bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFL Student's Difficulties Toward IELTS Writing Task 2
Authors: Tikupasang Olivia , Hardiyanti Sri , Arman Arman
Published: June 2022

Having assessed the IELTS writing class, the researchers found that the EFL students’ IELTS writing task 2 was still below the standard. This problem shows that writing is still a complex skill faced by EFL students. This study aimed to analyze the problems and errors faced by EFL students in writing IELTS task 2. The instrument of this research was archival documents. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed with the total samples were 5 learners. The research focused on finding out the writing problems made by EFL students and finding out the most frequent problems and errors written by them. The problems were divided into some classifications namely: problem in word choice, punctuation, spelling, and language use involving grammatical area: error of verb, noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, article, preposition, and conjunction. The finding showed that learners encountered some difficulties such as language use 72 (73%), punctuation 8 (8%), spelling 7(7%) and word choice (11%) From the fourth difficultness encountered by EFL Learners language use had the most portion in term of the error made by the learners.
Strategies for European Metrology
Authors:   National Physical Laboratory, Hossain Kamal , Pendrill Leslie ,   SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden
Published: June 2022

Reliable and traceable measurement underpins the welfare of a modern society and plays a critical role in supporting economic competitiveness, manufacturing and trade as well as quality of life. Challenges for metrology are numerous and changing quickly due to rapid development of technologies necessary to meet major societal needs for energy, clean environment, sustainable development and healthcare. New and increasingly sophisticated technologies are creating demand for new metrological development at an unprecedented rate. At the same time, the economic conditions are not particularly favourable for increased investment in the metrology infrastructure; many countries are looking for opportunities for greater co-operation and synergistic developments amongst metrology institutes across national boundaries, and indeed across geographical regions. The Regional Metrology Organisations (RMOs) have a major part to play in this context. In this paper we will discuss how in Europe we are addressing the challenges facing the metrology community. 2. EURAMET
Comparison of IR Calibration Sources: Flat Plate and Cavity Types
Authors:   Fluke Calibration, Kolat Tom
Published: June 2022

Flat plate and cavity sources have geometry designs that qualify both for calibration standards. Differences may arise, however, due to the emissivity of the source, size of the source and the field of view. Additional measurement parameters for infrared radiation thermometers such as measuring distance also warrant important consideration. This paper discusses the setup, process and results of a recent comparison between both source types. It shows through diagrams and gathered data how both sources were measured by a small sample of infrared radiation thermometers, and it discusses the results. While the paper does not defer to the use of one source type over the other, it does discuss test setups and the results from the comparison. Learning Objectives This paper will help the reader gain knowledge of: 1) Flat Plate and Cavity Source Output Energy Fields; 2) Size of Source Effects; 3) Radiation Thermometer Measurement Parameters; and 4) Measurement Setup, Data and Comparison of Results.
EDUCAÇÃO DOMICILIAR: UMA PROPOSTA DE FUTURA INCLUSÃO NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Homem Lilian dos Santos , Nascimento Lavínia Oliveira do
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho teve como abordagem o ensino domiciliar no Brasil. Dessa forma, como principal ponto, explicar brevemente a história de como surgiu, quais os projetos de lei que tramitam e ainda os impactos positivos do ensino domiciliar no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro, bem como compreender o limite do poder estatal perante a educação dos infantes; demonstrando a experiência da existência e aplicação desse método de ensino que é adotado em outros países como meio alternativo àqueles que adotam, além de avaliar se a prática pode ferir o direito público subjetivo à educação da criança e adolescente. Portanto, buscou-se identificar como surgiu o contexto da educação no Brasil, contextualizar o homeschooling dos países estrangeiros com a educação domiciliar do Brasil e analisar os Projetos de Lei que tramitam sobre o tema no país Se, levando em consideração que se trata de um tema inovador para a Educação, legislação e tribunais brasileiros, é de suma importância compreender quais as possíveis mudanças que a inclusão do ensino domiciliar no Brasil implicaria. Utilizou-se neste trabalho a execução de investigação de análises bibliográficas descritivas e dissertativas, baseadas na seleção de trabalhos e apresentação de argumentos fundamentados na visão de inúmeros autores que abordam a temática da proposta. Foi possível evidenciar que o direito a educação da criança e do adolescente, os direitos humanos, estão no centro de todo debate, visto que na CF/88, no Código Civil, no Código Penal, no Estatuto da Criança e Adolescente, na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases e Declaração de Direitos Humanos trazem a Educação Básica como obrigatoriedade de prestação do Estado, mas também compreende-se que aqueles que podem exercê-lo (pais ou responsáveis legais que possuem condições), também estão garantindo esse mesmo direito ao optarem pela escola particular ou realizarem a escolha do Ensino Domiciliar.
Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) estimates 2006–2019 over Europe from a pre-operational ensemble-inversion system
Authors: Munassar Saqr , Rödenbeck Christian , Koch Frank-Thomas , Totsche Kai U. , Gałkowski Michał , Walther Sophia , Gerbig Christoph
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Three-hourly net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is estimated at
spatial scales of 0.25∘ over the European continent, based on the
pre-operational inverse modelling framework “CarboScope Regional” (CSR)
for the years 2006 to 2019. To assess the uncertainty originating from the
choice of a priori flux models and observational data, ensembles of
inversions were produced using three terrestrial ecosystem flux models, two
ocean flux models, and three sets of atmospheric stations. We find that the
station set ensemble accounts for 61 % of the total spread of the annually
aggregated fluxes over the full domain when varying all these elements,
while the biosphere and ocean ensembles resulted in much smaller
contributions to the spread of 28 % and 11 %, respectively. These
percentages differ over the specific regions of Europe, based on the
availability of atmospheric data. For example, the spread of the biosphere
ensemble is prone to be larger in regions that are less constrained by
CO2 measurements. We investigate the impact of unprecedented increase in temperature and simultaneous reduction in soil water content (SWC)
observed in 2018 and 2019 on the carbon cycle. We find that NEE estimates
during these 2 years suggest an impact of drought occurrences represented
by the reduction in net primary productivity (NPP), which in turn leads to
less CO2 uptake across Europe in 2018 and 2019, resulting in anomalies
of up to 0.13 and 0.07 PgC yr−1 above the climatological mean,
respectively. Annual temperature anomalies also exceeded the climatological
mean by 0.46 ∘C in 2018 and by 0.56 ∘C in 2019, while
Standardised Precipitation–Evaporation Index (SPEI) anomalies declined to
−0.20 and −0.05 SPEI units below the climatological mean in both 2018 and
2019, respectively. Therefore, the biogenic fluxes showed a weaker sink of
CO2 in both 2018 and 2019 (−0.22 ± 0.05 and −0.28 ± 0.06 PgC yr−1, respectively) in comparison with the mean −0.36 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1 calculated over the full analysed period (i.e. 14 years).
These translate into a continental-wide reduction in the annual sink by 39 % and 22 %, respectively, larger than the typical year-to-year
standard deviation of 19 % observed over the full period.
Automation creation method for a double planet carrier gear train transplanting mechanism based on functional constraints
Authors: Sun Liang , Huang Xuewen , Xu Yadan , Ye Zhizheng , Wu Chuanyu
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In order to satisfy the design requirements of diversified seedling transplanting mechanisms, this paper carried out systematic research on the creation method of planetary gear train mechanisms for transplanting based on the graph theory and the structural and functional characteristics of the transplanting gear train so as to establish a complete configuration atlas of a transplanting gear train. The structure and transmission ratio constraints of the planetary gear train for transplanting are established on the basis of the displacement graph of the planetary gear train. Selection methods for the planetary gear train rack, input, and output components are also proposed. The classification of three types of planetary gear trains is introduced by analysing the motion characteristics of the seedling transplanting mechanism, which realizes the systematic screening and classification of the double planet carrier gear train (DPGT) configuration. A total of 528 DPGTs, which are suitable for transplanting, including 3 five-bar, 13 six-bar, 92 seven-bar, and 420 eight-bar DPGTs are obtained. The problem of the single planet carrier transplanting mechanism not satisfying the requirements of a diversified transplanting trajectory is solved.
The role of consultancy in university education and professional training in statistics
Authors:   AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Barnett Vic
Published: June 2022

