bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specyfika rozumienia podstawowych terminów teologiczno-filozoficznych w nauczaniu Sewera z Antiochii
Authors:   Chrześcijańska Akademia Teologiczna w Warszawie, Wydział Teologiczny, Polska, Awksentiuk Piotr
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on the specific understanding of basic theological and philosophical terms of Severus of Antioch’s teaching. The author analyses such concepts as: "essence" (οὐσία), "hypostasis" (ὑπόστασις), "person" (πρόσωπον), "nature" (φύσις) and "energy" (ἐνέργεια). The research on the above terms is a necessary introduction to further study of christology of the most outstanding of the representatives of "moderate monophysism". As a result of the conducted research, the differences in the Severus of Antioch and the Diphysites’ understanding of the above-mentioned concepts were revealed. Of particular note is the interpretation of the concept of "φύσις", which for the Antiochian Patriarch is synonymous with the terms "ὑπόστασις" and "πρόσωπον". It also seems specific to interpret the term "ἐνέργεια", which, according to Severus, is not an attribute of a being, but is only a manifestation of a specific hypostasis/nature/person.
Perfiles emocionales del profesorado novel sin formación docente al iniciar la enseñanza profesional
Authors: Vargas Castro Erick Zorobabel
Published: September 2024

The beginning of teaching involves the confluence of multiple concerns and emotions with novice teachers as protagonists. In this regard, this article describes the emotional profiles resulting from the first teaching experience in upper secondary education in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México, of professionals with initial training in different areas of knowledge, suddenly being immersed in complex classroom interactions. The research was qualitative, descriptive in scope. The fieldwork derived from the Biographical-Narrative method and two techniques, one main, semi-structured interview, and the other complementary with the narrative in written mode, for thirty teachers, organized into three groups: 1) physical, mathematical and engineering sciences, 2) social sciences, and 3) health sciences. The results showed a trend of concerns related to content mastery, discipline in the classroom, and the individual needs of students as the main causes of emotions ranging from satisfactory and challenging to learning, nervousness, tiredness, or even the desire to quit. It is concluded that there is a significant difference between groups according to a perception of the conflictive school reality and the priority towards different areas of education, whose linking root acquires meaning in relation to accredited initial training.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF METHANE CONCENTRATION IN BAIKAL SURFACE WATER IN SPRING PERIOD
Authors: ПЕСТУНОВ Д.А. , ШАМРИН А.М. , ДОМЫШЕВА В.М. , САКИРКО М.В. , ПАНЧЕНКО М.В.
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты исследования пространственного распределения концентрации метана в поверхностной воде оз. Байкал в весенний период. Основой послужили данные измерений, которые впервые были проведены в режиме круглосуточной непрерывной регистрации содержания СН4 по всей трассе прохода исследовательского судна в комплексных экспедициях ЛИН СО РАН в весенние сезоны 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022 гг. По результатам шести экспедиций сформирован объединенный массив данных из 12100 сегментов (шаг 0,005° по широте и 0,01° долготе), суммарная площадь которых составила 4466,7 км2, или 14% от поверхности оз. Байкал. Расчет статистических характеристик был осуществлен в четырех зонах: между изобатами 0 и 100 м, 100 и 200 м, 200 и 400 м, свыше 400 м. Проведенное сравнение значений концентраций метана в анализируемом массиве с данными других исследователей, полученными в разные годы на близких участках акватории, позволило заключить, что представленные в работе результаты адекватно отражают наиболее устойчивые особенности пространственной картины распределения концентрации СН4 в поверхностной воде оз. Байкал в весенние сезоны.

The results of describing the spatial distribution of methane concentration in the surface water of Lake Baikal in the spring are presented. The basis was the measurements of CH4 content which were first carried out in the round-the-clock continuous mode along the entire route of the passage of research vessel in the complex expeditions of LIN SB RAS in the spring seasons of 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2022. Based on the results of six expeditions, a data array was compiled; it included 12100 segments (with a step of 0.005° in latitude and 0.01° in longitude) which covered the total area 4466.7 km2, or 14% of the Baikal mirror. For a more detailed description of the spatial distribution of methane concentrations in surface water throughout the Baikal water area, the statistical characteristics were calculated in four zones: between 0 and 100 m, 100 and 200 m, 200 and 400 m, and over 400 m isobaths. The comparison of the methane concentrations in the analyzed array with the data of other researchers obtained in different years in close regions of the water area made it possible to conclude that the results presented in the work adequately reflect the most stable features of the spatial distribution of methane concentration in surface water in spring seasons.
A mouse model of overexpression of human IL-6 by tissue-resident macrophages in the context of LPS-induced inflammation
Authors: Chicherina N. R. , Gorshkova E. A. , Myachev E. A. , Yakovleva A. S. , Litvinova A. M. , Namakanova O. A. , Zvartsev R. V. , Nedospasov S. A. , Drutskaya M. S.
Published: September 2024

