bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) Annual Average Dose Received by Industrial Facilities and Practices Using TLD Dosimeters Over the Last Ten Years in Madagascar
Authors: Raharimboangy Veroniaina , Razafindramiandra Hary , Randriamora Tiana , Ralaivelo Mbolatiana , Rajoeliarivony José , Razakarimanana Tahiry , Radaorolala Joseph , Raboanary Roland
Published: January 2025

Ionizing radiations are commonly used in several sectors in Madagascar, especially in industrial field which represents a significant number of exposed workers. To protect workers against the harmful effect of ionizing radiations, all workers are covered by a personal monitoring program. This study was carried out at the Dosimetry and Radioprotection Department of the National Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (INSTN-Madagascar) to determine the average annual equivalent doses received by workers in industrial facilities and practices using TLD dosimeters over the last 10 years. The HARSHAW 6600 reader and TLDs cards, type-100 dosimeter cards were used. For this study, only annual doses below the regulatory limits [20 mSv.y-1 for Hp(10) and 500 mSv.y-1 for Hp(0.07)] were taken into consideration during this study. On average, 450 workers from approximately 12 industrial facilities were monitored during this period. The number of workers in 2013 (562 workers) was the highest, when compared to other years. The Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) annual equivalent doses received by industrial facilities over the last 10 years vary respectively from (0.97 ± 0.18) mSv.y-1 to (1.99 ± 0,92) mSv.y-1 with an average value of (1.36 ± 0.57) mSv.y-1, and from (0.96 ± 0.16) mSv.y-1 to (2.03 ± 0.92) mSv.y-1 with an average value of (1.37 ± 0.56) mSv.y-1. It has been established that the industrial radiography practice has received the highest annual doses, it varies from (0.73 ± 0.11) mSv.y-1 to (3.59 ± 2.88) mSv.y-1 with an average value of (1.71 ± 0.99) mSv.y-1 for Hp (10), and from (0.70 ± 0.29) mSv.y-1 to (3.60) ± 2.83) mSv.y-1 with an average value of (1.72 ± 0.99) mSv.y-1 for Hp (0.07).
Socioeconomic Determinants of Domestic Violence Against Women in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from National Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Alawode Olubunmi
Published: January 2025

Many Nigerian women experience various forms of domestic violence, most of which was carried out by their spouses. This abuse occurs across all socioeconomic groups and strata. Women's human rights are violated when they are subjected to violence. This study analysed the socioeconomic determinants of domestic violence against women in Nigeria with empirical evidence from secondary data which were sourced from the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2018. The cleaned data comprised 6,603 ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression. Results show that high proportion (35%) of women in Nigeria have ever experienced domestic violence which is higher than the 30% globally acceptable level of violence. Emotional abuse is the most prevalent in Nigeria as it was experienced by about one-third (33.64%) of the respondents. At p<0.01, having higher education, religion (Islam), being in the rich and richest wealth quintile, and being in the North West, South East and South West zones were significantly and negatively related to (reduced) domestic violence in Nigeria. Also, at p<0.05, having urban residence reduced the likelihood of domestic violence. However, being employed (p<0.05), and at p<0.01, partners’ alcoholism, women having history of violence, husband/partner’s jealousy, household head being male, as well as being in the North East zone were significant and positively related to (increased) domestic violence. In conclusion, domestic violence, especially emotional violence, is prevalent in Nigeria. Thus, human rights activists and NGOs fighting violence against women in Nigeria should intensify their efforts to eliminate domestic violence. Also, gender awareness programmes should be incorporated in school curriculum from primary to higher education levels so that children will be sensitized on the implications of violence, especially against women, and this would bring about reduced level of violence in the future.
Investigating Plutella xylostella Resistance to Insecticides: Sensitivity Shifts to Cypermethrin, Profenofos, and Acetamiprid
Authors: Poodineh Mahdiyeh , Ravan Sultan , Sheikhigarjan Aziz , Sahebzade Najme , Emamjome Abbasali
Published: January 2025

The Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a notorious pest posing a substantial threat to global agriculture due to high resistance to conventional insecticides. Some P450 related enzymes are responsible to help the Diamondback Moth to metabolize and neutralize pesticides, contributing to the resistance problem. Our study aimed to understand the expression of the cytochrome P450 genes in response to Cypermethrin, Profenofos, and Acetamiprid. The P. xylostella larvae were collected from three different locations, representing varying resistance histories, and subjected them to controlled laboratory conditions for insecticide susceptibility and gene expression analysis. Expression levels of three genes –CYP321E1, CYP4M22, and CYP9G2- involved in the resistance in response to insecticide exposure were investigated. The analysis revealed significant variations in the gene expression patterns among the different populations and across the insecticides tested. The CYP4M22 gene displayed significant different expression patterns depending on the specific insecticide and population. The CYP321E1 and CYP9G2 genes also showed increased expression levels with prolonged exposure to the insecticides, indicating a potential adaptive mechanism for metabolizing pesticides. These findings emphasized the complex nature of insecticide resistance and suggested that gene expression patterns can differ significantly across populations, reflecting the unique evolutionary pressures in each environment.
Assessment of Household Water Treatment Practices in Odaya Kebele at Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Sara
Published: January 2025

