bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholangiocarcinoma: The Current Status of Surgical Options including Liver Transplantation
Authors: Esmail Abdullah , Badheeb Mohamed , Alnahar Batool , Almiqlash Bushray , Sakr Yara , Khasawneh Bayan , Al-Najjar Ebtesam , Al-Rawi Hadeel , Abudayyeh Ala , Rayyan Yaser , Abdelrahim Maen
Published: May 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a substantial threat as it ranks as the second most prevalent primary liver tumor. The documented annual rise in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) incidence in the United States is concerning, indicating its growing impact. Moreover, the five-year survival rate after tumor resection is only 25%, given that tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death in 53–79% of patients. Pre-operative assessments for iCCA focus on pinpointing tumor location, biliary tract involvement, vascular encasements, and metastasis detection. Numerous studies have revealed that portal vein embolization (PVE) is linked to enhanced survival rates, improved liver synthetic functions, and decreased overall mortality. The challenge in achieving clear resection margins contributes to the notable recurrence rate of iCCA, affecting approximately two-thirds of cases within one year, and results in a median survival of less than 12 months for recurrent cases. Nearly 50% of patients initially considered eligible for surgical resection in iCCA cases are ultimately deemed ineligible during surgical exploration. Therefore, staging laparoscopy has been proposed to reduce unnecessary laparotomy. Eligibility for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) requires certain criteria to be granted. OLT offers survival advantages for early-detected unresectable iCCA; it can be combined with other treatments, such as radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization, in specific cases. We aim to comprehensively describe the surgical strategies available for treating CCA, including the preoperative measures and interventions, alongside the current options regarding liver resection and OLT.
Immune Regulation and Immune Therapy in Melanoma: Review with Emphasis on CD155 Signalling
Authors: Wu Li-Ying , Park Su-Ho , Jakobsson Haakan , Shackleton Mark , Möller Andreas
Published: May 2024

Melanoma is commonly diagnosed in a younger population than most other solid malignancies and, in Australia and most of the world, is the leading cause of skin-cancer-related death. Melanoma is a cancer type with high immunogenicity; thus, immunotherapies are used as first-line treatment for advanced melanoma patients. Although immunotherapies are working well, not all the patients are benefitting from them. A lack of a comprehensive understanding of immune regulation in the melanoma tumour microenvironment is a major challenge of patient stratification. Overexpression of CD155 has been reported as a key factor in melanoma immune regulation for the development of therapy resistance. A more thorough understanding of the actions of current immunotherapy strategies, their effects on immune cell subsets, and the roles that CD155 plays are essential for a rational design of novel targets of anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we comprehensively discuss current anti-melanoma immunotherapy strategies and the immune response contribution of different cell lineages, including tumour endothelial cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cytotoxic T cells, cancer-associated fibroblast, and nature killer cells. Finally, we explore the impact of CD155 and its receptors DNAM-1, TIGIT, and CD96 on immune cells, especially in the context of the melanoma tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
RETRACTED: Raya et al. Synthesis, Characterization and Photodegradation Studies of Copper Oxide–Graphene Nanocomposites. Coatings 2021, 11, 1452
Authors: Raya Indah , Ahmad Awais , Alkaim Ayad F. , Bokov Dmitry , Alwaily Enas R. , Luque Rafael , Alsaiari Mabkhoot , Jalalah Mohammed
Published: May 2024

The Coatings Editorial Office retracts the article, “Synthesis, Characterization and Photodegradation Studies of Copper Oxide–Graphene Nanocomposites” [...]
Deciphering the Effects of Different Types of Sunlight Radiation on Skin Function: A Review
Authors: Letsiou Sophia , Koldiri Elpida , Beloukas Apostolos , Rallis Efstathios , Kefala Vasiliki
Published: May 2024

Sunlight radiation is a fundamental component of our daily lives. Specifically, blue light as well as UV light appear to play a role in the development of oxidative stress, DNA damage, photoaging, and pigmentation through the chromophores in skin tissues. However, several skin problems like psoriasis, eczema, and atopic dermatitis can be avoided with short-duration exposures to low-energy blue light radiation or UV radiation. In addition, exploring the effects of blue light as well as UV radiation on skin is quite essential for the development of minimally invasive antiaging strategies and for the design of innovative cosmetic formulations in modern aesthetics and cosmetology. Thus, in this review, we present the advantages as well as the disadvantages of light radiation, with a special focus on blue light and UV radiation activity on the human skin. We also discuss the molecular action of blue light and UV radiation on human skin. Other types of light radiation are included to holistically approach the effect of light on human skin.
Fractional Ablative Carbon Dioxide Laser versus Fractional Non-Ablative 1410 nm Diode Laser in the Treatment of Acne Scars: A Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Osman Mai Abdelraouf , Fawy Shaimaa Mohamedadel , Abouelfadl Dalia M. , Abdel Salam Mohamed Fouad , Sharobim Amin , Tawfik Abeer Attia
Published: May 2024

