bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quality of professional education in the context of today's challenges (the example of future railway transport specialists education)
Authors: Malanyuk Nataliia
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the essence of the definition of "quality of education". The essence of notion is analyzed, based on the conceptual foundations of professional education reform. The components of modern professional education are decentralization of management and funding; social partnership in the field of professional education and training and the labor market; quality of professional education. The system model of railway transport specialists education is built and substantiated.

The problem of education quality in global European dimension is analyzed. The quality of education today is seen as a process and as a result. On the one hand, the "quality of education" is a process that meets human needs for knowledge and demands of society. On the other hand, "quality of education" is the result of educational institutions activities which allows to assess the level of pupils, students (future specialists) education in accordance with the requirements of educational standards, curricula, etc.

The necessary steps to be taken to ensure the quality of higher (professional higher) education are considered and analyzed. The main components of the quality of education are considered and studied. The structure of the definition of "quality of education" is built and substantiated from the standpoint of a systematic approach. The role of monitoring the quality of education is revealed and their functions in professional training and in the educational process are singled out: ascertaining, controlling, strategic.

The essence of qualimetry as a science is revealed, which allows to quantify the quality of objects, things, processes, phenomena. The principles of qualimetric science (quality as a synthesis of properties of the studied object or phenomenon; satisfaction of specific needs of an individual or society; degree of satisfaction of needs; specific units of measurement; absolute indicators from experimental results; calculation of relative indicators; weighting factor of each property of the studied object or process, comprehensive quantitative quality assessment).

Analysis of the qualimetric model for assessing the quality of education in college was built and carried out (on the example of the Kyiv College of Transport Infrastructure).
Computer usage proficiency towards pedagogical knowledge and learning improvement
Authors: Elugbadebo Oladapo , Johnson Femi
Published: December 2020

The introduction of computers and ICT related gadgets in education is presently yielding noticeable impacts and it’s been widely accepted to aid learning. Thus, creating an ever increasing desire and urge in school owners, teachers, parents and students to acquire them for learning. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of computer usage proficiency on both teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and students’ academic performance. A total of two hundred (200) respondents selected through a stratified random sampling technique comprising of forty (40) respondents (twenty-five (25) teachers and (15) students) each from five selected Junior Secondary Schools in Ogun state, Nigeria served as the research  population. Collated data were analyzed using frequency counts and Chi-Square at 0.05 alpha level of significance. Also, three null hypotheses were formulated to determine the significant relationship among computer usage proficiency, teachers’ pedagogical competence and students’ academic performance. Research findings revealed that computer assisted approach is the most preferred teacher’s pedagogical approach indicating that old and long-service teachers show poor approach towards employing computers and ICT gadgets to aid teaching and learning. The study further established that teachers’ pedagogical competence is not independent of computer knowledge which will resultantly influence students’ academic performance positively.
ANALISIS YURIDIS INSTRUMEN DAN MEKANISME TRANSAKSI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tauratiya Tauratiya
Published: December 2020

Pasar modal secara nyata telah menjadi penggerak finansial suatu Negara atau dunia. Pasar modal dijadikan sebagai suatu pilihan pengganti sumber pendanaan untuk suatu perusahaan, serta sarana berinvestasi bagi investor. Instrumen yang diperjual-belikan di pasar modal berupa efek yang dapat diperdagangkan kembali oleh pemiliknya dalam bentuk saham atau diwujudkan dalam bentuk obligasi. Pada prinsipnya, instrumen yang terdapat di pasar modal bentuknya beraneka ragam, karena semua efek atau surat berharga dapat diperjual-belikan. Untuk instrument di pasar modal syariah yang boleh diperjual-belikan hanya apabila memenuhi prinsip syariah. Instrumen dalam pasar modal syariah dapat berbentuk saham syariah, obligasi syariah, reksadana syariah dan efek beragun aset (EBA) syariah.

Mekanisme transaksi penjualan dan pembelian saham yang dilakukan pada pasar modal syariah tidak boleh dilakukan secara langsung, hal ini untuk menghindari para spekulan untuk mempermainkan harga. Dalam proses perdagangan saham, aktivitas jual-beli tidak dilakukan secara langsung, melainkan pihak yang melakukan penawaran umum memberikan kekuasaan dan keleluasaan kepada agen di lantai bursa yang bertugas untuk mempertemukan perusahaan dengan calon investor. Saham tersebut kemudian diperjual-belikan karena tersedia dan berdasarkan pada prinsip first come-first served.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN AS GUARDIANS OF MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Islamy Athoillah
Published: December 2020

