bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transforming Streets into Public Spaces Using Menged Le Sew as a Driver
Authors: Mekonnen Anteneh Afework , Ogunkunbi Gabriel Ayobami
Published: April 2024

Addis Ababa, the traffic-choked capital of Ethiopia with an ever-growing population, faces an urban crisis regarding road safety and mobility in recent years. To tackle these challenges, the government of Ethiopia and collaborative stakeholders launched a movement called Menged Le Sew (Streets for People), which takes place once a month since December 2018 in Addis Ababa and a few other cities in Ethiopia. The government's strategy to restrict cars once a month gives people an opportunity to reclaim public spaces. Residents of the cities use the open streets for different activities such as, participating in various sports, exercising, health campaigns, active mobility, and serving as a playground for children. To further promote the campaign nationwide and increase its longevity and aimed at serving as a guidebook for stakeholders organizing similar Menged Le Sew events, a toolkit was recently developed and launched by the Addis Ababa Traffic Management Agency and the World Resources Institute, Africa. However, the complexity of urban mobility, rising urbanization, and cross-sectoral interdependence necessitate a management strategy that blends new forms of governance and cooperation while emphasizing public participation to find and execute strategies to promote systemic change. Even though the movement has already started bearing fruit, to make the gains more sustainable and to race with the extremely growing mobility and urbanization challenges, this paper suggests a new framework and strategies of street experiments, taking the already existing and widely accepted movement (Menged Le Sew) as a potential ground. The study introduces the urbanization and mobility crisis in the country, then discusses the context of car-free days as a pathway for the sociotechnical transition towards sustainable mobility and proposes a framework for the actualization of this transition.
Inclusive Environment
Authors: Babere Nelly John , Mvungi Hillary Julius
Published: April 2024

Some people are left out of their community because of matters they have no control over. Some are excluded from the built environment because of their age, ethnicity, race, disability or migrant status. The “right to the city” concept provides an arena for the discussion of the inclusiveness of disabled and aging population in the built environment. Dar es Salaam city provides an exemplary case of a city excluding disabled and/or older people, confining them in their homes. This qualitative study investigates how being unable to access services within the built environment hinders participation of disadvantaged individuals in social, political and economic arenas. It is argued that forgetting these disadvantaged groups in the planning and design of built environment that urban managers, engineers, architects and planners are creating, enhances unjust societies. Therefore, contemporary urban design and policy-making approaches should inform practitioners to leave nobody behind.
African Spacemaking
Authors: Kim Andrea S. , Cavallo Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

The emerging use of Extended Reality (XR) by African artists and collectives is sparking a revival of a “third space” in urban storytelling. Addressing topics ranging from expropriation in Lagos to public surveillance in Nairobi, a new wave of artists is appropriating the spatial dimensions of virtual reality to interrogate the neocolonial dynamics of urbanization in African cities. This forms what we term “spacemaking” or, the production of virtual worlds and critical practices in the act of narrative expression. These narratives range from postcolonial to Afrofuturist, vary in interactivity or forms of address, and, fundamentally, centre the pluriversal identities of the people and places that construct urban city centres in Africa. This study is a contextual analysis of five XR works produced by African directors and Africa-based artists/collectives, developed from in-depth interviews with each creator. The works, countries, and creators in discussion include: “The Other Dakar” (dir. Selly Raby Kane, Senegal, 2017), “Spirit Robot” (dir. Johnathan Dotse, Ghana, 2017), “Azibuye – The Occupation” (dir. Dylan Valley, South Africa, 2020), “Lagos at Large” (Jumoke Sanwo, Nigeria, 2019), and “African Space Makers” (dir.TheNrbBusCollective, Kenya, 2020). Our findings reveal how artists have co-created with their cities in their VR productions, fore fronting Africa-based spatial modalities in an otherwise Westernized technology. These practices derive from decolonial lineages in spatial thinking and arts activism, while integrating new technologies into innovative expressions of agency, resistance, and transformation in postcolonial times. Decentring consumption or distribution of VR media, this research presents the narratives of production and co-creation that demonstrate new possibilities for how the arts and storytelling are core parts of shaping how we imagine public space.
Memorialising Madiba in South Africa
Authors: Harland Robert George , Burger Yolandi , Barnes Alison , Burger Everardt Andre
Published: April 2024

Hundreds of public places across the world are named in honour of Nelson Mandela. However, there is no consistent level of expectation in terms of what we might learn about this great man when visiting these places. This paper examines an explanatory hypothesis that the process of place naming involving people – and any material representations that then refer to that person – not only offers the opportunity to learn about that person but also impacts one's experience and understanding of place. We refer to these material representations as 'graphic heritage.' We examine two highly contrasting urban places named after Mandela (also known as Madiba by South Africans), namely Nelson Mandela Square in Sandton, Johannesburg, and Nelson Mandela Park in Mamelodi, Pretoria in South Africa. In looking for traces of his values and legacy using graphic heritage, our methodological approach is guided by the design inquiry method of Zeisel, which uses annotated diagrams, observations of physical traces, and photo-documentation of these spaces. We position graphic heritage as an empirical research tool and as a form of critical inquiry that reveals very much (Sandton) and very little (Mamelodi) about the former president and rebel leader. The findings reveal contrasting settings and significantly different levels of access, diverse motivations through the naming acts, and differing levels of attentiveness to the visual-aesthetic considerations shown by those responsible for the two sites.
Compliant Mechanism to replace a 2D Rotorcraft Landing Gear Mechanism, foreseen to be extended to the VGTM-based Morphing Wing
Authors: Khamas Sultan
Published: April 2024

