bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip and Thigh Anatomy of the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) with Comparisons to the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Carlon Burcu , Hubbard Chris
Published: January 2012

The clouded leopard (N. nebulosa) is an endangered felid native to Southeast Asia. It is considered to be the largest and most acrobatic of the arboreal cats. To date, published studies have focused on cranial morphology, particularly osteology and dentition. This study describes the hip and thigh morphology of N. nebulosa and compares it to the domestic cat (F. catus). A number of statistically significant differences were observed between N. nebulosa and F. catus that were primarily associated with muscle attachment surface areas rather than differences in overall morphology. F. catus had proportionally larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae latae, and biceps femoris, while N. nebulosa had larger attachment areas for Mm. gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and semitendinosus. By comparison, surface area analysis of nonfelid species (C. latrans and V. vulpes) showed more differences when compared to felids demonstrating that this analytical technique is useful for differentiating closely‐related species from more distant ones. These results suggest that muscle map area analysis may be useful for comparing phylogenetic relationships between and within groups of different species and may also suggest variations in locomotor habits. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐Mount Imaging Demonstrates Hypervascularity of the Pancreatic Ducts and Other Pancreatic Structures
Authors: El‐Gohary Yousef , Tulachan Sidhartha , Branca Maria , Sims‐Lucas Sunder , Guo Ping , Prasadan Krishna , Shiota Chiyo , Gittes George K.
Published: January 2012

Confocal microscopy in combination with commercial software is frequently used to generate three‐dimensional images of tissue architecture. Here we report a novel, whole‐mount imaging protocol technique that allows detailed three‐dimensional imaging of adult pancreatic structures. This technique provides an improved appreciation of the anatomical detail of pancreatic structures and of the relationship between the pancreatic ducts and islets. In addition, imaging of the pancreatic ducts revealed a previously unappreciated high degree of hypervascularity. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elephants Have Relatively the Largest Cerebellum Size of Mammals
Authors: Maseko Busisiwe C. , Spocter Muhammad A. , Haagensen Mark , Manger Paul R.
Published: January 2012

The current study used MR imaging to determine the volume of the cerebellum and its component parts in the brain of three adult male African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and compared this with published data from Asian elephants and other mammalian species including odontocete cetaceans, primates, chiropterans, insectivores, carnivores, and artiodactyls. The cerebellum of the adult elephant has a volume of ∼925 mL (average of both African and Asian species). Allometric analysis indicates that the elephant has the largest relative cerebellum size of all mammals studied to date. In addition, both odontocete cetaceans and microchiropterans appear to have large relative cerebellar sizes. The vermal and hemispheric components of the African elephant cerebellum are both large relative to other mammals of similar brain size, however, for odontocete cetaceans the vermal component is small and the hemispheric component is large. These volumetric observations are related to life‐histories and anatomies of the species investigated. The current study provides context for one aspect of the elephant brain in the broader picture of mammalian brain evolution. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing self‐renewal and differentiation by asymmetric division: Insights from brain tumor suppressors in Drosophila neural stem cells
Authors: Chang Kai Chen , Wang Cheng , Wang Hongyan
Published: January 2012

Balancing self‐renewal and differentiation of stem cells is an important issue in stem cell and cancer biology. Recently, the Drosophila neuroblast (NB), neural stem cell has emerged as an excellent model for stem cell self‐renewal and tumorigenesis. It is of great interest to understand how defects in the asymmetric division of neural stem cells lead to tumor formation. Here, we review recent advances in asymmetric division and the self‐renewal control of Drosophila NBs. We summarize molecular mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and discuss how the defects in asymmetric division lead to tumor formation. Gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function of various proteins in the asymmetric machinery can drive NB overgrowth and tumor formation. These proteins control either the asymmetric protein localization or mitotic spindle orientation of NBs. We also discuss other mechanisms of brain tumor suppression that are beyond the control of asymmetric division.
Randomized clinical trial of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease with a 5-year follow-up11
Authors: Barczyński M , Konturek A , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A , Gołkowski F , Nowak W
Published: January 2012

Background

The extent of thyroid resection in Graves' disease remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy (BST) compared with total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with Graves' disease and mild active ophthalmopathy.

Methods

Participants were assigned randomly to BST or TT, and followed for 5 years after surgery. The primary endpoints of the study were the prevalence of recurrent hyperthyroidism and changes in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Secondary endpoints were postoperative transient and permanent paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and postoperative hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism.

