bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagenetic and Paleoenvironmental Controls on Late Cretaceous Clay Minerals in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Chengshan , Liu Zhifei , Du Xiaojing , Ibarra Daniel E.
Published: February 2016

Sedimentary and diagenetic processes control the distribution of clay minerals in sedimentary basins, although these processes have seldom been studied continuously in continental sedimentary basins. The Songliao Basin, northeast China, is a large continental, petroleum-bearing basin, and provides a unique study site to understand the sedimentary and diagenetic processes that influence clay assemblages. In this paper, the clay mineralogy of a 2500 m-thick Late Cretaceous (late Turonian to Maastrichtian) terrestrial sedimentary succession (SK-1s and SK-1n cores), retrieved by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program in the Songliao Basin, was examined. The objective was to determine the diagenetic and paleoenvironmental variations that controlled the formation of clay mineral assemblages, and to determine the thermal and paleoenvironmental evolution of the basin. The results from both cores show that illite is ubiquitous through the succession, smectite is frequently encountered in the upper strata, and ordered mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S), chlorite, and kaolinite are abundant in the lower strata. Burial diagenesis is the primary control on the observed decrease of smectite and increasing illite, I-S, and chlorite with depth. Observations of clay-mineral diagenesis are used to reconstruct the paleotemperatures and maximum burial depths to which the sediments were subjected. The lowermost sediments could have reached a maximum burial of ~1000 m deeper than today and temperatures ~50°C higher than today in the latest Cretaceous. The transition of smectite to I-S in the SK-1 cores and the inferred paleotemperatures provide new constraints for basin modeling of oil maturation at elevated temperatures in the Songliao Basin. Authigenic kaolinite and smectite are enriched in sandstones with respect to the coeval mudstones from the SK-1n core, as a result of early diagenesis with the participation of primary aluminosilicates and pore fluids. In the upper part of both SK-1 cores, variations in smectite and illite were controlled primarily by paleoenvironmental changes. Increases in smectite and decreases in illite from the late Campanian to Maastrichtian are interpreted as resulting from increasing humidity, a conclusion consistent with previous paleoenvironmental interpretations.
Older Sexual Partners and Adolescent Females’ Mental Health
Authors: Meier Ann , Erickson Gina A. , McLaughlin Heather
Published: February 2016

CONTEXT

The physical health detriments associated with adolescent females’ having older romantic partners are well documented. However, little is known about the relationship between having an older partner and females’ subsequent mental health.

METHODS

Two waves of data from 1,440 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed. The sample was restricted to females in grades 7–12 who had not had sex at Wave 1 (1994–1995) and reported at least one romantic relationship by Wave 2 (1996). A lagged dependent variable approach with ordinary least‐squares regression measured changes in depression and self‐esteem associated with sexual and nonsexual relationships with same‐age and older partners. Intimate partner violence was tested as a mediator.

RESULTS

Compared with respondents reporting a nonsexual relationship with a same‐age partner, those reporting a nonsexual relationship with an older partner, sex with a same‐age partner or sex with an older partner experienced greater increases in depression between surveys; mean predicted depression levels at Wave 2 ranged from 7.7 to 9.0 across these groups (possible range, 0–27). Intimate partner violence explained one‐third of the difference between those who had had sex and those who had not had sex with same‐age partners. Fewer associations were found for self‐esteem, and differences between groups were small.

CONCLUSIONS

Health correlates of adolescent sexual behavior go beyond physical health outcomes. Future research should identify mechanisms through which relationships, especially those with older partners, are associated with declines in mental health.
The War Against Public Forgetfulness:Commemorating 1812 in Canada
Authors: Eamon Michael
Published: February 2016

In October 2011, the Government of Canada began a two-year, nation-wide celebration of the bicentenary of the War of 1812. The widely-criticized initiative returned the public eye to a traditional ‘interpretive tableau’ of war heroes, namely Isaac Brock, Tecumseh, Charles de Salaberry and Laura Secord. While the scope and expense of the federal government’s efforts have been unprecedented, the political battle to maintain certain memories of the War is one that is not new. A struggle against the forgetfulness of Canadians, and particularly young Canadians, has animated commemorations of the War for almost two centuries. Looking at a selection of past commemorative efforts this essay explores how the inertia of a traditional tableau of heroes has tended to overshadow other narratives and newer interpretations. Yet all is not lost. Using the example of the author’s exhibition, Faces of 1812, it is suggested that publicly-constructed histories can be employed as a useful departure point for the public historian and provide a foundation from which the public can obtain a broader, more critical perspective on both the commemorated events and history writ large.
Feeding practices and prevalence of early childhood caries among preschool children in urban and rural areas of Kannur district
Authors: Sreedharan Aswathi , CP Faizal , TP Chandru
Published: February 2016

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions among children. Lack of proper Parental knowledge regarding feeding practices will have a deleterious effect on child oral health.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of ECC and parental knowledge regarding feeding practices in young children.

