bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity, distribution and spatial structure of the cold-water coral fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Braga-Henriques A. , Porteiro F. M. , Ribeiro P. A. , de Matos V. , Sampaio Í. , Ocaña O. , Santos R. S.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Cold-water corals are widely considered as important structural components of benthic habitats, potentially enhancing local abundance in a variety of fish and invertebrate species. Yet, current knowledge of the taxonomic diversity and distribution patterns of these vulnerable, slow-growing organisms is scarce and fragmented, limiting the effectiveness of spatial management and conservation measures. We have conducted an exhaustive compilation of records of alcyonaceans, antipatharians, scleractinians and stylasterids available until the present day to assess the diversity, distribution, and spatial structure of coral assemblages in the Azores Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The resulting database comprises 2501 entries concerning historical oceanographic expeditions and other published sources, as well as recent data from longline bycatch. Our taxonomic inventory appears to be fairly complete for the explored habitats, accounting for 164 species (79 alcyonaceans, 58 scleractinians, 18 antipatharians and 9 stylasterids), nine of which were new records. The Azores EEZ harbours a mixed coral fauna with several zoogeographic origins, showing the closest affinity with the Lusitanian–Mediterranean region. Very few apparent endemics were found (14%), and only in part supported by consistent sampling. Coral diversity is particularly high between 300 and 900 m depths, in areas recognized as traditional fishing grounds or exploitable fish habitat within the 100-mile limit of the EEZ. The composition of coral assemblages shows significant geographical structure among longitudinal sections of the study area at comparable depths (100–1500 m). There is no evidence of a possible role of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or latitudinal effects underlying this pattern, which suggests that it may instead reflect assemblage variability among features. Stronger changes in species composition were found along the bathymetric gradient. Notwithstanding the mix of partially overlapping steno- and eurybathic species that characterize the vertical distribution of corals, there is a distinct transition from shallow (100–600 m) to intermediate (600–1000 m) depths.The analysis here presented constitutes a~valuable contribution for efficient conservation policies of coral-associated vulnerable marine ecosystems and their sustainable use as fishing areas.
Climate change impact on available water resources obtained using multiple global climate and hydrology models
Authors: Hagemann S. , Chen C. , Clark D. B. , Folwell S. , Gosling S. N. , Haddeland I. , Hanasaki N. , Heinke J. , Ludwig F. , Voß F. , Wiltshire A. J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Climate change is expected to alter the hydrological cycle resulting in large-scale impacts on water availability. However, future climate change impact assessments are highly uncertain. For the first time, multiple global climate (three) and hydrological models (eight) were used to systematically assess the hydrological response to climate change and project the future state of global water resources. The results show a large spread in projected changes in water resources within the climate–hydrology modelling chain for some regions. They clearly demonstrate that climate models are not the only source of uncertainty for hydrological change. But there are also areas showing a robust change signal, such as at high latitudes and in some mid-latitude regions, where the models agree on the sign of projected hydrological changes, indicative of higher confidence. In many catchments an increase of available water resources is expected but there are some severe decreases in central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, the Mississippi river basin, Southern Africa, Southern China and south eastern Australia.
Subsurface release and transport of dissolved carbon in a discontinuous permafrost region
Authors: Jantze E. J. , Lyon S. W. , Destouni G.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Warming and thawing of permafrost and deepening of the active layer related to climate change have been reported in arctic and subarctic environments. These changes alter subsurface hydrological flow pathways and advection rates through the landscape, and thereby also affect the quantity and timing of hydrological transport of dissolved carbon. This study investigates hydrological carbon transport through the subsurface to streams and how it is affected by the distribution of subsurface hydrological pathways and travel times through the landscape. We develop a consistent mechanistic, pathway- and travel time-based modeling approach for release and transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The model implications are tested against observations in the subarctic Abiskojokken catchment (68°21' N, 18°49' E) as a field case example of a discontinuous permafrost region. The results show: (a) Essentially flow-independent concentration and load of the annually renewed and depleted DOC, due to the small characteristic respiration-dissolution time scale relative to the average travel time of water through the subsurface to the stream. (b) High flow-dependence of DIC load, due to its large characteristic weathering-dissolution time relative to the average subsurface water travel time to the stream, which also keeps the DIC concentration essentially flow-independent and less fluctuating in time than the DIC load.
Is There a Relation between Histopathologic Characteristics of Pterygium and Recurrence Rates?
Authors: Nuhoglu Fadime , Turna Fatma , Uyar Meral , Ozdemir Fatma Esin , Eltutar Kadir
Published: January 2013

Purpose

TO explore the interrelationships of histopathologic characteristics of pterygium and postoperative recurrence.