Statistical education and training at tertiary level encompasses a very wide range of actives. There are the short "service" courses for students studying, say, engineering or medicine or politics (often of just 10 or 20 hours providing testing or regression) often nowadays linked to some computational software system. At the next level we encounter in some disciplines such as agriculture, economics or social science, a number of "designer" courses spanning a fair proportion of the study time, perhaps up to one third of the overall programme. Finally, there are full statistics programmers for students of statistics per se (or mathematics programmes oriented to non-deterministic mathematics) where most of the study time is spent on the concepts, methods and practice of probability and statistics, with the inevitable supporting coverage of relevant mathematical material.
Three decades of training government statistical staff in developing countries: the African experience
Authors:   Makerere University, Ntozi James , Kibirige George ,   Makerere University
Published: June 2022

Almost all official statistical services in Africa were introduced during the colonial era with the setting up of statistical units in the colonies and territories whose functions were largely determined by the ruling colonial powers. In East Africa, the service was set up in 1926 as the Statistical Section of the East African Governors' Conference with a mandate of "collecting statistics gradually, on the same method, throughout the territories, and to tabulate and compare results so that true inferences can be drawn" (Singh, 1971). Nigeria's statistical office was established in 1947 wither personnel deployed from the Treasury, Customs and Office of the Chief Secretary.
Teaching biostatistical concepts and methodology to medical professionals: various alternatives
Authors:   University of North Carolina, Bangdiwala Shrikant
Published: June 2022

Physicians and other medical professionals are increasingly aware of their need for biostatistical knowledge, not only if directly involved in research activities, but also if, as a clinical practitioner, one wishes to keep abreast of advance in the field.
A mathematical model of quorum quenching in biofilm colonies and its potential role as an adjuvant for antibiotic treatment
Authors: Ghasemi Maryam , Freingruber Viktoria , Kuttler Christina , Eberl Hermann J
Published: June 2022

