bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy in the management of atrial fibrillation: An observational study
Authors: Swathi G  , Yerakala Ramesh  , Pragna S
Published: July 2024

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) substantially elevates stroke risk. Managing AF with anticoagulation therapy is crucial to reduce this risk, yet assessing the balance between its efficacy in preventing strokes and the potential for bleeding complications is essential.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation therapy in the management of AF.
Materials and Methods: This observational study followed 100 AF patients at a government general hospital over 8 months to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation therapy. We analyzed stroke occurrence, bleeding complications, treatment adherence, patient satisfaction, and improvements in quality of life (QoL). In addition, we recorded patient demographics and baseline characteristics, such as body mass index, smoking status, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores.
Results: The study population was at a moderate-to-high risk of stroke, with an average CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2.9. The efficacy of stroke prevention was confirmed, with a 2% incidence of stroke events. Bleeding complications included major bleeding in 4% of the patients, with minor bleeding predominantly occurring in the first 3 months of therapy. Treatment adherence was noteworthy, with 75% of patients not missing any doses. High levels of patient satisfaction were observed, with 90% of participants reporting being satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment. QoL, measured through the AF-QoL questionnaire, showed significant improvement from a baseline score of 58–76.
Conclusion: Anticoagulation therapy in AF patients was effective in stroke prevention with a manageable risk of bleeding. High treatment adherence and patient satisfaction further support the therapeutic value of anticoagulation in AF management.
Loss of work-life balance, experience of stress and anxiety among professionals working from home - An exploratory study in a western Indian city
Authors: Gore Manisha Nitin
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Work from Home, (WFH) gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the emphasized positives of flexibility, productivity, efficiency, and saving on commute time. However, over a period of time, experiences of stress, anxiety, and depression started to daunt the WFH employees. A study of the impact of WFH on the work performance, mental health (stress and anxiety), and lifestyle of Indian employees is necessary for the generation of evidence that would contribute to WFH policy building.
Methods: The study was done online during the COVID-19 pandemic in the months of April-June 2021. A link to the Google form was posted on the author’s social media platforms, Facebook and LinkedIn.  The survey researched individual work performance, perceived stress, and anxiety, lifestyle practices, and experiences of WFH.
Results: Participants scored high on the dimensions of task performance and contextual performance. (65.3%) were under moderate stress, and (8.9%) were under high stress, and more than fifty percent (55.4%) were experiencing high-state anxiety. The effect of work distraction on perceived stress and state anxiety was found to be significant (p = 0.004).  Also, a significant association was observed between feelings of isolation and high-state anxiety (p = 0.005) and between anxiety and stress (p = 0.000).
Conclusion: Teaching and training mindfulness to WFH employees would help in coping with the stress and anxiety attached to WFH. Industries have the opportunity to conceptualize innovative and context-specific strategies to support WFH arrangements and employees’ well-being.
Ergonomic Design of Noseless Bicycle Saddle using UPVC/Silica-Aerogel
Authors: Periasamy Govindaraj , Sushil Kumar Sudheep
Published: July 2024

Introduction: During cycling most of the people suffer from perineal pain due to the pressure acting on the perineal area by the nose of the seat. Also Unsupported sitting on the saddle in a forward bending posture for longer time induce low back pain (LBP) among cyclists. So this paper presents the design of noseless bicycle seat with backrest using UPVC/Silica-Aerogel.
Methods: This seat is designed as per the anthropometric dimensions of human body. Various parameters such as Lumbar position, seat tilt angle, seat position, backrest angle, seat height, backrest height, seat and backrest width are considered and the optimal value is determined while designing. The material chosen for the base of seat is UPVC/Silica- Aerogel composite and the cushioning material is chosen as polyurethene foam.  The design is executed in 3D modelling software and validated using FEA package.
Results: The maximum stresses induced in the newly proposed material UPVC/Silica-Aerogel (4.41MPa) is lesser than its yield strength (59 MPa). The maximum anterior stress of noseless seat is found out to be 24.5 kPa which is lower than that of the saddle with nose (41 kPa).
Conclusion: As the anterior stress of noseless seat is lesser, the perineal pressure of cyclists is greatly reduced and this decreases the health problems associated with the perineal pressure. Also the backrest of the seatpan enhances the supporting of back muscles and reduces LBP among cyclists.
Role of Fluorescent Staining and Ziehl-Neelsen Techniques in The Detection of Mycobacterium Tubercle Bacilli in Lymph Node Aspirate
Authors: Raina Varsha , Gupta Kamna , Thakral Rajender Kumar , Mohan Alok , Kunika  , Kaur Harmanpreet , Tandon Kanav
Published: July 2024