Methods

Consecutive patients with primary pterygium or recurrent pterygium treated in our tertiary center between January 2007 and January 2010 were included in the study. All the patients were surgically treated by limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation and postoperatively followed up for at least 1 year. Histopathologic changes were classified as inflammation intensity, degree of vascularization, and fibrinoid change. The results of examination of histopathologic and clinical characteristics of pterygium were comparatively analyzed. A total of 101 consecutive patients were included in the study. Ninety eyes of 90 patients who had primary pterygium (PP group) were compared with 11 eyes of 11 patients who had recurrent pterygium (RP group). In the PP group, 7 of the 90 (7.8%) patients had evidence of recurrence, while in the RP group, 2 of the 11 (18.2%) patients had evidence of recurrence (p=0.254).

Results

NO significant difference was found in inflammation intensity, degree of vascularization, and fibrinoid change between PP and RP groups (p>0.05). In the PP group, no significant difference was found for inflammation intensity, degree of vascularization, and fibrinoid change between patients with (7/90) and without recurrences (83/90) (p>0.05). In the RP group, no significant difference was detected for inflammation intensity, degree of vascularization, and fibrinoid change between patients with (2/11) and without recurrences (9/11) (p>0.05).

Conclusions

NO significant correlation between the histology of pterygium and recurrence rate could be established.
The Safety of Elective Colorectal Surgery without Mechanical Bower Preparation
Authors: Lee Chul-Min , Lee Seung-Hyun , Ahn Byung-Kwon , Baek Sung-Uhn
Published: January 2013

Objectives To reduce the risk of postoperative infectious complications and anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery, preoperative mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is performed routinely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of primary anastomosis in elective colorectal surgery without MBP. Methods From Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2006, three hundred and seventy-nine patients of elective colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis were performed with MBP in 352 cases (Prep group) and without MBP in 24 cases (Non-prep group). For preoperative MBP, 4 liters of polyethylene glycol solution was administered. Postoperative infectious complications and other morbidity were reviewed with medical records and prospectively collected data. Results Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. The overall rate of abdominal infectious complications (wound infection, anastomotic leak) was 2.9 % in the Prep group and 9 % in the Non-prep group (P > 0.05). Anastomotic leak occurred in nine patients (2.6%) in the Prep group and one (4.5%) in the Non-prep group. Conclusions The incidence of infectious complications after elective colorectal surgery without MBP did not differ significantly compare to that with MBP. However, prospective, randomized clinical trial is needed to assess the safety of primary anastomosis in elective colorectal surgery without MBP.
The Combination Therapy with Peg-interferon Alfa and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C in Korea as an Initial Treatment
Authors: Park Dong Hyun , Lee Sang Uk , Yu Jin Seok , Lee Jun Seop , Kwon Hye Jung
Published: January 2013

Objectives The combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin has been used to treat chronic hepatitis C for several years in Korea but there is a few report about the results of the treatment. We evaluated safety and efficacy of the combination therapy with Peg-interferon and ribavirin and analyzed factors that may affect treatment. Methods Total 72 untreated chronic hepatitis C patients were administered pegylated interferon alfa-2a (180µg/week) or alfa-2b (1.5µg/kg/week) and ribavirin (800 mg/day in genotype 2, 1000-1200 mg/day in genotype 1). Duration of the treatment was 24 weeks in genotype 2 and 48 weeks in genotype 1. Response of the treatment was evaluated by rapid virologic response (RVR), early virologic response (EVR), end treatment virologic response (ETR), sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse event. Results The RVR, EVR, ETR, SVR were 61.8%, 82.5%, 88.9% and 80.5% retrospectively. The SVR of genotype 1 was 63.4% and non-genotype 1 was 96.7%. Genotype (Odds ratio: 14.92) was an independent predictor of the SVR. Leukocytopenia, flu-like symptoms, itching, rash and anemia were common adverse events of the combination therapy and if then we reduced dose and there was one case of cessation. Conclusions The combination therapy with Peg-interferon and ribavirin shows efficacy to the Korean patients with chronic hepatitis C as an initial treatment. Genotypes 2 and 3 were more likely to have a sustained virologic response.
Interpleural Displacement of Subclavian Catheter During Thoracotomy - A Case Report -
Authors: Kim Ji-Wook , Gang Dong-hee , Kim Doo-Sik , Kim Se-Hwan , Yu Soo-bong , Ryu Sie-Jeong
Published: January 2013

Central venous catheterization is well used to provide a large mount of fluid and monitor central venous pressure. However, the procedure accompany various complication including pneumothorax, vascular injury, nerve injury and arrhythmia. To verify correct position of catheter, we checked free regurgitation of blood during catheterization. We experienced a case report of right hemothorax that occurred after right central venous catheterization nevertheless checking correct position by free regurgitation.
Anisakidosis in Korea; Changes Over the Last Decade
Authors: Cha Hee Jae , Ock Mee Sun
Published: January 2013

