bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity in safety‐critical systems
Authors: Walker Alastair
Published: May 2018

2016 saw cybersecurity standards appear in both automotive and medical device industries. Both standards are understandably based on processes that already exist in the respective industries. The automotive J3061 standard is very much focussed on existing categories for defining the cybersecurity threats, ie, systems, hardware and software. Cybersecurity is very much a multifaceted topic, and by restricting the scope to these 3 subject areas there is the risk that many significant threats could be overlooked, in particular the malicious acts of employees within an organisation.

The medical cybersecurity report AAMI TIR 57 takes the approach based on ISO 14971 the medical device risk management standard, which encourages a more open‐minded approach to evaluating cybersecurity threats. Both of these documents, which are discussed in this paper, are short of practical examples or techniques for assessing and mitigating threats; the topic is handled in a more theoretical manner.

Key issues such as trojan circuits in microcontrollers are not well represented in either document. Generally, software topics such as authentication and encryption are given good coverage in international standards; however, this not the case when reviewing hardware concerns. Both TIR 57 and J3061 are good starting documents for the topic of cybersecurity, but both could benefit from expansion to cover the wider topics affecting cybersecurity.
Simplified design equations for Plate‐to‐CHS T and X joints for use in codes
Authors: Wardenier Jaap , Packer Jeffrey A. , Puthli Ram
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with revised, simplified, consistent equations for plate‐to‐Circular Hollow Section (CHS) joints for inclusion in codes. After a short review of the background to these resistance equations in the current consolidated version of EN 1993‐1‐8 and those in ISO 14346, the background to these simplified new equations is discussed. The equations for Plate‐to‐Circular Hollow Section T and X joints (called TP and XP joints respectively) in the current EN 1993‐1‐8 are based on experimental data available up to 1991. They are further related to the equations for CHS T and X joints. Most of the data used are based on the ultimate joint resistance. A similar approach is used for the TP and XP equations in ISO 14346, but these are related to the updated equations for CHS T and X joints.

Since the drafting of ISO 14346, new consistent numerical data from Voth became available where the resistance is not only based on the ultimate resistance but also takes the 3 %d0 joint deformation limit into account.

The new equations in prEN 1993‐1‐8 are based on the Voth data, the de Winkel data and the Voth‐Packer equations, but use a simplified uniform presentation which permits one to relate joints with an I, H and RHS brace‐to‐CHS chord to these basic equations. Furthermore, the presented equations are based on the case of axial compression load in the plate, which is the lower bound of the compression and tension load cases.
Effects of Flow‐Related Variables on Oversummer Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon in Intermittent Streams
Authors: Obedzinski Mariska , Nossaman Pierce Sarah , Horton Gregg E. , Deitch Mathew J.
Published: May 2018

While many studies have established the importance of streamflow as a driver of fish population dynamics, few have examined relationships between survival of juvenile salmonids and flow‐related variables in intermittent streams. With predictions for a higher frequency of drought conditions due to climate change and the associated increasing human demand for water during the dry season, understanding fish–flow relationships is becoming increasingly important for the protection of sensitive aquatic species. To examine the effects of low streamflow on juvenile salmonids rearing in small intermittent streams, we estimated survival and collected environmental data in four coastal California watersheds from 2011 to 2013. We used an individual‐based mark–recapture modeling approach to evaluate the influence of flow‐related variables on oversummer survival of PIT‐tagged juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch stocked into eight stream reaches. Survival was positively associated with streamflow magnitude, wetted volume, and dissolved oxygen and negatively associated with days of disconnected surface flow (days of disconnection) and temperature. Days of disconnection best explained survival, though the relationship varied by geomorphic reach type. Survival was lower in alluvial reaches than in bedrock and clay reaches and showed a faster rate of decline with increasing days of disconnection and drought condition. In all reaches, the onset of pool disconnection represented a turning point at which water quality, water quantity, and survival declined. For this reason, we suggest that days of disconnection (or the flow magnitude at which pools become disconnected) is a useful metric for identifying flow‐impaired reaches, informing streamflow protection strategies, and prioritizing streamflow enhancement efforts designed to benefit sensitive salmonid populations in intermittent streams.
Survival and Reproductive Success of Hatchery YY Male Brook Trout Stocked in Idaho Streams
Authors: Kennedy Patrick A. , Meyer Kevin A. , Schill Daniel J. , Campbell Matthew R. , Vu Ninh V.
Published: May 2018

Nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis were introduced throughout western North America in the early and mid 1900s, resulting in populations that are difficult to eradicate and that often threaten native salmonids. Male YY Brook Trout (MYY), created in the hatchery by feminizing XY males and then crossing them with normal XY males, comprise a novel approach to eradicating undesirable Brook Trout populations. If stocked MYY Brook Trout survive and reproduce with wild females, it could eventually drive the wild population sex ratio to 100% males, at which point the population would be unable to reproduce and would be eradicated after stocking ceased. In this study, we stocked the limited number of catchable‐size (mean TL = 229 mm) MYY hatchery Brook Trout available from an established MYY broodstock into four streams. In two streams, the wild Brook Trout population was suppressed via electrofishing prior to stocking to determine whether diminished competition with wild fish would increase the survival of hatchery MYY fish. We used genetic assignment testing to identify the successful reproduction of stocked MYY fish. Apparent survival of MYY Brook Trout averaged 18% in streams with wild population suppression (mean suppression, 17%) and 9% in streams without suppression, suggesting that suppression of the wild population before stocking increased MYY survival poststocking. Hatchery MYY Brook Trout comprised an estimated 3.1% of all adult Brook Trout during spawning. Genetic assignment tests identified successful reproduction of MYY fish in all streams in which they were stocked, with an average of 3.7% of fry being the progeny of MYY fish. Our results confirm that hatchery MYY fish stocked in streams can survive and spawn successfully with wild fish and produce all‐male progeny. Despite the slightly reduced fitness of MYY Brook Trout, this technology may be a viable method for eradicating undesirable nonnative Brook Trout populations.
A bayesian framework for image recognition based on hidden markov eigen‐image models
Authors: Sawada Kei , Hashimoto Kei , Nankaku Yoshihiko , Tokuda Keiichi
Published: May 2018

An image recognition method based on hidden Markov eigen‐image models (HMEMs) using a Bayesian framework is proposed and experimentally evaluated. HMEMs have been proposed as a model with two advantageous properties: invariances to the size and location of the object to be recognized, and a linear feature extraction based on statistical analysis. However, the training of HMEMs easily falls into the overfitting problem because HMEMs have a complex model structure, especially when there is insufficient training data. This study aims to accurately estimate HMEMs using the variational Bayesian (VB) method. The VB method can utilize prior distributions representing useful prior information and is expected to have a high generalization ability due to the marginalization of model parameters. Furthermore, to relax the local maximum problem in the VB method, the deterministic annealing expectation maximization algorithm is applied to train HMEMs. Experiments on face recognition indicate that the proposed method offers a significantly improved image recognition performance. Additionally, comparative experimental results show that the proposed method is more robust to geometric variations than convolutional neural networks when the amount of training data is insufficient. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Economic benefits comparison between point‐to‐point and multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems with large‐scale wind farms
Authors: Kim Sangwon , Yokoyama Akihiko , Takano Tomihiro , Izui Yoshio , Hashimoto Hiroyuki
Published: May 2018

From the economic viewpoint, multi‐terminal voltage‐source converter high voltage direct current (VSC HVDC) transmission system configurations have many advantages over point‐to‐point VSC HVDC systems in large‐scale wind power transmission scenarios. In these scenarios, the economic benefits comparison between point‐to‐point and multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems based on the security‐constrained optimal power flow analysis is the main target of this paper. It is revealed that compared to point‐to‐point VSC HVDC systems, the proposed multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems have the following economic benefits. More effective economic load dispatch can be achieved. In addition, the wheeling charge produced by the multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems is also higher due to the higher multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems' capacity factor. The lower fuel costs and higher wheeling charge of the multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems are reflected in the annual cash inflow. The economic benefits of the multi‐terminal VSC HVDC systems are proved by calculating the higher Net Present Value (NPV) and Profitability Index (PI) values of the systems. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Partnering with Teaching and Learning Centers for Curricular Assessment: A Case Study of Best Practices
Authors: Bartholomew Tracy , Wright Mary C. , Michaels Charlie
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, we describe strategies teaching and learning centers can use in partnering with programs to conduct action‐oriented assessment projects. We illustrate these strategies with examples from an evaluation of a social engagement requirement for art and design students.
Inquiry Scholars Collaborative: Growing a Culture of Assessment
Authors: Goncalves Zan , Bennett Thomas , Murray‐Chandler Lynn , Hall Caroline
Published: May 2018

This article describes a multi‐institution collaboration to improve student skills in information literacy and inquiry and analysis (as described by the American Association of Colleges & Universities’ VALUE rubrics). The project is unique in that it captures the student voice in all phases of the process—from choosing the kind of inquiry students wish to undertake through communicating with stakeholders about the results of research and assessment initiatives taking place on their campuses.
The NHS at 70 – where to next?
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: May 2018

With health services currently facing unprecedented financial and operational pressures surely the time has come to address which services the NHS should and should not provide?
BSSM guidelines on testosterone deficiency: a summary
Authors: Hackett Geoff , Kirby Mike
Published: May 2018

The British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) 2018 guideline on adult testosterone deficiency was developed to help address the widespread media and scientific concerns over the appropriate treatment of testosterone deficiency with testosterone therapy. In this article the authors provide an overview of the guideline.
Radiology and follow‐up of urologic surgery
Authors: O'Brien Tim
Published: May 2018

