bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pós-verdade e a crise do sistema de peritos: uma explicação cibernética
Authors: Cesarino Letícia
Published: February 2021

O artigo propõe uma explicação cibernética (Bateson, 1972) para a pós-verdade partindo de reflexões clássicas no campo CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) sobre como a verdade é produzida, notadamente Thomas Kuhn e a etnografia de Bruno Latour, Vida de Laboratório. Argumenta-se que o termo pós-verdade indica um ambiente de entropia informacional crescente derivado da intensificação extensiva (global) e intensiva (personalização) do duplo processo de digitalização e neoliberalização. A perspectiva estrutural permite ver, como parte de uma mesma infraestrutura emergente, fenômenos que vimos tratando separadamente em tópicos como neoliberalismo, política populista, desinformação, mídias sociais, punitivismo, entre outros. Além de indicar, com base em pesquisa sobre a digitalização da política no Brasil, como o ambiente epistêmico tem se reestruturado como consequência da crise confiança no sistema de peritos, o artigo elabora paralelos estruturais que atravessam toda a constelação contemporânea do neoliberalismo digitalizado: colapso de contexto, performatividade, verdade como a posteriori, sujeito influenciável, mediações (i)mediatas, invisibilização de assimetrias emergentes, conteúdo gerado pelos usuários e estruturas organizacionais do tipo pirâmide.
BDSM as sexual orientation: A comparison to lesbian, gay, and bisexual sexuality
Authors: Gemberling Tess , Cramer Robert , Miller Rowland
Published: February 2021

One less common and more stigmatized form of sexuality is BDSM, which is an umbrella term for consensual practices that involve, but are not limited to, bondage and discipline (B&D), dominance and submission (D&s), and sadomasochism (S&M). Focusing on one of many different conceptualizations, BDSM is comprised of a power dynamic between partners enacted through various activities (for an inclusive list, see Sandnabba et al., 1999; Weinberg et al., 1984). However, beyond being recently accepted as nonpathological, research has yet to reach consensus on BDSM’s nature and development. Specifically, although theories describing its origin abound, it remains unclear whether BDSM is best conceptualized as a sexual behavior, sexual attraction, sexual identity, and/or sexual orientation for those who practice for sexual purposes. Accordingly, the present paper outlines a common framework of sexuality while presenting an alternative yet complementary theory: Consistent with a sex-positive framework, BDSM may be best conceptualized as another form of sexual orientation for a percentage of practitioners.
GENIALES ACTITUDES (+) Principio de Grandeza
Authors: Contreras Vidal Jorge Luis , Valle Mijangos Sergio Octavio , Pedraza González Xenia , Benvenuto Pérez Edgardo Remo , Martínez Rodríguez Yumar , Armiñana García Rafael
Published: February 2021

En este libro, usted podrá encontrar una manera muy motivadora y científica para ayudar a formar en los miembros de su familia, en sus amistades más cercanas y en sus propios alumnos, aquellas actitudes positivas que tanto deseamos que todos posean por el bien de nuestra humanidad y por el valor que, como seres humanos, debemos tener. Para lograr el propósito anterior, se parte de presentar, a través de ejemplos, las actitudes positivas que los genios pertenecientes a las diferentes esferas de la realidad, han tomado ante diversas situaciones que se dan en nuestras vidas diariamente. Cada uno de estos ejemplos sirve como guía de actuación a seguir y como material didáctico para ser presentado y discutido en nuestras clases, con el afán de que se multipliquen por millones, en millones de personas a lo largo de este mundo que hoy vive una pandemia, pero que aspira a que todos seamos mejores cada día.
EPISTEMOLOGI KALAM ASY’ARIYAH DAN AL-MATURIDIYAH
Authors: Adnin Adnin , Zein Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The emergence of various groups of schools of thought in Islam has given its own color in the Islamic religion. These thoughts arose after the death of the Prophet. There are several factors that cause the emergence of various groups with all of their thoughts. Among them are political factors as there has been a conflict between the Ali group with Muawiyah followers, so that it raises a new group, the khawarij group. Then came the other groups as a reaction from group one to another group. These groups have different thoughts from one another. Some are still in the corridor of the Qur'an and Sunnah, but there are also those who deviate from the two sources of Islamic teachings. There are those who hold the revelation, and some who put excessive reason so that it comes out of revelation. And there are also those who call themselves Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah. As a reaction from a misguided firqah, at the end of the 3rd century H came a group known as Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah led by two great ulemas in Usuluddin, Sheikh Abu Hassan Ali Al Asy'ari who was the founder of the Ash'ariyah sect and Sheikh Abu Abu Mansur Al Maturidi as the founder of the Maturidiyah school. This Ash'ariah and Maturidiyah school is used in this discussion.

