bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An assessment of supplement use in breast cancer patients from a single unit in South Africa.
Authors: Kriel Inge , Bergstrom Kyara , Benn Carol
Published: May 2018

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Background: Breast cancer patients are particularly susceptible to marketing strategies employed to encourage the use of natural supplements and natural therapies. Supplements/natural therapies are freely available from various sources, including online commercial sites, therefore making them readily accessible and poorly regulated. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire on supplement use was distributed to patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Fifty-one questionnaires were completed and data was collected into a REDCapTM based database and subsequently analysed. Results: Thirty-two patients (62.7%) were using supplements prior to their diagnosis. Thirty-two (62.7%) patients did not think supplements had harmful side effects and thirty (58.8%) patients did not think they could interfere with their cancer treatment. Thirty-five patients (68.6%) would however stop their supplements if they were informed of possible interactions. Thirty-eight (74.5%) patients would prefer if their doctor informed them of potential interactions and side effects. Conclusions: Supplement use is common in breast cancer patients. The majority of patients did not believe that supplements could interfere with conventional breast cancer treatments, but the majority of patients are willing to stop the supplements if they are informed of potential interactions. Patients would prefer their doctor to inform them on supplement use. A further study is warranted to assess doctors’ knowledge around supplement side-effects and interactions.
Association between lifestyle factors and completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Authors: Usiskin Ilana M , Li Fangyong , Irwin Melinda L , Cartmel Brenda , Sanft Tara Beth
Published: May 2018

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Background: Completion of chemotherapy has been associated with improved breast cancer outcomes. We evaluated whether lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and diet, may contribute to neoadjuvant chemotherapy completion in breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of women treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early stage (I-III) breast cancer. A medical record review recorded BMI, blood pressure, diabetes and hypertension medication, and chemotherapy completion. Completers received full doses of all prescribed chemotherapy, with or without cycle delays. We conducted a telephone survey about exercise and fruit/vegetable intake (>5 servings/day) during the year prior to cancer diagnosis. Exercisers completed at least 7.5 MET-hours/week (i.e., 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise). Multi-variable adjusted analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with chemotherapy completion. Results: Sixty-seven patients (45%) answered the survey. Chemotherapy completers were on average 11 years younger than non-completers (p<0.001), more likely premenopausal (p=0.02), and less likely on diabetes medication (p=0.05). Exercisers were more likely to complete chemotherapy than non-exercisers (p=0.002). After controlling for age, diastolic blood pressure, menopausal status, and diabetes medication, the adjusted odds ratio for exercise on chemotherapy completion was 4.1 (95% CI 1.1 – 15.3) (p=0.04). Conclusions: Women who reported exercising at recommended levels in the year prior to breast cancer diagnosis were more likely to complete neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens, suggesting a potentially important role for lifestyle factors in chemotherapy completion. Factors associated with chemotherapy completion [Table: see text]
Four-year effects of physical exercise during adjuvant treatment on fatigue and physical activity in breast and colon cancer patients.
Authors: May Anne Maria , Hiensch Anouk E , Witlox Lenja , Velthuis Miranda , Van Der Wall Elsken , Peeters Petra H.M. ,   PACT study group
Published: May 2018

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Background: A recent randomized trial, the PACT study, showed beneficial effects on fatigue and physical fitness after an 18-week supervised exercise program in breast and colon cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatment. So far, little is known on long-term effects of exercising during adjuvant treatment on fatigue and whether physical activity levels could be maintained. The latter is important to preserve achieved beneficial health effects. The present study assessed effects of the exercise intervention on fatigue and physical activity on average 4 years after participation in the PACT study. Methods: The PACT study was a 2-armed, multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing an 18-week supervised exercise program to usual care among 204 breast cancer patients and 33 colon cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatment including chemotherapy. Of the 237 participants, 197 patients were eligible and approached to participate in the 4-year follow-up measurements, and finally 128 patients responded (intervention (n = 70), usual care (n = 58)). Fatigue (MFI) and physical activity levels (SQUASH) was assessed at baseline, post-intervention (at 18 weeks), 36-week post-baseline and 4 years post-baseline. Results: Intention-to-treat mixed linear model analyses showed that cancer patients in the intervention group experienced less physical fatigue at 4-year post-baseline compared to the usual care group (-1.13, 95% CI -2.45;0.20, effect size (ES) = 0.22), although not statistically significant. Furthermore, cancer patients in the intervention group reported significantly higher moderate-to-vigorous total physical activity levels (141.77 min/week (CI 95% 1.31;281.61, ES = 0.22) after 4 years compared to the usual care group. Conclusions: Breast and colon cancer patients, who participated in an 18-week exercise intervention during adjuvant treatment, showed significant higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous total physical activity levels and a tendency towards lower physical fatigue levels 4-year post-baseline. Exercise during chemotherapy might be a promising strategy for minimizing treatment-related side-effects both in the short- and long-term. Clinical trial information: NTR2138.
High DPP-4 Concentrations in Adolescents Are Associated With Low Intact GLP-1
Authors: Stenlid Rasmus , Manell Hannes , Halldin Maria , Kullberg Joel , Ahlström Håkan , Manukyan Levon , Weghuber Daniel , Paulmichl Katharina , Zsoldos Fanni , Bergsten Peter , Forslund Anders
Published: May 2018

Context

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) metabolizes glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and increased DPP4 levels are associated with obesity and visceral adiposity in adults.

