bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Argania spinosa and Tetraclinis articulata seedling regeneration factors in the lower valley of Wadi Tamri (Morocco).
Authors: Tribak Abdellatif , IRIFI Hicham
Published: July 2024

The forest landscape of the lower valley of Wadi Tamri is a geographical space composed of interaction and perpetual dynamics elements. The degradation observed in the past results from often inadequate silvopastoral practices. Nevertheless, a light of hope for the future of this forest currently lies in the existence of the natural regeneration of the Argan and Thuya trees, the effect of the agricultural abandonment on the slopes following the rural exodus, the development of the forestry capital by the State and the impact of good management practices of natural resources adopted by the local population itself. To examine the dynamics of the forester landscape, we have prospected dozens of plots in the Argan and Thuya zones. In this sample, we counted the natural seedlings, conducted floristic surveys, and briefly described various ecological and geomorphological variables. Then, we developed a statistical database to spatialize and quantify this phenomenon with cartographic tools (GIS). The analysis of these dynamics highlighted the factors of installing young seedlings with all the necessary explanations. The results have clearly shown that the most significant families in this landscape include the Asteraceae and Fabaceae (13%), with the Lamiaceae (10%) following closely. Additionally, the Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, Cistaceae, and Anacardiaceae contribute the same percentage (5%). The remaining 18 families each constitute only 3%. Regeneration of young Argan and Thuya trees from seedlings displays varied morphologies, influenced by age and grazing effects, often accompanied by nursery plants. Rocks and blocks serve as significant shelters for seedling germination. Meanwhile, topographic analysis highlights the impact of differing slope gradients for this seedlings. Argan and Thuya seedlings both presents the highest percentage (40% and 50%) observed on mid-slopes and upper slopes. Notable presence of seedlings observed on various slope exposures, especially those facing West, North, North-West, and South-West. Field sampling reveals a correlation between natural regeneration and tree cover density, emphasizing the significance of medium-dense tree cover, even in humanized landscapes, with notable regeneration observed in abandoned terraces and formerly cultivated land in Thuya unit, showcasing ecosystem resilience in this region. Overall, this study offers a preliminary scientific foundation for further investigation into the natural regeneration of Argan and Thuya amidst ongoing climate change, while also serving as a cornerstone for decision-making in conserving these forest heritages.
Analysis of capital structure and roundaboutness. The case of colombian firms.
Authors: Rahmer Bruno de Jesus , Herrera-Vega Juan Carlos , Hernández-Palma Hugo
Published: July 2024

Standard financial theories assume that investment and financing decisions are intertwined. Investment decisions involve selecting assets that generate positive cash flows and maximize shareholder value, while financing decisions involve identifying the optimal mix of debt and equity financing to fund these investments. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the interdependence of assets and liabilities in a sample of Colombian manufacturing firms with varying degrees of roundaboutness (capital-intensive nature). This study employs canonical correlation analysis to determine the interaction between balance sheet components. Subsequently, a threshold regression model is employed to evaluate the influence of financial indicators on the financial performance of firms with heterogeneous capital intensity. The findings reveal that low-capital intensity firms match the maturity structure of assets and liabilities. In firms with low roundaboutness there is a significant relation between throughput, working capital turnover and the proportion of capital expenditure to operating cash flow with ROIC. However, this relationship becomes non-significant at high levels of indebtedness. Conversely, capital-intensive firms exhibit a mismatch between asset and liability maturities, relying on shareholders’ funds to finance longterm assets and inventories. In this group of companies, throughput is positively associated with ROIC regardless of the level of debt, whereas the relationship between working capital turnover and ROIC is not significant until a certain debt threshold is exceeded. The impact of the capital expenditure to operating cash flow ratio on ROIC varies depending on debt levels. Companies with high roundaboutness that exceeds a debt threshold experience a negative impact.
Airline Responses to the COVID-19 Collapse: Applying Learning to an Unprecedented Crisis
Authors: Greve Henrich R.
Published: July 2024

Organizational learning is a result of knowledge creation, retention, and transfer. An unanswered question in learning theory is whether learning occurs when firms face an unprecedented and urgent crisis as such events leave little time for knowledge creation, and they complicate knowledge transfer and retention. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example because it saddled firms with consequences ranging from liquidity crises to worsened strategic position, and it required urgent responses. Operational and strategic responses had to be made without recent experience from similar situations and with high uncertainty about the duration and severity of the crisis. This paper extends learning theory by developing an argument that such extreme events allow knowledge transfer and retention that current learning theory would not predict. The new predictions are tested on the airline industry, which was severely affected by the mobility restrictions imposed by states. The findings show organizational learning even when facing an unprecedented crisis, but different learning rules were used for reversible and irreversible actions, suggesting that decision makers search for adaptive choices and are mindful of their strategic consequences.

