bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Principal Practices and Music Educator Perceptions Regarding Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Berberick David M. , Clementson Casey J. , Hawkinson Jennifer K. , Rolandson David M.
Published: April 2017

Although teacher evaluation systems have become increasingly tied to school accountability through legislative mandates, music educators are concerned that they are not being evaluated in ways that are authentic to their content or practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of music teacher evaluation from 2 perspectives: principal and music teacher. Survey results indicated that, while principals and music teachers agreed that evaluative criteria measuring general traits of effective teaching were important, music teachers desired evaluative criteria focused on music-specific content and pedagogy. Both music teachers and principals shared ideas to improve music teacher evaluation, including the need for evaluators with music-content expertise. Music teachers also voiced logistical and practical concerns about measuring student growth in their settings. Recommendations include encouraging music teacher involvement in designing new evaluation procedures.
A la memòria de John J. Gumperz: un record personal a dues veus
Authors: Calsamiglia Helena , Tuson Amparo
Published: April 2017

En aquest text a dues veus, les autores recorden la seva etapa de formació sota el guiatge del Professor John J. Gumperz i els inicis de l’Anàlisi del Discurs a Catalunya. L’article fa un esment especial de les “Converses amb John J. Gumperz” que l’any 1997 van tenir lloc a Barcelona, a l’edifici de la UPF de La Rambla. Els enregistraments i transcripcions de les converses estan a disposició pública a:  https://gumperz.wordpress.com/.
„Etyka praktyczna”, otwartość i dramat rozumienia. Uwagi o relacji filozofii
i pedagogiki
Authors: Reut Maria
Published: April 2017

The article analyses chosen extracts from the debate about philosophical qualities of pedagogical
thinking. It presents the possibility of ethical reflection inspired by contemporary hermeneutical
philosophy. This hermeneutical perspective comprehends understanding not only as
one of the kinds of cognitive behaviour, but also as a way of being of a subject. The dilemma,
dramatic quality and openness of pedagogical activity are underlined, as well as the impossibility
of boiling down the justifications of that activity to the sphere of applications of theories.
It indicates that hermeneutics opened (pedagogical) thinking towards such perspective on
the relationship between the external order and duty and action, which frees from both: the
dichotomy of romantic release versus passive subjection, as well as from the dilemma of
the rational emancipation versus conditioned consent to surrender. It does not, however, give an
external solution and does not diminish the importance of choice. It emphasises the individual
character of moral choice and the importance of freedom and at the same time does not leave
the man on his or her own. Ricoeur’s wounded cogito (cogito blessé) – as it is highlighted – is not
an abandoned, lonely subject.
Filozofia a pedagogika. Współzależności i granice
Authors: Gałkowski Stanisław
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to determine the status of philosophy of education among the other philosophical disciplines and to consider its place within the framework of pedagogical sciences. The relationship between pedagogy and philosophy has been analysed with emphasis on the conditions to be met by philosophy that it could be useful as an instrument helping in reflection on education. The article also discusses the way in which could be useful. Successively, the question in posed on how data obtained during the pedagogical reflection can influence philosophy itself. In conclusion, referring to the achievements of Alasdair MacIntyre, an attempt to draw philosophical procedures allowing to assess given pedagogical concepts is presented.
Pedagogika osłaniająca. O filozoficznych przesłankach praktyki
pedagogicznej przedszkola waldorfskiego
Authors: Więckowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

The aim of the article is to present the philosophical reasons of the pedagogical practice of
Waldorf kindergartens that result from the anthroposophical anthropology of Rudolf Steiner.
The author focuses on the notion of ‘envelope’ in Waldorf education. The metaphor of a protecting
envelope is described in the context of space and time of Waldorf kindergarten
and relationships between educator and a child. Those relationships – in the light of anthroposophical
conception of human fate – are based on the trust brought by the child from the
spiritual world. This trust appears by the child’s capacity to imitate. The author gives examples
of pedagogical activities which help to protect and cultivate this child’s inner capacity by the
envelopes of warmth, action, rhythm and word.
Can we educate a genius? Deliberations on the margins of the writings of Nietzsche
Authors: Gurczyńska-Sady Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.
Platoński program wychowania zdrowego obywatela
Authors: Zarewicz Daniel
Published: April 2017

Both nowadays and in the time of Plato the love and pursuit of wisdom is a means of achieving thorough well-being due to the practice of self-teaching, educating the mind and training the body. The ultimate goal of philosophical education is to achieve divine status (homoiosis theo), which is the true sense of human life. Philosophy belongs to the social and intellectual elite. Only those who are sufficiently prepared may admire and experience the influence of Eros’ teaching. The initiation into philosophy has the traits of emotional, erotic and religious mysterium, and therefore lies within reach of few.
Les hommes noirs de Montréal qui ont des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes et le racisme sexuel
Authors: Corneau Simon , Després Lyanna , Caruso Jessica , Idibouo Carlos
Published: April 2017

