bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Detection using Principal Component Analysis and Mean Value Modeling in a 2 MW gas engine
Authors: Cárdenas-Escorcia Yulineth , Valencia-Ochoa Guillermo , Campos-Avella Juan
Published: April 2021

This paper describes the combination of statistical techniques and mathematical modeling in order to developed a fault detection system in a 2 MW natural gas engine under actual operation conditions. The Mixing chamber, turbochargers, intake and exhaust manifolds, cylinders, throttle and bypass valves, and the electric generator, which are the main components of the gas engine, were studied under a mean value engine to complement the statistical analysis. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to integrate two approaches in order to relate the faults with the changes of mean thermodynamic values of the system, helping to sustain the engine in optimal operating conditions in terms of reliability. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a multivariate statistical fault detection technique, was used to analyze the historical data from the gas engine to detect abnormal operation conditions, by means of statistical measures such as Square Prediction Error (SPE) and T2. These abnormal operation conditions are categorized using cluster techniques and contributions plots, to later examine its causes with the support of the results of a mean value mathematical model proposed for the system. The integration of the proposed methods allowed successfully identify which component or components of the engine might be malfunctioning. Once combined, these two methods were able to accurately predict and identify faults as well as shut downs of the gas engine during a month of operation. Statistical analysis was used to detect faults on a 2 MW industrial gas engine, also the result were compared with a mean value model in order to detect variations of the thermodynamic properties of the system at abnormal conditions.
Storydoing in the emotions of young university students during the process of learning calculus in engineering
Authors: Vergel-Ortega Mawency , Gómez-Vergel Carlos Sebastián , Caravalho-Casanova Jesús Francisco
Published: April 2021

The study of emotions using storydoing, constituted as the main factor in the learning of calculus in engineering, constitutes the main objective of the research, executed under the qualitative approach and the phenomenological method in order to deepen in the answers expressed by the adolescents of an educational institution. The article, based on a quantitative study, analyzes how the process of learning calculus takes place in the emotional, thought and feeling responses from the perspective of the students, who are directly benefited or affected by this situation. The sample consists of 111 university students from the first to the fourth semester. Emerging conceptual categories were friendship, role, learning innovation, emotion, feeling, environment, family support. Emerging paradigms were synchronic behaviour, inter-agent epistemology, self-organizing dynamics, abstract symbolic representation
Impact of engineering foundations on Colombian entrepreneurship
Authors: Castro-Silva Hugo Fernando , Rodríguez-Fonseca Fernando , Martínez-Chaparro Yamith Alfonso
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation related to the personal factors that influence the disposition of Colombian engineers towards undertakings in their training area. To fulfill this purpose, a quantitative and correlational investigation has been implemented with a methodology similar to the related studies in other geographical areas such as Europe and Asia.  Through a factorial analysis, the efficiency of the information collection instrument could be compared to measure key issues of the study such as the willingness to entrepreneurship, leadership, creativity, the willingness to perform professionally as an employee, creativity and intelligence. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the adjustment of the variable measurement model and correlation models and structural equations were used to examine the relationships between the variables. The empirical evidences of this investigation allow to affirm that for the population object of study that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurial spirit and factors related to the personality of the engineer, but not with creativity and intelligence.
Random distribution of topological defects in mesoscopic superconducting samples
Authors: Silva-Mosquera Oscar , Vargas-Ramirez Omar Yamid , Barba-Ortega José José
Published: April 2021

In the present work we analyze the effect of topological defects at different temperatures in a mesoscopic superconducting sample in the presence of an applied magnetic field H. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations are solved with the method of link variables. We study the magnetization curves M(H), number of vortices N(H) and Gibbs G(H) free energy of the sample as a applied magnetic field function. We found that the random distribution of the anchor centers for the temperatures used does not cause strong anchor centers for the vortices, so the configuration of fluxoids in the material is symmetrical due to the well-known Beam-Livingston energy barrier.
Induction motor sensorless control by DSP
Authors: Caicedo Edison Andrés , Sepúlveda-Pacagui Henry Alfonso , Pabón-Fernández Luis David , Pardo-García Aldo , Díaz-Rodríguez Jorge Luis
Published: April 2021

This article presents the development of an algorithm for speed control of the induction motor by means of the DSP core microcontroller TMS320F28069M, which is in charge of performing the digital treatment of the voltage and current signals measured to estimate the speed of rotor and close the control loop. The algorithms consider the operating limits and the characteristics of the DSP, together with an interface that allows monitoring the estimated speed, and modifying the operating point and the constants of the PI controller, the controller output is assigned to an output of the DSP PWM_DAC which is connected to an ABB ACS800-U1 frequency converter in remote mode to carry out the motor speed change by means of a V / F control law.
Failure analysis in single-cylinder diesel engine SK-MDF300 through acoustic emissions
Authors: Duarte-Forero Jorge , Ramón-Ramón Sergio Andrés , Valencia-Ochoa Guillermo
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the diagnosis of a single-cylinder diesel engine is evaluated through acoustic emissions. The acoustic signal from four engine locations, which include the engine block, the injection system, the fuel tank, and the fuel pump, is analyzed using the medium quadratic root technique. The analysis is carried out at a fixed speed of 3200 rpm and a load percentage of 20%, 40%, and 80%. The results obtained show that the comparison of the acoustic signals of two different time periods allows to quickly and easily evaluate changes in the engine conditions. The sensitivity of acoustic emissions makes it possible to identify different engine load conditions. The study of the acoustic signal in different engine locations allowed to identify the injection system as one of the main areas prone to fail or changes in its operating condition. Additionally, the analysis method based on the acoustic signal RMS allowed to clearly identify faults in the injection system. The above could be done by comparing signals and analyzing the variability of the signal. Therefore, the ability of acoustic emissions to perform a rapid and low-cost diagnosis is demonstrated, without requiring relevant physical modifications to the engine.
Mathematical model of the aquatic phase in the population growth dynamics of Aedes Aegypti contaminated with Wolbachia
Authors: Ibargüen-Mondragón Eduardo , Marcela-Montoya Jessica , Vergel-Ortega Mawency
Published: April 2021

