bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐resonant soft‐switching technique with linear current on switching cycle time‐scale for switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converters
Authors: Zeng Yangbin , Li Hong , Du Haitao , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2021

The switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converters have been widely applied to convert energy from low voltage to DC bus for the power generation systems with fuel cells, photovoltaic array, and so on. However, the large capacitance is generally selected to eliminate the high current spike of switched‐capacitors in the hard‐switching switched‐capacitor (SC) DC‐DC converters, which will lead to the large volume and weight of capacitors and of converters. To solve this problem, a non‐resonant soft‐switching (NRSS) technique with linear current on switching cycle time‐scale for switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converters is first proposed in this paper, which achieves zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) turn‐on of switches and ZCS turn‐off of diodes with linear current on switching cycle time‐scale. In detail, the NRSS technique is proposed based on the idea that the current of an auxiliary inductor on switching cycle time‐scale is considered as the linear parts for the resonant current of the auxiliary inductor on resonant cycle time‐scale. The proposed NRSS technique is utilized into SC DC‐DC converter and the current spikes of switches can be reduced to two third by using the same capacitance compared with the hard‐switching SC DC‐DC converters and be reduced to a third compared with the resonant soft‐switching SC DC‐DC converters. Further, nine new soft‐switching SC DC‐DC converters, with single switch and double switches, are built based on the proposed non‐resonant soft‐switching technique. Finally, the non‐resonant soft‐switching technique is verified theoretically and experimentally by three of the nine proposed SC DC‐DC converters. This paper provides a new way to realize soft‐switching during the non‐resonant interval on switching cycle time‐scale and a new method to significantly reduce the required capacitance in SC DC‐DC converters.
Plasma dynamics in the flaring loop observed by RHESSI
Authors: Mrozek T. , Falewicz R. , Kołomański S. , Litwicka M.
Published: December 2021

Context. Hard X-rays (HXRs) contain the most direct information about the non-thermal electron population in solar flares. The approximation of the HXR emission mechanism (bremsstrahlung), known as the thick-target model, is well developed. It allows one to diagnose the physical conditions within a flaring structure. The thick-target model predicts that in flare foot points, we should observe lowering of HXR sources’ altitude with increasing energy.

Aims. The foot point of HXR sources result from the direct interaction of non-thermal electron beams with plasma in the lower part of the solar atmosphere, where the density increases rapidly. Therefore, we can estimate the plasma density distribution along the non-thermal electron beam directly from the observations of the altitude-energy relation obtained for the HXR foot point sources. However, the relation is not only density-dependent. Its shape is also determined by the power-law distribution of non-thermal electrons. Additionally, during the impulsive phase, the plasma density and a degree of ionisation within foot points may change dramatically due to heating and chromospheric evaporation. For this reason, the interpretation of observed HXR foot point sources’ altitudes is not straightforward and needs detailed numerical modelling of the electron precipitation process.

Methods. We present the results of numerical modelling of one well-observed solar flare. We used HXR observations obtained by RHESSI. The numerical model was calculated using the hydrodynamic 1D model with an application of the Fokker-Planck formalism for non-thermal beam precipitation.

Results. HXR data were used to trace chromospheric density changes during a non-thermal emission burst, in detail. We have found that the amount of mass that evaporated from the chromosphere is in the range of 2.7 × 1013 − 4.0 × 1014 g. This is in good agreement with the ranges obtained from hydrodynamical modelling of a flaring loop (2.3 × 1013 − 3.3 × 1013 g), and from an analysis of observed emission measure in the loop top (3.9 × 1013 − 5.3 × 1013 g). Additionally, we used specific scaling laws which gave another estimation of the evaporated mass around 2 × 1014 g.

Conclusions. Consistency between the obtained values shows that HXR images may provide an important constraint for models – a mass of plasma that evaporated due to a non-thermal electron beam depositing energy in the chromosphere. High-energy, non-thermal sources’ (above 20 keV in this case) positions fit the column density changes obtained from the hydrodynamical model perfectly. Density changes seem to be less affected by the electrons’ spectral index. The obtained results significantly improve our understanding of non-thermal electron beam precipitation and allow us to refine the energy balance in solar flare foot points during the impulsive phase.
CORALIE radial-velocity search for companions around evolved stars (CASCADES)
Authors: Ottoni G. , Udry S. , Ségransan D. , Buldgen G. , Lovis C. , Eggenberger P. , Pezzotti C. , Adibekyan V. , Marmier M. , Mayor M. , Santos N. C. , Sousa S. G. , Lagarde N. , Charbonnel C.
Published: December 2021

Context. Following the first discovery of a planet orbiting a giant star in 2002, we started the CORALIE radial-velocity search for companions around evolved stars. We present the observations of three stars conducted at the 1.2 m Leonard Euler Swiss telescope at La Silla Observatory, Chile, using the CORALIE spectrograph.

Aims. We aim to detect planetary companions to intermediate-mass G- and K- type evolved stars and perform a statistical analysis of this population. We searched for new planetary systems around the stars HD 22532 (TIC 200851704), HD 64121 (TIC 264770836), and HD 69123 (TIC 146264536).

Methods. We have followed a volume-limited sample of 641 red giants since 2006 to obtain high-precision radial-velocity measurements. We used the Data & Analysis Center for Exoplanets platform to perform a radial-velocity analysis to search for periodic signals in the line profile and activity indices, to distinguish between planetary-induced radial-velocity variations and stellar photospheric jitter, and to search for significant signals in the radial-velocity time series to fit a corresponding Keplerian model.