Objective

Investigating DPP-4 levels in adolescents and their association with (1) circulating intact GLP-1 levels and glucose tolerance; (2) body mass index (BMI); and (3) visceral, subcutaneous, and liver fat compartments.

Design

Cross-sectional study, July 2012 to April 2015.

Setting

Pediatric obesity clinic, Uppsala University Hospital.

Patients and Participants

Children and adolescents with obesity (n = 59) and lean controls (n = 21) aged 8 to 18 years.

Main Outcome Measures

BMI SD score, fasting plasma concentrations of DPP-4, total and intact GLP-1, fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) concentrations of glucose, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes and liver fat fraction.

Results

Plasma DPP-4 levels decreased with age in both obese (41 ng/mL per year) and lean subjects (48 ng/mL per year). Plasma DPP-4 levels were higher in males in both the obesity and lean groups. With adjustments for age and sex, plasma DPP-4 level was negatively associated with intact GLP-1 at fasting (β = −12.3; 95% CI: −22.9, −1.8) and during OGTT (β = −12.1; 95% CI: −22.5, −1.7). No associations were found between DPP-4 and plasma glucose levels measured at fasting or after a 2-hour OGTT. Plasma DPP-4 level was 19% higher in obese subjects. Among adipose tissue compartments, the strongest association was with VAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.12).

Conclusions

In adolescents, high plasma DPP-4 concentrations were associated with low proportions of intact GLP-1, high BMI, young age, and male sex. The observed associations are compatible with increased metabolism of GLP-1 in childhood obesity.
Seminal fluid enhances competitiveness of territorial males’ sperm in a fish with alternative male reproductive tactics
Authors: Poli Federica , Locatello Lisa , Rasotto Maria B.
Published: May 2018

The most common adaptation to sperm competition in males is represented by an increase in the sperm number and/or quality released at mating, to raise their probability of egg fertilization. However, rapidly mounting evidence highlights that seminal fluid may directly influence the competitive fertilization success of a male by affecting either own and/or rival sperm performances. In the black goby, Gobius niger, an external fertilizer with guard-sneaker mating tactics and high sperm competition level, sneaker males’ ejaculates contain less seminal fluid and more sperm, that are also of better quality, than those of territorial males. However, territorial males, gain a higher paternity success inside natural nests. Here, we ask whether the seminal fluid can contribute to territorial males’ reproductive success by enhancing their sperm performances and/or by decreasing those of sneaker males. Using sperm and seminal fluid manipulation and in vitro fertilization tests, we found that own seminal fluid influences the velocity and fertilization ability of sperm only in territorial males, making them as faster as those of sneakers and with similar fertilization rate. Moreover, both sneaker and territorial males’ sperm remain unaffected by the seminal fluid of rival males. Thus, black goby males respond to the different level of sperm competition faced by differently allocating in sperm and non-sperm components of the ejaculate, with sneakers primarily investing in sperm of intrinsic high quality and territorial males relying on the effect of seminal fluid to increase the lower intrinsic quality of their sperm.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: May 2018

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Antiplatelet use in practice
Authors: Bain Amie
Published: May 2018

Antiplatelets are widely used drugs that can prevent platelet activation and subsequent aggregation, inhibiting arterial thrombus formation that can contribute to the development of myocardial infarction and stroke. The use of antiplatelets for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease is supported by a strong and compelling evidence base, with rigorous clinical trials supporting the use of varying combinations of antiplatelets for different indications. A sound understanding of how antiplatelets work is needed to promote their safe and effective use. This article briefly describes the process of platelet activation, aggregation and subsequent thrombus formation, and will discuss the mechanism of action of antiplatelets and their place in therapy.
Deprivation of liberty in CCU
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2018

An adult in a coronary care unit who lacks decision-making capacity may be given 1:1 supervision, confined with bedrails and sedated. Richard Griffith considers whether patients in these circumstances are subject to restrictions that amount to a deprivation of liberty that requires authorisation to be lawful
Are people with dementia being failed by the NHS?
Authors: Mendes Aysha , Palmer Sarah
Published: May 2018

Studies from Independent Age and the Alzheimer's Society have found that the quality of care homes has deteriorated and many residents do not have adequate access to the care they need. Aysha Mendes and Sarah Palmer discuss these findings
How intergenerational care generates happiness
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2018

In this new series Adrian Ashurst will discuss the importance of customer service, focusing on care homes that go above and beyond to give their residents a good experience. This month we have a look at a pilot scheme with intergenerational care
How to … organise a successful summer fete
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: May 2018

With summer almost upon us, Adrian Ashurst gives tips for organising a summer fair in the care home. He gives ideas on food, drink and activities and mentions some important questions for the organisers to keep in mind
Join the big debate
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2018

Begin to engage pupils with politics by exploring the meaning of the word itself, before moving on to an understanding of democracy and its national institutions.
Contraceptive Provision to Postpartum Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Brown Hilary K. , Kirkham Yolanda A. , Lunsky Yona , Cobigo Virginie , Vigod Simone N.
Published: May 2018

CONTEXT

Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities who experience pregnancy, like all women, require postpartum care that supports their contraceptive knowledge and decision making. Yet, little is known about the postpartum contraceptive care these women receive, or how it compares with care given to other women.

