bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTENT VALIDITY FOR THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT REGARDING TEACHING METHODS OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS
Authors: Suryadi Taufik , Alfiya Fadilah , Yusuf Muhammad , Indah Rosaria , Hidayat Taufik , Kulsum Kulsum
Published: December 2023

Background: Bioethics teaching especially related to the basic principles of bioethics can be done by several methods. Currently in the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala applying conventional lecture methods, so that other methods are needed to make teaching more interesting. To get the teaching method that students want, a research is carried out through filling out questionnaires. In order for the research questionnaire to be valid, it is necessary to validate the instrument through the content validity of the questionnaire.Methods: The content validity of the questionnaire is carried out by determining the score of each statement item and calculating the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale Content Validity Index-Average (S-CVI/Ave), Scale Content Validity Index-Universal agreement (S-CVI/UA), Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Content Validity Index (CVI) and Cohen Kappa Index (CKI) was conducted by 10 assessors from 10 different institutions.Result: The results of the validation of the contents of the questionnaire from the 29 statement items tested obtained that 96% the CVR was ≥ 0.800, 96% I-CVI was ≥ 0.900, CVI was 0.903, S-CVI/UA was 0.551, S-CVI/Ave was 0.952 (recommendation 0.90), average proportion of items judges as relevances across the ten experts 0.949 and CKI was 95,17%.Conclusions: The content validity of this research instrument is very high seen from the CVR, I-CVI, the average value of agreement between assessors (S-CVI/Ave), and the average value of the proportion of statement item relevance (S-CVI/UA) so that it can be developed in various similar studies that discuss the teaching methods of basic principles of bioethics.
PROFILE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS' METACOGNITIVE SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGIES IN PBL GROUP DISCUSSION DURING THE LIMITED FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING PERIOD
Authors: Widiartini Catharina , Ferine Miko
Published: December 2023

Background: The change in the learning environment, from fully online to limited face-to-face could affect the use of metacognitive self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies in carrying out Problem-Based Learning (PBL) group discussions as one of the main learning methods in the faculty of medicine in Indonesia or elsewhere. The study aimed to describe the profile of metacognitive SRL strategies in conducting PBL group discussions during the limited face-to-face learning period.Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative observational study conducted at The Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman during the implementation of limited face-to-face learning in the even semester of 2021/2022. Undergraduate students selected by total sampling were asked to fill in a questionnaire that was adapted from the MSLQ. The frequency of a learning strategy application for each of the 22 examples of metacognitive SRL strategies differed into: never; rarely; frequently; or always.Results: The response rate was 57.93% (199 students). Most (70.4%) of the respondents were women and had an average of 19.6 years old. Learning strategies with the largest proportion of "always" and "frequently" applied (44.58% - 65.38%) were related to identifying reading/learning needs; learning from peer feedback; and keeping focus. Learning strategies with the largest proportion of "rarely" and "never" (30.12% - 53.13%) were related to monitoring and evaluating achievement and applying reflective learning.Conclusion: The profile of the implementation of learning strategies during the limited face-to-face learning period has been identified. Efforts need to be made to improve students' abilities in implementing learning strategies that are rarely and never used.
ACADEMIC AND ADAPTATION DIFFICULTIES OF MEDICAL STUDENTS WITH LOW ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS
Authors: Fairus Fadhila Nuralifa , Titaley Christiana R. , Manuputty Amanda Gracia , Malakauseya Maxwell Landri Vers , Taihuttu Yuniasih M. J. , Bension Johan B.
Published: December 2023

Background: Academic difficulties and lack of adaptation ability of students to their educational environment are often encountered in the early period of their education, including for those enrolled in medical faculties. The academic difficulties encountered could be reflected in the low academic achievement of students. This study aimed to explore the academic difficulties and adaptation processes of students with low academic achievement (GPA <2.50) in the first two years at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura (UNPATTI), Ambon.Methods: This study used a qualitative method involving 23 informants from the first and second year at the Faculty of Medicine UNPATTI who had low academic achievement (GPA <2.50). Data were collected from March to April 2022 using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) techniques. Data analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method based on the research objectives.Results: This study shows that the academic difficulties of first-two-year students with low academic achievement are influenced by several factors, including the transition from school to university, tight scheduling, difficulty in understanding lecture material, and the online lecture system due to the COVID-19 pandemic occurred since 2020. These difficulties were also exacerbated by student attitudes, family influence, and the socio-economic environment.Conclusion: It is necessary to identify students who experience academic difficulties as early as possible. This will help educational institutions assist them, including by strengthening the role of academic supervisors and peer mentors for students in need.
COMPARISON OF THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION SKILLS LEARNING PROCESS BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC BASED ON EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING THEORY: A MIXED-METHOD STUDY
Authors: Sastri Ni Luh Putu Pranena , Hidayah Rachmadya Nur , Widyandana Widyandana
Published: December 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has changed learning physical examination skills. Online learning physical examination skills are challenging because it needs standard practice facilities, and students need opportunities to practice. Physical examination skills are essential in clinical medical practice, but research before pandemic demonstrated students’ lack of skills acquisition. Evaluation is needed to determine the differences in the learning process before and during pandemic. This study aims to compare the learning physical examination skills process before and during COVID-19 pandemic and find recommendations for the future.Methods: This research was a mixed-method study with a convergent design. The samples are students and lecturers in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. Quantitative data was obtained from a developed questionnaire about students’ perception of the physical examination skills learning process, then analyzed descriptively and using the ANOVA test. Qualitative data was obtained by interview, then analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: There are significant differences in the learning process of face-to-face, online, and blended physical examination skills (p<0.05) but no difference between face-to-face and blended. Interview results have seven themes, four themes about difference in the learning process based on Kolb Experiential Learning Theory, other themes about preparation before learning, factors in the learning process, and recommendations.Conclusion: Differences in the physical examination skills learning process are in the skills demonstration, practice opportunities, feedback, and interactions. If learning physical examination skills is carried out face-to-face, online, or blended in the future, it will have different needs to be considered in the design and implementation.
THE ROLES OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING ECO-ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
Authors: Susani Yoga Pamungkas , Hartanti Wika , Kristina Susi Ari
Published: December 2023