Background: Effectively managing acne scars while minimizing consequences is still a challenging task. The primary determinant in selecting and continuing therapy for a specific device is stimulating collagen production and dermal remodeling with the fewest possible complications. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and immunohistochemical results of ablative fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser versus fractional non-ablative diode laser for treating facial acne scars. Methods and Materials: Thirty patients with atrophic acne scars were included in a split-face comparative study. Right and left facial sides received three sessions of FCO2 and diode laser, respectively, at one-month intervals. One month after the third session, patients were evaluated using photographs, the Goodman and Baron qualitative and quantitative global scarring grading system, the investigator’s global assessment, and patient satisfaction. A sample was collected from the area that had been treated, and the tissue was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H–E) staining and immunohistochemistry staining for collagen I. Results: Goodman and Baron global scores showed a statistically significant difference compared to baseline on both sides of the face. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment modalities. Biopsy specimens showed an increased deposition of collagen I by both laser devices, which was validated and described by immunohistochemistry staining. Conclusion: Both FCO2 and fractional non-ablative diode lasers proved their efficacy in treating different types of acne scars. For patients who are interested in no downtime and no complications, fractional non-ablative diode laser is recommended as an efficient alternative modality.
Growth Rings in Nine Tree Species on a Neotropical Island with High Precipitation: Coco Island, Costa Rica
Authors: Moya Róger , Tenorio Carolina , Acosta-Vargas Luis
Published: May 2024

Coco Island, located 530 km off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, experiences rainfall of over 7000 mm/year. This study aims to explore the distinctiveness of the growth ring boundaries and the dendrochronological potential (DP) of nine tree species found on Coco Island. The distinctiveness was classified into type 1: density variation; type 2: marginal parenchyma; type 3: fiber/parenchyma pattern; type 4: vessel distribution, and type 5: fiber band. Cecropia pittieri and Henriettella fascicularis lacked growth ring boundaries and, therefore, did not present any DP. Growth ring type 1 occurred in Ardisia compressa, Henriettea succosa, Henriettella odorata, and Psychotria cocosensis. Ocotea insularis and Sacoglottis holdridgei exhibited type 5 growth rings, with sufficient distinctiveness. Finally, Eugenia pacifica possessed growth rings of type 3 and type 4, but with limited distinctiveness in the growth ring boundary. In relation to DP, A. compressa, E. pacifica, and P. cocosensis presented low DP; meanwhile, H. succosa, H. odorata, O. insularis, and S. holdridgei demonstrated medium DP. If these species are found in abundance with a diameter exceeding 60 cm, a cross-dating technique like bomb-spike dating is established to confirm the annual growth of the ‘bands’. As these species exhibit some DP, they can be used to establish a chronology spanning 50–130 years, which could be utilized to create climate proxies or derive ecologically and climatically meaningful information. Additionally, the information presented could pave the way for future studies of sites that also have very high rainfall, where trees are presumed to lack annual growth rings.
Assessing Carbon Sequestration Potential in State-Owned Plantation Forests in China and Exploring Feasibility for Carbon Offset Projects
Authors: Chen Zheng , Dayananda Buddhi , Du Huaqiang , Zhou Guomo , Wang Guangyu
Published: May 2024

In the pursuit of carbon neutrality, state-owned forests are prime candidates for carbon offset projects due to their unique tenure and management characteristics. Employing methodologies endorsed by the International Panel on Climate Change and logistic growth curves, this study assesses the carbon stocks and sequestration potential of established state-owned plantation forests across 31 Chinese provinces from 2023 to 2060, encompassing seven forestry industry groups. This study projects that by 2060, these forests will amass a carbon stock of 558.25 MtC, with the highest stock in Northeast China (122.09 MtC) and the lowest in Northwest China (32.27 MtC), notably showing the highest growth rate at 91.15%. Over the forecast period, they are expected to accumulate a carbon sink of 637.07 MtCO2e, translating to an average annual carbon sink of 17.22 MtCO2e and an average annual carbon sink per unit of 1.41 tons of CO2 per hectare per year. Additionally, state-owned forests have the potential to offset approximately 0.15%–0.17% of annual carbon emissions, aligning with international climate goals. However, it is essential to note that the conversion of these carbon sinks into tradable carbon credits is subject to specific methodology requirements. Therefore, the future development of carbon offset projects in China’s state-owned forests should consider the advancement of carbon market mechanisms, including the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction and the introduction of a carbon inclusion mechanism and natural forest methodology, to fully realize their potential contributions to carbon neutrality. In summary, these findings offer valuable insights for shaping the future of carbon offset initiatives within China’s state-owned forests.
Forest Management Type Identification Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning
Authors: Liu Jiang , Chen Jingmin , Chen Shaozhi , Wu Keyi
Published: May 2024

