bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wheat Genetic Loci Conferring Resistance to Yellow Rust in the Face of Recent Epidemics of Genetically Diverse Races of the Fungus Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici
Authors: Bouvet Laura , Percival-Alwyn Lawrence , Berry Simon , Fenwick Paul , Mantello Camila Campos , Holdgate Sarah , Mackay Ian , Cockram James
Published: April 2021

Yellow rust (YR), or stripe rust, is a major fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Since 2011, the historically clonal European Pst races have been superseded by the rapid incursion of genetically diverse lineages, reducing the resistance of varieties that previously showed durable resistance. Identification of sources of genetic resistance to such races is a high priority for wheat breeding. Here we use a wheat eight-founder multi-parent population genotyped with a 90,000 feature single nucleotide polymorphism array to genetically map adult plant YR resistance to such new Pst races. Analysis of five trials, at three sites in the UK, consistently identified four highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) across all test environments, located on chromosomes 1A (QYr.niab-1A.1), 2A (QYr.niab-2A.1), 2B (QYr.niab-2B.1) and 2D (QYr.niab-2D.1). Together these explained ~ 50% of the phenotypic variation, and genetic markers were developed that distinguished resistant and susceptible alleles. Analysis of these QTL in two-way and three-way combinations showed combinations conferred greater resistance than single QTL. Four additional major-effect QTL were detected in two or more trials, together explaining 15–20% of the phenotypic variation, as well as six minor QTL. Genomic analysis found the median physical interval size of these eight QTL to be 19.8 Mbp, and QYr.niab-2A.1 and QYr.niab-2D.1 to be at homoeologous locations on the group-2 chromosomes. Notably, the QYr.niab-2B.1 physical interval contained five nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) candidate genes with integrated BED domains, of which two corresponded to the cloned resistance genes Yr7 and Yr5/YrSp.
Primal-Dual Approach to Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Demand and Supply Side Analyses of Environmental Degradation.
Authors: dinga gildas dohba , FONCHAMNYO DOBDINGA CLETUS , ACHUO ELVIS DZE
Published: April 2021

Global warming and its unavoidable negatives effects on man and the environment have been a key if not the most important issue occupying policy makers in the world at large today. The much talked about green economy nowadays seeks to achieve sustainable economic growth and development without compromising environmental quality. The relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth is largely explained by the environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. By employing the basic postulation of the baseline EKC framework, this study proposes and tests the existence of a dualistic approach of the EKC hypothesis. Geometry is used to illustrate the proposed dualistic model. Meanwhile, the novel dynamic common correlation effect econometric technique is employed to test the existence of the dualistic EKC within a panel of 109 countries from 1995 to 2016. The outcome from the estimated models shows that, in the global sample, the existence of the dualistic U-shape and N-shape EKC hypothesis is validated. When the sample is split into sub samples based on income levels, the U-shape EKC hypothesis is validated for lower income and high income economies meanwhile, the N-shape dualistic EKC is mostly associated with high income economies.
Deep Learning in Brain MRI: Effect of Data Leakage Due to Slice-level Split Using 2D Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Yagis Ekin , Atnafu Selamawet Workalemahu , de Herrera Alba García Seco , Marzi Chiara , Giannelli Marco , Tessa Carlo , Citi Luca , Diciotti Stefano
Published: April 2021

In recent years, 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been extensively used for the diagnosis of neurological diseases from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data due to their potential to discern subtle and intricate patterns. Despite the high performances reported in numerous studies, developing CNN models with good generalization abilities is still a challenging task due to possible data leakage introduced during cross-validation (CV). In this study, we quantitatively assessed the effect of a data leakage caused by 3D MRI data splitting based on a 2D slice-level using three 2D CNN models for the classification of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our experiments showed that slice-level CV erroneously boosted the average slice level accuracy on the test set by 30% on Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS), 29% on Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), 48% on Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and 55% on a local de-novo PD Versilia dataset. Further tests on a randomly labeled OASIS-derived dataset produced about 96% of (erroneous) accuracy (slice-level split) and 50% accuracy (subject-level split), as expected from a randomized experiment. Overall, the extent of the effect of an erroneous slice-based CV is severe, especially for small datasets.
Detection of COVID-19 from X-rays using Hybrid Deep Learning Models
Authors: Nandi Ritika , Mulimani Manjunath
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a hybrid deep learning model is proposed for the detection of coronavirus from chest X-ray images. The hybrid deep learning model is a combination of ResNet50 and MobileNet. Both ResNet50 and MobileNet are light Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and can be used with low hardware resource-based Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) for quick detection of COVID-19 infection. The performance of the proposed hybrid model is evaluated on two publicly available COVID-19 chest X-ray datasets.
Both datasets include normal, pneumonia and coronavirus infected chest X-rays. Results show that the proposed hybrid model more suitable for COVID-19 detection and achieve the highest recognition accuracy on both the datasets.
Detecting Drought Regulators using Stochastic Inference in Bayesian Networks
Authors: Lahiri Aditya , Zhou Lin , He Ping , Datta Aniruddha
Published: April 2021