Keywords: Epistemology, Asy'ariyah, Al-maturidiyah.
TRADISI MENGGUNAKAN JASA PAWANG HUJAN DITINJAU DARI AQIDAH ISLAM
Authors: Arifinsyah Arifinsyah , Harahap Salahuddin , Yuliani Sapitri
Published: February 2021

According to the Sei Rotan Village Community, Pawang Hujan is someone who is good at moving or controlling rain using masical or supernatural science which is carried out by means of rituals using several requirements such as fresh red chillies that still have stems, salt, and nails. Provided by the person who is doing the celebration. According to the belief of the Sei Rotan village community, for people who want to do a celebration event or a wedding party, you should use the services of a rain handler for the smooth running of the eent without any obstacles because of the coming rain. The purpose of study is to see whether the use of the services of the rain handler and how the procedure of the implementation of this rain handler deviates from the Islamic aqeedah which can lead to acts of shirk towards Allah that we should make a place to ask for any help. The type of this thesis research is a qualitative research model with descriptive methods by means of observation or observing whether the tradition of using the services of this rain handler deviates from islamic aqidah as the purpose of this thesis is made.
Keywords: Tradition, Rain Handler, Aqidah Islamic Review.
PERANAN LEMBAGA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN STUDI ISLAM UINSU DALAM MENANGKAL RADIKALISME DI UINSU
Authors: Halim Abdul , Riza Faisal , Siregar Febri Ikhsanul
Published: February 2021

There is an issue of radicalism in Indonesia and the development of current hijrah phenomena that make the college students interested in following it without having to first review who they are studying, worried attitudes, and radicalism entering the campus to attack and change the mindset of students. Radicalism is fanatical to an opinion, permeates the opinions of others, and ignores the welfare of Islam, is not dialogues, likes to disdain other groups of people who disagree, and do textual in understanding religious texts without considering maqasihid al-syari’at (the essence of sharia). This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that is to decrypt the problem in its entirety as a problem and then analyze the problem. The purpose of this research is to find out the function and role of the Student Institution, the student body's response to radicalism, and the role of the college student institutions in countering radicalism in the Faculty of Ushuluddin and UINSU Islamic Studies. The data was obtained from interviews with several speakers, namely with several DEMA-F and SEMA-F administrators, official websites, journals, and articles. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the college Student Institution's Response to Radicalism in UINSU Fusion is the same continuity and unrest from the board of the college Student Institute of The Faculty of Ushuluddin and UINSU Islamic Studies against radicalism. It should not be taken lightly so that it must be addressed before the wider spread and avoid the onset of unwanted impacts. The role of the college Student Institute of The Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Studies of UINSU in countering Radicalism in the Faculty of Ushuluddin UINSU is to take several steps, among others: to increase the discussion about religious understanding, to conduct studies by presenting Ustadz/Kyai who have clear science and a track record of religious education, mapping, for college  students who appear to have begun to be affected by radicalism, consulted with the Dean/faculty leader, and rejected any activities affiliated with the radicalism movement.

Keywords: The role of the college student, Radicalism.
Usos do precedente: a construção do repertório arquitetônico na prática projetual
Authors: De Castro Oliveira Rogério
Published: February 2021

Este artigo discute o uso de soluções exemplares como critério de projeto, focalizando a prática pedagógica da arquitetura que tem lugar nos ateliês dos cursos de graduação. A construção de conhecimento arquitetônico no projeto implica o uso de precedentes, quer como ponto de partida (aberto a manipulações adaptativas), quer como ferramentas de comparação aplicadas a posteriori a verificações tipológicas e à correção de decisões projetuais que conduzem às configurações do partido. A descrição, interpretação e transformação dos tipos como parte de uma abordagem "imitativa" do projeto arquitetônico é o tema central de uma epistemologia da prática, tal como sugerida por Donald Schön, e fundamenta o exercício da invenção compositiva. Nesta perspectiva, a imaginação figurativa interage com um catálogo coletivo de obras de arquitetura paradigmáticas, constituindo um conjunto de requerimentos eletivos progressivamente incorporados ao repertório do projetista.Palavras-chave: arquitetura; projeto; repertório; aprendizado.
Outside of the city or outside of the law? State-of-art and challenges to the regulation of gated communities
Authors: Tomanik Raquel
Published: February 2021

The implementation of gated communities has been common prac- tice in Brazilian cities, despite the controversy between legality and illegality of such enterprises, not provided in federal legislation dealing with urban land parceling. In the north axis of the Metro- politan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), especially in the city of Lagoa Santa, this kind of occupation stands out as the predomi- nant model of urban development. Starting with a brief discussion of the impacts of this urbanization mode, which has resulted in fragmented and dispersed cities, this paper lists the current situ- ation of gated communities regulation as land parceling gure. It also discusses the main challenges for the implementation of this action in MRBH following objectives and guidelines expressed in the Integrated Development Plan of MRBH. Finally, it points out the possible impact of general repercussion thesis adopted by Su- premo Tribunal Federal (Federal Supreme Court), which rati es the local autonomy given by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the challenges of incorporating this model of occupation to urban legislation considering the metropolitan context. What can be said about the space to be produced based on the experience of mu- nicipalities that have this mode as the main model of urban ex- pansion? What can also be said about the municipal regulatory initiatives in MRBH? How to incorporate these enterprises to the city and to the support of the law? Such issues are discussed based on the case of Lagoa Santa city.
Escritas urbanas, corpo e cidade contemporânea: pelo enriquecimento da experiência urbana.
Authors: Hypolito Bárbara
Published: February 2021