Results. In this paper, we present the survey in detail, and we report on the discovery of the first three planets of the sample around the giant stars HD 22532, HD 64121, and HD 69123.
Methoxymethanol formation starting from CO hydrogenation
Authors: He Jiao , Simons Mart , Fedoseev Gleb , Chuang Ko-Ju , Qasim Danna , Lamberts Thanja , Ioppolo Sergio , McGuire Brett A. , Cuppen Herma , Linnartz Harold
Published: December 2021

Context. Methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) has been identified through gas-phase signatures in both high- and low-mass star-forming regions. Like several other C-, O-, and H-containing complex organic molecules (COMs), this molecule is expected to form upon hydrogen addition and abstraction reactions in CO-rich ice through radical recombination of CO hydrogenation products.

Aims. The goal of this work is to experimentally and theoretically investigate the most likely solid-state methoxymethanol reaction channel – the recombination of CH2OH and CH3O radicals – for dark interstellar cloud conditions and to compare the formation efficiency with that of other species that were shown to form along the CO-hydrogenation line. We also investigate an alternative hydrogenation channel starting from methyl formate.

Methods. Hydrogen atoms and CO or H2CO molecules were co-deposited on top of predeposited H2O ice to mimic the conditions associated with the beginning of “rapid” CO freeze-out. The formation of simple species was monitored in situ using infrared spectroscopy. Quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to analyze the gas-phase COM composition following a temperature-programmed desorption. Monte Carlo simulations were used for an astrochemical model comparing the methoxymethanol formation efficiency with that of other COMs.

Results. The laboratory identification of methoxymethanol is found to be challenging, in part because of diagnostic limitations, but possibly also because of low formation efficiencies. Nevertheless, unambiguous detection of newly formed methoxymethanol has been possible in both CO+H and H2CO+H experiments. The resulting abundance of methoxymethanol with respect to CH3OH is about 0.05, which is about six times lower than the value observed toward NGC 6334I and about three times lower than the value reported for IRAS 16293B. Astrochemical simulations predict a similar value for the methoxymethanol abundance with respect to CH3OH, with values ranging between 0.03 and 0.06.

Conclusions. We find that methoxymethanol is formed by co-deposition of CO and H2CO with H atoms through the recombination of CH2OH and CH3O radicals. In both the experimental and modeling studies, it is found that the efficiency of this channel alone is not sufficient to explain the observed abundance of methoxymethanol with respect to methanol. The rate of a proposed alternative channel, the direct hydrogenation of methyl formate, is found to be even less efficient. These results suggest that our knowledge of the reaction network is incomplete or involving alternative solid-state or gas-phase formation mechanisms.
Probing the low-mass end of the companion mass function for O-type stars
Authors: Reggiani M. , Rainot A. , Sana H. , Almeida L. A. , Caballero-Nieves S. , Kratter K. , Lacour S. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Zinnecker H.
Published: December 2021

Context. Past observations of O-type stars in the Galaxy have shown that almost all massive stars are part of a binary or higher-order multiple system. Given the wide range of separations at which these companions are found, several observational techniques have been adopted to characterize them. Despite the recent advancements in interferometric and adaptive optics observations, contrasts greater than 4 in the H band have never been reached between 100 and 1000 mas.

Aims. Using new adaptive optics (AO) assisted coronagraphic observations, we aim to study the multiplicity properties of a sample of 18 dwarf (or sub-giant) O stars in the galactic field and in OB associations to probe the existence of stellar companions in the angular separation range from 0.″15 to 6″ down to very low mass ratios.

Methods. We used VLT/SPHERE to observe simultaneously with the IRDIS and IFS sub-systems 18 O-type stars within 6 kpc and ages between 1 and 5 Myr. The IFS YJH band observations have allowed us to probe the presence of sub-solar companions in a 1.7″ × 1.7″ field-of-view down to magnitude limits of ΔH = 10 at 0.″4. In the wider 12″ × 12″ IRDIS field-of-view, we reached contrasts of ΔK = 12 at 1″, enabling us to look for even fainter companions at larger angular separations and to probe the source density of the surrounding portion of the sky.

Results. This paper presents five newly discovered intermediate (< 1″) separation companions, three of which are smaller than 0.2 M⊙. If confirmed by future analyses of proper motions, these new detections represent the lowest-mass companions ever found around O-type stars. Additionally, 29 other sources are found in the IRDIS field-of-view with spurious association probabilities smaller than 5%. Assuming that all sources detected within 1″ are physically bound companions, the observed (uncorrected for bias) fraction of companions for O-type stars between 150 and 900 mas is 0.39 ± 0.15, whereas it increases to 1.6 ± 0.3 in the separation range from 0.″9 to 6″.