Results

Two hundred patients were included, of whom 191 (BST 95, TT 96) completed the 5-year follow-up. Recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in nine patients after BST and in none after TT (P = 0·002). Progression of Graves' ophthalmopathy was observed in nine patients after BST compared with seven following TT (P = 0·586). Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 13 and 24 patients respectively (P = 0·047). Permanent hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in no patient after BST and in one after TT (P = 0·318). No differences were noted in transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

Conclusion

TT for Graves' disease prevented recurrent hyperthyroidism but did not prevent the progression of ophthalmopathy compared with BST. Registration number: NCT01408368 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Chiral separation of N‐methyl‐dl‐aspartic acid in rat brain tissue as N‐ethoxycarbonylated (S)‐(+)‐2‐octyl ester derivatives by GC‐MS
Authors: Nguyen Duc‐Toan , Kim Kyoung‐Rae , Lee Gwang , Paik Man‐Jeong
Published: January 2012

A selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for enantiomeric separation and determination of N‐methyl‐DL‐aspartic acid (NMA). The method involved the conversion of each enantiomer into N‐ethoxycarbonylated (S)‐(+)‐2‐octyl ester derivative for the direct separation by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The diastereomeric derivatives showed characteristic mass spectral properties for analysis by selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) and enabling enantioseparation on an achiral capillary column. Two enantiomers were baseline separated, and the detection limits for N‐methyl‐L‐aspartic acid (NMLA) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) were 0.07 and 0.03 ng/g, respectively. When applied to rat brain tissues for absolute configuration of NMA, only NMDA was determined, while NMLA was monitored as lower than the limit of detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and Spectroscopic Identification of Selenofulminic Acid and Its Methyl and Cyano Derivatives (XCNSe, X=H, CH3, NC)
Authors: Krebsz Melinda , Májusi Gábor , Pacsai Bálint , Tarczay György , Pasinszki Tibor
Published: January 2012

Evidence for the existence of nitrile selenides, potential 1,3‐dipolarophiles in cycloaddition reactions, has been provided by direct spectroscopic methods. The parent nitrile selenide, selenofulminic acid (HCNSe), and its methyl and cyano derivatives have been photolytically generated in an inert solid argon matrix from 1,2,5‐selenadiazoles by 280, 254, and 313 nm UV irradiation, respectively, and studied by ultraviolet spectroscopy and mid‐infrared spectroscopy. Ground‐state geometries have been obtained from quantum‐chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Nitrile selenides are predicted to be linear with a relatively weak NSe bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Compounds, β‐ScTe and Y3Au2, and a Reassessment of Y2Au.
Authors: Chai Ping , Corbett John D.
Published: January 2012

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of the elements (Ta containers; 1573 K, 200 h for β‐ScTe and 1323 K, 7 d for Y3Au2 and Y2Au).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Change Induced by Terminal Sulfur in Noncentrosymmetric La2Ga2GeS8 and Eu2Ga2GeS7 and Nonlinear‐Optical Responses in Middle Infrared.
Authors: Chen Mei‐Chun , Li Peng , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling
Published: January 2012

The new compounds La2Ga2GeS8 (I) and Eu2Ga2GeS7 (II) are synthesized with yields of 50 and 70%, resp., by solid state reaction of the elements (850 °C, 110 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enhancement of the Luminescent Properties of a New Red‐Emitting Phosphor, Mn2(HPO3)F2, by Zn Substitution.
Authors: Orive Joseba , Mesa Jose L. , Balda Rolindes , Fernandez Joaquin , Fernandez Jesus Rodriguez , Rojo Teofilo , Arriortua Maria I.
Published: January 2012

Mn2(HPO3)F2 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of H3PO3, MnCl2, HF, 2‐methylpiperazine, and CeCl3 (autoclave, 170 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Optical and Photoluminescence Properties of Eu(III) Ion‐Doped Lu6Mo(W)O12.
Authors: Li Huaiyong , Yang Hyun Kyoung , Moon Byung Kee , Choi Byung Chun , Jeong Jung Hyun , Jang Kiwan , Lee Ho Sueb , Yi Soung Soo
Published: January 2012

Eu3+‐doped Lu6WO12 and Lu6MoO12 obtained by a citrate complexation route followed by calcination are characterized by SEM, powder XRD, UV/VIS diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Li2B6O9F2, a New Acentric Fluorooxoborate.
Authors: Pilz Thomas , Jansen Martin
Published: January 2012

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of either a 3:2 mixture of B2O3 and LiBF4 or a 2:1 mixture of LiB3O5 and LiBF4 under identical conditions [673 K, closed Ag crucible, 500 h; 1 K/h cooling rate].
ChemInform Abstract: A New Mixed‐Valent High Nuclearity Polyoxovanadate Cluster Based on the {V18O42} Archetype.
Authors: Wutkowski Adam , Niefind Felix , Naether Christian , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: January 2012

The new VIV/VV mixed‐valent compound (II) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis of NaLa(MoO4)2 Microcrystals and Their Near‐Infrared Luminescent Properties with Lanthanide Ion Doping (Er3+, Nd3+, Yb3+).
Authors: Zhang Jingchao , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Xinhao , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang , Peng Liping
Published: January 2012

Microcrystals of the title compound with various morphologies are synthesized from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3 and Na2MoO4 by a microwave assisted hydrothermal method (glass vessel, microwave irradiation, 180 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assembly Based on Keggin Cluster and Basketlike Cage.
Authors: Yu Kai , Zhou Baibin , Yu Yang , Su Zhanhua , Wang Chunmei , Wang Chunxiao
Published: January 2012

