bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute responses to exercise training and relationship with exercise adherence in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Rizk Amanda K , Wardini Rima , Chan-Thim Emilie , Bacon Simon L , Lavoie Kim L , Pepin Véronique
Published: August 2015

The objectives of our study were to (i) compare, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, acute responses to continuous training at high intensity (CTHI), continuous training at ventilatory threshold (CTVT) and interval training (IT); (ii) examine associations between acute responses and 12-week adherence; and (iii) investigate whether the relationship between acute responses and adherence is mediated/moderated by affect/vigour. Thirty-five COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second = 60.2 ± 15.8% predicted), underwent baseline assessments, were randomly assigned to CTHI, CTVT or IT, were monitored throughout about before training, and underwent 12 weeks of exercise training during which adherence was tracked. Compared with CTHI, CTVT was associated with lower respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and respiratory rate (RR), while IT induced higher [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]maximal voluntary ventilation, RR and lower pulse oxygen saturation. From pre- to post-exercise, positive affect increased ( F = 9.74, p < 0.001) and negative affect decreased ( F = 6.43, p = 0.005) across groups. CTVT reported greater end-exercise vigour compared to CTHI ( p = 0.01) and IT ( p = 0.02). IT exhibited lowest post-exercise vigour ( p = 0.04 versus CTHI, p = 0.02 versus CTVT) and adherence rate ( F = 6.69, p = 0.004). Mean [Formula: see text] ( r = −0.466, p = 0.007) and end-exercise vigour ( r = 0.420, p = 0.017) were most strongly correlated with adherence. End-exercise vigour moderated the relationship between [Formula: see text] and adherence ( β = 2.74, t(32) = 2.32, p = 0.03). In summary, CTHI, CTVT and IT improved affective valence from rest to post-exercise and induced a significant 12-week exercise training effect. However, they elicited different acute physiological responses, which in turn were associated with differences in 12-week adherence to the target training intensity. This association was moderated by acute end-exercise vigour.
Patient agenda setting in respiratory outpatients
Authors: Early Frances , Everden Angharad JT , O’Brien Cathy M , Fagan Petrea L , Fuld Jonathan P
Published: August 2015

Soliciting a patient’s agenda (the reason for their visit, concerns and expectations) is fundamental to health care but if not done effectively outcomes can be adversely affected. Forms to help patients consider important issues prior to a consultation have been tested with mixed results. We hypothesized that using an agenda form would impact the extent to which patients felt their doctor discussed the issues that were important to them. Patients were randomized to receive an agenda form to complete whilst waiting or usual care. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients agreeing with the statement ‘My doctor discussed the issues that were important to me’ rated on a four-point scale. Secondary outcomes included other experience and satisfaction measures, consultation duration and patient confidence. There was no significant effect of agenda form use on primary or secondary outcomes. Post hoc exploratory analyses suggested possible differential effects for new compared to follow-up patients. There was no overall benefit from the form and a risk of detrimental impact on patient experience for some patients. There is a need for greater understanding of what works for whom in supporting patients to get the most from their consultation.
Missed Shots at the Free-Throw Line
Authors: Toma Mattie
Published: August 2015

Choking under pressure represents a phenomenon in which individuals faced with a high-pressure situation do not perform as well as would be expected were they performing under normal conditions. In this article, I identify determinants that predict a basketball player’s susceptibility to choking under pressure. Identification of these determinants adds to our understanding of players’ psychology at pivotal points in the game. My analysis draws on play-by-play data from ESPN.com that feature over 2 million free-throw attempts in women’s and men’s college and professional basketball games from the 2002-2013 seasons. Using regression analysis, I explore the impact of both gender and level of professionalism on performance in high-pressure situations. I find that in the final 30 seconds of a tight game, Women’s National Basketball Association and National Basketball Association players are 5.81 and 3.11 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, while female and male college players are 2.25 and 2.09 percentage points, respectively, less likely to make a free throw, though statistical significance cannot be established among National Collegiate Athletic Association women. The discrepancy in choking between college and professional players is pronounced when comparing male college players who do and do not make it to the professional level; the free-throw performance of those destined to go pro falls 6 percentage points more in high-pressure situations. Finally, I find that women and men do not differ significantly in their propensity to choke.
In the Living Room
Authors: Wilson Sherryl
Published: August 2015

This article is based on a small pilot project exploring the role, function, and meanings of second screens and companion apps for TV audiences that is contextualized by existing academic audience research. This is mapped alongside industry research and academic debate about second screens. The results illustrate some disjunction between industry expectations of usage and viewers’ everyday experiences. I argue that industries’ tendency to conflate “viewer” with “fan” indicates a less than nuanced understanding of the television/companion app audience. Further, the lean forward/lean back binary applied to digital media users and television audiences respectively points to a problematic not addressed in much industry literature, while the respondents for this research indicate a complex interplay between the pleasures of viewing that incorporates the social and the personal with the second screen and the TV text.
Development and optimisation of waterproof breathable double-sided knitting using a factorial experimental design
Authors: Moussa Ali , Marzoug Imed Ben , Bouchereb Hela , Sakli Faouzi
Published: August 2015