Funding: This research received funding from the Hoffman Global Institute for Business and Society.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2023.0083 .
A Paradox of Telecommuting and Staggered Work Hours in the Bottleneck Model
Authors: Sakai Takara , Akamatsu Takashi , Satsukawa Koki
Published: July 2024

We study the long- and short-term effects of telecommuting (TLC), staggered work hours (SWH), and their combined scheme on peak-period congestion and location patterns. In order to enable a unified comparison of the schemes’ long- and short-term effects, we develop a novel equilibrium analysis approach that consistently synthesizes the long-term equilibrium (location and percentage of telecommuting choice) and short-term equilibrium (preferred arrival time and departure time choice). By exploiting their special mathematical structures similar to optimal transport problems, we derive the closed-form solution to the long- and short-term equilibrium while explicitly considering their interaction. These closed-form solutions elucidate the discrepancies between the effects of each scheme and uncover a paradoxical finding: the introduction of SWH, in conjunction with TLC, may increase the total commuting costs compared with the scenario with only TLC, without yielding any improvement in worker utility.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on ISTTT25 Conference.

Funding: This work was supported by Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), the 3rd period of SIP “Smart Infrastructure Management System” [Grant JPJ012187] (Funding agency: PublicWorks Research Institute, Japan). This work was also supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [Grants JP20J21744, JP21H01448, JP24K00999, JP20K14843, and JP23K13418] and the Support Program for Urban Studies of the Obayashi Foundation.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2024.0520 .
Nombrar el bosque y la fauna en Tepehúan
Authors: Ramos-Luna Jorge , Sandoval-Comte Adriana , Gallina-Tessaro Sonia
Published: July 2024

Bhammɨni dhɨr jix joi’ñdha’ am nam tu io’da’ gu suismalh na pai’ sabaar dɨɨbon gu suudai’ // A los venados les gusta tomar agua de aquel manantial donde sale mucha agua. Frase tomada del Diccionario Tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango, compilado por Willet y Willet, 2016.
Los tlacuaches; sobrevivientes de ciudades, autopistas y personas
Authors: López-Castilla Héctor M. J. , Barahona-Códova Abigail , Arellano-Martín Fernando
Published: July 2024

Algunos mamíferos son observados particularmente por su belleza, aunque otros que son menos atractivos pueden tener grandes virtudes. Tal es el caso de un mamífero de talla mediana que vive en constante lucha por sobrevivir y seguir cumpliendo su rol en el ecosistema.
Curiosity and Digital Stories: Exploring Preschoolers’ Behaviors
Authors: Gkantia Eleni , Dinas Kostas D.
Published: July 2024

Given curiosity’s fundamental role in motivation and learning and considering the widespread use of digital stories as educational tools from the preschool age, we pursued measuring preschoolers’ curiosity when interacting with digital stories. Using 129 toddlers and preschoolers as a sample, three groups (one for each class) were given different versions of the same digital story to listen to: interactive, non-interactive, and animated. Toddlers' verbal and nonverbal behaviors were utilized to quantify curiosity as a condition brought on by the app. The participants' verbal and nonverbal behaviors were recorded during the digital reading aloud. Every child's data was encoded at one-minute intervals to examine concurrent behavior, and the results were then compiled. The findings show that interactive presentation formats encourage more touching and language use but less noise production and that interaction and the creative use of hot spots in digital illustrations are key elements in piquing viewers' curiosity while contributing to the strengthening of the engagement to the activity and the cultivation of critical thinking, creativity, and imagination.
Nemateriální faktory působící na sjednané ceny rodinných domů v Brně
Authors: Doležalová Monika , Pospíšil Karel
Published: July 2024

Článek se zabývá problematikou související s cenami nemovitostí, konkrétně vlivem vytipovaných nemateriálních faktorů na cenu rodinných domů. Pro účely tohoto článku nemateriálními faktory rozumíme takové faktory, které nemají původ v nemovitosti samotné, nýbrž jsou odvozeny od jejího umístění, popřípadě od jejího okolí. Materiální faktory jsou pak ty, které souvisejí s velikostí domu i pozemku, s jeho provedením a stavem apod. 
Pro vytipování relevantních faktorů byly využity rešerše publikací, včetně zahraničních, a také informace z již dříve provedených výzkumů a sociologických studií zabývajících se bydlením v Brně. Inspirativním zdrojem informací byl i archiv znaleckých posudků Ústavu soudního inženýrství. Provedena byla analýza veřejně dostupných inzerátů rodinných domů s cílem zjistit, jaké vlastnosti inzerenti považují za podstatné při popisu nabízených nemovitostí.
Zájmovou oblastí prezentovaného článku je město Brno. Důvodem pro volbu této lokality je znalecká praxe autorů článku v oboru oceňování nemovitostí zejména v tomto území. Konečná databáze obsahuje 147 prodejů rodinných domů. V databázi je posuzováno celkem dvanáct nemateriálních faktorů. V analýze jsou zahrnuty rovněž materiální faktory, které byly zvoleny tak, aby výstižně charakterizovaly rodinný dům.
Těžištěm článku je mnohorozměrný lineární regresní model s metodou odhadu OLS (metodou nejmenších čtverců) popisující závislost ceny na vysvětlujících proměnných (v této práci označovaných jako faktory). Po konfrontaci získaných dat s regresním modelem byla potvrzena hypotéza, že alespoň jeden nemateriální faktor je pro cenu rodinných domů na zvolené hladině významnosti statisticky významný. Rovněž se potvrdil předpoklad hypotézy, že nemateriální faktory jsou v součtu intenzity svého působení s to vysvětlit alespoň 10 % ceny rodinného domu.
Přepočet obvyklé ceny stavebních prací k jinému datu
Authors: Háva Karla
Published: July 2024