Methods: 500 preschool children aged between 36-60 months, were selected from twenty schools. The children’s were examined at the respective schools to determine the presence or absence of caries by using WHO criteria .A structured questionnaire was provided to 500 parents of the respective school children examined to assess their knowledge regarding feeding practices and oral hygiene measures in preschool children for prevention of ECC

Result: The results of the children examined and the parent surveyed were tabulated and statistically analyzed by using chi-square test. The result showed that the prevalence rate of ECC among 500 children surveyed were about 56.3%.The knowledge regarding the feeding practices and oral hygiene measures overall was found to be 56.5%

Conclusion: The prevalence of ECC was relatively high among the preschool children. The feeding practices and oral hygiene measures among parents was more off supporting the promotion of ECC. More emphasis should be given regarding introduction of oral hygiene practice from the first year of child’s life and also to conduct public awareness programme to achieve optimum oral health care in children.
Brand Buzz in the Echoverse
Authors: Hewett Kelly , Rand William , Rust Roland T. , van Heerde Harald J.
Published: February 2016

Social media sites have created a reverberating “echoverse” for brand communication, forming complex feedback loops (“echoes”) between the “universe” of corporate communications, news media, and user-generated social media. To understand these feedback loops, the authors process longitudinal, unstructured data using computational linguistics techniques and analyze them using econometric methods. By assembling one of the most comprehensive data sets in the brand communications literature with corporate communications, news stories, social media, and business outcomes, the authors document the echoverse (i.e., feedback loops between all of these sources). Furthermore, the echoverse has changed as online word of mouth has become prevalent. Over time, online word of mouth has fallen into a negativity spiral, with negative messages leading to greater volume, and firms are adjusting their communications strategies in response. The nature of brand communications has been transformed by online technology as corporate communications move increasingly from one to many (e.g., advertising) to one to one (e.g., Twitter) while consumer word of mouth moves from one to one (e.g., conversations) to one to many (e.g., social media). The results indicate that companies benefit from using social media (e.g., Twitter) for personalized customer responses, although there is still a role for traditional brand communications (e.g., press releases, advertising). The evolving echoverse requires managers to rethink brand communication strategies, with online communications becoming increasingly central.
Investigation on the ability of first trimester glycodelin and angiopoietin-2 to predict small-for-gestational age pregnancies at delivery
Authors: Hansen Young Bae , Myrhøj Vibeke , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Sørensen Steen
Published: February 2016

The aim was to investigate whether first trimester glycodelin and angiopoietin-2 can predict small-for-gestational age (SGA) at delivery, individually or in combination.

In this case-control study we measured glycodelin and angiopoietin-2 on serum from 170 singleton pregnant women delivering SGA neonates and 985 singleton pregnant women delivering normal-weighted neonates. All values were converted to multiples of the medians (MoM).

Pregnant women delivering SGA neonates had lower first trimester glycodelin and angiopoietin-2 MoM values [median (interquartile range)] compared with pregnant women delivering normal-weighted neonates for glycodelin: 0.86 (0.58–1.24) vs. 1.03 (0.74–1.45), p<0.001, and for angiopoietin-2: 0.89 (0.69–1.19) vs. 1.01 (0.78–1.31), p<0.001. The prediction performances of the biomarkers showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.59 (glycodelin), 0.58 (angiopoietin-2), and 0.60 (glycodelin and angiopoietin-2).

We demonstrated that first trimester glycodelin and angiopoietin-2 were associated with SGA, but they were, individually and in combination, poor predictors of SGA at delivery. The AUCs were low which indicate low detection rates and high false positive rates.
Vertex-Based Compatible Discrete Operator Schemes on Polyhedral Meshes for Advection-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Cantin Pierre , Ern Alexandre
Published: February 2016

We devise and analyze vertex-based, Péclet-robust, lowest-order schemes for advection-diffusion equations that support polyhedral meshes. The schemes are formulated using Compatible Discrete Operators (CDO), namely, primal and dual discrete differential operators, a discrete contraction operator for advection, and a discrete Hodge operator for diffusion. Moreover, discrete boundary operators are devised to weakly enforce Dirichlet boundary conditions. The analysis sheds new light on the theory of Friedrichs' operators at the purely algebraic level. Moreover, an extension of the stability analysis hinging on inf-sup conditions is presented to incorporate divergence-free velocity fields under some assumptions. Error bounds and convergence rates for smooth solutions are derived and numerical results are presented on three-dimensional polyhedral meshes.
Analysis of twist level and take-up speed impact on the tensile properties of PVA/PA6 hybrid nanofiber yarns
Authors: Fakhrali Aref , Ebadi Seyed Vahid , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Latifi Masoud , Moghassem Abdolrasool
Published: February 2016

In this work, polyvinyl alcohol/nylon6 hybrid nanofiber yarns were produced to achieve good properties of each component. The influence of the twist level in the range of 3000–14,666 tpm and take-up speed in the range of 2.5–8.5 cm/min of yarns on the tensile properties was investigated. The highest strength and elongation at break of yarns were achieved in twist level and take-up speed of about 11,000 tpm (8.13±0.72 cN/tex and 72.44±7.64%) and 6.5 cm/min (6.20±0.57 cN/tex and 70.23±7.95%), respectively. Excessive values over these amounts caused a drastic decrement in tensile properties. This could be due to the loss nanofiber arrangement in the yarn structure that was confirmed by the study of orientation of the nanofibers in the yarns by the SEM images. These yarns have the potential to be used in medical applications such as a non-absorbable suture due to the drug loading ability and bio-compatibility properties of PVA nanofibers.
Regulation of necroptosis signaling and cell death by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Fulda Simone
Published: February 2016

