bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prisoners Are Too ‘Victims’ of the Criminal Justice System. Can They Have an Idea of ‘Fair Access to Justice’?
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Banshkar Anand Kumar , Shekhar Shubhendu , Rani KM Pushpa
Published: December 2022

Injustice to society is antithetic to social order. The strength of the criminal justice system comes from a cluster of police, prison and court. This article portrays the work of providing free access to socio-legal aid and socio-legal counselling services, to the marginalized undertrial prisoners who had been imprisoned for years despite the ‘due process of law’ and the lack of proper legal representation. Thus, they are too ‘victims’ of this poor criminal justice system. The prime objective of the paper is to create awareness about the free socio-legal aid services and to advocate how prisoners are too victims. The paper broadly scrutinizes the issues, problems and ill effects of the criminal justice system. Additionally, it also limns solutions that had been practically implemented and had successively brought out affirmative results and implications.
Testing Relationships Between Exposure to Violence and Substance Use: Comparing Cognitive and Mental Health Mediation and Integrating Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas W.
Published: December 2022

Exposure to violence has been identified as a robust risk factor for substance use. While criminological theories have also been demonstrated to be relevant for predicting this behaviour, there is limited research that compares the role that exposure to violence plays in this regard across multiple theories. There have also been issues in not accounting for pre-existing levels of mediators in specifying mechanisms underpinning these relationships. This study examines the mediating roles of cognitive and mental health variables from the dual systems model and general strain theory for explaining the exposure to violence–substance use relationship. The first four waves of the Pathways to Desistance data were analysed. Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) was used to test for direct and indirect effects. Propensity score matching was used to address concerns that pre-existing levels of cognitive and mental health variables may be driving mediation effects. Results indicated that exposure to violence at wave 2 was associated with increased heavy-episodic drinking and marijuana use at wave 4. Sensation-seeking at wave 3 significantly mediated both of these relationships. No other significant mediation effects were observed. Results indicate that message-framing interventions may be useful for reducing drives towards substance use behaviours stemming from violence exposure.
An Overview of Criminal Laws in India in Relation to Sex and Sexuality
Authors: Narayan Choudhary Laxmi , Narayan Mridula , Agarwal Kritika , Seth Lavanya , Deepanshu Mridul
Published: December 2022

Sex and sexuality are frequently the cause of erratic, aggressive and violent behavior. Women are often at the receiving end of such behaviors and are subjected to sexual assaults. The Mathura rape case, the Nirbhaya case and the Kathua rape case are some of the heinous crime cases against women that occurred and rocked the entire country. In response to these cases, amendments were introduced in the laws dealing with the offences against women in our country by way of Criminal Law (Amendment) Acts in 1983, 2013 and 2018. Verma Committee formed after the Nirbhaya case was of the view that rape and sexual assault are not merely crimes of passion but an expression of power. The 2013 Amendment brought about substantial changes in the laws for crimes against women, and several new crimes like stalking, harassing the women at the work places, voyeurism, severe punishments for acid throwing and so on were introduced. The Information Technology Act, 2000, describes cyber-crimes in relation to sex and sexuality and has provisions for severe punishment. The POCSO Act was enacted in 2012 to deal with sexual offences committed against children. Recently, important developments have occurred, like decriminalizing the same-sex relationships, striking down adultery as an offence, introducing legislation for transgenders, ensuring human rights for sex workers and so on. A brief account of criminal laws in relation to sex and sexuality is given in this article.
CD97 serves as a novel biomarker of immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Qiuming , Li Lu , Li Xiaokai , Li Wang , Zhang Xibing , Dong Yun , Han Lei , Wang Duo , Ran Jianghua
Published: December 2022

Background

CD97 is the most widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor in the epidermal growth factor seven-span transmembrane family. It plays a vital role in cell adhesion, migration, and cell connection regulation. We explored the role of CD97 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

We evaluated CD97 mRNA expression in HCC using TNMplot and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The clinical prognostic significance of CD97 in HCC patients was evaluated by gene expression profiling interactive analysis, the Kaplan–Meier plotter, and the UALCAN database. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT databases were used to analyze the relationships among CD97, genes positively related with CD97, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Results

CD97 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and was associated with an adverse prognosis. CD97 and genes positively related with CD97 were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and strongly correlated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages (allr≥ 0.513,P< 0.001). CD97 was positively correlated with M2 macrophage and tumor-associated macrophage markers (bothr≥ 0.464,P< 0.001). CD97 was found to be an immune-related gene in HCC and positively correlated with the TOX, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, and PD-1 immune checkpoint genes. CD97 copy number alterations affect the level of immune cell infiltration and mRNA expression.

