bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narratives of an Artificial Agent
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the author develops a computational model of the narrative ability for artificial agents. To illustrate an overview of this study, the author addresses an architectural and conceptual systematization of the narrative ability. The proposed model consists of two essential elements: the “mental world” as the internal representation of the world that is formed from many stories, and the mechanism of “narrating” as the act of expressing part of the mental world. In this chapter, the basic concepts and system frameworks of the narrative ability, mental world, and narrating are presented.
A Phenomenological Model For Generating the Tasting Description of Japanese Sake
Authors: Fukushima Hiroki
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the author proposes a multifaceted representation model for the sensory domain of taste, especially the taste of sake. The author aims to bridge the domain of taste and the domain of words and, on the basis of the findings of the first-person-singular study, proposes that the pictorial description, together with the verbal description, can achieve the aim. As the results of the study, the author finds the difference between the manner of description of the PTG (primary taste group for sake: sweetness, umami, and acidity) and the STG (stimulus taste group: astringency and dryness). The PTG tends to be described in curvy shapes; in contrast, the STG tends to be represented in linear patterns.
Logic as a Narrative
Authors: Sawa Koji
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the authors present an argument which can be called “logic as a narrative.” First, they consider two different types of systems concerning logic. One is formal logic, which is ordinarily called mere logic. Another one is a collective of knowledge that we may not regard as logic at first glance. The argument of “logic as a narrative” starts with a comparison between two types of logical systems. Formal logic, which is often handled as mathematical logic nowadays, can be regarded as one of the mathematics, as the name itself indicates. As well as the other mathematical systems, formal logic is formalized and schematized by axioms; hence, it is also an axiomatic system. All the propositions are described axiomatically; thus, axioms and application rules of axioms precede propositions. Outside situations that are not supposed in an axiomatic system cannot be naturally represented by the system. The expressive power depends on each system. As a result, the description by mathematical logic becomes static and the system itself is regarded as a non-dynamic one.
Narrative Analysis of Employment Support for Students With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Seino Kai , Enomoto Yoko , Miyazawa Shiho
Published: February 2018

The text data regarding the free-expression answers on the employment support provided to students with developmental disabilities (unsure students are included) were defined as the narrative. The aim of this research was to obtain suggestions regarding business solutions that could be used to provide employment support for students with developmental disabilities by conducting text mining and narrative theory analysis. Furthermore, the “narrative generation system” is advocated as a comprehensive framework which organically unifies the whole “narrative phenomenon” from various sides. Furthermore, these researches apply the knowledge of other fields, such as pedagogy on developmental disability, personal support, text mining, and a narratology; psychology; engineering; and literature. Therefore, the authors believe that this research corresponds to “narrative generation system” theory research. Thus, it may be possible for suggestions regarding narrative generation to be produced as a secondary result of this chapter's process of analysis.
“The Dialogue Triangle” Effect and Structure for Prototyping on “Need-Solution Pairs”
Authors: Hirota Akimitsu
Published: February 2018

Problem-solving behavior in a situation where the problem is not defined creates problems. However, concrete examples of the phenomenon are not shown. In order to capture this phenomenon, the authors investigated the process of pedal development for automobiles. The name of the pedal is called “Naruse pedal.” Naruse pedal reduces accidents caused by mistakes in pressing foot on accelerator pedal and brake pedal. Naruse pedal has been reported by many media including the New York Times. The authors surveyed the development process of Naruse pedal. They show this development case and confirm the existence of simultaneity of needs and solution.
First Results of Formalization of Drilling Knowledge by the Event Bush Method
Authors: Komar Pavel , Khokhulia Alexander , Gatchin Yuri
Published: February 2018

Geological drilling, being one of the key methods of investigation of the earth's interior and extraction of hydrocarbons and groundwater, represents a highly promising, urgent, yet virtually uncovered area for dynamic knowledge representation. In one sense, it favors some straightforward solution; in another, it brings serious challenges – such as interdisciplinarity and difference in reasoning by formulae and by concepts. Most importantly, existing conceptual models developed in the static knowledge representation paradigm generally do not reflect the dynamic character of the process of drilling. This chapter aims only to start paving this road by examining whether, and how, the principal method of dynamic knowledge representation, the event bush, may work in the interdisciplinary domain of drilling.
Human Binge Alcohol Intake Inhibits TLR4–MyD88 and TLR4–TRIF Responses but Not the TLR3–TRIF Pathway: HspA1A and PP1 Play Selective Regulatory Roles
Authors: Muralidharan Sujatha , Lim Arlene , Catalano Donna , Mandrekar Pranoti
Published: February 2018

