bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of UHDR and Conventional Irradiation on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Percent Ly6G+ CD45+ Cells in the Hippocampus
Authors: Chaklai Ariel , Canaday Pamela , O'Niel Abigail , Cucinotta Francis A. , Sloop Austin , Gladstone David , Pogue Brian , Zhang Rongxiao , Sunnerberg Jacob , Kheirolla Alireza , Thomas Charles R. , Hoopes P. Jack , Raber Jacob
Published: May 2023

In the current study, we assessed the effects of conventional and Ultra High Dose Rate (UHDR) irradiation on behavioral and cognitive performance one month following exposure and assessed whether these effects were associated with alterations in the number of immune cells in the hippocampus using flow cytometry. Conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice showed impaired novel object recognition. During fear learning, conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the inter-stimulus-interval (ISI) and UHDR-irradiated mice also moved less during the baseline period (prior to the first tone). In irradiated mice, reduced activity levels were also seen in the home cage; conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the light period and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the dark period. Following behavioral and cognitive testing, infiltrating immune cells in the hippocampus were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percent Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was lower in conventional- and UHDR-irradiated than sham-irradiated mice, suggesting that neutrophils might be particularly sensitive to radiation. The percent of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was positively correlated with the time spent exploring the novel object in the object recognition test, suggesting that the reduced percent Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus might mediate some of the detrimental radiation-induced cognitive effects.
A Novel Method of Forecasting Chaotic and Random Wind Speed Regimes Based on Machine Learning with the Evolution and Prediction of Volterra Kernels
Authors: Abdul Majid Amir
Published: May 2023

This study aims to focus on using the Volterra series and machine learning for forecasting random and chaotic wind speed regimes, since the calm weather is mostly noticed at the local site, making the dataset selection difficult. A novel method is proposed to predict Volterra kernels up to the third order, using a forward-back propagation neural network with 12-month measurements at Fujairah site (UAE). Both daily and monthly wind speed data sets are investigated for forecasting. The three dominant hourly and daily kernels are extracted for each day and each month. Predicted future Volterra kernels are estimated from past values using both statistical analysis and individual neuro networks for each of the Volterra kernel coefficients. Due to the random nature of wind speed at the local site, a two-layer with 4 neurons per layer neuro network is used to locate the most variable and intense speed during 8-hours in the day. Forecasted wind speed is determined with errors arising from different sources such as the utilization of only 3rd-order Volterra kernels and the difficulty of machine training of the employed shallow network. Nevertheless, this work depicts a useful algorithm to forecast chaotic and random wind speed regimes. Computational time is a trade of the complexity of Volterra mathematical analysis.
A Case of De Novo Positional Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome (CompSAS)
Authors: Khalifa Abdelkarim , Spielmanns Marc
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is well known to often improve with non-supine positioning as opposed to su¬pine positioning. Emerging research supports a role for sleep position management in patients with central sleep apnea (CSA) as well. We report a case of de novo Complex Sleep apnea Syndrome (CompSAS) in a 78-year-old female, who presented after a car accident due to unclear syncope. Diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) showed a moderate OSA. A CompSAS developed under Automatic positive airway pressure (APAP), while download data of 4 years showed a good adherence. No significant benefit was reported under Adaptive Servo Ventilation (ASV) and BiPAP-ST, while a reduction of CSA in non-supine position was noticed. Oxygen and sleep positional therapy (SPT) were considered resulting in a significant improvement of CSA and sleep quality. Further research on the prevalence of positional CSA is needed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Ca2+–CO32-–NH4+–Cl-–H2O System
Authors: Han Chengzhi , Mei Xiaohui , Zhao Qing , Liu Weiwei , Guo Bujv , Liu Chengjun
Published: May 2023

A large amount of steel slag (SS) and CO2 are generated in the steelmaking process. The indirect CO2 capture using SS is a promising way for co-treatment of the wastes. Ammonium salt solution is widely used to extract Ca2+ from the SS since it is recyclable. Several works have focus on improving the carbonation rate by adjusting various parameters (e.g., temperature and pH). However, there is little detail information about the associating behaviors and interaction strength between the various ions in the ammonia solution during the carbonation process. In this work, the Ca2+–CO32-–NH4+–Cl-–H2O system was established by using Material studio software. The effects of temperature and concentration of CO32- on CaCO3 growth were explored at the atomic scale by calculating the binding energy, mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficient between particles. Furthermore, the microstructure, bonding characteristics, and occurrence behavior of each particle were studied though molecular dynamics simulation methods. The results showed that with the increase of temperature (20–80 ℃), the binding ability and diffusion coefficients of Ca2+ and CO32- increase in the system, which is beneficial to the formation of CaCO3 clusters. With the increase of the concentration of CO32- (15–25 vol.%), the binding ability and diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ and CO32- in the system are enhanced, which is beneficial to the formation of CaCO3 clusters.
Factors Informing the Development of a Clinical Pathway and Quality of Life Post Non-union Fractures of the Lower Limb
Authors: Magida Nontembiso , Myezwa Hellen , Mudzi Witness
Published: May 2023