Conclusions. These findings clearly support the notion that massive stars form almost exclusively in multiple systems, serving as proof of concept that supports the application of larger AO-assisted coronagraphic surveys as a crucial step in placing constraints on the multiplicity properties of massive star companions in regions of the parameter space that have previously gone unexplored. These results also demonstrate that the companion mass function is populated down to the lowest stellar masses.
Health literacy index in relation to drug information received from pharmacists
Authors: Widyakusuma Niken Nur , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Hazana Bella , Azzahra Shirrin Shafira , Dinityaswati Triyani , Rozanah Nur Amalina
Published: December 2021

Despite the significance of health literacy to health outcomes, there remains limited data on it in Indonesia, or whether drug information services provided by pharmacists can improve patients’ health literacy. This study aimed to measure the health literacy indices of health care visitors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and to identify whether the amount of drug information received from pharmacists, among other factors, is a determinant of health literacy. The research was a cross-sectional study using the Health Literacy Survey-Europe-Asia-Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Asia-Q) that was distributed to 400 respondents in pharmacies, hospitals, and primary health centres in Yogyakarta City. The relationships between respondents’ characteristics, including the amount of drug information received from pharmacists, and their health literacy index were analysed using Chi Square. Results: As many as 67.3 % of respondents had limited health literacy index scores. There was evidence that the scores were relative to the amount of drug information they had received from pharmacists (p ≤ 0.05). This study complements health literacy index data in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, and provides evidence of potential health literacy determinants.
How to Improve Physical Activities among Student in the Pandemic COVID-19 era?
Authors: Galuh Ayu Ratna Savitri , Supriyati  , Denny Agustiningsih
Published: December 2021

Physical activity is one form of healthy behavior, an individual’s efforts to maintain or improve health conditions. There are broad spectrum of benefit such as physical, mental and social if we do regular physical activity. Although there are many benefits, based on RISKESDAS 2018, it is stated that 33.5% of Indonesians lack in physical activity with the most categories at the age of 10-14 and 15-19 years. Physical activity associated with salutogenic concept which described by the Sense of Coherence value. This study aims to find how to improve physical activity of undergraduate students Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, University of Gadjah Mada during pandemic. Methods of this study used quantitative approach with cross-sectional design which held online by share google form link to respondents in April-May 2021 during COVID-19 pandemic and involved 360 respondents who were selected by proportion sampling. Instrument used in the study were SOC-13 questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire short self-administered and Social Environment questionnaire. Statistical test using logistic regression with STATA 14. Result of this study shows that Social Environment and components in Sense Of Coherence affect how a person’s motivation in carrying out activities that beneficial to health such as doing regular physical activity. The results are statistically significant (p-value 0.0000 <0.05). Conclusion of this study, to increase physical activity for undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic, a good social environment and sense of coherence are needed.
Su Jok Therapy for Managing Chest Pain During COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Case Report
Authors: Nurjannah Intansari
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has led people who were non-COVID-19 patient to avoid hospital admission and to seek help from alternative medicine. The aim of this report is to describe the management of chest pain at home using Su Jok therapy. Case report: A male 47 of years old complained of chest pain with difficulty breathing and asked for help from the researcher who was a nurse as well as Su Jok therapist. His sclera profile was recorded for analysis (sclerology analysis). Su Jok therapy was applied directly by the researcher on daily basis. Researcher also monitored his condition progress through checking pain point on his hands and also from his sclera profile. After two weeks, the symptoms subsided and the eye’s profile of sclera shows healing progress. Conclusion: The case study shows that Su Jok therapy may become an alternative therapy for managing chest pain.
In silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics examination of Andrographis paniculata compounds of Andrographolide, Neoandrographolide, and 5-hydroxy-7,8,2’,3’-tetramethoxyflavone inhibition activity to SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Rizqillah Raihan Kenji , Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar , Fadilah  , Sulhadi  , Wahyuni Siti , Sudirman Muhammad Arif , Nafisah Helya Chafshoh , Lestari Sukma Dewi
Published: December 2021

In this work, Andrographis paniculata compounds of Andrographolide, Neoandrographolide, and 5-hydroxy-7,8,2’,3’-tetramethoxyflavone inhibition activity to SARS CoV-2 main protease were examined through in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, with Remdesivir as control ligand. Docking score and MMGBSA were examined as well as molecular dynamics parameters: RMSD, RMSF and Protein ligand contact fraction. Our study found that Andrographis paniculata compounds of Andrographolide, Neoandrographolide, and 5-hydroxy-7,8,2’,3’-tetramethoxyflavone have comparable inhibition activity to SARS CoV-2 main protease in comparison to Remdesivir. 5-hydroxy7,8,2’,3’-tetramethoxyflavone has the lowest docking score, which was further validated by protein ligand contact fraction examination, although MMGBSA score is lowest for Remdesivir.
Forests burnability in Siberian subregion and post-fire effects according to modern and retrospective satellite surveys
Authors: Malkanova Anna , Zabrodin Andrey , Ponomarev Evgenii
Published: December 2021

The dynamics of fires in the territory of Eastern Siberia (the territory of the Lena River basin in the middle reaches) has been studied with the use of materials from retrospective satellite imagery. The dependence of the burnability of forests in the local territories of Eastern Siberia on the level of heat and moisture supply is shown. The range of the burnability index (the number and area of fires) for the study area under extreme drought conditions was revealed, confirmed by retrospective data. It is shown that potentially the average annual values of the number of fires can be 2.5 times higher than the current statistics. Based on the invariant NDVI and NDWI indices, a range of changes in the characteristics of post-fire areas has been identified, which indirectly determines the level of fire impact on vegetation and the humidification regime.
Using deep learning algorithms for texture segmentation of ultra-high resolution satellite images
Authors: Rusin Dmitry , Alehina Anna , Safonova Anastasia , Dmitriev Egor
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results of textural segmentation of satellite images with spatial resolution <1 m using U-Net convolutional neural networks. To conduct numerical experiments, a panchromatic image of the WorldView-2 test site on the territory of the Bronnitsky Forestry (Moscow region) used. The possibilities of automating the selection of neural network parameters based on genetic algorithms investigated. The proposed method makes it possible to effectively segment the main types of natural and man-made objects, as well as to distinguish structural classes of woodlands.
Digital processing of space images using global filtering in the frequency area
Authors: Tutatchikov Valeriy , Noskov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

