bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of interaction of particles of pollution and gas bulb in flotation of wastewater waters
Authors: Nazimko Elena , Malko Sergei , Semenova Anna , Dorovskoy Vladimir
Published: December 2019

The interaction of phases is at the basis of many technologies in different industries. Flotation method is used in wastewater treatment plants to capture and remove contaminants from wastewater. In this case, the interaction of air bubbles with particles of pollution with a hydrophobic surface. These interactions are very difficult to investigate because they are dynamic, subject to a large number of physical and chemical factors, and occur on a small scale. The processes mentioned above have traditionally been studied by laboratory experiments. These tests are tedious and time-consuming and show unsatisfactory accuracy. Analytical studies give idealized results. One of the most powerful alternatives for solving this problem is numerical modeling, which combines dynamics, accuracy and consideration of sophisticated details. This model is based on the discrete elements method. In this paper, a computer model for modeling the kinetics of the interaction of phases in wastewater treatment is considered.
The implementation of small-scale hydropower stations in slow flow micro-rivers: a case study of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kodirov Dilshod , Tursunov Obid , Parpieva Sevarakhon , Toshpulatov Nusratillo , Kubyashev Kurash , Davirov Alisher , Klichov Orifjon
Published: December 2019

Electric energy production in small-scale hydropower stations is attractive from both an ecological and an economical point of view. Technological innovations and measures to lessen environmental impacts make small-scale hydropower stations inexpensive and justified energy sources that provide renewable energy on an independent basis and help not only to protect the environment but also to weaken human dependence on fossil fuels. This study is devoted to finding solutions based on renewable energy technologies and innovations in Uzbekistan. This article is devoted to the development of a water wheel experimental model for the micro-hydroelectric power station. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of this model and obtained results were used in the preliminary calculations. The results from the calculations showed that the installation can generate 7-11 kWh of electricity per hour, about 168-264 kWh of electricity per day and 61 to 96 MWh of electricity per year.
Secular deformations of the sand ground of Golgotha Mount on the Anzer Island of the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea
Authors: Chernyshev Sergei , Lavrusevich Andrew , Evgrafova Irina , Chernyshev Nikolay
Published: December 2019

Very slow secular horizontal movement of ground is commonly not taken into consideration during construction of buildings near slopes and bents with no risks of landslide. However, our observations indicate that a range of objects is marked with such movement. Current study is aimed at determining the rate of the sand ground dislocations near the ultimately steep slope. In order to determine the rate, we conducted periodical measurements of the width of the tensile fractures in the loadbearing walls of the building constructed in 1830. Building of the object and its restoration in the current century have led to the imperfect structure of the building, lacking steel ties in the brick walls, which should have been installed at different levels, specifically under the floor and at the level of the vault abutment. The absence of ties has resulted in rupturing of the examined building due to tensioning of the moving foundation. The errors of the constructors have transformed this building into an object that can be used to determine the rate of ground movement.It is not a unique case, as this small velocity is often neglected, which, however, results into the wall fracturing in the course of long-term use.
Classification of the types and forms of loess pseudokarst
Authors: Lavrusevich Andrew
Published: December 2019

Loess pseudokarst in recent decades has been developing very rapidly and causes significant material damage. Every year, as a result of the development of loess pseudokarst, tens of thousands of hectares of valuable irrigated land are left out of the crop rotation. This is a very rapidly developing process (months, days, hours). Classification of types of loess pseudokarst depending on the conditions of its development is given. An augmented classification of pseudokarst relief forms based on the physical and chemical properties of the loess is also presented. A brief description of the types and forms of loess pseudokarst poorly illuminated in the literature is given. The nature of the interaction of some natural and technogenic processes with loess pseudokarst is considered.
Energy assessment and optimization of programmed agricultural production using retrospective data
Authors: Rogachev Aleksey , Melikhova Elena
Published: December 2019