(C10H10N2)12 (PMo12O40)2 (SrP6MoV3MoVI15 O73)2·9H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO4, 4,4′‐bipyridine, H3PO4, SrCl2, and H2O (pH 3 adjusted with NaOH, 160 °C, autoclave, 4 d; 40% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: From 1D to 3D Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Structural Transformations Based on Linear Polyanion [Mn4(H2O)18WZnMn2 (H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2] 4‐.
Authors: Shi Lian‐Xu , Zhao Wen‐Feng , Xu Xuan , Tang Jing , Wu Chuan‐De
Published: January 2012

Compounds (III) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1.
ChemInform Abstract: An Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Compound Built from Polyoxovanadate Cluster and Mn(II) Complexes.
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Yi , Wang Yanyan , Liang Zhiqiang , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren
Published: January 2012

[Mn(teta)] [Mn(teta)(H2O)2] 2{V18O42(Cl)}·8H2O (teta: triethylenetetramine) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of MnCl2, NH4VO3, teta, and citric acid in H2O (pH 6, 433 K, autoclave, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Two New Antiferromagnetic Spin Dimer Compounds; FeTe3O7X (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: Zhang Dong , Kremer Reinhard K. , Lemmens Peter , Choi Kwang‐Yong , Liu Jia , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Berger Helmuth , Skourski Yurii , Johnsson Mats
Published: January 2012

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by chemical vapor transport reactions of Fe2O3, TeO2, and FeX3 (X: Cl, Br; 500 °C, 6 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual 3D 3d—4f Heterometallic Coordination Polymer Based on the Linkages of Sm2(IN)6 Pillars and 2D [Cu7Br6]nn+ Layers: Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property.
Authors: Fan Le‐Qing , Wu Ji‐Huai , Huang Yun‐Fang
Published: January 2012

{Sm2Cu7Br6(ina)7 (H2O)5·3H2O}n (Hina: isonicotinic acid) is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sm2O3, CuBr2, Hina, and HClO4 in H2O (pH 2, 180 °C, autoclave, 5 d; 26% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Tertiary Amine Modified Diarylprolinol Ether as Aminocatalyst for the Sequential Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclohexanes and Chromenes.
Authors: Shen Hao , Yang Ke‐Fang , Shi Zi‐Hui , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: January 2012

A combined prolinol silyl ether—o‐nitrobenzoic acid organocatalyst is successfully applied in the one‐pot reaction of aldehydes (I) with β‐nitroacrylate (II), phosphoryl acrylate (III) and toluenethiol (IV) to give highly functionalized cyclohexane derivatives (V) in high to excellent stereoselectivities (up to < 98% d.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Active Low‐Valent Niobium Catalysts from NbCl5 and Hydrosilanes for Selective Intermolecular Cycloadditions.
Authors: Satoh Yasushi , Obora Yasushi
Published: January 2012

The catalyst combination efficiently promotes the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of the terminal alkyne (I) with alkenes to allow selective access to cyclohexadienes like (III), (V), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of 2‐Iminothiazolidin‐4‐one with Different Reagents.
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , Ismail Mohadamed A. , Soliman Mamdoh , Shaaban Saad , Zoorob Hanafi H.
Published: January 2012

With a view to obtaining biologically active derivatives the title compound (I) is annulated to suitable electrophiles via cyclocondensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Selenium Dioxide Allylic Oxidation of (E)‐Dialkyl Alkylidenesuccinates to (Z)‐Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural Butenolides.
Authors: Patel Ramesh M. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: January 2012

The butenolides are formed via an exceptional (E)‐ to (Z)‐carbon—carbon double bond isomerization of the starting succinates.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Squaramide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Michael Addition of Various Thiols to α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Acylated Oxazolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Dai Le , Yang Hongjun , Chen Fener
Published: January 2012

Title reaction proceeds with high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% e.e.) for a variety of α,β‐unsaturated N‐acyloxazolidinones and thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Olefins.
Authors: Parsons Andrew T. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2012

Reaction of various unactivated olefins with Togni electrophilic trifluoromethylation reagent (I) proceeds under mild conditions to afford (E)‐isomers predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium—Alkylidene Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis of Fatty Acid Derivatives with Acrylonitrile and Methyl Acrylate: A Key Step Toward Long‐Chain Bifunctional and Amino Acid Compounds.
Authors: Miao X. , Malacea R. , Fischmeister C. , Bruneau C. , Dixneuf P. H.
Published: January 2012

A protocol for the ruthenium‐catalyzed cross‐metathesis of fatty‐esters from plant oils and optimized experimental parameters for the individual substrates are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Diboration of Cyclic Dienes. A Modified Ligand with General Utility.
Authors: Hong Kai , Morken James P.
Published: January 2012

The phosphonite efficiently promotes the enantioselective diboration of cyclic dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Activated Cyclopropanes by an MIRC Strategy: An Enantioselective Organocatalytic Approach to Spirocyclopropanes.
Authors: Russo Alessio , Meninno Sara , Tedesco Consiglia , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: January 2012

Cyclopropanation of arylideneindandiones (I) and arylidenemalononitriles (IV) is efficiently achieved applying α‐bromomalonate or related active methylene compounds (II) in a Michael‐induced ring closing strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Substituted Benzenes via the InCl3/2‐Iodophenol‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes.
Authors: Xu Yan‐li , Pan Ying‐ming , Wu Qiang , Wang Heng‐shan , Liu Pei‐zhen
Published: January 2012

