bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on seismic performance of corroded steel columns in offshore atmospheric environment
Authors: Zheng Shansuo , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao Xuran
Published: December 2018

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of corroded steel columns in offshore atmospheric environment. Indoor artificial‐climate accelerated tests on six steel columns and 48 tensile coupons were implemented first. And then the tensile tests were performed to obtain the functional relationships between mechanical properties and mass loss rate for Q235B steel subjected to corrosion. Low‐cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on six steel columns with different corrosion levels. The influence of corrosion level and axial compression ratio on the failure modes, hysteretic behavior, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, the moment–curvature relationships of the plastic hinge region, and equivalent plastic hinge length of the samples were analyzed and discussed. The test results indicate that within a certain range, an increase in corrosion level or axial compression ratio tends to decrease the bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of steel columns. The axial compression ratio plays an important role in determining the plastic hinge length of steel columns, but the corrosion level has no regular influence on the plastic hinge length. Furthermore, a finite element mode was established. The finite element predictions are in good agreement with the corresponding test results.
Added value of chromosomal microarray analysis over conventional karyotyping in stillbirth work‐up: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martinez‐Portilla R. J. , Pauta M. , Hawkins‐Villarreal A. , Rial‐Crestelo M. , Paz y Miño F. , Madrigal I. , Figueras F. , Borrell A.
Published: December 2018

Objective

To assess the added value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) over conventional karyotyping to assess the genetic causes in stillbirth.

Methods

To identify relevant studies, published in English or Spanish and without publication time restrictions, we performed a systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science databases, The Cochrane Library and the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews, for case series of fetal loss ≥ 20 weeks of gestation, with normal or suspected normal karyotype, undergoing CMA and with at least five subjects analyzed. To investigate quality, two reviewers evaluated independently the risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. For the meta‐analysis, the incremental yield of CMA over karyotyping was assessed by single‐proportion analysis using a random‐effects model (weighting by inverse variance). We assessed heterogeneity between studies and performed a sensitivity analysis and a subgroup analysis of structurally abnormal (malformed or growth‐restricted) and normal fetuses.

Results

Included in the meta‐analysis were seven studies involving 903 stillborn fetuses which had normal karyotype. The test success rate achieved by conventional cytogenetic analysis was 75%, while that for CMA was 90%. The incremental yield of CMA over conventional karyotyping based on the random‐effects model was 4% (95% CI, 3–5%) for pathogenic copy‐number variants (pCNVs) and 8% (95% CI, 4–17%) for variants of unknown significance. Subgroup analysis showed a 6% (95% CI, 4–10%) incremental yield of CMA for pCNVs in structurally abnormal fetuses and 3% (95% CI, 1–5%) incremental yield for those in structurally normal fetuses. The pCNV found most commonly was del22q11.21.

Conclusions

CMA, incorporated into the stillbirth work‐up, improves both the test success rate and the detection of genetic anomalies compared with conventional karyotyping. To achieve a genetic diagnosis in stillbirth is particularly relevant for the purpose of counseling regarding future pregnancies. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tetanus outbreak in a sheep flock due to ear tagging
Authors: Lotfollahzadeh Samad , Heydari Masoumeh , Mohebbi Mohammad Reza , Hashemian Maryam
Published: December 2018

Tetanus is an acute, often fatal, infectious neuromuscular disease in all farmed mammals caused by Clostridium tetani. The disease is sporadic but outbreaks of tetanus have been described, as a result of wound contaminated with spores of C. tetani, which sporulates to the vegetative form and produce toxins. The present study reports an outbreak of tetanus in a sheep flock, shortly after ear tagging. Three sheep from a large flock (with a population of 1000 sheep) were presented with signs of: convulsion, limb stiffness, incoordination and trismus (“lock jaw”). There were wounds and scabs in most livestock where ear tags had been attached 1 week prior. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, dyspnoea with dilated nostrils, mild fever, erected ear pinnae, teeth grinding, mild bloat, muscles rigidity, prolapse of third eyelid and anxiety. According to the history stated by the owner, the case fatality rate of the disease from the beginning was 50% during the outbreak. Necropsy did not reveal any significant finding. Gram‐positive bacilli with terminal spores representing C. tetani were isolated in anaerobic cultures which were taken from ear wounds. Procaine penicillin G was administrated at 20 000 IU/kg BW for 5 days, but antiglobulin was not available to treat affected animals. Mortality significantly declined one day after onset of treatment. In this report, the organism was probably introduced by contaminated instruments which were used for ear tagging of sheep. Wound exudation and adhesion following rubbing, created a favourable anaerobic condition for the spores to germinate with production of neurotoxin. Vaccination can protect animals against tetanus, but it does not preclude the need to apply standard hygienic principles when performing management procedures causing wounds. In pasture holding system, many pathogens are present in environment, so tetanus should be considered important in farm animals, because of its high fatality rate and the long course of convalescence.
Anatomy of b → c τ ν anomalies
Authors: Azatov Aleksandr , Bardhan Debjyoti , Ghosh Diptimoy , Sgarlata Francesco , Venturini Elena
Published: December 2018

