bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The system of consideration of circumstances affecting the amount of criminal punishment
Authors: Veklenko Sergey
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The gradual development of the institution of punishment in the
Russian criminal law has predetermined the legislative consolidation of a multidirectional and
diverse system of sanctions for unlawful behaviour of a person having violated a criminal-legal
prohibition; humanisation of types and amounts of punishment; expansion of the list of additional circumstances characterising the unlawful act or the person that committed it, which the court take into account when passing a sentence. However, the problem of proper understanding of the circumstances affecting the amount of criminal punishment, as well as their uniform consideration in determining the measure of responsibility of a person who has violated a criminal-law prohibition, continues to be one of the most urgent for the national criminal law, because without solving it, judicial and investigative practice will lack a regulator preventing the overgrowth of permissible discretion into lawlessness, and the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation will retain an unreasonable volume of legislative criminal- legal prohibitions. Methods. In the course of scientific research, we used general scientific methods (dialectical, system analysis, structural, formal-logical, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, functional) and special-legal methods of research (technical-legal, dogmatic, comparative-legal). Results. The article states and justifies the proposal, according to which creating a more effective mechanism of differentiation and individualisation of criminal liability requires a fundamentally new system of taking into account the circumstances, characterising the criminal act and the person who committed it, implying maximum specification of the degree of influence of these circumstances on the type and amount of punishment imposed. The above proposal is also aimed at “unloading” and “easing” to a certain extent the constructions of the overwhelming majority of criminal-legal prohibitions of the Special Part of the RF Criminal Code. To implementthe formulated proposal, the author considers it necessary to make appropriate amendments to the current RF Criminal Code.
Issues of differentiation of pre-trial criminal proceedings against foreign nationals
Authors: Darovskih Ol'ga , Darovskikh Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The aim is to identify and substantiate the difference between pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases against foreign citizens and the usual procedure of preliminary investigation, to propose a slightly different procedure of criminal proceedings, which allows to carry out these proceedings effectively and to talk about the differentiation of the criminal procedural form of these proceedings. Methodology. Dialectical method, method of system-structural analysis, formal-logical method, comparative method were used. Conclusions. Pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases against foreign citizens have differences from ordinary proceedings, which makes it possible to attribute it to differentiated forms and critically approach some of the other opinions of scientists expressed in science. Scientific and practical significance. The substantiated provisions on the presence of peculiarities in criminal proceedings in respect of foreign citizens complement the theoretical model of preliminary investigation in this category of cases proposed by scientists and the opinion in the doctrine about the expediency of differentiation of proceedings in criminal cases of this category. From a practical point of view, the application of the developed proposals and their introduction into the criminal procedural legislation will increase the effectiveness of preliminary investigation.
Official burial place as a source of evidentiary information for exhumation proceedings
Authors: Elfimov Pavel , Vinogradova Ol'ga
Published: December 2024

Introduction. According to part 3 of article 178 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, exhumation is carried out to remove a corpse from the place of burial, but the law does not directly specify the official nature of the place of burial. This circumstance gives some researchers the opportunity to expand the criteria of the place of exhumation. However, this approach contradicts the very essence of exhumation, as such a broad understanding of the burial place makes it impossible to define the boundaries of exhumation. The main condition for fixing such boundaries is the official place of burial. Methods: the methodological basis of the research is represented by comparative and system-structural analysis, study and synthesis of the literature, which were reflected in solving the stated research objective and tasks, namely in the synthesis of structural elements of investigative activity, analysis of the organisation of investigation at the initial stage, as well as the establishment of structural links between the elements of the system of interaction between the investigator and the body of enquiry. The authors applied the activity methodological approach and used general scientific methods of research (system-structural analysis, method of dialectical cognition). Results. Taking into account the high psychologically traumatising nature of such an investigative action, it is required to theoretically clarify what kind of information is really necessary for performing the exhumation of a corpse, and what kind of information is sufficient due to the available evidence. Poor quality of exhumation may lead to the question of re-exhumation of the corpse, which is highly undesirable. It is necessary to clarify at the theoretical level the specificity of certain provisions and reasons of exhumation, which distinguishes it from other investigative actions.
Philosophical and legal concept of the essence and content of the category of “responsibility” and its transformation in the context of the modern world picture
Authors: Kuznetsov Aleksey
Published: December 2024