Drought is a natural hazard that affects crops by inducing water stress. Water stress, induced by drought, accounts for more loss in crop yield than all the other causes combined. With the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts worldwide, it is essential to develop drought-resistant crops to ensure food security. In this paper, we model multiple drought signaling pathways in Arabidopsis using Bayesian networks to identify potential regulators of drought-responsive reporter genes. Genetically intervening at these regulators can help develop drought-resistant crops. We create the Bayesian network model from the biological literature and determine its parameters from publicly available data. We conduct inference on this model using a stochastic simulation technique known as likelihood weighting to determine the best regulators of drought-responsive reporter genes. Our analysis reveals that activating MYC2 or inhibiting ATAF1 are the best single node intervention strategies to regulate the drought-responsive reporter genes. Additionally, we observe simultaneously activating MYC2 and inhibiting ATAF1 is a better strategy. The Bayesian network model indicated that MYC2 and ATAF1 are possible regulators of the drought response. Validation experiments showed that ATAF1 negatively regulated the drought response. Thus intervening at ATAF1 has the potential to create drought-resistant crops.
FUNDRAISING AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kobushko Ia. , Maiboroda O.
Published: April 2021

The current development of Ukrainian higher education institutions is characterized by the growth of their aspirations and opportunities to increase their own budgets by finding new sources and funding tools. In the context of the study of sources of additional funding, the peculiarities of the use of fundraising have been studied. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is concluded that the main sources of raising funds in the world are business companies, foundations and individual donors. Factors influencing the motivation in fundraising for business entities, individuals, and authorities have been identified. It has been found that the population makes up the majority of fundraising donors in most countries. As a result of the reform of funding models for foreign universities, private capital flows are becoming relevant, which contribute to the introduction of a fundraising tool in the field of education. The article analyzes the experience of implementing fundraising in public institutions on the example of American and European universities. It is established that intensifying the actions of foreign governments to support fundraising activities in higher education plays a key role in promoting fundraising for universities through the introduction of tax benefits, tax incentives for fundraising, providing the necessary prerequisites for successful fundraising and more. The characteristics of fundraising measures and directions of financing at the expense of attracted funds are generalized. The main steps and difficulties of introduction of fundraising by higher education institutions in Ukraine are considered, its functions, the basic normative-legal maintenance of fundraising in educational and scientific spheres are analyzed. The need to implement fundraising as a tool in the strategy of financing higher education institutions, to develop a structure for raising funds and the purposes of their use. It is established priority areas for the use of funds raised as a result of fundraising in the field of education in Ukraine have been identified. The essence of fundraising in the field of higher education on the basis of the mechanism of endowment funds, which provides for the mobilization of financial resources for the development of higher education institutions, is investigeted. It is established that under the condition of symbiosis of cooperation between universities and the government, the development of fundraising will contribute to the implementation of state economic policy in the field of education.
Impact of yeast sediment beta-glucans on the quality indices of yoghurt
Authors: Chirsanova A. I. , Boistean A. V. , Chiseliță N. , Siminiuc R.
Published: April 2021

The objective of the study was to investigate the potential application of beta-glucans obtained from yeast sediment resulting from the manufacture of local Viorica wine (2018 harvest). To determine the amount of beta-glucans in the yeast sediment, two were used: the calculation method and the laboratory method, obtaining similar quantities, 29.92 ± 0.47 and 28.17 ± 0.32 respectively. The beta -glucans obtained were incorporated in various concentrations (0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3%; 0.4% and 0.5%) in the yogurt obtained from skimmed milk. The effect of beta-glucan addition on the physicochemical properties of freshly prepared yogurts was investigated. The addition of beta-glucans positively influenced the formation of the gel relay resulting in a decrease in the fermentation time of yogurt. The final pH point of 4.5 was reached one hour earlier (in 4 hours) compared to the control sample (in 5 hours). The results showed that there are no significant changes in physicochemical properties (titratable acidity, pH, viscosity and syneresis). The results obtained report that beta-glucans can be used as a thickening agent for low-fat yogurts by shortening the fermentation period and not essentially changing the sensory characteristics. Experimental results showed that the glycemic index of yogurt samples with the addition of beta-glucans have similar values in the range of 28-30. Respectively, the yogurts under study are attributed to food category with low glycemic index.
Research of the polyethylene packaging layer structure change in contact with a food product at exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Fedotova O. B. , Pryanichnikova N. S.
Published: April 2021