Conclusions

CD97 can be used as a potential molecular marker of prognosis in HCC, which is associated with immune cell infiltration.
Optimization of the preoperative requirements of blood units for the surgical treatment of extra-abdominal soft tissue sarcoma: the TRANSAR score
Authors: Farzaliyev Farhad , Steinau Hans-Ulrich , Halmyradov Atajan , Malamutmann Eugen , Sleutel Arie , Illg Claudius , Podleska Lars Erik
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives

Excessive preoperative blood orders frequently occur during the preoperative planning of resections of sarcomas. We aimed to develop a prediction score model that would be able to identify a patient cohort in which the cross-matching could be safely evaded.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 309 consecutive patients with extra-abdominal soft tissue sarcomas treated between September 2012 and December 2014. Scorecard scores for variables were calculated and summarized to a total score that can be used for risk stratification. The score was used in a logistic regression model. Results of the optimized model were described as a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Preoperative units of red blood cells were requested for 206 (66.7%) patients, of which only 31 (10%) received them. Five parameters were identified with high predictive power. In the visualized barplot, there was an increased risk of blood transfusion with a higher score of TRANSAR.

Conclusion

A TRANSAR score is a new tool that can predict the probability of transfusion for patients with sarcoma. This may reduce the number of preoperative cross-matching and blood product ordering and associated costs without compromising patient care.
Influence of ABO blood group on susceptibility to different pathological types of lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Haotian , Zeng Xianjun , Zhang Yu , Tong Weilai , Yao Geliang , Lan Chunyu , Liu Jiaming , Liu Zhili , Zhong Nanshan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Current research has shown a link between ABO blood group and many diseases. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the influence of the ABO blood group on the risk of developing different pathological types of lung cancer.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study was composed of 7681 patients with lung cancer and 12, 671 non-lung cancer patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2016 to January 2021. The subjects with lung cancer were grouped into small cell lung cancer group (n = 725), lung adenocarcinoma group (n = 4520), and lung squamous cell carcinoma group (n = 2286) according to pathological types. The ABO blood group distribution of each lung cancer type group was compared with that of the control group. Statistical analysis was determined with chi-square and logistic regression.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the ABO blood group distribution of lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer was different from that of the control group (P < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, and drinking history, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in blood type O was higher than that in blood type A (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in ABO blood group composition between small cell lung cancer group, lung squamous cell carcinoma group, and control group (P > 0.05). In addition, gender and age have an influence on all three types of lung cancer (P < 0.01). Smoking was a risk factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (P < 0.01). Alcohol consumption was a risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

ABO blood group may be correlated with the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma in Jiangxi province, but not with lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SWI/SNF complex subunits in undifferentiated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhenkun , Li Qiujing , Sun Shanshan , Li Zhe , Cui Zheng Guo , Zhang Menglan , Liu Qian , Zhang Yujie , Xiong Sili , Zhang Shukun
Published: December 2022

Background

The switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex is an evolutionarily conserved chromatin remodeling complex that displays dysfunction in many tumors, especially undifferentiated carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a special type of undifferentiated cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play an essential role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In undifferentiated gastric carcinomas, the association of SWI/SNF complexes with clinicopathological features, CSC phenotype, and the prognosis is not fully understood.

Methods

We collected a cohort of 21 patients with undifferentiated/dedifferentiated gastric carcinoma. We next performed immunohistochemistry staining for the five subunits of the SWI/SNF complex (ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and SMARCB1), and four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), as well as other markers such as p53, PD-L1, and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (SOX2, SALL4). Then, we investigated the correlation of SWI/SNF complex subunits with clinicopathological characters and performed prognostic analysis.

Results

We observed SMARCA2 loss in 12 cases (57.14%), followed by ARID1A (5 cases, 23.81%) and SMARCA4 (3 cases, 14.29%). Fourteen cases (66.67%) lost any one of the SWI/SNF complex subunits, including 3 cases with SMARCA2 and ARID1A co-loss, and 3 cases with SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 co-loss. Correlation analysis revealed that the CSC phenotype occurred more frequently in the SWI/SNF complex deficient group (P = 0.0158). Survival analysis revealed that SWI/WNF complex deficiency, undifferentiated status, CSC phenotype, and the loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 resulted in worse survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses screened out three independent factors associated with worse prognosis: undifferentiated status, SWI/SNF complex deficiency, and lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

The SWI/SNF complex deficiency was more likely to result in a CSC phenotype and worse survival and was an independent prognostic factor in undifferentiated/dedifferentiated gastric carcinoma.
The amino acid and carnitine concentration changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung cancer patients
Authors: Sun Xiaojun , Xu Mengmin , Ding Liren , Yang Guobiao , Kong Jianlong , Zhu Yafang , Chen Xuefang , Xu Liang , Shan Yisha , Xu Yupin
Published: December 2022

Objective

To screen out potential biomarkers by analyzing fundamental nutrients in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) before confirming the lung cancer.