We extend a previously presented mesoscopic (i.e. colony scale) mathematical model of the reaction of bacterial biofilms to antibiotics. In that earlier model, exposure to antibiotics evokes two responses: inactivation as the antibiotics kill the bacteria, and inducing a quorum sensing based stress response mechanism upon exposure to small sublethal dosages. To this model we add now quorum quenching as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy. Quorum quenchers are modeled like enzymes that degrade the quorum sensing signal concentration. The resulting model is a quasilinear system of seven reaction-diffusion equations for the dependent variables volume fractions of upregulated (protected), downregulated (unprotected) and inert (inactive) biomass [particulate substances], and for concentrations of a growth promoting nutrient, antibiotics, quorum sensing signal, and quorum quenchers [dissolved substances]. The biomass fractions are subject to two nonlinear diffusion effects: (i) degeneracy, as in the porous medium equation, where biomass vanishes, and (ii) a super-diffusion singularity where as it attains its theoretically possible maximum. We study this model in numerical simulations. Our simulations suggest that for maximum efficacy quorum quenchers should be applied early on before quorum sensing induction in the biofilm can take place, and that an antibiotic strategy that by itself might not be successful can be notably improved upon if paired with quorum quenchers as an adjuvant.
Privacy and public authorities: Issues in the new digital administrative process
Authors: Rodríguez Ayuso Juan Francisco
Published: June 2022

The main objective of this research study is to offer a systematic analysis of consent in the processing of personal data of minors under the General Data Protection Regulation and the Organic Law on the Protection of Personal Data and the Guarantee of Digital Rights. This is the fundamental legal basis for dissecting the essential contours of the electronic signature as the most suitable instrument for guaranteeing the provision of this consent, placing special emphasis on the singularities that this presents when those intervening as data controllers are Public Administrations under the new regulations on trust services.
PENDIDIKAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DALAM MEMANTAU GIZI ANAK STUNTING
Authors: Saputri Nurwinda , Hasyim Dzul Istiqomah
Published: June 2022

stunting merupakan bentuk dari malnutrisi pada anak, sebanyak 156 juta anak di dunia ini terkena stunting. Berdasarkan data survey Status Gizi Balita Indonesa (SSGBI) tahun 2021, angka prevalensi stunting beradaa pada 24,4 % atau 5,33 juta balita. Angka ini telah mengalami penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya. Kejadian stunting di provinsi lampung tahun 2013 hingga 2018 terhitung 15,3 dan lampung menduduki peringkat ke 2 dalam pendataan stunting. BKKBN Lampung mencatat jumlah kasus stunting di pringsewu mencapai 2.186 balita. Stunting adalah permasalahan yang dapat dicegah dengan memberdayakan masyarakat, terkhusus ibu hamil dan ibu yang memiliki balita. Perilaku ibu dan keluarga sangat penting bagi status gizi dan tumbuh kembang anaknya. Tujuan Pengabdian: Dengan terselenggaranya kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu menambag pengetahuan dan cara bersikap ibu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan gizi balita stunting di pringsewu. Metode : Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan, dilaksanakan pertemuan rutin dengan kelompok ibu balita setiap 1 minggu sekali. Hasil: Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini memperlihatkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan peningkatan sikap ibu dalam pemenuhan gizi pada balita dengan p value 0,001.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO ANIMASIPEMBELAJARAN KREATIF DAN INOVATIF MEGGUNAKAN POWTOON BAGI GURU SD
Authors: Arnidha Yunni , Puspito Dhimas Rinda Adi
Published: June 2022

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO ANIMASI PEMBELAJARAN KREATIF DAN INOVATIF MEGGUNAKAN POWTOON BAGI GURU SD. Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin cepat dengan memunculkan pertanyaan terhadap tugas guru sebagai pengajar, masihkah guru dibutuhkan mengajar di depan kelas seorang diri, menuliskan materi di papan tulis lalu menugaskan siswa untuk menyalinnya, dan lain sebagainya. Untuk ini, guru wajib senantiasa mengembangkan potensinya secara professional sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi terkini sehingga tugas guru sebagai pengajar masih tetap diperlukan. Guru dapat memanfaatkan teknologi sebagai sebuah media pembelajaran. Teknologi tersebut dapat mempermudah guru dalam mendeskripsikan atau mengilustrasikan materi yang sedang dipelajari oleh peserta didik. Hal tersebut akan memperjelas antara teori dengan praktik sehingga peserta didik sanggup melihat secara nyata. Selain hal tersebut, guru juga dapat memakai media pembelajaran yang berhubungan dengan teknologi untuk memperluas dan memperdalam pengetahuan untuk dirinya dan peserta didik sendiri. Media pembelajaran perlu dikembangkan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang didukung dengan tersedianya fasilitas yang terdapat di sekolah. Media pembelajaran dalam bentuk video adalah salah satu cara lain yang sempurna untuk digunakan sebagai pelatihan adalah media PowToon berbasis audiovisual media. PowToon merupakan aplikasi berbasis web online yang disediakan bagi pengguna untuk membuat presentasi animasi dengan fitur yang sangat menarik diantaranya animasi tangan, animasi kartun, dan efek transisi yang lebih hidup serta pengaturan timetable yang mudah. Media berbasis PowToon untuk siswa SD memiliki karakteristik belajar yakni meniru, mengamati, dan sangat tertarik pada animasi kartun. Mereka lebih senang bermain sambil belajar. Peneliti tertarik memberikan pelatihan pembuatan suatu video animasi yang didalamnya mengandung unsur edukatif agar siswa lebih senang dan tentunya bisa memahami materi yang telah dipelajari.
SOSIALISASI ZUNG – SELF ANXIETY RATING SCALE
Authors: Rahmawati Asri , Vellyana Diny
Published: June 2022