Background Tuberculosis is the important disease of infectious etiology especially in the developing nations. It is a major health issue in India. FNAC is an economic and rapid tool having high diagnostic accuracy for LN tuberculosis. Present study was conducted to describe the role of fluorescent staining and Ziehl- Neelsen techniques in detecting Mycobacterium tubercle bacilli on FNAC samples of tubercular lymphadenitis.MethodsThis prospective study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, U.P. It included 100 patients having enlarged lymph nodes which were suspected of TB. After FNAC, cytological examination was done and smears prepared were stained with ZN stain and Auramine Rhodamine (AR) stain.ResultsTwenty eight (28.0%) cases were found in 21-30 years age group followed by 20 cases (20%) in 31- 40 year age group and 11-20 year age group. Most were females forming female to male ratio 1.7:1. Cytomorphologically, four patterns were observed– Necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis in 41% cases, Granulomatous lymphadenitis in 29% cases, only Necrotizing lymphadenitis in 19% cases and Necrotizing lymphadenitis with suppuration in 11% cases. ZN staining showed AFB in 35% cases while AFB was not seen in 65% cases. Out of these 65% cases, fluorescent staining was positive in 29%, indicating significant association of fluorescent staining with ZN method. Conclusions Only with the cytological findings of lymph node, it is difficult to arrive at confirmatory diagnosis of TB. Fluorescence Microscopy (FM) increases the sensitivity for diagnosing TB in underdeveloped nations with high tuberculosis prevalence, such as India.
Awareness and Occurrence of Hypoglycemic Episodes among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Under Treatment at a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Chennai
Authors: Senthilkumar Madeshwaran , Sathishkumar Kasinathan , Murugan Arun , Gnanavel Pavithra , Praveen Vijayalakshmi , Jayanandan Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Background One of the greatest threats to achieving tight glycemic control is hypoglycemia, which can lead to decreased drug compliance, cardiovascular events, and even mortality. This study was conducted to estimate the proportion of diabetic patients who have encountered hypoglycemic episodes and to assess the knowledge and practice regarding hypoglycemia episodes will aid the primary care physician to achieve better glycemic control of the diabetic patients and provide patient education to prevent hypoglycemia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted among 196 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus getting treated in Non communicable disease clinic (NCD clinic) in a tertiary care institution in Chennai. Participants were selected by consecutive sampling and data was collected using a semi structured interview schedule after getting informed consent from the participants. ResultsPrevalence of hypoglycemia was 75.0%. The first reported symptom of hypoglycemia was sweating (80.0%). The most common etiological factor leading to hypoglycemia was missing a meal according to the participants (90.0%). About 80% of the participants felt that hypoglycemia episodes could be prevented by taking the right amount of medication at time. Conclusions This study has established the high prevalence of self-reported hypoglycaemia in the urban setting. This urges the need for the physicians to enquire about the hypoglycemia symptoms to all diabetic patients at each visit. It is also important to educate these patients about the symptoms of hypoglycemia and the importance of reporting of such symptoms, which will help in adjusting dose and preventing future attacks.
Factors Associated with Enrollment of Household in National Health Insurance Program in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Timsina Koshika , Silwal Suvekshya , Mandal Punam Kumari , Basnet Saraswati
Published: July 2024

Background Health insurance is entrusted to make health services more equitable and decrease the financial burden caused by catastrophic out-of-pocket payments. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the enrollment of households in National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in eastern Nepal.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected from 189 households in Itahari sub-metropolitan city using a structured questionnaire. Chi-square tests was used to examine the association between NHIP enrollment and selected demographic variables derived from the data.ResultsThe findings showed that 63% of households were enrolled in NHIP and enrollment was associated with education, family type, ethnicity, socio-economic status, prior experience of illness, utilization of health facilities, and knowledge regarding NHIP.Conclusions Variables like education, family type, ethnicity, socio-economic status, prior experience of illness, utilization of health facility, knowledge regarding the annual premium amount, annual benefit ceiling, and renewal time found to be associated with NHIP enrollment.
Psychological Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Xavier Rose , Ravindran Sreya
Published: July 2024