Methods

In this study, 44 patients were enrolled with clinical information. The concentrations of 23 amino acids and 35 carnitines in their BALF were detected with the high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Combined with clinicopathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into the lung cancer group (grades I & II and III & IV) and the non-cancer group for standard statistical analysis.

Results

The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the Shapiro–Wilk test, and the Bonferroni correction results showed that the serine concentration was higher and the butane-diacyl-carnitine (C4DC) concentration was lower in the lung cancer group, further showing the same changing trend continuously through the non-cancer stage, grades I & II stage and grades III & IV stage. Those two potential biomarkers have been identified.

Conclusion

The HPLC–MS target detection in clinic for nutrient concentration levels is a promising technique to find the changing concentration of serine and C4DC in BALF, which provides an economical and practical way for early warning of lung cancer.
Analyzing the role of reoperation in recurrent glioblastoma: a 15-year retrospective study in a single institution
Authors: González Víctor , Brell Marta , Fuster José , Moratinos Lesmes , Alegre Daniel , López Sofía , Ibáñez Javier
Published: December 2022

Background

Multiple treatment options at glioblastoma progression exist, including reintervention, reirradiation, additional systemic therapy, and novel strategies. No alternative has been proven to be superior in terms of postprogression survival (PPS). A second surgery has shown conflicting evidence in the literature regarding its prognostic impact, possibly affected by selection bias, and might benefit a sparse subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The present study aims to determine the prognostic influence of salvage procedures in a cohort of patients treated in the same institution over 15 years.

Methods

Three hundred and fifty patients with confirmed primary glioblastoma diagnosed and treated between 2005 and 2019 were selected. To examine the role of reoperation, we intended to create comparable groups, previously excluding all diagnostic biopsies and patients who were not actively treated after the first surgery or at disease progression. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed, considering reintervention as a time-fixed or time-dependent covariate. The endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and PPS.

Results

At progression, 33 patients received a second surgery and 84 were treated with chemotherapy only. Clinical variables were similar among groups. OS, but not PPS, was superior in the reintervention group. Treatment modality had no impact in our multivariate Cox regression models considering OS or PPS as the endpoint.

Conclusions

The association of reoperation with improved prognosis in recurrent glioblastoma is unclear and may be influenced by selection bias. Regardless of our selective indications and high gross total resection rates in second procedures, we could not observe a survival advantage.
Laparoscopic liver resection is associated with less significant muscle loss than the conventional open approach
Authors: Gau Ruoh-Yun , Tsai Hsin-I , Yu Ming-Chin , Chan Kun-Ming , Lee Wei-Chen , Wang Haw-En , Wang Sheng-Fu , Cheng Mei-Ling , Chiu Chien-Chih , Chen Hsin-Yi , Lee Chao-Wei
Published: December 2022

Background

Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) have been shown a treatment approach comparable to open liver resections (OLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the influence of procedural type on body composition has not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to compare the degree of skeletal muscle loss between LLR and OLR for HCC.

Methods

By using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, 64 pairs of patients were enrolled. The change of psoas muscle index (PMI) after the operation was compared between the matched patients in the LLR and OLR. Risk factors for significant muscle loss (defined as change in PMI > mean change minus one standard deviation) were further investigated by multivariate analysis.

Results

Among patients enrolled, there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The PMI was significantly decreased in the OLR group (P = 0.003). There were also more patients in the OLR group who developed significant muscle loss after the operations (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed OLR (P = 0.023), type 2 diabetes mellitus, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-15) > 10%, and cancer stage ≧ 3 were independent risk factors for significant muscle loss. In addition, significant muscle loss was associated with early HCC recurrence (P = 0.006). Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that the urea cycle may be decreased in patients with significant muscle loss.

Conclusion

LLR for HCC was associated with less significant muscle loss than OLR. Since significant muscle loss was a predictive factor for early tumor recurrence and associated with impaired liver metabolism, LLR may subsequently result in a more favorable outcome.
Interaction of sex and diabetes on the association between hemoglobin glycation index, hemoglobin A1c and serum uric acid
Authors: Wei Ying , Wu Zhenyu , Wang Ying , Wang Guang , Liu Jia
Published: December 2022

Background

Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), which is calculated by blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), reflects the individual discrepancy in HbA1c. This study aimed to investigate the association between HGI/HbA1c and serum uric acid(SUA) stratified by sex and diabetes.

Methods

The study recruited 33772 participants who underwent physical examinations between April 2016 and August 2021 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. A random subsample of 3000 subjects was utilized to calculate the formula of HGI and data of the remaining 30772 participants were used for analysis. HGI and HbA1c were categorized according to quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), using Q1 as the reference. We used multiple linear regression and restricted cubic splines for data analysis.