The sanitary and hygienic safety of modern packaging is determined by the layer of packaging material in direct contact with the food product. This layer in most cases is a synthetic polymer of the polyolefin class — low density polyethylene. This material is used as a stand-alone packaging and in multilayer and combined packaging materials. During thermal and photooxidation, compounds can form in it that negatively affect the safety of the package, which can migrate into the product. Food technologies use methods of disinfecting packaging materials and packaging before filling or bottling products. These methods include ultraviolet irradiation of the surface, which has a bactericidal effect. Using spectral methods of analysis, researches have been carried out on changes in the polyethylene layers structure in the film’s composition, multilayer films and combined packaging materials when exposed to pulsed ultraviolet radiation in a wide spectral range (irradiation with a pulsed xenon lamp). Deformations of polyethylene macromolecules chemical bonds on the surface and boundary layers under the influence of pulsed UV-irradiation have been revealed. The IR spectra of ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) were obtained, the analysis of which showed that the monofilm is subject to the greatest destructive effect, as evidenced by the appearance of characteristic absorption bands responsible for the formation of aldehyde, ketone groups, as well as for the polymer chain termination. It is shown that the use of food soot in the composition of multilayer packaging films blocks their photo destruction. Upon irradiation of a combined material based on cardboard intended for bottling milk, an absorption band was found in the spectra, which is responsible for the onset of the destruction process with the formation of aldehyde and carboxylate groups with the formation of aldehyde and carboxylate groups.

Comparison of changes in structure in three different packaging objects containing a polyethylene layer shows the feasibility and necessity of using combined and multilayer materials for food products packaging, in which, even under extreme UV-irradiation, there are practically no photo destruction processes, which is confirmed by spectral researches.
Determining the authenticity of turmeric
Authors: Vostrikova N. L. , Minaev M. Yu. , Chikovani K. G.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the problem of the composition instability in the ready ground spice, turmeric. Analysis of the prevalent methods for turmeric adulteration and substances used for these purposes is given. The visual assessment of color tints of the turmeric root, spices containing it and chemical dyes based on chromium salts is presented. The studies on determination of the lead and chromium content were carried out to study the content of these metals and test the hypothesis of using lead chromate as a dye in adulteration of turmeric. Using the method of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the lead content in the analyzed turmeric samples varied from 1.72 ± 0.58 to 5.03 ± 1.80 mg/kg, while the chromium content was in a range of 5.56 ± 0.85 to 16.15 ± 2.32 mg/kg. As a result of species specific PCR, wheat DNA was revealed in all purchased samples of ground turmeric. The levels of the main raw material replacement were established, which were 0.14% to 14.95% with the correlation coefficient close to 100%; efficiency of the reaction was 1.95, which was 97.5% when expressed as percentage. These levels of an undeclared allergen in the product composition can cause a serious allergic reaction. The authors tested the hypothesis of introduction of sodium and potassium salts for correction of the color spectrum in the ready spice and its correspondence to the natural color within the color spectrum of turmeric. As a result of the complex study of the spice composition, quite high values of chromium were found, presumably not only from the lead chromate compound but also from chromic acid salts, as the high level of potassium that significantly exceeded the native content of this element was found.
Unconventional superconductivity in a strongly correlated band-insulator without doping
Authors: Chattopadhyay Anwesha , krishnamurthy H R , Garg Arti
Published: April 2021

We present a novel route for attaining unconventional superconductivity in a strongly correlated system without doping. In a simple model of a correlated band insulator at half-filling we demonstrate, based on a generalization of the projected wavefunctions method, that superconductivity emerges for a broad range of model parameters when e-e interactions and the bare band-gap are both much larger than the kinetic energy, provided the system has sufficient frustration against the magnetic order. As the interactions are tuned, the superconducting phase appears sandwiched between the correlated band insulator followed by a paramagnetic metal on one side, and a ferrimagnetic metal, antiferromagnetic half-metal, and Mott insulator phases on the other side.
An innovative compound bed of EDI device with enhancing ion-exchange resins regeneration efficiency
Authors: Chen Xu , Wang Lida , Wan Zhuang , Sun Wen , Yang Zhengqing , Jin Jingjing , Liu Guichang
Published: April 2021

