bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach for Providing LGBTI+ Education and Bridging the Language Gap
Authors: Palacios Hidalgo Francisco Javier
Published: November 2019

Intercultural education is acquiring great importance in today's education; among its considered elements, it is also starting to address gender/sexual identity as a way to counterattack prejudices and intolerant attitudes towards LGTBI+ people. However, it is still necessary to reconsider how to deal with these concepts from teacher training in an effective way so as to prepare these professionals to develop their work in an inclusive way. Teachers of English as a Foreign Language are ideal for addressing such concepts as the area allows relationships with several dimensions of life (e.g., literature, art, television). These teachers have to face the necessity to include LGTBI+ in their teaching practice, and to fight the language gap caused by social and economic disparities. This chapter revises how including the ESoPC approach in English teacher training helps integrate LGBTI+ issues to educate future generations in respect towards gender/sexual diversity and bridge the language gap.
Beyond the English Divide in South Korea
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Maria Teresa
Published: November 2019

The knowledge of English in South Korea is considered to be an important asset, such that it is an indispensable skill when applying for admission into the top universities in the country or finding good jobs. The investment of families in making sure their offspring learn the language has been consistently increasing in recent years. However, not all families have access to the same private resources, thus creating a division (also known as ‘English Divide') between the richer families, who can provide their children with good private education, and poorer families, who cannot do it. This chapter provides a detailed account of the current economic situation of South Korea, emphasizing the importance given to English education. Moreover, the authors outline the work done by nonprofit organizations (such as Beyond the English Divide) to stop this English Divide.
ANÁLISE DE CAPACIDADE DE FLUXO DE ROTATÓRIA NA CIDADE DE MARINGÁ, PARANÁ
Authors: Silva Otavio Henrique , Garcia Carolina , Orioli Monigleicia Alcalde , De Angelis Bruno Luiz Domingos , De Angelis Neto Generoso , Yshiba José Kiynha , Ildefonso Jesner Sereni
Published: November 2019

O aumento na utilização de veículos motorizados aliado à precariedade do sistema viário pode vir a prejudicar a mobilidade nas cidades. A questão é particularmente importante para as interseções, pontos críticos para a fluidez do trânsito na urbe. Nesse prisma, as rotatórias podem ser uma forma apropriada de controle de fluxo nas interseções a fim de que o tráfego seja mais seguro e eficiente. Contudo, análises acerca da capacidade destas interseções giratórias devem ser realizadas de modo a atestar a adequabilidade desses dispositivos à garantia da fluidez do trânsito. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a capacidade de fluxo da rotatória localizada na interseção das avenidas Cerro Azul e Juscelino Kubistchek de Oliveira na cidade de Maringá, Paraná, utilizando para isso os Métodos Inglês e Suíço. Com o Método Inglês constatou-se que o fluxo de entrada de 1404 veículos por hora foi 4,31% maior que a capacidade prática da rotatória. Já no Método Suíço, as aproximações demonstraram comportar o fluxo de veículos, contudo, por ser um Método de maior simplicidade, sugere-se que seja utilizado juntamente com outros métodos mais abrangentes, não sendo adequado para condicionar a tomada de decisões por si só. Dentre as possibilidades de intervenção para melhoria da mobilidade e aumento da segurança local, tem-se a adoção de binários na região, bem como a retirada da rotatória com instalação de semáforos. Entretanto, faz-se imprescindível um planejamento embasado no monitoramento do fluxo viário local, condição inerente à definição da melhor solução a ser implementada.
ANÁLISE NÃO LINEAR FÍSICA DE TRELIÇAS COM CICLOS DE CARREGAMENTO E DESCARREGAMENTO
Authors: Souza Luiz Antonio Farani de , Santos Douglas Fernandes dos , Kawamoto Rodrigo Yukio Mizote
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo são realizadas análises estáticas por meio do Método dos Elementos Finitos de estruturas do tipo treliça com comportamento não linear físico. Os algoritmos e as formulações de dois modelos constitutivos inelásticos uniaxiais são apresentados: um baseado na teoria da Elastoplasticidade e o outro na Mecânica do Dano. A solução do problema não linear que descreve o sistema estrutural é obtida com o procedimento incremental-iterativo de Newton-Raphson associado à técnica de continuação Comprimento de Arco Linear. Assume-se a condição de rotações e deslocamentos infinitesimalmente pequenos. Para verificar a precisão e convergência dos algoritmos implementados no programa Matlab, além de comparar as respostas numéricas dos modelos constitutivos, as trajetórias de equilíbrio das estruturas são obtidas. Em adição, as treliças são submetidas a ciclos de carregamento e descarregamento.
Home FES: An Exploratory Review
Authors: Taylor Matthew J. , Schils Sheila , Ruys Andrew J.
Published: November 2019