Background: Climate change has become a global problem that has a wide impact on human life. It is a moral responsibility for humans to participate in protecting the earth and slowing the destruction of the earth. The role of medical and health profession education is important in producing health workers who are aware of the importance of protecting the environment and have leadership characteristics that are able to drive system change towards environmental improvement. This article is a recommendation from the I AM HPExplore Webinar Series 2022, Webinar #4. This article aims to provide literacy on the importance of eco-ethical leadership in medical and health education and how its development is included in the curriculum.Recommendation: Eco-ethical leadership is needed in the process of health professional education, especially in the process of forming future health workers who have these characteristics, so that they are able to bring health services that are more friendly to planetary health. The process of character building can be carried out at the individual, organizational, and system levels. In educational institutions, this step can be initiated by including it in the formal curriculum by inserting material into the existing curriculum, or by establishing a special learning program. Cultivating behaviors that support planetary health in the hidden curriculum can support character building. Conclusion: Planetary health is a global issue. For keeping the planet healthy, it requires mutual effort from the individual to the system level, multiprofessional and interdisciplinary collaboration, including from the field of education as a form of our moral responsibility. The formation of eco-ethical leadership needs immediate attention in the education of health workers.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF A MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE FOR PARASITOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Utomo Prattama Santoso , Kusumasari Rizqiani Amalia , Murhandarwati Elsa Herdiana , Widyandana Doni
Published: December 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on medical education globally. The learning process has been shifted to online learning to ensure health and safety measures. Online learning approaches and applications are also established rapidly, including the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), which can support learning in many topics and facilitate a large number of students effectively and efficiently. Department of Parasitology and Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada developed the Central Nervous System (CNS) Parasitic Infection module as an online learning for both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.Aims: The study aimed to evaluate and explore students’ perception of the CNS Parasitic Infection online module development in an MOOC format.Methods: This is an evaluation study using an explorative qualitative approach. The pilot implementation of the CNS Parasitic Infection module was evaluated using in-depth interviews with ten (10) students of the Master in Tropical Medicine and the Master in Biomedical Science programs. The participants were requested to share their learning experience on the module, and their suggestions for module improvement. The interviews were conducted online using Zoom. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Implementing the CNS Parasitic Infection module using MOOC asynchronous approach received both positive and negative responses from participants. A total of 6 themes were identified from participants, for instance, learning outcomes achievement, interactive e-case design, learning flexibility, course timing, network issues, and the need for learning directions.Conclusion: CNS Parasitic Infection can be delivered to students using an asynchronous MOOC format. Students’ outcomes achievement was sufficient using this method, and overall, students appreciated the implementation of the program.
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOMEDICAL MATRICULATION FACULTY OF MEDICINE (A QUALITATIVE STUDY)
Authors: Lepertery Johan Weinand , Taihuttu Yuniasih M.J. , Titaley Christiana R.
Published: December 2023

Background: Changes in learning methods from teacher-centered to student-centered, in addition to the different subjects taught compared to the high school, could be challenging for new medical students. Biomedical matriculation is carried out for new students to equalize perceptions and knowledge before the first semester starts. This study explored student perceptions about the effectiveness of biomedical matriculation activities at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura, Ambon.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with 20 students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura who were in their first year of the 2022/2023 academic year. Data were collected using in-depth interviews.Results: The results showed that many students at the beginning of the intake needed to be made aware of biomedical matriculation. Consequently, this adversely impacts the informants' readiness to participate in the program. Students admitted that they began to adapt as the learning activities progressed in matriculation. The informants also agreed that biomedical matriculation was effective in helping them during their first year. It provided new knowledge regarding the subjects studied and helped them adapt to the learning methods of the faculty and in their preparation for class later.Conclusion: Most informants mentioned that the supporting components in biomedical matriculation, such as the material taught, lecturers as well as infrastructure also supported them in their adaption to the new academic life at the faculty.
A NEED ASSESSMENT OF ETHICS COURSE FOR PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN: PHYSICIANS' PERSPECTIVE IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurrokhmanti, Hikmawati , Heru Adi , Joseph Hari Kusnanto
Published: December 2023