Binge/moderate alcohol suppresses TLR4–MyD88 proinflammatory cytokines; however, alcohol’s effects on TLR–TRIF signaling, especially after in vivo exposure in humans, are unclear. We performed a comparative analysis of the TLR4–MyD88, TLR4–TRIF, and TLR3–TRIF pathways in human monocytes following binge alcohol exposure. Mechanistic regulation of TLR–TRIF signaling by binge alcohol was evaluated by analyzing IRF3 and TBK1, upstream regulator protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and immunoregulatory stress proteins HspA1A and XBP-1 in alcohol-treated human and mouse monocytes/macrophages. Two approaches for alcohol exposure were used: in vivo exposure of primary monocytes in binge alcohol–consuming human volunteers or in vitro exposure of human monocytes/murine macrophages to physiological alcohol concentrations (25–50 mM ethanol), followed by LPS (TLR4) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (TLR3) stimulation ex vivo. In vivo and in vitro binge alcohol exposure significantly inhibited the TLR4–MyD88 cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the TLR4–TRIF cytokines/chemokines IFN-β, IP-10, and RANTES, in human monocytes, but not TLR3–TRIF–induced cytokines/chemokines, as detected by quantitative PCR and ELISA. Mechanistic analyses revealed TBK-1–independent inhibition of the TLR4–TRIF effector IRF3 in alcohol-treated macrophages. Although stress protein XBP-1, which is known to regulate IRF3-mediated IFN-β induction, was not affected by alcohol, HspA1A was induced by in vivo alcohol in human monocytes. Alcohol-induced HspA1A was required for inhibition of TLR4–MyD88 signaling but not TLR4–TRIF cytokines in macrophages. In contrast, inhibition of PP1 prevented alcohol-mediated TLR4–TRIF tolerance in macrophages. Collectively, our results demonstrate that in vivo and in vitro binge alcohol exposure in humans suppresses TLR4–MyD88 and TLR4–TRIF, but not TLR3–TRIF, responses. Whereas alcohol-mediated effects on the PP1–IRF3 axis inhibit the TLR4–TRIF pathway, HspA1A selectively suppresses the TLR4–MyD88 pathway in monocytes/macrophages.
Highly Efficient and Versatile Plasmid-Based Gene Editing in Primary T Cells
Authors: Kornete Mara , Marone Romina , Jeker Lukas T.
Published: February 2018

Adoptive cell transfer is an important approach for basic research and emerges as an effective treatment for various diseases, including infections and blood cancers. Direct genetic manipulation of primary immune cells opens up unprecedented research opportunities and could be applied to enhance cellular therapeutic products. In this article, we report highly efficient genome engineering in primary murine T cells using a plasmid-based RNA-guided CRISPR system. We developed a straightforward approach to ablate genes in up to 90% of cells and to introduce precisely targeted single nucleotide polymorphisms in up to 25% of the transfected primary T cells. We used gene editing–mediated allele switching to quantify homology-directed repair, systematically optimize experimental parameters, and map a native B cell epitope in primary T cells. Allele switching of a surrogate cell surface marker can be used to enrich cells, with successful simultaneous editing of a second gene of interest. Finally, we applied the approach to correct two disease-causing mutations in the Foxp3 gene. Repairing the cause of the scurfy syndrome, a 2-bp insertion in Foxp3, and repairing the clinically relevant Foxp3K276X mutation restored Foxp3 expression in primary T cells.
Web 2.0 y tratamiento informativo en las principales revistas españolas de divulgación científica y de la pseudociencia
Authors: Tejedor Calvo Santiago , Portalés-Oliva Marta , Pueyo Villa Silvia
Published: February 2018

La investigación analiza el uso de los recursos de la web 2.0 y el tratamiento informativo de 6 revistas sobre divulgación científica y pseudociencia. Metodología. Se estudia y describe el ecosistema digital de las revistas y posteriormente, se elabora un análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de 232 unidades de análisis. Se trata de una muestra probabilística seleccionada de forma aleatoria a partir de un universo de 1.434 publicaciones procedentes de la web, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube e Instagram. Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran que el aprovechamiento de los recursos 2.0 es básico y que las particularidades comunicativas de las redes sociales apenas se explotan. Además, aunque se usan numerosas imágenes, las noticias no se acompañan de vídeos, infografías u otro tipo de recursos interactivos. El tratamiento informativo presenta aspectos a mejorar, como la autoría de las noticias o la fuente de procedencia de las imágenes que las acompañan.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vehicle Fuel
Authors:   Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
Published: February 2018

This SAE Information Report applies to liquefied natural gas used as vehicle fuel and requires LNG producers to provide the required information on the fuel composition and its “dispense by” date.
Performance Characterization of Electrified Powertrain Motor-Drive Subsystem
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: February 2018

This document was developed to provide a method of obtaining repeatable measurements that accurately reflects the performance of a propulsion electric drive subsystem, whose output is used in an electrified vehicle regardless of complexity or number of energy sources. The purpose is to provide a familiar and easy-to-understand performance rating. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the document, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the typical in-service performance and characteristics and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of operating parameters or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test shall not be considered valid results in the scope of this document.
Arte contemporáneo y señales visuales de la cotidianidad como paradigma de modelos globales de vida y de pensamiento
Authors: Cova Massimo
Published: February 2018