Whether we realize it or not, gender inequality is one of the social problems that we can easily find in people's lives. The problem of gender bias can occur in various aspects of life, including the aspect of legal rights, such as the right as guardian of marriage in Indonesia. This study aims to find a discourse analysis of the opportunities for women as marriage guardians in Indonesia. This study employs empirical normative legal method. The primary data sources are the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and social observation. The secondary data sources used were various other relevant studies. Meanwhile, the theory used as a tool of analysis is the sociological theory of Islamic law from Ibn Qayyim al-Jauzi regarding changes in Islamic law. This study concludes that based on the pattern of equality of gender relations in Indonesian society, granting the right of authority as guardian of marriage to female relatives is a form of istihsan bi al-'urf, the change of law from general law (kulii) to special or casuistic law (juz'i) based on existing culture or custom. This is parallel with Ibn Qayyim's theory of change in Islamic law which makes conditions (ahwal) and culture ('adat) part of the factors of changing Islamic law.
The Use of Contracted Forms of Albanian Language in Electronic Media Texts
Authors: SHALA Flamur , BEQIRAJ Xhafer
Published: December 2020

The contracted forms of literary Albanian are of dative case of all persons singular and plural and of the accusative case in the third person singular and plural. In certain syntactic constructions they merge and thus form connected contracted forms. When used near each other, the first is dative, while the second is accusative. Their use according to the norm are correct. Their topic in the sentence is arranged and a linguist or a lecturer should not miss the omissions in texts with short, separate, or connected forms. On the contrary, we encounter misuses of short forms of Albanian in texts of published and electronic media. They are incorrectly used in some syntactic constructions, marked by case in case, one by one. Contracted form locations and their referral to a different pronoun or name as a repetition of an object appear to be harmonized with the respective forms as an object or its repetition. They are placed in front of the verb forms of each tense. Except in imperative they have a double topic. The contracted forms during usage in the dative and accusative cases directly mark direct or indirect object. The contracted forms of the first and second person singular and plural, in the dative case, are often used to mark directly the indirect object. (p. 226) The misuse of the contracted forms is more common in the third person of the dative case when i.e. singular (i) is used instead of plural (u). We also encounter the incorrect use of the contracted forms of the second person plural of the dative case (juve) you instead of (atyre u). This research reveals the wrong use of contracted forms in the texts of some electronic media (portals) in Pristina and Tirana.
INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ANALYSIS ON ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE IN SP CORPORATION
Authors: Renaldo Nicholas , Sudarno Sudarno , Hutahuruk Marice Br.
Published: December 2020

This study aims to identify and determine the effectiveness of the internal control of accounts receivable at SP Corporation. The problems are there are outstanding accounts receivable and at the end of 2013-2019, that accounts receivable will be written off. The main model theory used in this research is COSO to detect internal control effectiveness. This research used descriptive analysis and sign test. The conclusion based on the results of the sign test calculation showed that internal control of accounts receivable in SP Corporation is not working effectively. SP Corporation has not implemented the control environment, risk assessment, control activity, and supervision and monitoring effectively.
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND TAX AVOIDANCE TO COST OF DEBT WITH GROWTH OPPORTUNITYAS MODERATING (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Company and Finance Service Listed in IDX 2015-2019)
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Febrianti Fitri Dwi , Suripto Suripto
Published: December 2020

Principles of good corporate governance can strengthen the relationship between the effect of Tax Avoidance, the Board of Commissioners and Managerial Ownership of the Cost of Debt on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The hypothesis in the study uses the Eviews tool, tested 3 models 1) approach before using partial moderating (2) approach before using simultaneous moderating (3) The moderating growth opportunity.Samples consist of purposive sampling model with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The data used is the company's financial statements for 2015-2019. Research was taken from 28 selected manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and found samples 140 financialstatements.The results of observation were obtained partially by Tax Avoidance has a significant effect on the Cost of Debt, the Board of Commissioners has not a significant effect on the Cost of Debt, and Managerial Ownership has a significant effect on Cost of Debt. While simultaneously Tax Avoidance, Board of Commissioners, and Managerial Ownership influence the Cost of Debt. The moderating of growth opportunity strengthens the relationship between Good Corporate Governance and positive coefficient on the cost of debt, strengthened by the Leverage and Size control variables
PECULIARITIES OF ABSORPTION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE IN SUSPENSIONS AND SOLUTIONS OF MANGANESE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Volchyn I.A. , Mezin S.V. , Yasinetsky A.O.
Published: December 2020

It is proposed to use manganese compounds to reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, large deposits of which are in Ukraine. The results of experimental studies of the binding of sulfur dioxide and potassium permanganate of nitric oxide in water by manganese oxide are presented. In the experiments, the model gas in the form of small bubbles was passed through the reactor with liquid. Heat and mass transfer processes between the gas and liquid phases occurred on the bubble surface. The gas-liquid contact time is the bubble rise time. The absorption reactions take place in the liquid phase. Complete absorption of sulfur dioxide takes place in an acidic environment, provided that the molar ratio MnO2 / SO2 is not less than 2. The reaction product is manganese sulfate, which is a useful product. The maximum absorption of nitrogen oxide is achieved at a molar ratio of KMnO4 / NO not less than 5. The reaction forms a precipitate of manganese oxide, which can later be used in the desulfurization process. Bibl. 12, fig. 6, tab. 3.
Jati Diri Kanak-Kanak Melayu-Islam Menerusi Pendidikan Awal
Authors: Sulaiman @ Mohamad Adibah , Che Noh Norsafuan , Jamsari Ezad Azraai
Published: December 2020