A relação estabelecida entre corpo e cidade por meio da intervenção das escritas urbanas no espaço público é do que trata este artigo. A pesquisa se utiliza do método da cartografia que possibilita vivenciar a cidade contemporânea no encontro do corpo com suas manifestações públicas e artísticas. Dessa forma, busca ações alternativas para escapar da passividade corporal instaurada por um sistema que desenvolve cidades e sociedades descorporificadas e empobrecidas no que se refere à experiência urbana. Pretende ampliar a discussão acerca do planejamento das cidades, as possibilidades de leitura e de produção do espaço urbano incentivadas por ações sociais e artísticas, micropolíticas, de resistência sensível.Palavras chave: experiência urbana, corpo, cidade contemporânea, escritas urbanas.
O edifício do IAB/SP – espaço de representações do moderno e de sociabilidade dos arquitetos
Authors: Reis de Goes Monteiro Ana , Car Vidotto Taiana
Published: February 2021

Objetiva-se com esse artigo resgatar, através de fontes primárias, o contexto no qual foi projetado e construído o edifício do Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil em São Paulo - IAB/SP, um dos principais exemplares da arquitetura moderna na cidade de São Paulo. Seu projeto, objeto de concurso, teve como autores um grupo de arquitetos composto por Abelardo Reidy de Souza, Galiano Ciampaglia, Hélio Queiroz Duarte, Jacob Ruchti, Miguel Forte, Rino Levi, Roberto de Cerqueira César e Zenon Lotufo. Construído na década de 1950, em uma região que se tornava uma nova centralidade urbana e espaço de movimentação artística e cultural, com a instalação de museus, bibliotecas, cinemas, teatros, galerias de arte e livrarias. O IAB/SP se uniu a esses espaços, tornando-se parte de uma rede de sociabilidade entre os arquitetos. Desta, participavam políticos, jovens estudantes, professores, intelectuais, artistas que frequentavam o espaço do térreo e do mezanino do edifício em exposições, audições musicais, palestras e demais eventos promovidos, incluindo a recepção de visitantes como Walter Gropius. Além disso, como espaço de trocas ideológicas, em 1964, com o Golpe Militar, tornou-se local simbólico de luta pela liberdade. Tombado pelo órgão de patrimônio estadual, o Condephaat – Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico em 2002 e em 2015 pelo Conpresp – Conselho Municipal de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico, Cultural e Ambiental da cidade de São Paulo) e pelo Iphan – Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, seu processo de restauro previu além da recuperação da estrutura física do prédio, a recomposição da fachada e a readequação do uso de alguns de seus espaços. Contudo, o principal objetivo era propiciar o resgate de seu papel cultural. A reforma foi iniciada e parcialmente concluída, com foco na estrutura das marquises externas e no reestabelecimento do espaço de eventos do instituto, que voltou a sediar eventos. Aos poucos a rua na qual se localiza tem retomado seu processo centralizador das atividades dos arquitetos naquela região. Nela se instalaram recentemente escritórios de jovens arquitetos, uma livraria especializada no térreo do edifício do IAB/SP. Esses espaços deram impulso definitivo à retomada do edifício do IAB/SP como palco privilegiado da memória do local, das práticas de sociabilidade dos arquitetos e da representação da categoria profissional.
Acervos históricos e estudos de urbanização: cruzamento de fontes urbanísticas e judiciárias como recurso metodológico
Authors: Borin Monique Felix
Published: February 2021

Os estudos sobre a urbanização das cidades brasileiras no século XIX e início do século XX foram uma tendência que auxiliou no fortalecimento do campo da história das cidades, em geral se apoiando na análise de legislações e planos urbanísticos que regulavam a estrutura e infraestrutura física urbana. Nos últimos anos vivemos um movimento de pluralização dessas fontes, expandindo as investigações para outros tipos de documentos urbanísticos, como requerimentos, relatórios, registro de imóveis, levantamentos topográficos, mapas e fotografias técnicas. Manteve-se, no entanto, uma centralidade em fontes que poderíamos definir como de origem urbanística, ou seja, que já foram produzidas diretamente para tratar das questões do urbano. Nesta comunicação propomos o cruzamento de fontes urbanísticas com fontes de natureza distinta como metodologia para o estudo da urbanização das cidades brasileiras no período, particularmente a urbanização de bairros centrais de São Paulo. Tal estudo de caso servirá para avaliar as potencialidades e as problemáticas do cruzamento de fontes proposto, particularmente a série Obras Particulares, do Arquivo Histórico de São Paulo com os Autos Crime do Arquivo do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo. O enfoque dessa proposta metodológica se alinha com investigações que tratam do papel da população e da iniciativa privada como agentes importantes na urbanização das cidades brasileiras, deslocando um foco excessivo no estudo de grandes obras públicas, que dominaram muitos dos estudos iniciais sobre essa temática e que têm uma relação clara com a preponderância do uso da legislação como fonte exclusiva. Essa perspectiva de análise traz implicações teóricas, que serão discutidas a partir do diálogo com Walter Benjamin e Beatriz Sarlo sobre o papel do cotidiano na formação das cidades, que perseguimos a partir do conceito de experiência da urbanização.
À margem da cidade ou à margem da lei? Estado da arte e desafios da regulamentação dos condomínios fechados
Authors: Tomanik Raquel
Published: February 2021