The global population continues to grow, the availability of fresh and safe water remains limited, posing significant public health challenges. Household water treatment (HWT) has the potential to improve water quality at the point of use and reduce waterborne diseases such as diarrhea. However, adoption of HWT in Ethiopia remains low, with limited evidence to guide interventions. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Odaya Kebele, Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia, from March 18 to April 18, 2023, assessed household water treatment practices among 72 systematically selected households through structured interviews. The study revealed that only 31.94% of households practiced HWT, with boiling (52.17%), chlorination (21.74%), filtration (13.04%), and sedimentation (8.67%) being the primary methods. Despite access to various water sources, low educational levels, inadequate cleaning of water storage containers, and lack of awareness were key barriers to HWT adoption. The study recommended enhancing health education programs to raise awareness of simple and cost-effective water treatment methods, encouraging community engagement for consistent HWT application, and improving access to affordable resources like chlorine while providing proper training on their use. These measures could significantly improve HWT practices, reduce waterborne diseases, and enhance community health.
Impacts of continuous cropping on soil fertility, microbial communities, and crop growth under different tobacco varieties in a field study
Authors: Xia Hao , Jiang Chaoqiang , Riaz Muhammad , Yu Fei , Dong Qing , Yan Yifeng , Zu Chaolong , Zhou Chuyue , Wang Jitao , Shen Jia
Published: January 2025

Continuous cropping obstacles are significant factors that limit the yield and quality of tobacco. Thus, the selection and breeding of varieties is a crucial strategy for mitigating these challenges. However, the effects and mechanisms by which different tobacco varieties influence the structural composition of soil microbial remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a field experiment involving five tobacco varieties (K326, K394, XL, Y87, and Y97) and two types of soil (continuous cropping obstacle soil and normal soil). We examined microbial responses to different tobacco varieties in each soil type. Our results revealed that soil available nutrients and organic matter were decreased in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The fresh biomass decreased by 18.05–27.92% in obstacle soil (except K394 and Y97). The microbial community composition in the rhizosphere soil remained consistent in various tobacco varieties in obstacle soil. The connections between soil fertility nutrients and microbial communities were reduced in obstacle soil compared to normal soil. The alteration of bacterial community composition was a stochastic process, whereas the modification of fungal community composition was a deterministic process in obstacle soil. Furthermore, the abundance of differential fungi (Zoopagomycota) was notably higher in obstacle soil. Overall, our results revealed that the disturbance of microbial communities and soil degradation in the obstacle soil are primary factors contributing to reduced crop yields. Therefore, it is an economical strategy for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles by utilizing rhizosphere microecology through multi-variety planting.
Navigating complex arterial reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: the role of the splenic artery as a viable conduit
Authors: Hamed Hosam , Elshobary Mohamed , Salah Tarek , Sultan Ahmad M. , Abou El-Magd El-sayed , Elsabbagh Ahmed M. , Shehta Ahmed , Abdulrazek Mohamed , Elsarraf Waleed , Elmorshedi Mohamed A. , Abdelkhalek Mostafa , Shiha Usama , El Razek Hassan Magdy Abd , Wahab Mohamed Abdel
Published: January 2025

Background

In living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), maintaining hepatic arterial flow is critical for graft survival. Alternative methods are required when the recipient’s hepatic artery is unsuitable due to extensive dissection or inadequate flow. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of splenic artery transposition (SAT) for hepatic arterial reconstruction in LDLT.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 10 LDLT patients with hepatic arterial reconstruction by SAT to assess operative parameters, postoperative complications, mortality, and patency rate.

Results

The splenic artery was used because of arterial dissection (70%) or inadequate arterial blood flow. Operative time ranged from 640 to 1020 min, and no splenic infarction was observed. Post-operative complications were as follows; biliary leakage (10%), pancreatitis (10%), intraabdominal hemorrhage (10%), and arterial thrombosis (10%). Mortality in this cohort was 30%, one of them was due to thrombosis of the conduit and the other two died from sepsis-related complications. With a median follow-up of 43 months, this technique was associated with a 70% survival rate.

