bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High dose genistein in Sanfilippo syndrome: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ghosh Arunabha , Rust Stewart , Langford‐Smith Kia , Weisberg Daniel , Canal Maria , Breen Catherine , Hepburn Michelle , Tylee Karen , Vaz Frédéric M. , Vail Andy , Wijburg Frits , O'Leary Claire , Parker Helen , Wraith J. Ed , Bigger Brian W. , Jones Simon A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high dose genistein aglycone in Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III). High doses of genistein aglycone have been shown to correct neuropathology and hyperactive behaviour in mice, but efficacy in humans is uncertain. This was a single centre, double‐blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled study with open‐label extension phase. Randomised participants received either 160 mg/kg/day genistein aglycone or placebo for 12 months; subsequently all participants received genistein for 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the change in heparan sulfate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with secondary outcome measures including heparan sulfate in plasma and urine, total glycosaminoglycans in urine, cognitive and adaptive behaviour scores, quality of life measures and actigraphy. Twenty‐one participants were randomised and 20 completed the placebo‐controlled phase. After 12 months of treatment, the CSF heparan sulfate concentration was 5.5% lower in the genistein group (adjusted for baseline values), but this was not statistically significant (P = .26), and CSF heparan sulfate increased in both groups during the open‐label extension phase. Reduction of urinary glycosaminoglycans was significantly greater in the genistein group (32.1% lower than placebo after 12 months, P = .0495). Other biochemical and clinical parameters showed no significant differences between groups. High dose genistein aglycone (160 mg/kg/day) was not associated with clinically meaningful reductions in CSF heparan sulfate and no evidence of clinical efficacy was detected. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in urine glycosaminoglycans. These data do not support the use of genistein aglycone therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis type III. High dose genistein aglycone does not lead to clinically meaningful reductions in biomarkers or improvement in neuropsychological outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis type III.
Chaotropic salts impact in HPLC approaches for simultaneous analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs
Authors: Shulyak Nataliia , Piponski Marjan , Kovalenko Sergiy , Stoimenova Tanja Bakovska , Drapak Iryna , Piponska Magdalena , Rezk Mamdouh R. , Abbeyquaye Annie Donkor , Oleshchuk Oleksandra , Logoyda Liliya
Published: May 2021

Simultaneous determination of drugs with different physicochemical properties necessitates thorough research and careful selection of high‐performance liquid chromatography conditions. In the present study, various concepts of high‐performance liquid chromatography method development for this aim have been discussed. Moreover, the work was motivated by the advantages of utilizing different chaotropic anions as a new promising approach to overcome the limitations of ion‐pairing agents commonly used for this purpose. Based on log P values, atorvastatin (log P = 6.36) and lisinopril (log P = –1.22) were chosen as representative examples for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. Several simple, economic, fast, and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography methods were developed for their simultaneous analysis and are presented in a comparative manner, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Peak elution profile showed satisfying retentions and resolution about 3. Photo‐diode array calculations were exploited for identifying the molecules by their ultra‐violet spectra and peak purity, calculated and presented as rectangular‐shaped ratio grams. The linearity check showed excellent results and satisfactory system suitability parameters of both peaks. This confirms the investigation results and conclusions for the influence of the chaotropic salts on N‐containing molecules, by increasing their retentivities, and improving peak shapes, even on different quality columns without end‐capping and base‐deactivating of separation matrixes.
Predictors of Clinician‐Reported Self‐Efficacy in Treating Trauma‐Exposed Youth
Authors: Becker‐Haimes Emily M. , Wislocki Katherine , DiDonato Stephen , Jensen‐Doss Amanda
Published: May 2021

Clinicians’ self‐efficacy with regard to delivering evidence‐based interventions (EBIs) to youth is an important target for both improving EBI use in the community and mitigating the risk of clinician burnout and turnover. Examining predictors of clinician self‐efficacy to treat trauma‐exposed youth is, therefore, an important step for informing the design of implementation strategies to enhance the mental health workforce's capacity to deliver EBIs in this population. We examined predictors of clinician self‐efficacy in working with trauma‐exposed youth in a sample of practicing mental health clinicians (N = 258, M age = 34.4 years, 85.0% female). Clinicians were recruited and surveyed as part of a larger study examining how clients’ exposure to potentially traumatic events influences clinician decision‐making. Results of regression models indicated that training in any trauma treatment model, being trained via a variety of formats (e.g., in‐person training, online, supervision), and training in a variety of treatment models were all associated with higher perceived self‐efficacy regarding effectively treating trauma‐exposed youth. Of the treatment models and training formats examined, receiving in‐person training, R2 = .10, and training in trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy, R2 = .10, were the strongest predictors of higher self‐efficacy ratings. Clinician discipline, R2 = .04, and clinical practice factors, R2 = .20, were also related to self‐efficacy. Collectively, the R2 indicated a large effect, with the predictors explaining 25.4% of the variance in self‐efficacy ratings. Implications for designing implementation strategies targeting clinician self‐efficacy and future research are discussed.
Journal editors and journal indexes: Internationalization pressures in the semi‐periphery of the world of science
Authors: Koch Tomas , Vanderstraeten Raf
Published: May 2021