Necroptosis has recently been identified as an alternative form of programmed cell death that is characterized by defined molecular mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of numerous signaling pathways, as they are highly reactive and can cause (ir)reversible posttranslational modifications. While the role of ROS in other modes of cell death has been extensively studied, its impact on necroptotic signaling and cell death is far less clear. The current minireview discusses the evidence for and against a role of ROS in necroptosis.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Ti22Al25Nb Alloy during Hot Isothermal Deformation
Authors: Zhang Jingli , Guo Hongzhen , Liang Houquan
Published: February 2016

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of Ti22Al25Nb alloy has been investigated based on the analysis of hot compression experimental data in this paper. The true stress–strain curves of Ti22Al25Nb can be divided into two types: the single-peak conventional dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) curves and the multi-peak discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) curves. The multi-peak curves indicate the alternate dominance of hardening mechanism and softening mechanism. A critical Zener–Hollomon parameter ln ZC has been proposed to divide CDRX from DDRX. The hardening rate and DRX volume fraction of CDRX and DDRX have been analyzed. In addition, the effect of the second-phase particle on the DRX has been studied. DRX process was enhanced by the second-phase particles, but the growth process of recrystallized grains was restrained.
Professional Development Needs of Novice Nursing Clinical Teachers: A Rapid Evidence Assessment
Authors: Jetha Farah , Boschma Geertje , Clauson Marion
Published: February 2016

The current nursing profession is challenged with a decreasing supply of competent clinical teachers due to several factors consequently impacting the quality of nursing education. To meet this demand, academic nursing programs are resorting to hiring expert nurses who may have little or no teaching experience. They need support during their transition from practice to teaching. Using the systematic approach of a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), scholarly literature was reviewed to identify existing professional development needs for novice clinical teachers as well as supportive strategies to aid the transition of experienced nurses into teaching practice. The REA included 29 relevant studies. Findings revealed three main professional development needs for novice clinical teachers and key supportive strategies. Based on these findings recommendations for best practices to support and prepare novice clinical teachers are presented.
Dynamische Kalibrierung eines Mehrkomponentensensors für Kraft und Drehmoment
Authors: Schleichert Jan , Rahneberg Ilko , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: February 2016

Mehrkomponenten Kraft-/Drehmomentsensoren werden in Anwendungen eingesetzt, in denen die
Richtung der Kraft- und Drehmomentvektoren sowie deren Betrag nicht bekannt oder zeitlich
veränderlich ist. Beispiele hierfür sind in der Robotik, der Strömungsmessung leitfähiger
Fluide nach dem Prinzip der Lorentzkraftanemometrie oder in der zerstörungsfreien
Werkstoffprüfung zu finden. Entgegen den Anforderungen der Messung findet oft nur eine
statische Kalibrierung dieser Sensoren statt, was zu Abweichungen führt, wenn Messgrößen in
der Nähe der Resonanzfrequenz des Sensors und darüber erfasst werden sollen. Anhand einer
dynamischen Kalibrierung erhält man den Frequenzgang der Sensormechanik, welcher die
Grundlage für das Design eines geeigneten Filters zur Kompensation dynamischer
Messabweichungen liefert. Im Folgenden werden die dynamischen Eigenschaften eines
Mehrkomponenten Kraft-/Drehmomentsensors untersucht indem verschiedene Testsignale mit Hilfe
eines Tauchspulaktors eingeleitet werden. Die Messergebnisse werden mit numerischen
Berechnungen und statischen Kalibrierwerten verglichen. Für die Kompensation des dynamischen
Verhaltens wird ein inverses Filter bestimmt, welches auch als dynamische Kalibrierfunktion
angesehen werden kann.
Robust Finite-Time Passivity for Discrete-Time Genetic Regulatory Networks with Markovian Jumping Parameters
Authors: Sakthivel R. , Sathishkumar M. , Kaviarasan B. , Anthoni S. Marshal
Published: February 2016

This article addresses the issue of robust finite-time passivity for a class of uncertain discrete-time genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) with time-varying delays and Markovian jumping parameters. By constructing a proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional involving the lower and upper bounds of time delays, a new set of sufficient conditions is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees the finite-time boundedness and finite-time passivity of the addressed GRNs for all admissible uncertainties and satisfies the given passive performance index. More precisely, the conditions are obtained with respect to the finite-time interval, while the exogenous disturbances are unknown but energy bounded. Furthermore, the Schur complement together with reciprocally convex optimisation approach is used to simplify the derivation in the main results. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the obtained results.
Mn Adsorption on the GaAs(111)–(2×2)B Surface: First Principles Studies
Authors: Guerrero-Sanchez Jonathan , Castro-Medina J. , Rivas-Silva J. F. , Takeuchi Noboru , Morales de la Garza L. , Varalda J. , Mosca D. H. , Cocoletzi Gregorio H.
Published: February 2016