Les hommes d’origine afro-caribéenne qui ont des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HARSAH noirs) doivent composer avec une multitude de défis propres à leur position sociale. Utilisant l’intersectionnalité comme approche théorique et comme méthodologie, nous avons documenté lors d’une phase quantitative (n=32) que les participants ont grandement fait l’objet de racisme sexuel et doivent composer avec une certaine homonégativité à même leur communauté ethnoculturelle. Nous avons ensuite exploré qualitativement (n=12) leurs réactions face au racisme sexuel, les défis propres à leur position intersectionnelle, leurs positionnements face aux stéréotypes ethnosexuels et les mécanismes de résilience déployés pour faire face à l’adversité.
L’espace québécois du vivre-ensemble mis à l’épreuve par le débat sur la Charte des valeurs
Authors: Johnson-Lafleur Janique , Rousseau Cécile , Papazian-Zohrabian Garine , Boulanger Collette , Boubnan Hayette , Lynch Anne , Richard Anne-Marie
Published: April 2017

Cet article documente les perspectives d’intervenants de la santé et des services sociaux desservant des communautés pluriethniques de Montréal au sujet de l’impact du débat public sur le projet de Charte des valeurs proposé par le gouvernement du Québec à l’automne 2013. Les résultats suggèrent que ce débat public a eu des répercussions sur les intervenants et sur le bien-être des communautés, surtout minoritaires, mais également de la majorité. Ces résultats soulignent également que des débats sociaux suscitant la division peuvent influencer le vivre-ensemble et le rapport à l’Autre dans les services de santé et de services sociaux.
Espace disciplinaire et normativité sociale contemporaine
Authors: Glendenning Jonathan
Published: April 2017

Insite est un site d’injection supervisée destiné à la population d’usagers de drogues injectables du Downtown Eastside à Vancouver. Dans une perspective foucaldienne, cet article analyse le processus de régulation des conduites de ses usagers par la mise en oeuvre de « pratiques divisantes » et par l’implantation d’un « espace disciplinaire ». Il propose de déterminer comment Insite relaie dans leurs conduites concrètes la normativité sociale associée à la philosophie de réduction des méfaits par l’intériorisation des normes d’autonomie et de responsabilité individuelle de même que par la surveillance de l’appropriation d’une technique d’injection médicalement conforme.
L’évaluation des pratiques en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Turcotte Daniel , Mireault Gilles , Rouzeau Marc , Hirlet Philippe , Bouchard Patricia , Guédo Hélène
Published: April 2017

La France et le Québec ont une longue histoire d’intérêt réciproque pour leurs façons d’aborder la protection de l’enfance. D’abord axé sur les politiques, cet intérêt s’est ensuite déplacé sur les dispositifs et les pratiques développés pour répondre aux besoins des jeunes et de leurs familles. Ce texte s’inscrit en continuité avec cet intérêt en s’attardant à la place accordée à l’évaluation des pratiques dans chaque contexte. Il présente les résultats d’une démarche de recherche collaborative et comparée sur le déploiement de l’évaluation des pratiques (programmes, activités, services) dans le secteur de la protection de l’enfance en France et au Québec.
Two new benthicEuphilomedesKornicker, 1967 (Ostracoda, Myodocopida, Philomedidae) from the Taiwan Strait (East China Sea)
Authors: Xiang Peng , Chen Xiaoyin , Chen Ruixiang , Lin Jinghong , Wang Yu , Ye Youyin , Lin Mao
Published: April 2017

Ostracods are small bivalved crustaceans widely distributed in aquatic environments and in total 99 species have been recorded in genusEuphilomedesKornicker, 1967. In this study, we further describe two new species of benthic ostracods in this genus,Euphilomedes liuruiyiisp. nov. andEuphilomedes pentacanthossp. nov., collected from the Taiwan Strait in China. These two species can be easily distinguished from their congeners by some crucial morphological characteristics, including the carapace shape, the numbers of main and secondary furcal claws, and their arrangement of furcal claws. In addition the first antenna, endopod of second antenna, frontal organ, mandible and the seventh limb also differentiate these two species from related species.
A ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL NA CONTRAMÃO DA MEDICALIZAÇÃO: UMA CRÍTICA AO SUPOSTO TDAH
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Izabel Souza , Viégas Lygia De Sousa
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo tece críticas à medicalização do fracasso escolar, tomando como foco o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Tal suposto transtorno será analisado à luz da abordagem histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento humano, adotando Vigotski como autor de base. Para tanto, inicia apresentando sua concepção de desenvolvimento humano, para, em seguida, abordar especificamente o desenvolvimento da atenção voluntária em sua teoria. Posto isso, é possível tecer críticas à medicalização da desatenção escolar, segundo a qual alunos que não prestam atenção na aula são portadores desse suposto transtorno orgânico. Espera-se, com o artigo, contribuir com a superação da medicalização da educação.
MARXISMO, LUTA DE CLASSES E OPRESSÕES: A EDUCAÇÃO EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Bertoldo Edna
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo busca responder à seguinte questão: nos dias atuais, a luta de classes pode ser analisada da mesma forma como Marx e Engels conceberam? No debate contemporâneo predomina a compreensão de que a análise marxiana da luta de classes, centrada no antagonismo entre burguesia e proletariado, precisa ser superada por ser insuficiente para explicar a problemática do mundo atual. Em contraposição a esta perspectiva, resgata-se a atualidade da concepção ontológica marxiana da luta de classes que ao partir da análise do capitalismo na sua essência, possibilita compreender que a superação das classes sociais, da luta de classes e, por conseguinte, da desigualdade na educação, só pode se efetivar com a transformação radical da sociedade.
“DECIFRA-ME OU TE DEVORO!” ENSAIO SOBRE A ANÁLISE ONTOLÓGICA MARXIANA DA IDEOLOGIA
Authors: Rossi Rafael
Published: April 2017