Forest management is the fundamental approach to continuously improve forest quality and achieve the quadruple functions of forests. The identification of forest management types is the basis of forest management and a key technical link in the formulation of forest management plans. However, due to insufficient application of forestry informatization and digitization, there are problems in the organization and application of management types, such as inaccurate identification, diversified standards, long organizational cycles, and low decision-making efficiency. Typical technical models are difficult to widely promote and apply. To address these challenges, this study proposes the Stacking Ensemble Forest Management Type Identification (SEFMTI) method based on Stacking ensemble learning. Initially, four typical forest management types from the sustainable forest management pilot of the Yichun Forestry Group were selected as research subjects, and 19 stand parameters were chosen to form the research data, training various recognition models. Subsequently, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) methods were used to analyze key decision-making indicators for forest management type recognition and compare the performance of different models. The results show that (1) the SEFMTI model achieved an accuracy rate of 97.14%, effectively improving the accuracy of forest management type recognition while ensuring stability; (2) average age (AG), age group (AGG), crown density (CD), and stand origin (SO) are key decision-making indicators for recognizing forest management types; and (3) after feature selection, the SEFMTI model significantly enhanced the efficiency of model training while maintaining a high accuracy rate. The results validate the feasibility of the SEFMTI identification method, providing a basis for the gradual implementation of sustainable forest management pilots and aiding in the precise improvement of forest quality.
Object and Event Detection Pipeline for Rink Hockey Games
Authors: Lopes Jorge Miguel , Mota Luis Paulo , Mota Samuel Marques , Torres José Manuel , Moreira Rui Silva , Soares Christophe , Pereira Ivo , Gouveia Feliz Ribeiro , Sobral Pedro
Published: May 2024

All types of sports are potential application scenarios for automatic and real-time visual object and event detection. In rink hockey, the popular roller skate variant of team hockey, it is of great interest to automatically track player movements, positions, and sticks, and also to make other judgments, such as being able to locate the ball. In this work, we present a real-time pipeline consisting of an object detection model specifically designed for rink hockey games, followed by a knowledge-based event detection module. Even in the presence of occlusions and fast movements, our deep learning object detection model effectively identifies and tracks important visual elements in real time, such as: ball, players, sticks, referees, crowd, goalkeeper, and goal. Using a curated dataset consisting of a collection of rink hockey videos containing 2525 annotated frames, we trained and evaluated the algorithm’s performance and compared it to state-of-the-art object detection techniques. Our object detection model, based on YOLOv7, presents a global accuracy of 80% and, according to our results, good performance in terms of accuracy and speed, making it a good choice for rink hockey applications. In our initial tests, the event detection module successfully detected an important event type in rink hockey games, namely, the occurrence of penalties.
Using ChatGPT in Software Requirements Engineering: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Marques Nuno , Silva Rodrigo Rocha , Bernardino Jorge
Published: May 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have had a significant impact on several domains, including software engineering. However, a comprehensive understanding of LLMs’ use, impact, and potential limitations in software engineering is still emerging and remains in its early stages. This paper analyzes the role of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-3.5, in software requirements engineering, a critical area in software engineering experiencing rapid advances due to artificial intelligence (AI). By analyzing several studies, we systematically evaluate the integration of ChatGPT into software requirements engineering, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations. This evaluation is based on a comparative analysis that highlights ChatGPT’s efficiency in eliciting requirements, accuracy in capturing user needs, potential to improve communication among stakeholders, and impact on the responsibilities of requirements engineers. The selected studies were analyzed for their insights into the effectiveness of ChatGPT, the importance of human feedback, prompt engineering techniques, technological limitations, and future research directions in using LLMs in software requirements engineering. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a differentiated perspective on how ChatGPT can reshape software requirements engineering practices and provides strategic recommendations for leveraging ChatGPT to effectively improve the software requirements engineering process.
Production of Flathead Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a Coupled Aquaponic System under Suboptimal Water Temperatures
Authors: Gisbert Enric , Molas Sandra , Hernández Esteban , Carbó Ricard , Ruiz Alberto
Published: May 2024

The combined production of three varieties of lettuce (romaine, iceberg, and red leaf) with flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) was tested in triplicate in three independent coupled aquaponic units with no thermal control. For this purpose, a total of 114 fish (2.5 kg/m3) were stocked in each fish tank (2 m3), and 92 lettuces were planted in the hydroponic unit (6 m2). As no thermal control was included in the design of the aquaponic system, water temperatures declined from maximum values of 20.4 °C to minimum values of 5.0 °C, which directly affected fish growth. However, the conditions imposed by the aquaponic system were suitable for promoting lettuce’s growth and external appearance, as no pests or leaf discoloration were noticed. Lettuce survival was similar among the three tested varieties (98.5 ± 1.7%). The yields for the romaine and iceberg varieties were 384 ± 100 g/lettuce and 316 ± 70 g/lettuce, respectively, and that for the red leaf variety was lower, at 176 ± 75 g/lettuce. Yield values ranged between 3.6 and 4.4 kg/m2 depending on the replicate considered (4.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2). According to present results, each aquaponic unit required ca. 2.6–2.7 L of water per unit of lettuce produced.
Enhancing Effector Jurkat Cell Activity and Increasing Cytotoxicity against A549 Cells Using Nivolumab as an Anti-PD-1 Agent Loaded on Gelatin Nanoparticles
Authors: Ali Dalia S. , Gad Heba A. , Hathout Rania M.
Published: May 2024