Jati diri atau self-identity memiliki sifat dan ciri tersendiri yang mendasari dan membentuk identiti sesebuah bangsa dari aspek adat, tradisi, bahasa, budaya dan agama. Ia menjadi teras dan lambang keperibadian seseorang individu dalam sesebuah bangsa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan peranan pendidikan awal bagi kanak-kanak Melayu-Islam dalam membentuk jati dirinya. Selain itu, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan maksud pemerkasaan jati diri dan pendidikan awal kanak-kanak Melayu Islam daripada beberapa pandangan sarjana bagi mendapatkan gambaran menyeluruh tentang konsep ini. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu pendekatan analisis teks bagi mencerakinkan maklumat daripada sumber yang berautoriti bagi memastikan kesahihan maklumat yang diperoleh. Kajian ini mendapati terdapat beberapa cabaran yang perlu diatasi dalam usaha menyemai dan memupuk jati diri Melayu melalui pendidikan awal. Kajian ini disifatkan penting kerana ia menjelaskan peranan pendidikan awal dalam memberi kefahaman, membudayakan penghayatan dan memperkasakan jati diri generasi Melayu masa kini.
CONTRATO DE CONCESSÃO DE DIREITO REAL DE USO (CCDRU) COMO CONCILIAÇÃO DE INTERESSE DE TERRAS QUILOMBOLAS E UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: De Souza Marcelino Conti , Madeira Filho Wilson , Braga Lilian Regina Furtado
Published: December 2020

A titulação de quilombos tem se tornado tema polemico e, em especial, aqueles situados na Amazônia e no entorno ou no interior de unidades de conservação. O presente texto relata, em específico, aspectos procedimentais na luta pela titulação dos quilombos Alto Trombetas 1 e Alto Trombetas 2, territórios quilombolas sobrepostos por duas unidades de conservação, a Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas (1979) e a Floresta Nacional Saracá-Taquera (1989). Deste modo, trataremos a questão da sobreposição das unidades de conservação sobre os respectivos territórios quilombolas face ainda ao assédio da Mineradora Rio Norte, discutiremos o direito de propriedade à terra e a luta pela titulação comunitária e a abrangência do Contrato de Concessão de Direito Real de Uso (CCDRU) e a eventual paralogia com a tese da dupla afetação
THE ENERGY PROVISION DILEMMA OF COAL VERSUS WIND FROM THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE WITHIN THE ENERGY SECURITY FRAMEWORK
Authors: Asri Novena Damar , Yusgiantoro Purnomo
Published: December 2020

The energy security principle demands the fulfillment of availability, acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and sustainability. Under the financial constraints, it is very challenging to achieve. As a result, immediate decisions, often only based on the lowest cost neglecting the overall impacts, are taken. This study aims to reveal the energy provision dilemma through a literature review method and simple calculation analysis. This study intends to exemplify how to conduct an equitable analysis by comparing wind and coal power plants’ impacts from the economic, environmental, and social perspectives. This study finds that the mutually complement characteristics of NRE (New and Renewable Energy) and non-NRE (fossil energy sources) raise a dilemma in selecting the energy source, where the financial constraints exaggerate the dilemma. The study also finds that the electricity generating cost of coal is cheaper than wind, but the external costs turn over the result. Coal damages the environment more than wind, but the impacts are often neglected, and society bears the cost. A simple adsorption method could minimize the impacts, but it depends on the producers’ willingness to conduct, which eventually by the consumers’ willingness to pay the higher price. In the social aspect, both power plants have relatively more equal indirect impacts, but coal’s direct impacts are more detrimental than wind. While an energy source may excel the other, considering the specific circumstances is a must. Financial constraints aggravate the developing countries’ dilemma between achieving energy security or fulfilling the basic needs and pursuing economic growth
DRUG CRIME AS A THREAT TO INDONESIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad , Bangun Ernalem
Published: December 2020