Patients with non-union fractures spend extended periods in the hospital following poor healing. Patients have to make several follow-up visits for medical and rehabilitation purposes. However, the clinical pathways and quality of life of these patients are unknown. This prospective study aimed to identify the clinical pathways (CPs) of 22 patients with lower limb non-union fractures whilst determining their quality of life. Data were collected from hospital records on admission through discharge, utilising a CP questionnaire. We used the same questionnaire to track patients' follow-up frequency, involvement in activities of daily living, and outcomes at six months. We used the short form-36 questionnaire to assess patients’ initial quality of life. The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the quality of life domains across different fracture sites. We examined CPs using medians and inter-quantile ranges. During the six-month follow-up period, 12 patients with lower limb non-union fractures were readmitted. All of the patients had impairments, limited activity, and participation restrictions. Lower limb fractures can have a substantial impact on emotional and physical health, and lower limb non-union fractures may have an even greater effect on the emotional and physical health of patients, necessitating a more holistic approach to patient care.
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Com-Plexity of Alunogen, Al2(SO4)3·17H2O, From Kamchatka Geo-Thermal Field
Authors: Zhitova Elena S , Sheveleva Rezeda M , Zolotarev Andrey A , Nuzhdaev Anton A
Published: May 2023

Alunogen, Al2(SO4)3·17H2O, occurs as an efflorescent in acid mine drainage, low-temperature fumarolic or pseudofumarolic (at coal fires) terrestrial environments. It is considered as one of the main Al-sulfates of Martian soils demanding comprehensive crystal chemical data of natural terrestrial samples. However, structural studies of natural alunogen were carried out in 1970s without localization of H atoms and have not previously been performed for samples from geothermal fields, despite the fact that these environments are considered as proxies of the Martian conditions. The studied alunogen sample comes from Verkhne-Koshelevsky geothermal field (Koshelev volcano, Kamchatka, Russia). Its chemical formula is somewhat dehydrated, Al2(SO4)3×15.8 H2O. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R1 = 0.068 based on 5112 unique observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Alunogen crystalizes in P-1 space group, a = 7.4194(3), b = 26.9763(9), c = 6.0549(2) Å, α = 90.043(3), β = 97.703(3), γ = 91.673(3) °, V = 1200.41(7) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of isolated SO4 tetrahedra, Al(H2O)6 octahedra and H2O molecules connected by hydrogen bonds. The structure refinement includes Al, S and O positions that are similar to previous structure determinations and thirty-four H positions localized for the natural sample first. The study also shows the absence of isomorphic substitutions in the composition of alunogen despite the iron-enriched environment of mineral crystallization. The variability of the alunogen crystal structure is reflected in the number of “zeolite” H2O molecules and their splitting. The structure complexity of alunogen and its modifications ranges from 333-346 bits/cell for models with non-localized H atoms to 783-828 bits/cell for models with localized H atoms. The higher values correspond to higher hydration state of alunogen.
Advances in Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor Structures: From Conventional to Novel and Emerging
Authors: Zhang Wen , Lang Xianzheng , Liu Xuecheng , Li Guoru , Singh Ragini , Zhang Bingyuan , Kumar Santosh
Published: May 2023

Optical fiber sensors based on tapered optical fiber (TOF) structure have attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers due to the advantages of simple fabrication, high stability, diverse structures, and have great potential for applications in many fields such as physics, chemistry and biology. Compared with ordinary optical fibers, TOF with their unique structural characteristics significantly improve the sensitivity and response speed of fiber-optic sensors and broaden the application range. This review presents an overview of the latest research status and characteristics of fiber-optic sensors and TOF sensors. Then the working principle of TOF sensors, fabrication schemes of TOF structures, novel TOF structures in recent years, and the growing emerging application areas are described. Finally, the development trends and challenges of TOF sensors are prospected. The objective of this review is to convey novel perspectives and strategies for the performance optimization and design of TOF sensors based on fiber-optic sensing technologies.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome Components with Kidney Cancer in Young Adult Population
: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Hee Yeon , Han Kyung-Do , Woo In Sook , Kwon Hyuk-Sang
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with kidney cancer and the impact of age and gender on such association. Using Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 9,932,670 subjects who had check-up in 2009 were followed up until the diagnosis of kidney cancer or death or until 2019. Kidney cancer was significantly associated with MetS (HR 1.56). This association was higher in the younger age group (HR: 1.82, 1.5, and 1.37 in 20-39 years, 40-64 years, and ≥65 years, respectively). In terms of the association of kidney cancer with obesity and central obesity, young-aged males showed higher HR for kidney cancer than old-aged ones (HR of obesity: 1.96, 1.52, and 1.25; HR of central obesity: 1.94, 1.53, and 1.3 in 20-39 years, 40-64 years, ≥65 years, respectively), while young-aged females showed lower HR. Kidney cancer was associated with obesity and MetS. The association was higher in younger aged population than in older ones. Regarding gender, MetS, obesity, and central obesity showed higher associations with kidney cancer in younger aged male population, while there was no significant difference in such association according to age in females.
Comparison Between Low-Level and High-Intensity Laser Therapy as An Adjunctive Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Azzuan , Moganan Mageswari , Hamid Mohamad Shariff A , Sulaiman Norhuda , Moorthy Ushantini , Hasnan Nazirah , Yusof Ashril
Published: May 2023