Sebanyak 510 Kabupaten dan Kota yang terdampak kasus Covid – 19 ini, selain berfokus pada proses peningkatan status kesehatan pasien yang terkonfirmasi penanganan kasus Covid – 19 di daerah kabupaten Pringsewu sendiri sangat membutuhkan perhatian khusus bagi seluruh tenaga kesehatan termasuk perawat. Perawat yang berkerja dalam penanganan pasien Covid – 19 ini tersebar pada beberapa rumah sakit rujukan pasien Covid – 19. Rumah sakit Mitra Husada Pringsewu Lampung terpilih menjadi rumah sakit rujukan pasien Covid – 19 dan memiliki ruangan secara khusus bagi pasien dengan Covid – 19. Kondisi penanganan pasien Covid – 19 memiliki penatalaksanaan tersendiri sehingga membuat perawat harus berkerja lebih banyak baik secara waktu dan tekhnisnya. Perawat adalah salah satu petugas kesehatan yang memiliki tanggung jawab penuh terhadap proses keperawatan pasien di Rumah Sakit ataupun pelayanan kesehatan lainnya. Proses asuhan keperawatan tersebut bergantung pada kondisi kesehatan pasien, hal ini berarti bahwa asuhan keperawatan pasien berpaku pada tingkat ketergantungan pasien. Dalam kasus Covid – 19 perawat harus menjalani proses serangkaian tindakan keperawatan yang diberikan kepada pasien dimulai dari kewajiban menggunakan seragam atau pakaian khusus hasmat hingga proses perawatan yang spesifik dibandingkan dengan pasien – pasien dengan kasus lain. Seiring dengan meningkatnya jam kerja perawat dalam merawat pasien yang terinfeksi Covid – 19 membuat perawat memiliki peluang untuk tertular dan terinfeksi jauh lebih rentan dibandingkan dengan orang lain. Kondisi tersebut membuat perawat memiliki rasa cemas akan terinfeksi oleh Pasien Covid – 19 selama memberikan pelayanan dan asuhan keperawatan
PELATIHAN MODUL POSTABULIN (POSISI TEGAK IBU BERSALIN) SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PERSALINAN YANG AMAN DAN NYAMAN PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS PRINGSEWU
Authors: Septiasari Yeti , Sulistianingsih Apri
Published: June 2022

Pelatihan Modul Postabulin (Posisi Tegak Ibu Bersalin) Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Persalinan Yang Aman Dan Nyaman Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Pringsewu.

Latar belakang: Umumnya, ibu bersalin berbaring dalam posisi telentang (termasuk terlentang, setengah telentang dan lateral) selama persalinan untuk memudahkan Ibu Hamil untuk memantau kemajuan dan melaksanakan prosedur yang membatasi mobilisasi seperti pemeriksaan perut untuk menilai kontraksi uterus, untuk melakukan pemeriksaan vagina untuk menilai kemajuan persalinan dan manuver invasif, untuk memeriksa posisi kepala janin dan untuk menilai detak jantung janin seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Martin et al. Sayangnya, posisi Telentang mengakibatkan hipotensi terlentang mengurangi aktivitas uterus dan menghambat penurunan janin. Saat ini sebagian besar asuhan persalinan dilakukan dalam posisi dorsalrecumbent (setengah terlentang) yang menyebabkan proses persalinan lebih lama termasuk juga di kabupatan Pringsewu. Tujuan Pengabdian: Dengan terselenggaranya kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkan Persalinan Yang Aman Dan Nyaman Di Pada Ibu Hamil Puskesmas Pringsewu. Metode : Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan selama 1 minggu, dengan pre dan post test materi Postabulin. Hasil: Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini memperlihatkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang posisi tegak ibu bersalin dengan p value 0,000.
Forecasting actuarial time series: a practical study of the effect of statistical pre-adjustments
Authors:   Bank of Greece, Milionis Alexandros E. , Galanopoulos Nikolaos G. , Hatzopoulos Peter ,   University of the Aegean, Sagianou Aliki
Published: June 2022

One of the most important risks in the actuarial industry is the longevity risk. The accurate prediction of mortality rates plays a crucial role in the management of the aforementioned risk. Such predictions are performed by modelling the mortality rates using mortality models. Aiming at possible improvements in such forecasts, in this work we examine the effect of data transformation and “linearization” on the quality of time series forecasts of mortality rate data. By the term time series “linearization” is meant the treatment of causes that disrupt the underlying stochastic process measured by a time series. The dataset consists of the time series of the period indices uncovering the mortality trend for England-Wales according to published mortality models. Results indicate a clear improvement in interval forecasts. However, the result on point forecasts is not as clear as is the case of interval forecasts. The documented improvement in interval forecasts can significantly affect the Solvency Capital Requirement, and subsequently the Solvency Ratio for a pension fund. Such an improvement might put some pension providers at a competitive advantage as they have less capital locked in their liabilities. In addition, it was confirmed that the transformed-linearized time series of mortality rates satisfy to a higher extent the need for normality as compared to the original series.
The effects of Federal Reserve's quantitative easing and balance sheet normalization policies on long-term interest rates
Authors: Brissimis Sophocles N. , Georgiou Evangelia A.
Published: June 2022