This review of literature focuses on the multiple uses of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and how this modality may be a valuable home-based therapy. Papers pertaining to home FES exercise were collected using the Web of Science, Google Scholar databases and collegial hints. In our opinion, the following statements summarize the results. FES may be used to induce health benefits in populations with paralysis, and in persons with musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory and renal pathology. The EU Project Rise showed how FES could have a variety of encouraging outcomes for patients with denervated muscles following traumatic injuries. As suggested by recent literature, FES has proven to be a viable form of exercise for elderly individuals. Thus, Home FES may be an option for patients looking for an additional form of muscle and cardiopulmonary physical therapy.
Exploring the geographical distribution of cryptosporidiosis in the cattle population of Southern Ontario, Canada, 2011-2014
Authors: Nwosu Andrea , Berke Olaf , Pearl David L. , Trotz-Williams Lise A.
Published: November 2019

Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious disease of relevance to the cattle industry. The southern region of the Canadian province of Ontario is characterised by widespread cattle farming that is a key contributor to the Canadian dairy industry. Given Ontario’s key role in the Canadian dairy industry and the potential impact that cryptosporidiosis can have on cattle operations, identifying areas of increased risk for bovine cryptosporidiosis is important. The primary goal of this study was to explore the distribution of bovine cryptosporidiosis, across the geographical areas served by the 29 Public Health Units (PHUs) of Southern Ontario, in the period 2011-2014. Laboratory data on bovine cryptosporidiosis were collected from the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, Canada. Using veterinary clinic locations as a proxy for farm location, choropleth and isopleth maps were produced. Highrisk clusters of bovine cryptosporidiosis were identified using the flexible spatial scan test. Assessment of the potential for spatial misclassification bias resulting from a proxy location variable was conducted. The overall raw farm-level prevalence of bovine cryptosporidiosis was 45% [95% confidence interval, CI: 42%-48%]. A cluster was identified in the central-west region of Southern Ontario (relative risk 1.30 [95% CI: 1.07-1.54, P=0.026]) meaning that cattle in the areas served by the Bruce-Grey-Owen Sound, Huron, Wellington-Dufferin Guelph and Waterloo PHUs were at a higher risk for infection. Given that this area is known for having a high-density of dairy cattle, it should be considered as a target for further surveillance.
Addressing operational challenges of combatting malaria in a remote forest area of Vietnam using spatial decision support system approaches
Authors: Ngo Thang Duc , Canavati Sara E. , Dinh Ha Son , Ngo Thinh Duc , Tran Duong T. , Martin Nicholas J. , Kelly Gerard C.
Published: November 2019

This study examines the development of a spatial decision support system (SDSS) to address operational challenges for combatting malaria in a priority remote forest area of Vietnam including locating active malaria transmission, guiding targeted response, and identifying mobile and high-risk populations. A customized SDSS was developed for three communes in Phu Yen Province, Vietnam. Geographical reconnaissance (GR) was conducted to map and enumerate all households in the study site. During 2015 and 2016, detected malaria cases were reported to the SDSS and georeferenced to household residence. Individual case data were analysed in the SDSS to guide targeted response. Case investigation data, including suspected forest and remote area transmission locations, were also integrated into the SDSS. Surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted to assess utility and user acceptability. In 2015 and 2016, 4,667 households and a population of 17,563 were captured during GR. During the study period, 128 malaria cases were reported and automatically mapped in the SDSS. Targeted response interventions were conducted in 12 villages, testing 1,872 individuals. Intervention and remote-area sleeping site data were mapped and analysed using the SDSS. During follow-up interviews in 2017 the SDSS was found to be highly acceptable to malaria surveillance personnel. Results suggest that an SDSS can provide an effective tool in Vietnam to support the implementation of specialized surveillance, and calls for further research, application and roll-out in the Greater Mekong Subregion.
Spatiotemporal dengue fever hotspots associated with climatic factors in Taiwan including outbreak predictions based on machine-learning
Authors: Anno Sumiko , Hara Takeshi , Kai Hiroki , Lee Ming-An , Chang Yi , Oyoshi Kei , Mizukami Yousei , Tadono Takeo
Published: November 2019

Early warning systems (EWS) have been proposed as a measure for controlling and preventing dengue fever outbreaks in countries where this infection is endemic. A vaccine is not available and has yet to reach the market due to the economic burden of development, introduction and safety concerns. Understanding how dengue spreads and identifying the risk factors will facilitate the development of a dengue EWS, for which a climate-based model is still needed. An analysis was conducted to examine emerging spatiotemporal hotspots of dengue fever at the township level in Taiwan, associated with climatic factors obtained from remotely sensed data in order to identify the risk factors. Machinelearning was applied to support the search for factors with a spatiotemporal correlation with dengue fever outbreaks. Three dengue fever hotspot categories were found in southwest Taiwan and shown to be spatiotemporally associated with five kinds of sea surface temperatures. Machine-learning, based on the deep AlexNet model trained by transfer learning, yielded an accuracy of 100% on an 8-fold cross-validation test dataset of longitudetime sea surface temperature images.
A spatial analysis of referrals to a primary mental health programme in Western Sydney from 2012 to 2015
Authors: Maas Cailin , Salinas-Perez Jose A. , Bagheri Nasser , Rosenberg Sebastian , Campos William , Gillespie James A. , Salvador-Carulla Luis
Published: November 2019

