bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Making-of”: Latin American Cinema Performs Itself
Authors: Matusiak Thomas
Published: October 2024

This essay reviews the following documentaries:

Años luz. Dir. Manuel Abramovich. Prod. Rei Cine, El Deseo, Bananeira Filmes. Argentina-Spain-Brazil, 2017. 72 minutes. Distributed by Grasshopper Film.

Como el cielo después de llover. Dir. Mercedes Gaviria. Prod. Gentil, Invasión Cine. Colombia-Argentina, 2020. 73 minutes. Distributed by Pragda.

El Father como sí mismo. Dir. Mo Scarpelli. Prod. Ardimages, Rake Films, La Faena Films. Venezuela-Italy-United Kingdom-United States, 2020. 105 minutes. Distributed by Grasshopper Film.

Rodaje. Dir. Samuel Moreno Álvarez. Prod. Monociclo Cine, Trópico Atómico Films. Colombia, 2023. 42 minutes.
Why We Need Minimum Wages: Pay, Recognition, and Economic Citizenship
Authors: SCHEMMEL CHRISTIAN , PICOT GEORG
Published: October 2024

Statutory minimum wages have become an important tool for regulating labor markets. One major reason is the decline in collective wage bargaining. But how can minimum wages be justified? We show that their best justification does not lie in their economic effects but in the respect for social contributors that they express. The article takes an innovative interdisciplinary approach, bridging political philosophy and comparative political economy. We first discuss existing justifications in political practice and theory. We then show how a distinctive and robust justification should regard minimum wages as paying necessary respect to those who fulfill their obligation to contribute to social cooperation. Our justification thus suggests a new concept of economic citizenship and advances recognition theory applied to work. We outline further implications of the argument, such as the desirability of setting minimum wages through collective bargaining, and a tentative case for a maximum income.
Is Schistosoma mansoni playing a part in liver carcinogenesis?
Authors: Jain S.
Published: October 2024

The relationship between Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been evaluated by many studies that point towards a co-relation between schistosomal infection and HCC. While many such studies demonstrated that Sm infection in the presence of another carcinogenic factors leads to HCC, none of these studies could conclusively prove the cancer-inducing ability of Sm in humans, independent of other carcinogenic factors. The aim of this work is to present the current understanding on the association of Sm with HCC. Many epidemiological, pathological, and clinical studies have shown the role of multiple events like chronic inflammation and fibrosis as well as hepato-toxic agents like soluble egg antigens (SEAs), which help in creating a micro-environment which is suitable for HCC development. The role of Sm infection and deposited eggs in causing persistent inflammation, advanced fibrosis, and the role of SEAs, especially IPSE/alpha-1, is emphasised. This work concludes that Sm infection has the potential to induce cancer independently but the same has not been reported in humans to date. Extensive research is required to establish a causal relationship between Sm infection and HCC induction, or a complete lack thereof. However, Sm infection definitely acts along with other carcinogenic factors to induce HCC at a much faster pace and also leads to an aggressive form of liver cancer, which the other carcinogenic factor could not have achieved alone.
Cassiopea andromeda (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) in the subtropical eastern Atlantic
Authors: Gueroun Sonia K. M. , Moura Carlos J. , Almansa Eduardo , Escánez Alejandro
Published: October 2024

This study provides the first records of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) in the eastern Atlantic supported by molecular analysis. Specimens were observed, recorded, and sampled in an inland aquaculture facility in September 2023 in Tenerife Island (Canary Islands). This new record officially demonstrates the geographical expansion of C. andromeda, and the introduction of a new potential invasive species in the Macaronesia oceanic island system.
EXCAVATIONS IN THE ANCIENT THEATRE OF SPARTA, 2008
Authors: Vasilogamvrou Adamantia , Morgan Catherine , Diamanti Kalliopi , Loughlin Thomas , Moutafi Ioanna , Pitt Robert K. , Valente Rossana
Published: October 2024

This article presents the results of the 2008 excavation in the ancient theatre of Sparta conducted by the British School at Athens and the Ephorate of Antiquities of Laconia. Focused on the west side of the cavea, work aimed to locate the southern edge of the Late Antique settlement between the theatre and the sanctuary of Athena Chalkioikos; to establish the northern limits of the Late Antique settlement over the former orchestra; and to establish a more precise ceramic characterisation and chronology for the Early–Middle Byzantine period in Sparta. The area between settlement clusters on the acropolis and over the former orchestra was essentially open, with just a Byzantine terrace wall and path recorded. In the north-west part of the former cavea, a tomb built in the late eighth or early ninth century AD was used at least until the late thirteenth century for the burial of c. 29 individuals. This article presents the first results of a bioarchaeological study of the human remains, and studies of Byzantine pottery from the tomb interior and from the backfill of the pit in which the tomb was built (the latter including a notable quantity of Early Byzantine domestic ware). The 2008 findings are set in the larger context of research on post-antique phases in the theatre (drawing on the British School at Athens Archive) and on the material culture and urban topography of Byzantine Sparta. Almost all excavated contexts contained residual material of all periods. The article concludes with short catalogues of material which pre-dates the construction of the theatre and of inscriptions of all periods.
Research on obstacle avoidance of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle based on offline reinforcement learning
Authors: Liu Tao , Huang Junhao , Zhao Jintao
Published: October 2024

The autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are essential for ensuring their safe navigation and long-term, efficient operation. However, the complexity of the marine environment poses significant challenges to safe and effective obstacle avoidance. To address this issue, this study proposes an AUV obstacle avoidance control algorithm based on offline reinforcement learning. This method adopts the Conservative Q-learning (CQL) algorithm, which is based on the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) framework. It learns from obtained historical obstacle avoidance data and ultimately achieves a favorable obstacle avoidance control strategy. In this method, PID and SAC control algorithms are utilized to generate expert obstacle avoidance data to construct a diversified offline database. Additionally, based on the line-of-sight (LOS) guidance method and artificial potential field (APF) method, information regarding the distance and orientation of targets and obstacles is incorporated into the state space, and heading and obstacle avoidance reward terms are integrated into the reward function design. The algorithm successfully guides the AUV in autonomous navigation and dynamic obstacle avoidance in three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the algorithm exhibits a certain degree of anti-interference capability against uncertain disturbances and ocean currents, enhancing the safety and robustness of the AUV system. Simulation results fully demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the intelligent obstacle avoidance method based on offline reinforcement learning. This study highlights the profound significance of offline reinforcement learning in enabling robust and reliable control systems for AUVs, paving the way for enhanced operational capabilities in challenging marine environments.
Nuclear bilateral telerobotic systems: performance comparison and future implications
Authors: Tugal Harun , Abe Fumiaki , Sakamoto Masaki , Shirai Shu , Caliskanelli Ipek , Liu Wenxing , Marin-Reyes Hector , Zhang Kaiqiang , Skilton Robert
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of two nuclear-rated bilateral telerobotic systems, Telbot and Dexter, focusing on critical performance metrics such as effort transparency, stiffness, and backdrivability. Despite the absence of standardized evaluation methodologies for these systems, this study identifies key gaps by experimentally assessing the quantitative performance of both systems under controlled conditions. The results reveal that Telbot exhibits higher stiffness, but at the cost of greater effort transmission, whereas Dexter offers smoother backdrivability. Furthermore, positional discrepancies were observed during the tests, particularly in nonlinear positional displacements. These findings highlight the need for standardized evaluation methods, contributing to the development, manufacturing, and procurement processes of future bilateral telerobotic systems.
An exceptional burial in a closed churchyard: St Mary and St Eanswythe, Folkestone
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: October 2024

On 6 December 2023, seven-year-old William Brown was struck and killed by a hit-and-run driver when he was retrieving his football from the road outside his home. A Year 3 pupil at St Eanswythe's Church of England Primary School in Folkestone, he had walked through the grounds of St Mary and St Eanswythe's Church every day on his way to school and had attended services there. His parents wanted to bury him in the churchyard, but although the Vicar was willing to conduct the burial, the churchyard had been closed by Order in Council in 1857 under the provisions of the Burial Act 1855, with only one exception being made for a burial in 1898. Because the churchyard had been closed, under section 1 of that Act his burial would require an Order of the Privy Council.
February to May 2024
Authors: Cranmer Frank , Stanley Simon
Published: October 2024

On 22 May, standing outside the door of No. 10 in pouring rain (and for some unfathomable reason sans umbrella), the Prime Minister announced that there would be a General Election on 4 July and Parliament was duly prorogued on 24 May and dissolved on 30 May. Before that, however, there was a flurry of legislative business by agreement between the two front benches.
Re St Bartholomew, Lower Sapey [2024] ECC Wor 3
Authors: Willink David
Published: October 2024

As part of a petition for a wider faculty, the court considered proposals concerning a font. The Saxon stone font had originally been in Old St Bartholemew's Church, Lower Sapey, which was now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was proposed to move it back to that church, because its location was said to limit the flexibility of the west end of the church and was a trip hazard. Its removal would cause serious harm to the significance of the church as a building of special architectural or historic interest.
Re St Mary, Stalbridge [2024] ECC Sal 1 & 2
Authors: Willink David
Published: October 2024

Before the July 2022 amendment to the Faculty Jurisdiction Rules which removed a like-for-like replacement of an oil-fired boiler from List B, the PCC resolved on such a replacement for their church's defunct boiler. However, before the work was undertaken, the Rules were amended to require a faculty for such a replacement, and to require the Diocesan Advisory Committee to advise the court on whether the petitioners’ explanation of how they have had due regard to the Church Buildings Council's net zero guidance was adequate. While the petitioners had taken some steps to justify the decision they had taken by reference to the net-zero guidance, the DAC's pre-petition advice was that the petitioners’ explanation was not adequate, and the grant of a faculty was not recommended. Nevertheless, the petitioners issued the petition; but before the petition could be considered, and in the knowledge that such a course was unlawful, the petitioners procured the installation of the new boiler.
R (TTT) v Michaela Community Schools Trust
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: October 2024