A book review of Radiology and follow‐up of urologic surgery, edited by Christopher RJ Woodhouse and Alex Kirkham.
HIV – the good news
Authors: Sabin Caroline A , Mallon Patrick W , Winston Alan
Published: May 2018

Earlier testing for HIV and prompt treatment has resulted in a fall in the number of HIV diagnoses and is having a positive impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life for those living with HIV. AIDS‐defining illnesses are now rarely seen. In this article the authors describe the successes in the battle against HIV and highlight the challenges that remain.
Tetanus: an ever‐present infection risk
Authors: Brightman Christopher
Published: May 2018

Tetanus was recognised as far back as the 5th century BC, when it was first described by Hippocrates. Today, immunisation has reduced the incidence of tetanus infection, but the bacteria responsible remains active in soil and manure. Although most people in the UK are covered by immunisation, the elderly and some immigrants, may be at risk.
F. Brantley Scott: a visionary in the world of urology
Authors: Carson Culley C
Published: May 2018

F. Brantley Scott was a urologist, surgeon, neuroscientist and inventor, but most importantly a visionary in modern medicine. Culley Carson looks back at the achievements of a true renaissance man who left an enduring stamp on the field of urology.
Journal watch
Authors: Kirby Mike
Published: May 2018

Mike Kirby, GP and Visiting Professor to the University of Hertfordshire and The Prostate Centre, London, picks some interesting recent papers and highlights the ‘take‐home’ message.
Get students, parents off to a good start with your orientation presentation
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2018

ORLANDO — At many colleges and universities, it's not easy for the Registrar's Office to get on the agenda for orientation. But if critical information isn't shared with students and parents, they end up learning it the hard way, said Bobby Lothringer, university registrar at Texas Woman's University.
An overview on evolutionary algorithms for many‐objective optimization problems
Authors: von Lücken Christian , Brizuela Carlos , Barán Benjamin
Published: May 2018

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) effectively solve several complex optimization problems with two or three objectives. However, when they are applied to many‐objective optimization, that is, when more than three criteria are simultaneously considered, the performance of most MOEAs is severely affected. Several alternatives have been reported to reproduce the same performance level that MOEAs have achieved in problems with up to three objectives when considering problems with higher dimensions. This work briefly reviews the main search difficulties, visualization, evaluation of algorithms, and new procedures in many‐objective optimization using evolutionary methods. Approaches for the development of evolutionary many‐objective algorithms are classified into: (a) based on preference relations, (b) aggregation‐based, (c) decomposition‐based, (d) indicator‐based, and (e) based on dimensionality reduction. The analysis of the reviewed works indicates the promising future of such methods, especially decomposition‐based approaches; however, much still need to be done to develop more robust, faster, and predictable evolutionary many‐objective algorithms.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Computational Intelligence
The ICD‐11 developmental field study of reliability of diagnoses of high‐burden mental disorders: results among adult patients in mental health settings of 13 countries
Authors: Reed Geoffrey M. , Sharan Pratap , Rebello Tahilia J. , Keeley Jared W. , Elena Medina‐Mora María , Gureje Oye , Luis Ayuso‐Mateos José , Kanba Shigenobu , Khoury Brigitte , Kogan Cary S. , Krasnov Valery N. , Maj Mario , de Jesus Mari Jair , Stein Dan J. , Zhao Min , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Andrews Howard F. , Asevedo Elson , Cheour Majda , Domínguez‐Martínez Tecelli , El‐Khoury Joseph , Fiorillo Andrea , Grenier Jean , Gupta Nitin , Kola Lola , Kulygina Maya , Leal‐Leturia Itziar , Luciano Mario , Lusu Bulumko , Nicolas J. , Martínez‐López I. , Matsumoto Chihiro , Umukoro Onofa Lucky , Paterniti Sabrina , Purnima Shivani , Robles Rebeca , Sahu Manoj K. , Sibeko Goodman , Zhong Na , First Michael B. , Gaebel Wolfgang , Lovell Anne M. , Maruta Toshimasa , Roberts Michael C. , Pike Kathleen M.
Published: May 2018

Reliable, clinically useful, and globally applicable diagnostic classification of mental disorders is an essential foundation for global mental health. The World Health Organization (WHO) is nearing completion of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐11). The present study assessed inter‐diagnostician reliability of mental disorders accounting for the greatest proportion of global disease burden and the highest levels of service utilization – schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety and fear‐related disorders, and disorders specifically associated with stress – among adult patients presenting for treatment at 28 participating centers in 13 countries. A concurrent joint‐rater design was used, focusing specifically on whether two clinicians, relying on the same clinical information, agreed on the diagnosis when separately applying the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines. A total of 1,806 patients were assessed by 339 clinicians in the local language. Intraclass kappa coefficients for diagnoses weighted by site and study prevalence ranged from 0.45 (dysthymic disorder) to 0.88 (social anxiety disorder) and would be considered moderate to almost perfect for all diagnoses. Overall, the reliability of the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines was superior to that previously reported for equivalent ICD‐10 guidelines. These data provide support for the suitability of the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines for implementation at a global level. The findings will inform further revision of the ICD‐11 diagnostic guidelines prior to their publication and the development of programs to support professional training and implementation of the ICD‐11 by WHO member states.
Do mental health professionals use diagnostic classifications the way we think they do? A global survey
Authors: First Michael B. , Rebello Tahilia J. , Keeley Jared W. , Bhargava Rachna , Dai Yunfei , Kulygina Maya , Matsumoto Chihiro , Robles Rebeca , Stona Anne‐Claire , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: May 2018