Nuestra propuesta consiste en presentar un proyecto artístico personal y analizar su vinculación con obras de reconocidos artistas contemporáneos que adoptan, como referentes formales y conceptuales, unas señales visuales espontáneas presentes en los entornos cotidianos. Rastros efímeros y transitorios generados por los comportamientos y por las interacciones de las personas, que pueden ser representativos de modelos de vida y de pensamiento en la era de la globalidad. Las obras propuestas (tanto las personales como las de referencia) formalizan y reconfiguran en el lenguaje propio del arte, unas huellas y unos indicios visuales que no pertenecen en su origen al territorio artístico. Marcas, restos o vestigios relacionados con aspectos de las complejas consecuencias de la internacionalización económica y cultural así como del desarrollo y de la expansión de las nuevas tecnologías o de modelos de comportamiento como fundamento de identidades individuales y colectivas. Nuestro proyecto se compone de series de obras de diversos formatos y técnicas, realizadas a partir de nuestra experiencia en relación con estos signos cotidianos e inspiradas en referentes artísticos de reconocido prestigio y legitimidad internacional. El proyecto nace en 2009 con la serie titulada “Alter ludus”. De la experiencia docente a la experimentación artística, una reflexión sobre las manifestaciones visuales espontáneas del colectivo adolescente en el ámbito escolar, que se hacen paradigma de comportamientos y de dinámicas del mundo adulto. Siguen otras series como la titulada En directo. Rastros pictóricos de información, con la que dirigimos una mirada crítica a los límites de la información electrónica a través de la trascendencia de la complejidad pictórica; o “Don’t touch!”, que reflexiona sobre normas y convenciones, inhibiciones i tabúes, hasta las últimas producciones centradas en tendencias del pensamiento contemporáneo relativo a la ciencia, a la tecnología y a la controvertida relación entre la cultura y la historia.
ZAWP Bilbao. Posproducción cultural en espacios de creación postindustriales
Authors: Etxebarria Madinabeitia Izaskun
Published: February 2018

En primer lugar, se analiza el libro Cultura Libre de Estado de Jaron Rowan, que describe un amplio mapa con los diferentes agentes del sistema cultural. Trabajadores, interlocutores, consumidores o partícipes de la cultura y otros agentes e instituciones son enfocados desde tres puntos de vista: la cultura como recurso, como derecho o como bien común. Para conseguir una transformación de la cultura, el autor plantea que los recursos sean puestos a disposición de los consumidores, convirtiéndolos así, en productores.

En segundo lugar, se contrapone el análisis de Vílém Flusser, especialista en nuevos medios. En su libro El universo de las imágenes técnicas (aunque hay que destacar que el contexto es muy diferente) recordamos que gran parte de la cultura, hoy, se crea y se difunde a través de dispositivos que están mediatizando nuestros mensajes. Su análisis presenta un escenario de ilusión diseñado para facilitar el consumo, pero que sólo permite un tipo de producción superficial, ya que los productores no conocen el funcionamiento de las cajas negras.

En tercer lugar, se revisan los conceptos de ciudadanía y espacio público desde El espacio público como ideología de Manuel Delgado, donde se repiensan los usos de estos conceptos, planteando la necesidad de hablar de ‘esfera’ en lugar de ‘espacio’ para llamar la atención sobre las relaciones interpersonales y las tensiones existentes entre grupos sociales que habitan el espacio público.