Access to Allied Psychological Services is a primary mental health programme targeting hard-to-reach populations throughout Australia. This research aims to identify patterns of referrals to the programme in the Western Sydney Primary Health Network region from 2012 to 2015. The referral rates were analysed by using spatial autocorrelation indexes and spatial regression. The study area was described through the identification of the most disadvantaged areas and through consideration of three socio-economic indicators: percentage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, low educational attainment and low weekly incomes. A large hot spot (identifying high referral rates) was located across the duration of the study in the south-western urban area that partially covered a disadvantaged area. The main cold spot (identifying low referral rates) was located in the south-eastern urban area, covering another disadvantaged area, however critically this association disappeared over time. Our modelling showed that the referral rates had a direct association with the percentage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with low incomes, and an indirect association with low educational attainment. The results and technique are useful in monitoring and addressing inequality in health planning and policy.
Assessing joint spatial autocorrelations between mortality rates due to cardiovascular conditions in South Africa
Authors: Darikwa Timotheus B. , Manda Samuel , Lesaoana ‘Maseka
Published: November 2019

South Africa is experiencing an increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). There is evidence of co-morbidity of several NCDs at small geographical areas in the country. However, the extent to which this applies to joint spatial autocorrections of NCDs is not known. The objective of this study was to derive and quantify multivariate spatial autocorrections for NCDrelated mortality in South Africa. The study used mortality attributable to cerebrovascular, ischaemic heart failure and hypertension captured by the country’s Department of Home Affairs for the years 2001, 2007 and 2011. Both univariate and pairwise spatial clustering measures were derived using observed, empirical Bayes smoothed and age-adjusted standardised mortality rates. Cerebrovascular and ischaemic heart co-clustering was significant for the years 2001 and 2011. Cerebrovascular and hypertension co-clustering was significant for the years 2007 and 2011, while hypertension and ischaemic heart co-clustering was significant for the year 2011. Co-clusters of cerebrovascular-ischaemic heart disease are the most profound and located in the south-western part of the country. It was successfully demonstrated that bivariate spatial autocorrelations can be derived for spatially dependent mortality rates as exemplified by mortality rates attributed to three cardiovascular conditions. The identified co-clusters of spatially dependent health outcomes may be targeted for an integrated intervention and monitoring programme.
Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal
Authors: Thiam Sokhna , Cissé Guéladio , Stensgaard Anna-Sofie , Niang-Diène Aminata , Utzinger Jürg , Vounatsou Penelope
Published: November 2019

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.
Una piccola raccolta di ritratti dei primi Soci della Società Entomologica Italiana nell’archivio zoologico del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze
Authors: Barbagli Fausto , Poggi Roberto
Published: November 2019

Si riproducono 68 ritratti, datati tra il 1860 e il 1883, riferibili per la massima parte ai primi soci iscritti alla Società e pervenuti tra il 1869 (anno della fondazione) e gli anni ottanta dell’ottocento. Per ogni persona fotografata si forniscono sintetici dati biografici.
Knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among Greek physiotherapists
Authors: Pepera Garyfallia , Xanthos Εfstratios , Lilios Andreas , Xanthos Theodoros
Published: November 2019

