bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA IMPORTÂNCIA DA LOGÍSTICA LEAN PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL
Authors: Da Veiga Susana Aparecida
Published: March 2019

Embora a logística seja uma área de conhecimento que vem se desenvolvendo há cerca de um século e seus conceitos, princípios e ferramentas venham sendo utilizados com sucesso em vários setores industriais, na construção civil não se tinha referência de sua utilização de uma forma estruturada até um passado recente. O setor da construção civil é o setor que menos se utiliza da tecnologia logística em sua gestão produtiva. A não utilização da logística repercute diretamente na produtividade, na qualidade, nos prazos e em elevados índices de perdas e desperdícios. A logística lean é uma nova forma depensar a cadeia de abastecimento. Sua utilização pode minimizar não só problemas de descontinuidade da produção por falta de mão-de-obra ou material, aumentando assim a produtividade, como também reduzir os custos diminuindo os espaços destinados a estoques de materiais.
CULTURA POPULAR E IMAGINÁRIO URBANO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA
Authors: Kamensky Andrea Paula dos Santos Oliveira
Published: March 2019

Este artigo trata da cultura e arte urbana na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Aborda-se a construção de identidades, de territórios existenciais e de imaginários urbanos por meio do grafite como expressão de arte urbana no ABC Paulistas. São consideradas também culturas políticas e políticas culturais alternativas como produtos derivados deste processo. Desta forma, sujeitos e grupos ligados à arte urbana, com suas formas de expressão partem da ideia de que quanto maior o alcance, a complexidade, a multiplicidade das expressões de arte urbana, maiores são as possibilidades de reconfiguração identitária, de culturas políticas, e do próprio universo artístico e cultural, com destaque para as culturas juvenis, organizadas em redes plurais na cultura digital.
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR COMO DIREITO DE TODOS
Authors: Bizarria Geisa Aparecida Martins , Da Cunha Virgínia Mara , Ribeiro Suzana Lopes Salgado
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo objetiva refletir, a luz das proposições de Maria Teresa Eglér Mantoan, sobre questões relativas à inclusão escolar, especialmente de alunos com deficiência, em contexto escolar. Optou-se, para tanto, o estudo sobre a importância de se repensar o sistema educacional, tornando-o oportuno à aprendizagem de todos os alunos. Uma apreciação teórica, crítica e bibliográfica culminou na apresentação de considerações sobre a relevância de práticas de ensino inclusivas que favoreçam a interação social, respeitem as diferenças e valorizem as características humanas, também de alunos com deficiência, na vivência escolar. Concluindo-se que a escola inclusiva não é apenas um local que recebe a todos, mas um ambiente que favorece a convivência, o aprendizado, o desenvolvimento das potencialidades intelectuais, sociais e humanas de todos e cada um. Portanto, faz-se eminente a necessidade de revitalização da atual estrutura de ensino para torná-la acessível e qualificada para articular o processo de ensino aprendizagem de modo democrático, coerente e inclusivo, portanto repleto de significados para todos os alunos.
O VOO DAS ANDORINHAS
Authors: Paes Vanessa Generoso
Published: March 2019

Este artigo analisa as negociações e os conflitos nas relações de parentesco de uma comunidade de bolivianos em São Paulo a partir da história oral de vida de uma família. Deste modo, a análise centra-se nos deslocamentos de imigrantes bolivianos buscando construir como foram erigidas as representações sociais dos papeis familiares por meio dos processos de subjetivação das experiências de vida resultantes dessa mobilidade. A metodologia escolhida para a composição das fontes utilizadas no artigo é o da história oral de vida, tal como desenvolvido pelo historiador José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy. Acredita-se que esta perspectiva permite a construção de um corpus documental a partir das entrevistas, cuja análise nos permitiu compreender as micro histórias e os elementos que hoje definem e impulsionam os movimentos migratórios na América Latina. Os relatos foram analisados a partir de um diálogo entre as próprias narrativas e suas linhas de argumentação, bem como, com os conceitos de negociação cultural, identidade pensadas pela história contemporânea.
Yield Of Bronchoalveolar Lavage In Suspected Pulmonary TB With Negative Induced-Sputum Smear
Authors: Malik Javid Ahmad , Mir Ramees Mohi Ud Din , Lone Shabir Ahmad , Majid M Umar , Rather Majid Khalil , Hajam Nisar , Ahangar Bilal
Published: March 2019

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been used to recover mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from the respiratory tract of patients with lung infiltrates as nearly 50% of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases are sputum smear negative for acid fast bacilli (AFB). We prospectively compared the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (IS) smear with BALsmear and culture to assess its role in the early diagnosis of sputum negative PTB.Methods: We performed bronchoscopy to obtain BAL in 52 consecutive patients of suspected PTB between December 2013 and November 2015 after negative results on 2 samples of IS smears. BALsamples were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and cultured on L-J media.Results: Cohort of 52 IS negative patients had a mean age of 46 years (SD 15.6) with 58% male participants. Comorbidities were present in 31% participants whereas 42% were current smokers. Tuberculosis was the final diagnosis in 37% (n =19) patients and rest 63% (n = 33) had nontubercular etiologies like bronchiectasis (n = 6), pneumonia (n = 5), interstitial lung disease (n = 3), lung abscess (n = 2), lung cancer (n = 1), PCP (n = 1), hydatid cyst (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 5) and non- specific infection (n = 13). In tuberculosis group 33% patients had bronchoscopic abnormalities. Tuberculosis was confirmed by BALMTB culture in 90% (n = 17) and by biopsy in 10% (n = 2).Conclusion: BAL has high diagnostic yield and should be considered in the evaluation of suspected PTB. Bronchoscopy also picked up alternative diagnoses. JMS 2016; 19(2):75-81.
Scientia Fungorum: una nueva revista con larga historia
Authors: Mata Gerardo , Salmones Dulce , Medel Rosario
Published: March 2019