A implantação de condomínios fechados tem sido prática comum em municípios brasileiros, apesar da controvérsia entre sua legalidade e ilegalidade, uma vez que esse tipo de empreedimento não está previsto na legislação federal que regula o parcelamento do solo urbano. Na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), no eixo norte, especialmente no município de Lagoa Santa, esse tipo de ocupação destaca-se como modelo predominante de expansão urbana. Partindo de breve discussão de suas consequências na urbanização (cidades fragmentadas e dispersas), o presente artigo trata da situção atual da regulamentação dos condomínios fechados como figura de parcelamento do solo e aborda os principais desafios para a implementação dessa ação, na RMBH, em conformidade com os objetivos e diretrizes expressos no Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado da RMBH (PDDI RMBH). Além disso, aponta os possíveis impactos da aplicação de tese de repercussão geral adotada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) – que ratifica a autonomia municipal dada pela Constituição Federal de 1988 – e apresenta os desafios da incorporação desse modelo de parcelamento à legislação urbanística, considerando o contexto metropolitano. O que pode-se dizer do espaço a ser produzido com base na experiência de municípios que têm essa modalidade como principal modelo de expansão urbana e também das iniciativas municipais de regulamentação na RMBH? Como incorporar esses empreendimentos à cidade e ao amparo da lei? Tais questões são discutidas a partir do caso de Lagoa Santa.
O BEIJÓDROMO DE DARCY E LELÉ: UM PRESENTE PARA BRASÍLIA
Authors: Porto Cláudia Estrela
Published: February 2021

Darcy Ribeiro nunca escondeu de ninguém que acalentava o sonho de ver construída a sede definitiva de sua Fundação no campus da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Para tanto, contanto com o apoio de Oscar Niemeyer, encomendou o projeto ao arquiteto João Filgueiras Lima. A rigor, Darcy Ribeiro pediu ao Lelé "apenas" o "projeto de uma biblioteca" para acolher o seu acervo de livros, mobiliário particular e a rica coleção de arte plumária de sua primeira mulher, Berta Ribeiro. De 1996 a 2010, Lelé desenvolveu o projeto que, com o tempo e a colaboração do próprio Darcy, foi sendo aperfeiçoado, de modo a refletir claramente o pensamento dos dois criadores. Nasceu de tal parceria a sede da Fundação Darcy Ribeiro com o "beijódromo", erguida no coração da UnB. Uma edificação circular em dois pavimentos, com 32,20m de diâmetro interno e 37m de diâmetro de cobertura, tal como uma tenda de circo (ou uma maloca indígena, como preferia Darcy), que se lança para o alto em sua parte central e acolhe um espaço circular ajardinado, de 12m de diâmetro e pé-direito duplo. Trata-se de uma obra singular. Não apenas um memorial. Lelé soube desenhar o sonho de Darcy. Uma "espaçonave" que descansa suavemente em solo universitário, contendo e preservando o pensamento de Darcy Ribeiro.
Determining the factors affecting the gestational length in sheep
Authors: Tozlu Celik Hilal , Aslan Fatih Ahmet , Kasko Arıcı Yeliz , Kahveci Metehan Eser , Kiper İbrahim
Published: February 2021

