bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Kind of New Electrolytic Capacitor-Less AC-DC LED Driver
Authors: Chen Wan Li , Wang Zhao Ping , Dong Xue Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper designs a kind of new electrolytic capacitor-less LED (light-emitting diode) driver, which converts the commercial ac voltage to a pulsating current with twice the line frequency driving high-brightness LEDs. As no electrolytic capacitor is used, this driver possesses the unique advantage of long lifetime to match with that of LEDs. A method of injecting the third and fifth harmonics into the input current to reduce the peak-to-average ratio of the output current is also proposed. A 25V, 0.35A output prototype is built and tested in the laboratory, and the experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the electrolytic capacitor-less LED driver and its control method.
The Design Method for Actuators with Field Magnets of Dual Halbach Arrays
Authors: Morishita Mimpei , Fukuda Takayuki
Published: September 2013

The proposed magnetic circuit precisely evaluates magnetic fluxes between the field magnets of dual Halbach arrays. In the case that an actuator is configured with the dual Halback arrays and the armature coils between them, the air gap length between the dual Halbach arrays gives the maximum number of interlinkage magnetic fluxes with the armature coil through algebraic approach. The new design method is on the basis of the proposed magnetic circuit. This method makes it clear that the air gap length should be more than 1.2 times longer than the permanent magnet poles length. The utility of this design method is verified through designing cylindrical linear synchronous motor provided with the dual Halbach arrays.
Modeling and Design Optimization of Contactless Sliding Transformer System for Ropeless Elevators
Authors: Wang Pei Long , Xu Xiao Zhuo , Du Bao Yu , Feng Hai Chao , Wang Xu Dong , Si Ji Kai
Published: September 2013

In this paper, two novel topological structures of sliding transformer with ferromagnetic core applied in the Contactless Electrical Power Transmission (CEPT) system used for the ropeless elevator driven by moving-coil type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor (PMLSM) have been proposed, and the magnetic field distribution is calculated and analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). According to the analysis results of the traditional E-E topology sliding transformer, much higher coupling coefficients of sliding transformers with proposed topologies have been obtained. Then, based on the magnetic distribution and the circuit model of system, the compensation capacitances have been calculated considering supply frequency and load conditions. Finally, the load characteristic of the system with compensation is also obtained by FEM.
Starting Performance of Linear Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine Applied in Marine Direct Drive for Electric Propulsion Applications
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yu Hai Tao , Zhu Jia Dong , Zhou Shi Ui , Liu Chun Yuan
Published: September 2013

A double-sided linear flux-switching permanent magnet machine applied in marine rudder direct drive applications is presented. The starting performances of the machine are calculated by finite element method. The simulation results of the proposed DLFSPM are verified by the experiment. The results have verified that the machine is suitability marine rudder direct drive applications.
Analysis and Modeling of Eddy Current Damping for Short-Stroke DC Linear Motor
Authors: Pan Dong Hua , Liu Jia Xi , Shen Feng Jing , Li Li Yi , Ma Ming Na
Published: September 2013

Eddy currents induced in a conductor in a changing magnetic field produce a damping force proportional to the heat generated in the conductive material. In this paper, the damping force of short-stroke DC Linear Motor (DCLM) is researched, and then model of damping force is established. In the preliminary work, the analytical expression of magnetic field distribution is obtained by the charge model, so the eddy current inducted in the conductor is calculated. Then the damping force is obtained after the equivalent resistance and inductance of conductors are calculated. The formula of damping force is obtained to optimize damping structure of short-stroke DCLM. The accuracy of damping force model is proved by the experiment.
Overload Capability of Linear Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machines
Authors: Amara Yacine , Barakat Georges , Paulides J.J.H. , Lomonova E.A.
Published: September 2013

The 2D nature of magnetic field in permanent magnet flux-switching machines and the presence of all magnetic field sources [permanent magnets and windings (armature windings and eventually excitation coils)] in the stator, which implies a completely passive moving armature, makes them very good candidates in many different applications. Due to these interesting features, rotating and linear permanent magnet flux switching structures attracted considerable research efforts in the last years. However, to date, the overload capability of this kind of structures has not been investigated in detail. The study presented in this paper will help identify main factors limiting the improvement of overload capability for PM flux switching machines. Solutions to improve this characteristic will also be explored.
Detent Force Analysis of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor for Bearing Grinding Machine Application
Authors: Ye Ding Kuan , Yan Ling Yun , Liu Ying Quan , Ye Yun Yue
Published: September 2013

