bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polypropylene nanoplastic exposure leads to lung inflammation through p38-mediated NF-κB pathway due to mitochondrial damage
Authors: Woo Jong-Hwan , Seo Hyeon Jin , Lee Jun-Young , Lee Iljung , Jeon Kisoo , Kim Bumseok , Lee Kyuhong
Published: January 2023

Background

Polypropylene (PP) is used in various products such as disposable containers, spoons, and automobile parts. The disposable masks used for COVID-19 prevention mainly comprise PP, and the disposal of such masks is concerning because of the potential environmental pollution. Recent reports have suggested that weathered PP microparticles can be inhaled, however, the inhalation toxicology of PP microparticles is poorly understood.

Results

Inflammatory cell numbers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in PP-instilled mice (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) increased significantly compared to with those in the control. Histopathological analysis of the lung tissue of PP-stimulated mice revealed lung injuries, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the perivascular/parenchymal space, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and foamy macrophage aggregates. The in vitro study indicated that PP stimulation causes mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial depolarization and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. PP stimulation led to cytotoxicity, ROS production, increase of inflammatory cytokines, and cell deaths in A549 cells. The results showed that PP stimulation increased the p-p38 and p-NF-κB protein levels both in vivo and in vitro, while p-ERK and p-JNK remained unchanged. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity that was induced by PP exposure was regulated by p38 and ROS inhibition in A549 cells.

Conclusions

These results suggest that PP stimulation may contribute to inflammation pathogenesis via the p38 phosphorylation-mediated NF-κB pathway as a result of mitochondrial damage.
Belief that addiction is a discrete category is a stronger correlate with stigma than the belief that addiction is biologically based
Authors: Siddiqui Hasan , Rutherford M. D.
Published: January 2023

Background

Drug addiction is stigmatized, and this stigma contributes to poor outcomes for individuals with addiction. Researchers have argued that providing genetic explanations of addiction will reduce stigma, but there has been limited research testing this prediction.

Methods

We presented participants (N = 252) with news articles that either provided genetic or anti-genetic explanations of addiction.

Results

There was no effect of article condition on stigma. Participants’ biological essentialism correlated with stigma in the context of both opioid and methamphetamine addiction. However, participants’ non-biological essentialism was a significantly stronger correlate with stigma.

Conclusions

This suggests that other essentialist beliefs, like belief that categories are discrete, may be more useful than biological essentialism for understanding addiction stigma.
Longitudinal association between interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior among Chinese adolescents: testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Ye Wan-Yu , Dou Kai , Wang Lin-Xin , Lin Xiao-Qi , Zhang Ming-Chen
Published: January 2023

Background

The interparental conflict has been associated with an increased adolescents’ engagement in risk-taking behaviors. However, few studies have examined the potential mediation of deviant peer affiliation and the potential moderation of school climate. Grounded in the ecological system theory, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation and the moderating role of school climate between the association of interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior.

Methods

This study conducted a longitudinal design (3 time points, 3 months apart) with the sample comprising 550 middle school students in southeastern China (52.91% males; mean age at Time 1 = 15.37). The performed measurements encompassed interparental conflict (T1), deviant peer affiliation (T2), school climate (T3), risk-taking behavior (T1/T2/T3), and demographic information.

Results

The moderated mediation model revealed that after controlling for T1/T2 risk-taking behavior, T1 interparental conflict was longitudinally and positively correlated with T3 risk-taking behavior through T2 deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that a positive school climate ameliorated the adverse impact of deviant peer affiliation on risk-taking behavior, thereby mitigating the indirect effect of interparental conflict on risk-taking behavior among adolescents.

Conclusions

Our findings propose a nuanced explanation of the processing mechanisms between interparental conflict and risk-taking behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Dose fractionation of CAR-T cells. A systematic review of clinical outcomes
Authors: Frigault Matthew , Rotte Anand , Ansari Ayub , Gliner Bradford , Heery Christopher , Shah Bijal
Published: January 2023