Článek souvisí s oceněním stavebních materiálů a prací obvyklou cenou. Výše těchto nákladů je v praxi často dovozována kalkulací nákladů pomocí směrných cen.
Článek se zabývá způsoby přepočtu obvyklé ceny stavebních prací z jednoho data k datu jinému, tedy přepočtem do jiné cenové úrovně s ohledem na změny cen stavebních prací v čase. Zaměřuje se na cenové indexy a na příkladu přecenění rozpočtu stavebního objektu ukazuje jejich použití v praxi.
Přepočet ceny je proveden opětovným přeceněním položkového rozpočtu směrnými cenami v nové cenové úrovni a čtyřmi způsoby indexace. Protože jsou směrné ceny ve znaleckých posudcích znalci uvažovány za ceny obvyklé ve stavebnictví v ČR, je rozpočet ve směrných cenách ve výši obvyklé ceny uvažován jako verifikační hodnota pro indexované ceny rozpočtu.
Pro zjištění současného stavu poznání o dané tématice byla provedena literární rešerše. Literární rešerše odhalila několik souvisejících výzkumů, avšak žádný z nich se nezabýval výzkumnými otázkami tohoto článku.
Z výsledků výzkumu zabývajícího se analýzou změny obvyklé ceny stavebních prací v čase vyplývá, že indexace cen stavebních prací funguje za optimálních podmínek na trhu. Pokud se výrazně mění tržní podmínky, potom indexaci cen pro přecenění není vhodné použít a je při přepočtu ceny do nové cenové úrovně zapotřebí opětovně vypočítat náklady na stavební práce. Vypočítaný průměrný rozdíl indexovaných cen oproti ceně položkového rozpočtu v nové cenové úrovni byl vypočítán 15 % z ceny položkového rozpočtu.
Praktické uplatnění článku autorka spatřuje v prohloubení poznání o možnosti využití indexace cen. Znalci tato zjištění mohou uplatnit například při stanovení obvyklé ceny stavebních prací při zjištění nákladů na opravu či stanovení víceprací či méněprací.
Non-degenerate two-photon imaging of deep rodent cortex using indocyanine green in the water absorption window
Authors: Tomar Alankrit , Engelmann Shaun A. , Woods Aaron L. , Dunn Andrew K.
Published: July 2024

We present a novel approach for deep vascular imaging in rodent cortex at excitation wavelengths susceptible to water absorption using two-photon microscopy with photons of dissimilar wavelengths. We demonstrate that non-degenerate two-photon excitation (ND-2PE) enables imaging in the water absorption window from 1400-1550 nm using two excitation sources with temporally overlapped pulses at 1300 nm and 1600 nm that straddle the absorption window. We explore the brightness spectra of indocyanine green (ICG) and assess its suitability for imaging in the water absorption window. Further, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of the rodent cortex vascular structure up to 1.2 mm using ND-2PE. Lastly, a comparative analysis of ND-2PE at 1435 nm and single-wavelength, two-photon imaging at 1300 nm and 1435 nm is presented. Our work extends the excitation range for fluorescent dyes to include water absorption regimes and underscores the feasibility of deep two-photon imaging at these wavelengths.
Stochastic Gauss-Newton method for estimating absorption and scattering in optical tomography with the Monte Carlo method for light transport
Authors: Kangasniemi Jonna , Mozumder Meghdoot , Pulkkinen Aki , Tarvainen Tanja
Published: July 2024

Image reconstruction in optical tomography in the so-called transport regime, where the diffusion approximation is not valid, requires modeling of light transport using the radiative transfer equation. In this work, we approach this problem by utilizing the Monte Carlo method for light transport. In this work, we propose a methodology for absolute imaging of absorption and scattering in this regime utilizing a Monte Carlo method for light transport. The image reconstruction problem is formulated as a minimization problem that is solved using a stochastic Gauss-Newton method. In the construction of the Jacobian matrix for scattering, a perturbation approximation for Monte Carlo is utilized. The approach is evaluated with numerical simulations using an adaptive approach where the number of photon packets is adjusted during the iterations, and with different fixed numbers of photon packets. The simulations show that the Monte Carlo method for light transport can be utilized in the absolute imaging problem of optical tomography and that the absorption and scattering parameters can be estimated simultaneously with good accuracy.
MIR laser CEP estimation using machine learning concepts in bulk high harmonic generation
Authors: Diveki Zsolt , Nagyillés Balázs , Nagy Gergely , Kiss Balint , Cormier Eric , Földi Peter , Varju Katalin , Kahaly Subhendu , Kahaly Mousumi Upadhyay
Published: July 2024