Background To prevent the COVID 19 transmission and reduce the burden on health systems, schools were closed and classes shifted to home-based distance learning models with online learning activities. Being quarantined in homes caused great psychological burden to children. This study was done to study the impact of COVID 19 on mental health of children and their screen and sleep behaviour before and during the pandemic.MethodsAdmitted children aged between 4-14 years and their siblings of same age group were enrolled after getting informed consent from their parents. The information regarding their socio-demographic factors, screen time, sleep time, physical activity and psychological problems were assessed using Paediatric symptom checklist Questionnaire. Outcome was measured by the scores obtained according to their age. Screen time and sleep behaviour was assessed using the guidelines proposed by American Academy of Paediatrics.ResultsTwenty-seven (15.81%) of 171 children had psychological impairment. The 11–14-year-olds and children living in urban area were more affected. All participants had abnormal screen time with respect to their age during COVID 19 pandemic and 99.4 % had increased screen time compared to pre COVID era. Abnormal sleep pattern was seen in 26.9 % and compared with pre-Covid times 73.6 % of the participants had less physical activity. Conclusions Implementation of psychosocial intervention and lifestyle modification strategies at community level is the need of the hour. Post Covid era remnant and sequalae of psychological impairment needs to be assessed.
Prevalence of Malocclusion in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Suja , Giri Abhishek , Kafle Dashrath , Shrestha Sakun , Bhattarai Maria , Poudel Pratibha , Mahanta Swagat Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background Malocclusion is the abnormal relationship between upper jaw and lower jaw. It is third most common prevalent oral pathology. Different environment may contribute to malocclusion, so treatment may also vary likewise. Determining the prevalence of malocclusion of different geographic region, ethnic groups and gender helps to identify the distribution of malocclusion, which in turn aids in preventive treatments. This study is an attempt to assess the prevalence of malocclusion among the individuals of eastern Nepal.MethodsData collection was done by direct observation of the patients using probe and mouth mirror. Descriptive cross-sectional study method was used in this research. The malocclusion based on Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing and cross bites were recorded.ResultsA total of 429 patients were included in the study. Among them, 190 (44.3%) were males and 239 (55.7%) were females with male: female ratio 1:1.3. The mean age of patients was found to be 26.92 ±10.61years with the age range of 12- 65 years. Angle’s class I (75.1%) was the most prevalent malocclusion whereas Angle’s class III was observed in 16.6% of total samples followed by Angle’s class II (8.4%). Conclusions The most prevalent malocclusion in our study is Angle’s class I in both male and female patients. Crowding was the most prevalent occlusal traits observed whereas open bite was the least.
Female Engagement in Asian Workforce: Exploring the Impact of ICT
Authors: Duwal Niroj , Silwal Shreyeska
Published: July 2024

The labor market in Asian countries has both challenges and opportunities for women to participate in the work force. The aim of this article is to investigate the association of ICT, female education, and fertility with the female labor force participation in 48 Asian countries from 2014 to 2021 in fixed effect model. The results reveal that there is positive and significant association of internet use with female labor force participation, whereas there is a negative relationship between mobile phone usage and female labor force participation which is only significant at ten percent. Similarly, the control variables, GDP and female secondary school enrollment have also positive relationship with female labor force participation. The fertility rate has negative association with female labor force participation. Furthermore, it is found that ICT has significantly affected to female labor participation in Central Asia and South-Eastern Asia. The findings of this article explain that the ICT has increased female labor force participation, their empowerments and returns in the Asian countries. However, it is applicable for the appropriate policies of ICT usage in such a way that it not only increases female labor force participation but also increases the productivity of female workforce. The policy makers should increase the skill-oriented applications in both mobile applications and internet browsers. There should be restrictions on certain applications in the devices which reduce work productivity thereby assuring increase in female labor force participation.
Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Utilized by Bachelor-Level Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singh Ajanta Maharjan , Kalikotay Bhagawaty
Published: July 2024

Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic was challenging for the general population and the students as well. The classes moved to online and stayed at home with a safe execution was ordered. Many students faced distressing changes. Both behavioral and psychological coping strategies were employed to minimize stress. This study aimed to assess the perceived stress and coping strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic by nursing students.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Nursing students studying bachelor level in the Constituent Colleges of Tribhuvan University were the study population. A structured self-administered online questionnaire containing demographic information, a perceived stress scale, and a modified brief cope scale was used. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 25.76+3.13 years, almost half (42.9%) were from Maharajgunj Nursing Campus. More than half (53.8%) were studying in a Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNS) in their third year, among them 9.2% had medical problems. Only a few (5.4%) suffered from COVID-19 during this study period. Around 14.7% perceived a high level, 61.4% moderate level and 23.9% perceived a low stress level. The mean scores of approach coping strategies and an avoidant coping strategies were found to be 35.2 and 23.1 respectively. No association existed between the respondents' stress levels and the selected demographic variables.
Conclusion: Most of the respondents perceived a moderate level of stress and used a healthy coping strategies to minimize stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Medical Students’ Perception Towards Online Assessment
Authors: Reddy Kasarla Rajeshwar , Pathak Laxmi , Yadav Nikita Singh
Published: July 2024

Background: Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa, Nepal conducted online assessment MCQ tests during covid-19 lock down period. This study was taken up to measure/assess the basic science MBBS students’ perception towards online assessment tests.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted by administering Google Forms questionnaire to basic scinces MBBS students of UCMS during the period the period of 2 October 2021 to 30 December 2021, using non-probability purposive sampling. General information profroma for socio-demography, and a questionnaire on the lines of Likert’s summated rating scale to assess the perception of MBBS basic science students towards online assessment was constructed. Simple frequency tables, cross tables, and mean tables have been used to analyze data. Characteristics of the sample were categorized using mean and standard deviation.
Results: The overall mean and standard deviation for perception of online assessment tests were 3.17 and 0.65 respectively. The results indicate that MBBS students were satisfied with online assessment tests.
Conclusion: Online assessment tests were well received by MBBS students. The online assessment tests enhance student learning by allowing immediate feedback. Online tests should be conducted in medical colleges on a regular basis.
Training Workshop on Teaching/Learning in Health Professions Education for Medical Teachers: Feedback of the Participants
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Ali Afsar Nasir , Zebe Nudrat , Piryani Suneel
Published: July 2024

