bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Viscosity Correlations for Iraqi Crude Oils
Authors: AL-Head Aliaa Kamil , Waheem Khalida Jameel
Published: May 2021

One of the important properties in identification of reservoir performance is viscosity which is defined as the resistance to internal friction of the molecules of the fluid, and friction created as a result of attraction forces between the fluid molecules which resist the fluid flow and restrict it. It is necessary for running simulation, or( building reservoir model )fluid flow through porous media and pipelines, well testing and design of production equipment.

 

  The factors that affect the fluid viscosity are: -

Gas Oil Ratio.

Reservoir Pressure and Temperature.

API-gravity.

There are empirical relationships for estimating viscosity above, at, and below the bubble point pressure. In this study, a new correlations are suggested by correlating the experimentally PVT data for Iraqi crude oils from North, Middle, and South oil fields. One hundred and eleven laboratory tests were used to formulate these new empirical correlations.

A final correlations (above, at, and below the bubble point) have been established by nonlinear regression technique, and the correlations were tested by statistical error analysis results. Good agreement  was shown between the experimental viscosities and calculated viscosities using new correlations.
تقييم أداء أنظمة الحماية الكاثودية (الانودات المضحية والتيار المسلط ) في ظروف العراق البيئية المختلفة.
Authors: احمد عمر اكرم , نعمان رياض محمد , عفن كريم بهلول , حسن هاشم قاسم , قاسم مثنى محمود , أسعد خالد وليد
Published: May 2021

الحماية الكاثودية هي وسيلة لحماية السطوح الخارجية للمعادن من التآكل أينما وجدت هذه المعادن مغمورة في المياه أو مدفونة تحت الأرض والهدف الرئيسي للبحث هو القيام بدراسة متكاملة عن أداء عدد من منظومات الحماية الكاثودية وطبيعة الوسط الذي تعمل به في مناطق مختلفة من العراق (مقاومية التربة , كمية الأملاح TDS, مقاومية الترسبات الطينية التي تتكون حول ركائز أرصفة الموانئ) وهذه الدراسة تصلح أن تكون قاعدة بيانات أولية للاستفادة منها في دعم الدراسات الموسعة في هذا المجال مستقبلاً.   

ولانجاز خطة البحث لتقييم منظومات الحماية الكاثودية بنوعيها (الانودات المضحية والتيار المسلط) والظروف البيئية المختلفة المحيطة بالهياكل الحديدية المحمية جرى العمل على النحو التالي:-

قام فريق البحث بزيارات متكررة إلى شركة مصافي الشمال والى ميناء خور الزبير وأجرى تقييم لأداء عدد من منظومات الحماية الكاثودية العاملة هناك (نوع الانودات المضحية)وتم توثيق المعلومات التي تتعلق بأداء هذه المنظومات والوسط المحيط بالهياكل الحديدية المطلوب حمايتها وهي:-

الجهد الكهربائي الذي تجهزه المنظومات إلى الهياكل الحديدية المحمية.

مقاوميه التربة (الترسبات الطينية المحيطة بركائز أرصفة الموانئ ).

كمية الأملاح (TDS) لمياه خور الزبير ومن ثم حساب ألمقاوميه لها.

صممت ونفذت منظومات حماية كاثودية بنوعيها (الانودات المضحية والتيار المسلط) لحماية أنبوب من الفولاذ الكاربوني غير مغلف بطول5) متر وقطر4 أنج) في موقع مركز البحوث الكيمياوية والبتروكيمياوية في مجمع الجادرية وتم تقييم عمل هذه المنظومات ومراقبتها عن قرب يومياً وتوثيق المعلومات وكمايلي:

قياس جهد الأنبوب قبل وبعد تشغيل منظومات الحماية الكاثودية.

قياس مقاومية ورطوبة التربة المحيطة بالأنبوب المحمي على أعماق مختلفة.

تم استخدام جهاز قياس الفولتية بمقاومة داخلية عالية وأقطاب فحص للتقييم والمعايرة.
معالجة العناصر الملوثة في التربة في مصفى الدورة
Authors: جمعة سندس هادي , جاسم احمد صبيح
Published: May 2021

في هذا البحث تم دراسة امكانية ازالة بعض العناصر الثقيلة من التربة الملوثة بها مثل الرصاص، الفناديوم، النحاس، الزرنيخ والقصدير بعد غسل التربة الملوثة بالماء لمدة ثلاثة ايام، حيث كانت نسبة ازالة العناصر مقاربة الى 30% ومن ثم استخدام طريقة استخلاص هذه العناصر بأضافة المحلول المائي لملح   بتراكيز مختلفة (Na2EDTA)

(0.01, 0.014, 0.02, 0.024, 0.03)  

  حيث وجد ان اعلى نسبة ازالة كانت لعنصر القصدير 89% والرصاص 82%، النحاس 92% ، الزرنيخ 84%، والفناديوم 94% خلال فترة 11 يوم من     المعالجة وعند دالة حامضية مستقرة على التعادل عند تركيز (0.03M(

من المحلول المائي لملح (Na2EDTA)

والتي وصل عندها تركيز العناصر الى مستوى اقل من الحد المسموح به في التربة حسب المحددات البيئية.
Removal of Benzene and Toluene from their Polluted Aqueous solutions by using Natural Adsorbent
Authors: Rauof Abdul Latif Mohammed , Hammud Kafa Khalaf , Mohammed Jassim Mahdi , Akosh Nibras Abdul Hussain , Hamza Faehaa Mseer , Hassan Mustafa Salah , Omran Nasir Mohammed , Zanad Duraid Essa , Ammen Eman Wageh
Published: May 2021