Scientia Fungorum (SF) es una nueva revista micológica que recupera la historia de la Revista Mexicana de Micología (RMM). La RMM se publicó por primera vez en 1968 como Boletín de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micología, del cual se publicaron 20 volúmenes (1968-1984). A partir de 1985 apareció la RMM y hasta diciembre de 2016 se publicaron 44 volúmenes más. En 49 años la RMM publicó 773 trabajos con la participación de 936 autores y más de 150 instituciones de 27 países. Entre los temas tratados destacan Biodiversidad, Fitopatología, Cultivo de Hongos y Micología Médica. SF se propone redefinir el enfoque y los alcances de la revista, dotándola de una perspectiva más universalista, con un concepto editorial y un nombre en latín que reafirma el carácter universal e integral de la ciencia. SF pretende transitar rápidamente a la edición electrónica. A partir del segundo semestre de 2017 SF utilizará un gestor electrónico para agilizar el proceso de producción editorial y el contenido completo de sus 49 años de historia estará disponible en acceso abierto. En esta nueva etapa SF será ahora la heredera que dará continuidad a la que sigue siendo la única revista especializada en Micología en América Latina.
Adiciones al conocimiento sobre la diversidad de los hongos (macromicetes) de Chiapas, México
Authors: López Guzmán Luis Miguel , Chacón Santiago , Bautista Galvéz Arely
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Existen en Chiapas algunos estudios sobre los hongos de la región de los Altos, Centro y Soconusco, sin embargo, hay todavía extensos territorios en el estado sin explorar.Objetivos: Incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad de los hongos (macromicetes) del estado de Chiapas. Métodos: Se realizaron colectas al azar (2014-2015) en cinco comunidades Ch’ol del municipio de Salto de Agua, Chiapas. El estudio de las muestras se realizó con técnicas de rutina en micología, usando literatura especializada para las determinaciones.Resultados y conclusiones: Se presenta un listado de 34 especies (seis Ascomycota y 28 Basidiomycota). Hygrocybe subminutula se registra por vez primera para la micobiota de México, mientras que Clavulinopsis corniculata es nuevo registro para la entidad. Se presentan las descripciones completas de los nuevos registros, así como algunas ilustraciones de las especies más representativas. Para un mejorconocimiento de la micobiota de Chiapas, es necesario incrementar las exploraciones a los sitios visitados así como a otras localidades del estado.
Contribución al conocimiento de la micobiota del cerro Punta Grande, Mezcala, municipio de Poncitlán, Jalisco, México
Authors: Terríquez Villanueva Ana Karla , Herrera Fonseca María de Jesús , Rodríguez Olivia
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: El cerro Punta Grande se localiza en el municipio de Poncitlán, en la región Ciénega del estado de Jalisco, el cual representa la cumbre más elevada dentro de esta zona. En el área de estudio se distinguen tres comunidades vegetales: bosque tropical deciduo, bosque de Pinus y bosque de Quercus.Objetivos: Contribuir al conocimiento de la micobiota de esta, región que en su mayoría tiene influencia tropical, y de las que son escasamente exploradas en Jalisco y el resto del país.Métodos: Se realizaron recolectas de material fúngico principalmente durante el temporal de lluvias de los años 2008 y 2009, con un total de 382 ejemplares.Resultados y conclusiones: Se determinó el 49% de los especímenes, correspondiente a 111 taxa, de ellos 104 son Basidiomycota y siete Ascomycota. De éstos 56 taxa se recolectaron en bosque de Quercus, 37 en bosque de Pinus y 28 en bosque tropical, siendo el primer tipo de vegetación con mayor número de especies determinadas. Se registran 12 taxa nuevos para la micobiota de Jalisco, entre ellosResupinatus applicatus que representa la primera cita del género para el estado.
Hongos ingoldianos de las cascadas del Parque Estatal Agua Blanca, Tabasco, México
Authors: Rosique-Gil Edmundo , Córdova Córdova Leydi Lorena , Cappello-García Silvia , Cid-Martínez Alejandra
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Los ascomicetes anamórficos dulceacuícolas tienen gran importancia en los sistemas lóticos ya que degradan material vegetal sumergido e intervienen en las cadenas tróficas. Los estudios sobre este grupo de hongos en México son escasos.Objetivo: Describir la diversidad de los ascomicetes anamórficos dulceacuícolas presentes en las ca scadas de un Área Natural Protegida de Tabasco.Métodos: Se tomaron muestras de espuma que fueron procesadas mediante la técnica observación de conidiosporas en preparaciones fijas a partir de la espuma del agua.Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron 9 especies, que se registran por primera vez en el estado de Tabasco y en México: Campylospora chaetocladia, Diplocladiella taurina, Heliscus tentaculus, Jaculispora submersa, Lunulospora curvula, Miladina lecithina, Triscelophorus acuminatus, Triscelophorus monosporus y Trisulcosporium acerinum. T. acuminatus, M. lecithina y T. acerinum fueron las especies más abundantes. Este es el primer estudio en México de este grupo de hongos.
Actividad antifúngica de extractos etanólicos de propóleo contra Mycosphaerella fijiensis: un estudio in vitro
Authors: Manzo-Sánchez Gilberto , Pérez-Ocón Roberto , Chan-Cupul Wilberth , Silva-Jiménez Elvira , Sánchez-Rangel Juan Carlos , Ayala-Zermeño Miguel Ángel , Galindo-Velasco Edelmira
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: El agente causal de la Sigatoka Negra, Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, es el principal problema fitosanitario en la producción de banano y plátano en el continente Americano.Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad antifúngica de tres extractos etanólicos de propóleo sobre el crecimiento in vitro de M. fijiensis.Métodos: Se estableció un bioensayo dosis respuesta con tres extractos etanólicos de propóleo (EEP: PTeco1, PTeco2 y PYuc) empleando cuatro concentraciones (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 y 10.0% v/v). Se determinaron la tasa de crecimiento diaria (TCD), porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial (%ICM), concentración efectiva media (CE50) y contenido de fenoles totales.Resultados y conclusiones: El EEP PYuc redujo la TCD y presentó los %ICM más altos en M. fijiensis. La CE50 más baja fue para PYuc (0.24%) seguida de PTeco1 (0.86%) y PTeco2 (3.34%). PYuc (140.47 μg/mL) mostró mayor contenido de fenoles totales al compararlo con PTeco1 (100.94 μg/mL) y PTeco2 (105.82 μg/mL). En conclusión, por su baja CE50 el propóleo PYuc posee mayor actividad antifúngica en comparación a los dos propóleos locales estudiados.
Etnomicología y venta de hongos en un mercado del Noroeste del estado de Puebla, México
Authors: Contreras Cortés Leonardo Ernesto Ulises , Vásquez García Amparo , Ruán Soto Felipe
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: La recolección de hongos silvestres en la sierra norte del estado de Puebla se remonta a los pueblos prehispánicos. Los actores sociales involucrados en su recolección y comercialización implica comprender la relación entre el ser humano y los hongos útiles.Objetivo: Registrar las especies de hongos silvestres comercializadas y el papel social que desempeñan los miembros de las familias que los recolectan.Métodos: Se aplicó de junio de 2016 a 2017 un cuestionario etnomicológico a 38 comerciantes de hongos y entrevistas abiertas a colaboradores claves en el mercado principal de Zaragoza, PueblaResultados y conclusiones: Se presenta un listado de 21 especies de macromicetos silvestres de las cuales cinco son las más vendidas:Russula brevipes; Ampulloclitocybe clavipes; Armillariella mellea; Boletus edulis y Lactarius indigo; quienes las comercializan son en un 92.1% del sexo femenino. La experiencia mostrada por las mujeres en el uso, manejo y comercialización de los macromicetos silvestres es reproducida de generación en generación a través de la recolección colectiva con varios miembros de sus familias.
Hongos de zonas urbanas: Ciudad de México y Estado de México
Authors: Pérez Silva Evangelina
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Existen escasos estudios sobre macromicetos en Ciudad de México y Estado de México.Objetivo: Incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad y distribución de los macromicetos en zonas urbanas de México.Métodos: Se realizaron recolecciones en la temporada de lluvias de 2012 a 2017. Se emplearon técnicas rutinarias en micología con literatura especializada para la determinación de especies.Resultados y conclusiones: Se presenta un listado de 32 especies (1 incertae sedis y 31 basidiomicetos). Hebeloma crustuliniforme, H. radicosum y Parasola auricoma son nuevos registros para la micobiota mexicana. Se registran por primera vez en zonas urbanas, géneros que normalmente se desarrollan en bosques de coníferas, bosques mixtos y zonas áridas.
Nuevos registros de Xylaria (Xylariaceae) para el estado de Michoacán, México
Authors: Medel Ortiz Rosario , Becerril Navarrete Arubi , Gomez Reyes Victor Manuel , Palestina Villa Elvia Naara
Published: March 2019

