bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Insight into the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus in Africa
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu Abdullahi
Published: May 2022

Hepatitis viruses (hepatotropic viruses) are classified into five ‎kinds, denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, and E, each with its ‎own unique genotypes, clinical implications, and geographic ‎distribution. Viral hepatitis is a type of liver inflammation that ‎can resolve on its own or proceed to cirrhosis or hepatocellular ‎cancer. Hepatitis A, B, and C infections are the most common ‎types of infectious viral hepatitis. Over the previous five ‎decades, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has exhibited an ‎intermediate or high endemicity level in low-income nations. ‎HBV genotype variation is thought to be crucial in regulating ‎disease development, infection outcome, antiviral therapy ‎response, and illness prognosis. HBV is divided into ten ‎genotypes (A-J) and roughly 40 sub-genotypes, correlated with ‎different geographic distributions, transmission routes, and ‎disease progression. The goal of this study was to figure out ‎the current status of HBV prevalence and genotype distribution ‎in West African countries. HBV genotypes A, D, and E have ‎been reported the most widely prevalent genotypes in Africa so ‎far, while there are limited reports of genotypes B and C. HBV ‎genotype A is shown to be more prevalent in Africa than on ‎other continents, implying that it has an African origin. ‎Genotype D has been found across Africa, particularly in the ‎Mediterranean and North African regions. Except in Africa, HBV ‎genotype E infection is extremely rare, even when infection ‎with this genotype has been recorded outside of Africa, it has ‎virtually always been in African origin people. Within Africa, ‎HBV genotype E is abundant and broad across the continent, ‎reaching from Senegal's west coast to Namibia's southwestern ‎tip and eastward to the Central African Republic. These ‎epidemiological findings and differences have important ‎implications for the immunization, antiviral therapy, and clinical ‎outcomes of HBV on a national and regional level.‎
Histopathological Response of Liver to Fasciola Infection in Cattle Slaughtered from Two Major Abattoirs in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Amawulu Ebenezer
Published: May 2022

The information on the histopathology of liver infected with Fasciola is germane to the implementation of control intervention of Fascioliasis in cow. The study was undertaken to determine the histopathology of the liver in cow slaughtered in two abattoirs in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State, during April, 2021 - May 2021. Forty-eight cow slaughtered in the abattoir was inspected for the presence of Fasciola parasite species. Seven liver lobe were collected for histopathological study. The preparation of the liver for histological analysis followed standard procedures. From the result, the prevalence of the Fasciola infection was 14.58% by palpation method. The histopathological analysis of the seven liver showed that they were all heavily infected. The infection causes intensive destruction of the liver parenchyma, which also resulted to chronic tissue response. The responses demonstrated the zones of granulocytic inflammation consisting area of central necrosis, surrounded by infiltration of lymphocytes, histocytes and plasma cells. The result of this study has demonstrated that there is lack of supervision in the abattoir. The heavy infestation of liver parasites in the major abattoir in Yenagoa metropolis is an indication that there is need for thorough veterinary services in the abattoir and call for public attention.
Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition and Microbial Load of Fresh and Fermented Young Muskmelon (Cucumis Melo Linn).
Authors: Chakriya Norng
Published: May 2022

The objective of this research was to examine the physicochemical properties, proximate composition and microbiological properties of fresh and fermented muskmelon. The results showed that physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and mineral content of fresh muskmelon was lower than compared to fermented muskmelon products. The yeast, Enterobacteriaceae, and bacillus contained in fermented muskmelon with satisfactory quality. Bacillus presented in fresh and fermented muskmelon. Total viable count contained 1.6 x 103 CFU/g in fresh and 1.5 x 103 CFU/g fermented muskmelon. So, the quality of fresh and fermented muskmelon can be rated as “acceptable” and pathogenic strains of coliforms, salmonella, and Staphylococcus was absent. The application of lactic acid bacterial should be placed initial of fermented muskmelon for improving the quality and safety of product.
To What Extent Should Qualitative Inquiry Be Scientific? Notes From and Inspired by an Unscripted Panel Presentation
Authors: Bernauer James , Chatfield Sheryl , Cooper Robin , Lichtman Marilyn , Mangrum Rikki , Snyder Martha
Published: May 2022