Results

30772 participants with a mean age of 44.4 years old were included in the analysis, 48.6% (N = 14944) of which were female and 7.7% (N = 2363) with diabetes. Associations of HGI, HbA1c and SUA were modified by sex and diabetes. The relationship between SUA levels and HGI was positive in women without diabetes, with one unit increase in HGI associating with an 11.3 μmol/L increase in SUA (P < 0.001) after adjusting for other confounders. On average, each one-unit increase in HbA1c was associated with a 14.3 μmol/L decrease in SUA in women with diabetes, a 14.9 μmol/L decrease in SUA in men with diabetes, and a 16.5 μmol/L increase in SUA in women without diabetes (all P < 0.001). The SUA levels in men without diabetes showed a bell-shaped relation with HbA1c, increasing as the HbA1c rose to around 5.7% and then falling with a further increase of HbA1c (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

SUA levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c in diabetic patients, also in men with prediabetes (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%), but positively correlated with HbA1c and HGI in women without diabetes. Glycemic control may help to reduce the risk of hyperuricemia in non-diabetes women.
Three-dimensional visual technique based on CT lymphography data combined with methylene blue in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer
Authors: Wang Baiye , Ou Caifeng , Yu Jingang , Ye Jianping , Luo Yunfeng , Wang Yu , Zhang Pusheng
Published: December 2022

Background

The combined application of blue dye and radioisotopes is currently the primary mapping technique used for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients. However, radiocolloid techniques have not been widely adopted, especially in developing countries, given the strict restrictions on radioactive materials. Consequently, we carried out a retrospective study to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional visualization technique (3DVT) based on computed tomography-lymphography (CT-LG) in endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy (ESLNB) for breast cancer.

Methods

From September 2018 to June 2020, 389 patients who underwent surgical treatment of breast cancer in our department were included in this study. The CT-LG data of these patients were reconstructed into digital 3D models and imported into Smart Vision Works V1.0 to locate the sentinel lymph node (SLN) and for visual simulation surgery. ESLNB and endoscopic axillary lymph node dissection were carried out based on this new technique; the accuracy and clinical value of 3DVT in ESLNB were analyzed.

Results

The reconstructed 3D models clearly displayed all the structures of breast and axilla, which favors the intraoperative detection of SLNs. The identification rate of biopsied SLNs was 100% (389/389). The accuracy, sensitivity, and false-negative rate were 93.83% (365/389), 93.43% (128/137), and 6.57% (9/137), respectively. Upper limb lymphedema occurred in one patient 3 months after surgery during the 12-month follow-up period.

Conclusions

Our 3DVT based on CT-LG data combined with methylene blue in ESLNB ensures a high identification rate of SLNs with low false-negative rates. It, therefore, has the potential to serve as a new method for SLN biopsy in breast cancer cases.
Extreme In Situ Liver Surgery Under Total Vascular Exclusion with Right Hepatic Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Grafts for an Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Victor , Valles Paula Gomez , Palenciano Carlos García , Canovas Sergio , Conesa Asunción López , Brusadin Roberto , Robles-Campos Ricardo
Published: December 2022

In this multimedia article, we demonstrate an extreme in situ liver surgery under total vascular exclusion with right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava grafts for an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a centre with experience in highly complex hepatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation. This surgical approach after neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an opportunity for surgical salvage in patients with large tumors invading the hepatocaval confluence. This patient was considered unresectable at another hospital and referred to our unit. We performed an accurate preoperative assessment with new generation 3D modelling to plan the type of vascular reconstruction that would allow adequate hepatic venous outflow and the volume of the future liver remnant sufficient to avoid postoperative liver failure. For hemodynamic management of the patient, we performed a total hepatic vascular exclusion with veno-venous bypass without intraoperative adverse events. We used a cryopreserved carotid artery graft after previously planning the most appropriate diameter and length for right hepatic vein reconstruction. The inferior vena cava was reconstructed with gore-tex graft. During the hospital stay there were no postoperative complications. The patient is free of disease. We conclude that patients with advanced malignant liver disease should always be referred to highly specialized liver surgery centers to assess the most appropriate oncological management and the possibility of surgical resectability.
Weak Signal Detection Based on Lifting Wavelet Threshold Denoising and Multi-Layer Autocorrelation Method
Authors:   College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, Hou Yuzhe , Li Shunming , Ma Huijie , Gong Siqi , Yu Tianyi
Published: December 2022

To solve the problem that the weak signal is difficult to detect under a strong background noise, a detection method based on lifting wavelet threshold denoising and multi-layer autocorrelation method is proposed. Firstly, the original signal is denoised by lifting wavelet threshold to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Secondly, the multi-layer autocorrelation function of the noise-reconstructed signal is calculated, and its time-frequency signature are analyzed. Finally, the combined algorithm is used on weak signals with low signal-to-noise ratio to extract weak signal features. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect weak signal features buried in the heavy noise effectively. The proposed method is compared with the traditional noise reduction method, which reflects its effectiveness and superiority.
Implementation of Low Resource Parking Information System Prototype Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors:   School of Applied Science, Telkom University, 40287 Bandung, Indonesia, Ali Moh Didik Darmawan , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Irawati Indrarini Dyah
Published: December 2022