Introduction. For a long time, our ideas about the essence and content of the category of "responsibility" in the general theory of law, including views on the concept of criminal liability, remained stable, despite their debatable nature. Retrospective responsibility, which implies a state response to unlawful behaviour, has always been associated with state coercion. At the same time, the current criminal law policy, the need for a tougher response to modern challenges, coupled with the ideas of postmodernism and metamodernism allow us to put forward a thesis about a significant transformation of the category of “responsibility” and the need to rethink its essence and content. Methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, various scientific methods were used: general scientific methods of cognition (systemic-structural, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), the historical method in combination with the hermeneutic, as well as specific scientific methods, such as comparative legal, legal modeling and extrapolation. Results. Indicators have been identified that do not fit into the traditional understanding of responsibility, confirming the fact of its serious and inevitable transformation. These include, in particular, the use of emergency legislation by the state, significantly expanding the boundaries of responsibility; the use of new technologies (biotechnology, artificial intelligence capabilities); a shift in the vector of strategy and tactics for combating crimes from criminal law to political; a gradual transformation of the concept of retribution and punishment into a concept of control. All of the above allows us to conclude that in the near future our justice system will become more totalitarian and harsh.
Methodological foundations for the formation of the readiness of future employees of the penal enforcement system to implement probation functions
Authors: Pashukova Anastasia , Kirillova Tat'yana
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the methodological foundations for the formation of the readiness of future employees of the penal enforcement system to implement probation functions. Probation activities require specialists to have special knowledge and skills related to assessing the risk of relapse, conducting accounting and analytical work and interacting with various social institutions. Approaches to the training of future specialists, including theoretical and practical aspects of training, are presented. The importance of the development and implementation of psychological programmes aimed at the formation of necessary professional and personal qualities in future specialists is substantiated. Methods: analysis, comparison and modeling. The model of formation of readiness of future employees of the penal system to perform probation functions is considered. Probation as an institutional form of control and rehabilitation of offenders requires specific knowledge and skills from specialists. The key components of the model are highlighted and mechanisms for its implementation in educational organisations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are proposed. Results. Formation of readiness of future employees of the penal system to implement probation functions is a priority task that requires a careful approach to educational methods and training programs. In this context, the authors identified several key aspects that should be achieved in the training of cadets of educational organisations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (understanding of the probation concept; formation of professional competencies; development of teaching methodology; social and psychological training; practical interaction, etc.). These aspects will help to improve the quality of training of future employees, which in turn will contribute to the effective implementation of probation functions in the penal system of the Russian Federation.
Methodological support for social capital research in organizations
Authors: Pochebut Lyudmila , Chiker Vera
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to present a synthesis of the theoretical, methodological and empirical research findings pertaining to the social capital in organisations, and as well as to describe the diagnostic tools used in its assessment. According to the concept of social capital in organisations as a unified semantic space encompassing the employees of various organisations, the key components of social capital in organisations that can be quantified are identified. These components are trust, commitment to goals and values, the constitutive interaction norms, and the organisational reputation. Methods. A theoretical and methodological analysis revealed the main principles of social capital study. This analysis allowed us to create a generalised model for the study of social capital. Based on the aforementioned model, validation methodology for measuring social capital including a calculation of the consolidation index was proposed (IXCO). Results. The model demonstrates that the principal components can be qualitatively and quantitatively characterised, and social capital accumulation may have both positive and negative implications. The concept of “social capital consolidation in organizations” is introduced, reflecting the unity of its main components. This study reveals the differences in the structure of social capital depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of organisations' personnel. Furthermore, empirical studies are conducted to confirm the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social capital in organisations in different spheres of activity, including business, education, as well as in issue of generational differences.
Protection of sexual inviolability of minors on the Internet: searching for problems solution
Authors: Basova Alla
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The use of the Internet in committing offences against the sexual inviolability of minors is an emerging threat to their full mental and physical development. These crimes are characterised by a large number of victims suffering from a single person with a sexual behaviour disorder. The latent nature of such offences determines the scientific search for the practical ensuring of effective legal protection of minor's sexual inviolability on the Internet in line with the existing problems. Methods. General scientific methods of research (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation) were used; private methods of research (system-structural, logical-legal) made it possible to comprehensively study the problem of sexual inviolability of minors and ways of its solution. The method of legal forecasting revealed the areas of legislative development on the problem to be solved. Results. The high social danger of indecent acts against minors online was revealed. This led to the development of specialised bodies for the protection of sexual inviolability of minors on the Internet in foreign countries, to the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence in the digital search for prohibited pornographic content. The author proposes to solve the problem under consideration in Russia by improving the legal regulation of supervision of persons convicted for violations of the sexual inviolability of minors through the “Safe City” system, as well as by restricting general access to the Internet for minors under the age of 14.
Ultra-fast etching of photoresist by reactive atmospheric-pressure thermal plasma jet with surface temperature measurement
Authors: Matsumoto Kyohei , Kato Hibiki , Yu Jiawen , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Higashi Seiichiro
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric-pressure reactive thermal plasma jet (R-TPJ) with Ar and O2 gas mixture was applied to the etching of photoresist (PR) on a silicon wafer. Optical interference contactless thermometry (OICT) and optical emission spectroscopy were carried out to clarify the relationship between the etching rate, amount of atomic oxygen radicals, and PR surface temperature. The results show that the O2 flow rate and surface temperature are obviously related to the etching rate of the PR. The R-TPJ irradiation with input current at 60 A reaches surface temperature of 720 K within 7 ms and achieved an etching rate of 84 μm s−1.
VIEW OF AHL AL-DZIMMAH THEORY REGARDING THE THOUGHTS OF THE INDONESIAN ULEMA COUNCIL (MUI) ABOUT POLICIES ON INTERFAITH SERVICES AT THE OFFICE OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS (KUA)
Authors: Siti Khoirotul Ula
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the stance of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) regarding the Ministry of Religious Affairs' decision to transform Religious Affairs Offices (KUA) into service centres for all religions. The aim of this article is to analyse MUI's perspective on the policy related to religious services at KUA from the viewpoint of the ahlu dhimmah theory, a concept within the framework of Islamic governance. The research methodology employed in this article is qualitative research, relying on literature as the primary data source. Information for this study is drawn from the documents of the Eighth Ulama Fatwa Commission Meeting.
The research findings indicate that, according to MUI, KUA should not be designated as a service centre for all religions in Indonesia. This decision is based on historical evidence showing that KUA, which operates under the Ministry of Religious Affairs, is specifically intended for Muslims as part of the compensation for the removal of seven words from the Jakarta Charter, which previously affirmed the obligation to uphold Islamic law for followers of Islam in Indonesia. The ideology that has replaced this is Pancasila. MUI also argues that issues related to religions other than Islam are significantly different from Islamic religious affairs, raising concerns about the potential for religious mixing if KUA becomes a service centre for all religions. MUI asserts that transforming KUA into a service centre for all religions contradicts existing laws and is not in line with the social realities of interfaith interactions.
The implications of the analysis based on the ahlu dhimmah theory suggest that non-Muslims have the right to register marriages and receive implementation services at KUA. However, it is crucial that officials acting as "marriage registrars" adhere to the teachings of their respective religions to prevent any interfaith syncretizm.
HARMONI EKOWISATA MARIMBUNNA: MEMBANGUN KEARIFAN LOKAL MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT TIKALA DI KABUPATEN TORAJA UTARA
Authors: La'biran Roni , Dewi Resnita , Allo Markus Deli Girik , Mentaruk Hesmiati , Yosfa Wendy Desfour
Published: December 2024