METHODS

A population‐based study using linked health and social services administrative data examined provision of postpartum contraceptive care to women who had a live birth in Ontario, Canada, in 2002–2014 and were beneficiaries of Ontario's publicly funded drug plan. Modified Poisson regression was used to compare care between 1,181 women with and 36,259 women without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Outcomes were provision of any nonbarrier contraceptive in the year following the birth and type of method provided.

RESULTS

In the first year postpartum, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities were provided with contraceptives at a higher rate than were other women (relative risk 1.3); the difference was significant for both nonsurgical and surgical methods (1.2 and 1.8, respectively). The higher rate of nonsurgical contraceptive provision was explained by provision of injectables (1.9); there were no differences for pills or IUDs.

CONCLUSION

Nonbarrier contraceptives may be the most appropriate methods for some women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, future research should investigate why women with such disabilities are more likely than others to receive injectable contraceptives, which have possible negative side effects, and surgical contraception, which is irreversible. Research also should investigate how these women perceive their participation in contraceptive decision making.
Biomimetic 3D-printed neurovascular phantoms for near-infrared fluorescence imaging
Authors: Liu Yi , Ghassemi Pejhman , Depkon Andrew , Iacono Maria Ida , Lin Jonathan , Mendoza Gonzalo , Wang Jianting , Tang Qinggong , Chen Yu , Pfefer T. Joshua
Published: May 2018

Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the fabrication of optically realistic and morphologically complex tissue-simulating phantoms for the development and evaluation of novel optical imaging products. In this study, we assess the potential to print image-defined neurovascular phantoms with patent channels for contrast-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. An anatomical map defined from clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was segmented and processed into files suitable for printing a forebrain vessel network in rectangular and curved-surface biomimetic phantoms. Methods for effectively cleaning samples with complex vasculature were determined. A final set of phantoms were imaged with a custom NIRF system at 785 nm excitation using two NIRF contrast agents. In addition to demonstrating the strong potential of 3D printing for creating highly realistic, patient-specific biophotonic phantoms, our work provides insight into optimal methods for accomplishing this goal and elucidates current limitations of this approach.
Goizuetako azentu-hiztegia / An accent dictionary of Goizueta Basque
Authors: Lujanbio Oihana
Published: May 2018

Goizuetako azentuera deskribatu asmoz idatzi da azentu-hiztegi hau. 2.400 sarrera inguru dituen hiztegia da, Nafarroa iparraldean egindako beste hiztegi batzuk oinarri hartuta osatu dena.Behin oinarri hori osatuta, Goizuetako azentu sistemari buruzko arau eta ezaugarri fisikoen azalpena egin da. Horretarako, orain arte Goizuetako azentuerari buruz egin diren deskribapenak laburtu dira eta horiei ekarpenen bat egin diegu ahal izan dugunean. Hitz taldeetan gertatzen dena aztertu da eta adinaren arabera ikusi diren aldaketa batzuen berri ere ematen du lan honek.Bukaeran, laburpen modura lanaren ekarpen eta ondorio nagusiak biltzen dira eta Goizuetako azentu-sistemaren ezaugarri batzuk adierazi dira.
A typology of stress- and foot- sensitive consonantal phenomena
Authors: González Carolina
Published: May 2018

This article investigates consonantal alternations that are conditioned by stress and/or foot-structure. A survey of 78 languages from 37 language families reveals three types of consonantal phenomena: (i) those strictly motivated by stress (as in Senoufo lengthening), (ii) those exclusively conditioned by foot structure (as in /h/ epenthesis in Huariapano), and (iii) those motivated both by stress and foot structure (as in flapping in American English). The fact that stress-only and foot-only consonantal phenomena are attested alongside stress/foot structure conditioned phenomena leads to the proposal that stress and foot structure can work independently, contradicting the traditional view of foot structure organization as signaled by stress-based prominence. It is proposed that four main factors are at play in the consonantal phenomena under investigation: perception, duration, aerodynamics, and prominence. Duration, aerodynamics and perceptual ambiguity are primarily phonetic, while prominence and other perceptual factors are primarily phonological. It is shown that the mechanism of Prominence Alignment in Optimality Theory captures not only consonantal alternations based on prominence, but can also be extended to those with durational and aerodynamic bases. This article also makes predictions regarding unattested stress/foot sensitive alternations connected to the four factors mentioned above.
Ekialdeko /o/-ren igoeraren testuinguru fonologikoaren bila / Looking for the phonological context of /o/-raising in Eastern Basque
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander
Published: May 2018