Este artigo trata da questão da ideologia na sua abordagem tendo por base a perspectiva ontológica marxiana. A partir dos levantamentos e análises bibliográficas realizadas no campo do marxismo, empreendemos uma análise deste conceito problematizando-o em sua articulação com a discussão das contribuições de pensadores que se debruçaram sobre as potencialidades analíticas e ontológicas do pensamento de Marx. Nesse aspecto investimos na argumentação sobre a perspectiva ontológica marxiana enquanto instrumental teórico e de intervenção na compreensão e transformação das desigualdades estruturais do capital. Dessa forma, esperamos contribuir com um debate necessário e metodologicamente indispensável. 
Carbon isotope‐constrained seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol sources from an urban location (Kanpur) in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain
Authors: Bikkina Srinivas , Andersson August , Ram Kirpa , Sarin M. M. , Sheesley Rebecca J. , Kirillova Elena N. , Rengarajan R. , Sudheer A. K. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: April 2017

The Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols in South Asia. However, poorly constrained seasonality of their sources over the IGP leads to large uncertainty in climate and health effects. Here we present a first data set for year‐round radiocarbon (Δ14C) and stable carbon (δ13C)‐based source apportionment of total carbon (TC) in ambient PM10 (n = 17) collected from an urban site (Kanpur: 26.5°N, 80.3°E) in the IGP during January 2007 to January 2008. The year‐round 14C‐based fraction biomass (fbio‐TC) estimate at Kanpur averages ~77 ± 7% and emphasizes an impact of biomass burning emissions (BBEs). The highest fbio‐TC (%) is observed in fall season (October–November, 85 ± 6%) followed by winter (December–February, 80 ± 4%) and spring (March–May, 75 ± 8%), while lowest values are found in summer (June–September, 69 ± 2%). Since biomass/coal combustion and vehicular emissions mostly contribute to carbonaceous aerosols over the IGP, we predict δ13CTC (δ13Cpred) over Kanpur using known δ13C source signatures and the measured Δ14C value of each sample. The seasonal variability of δ13Cobs − δ13Cpred versus Δ14CTC together with air mass back trajectories and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer fire count data reveal that carbonaceous aerosols in winter/fall are significantly influenced by atmospheric aging (downwind transport of crop residue burning/wood combustion emissions in the northern IGP), while local sources (wheat residue combustion/vehicular emissions) dominate in spring/summer. Given the large temporal and seasonal variability in sources and emission strength of TC over the IGP, 14C‐based constraints are, thus, crucial for reducing their uncertainties in carbonaceous aerosol budgets in climate models.
GPS PPP‐derived precipitable water vapor retrieval based on Tm/Ps from multiple sources of meteorological data sets in China
Authors: Zhang Hongxing , Yuan Yunbin , Li Wei , Ou Jikun , Li Ying , Zhang Baocheng
Published: April 2017

Weighted mean temperature (Tm) and pressure (Ps) are two parameters of great relevance to precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieval from global positioning system (GPS) data. However, information about the Tm and Ps cannot be available for those GPS stations that are not colocated with meteorological sensors. To investigate the optimal GPS‐PWV retrieval method for China, two enhanced Tm models, GM‐Tm (temperature dependent) and GH‐Tm (temperature independent), are developed. Additionally, the potentials of the Ps data from the two reanalysis data sets, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)‐Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis II (NCEP II) and ERA‐Interim, and from the empirical model GPT2w for GPS‐PWV retrieval are investigated over China. To evaluate the performances of multisources Tm and Ps data for GPS‐PWV retrieval, GPS data (2011–2013) collected from 22 stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) were processed by using the precise point positioning (PPP) technique, estimating the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) so as to be subsequently converted to GPS‐PWV. The retrieved GPS‐PWVs are compared with their counterparts derived from NCEP II and radiosonde data over China. The results show that (1) the GM‐Tm model consistently shows the highest accuracy (with root mean square error of 2.3 K), and the GH‐Tm model should be selected when temperature observations are not available, and that (2) the performances of Ps from NCEP II and ERA‐Interim differ marginally for GPS‐PWV retrieval, and significant seasonal variations are found in the agreement between the GPS‐PWVs and the PWVs derived from NCEP II and radiosonde data over China.
The effect of zonal wind reversal around sunset on ionospheric interhemispheric asymmetry at March equinox of a solar maximum year 2000
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Wan Weixing , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2017