Peer‐reviewed journals are routinely monitored in the world of science, especially on the basis of their performance in international scholarly indexes such as Web of Science and Scopus. While critics have highlighted the bias and 'unintended consequences' of these instruments, it is not at all clear how these indexes are changing the ways in which research takes place. In this paper, we discuss the opportunities and problems facing scientific journals within this environment. By means of 12 qualitative interviews with editors‐in‐chief of WoS‐indexed journals edited in Chile, we analyse the editors' perceptions and strategies to surf within this environment. The article highlights the current tensions that indexation brings for the journals and some strategies to cope with them, the negotiation processes with their traditional audiences, and the conflicts that emerge in the current internationalization processes led by international scientific indexes. Finally, the paper concludes by reflecting on the possibilities and pitfalls that index‐led internationalization has for journals, especially in so‐called semi‐peripheral communities.
Numerical simulations of upslope fog observed at Beppu Bay in Oita Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ohashi Yukitaka , Suido Makoto
Published: May 2021

The present study focussed on the formation of upslope fog. This fog causes chronic expressway closures near Beppu Bay (BB) in Oita Prefecture, Japan. A dense fog event, occurring on 3 and 4 May 2020, resulting from the passage of an extratropical cyclone through the southern Japanese islands, was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model. The simulation results indicated that warm and humid air with a lifting condensation level less than 20 m flowed into a plain from BB. Simulated fog and poor visibility were more severe on mountain slope adjacent to BB than on the surroundings. Here, the westward horizontal flux of water vapour by the wind flow was prolonged at lower heights. Analyses of the simulated elements verified that the upslope fog was induced by moist adiabatic cooling of the air lifted by the upslope winds. At the mature stage of upslope fog, a simulated local vertical circulation generated in conjunction with the upper synoptic flow extended the dense fog into the upper atmosphere over BB. During the decaying stage of upslope fog on mountain, a fog covered on the entire BB. This was associated with weakening winds at lower heights. Sensitivity experiments for model boundary conditions supported the importance of mountain steepness and the rectangular shape of BB for the generation of upslope fog. Finally, an application possibility of dense fog forecasts was discussed by using a simulated difference in the equivalent potential temperature between the base of the mountain and Beppuwan expressway interchange located midslope.
National Council: CCBHCs are expanding access and transforming community care
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2021

The presence of Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) in communities is expanding access to mental health and substance use treatment, moving some needed services to nontraditional settings, and helping to correct social disparities, concludes a report released last week by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing. The report, based on a survey in which 128 CCBHC sites participated, adds that the CCBHC model is laying the groundwork for behavioral health provider organizations to participate fully in value‐based payment structures that have become more common in the health care industry.
Groups mark Floyd anniversary with call for equitable practices
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2021

On the one‐year anniversary marking the tragic death of George Floyd, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) released statements calling for change and committing themselves to equitable practices and highlighting specific actions they have taken to address disparities.
Flexible and fast multi‐level modulation format identification using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing redundancy subcarriers
Authors: Mao Rui , Gao Kaiqiang , Zhang Qi , Wang Xishuo , Gao Ran , Xin Xiangjun , Tian Qinghua , Tian Feng , Zhang Jinlong , Liu Bingchun , Jiang Jinkun , Xie Rongzhen
Published: May 2021

Compared with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, the subcarrier‐index modulation OFDM communication system can alleviate the problem of peak‐to‐average power ratio and the frequency offset sensitivity. Therefore, the problem of inter carrier interference (ICI) and low power of the radio frequency amplifier in OFDM communication system can be solved to some extent. A fast and flexible modulation format recognition (MFR) scheme utilizing OFDM redundancy subcarriers is proposed in order to solve the MFR problem in coherent optical OFDM transmission. The scheme uses the silent subcarrier position of OFDM to carry modulation format information (MFI) and the receiving end decodes the MFI index by comparing the modulus values of the redundant symbols. It can recognize the phase shift keying (PSK) and multiple quadrature amplitude modulation (M‐QAM) modulation formats block by block. The number of symbols required by the proposed MFR is equal to the number of OFDM subcarriers, and the average time to get the recognition result in a block is O(1). We numerically investigate the proposed MFR among 20 Gbaud 4/16/32/64 QAM and 8/16 PSK. The results show that the correct recognition rate of the proposed scheme is not affected by the modulation formats. In particular, the proposed MFR is a potential solution for future flexible optical networks.
An integrated user‐system approach for shelter location and evacuation routing
Authors: Esposito Amideo Annunziata , Scaparra Maria Paola , Sforza Antonio , Sterle Claudio
Published: May 2021

