bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Intangibles Influence the Market Rate of Return? Panel Data Analysis of the Newconnect Market in Warsaw
Authors: Bolek Monika , Lyroudi Katerina
Published: February 2017

Financial markets in most countries are changing by opening new sections of exchange for companies in early stage of development. Nowadays young companies are looking for capital from investors who are interested in financing innovative and risky projects, expecting higher rate of return. Alternative systems of trading are becoming more and more popular. This sector is growing rapidly, mostly supporting the commercialization of innovations by small and medium companies. Based on the above, we can state that innovativeness influences the rate of return of young and fast growing companies. The innovativeness is associated with the intellectual capital of a company which can be proxied and measured by its intangible assets listed on the balance sheet. Hence, we form our research question and main testable hypothesis that the level of a firm’s intangible assets affects positively the rate of return on the market. We applied panel data regression analysis in various forms and we found that the cash flow is correlated positively and significantly with the rate of return while other variables like intangibles could affect the rate of return negatively and the size variable positively in a sample of small and medium sized companies. However, the model parameters are questionable since it is well known that the behavior of young companies is unpredictable.
Impact Des Arbres Associés Sur L’exploitation Cacaoyère Dans Les Zones De Transition ForêtSavane : Cas De M’Brimbo (Centre-Sud De La Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Jérémie Gala Bi Trazié , Yves Bohoussou N’Dri , Faustin Akotto Odi , Albert Yao-Kouamé
Published: February 2017

Despite its status as the first world's cocoa producer, the cocoa production system in Côte d'Ivoire remains characterized by low yields. To solve this problem, a study was carried out on the cocoa farms of the Agricultural Society of Bandama, in southern center of Côte d'Ivoire, in the forest and savannah transition zone. It focused on determining the impact of associated forest species in cocoa farms on cocoa tree development. Thus, the associated tree species have been inventoried. The number of associated species per hectare allowed classification of the cocoa farm according to the degree of shade. From o to more than 80 trees / ha, rates of parasitic attack and mortality increase, while yield of cocoa bean decreases. For cocoa trees at the beginning of maximum yield stage (8 years old plantation), the full-sun system is more productive, with 498 kg of cocoa beans / ha. For the highest density of associated forestspecies, the yield was 127 kg / ha, with a cocoa plant success rate of 55% and a parasitic attack rate of 40%. Moreover, the parasitic attack rate of less than 20%, due to the associated trees, could lead to a reduction of almost half of the potential yield. To avoid a fall in yield and maintain the success rate at an acceptable level, in shade systems, a threshold of 25 to 30 associated trees / ha has been established. But the parasitic attacks, responsible for the drop in yield should be controlled.
The Relationship Between Money Supply, Interest Rate and Inflation Rate: an Endogeneity-Exogeneity Approach
Authors: Kaplan Fatih , Gungor Sule
Published: February 2017

After the 2008 Financial Crisis, The Central Bank is Turkey as well as many countries, has implemented a policy of increasing the money supply. It is a known fact that the changes in the money supply are considerable extent determinative in interest rate and inflation rate such as orientations of macro economics variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between money supply, interest rate and inflation rate in Turkey after the 2008 Financial Crisis. In accordance with this purpose, 2008:1- 2015:12 period money supply, interest rate and inflation rate monthly data are used. Commonly in applied studies, the relationship between these variables is analysed with Cholesky Decomposition Method of Variance based Vector Autoregression Model (VAR). But this method is affected by ordering of the variables according to endogeneity-exogeneity approach, when ordering of the variables were changed, the results are changed and therefore policy proposals are changed. In analysis of the study, both Cholesky and Pesaran and Shin’s proposal method is used. According to Cholesky Variance Decomposition result at the end of the a month, when all changes in inflation is explained by inflation, this rate is 85% according to Generalized Decomposition Method of Variance result.
Compétences perçues du pays d’origine et qualité perçue des produits au Cameroun : cas des laptops et laits de toilette
Authors: Mfokeu Ahmed Moustapha , Wamba Henri
Published: February 2017

With the globalization of economies, we are witnessing a proliferation of products of different origins in the Cameroonian market. The objective of this Article is to assess the effect of perceived skills of the country of origin on the perceived quality of the products in some Cameroonian urban environment. As the methodological level, a field investigation has been carried out in order to collect the data from a sample of 784 consumers surveyed via the Internet (online form filling) and supplemented by a classical questionnaire (paper pencil) in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. This article uses the model of structural equations to latent variables. Thus, the main results show a positive effect of the perceived competence of the country on the product’s perceived quality by the common Cameroonian consumer living in urban area. The effect of the country of manufacture is more significant than that of the country of design. We also notice an increase of the country of design’s effect on the perceived quality of products when the technological complexity of the products increases. Conversely, a reduction of the country of manufacture’s effect on the perceived quality of the products is recorded when the technological complexity of the products increases. In this way, the moderating effect of the technological complexity of a product is thereby proven.
VARIATION OF SOLVENT COMPOSITION EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE ACETATE MEMBRANE
Authors: Indarti Dwi , Widayanti Nanda , Neran Neran
Published: February 2017