Este corpus teórico enmarca la entrevista a Ruth Mayoral, joven socióloga del equipo ZAWP Bilbao. Este centro cuenta, actualmente, con financiación de las principales instituciones vascas y surgió de la asociación La Hacería Arteak, junto a la demanda de la Asociación de Vecinos del Barrio de Zorrozaurre para rehabilitar el barrio, que fue apoyada gracias a años de actividad por la demanda de permanencia en la zona.
Are EARLINET and AERONET climatologies consistent? The case
of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitris S. , Voudouri Kalliopi A. , Giannakaki Eleni , Filioglou Maria , Amiridis Vassilis , Papayannis Alexandros , Fragkos Konstantinos
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In this study we investigate the climatological behavior of the aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki during the years 2003–2017. For this purpose, measurements of two independent instruments, a lidar and a sunphotomer, were deployed. These two instruments represent two individual networks, the European Lidar Aerosol Network (EARLINET) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). They include different measurement schedules. Fourteen years of lidar and sunphotometer measurements were analyzed in order to obtain the annual cycles and trends of multiple optical and geometrical aerosol properties in the boundary layer, in the free troposphere and for the whole atmospheric column. The analysis resulted in consistent statistically significant and decreasing AOD 355 nm trends of −21.0 % and −16.6 % per decade in the study period over Thessaloniki for the EARLINET and the AERONET datasets respectively. Therefore, the analysis implies that the EARLINET sampling schedule can be quite effective in producing data that can be applied to climatological studies. It has also been confirmed that the observed decreasing trend is mainly attributed to changes in the aerosol properties inside the boundary layer. Seasonal profiles of the most dominant aerosol mixture types have been generated from the lidar data. The higher values of the extinction at 355 nm appear in summer, while the lower ones appear in winter. The dust component is much more dominant in the free troposphere than in the boundary layer during summer while the opposite is observed in winter. The strongest biomass burning episodes tend to occur during summer in the free troposphere and are probably attributed to wildfires rather than agricultural fires that are predominant during spring and autumn. This kind of information can be quite useful for applications that require a priori aerosol profiles. For instance, they can be utilized in models that require aerosol climatological data as input, in the development of algorithms for satellite products, and also in passive remote sensing techniques that require knowledge of the aerosol vertical distribution.
Tropospheric HONO Distribution and Chemistry in the Southeast U.S.
Authors: Ye Chunxiang , Zhou Xianliang , Pu Dennis , Stutz Jochen , Festa James , Spolaor Max , Tsai Catalina , Cantrell Christopher , Mauldin III Roy L. , Weinheimer Andrew , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Apel Eric C. , Guenther Alex , Kaser Lisa , Yuan Bin , Karl Thomas , Haggerty Julie , Hall Samuel , Ullmann Kirk , Smith James , Ortega John
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Here we report the measurement results of nitrous acid (HONO) and a suite of relevant parameters on the NCAR C-130 research aircraft in the Southeast U.S. during NOMADSS 2013 summer field study. Daytime HONO concentrations ranged from low parts per trillion by volume (pptv) in the free troposphere (FT) to mostly within 5–15 pptv in the background terrestrial air masses, and to up to 40 pptv in the industrial and urban plumes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). There was no discernable vertical HONO distribution trend in the PBL above the lowest flight altitude of 300 m, indicating that the ground surface HONO source was not a significant contributor to the HONO budget in the measurement altitude between 300 m and 4.7 km. While there was a strong correlation between the concentrations of HONO and oxides of nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) (R2 = 0.52), the sum of all known NOx-related HONO formation mechanisms was found to account for less 20 % of the daytime HONO source in the background terrestrial air masses, due to the low level of NOx and surface area density of aerosol particles. Photolysis of particulate nitrate (pNO3) appeared to be the major daytime HONO source in the background terrestrial air masses, based on the measured pNO3 concentration and the median value of 2.0 × 10−4 s−1 for pNO3 photolysis rate constant determined in the laboratory using ambient aerosol samples collected during the field study. Within the power plant and industrial plumes encountered, daytime HONO was predominantly produced by secondary formation processes involving both NOx and pNO3 as precursors. While HONO was not a significant OH precursor compared to O3 under low NOx conditions in the air column, it was an important intermediate product of a photochemical renoxification process recycling nitric acid and nitrate back to NOx. Finally, the HONO / NOx ratio stayed relatively constant for several hours after sunset in the nocturnal residual layer, suggesting no significant night-time volume HONO source existed in the nocturnal residual layer and the nocturnal FT under background conditions.
Ocean acidification and nutrient limitation synergistically reduce
growth and photosynthetic performances of a green tide alga Ulva linza
Authors: Gao Guang , Beardall John , Bao Menglin , Wang Can , Ren Wangwang , Xu Juntian
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Large-scale green tides have been invading the coastal zones of the western Yellow Sea annually since 2008. Meanwhile, oceans are becoming more acid due to continuous absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide and intensive seaweed cultivation in Chinese coastal areas is leading to severe regional nutrient limitation. However, little is known the combined effects of global and local stressors on the eco-physiology of bloom-forming algae. We cultured Ulva linza under two levels of pCO2 (400 and 1000 μatm) and four treatments of nutrient (nutrient repletion, N limitation, P limitation, and N & P limitation) to investigate the physiological responses of this green tide alga to the combination of ocean acidification and nutrient limitation. For both sporelings and adult plants, elevated pCO2 did not affect the growth rate when cultured under nutrient replete conditions but reduced it under P limitation; N or P limitation by themselves reduced growth rate. P limitation resulted in a larger inhibition in growth for sporelings compared to adult plants. Sporelings under P limitation did not reach the mature stage after 16 days of culture while those under P repletion became mature by day 11. Elevated pCO2 reduced net photosynthetic rate for all nutrient treatments but increased nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content under P replete conditions. N or P limitation reduced nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content. These findings indicate that ocean acidification and nutrient limitation would synergistically reduce the growth of Ulva species and may thus hinder the occurrence of green tides in a future ocean environment.
Land use alters dominant water sources and flow paths in tropical
montane catchments in East Africa
Authors: Jacobs Suzanne R. , Timbe Edison , Weeser Björn , Rufino Mariana C. , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Breuer Lutz
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Conversion of natural forest to other land uses could lead to significant changes in catchment hydrology, but the nature of these changes has been insufficiently investigated in tropical montane catchments, especially in Africa. To address this knowledge gap, we identified stream water sources and flow paths in three tropical montane sub-catchments (27–36 km2) with different land use (natural forest, smallholder agriculture and commercial tea plantations) within a 1 021 km2 catchment in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya. Weekly samples were collected from stream water, precipitation and soil water for 75 weeks and analysed for stable water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) for mean transit time estimation, whereas trace element samples from stream water and potential end members were collected over a period of 55 weeks for end member mixing analysis. Stream water mean transit time was similar (~ 4 years) in the three sub-catchments, and ranged from 3.2–3.3 weeks in forest soils and 4.5–7.9 weeks in pasture soils at 15 cm depth to 10.4–10.8 weeks in pasture soils at 50 cm depth. The contribution of springs and wetlands to stream discharge increased from 18, 1 and 48 % during low flow to 22, 51 and 65 % during high flow in the natural forest, smallholder agriculture and tea plantation sub-catchments, respectively. The dominant stream water source in the tea plantation sub-catchment was spring water (56 %), while precipitation was dominant in the smallholder agriculture (59 %) and natural forest (45 %) sub-catchments. These results confirm that catchment hydrology is strongly influenced by land use, which could have serious consequences for water-related ecosystem services, such as provision of clean water.
An Optical Microbial Biosensor Based on Whole Cell of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans for Hydrogen Sulfide Determination
Authors: Silva Odemar Cardoso , Salgado Andréa Medeiros , De França Francisca Pessoa
Published: February 2018