The main goal of this thesis report is to replace an existing 2D mechanism of a dynamic rotorcraft landing gear with a 2D compliant mechanism. The advantage of compliant mechanisms is that they reduce manufacturing and labor costs, along with maintenance costs. This is because a traditional mechanism contains numerous parts while a compliant mechanism does not. Some compliant mechanisms are made of plastics such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) which show material properties known as viscoelastic material properties. In this report the application of viscoelastic material properties into ANSYS is researched and applied for ABS. 4 different designs were investigated that have the potential to replace the dynamic rotorcraft landing gear. The 4 designs include a gripper like design, a four bar linkage design, a pantograph design, and a slider crank design. One of the main parameters studied during the design process was the rotorcraft landing gear slope (γ). The desired slope is 15°, the final design of the 4 bar linkage was 15.6°, the pantograph was 15°, and the slider crank design achieved 18.57°. The gripper design was utilized only for extending the landing gears parallel to the ground instead of perpendicular like the other designs. The 4 bar linkage design achieved the 15.6° value by being 3D printed with Polylactic acid (PLA) instead of ABS which was a less stiff but more elastic material. The report contains multiple types of methodology including FEA parametrization, mathematical modeling, and 3D printing testing. These methodologies were utilized to achieve optimal designs.
Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction with Deep Learning Transformers and Kalman Filters
Authors: Sol Strozberg Jakob
Published: April 2024

In recent years, transform neural networks have shown great promise in many machine learning applications. This project explores the application of these networks on a challenging problem: pedestrian trajectory prediction, which is prevalent in many applications including the autonomous navigation of vehicles. A new prediction algorithm is developed, using pedestrian pose information to generate two predictions, one via a Kalman filter, to benefit from its computationally efficient model-based estimation and the other with transformers, to leverage their advanced pattern recognition. By fusing the predictions from both methods, the algorithm generates the future trajectory of pedestrians. The proposed algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness through a Python-implemented ensemble model that predicts pedestrian paths with reduced data reliance and computational demand. The results of this integration are promising, exhibiting competitive accuracy compared to cutting-edge deep learning models, despite being trained on a considerably smaller dataset. This research lays the foundation for more efficient data-driven systems in scenarios where real-time processing and adaptability are crucial.
Powerline Detection in Aerial Images Using Neural Networks
Authors: Patel Hailey
Published: April 2024

This study builds a machine learning (ML) model to identify the components of a powerline. The power infrastructure is subject to extreme weather conditions, wear, and environment changes. Power structures require routine maintenance to provide reliable power to the community. Inspections are often done by humans, requiring special equipment to climb up to great heights. This can be dangerous as there is electricity, and the risk of falling. This is a time-consuming process which can be streamlined with the use of drones. Drone-acquired images can be used where a ML model processes the data and finds all the issues present. Using an existing dataset a YOLOv8 deep neural network model was developed to identify the different components on a powerline. The developed model quickly unveiled the challenges of creating an accurate model for powerline inspection. It was found that the components on a powerline are very small and look so similar to each other, making accurate classifications very difficult. There were problems within the dataset identified such as the data disparity between classes. Overall, the model developed is a good starting point for further development, and much information was gained which will be used to further improve the model.
O professor enquanto pessoa
Authors: Daboín María Mercedes Gómez , Almeida Ana Rita Silva
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo surge no contexto do Doutorado em Difusão do Conhecimento, oferecido em parceria pelas Instituições de Educação Superior IFBA – UFBA – UNB – UEFS – LNCC - SENAI-CIMATEC, vinculado à pesquisa intitulada “Razões para a permanência dos estudantes no Curso de Pedagogia em uma universidade pública da Bahia” e teve como objetivo: mapear e analisar a produção acadêmica brasileira sobre formação de professores, que tem como aporte de fundamentação os conceitos atinentes à teoria psicogenética de Henri Wallon. A abordagem metodológica foi de tipo quali-quantitativo na modalidade de revisão nas bases de dados da CAPES. Finalmente, foi possível evidenciar que existem artigos que têm como foco a relação entre afetividade e formação de professores, afetividade e aprendizagem e afetividade e cognição, mas para a relação entre afetividade na concepção da Teoria Psicogenética de Henri Wallon pudemos constatar que há uma lacuna que precisa ser preenchida mediante a realização de novas pesquisas.
Kırâatlerde Müdrec Kavramı, Osman Bayraktutan
Authors: İslam Hasan Hüseyin
Published: April 2024