Conclusion

The splenic artery is a viable conduit for hepatic arterial reconstruction in LDLT, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile and complication rates. This approach is recommended in cases where the recipient’s hepatic artery is significantly compromised.
Trueness of tooth modified scan bodies as a novel technique for edentulous full arch implant supported dental prosthesis: an in vivo prospective comparative study
Authors: Eldabe Abdelrahman K. , Adel-Khattab Doaa , Botros Kirollos H.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance (degree of trueness) of a novel scan body “tooth-modified Scan body” (TMSB)& conventional scan body (CSB) in implant-supported full arch screw retained cases.

Methods

Seven edentulous arches (two maxillae, five mandibles) in 6 patients were rehabilitated with monolithic zirconia screw-retained implant prostheses supported by 4 (n = 1) and 5 implants (n = 6) for a total amount of 34 implants. Implant locations were scanned by intra-oral scanner (IOS) using two types of scan bodies, conventional scan bodies (CSB) in group (1) and tooth-modified scan bodies (TMSB) in group (2). 68 implant positions (representing the total sample size) were captured and compared to the relative reference scans regarding angular and Euclidian deviation (ΔEUC).

Results

The ΔEUC deviation Of TMSB group had lower values (M = 61.46, SD = 42.12) than that Of CSB group (M = 97.97, SD = 56.69). This difference was statistically significant (p = .005), 95% Confidence interval. The angular deviation of TMSC group had lower values (M = 0.85, SD = 0.69) than that Of CSB group (M = 1.3, SD = 1.06) which was statistically significant (p = .033), 95% Confidence interval. There was a correlation between the type of Jaw and both angular and ΔEUC deviation of both groups, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion

A tooth-modified scan body (TMSB) may improve the ease and trueness of full-arch implant scanning, even in challenging mandibular arches.

Clinical trial registry date

Retrospectively registered in 20/ 12/ 2023.

Clinical trial registry number

NCT06177782.
Implementation processes and capacity-building needs in Ontario maternal-newborn care hospital settings: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Reszel Jessica , Daub Olivia , Dunn Sandra I. , Cassidy Christine E. , Hafizi Kaamel , Lightfoot Marnie , Pervez Dahlia , Quosdorf Ashley , Wood Allison , Graham Ian D.
Published: January 2025

Background

Maternal-newborn care does not always align with the best available evidence. Applying implementation science to change initiatives can help move evidence-informed practices into clinical settings. However, it remains unknown to what extent current implementation practices in maternal-newborn care align with recommendations from implementation science, and how confident nurses, other health professionals, and leaders are completing steps in the implementation process. We aimed to understand Ontario maternal-newborn teams’ (1) approaches to implementing practice changes and the extent to which their implementation processes aligned with an implementation science planned-action framework; and (2) perceptions of importance and confidence completing implementation activities.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey between September–November 2023. Using purposive sampling, we invited Ontario maternal-newborn nurses, other healthcare professionals, and leaders who had experience participating in or leading implementation projects to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was informed by an implementation science framework, which includes three core phases (identify issue; build solutions; implement, evaluate, sustain). The questions probed respondents’ perceptions of frequency of completion, importance, and confidence for each of the 28 implementation activities. We used descriptive statistics for the closed-ended questions and grouped the written responses into categories.

Results

We received 73 responses from 57 Ontario maternal-newborn hospitals, the majority being nurses in point-of-care and leadership roles. Nearly all respondents agreed that each of the 28 implementation activities were important. Respondents reported always completing a median of 8 out of 28 activities, with the number of activities completed declining from phase 1 through to 3. Most respondents indicated they were somewhat confident completing the implementation activities and agreed their teams would benefit from increasing their knowledge and skills to use an evidence-informed approach to implementing practice changes.

Conclusions

Despite viewing implementation activities as important, many teams are not consistently doing them and lack confidence, particularly in later phases of the implementation process. These findings inform where further capacity-building and supports may be needed to enable maternal-newborn nurses, other healthcare professionals, and leaders to apply implementation science to their change initiatives.
The development of a decision support tool in the prehospital setting for acute chest pain – a study protocol for an observational study (BRIAN2)
Authors: Lökholm Elin , Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Hammarsten Ola , Johansson Magnus , Hallin Kristoffer , Wibring Kristoffer
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for contacting the emergency medical services (EMS). It is difficult for EMS personnel to distinguish between patients suffering from a high-risk condition in need of prompt hospital care and patients suitable for non-conveyance. A vast majority of patients with chest pain are therefore transported to the emergency department (ED) for further investigation even if hospital care is not necessary. Improved prehospital assessment and risk stratification, thus accurately and safely identifying patients suitable for non-conveyance, could prevent unnecessary transport to the ED. This would reduce ED crowding and overburdening sparse EMS resources. It would thus also probably reduce healthcare costs. Little is known about the prehospital use of the 5th generation, i.e. high-sensitivity troponin analyses. The aim of this project is to develop an EMS decision support tool using high-sensitivity troponin I for risk assessment of chest pain patients.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study including adult unselected EMS patients with chest pain. Data is being collected from 20 May 2023 to 31 December 2025, aiming to include at least 2,000 patients. High-sensitivity troponin I is being analysed bedside using Siemens Healthineers Atellica VTLi. In addition to prehospital troponin I, data is being collected on patient medical history, onset, vital signs, symptoms, ECG and diagnosis at hospital discharge. Several statistical analyses (random forest, logistic regression, gradient boosting) will be conducted to identify the best model for identifying patients with low-risk conditions suitable for non-conveyance.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-01066-01 and 2022-06846-02). Patients are being informed about the study both orally and in writing. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and/or international conferences.