Interhemispheric asymmetry of the topside ionosphere around March equinox of a solar maximum year 2000 was investigated using ROCSAT‐1 total ion density (Ni) measurements. The asymmetry during the local time sector of late afternoon to midnight was analyzed for two longitude sectors with larger geomagnetic declinations (positive at 120°W–180°W and negative at 0–60°W). The asymmetry of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests is consistent with (but much weaker than) that of Ni at middle dip latitudes in each longitude sector, and the asymmetry is contrary between two longitude sectors. The zonal wind was confirmed to be the primary reason for the asymmetry; it induces opposite vertical plasma transports between two hemispheres under the effect of geomagnetic declination. For the asymmetry of EIA crests, the effect of vertical plasma transport dominates over that of transequator plasma transport. Zonal wind reversal around sunset results in Ni at middle dip latitudes increases in one hemisphere while quickly decreases in the other one, which induces a quick reversal of asymmetry at about 18:00 LT. Nighttime ion composition at 600 km was found to have similar asymmetries with those of Ni, indicating that wind‐induced vertical plasma transport is important for topside ion composition. Asymmetry intensity is somewhat different between two longitude sectors, and the difference depends on dip latitudes. That, on the one hand, is related to the longitudinal variation of the fountain effect and, on the other hand, implies that neutral winds are possibly longitudinally dependent.
Compact Generation of Airy Beams with C‐Aperture Metasurface
Authors: Song Eui‐Young , Lee Gun‐Yeal , Park Hyeonsoo , Lee Kyookeun , Kim Joonsoo , Hong Jongwoo , Kim Hwi , Lee Byoungho
Published: April 2017

A novel method to launch finite power Airy beams based on a metasurface is presented. By tailoring the amplitude and phase of the transmitted fields from a metallic C‐aperture array, launching Airy beams is achieved in free space. The amplitude and phase of the Airy beam profile can be mapped and tailored by tuning only the tilt angles of the aperture. This structure has multifrequency characteristics, which facilitates Airy beam steering because the trajectory of Airy beams is dependent on the wavelength. In addition, the design method can generate Airy beams which have a very compact main lobe (≈2 µm). Computational and experimental results show that proposed metasurface can overcome some limitations of the traditional methods to generate Airy beams. The results can be used for potential applications in integrated optics, beam shaping, biosensing, and next‐generation holography.
cis‐4‐Alkoxydialkyl‐ andcis‐4‐Alkoxydiarylprolinol Organocatalysts: High Throughput Experimentation (HTE)‐Based and Design of Experiments (DoE)‐Guided Development of a Highly Enantioselectiveaza‐Michael Addition of Cyclic Imides to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Arenas Ismael , Ferrali Alessandro , Rodríguez‐Escrich Carles , Bravo Fernando , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: April 2017

A diverse family (37 compounds) of cis‐4‐alkoxydiorganylprolinol derivatives has been prepared and evaluated in organocatalysis for the first time. The combined use of high throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques with efficient analytical methods has led to the identification of two superior catalysts for the enantioselective addition of succinimide to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. Further optimization of the reaction conditions with design of experiments (DoE) techniques established the catalyst of choice for the considered aza‐Michael reaction, the corresponding adducts (12 examples) being obtained in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (succinimide and maleimide donors). The synthetic versatility of these Michael adducts is illustrated by a two‐step sequence leading to enantiopure 1,3‐amino alcohols.

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Fe‐Beta@CeO2 core‐shell catalyst with tunable shell thickness for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Liu Jixing , Liu Jian , Zhao Zhen , Wei Yuechang , Song Weiyu
Published: April 2017

A series of core‐shell structural deNOx catalysts using small‐grain Beta supporting FeOx nanoparticles as the core and tunable CeO2 thin film thickness as sheaths were designed and controllably synthesized. Their catalytic performances were tested for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR). It was found that CeO2 shell thickness plays an important role in influencing the acidity and redox properties of the catalysts. Fe‐Beta@CeO2 core‐shell catalysts exhibit excellent resistance to H2O and SO2 and high NOx conversion (above 90%) in the wide temperature range (225–565°C). The kinetics result indicates that the coating of CeO2 shell significantly increases the pore diffusion resistance of Fe‐Beta@CeO2 catalysts. Furthermore, in situ DRIFT results reveal that CeO2 shell can promote the formation of NO2 and cis‐
species. But too thick CeO2 shell (∼20 nm) would result in the formation of inactive nitrate species, and thereby lead to a decrease of high‐temperature activity of the catalysts. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4430–4441, 2017
Fabrication of supported Pd–Ir/Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts for 2‐ethylanthraquinone hydrogenation
Authors: Hong Runrun , He Yufei , Feng Junting , Li Dianqing
Published: April 2017