Low cost activated carbon was produced from available consumed black tea with microwavetechnique and employed as an effective adsorbent for removal of benzene (Bz) and toluene (T) fromwater. The resulted activated carbon was characterized by utilizing dye (methylene blue (MB) andmethyl violet (MV)) adsorption procedures and several techniques such as Fourier transform Infrared(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Rays diffraction (XRD). Commercial activatedcarbon and filter sand as individual and blend samples were also subjected to adsorption of MB, MV,Bz, and T. All obtained results were tabulated and discussed after qualitative and quantitativedeterminations by applying ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) for MB and MV dyes, and gaschromatography (GC) instrumentations for Bz and T.
Increasing production of gasoline and diesel fuel in medium and small refineries to meet the needs of Iraqi market
Authors: Imran Dr. Aed Jaber , Abdul jabbar Dr. Adnan
Published: May 2021

Iraq is considered one of the countries exporters of oil in the world, but the output of motors fuels from the refined crude oil less than (45 wt %), which is associated with the lack of Iraqi refineries with secondary processes.Iraq consist of five big capacity crude oil refineries which include (atmospheric crude distillation, hydrotreating, catalytic reforming and isomerization) and produce high quality motors fuel, in addition five medium and five small in capacity crude oil refineries include only atmospheric crude distillation which produce low quality raw products (light and heavy naphtha, light gasoil and reduced crude).The total capacity of Iraqi oil in the last years changed from 28 to 35 million ton/year. Most of our refineries include old equipment, but in spite of the annual maintenance for these refineries the motor fuels products could not able to cover all the Iraqi requirements of motor fuels 27 million ton/year.In these refineries produce reduced crude (fuel oil) in large quantity and because of this, Iraq imports gasoline fuel (30 wt%) of its requirements and LPG (17 wt%) of its requirements.This situation impose on us to increase the output products quantity from the Iraqi crude oil by development the medium and small capacity refineries via installation thermal processes units instead of vacuum distillation units, by this actual research we will find that the deep of refinery will increase from 54 to 70 wt%, and production of motor fuel will change from 45 to 68 wt%.Purpose of the work: development of the flowchart which is applied in Iraqi small capacity refineries (1.3 – 1.4 million Ton/year) by installation thermal cracking units to produce maximum allowable yield and quality of motors fuels.This research depends on actual experiments which are done by me in Ufa state petroleum technological university on actual crude oil and reduced crude brought from Iraqi‘s refineries from the oil fields Basrah (Zubair) and Kirkuk.
Matching Well Test Data with Computer Model
Authors: Aljawad Dr. Mohamed Saleh , Hlaeel Dr. Mohamed , Dawood Abdul-Mohaimin Abbas , Ali Alya‘a Mahmood , Nsaeef Hiba Ala‘a
Published: May 2021

This project concerning with matching the well test data for one of Buzurgan wells the objective of make matching is to see if the observed data of the well test as same as the calculated one by using the mathematical model we made by using computer program.The well test data was available for matching was consist of three build up test two of them have a record for the well head pressure and bottom hole pressure and one just contain a record for the well head pressure so after matching we can make correlation to find the bottom hole pressure for the test haven‘t BHP values .By using Eclipse program we build a mathematical model for the well BU-6The model consist of six layer (MA, MB11, MB12, MB21, MC1and MC2) and we take r=1, theta=10,we use the available data in Buzurgan field reports and then we enter the well test data and see the result of matching between the observed and the calculated one.From the matching we see that there was good matching between the two data, the matching was for the production and the bottomhole flowing pressure and the two was matched with the observed one.In order to make the matching very well we make change in permeability and increase its value by 20% and this change was very good to the matching of the production data and we also change the skin factor to -3.6 and that effect on the pressure matching and make it very well.
Utilizing OF Thermal Energy OF Gas Turbines Exhaust Gases Working IN Petroleum Sector
Authors: Amori Dr. Karima E. , Hussain Dr. Mohammad N. , Abdulwahab Zainab T. , Ali Wafa O.
Published: May 2021

The gas turbine stations are used in petroleum sector for different application, such as compressing of gas, pumping of crude oil or water, and power generation. The main parts of these stations are compressor, combustion chamber, and gas turbine. The compressor provides a compressed air for combustion process, and for cooling process of different parts of the station. The fuel (liquid or gas fuel) is injected into the combustion chamber to perform the combustion process. The resulted hot flue gases are passed to the gas turbine to convert its' thermal energy into rotational mechanical energy to operate the air and gas compressors, crude oil or water pumps, and to generate electricity.This work concerns with the applicability of utilizing the thermal energy content in flue gases exit from the gas turbine by adopting a field data received from one of the operating stations in north Oil Company in Iraq. The flue gases mass flow rate, and its' available energy have been calculated. Different operational conditions have been selected to produce superheated steam such as operating pressure range of (0.36-1.4 MPa), with a range of superheated temperature differs than the corresponding saturation temperature by (10-60 oC) for each selected pressure. This work is also concerned with the possibility of producing of hot water for a pressure range of (0.36-1.4 MPa) with a temperature lower than the corresponding saturation temperature by (5 oC). The results show that the power produced reaches (1.4-3.3 MW). Also the hot water produced reaches 90000 kg/hr at operating pressure of 0.36MPa.

