management principles.
Analytical Models for the Computation of Error Probability of Multi-Level Phase Shift Keying Modulation Scheme
Authors: A. E. Isaac , H.U. Dike
Published: June 2021

In this paper, analytical models for the computation of error probability (BER) of the Multi-level Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) modulation scheme is presented. Analytical models for computing MPSK bit error probability based on Q function, error function (erf) and complementary error function (erfc) are presented. Also, an analytical model for computing the symbol error rate for MPSK is presented. Furthermore, a generalized analytical expression for BER as a function of modulation order (M) and energy per bit to noise power density ratio (Eb/No) is presented. The BER was computed for various values of M (2 ≤ M ≤ 256) and Eb/No (0 dB ≤ Eb/No ≤ 14 Db). The results showed that at Eb/No =12 dB, a BER of 9.006E-09 is realized for M =2 and M =4 whereas BER of 1.056E-01 is realized for M = 256. Also, for the same M = 2 , the value of BER decreased from 1.2501E-02 at Eb/No = 4 dB to 9.0060E-09at Eb/No =12 dB. Generally, the results showed that for the MPSK modulation scheme, for a given value of Eb/No, the lower modulation order (M) has a lower BER and for a given modulation order, (M) the BER decreases as Eb/No increases.
Determination of Eccentric Anomaly for Kepler’s Satellite Orbit Using Perturbation-Based Seeded Secant Iteration Scheme
Authors: H.U. Dike , A.E. Isaac
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the determination of eccentric anomaly (E) for Kepler’s satellite orbit using Perturbation-Based Seeded Secant (PBSS) iteration algorithm is presented. The solution is meant for Kepler’s orbit with the value of eccentricity (e) in the range 0 ≤ e ≤ 1. Such orbits are either circular or elliptical. The demonstration of the applicability of the PBSS iteration is presented using sample numerical examples with different values of mean anomaly (M) and eccentricity (e). The summary of the results of E for M = 30° and e in the range 0.001 ≤ e ≤1 showed that the convergence cycle (n) increases as e increases. Particularly, n increased from 2 at e = 0.01 to n = 8 at e =1. The implication is that it takes more iterations to arrive at the value of E with the desired accuracy or error performance (which in this case is set to 10^(-12)). Another implication is that a good choice of the initial value of E is essential especially as the value of e increases. As such, effort should be made to develop a means of estimating the initial value of E which will reduce the convergence cycle for higher values of e.
Isolation and Identification of two Triterpenoids from Ethyl acetate extract of Bark of Boehmeria rugulosa
Authors: Shukla Abha , Choudhary Anchal , Kumar Shukla Rishi , Kaur Amanpreet
Published: June 2021

Column chromatography of purified ethyl acetate extract of bark part of Boehmeria rugulosa afforded triterpenoids (3-oxo-20-demethylisoaleuritolic-28,29-dioic acid and 3-oxo-20-demethylisoaleuritolic-28,30-dioic acid.). Structure of these compounds was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. This is the first report of isolation of this compound from bark of B. rugulosa.
Design and Characterization of Orlistat Bilayered controlled release Tablets
Authors: Kumari P. V. Kamala , Rao Y. Srinivasa , Akhila S. , Sindhu K. Bhavya
Published: June 2021

Drug delivery in conventional dosage forms often suffers from the drawbacks of repeated drug administration and large fluctuations in blood drug levels. Controlled drug delivery systems are a convenient way of controlling the dosing frequency responsible for rapid absorption and distribution of drug in conventional dosage forms, and are dependent upon two intrinsic properties of the drug, namely, elimination half-life (t1/2) and therapeutic index (TI). The goal is to give a drug at a sufficient rate, frequency and dose so that the ratio Cmax/Cmin in plasma at steady state is always maintained at effective concentrations during the course of therapy, reducing side effects or improving physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. The use of polymers provides the potential to control drug delivery both temporally and spatially. The objective of the present investigation was to develop bilayered tablets of orlistat to achieve controlled release and immediate release. The process is predetermined in such a way to release the drug at an IR and CR by using different polymers. Half life of orlistat is 1-2 hrs, as it has been released immediately. This paper mainly focuses on designing the process to release the drug in a controlled manner by using different polymers like sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose, HPMC.
Pharmacognostical and Physico-chemical Evaluation of Ativishadi Churna – An Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Singh Sidhu Chandanpreet , Singh Saurabh , Singh Baghel Dileep , Kumar Singh Sachin , Kumar Bimlesh , Gulati Monica , Kumar Pandey Narendra , Wadhwa Sheetu , Kaur Iqbaljeet , Aghera Hetal
Published: June 2021