Anisakidosis is caused by Anisakis simplex and other anisakids larvae parasitizing marine fish and cephalopods. A lot of case reports about anisakidosis have been published in Korea because of raw fish eating habits. Recently seafood consumption has continued to increase due to health concerns and thus, it increases the risk for infectious diseases including anisakidosis. The aim of this review is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of anisakidosis during the last 10 years in Korea, based on the case reports published from 2000 to 2010. The incidence age was changed from 30s and 40s to 50s. The young generation was considered to consume seafood in various ways, including raw fish as well. The most noticeable change was the appearance of Anisakis allergy patients over the last decade. The patients showed abdominal pain, urticaria after eating sea food. It reaffirmed that anisakid infection induces not only gastric and intestinal anisakidosis but also cause allergic reaction. Anisakid should be considered as a possible causative food allergen provoking allergic responses after eating raw fish.
Predictive Value of Maternal Serum Markers for Preeclampsia
Authors: Oh Sue Hyun , Kim Heung Yeol
Published: January 2013

The study performed a systematic review of screening for preeclampsia with the combination of vascular parameters and maternal serum markers in the first and early second trimester. We identified eligible studies through a search of Medline, and, for each included study, we focused on the relationship between the maternal serum markers and preeclampsia. In the selected literature, a combination of maternal serum markers was analyzed, also. Several tests suggested moderate or convincing prediction of early preeclampsia, but screening for late preeclampsia was poor. Literatures for serum markers were selected. Each serum marker was identified independently, and where relevant, a combination of these markers was analyzed. Encouraging results for the first trimester screening were observed when it was combined with other markers. Even in the first trimester of pregnancy, we can present the reliable results for the prediction of early preeclampsia. Detection rate for combination markers may yield higher detection rate and be promising to identify patients at high risk of developing preeclampsia.
Clinical Manifestations of 6 Cases of Septic Pulmonary Embolism at Increased Risk Recently
Authors: Park Su-Min , Kim Kyung-Han , Yoon Neul-Bom , Jeong Il-Hwan , Lee Hye-won , Lee Soo-Keol , Lee Ki-Nam , Son Choonhee , Um Soo-Jung
Published: January 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the clinico-radiologic features and microbiologic data of patients with SPE in a tertiary care hospital in Busan. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical and radiologic features of 6 cases with septic pulmonary embolism that occurred from March 2009 to March 2011 in Dong-A university medical center. Results The mean age of the study population was 58 years, and two men and four women were included. Clinical symptoms included general weakness (5 patients), febrile sensation (4 patients) and pleuritic chest pain (2 patients). Underlying conditions were chemoport infection (4 patients), dental abscess (1 patients), and cellulitis of hip (1 patient). Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral multiple nodular opacities in most patients, and cavitation, central necrosis, feeding vessels were identified. All patients received parenteral antimicrobial therapy with or without central catheter removal, drainage of the extrapulmonary infection. Causative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 patients), Candida albicans (1 patient), Bacillus species (1 patient), and Klebsiella pneumonia (1 patient). Conclusions Clinical and radiologic features of septic pulmonary embolism were various and nonspecific. The diagnosis was usually suggested by the presence of a predisposing factor of septic pulmonary embolism and CT findings of bilateral multiple nodular opacities in patients with infectious signs and symptoms. Most important underlying condition was intravascular device infection.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Ketones and Isoindolobenzimidazoles via Selective Aromatic CH Bond Acylation
Authors: Lu Juyou , Zhang Hao , Chen Xiaowu , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: January 2013

A convenient and efficient palladium‐catalyzed synthesis of aromatic ketones and isoindolobenzimidazoles has been developed via selective aromatic CH bond acylation. The protocol uses palladium acetate as the catalyst, readily available carboxylic acids as the acylating reagents, trifluoroacetic anhydride as the activated agent of the acids, and the corresponding aromatic ketones and isoindolobenzimidazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. This finding should provide a new and useful strategy for synthesis of aromatic ketones and isoindolobenzimidazoles.
Wild Bearded Capuchins Process Cashew Nuts Without Contacting Caustic Compounds
Authors: SIRIANNI GIULIA , VISALBERGHI ELISABETTA
Published: January 2013

Complex and flexible food processing was a key element for the evolutionary success of hominins, enlarging the range of exploitable foods while enabling occupation of new habitats. Only a few primate species crack open encased food by using percussive tools and/or avoid physical contact with irritant compounds by removing the structures containing them. We describe, for the first time, how a population of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) accesses the nutritious kernel of cashew nuts avoiding the caustic chemicals protecting it. Two processing strategies, namely rubbing/piercing and stone tool use, are used according to maturity of the nuts. The frequency of cashew nuts processing increases with capuchin age, and the same set of processing strategies appears to be absent in other capuchin populations, making cashew nuts processing an excellent candidate for social transmission. Am. J. Primatol. 75:387‐393, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initiation of Joint Attention is Associated with Morphometric Variation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: HOPKINS WILLIAM D. , TAGLIALATELA JARED P.
Published: January 2013