The detent force of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) leads to the thrust ripple, vibration and noise inbearing grinding machines, In order to overcome the negative effect, detent force needs to be decreased. Through theanalytical andfinite element methods, two main components of detent force are investigated in this paper. Firstly, finite element analysis (FEA) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) are employed to analyze the end force. Then athree dimensional (3-D) FEA model of a short secondary PMLSM with skewed poles is erected and the cogging force is studied.Compared with the two dimensional (2-D) model of PMLSM without skewed poles, the detent force is remarkably reduced.
The Research of PID and Bang-Bang Controllers Based on the dSPACE
Authors: Jiang Yi , Ma Jien
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzes the PID and the Bang-Bang control methods. To compare the performance of these traditional algorithms, the speed control of a brushless DC drive system is implemented in real-time, using these two methods. The parameters in the controller can be adjusted by the hardware and the software to achieve the optimum performance of the closed-loop system. The experiment results proved that these two controllers have their own merit and defect according to the different steady-state performance and dynamic response respectively. It is concluded that the PID and the Bang-Bang controllers could be used in different applications.
Design of Ultrasonic Processing Circuits in Borehole Sediment Thickness Measurement
Authors: Fan Di , Gao Yan , Cai Qin Guang
Published: September 2013

The ultrasonic technique is a new method for detecting the borehole sediment thickness and has been gradually developed in recent years. However, there are still several key technologies needing to be further studied and developed. This paper focuses on studying and designing the ultrasonic processing circuits including the mono-stable flip-flop circuit, the driving circuit, the amplification filtering circuit and the automatic gain control circuit. Under the environment of Multisim10.0, the designed circuits are simulated. The results show that the deigned ultrasonic driving circuit has a strong driving capacity and is capable of completely meeting the bandwidth requirements in measuring the sediment thickness by ultrasonic. The automatic gain control circuit is capable of strengthening the ultrasonic signal in a time varying mode so that the output signal can be kept stable within the given range. So it has a significant effect on the ultrasonic measurement of sediment; the designed amplification, filter bandwidth and the quality value can all meet the system requirements. Meanwhile, the integrated filter is adopted and few peripheral components are used, therefore, the system design is greatly simplified.
The Research on Switch-Linear Hybrid of Precise Current Source
Authors: Li Li Yi , Chen Qi Ming , Liu Jia Xi , Zhu He , Tan Guang Jun
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a novel current control strategy of precise current source is presented, which combines switch power conversion mode with linear amplification mode. The linear power amplifier is used as the power converter in the current loop. The current controller is a double cascaded PI (DCPI) controller which is put up by the way of analog circuit, it can suppress the high frequency disturbance signal effectively. The switch-filter circuit can generate a special power supply for linear power amplifier, the voltage of this special power supply changes as the load voltage does. The topology of four-level H-Bridge works as the power converter of the switch power amplifier, the LC filter circuit can eliminate the current ripple caused by the PWM chopper.The simulation and experimental results verify that the Switch-Linear Hybrid (SLH) scheme is of high efficiency and output quality. The bandwidth of the precise current source is 5.4 kHz and the phase margin is 42 degree.
Short Circuit between Turns in Stator Winding of Induction Machine Fault Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Soufi Youcef , Bahi Tahar , Merabet H. , Lekhchine S.
Published: September 2013

The induction motor is one of the most used electric machines in variable speed system in the different field of industry due to its robustness, mechanical strength and low cost. Despite these qualities, the induction machine is subjected during its operation to a number of constraints of various natures (electrical, mechanical and environmental). This paper focuses on the diagnosis and the detection of the short circuit fault between turns in the stator winding of an induction machine, based on analyzing the evolution of the stator current in each stator phase, using tools based both on motor current spectral analysis and Park vector approach. A study by simulation was presented. The obtained results show that the considered methods can effectively diagnose and detect abnormal operating conditions in induction motor applications. Therefore, they clearly show the possibility of extracting signatures and the application of these techniques offered reliable and satisfactory results for the diagnosis and detection of such fault.
Extended State Observer for Sensorless Single Phase Stirling Linear Generator Drives
Authors: Zhou Shou Ming , Li Li Yi , Zhang Hai Lin , Kou Bao Quan , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2013

The extended state observer (ESO) was applied in the sensorless single phase Stirling linear generator drives in this paper. The structure of the linear generator was introduced and mathematical model was built. To detect the mover position in the condition of position sensorless, the back-EMF ESO was deduced to calculate the position. This strategy was realized in the simulation and experiment. Compared with the normal state observer, in the conditions of noise and imprecision of generator parameters, ESO would improve the robustness of the system.
Study on PMSM Integral Backstepping Controller Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Yang Qian , Zhao Nan Nan , Zhang Ming Hui
Published: September 2013

In order to eliminate steady-state speed error of PMSM backstepping control system, an integral backstepping speed control algorithm is designed in this paper. By adding speed error integral factor in the speed Lyapunov function, the speed error can finally converge to zero when PMSM operates in steady-state. On this basis, an integral backstepping speed control algorithm based on RBF neural network compensation is proposed for PMSM backstepping control system used for high-altitude electric propulsion system which is vulnerable to load torque variables. The integral backstepping speed controller based on PMSM reference model can ensure global asymptotic convergence of the whole control system. In order to achieve fast robust adaptive control, the RBF neural network is adapted to online compensate dq axis current error produced by the reference speed and load torque changes. Simulink simulation results verify the feasibility of the given algorithm.
Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of IPMSM System
Authors: Hao Ke Peng , Li Hong Mei
Published: September 2013