The current research investigated the use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The unique feature of GNPs is their biocompatibility and functionalization potential, improving the delivery and the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs with fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments. This exploration of GNPs represents an innovative direction in the advancement of nanomedicine in oncology. Nivolumab-loaded GNPs were prepared and characterized. The optimum formulation had a particle size of 191.9 ± 0.67 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.027 ± 0.02, and drug entrapment of 54.67 ± 3.51%. A co-culture experiment involving A549 target cells and effector Jurkat cells treated with free nivolumab solution, and nivolumab-loaded GNPs, demonstrated that the latter had significant improvements in inhibition rate by scoring 87.88 ± 2.47% for drug-loaded GNPs against 60.53 ± 3.96% for the free nivolumab solution. The nivolumab-loaded GNPs had a lower IC50 value, of 0.41 ± 0.01 µM, compared to free nivolumab solution (1.22 ± 0.37 µM) at 72 h. The results indicate that administering nivolumab-loaded GNPs augmented the cytotoxicity against A549 cells by enhancing effector Jurkat cell activity compared to nivolumab solution treatment.
Formation of Microcapsules of Pullulan by Emulsion Template Mechanism: Evaluation as Vitamin C Delivery Systems
Authors: Santamaría Esther , Lizarreta Naroa , Vílchez Susana , González Carme , Maestro Alicia
Published: May 2024

Pullulan is a polysaccharide that has attracted the attention of scientists in recent times as a former of edible films. On the other hand, its use for the preparation of hydrogels needs more study, as well as the formation of pullulan microcapsules as active ingredient release systems for the food industry. Due to the slow gelation kinetics of pullulan with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), capsules cannot be formed through the conventional method of dropping into a solution of the gelling agent, as with other polysaccharides, since the pullulan chains migrate to the medium before the capsules can form by gelation. Pullulan microcapsules have been obtained by using inverse water-in-oil emulsions as templates. The emulsion that acts as a template has been characterized by monitoring its stability and by optical microscopy, and the size of the emulsion droplets has been correlated with the size of the microcapsules obtained, demonstrating that it is a good technique for their production. Although some flocs of droplets form, these remain dispersed during the gelation process and two capsule size distributions are obtained: those of the non-flocculated droplets and the flocculated droplets. The microcapsules have been evaluated as vitamin C release systems, showing zero-order release kinetics for acidic pH and Fickian mechanism for neutral pH. On the other hand, the microcapsules offer good protection of vitamin C against oxidation during an evaluation period of 14 days.
Research on the Effects of the Relationship between Agronomic Traits and Dwarfing Genes on Yield in Colored Wheat
Authors: Li Wurijimusi , Gao Xinmei , Qi Geqi , Wurilige  , Guo Longyu , Zhang Mingwei , Fu Ying , Wang Yingjie , Wang Jingyu , Wang Ying , Yang Fengting , Gao Qianhui , Fan Yongyi , Wen Li , Li Fengjiao , Bai Xiuyan , Zhao Yue , Gun-Aajav Bayarmaa , Xu Xingjian
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on 72 approved varieties of colored wheat from different provinces in China. Utilizing coefficients of variation, structural equation models, and correlation analyses, six agronomic traits of colored wheat were comprehensively evaluated, followed by further research on different dwarfing genes in colored wheat. Using the entropy method revealed that among the 72 colored wheat varieties, 10 were suitable for cultivation. Variety 70 was the top-performing variety, with a comprehensive index of 87.15%. In the final established structural equation model, each agronomic trait exhibited a positive direct effect on yield. Notably, plant height, spike length, and flag leaf width had significant impacts on yield, with path coefficients of 0.55, 0.40, and 0.27. Transcriptome analysis and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation were used to identify three dwarfing genes controlling plant height: Rht1, Rht-D1, and Rht8. Subsequent RT-qPCR validation clustering heatmap results indicated that Rht-D1 gene expression increased with the growth of per-acre yield. Rht8 belongs to the semi-dwarf gene category and has a significant positive effect on grain yield. However, the impact of Rht1, as a dwarfing gene, on agronomic traits varies. These research findings provide crucial references for the breeding of new varieties.
Predictions from Generative Artificial Intelligence Models: Towards a New Benchmark in Forecasting Practice
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Silva Emmanuel Sirimal
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to determine whether there is a case for promoting a new benchmark for forecasting practice via the innovative application of generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) for predicting the future. Today, forecasts can be generated via Gen-AI models without the need for an in-depth understanding of forecasting theory, practice, or coding. Therefore, using three datasets, we present a comparative analysis of forecasts from Gen-AI models against forecasts from seven univariate and automated models from the forecast package in R, covering both parametric and non-parametric forecasting techniques. In some cases, we find statistically significant evidence to conclude that forecasts from Gen-AI models can outperform forecasts from popular benchmarks like seasonal ARIMA, seasonal naïve, exponential smoothing, and Theta forecasts (to name a few). Our findings also indicate that the accuracy of forecasts from Gen-AI models can vary not only based on the underlying data structure but also on the quality of prompt engineering (thus highlighting the continued importance of forecasting education), with the forecast accuracy appearing to improve at longer horizons. Therefore, we find some evidence towards promoting forecasts from Gen-AI models as benchmarks in future forecasting practice. However, at present, users are cautioned against reliability issues and Gen-AI being a black box in some cases.
Designing Gestures for Data Exploration with Public Displays via Identification Studies
Authors: Friedman Adina , Cafaro Francesco
Published: May 2024