Electrodeionization (EDI) technology is limited by low regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins, requirements of high-quality influent water, fouling of the ion exchange membrane and electrode, etc. In this work, a novel bed type called a compound bed in which cation and anion exchange resins were near the cation and anion exchange membrane and placed in layers, was proposed to implement high-efficiency regeneration of ion exchange resins. The influence of different operating conditions on the regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins was elucidated as well. The regeneration efficiency of ion exchange resins could reach 73.1%, when the device was operated for 5 h under current density of 9 mA/cm2, with a cation and anion exchange resins ratio of 2: 3, influent water conductivity of 1,360 μS/cm and hardness of 400 mg/L. Therefore, the proposed compound bed structure not only widened the inlet water conditions, but also achieved the high-efficiency regeneration of ion exchange resins and anti-fouling of membranes and electrodes.
The determination of fertiliser quality of the formed struvite from a WWTP
Authors: González C. , Fernández B. , Molina F. , Camargo-Valero M. A. , Peláez C.
Published: April 2021

Struvite from nutrient-rich wastewaters has been identified as a potential substitute for commercial mineral fertilisers, with the added benefit of reducing threats to global food security by prolonging phosphate rock reserves. A fertilisation test using grass (Brachiaria brizantha Marandú) and a sand column leaching test was conducted to determine the agronomic effectiveness of struvite precipitates produced from the supernatant of dewatered sewage sludge (centrate) from a municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The performance of this struvite as a fertiliser was compared with biosolids and commercial fertilisers (Urea and Triple15). The results show that the concentration of heavy metals in struvite was lower than in biosolids and below the limits of Colombia and European fertiliser regulations. Struvite increased the uptake of N and P in grass, resulting in crop yields similar to other treatments tested. Struvite use as an effective slow-release fertiliser is highly dependent on the size of crystal particles, particularly in achieving low P losses, but resulted in high N loss in the sand columns tested; N loses from struvite were higher than in the commercial fertilisers due to the struvite small particle size. Therefore, struvite represents a suitable opportunity to recover and recycle nutrients from municipal sewage sludge, facilitating the effective reuse of P and N in agriculture and uptake by plants.
Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Fenofibrate Using a
Box-Behnken Design for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement
Authors: Wang Huijuan , Hong Wei , Li Xiangyu , Jin Qian , Ye Weifeng , Feng Yumiao , Huang Biyao , Tai Zhongjia , Chen Lu , Li Zhiping , Wang Yuli , Yang Yang , Gao Chunsheng , Gong Wei , Yang Meiyan
Published: April 2021

Background:

Fenofibrate (FNB) is a commonly used hypolipidemic agent. However,
the oral bioavailability of FNB is limited by slow dissolution due to its low solubility. Thus, investigations
on novel FNB formulations are necessary for their use.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to enhance the oral bioavailability of FNB using optimized
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) formulations.

Methods:

Hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication was used to prepare FNB-NLCs. These
formulations were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, where the amount of FNB (X1), a ratio
of solid lipid/liquid lipid (X2), and the percentage of emulsifier (X3) were set as independent variables,
while the particle size (Y1), and Entrapment Efficiency (EE%) (Y2), were used as dependent
factors. An in vitro dissolution test was then performed using a paddle method, while an in vivo
pharmacokinetic study of FNB-NLC formulation was performed in rats.

Results:

FNB-NLCs were successfully prepared and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The
particle size and EE% of the FNB-NLC had less than 5% difference from predicted values. The in
vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability of the FNB-NLC were both higher than those of raw FNB.

Conclusion:

A Box-Behnken design was successfully applied to optimize FNB-NLC formulation
for the enhancement of the dissolution and bioavailability of FNB, a poorly water-soluble drug.
Management of Musculoskeletal Complications in Patients with Hemophilia:
Literature Review and Expert Recommendations
Authors: Rodriguez-Merchan E. Carlos
Published: April 2021

:

In people with hemophilia, hematological prophylaxis during childhood and adolescence
could elude the occurrence of musculoskeletal complications (in joints and muscles) if the
concentration of the defective factor is averted from decreasing under 1% of normal. Prompt management
is of capital significance as the juvenile skeleton is hypersensitive to the adverse events of
the disease; intense structural defects might appear rapidly. Important, articular bleeds and inveterate
hypertrophy of the articular synovial membrane must be treated vigorously to preclude joint degeneration
(hemophilic arthropathy). At the moment that extreme joint disease is in place with intense
affliction, the goal must be to reestablish activity whilst at the same time reducing the peril to
the patient. Arthroscopic articular debridement is an efficacious surgical technique to accomplish
this goal, particularly around the knee or ankle, and maybe contemplated to be a backup to ankle
arthrodesis or ankle or knee replacement in patients of younger age. Eventually, joint replacement
can commonly reestablish both articular mobility and function in an unhealthy articulation.
Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment: Current Evidence and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Singh Kavita , Yadav Dhananjay , Jain Meenu , Singh Pramod Kumar , Jin Jun-O
Published: April 2021