The integrated mathematical model of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) system is set up suitable for healthy state, open-circuit fault state and fault-tolerant state in this paper. An on-line open-circuit fault diagnosis method is proposed, the fault-tolerant structure is set to connect the fault phase to the middle of DC link, considering that DC link voltage is not balanced, therefore, an optimized adaptive space vector pulse width SVPWM of four-switch three-phase inverters (FSTPI) under DC-link voltage ripple condition is presented to achieve the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control and flux weakening control of the IPMSM system under the fault-tolerant state. Based on the abovementioned research, system simulations are implemented and simulation results are given.
Analysis, Design and Prototyping of a Low-Speed High-Torque Six-Phase Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for EVs
Authors: Zheng Ping , Wu Fan , Sui Yi , Wang Peng Fei , Yu Bin
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with a low-speed high-torque six-phase fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for wheel-driving electric vehicle (EV) applications. In machine design, winding arrangements and feasible slot/pole combinations are discussed and compared; a 24-slot/22-pole alternate-teeth-wound scheme is analyzed and designed. With reinforced slot-leakage component, the inductance of the machine is increased to restrain the one-phase short-circuit current to nearly 1.0 per unit preventing the machine from deteriorations in condition of that fault. The 24-slot/22-pole alternate-teeth-wound prototype machine is manufactured and the experimental verification is provided.
Piston Engine Fuel Injector Synthetic Clearance Overrun Fault and its Control
Authors: Ding Fa Jun
Published: September 2013

To import a certain aviation piston engine fuel injector for an object, a synthetic clearance fit and its control was studied. A certain type of general aviation aircraft piston engine with fuel injector has synthetic clearance overrun fault after long time using, causing flight control difficult, and seriously affect the working properties of engine, in the condition of idle state more obvious, easy to cause unsafe events such as engine parking. Send for repair by a large number of fuel injectors and its related parts fit clearance measurement and use effect evaluation, might bring negative influence for the mechanism analysis and effective repair and control scheme are put forward..
Frequency Control System of Liner Motor Based on AVR Micro-Controller
Authors: Ye Xiao Jie , Sun Dong Ru , Cheng Liang , Yao Yi Hua , Ye Yun Yue
Published: September 2013

According to the requirement for variable-frequency power supply when a liner motor runs in a household appliance, a variable frequency speed regulation system of three-phase SPWM is designed based on ATmega48 Micro-controller. The hardware structure, the SPWM technology of software program and V/f control strategy are analyzed. In the end of this paper, experiment waves are illustrated. The results show that the running of the system is simple and convenient; the reliability of the system is excellent.
Digital Current Loop for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Based on DSP and FPGA
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Xin Min , Lu Qin Fen , Chen Yi , Ye Yun Yue
Published: September 2013

In the high-precision servo control system of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), the regulation of current loop has a direct effect on the control performances such as accuracy, response speed etc. In order to improve the control performances, a digital current loop control scheme based on DSP and FPGA is presented in this paper. FPGA is used to collect data, while DSP is for completing parallel collection of the input signals read and written from FPGA. P control, P uniting feed-forward compensation control and variable proportional gain control are investigated. Since the method of variable proportional gain can easily meet the requirement of current static error and quick response under different frequencies, PI control can basically eliminate the static error. With rotor initial positioning method, the current closed-loop control is proposed and compared with current open-loop control.
Field-Circuit Coupled Modeling for Linear Induction Motor Drive System
Authors: Zhang Zhi Hua , Shi Li Ming , Cai Hua , Li Yao Hua
Published: September 2013

Linear drive system is widely applied in mid-low speed Maglev, subway transportation, etc. It is composed of two principal components, high power converter and linear induction motor. The converter and motor are designed separately, whole drive system usually use circuit simulation by extracting the mathematical model of linear induction motor. However, LIM has complex electromagnetic field, which needs to considerate the transverse and longitude end effects [1-. This makes LIM mathematical model inaccurate, hard to simulate the real dynamic characteristics of LIM.
Industrial Robot Mechanical Transmission Structure Design Analysis
Authors: Feng Guo Ling
Published: September 2013

The intelligent robot is the development direction of the robot, it has the intelligence system, mainly is feeling device, visual device and language identification device, etc. Robot manipulator is the execution of the components, its transmission parts is the drive source and robot each joint connection bridge, is an important part of the industrial robot, this paper analyzed its design.
Investigation of a Single-Phase Oscillating PM Alternator for Free-Piston Stirling Engines
Authors: Zheng Ping , Bai Jin Gang , Sui Yi , Tong Cheng De , Yu Bin
Published: September 2013