We report on a global survey of diagnosing mental health professionals, primarily psychiatrists, conducted as a part of the development of the ICD‐11 mental and behavioural disorders classification. The survey assessed these professionals' use of various components of the ICD‐10 and the DSM, their attitudes concerning the utility of these systems, and usage of “residual” (i.e., “other” or “unspecified”) categories. In previous surveys, most mental health professionals reported they often use a formal classification system in everyday clinical work, but very little is known about precisely how they are using those systems. For example, it has been suggested that most clinicians employ only the diagnostic labels or codes from the ICD‐10 in order to meet administrative requirements. The present survey was conducted with clinicians who were members of the Global Clinical Practice Network (GCPN), established by the World Health Organization as a tool for global participation in ICD‐11 field studies. A total of 1,764 GCPN members from 92 countries completed the survey, with 1,335 answering the questions with reference to the ICD‐10 and 429 to the DSM (DSM‐IV, DSM‐IV‐TR or DSM‐5). The most frequent reported use of the classification systems was for administrative or billing purposes, with 68.1% reporting often or routinely using them for that purpose. A bit more than half (57.4%) of respondents reported often or routinely going through diagnostic guidelines or criteria systematically to determine whether they apply to individual patients. Although ICD‐10 users were more likely than DSM‐5 users to utilize the classification for administrative purposes, other differences were either slight or not significant. Both classifications were rated to be most useful for assigning a diagnosis, communicating with other health care professionals and teaching, and least useful for treatment selection and determining prognosis. ICD‐10 was rated more useful than DSM‐5 for administrative purposes. A majority of clinicians reported using “residual” categories at least sometimes, with around 12% of ICD‐10 users and 19% of DSM users employing them often or routinely, most commonly for clinical presentations that do not conform to a specific diagnostic category or when there is insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis. These results provide the most comprehensive available information about the use of diagnostic classifications of mental disorders in ordinary clinical practice.
Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Davies Cathy , Cipriani Andrea , Ioannidis John P.A. , Radua Joaquim , Stahl Daniel , Provenzani Umberto , McGuire Philip , Fusar‐Poli Paolo
Published: May 2018