The obtained results in this work are interesting since an elimination of thermal pollution by exhaust gases is accomplished. The available energy in these gases has been utilized to produce either superheated steam or hot water without consuming a conventional fuel.ntroductionI -
Improving Gas to Liquid production by Associated Gases
Authors: Ebrahimi Hadi , Zamaniyan Akbar , Forsat Khaled
Published: May 2021

Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) is a process for converting natural gas into synthetic oil, which can be further processed into fuels and other hydrocarbon-based products. The total GTL plant is self-sufficient. Therefore most of the required utilities provided, too. High energy cost is the main driving force behind currently increasing interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the conversion of GTL. The catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 Syngas mixtures leads to a large variety of products such as paraffins, olefins, alcohols, and aldehydes. The process uses mainly natural gas. However, other gases fuels could also be employed. Three-fourths of Iraq's natural gas resources are associated with oil. Meanwhile, Majnoon oil production is generating significant amounts of associated gas that was usually flared while different options to abate flaring are under review. The current article presents using a 10 MM m3 annually associated gases in the southern part of Iraq in 3000 BPD GTL plant. The simulation of the plant shows that the added associated gas which is currently flared could increase the productivity and there is no need to send it to the flares. Research Institute of Petroleum Industry has a license of the GTL process, both fixed-bed and slurry types.
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of Ni-Al \ YSZ Composite Coatings by An Electrochemical Investigation
Authors: Jassim I . K . , Alzubaydi Thair Latif , Al-Khuzaie Sanaa Riyadh
Published: May 2021

The composite coating is used to protect carbon steel pipeline from corrosion by Surfacemodification using thermal spraying technique to enhance the corrosion resistance of carbonsteel. In this study the influence of sour hydrocarbon on carbon steel was investigated onsamples taken from Alloys with (API 5L) that used for oil transport pipe lines in North OilCompany in Kirkuk fields and specifically from well (No. K-130) which the oil sample wasbrought as well. The cermets coating (Ni-Al /ZrO2-8Y2O3) were prepared in different mixingratios of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) with Ni-Al as a self-bonding. Several mixing ratios ofthe binder (Ni-Al) were used to prepare the cermets for thermal spraying coating namely 15%and 50%. In order to study the effect of roughness on the binding of the cermets and hence thecorrosion behavior of the carbon steel another specimen was mechanically abraded to a surfacefinish 800 grit by SiC paper and the cermets mixing ratio (50% YSZ+ 50% Ni-Al) .The thermalspraying gun was located in an angle of 90º in front of the carbon steel specimen and the distancebetween them was 16 cm. The corrosion behavior of the modified surface in comparison withuntreated one was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Two electrochemical techniques(DC and AC techniques) were used. The AC technique was potentiodynamic cyclic polarizationusing Solatron 1287, USA) potentiostat/galvanostate. The EIS measurements for all coatedspecimens show enhancement in the impedance parameters (total impedance |Z|, polarizationresistance (Rp) and the capacitance (C)) comparing to the uncoated one. The cermets thermallysprayed coating show improvement in the corrosion parameters.
An Experimental Investigation of Combustion Emissions and Diesel Engine Performance of Water in Diesel Nano Emulsion Fuel
Authors: Hamadi Adel Sharif Hamadi , Dhahad Hayder Abed Dhahad , Khudhur Ali Ghufran Khudhur
Published: May 2021

Water in Diesel Nano-Emulsions (WiDNE) fuel are an important environmental fuelsfor decreasing the combustion pollution of diesel engines. WiDNE fuel is a dispersionstable thermodynamic and kinetic system consisting of diesel oil, surfactant and waterphase. WiDNE fuel due to their nano scale droplet size (20–200 nm) and large surface areaburns more completely and hence a reduction in emissions than straight diesel.The objective of this project is to evaluate the combustion characteristics of WiDNE fuelprepared by rotor-stator homogenizer using mixed surfactants based on nonionicemulsifiers Span™ 80, Tween™ 80. Direct injection (DI), Fiat engine was used and run at1500 rpm, constant fuel pressure (400 bar) with varying the operation load.Multi gas analyzer model 4880 was used to measure the concentration of the emissiongases such as NOx, unburned total hydrocarbon HC, CO2 and CO. The AVL-415 meter wasused for smoke emissions. The experimental results of WiDNE imposes the capability toimprove fuel properties, the engine efficiency as well as reduction of gas emissions.
تحديد الفوالق الرئيسة على قبة كثكة (تركيب باي حسن) باستخدام تقنيات التحسس النائي
Authors: المفتي TORHAN MUDHER , قنبر AQEEL WAHBI
Published: May 2021

يعتبر تركيب باي حسن من التراكيب النفطية الرئيسة لشركة نفط الشمال والمنطقة الشمالية، ويتكون هذا التركيب من قبتين (كثكه، داود) ركزت الدراسة الحالية على قبة كثكه كونها ظاهرة على السطح وتحوي العديد من الفوالق. ولغرض تحديد الفوالق الرئيسة تم الاستعانة ببرنامج ERMAPPER V.7 مع بيانات فضائية رقمية من منظومة (Landsat7-ETM) وعلى هذا الاساس تم تحديد الفوالق الرئيسة (عشرة مجاميع) وتحديد مدى تأثير بعض منها تحت السطح وخاصة تغير مستويات G.O.C لابار129  BH- و BH-7.
Determination of sulfide production by Reducing Bacteria isolated in the injection water of an Iraqi oil field
Authors: Mahdi Najwa H. , Al-Tamimi Wijdan H. , Al-Jawad Mohammed S.
Published: May 2021