Chronic inflammation caused by overexpression of IL-6 underlies a number of pathological conditions Mouse models of systemic chronic inflammation with overexpression of human IL-6 (hIL-6) are in demand not only in the context of studying the molecular mechanisms of inflammation, but also in assessing the effectiveness of clinically approved or newly developed IL-6 inhibitors. One experimental approach in addressing such models in mice relies on the induction of systemic acute inflammation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. This work describes mice with tamoxifen-dependent overexpression of human IL-6 in CX3CR1+ myeloid cells in the context of systemic inflammation induced by LPS administration. Our study demonstrates that the highest expression of the transgene carrying IL6 was observed in the heart, while high production of this cytokine was detected in the blood serum. In response to LPS administration, the production of hIL-6 in the blood increased in transgenic mice, while the production of mIL-6 also increased and was comparable to that in wild-type mice. The consequences of high systemic production of hIL-6, which in our model originates from CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages, were noticeable even in the organs in which these cells are not present. Thus, significant amounts of hIL-6 were detected in tissue lysates of the lungs of transgenic mice after LPS administration. Evaluation of the expression of genes encoding cytokines and markers of tissue remodeling upon injury using quantitative real-time PCR showed significant changes in their expression in the context of LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Thus, this work demonstrates the feasibility of using a mouse model with tamoxifen-dependent transgene activation in CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages to study the effects of systemic overexpression of IL-6 and pharmacological blockade of this cytokine with clinically approved or newly developed inhibitors in the context of experimentally induced diseases.
Ambiguity of the influence of cytokines IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα, AND IFNγ on the antigen presenting CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ subpopulation of neutrophil granulocytes in children with acute hematogenic osteomyelitis
Authors: Chudilova G. A. , Nesterova I. V. , Teterin Yu. V. , Melkonyan K. I. , Atazhakhova M. G. , Chapurina V. N. , Chicherev E. A.
Published: September 2024

Dysfunctions of the immune system, in turn, of neutrophil granulocytes (NG), are the cause of the emergence and progression of the focus of infection in bone tissue and bone marrow in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). When colonizing bones, S. aureus, osteoblasts, osteocytes and macrophages secrete chemoattractants and cytokines, which initiate the influx of large amounts of NG into the site of infection, which, in turn, secrete cytokines and form an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the formation of osteoclasts that resorb bone. It is known that NG activated by cytokines undergo functional and phenotypic changes. In this regard, detecting the cytokines that lead to the transformation of the NC phenotype into an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in AHO is of interest. Goal, to determine the levels of neutrophil-associated serum cytokines IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα, IFNγ and their relationship with numerous and phenotypic characteristics of subpopulations CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR-, CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+NG in localized and septicopyemic forms of CSO in children.

Children (N = 28) aged 8-15 years with AHO were studied: group 1 – 20 children with a localized form; group 2 – 8 children with septicopyemic form; and a comparison group of 13 conditionally healthy children. The number of NG subpopulations CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+, CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR-, receptors mean expression intensity (MFI) (FC 500, mAb Beckman Coulter, USA); serum cytokines IL-8, IL-17A, TNFα, IFNγ ELISA (ASCENT, Finland), test systems Cloud-Clone Corp. (USA).

The appearance of two activated subpopulations in the peripheral blood (PB) of children with various forms of AHO severity were found: CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR+ with the APC phenotype, capable of presenting the S. aureus superantigen for T lymphocytes and a subpopulation with high cytotoxic activity CD66b+CD16+CD33+HLA-DR- while concentrations of serum cytokines IFNγ, IL-17 are high and levels of TNFα are increased. Due to the fact that the NG activation range correlates with the range of inflammatory tissue damage, including bone tissue, determination of the level of IFNγ, IL-17 can be useful for assessing the severity of AHO, and also possibly for monitoring infectious and inflammatory processes occurring in the bone tissue.

Taking into account the leading role of NG in various inflammatory reactions, determining the expression of HLA-DR, in order to identify the manifestation of the APC-NG subpopulation in peripheral blood, may have diagnostic value not only for AHO, but also for other manifestations of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Extracellular DNA from the blood plasma of patients with schizophrenia stimulates the TLR9-NF-kB signaling pathway in cultured human lymphocytes
Authors: Ershova E. S. , Jestkova E. M. , Savinova E. A. , Kostyuk S. E. , Salimova Т. A. , Veiko N. N.
Published: September 2024

Schizophrenia is a mental illness of complex etiology. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. The concept of neuroinflammation in neurodevelopmental disorders is gaining widespread interest, including the role of Toll-like receptors.

Schizophrenia is associated with an increase in the concentration of cfDNA in human blood, and the composition of cfDNA fragments changes significantly compared to cellular DNA: GC-rich fragments of the ribosomal repeat accumulate and base oxidation occurs. Similar changes, but less pronounced, also occur for cfDNA from healthy donors.