The components of The Qualitative Report - TQR learning community – including the journal, the conference, and the NSU qualitative research graduate certificate – provide multiple opportunities for scholars to connect and collaborate. This paper is an extension of a moderated panel presentation from TQR 2021 in which we aimed to provide an organic demonstration of how we, as members of the TQR community, aimed to learn from each other through a process of personal construction of understanding, followed by social re-construction of our understanding of the same phenomenon in response to others’ responses. To prepare for the session, five members of the TQR learning community independently developed responses to the question: “To what extent should qualitative inquiry be scientific?” Prior to the conference session, panel members and an invited moderator held periodic virtual meetings to negotiate aspects of the upcoming presentation. This paper consists of re-presented panelist and moderator reflections, comments, and responses, re-ordered to create an engaging narrative that shares commonalities and contrasts revealed through the process of reflection. We begin the multiple dialogue with excerpts which illustrate participants’ reflections to their invitations to participate, continue with excerpts to show thoughts and transitions at key points of the presentation preparation process, and ending with new questions inspired by involvement in this collaborative process.
Market Pressure Based on International Food Standards in Export-Scale Urban Farming: Political Ecology Perspective
Authors: Safirtri Kinanti , Abdoellah Oekan , Gunawan Budhi , Suparman Yusep , Parikesit Parikesit
Published: May 2022

Urban farming has been transformed into urban agricultural activities oriented towards optimizing economic benefits through export market involvement. However, the expansion of the market has consequences for farmers. The involvement of urban farmers in export trade causes market pressures that affect agricultural production practices. This research used qualitative research methods. There were 27 informants in this study. Researchers collected data to determine market pressures faced by export-scale urban farmers in Bandung Metropolitan. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the market had put pressure on export-scale urban farmers in Bandung Metropolitan to meet international food standards. The mechanism was constructed to encourage farmers to adopt more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. However, international food standards are mandatory for export requirements. It meant that urban farmers still interpreted implementing international food standards as an administrative formality, not as a scheme of critical reasoning about environmental problems due to intensive agricultural practices. Therefore, market pressure by international food standards implementation is paradoxical and ineffective because farmers interpreted it as meeting export requirements rather than as awareness of farmers' environmental responsibilities to deliver healthy and environmentally friendly products.
POPULARNA KULTURA I FORMACIJE DRUŠTVENOG POVEZIVANjA DRAMSKIH LIKOVA HAROLDA PINTERA
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology, Rafailović Sanja
Published: May 2022

The topic of this paper is defining the concept of popular culture and determining its influence on the formations of social connection of dramatic characters of Harold Pinter. The first part of the paper relies on the theories of the renowned sociologists regarding the explication of the concept of popular culture and the determination of its elements, with a special focus on social formations. In the second part of the paper, the comparative method determines and explains the social formations that make up the dramatic characters of Harold Pinter in the dramas: The Dumb Waiter, The Caretaker, Homecoming, No Man’s Land, Betrayal and Celebration. More precisely, the connection of Harold Pinter’s drama charac- ters is classified into: an association which purpose is to achieve individual goals (family, friends, business associates) and an association which purpose is in itself (celebration). The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which popular culture influences the formations of social associations of the protagonists of Harold Pinter’s drama characters.
ISTORIJA JEZIČKOG TESTIRANjA
Authors:   University Union in Belgrade, Mirčić Panić Dragana
Published: May 2022

The paper presents the history of the development of language test- ing in the light of various, once prevailing theories about the nature, acquisition and use of language. The initial chapter is dedicated to the first, traditional or pre-scientific phase in the development of language testing, which is related to the end of the 19th century and the then dominant grammar-translation method. What follows is a presentation of the period of discrete point testing, resulting from a structuralist interpretation of language, as well as the attempt to overcome the shortcomings of this type of testing. The final chapters deal with the theory of communicative competence, which has led to an essential and final turning point in relation to traditional methods. We also paid attention to the new challenges that the language testing process faced in the conditions of a pandemic and a complete transition to online teaching, and the answers to the questions that were recognized as problematic could be given by some future research.
ANALIZA DRAME „MUVE“ ŽANA POLA SARTRA PREMA MITOLOŠKO-RITUALNOJ KRITICI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology and Arts, Ilić Teodora
Published: May 2022

The subject of the paper is the analysis of the play The Flies by Jean Paul Sartre, published in 1943. The paper begins with defining the myth-ritual theory using the anthology The Myth and Ritual Theory by Robert Segal (1998), as the primary theoretical framework of the same. Therefore, by defining the myth- ritual theory, the goal is to present its characteristics in drama, and use them in a comparative analysis with the one above-mentioned play by Jean-Paul Sartre. The focus is put on J. G. Frazer’s theory of the “sacrifical king” as the main premise of tragedies, so we attempt to find this motif in the plays of Aeschylus and Sartre. Our aim was, consequently, to try and notice whether there is a ritual counterpart that corresponds to Sartre’s adaptation of the Electra myth, by also referring to its original source – Aeschylus’ serial Orestes. We start with the analysis of the Orestes trilogy using the myth-ritual theory, and then continue with the same analysis of The Flies. Finally, we come to a conclusion that Sartre does, in fact, adapt the motif of the “sacrificial lamb” of the myth-ritual theory (which is primarily concerned with the character of Orestes), in order to show his theological ideology for which he is famous for – existentialism. On the other hand, Aeschylus gives praise to the ancient gods and the Athenian democracy.
Propiedades psicométricas del test de evaluación neuropsicológica – Neuropsi en población peruana.
Authors: Marreros-Tananta Jaime , Guerrero-Alcedo Jesús M.
Published: May 2022