Dengue is an infectious disease of global public health significance and is a leading cause of death. A study focusing on the aquatic phase (egg, larva and pupa) of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, with and without Wolbachia, is being conducted. A mathematical model is formulated, the results suggest that the intrinsic ovoposition rate is the parameter that most affects the non-trivial equilibrium solution. As a conclusion, it is suggested that, under certain conditions, the reproduction of Wolbachia-contaminated mosquitoes in the aquatic phase is small compared to the reproduction of wild mosquitoes, which could affect the success of the control strategy.
Study of the influence of material properties in the energy conversion process of thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery applications
Authors: Medina-Delgado Byron , Valencia-Ochoa Guillermo , Duarte-Forero Jorge
Published: April 2021

The present study analyzed the effect of material properties in the energy conversion process of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs). For the development of the study, two materials whose properties vary with respect to temperature (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Cu11NiSb4S13) and a material with constant properties (Bi2Te3) were analyzed. Through numerical simulation processes, each material was subjected to different temperature differences to monitor the effect on the electrical output power, heat flux, and energy conversion efficiency. The results showed that neglecting the temperature dependence produces higher or lower performance estimations depending on the temperature levels experienced by the TEG.  Overall, the material Bi2Te3 displayed 35% more electrical power output and conversion efficiency compared to the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 material. Therefore, considering the variability of thermoelectric materials demonstrated to be essential to obtain realistic process performance. Also, the heat flux produced by the Fourier effect presents the most significant impact on the electrical power generation of the TEG. Among materials with variable properties, the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 increases the conversion efficiency up to 25% compared to the Cu11NiSb4S13. In conclusion, the study of material properties using numerical simulations emerged as a robust and practical tool to evaluate TEG performance.
Situación económica de los hogares en la comuna 10 ciudad de Cúcuta, por pandemia Covid 19
Authors: Vega-Gelvez Kimberly Smith , Cordero- Díaz Marling Carolina
Published: April 2021

La situación actual del mundo entero es crítica debido a la pandemia del covid19 que se está enfrentando ya que representa una amenaza en el ámbito económico, laboral y social, donde se ha visto afectada la producción y consumo en  el mundo empresarial que ha provocado la quiebra de pequeñas y medianas empresas. Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar los efectos del Covid-19 en la situación económica de los hogares de la comuna 10 de la ciudad de Cúcuta.  La metodología es descriptiva, cuantitativa, se aplicó como instrumento una encuesta a  40 familias la comuna objeto de estudio. Los principales resultados de la investigación reflejan que la pandemia por Covid 19 afectó la economía de los hogares de la comuna está constituidos por núcleos grandes que sostienen gracias a la economía informal, actividades que se han visto limitadas por la medidas de aislamiento y cuarentena que sumado al aumento del desempleo ha imposibilitado el sostenimiento familiar. Las medidas gubernamentales han mitigado muy poco en la ciudad la situación de los hogares y no ha sido efectiva para contrarrestar la crisis que enfrenta cada una de ellos.
Gestión de intangibles en la industria informal de la moda en el subsector confecciones de Cúcuta
Authors: Camacho-Castillo Adriana Marcela , Torres-Mendoza Davinson Mauricio , Barrientos-Monsalve Ender José
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación de la informalidad sectorial de micro y pequeñas empresas de confecciones en la ciudad de Cúcuta con la capacidad de generar activos intangibles a través de la gestión de capital intelectual y su incidencia en la competitividad y en la creación de valor. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo a través de una revisión bibliográfica para sintetizar los conceptos clave que permiten la definición teórica de los activos intangibles y el capital intelectual desde diferentes enfoques disciplinares, se seleccionaron los factores determinantes para la gestión de activos intangibles y capital intelectual aplicables a la industria de la moda para desarrollar una entrevista a representantes sectoriales en la actividad gremial y de producción con respecto a sus percepciones formación y conocimientos académicos y/o empíricos en la generación y valoración de intangibles que les permitieran usarlos como herramientas para mejorar su competitividad, crear valor agregado y desarrollar ventajas competitivas a largo plazo. El resultado inicial denota parámetros básicos para la identificación de los factores de la gestión de activos intangibles en las micro y pequeñas empresas de las confecciones, su descripción cualitativa y definición conceptual para posteriormente ser analizados. Se concluye que hay una relación inversamente proporcional entre el nivel de conocimiento y uso del capital intelectual con la informalidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas de confecciones en Cúcuta, lo cual convierte en una necesidad-para la sostenibilidad y crecimiento del sector- la planeación de estrategias, sea desde las entidades, los gremios y/o la dirección de la organización, la  identificación, comprensión, asimilación y aplicación sistemática en la actividad empresarial de la gestión de los activos intangibles y capital intelectual como herramienta de competitividad en la era de la información y el conocimiento.
Ventajas de la facturación electrónica en empresas de Cúcuta-Norte de Santander
Authors: Carrascal-Velásquez Blanca Liliana , Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Sayado-Velasquez Lilian Natalia , Sayago-Velasquez Jeimy Estefanny
Published: April 2021