Abstract. This research aimed to determine the effects of body weight, the body condition score
(BCS), body measurements, birth type (single offspring or twin birth), birth weight and sex on the gestational length in sheep
(n=111). Karayaka sheep raised on a private farm were used in the study. Progeny yield
characteristics in sheep were also determined (n=139). Estrus was monitored daily using teaser
rams from August to September 2016. According to our findings, the pregnancy rate, infertility rate,
fecundity, and twin and single birth rates were 93.52 %, 6.48 %, 93.52 %, 14.62 % and
85.38 % respectively. The effect of age on the BCS in sheep at mating was found to be significant
(P<0.05): BCS decreased as age increased. It was determined that there was a positive
association between the BCS and live weight during the mating period (P<0.001). The chest
circumference, front shin circumference and body length were found to be higher in sheep with a BCS ≥ 4.5 at mating time (P<0.01). The middle rump width was significantly affected by the BCS
(P<0.001). In this study, the lowest and highest gestational lengths were found to be 148.90
and 151.41 d respectively. The gestational length in sheep was
not found to be affected by age, the BCS, body measurements, sex or birth type (P>0.05); however, it was observed that the gestational lengths for male offspring and single offspring (non-multiple births) were longer. In
addition, it was detected that the gestational length was different in sheep with a BCS ≥ 4.5. The time spent in the womb is important with respect to obtaining a healthy lamb. For
profitable production, a BCS of between 2.5 and 4 is recommended in sheep. It
is thought that the use of body condition scoring, which is easy information for the breeder to utilize, will
have a positive effect on determining the bodily reserves of sheep and the reproductive efficiency as well as on
obtaining a healthy lamb. More studies on the gestational length in sheep are required.
Ozone super recovery cancelled in the Antarctic upper stratosphere
Authors: Maliniemi Ville , Nesse Tyssøy Hilde , Smith-Johnsen Christine , Arsenovic Pavle , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ozone is expected to fully recover from the CFC-era by the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, because of anthropogenic climate change, a cooler stratosphere accelerates ozone production and is projected to lead to a super recovery of ozone. We investigate the ozone distribution over the 21st century with four different future scenarios using simulations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). At the end of the 21st century, equatorial upper startosphere has roughly 0.5 to 1.0 parts per million more ozone in scenario with the highest greenhouse gas emissions compared to conservative scenario. Polar ozone levels exceed those in the pre CFC-era in scenarios that have the highest greenhouse gas emissions. This is true in the Arctic stratosphere and the Antarctic lower stratosphere. The Antarctic upper stratosphere is an exception, where different scenarios all have similar levels of ozone during winter, which do not exceed pre-CFC levels. Our results show that this is due to excess nitrogen oxides (NOx) descending from above in the stronger scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions. NOx is formed by energetic electron precipitation (EEP) in the thermosphere and the upper mesosphere, and descends faster through the mesosphere in stronger scenarios. This indicates that the EEP indirect effect will be important factor for the future Antarctic ozone evolution, and could potentially prevent a super recovery of ozone in the upper stratosphere.
A global model perturbed parameter ensemble study of secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Sengupta Kamalika , Pringle Kirsty , Johnson Jill S. , Reddington Carly , Browse Jo , Scott Catherine E. , Carslaw Ken
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A global model perturbed parameter ensemble of 60 simulations was used to explore how combinations of six parameters related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation affect particle number concentrations and organic aerosol mass. The parameters represent the formation of organic compounds with different volatilities from biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The most plausible parameter combinations were determined by comparing the simulations against observations of the number concentration of particles larger than 3 nm diameter (N3), the number concentration of particles larger than 50 nm diameter (N50), and the organic aerosol (OA) mass concentration. The simulations expose a high degree of model equifinality in which the skill of widely different parameter combinations cannot be distinguished against observations. We therefore conclude that, based on the observations we have used, a six-parameter SOA scheme is under-determined. Nevertheless, the model skill in simulating N3 and N50 is clearly determined by the low-volatility and extremely low-volatility compounds that affect new particle formation and growth, and the skill in simulating OA mass is determined by the low-volatility and semi-volatile compounds. The biogenic low-volatility class of compounds that grow nucleated clusters and condense on all particles is found to have the strongest effect on the model skill in simulating N3, N50, and OA. The simulations also expose potential structural deficiencies in the model: we find that parameter combinations that are best for N3 and N50 are worst for OA mass, and the ensemble exaggerates the observed seasonal cycle of particle concentrations – a deficiency that we conclude requires an additional anthropogenic source of either primary or secondary particles.
Temporal patterns and biophysical controls on methane emissions
from a small eutrophic reservoir: insights from two years of eddy
covariance monitoring
Authors: Waldo Sarah , Beaulieu Jake J. , Barnett William , Balz David A. , Vanni Michael J. , Williamson Tanner , Walker John T.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Waters impounded behind dams (i.e. reservoirs) are important sources of greenhouses gases, especially methane (CH4), but their contribution is not well constrained due to high spatial and temporal variability, limitations in monitoring methods to characterize hot spot and hot moment emissions, and the limited number of studies that investigate diurnal, seasonal, and interannual patterns in emissions. In this study, we investigate the temporal patterns and biophysical drivers of CH4 emissions from Acton Lake, a small eutrophic reservoir, using a combination of methods: eddy covariance monitoring, continuous warm-season ebullition measurements, spatial emission surveys, and measurements of key drivers of CH4 production and emission. We used an artificial neural network to gap-fill the eddy covariance time series and to explore the relative importance of biophysical drivers on the inter-annual timescale. Acton Lake had cumulative areal emission rates of 40.6 ± 5.9 and 71.4 ±  4.2 g CH4 m−2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively, or 97.4 ± 14 and 171 ± 10 Mg CH4 in 2017 and 2018 across the whole 2.4 km2 area of the lake. The main difference between years was a period of elevated emissions lasting less than two weeks in the spring of 2018, which contributed 17 % of the total annual emissions, and was likely due to favourable sediment temperature and algal carbon substrate availability in 2018 compared to 2017. CH4 emissions only displayed diurnal patterns 18.5 % of the monitoring period, suggesting that factors that do not follow a diurnal pattern (e.g. substrate availability) may be driving emissions. Combining spatially extensive measurements with temporally continuous monitoring enabled us to quantify aspects of the spatial and temporal variability in CH4 emission. We found that the relationships between CH4 emissions and sediment T depended on location within the reservoir and observed a clear spatio-temporal offset in maximum CH4 emissions as a function of reservoir depth. These findings suggest a strong spatial pattern in CH4 biogeochemistry within this relatively small (2.4 km2) reservoir. In addressing the need for a better understanding of GHG emissions from reservoirs, there is a trade-off in intensive measurement of one water body versus short-term and/or spatially limited measurements in many water bodies. The insights from multi-year, continuous, spatially extensive studies like this one can be used to inform both the study design and emission upscaling from spatially or temporally limited results, specifically the importance of trophic status and intra-lake variability in assumptions about upscaling CH4 emissions.
Slow-down of the greening trend in natural vegetation with further
rise in atmospheric CO2
Authors: Winkler Alexander J. , Myneni Ranga B. , Hannart Alexis , Sitch Stephen , Haverd Vanessa , Lombardozzi Danica , Arora Vivek K. , Pongratz Julia , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Goll Daniel S. , Kato Etsushi , Tian Hanqin , Arneth Almut , Friedlingstein Pierre , Jain Atul K. , Zaehle Sönke , Brovkin Victor
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Satellite data reveal widespread changes of Earth's vegetation cover. Regions intensively attended to by humans are mostly greening due to land management. Natural vegetation, on the other hand, is exhibiting patterns of both greening and browning in all continents. Factors linked to anthropogenic carbon emissions, such as CO2 fertilization, climate change and consequent disturbances, such as fires and droughts, are hypothesized to be key drivers of changes in natural vegetation. A rigorous regional attribution at biome-level that can be scaled into a global picture of what is behind the observed changes is currently lacking. Here we analyze different datasets of decades-long satellite observations of global leaf area index (LAI, 1981–2017) as well as other proxies of vegetation changes, and identify several clusters of significant long-term changes. Using process-based model simulations (Earth system and land surface models), we disentangle the effects of anthropogenic carbon emissions on LAI in a probabilistic setting applying Causal Counterfactual Theory. The analysis prominently indicates the effects of climate change on many biomes – warming in northern ecosystems (greening) and rainfall anomalies in tropical biomes (browning). Our results do not support previously published accounts of dominant global-scale effects of CO2 fertilization. Altogether, our analysis reveals a slowing down of greening and strengthening of browning trends, particularly in the last two decades. Most models substantially underestimate the emerging vegetation browning, especially in the tropical rainforests. Leaf area loss in these productive ecosystems could be an early indicator of a slow-down in the terrestrial carbon sink. Models need to account for this effect to realize plausible climate projections of the 21st century.