In-lab elicitation studies inform the design of gestures by having the participants suggest actions to activate the system functions. Conversely, crowd-sourced identification studies follow the opposite path, asking the users to associate the control actions with functions. Identification studies have been used to validate the gestures produced by elicitation studies, but not to design interactive systems. In this paper, we show that identification studies can be combined with in situ observations to design the gestures for data exploration with public displays. To illustrate this method, we developed two versions of a gesture-controlled system for data exploration with 368 users: one designed through an elicitation study, and one designed through in situ observations followed by an identification study. Our results show that the users discovered the majority of the gestures with similar accuracy across the two prototypes. Additionally, the in situ approach enabled the direct recruitment of target users, and the crowd-sourced approach typical of identification studies expedited the design process.
Comparative Assessment of Percutaneous Left-Atrial Appendage Occlusion (LAAO) Devices—A Single Center Cohort Study
Authors: Kayvanpour Elham , Kothe Max , Kaya Ziya , Pleger Sven , Frey Norbert , Meder Benjamin , Sedaghat-Hamedani Farbod
Published: May 2024

Background: Percutaneous left-atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is an established method for preventing strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation, offering an alternative to oral anticoagulation. Various occluder devices have been developed to cater to individual anatomical needs and ensure a safe and effective procedure. In this retrospective, monocentric cohort study, we compare different LAAO devices with respect to clinical outcomes, LAA sealing properties, and device-related complications. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 270 patients who underwent percutaneous LAA closure in our center between 2009 and 2023. Patient data were extracted from medical records, including gender, age at implantation, indication, device type and size, laboratory values, LAA anatomy, periprocedural complications, ECG parameters, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography parameters (TTE and TEE), as well as medication at discharge. Moreover, fluoroscopy time and implantation duration, as well as post-implantation clinical events up to 1 year, were collected. Endpoints were bleeding events, recurrent stroke, thrombi on devices, and death. Results: The implanted devices were the Watchman 2.5, Watchman FLX, Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP), and Amulet. The procedural success rate was 95.7% (n = 265), with cactus anatomy posing the most challenges across all devices. The mean patient age was 75.5 ± 7.7 years, with 64.5% being male. The median CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.8 ± 1.5 and the median HAS-BLED score was 3.8 ± 1.0. Indications for LAA closure included past bleeding events and elevated bleeding risk. Periprocedural complications were most commonly bleeding at the puncture site, particularly after ACP implantation (p = 0.014). Significant peridevice leaks (PDL) were observed in 21.4% of simple sealing mechanism devices versus 0% in double sealing mechanism devices (p = 0.004). Thrombi were detected on devices in six patients, with no subsequent ischemic stroke or thromboembolic event. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences in the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), thromboembolic events, device-related thrombi, or mortality among different device types. A 62.3% relative risk reduction in thromboembolic events and 38.6% in major bleedings could be observed over 568.2 patient years. Conclusions: In summary, our study highlights the efficacy and safety of LAA closure using various occluder devices despite anatomical challenges. Our long-term follow-up findings support LAA closure as a promising option for stroke prevention in selected patient cohorts. Further research is needed to refine patient selection criteria and optimize outcomes in LAA closure procedures.
Propeller Optimization in Marine Power Systems: Exploring Its Contribution and Correlation with Renewable Energy Solutions
Authors: Bacalja Bašić Bruna , Krčum Maja , Jurić Zdeslav
Published: May 2024