In everyday life, humans need vehicles to support various activities. One thing that must be considered is the issue of parking availability in public places such as office buildings, campuses, shopping centers. In the previous technology, a parking system using automatic hydraulics was made. However, it requires a complex construction. In this study, a wireless parking availability information system was developed. This system is built using a ZigBee communication network. The installed low-cost light sensor will detect the presence or absence of a car occupying a parking slot. Then every driver who enters the parking area can find out information on parking availability. Based on the test results, the system can automatically provide information related to the status of the parking lot (filled or empty) with a sensor threshold (light intensity) of 153 cd. The maximum delay generated by the system during testing is 2.518462ms. The optimal data transmission distance is 40 meters.
Multimode Textile Array Antenna for Millimeter Wave Wearable Applications
Authors:   ECE, Bannari AmmanInstitute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India, Ramya P. , Deepa B. , Nirmala R. , Murugesan Malathi , Abirami K. Rama , Kannadhasan S.
Published: December 2022

The development of a multimode textile array antena for wearable applications is discussed in this study. For fabrication, copper sheet and conductive copper materials are employed. Because the body wear antenna is intended to function close to the human body, it should be lightweight and low profile. The performance of the suggested antenna is examined for different textile materials, which serve as its substrate. Additionally, a 1 x 4 antenna array is made to increase gain and bandwidth. According to the results, the designed antenna has high gain and directivity of 14dB and 10dB, respectively. Future 5G wireless devices may employ the frequencies obtained—27.08GHz, 30.16GHz, 38.62GHz, and 45.59GHz—as well as the reflection coefficients—-24.57dB, -13.735dB, -23.61dB, and -10.912dB, respectively. An excellent radiation pattern, good gain of 10.35 dB, and high directivity of 14.206 dB are all shown by the suggested patch antenna. Due to its very low profile, the antenna architecture is easily adaptable to systems where limited space is a major consideration. The antenna may be used for wearable applications and will be efficient for the next 5G applications since it is made of cotton.
Cavity Backed Multiband SIW Antenna for X Band Applications
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM TRP Engineering College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, Vijay M. , Roopa M.
Published: December 2022

This article designs, tests, and produces a substrate integrated waveguide based antenna with copper patches in the micro strip in a totally planar construction utilising microstrip technology. The performances of this SIW antenna, as well as geometrical antenna aspects, are investigated in the X-band at frequencies ranging from 5 to 10 GHz. The efficiency and directivity of the substrate integrated waveguide antenna have been improved, and the side lobe level has been increased, making it highly promising. SIW technology seems to be the most viable option for millimeter-wave integrated circuits and systems in the next decade. This article gives an overview of SIW technology research in academia and industry, as well as its current state and future potential. The development of numerical tools for SIW component modelling and design, as well as the investigation of new compact and broadband interconnects and the discovery of design solutions for loss reduction, are all current research priorities. It consists of two connected quarter-mode SIW resonant cavities and one half-mode SIW resonant cavity. This groundbreaking technology combines a considerable bandwidth boost with a tiny footprint and existing PCB manufacturing procedures at a cheap cost, making it ideal for 5G high-speed wireless applications. SIW technology provides a robust antenna basis, enabling for the integration of high-density active electronics without the possibility of damaging coupling.
Can Decoherence Solve the Measurement Problem?
Authors: Bhaumik Mani L.
Published: December 2022

The quantum decoherence program has become more attractive in providing an acceptable solution for the long-standing quantum measurement problem. Decoherence by quantum entanglement happens very quickly to entangle the quantum system with the environment including the detector. But in the final stage of measurement, acquiring the unentangled pointer states poses some problems. Recent experimental observations of the effect of the ubiquitous quantum vacuum fluctuations in destroying quantum entanglement appears to provide a solution.Quanta 2022; 11: 115–123.
Consumption of green tea - potential health benefits
Authors: Żuchnik Olga , Szydłowska Justyna , Gładysz Konrad , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Szydłowski Marcin , Kłos Aleksander , Kuczyńska Beata , Gieroba Krzysztof , Czelej Magda , Król Olgierd
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The health-promoting effects of green tea have been known since ancient times. Nowadays it is oneof the most consumed beverages in the world. The main bioactive components of green tea are the catechins:epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. They have a number ofhealth-promoting properties.Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compile the health benefits of drinking green tea.Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, thefollowing keywords were used: "green tea", “catechins", "health benefits".Results: Consumption of green tea carries a number of health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant andneuroprotective effects. Due to its potential for preventing many diseases and supporting cognitive function,regular consumption of green tea may have a positive effect on both physical and mental health.Conclusion: Studies on the effects of green tea on the human body have shown that it can be an important dietaryfactor in preventing and supporting the treatment of various diseases, such as inflammation, diabetes, obesity,neurological diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. By affecting crucial cellular processes, it prevents theformation, growth and progression of cancer. In addition, the catechins in green tea also play an important role inpreventing and treating infections. Daily consumption of adequate amounts of green tea inhibits brain aging byactivating nerve cells and reducing stress. When consumed regularly, green tea can support the body's efforts tomaintain health and prevent disease.
OSMANLI DÖNEMİNE AİT BİR İPEK HALININ TASARIM İLKELERİ BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: PALA YAVUZYİĞİT Zehra
Published: December 2022

