bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification in gynecological malignancies
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Liu Ning
Published: July 2022

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the most abundant modifications in eukaryotic mRNA, regulated by m6A methyltransferase and demethylase. m6A modified RNA is specifically recognized and bound by m6A recognition proteins, which mediate splicing, maturation, exonucleation, degradation, and translation. In gynecologic malignancies, m6A RNA modification‐related molecules are expressed aberrantly, significantly altering the posttranscriptional methylation level of the target genes and their stability. The m6A modification also regulates related metabolic pathways, thereby controlling tumor development. This review analyzes the composition and mode of action of m6A modification‐related proteins and their biological functions in the malignant progression of gynecologic malignancies, which provide new ideas for the early clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of gynecologic malignancies.
Lack of consensus among healthcare professionals at a large academic medical center on the use of exome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Johnson Kylie , Erfani Hadi , Maktabi Mohamad Ali , Van den Veyver Ignatia , Nassef Salma
Published: July 2022

Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) is increasingly used for prenatal diagnosis because emerging data indicate it has incremental diagnostic benefit in pregnancies with fetal anomalies without identified genetic abnormalities by karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical community's attitude toward the clinical utility and use of exome sequencing for prenatal diagnosis and to address differences in attitudes and responses by type of practitioner, level of training, and years passed since last full‐time training. We analyzed the answers of 109 trainees and professionals in the fields of genetic counseling, laboratory science, and medicine to an online survey addressing these topics. Multiple‐choice questions asked participants about their awareness of prenatal ES and what genetic test they would choose to order in certain scenarios. Likert‐scale questions assessed participants' opinions of statements asserting when prenatal ES should be used for diagnostic testing. Attitude toward the use of prenatal ES statistically differed (p < 0.05) by type of participant and level of training. Practicing genetic counselors and physicians were more selective in their recommendations for prenatal ES than laboratory scientists. Genetic counseling students and practicing genetic counselors felt similarly about indications for the use of prenatal ES, whereas medical students were more liberal in their recommendations for prenatal ES than practicing physicians. This study shows a lack of consensus among the medical community regarding the clinical utility and indications for prenatal ES.
A seroepidemiological study across age groups before and after the 2010–2011 mumps epidemic in Japan
Authors: Morino Saeko , Satoh Hiroshi , Arai Satoru , Suzuki Motoi , Tanaka‐Taya Keiko
Published: July 2022

In Japan, large‐scale mumps epidemics recur every 4–6 years because of low vaccination coverage. This study aimed to describe the seroprevalence of mumps in the Japanese population and identify the age groups most affected. The prevalence of anti‐mumps antibodies was evaluated based on 1000 serum samples obtained from the Japanese National Serum Reference Bank. These samples consisted of 50 sera for each of 10 different age groups, collected during 2007–2008 (pre‐epidemic period) and 2012–2013 (post‐epidemic period). Seropositivity was lowest in the 6–11 months subgroup (3% and 0% in pre‐ and post‐epidemic periods, respectively) and highest in the 10–14 years group (66% and 72% in pre‐ and post‐epidemic periods, respectively). A comparison of anti‐mumps antibody prevalence throughout the two periods considered revealed a large rise in seropositivity among the 2004–2008 birth cohort, using that of the 1–4 years group as representative in the pre‐epidemic period (from 22% in pre‐ to 58% in post‐epidemic periods; p = 0.0002). These results indicate that most people likely gain antibodies to the mumps virus during their childhood, especially during the first epidemic that they experience after their second year of life. Therefore, children should be vaccinated against mumps soon after their first birthday for effective prevention.
Learning Curve of USgHIFU Ablation for Uterine Fibroids: A Multi‐Center Prospective Study
Authors: Liu Dang , Zhang Xinyue , Gong Xue , Yang Chao , Zhang Rong , Chen Wenzhi , Chen Jinyun
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To verify the stability of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology and the feasibility of training programs with learning curve cumulative summation (LC‐CUSUM).

Methods

A total of 12 physicians and 720 cases were equally assigned to the learning group and the control group, with 6 physicians and 360 cases per group. The learning group was treated by physicians without HIFU experience and the control group was treated by experienced physicians. Nonperfused volume (NPV) ratio was assessed by contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Technical failure was defined as NPV ratio of uterine fibroids <70% and/or major complication, while <80% was set as a stricter standard of training qualification. LC‐CUSUM was used to analyze the learning curve.

Results

Physicians with or without HIFU experience in both groups achieved matchable NPV ratios, where a NPV ratio of 92.52% (16.06) was achieved by experienced physicians and 93.82% (16.95) by inexperienced physicians. No major complication was observed. The results of LC‐CUSUM analysis showed that, with the standards of the NPV ratio of 70% or 80%, the learning group mastered the technique on the 11th case and the 16th case, respectively, while the control group was stable.