Performance Cellulose acetate (CA) were characterized by the variation of solvent composition (acetone and formic acid) with a mole ratio of 5/10; 6/9; 7/8; 8.7; and 9/6 and the addition of additives MSG 6%. Characterization was conducted on the membrane performance (flux, permeability coefficient,% rejection) and physicochemical properties include density test and analysis of membrane structure by FTIR. Membrane solvent variation results, 6/9 has the lowest density values. Results flux, permeability coefficient and the highest rejection is obtained when the composition of the 9/6. FTIR test results showed no difference between the polymer cellulose acetate cellulose acetate membrane solvent variation results.
RACK STORAGE COMPONENT DESIGN BY PARAMETRIC CURVES AND SURFACES
Authors: Astuti Puji , Kusno Kusno
Published: February 2017

The purpose of study is to obtain procedures of designing several models of rack support and pole component, so that the shape are varies, symmetrical, graded, and balance. The results show that the procedure of designing rack support component can be done by taking some data of a space frame construction of the cube, triangular prism, or cone, then we set a few points on the frame to build piece of parametric curve. Finally we interpolate the curves to find a rack support surfaces. As for the rack pole component, the procedures are: we extract data of straight line segments, oblique or helical shape, then we enumerate the lines into several sub-segments, and then breaks it down to build the trending, chain, and graded curve to get a balance rack pole .
Grupo Ginástico UNESP: contribuições da "Ginástica para Todos" na formação de seus participantes
Authors: Murbach Marina Aggio , Afonso Paulo Roveri de , Lima Leticia Bartholomeu de Queiroz , Schiavon Laurita Marconi
Published: February 2017

A Ginástica Para Todos é uma prática corporal gímnica, essencialmente de caráter demonstrativo, que combina os fundamentos da ginástica com diferentes formas de expressão corporal. Dentro desta proposta surge, em 2011, o Grupo Ginástico Unesp como um projeto de extensão universitária do Departamento de Educação Física, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista/Campus Rio Claro – SP, coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Laurita Schiavon. Seu método de trabalho e de composição coreográfica baseia-se na proposta do Grupo Ginástico Unicamp, referência nesta prática corporal no Brasil. Com o objetivo de verificar as contribuições para a formação profissional dos integrantes do Grupo Ginástico UNESP (GG Unesp), a presente pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, utilizou-se de questionário e a análise foi desenvolvida por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo (LAVILLE; DIONNE, 1999). Participaram da pesquisa 32 universitários, membros do GGUnesp de 2011 a 2013 e constatou-se que 87% dos participantes acreditam que o referido projeto contribuiu para a formação profissional dos mesmos e as categorias levantadas pelo estudo apontaram as contribuições ou não na formação dos integrantes, sendo: trabalho em equipe; fundamentos da ginástica; elaboração de coreografias; valores humanos; capacitação técnica; segurança no ensinamento dos exercícios; criatividade e aprofundamento das disciplinas da graduação
Extensão universitária e Ginástica para Todos: contribuições à formação profissional
Authors: Bahu Ligia Zagorac , Carbinatto Michele Viviene
Published: February 2017

As universidades possuem em seu cerne as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que, indissociáveis, devem primar pela boa formação do futuro profissional e pela produção e divulgação de saberes científicos. No âmbito da extensão, os projetos devem atender não apenas aos interesses da comunidade, mas também às competências necessárias ao graduando monitor/estagiário. Pautado na análise bibliográfica e em entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com oito monitores/estagiários do projeto “GYMNUSP: Escola de Ginástica”, - por sua vez, analisadas pela análise de conteúdo - este artigo versa sobre as percepções oriundas da experiência em um projeto de extensão em ginástica pautado nos princípios da ginástica para todos.  Os resultados explicitaram que, para além dos benefícios financeiros e relacionados ao cumprimento de estágios, os monitores/estagiários consideraram o projeto de extensão importante para o contato com a prática profissional e com o público de atuação (no caso, infanto-juvenil), para a ampliação de campos de prática (ginástica), para melhor compreensão da organização de aulas e da atuação didática e para inserção no ambiente esportivo, por meio da participação em festivais.
Ginástica para Todos: conectando diferenças perspectivas e produção de conhecimento da Ginástica para Todos na universidade
Authors: Schiavon Laurita Marconi , Toledo Eliana de , Ayoub Eliana , Paoliello Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

A exemplo da parceria em edições anteriores do Fórum Internacional de Ginástica Geral e a Revista Conexões (2012 e 2014), temos novamente a oportunidade de publicar em 2016 edições temáticas de Ginástica, fruto de artigos produzidos por pesquisadores que participaram do VIII Fórum Internacional de Ginástica para Todos (VIII FIGPT) e que foram selecionados por pareceristas ad hoc doutores na área, por meio de sistema duplo cego, em consonância com as normativas da Revista. Esse evento, realizado desde 2001, resulta de uma reconhecida parceria entre a Faculdade de Educação Física da Unicamp e o Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC), com o apoio institucional da International Sport and Culture Association (ISCA).
Big Data, Data Analyst, and Improving the Competence of Librarian
Authors: Narendra Albertus Pramukti
Published: February 2017