:

Breast Cancer (BC) has the highest incidence among all forms of malignancies detected in women globally. The therapeutic approaches available for BC include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, and surgery. Recently, advanced immunology-based therapeutics with potential for BC treatment, including immune checkpoint blockades, vaccines, and combinations with other treatment strategies, have emerged. Although commonly used treatments such as trastuzumab/ pertuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive BC and hormone therapy for estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive BC are specific, triple-negative BC cases remain a great challenge for treatment measures. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti- PD-1/anti-CTLA-4) and anti-cancer vaccines (NeuVax, MUC-1, AVX901, INO-1400, and CEA), either alone or in combination with other therapies, represent a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the current immunotherapeutic aspects and ongoing trials aimed at the development of better treatment regimens for BC.
Risk factors of toxoplasmosis in goat and sheep that influence in human infection
Authors: Fatmawati Mira , Padaga Masdiana C , Mayashinta Dearikha Karina , Aini Fidi Nur
Published: April 2021

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis that is transmitted from animals to humans. The definitive landlady of toxoplasmosis is a cat. However, goats can be infected by this disease. One third of the world's humans are estimated to be infected with toxoplasmosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The research method is by serological testing of toxoplasmosis in humans using ELISA and serological testing of toxoplasmosis in goats and sheep using ToMAT. The results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in humans was 15.1% while in goats it was 61.1% and in sheep it was 58.9%. Risk factors that influence the incidence of toxoplasmosis are maintenance management factors such as feeding from grass that take it from fields, provision of drinking water collected, procedures for providing cages, and also cat litter available. While health management factors that become risk factors are separated of sick animals. Potential human transmission through knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers related to the control of toxoplasmosis. The conclusion of this study is the need for socialization to farmers to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers related to maintenance management and health enforcement factors that are a risk of transmitting toxoplasmosis, enclosure sanitation and maintenance management.
PROFIL KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA MTs AL-HIKMAH BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Lisdiana Anita
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil keterampilan sosial siswa MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah siswa MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung dan Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan sosial siswa MTs Al-Hikmah Bandar Lampung tergolong kurang baik yaitu terlihat bahwa indikator-indikator dalam keterampilan sosial yaitu 0% - 40% yang menunjukkan kriteria kurang baik. Terbatasnya model yang digunakan di dalam kelas diduga merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya keterampilan sosial siswa karena pembelajaran bersifat monoton, siswa hanya mendengarakan dan mencatat apa yang dijelaskan oleh guru, dan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengkonstruksi dan mengembangkan pengetahuannya sendiri. Upaya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial dalam proses pembelajaran adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran. Keterampilan sosial dapat dicapai melalui proses pembelajaran. Dari hasil observasi di peroleh masukan perlunya sebuah model pembelajaran yang aktif, interaktif, dan menyenangkan serta dapat melatih siswa untuk berketerampilan.
PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ECOLITERACY PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Afifah Silvi Nur , Rofiah Lailatul
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber dan media pembelajaran IPS dengan menghasilkan sebuah modul dan implementasi proses pembelajaran yang  menjadi salah satu penggerak dalam meningkatkan ekoliterasi peserta didik dengan cara mendaur ulang kemasan produk konsumsi terutama dari kemasan botol plastik.  Metode penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan (Research and Development) Borg dan Gall dengan subjek penelitian Mts Al-Hidayah Wajak, yang menghasilkan sebuah produk kreasi daur ulang  dari sampah botol plastik yang mengadopsi dari materi Kewirausahaan. Modul didesain agar peserta didik bisa mempraktekkan daur ulang sampah yang kreatif dan inovatif , dampak sampah plastik yang tidak didaur ulang bagi masyarakat dan solusi untuk mengatasinya, yang kedua adalah macam-macam kreasi dan inovasi daur ulang sampah plastik yang terdiri dari dua puluh satu kreasi sampah botol plastik dan langkah-langkah dalam membuatnya, dan yang terahir adalah kisah-kisah inspiratif yang berasal dari pengusaha sampah plastik.  Sumber dan media pembelajaran IPS  yang berupa modul yang telah dikembangangkan telah di implementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran berjalan sangat menyenangkan hal tersebut terlihat dari antusias peserta dalam mengikuti pembelajaran karena peserta terlibat langsung dalam proses pemanfaatan/mendaur ulang sampah botol plastik.DEVELOPING OF SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING SOURCES AND MEDIA TO IMPROVE ECOLITERACY OF PUPILS The research aims to develop social studies learning resources and media by producing a module and implementing a learning process that becomes one of the driving forces in increasing the eco-literation of students by recycling consumer product packaging, especially from plastic bottle packaging. This research method uses the development model (Research and Development) of Borg and Gall with the research subject of Mts Al-Hidayah Wajak, which produces a recycled creative product from plastic bottle waste that adopts entrepreneurship materials. The module is designed so that students can practice creative and innovative waste recycling, the impact of plastic waste that is not recycled for society, and solutions to overcome it, the second is various kinds of plastic waste recycling creations and innovations consisting of twenty-one waste creations plastic bottles and the steps in making them, and finally, inspiring stories from plastic waste entrepreneurs. Social studies learning resources and media in the form of modules that have been developed have been implemented in the learning process, the learning process is very pleasant, this can be seen from the enthusiasm of the participants in participating in the lesson because participants are directly involved in the process of utilizing and recycling plastic bottle waste.
Membangun karakter mahasiswa Indonesia melalui pendidikan moral
Authors: Nurpratiwi Hany
Published: April 2021