Abstract

In recent times, one of the strongest hints of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) has been the anomaly in the ratios R

D
and

$$ {R}_{D^{*}} $$

R

D
*

measured in the charged current decays of B-mesons. In this work, we perform a comprehensive analysis of these decay modes, first in a model independent way and subsequently, in the context of composite Higgs models. We discuss in depth as to how linearly realised SU(2)L × U(1)Y symmetry imposes severe constraint on the various scenarios because of correlations with other ΔF = 1 processes and Z τ τ and Z ν ν couplings. In the composite Higgs paradigm with partial compositeness, we show that, irrespective of the flavour structure of the composite sector, constraints from ΔF = 2 processes bring the compositeness scale down to ∼ 650 GeV which is in tension with electroweak precision observables. In the presence of composite leptoquarks, the situation improves only marginally (a factor of

$$ \sqrt{2} $$

2

in the compositeness scale), thus making the new states soon discoverable by direct searches at the LHC. We also comment on the possible explanation of the

$$ {R}_{K,{K}^{*}} $$

R

K
,

K
*

anomalies within the composite Higgs framework.
Phase transitions in twin Higgs models
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Kamada Kohei , Nakai Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Masahide
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We study twin Higgs models at non-zero temperature and discuss cosmological phase transitions as well as their implications on electroweak baryogenesis and gravitational waves. It is shown that the expectation value of the Higgs field at the critical temperature of the electroweak phase transition is much smaller than the critical temperature, which indicates two important facts: (i) the electroweak phase transition cannot be analyzed perturbatively (ii) the electroweak baryogenesis is hardly realized in the typical realizations of twin Higgs models. We also analyze the phase transition associated with the global symmetry breaking, through which the Standard Model Higgs is identified with one of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons in terms of its linear realization, with and without supersymmetry. For this phase transition, we show that, only in the supersymmetric case, there are still some parameter spaces, in which the perturbative approach is validated and the phase transition is the first order. We find that the stochastic gravitational wave background is generated through this first order phase transition, but it is impossible to be detected by DECIGO or BBO in the linear realization and the decoupling limit. The detection of stochastic gravitational wave background with the feature of first order phase transition, therefore, will give strong constraints on twin Higgs models.
The influence of GAPT extraction on synapse loss of APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice via adjusting Bcl‐2/Bax balance
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhang Xuekai , Ni Jingnian , Wei Mingqing , Li Ting , Zhou Bingling , Liu Xiawei , Zhang Liping , Wang Pengwen , Tian Jinzhou , Wang Yongyan
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The degeneration of memory‐focused synapses play important roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, while it is not well known how β amyloid interferes neuron apoptosis and how a herbal combination GAPT influence synapse loss and neuronal apoptosis pathways of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Methods

Three‐month and six‐month APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were used. Spatial and memory ability were measured by Morris Water Maze, Neuron and synapse number were assessed by electron microscope; Aβ, Bcl‐2/Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Results

APP/PS1 mice not only had increased Aβ accumulation, impaired memory performance, less synapse number, and much more necrosed neurons, but also had significant reduction in the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio. However, GAPT and donepezil showed improved memory performance, less Aβ accumulation, increased neuron and synapse number, as well as restored balance of Bcl‐2/Bax.

Discussion

GAPT may improve cognitive functions via both reducing Aβ deposition and restoring Bcl‐2/Bax balance of neuron.
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SERIOUS GAMES: PLAY AND PRAGMATISM IN VICTORIAN-ERA DINING
Authors: Voss Barbara L.
Published: December 2018

This study expands on Ortner's practice-based theory of “serious games” by interpreting artifacts through a continuum of intention: pragmatism and play. Decisions and actions are defined as pragmatic according to their desired outcome, while play, in contrast, is an attitude or disposition toward the action itself. Both pragmatism and play are examined in this study of dining-related material culture (ceramic tablewares) from a nineteenth-century Chinatown. The research reveals that Chinatown residents varied considerably in their approach to dining, some using the full complement of British- and American-produced earthenwares associated with Victorian-era genteel dining, whereas others primarily used porcelain vessels congruent with dining conventions in southern China. Other households blended the two types of ceramics, typically using Chinese porcelain vessels for individual table settings and British- and American-produced earthenwares for serving vessels. Chinese porcelains were typically purchased in matched sets; in contrast, British and American earthenwares were acquired piece by piece, contributing aesthetic variety to Chinatown table settings. Together, these findings indicate that most Chinatown households were establishing their own “house rules” that redefined dining through new practices. The continuum of intention represented by pragmatism and play affords an integrated methodology for bridging functional/economic and cultural/symbolic interpretive frameworks in archaeology.
An intra-party account of electoral system choice
Authors: Schröder Valentin , Manow Philip
Published: December 2018