Monitoring the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) is of paramount importance for experiments involving few cycle intense laser fields. Common measurement techniques include f-2f interferometry or stereo-ATI setups. These approaches are adequate, but are challenging to implement on demand, at different locations as additional metrology tools, in intense few cycle laser-matter interaction experiments, such as those prevalent in sophisticated user beamlines. In addition there are inherent difficulties for CEP measured at non-conventional laser wavelengths (like e.g. mid infrared) and measurements above 10 kHz laser repetition rates, on single shot basis. Here we demonstrate both by simulations and by experiments a machine learning (ML) driven method for CEP estimation in the mid infrared, which is readily generalizable for any laser wavelength and possibly up to MHz repetition rates. The concept relies on the observation of the spectrum of high harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk material and the use of ML techniques to estimate the CEP of the laser. Once the ML model is trained, the method provides a way for cheap and compact real-time CEP tagging. This technique can complement the otherwise sophisticated monitoring of CEP, and is able to capture the complex correlation between the CEP and the observable HHG spectra.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of the Ethiopian national cancer control plan strategies: Implications for cervical cancer services in Ethiopia
Authors: Hussein Kemal , Wafula Francis , Kassie Getnet Mitike , Kokwaro Gilbert
Published: July 2024

Following an upsurge in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, Ethiopia developed its first National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP) to support efforts toward the prevention and control of cancer. The NCCP outlines strategies for reducing the incidence of cancer through prevention, screening, early diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care. This study examined barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the NCCP using a qualitative approach. The study entailed doing key informant interviews and reviewing secondary data. Using customized topic guidelines, fifteen interviews were conducted covering a wide range of topics, including political commitment, priority setting, interagency cooperation, the role of evidence, citizen empowerment, and incentives. All interviews were recorded (with consent), transcribed in Amharic, and then translated into English for thematic analysis. Review of secondary data focused on establishing the NCCP’s implementation status for HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening, and treatment, and strategic links to five other national policy documents centered on public awareness, cervical cancer services, HPV immunization, and sexually transmitted infections control. We found that in 2022, 55% of eligible Ethiopian women were screened for cervical cancer (against the annual target), with roughly half of those with a positive result receiving treatment. Overall, 900,000 (8.4%) of the 10.7 million eligible women in the country underwent screening. The study revealed inadequate implementation of the NCCP strategies toward achieving the WHO’s 90-70-90 cervical cancer targets by 2030. A key positive strategy was the involvement of high-ranking government officials in the National Cancer Committee, which aided the NCCP implementation. On the other hand, inadequate political support, funding constraints, suboptimal public messaging, lack of incentives, and inadequate partnership arrangements emerged as important barriers. We recommend that decision-makers intensify coordinated efforts, prioritize dealing with identified challenges and optimizing facilitators, and mobilize additional resources to enhance cervical cancer services in Ethiopia.
Constructing prediction models and analyzing factors in suicidal ideation using machine learning, focusing on the older population
Authors: Jung Hyun Woo , Jang Jin Su
Published: July 2024

Suicide among the older population is a significant public health concern in South Korea. As the older individuals have long considered suicide before committing suicide trials, it is important to analyze the suicidal ideation that precedes the suicide attempt for intervention. In this study, six machine learning algorithms were employed to construct a predictive model for suicidal thinking and identify key variables. A traditional logistic regression analysis was supplementarily conducted to test the robustness of the results of machine learning. All analyses were conducted using a hierarchical approach to compare the model fit of each model in both machine learning and logistic regression. Three models were established for analysis. In Model 1, socioeconomic, residential, and health behavioral factors were incorporated. Model 2 expanded upon Model 1 by integrating physical health status, and Model 3 further incorporated mental health conditions. The results indicated that the gradient boosting algorithm outperformed the other machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the household income quintile was the most important feature in Model 1, followed by subjective health status, oral health, and exercise ability in Model 2, and anxiety and depression in Model 3. These results correspond to those of the hierarchical logistic regression. Notably, economic and residential vulnerabilities are significant factors in the mental health of the older population with higher instances of suicidal thoughts. This hierarchical approach could reveal the potential target population for suicide interventions.
Pilot study comparing sleep logs to a commercial wearable device in describing the sleep patterns of physicians-in-training
Authors: Hassinger Amanda B. , Kwon Misol , Wang Jia , Mishra Archana , Wilding Gregory E.
Published: July 2024