Theoretical approaches and software implementation of obtaining energy assessment of programmed agricultural production based on the optimization of the parameters of the technologies used are considered. Evaluation of productivity obtained using long-term retrospective data. A linear optimization mathematical model is constructed to justify the parameters of plant growing in a model economy with several fields and crops. Based on the agro-energy assessment of the elements of the technologies used, recommendations are obtained for the optimal distribution of limiting resources according to the specific energy effect criterion, taking into account restrictions on the example of a combination of different irrigation technologies.
Forecast of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste in Moscow (Russia)
Authors: Kozlov Grigorii , Pushkarev Mikhail
Published: December 2019

The article provides data on forecasting the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Moscow (Russia). The paper proposes a methodology for predicting the morphological composition of MSW and checks its operability. It was found that using the regression equations it is possible to fairly reliably (with an error within 5%) predict the composition of the main fractions of MSW (food waste, polymers, paper, screenings, etc.), however, it is almost impossible to predict the particle size distribution in this way, since it depends on changes consumer pReferences and should be evaluated in an expert way.
Mathematical model of environmental waters purification
Authors: Skolubovich Yuri , Skolubovich Alexey , Volkov Dmitry , Krasnova Tamara , Gogina Elena
Published: December 2019

This article describes the use of the stochastic approach, in particular, mass service theory and the development of its methods, adapted directly to the coagulation process as a mathematical tool. The coagulation process will be concerned as a) supplying water to the mixer, b) processing it with reagents (coagulants), c) settling for the mathematical analysis of water clarification effectiveness.
Residual resource of force resistance to deformation
Authors: Rimshin Vladimir , Kuzina Ekaterina , Neverov Alexey
Published: December 2019

The problem of the durability of reinforced concrete structures of urban engineering structures is currently one of the urgent problems in modern construction due to the continuously growing volume of expensive repair and restoration work, facilities reconstruction, a tendency to a general decrease in quality requirements, and the scale of reinforced concrete structures application in difficult climatic conditions. The theoretical foundations of calculating the residual life of the force resistance to transverse bending with the strength of normal sections in the article, algorithms for calculating the residual life of the force resistance and reinforcement of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete structures are defined. A complex calculation method is considered in this article that allows to quantitatively assessing the state and resources of crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures damaged by corrosion, to calculate the necessary levels of compression and loss of tension, as well as the exposure to preserve crack resistance in time at specific loading levels and intensities of corrosion effects. The developed complex calculation method can be presented as part of the solution to the problem of preventing and eliminating emergency situations. The theoretical basis for calculating the residual resource of strength resistance to transverse bending by the strength of inclined sections are discussed in the article, the calculation algorithms are studied, and examples are given.
Breast cancer in the population of cats in Rostov region
Authors: Vakulenko Maia , Karnaukhov Nikolay , Suhomlinov Vyacheslav , Dobaeva Natalia , Akinina Natalia , Kochetkova Anastasia , Ermakov Alexey
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of the study of various pathomorphological forms of breast tumors in the population of domestic cats of the Rostov region. 73247 case histories were analyzed in 8 leading veterinary clinics of Rostov-on-Don and Bataysk city, and also 30 resections of a breast were made with the subsequent histological research. The incidence of breast tumors in the population of cats of the Rostov region in 2018 was 438 animals per 100000. According to the results of 187 cytological findings, “malignant neoplasm” was diagnosed in 53% of cases (48% - carcinoma, 5% - sarcoma). The histological examination revealed malignant tumors in 80% of cases (77% - invasive nonspecific carcinoma, 3% – malignant leaf-shaped tumor). Taking into account the fact that about 1.5(±76 thousand) million cats live in the Rostov region, it can be assumed that 0.44% (p-95%, confidence interval 0.38%-0.50%) will have a breast tumor, about 80% (p-95%, confidence interval 55%-94%) of which will be malignant.
Cosmoharmonic principles of environmental safety
Authors: Basilaia Mariana , Bogdanova Irina , Dymnikova Olga
Published: December 2019