Conclusions

HIFU technology stayed stable in operation, with good safety and sound effectiveness, and was easy to learn. NPV ratio of 70% was considered as an appropriate indicator of training qualification. HIFU has remarkable prospects in achieving a NPV ratio of ≥80% without safety being compromised.
Outcomes for Organ Preservation with Chemoradiation Therapy for T4 Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer
Authors: Eita Amgad , Mohamed Nader , Rybkin Alisa , Kang Jung Julie , Fiasconaro Megan , Zhigang Zhang , Zakeri Kaveh , Yu Yao , Sadaka Emad , Sherman Eric , Dunn Lara , Cracchiolo Jennifer , Wong Richard J. , Cohen Marc , Lee Nancy Y.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Limited data is available to guide non‐surgical management of Stage T4 larynx and hypopharynx cancer patients who have inoperable disease or refuse surgery. We aim to review the nonoperative management of T4 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and report the long‐term therapeutic and functional outcomes.

Methods

We reviewed the nonoperative management of T4 laryngeal (n = 44) and hypopharyngeal (n = 53) cancer from 1997 to 2015 and performed a univariate analysis (UVA).

Results

The 2‐/5‐year OS rates were 73%/38% for larynx patients and 52%/29% for hypopharynx patients. Locoregional failure (LRF) occurred in 25% and 19% of larynx and hypopharynx patients, respectively. On UVA of the larynx subset, N3 nodal status and non‐intensity‐modulated radiation therapy were negatively associated with OS; treatment with radiation therapy alone impacted disease‐free survival; and age >70 was associated with LRF. On UVA of the hypopharynx subset, only T4b status significantly impacted OS. In the larynx and hypopharynx groups, 68% and 85% received a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube and 32% and 40% received a tracheostomy tube, respectively. At the last follow‐up visit, 66% of our larynx cohort had neither tracheostomy or PEG placed and 40% of our hypopharynx cohort had neither.

Conclusion

We report better than previously noted outcomes among T4 larynx and hypopharynx patients who have unresectable disease or refuse surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1138–1145, 2023
Validation of a surgical training model containing indocyanine green for near‐infrared fluorescence imaging
Authors: Nishio Naoki , Mitani Sohei , Sakamoto Kayo , Morimoto Gaku , Yokoi Sayaka , Shigeyama Mayu , Wada Akihisa , Mukoyama Nobuaki , Rosenthal Eben L. , Sone Michihiko
Published: July 2022

Objective

To determine the efficacy of a surgical training model for fluorescence‐guided cancer surgery and validate its utility to detect any residual tumors after tumor resection using electrocautery.

Methods

We developed surgical training models containing indocyanine green (ICG) for near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using a root vegetable organic material (konjac). After the fluorescence assessment for the models, the surgical simulation for fluorescence‐guided cancer surgery using electrocautery was performed. ICG‐containing tumors were divided into two surgical groups: “Enucleation” (removal of the entire visible tumor) and “Complete resection” (removal of the tumor with an appropriate 5‐mm surgical margin).

Results

All 12 ICG‐containing tumors were clearly visible from the normal view but not from the flipped view. The tumor resection time was significantly longer in the “Complete resection” group than in the “Enucleation” group (p < .001). The ICG‐containing tumors showed a high tumor‐to background ratio from the normal (average = 45.8) and flipped (average = 19.2) views, indicating that the models including ICG‐containing tumors were useful for a surgical simulation in fluorescence‐guided surgery. The average mean fluorescence intensity of the wound bed was significantly higher in the “Enucleation” group than in the “Complete resection” group (p < .01). No decrease in fluorescence signal was found in the wound bed even at 2 days postresection.

Conclusion

Our surgical training model containing a fluorescent agent is safe, inexpensive, not harmful for humans, and easy to dispose after use. Our model would be beneficial for surgeons to learn NIR fluorescence imaging and to accelerate fluorescence‐guided cancer surgery into clinical application.
Martensite transformation behavior and mechanical properties of two kinds of low‐nickel austenite stainless steel
Authors: Cai C. , Wu H. , Liao L. , Li J. , Chen Y.
Published: July 2022

In this study, tensile tests were performed to study the effect of martensitic transformation on mechanical properties. The effect of the martensitic transformation on the growth of austenite grains was also investigated. The result indicated that, with higher martensite content, alloy 2 possessed finer austenite grains and higher tensile strength. To compare the martensitic transformation behavior of the two steels, the Ms and Md30 temperatures, austenite stacking fault energies, and driving force were calculated by empirical equations. Equilibrium phase diagrams were calculated using Thermo‐Calc software. The kinetics of martensite volume fraction versus true strain was fitted by the sigmodal model. It was found that martensite volume fraction and deformation behavior exhibited significant differences in the two low‐nickel austenitic stainless steel. Both stacking fault energy and the driving force of transforming austenite to martensite have a critical role in strain‐induced martensite deformation. Beyond that, the prediction of martensite content by the sigmoidal equation was consistent with the experimental data.
Optical and electrical properties of perovskite microrods
Authors: Ahmed M.T. , Islam S. , Ahmed F.
Published: July 2022