This work reports waterproof breathable coated double-sided knitting consisting of cotton and polyester fibres. Two kinds of fabrics (F1 and F2) were tested in this study. They were treated with water-repellent chemicals finishing carried out on the polyester side. The main goal of this paper is to study the application and behaviour of double-sided knitting and the finishing with new chemical product to improve comfort. Optimisation of waterproof breathable property of samples was investigated using factorial experimental design. The combined effects of parameters which can affect treatment on water repellency, air permeability and porosity were then studied and the optimum conditions were determined. Waterproof breathable double-sided knitting was able to be generated. These fabrics are supposed to be used as the shoes lining.
Cell signaling pathways involved in drug-mediated fetal hemoglobin induction: Strategies to treat sickle cell disease
Authors: Pace Betty S , Liu Li , Li Biaoru , Makala Levi H
Published: August 2015

The developmental regulation of globin gene expression has shaped research efforts to establish therapeutic modalities for individuals affected with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. Fetal hemoglobin has been shown to block sickle hemoglobin S polymerization to improve symptoms of sickle cell disease; moreover, fetal hemoglobin functions to replace inadequate hemoglobin A synthesis in β-thalassemia thus serving as an effective therapeutic target. In the perinatal period, fetal hemoglobin is synthesized at high levels followed by a decline to adult levels by one year of age. It is known that naturally occurring mutations in the γ-globin gene promoters and distant cis-acting transcription factors produce persistent fetal hemoglobin synthesis after birth to ameliorate clinical symptoms. Major repressor proteins that silence γ-globin during development have been targeted for gene therapy in β-hemoglobinopathies patients. In parallel effort, several classes of pharmacological agents that induce fetal hemoglobin expression through molecular and cell signaling mechanisms have been identified. Herein, we reviewed the progress made in the discovery of signaling molecules targeted by pharmacologic agents that enhance γ-globin expression and have the potential for future drug development to treat the β-hemoglobinopathies.
Dietary Adjuncts for Improving Testosterone Levels in Hypogonadal Males
Authors: Kovac Jason R. , Pan Michael , Arent Shawn , Lipshultz Larry I.
Published: August 2015

An increasing number of men are being diagnosed with hypogonadism. While many benefit from testosterone supplementation therapy, others who do not meet the criteria for hormone supplementation have turned to dietary adjuncts as a way or gaining improvements in libido, energy, and physical performance. These oral adjunct medications include controlled substances such as androstenedione, androstenediol as well as other “over-the-counter” options like DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) and herbal remedies like Tribulus terrestris. This review will focus on the use of these adjunct medications in isolation, or in combination with testosterone supplementation therapy as well as the biochemical nature of the supplements, the results of scientific trials as well as the side effects that limit their use. At the end of this review, physicians will have an improved understanding of the popular testosterone adjuncts being used currently as well as the availability of these substances and how they are used.
Racial Disparities in Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Change Efficacy Among Male First-Year College Students
Authors: Bruce Marino A. , Beech Bettina M. , Thorpe Roland J. , Griffith Derek M.
Published: August 2015

Racial disparities in weight-related outcomes among males may be linked to differences in behavioral change efficacy; however, few studies have pursued this line of inquiry. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which self-efficacy associated with changing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption intake varies by race among male first-year college students. A self-administered, cross-sectional survey was completed by a subsample of freshmen males ( N = 203) at a medium-sized southern university. Key variables of interest were SSB intake and self-efficacy in reducing consumption of sugared beverages. African American and Whites had similar patterns of SSB intake (10.2 ± 2.8 vs. 10.1 ± 2.6); however, African Americans had lower proportions of individuals who were sure they could substitute sugared beverages with water (42.2% vs. 57.5%, p < .03). The results from logistic regression models suggest that self-efficacy to reduce SSB intake among males vary by race. African American males were less likely to assert confidence in their ability to change behaviors associated with SSB (odds ratio = 0.51; confidence interval [0.27, 0.95]) in the full model adjusting for weight-related variables including SSB consumption. The findings suggest that weight loss and weight prevention interventions targeting young African American males require components that can elevate self-efficacy of this group to facilitate behavioral modifications that reduce SSB consumption and their risk for obesity-related diseases.
Underreporting Discrimination Among Arab American and Muslim American Community College Students
Authors: Shammas Diane
Published: August 2015