Registration details

The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05767619).
Land cover classification for Siberia leveraging diverse global land cover datasets
Authors: Beak Munseon , Ichii Kazuhito , Yamamoto Yuhei , Wang Ruci , Zhang Beichen , Sharma Ram C. , Hiyama Tetsuya
Published: January 2025

Understanding the land cover is crucial to comprehending the functioning of the Earth’s system. The land cover of Siberia is characterized by uncertainty because it is wide-ranging and comprises various classification types. However, comparisons among land cover products reveal substantial discrepancies and uncertainties. Therefore, a reliable land cover product for Siberia is necessary. In this study, we generated new land cover data for Siberia using random forest (RF) classifiers with global land cover datasets. To assess their accuracy and characteristics, we individually validated global land cover products in Siberia using multi-source sample datasets. We trained the RF classifiers with multiple land cover products to produce a more precise land cover product for Siberia. The validations showed that: (a) the generated new land cover data achieved the highest overall accuracy (85.04%) and kappa coefficient (82.62%); (b) the classifications of mixed forest (user accuracy: 97.85%) and grasses (user accuracy: 94.85%) demonstrated improvements, showing higher performance compared to most other types; and (c) by comparing the distribution of land cover across climate zones, we discovered that temperature is a critical factor throughout Siberia. However, in warm summer climates, precipitation plays a critical role in vegetation distribution. The more accurate and detailed land cover created in this study enhances the reliability of analyses in Siberia and fosters a deeper understanding of the impact of the carbon cycle.
Reconstruction of bottom water ventilation changes in the West Philippine Sea during the last glacial-interglacial period
Authors: Hsiung Wei-Cheng , Chang Yuan-Pin , Mii Horng-Sheng , Ikehara Ken , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Lin Hui-Ling
Published: January 2025

Global deep-water circulation plays a crucial role in regulating long-term carbon storage in both the ocean and atmosphere. During the last glacial period, it is reported that this circulation slowed down, causing glacial intermediate water to descend to depths of 2,000 m in the Pacific. This process is thought to be a key mechanism in restricting global deep-water circulation and reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during glacial periods. Conversely, the emergence of a potential deep-water formation zone in the northwestern Pacific during deglaciation adds complexity to these circulation patterns. Addressing the scarcity of sedimentary records in the subtropical western Pacific for paleoceanographic reconstruction, sediment core YK15-01 PC13 (23.5°N, 124.24°E; southeast of Ishigaki Island at a depth of 2,520 m) used in this study, collected in 2015. By analyzing coexisting planktonic and benthic foraminifera, we have reconstructed radiocarbon ventilation ages in this region since the last glacial maximum. Our findings, including ventilation age records compiled from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, reveal opposing deep-water circulation patterns from the last glacial to the interglacial period, including during the Heinrich Event 1 (HE1) and Younger Dryas (YD). This supports the theory of a seesaw-like oscillation in ocean circulation. Furthermore, the improved ventilation observed during HE1 and YD suggests a contribution from deep water formed in the high-latitude Pacific, influenced by cooler climate conditions. This glacial North Pacific deep water, likely confined to the northwestern Pacific, has left its mark in the subtropical western Pacific records. This research enhances our understanding of deep-water circulation interactions between the Atlantic and Pacific and contributes new insights into the role of northern Pacific deep water in influencing atmospheric carbon dioxide variations during the last deglaciation.
Analysing the financial innovation-based characteristics of stock market efficiency using fuzzy decision-making technique
Authors: Rahadian Dadan , Firli Anisah , Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Mikhaylov Alexey
Published: January 2025