Resumen.Antecedentes: Xylaria es un género poco estudiado en el estado de Michoacán, de tal manera que solo se había citado cinco especies para esta entidad.Objetivos: contribuir al conocimiento y distribución del género Xylaria  para el estado de Michoacán.Métodos: Se realizaron colectas  de manera aleatoria en la Estación Biológica Vasco de Quiroga, las recolectas provienen principalmente de bosque mesófilo de montana y bosque de pino-encinol La identificación se realizó bajo las técnicas tradicionales en Micología que incluyen estudio macro y microscópicoResultados y Conclusiones: se identificaron 16 especies de las cuales 12 son nuevos registros a saber: Xylaria arbuscula, X. berteroi, X. corniculata, X. cubensis, X. aff. gracillima, X. juruensis, X. laevis, X. liquidambaris, X. mellisii var. nuda, X. scruposa, X. subcoccophora y Xylaria sp., son los nuevos registros para Michoacán. Además se encontraron en estado natural las fases asexuales de X. cubensis (Xylocoremium flabeliforme) y de X. scruposa  (Nodulisporium sp). La mayoría de las especies se encontró habitando en el bosque mesófilo de montaña.
Agaricomycetes gasteroides del bosque mesófilo de montaña, Estación Biológica Vasco de Quiroga, Michoacán
Authors: Salinas Rodríguez Mariela , Esqueda Valle Martin , Gómez Reyes Victor Manuel , Blanco García José Arnulfo
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Los hongos gasteroides son importantes para el equilibrio de los ecosistemas, al ser degradadores de materia orgánica y presentar algunas especies micorrícicas. A pesar de su importancia los estudios de este grupo son escasos y la mayoría se han enfocado a zonas áridas. En México sólo un trabajo específico sobre la diversidad de hongos gasteroides en bosque mesófilo de montaña se ha publicado.Objetivo: Contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de hongos gasteroides presentes en la Estación de Biológica Vasco de Quiroga, Uruapan, Michoacán.Métodos: La recolecta de hongos gasteroides se realizó mediante recorridos exploratorios quincenales durante los meses de julio a noviembre del 2017. La determinación de las especies se realizó con base en características macro- y microscópicas con claves taxonómicas de bibliografía especializada.Resultados y conclusiones: Se determinaron un total de diez especies pertenecientes a los géneros: Bovista (1), Geastrum (5), Lycoperdon (2) y Scleroderma (2). Destacan como nuevos registros para Michoacán y segundas citas para la micobiota de México: Bovista oblongispora var. oblongispora y Geastrum violaceum.PALABRAS CLAVE: taxonomía, corología, diversidad, Geastrum.
OPERATIONALIZING KISWAHILI AS A SECOND OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
Authors: Osore Miriam , Midika Brenda
Published: March 2019