Using a mixed methods approach, the researcher gathered a set of narrative responses from focus groups that supported the claim of underreporting campus discrimination on a survey. Multiple studies have shown that underrepresented minority students are likely to bond with same-ethnic peers in a racially tense campus climate. This mixed method is a follow-up investigation into, why, in a post-9/11 environment, Arab and Muslim American community college students demonstrated less variation in the level of perceived discrimination in relationship to the percentage of same-ethnic and/or same-faith campus friendship groups. Post hoc comparisons revealed that Arab and Muslim students exhibited significantly higher mean scores on a perceived discrimination scale than other ethnic groups.
Investigation on the corrosion behavior of physical vapor deposition coated high speed steel
Authors: Malarvannan R Ravi Raja , Moorthy TV , Sathish S , Hariharan P
Published: August 2015

This work emphasizes on the influence of the TiN and AlCrN coatings fabricated on high speed steel form tool using physical vapor deposition technique. The surface microstructure of the coatings was studied using scanning electron microscope. Hardness and corrosion studies were also performed using Vickers hardness test and salt spray testing, respectively. The salt spray test results suggested that the bilayer coated (TiN- bottom layer and AlCrN- top layer) substrate has undergone less amount of corrosion, and this is attributed to the dense microstructure. In addition to the above, the influence of the above coatings on the machining performance of the high speed steel was also evaluated and compared with that of the uncoated material and the results suggested that the bilayered coating has undergone very low weight loss when compared with that of the uncoated substrate depicting enhanced wear resistance.
‘I’d be proud to spend the sacred foreign aid budget on our poor pensioners’: Representations of macro aid resourcing in the Irish, UK and US print-media during the economic crisis, 2008–2011
Authors: Cawley Anthony
Published: August 2015

The news-media has been identified as an influence on donor nations’ overseas aid allocations, acting as a site where decisions are justified to ‘domestic constituencies’ and through which resistance is mobilised. Mediated pressures on aid allocations amplified between 2008 and 2011 in three donor countries experiencing domestic economic difficulties: Ireland, the UK and the US. This study suggests that each country’s print-media positioned the macro resourcing of aid primarily as an inward concern, neglected recipient country needs, and made weak connections to international policy frameworks to benchmark, contextualise and rationalise aid allocations. The research suggests that the explanatory limitations of the countries’ news-models in communicating the processes and rationales underpinning macro aid resourcing may be a factor in sustaining a knowledge and legitimacy deficit among domestic publics for international aid agreements.
Effects of non-surgical factors on digital replantation survival rate: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Z. , Guo F. , Qi J. , Xiang W. , Zhang J.
Published: August 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors affecting survival rate of digital replantation by a meta-analysis. A computer retrieval of MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, and CNKI databases was conducted to identify citations for digital replantation with digit or finger or thumb or digital or fingertip and replantation as keywords. RevMan 5.2 software was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios. In total, there were 4678 amputated digits in 2641 patients. Gender and ischemia time had no significant influence on the survival rate of amputation replantation ( P > 0.05). Age, injured hand, injury type, zone, and the method of preservation the amputated digit significantly influence the survival rate of digital replantation ( P < 0.05). Children, right hand, crush, or avulsion and little finger are the risk factors that adversely affect the outcome.

The level of evidence: Level 5*.
A coalition partnership of vision health through a health-promoting school program for primary school students in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Li-Chun , Guo Jong-Long , Liao Li-Ling , Peng Hsiu-Ying , Hsieh Pei-Lin
Published: August 2015

Myopia, the most common refractive error, is the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment among children and has reached epidemic proportions among children and young adults in urban areas of East and Southeast Asia that contain populations of Chinese ancestry. Moreover, vision health is an important theme of the health-promoting school program issued by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of pre- and post-intervention proposed by the health-promoting school (HPS) model. The objectives are to understand whether the HPS model influenced the vision screening results and the attitude, knowledge level, and vision care behavior of the students involved. A prospective cohort study design was used to evaluate a vision health program. Four elementary schools, local education authorities, and one university in northern Taiwan established a coalition partnership to design a six-month program to combat myopia among students. The target population was 6668 school children from local elementary schools. For the purpose of this study, the outcome of visual acuity testing (in logMAR) was analyzed with a sampling of 373 school children (aged 11–12 years old) who were chosen from high prevalence of poor vision classes. After the HPS program, the attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge levels of the school children regarding vision health were significantly improved. The pre-intervention mean logMAR of all participating students ( N = 373) was –.10, which increased to –.19 after the intervention. Analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the logMAR value was significantly improved after the intervention ( t = 2.13, p < 0.05). Our findings highlight the relevance and effectiveness of the coalition’s efforts, which reinforces the usefulness of co-operatively implementing the HPS program.
Diagnosing RCVS Without the CV
Authors: Jacoby Nuri , Kaunzner Ulrike , Dinkin Marc , Safdieh Joseph
Published: August 2015