Preventing psychosis in patients at clinical high risk may be a promising avenue for pre‐emptively ameliorating outcomes of the most severe psychiatric disorder. However, information on how each preventive intervention fares against other currently available treatment options remains unavailable. The aim of the current study was to quantify the consistency and magnitude of effects of specific preventive interventions for psychosis, comparing different treatments in a network meta‐analysis. PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and unpublished/grey literature were searched up to July 18, 2017, to identify randomized controlled trials conducted in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, comparing different types of intervention and reporting transition to psychosis. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Data were synthesized using network meta‐analyses. The primary outcome was transition to psychosis at different time points and the secondary outcome was treatment acceptability (dropout due to any cause). Effect sizes were reported as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sixteen studies (2,035 patients, 57% male, mean age 20.1 years) reported on risk of transition. The treatments tested were needs‐based interventions (NBI); omega‐3 + NBI; ziprasidone + NBI; olanzapine + NBI; aripiprazole + NBI; integrated psychological interventions; family therapy + NBI; D‐serine + NBI; cognitive behavioural therapy, French & Morrison protocol (CBT‐F) + NBI; CBT‐F + risperidone + NBI; and cognitive behavioural therapy, van der Gaag protocol (CBT‐V) + CBT‐F + NBI. The network meta‐analysis showed no evidence of significantly superior efficacy of any one intervention over the others at 6 and 12 months (insufficient data were available after 12 months). Similarly, there was no evidence for intervention differences in acceptability at either time point. Tests for inconsistency were non‐significant and sensitivity analyses controlling for different clustering of interventions and biases did not materially affect the interpretation of the results. In summary, this study indicates that, to date, there is no evidence that any specific intervention is particularly effective over the others in preventing transition to psychosis. Further experimental research is needed.
Psychopathology in 7‐year‐old children with familial high risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or bipolar disorder – The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study ‐ VIA 7, a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ellersgaard Ditte , Jessica Plessen Kerstin , Richardt Jepsen Jens , Soeborg Spang Katrine , Hemager Nicoline , Klee Burton Birgitte , Jerlang Christiani Camilla , Gregersen Maja , Søndergaard Anne , Uddin Md Jamal , Poulsen Gry , Greve Aja , Gantriis Ditte , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Elgaard Thorup Anne Amalie
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to compare the psychopathological profiles of children at familial high risk of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (FHR‐SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR‐BP) with population‐based controls. We used Danish nationwide registers to retrieve a cohort of 522 seven‐year‐old children of parents with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (N=202), bipolar disorder (N=120) or none of these disorders (N=200). Psychopathology was assessed by reports from multiple informants, including children, parents and teachers. Lifetime DSM‐IV diagnoses were ascertained by blinded raters through the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children. The dimensional assessment of psychopathology was performed by the Child Behavior Checklist, the Teacher's Report Form, a modified version of the ADHD‐Rating Scale, the Test Observation Form, and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Current level of functioning was evaluated using the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). The prevalence of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses was significantly higher in both FHR‐SZ children (38.7%, odds ratio, OR=3.5, 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.2‐5.7, p < 0.001) and FHR‐BP children (35.6%, OR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.8‐5.3, p < 0.001) compared with controls (15.2%). FHR‐SZ children displayed significantly more dimensional psychopathology on all scales and subscales compared with controls except for the Anxious subscale of the Test Observation Form. FHR‐BP children showed higher levels of dimensional psychopathology on several scales and subscales compared with controls, but lower levels compared with FHR‐SZ children. Level of functioning was lower in both FHR‐SZ children (CGAS mean score = 68.2; 95% CI: 66.3‐70.2, p < 0.0001) and FHR‐BP children (73.7; 95% CI: 71.2‐76.3, p < 0.05) compared with controls (77.9; 95% CI: 75.9‐79.9). In conclusion, already at the age of seven, FHR‐SZ and FHR‐BP children show a higher prevalence of a broad spectrum of categorical and dimensional psychopathology compared with controls. These results emphasize the need for developing early intervention strategies towards this vulnerable group of children.
Men’s Migration, Adulthood, and the Performance of Masculinities
Authors: Vlase Ionela
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the ways migration shapes men migrants’ adulthood transitions, their performance of masculinities during migration and upon their return, and their narratives of adult male identity. The chapter documents the socially constructed nature of adulthood and provides evidence on the ambivalences and ambiguities that men migrants experience regarding adulthood and manhood as a result of their long-term migration. Tensions involving the duration of stays abroad after migration—12 years, on average—on the one hand, and the difficulties in settling down and establishing unequivocal benchmarks of manly adulthood while living in different cultural and structural contexts, on the other hand, result in unsettling migrants’ prior beliefs and goals concerning age and gender identities.
Two-point functions in ABJM matrix model
Authors: Kubo Naotaka , Moriyama Sanefumi
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We introduce non-trivial two-point functions of the super Schur polynomials in the ABJM matrix model and study their exact values with the Fermi gas formalism. We find that, although defined non-trivially, these two-point functions enjoy two simple relations with the one-point functions. One of them is associated with the Littlewood-Richardson rule, while the other is more novel. With plenty of data, we also revisit the one-point functions and study how the diagonal BPS indices are split asymmetrically by the degree difference.
A “Lagrangian” for the E7 superconformal theory
Authors: Agarwal Prarit , Maruyoshi Kazunobu , Song Jaewon
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We find an

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

gauge theory that flows to the rank-one

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

superconformal field theory with E
7 flavor symmetry. We first obtain a Lagrangian description for the R
0,N
theory, which appears in the S-dual description of the SU(N) gauge theory with 2N fundamental hypermultiplets. This is a straightforward generalization of the proposed Lagrangian description for the E
6 theory. The E
7 theory is then obtained via partial Higgsing of the R
0,4 theory. From this Lagrangian description, we compute the full superconformal index. We also consider twisted dimensional reduction on S
2 to obtain

$$ \mathcal{N}=\left(0,4\right) $$

N
=

0
4

theory for the E
7 one instanton string and compute its elliptic genus.
The supersymmetric affine Yangian
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Li Wei , Peng Cheng , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The affine Yangian of gl1 is known to be isomorphic to

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_{1+\infty } $$

W

1
+
∞

, the W-algebra that characterizes the bosonic higher spin — CFT duality. In this paper we propose some of the defining relations of the Yangian that are relevant for the

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

superconformal version of

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_{1+\infty } $$

W

1
+
∞

. Our construction is based on the observation that the

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

superconformal

$$ {\mathcal{W}}_{1+\infty } $$

W

1
+
∞

algebra contains two commuting bosonic W1+∞ algebras, and that the additional generators transform in bi-minimal representations with respect to these two algebras. The corresponding affine Yangian can therefore be built up from two affine Yangians of

$$ \mathfrak{g}{\mathfrak{l}}_1 $$

g

l
1

by adding in generators that transform appropriately.
Trends in the Use of Laparoscopic Versus Open Paediatric Appendicectomy: A Regional 12‐Year Study and a National Survey
Authors: Bhatt N. R. , Dunne E. , Faraz M. , Gillis A. E. , Conlon K. C. , Paran S. , Ridgway P. F.
Published: May 2018

Background

In adult patients, it is generally accepted that laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) is the predominant operative pathway in treating acute appendicitis. The case for a similar pathway utilising LA in children is less clear. We investigate usage, trends and complications after LA in children in a single co‐located adult/paediatric centre with contemporaneous adults as controls.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was conducted over 12 years including patients who underwent appendicectomy, and the paediatric series (<16 years) was divided into age‐groups‐based quartiles. An anonymous questionnaire‐based national survey was circulated among general and paediatric surgeons.