CAR-T cells are widely recognized for their potential to successfully treat hematologic cancers and provide durable response. However, severe adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity are concerning. Our goal is to assess CAR-T cell clinical trial publications to address the question of whether administration of CAR-T cells as dose fractions reduces toxicity without adversely affecting efficacy. Systematic literature review of studies published between January 2010 and May 2022 was performed on PubMed and Embase to search clinical studies that evaluated CAR-T cells for hematologic cancers. Studies published in English were considered. Studies in children (age < 18), solid tumors, bispecific CAR-T cells, and CAR-T cell cocktails were excluded. Data was extracted from the studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review identified a total of 18 studies that used dose fractionation. Six studies used 2-day dosing schemes and 12 studies used 3-day schemes to administer CAR-T cells. Three studies had both single dose and fractionated dose cohorts. Lower incidence of Grade ≥ 3 CRS and neurotoxicity was seen in fractionated dose cohorts in 2 studies, whereas 1 study reported no difference between single and fractionated dose cohorts. Dose fractionation was mainly recommended for high tumor burden patients. Efficacy of CAR-T cells in fractionated dose was comparable to single dose regimen within the same or historical trial of the same agent in all the studies. The findings suggest that administering dose fractions of CAR-T cells over 2–3 days instead of single dose infusion may mitigate the toxicity of CAR-T cell therapy including CRS and neurotoxicity, especially in patients with high tumor burden. However, controlled studies are likely needed to confirm the benefits of dose fractionation.
Parvimonas micra activates the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway by upregulating miR-218-5p to promote colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Chang Yuxiao , Huang Ziran , Hou Fengyi , Liu Yuejiao , Wang Likun , Wang Zhen , Sun Yifan , Pan Zhiyuan , Tan Yafang , Ding Lei , Gao Hong , Yang Ruifu , Bi Yujing
Published: January 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and a strong relationship exists between CRC and gut microbiota, which affects the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cancer. Bioinformatics-based analyses revealed that the abundance of Parvimonas micra (P. micra) in the feces of patients with cancer is significantly higher than that in healthy people. Therefore, an important relationship may exist between P. micra and CRC.

Methods

We first confirmed that P. micra can promote the proliferation of cell lines through cell experiments and mouse models. Then we selected the signaling pathways and content of exosomes to promote the development of CRC by transcriptomics and microRNA sequencing. Finally, we confirmed that P. micra promoted CRC development through miR-218-5p/Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway through the in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Results

First, it was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments that P. micra can promote the development of CRC. Transcriptome analysis after the coincubation of bacteria and cells revealed that P. micra promoted cell proliferation by activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway. Furthermore, microRNA sequencing analysis of the cells and exosomes showed that miR-218-5p and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor R (PTPRR) were the key factors involved in activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway, and the miR-218-5p inhibitor was used to confirm the role of microRNA in xenograft mice.

Conclusion

This experiment confirmed that P. micra promoted the development of CRC by upregulating miR-218-5p expression in cells and exosomes, inhibiting PTPRR expression, and ultimately activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos signaling pathway.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LncRNA BCAR4 promotes migration, invasion, and chemo-resistance by inhibiting miR-644a in breast cancer
Authors: Wu Tangwei , Li Xiaoyi , Yan Ge , Tan Zheqiong , Zhao Dan , Liu Shuiyi , Wang Hui , Xiang Yuan , Chen Weiqun , Lu Hongda , Liao Xinghua , Li Yong , Lu Zhongxin
Published: January 2023

Background

Metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer have become a barrier to treating patients successfully. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known as vital players in cancer development and progression. 

Methods

The RT-qPCR were used to detect the gene expression. Colony formation assay, would healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to investigate oncogenic functions of cells. CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell viability. Western blot was applied to detect the protein level. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the relationship between molecules. Mouse orthotopic xenograft tumor models were established to evaluate the effects of BCAR4 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. 

Results

LncRNA BCAR4 was significantly increased in breast cancer patients’ tissues and plasma and upregulated in breast cancer cell lines. BCAR4 upregulation was correlated with the TNM stages and decreased after surgical removal of breast tumors. Silencing of BCAR4 suppressed breast cancer cell colony formation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumor growth and promoted chemo-sensitivity. Mechanistically, BCAR4 facilitates breast cancer migration and invasion via the miR-644a-CCR7 axis of the MAPK pathway. BCAR4 promotes ABCB1 expression indirectly by binding to and down-regulating miR-644a to induce chemo-resistance in breast cancer.

Conclusions

Our findings provide insights into the oncogenic role of BCAR4 and implicate BCAR4 as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic agent to suppress metastasis and inhibit chemo-resistance of breast cancer.
Diagnostic performance of biomarker S100B and guideline adherence in routine care of mild head trauma
Authors: Faisal Mohammed , Vedin Tomas , Edelhamre Marcus , Forberg Jakob Lundager
Published: January 2023

Background

The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee (SNC) has recommended the use of serum S100B as a biomarker for mild low-risk Traumatic brain injuries (TBI). This study aimed to assess the adherence to the SNC guidelines in clinical practice and the diagnostic performance of S100B in patients with TBI. The aims of this study were to examine adherence to the SNC guideline and the diagnostic accuracy of serum protein S100B.

Methods

Data of consecutive patients of 18 years and above who presented to the emergency department (ED) at Helsingborg Hospital with isolated head injuries, were retrieved from hospital records. Patients with multitrauma, follow-up visits, and visits managed by a nurse without physician involvement were excluded.