Background: Low-level (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) can be beneficial additions to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation exercises; however, it is still being determined which modality is more effective. Aim: To compare the effects of LLLT and HILT as adjuncts to rehabilitation exercise (LL+EX and HL+EX) on clinical outcomes in KOA. Methods: Thirty-four adults with mild to moderate KOA were randomly allocated to either LL+EX (n = 17) or HL+EX (n = 17) groups. All participants underwent their designated laser treatment combined with rehabilitation exercises weekly for twelve consecutive weeks. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), active knee flexion, and Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) were assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention. Results: Post-intervention, both groups significantly improved their KOOS, NPRS, active knee flexion, and TUG scores compared to baseline (p < 0.01). The mean difference of change in KOOS, NPRS, and active knee flexion scores for the HL+EX group surpassed the minimal clinically important difference threshold. In contrast, the LL+EX group only demonstrated clinical significance in NPRS scores. Conclusions: Incorporating HILT as an adjunct to usual KOA rehabilitation led to significantly higher improvements in pain, physical function, and knee-related disability compared to LLLT.
Thinking beyond Vaccination: Promising Add-On Strategies to Active Immunization and Vaccination in Pandemics - a Mini-Review
Authors: Tatzber Franz , Wonisch Willibald , Resch Ulrike , Strohmaier Wolfgang , Lindschinger Meinrad , Mörkl Sabrina , Cvirn Gerhard
Published: May 2023

There is little doubt that final victories over pandemics, such as COVID-19, are attributed to herd immunity, either through post-disease convalescence or active immunization of a high percentage of the world's population with vaccines, demonstrating protection from infection and transmission, being available in large quantities and at reasonable prices. However, it is assumable that humans with immune defects or immune suppression, e.g., as a consequence of allograft transplantation, cannot be immunized actively nor produce sufficient immune responses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. These subjects desperately need other strategies, such as sophisticated protection measures and active immunization.
Hypertonic salt solutions attack vulnerable core areas of viruses, i.e., salt denatures surface proteins and thus prohibits virus penetration of somatic cells. It has to be ensured that somatic proteins are not affected by denaturation regarding this unspecific virus protection. Impregnating filtering facepieces with hypertonic salt solutions is a straightforward way to inactivate viruses and other potential pathogens. As a result of the contact of salt crystals on the filtering facepiece, these pathogens become denatured and inactivated almost quantitatively. Such a strategy could be easily applied to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and other ones that may occur in the future. Another possible tool to fight the COVID-19 pandemic is passive immunization with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, preferably from human origin. Such antibodies can be harvested from patients´ human sera, which have successfully survived their SARS-CoV-2 infection. The disadvantage of a rapid decrease of the immunoglobulin titer after infection ends can be overcome by immortalizing antibody-producing B-cells via fusion with, e.g., mouse myeloma cells. The resulting monoclonal antibodies are then of human origin and available in, at least theoretically, unlimited amounts. Finally, dry blood spots are a valuable tool for surveilling the population´s immunity.
A Miniature Multi-Functional Photoacoustic Probe
Authors: Lin Riqiang , Zhang Jiaming , Gao Wen , Wang Xiatian , Lv Shengmiao , Lam Kwok-ho , Gong Xiaojing
Published: May 2023

Photoacoustic technology is a promising tool to provide morphological and functional information in biomedical research. To enhance the imaging efficiency, the reported photoacoustic probes have been designed coaxially involving complicated optical/acoustic prisms to bypass the opaque piezoelectric layer of ultrasound transducers, but leading to bulky probes and hindering the applications in limited space. Though the emergence of transparent piezoelectric materials helps to save the effort on the coaxial design, the reported transparent ultrasound transducers were still bulky. In this work, a miniature photoacoustic probe with an outer diameter of 4 mm was developed, in which an acoustic stack was made of the combination of transparent piezoelectric material and gradient-index lens as a backing layer. The transparent ultrasound transducer exhibited a high center frequency of ~47 MHz and a -6 dB bandwidth of 29.4%, which could be easily assembled with a pigtailed ferrule of a single-mode fiber. The multi-functional capability of the probe was successfully validated through the experiments of fluid flow sensing and photoacoustic imaging.
Alternative Evolutionary Pathways in Paspalum Involving Allotetraploidy, Sexuality, and Varied Mating Systems
Authors: Schedler Mara , Reutemann Anna Verena , Hojsgaard Diego Hernán , Zilli Alex Leonel , Brugnoli Elsa Andrea , Galdeano Florencia , Acuña Carlos Alberto , Honfi Ana Isabel , Martínez Eric Javier
Published: May 2023