The new, efficient, and widely applicable method to prepare 1,3,5‐substituted benzenes can also be used for the synthesis of some hexasubstituted benzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Selective Monofluorination of Benzoic Acids Using a Practical Auxiliary: A Weak‐Coordination Approach.
Authors: Chan Kelvin S. O. , Wasa Masayuki , Wang Xisheng , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: January 2012

Difluorinated products can also be prepared under similar conditions by simply changing the stoichiometry of the fluorinating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoroethyl‐Substituted Ketones from Aldehydes and Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Morandi Bill , Carreira Erick M.
Published: January 2012

The new approach includes diazotation of trifluoroethylamine (I) followed by ZrCl4‐promoted reaction of the resulting trifluorodiazoethane with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Aryl Azides from Aromatic Amines in N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidonium Bisulfate.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol Reza , Mohammadsaleh Fatemeh
Published: January 2012

An efficient and simple method for the diazotation and azidation of various aromatic amines using the ionic liquid NMP·H2SO4 as solvent and novel proton source for the diazotation process is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric α‐Allylation of Aldehydes with Simple Allylic Alcohols Enabled by the Converted Action of Three Different Catalysts.
Authors: Jiang Gaoxi , List Benjamin
Published: January 2012

The stereoselectivity is generated by (S)‐TRIP ligand with Pd(PPh3)4 catalyst and an arylamine as co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Malonates to Enones Catalyzed by a Primary β‐Amino Acid and Its Lithium Salt.
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Narita Mao , Hara Shoji
Published: January 2012

The title reaction allows an efficient access to a number of optically active 1,5‐ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho‐Acetoxylation/Methoxylation of N‐(2‐Benzoylphenyl)benzamides via Substrate Directed C—H Activation.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Revathi G. , Reddy A. Srinivas , Yadav J. S.
Published: January 2012

The title reactions can be carried out with success under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Acetonitrile with Primary and Secondary Alcohols.
Authors: Sawaguchi Takuya , Obora Yasushi
Published: January 2012

A very clean and atom‐economical method for the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Highly Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Direct Alkenylation of Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes.
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Xingang
Published: January 2012

An efficient and reliable method for the synthesis of the compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Cross‐Coupling of α‐Bromocarboxylic Acid Derivatives with Aryl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Jin Masayoshi , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: January 2012

A simple and effective method for the synthesis of the compounds (III) and (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Fe‐Complexes as Catalysts for the Ligand‐Free Regioselective Allylic Sulfenylation.
Authors: Holzwarth Michael S. , Frey Wolfgang , Plietker Bernd
Published: January 2012

Binuclear Fe‐complexes are prepared and applied as potent catalysts for the regioselective allylic sulfenylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon—Sulfur Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides with Indium Tris(organothiolates).
Authors: Mo Juntae , Eom Dahan , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Phil Ho
Published: January 2012

The presented title reaction proceeds with aryl chlorides bearing an electron‐withdrawing group, also in the presence of the labile ethoxycarbonyl and formyl groups, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Sulfones from Alkyl Phenyl Sulfones and N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl) Aldimines.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Ya , Xu Wei , Zheng Wenrui , Zhou Pei , Sun Zhihua
Published: January 2012

The title reaction can be applied to non‐enolizable, enolizable, aromatic, and heterocyclic imines and affords the corresponding amino sulfones in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/C‐Catalyzed and Water‐Mediated Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reaction Using an Electron‐Deficient Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Yanase Takayoshi , Mori Shigeki , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: January 2012

The addition of a small amount of water to anhydrous toluene as the solvent in the title reaction between aryl halides(I) and aryltrialkoxysilanes (II) significantly enhances the reaction efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Additive‐Free Aryl Addition to Aldehydes Using Perhydrobenzoxazines as Ligands and Boroxins as Aryl Source.
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Nieto Javier , Andres Celia
Published: January 2012

The enantiocontrol of the title reaction is not significantly influenced by electronic effects or steric hindrance.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Fe—Cu Cocatalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Jena Ashis Kumar , Mohapatra Sasmita
Published: January 2012

The heterogeneous magnetic catalytic system for the C—C cross‐coupling of alkynes (I) with aryl halides (II) and (IV) exploits the synergistic effects of iron and copper in copper ferrite nanoparticles for the alkynylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Iron(III) Complex Bearing Tridentate β‐Aminoketonato Ligand: Application to Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Arylmagnesium Bromides with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Ando Hiroaki , Nagaya Makoto , Hinago Hideto , Ito Takashi , Asami Masatoshi
Published: January 2012

The iron complex acts as an efficient catalyst for the title reaction by a simple procedure without an additive and within short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Aryl/Alkenyl Silyl Ethers with Grignard Reagents Through Nickel‐Catalyzed C—O Bond Activation.
Authors: Zhao Fei , Yu Da‐Gang , Zhu Ru‐Yi , Xi Zhenfeng , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: January 2012

The investigation of title reaction, which provides a new strategy of silyl protection/C‐C bond formation sequence, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Carboelimination and Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Benzocyclobutenols with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Chtchemelinine Andrei , Rosa David , Orellana Arturo
Published: January 2012