A single-phase oscillating PM alternator is proposed for Free-Piston Stirling Engines. According to its sinusoidal kinetic characteristic, the design principle of this machine is proposed and on this basis, the finite-Element model is built. In the generator mode, the flux linkage, back EMF, voltage harmonics distortion ratio and thrust ripple are deeply analyzed. Due to the significance of the no-load back EMF, some structural parameters, like the permanent magnet thickness, the mover yoke thickness and the width of the tooth, are further optimized. After obtaining the optimal scheme, the electromagnetic performance of this single-phase oscillating PM alternator is investigated.
Automatic Generation of Modules of Visual Recognition
Authors: Gorbenko Anna
Published: September 2013

We consider the problem of automatic generation of visual recognition modules. In particular, we consider a self-learning algorithm for visual recognition and system of automatic generation that based on some biological observations.
Research and Practice of Monitoring of the Integrated Automation System of Web Technology
Authors: Wu Da Fei
Published: September 2013

With the development of Internet/intranet technology, the research and development based on Web technology has become a hot topic. My thesis focuses on the study of application of Web technology in integrated automation system. This paper firstly introduces the concept and composition of integrated automation system architecture, and then in-depth analyzes the Web technology and its function and the application to monitoring the Web technology is discussed in detail, and proves the feasibility of application of Web technology in integrated automation system for monitoring through the practice. Finally, the influence of development of Web monitoring system technology is predicted.
A New Method to Deploy and Control the Distributed Jamming against Phased-Array Radar
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , He Jun , Hu Zhen Biao , Wang Kai
Published: September 2013

Reasonable deployment and effective control can help the distributed jammers to function better. According to the counter-jamming theory of PAR, a new method is presented to deploy the distributed jammers which can provide the azimuth and distance of each jammer to enhance its jamming effects. After the jammers are located, computers are adopted to control the distributed jammers which should be turned on/off properly for suitable duration. The target detection probability under jamming condition is selected to evaluate the jamming effects, and the experiment results show that this method has steady jamming effects against PAR.
Closed-Loop Identification Using Laguerre Series Expansions for Second-Order Plus Time Delay Model
Authors: Jin Qi Bing , Li Si Nian , Liu Qie , Wang Qi
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a simple yet robust closed-loop identification method based on step response is presented. By approximating the process response firstly using Laguerre series expansions, a high-order process transfer function can be obtained. Then, a linear two-step reduction technique is used to reduce the high-order process to a second-order plus time delay model based on the frequency response data. This method is robust to measurement noise and it also does not need any numerical technique or iterative optimization. Simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method for different process models. Comparison of identification performance between different methods is also illustrated in this work.
Study on the Network Control of Construction Machinery Control and Computer Operating System
Authors: Rong Qiang
Published: September 2013

The application of hydraulic drive as well as control technology to construction machinery control as well as operating system has been very common. In this paper, network control system is briefly introduced first, and then the computer controls of vehicle and construction machinery hydraulic system are discussed respectively from the new methods for the motion control and integration of drive and operating system, and the operating and control system design of beam lifting machine DJY200.
Based on Programmable Controller Manipulator Automation Control Design
Authors: Ji Min , Wu Ming Qing
Published: September 2013

The programmable controller can realize stable and reliable mechanical automation control. According to the given design requirements, sensor selection, analysis of hall sensor circuit diagram and the principle of work, Selection and analysis of the radial infrared detection switch principle; According to the process analysis control requirements, PC choice, and design the PC program.
Research of Carbon Monoxide Monitor System Based on Lonworks Industrial Control Network
Authors: Xia Qi Bing
Published: September 2013

The paper introduce NEURON3150 neuron chip with serial digital to analog - analog-to-digital converter TLC5615/TLC2543 interface method.Focused on the the Lonworks front-end intelligent monitoring and control network node software, hardware,and design and develop a system solutions for indoor hazardous gases CO data acquisition monitoring and alarm functions based on TMPN3150 neural network MCU. The paper brief introduce the Field Bus Lonworks to control network technology and reality of remote monitoring system on the basis of Integrated control network and information network,and analysis structural characteristics of distributed intelligent monitoring network system ,with certain promotional value.
Design of Wireless Intelligent Home Control System Based on Zigbee Technology
Authors: Jiang Yu Hang , Yang Hong Xia
Published: September 2013

Zigbee technology is a kind of bi-directional wireless communication technology characterized by close distance, low complexity, low power consumption, low speed and low cost. It is mainly used for data transmission of various electronic equipments with short distance, low power consumption and low transmission speed, as well as application of typical periodic data, intermittent data and low reaction time data transmission. This thesis first of all makes an analysis of characteristics of zigbee technology, based on which the design of wireless intelligent home control system based on zigbee technology is proposed. Finally, it gives an analysis of the daily management and maintenance of intelligent system, so as to contribute to further studies.
Design of Intelligent Electrical Appliance System
Authors: Li Bai Qing , Chen You Lian
Published: September 2013