Michaela School is avowedly secular and operates under a very disciplined regime. It has a high proportion of Muslim pupils, and in 2023 the school's governing body decided to prohibit pupils from performing prayer rituals on its premises – regardless of religion – after the Headteacher had banned prayer rituals as an interim measure. Muslims are required to pray five times a day; and while TTT, a Muslim, accepted that the requirements of the school day meant that she could not always pray during the appropriate period, she wanted to perform the midday prayer (Duhr) in autumn and winter during the school lunch break – which, she argued, was ‘free time’. It was argued for TTT that the school's refusal violated her rights under Article 9 ECHR (Ground 1); that the policy discriminated indirectly against Muslims, contrary to section 85(2)(d) and/or (f) of the Equality Act 2010 read with section 19 (Ground 2); and that in introducing the policy the school had failed to have ‘due regard’ to the need to eliminate discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to foster good relations between Muslims and non-Muslims, contrary to the public sector equality duty in section 149 of the 2010 Act (Ground 3). She also claimed to have been subject to two procedurally unfair ‘fixed terms of exclusion’ because she had not been allowed to respond to the allegations against her before her exclusions (Ground 4).
Re St Luke, Chelsea [2024] ECC Lon 3
Authors: Willink David
Published: October 2024

The petitioners proposed to erect a large sculpture of the head of Oscar Wilde by Sir Eduardo Paolozzi in a public park, which was subject to the faculty jurisdiction because it had once been a detached burial ground for St Luke's, Chelsea.
JR87, Application for Judicial Review
Authors: Cranmer Frank
Published: October 2024

JR87, the first respondent, now nine, attended a controlled primary school in Belfast and took part in non-denominational Christian religious education (RE) and collective worship (CW). Her parents described themselves as ‘broadly humanist’ and had not raised their daughter in any religious tradition. Once she began attending school, however, they noticed that she would say a prayer before eating and ask them questions about God and religion. They voiced their concerns to the school about its RE teaching and were told that its provision of RE and CW was ‘bible-based’, followed the core syllabus for education and complied with the relevant legislation. They challenged this, arguing that the relevant legislation contravened their Convention rights under Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 2 of Protocol 1 (‘A2P1’). They were successful in the lower court and the Department of Education appealed.
Factors associated with radiation treatment delay in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chang Amy K. , Kruglik Christopher P. , Sarriera Valentin Gabriela F. , Barry Maura M. , Brundage William J. , Devenney Brent , Gagne Havaleh M. , Nelson Carl J. , Silverman Damon , Sajisevi Mirabelle B.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive tumours lacking a standardised timeline for treatment initiation post-diagnosis. Delays beyond 60 days are linked to poorer outcomes and higher recurrence risk.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on patients over 18 with HNSCC treated with (chemo)radiation at a rural tertiary care centre (September 2020–2022). Data on patient demographics, oncologic characteristics, treatment details and delay causes were analysed using SPSS.

Results:

Out of 93 patients, 35.5% experienced treatment initiation delays (TTIs) over 60 days. Median TTI was 73 days for delayed cases, compared to 41.5 days otherwise. No significant differences in demographics or cancer characteristics were observed between groups. The primary reasons for the delay were care coordination (69.7%) and patient factors (18.2%). AJCC cancer stage showed a trend towards longer delays in advanced stages.

Conclusion:

One-third of patients faced delayed TTI, primarily due to care coordination and lack of social support. These findings highlight the need for improved multidisciplinary communication and patient support mechanisms, suggesting potential areas for quality improvement in HNSCC treatment management.
Organizing Minds and Managing People: J.P. Morgan Bankers on Transatlantic Consolidation of Communication and Capital, 1917–1920
Authors: Koulisis Olga
Published: October 2024

During the Great War, J.P. Morgan bankers Thomas W. Lamont, Henry P. Davison, and Dwight W. Morrow expanded their visions of organizing across distances and supported the development of spaces where like-minded individuals could make coordinated decisions regarding the stability of industrial capitalism. These financial elites focused not only on profits but also on deeper ideas. Their experience organizing across distances, first domestically and then across the Atlantic, demonstrates the importance of these financiers to visions of global economic governance centered on information exchange and communication, intimate long-distance relationships, and deliberation among perceived equals, which are essential elements of merchant banking. Their visions further reflected a hierarchical and racial understanding of a liberal global order. Highly flexible in their strategies, these bankers possessed long-term views of national and global development that engaged overlapping connections among networks, institutions, and the public that privileged the creation of transatlantic spaces for deliberation and socialization among Western economic elites.
Herbicide residue detection in cotton as influenced by time, drift rate, and sampling method
Authors: Wright-Smith Hannah E. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Crabtree Carrie R. , Grey Timothy L. , Randell-Singleton Taylor M. , Vance Jenna C.
Published: October 2024