The goal of increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased interest in the application of renewable energy sources and the usage of new technologies in the maritime industry. In order to implement the most suitable source, factors such as voyage duration, storage availability, and the condition of existing vessels as well as those that are still under construction should be taken into account. Propeller optimization is proposed as a long-term solution. This paper investigates the environmental aspects of propeller optimization, focusing on its potential to reduce ship vibrations fuel consumption, and, therefore, the ship’s carbon footprint. The case study presents propeller optimization on a Ro-Ro passenger ship. The data collected during sea trials before and after propeller optimization will be compared. Expected fuel oil consumption will be correlated to the CO2 emission reduction. Besides propeller optimization, the paper performs a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis comparing it with solar and wind power applications on ships.
SntB Affects Growth to Regulate Infecting Potential in Penicillium italicum
Authors: Li Chunyan , Yang Shuzhen , Zhang Meihong , Yang Yanting , Li Zhengzheng , Peng Litao
Published: May 2024

Penicillium italicum, a major postharvest pathogen, causes blue mold rot in citrus fruits through the deployment of various virulence factors. Recent studies highlight the role of the epigenetic reader, SntB, in modulating the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi. Our research revealed that the deletion of the SntB gene in P. italicum led to significant phenotypic alterations, including delayed mycelial growth, reduced spore production, and decreased utilization of sucrose. Additionally, the mutant strain exhibited increased sensitivity to pH fluctuations and elevated iron and calcium ion stress, culminating in reduced virulence on Gannan Novel oranges. Ultrastructural analyses disclosed notable disruptions in cell membrane integrity, disorganization within the cellular matrix, and signs of autophagy. Transcriptomic data further indicated a pronounced upregulation of hydrolytic enzymes, oxidoreductases, and transport proteins, suggesting a heightened energy demand. The observed phenomena were consistent with a carbon starvation response potentially triggering apoptotic pathways, including iron-dependent cell death. These findings collectively underscored the pivotal role of SntB in maintaining the pathogenic traits of P. italicum, proposing that targeting PiSntB could offer a new avenue for controlling citrus fungal infections and subsequent fruit decay.
Bayesian Learning in an Affine GARCH Model with Application to Portfolio Optimization
Authors: Escobar-Anel Marcos , Speck Max , Zagst Rudi
Published: May 2024

This paper develops a methodology to accommodate uncertainty in a GARCH model with the goal of improving portfolio decisions via Bayesian learning. Given the abundant evidence of uncertainty in estimating expected returns, we focus our analyses on the single parameter driving expected returns. After deriving an Uncertainty-Implied GARCH (UI-GARCH) model, we investigate how learning about uncertainty affects investments in a dynamic portfolio optimization problem. We consider an investor with constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) utility who wants to maximize her expected utility from terminal wealth under an Affine GARCH(1,1) model. The corresponding stock evolution, and therefore, the wealth process, is treated as a Bayesian information model that learns about the expected return with each period. We explore the one- and two-period cases, demonstrating a significant impact of uncertainty on optimal allocation and wealth-equivalent losses, particularly in the case of a small sample size or large standard errors in the parameter estimation. These analyses are conducted under well-documented parametric choices. The methodology can be adapted to other GARCH models and applications beyond portfolio optimization.
Effect of Altitude Gradients on the Spatial Distribution Mechanism of Soil Bacteria in Temperate Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forests
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Guo Shengqian , Zhang Huiping , Chen Yun , Shao Yizhen , Yuan Zhiliang
Published: May 2024

Soil bacteria are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and they play a crucial role in driving energy flow and material circulation. Currently, many uncertainties remain about how the composition and distribution patterns of bacterial communities change along altitude gradients, especially in forest ecosystems with strong altitude gradients in climate, vegetation, and soil properties. Based on dynamic site monitoring of the Baiyun Mountain Forest National Park (33°38′–33°42′ N, 111°47′–111°51′ E), this study used Illumina technology to sequence 120 soil samples at the site and explored the spatial distribution mechanisms and ecological processes of soil bacteria under different altitude gradients. Our results showed that the composition of soil bacterial communities varied significantly between different altitude gradients, affecting soil bacterial community building by influencing the balance between deterministic and stochastic processes; in addition, bacterial communities exhibited broader ecological niche widths and a greater degree of stochasticity under low-altitude conditions, implying that, at lower altitudes, community assembly is predominantly influenced by stochastic processes. Light was the dominant environmental factor that influenced variation in the entire bacterial community as well as other taxa across different altitude gradients. Moreover, changes in the altitude gradient could cause significant differences in the diversity and community composition of bacterial taxa. Our study revealed significant differences in bacterial community composition in the soil under different altitude gradients. The bacterial communities at low elevation gradients were mainly controlled by stochasticity processes, and bacterial community assembly was strongly influenced by deterministic processes at middle altitudes. Furthermore, light was an important environmental factor that affects differences. This study revealed that the change of altitude gradient had an important effect on the development of the soil bacterial community and provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and management of soil bacteria.
Recall of Odorous Objects in Virtual Reality
Authors: Rantala Jussi , Salminen Katri , Isokoski Poika , Nieminen Ville , Karjalainen Markus , Väliaho Jari , Müller Philipp , Kontunen Anton , Kallio Pasi , Surakka Veikko
Published: May 2024