Results

A total of 1671 patients were included of which 93 (5.6%) had intracranial hemorrhage. CT scans were performed in 62% of patients. S100B was measured in 26% of patients and 30% of all measurements targeted the low-risk mild head injuries indicated by the guideline. S100B's recommended cut-off value (≥ 0.10 µg/L) had a 100% sensitivity, 47% specificity, 10.1% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value—if applied to the target SNC category (SNC 4). If applied to all patients tested, the sensitivity was 93% for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH). Current ED practices were adherent to the SNC guideline in 55% of patients. Non-adherent practices occurred in 64% of patients with low-risk mild head injuries (SNC4) including overtesting or undertesting of S100B and CT scans.

Conclusion

Adherence to guidelines was low and associated with a higher admission rate than non-adherence practice but no significant increase in missed TICH or death associated with non-adherence to guideline was found. In routine care, we found that the sensitivity and NPV of serum protein S100B was excellent and safely ruled out TICH when measured in the patient category recommended by the guideline. However, measuring serum protein S100B in patients not recommended by the guideline rendered unacceptably low sensitivity with possible missed TICHs as a consequence. To further delineate the magnitude and impact of non-adherence, more studies are needed.
The rapid detection of respiratory pathogens in critically ill children
Authors: Clark John A. , Conway Morris Andrew , Curran Martin D. , White Deborah , Daubney Esther , Kean Iain R. L. , Navapurkar Vilas , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Maes Mailis , Bousfield Rachel , Török M. Estée , Inwald David , Zhang Zhenguang , Agrawal Shruti , Kanaris Constantinos , Khokhar Fahad , Gouliouris Theodore , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Respiratory infections are the most common reason for admission to paediatric intensive care units (PICU). Most patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) receive broad-spectrum antimicrobials, despite low rates of bacterial culture confirmation. Here, we evaluated a molecular diagnostic test for LRTI to inform the better use of antimicrobials.

Methods

The Rapid Assay for Sick Children with Acute Lung infection Study was a single-centre, prospective, observational cohort study of mechanically ventilated children (> 37/40 weeks corrected gestation to 18 years) with suspected community acquired or ventilator-associated LRTI. We evaluated the use of a 52-pathogen custom TaqMan Array Card (TAC) to identify pathogens in non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) samples. TAC results were compared to routine microbiology testing. Primary study outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of TAC, and time to result.

Results

We enrolled 100 patients, all of whom were tested with TAC and 91 of whom had matching culture samples. TAC had a sensitivity of 89.5% (95% confidence interval (CI95) 66.9–98.7) and specificity of 97.9% (CI95 97.2–98.5) compared to routine bacterial and fungal culture. TAC took a median 25.8 h (IQR 9.1–29.8 h) from sample collection to result. Culture was significantly slower: median 110.4 h (IQR 85.2–141.6 h) for a positive result and median 69.4 h (IQR 52.8–78.6) for a negative result.

Conclusions

TAC is a reliable and rapid adjunct diagnostic approach for LRTI in critically ill children, with the potential to aid early rationalisation of antimicrobial therapy.
The effect of governance on entrepreneurship: from all income economies perspective
Authors: Abegaz Mekonnen Bogale , Debela Kenenisa Lemi , Hundie Reta Megersa
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of governance indicators on Entrepreneurship. Explanatory research design with Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression models were applied. Five-year World Bank data (2014–2018) of 126 countries from all economic development levels were used. Worldwide governance indicators considered are voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and corruption control. Gross net income was taken as a control variable. To measure entrepreneurship, the number of formally registered limited liability businesses as a percentage of the working-age population, was used. To make highly skewed time series data of dependent variable (entrepreneurship) closer to normal, logarithmic transformation was made and heteroscedasticity of residuals was checked. The finding of Pearson correlation shows that there are moderate to strong significant correlations (0.466 ≤ r ≤ 0.806, p < 0.01) between predictors and the outcome variable. Predictor variables have moderate to very strong correlation among each other (0.506 ≤ r ≤ 0.956, p < 0.01). Regression analysis was computed after two highly collinear variables were dropped from the model using the variance inflation factor (VIF) test. The study found that the remaining four independent variables and the control variable predict 71.5% of the variance in the outcome variable. Except for voice and accountability, all predictors have their own statistically significant influence on entrepreneurship. Thus, working on each predictor up to the standard application can bring incremental changes in new business formation and entry. The researchers believe that this study is of significant interest to policymakers, program developers, entrepreneurs, analysis, and supporters, since it provides useful insight on how governance indicators influence entrepreneurship.
Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis
Authors: dos Santos Sabrina Braga , de Lara Machado Wagner , Fernandez Liana Lisboa , de Pádua Analuiza Camozatto , Hoffmann Sofia , Calvetti Prisla Ücker , Schaab Bruno Luis , Reppold Caroline Tozzi
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive.