Background: Primary care physicians, as first-line doctors, deal with ethical cases that challenge them to make the best patient decisions. Helping primary care physicians to be more aware of ethical cases and the process of case decision-making will improve all stakeholder's needs. Physician standard opinion on the best decision for their patient will be the baseline of suited training for them.Methods: We conducted a mixed-method study to understand GP decisions regarding certain ethical cases. In the quantitative phase, we used and presented several standardized ethical cases with several "decisive" options followed by reason. For qualitative, in-depth guided interview was done with several physicians. The data was analyzed by close system coding. Results: We gained 36 responses from several physicians with 12 in-depth interviews. In the quantitative, we found that two questions related to communicating the mistake and the rural problem had the worst response, showed by highly unfavourable answers. The interview found that most physicians find it hard to decide on ethical cases, acknowledge religion as one aspect for making the decision, and expect a clear guideline that will help them make a firm decision regarding "difficult" dilemma cases. Conclusion: To avoid bad decision-making in ethical-related cases, the physician must take another training since low awareness of ethical cases will lead to unfavourable decisions regarding some dilemmas. Considering the methods and number of subjects in this research, the training should apply a specific strategy to all physicians.
Spatial Agglomeration, Industrial Land Price and Enterprise Innovation: Evidence from Micro-data of Land Transactions in Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Lei Zichen
Published: December 2023

It has become a consensus in academic circles that enterprise spatial agglomeration promotes technological innovation through comparative advantage of factor cost and knowledge spillover effect. With the increase of agglomeration degree, the advantage of low cost is gradually lost, and even under the constraint of financing, it will inhibit the innovation and development of enterprises. By constructing a new micro-level spatial agglomeration index, this paper investigates the dynamic impact of corporate spatial agglomeration on corporate innovation from the perspective of agglomeration cost. On the basis of using the longitude and latitude of industrial enterprises to construct a new index of agglomeration, this paper further carries out a comprehensive matching on the land market transaction data, patent application data and industrial enterprise data, obtains the micro-data at the enterprise level from 2007 to 2014, and constructs a non-linear intermediary effect model with industrial land price as the breakthrough point. The empirical results show that corporate spatial agglomeration has an “inverted U” effect on corporate innovation. The reason is that agglomeration costs such as increased competition caused by excessive spatial agglomeration and the rise in industrial land prices tighten corporate capital constraints, affect corporate resource allocation, and cause enterprises to reduce research and development investment. Research on heterogeneity shows that industrial enterprises have obvious preference characteristics for the direction of innovation investment in different stages of spatial agglomeration. According to this, the local government should scientifically control the agglomeration layout, on the one hand, give full play to the knowledge spillover effect of agglomeration, and on the other hand, mitigate the adverse impact of the rapid increase in land prices on innovation.
Complementary Ecologies of Being: Quakerism and Buddhism as Exemplars of a Planetist Analogical Imagination
Authors: Bonner Emily R. D. , Schmidgall Darci K. , Burns Thomas J.
Published: December 2023

In the face of burgeoning environmental crises in the Anthropocene Age, this paper explores ecological perspectives within Buddhism and Quakerism. These two religious traditions reflect a planetist ethic by emphasizing environmental stewardship in both their canonical writings and their religious structures and practices. Conceptually, this paper contrasts these traditions to the “economism” ethic developed by John Cobb. Through tenets that include simplicity, reverence for nature, and honoring the interconnectedness of life, Buddhism and Quakerism promote environmentally conscious behavior. Across these religious traditions, that compassion and healing can be a path forward in the face of ego-based environmental consumption. In exploring these two religious traditions that have more developed ecological threads, this paper considers sustainable environmental ethics in the Anthropocene Age.
AI Based Computer Assistant using Python
Authors: Roy Indrajit
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Our proposed system AVATAR (AI Virtual Assistant Technology for Automatic Response) is an innovative voice assistant system, combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Python for human-like interactions. It seamlessly executes a range of functions, from dispatching emails to conducting searches on Wikipedia. The system's design incorporates essential Python packages and ultrasonic sensors for object detection and face recognition. Python's extensive libraries and clean syntax make it the optimal language for this project. AVATAR's security measures include biometric authentication and password protection. While internet connectivity is crucial for optimal performance, the system reliably operates within its designated input range. This research represents a significant leap in AI-driven applications, enhancing efficiency and user experience. Additionally, individuals who are blind or have amputations can utilize AVATAR, as the system is entirely voice-controlled.
Designing a Simulation Model in MATLAB Simulink to Analyze the Performance of 4000-Watt Synchronous Three-Phase Induction Motor under Varying Load Conditions
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Gupta Dr. Nikita
Published: December 2023