Lan honetan euskarazko /o/ erdiko atzeko bokalaren igoera aztertzen da. Hots-eredu hau batez ere zubereran eta erronkarieran garatu zen, nahiz eta ekialdeko beste euskalkietan ere aurki daitekeen. Bilakabide honen adibideak batu eta horien testuingurua zehaztu ostean, fonetikoki sudurkarituriko [õ]-ren igoera bezala deskriba daitekeela proposatuko da. Hots aldaketa hau sudurkaritasunaren berezko anbiguotasun fonetikoaren bitartez azaltzea proposatuko da, ambigutasun hau F1-en eremuan «formante sudurkariak» gehitzeak eragiten duela. Laburbilduz, lan honek deskribapen fonologikoak erraz azaltzen ez duen baina fonetikoki arazorik gabe azal daitekeen hots-eredu bat aurkezten du, fonetikaren garrantzia ikerketa historiko eta fonologikoan azpimarratzen delarik.
Metáforas de la guerra asimétrica. El tropo de la pacificación en Brasil y Argentina
Authors: Tufró Manuel , Contursi María Eugenia
Published: May 2018

El artículo propone una genealogía del tropo de la «pacificación», desde sus usos en discursos militares imperiales hasta su adopción en la retórica de las políticas públicas de seguridad en América Latina, especialmente en Brasil y Argentina. Desde una perspectiva comunicacional y cultural, nos detenemos en los recursos lingüísticos y operaciones discursivas que son recuperados y resignificados para producir sentido sobre las dinámicas delictivas, la violencia y la respuesta estatal a estos fenómenos.
Los medios comunitarios indígenas como construcción de memoria en resistencia en Bolivia
Authors: Ramos Martín Juan
Published: May 2018

A pesar del amplio desarrollo de análisis sobre las formas de comunicación sindical y popular en el contexto boliviano, la comunicación indígena y sus formas de organización no han sido profundamente analizadas como formas de construcción de memorias de resistencia. Este trabajo pretende construir un desarrollo de la acción histórica y actual de dichas redes, entendidas estas como sujetos político-culturales duales, presentes en sociedades abigarradas, pero organizados a su vez en torno a prácticas e identidades propias, cosmologías y cosmogonías.
Evolución de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Chile entre 2011 y 2015: ¿influyó el Permiso Postnatal Parental?
Authors: Durán-Agüero Samuel , Castro Villarroel Paolo
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) al sexto mes de vida en Chile en 2012 era del 43%, a pesar de las campañas para aumentar esta prevalencia. En 2011 se aprobó una ley ligada a permisos laborales para incrementar la prevalencia de LME a los 6 meses. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la evolución de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Chile entre 2011 y 2015.Material y métodos: Estudio ecológico con datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (2.444.426 lactantes desde 2011 a 2015). Se determinó la prevalencia de LME en el primer mes de vida, a los 3, 6 y 12 meses. Se exploraron las diferencias entre madres que disfrutaban o no de los permisos y los motivos sobre el cese de la LME a los 6 meses en 2013.Resultados: La prevalencia de LME al primer (74%), tercer (67%) y sexto mes (53%) fue similar a los años anteriores. En la LME a los 6 meses se observó un incremento significativo de 12 puntos entre 2011 y 2015. Además, las mujeres con permisos remunerados tuvieron más probabilidad de dar LME en el mes 6 y los principales motivos que llevaron a cesar la LME a los 6 meses fueron que el lactante se quedaba con hambre (27,2%), problemas en el pezón (14,7%) e inicio de actividades laborales o estudiantiles (10,4%).Conclusiones: Existe un incremento de la LME al 6º mes de vida en 12 puntos porcentuales entre 2011 y 2015, aunque este incremento no ocurre hasta 2014. La LME a los 6 meses es mayor en mujeres que acceden a los beneficios de la ley. El incremento tendría relación con el cumplimiento de una meta sanitaria e incentivos económicos a los equipos de atención primaria de salud en esos años y no a la ley implementada.
Efectos de la ingesta de naringina en combinación con el ejercicio sobre respuestas clínicas: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Raffoul Orozco Abdel Kerim , Ávila González Ana Elisa , Cancela Carral José María
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La naringina es un flavonoide utilizado como suplemento alimenticio, el cual es comercializado en productos para atletas, se promueve como: potenciador de otros suplementos, aumenta la capacidad física y como "quemador de grasa" para la pérdida de peso, entre otros efectos. Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia disponible del efecto de la suplementación oral de naringina en combinación con actividad física y/o ejercicio en respuestas clínicas en comparación con solo actividad física y ejercicio.Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos electrónicas. Fuentes de datos: Science Direct, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Registro Cochrane Central de ensayos controlados, SPORTDiscus. Selección de estudios: Publicaciones con el objetivo de estudiar los efectos de la naringina en combinación con ejercicio o actividad fisica. Extracción de datos y método de síntesis: Se realizó analisis por dos revisores, datos extraídos: autores, año de publicación, diseño del estudio, universo de estudio, intervención y resultados relevantes; se cuantificó la calidad con la escala PEDro. La revisión fue realizada siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA.Resultados: Se identificaron 3 ensayos clínicos (escala de PEDro media de 8,3). Naringina mejora el tiempo de actividad física y disminuye el tiempo fatiga, y mejora subjetivamente la condición física pero no resultó estadísticamente mejor al placebo.Conclusiones: Los estudios muestran contradicciones sobre los efectos de la combinación sobre la condición física.
Dispensación dietética en un hospital de tercer nivel de la comunidad autónoma de Canarias, España
Authors: Benítez Brito Néstor , Delgado Brito Irina , Herrera Rodríguez Eva María
Published: May 2018