This paper develops a macro-finance term structure model based on the expectations hypothesis extended to include a time-varying term premium. The model establishes inter alia the link between quantitative easing and the term premium, allowing us to measure the total impact on the bond yield of all phases of the Fed’s unconventional monetary policy implementation, including balance sheet expansion and normalization. Furthermore, by focusing on the long-run behavior of the model, an estimate of the equilibrium real interest rate is derived capturing longer-run macroeconomic trends, including the Fed’s, pre-financial crisis, balance-sheet trend.
Գ. Սրվանձտյանցի՝ մանկաշխարհին առնչվող գրառումները
Authors: Մատիկյան Հասմիկ
Published: June 2022

Աշխատանքում ներկայացվում են երեխային ու նրա պարագաներին առնչվող բանահյուսական պատառիկներ, որոնք տեղ են գտել Գարեգին Սրվանձտյանցի գրառած նյութերում. առկա են նաև տեքստային այլ հյուսվածքներ: Ուսումնասիրությունը կատարվում է լեզվա-բանագիտական տեսանկյունից համեմատական մեթոդի կիրարկմամբ:
Բայական հիմքով վերջաժանցավոր բաղադրությունները գրաբարում
Authors: Վարդանյան Աննա , Հայրապետյան Սերգո
Published: June 2022

Նպատակ ունենալով վեր հանել ածանցման ընդհանուր օրինաչափություններ կապված գրաբարյան վերջածանցների գործառական կենսունակության հետ, հոդվածում քննության առարկա ենք դարձրել վերջածանցման այն կաղապարները, որոնցում միջուկային բաղադրիչը բայական նախատիպ է: Ուսումնասիրությունը հենվում է 5-րդ դարից ավանդված մատենագրության բառապաշարի վրա քաղված Նոր հայկազյան բառարանից:
Անեծքը հայկական ժողովրդական երգերում
Authors: Ղռեջան Լուսինե
Published: June 2022

Ժողովրդական ստեղծագործություններում հանդես են գալիս ժանրային տարբեր դրսևորումներ, որոնք առանձնակի բազմերանգություն են հաղորդում հորինվածքին: Հայկական ժողովրդական անեծքները, հանդիսանում են հմայական- կիրառական բանահյուսության նախնական տեսակներից և իրենց բնորոշ գծերով առանձնանալով ժողովրդական բանարվեստի մյուս տեսակներից, միաժամանակ սերտորեն կապված են դրանց հետ: Այդ կապը դրսևորվում յուրահատկությունների, պատկերավորման միջոցների, այնպես էլ այս կամ այն ստեղծագործության ամբողջական կամ հատվածային կիրառությամբ: Աշխատանքում քննության են առնվում անեծքների բազմաբնույթ առնչությունները հայկական ժողովրդական երգերին (հայրեններ, անտունիներ, խաղիկներ):
Կիրակոս Գանձակեցու աշխատությունը մոնղոլական արշավանքների ուսումնասիրման սկզբնաղբյուր
Authors: Գասպարյան Արշավիր , Մովսեսյան Կարինե
Published: June 2022

Հոդվածի շրջանակներում սկզբնաղբյուրների հաղորդումների և գիտական գրականության ուսումնասիրությունների համադրմամբ առանձին ուսումնասիրման նյութ են դարձել պատմագիր Կիրակոս Գանձակեցու հաղորդումները մոնղոլական արշավանքների վերաբերյալ: Առանձնացվել է ներկայացված նյութի հավաստիության աստիճանը և աղբյուրագիտական նշանակությունը: Գանձակեցու աշխատությունը, հիրավի, անզուգական ու ստուգապատում աղբյուր է մոնղոլագիտության զարգացման համար:
Determine Mean Serum Ferritin Level in Children with Febrile Seizures and Compare with Children without Seizures
Authors: Bazai Shamsullah , Khalil Saqib , Jabeen Nighat , Javed Mubeena , Mannan Muhammad Shaheer , . Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compare the mean serum ferritin level in children with febrile seizures and without febrile seizures. Study Design: Cross sectional/case control Place & Duration: Swat Medical Complex Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat/CMH Lahore from the period January 2021 to June, 2021 Methods: 140 children with ages 5 to 60 months were enrolled in this study. All the patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I consist of 70 patients with febrile seizures and group II with same patients without febrile seizures. Complete blood picture and serum ferritin level was examined and compare the findings between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 42 (60%) patients were male and 28 (40%) were females with mean age 24.26±10.38 months and in groupII 40 (57.14%) were males and 30 (42.86%) were females with mean age 23.65±11.56 months. Mean serum ferritin level was significantly lower in group I patients than group II 24.48±10.82ng/ml Versus 42.45±12.64ng/ml with p-value <0.05. Iron deficiency was higher in patients with febrile seizures than patients with without seizures 22 Vs 10. Conclusion: It is concluded that children with febrile seizure had significantly lower serum ferritin level and higher iron deficiency rate as compared to children without seizure. Keywords: Febile Seizures, Febrile Illness, Serum Ferritin Level, Hemoglobin, Iron Deficiency
A Comparative Study on Outcome of Three Dissimilar Approaches for Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children
Authors: Raza Muhammad Shahbaz , Ahmad Saeed , Sarfraz Muhammad , Zeb Syed Alam , Khan Rahim
Published: June 2022