La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de estimar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento de evaluación neuro-psicológica – Neuropsi en pacientes atendidos en el área de neurología de un hospital público de Perú. Asimismo, el estudio es de tipo psicométrico, de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal, por ello, se orienta a través de un enfoque cuantitativo; se trabaja con una muestra no probabilística de 432 Historias Clínicas (HC) de pacientes adultos mayores que fueron diagnosticados con o sin alteraciones cognitivas o demencia, a quienes se les aplica el instrumento de evaluación neuropsicológica breve en español – Neuropsi. En este sentido, se halla un análisis factorial que reporta un buen ajuste en un modelo de 6 factores con X2=2,825, CFI=0,990, GFI=0,986, PNFI=0,460, AIC=47,774, SRMR=0,0196, RMSEA=0,065 y el rendimiento cognitivo difiere según el rango de edad del paciente, además, presenta una confiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0,863. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el instrumento es válido, breve, preciso y adecuado para medir el rendimiento cognitivo.
Key aspects of the management of patient schools as telemedicine technology of modern healthcare
Authors: Teplyakova Olga V. , Leshchenko Igor V. , Esaulova Natalya A. , Sarapulova Anastasia V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. A feature of healthcare in 2020 was the work in conditions of massive incidence of COVID-19, limited and redistribution of human resources. One of the right decisions in these conditions is to manage schools for patients, which allow simultaneous education and convey the necessary information to a large number of people. For the first time, the key aspects of the management of telemedicine schools for patients are presented. The purpose of the study is to assess the feasibility of telemedicine schools for patients as a technology of modern health care. Material and methods. The work was carried out by the method of a one-stage cross-sectional study of the questionnaire survey of participants of two schools cycles, conducted in an on-line mode. Results. One thousand four hundred three patients took part in the cycle for rehabilitation after COVID-19. Feedback from 171 listeners was received for the questionnaire based on the Google platform. The number of participants in rheumatology schools was 197 people, the results of the questionnaire were received from 36 respondents. Limitations of the study. The study analyzed two different in size and relatively small groups of participants who anonymously answered standardized questions about the appropriateness and quality of the training provided. Discussion. Ten key principles of managing online patient education at the present stage were identified as follows: the use of distance technologies, the interest of a medical institution administration, the team approach, the technical possibilities of implementing schools, adaptation of lecture material for patients, the role of a qualified specialist in the educational process, patient participation, measurement efficiency and timely correction, development and improvement of educational technology for patients, desire for cooperation and exchange of experience. Conclusion. The emergence of new opportunities related to online health education of the population, including educational activities for patients, opens up new prospects for improving clinical care aimed at promoting health and preventing disease.
On the implementation of regional programs of subsidized drug provision in the subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Petrukhina Irina K. , Yagudina Rosa I. , Ryazanova Tatyana K. , Kurkin Vladimir A. , Egorova Anna V. , Loginova Larisa V. , Khusainova Aliya I. , Blinkova Polina R.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The regional programs of the subsidized provision of medicines (RPSPM) implemented in the subjects of the Russian Federation are an important state instrument in the field of medicine provision of citizens. Purpose. To study the features of the implementation of RPSPM in various subjects of the Russian Federation over 2018-2019. Material and methods. During the study, the data provided by the health authorities and the pharmaceutical service of 21 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were processed. Results. The median of funding in the studied subjects of the Russian Federation amounted to 713.1 million rubles in 2018 and 753.1 million rubles in 2019. The average actual costs per one applied beneficiary (± standard error) was 2685 ± 941 rubles in 2018 and 2404 ± 780 rubles in 2019. At the end of 2018, about 22.7 million prescriptions were established to be written out in the analyzed subjects of the Russian Federation within the framework of the RPPPM, at the end of 2019 - about 26.2 million prescriptions. The median cost of one prescription reached 1,327 rubles in 2018 and 2,162 rubles in 2019. Comparative analysis showed that the indicators of the funding volume for the RPSPM per beneficiary per year in different subjects of the Russian Federation differ significantly, the median (interquartile range) in 2018 was 6,704 rubles (3,436-11,576 rubles), in 2019 - 8,166 rubles (4,162-10,211 rubles). Limitations. Taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation, in the study we analyzed data on the implementation of the RPSPM for about 25% of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with various infrastructural, socio-economic, demographic indicators, which is a fairly reference sample group. Conclusion. Thus, we studied the indicators of the implementation of the RPSPM in 21 subjects of the Russian Federation. During 2018-2019 in the analyzed subjects of the Russian Federation, regional beneficiaries had different opportunities to receive medicine assistance within the framework of the RPSPM.
Occupational burnout syndrome in pharmaceutical workers
Authors: Nagornyak Yulia G. , Kanakina Tatiana A. , Fokin Vasiliy A. , Muzyra Yuriy A. , Ratkin Alexandr V. , Ruzlyaeva Evgenia A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. It has been confirmed by a number of foreign and domestic studies, that occupational burnout (OB) is a common phenomenon among medical and pharmaceutical workers. Scientific and practical interest to the study of the causes of OB is due to the specific features of pharmaceutical industry, which associated with the daily communication of pharmacy employees with a large number of visitors who seek for their professional advice. Material and methods. The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, adapted for pharmaceutical workers, was used to assess the level of OB and to identify factors that could contribute to it’s development. The study involved employees of pharmaceutical institutions from the Tomsk (TR) and the Novosibirsk (NR) regions as well as from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - RS (Ya). Results. OB signs were fpound to be typical for pharmaceutical specialists in all tested regions, while more than 1/3 of the respondents have a high degree of this syndrome. The highest degree of OB is common among pharmaceutical workers in the TR, where emotional exhaustion by an integral indicator is expressed in 42.5% of respondents. In the RS(Ya) and the NR, the average degree is observed - in 62.5% and 60.5% of respondents, respectively. At the same time, the indicators of personal achievement reduction are expressed to a low degree: most specialists are able to find the right solutions in conflict situations, adequately cope with emotional problems, and understand and feel their colleagues well. Limitations. When studying occupational burnout among pharmaceutical workers of pharmaceutical institutions in the TR and NR as well as RS (Ya), the total 85 questionnaires were evaluated. Discussion. The obtained data showed differences in the OB severity among pharmaceutical specialists depending on the region. The main factors contributing to the development of OB include the age and length of service, the level of education, the reason for selecting an occupation and the presence of children. Satisfaction with the chosen occupation depends upon the attitude of management towards employees and the level of salary that allows feeling financial independence. Conclusion. Thus, pharmaceutical employees are subject to burnout at work. This problem is a theoretical and practical interest with its goal to find opportunities to prevent the development of burnout and reduce its impact.
Colostrum of cattle in the prevention of human infectious disease (literature review)
Authors: Kuzmin Sergey V. , Skripacheva Anna I. , Rusakov Vladimir N. , Sinitsyna Oxana O. , Myzel Sergey G. , Alyoshkin Vladimir A.
Published: May 2022