With the increasing burden of professional burnout in physicians, attention is being paid to optimizing sleep health, starting in training. The multiple dimensions of physicians’ sleep are not well described due to obstacles to easily and reliably measuring sleep. This pilot study tested the feasibility of using commercial wearable devices and completing manual sleep logs to describe sleep patterns of medical students and residents. Prospective pilot study of 50 resident physicians and medical students during a single year of training. Participants completed a manual sleep log while concurrently wearing the Fitbit Inspire device for 14-consecutive days over three clinical rotations of varying work schedules: light, medium, and heavy clinical rotations. Study completion was achieved in 24/50 (48%) participants. Overall correlation coefficients between the sleep log and Fitbit were statistically low; however, the discrepancies were acceptable, i.e., Fitbit underestimated time in bed and total sleep time by 4.3 and 2.7 minutes, respectively. Sleep onset time and waketime were within 8 minutes, with good agreement. Treatment of sleep episodes during the day led to variance in the data. Average missingness of collected data did not vary between medical students or residents or by rotation type. When comparing the light to heavy rotations, hours slept went from 7.7 (±0.64) to 6.7 (±0.88), quality-of-life and sleep health decreased and stress, burnout, and medical errors increased. Burnout was significantly associated with worse sleep health, hours worked, and quality-of-life. Prospective data collection of sleep patterns using both sleep logs and commercial wearable devices is burdensome for physicians-in-training. Using commercial wearable devices may increase study success as long as attention is paid to daytime sleep. In future studies investigating the sleep of physicians, the timing of data collection should account for rotation type.
Self-learning activation functions to increase accuracy of privacy-preserving Convolutional Neural Networks with homomorphic encryption
Authors: Pulido-Gaytan Bernardo , Tchernykh Andrei
Published: July 2024

The widespread adoption of cloud computing necessitates privacy-preserving techniques that allow information to be processed without disclosure. This paper proposes a method to increase the accuracy and performance of privacy-preserving Convolutional Neural Networks with Homomorphic Encryption (CNN-HE) by Self-Learning Activation Functions (SLAF). SLAFs are polynomials with trainable coefficients updated during training, together with synaptic weights, for each polynomial independently to learn task-specific and CNN-specific features. We theoretically prove its feasibility to approximate any continuous activation function to the desired error as a function of the SLAF degree. Two CNN-HE models are proposed: CNN-HE-SLAF and CNN-HE-SLAF-R. In the first model, all activation functions are replaced by SLAFs, and CNN is trained to find weights and coefficients. In the second one, CNN is trained with the original activation, then weights are fixed, activation is substituted by SLAF, and CNN is shortly re-trained to adapt SLAF coefficients. We show that such self-learning can achieve the same accuracy 99.38% as a non-polynomial ReLU over non-homomorphic CNNs and lead to an increase in accuracy (99.21%) and higher performance (6.26 times faster) than the state-of-the-art CNN-HE CryptoNets on the MNIST optical character recognition benchmark dataset.
Role of social media to improve job performance with mediating role of transactive memory capability and employee creativity
Authors: Fu Jingyu
Published: July 2024

The increased usage of social media in organizational settings has raised questions about its effect on job performance. This study explains the interplay between social media usage, transactive memory capability, employee creativity, and job performance within the Chinese organizational context. The rationale for this study stems from the need to understand how social media usage can enhance job performance through cognitive and creative processes within teams. On the basis of earlier literature, the survey questionnaire was designed to collect data and the survey included validated scales to measure these constructs. The data is collected from 816 employees in China via online resources like social media and emails and then Structural Equation Modeling is used for empirical analysis through AMOS software. The findings show the positive impact of social media on job performance while transactive memory capability and employee creativity mediates this relationship. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how social media can be leveraged to improve job performance. Practical implications highlight the importance of fostering transactive memory capability through social media platforms, facilitating employee creativity, and ultimately, bolstering job performance. Additionally, this study underscores the need for organizations to strategically harness the potential of social media as a catalyst for innovation and knowledge sharing, thus optimizing workforce performance in the digital era.
A PROGRESS-driven approach to cognitive outcomes after traumatic brain injury: A study protocol for advancing equity, diversity, and inclusion through knowledge synthesis and mobilization
Authors: Sant’Ana Thaisa Tylinski , Hanafy Sara , Fuller-Thomson Esme , McDonald Michelle , Colantonio Angela , Cee Daìthì , McGettrick Gráinne , Lawlor Brian , Mollayeva Tatyana
Published: July 2024

Evidence syntheses for advancing equitable traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, policy, and practice presents formidable challenges. Research and clinical frameworks are currently not specific to equity, diversity, and inclusion considerations, despite evidence that persons with TBI live in societies in which power imbalances and systems of social dominance may privilege some people and marginalize others. The present protocol outlines a strategy for a research program, supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, that explores the integration of PROGRESS-Plus parameters in research with the goal of advancing open-science databases and tools to improve our understanding of equity in cognitive and brain health outcomes in TBI. PROGRESS-Plus is a framework outlining social, economic, and cultural parameters that may influence health opportunities and outcomes (e.g., place of residence, race, occupation, gender, etc.). A multistep research program is proposed to support three objectives: (1) organizing existing data on TBI-induced changes in cognition and brain health into a template to facilitate future research, including research using machine learning techniques; (2) updating published evidence with a more rigorous approach to the consideration of PROGRESS-Plus parameters; and (3) mobilizing knowledge on the current state of evidence that is relevant, equitable, and accessible. This program facilitates partnerships with knowledge users across clinical, research, academic, and community sectors to address the three research objectives through a unifying workflow of exchange, synthesis, and knowledge mobilization. We anticipate that this global collaboration between topic experts and community leaders in equity in brain health will add significant value to the field of TBI by promoting equity-transformative advancements in knowledge synthesis, policy, and practice.
Children’s questions and teachers’ responses about COVID-19 in Türkiye and the US
Authors: Ünlütabak Burcu , Trujillo Hernandez Graciela , Velioğlu İlayda , Menendez David , Rosengren Karl S.
Published: July 2024