Objective

The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory — BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs.

Results

Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p< 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression.

Conclusion

Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.
Analyzing complications and implementing solutions in a pediatric inguinal hernia cooperation program in Equatorial Guinea: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rodríguez de Alarcón García Jaime , Úbeda Pascual Amalia , Fanjul Gómez María , Morató Robert Pablo , Espinosa Góngora Rocío , Martínez García Ernesto , Román Guerrero Carlos , Abaga Abaga Santiago Jaime , Soto Beauregard Carmen
Published: January 2023

Background

Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of short-term medical missions. This study was aimed to evaluate complication rates and determine the effects of protocol changes in a pediatric inguinal hernia campaign in Equatorial Guinea and analyze post-operative follow-up capacity.

Methods

In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated two patient cohorts (group A, 2017–2018; group B, 2019) treated during campaigns in Equatorial Guinea for congenital inguinal pathology (hernia, hydrocele, and cryptorchidism). Patients aged < 18 years treated in referral campaigns were included. Complications occurring up to 6 months post-operatively were evaluated. Two stages were defined: Stage 1, wherein, complication rate in group A was compared to that in a control group from a tertiary hospital in Spain (with a case–control ratio of 1:2, paired according to age, sex and diagnosis); stage 2, wherein, complication rates between groups A and B were compared. Group B received a single dose of prophylactic amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Follow-up capacity was assessed through follow-up appointments.

Results

In stage 1, complication and surgical site infection (SSI) rates were 21.3% and 7.4% in group A (n = 94), and 5.8% (p < 0.001) and 0.5% (p = 0.012) in the control group, respectively. Group A had 20.2% loss-to-follow-up. In group B (n = 62), 6-month postoperative follow-up could not be assessed owing to restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so only early complications were considered in stage 2, were complication and surgical site infection rates were 18.1% and 7.4% in group A and 11.3% (p = 0.350) and 1.6% (p = 0.150) in group B.

Conclusion

Our results showed higher than expected complication rates. Pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic could not show to reduce SSI. Further studies are needed to reduce complication rates in these campaigns. Patient loss-to-follow-up ratio warrants considering new strategies.
Seismic deghosting using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Almuteri Khalid , Sava Paul
Published: January 2023

Ghost reflections deteriorate the quality of seismic data in towed-streamer acquisition, and various acquisition and processing solutions have been proposed to remove them from seismic data. A common issue with the proposed solutions is their limited ability to remove source-side ghosts because of the sparse source sampling. Satisfactory receiver-side deghosting solutions are facilitated by complementary measurements (e.g., particle motion data) for wavefield separation and also can be achieved using pressure data acquired at a single recording level only. We develop a solution based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to remove source- and receiver-side ghosts in the shot domain. The solution does not require complementary measurements, i.e., it can remove ghost reflections in conventional pressure data measured at a single recording level. Our method requires knowledge of the acquisition geometry to create training data that replicate the field acquisition geometry and require the ocean floor bathymetry to be known. A CNN learns to map ghost-contaminated gathers to corresponding ghost-free gathers through an iterative training process. We find that the CNN-based deghosting operator can remove ghost reflections from previously unseen data and demonstrate that the solution generalizes well when training is done on models unrelated to the actual field geology.
Deep learning-based attenuation for shear-wave leakage from ocean-bottom node data
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Song Peng , Tan Jun , He Bingshou , Xia Dongming , Wang Qianqian , Du Guoning
Published: January 2023

The high-amplitude shear wave in the z-component of ocean-bottom node (OBN) data challenges conventional seismic data imaging and interpretation. The process of shear-wave attenuation from the z-component data can be regarded as a coherent noise reduction problem. However, conventional noise attenuation methods, such as filtering or matching and subtraction, are time-consuming or have limited accuracy for field data processing. Unlike conventional methods with indirect feature recognition, pretrained neural networks provide end-to-end denoising frameworks by directly predicting and subtracting the shear-wave-free data from the original z-component data. Here, we have developed a deep learning-based method to address the shear-wave leakage problem and adopted a training set generation strategy based on the field data. Denoised z-component data are not needed to train the network. The generation of the training set and the extraction of noise features are based on the data of the x- and p-components. A residual learning strategy is introduced to extract the noise from the field data other than those in the training set. Synthetic examples confirm the excellent performance of our training set generation strategy. Field 4C OBN examples show that our method can attenuate shear-wave noise without harming the signals and, therefore, can be integrated into multicomponent field data processing.
An innovative and collaborative teaching approach to delivering mental health capabilities in the UK Foundation Programme Curriculum 2021
Authors: Lewis Fergus , Hall Ian , Polledri Luca
Published: January 2023