Abstract: The study aims to investigate the motor’s response to diverse loads, including light, moderate, and heavy conditions. Through simulink, the model incorporates parameters such as torque, speed, and power to assess the motor’s efficiency and stability across varying loads. The simulation results offer invaluable insights into the motors behavior under different operating conditions, adding in the optimization of its performance for real-world applications. Simulink provides a graphical environment for modeling dynamic system, allowing to you simulate the behavior of three –phase induction motor under various conditions. This helps in understanding the system response before actual implementation. The visual diagram representation in simulink makes it easier to design, analyze the debug complex control systems for induction motor. It enchases the clarity of the system structure.
A Study on Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Indigenous Tribes of East Godavari Forest Area
Authors: Kumari Smt. B.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: In the present research, we investigated ethno medical information from the Indigenous people of Rampachodavaram Mandal, East-Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. We interviewed the tribal people at their residences. As part of the oral interviews, specific questions were asked and the information provided by the informants was noted. For their health, the local tribes were familiar with most of the common diseases like pain, cuts, fever, headaches, wounds, headaches, and sprains. Additional field trips were conducted in different seasons in the same area to gather information and also to confirm the data already collected. A total of 140 ethno medicinal plant species were collected from 125 genera of 62 families used to treat 52 diseases.
Margin Maximization of Text Classification based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: G Kavyasri.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This project focuses on developing a margin maximization model for topic categorization using Support Vector Machines (SVM). Topic categorization aims to classify text documents into predefined topic categories. The proposed model leverages SVM's ability to create a hyperplane with maximum margin between different topics, enhancing the classification performance. The project begins with dataset preparation, where a labeled dataset covering a wide range of topics is gathered. The text data undergoes preprocessing, including cleaning, normalization, and conversion into numerical representations. Feature extraction techniques such as TF-IDF or word embeddings are employed to capture important features related to topics. The dataset is split into training and testing sets, with the training set used to train the SVM model. The SVM model is trained with a focus on maximizing the margin, utilizing techniques like soft-margin SVM or the kernel trick to handle non-linear separable data. Hyperparameters of the SVM model are tuned to optimize its performance. The trained SVM model is then used to predict the topics of the testing data, and its performance is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The findings of this project demonstrate the effectiveness of the margin maximization model for topic categorization using SVM
Face Recognition using SVM with the Help of Kernel Characteristics Function
Authors: Varshini A. Sri
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This project focuses on building a face recognition system using the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset.The dataset includes diverse facial images of individuals across various age groups, such as kids, women, men, and the elderly. The model employs a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel for effective classification. Preprocessing techniques like normalization, grayscale conversion, and face alignment enhance the dataset's quality. The system's performance is assessed using accuracy, precision, recall metrics, and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The project aims to create a reliable and versatile face recognition solution applicable in security, authentication, and surveillance scenarios
Intelligent System to Analyse Plant Diseases Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gogulamatham Krishna Sameer
Published: December 2023

Abstract: Agriculture is the main backbone occupation for Indians. It is critical to diagnose plant illnesses early in order to avoid crop loss and disease spread. The disease is apparent on the leaves of most plants, including apple, tomato, cherry, and grapes. These observable patterns can be recognized in order to accurately forecast the disease and implement preventative measures early on. To overcome this, it's better to use two techniques one is machine learning and another one is deep learning. So, this paper proposes a system for identifying plant disease (tomato, corn, paddy, and cotton) from their leaf photos. The method is carried out using the machine learning technique that is Support Vector Machine and the deep learning technique called Convolutional Neural Network. After the algorithms have been trained on the dataset, the accuracy of the algorithms is compared, the photos are categorised, and preventions for unhealthy plants are proposed
Projeto de nação o Brasil em 2035
Authors: Ramos Shiota Ricardo
Published: December 2023

Projeto de Nação: o Brasil em 2035 é um documento de 96 páginas, publicado em 2022 pelo Instituto Sagres, de autoria coletiva, que versa sobre 37 temas considerados estratégicos para o país. Cada tema é apresentado com base na “incerteza crítica”, no “minicenário foco”, nos “objetivos”, nas “diretrizes” e nos “óbices”. Ele sistematiza e exprime o pensamento político de setores das Forças Armadas, da alta classe média, da burocracia e do mercado que apoiaram o governo Bolsonaro. Nesse estudo é indagado quais seriam os seus efeitos, caso implementado, discutindo as suas consequências para os direitos sociais, para o meio ambiente e para as populações subalternas. O projeto é abordado do ponto de vista da etnografia dos documentos burocráticos e da crítica histórica. Sustentamos que a classe média, situada na burocracia do Estado e do mercado, autora desse plano de futuro, elabora uma ideologia que aglutina neofascismo e neoliberalismo com vistas a constituir, perseguir inimigos, aprofundar a novíssima dependência e a pilhagem da economia brasileira pelo “grande capital” internacional
Digital Discovery of 100 diverse Quantum Experiments with PyTheus
Authors: Ruiz-Gonzalez Carlos , Arlt Sören , Petermann Jan , Sayyad Sharareh , Jaouni Tareq , Karimi Ebrahim , Tischler Nora , Gu Xuemei , Krenn Mario
Published: December 2023