In the last decade, Kenyans became extremely aware of the issue of language and language usage in the country. This awareness led to the recognition of Kiswahili as one of the official languages of Kenya. The Kenyan 2010 Constitution recognizes that the national language of the Republic of Kenya is Kiswahili while the official languages are Kiswahili and English (Chapter 2, Section 7 (2). Previously, English was used as the official language and language of instruction in education sector while Kiswahili was the national language. This paper is anchored around the success of the Canadian and South African models of promoting two or more official languages. The paper seeks to borrow from the language policies of the two nations and make recommendations on how the new language policy can be operationalized in tandem with the spirit of the new constitution promulgated in 2010. The paper seeks to isolate the strengths of bilingual language policy as exemplifed by both Canadian and South African language policy models that can eﬀectively contribute to the promotion of Kiswahili as an official language in Kenya.
CONCILIER FORMATION INITIALE ET PRATIQUE D’ENSEIGNEMENT DU FLE EN CONTEXTE KENYAN
Authors: Oyugi Caroline C. A.
Published: March 2019

Language facilitates the sharing of one’s personal experiences with another. Thus, teaching and learning a language is anchored on interaction. The learner learns to communicate through authentic communication; in the context of a foreign language, the language is therefore both the tool and object of learning. Thematic training for teachers in the field of foreign language is scanty. The usual initial training course oﬀers future instructors theoretical baggage in methodology, linguistics, and some literary areas. In some instances, exposure to cultural studies and emerging practices such as the use of authentic materials in language classes may take place. While the existing models largely target the adolescent public, the observations and practices meant to allow trainees to acquire baseline experience remain insufficient. The proliferation of tertiary institutions where foreign languages are taught has in turn spurred teacher mobility in response to the new opportunities. This mobility, based on the desire for professional growth, has seen teachers trained for the secondary school level moving on to adult teaching post-secondary establishments. Supposing that each public has specific learning and language needs which correspond to diverse social contexts, a number of questions need addressing: in the context of evolving needs, are instructors aware of their roles? How do they ensure that learning takes place? What mechanisms are put in place to ensure learning that responds not only to administrative demands but also to learners’ needs? In order to operate eﬀectively across diﬀerent academic and linguistic levels, are there methodological techniques that allow diﬀerentiated perception of the material at hand and more specifically in our context, facilitate learning of French as a Foreign Language? This paper is born of a study on the gaps existing between the theoretical expectations of initial training of instructors in the field of French as a foreign language and the reality on the evolving context on the ground. This paper makes certain proposals regarding the recruitment and continuing professional development of French language teachers, all with the intention of enhancing their efficiency in the field.
TATHMINI YA LUGHA YA KUFUNDISHIA KUANZIA SHULE ZA CHEKECHEA HADI DARASA LA TATU NCHINI KENYA
Authors: Chacha Leonard , Onyancha Judy
Published: March 2019