Disasters are catastrophic events that can severely affect the life conditions of entire communities. Disaster‐related issues are usually dealt with according to the Disaster Operations Management framework, which is composed of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This work focuses on two crucial operations belonging to the response phase: shelter location and evacuation of endangered populations. Specifically, the ultimate scope of this paper is to present some applications of a scenario‐based mixed‐integer two‐stage linear program which integrates shelter location with two different types of evacuation, self‐ (or car‐based) evacuation and supported‐ (or bus‐based) evacuation, namely the Scenario‐Indexed Shelter Location and Evacuation Routing (SISLER) model. The SISLER model is solved using an off‐the‐shelf optimization software, whose performance is improved through the addition of some valid inequalities which are added at the root node of the solution tree to improve the lower bound. Computational results are reported for both testbed instances and a realistic case study (Sioux Falls network). The analysis of the solutions provides some useful managerial insights for relevant stakeholders working within the shelter location and evacuation planning area, such as emergency management practitioners and public service providers.
Patient safety educational interventions: A systematic review with recommendations for nurse educators
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Morse Brenna L. , Kim Na Won
Published: May 2021

Aim

This study identified and evaluated tested patient safety educational interventions. This study also described the content, curricular structures and teaching strategies of the educational interventions and determined the methods used for evaluating patient safety learning outcomes.

Design

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines directed this review.

Methods

Searches for articles describing and evaluating patient safety educational interventions were conducted using four scholarly databases. Study quality was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form.

Results

Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were either presented as stand‐alone courses or as lessons embedded in an existing course. All studies employed a mixture of various teaching modalities and several evaluation methods and outcomes. Mixed results were observed in terms of the effects of educational interventions. Future researchers should continue to develop patient safety curricula and examine their effect on student competencies with stronger methodological rigour.
Subcutaneous implantable pleural port catheter in the management of malignant pleural effusions in young patients with solid tumors: A new option in the armamentarium of symptomatic treatment
Authors: Malterre Aline , Cohen‐Gogo Sarah , Kriegel Irène , d'Avout Fourdinier Perrine , Bouleuc Carole , Lemelle Lauriane , Surun Aurore , Cordero Camille , Pacquement Hélène , Orbach Daniel
Published: May 2021

The contribution of subcutaneous implantable pleural port catheter (SIPP) for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) management in young patients with cancer, in a palliative care setting is not well explored. This monocentric series analyzed 38 patients, median age 18 years (range 3–25) with significant pleural effusion. SIPP were considered efficient for eight of 12 evaluable patients (67%) and allowed MPE outpatient management in five cases. SIPPs are safe and efficient device to manage MPE patients with solid tumors, in the palliative care setting. This original tool could help health care providers for thoracic symptom management in alternative to iterative pleural punctures.
A two‐stage prediction model for heterogeneous effects of treatments
Authors: Chalkou Konstantina , Steyerberg Ewout , Egger Matthias , Manca Andrea , Pellegrini Fabio , Salanti Georgia
Published: May 2021

Treatment effects vary across different patients, and estimation of this variability is essential for clinical decision‐making. We aimed to develop a model estimating the benefit of alternative treatment options for individual patients, extending a risk modeling approach in a network meta‐analysis framework. We propose a two‐stage prediction model for heterogeneous treatment effects by combining prognosis research and network meta‐analysis methods where individual patient data are available. In the first stage, a prognostic model to predict the baseline risk of the outcome. In the second stage, we use the baseline risk score from the first stage as a single prognostic factor and effect modifier in a network meta‐regression model. We apply the approach to a network meta‐analysis of three randomized clinical trials comparing the relapses in Natalizumab, Glatiramer Acetate, and Dimethyl Fumarate, including 3590 patients diagnosed with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. We find that the baseline risk score modifies the relative and absolute treatment effects. Several patient characteristics, such as age and disability status, impact the baseline risk of relapse, which in turn moderates the benefit expected for each of the treatments. For high‐risk patients, the treatment that minimizes the risk of relapse in 2 years is Natalizumab, whereas Dimethyl Fumarate might be a better option for low‐risk patients. Our approach can be easily extended to all outcomes of interest and has the potential to inform a personalized treatment approach.
Atomic Scale Tracking of Single Layer Oxide Formation: Self‐Peeling and Phase Transition in Solution
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Jiang Youhong , Fan Qiyuan , Qu Mi , He Nana , Deng Junxian , Sun Yue , Cheng Jun , Liao Hong‐Gang , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: May 2021