Background: For enhancing teaching skills of faculty members, 3-day Training Workshop on Teaching/Learning in Health Profession Education was organized at Bilwal Medical College Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan.  Main objective of the study was to assess feedback of the participants at New World Kirkpatrick’s Model level 1 and 2.
Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had 5-parts; 1) Demographics; 2) Rating of participants on attributes of training workshop at scale 1-10 (1=poor, 10=excellent); 3) Confidence level of the participants on skills learned in specific session at Likert scale 1-4 (1=Not-confident, 4=Extremely-Confident) on retro-pre-questionnaire; 4) Open-ended questions on strengths of workshop and 5) areas for improvement. The data was analyzed for central tendency. The data of retro-pre-questionnaire was normally distributed, so, t-test used for comparison of means. Data of open-ended questions was sorted manually.
Results: The rating on attributes of training workshop i.e. usefulness (8.59±1.18), content (8.53±1.12), relevance (8.59±1.23) and facilitation (9.18±0.95) was notable and overall (8.82±0.95) too. The perceived confidence level of participants was significantly (< 0.001) enhanced on five Skills Learned in Specific Sessions of Training Workshop: developing learning objectives (before 2.24±0.44, after 3.29±0.47 ); developing effective PowerPoint presentation (before 2.59±0.51, after 3.06±0.56), conducting large group teaching (before 2.53±0.72, after 3.12±0.60), developing lesson plan for teaching (before 2.12±0.60, after 3.18±0.64), and conducting small group teaching (before 2.76±0.75, after 3.41±0.51)
Conclusion: Overall reaction of the participants was constructive and their confidence level was significantly enhanced on specific skills related to teaching/learning.
Get Smart in Healthcare to Preserve the Power of Antimicrobials: Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Reddy Kasarla Rajeshwar , Choudhary Sidhy , Verma Aishwarya , Sharma Ritesh , Pathak Laxmi
Published: July 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the alarming health hazard to mankind. Unnecessary antibiotic usage leads to drug resistance, predisposes to opportunistic infections in immunodeficient and unnecessary economical loss to patient. This manuscript compiles & describes how crucial is Antimicrobial stewardship programs recommendations, strategies and implementation. Awareness and execution of institutional stewardship programs leads to better patient management, halt development of drug resistance and spread of resistant strains. This review is undertaken with an aim to discuss the development of an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and the key components and operating principles, and execution of these programs at healthcare facilities.
Ruptured Right Ovarian Dermoid Cyst in a Multiparous Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Gurung Saraswati , Lama Jyoti Bhaju , Neupane Sujata Khadka , Shrestha Salina
Published: July 2024

Ovarian dermoid cysts, or mature teratomas, rarely present with complications such as rupture. We report a case of a ruptured right ovarian dermoid cyst in a multiparous woman, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and management. A 31-year-old woman presented with acute lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Ultrasonography indicated bilateral dermoid cysts, with rupture on the right side, leading to emergency right-sided salpingo-oophorectomy and left-sided ovarian cystectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and histopathology confirmed benign cystic teratomas in both ovaries. This case underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing such uncommon conditions.
Micro and Nano-plastic particles: What are they and do they effect cardiovascular health?
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Robinson Jared , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indraneel , Van Teijlingen Edwin , Roy Bedanta , Singh Ashok Pratap
Published: July 2024

Microplastics and Nano-particles ( MNP’s) surround the world around us, and are now not only found within the natural external environment but are also found within our very own internal environment (our tissues). As the world has entered the 21st century and as technology has advanced, the use of plastics predominantly single-use plastics (which are polymeric materials) has rapidly increased to match the global demand and the lifestyle habits as well as creature comforts which are demanded by the modern human being. As time has passed and technology has progressed our understanding of these polymeric compounds and how they interact with our environment and the manner in which they affect our health has improved. It is however noted that our knowledge with regards to these MNP’s still has major gaps and further research is necessitated to understand their full effect on our bodies and natural environment. Micro-plastics and nanoparticles are also known as MNP’s, for a piece of plastic to be considered a “microplastic” it must be less than 5mm in length and a nanoparticle is deemed one if it ranges between 1 to 1000 nanometers in size. The ubiquitous nature of these MNP’s within our environment poses a threat both directly and indirectly to the human race. The majority of these plastic polymeric compounds are produced from petro-chemicals and have innate substances and toxins which contaminate organic living matter. It is clearly evident that MNP’s have a detrimental effect on cardiovascular health, the extent to which is unclear. Further larger scale studies are required and are imperative to providing an improved insight for legislation and governing action.
The Association between S.T.O.N.E. Nephrolithometry Score and Hemoglobin Drop in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Khadka Mohan , Bhomi Krishna Kaji , Shrestha Amit , Thapa Bineet
Published: July 2024