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PkM) "Harmoni Ekowisata Marimbunna" berfokus pada pengembangan kearifan lokal melalui pendampingan masyarakat Tikala di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Program ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi budaya dan alam setempat dalam pengembangan ekowisata yang berkelanjutan. Kegiatan ini meliputi pelatihan manajemen ekowisata, pengenalan praktik pertanian berkelanjutan, serta pengembangan produk wisata berbasis budaya. Melalui metode partisipatif, masyarakat dilibatkan dalam setiap tahap, mulai dari perencanaan hingga implementasi. Pelatihan yang diberikan mencakup keterampilan dalam pengelolaan lingkungan ekowisata, pemasaran, dan pembuatan kerajinan tangan. Dengan demikian, masyarakat tidak hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka, tetapi juga memperkuat keterampilan yang dapat mendukung pendapatan ekonomi lokal. Hasil program menunjukkan peningkatan minat wisatawan untuk berkunjung, serta peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga masyarakat dan kreatifitas. Selain itu, pelestarian budaya dan lingkungan juga tercapai melalui promosi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Keberhasilan PkM ini diharapkan dapat menjadi model bagi daerah lain dalam mengintegrasikan pendidikan, ekowisata, dan pengembangan masyarakat.  Abstract. The Harmoni Ekowisata Marimbunna" Community Partnership Program (PkM) focuses on developing local wisdom through the active engagement of the Tikala community in North Toraja. This program aims to leverage local cultural and natural resources for sustainable ecotourism development. Activities include training in ecotourism management, introducing sustainable agricultural practices, and developing culture-based tourism products. Using a participatory approach, community members are involved in all stages, from planning to implementation. Training sessions cover skills in managing homestays, preparing local cuisine, and crafting traditional handicrafts. This not only enhances their knowledge but also strengthens skills that can support local economic income. Results from the program show an increased interest from tourists and a rise in household income within the community. Additionally, cultural and environmental preservation is achieved through the promotion of local wisdom values. The success of this PkM is expected to serve as a model for other regions in integrating education, ecotourism, and community development. Through this harmonious approach.
Strategy for Enhancing the Performance of Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (Case Study at the Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance Base in Tual)
Authors: Bintoro Sigit , Riani Etty , Nadiarti Nadiarti , Rumanta Maman
Published: December 2024