Herbicide drift to sensitive crops can result in significant injury, yield loss, and even crop destruction. When pesticide drift is reported to the Georgia Department of Agriculture (GDA), tissue samples are collected and analyzed for residues. Seven field studies were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in cooperation with the GDA to evaluate the effect of (1) time interval between simulated drift event and sampling, (2) low-dose herbicide rates, and (3) the sample collection methods on detecting herbicide residues in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) foliage. Simulated drift rates of 2,4-D, dicamba, and imazapyr were applied to non-tolerant cotton in the 8- to 9-leaf stage with plant samples collected at 7 or 21 d after treatment (DAT). During collection, plant sampling consisted of removing entire plants or removing new growth occurring after the 7-leaf stage. Visual cotton injury from 2,4-D reached 43% to 75% at 0.001 and 0.004 kg ae ha−1, respectively; for dicamba, it was 9% to 41% at 0.003 or 0.014 kg ae ha−1, respectively; and for imazapyr, it was 1% to 74% with 0.004 and 0.03 kg ae ha−1 rates, respectively. Yield loss was observed with both rates of 2,4-D (11% to 51%) and with the high rate of imazapyr (52%); dicamba did not influence yield. Herbicide residues were detected in 88%, 88%, and 69% of samples collected from plants treated with 2,4-D, dicamba, and imazapyr, respectively, at 7 DAT compared with 25%, 16%, and 22% when samples were collected at 21 DAT, highlighting the importance of sampling quickly after a drift event. Although the interval between drift event and sampling, drift rate, and sampling method can all influence residue detection for 2,4-D, dicamba, and imazapyr, the factor with the greatest influence is the amount of time between drift and sample collection.
Agricultural spray drone deposition, Part 2: operational height and nozzle influence pattern uniformity, drift, and weed control
Authors: Koo Daewon , Gonҫalves Clebson G. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: October 2024

Agricultural spray drone (ASD) use in managed turfgrass has been given limited attention in the scientific literature. Further, deposition patterns of ASD spray have been obscured in previous research by ambient wind, crop canopy interference, and limited sampling resolution. Using a continuous sampling method involving blue colorant and water sprayed over white Kraft paper that was assessed via digital image analysis of stain objects and referenced spectrophotometric analysis of extractant, deposition metrics were estimated across a 29.3-m transect perpendicular to an ASD or ground-sprayer spray swath. The ASD applies very fine droplets that are highly concentrated with herbicide, similar to ultra–low volume treatments, that improved smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] control compared with a ground sprayer when the ASD was operated 2 m above the turf. Unfortunately, these very fine droplets also drift, leading to four times greater droplet density at distance of almost 12 m away from the targeted spray swath following an operational height of 10 m compared with 2 m. As ASD operational height increases, drift and effective swath width at 30% coefficient of variation uniformity increases, while effective application rate, total deposition, and D. ischaemum control by quinclorac herbicide decreased. Total deposition decreased 6% for each meter increase in ASD operational height, likely due to evaporation. The potential losses due to evaporation are a serious consideration for ASD use that has received little attention in the scientific literature. Our data suggest that ASD operational height should be as low as possible, but modification of spray systems may be needed to improve homogeneity of spray pattern.
Knowledge distillation and student–teacher learning for weed detection in turf
Authors: Zhai Danlan , Liu Teng , He Feiyu , Wang Jinxu , Jin Xiaojun , Yu Jialin
Published: October 2024

Machine vision–based herbicide applications relying on object detection or image classification deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) demand high memory and computational resources, resulting in lengthy inference times. To tackle these challenges, this study assessed the effectiveness of three teacher models, each trained on datasets of varying sizes, including D-20k (comprising 10,000 true-positive and true-negative images) and D-10k (comprising 5,000 true-positive and true-negative images). Additionally, knowledge distillation was performed on their corresponding student models across a range of temperature settings. After the process of student–teacher learning, the parameters of all student models were reduced. ResNet18 not only achieved higher accuracy (ACC ≥ 0.989) but also maintained higher frames per second (FPS ≥ 742.9) under its optimal temperature condition (T = 1). Overall, the results suggest that employing knowledge distillation in the machine vision models enabled accurate and reliable weed detection in turf while reducing the need for extensive computational resources, thereby facilitating real-time weed detection and contributing to the development of smart, machine vision–based sprayers.
Is a Picture Worth 280 Characters?: Contextually Realistic Graphics vs. Plain Text in Survey Experiments
Authors: Harris Benjamin Norwood , Lin-Greenberg Erik
Published: October 2024

As survey experiments have become increasingly common in political science, some scholars have questioned whether inferences about the real world can be drawn from experiments involving hypothetical, text-based scenarios. In response to this criticism, some researchers recommended using realistic, context-heavy vignettes while others argue that abstract vignettes do not generate substantially different results. We contribute to this debate by evaluating whether incorporating contextually realistic graphics into survey experiment vignettes affects experimental outcomes. We field three original experiments that vary whether respondents are shown a realistic graphic or a plain text description during an international crisis. In our experiments, varying whether respondents are shown realistic graphics or plain text descriptions generally yields little difference in outcomes. Our findings have implications for survey methodology and experiments in political science – researchers may not need to invest the time to develop contextually realistic graphics when designing experiments.
Detection of Extensive Equatorial Plasma Depletions After the 2022 Tongan Volcanic Eruption From Multiple Geodetic Satellite Ranging Systems
Authors: Han Shin‐Chan , Kil Hyosub , Ray Richard , Lemoine Frank , Waters Colin
Published: October 2024