İlk insan Adem’in (as) yaratılışıyla birlikte insanlık, peygamberler vasıtasıyla vahye muhatap olmuştur. Adem’le (as) başlayan vahiy tecrübesi son peygamber Hz. Muhammed’e (sav) kadar devam etmiş ve bu vahiy silsilesi Kur’an’la son bulmuştur. Kur’an’ın nüzulü ile birlikte sözlü vahyin yazılması işlemi, bizzat Hz. Peygamber (sav) kontrolünde yapılmış ve vahiy kâtiplerine yazdırılmış ancak Hz. Peygamber’in sağlığında Kur’ân toplanarak bir kitap haline getirilmemiştir. Hz. Peygamber’in (as) vefatından sonra Hz. Ebubekir’in hilafeti döneminde kitap haline getirilen Kur’ân, Hz. Osman’ın hilafeti döneminde çoğaltılarak günümüze kadar herhangi bir değişikliğe uğramadan gelmiştir. Kitap haline getirilen Kur’an’ın tarihsel süreç içerisinde yazımıyla kırâati arasında bir kısım farklılıkların olduğu görülmektedir. Bu farklılıklar sahih kırâatler olarak kırâat-ı seba/yedi kırâat, kırâat-ı aşere/on kırâat şeklinde kendisini göstermektedir. Bu kırâatlerin yanısıra şâz kırâatler de bulunmaktadır. Sahih ve şâz kıraatlerin hangisine dahil olup olmadığı veya bir kırâat olup olmadığı tartışmalı olan bir diğer kırâat türü daha bulunmaktadır ki bu da Müdrec Kırâat’tır. Müdrec Kırâat’in yedi veya on kırâat içerisinde yer alan bir okuma şekli olup olmadığı bu konuda çalışma yapan âlimler arasında tartışma konusu olmuştur. Kırâat farklılıkları konusunda çalışma yapan âlimlerin bir kısmı müdrec kırâatin bir kırâat şekli olduğunu savunurken bir kısmı ise bunun tefsir mahiyetli Mushaflarda ayetler arasında açıklama olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir. Suyûtî’ye kadar Müdrec Kırâat’in bir kırâat şekli olduğu konusunda açık bir ifade bulunmazken, Suyûtî ile birlikte müdrec kırâat, kırâat kavramları arasında yer almıştır. Fakat müdrec kırâatin bir okuma şekli olup olmadığı konusunda halen bir kapalılık bulunmaktadır. Bu kapalılığın açıklığa kavuşturulması önem arz etmektedir. Bu konuda geçmişte yapılan çalışmaların bir sentezini yaparak zikri geçen kapalılığı açıklığa kavuşturmak elzem olarak görülmektedir. Zira ahkam konusundaki bir kısım ayetlerdeki kırâat farklılıkları, hüküm değişikliğine de yol açmaktadır. Kritiğini yaptığımız ‘Kırâatlerde Müdrec Kavramı’ isimli bu eser, bu konuda cevap bekleyen sorulara bir nevi cevap niteliğindedir.
Cigarette Butts as Water Emerging Contaminants: Possible Method for Their Remediation
Authors: Ajibade Sinazo , Nnadozie Ebenezer C. , Gulyás Miklós , Simon Barbara
Published: April 2024

Nano-sized particles derived from cigarette butts (CBs) are extremely small particles, typically less than 100 nanometers in size, generated by the degradation or breakdown of CB materials. The potential impact of nano-sized particles derived from CBs on irrigation water is a topic of concern. Despite the lack of research focusing specifically on these aspects, it is essential to consider the potential risks associated with these particles. The presence of toxic compounds in CBs, such as nicotine, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), raises concerns about the potential health risks of consuming water contaminated with nano-sized particles from CBs and the potential for these particles to accumulate in the soil, affecting nutrient availability and overall crop growth. Nano-sized particles can travel through water systems and may reach irrigation channels and sources through various pathways, and if CB nano-litter is present in nearby surface water bodies or infiltrates into groundwater, it can introduce these particles and associated contaminants into water sources and the agricultural environment. To ensure the safety and limited entry into water sources used for irrigation it is crucial to implement effective water treatment processes capable of removing or reducing nano-sized particles, as well as the associated chemicals, from the water supply. To mitigate potential risks, various water purification methods can be considered, such as the use of magnetic biochar. Magnetic biochar is a type of biochar that is enriched with magnetic materials. It has been explored as a potential tool for wastewater treatment due to its ability to attract and adsorb contaminants. The hybridized properties of both organic and inorganic materials in magnetic biochar promote its adsorptive ability for a wide range of contaminants. Also, it has unique properties such as solar responsiveness, reusability, magnetic recovery, magnetic recovery, and surface functionalization which are desirable in the design of recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment. Therefore, by incorporating magnetic biochar in water treatment systems, it may be possible to effectively remove nano-sized particles derived from CBs, along with other pollutants and contaminants, from water. For example, metal ions can be adsorbed via ligand exchange and complexation, while nicotine and PAHs are primarily via π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, the present study will assess the potential capacity of magnetic biochar to adsorb these particles, considering its impact on water remediation, soil health, and crop growth, and evaluate the overall cost-effectiveness and practicality of its implementation.
Effects of Climate Change on Sudan's Water Resources
Authors: Tharwat Mohammed Ibrahim Hanaa , Modiba Maimela Maxwell , Simon Barbara
Published: April 2024