Aim: To compare the radiological and functional results of lateral, medial and posterior access for K-wire fixation and open reduction among children with type III supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Place and Duration: In the Orthopedic department of PIMS hospital, Islamabad for three-year duration from October 2018 to September 2021. Methods: All children with type-3 supracondylar fractures of the humerus who were operated and followed for at least one year who met the criteria of inclusion were involved in the research. There were 105 total children in this study. Lateral approach, Medial approach and posterior approach was used in 35 children each. Medical records were reviewed for surgical access, and children with lateral (LA), medial (MA), and posterior (PA) access were screened. The radiological result was evaluated by measuring the Baumann angle and Shaft Condylar Angle (SCA). All children were applied with Flynn's criteria for functional results, which were classified as excellent, good, poor (unsatisfactory) and Fair (satisfactory). The results from medial, lateral and posterior approaches were compared and the P value was determined using the Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square test (significant P value <0.05). Results: There were 105 total children in this study. Lateral approach, Medial approach and posterior approach was used in 35 children each. The mean age of children with Lateral approach was 8.60 ± 4.2 years, Medial approach 7.15 ± 4.1 years and with posterior approach 7.9 ± 5.9 years. The mean angle of the condylar axis was 41.9±7.4°, 42.5 ± 3.2 ° and 42.1±2.1 o in lateral approach, Medial approach and posterior approach respectively (p> 0.05). The mean Bauman angle was 20.1±3.9 o, 21.1±6.1 o and 22.2±3.4 o in lateral approach, Medial approach and posterior approach (P> 0.05). Excellent results were obtained in 25 (71.4%), 19 (54.3%) and 17 (48.6%) patients in lateral approach, Medial approach and posterior approach respectively. (P> 0.05) Good results were obtained in 10 (28.6%) children in LA, 16 (45.7%) children in MA and 18 (51.4%) children in PA (P> 0.05). Conclusions: The lateral approach for the supracondylar fracture gave better functional and radiological results in our patients in comparison to the medial and posterior approach. Though, the difference was not statistically significant. Keywords: Functional outcome, Flynn's criteria, Supracondylar fractures and Open reduction
Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change to Understand High School Students’ Hookah Smoking Behavior
Authors: Ramadhan Darya Subhi , Habeeb Mohammed Baqer
Published: June 2022

Objective(s): The aim of this study is to understand high school students’ hookah smoking behavior. Methodology: Part of the study was an experimental randomized controlled trial used to guide this study. The study was carried out at Tuz High School for males in Tuz Khurmatu District, Salah-Aldeen Governorate. The study included a simple random sample of 144 high school students. The study instrument includes students’ sociodemographic data. It also includes the Stages of Change Scale for Hookah Smoking, The Processes of Change Scale for Hookah Smoking, The Self-Efficacy/ Temptation Scale for Hookah Smoking, and The Decisional Balance Scale for Hookah Smoking. Data were collected using a self-reported method for the period from November 1st, 2021 to March 31th, 2022. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) for Windows, version 26. Results: The study results revealed that more than two-fifth of subjects in the study group were in the Precontemplation Stages of Change, followed by those who were in the Contemplation, and those in the Preparation Stage of Change. The administered intervention made subjects use more Processes of Change, enhanced their Self-Efficacy and Decisional Balance of hookah smoking cessation. Conclusion: The Stage-matched intervention efficaciously made students use more Processes of Change of hookah smoking, enhanced their Self-Efficacy/Temptation of hookah smoking, and Decisional Balance of hookah smoking. The lower the Stage of Change, the poorer the Self-Efficacy for hookah smoking cessation.
Diabetes-Related Complications and Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Different Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Rehman Laeeq Ur , Mushtaq Komal , Amjad Haseeb
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Globally, cardiovascular disease is the main contributor to mortality, accounting for about 17.5 million deaths, or 46.2% of deaths from non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the diabetes-related complications and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving different oral anticoagulants. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal during July 2021 till December 2021. The data were collected from 120 diabetic patients who diagnosed with AF. After permission from hospital ethical committee, total 120 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was enrolled in the study. Detailed history of DM and physical examination was done to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The data was collected from 120 patients. Out of 120 participants, 60 were treated with warfarin while 60 were considered as control group. Median age was 26 years in the group I and 25.3 years in the group II (p=0.705). Female cases counted for 41 (86%) and 19 (14%) in I and II groups, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with AF and diabetes have a high overall cardiovascular risk. Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were associated with lower hazards of diabetes complications and mortality than warfarin in patients with AF and DM.
Complications of Colostomy Reversal in Patients with Imperforate ANUS
Authors: Azim Amnah , Saeed Nida , Kumara Nitu , Hassan Amema , Chishti Noorulain , Chishti Sadaf
Published: June 2022