The question of which language should be used as a medium of instruction from nursery school to class three in primary schools has been a topic of discussion in Kenya since the 1960’s. It has been proposed that the language of instruction at those levels of education be the language of the catchment area or Kiswahili in cosmopolitan areas. Language learning theories backed by research indicate that the use of local languages (first language) as a medium of instruction in the formative years of the child makes them understand faster what is being taught. This is because language is no longer a barrier in the learning. Examples given of developed countries indicate that these countries have prospered because they used local languages in their education systems. This paper revisits this issue 51 years after the nation of Kenya got its independence and having undergone several socio-political changes. The paper analyzes the current situation in Kenya today and gives recommendations on how best that policy can be implemented in the changed circumstances.
TRANSLATION OF KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY IN SELECTED BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES IN KENYA AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR CROSS - CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Wangia Joyce I. , Ayieko Gerry
Published: March 2019

Kinship terms are culturally and socially tied to the society’s structure and communities’ values that have developed over a long period of time. In the diﬀerent Kenyan social environments many kinship terms abound that are extremely definite and cannot be found in other Kenyan languages or English and consequently may generate some translation difficulties and misinterpretations. The intended meaning of these culturally bound kinship terms that exist in source languages which are embedded in the Kenyan socio-cultural scene cannot be transferred to the target language (English) through a word or group of words which are thought to be the English equivalents in the translation process. The paper presents a list of common kinship terms present in three Kenyan languages with comparable interpretation. Kinship terms that are mainly culture specifc certainly indicates the frm and close social ties that a community has established over the years. The present paper seeks to answer two main questions: i) How are the non-equivalences of kinship terms between English and the selected languages translated in diﬀerent bilingual dictionaries? ii) What is the alternative model of translating kinship terms in the selected bilingual dictionaries? These kinship terms pose difculties and intercultural miscommunication when not properly interpreted. The present paper is based on Baker’s (2006) eﬀected translation equivalence theory of Kinship terms and social structure model and equivalence theory of translation. The paper develops a model for translating kinship terms from the selected languages into English.
Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among food handlers working in meat selling establishments in the City of Nairobi
Authors: Mathenge J M , Gicheru M M , Okemo P O , Ng’ang’a P M , Mbaria J M
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Food-borne diseases have been increasing in recent years with a greater impact on health and economies of developing countries. Good levels of knowledge towards food safety among food handlers and the effective practices in food handling are imperative in reducing such illnesses.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices in food safety among food handlers working in meat selling and processing points within Nairobi city.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the City of Nairobi. Data were collected from 100 food handlers working in food establishments selling meat in the city using an interviewer administered questionnaire.

Results: Majority of the participants were male (80.0%) and Christians (89.0%). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of the participants was 30.5 (26.0-38.0) years. The respondents demonstrated above average proficiency in the assessments involving Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP). The overall KAP scores were not associated with age, gender, level of education and marital status. On the other hand, respondents who had ever attended a food handling and/or food safety course had a statistically significantly higher KAP mean score than their counterparts who had never attended (respectively, 31.5±0.2 versus 30.3±0.3, p=0.003).

Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on food safety and food handling amongst the sampled food handlers were found to be favorable. Training, motivation and initiatives should be provided to encourage food handlers to sustain this positive trend in knowledge, attitude, and practices in food safety.
Epidemiology of acute Intestinal obstruction in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Jumbi G , Tenge R K , Khwa-Otsyula B O , Menya D , Bwombengi S O , Ombito B R
Published: March 2019

Background: Acute Intestinal Obstruction (AIO) is a common life threatening emergency in all general hospitals all over the world. This study provides a population based incidence of acute intestinal obstruction derived from hospital data within a period of seven years preceding the year of the study (2008/9). Inpatient records can provide a fairly accurate data on the incidence of acute intestinal obstruction since almost all the cases are admitted in hospitals.

Objectives: This study aims at determining the incidence and other epidemiological characteristics of AIO in Uasin Gishu County based on the hospital records and the national population census.

Methods: The study was conducted in twelve hospitals (six within Uasin Gishu County) and six from the surrounding counties. Patient records for seven years preceding the period of study (2008) were retrieved and demographic information of the disease and treatment outcome (mortality) were analyzed against the projected population for the seven year period covered by the study (2001-2007). The population projections (the denominators) were based on Kenya population census and housing survey, 1999.

Results: There were 444 cases of AIO from Uasin Gishu County during the seven year period of the study (2001-2007). There were 319 males (71.8%) and 125 females (28.1%) (male/female ratio =2.6/1). The mean age was 31.4 years and the median age was 29 years. The population of Uasin Gishu County (1999 census) on which the population growth projections was based was 622,705. Mean annual incidence for the seven year period was 8.8 per 100,000 persons and this was significantly related to age and gender (p-values = 0.0001). Recovery (survival) rate was 93.5% and mortality (case fatality) rate was 6.5%. Mortality rate was not significantly related to age and gender (p-value>0.05).