About 45% of foundation doctors in the UK now have a placement in psychiatry. However, the current UK Foundation Programme Curriculum states that all foundation doctors need to demonstrate basic mental health-related capabilities. To address this we developed a novel teaching approach to cover these new capabilities using principles of team-based learning (TBL). This can be delivered to all foundation doctors both face to face and online using case scenarios and in no more than 4 hours over the 2-year foundation programme. The approach can be easily be replicated, but collaboration between mental health and acute trusts is essential for delivery.
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Endocrine-Pretreated or Hormone Receptor–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Rapid Recommendation Update
Authors: Moy Beverly , Rumble R. Bryan , Carey Lisa A. ,   for the Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Endocrine-Pretreated or Hormone Receptor–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Expert Panel
Published: January 2023

ASCO Rapid Recommendations Updates highlight revisions to select ASCO guideline recommendations as a response to the emergence of new and practice-changing data. The rapid updates are supported by an evidence review and follow the guideline development processes outlined in the ASCO Guideline Methodology Manual. The goal of these articles is to disseminate updated recommendations, in a timely manner, to better inform health practitioners and the public on the best available cancer care options.
Clinician Communication With Patients About Cancer Misinformation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bylund Carma L. , Mullis Michaela D. , Alpert Jordan , Markham Merry Jennifer , Onega Tracy , Fisher Carla L. , Johnson Skyler B.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:

Clinicians regularly face conversations about information that patients have found online. Given the prevalence of misinformation, these conversations can include cancer-related misinformation, which is often harmful. Clinicians are in a key position as trusted sources of information to educate patients. However, there is no research on clinician-patient conversations about cancer-related misinformation. As a first step, the objective of this study was to describe how cancer clinicians report communicating with patients about online cancer misinformation.

METHODS:

We used convenience and snowball sampling to contact 59 cancer clinicians by e-mail. Contacted clinicians predominately worked at academic centers across the United States. Clinicians who agreed participated in semistructured interviews about communication in health care. For this study, we focused specifically on clinicians' experiences discussing online cancer-related misinformation with patients. We conducted a thematic analysis using a constant comparative approach to identify how clinicians address misinformation during clinical visits.

RESULTS:

Twenty-one cancer clinicians participated in the study. Nineteen were physicians, one was a physician assistant, and one was a nurse practitioner. The majority (62%) were female. We identified four themes that describe how cancer clinicians address misinformation: (1) work to understand the misinformation; (2) correct misinformation through education; (3) advise about future online searches, and (4) preserve the clinician-patient relationship.

CONCLUSION:

Our study identified four strategies that clinicians use to address online cancer-related misinformation with their patients. These findings provide a foundation for future research, allowing us to test these strategies in larger samples to examine their effectiveness.
Feasibility of an Individualized Dispensing Program for Patients Prescribed Oral Anticancer Drugs to Prevent Waste
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , van Vlijmen Bas , Colen Hadewig B.B. , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Desar Ingrid M.E. , van den Bemt Bart J.F. , Bekker Charlotte L.
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE:

Waste of oral anticancer drugs (OACDs) causes financial and environmental burdens. This study evaluates the feasibility of an individualized dispensing program to prevent waste of OACDs.

METHODS:

Adult patients were dispensed individualized quantities of niraparib, abiraterone, enzalutamide, ruxolitinib, osimertinib, or imatinib as standard care, during the first 6 months of treatment. The first 50 patients participated in an feasibility evaluation conform five domains of Bowen's Framework. (1) implementation: reach (eligible patients included) and protocol fidelity (executions following protocol) assessed from pharmacy data, (2) acceptability: rated from 1 to 10 and agreement with theoretical framework acceptability domains via a survey among patients and pharmacy technicians, (3) practicality: program's costs, (4) effect: compared with previous practice (full package supply per month), defined as difference in unused OACD unit doses and net cost-savings, and (5) demand: potential scale-up of the program by including more OACDs.

RESULTS:

Participants' median age was 67 (interquartile range [IQR], 58-71) years, and 76% was male. (1) Implementation: reach and protocol fidelity were 89% and 90%, respectively. (2) Acceptability was high among patients (median, 9; IQR, 8-9) and pharmacy technicians (median, 7; IQR, 6-8). All acceptability domains were agreed on. (3) Practicality: program costs were €4,289. (4) Effect: unused OACD unit doses were reduced by 34%, causing net cost-savings of €693 per discontinued patient. (5) Demand: the program could be scaled up to seven times by including all OACDs.