The method provides a new and efficient approach to 2‐functionalized biaryls.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis: Enantioselective Formal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes and N‐Sulfinylanilines.
Authors: Jian Teng‐Yue , He Lin , Tang Cen , Ye Song
Published: January 2012

The use of PGT and IOT as chiral catalysts allows the highly enantioselective synthesis of both enantiomers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Dioxide Triggered and Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction: Efficient Construction of Highly Substituted 3(2H)‐Furanones from Nitriles and Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Liangbin , Yuan Gaoqing , Ren Yanwei
Published: January 2012

The reaction is triggered by cycloaddition of CO2, where one of the oxygens is incorporated into the furanone structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phenoxy‐N‐phenylacetamide Derivatives as Novel P‐Glycoprotein Inhibitors.
Authors: Lee Kyeong , Roh Sang Hee , Xia Yan , Kang Keon Wook
Published: January 2012

New phenoxy‐N‐phenylacetamide derivatives are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit P‐glycoprotein.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction of Indoles with 5‐Hydroxyfuran‐2(5H)‐one: Access to Chiral γ‐Lactones and γ‐Lactams via a Ugi 4‐Center 3‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Riguet Emmanuel
Published: January 2012

The prolinol‐catalyzed treatment of indoles with the furanone (II) followed by reduction and lactonization provides an efficient approach to chiral lactones of type (III) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of (Carbazolylamino)furan‐2(5H)‐one and Carbazolyltetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Ramesh Subburethinam , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: January 2012

as skeletons of natural products
ChemInform Abstract: A Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidation—Cyclopropanation Sequence of 1,6‐Enynes: A Convenient Access to [n.1.0]Bicycloalkanes.
Authors: Qian Deyun , Zhang Junliang
Published: January 2012

A gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidation—cyclopropanation sequence of enynes, e.g. (I), (III) and (V) with pyridine N‐oxide or 8‐methylquinoline N‐oxide as external oxidant is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cascade Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones.
Authors: Zea Alex , Alba Andrea‐Nekane R. , Mazzanti Andrea , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon
Published: January 2012

A new organocatalytic cascade reaction for obtaining spiropyrazolones with four chiral centers is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐ (4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)pyrazoles.
Authors: Dong Wang‐Jun , Cui Fu‐Hong , Gao Zhong‐Lian , Li Rong‐Shan , Shen Guo‐Liang , Dong Heng‐Shan
Published: January 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization from ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Diverse 2‐Pyrones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings of 3‐Bromo‐4‐tosyloxy‐2‐pyrone.
Authors: Lei Xiaoli , Gao Liang , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan , Wu Jie
Published: January 2012

The title method is based on the different reactivity of the halide and pseudohalide substituents at pyrone (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Derivatives of Alkyl 2‐(Cyanomethyl)‐4‐methyl‐3‐quinolinecarboxylates.
Authors: Degtyarenko Alexey S. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Volovenko Yulian M.
Published: January 2012

Most of the products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Enantioselective Access to 4‐Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines by Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Theissmann Thomas , Stoeckel Mirjam , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: January 2012

The applied hydrogenation protocol offers convenient access to a broad range of chiral 4‐substituted tetrahydroquinolines with high enantioselectivity under mild and metal‐free reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Palladium/Charcoal‐Copper(I) Iodide (Pd/C—CuI) Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization from 2‐Bromonicotinic Acid (= 2‐Bromopyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acid) and Ethynylarenes to 4‐Azaphthalides (= Furo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5(7H)‐ones) and 5‐Azaisocoumarins (= 5H‐Pyrano[4,3‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones).
Authors: Begouin Agathe , Queiroz Maria‐Joao R. P.
Published: January 2012

The tandem Sonogashira coupling—cyclization of bromonicotinic acid (I) with (het)arylethynes (II) and (V) provides access to a mixture of azaphthalides (III), (VI) and azacoumarins (IV), (VII), resp., due to competing 5‐exo‐dig and 6‐endo‐dig cyclization pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient, Chemoselective Syntheses of 2‐Methoxy‐4‐substituted Pyrimidines.
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Cheng Chuanjie , Liu Hongtao , Liu Bo
Published: January 2012

The compound (I) can be easily prepared from commercially available 2,4‐dichloropyrimidine.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Azido‐Ketenimines and Azido‐Carbodiimides. Synthesis of Indolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines and Tetrazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolines.
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Bonillo Baltasar , Ortin Maria‐Mar , Orenes Raul‐Angel , Vidal Angel
Published: January 2012

A series of azido‐ketenimines (V) and azido‐carbodiimines (XII) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of α‐Keto Phosphonates with 2‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)furan Catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2.
Authors: Yu Jipan , Zhao Xiaona , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu
Published: January 2012

A wide range of stereoselective novel functionalized tertiary α‐hydroxy phosphonates are obtained in high yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Imidoyl Isoselenocyanates with Aromatic 2‐Amino N‐Heterocycles and 1‐Methyl‐1H‐imidazole.
Authors: Zhou Yuehui , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz
Published: January 2012