The genetic systems of Paspalum species have not been extensively studied. We analysed the ploidy, reproductive mode, mating system, and fertility of four Paspalum species - P. durifolium, P. ionan-thum, P. regnellii, and P. urvillei. An analysis of 378 individuals from 20 populations of north-eastern Argentina was conducted. All populations of the four Paspalum species were pure tetraploid and had a sexual and stable reproductive mode. However, some populations of P. durifolium and P. ionanthum showed low levels of apospory. Populations of P. durifolium and P. ionanthum had low seed sets under self-pollination but were fertile under open pollination, showing that self-incompatibility likely caused self-sterility. In contrast, populations of P. regnellii or P. urvillei showed no evidence of apospory and seed set in both self- and open pollination conditions were high, suggesting that they are self-compatible, due to the absence of pollen-pistil molecular in-compatibility mechanisms. The evolutionary origin of the four Paspalum species could explain these differences. This study supplies valuable insights into the genetic systems of Paspalum species, which could have implications for their conservation and management.
Experiments on Steam Injection Into Preformed Steam Chambers of Various Shapes for Maximum Condensate Recovery
Authors: Medina A. , Garcia Diego Benjamin , Lopez-Villa A. , Castillo-Morales Benjamin , Polupan Georgiy
Published: May 2023

Recently, in a previous study, we have experimentally shown the existence of an optimal
injected steam mass flow rate, per unit length, ϕopt, which produces the maximal recovery of con-
densate in a preformed steam chamber with an elliptical cross section of horizontal semi-major axis.
Mutatis mutandis, in this work we present experimental studies in preformed steam chambers, one
elliptical and the other circular. In both cases, we also have found the existence of unique optimal
values. These configurations try to recreate the steam condensation, at a given time lapse, as it would
occur during the growth stage of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process, a method used
in the recovery of heavy and extra-heavy oil from homogeneous reservoirs. Finding the optimal
mass flow rates in actual recovery process could become useful in the design of optimized SAGD
processes.
Research on Swing Model and Fuzzy Anti Swing Control Technology of Bridge Crane
Authors: YU Zhen , DONG Ming Hao , LIU Ming Chang
Published: May 2023

The bridge crane is often used in a complex environment, often subject to interference of all loads. Some uncertainties factors often have an inevitable impact on its swing. So the force situation of the bridge crane during a working cycle is analyzed, and a three-dimensional dynamic mathematical model of the bridge crane is built. Through the simulation analysis of the model under the action of driving force and wind load, the change law of the swing angle of the bridge crane is studied. Then, the fuzzy control theory is used to determine the control parameter in the anti sway control process. The position, swing angle deviation and deviation rate of the bridge crane are taken as the input, and the parameter correction is obtained after the fuzzification by using the center of gravity method, the anti sway fuzzy control system of the bridge crane is designed and simulated. The research results show that the fuzzy PID anti sway controller can not only improve the adaptability of the control system, but also overcome the large overshoot, quickly restrain the swing, and effectively realize the anti sway function of the bridge crane.
IDENTIFIKASI PERMASALAHAN DAN PENANGANAN PEMBIAYAAN PEMILIKAN RUMAH (PPR) MELALUI AKAD MURABAHAHPADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA (BSI) KCP RUNGKUT 1 SURABAYA
Authors: Shinta Wulandari Athiya , Setyowati Arin
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui identifikasi persoalan dan penanganan Pembiayaan Pemilikan Rumah (PPR) melalui akad murabahah di Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Surabaya Rungkut 1. Studi ini dirancang menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data melewati proses wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan ada tiga tahap analisis data yaitu: Reduksi data, Penyajian Data (DisplayData), dan Penarikan Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, Implementasi Pembiayaan Pemilikan Rumah (PPR) pada BSI KCP Surabaya Rungkut 1 dalam pembiayaan menggunakan akad murabahah, tetapi juga menggunakan akad wakalah sebagai pelengkap pelaksanaan akad murabahah.Pelaksanaan akad murabahah pada BSI sudah memenuhi fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 4/DSN-MUI/IV/ 2000, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan pihak bank yang melakukan  akad wakalah terlebih dahulu lalu dilanjutkan pelaksanaan akad murabahah setelah pihak bank melakukan transaksi dengan developer.Beberapa ragam persoalan dalam proses pembiayaan pemilikan rumah (PPR) dan penangan yang dilakukan oleh pihak BSI Surabaya Rungkut 1 sebagai berikut; Jika nasabah telat mengangsur dalam jangka waktu yang lama  maka pihak BSI KCP Surabaya Rungkut 1 akan melakukan restrukturisasi atau rekondisi, jika nasabah melakukan take over pembiayaan diperbolehkan asalkan tujuannya untuk pelunasan pembiayaan (selain tujuan itu tidak diperbolehkan), dan jika ada musibah yang mendadak seperti nasabah meninggal dunia atau mengalami kebakaran rumah. Maka pihak Bank akan mengclaim asuransi nasabah ditujukan dalam hal melunasi pembiayaan yang masih tersisa. Adapun penanganan untuk menanggulangi peningkatan NPF, pihak BSI KCP Surabaya Rungkut 1 tentunya akan melakukan upaya-upaya agar dapat meminimalisir risiko tersebut yaitu dengan berpatokan pada 5C sebelum memberikan pembiayaan kepada nasabah. 5C terdiri dari: Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condisi.
Experimental Modeling of the Mantle–Slab Interaction in the Metal–Carbonate System, Conditions of Crystallization and Indicator Characteristics of Diamond
Authors: Palyanov Yu.N. , Bataleva Yu.V. , Borzdov Yu.M. , Kupriyanov I.N. , Nechaev D.V.
Published: May 2023