Colostrum (or immune milk) is the first milk that mammals produce after childbirth, and its composition differs markedly from milk obtained later in lactation. Colostrum is a rich source of immunoglobulins and other biologically active components. The purpose of this literature review is to systematize research on methods of treatment and prevention of human infectious diseases using immunomodulatory and immunoprotective properties of colostrum. The open sources hosted in PubMed, Researchgate and eLibrary databases were studied. The history of the use of colostrum from hyperimmunized cows as a treatment for human diseases can be traced back to the 1950s. Many studies on the use of colostrum have explored its potential in both the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases. The data obtained indicate the high efficiency of the use of cow colostrum and its components both for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Colostrum is capable of producing a heterologous transfer of passive immunity. The immunization protocols used in the production of immune milk can be highly variable. This is especially true for the timing of immunization. Working on immunization protocols that expose animals to specific antigens can result in enhanced humoral immune responses in the mammary gland. The most relevant is the search for ways to use immune milk as a means to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The literature review provides a description of antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth-stimulating factors in bovine colostrum. Examples and descriptions of homologous and heterologous transmission of passive immunity are given.
The first year of the pandemic: social response in the context of causes of death
Authors: Semyonova Victoria G. , Ivanova Alla E. , Sabgayda Tamara P. , Evdokushkina Galina N. , Zaporozhchenko Vyacheslav G.
Published: May 2022

Significance. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a number of social consequences affecting various spheres of life in modern society. Purpose: to assess changes in mortality from causes caused by social stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in a metropolis (Moscow). Material and methods. The analysis is based on data from Federal State Statistics Service and the database of deaths in Moscow (medical death certificates issued to medical organizations of the Moscow Department of Health) for 2019-April 2021. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic since April 2020, losses from suicides turned out to be lower than in the corresponding months of 2019, however during the period of strict quarantine (April-June 2020), a local maximum of losses was observed. Mortality attributable to alcohol and drug use (poisoning and mental disorders) was characterized by stabilization or insignificant gain during the period of strict quarantine (April-May) with a sharp splash during the exit from it (June 2020), as well as in the fall and winter of 2021. Limitations. The results of the study of the social consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic apply only to Moscow and include deaths only from suicide, alcohol poisoning, drug poisoning, as well as mental disorders associated with alcohol and drug use for the period 2020-2021. Conclusions. A completely logical picture of social stress has formed in Moscow with an acute reaction (suicide) at the first stage of the pandemic and its long-term socio-economic consequences (alcoholism and drug addiction) at subsequent stages, which could not be avoided despite external stabilization life in the capital.
Sign Languages in Audiovisual Media
Authors: Tamayo Ana
Published: May 2022