Ativishadi churna is a traditional classical formulation pioneered by the science of Ayurveda. The very first reference regarding the formulation was documented in the Charka Samhita under title Ativishadi Yoga. The main indication of this formulation is to cure diarrhoea due to pitta dosha vitiation. It contains an equal part of powdered and dried Ativisha roots, Kutaj bark and Indrayava (dried Kutaj seeds). The polyherbal formulations comprise a wide range of bioactive compounds and the standardization of such formulations is a great concern these days. Hence, the present study evolves around standardizing Ativishadi Churna, for this purpose physicochemical parameters were performed of individual drugs by keeping the values of API as a standard. A complete pharmacognostic profile of ingredients has been validated to authenticate plant materials and to confirm the absence of any adulterants or impurities in the formulation. The preliminary phytochemical tests, Pharmacognostic and phytochemical standardization of the formulation were performed as a part of an SOP development. The formulation besides has been proven to possess antimicrobial properties against pathogens responsible for common infectious diseases in humans. The recent concern lies in the fact that some traditional medicines have been claimed to possess heavy metals. For this purpose, the heavy metal content has also been determined which shows that the formulation is devoid of heavy metals that may cause toxicity. The pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of this formulation would be very important for establishing standards in the future.
CLEC4E as a New Tumor Marker for Early Diagnosis of GIT Tumors
Authors: Hasan Jasim Rasha , Haider Abdualameer Hadeer
Published: July 2021

During the period from the beginning of December 2018 to the end of May 2019, 108 resident of Babylon were included to participate in the current study, were divided into two main groups: 81 patients with GIT diseases, their age ranged from 12-80 years; and the controls group (27 individuals) with the age 17-71 years old. Furthermore, the patient group was divided into two subgroups, the first involved 51 patients with GIT tumors and the other with non-tumoral diseases of GIT (30 individuals suffered non tumoral GIT illness were enrolled as a pathological control group). CLEC4L, Serotonin were evaluated in the sera samples of the study groups. The current study revealed statistical significant increase in the levels of serotonin while it showed significant decrease in the levels of CLEC4L in the sera testers of patients with malignant GIT tumors when compared to benign GIT tumors, pathological GIT control, and healthy control groups. The present study showed that the relationship between CLEC4E with serotonin became negative. Serotonin showed the (88%) sensitivity among the assessed criteria followed by CLEC4L (76%).
Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars for patients attending Ajman University
Authors: Hamed Saeed Musab , Hassan Hadi Karrar Mohammed , Al-Chalabi Sarmad Basil , Hassan Hadi Zaid Mohammed , Hassan Mawada
Published: July 2021

Background: The internal anatomy is a complex system and root canal morphology varies between teeth, especially in maxillary second premolars. Objective: The purpose of this present study is to identify the variations in root and root canal morphology of the upper second premolar. Methods: A retrospective study on 197 maxillary second premolars, which have had an endodontic treatment in Ajman University in the Academic Year 2018/2019. Intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph was reviewed for identifying the number of root canals. Results: The incidence of two canals in the maxillary second premolars was very high 78.7%, and the internal anatomy is complex and highly variable. Conclusion: A straightforward message to the clinicians to be careful in their evaluation and to take care whenever an upper maxillary second premolar is to be treated endodontically.
In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic Activity of Eugenia jambolana bark
Authors: Prabha N. Bhong , Nilofar. S. Naikawade , R. Mali Pratibha. , S. Bindu Madhavi.
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The present study designed to evaluate the Antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Eugenia Jambolana (AEEJ) on in vitro and in vivo animal models. Materials and methods: Different in vitro and in vivo animal models was used to study the anti asthmatic activity as isolated goat tracheal chain preparation, Acetylcholine and Histamine induced bronconstriction in guinea pigs, effect of drug extract on histamine release from mast cell was checked by clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation, and milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Results: In-vitro study on goat tracheal chain preparation revealed that aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana (AEEJ)bark exerted antagonistic effect on the histamine induced contraction. (P<0.05) The guinea pigs when exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol showed signs of progressive dyspnoea leading to convulsions. AEEJ significantly prolonged the latent period of convulsions (PCT) as compared to control following the exposure of histamine (0.2%) aerosol (P<0.01). The observation of present study indicates aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana shows significant inhibition of milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Group of animals pretreated with aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract showed significant reduction in degranulation of mast cells when challenged with clonidine. The prevention of degranulation process by the aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract (P<0.01) indicates a possible stabilizing effect on the mast cells, indicating mast cell stabilizing activity. Conclusions: Thus, AEEJ showed antihistaminic, mast cell stabilizing and protective in guinea pigs against histamine induced PCD, reduced eosinophilia and leukocytosis and hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.