Photons are the physical system of choice for performing experimental tests of the foundations of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, photonic quantum technology is a main player in the second quantum revolution, promising the development of better sensors, secure communications, and quantum-enhanced computation. These endeavors require generating specific quantum states or efficiently performing quantum tasks. The design of the corresponding optical experiments was historically powered by human creativity but is recently being automated with advanced computer algorithms and artificial intelligence. While several computer-designed experiments have been experimentally realized, this approach has not yet been widely adopted by the broader photonic quantum optics community. The main roadblocks consist of most systems being closed-source, inefficient, or targeted to very specific use-cases that are difficult to generalize. Here, we overcome these problems with a highly-efficient, open-source digital discovery framework PyTheus, which can employ a wide range of experimental devices from modern quantum labs to solve various tasks. This includes the discovery of highly entangled quantum states, quantum measurement schemes, quantum communication protocols, multi-particle quantum gates, as well as the optimization of continuous and discrete properties of quantum experiments or quantum states. PyTheus produces interpretable designs for complex experimental problems which human researchers can often readily conceptualize. PyTheus is an example of a powerful framework that can lead to scientific discoveries – one of the core goals of artificial intelligence in science. We hope it will help accelerate the development of quantum optics and provide new ideas in quantum hardware and technology.
Mediju darbība un žurnālistikas principi kara apstākļos
Authors: Elksne Iveta , Kļave Evija
Published: December 2023

Kara apstākļos mainās ne tikai mediju organizatoriskā darbība, bet arī satura veidošanas principi un profesionālie žurnālistikas standarti.
Izņēmuma elastība: kādas atkāpes no Latvijas līdzšinējās patvēruma meklētāju uzņemšanas prakses pieļāva Ukrainas bēgļu atbalsta tiesiskais regulējums
Authors: Žabko Oksana
Published: December 2023

Ukrainas iedzīvotāju atbalstam tika ieviesti atviegloti un plašāki nosacījumi, salīdzinot ar vispārējo patvēruma meklētāju atbalsta procedūru.
Lielajiem kapiem Rīgā – 250
Authors: Millers Juris
Published: December 2023

Lielo kapu vēstures pētījumi nav uzskatāmi par pabeigtiem. Monogrāfija “Lielie kapi Rīgā” (2023) ir tikai sākums jaunu pētījumu veikšanai.
Sirds un asinsrites slimību mirstības riska prognoze nākamajam gadam no anonimizētiem Latvijas veselības aprūpes sistēmas datiem: XGBoost mašīnmācīšanās algoritma iespējamības pārbaude
Authors: Sprūdžs Uģis
Published: December 2023

Veselības politikas plānotājiem XGBoost algoritms varētu noderēt slimnīcu un citu veselības aprūpes iestāžu kapacitātes plānošanā un slodzes līdzsvarošanā.
Transformaciones geométricas vs Inducción de ruido: Comparación de técnicas de aumentado de datos para análisis de imágenes dermoscópicas
Authors: Niño Rondón Carlos Vicente , Forero-Vargas Manuel Guillermo , Castro-Casadiego Sergio Alexander
Published: December 2023

El conjunto de datos HAM10000, una colección de imágenes dermatoscópicas de lesiones cutáneas, se ha convertido en un recurso valioso para la investigación en dermatología y aprendizaje automático. Este estudio se enfoca en evaluar la eficiencia de dos técnicas de aumento de datos aplicadas a imágenes del conjunto HAM10000 de cáncer de piel.  Las técnicas evaluadas en este contexto fueron las transformaciones geométricas e inducción de ruido gaussiano. En la fase metodológica, se implementó la técnica de Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) para comparar las imágenes originales con aquellas aumentadas por cada enfoque. Este análisis permitió una comprensión más profunda de las modificaciones introducidas por cada técnica, ofreciendo percepciones sobre la preservación de características relevantes para la clasificación de lesiones cutáneas. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un rendimiento superior al emplear la técnica de inducción de ruido gaussiano. Esta técnica demostró ser especialmente eficaz en mejorar la calidad del conjunto de datos, contribuyendo positivamente a las tareas de diagnóstico de cáncer de piel. El análisis a través de PCA no solo respaldó la eficacia de la técnica de inducción de ruido gaussiano, sino que también proporcionó una visión detallada de cómo esta técnica conserva información crucial durante el proceso de aumento de datos. este estudio no solo destaca la relevancia del conjunto de datos HAM10000 en la investigación dermatológica, sino que también enfatiza la importancia de seleccionar técnicas de aumento de datos adecuadas, con la inducción de ruido gaussiano emergiendo como una opción altamente eficiente para mejorar la precisión de modelos de aprendizaje automático aplicados a imágenes médicas en el contexto del cáncer de piel.
Županja u 18. stoljeću
Authors: Lendarić Marija
Published: December 2023