Karakter dan moral mahasiswa perlu ditumbuhkan dengan maksimal, sehingga mahasiswa tidak hanya unggul dibidang akademik, tapi juga unggul dibidang non akademik untuk menunjang identitas diri ditengah globalisasi. Oleh karenanya bagaimana menumbuhkan karakter yang mulia bagi mahasiswa Indonesia merupakan hal terpenting yang harus segera dilakukan. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh gagasan atau strategi menumbuhkan karakter mulia di kalangan mahasiswa Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kajian pustaka yaitu mengumpulkan dan menganalisis sumber dan fakta dari literature seperti buku, jurnal, makalah dan tesis. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan Teknik membaca baik membaca semantic maupun simbolik. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pendidikan karakter di lingkungan pendidikan tinggi tetap harus dilaksanakan untuk memperkuat dan menyemaikan karakter mulia di kalangan mahasiswa. Dosen memiliki peran dalam pengembangan karakter dan moral mahasiswa. Melalui keteladanan yang diajarkan dosen di lingkungan akademik, mahasiswa akan melakukan proses imitasi dan cenderung menjadikan dosen sebagai role model dalam bertindak.Building the character of Indonesian students through moral educationThe character and morals of students need to be developed to the maximum so that students are not only superior in academics, but also in non-academic fields to support their identity in the midst of globalization. Therefore, how to cultivate noble character for Indonesian students is the most important thing that must be done immediately. Through this research, it is hoped that ideas or strategies will be obtained to foster noble character among Indonesian students. The research was conducted using a literature review, namely collecting and analyzing sources and facts from literature such as books, journals, papers, and theses. Data collection was carried out with reading techniques both semantic and symbolic reading. The results of the study found that character education in the higher education environment must still be carried out to strengthen and nurture noble character among students. Lecturers have a role in developing student character and morale. Through exemplary teachings by lecturers in an academic environment, students will carry out an imitation process and tend to make lecturers role models in acting.
Ibu Fatimah dalam Pergumulan Karakter Birokratis dan Profesional
Authors: Raisalah Syifa Masna
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perjuangan Ibu Fatimah dalam memerankan karakter profesional dan karakter birokratis secara efektif, di mana karakter birokratis yang kaku dipandang kontra produktif dengan karakter profesional yang dimiliki oleh guru sebagai tenaga pendidik di Sekolah Dasar Negeri AA 1 Malang, namun akhirnya dapat diselaraskan oleh Ibu Fatimah selaku agen perubahan. Data penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi dokumen serta dianalisis menggunakan model analisis kualitatif interaktif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ibu Fatimah dengan pengalaman dan karakter birokratis dan professional yang dimilikinya berhasil mengubah budaya dan kinerja guru yang rendah, tidak inovatif, tidak memiliki harapan yang tinggi terhadap keberhasilan peserta didik menjadi guru yang professional, inovatif dan memiliki harapan yang tinggi terhadap kesuksesan peserta didik dan juga mengubah paradigma guru yang menerima hak/gaji dengan menunaikan kewajiban seadanya. Untuk penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan agar peneliti berikutnya dapat menggunakan solusi yang lebih fleksibel dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang terkait dengan pengelolaan karakteristik organisasi birokrasi dan profesional di sekolah.Ibu Fatimah in the Struggle for Bureaucratic and Professional CharacterThis study aims at describing the struggle of Ibu Fatimah in playing the roles of both bureaucratic and professional characters effectively in which bureaucratic character is regarded as contra-productive with a professional character that owned by teachers as educators at Elementary School AA 1 Malang. However, all the obstacles could be handled by Ibu Fatimah as the agent of change. The qualitative data of this study collected through interviews and document analysis and analyzed using an interactive analysis model.  The findings indicate that Ibu Fatimah with her huge experience and having both bureaucratic and professional characters successfully changed the culture and performance of the teachers which were low performance, not innovative, and did not have high expectation on the success of their students, to be professional and innovative teachers as well as having high expectation on the success of their students. She also could change teachers’ paradigm that only demanded rights by doing mediocre obligations. For further research, it is recommended to use a more flexible solution to overcome issues regarding how to manage the characteristics of bureaucratic and professional organizations.
Измерение внутреннего квантового выхода излучения InGaN светодиода
Authors: Фролов И.В. , Сергеев В.А. , Радаев О.А.
Published: April 2021