Issue of Big Data was already raised by Fremont Rider, an American Librarian from Westleyan University, in 1944. He predicted that the volume of American universities collection would reach 200 million copies in 2040. As a result, it brings to fore multiple issues such as big data users, storage capacity, and the need to have data analysts. In Indonesia, data analysts is still a rare profession, and therefore urgently needed. One of its distinctive tasks is to conduct visual analyses from various data resources and also to present the result visually as interesting knowledge. It becomes science enliven by interactive visualization. In response to the issue, librarians have already been equipped with basic information management. Yet, they can see the opportunity and improve themselves as data analysts. In developed countries, it is common that librarian are also regarded as data analysts. They enhance themselves with various skills required, such as cloud computing and smart computing. In the end librarian with data analysts competency are eloquent to extract and present complex data resources as interesting and discernible knowledge.
Marketing Strategy In Surabaya City Archieves And Library
Authors: Fahriyah Fahriyah
Published: February 2017

Successfull organizations are able to design and manage their information and the supporting technologies as a strategic weapon as well as an information utility. This requires information to be readily available on an asneeded basis to staff, management, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Surabaya City Archives and Libraries use the strategic marketing to disseminate information resources at their disposal. The purpose of this research is to know, how the marketing of library in Surabaya City Archives and Libraries. The research method uses literature study with data collection techniques derived from interviews and literature study. Fordata analysis, the results were processed and analyzed interviews with marketing theory using some of the literature from books, journals and the results of previous studies. Surabaya city Library and Archive wasfoundsome elementsin the 'Marketing Mix' or library marketing strategy that has beenappliedin thelibrary since 2007. Adjustment of marketing strategy or concept 7P' Marketing Mix' are Product, Price, Promotion, Place, People, Process and Physical Evidencein the library have increased performance results Surabaya City Archives and Libraries since 2007 until now.
Information Seeking Behaviour of Senior High School Student on General Election in Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Margareta Aulia
Published: February 2017

The development of information technology affects students in searching and finding information, particularly information regarding the General Election. Theexplosion of information on mass media about the elections resulted impact (both positive and negative) to the potential voters. Nowadays, media plays role as a tool for political parties to lead public opinion to support their parties. Based on the data provided by General Election Commission (KPU) in 2014, 20% of voters were identified as students (teens). This is a qualitative research with case study methodwhich aims to gain insight about interpretation, understanding, perceptions and feelings of teenage voters’ behavior in searching and finding information about general election in Indonesia year 2014. The data were collected by conducting interview and observation. Informants (six persons) in this study were students, aged 17-18 years, who studying in government senior high school in Depok. The results of this study indicates that informants using social media to keep update about general election. Besides, they also gain information from their parents and close friends. Unfortunatelly, they were not able to identify which information which are correct or not, so they rely on people around them to make sure whether they did right decision. Therefore, this study also suggest that KPU needs to develop promotion strategy that suitable for teens about general election.
Librarian and Traditional Knowledge : A Study Of Urgency and The Role Of Librarian In Traditional Knowledge
Authors: Adelia Nisa
Published: February 2017

Indonesia is an archipelago country which is rich of cultural treasures. These cultural treasuresinclude moral value, knowledge and technology that are used hereditary in local tradition. Most of these hereditary habits are done by oral tradition, so it less of documentations. Library as information center and has function as information provider, Willy Nilly, librarian has responsibility to preserve the knowledge of traditional culture as intellectual property. Besides that, the documentation activity will become cultural defense of Indonesia, so it can be used by the next generation for learning activity. View the significant of cultural documentation activity, this paper wants to discuss about the role of librarian in traditional knowledge.This type of research is study literature research. The writters will use a variety of literature that discusses about traditional knowledge. Then, they do the assessment about of the role of librarians to traditional knowledge.
Library for the Digital Natives Generation: What to do?
Authors: Halim Siana , Wulandari Dian , Kasih Demmy , - Felecia , - Inggrid
Published: February 2017

Nowadays, people do not need to go to the library for searching knowledge or information. World has changed. We come to the new generation that so called as digital native generation. Information can be searched through the gadgets on hands which is connected to the internet. Then question comes, is the library still important? What should the library do? It is no wonder that most of the libraries have been decreasing its number of visitors as well as its number of books that out of the shells. This paper describes the characteristics of the digital native, people habit in learning and reading books.  It also summarizes some discussions among the heads of the three university libraries in Surabaya, i.e, Intitut Teknologi Sepuluh (ITS) Nopember Surabaya, Petra Christian University (PCU), Surabaya Universities (Ubaya). The results of the discussion show that library has to be changed so that they can accommodate the needs of the digital native. It is not only the place for borrowing books, but also the place for doing discussion, watching videos and listening to audios, and of course the online materials must be provided to encounter the decreasing visitors.
The Application of Knowledge Management in The United States Agency for International Development ( USAID )
Authors: Hendrawan Muhammad Rosyihan
Published: February 2017