Drug crime—i.e. narcotic drug abuse, smuggling, and trafficking—is still a serious problem for many countries. In Indonesia, it is perceived as a threat to national security and Indonesians' well-being. It is not surprising, then, if the government of Indonesia declared war on drugs to preserve Indonesia's national security. The systemic measures to address the drugs problem formulated as an integrated program consists of eradication and prevention of drug smuggling and trafficking, and rehabilitation for the victims of drug abuse. This study discusses the implementation of the program as a part of maintaining national security, as well as its constraints and obstacles. Riau Islands Province was chosen as a case study. The data collection was conducted by in-depth interviews, focused group discussion, and literature studies. In analyzing the data, it uses the theory of drug abuse prevention to organize and to interpret the findings. The result of the analysis shows that several obstacles still hinder the effectiveness of the government's efforts in combating drug crime. In the eradication of narcotic drug smuggling and illicit trafficking, the main obstacles manifest in geographical challenges, regulatory constraints, and technological shortcomings. In the prevention of drug crime, the real effectiveness of socialization as the main tool of prevention is hard to be measured and evaluated. In the rehabilitation of drug abuse victims, the main obstacles are the low awareness of the community, the limited availability of counselors and other infrastructures, and the unsupportive legal system.
A REVIEW OF PENETRATION TUNGSTEN BASED PROJECTILE ON DEPTH OF PENETRATION AT ARMOR OF CERAMIC BASED
Authors: Basyir Abdul , Agustian Erna Shevilia , Amelia Adhistia
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, tungsten-based material is used for the core of projectile, while ceramic-based is used for the main material of armor. Tungsten-based material is chosen because it has density and hardness superior to steel based-material. Meanwhile, the ceramic-based can enhance mobility and resistance penetration of armor.  Penetration of projectile on target generates an impact velocity parameter. This velocity has resulted when the projectile hits the target. Therefore, the value of impact velocity affects the quantity of depth of penetration (DoP) result. This paper reviews some papers regarding the penetration of tungsten-based projectile on ceramic-based armor. Furthermore, the content of these papers is reviewed by the narrative review method, and the impact velocity and DoP are the main data to analyze. Through this paper, impact velocity has a linear correlation with the DoP, the big of impact velocity produced bigger of DoP, and vice versa. Based on the data in this review, for the same impact velocity, material, and (almost) dimension of a projectile, SiC has better penetration resistance than B4C, TiB2, and Al2O3. Furthermore, the parameter of projectile dimension, projectile material type, target design, and material composition of the target also affects the DoP result.
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: Isnaini Firda Nur , Pratama Zhuda Indra
Published: December 2020

Psychology is a science that continues to evolve, as well as national defense. Both of these are multidimensional sciences, so there needs to be a discussion about the relationship between roles in academia. This study contains a study of psychological science intervention in national defense and discusses psychology in general in the defense aspect. In the national defense system, psychology plays a strong role. Especially, current threats are not only coming from the military aspect but also the non-military aspect. Psychological intervention is needed in order to strengthen the defense system of Indonesia in facing those threats. Psychological interventions can be used in various aspects of defense. This study is written to see the importance of psychological intervention in national defense, as well as discussing psychology in general in the aspect of defense by using literature studies as a research method. The results of this paper suggest the importance of psychology in national defense, so it is necessary to further study this matter in the development of national defense both in terms of its application and science.
THE IMPACT OF THE MILITARY EXPENDITURE AND SECURITY EXPENDITURE STRUCTURE ON THE SECURITY STABILITY
Authors: Saputro Guntur Eko , Mahroza Jonni , Tarigan Herlina
Published: December 2020

The structure of defense spending in Indonesia State Budget consists of three types of spending, which are routine expenditure, goods expenditure, and capital expenditure. It shows the changes in consumption expenditure contribution, direct investment expenditure, and indirect investment from the government. According to The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Indonesia presents a low level of security stability among 138 countries. Due to the terrorism threat, Indonesia is ranked 115 (Global Competitive Index or GCI=4,2) for business cost, at the 102nd ranking (GCI=3,9) for the business cost caused by crime and violence, and 108th ranking (GCI=4,1) for organized crime. This study aims to examine the impact of military expenditure on security stability in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is explanatory, it aims to explain the causal relationship between variables and hypothesis testing. This study employs the time series data with per semester data series through 2000-2018. The research model is formulated as a recursive linear model in the form of a Cobb-Douglas production function and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Square method. The result reveals that both military expenditure and security expenditure have impacted simultaneously on security stability. The integration of all components of military expenditure synergistically can increase Security Stability. The components of spending that have a partially significant positive effect on Security Stability are expenditures on goods and capital expenditures.
PEMBANGUNAN LUMBUNG PANGAN NASIONAL: STRATEGI ANTISIPASI KRISIS PANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Lasminingrat Lula , Efriza Efriza
Published: December 2020

Indonesia merespons urgensi ancaman krisis pangan yang melanda dengan strategi pembangunan lumbung pangan nasional. Menurut laporan yang dirilis oleh FAO dan PBB, wabah pandemi Covid-19 berpotensi mengancam 50 juta orang lebih menuju kemiskinan ekstrim. Hal ini berdampak pada krisis pangan global yang mengancam negara-negara di dunia jika tidak segera mengambil langkah tepat. Krisis pangan merupakan salah satu ancaman non-tradisional karena berdampak signifikan terhadap hajat hidup banyak orang dalam suatu negara. Ancaman non-tradisional diartikan sebagai ancaman keamanan yang melanda suatu negara secara non-militer, hal itu dapat berupa isu perubahan iklim, ekonomi, keterbatasan sumber daya, wabah penyakit, atau keamanan pangan. Keamanan pangan dapat dicapai ketika akses pangan dapat dijangkau dengan mudah oleh segala elemen masyarakat dan memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri. Kendati demikian, ketika akses pangan tidak dapat di akses masyarakat hal ini menimbulkan potensi krisis pangan. Sebab, pangan merupakan kebutuhan primer setiap individu yang harus dipenuhi setiap saat sehingga merupakan isu keamanan nasional. Melalui permasalahan tersebut, keamanan pangan nasional harus dijamin ketersediaannya oleh pemerintah. Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang tinggi dan wabah pandemi, keamanan dan stabilitas pangan nasional berada diambang keterbatasan. Dalam hal ini, ancaman krisis pangan direspons oleh Jokowi dengan pembangunan lumbung pangan nasional di Kalimantan Tengah. Pembangunan lumbung pangan nasional dinilai dapat memenuhi cadangan pangan Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, terutama setelah masa pandemi. Hasil penelitian dalam artikel ini menunjukan bahwa pemerintah melihat potensi krisis pangan sebagai ancaman nasional sehingga diperlukannya langkah-langkah terukur yang mampu mengatasi permasalahan tersebut serta memerhatikan adanya aspek keberlanjutan dalam pelaksanaannya.