Necessary actions should be taken to ensure stock market efficiency; thus, financial innovation-based criteria that affect stock market efficiency should be improved. However, simultaneously improving all criteria is difficult; therefore, performing priority analysis is important for carrying out this process effectively and efficiently. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the financial innovation-based characteristics of stock market efficiency. This study’s main research question within this framework is identifying which factors should be prioritized to improve the stock market. In this scope, we created a novel fuzzy decision-making model consisting of two stages. First, selected criteria for the financial innovation-based characteristics of stock market efficiency are weighted. In this process, quantum spherical fuzzy sets based on DEMATEL are considered. In the second stage, selected economies are ranked using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. This study’s main contribution is that the DEMATEL technique in calculating criterion weights in the decision-making analysis process provides some advantages. With the help of this situation, the causal directions between these items can be considered; thus, it is possible to determine the most accurate strategies. The findings demonstrate that providing tax advantages is the most important factor in ensuring stock market efficiency. Moreover, the excellence of the financial system is critical in ensuring stock market efficiency. In this context, it is possible to provide tax advantages, especially for long-term investments. Thus, long-term investments can be increased, significantly increasing the market’s stability.
Unconventional site of pacing for failed balloon valvotomy of prosthetic tricuspid valve: a case report
Authors: Newaskar Aditi , Nandipati Radha , Ganta Somasekhar , Dhulipalla Dharma Teja , Satish John , Nevali Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2025

Background

Conduction disturbances are a frequent occurrence after tricuspid valve surgeries, and their management is challenging.

Case presentation

We present a case of 16-year-old male patient who presented with episodes of presyncope. At the age of 7 years, he underwent tricuspid valve replacement surgery with a biological prosthesis for infective endocarditis sourced from a gluteal abscess. Post-operatively, he had complete atrioventricular block and underwent epicardial pacing. Epicardial lead impedance increased at follow-up and led to failure of pacing. At the time of presentation he had prosthetic tricuspid valve dysfunction with increased gradients. We did tricuspid valve balloon valvotomy but the gradients did not improve and patient developed tricuspid regurgitation. In view of difficulty in placing the lead through degenerated tricuspid valve, we have decided to place the lead in coronary sinus. He underwent successful lead placement in posterolateral tributary of coronary sinus with acceptable parameters. He had an uneventful follow-up at 1 year.

Conclusion

TV surgeries create a unique problem for pacing. Coronary sinus pacing offers an effective alternative to conventional RV pacing in such cases.
Prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in Egyptian patients
Authors: Gadallah Abdelnaser , Shayeb El Sayed El , Hisham Basma , Abdou Asmaa Gaber , Abdalla Ezzat
Published: January 2025

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by diverse symptoms and lesions impacting the esophagus and adjacent regions, resulting from the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has become a significant alternative diagnosis for persons with persistent GERD symptoms. This study aims to assess the prevalence of EoE in Egyptian patients who inadequately react to GERD treatments.

Methods

Esophageal tissue samples were collected from all patients exhibiting persistent GERD symptoms. EoE was identified based on esophageal mucosal biopsies showing at least 15 eosinophils per high-power field (HPF) and symptoms suggestive of esophageal dysfunction, following the exclusion of other causes of eosinophilia.

Results

Thirty hundred patients with persistent GERD symptoms were included in this study. These patients were divided into two groups: those diagnosed with EoE (n = 12) and those without this condition (n = 288). Dysphagia (p = 0.012), occult blood in stool (p = 0.024) and H. pylori antigen (p = 0.013) were significantly in favour of patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and these factors were predictors of eosinophilic oesophagitis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) among Egyptian patients with refractory GERD was found to be 4%, indicating that EoE is relatively uncommon type of esophagitis. EoE showed a notable association with dysphagia, occult blood in stool and Hpylori infection which are considered predictors of this type of esophagitis.
Predictors of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: by videostroboscopy
Authors: N. Manoj Kumar , S.R. Rajiv , Nagaraj T. M. , S. Sweta , K. Ramya , N. Pavitra
Published: January 2025

Background

Thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly done surgery in otorhinolaryngology; hence, a pre-operative analysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve functions of laryngeal musculature is very important. A retrospective analysis was done to detect pre-operative external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) paresis and paralysis in patients undergoing thyroidectomy secondary to benign and malignant pathology and to outline the importance of stroboscope before all thyroid surgeries on 51 patients with thyroid pathologies, planned for thyroidectomy in a tertiary care center in a span of 2 years who underwent video-laryngeal stroboscope pre-operatively to detect pre-operative external branch of superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis and relationship with thyroid diagnosis.