Due to its corrosive and highly toxic character, the generation of hydrogen sulfide is a serious problem for the environment, human health, and the industry. This paper reported a new and simple methodology for aqueous hydrogen sulfide determination through the development of an optical microbial biosensor. The principle of detection was based on the aerobic and chemolithotrophic metabolism of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans bacterial cells. Under low oxygen concentration and acidic conditions A. thiooxidans can rapidly oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur. The biochemical formation of elemental sulfur can be spectrophotometrically detected and the increase in absorbance at 620 nm exhibited a linear relationship to an H2S concentration up to 100 mg.L-1. The parameters concerning the analytical performance of the biosensor such as cell harvesting time and pH influence were measured and optimized through the optical absorption value. The biosensor was selective to H2S with no important disturbance by tested species except thiosulfate ion (11.5% error). Biosensor response expressed good repeatability (RSD = 4.46 %) and reproducibility (RSD = 4.66 %). The low cost of cell cultivation and the absence of the immobilization step make feasible the optic biosensor application.
The Nordic Journal of STEM education: An arena for exchange of experience within and across disciplines
Authors: Lyng Reidar , Jakobsen Mette Mo
Published: February 2018

Editorial statement
The Oral History of Photographs: Collaboration, Multi-Level Engagement, and Insights from the Adrian Paton Collection
Authors: Harkema Craig , Carlson Keith
Published: February 2018

This paper outlines notable features of the Adrian Paton Photo and Oral History Collection at the Saskatchewan History & Folklore Society (SHFS) and discusses aspects of the relationships formed between the local collector, faculty at the University of Saskatchewan, the SHFS, and members of the community-based cultural heritage digitization project during the collection’s creation and curation. We also outline the benefits and challenges for university-led digital projects that seek to partner with a wide range of participants, with a focus on community members, local organizations, and students enrolled in programs at their institution. Additionally, we discuss the transformative potential of such partnerships for academic institutions and what to consider when entering into collaborations of this nature.
Modo de Acción y Resistencia de los Herbicidas que Interfieren en el Fotosistema II de la Fotosíntesis
Authors: Pitty Abelino
Published: February 2018

Unos herbicidas matan a las plantas deteniendo el transporte de electrones en el fotosistema II. Ellos compiten con la plastoquinona (PQ), un transportador de electrones, por el sitio de acople en la proteína D1 del fotosistema II. Cuando el herbicida se acopla al nicho de la PQ, detiene el flujo de electrones porque el herbicida no puede aceptar ni donar electrones como la PQ. Esto causa que la clorofila no pueda transferir la energía que absorbe o recibe de los pigmentos accesorios; al quedar excitada forma clorofila triplete que causa la peroxidación de los lípidos y la muerte de las células. Además, la clorofila triplete reacciona con oxígeno molecular (O2) y forma oxígeno singlete o singulete (1O2), una forma reactiva de oxígeno que daña los lípidos de las membranas celulares. Luego se destruye la clorofila y los carotenoides, y se pierde la semipermeabilidad e integridad de las membranas celulares. Las membranas destruidas dejan escapar el contenido celular a los espacios intercelulares y las células mueren. Más de 70 especies han desarrollado resistencia a algunos de estos herbicidas y el mecanismo más común es una modificación en el genoma del sitio de acople del herbicida en el fotosistema II. En unas especies cambió el aminoácido 264 en la proteína D1, el aminoácido serina fue reemplazado por glicina o treonina; en otras cambió valina por isoleucina en la posición 219; en la posición 251 alanina por valina y en la posición 266 asparagina por treonina. Estos cambios reducen la afinidad del herbicida por el sitio de acople y la eficiencia del transporte de electrones, reduciendo la fotosintesis. Debido a que el cloroplasto tiene su propio genoma, esta resistencia se hereda de la madre. Unos biotipos han desarrollado resistencia porque tienen un metabolismo acelerado y detoxifican el herbicida más rápido que los susceptibles. La detoxificación es causada por una actividad alta de la enzima glutatión transferasa que conjuga el herbicida con el glutatión.
Introducción No. 87
Authors: Fornet-Betancourt Raúl
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 87, 2002: 269-274
Study on Consumers’ Behavior on Buffen (Buffalo meat): Marketing Perspective
Authors: Islam S. , Nahar T. N. , Begum J. , Deb G. K. , Khatun M. , Mustafa A.
Published: February 2018