In Sudan, the effects of climate change on water resources are widespread and varied. Sudan's water sources are diverse, including river, rain, surface, and groundwater, with the country's lands consisting of rivers, valleys, and creeks. Nevertheless, Sudan faces various water-related challenges such as inadequate sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, pollution, and scarcity. The country's water supply is at risk due to rapid population growth, urbanization, changing consumption patterns, and from agriculture, industry, and energy sectors. Moreover, the looming environmental changes, including global warming and increased greenhouse gas emissions, are expected to have significant social, environmental, and climatic impacts globally, particularly on water sources. The effects of climate change on Sudan's water resources are a cause for concern as droughts have already begun in some regions. It is therefore imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adopt clean energy sources while taking urgent and long-term measures to conserve water and mitigate climate change risks. This review highlights the issues related to climate change and its effects on water resources in Sudan, with a particular focus on how changing rainfall patterns will impact agriculture, which is the most critical indirect effect of climate change on water supply.
Overview of Conservation Tillage Practices for Developing and Sustaining Climate Change Resilient Soils in Sub-saharan Africa
Authors: Modiba Maimela Maxwell , Tharwat Mohammed Ibrahim Hanaa , Dekemati Igor , Simon Barbara
Published: April 2024

Change in hydrological intensity in the form of rainfall is predicted to worsen in Southern Africa. Compounded by consequences of higher global temperatures such as heatwaves, may render many Southern African regions prone to drought. The agricultural sectors of the latter regions are faced with a greater threat. In view of such concerns, the aim of this study is to review the available literature to evaluate climate-smart agricultural practices suitable for the mitigation of climate change challenges faced by farmers. Climate-smart agriculture practices are advocated as alternatives for mitigating and managing climate change problems, increasing food production, and improving rural people's livelihoods. This review paper is aimed at the bestowed benefits of climate-smart agricultural practices on soil physical, chemical, and biological and its association to mitigate or manage predicted climate change effects in SSA.
Living With Freshwater Scarcity: Management of Namibia’s Water Resources
Authors: Coetzee Marina E.
Published: April 2024

Namibia is an arid country in Southern Africa. It frequently experiences a state of freshwater deficit and must employ a range of measures to manage this scarce resource sustainably and equitably. The Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform coordinates the water sector. A state-owned enterprise, NamWater, is the bulk water supplier and manages large water infrastructure. The country follows a policy of integrated water resource management and has devolved some of the decision-making on water issues to river basin level. Transboundary catchments are managed through legal agreements and multinational permanent commissions representing the basin states. Technologies such as dams in ephemeral rivers, intra- and inter-basin water transfer schemes, reclamation of wastewater to potable standards, artificial aquifer recharge, desalination, and conjunctive use of various water sources are employed to supply water to consumers. Water demand management, particularly education, information, restrictions and tariffs, curbs wasteful use of water.
Módszertani fejlesztés mikrobiális oltótörzsek gyors hatásvizsgálatára két tesztnövénnyel
Authors: Pabar Sándor Attila , Prettl Nándor , Kotroczó Zsolt , Biró Borbála
Published: April 2024

We investigated the effect of different microbial species on the germination and growth of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tested for two weeks. The experiment was carried out in a cell tray, filled with sandy soil:compost (9:1) mixture. The following microorganisms were used as treatment: Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, Kosakonia cowanii, Pseudomonas fluorescens Hx1 bacteria and Trichorderma harzianum T-22 microscopic fungi. After two weeks, we assessed the number of germinated mustard seeds, the wet and dry weight of the mustard, the length of the mustard, the wet and dry weight and the length of the ryegrass. We measured the enzyme activity of the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis analysis (FDA) of the soils and calculated the correlation of FDA with the parameters, tested on seedling-plants. FDA generally was positively correlated, however, the above findings could not be verified statistically. The simple and relatively fast method can be suitable for the cost-effective pre-testing of different microbes and for the pre-selection of strains that can be used in further field tests.
Trends of bankruptcy and directions of financial recovery of enterprises under the conditions of marital state
Authors: lashchyk Iryna , Zhvalyuk Angelina
Published: April 2024

In a time of war, when businesses face extraordinary challenges and adverse economic conditions, financial recovery becomes a more important task than ever before. Military conflicts can lead to a significant decrease in production activity, an increase in the cost of resources, and an increase in business risks. In this difficult context, financial recovery becomes a key tool to ensure the survival and further development of enterprises. Targeted financial management and timely identification of problems can determine success or failure in overcoming economic difficulties. The scientific article describes the essence of the concept of «financial rehabilitation of the enterprise» and highlights the main aspects that emphasize the relevance and importance of this process. Based on statistical sources, we have researched, singled out, and characterized the factors that most often lead to the initiation of a bankruptcy case of domestic enterprises. Among such factors, the following were singled out as the most important: economic problems; loss and destruction; increase in insurance risks; market restrictions; inconsistency of the values of the main indicators of the financial condition with the normative (recommended); decrease in investment flows and capital, etc. Analyzed and presented in the form of graphical interpretations of the dynamics of the main indicators of bankruptcy (the number of enterprises against which a bankruptcy case was initiated, the number of enterprises in the process of financial recovery, the number of enterprises declared bankrupt); the dynamics of the number of enterprises relocated in connection with the state of war; the dynamics of indicators of financial stability and business activity of domestic enterprises in the conditions of war. A list of the main problems faced by domestic enterprises at the beginning of a full-scale invasion has been studied, highlighted, and characterized. Based on the conducted research, several areas of financial improvement of enterprises are proposed, for each of which a list of specific measures is proposed. In the form of a graphic interpretation, the sequence of implementation of financial improvement is presented, the observance of which will contribute to its success, efficiency, and effectiveness.
The out-of-commerce works system
Authors: Matas Ariadna
Published: April 2024