New Se‐containing heterocycles are synthesized by reaction of isoselenocyanates with various amidine‐like molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Fuscoside E: A Strong Antiinflammatory Diterpene from Caribbean Octocoral Eunicea fusca.
Authors: Reina Eduardo , Puentes Carlos , Rojas Juan , Garcia Josue , Ramos Freddy A. , Castellanos Leonardo , Aragon Marcela , Ospina Luis F.
Published: January 2012

A new diterpene, fuscoside E (I), is isolated along with two known fuscosides, (+)‐germacrene and a mixture of six known sterols from the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea fusca. The new diterpene (I) and one of the known fuscosides show strong anti‐inflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pimarane Diterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus Eutypella sp. BCC 13199.
Authors: Isaka Masahiko , Palasarn Somporn , Prathumpai Wai , Laksanacharoen Pattiyaa
Published: January 2012

Two new pimarane‐type diterpenes named eutypellones A (I) and B (II) are isolated from the endophytic fungus Eutypella sp.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐Flavipucine (I), the Missing Member of the Pyridione Epoxide Family of Fungal Antibiotics
Authors: Loesgen Sandra , Bruhn Torsten , Meindl Kathrin , Dix Ina , Schulz Barbara , Zeeck Axel , Bringmann Gerhard
Published: January 2012

isolation, structure elucidation, and screening of antimicrobial activity
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory and Antiulcer Activity of Conjugates of Amino Acids with Nifedipine.
Authors: Subudhi Bharat Bhusan , Sahoo Shakti Prasanna
Published: January 2012

10 Compounds of type (I) are prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiulcer activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of PF‐184563, a Potent and Selective V1a Antagonist for the Treatment of Dysmenorrhoea. The Influence of Compound Flexibility on Microsomal Stability.
Authors: Ryckmans Thomas , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Varying a known but highly lipophilic and metabolically unstable lead, a series of derivatives with a reduced number of rotable bonds are synthesized in order to decrease cytochrome P450‐mediated metabolism.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Ogawa Makoto , Inomata Kazuya
Published: January 2012

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Microstructure Analysis of Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys and Related Compounds
Authors: Murakami Y. , Kainuma R. , Shindo D. , Tonomura A.
Published: January 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Coordination and Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Kharissova Oxana V. , Kharisov Boris I. , Ortiz Mendez Ubaldo
Published: January 2012

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Coordination Compounds
Authors: Petrosyants S. P. , Ilyukhin A. B.
Published: January 2012

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Porous Coordination Polymers/Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Horike Satoshi , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: January 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Participation of Protecting Groups at Remote Positions of Donors in Glycosylations
Authors: Kim Kwan Soo , Suk Dae‐Hwan
Published: January 2012

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Glycosylation Reaction Using Axial‐Rich Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Yamada Hidetoshi
Published: January 2012

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds
Authors: Pajkert Romana , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: January 2012

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Chalcogenides
Authors: Keglevich G.
Published: January 2012

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation Reactions Mediated by Group 9 Metal Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Intrieri Daniela , Caselli Alessandro , Gallo Emma
Published: January 2012

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: [2.2]Paracyclophane Derivatives: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Paradies Jan
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A STM Perspective on Covalent Intermolecular Coupling Reactions on Surfaces
Authors: Lackinger M. , Heckl W. M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis and Charging of Pyrrolysine, the 22nd Genetically Encoded Amino Acid
Authors: Hertweck Christian
Published: January 2012

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors as Potential Antibiotics
Authors: Vondenhoff Gaston H. M. , Van Aerschot Arthur
Published: January 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids as Hypergolic Fuels
Authors: Zhang Yanqiang , Gao Haixiang , Joo Young‐Hyuk , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: January 2012

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Sonocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
Authors: Melero Juan A. , Martinez Fernando , Molina Raul , Segura Yolanda
Published: January 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Complexes of Constrained Polyphosphines — Discovery and Investigation of “Through‐Space” NMR Spin‐Spin Couplings in Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: January 2012

Review: 68 refs.
Comprehensive Photophysical Behaviour of Ethynyl Fluorenes and Ethynyl Anthracenes Investigated by Fast and Ultrafast Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Carlotti Benedetta , Flamini Rebecca , Spalletti Anna , Marrocchi Assunta , Elisei Fausto
Published: January 2012