To confirm the hypothesis about the possible participation of cfDNA in the inflammation induction, we studied the effect of cfDNA samples on cultured mononuclear cells.

Unlike cellular DNA, cfDNA(SZ) and cfDNA(K) stimulate transcription of the TLR9 gene in mononuclear cells. After 1 hour the amount of TLR9 RNA increases by 2.9 and 3.3 times compared to the control. After 24 hours, the TLR9 RNA level decreases slightly, but is still 2-3 times higher than the control level. After 1 hour, TLR9 protein increases by 1.5 and 1.7 times, respectively, and further increased after 24h of culture.

An increase TLR9 protein expression correlates with an increase of the transcription factor NF-kB in lymphocytes and is accompanied by an increase in proinflammatory cytokine IL8 RNA, the transcription of IL8 is controlled by the NF-kB factor.

Thus, cfDNA(SZ) and cfDNA(K) stimulate the TLR9-NF-kB-proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathway in lymphocytes. The effect of cfDNA also depends on the concentration of these fragments in the extracellular environment. Since the concentrations of cfDNA in the blood of patients with schizophrenia are significantly increased compared to healthy donors, we should expect a much higher level of activation of the TLR9-NF-kB signaling pathway in the body cells of sick people.

Samples of cfDNA from patients with schizophrenia have a pronounced biological effect on cells of the immune system, stimulating the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the TLR9-NF-kB-proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathway. High levels of cfDNA in blood plasma may be one of the reasons for the induction and maintenance of low-level inflammation in schizophrenia.
Effect of IL-7 and IL-7R blockade on cytokine production by peripheral blood t cells from patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Blinova E. A. , Angelskaya O. A. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: September 2024

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory joint disease, often associated with psoriasis. Interactions between immune cells, mainly T lymphocytes, and cells of the osteoarticular system are central in the pathogenesis of PsA. Th1, Th17 cytokines associated with the development of PsA contribute to an increase in the production of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules by immune cells, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and induction of osteoclasts. That leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone tissue. Among the cytokines potentially involved in the pathogenesis of PsA, IL-7 is of particular interest. IL-7 is a T cell survival factor. However, it can promote the production of IFNγ and TNFα by T cells. IL-7 may indirectly promote osteoclast maturation and cartilage degradation. The aim was to investigate the effect of IL-7 and blockade of the α-chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) in vitro on the production of IL-5, IL-13, IL-2, IL-6, IL-9 IL-10, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-4, and IL-22 by T cells in norm and PsA.

The study included 14 patients with PsA in the acute stage of the disease and 8 healthy individuals. To determine cytokines concentration, multiplex analysis was performed using flow cytometry.

It was shown that IL-7 enhances the production of Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Th9 cytokines in both patients with PsA and healthy individuals. The exception was IL-2 for both groups. Under the blockade of IL-7R with monoclonal antibodies, the level of IL-6 increases and production of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17F, IL-10, IL-5, and IL-9 by donors’ cells and production of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-22, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 by cells from patients with PsA decreases relative to production of cells stimulated with IL-7. In donors, the blockade contributed to a change in the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines: level of IL-4, IL-13 did not change on the background of a decrease in production of IFNγ, TNFα. In patients with PsA, under blockade of IL-7R the production of IL-10 remained at an increased level and concentration of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2, which are actively involved in the tissue damage mechanisms, decreased. The obtained data indicate the prospect of using the IL-7R as a target for the treatment of psoriatic diseases.
Features of beta cell differentiation during the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Belousova A. V. , Sokolova K. V. , Danilova I. G. , Chereshneva M. V. , Chereshnev V. A.
Published: September 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by a mild inflammatory reaction in the pancreas, which affects the structure and function of the pancreatic islets: the number of β-cells decreases and the number of α-cells increases. The work examined the features of β-cell differentiation in the development of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus and while reducing the inflammatory process. Biochemical, histological methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical methods were used using primary antibodies to insulin, glucagon, proliferation marker Ki-67 and secondary antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes. Streptozotocin and nicotinamide were used to model type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione was used to reduce the inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that it changes the macrophage phenotype from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, against the background of a decrease in the number of macrophages with the CD163 marker and the concentration of the cytokine TGF-β1, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, in the pancreatic islets, a decrease in the number of β-cells and their functional activity was observed, while the content of α-cells synthesizing glucagon increased. After administration of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione, the opposite picture was observed in the pancreatic islets: against the background of an increase in the number of CD163+ macrophages and the content of TGF-β1, the number of β cells increased and the number of α cells decreased-cells. The increase in the number of insulin-synthesizing cells was not accompanied by their mitotic activity. It is likely that a decrease in the number of CD163+ macrophages and the level of the antiinflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 in the islets are factors contributing to changes in the cell microenvironment and, as a consequence, the differentiation of β-cells into α-cells. On the contrary, an increase in the number of CD163+ macrophages and TGF-β1 against the background of administration of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione presumably promotes reverse differentiation of α-cells into β-cells and restoration of insulin synthesis pancreas. Targeted effects on the microenvironment of cells in the pancreatic islet in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a new approach to treating the disease.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in a child with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Authors: Zhuravleva N. S. , Kutuzova V. I. , Almerzaeva M. R. , Mineeva N. Yu. , Maslov O. Yu.
Published: September 2024