A method for measuring of internal quantum efficiency of InGaN-based light-emitting diode is presented. The method consists in measuring the emission power and 3dB frequencies of the LED electroluminescence at two low currents corresponding to the range of growth of the quantum efficiency of the LED, and calculating the value of the internal quantum efficiency according to the corresponding functional dependence. To determine the internal quantum efficiency at other current values, the current dependence of the external quantum efficiency is measured and the coefficient of emission extraction from the structure is calculated from the results of measurements of the internal and external quantum efficiency at a low current. The reliability of the measurement method is confirmed by comparing the measurement results with the results obtained by a known measurement method. The relative difference in measurement results is within 3%.
Clinical Effectiveness of Different Technologies for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Loehnert Maxine , Stichling Stefanie
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy occurs worldwide and is closely associated with health issues in women and their offspring, such as pregnancy and birth complications, respectively, as well as comorbidities, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. To optimize the management of diabetic pregnancies, sustainable strategies are urgently needed. Investigation of constantly evolving technologies for diabetes that help to manage pregnancy and health is required.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of technologies for diabetes in pregnancy.

METHODS

Relevant databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in September 2020 for clinical studies (2008-2020). Findings were organized by type of diabetes, type of technology, and outcomes (glycemic control, pregnancy- and birth-related outcomes, and neonatal outcomes). Study quality was assessed using Effective Public Health Practice Project criteria.

RESULTS

We identified 15 randomized controlled trials, 3 randomized crossover trials, 2 cohort studies, and 2 controlled clinical trials. Overall, 9 studies focused on type 1 diabetes, 0 studies focused on gestational diabetes, and 3 studies focused on both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. We found that 9 studies were strong quality, 11 were moderate quality, and 2 were weak quality. Technologies for diabetes seemed to have particularly positive effects on glycemic control in all types of diabetes, shown by some strong and moderate quality studies. Positive trends in pregnancy-related, birth-related, and neonatal outcomes were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Technologies have the potential to effectively improve the management of diabetes during pregnancy. Further research on the clinical effectiveness of these technologies is needed, especially in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes.
Peer Review of “Use of Spinal Anesthesia in Pediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomies: Case Series” (Preprint)
Authors:   Anonymous
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

The is a peer review report.
Peer Review of “Use of Spinal Anesthesia in Pediatric Laparoscopic Appendectomies: Case Series” (Preprint)
Authors: Aslanidis Theodoros
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Accuracy and Diversity of Wearable Device–Based Gait Speed Measurement Among Older Men: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kang Min-gu , Kang Seong-Ji , Roh Hye-Kang , Jung Hwa-Young , Kim Sun‑wook , Choi Jung-Yeon , Kim Kwang-il
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Gait speed measurements are widely used in clinical practice, as slow gait is a major predictor of frailty and a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. With the development of wearable devices, it is possible to estimate the gait speed in daily life by simply wearing the device.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to accurately determine the characteristics of daily life gait speed and analyze their association with sarcopenia.

METHODS

We invited community-dwelling men aged >50 years who had visited the outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital to participate in the study. Daily life gait speed was assessed using a wearable smart belt (WELT) for a period of 4 weeks. Data from participants who wore the smart belt for at least 10 days during this period were included. After 4 weeks, data from a survey about medical and social history, usual gait speed measurements, handgrip strength measurements, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 217,578 daily life gait speed measurements from 106 participants (mean age 71.1, SD 7.6 years) were analyzed. The mean daily life gait speed was 1.23 (SD 0.26) m/s. The daily life gait speed of the participants varied according to the time of the day and day of the week. Daily life gait speed significantly slowed down with age (P<.001). Participants with sarcopenia had significantly lower mean daily life gait speed (mean 1.12, SD 0.11 m/s) than participants without sarcopenia (mean 1.23, SD 0.08 m/s; P<.001). Analysis of factors related to mean daily life gait speed showed that age and skeletal muscle mass of the lower limbs were significantly associated characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

More diverse and accurate information about gait speed can be obtained by measuring daily life gait speed using a wearable device over an appropriate period, compared with one-time measurements performed in a laboratory setting. Importantly, in addition to age, daily life gait speed is significantly associated with skeletal muscle mass of the lower limbs.