In the course of globalization the humanity tends to critically regard the traditional ideals of the civilization evolution. It is in the arduous quest for rational routes of advancement, novel values capable of untying antagonisms and protecting the civilization from the global disaster. Any philosophical system is a resolution of the time’s antagonisms. Philosophical comprehension of the environmental antagonism and way of ascending into the noosphere is attainable through a concept of cosmoharmony resting upon dialectical uniformity of fundamental and philosophical knowledge giving rise to a new world outlook.
Development of a strategy to increase the efficiency of oil transportation through the pipeline
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Avlasenko Ilona
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the authors’ method of developing an original solution to improve the efficiency of oil transport through a pipeline based on the TRIZ-FSA (TIPS-FCA) system with obtaining a patent for a method and device.
Development of a methodology for predicting the development of rice blast in southern Russia to improve the environmental friendliness and food security of the country
Authors: Nartymov Dmitry , Dubina Elena , Garkusha Sergey , Istomin Nikita
Published: December 2019

Establishing links between the conditions for the development of rice blast and the dynamics of its manifestation makes it possible to assess the behavior of the pathogen in various agroclimatic conditions. Therefore, to conduct research, we selected test sites located in one agroclimatic zone and homogeneous in variety composition. This approach allowed us to assess the degree of influence of external factors on the development of the pathogen, using different models describing this interaction. As a result of the revealed patterns, a model was determined that most accurately describes the periods of infection and the manifestation of the disease. In addition, the study set the task of the most complete coordination of the results obtained after processing the data using the model, and the data obtained as a result of observations. Thus, studies have shown that the methods used describe roughly the development processes of the Pyricularia Oryzae Cav., pathogen. However, it is necessary to rationalize the parameters of the models and consider the possibility of implementation in the territorial agro-climatic conditions of the south of Russia.
Study of the nature of the dynamic coefficient of internal friction of grainmaterials
Authors: Savenkov Dmitriy , Kirischiev Oleg , Kirischieva Ylia , Tupolskikh Tatiana , Maltseva Tatiana , Magomedov Magomed , Chistyakov Andrey
Published: December 2019

The article highlights the issues related to the study of physical and mechanical characteristics of bulk materials, namely internal friction coefficients in static and dynamic modes. An innovative device of the carousel type for determining the frictional characteristics of bulk materials is described, which allows to implement the tasks of practical determination of dynamic coefficients of internal friction. Presented the program, methodology and results of research on the practical study of the internal friction coefficient of typical bulk products of agricultural production in the range of linear velocities of displacement of layers from 0 to 2.79 m/s, the reliability of which is not lower than 0.878.
Formation of spiritual and moral ideology and methodology of innovative economic development
Authors: Shevkunov Nikolay , Zigunova Anna , Logvinova Irina , Gorkovenko Natalya , Kravchenko Lyudmila , Gromakova Natalia
Published: December 2019

The article presents the formation and development of the Russian economy in the field of ideology and methodology, taking into account the spiritual and moral laws and the meaning of modern life. Spiritual and moral ideology is considered from the perspective of economic problems and expectations of modern society. The analysis of economic goals in the historical continuum and in terms of spiritual values is carried out. The object and object of the economy are determined from the position of the Christian worldview. The article analyzes the formation of methodological approaches of economic science from the position of Christianity. The arguments in favor of the fact that spiritual laws in Christianity do not contradict, but represent the necessary basis for the considered methodological approaches, taking into account which normal progressive innovative economic development is possible.
The determination of the critical parameters of a gasoline petroleum fractionSB-180 Trinity-Anastasievskoe oil
Authors: Chebotarev Mikhail , Kharchenko Pavel
Published: December 2019

The article determines the critical parameters of the oil fraction-temperature, pressure and density. The experimental results are compared with the calculated results, the calculation method closest to the experimental results is chosen, the calculation error is estimated. The main results and conclusions are presented. The use of the theory of thermodynamic similarity in the method of density calculation and DNP required first of all knowledge of the parameters of the state at the critical point. The accuracy of the calculation of critical parameters affects the reliability of the results.
Impacts of Eurasian Transport Connectivity enhancement on Russia
Authors: Shibasaki Ryuichi , Arai Hirofumi , Nishimura Kentaro
Published: December 2019