We present a unique clinical case of an atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a child. The mutation in exon 6 of the CD46 gene (chr1:207940532G>C) leads to a homozygous or hemizygous missense substitution. An 8-year-old girl was urgently hospitalized with symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome and acute kidney injury. The child from the second pregnancy with an aggravated obstetric anamnesis, the first operative labor at the 38th week, who has an aggravated genealogical anamnesis. Initially, the disease developed in the guise of gastroenterological pathology: the girl had dyspeptic disorders, most likely associated with pathology of carbohydrate metabolism, also frequent infectious diseases and a lag in physical development. From the age of 4 years, the girl suffered from persistent hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia, requiring replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins. She was repeatedly examined in gastroenterological departments in Yekaterinburg and Moscow in 2021-2023, but no data concerning protein-losing enteropathies or primary immunodeficiency was obtained. Also, the whole-exome sequencing with result validation hasn’t confirmed an inherited etiology of the presumed congenital immune error. However, a CD46 gene mutation, associated with the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in some publications, was identified in the study. The signs of thrombotic microangiopathy were preceded by fever of unspecified etiology: microangiopathic hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, hyperazotemia, C3 consumption, proteinuria, and macrohematuria; hypercholesterolemia, protein metabolism disorder, increased transaminases, ferritin were also noted. According to the ultrasound of the kidneys there were diffuse changes in the parenchyma, decreased velocity indices of blood flow in both renal arteries at all levels. Differential diagnosis was carried out with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antinuclear form of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, viral and bacterial infections, systemic pathology, antiphospholipid syndrome, and hemoblastosis. The girl didn’t need a renal replacement therapy. When complement-blocking therapy with eculizumab was initiated on vital indications, the signs of the disease were gradually eliminated. The prolonged absence of nephropathy in the child may indicate the diversity of the CD46 gene’s functions and different phenotypic manifestation of its mutations. Analysis of literature sources and detection of CD46 “environment” genes (CYBA, LYST, ARPCIB) by full-exome sequencing suggest ambiguity and polymorphism of phenotypic manifestations of complement-mediated mutation.
Influence of pegylated graphene oxide nanoparticles on the respiratory burst and phagocytic activity of human neutrophils
Authors: Bochkova M. S. , Rakutina M. N. , Usanina D. I. , Timganova V. P. , Zamorina S. A.
Published: September 2024

Scientific and technological progress contributes to the discovery and production of innovative materials. The emergence of graphene is a clear example of this. Graphene is considered a promising material for use in nanobiomedicine and nanobiotechnology. It is therefore important to understand how it affects human immune cells. In a study, the effects of 5 and 25 μg/mL graphene oxide nanoparticles with lateral sizes of 100-200 nm and 1-5 μm, modified with linear and branched polyethylene glycol, on human neutrophils were investigated. The formation of reactive oxygen species was evaluated with a lucigenin as a chemiluminescence activator.Inaddition, we investigated theeffect of a 60-minute incubation of neutrophils with pegylated graphene oxide nanoparticles on the viability of these cells by staining with trypan blue and a 30-minute incubation on the uptake of fluorescein isocyanate-labelled E. coli. The percentage of neutrophils which engulfed E. coli and the uptake index were determined. Samples without added nanoparticles served as controls.

A decrease in lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence of neutrophils was observed under the influence of two types of graphene oxide nanoparticles: 1-5 μm in size coated with linear polyethylene glycol, and 100-200 nm in size coated with branched polyethylene glycol, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL in the zymosan-stimulated version of the assay. No dependence of the effect on the particle size and the type of polyethylene glycol was observed. The indicators for spontaneous chemiluminescence of neutrophils did not change with the addition of PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles.

A thirty-minute incubation of human neutrophils at 37 °C with PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles with lateral dimensions of 100-200 nm and 1-5 μm had no effect on the viability of these cells and on the percentage of neutrophils that engulfed E. coli. However, 1-5 μm graphene oxide modified with linear polyethylene glycol at a concentration of 25 μg/mL increased the amount of E. coli engulfed by neutrophils per cell.