Question-asking is a crucial tool for acquiring information about unseen entities, such as viruses; thus, examining children’s questions within the context of COVID-19 is particularly important for understanding children’s learning about the coronavirus. The study examined 3-12-year-old children’s questions and teachers’ responses about the COVID-19 pandemic in Türkiye, a non-Western developing context, and the United States, a Western cultural context. A total of 119 teachers from Türkiye and 95 teachers from the US participated in the study. Teachers completed an online survey consisting of a demographic form and a questionnaire asking them to report three questions about COVID-19 asked by children in their classrooms and their responses to these questions. We analyzed children’s questions and teachers’ responses for their type and content and examined demographic factors associated with children’s questions and teachers’ responses. Consistent with the literature, children from Türkiye asked fewer explanation-seeking (i.e., why/how) questions than children from the United States. Children asked questions about viruses and precautions. Teachers responded to children’s questions realistically in both countries. The findings have important implications for how children gain knowledge from teachers when discussing health, disease, and virus topics in two countries.
The role of different acoustic environmental stimuli on manual dexterity
Authors: Adamo Paola , Fassi Anna , Temporiti Federico , De Leo Davide , Marino Giorgia , Furlan Raffaello , Barbic Franca , Gatti Roberto , Barajon Isabella
Published: July 2024

Music has been reported to facilitate motor performance. However, there is no data on the effects of different acoustic environmental stimuli on manual dexterity. The present observational study aimed at investigating the effects of background music and noise on a manual dexterity task in young, middle-aged and elderly subjects. Sixty healthy, right-handed subjects aged between 18 and 80 years were enrolled. Twenty young (mean age: 22±2 years), 20 middle-aged (mean age: 55±8 years) and 20 elderly (mean age: 72±5 years) subjects performed the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) in four different acoustic environments: silence (noise < 20dBA), classical music at 60dBA, rock music at 70 dBA, and a noise stimulus at 80dBA. Performance was recorded using an optical motion capture system and retro-reflective markers (SMART DX, 400, BTS). Outcome measures included the total test time and peg-grasp, peg-transfer, peg-in-hole, hand-return, and removing phases times. Normalized jerk, mean and peak of velocity during transfer and return phases were also computed. No differences were found for NHPT phases and total times, normalized jerk, peak of velocity and mean velocity between four acoustic conditions (p>0.05). Between-group differences were found for NHPT total time, where young subjects revealed better performance than elderly (p˂0.001) and middle-aged (p˂0.001) groups. Music and noise stimuli in the considered range of intensity had no influence on the execution of a manual dexterity task in young, middle-aged and elderly subjects. These findings may have implications for working, sportive and rehabilitative activities.
Analysis and optimization of a Stochastic Petri Net for air-rail intermodal transportation
Authors: Lei Yihu , Mu Haibo
Published: July 2024

Air-rail intermodal transportation (ARIT) plays a crucial role in China’s intermodal transportation system. This study aims to model and optimize issues such as inefficiency and complexity in China’s ARIT freight transportation using Business Process Reengineering and Stochastic Petri Nets theories. The Petri Net (PN) model for incoming freight transport in ARIT is based on actual operations, employing a new method involving Stochastic Petri Nets and isomorphic Markov Chains theory for performance analysis. Performance analysis results help intuitively identify areas needing optimization. Based on optimization principles, elements such as railway container packaging are improved, resulting in an optimized PN model for ARIT. Finally, data analysis shows that the optimized ARIT model reduces total delay by 7.7% compared to the original. This demonstrates that the new method, combining Markov Chain performance analysis and optimization principles, is feasible and effective for ARIT optimization.
Dr Hunter S. Thompson’s horrible letter opener: A study in object identity, adaptation and prop selection
Authors: Arp Don
Published: July 2024

Objects can have rich, complex stories of themselves as items or play a crucial role in telling the tale of another. This article traces the hunting knife from Hunter S. Thompson’s Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as it is contacted by sources of influence and experiences transitions and re-definitions starting with the original tapes recorded by Thompson during the trip, through his original article and book and continuing to include spec scripts, the final movie script and performances on both stage and screen. The hunting knife plays a significant role in certain scenes across all these mediums, one that is a mix of form vs. function and is so complicated that no visual depiction yet has used the actual knife noted in the text because its appearance does not match the emotional dread conjured by the text. This article engages questions of accuracy and narrative truth as it explores the depiction of the weapon and the complicated interface of object identity and adaptation in the material culture of literature and visual performance.
The Lesson and/or the master: Alex MacKeith and writing today
Authors: Ue Tom
Published: July 2024