This study aims to find out the implementation of Knowledge Management by The United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The other goal of this study is to determine why USAID tries to develop KM. This study was done by using a literature review method with descriptive analyses. Data was collected by documents analyses. This result of the study shows that knowledge management (KM) has a strategic and vital position to the existence of USAID. USAID has been Able to run continuously through the KM division specifically created to carry out a series of policies that have been determined by the USAID. As a worldwide organization, USAID has been very worth implementing its own strategic system in an effort to reach every knowledge management of the latest and dynamic information so that it can be an organization's intellectual assets for sustainability in the era of globalization. Expected with the implementation of KM system will be Able to improve the performance of the organization so that it has a competitive advantage in the face of global competition.
Perbandingan Bobot Akhir, Bobot Karkas dan Persentase Karkas Berbagai Strain Broiler
Authors: Risnajati Dede
Published: February 2017

The objective of the research was to comperative the final weight, carcass weight and carcass percentages of some broiler strains and and to know the strain that produced the highest final weight, carcass weight and percetage. The research method was survey with design based on Completely Randomized Design. The three strains of broilers were Hybro, Cobb and Hubbard. At 5 weeks old, the chicken were picked up from broiler farms which had the same management. Each was replicated 9 times. Parameters observed were final and carcass weight and carcass percentage. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The observed strains had no significant difference on final weight, carcass weight and carcass percetages.
Model Simulasi Peningkatan Ternak Sapi Induk Pola Gaduhan terhadap Curahan Tenaga Kerja: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Amanuban Selatan, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Amalo Stefanus , Hartono Budi , Utami Hari Dwi
Published: February 2017

Research was carried out on South Amanuban Sub District, East Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this study was at analyse labour allocation in raising beef cattle and non beef cattle farming from contract farming pattern, and to determine simulation model for cow number enhancement. Data were collected by interview method using structured questionaire. In total, 117 respondents were obtained by purposive sampling method. Data were analysed using Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method and simulation analysis with application of SAS 9.1 program. Result showed that households’ labour allocation was 195.24 MLHE/year on beef cattle farming and 481.03 MLHE/year for non beef cattle farming. Simulation model indicated 50 % increased of cattle number resulted in improving household time devoted on beef cattle farming, production as well as profit of raising beef cattle.
Implementasi Program Kredit Usaha Pembibitan Sapi (KUPS) di Kabupaten Sragen
Authors: Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas
Published: February 2017

The study examined the implementation and constraints of Cattle Breeding Loan Program (KUPS) in Sragen. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, where data on program implementation and constraints were collected through interviews with informants and documents. Informants were stipulated purposively, which represent the entire stakeholders, i.e. from element of farmer group/combined groups of cattle breeder, element banking institutes as well as the government element. The KUPS program for groups/combined groups of breeder could not yet be fully implemented due to several technical and economical constraints. Technical constraints included lack of technical skills and management, there was no breeding companies/cooperatives as partner, difficulty in finding good quality of cattle and lack of assistance. Economic constraints included fluctuations in market prices, payment of the credit, short credit period, and risk of failure of artificial insemination and animal deaths. To increase participation and successfulness this program, it is needed the realization of a partnership with breeding companies, technical and management assistances which involve the stakeholders, banks and partners in the mentoring and monitoring.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petsianum Clotzch) dalam Konsentrat Berdasarkan Kandungan Protein Kasar 19% terhadap Penampilan Kelinci
Authors: Kayadoe Martha , Faidiban O R , Purwaningsih Purwaningsih , Nurhidayati Dwi
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of rabbit using several levels of Kebar grass in concentrate, i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 15%, according to protein requirement 19%. Research designed by using Randomized Design Group and each treatment was replicated two times. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Continued with LSD test. The addition of kebar grass concentrates had no effect in ration and feed efficiency, but significantly affect body weight gain in treatment of 10% and 15% compared to without addition (0%) of kebar grass and 5%. The addition of kebar grass did not affect palatability.

Key words : kebar grass, rabbit, concentrate, formulations
Studi Kualitatif Pertumbuhan Populasi Kambing Paket Bantuan Crash Program dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya: Studi Kasus di Kampung Sekendi Distrik Teminabuan Kabupaten Sorong Selatan
Authors: Sraun Thimotius
Published: February 2017

Distribution of crash program-based local goat constitutes an object of agriculture policy of crash program implemented in 1995, and has done using members of Sekendi community village at district of Teminabuan of Sorong Selatan regency as targeted group. The program aimed to increase population of goat as the goal and the population of goat as subject. Village of Sekendi was chosen as visited sites. The finding of this research shown that population growth of goat is declining where the
population of goat and goat farmers are decreasing at 73.68% and 66,67%, respectively. Uncertainty of socio-economic and feeding ration, reproduction and management are factors determining population growth of goat. The failure of crash program based-goat is failed to achieve the goal.