Thus, in the absence of cytotoxicity, PEGylated graphene oxide particles have multidirectional immunomodulatory effects on neutrophils. In this case, their concentration is decisive and not the size of the graphene oxide particles and the type of polyethylene glycol.
Lymphocyte metabolism and the level of circulatory cytokines in children with autoimmune disease
Authors: Radygina T. V. , Kurbatova O. V. , Kuptsova D. G. , Petrichuk S. V. , Fisenko A. P. , Movsisyan G. B. , Abdullaeva L. M. , Potapov A. S. , Murashkin N. N. , Parakhina D. V.
Published: September 2024

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases (AID) among adults and children. The immunopathogenesis of AID is based on an imbalance between autoaggressive and regulatory cells (Tregs), which is regulated by metabolic signaling pathways and the cytokine microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms of immunometabolism opens up new possibilities for the treatment of patients with AID. The aim was to evaluate the activity of lymphocyte dehydrogenases associated with OXPHOS and glycolysis, depending on the level of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with AID.

324 children with AID were examined: 80 – Crohn’s disease (CD), 53 – ulcerative colitis (UC), 89 – psoriasis (PS), 66 – multiple sclerosis (MS), 36 – autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GFDH)) were evaluated by immunocytochemical method using flow cytometry. The level of cytokines (CС) in blood sera was determined by multiplex analysis.

In each studied group of children, CС with the highest values in exacerbation and remission of the disease were identified. The maximum values of CС were in patients with exacerbation: CD, UC, PS, MS – IL-23; AIH – IL-27. Evaluation of cytokine complexes associated with cells showed significant differences between patients in exacerbation/remission: CD, UC and PS – M1(IL-1+IL-6+TNFα), cTh1(IFNγ+IL-12p70+TNFβ+IL-2), cTh2 (IL-4+IL-5+IL-10+IL-13+IL-17E/IL-25+IL-33), cTh17 (IL-1β+IL-6+IL-17A+IL-17F+IL-21+IL-22+IL-23); MS – M1, cTh1, cTh2; AIH – cTh2. SDH activity in AID remission differed between pathologies in CD4+ cells, Th17 and Tregs. In exacerbation of AID, there were differences in Tregs between patients with UC and PS. The highest GPDH activity in exacerbation was observed in CD4+ lymphocytes, Th17 and Tregs in CD. The ratio of SDH/GPDH in T-lymphocytes in children with CD in exacerbation and remission was lowest and significantly lower than in UC, PS, MS, AIH and apparently healthy children. In the group of children with a low SDH/GPDH ratio, the levels of CCL20/MIP3α, IFNγ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNFα were significantly increased. Conclusions. Informative cytokine complexes were identified in children with AID. The relationship between the metabolic activity of lymphocytes and the level of circulating cytokines is shown.
Pan02 pancreatic tumor models carrying the GFP marker in mice
Authors: Akopov S. B. , Snezhkov E. V. , Konovalova M. V. , Kostromina M. A. , Esipov R. S. , Svirshchevskaya E. V.
Published: September 2024

Animal tumor models are used for preclinical studies of drugs and cancer therapy. The aim of this work was to analyze the growth of murine pancreatic tumor cells Pan02, carrying GFP marker, injected subcutaneously (s. c.), intraperitoneally (i. p.) or orthotopically into the pancreas (ortho) of C57BL/6 mice. Mice were injected with 2 × 105 cells: s. c. in the right flank; i. p. with a syringe into the abdominal cavity, or ortho surgically under the pancreas capsule. The weight of mice was determined in the dynamics of tumor growth, and blood serum was taken to analyze the antibody response to the GFP reference protein. At the 2nd and 4th weeks of tumor growth, some mice were slaughtered and the expression of GFP by the tumor cells, as well as the composition of the immune cells in the tumor, were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. It was shown that with the different localization, the pancreatic tumors grew at different rates and lethality. When the tumor was injected i. p., mice lost weight with rapid tumor growth. In the ortho model, the mice increased their weight. Mortality in the s. c. and i. p. groups was comparable. In the s. c. model, the tumor grew slowly to a volume of 200-400 mm3 and stopped growing. There was no mortality in this group during the follow-up period (2 months). The same antibody response to GFP was formed with all injection schemes. The subpopulation composition of immune cells varied greatly in the different models of tumor cell administration. Regardless of the type of immune response, Pan02-GFP cells rapidly suppressed GFP gene expression in vivo. The data obtained showed that murine pancreatic tumor Pan02 is immunogenic and causes the formation of an adaptive immune response. Regardless of the presence or absence of an immune response and elimination of GFP+ cells, the tumor continued to grow in the i. p. and ortho models, but not in the s. c. one, and caused the death of mice. When conducting preclinical studies, it is necessary to use several ways of tumor cell injection to obtain a more objective result.
LITERATURA DE CORDEL NAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS: ESPAÇO DE PRODUÇÃO E ENCONTROS
Authors: De Sousa Melo Elisete , Cardoso Machado Monica
Published: September 2024