Dokumacılık Orta Asya topraklarından Anadolu’ya Türklerin göçüyle gelmiş ve günümüze kadar devamlılık sağlayan bir sanat dalı olmuştur. Dokuma kavramı, yün, ipek, pamuk vb. malzemelerle çeşitlenmiş ve sanat dünyası içinde kendine geniş bir yer edinmiştir. En eski Türk halıları günümüzde koruma altına alınmış ve çeşitli müzelerde sergilenmiştir.

18. yüzyılda Osmanlı döneminde Hereke Fabrika-i Hümayunu adında çeşitli tezgâhlardan oluşan ilk fabrika Hereke’de kurulmuştur. Bu merkezde ipek halılar dokunmuş bir süre sonra yünlü dokumalar da yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüzde ise sadece Hereke’de değil başka merkezlerde de dokuma faaliyetleri sürmektedir. Araştırmada incelenen bu ipek halı Osmanlı dönemine ait bu özellikteki bir halıdır.

Çalışmada yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler gözlem sonucu elde edilmiştir. Nitel yöntem kapsamında Survey Tarama Modeli uygulanmıştır. Nitel verilerin işlenmesi, bulguların tanımlanması ve yorumlanmasını içeren Betimsel Analiz yaklaşımı temel alınmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini halı sanatı içindeki ipekli dokumalar, örneklemini ise 16. yüzyıla ait incelenen Osmanlı halısı oluşturmaktadır.

Dokuma eserleri tasarım ilkelerine göre analiz eden birkaç çalışma dışında çok fazla yayın olmaması bu çalışmanın özgün ve yenilikçi olmasını sağlamaktadır. Tasarım ilkelerinin sanat eserlerinde ayrıntılı analizi sanat eserlerinin niteliğini ve tasarım değerini anlamayı kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu durumlar çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Çalışmadaki amaç, önemli bir sanat dalı olan dokumacılık içindeki halı eserin tasarım özelliklerini analiz etmek ve ortaya koymaktır. İlk olarak incelenen halının genel kompozisyon düzeni, motif kullanımı, künye bilgileri gibi özellikler paylaşılmıştır. Daha sonra tasarım ilkeleri olan denge, tekrar, ritim, zıtlık, vurgu, oran, armoni (uyum) ilkelerinin neler olduğu ayrıntılı şekilde tespit edilmiştir. Halı, bu ilkelere göre ayrıntılı analiz edilmiş ve incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda bir sonuca varılmış ve ulaşılan değerler ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında 16. yüzyıla ait incelenen eserde yapılan analizlere göre bahsi geçen tasarım ilkelerinin sistemli ve düzenli şekilde kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Injection locking and coupling the emitters of large VCSEL arrays via diffraction in an external cavity
Authors: Pflüger Moritz , Brunner Daniel , Heuser Tobias , Lott James A. , Reitzenstein Stephan , Fischer Ingo
Published: December 2022

Networks of semiconductor lasers are the foundation of numerous applications and fundamental investigations in nonlinear dynamics, material processing, lighting, and information processing. However, making the usually narrowband semiconductor lasers within the network interact requires both high spectral homogeneity and a fitting coupling concept. Here, we report how we use diffractive optics in an external cavity to experimentally couple vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in a 5×5 array. Out of the 25 lasers, we succeed to spectrally align 22, all of which we lock simultaneously to an external drive laser. Furthermore, we show the considerable coupling interactions between the lasers of the array. This way, we present the largest network of optically coupled semiconductor lasers reported so far and the first detailed characterization of such a diffractively coupled system. Due to the high homogeneity of the lasers, the strong interaction between them, and the scalability of the coupling approach, our VCSEL network is a promising platform for experimental investigations of complex systems, and it has direct applications as a photonic neural network.
Photon number conservation in time dependent systems [Invited]
Authors: Pendry J. B.
Published: December 2022