Results

Of the 5784 appendicectomy patients, 2960 were children. LA rate in paediatric appendicitis was 65%. Yearly trends in LA reached a steady state in both groups after 2010 (Δ 0–1%/year). Rates of LA and LA IAA (respectively) differed significantly between age groups: 60, 3% (0–9 years); 65, 1% (10–13 years); 71, 2% (14–16 years) and 93, 3% (>16 years) (p = 0.001, 0.02). The national survey showed respondents believed LA was not superior to OA in paediatric patients except in terms of cosmesis. There was strong support in the use of LA in older children and children >40 kg.

Conclusion

The use of LA in paediatric appendicectomies in the study region is similar to international rates, but not increasing over time. Irish surgeons still favour OA in younger children and prefer a case‐by‐case approach rather LA being the preferred pathway. This is despite the regional and international evidence showing favourable outcomes with LA in children.
Efficient decoding algorithm for 3D video over wireless channels
Authors: Yasakethu S. L. P. , Hewage C. T. E. R.
Published: May 2018

In wireless communication networks, additive channel noise and time varying multipath fading are considered amongst the main challenges and these effects will bring significant quality degradation to the transmitted 2D/3D video streams. This paper presents an efficient decoding algorithm for Distributed Video Coding (DVC) for enhanced performance of colour and depth based 3D video over error prone wireless channels. The maximum a-posteriori (MAP) algorithm for turbo decoding is modified considering the effects of the channel errors on both Wyner-Ziv and key frame bit streams of colour and depth videos. The proposed codec is simulated using a W-CDMA wireless channel model and the results are analyzed to determine the effect of the modifications. The performance of the state-of-the-art H.264/AVC video codec is also presented for comparison under similar conditions. The results show that the proposed modifications provide a significant improvement in the DVC codec performance under unfavourable channel conditions for colour plus depth based 3D video.
History Dependence of the Microstructure on Time-Dependent Deformation During In-Situ Cooling of a Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Panwisawas Chinnapat , D’Souza Neil , Collins David M. , Bhowmik Ayan , Roebuck Bryan
Published: May 2018

Time-dependent plastic deformation through stress relaxation and creep deformation during in-situ cooling of the as-cast single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4® has been studied via neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electro-thermal miniature testing, and analytical modeling across two temperature regimes. Between 1000 °C and 900 °C, stress relaxation prevails and gives rise to softening as evidenced by a decreased dislocation density and the presence of long segment stacking faults in γ phase. Lattice strains decrease in both the γ matrix and γ′ precipitate phases. A constitutive viscoplastic law derived from in-situ isothermal relaxation test under-estimates the equivalent plastic strain in the prediction of the stress and strain evolution during cooling in this case. It is thereby shown that the history dependence of the microstructure needs to be taken into account while deriving a constitutive law and which becomes even more relevant at high temperatures approaching the solvus. Higher temperature cooling experiments have also been carried out between 1300 °C and 1150 °C to measure the evolution of stress and plastic strain close to the γ′ solvus temperature. In-situ cooling of samples using ETMT shows that creep dominates during high-temperature deformation between 1300 °C and 1220 °C, but below a threshold temperature, typically 1220 °C work hardening begins to prevail from increasing γ′ fraction and resulting in a rapid increase in stress. The history dependence of prior accumulated deformation is also confirmed in the flow stress measurements using a single sample while cooling. The saturation stresses in the flow stress experiments show very good agreement with the stresses measured in the cooling experiments when viscoplastic deformation is dominant. This study demonstrates that experimentation during high-temperature deformation as well as the history dependence of the microstructure during cooling plays a key role in deriving an accurate viscoplastic constitutive law for the thermo-mechanical process during cooling from solidification.
Evaluation of lubrication performance of crank pin bearing in a marine diesel engine
Authors: Moon Suk Man , Cho Yong Joo , Kim Tae Wan
Published: May 2018

In this study, the lubrication performance of the crank pin bearing in a marine two–stroke diesel engine is evaluated to investigate the adhesional failure on the crank pin bearing. A numerical algorithm for the lubrication analysis considering motion analysis of the crank pin system is developed. The film pressure and thickness for three clearances and three lubricant temperatures are calculated. The results show that the lubricant temperature has a higher effect on film thickness than clearance. In terms of the film parameter, the operating condition that can result in solid–solid contact is investigated. We also suggest the desirable operating conditions of clearance and lubricant temperature to prevent the solid–solid contact.
ANY CYCLIC QUADRILATERAL CAN BE INSCRIBED IN ANY CLOSED CONVEX SMOOTH CURVE
Authors: AKOPYAN ARSENIY , AVVAKUMOV SERGEY
Published: May 2018