O campo digital pode ser visto de modo polissêmico, com dinâmicas de controle e vigilância, mas também como espaço criativo para emergência de novas sociabilidades. O presente trabalho enfatiza a segunda dimensão, investigando as contribuições das culturas digitais para o fortalecimento do campo social da Literatura de Cordel (LC) em suas articulações em redes, e na difusão e visibilidade dos seus atores sociais. A Literatura de Cordel  uma forma de poesia popular tradicional do Nordeste do Brasil, tem exibida uma nova vida nas mídias sociais. Muitos cordelistas divulgam seus projetos no Instagram, Facebook e YouTube para compartilhar seus legados e alcançar maior número de pessoas possível. Nessas mídias sociais circulam versos tradicionais de cordel, mas também adaptações para o ambiente digital, como vídeos de cordelistas recitando poemas, e até mesmo interações em tempo real com os seguidores. Isso tem contribuído para a preservação da tradição, da memória e identidade da LC e para a sua divulgação. O artigo investe na abordagem qualitativa da etnografia com observação participante para analisar os fluxos de interações de alguns cordelistas nas mídias sociais. Como resultado parcial, observa-se que as mídias sociais oferecem plataformas potentes para a divulgação e promoção de obras de Literatura de Cordel; bem como ambiente para encontros dos poetas e cordelistas em geral.
Sustainable utilization of road assets concerning obscured traffic signs recognition
Authors: Yan Hai , Pan Shuo , Zhang Shiwen , Wu Fan , Hao Mingyang
Published: September 2024

Traffic sign recognition is crucial for sustainable utilization of road assets. However, on real roads, traffic signs are often obscured, making their recognition challenging. Unfortunately, existing research lacks specific analysis of the impact of traffic sign occlusion and methods to improve recognition in such scenarios. This study quantitatively investigates the relationship between the degree of traffic sign occlusion and recognition accuracy. Moreover, a dedicated deep learning model is proposed, utilizing a multi-scale convolutional stacked input layer, to enhance the recognition of obscured traffic signs. Using the Chinese Traffic Sign Recognition Database, this study analyzes the recognition performance of four traffic sign categories: indication signs, prohibition signs, speed limit signs, and warning signs, under different occlusion levels. Three widely used deep learning methods, Visual Geometry Group, Residual Network, and Dense Convolutional Network, are compared with the dedicated model. Experimental results demonstrate a significant decrease in recognition accuracy when traffic signs are obscured. Importantly, the proposed dedicated model outperforms the other methods, achieving accuracies of 80.95%, 90.50%, and 97.22% in the scenarios of 50% occlusion, 25% occlusion, and no occlusion, respectively. This study holds implications for sustainable utilization of road assets.
Instability of iron ore tailings–geotextile interface: a direct simple shear study
Authors: LASHKARI ALI , KHADEMIAN SAEED , FEILINEJAD AHMAD , SHOURIJEH PILTAN TABATABAIE , AFZALI-NEJAD ALIYEH
Published: September 2024

To investigate the potential for flow instability in the interfaces between iron ore tailings and woven geotextile (GTX), direct simple shear (DSS) tests covering a wide domain of initial states, volume change boundary conditions and static pre-shear stresses were carried out. Accordingly, constant normal load (CNL), constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant volume (CV) tests on the loose, medium and dense tailings prepared using the moist tamping method in contact with GTX under two initial vertical stresses were conducted. CV tests on statically pre-sheared loose and medium tailings–GTX interfaces further highlighted the impact of initial shear stress on flow instability. The testing programme included complementary drained tests in which a gradual unloading of effective vertical stress under fixed shear stress led to instability of the loose tailings–GTX interfaces. The results of this study suggest that flow instability in loose and medium tailings–GTX interfaces was triggered under the CV, CNS and constant shear drained tests at low mobilised friction angles not greater than 48–60% of the tailings critical state friction angle. Consequently, neglecting the possibility of the flow instability in the interfaces may cause an overestimation of stability of geosynthetic reinforced earth structures under certain conditions.
Validity and Reliability Study of the Questionnaire on Communicating Bad News for Healthcare Professionals Adapted into Turkish
Authors: Karataş Baran Gonca , Kose Caner , Ustun Yaprak
Published: September 2024

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to make a validity and reliability study by adapting the questionnaire on communicating bad news to be used to evaluate the knowledge and skills of nurses and midwives in breaking bad news.

Methods: The questionnaire adaptation study was carried out in a gynecology and obstetrics hospital between 15/05/2022 and 15/012/2022. The questionnaire was translated into Turkish and then expert opinion was obtained. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. The stability of the questionnaire over time was evaluated by test-retest. For the purpose of construct validity of the questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used. SPSS 17.00 and AMOS programs were used for the validity and reliability analyzes of the questionnaire.

Results: The Cronbach Alpha value of the 21-items final version of the questionnaire (n=262) was 0.87. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient value was 0.95 (n=21) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.97 (P<.001). Five components were obtained, which explained 53.631% of the variance of the questionnaire. Total score obtained from the questionnaire was 55.10 ±5.53 (min=35, max=63).