Key words: goat population, socio-economical factors, crash program, goat
Analisis Tingkat Kepentingan dan Kinerja Atribut-atribut Daging Sapi Bali yang Beredar di Kota Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: V. Tafuli C R , Hartono B , Nugroho B A
Published: February 2017

The objective was to understand the attributes considered by consumer when deciding to purchase the beef cattle in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. As much as 150 respondents were determined using the Accidental Sampling method. There were 100 respondents of final consumer and 50 respondents of business consumer (30 restaurants respondent and 20 hotels respondent). Consumer satisfaction data was analyzed by IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). The Result of Analysis indicates that four indicators, such as product, price, place/distribution, and promotion, were remaining in the quadrant 2 (high performance and importance). The indicator of product had the highest performance and importance compared to price, place/distribution and promotion. the attributes considered by the beef consumer at Kupang City were: a) attributes of product such as lipid content, aroma, texture, package, cutting tidiness, weight size and meat part; b) attributes of price such as price rate, payment method and price discount; c) attributes of place/distribution such as distance, order timing, supply continuity, sale location and storage method; and d) attributes of promotion such as good relationship and direct marketing.
Key words: beef cattle attributes, beef cattle consumers, importance performance analysis
Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) yang Diberi Pupuk N, P dan K dengan Dosis 0, 50 dan 100% pada Devoliasi Hari ke-45
Authors: Seseray Daniel Yohanis , Santoso Budi , Lekitoo Marlyn Nelce
Published: February 2017

Production of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) would be better if fertilized with the proper doses and appropriate. This study aimed to determine the production of fresh matter, dry matter, ratio of grass stems and leaves, dry matter and organic matter of elephant grass given fertilizer N, P and K with the doses of 0%, 50% and 100% at defoliation at 45th day. This study used an experimental method of randomized block design experiment consisted of 5 and 3 treatments
groups, so there were 15 experimental units. The treatments used were: Treatment 1 (control/not fertilizer), Treatment 2 (100 kg Urea/ha; 50 kg TSP/ha; 50 kg KCl/ha) and Treatment 3 (200 kg Urea/ha, 100 kg TSP/ha: 100 kg KCl/ha). The results showed that the doses of fertilization treatments did not significantly (P≥ 0,05) affect the fresh matter, dry matter, ratio of grass stems:leaves, dry matter and organic matter value of elephant grass at the first harvest aged 45th day. Treatment 2 and 3 increased forage the fresh matter production by 29.86% and 28.51%, respectively, while production of dry matter by 28.85% and 30.77% compared to treatment 1 (control). The ratio of grass stems and leaves varied between 59.1 - 61.26%:38,7 - 40, 9%. Organic matter content tended to increase with increasing doses of N, P and K fertilizer.
Key words : elephant grass production, N, P, and K fertilizer, fertilizer doses
Evaluasi Proteksi Sabun Kalsium Sebagai Pakan Suplemen Berdasarkan Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik dan pH In Vitro di dalam Rumen dan Pasca Rumen
Authors: A. Pramono , Kustono Kustono , Widayati D. T. , Putro P. P. , Handayanta E. , Hartadi H.
Published: February 2017

The research aims to evaluate calsium soap protection as feed supplement based on dry matter
digestibility, organic matter digestibility and pH in vitro in the rumen and post rumen. Calsium soap
was produced from sardine fish oil and soybean meal, through two protection methods. It was
saponification and microencapsulation. This research used Split Subject Repeated Measurement
Design with 3 treatments (calcium soap, soybean meal and pangola grass) which each treatment was
repeated 5 times. The observation kinetics of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and
pH rumen fluid were done in incubation times (2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively). The first
results of the research showed that in the first step (rumen) has dry matter digestibility of calcium
soaps: 38.65; 40.00; 42.66; 46.32; 54.40 and 51.40% respectively; organic matter digestibility: 39.44;
41.27; 44, 31; 46.32; 56.62 and 52.50% respectively. Kinetics of pH rumen fluid: 6.89; 6.79; 6.78;
6.74; 6.71, and 6.88 respectively. In the second step (post rumen), the digestibility of calsium soap
production has dry matter digestibility of 74.85% and organic matter of digestibilty of 72.94%. The
results could be concluded that in the rumen, calcium soap is the most microbial degradation resistant
compared the others and it can be degraded and digested in the abomasum to the small intestine.
Therefore pH of rumen fluid is optimal, so it does not interfere with the fermentation in the rumen.
Keywords: calsium soap, in vitro, dry matter digestibily, organic matter digestibility, pH value
Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah Di Kecamatan Cepogo Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Rahayu E. T.
Published: February 2017

The research purposed to know the income analysis of dairy farm and the influence of use the
production factors in Cepogo Boyolali Central Java. The research was conducted from August to October 2011.Survey method was used for this research using purposive sampling to choose the respondent for sample unit. Samples were taken from 60 respondents rearing at least 1 lactating Friesian Holstein Crossbreed dairy cattle. The variables observed were the concentrate cost (X1), grass cost (X2), medicine cost (X3), labor cost (X4), and purchase cost of dairy cattle (X5). Data were calculated to know the income and analysed with multiple linear regression. The results showed that the equation of regression analysis is Y = -4.553 + 0.048 X1 + 0.428 X2 + 0.075 X3 + 0.567 X4 + 0.679 X5 with R2 = 0.775, which means that 77.5% of independent variables affect the model while the rest are influenced by outside variables studied. Based on the results of the F test , the cost of concentrate feed ( X1 ), the cost of green feed ( X2 ) , drug costs ( X3 ), labor costs ( X4 ) and the cost of purchasing dairy cows ( X5 ) jointly affect revenues dairy cattle, whereas the t test only the cost of purchasing the most influential dairy cows. Average of farmersincome for one year is Rp. 7,803,395.833. It means dairy cattle business can be maintained at the study site as a source of income of farmers. The conclusion of this study is the people's dairy business in District of Cepogo still profitable with an average scale ownership 3 lactating cows. The cost of purchase of dairy cows is the most influential factor production in farm dairy cattle.
Key words: Income Analysis, Production Factors, Dairy Farm
Performans Pertumbuhan Kambing Boerawa di Village Breeding Centre, Desa Dadapan, Kecamatan Sumberejo, Kabupaten Tanggamus, Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Sumadi Sumadi , Hartatik T , Ngadiyono N
Published: February 2017