We present an intra-party account of electoral reform, contrasting the incentives of legislators (MPs) with those of party leaders. We develop our argument along the switch to proportional representation (PR) in early 20th century Europe. District-level electoral alliances allowed bourgeois MPs to counter the “socialist threat” under the electoral systems in place. PR was thus unnecessary from the seat-maximizing perspective that dominates previous accounts—intra-party considerations were crucial: candidate nomination and legislative cohesion. We show our argument to hold empirically both for the prototypical case of Germany, 1890–1920, using encompassing district-level data on candidatures, elections, electoral alliances, roll call votes and a series of simulations on reform effects; and for the implementation of electoral reforms in 29 countries, 1900–31.
A Deeper Investment for Deep Time Science
Authors: Bierman Paul , Fosdick Julie , Guenthner William , Keen-Zebert Amanda , Koppers Anthony , Schmitz Mark , Schoene Blair
Published: December 2018

Seven proposals recently funded by the National Science Foundation will ensure more access to laboratories that specialize in geochronology.
Remobilization of Old Permafrost Carbon to Chukchi Sea Sediments During the End of the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Martens Jannik , Wild Birgit , Pearce Christof , Tesi Tommaso , Andersson August , Bröder Lisa , O'Regan Matt , Jakobsson Martin , Sköld Martin , Gemery Laura , Cronin Thomas M. , Semiletov Igor , Dudarev Oleg V. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: December 2018

Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF‐C) by thaw‐erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF‐C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF‐C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Δ14C, δ13C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS‐L2‐4‐PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Allerød warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual‐carbon‐isotope‐based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit—ice‐ and carbon‐rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)—was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 ± 8%; mean ± standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 ± 4.6 g·m−2·year−1) as in the late Holocene (3.1 ± 1.0 g·m−2·year−1). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF‐C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF‐C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF‐C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.
High-resolution acoustophoretic 3D cell patterning to construct functional collateral cylindroids for ischemia therapy
Authors: Kang Byungjun , Shin Jisoo , Park Hyun-Ji , Rhyou Chanryeol , Kang Donyoung , Lee Shin-Jeong , Yoon Young-sup , Cho Seung-Woo , Lee Hyungsuk
Published: December 2018

The fabrication of functional tissues is essential for clinical applications such as disease treatment and drug discovery. Recent studies have revealed that the mechanical environments of tissues, determined by geometric cell patterns, material composition, or mechanical properties, play critical roles in ensuring proper tissue function. Here, we propose an acoustophoretic technique using surface acoustic waves to fabricate therapeutic vascular tissue containing a three-dimensional collateral distribution of vessels. Co-aligned human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human adipose stem cells that are arranged in a biodegradable catechol-conjugated hyaluronic acid hydrogel exhibit enhanced cell-cell contacts, gene expression, and secretion of angiogenic and anti-inflammatory paracrine factors. The therapeutic effects of the fabricated vessel constructs are demonstrated in experiments using an ischemia mouse model by exhibiting the remarkable recovery of damaged tissue. Our study can be referenced to fabricate various types of artificial tissues that mimic the original functions as well as structures.
Electrical appliances moderate households’ water demand response to heat
Authors: Salvo Alberto
Published: December 2018

Analysis of potentially interconnected residential water and energy demand is sparse. In a 1-in-10 random sample of Singapore households living in apartments, water use per capita declines over the socioeconomic distribution, whereas electricity use rises. Here I show that in this leading Asian city and tropical climate, water and electricity demand respond differentially to heat across different socioeconomic groups. When temperatures rise, water demand increases among lower-income households but remains unchanged among higher-income households. In sharp contrast, heat induces larger shifts in electricity demand among higher-income households. With air-conditioner penetration ranging from 14 to 99% across different socioeconomic groups, my interpretation is that water provides heat relief for households that have yet to adopt air conditioning. How Singaporeans’ resource demands respond to heat at different income levels can inform the future responses of a vast urban population on rising incomes living in the water-stressed tropics, in similar and warming climates.
Publisher Correction: Silibinin, A Natural Blend In Polytherapy Formulation For Targeting Cd44v6 Expressing Colon Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Patel Shanaya , Waghela Bhargav , Shah Kanisha , Vaidya Foram , Mirza Sheefa , Patel Saumya , Pathak Chandramani , Rawal Rakesh
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: GSK3β and ERK regulate the expression of 78 kDa SG2NA and ectopic modulation of its level affects phases of cell cycle
Authors: Pandey Shweta , Talukdar Indrani , Jain Buddhi P. , Tanti Goutam K. , Goswami Shyamal K.
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Understanding partial saturation in paper microfluidics enables alternative device architectures
Authors: Buser Joshua R. , Byrnes Samantha A. , Anderson Caitlin E. , Howell Arielle J. , Kauffman Peter C. , Bishop Joshua D. , Wheeler Maxwell H. , Kumar Sujatha , Yager Paul
Published: December 2018