High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for influencing survival from cardiac arrest. Healthcare professionals are expected to know how to perform CPR as they may encounter emergency situations during their work. Physiotherapists, who use exercise as a therapeutic approach, should have good knowledge and skills in CPR not only to cope with possible adverse cardiac events during exercise but also because a widespread CPR application and early defibrillation can greatly reduce mortality due to heart attack. The aim of this study is to investigate knowledge of Greek physiotherapists in European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation. A secondary aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge score between those with and without previous training and/or lower self-confidence in CPR skills. Three hundred and fifty Greek physiotherapists who were working in hospitals and rehabilitation centres (face-to-face and e-mail contact) were randomly selected to complete an anonymous questionnaire containing demographic questions, CPR experience questions, and ten theoretical knowledge questions, based on European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation. The response ratio was 63% (n=220 physiotherapists). Respondents’ total mean score for the theoretic knowledge questions was 4.1±2 (range 1-10); 21.4% of the respondents had participated in a CPR course, while only 0.9% had previous experience in CPR performance. The group of respondents who had attended a CPR course had a significantly higher score in CPR knowledge questions and higher confidence score (p<0.01). Moreover, the physiotherapists who attended refresher courses in CPR in the workplace scored significantly higher (p<0.01). Our results indicate that Greek physiotherapists have knowledge gaps in the European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation. The percentage of Greek physiotherapists who had CPR certification and recertification was low, thus the CPR training should be mandatory for all working physiotherapists.
Essential oil antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains
Authors: Bona Elisa , Massa Nadia , Novello Giorgia , Pavan Matteo , Rocchetti Andrea , Berta Graziella , Gamalero Elisa
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing infections that range from skin lesions to life threatening conditions. Methicillin resistance development in S. aureus strains represents a huge problem worldwide. The inhibition efficacy of twelve different essential oils (laurel, anise, oregano, basil, lavender, mint, rosemary, tea tree, bergamot, grapefruit, ginger and winter savory) and of the antibiotic Vancomycin was tested against S. aureus NCTC6571 and clinical isolates using paper disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution test methods. Forty-four S. aureus strains isolated from different human sample were characterized for antibiotic resistance and 41% of them were methicillin resistant. Among the twelve tested oils basil, oregano and savory showed stronger inhibition effect on S. aureus growth than Vancomycin. These results can be useful for the formulation of topical gel containing selected essential oils active against S. aureus strains.
Exploring Predictors of Moral Disengagement in Collegiate Athletic Trainers
Authors: Budziszewski Ross , Graupensperger Scott A. , Vierimaa Matthew
Published: November 2019

Context

Considering recent high-profile reports of malpractice and negligence by National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletic trainers (ATs), it is prudent to investigate the psychological mechanisms that may influence ATs' ability to justify unethical behaviors. When treating injured student-athletes, ATs may undergo a cognitive process known as moral disengagement, which involves convincing oneself that ethical standards do not apply in a particular context.

Objective

To explore the psychological factors and traits among ATs that may predict moral disengagement pertaining to allowing athletes to play through injuries.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 187 Division I, II, and III ATs from 100 NCAA universities.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

In addition to the primary outcome variable of moral disengagement, the survey captured the AT's demographic background, sport and athletic training histories, and measures of sport ethic, contesting orientations, commitment, and social identity.

Results

Cluster analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups of participants based on these variables. A 2-cluster solution emerged, with cluster 1 (n = 94) scoring higher in the sport-ethic and sport-contesting orientations but lower in commitment and social identity compared with cluster 2 (n = 93). An independent-samples t test revealed that moral disengagement was highest (t185 = 19.59, P < .001, d = 0.69) among ATs in cluster 1.

Conclusions

These findings advance our understanding of the psychological processes that may predict moral disengagement of ATs in allowing student-athletes to play through injury. Although additional research is needed to test whether moral disengagement influences return-to-play decisions, we provide initial evidence that ATs who conform to sport norms (eg, “no pain, no gain”) and who tend to view sport competition with a “war-like” orientation are more likely to morally disengage.
A Proposed Invention in Science Labs (ISL) Framework for Teaching Science
Authors: Jwaifell Mustafa , Kraishan Osama M.
Published: November 2019

The proposed Invention in Science Labs (ISL) framework conceptualizes invention within science labs through four elements representing phases of reaching inventions in a group context: Theoretical thinking: fluency, flexibility, and originality, solution, materials and context. Four phases should lead to a product that can be commercialized, while the whole process monitored through four procedures under the teacher's supervising the activities: Objectives, Procedures, Discussion, and Evaluation. The study listed the challenges faced during the implementation of ISL which can be overcome if policy makers have the awareness of using ISL in teaching, while teachers can change their approaches of instruction when they have the opportunity to practice it. Besides, the Jordanian Ministry of Education in general can conduct contests between students and schools to have more inventions which encourages using ISL framework. The study also proposed appropriate solutions for overcoming those challenges.
The Current Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in Ethiopia
Authors: Tilaye Sintayehu
Published: November 2019

The responsibility of the organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on the society and the environment, called Corporate Social Responsibility is evolving investment approach aimed mainly to contribute for sustainable development and welfare of the society. CSR is being integrated with economic and investment policy of different countries and practiced in different modalities. In Ethiopia, literatures indicates that only limited local as well as international or multinational organizations have been practicing CSR in a fragmented ways. Accordingly, this research was aimed to examine the practice of corporate social responsibility in Ethiopia, specifically in Hilton Hotel located at Addis Ababa. Up on the nature and purpose, the research is led by qualitative approach. Key informant and in-depth interviews were used as main data collection techniques. In addition, document review and systematic observation were also used to get supportive data. In-depth interviews were conducted with beneficiaries whereas key informant interviews were employed with managers of organizations. Totally 20 research participants: four employees, four key informant interviewees, and twelve beneficiaries were participated in this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the research participants based on the predetermined objectives of the research. The finding of the study shows that Hilton Hotel has several corporate social responsibility programs (CSR) in relation to employees support, community service, environmental protection, and customer handling. Provision of health insurance, freedom of associations for labor, facilitating continues skill based training, support to local NGOs, offering scholarship opportunities, and providing charity and other emergency support are some of the involvements Hilton Hotel has made through its CSR program. This research concluded that though there are several CSR made by the hotel but these have been made without regular budget as well as working procedures.
Did language evolve through language change? On language change, language evolution and grammaticalization theory
Authors: Mendívil-Giró José-Luis
Published: November 2019