In modern systems, remote sensing widespread two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) for processing satellite images and the subsequent image filtering. In this paper we consider the possibility of using combinations of high and low frequency filters to improve global images terrestrial surface.
Numerical investigation on the cooling performance of a novel jet cooler design for a supercritical CO2 turbine rotor shaft cooling
Authors: Li Jun , Gurgenci Hal , Li Jishun , Guan Zhiqiang , Li Lun , Xue Yujun
Published: December 2021

Numerical investigation was carried out to study the heat transfer performance for a high-speed rotating cylindrical surface subjected to single row array round jets impingement, under a very small gap spacing. Various parameters that affect heat transfer, such as the fluid density, flow velocity and Nusselt number distributions of the radius clearance were studied based on varied nozzle to target surface spacing H and mass flow rate. It has been found that the fluid density was a dominant factor and the velocity was the secondary factor for the gas jet heat transfer performances. The overall heat transfer was improved with a reduction in the number of nozzles, for given inlet mass flow rate boundary conditions. The decrease of H/di (di, nozzle diameter) may have positive or negative effects on the heat transfer performance from the impingement surface. Reducing the radius gap H, for a certainty, increases the average density of the fluid in the clearance, which is desirable in applications that enhance heat transfer performance. But when the radius gap (H) is small enough, increasing di may have a negative impact on heat transfer.
Hybrid skyhook mass damper
Authors: Chesné Simon
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to increase the efficiency of an initial passive Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) by adding an active control unit. A critical issue in many engineering domains is the design of fail-safe active systems. The proposed hybrid system aims to address this issue and realizes the said objective. It emulates the behavior of a skyhook damper parallel to a passive TMD. Skyhook dampers acts like viscous dampers connected to the ground, reducing the vibration amplitudes without any overshoot. It can be difficult to design a specific control law to obtain a desired dynamical behavior. The paper presents two ways to understand and design the hyperstable control law for Hybrid Mass Damper (HMD) (also called Active TMD), using the power flow formulation or the mechanical impedance analysis. These approaches are illustrated through the synthesis of this hybrid device and the emulation of the Skyhook damper. It is shown that a well-designed control law for this kind of system may result in high damping performance, ensuring stability and a fail-safe behavior. In addition, the amplitude of the primary system’s response is reduced over the entire frequency range which is not the case for the usual active or hybrid systems. Robustness is analyzed and compared to that of the classical active mass damper, and an experimental set up validates the proposed hybrid system.
Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Jalal , Azizi Kourosh , Alipour Hamzeh , Kalantari Mohsen , Bagheri Masoumeh , Shahriari-Namadi Marzieh , Ebrahimi Saeedeh , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad D.
Published: December 2021

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are one of the most common insects causing infestations in humans worldwide, and infestation is associated with adverse socio-economic and public health effects. The development of genetic insensitivity (e.g., target site insensitivity = knockdown resistance or kdr) to topical insecticides has impaired effective treatment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to review and meta-analyze the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in treated head louse populations from the beginning of 2000 to the end of June 2021 worldwide. In order to accomplish this, all English language articles published over this period were extracted and reviewed. Statistical analyses of data were performed using fixed and random effect model tests in meta-analysis, Cochrane, meta-regression and I2 index. A total of 24 articles from an initial sample size of 5033 were accepted into this systematic review. The mean frequency of pyrethroid resistance was estimated to be 76.9%. In collected resistant lice, 64.4% were homozygote and 30.3% were heterozygote resistant. Globally, four countries (Australia, England, Israel, and Turkey) have 100% kdr gene frequencies, likely resulting in the ineffectiveness of pyrethrin- and pyrethroid-based pediculicides. The highest resistance recorded in these studies was against permethrin. This study shows that pyrethroid resistance is found at relatively high frequencies in many countries. As a result, treatment with current insecticides may not be effective and is likely the cause of increased levels of infestations. It is recommended that resistance status be evaluated prior to insecticide treatment, to increase efficacy.
Diverging Playing Positions do not Lead to Differences in YBT-UQ
Performance in Youth Handball Players
Authors: Bauer Julian , Schwiertz Gerrit , Muehlbauer Thomas
Published: December 2021