Related design personnel of electrical appliance system introduce some humane designs in design in order to improve product comfortableness and safety performance, which organically combines human perception and mechanical running, as well as the environment people are in, highlighting the perception and safety of users. It pays more attention to the electrical appliance safety composed of five foundations being human, human behavior, product use scene, technology involved in product and the finally finished product and the actual system design. This thesis gives an introduction to the intelligent design of household electrical appliance in some uses, so as to guide enterprises to actively develop characteristic, multi-functional and high-grade new electrical appliance products.
Research and Design on Digital Mask Lithography Control System
Authors: Gao Yi Qing , Wang Ping Qi , Shi Zhao Jun , Luo Ning Ning
Published: September 2013

In order to cover the shortage of manual control method and semi-automatic control method on digital mask lithography system, a full-automatic and intelligent digital mask lithography control system is designed. The block hardware framework and the modular software design theory are adopted in the system. Lithography process is controlled by center computer, and the system can realize precision motion control, digital mask graphics output control, precision exposure control and exposure real-time monitoring control, which can improve the stability, the reliability and the flexibility of digital lithography system.
A Radar Equipment Warehouse Management System Research Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Shen Hao Hao , Liu Qing Hua , Han Yang Yang , Liu Yang , Tang Zhu
Published: September 2013

This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional manual radar equipment warehouse management, puts forward a radar equipment warehouse management system based on Internet of Things, introduces the basic knowledge of the Internet of things, then design the architecture of the system and analyze the workflow of each process integrate with RFID and sensors technology. This system can informationlize and intellectualize the radar equipment warehouse management, it also greatly improves the efficiency of warehouse management which meets the needs of the informationlize construction of the radar units.
Novel Sensor Design and Application for Detection of Dangerous Contaminated Marine Biotoxins
Authors: Zhao Li Yan
Published: September 2013

We have developed a novel planar interdigital sensing system: using a microcontroller and local fabricated circuits with dual supply and signal processing for data acquisition. The first prototype is called seafood inspection tool or SIT consist of a SiLab C8051F020 microcontroller, a signal processing circuit, novel planar interdigital sensor, an expansion board and dual power supply circuit. A user friendly software was also developed to make SIT easy to be used by users who has a little technical knowledge. SIT was developed to be tested by the fisherman who can do a pre-screening process of the mussels at their ranch site.Our main objective is to sense the presence of dangerous contaminated acid in mussels and other seafoods.
The Problem of Sensor-Mission Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Gorbenko Anna , Popov Vladimir
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we consider sensor-mission assignment in wireless sensor networks. We consider some approaches to solve the problem of sensor-mission assignment. In particular, we consider integer programs and logical models for the problem.
Optimal Design of a Double-Sided Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor for Ropeless Elevator System
Authors: Huang Li Ren , Dong Ji Wei , Lu Qin Fen , Ye Yun Yue , Chen Yi
Published: September 2013

The ropeless elevator driven by linear motor is expected to be a new solution to vertical transportation of skyscrapers and the deep underground mines. Due to high thrust force density, low force ripple and low cost etc., a double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (DPMLSM) with slotted iron core and multi-segment primary is proposed and designed. Based on the erected 2D finite element model, the structure is optimized in order to reduce the detent force. Moreover, the influence of manufacture error on force performance is also investigated. It is shown the proposed DPMLSM is suitable for the ropeless elevator.
New Flexible Wrist Force Sensor Operated by Robot Based on Parallel Kinematic Machine
Authors: Yuan Chuan Lai , Kong Ling Shuang , Zhou Wei Long , Yang Jian Bo
Published: September 2013

Thanks to the development of science and technology, studies on robot have seen a huge growth. In this paper, by introducing a new flexible wrist force sensor operated by robot based on parallel kinematic machine, it analyzes the working principle of the sensor and provides detailed design.
Effect of Y on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Shen Hua , Liang He , Yang Wei Dong , Yao Guang Chun , Wang Chuan Sheng
Published: September 2013

The effects of yttrium (Y) on microstructures and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy were investigated in detail by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS),X-ray diffraction and tensile test. The results show that the trend of alloys tensile strength and elongation with increasing of the Y content is a broken line. When the Y content is increased up to 0.30%, the tensile strength and elongation are 105MPa and 10.50% respectively, meanwhile, the fractograph exhibited typical ductile dimple fracture pattern. Then the alloy performance is best. The high strength of aluminum alloy is attributed to the size of Al2Y phase. Addition of Y above 0.30% in aluminum alloy may generate more the coarse Al2Y particle. It can induce the decrease in the material performance.
Effects of Knife Shapes and Cutting Speeds of a Mower on the Percentage Pulverization of Sweet Potato Vine
Authors: Kakahy Amer N.N. , Ahmad D. , Akhir MD. , Sulaiman S. , Ishak A.
Published: September 2013