Background: Colostomy reversal after definitive procedure in patients of Imperforate Anus (for example; PSARP) can be difficult and challenging for surgeon due to proximal and distal gut lumen discrepancy, short length of distal loop, difficult mobilization of stoma. These factors affect the anastomosis and anastomosis is done under tension due to these factors. Colostomies which are reversed under tension mostly results in anastomosis leakage and increases the morbidity and mortality rate. The objective of this study to assess postoperative outcome in terms of complications following colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus. Material and Methods: This is a prospective study done at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health Karachi during the period of 6months from December 2016 to June 2017. A Self- structured performa was used to collect the data of total 84 Patients who Underwent Colostomy Reversal after definitive procedure for imperforate anus . Data analyzed through SPSS version 20. A descriptive statistical analysis of continous and categorical variables were performed. Continuous data (like age) expressed as mean SD. The categorical data like gender, wound infections , anastomosis leakage expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: Out of total 84 children, majority 51 (60.7%) children were presented with ≤4 years of age (Mean age 4.15±3.12 years). Majority 55 (65.5%) children were presented with >8 kg of weight (Mean weight 13.31±6.00 kg). There were 41 (48.8%) males and 43 (51.2%) females. Intra-operative difficulty was found in 55 (65.5%) children. Postoperative complication showed that wound infections were observed in 10 (11.9%) children while frequency of anastomotic leakage was found in 12 (14.3%) children. Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage was found to be higher following colostomy closure in children with intra-operative difficulty due to proximal and distal gut lumen discrepancy, short length of distal loop and dense adhesions making difficult the mobilization of stoma. Keywords: Postoperative outcome, Complications, Colostomy closure, Imperforate anus
Correlation of Total Thyroid Volume with Thyroid Hormone among Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Local Population, karachi
Authors: Ahmed Hira , Nigar Soofia , Fahmi Shazia , Jabeen Hina , Rasool Raffat , Kamran Mahrukh
Published: June 2022

Objective: The goal of the study was to find a link between the total size of the thyroid as measured by ultrasonography and the levels of thyroid hormones (TSH and FT4) in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Karachi. Methodology: Between October 2016 and December 2018, the DUHS Ojha Campus in Karachi, Pakistan, hosted a clinical study in the Gynecology Outpatient Department (OPD) and the Radiology Department. Two groups of women between the ages of 14 and 45 who could bear children and were therefore candidates for recruitment (pregnant and non-pregnant women). Using an ultrasound, the total volume of the thyroid was accurately measured after ensuring that certain inclusion and exclusion criteria had been met. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using blood drawn from each of the women (TSH and FT4). At the Ojha campus of the Dow University of Health Sciences, the Ojha Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, the blood test was performed (DDRRL). Results: The study had 100 participants, 50 of whom were pregnant and the other 50 who were not. Total thyroid volume and the results of blood tests like serum TSH and FT4 were taken into account when comparing the two groups. Thyroid hormone levels were inversely correlated with thyroid volume in both groups of participants. Pregnant women had a total thyroid volume of 7.023.21, compared to 5.582.41 in non-pregnant women. When the p-value was less than 0.001, it was clear that the number of women who were pregnant had increased significantly. A pregnant woman's TSH level was 1.801.11 IU/mL, which was significantly higher than that of a non-pregnant woman's TSH level (p-value = 0.01). Non-pregnant women had an average FT4 level of 1.230.44 ng/dL, while pregnant women had an average FT4 level of 0.960.13 ng/dL. Conclusion: So, our study shows that at least half of the pregnant women in our population do have some kind of thyroid hormone deficiency. During pregnancy, the size of the gland grows, which is a sign of an iodine deficiency. Keywords: Pregnant women, non-pregnant women, TSH, FT4 and total thyroid volume.
Effectiveness of Self-Care Intervention Program on Patients with Colostomy
Authors: Atta Noor Hussein , Mohammed Souad Jassim
Published: June 2022

Background: The function of the colostomy nurse has advanced from that of a bedside caregiver to that of an enter-stomal therapist or a nurse scientific expert with ostomy care experience. Nurses play a critical role in health education, assisting and motivating patients to take care of themselves. They serve as health educators in practically all health-care settings, promoting patient health literacy and assisting them in managing and becoming acquainted with their situation. (1). Methodology: In order to fulfill the study's aims, the researcher constructed a questionnaire format to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-care Intervention Program on patients with colostomies at Al Nasiriyah teaching hospital. The questionnaire is divided into three sections: Part I: Self-administered sheet relating to the patients' demographic characteristics, such as (age, gender, and Marital status, educational level, and occupation). Part II: Self-Administered Sheet Concerning Patients' Colostomy Knowledge There are twelve multiple choice questions in all. Part III: Ostomy Self-Care Observational Checklist has sixteen items. The instrument's reliability was verified by using intra examiner (test and retest) and inter examiner (alpha Cronbach) tests, and the instrument's validity was assessed by a panel of (15) experts. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical data (frequency, percent, Mean of Score (MS), Variations among both pre / post Mean of Score, Standard Deviation (SD), and (RS percent) Relative Sufficiency) as well as inferential analysis (Chi-Square test, Contingency Coefficients (C.C.) test, t-test, and (ANOVA) Analysis of Covariance). Results of the study: The study's findings revealed that the effectiveness of a self-care intervention program on patients' colostomy knowledge and practices significantly improved. It also demonstrates that there are very significantly different in the study group's overall primary domains connected to knowledge of patients' and their practices between pre and post-tests. Conclusion: This study found that patients with colostomies had insufficient knowledge and suboptimal colostomy self-care practices prior to the adoption of the self-care intervention program. Their knowledge and practices improved following the introduction of the self-care intervention program. Recommendations: The study recommended that patients with colostomies receive close care via consultations and telephone conversations to assist identify and resolve their difficulties. Develop instructional special units in surgical departments, particularly in colon operations, with experienced enterstomal caregivers and all essential reference resources, such as technical manuals and multimedia elements. Keywords: Effectiveness, Self-Care, Intervention Program, Colostomy.
Effectiveness of the Interventional Program on Nurses’ Practices about Enteral Feeding Tube for Premature Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jabbar Heyam Adnan , Hattab Khatam M.
Published: June 2022