A series of χ wt % Pd‐(1‐χ) wt % Ir (χ = 0.75, 0.50, and 0.25) catalysts supported on γ‐Al2O3 have been prepared by co‐impregnation and calcination‐reduction, and subsequently employed in the hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone—a key step in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide. Detailed studies showed that the size and structure of the bimetallic Pd–Ir particles vary as a function of Pd/Ir ratio. By virtue of its small metal particle size and the strong interaction between Pd and Ir, the 0.75 wt % Pd–0.25 wt % Ir/Al2O3 catalyst afforded the highest yield of H2O2, some 25.4% higher than that obtained with the monometallic 1 wt % Pd catalyst. Moreover, the concentration of the undesired byproduct 2‐ethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroanthraquinone (H4eAQ) formed using the Pd–Ir bimetallic catalysts was much lower than that observed with the pure Pd catalyst, which can be assigned to the geometric and electronic effects caused by the introduction of Ir. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3955–3965, 2017
Outcomes of endoscopic optic nerve decompression in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Tarrats Luisam , Hernández Gabriel , Busquets José M. , Portela Juan C. , Serrano Luis A. , González‐Sepúlveda Lorena , Sánchez‐Pérez José R.
Published: April 2017

Background

The conventional treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension involves weight loss, steroids, diuretics, and/or serial lumbar punctures; however, if the symptoms persist or worsen, surgical intervention is recommended. Surgical options include cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures, such as ventriculoperitoneal and lumboperitoneal shunts, and optic nerve decompression with nerve sheath fenestration. The latter can be carried out using an endoscopic approach, but the outcomes of this technique have not been firmly established.

Methods

This systematic review examined the outcomes of performing endoscopic optic nerve decompression (EOND) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Six studies were included for a total of 34 patients.

Results

The patients presented with visual field disturbances (32 of 32 [100%]), visual acuity disruptions (33 of 34 [97.1%]), papilledema (26 of 34 [76.5%]), and persistent headache (30 of 33 [90.1%]). The mean duration of symptoms ranged from 7 to 32 months. Overall, the patients showed post‐EOND improvement in signs and symptoms associated with IIH, specifically visual field deficits (93.8%), visual acuity (85.3%), papilledema (81.4%), and headaches (81.8%). Interestingly, 11 cases showed postoperative improvement in their symptoms with bony decompression of the optic canal alone, without nerve sheath fenestration. There were no major adverse events or complications reported with this approach.

Conclusion

EOND appears to be a promising and safe surgical alternative for patients with IIH who fail to respond to medical treatment. Further studies are needed before we can attest to the clinical validity of this procedure.
Supported Cu catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous phase: effect of support
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhu Wei , Sang Shengya , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin
Published: April 2017

Aqueous‐phase processing of biomass‐derived furfural is one of the promising ways to convert biomass into useful chemicals. Supported metal catalysts are crucial in the aqueous‐phase hydrogenation of furfural. Understanding the effect of acid and basic properties of supports on the performance of the catalysts will help understand the reaction pathways and develop more efficient catalysts. Here, a series of Cu‐based catalysts with different supports (Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, MgO, and ZSM‐5) have been investigated in hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous phase. The properties of the supports have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, transmission electron microscope, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, and CO2 and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that pure acid support leads to the formation of oligomers and pure basic support results in furfuryl alcohol as the main product. And the mass balance in reaction system catalyzed by Cu‐based catalysts with higher acidity amount is lower. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic antioxidants based on calixarene: Synthesis, structural characterization, and antioxidative properties in natural rubber
Authors: Li Hongqiang , Zhong Yong , Wu Wenjian , Zhang Lin , Lai Xuejun , Zeng Xingrong
Published: April 2017

C‐methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR) was first synthesized by condensation reaction between resorcinol and acetaldehyde, and then used as functional monomer to prepare two CMCR derivatives including CMCR‐1 and CMCR‐2 with four ethoxymethyl chains and four hexylthiolmethyl chains, respectively. The structures of CMCR and its derivatives were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed CMCR, CMCR‐1, and CMCR‐2 had superior thermal stability than commercial antioxidant 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol. Oxidation induction time and accelerated thermal aging tests indicated that CMCR‐2 exhibited excellent antioxidative property in natural rubber, which was due to multiphenol groups, big steric hindrance, and synergistic effect between thiother and hindered phenol. Importantly, CMCR‐2 also possessed outstanding extraction resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45144.
The impact of presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in subcentimeter thyroid nodules: A retrospective study from FUSCC
Authors: Gao Lili , Ma Ben , Zhou Li , Wang Yu , Yang Shuwen , Qu Ning , Gao Yi , Ji Qinghai
Published: April 2017