This is a case of a 52-year-old man with a past medical history of 2 episodes of coital thunderclap headaches as well as recent cocaine, marijuana, and pseudoephedrine use, who presented with sudden, sharp, posterior headache associated with photophobia and phonophobia. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head, and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the head were all normal as well as a normal lumbar puncture. Given the multiple risk factors for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), the patient was treated for suspected RCVS, despite the normal imaging. Repeat MRI brain 3 days after hospital admission demonstrated confluent white matter T2 hyperintensities most prominent in the occipital lobes, typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Repeat MRA of the head 1 day after discharge and 4 days after the abnormal MRI brain showed multisegment narrowing of multiple arteries. This case demonstrates that RCVS may present with PRES on MRI brain and also exemplifies the need to treat suspected RCVS even if imaging is normal, as abnormalities in both the MRI and the MRA may be delayed.
A National Perspective of Do-Not-Resuscitate Order Utilization Predictors in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Patel Achint A. , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Benjo Alexandre , Jani Vishal B. , Annapureddy Narender , Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Simoes Priya K. , Pakanati Krishna Chaitanya , Sinha Vikash , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Pathak Ambarish , Nadkarni Girish N.
Published: August 2015

Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are linked to poorer outcomes in patients with ICH, possibly due to less active management. Demographic, regional, and social factors, not related to ICH severity, have not been adequately looked at as significant predictors of DNR utilization. We reviewed the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database in 2011 for adult ICH admissions and DNR status. We generated hierarchical 2-level multivariate regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios. We analyzed 25 768 ICH hospitalizations, 18% of which (4620 hospitalizations) had DNR orders, corresponding to national estimates of 126 254 and 22 668, respectively. In multivariable regression, female gender, white or Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, no insurance coverage, and teaching hospitals were significantly associated with increased DNR utilization after adjusting for confounders. There was also significantly more interhospital variability in the lowest quartile of hospital volume. In conclusion, demographic factors and insurance status are significantly associated with increased DNR utilization, with more individual hospital variability in low-volume hospitals. The reasons for this are likely qualitative and linked to patient, provider, and hospital practices.
The Cognitive Psychology of Sensitivity to Human Fatalities
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y.
Published: August 2015

Year after year, thousands of human lives are permanently extinguished by large-scale events such as disasters, epidemics, and armed conflicts, while millions more are claimed by frequent small-scale events, such road accidents and fires. Preventing these fatalities should be a priority for policymakers, because death is irreversible, and survival necessarily precedes other forms of human welfare. Minimizing fatalities requires that policymakers respond to deadly events and that they effectively focus their attention, efforts, and life-saving resources on preventing the largest (aggregated) death tolls. However, the deployment of any major intervention, even one designed to save lives, requires sufficient political will, which in turn depends on people being moved to action by the number of lives at risk. All else being equal, responses to deadly events should be proportional to their potential death tolls, and support for life-saving interventions should grow steadily with the number of lives they are expected to save. Unfortunately, people’s reactions to deadly events generally fall short of these principles and instead reveal systematic limitations in their ability to properly evaluate human fatalities. This article discusses some of the cognitive factors that govern, and often skew, the way people perceive and respond to deadly events. I show that our failures to correctly prioritize and address the biggest causes of human casualties are driven by limitations and biases in perception, attention, and categorization. Understanding these psychological fallibilities will help policymakers recognize, and ultimately guard against, biases that hinder the deployment of important life-saving policies.
The Potential for Literacy to Shape Lifelong Cognitive Health
Authors: Stine-Morrow Elizabeth A. L. , Hussey Erika K. , Ng Shukhan
Published: August 2015

In light of population aging, an understanding of factors that promote lifelong cognitive resilience is urgent. There is considerable evidence that education early in the life span, which promotes the development of literacy skills, leads to cognitive health and longevity, but the ways in which activity engagement in later adulthood affects long-term cognitive health is not well understood. The literature on cognitive training focusing on ability and skill training has not only demonstrated the existence of plasticity into late life but also shows that improvements are very tightly tied to the abilities trained. The rush to apply ability training to promote cognitive health has produced a vibrant “brain training” industry that neglects the very limited evidence for transfer to significant functional outcomes. Recent evidence on the neural substrates of reading, language comprehension, and discourse processing, as well as on the lifelong effects of literacy engagement in special populations, hints that reading may well be a “whole-brain exercise” with the potential to promote cognitive health. Such findings suggest promise for education-based approaches to promote lifelong cognitive health, calling for (a) societal investment in science at the interface of education and health, in particular to understand the mechanisms through which literacy engagement affects mind, brain, and physical health through the life span, and (b) innovation in developing models of life span education.
Cognitive Science Research Can Improve Undergraduate STEM Instruction
Authors: Henderson Charles , Mestre José P. , Slakey Linda L.
Published: August 2015