Results

Thirty-six cases (70%) had normal findings, whereas 9 patients (18%) had EBSLN paresis and 6 cases (12%) had EBSLN paralysis. Signs suggestive of unilateral paresis and unilateral paralysis are asymmetry of folds, irregularity of vocal folds, incomplete glottic closure and mid phonatory gap, reduced mucosal wave pattern of affected vocal fold, reduced amplitude, paralyzed cords vertical plane was off level compared to normal, anterior bowing of vocal folds, tilting of anterior glottis to the affected side, concavity of vocal folds, and short and flaccid vocal folds.

Conclusion

Pre-operative stroboscope should be done in all cases who undergo thyroid surgery since it helps in identifying early paresis and palsy. Superior laryngeal nerve paresis and paralysis are relatively common but traditionally difficult to diagnose with certainty. Video laryngeal stroboscope is a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with suspected laryngeal paralysis and justifies an intrinsic relationship that exists between thyroid diseases and EBSLN paresis and paralysis which is related to local effects of the disease resulting in reduced stiffness in the paralyzed cord. The reliable predictors of worsening paresis are malignant lesions and suspected benign to malignant pathologies.
The effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the development of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: ultrasonographic assessment of intimal medial thickness and resistive index
Authors: Nasser Mohamed , Wadie Mary , Farid Alyaa , Amir Azza El
Published: January 2025

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating rheumatic condition that results in the dysfunction of multiple organs in the body. Atherosclerosis is a common occurrence in people with SLE and is exacerbated by an overabundant of various cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and their soluble receptors, such as soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNFR I) and soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) (known as SLE risk factors) and high concentrations of lipids (known as dyslipidemia risk factors). The intimal medial thickness (IMT) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a sonographic measurement that assesses the extent of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, the resistive index (RI) is primarily employed to evaluate the severity of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), but it is seldom utilized to estimate atherosclerosis in ICA. So, the objective of this study was to conduct retrospective cohort study among SLE patients to define which risk factor, inflammation or dyslipidemia, correlated with the development of atherosclerosis in SLE and which ultrasound assessment, CIMT or RI, is more useful in identifying atherosclerosis.

Results

TNF-α, sTNFR I, IL-6, and sIL-6R were significantly elevated (P < 0.0001) in SLE patients (n = 75) compared to the controls (n = 15); also, both CIMT and RI showed significant higher levels in patient’s group (P = 0.001 and 0.0025, respectively). Systemic lupus disease activity index (SLEDAI) (P = 0.002), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.025), CIMT (P = 0.00045), TNF-α (P < 0.0001), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), sTNFR I (P = 0.006), and sIL-6R (P < 0.0001) rates were significantly higher in atherosclerotic SLE patients (n = 27) than in non-atherosclerotic patients (n = 48). There were clear and meaningful positive correlations (r = 0.82, P = 0.003) observed between CIMT and SLEDAI, as well as between investigated cytokines and their soluble receptors. RI showed no significant differences between two studied groups of patients and also no significant correlations with the studied parameters except with age (r = 0.45, P = 0.035).

Conclusion

Inflammation is a more prevalent cause of atherosclerosis than dyslipidemia in SLE, thereby making it a recognized risk factor for SLE. In comparison to RI, CIMT is a valuable sonographic measure for identifying incidence of atherosclerosis.
Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in overcoming chemotherapy resistance in cancer
Authors: Gu Yixiang , Yang Ruifeng , Zhang Yang , Guo Miaomiao , Takehiro Kyle , Zhan Ming , Yang Linhua , Wang Hui
Published: January 2025

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally and a major health burden, with chemotherapy often serving as the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage disease, partially compensating for the limitations of non-curative treatments. However, the emergence of chemotherapy resistance significantly limits its efficacy, posing a major clinical challenge. Moreover, heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms across cancer types complicates the development of universally effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and identifying strategies to overcome it are current research focal points. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the key molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, including drug efflux, enhanced DNA damage repair (DDR), apoptosis evasion, epigenetic modifications, altered intracellular drug metabolism, and the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We also examine specific causes of resistance in major cancer types and highlight various molecular targets involved in resistance. Finally, we discuss current strategies aiming at overcoming chemotherapy resistance, such as combination therapies, targeted treatments, and novel drug delivery systems, while proposing future directions for research in this evolving field. By addressing these molecular barriers, this review lays a foundation for the development of more effective cancer therapies aimed at mitigating chemotherapy resistance.
Beyond comorbidities: metabolic dysfunction as a root cause of neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Palmer Christopher M.
Published: January 2025