This study aims to formulate strategies to enhance the performance of marine and fisheries resource surveillance at the Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance Base (PSDKP) in Tual. The effectiveness of surveillance is a key factor in preserving resources and preventing illegal activities that harm the state. This research employs two main analytical approaches, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis, to identify and prioritize the most relevant strategies. The AHP results indicate that human resources (HR) have the highest weight (0.657), followed by infrastructure and surveillance systems (0.259), and policy (0.084). Based on the SWOT analysis, the prioritized strategies include enhancing HR capacity with a weight of 0.571, developing surveillance systems with a weight of 0.191, strengthening cooperation with a weight of 0.123, and advocating for policy and lobbying with a weight of 0.114. The implementation of these strategies is expected to improve surveillance effectiveness, reduce violations, and support the sustainability of marine and fisheries resources in the PSDKP Tual area.
O PAPEL DO CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA NA PREVENÇÃO DA PNEUMONIA ASSOCIADA À VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santana João Victor Atayde de , Dantas Fabielle Silva , Trapiá Cristiany Sá , Tourinho Filipe Baience , Almeida João Victor Oliveira Falcão de , Alves Paulo Eduardo Falcão de Assis , Silva Caroline Reis , Muller Nathalia Tilla Athayde , Conceição Luan Vitor Ferreira , Menezes Arthur dos Santos , Araújo Rodrigo Cabral Correia de , Assis Eliseu Santana de , Silva Tháyna Teixeira da
Published: December 2024

A ventilação mecânica é um suporte essencial para pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda ou crônica, mas que pode levar à uma condição respiratória conhecida como pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica, condição sistêmica geralmente causada por microaspiração de bactérias que colonizam a orofaringe e as vias respiratórias superiores de pacientes intubados, apresentando majoritariamente prevalência de bactérias gram-negativas, como as Pseudomonas aeruginosa e também bactérias do gênero Klebsiella, podendo também apresentar alguns gêneros de bactérias gram-positivas. Em pacientes que são submetidos a intubação, a presença de tubo orotraqueal aumenta o risco de infecções, uma vez que rompe as barreiras naturais das vias aéreas, além de facilitar a comunicação direta com a árvore traqueobrônquica, favorecendo aassim a desidratação, bem como a formação de biofilme, onde microrganismos patogênicos podem se proliferar, causando um aumento do risco de infecção pulmonar. Nesse sentido, o cirurgião-dentista desempenha um papel crucial no ambiente hospitalar, ao colaborar com a equipe multidisciplinar para na prevenção das possíveis complicações associadas à ventilação mecânica. Nesse contexto, a higiene bucal adequada é fundamental para evitar o desequilíbrio da microbiota oral, que pode se tornar patogênica e contribuir para o agravamento do quadro do paciente. O uso de clorexidina, por exemplo, é uma medida eficaz na redução da colonização bacteriana oral e na prevenção de pneumonias nosocomiais. Sendo assim, é possível concluir que a presença do cirurgião-dentista torna-se essencial para promover a saúde bucal e acelerar a recuperação dos pacientes, entretanto, novos estudos são necessários para aprofundar os conhecimentos a respeito do papel do cirurgião-dentista na prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica.
Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Risk Factors in Urban and Rural Congolese Areas
Authors: Elenga-Bongo Charley Loumade , Bouenizabila Evariste , Mayanda Raissa Laure , Sida Ghislaine Rachel Biwole , Ongoth Farel Elilie , Bugova Larisa Abubakirovna , Moussavou Chancelvie Chabrel Yidika , Gab Marie-
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The global progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemic is a real public health problem. This growth, more remarkable in low- and middle-income countries is linked to risk factors (RF) and urbanization. This study contributes to the updating of epidemiological data on diabetes and its RF in rural and urban areas in Congo. Aim of the Study: To describe epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of DM and its RF in rural and urban areas in Congo. Patients and Method: A cross-sectional, retrospective and multicenter study, including patients in 20 centers (urban/rural) from October 2010 to 2017.Studied parameters were: socio-demographic profile, duration of diabetes, anthropometric measurements, RF, types of DM and glycaemia. Data were analyzed by Epi info 7.2.1.0, using Chi-2 and Student, with a significance threshold of 0.05. Results: A total of 4758 patients were received, including 4116 patients (86.51%) in urban areas and 642 patients (13.49%) in rural areas. Among them, 2460 men (51.70%) and 2298 women (48.30%), M/F ratio of 1.07. The mean age was 51.67±15.45 years [range 2 to 95 years].3021 patients (63.5%) were known to be diabetic, with a mean duration of 5.97 years and 1737 patients (36.5%) were newly diagnosed. The annual incidence was 248 new cases/year. The socio-professional status was dominated by the unemployed (33.80%), employees (26.2%), students/pupils (12.9%) and retirees (11.9%). T2D (84.72%) and T1D (8.53%) were more represented. RF: Hypertension (39.34%), affects 90.60% of patients in urban areas and 9.40% in rural areas (p = 0.000). Overweight (37.89%) and obesity (27.77%), predominantly urban, female and in T2D (p = 0.000)). Metabolic syndrome of urban predominance was found in 17.12% of patients. The mean glycaemia was 283 ± 14 mg /dl. Conclusion: Our study shows that DM and its RFs are common in Congo, with a strong predominance in urban areas, requiring specific strategies to reduce the impact of urbanization.
Formulation and Nutritional Quality of Complementary Foods Developed from Red Beans, Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes and Peanut Flour
Authors: Thalès Dongmo Djeuben , Mananga Marlyne-Josephine , Joelle Mbouché Fanmoé Marceline , Karrington Eyili Noah Joseph , William Djeukeu Asongni , Marlène Youogo , Celine Mimboe Foé , Hygride Dongmo , Tene Tambo
Published: December 2024

Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies during infancy and early childhood are major problems facing developing countries, particularly Cameroon. This study aimed to formulate highly nutritious infant foods from locally available and affordable raw materials: orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in Cameroon. The formulated diets were analysed for their proximate (protein, fat, ash, fibre, carbohydrates), mineral (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), and antinutritional contents using standard methods. They were compared with the FAO/WHO standards. A total of two formulations were produced, with compositional proportions calculated based on recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for young children. The formulated ingredient varied 57-58% sweet potato, 23-25% beans, and 18-19% peanut. The linear programming method combined the samples into different formulations to meet FAO/WHO/UNICEF requirements. The results showed that the nutritional composition of the flour on a dry weight basis was as follows: crude protein: 12.66-13.66g/100g, lipid: 8.95-9.13g/100g, carbohydrates: 61.58-63.71g/100g, fibre: 5.58-6.22g/100g, ash: 3.82-4.64g/100g, energy: 381.53-387.65 Kcal, iron 9.45-10.46mg/100g, zinc 3.00-4.24mg/100g. The proximate contents of the formulated flours meet the FAO/WHO standards, except the energy content. The results of the study showed that the formulated diets contain very low antinutritional factors (phytate: 0.12 mg/100g and trypsin inhibitory content 0.30 to 0.35mg/100g). Based on the results, the complementary food formulated from sweet potato, beans, and peanut flour is a good source of protein, iron, and zinc and would contribute to the daily requirements of infants and young children.
Profil Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Rendang Kecamatan Rendang Kabupaten Karangasem
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Diah Apsari
Published: December 2024

Kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Anemia menjadi salah satu ancaman kesehatan terhadap ibu dan anak. Anemia dalam kehamilan merupakan kondisi ibu dengan kadar hemoglobin ibu kurang dari 11,0 g/dL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi anemia dan profil kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rendang Kabupaten Karangasem Bali.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif. Subyek penelitian adalah semua ibu hamil yang tercatat pada register ibu hamil di ruang KIA/KB Puskesmas Rendang, Karangasem, Bali selama periode waktu Juli 2023 sampai Juni 2024. Hasil menunjukan rerata kadar hemoglobin adalah 11,5 g/dL. Kadar hemoglobin < 11 g/dL (anemia) sebanyak 30,2%. Sebagian besar (22,0%) anemia pada ibu hamil tergolong anemia ringan, diikuti berturut-turut anemia sedang 7,9%, dan anemia berat 0,2%. Sebagian besar (78,5%) ibu hamil berumur 20-35 tahun, diikuti berturut-turut >35 tahun 12,9% dan <20 tahun 8,6%. Persentase anemia pada ibu hamil paling banyak pada kelompok umur <20 tahun yaitu 50%, dikuti berturut-turut kelompok umur >35 tahun 31,6% dan kelompok umur 20-35 tahun 27,7%. Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil didapatkan 30,2%, dengan rerata kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil adalah 11,5%. Sebagian besar ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia tergolong anemia ringan. Persentase kejadian anemia paling banyak pada kelompok ibu hamil umur <20 tahun.
The Necessity and Importance of Research and Its Role in Afghan Society
Authors: Yar Fayaz Gul Mazloum
Published: December 2024