En la actualidad el implementar la factura electrónica es de vital importancia, debido a que permite que el gobierno desarrolle una imposición fiscal y tributaria a través de esta medida; sin embargo en varios países de Latinoamérica, incluido Colombia estas responsabilidades de evasión han ido aumentando, es por ello que el presente artículo tiene como propósito identificar las ventajas y la importancia que representa la implementación de la facturación electrónica en las empresas de Cúcuta, así como establecer cada uno de los beneficios tanto económicos, tributarios y operativos que podrían obtener las empresas a la hora de establecer el sistema de facturación electrónica. Para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión biografía. Se tomaron trabajos de revistas y repositorios universitarios. Una vez revisada la biografiaría, se pudo analizar que más del 50% de la población de Cúcuta no cuenta con el conocimiento adecuado sobre la facturación electrónica, manifestando que las entidades encargadas como la DIAN no prestan el acompañamiento adecuado o manifestando la falta de recursos para contar con la herramienta digital. A pesar de los problemas presentados por la comunidad empresarial de la ciudad, se puede evidenciar que los beneficios que trae consigo la factura digital son más, puesto que permite llevar en tiempo real el comportamiento de la empresa, dar un manejo de la información de forma segura y confiable y llevar a cabo todos los procedimientos administrativos en menos tiempo, que con el uso de la factura física. Este hecho también reduce los costos de operación y personal, haciendo que la facturación electrónica se vea como una solución y una oportunidad de que la empresa pueda lograr posicionarse de manera nacional e internacional y de esta manera ofrecer una experiencia de calidad a los clientes.
Impacto económico en los agricultores por la falta de una plaza de mercado en el municipio de Abrego, Norte de Santander
Authors: Velásquez Carrascal Blanca Liliana , Verjel Álvarez Melisa Daniela , Bayona-Vergel Valentina , Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Sayago-Velásquez Jeimmy Estefany
Published: April 2021

Abrego, es un municipio donde la base de la economía gira en torno a la actividad agrícola; la mayor parte de su población es campesina, lo cual depende de ello para poder abastecer sus necesidades y tener una estabilidad económica, teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se realizó esta investigación con el objetivo de determinar el impacto económico que genera en los agricultores del municipio de Abrego la falta de una plaza de mercado en la actualidad, para cumplir con este objetivo se realizó una investigación basada mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, llevando a cabo también una investigación de tipo descriptiva, así mismo los métodos utilizados para la recolección de datos fue la aplicación de una encuesta cerrada, la cual se tabuló de forma cuantitativa, y una entrevista realizada a un exalcalde del municipio que ejerció dicha  función pública por dos periodos, basados en el método cualitativo. Se pudo llegar a la conclusión de que efectivamente la ausencia de la plaza de mercado en el municipio si genera desventajas a los agricultores y afecta a su economía. Otro aspecto importante que se logró evidenciar es que tanto los agricultores como todo el municipio se verían favorecidos si existiera una plaza de mercado, pues esto ayudaría de forma significativa a la economía, el comercio, el turismo y la cultura del municipio.
Impacto del covid-19 en el sector turismo en Colombia
Authors: Contreras Ronald Edwin , Serrano-Villamizar Lisset Katherine , Nava Sarmiento Enmanuel Omar
Published: April 2021

La epidemia mundial de coronavirus ocasionará efectos importantes en la economía global durante los primeros trimestres de 2020, lo cual ha hecho que impacte negativamente la economía global, el COVID-19 no es solo una emergencia para la salud pública, sino que también implica un choque económico tanto de oferta como de demanda, por ello se ve la necesidad de determinar el impacto del COVID-19 en el sector turismo en Colombia. La investigación se desarrolló por medio de una revisión bibliográfica en la cual, críticamente, se analizaron los datos relacionados con el fenómeno de interés después de realizar una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos. En Colombia si la pandemia se controla en uno o dos meses se prevé que la economía colombiana crecerá un 2,3%, en un término a medio plazo (4 meses) se prevé que la economía crecerá 1,2% sin embargo en el peor de los panoramas si se resuelve a un plazo mayor a 6 meses se prevé que el crecimiento será un 0,4% y a la baja; el gobierno nacional ha tomado medidas mediante decretos para poder proteger sus  sectores financieros y que el PIB no se tan devastador para la economía del país entre ellas están los decretos 462, 397, 557 y 417; las alianzas entre secretarias departamentales y municipales podrían generar propuestas innovadores para que la crisis en el sector turismo se reactive de manera positiva para todos. Esta pandemia ha dejado a casi todas las ramas de actividad de la nación perjudicadas, especialmente al sector turismo, en donde se ha visto una disminución contundente en el PIB de la nación incluso algunos negativos.
La producción agrícola de los campesinos de Toledo
Authors: Borja-Villalba Yuleisi Pilar , Urbina-Pulido Betsabec , Hernández-Fuentes Sharyn  Nataly
Published: April 2021