Several oilfields undergo to reservoir souring, typically during water injection for secondary recovery, resulted in increasing concentrations of produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The main reason for this is the mechanism of generating hydrogen sulfide are the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). These bacteria use sulfate (So4) in the injection water as an electron acceptor and use organic acids which exist in formation water as a source of energy and carbon to generate H2S. In addition to that, the issues of health and safety, the existence of H2S decreases the worth of the produced hydrocarbon. The present study includes isolation and enumeration of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) from the injection and produced water of Ahdeb oilfield in Iraq by using Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. The Laboratory experimental work for production of sulfide with mix cultures of these bacteria was performed also with sodium lactate as an energy source. The experiments were carried out to determine the concentration of sulfide versus consumption of lactate in vitro. The concentration of sulfide is determined by using spectrophotometer method, whereas; the concentration of sodium lactate is calculated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The experimental results demonstrates that the most numbers of bacteria in injection water are higher than the number in produced water samples.  Whilst, the production of sulfide by SRB presents that inversely correlated to the concentration of sodium lactate. The growth experiments shows that the SRB concentration is increased in areas where the energy source and sulfate have high concentrations. Also, there is a direct relationship between SRB concentration and sulfide production. Therefore, the water injection from these bacteria must be treated before the injection to the reservoir to provide all the condition of SRB growth.
Estimation of Porosity and Permeability by using Conventional Logs and NMR Log in Mishrif Formation/Buzurgan Oil Field
Authors: Al-Janaee Hiba M. , Al-shahwan Muwafaq F.
Published: May 2021

Permeability and porosity values regarded as important fundamentals in the petroleum studies and researches especially for the interests in the reservoir topics, many methods and tools were founded for this purpose from time to time. The modern log technology one of this tools but consumes more time and financial possibilities in addition to the experts, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tools which considered one of the unconventional logs, so that, for this it was necessary to find a method to get the permeability and porosity values for the NMR log by using the conventional logs, note that it has been confirmed the modern studies the high accuracy and reliability for the NMR permeability and NMR porosity. Because the importance of this values , this study deals with the possibility of get these values from the conventional logs with these from NMR log, because of ease dealing with conventional logs and ease of getting it. After making the data analyses and processing this study results that led to putting many transformation formulas which give high correlations to high accuracy applying for this values in the researching and applying aspects and relating with reservoir prediction and modeling which connecting with drilling and producing works. The carbonate Mishrif Fm.  In the Buzurgan oil field was selected to achieve this study by chose four oil production wells(Bu-40, Bu-51, Bu-52) in the south and north domes, in the future facilitate the prediction ways  for any well has been logged by the open hole logs.
Lithofacies Characterization of the Early – Middle Miocene Succession, Case-Study, South Iraq
Authors: Saleh Dr. Afrah Hassan , Awadeesian Awadees M. R.
Published: May 2021

The Early – Middle Miocene Ghar and Lower Fars sedimentary succession at the representative oil-well Nu-18 of the Nahr Umr oil field south Iraq; is taken by this study to investigate the sedimentological to reservoir rock facies buildups and related reservoir zonation; as first rock-typing attempt for the both formations.

The sedimentological characterization of the Early Miocene Ghar formation is mainly comprised by successive buildups of sands-gravels and sandstones, whereas; the Middle Miocene Lower Fars formation is started by limestone, limestone-marly/marl anhydritic, upgraded into interbedded-series of marl and anhydrite facies, with less-common occurrences of thin-sandstone interlayers, terminated by marl-sandy-section at the upper part of the Formation. 

A successive depositional succession has established of 2 litho-units for Ghar Formation & 4 members for Lower Fars Formation, with related sedimentary intervals. The composite micro-to-mega pores/multi-fractures system of the carbonate – anhydrite lithofacies buildups, of the Lower Fars Formation reflects a good pore – reservoir characterization framework. Accordingly; the Lower Fars Formation members and the Ghar Formation litho-units has passed into reservoir-layering-scheme, and a reservoir layering system has submitted of: 7 and 2 reservoir-units for Lower Fars and Ghar formations respectively, and symbolized as: LF-B1, LF-B21, LF-B22, LF-B23, LF-C1, LF-D1, LF-D2, and GH-A, GH-B.
Levels of Mercury in oil companies and relation of them with the other elements for avoid side effect on the extraction and refining operation and environment
Authors: Ali Najwa Saleem , Mohsen Hassan Noori , Abd Khalid Rasheed
Published: May 2021

For the first time in Iraq,  the estimation of the mercury amount in all the establishments of oil mininstry, is stuided in this wrok.

It was found that the presence of mercury in the crude oil, theassociated gas, and the associated water as well as in most flare gases. Also, it was observed that the concentration of mercury on the surface of the soil near the flame is increased its concentration in winds of the flame, where most of the days of the year the wind is coming from the north West towards the south-east.

The test of mercury has become a global provision to determine its quantity in crude oil and natural gas, which is required the effective ways, led by the Technical Department of the Ministry of Oil to request the petroleum research and development center to determine the amount of mercury in a number of oil companies.

This work is proposed by the analytical department of the petroleum research and development center where the cold testing device was imported for the determination of the tiny amount of mercury in gases, liquids and soil and the detection limit in Nano grams. It is the first device operating in the oil sector using for the determination of mercury amount.

However, the search results and quantification of mercury, important relationships were identified in terms of the presence of mercury and other crude oil components or tests on crude oil. It was found that there is a correlation between the concentration of mercury and the sulfur content in oil.