The effects of a rotary slasher with two different shapes of knives (L and Y-shaped) at three cutting speeds (1830, 2066 and 2044 rpm) were studied on percentage of pulverization of sweet potato vine passing through the sieve (< 28 mm2). The results showed that all the treatments were significant at p 0.05 and p 0.01 significance level. The best result was by Y-shaped knife with highest vine pulverized percentage of 82.76 % and a mower speed of 2440 rpm had the finest vine pulverized percentage of 90.48 %. The best performance for interaction effects between knife shapes and speeds of mower was achieved by the Y-shaped knife and a mower speed of 2440 rpm resulting in an average percentage of 92.62 % of pulverized vine.
The Effects of Ag Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAlSiN Films
Authors: Feng Chang Jie , Jiang Yuan Fei , Hu Shui Lian , Zhou Ya
Published: September 2013

Adding a low content of soft metals (such as Ag, Au, Cu, etc) in TiN-based films can decrease the friction coefficient of the nitride films. To improve the mechanical properties of the TiAlSiN film, 4.5 at.% Ag was added in the TiAlSiN film. TiAlSiN and TiAlSiN/Ag films were deposited on AISI304 steel by magnetron sputtering using a Ti50Al40Si10 target and a Ti50Al40Si10 plus an Ag strip, respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by SEM/EDS, XRD, a tribological machine and a microhardness tester. The results show that, with 4.5 at.% Ag addition, the surface morphology of the TiAlSiN film became rougher and its microhardness decreased from 1520±35 HV0.01 to 1307±42 HV0.01. The preferred orientation of (111) of the TiAlSiN film changed to randomly and the diffraction peaks became broader due to the Ag addition. The friction coefficient of the TiAlSiN-Ag film decreased compared with the TiAlSiN film, but it showed inferior wear resistance due to its lower microhardness. The effects of Ag addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN films were discussed.
Microstructure Studies on the Effect of the Alkaline Activators of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer at Elevated Heat Treatment Temperature
Authors: Mustafa Al Bakri A.M. , Abdulkareem Omar A. , Kamarudin H. , Ismail Khairul Nizar , Abd Razak Rafiza , Zarina Yahya , Alida A.
Published: September 2013

Fly ash-based geopolymers are new binding materials produced to replace the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) used in concrete. In this research, the effect of alkaline activators on the compressive strength and the microstructure of low-calcium (Class F) fly ash-based geopolymers were studied. Fly ash and the alkaline activator were mixed with alkaline activator to fly ash ratios of 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40 at a constant ratio of water glass (sodium silicate) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The alkaline activator solution was prepared by mixing water glass with a 15 M NaOH solution. The samples were cured at a temperature 70 °C for 24 hr and maintained at room temperature until the testing was conducted. The test results indicated that the compressive strength increased when the ratio of alkaline activator to fly ash was increased at 7 days. The ratio of 0.4 produced the maximum compressive strength, which was 8.61 MPa. This was due to high reaction rate between the fly ash and the alkaline activator solution. Morphology studies, conducted by SEM analysis of the geopolymer samples, indicated that geopolymers synthesized at a ratio of 0.4 also had the most homogeneous and less porous microstructures, which was attributed to the high dissolution of the fly ash particles in the alkaline activator solution. The microstructure appearance of geopolymers treated heat temperature of 400, 600 and 800°C, shows a sintering process takes place for unreacted fly ash microspheres. It was observed as an overall, the visible microcracks formed on the surface of the highest compressive strength geopolymers only, was due to loss of water during heating.
Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) Algorithm for Optimization Problems: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Zainal Nurezayana , Zain Azlan Mohd , Radzi Nor Haizan Mohamed , Udin Amirmudin
Published: September 2013

Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm is a derivative-free, meta-heuristic algorithm and mimicking the glow behavior of glowworms which can efficiently capture all the maximum multimodal function. Nevertheless, there are several weaknesses to locate the global optimum solution for instance low calculation accuracy, simply falling into the local optimum, convergence rate of success and slow speed to converge. This paper reviews the exposition of a new method of swarm intelligence in solving optimization problems using GSO. Recently the GSO algorithm was used simultaneously to find solutions of multimodal function optimization problem in various fields in today industry such as science, engineering, network and robotic. From the paper review, we could conclude that the basic GSO algorithm, GSO with modification or improvement and GSO with hybridization are considered by previous researchers in order to solve the optimization problem. However, based on the literature review, many researchers applied basic GSO algorithm in their research rather than others.
Energy Analysis of Cooling Water Pump for Variable Loading in Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Chang Yung Chung , Peng Kai Chun , Chen Ching Liang
Published: September 2013