Završetkom Velikog bečkog rata (1683.-1699.) i postavljenjem granice na Savu Karlovačkim mirom (1699.) otvorila se mogućnost ponovnog naseljavanja ratom opustjele Slavonije. Mnogi su se vraćali u svoja napuštena sela, a izbjeglice južno od Save tražile su svoje novo mjesto u opustjelim prostorima Slavonije. Ulogu u ovim migracijskim kretanjima imali su franjevci provincije Bosne Srebrene ali i središnja vlast u Beču. Franjevci su nastojali spasiti svoje župljane iz krajeva pod osmanskom vlasti naseljavajući ih u svoje opustjele župe u sigurnijim prostorima Slavonije. Vlasti su pak nastojale naseliti opustjela sela kako bi na taj način Slavonija ponovno postala gospodarski i vojno korisna. Tako je Županja na prijelazu iz 17. u 18. stoljeće dijelila sudbinu mnogih slavonskih sela. Pusta Županja već je deset godina nakon sklapanja Karlovačkog mira ponovno bila naseljena i uklopljena u župu Bošnjaci, pod dušobrižništvom franjevaca. Promjenama u crkvenoj vlasti, i posredovanjem svjetovnih vlasti Županja je sredinom 18. stoljeća postala maticom župe što je ostalo nepromijenjeno do kraja stoljeća.
Prilog poznavanju prilika u Vukovaru tijekom epidemije kuge 1795/96.
Authors: Maksić Veljko
Published: December 2023

Zadnjeg desetljeća XVIII. stoljeća u Vukovaru se ponovo pojavila kuga, nakon pedesetogodišnjeg izbivanja. Kako u to vrijeme još nije bio poznat uzročnik tako su bile nepoznate i učinkovite metode liječenja. Unatoč tome, Vukovar je imao relativno mali broj okuženih i umrlih u odnosu na druga mjesta u Srijemu. Cilj rada je, na temelju dostupnih izvora i literature, predstaviti kronologiju događanja u Vukovaru, od pojave patogenog agensa do konačnog oslobađanja ovog srijemskog trgovišta od kuge. Zahvaljujući sačuvanoj arhivskoj građi moguće je preispitati ukupan broj umrlih i utvrditi stopu smrtnosti u Vukovaru. Na temelju nekoliko izvora kreiran je objedinjeni popis umrlih osoba tijekom epidemije tzv. Srijemske kuge u Vukovaru.
Šokački agrarni pokret u Dražu i Gajiću 1897.-1898.
Authors: Heka László
Published: December 2023

U Baranjskoj županiji je potkraj 19. stoljeća došlo do osiromašenja mjesnoga pučanstva uslijed poplava, stočnih bolesti i uništenja vinove loze zbog filoxere. Istovremeno su razvojem tehnologije seljaci maloposjednici (stočari, mljekari) postali nekonkurentni u odnosu na poljoprivredne proizvode s baranjskih veleposjeda, pa su i zbog toga ostajali bez prihoda. Naročito teško je bilo pogođeno hrvatsko (šokačko) pučanstvo u selima uz rijeku Karašicu, pa se 1897-98. otvoreno pubunilo protiv vlasti. Središte pokreta bilo je u Dražu i Gajiću. Ovaj ustanak su tadašnje vlasti i novine zabilježile pod nazivom „Šokačka pobuna“ i htjele su ga prikazati kao izraz nezadovoljstva samo jednoga dijela baranjskoga stanovništva. Šokci su u izvješćima lokalnih organa vlasti slanima u Budimpeštu prikazani kao vjerski sektaši (pristaše nazarenskoga pokreta), socijalisti i komunisti. Činjenica je da će od tada Baranja biti jedno od središta radničkoga pokreta, a nakon propasti Socijalističke Mađarske su pristaše zbačenog režima ovdje našli sklonište. Za vrijeme srpske okupacije Baranje (1918-1921.) su Šokci pristali uz novostvorenu Kraljevinu SHS, jer im je Beograd zajamčio davanje svih agrarnih prava. Tako je naposljetku dio Baranjske županije (Prekodravlje) pripao jugoslavenskoj državi. U ovom radu analiziramo nastanak i tijek šokačkog agrarnog pokreta, njegov utjecaj na odcjepljenje dijela Baranjske županije i pripajanje Kraljevini SHS, te kako je Baranja na koncu postala hrvatska, a ne srpska regija, kako su u Beogradu planirali.
Women in Bulgarian (post) socialistic theatre on and beyond stage
Authors: Doublekova Pavlina
Published: December 2023