Mn adsorption on the GaAs(111)–(1×1)B surface
electronic and magnetic properties are investigated using first principles total energy
calculations within the periodic spin polarized density functional theory. Results show that
one Mn atom adsorption on top of the surface drives to an interstitial Mn
atom. The interstitial atom is bonded to three first monolayer As atoms forming
a chain-like structure. This stable structure has a ferromagnetic behavior with a Mn
magnetic moment of ∼ 3.98 μ
B
. The Mn coverage
increase yields a stable structure with the creation of an interstitial Mn layer,
which in turn gives rise to a GaMnAs like alloy at the surface. The layer displays
a ferromagnetic characteristic with magnetic moment of
∼ 4.40 μ
B
. A surface formation energy analysis of all
these stable structures shows that one Mn interstitial monolayer and a Mn
interstitial atom may coexist. Density of states shows that there is an important
contribution of the Mn atoms to the occupied and unoccupied states. The DOS of one
Mn monolayer is metallic with the most important contribution around the Fermi level
coming from the Ga-p and Mn-d orbitals.
Spectral Properties of α and β L Rhamno-Indigo Molecules and Activities Prediction Through NBO Analysis. A DFT Study
Authors: Adjir Khadidja , Sekkal-Rahal Majda , Moncomble Aurélien , Cornard Jean-Paul
Published: February 2016

Structural and physical properties such as some spectral features of α-L rhamno-indigo and β-L rhamno-indigo molecules
are presented in this paper. Results are compared with those of 5,5'-dichloro-indigo N-β-glycosidic 4-amino-4,6-didesoxyglucose
(Akashine A) that exhibits a strong inhibitory activity against various human tumor cell lines. Density functional theory (DFT) using
B3LYP functional and 6-31G+(d,p), 6-311+G(2d,p) and cc-pvdz as basis sets was applied to perform these studies. Calculations were
carried out both in gas phase and with DMSO as an implicit solvent. Gauge including atomic orbitals (GIAO) approach was used to
calculate 1H NMR chemical shifts and Time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to
determine the electronic transitions and their nature within the molecules. Moreover, stabilization energies of intra and
intermolecular interactions were determined using NBO analyses. Local reactivity descriptors were computed to give insight in the
nature of reactive sites. Overall, it has been shown that the nature of the glycosidic linkages has a significant influence on the
molecular properties.
Natural Extension of Hartree–Fock Through Extremal 1-Fermion Information: Overview and Application to the Lithium Atom
Authors: Benavides-Riveros Carlos L. , Schilling Christian
Published: February 2016

Fermionic natural occupation numbers do not only obey Pauli's exclusion principle but are
even stronger restricted by so-called generalized Pauli constraints. Whenever given natural
occupation numbers lie on the boundary of the allowed region the corresponding N-fermion
quantum state has a significantly simpler structure. We recall the recently proposed
natural extension of the Hartree–Fock ansatz based on this structural simplification. This
variational ansatz is tested for the lithium atom. Intriguingly, the underlying mathematical
structure yields universal geometrical bounds on the correlation energy reconstructed by
this ansatz.
Do You See What I See? Using Ethograms to Observe Animal Behavior
Authors: Curran Mary Carla , Siler Amber , Sherman Michele B.
Published: February 2016

The process of exploration and the methods that scientists use to conduct research are fundamental to science education. In this activity, authentic scientific practices are used to develop hypotheses to explain the natural world. Students observe grass shrimp in aquaria and construct an ethogram, which is a compilation of the observable behaviors an animal exhibits. They then conduct an experiment, just as real scientists would, to determine how changes in the environment alter shrimp behavior. This activity is designed for a fourth-grade science class and allows students to experience the excitement of observing a live organism while learning about scientific inquiry, and also reinforces quantification and graphing skills. “Do You See What I See” covers Next Generation Science Standards and addresses the science and engineering practices of engaging in argument from evidence.
Properties and antimicrobial susceptibility of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from bovine mastitis in China
Authors: Alkasir Rashad , Wang Jianfang , Gao Jian , Ali Tariq , Zhang Limei , Szenci Ottó , Bajcsy Árpád Csaba , Han Bo
Published: February 2016