This article explores the directions needed to facilitate widespread adoption of the findings of cognitive science (CS) into undergraduate instruction in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The emerging research tradition of STEM discipline-based education research (DBER) is introduced briefly, with a focus on physics education research (PER). Examples of cognitive science research that are beginning to affect classroom practice are introduced, as well as examples that have direct implications for improving STEM instructional practices, yet remain largely unknown in the STEM community. Two barriers slow the implementation of CS findings in undergraduate STEM instruction. The first is lack of communication between cognitive science and STEM DBER researchers. The second is that, even when strong curricula and instructional practices are developed, there are many structural obstacles that make it difficult for STEM instructors to implement new instructional strategies. We provide an overview of current efforts to overcome these structural obstacles, and suggest policy implications for the cognitive science and DBER research communities that could facilitate the development, evaluation, and adoption of research-based instructional strategies in STEM undergraduate education.
Crystallographic and morphological aspects of AlN precipitation in high Al, TRIP steels
Authors: Tuling A. , Mintz B.
Published: August 2015

The dendritic AlN associated with poor ductility on straightening during continuous casting is believed to always crystallise out in the hcp structure. The present paper shows that AlN precipitation can also be present as an fcc phase. Because AlN precipitation is sluggish and needs suitable nucleants like MnS to aid its precipitation, the crystal structure of AlN is dependent on the order in which the austenite and MnS precipitate out during solidification. When austenite forms first, as with the 1Al transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel, MnS nucleants are not available and AlN is forced to precipitate at the austenite grain boundaries as fcc so encouraging intergranular failure. With the 1.5Al TRIP steel, on solidification, MnS is present in abundance, giving rise to the conventional hcp AlN.
Enriching some recent coincidence theorems for nonlinear contractions in ordered metric spaces
Authors: Alam Aftab , Khan Qamrul Haq , Imdad Mohammad
Published: August 2015

In this article, we generalize some frequently used metrical notions such as: completeness, continuity, g-continuity, and compatibility to order-theoretic setting especially in ordered metric spaces besides introducing some new notions such as: the ICC property, DCC property, MCC property etc. and utilize these relatively weaker notions to prove some coincidence theorems for g-increasing Boyd-Wong type contractions which enrich some recent results due to Alam et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:216, 2014).
Introduction
Authors: Arnesen Eric
Published: August 2015

In 1965, the US Congress passed, and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed, the Immigration and Nationality Act (also known as the Hart-Celler Act), which transformed the US immigration system. The new law overturned the four-decade-old National Origins Act of 1924, which imposed a system of immigration restriction using discriminatory quotas based on country of origin. “Up for Debate” features the contributions of four scholars who were asked to reflect broadly on the 1965 law and its legacy as the bill's fiftieth anniversary approaches. Sociologist Daniel J. Tichenor and historian Mae M. Ngai examine the act's passage, consequences, accomplishments, and limitations; historian Cindy Hahamovitch explores the experiences of Jamaican immigrant farmworkers after World War II to demonstrate that other laws were more important in shaping the contours of their lives; and political scientist Christina Gabriel addresses the process and consequences of immigration law reform in Canada.
The sharp tireiodit and wodespread phlegmon of a neck (clinical case)
Authors: Уртаев  , Urtaev B. , Стан  , Stan E. , Введенская  , Vvedenskaya Olga , Липатов  , Lipatov Konstantin , Тотоева  , Totoeva Zalina
Published: August 2015

Phlegmon of a neck represents the serious illness which is characterized by development of the poured pyoinflammatory process in the cells spaces with fast distribution of purulent zatek that is caused by anatomic features. The clinical picture of a disease doesn’t allow to establish prevalence of pathological process in the preoperative period very often, and a large number of important anatomic formations don’t allow to sanify the center single-stages. The clinical supervision with option of treatment of the patient and a positive outcome is given in article.
The effect of polysaccharides calamus on the liver and esophagus cancerogenesis wile the experiment
Authors: Болиева  , Bolieva Laura , Кокоев  , Kokoev Leonid , Закс  , Zaks Tamaz
Published: August 2015

The effect of polysaccharides Calamus on the occurrence of tumors of the liver and esophagus induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats was studied. The experiment was conducted on 32 male rats of Wistar line. Animals were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 16) – animals received only carcinogen 100 mg / l daily for 4 months and Group II (n = 16) – the animals treated with the carcinogen along polysaccharides calamus marsh at a dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight daily for 6 months. Fallen in the course of the experiment the animals were opened. At the end of the experiment the liver and esophagus of all animals were subjected to macro- and microscopic examination. The obtained findings suggest that the ability of polysaccharides exert anticarcinogenic effects on the liver and esophagus cancer, appears to reduce the incidence of malignant tumors, multiple tumors and inhibition of malignancy neoplastic changes in them.
Treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children at the modern stage: the main problems and achievements
Authors: Касохова  , Kasokhova V. , Фидарова  , Fidarova A. , Касохов  , Kasokhov Timofey , Хубаева  , Khubaeva I
Published: August 2015