Liquid phase electron microscopy (TEM) is used to track the formation of In2O3 ultrathin nanosheet in solution at atomic scale. This observation reveals that the formation of few atomic layer nanosheet goes through a complicated phase transition process from InCl3.3H2O to In(OH)3 and then to In2O3. Interestingly, the intermediate InCl3.3H2O nanosheet can grow via either layer by layer or the strain‐driven enation growth from precursor solution. Moreover, in situ TEM results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the oleylamine is responsible for the self‐peeling process. These findings can provide atomic‐level insight for the understanding of how 2D nanomaterial grows and transforms in solution.
Exploring the attitudes of Bavarian farmers towards pain in cattle and how they differ from the attitudes of bovine veterinarians
Authors: Tschoner Theresa , Sauter‐Louis Carola , Peinhofer Verena , Feist Melanie
Published: May 2021

Background: Assessment of pain in cattle depends on the observer's experience and evaluation. Only a few studies compare veterinarians’ and farmers’ attitudes towards pain in cattle.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 1097 cattle practitioners and 3750 farmers. Return rate was 26.2% for veterinarians and 15.4% for farmers, respectively. Respondents were asked to score the painfulness of procedures and diseases in cattle on a numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable), to give their opinion about the use of analgesics during and after procedures, and to agree or disagree with given statements.

Results: There were no significant differences between pain scores awarded by veterinarians and farmers, but significant differences in parameters both groups relied on for pain assessment. Farmers were less willing than veterinarians to use analgesia during and after procedures. There was no significant difference in the amount of money veterinarians thought farmers would spent on analgesia and farmers’ actual statements.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that farmers and veterinarians assess pain severity similarly, but recognise pain differently and disagree in their opinion regarding the use of analgesics. The communication between both groups needs to be improved to ensure proper pain management.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a cat with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Del Vecchio Omar Victor
Published: May 2021

This case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a 10‐year‐old cat with hind limb lameness due to cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The pre‐operative MRI findings about the absence of cranial cruciate ligament, intra‐articular mineralizations and joint effusion were confirmed during intra‐articular surgery, in which reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament using a string of fascia lata led to an excellent outcome for the patient. MRI could be useful for diagnosing a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in cats. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of MRI to diagnose cranial cruciate ligament rupture in cats, with intra‐operative confirmation of the imaging findings.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Conformation Probe of Novel Europium Complex of Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: 1,3‐Bis(1‐carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium Bromide
Authors: Sun Huimin , Liu Mengchen , Fu Xiaofang , Xin Tingting , Wang Yibo , Wang Si , Wang Jing , Diao Yanyan , Yang Feifei , Zhang Ting
Published: May 2021

A novel europium complex [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O derived from 1,3‐bis (1‐carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium bromide ([H2bcei]Br, C9N2O4H11=bcei2−) was synthesized by solvothermal method. [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O possesses 3D structure constructed by Eu−O coordination bonds. In this complex, there are two coordinated environments around Eu3+, and Eu1 and Eu2 are eight‐ and seven‐ coordinated chemical sphere, respectively. The hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between H2O molecules, Br− ions and the 3D framework with positive charges enhance its thermostability. So above the temperature of 290 °C, the 3D framework of [Eu2(C9N2O4H11)3(OH)2]Br ⋅ H2O begins to decompose. The high‐resolution emission spectrum of the complex had been measured, which is consistent with the results of the X‐ray crystal structure analysis, and luminescence lifetime for the complex is 0.937 ms.
Going Global: The World Health Organization
Authors: Leape Lucian L.
Published: May 2021

Where was the World Health Organization on patient safety? Patient safety was taking off in the USA and the UK, and there were stirrings in Canada, Australia, Denmark, Spain, and a few other European countries, but what about the rest of the world? What about developing countries? With fewer resources, their needs for attention to medical harm might well be even greater.
Defining acoustic emission-based condition monitoring indicators for monitoring piston rod seal and bearing wear in hydraulic cylinders
Authors: Shanbhag Vignesh V. , Meyer Thomas J. J. , Caspers Leo W. , Schlanbusch Rune
Published: May 2021

Fluid leakage from hydraulic cylinders is a major concern for the offshore industries as it directly affects hydraulic cylinder energy efficiency and causes environmental contamination. There have been attempts made in literature to develop robust condition monitoring techniques for hydraulic cylinders. However, most of these studies were performed to identify degradation of single components. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to monitor degradation of multiple components simultaneously in hydraulic cylinders using acoustic emissions. Experiments performed consist of three test phases and were performed using a hydraulic test rig. In the first test phase, the study is performed to identify acoustic emission features that can be used to monitor piston rod seal wear. In the second test phase, acoustic emission features are identified that can be used to understand bearing wear when unworn, semi-worn or worn piston rod seals are used in hydraulic test rig. In the third test phase, a run-to-failure test is conducted to identify acoustic emission features that can indicate fluid leakage initiation due to piston rod seal wear. The median frequency feature showed good repeatability in all the three test phases to identify piston rod seal wear, bearing wear and fluid leakage initiation during the initial stages in the hydraulic test rig. The proposed acoustic emission-based condition monitoring technique is robust and can be used for the hydraulic cylinders in the industries, as it identifies acoustic emission features based on particular frequency bands associated to specific components, making it less susceptible to noise from other components.
The two facets of gp130 signalling in liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Schmidt-Arras Dirk , Galun Eithan , Rose-John Stefan
Published: May 2021