Organic‐inorganic perovskites have become widely studied materials for their superior optoelectronic applications. This research reports the synthesis of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite microrods via one‐step deposition for optoelectronic applications. Crystalline and morphological structure, bond information, optical, and electrical characteristics have been studied. The perovskite microrods showed fine crystalinity with 90 nm–300 nm rod diameter with a high absorption coefficient over 104 cm−1. A very lesser refractive index (1.85–2.00) was observed in the visible region. A comparison among different bandgap measuring techniques has also been demonstrated and up to 5.5 % deviation in measured bandgap was observed.
FAPhigh α‐SMAlow cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived SLPI protein encapsulated in extracellular vesicles promotes ovarian cancer development via activation of PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Sun Luyao , Ke Miaola , Wang Xin , Yin Mengyuan , Wei Junni , Xu Lu , Tian Xing , Wang Fei , Zhang He , Fu Songbin , Zhang Chunyu
Published: July 2022

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide with high metastasis and poor prognosis rates. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a heterogeneous population of cells that constitutes a major component of the tumor microenvironment, secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) loading with proteins, lipids, and RNAs to promote tumorigenesis. However, the specific roles of CAF‐derived proteins contained in EVs in ovarian cancer remain poorly understood at present. Using the gene expression microarray analysis, we identified a list of dysregulated genes between the α‐SMA+CAF and FAP+CAF subpopulations, from which secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was chosen for further validation. Quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess SLPI expression in ovarian cancer cells, tissues, CAFs, and EVs. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of exogenous SLPI on proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Our results showed SLPI protein was upregulated in CAFs, particularly in the FAPhighα‐SMAlowCAF subpopulation, and associated with increased tumor grade and decreased overall survival (OS). Importantly, CAF‐derived SLPI protein could be encapsulated in EVs for delivery to ovarian cancer cells, thus facilitating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion via activating the PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, high plasma expression of SLPI encapsulated in EVs was closely correlated with tumor stage in ovarian cancer patients. Our collective results highlight an oncogenic role of plasma EV‐encapsulated SLPI secreted by CAFs in tumor progression for the first time, supporting its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer.
Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis
Authors: Seitz Kevin P. , Qian Edward T. , Semler Matthew W.
Published: July 2022

Sepsis is the dysregulated immune response to severe infection that is common and lethal among critically ill patients. Fluid administration is a common treatment for hypotension and shock in early sepsis. Fluid therapy can also cause edema and organ dysfunction. Research on the best treatment strategies for sepsis has provided insights on the optimal timing, dose, and type of fluid to treat patients with sepsis. Initial research on early goal‐directed therapy for sepsis included an initial bolus of 30 ml/kg of fluid, but more recent research has supported use of smaller volumes. After initial fluid resuscitation, minimizing additional fluid administration may be beneficial, but no single measure has been established as the best method to guide ongoing fluid management in sepsis. Dynamic measures of “fluid responsiveness” can predict which patients will experience an increase in cardiac output from a fluid bolus. Use of such a measure in clinical care remains limited by applicability to patient populations and uncertainty regarding the effect on clinical outcomes. Recent research informs the effect of fluid composition on outcomes for patients with sepsis. Current data support the use of balanced crystalloids, rather than saline, and the use of crystalloids, rather than semisynthetic colloids. The role for albumin administration in sepsis remains uncertain. Future research should focus on determining the optimal volume of fluid during sepsis resuscitation, the effectiveness of measures of “fluid responsiveness” in improving outcomes, the optimal composition of crystalloid solutions, the role of albumin, and the effects of “deresuscitation” after septic shock.
Take Advantage of AWWA's Operator Training and Education Resources
Authors: Brewer Todd , Weikel Chad
Published: July 2022

Water treatment and distribution operators are critical to delivering a reliable water supply as well as safeguarding the environment and protecting public health. AWWA is committed to providing the training resources needed to help operators address current and future challenges.
A Novel Antiscalant Prevents Iron Fouling in a Brackish Water RO System
Authors: Malki Mohannad , Leal Jesus , Byrer Darrell
Published: July 2022

When a new reverse osmosis plant developed severe fouling and compromised performance, the owner worked with consultants to make adjustments and apply a solution that wouldn't disrupt plant operation.
Development of fluororubber foam by supercritical N2 foaming through irradiation pre‐crosslinking and secondary cross‐linking
Authors: Ma Le Yuan , Zhao Yingjie , Yu Zhen , Zhang Zhen Xiu , Wen Shibao
Published: July 2022