We present a number of unique observations of ionospheric anomalies following the Hunga‐Tonga Hunga‐Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022. All are based on non‐dedicated geodetic satellite systems: Global Positioning System tracking of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) CubeSats, intersatellite tracking between two GRACE Follow‐On satellites, satellite radar altimeters to the ocean surface, and Doppler radio beacons from ground stations to LEO geodetic satellites. Their observations revealed the development of anomalously large trough‐like plasma depletions, along with plasma bubbles, in the equatorial regions of the Pacific and East Asian sectors. Trough‐like plasma depletions appeared to be confined within approximately ±20° magnetic latitude, accompanied by density enhancements just outside this latitude range. These plasma depletions and enhancements were aligned with the magnetic equator and occurred across broad longitudes. They were detected in regions where atmospheric waves from the HTHH eruption passed through around the time of the sunset terminator. We interpret these phenomena in terms of the E dynamo electric fields driven by atmospheric waves from the eruption. The uplift of the ionosphere beyond satellite altitudes, followed by subsequent plasma diffusion to higher latitudes along magnetic field lines, results in the formation of trough‐like plasma depletions around the magnetic equator and density enhancement at higher latitudes. The detection of plasma bubbles in the Asian sector during the non‐bubble season (January) is likely associated with the uplift of the ionosphere at the sunset terminator.
Deriving the Ionospheric Electric Field From the Bulk Motion of Radar Aurora in the E‐Region
Authors: Ivarsen Magnus F. , St‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Huyghebaert Devin R. , Gillies Megan D. , Lind Frank , Pitzel Brian , Hussey Glenn C.
Published: October 2024

In the auroral E‐region strong electric fields can create an environment characterized by fast plasma drifts. These fields lead to strong Hall currents which trigger small‐scale plasma instabilities that evolve into turbulence. Radio waves transmitted by radars are scattered off of this turbulence, giving rise to the ‘radar aurora’. However, the Doppler shift from the scattered signal does not describe the F‐region plasma flow, the drift imposed by the magnetosphere. Instead, the radar aurora Doppler shift is typically limited by nonlinear processes to not exceed the local ion‐acoustic speed of the E‐region. This being stated, recent advances in radar interferometry enable the tracking of the bulk motion of the radar aurora, which can be quite different and is typically larger than the motion inferred from the Doppler shift retrieved from turbulence scatter. We argue that the bulk motion inferred from the radar aurora tracks the motion of turbulent source regions (provided by auroras). This allows us to retrieve the electric field responsible for the motion of field tubes involved in auroral particle precipitation, since the precipitating electrons must drift. Through a number of case studies, as well as a statistical analysis, we demonstrate that, as a result, the radar aurora bulk motion is closely associated with the high‐latitude convection electric field. We conclude that, while still in need of further refinement, the method of tracking structures in the radar aurora has the potential to provide reliable estimates of the ionospheric electric field that are consistent with nature.
A Synoptic Scale Perspective of Solar Forcing on Extreme Precipitation and Floods Over Europe During Summer
Authors: Rimbu N. , Spiegl T. , Ionita M. , Doshi S. , Lohmann G.
Published: October 2024

The relationship between total solar irradiance (TSI) forcing and summer extreme precipitation and flood frequency over western Europe is investigated from a synoptic‐scale perspective, with a focus on the role of Rossby wave packets (RWPs). Utilizing observational, model, and proxy data, we reveal a significant increase in RWP frequency along a zonal band centered around 50°N, extending from North America to western Europe, during periods of low TSI. This anomaly in RWP frequency is consistent with a significant increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events recorded over western Europe. Sensitivity experiments conducted with a state‐of‐the‐art chemistry‐climate model corroborate our findings based on observational data. Additionally, a flood record from western Europe demonstrates a significant increase in flood frequency during low TSI years, a relationship that persists across timescales. We argue that the frequency patterns associated with TSI forcing presented in this study are robust and, therefore, valuable for estimating the frequency of extreme precipitation events over western Europe under various solar irradiance scenarios. Moreover, our findings indicate that the North Atlantic sector is more responsive to changes in solar forcing during the boreal summer than previously thought, with this effect manifesting primarily on synoptic timescales rather than the long‐term climatological mean.
Modeling Groundwater Levels in California's Central Valley by Hierarchical Gaussian Process and Neural Network Regression
Authors: Pradhan Anshuman , Adams Kyra H. , Chandrasekaran Venkat , Liu Zhen , Reager John T. , Stuart Andrew M. , Turmon Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Modeling groundwater levels continuously across California's Central Valley (CV) hydrological system is challenging due to low‐quality well data which is sparsely and noisily sampled across time and space. The lack of consistent well data makes it difficult to evaluate the impact of 2017 and 2019 wet years on CV groundwater following a severe drought during 2012–2015. A novel machine learning method is formulated for modeling groundwater levels by learning from a 3D lithological texture model of the CV aquifer. The proposed formulation performs multivariate regression by combining Gaussian processes (GP) and deep neural networks (DNN). The hierarchical modeling approach constitutes training the DNN to learn a lithologically informed latent space where non‐parametric regression with GP is performed. We demonstrate the efficacy of GP‐DNN regression for modeling non‐stationary features in the well data with fast and reliable uncertainty quantification, as validated to be statistically consistent with the empirical data distribution from 90 blind wells across CV. We show how the model predictions may be used to supplement hydrological understanding of aquifer responses in basins with irregular well data. Our results indicate that on average the 2017 and 2019 wet years in California were largely ineffective in replenishing the groundwater loss caused during previous drought years.
Integrative spatial and genomic analysis of tumor heterogeneity with Tumoroscope
Authors: Shafighi Shadi , Geras Agnieszka , Jurzysta Barbara , Sahaf Naeini Alireza , Filipiuk Igor , Ra̧czkowska Alicja , Toosi Hosein , Koperski Łukasz , Thrane Kim , Engblom Camilla , Mold Jeff E. , Chen Xinsong , Hartman Johan , Nowis Dominika , Carbone Alessandra , Lagergren Jens , Szczurek Ewa
Published: October 2024