Background: Nurses who are members of the health-care team are responsible for monitoring the dietary requirements of babies. Those who care for newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) must be well-versed in nutrition and feeding techniques, and they must follow scientifically verified recommendations when doing their duties. Objective: This aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventional program on nurses’ practices about enteral feeding tube for premature neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design using test-retest approach for study group and control group participants employed in Kirkuk City Hospitals being, evaluated in three periods pre-test, post-test-1, and post-test-2. The interventional program being delivered as classroom lectures for participant. Data collection is done by self-administrated questionnaire form, and it was given for nurses to answer after taking their agreement. A non - probability purposive sample selected from nurses who were working at the neonatal intensive care units. The sample was forty nurses, (20) nurses enrolled as a control group and (20) nurses enrolled as a study group. The study group participants were exposed to an interventional program. The selection criteria included Only neonatal nurses’ who have from (1-20 and more) years of experience in the neonatal intensive care unit. Results: The findings in this table indicated that there is improvement in the nurses practice related to the insertion of the enteral feeding tube for the premature neonates and initiating continuous enteral feeding in the 1st period of (pretest and Posttest I) than (study group) in the 2nd period (pretest and posttest II) in item (number 1) by suggested sign score of assessment through the relative sufficiency. Conclusion: The interventional program demonstrated a favorite effect on nurses’ practice regarding the insertion of enteral feeding tubes and initiation continuous enteral feeding tube for the premature neonates. Keywords: Interventional Program, Nurses, practices, Enteral Feeding Tube, Premature Neonates, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Effectiveness of an Interventional Program on Nurses' Practices Concerning Nursing Management for Patients with Stroke
Authors: Haloob Al-Abedi Haider Mohammed , Mansour Khalida Alwan
Published: June 2022

Background: Stroke is the major cause of adult disability and mortality in the United Kingdom. A stroke can have a deleterious effect on patients, their families, and their caregivers. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the interventional program on nurses' practice concerning nursing management for patients with stroke. Methodology: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized. Data was gathered from Al-Sadder Medical City's neurological wards and emergency department in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf City. All nurses (n = 60) were divided into two groups; thirty nurses in the study group were exposed to the nursing interventional program; thirty nurses were not exposed to the program. The researcher constructed an educational program and instruments to reach the aims of the present study. The program deals with 9 main domains related to nursing management for patients with stroke Two tools were used to measure the effectiveness of the education program the first tool: was a self-administered questionnaire sheet related to socio-demographic data; the second tool: Observational checklist to evaluate nurses' practice regarding the management of patients with stroke Results: The majority of the nurses in both groups are those with an age range of 25–29 years old, and the high percentages of participants in both groups (53.3%) are females in the study and control groups. Overall evaluation of study group practices regarding the management of patients with stroke at the pre-test was poor with a (0.522) mean score, and the post-test was good with a (1.762) mean score. Conclusion: The current study revealed the effectiveness of the interventional program where nurses' practice improved significantly as compared to before implementing the program. Recommendation: The study recommended generalizing implementation of the designed interventional program for nurses as routine hospital management for patients with stroke. Keywords: Practices, Nursing Management, Stroke.
Awareness about Advantages and Disadvantages of Abdominoplasty in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mahmoud Madiha R. , Alturki Farah Khalid F , M Alshammari Abdulwahab Hatim , Aldhferi Maram Mubarak N , Omar Nada Mohammad M , Alshammari Shuruq Obaid , Alobaidi Zainab Eisa J , Alzahrani Moath Saleh S , Abdelaziz Sherif Gad
Published: June 2022

Background: Abdominoplasty (AP) is a pervasive procedure in cosmetic clinics with spectrum cosmetic reasons used globally under the giant umbrella of enhancing the quality of life. In Saudi Arabia (KSA), AP is the most common requested body-contouring surgery. It is associated with a significant number of complications, thus, there is a need to increase the clinical knowledge of physicians about AP to increase their clinical management ability of these patients as well raise the awareness of potential patients. Aim of study: The study aims to increase the awareness about advantages and disadvantages of AP among Saudi physicians and patients going to have an AP surgery. Methodology: The study adopts a quantitative descriptive approach among public and private cosmetic clinics practicing AP surgery. An online questionnaire form was distributed to patients who had AP surgery. Results: total of 229 patients participated in this study, 172 (75.1%) males and 57 (24.9%) females. One third of participants with BMI >30. The main reasons of performing AP surgery were cosmetics (96.9%), weight loss (86.9%), sagging skin (67.2%) and stretch marks (42.8%). only 12.2% need to re-correct their primary operations and majority (89.9 %%) reported a positive response of AP satisfaction, weight loss (67.9%) and emotional and social benefits (66.4%). Conclusion: We conclude that most of the study participants were satisfied with their results. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data in Saudi Arabia, and this study somewhat fulfill the current gap about the advantages and disadvantages of AP surgery. Keywords: Cosmetic Surgery, Risks post Abdominoplasty, Advantages & Disadvantages, Obesity, KSA.