Conclusion: As a result of the evaluation of multiple the fit indices, it showed that the Communicating Bad News Questionnaire was statistically significant, valid and reliable for nurses and midwives.
Evaluation of The Relationship Between Communication Skills and Psychosocial Care Skills of Nurses
Authors: Demir Hatice , Dinç Sevgi
Published: September 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between nurses' communication skills and psychosocial care skills.

Methods: The study was a descriptive and cross-sectional quantitative research that was conducted with nurses working in a training and research hospital between January and May 2022. Population of the study consisted of 255 nurses working in the related hospital. The study was completed with a total of 180 nurses who were voluntary to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria, without using sample selection. A Participant Information Form, the Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale (PCCSAS), and the Communication Skills Inventory (CSI) were used to collect data.

Results: It was found that the nurses' communication skills inventory total mean score was 169.65±13.72. There was no significant correlation between the total score of communication skills inventory and the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of the nurses (P>.05). The nurses' PCCSAS total mean score was 64.28±13.13. The PCCSAS total score differed significantly only according to the unit worked and the number of patients per nurse (P=.008; P=.040). There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between CSI total score and PCCSAS total score (r=0.242; P<.01).

Conclusion: It is thought that training should be organised at regular intervals for nurses to improve their knowledge and skills about communication and psychosocial care, and the efficiency of the training should be evaluated periodically for patient and nurse groups.
Identifying Nursing Students' Views of Studying Mental Health and Diseases Nursing Course via Distance Education during the Pandemic
Authors: Demir Satı , Karakaş İnce Didar , Ercan Feride , Altun Elif , Işık Merve , Seyhan Şahin Semra
Published: September 2024

Objective: This research was conducted to determine students' opinions about taking the mental health and disease nursing course through distance education.

Methods: The research, designed as a descriptive quantitative study, and conducted with students (n=243) taking the Mental Health and Disease Nursing course at the Nursing Department of a state university in Ankara. "Participant Information Form", " Assessment Form for Mental Health and Diseases Nursing Course Distance Education," created by the researchers, and the "Opinions About Distance Education Scale" were used to collect the data. In data analysis, content analysis was performed for open-ended questions, and the data were presented under themes, sub-themes, and categories. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum values were given for the scale scores.

Results: The views of students on distance education were conceptualized under four themes: "Views on distance education", "Effectiveness of teaching methods used", ''Effectiveness of methods used in the practice skill courses, ''Preparedness for provide nursing care to patients followed up with a psychiatric diagnosis.' The total mean score of the participants for the opinions about the distance education scale was determined as 2.91±0.48.

Conclusion: The students evaluated the education provided through distance education as moderately sufficient. The teaching methods used in the mental health and diseases nursing course taken through distance education and ensuring permanence through repeated access to courses were stated as positive aspects in theoretical terms, significant deficiencies were expressed in terms of contacting patients in the clinical environment and gaining professional roles.
Lexicographic principles of creation and use of electronic phraseological card files
Authors:   Belgorod National State University, Alefirenko Nikolay F. , Golikova Mariya M. ,   Belgorod National State University
Published: September 2024

The article considers the problem of creating an electronic phraseological card file that allows one to save and process a large amount of information, is easy to manage and access for untrained users. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the automation of research processes will make it possible not only to simplify the work of a researcher, but also to quickly analyze large amounts of information. To do this, it is necessary to create an automated card file. The experience of working on the phraseological card file shows the effectiveness of its formation using the 1C: Enterprise platform. The article aims to present the principles of the development of an electronic system for storing and processing data extracted from literary texts and its implementation in the practical activity of a researcher-philologist. The work with the card file was carried out on the material of the works of Russian emigrant writers of the first, second, third and fourth, distinguished by individual researchers, waves. Such linguistic material has not been sufficiently studied, and its individual elements (for example, the phraseology of second-wave emigrants or the linguistic and cultural features of the phraseological image) are completely a lacuna in modern language science. The card file was formed by a continuous sampling method based on works of art of large, medium and small genres. The method of computer modeling was used to prepare the architecture of the card file, and linguistic statistics techniques were used to process the entered data. The article shows the ways to create an automated card file based on the 1C: Enterprise platform. Such work is complicated by the fact that this software is not originally intended for research activities, its resources make it possible to organize a system of interrelated elements that ensure the preservation of all fragments of the linguistic card and, most importantly, their subsequent operational statistical processing. This approach determines the scientific novelty of the work because it significantly expands the range of electronic tools applicable for linguistic research in general and lexicographic research in particular. The created card file is focused on the study of the figurative component of the phrasemics of writers of the Russian diaspora; however, the proposed approach makes it possible to apply this experience to other studies of not only phraseological, but also other linguistic units. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Inhibition of the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 downregulates MAP2K1, suppressing the progression of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Li Hui , Xu Aoxuan , Peng Jie , Wu Yanqing , Liu Yunfan , Zhang Junjie , Cai Changqi , Ma Shiyin , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to explore the role of long non-coding RNAs metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (lncRNA MALAT1), and its underlying mechanisms in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure lncRNA MALAT1 expression in HSCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, along with the expression of the downstream target mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1). The independent prognostic significance of lncRNA MALAT1 was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Potential downstream targets of MALAT1 were identified through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis and validated using the TCGA-HNSC database, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were conducted to assess the effects of the lncRNA MALAT1/MAP2K1 axis on FaDu cells. Additionally, a nude mouse xenograft model was used to confirm the role of lncRNA MALAT1/MAP2K1 in tumor growth. LncRNA MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in HSCC tissues and closely associated with poor prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis, including PRM screening and TCGA-HNSC data, identified FERMT2, CSNK2A2, and MAP2K1 as potential downstream targets of MALAT1. Validation through qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry confirmed MAP2K1 as a downstream target. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibiting lncRNA MALAT1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating MAP2K1 expression. Additionally, it induced apoptosis, affected the cell cycle, and inhibited tumor growth. Our study uniquely demonstrates that targeting MALAT1 significantly impedes HSCC progression by downregulating its novel downstream target, MAP2K1, offering new insights into potential therapeutic strategies.
Navigating the Marine Strategy Framework Directive D11: Updates on Threshold Values and Future Perspectives
Authors: Amalia Jurado-Mc Allister
Published: September 2024