La población rural en Colombia está conformada por campesinos, en su gran mayoría considerados pobres, debido a la falta de recursos percibidos y a los ingresos generados por las ayudas del gobierno nacional. La población rural de Toledo Norte de Santander, en el 2015 se vio seriamente afectada por los niveles altos de pobreza a causa del desplazamiento y la falta de oportunidades para poder trabajar y cultivar sus tierras.  El propósito de la presente investigación fue Identificar las falencias que tienen los campesinos de Toledo N. de S. en su proceso de producción en donde se utilizó como metodología enfoque cuantitativo explicativo por que muestra una descripción como información crucial a una  solución posible a la problemática existente en la formación académica de los campesinos arrojados por las encuestas realizadas a los agricultores de Toledo Norte de Santander. Tuvo como resultados información necesaria y suficiente que permite llegar a conocer más fondo la problemática que hay en la falta de educación hacia los campesinos de Toledo Norte de Santander teniendo en cuenta las falencias que hay en la falta de compromiso de parte del gobierno  nacional que no tiene presente las necesidades de los ciudadanos y campesinos.
El contrabando de insumos de confección de origen chino y su incidencia en la producción textil en la ciudad de Cúcuta
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez María Victoria , Barrientos-Monsalve Ender José
Published: April 2021

El propósito de la investigación fue analizar el contrabando de insumos  de confección de origen chino y la incidencia en la producción textil  en la ciudad de Cúcuta, De esta manera bajo este escenario Colombia ha sido afectada por este comercio internacional de productos chinos, aparte que por medio del contrabando logran pasar mercancía sin declarar afectando la economía del productor local en la parte textil. La investigación tuvo como objetivo general Analizar la situación del contrabando textil en la ciudad de Cúcuta norte de Santander, y para poder dar respuesta a este objetivo se planteó una investigación con un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño de investigación de tipo documental descriptivo en donde se analizaron diferentes tipos de documentación sobre el área de estudio para poder establecer el análisis sobre el contexto en estudio, teniendo como resultado las diferentes consecuencias que trae el contrabando del comercio textil para la ciudad de Cúcuta.
Economía del conocimiento para el marketing con base en el sexo con base a estrategias de ventas
Authors: Duarte Rey Diego Mauricio
Published: April 2021

El propósito de la revisión fue analizar la sexualidad como  uno de los instintos primarios del ser humano usados en el marketing. El hecho de reproducirse implica conseguir una pareja con el fin de querer perseverar la esencia y características propias de una generación junto a ella, para posteriormente conseguir que esa nueva generación evolucione a una mejor. El método utilizado fue el documental y descriptivo ya que se realizaron una serie de revisiones bibliográficas sobre el tema para analizar y describir los diferentes escenarios que en el transcurso del tiempo se han utilizado en este contexto. Teniendo como resultado que la sexualidad puede generar un gran rendimiento comercial en las industrias, pero si las industrias lo utilizan en exceso es muy probable que ese rendimiento positivo decrezca rápidamente convirtiéndose en un dolor de cabeza para algunos sectores sin embargo la importancia para las compañías es fundamental y es por eso que se sigue trabajando en esta línea estratégica.
Bizarre Behaviors in Delusional Infertile Women and Family Shared Psychosis; a Rare Case Report
Authors: Bidaki Reza , Motamed Mahsa , Borujeni Sina Taherzadeh , Bozorg Mina , Nouraddini Leila , Bozorg Bonnie
Published: April 2021

False pregnancy”can be described as a false belief of being pregnant
despite factual evidence to the contrary.A 33-year-old woman, was
referred to the hospital. believing that she was pregnant Contrary to
the patient’s reports, which show no child.The importance of research is
to show how the patient’s delusions affects he
Selection of a reference gene for studies of adipose tissues of toothed whales
Authors: Senevirathna Jayan , Yonezawa Ryo , Saka Taiki , Igarashi Yoji , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Funasaka Noriko , Asakawa Shuichi
Published: April 2021