Atmospheric iron supply and marine productivity in the glacial North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Burgay François , Spolaor Andrea , Gabrieli Jacopo , Cozzi Giulio , Turetta Clara , Vallelonga Paul , Barbante Carlo
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Iron (Fe) is a key element in the Earth climate system, as it can enhance
marine primary productivity in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC)
regions where, despite a high concentration of major nutrients,
chlorophyll production is low due to iron limitation. Eolian mineral dust
represents one of the main Fe sources to the oceans; thus, quantifying its
variability over the last glacial cycle is crucial to evaluate its role in
strengthening the biological carbon pump. Polar ice cores, which preserve
detailed climate records in their stratigraphy, provide a sensitive and
continuous archive for reconstructing past eolian Fe fluxes. Here, we show
the Northern Hemisphere Fe record retrieved from the NEEM ice core
(Greenland), which offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct the past Fe
fluxes in a portion of the Arctic over the last 108 kyr. Holocene Fe fluxes
(0.042–11.7 ka, 0.5 mg m−2 yr−1) at the NEEM site were 4 times lower than the average recorded over the last glacial period (11.7–108 ka, 2.0 mg m−2 yr−1), whereas they were greater during the
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 14.5–26.5 ka, 3.6 mg m−2 yr−1)
and Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4; 60–71 ka, 5.8 mg m−2 yr−1). Comparing the NEEM Fe record with paleoceanographic records
retrieved from the HNLC North Pacific, we found that the coldest periods,
characterized by the highest Fe fluxes, were distinguished by low marine
primary productivity in the subarctic Pacific Ocean, likely due to the
greater sea ice extent and the absence of major nutrients upwelling. This
supports the hypothesis that Fe fertilization during colder and dustier
periods (i.e., LGM and MIS 4) was more effective in other regions, such as
the midlatitude North Pacific, where a closer relationship between marine
productivity and the NEEM Fe fluxes was observed.
Validation and application of sequential unmanned aerial vehicle
surveys to monitor the kinematics of a rapid rock glacier
Authors: Vivero Sebastián , Delaloye Reynald , Lambiel Christophe
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Accurately assessing landform evolution and quantifying rapid environmental changes are gaining importance in the context of monitoring techniques in alpine environments. In the European Alps, glaciers and rock glaciers are among the most characteristic cryospheric components bearing the most prolonged monitoring periods. This study introduces a rigorous procedure to quantify rock glacier kinematics and their associated uncertainty derived from sequential unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics are derived from UAV image series combined with structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques. Multitemporal datasets are employed for measuring spatially continuous rock glacier kinematics using image matching algorithms. This procedure is tested on seven consecutive (from 2016 to 2019) UAV surveys of Tsarmine rock glacier, Valais Alps, Switzerland. The evaluation of superficial displacements was performed with simultaneous in-situ differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements. During the study period, the rock glacier doubled its overall frontal velocity, from around 5 m yr−1 between October 2016 and June 2017 to more than 10 m yr−1 between June and September 2019. Using the adequate UAV survey acquisition, processing, and validation steps, we almost achieved the same accuracy as the GNSS-derived velocities. Nevertheless, the proposed monitoring method provides accurate surface velocity fields values, which allow an enhanced description of the current rock glacier dynamics and its surface expression.
Efficient ensemble generation for uncertain correlated parameters
in atmospheric chemical models
Authors: Vogel Annika , Elbern Hendrik
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric chemical forecasts highly rely on various model parameters, which are often insufficiently known, as emission rates and deposition velocities. However, a reliable estimation of resulting uncertainties by an ensemble of forecasts is impaired by the high-dimensionality of the system. This study presents a novel approach to efficiently perturb atmospheric-chemical model parameters according to their leading coupled uncertainties. The algorithm is based on the idea that the forecast model acts as a dynamical system inducing multi-variational correlations of model uncertainties. The specific algorithm presented in this study is designed for parameters which depend on local environmental conditions and consists of three major steps: (1) an efficient assessment of various sources of model uncertainties spanned by independent sensitivities, (2) an efficient extraction of leading coupled uncertainties using eigenmode decomposition, and (3) an efficient generation of perturbations for high-dimensional parameter fields by the Karhunen-Loéve expansion. Due to their perceived simulation challenge the method has been applied to biogenic emissions of five trace gases, considering state-dependent sensitivities to local atmospheric and terrestrial conditions. Rapidly decreasing eigenvalues state high spatial- and cross-correlations of regional biogenic emissions, which are represented by a low number of dominating components. Consequently, leading uncertainties can be covered by low number of perturbations enabling ensemble sizes of the order of 10 members. This demonstrates the suitability of the algorithm for efficient ensemble generation for high-dimensional atmospheric chemical parameters.
Upstream flow effects revealed in the EastGRIP ice core using a
Monte Carlo inversion of a two-dimensional ice-flow model
Authors: Gerber Tamara Annina , Hvidberg Christine Schøtt , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Franke Steven , Sinnl Giulia , Grinsted Aslak , Jansen Daniela , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is the largest active ice stream on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and a crucial contributor to the ice-sheet mass balance. To investigate the ice-stream dynamics and to gain information about the past climate, a deep ice core is drilled in the upstream part of the NEGIS, termed the East Greenland Ice-Core Project (EastGRIP). Upstream flow effects introduce non-climatic bias in ice cores and are particularly strong at EastGRIP due to high ice-flow velocities and the location inside an ice stream on the eastern flank of the GrIS. Understanding and ultimately correcting for such effects requires information on the source area and the local atmospheric conditions at the time of ice deposition. We use a two-dimensional Dansgaard–Johnsen model to simulate ice flow along three approximated flow lines between the summit of the ice sheet (GRIP) and EastGRIP. Model parameters are determined using a Monte Carlo inversion by minimizing the misfit between modelled isochrones and isochrones observed in radio-echo-sounding (RES) images. We calculate backward-in-time particle trajectories to determine the source area of ice found in the EastGRIP ice core and present estimates of surface elevation and past accumulation rates at the deposition site. Our results indicate that increased accumulation in the upstream area is predominantly responsible for the constant annual layer thicknesses observed in the upper part of the ice column at EastGRIP. Inverted model parameters suggest that the imprint of basal melting and sliding is present in large segments along the flow profiles and that most internal ice deformation happens in the lower half of the ice column. The results of this study act as a basis for applying upstream corrections to a variety of ice-core measurements, and the model parameters are useful constraints for more sophisticated modelling approaches in the future.
Recovery Processes in a Large Offshore Wind Farm
Authors: Gupta Tanvi , Baidya Roy Somnath
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Wind turbines in a wind farm extract energy from the atmospheric flow and convert it into electricity, resulting in a localized momentum deficit in the wake that reduces energy availability for downwind turbines. Atmospheric momentum convergence from above, below and sides into the wakes replenish the lost momentum, at least partially, so that turbines deep inside a wind farm can continue to function. In this study, we explore recovery processes in a hypothetical offshore wind farm with particular emphasis on comparing the spatial patterns and magnitudes of horizontal and vertical recovery processes and understanding the role of mesoscale processes in momentum recovery in wind farms. For this purpose, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a state-of-the-art mesoscale model equipped with a wind turbine parameterization, to simulate a hypothetical large offshore wind farm with different wind turbine spacings under realistic initial and boundary conditions. Results show that vertical turbulent transport of momentum from aloft is the main contributor to recovery in wind farms except in cases with strong background winds and high inter-turbine spacing where horizontal advective momentum transport can also contribute equally. Vertical recovery shows a systematic dependence on wind speed and wind farm density that can be quantified using low-order empirical equations. Wind farms significantly alter the mesoscale flow patterns, especially for densely packed wind farms under high wind speed conditions. In these cases, the mesoscale circulations created by the wind farms can transport high momentum air from aloft into the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and thus aid in recovery in wind farms. This is a novel study that is one of the first to look at wind farm replenishment processes under realistic meteorological conditions including the role of mesoscale processes. Overall, this study significantly advances our understanding of recovery processes in wind farms and wind farm-ABL interactions.
Հայաստանի առաջին հանրապետության մամուլը
Authors: Ghazaryan Haykanush
Published: February 2021