The incidence of PTMC has been increasing in the recent years. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of US‐FNA in thyroid nodules ≤1 cm and whether the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in thyroid could influence the accuracy. The patients who accepted US‐FNA at FUSCC from December 2012 to November 2015 and followed our criteria were enrolled in this study. We extracted the cytological, pathological, and follow‐up US/US‐FNA data of patients with subcentimeter nodules. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), false‐negative rate (FNR), false‐positive rate (FPR), and AUC were calculated to define FNA diagnostic performance in patients. The association of HT with cytological results was analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. In total, 754 patients with 817 subcentimeter nodules were collected to comprise the FUSCC cohort. Of the 817 nodules, the cytological results were ND/UNS in 80 nodules (9.8%), benign in 74 (9.1%), AUS/FLUS in 80 (9.8%), FN/SFN in 6 (0.7%), suspicious for malignancy (SM) in 222 (27.2%), and malignant in 355 (43.5%). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of US‐FNA for the subcentimeter nodules were 98.8%, 90.5%, 98.8%, 90.5%, and 94.7%, respectively. In comparison with HT‐positive subcentimeter nodules, the diagnostic value of US‐FNA for HT‐negative nodules was significantly higher (HT‐positive: AUC = 91.6%, HT‐negative: AUC = 95.9%, P = 0.028). The coexistent HT was found to increase the risk of the FNR and indeterminate cytological results. US‐FNA demonstrated an effective method for diagnosis of subcentimeter thyroid nodules with a low nondiagnostic rate in our study. The presence of HT in thyroid could be a risk factor for the increased FNR and indeterminate cytological results during US‐FNA.
Hemodynamic collapse due to the stenosis of four pulmonary veins in a patient with mediastinal tumor
Authors: Yoshida Kentaro , Fujisawa Fumie , Kojima Hiroshi , Takeyasu Noriyuki
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical Message

Cardiogenic shock can occur due to compression of the four pulmonary veins and the left atrium by a mediastinal tumor. Steroid infusion can be a temporary alternative therapy before obtaining a definite diagnosis and performing an intervention with stents to dilate the pulmonary veins.
Triazolylidene‐Iridium Complexes with a Pendant Pyridyl Group for Cooperative Metal–Ligand Induced Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Amines
Authors: Valencia Marta , Pereira Ana , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Belderraín Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J. , Albrecht Martin
Published: April 2017

Two iridium(III) complexes containing a C,N‐bidentate pyridyl‐triazolylidene ligand were prepared that are structurally very similar but differ in their pendant substituent. Whereas complex 1 contains a non‐coordinating pyridyl unit, complex 2 has a phenyl group on the triazolylidene substituent. The presence of the basic pyridyl unit has distinct effects on the catalytic activity of the complex in the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzylic amines, inducing generally higher rates, higher selectivity towards formation of imines versus secondary amines, and notable quantities of tertiary amines when compared to the phenyl‐functionalized analogue. The role of the pyridyl functionality has been elucidated from a set of stoichiometric experiments, which demonstrate hydrogen bonding between the pendant pyridyl unit and the amine protons of the substrate. Such Npyr⋅⋅⋅H−N interactions are demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction analysis, 1H NMR, and IR spectroscopy, and suggest a pathway of substrate bond‐activation that involves concerted substrate binding through the Lewis acidic iridium center and the Lewis basic pyridyl site appended to the triazolylidene ligand, in agreement with ligand–metal cooperative substrate activation.
Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones by Air‐Stable Ruthenium NNS Complexes
Authors: Puylaert Pim , van Heck Richard , Fan Yuting , Spannenberg Anke , Baumann Wolfgang , Beller Matthias , Medlock Jonathan , Bonrath Werner , Lefort Laurent , Hinze Sandra , de Vries Johannes G.
Published: April 2017

The selective hydrogenation of the carbonyl functionality of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones is catalysed by ruthenium dichloride complexes bearing a tridentate NNS ligand as well as triphenylphosphine. The tridentate ligand backbone is flexible, as evidenced by the equilibrium observed in solution between the cis‐ and trans‐isomers of the dichloride precatalysts, as well as crystal structures of several of these complexes. The complexes are activated by base in the presence of hydrogen and readily hydrogenate carbonyl functionalities under mild conditions. Despite the activation by base, side reactions are negligible, even for aldehyde substrates, because of the low amount of base. Thus, the corresponding allylic alcohols can be isolated in very good yields on a 10–25 mmol scale. Turnover numbers up to 200 000 were achieved.
Between the Poles of Data‐Driven and Mechanistic Modeling for Process Operation
Authors: Solle Dörte , Hitzmann Bernd , Herwig Christoph , Pereira Remelhe Manuel , Ulonska Sophia , Wuerth Lynn , Prata Adrian , Steckenreiter Thomas
Published: April 2017