Sign language (SL), sign language interpreting (SLI) and sign language translation (SLT) have often been overlooked in both theoretical and more practical approaches within Audiovisual Translation (AVT) studies. This is a theoretical contribution that aims at presenting a taxonomy for the classification of SL, SLI and SLT that might serve to encourage and develop descriptive accounts in the field. This objective is achieved through a review of previous literature on sign language, media accessibility and descriptive AVT studies. To this end, a brief introduction to how SLT and SLI are conducted in the area of audiovisual (AV) content will be presented. A short discussion from an AVT perspective on source languages (L1s), target languages (L2s) and third languages (L3s) will follow, including observations on the role of SLs in AV production, the stages at which SLs are implemented, and the possible translation modes for these languages. Reflections here will lead to the proposal of the first ever taxonomy for the analysis of those AVT modes which include the presence of SLs in AV content. Finally, conclusions will focus on the importance of fostering methodologically strong descriptive studies on SL translation and interpreting from an AVT perspective.
 
Lay summary
Audiovisual Translation Studies and Sign Language Studies have been ever-growing research fields since the 1060’s and 70’s, but Audiovisual Translation Studies have systematically ignored Sign language, sign language interpreting and sign language translation. This article is hopes to contribute with a solid theoretical and methodological approach to Audiovisual Translation Studies to include the study of sign language in audiovisual content. Firstly, a review on previous literature on the related fields of study is conducted. Secondly, an introduction on how sign language translation and interpreting can be seen in TV and in other media is presented. Thirdly, a discussion from the Audiovisual Translation point of view on languages involved in audiovisual production is offered. All this leads to a classification for the analysis of sign language in the media that might serve to encourage descriptive studies. Finally, conclusions focus on the importance of more studies on how sign languages and their translation and interpreting is carried out in the media.
Forty-year historical analysis of marine mammal strandings in Texas, from 1980 – 2019
Authors: Piwetz Sarah , Ronje Errol I. , Whitehead Heidi R.
Published: May 2022

Long-term trends in marine mammal stranding patterns can provide useful information on basic life history parameters, spatiotemporal distribution, natural and human-related mortality events, and potentially vulnerable populations. Between 1980 and 2019, a total of 5,301 marine mammal strandings were recorded in Texas, USA. In total, 23 species were identified, including 19 odontocete species (toothed whales and dolphins), 3 mysticete species (baleen whales), and 1 sirenian species (manatee). Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded most frequently (94%). Six unusual mortality events occurred with causes attributed to disease, harmful algal blooms, or unknown etiologies. Common bottlenose dolphin stranding events increased significantly in late winter/early spring, with an early onset in southern Texas, and had a consistent peak in March involving primarily calves and adults. Spatial analyses using kernel density estimation within seven coastal Texas stock management areas, delineated by the National Marine Fisheries Service, identified potential hotspots for common bottlenose dolphin strandings near higher human population density and deep water channels. Peak stranding density estimates in each stock area ranged from 0.32 – 4.6km-2 for presumed bay, sound and estuarine (BSE) stocks and 0.82km-2 for the presumed Western Gulf of Mexico Coastal Stock. Common bottlenose dolphin stranding events were positively male-biased, including a significantly higher number of stranded male fetuses and neonates, and sexual dimorphism was observed in total body length of adults, with significantly greater length in males. For all records where human interaction (HI) could be determined as ‘yes’ or ‘no’, 30% were positive for HI, with the highest proportion of HI events occurring in the central and southern-most BSE stock areas; however, it is unknown how many HI cases contributed to mortality. This longitudinal study provides a comprehensive overview of marine mammal stranding patterns in Texas and serves as a useful resource for stranding investigators and Gulf-wide natural resource managers.
Application of the balanced scorecard in scientific and educational public unions
Authors:   Kursk Institute of Managemen, Okorokov Alexey
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the features of the application of the balanced scorecard in the non-profit sector of the economy. In non-profit organizations, financial and cost indicators have relatively less weight in the BSC. Indicators related to the quality of human resource management occupy a priority place in the BSC. The article analyzes the balanced scorecard in relation to two organizations: the Presidential Grants Fund and the Kursk Institute of Management, Economics and Business. The article analyzes examples of the use of the BSC in the Presidential Grants Fund, the use of the BSC in the process of accounting for the scientific and methodological activity of the departments based on the individual report of the teachers of the Kursk Institute of Management, Economics and Business. Taking into account the peculiarities of scientific and educational public unions, the authors propose a model for organizing a balanced scorecard system in this new and promising form of organizing non-profit activities. The transition to the BSC will improve productivity and performance indicators in scientific and educational unions, as well as find a balance in solving the "efficiency-fairness" dilemma in the process of human resource management. For the activities of relatively large non-profit organizations, such as a scientific and educational public union, the effect of the introduction of the BSC will bring a significant increase in efficiency and effectiveness in the work of the organization.
Human capital reproduction in digitalization and the creation of a smart city
Authors:   Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy (branch) of the Federal Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky»
Published: May 2022