The First Republic of Armenia initiated a series of activities for building
Statehood and its legislative and executive bodies. Periodiclas were playing a crucial
role in this process. At that time, in Armenian cities such as in Yerevan, Alexandrapolis,
Goris, Kars, Echmiadzin 50 titles of periodicals representing Government, political
parties, professional organizations, youth and education were published. Some of these
periodicals are preserved in the collections of the National Library of Armenia, some in
other organizations; such as in the National Archives, in the Repository of the Ancient
Manuscripts - Matenadaran, in the Museum of Literature and Art Towards 100th
Anniversary of its First Republic the National Library of Armenia has initiated
digitization of periodicals of the First Republic, and the digital surrogates are available
from the database http://tert.nla.am.
Testament Prometeusza
Authors:   Polish Academy of Sciences, Kowal Pawel
Published: February 2021

Książka „Testament Prometeusza. Źródła polityki wschodniej III Rzeczypospolitej" jest poświęcona kształtowaniu się polskiej polityki wschodniej w okresie transformacji oraz wyjaśnieniu jej genezy. Nowa polityka uformowała się w czasie wielkiej zmiany 1989-1991, gdy jeden porządek międzynarodowy został w ciągu kilku lat zastąpiony innym. Autor analizuje te procesy w oparciu o wiele nie znanych wcześniej badaczom dokumentów, przeprowadzone przez siebie ankiety eksperckie i wywiady. Pokazuje zależności pomiędzy polską polityką wschodnią a trendami światowymi i podejściem Jana Pawła II. Prezentuje rolę w kształtowaniu polskiej polityki wschodniej kluczowych polityków epoki m.in. Krzysztofa Skubiszewskiego, Tadeusza Mazowieckiego, Bronisława Geremka czy Zbigniewa Brzezińskiego, wiele uwagi poświęca funkcjonowaniu polskiej dyplomacji w okresie przełomu. Czytelnik otrzymuje kompleksowy opis procesów, które kształtowały politykę wschodnią na początku III Rzeczypospolitej, oraz propozycje ich interpretacji.
Od „Zapisu” do… zapisu historii
Authors: Matusiak Agnieszka , Bakuła Bogusław , Tyszkowska-Kasprzak Elżbieta
Published: February 2021