Trueperella (T.) pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that causes suppurative diseases in domestic animals. In this work, the properties, pathogenesis and phenotypic diversity of T. pyogenes isolates from bovine mastitis were studied. Both pyolysin (plo) and collagen-binding protein (cbp) virulence factor genes were detected by PCR in all T. pyogenes isolates (n = 50). Using the tissue culture plate method, 90% of T. pyogenes isolates were able to form biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 13 antimicrobials against T. pyogenes isolates were determined. High susceptibility was observed to rifampin (96%), ampicillin (94%), ciprofloxacin (94%), and penicillin (92%), while low susceptibility was found to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (10%) and bacitracin (2%). The intracellular assay revealed that T. pyogenes isolates had different cytopathogenic effects on cells. The high percentage (28.6%) of T. pyogenes isolates suggests that this bacterium is an important contributor to mastitis. Moreover, the high occurrence of multidrug resistance, biofilm production, intracellular survival, and the temporal dynamics of T. pyogenes interactions are key factors for a better understanding of how immunity acts on infections with these bacteria and how they evade immune surveillance, thus highlighting the need for the prudent use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine.
Cardiac biomarkers in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Aydogdu Ugur , Yildiz Ramazan , Guzelbektes Hasan , Coskun Alparslan , Sen Ismail
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance of cardiac biomarkers [troponin I and T, creatine kinase-MB fraction (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Seventy premature calves were admitted to the clinic within 24 h after birth. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed in premature calves by clinical examination and venous blood gas analysis. Ten healthy calves, aged 5 days, were used as control. Cardiac troponin I and T were analysed using ELISA and ELFA, respectively. Serum CK-MB and LDH were also analysed in an automatic analyser. The calves had low venous pH, pO2, O2 saturation and high pCO2 values consistent with dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, and inadequate oxygen delivery. Mean serum troponin I, troponin T, CK-MB and LDH levels were increased in the premature calves compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results in this study demonstrated that serum CK-MB, troponin I and troponin T concentrations could be used for evaluating myocardial injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome.
Age-related presence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in paraffin-embedded lung samples of dogs with pneumonia
Authors: Wöhrer Daniela , Spergser Joachim , Bagrinovschi Gabriela , Möstl Karin , Weissenböck Herbert
Published: February 2016

The aim of this retrospective study was to detect selected pathogens in pneumonic lung tissue of dogs of different age groups by immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridisation (ISH) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to get information about their involvement in pneumonia formation. In archived formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded lung samples from 68 cases with the clinical and histologic diagnosis of pneumonia the histological pattern of pneumonia was re-evaluated and the samples were further investigated for the following infectious agents: canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica, Pasteurella (P.) multocida, Mycoplasma spp., and Pneumocystis spp. In 47.1% of the samples at least one of the featured respiratory pathogens was detected. In 31.3% of these positive samples more than one pathogen could be found. The correct detection of CDV had been achieved in ten out of eleven positive cases (90.9%) upon initial investigation, but the presence of bacterial pathogens, like B. bronchiseptica (10 cases) and P. multocida (17 cases) had been missed in all but one case. While CDV and CRCoV infections were exclusively found in dogs younger than one year, the vast majority of infections with P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica were both common either in dogs younger than 4 months or older than one year. Thus, this retrospective approach yielded valuable data on the presence, absence and prevalence of certain respiratory pathogens in dogs with pneumonia.
Flow cytometric detection of oxidative DNA damage in fish spermatozoa exposed to cadmium — Short communication
Authors: Nagy Szabolcs , Kakasi Balázs , Bercsényi Miklós
Published: February 2016

The aim of the present pilot study was to apply a flow cytometric assay, the so-called OxyDNA test, to determine the level of oxidative DNA damage in fish spermatozoa exposed to different concentrations (0.01–10,000 mg/L) of cadmium. Milt was collected from three randomly selected Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) males. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed with the OxyDNA kit and using flow cytometry. The ratio of OxyDNA-positive events increased significantly at higher cadmium concentrations. The results indicate that direct contact of fish spermatozoa with cadmium-polluted water initiates genotoxic damage.
Sustainable bilingualism and language shift
Authors: Borbély Anna
Published: February 2016

In this paper, I introduce the longitudinal method in general, and more specifically, the method applied in a two-decade-long language shift research project conducted in a Romanian–Hungarian bilingual village, Kétegyháza (hereinafter LongBiLing: longitudinal study onbilingualism). I will primarily present the language choice changes occurring in the first decade (1990–2001) but I will also give a short review of the findings comparing the two decades. The aim of the project is to find out at what stage the Romanian-Hungarian language shift process is in the Hamers and Blanc’s (1989) unidimensional model of language shift and to what extent the process can be considered gradual (Mesthrie 2001). In a previous article I sought to find out in which bilingual national minority (out of the six) in Hungary sustainable bilingualism was the strongest (Borbély 2015). In this paper, I discuss language use domains (25 language choice situations) in a local community of Hungary’s Romanian national minority investigated with a longitudinal method. The aim was to learn about the differences among the linguistic domains in order to find out in which domain bilingualism was the most sustainable.
The pronoun interpretation problem in child Hungarian
Authors: Rákosi György , Tóth Enikő
Published: February 2016

In a number of languages, children have problems with the interpretation of pronouns if a potential local antecedent is present. There is an intensive debate on whether this effect is due to a delayed acquisition of Principle B, or it is the result of pragmatic or processing difficulties that children face in interpretation tasks. We conducted two experiments involving a picture-sentence verification task to investigate whether the Pronoun Interpretation Problem exists in Hungarian child language. We found that the Problem is present if the test sentences are given in isolation, but it disappears if a minimally coherent discourse is created. We argue that our results support the view that the binding principles are innate and do not need to be acquired, but children have problems with computing coreference options in certain contexts (Reinhart 2004; 2006; 2011). Coherent discourse allows children to accommodate pronouns with close to adult-like success because in this case they do not calculate local coreference possibilities for pronouns.
Effect of traditional processing steps on chemical and nutritional composition of leblebi
Authors: Özbey F.
Published: February 2016