A system that simplifies rights clearance now makes it possible for cultural heritage institutions in the European Union to digitise materials in their collections and legally make them available online, as long as they are not in commercial circulation. The so-called out-of-commerce works provisions, brought forward by the 2019 Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive, builds upon previous attempts to close the “twentieth century blackwhole” and offers a promising solution.
Kırgızistan’da Yayınlanan Türk Dizilerinin Yumuşak Güç Ekseninde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aktaş Adil
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışma, bilgi/enformasyon toplumu olarak nitelendirilen günümüz toplumunu yumuşak güç kullanarak etkilemek, cezbetmek, algılarını olumlu yönde değiştirmek amacıyla üretilen ve son yıllarda sürekli yükselme eğilimi gösteren Türk dizilerinin Kırgızistan’daki yansımalarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Küreselleşme, teknolojik gelişmeler, internet ve kitle iletişim araçlarının gelişmesi, çeşitlenmesi ve kullanımının yaygınlaşması gibi etkenler günümüz toplumlarını değiştirdiği gibi toplumları yöneten/yönlendiren karar vericilerin yönetim anlayışlarını da değiştirmiştir. Söz konusu bu gelişmelere ek olarak terör, doğal afet, düzensiz göç, salgın, kıtlık, küresel ısınma, ekonomik kriz gibi toplumların kendi başlarına çözmeleri mümkün olmayan küresel olaylar neticesinde toplumlar birbiri ile iletişim kurmaya daha fazla ihtiyaç duymaya başlamışlardır. Bunun sonucunda dar kapsamda bireyin yaşam tarzının, geniş kapsamda ise toplumların ve devletlerin iletişim biçimlerinin değişmesi kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Kısa süreli sonuçlar veren ve görece maliyet gerektiren zor kullanma, tehdit etme, yaptırım uygulama, korkutma vb. kullanılarak uygulanan sert güç (hard power) yerine sevdirme, cezbetme, beğenisini kazanma, olumlu imaj oluşturma, algıları olumlu yönde değiştirme gibi daha az maliyetli ve uzun süreli istendik davranışların kazanılmasını sağlayan yumuşak güç (soft power) unsurlarının kullanılması bu değişikliklerin başında yer almaktadır. Türkiye, geç de olsa fark etmiş olduğu bu gücü tüm dünyada olduğu gibi bağımsızlığından beri ikili ilişkileri sürekli geliştirmeye çalıştığı ortak kültür ve tarihe sahip Kırgızistan’da da kullanarak yumuşak güç üretmektedir. Bu sayede hem Türkiye’yi cazibe merkezi haline getirerek ekonomik katkı sağlamakta, hem de Kırgızistan ile Türkiye arasında ekonomik değerle sınırlandırılamayacak manevi bir bağ oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Türkiye’nin dizi filmler aracılığıyla ürettiği yumuşak gücün, Kırgızistan ile Türkiye arasındaki ikili ilişkileri olumlu yönde etkilediği ve Türkiye’nin amaçladığı kültür tanıtımına katkı sağladığı anlaşılmıştır.
Müzelerin Atmosfer Bileşenleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Kayseri Lisesi Milli Mücadele Müzesi
Authors: Acar Neşe
Published: April 2024

Günümüzde toplumların geçmişi hakkında bilgi veren ve kültürel mirasın öğrenilip aktarılmasında etkili olan müzelerin yönetilmesi konusu önemli hale gelmiştir. Gelişen ve değişen çevre koşullarında devamlılığın sağlanabilmesi için pazarlama yöntem ve tekniklerinin uygulanması rekabette avantaj sağlamaktadır. Artan teknoloji ile artık müzeler, ziyaretçi bekleyen değil müzeyi ziyaretçilerin ayağına götüren, onların dikkatini çeken stratejiler geliştirme çabasına girmiştir. Pazarlamada önemli bir rolü olan mekân atmosferinin müzelerde de ziyaretçilerin duyguları ve davranışları üzerinde önemli bir rol üstlendiği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, müzelerin pazarlanmasında etkili olan atmosfer konusunun incelenmesi ve müzede nasıl değerlendirildiğinin belirlenmesidir. Bu sebeple Kayseri Lisesi Milli Mücadele Müzesi atmosfer değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde müzenin atmosfer değişkenleri açısından gerekli yeterliliğe sahip olduğu, bazı olumsuz değerlendirmelerin binanın fiziksel yetersizliklerinden kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.
An Enhanced Massive Black Hole Occupation Fraction Predicted in Cluster Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Tremmel Michael , Ricarte Angelo , Natarajan Priyamvada , Bellovary Jillian , Sharma Ray , Quinn Thomas R.
Published: April 2024