In this interview, award-winning musical comedian Alex MacKeith and I examine his screenplay for Alice Troughton’s new film The Lesson (2023). MacKeith goes over his creative process, from his incorporation of some of his experiences as a tutor following university to his development of individual characters, and from his project’s growth and improvement across successive drafts to the kinds of affirmation that he gets from his work in musical comedy in comparison to his work in scriptwriting. We go on to discuss his magnificent central character: the writer J. M. Sinclair (Richard E. Grant). The film follows Liam (Daryl McCormack), a young writer hired to prepare Sinclair’s son (Stephen McMillan) for Oxford, but as it unfolds, we learn, alongside Liam, about Sinclair’s personal and public lives. Sinclair’s wife Hélène (Julie Delpy) hired Liam specifically to investigate him. A living cliché, Sinclair is claiming credit for work that really belongs to his deceased son Felix (Joseph Meurer). For this film, MacKeith was longlisted for a British Independent Film Award. It has been described by Stephen King as being ‘[c]old, smart, and suspenseful’ and it is a New York Times’s Critics Pick. In this climate, when conversations about originality, notably the place of artificial intelligence in creative and critical projects, are all the rage, this interview’s exploration of authorship, intellectual property and retirement for creatives is especially timely.
A professzori szerepek történeti különbözőségei
Authors: Pétervari Kinga
Published: July 2024

Hagyományos elképzelés a magyar jogtudományban, hogy a magyar jog – a némethez hasonlóan – jogtudósok által fejlesztett jog, ún. Professorenrecht. E tétel szerint a jogászprofesszoroknak, azaz az egyetemi elitnek lenne a legnagyobb befolyása a jogalkotásban. Az alábbiakban a jogászprofesszorokról, befolyásukról és szerepükről lesz szó a magánjogi jogalkotásban egyfelől történeti (1989-ig), másfelől szociológiai szempontból. Kétségtelen, hogy az egyetemi jogi elitnek a legnagyobb a szociológiai esélye arra, hogy az elvárt (jog) tudományosságot, az igényelt objektivitást vagy legalábbis racionalitást (indokolást) vagy hatékonyságot a jogrendszerben a tudományosság köntösébe bújtatva biztosítani tudja saját érdekeit. Az én tézisem ezzel szemben az, hogy az egyetemi elit befolyása ugyan nem kérdőjelezhető meg, a helyzet azonban ettől sokkal összetettebben alakult a magyar történelem során, nem utolsósorban éppen a magyar – egyetemi – jogászképzés kései bevezetése, illetve kései elterjedése miatt.
„A végvárrá lett alföldi metropolis”
Authors: Fenyő Imre
Published: July 2024

A debreceni egyetem az első világháborút követő években nehéz helyzetben kényszerült megküzdeni az indulásnehézségeivel, a háború okozta krízissel, majd a trianoni békeszerződés hatására megváltozott feltételekkel.Írásunkban röviden áttekintjük azokat a nehézségeket, melyek ebben a helyzetben a debreceni egyetem számárakihívást jelentettek. A hallgatói létszám változásai, a beiskolázási terület átalakulása, az infrastrukturálisfejlesztések lelassulása, az egyetemnek profilt adni hivatott egyetempolitikai koncepció kudarca mind ilyennehézségek, melyek egyenként is komoly kihívást jelentettek volna az indulás nehézségével küzdő egyetemnek,de közel egyidőben felmerülve, tetézve a világháború traumájával, szinte leküzdhetetlen teherként nehezedtekaz egyetemi közösség vállára. Ennek a traumatikus helyzetnek a feldolgozásához járultak hozzá azoka szimbolikus gesztusok, melyekben a közösség ünnepi alkalmain szembenézett saját problémáival a változópolitikai környezet nehézségeivel, traumáival és tragédiáival. Elemzésünkben bemutatjuk azt az ünnepimegemlékezés-sorozatot, melyen egy évtized múltával háborús önkénteseire, illetve a háború áldozataira emlékezettaz egyetemi közösség, majd áttekintjük azt az ünnepibeszéd-sorozatot, melyben a trianoni szerződés keltettesokkal kívánt szembenézni a debreceni egyetem. Az ünnepi beszédeket egy diskurzussá fűzve annak lehetünktanúi, ahogyan az egymást követő években a trianoni békére emlékező egyetemi professzorok eltérő megközelítéseialapján egy igen színes mező rajzolódik ki a debreceni egyetem Trianon-képeként, a szakszerű jogászimegközelítéstől a személyes indulatokig, a prófétai meggyőződéstől a liberális bizalomig terjedő skálán.
The Qualitative Study Experience of Collective Training Programs among Doctor Helicopter Emergency Medical Workers: Focus Group Interview
Authors: Kim Mi Yeon , Hwang Yong ,   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of Doctor Helicopter Emergency Medical Workers in collective training programs. Data collection was conducted through focus group interviews with six Emergency Medical Workers from March 25 to April 1, 2021. Analysis of data collected from in-depth interviews and field notes revealed that the collective education experiences of these professionals consist of three main themes and seven sub-themes: 1) Perfunctory gateway education, 2) Inflexible competency, 3) Non-implementation of quality management. According to the results of this study, the collective training programs for Emergency Medical Workers were merely perfunctory basic education. There is a need for new, field-applicable collective training programs that are practical and capable of enhancing teamwork and individual skills among Doctor Helicopter emergency medical workers. To establish a safe air transport system, it is necessary to provide scientific and systematic education that reflects on-site demands, along with quality management.
PENGARUH KECEMASAN DI PERPUSTAKAAN TERHADAP PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI PEMUSTAKA PADA PERPUSTAKAAN UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rahayu Annisa , Rohmadi Djazim
Published: July 2024