Introducción: El 90% de la demanda alimentaria ofertada en un hospital corresponde a la nutrición por vía oral. Sin embargo, son pocos los trabajos que evalúan la prescripción dietética que se realiza en los centros hospitalarios.Objetivo: Describir las características del total de dietas dispensadas a pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital de tercer nivel.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal para pormenorizar el total de dietas distribuidas en un centro hospitalario provincial durante el periodo de informatización del programa de dispensación de dietas (2003-2015). Las variables recogidas son: tipo de dieta y año. Se analiza el total de dietas prescritas en el periodo estudiado utilizando el programa SPSS 19.0.Resultados: Total dietas dispensadas en el periodo estudiado: 12.189.344,00. Prescripción por tipo de dieta: absoluta (931.457; 7,64%), basal (3.335.219; 27,36%), basal pediátrica (493.476; 4,05%), metabólica 1.000 kcal (40.109; 0,33%), metabólica 1.500 kcal (1,738,229; 14,26%), metabólica 2.000 kcal (1.157.076; 9,49%), metabólica 3.000 kcal (3.718; 0,03%), dietas de progresión o post-quirúrgicas (861.238; 7,07%), batidora eléctrica (1.145.400; 9,40%), batidora eléctrica pediátrico (250.820; 2,06%); blanda masticación (633.997; 5,20%), fácil digestión (236.835; 1,94%), astringente (167.943; 1,38%), protección bilio-pancreática (573.026; 4,70%), nefrológicas (108.674; 0,89%), baja carga bacteriana (70.526; 0,58%), sin gluten (16.587; 0,14%), rica en fibra (156.234; 1,28%), total vegetarianas (75.851; 0,62%), especiales (12.910; 0,11%). Conclusiones: Las dietas terapéuticas son las más prescritas. Dentro de esta pauta, las dietas metabólicas reciben la mayor parte de la prescripción. Sin embargo, una dieta de 1.500 kcal no debería ser la que mayor prescripción recibe ya que los requerimientos nutricionales de los pacientes hospitalizados son elevados. Se debe corregir esta prescripción, además de reducir el código de dietas.
Determining the oxidative stability and quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil and its antioxidant activity during microwave heating
Authors: Sobhani Atoosa , Mohammed Abdulkarim Sabo , Ghobakhlou Fatemeh , Ghazali Hasanah Mohd
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The emphasis on high-oleic vegetable oils is prominent in human communities all over the world. That being said, the high level of monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) oil shows that it is resistant to oxidative stability. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to see if tiger nut oil can be exploited for use as an alternative or supplementary source of high-quality and nutritious cooking oil. Materials and methods: In this study, Color, RI, viscosity, PV, p-AV, FFA, TPC, at 233 and 269 nm, thermal behavior, TAG and FAC were used to evaluate the oil after microwave heating. Results: The PV, p-AV, FFA, TPC and specific extinction were increased during the microwave heating. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected for peroxide, anisidine, acid value, polar compounds and specific extinction. During microwave heating, the amounts of peroxide, anisidine and TOTOX values increased from initial value 3.06, 0.72 and 6.84 for unheated oil to 4.11, 10.02 and 18.25 after 15 min heating respectively. Free fatty acid changed from 0.10 to 0.12% during microwave heating. Amount of unsaturated fatty acids decreased during the heating significantly. During microwave heating the antioxidant activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 68.60 to 19.66 (for unheated tiger nut oil and after 15 min heating in high concentrations by DPPH test, respectively). Conclusions: This may indicate that it can bear thermal treatments in such culinary methods as frying, and it can thus be concluded that tiger nut oil is stable in heating processes, especially frying.
Building a Small Cinema: Resisting Neoliberal Colonization in Liverpool
Authors: Kilick Anthony
Published: May 2018

In its stated aim of “creating cinemas not supermarkets,” the Small Cinema project voiced its alterity to the recent redevelopment of Liverpool’s city center and those of other former industrial cities throughout the Midlands and the north of the UK. These regeneration projects addressed the problem of a shrinking manufacturing base by replacing them with service industries, a move which has entailed the privatization of vast tracts of public space. Conversely, the building, functioning, and general praxis of the Small Cinema project suggests a mode of practice that more accurately fits within the paradigm of a collaborative commons than a capitalist marketplace. The project’s exemption from market criteria grants it the freedom to pursue public over private goods, thereby constituting a point of resistance to the ongoing neoliberalization of the city and changes to government policy that make it increasingly difficult for non-profit projects to exist.