Kata Kunci: Ancaman Non-Tradisional, Krisis Pangan, Keamanan Pangan, Food Estate, Keamanan Nasional
GEOSTRATEGI KAWASAN PELABUHAN BITUNG DALAM SUDUT PANDANG KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA (STUDI PADA KAWASAN INDO – PASIFIK PERIODE TAHUN 2018 – 2019)
Authors: Supartono Supartono , Purwanto Purwanto , Nugraha M. Harry Riana
Published: December 2020

Kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung memiliki sejumlah potensi yang dapat berdampak pada struktur keamanan nasional dan pertahanan negara, dikarenakan memiliki konsep gesotrategi bagi Kawasan Indo – Pasifik. Kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung sebagai international hub port, hal ini tertuang pada Kepmenhub Nomor 54 Tahun 2002 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pelabuhan Laut. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik analisis data menggunakan interctive of model analysis. Penelitian ini menganalisis konsep Geostrategi Kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung sebagai bagian dari strategi keamanan nasional guna penguatan pertahanan negara berdasarkan sisi keamanan maritim Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum analisis Gesotrategi kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung dalam kajian keamanan maritim untuk keamanan nasional nasional dan pertahanan negara, menunjukan beberapa hal: 1) kondisi strategis kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung perlu didukung dengan kebijakan strategis dan terintegrasi antara pemerintah Pusat dengan Provinsi Sulawesi Uatara dan pemerintah Kota Bitung; 2) pembangunan kawasan ekonomi khusus (KEK) memerlukan akselerasi pelaksanaan kebijakan secara berkelanjutan dukungan penuh dari sisi anggaran, hal ini untuk memperkuat basis kewilayahan dalam konsep geostrategi; dan 3) perlu ada upaya pendekatan terhadap masyarakat dalam mendukung terwujudnya wilayah strategis Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Terpenuhinya persyaratan tersebut, menjadikan kawasan Pelabuhan Bitung mampu mendukung geostrategi melalui kajian keamanan maritim yang strategis dan implikasi ekonomi, karena berada di Kawasan Indo – Pasifik sebagai pusat pertahanan politik dan ekonomi sehingga mampu memperkuat keamanan nasional dan Pertahanan negara.

 

Kata Kunci: geostrategi, kawasan pelabuhan, Pelabuhan Bitung, kawasan Indo – Pasifik
SECURITY AND DEFENSE IN NATIONAL RESILIENCE STUDIES TO REALIZE A NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors: Mardhani Dewie , Runturambi Arthur Josias Simon , Hanita Margaretha
Published: December 2020

Security comes from Latin, secures which means free from danger, fear, and threats which consist of traditional and non-traditional security approaches. Defense is defined as the main instrument of a country to create national security. National defense is defined as a dynamic condition of a country that covers all aspects of national life to deal with threats. National security encompasses the security of the state, society and individuals. There are still several definitions from several experts regarding the concepts of security and defense to date. This article analyses the forms of contemporary threats related to security and defense and explains their similarities and differences in the study of national resilience aimed at realizing a national security system and development of the national security system in other countries. This article uses a descriptive qualitative research design through literature study and interviews. This article explains that the forms of threats that occur in Indonesia include problems at the border area, SARA intolerance, inequality in bureaucratic reform, not optimal law enforcement, and transnational crime. Similarities and differences in the concepts of security and defense can be seen from the regulations, the concepts used, the institutions and the constitution. This article shows that national resilience is influenced by national defense and security. The safe condition of a country is inseparable from the security and defense factors alone but is synergized with each other factors such as economic, political, legal, social, cultural, ideological, geographic, demographic and natural resources.