Metabolic dysfunction has been long associated with severe mental illness (SMI), often viewed as a comorbidity to be managed. However, emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction, particularly at the mitochondrial level, may be a foundational element in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. This commentary expands on the current understanding by exploring the brain energy theory of mental illness, which posits that mitochondrial dysfunction is central to both metabolic and psychiatric conditions. The roles of insulin resistance, chronic stress and environmental factors are highlighted as shared biopsychosocial determinants that contribute to deterioration in both metabolic and mental health. The therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet is discussed, particularly its ability to improve mitochondrial function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms. This shift in perspective, from viewing metabolic dysfunction as a secondary concern to recognising it as a root cause of SMI, has significant implications for clinical practice and research. By focusing on bioenergetic deficits and mitochondrial health, psychiatry may advance towards more effective, integrated treatment approaches that target the underlying cellular dysfunctions driving both metabolic and mental illnesses.
Promethazine is not a good option to aid sleep quality, especially for people using psychiatric services
Authors: King Jacob D.
Published: January 2025

Promethazine, a sedating antihistamine, is widely and increasingly prescribed for patients reporting problems sleeping. In this Against the Stream article, the case is made that promethazine is not suitable as a sleep aid for people using mental health services, because it has no good evidence base, impedes with psychological and behavioural techniques that do improve sleep in the medium-long term, has underappreciated addictive and recreational-use potential, and an unacceptable side-effect profile. Alternatives to promethazine are described, notably the NICE first-line recommendation, cognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia.
Randomized Trial of Enhanced Versus Standard Navigation to Promote Timely Initiation of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Graboyes Evan M. , DeMass Reid , Sterba Katherine R. , Chera Bhisham S. , Kistner-Griffin Emily , Hill Elizabeth G. , McCay Jessica , Newman Jason G. , Albergotti W. Greer , Kejner Alex E. , Skoner Judith M. , Harper Jennifer L. , Kaczmar John , Lee Byung Joo , Zimmerman Savannah A. , Warren Graham W. , Alberg Anthony J. , Calhoun Elizabeth A. , Nussenbaum Brian , Hughes Halbert Chanita
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE

National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines recommend initiating postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) within 6 weeks of surgery for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but delays affect 50% of patients, disproportionately burden minoritized groups, and contribute to worse oncologic outcomes. This trial evaluates the efficacy of Navigation for Disparities and Untimely Radiation thErapy (NDURE), an enhanced navigation-based intervention, relative to usual care (UC) patient navigation for starting timely PORT.

METHODS

Adults with locally advanced HNSCC planning to undergo surgery and PORT were randomly assigned 1:1 to standard multidisciplinary head and neck oncology care and either NDURE, a multilevel navigation-based intervention to enhance key processes of care and overcome barriers to timely PORT, or UC, which consisted of standard patient navigation. The primary end point, initiation of timely PORT, defined as ≤6 weeks after surgery, was evaluated using a generalized linear model binary regression with identity link, adjusting for random assignment stratification variables (race, predicted PORT location). Secondary end points were time to PORT (TTP) and treatment package time (TPT; the time from surgery to PORT completion).

RESULTS

Among 176 eligible patients randomly assigned to NDURE (n = 88) or UC (n = 88), 145 (NDURE, n = 67; UC, n = 78) underwent surgery, had a pathologic indication for PORT, and were evaluable for the primary end point. NDURE improved initiation of timely PORT relative to UC (model-based initiation of timely PORT, 74%
v
39%; risk difference, 35% [90% CI, 23 to 48]). NDURE increased the rate of PORT initiation (TTP hazard ratio [HR], 1.82 [90% CI, 1.32 to 2.50]) and treatment package completion (TPT HR, 1.67 [90% CI, 1.22 to 2.29]) relative to UC.

CONCLUSION

In this randomized clinical trial of patients with HNSCC undergoing surgery and PORT, NDURE improved initiation of timely PORT, TTP, and TPT.
The interaction between brain-based learning strategies and patterns of infographics and its influence on the development of information concepts among Saudi undergraduate cybersecurity students
Authors: Daif-Allah Ayman Sabry , Mohammed Yasser Shabaan Abdelaziz
Published: January 2025