Historically speaking, cinemas have been accessible to the working class in a way that other artistic media have not. However, while the history of film as a tool for political subversion is well documented, less attention has been paid to the physical construction of independent cinematic space, its programming/running, and its potential as a node of resistance to neoliberal colonization. This paper uses the case study of the Small Cinema project in Liverpool as a means by which to understand how cinematic spaces can counteract the effects of policies that continue to have such a detrimental impact on the arts and education, as well as social health and well-being.
Bioelectricity of Various Carbon Sources on Series Circuit from Microbial Fuel Cell System using Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Ainun Mufid , Suyati Linda
Published: May 2018

Study on bioelectrisity various carbon sources on the circuit series Microbial Fuel Cell using Lactobacillus plantarum has been conducted. This study aims to determine the electrical energy generated by various types of substrates in MFC and determe the effect of a series circuit of the electrical energy produced using Lactobacillus plantarum. The research stage consisted of preparation stages MFC components, electrical power measurements on variations in the type of substrate, and the measurement of electrical power in series circuit variation. Electrical power measurements were performed on a variety of substrate types by comparing the electrical power generated by the fructose, lactose and starch substrates while the electric power measurements with series variations are used in single series, series 2 and series 3. The results of the maximum electrical power measurement on the variation of fructose, lactose and starch substrate in MFC system using Lactobacillus plantarum were obtained respectively 10,26 mW; 63 mW and 27.47 mW. The maximum electric power generated in the MFC system uses Lactobacillus plantarum in a single circuit, series 2, series 3 series with lactose substrate obtained respectively of 63 mW, 164.74 mW and 290.51 mW. The measurement of electrical power showed that the lactose substrate produces a greater power than the other substrates. Series circuit capable of increasing electrical power in MFC system.
The PI3K and AIB1 interaction is involved in estrogen treated breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Zhixi , Deng Xiaogeng , Wu Gang , Qiu Ronglin , Ju Xueming , Wang Youyu , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2018

AIB1 was involved in the development and progression of breast cancer. Although it was found that AIB1 could be phosphorylated by some kinases including PI3K, the function of AIB1 and AKT interaction in breast cancer is not well defined. MCF-7 cells were transfected with pERE-Luc AKT and/or AIB1 plasmids, and then ERE luciferase activity in presence or absence of estrogen (E2) were measured. Plasmids containing PTEN and an PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were transfected into or treated cells to identify the interaction of PI3K/AKT and activation of AIB1, and examine their roles in cell cycle regulation. The AKT phosphorylation activity was evaluated by kinase assay using H2B as a substrate. The association between A1B1 and pS2 promoter was detected by the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. AIB1 and AKT in the same complex were detected by Pull-down assay. IGF-1 can increase AIB1 recruitment to PS2 and enhance the ER-dependent transcription activity through the PI3K/AKT pathway. AIB1 associate with AKT to regulate cell cycle. The special relations concerning the AIB1 and AKT may arouse some new viewpoints for potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
Levels of peripheral Th17 cells and serum Th17-related cytokines in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Guoqiang , Liu Tao , Yin Libin , Kang Zhenhua , Wang Lei
Published: May 2018

Studies suggest that inflammation is involved in the colorectal cancer (CRC) pathology and symptoms. This study sought to quantitatively summarize the clinical cytokine data. Multiple reports have described the proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood and serum levels of Th17-related cytokines in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). To clarify the status of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in CRC patients, we did a meta-analysis of the results published previously to quantitatively assess the levels of peripheral Th17 cells and serum Th17-related cytokines in patients with CRC. We searched PubMed, Embase, web of Science, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) systematically for studies reporting the proportion of Th17 cells and the serum levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23) in CRC patients. Studies measuring the proportion of Th17 cells and the serum levels of Th17-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23) in CRC and healthy control subjects were included. Mean (standard deviation) proportion of Th17 cells and cytokine concentrations for CRC and control subjects were extracted. We assessed pooled data by using a random-effects model. We identified 1276 studies, of which 24 studies were included in the final meta-analytical processes. The quality was reliable according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (Case Control Studies). Compared with control subjects, CRC patients had a higher proportion of Th17 cells [2.37%, (0.53, 2.21)]; an elevated levels of serum IL-17A 1.11 pg./ml, 95%CI (0.16-2.07); an elevated levels of serum IL-6 3.42 pg/ml, 95%CI (3.14-3.70); an elevated levels of serum IL-22 1.32 pg/ml, 95%CI (0.94-1.70); an elevated levels of serum IL-23 0.16pg/ml, 95%CI(1.94-5.39). After sensitivity analysis, an elevated level of serum IL-17 was showed. The data showed that the proportion of Th17 cells in PB and levels of serum IL-17, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23 increased among CRC patients compared to control subjects. This result demonstrated that Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines may be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of CRC.
Icariin inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in SKVCR cells through mTOR signal pathway
Authors: Jiang Shaoyan , Chang Hong , Deng Shaojie , Fan Danyi
Published: May 2018