The preparation of fluororubber foam has always been a promising task because of its easy shrinkage characteristic, a promising way to overcome this challenge is to implement collaborative technology. Fluororubber foam with stable properties were successfully developed by irradiation pre‐crosslinking, followed by supercritical foaming and secondary cross‐linking in the oven using supercritical N2 as foaming agent. The cross‐linking degree and tensile modulus of fluororubber foam enhanced with the increased absorbed dose (40, 50, and 70 kGy), and the second cross‐linking effect was better at the dose of 40 kGy in fluororubber foam. The fluororubber foam without secondary cross‐linking would shrink gradually, however it could reach a stable state after secondary cross‐linking. Fluororubber filled with carbon black (5, 10, 15, and 20 phr) showed different modulus change trend in different strain range. Better fluororubber foam was obtained after secondary crosslinking, where the addition of carbon black promoted the fluororubber foams with more uniform cell structure. The secondary cross‐linking had a good stabilizing effect on fluororubber foam filled with carbon black, which had an important guiding significance in practical production.
A method of obtaining anisotropic loss factors of carbon fibers by indirect fitting
Authors: Guan Chengyu , Li Huimin , Yang Zhiyong
Published: July 2022

A fitting method is proposed to estimate the anisotropic loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers. In this fitting method, the loss factors of fibers are taken as unknown variables, storage modulus of fibers is assumed to be invariant. The generalized method of cells (GMC) is combined with the correspondence principle to calculate the loss factors of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and the loss factors of fibers are obtained by fitting the loss factors of composite material with the least square method. The loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers obtained by the fitting method are compared with the experiment and verified by the finite element method based on the direct‐solution steady‐state dynamic analysis and the representative volume element. Results show that the fitting method based on the GMC can accurately calculate the anisotropic loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers.
Raising awareness through the Global Tree Assessment: Extinction risk of six fully assessed tree groups
Authors: Hills Ryan , Marfleet Kate , Rivers Malin , Beech Emily , Barstow Megan , Davies Katharine , Crowley Dan , de Kok Rogier , Prance Ghillean
Published: July 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Trees are essential to life on earth—playing important economic, ecological and cultural roles. However, the world is facing a biodiversity crisis, and to be able to effectively conserve tree species with limited funds, we need to know which tree species are threatened. The Global Tree Assessment has addressed this gap in knowledge through accelerating the production of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. Analysing the results of completed taxonomic groups allows for targeted conservation. Here, we explore the extinction risk of six understudied genera with ethnobotanical uses, allowing for conservation priorities to be set.

To highlight the ongoing progress of the Global Tree Assessment, a synthesis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List data has been produced for six genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Liquidambar, Nectandra, Teijsmanniodendron and Tilia) which have all their tree species assessed. This was used to analyse the extinction risk within these groups with the aim of setting conservation priorities and raising awareness of genera not previously publicised in the Global Tree Assessment.

The genera were chosen based on completeness, in terms of number of tree species with published IUCN Red List assessments. IUCN Red List categories, threats and uses from each species' IUCN Red List assessment were analysed. An ex situ survey was also carried out to identify species found in botanic gardens, arboreta and seed banks.

Higher threat levels were found in the predominately tropical genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron) compared with the broadly more temperate genera (Tilia and Liquidambar). Habitat loss due to agriculture is a major threat in all genera with exploitation also a key threat to Gilbertiodendron and Tilia. Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron have no threatened species conserved in ex situ collections.

We have identified a need for a range of conservation measures, including collecting threatened species of these groups for ex situ conservation, to ensure no species becomes extinct.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a background of central nervous system tuberculosis
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sugeesha , Tillekeratne Menaka , Wijayawardhana Sasanka , Sadikeen Aflah , Priyankara Dilshan , Edirisooriya Manoj , Fernando Amitha
Published: July 2022

A 32‐year‐old patient, who was on treatment for tuberculous meningitis complicated with venous sinus thrombosis, was referred to the medical unit as he developed new onset fever, cough and shortness of breath. He was in respiratory distress and needed intubation. Investigations revealed elevated liver enzymes, leukopenia, spherocytosis and lower lobe predominant consolidations and diffuse nodules in the high‐resolution computed tomography. He was suspected to have cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia with the above results, and further investigations revealed an extremely elevated CMV viral load. He was treated with ganciclovir followed by valganciclovir for a total of 42 days resulting in a complete recovery. Liver functions resolved with anti‐viral treatment, and he was started on full anti‐tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Further investigations did not reveal evidence of immunosuppression. Association of CMV and TB is explained genetically, although clinical association is rarely described. The presence of either infection should lead to higher degree of suspicion of the respective other condition in relevant clinical setting.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for uncertain fractional‐order nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems via command filtering
Authors: Li Yulin , Wang Huanqing , Zhao Xudong , Xu Ning
Published: July 2022