The study was undertaken to examine the socioeconomic profile of buffalo farmers and to assess the marketing and consumers preference on buffen (buffalo meat) in the selected areas. Twelve districts namely: Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Moulovibazar, Bhola, Bagerhat, Feni, Potuakhali, Noakhali, Laxmipur, Chittagong, Tangail and Sirajgong were selected purposively. A total of 1400 buffalo farmers were interviewed following simple random sampling technique. Data were collected during June 2011 to April 2016 and analyzed data using SPSS software. Study revealed that the highest per cent of farmers were in age group 31-45 years indicating that farmers were mature enough to give more labour to their farming activities. On average, 88 per cent buffalo farmers were engaged purely in agriculture followed by business and service as primary occupation. The highest numbers of farmers were illiterate followed by primary education, SSC, HSC and Degree. About 49 per cent buffalo farmers had above 15 years of farming experience of rearing buffalo. Average farm size was estimated 0.95 hectare indicating small and medium category farm and average family size was calculated 6 persons per family which is higher than national average 4.9. Dependency ratio was also estimated to 0.94. The study showed that buffen contributes 7.16 per cent of total red meat production and 6.19 per cent of total meat production in Bangladesh and about 50 percent farmers reported that they did fattening before selling of buffalo. About 48 per cent consumers reported that they prefer buffen most among different kinds of meats. In view point of butcher, about 46 percent consumer preferred buffen than beef.
Arsenic occurrence in water bodies in Kharaa river basin
Authors: T Azzaya , G Burmaa , Alen S , T Narangarav , Sh Nyamdelger
Published: February 2018

Distribution of arsenic (As) and its compound and related toxicology are serious concerns nowadays. Gold mining activity is one of the anthropogenic sources of environmental contamination regarding As and other heavy metals. In Mongolia, the most productive gold mining sites are placed in the Kharaa river basin. A hundred water samples were collected from river, spring and deep wells in this river basin. Along with total As and its species-As(III) and As(V), examination of concentration levels of other key parameters, 21 heavy metals with pH, total hardness, electric conductivity, anion and cations, was also carried out. In respect to the permissible limit formulated by the Mongolian National Drinking water quality standard (MNS 0900:2005, As10 µg/l), the present study showed that most of samples were found no contamination. In Kharaa river basin, an average concentration of total As in surface water was 4.04 µg/l with wide range in 0.07−30.30 µg/l whereas it was 2.24 µg/l in groundwater. As analysis in surface water in licensed area of Gatsuurt gold mining showed a mean concentration with 24.90 µg/l presenting higher value than that of value in river basin by 6 orders of magnitude and it was 2 times higher than permissible level as well. In Boroo river nearby Boroo gold mining area, As concentration in water was ranged in 6.05−6.25 µg/l. Ammonia pollution may have present at estuary of Zuunmod river in Mandal sum with above the permissible level described in national water quality standard. Geological formation of the rocks and minerals affected to change of heavy metal concentration, especially As and uranium (U) at spring water nearby Gatsuurt-Boroo improved road.
Exploiting Multimedia Content: A Machine Learning Based Aproach
Authors: Hassan Ehtesham
Published: February 2018

This thesis explores use of machine learning for multimedia content management involving single/multiple features, modalities and concepts. We introduce shape based feature for binary patterns and apply it for recognition and retrieval application in single and multiple feature based architecture. The multiple feature based recognition and retrieval frameworks are based on the theory of multiple kernel learning (MKL). A binary pattern recognition framework is presented by combining the binary MKL classifiers using a decision directed acyclic graph. The evaluation is shown for Indian script character recognition, and MPEG7 shape symbol recognition. A word image based document indexing framework is presented using the distance based hashing (DBH) defined on learned pivot centres. We use a new multi-kernel learning scheme using a Genetic Algorithm for developing a kernel DBH based document image retrieval system. The experimental evaluation is presented on document collections of Devanagari, Bengali and English scripts. Next, methods for document retrieval using multi-modal information fusion are presented. Text/Graphics segmentation framework is presented for documents having a complex layout. We present a novel multi-modal document retrieval framework using the segmented regions. The approach is evaluated on English magazine pages. A document script identification framework is presented using decision level aggregation of page, paragraph and word level prediction. Latent Dirichlet Allocation based topic modelling with modified edit distance is introduced for the retrieval of documents having recognition inaccuracies. A multi-modal indexing framework for such documents is presented by a learning based combination of text and image based properties. Experimental results are shown on Devanagari script documents. Finally, we have investigated concept based approaches for multimedia analysis. A multi-modal document retrieval framework is presented by combining the generative and discriminative modelling for exploiting the cross-modal correlation between modalities. The combination is also explored for semantic concept recognition using multi-modal components of the same document, and different documents over a collection. An experimental evaluation of the framework is shown for semantic event detection in sport videos, and semantic labelling of components of multi-modal document images.
Monocular Depth Cues in Computer Vision Applications
Authors: Cheda Diego
Published: February 2018