Detailed investigations by time‐resolved transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies with nano‐ and femtosecond time resolutions are carried out with the aim of characterising the lowest excited singlet and triplet states of three ethynyl fluorenes (1–3) and three ethynyl anthracenes (4–6) in solvents of different polarity. The solvent is found to modify the deactivation pathways of the lowest excited singlet state of compounds 1–4, thus changing their fluorescence, intersystem crossing and internal conversion efficiencies. The fluorescence and triplet yields gradually decrease, while the internal conversion quantum yield increases upon increasing the solvent dielectric constant. These experimental results, coupled with the marked fluorosolvatochromic effect, point to the involvement of an emitting state with a charge‐transfer (CT) character, strongly stabilised by polar solvents. This is proved by ultrafast spectroscopic studies in which two transients, distinguished by characteristic spectral shapes assigned to locally excited (LE) and CT states, are detected, the CT state being the longer lived and fluorescent one in highly polar solvents. The intramolecular LE→CT process, operative in highly polar media, becomes particularly fast (up to ≈300 fs) in the case of the NO2 derivative 1. No push–pull character is found for 5 and 6, which exhibit different photophysical behaviour; indeed, the solvent polarity does not modify significantly the dynamics of the lowest excited singlet states. Quantum mechanical calculations at the TDDFT level are also used to determine the state order and nature of the lowest excited singlet and triplet states and to rationalise the different photophysical behaviour of fluorine and anthracene derivatives, particularly concerning the intersystem crossing process.
Properties of Oligothiophene Dendrimers as a Function of Molecular Architecture and Generation Number
Authors: Córdova‐Mateo Esther , Rodríguez‐Ropero Francisco , Bertran Oscar , Alemán Carlos
Published: January 2012

Density functional and time‐dependent density functional calculations using the B3LYP method combined with the 6‐31G(d) and 6‐311++G(d,p) basis sets are performed on symmetric and unsymmetric all‐thiophene dendrimers containing up to 45 thiophene rings. Calculations consider both the neutral and the oxidized states of each dendrimer. The results are used to examine the molecular geometry, the ionization potential, the lowest π–π* transition energy, and the shape of the frontier orbitals. The molecular and electronic properties of these systems depend not only on the number of thiophene rings, as typically occurs for linear oligothiophenes, but also on their symmetric/unsymmetric molecular architecture. Two mathematical models developed to predict the lowest π–π* transition energy of all‐thiophene dendrimers that are inaccessible to quantum mechanical calculations are tested on a dendrimer with 90 thiophene rings.
In Situ Formation of One‐Dimensional Assemblies of Gold Nanoparticles in Confined Media
Authors: Carballido‐Landeira Jorge , Goy‐López Sonia , Muñuzuri Alberto P. , Taboada Pablo , Mosquera Víctor
Published: January 2012

The spontaneous in situ formation of one‐dimensional (1D) assemblies of gold nanoparticles (NP) in oleylamine/bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt/water/octane (OAm/AOT/w/o) microemulsions by exploiting both the aurophilic bonding between OAm and gold salt, and the interactions between OAm and AOT surfactant is presented. Control on the structure of the resulting assemblies is achieved by changing in the solvent quality, the [Au]/[AOT] molar ratio and the presence of different cosolutes. A possible mechanism of the formation of the 1D parallel Au NP arrays is proposed.
Adaptive packet scheduling for the uplink traffic in IEEE 802.16e networks
Authors: Teixeira Marcio Andrey , Guardieiro Paulo Roberto
Published: January 2012

IEEE 802.16e is a telecommunication standard technology designed to support a wide variety of multimedia applications. It defines five service classes, each one with its respective QoS requirements, but does not define the scheduling algorithm for these service classes. In this paper, an adaptive packet scheduling algorithm for the uplink traffic in IEEE 802.16e networks is proposed. This algorithm is designed to be completely dynamic, mainly in networks that use various modulation and coding schemes (MCSs). The algorithm is applied directly to the bandwidth request queues in the base station (BS) and aims at supporting the real‐time and non‐real‐time applications. Using a cross‐layer approach and the states of the bandwidth request queues in the BS, a new deadlines based scheme was defined, aiming at limiting the maximum delay to the real‐time applications. Moreover, this algorithm interacts with the polling management mechanisms of the BS and controls the periodicity of sending unicast polling to the real‐time and non‐real‐time service connections, in accordance with the QoS requirements of the applications. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by means of modeling and simulation in environments where various MCSs were used and also in environments where only one type of modulation was used. The simulations showed satisfactory results in both environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Structural Study of Novel Tetranuclear Bis(phenoxido)‐Bridged CuII Metal–Organic Macrocycles
Authors: Riisiö Antti , Hänninen Mikko M. , Sillanpää Reijo
Published: January 2012

Six new tetranuclear copper(II) complexes were prepared exploiting novel ditopic alkylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenolate ligands. The geometrical parameters of the compounds can be varied by introducing different solvents of crystallization into the lattice. The structures of all six complexes were determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and the magnetic properties of the complexes were estimated by computational DFT calculations. The relationship between the magnetic exchange coupling constant (J) and the Cu–O–Cu angle (θ) in these bis(phenoxido)‐bridged complexes was investigated and a magnetostructural correlation was established between J and the θ angle. All studied complexes showed strong antiferromagnetic behaviour.
The Oxy‐Cope Rearrangement of Aldol Products. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Weise Christian F. , Immel Stefan , Richter Frank , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2012

The oxy‐Cope rearrangement of aldol products has been studied both experimentally and theoretically to gain insight into the aspects that are responsible for the exceptional rate and diastereoselectivity of this process. Kinetic studies as well as DFT calculations convincingly show that the activation barrier of this process is mainly dependent on the electronic nature of the oxy‐substituent, with electron‐withdrawing O‐substituents raising this barrier. The diastereoselectivity, however, remains uniformly high for all derivatives investigated and steric factors are proposed to account for the selectivity to a large extent. The poor diastereoselectivity in the case of the anti‐aldols was also found in our calculations and it appears to result from unfavorable gauche interactions between the oxy and carboximide groups in the transition state.
The effects of existential threat on reading comprehension of worldview affirming and disconfirming information
Authors: Williams Todd J. , Schimel Jeff , Hayes Joseph , Faucher Erik H.
Published: January 2012