This article puts forward an event‐triggered adaptive neural tracking control strategy for a class of uncertain fractional‐order nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints and dead‐zone inputs. The proposed control strategy is capable of surmounting an inherent shortcoming in most traditional backstepping control approaches which results from the repeated differentiation of virtual control functions, and enhancing the transmission efficiency of control signals by introducing an event‐triggered mechanism with a dynamic threshold condition. Furthermore, by constructing a novel barrier Lyapunov function in each step of the backstepping procedure, the design difficulty arising from the system state constraints issue under fractional‐order cases is resolved. It is strictly proved that the tracking error can converge into a desired small neighborhood of the origin and all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of our proposed control strategy.
Ten competencies for the science misinformation crisis
Authors: Allchin Douglas
Published: July 2022

Scientific misinformation and disinformation, proliferating via the internet and social media, are now significant problems. Proposed solutions vary substantially. Here, I describe a set of prospective benchmarks—10 competencies—that seem essential for reorienting science education to address the challenge. They include, first, elements of epistemic motivation, including basic epistemological beliefs about “constructed” knowledge, adopting a posture of respect for empirical evidence, and an understanding of our epistemic dependence on experts. Second, the benchmarks include perspectives and skills in interacting with media sources. These include how to identify experts, how to identify credible gatekeepers, how to recognize deceptive strategies, and how to deal with social networks and technology. Finally, the competencies include self‐regulation, such as acknowledging the cognitive dispositions that bias our thinking (especially about information that challenges our pre‐existing beliefs) and the counter‐balancing role of consensus. I hope that these competency goals can function as a concrete target in guiding discussion of perhaps more complete or more nuanced approaches to the current crisis. With such competencies clearly and explicitly articulated, teachers will be better positioned to develop effective classroom strategies to nurture the relevant competencies.
Microencapsulation of High‐Content Actives Using Biodegradable Silk Materials
Authors: Liu Muchun , Millard Pierre‐Eric , Urch Henning , Zeyons Ophelie , Findley Douglas , Konradi Rupert , Marelli Benedetto
Published: July 2022

There is a compelling need across several industries to substitute non‐degradable, intentionally added microplastics with biodegradable alternatives. Nonetheless, stringent performance criteria in actives’ controlled release and manufacturing at scale of emerging materials hinder the replacement of polymers used for microplastics fabrication with circular ones. Here, the authors demonstrate that active microencapsulation in a structural protein such as silk fibroin can be achieved by modulating protein protonation and chain relaxation at the point of material assembly. Silk fibroin micelles’ size is tuned from several to hundreds of nanometers, enabling the manufacturing—by retrofitting spray drying and spray freeze drying techniques—of microcapsules with tunable morphology and structure, that is, hollow‐spongy, hollow‐smooth, hollow crumpled matrices, and hollow crumpled multi‐domain. Microcapsules degradation kinetics and sustained release of soluble and insoluble payloads typically used in cosmetic and agriculture applications are controlled by modulating fibroin's beta‐sheet content from 20% to near 40%. Ultraviolet‐visible studies indicate that burst release of a commonly used herbicide (i.e., saflufenacil) significantly decreases from 25% to 0.8% via silk fibroin microencapsulation. As a proof‐of‐concept for agrochemicals applications, a 6‐day greenhouse trial demonstrates that saflufenacil delivered on corn plants via silk microcapsules reduces crop injury when compared to the non‐encapsulated version.
Hierarchical Porous Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials for Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Zhao Jiamin , Zhang Wanglin , Liu Tao , Liu Yanhua , Qin Ying , Mo Jilong , Cai Chenchen , Zhang Song , Nie Shuangxi
Published: July 2022

Synthetic polymer materials such as paraformaldehyde and polyamides are widely used in the field of energy engineering. However, they pose a challenge to environmental sustainability because they are derived from petrochemicals that are non‐renewable and difficult to degrade in the natural environment. The development of high‐performance natural alternatives is clearly emerging as a promising mitigation option. Inspired by natural bamboo, this research reports a “three‐step” strategy for the large‐scale production of triboelectric materials with special nanostructures from natural bamboo. Benefiting from the special hierarchical porous structure of the material, Bamboo/polyaniline triboelectric materials can reach short‐circuit current of 2.9 µA and output power of 1.1 W m–2 at a working area of only 1 cm2, which exceeds most wood fiber‐based triboelectric materials. More importantly, it maintains 85% energy harvesting after an extreme environment of high temperature (200 °C), low temperature (−196 °C), combustion environment, and multiple thermal shocks (ΔT = 396 °C). This is unmatched by current synthetic polymer materials. This work provides new research ideas for the construction and application of biomass structural materials under extreme environmental conditions.
Numerical Study of the Bubble Behavior of a Ladle with Different Purging Plug Designs
Authors: Shang Shao-wei , Tan Fang-guan , He Zhu , Li Ya-wei , Li Jing
Published: July 2022