       Mercury is a volatile substance either vapor, dust, or sulfuric. Therefore, the oil gas contains a percentage of mercury, over time, formed by the burning of the gas and the pollution of air and the soil surrounding the flame, which constitutes an environmental hazard that must be avoided in the future. In addition, the accompanying water has a significant content of mercury.
The Evaluation of Reservoir Quality of Mishrif Formation in South and North Domes of Buzurgan Oil Field
Authors: Jaafar Ali Duair , Nasser Dr. Medhat E.
Published: May 2021

Buzurgan field in the most cases regards important Iraqi oilfield, and Mishrif Formation is the main producing reservoir in this field, the necessary of so modern geophysical studies is necessity for description and interpret the petrophysical properties in this field.

Formation evaluation has been carried out for Mishrif Formation of the Buzurgan oilfield depending on logs data. The available logs data were digitized by using Neuralog software.

A computer processed interpretation (CPI) was done for each one of the studied wells from south and north domes using Techlog software V2015.3 in which the porosity, water saturation, and shale content were calculated. And they show that MB21 reservoir unit has the highest thickness, which ranges between (69) m in north dome to (83) m in south dome, and the highest porosity, between (0.06 - 0.16) in the north dome to (0.05 -0.21) in the south dome. The water saturation of this unit ranges between (25% -60%) in MB21 of north dome. It also appeared that the water saturation in the unit MB21 of south dome has the low value, which is between (16% - 25%).

From correlation, the thickness of reservoir unit MB21 increases towards the south dome, while the thickness of the uppermost barrier of Mishrif Formation increases towards the north dome. The reservoir unit MB21 was divided into 9 layers due to its large thickness and its important petrophysical characterization. The distribution of petro physical properties (porosity and water saturation) has shown that MB 21 has good reservoir properties.
Headmaster’s Strategy in Developing Environmental Care Character at SMA Negeri 9 Rejang Lebong
Authors: Sanjaya Ronald
Published: May 2021

This study aims to describe the headmaster’s strategy in developing students’ environmental care character. This study is descriptive qualitative. Subject of the study was SMA Negeri 9 Rejang Lebong’s headmaster. The research data were obtained by observation, interview and documentation. The data validity examination was used credibility test with triangulation. The data was analyzed by using data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. Based on research result it can be explained that SMA Negeri 9 Rejang Lebong use strategies in developing students’ environmental care character, those are: teaching-learning process, school culture, extracurricular and parents reinforcement.  Moreover, environmental care behavior is reflection of understanding and ability to apply it in daily life. Students’ behavior as the researcher explained such as garbage disposing in the appropriate place, daily picket activities and paying attention to social care for school elements and the environment
Covid-19 in a nursing student: Case report
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Yusuf Şerefoğlu Health Sciences Faculty, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Karataş Campus, Kilis/TURKEY, ÇELİK Melike YAVAŞ
Published: May 2021

Purpose: In this case report, it was aimed to reveal the experiences of a nursing student when she was diagnosed with covid-19. Design and Method: The study is a case report. The data were collected by interviewing a nursing student covid-19 patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. Finding: It was been determined to that she experience severe symptoms of covid-19 such as shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting in nursing student. In addition to physiological difficulties, our case had to face psychological problems such as lack of social support, loneliness, sadness and anxiety due to its isolated environment and the desire to protect its family. In addition, she had difficulties studying due to headache and muscle pain caused by covid-19. Results: In the case report, valuable findings about covid-19 were presented and in addition, the difficulties experienced by the nursing student when diagnosed with covid-19 were presented.
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in adult: A very uncommon occipital location
Authors:   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, IBN SINA University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Dani Bouchra , Sayad Zahra ,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, IBN SINA University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, Boulaadas Malik ,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, IBN SINA University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: May 2021

Rhabdomyosarcomeis a commun tumor in children with all its types (pleomorphic, embryonal,alveolarand spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma). However, it is a very rare tumor in adults, the commun type isthe pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma but it is very rare in the head and neck region. The diagnosis of the pleomorphic RMS is made by the histopathologic study, this shows the interest of a biopsy before the surgicalprocedure. The treatment of patients with malignant mesenchymal tumors of the head and neck region is multidisciplinary (radical surgery with postoperative radiotherapy and or chemotherapy) with poor prognosis.
Total thumb reconstruction by an original groin pocket flap-graft design
Authors:   Department of Plastic surgery, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, HôpitalRangueil, Toulouse, France, Lupon Elise , Lellouch Alexandre Gaston ,   Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Girard Paul ,   Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and AestheticSurgery, Hospital Sud, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Mansat Pierre ,   Department of Orthopedic and Traumatologic surgery, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Hospital Purpan, Toulouse, France, Grolleau Jean Louis ,   Department of Plastic surgery, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, HôpitalRangueil, Toulouse, France, Laloze Jérôme ,   Department of Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Limoges, France, Riot Samuel ,   Department of Plastic surgery, University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, HôpitalRangueil, Toulouse, France
Published: May 2021

Background: The thumb plays a key role in hand function for precise dexterity. The surgical treatment of full avulsions of the digital skin sheath by tearing (ring syndrome) is complex and the management of these lesions is challenging for the reconstructive surgeon. When replantation is not possible, other alternatives are available if the covering tissue is thin and flexible. Case presentation: A 30-year-old male, tobacco addict, had a thumbsequelae similar to a stage III ring finger. Revascularization attempt failed and the skin envelope necrosed secondarily. A groin pocket flapgraft allowed a conservation of his thumb with a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result. Conclusions: We described a thumb coverage by a groin flapgraft using an original pocket design. This simple and safe procedure, in the carefully selected patient can successfully address functional and aesthetic concerns simultaneously, with minimal sequelae at the donor site. This technique can be used to treat a cutaneous tearing of the other fingers.
Boris Groys’ Theory of Equal Rights in Aesthetics
Authors: Tang Shijia
Published: May 2021