A closer look at flow in paper microfluidic devices enables more advanced diagnostic assay automation using the same inexpensive materials.
Perfluoroarene induces a pentapeptidic hydrotrope into a pH-tolerant hydrogel allowing naked eye sensing of Ca2+ ions
Authors: Maiti Bappa , Bhattacharjee Subham , Bhattacharya Santanu
Published: December 2018

Bilayer organization of the 1 : 1 PyP : OFN gel and reinforcement of the native gel after addition of Ca2+ ions.
Function-driven engineering of 1D carbon nanotubes and 0D carbon dots: mechanism, properties and applications
Authors: Xu Quan , Li Weijun , Ding Lan , Yang Wenjing , Xiao Haihua , Ong Wee-Jun
Published: December 2018

Metal-free carbonaceous nanomaterials have witnessed a renaissance of interest due to the surge in the realm of nanotechnology.
Iron-catalyzed reductive cyclization reaction of 1,6-enynes for the synthesis of 3-acylbenzofurans and thiophenes
Authors: Xia Xiao-Feng , He Wei , Zhang Guo-Wei , Wang Dawei
Published: December 2018

A facile synthesis of 3-acylbenzofurans and thiophenesviairon(ii)-catalyzed reductive cyclization of 1,6-enynes has been developed.
Cathodized copper porphyrin metal–organic framework nanosheets for selective formate and acetate production from CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Wu Jian-Xiang , Hou Shu-Zhen , Zhang Xiang-Da , Xu Ming , Yang Hua-Fei , Cao Pei-Sheng , Gu Zhi-Yuan
Published: December 2018

Highly selective and effective formate and acetate production from CO2 electroreduction on cathodized metal–organic framework nanosheets.
Fluorinated synthetic anion carriers: experimental and computational insights into transmembrane chloride transport
Authors: Spooner Michael J. , Li Hongyu , Marques Igor , Costa Pedro M. R. , Wu Xin , Howe Ethan N. W. , Busschaert Nathalie , Moore Stephen J. , Light Mark E. , Sheppard David N. , Félix Vítor , Gale Philip A.
Published: December 2018

A series of fluorinated tripodal tris-thioureas function as highly active anion transporters across lipid bilayers and cell membranes.
Volumetric star formation laws of disc galaxies
Authors: Bacchini Cecilia , Fraternali Filippo , Iorio Giuliano , Pezzulli Gabriele
Published: December 2018

Star formation (SF) laws are fundamental relations between the gas content of a galaxy and its star formation rate (SFR) and play key roles in galaxy evolution models. In this paper, we present new empirical SF laws of disc galaxies based on volume densities. Following the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, we calculated the radial growth of the thickness of the gaseous discs in the combined gravitational potential of dark matter, stars, and gas for 12 nearby star-forming galaxies. This allowed us to convert the observed surface densities of gas and SFR into the deprojected volume densities. We found a tight correlation with slope in the range 1.3–1.9 between the volume densities of gas (HI+H2) and the SFR with a significantly smaller scatter than the surface-based (Kennicutt) law and no change in the slope over five orders of magnitude. This indicates that taking into account the radial increase of the thickness of galaxy discs is crucial to reconstruct their three-dimensional density profiles, in particular in their outskirts. Moreover, our result suggests that the break in the slope seen in the Kennicutt law is due to disc flaring rather than to a drop of the SF efficiency at low surface densities. Surprisingly, we discovered an unexpected correlation between the volume densities of HI and SFR, indicating that the atomic gas is a good tracer of the cold star-forming gas, especially in low density HI-dominated environments.
Hyades tidal tails revealed by Gaia DR2
Authors: Röser Siegfried , Schilbach Elena , Goldman Bertrand
Published: December 2018

Aims. Within a 200 pc sphere around the Sun, we search for the Hyades tidal tails in the Gaia DR2 dataset.