The purging plug determines the downtime and usage efficiency of the ladle‐refining process. Therefore, the optimization of its geometry can improve the ladle performance. Herein, suitable boundary conditions for numerical simulations are derived by combining water model experiments with numerical simulations. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as the distribution shape of the circular slits and spacing between the circles on the bubble size, is investigated. The results show that rectangular distribution facilitates the reduction of bubble size compared to circular distribution because of the larger slit spacing to bubble diameter () of the rectangular distribution. In addition, distributing more circular slits around the edge of the purging plug reduces the pressure gradient generated by the velocity difference from the center of the bubble plume to the sides and increases , which can decrease the probability of coalescence. Therefore, it is beneficial to reduce the overall bubble size in the ladle when the circular slits are more distributed at the edge of the purging plug.
Lower uterine segment thickness assessed by transvaginal ultrasound before labor induction: reproducibility analysis and relationship with delivery outcome
Authors: Del Campo A. , Aiartzaguena A. , Suárez B. , Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez L. , Burgos J.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the reproducibility of lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement before induction of labor (IOL), and to assess the relationship between LUS thickness and IOL outcomes.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of pregnant women undergoing IOL at term, conducted in a single tertiary hospital between July 2014 and February 2017. Women with a singleton pregnancy at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation, with a live fetus in cephalic presentation and a Bishop score of ≤ 6, were eligible for inclusion. Both nulliparous and parous women, and those with a previous Cesarean section (CS), were eligible. All women underwent transvaginal ultrasound assessment before IOL admission, and cervical length and LUS thickness were measured offline after delivery. Maternal and obstetric characteristics and Bishop score were recorded. The main outcome was the overall rate of CS after IOL, and secondary outcomes were CS for either failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL, and CS for failed IOL only. Interobserver agreement for measurement of LUS thickness between two operators was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis with the ANOVA test to evaluate systematic bias. Univariable and multivariable analysis were employed to evaluate the relationship between clinical and sonographic characteristics and IOL outcomes.

Results

Of 265 women included in the analysis, 195 (73.6%) had a vaginal delivery and 70 (26.4%) required a CS after IOL. Reproducibility analysis showed excellent interobserver agreement for the measurement of LUS thickness (ICC, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98)). On Bland–Altman analysis, the mean difference in LUS thickness between the two operators was 0.15 mm (95% limits of agreement, –1.84 to 2.14 mm), and there was no evidence of systematic bias (ANOVA test, P = 0.46). Univariable analysis showed that LUS thickness was associated significantly with overall CS (P = 0.002), CS for failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL (P = 0.03) and CS for failed IOL (P = 0.037). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, LUS thickness was an independent predictive factor for overall CS (odds ratio (OR), 1.149 (95% CI, 1.031–1.281)) and CS for failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL (OR, 1.226 (95% CI, 1.039–1.445)).

Conclusions

In women undergoing IOL at term, measurement of LUS thickness is feasible and reproducible, and is associated significantly with IOL outcome. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Badger genome grows Tree of Life
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: July 2022

Sequencing the genome of the European badger is the latest step in a project to determine the genomes of all species in the UK and beyond. Georgina Mills reports.
Looking ahead to the London Vet Show 2022
Authors: Innes Harriet
Published: July 2022

Following the success of BVA Live in June, BVA is now looking forward to the London Vet Show. BVA marketing and events officer Harriet Innes offers an early look at some of the sessions that will be on the programme this year.
The Political Groups as Organisations: The Institutionalisation of Transnational Party Politics
Authors: Bressanelli Edoardo
Published: July 2022

The chapter investigates the process of institutionalisation of the two major political groups in the European Parliament, the Group of the European People’s Party (EPP) and the Socialists and Democrats (S&D). It argues that the organisational development of the groups has been triggered by external events, such as the introduction of direct elections, the mega-enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe and the legislative empowerment of the EP. Based on a wealth of empirical material—from documents collected in the party archives to original interviews with senior administrators of the groups—it shows that, over time, they have become both more complex and differentiated, and more autonomous from the national member parties. Yet, the latter are still in control of the selection process of members and continue to play an important, but often overlooked, role within the group organisations.
How Do Eurosceptics Wage Opposition in the European Parliament? Patterns of Behaviour in the 8th Legislature
Authors: Brack Nathalie , Behm Anne-Sophie
Published: July 2022

Euroscepticism has become a persistent phenomenon in European politics and particularly in the EP. It is therefore crucial to understand how Eurosceptic MEPs behave within an institution they criticise or even totally oppose and how the differences between Eurosceptics can be explained. This contribution aims to shed light on these questions by analysing the parliamentary behaviour of opposing voices in the 8th EP legislature (2014–2019). The analysis shows that there are indeed diverging patterns of engagement among the three different types of opposition actors we identify. First, MEPs of the non-Eurosceptic, ‘loyal’ opposition aim to provide an alternative to the Grand Coalition and focus strongly on legislative but also scrutiny activities. Second, soft Eurosceptic MEPs, the ‘critical’ opposition, are less integrated in the EP, but still engage in parliamentary life. Finally, hard Eurosceptics can truly be identified as an ‘anti-system’ opposition, concentrating nearly exclusively on activities with a potential publicity character.
Case Study III: Regional Compass Hauts-de-France, Superimposing a Biorefinery, by Ahmed Yaman Abdin and Michèle Friend
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira
Published: July 2022