In developing human children, joint attention (JA) is an important preverbal skill fundamental to the development of language. Poor JA skills have been described as a behavioral risk factor for some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. It has been hypothesized that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in the development of JA in human children. Here, we tested whether the morphometry and lateralization of the ACC differed between chimpanzees that were classified as either consistently or inconsistently engaging in JA with a human experimenter. Results showed that chimpanzees that performed poorly on the JA task had larger gray matter (GM) volumes in the ACC compared to apes that performed well on the task. In addition, both population‐level asymmetries and sex differences in the volume of GM were found within the ACC. Specifically, females had relatively larger GM volumes in two of the three subregions of the ACC compared to males, and significant leftward asymmetries were found for two of the subregions whereas a rightward bias was observed in the third. Based on these findings, we suggest that the ACC plays an important role in mediating JA, not just in humans, but also chimpanzees. We further suggest that the differences found between groups may reflect inherent differences in the amount of white matter within the ACC, thereby suggesting reduced connectivity between the ACC and other cortical regions in chimpanzees with poor JA skills. Am. J. Primatol. 75:441‐449, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of direct contact steam condensation in structured packing
Authors: Li Xingang , Liu Shaoqing , Cui Xiaoti , Li Hong
Published: January 2013

An experimental study of direct contact steam condensation has been conducted at both atmospheric and vacuum pressure, in a pilot scale column filled with Tupac 125Y structured packing. The local volumetric heat transfer coefficient of condensation determined by thermal balance has been given. The influences of the vapor and liquid flow rate, liquid temperature and operation pressure have been investigated. An empirical correlation based on dimensionless numbers has been put forward and verified by various experimental measurements, and the dimensionless numbers were calculated from the Delft hydrodynamic model of structured packing. The results will give some helpful guidance in the design and operation of direct contact condensers with structured packings. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERINE PROTEASE FROM MIDGUT OF Bombus terrestris MALES
Authors: Brabcová Jana , Kindl Jiří , Valterová Irena , Pichová Iva , Zarevúcka Marie , Brabcová Jana , Jágr Michal , Mikšík Ivan
Published: January 2013

A serine protease was isolated from midguts of the bumblebee male Bombus terrestris by a combination of precipitation procedures with column chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited two bands with molecular masses of 25 and 26 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These bands showed a proteolytic activity in zymography assay. Midgut enzymes showed optimum proteolytic activity at pH 9 and 35°C using N‐succinyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐alanyl‐L‐prolyl‐L‐phenyl‐alanine 4‐nitroanilide as a substrate. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction rate (Vmax) were 0.55 ± 0.042 mM and 0.714 ± 0.056 μmol p‐nitroalanine produced min−1 mg protein−1, respectively. Inhibition was affected by trypsin inhibitor, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, which indicated the trypsin‐like but not chymotrypsin‐like specificity. The identity of the serine protease was confirmed by nanoliquid‐tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven unique peptides of the B. terrestris serine protease were found. It shows high homology to a previously reported B. ignitus serine protease covering more than 65% of the protein amino acid sequence.
Natural Compounds against Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Recognition of Aβ1–42 Peptide by Salvia sclareoides Extract and its Major Component, Rosmarinic Acid, as Investigated by NMR
Authors: Airoldi Cristina , Sironi Erika , Dias Catarina , Marcelo Filipa , Martins Alice , Rauter Amélia Pilar , Nicotra Francesco , Jimenez‐Barbero Jesus
Published: January 2013

Amyloid peptides, Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, represent major molecular targets to develop potential drugs and diagnostic tools for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In fact, oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates generated by these peptides are amongst the principal components of amyloid plaques found post mortem in patients suffering from AD. Rosmarinic acid has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the aggregation of amyloid peptides in vitro and to delay the progression of the disease in animal models. Nevertheless, no information is available about its molecular mechanism of action. Herein, we report the NMR characterization of the interaction of Salvia sclareoides extract and that of its major component, rosmarinic acid, with Aβ1–42 peptide, whose oligomers have been described as the most toxic Aβ species in vivo. Our data shed light on the structural determinants of rosmarinic acid–Aβ1–42 oligomers interaction, thus allowing the elucidation of its mechanism of action. They also provide important information for the rational design of new compounds with higher affinity for Aβ peptides to generate new anti‐amyloidogenic molecules and/or molecular tools for the specific targeting of amyloid aggregates in vivo. In addition, we identified methyl caffeate, another natural compound present in different plants and human diet, as a good ligand of Aβ1–42 oligomers, which also shows anti‐amyloidogenic activity. Finally, we demonstrated the possibility to exploit STD‐NMR and trNOESY experiments to screen extracts from natural sources for the presence of Aβ peptide ligands.
Ozonated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Active and Selective Catalyst in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Benzene to Styrene
Authors: Qui N. V. , Scholz P. , Keller T. F. , Pollok K. , Ondruschka B.
Published: January 2013