The concept of aesthetic equality was put forward by Groys, one of the important contemporary art theorists and critics, against the background of the decline of multiculturalism and the emergence of the drawbacks of postmodernism. This concept is mainly aimed at the overcorrection of postmodernism, which regards the confrontation with mainstream culture and traditional values as a problem of political correctness. It refers to the equality of aesthetic judgment and aesthetic choice. Aesthetic value judgment can not be evaluated according to the commercial value in the market circulation, nor can it be evaluated only according to the cultural value in the art history, let alone whether it conforms to or resists the mainstream culture, it should be judged according to its directivity to the infinite possibility of the absence of image and art. According to Groys, aesthetic equality is not only an expression of artistic autonomy, but also an expression of artistic power. Different from other theorists' discussion of artistic autonomy in the framework of self-discipline or heteronomy, he regards it as a force of resistance and liberation, the contemporary phenomenon of political aestheticization and the politicization of aesthetics all show the function of this power.
BEFORE THE GREEKS:THE EARLIEST PHOENICIAN SETTLEMENT IN MOTYA - RECENT DISCOVERIES BY ROME «LA SAPIENZA» EXPEDITION
Authors: Nigro Lorenzo
Published: May 2021

I recenti scavi della Missione archeologica a Mozia della Sapienza nella Zona C hanno individuato il primo stanziamento fenicio, con una serie di pozzi e l’Edificio C8, i cui resti fotografano i momenti iniziali di vita della colonia fenicia nel secondo quarto dell’VIII secolo a.C.
Comportamiento vegetativo del culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.) empleando tres sustratos a nivel de vivero
Authors: Reyes Flores Francisco Giovanni , Alemán Gutiérrez Carolina
Published: May 2021

La especie Eryngium foetidum L, ha sido tradicionalmente utilizada con fines culinarios y medicinales, se ha cultivado en huertos caseros utilizando como sustrato el suelo existente sin ningún tipo de fertilización.  En este estudio el principal objetivo es determinar el comportamiento del desarrollo vegetativo de la especie de culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.) utilizando diferentes sustratos a nivel de vivero, ubicado en la Facultad de Recursos Naturales y el Ambiente de la Universidad Nacional Agraria en Managua Nicaragua. Se utilizó un diseño de bloque al azar con tres tratamientos que consistieron en tres sustratos: 1) suelo vegetal (100 %), 2) combinación (suelo vegetal + arena + bokashi) y 3) bokashi (100 %). Las variables evaluadas fueron prendimiento, longitud del tallo floral, longitud y ancho de hojas, las que fueron medidas a los 14, 28 y 60 días después de sembrados los tallos de culantro. EL mayor prendimiento de tallos obtenido se presentó en el sustrato suelo con el 90 %. Se muestran que los mayores valores tanto en longitud como el ancho y numero de hojas por planta lo presentó el tratamiento suelo. Se determinó el contenido de humedad a nivel de laboratorio obteniendo que el sustrato bokashi presenta el mayor valor con 75 %. En relación con la biomasa verde de la parte aérea y radicular de la planta el mejor resultado lo presenta el sustrato suelo vegetal con 36.7 g y en peso seco con 13.9 g. La mayor longitud de raíces se registró con el sustrato combinación.
Decolonising Teacher Education Curriculum in South African Higher Education
Authors: Ajani Oluwatoyin A. , Gamede Bongani T.
Published: May 2021