Turkey’s and several Middle East countries’ people consume “leblebi”, which is a traditional snack food made from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Leblebi processing steps caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in moisture and carbohydrate fractions. The dietary fibre contents were also reduced through leblebi processing steps. Dehulling process caused reduction in cellulose from 2.6 to 1.3%, whereas increase in acid detergent lignin content from 0.27 to 0.85% was observed. The mineral analysis results have shown that leblebi samples supply macro and micro nutrients required in the human diet.
Conception of a touristic map and nature protection forms created with use of open data sources and free software on a Grybów commune example
Authors: Król Karol
Published: February 2016

In the last decade, far-reaching changes in the way of using the Internet, which as a result of
range, multimedia and interactivity plays bigger and bigger role in interpersonal communication, could be observed. These changes are accompanied by development of geo-information
services which are usually associated with geo-visualization understood as presentation of geographic information on the maps. Attainability of computer techniques which enable creating of
network applications activated users who often and often build their own topic services which
connect chosen contents with a map base.
The aim of the paper is to analyse chosen data sources as well as techniques and computer tools
which can be used to create topic maps according to the conception “user-creator” (produser), “user-producer” (produsage). The project of a topic map presenting chosen touristic object and also nature protection forms localized in the area of Grybów commune (Małopolska,
nowosądecki district) was presented in the article. In conclusion, it was revealed that the created map is elastic in edition and development and its every element is possible to be modified.
However, it has got some limitations. Its modification needs expert knowledge and access to
a server and published data can be questionable for users.
The role of a local plan and a program of rural management works in spatial development of a r ural commune in conditions of south-eastern Poland
Authors: Pijanowski Jacek M. , Sobaś Edyta
Published: February 2016

Many rural communes are currently affected by the problem of unfavorable spatial and structural changes which manifests in chaotic building development and increase of unprofitable
phenomena in agricultural productive space. The aim of the paper is to analyze spatial development of the chosen commune in conditions of south-eastern Poland and the way of its management in case of possession or lack of a local plan and a program of rural management works. The
Subcarpathian Nozdrzec commune was used as a sample of the research.
Performed analyses show that the surveyed commune has got numerous problems in the range
of building structure, agricultural productive space development and landscape changes. The
significant result of the analyses establishes that part of local plans did not guarantee proper
building development and did not include decisions concerning agricultural productive space
development at all. The commune also did not execute programs of rural management works
which enable solving numerous problems of structural and spatial character. These problems
also make possible to carry out many goals, including the equalization of developmental chances
of rural areas in regard to urban ones.
Organogênese direta e aclimatização de plantas de patchouli
Authors: Arrigoni-Blank Maria de Fátima , Santos Aline V , Blank Arie F
Published: February 2016

O patchouli é uma espécie aromática cujo óleo essencial é largamente empregado pela indústria de perfumes. A propagação convencional desta espécie é por estaquia, sendo a micropropagação uma alternativa para propagação clonal de indivíduos livres de patógenos em larga escala. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência de combinações de diferentes fontes de auxinas com cinetina sobre a organogênese de patchouli, assim como diferentes tipos de composição de substratos na aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas da espécie. Foram realizados dois ensaios para organogênese. No primeiro, avaliação de cinco concentrações de cinetina (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 mg L-1) e quatro concentrações de AIA (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1) e no segundo, cinco concentrações de cinetina (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1) e três concentrações de ANA (0,0; 0,1 e 0,5 mg L-1). Para aclimatização foram analisados os substratos: pó de coco + fertilizante formulado (NPK 3-12-6 + Ca, S, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e B a 3,0; 2,5; 0,1; 0,025; 0,01; 0,075; 0,05 e 0,0015%, respectivamente) na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBC]; pó de coco + vermiculita (2:1) + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBCV (2:1)]; pó de coco + vermiculita (1:1) + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 + calcário (1 g L-1) [PBCV (1:1)]; pó de coco + 1 g L-1 de calcário + sais do MS [PCMS]; vermiculita acrescido de sais do MS, sendo 15 mL da mistura de sais por planta [VMS]; vermiculita + fertilizante formulado na concentração de 12 g L-1 [VMB]. Neste estudo foi observado que a organogênese direta pode ser promovida em meio MS acrescido de 2,47 mg L-1 de cinetina e 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA, sendo as etapas de alongamento, individualização e enraizamento das brotações promovidas em meio MS básico. Já para aclimatização um dos melhores resultados foi obtido com o substrato PBCV (1:1).
Biological efficiency of Agaricus brasiliensis cultivated in compost with nitrogen concentrations
Authors: Siqueira Félix G de , Martos Emerson T , Silva Evânia Geralda da , Silva Romildo da , Dias Eustáquio S
Published: February 2016