Nephrolithiasis is a very common condition with significant burden to patients. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is safe procedure considered as gold standard for large renal stones. The most common complication of PCNL is bleeding which can require blood transfusion to angioembolization and may even need nephrectomy. The purpose of this study is to assess if STONE Nephrolithometry Score can predict hemoglobin drop in PCNL procedure. A total of 104 patients who underwent PCNL during one year period from October of 2022 to September of 2023 were taken using consecutive sampling method. All patients with renal stones underwent routine blood tests including complete blood counts, renal function and electrolytes. CT scans were then done and STONE nephrolithometry Score was evaluated. PCNL was performed and hemoglobin investigation was sent at 24 hours postoperatively. The two data were compared with the STONE nephrolithometry Score and other factors. More than three-fourths (78.8%) of the patients had comorbidities with hypertension being the commonest (76.9%). There was a significant association of drop of hemoglobin more than 1 g/dl with age <30 years (p <0.034), higher preoperative hemoglobin (p <0.046), larger stone size (p <0.001), shorter tract length (p=0.017) and STONE Score greater than 10 (p<0.001). On correlation study only STONE score (p = 0.015) and larger stone size (p = 0.002) were associated with hemoglobin drops of more than 1 g/dl. STONE Nephrolithometry score is a good predictor of bleeding complications during PCNL and higher score is associated with more drop in hemoglobin levels.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Vitamin D among Medical and Dental Students of a Medical College in Kathmandu
Authors: Bhattarai Richa , Joshi Anup Raj , Pokhrel Asmita , Khanal Madhav , Poudel Manish Prasad
Published: July 2024

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the very common nutritional deficiencies which usually go undiagnosed and untreated. The main objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of vitamin D among medical and dental students. The pre and post interventional study was conducted among first year students of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery and Bachelor in Dental Surgery from July to September 2023. All the participants were asked to fill a form using a pre-validated questionnaire based on relevant literature for assessing vitamin D. We divided questions into three categories: knowledge, attitude, and practices towards vitamin D. Pre-test and post-test (after giving educational training) vitamin D knowledge, attitude and practice score of each participant were compared. Finally, the post-test total knowledge, attitude scores of each participant were calculated. Out of 140 students approached, 9 students from MBBS and 4 students from BDS did not respond (did not completed the questionnaire form). So, 127 (90.7%) participants were considered for comparison analysis in this study. Overall, there was a 38.6% increment in knowledge after educational training. In medical and dental students, there was a 39.6% and 36.1% gain in knowledge respectively. The proportion of knowledge increment was statistically significant (p<0.001). Also, overall, there was a 29.3% increment in their positive attitude. In Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery 22% positive attitude was developed after educational training and in Bachelor in Dental Surgery it was 47.2%. The proportion of attitude was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the MBBS category, 15 (15.0%) students were found to have good practice whereas 85 (85.0%) were found to have poor practice. In the BDS category, 12 (30.0%) students were found to have good practice whereas 28 (70.0%) were found to have poor practice. We found that after educational training there was improvement in knowledge and attitude of medical students on vitamin D but still, they need to implement it in their daily life. Though they have an average knowledge on vitamin D, there is a gap between knowledge and practice among medical students.
Study of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shrestha Mandira , Shrestha Sabina , Sah Kailash , Lama Lopsang , Tamang Poonam Bodh , Rijal Tara Devi
Published: July 2024

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) remains a notable cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and the costs of care for patients with AKI are also very expensive, particularly in developing countries like Nepal. The global burden of AKI is quite high specially in lo w-middle-income countries and has very limited data on the incidence of AKI worldwide and the data vary generally in different studies This is a hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study of neonates admitted at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) from January 2022 till January 2023. Among 318 admitted newborns, incidence of AKI was found to be 18 (5.7%) with male to female ratio of 3:1 in AKI group. The mean length of hospital stay was 13 days, which was longer in AKI group in comparison to non AKI group which was 6.3 days. The rate of neonatal AKI varied within the gestational age cohorts: lower the gestational age more chance of AKI as 28 -32 weeks (n=3/17, 17.6 %) had more incidence of AKI in compare to older gestational age as 32–36 weeks (n=3/50, 6%), and ≥37 weeks (n=12/250, 4.8 %). Meconium stained liquor and pregnancy induced hypertension were the maternal risk factors found to be associated with the development of AKI. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the commonest cause of neonatal AKI (44.40%), followed by neonatal sepsis (38.90%) and fluid overload (38.90%). In term of outcomes all the cases were discharged from non AKI group while among AKI group mortality was 4/15 (22.2%). Stage 3 AKI had poor prognosis with 100% mortality. Use of nephrotoxic drugs was the main cause of morbidity and mortality of AKI in both discharged and expired group. This showed that this vulnerable population need to be taken care early with effective management and awareness should be developed for the better understanding of the epidemiology of AKI in neonates as there is high risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Comparative Performance of Point-to-Point Multiple Input Multiple Output System under Weibull and Rayleigh Fading Channels
Authors: Neama Azhar Hussein , Ghanim A. Al-Rubaye
Published: July 2024