The study reported in this paper investigates the impact of the interaction between brain-based learning strategies (spaced repetition and distributed practice - mental models) and patterns of infographics (static/animated) in e-learning environments and its impact on the development of informational concepts among cybersecurity students. The authors collected quantitative data by means of Information Concept Test to determine the levels of information concepts according to the Frayer model (1969). The research sample consists of 80 male and female undergraduate students in Qassim University. The authors classified the participants into four quasi-experimental groups according to their preferred patterns in the infographic. Quantitative analysis of findings from this study shows an effect for the interaction between the variables of brain-based learning strategies (spaced repetition and distributed practice - mental models) and patterns of infographics (static/animated) in e-learning environments in the test scores of information concepts in the post-administration, where the significance level (.011) is less than the significance level (0.05). Findings also revealed that the repetition of information at increasing intervals of time using the infographics is effective to learning concepts in an organized manner and to improving short memory. Furthermore, the mental model’s strategy also helped to retain information. The study recommends encouraging the use of brain-based learning strategies and patterns of infographics (static/animated) in e-learning environments to explore the relationships between different scientific concepts, to expand students’ knowledge, and to discover inter-relationships between different subject elements. The study provides a platform for further research to employ different brain-based learning strategies within e-learning environments to acquire higher-order thinking skills and improve students’ memory and mental capacity with the use of modern technological techniques that achieve learning quality.
Telemedicine services through “Telekyanmar online clinics” following the military coup in Myanmar: Clients’ and providers’ satisfaction
Authors: Mon MM , Tun Laxus , Soe HM , Kyaw PP , Thant Kyaw Soe , Kyaw Yibo , Myint Htet Myat
Published: January 2025

Background Telekyanmar (Telehealth), one of the telemedicine services in Myanmar, was initiated a few months after the military coup and amidst the onset of the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The program aims to address the urgent requirement for accessible medical services for Myanmar’s vulnerable population. Given the critical importance of both clients’ and providers’ satisfaction in the success of telemedicine services, this study aims to evaluate clients’ and providers’ satisfaction regarding the telehealth services offered by the Telekyanmar project in Myanmar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to September 2023 by utilizing a quantitative research method. Data were collected online through a structured questionnaire. The clients who have received health care services and clinicians who are working at Telekyanmar clinics during the study period were included in the study. Data management and analysis were done by using R software (https://www.r-project.org/). Results A total of 306 clients and 79 clinicians were included in the assessment. The mean age of the clients and clinicians were 33.2±13.6 years and 35.6±6.8 years, respectively. Over 85% of the clients and 58.2% of clinicians were residing inside the country. Clients’ satisfaction on various aspects of Telekyanmar services were assessed, with the question regarding “health staff respect for privacy” receiving the highest proportion of “good” and “excellent” responses at 96.1%. Regarding overall treatment experience, 96.7% of clients reported being “very satisfied” and “satisfied” with the Telekyanmar services. Overall satisfaction was reported by 88.6% of clinicians. Specifically, over 87% of clinicians reported their satisfaction on “communication with patients”, 79.7% satisfied with “quality of clinical consultation”, and 78.5% satisfied with “treatment prescription”. Conclusions The findings indicated that majority of the clients and clinicians expressed their satisfaction with the Telekyanmar services, which was established to address the healthcare needs of people in Myanmar after the military coup.
A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for TAF15 (UniProt ID: Q92804) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Ruíz Moleón Vera , Alende Charles , Fotouhi Maryam , Ayoubi Riham , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group,   ABIF consortium
Published: January 2025

TAF15 (TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 15) is a member of the FET protein family, known for their roles in transcriptional regulation and RNA metabolism. Here we have characterized five TAF15 commercial antibodies for western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. These studies are part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
Effects of psychological conditions and changes on smoking cessation success after a residential smoking cessation therapy program: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kim Gyu Lee , Yi Yu Hyeon , Lee Jeong Gyu , Tak Young Jin , Lee Seung Hun , Ra Young Jin , Lee Sang Yeoup , Cho Young Hye , Park Eun Ju , Lee Youngin , Choi Jung In
Published: January 2025

Background: Residential smoking cessation therapy programs offer intensive treatment for heavy smokers who struggle to quit independently, particularly those with high nicotine dependence and health conditions that necessitate urgent cessation. While previous studies have established the effectiveness of such programs and identified various factors influencing smoking cessation success, it remains unclear how changes in smokers’ thoughts and attitudes following residential therapy correlate with their ability to quit smoking. We investigated the relationship between smoking cessation-related characteristics, smoking-related psychological status, and participants’ smoking cessation success after a residential smoking cessation therapy program.Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, 291 participants completed the program. All participants completed questionnaires on smoking cessation-related characteristics and smoking-related psychological status before the program and on the 5th day. Six months later, smoking cessation success was assessed using a urine cotinine test.Results: After 6 months, 222 participants successfully quit smoking, while 69 failed. The success and failure groups exhibited statistically significant differences in age, marital status, total smoking duration, stress, and emotion regulation strategies. Participants who used ineffective emotion regulation strategies more frequently had a lower rate of smoking cessation success (odds ratio [OR], 0.969; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.948–0.991). Moreover, an increase in the perception of the negative effects of smoking cessation (OR, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.967–0.997) and smoking temptation (OR, 0.960; 95% CI, 0.929–0.993) was associated with higher cessation success. Conclusion: Emotion regulation strategies, perceptions of the effects of smoking cessation, and smoking temptation were associated with successful smoking cessation.