Handball playing positions can be differentiated between first line players who
position themselves near the 6-m line and second line players who typically play
outside the 9-m space. Handball is characterized by a high number of throwing
actions that cause adaptations in the throwing shoulder. The objective of this
cross-sectional study was to assess whether the specific physiological
positional demands in handball lead to functional performance differences
between the playing positions (N=196; goalkeepers:
n=25; backcourt: n=99; pivots:
n=21; winger: n=51) in terms of shoulder mobility
and stability in any reach direction as assessed through the Upper Quarter Y
Balance Test (YBT-UQ). Contrary to our hypothesis, the results did not show
significant differences between the playing positions in shoulder mobility and
stability in youth handball players, irrespective of reach arm and reach
direction. The obtained effect sizes (η
p
2)
were solely small and ranged between 0.01 and 0.03. The adaptations following
the demands of the diverging playing positions do not lead to significant
differences in shoulder mobility and stability on the basis of the YBT-UQ. The
overall training load of youth handball players may not be sufficient to lead to
significant position-specific differences in shoulder mobility and
stability.
Orthetik bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Ranker Alexander
Published: December 2021

Die Versorgung von Patienten mit körpernahen Hilfsmitteln wie Orthesen,
Bandagen oder Tapes stellt einen wichtigen Pfeiler der konservativen
Maßnahmen der Versorgung von rheumatologischen Erkrankungen dar. Ziel
ist es dabei stets schmerzauslösende Belastungen zu reduzieren sowie
durch Destruktion instabile Gelenke zu stabilisieren um somit die
Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag so gut es geht aufrecht zu erhalten. Die
Teilhabe an täglichen Arbeiten kann dadurch oftmals verbessert werden,
was sich konsekutiv auf die Lebensqualität auswirkt. In diesem Beitrag
soll die Systematik von verordnungsfähigen Orthesen erklärt
werden und anschließend darauf aufbauend für wichtige, oftmals
betroffene Gelenke Stabilisationsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Die
Evidenz und die Verordnungsweise werden dabei wenn möglich
aufgezeigt.
Wenn der Hundesportler nicht rund läuft – Die
Bedeutung iliosakraler Gelenkdysfunktionen
Authors: Meermann Silke
Published: December 2021

Hunde, die im Leistungssport aktiv sind, werden oftmals nur mit dezenten
Beschwerden in der Praxis vorgestellt. Für Sportler und Besitzer
können diese aber wettkampfentscheidend sein, sodass eine korrekte
Diagnose und ein individueller Therapieplan wesentlich sind.
Welche Maßnahmen helfen bei der beruflichen Integration von
migrierten Ärzt:innen in Rehabilitationskliniken?
Authors: Jansen Eva , Hänel Patricia
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Nationale und internationale Literatur sowie eigene
Vorarbeiten zeigen, dass die berufliche Integration von migrierten
Ärzt*innen in Rehabilitationskliniken eine große
Herausforderung darstellt.

Methode Das Projekt „Strukturierte Transition und Integration in
der Rehabilitation“ (STIR) entwickelte partizipativ mit vier
Rehabilitationskliniken in Deutschland verschiedene Maßnahmen zur
strukturierten Transition und beruflichen Integration migrierter
Ärzt*innen. Zu den ausgewählten Maßnahmen
gehören ein Kurzfilm, eine Website,
Führungskräftetrainings, interkulturelle Trainings, ein Peer
Support Programm und ein Gesprächsleitfaden für
Startgespräche. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Vorbereitung,
Durchführung und Evaluierung der Prototypen der oben genannten
Maßnahmen im Rahmen einer Machbarkeitsstudie bezüglich
Akzeptanz, Praktikabilität und Integrierbarkeit.

Ergebnis Es zeigt sich, dass alle getesteten Maßnahmen im
klinischen Alltag gut umsetzbar sind und von den Teilnehmer*innen
akzeptiert und für nützlich gehalten werden.
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten werden beschrieben.

Schlussfolgerung Die Studie gibt erste Hinweise auf Interventionen, die
die berufliche Integration von migrierten Mediziner*innen
fördern. Weitere Untersuchungen zu Nachhaltigkeit und genaue Anpassung
an die lokale Zielgruppe sind zu empfehlen.
Bewegungsförderliche Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation: Konsequenzen der bundesweiten Bestandsaufnahme für die
Qualitätsentwicklung
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Sudeck Gorden , Wais Judith , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: December 2021

Ziel Dieser Beitrag zielt auf die zusammenfassende Analyse des Status quo
der Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen Rehabilitation im Hinblick auf die
Etablierung des biopsychosozialen Gesundheitsverständnisses mit einem
besonderen Fokus auf das Thema Bewegungsförderung; darauf aufbauend
werden Konsequenzen für die Optimierung der Bewegungstherapie
abgeleitet.

Methodik Um das Ziel zu erreichen, wurde ein dreischrittiges Vorgehen
gewählt, welches auf die Herausarbeitung von
Qualitätsdimensionen und qualitätsrelevanten
Handlungs-/Inhaltsbereichen für eine
bewegungsförderliche Bewegungstherapie aufbaut: 1.) die Analyse des
aktuellen Status quo der Bewegungstherapie in Bezug auf die
qualitätsrelevanten Charakteristika basierend auf den aktuellen
Ergebnissen aus dem Projekt „Bewegungstherapie in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation: eine Bestandsaufnahme auf Einrichtungs- und
Akteursebene“ (BewegtheReha); 2.) die Herausarbeitung von
Optimierungspotenzial und 3.) die Ableitung von Konsequenzen zur systematischen
Qualitätsentwicklung der Bewegungstherapie.