Methods. We used a modified convergent-point method to search for stars with space velocities close to the space velocity of the Hyades cluster.

Results. We find a clear indication for the existence of the Hyades tidal tails, a leading tail extending up to 170 pc from the centre of the Hyades with 292 stars (36 contaminants), and a trailing tail up to 70 pc with 237 stars (32 contaminants). A comparison with an N-body model of the cluster and its tails shows remarkably good coincidence. Five white dwarfs are found in the tails.
Grouting mortar for annular injection
Authors: Lyapidevskaya Olga
Published: December 2018

In conditions of cramped urban development, trenchless methods of laying engineering communications are used for environmental protection. Currently, the most widespread is shield driving with tunneling complexes. However, during construction work voids and crevices may form between the shell of the shield and the tunnel lining. In order to fill these voids and create a durable waterproof screen around the lining, the technology of injecting grouting mortars in the annular space is applied. The article shows the results of laboratory tests and gives a comparative analysis of applied grouting mortars based on mineral binders. A new composition of a grouting mortar with improved characteristics including Portland cement and bentonite clays is proposed. The results of laboratory tests of a new material are presented. Data are given that indicate the advantages of using bentonite powders for the preparation of grouting compositions over other materials used as protective injection mortars. The article contains information about field tests of the developed material, which show that the proposed grouting mortar is characterized by high rheological properties and allows obtaining a high-quality waterproof shell in the annulus.
Investigation of activated aluminum as a component of cellular concrete with complex porosation
Authors: Nelyubova Viktoria , Sumin Artem
Published: December 2018

In this paper indicators of the quality of activated aluminum, proposed for use as a poreforming agent in the production of cellular concrete with complex porisation are presented. The efficiency of ultrasonic homogenization of the poreforning agent in the presence of a mineral modifier of cellular concrete which provides high stability of the suspension in time is substantiated.
Effects of silicafume and fly ash on properties of alumina cement
Authors: Luu Thi Hong , Luong Duc Long , Trinh Thi Cham , Ta Van Luan , Duong Thanh Qui
Published: December 2018

Alumina cement which was used in this investigation contains about 56% of Al2O3 in the component. Early compressive strength alumina cement at 1 and 3 days can be achieved of 85% compressive strength value at 28 days. After a long period of hydration, the compressive strength of alumina cement harder decreased due to the releasing process of aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] to the outside environment [1, 4,11]. To improve and maintain the long lasting compressive strength of alumina cement harden, new binders would be created SiO2- Al2O3 and among CaO-SiO2-Al2O3. The new binders would exist sustainably in the cement harden as a result of the chemical reaction between the product of hydrated cement called gel [Al(OH)3] with micro silica (amorphous SiO2) [4]. This report demonstrates the result of the investigation which is about the effect of silica fume and fly ash on alumina cement.
Thermal insulation: operational properties and methods of research
Authors: Zhukov Alexey , Konoval’tseva Tatiana , Bobrova Ekaterina , Zinovieva Ekaterina , Ivanov Kazbek
Published: December 2018

Construction system consists of materials with different properties. The use of materials in the design should ensure maximum of its performance and its durability. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective way to form the thermal envelope of a building, reducing energy costs and increasing the durability of building structures. The properties of materials are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of technological influences. Formation of the insulating shell of oil and gas industry objects is possible only when considering the special features of the thermal insulation layer in the construction and the use of high-quality materials that retain their characteristics, both in the early stages of operation and throughout the calculation period. The first is achieved by competent design, the second the possibility of assessing the properties of thermal insulation (and predicting changes in these properties over time) directly in the construction site.The methodology for assessing the properties of insulating products includes two main components: testing facility and methodology for assessing operational stability. The methodology of conducting accelerated tests and prediction of durability is tested for mineral wool products of a layered, corrugated and volume-oriented structure. The test results give good convergence with the methods recommended by the building codes.
Effect of matrix particle size on EPS lightweight concrete properties
Authors: Hoang Minh Duc , Le Phuong Ly
Published: December 2018

Expanded polystyrene lightweight concrete is a composite which can be made by adding expanded polystyrene aggregate in normalweight concrete (as matrix). The research was focused on the effect of properties and volume of the matrix on the properties of lightweight concrete. The results show that properties of structural polystyrene concrete, such as workability and compressive strength, depend on the aggregate size of the matrix. It also shows that decreasing aggregate size of the matrix is the effective way to increase workability and compressive strength of lightweight concrete. When the density of concretes decrease by 200 kg/m³, slump values decrease by about 20 to 30 mm with lightweight concrete mixtures using maximum particle size of 0.63 mm, while slump values decrease by about 40 mm with the mixtures using maximum particle size of 20 mm. At the same density, the compressive strength of the structural polystyrenre concrete significantly decreased when the coarse aggregate diameter greater than 10 mm. Therefore, coarse aggregates with diameter size are smaller than 10 mm was recommended to use for matrix. In the result, expanded polystyrene concrete with density from 1,400 kg/m³ to 2,000 kg/m³ and compressive strength more than 20 MPa for structural application was made.
Increasing the strength of destroyed wood of wooden architecture monuments by surface modification
Authors: Pokrovskaya Elena
Published: December 2018