Keywords: defense, national security, national resilience, security
THE INTELLIGENCE CONDITIONING FOR EX-TERRORISM CONVICTS TO PREVENT RADICALISM AND TERRORISM IN NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Pardede Satya Dharma
Published: December 2020

The Agency of National Counterterrorism (BNPT) is an institution that is concerned about terrorism as a result of radicalism. Based on information from the BNPT, of the approximately 600 ex-convict terrorist who have been released, some of them have returned to committing acts of terrorism. This is of particular concern to the security apparatus, particularly the National Intelligence Agency (BIN), the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri), in preventing acts of terrorism. In addition, several areas have become locations for the realization of acts of terrorism, one of them is in the province of North Sumatera. This research aims to analyze and describe the intelligence conditioning activities for ex-terrorism convicts (Napiter) by related parties in preventing the spread of radicalism that leads to acts of terrorism in North Sumatera. The method used in this research is the theory of intelligence conditioning approaches, deradicalization theory, and synergies theory. Data was collected through interviews and observations, then was analyzed using NVIVO as a tool to categorize and make it easier to describe problems and draw conclusions. The results showed that intelligence conditioning for ex-convict terrorists have collaborated with several parties in the implementation of State Intelligence in the regions, including the BIN, TNI, Polri, and the regional government. In its implementation, terror convicts are given counseling and socialization related to nationalism, national insight, religion, and entrepreneurship. These activities are carried out while in the Correctional Institution (LP) by the LP and the police as well as after leaving the prison with monitoring from BIN, TNI, Polri, and regional governments. Besides, the process of intelligence conditioning when ex-convict terrorists are free will still have special attention through hospitality to terror convictions with persuasive communication by local officials. Furthermore, they are also given entrepreneurship assistance and independent business by local governments, as well as socialization related to the dangers of hoaxes in the digital world either from gadgets or other media. BNPT has fundamentally implemented deradicalization by synergizing all parties from other institutions. Based on the activities that have been carried out, it becomes a consideration and a concrete example that intelligence conditioning can prevent the spread of radicalism and acts of terrorism in society.

Keywords: Ex-Terrorism Convicts, Intelligence Conditioning, Radicalism, Terrorism
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kader Tanggap Bencana Terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Bencana
Authors: Solikhah Maula Mar’atus , Krisdianto M. Agung , Kusumawardani Lita Heni
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan: Sampai saat ini Indonesia rentan secara geologis terjadi bencana. Semua orang mempunyai risiko terhadap potensi bencana, sehingga penanganan bencana merupakan urusan semua pihak. Akan tetapi selama ini penanganan bencana di masyarakat hanya melibatkan instansi terkait saja belum melibatkan peran aktif masyarakat dalam tanggap darurat bencana.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kader tanggap bencana terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana di RW 36 Kelurahan Mojosongo Kecamatan Jebres Kota Surakarta
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pre and posttest without control group. Sejumlah 30 kader diberikan pelatihan kader tanggap bencana dan diukur kesiapsiagaan bencana sebelum dan setelah diberikan pelatihan. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner kesiapsiagaan bencana dan modul tanggap bencana banjir. Analisa data menggunakan uji nonparametrik yaitu uji wilcoxon.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh pelatihan tanggap bencana terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test menghasilkan nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 (p < 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi inovasi program bagi kader tanggap bencana untuk meningkatkan kesipasiagaan bencana
Efek Penyimpanan Epididimis Sapi Bali Pada Suhu 5? terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa
Authors: Rosadi Bayu , Sinurat Liber Hasudungan , Erina Silvia
Published: December 2020

Spermatozoa dari epididimis hewan yang sudah mati merupakan pilihan menarik untuk preservasi gamet jantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penyimpanan epididimis pada suhu 5 0C terhadap kualitas spermatozoa sapi Bali. Sebanyak 20 buah epididimis sapi Bali disimpan dalam refrigerator dengan suhu 5 oC, dialokasikan pada 4 lama penyimpanan yang berbeda yaitu kontrol, 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam. Peubah yang diamati meliputi motilitas, persentase hidup dan abnormalitas. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa lama penyimpanan pada suhu 5 oC berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap motilitas namun tidak mempengaruhi (P>0,05) persentase hidup dan abnormalitas. Motilitas turun pada 48 jam (62,23%) dan 72 jam (59,46%) dibandingkan kontrol (70,36%), sedangkan 24 jam (67,74%) tidak berbeda dengan kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyimpanan epididimis pada suhu 5 oC selama 72 jam mampu mempertahankan kualitas spermatozoa sapi Bali yang layak untuk inseminasi.
The ability to rational relaxation of the muscles in children who are engaged in football taking into account their nervous system
Authors: GG Polevoy
Published: December 2020

Introduction: If the football lessons with children take into account their strength of thenervous system in the process of excitation, the effectiveness of such activities will be higher.

Objective: Study of the effect of the nervous system of players on the ability to rationally relax their muscles.

Method: 44 athlete’s aged 13-14 years took part in the pedagogical experiment.22 young footballers were engaged in the experimental methodic, which is based on the useof different components of the load, for players with a strong nervous system (11 people) theload was intense, and for players with a weak nervous system (11 people) - volume. Other 22athletes were in the control group.

Results: After 7 months of research, we saw a significantimprovement in the ability to relax the muscles in children aged 13-14 years, who trainedaccording to our methodic. Children who have a strong nervous system, improved performancein the test “juggling the ball” from 4.1±0.8 times to 6.5±1.1 times (P<0.05), and players with aweak nervous system – from 3.8±1.3 times to 5.4±1.4 times (P<0.05). In the control group, thechanges were positive but unreliable (P> 0.05).