This research examines the necessity and importance of scientific research in Afghan society and its role in the country's economic, social, and cultural development. Given Afghanistan's numerous challenges, including war, poverty, and political instability, research is recognized as a vital tool for identifying and analyzing problems and providing data-driven and evidence-based solutions. The research employs a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews with researchers, university professors, and policymakers. Findings indicate that scientific research can contribute to economic development by enhancing educational quality, improving infrastructure, and increasing innovation. Additionally, the results suggest that institutional, cultural, and financial resource barriers are among the main challenges to advancing research in Afghanistan. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the need for investment in research and the creation of suitable infrastructures to achieve sustainable development and improve the quality of life in Afghanistan.
Management of Minor Head Trauma in Children: Evaluation of Emergency Department Practices and CT Decisions
Authors: Güneysu Semih , Guneysu Fatih , Canga Halit Berk , Sarıtaş Ayhan
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to improve the management of minor head trauma cases frequently encountered in emergency medicine by optimizing the use of computed tomography (CT) scans. The goal is to minimize patients' exposure to radiation and reduce escalating hospital costs.
Material and Methods: This prospective, descriptive study included 370 pediatric patients aged 0–18 years with minor head trauma who presented to the Emergency Department of Düzce University Research and Application Hospital over a one-year period. Detailed records of demographic data, presenting symptoms, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, CT scan decisions, results, and discharge status were collected using patient follow-up forms.
Results: The majority of pediatric patients with minor head trauma were male (58.4%) and had a GCS score of 15 (92.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were nausea/vomiting (11.6%) and headache (10.5%). CT scan decisions were influenced by presenting symptoms. Most CT scans yielded normal findings (42.7%), while the detection rate of abnormal findings was low (6.3%).
Conclusions: This study highlights critical findings for optimizing CT scan decisions in pediatric minor head trauma cases. The results support strategies to reduce unnecessary CT scans, thereby minimizing radiation exposure and enhancing the cost-effectiveness of healthcare services.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND ACNE VULGARIS IN STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE 2022-2023 PRIMA INDONESIA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Valensia Valensia , Oentari Widyaningsih , Chandra Rudi
Published: December 2024

Background: The skin is the outermost part of the body that functions as a barrier between humans and the environment. The structure of the skin is affected by various factors such as climate, age, gender, race, and location in the body. The skin consists of 3 main layers, namely the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous. In addition, the skin has sebaceous glands or oil glands located on the skin, hair, and nails. These glands function to maintain skin moisture, especially when they are active and developing during puberty. However, activity can also cause skin problems, such as warts, dermatitis, and acne vulgaris.
Methods: The type of research conducted is observational analytical research on the Kendall's Tau design approach. The sampling technique is stratified random sampling. As many as 98 respondents were obtained who met the inclusion criteria of the research object.
Results: Shows that the most commonly found sex is female. This study shows that there is no relationship between milk consumption and acne vulgaris.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, there was no significant relationship between the frequency of milk consumption and acne vulgaris, the amount of milk consumption per day and per week, because milk contains zinc and vitamin A. Zinc functions as an anti-inflammatory agent in acne by inhibiting the growth of C. acnes bacteria, and milk contains vitamin D, so it has a pleiotropic effect that can prevent lesions in acne vulgaris.
Data-driven Strategies for Reducing Shipper Fallout in Changing Trade Environments
Authors: Vinay Acharya
Published: December 2024

Global trade environments are complex and constantly changing, creating significant challenges for the actual shippers and leading to what has been called “shipper fallout”, which means that the shippers experience disruptions, inefficiencies or fail to meet what is required in trading. This review paper discusses data-driven approaches as the way to solve the problem of shippers’ churn, stressing on flexibility of such solution in the conditions of shifts in trade environments. Thus, by adopting big data analytics to analyze historical data, and developing optimized predictive models, as well as monitoring executive systems, Christopher, M., & Peck, H. (2004) companies can increase the effectiveness of their decisions, supply chain robustness, and lower the likelihood of fallout. This paper also measures the primary obstacles, that are the data integration, data security and the legal demands, as well as future works on this subject.
Driving simulator for road safety design: a comparison between virtual reality tests and on-field tests
Authors: Meocci Monica , Terrosi Alessandro , Paliotto Andrea , La Torre Francesca , Infante Irene
Published: December 2024

Virtual reality simulations conducted by driving simulators represent a methodology to assess both the quality of road design and road safety in a safe, controlled, and replicable environment. Nowadays, there are numerous studies that use driving simulators to analyze the driver's response when specific road safety treatments are planned before these are implemented. This approach allows the road designer/scientist to estimate the potential safety effectiveness of the countermeasure/design configuration considered. However, although virtual reality simulations are potentially extremely useful in the evaluation of road configuration design and treatments effectiveness, they also have cons. The two most important are the limitations in the reproducibility of the real world environment and the difference in drivers’ behavior due to the awareness that they are conducting a test. In this context, our research aims to overcome these limitations through a robust validation procedure designed to demonstrate that the results obtained in virtual reality are reliable and can be exploited to design safer roads. According to the state of the art, the statistical procedure adopted allows the comparison between data collected during virtual reality experiments with those collected in on-field experiment using an instrumented vehicle. The on-field test was conducted a few years after the implementation of the safety measures evaluated by means of a driving simulator experiment. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the results of the two experiments to determine if the differences between them are more likely to arise from random chance or not, to demonstrate the reliability of the virtual simulations and to identify the main limitations in exploiting the results. The procedure was repeated on the road section affected by the reconfiguration intervention analyzed in virtual reality, using the same validation procedure usually adopted to validate a driving simulator before the implementation of a safety measure. The procedure demonstrates the relative validity of the virtual reality experiment and, in some road segments, also the absolute validity of the results obtained. It confirms the ability of the driving simulator to be used in the preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the designed safety solutions.
From BIM to digital twin. IOT data integration in asset management platform
Authors: Biagini Carlo , Bongini Andrea , Marzi Luca
Published: December 2024