Ergebnisse Der Status quo der Bewegungstherapie konnte für die
folgenden Handlungs- und Inhaltsbereiche herausgearbeitet werden: Assessment und
Informationseinholung, Ziel- und Wirkbereiche, bewegungstherapeutische Angebote
und Inhalte, Arbeitsweise und Durchführung, Therapiekontrolle sowie
Zuweisung zur Bewegungstherapie (Schritt 1). Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichten, dass
das bewegungsförderliche Potenzial von Bewegungstherapie innerhalb der
medizinischen Rehabilitation bislang nicht optimal ausgeschöpft wird. Es
zeigen sich insbesondere Bedarfe für mehr Interdisziplinarität,
mehr Patientenorientierung, ein grundsätzliches Arbeiten auf Basis von
theorie- und evidenz-basierter biopsychosozialer Therapiekonzepte bei
gleichzeitig stärkerer Manualisierung und Standardisierung (Schritt 2).
Ansatzpunkte für eine Qualitätsverbesserung finden sich sowohl
auf der Programmebene, als auch auf der Therapeutenebene sowie der Systemebene.
Die abgeleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen (Schritt 3) zur
Qualitätsentwicklung der Bewegungsförderung in der
Bewegungstherapie beziehen sich auf drei Ebenen: a) die Personalentwicklung,
z. B. hinsichtlich der verbesserten Nutzung und Qualität des
Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungssystems, b) die Organisationsentwicklung,
z. B. Förderung der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit sowie c)
die Bereitstellung von Ressourcen, z. B. Zugang zu Informationen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die abgeleiteten Konsequenzen bilden die Grundlage
für die systematische Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung der
Bewegungsförderung in der Bewegungstherapie im Rahmen der medizinischen
Rehabilitation. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse können nächste Schritte
für eine Verbesserung der Konzept- und Prozessqualität einer
nachhaltigen Bewegungstherapie mit Fokus auf das Ziel der
Bewegungsförderung identifiziert und eingeleitet werden.
Oxidative Annulation of Diphenylpropanamides via In Situ Hypervalent Iodine-Promoted Intramolecular C–N/C–O Bond Formation
Authors: Liang Zhi-Peng , Yu Ying-Xin , Wang Yang , Wu Zheng-Guang , Sun Yuan-Yuan
Published: December 2021

An aryl iodide catalyzed intramolecular oxidative transformation of diphenylpropanamide derivatives is described that can readily afford the C–N/C–O coupling products in a single step. The speed of the 1,3-aryl iodide migration process determines the diversity of target compound generation in this reaction. This straightforward approach can be performed with the use of inexpensive and readily available catalyst, transition-metal-free, mild conditions and good functional group tolerance.
Aspectos prácticos en la patología venosa del pene
Authors: Duque Alejandro Fernández , Uribe-Arcila Juan Fernando
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es mostrar una serie de alteraciones peneanas que, aunque frecuentes en la consulta de medicina sexual, son minimizadas, la mayoría de las veces por desconocimiento de los terapeutas, aunque para los pacientes que las padecen sean genuinas tragedias personales. Hemos revisado la literatura disponible sobre un grupo de seis patologías venosas especificas del pene que configuran el grupo más representativo. Se incluyen las frecuentes e indolentes venas superficiales tortuosas, los cirsoceles o flebectasias, las fugas venosas dorsales, que suelen ser una patología congénita, las deformantes malformaciones venosas del glande, la desconcertante y enigmática enfermedad de Mondor, y las fístulas arteriovenosas, con su riesgo de priapismo de alto flujo implícito. Todas se consideran alteraciones patológicas que requieren intervenciones menores en su tratamiento, excepto ciertos casos de fugas venosas y de fístulas, cuyo manejo es invasivo, y que, en conjunto, buscan una mejor comprensión de los hallazgos cotidianos en este órgano.
Manejo no quirúrgico de la artrosis de rodilla: ¿Son efectivos los medicamentos orales complementarios?
Authors: Sotomayor Juan-José , Calvo Rodriguez Rafael , Figueroa Maria Loreto , Vaisman Alex , Valderrama Carlos , Figueroa David
Published: December 2021

La artrosis es una enfermedad progresiva de las articulaciones sinoviales que causa dolor, impotencia funcional, discapacidad, y degeneración progresiva de la articulación. En sus tratamientos, sobre todo en etapas tempranas, existen distintas intervenciones para evitar tanto su desarrollo y progresión como también para lograr un adecuado manejo de los síntomas, y hay tratamientos médicos orales no convencionales con evidencia controvertida. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una actualización, dirigida a especialistas en Ortopedia y Traumatología, respecto a la evidencia actual sobre las terapias complementarias orales en el tratamiento de la artrosis de rodilla. Se hace referencia a los métodos fármacológicos complementarios más usados y estudiados, mencionando el método de acción y las consecuencias estudiadas sobre la artrosis de rodilla. Se finaliza con una tabla de recomendaciones basada en evidencia actual.
Prevalencia de la osificación heterotópica tras artroplastia de disco cervical a los 5 años
Authors: Stepanov Ivan A. , Beloborodov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

Introducción En los últimos años, la artroplastia de disco cervical (ADC) se ha utilizado ampliamente en pacientes como alternativa a la disectomía y fusión cervical anterior (DFCA). Sin embargo, se han informado osificación heterotópica (OH) y fusion espontánea después de ADCs, y el desarrollo de OH puede dificultar el mantenimiento de movimiento después de la artroplastia.

Materiales y Métodos El procedimiento ADC con prótesis Activ C y M6-C se realizó en 127 pacientes. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 58.4 meses, con un rango de 51 a 66 meses.