CONCLUSION:

Individualized dispensing for patients prescribed OACDs is feasible for preventing waste in terms of implementation, acceptability, practicality, effect, and demand.
Looking Beyond Th17 Cells: A Role for Th17.1 Cells in Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy?
Authors: Jiang Minmin , Fu Yu , Wang Ping , Yan Yan , Zhao Jingxiao , Wang Ying , Yan Shuxun
Published: January 2023

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an ordinary extrathyroid syndrome of Graves' disease (GD), is closely associated with immunity. T helper (Th) 17, Th1, and Th2 cells in Th lineages are thought to be related to the disease pathogenesis. Recently, there has been growing evidence that Th17.1 cells are involved in the development and progression of TAO. The characteristics of this pathology are similar to those of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, which secrete interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A. This paper reviews the potential role of the Th17.1 subgroup pathogenesis of TAO. The therapeutic effects of drugs that can modulate Th17.1 cell populations are also highlighted. Rich Th17.1 cells exist in peripheral blood and ocular tissues of patients suffering from thyroid eye disease (TED), especially those with severe or steroid-resistant TAO. The bias of Th17.1 cells to secrete cytokines partly determines the pathological outcome of TAO patients. Th17.1 cells are important in regulating fibrosis, adipocyte differentiation, and hyaluronic acid production. In summary, the Th17.1 subpopulation is essential in the onset and progression of TED, and targeting Th17.1 cell therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach.
GERAÇÃO DE VIAGENS: UMA ANÁLISE BIBLIOMÉTRICA
Authors: PEIXOTO DE GOUVEA LAURO ALAN , GRANDO GOLDNER LENISE
Published: January 2023

Nas últimas décadas, a mobilidade urbana tem se mostrado problemática em muitas cidades ao redor do mundo. Os deslocamentos diários das populações urbanas, tem se tornado mais demorados e a formação de congestionamentos é algo que faz parte da rotina dos grandes centros urbanos. Em decorrência disso tem ganhado importância os estudos referentes à Polos Geradores de Viagens (PGV’s), pois estes empreendimentos são peças-chave da mobilidade urbana por terem a condição tanto de agravar os congestionamentos já existentes, como também de mitigar este problema quando bem planejados e alocados em pontos estratégicos das cidades. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal contribuir para um maior entendimento sobre qual tem sido o direcionamento da produção cientifica alusiva a geração de viagens, etapa fundamental de qualquer estudo que aborde PGV’s. Para isso foi feita uma análise bibliométrica da literatura referente ao tema nos últimos vinte anos e como resultado, é apresentada a análise de 572 publicações, com a evolução quantitativa das mesmas, as contribuições por país, por instituição, por periódico e por pesquisador, além da análise das palavras-chave utilizadas nestes trabalhos. Após o estudo se pôde verificar que as pesquisas sobre geração de viagens estão em ascensão e que os Estados Unidos é disparadamente o país com mais publicações sobre o tema.
IMPLICAÇÕES DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE PISOS DE FRETE DO TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO NA LOGÍSTICA DE FERTILIZANTES NO BRASIL
Authors: MALUF DE LIMA LILIAN , GUILHERME PÉRA THIAGO , CAIXETA FILHO JOSÉ VICENTE
Published: January 2023

A produção agrícola brasileira vem se expandindo e intensificando o uso de insumos como meio de ampliação da produtividade. Dentre esses insumos, destaque-se os fertilizantes, atuantes como componentes representativos nos custos de produção de uma série de cargas agrícolas brasileiras. Tais custos variam de maneira intensa ao longo do ano em função da sazonalidade, com tendência de queda durante a colheita das lavouras que permitem que o fertilizante utilize fretes de retorno e, com tendência para alta durante o período imediatamente anterior ao plantio. Somado a isso, manifestações frente ao preço dos combustíveis que ocorreram em maio/2018 geraram mudanças importantes nos preços dos fretes no Brasil, acarretando o estabelecimento da Política Nacional de Pisos Mínimos do Transporte Rodoviário de Cargas (Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres [ANTT], 2018). Nesta dinâmica, a variação sazonal é discutida no período da colheita de grãos, onde o frete de retorno de fertilizantes apresenta destaque. Os principais resultados incluem o detalhamento dos efeitos dos corredores de transporte de fertilizantes, da respectiva sazonalidade, da distância percorrida, do preço do diesel e do impacto positivo (13,84%) nos fretes provocados pela Política de Pisos Mínimos.
Practical tips for navigating a program director transition
Authors: Gisondi Michael A. , Hopson Laura , Regan Linda , Branzetti Jeremy
Published: January 2023