The liver is a vital organ with multiple functions and a large regenerative capacity. Tumours of the liver are the second most frequently cause of cancer-related death and develop in chronically inflamed livers. IL-6-type cytokines are mediators of inflammation and almost all members signal via the receptor subunit gp130 and the downstream signalling molecule STAT3. We here summarize current knowledge on how gp130 signalling and STAT3 in tumour cells and cells of the tumour micro-environment drives hepatic tumorigenesis. We furthermore discuss very recent findings describing also anti-tumorigenic roles of gp130/STAT3 and important considerations for therapeutic interventions.
Zeitlich aufgelöste Modellierung des Energieverbrauchs bei der Elektrostahlproduktion
Authors: Dock Johannes , Janz Daniel , Weiss Jakob , Marschnig Aaron , Rahnama Mobarakeh Maedeh , Kienberger Thomas
Published: May 2021

Die Stahlherstellung entlang der Elektrolichtbogenofenroute hat das Potenzial, einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Dekarbonisierung der Stahlindustrie zu leisten. Das Erschmelzen von Stahlschrott und direkt reduziertem Eisen im Elektrolichtbogenofen (EAF) stellt eine Alternative zur energie- und emissionsintensiven integrierten Stahlproduktion mittels Hochofen und Konverter dar. Entscheidend für die Herstellung von CO2-armen Stahl im sogenannten Elektrostahlwerk ist jedoch die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz sowie der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energie im Produktionsprozess. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie beschreiben wir die Entwicklung eines vollständigen, energieträgerübergreifenden, zeitlich und technologisch aufgelösten Energiesystemmodells eines Elektrostahlwerkes, welches der Bewertung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen sowie der Integration erneuerbarer Energie dient.
CoCo 2019: report on the eighth confluence competition
Authors: Middeldorp Aart , Nagele Julian , Shintani Kiraku
Published: May 2021

We report on the 2019 edition of the Confluence Competition, a competition of software tools that aim to prove or disprove confluence and related (undecidable) properties of rewrite systems automatically.
Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA): an interdisciplinary German research project
Authors: Lehmann Gerlind U. C. , Bakanov Nikita , Behnisch Martin , Bourlat Sarah J. , Brühl Carsten A. , Eichler Lisa , Fickel Thomas , Geiger Matthias F. , Gemeinholzer Birgit , Hörren Thomas , Köthe Sebastian , Lux Alexandra , Meinel Gotthard , Mühlethaler Roland , Poglitsch Hanna , Schäffler Livia , Schlechtriemen Ulrich , Schneider Florian D. , Schulte Ralf , Sorg Martin , Sprenger Maximilian , Swenson Stephanie J. , Terlau Wiltrud , Turck Angela , Zizka Vera M. A.
Published: May 2021

Insect declines and biodiversity loss have attracted much attention in recent years, but lack of comprehensive data, conflicting interests among stakeholders and insufficient policy guidance hinder progress in preserving biodiversity. The project DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) investigates insect communities in 21 nature reserves in Germany. All selected conservation sites border arable land, with agricultural practices assumed to influence insect populations. We taught citizen scientists how to manage Malaise traps for insect collection, and subsequently used a DNA metabarcoding approach for species identification. Vegetation surveys, plant metabarcoding as well as geospatial and ecotoxicological analyses will help to unravel contributing factors for the deterioration of insect communities. As a pioneering research project in this field, DINA includes a transdisciplinary dialogue involving relevant stakeholders such as local authorities, policymakers, and farmers, which aims at a shared understanding of conservation goals and action pathways. Stakeholder engagement combined with scientific results will support the development of sound policy recommendations to improve legal frameworks, landscape planning, land use, and conservation strategies. With this transdisciplinary approach, we aim to provide the background knowledge to implement policy strategies that will halt further decline of insects in German protected areas.
Ways to Knowledge-First Believe
Authors: Wimmer Simon
Published: May 2021

On a widely suggested knowledge-first account of belief, to believe p is to $$\Phi $$
Φ
(e.g. treat p) as if one knew p. I challenge this view by arguing against various regimentations of it. I conclude by generalizing my argument to alternative knowledge-first views suggested by Williamson and Wimmer.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Aydoğan Reyhan , Baarslag Tim , Gerding Enrico
Published: May 2021