The paper presents an analysis of the features and main trends in the development of human capital in the context of the development of artificial intelligence as a factor of innovative development of society. In order to achieve all the goals, set for creating a "smart city", it is necessary to pay attention to the thorough training of specialists, which includes the introduction of new specialties to universities, constant retraining and training, the creation of new jobs, mainly in the smart working standard, the formation of the right environment for comfortable and effective development, including business environments for implementation of innovations.
Features of complex socio-economic systems
Authors:   Analytical Center, Kachak V.V.
Published: May 2022

The concept of system analysis as a set of methods for solving complex problems and methods of ordering in the decision-making process is formulated, the main areas of application are characterized and the process of classifying systems into deterministic, stochastic is analyzed. The system approach allows us to form a general system method for solving problems. It is the general, not the particular approach that makes it possible to get a solution to the problem.
Development of the digital economy in the modern world
Authors:   Analytical Center, Kolosov A.V.
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence is the endowment of a machine with the properties of human intelligence to solve a wide range of tasks using big data. One of these properties is the ability to learn, which is used in the development of image recognition systems. In this paper, various approaches to the definition of the digital economy are investigated, the types of the latest business models in the field of the digital economy are considered, digital business transformations are analyzed and the main trends are identified. In 5 years, the share of the digital economy in global GDP will exceed 60%. The structure of employment will change, as well as the approaches to the labor process themselves. The changes will continue in the sphere of public administration and the provision of social services.
Denial of a healthy lifestyle by a teenager as a projection of conflict in the family
Authors:   Far Eastern Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Zonina D.M.
Published: May 2022

The paper analyzes the features of the relationship between parents and children, the main types of conflicts in which teenagers denial a healthy lifestyle; the results of a sociological survey are displayed; the legal basis for preventing the use of psychoactive substances by teenagers and administrative responsibility for involving teenagers in illegal actions, denying a healthy lifestyle.
Approach to the assessment of the organizational maturity of business processes of the contingent of students of higher educational institutions
Authors:   Reshetnev University, Dorrer M.G. , Trishkina E.I. , Demidyuk V.D. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Gritsenko Е.M. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Popov A.A. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: May 2022

The article examines the methods of assessing the effectiveness of business processes in the organization, including in organizations of higher educational institutions and professional educational organizations. A approach to assessing the level of maturity of the main proceedings of the contingent management of higher education institutions is proposed. To assess maturity as a basis, a five-level model Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is taken. The method of measuring maturity is based on an existing VOYAGER Plant Optimization (VPO) method oriented to improve the efficiency of the organization's processes. Based on the methodology, a structure for the survey of employees of the Higher Educational Institution, as well as a questionnaire, which allows to evaluate the effectiveness of existing business processes of organization and how to improve their improvement. An analysis of the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the assessment of the organizational maturity of the process of management of the contingent of students. The results obtained on the survey in the further study will be based as the assessment of organizational maturity for each process, based on the proposed technique of Anheuser-Busch InBev.
Grid-forming control for high-power inverters
Authors:   , Erdocia Zabala Joseba
Published: May 2022

The present environmental crisis is driving the increase in demand for renewable sources and energy storage systems. The connection of these generation units, made through high-power inverters to minimize costs, is leading to the total replacement of synchronous generators, giving rise to the more frequent appearance of high-power inverter-based microgrids that can work tied to the main grid, islanded or in both operating modes. In this scenario, electronics inverters can no longer be controlled in grid-following mode since their performance as current sources would compromise the stability of the power systems. To avoid this, the concept of controlling the inverters in grid-forming mode has been proposed, in such a way that they perform as voltage sources, always contributing to the maintenance of frequency and voltage and having capability of working under stand-alone mode. This thesis aims to develop grid-forming control strategies for high-power inverters. The main objective is to design and implement techniques that permit ensuring the reliable operation of grid-forming inverters at all possible conditions. Therefore, the following issues are addressed: • Modeling of the inherent damping of high-power inverters to robustly design the control loops. • Development of a method that provides the single-loop voltage control, generally implemented in high-power inverters, with an overcurrent limiting capability. • Stability analysis of inverter-based microgrids when using the conventional droop control as grid-forming strategy. • Design of a frequency droop control that guarantees the transient stability of inverter-based microgrids in stand-alone mode in the presence of overloads or short-circuits. • Design of a frequency droop control that enhances the transient stability of grid-forming inverters in grid-connected mode under voltage dips.
Cambial Electrical Resistance does not Assess Vitality of Individual Sweet Gum Trees
Authors: Clark J. , Kjelgran R. , Hushagen J. , Fiore J.
Published: May 2022