Spatial and genomic heterogeneity of tumors are crucial factors influencing cancer progression, treatment, and survival. However, a technology for direct mapping the clones in the tumor tissue based on somatic point mutations is lacking. Here, we propose Tumoroscope, the first probabilistic model that accurately infers cancer clones and their localization in close to single-cell resolution by integrating pathological images, whole exome sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics data. In contrast to previous methods, Tumoroscope explicitly addresses the problem of deconvoluting the proportions of clones in spatial transcriptomics spots. Applied to a reference prostate cancer dataset and a newly generated breast cancer dataset, Tumoroscope reveals spatial patterns of clone colocalization and mutual exclusion in sub-areas of the tumor tissue. We further infer clone-specific gene expression levels and the most highly expressed genes for each clone. In summary, Tumoroscope enables an integrated study of the spatial, genomic, and phenotypic organization of tumors.
Quantized current steps due to the synchronization of microwaves with Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions
Authors: Shaikhaidarov Rais S. , Kim Kyung Ho , Dunstan Jacob , Antonov Ilya , Golubev Dmitry , Antonov Vladimir N. , Astafiev Oleg V.
Published: October 2024

Synchronization of Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions (JJs) under microwave radiation, which leads to current quantization, has been proposed as an effect that is dual to the appearance of Shapiro steps. This current quantization was recently demonstrated in superconducting nanowires in a compact high-impedance environment. Direct observation of current quantization in JJs would confirm the synchronization of Bloch oscillations with microwaves and help with the realisation of the metrological current standard. Here, we place JJs in a high-impedance environment and demonstrate dual Shapiro steps for frequencies up to 24 GHz (I = 7.7 nA). Current quantization exists, however, only in a narrow range of JJ parameters. We carry out a systematic study to explain this by invoking the model of a JJ in the presence of thermal noise. The findings are important for fundamental physics and application in quantum metrology.
Transcriptome analysis of rheumatoid arthritis uncovers genes linked to inflammation-induced pain
Authors: Hall Bradford E. , Mazhar Khadijah , Macdonald Emma , Cassidy Margaret , Doty Megan , Judkins Christian , Terse Anita , Shiers Stephanie , Tadros Saber , Yun Sijung , Burton Michael D. , Price Theodore J. , Kulkarni Ashok B.
Published: October 2024

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can promote states of chronic inflammation with accompanying tissue destruction and pain. RA can cause inflammatory synovitis in peripheral joints, particularly within the hands and feet, but can also sometimes trigger temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia. To better understand the effects of ongoing inflammation-induced pain signaling, dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were acquired from individuals with RA for transcriptomic study. We conducted RNA sequencing from the L5 DRGs because it contains the soma of the sensory neurons that innervate the affected joints in the foot. DRGs from 5 RA patients were compared with 9 non-arthritic controls. RNA-seq of L5 DRGs identified 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were dysregulated in the RA subjects as compared to the non-arthritic controls. The DRG resides outside the blood brain barrier and, as such, our initial transcriptome analysis detected signs of an autoimmune disorder including the upregulated expression of immunoglobulins and other immunologically related genes within the DRGs of the RA donors. Additionally, we saw the upregulation in genes implicated in neurogenesis that could promote pain hypersensitivity. Overall, our DRG analysis suggests that there are upregulated inflammatory and pain signaling pathways that can contribute to chronic pain in RA.
Effectiveness of ultra-/very-high-frequency oscillations combined with helium–oxygen gas mixture in a rabbit model
Authors: Akiyama Louis , Tatsunami Shinobu , Akita Mieko , Shimizu Naoki
Published: October 2024