Conclusion: The observed annual incidence of acute intestinal obstruction in Uasin Gishu County was very low compared to available global data. Our findings could be a pointer to the general burden of AIO in Kenya (given the similarity of Uasin Gishu County and rest of the country in relation to demography, infrastructure and the state of health care services). The incidence increased exponentially with age. A prospective population based study on incidence could shed more light and confirm the low incidence found in this study.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Kenya
Authors: Muhoho Ng’ethe
Published: March 2019

In the commentary section of this issue, The Autism Society of Kenya (ASK) describes its role and objectives to sensitize and promote levels of awareness on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to advocate for policies that would enhance the existing disease interventions. The syndrome is widely spread in Kenya but in the write up this is a neglected none communicable disease that is not well understood neither by the public health authority nor by the general community. Unlike malaria and other tropical infectious diseases, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a worldwide health burden which is well understood and addressed in the developed world but there is no clear data in Africa
Perforated uterus
Authors: Ngatia Justus W
Published: March 2019

Early pregnancy failure is a major health problem worldwide which occurs in 15-20% of pregnancies. During evacuation, uterine perforation is a potential complication. Careful post-evacuation follow-up helps in early detection of perforation. Perforation often requires laparotomy or laparoscopy to repair the defect and evaluate for injury to adjacent organs. Our patient had pregnancy loss at 12 weeks and uterine perforation during a dilatation and curettage procedure. She had laparotomy, evacuation through the perforation site and uterine repair with good outcome.
Autism Society of Kenya
Authors: Kenya Autism Society of
Published: March 2019

Autism Society of Kenya (ASK) is an NGO founded in Kenya in 2003 with the objectives to raise awareness about the existence of autism in the country, sensitize the communities and to lobby the Government of Kenya on issues about appropriate policies and acts regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Issues related to strategies were proposed to improve identification, diagnosis, management and support delivery for ASD affected individuals.
Consumer Perceptions and Concerns About the Healthfulness and Safety of Food Served at Fairs and Festivals
Authors: Boo H.C. , Ghiselli R. , Almanza B.A.
Published: March 2019

Personal interviews and mail surveys were used to examine consumers' perceptions and concerns about the healthfulness and safety of food served at fairs and festivals and other types of food preparation locations. A total of 304 responses were collected. Home-prepared foods were perceived as the most healthful and safest, while foods served at outdoor fairs and festivals and fast food restaurants were considered the most unhealthful and least safe. Food poisoning/spoilage was the major safety concern, while fat or cholesterol was the major health concern at all locations. Insect and dirt or dust contaminations were major concerns when eating at outdoor fairs and festivals.
Krewes and Their Activities and Spending on Mardi Gras in Lafayette, Louisiana
Authors: Agrusa J.F.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess krewe members' spending on the 1998 Mardi Gras. The study examined the spending of krewe members at Mardi Gras balls, events leading up to the balls, as well as the amount of spent during the Mardi Gras parade itself. Data were collected by the distribution of a self-administered mail survey to krewe members of the Greater Southwest Louisiana Mardi Gras Association. Examination and analysis of the results of this study will be very helpful in determining the economic effect that Mardi Gras celebration has on the city of Lafayette.
Events: Outstanding Means for Joint Promotion
Authors: van Gessel P.
Published: March 2019

The Netherlands Board of Tourism (NBT) promotes tourism to and within Holland. Its objectives are to increase international tourist receipts and to stimulate employment. As a knowledge and research center and as a marketing and promotion organization, NBT acts as a broker between supply and demand. This enables NBT to be a pioneer in developing and executing policy visions and marketing strategies, for and with the tourism sector. In this framework NBT stimulates product development and intelligent bundling of parties and interests. NBT is an organization with some 165 employees. It has its main office located in Leidschendam, near The Hague, and NBT has another 12 offices in Europe, the US, Canada, and Japan. Based on intensive research and eye-catching marketing and promotional activities carried out in close cooperation with strategic and other partners, the NBT works to call the public's attention to “Holland” as a destination for vacationers.
Turning 16 Days into 16 Years Through Olympic Legacies
Authors: Ritchie J.R.B.
Published: March 2019

The hosting of mega-events such as the Olympic Games provides a short period of intense excitement for residents and enhances the long-term awareness of the host destination in tourism markets. However, unless the event is carefully and strategically planned with destination and community development in mind, it can be difficult to justify the large investments required. This article focuses on two examples (the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics, and the Salt Lake City 2002 Games) in an attempt to demonstrate how “legacy planning” can help ensure that the hosting of a short-term mega-event such as the Olympics can contribute to the development and consolidation of facilities and programs that will benefit destination residents for many years.
The Relationship Between Place Attachment and Crowding in an Event Setting
Authors: Wickham T.D. , Kerstetter D.L.
Published: March 2019

Researchers have used the concept of place attachment to better understand people's attachment to recreational settings as well as geographic areas. They also have examined the phenomenon of “crowding” within these same settings and have adopted the notion that crowding is a negative evaluation of population density and has a negative impact on visitors' experiences. What we do not know is whether there is a relationship between individuals' attachment to a place and their perceptions of crowding, especially within the context of a community-focused festival. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between place attachment and visitors' perceptions of crowding at a First Night® event. Data were analyzed using a series of correlations between a place attachment index and six crowding questions. Results indicated that place attachment is positively related to an individual's perception of crowding. As individuals' attachment to their community increases so too do their positive feelings about crowds. These results challenge traditional notions about crowding and provide insight to festival managers interested in enhancing their relationship with the host community.
Design and synthesis of multivalent α-1,2-trimannose-linked bioerodible microparticles for applications in immune response studies of Leishmania major infection
Authors: Rintelmann Chelsea L , Grinnage-Pulley Tara , Ross Kathleen , Kabotso Daniel E K , Toepp Angela , Cowell Anne , Petersen Christine , Narasimhan Balaji , Pohl Nicola
Published: March 2019