Cambial electrical resistance (CER) was assessed over a year-long period, using the Shigometer, for 109 sweetgum trees (Liquidambarstyraciflua) planted along streets in Seattle, Washington. CER decreased through the spring, reached a minimum in summer, increased through the fall and was maximal in mid-winter. The seasonal maximum was 200- 600% greater than the summer minimum. CER measurements could not be related to growth parameters such as seasonal shoot increment and diameter growth.
Current Attitudes Toward and Uses of Tree Trunk Protective Wraps, Paints, and Devices
Authors: Appleton Bonnie , French Susan
Published: May 2022

Landscape planting specifications routinely recommend or require the installation of some form of tree trunk protection. The most commonly specified material is a paper wrap, although research has shown problems with the use of paper wrap and has suggested other materials that should be considered. The current attitudes towards and use of tree trunk protective wraps, paints and devices by International Society of arboriculture members is reviewed, with suggestions for product and planting specification improvement.
Having Your Trees and Utilities, Too
Authors: Funk Roger
Published: May 2022

Trees are a necessary part of the urban infrastructure, providing social, psychological, physical, environmental and economic benefits for residents. Unfortunately, trees disrupt utilities and pavement when insufficient growth space, both above and blow ground, is provided. Street trees also are subjected to stress-inducing factors that cause decline and premature death. Information regarding tree requirements and tree-site compatibility needs to be developed and disseminated to everyone involved in the planning of urban infrastructures and in the growing, installation and maintenance of trees.
Growth Response of Acer saccharinum to Flurprimidol Injection
Authors: Luken James O. , Blanchard Roger D.
Published: May 2022

Cutless (flurprimidol) was injected in the trunks of nine silver maple trees during fall 1989. Eight trees of similar size and condition were not injected but served as controls. During the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons, significant reductions in leaf mass, current-year stem mass, and current-year stem length in both upper and lower canopy branches occurred with Cutless injection. The longest shoots on injected trees showed 72 - 88% reduction in mean length when compared to control trees. A random sample of shoots (30 per branch) from injected trees also showed 80 - 82% reduction in mean length. Injected trees had variable response and gaunt appearance.
How The Public Values Urban Forests
Authors: Hull R. Bruce
Published: May 2022

Results of this study confirm the intensity with which people value urban forests. Following Hurricane Hugo, residents of Charleston, South Carolina were interviewed and over 30% identified urban forests as being the most significant feature that was damaged. Results also indicate the numerous and diverse values associated with the urban forest: positive emotions evoked by the urban forests (11.6%), contribution to community image and aesthetics (9.5%), energy conservation (6.4%), personal values and memories (5%), environmental quality (3.4%), opportunities for leisure activities (2.3%) and functional concerns (1%).
Comparing Root Balls on Laurel Oak Transplanted from the Wild with Those of Nursery and Container Grown Trees
Authors: Gilman Edward R. , Beeson Richard C. , Black Robert J.
Published: May 2022

Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) was transplanted from 3.8 liter containers into a field nursery or into fabric containers and grown for 2 years. Root balls were then compared. Also compared were oaks collected with a tree spade from the wild. The root system on wild trees was dominated by a single tap root with a few lateral roots growing from the tap root and from the base of the trunk. The nursery trees did not have a single prominent tap root, but several large roots that grew straight or at a slight angle down beneath the trunk. In most cases, these vertically oriented roots originated from roots that had circled the bottom of the container prior to planting. There was no difference in weight of roots less than 5 mm diameter between field- and fabric container-grown trees, and root number and cross-sectional area were comparable among wild, field grown and fabric container-grown trees with the exception that wild trees had fewer roots and less cross-sectional area than did nursery-grown trees in the >5-10 mm root diameter class. Root:shoot ratio was similar for trees in all treatments.
Trees and Urban Forestry in Beijing, China
Authors: Profous George
Published: May 2022

Management practices, nursery production, public preferences, historical development, and land use all influence species composition, diameter size and forest distribution in Beijing, China. Fourgenera(Populus, Sabina, Sophora and Robinia) comprise almost 55% of the trees inventoried. Since 1949, the greenspace cover of Beijing has increased dramatically due to a significant commitment by the municipal government. Older trees surviving from earlier planting eras are found off-street, primarily in older residential and institutional areas. Research is directed toward the use of trees for economical temperature, wind, and pollution control, as well as for aesthetic reasons. Legislation to protect old and historic urban trees was introduced in 1990 to supplement the informal regulations managed by the Bureau of Forestry and the Institute of Landscape and Gardening. Public support for tree preservation and planting is strongly rooted in Chinese culture and tradition.
Effect of Root Pruning Prior to Transplanting on Establishment of Southern Magnolia in the Landscape
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: May 2022