The occupation fraction of massive black holes (MBHs) in low mass galaxies offers interesting insights into initial black hole seeding mechanisms and their mass assembly history, though disentangling these two effects remains challenging. Using the {Romulus} cosmological simulations we examine the impact of environment on the occupation fraction of MBHs in low mass galaxies. Unlike most modern cosmological simulations, {Romulus} seeds MBHs based on local gas properties, selecting dense (n>3 cm^-3, 15 times the threshold for star formation), pristine (Z<3e-4 Zsol), and rapidly collapsing regions in the early Universe as sites to host MBHs without assuming anything about MBH occupation as a function of galaxy stellar mass, or halo mass, {}. The simulations predict that dwarf galaxies with M<1e9 Msol in cluster environments are ~2 times more likely to host a MBH compared to those in the field. The predicted occupation fractions are remarkably consistent with those of nuclear star clusters. Across cluster and field environments, dwarf galaxies with earlier formation times are more likely to host a MBH. Thus, while the MBH occupation function is similar between cluster and field environments at high redshift (z>3), a difference arises as late-forming dwarfs – which do not exist in the cluster environment – begin to dominate in the field and pull the MBH occupation fraction down for low mass galaxies. Additionally, prior to in-fall some cluster dwarfs are similar to progenitors of massive, isolated galaxies, indicating that they might have grown to higher masses had they not been impeded by the cluster environment. While the population of MBHs in dwarf galaxies is already widely understood to be important for understanding MBH formation, this work demonstrates that environmental dependence is important to consider as future observations search for low mass black holes in dwarf galaxies.
Vitreoretinal interface disorders
Authors: Pastore Marco , Gemito Antonio , Tognetto Daniele
Published: April 2024

This article is designed to bridge the knowledge gap for Doctors, shedding light on retinal pathologies that have long dwelled in the shadows of ultra-specialization. It delves into the identification and management of atypical conditions affecting the vitreomacular interface, encompassing disorders like vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, full thickness macular holes and lamellar holes. Optical coherence tomography emerges as a crucial diagnostic tool, significantly enhancing our capacity to recognize abnormalities at the vitreoretinal junction, offering clinical insights unattainable through conventional ophthalmic methods. While vitrectomy remains the predominant choice for treating these conditions, alternative approaches are being explored.
Ursolic acid targets secreted phosphoprotein 1 to regulate Th17 cells against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Zheng Yiyuan , Zhao Lina , Xiong Zhekun , Huang Chaoyuan , Yong Qiuhong , Fang Dan , Fu Yugang , Gu Simin , Chen Chong , Li Jiacheng , Zhu Yingying , Liu Jing , Liu Fengbin , Li Yong
Published: April 2024

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become an increasingly important health challenge, with a substantial rise linked to changing lifestyles and global obesity. Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been explored for its potential therapeutic effects. Given its multifunctional bioactive properties, this research further revealed the pharmacological mechanisms of ursolic acid on MASLD.Methods: Drug target chips and bioinformatics analysis were combined in this study to explore the potential therapeutic effects of ursolic acid on MASLD. Molecular docking simulations, surface plasmon resonance analyses, pull-down experiments, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the direct interactions. Gene knockdown mice were generated, and high-fat diets were used to validate drug efficacy. Furthermore, initial CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated to demonstrate our findings.Results: In this study, the multifunctional extracellular matrix phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) was investigated, highlighting its capability to induce Th17 cell differentiation, amplifying inflammatory cascades, and subsequently promoting the evolution of MASLD. In addition, this study revealed that in addition to the canonical TGF-β/IL-6 cytokine pathway, SPP1 can directly interact with ITGB1 and CD44, orchestrating Th17 cell differentiation via their joint downstream ERK signaling pathway. Remarkably, ursolic acid intervention notably suppressed the protein activity of SPP1, suggesting a promising avenue for ameliorating the immunoinflammatory trajectory in MASLD progression.Conclusions: Ursolic acid could improve immune inflammation in MASLD by modulating SPP1-mediated Th17 cell differentiation via the ERK signaling pathway, which is orchestrated jointly by ITGB1 and CD44, emerging as a linchpin in this molecular cascade.
Thermal sensitivity of metabolic performance in Squalus acanthias: efficacy of aerobic scope as a predictor of viable thermal habitat
Authors: Andres AM , Slesinger E , Young RE , Saba GK , Saba VS , Phelan BA , Rosendale J , Wieczorek D , White CF , Seibel BA
Published: April 2024