The objective of research were to evaluate grading up program of Boer buck and Ettawa grade goat (EGG) doe at Village Breeding Centre (VBC) Dadapan village, Sumberejo subdistrict, Tanggamus regency by studying growth performance EGG, Boerawa grade 1 (BG1), and Boerawa grade 2 (BG2). Survey method was used in this research. Recording for growth performance of 525 heads EGG, 450 heads BG1, and 175 heads BG2 possessed by Karya Makmur III farmer group that was member of the VBC. Variables observed were body weight and body measurements at birth, weaning, and yearling. Data was analysed by analysis for variance of Completely Randomized Design for one way lay out. Difference of mean were analysed by Duncant’s Multiple Range Test. The average of birth weight of EGG (2,79±0,66 kg) were lower than that of BG1 (3,22±0,64 kg), however that of BG1 were not different with BG2 (3,02±0,89 kg). The average of weaning weight of EGG (18,28±0,053 kg) were lower than that of BG1 (19,89±5,72 kg) however that of BG1 were not different with that of BG 2 (19,67±1,54 kg). The average of yearling weight of EGG (39,89±7,26 kg) were lower than that of BG1 however that of BG1(43,49±6,15 kg) were not different with BG2 (42,27±2,12 kg). The absolute preweaning and postweaning average daily gain (ADG) of EGG, BG1, and BG2 were not different. Relative preweaning ADG of EGG (7,95±0,69%) were higher (P<0.05) than that of BG1 (3,57±0,14%) and BG2 (4,77±0,64%) however that of BG1 were not different with BG2. Relative postweaning ADG of EGG (0,60±1,31%) were higher than that of BG1 (0,37±0,01%) and BG2 (0,43±0,07%). Average of postweaning ADG of BG1 and BG2 were different (P<0.05). Its conclusion that growth performance of BG2 have not optimum.
Retensi Nitrogen dan Konversi Pakan Ayam Lokal Persilangan yang Diberi Ekstrak Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) sebagai Sumber Inulin
Authors: Fanani A. F. , Suthama N. , Sukamto B.
Published: February 2017

The research was aimed to evaluate used dahlia tubersextract as inulinsource onnitrogen retention and feed conversion of crossbred local chicken (male native chicken × female laying hen). Three weeks old 160 unsex birds with average body weight 180.46±1.21g were kept until 8 weeks. The experimentwas designed ascompletely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications (@10 birds). Treatments applied were T0: basal ration, T1: ration + 0.39% extract, T2: ration + 0.78% extract, T3: ration + 1.17% extract. Parameters observed werenitrogen retention, energy metabolism and feed conversion. The data were statistically analyzed according to ANOVA and continued by Duncan test at the level of 5%. The results showed that feeding dahlia tuberextract significantly affect (P<0.05) nitrogen retentionwith value T0-T3 (1.3g, 1.47g, 1.43g, 1.7g)and feed conversion (4.15, 3.58, 3.75, 3.47), but not significant of energy metabolism. In conclusion, the higher levels of feeding inulin in the form of extract in T3 (1.17%), increase nitrogen retention and improve feed conversionof crossbred local chicken.
Pemanfaatan Bakteri Selulolitik Sekum Kelinci dengan Aras Konsentrasi Koloni dan Waktu Inkubasi untuk Fermentasi Limbah Agroindustri Lokal dalam Pakan Kelinci
Authors: U. Ali U. , Wajdi M. F.
Published: February 2017