The relation between language change and the process of language evolution is controversial in current linguistic theory. Some authors believe that the two processes are completely unrelated, while for others the evolution of language is (at least in part) a consequence of linguistic changes. Both models imply a very different assessment of what is changing when languages themselves change. I present an explicit model of what changes when languages change, and I show that the claim that language change is a crucial factor in explaining the evolution of human language, although suggestive and very popular, faces problems of a theoretical and empirical nature.
Nota editorial
Authors: Puppo Alberto
Published: November 2019

Isonomía llega a su número 50, lo que significa 25 años de una vida intensa, durante la cual un sinnúmero de académicos y académicas han contribuido a hacer de la revista un punto de referencia, tanto para los jóvenes investigadores como para los estudiosos más consagrados. No se puede, en este contexto de celebración, no pensar en los comienzos, comienzos que no me vieron como parte de la aventura, pero que indirectamente han sido parte de mi itinerario. En efecto, la aventura empezada por Rodolfo Vázquez se inscribe en una historia más amplia, animada desde ambos lados del océano Atlántico. Como en toda buena tradición, hay una herencia y una responsabilidad, y virtudes necesarias para transmitir la primera y asumir la segunda.
Mês Nacional de Conscientização da Fibrose Cística no Brasil
Authors: . .
Published: November 2019

O Unidos pela Vida – Instituto Brasileiro de Atenção à Fibrose Cística é uma organização da sociedade civil, que tem como missão fortalecer e desenvolver o ecossistema da fibrose cística por meio de ações que impactem na melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, familiares e demais envolvidos. Desenvolve nacionalmente projetos ligados à comunicação, suporte, incentivo à atividade física, desenvolvimento organizacional, políticas públicas, advocacy, educação e pesquisa. Dentro deste último eixo de atuação, apresenta orgulhosamente esta Edição Especial, graças à parceria com a Universidade Federal do Paraná e com a Revista Visão Acadêmica. O Instituto tem sede em Curitiba e atuação nacional. Para saber mais: www.unidospelavida.org.br - contato@unidospelavida.org.br
ANÁLISE DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS CORPORAIS DO PEIXE Betta splendens
Authors: Gomes Veruska Dilyanne Silva , Amâncio Alda Lúcia de Lima , Cavalcanti Cacio Ribeiro , Batista João Marcos Monteiro
Published: November 2019

A piscicultura ornamental representa um mercado lucrativo. Uma característica marcante do setor é a variedade de espécies das quais, o Betta splendens se destaca como um dos peixes mais comercializados no cenário mundial. Mediante a importância da espécie e escassez de informações sobre o tema, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de descrever características fenotípicas e a concentração de glicose sanguínea (dm/l) de acordo com o sexo, como também, identificar correlações entre peso corporal e medidas morfométricas do Betta splendens. Foram utilizados 80 peixes divididos em dois grupos, machos e fêmeas com 6 meses de vida. A coleta de dados consistiu na pesagem, medição (comprimento total e padrão, largura, altura e comprimento da cabeça) e coleta de sangue para análise da concentração de glicose. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias comparadas pelo teste t, e realizada análise de correlação de Pearson entre peso e características morfométricas. Os machos possuem maior comprimento total e de cabeça, enquanto as fêmeas apresentam maior largura. A glicose sanguínea permaneceu entre 50,40 e 51,11 dm/l para a espécie. Existe forte correlação positiva entre todas as variáveis analisadas, sendo a relação entre comprimento total e comprimento padrão a mais forte observada no grupo das fêmeas, e a relação entre comprimento total e comprimento de cabeça para machos. Conhecer o comportamento e relação entre características fenotípicas do Betta splendens pode contribuir para estudos visando seleção de características desejáveis nas espécies ornamentais, contribuindo com a formação de novas linhagens.
Ciclos político-eleitorais e alocação dos gastos públicos: uma análise para os municípios brasileiros
Authors: Dal Ri Fabiano , Correia Fernando Motta
Published: November 2019