Purification and ozonation protocols for the functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were developed to modify the surface with respect to increasing the catalytic activity of the samples in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene (ODEB) to styrene. The modification processes drastically enhance the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and the number of oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of the nanotubes. The modified MWCNT exhibit significantly improved conversion and styrene selectivity in the ODEB reaction. For instance, ozonation led to MWCNT‐based catalysts revealing conversion and selectivity values of 80 % and 92 %, respectively. An increase in surface oxygen accompanied by high catalytic activity observed on the catalysts suggests that oxygen‐containing groups are the dominant active sites for the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of XL888: A Novel Tropane‐Derived Small Molecule Inhibitor of HSP90.
Authors: Blazey Charles M. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2013

With structural guidance, tropane‐derived HTS hits are modified to optimize for HSP90 inhibition and a desirable in vivo profile.
Synthetic Strategies for the Biotinylation of Bioactive Small Molecules
Authors: Trippier Paul C.
Published: January 2013

Biotinylation, the functional appendage of a biotin moiety to a bioactive compound (including small molecules and biological macromolecules), represents a common technique for identification of the intracellular binding partners that underlie the foundation of observed biological activity. Introduction of an attachment tether to the framework of a compound of interest must be planned at an early stage of development, and many considerations apply: 1) region of attachment, so as not to impede the pharmacophore; 2) stability of the parent molecular architecture to biotinylation conditions; 3) regioselectivity for the chosen tethering location over other reactive functionalities; 4) toxicity of reagents if biotinylation is to be performed in vitro; and 5) overall ease of synthesis. This review is intended to serve as a guide for the selection of appropriate tethering modalities. Examples of the common techniques used to affix biotin, including amide bond formation, [3+2] cycloadditions through “click” chemistry, Staudinger ligation, and thioether formation will be discussed, along with analysis of the wider applications of synthetic methodology that have been applied toward the biotinylation of small molecules.
A Chemogenomic Analysis of Ionization Constants—Implications for Drug Discovery
Authors: Manallack David T. , Prankerd Richard J. , Nassta Gemma C. , Ursu Oleg , Oprea Tudor I. , Chalmers David K.
Published: January 2013

Chemogenomics methods seek to characterize the interaction between drugs and biological systems and are an important guide for the selection of screening compounds. The acid/base character of drugs has a profound influence on their affinity for the receptor, on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile and the way the drug can be formulated. In particular, the charge state of a molecule greatly influences its lipophilicity and biopharmaceutical characteristics. This study investigates the acid/base profile of human small‐molecule drugs, chemogenomics datasets and screening compounds including a natural products set. We estimate the acid‐ionization constant (pKa) values of these compounds and determine the identity of the ionizable functional groups in each set. We find substantial differences in acid/base profiles of the chemogenomic classes. In many cases, these differences can be linked to the nature of the target binding site and the corresponding functional groups needed for recognition of the ligand. Clear differences are also observed between the acid/base characteristics of drugs and screening compounds. For example, the proportion of drugs containing a carboxylic acid was 20 %, in stark contrast to a value of 2.4 % for the screening set sample. The proportion of aliphatic amines was 27 % for drugs and only 3.4 % for screening compounds. This suggests that there is a mismatch between commercially available screening compounds and the compounds that are likely to interact with a given chemogenomic target family. Our analysis provides a guide for the selection of screening compounds to better target specific chemogenomic families with regard to the overall balance of acids, bases and pKa distributions.
A Reversible Redox Strategy for SWCNT‐Based Supercapacitors Using a High‐Performance Electrolyte
Authors: Yu Haijun , Wu Jihuai , Lin Jianming , Fan Leqing , Huang Miaoliang , Lin Youzhen , Li Yan , Yu Fuda , Qiu Zhaoyuan
Published: January 2013

In order to achieve pesudocapacitive performance of single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) electrodes, a high‐efficient and reversible redox strategy utilizing a redox‐mediated electrolyte for SWCNT‐based supercapacitors is reported. In this novel redox‐mediated electrolyte, the single‐electrode specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is heightened four times, reaching C=162.66 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The quick charge‐discharge ability of the supercapacitor is also enhanced, and the relaxation time is as low as 0.58 s. Furthermore, the supercapacitor shows an excellent cycling performance of 96.51 % retention after 4000 cycles. The remarkable results presented here illustrate that the redox strategy is a facile and straightforward approach to improve the performances of SWCNT electrodes.
TiN Nanoparticles on CNT–Graphene Hybrid Support as Noble‐Metal‐Free Counter Electrode for Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Youn Duck Hyun , Seol Minsu , Kim Jae Young , Jang Ji‐Wook , Choi Youngwoo , Yong Kijung , Lee Jae Sung
Published: January 2013