Conflict resolution is essential to obtain cooperation in many scenarios such as politics and business, as well as our day to day life. The importance of conflict resolution has driven research in many fields like anthropology, social science, psychology, mathematics, biology and, more recently, in artificial intelligence. Computer science and artificial intelligence have, in turn, been inspired by theories and techniques from these disciplines, which has led to a variety of computational models and approaches, such as automated negotiation, group decision making, argumentation, preference aggregation, and human-machine interaction. To bring together the different research strands and disciplines in conflict resolution, the Workshop on Conflict Resolution in Decision Making (COREDEMA) was organized. This special issue benefited from the workshop series, and consists of significantly extended and revised selected papers from the ECAI 2016 COREDEMA workshop, as well as completely new contributions.
Fine-tuning of a generative neural network for designing multi-target compounds
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: May 2021

Exploring the origin of multi-target activity of small molecules and designing new multi-target compounds are highly topical issues in pharmaceutical research. We have investigated the ability of a generative neural network to create multi-target compounds. Data sets of experimentally confirmed multi-target, single-target, and consistently inactive compounds were extracted from public screening data considering positive and negative assay results. These data sets were used to fine-tune the REINVENT generative model via transfer learning to systematically recognize multi-target compounds, distinguish them from single-target or inactive compounds, and construct new multi-target compounds. During fine-tuning, the model showed a clear tendency to increasingly generate multi-target compounds and structural analogs. Our findings indicate that generative models can be adopted for de novo multi-target compound design.
Categoricity by convention
Authors: Murzi Julien , Topey Brett
Published: May 2021

On a widespread naturalist view, the meanings of mathematical terms are determined, and can only be determined, by the way we use mathematical language—in particular, by the basic mathematical principles we’re disposed to accept. But it’s mysterious how this can be so, since, as is well known, minimally strong first-order theories are non-categorical and so are compatible with countless non-isomorphic interpretations. As for second-order theories: though they typically enjoy categoricity results—for instance, Dedekind’s categoricity theorem for second-order and Zermelo’s quasi-categoricity theorem for second-order —these results require full second-order logic. So appealing to these results seems only to push the problem back, since the principles of second-order logic are themselves non-categorical: those principles are compatible with restricted interpretations of the second-order quantifiers on which Dedekind’s and Zermelo’s results are no longer available. In this paper, we provide a naturalist-friendly, non-revisionary solution to an analogous but seemingly more basic problem—Carnap’s Categoricity Problem for propositional and first-order logic—and show that our solution generalizes, giving us full second-order logic and thereby securing the categoricity or quasi-categoricity of second-order mathematical theories. Briefly, the first-order quantifiers have their intended interpretation, we claim, because we’re disposed to follow the quantifier rules in an open-ended way. As we show, given this open-endedness, the interpretation of the quantifiers must be permutation-invariant and so, by a theorem recently proved by Bonnay and Westerståhl, must be the standard interpretation. Analogously for the second-order case: we prove, by generalizing Bonnay and Westerståhl’s theorem, that the permutation invariance of the interpretation of the second-order quantifiers, guaranteed once again by the open-endedness of our inferential dispositions, suffices to yield full second-order logic.
Measurement invariance of the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and latent mean differences (SWEMWBS) in young people by current care status
Authors: Anthony Rebecca , Moore Graham , Page Nicholas , Hewitt Gillian , Murphy Simon , Melendez-Torres G. J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Studying mental wellbeing requires the use of reliable, valid, and practical assessment tools, such as the Short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Research on the mental wellbeing of children in care is sparse. The current study aims to: (1) examine the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS; (2) assess measurement invariance of SWEMWBS across children and young people in care compared to their peers not in care; and (3) investigate the latent factor mean differences between care status groups.

Methods

We used data from the 2017 School Health Research Network Student Health and Wellbeing (SHW) survey, completed by 103,971 students in years 7 to 11 from 193 secondary schools in Wales. The final data include a total of 2,795 participants (46% boys), which includes all children in care and a sub-sample of children not in care who completed the SWEMWBS scale fully and answered questions about their living situation.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS is invariant across groups of young people in foster, residential and kinship care compared to children and young people not in care at configural, metric and scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that young people in care reported lower mental wellbeing than their peers, with those in residential care reporting the lowest scores.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that SWEMWBS is a valid scale for measuring differences in mental wellbeing for young people in care similar to the population.
Testing Creativity and Personality to Explore Creative Potentials in the Science Classroom
Authors: Roth Tamara , Conradty Cathérine , Bogner Franz X.
Published: May 2021