We prove that any cyclic quadrilateral can be inscribed in any closed convex $C^{1}$-curve. The smoothness condition is not required if the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
Acoustic emission signatures prior to snow failure
Authors: CAPELLI ACHILLE , REIWEGER INGRID , SCHWEIZER JÜRG
Published: May 2018

Snow slab avalanches are caused by cracks forming and propagating in a weak snow layer below a cohesive slab. The gradual damage process leading to the formation of the initial failure within the weak layer (WL) is still not entirely understood. To this end, we designed a novel test apparatus that allows performing loading experiments with large snow samples (0.25 m2) including a WL at different loading rates and simultaneously monitoring the acoustic emissions (AE) response. By analyzing the AE generated by micro-cracking, we studied the evolution of the damage process preceding snow failure. At fast loading rates, the exponent of the AE energy distribution (b-value) gradually changed, and both the energy rate and the inverse waiting time increased exponentially with increasing load. These changes in AE signature indicate a transition from small to large events and an acceleration of the damage processes leading to brittle failure. For the experiments at slow loading rate, these changes in the AE signature were not or only partially present, even if the sample failed, indicating a different evolution of the damage process. The observed characteristics in AE response provide new insights on how to model snow failure as a critical phenomenon.
Legislative Party Switching and the Changing Nature of the Canadian Party System, 1867–2015
Authors: Sevi Semra , Yoshinaka Antoine , Blais André
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of party switchers in the Canadian House of Commons. With the most extensive dataset on party-switching MPs (1867–2015), we answer the following questions: What are the electoral trajectories of party switchers? Have their prospects changed over time? We assess whether the historical dynamics of the Canadian party system explain changes in the incidence and fate of party switchers since 1867, hypothesizing that both the rate of party switching and the electoral fortunes of floor crossers decline over time. The evidence accords with our second hypothesis more strongly than our first. Party switching has become slightly less common, but the electoral consequence has become much more severe.
Japanese Reverse Compasses: Grounding Cognition in History and Society
Authors: Frumer Yulia
Published: May 2018

Argument

An unusual compass, on which east and west are reversed, provides insight into the dynamics guiding our understanding of artifacts. By examining how such compasses were used in Tokugawa Japan (1600–1868), the benefits they brought, and how users knew how to read them, this article uncovers the cognitive factors that shape our interaction with technology. Building on the methodological approach of thedistributed cognitiontheory, the article claims that reverse compasses allowed the user to conserve cognitive effort, which was particularly advantageous to Tokugawa-period mariners. Moreover, the article shows that even non-professional Tokugawa Japanese had a relatively easy time reading reverse compasses due to similarity between the compasses’ orientation and Tokugawa timekeeping practices. Building on the bodily and cognitive habits they had developed through the practices of keeping time, users could identify and interpret cultural cues embedded in the structure of reverse compasses.
Left ventricular function and exercise capacity after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Wijk Sebastiaan W. , Driessen Mieke M. , Meijboom Folkert J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Schoof Paul H. , Breur Hans M. , Takken Tim
Published: May 2018

Background

The arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries was initially believed to be an anatomical correction. Recent evidence shows reduced exercise capacity and left ventricular function in varying degrees in the long term after an arterial switch operation.

Objective

To perform a meta-analysis on long-term exercise capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction after an arterial switch operation.

Methods

A literature search was performed to cover all studies on patients who had undergone a minimum of 6 years of follow-up that reported either left ventricular ejection fraction, peak oxygen uptake, peak workload, and/or peak heart rate. A meta-analysis was performed if more than three studies reported the outcome of interest.

Results

A total of 21 studies reported on the outcomes of interest. Oxygen uptake was consistently lower in patients who had undergone an arterial switch operation compared with healthy controls, with a pooled average peak oxygen uptake of 87.5±2.9% of predicted. The peak heart rate was also lower compared with that of controls, at 92±2% of predicted. Peak workload was significantly reduced in two studies. Pooled left ventricular ejection fraction was normal at 60.7±7.2%.