This study aims to isolation, characterization and create a culture of cellulolytic bacteria from
the caecum of rabbits to fermentation local agro-industry waste CSO (skin coconut meat, soybean seed coat and onggok) into quality feed products and palatable as a commercial feedstuff substitute for optimization performance of rabbit. The materials of study are rabbit caecum, culture media and waste CSO. The study methods is descriptive of isolation, characterization and creation of caecum cellulolytic bacterial culture, continued experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 3 x 5 fermentation of cellulolytic bacteria colonies concentration (Ci = 10 CFU / g DM, C2 = 108 CFU / g DM, C3 = 109 CFU / g DM) and a long incubation (Ii = 2 days, I2 = 4 days , I3 = 6 days , I4 = 8 days, I5 = 10 days). The results show that cellulolytic bacteria strongest from epithelial wall of caecum are gram-positive, do not form spores, catalase negative and bacillus. The nutrient content of waste CSO: CP 10.11%; CF 20.99%; EE 31.52%; NDF 33.42%, ADF 21,35% and cellulose 11.97% so need to be fermented. Treatment of bacterial colonies concentration and long Pemanfaatan Bakteri Selulolitik ... (Ali dan Wadjdi) incubation in fermentation CSO partially lowered OM, EE, CF, NDF, ADF and cellulose, but increase the CP. Treatment interaction increases CP and other nutrients down not significant. Effective treatment interaction concentration 108 CFU / g DM and long incubation 8 days with CP 11.55%; CF 17.34%; EE 31.29%; NDF 28.23% ; ADF 18:33% and cellulose 8.89%. In conclusion, the strongest rabbit caecum cellulolytic bacteria from the epithelial wall of the caecum are gram positive, not sporulating, catalase negative and formed bacillus. Nutrient content of the best CSOF at K2I8
treatment with CP increased 14.36% and other nutrients down: CF 17.39%; EE 0.73%; NDF 15.53% and cellulose.25.74%. Suggested fermentation effectiveness CSO waste can use the caecum cellulolytic bacteria concentration of 10 CFU / g DM material and incubation time of 8 days.
Keywords: CSO waste, fermentation, nutrient content.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Lisin terhadap Karakteristik Karkas Itik Lokal Jantan Umur Sepuluh Minggu
Authors: Amiruddin Bahtiar Nur Khalis , Sudiyono Sudiyono , Ratriyanto Adi
Published: February 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of lysine supplementation in ration on carcass yield, abdominal fat and fat content of ten-week old male local duck meat. The study used 80 male local ducks aged two weeks (average weight 326.40±31.84 g). The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments, consisted of four replications with five male local ducks each. Rations consisted of pollard, yellow corn, soybean meal, palm oil, premix and lysine (in the form of L-Lysine HCl). The basal diet was supplemented with lysine at the amount of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15%. The variables observed were the slaughter weight, abdominal fat percentage, carcass yield and fat content of the meat. The results showed that lysine supplementation in the diet of local duck ten-week old male decreased (P<0.01) abdominal fat but did not affect slaughter weight, carcass yield and fat content of meat. It can be concluded that lysine supplementation of 0.15 percent of the total ration can reduce abdominal fat percentage of ten-week old male local duck meat.
Pengaruh Pengaturan Waktu Pemberian Air Minum yang Berbeda Temperatur terhadap Performan Ayam Petelur Periode Grower
Authors: Risnajati Dede
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between drinking
water provision and drinking water temperature on performance of growing period laying hens. The research used Complete Randomized Design factorial pattern with two factors. The first factor consisted of five times of drinking water provision, ie, without restriction (WO), reduction in the provision of drinking water 2 hours (W1), 3 hours (W2), 4 hours (W3), and 5 hours per day (W4). The second factor consisted of two drinking water temperatures: 25-27 °C (T0) and 21-23 °C (T1). Each treatment was repeated 3 times and each replication consisted of five chickens. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s test. There was interaction between drinking water provision and drinking water temperature on body weight and feed conversion. The 2-hour reduction of drinking water provision per day with water temperature 21-23 °C produced the best performance of laying hens in growing period.

Key words: laying hens, performance, grower, drinking water
Gas Effect in Electrical-Submersible-Pump-System Stage-by-Stage Analysis
Authors: Oliva G. B. , Galvão H. L. , dos Santos D. P. , Silva R. E. , Maitelli A. L. , Costa R. O. , Maitelli C. W.
Published: February 2017

One of the main problems regarding the use of the artificial-lift method of electrical-submersible-pump (ESP) systems is the presence of gas in the pump. This paper presents and describes an analysis of ESP systems with a stage-by-stage calculation to determine intake and discharge pressures to adjust total dynamic head (TDH) for each stage of the pump.

The modeling was designed to acknowledge free gas in the pump, and iterative calculations are applied to recalculate, for each stage, fluid characteristics and physical properties, such as viscosity, density, formation volume factor (FVF), surface tension, solubility ratio, gas/oil ratio (GOR), and other flow characteristics along the tubing, such as temperature and pressure. Developed modeling validation was achieved by comparisons in two scenarios. In the first one, fixed values of intake pressure and changeable values of GOR were used to assess gas effect. In the tests for the second scenario, fixed values of GOR and changeable values of intake pressure were used.

Necessary research was conducted through a developed computational tool used to size ESP components. The results were different from those obtained with the usual calculations, and it may be implied that the developed modeling is more accurate to determine parameters related to this artificial-lift method. Also, the results were more consistent and closer to the actual behavior of multiphase-flow phenomena within the tubing because each stage has its characteristics individually evaluated. These observations may have an effect on the number of pump stages and influence in choosing the adequate equipment of the system.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied To Investigate Development of Highly Conductive Channels Within the Fracture Geometry
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed M. , Hudson Harold , Nelson Scott , Brannon Harold
Published: February 2017

A conventional proppant pack may lose up to 99% of its conductivity because of gel damage, fines migration, multiphase flow, and non-Darcy flow. Therefore, the concept of pillar fracturing was developed to generate highly conductive paths for hydrocarbon to flow. This paper describes experimental results and numerical models of a new method to generate stable proppant pillars. The proposed treatment method depends on fingering phenomena observed when a less-viscous fluid that does not carry proppant is injected to displace a more-viscous one that carries proppant. Because the low-viscosity fluid tends to move faster than the high-viscosity fluid, the low-viscosity fluid can penetrate the high-viscosity fluid and create channels inside it. This reshapes and divides the proppant-laden, high-viscosity fluid into isolated patterns that create proppant pillars.