As China has promoted the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) since 2014 and some CIS countries including Russia established Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015, the trans-Eurasian land transport has gained attentions. Under this background, this paper examines two questions. The first question is how significantly the recent strategic policies such as BRI and EAEU could shift container cargo from maritime shipping and land transport. The other is how much the shift could affect Russian Far East. To answer these questions, the authors estimated their impacts on cargo volume using the intermodal network simulation model. The simulation results indicate that the cargo volume shifted would be about 10 percent of the total container flows between Asia and Europe, under our assumptions. Although the land transport has potential to increase cargo volume several times as the current level, the maritime shipping will be still a dominant mode in the intercontinental cargo transport. In addition, the simulation revealed possible negative impacts on Primorye region of Russia, while the shift will advance.
Transportation safety in an urban condition
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey , Balalaev Alexander , Grivanova Olga , Kokieva Galia , Varlamova Larisa
Published: December 2019

This study is explores the problem of cars entry in to subway stations. Cars been driven in to subway stations in many countries including France, Russia, Belarus, Belgium, Italy, etc. Sometimes this results in fatalities or injuries and stoppage of work at the station. In this article, we have systematized statistics on cases of cars entry in to subway stations around the world and suggest a resolution for this problem. The proposed in the study of an anti-ram protective bollard capable of blocking cars driving into stations could serve as such a resolution. Then we develop an method that of determined the optimal location of anti-ram protective bollards. The authors tested the developed methodology on the example of the Prospect Mira station (Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line) of the Moscow subway. Equipping territories around subway stations with the developed an bollards will resolve the problem of protecting subway stations against cars entering their territories and will protect people.
The effect of the traffic organization method at a controlled intersection on the uniformity of traffic capacity
Authors: Andronov Roman , Leverents Evgeny , Genze Dmitrii , Legostaeva Elena
Published: December 2019

The uniformity issues of the traffic capacity indicator of controlled intersections are considered in the article from the standpoint of the traffic management features. The necessity of knowing the traffic capacity uniformity (in addition to its size) for the traffic management and optimization purposes is shown. This indicator is measured by standard deviation or variation coefficient. Traffic patterns in which hindrances from turning vehicles and pedestrian traffic in one phase reduce the uniformity of capacity are presented. Because of this, the efficiency of signal control decreases, and the queue length and the overall delays of vehicles increase. The article distinguishes 3 patterns of traffic management at a controlled intersection in terms of hindrances caused by the movement of pedestrians and turning flows, affecting the uniformity indicator. The conclusions of the article are confirmed by conducting a multifactorial experiment with finding statistically significant coefficients.
Development of strategies for the development of urban passenger transport in EurAsEC countries
Authors: Andreev Konstantin , Terentyev Vyacheslav
Published: December 2019

Currently, in many cities of the Russian Federation and the EurAsEC countries, due to an increase in the level of motorization, there is an increase in traffic congestion, which leads to unproductive losses of time and an increase in transport costs in the economic sector. Therefore, urban infrastructure is currently unable to provide unhindered traffic flow. The scientific and practical purpose of the article is to summarize the best practices of transport planning of the urban route network in large cities of the Russian Federation, and integrate it in cities of the EurAsEC countries. The development of such projects occurs, as a rule, in several stages. The main stages are as it follows: 1) a survey of passenger flows on public road transport, 2) analysis of the data and development of measures to optimize the route network. Based on the task, an analysis is carried out of a survey of passenger flows (transport mobility of the population), stopping points and the intensity of public transport, including: general provisions and a methodology for conducting a survey of urban public passenger transport. The experience of foreign countries in the use of commercial organizations for urban passenger transport, in the organization of transport systems functioning, the definition and justification of the role of each type of transport (for the public and private sectors) is analyzed. The proposals on the development of interconnections and the functioning of various modes of transport are considered. Measures have been proposed to optimize the route network of urban passenger transport based on modeling in a macroscopic model, and quality standards for the provision of services and the introduction of navigation management systems aimed at improving the quality of public services have been determined.
Regulation and control in cooling systems of internal combustion engines
Authors: Zhukov Vladimir , Melnik Olesya , Logunov Nikita , Chernyi Sergei
Published: December 2019