Fat metabolism in toothed whales is different from other mammals.
RT-qPCR is still a reliable technique for studying the relative
expressions of various genes involved in metabolism. This study was done
for Risso’s dolphin, a toothed whale and information produced here will
be important for further transcriptomics studies focused on unrevealed
marine mammal fat metabolism. In this study, we sought to identify a
suitable reference gene with minimum resources. Seven candidate
reference genes ZC3H10, FTL, LGALS1, RPL27A, GAPDH, FTH1 and DCN were
initially tested for amplification efficiency using RT-qPCR by producing
standard curves. Then, three nearly 100% efficient genes FTL, LGALS1
and GAPDH were selected for the gene stability analysis to determine one
stable gene across eight different fat tissues, liver, and muscle of
Risso’s dolphins based on four algorithms, provided in geNorm,
NormFinder, BestKeeper and Delta Ct. Finally, a RefFinder comprehensive
ranking was done based on stability values and the genes were ranked as:
FTL>LGALS1>GAPDH. The FTL and LGHLS were
identified as the most stable genes; however, GAPDH was third, a
well-known housekeeping gene for mammals. Finally, we suggest using FTL
as a reliable reference gene for functional genomics studies on toothed
whales in the future.
Establishing the prevalence of common, clinically relevant tissue-specific autoantibodies following SARS CoV-2 infection
Authors: Richter A. G. , Shields Adrian , Karim Abid , Birch David , Faustini Sian , Steadman Lora , Ward Kerensa , Plant Tim , Reynolds Gary , Veenith Tonny , Cunningham A , Drayson M , Wraith David
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has been associated with both transient and persistent systemic
symptoms that do not appear to be a direct consequence of viral
infection. The generation of autoantibodies has been proposed as a
mechanism to explain these symptoms. To understand this phenomenon in
more detail, we investigated the frequency and specificity of clinically
relevant autoantibodies in 84 individuals previously infected with
SARS-CoV-2, suffering from COVID-19 of varying severity in both the
acute and convalescent setting. These were compared with results from 32
individuals who were on ITU for non COVID reasons. We demonstrate a
higher frequency of autoantibodies in the COVID-19 ITU group compared
with non-COVID-19 ITU disease control patients and that autoantibodies
were also found in the serum 3-5 months post COVID-19 infection.
Non-COVID patients displayed a diverse pattern of autoantibodies; in
contrast, the COVID-19 groups had a more restricted panel of
autoantibodies including skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac antibodies.
Our results demonstrate that severe COVID-19 induces a pattern of
autoantibodies that may correlate with and contribute to the immune
pathology associated with the long-term sequelae of infection.
NF-κB inhibitor suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis in mice via declining macrophages polarization to M1 type
Authors: Shen Donghui , Chu Fengna , Lang Yue , Zheng Chao , Li Chunrong , Zheng Xiangyu , Zhu Jie
Published: April 2021

Guillain–Barre’ syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory and
immune-mediated demyelinating disease of peripheral nervous system
(PNS). Macrophages playing a central role in its animal model,
experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) has been well-accepted.
Additionally, NF-κB inhibitors has been used to treat cancers and showed
beneficial effects. Here we investigated the therapeutic effect of M2
macrophage and NF-κB pathway is correlated with macrophages activation
in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in C57BL/6 mice. We
demonstrated that M2 macrophage transfusion can alleviate the clinical
symptoms of EAN by reducing the proportion of M1 macrophage in the peak
period, inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. The NF-κB inhibitor
(BAY-11-7082) could alleviate the clinical symptoms of EAN and shorten
the duration of symptoms by reducing the proportion of M1 macrophages
and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Consequently,
BAY-11-7082 exhibits strong potential as a therapeutic strategy for
ameliorating EAN by influencing the balance of M1/M2 macrophages and
inflammatory cytokines.
Genetic architecture and heritability of early-life telomere length in a wild passerine
Authors: Pepke Michael , Kvalnes Thomas , Lundregan Sarah , Boner Winnie , Monaghan Pat , Sæther Bernt-Erik , Jensen Henrik , Ringsby Thor Harald
Published: April 2021

Early-life telomere length (TL) is associated with fitness in a range of
organisms. Little is known about the genetic basis of variation in TL in
wild animal populations, but to understand the evolutionary and
ecological significance of TL it is important to quantify the relative
importance of genetic and environmental variation in TL. In this study,
we measured TL in 2746 house sparrow nestlings sampled across 20 years
and used an animal model to show that there is a small heritable
component of early-life TL (h2=0.04), but with a strong component of
maternal inheritance. Variation in TL among individuals was mainly
driven by environmental (year) variance, but also brood and parental
effects. We did not find evidence for a negative genetic correlation
underlying the observed negative phenotypic correlation between TL and
structural body size. Thus, TL may evolve independently of body size and
the negative phenotypic correlation is likely to be caused by
non-genetic environmental effects. We further used genome‐wide
association analysis to identify genomic regions associated with TL
variation. We identified several putative genes underlying TL variation;
these have been inferred to be involved in oxidative stress, cellular
growth, skeletal development, cell differentiation and tumorigenesis in
other species. Together, our results show that TL is a lowly heritable,
polygenic trait which is strongly affected by environmental conditions
in a free-living bird.
Outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) for treatment of the upper urinary tract calculi: a single center experience
Authors: Tao Wei , Xu Ming , Zang Yachen , Zhu Jin , Xue Boxin , Sun Chuanyang
Published: April 2021

purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy
and laser lithotripsy(FURSL) for treatment of the upper urinary tract
calculi. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 784 patients who underwent
FURSL between January 2015 to October 2020 in our unit. The operative
parameters, postoperative functional outcomes and complications were
recorded respectively. Rusults: All patients underwent successful
operation. The mean operative time was 46.9±15.8min. The average
postoperative hospital stay was 1.2±1.1 days. The postoperative serum
creatinine and hemoglobin were 76.2±10.2umol/L and 133.6±5.1g/L, which
compared to preoperative, there were no sigificant statistical
difference. Among 784 patients, 746 patients were followed up and 38
patients were lost. 700(93.8%) cases met the stone removal critetia and
46 cases(6.2%) did not meet the stone removal criteria for other
treatments, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy
and observed regularly. The stone free rate(SFR) is 92.5% after 1-3
months and SFR of middle and upper calyceal calculi was higher than that
of lower calyceal calculi significantly. The most common complications
were fever(58/784,7.4%),gross hematuria(540/784,68.88%) and
lpsilateral low back pain(47/784,5.99). The incidence rate of serious
complication was 1.28%(10/784), including 5 cases of septic shock and 5
cases of subcapsular hematoma, which were cured after active treatment.
Conclusion: FURSL is a reliable treatment for small and medium calculi
patients of upper urinary tract. The curative effect of stone removal is
clear,the complications are few and the safety is high. However there
are certain limitation to the efficacy in the treatment of large stone
and lower calyceal calculi.
Optimum of interlayers in reconstructed soil with Yellow River sediment for restoring subsided coal mined land to farmland
Authors: Hu Zhenqi , Wang Xiaotong , McSweeney Kevin , Li Yong
Published: April 2021

Underground coal mining causes land subsidence, a large area of
cultivated land is destroyed. The Yellow River interlayer filling
reclamation technology is the powerful way to restore cultivated land.
Understanding the mechanism of action of interlayers in reconstructed
soil filled with Yellow River sediments is essential to achieving
sustainable land management in the Yellow River regions. Column
experiments and Field experiments were conducted to optimum of
interlayers in reconstructed soil with Yellow River sediment for
restoring subsided coal mined land. Our findings show that the inclusion
of interlayers in the sediment reduced water leakage and moisture
evaporation, and improved the water-holding capacity of the material in
comparison to conventional reconstructed soil profile (Ck2). When the 30
cm thickness of interlayer, putting 2 interlayers in sediment (T6) was
the optimal profile with the highest water-holding capacity. In
comparison to CK2, the migration rate of wet front decreases by 32.16%,
the cumulative evaporation decreases by 16.29%, the volumetric water
content of filling layer (θ_fl) increases by 121.56%, and the
water-holding coefficient (CWR) increases by 59.47%. It is also proved
by field experiments. The wheat and maize yields of T6 improved 51.84%
and 54.80%, respectively, as compared with CK2, that closer to
undisturbed farmland (CK1). This study provides a valuable framework for
subsided land reclamation regarding the method of placing interlayers
into Yellow River sediment for enhancing water retention and
productivity.
DEM Simulation of Binary Blend Mixing of Cohesive Particles in a High Intensity Vibration System
Authors: Zheng Kai , Kunnath Kuriakose , Dave Rajesh
Published: April 2021