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, currently infects approximately 12 million people worldwide with 1 to 2 million new cases each year in predominately underdeveloped countries. The treatment of the disease is severely underdeveloped due to the ability of the Leishmania pathogen to evade and abate immune responses. In an effort to develop anti-leishmaniasis vaccines and adjuvants, novel carbohydrate-based probes were made to study the mechanisms of immune modulation. In this study, a new bioerodible polyanhydride microparticle was designed and conjugated with a glycodendrimer molecular probe. This molecular probe incorporates a pathogen-like multivalent display of α-1,2-trimannose, for which a more efficient synthesis was designed, with a tethered fluorophore. Further attachment of the glycodendrimer to a biocompatible, surface eroding microparticle allows for targeted uptake and internalization of the pathogen-associated oligosaccharide by phagocytic immune cells. The α-1,2-trimannose-linked bioerodible microparticles were found to be safe after administration into the footpad of mice and demonstrated a similar response to α-1,2-trimannose-coated latex beads during L. major footpad infection. Furthermore, the bioerodible microparticles allowed for investigation of the role of pathogen-associated oligosaccharides for recognition by pathogen-recognition receptors during L. major-induced leishmaniasis.
A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)
Authors: Hata Harutaka , Motomura Hiroyuki
Published: March 2019

A new sardine, Sardinellapacificasp. n., is described on the basis of 21 specimens collected from the Philippines. The new species closely resembles Sardinellafimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847), both species having lateral scales with centrally discontinuous striae, a dark spot on the dorsal-fin origin, more than 70 lower gill rakers on the first gill arch, the pelvic fin with eight rays, and 17 or 18 prepelvic and 12 or 13 postpelvic scutes. However, the new species is distinguished from the latter by lower counts of lateral scales, pseudobranchial filaments, and postpelvic scutes (38–41, 14–19 and 12–13, respectively vs. 44–46, 19–22 and 13–14), and a shorter lower jaw (10.4–11.6% of standard length vs. 11.1–12.2%). Sardinellapacificasp. n. is known only from the Philippines, whereas S.fimbriata is restricted to the Indian Ocean, although previously considered to be an Indo-West Pacific species, distributed from India to the Philippines.
Italian media educational situation and challenges for the next future
Authors: Rivoltella Pier-Cesare
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to show the evolution of Italian media education landscape in the last fifteen years and also to analyse its main challenges for the next future. The starting point is an investigation on Italian media educational situation carried out in 2005, which provides us with significant and interesting data and hypotheses for the present.

Situar la realidad de la educación en medios desarrollada en Italia en los últimos 15 años es el objetivo de de este trabajo en el que, al mismo tiempo, se van a concretar los principales desafíos a los que deberá enfrentarse en un futuro próximo. Se parte para ello del marco de referencia de la investigación realizada en 2005 sobre el estado de la investigación en educación en medios en Italia, que ofrece hipótesis de trabajo y conclusiones que pueden ser hoy muy significativas.
Towards a media literacy: examples of the Portuguese speaking context
Authors: Reia-Baptista Vitor
Published: March 2019

The levels of media literacy, their nature or even their lack, can show differences or similarities, according to the local and global contexts where they are developed and practiced. The following examples, though of fragmentary nature, are an eventual contribution towards a better knowledge of existing reality in this field both in Portugal and in some other local and global Portuguese speaking contexts.

Los niveles de alfabetización en relación a los medios de comunicación vienen condicionados por las características de los contextos locales y globales en los que se desarrollan e integran los mismos. En este artículo se presentan algunos ejemplos concretos que permitirán obtener un conocimiento más cercano a la realidad que se produce en Portugal, así como en otros contextos de habla portuguesa.
Media education in the UK
Authors: Bazalgette Cary
Published: March 2019

Education about the media has been developing in the UK for at least 40 years. Various accounts of that history can be found elsewhere; this paper will just attempt to sketch out key features of the current scene, and to point readers to sources of more substantial information. Given that I work for the British Film Institute, a key player in this field, there is bound to be some bias in this account towards the BFI’s perspective: my defence is that, as every media educator knows, no account is ever completely unbiased.

La educación en los medios se viene desarrollando en el Reino Unido desde hace ya cuarenta años. El proceso histórico del desarrollo de los distintos proyectos que se llevan a cabo está recogido en numerosos documentos y estudios específicos. Este artículo, por tanto, sólo pretende definir y analizar las principales claves del panorama actual y mostrar a los lectores posibles fuentes que contengan información ampliada acerca del tema.
Media education in Germany: development and current situation
Authors: Tulodziecki Gerhard , Grafe Silke
Published: March 2019

This paper analyses the different trends in the current situation of media education in Germany. The discussion point is how to use the large variety of media we have in order to get really educative aims with a scientific basis. The German media education landscape shows not only a lot of different concepts but also a large number of projects on teacher training, school approaching and practical applications.