Autophagy is a conserved biological process, which is regulated by mTOR pathway and is reported to be a self-protective process of cancer cells to counteract apoptosis. Icariin is an active flavonoid that is reported to inhibit autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether Icariin could induce a reduction of cell proliferation by inhibiting autophagy. SKVCR cells, which are resistant to vincristine, were used for the investigation. We used CCK8 test and flow cytometry assay to study the effects of Icariin on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell circle. We performed transmission electron microscope (TEM), immunohistochemical assay and western blotting assay to study the level of autophagy after Icariin treatment. Finally, we investigated whether the mTOR pathway is a target of Icariin by using mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and detected autophagy and apoptosis via flow cytometry assay, TEM, immunohistochemical assay and western blotting assay. Decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis was observed after Icariin treatment in SKVCR cells, together with decreased level of autophagy. Application of rapamycin could reverse the anti-autophagic and pro- apoptotic effect of Icariin. Icariin can inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis in SKVCR cells by activating mTOR signal pathway. Icariin attenuates tumorigenesis by inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis.
Negotiating Creativity on a Small Budget
Authors: Møller Andersen Mads
Published: May 2018

This article presents findings from a production analysis of the Danish public-service television channel DR3’s fiction production Anton 90, which was made in cooperation with a small independent production company called New Creations. In the context of intensified competition on the Danish market for fiction series, the ambivalent cooperation behind this production exemplifies the low-budget efforts of a traditional public service institution to produce the fiction series that their younger target audience desires. The article uses a narrative-discursive approach to creativity and develops the term creative assumptions in order to analyse how media professionals’ implicit assumptions about conditions for creativity can influence the production process, and can generate disagreements. The analysis shows that the value of Anton 90 as a product is negotiated socially by the involved parties who have quite different assumptions about how production conditions can promote creativity, and suggests that a low-budget production can still be labelled as “successful”.
Genetic Variation of Hampala Fish (Hampala macrolepidota) Population in PB. Soedirman Reservoir and Serayu River
Authors: Suryaningsih Suhestri , Simanjuntak Sorta Basar Ida , Sukmaningrum Sri
Published: May 2018

Panglima Besar Soedirman waters reservoir and the Serayu River in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java is one of the habitats of hampala fish . Hampala fish is a member of the Cyprinidae family, which has economic value but is fully captured from the wild. The study on the genetic diversity using approaches of isozyme analysis needed to support conservation and domestication of the fish in this area. This study was aimed at the genetic variation of the hampala fish population in PB. Soedirman water reservoir and the Serayu River in Banjarnegara Regency based on esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), peroxidase (PER), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Visualization of the isozyme was carried out employing horizontal electrophoretic technique with potato starch. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the hampala fish from the reservoir of PB. Soedirman, Serayu River area before reservoir and after reservoir, all of which are in Banjarnegara Regency, can visualized isozymes EST, ACP, and AAT well, except PER isozyme. This finding can be used as based information on population genetics and finally can be used for conservation of this fish. The results of this study are expected to be utilized to evaluate the potential genetic condition of hampala fish, which is the basis for conservation strategy and domestication.
Extract of Nanas Bongsai (Ananas comosus var. microstachys) on The Histology of The Limph and Uterus of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Fitmawati Fitmawati , Saputra Agus , Yohanes Yohanes , Teruna Hilwan Yuda , Nugraha Dimas Pramita , Hamidi Yulis
Published: May 2018

Nanas Bongsai (Ananas comosus var. microstachys L.) is an amazing herb which is used in traditional medicine by local people of Muara Lembu district as a potion to reduce pain while menstruation period for a women. The present work was designed to investigate its probable side effects on the histopathologic changes in limph and uterus tissues after treated with A. comosus var. microstachys L extract in female white rats. This is an experimental research consisted of five treatments and three repetitions. Treatment composed of two controls (P0 and P+) and given Nanas Bongsai extract with three different dosages. Histology result of lymph show that all treatments given with Nanas Bongsai with three different dosages have different diameter average of white pulp and there is no significant changes with normal control. While observation towards histology structure of endometrium thickness with dosage P1, dosage P2, dosage P3 is 206.333±33.486; 215.667±33.486; 197.667±60.871 respectively. The most thin endometrium layer found in treatment with dosage P3 compared to control P0. From this study showed that there is no toxic effect on uterus and lymph function of of Nanas Bonsai (A. comosus var. microstachys L.) at different doses, so the plant is secure for consumption by the community.
Selection of Cuculidae to the Hosts Based on the External Characteristics of the Eggs
Authors: Widodo Wahyu , Widiyaningrum Priyantini
Published: May 2018