This research examines how anxiety influences fulfilling users' information needs at the UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Library. This research uses a quantitative method using a sample of 100 active student respondents at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta with a purposive sampling technique. The analysis results show that the anxiety variable's coefficient of determination on meeting needs is 0.642. These results show that the influence of anxiety on fulfilling information needs in the UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Library is 64.2%. The nature of the impact of these two variables is positive, where the simple linear regression equation is Y = 4.203 – 0.334X. The results of hypothesis testing show a rcalculate of 13.268. These results show results that are greater than. This research concludes that library anxiety significantly and positively influences meeting information needs.
Influência dos fatores etiológicos e passos técnicos no sucesso do recobrimento radicular: relato de caso
Authors: Sementille Maria Carolina Candosin , Calefi Mariana Souza , Santos Caique Andrade , Cavallieri Rafael Sponchiado , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti
Published: July 2024

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente artigo é relatar um caso clínico que destaca a importância do planejamento prévio da cirurgia de recobrimento radicular e da remoção de fatores locais, enfatizando a relevância dos passos técnicos para o sucesso do tratamento. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Paciente do sexo masculino, 25 anos de idade, com retrações gengivais bilaterais, apresentando dois cenários cirúrgicos diferentes: no lado direito, uma área cirúrgica mais desafiadora, com inserção marginal da brida e envolvimento de molares; já no lado esquerdo, a inserção da brida apresentou-se ligeiramente mais apical, e a abordagem envolveu caninos e pré-molares. Foram planejados procedimentos de recobrimento radicular bilateralmente, com enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial associado ao deslizamento coronal do retalho, sendo que bridectomias bilaterais foram realizadas previamente. RESULTADOS: Após 90 dias da cirurgia de recobrimento, no lado direito observou-se recobrimento radicular parcial das retrações gengivais nos pré-molares e primeiro molar, com inserção da brida na altura da linha mucogengival; e no lado esquerdo observou-se recobrimento radicular completo no canino e segundo pré-molar e parcial no primeiro pré-molar, com ausência de inserção da brida. CONCLUSÕES: Esse caso evidencia a importância do planejamento prévio e da identificação de fatores locais que podem influenciar o sucesso do recobrimento radicular; além disso, destaca a relevância dos passos técnicos, como a escolha adequada da sutura, na obtenção de resultados satisfatórios. Essas considerações são fundamentais para aumentar a eficácia do tratamento e garantir previsibilidade na cirurgia.
Avaliação da acurácia de métodos utilizados para odontometria
Authors: Mazucatto Queiroz Polyane , Nogueira Anacleto Felipe , Machado Santaella Gustavo , Henrique Da-Silva Diogo , Marzola De-Souza-Bueno Stefani , Affonso De-Almeida José Flávio , Queiroz Freitas Deborah
Published: July 2024

Introdução: Determinar o comprimento atual do dente, conhecido como odontometria, é de fundamental importância para o sucesso e longevidade do tratamento endodôntico. Objetivo: Comparar a precisão de três técnicas disponíveis para realizar a odontometria: radiografia periapical, imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) e localizador apical. Material e Métodos: Vinte dentes unirradiculares foram utilizados e posicionados em um alvéolo para obtenção de radiografias periapicais e imagens de TCFC. A odontometria foi realizada nas imagens obtidas. Em um modelo de alginato, a determinação do comprimento de trabalho foi realizada utilizando quatro modelos de localizadores apicais (Novapex, Mini Root ZX II, Root ZX II e VDW Gold). O padrão-ouro foi obtido em um microscópio óptico, utilizando uma lima endodôntica #15 de 31 mm de comprimento e um paquímetro digital. As diferentes técnicas de odontometria foram comparadas pelas medidas obtidas, por meio da análise de variância de uma via com pós-teste de Dunnett e Tukey, considerando p=0,05%. Resultados: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) nos valores obtidos pela radiografia periapical em relação ao padrão-ouro. As medidas obtidas com os localizadores apicais e imagens de TCFC não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05) em relação ao padrão-ouro. Conclusão: Os localizadores apicais e as imagens de TCFC mostraram-se como métodos mais precisos para realizar a odontometria. Portanto, na prática clínica, sempre que possível, os localizadores apicais devem ser utilizados para determinar o comprimento de trabalho, pois é uma técnica precisa que não expõe o paciente à radiação ionizante.