The Anglican Church in Arkhangelsk built in 1833 represents a wooden architecture monument. The article describes the strengthening of partially destroyed samples of the Anglican Church wood by surface modification. The first layer of the sandwich coating is nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid, which forms covalent bonds with the substrate, partially strengthening the wood. The second layer is an epoxy resin solution, which forms covalent bonds with the coating of the first layer, with hydroxyl groups of the first layer involved in the curing of the second layer as well. A two-layer surface coating is formed, while the strength of the wood increases by 2 – 2.5 times, water absorption decreases by 3 times, and mass loss in combustion is no more than 9% according to GOST 27484-87. The monument preservation increases.
Efficient modified concrete for irrigation and drainage facilities construction
Authors: Tkach Evgeniya , Sadchikova Yuliya
Published: December 2018

The paper describes scientific and technical prerequisites for the development of composition of and production method for hydrophobic complex modifier based on the industrial wastes, including technical lignosulfonates (TLS) as a plasticizing ingredient; oil and fat tar as hydrophobic ingredient; and saponified wood pitch (SWP) as air entraining ingredient. The purpose of the presented studies was the development of an efficient modified concrete composition for construction of irrigation and drainage facilities construction by using a complex hydrophobic modifier. Experimental studies were carried out on concrete samples made of reference and test compositions in the laboratory of the “Building Materials” Department of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. Comprehensive studies showed that the use of hydrophobic modifier allows obtaining concrete with water bleeding ratio reduced by 35–40%; reducing the concrete capillary suction and water absorption by 3 times; and increasing water penetration pressure (W8 and more), in comparison with concrete without additives. The developed complex hydrophobic modifier increases the strength by 12-18% and reduces shrinkage strain of concrete by 7.5% in comparison with the control composition without the modifier.
Reactive powder concrete based on multicomponent cement systems with multilevel optimization of the disperse composition
Authors: Velichko Evgeniy , Shokodko Ekaterina
Published: December 2018

This paper study the process of multilevel optimization of particulate structure of concrete. The improvement of performance characteristics of concrete can be achieved with a minimum binder content. Theoretical and experimental principles for the design of an optimal structure of concrete with an increased concentration of solid phase and operational characteristics, with a complex organo-mineral additive are developed on the basis of a rational proportion of chemical and finely dispersed mineral components. The high density of the structure is achieved by obtaining the dense packages by applying strong particles and grains with high elastic modulus and optimal parameters (dispersion and content) for each structural level. It is shown that it is expedient to use several structural levels of the particles of the clinker phase, and pozzolanization of the matrix must be carried out in accordance with the optimal formulation. Finely-dispersed slag, microsilica and highly dispersed fraction of cement were considered as mineral components, and superplasticizer of polycarboxylate type was used as a chemical additive.
Newest models and calculation schemes for quantitative analysis of physical properties of polymers
Authors: Askadskii Andrey , Matseevich Tatyana , Matseevich Andrey
Published: December 2018

New models and calculation schemes have been developed for the quantitative analysis of a number of physical properties of polymers — glass transition temperature, flow temperature of polymer nanocomposites, thermal conductivity, boiling point of polymer solutions, water absorption and water permeability of polymers and nanocomposites, strength, viscosity, storage and losses moduli, refractive index and dielectric constant. All calculation schemes are based on the structure of linear and cross-linked polymers; their degree of crystallinity, free volume, the effect of temperature, the composition of copolymers and homogeneous mixtures of polymers, the concentration of nanoparticles, their shape, size distribution, orientation angles, the structure of polar groups grafted to the surface of nanoparticles, the energy of intermolecular interactions are taken into account. All computational schemes are computerized and allow calculations to be carried out automatically after the introduction of the structure of a repeating unit of polymer unit into the computer, as well as the shape and size of nanofillers.
Regularities of the day surface deformation during layer mining by consecutive lavas
Authors: Makeeva Tamara , Trofimov Vitaly
Published: December 2018