Este trabajo analiza de las diferentes tendencias y del estado actual de la enseñanza de los medios de comunicación en la República Federal de Alemania. La educación en medios de comunicación en Alemania se centra en la actualidad en el debate sobre cómo usar esa gran variedad de medios que tenemos a nuestra disposición, con unos fines verdaderamente educativos y fundamentados metodológicamente. Se observa, en relación a este tema, que hay no sólo diferentes ideas conceptuales, sino también diferentes proyectos de investigación y desarrollo, que se ocupan principalmente de las aplicaciones prácticas y de un acercamiento a los colegios, a los programas de formación del profesorado y a otros contextos educativos.
Implementation of a Media Literacy Training Program for Greek Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Davou Bettina , Nika Vassiliki
Published: March 2019

This paper places Greece in the European media education context analysing teachers´attitudes towards media. It describes a practical proposal consisting in the implementation and development of a media literacy training programme for Elementary School based on investigation and learning theories.

En primer lugar, este trabajo posiciona Grecia como país ante la enseñanza con los medios en relación con otros países de su contexto, reflexionando sobre las actitudes de los educadores griegos ante los medios y las perspectivas que ofrece la alfabetización en medios en la educación primaria. En este sentido, describe una propuesta práctica de una intervención formativa a través de cursos iniciales en las escuelas donde se ponga en práctica un programa de alfabetización en medios, apoyado por la investigación y por las teorías de aprendizaje.
Media education landscape in Sweden
Authors: Bergman María
Published: March 2019

In this paper we describe the Swedish media education landscape and Brigitta Qvarsell‘s perspective on the influence of technological development in media education in Swedish context. Results of data collection about the media consumption by children and young Swedish people are also included. The conclusion remarks the need for a new area with ethnographic and semiotic basis: media educology.

Conocer el «territorio mediático educativo» en Suecia, a partir de la perspectiva presentada por la catedrática y pedagoga Birgitta Qvarsell, es el objetivo de este trabajo, que reflexiona sobre la ciencia pedagógica de los medios, «media educology». Basado en el contexto sueco, nos ofrece un análisis global relacionando el impacto y desarrollo de la técnica con los medios de comunicación, reseñando sus influencias en la pedagogía y la educación, contando para ello con todos los actores de este impacto mediático. El trabajo recoge también datos de un reciente informe del Consejo de Medios del Departamento de Cultura sueco, titulado «Los jóvenes y los medios».
Values in sport: a pedagogical experience with the football match Barça-Madrid
Authors: Ginesta-Portet Xavier
Published: March 2019

Sport is very influential in our societies; above all, on youngsters. Young consumers are exposed to sport, not only at school, but also through the mass media. Sometimes, the values that teachers and coaches instil in their young pupils, sportsmen and sportswomen, are not the same values which they receive when they watch sport-entertainment events, through mass media or live. In this paper, we analyse an experience, a Barça-Madrid derby, to try to develop the critical capability of students regarding sport.

El deporte ejerce mucha influencia en nuestra sociedad; y, sobre todo, entre los más jóvenes, quienes consumen deporte no sólo en las escuelas, sino también a través de los medios de comunicación. En algunos casos, los valores que los maestros y entrenadores intentan transmitir a sus alumnos o deportistas son diferentes que los valores que transmite el deporte-espectáculo consumido en directo o a través de los medios. En este artículo se relata, a partir del derbi de fútbol Barça-Madrid, una experiencia para intentar desarrollar la capacidad crítica del alumno respecto al deporte.
Hypertextual rethoric: towards a model for interactive fiction analysis
Authors: Mestre-Pérez Rosanna
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a model for textual analysis in explorative hyperfictions that may serve as a didactic tool for teaching hypertextual literature in both middle and upper levels. The proposal includes ten sections (with descriptors, justification and examples for each of them) and is based on two conceptual premises: it is essential to make use of analysis models which respond to the inherent features of the interactive textuality, and to work with a teaching model that encourages comprehensive learning.

El artículo propone una metodología de análisis textual para las hiperficciones explorativas que sirva de instrumento didáctico de la literatura hipertextual en los niveles medio y superior. La propuesta contiene diez apartados (con descriptores, justificación y ejemplos en cada uno de ellos) y se fundamenta en dos premisas conceptuales: es imprescindible disponer de modelos de análisis que respondan a las características propias de la textualidad interactiva y trabajar con un modelo de enseñanza que promueva una asimilación significativa de los contenidos.
Technology changed scene or Pygmalion came true
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Llorente-Cejudo María-del-Carmen , Román-Graván Pedro
Published: March 2019

This paper gives a summary of how the different information and communication technologies have changed the societies which have used them through the years. Consecration and adoption of different technologies have fulfilled beliefs and expectations that eventually have come true.

Las diferentes tecnologías de la información y comunicación han cambiado con el paso de los años las diferentes sociedades por donde se han ido implantando. La consagración y adopción de las diferentes tecnologías ha consistido en procesos formativos mediante los cuales las creencias y expectativas que se les atribuían han hecho tal efecto que al final acaban por ser realidades y ante ella hemos de enfrentarnos. Ese trabajo refleja la invisibilidad con que las tecnologías han irrumpido en la vida diaria.