This paper attempts to draw a rough sketch of several major, intertwined
lines of Bulgarian cultural and social history that will have a long-term
effect and influence on many processes in the next few decades. As a
beginning, it looks into the early phase of the establishment of state
socialism in Bulgaria, focusing simultaneously on the processes taking place
in the theatre system as part of the larger new political and ideological
project of industrialization and modernization and the social role
prescribed to it in this intensely changing social landscape. At the same
time, the paper follows the parallel introduction of two somewhat
contradictory new visions about women?s role in society: giving them full
election rights and encouraging them to enter the labor force, while
simultaneously introducing measures like the ?bachelor tax?, stimulating men
and women to enter marriage, creating a network of policies and notions, and
encouraging women to give birth to as many children as possible and to be
the main caregivers in the household. That is why the foundation of this
research is precisely the paradoxical situation in which women were in the
socialist theatre and outside it.
New radiocarbon dates for the Criş site of Sacarovca I (Moldova)
Authors: Kiosak Dmytro , Dergaciov Valentin A. , Szidat Soenke , Tinner Willy
Published: December 2023

Four new AMS radiocarbon dates shed new light on the chronology of one of the easternmost sites of the Criş culture. The conventional dating efforts had yielded indecisive results, while the new results correspond well to the typo-chronological position of the site (Criş IV) and the chronology of other sites with similar finds. The comparison with the nearby para-Neolithic sites demonstrated that the establishment of the para Neolithic way of life (foragers equipped with pottery) in the region happened several centuries before the spread of early farmers of the Criş culture into Moldova.
Burials with the ochre of Corded Ware culture in the Upper Dnister region
Authors: Voitovych Mariia
Published: December 2023

Burials with the ochre of the CWC on the territory of the Upper Dnister region, the higher concentration of which was recorded on the territory of the right bank of the Dnister river, within the Drohobych Upland, were considered. It has been established that now about 30 burials were found on this territory, in which this mineral substance was found, evidenced both inside the burials and at the level of the ancient horizon under the barrow mounds. It was observed that the body of the deceased was covered with ochre, or it was placed as separate lumps inside the burial. It is noted that the remains of wooden structures in the form of flooring and ceilings are often present in burials with ochre. It was defined that burials with the ochre of the CWC on the territory of Upper Dnister region date to the period of the first half of the 3rd millennium B. C. and are related to influences from the environment of Yamna culture.
Protective Effect of Protocatechuic Acid in Genotoxicity-Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Adebukola Adeyanju Anne
Published: December 2023

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is commonly utilized as a solvent, a refrigerant, and a dry-cleaning agent. However, its genotoxic effect has been well documented. The present work was designed to assess the genotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride in the bone marrow of rats. The safety and the possible protective effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in the genotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were evaluated using a micronucleus assay. Rats were divided into six groups where groups I and II served as the control. Group III was exposed to CCl4 only at 3mL/kg intraperitoneally. Groups IV and V rats were pretreated with PCA at 10mg/kg and 20 mg/kg respectively before administering CCl4. Group VI received PCA only (20mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, a micronucleus assay was carried out. There was a significant MnPCE in the bone marrow of CCl4-treated rats as compared with control (p<0.05). The administration of PCA at the doses of 10 and 20mg/kg significantly reduced the MnPCE when compared with the group treated with CCl4 (3ml/kg) only (p<0.05). The data provided in this study considered PCA to be relatively safe, non-genotoxic and can modulate the genetic damage involved in CCl4 toxicity by decreasing the frequency of micronucleated cells.
Evolution of Toxicology in India: From Safety Concerns to Comprehensive Science
Authors: Parmar Pragnesh
Published: December 2023

Toxicology, the study of the adverse effects of chemicals and substances on living organisms, has come a long way in India. From traditional knowledge of medicinal plants and their toxic properties to cutting-edge research on environmental toxins and chemical safety, the evolution of toxicology in India has been marked by significant advancements and a growing awareness of the importance of public health and safety.
Modelling of the Antibacterial Activity of Some Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Agrawal Vijay K
Published: December 2023

In this study, an attempt has been made to obtain the most significant QSAR model for modeling the logMIC activity of the benzimidazole derivatives as synthesized and reported by Seydal. For this purpose, some topological descriptors have been calculated using mol files created through Chemsketch software. The Dragon software has been used for the calculation of a pool of descriptors. Then stepwise regression analysis was done which resulted in statistically significant models. A twoparametric model has been found to be the best with R2 equal to 0.9487. The R2cv for the model comes out to be 0.94595 which confirms that the model may be accepted. The other tests for the proposed model e.g., VIF parameters and Ridge analysis also support the findings.
The Cause and Functions of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Toxicology Applications: A Review
Authors: Çankaya Nevin
Published: December 2023