Real estate asset operations typically represent around 80% of investment and management costs, with space management and system monitoring being crucial for user well-being.The AECO industry is moving towards a data-driven model, combining various type of data from various sources. In addition, the inclusion of sensor systems in buildings is leading to a shift towards a distributed semantic approach, requiring a deeper understanding of reality and the ability to link different ontologies from various fields. So, the need to address challenges such as data interoperability, integration of different semantic domains, and improvement of information exchange processes has recognized semantic web technologies as a powerful tool for enhancing the value of BIM models by facilitating data integration and enabling the application of complex queries across multiple data sources.
The proposed paper aims to analyze the state of art about IoT and semantic web technologies, and their possible integration in a BIM environment to aid decision-making in building maintenance. It will provide a first ongoing approach for the digitalization of the assets managed by the University of Florence's Building Area. The study shows the two different workflows set up to connect BIM models with sensor data.
The first one involved the use of DTH22 environmental sensors integrated through Node-Red to the open source platform Snap4City for data management; the second one involved the installation of LORAWAN sensors within a building and the use of a property platform, Niagara Tridium, for data manipulation and sampling to be convolved within a BMS platform. The work is part of a larger EU Next Generation research project titled, "BIM2DT. BIM-to-Digital Twin: information management to support decision-making in the building life cycle".
CURRENT STATE OF RUSSIAN TOURISM
Authors:   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation named after V.V. Lukyanov, Tikhonovich Maria I. , Andriyanov Vitaly A. ,   Orel Law Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation named after V.V. Lukyanov
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to sports tourism, which is currently ac-tively gaining popularity and is an exciting outdoor activity, including sports, travel, adventures and competitions. The arti-cle also provides a brief description of the main types of sports tourism (hiking, water, skiing, speleotourism) and examines the main prerequisites for the development of national sports tour-ism. Development of sports tourism complex in our country will contribute to growth of the population engaged in this type of activity, strengthening physical and moral health of both the entire population as a whole and particular individual in particular
A STUDY OF THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF THE STUDENTS STUDYING AT THE SCHOOL OF LEADERS
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Medvedeva Ekaterina B. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University
Published: December 2024

The article reveals the problem of researching the leadership qualities of the students studying at the school of leaders. The results of the study of the formation level of leadership qualities among the students, in comparison with the students not studying at the school of leaders, are presented. The results of the study will be useful to teachers and psychologists in the field of education and those who are interested in the problems of supporting leadership skills development among students studying at the school of leaders.
REVIEW OF MODERN APPROACHES TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USE IN FOODSTUFF RETAIL SPHERE
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA, Baranova Karina E. ,   Central Russian Institute of Management – Branch of RANEPA
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes in industries around the world, and retail is no exception. As the retail sphere becomes increasingly competitive and consumers’ expectations change, companies turn to AI to have competitive advantage. AI is transforming the way retailers operate and interact with their customers from automating routine operations to delivering personalized customer experiences. However, while AI offers promising opportunities, it also brings significant challenges, including concerns about data privacy, integration difficulties, and the future of the workforce. This article explores how AI is changing the retail sector, what new frontiers it opens, and what barriers should be overcome to realize its full potential.
БАШНЯ В ЧЕЧЕНСКОМ ИЗОБРАЗИТЕЛЬНОМ ИСКУССТВЕ
КАК ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ХРОНОТОПА
Authors: Хамзатова З.Р.
Published: December 2024

Хронотоп в художественном пространстве (в широком смысле – в искусстве) выступает как своеобразная, целостная, единая «ось координат»: он позволяет адресату творческой коммуникации представить то время, в которое погружает его автор, исторический период творчества художника, а также ощутить атмосферу и своеобразие современной зрителю эпохи. Раскрытие художественного назначения и символического смысла образов башни в чеченской живописи позволяет подойти к вопросу о восприятии категории времени и пространства в национальном сознании, проанализировать этнические архетипы, прочно закрепившиеся в памяти народа, вошедшие в его культуру.
ИСТОРИКО-АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ
НА РОДОВЫХ ЗЕМЛЯХ ТАЙПА ГУНОЙ
Authors: Сулумов З.Х.
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения историко-археологического наследия на родовых землях тайпа Гуной. Современная окрестная территория данного селения известна наличием множества культовых объектов, связанных с древними захоронениями и историческими памятниками. Автор отмечает в своем исследовании, что многие ценные памятники и находки малоизучены. Также в результате хищнической деятельности «черных копателей», ценные артефакты, ранее обнаруженных в этих краях, попросту пропадают бесследно. По мнению автора, вандалы наносят ощутимый ущерб историко-археологическому наследию чеченского народа. Автор надеется, что объявленный Главой ЧР, Героем России Р.А. Кадыровым Год Истории, исторических памятников, архитектуры и культурного наследия чеченского народа станет серьезным фактром в изучении прошлого родного края как неотъемлемой части российской истории.
РАЗВИТИЕ ИПОТЕЧНОГО КРЕДИТОВАНИЯ В ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ:
ДИНАМИКА, ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Таштамиров М.Р. , Башаев А.А.
Published: December 2024