The main objective of this work is to find an analytical ratio, which could describe the form of a trough to simplify the forecast of deformation of a day surface during the development of underground mining operations. The interactive algorithm for finding of the defining parameters of such a ratio, which allows to expand the borders of the use of traditional approach significantly, is offered. The example of interpretation of the data, obtained within the measurement of subsidence of a day surface in the mine named after Kirov in Kuzbass during consecutive mining of two lavas is reviewed. The analytical ratio for the description of a form of a trough from one lava is received and proved to be fair for the following lava; that gives the basis to consider it fair for the subsequent mining of the layer.
Estimation of energy efficiency of water heating systems in terms of electricity consumption
Authors: Usikov Sergey
Published: December 2018

The article considers the creation of a regulatory framework in the field of rationing the energy efficiency of water heating systems, and gives recommendations for its creation. In heating systems, there are two main types of energy consumption: electrical and thermal. Electric consumption primarily depends on the correct choice of the pump in the system, its efficiency, as well as the design and operation characteristics of the heating system. Existing methods for assessing energy efficiency, used for ventilation systems, are not applicable for heating systems, since certain conditions must be met for high-quality exploitation. In particular, such conditions include the removal of air from the system and the provision of proportional regulation of the heat transfer of the heating devices. The article gives an example of determining the energy efficiency of a heating system depending on these conditions, and the proposed methodology and methodology applicable for ventilation systems are compared. The considered technique can be applied at carrying out of examination of the design documentation of section “Heating and ventilation”.
Modification of vibratory driving technology for sustainable construction works
Authors: Lohunova Oleksandra , Wyjadłowski Marek
Published: December 2018

The Sustainable Development Goals were a remarkable advancement when adopted by the United Nations in 2015. For the first time, the world committed towards a wide spectrum of common goals ranging from climate action to sustainable cities from sustainable economic growth to inclusive industrialization. Sustainability is usually considered as “avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance”. In case of civil engineering, it means minimization of environment-related costs of ongoing project, also in terms of temporary deterioration of life quality in vicinity of building site due to noise and mechanical vibrations. Such impacts may constitute environmental load within much longer time-frame than exposure time to negative influences itself. Numerous impacts of construction work on environment, sometimes not covered by any standards, from mechanical damages to facilities and infrastructure, those which are easiest to identify, through negative influence to comfort and health of local residents, to offset the balance of nature (e.g. by chasing out birds during breeding season) are observed. The paper provides exemplary actions which may be undertaken by construction work contractors to reduce adverse dynamic impacts – mechanical vibrations, with regard to geotechnical work related to execution of deep excavation shoring. Conclusions of the paper are of general nature and, independently of rules specified by standards, they can provide guidance on good practices.
Increasing the reliability of the soil slopes design using evolutionary modelling
Authors: Prokurov Maxim , Indykin Alexander , Alekseytsev Anatoly
Published: December 2018

An issue has been discussed on determining the best value of quadrangular trench slopes, grade considering the provision of reliability for soil steady position in minimizing the quantity of the necessary earthworks. The calculation algorithm has been described including the determination of stability coefficient for a soil slope being in the ultimate rock equilibrium condition. The task is completed via the method of circular-cylindrical revolving surfaces using the genetic algorithm.
Study on the settlement of raft foundations by different methods
Authors: Le Ba Vinh , Nguyen Van Nhan , Le Ba Khanh
Published: December 2018

In order to study effects of the size, the stiffness of foundation, and the applied load on the thickness of compressed zone and the settlement of raft foundations, this paper analyze methods of settlement calculation such as the method of summation of partial settlements, the method of elastic layer of finite thickness, and the finite element method with the PLAXIS 3D software. Effects of the size of foundation are considered with many areas of foundation such as 150 m2, 338 m2, 600 m2, 938 m2, 1350 m2, 1838 m2, and 2400 m2; and effects of the applied load of the upper structure are considered with many values of 150 kN/m2, 200 kN/m2, and 250 kN/m2. There are remarkable differences between settlements calculated by the analytical methods and ones simulated by PLAXIS 3D. From the analysis and evaluation of calculated results, this paper proposes a suitable method to determine the thickness of compressed zone, as well as the method of calculation of settlement for raft foundations.
Formation of hypotheses of redevelopment of cultural heritage objects of the residential complex “Krasny Vyborzhets”
Authors: Savchuk Anastasiia , Ptukhina Irina
Published: December 2018