—Experimental studies aimed at determining the conditions for the formation of diamond and graphite as a result of the redox interaction of reduced mantle rocks and oxidized rocks of the slab in a wide temperature range, including the conditions of both “cold” and “hot” subduction, were carried out on a “split-sphere” multianvil high-pressure apparatus (BARS) in the (Fe,Ni)–(Mg,Ca)CO3 system, at 6.3 GPa and 800–1550 °C for 35–105 h, using the “sandwich” assembly. We have established that the interaction of Fe,Ni metal and carbonate is due to the creation and propagation of a redox front, at rates from 1.3 (800 °C) to 118 μm/h (1550 °C). At T < 1200 °С, this interaction leads to the formation of alternating reaction zones (from the reduced center to the oxidized periphery): metal → metal + wüstite/magnesiowüstite → magnesiowüstite + graphite ± Mg,Fe,Ca carbonates → magnesite + aragonite. In this case, in the reduced part of the samples, the formation of a Ni,Fe metal phase strongly enriched in Ni (up to 65–70 wt.% vs. the initial 10 wt.%) was recorded. At higher temperatures, the formation of Fe,Ni metal–carbon (≥1200 °C) and carbonate (≥1330 °C) melts was observed. We have found that the presence of nickel precludes the formation of carbides in the reduced part of the sample and ensures stable diamond crystallization at 1400–1550 °C both in metal–carbon and carbonate melts. Our experiments demonstrate that diamonds from the metal–carbon melt are characterized by inclusions of taenite and magnesiowüstite. The morphology of these diamonds is determined by the {111} layer-by-layer grown faces, and their indicator characteristics are nitrogen–vacancy and nickel-related (884 nm) centers at 1400 °C or nickel–nitrogen centers (S3, 598 nm, 727 nm, 746 nm, etc.) at 1550 °C. For diamonds formed in the carbonate melt, the morphology is determined by the {100} and {111} (vicinal-growth) faces; carbonates are identified as inclusions; and nitrogen–vacancy centers H3, NV0, and NV– are fixed in the photoluminescence spectra. Experiments show that the indicator of the metal–carbonate interaction temperature is the degree of structural perfection of graphite, which increases in the range of 800–1550 °C.
Penggunaan Media Google Classroom dan Kendalanya pada Pembelajaran Daring di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Zidane Jelang , Tisngati Urip , Al Fath Ayatullah Muhamaddin
Published: May 2023

Media plays a role in supporting the learning process, one of which is by utilizing technology as a tool in delivering learning materials. Thus, this study aims to describe how the use of Google Classroom media during online learning, obstacles, and teacher efforts in overcoming the obstacles. The qualitative descriptive research method was chosen. Teachers and students of class V SD Negeri 1 Punung as research subjects. Observation, interview and documentation techniques were used to collect data, then triangulation and data analysis were carried out. The research results obtained, namely: Google Classroom media is used by teachers to deliver material in the form of videos and files. The assignment is carried out as a learning evaluation. The obstacle is from the side of teachers and students, namely the readiness of teachers and students in carrying out online learning in order to maximize and adapt in using the features available in Google Classroom. The teacher's effort to overcome these obstacles is by sending assignment files via WhatsApp. Teachers are advised to use other media combinations that make the class more varied and interesting.
Peran Guru dalam Pembinaan Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Humaira Sofwa Zahrotul
Published: May 2023

The implementation of character education development cannot be separated from the role of the teacher. In accordance with the existing problems, the formulation of this research is how the role of teachers in efforts to develop the character of third grade elementary school students, obstacles, and solutions to overcome them. This type of research was descriptive qualitative. The subject were five elementary school teachers. The time of the research was before the Covid-19 pandemic (SDN Ploso I, 2018) and during the Covid-19 pandemic (SDN 1 Jetiskidul, 2021). Data were collected through interview and documentation techniques. Furthermore, triangulation and data analysis were carried out with the stages of data reduction, then data presentation, verification and drawing conclusions. The first result is that the character of elementary school students is developed through the role of the teacher as a caregiver, role model, and mentor. Second, teachers experience obstacles from student factors, parents, the environment, and the influence of social media. Based on these obstacles, a solution is made in the form of intensive interactive communication with parents, increasing habituation, teacher example, mentoring, and conditioning in learning activities.
Colección biológica de mosquitos de importancia médica del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
Authors: Casas-Martínez Mauricio
Published: May 2023

Objetivo. Formalizar y sistematizar la Colección Biológica de Mosquitos del Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Material y métodos. Se realizaron tres proyectos sobre la biodiver­sidad de culícidos del Sur, Centro-Occidente y Península de Yucatán. Resultados. La colección de mosquitos concentra 2 001 registros curatoriales que incluyen 13 géneros, 24 sub­géneros y 79 especies. Los ejemplares son representativos de 18 estados, 205 municipios y 594 localidades. Se generaron publicaciones sobre biodiversidad, secuencias genéticas y mapas de distribución de mosquitos vectores en México. Conclusiones. La colección de mosquitos fue incluida en el Catálogo de Colecciones e Instituciones del Sistema Nacional de Información sobre Biodiversidad y sirve de referencia para la entomología médica regional.
Aedes albopictus infection by the native bacterium Elizabethkingia anophelis in Southern Mexico
Authors: Mosso-González Clemente , Lozano-Sardaneta Yokomi Nisei , Viveros-Santos Vicente , Ozuna-Martínez Larry Jazael , Reyes-Mazariegos Daniela , Torres-Monzón Jorge Aurelio
Published: May 2023