Terror management theory posits that cultural worldviews buffer people from thoughts and concerns about death. In support of this claim, numerous studies have shown that mortality salience (MS) increases an individual's motivation to uphold and defend important cultural worldviews. We hypothesized that the motivation to defend cultural worldviews following MS would also enhance people's ability to comprehend worldview affirming (vs. disconfirming) information. Three studies investigated this possibility. Study 1 showed that MS (vs. control) increased reading comprehension of a pro‐evolution essay among participants with a strongly evolutionist worldview, but decreased reading comprehension among participants with a strongly creationist worldview. With the use of a pro‐creation essay, Study 2 conceptually replicated these effects and demonstrated that the interactive effect of worldview and death anxiety on reading comprehension was mediated by defensive motivation. Study 3 replicated the results of Studies 1 and 2 among participants with a strongly evolutionist worldview, but only when the information in the essay was perceived as veridical. Discussion focused on the specific process through which MS affects reading comprehension of worldview relevant ideas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accumulating effects of shared expectations
Authors: Willard Jennifer , Madon Stephanie , Guyll Max , Scherr Kyle C. , Buller Ashley A.
Published: January 2012

This research examined whether self‐fulfilling prophecies and perceptual confirmation effects accumulated across people. Trios of same‐sex participants, each consisting of two interviewers and one target, were randomly assigned to one of three conditions that served to manipulate interviewers' expectations (i.e., non‐hostile vs. hostile) and the similarity of their expectations (i.e., similar vs. dissimilar) for targets. Each trio participated in an interaction in which interviewers asked targets questions. Targets' hostility during the interaction and interviewers' impressions of targets' hostility following the interaction served as the primary dependent variables. Results indicated that perceptual confirmation effects accumulated across interviewers. Even though targets' behavior during the interaction did not differ across conditions, interviewers nonetheless judged targets as more hostile when both interviewers expected targets to be hostile than when only one did. The authors discuss these findings in terms of the potential implications for those who have multiple inaccurate and unfavorable expectations held about them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Au Electrodes for the Determination of Polyphenol Index in Wines: a Preliminary Study
Authors: Curulli Antonella , Di Carlo Gabriella , Ingo Gabriel M. , Riccucci Cristina , Zane Daniela , Bianchini Chiara
Published: January 2012

Gold‐chitosan nanocomposite is successfully proposed for assembling a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the determination of an antioxidant such as caffeic acid, which has recently attracted much attention due to its benefits on human health. In this paper, taking advantage of the peculiar sensing performance of the nanocomposite, an analytical method based on differential pulse voltammetry for determination of polyphenol index in wines was proposed.
Voltammetric Determination of Nicotine at Poly(4‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxynaphthalene Sulfonic Acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Geto Alemnew , Amare Maereg , Tessema Merid , Admassie Shimelis
Published: January 2012

A poly(4‐amino‐3‐hydroxynaphthalene sulfonic acid)‐modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for the voltammetric determination of nicotine. An oxidation signal at lower potential with higher current was obtained for nicotine at the polymer‐modified electrode compared to bare glassy carbon electrode suggesting the electrocatalytic effect of the polymer film. Under optimum conditions, square wave voltammetry of nicotine showed oxidation at +884 mV (vs. SCE) in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.5. The calibration curve was linear over the range 1.0 to 200.0 µM (R2=0.9987) concentration of nicotine with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 8.66×10−7 mol L−1. Application of the proposed method to cigarette tobacco samples gave acceptable recovery results of 90.7 % to 107.2 %.
Investigation of in‐line solid‐phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in water samples
Authors: Botello Igor , Borrull Francesc , Aguilar Carme , Calull Marta
Published: January 2012

In this study, in‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE) was used as an enrichment technique in combination with CE for the preconcentration and separation of 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), cocaine (COC), codeine (COD) and 6‐acetylmorphine (6AM). The separation buffer (BGE) used was 80 mM disodium phosphate anhydrous and 6 mM of HCl (final BGE pH of 3). The SPE extractor consists of a small segment of capillary filled with Oasis HLB sorbent and inserted into the inlet section of the electrophoretic capillary. Different parameters affecting preconcentration were evaluated, such as sample pH, the volume of the elution plug and sample injection time. The detection limits (LODs) reached for standard samples by in‐line SPE‐CE‐UV ranged between 50 and 200 ng/L, with sensitivity enhancement factors ranging from 2300 to 5300. Reproducibility values (expressed in terms of relative standard deviation) were below 7.6% for standard samples. This is a simple and an effective method for the determination of the studied drugs of abuse and their metabolites. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated in tap and river water samples which were directly analyzed without any off‐line pretreatment. Analytical parameters were evaluated and LODs were between 70 and 270 ng/L with relative recoveries between 85 and 97%.