Residency and fellowship program directors profoundly impact trainees, institutions, and patient safety. Yet, there is concern for rapid attrition in the role. The average program director tenure is only 4-7 years, and that timeline is likely a result of burnout or opportunities for career advancement. Program director transitions must be carefully executed to ensure minimal disruption to the program. Transitions benefit from clear communication with trainees and other stakeholders, well-planned successions or searches for a replacement, and clearly delineated expectations and responsibilities of the outgoing program director. In this Practical Tips, four former residency program directors offer a roadmap for a successful program director transition, with specific recommendations to guide critical decisions and steps in the process. Themes emphasized include readiness for a transition, communication strategies, alignment of program mission and search efforts, and anticipatory support to ensure the success of the new director.
Visual diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women from hand-held colposcopy: agreement of expert image review
Authors: Sturt Amy , Bristowe Henrietta , Webb Emily , Hansingo Isaiah , Phiri Comfort , Mudenda Maina , Mapani Joyce , Mweene Tobias , Levecke Bruno , Cools Piet , van Dam Govert , Corstjens Paul , Ayles Helen , Hayes Richard , Francis Suzanna , van Lieshout Lisette , Vwalika Bellington , Kjetland Eyrun , Bustinduy Amaya
Published: January 2023

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) can occur in S. haematobium infection and is caused by parasite egg deposition in the genital tract. Confirming a diagnosis of FGS is challenging due to the lack of a diagnostic reference standard. A 2010 expert-led consensus meeting proposed visual inspection of the cervicovaginal mucosa as an adequate reference standard for FGS diagnosis. The agreement of expert human reviewers for visual-FGS has not been previously described.

Methods:

In two Zambian communities, non-menstruating, non-pregnant, sexually-active women aged 18-31 years participating in the HPTN 071 (PopART) Population-Cohort were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Self-collected genital swabs and a urine specimen were collected at a home visit; trained midwives performed CVL and hand-held colposcopy at a clinic visit. S. haematobium eggs and circulating anodic antigen (CAA) were detected from urine. Two expert reviewers independently diagnosed visual-FGS as the presence of sandy patches, rubbery papules or abnormal blood vessels in digital cervicovaginal images obtained by hand-held colposcopy. PCR-FGS was defined as Schistosoma DNA detected by real-time PCR in any genital specimen (CVL or genital swab).

Results:

Of 527 women with cervicovaginal colposcopic images, 468/527 (88.8%) were deemed interpretable by Reviewer 1 and 417/527 (79.1%) by Reviewer 2. Visual-FGS was detected in 35.3% (165/468) of participants by expert review of colposcopic images by Reviewer 1 and in 63.6% (265/417) by Reviewer 2. Cohen’s kappa statistic for agreement between the two expert reviewers was 0.16, corresponding to "slight" agreement. The reviewers made concordant diagnoses in 38.7% (204/527) participants (100 negative, 104 positive) and discordant diagnoses in 31.8% (168/527) participants.

Conclusions: The unexpectedly low level of correlation between expert reviewers highlights the imperfect nature of visual diagnosis for FGS based on cervicovaginal images obtained with a hand-held colposcope. This finding is a call to action for improved point-of-care diagnostics for female genital schistosomiasis
Principles of constructing geometric models of nanoclusters along a tetrahedral line
Authors: Kononov P. , Kononova I. , Moroz O.
Published: January 2023

In connection with the development of new methods of nanotechnology, the article discusses the features of the morphology of nanoobjects that determine the relevance of the modernization of the training of undergraduates in the study of the disciplines «Nanomaterial Science», «Nanotechnology», «Descriptive geometry, engineering and computer graphics» and «Computer modeling».

Recently, the concept of «cluster» has become relevant due to the trend in the development of nanomaterials. Such nanomaterials obtained using unconventional growth mechanisms (including oriented attachment) are extremely interesting in the field of electronics, photonics and are of great interest for catalysis.

The article considers homoatomic clusters constructed from identical structural units. The desire to minimize energy is expressed in the tendency to the densest arrangement of structural units in the cluster. This allows us to assert that cluster structures with the maximum number of connections per structural unit will be the most stable; that clusters tend to a quasi-spherical shape (i.e., cluster sizes along three Cartesian axes should be close if possible, while dense structures are formed, the surface of which is minimal, and the number of connections is maximum); that clusters with higher symmetry are preferable (identical structural units composing the cluster framework should strive to stay in an indistinguishable state and position from each other).

The work applies the knowledge and skills laid down by students in the course of engineering and computer graphics to the study of the patterns of processes in the nanowire on the example of the principles of building nanoclusters along a tetrahedral line using three-dimensional modeling in the Autodesk 3ds Max environment. Visualization and visual representation of geometric images of nanoclusters will allow students to avoid a primitive geometric representation of nanoobjects and will serve as motivation to study other natural science subjects.