W książce rysuje szeroki obraz wydarzeń i zjawisk zaistniałych w społecznym, kulturalnym i politycznym pejzażu działań opozycyjnych lat 70.–80. XX wieku. Spory programowe i koncepcje przeszłości, procesy intelektualne oraz koncepcje artystyczne spotykają się tu z portretami twórców, z prezentacjami poszczególnych zdarzeń. Powstaje zróżnicowany krajobraz, zapewne nie jedyny i nie ostatni, na co też należy liczyć w ostatecznym rozrachunku, jaki można wystawić temu zbiorowemu dziełu. Wyjście poza faktograficzną i bibliograficzną fazę refleksji nad kulturą oporu w krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej niedługo owocuje dłuższą serią intelektualnych dokonań, wpisujących tę epokę w obręb kanonicznych obrazów historii każdego społeczeństwa.. Kierunki badań zaprezentowane w niniejszej książce zapowiadają wyjście poza krajowe podwórka i poszerzanie pola obserwacji. Różnorodność postaw światopoglądowych i artystycznych występujących na obszarze Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w świadectwach samizdatu, kultury niezależnej, drugiego obiegu, zjawisk poza cenzurą jest zaskakująca. Podobnie jak dokonywana w przedstawianych poniżej pracach recepcja ich treści mierzona skalą odbioru lub analizą mobilności w przestrzeni społecznej. Badanie różnych dziedzin niezależnej wypowiedzi twórczej oraz intelektualnej uwzględnia też ich relacje z tradycją (przypomnienie antykomunistycznej publicystyki Stefana Żeromskiego), kulturą oficjalną (bracia Strugaccy, Petér Esterházy, Petér Nádas) i emigracyjną (Marian Pankowski, Aleksandr Sołżenicyn, Andriej Zagdanski), stopień współpracy w sferze literatury, teatru, muzyki, kina. Istotnym historycznym wskaźnikiem na mapie niezależnej kultury są losy pokolenia lat 60. ukazane w kilku referatach (Wasyl Stus, Václav Havel, Janusz Szpotański, György Konrád, Myrosław Marynowycz). Wyprowadzenie samizdatu w latach 80. poza główne, miejskie ośrodki kultury, powstawanie lokalnych środowisk oporu (Morawy) oraz kontynuowanie tradycji samizdatowych po roku 1991 („Tutejsi” w literaturze białoruskiej, wydawnictwo Wahazar działające w Moskwie) powoduje, że na kulturę niezależną możemy spoglądać jako na zjawisko zakorzenione w świadomości społeczeństw i ciągłe, to znaczy występujące wówczas, gdy brakować zaczyna praw obywatelskich, zwłaszcza prawa do swobodnej wypowiedzi. Wiele innych tekstów pomieszczonych w niniejszej książce również stanowi dowód na to, iż zgłoszone tutaj postulaty badawcze, zarysowane kierunki badań nie pozostają w sferze pustych oczekiwań, lecz stanowią ich realizację we właściwym sobie rozumieniu i w odniesieniu do warunków, w których powstały.
Courage and Fear
Authors: Hnatiuk Ola (Aleksandra)
Published: February 2021

Courage and Fear is a study of a multicultural city in times when all norms collapse. Ola Hnatiuk presents a meticulously documented portrait of Lviv’s ethnically diverse intelligentsia during World War Two. As the Soviet, Nazi, and once again Soviet occupations tear the city’s social fabric apart, groups of Polish, Ukrainian, and Jewish doctors, academics, and artists try to survive, struggling to manage complex relationships and to uphold their ethos. As their pre-war lives are violently upended, courage and fear shape their actions. Ola Hnatiuk employs diverse sources in several languages to tell the story of Lviv from a multi-ethnic perspective and to challenge the national narratives dominant in Central and Eastern Europe.
Deaf mental health: enhancing literacy through a hearing and deaf community collaboration
Authors: Bone Tracey Anne
Published: February 2021

This article explores the process through which findings of a doctoral study became the impetus for the development of a Deaf Mental Health Committee and two community-based events intended to enhance the mental health literacy of the Deaf community in a large metropolitan city in central Canada. The author, a hearing professional and University professor has provided professional counselling services to clients including those who are Deaf and hard of hearing, and conducted a number of studies in and with the Deaf community. Her doctoral study reported on the experience and narratives of a sample of Deaf adults diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. Participant narratives highlighted gaps in understanding of mental health and mental illness. A goal of enhancing mental health literacy in the Deaf community developed into the establishment of a Deaf Mental Health Committee. This article presents the successes of that Deaf and hearing collaboration.