In the computer vision field, if image depth information were available, many tasks could be posed from a different perspective for the sake of higher performance and robustness. In our thesis, we have demonstrated how coarse depth information can be integrated in different tasks following alternative strategies to obtain more precise and robust results in three computer vision applications: camera rotation parameters estimation, background estimation and pedestrian candidate generation.
Multi-class learning for vessel characterisation in intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Ciompi Francesco
Published: February 2018

In this thesis we tackle the problem of automatic characterization of human coronary vessel in IntravascularUltrasound (IVUS) image modality. The basis for the whole characterization process is machinelearning applied to multi-class problems. In all the presented approaches, the Error-Correcting Output Codes(ECOC) framework is used as central element for the design of multi-class classifiers. Two main contributionsare presented in this thesis. First, a novel method for the design of potential function for DiscriminativeRandom Fields, namely ECOC-DRF, is presented. The method is successfully applied to problems of objectclassification and segmentation in synthetic and natural images. Furthermore, ECOC-DRF is applied toobtain a robust vessel characterization in IVUS image sequences. Based on ECOC-DRF, the main regionsof the coronary artery are robustly segmented by means of a novel holistic approach, namely HoliMAb, representingthe second contribution of this thesis. The HoliMAb framework is applied to problems of lumenborder and media-adventitia border detection, achieving an error comparable with inter-observer variabilityand with state of the art methods.
Automatic Information and Safety Systems for Driving Assistance
Authors: Oliveira Miguel Riem
Published: February 2018

No abstract
Základní plavecké dovednosti ve výuce plavání
Authors: Stloukalová Brigita , Roztočil Tomáš , Vrabcová Monika
Published: February 2018

The basic swimming skills make an initial point for swimming education and their successful adopting aff ect education positively. We tested the reached level of select skills in group of the fi rst semester students of the Department of Physical Education and Sport at University Hradec Králové. We wanted to discover the level of these skills aft er swimming education had been fi nished 10 years ago. We set up fi ve-point scales for skills: dive head forward, breathing, gliding on breast position, gliding on back position, to dive and to pick up two objects. We tested three groups: Physical Education students (34, TV), Leisure Time Activities students (23, VMV) and Teaching for Primary Schools Education students (70, ZS1). Th e TV and VMV groups came out very similarly in evaluation. Th e VMV group shows the higher average of reached points but the TV group has more marked tending to 4 and 5 point-grade. Th e VMV group sounds like well-balanced. Th e ZS1 group drags behind these groups expressively. It shows big diff erences in all skills and tending to the lowest grades in two skills (breathing, gliding on back position). Th e high dispersion supposedly results from bad cooperation of ZS1 group students. Some of them refused testing. It is important the basic swimming education was followed with improving swimming education. Th e more skills the children learn the more oft en they will go in for swimming and overcome troubles connected with staying in water. And the big forgetting already adopting skills will not be too marked.
Adaptivní bruslení
Authors: Hrázská Gabriela Žilková
Published: February 2018

The article deals adaptive ice skating for people with healtly disabilities. Th e work presents the health benefi ts of adaptive ice skating, some of the organizations that carry adaptive ice skating programs, as well as assistive products suitable for the training. Also there are discussed the basic characteristics of training of disabled and highlighted some of its specifics.
Pohybový program pro jedince s rizikovými faktory kardiovaskulárních onemocnění
Authors: Kumstát Michal , Vysoký Robert , Tomášková Iva , Hrnčiříková Iva , Smolka Ondřej
Published: February 2018

The goal of the study was to introduce the 3-month fi tness programme particularly focused on the III. and IV.  stage of cardiovascular rehabilitation.  Six persons (58 ± 9 years), all aft er acute myocardial infarction with an uncomplicated history who underwent myocardial revascularization, participated on the programm. It is important to note, that this mutual pilot project of the Faculty of Sports Studies, I. Internal cardiology clinics and Department of Rehabilitative Medicine in University hospital Brno, has indicated the need to establish a stronger continuity to the hospital rehabilitation programme. Contemporary, the pilot project is beeing succesfully followed by its second 3-month programme.
Využití sportu pravicovými extremisty
Authors: Mareš Miroslav
Published: February 2018

This paper deals with framework for analysis the use of sport in the right-wing extremist environment. It analyses the situation in extremist regimes and in subversive movements in various historical periods, mostly in Central European context. As main fields it identifies strengthening of identity of organizations and movements, propaganda of ideas and representatives, infiltration in the civil society and power-structures, preparation of violent activities, cover-activities and attacks against opponents.
Vliv zatížení na stabilitu stoje u juniorské reprezentace moderního pětiboje
Authors: Černá Sylvie , Malá Lucia , Malý Tomáš , Čada Miroslav , Nykodým Jiří
Published: February 2018