Roots of field-grown southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) were pruned once during dormancy, following the first shoot growth flush or after the second growth flush, prior to transplanting in the winter. During the first year after transplanting, root pruned trees grew at a slightly faster rate than unpruned trees but growth rates were similar for root pruned and unpruned trees the second and third year after transplanting. There was nodifference in post-transplantgrowth among root pruning treatments. Trees required, at most, 1 year per inch of trunk caliper to become established in the landscape.
Determining Strength Loss from Decay
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Fraedrich Bruce
Published: May 2022

A formula for assessing strength loss due to decay was tested on hurricane broken trees and surviving trees exposed to hurricane force winds. When the formula was used with a 33% strength loss threshold, it would predict 50% of the failures in 90 mph winds while calling for "unnecessary" removal of 12% of surviving decayed trees.
Propiconazole as a Treatment for Oak Wilt in Quercus rubra and Q. ellipsoidalis
Authors: Osterbauer N.K. , French D.W.
Published: May 2022

In Minnesota, propiconazole was injected into matureQuercus rubraandQ. ellipsoidalis at Mghrisk to natural infection withCeratocystis fagacearum, the oak wilt fungus. The trees were treated preventively in 1989 and 1990 at a constant rate of 0.168 g a.i./cm dbh using a root flare injection technique. Control trees were left untreated. Since 1989,15 of 49 trees treated in 1989 have wilted in comparison to 18 of 50 control trees. Nine of 88 treated trees in 1990 have wilted since 1990, whereas 42 of 80 control trees have wilted. Propiconazole was effective in 1990 as a preventive treatment for oak wilt inQ. rubraand Q.ellipsoidalis. Propiconazole was detected in the vascular tissue of a treated tree 12 months after injection using a thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay procedure; propiconazole was not detected 20 months after injection. Results from the assay procedure imply treatment with the fungicide would be required approximately once every 2 years.
The False Positive in Bioindicators of Air Pollution
Authors: Hacker W. David , Neufeld Howard
Published: May 2022

Yellow-poplar {Liriodendron tulipifera) seedlings were fumigated with a gradient of ozone to determine what effect ozone has on the species. The fumigated seedlings displayed physical symptoms of ozone injury but a large number of the individuals from the charcoal-filtered treatment showed physical symptoms of ozone when indeed no ozone was present. This is an indication that what appears to be ozone damage on yellow-poplar may not be caused by ozone.
The Oakland-Berkeley Hills Fire: Lessons For The Arborist
Authors: Svihra Pavel
Published: May 2022

As the pressure of people wishing to live in urban forests continues to grow, the fire problem becomes more serious for these residents. The most recent firestorm in the densely populated Oakland-Berkeley Hills in the San Francisco Bay Area killed 25 people and destroyed 3,011 houses. Damage is currently estimated at $1.5 billion. Vegetation management is an important factor for fire speed control and a structure's survival. Effective silvicultural and arboricultural practices can change fire hazardous landscapes into safer ones in which flame intensity can be controlled by firefighters and residents have a chance to escape.
Synthesis of Ectomycorrhizae on Northern Red Oak Seedlings in a Michigan Nursery
Authors: Dixon Robert , Johnson Paul
Published: May 2022

Vegetative inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus was thoroughly mixed into fumigated nursery soil, and northern red oak seedlings of four families were evaluated one and two years after sowing for ectomycorrhizal development, growth, and nutrition. At the end of year 1, treated seedlings were successfully inoculated with S. luteus, but the percentage varied significantly with family. Suillus luteus persisted on lateral roots two years following sowing. Two of four seedling families inoculated with S. luteus were significantly larger in size than control plants. These results suggest that the fungal symbiont S. luteus can be successfully introduced into nurseries and that early ectomycorrhizal development improves the growth of northern red oak seedlings.
Diurnal Water Stress During Landscape Establishment of Slash Pine Differs Among Three Production Methods
Authors: Beeson R.C. , Gilman E.F.
Published: May 2022

Three year-old slash pine seedlings {Pinus elliottii) were transplanted from 3.8 liter (1 gal) plastic containers directly into the soil, in the soil within fabric containers, or into 57 liter (15 gal) plastic containers. After 2 yr in the nursery, trees grown by all three production methods were dug and retransplanted to a new site. Eight weeks prior to transplanting, half the soil-grown trees were root pruned. Water potential was measured on needle fascicles on a diurnal basis at least monthly after transplanting. Based on comparisons of diurnal water potential curves with nontransplanted control trees, trees which were transplanted from field soil or from fabric containers were established after 27 weeks. Trees planted from plastic containers required 35 weeks to become established.