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) at frequencies of approximately 15 Hz is associated with optimal CO2 excretion. Higher frequencies using a nitrogen–oxygen gas mixture worsen CO2 excretion. An in vitro experiment using HFOV and a helium–oxygen gas mixture showed a significant increase in CO2 transport, which increased with increases in ventilation frequency. We hypothesised that in HFOV, the change in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) would be greater at frequencies above 15 Hz when combined with helium–oxygen gas mixture administration. We tested this hypothesis in a hypoventilated healthy rabbit model by administering a helium–oxygen gas mixture at 15, 25, 35, and 45 Hz frequencies. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in PaCO2 among the four ventilation frequency groups. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between 15 and 35 Hz frequencies and between 15 and 45 Hz frequencies. The mean (standard error) decrease of PaCO2 was 10.8 (2.2), 14.1 (2.3), 21.3 (3.3), and 23.1 (2.5) mmHg at 15, 25, 35, and 45 Hz, respectively. Combination therapy of helium–oxygen gas mixture and high-frequency oscillation using ultra/very high frequencies (35–45 Hz) was associated with a greater PaCO2 decrease than that using the standard frequency (15 Hz).
A ratiometric luminescence thermometer based on lanthanide encapsulated complexes
Authors: Sharma Aribam Rishikanta , Singh Atom Rajiv , Kongasseri Anju Ajayan , Garain Swadhin , Mariella Babu Ann , Lonibala Rajkumari , Laishram Raju
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the synthesis of various luminescent Tb and Eu complexes by encapsulation in a Ca-complex. The synthesised material was then used as a ratiometric luminescence thermometer, in which thermometric parameters could be tuned.
Stabilizing doped Spiro-OMeTAD with an organic molten salt for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pan Tengfei , Li Zhiwei , Ren Biyun , Yang Wan , Ran Xueqin , Li Yajing , Xu Yutian , Wang Yue , Li Deli , Xia Yingdong , Gao Xingyu , Chao Lingfeng , Chen Yonghua
Published: October 2024

Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells were achieved by stabilizing doped Spiro-OMeTAD with an organic molten salt.
Investigation of the temperature effect on the formation of a two-dimensional self-assembled network at the liquid/solid interface
Authors: Rinkovec Tamara , Croket Eveline , Cao Hai , Harvey Jeremy N. , De Feyter Steven
Published: October 2024

In this work, we investigate the temperature effect on the formation of self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) at the liquid/solid interface, focusing on an alkylated achiral glycine derivative at the 1-phenyloctane/HOPG interface.
Copper–cobalt peroxide nanoparticles: a biomimetic cascade reaction for enhanced Fenton-like therapy at physiologically relevant pH
Authors: Farrokhnia Maryam , Manoochehri Hamed , Shirkani Mina , Martínez-Máñez Ramón , Karimi Sadegh
Published: October 2024

Traditional Fenton-like reactions used in chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for cancer treatment, face limitations due to mildly acidic tumor microenvironment and scarce H2O2. CCp offers a synergistic catalytic approach to address these challenges.
Insights into the formation of CdSe nanoplatelets using a flow reactor
Authors: Funk Julia Irmhild Marie , Sochor Benedikt , Koyiloth Vayalil Sarathlal , Weller Horst
Published: October 2024

A novel synthesis to produce CdSe nanoplatelets in a flow reactor is introduced. Furthermore, the connection between CdSe magic-size clusters and the growth of these anisotropic nanoplatelets is investigated.
Recent developments in difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons with organosilicon reagents
Authors: Mao Jiawei , Chen Ming , Zhong Yao , Song Ren-Jie
Published: October 2024

Direct difunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons with organosilicon reagents for the construction of synthetically valuable silicon functionalized compounds is discussed.
Application of response surface methodology for bioenergy generation in a yeast-based microbial fuel cell
Authors: Orak Ceren
Published: October 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide a solution to valorise wastewater for energy generation.
A flexible, stable, semi-dry electrode with low impedance for electroencephalography recording
Authors: Zhu Yiyan , Bayin Caicaike , Li Hongjie , Shu Xiaokang , Deng Jiangnan , Yuan Haowen , Shen Huyan , Liang Zhou , Li Yao
Published: October 2024

A low-impedance, stable, and flexible RGOPU semi-dry electrode is fabricated for EEG recording in BCI systems by self-assembly reduction. It achieves a low skin-contact impedance (<5.6 kΩ) and high quality in EEG recordings for a high BCI accuracy.
Perturbation of hyperthermia resistance in gastric cancer by hyperstimulation of autophagy using artemisinin-protected iron-oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Attri Komal , Chudasama Bhupendra , Mahajan Roop L. , Choudhury Diptiman
Published: October 2024

In a bid to overcome hyperthermia resistance, a major obstacle in cancer treatment, this study explores manipulating autophagy, a cellular recycling mechanism, within the context of gastric cancer.
A simple and cost-effective hybrid stationary phase for the separation of peptides, proteins and benzene derivatives through liquid chromatography
Authors: Ali Faiz , Begum Sana , Ilyas Muhammad , ALOthman Zeid A. , Cheong Won Jo
Published: October 2024