The informations about current opportunities therapy of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children is presented in this review. Their assessment on the basis of the results of various studies carried out on the principles of evidence medicine was performed. The main achievements and problems in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were revealed. The information about the principles of effective respiratory support, the principles of systemic and inhaled

corticosteroids use, about the prospects for the late appointment of surfactant in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc. was presented. The questions of prevention and treatment of infectious complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were highlighted. The prospects of the therapy of this disease in children were determined.
Biocontrol laser therapy of kognitive violations in genesis in the elderly
Authors: Бакузова  , Bakuzova Diana , Загускин  , Zaguskin Sergey
Published: August 2015

When cognitive disorders in Genesis in the elderly found violation of the hierarchy of rhythms R-R intervals ECG, with an increase in the amplitude and period of the surplus fluctuations, index Baevsky, reduced performance fractal and dispersion. Sustainable sympaticotonia confirmed the dominance of the lower individual minutes, Kerdo and scaterogrammen. Application of biocontrol laser therapy with irradiation of the frontal, temporal and subnormality zones of the brain leading to reduced sympaticotonia, normalize the rhythms of vegetative status, recovery circadian rhythms pulse and R-R intervals ECG. Test memory assessment in all patients shows steady improvement.
The effectious mononucleosis assotiated with the epsteinibarr virus in children
Authors: Ревазова  , Revazova Asya , Албегова  , Albegova B. , Тадеева  , Tadeeva Svetlana
Published: August 2015

In recent years, it is noted a widespread growth of incidence of infectious mononucleosis in children. Recorded cases do not reflect the state of the disease, as numerous inapparent mild clinical forms, cases, causing doctors questions and not registered as infectious mononucleosis. The disease is diagnosed only while a typical clinical picture and the presence of specific changes in the total blood count as atypical mononuclear cells. This disease does not have a typical clinical picture, in children, at first three years of life and adolescents. The article describes the clinical and laboratory features of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein - Barr virus in children in North Ossetia Alania. The results of research will improve the quality of diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children in modern conditions.
Modern Global Legal System: Convergence and Antagonism
Authors: CHirkin Vyeniamin
Published: August 2015

Along with the concepts of the legal systems of individual states (“country systems”) and of the legal families (“country groups” of individual similar legal systems), the author employed the methods of comparative law such as induction, content analysisto offer a broader socio-legal basis of division and to highlight three global (world) legal systems in the modern world: Muslim, liberal semi-social capitalist and totalitarian-socialist. The concept of a global legal system and a legal family (some of these families, such as the Anglo-Saxon and Roman-German, too, are global in nature), but the latter are dealt with in the framework of global legal systems (rather than separately). Such classifications are scientific concepts based on similarities and differences between the actual legal phenomena. Concepts and classifications based on global legal systems constitute their essence (formation), and identification of family-legal content of civilizational and socio-cultural nature allows a researcher to establish some new families. The author identifies the essential features of each of the three global legal systems, and such features underlie their fundamental differences, thepossibilities and limits of convergence of the global legal systems. Such limits are conditioned by varying social essence pertaining to such global systems as well astheir antagonism which makes convergence processes often superfluous rather than substantive in nature. This article discusses different legal families within various global legal systems. It states that harmonization of similar-typesocial processes is possible while it is impossible between different-type legal families.
BRICS: Legal Features of Development
Authors: Bevelikova Nelli
Published: August 2015

This article speaks about BRICS, the association which has demonstrated constructive cooperation on the basis of strategic interests of the five countries- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africain the field of international relations and global regulation. The author gives legal assessment to the future development of BRICS, its experience of a gradually emerging integration structure and the relation of economic practices of BRICS in interaction with other control mechanisms. The author touches upon the legal status of BRICS which was established to be conducive to the institutional framework for cooperation with international actors in multidisciplinary format. The article identifies the dominant centripetal tendencies of BRICS with special role of China and the presence of the centrifugal tendencies in its development with due account to the issues raised. Also, the author focuses on the strategic goals of the participating countries and the ways and means they propose to get them implemented, especially, in the long-term perspective.
Multicommodity Production Planning: Qualitative Analysis and Applications
Authors: Ciurria-Infosino Iara , Granot Daniel , Granot Frieda , Veinott Arthur F.
Published: August 2015