The development of an efficient noble‐metal‐free counter electrode is crucial for possible applications of quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Herein, we present TiN nanoparticles on a carbon nanotube (CNT)–graphene hybrid support as a noble‐metal‐free counter electrode for QDSSCs employing a polysulfide electrolyte. The resulting TiN/CNT–graphene possesses an extremely high surface roughness, a good metal–support interaction, and less aggregation relative to unsupported TiN; it also has superior solar power conversion efficiency (4.13 %) when applying a metal mask, which is much higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Au electrode (3.35 %). Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, the enhancement is ascribed to a synergistic effect between TiN nanoparticles and the CNT–graphene hybrid, the roles of which are to provide active sites for the reduction of polysulfide ions and electron pathways to TiN nanoparticles, respectively. The combination of graphene and CNTs leads to a favorable morphology that prevents stacking of graphene or bundling of CNTs, which maximizes the contact of the support with TiN nanoparticles and improves electron‐transfer capability relative to either carbon material alone.
On Electrical Probes Used in Magnetized Plasma Diagnostics
Authors: Mihaila I. , Solomon M.L. , Costin C. , Popa G.
Published: January 2013

In some experimental conditions the electron saturation current of a cylindrical probe placed in a magnetized plasma and oriented along the magnetic field lines shows a large increase when the probe is positively biased with respect to plasma potential. The increase might double the electron saturation current which is followed by a negative slope of the current‐voltage characteristic when the positive bias of the probe is further increased. This particular behavior was investigated versus probe length (0 – 5 mm) and radius, probe orientation with respect to the magnetic field lines, magnetic field strength (up to 0. 42 T), gas nature and pressure, respectively. The increase of both electron current intensity and negative slope are well pronounced starting with a certain length of the probe and strongly dependent on probe orientation along the magnetic field lines. These particularities are also more pronounced with increasing of both magnetic field strength and mass of the gas atoms. Strong oscillations of the probe current are present in the negative slope region of the probe characteristic.

Moreover, the light intensity emitted by plasma volume, where the probe is located, is also dependent on the probe bias. It shows a clear sharp maximum around plasma potential. A qualitative explanation of the probe characteristics with a negative slope obtained with the cylindrical probe is proposed (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Targeting antigen to bone marrow stromal cell‐2 expressed by conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells elicits efficient antigen presentation
Authors: Moffat Jessica M. , Segura Elodie , Khoury Gabriela , Caminschi Irene , Cameron Paul U. , Lewin Sharon R. , Villadangos Jose A. , Mintern Justine D.
Published: January 2013

Bone marrow stromal cell‐2 (BST‐2) has major roles in viral tethering and modulation of interferon production. Here we investigate BST‐2 as a receptor for the delivery of antigen to dendritic cells (DCs). We show that BST‐2 is expressed by a panel of mouse and human DC subsets, particularly under inflammatory conditions. The outcome of delivering antigen to BST‐2 expressed by steady state and activated plasmacytoid DC (pDC) or conventional CD8+ and CD8− DCs was determined. T‐cell responses were measured for both MHC class I (MHCI) and MHC class II (MHCII) antigen presentation pathways in vitro. Delivering antigen via BST‐2 was compared with that via receptors DEC205 or Siglec‐H. We show that despite a higher antigen load and faster receptor internalisation, when antigen is delivered to steady state or activated pDC via BST‐2, BST‐2‐targeted activated conventional DCs present antigen more efficiently. Relative to DEC205, BST‐2 was inferior in its capacity to deliver antigen to the MHCI cross‐presentation pathway. In contrast, BST‐2 was superior to Siglec‐H at initiating either MHCI or MHCII antigen presentation. In summary, BST‐2 is a useful receptor to target with antigen, given its broad expression pattern and ability to access both MHCI and MHCII presentation pathways with relative efficiency.
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Begriche Karima , Massart Julie , Robin Marie-Anne , Bonnet Fabrice , Fromenty Bernard
Published: January 2013