The article evaluates influence of physical exertion on selected postural stability parameters of junior modern pentathletes (7 male athletes, 5 female athletes). Both medallists from juniors world or European championship. We have measured before and after exertion on stabilomethric desk Footscan. We have simulated racing conditions. Conclusions from the experiment are: we are not able to confirm influence of exertion on wide stand (from statistical point of view – on confidence level α = 0,05). We predicate the result is influenced by delay between exertion and measurement.
Porovnání stimulace silových schopností prostřednictvím cvičení na labilních a stabilních plochách
Authors: Jebavý Radim , Perič Tomáš , Baláš Jiří , Petr Miroslav
Published: February 2018

In our work we sought to verify the eff ectiveness of a didactic programme of exercise on unstable surfaces for stimulation of strength abilities, compared to a similar didactic programme conducted on stable surfaces, thus creating an alternative choice for coaches, teachers, and sports instructors. A major element of the didactic process is the quality of the strength training programme on stable and unstable surfaces. Th e sample of probands was selected from a population of college and recreational and active athletes from Prague. Th e group was made up of men aged 20 to 35 (n = 50). Th e probands were randomly assigned too groups. From a methodological point of view, this was a single-factor, two-level experiment. Th e experimental factor was represented by a specifi c strength programme (exercise on unstable surfaces, exercise on a stable base, without any exercise programme). Th e movement programme lasted 10 weeks and contained 22 exercise units. When evaluating the overall results of the tests before and aft er the experimental programme, we come to be of the opinion that the experimental programme manifested itself positively in eff ectiveness of stimulating strength abilities. Based on the results of our experiment, it was shown that the strength programme aff ected an increase in the duration of strength in both dynamic and static regimens. With the strength programme on unstable surfaces there was a tendency towards greater increases in the number of repetitions as opposed to the programme on stable surfaces at the beginning of the programme for exercise in a dynamic regimen. Th is can be applied in dynamic development as well as in a didactic process.
Společensko-politické determinanty českého vysokoškolského športu
Authors: Grexa Ján
Published: February 2018

Historically, a University sports movement is the oldest form of the modern sports movement, which was developed on the base of the student professional organization. Th e aim of this paper is to briefl y analyze the the context of socio-political and specifi c conditions in relation with ’student state‘ feature in Czech university sport in terms of Austro-Hungary monarchy, democratic and socialist Czechoslovak Republic. Th ere is a specifi c feature of the Czech university sport which is a symbiosis of sport-science research activities in physical education, acceptance of modern physical education system and nontraditional sports.
Kategoriální systém pro kódování didaktických řídicích stylů
Authors: Sliacky Jiří
Published: February 2018

This paper presents findings about creating system of categories for coding teaching styles in the video study of physical education, which aims to verify the degree of use of different teaching styles of teaching in physical education in elementary schools. It also includes an overview of selected studies of the same issues, characteristics of the video study, and excerpts of creating system of categories.
Současné vnímání sportu vysokoškolskou mládeží
Authors: Valjent Zdeněk , Flemr Libor
Published: February 2018

We were looking for an answer for a question “How do students of a technical university perceive sports” in a short survey. To answer this question we used Likert scale with 11 levels (-5 to +5). To evaluate pros and cons of recreational and professional sports more closely in terms of quality – method of analysing personal documents were used. Documents considered in this case were free answers and non-bounded opinions of students to this topic. CTU students perceive sports in a very positive manner. Average ranking of +3.15 on the scale. They expressed 1342 statements concerning recreational and professional sports. It’s 9.2 statements per student in average. There were 449 positive to 185 negative statements addressing recreational sports. Students clearly declared all of the main positive aspects of recreational sports. Independency, freedom and time flexibility, fun, relaxation and maintaining physical condition. They also outlined some major disadvantages as financial and time demands and injury probabilities. Students found 340 positive and 368 negative features of professional sports. Some of the positive features were described as development of moral qualities, highly maintained physical condition, the possibility of high financial incomes and social experience. They are also fully aware of the main drawbacks – health problems, one and only main life focus, problematic moral and social aspects.
Porovnání obsahu sestav českých a zahraničních závodnic moderní gymnastiky
Authors: Šimůnková Iveta , Novotná Viléma
Published: February 2018

Performance in rhythmic gymnastics (RSG) is in connection with techniques without hand apparatus, techniques with hand apparatus and emotional rendition of music line as a template for the final movement content in competitive choreographies. Based on the video analysis of individual exercises of Czech and foreign gymnasts and in terms of comparing the number of difficulty elements in each routines, in relation to the code of points in RSG was assessed current success of selected competitors. From the results of the analysis is clear, that the Czech gymnasts choose lower level of difficulty elements in their optional routines, which in comparison with the world elite gymnasts show an overall lower level of mastery of technique without hand apparatus. Comparison of the analysis results notes the need for changes in choosing difficulty elements in optional routines of czech gymnasts. This is especially the need to include difficulty elements with higher ranking, for which is important to learn the basic movement structures of gymnastic skills inventory. Elite gymnasts choose in their routines a quarter more of the highest value elements than Czech national team. For the mastery level of the skills with the highest value is needed to systematize youth sports training to realize training process in relation to age of gymnasts with the view of expected performance and coaches expertise in the process of care for sport gifted youth.