The effects of processing intensity, time and particle surface energy on
mixing of binary cohesive blends (size ratio 1:2, fine concentration at
10 %) in high intensity vibration system were investigated via DEM
simulations. Results show that both increasing processing intensity from
50 to 100 Gs and reducing surface energy from 50 to 0.5 J/m2 lead to a
faster mixing rate. Mixing Bond number (〖Bo〗_m) was introduced to
capture the effective mixing rate, Rm; higher 〖Bo〗_m corresponding to
lower mixing rate. The coefficient of variation, Cv, formed the basis
for the mixing quality and Rm, while the mixing action is quantified by
the product of Rm and mixing time (Pr,t). Simulation results show that
Cv values drop initially, and then rise with Pr,t. Hence, low Pr,t
indicates inadequate mixing intensity, while high Pr,t most likely
indicates mixture segregation, and therefore too high or too low Pr,t
values should be avoided.
Artificial Neural Network for Data Assimilation by WRF Model in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Vinícius Albuquerque de Almeida Albuquerque de , França Gutemberg Borges , Fraga Campos Velho Haroldo , Ebecken Nelson F. Favilla
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the use of neural networks for data assimilation of local data in the WRF model in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Surface and upper-air data (air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and direction) from airport stations and 6-hour forecast from WRF are used as input for the model and the 3D-Var analysis for each grid point is used as target variable. Periods of 168h from 2014 and 2015 are used with 6h and 12h assimilation cycles for surface and upper-air data, respectively. The neural network model was built using the Multi-Particle Collision Algorithm (MPCA) where different topologies are tested until the optimum solution is found. Results show that the neural network is able to emulate the 3D-Var with root mean squared error (standard deviation), respectively, of 0.31 K (0.37 K), 3.10% (4.04%), 0.63 ms-1 (1.05 ms-1), 1.10 ms-1 (1.56 ms-1) for air temperature, relative humidity, u-component of the wind and v-component of the wind. Also, the results show the neural network method is able to run 71 times faster than the conventional method under similar hardware configurations. Redes Neurais Artificiais para Assimilação de Dados no Modelo WRF no Rio de Janeiro, BrazilRESUMOEste estudo investiga o uso de redes neurais para assimilação de dados locais no modelo WRF no Rio de Janeiro. Dados de superfície e do ar superior (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e velocidade e direção do vento) das estações do aeroporto e previsão de 6 horas do WRF são usados como entrada para o modelo, e a análise 3D-Var para cada ponto da grade é usada como variável destino. Períodos de 168h de 2014 e 2015 são utilizados com ciclos de assimilação de 6h e 12h para dados de superfície e do ar superior, respectivamente. O modelo de rede neural foi construído usando o algoritmo de colisão de partículas múltiplas (MPCA), onde diferentes topologias são testadas até que a solução ideal seja encontrada. Os resultados mostram que a rede neural é capaz de emular o 3D-Var com raiz do erro quadrático médio (desvio padrão) de 0,31 K (0,37 K), 3,10% (4,04%), 0,63 ms -1 (1,05 ms -1), 1,10 ms -1 (1,56 ms -1) para temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, componente u do vento e componente v do vento. Além disso, os resultados mostram que o método de rede neural é capaz de rodar 71 vezes mais rápido que o método convencional em configurações de hardware semelhantes.
Extending the usage of graphics processing units on the cloud for cost savings on seismic data regularization
Authors: Okita Nicholas Torres , Coimbra Tiago A. , Ribeiro José , Tygel Martin
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT. The usage of graphics processing units is already known as an alternative to traditional multi-core CPU processing, offering faster performance in the order of dozens of times in parallel tasks. Another new computing paradigm is cloud computing usage as a replacement to traditional in-house clusters, enabling seemingly unlimited computation power, no maintenance costs, and cutting-edge technology, dynamically on user demand. Previously those two tools were used to accelerate the estimation of Common Reflection Surface (CRS) traveltime parameters, both in zero-offset and finite-offset domain, delivering very satisfactory results with large time savings from GPU devices alongside cost savings on the cloud. This work extends those results by using GPUs on the cloud to accelerate the Offset Continuation Trajectory (OCT) traveltime parameter estimation. The results have shown that the time and cost savings from GPU devices’ usage are even larger than those seen in the CRS results, being up to fifty times faster and sixty times cheaper. This analysis reaffirms that it is possible to save both time and money when using GPU devices on the cloud and concludes that the larger the data sets are and the more computationally intensive the traveltime operators are, we can see larger improvements.Keywords: cloud computing, GPU, seismic processing. Estendendo o uso de placas gráficas na nuvem para economias em regularização de dados sísmicosRESUMO. O uso de aceleradores gráficos para processamento já é uma alternativa conhecida ao uso de CPUs multi-cores, oferecendo um desempenho na ordem de dezenas de vezes mais rápido em tarefas paralelas. Outro novo paradigma de computação é o uso da nuvem computacional como substituta para os tradicionais clusters internos, possibilitando o uso de um poder computacional aparentemente infinito sem custo de manutenção e com tecnologia de ponta, dinamicamente sob demanda de usuário. Anteriormente essas duas ferramentas foram utilizadas para acelerar a estimação de parâmetros do tempo de trânsito de Common Reflection Surface (CRS), tanto em zero-offset quanto em offsets finitos, obtendo resultados satisfatórios com amplas economias tanto de tempo quanto de dinheiro na nuvem. Este trabalho estende os resultados obtidos anteriormente, desta vez utilizando GPUs na nuvem para acelerar a estimação de parâmetros do tempo de trânsito em Offset Continuation Trajectory (OCT). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as economias de tempo e dinheiro foram ainda maiores do que aquelas obtidas no CRS, sendo até cinquenta vezes mais rápido e sessenta vezes mais barato. Esta análise reafirma que é possível economizar tanto tempo quanto dinheiro usando GPUs na nuvem, e conclui que quanto maior for o dado e quanto mais computacionalmente intenso for o operador, maiores serão os ganhos de desempenho observados e economias.Palavras-chave: computação em nuvem, GPU, processamento sísmico.
The toxic metal stress in two mosses of different growth forms under axenic and controlled conditions
Authors: Stankovic Jelena , Jankovic Sladjana , Lang Ingeborg , Vujicic Milorad , Sabovljevic Marko , Sabovljevic Aneta
Published: April 2021

Bryophytes are widely used in monitoring environmental changes and various
types of pollution. Features such as longevity and direct intake by the
whole body make them very good models for bioindication. However, there is a
considerable lack of knowledge on the coping, resistance and tolerance
mechanisms to toxic elements within representatives of this second largest
group of terrestrial plants. We tested two different growth form mosses,
acrocarpous Atrichum undulatum and pleurocarpous Hypnum cupressiforme in
axenic in vitro fully controlled laboratory conditions, thus eliminating
additional side, antagonistic or synergistic effects. These mosses were
exposed to three concentrations (including control) of zinc-, copper- or
cadmium-acetate for a short and long period, and their growth, development
and biochemical parameters were recorded. The results showed that reactions
to stress are both species and metal-specific. Also, the short and long-term
exposure times and the level of toxic elements played a role in species
response and showed the differences between the two moss growth forms and
species. Among the investigated parameters considered in the two mosses
tested, the multiplication index proved to be the most useful and sensitive
in detecting the metal pollution effects. On the other hand, the
concentration of chl a seemed to vary over a rather small range between the
stressed moss species. Overall, copper was shown to be quite toxic compared
to the other two metals at lower applied concentration. However, the studied
mosses demonstrated decreased viability according to all of the parameters
tested in the media enriched with high concentrations of cadmium when
compared with copper and zinc. These results suggest that species studies
related to different metals/pollutants in small scale controlled conditions
are urgently needed before application in broad areas monitored by mosses.
Closed Hollow Bulb Obturator: Laboratory Procedures
Authors: El Assraoui Khadija , Mrhar Kanza , Zeroual Rajae , Kaoun Khadija , Bellemkhannate Samira
Published: April 2021