Objective. To evaluate the presence of Elizabethkingia anophelis infection in Aedes albopictus wild populations of Southern Mexico. Materials and methods. Eight sites were selected to collect Aedes albopictus in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, females were analyzed to amplify the Gyrase B gene by PCR, the minimum infection rate of E. anopheliswas calculated and its species was determined by sequencing and phylogeny. Results. The presence of E. anophelis was only observed in Huehuetán with a minimum infection rate of 37.8%. Conclusion. A local strain of E. anophelis was detected for the first time in Ae. albopictus from Chiapas and this bacterium could be considered a candidate for study as a probable control agent or as a vehicle for transgenesis.
Prevalencia y determinantes de la infección por virus de papiloma humano en mujeres jóvenes de Guanacaste y Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 2004-2005
Authors: Carvajal Loretto J , Herrero Rolando , Angulo María M. , Schussler John , Porras Carolina , Ocampo Rebeca , Cortés Bernal , Loría Viviana , Castrillo Hariane , Romero Byron , Barrientos Gloriana , Coronado Karla , Ávila Carlos , Hildesheim Allan , Rodríguez Ana C. , Jiménez Silvia E. , Kreimer Aimée R. , Sierra Mónica S
Published: May 2023

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia e identificar determinantes de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en mujeres jóvenes (18-25 años). Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de 5 871 mujeres sexualmente activas a quienes se les realizó una entrevista y toma de muestras cervicouterinas para detección de VPH y citología durante la visita de reclutamiento del Ensayo de Vacunación contra VPH16/18 en Costa Rica. Se calculó la prevalencia total para cualquier tipo de VPH y tipos oncogénicos, no oncogénicos y específicos, con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Se utilizó regresión logística múltiple paso-a-paso para identificar determinantes asociados con la infección. Resultados. La prevalencia total de VPH fue 50.0% (IC95% 48.8,51.3) y por tipos oncogénicos fue 33.8% (IC95% 32.6,35.0). El VPH-16 fue el tipo más prevalente (8.3%, IC95% 7.6,9.0). Los determinantes asociados con un alto riesgo de infección prevalente por VPH oncogénicos fueron no estar casada/unión libre, >1 compañero sexual, infección concomitante por Chlamydia trachomatis, y entre aquéllas con un único compañero sexual en su vida, un compañero con antecedente de múltiples compañeras sexuales. Conclusión. Se confirma la asociación de las infecciones por VPH oncogénicos con el comportamiento sexual de la mujer y se destacan los comportamientos del compañero sexual.
Predictors of Persisting Pain in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Control Study Nested in the ReACCh-Out Cohort
Authors: McGrath Tara , Guzman Jaime , Tucker Lori , Shiff Natalie J , Yaskina Maryna , Tupper Susan , Rumsey Dax G
Published: May 2023

Background
To identify baseline predictors of persisting pain in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), relative to patients with JIA who had similar baseline levels of pain but in whom the pain did not persist.
Methods
We used data from the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children emphasizing Outcomes (ReACCh-Out) inception cohort to compare cases of ‘moderate persisting pain’ with controls of ‘moderate decreasing pain’. Moderate pain was defined as a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain measurement score of > 3.5 cm. Follow-up was minimum 3 years. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression models ascertained baseline predictors of persisting pain.
Results
A total of 31 cases and 118 controls were included. Mean pain scores at baseline were 6.4 (SD 1.6) for cases and 5.9 (1.5) for controls. A greater proportion of cases than controls were females (77.4% vs 65.0%) with rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis (12.9% vs 4.2%) or undifferentiated JIA (22.6% vs 8.5%). Oligoarthritis was less frequent in cases than controls (9.7% vs 33%). At baseline, cases had more active joints (mean of 11.4 vs 7.7) and more sites of enthesitis (4.6 vs 0.7) than controls. In the final multivariate regression model, enthesitis count at baseline (OR 1.40, CI 95% 1.19–1.76), female sex (4.14, 1.33–16.83), and the overall Quality of My Life (QoML) baseline score (0.82, 0.69–0.98) predicted development of persisting pain.
Conclusions
Among newly diagnosed children with JIA with moderate pain, female sex, lower overall quality of life, and higher enthesitis counts at baseline predicted development of persisting pain. If our findings are confirmed, patients with these characteristics may be candidates for interventions to prevent development of chronic pain.
Trends of private drugs sales and costs incurred by patients on anti-tuberculosis drugs in selected districts of Jharkhand (2022): Results from sub-national TB free certification
Authors: Sinha Ratnesh , Rana Rishabh Kumar , Kujur Anit , Jahnavi G , Kumar Mithilesh , Venugopal Vinayagamoorthy , Priya Neha , Kujur Manisha , Jha Ravi Ranjan , Barnwal Rajan Kumar , Nishant Nikhil , Murmu Nisha , Pathak Rajeev , Edward Anupama T , Prasad Ranjit , Modi Bhavesh , Purty Anil J , Nagaraja Sharath Burugina , Nair Dina , Kumar Dewesh
Published: May 2023