This study used linear regression analysis model to explore chilled water system of central air conditioning for energy saving of cooling water pump based on frequency conversion control of pumped. Research and analysis is divided two phases, the first phase is recording approach temperature and load rate (PLR; Partial Load Ratio) of cooling tower in variable frequency operational mode, then using linear regression analysis model to built the power consumption equation (KW/RT) of cooling water pump. Second phase will be to non-variable frequency operation modes to establish the same relationship equation, and then will be used the first phase record data that its wet bulb temperature and cooling towers PLR limits are in accordance with the second phase of the same range conditions, you can explore the power consumption difference of cooling water pump in variable frequency and non-variable frequency operational mode.Through this research and analysis, was informed that power consumption model error rate of less than 1%, also informed that variable frequency operational mode than non-variable frequency operational mode can save 782.8 kW (19.64%) in the quadratic regression analysis results. In three times regression analysis results can be saved 919.38 kW (22.3%). Accordingly, the present research findings and theoretical models can be used as cooling water pump energy saving, also can serve as the theoretical basis for other energy saving.
Optical 3D Scanning of Cutting Tools
Authors: Peterka Jozef , Morovič Ladislav , Pokorný Peter , Kováč Martin , Hornák František
Published: September 2013

The paper shortly illustrates the general concept of Reverse Engineering, which includesalso the 3D scanning. In the main part of the paper the concrete 3D scanning process of chosen individual objects are described. The problems that occurred during 3D digitizing of individual parts are step by step discussed and solved. The paper deals with 3D scanning of ball nose end mills and screw drill. The article gives a procedure for digitizing and comparing the results of the scanned digital models of the two ball nose end mills and screw drill.
Effect of Physical Properties of Porous Combustor on Radiant Output and Fuel-Preheated Efficiency of a Non-Sprayed Porous Burner
Authors: Wongwatcharaphon Kanokkarn , Theinnoi Kampanart
Published: September 2013

The effect of physical properties of porous combustor on performance of a non-sprayed porous burner (NSPB) in term of radiant output and fuel-preheated efficiency is studied through numerical modeling. The homogeneous combustion of vaporised kerosene and combustion air within a porous combustor (PC) is instead of the heterogeneous combustion occurs in free space of a conventional sprayed burner. The excellent fuel evaporation without atomisation is accomplished by using porous evaporator (PE). Single global reaction combustion, sub-cooled boiling, local non-thermal equilibrium between fluid and solid phases with phase change under complex radiative heat transfer and sub-cooled boiling are considered. The parametric study of porosity and optical thickness are investigated. The study shows that the radiant output efficiency is decreased with higher porosity while the fuel-preheated efficiency quite constant. The optical thickness has no significant effect on radiant output efficiency whereas the fuel-preheated efficiency is reduced with higher optical thickness. In addition, the evaporation front zone moves deep to downstream of PE when optical thickness increases.
Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval System for Color Endoscopic Images
Authors: Wu Xian Wei , Yang Yu Bing , Yu Wen Yang
Published: September 2013

To retrieve endoscopic Images efficiently, we make out several experiments using color histograms feature and color correlograms feature separately. Then integrate color histograms feature and color correlograms feature, and reduce the dimensions of combination features through using SPCA algorithm The results of experiments show that the performance of combination feature is better, and the speed of retrieval becomes higher.
Characterization for Staling of Chinese Rolls
Authors: Zhang Dong Jing , Zhao Yan Xing , Yang Wei , Xu Yao , Zhao Zheng
Published: September 2013

Chinese rolls are prepared from hot water dough and wrapped with meat and vegetable when consumption. Staling of Chinese rolls results in loss in texture and eating quality. Moisture content, enthalpy change (H), texture and sensory quality of Chinese rolls which are significantly affected during staling at 4°C storage, were monitored over a storage period of four days. Moisture content was founded to decrease steadily during staling of Chinese rolls. Enthalpy change, H, as measured by DSC increased with storage time. The texture of Chinese rolls became progressively harder with storage at 4°C. A decrease in sensory quality and acceptability of the Chinese rolls was observed with storage. Most of the staling parameters show good correlation. Texture showed the best overall correlation with all other staling parameters.
Primary Study on Optimization of the Processing Technology in Aspergillus oryzae Seed Koji by Homogeneous Design
Authors: Ma Ying Ying , Zhang Zhong Kai , Pan Xun Hai , Yang Jian Gang
Published: September 2013

The homogeneous was used to optimize the processing technology of Aspergillus oryzae seed koji. The results show that the culture time is the most significant factor and the sequence of the residual factors are the square of culture time, the interaction between temperature and the time, the interaction of time and wood ash addition, the square of wood ash addition and the inoculation quantity. The results reveal that the optimized culture conditions are proved to be that the incubation time is 9 days, the inoculation quantity is 0.1×107/g, the dosage of wood ash is 1.267% and the culture temperature is 40°C. Under this condition, the prospective spore number of seed koji has reached to 1.89×109 /g.
An Accurate Model for Predicting Retention Time of Coffee Flavor in Cigarette
Authors: Si Hong Zong , Li Xian Chao , Fu Ai Ping , Yuan Shu Ping , Hao Ming , Zhang Ke Jun , Duan Yun Bo , Hu Zhi De
Published: September 2013