The production of compost is one of the most important steps for the cultivation of any species of mushroom. For the Agaricus species, this step is even more complex because it depends on the performance of different microorganisms that act on the substrate, turning it into selective compost that promotes the growth of the fungus to be cultivated. Among the various factors that affect the microbial activity, the initial concentration of nitrogen is considered one of the most important. Due to the lack of conclusive studies about that, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity and biological efficiency of Agaricus brasiliensis in compost prepared with different initial concentrations of nitrogen, according to the composting methodology and to the conventional pasteurization techniques (phase I and II). Three initial nitrogen concentrations (w/w) (T1= 1.0%; T2= 1.5%; and T3= 2.0%) were tested and mycelial growth was determined in terms of mm/day for all treatments. The productivity and biological efficiency were also determined. The most efficient initial concentrations of nitrogen were of 1.0% and 1.5%. This concentration of N in the compost permitted a faster development of the mushroom with higher productivity when compared to the results obtained with the application of 2% of nitrogen.
Caminhos para a investigação da alternância de pronomes de segunda pessoa em Santa Catarina
Authors: Christiane Maria Nunes de Souza Christiane Maria Nunes de , Coelho Izete Lehmkuhl
Published: February 2016

Neste estudo, com base nos pressupostos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística, apresentamos resultados das primeiras pesquisas referentes à descrição da alternância dos pronomes tu e você em posição de sujeito em cartas pessoais de Santa Catarina, a partir de uma perspectiva diacrônica. Em um primeiro momento, analisamos cartas de florianopolitanos ilustres escritas nos séculos XIX e XX, constatando a entrada do pronome você, sempre em sua forma plena, nos dados do século XX. Partimos, então, para uma análise diatópica, em que comparamos missivas produzidas por informantes não ilustres das cidades de Florianópolis e Lages na segunda metade do século XX, apontando para uma preferência geral pelo uso da forma tu na capital catarinense e para uma preferência geral pelo uso da forma você na cidade do planalto – sendo que o pronome-sujeito tu manifesta- se majoritariamente em sua forma nula e o pronome-sujeito você manifesta-se majoritariamente em sua forma plena em ambas as localidades. Os resultados sugerem, além um já pressuposto contraste diacrônico (entrada do pronome você no sistema de tratamento do século XX), também um contraste diastrático (entre a escrita dos informantes ilustres e a escrita dos informantes não ilustres) e um contraste diatópico (entre a escrita da cidade de Florianópolis e a escrita da cidade de Lages). 
Comportamiento y eficiencia de polinización de Bombus atratus Franklin en pimentón (Capsicum annum L.) sembrado bajo invernadero
Authors: Riaño J. Diego , Pacateque E. Johanna , Cure José Ricardo , Rodríguez Daniel
Published: February 2016

El pimentón es un cultivo promisorio para Colombia, sin embargo está poco tecnificado. La polinización mediada por colonias de abejorros del género Bombus ha sido una técnica utilizada exitosamente en éste y otros cultivos a nivel mundial pero en  nuestro país es una práctica poco conocida. Bombus atratus Franklin es un polinizador eficiente de cultivos hortofrutícolas colombianos como el tomate. Éste trabajo estableció tanto el comportamiento como la eficiencia de la polinización de B. atratus en el pimentón. Se ubicaron tres colonias en un cultivo de 1.500 m2 ubicado en el municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá. Se caracterizó la fenología floral a partir del análisis morfométrico de estructuras reproductivas de la flor (largo de antera, filamento y estilo), receptividad del estigma y volumen de néctar. Adicionalmente se observó y cuantificó el comportamiento de forrajeo de las obreras a partir de observaciones directas y se estableció el efecto de la polinización en la calidad de los frutos (tamaño, peso seco del fruto y número de semillas), en tres estratos de la planta. Se determinaron tres estadios florales (Flor Abierta 1, 2 y 3) diferenciados por las variables tenidas en cuenta. Las obreras mostraron dos tipos de visita, cortas (12,34±5,77 segundos) y largas (82,8±11,14 segundos). Adicionalmente se observó una tendencia de las obreras en visitar el estadio Floral 2, en el que se presentó la mayor cantidad de néctar y la mayor receptividad del estigma. La polinización mediada por B. atratus tuvo un efecto en las variables evaluadas con un incremento mayor al 40%. 
Activando el conocimiento en las organizaciones
Authors: Merino Moreno Carlos , Plaz Landaeta Reinaldo
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónLa gestión de los activos intangibles se está convirtiendo, cada vez más, en una disciplina relevante en los patrones de gestión actuales, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta los condicionantes competitivos que requieren un adecuado manejo de los recursos y las capacidades organizativas.En este sentido, la creación, el desarrollo y la gestión del conocimiento organizativo y sus herramientas están afrontando el reto de completar los esquemas de gestión tradicionales. Esta gestión del conocimiento se expone de manera general haciendo especial en su visión sistémica y en la manera de afrontar la implementación de este tipo de modelos que “activan el conocimiento”. Así este documento presenta de detalle en una línea de actuación específica de avance en la gestión del conocimiento tratando de aportar un ejercicio de detalle en una línea de actuación específica de avance en la gestión del conocimiento tratando de aportar un marco de integración con el ámbito de la inteligencia organizativa y el capital intelectual como temáticas complementarias.
Empresas de base tecnológica y teoría de opciones reales: el modelo de los flujos fondos borrosos
Authors: Milanés Gastón
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónLas principales características del valor de las empresas de base tecnológica (EBT) son: la flexibilidad estratégica y ambigüedad. La Teoría de Opciones Reales es la herramienta para valorar la flexibilidad mencionada. Los modelos pueden ser probabilísticos o borrosos, estos últimos se adaptan mejor a la falta de información y a las decisiones empresariales en condiciones de ambigüedad. Para valorar EBT se desarrolla el método de los Flujos de Fondos Borrosos (FFB); (Fuzzy Pay-Off Method, FPOM). La estructura del trabajo es la siguiente: primero se presentan los desafíos en la valoración de EBT y los diferentes modelos en la Teoría de Opciones Reales: continuos, discretos y borrosos.Finalmente se desarrolla el modelo FFB y un caso de aplicación
Multibanca Colpatria: renovación estratégica
Authors: Barrera Duque Ernesto , Mejía Aguirre Germán , Cortés Ortiz Felipe
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónEl caso evidencia el reto de cambios estratégicos cuando el grupo internacional Scotiabank adquiere el 51% de la propiedad de Multi-banca Colpatria, banco fuerte y sólido en Colombia. Se evidencia el desafío del protagonista Santiago Perdomo, presidente de Multibanca Colpatria, quien cree en la eficacia de su estrategia actual y su vigencia para el mercado colombiano pero así mismo considera las ventajas competitivas que podía traer para su negocio la llegada de Scotiabank
Metodología AMFE como herramienta de gestión de riesgo en un hospital universitario
Authors: Consuegra Mateus Oscar
Published: February 2016