Calls for the decolonisation of higher education in South Africa gained prominence after the #Rhodesmustfall, #Feesmustfall and series of 2015-2016 students’ protests in South African higher institutions. Visible in the demands of the students during these protests was the need for the decolonisation of higher education curriculum to ensure reflection of diverse realities in South Africa. This led to various conferences in different parts of the Republic. However, while some scholars are clamouring for the need for decolonisation, others consider the desire for decoloniality and glocalization. Thus, the subject of decolonisation remains a debate in South African society. Meanwhile, decolonisation is still very much crucial. Seemingly, in the words of Steve Biko, decolonization should begin from the mind. Hence, this discursive study explores how pre-service teachers’ minds can be decolonised for realities in transforming South African higher education. The study adopts Critical Race Theory as a lens for this phenomenon. South African higher education curriculum has predominantly been Eurocentric and epistemic, reflecting Western dominance in post-apartheid South Africa. The study argues why and how South African higher education institutions can place teacher education at the centre of learning experiences, for students to adapt and maximize the realities in their contexts, and for responsive lived experiences. Thus, adding voices to a curriculum that promotes total rethink, reflections and reconstruction of students' minds in integrating the existing Eurocentrism and epistemic knowledge with African philosophy in higher education institutions.
Predictive models for estimation
of labyrinth weir aeration efficiency
Authors: Aradhana Aradhana , Singh B. , Sihag P.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to estimate the aeration efficiency (E20) of Labyrinth
weir using artificial intelligent (AI)-based models.
Design/methodology/approach: The aeration efficiency (E20) was collected by using
the nine models of Labyrinth weir with different shapes and dimensions. A total of 180
observations were used out of which 126 used to train the AI-based models and the
remaining used to test the model. This observation consists of input variables such as Fraud
number (Fr), Reynolds number (Re), numbers of keys (N), the ratio of head to the width of
the channel (H/W), the ratio of crest length to width of the channel (L/W), the ratio of drop
height to width of the channel (D/W) and shape factor (SF) and E20 as the output variables.
The AI-based models used were Fuzzy Logic, multi-linear regression (MLR), adaptive neurofuzzy
interface system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN).
Findings: The main findings of this investigation are that ANN is the best AI-based model
that can estimate the E20 accurately than MLR, ANFIS, and Fuzzy Logic. Sensitivity analysis
depicts that drop height at labyrinth weir is the essential factors for the estimation of E20;
further, parametric studies have also been performed.
Research limitations/implications: The proposed AI-based models can be used in the
estimation of E20 with different shapes of labyrinth weir but still it needs improvement for the
different dimensions.
Practical implications: The best AI-based model can be used to calculate the E20 with
the different values of input variables.
Originality/value: There are no such AI-based models such as ANN, ANFIS, and Fuzzy
Logic, available in the literature which can estimate the values of E20 accurately.
Investigation of internal efforts in the
components of the crop sprayer boom
section
Authors: Hevko R. , Stashkiv M. , Lyashuk O. , Vovk Y. , Oleksyuk V. , Tson O. , Bortnyk I.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Development results allow the defects in the boom section of a crop spraying
machine design to be found, the most loaded structural components to be determined and
the most suitable design parameters to be chosen.
Design/methodology/approach: Results of theoretical investigation of internal forces
distribution in the components of a boom section of a crop spraying machine in the static
statement of the problem have been presented. The applied under discussion enables the
static indeterminacy to be realized whilst calculating the complex frame structures though
it requires not only considerable records of the function of potential energy of deformation
(even without taking into account the function of potential energy of deformation of normal
and lateral forces) but application of applied computer programs. The technique of static
indeterminacy realization by minimum of potential energy of deformation (MPED) method
has been used to calculate the framework.
Findings: Technique of static indeterminacy realization by minimum of potential energy
of deformation (MPED) method has been used to calculate the framework. The results of
theoretical calculation and simulation of the boom section of a crop spraying machine have
been compared. The results of analytical calculation have been checked by the simulation of
3D model of the using the program complex «Lira-SAPR», where the finite elements method
(FEM) has been implemented.
Research limitations/implications: Horizontal components of the shear forces as well
as the normal forces and as a consequence the corresponding potential deformation energy
are neglected, which has some effect on the accuracy of the calculations.
Practical implications: An effective tool for strength analysis with preliminary assessment
and diagnostics structures based on the constructed calculation models of stress strain state
load-bearing frames of typical geometry with an arbitrarily given distribution of external load.
Originality/value: A universal algorithm records of the function of torque and bending
moment, as well as the function of potential deformation energy of a spraying machine boom
section.
Soziale Arbeit gegen Menschen- und Demokratiefeindlichkeit
Authors: Döcker Brigitte , Widmann Peter
Published: May 2021

Die seit einigen Jahren aggressiver auftretenden rechtspopulistischen Parteien und Organisationen fordern die Freie Wohlfahrtspflege in mehrfacher Weise heraus.
Rechtssichere Löschkonzepte
Authors: Knittel Patrick
Published: May 2021

Soziale Organisationen sind verpflichtet, geeignete technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen bei der Verarbeitung von personenbezogenen Daten umzusetzen. Das schließt auch Maßnahmen hinsichtlich ihrer baldigen Löschung ein - und das erfordert die Erstellung eines Löschkonzepts. Der Berliner IT-Experte Patrick Knittel zeigt, wie die gesetzlichen Vorgaben unternehmensintern sowohl rechtssicher als auch alltagstauglich umgesetzt werden können.
Stabilität und Wandel managen – gleichzeitig
Authors: Gesmann Stefan
Published: May 2021

Ambidextrie steht für: Beidhändigkeit. Prof. Dr. Stefan Gesmann von der FH Münster überträgt dieses Konzept auf das Management sozialer Organisationen. Denn einerseits sind sie darauf angewiesen, das vorhandene Kerngeschäft behutsam zu stabilisieren; andererseits müssen sie ständig Neues erforschen, um den Wünschen ihrer Nutzer, Mitarbeitenden, Finanzgeber und Märkte nachzukommen.
Der Weg zum guten Post
Authors: Appleton Sue
Published: May 2021

Ein Beitrag in den Sozialen Medien (»Post«) kann schnell große Wirkungen erreichen - oder kaum beachtet werden. Sue Appleton von der Kölner Webdesign Agentur do_loop zeigt in sieben Schritte, worauf soziale Organisationen achten sollten. Mittels Facebook und Co. können Menschen unmittelbar und emotional angesprochen werden. Gerade deshalb ist es wichtig, dass sich soziale Dienste und Einrichtungen mit Social Media auseinandersetzen, präsent sind und sie mitgestalten.
Lösungen für die Praxis
Authors: Schroll-Decker Irmgard
Published: May 2021

Ein neuer Sammelband versammelt Bestandteile des Personalmanagements. Strategien, Verfahren, Methoden und Instrumente sollen insbesondere kleineren Trägern praktische Modelle aufzeigen.
Strafanwendungsrecht in der digitalen Welt
Authors: Trentmann Christian H. W.
Published: May 2021