The coffee flavor compounds acquire a significant place in the improving the flavor of cigarette. In the present paper, the heuristic method is used to develop quantitative relationships between the retention time (TR) and four molecular descriptors of 52 compounds. The model of heuristic method gives good statistical result. The contribution of each descriptor to structure-retention time relationships was evaluated. It indicates the importance of the atoms number and type of parameter. The proposed method can be successfully used to predict the retention time with only four molecular descriptors which can be calculated directly from molecular structure alone.
Synthesis and Characterization of Vinyl Substituted 2,2-Bisferrocenylpropane and Corresponding Polymers
Authors: Dong Bin , Wang Xiao Li , Liu Feng Quan
Published: September 2013

The homopolymer of 6-vinyl bisferrocenylpropane and copolymer of 6-vinyl bisferrocenylpropane and 6,6'-divinyl bisferrocenylpropane were obtained from ferrocene and acetone via a series of reactions. The monomers and polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and IHNMR. The thermal stabilities of the polymers were studied through DTA-TG. The results show that the solubility of the copolymer of 6-vinyl bisferrocenylpropane and 6,6'-divinyl bisferrocenylpropane is very poor and its thermal stability is obviously higher than the homopolymer of 6-vinyl bisferrocenylpropane. The reason for it is that the monomer of 6,6'-divinyl bisferrocenylpropane has two vinyl groups, so the grafting degree of the corresponding polymer is much larger than the homopolymer of 6-vinyl bisferrocenylpropane.
Research on the Construction of Low-Carbon City for Beijing Based on Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity
Authors: Yang Zheng Dong , Xia Xiao Xi
Published: September 2013

This paper studies the Beijing Energy consumption and energy intensity of the present and future. First, the paper studies the energy situation in Beijing, including consumption, energy intensity and energy mix. Then through a combination of foreign experience and the status quo, we point out the general rules of energy growth and the various factors affecting the growth of energy consumption in Beijing. Next article is about the future of Beijing's total energy consumption for a short-term and long-term forecasts and Beijing's energy saving potential related analysis are also presented. Finally concluding remarks, the author points out the problems and findings which are conducive for Beijing to build green low-carbon city and construct a world city.
The Application and Development of EM Technology in Municipal Sewage Treatment
Authors: Huang Kun , Du Bing Xin , Liu Chang Lu , Du Hui Rong
Published: September 2013

With the development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the output of municipal sewage gradually increase, which imposes great pressure to the sustainable development of environment. Effective microorganisms (EM) technique has been considered as cheap and effective technique to apply in sewage treatment and gradually attracted scientists much attention also due to its environmentally friendly nature. This paper is aimed to draw a conclusion about the applications of EM technique in municipal sewage treatment and offer proposals to promote the intensive development of EM technique.
Effect of Initial Temperature on Free Radicals of Gas Explosion in Restricted Space
Authors: Gao Na
Published: September 2013

The SENKIN subroutine package of CHEMKIN chemical kinetics package was used to analyze the gas explosion at three initial temperatures of 1000K, 1050K and 1100K in restricted space, based on the detailed chemical kinetics mechanism of methane combustion. The changes of explosion temperature, explosion pressure and free radicals O, H and OH generated were discussed. The results show that with elevated initial temperature, the explosion temperature increases, while the explosion pressure decreases, and the ignition delay time is shortened. Moreover, the higher the initial temperature is, the higher the mole fraction of free radicals is.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Salidroside by Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Wang Dao Wu , Feng Xin Xia , Li Xiao Long , Zhang Long
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The article established electrospun nanofibers as extraction medium to enrich and purify salidroside and detected the content changes by high performance liquid chromatography. 4 g polystyrene was dissolved in 20 mL butanone for spinning. The electrospun nanofibers was processed and loaded into solid extraction column. 3 mL sample was injected and eluted by 10 mL methanol at the speed of 2 mL/min, collecting the elution for the HPLC analysis. The results show that the relative content of solidroside increased from 24% to 55% and the extraction recovery was above 92%. The method is simple and convenient. It can replace traditional solid phase extraction to enrich solidroside.
Mesitylene-Assisted Formation of Large Pore SBA-15 Microspheres
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Jian Zhong
Published: September 2013

Large pore SBA-15 microspheres were synthesized by a simple mesitylene (TMB)-assisted method. A series of characterization results demonstrated that the addition of mesitylene can not only obtain large-pore particles by forming siliceous mesocelluar foam (MCF) structure but facilitate the formation of spherical SBA-15 silicas. It was found that, by the addition of certain amount of TMB, the morphology of SBA-15 silicas is perfectly spherical while the pore structure remains unchanged. And the well-ordered SBA-15 microspheres exhibit large pore and good dispersibility.