We develop a qualitative analysis theory for the convex-cost dynamic multicommodity production planning problem, which can be used, without performing any computational work, to provide invaluable insight to managers when faced with the task of deciding how to respond to changes in problem environment. We first formulate the problem as a multicommodity flow problem with parameters associated with each arc–commodity pair. We then reduce the problem to an equivalent single-commodity flow problem and develop a complete characterization of conformality among production, sales, and inventory activities in various instances of the problem. By combining the conformality characterizations with the monotonicity theory of Granot and Veinott [Granot F, Veinott AF Jr (1985) Substitutes, complements and ripples in network flow. Math. Oper. Res. 10:471–497] for single-commodity problems, we study the effects of changes in problem environment on optimal production, sales, and inventory schedules in the multicommodity problem. Numerous applications are presented and analyzed.
Presentation and treatment of anterior cervical hyperostosis
Authors: Quaye MC , Fowler JL , Griffiths JT
Published: August 2015

We report a case of severe anterior cervical hyperostosis presenting with dysphagia.
Segmental colonic length and mobility
Authors: Phillips M , Patel A , Meredith P , Will O , Brassett C
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Locoregional variation in the human colon is important in surgical practice; the length and mobility of different colonic regions impacts on laparoscopic and endoscopic colorectal procedures. The aim of this study was to refine anatomical understanding of the colon in terms of segmental length and mobility.

Methods

The colons of 35 cadavers were examined to determine lengths of caecum as well as ascending, transverse, descending and rectosigmoid colon, and to characterise colonic mobility at each location in terms of the mesenteric attachments. The presence of Jackson’s membrane (a congenital peritoneal band of the right colon) was also documented.

Results

The mean total colonic length was 131.2cm (standard deviation [SD]: 13.4cm). There was no correlation with height, age or sex; the best predictor of total colonic length was the length of the rectosigmoid segment. The mean height of the transverse mesocolon was 7.4cm (SD: 3.6cm) and that of the sigmoid mesocolon was 6.3cm (SD: 2.6cm). Two-thirds of the subjects had a mobile portion of the ascending colon and nearly one-third had a mobile descending colon. A mobile ascending colon was significantly more common in females. Jackson’s membrane was present in 66% of the subjects.

Conclusions

This cadaveric study suggests that rectosigmoid length accounts for most of the variability in total colonic length. The significant proportion of colons with mobility of the ascending and descending segments prompts revision of the traditional anatomical teaching of these segments as fixed and retroperitoneal. Mobility of the ascending colon may account for the anecdotal finding that colonoscopy is more challenging in female patients. Jackson’s membrane was identified in most colons.
Evaluating the British sarcoma referral form
Authors: Smolle MA , Leithner A , Grimer RJ
Published: August 2015

Introduction

This study investigated the accuracy of general practitioner (GP) referrals under the two-week wait pathway for soft tissue sarcomas and whether the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria should be refined.

Methods

All patients referred under the two-week wait system to one centre over the course of one year were reviewed. Comparison was made between the criteria identified by the GP and those confirmed by the centre to assess the accuracy of the referrals, and to identify what criteria predicted malignancy.

Results

Overall, 135 patients were referred to our unit with a mean age of 56.4 years. Of these, 45 (33%) were found to have a malignant tumour. Factors identified by the GP were accurate in 74% of cases. The best predictor of malignancy was ‘size >5cm’ (76% sensitivity) while ‘pain’ was the least useful (27% sensitivity). Lowering the threshold for concern to a size of >4cm increased sensitivity to 89%. Although 106 patients had undergone some form of imaging prior to referral, this did not increase the likelihood of malignancy being detected. The combination of factors most likely to predict malignancy was a size of >5cm, increase in size, deep location and no pain (10 out of 13 referrals, 77% accuracy).

Conclusions

Based on the results of this study, we recommend an adaption of the existing features for concern. The new feature for concern should be ‘size >4cm’ and the factor ‘pain’ should be removed from the urgent referral form.
The role of WNT signalling in urothelial cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahmad I
Published: August 2015

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the bladder is one of the most common malignancies, causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is unique among the epithelial carcinomas as two distinct pathways to tumourigenesis appear to exist: low grade, recurring papillary tumours usually contain oncogenic mutations in FGFR3 or HRAS whereas high grade, muscle invasive tumours with metastatic potential generally have defects in the pathways controlled by the tumour suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma. Over the last two decades, a number of transgenic mouse models of UCC, containing deletions or mutations of key tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes, have helped us understand the mechanisms behind tumour development. In this summary, I present my work investigating the role of the WNT signalling cascade in UCC.
Routine versus selective histological examination after cholecystectomy to exclude incidental gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Emmett CD , Barrett P , Gilliam AD , Mitchell AI
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Gallstone disease is treated commonly with cholecystectomy. Malignant disease of the gallbladder may present similarly and has a poor prognosis. It is common for cholecystectomy specimens to be sent for histological examination to exclude malignancy. However, the incidence of incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is low and it has therefore been suggested that macroscopic inspection of the gallbladder by the surgeon, followed by selective histological examination of abnormal specimens, may be safe and cost saving.