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a evolução dos ciclos políticos nos municípios brasileiros com base em séries históricas de variáveis orçamentárias. Busca-se observar de que forma os municípios respondem à mudança regulatória trazida pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal no manejo dos gastos públicos. Aplica-se uma base teórica desenvolvida desde a década de 70 a partir da Teoria dos Ciclos Orçamentários. Utiliza-se dados fiscais disponibilizados através do Tesouro Nacional. Os principais resultados mostram um canal aberto para utilização de critérios discricionários na alocação dos recursos públicos, que adquirem caráter cíclico frente a interesses eleitorais. Tal situação se revela particularmente intensa nos municípios mais dependentes de transferências governamentais, indicando, mais uma vez, a utilização oportunista de recursos públicos na busca de resultados políticos.
Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass and community function in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Cui Jun , Teng Zhen , Fan Wei , Guan Mengran , Zhao Xiaoya , Xu Xiaoniu
Published: November 2019

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 5-year simulated nitrogen (N) deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), microbial community activity and diversity in subtropical old-growth forest ecosystems.Area of study: The study was conducted in forest located at subtropical forest in Anhui, east China.Material and methods: Three blocks with three fully randomized plots of 20 m × 20 m with similar forest community and soil conditions were established. The site applied ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) to simulate N deposition (50 and 100 kg N ha−1 year −1). From three depths (0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm), were collected over four seasons (December, March, June and September), and then measured by community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs).Main results: N addition had no significant effect on MBC and MBN. The spatiotemporal variations in MBC and MBN were controlled by seasonality and soil depth. Soil microbial activities and diversity in the growing season (June and September) were apparently higher than the dormant season (March and December), there were significantly lower diversity indices found following N addition in September. However, N addition enhanced microbial activities and increased diversity indices in the dormant season. Redundancy analysis showed that pH, soil moisture, NO3--N and total phosphorus were the most important factors controlling the spatial pattern of microbial metabolic activity.Research highlights: These results suggest that soil microbial community function is more easily influenced than microbial biomass. The site has a trend of P-limited or near-N saturation, and will threaten the whole forest ecosystem with the increasing duration of N addition.Keywords: Nitrogen deposition; Seasonality; Soil microbial biomass; Microbial community; Subtropical old-growth forest.
Emergency Department Utilization After Outpatient Hand Surgery
Authors: Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Wang Joanne H. , Kim Chang-Yeon , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Liu Raymond W. , Voos James E. , Bafus Blaine T. , Malone Kevin J.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The purpose of this study was to identify the utilization rate and most common reasons for presentation to the emergency department (ED) after elective outpatient hand surgery and to determine preoperative risk factors for these ED visits.

Methods:

Patients who underwent elective hand surgery at an ambulatory surgery center between 2014 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated using the New York and Florida State Databases. The primary outcome was all-cause 7- and 30-day ED utilization rates. Reasons for presentation to the ED were recorded and manually stratified. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of ED utilization.

Results:

From 2014 to 2015, 212,506 procedures were identified; the 7- and 30-day ED visit rates were 1.8% and 4.4%, respectively. Postoperative pain was the most common cause of an ED visit after outpatient hand surgery at 7 days (25.4%) and 30 days (16.1%) postoperatively. Overall, 98% of patients presenting to the ED for postoperative pain were subsequently discharged home. After controlling for confounding, comorbid congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, diabetes, renal failure, schizophrenia, and depression were independent risk factors for an ED visit at up to 30 days postoperatively. Those with Medicare insurance were 94% more likely to present to the ED within 30 days than those with private health insurance, whereas those with Medicaid were more than three times as likely to present to the ED as those with private insurance.

Discussion:

ED utilization after outpatient hand surgery is low, with postoperative pain being the most common cause of an ED visit at all time points. Nearly 98% of patients presenting to the ED for postoperative pain are subsequently discharged home.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Retrospective Cohort
Constructions and Deconstructions of Cultural Identities in Greater Romania. B. Fundoianu and the Self-Colonizing Metaphor
Authors: Bartosiewicz Olga
Published: November 2019