Subject of study: issue of redevelopment of industrial zones that have lost its purpose, which have a huge potential for renovation in the current conditions of development of a modern metropolis. Based on the example of a housing complex projected on the territory of the «Krasny Vyborzhets» factory the article describes approaches to the renovation of historical buildings located on the territory of the future residential com-plex, which cannot be demolished due to town planning regulations. Objectives: the formation of the hypotheses of redevelopment of cultural her-itage objects belonging to the residential complex being designed on the territory of the plant “Krasny Vyborzhets”. Materials and methods: mapping methods, SWOT analysis, world experience of redevelopment were used. Results: the main direction of redevelopment was chosen to create a cultural and business center “Rosenkrantz” with a modern open public space, which is based on the combination of three historical eras. Conclusions: this type of redevelopment will increase the security of this area, the attractiveness of the residential complex for future costumers of apartments and also will create a public space for leisure activities for local residents and their children.
A new frontier in construction investments: Data Centres and technical factors affecting risk profile
Authors: Bellintani Stefano , Ciaramella Gianandrea , Celani Alberto
Published: December 2018

The interest of Construction investors towards Data Centres is a novelty that however is not supported by an adequate level of knowledge of the technical characteristics that distinguish this particular building type. In fact, these are complex buildings, which are rarely dealt with in the literature (real estate and construction) and very different from the typical asset class of the real estate market, for which it requires a very high level of specialization. From an investor's point of view, although there are some reference standards that define some minimum quality standards, we need to widen our attention, focusing on all the technical / technological factors that influence the business model. The paper deals with this problem, trying to identify the different elements that influence the risk profile of the investment (thus omitting risk factors of another kind) and structuring them in clusters. Specifically, the paper focuses on the cost factors (passive cycle of the business model) that accompany the investment or the real estate asset “data centres” in its life cycle.
Investment Risks in the Field of Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Lyapuntsova Elena , Belozerova Iulia , Drozdova Ilona , Berlinova Marina
Published: December 2018

In this article, the authors investigate the types and causes of risks of entrepreneurs working in the field of non-profit social projects. The authors draw conclusions about the high importance of such risks as reputational risks, the risks of negative attitude to the project by interested audiences, the risks of underfunding
An exploration of text mining of narrative reports of injury incidents to assess risk
Authors: Passmore David , Chae Chungil , Kustikova Yulia , Baker Rose , Yim Jeong-Ha
Published: December 2018

A topic model was explored using unsupervised machine learning to summarized free-text narrative reports of 77,215 injuries that occurred in coal mines in the USA between 2000 and 2015. Latent Dirichlet Allocation modeling processes identified six topics from the free-text data. One topic, a theme describing primarily injury incidents resulting in strains and sprains of musculoskeletal systems, revealed differences in topic emphasis by the location of the mine property at which injuries occurred, the degree of injury, and the year of injury occurrence. Text narratives clustered around this topic refer most frequently to surface or other locations rather than underground locations that resulted in disability and that, also, increased secularly over time. The modeling success enjoyed in this exploratory effort suggests that additional topic mining of these injury text narratives is justified, especially using a broad set of covariates to explain variations in topic emphasis and for comparison of surface mining injuries with injuries occurring during site preparation for construction.
Using a Case Study Interactively to teach Sustainability Risk Management
Authors: Roe Richard , Bardenwerper Walter , Borkovskaya Victoria
Published: December 2018

Enterprises whose operations may negatively affect the sustainability of the world around them face a variety of challenges by individuals, communities and governmental bodies who increasingly view the impact of these enterprises as detriments to the sustainability of our planet’s resources. We examine the advantages of the interactive teaching of a case study in schools, universities, and trainings for enterprises and NGOs to explore how policies can be developed so that these enterprises can be economically and socially successful and at the same time operate consistently with sustainability.
Azetabuläre Revision: Rekonstruktion kavitärer und segmentaler Defekte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung modularer hoch poröser Pfannensysteme
Authors: Freitag Tobias , Faschingbauer Martin , Lutz Bernd , Bieger Ralf , Reichel Heiko
Published: December 2018

Aufgrund der steigenden Zahl endoprothetischer Primärimplantationen am Hüftgelenk werden auch Wechseleingriffe eine zunehmende Herausforderung darstellen. Nicht selten wird der Operateur hierbei mit relevanten azetabulären Defektsituationen konfrontiert. Eine sorgfältige präoperative Planung ist unerlässlich, um für den Patienten eine funktionell zufriedenstellende und möglichst langfristige Versorgung zu erreichen. Zu den Behandlungsmöglichkeiten azetabulärer Defekte gehören poröse hemisphärische Pfannen, metallische Augmente, elliptische Pfannen, zementierte Implantate, Ringe, Allotransplantate, Individualimplantate und Kombinationen der genannten Komponenten. Neben großen hemisphärischen Pfannen werden zunehmend modulare hoch poröse Revisionssysteme zur Versorgung höhergradiger Defektsituationen eingesetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die relevante Literatur und implantatspezifische Besonderheiten der unterschiedlichen Versorgungsstrategien.