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), enacted by the European Union in 2008, seeks to achieve a Good Environmental Status for European seas through 11 qualitative descriptors. This paper specifically examines Descriptor 11 (D11), which focuses on the impact of anthropogenic noise on marine ecosystems. Despite significant advancements and extensive work done by expert groups and researchers to establish methodologies for assessing this issue, critical gaps remain, such as the effects of anthropogenic noise on many marine species, including cetaceans. As the second MSFD cycle concludes, this paper emphasizes the need for further research on other forms of energy, such as electromagnetic fields, and advocates for standardized approaches, including a unified Level of Onset of Adverse Biological Effects (LOBE) for species and habitat.
Insights into the Development Trends of Industrial Large Language Models
Authors: Yutong Lai , Junqi Bai , Yuxuan You , Dejun Ning
Published: September 2024

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) with massive parameters and complex structures have achieved significant breakthroughs in fields such as natural language processing and image generation, driving their widespread application in industrial sectors. Despite the enormous potential of industrial AI models in areas like design and development, monitoring and management, quality control, and maintenance, their actual construction and deployment still face a lot of challenges, including inherent model deficiencies and difficulties in aligning with industrial requirements. Future technological development trends include the generation of customized industrial datasets, the collaborative optimization of large and small models, the enhancement of adaptive capabilities, and the application of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technology. These trends are expected to improve the effectiveness and scalability of AI models, better meeting the needs of the industrial domain. This paper systematically discusses the challenges, technological development trends, and practical applications and deployment of industrial AI models, providing valuable insights for future directions.
Nuclei isolation from human brain cortex v1
Authors: Adiconis Xian , Z Levin Joshua
Published: September 2024

This protocol can be used on flash-frozen or RNAlater-preserved brain cortex. It is based on a previously published method (1) with a few modifications including, 1) Adding Recombinant RNase Inhibitor into the EZ prep lysis buffer in the incubation steps. 2) Passing the lysate through a 40µm cell strainer after the tissue grinding. 3) Doing an additional wash. 4) Passing the nuclei suspension through a 20 µm filter before the final counting.
Ceres Nanoparticles Concentration and Extraction using MagMAX Wastewater kit v1
Authors: Fitz Shannon , Shaw Alex , Abraham Dilip , Owusu michael
Published: September 2024

Ceres Nanotrap Microbiome A Particles are used to capture and concentrate important pathogens from samples. https://www.ceresnano.com/protocols Protocol APP-082 was used to concentrate and extract target pathogens, scaled up from 10 mL to 35 mL samples using Ceres Microbiome A particles and the MagMAX Wastewater Ultra Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit. Following discussions with Ceres scientists, Enhancement Reagent 3 is recommended as opposed to Enhancement Reagent 1.
Double digestion RADseq library v1
Authors: Macaya-Sanz David
Published: September 2024

A protocol to create libraries for Illumina to genotype through double digestion sequencing. The goal is to create a protocol that reduces costs and dedicated time at the expense of a slight reduction of quality, meaning that some of your samples may not meet depth minimum, but the specificity is of the tags is remarkable. Thus, you will probably have a low percentage of samples (in our case less than 10%) needed to be re-processed. The amount of library product should be more than enough to be run in an Illumina sequencer. This version of the protocol includes two clean-ups and no Inline tags in the adapters, making it more expensive and laborious than other versions.