The article “Constructions and Deconstructions of Cultural Identities in Greater Romania. B. Fundoianu and the Self-Colonizing Metaphor” proposes a general overview of two dominant narratives in cultural identity discourse in Greater Romania: the traditionalist and the modernist one. Even though the proponents of each of the tendencies have a different vision of constitutive elements which Romanian identity consists of their aspirations are similar: they want to define Romania’s place in the changed political system in Europe after World War I. Furthermore, they attempt to answer the following question: what path of evolution should the new-born country follow? However, the article also presents a critical approach to the ideas and myths circulating in intellectual milieus after 1918. Hence, the second part of the study analyzes two essays: “Preface” to Images and Books from France and “Critical Spirit in Romanian Culture,” published by a Romanian Jewish author B. Fundoianu (1898–1944). Through his texts, the young essayist builds a counter-narrative which exposes the danger of blind search for national specificity and encourages Romanian intellectuals to use the “critical spirit” as the main tool in the processes of modernization. Denominating Romania “a French cultural colony,” Fundoianu draws attention to the dilemmas discussed in the article through the prism of the category of “self-colonization,” introduced to the discourse about Central and South-Eastern Europe by the contemporary Bulgarian historian Alexander Kiossev.
„Wojna ducha” na Wschodzie. Propaganda i nauka w służbie ruchów narodowych
Authors: Borodziej Włodzimierz , Górny Maciej
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the issue of the political involvement of people of science and culture in Central and Eastern Europe during World War I and in the immediate aftermath. In comparison with the phenomenon of the “war of the spirits” known in the historiography, so far observed mainly in France, Germany and Great Britain, the regional variation of this phenomenon was characterized by a greater informational value and a stronger relationship between journalistic writing and professional science. In particular, the representatives of such disciplines as physical (racial) anthropology and geography in the service of their national movements and governments engaged the whole arsenal of scientific means of persuasion: they used the language of a particular science, created coherent and logical, formally correct theories, argued, while maintaining the appropriate forms, with ideological opponents. These features of the discourse, among other things, contributed to the viability of their scientific theories from World War I, which – unlike analogous creations of Western European luminaries of art and science – still retain the right to exist in a professional academic and journalistic communities in Central and Eastern Europe.
Genomic selection through single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction improves the accuracy of evaluation in Hanwoo cattle
Authors: Park Mi Na , Alam Mahboob , Kim Sidong , Park Byoungho , Lee Seung Hwan , Lee Sung Soo
Published: November 2019

Objective: Genomic selection (GS) is becoming popular in animals’ genetic development. We, therefore, investigated the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) as tool for GS, and compared its efficacy with the traditional pedigree BLUP (pedBLUP) method.Methods: A total of 9,952 males born between 1997 and 2018 under Hanwoo proven-bull selection program was studied. We analyzed body weight at 12 months and carcass weight (kg), backfat thickness, eye muscle area, and marbling score traits. About 7,387 bulls were genotyped using Illumina 50K BeadChip Arrays. Multiple-trait animal model analyses were performed using BLUPF90 software programs. Breeding value accuracy was calculated using two methods: i) Pearson’s correlation of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) with EBV of all animals (rM1) and ii) correlation using inverse of coefficient matrix from the mixed-model equations (rM2). Then, we compared these accuracies by overall population, info-type (PHEN, phenotyped-only; GEN, genotyped-only; and PH+GEN, phenotyped and genotyped), and bull-types (YBULL, young male calves; CBULL, young candidate bulls; and PBULL, proven bulls).Results: The rM1 estimates in the study were between 0.90 and 0.96 among five traits. The rM1 estimates varied slightly by population and info-type, but noticeably by bull-type for traits. Generally average rM2 estimates were much smaller than rM1 (pedBLUP, 0.40 to0.44; ssGBLUP, 0.41 to 0.45) at population level. However, rM2 from both BLUP models varied noticeably across info-types and bull-types. The ssGBLUP estimates of rM2 in PHEN, GEN, and PH+ GEN ranged between 0.51 and 0.63, 0.66 and 0.70, and 0.68 and 0.73, respectively. In YBULL, CBULL, and PBULL, the rM2 estimates ranged between 0.54 and 0.57, 0.55 and 0.62, and 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. The pedBLUP based rM2 estimates were also relatively lower than ssGBLUP estimates. At the population level, we found an increase in accuracy by 2.0% to 4.5% among traits. Traits in PHEN were least influenced by ssGBLUP (0% to 2.0%), whereas the highest positive changes were in GEN (8.1% to 10.7%). PH+GEN also showed 6.5% to 8.5% increase in accuracy by ssGBLUP. However, the highest improvements were found in bull-types (YBULL, 21% to 35.7%; CBULL, 3.3% to 9.3%; PBULL, 2.8% to 6.1%).Conclusion: A noticeable improvement by ssGBLUP was observed in this study. Findings of differential responses to ssGBLUP by various bulls could assist in better selection decision making as well. We, therefore, suggest that ssGBLUP could be used for GS in Hanwoo provenbull evaluation program.
Effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota, tight junctions, and inflammation in young broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Authors: Chang Chi Huan , Teng Po Yun , Lee Tzu Tai , Yu Bi
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study assessed the effects of probiotics on cecal microbiota, gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and immune response in the cecal tonsil of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n = 240) were randomly allocated to four treatments: negative control (Cont), multi-strain probiotic-treated group (Pro), Salmonella-infected group (Sal), and multi-strain probiotic-treated and Salmonella-infected group (ProSal). All chickens except those in the Cont and Pro groups were gavaged with 1×108 cfu/mL of S. enterica subsp. enterica 4 days after hatching.Results: Our results indicated that body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of birds were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by Salmonella challenge. Chickens challenged with Salmonella decreased cecal microbial diversity. Chickens in the Sal group exhibited abundant Proteobacteria than those in the Cont, Pro, and ProSal groups. Salmonella infection downregulated gene expression of Occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), and Mucin 2 in the jejunum and Occludin and Claudin in the ileum. Moreover, the Sal group increased gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITAF) and reduced levels of transforming growth factor-β4 and IL-10 compared with the other groups (p<0.05). However, chickens receiving probiotic diets increased Lactobacillaceae abundance and reduced Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the ceca. Moreover, supplementation with probiotics increased the mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO1, and Mucin 2 in the ileum (p<0.05). In addition, probiotic supplementation downregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γ (p<0.05) and LITAF (p = 0.075) and upregulated IL-10 (p = 0.084) expression in the cecal tonsil.Conclusion: The administration of multi-strain probiotics modulated intestinal microbiota, gene expression of tight junction proteins, and immunomodulatory activity in broiler chickens.
Cooperación Sur-Sur como alternativa al Capitalismo Cognitivo
Authors: Argothy Luis Anderson , Pupiales Rafael , Mafla Andrés
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo de investigación busca realizar una revisión de la literatura referente a la Cooperación Sur-Sur y al Capitalismo Cognitivo de tal forma que se responda a la pregunta ¿es posible mediante al cooperación entre países del Sur romper la dependencia de conocimiento frente a los países del Norte?, así el principal objetivo es identificar la situación actual de América Latina y el Caribe a nivel de ciencia, tecnología e innovación frente a los países desarrollados, para de esta manera poder plantear alternativas de cooperación entre los países del sur. La metodología de la investigación es de tipo cualitativa la primera parte mediante una revisión teórica profunda, y cuantitativa generando un conjunto de indicadores que permiten la comparación de la Regio frente a países del Norte, para esto se utilizan bases de datos internacionales. Una de las conclusiones obtenidas es que existe una dependencia de conocimiento de los países del Sur frente a los países del Norte y que es necesaria la Cooperación Sur-Sur para cerrar estas brechas de conocimiento.
O REAL E O IDEAL DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE LICENCIATURA EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM SITUAÇÃO DE ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Krug Hugo Norberto , Krug Marilia de Rosso , Krug Rodrigo de Rosso , Telles Cassiano
Published: November 2019