Conclusion

Exercise capacity is reduced and left ventricular ejection fraction is preserved in the long term after an arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries.
The REACH protocol: an innovative strategy for home management of infants with complex CHD
Authors: Fleck Desiree A. , Marino Bradley S. , Costello John M. , Ravishankar Chitra , Torowicz Deborah , Alden Carrie , Van’t Hof Kathleen , Medoff-Cooper Barbara
Published: May 2018

Approximately 32,000 infants are born with CHDs each year in the United States of America. Of every 1000 live births, 2.3 require surgical or transcatheter intervention in the first year of life. There are few more stressful times for parents than when their neonate receives a diagnosis of complex CHD requiring surgery. The stress of caring for these infants is often unrelenting and may last for weeks, months, and often years, placing parents at risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as a drastic decrease in quality of life. Anxiety often peaks in the days and weeks after discharge from the hospital as families no longer have immediate access to nursing and medical staff. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods of a randomised controlled trial that was designed to determine whether REACH would favourably affect parental and infant outcomes by decreasing parental stress, improve parental quality of life, increase infant stability, and decrease resource utilisation in infants with complex CHD.
Noticing vocabulary holes aids incidental second language word learning: An experimental study
Authors: DE VOS JOHANNA F. , SCHRIEFERS HERBERT , LEMHÖFER KRISTIN
Published: May 2018

Noticing the hole (NTH) occurs when speakers want to say something, but realise they do not know the right word(s). Such awareness of lacking knowledge supposedly facilitates the acquisition of the unknown word(s) from later input (Swain, 1993). We tested this claim by experimentally inducing NTH in a second language (L2) for some participants (experimental), but not others (control). Then, in a price comparison game, all participants were exposed to spoken L2 input containing the to-be-learned words. They were unaware of taking part in an L2 study. Post-tests showed that participants who had noticed holes in their vocabulary had indeed learned more words compared to participants who had not. This held both for the experimental group as well as those participants in the control group who later reported to have noticed holes. Thus, when we become aware of vocabulary holes, the first step to improve our vocabulary is already taken.
The politics of negative emissions technologies and decarbonization in rural communities
Authors: Buck Holly Jean
Published: May 2018

Non-technical summary

Technologies and practices to remove carbon from the atmosphere (‘negative emissions technologies’) will be challenging to scale-up. Efforts to incentivize or govern their scale-up globally risk failing if they miss the social challenges. This paper analyzes prospective challenges for negative emissions through examining how decarbonization practices are evolving in one particular landscape: the Imperial Valley in southeast California, a desert landscape engineered for industrial agriculture. Based on semi-structured interviews and site visits, this paper examines how community actors have received, participated in, imagined or contested new energy technologies and climate practices, and draws out takeaways for negative emissions policy.
Kompetenztestung bei Grundschulkindern
Authors: Lockl Kathrin , Händel Marion , Artelt Cordula
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie ging der Frage nach, ob die Validität eines sprachlich vorgegebenen Wissenstests für Grundschülerinnen und Grundschüler durch bestimmte Administrationsbedingungen gesteigert werden kann. In der Studie bearbeiteten 319 Drittklässlerinnen und Drittklässler im Klassenkontext einen inhaltlichen Test zum metakognitiven Wissen über Lernstrategien, der in zwei Varianten (Zuhören vs. Zuhören und Mitlesen) vorgegeben wurde. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Wortschatztest eingesetzt und der familiäre Sprachhintergrund der Kinder erhoben. Als wichtigsten Befund ergab eine Mehrebenenanalyse eine signifikante Interaktion von Testbedingung und den sprachlichen Kompetenzen: Kinder mit vergleichsweise geringem Wortschatz erzielten in der Zuhören-und-Mitlesen-Bedingung höhere Werte in einem Test zum metakognitiven Wissen als in der Zuhören-Bedingung, wohingegen sich bei Kindern mit größerem Wortschatz kein Unterschied zwischen den Testbedingungen ergab. Ein entsprechendes Befundmuster zeigte sich, wenn anstatt des Wortschatzes der Sprachhintergrund berücksichtigt wurde. Somit sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, dass Kinder mit geringeren Sprachkompetenzen von der Möglichkeit profitieren, die Aufgabentexte mitzulesen. Folglich erhöht die Zuhören-und-Mitlesen-Bedingung die Validität der Testung, was mit Blick auf die theoretischen und diagnostischen Implikationen diskutiert wird.
Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Violent Loss Survivors
Authors: Williams Joah L. , Eddinger Jasmine R. , Rynearson Edward K. , Rheingold Alyssa A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: Family members grieving the traumatic death of a loved one, as in cases of homicide, suicide, and fatal accidents, are at risk for a number of trauma and bereavement-related mental health problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, prolonged grief disorder, and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and correlates of SI among a sample of 130 treatment-seeking traumatically bereaved family members. Method: Adults seeking treatment at two clinics on the US West Coast were assessed for SI, clinical outcomes, and death-related characteristics. Results: Overall, 42% of traumatically bereaved family members endorsed some form of active or passive SI on the Beck Depression Inventory suicide item. The type of loss experienced (i.e., homicide, suicide, fatal accident) was not associated with SI. Although individuals with SI reported more severe symptoms across all clinical outcomes, avoidance (OR = 2.22) and depression (OR = 1.16) were uniquely associated with SI even after adjusting for PTSD-related intrusions and hyperarousal. Limitations: Results should be interpreted in light of limitations associated with cross-sectional data and a single-item outcome of SI. Conclusion: Routine screening for SI should be standard practice for providers working with traumatically bereaved families.