We introduce the beginning of a project to evaluate a region. The region chosen was Hauts-de-France. The choice was not strategic, but opportunistic. It is the region where we lived at the time: as part of the ERASMUS+ programme, Yaman had come over as a Ph.D. student from Saarland University to learn about the compass and philosophy of the environment.
Concluding Philosophical Remarks
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira
Published: July 2022

This chapter concludes the book, not the part of the book.
Vocabulary
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira
Published: July 2022

We begin by introducing the key words: “institution”, “institutional compass” and “ideological orientation” as they will be used here. We then briefly discuss how the book is organised and finally introduce some arguments to the effect that existing methods for decision making are inadequate, and therefore it is worth considering a stronger alternative. Lastly, the purpose of this introductory part of the book is to air the concepts of the compass in a flowing manner to give a first impression. The concepts will be refined in the following parts.
The State of the Art in Decision Making
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira
Published: July 2022

We compare the institutional compass to other decision aides.
The Compass as a Representation
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira
Published: July 2022

The compass represents a table of data, measuring each data point against the others in terms of its quality and strength. The representation is a sort of coded picture, and so, it can be used for communication. We interpret the arrow to tell us that our institution overall shows this general quality. We might be pleased, satisfied or alarmed by the final outcome. Because of the colours, the coded picture elicits emotions in its own right. Provided we select the colours well, we convey the message we want at an intuitive level. In the compasses we have a lighter area towards the centre, and the outer areas have a more intense colour. This is to emphasise the concept of the length of the arrow. A short arrow is balanced between the qualities, or is neutral between the qualities. Because of the strict geometry the compass also creates a sense of distance. We can look at it as a piece of information about the whole. We are then called upon to react to the position of the arrow, but also to reflect upon our own emotional reaction, especially when we are surprised by the position or length of the final arrow.
The eikonal operator at arbitrary velocities I: the soft-radiation limit
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo , Russo Rodolfo , Veneziano Gabriele
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Observables related to the real part of the gravitational eikonal, such as the deflection angle and time delay, have been found so far to have a smooth post-Minkowskian (PM) expansion whose validity extends from the non-relativistic to the most extreme ultra-relativistic (UR) regime, which smoothly connects with massless particle collisions. To describe gravitational radiation, the eikonal phase has to be promoted to a unitary operator for which we motivate a proposal and start discussing properties in the soft-radiation limit. A convergent PM expansion is found to only hold below an UR bound (discussed in the GR literature in the seventies) above which a different expansion is instead needed implying, in general, some non-analyticity in Newton’s constant. In this extreme UR regime soft radiative observables receive contributions only from gravitons and are therefore universal. This generalises the pattern discussed in [1] beyond the elastic case.
Generation of human myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells for in vivo regeneration
Authors: Kim Hyunkee , Perlingeiro Rita C. R.
Published: July 2022

Muscular dystrophy encompasses a large number of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by progressive and devastating muscle wasting. Cell-based replacement strategies aimed at promoting skeletal muscle regeneration represent a candidate therapeutic approach to treat muscular dystrophies. Due to the difficulties of obtaining large numbers of stem cells from a muscle biopsy as well as expanding these in vitro, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an attractive cell source for the generation of myogenic progenitors, given that PSCs can repeatedly produce large amounts of lineage-specific tissue, representing an unlimited source of cells for therapy. In this review, we focus on the progress to date on different methods for the generation of human PSC-derived myogenic progenitor cells, their regenerative capabilities upon transplantation, their potential for allogeneic and autologous transplantation, as well as the specific challenges to be considered for future therapeutic applications.
Trotter Product Formulae for $$*$$-Automorphisms of Quantum Lattice Systems
Authors: Bachmann Sven , Lange Markus
Published: July 2022

We consider the dynamics $$t\mapsto \tau _t$$

t
↦

τ
t

of an infinite quantum lattice system that is generated by a local interaction. If the interaction decomposes into a finite number of terms that are themselves local interactions, we show that $$\tau _t$$

τ
t

can be efficiently approximated by a product of n automorphisms, each of them being an alternating product generated by the individual terms. For any integer m, we construct a product formula (in the spirit of Trotter) such that the approximation error scales as $$n^{-m}$$

n

-
m

. Our bounds hold in norm, pointwise for algebra elements that are sufficiently well approximated by finite volume observables.
Gerinnungsmanagement bei der postpartalen Hämorrhagie
Authors: Haslinger Christian , Korte Wolfgang
Published: July 2022