Este estudo objetivou analisar o real e o ideal na prática pedagógica na Educação Física Escolar (EFE) durante o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) no Ensino Médio (EM); na percepção de acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física (EF) do Centro de Educação Física e Desportos (CEFD) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Caracterizamos os procedimentos metodológicos como uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo de estudo de caso. O instrumento para a coleta de informações utilizou-se um questionário, tendo a interpretação das respostas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Participaram dezoito  acadêmicos do 5º semestre do curso de Licenciatura em EF do CEFD/UFSM, matriculados na disciplina de ECC I (EM). Concluímos que a EFE real já é, em boa parte, conhecida pelos acadêmicos estudados, mas que as informações obtidas não bastam para antecipar ou projetar a EFE ideal, sendo que não é possível conhecer sua totalidade nesse momento pré-profissional, isto é, de ECS.
Base Nacional Comum Curricular e Educação Infantil: a ciranda das Artes na Escola de Aplicação da UFPA
Authors: França Rita de Cássia Cabral Rodrigues de , Santos Raquel Amorim dos
Published: November 2019

O presente estudo tem como tema a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e a Arte na Educação Infantil. Dessa forma, problematiza o conceito de criança na perspectiva da BNCC e a importância do brincar e interagir para o desenvolvimento artístico da criança na Educação Infantil. A pesquisa ocorreu no decorrer do primeiro semestre de 2018 na Escola de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Pará. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa, estruturada na bibliografia especializada no diálogo em arte, com a concepção de interação social; em se tratando do brincar tomamos como referências significativas produções da área, a metodologia adotou a pesquisa de campo, como instrumento de coleta de dados e a observação. Os resultados mostram por meio deste estudo que a BNCC desvela um conceito de criança histórico-social; a Escola de Aplicação promove a brincadeira e interação direcionando também para o fazer artístico, contribuem para o desenvolvimento das habilidades artísticas da criança, bem como para aprendizagens, desenvolvimento e socialização da criança no meio social.
From Analog Objects to Digital Devices
Authors: Montoya Jorge William ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

This article intends to establish a comparison between technical analog objects—which were the objects of the epoch when the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon elaborated his philosophical reflection—and digital devices that emerged in the last few decades of the 1900s. First, I define the main features of Simondon’s technical objects in order to understand what the necessary conditions are for there to be technical progress, which is based on what he called the process of concretization. Then, I analyze the relationship between digital objects—as understood by Yuk Hui—and digital devices that take over from analog objects, without necessarily presenting continuity in an evolutionary process. Finally, I intend to expose the role that both analog objects and digital devices play as mediators with the world in a digital era, and to address the question of technical culture nowadays.