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies use multiple antennas at the sender and the receiver to get the high data rate that the next-generation communication system needs. This paper compares MIMO systems using the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying  (QPSK) modulation scheme for two-channel distributions of Rayleigh and Weibull types. The performance of the work is far with the Minimum Mean Square Equalizer (MMSE) in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) for various antenna number situations on the transmitter and receiver sides. The MIMO module is carried out using MATLAB code. The channel noise will be a signal of random noise that is generated. To mitigate the impact of inter-channel interference, the MMSE approach employs inverse filtering at the receiver, and BER will be calculated. According to simulation results, the system's performance is primarily influenced by the number of antennas; it decreased as the number of antennas increased, and the BER of the Weibull channel decreased as the two-parameter value increased
Interaction of Curing and Soaking on Collapse Potential of Nanoclay-Treated Soil
Authors: Aldarraji Suha , Ganjian Navid
Published: July 2024

This study examines the combined impact of pre-test curing and soaking periods on the soil's resistance to collapse those results from treating gypseous sand with varying amounts of nanoclay. The soil comes from the Iraqi city of Najaf. The soil sample is mainly sand. The nanoclay named "Montmorillonite K10" is used, and it is non-toxic. The tests are performed with a computerized Oedometer. The collapse potential is estimated according to a single Oedometer test (SOT), where the specimens are initially dry and then soaked under a stress level of 200 kPa. Four data sets related to the percentages of 0, 3, 6, and 12% nanoclay are used. Each data set comprises three groups of pre-tests for curing duration and different soaking durations. All experiments have a constant initial dry density of 1.64 g/cm3, water moisture of 3%, and gypsum content of 29%. The findings of this study show that the collapse potential (CP) of natural soil specimens decreases as the pre-test curing time increases. Generally, there is a decrease in CP due to adding the nanoclay and 6% of the nanoclay exhibited the highest reduction in CP. Also, there is an increase in the pre-test curing for the nanoclay-treated soil specimens, which leads to an increase in the CP related to the no-curing state.
Improvement of Air Compressor Cooling with Intercooler Fine Pruning
Authors: Kirubadurai B. , Jaganraj R. , Jegadeeswari G. , Jayabalan C.
Published: July 2024

An intercooler serves as a heat exchanger between the several stages of the working compressor, assisting in the transmission of thermal energy between fluids of varying temperatures. This article is about the experimental analysis of the effectiveness of an intercooler. Multiple variables oversee the performance evaluation under different circumstances. Standard operational values are used to calculate performance evaluation metrics such as total heat transfer coefficient and others. Heat rejection of intercoolers has been enhanced from 61% to 65% by the variation of different fin lengths. Furthermore, the recently added intercooler's isothermal efficiency, which reached an astounding 56.5% significantly, outperformed the earlier unit. This serves to highlight how well the intercooler design was modified. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Intercooler was assessed considering the circumstances during operation. The intercooler fin is primarily concerned with the performance of the air compressor. This work analyses the many characteristics of fin length, fin number, and fin diameter. When compared to the existing intercooler, this modified intercooler has a high performance
Tecnologías disruptivas en el supply chain y la logística: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Tinoco-Plasencia Christian Jairo , Falcón-Tuesta José Abraham , Mateo-Lopez Hugo , Quispe-Canales Gustavo Raúl , Juarez-Trinidad Alvaro Sebastian , Quispe-Lozano Raul Sammer , Cruz-Gutierrez Ariana Santa
Published: July 2024

El propósito de la investigación fue ofrecer un análisis exhaustivo de las tecnologías disruptivas en “supply chain” y la logística. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque documental y bibliográfico, utilizando una revisión sistemática como metodología. Se utilizó el diagrama PRISMA para la selección de la muestra, compuesta por artículos indexados en la base de datos Scopus. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión específicos, seleccionando artículos relevantes publicados entre 2020 y 2024 en cualquier idioma y utilizando cualquier metodología, con acceso abierto. Se excluyeron aquellos que solo proporcionaban resúmenes, duplicados o que no estaban alineados con el objetivo de la investigación. Tras este proceso, se seleccionaron 25 publicaciones para el análisis. Se identificó una amplia variedad de tecnologías innovadoras aplicadas en el ámbito del suministro y la gestión logística. Se encontró evidencia que sugiere que la implementación de estas tecnologías puede mejorar considerablemente la eficiencia operativa, reducir los costos y aumentar la competitividad de las empresas en el mercado.
Introducción
Authors: Sánchez López Gabriela
Published: July 2024