The worldwide epidemic of obesity and insulin resistance favors nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance (IR) in the adipose tissue increases lipolysis and the entry of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in the liver, whereas IR-associated hyperinsulinemia promotes hepatic

de novo

lipogenesis. However, several hormonal and metabolic adaptations are set up in order to restrain hepatic fat accumulation, such as increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mtFAO). Unfortunately, these adaptations are usually not sufficient to reduce fat accumulation in liver. Furthermore, enhanced mtFAO without concomitant up-regulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) activity induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction within different MRC components upstream of cytochrome

c

oxidase. This event seems to play a significant role in the initiation of oxidative stress and subsequent development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in some individuals. Experimental investigations also pointed to a progressive reduction of MRC activity during NAFLD, which could impair energy output and aggravate ROS overproduction by the damaged MRC. Hence, developing drugs that further increase mtFAO and restore MRC activity in a coordinated manner could ameliorate steatosis, but also necroinflammation and fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress. In contrast, physicians should be aware that numerous drugs in the current pharmacopoeia are able to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which could aggravate NAFLD in some patients. (Hepatology 2013;58:1497–1507)
Splenic sarcoidosis mimicking neoplastic disease
Authors: Bauones Salem , Le Corroller Thomas , Durieux Olivier , Guenoun Daphné , Del Grande Jean , Pirro Nicolas , Champsaur Pierre
Published: January 2013

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause that commonly involves the spleen. Sarcoid can produce either homogeneous splenomegaly or multiple splenic nodules. Although other organ system involvement usually occurs, this is not invariable. Herein, we report on the clinical, histological, and radiological features—including sonography and MRI—of an isolated splenic sarcoidosis that mimicked neoplastic disease in a 37‐year‐old female. Knowledge of this atypical sonographic presentation may prevent unnecessary splenectomy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:38–41, 2014
Long‐term reversal of diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice by liver‐directed gene therapy
Authors: Ren Binhai , O'Brien Bronwyn A. , Byrne Michelle R. , Ch'ng Edwin , Gatt Prudence N. , Swan M. Anne , Nassif Najah T. , Wei Ming Q. , Gijsbers Rik , Debyser Zeger , Simpson Ann M.
Published: January 2013

Background

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from an autoimmune attack against the insulin‐producing β‐cells of the pancreas. The present study aimed to reverse T1D by gene therapy.

Methods

We used a novel surgical technique, which involves isolating the liver from the circulation before the delivery of a lentiviral vector carrying furin‐cleavable human insulin (INS‐FUR) or empty vector to the livers of diabetic non‐obese diabetic mice (NOD). This was compared with the direct injection of the vector into the portal circulation. Mice were monitored for body weight and blood glucose. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed. Expression of insulin and pancreatic transcription factors was determined by the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy was used to localise insulin.

Results

Using the novel surgical technique, we achieved long‐term transduction (42% efficiency) of hepatocytes, restored normoglycaemia for 150 days (experimental endpoint) and re‐established normal glucose tolerance. We showed the expression of β‐cell transcription factors, murine insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, and hepatic storage of insulin in granules. The expression of hepatic markers, C/EBP‐β, G6PC, AAT and GLUI was down‐regulated in INS‐FUR‐treated livers. Liver function tests remained normal, with no evidence of intrahepatic inflammation or autoimmune destruction of the insulin‐secreting liver tissue. By comparison, direct injection of INS‐FUR reduced blood glucose levels, and no pancreatic transdifferentiation or normal glucose tolerance was observed.

Conclusions

This gene therapy protocol has, for the first time, permanently reversed T1D with normal glucose tolerance in NOD mice and, as such, represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T1D. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angry Voices from the Past and Present: Effects on Adults' and Children's Earwitness Memory
Authors: Öhman Lisa , Eriksson Anders , Granhag Pär Anders
Published: January 2013

The major aim was to examine the effect of the perpetrator's tone of voice and time delay on voice recognition. In addition, the effect of two types of voice description interviews intended to strengthen voice encoding was tested. Both 11‐ to 13‐year‐olds (n = 160) and adults (n = 148) heard an unfamiliar voice for 40 s. The perpetrator either spoke in a normal tone at encoding and in the lineup (congruent), or in an angry tone at encoding and a normal tone in the lineup (incongruent). Witnesses were then interviewed about the voice with global questions or by rating voice characteristics. Half of the witnesses were presented with a lineup shortly after the interview (immediate) and the others after 2 weeks (delayed). Children tested immediately made significantly more correct identifications. This was not the case for adults. (In)congruency between tone of voice and interview type did not significantly affect voice recognition. Witnesses in the congruent–immediate condition performed the best. However, only 25% of the children and 19% of the adults made correct identifications. Poor identification accuracy and the fact that the majority of witnesses believed they would recognise the voice later are reasons for treating voice identification evidence with great caution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of methylenedioxyamphetamine‐ and piperazine‐derived designer drugs in urine by LC–MS/MS using neutral loss and precursor ion scan
Authors: Montesano Camilla , Sergi Manuel , Moro Mariaelena , Napoletano Sabino , Romolo Francesco Saverio , Carlo Michele Del , Compagnone Dario , Curini Roberta
Published: January 2013

This study describes a method for the screening of methylenedioxyamphetamine‐ and piperazine‐derived compounds in urine by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. These substances, characterized by possessing common moieties, are screened using precursor ion and neutral loss scan mode and then quantified in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. Based on the product‐ion spectra of different known molecules, chosen as ‘model’, characteristic neutral losses and product ions were selected: piperazines were detected in precursor ion scan of m/z 44 and neutral loss of 43 and 86 while amphetamines in precursor ion scan of m/z 133, 135 and 163. The applicability of the screening approach was studied in blank urine spiked with selected analytes and processed by solid‐phase extraction. Linearity, matrix effect, precision, accuracy, limits of detection and limits of quantification were evaluated both for the screening and the quantification methods. The ability of the screening method to provide semi‐quantitative data was demonstrated.