The aim was to investigate how the congruence of odors and visual objects in virtual reality (VR) affects later memory recall of the objects. Participants (N = 30) interacted with 12 objects in VR. The interaction was varied by odor congruency (i.e., the odor matched the object’s visual appearance, the odor did not match the object’s visual appearance, or the object had no odor); odor quality (i.e., an authentic or a synthetic odor); and interaction type (i.e., participants could look and manipulate or could only look at objects). After interacting with the 12 objects, incidental memory performance was measured with a free recall task. In addition, the participants rated the pleasantness and arousal of the interaction with each object. The results showed that the participants remembered significantly more objects with congruent odors than objects with incongruent odors or odorless objects. Furthermore, interaction with congruent objects was rated significantly more pleasant and relaxed than interaction with incongruent objects. Odor quality and interaction type did not have significant effects on recall or emotional ratings. These results can be utilized in the development of multisensory VR applications.
Recent Advances in the Photonic Curing of the Hole Transport Layer, the Electron Transport Layer, and the Perovskite Layers to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Slimani Moulay Ahmed , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Izquierdo Ricardo
Published: May 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing research interest, but their performance depends on both the choice of materials and the process used. The materials can typically be treated in solution, which makes them well suited for roll-to-roll processing methods, but their deposition under ambient conditions requires overcoming some challenges to improve stability and efficiency. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in photonic curing (PC) for perovskite materials, as well as for hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) materials. We present how PC parameters can be used to control the optical, electrical, morphological, and structural properties of perovskite HTL and ETL layers. Emphasizing the significance of these advancements for perovskite solar cells could further highlight the importance of this research and underline its essential role in creating more efficient and sustainable solar technology.
Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress to Improve Outcomes in a TNBS Murine Crohn’s Colitis Model
Authors: Apte Anisha , Bardill James R. , Canchis Jimena , Skopp Stacy M. , Fauser Tobias , Lyttle Bailey , Vaughn Alyssa E. , Seal Sudipta , Jackson David M. , Liechty Kenneth W. , Zgheib Carlos
Published: May 2024

Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) conjugated to microRNA 146a (miR146a) (CNP-miR146a) is a novel compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We hypothesized that local administration of CNP-miR146a would improve colitis in a 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) mouse model for Crohn’s disease by decreasing colonic inflammation. Balb/c mice were instilled with TNBS enemas to induce colitis. Two days later, the mice received cellulose gel enema, cellulose gel with CNP-miR146a enema, or no treatment. Control mice received initial enemas of 50% ethanol and PBS enemas on day two. The mice were monitored daily for weight loss and clinical disease activity. The mice were euthanized on days two or five to evaluate their miR146a expression, inflammation on histology, and colonic IL-6 and TNF gene expressions and protein concentrations. CNP-miR146a enema successfully increased colonic miR146a expression at 12 h following delivery. At the end of five days from TNBS instillation, the mice treated with CNP-miR146a demonstrated reduced weight loss, improved inflammation scores on histology, and reduced gene expressions and protein concentrations of IL-6 and TNF. The local delivery of CNP-miR146a in a TNBS mouse model of acute Crohn’s colitis dramatically decreased inflammatory signaling, resulting in improved clinical disease.
Healthcare Service Providers’ Perspectives on Sociocultural Aspects Affecting Weight Management Activities Amongst People with Obesity in Taiwan—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Leu Jodie , Huang Kuo-Chin , Chen Pey-Rong , Pan Wen-Harn
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity in Taiwan has risen sharply in recent decades, as in other parts of the world, necessitating urgent action to prevent and curb its detrimental effects. Asian populations are susceptible to the repercussions of obesity at a lower body weight. A higher BMI is associated with more frequent outpatient visits, in-hospital admissions, higher medical costs, and a lower quality of life. However, effective weight management approaches are unlikely to be maintained in the long term without assimilation into daily lifestyle practices. This qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with 14 doctors, dieticians, and nurses who work to control the weight of people with obesity, explored and identified multilevel barriers in the context of daily life to improve the efficacy and execution of weight management strategies. They considered diets, physical activity, and sleep as key weight management activities. The cultural and psychosocial aspects of daily life were observed to have an impact upon weight management, particularly family conflicts due to cultural dynamics and socially and culturally reinforced food practices. To improve population weight, less-recognised aspects need to be addressed alongside the inclusion of mental health specialists in weight management protocols and policy interventions to minimise obesogenic practices and create environments conducive to weight management.
Effects of Hydrolyzed Collagen as a Dietary Supplement on Fibroblast Activation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Inacio Pedro Augusto Querido , Chaluppe Felipe Augusto , Aguiar Gerson Ferreira , Coelho Carly de Faria , Vieira Rodolfo P.
Published: May 2024