A mediados de 2019, comenzamos a trabajar como docentes en una academia de métodos de investigación con enfoque mixto. La idea de enseñar métodos mixtos desde los primeros semestres respondía a un nuevo plan de estudios que buscaba la convivencia entre maestros de diferentes enfoques, con la intención de subsanar las pugnas que se libraban en nombre de la suficiencia de un método sobre el otro. Tras la reformulación del plan de estudios, nos hemos esforzado por integrar la mirada cuantitativa y cualitativa en un mismo programa de trabajo, acompañando proyectos de investigación de estudiantes de psicología y ciencias sociales.
El análisis de datos cualitativos: tipos, momentos y procedimientos generales
Authors: Cornejo Hernández Fernando
Published: July 2024

El análisis de datos representa una de las actividades más oscuras y complejas de la investigación cualitativa, en particular para las y los investigadores en formación. Pero, si bien no existen fórmulas ni recetas para realizar este trabajo, sí hay una serie de procedimientos relativamente estandarizados que se emplean en distintos momentos de la investigación, como analizar la información conforme se va produciendo en campo, escribir memorandos para registrar el proceso de análisis, utilizar algún sistema de codificación para identificar e interpretar el contenido de los datos, entre otros. Producto de una revisión de literatura especializada, así como de experiencias, inquietudes y reflexiones personales en torno al tema, en el presente trabajo se identifican y discuten algunos tipos, momentos y procedimientos generales que caracterizan el análisis de datos cualitativos, con la finalidad de orientar, a partir de ofrecer distintas alternativas, a las y los investigadores que se están iniciando en esta labor.
El enfoque biográfico desde una epistemología–otra: la búsqueda de la construcción de un sujeto histórico y político
Authors: Jarpa–Arriagada Carmen Gloria , Parra Carrasco Yohanna
Published: July 2024

El propósito de este capítulo es resignificar el enfoque biográfico y sus amplias posibilidades para la construcción de conocimiento científico desde una epistemología–otra. En un contexto de clara renuncia de la lógica positivista y amplia apertura a nuevas epistemologías, la historia de vida representa una alternativa para dar cuenta de situaciones emergentes, complejas, y donde las subalternidades merecen ser visibilizadas y declaradas como existentes y legítimas. Para lograr este fin, se propone el enfoque biográfico como un andamiaje para sostener la técnica de la historia de vida en un encuadre metametodológico y transdisciplinario. En este derrotero, se discuten los fundamentos epistemológicos, metodológicos y ético–políticos de la historia de vida en clave de epistemología–otra. Proponemos armonizar los planteamientos de las epistemologías del Sur, junto a lógicas decoloniales, para postular una mirada transgresora a lo monocultural con claro sentido contrahegemónico. La historia de vida, así entendida, se propone la comprensión profunda no solo del/la sujeto/a, sino de sus circunstancias y vicisitudes históricas y contextuales, para transitar desde una historia meramente individual hacia la construcción de una historia colectiva. Desde un punto de vista ético, nos impone la deconstrucción tradicional de la configuración del objeto de estudio, para pasar a la configuración del/la sujeto/a co–investigador/a. En efecto, el/la sujeto/a que ofrece su testimonio debe participar de forma activa en el proceso, sin ningún resabio de instrumentalización. Desde esta mirada, apostamos por la vigencia de la historia de vida como reconocimiento a las trayectorias de sujetos/as con lógica histórica, social, cultural y ético–política.
Más allá del consumo. La hipersensibilidad
Authors: Pérez García Lucía Betsabé , Gómez Gómez Elba Noemí , Flores Gómez Miguel
Published: July 2024

Un adicto es una persona que, producto de su dependencia, ha visto fracturada su vida familiar, sus vínculos, su existencia y su proyecto a futuro. Muchas estrategias de rehabilitación incluyen el trabajo con las emociones, con la hiperemocionalidad o con la llamada “hipersensibilidad”. En gran parte de la literatura académica se afirma que, antes de serlo, la persona con adicciones es una persona con dificultad para el manejo de sus emociones; algunos hablan de que es un “enfermo o enferma emocional”, que es una persona “hiperemocional” —término que se usa como sinónimo de hipersensible. Este capítulo desarrolla el tema de la hipersensibilidad como una característica de la persona adicta.
Kaiser Haq, The New Frontier & Other Odds and Ends in Verse and Prose
Authors: Ian Almond
Published: July 2024