Time dependent systems in general do not conserve photons nor do they conserve energy. However when parity-time symmetry holds Maxwell’s equations can sometimes both conserve photon number and energy. Here we show that photon conservation is the more widely applicable law which can hold in circumstances where energy conservation is violated shedding further light on an amplification mechanism identified in previous papers as a process of conserved photons climbing a frequency ladder.
Four-ray interference model for complete characterization of tubular anti-resonant hollow-core fibers
Authors: Xiong Yifan , She Shixian , Sun Yizhi , Wang Yingying , Li Maochun , Zhao Kun , Yan Miao , Ding Wei
Published: December 2022

We propose a comprehensive four-ray interference model based on simple geometric optics that can be employed to characterize all the structural parameters of an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with tubular cladding structures in a non-invasive and fast way. Combining this model with white-light side-scattering spectroscopy, the outer and the inner radii of the jacket tube can be measured with sub-micron accuracy. The improved illumination source and collimator enable fast spectrum acquisition and identification of the key interference peaks of the four rays. A fitting-based estimate of the interference peaks fully exploits a wealth of spectra acquired at different rotation angles and can help to retrieve the diameter of the cladding tubes with high resolution of 0.17 µm, which exceeds the diffraction limit of the probe light. We also report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the polarization and the transverse mode dependences in the side-scattering interference spectra, with which the glass wall thicknesses of the cladding tubes can be estimated on the basis of our four-ray interference model as well.
Quantifying bound and leaky states of resonant optical lattices by Rytov-equivalent homogeneous waveguides
Authors: Ko Y. H. , Hemmati H. , Magnusson R.
Published: December 2022

The properties of periodic optical lattices are generally investigated with rigorous numerical methods. For physical insight and understanding of the complex processes underlying observed spectra, simple analytical models are needed. Accordingly, we show that by applying full Rytov effective-medium formalisms, the bound and leaky states of resonant photonic lattices can be quantified with high precision. Thus, all key properties are embodied in Rytov-equivalent homogeneous waveguides. The symmetric effective-medium theory (EMT) model quantifies rigorously computed guided-mode resonance (GMR) reflectance loci defining the leaky states. The asymmetric EMT formula similarly quantifies the bound state in the continuum (BIC) loci. Even with the period and wavelength on similar scales, the analytical EMT refractive index solutions agree exactly with rigorous solutions. We apply the Rytov formulas to explain the resonant leaky band structure including appearance of GMR and BIC states as well as band transitions and band closure points. The wavenumbers of the equivalent waveguides represent the BIC embedded eigenvalues as quantified here.
HAPLN1 confers multiple myeloma cell resistance to several classes of therapeutic drugs
Authors: Huynh Mailee , Chang Hae Yeun , Lisiero Dominique N. , Ong Irene M. , Kashyap Trinayan , Callander Natalie S. , Miyamoto Shigeki
Published: December 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow, is generally considered incurable: resistance to multiple therapeutic drugs inevitably arises from tumor cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironment (TME)-mediated mechanisms. Here we report that the proteoglycan tandem repeat 1 (PTR1) domain of the TME matrix protein, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), induces a host of cell survival genes in MM cells and variable resistance to different classes of clinical drugs, including certain proteasome inhibitors, steroids, immunomodulatory drugs, and DNA damaging agents, in several MM cell lines tested. Collectively, our study identifies HAPLN1 as an extracellular matrix factor that can simultaneously confer MM cell resistance to multiple therapeutic drugs.
The anticoagulation length of therapy and risk of new adverse events in venous thromboembolism (ALTERNATIVE) study: Design and survey results
Authors: Portugal Cecilia , Fang Margaret C. , Go Alan S. , Zhou Hui , Chang John , Prasad Priya , Fan Dongjie , Garcia Elisha A. , Sung Sue Hee , Reynolds Kristi
Published: December 2022

The Anticoagulation Length of Therapy and Risk of New Adverse Events In Venous Thromboembolism (ALTERNATIVE) study was designed to compare the benefits and harms of different treatment options for extended treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this paper, we describe the study cohort, survey data collection, and preliminary results. We identified 39,605 adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) from two large integrated health care delivery systems who were diagnosed with incident VTE and received initial anticoagulation therapy of 3 months or longer. A subset of the cohort (12,737) was invited to participate in a survey. Surveys were completed in English, Spanish or Mandarin via a mailed questionnaire, an online secure web link, or telephone. The survey domains included demographics, personal medical history, anticoagulant treatment history, anticoagulant treatment satisfaction, health-related quality of life and health literacy. A total of 5,017 patients participated in the survey for an overall response rate of 39.4%. The mean (SD) age of the survey respondents was 63.0 (14.5) years and self-reported race was 76.0% White/European, 11.1% Black/African American, and 3.8% Asian/Pacific Islander and 14.0% reported Hispanic ethnicity. Sixty percent of respondents completed the web survey, while 29.0% completed the mail-in paper survey, and 11.0% completed the survey via telephone. The ALTERNATIVE Study will address knowledge gaps by comparing several treatment alternatives for the extended management of VTE so that this information could be used by patients and clinicians to make more informed, patient-centered treatment choices.
Alzheimer’s risk factor FERMT2 promotes the progression of colorectal carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributes to the negative correlation between Alzheimer and cancer
Authors: Xia Wenzhen , Gao Zhaoyu , Jiang Xia , Jiang Lei , Qin Yushi , Zhang Di , Tian Pei , Wang Wanchang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Rui , Zhang Nan , Xu Shunjiang
Published: December 2022

Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies indicate that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a negative relationship with the incidence of cancers. Whether the Alzheimer’s genetic risk factor, named as fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2), plays a pivotal part in the progressive process of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) yet remains unclear. This study revealed that FERMT2 was upregulated in CRC tissues which predicted an unfavorable outcome of CRC using the PrognoScan web tool. FERMT2 was co-expressed with a variety of genes have been linked with CRC occurrence and implicated in the infiltration of immune cell in CRC tissues. Overexpressing FERMT2 promoted CRC progression with upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of FERMT2 suppressed the cell multiplication, colony formation rate, migration and invasion, along with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) with downregulation Wnt/β-catenin proteins in cells of CRC, while overexpressing β-catenin reversed the inhibitory effects of silencing FERMT2 on the migration or invasion of CRC cells. Furthermore, Aβ1–42treated HT22 cells induced downregulation of FERMT2 and inhibited the migration, invasion and EMT in co-cultured CT26 cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results revealed that the downregulated FERMT2 gene during AD is prominently activated in CRC, which promotes its progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Closing the life-cycle of normative modeling using federated hierarchical Bayesian regression
Authors: Kia Seyed Mostafa , Huijsdens Hester , Rutherford Saige , de Boer Augustijn , Dinga Richard , Wolfers Thomas , Berthet Pierre , Mennes Maarten , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Beckmann Christian F. , Marquand Andre F.
Published: December 2022

Clinical neuroimaging data availability has grown substantially in the last decade, providing the potential for studying heterogeneity in clinical cohorts on a previously unprecedented scale. Normative modeling is an emerging statistical tool for dissecting heterogeneity in complex brain disorders. However, its application remains technically challenging due to medical data privacy issues and difficulties in dealing with nuisance variation, such as the variability in the image acquisition process. Here, we approach the problem of estimating areferencenormative model across a massive population using a massive multi-center neuroimaging dataset. To this end, we introduce a federated probabilistic framework using hierarchical Bayesian regression (HBR) to complete the life-cycle of normative modeling. The proposed model provides the possibilities to learn, update, and adapt the model parameters on decentralized neuroimaging data. Our experimental results confirm the superiority of HBR in deriving more accurate normative ranges on large multi-site neuroimaging datasets compared to the current standard methods. In addition, our approach provides the possibility to recalibrate and reuse the learned model on local datasets and even on datasets with very small sample sizes. The proposed method will facilitate applications of normative modeling as a medical tool for screening the biological deviations in individuals affected by complex illnesses such as mental disorders.
Kinetics of Kapalbhati: A mathematical interpretation of force, pressure, centre of gravity and centre of mass
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Gupta Shivam , Singh Sandeep , Yadav Nidheesh
Published: December 2022

This article introduces the theoretical study of kinetics of kapalbhati, how mathematical parameters correlated to each other. Kapalbhati is high frequency yoga breathing (exhalation breathing rate up to 2 Hz) literally means shining forehead (kapala = cranium or forehead, bhati = shining or even knowledge in Sanskrit). It is known widely for its positive effects on abdominal muscles and overall health. Kapalbhati plays an important role to enhance the abdominal muscle strength and its muscle tone as well.
The Meaning of Teaching Practicum on the Growth of Elementary School Teachers: Focusing on the Experience of a Cooperating Teacher
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Jung-Pyo , SUH Soonshik , Jeong Sun-Mi
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study explored the meaning of Teaching Practicum experience on the growth of elementary school teachers. Methods: For this purpose, an autobiographical Narrative Inquiry was used to study the experience of a Cooperating Teacher. The Teaching Practicum experience of a elementary school teacher ‘J’ using documents, memories, and interviews was drawn upon, and the meaning of J’s experiences were discussed. Results: As a result, J's narrative revealed the following meaning. Teaching Practicum is a process for pre-service teachers to understand the importance of relational context in the class. At the same time, it was revealed that a Cooperating Teacher recognizes the class is herself, so she has to accurately coordinate well complex relationships inside and outside the class, as the self-contained classroom teacher. This is the process of the professional development of elementary school teachers. Conclusion: Therefore, teacher training colleges should operate the Teaching Practicum in accordance with the original purpose by focusing on learning the role of a self-contained classroom teacher, and a Cooperating Teacher should also help ‘student teachers’ acquire the role of a self-contained classroom teacher properly.