В статье проведен анализ динамики развития рынка ипотечного кредитования в Чеченской Республике за период с 2019 по 2023 годы. Основное внимание уделено исследованию объемов выданных ипотечных кредитов, изменениям средней процентной ставки, сроков кредитования и уровня задолженности населения. Выявлены ключевые тенденции, такие как рост доли ипотечного кредитования в общем объеме банковских кредитов, увеличение задолженности по ипотечным кредитам и снижение доступности ипотечных продуктов в условиях экономической нестабильности. Рассматриваются основные факторы, влияющие на развитие ипотечного рынка, включая программы государственной поддержки и изменения в макроэкономической политике. В результате анализа предложены направления совершенствования ипотечных программ в целях повышения доступности жилья для населения региона.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО
РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ СКФО
Authors: Олисаева А.В.
Published: December 2024

Экономика Российской Федерации подвергается трансформации на уровне регионов, затрагивая различные сферы экономики. Развитие и достаточность отдельно взятого региона становятся национальными целями для страны в целом. Уникальные возможности и потенциал регионов должны способствовать достижению устойчивости страны в целом.
РАЗВИТИЕ СТРАТЕГИРОВАНИЯ ФИНАНСОВ КОРПОРАЦИЙ
Authors: Ситохова Т.Е. , Кумаритова З.А.
Published: December 2024

Настоящее исследование направлено на определение ключевым в процессе стратегирования финансов корпораций, функционирующих в форме общества с ограниченной ответственностью, фундаментального стоимостного подхода. Корпоративные финансы обществ с ограниченной ответственностью являются наименее изученными и уникальными элементами финансовой системы РФ, представляя тем самым наибольший исследовательский интерес. Цель статьи заключается в необходимости доказать рациональность фундаментального стоимостного подхода при оценке стоимости капитала корпоративного субъекта, функционирующего в форме общества с ограниченной ответственностью, а также его эффективность при принятии инвестиционных решений. В рамках статьи исследованы состав и структура капитала корпоративного субъекта, функционирующего в форме общества с ограниченной ответственностью, и обозначена его ключевая роль в формировании стоимости компании.
РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФИКСИРОВАННЫХ И РЕГУЛИРУЮЩИХ
НАЛОГОВ В БЮДЖЕТНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ:
МЕХАНИЗМ И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФИНАНСОВУЮ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ
Authors: Алклычев А.М.
Published: December 2024

В статье представлен анализ распределения фиксированных и регулирующих налогов в бюджетной системе Российской Федерации, включая налог на доходы физических лиц (НДФЛ), налог на прибыль организаций и акцизы. Исследуются механизмы их распределения между федеральными, региональными и муниципальными бюджетами. В статье проводится оценка влияния данных налогов на финансовую устойчивость регионов, а также на устранение региональных диспропорций и развитие инфраструктуры. Особое внимание уделено динамике поступлений налога на прибыль и НДФЛ в 2022 – 2023 годах, их сезонным колебаниям и влиянию на бюджетное планирование. В результате исследования выявлены ключевые тенденции, показывающие устойчивый рост доходов бюджетной системы и важность регулирования налогов для повышения финансовой автономии регионов. Анализ показывает, что распределение регулирующих налогов способствует снижению зависимости регионов от федеральных трансфертов и улучшению качества бюджетного управления.
АНАЛИЗ ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО БЮДЖЕТА ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ
РЕСПУБЛИКИ ПО ДОХОДАМ И РАСХОДАМ ЗА 2021-2023 ГОДЫ
Authors: Ибрагимова Э.С.
Published: December 2024

В статье проводится анализ исполнения бюджета Чеченской Республики за период 2021 – 2023 гг. Рассматривается динамика и структура доходов и расходов регионального бюджета, оценивается их сбалансированность. Проводится сравнение фактических показателей бюджета с плановыми назначениями, выявляются основные тенденции и факторы исполнения бюджета. Дается прогноз основных параметров бюджета на 2024 – 2026 годы.