Environmental impacts of metal oxide nanoparticles in toxicological research studies are rapidly spreading nowadays, many of which are exponentially increasing in various industrial and energy applications. Its usage areas are widely used in agriculture and similar product consumption, catalysts used in industry, gas-air sensors, electronic materials, biological medicine, environmental toxins, and energy sectors. In addition to global climate change and its environmental effects, toxicological effects that directly affect the quality and healthy life of human beings constitute a tangle of problems. These problems will be resolved by scientific researching and studies completely. In general, as examined in research studies, such as the onset of skin redness and itching, which has been studied in research studies, nanoparticles, especially some metal oxides, can have harmful effects on human life/skin and surface/liquid organism. However, the details of all dangerous toxicological mechanisms or structures and their exact solutions and result-oriented economic solutions are still indefinite. The fact that the inherent qualities of nanoparticles (NPs) affect life and create ecological change factors can eventually lead to short/long-term dangerous toxicological effects on the environment and humans through behavioral and transport routes. In literature resources, show that the metal oxide NPs exposed to the humanity life systems resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) nascency, oxidative stress, creating purulence, cytotoxicity, genetic toxicology, and immunotoxicology. In this literature perspective review, there has been deemed a more scientifically sensitive approach by us to review the hazardous toxicology’s it as ecological, aquatic, agriculture and environmental toxicology
Guidelines on Fixed Dosage Combinations (FDCs): A Review
Authors: SS Gill
Published: December 2023

Combination products, also known as fixed dose drug combinations (FDCs), are a combination of two or more active pharmacological components. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration defines a "product" as "any combination of a drug and a tool or a biological product." Regulatory Bodies, such as CDSCO, have laid down various rules and regulations on FDCs and classify them into four different types based on their origin status and have laid down requirements for FDCs under schedule Y and New Clinical Trials Rules 2019 along with rules such as rule 80.
Omicron; New COVID-19 Strain
Authors: M Kulshreshtha
Published: December 2023

After the few years of COVID -19, Omicron has reported as a new variant found in the Botswana. Some studies have reported that it is much milder then COVID-19. Symptoms include cough, fatigue, loss of smell, runny nose etc. It is not clear that Omicron can transfer from one person to another. Treatment is not clear. This short view is my best collection of published scientific data on Omicron till now. It also includes the origin, epidemiological data, and treatment etc. of new variant.
Natural Antioxidants and Tissue Inflammation
Authors: J Mancini-Filho
Published: December 2023

The phenolic compounds present in food cover a wide range of structures that have different biological properties. Highlighting its antioxidant properties and the presence mainly of spices, herbs and other foods. Some compounds present in spices can be listed for their antioxidant activity, such as: cloves have eugenol, pinene in their composition, cinnamon also has eugenol, limonene, pinene, catechins and other phenolic compounds in their composition, anise has pinene, rutin, apigenin, oregano has apigenin, quercecin, rosmarinic, caffeic, p-coumaric acids, and others. Rosemary presents the carnosic, rosmarinic, caffeic and hydroxycinnamic. The tissue inflammatory process normally starts with the presence of free radicals that are associated with the oxidative process activated by reactive oxygen species represented by peroxides, superoxide ion, presence of hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, among others. The highlighted phenolic compounds have in their structure one or more hydroxyls that have the property of donating a hydrogen atom to free radical structures, which can block the triggering of the oxidative process and thus inflammation.
An Update on Prunus Armeniaca Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities
Authors: DJ Opwoko
Published: December 2023

The irrational use of drugs has led to antimicrobial resistance and tolerance to most commercial drugs posing a global threat to future management of diseases. Hence there is need to search for new drugs from medicinal edible plants to be incorporated in the nutraceutical management of diseases. The challenges facing the utilization of medicinal edible fruits are the lack of sufficient studies to ascertain their quality, safety and efficacy. Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) also known as Apricot is a delicious and most commercial traded fruit globally. Prunus armeniaca can either be consumed as a fresh fruit, dried fruit, processed juice, jam or nectar. This review article purposes to give an up-to-date understanding of the Prunus armeniaca medicinal edible fruit biological activities and phytochemical composition that have been outlined in grey and published literature. Literature has been reviewed using search engines such as Google Scholar, HINARI, Science Direct, PubChem, Sciverse, EBSCO and Scopus. Apricot provides a rich source of phytochemicals including but not limited to polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoid glycosides, saponins, carotenoids, cyanogenic glucosides, fatty acids, sterol derivatives, volatile components, monosaccharides and polysaccharides. These phytochemicals have shown efficacious and safe biological activity. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, inhibitory activity against several enzymes, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimutagenic as well as antioxidant activity have been demonstrated. Prunus armeniaca has been utilized in oriental medicine to treat diseases such as leprosy, asthma, leukoderma, bronchitis, constipation, emphysema and nausea. Its safety and toxicity have not been well documented hence the need for evaluation. More studies are needed to elucidated more phytochemicals and biological activities, efficacy, safety and toxicity measures. Prunus armeniaca will provide a source of health promoting health constituent in nutraceutical and new remedy for the emerging resistant human pathogens in the fight against antimicrobial resistance and drug tolerance.