The best method for process control is the use of model‐based solutions, based on process analytical technology for online monitoring of critical process variables, product quality attributes, or a holistic process state estimation. Mechanistic models as well as data‐driven techniques are essential for real‐time process monitoring. Their main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and the link between both are discussed as well as the synergetic effects, benefits, and drawbacks resulting from their combination. Aspects and differences of the computational model life cycle management are highlighted.
On the Synthesis of Stereocalpin A: Partial Retraction/Correction of Previous Results and Rationalization of the Hidden Difficulties
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Wu Yikang , Li Yan
Published: April 2017

In continuation/checking of a previous synthesis directed toward the literature structure of stereocalpin A it was found that the data for a substantial part of the intermediates reported before were incorrect. Some of the transformations were not successfully reproduced and the failures were shown to be consequences of the presence of the N‐Me and the particular location of the ester linkage. The origins of the “extra/minor” signals in the NMR for most of the intermediates, which tend to be mistaken as signs for the presence of impurity/isomers, are also discussed.
Relative effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive lobular compared with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Marmor Schelomo , Hui Jane Yuet Ching , Huang Jing Li , Kizy Scott , Beckwith Heather , Blaes Anne H. , Rueth Natasha M. , Tuttle Todd M.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) have distinct clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics. The objective of the current study was to compare the relative impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of patients with ILC versus those with IDC.

METHODS

Women with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER2) ‐negative, stage I/II IDC and ILC who received endocrine therapy were identified from the 2000 to 2014 California Cancer Registry. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were collected. Ten‐year overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional‐hazards modeling.

RESULTS

In total, 32,997 women with IDC and 4638 with ILC were identified. The receipt of chemotherapy significantly decreased during the study for both subtypes. For patients with IDC, the 10‐year OS rate was 95% among those who received endocrine therapy alone versus 93% (P < .01) among those who received endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy. For patients with ILC, the 10‐year OS rate was 94% among those who received endocrine therapy alone versus 92% (P < .01) among those who received endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy. After adjusting for patient and treatment factors, adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with a decreased 10‐year hazard of death for patients with IDC (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.74‐0.92). In contrast, adjuvant chemotherapy was not independently associated with the adjusted 10‐year hazard of death for patients with ILC (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.90‐1.46).

CONCLUSIONS

Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved OS for patients with ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, stage I/II ILC. Avoidance of ineffective chemotherapy will markedly reduce the adverse effects and economic burden of breast cancer treatment for a large proportion of patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:3015–21. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Methods for Quantitative Creatinine Determination
Authors: Moore John F. , Sharer J. Daniel
Published: April 2017

Reliable measurement of creatinine is necessary to assess kidney function, and also to quantitate drug levels and diagnostic compounds in urine samples. The most commonly used methods are based on the Jaffe principal of alkaline creatinine‐picric acid complex color formation. However, other compounds commonly found in serum and urine may interfere with Jaffe creatinine measurements. Therefore, many laboratories have made modifications to the basic method to remove or account for these interfering substances. This appendix will summarize the basic Jaffe method, as well as a modified, automated version. Also described is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method that separates creatinine from contaminants prior to direct quantification by UV absorption. Lastly, a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method is described that uses stable isotope dilution to reliably quantify creatinine in any sample. This last approach has been recommended by experts in the field as a means to standardize all quantitative creatinine methods against an accepted reference. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plasma–wall transition in the quasi‐neutral region of collisional and stationary plasmas in a magnetic field enclosed by totally absorbing walls
Authors: Fehling Marc
Published: April 2017

The structure of stationary electron–positive ion plasmas in spatially limited vessels is analysed with special emphasis on the plasma–wall transition using different physical models. Basic investigations are carried out in a two‐fluid model, which is supplemented by ionization and oblique magnetic fields. Collisions between the two particle species were taken into account, as well as the dependence of the collision frequency on the particle density. For the case of non‐vanishing magnetic fields, electrons are not assumed to be in Boltzmann equilibrium. The investigated one‐dimensional domain is limited by totally absorbing walls on each side. Stationary states are considered, in which ionization sources balance the wall losses. To also take into account kinetic effects, simulations in a quasi‐neutral hybrid model are performed. The hybrid model assumes the electrons as a fluid and treats the ions using a particle‐in‐cell (PIC) method. A new way of ensuring the Bohm criterion is used by removing those superparticles impeding the wall. When comparing the results, both models reveal differences, especially when ionization from a resting neutral gas or weakly magnetized plasmas is considered, causing a broadening of the ion distribution or anisotropy effects, respectively.
Enhancement of cytokine‐driven NK cell IFN‐γ production after vaccination of HCMV infected Africans
Authors: Darboe Alansana , Danso Ebrima , Clarke Ed , Umesi Ama , Touray Ebrima , Wegmuller Rita , Moore Sophie E. , Riley Eleanor M. , Goodier Martin R.
Published: April 2017