Patients with maxillectomy face problems with speech, swallowing, chewing and appearance. These defects are prosthetically rehabilitated with obturators that prevent oronasal communication, restoring function and social reintegration.

An obturator must be light-weight, tight, easy to make and low cost. This article describes a simplified technique for fabrication of an acrylic hollow bulb obturator in two pieces using single flask. The prosthesis is made entirely of heat cure acrylic resin. The two parts of the obturator are sealed with the self-curing resin.
Sobre sistemas de control en red bajo incertidumbres de tiempo, medición y proceso
Authors: Rosero Chandi Carlos Xavier , Vaca Orellana Cristina Fernanda , Iglesias Navarro Iván , Tobar Subía Contento Luz María , Gavilanez Villalobos Milton Alejandro
Published: April 2021

El rendimiento de los lazos de control cerrados a través de redes de comunicación puede deteriorarse debido a retardos variables de tiempo provocados por congestión y latencia en la red, y por procesamiento de los algoritmos de control, efecto conocido en muestreo periódico como jitter. Para remover este efecto perjudicial sobre la estabilidad/rendimiento, el método de sincronización en instantes de actuación usa un observador que estima el valor de los estados en el instante de actuación, conociendo las medidas de estos en el instante de muestreo, lo que conlleva a actuaciones estrictamente periódicas. Sin embargo, su aplicación exitosa requiere de muestras libres de ruido y procesos sin perturbación, cuestiones no alcanzables en la realidad. En este artículo se extiende el modelo mencionado al caso de condiciones no ideales de funcionamiento. En particular, se incorpora un filtro de Kalman en el modelo de actuación sincronizada, considerando que las mediciones disponibles de los estados no son periódicas. Esto plantea el problema de adaptar el filtro estándar de Kalman de tiempo discreto al caso en estudio, y decidir cuándo aplicar las fases de predicción y corrección. El beneficio inmediato es que las actuaciones sincronizadas eliminan los efectos nocivos de la incertidumbre en el tiempo y el filtro de Kalman mejora el rendimiento ante condiciones de incertidumbre en las mediciones y en el proceso.
Studi kinerja pemeliharaan taman di Hotel Melia Bali
Authors: Putra Nengah Satria Prabawa , Kohdrata Naniek , Gunadi I Gusti Alit
Published: April 2021

Melia Bali Hotel is one of the luxury hotels under Melia Hotel International Corporation. This hotel becomes one of the favorite destinations for tourists during their stay in Bali. This hotel is also often used as a venue for international events. The Melia Bali Hotel concerns on its garden because it is the highest value of the hotel itself. Therefore, the company ought to preserve the garden to embellish and keep the convenience of the hotel environment. This study aims to examine the garden maintenance performance in Melia Bali Hotel. The method used in this current study is a survey method. Data were collected from questionnaire, interview, observation, and literature. Interview was done with several key persons of the garden. Meanwhile, the questionnaire was delivered to twenty garden employees. According to the result of the study, the Melia Bali uses outsourcing garden maintenance crews. The garden crews working performance in maintaining the Melia Hotel garden shows above technical standard performance uses in this study. The maintenance activities are sweeping, watering, and trimming.
Perancangan taman edukasi di Sekolah Harapan Bunda Jimbaran
Authors: Afaraby Ferry Zulkifli Febrian , Yusiana Lury Sevita , Utami Ni Wayan Febriana
Published: April 2021

School is a place for students to learn and build their character. Meanwhile, environmental damage caused by human activities is increasing, so that environmental awareness on school need to be developed by providing educative facilities in the form of school open space. This created to fullfill comfortable school environments while providing educative facilities and build environmental awareness of students with the adiwiyata concept which is a school program aims to encourage schools to adopt behaviors that are respectful towards the environment. This research was conducted at Harapan Bunda School (HBS), Jimbaran, Bali which has a large open space area but has not been optimized. Several facilities have been damaged due to dysfunction. The study aims to design a gardenbased learning area to optimize the potential of the outdoor space and solve the problem in the HBS. Method used in this research was field survey by implementing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, questionnaire and literature studies. The results showed that the SHB area was designed by dividing the area into three main area i.e. activity areas, functional areas and areas of space requirements. Areas of activity include active and passive areas. Whereas, functional areas include reception areas, connecting areas and main areas. According to space requirements, the area were divided into built areas, open space and green open space equipped with pergola facilities and some benchs to support passive activities and playing fields to support active activities. Hydroponic areas and vertical gardens are also provided support green open spaces.