Methods

All cholecystectomies performed between 1 May 2003 and 1 September 2009 were identified from clinical coding. Pathology records were used to identify gallbladder malignancies; these were searched manually to identify IGBC. Pathology reports and case notes were cross-referenced to determine whether there were macroscopic abnormalities present. Annual cost savings were estimated by comparing the number of gallbladder specimens over one year (May 2013 – April 2014) with the total number of cholecystectomies performed in that time.

Results

Of 4,776 cholecystectomies identified, 12 (0.25%) were cases of IGBC. These cases had a higher median age (68 vs 54 years, p<0.001) and a higher proportion were emergency operations (50% vs 12%, p<0.001). All cases had some form of macroscopic abnormality, most commonly wall thickening (n=6, 50%). Only two cases (17%) had a visible tumour present.

Conclusions

All cases of IGBC in this study had a macroscopically abnormal gallbladder. Our findings suggest it is safe to adopt a selective approach to histological examination. Savings of almost £20,500 per annum have been achieved.
Giant haemangioma of the liver with haemangiodudenal fistula: the first reported case in literature
Authors: Zidan A , Ibrahim H , Farrag M , Shehata M , Maghrabi M
Published: August 2015

Giant liver haemangiomas are usually asymptomatic with normal liver function, which makes the course long and uneventful. The most commonly reported complications of giant haemangiomas are rupture with intraperitoneal haemorrhage that is either traumatic or non-traumatic, consumption coagulopathy, Budd–Chiari syndrome and congestive heart failure. We describe the first reported complications of a giant liver haemangioma as a fistula between the haemangioma and the gastrointestinal tract.
O PROCESSO DE AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO NO CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BRUSQUE: A APLICAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Figueiredo Mara Lúcia , Junkes Márcia Maria , Zunino Heloisa Maria Wichern , Aiub George Wilson , Steuck Eliane Renata
Published: August 2015

Objetivando contribuir com os processos de ambientalização nas Instituições de Educação Superior (IES), este artigo apresenta uma das etapas deste processo no Centro Universitário de Brusque – UNIFEBE: a aplicação de um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade, proporcionada pela participação no projeto Definición de indicadores de evaluación de la sustentabilidad en Universidades Latinoamericanas, um projeto da Red de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad Universitaria (RISU). Referido projeto tinha por objetivo principal a aplicação de um sistema de indicadores que permitisse avaliar os compromissos com as dimensões da sustentabilidade nas universidades, propiciando a reflexão sobre suas fragilidades ou potencialidades na inserção desta temática. Na UNIFEBE, a pesquisa caracterizou-se pelo enfoque quanti-qualitativo com a realização de entrevistas, aplicando um questionário composto por 114 indicadores de sustentabilidade. O processo desencadeado pela realização desta investigação e seus resultados permitiram identificar indícios da incorporação das dimensões da sustentabilidade na gestão, no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão, bem como as fragilidades, as dificuldades e os desafios frente à necessidade desta inserção. Ele também impulsionou alguns avanços no processo de ambientalização, tais como: ampliação da discussão dessa temática na IES, com o fortalecimento da parceria, da integração e da colaboração entre gestores, docentes, colaboradores e acadêmicos em prol da construção da Política de Ambientalização e a aprovação de seu Regulamento. Consideramos o sistema de indicadores proposto pelo projeto da RISU uma ferramenta imprescindível na construção de Políticas Institucionais de Ambientalização e Sustentabilidade nas IES.
SUSTENTABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL EM IES: DIAGNOSTICAR PARA CONHECER E AVANÇAR
Authors: Baldin Nelma , Carletto Denise Lemke
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo trata da questão da ambientalização curricular nas Instituições de Ensino Superior e de como a questão da sustentabilidade ambiental é tratada nessas instituições. Em vista dessa argumentação, objetiva apresentar os resultados de um diagnóstico da sustentabilidade ambiental na Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille), localizada na cidade de Joinville – na região nordeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O estudo ocorreu no âmbito do Projeto Definición de indicadores de evaluación de la sustentabilidad en Universidades Latinoamericanas – conhecido como  Projeto  da RISU, desenvolvido entre 2013 e 2014. Os caminhos metodológicos utilizados para a aplicação desta pesquisa, na Univille, seguiram todas as etapas estipuladas pelo Projeto da RISU, aplicando-se um questionário - survey - às pessoas que na instituição exercem funções que envolvem as questões da sustentabilidade institucional. Os dados coletados mostraram que, embora política de sustentabilidade da Univille ainda não esteja definida e divulgada institucionalmente, de certa forma a universidade direciona suas ações e atua com enfoque socioambiental nas esferas de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e gestão.