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection drives the phenotypic and functional differentiation of NK cells, thereby influencing the responses of these cells after vaccination. NK cell functional differentiation is particularly advanced in African populations with universal exposure to HCMV. To investigate the impact of advanced differentiation on vaccine‐induced responses, we studied NK‐cell function before and after vaccination with Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) or diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPiP) in Africans with universal, lifelong HCMV exposure. In contrast to populations with lower prevalence of HCMV infection, no significant enhancement of NK‐cell responses (IFN‐γ, CD107a, CD25) occurred after in vitro re‐stimulation of post‐vaccination NK cells with TIV or DTPiP antigens compared to pre‐vaccination baseline cells. However, both vaccinations resulted in higher frequencies of NK cells producing IFN‐γ in response to exogenous IL‐12 with IL‐18, which persisted for up to 6 months. Enhanced cytokine responsiveness was restricted to less differentiated NK cells, with increased frequencies of IFN‐γ+ cells observed within CD56brightCD57−, CD56dimCD57−NKG2C− and CD56dimCD57−NKG2C+ NK‐cell subsets. These data suggest a common mechanism whereby different vaccines enhance NK cell IFN‐γ function in HCMV infected donors and raise the potential for further exploitation of NK cell “pre‐activation” to improve vaccine effectiveness.
The three‐dimensional behavior of inverted pendulum cylindrical structures during earthquakes
Authors: Vassiliou Michalis F. , Burger Stefan , Egger Marius , Bachmann Jonas A. , Broccardo Marco , Stojadinovic Bozidar
Published: April 2017

In order to use rocking as a seismic response modification strategy along both directions of seismic excitation, a three‐dimensional (3D) rocking model should be developed. Since stepping or rolling rocking structural members out of their initial position is not a desirable performance, a rocking design should not involve these modes of motion. To this end, a model that takes the aforementioned constraint into account needs to be developed. This paper examines the 3D motion of a bounded rigid cylinder that is allowed to uplift and sustain rocking and wobbling (unsteady rolling) motion without sliding or rolling out of its initial position (i.e., a 3D inverted pendulum). Thus, the cylinder is constrained to zero residual displacement at the end of its 3D motion. This 3D dynamic model of the rocking rigid cylinder has two DOFs (three when damping is included), making it the simplest 3D extension of Housner's classical two‐dimensional (2D) rocking model. The development of models with and without damping is presented first. They are simple enough to perform extensive parametric analyses. Modes of motion of the cylinder are identified and presented. Then, 3D rocking and wobbling earthquake response spectra are constructed and compared with the classical 2D rocking earthquake response spectra. The 3D bounded rocking earthquake response spectra for the ground motions considered seem to have a very simple linear form. Finally, it is shown that the use of a 2D rocking model may lead to unacceptably unconservative estimates of the 3D rocking and wobbling seismic response. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cu Nanoparticles on TiN by Electroless Deposition: Surface‐Mediated Diameter Control and Application to Si Nanowires Growth
Authors: Roussey Arthur , Martinez Eugénie , Copéret Christophe , Thieuleux Chloé , Jousseaume Vincent
Published: April 2017

Cu Nanoparticles on TiN coated silicon substrates were prepared from well‐defined molecular precursors [CuOtBu]4 in non‐aqueous solutions. The formation of nanoparticles takes place via galvanic displacement and allows for the formation of narrowly distributed Cu nanoparticles with controlled size ranging from 8 to 35 nm through the control of the oxidation state of the TiN surface. The activity of these nanoparticles arrays in low temperature Si nanowires growth by the vapor‐solid‐solid mechanism was also investigated and larger Cu nanoparticles were found to yield higher Si nanowires density.
Effects of wall confinement and rheology of non‐Newtonian nanofluids on mixed convection phenomenon of a square cylinder in a vertical channel
Authors: Krishna Koduru M. , Gidituri Harinadha , Kishore Nanda
Published: April 2017

The mixed convective momentum and heat transfer phenomena of confined square cylinders in non‐Newtonian nanofluids are numerically investigated. The experimental thermophysical properties of alumina‐water‐based nanofluids are adopted from literature and these nanofluids obey shear‐thinning power‐law type non‐Newtonian behavior. The square cylinder is confined in a vertical channel with a confinement ratio of 0.1333. The flow is assumed to be two‐dimensional and the fluid is allowed to flow in upward direction across the confined square cylinder in the vertical channel. The aiding/opposing buoyancy in the flow is incorporated in terms of Richardson number (Ri) in the range of –2 to 2. The ranges of other dimensionless parameters considered are: Reynolds number, Re: 1 to 40; and volume fraction of nanoparticles, ϕ: 0.005 to 0.045. This range of volume fraction of nanoparticles (i.e., ϕ = 0.005 to 0.045) corresponds to the power‐law index (n) of a non‐Newtonian nanofluid in the range of n = 0.88 to 0.5, respectively. Prior to obtaining new results, the solution methodology is validated with existing literature counterparts. Finally, effects of the Reynolds number, Richardson number, and the rheology of non‐Newtonian nanofluids on streamline patterns, surface pressure, surface vorticity, drag coefficients, isotherm contours, local and average Nusselt numbers are delineated.