CLINICALTRIAL
Nonfungible Tokens as a Blockchain Solution to Ethical Challenges for the Secondary Use of Biospecimens: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Gross Marielle S , Hood Amelia J , Miller Jr Robert C
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Henrietta Lacks’ deidentified tissue became HeLa cells (the paradigmatic learning health platform). In this article, we discuss separating research on Ms Lacks’ tissue from obligations to promote respect, beneficence, and justice for her as a patient. This case illuminates ethical challenges for the secondary use of biospecimens, which persist in contemporary learning health systems. Deidentification and broad consent seek to maximize the benefits of learning from care by minimizing burdens on patients, but these strategies are insufficient for privacy, transparency, and engagement. The resulting supply chain for human cellular and tissue–based products may therefore recapitulate the harms experienced by the Lacks family. We introduce the potential for blockchain technology to build unprecedented transparency, engagement, and accountability into learning health system architecture without requiring deidentification. The ability of nonfungible tokens to maintain the provenance of inherently unique digital assets may optimize utility, value, and respect for patients who contribute tissue and other clinical data for research. We consider the potential benefits and survey major technical, ethical, socioeconomic, and legal challenges for the successful implementation of the proposed solutions. The potential for nonfungible tokens to promote efficiency, effectiveness, and justice in learning health systems demands further exploration.
Correction: Predicting Age Groups of Reddit Users Based on Posting Behavior and Metadata: Classification Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Chew Robert , Kery Caroline , Baum Laura , Bukowski Thomas , Kim Annice , Navarro Mario
Published: April 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Comparative Risks of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on CKD
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chan Linda , Mok Anna Hoi Ying , Wang Yuan , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives

There have been doubts about the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and worsening kidney function, and whether there is a difference between risks of individual nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is presently unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure and the risk of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and compare the risks between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug subtypes in the Chinese population.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

From 2008 to 2017, a total of 1,982,488 subjects aged 18 years or older with baseline eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for each patient’s baseline characteristics was adopted to examine the association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or eGFR decline ≥30% with reference to baseline.

Results

After a median follow-up duration of 6.3 (interquartile range, 3.3–9.4) years, 271,848 cases (14%) of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and 388,386 (21%) events of eGFR decline ≥30% were recorded. After adjusting for each patient’s baseline characteristics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment was shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.67 to 1.75) and eGFR decline ≥30% (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.89 to 1.96) when compared with no nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with etoricoxib exhibiting the highest risk of eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 2.69 to 3.62) and eGFR decline ≥30% (hazard ratio, 3.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.78 to 3.48) and ibuprofen displaying the lowest risk of eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.23) and eGFR decline ≥30% (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.41).

Conclusions

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure was associated with higher risks of incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and eGFR decline ≥30%. Highest risk was observed in etoricoxib users, and lowest risk was with ibuprofen.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2021_04_28_CJN18501120.mp3
Robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective matched-control analysis for clinical and quality-of-life outcomes
Authors: Chen Xiuyuan , Song Qingxin , Wang Kun , Chen Zhi , Han Yingchao , Shen Hongxing , Li Quan
Published: April 2021

Aim:
To compare the screw accuracy and clinical outcomes between robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (RA MIS-TLIF) and open TLIF in the treatment of one-level lumbar degenerative disease.
Materials & methods:
From May 2018 to December 2019, a consecutive series of patients undergoing robot-assisted minimally invasive one-level lumbar fusion procedures were retrospectively compared with matched controls who underwent one-level open TLIF procedures for clinical and quality-of-life outcomes.
Results:
A total of 52 patients underwent RA MIS-TLIF procedures (robot-assisted [RA] group) and 52 matched controls received freehand open TLIF procedures (open [OP] group). The RA group had more grade A screws with 96.2% one-time success rate of screw placement (p < 0.05). Besides, the RA group experienced less intraoperative blood loss and shorter length of hospital stay, while the OP group had shorter operative duration and cumulative radiation time (p < 0.001). What is more, the average VAS score for low back pain and ODI score in the RA group were lower than that in the OP group 1 month after operation (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The use of real-time, image-guided robot system may further expand the advantages of MIS-TLIF technique in terms of accuracy and safety.