Ocean warming due to climate change can affect the metabolism, performance, and survival of ectothermic marine species. On the US Northeast continental shelf (US NES), waters are warming faster than the global average, leading to elevated mean temperatures and an increased risk of marine heatwave exposure in the region. Thus, it is critical to understand the effects of warming on the region’s living marine resources. Here, we quantified the acute temperature sensitivity of metabolic traits to evaluate their role as possible drivers of acute thermal tolerance and viable habitat in the spiny dogfish shark Squalus acanthias on the US NES. From 10-23°C, the standard metabolic rate increased more rapidly than the maximum metabolic rate, resulting in a reduction in factorial aerobic scope at warmer temperatures. However, the oxygen supply capacity increased with temperature in proportion to maximum metabolic rate, and neither metric declined at the warmest temperatures, suggesting oxygen supply capacity does not limit performance within the tested range. Although behavioral observations revealed overt thermal stress via loss of equilibrium at ≥20°C and estimated lethal temperature at ∼24°C, sharks retained the ability to regulate their resting metabolic rate, achieve maximum activity, and peak absolute aerobic scope at warm temperatures. Results suggest that factors other than oxygen supply or aerobic scope are constraining thermal tolerance in S. acanthias and support the notion that aerobic scope cannot be universally applied to determine optimal or viable metabolic habitat.
Eelgrass meadow response to heat stress. II. Impacts of ocean warming and marine heatwaves measured by novel metrics
Authors: Berger AC , Berg P , McGlathery KJ , Aoki LR , Kerns K
Published: April 2024

In June 2015, a marine heatwave triggered a severe eelgrass Zostera marina die-off event at the Virginia Coast Reserve (USA), followed by a slow and spatially heterogeneous recovery. We investigated the effects of heat stress on seagrass loss and recovery. Using hourly summer water temperature measurements from 2016-2020, we developed a novel approach to quantifying the stress of ocean warming on seagrass meadows. We defined 2 metrics: cumulative heat stress (as heating degree-hours, HDHs) and heat stress relief (as cooling degree-hours, CDHs), relative to a 28.6°C eelgrass ecosystem thermal tolerance threshold previously determined at this site from aquatic eddy covariance measurements. These metrics were compared to spatiotemporal patterns of summertime eelgrass shoot density and length. We found that the healthiest parts of the meadow benefited from greater heat stress relief (2-3×) due to tidal cooling (inputs of cooler ocean water through ocean inlets) during warm periods, resulting in ~65% higher shoot densities compared to the center of the meadow, which experienced higher heat stress (2×) and less relief. We also calculated the amount of heat stress preceding the eelgrass die-off in summer 2015, and found that this event was triggered by a cumulative heat stress of ~100-200°C-hours during the peak growing season. Sulfur isotope analyses of eelgrass leaves and sediment also suggested that sulfide toxicity likely contributed to eelgrass decline. Overall, our metrics incorporate physiological heat tolerances with the duration and intensity of heat stress and relief, and thus lay the groundwork for forecasting seagrass meadow vulnerability and resilience to future warming oceans.
Managing microbial risks of drinking water and sanitation to prevent waterborne infectious diseases
Authors:   , van den Berg Harold Hendrikus Johannes Lambertus
Published: April 2024

Unsafe drinking water and sanitation are major causes for the spread of waterborne diseases. Drinking water supply and sanitation services face threats, such as aging infrastructure, urbanization and climate changes, which may affect the transmission of microbial hazards. Risk management is crucial to identify and to manage risks in a structured and continuous way. Risk management includes risk assessment and water quality monitoring. In risk assessment, microbial hazards can be identified and risks can be estimated. To reduce the risks control measures can be introduced. Monitoring the quality of drinking water and wastewater are key elements to ensure drinking water and sanitation safety by providing (early) signals of hazards for remediate actions to reduce the risks.

This thesis will focus on risk management for drinking water supply and sanitation systems to prevent waterborne infectious diseases in different countries: The Netherlands, Ethiopia, Serbia and Mozambique. The main objective is to better integrate water quality monitoring and risk assessment into risk management approaches. Another objective is to integrate risk management approaches for drinking water supply and/or sanitation services in order to reduce waterborne infectious diseases.

The main conclusion from this thesis is that both risk assessment and water quality monitoring contribute to risk prevention. Therefore both approaches should be well embedded in risk management. Risk management needs to be reviewed regularly to be up-to-date. In this way, health risks related to drinking water and sanitation now and in the future are minimized. It is possible to integrate risk management methods. In this thesis, risk management for drinking water and sanitation services were integrated into one approach. This can be extended by integrating risk management for other water applications in order to use the water correctly and efficiently.
Influence of the Dirac Function on Loss Progression Stability of Solutions to a Singularly Perturbed Problem
Authors: Akmatov A. , Kalambai-kyzy Sh. , Srazhidin-uulu N.
Published: April 2024

The inhomogeneous part of the singularly perturbed problem affects and prolongs the loss of stability. If the inhomogeneous part is a generalized singular Dirac function, which determines the behavior of solutions to the singular problem. The features of the problem under study are shown. As a result, an asymptotic estimate was obtained. The problem is studied in a real domain.
Study of Agroecological Features of Ligustrum vulgare L. in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Prospects for Its Use in Greening
Authors: Pashayev T.
Published: April 2024

The results of a study are presented to study the possibilities of using Ligustrum vulgare L. in urban landscaping. Information is provided on the bioecological characteristics of Ligustrum vulgare — Common Privet, Olive family. The possibilities of using this species in creating various compositions and forms as an ornamental plant are analyzed. It has been established that the use of this plant in landscaping works makes it possible to create a beautiful background in parks and gardens in cities and towns of the region. Ligustrum vulgare is mainly used to create various green compositions as a living fence.
Increasing the Productivity of Pastures in the Guba District of Azerbaijan
Authors: Seifaddinov S.
Published: April 2024