Resultados Las osificaciones de grado 1 estuvieron presentes en 11 niveles (8,6%). Un total de 45 (35,4%) segmentos eran de OH de grado 2. Las OHs que produjeron restricciones del rango de movimiento estuvieron presentes en 13 (10,2%) casos. A los 5 años de seguimiento, sólo había 9 (7,0%) pacientes con osificación de grado 4 en el grupo de prótesis de disco artificial M6-C. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28,3 ± 5,6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49,5 ± 7,8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C.

Conclusiónes En este estudio, el 61,4% de los pacientes desarrollaron OH en un período de seguimiento medio de 58,4 meses. En el análisis de la supervivencia tras la ocurrencia de OH, la mediana de los pacientes fue de 28.3 ± 5.6 meses. El grupo de prótesis de disco artificial Activ C tuvo una supervivencia estadísticamente más larga (49.5 ± 7.8 meses) que el grupo de disco M6-C.
Análisis bibliométrico de la incontinencia urinaria masculina. Una mirada de los últimos 20 años
Authors: Sánchez Basto Catalina , Chaves Parra Adriana , Osorio Ospino Catalina , Saenz Becerra María Paula , Vega Johanna , Saavedra Daisy Ximena , López de Mesa Melanie , Ospina-Galeano Irma A. , Solano Mendoza Catalina
Published: December 2021

Resúmen

Introducción y Objetivo En las últimas décadas, la incidencia y prevalencia de la incontinencia urinaria han venido en aumento. Existen numerosas publicaciones sobre este tema, se han introducido nuevos dispositivos, y se han modificado las líneas de manejo de esta patología. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones sobre incontinencia urinaria masculina en las revistas indexadas.

Métodos Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo de corte retrospectivo de la literatura médica disponible en la base de datos Web of Science (WOS) en relación con incontinencia urinaria masculina entre 2002 y 2020. Por medio de la WOS, se obtuvieron las variables a analizar, y se elaboraron tablas y gráficas en el programa Microsoft Office Excel 2017.

Resultados Encontramos un total de 498 publicaciones en 88 revistas. Hubo un crecimiento exponencial de las publicaciones a partir de 2006. Las 3 revistas con mayor porcentaje de publicaciones fueron: J Urol, con 25,2% (125), Neurol Urodyn, con 16,5% (82), European Urology Journal, con 11,1% (55); sólo 5 de las 20 revistas con más publicaciones tuvieron un factor de impacto ≥ 3. El país que tuvo mayor porcentaje fue Estados Unidos con 21,2% (105), seguido por países europeos. En América Latina, el país con mayor número de publicaciones fue Brasil, con 2,6% (13). No se encontraron estudios colombianos con esta búsqueda específica.

Conclusión Este es el primer estudio bibliométrico sobre incontinencia urinaria masculina. Con el tiempo, han aumentado las publicaciones acerca de este tema, y la mayoría está concentrada en revistas de Estados Unidos y Europa. No es predominante la publicación en revistas de alto factor de impacto, y es muy baja la cantidad de publicaciones que aporta Colombia y los demás países latinoamericanos.
Percepción de la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer de próstata avanzado: un estudio cualitativo descriptivo
Authors: Parra-Morales Danilo , Reinoso-Chavez Natalia , Ruiz-Sanchez Carlos , Oliveros-Pasion Carlos , Posso-Valencia Hector , Arrieta-Vera Sergio , Cabrera-Fierro Marino
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Describir las percepciones de calidad de vida en una muestra de pacientes con cáncer de próstata avanzado de un hospital universitario.

Métodos Desde un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y líneas de tiempo para explorar la percepción de calidad de vida de siete pacientes con cáncer de próstata desde su diagnóstico. Por medio de un análisis temático de corte inductivo-deductivo, se identificaron las dimensiones de la calidad de vida que se perciben con mayores cambios a partir de la enfermedad y su tratamiento.

Resultados Entre las dimensiones que se encuentran más frecuentemente afectadas están las funciones urinaria, sexual y hormonal. Así mismo, los participantes describen afectaciones relacionadas con los síntomas generales del cáncer y su tratamiento, el estado de ánimo y las limitaciones en la atención por el sistema de salud. Por otra parte, los participantes reportan que su calidad de vida se ve fortalecida gracias a nuevos hábitos y prácticas personales, así como la consolidación del apoyo social, en el que incluyen a la pareja, la familia y la relación con su médico tratante.

Conclusiones El fortalecimiento de la relación médico-paciente basada en el trato cordial, disposición afectiva y empatía al momento de la valoración médica, y la consolidación de una adecuada red de apoyo social como mecanismo de afrontamiento ante el proceso de enfermedad se establecen como las principales estrategias para incrementar la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata avanzado.
Ultrasound-Guided Musculoskeletal Injections
Authors: Lin Jonathan S. , Gimarc David C. , Adler Ronald S. , Beltran Luis S. , Merkle Alexander N.
Published: December 2021