A very simple and cost-effective silica-based hybrid stationary phase was synthesized for the separation of five synthetic peptides, five proteins and benzene derivatives.
A systematic review of green and sustainable chemistry training research with pedagogical content knowledge framework: current trends and future directions
Authors: Aydin Gunbatar Sevgi , Ekiz Kiran Betul , Boz Yezdan , Oztay Elif Selcan
Published: October 2024

This study reviewed the green and sustainable chemistry education (GSCE) research that provided training at the tertiary level from 2000 to 2024. The Web of Science and ERIC databases were screened using title and abstract review. In total, 49 studies were analysed. The analysis instrument has two main parts, namely, general characteristics of the training, which was formed in light of the GSCE literature (i.e., chemistry sub-disciplines, type of implementation, and context), and analysis of the training through the lens of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) construct that is the commonly-used framework for the analysis of training regarding orientation to teaching GSCE, learner, curriculum, assessment, and instructional strategies utilised. Results showed that organic chemistry (n = 15) is the most emphasised branch of chemistry in the articles. Regarding the learner component, the studies were inadequate, and very few studies provided information about the misconceptions and difficulties that students may encounter while learning GSC. Regarding the curriculum component, among the green chemistry principles, ‘use of renewable feedstocks’ was the most emphasised, while the least emphasised ones were ‘reduce derivatives’ and ‘real-time pollution prevention’. Fourteen studies used subject-specific teaching strategies (e.g., cooperative teaching and project-based strategies). Although representations are not used in GSCE, most of the studies included laboratory studies (n = 31). Finally, regarding the assessment, very few studies focused on measuring students' skills (laboratory skills, discussion skills, etc.) and affective variables. In light of the findings, GSCE training should get more benefit from the literature on science/chemistry teaching strategies. Moreover, alternative assessment tools (e.g., rubrics and concept maps) should be utilized regarding the instruments utilized to assess the participants' GSC knowledge.
Phenacylselenoesters allow facile selenium transfer and hydrogen selenide generation
Authors: Sarkar Utsav Dey , Rana Mahima , Chakrapani Harinath
Published: October 2024

A new series of phenacylselenoesters that generate hydrogen selenide in the presence of esterase and a biological thiol under ambient conditions is reported.
Decoding the role of mycobacterial lipid remodelling and membrane dynamics in antibiotic tolerance
Authors: Menon Anjana P. , Lee Tzong-Hsien , Aguilar Marie-Isabel , Kapoor Shobhna
Published: October 2024

Current treatments for tuberculosis primarily target Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, often neglecting the emerging issue of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) which are characterized by reduced susceptibility to antibiotics.
The role of macrocycles in supramolecular assembly with polymers
Authors: Kashapov Ruslan , Razuvayeva Yuliya , Fedorova Elena , Zakharova Lucia
Published: October 2024

Supramolecular self-assembly of polymers with macrocycles has attracted the attention because it enables the spontaneous creation of nanostructures with unique properties.
Lattice strain-induced electronic effects on a heteroatom-doped nickel alloy catalyst for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Mete Shouvik , Sengar Manish S. , Dhayal Marshal , Kumar Vijay , Singh Santosh K.
Published: October 2024

Study of heteroatom-doped Ni electrodes reveals that doping alters surface morphology due to interactions with substrate, changing lattice parameters. This modifies electronic properties like DOS and Fermi energy, enhancing activity for OER and HER.
Nanoconfinement-induced calcium ion redox charge storage of V2CTx MXene
Authors: Yadav Suman , Kurra Narendra
Published: October 2024

A nano-confined ionic liquid induces partial charge transfer between Ca-ions and vanadium carbide surface functional groups, giving rise to redox charge storage characteristics.
Regulation of macrophage uptake through the bio-nano interaction using surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with large radial pores
Authors: Wen Juan , Lei Chang , Hua Shu , Cai Larry , Dai Huan , Liu Siyuan , Li Yiwei , Ivanovski Saso , Xu Chun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of surface modifications on the protein corona formation around mesoporous silica nanoparticles, revealing how these modifications influence macrophage uptake.
Photoresponsive prodrug-based liposomes for controllable release of the anticancer drug chlorambucil
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Suo Guangtian , Ma Shinan , Yang Chunxi , Bao Chunyan
Published: October 2024

A photoresponsive lipid prodrug was designed to form nanomedicines for accurate and controllable drug release in response to light irradiation.
A strain-sensitive neuromorphic device emulating mechanoreception for different skin sensitivities
Authors: Mishra Shubhanshi , Yadav Bhupesh , Kulkarni Giridhar U.
Published: October 2024

A strain-sensitive neuromorphic device mimics mechanoreception, adapting to skin-like sensitivities. Embedded Au microwires in PDMS detect strain and display neuromorphic functionalities, closely replicating biological mechanosensory functions.