Jede schwere postpartale Hämorrhagie (PPH) wird aufgrund der Pathophysiologie und der Behandlung in eine erworbene Gerinnungsstörung münden. Deshalb ist es unumgänglich, dass auch Geburtshelfer/innen die Grundzüge des Gerinnungsmanagements bei der PPH beherrschen. In einem ersten Schritt gilt es, die postpartal häufig anzutreffende gesteigerte Fibrinolyse zu durchbrechen durch die Gabe von Tranexamsäure. Die weiteren Schritte dienen der Aufrechterhaltung funktionierender Rahmenbedingungen für die Gerinnung: Volumenersatz durch kristalloide Infusionslösungen (keine Kolloide), Achten auf Körpertemperatur sowie Korrektur von Kalzium- und pH-Werten. Im Falle einer anhaltenden schweren PPH mit entsprechend hohem Blutverlust gilt es, die Gerinnung durch Gabe von Einzelfaktoren zu stützen (Faktor XIII, Fibrinogen) sowie ggf. Thrombozyten und Erythrozyten zu ersetzen. Bei massivem Blutverlust ist auf adäquaten Ersatz des Plasmavolumens zu achten; bei gleichzeitiger Koagulopathie bietet sich die Verabreichung von gefrorenem Frischplasma (FFP) an. Nach überstandener PPH besteht postpartal ein erhöhtes Thromboembolierisiko mit entsprechender Notwendigkeit zur Thromboseprophylaxe.
Effectiveness of supervised Kegel exercises using bio-feedback versus unsupervised Kegel exercises on stress urinary incontinence: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Cross Donelle , Waheed Nasreena , Krake Michelle , Gahreman Daniel
Published: July 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

The objective was to investigate and compare the efficacy of supervised Kegel exercises with bio-feedback on stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) compared with unsupervised Kegel exercises.

Method

Matched-group quasi-experimental study of 29 female participants divided into two groups (supervised and non-supervised) was conducted over 12 weeks. Baseline measurements of PFMS were undertaken by a women’s health physiotherapist and a Kegel exercise regime bespoke designed for each participant. The supervised group visited the physiotherapist monthly for bio-feedback training (BT); the unsupervised group continued at home with their individualised Kegel exercises. Data were collected via a perineometer (Peritron™) and self-reporting responses to questionnaires. All participants received a final PFMS measurement on completion of the study.

Results

Overall Incontinence Severity index (ISI) score was significantly lower in the supervised group post-intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that supervised Kegel exercises significantly reduced frequency (p= 0.002) and severity (p= 0.020) of overall ISI. Analysis of PFMS were not significantly different, despite an increase in maximum voluntary contraction or pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) (p= 0.032) in the supervised group. Of the questionnaires, results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated that “total bother” was significantly reduced (p= 0.005) in the supervised group. The correlation analysis between PFMS and ISI did not reveal any significant results.

Conclusions

The study confirmed that supervised BT is more effective in reducing SUI than unsupervised Kegel exercises, and that this reduction in ISI score did not correlate with the improvement in PFMS.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mortality in Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Patients: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ngo Xuan Thai , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Dobbs Ryan W. , Thai Minh Sam , Vu Duc Huy , Dinh Le Quy Van , Quy Khoa , Le Hieu Trong , Hoang Tien‐Dat , Ngo Hanh Thi Tuyet , Van Trinh Ngoc Khanh , Tiong Ho Yee , Vuong Huy Gia
Published: July 2022

Background

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma which is associated with significant case mortality. We sought to identify the incidence and predictive risk factors associated with EP mortality.

Methods

Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until June 06, 2021 for relevant articles. Two independent teams reviewed abstracts and extracted data from the selected manuscripts. A meta‐analysis has been reported in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR Guidelines.

Results

Of the 1080 retrieved abstracts, 79 underwent full‐text review and 45 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising a total cohort of 1303 patients and 177 mortalities. The pooled prevalence of mortality among the patients with EP disease was 13%. Our analysis found a significantly decreasing trend in mortality rates, an increasing trend in minimally invasive intervention and decreasing trends in emergency nephrectomy in the EP studies from 1985 to 2020. Significant risk factors that were associated with a negative impact on survival of EP patients included sepsis (OR = 15.99), shock (OR = 15.57), disturbance of consciousness (OR = 12.11), thrombocytopenia (OR 7.85), acute renal failure (OR = 5.41), Wan classification I (OR = 4.57), emergency nephrectomy (OR = 3.73), Huang–Tseng classification III–IV (OR = 2.4) and medical management alone (OR = 2.04). Female sex (OR = 0.52) and minimally invasive intervention (OR = 0.47) (percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stent placement) were associated with decreased mortality rates.

Conclusions

Our study results demonstrated several significant risk factors that could help guide treatment to reduce the mortality risk of EP patients. Clinically, early treatment with a combination of minimally invasive intervention and appropriate medical management may be protective for reducing mortality risk in EP patients.