Background Government of India is committed to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025 under National Tuberculosis Elimination Program which provides free investigations and treatment as well as incentives for nutritional support during their treatment course.Many tuberculosis patients prefer to seek treatment fromthe private sector which sometimes leads tofinancial constraints for the patients. Our study aims to find the burden of tuberculosis patients in the private sector and the expenses borne by them for their treatment.Methodology :Sales data of Rifampicin-containing formulations drug consumption in the private sector of six districts of Jharkhand was collected from Clearing and Forwarding (C & F) agencies and drug controller office during the SNC activities in the state. Based on the drug sales data total incurring costs of the drugs, total private patient months, total number of patients and cost per patient seeking treatment from private sector were calculated for the year 2015–2021. Data collected was analysed using Jamovi and statistical test such as ANOVA and post hoc test- Tukey HSD method was applied to note the difference between districts.Results There was a marked difference amongst all the districts in relation to all the variables namely total costs, total private patient months, cost per patient and total private patients seeking treatment from the private sector which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).East Singhbhum had the highest out-of-pocket expense and private patients as compared to all 6 districts. Lohardaga showed the sharpest decline in total private patients from 2015 to 2021. The average cost borne by private patients (2015–2021) ranged from 553 INR/ 6.77 USD (Pakur) to 2441 INR/ 29.88 USD (Lohardaga).Conclusion From the study, it was concluded that purchase of medicines for tuberculosis treatment from private sector is one of theessential elements in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) borne by tuberculosis patients. Hence, newer initiatives should be explored to foresee the future costs of out-of-pocket expenditure borne by the patients and decrease OOPE-induced poverty.
The causes for failed conversion of epidural labor analgesia to epidural surgical anesthesia: A controlled before-after study
Authors: Li Shuying , Gu Juan , Zhang Yan , Li Xuesheng , Xiong Xian
Published: May 2023

Background: There are few specific reports on the possible reasons for the failure of epidural labor analgesia (ELA) conversion to epidural surgical anesthesia (ESA). We designed this study to investigate the possible reasons for the failure of ELA conversion to ESA by comparing the changes in the spinal canal of parturients after continuous epidural analgesia during delivery and 24 hours after drug withdrawal through lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination.
Methods: The parturients who deliveried vaginally with ELA were included. Lumbar MRI examination was performed 2 hours after delivery and 24 hours after delivery. All data were transferred to a Siemens PACS workstation for measurement. The results of the MRI examinations 2 and 24 hours after delivery were compared. The primary outcomes were the area of the dural sac (DS) and epidural space (ES), and the secondary outcomes were the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of bilateral spinal ganglion and the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the dural sac. Data related to ELA were also recorded.
Results: MRI examination was completed at 2 hours after delivery in 11 parturients with ELA, and two of themrefused a second MRI. Among the 11 parturients, two were found to have obvious drug liquid accumulation in the epidural space, but one of the two refused the second MRI examination. Comparing the MRI examination completed at 2 hours with that completed at 24 hours after delivery, the area of the dural sac and the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter (except L1-2) of the dural sac decreased at the L4-5, L3-4, L2-3 and L1-2 levels, while the area of the epidural space increased at the L4-5, L3-4, L2-3 and L1-2 levels. There were no signigicant differences in the bilateral ADC values between 2 and 24 hours after delivery.
Conclusion: ELA may lead to dilation of the epidural space, compression of the epidural sac, and even accumulation of epidural fluid. The reason for the failure of epidural conversion might be that the low concentration of local anesthetics retained in the epidural space during labor analgesia diluted the high concentration of local anesthetics during cesarean section. It might also be that ELA leads to epidural expansion and dural sac compression, which affect the diffusion of high concentrations of local anesthetics during cesarean section.
Trial registration: Chictr.org, ChiCTR2200059311. Registered on 28/04/2022. www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=167814.
Silver nanoparticles green-synthesized ethanol-water extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus buds and their antimicrobial activities
Authors: Nguyen Dien Trung , Nguyen Thi Hong , Hoang Hai Yen , Tran Thanh Huy , Thai Thi Tuyet Nhung
Published: May 2023

In the current study, using Cleistocalyx operculatus bud extracts to synthesize silver nanoparticles is considered a novel, eco-friendly, and low-priced process that advances chemical and physical methods. Cleistocalyx operculatus bud extracts played a dual part in reducing and stabilizing silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles was recognized on UV-Vis spectra at an absorption maximum of 432 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images detected the quasi-spherical nanoparticle shape with an average size of 26.2 nm corresponding with water extract and 27.5 nm synthesized by ethanol-water extract. The obtained silver nanoparticles had moderate stability with zeta potential ranging from −15.4 to −38.4 mV. The phase purity of the bio-synthesized materials was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction pattern. The Fourier-transform infrared analysis demonstrated hydroxyl groups acting as stabilizing agents in the extract. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from ethanol-water extract exhibited higher antibacterial and anticancer activity than nanomaterials prepared with water extract. Positive-gram bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Staphylococcus aureus, negative-gram bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica), and cancer cell lines (lung cancer A549, hepatic cancer Hep-G2, epidermal carcinoma KB, and breast cancer MCF-7) were both inhibited by the nanoparticles synthesized with ethanol-water extract.
Comparative Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Chloroplast Genomes of Ten Medicinal Species of Rutaceae
Authors: Shen Lianwen , Chen Shengqun , Liang Mei , Qu Shang , Feng Shijing , Wang Dawei , Wang Gang
Published: May 2023