Integrating creativity into science classes may pave the way to tapping complex scientific phenomena. Although not yet conclusively defined nor assessed using standardized measures, creativity is understood to support cognitive learning in formal and informal settings. However, the successful integration of creativity in educational modules depends on many factors. As our knowledge of how to identify these factors is still limited, teachers may have difficulties effectively monitoring and fostering creativity. Consequently, a valid means to measure creativity would help teachers to identify creativity and its influencing factors within the limited scope of science lessons. In the present study, we collected data from 538 Bavarian secondary school students (M ± SD = 16.96 ± 2.99; 65.4%, female) focussing on personality and creativity measures. Comparable to previous studies, two subscales for creativity were applied: act, comprising conscious and adaptable cognitive processes, and flow, describing a creative mental state of full immersion. Since personality is understood to be linked to creativity, we used the Big Five scale with its shortened item battery to assess personality. We found that personal characteristics such as conscientiousness and flow, openness and agreeableness, and extraversion and neuroticism were significantly correlated. Anticipated gender and age differences were only evident when extreme groups were compared: age influenced act in younger male students and flow in older female students. Drawing on the literature and our results, we suggest pedagogical approaches to provide opportunities for creativity in science classrooms.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Pore-Scale Trapping Events During Capillary-Dominated Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Shams Mosayeb , Singh Kamaljit , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J.
Published: May 2021

This study focuses on direct numerical simulation of imbibition, displacement of the non-wetting phase by the wetting phase, through water-wet carbonate rocks. We simulate multiphase flow in a limestone and compare our results with high-resolution synchrotron X-ray images of displacement previously published in the literature by Singh et al. (Sci Rep 7:5192, 2017). We use the results to interpret the observed displacement events that cannot be described using conventional metrics such as pore-to-throat aspect ratio. We show that the complex geometry of porous media can dictate a curvature balance that prevents snap-off from happening in spite of favourable large aspect ratios. We also show that pinned fluid-fluid-solid contact lines can lead to snap-off of small ganglia on pore walls; we propose that this pinning is caused by sub-resolution roughness on scales of less than a micron. Our numerical results show that even in water-wet porous media, we need to allow pinned contacts in place to reproduce experimental results.
The interplay of marketing and design
Authors: Henseler Jörg , Guerreiro Manuela , de Matos Nelson
Published: May 2021

This paper provides insights into the interdisciplinary intersections between marketing and design. It explores the various design intersections in the marketing fields. The collaboration between marketing and design is restricted by the paradigm boundaries, but not by the industry, researchers, and research projects. Challenges for both disciplines' future are explored, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in marketing.
Effect of Wnt5a on drug resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Amioka Ai , Kadoya Takayuki , Sueoka Satoshi , Kobayashi Yoshie , Sasada Shinsuke , Emi Akiko , Masumoto Norio , Ito Masaoki , Nakayama Koh , Okada Morihito
Published: May 2021

Background

Previously, we reported that Wnt5a-positive breast cancer can be classified as estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; its prognosis is worse than that of Wnt5a-negative breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the poor prognosis in Wnt5a-positive breast cancer patients.

Methods

In total, 151 consecutive ER-positive breast cancer patients who underwent resection between January 2011 and February 2014 were enrolled. DNA microarray and pathway analyses were conducted using MCF-7 cells stably expressing Wnt5a [MCF-7/Wnt5a (+)]. Based on the outcomes, cell viability/drug sensitivity assays, and mutation analysis were performed using cell cultures and breast cancer tissues. The relationship between Wnt5a and the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway was also examined.

Results

The relapse-free survival rate in patients with Wnt5a-positive breast cancer was significantly lower than that in patients with Wnt5a-negative breast cancer (P = 0.047). DNA microarray data suggest that only the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway was significantly upregulated in MCF-7/Wnt5a (+) cells (P = 0.0440). Additionally, MCF-7/Wnt5a (+) cells displayed reduced sensitivity to the metabolic substrates of CYP, tamoxifen (P < 0.001), paclitaxel (P < 0.001), and cyclophosphamide (P < 0.001). Of note, PIK3CA mutations were not associated with the expression of Wnt5a in breast cancer tissue and culture cells.

Conclusions

In ER-positive breast cancer, Wnt5a upregulates the CYP metabolic pathway and suppresses tamoxifen, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide resistance, all of the three, standard treatment methods for ER-positive breast cancer. Wnt5a is thus potentially involved in the poor prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer independently of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway.
Introduction to Stellar Dynamics
Authors: Ciotti Luca
Published: May 2021

The study of stellar dynamics is experiencing an exciting new wave of interest thanks to observational campaigns and the ready availability of powerful computers. Whilst its relevance includes many areas of astrophysics, from the structure of the Milky Way to dark matter halos, few texts are suited to advanced students. This volume provides a broad overview of the key concepts beyond the elementary level, bridging the gap between the standard texts and specialist literature. The author reviews Newtonian gravity in depth before examining the dynamical properties of collisional and collisionless stellar-dynamical systems that result from gravitational interactions. Guided examples and exercises ensure a thorough grounding in the mathematics, while discussions of important practical applications give a complete picture of the subject. Readers are given a sound working knowledge of the fundamental ideas and techniques employed in the field and the conceptual background needed to progress to more advanced graduate-level treatises.
Property Rights and Social Justice
Authors: Walsh Rachael
Published: May 2021