The content of the article is intended for specialists working in the fields of nanotechnology, solid-state electronics, micro- and nanoelectronics, micro- and nanosystem technology, thin-film sensors.
Reverse engineering is an effective tool for teaching engineering graphics
Authors: Verhoturova E. , Pronin S. , Ivaschenko G.
Published: January 2023

This study proposes the introduction of reverse engineering technology into a graphic workshop in the discipline «Engineering Graphics». The purpose of this study was the scientific and methodological substantiation of the need to use reverse engineering in the methodology of teaching engineering graphics. The article considers the concept of «reverse engineering», its application for solving engineering problems and in the educational process. It is shown that reverse engineering of a part and a sketch of a part are used in solving issues of production organization, in pilot production, repair and other cases, to solve similar and sometimes identical engineering problems. It has been suggested that the technology of reverse engineering in production conditions can replace the function of sketching a part. In the educational process for some areas of training, it is proposed to consider reverse engineering of the part in addition to the topic “part sketch”. A comparison is made of the use of reverse engineering technology and part sketching to solve the engineering problem of obtaining a three-dimensional digital model of a part. As part of the educational process, it is proposed to consider it as a situational or complex task. The scientific and methodological substantiation of the need to use reverse engineering in the methodology of teaching engineering graphics is based on the results of the experiment, which included parallel operations of reverse engineering and part sketching.
The Covid 19 pandemic and the attitudes of consumers of agritourism farms towards health and physical activity
Authors: Poczta Joanna Martyna
Published: January 2023

The Covid 19 pandemic had a negative impact on various spheres of human life and the economy. Among them, tourism is mentioned, and mass tourism in particular. However, agritourism activity as a branch of the tourism sector is specific. Therefore, from the scientific and practical point of view, it turned out to be important to examine its impact on the behavior of consumers of agritourism services. From the point of view of tourists, agritourism has become an alternative to large clusters of people in popular, well-known, crowded destinations. Therefore, the following research questions arose: have the preferences of tourists regarding the place of rest changed under the influence of the Covid 19 pandemic and have the behavior of consumers of agritourism services changed in the context of physical activity and approach to health? The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of Covid 19 pandemic on consumers of agricultural farms in the context of health and physical activity in the hosts opinion. Research using the diagnostic survey method was carried out among the hosts of 60 agritourism farms in the Greater Poland Voivodeship in 2022. The results showed that although the hosts noticed a greater interest in agritourism and leisure in rural areas, they did not notice an increase in interest in physical activity and care for the health of their guests in connection with the Covid 19 pandemic.
Enseñanza en contextos de privación de libertad: herramientas para la comprensión lectora.
Authors: Junyent Andrea , Chang Lidia
Published: January 2023

Se presenta el desarrollo de talleres de comprensión y producción de textos para alumnos en contextos de privación de la libertad que cursan el Ciclo Básico Común de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, y una propuesta de actividades, dirigida al cuerpo docente, para trabajar la comprensión lectora con grupos de estudiantes en esta situación, construida a partir de dicha experiencia. Por un lado, la propuesta se fundamenta en el enfoque de Enseñanza del Español como Lengua Segunda y Extranjera, para el cual dominar el español académico requiere el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. Por otro lado, la propuesta emplea herramientas del Enfoque Simple de la Lectura y Habilidades Clave del Lenguaje Académico para identificar habilidades de comprensión lectora y trabajar con ellas. El Enfoque Simple de la Lectura explica el desempeño lector a partir de la decodificación y la comprensión lingüística, habilidades que permiten construir el significado de un texto. Las actividades aquí propuestas se centran en la decodificación y la comprensión lingüística —específicamente en la organización global del texto, el vocabulario (la amplitud, la profundidad y la precisión léxicas) y la interpretación de conectores lógicos—. Las actividades buscan ser útiles a los docentes que trabajan la comprensión lectora de español académico con alumnado de características similares
Diseño, validación y usabilidad de un aplicativo móvil para la enseñanza de electrocardiografía
Authors: Ximena Ramos Garzón Judy
Published: January 2023

El electrocardiograma (ECG) es el principal medio diagnóstico para identificar las alteraciones en la conducción eléctrica del corazón. Por lo tanto, interpretar correctamente el ECG es una competencia esencial pero altamente compleja para los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Con el objetivo de facilitar el aprendizaje de electrocardiografía en nuestros estudiantes, se desarrolló un aplicativo móvil de acceso gratuito y contenido validado. El proceso de creación se completó en cuatro fases: creación de contenidos, validación con expertos, desarrollo del software y prueba de usabilidad. El contenido fue validado por cinco expertos, alcanzando un coeficiente de validez de contenido de .91 en claridad, .95 en precisión y .97 en relevancia. La prueba de usabilidad se realizó aplicando la versión en español del Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) a 33 sujetos del programa de enfermería, quienes puntuaron: calidad del sistema 6.41/7, calidad de la información 6.07/7, calidad de la interfaz 6.55/7 y la satisfacción general 6.52/7. El ECG para enfermería consta de cuatro módulos de aprendizaje y un simulador del ritmo cardiaco para la identificación de las principales arritmias. Se publicó en 2021 y ha llegado a más de cuarenta países.