This method appears to be a useful tool for the identification of designer drugs derived from piperazines or methylenedioxyamphetamines and can be potentially applied to other drug classes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viable biobanking of primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Godoy Jose M. , Sewell Andrew , Johnston Benjamin , Brown Brandee T. , Lu Xinyuan , Sinard Robert J. , Rohde Sarah , Mannion Kyle , Netterville James L. , Yarbrough Wendell G.
Published: January 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To determine the feasibility of viable storage of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for regrowth of cells in culture.

Study Design:

Laboratory‐based translational study.

Methods:

Methods for intermediate‐term frozen storage of viable HNSCC were explored using small pieces of primary tumor and dissociated HNSCC cells after short‐term culture. Viable cells after freezing were confirmed by adherence to tissue culture plates, cell morphology, and increased cell or colony density. Two cultures were immunostained for cytokeratin to confirm epithelial origin of viable cultured cells after freezing.

Results:

Six primary HNSCCs (two oral cavity, three larynx, one oropharynx) and two HNSCCs that had been passaged through a xenograft (two oral cavity) were dissociated to single cells and grown in short‐term cell culture for 0 to 12 passages. After short‐term culture, cells were frozen for up to 8 months, thawed, and replated. Frozen cells derived from all tumors (six primary and two xenografts) were successfully replated with cultures lasting >7 days with seven of eight tumors presenting increased colony or cell density over 1 week of growth after freezing. In total, 15 of 15 tested samples derived from six primary and two xenografted HNSCCs were viable after freezing.

Conclusions:

In the current study, we show that biopreservation of primary or xenografted HNSCC using short‐term cell culture is feasible. Initial short‐term cell culture was required for successful storage and viability of frozen cells. These proof‐of‐principle studies, if more widely implemented, could improve preclinical testing of new therapies for HNSCC. Laryngoscope, 2013
Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review
Authors: Persano Luana , Camposeo Andrea , Tekmen Cagri , Pisignano Dario
Published: January 2013

Electrospun nanofibers are extensively studied and their potential applications are largely demonstrated. Today, electrospinning equipment and technological solutions, and electrospun materials are rapidly moving to commercialization. Dedicated companies supply laboratory and industrial‐scale components and apparatus for electrospinning, and others commercialize electrospun products. This paper focuses on relevant technological approaches developed by research, which show perspectives for scaling‐up and for fulfilling requirements of industrial production in terms of throughput, accuracy, and functionality of the realized nanofibers. A critical analysis is provided about technological weakness and strength points in combination with expected challenges from the market.

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Yoga for Functional Ability, Pain and Psychosocial Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ward Lesley , Stebbings Simon , Cherkin Daniel , Baxter G David
Published: January 2013

Objectives

Musculoskeletal conditions (MSCs) are the leading cause of disability and chronic pain in the developed world, impacting both functional ability and psychosocial health. The current review investigates the effectiveness of yoga on primary outcomes of functional ability, pain and psychosocial outcomes across a range of MSCs.

Methods

A comprehensive search of 20 databases was conducted for full‐text, randomized controlled trials of yoga in clinically diagnosed MSCs.

Result

Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1,626 participants with low back pain (LBP), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), kyphosis or fibromyalgia. Studies were quality rated, and analysed for the effect of yoga on primary outcomes, immediately post‐intervention. Twelve studies were rated as good quality. Yoga interventions resulted in a clinically significant improvement in functional outcomes in mild‐to‐moderate LBP and fibromyalgia, and showed a trend to improvement in kyphosis. Yoga significantly improved pain in OA, RA and mild‐to‐severe LBP. Psychosocial outcomes were significantly improved in mild‐to‐moderate LBP and OA. Meta‐analysis of good‐quality studies showed a moderate treatment effect for yoga of −0.64 (95%CI −0.89 to −0.39) for functional outcomes and −0.61 (95%CI −0.97 to −0.26) for pain outcomes.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that yoga is an acceptable and safe intervention, which may result in clinically relevant improvements in pain and functional outcomes associated with a range of MSCs. Future analysis of outcomes which take into account the amount of yoga received by participants may provide insight into any putative duration or dosage effects of yoga interventions for MSCs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.