Property Rights and Social Justice analyses 'progressive property' in action by examining the role of constitutional property rights guarantees in mediating private ownership and social justice. It combines insights from property theory with enlightening doctrinal analysis of the interaction between property rights and social justice in the constitutional and broader legal context. It does so through the prism of the Irish Constitution's property guarantees, which uniquely in the English-speaking, common law world both protect property rights and requires their regulation by the State to secure social justice. Through this analysis, the book grounds key debates in contemporary property theory in fresh, illuminating doctrinal examples, and enhances global debates about the constitutional protection of property rights. It argues that primacy is perhaps inevitably afforded to political determinations about the appropriate mediation of property rights and social justice, meaning that the political impact of constitutionalisation needs to be disentangled from its strict legal effects.
Poland's Solidarity Movement and the Global Politics of Human Rights
Authors: Brier Robert
Published: May 2021

In the historiography of human rights, the 1980s feature as little more than an afterthought to the human rights breakthrough of the previous decade. Through an examination of one of the major actors of recent human rights history – Poland's Solidarity movement – Robert Brier challenges this view. Suppressed in 1981, Poland's Solidarity movement was supported by a surprisingly diverse array of international groups: US Cold Warriors, French left-wing intellectuals, trade unionists, Amnesty International, even Chilean opponents of the Pinochet regime. By unpacking the politics and transnational discourses of these groups, Brier demonstrates how precarious the position of human rights in international politics remained well into the 1980s. More importantly, he shows that human rights were a profoundly political and highly contested language, which actors in East and West adopted to redefine their social and political identities in times of momentous cultural and intellectual change.
Democracy of Expression
Authors: Kenyon Andrew T.
Published: May 2021

Free speech has positive dimensions of enablement and negative dimensions of non-restraint, both of which require protection for democracy to have substantial communicative legitimacy. In Democracy of Expression, Andrew Kenyon explores this need for sustained plural public speech linked with positive communicative freedom. Drawing on sources from media studies, human rights, political theory, free speech theory and case law, Kenyon shows how positive dimensions of free speech could be imagined and pursued. While recognising that democratic governments face challenges of public communication and free speech that cannot be easily solved, Kenyon argues that understanding the nature of these challenges (including the value of positive free speech) at least makes possible a democracy of expression in which society has a voice, formulates judgments, and makes effective claims of government. In this groundbreaking work, Kenyon not only reframes how we conceptualize free speech, but also provides a roadmap for reform.
Why Me?
Authors: Bogdan Radu J.
Published: May 2021

This book explores the evolution of the mental competence for self-reflection: why it evolved, under what selection pressures, in what environments, out of what precursors, and with what mental resources. Integrating evolutionary, psychological, and philosophical perspectives, Radu J. Bogdan argues that the competence for self-reflection, uniquely human and initially autobiographical, evolved under strong and persistent sociocultural and political (collaborative and competitive) pressures on the developing minds of older children and later adults. Self-reflection originated in a basic propensity of the human brain to rehearse anticipatively mental states, speech acts, actions, and states of the world in order to service one's elaborate goal policies. These goal policies integrate offline representations of one's own mental states and actions and those of others in order to handle the challenges of a complex and dynamic sociopolitical and sociocultural life, calling for an adaptive intramental self-regulation: that intramental adaptation is self-reflection.
A repairable carbon nanotube web-based electro-thermal heater and damage sensor for aerospace applications
Authors: Yao X. , Hawkins S.C. , Falzon B.G.
Published: May 2021

We previously described an efficient, lightweight and flexible electro-thermal system, based on directly drawn carbon nanotube web (CNT web), as part of an icing protection system for carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite aircraft structures. The location of the heating elements on critical lifting surface leading edges or nacelle intake lips makes them particularly susceptible to impact damage, which may leave no visible mark. This makes it desirable to have both a mechanism for identifying the location of damage to the CNT structure (and by inference, potential damage to the underlying CFRP) and a process for restoring the CNT heater to full operation. With the CNT web acting as a sensor, impact damage is identified by an increase in electrical resistance and, particularly, by infrared imaging, which reveals a cold spot or zone depending upon the CNT web layup. Whereas a unidirectional CNT web layup exhibits a large increase in resistance and loss of a full width band of operation, a cross ply quasi-isotropic CNT web arrangement suffers only a small increase in resistance and a loss of function that is highly localised to the damaged area. A novel methodology, based on dispersed CNT in resin, is described for repairing and reconnecting the CNT structure and restoring functionality. A CNT web-based electro-thermal element was applied to the leading edge of a representative carbon-fibre composite wing section to demonstrate the flexibility of this system.