Musculoskeletal injections serve a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, with ultrasonography (US) guidance having many advantages: no ionizing radiation, real-time guidance, high spatial resolution, excellent soft tissue contrast, and the ability to identify and avoid critical structures. Sonography can be cost effective and afford flexibility in resource-constrained settings. This article describes US-guided musculoskeletal injections relevant to many radiology practices and provides experience-based suggestions. Structures covered include multiple joints (shoulder, hip), bursae (iliopsoas, subacromial-subdeltoid, greater trochanteric), peripheral nerves (sciatic, radial), and tendon sheaths (posterior tibial, peroneal, flexor hallucis longus, Achilles, long head of the biceps). Trigger point and similar targeted steroid injections, as well as calcific tendinopathy barbotage, are also described.
Biopsia de próstata, acceso transperineal bajo anestesia local
Authors: Carreño Dania , Gomez Andres , Torres Carlos , Solano Luis Fernando
Published: December 2021

Objetivo La biopsia de próstata es una ayuda esencial en el diagnóstico de cáncer, siendo el método más utilizado la biopsia transrectal guiada por ultrasonido (TRUS), con una tasa diagnóstica entre el 37% y el 45%, aunque no exenta de complicaciones como infecciones, dolor o sangrado.

El enfoque alternativo y seguro a las biopsias TRUS se encuentra en la biopsia transperineal (BTP), realizada comúnmente bajo anestesia regional o general.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la BTP bajo anestesia local y guía ultrasonográfica transrectal, con el impacto sobre la sensibilidad del estudio y la tasa de readmisión hospitalaria por infección.

Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en el que se evaluaron 83 pacientes sometidos a BTP con anestesia local y guía ultrasonográfica transrectal de enero de 2017 a agosto de 2018 en una ciudad intermedia de Colombia. La muestea incluyó todos los hombres mayores de 18 años con datos de historia clínica disponibles para su análisis, así como los reportes histopatológicos de las biopsias. Se excluyeron casos de rebiopsia o con datos insuficientes.

El análisis de datos nominales se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado, y el de los datos numéricos, con las prubas t de Student o de Mann-Whitney.

Resultados Un total de 83 pacientes, con media de edad de 65 ± 7.9 años fueron sometidos al análisis del estudio histopatológico. Se excluyeron nueve pacientes que no tenían información disponible en el registro clínico sistematizado, ni en historia clínica de formato físico. Se encontró una proporción de positividad y diagnóstico de cáncer de prostata en el 39.7% (33) de los pacientes, distribuidos así: grado de grupo 1 (69.7%; 23); grado de grupo 2 )15.2%; 5); grados de grupos 3 y 4 (3% cada uno de ellos; 2); y grado de grupo 5 (9%; 3). En total, 60% (50) fueron negativos para malignidad y, de estos el 54% (27) tuvo hiperplasia. El antibiótico profiláctico indicado en el 96.7% (80) de los casos fue una cefalosporina de primera generación, administrada en el 15% (12) por vía parenteral preoperatoria. En esta serie de casos, no se documentaron ingresos hospitalarios asociados a infección después del procedimiento.

Conclusiones La biopsia de próstata por vía transperineal es una técnica con rendimiento diagnostico similar al del abordaje transrectal: es segura, rápida, de fácil acceso, con bajo costo y, sobre todo, con un riesgo insignificante de infección y sepsis. Sus beneficios son altamente representativos en un sistema de salud como el de nuestro país, y la BTP facilita el acceso de la población vulnerable del área rural y de ciudades intermedias, en las que no se dispone de un urólogo experto.
Analytical approach for structural engineering design improves COVID-19 fatality monitoring
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2021

Hereditary mechanics technique draws analogies between fatality trends and bending behavior in materials to significantly reduce model errors compared to mainstay epidemiological modeling.
Measurements of work function and surface conditions in cesiated negative ion sources
Authors: Wada Motoi
Published: December 2021

Negative hydrogen (H−) ion sources are operated with Cs injection to reduce coextracted electron current. Injected Cs atoms adhere on the surface of the electrode with extraction holes and increase the local density of H− ions. The surface work function of the extraction electrode is the key parameter determining electron transfer from the electrode to hydrogen atom leaving the surface. Thus, the work functions of the target surfaces for obtaining fundamental process data were measured with the work function diode, Kelvin probe, and photoelectric method. The measurement of the work function of the extraction electrode accompanies difficulties as probe insertion blocks the plasma flow and photoelectric signals are small. Attempts made to monitor the surface conditions for realizing better ion source operations are summarized.
On-demand evaporation mode of sessile droplet by designing substrate surface wettability patterns
Authors: Wen Yongshuai , Liu Yongshou
Published: December 2021

A conceptual strategy of controlling the evaporation mode of sessile droplet that is demonstrated by the variation of its contact angle and contact radius through designing the surface wettability pattern of substrate is proposed. A theoretical model is established based on the geometry shape of the droplet and minimization of the total surface free energy of the droplet-substrate system. The model is implemented to predict the variation of the surface free energy during evaporation and is used to determine the time evolutions of the contact angle and contact radius. With this theory, a relationship between surface wettability patterns and droplet evaporation modes is established. Comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations are employed to validate the theoretical predictions, and the evolutions of the contact angle and contact radius during evaporation agree well with the theoretical predictions. The proposed technique to control the evaporation mode of sessile droplets is further implemented to control the deposition pattern of nanoparticles by liquid evaporation, which manifests that the theoretical model established herein could explain the underlying mechanism of controlling evaporation mode of sessile droplets and such method of designing substrate surface wettability pattern has potential applications in inkjet printing, nano-assembly, and nano-device manufacturing.