Rutaceae family comprises economically important plants due to their extensive applications in spices, food, oil, medicine, etc. Better utilization of Rutaceae plants through biotechnology. Modern biotechnological approaches majorly rely on the heterologous expression of functional proteins in different vectors; however, several proteins are difficult to express outside their native environment. The expression potential of functional genes in heterologous systems can be maximized by replacing the rare synonymous codons in the vector with preferred optimal codons of functional genes. Codon usage bias plays an essential role in biogenetic engineering-based research and development. In the current study, 727 coding sequences (CDSs) obtained from the chloroplast genomes of ten Rutaceae plant family members were analyzed for codon usage bias. The nucleotide composition analysis of codons showed that these codons were rich in A/T(U) bases and preferred A/T(U) endings. Analyses of neutrality plots, effective number of codons (ENC) plots, and correlations between ENC and codon adaptation index (CAI) were conducted, which revealed that natural selection is a major driving force for the Rutaceae plant family’s codon usage bias, followed by base mutation. In the ENC vs. CAI plot, we observed that codon usage bias in the Rutaceae family had little relationship with gene expression level. For each sample, we screened 12 codons as preferred and high-frequency codons simultaneously, of which GCU encoding Ala, UUA encoding Leu, and AGA encoding Arg were the most preferred codons. Taken together, our study unraveled the synonymous codon usage pattern in the Rutaceae family, which may provide valuable information for the genetic engineering of Rutaceae plant species in the future.
Clinical Performance of a Multiparametric MRI-based Post Concussive Syndrome Index
Authors: Meyers Steven P , Hirad Adnan , Gonzalez Patricia , Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Mirabelli Mark H. , Rizzone Katherine H. , Ma Heather M. , Rosella Peter , Totterman Saara , Schreyer Edward , Tamez-Pena Jose G.
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has shown measurable changes in the brains of patients with persistent post-concussive syndrome (PCS). Because of inconsistent results in univariate DTI metrics among patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), currently, there is no single objective and reliable MRI index for the clinical decision-making for patients with PCS.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a newly developed post-concussive syndrome index (PCSI) derived from machine learning of multiparametric MRI data, to classify and differentiate subjects with mTBI and PCS history from those without history of mTBI.MethodsData were retrospectively extracted from 139 patients aged between 18 and 60 years with PCS who had MRI examinations obtained 2 weeks to 1-year post-mTBI, as well as MRI data from 333 subjects without a history of head trauma. The performance of the PCSI was assessed by comparing patients with a clinical diagnosis of PCS to control subjects. The PCSI values for patients with PCS were compared based on mechanism of injury, time interval from injury to MRI examination, gender, prior concussion history, loss of consciousness, and reported symptoms.ResultsPatients with mTBI had a mean PCSI value of 0.57, compared to the control group, which had a mean PCSI value of 0.12 (p = 8.42e− 23) with accuracy of 88%, sensitivity of 64%, and specificity of 95% respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in PCSI values when comparing by mechanism of injury, gender, or loss of consciousness.ConclusionThe PCSI for individuals aged between 18 and 60 years was able to accurately identify patients with post-concussive injuries from 2 weeks to 1-year post-mTBI and differentiate them from controls. The study's results suggest that the multiparametric MRI-based PCSI has great potential as an objective clinical tool to support the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of those with post-concussive syndrome. Future research is required to investigate the replicability of this method using other types of clinical MRI scanners.
Exercise Intervention and Improvement of Negative Emotions in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Jiayu , Jiang Xiaoping , Huang Zan , Shao Tianyi
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND: Anxiety, depression, and stress are the most common mental health problems in childhood. Exercise interventions in childhood help to promote mental health. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between exercise interventions and improvement of negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and stress in children (13 years or younger).
METHODS: Articles were searched in five electronic databases from their inception to January 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0.
RESULTS: Twenty-three intervention studies included 6830 children. 1) The exercise intervention group was significantly better than the control group in improving negative emotions (Standard Mean Difference SMD=-0.25, 95% Confidence Intervals CI: -0.34 to -0.15, P<0.01). Exercise intervention improved different kinds of negative emotions: anxiety (SMD=-0.19, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.06, P<0.01), depression (SMD=-0.22, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.01, P<0.01), and stress (SMD=-0.33, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.14, P<0.01); it was most effective at relieving problematic stress. Exercise interventions lasting 20-45 mins were most effective in improving children's negative emotions (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20, P<0.01). An exercise intervention period of 10 weeks was more effective in improving children's negative mood (SMD=-0.26, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.17, P=0.274).
CONCLUSION: Exercise interventions may improve negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and stress in children. These findings may have clinical implications for children with negative affect. However, these studies showed a large heterogeneity, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should report the variability of exercise interventions by gender, age group, and type, intensity, and place of exercise.