Background: Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Methods: The search was conducted for journals that published articles in the English language, peer-reviewed, meeting the following criteria: (a) randomized clinical trials, (b) randomized studies in animals or humans, (c) in vitro studies, (d) studies using hydrolyzed collagens or collagen peptides, and (e) studies assessing alterations on fibroblasts as the primary or secondary outcome. We utilized the main journal databases PubMed/Web of Science and ongoing reviews by PROSPERO. For bias risk and methodological quality, we used an adaptation of the Downs and Black checklist. Our review followed the PRISMA checklist, conducted from February 2024 to the first week of March 2024, by two independent researchers (P.A.Q.I. and R.P.V.). Results: Eleven studies were included in this review, where our findings reinforce the notion that hydrolyzed collagens or collagen peptides at concentrations of 50–500 μg/mL are sufficient to stimulate fibroblasts in human and animal tissues without inducing toxicity. Different enzymatic processes may confer distinct biological properties to collagens, allowing for scenarios favoring fibroblast promotion or antioxidant effects. Lastly, collagens with lower molecular weights exhibit greater bioavailability to adjacent tissues. Conclusions: Hydrolyzed collagens or collagen peptides with molecular sizes ranging from <3 to 3000 KDa promote the stimulation of fibroblasts in human tissues.
The Potential Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in the Prevention and Co-Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder: From the Basic Research to the Clinical Practice
Authors: Chrysafi Maria , Jacovides Constantina , Papadopoulou Sousana K. , Psara Evmorfia , Vorvolakos Theophanis , Antonopoulou Marina , Dakanalis Antonios , Martin Mato , Voulgaridou Gavriela , Pritsa Agathi , Mentzelou Maria , Giaginis Constantinos
Published: May 2024

Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) has been highly developed in the past for the treatment of epileptic pathological states in children and adults. Recently, the current re-emergence in its popularity mainly focuses on the therapy of cardiometabolic diseases. The KD can also have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities which may be applied to the prevention and/or co-treatment of a diverse range of psychiatric disorders. Purpose: This is a comprehensive literature review that intends to critically collect and scrutinize the pre-existing research basis and clinical data of the potential advantageous impacts of a KD on stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: This literature review was performed to thoroughly represent the existing research in this topic, as well as to find gaps in the international scientific community. In this aspect, we carefully investigated the ultimate scientific web databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to derive the currently available animal and clinical human surveys by using efficient and representative keywords. Results: Just in recent years, an increasing amount of animal and clinical human surveys have focused on investigating the possible impacts of the KD in the prevention and co-treatment of depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Pre-existing basic research with animal studies has consistently demonstrated promising results of the KD, showing a propensity to ameliorate symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. However, the translation of these findings to clinical settings presents a more complex issue. The majority of the currently available clinical surveys seem to be moderate, usually not controlled, and have mainly assessed the short-term effects of a KD. In addition, some clinical surveys appear to be characterized by enormous dropout rates and significant absence of compliance measurement, as well as an elevated amount of heterogeneity in their methodological design. Conclusions: Although the currently available evidence seems promising, it is highly recommended to accomplish larger, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials with a prospective design, in order to derive conclusive results as to whether KD could act as a potential preventative factor or even a co-treatment agent against stress, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Basic research with animal studies is also recommended to examine the molecular mechanisms of KD against the above psychiatric diseases.
Self-Healing Properties of Water Tree with Microcapsule/Cross-Linked Polyethylene Composite Material Based on Three-Layer Core-Shell Structure
Authors: Zhu Bo , Tao Xinyu , Sun Hao , Zhu Yaqi , He Shengkun , Han Ximu
Published: May 2024

To overcome the degradation of insulating properties caused by the water tree aging of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), a self-repairing material for XLPE based on a microcapsule system is proposed. Three-layer shell nucleus microcapsules/XLPE composites with different microcapsule doping content are prepared. The water tree aging experiments are carried out using the water-needle electrode method to analyze the ability of microcapsules to repair the damaged areas of water trees. The results show that, compared with the XLPE material without microcapsules, the electrical properties of composites decline significantly when the doping concentration of three-layer shell nucleus microcapsules is large. When the doping concentration is 1.0 wt%, the microcapsule/XLPE composite breakdown strength has no noticeable change, and the dielectric loss factor does not change significantly, the space charge density decreases, and the space charge properties have been improved considerably. When the water tree branch develops to the position where the microcapsules are located, the microcapsules will rupture and release their internal repair materials and catalysts and react with water to produce an organic silicone resin to fill the water tree cavity, which can achieve an excellent self-healing effect. In addition, the nano-SiO2 on the surface microcapsules can make the microcapsules and matrix better integrated, which avoids the microcapsule accumulation that tends to occur when incorporating microcapsules, thus improving the repair rate.