Conclusion: If the lessons with children use adifferentiated method, which is based on the typology of the nervous system, the performanceof children will improve significantly. The use of this method will improve the technicalperformance of athletes and improve the quality of the training process.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.58-61
Analysis of Employed and Unemployed Mother’s Perspectives towards Story Narration in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Anil Malavika Anakkthil , Bindu S , Bhat Jayashree S
Published: December 2020

Introduction:Early shared reading experiences positively predict outcomes in language andliteracy development of children who experience rich communicative and affective interactionsby parents during story narration. However, research is yet to be systematically exploremother’s practices and perceptions towards story narration and how employment of mothermay influence their perspectives and practices

Aim:Toanalyse the perspectives of employedand unemployed mothers of typically developing children between 2 to 5 years towards story narration.

Materials and Methods: The study followed a cross sectional design. A total of 60participants were selected in three age groups (Group I, II & III) of employed and unemployedmothers. A questionnaire was developed to analyse perceptions and practices of mother oftypically developing children between 2 to 5 years towards story narration. The responses werescored and analysed using SPSS Software, where a Chi-Square Test was performed to checkthe association.

Results:Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association of employmentin maternal perceptions towards story narration activities.

Conclusion:The study revealed thatemployment does not influence maternal perceptions towards story narration. The increase inmean score with age indicated a positive change in mother’s perception. This finding is animportant contributing factor to understand the role of mothers in children’s developing languageand early literacy skills. The study emphasises and highlights the lacuna in early interaction ofmothers in pre-literacy based activities, which can contribute to better academic performancein later stages.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.86-94
Tualang Honey prevents neuronal damage in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through enhancement of cholinergic system in male rats following exposure to normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Qaid Entesar Yaseen Abdo , Zakaria Rahimah , Yusof Nurul Aiman Mohd , Sulaiman Shaida Fariza , Shafin Nazlahshaniza , Ahmad Asma Hayati , Othman Zahiruddin , Rahbi Badryia Al , Muthuraju Sangu
Published: December 2020

Background: Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered to be involved in human cognition to mPFCin terms of learning and memory. Hypoxia is one of the crucial factors causing secondary damage incerebral hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms and possibletherapeutic approach to prevent neuronal damage has not been attempted yet. Therefore, the present studyaimed to investigate the role of Tualang honey on medial prefrontal cortical neuronal morphology andcholinergic markers such as acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) following exposure to normobaric hypoxia in rats.

Material and methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dividedinto four groups: (i) sucrose treated non-hypoxia, (ii) sucrose treated hypoxia, (iii) Tualang honeytreated non-hypoxia and (iv)Tualang honey treated hypoxia. Rats received sucrose (1 mL of 7.9%) andTualang honey (0.2 g/kg), respectively, for 2 weeks prior to hypoxia exposure. Morphological study wasperformed by using Nissl staining and cholinergic markers were estimated by ELISA technique.

Resultsand discussion: Sucrose treated hypoxia group showed significantly lower mean ACh and higher meanAChE concentrations (P<0.05) compared to sucrose and honey treated non-hypoxia groups. Interestingly,mean ACh concentration was significantly increased and mean AChE concentration was significantlydecreased in Tualang honey treated hypoxic rats compared to sucrose treated hypoxic rats. Morphologicaldata showed that hypoxia caused neuronal damage in mPFC in sucrose treated hypoxia group whereasTualang honey treated hypoxia group significantly prevent neuronal damage.

Conclusion: Tualang honeyprotects hypoxia-induced mPFC neuronal damage through improvement of the brain cholinergic markersin male rats exposed to normobaric hypoxia.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.122-129
Assessment of 2D:4D ratio for the early diagnosis of caries and malocclusion in 7-15-year-old children
Authors: Issrani Rakhi , Aljohani Fahad , Prabhu Namdeo , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: December 2020

Background: The ratio between 2nd and 4th digit length is termed as hormonal fingerprintand is used as an indirect marker in many medical diseases.Dental studies pertaining to theimportance of hormonal fingerprint on oral health are very sparse.

Aim and objectives: Tostudy the correlation of dental caries and malocclusion with hormonal fingerprints.

Materialsand Methods: A total of 100 children of age group 7-15 years and both genders were randomlyselected and included in the present study. The hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) wasdone bymeasuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of digital vernier caliper.Caries assessment wascarried out using standard mouth mirrors and Community PeriodontalIndex probes. WHO assessment form (1997) was followed for assessment of dentitionstatus and treatment need.Occlusal characteristics evaluated were molar relation, anteriorand posterior crossbite, open bite, deep bite and lower anterior crowding. The subjects weredivided into high 2D:4D, equal 2D:4D digit ratio and low 2D:4D. All the measurements weredone by two investigators. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed usingChi-square and ANOVA test.

Results: Out of 100 children, 34% were males and 66% werefemales. Most of the participants were 7-8 years old (12 males and 15 females). Majority of theparticipants (87% for the right hand and 80% for left hand) had low 2D:4D ratio, only 6% forright and 11% for the left hand had high 2D:4D ratio and the remaining had equal 2D:4D ratio.Statistically insignificantcorrelation between 2D:4D ratio and deft/DMFT score and occlusalstatus of an individualwere found.