Artículo de investigaciónHoy en día se hace uso de diferentes metodologías que permiten generar mejoras continuas de calidad en la prestación de los servicios de Instituciones Hospitalarias, dentro de los cuales se encuentran los Sistemas de Gestión de Riesgo Clínico (SGRC) que analizan y previenen la ocurrencia de Eventos y/o Incidentes adversos mediante el uso de la metodología Análisis Modo Falla Efecto – AMFE. Ésta metodología permite anticiparse a las fallas en los procesos de atención y fortalecer la Seguridad del Paciente. En la actualidad, los SGRC aplicados a los programas de Tecnovigilancia a nivel mundial, se usan como una herramienta proactiva. En razón a lo anterior, el presente trabajo se planteó como objetivo evaluar la utilidad de la metodología AMFE como herramienta de Tecnovigilancia Proactiva que permita la disminución de eventos adversos asociados al uso de dispositivos médicos al interior de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel. Por medio de una encuesta situacional llevada a cabo al interior de la Institución, se identificaron los cinco (5)dispositivos médicos que generaban mayor número de eventos adversos asociados a su uso, aplicando la metodología AMFE en el dispositivo médico más representativo. El trabajo de investigación se basó en un estudio descriptivo, que permitió identificar los procesos y subprocesos donde se generan eventos adversos debido al uso del dispositivo médico; se detectaron cinco (5) causas con un nivel de riesgo alto, ante las cuales se aplicaron acciones correctivas que permitieron disminuir su Índice de Criticidad – RPN, a un nivel de riesgo medio. Las tres (3) principales barreras presentadas para la implementación de la metodología AMFE fueron: poco compromiso por parte de la alta gerencia, dificultad para la asistencia a las reuniones y ausencia de una cultura del reporte. En conclusión, el uso constante de la metodología es efectivo en el marco de la Tecnovigilancia Proactiva debido a que permite obtener una reducción de los eventos adversos y que su efectividad dependerá de las condiciones administrativas que se puedan dar sobre el tema y de los recursos que se destinen por parte de la Institución.
Análisis del proceso de toma de decisiones, visión desde la PYME y la gran empresa de Barranquilla
Authors: Cabeza de Vergara Leonor , Muñoz Santiago Alberto Elías
Published: February 2016

El presente documento analiza cómo se desarrolla el proceso de toma de decisiones en las empresas barranquilleras desde un punto de vista netamente descriptivo. Inicialmente, se define la toma de decisiones, presentando a su vez una breve explicación de cada uno de los modelos utilizados dentro de las organizaciones. Más adelante, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en encuestas realizadas a una muestra de 77 empresas PYMES de la ciudad de Barranquilla, en las cuales se percibe una alta tendencia a utilizar la intuición y la experiencia del tomador de decisiones como herramientas fundamentales para resolver problemas. Palpándose, por las respuestas obtenidas, la necesidad de contar con modelos de simulación que contribuyan o aporten información que les permita tener más certeza a la hora de tomar un curso de acción ante una situación problemática. Por último se plantean dos modelos de toma de decisiones para la gran empresa, utilizando el análisis por conglomerado y el análisis factorial, basados en los resultados de una segunda encuesta aplicada a 51 empresas ubicadas en la misma ciudad, lo cual permitió identificar dos modelos para las grandes empresas de la ciudad