Large-scale experiments (slot test, 2-ft height and 16-ft length) were performed to evaluate the development and stability of the created channels by use of different injection rates and different fluid viscosities. In addition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was constructed to simulate the experiment results and to scale them up into full fracture dimensions. The study focused on the effects of surface-injection rate [1 to 40 (bbl/min)/cluster], pulsing time (5 to 60 seconds), and viscosity ratio (from 2 to 200) between the two injected fluids.

Experimental results and numerical modeling showed that with the use of viscous-fingering phenomena, a pillar-propped fracture with conductive and stable channels can be created. Channel shape and size were dependent on injection rate where increasing the injection rate reduces the main channel width with increasing the channel branching. Full piston-displacement behavior was noticed after 60% of the fracture height, when a high-viscosity fluid displaced a low-viscosity fluid, and their viscosity ratio was greater than 5. By reducing the viscosity ratio between the two fluids, the created channel shape converts from cylindrical (where the beginning and end of the channel have the same width) to conical behavior (where the beginning of the channel is wider than the end). This explains why the length of the channel decreases with the viscosity ratio between the two fluids. Distance between pillars was reduced with increasing travel distance from the wellbore, or with reduced pulse-stage volume, time, or rate.
Nanoscale Morphology of Brine/Oil/Mineral Contacts in Connected Pores of Carbonate Reservoirs: Insights on Wettability From Cryo-BIB-SEM
Authors: Schmatz Joyce , Klaver Jop , Jiang Mingze , Urai Janos L.
Published: February 2017

We used broad-ion-beam slope cutting in combination with scanning electron microscopy undertaken under cryogenic conditions (Cryo-BIB-SEM) to study mineral/oil/brine contacts in reservoir carbonates. This direct-imaging method allows pore-scale investigation of in-situ fluids and their distributions down to the nanometer scale.

In this study, we compare two types of carbonate reservoirs: a fine-grained Lixhe limestone (Belgium) and a coarse-grained limestone from the Maastricht area (The Netherlands). In both rock types, we first quantify the porosity with BIB-SEM and derive the spatially resolved pore connectivity of the rock from BIB-SEM on Wood's Metal (WM) injected subsamples. In the second step, subsamples were saturated with the oil analog n-hexadecane, and then flooded with NaCl brine and MgSO4 brine, respectively, to study the effect of the brine chemistry on the microscopic fluid distribution. Cryo-BIB-SEM in combination with high-resolution energy-dispersive-spectroscopy (EDS) imaging and automated image analysis on the saturated samples allowed for a quantification of the oil-droplet size, the lengths of carbonate/oil interfaces, and the 2D contact angle of carbonate with brine and oil. Our results show that these features (e.g., interface length, contact angles, effect of asperities) are present on the scale of a few tens of nanometers to a few micrometers, which is in agreement with numerous theoretical and experimental studies.

Lixhe limestone showed relatively less carbonate/oil contacts despite a larger oil fraction in the MgSO4-brine-flooded sample compared with the sample flooded with NaCl brine, indicating a more-hydrophilic nature of the carbonate surface in this experiment. This feasibility study showed that the technique permits the testing of predictions on the morphology and dynamics of contact lines in relation to the mineral properties, which is not possible with other imaging methods, such as X-ray microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), because of limits in resolution.
Stability of CO2 Displacement of an Immiscible Heavy Oil in a Reservoir
Authors: Tran Truynh Quoc , Neogi P.. , Bai Baojun
Published: February 2017

Miscibility is not reached in carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding for recovery of heavy oils. Thus, an important advantage of no gas/oil surface tension is lost. Nevertheless, some CO2 continues to dissolve in oil and reduces the oil viscosity, which makes the displacement easier. This is an asset that remains. However, the viscosity of heavy crude is much higher than the viscosity of CO2, causing the displacement process to be unstable and leading to fingering or channeling. We have undertaken the linear-stability analysis of the displacement process, which is that of immiscible displacement but includes mass-transfer effects. All stabilizing/destabilizing mechanisms of both immiscible displacement and miscible displacement are included. A number of stabilizing mechanisms related to mass transfer have been identified. We are able to provide a numerical evaluation of the results that show the lowering of viscosity that is considered only in miscible displacement leads to a partial stabilizing effect that overcomes a large destabilizing effect of the adverse mobility ratio. There is a restricted form of instability that would only give rise to a mushy zone at the front. The two regions are separated at a wavenumber determined numerically as 0.531 cm−1. We are also able to show that in the limit that the solubility of CO2 in oil drops to zero, the above window of instability becomes infinite.