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Effectiveness of Hypertonic Saline, Polidocanol, and Glycerol as Sclerosing Agent: An Experimental Study in Javan Rabbits (Lepus nigricollis)
Authors: Harlan  , Mulawardi Mulawardi , Laidding Sachraswaty R. , Hamid Firdaus , Cangara M. Husni , Adriani Tom C. H. , Kusuma Muhammad Ihwan , Prihantono  , Warsinggih  , Faruk Muhammad
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic approaches to varicose veins include sclerotherapy, laser ablation, and surgery. Using sclerosing agents such as hypertonic saline, polidocanol, and glycerol can be an option in cases of recurrent varicose veins. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of hypertonic saline, polidocanol, and glycerol as sclerosant agents in an in vivo study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an experimental study on 24 Javan rabbits, divided into three treatment groups: hypertonic saline (group I, n=8), polidocanol (group II, n=8), and glycerol (group III, n=8). All animals received treatment by injection into the vein behind the ear, then vein damming 10 minutes later. Punch tissue samples for standard histopathological examination were taken from blood vessels at 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, and 45 days post-treatment across all groups. The histopathology changes were scored based on inflammation, proliferation, luminal narrowing, and fibrosis. RESULT: No differences were observed in the degrees of inflammation, proliferation, luminal narrowing, or fibrosis at different observation intervals. However, a significant and positive correlation was found between inflammation, vascular proliferation, and fibrosis with all sclerosing agents (p<0.005). No significant correlation exists in the scoring of luminal narrowing among any sclerosing agent (p>0.005). CONCLUSION: Hypertonic saline, polidocanol, and glycerol demonstrated comparable efficacy as sclerosing agents in vivo concerning fibrosis, vascular proliferation, and inflammation.
Decoding the Future: Genomic Sequencing's Vital Role in Communicable Disease Prevention within Public Health Practice - A Scoping Review
Authors: Harun Amin , Md Zamri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq , Zamberi Mohd Zafrullan , Za'bah Abi Khairul Aizad , Abd Aziz Siti Fatimah , Ahmad Fauzi Fatimah
Published: July 2024

Precision public health using genomic sequencing is a new field that has gained interest from public health practitioners for prevention and control measures. This study aims to identify the various applications of genomic sequencing for the prevention of communicable diseases in public health practice. Articles containing relevant keywords were determined using a systematic search strategy applied in Medline, Scopus, and Springer electronic databases. Full text included in the study was retrieved and categorised. A total of 24 articles were included in the final review. The main themes regarding the application of genomic sequencing in the prevention of communicable disease that were found in the articles were describing transmission patterns, investigating outbreaks, diagnosing infection, developing and evaluating interventions including vaccines, outcomes response treatment, and monitoring antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, genomic sequencing has the potential to enhance the prevention and control of communicable diseases globally.
ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE TO STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES USING VIBROACOUSTIC METHOD
Authors: Yalanskyy Oleksiy ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Barabanov Stanislav ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Improving methods and algorithms for assessing damage and cracking of buildings and structures structural elements using the vibroacoustic method to improve the safety of their operation. Methods. Analytical methods of wave theory and statistics, experimental methods for studying the spectral density of acoustic responses. Results. For the safe operation of buildings and structures, reducing operational and environmental risks in cases of partial loss of stability, it is important to carry out timely and rapid monitoring of internal damage to their structural elements. Based on direct Fourier transforms, algorithms are proposed for transforming the spectra of selected periodic vibroacoustic signals of the structure response of a controlled object to an exciting shock effect into rectangular control pulses for digital systems. To assess the damage to structural elements of buildings and structures, it is proposed to use methods of vibroacoustic control - longitudinal profiling and vertical acoustic probing. Methodological diagnostic parameters were developed during experimental studies of concrete tubings. It has been established that the absolute deviations of the parameters characterize the change in damage along the entire length of the section under study, and the maximum values of the deviations of the parameters show the location of the most unstable (dangerous) sections. Vibroacoustic studies identified areas with increased stress, areas of hidden cracks and damage in concrete. It is proposed to determine integral indicators of damage to structural elements associated with zones of acoustic audibility of normal resonant waves. These waves are recorded by a receiver with octave filters that pass low frequencies to the structures of various materials. Originality. The method of assessing damage and cracking of structural elements of buildings and structures using the vibroacoustic method, which is distinguished by algorithms for converting the spectra of selected periodic signals of the structure response of the to an exciting impact into rectangular control pulses for digital systems, has been further developed. Practical implications. Algorithms for transforming vibroacoustic spectra make it possible to automate monitoring of damage to buildings and structures in real time, to increasing the accuracy and information content of monitoring. Based on integral indicators of damage to structural elements, it is possible to identify the risks of the objects stability loss. Keywords: buildings and structures safety, vibroacoustic methods, diagnosis of fractures.