Conclusion:The insignificant results of 2D:4D ratio with allthe parameters assessed validates that hormonal fingerprints could not be employed as an earlypredictor of caries and malocclusion in an individual.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.154-158
Ectopic carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in the lower neck: a rare entity at a rare location
Authors: Ramasamy Kuganathan , Lahuri Yatiee Swany , Gani Norhaslinda Abdul , Shamsudin Noor Hasni
Published: December 2020

Ectopic salivary gland tissue (ESGT) is salivary tissue located outside the major, minorand accessory salivary glands. Neoplasms rarely arise from ESGT, let alone carcinoma expleomorphicadenoma (CEPA) which is a malignant tumour that arises from the epithelialcomponent of pleomorphic adenoma. It usually occurs in the parotid gland and in lesserinstances, from submandibular gland or minor salivary glands. Herein, we report a rare caseof CEPA in right supraclavicular ESGT of a 67-year-old lady.She underwent complete surgicalexcision of the mass and is free from any recurrence to date. Brief review of pathogenesis,clinical features and treatment of ectopic CEPA are discussed. A thorough review of the Englishliterature reveals that our patient may be the second case of ectopic CEPA in the neck regionever reported to date.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.190-193
Atypical lipomatous tumor with osteoid metaplasia – a rare occurrence
Authors: Manjula Jain , Shivali Sehgal , Pathania OP
Published: December 2020

The presence of metaplastic ossification within a atypical lipomatous tumour /well differentiated Liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS) is a rare occurrence. We report a case ALT/WDLPS with unusual extensive metaplastic bone formation in a 30 years female who complained of swelling in the right shoulder for the past one and a half years.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.197-199
Insulinoma of Pancreatic Head Localized by Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation with Hepatic Venous Sampling
Authors: Wong Siong Hu , Omar Julia , Yusof Noor Azlin Azraini Che Soh
Published: December 2020

Hypoglycemia is a common medical emergency. Insulinoma, a rare pancreatic endocrine tumour is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in patients without systemic illness. Most insulinomas are small, solitary and benign, which can be treated effectively by surgical removal of the tumour. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, laboratory tests and radiological investigation to localize the tumour. However, small size of this tumour leads to difficulty in localization of the disease, especially in occult insulinoma. Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling can be utilised for preoperative localization of the tumour. We hereby present a case of a 33-year-old woman presenting with history of recurrent hypoglycemic symptoms and morbid obesity. A thorough history, clinical examination and laboratory investigation including prolonged fasting test were conducted and diagnosis of insulinoma was made. Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling was carried out and revealed localization of insulinoma at pancreatic head.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.216-219
Time controlled automatic fish feeder for indoor aquarium
Authors: Ali MA , Rahman MM , Hasan MN , Galib SM
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is about the design and implementation of an automatic feeder to feed fishes in the aquarium when their owners leave home for a prolonged time or forget to feed timely due to their busyness. The mechanical drawing of the feeder is prepared in Auto Desk Fusion 360 software which is followed by the fabrication in a 3-D printer. For automatic feeding, an Arduino microcontroller board has been integrated with the designed mechanical system to control the opening and closing of the food chamber door with the help of a servo motor. An easy digital LCD programming system allows the user to set the time interval between two successive food deliveries and the number of servo rotation at each delivery to supply their desired amount of food. The performance of this portable and the low-cost feeder has been tested which has shown the reliability to dispense the accurate amount of food.

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 289-300, 2020
Um estudo sobre a evolução de óbitos por câncer de mama no Brasil usando modelos de séries temporais
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Agostinho , Miranda Vânia de Fátima Lemes de , Santos Patrícia Mendes dos , Alves Henrique José de Paula , Sáfadi Thelma
Published: December 2020

O câncer de mama é o tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres e é a principal causa de morte no mundo, está entre os cinco cânceres mais incidentes no Brasil. Diante disso, entende-se que é de grande importância a avaliação do número de óbitos no Brasil, uma vez que conhecer o comportamento da doença é fundamental para os órgãos públicos voltados para a saúde e bem estar da população. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar técnicas de séries temporais para analisar a série de observações referentes ao número de óbitos por câncer de mama (grupo CID-10: Neoplasias malignas na mama) no Brasil, abrangendo o período de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2018. Para esta análise, foram verificadas a variabilidade da série, assim como a presença das componentes tendência e sazonalidade. A metodologia Box-Jenkins foi utilizada na modelagem dos dados, sendo que a série em estudo foi bem ajustada utilizando modelos da classe SARIMA. A comparação entre os modelos considerados adequados à série foi realizada através do AIC e EQMP. O modelo ajustado foi utilizado para fazer previsões sobre as observações futuras dessa série. De acordo com essa previsão, foi possível observar que para os meses subsequentes a série manterá o padrão que ela vem mantendo desde o início do seu período de observação: um crescente aumento no número de óbitos por tal enfermidade.