Gerade Straftaten im Zusammenhang mit dem Internet weisen einen nationalstaatlich entgrenzten, sprich transnationalen Kriminalitätscharakter auf. Beispiele sind illegale Inhalte auf Webseiten und Internetdienste, die weltweit abgerufen werden können, oder Fälle, in denen Provider oder Anbieter von Clouds ihre Server im Ausland haben. Die Folge der Kriminalitätstransnationalisierung in der digitalen Welt von heute ist, dass die Frage, welche nationale Rechtsordnung für eine Straftat gilt, und das internationale Strafrecht längst kein Schattendasein mehr fristet und „aus seinem Dornröschenschlaf geweckt worden“ ist. Dabei entrollte sich hierzulande insbesondere eine Diskussion um das Territorialitätsprinzip, genauer: um den Handlungs- und Erfolgsort bei Sachverhalten, die von einem Ausländer im Ausland ausgehen und über das Internet auch in Deutschland abrufbar sind (Internetdistanzfälle), und zwar speziell bei als abstraktes Gefährdungsdelikt strafbaren Fällen. Problematisch ist insofern, dass bei Tätern, selbst wenn diese gezielt ins Ausland gehen, um von dort aus über das Internet nach Deutschland zu agieren, mangels inländischen Handlungsortes und mangels bei abstrakten Gefährungsdelikten per se fehlenden Erfolgsortes, deutsches Strafrecht nicht zur Anwendung gebracht werden kann. Im Jahr 2000 entschied der 1. Senat des BGH jedoch im Fall Töben, in dem ein Australier von Australien aus über das Internet volksverhetzend i.S.d. § 130 StGB über das Internet publiziert hatte, dass deutsches Strafrecht anwendbar sei. 13 Jahre später zogen dies andere BGH- und OLG-Senate zunächst in Zweifel und haben nun in jüngerer Zeit eine ausdrückliche Kehrtwende gemacht. Zum einen ist aber die Entscheidung im Fall Töben erstaunlicherweise wirkmächtig geblieben, zum anderen stehen aktuell Gesetzesinitiativen des Bundesrats (BR-Drs. 27/16 bzw. BT-Drs. 18/8086 und BR-Drs. 52/18 bzw. BT-Drs. 19/1595) sowie weitere Gedanken im Raum, dass deutsche abstrakte Gefährdungsdelikte auch bei Internetdistanzfällen zur Anwendung kommen sollen. Die Diskussion war zu Ende, hat aber gerade wieder neu begonnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag überblickt zunächst kurz die Grundlagen der hiesigen Strafanwendungsrechtsdogmatik (dazu unter A.), zeichnet sodann die Entwicklung der Diskussion entlang der obergerichtlichen und insbesondere der BGH-Rechtsprechung (dazu unter B.) nach und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund schließlich die aktuellen Gesetzesinitiativen des Bundesrats unter internationalen und strafanwendungspraktischen Gesichtspunkten kritisch (dazu unter C.).
Landesrecht Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Hufen Friedhelm , Jutzi Siegfried , Hofmann Ekkehard
Published: May 2021

In übersichtlicher, systematischer und kompakter Form werden die wichtigsten ausbildungsrelevanten Teile des Verfassungs- und Verwaltungsrechts des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz behandelt. Hierzu gehören die Kernbereiche des Öffentlichen Rechts der staatlichen Pflichtfachprüfung – Staatsrecht (Jutzi), Grundlagen der Verwaltungsorganisation und des Verwaltungshandelns (Schröder), Kommunalrecht (Winkler), Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht (Ruthig) und Baurecht (Gurlit) – sowie weitere Sachgebiete, die vor allem für die juristischen Schwerpunktbereiche der rheinland-pfälzischen Universitäten bedeutsam sind – Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht (Ruthig), Umweltrecht (Kerkmann / Hofmann), Landesplanungsrecht (Gurlit), Kulturrecht (Hufen) und Medienrecht (Dörr). Zahlreiche Fallbeispiele sowie Hinweise zu prüfungsspezifischen Fragen schärfen das Verständnis für praktische Probleme und die Rechtsanwendung in der Klausur. Die Neuauflage berücksichtigt die zwischenzeitliche Rechtsentwicklung und neuere Rechtsprechung. Gänzlich neu einbezogen wurde das Bauplanungsrecht.

Neben Studierenden an den Universitäten und Fachhochschulen sowie Rechtsreferendaren können auch Richter, Verwaltungsbeamte, Rechtsanwälte, Verbandsjuristen und interessierte Nichtjuristen das Buch gewinnbringend nutzen.
On the genus Hamma Buckton, 1905 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Equatorial Africa, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Durante Antonio , Bayendi Loudit Sandrine Mariella , Susini Antonio
Published: May 2021

As part of the classification of Membracidae from Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, a new species group of the genus Hamma Buckton, 1905 is proposed, and three new species are described: Hamma nigrum sp. nov., Hamma spinellii sp. nov. and Hamma caneparii sp. nov. An updated checklist and key to the genus Hamma are provided.
A Irreversibilidade do Tempo e o Espírito de Vingança: Problemas para a proposta de um Eterno Retorno
Authors: Smolniakof Barbara
Published: May 2021

Este artigo discute a problemática que serve como ponto de partida para trazer à tona o eterno retorno em Assim Falou Zaratustra. Ele se constitui de dois tópicos, cada um apresentando uma parte do problema que Nietzsche via na noção linear de tempo e que justifica ele propor uma perspectiva alternativa de tempo que leva em consideração a relação que o próprio homem estabelece com o fenômeno da temporalidade, reconhecendo-a como a condição de possibilidade para a criação de valores e, consequentemente, a afirmação da vontade através desta criação.