The main objective of the work was to study the effectiveness of low-productive pastures. The assessment was carried out on the productivity and quality of pastures in the Guba district of Azerbaijan. During the research, trial sites were identified where fertilizers and plant sowing were used. improvement and we conducted scientific and experimental studies. A control area has been determined. In 2022, on the experimental plot of the control variant, during haymaking, an average of 30.0 cwt/ha of green mass or 7.5 cwt/ha of dry grass was obtained. When sowing grass seeds in the variant without fertilizers and in other variants, the yield per hectare differed. In the option of sowing grass seeds + N60P60K40, this figure averaged 101.6 cwt/ha of green mass or 24.4 cwt/ha of dry grass, or it was 33.7% more green mass and 32.5% more dry grass. As a result of the studies, it was established that in each of the tested variants the quality of the produced feed was higher than in the control variant. The option of sowing grass seeds + N60P60K40 is the most effective.
Biomorphological Characteristics of Beetroot Depending on Sowing Schemes under Absheron Conditions
Authors: Makhsudov Sh.
Published: April 2024

The issues of sowing beetroot according to various schemes are considered in order to determine the optimum crop production in the conditions of Absheron. The biomorphological features of beetroot have been studied. In terms of root productivity, the sowing schemes 55+55+70×10 and 45+45+70×10 was superior to other options for sowing beetroot plants. It was revealed that as the density of plants in a row increases, the number of leaves in them decreases, which is quite natural, since the plant tries to create an optimal leaf surface area.
Some Indicators of Soil Fertility in the Central Aran Economic Region of Azerbaijan
Authors: Talibova J.
Published: April 2024

Diagnostic indicators of selected soil types in the Central Aran economic region are presented and analyzed based on the soil map of Azerbaijan M: 1:100000 2022. The areas of reclaimed, irrigated, and also possible lands of the Kura-Araz Lowland for agricultural use have been identified. Data on fertile soils are provided. Full descriptions of 11 soil types are given. The main diagnostic indicators are given using the example of gray-brown and meadow-gray soils.
Complex Treatment of Purular-Necrotic Complications of Diabetic Foot Syndrome (Literature Review)
Authors: Niyazov B. , Eraaliev B. , Niyazova S. , Apsamatov N. , Mamatov A.
Published: April 2024

An analysis of the literature on the topic under study was carried out and the main provisions were presented. Diabetic foot syndrome is a pathological condition of the feet of a patient with diabetes, which occurs against the background of damage to nerves, arteries, skin and soft tissues, bones and joints and is manifested by acute and chronic ulcers, osteoarticular lesions, purulent-necrotic processes, and various deformities. Pathogenesis is determined by a combination of a number of factors: microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, polyneuropathy, osteoarthropathy, a disorder in the immune system. Thus, neuropathy is the trigger for the formation of the main signs of DFS. Diabetic polyneuropathy and macroamhepatia cause mutually aggravating pathological processes, which together lead to changes that underlie the formation of purulent-necrotic complications of the diabetic foot.
Modern Principles of Treatment of Purulent Wounds of Soft Tissue (Literature Review)
Authors: Mamakeev K. , Umetaliev Yu. , Abdyshev E. , Niyazov B. , Niyazova S. , Mamatov A.
Published: April 2024

Discusses the treatment of purulent wounds in experimental and clinical surgery. Traditional methods of treatment often turn out to be ineffective and there is a need to improve them and develop new methods and means. Today there are many methods to improve the results of treatment of purulent wounds, but none of the methods completely satisfies surgeons and the very fact of the numerous proposed methods indicates their insufficient effectiveness and the lack of a common point of view on this problem. The main thing in the treatment of purulent processes is the timely and wide opening of ulcers and their subsequent rational drainage, which helps reduce the absorption of decay products of microbes and tissues, toxins, limit the process and speedy rejection of necrotic tissue. In the general structure of surgical diseases, surgical infection is observed in 35-45% of patients. This is due to the increasing number of patients with purulent wounds and the difficulty in choosing treatment tactics.
Voluntourism: Motivations of Gen Z Participants in Bali
Authors: Ni Putu Evi Wijayanti  , Ni Komang Anggy Septiani  , Putu Ayu Aryasih  , Laras Ayu Esty Nariswari
Published: April 2024

Voluntourism is becoming increasingly popular among Generation Z (Gen Z) in Indonesia. This study examines the motivations of Gen Z volunteer tourists who participate in voluntourism activities in Bali. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. The informants comprised twenty-six Gen Z tourists in Indonesia, all selected through non-probability and snowball sampling. The result shows that Gen Z tourists are motivated by push and pull factors, including helping others, gaining new experiences, meeting new friends, personal development and growth, cultural interest, visiting Bali, and personal interest in specific volunteering activities. This study provides an in-depth insight into how Gen Z views voluntourism as a means to explore exotic destinations such as Bali and as an opportunity to contribute to the local community positively. The implications of these findings can provide valuable guidance for the tourism industry and volunteer organizations to develop more relevant and meaningful voluntourism programs for Gen Z.