Most of Cuculidae were known as parasitic birds, and they breed depend on their hosts. The obyective of the study was to know the external characteristics of the eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts which includes several components. e.i. shell color, shape, length, diameter and egg index. Those species of Cuculidae were Cacomantis merulinus lanceolatus, Cacomantis variolus sepulcralis, Surniculus lugubris lugubris and Eudynamys scolopaceus malayanus. There were 117 item of the bird egg reference’s collections in the Ornithology Laboratory, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, LIPI, in Cibinong, used as a research materials. Color and form the egg from every sample noted by pursuant to direct eyesight with the eye if possible and assisted with the magnifier, especially at flimsy spots egg’s color. The results shown that egg size of Cuculidae groups are bigger than their host eggs. Generally, the color variation of eggs of Cuculidae and their hosts are white or bluish white and their combination like as brown and greenish. The eggs shape of Cuculidae and host are similar, namely oval with IFO value about 73 - 75%.  The Cuculidae family pays attention to the color, spot pattern and shape of the host’s eggs in choosing the host for their own eggs. Though, there was also a tendency not to recognize the characteristic of the host’s egg. The studies represent an early stage in an attempt to strive the conservation of Cuculidae the bird hosts.
Preconceito e estereotipação na tradição literária ibérica: cantigas galego-portuguesas
Authors: De Oliveira Ulisses
Published: May 2018

A literatura tem sido especialmente importante na construção do pensamento e desenvolvimento humano. Partindo dessa perspectiva, a ideologia é uma dimensão contextual de ordem superior que está diluída no texto literário e, ao mesmo tempo, é construída pelo gênio de autores ao longo dos séculos. Portanto, ao nos depararmos com um dilema ideológico como o surgimento, a mudança, a perpetuação e as consequências do preconceito e estereotipação em nossa sociedade, é natural questionar o papel da literatura na criação e recriação de paradigmas ideológicos fundantes. O presente artigo pretende apresentar um ideário inicial da tradição literária ibérica, refletido nas cantigas galego-portuguesas, para compreender a representação do preconceito e estereotipação na época e a herança ideológica que influenciou autores até a contemporaneidade.
Loss of Elongation-Like Factor 1 Spontaneously Induces Diverse, RNase H-Related Suppressor Mutations in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Marayati Bahjat F , Drayton Alena L , Tucker James F , Huckabee Reid H , Anderson Alicia M , Pease James B , Zeyl Clifford W , Zhang Ke
Published: May 2018

A healthy individual may carry a detrimental genetic trait that is masked by another genetic mutation. Such suppressive genetic interactions, in which a mutant allele either partially or completely restores the fitness defect of a particular mutant, tend to occur between genes that have a confined functional connection. Here we investigate a self-recovery phenotype in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, mediated by suppressive genetic interactions that can be amplified during cell culture. Cells without Elf1, an AAA+ family ATPase, have severe growth defects initially, but quickly recover growth rates near to those of wild-type strains by acquiring suppressor mutations. elf1Δ cells accumulate RNAs within the nucleus and display effects of genome instability such as sensitivity to DNA damage, increased incidence of lagging chromosomes, and mini-chromosome loss. Notably, the rate of phenotypic recovery was further enhanced in elf1Δ cells when RNase H activities were abolished and significantly reduced upon overexpression of RNase H1, suggesting that loss of Elf1-related genome instability can be resolved by RNase H activities, likely through eliminating the potentially mutagenic DNA–RNA hybrids caused by RNA nuclear accumulation. Using whole genome sequencing, we mapped a few consistent suppressors of elf1Δ including mutated Cue2, Rpl2702, and SPBPJ4664.02, suggesting previously unknown functional connections between Elf1 and these proteins. Our findings describe a mechanism by which cells bearing mutations that cause fitness defects and genome instability may accelerate the fitness recovery of their population through quickly acquiring suppressors. We propose that this mechanism may be universally applicable to all microorganisms in large-population cultures.
The Necessity of the Digital Single Market Strategy for Small Media Markets: Case of the Biggest Video-on-Demand Platforms in Lithuania and Estonia
Authors: Dabrovolskas Audrius
Published: May 2018

This article analyzes the biggest Lithuanian and Estonian video-on-demand (VOD) platforms including Telia, their capabilities for fostering European film production and mass media in general. It is important to accentuate that non-linear TV and VOD services are attracting more and more users in Europe, and it is even considered that VOD could become a strong competitor for theatrical releases in film distribution, while, in the context of mass media, the growth of users might be associated with potential threats of propaganda, which still has its own distribution mechanisms within linear TV. However, the audiovisual content that is being supplied for the users of VOD platforms and TV is also regulated by the Audiovisual Media Service Directive (AVMSD). Without regulation, the users of VOD platforms and TV might face a limited choice of audiovisual content. Therefore, the Digital Single Market (DSM) strategy is aimed at creating a single market in Europe and eliminating the geo-blocking that limits user abilities to use VOD services during travel across borders while also establishing better access to digital goods and services at the same time. Looking from the perspective of the VOD platform, a DSM strategy might bring about a monopolization of VOD services in Europe; in that case, the little markets of the Baltic States would suffer. Another important issue that small media markets come across is related to the level of propaganda that is being transmitted from Russian TV channels that are registered in different EU countries. The article argues, and the research results show, that a DSM strategy and the elimination of geo-blocking do not eliminate the problem of fostering European audiovisual content that is and could be available to the users of VOD platforms in Lithuania and Estonia, and that these measures do not pay significant attention to EU’s consumer protection issues.