The paper is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the automatic regulation of the thermal state of internal combustion engines and controlling the water-chemical cooling regimes during the transition to high-temperature cooling. Principal and functional diagrams of cooling systems with improved control are presented. The prospects of controlling the pressure in the internal circuit of high-temperature engine cooling systems and the automatic control of the physicochemical characteristics of the coolant have been proved.
Simulation model of the heating and air conditioning system of dc electric trains
Authors: Istomin Stanislav , Shtraukhman Aleksandr
Published: December 2019

Most of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the zone of long-term exposure to negative ambient temperatures. In this regard, in the suburban traffic on the railways of the Russian Federation, a significant proportion of the electric power falls on the operation of heating and air conditioning systems. Nowadays, Russia and the world are developing energy-saving methods and tools to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary needs of electric trains. In this paper, the method of constructing simulation models in the MATLAB Simulink software was used to build an energy-saving heating and air conditioning system, since this method allows studying various options for building the studied systems with lower financial and labor costs in comparison with the experimental method. The correct selection and display of the parameters of the electric train interior will allow achieving the optimal values of energy consumption for heating and air conditioning of the electric trains. In order to verify its adequacy, the simulation model includes standard values of electric energy consumption for heating and conditioning electric trains for various sections and operating conditions, which were obtained earlier during the correlation and regression analysis of data from electric train parameter recorders. The results of the study showed the adequacy of the application of the developed simulation model for organizing the control of electric power consumption for heating and air conditioning of DC electric trains.
Comparative analysis of transport services development in the capital cities moscow and colombo
Authors: Danilina Nina , Navaratne Champa , Priyankara H.A.C.
Published: December 2019

The study of urban transport service systems covers a wide range of issues connected with sustainability of urban areas, provision of high quality services and administrations in the cities and urban agglomerations that have transport problems related to population mobility. Each city develops its own particular concept of the transport service system development, based on a variety of external and internal factors. The article deals with transport development policies of two cities - Moscow and Colombo completely different in almost every aspect such as history, geopolitics etc, except one: both are the biggest capital cities of the Corresponding states, Russian Federation and Sri Lanka. The task of the authors was to make theoretical comparative analysis of the most significant tendencies, processes and effects in the field of modern urban transport development of the above mentioned cities in order to identify their context specifics and factors that could determine the relationships between the development of the settlement system and the level of development of the transport system that allow to dialogue enrichment in strategic planning and practical decisions. The article presents the methods of analysis, statistical data, the results of a retrospective analysis of the relationship between the historical process, the modern management system and the level of development of urban transport service systems.
A variety of designs construction and mounting
Authors: Danchenko Tamara , Lastovka Anatoly , Amelchugov Sergey , Klinduh Nadezhda , Berseneva Maria
Published: December 2019

Abstract in the article the main types of building structures are considered, which are distinguished by the type of material. For the purpose of studying, each type has brief information including its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with others. In the section reinforced concrete structures, the authors characterize this material from three sides - this is the method of manufacture, the type of concrete and its stressed state. As a result, it was found that when choosing a foundation, special attention is paid to: bearing capacity, type of building being built, soil characteristics. In addition to the above, it can be added that weight reduction, cost reduction and material consumption in reinforced concrete structures are possible through the use of high-strength concrete and reinforcement. Metal structures are the most popular building material. The possibilities of this material are very diverse: building designs, designs specifically for certain seismic and climatic conditions, and high decorative properties. Due to its strength and rigidity, buildings can withstand hurricane gusts of wind and earthquakes. In the manufacture of structures in the factory and during installation, steel is subjected to various technological operations: welding, cutting, machining. It was found that in this case the steel does not collapse, it retains the microstructure and mechanical properties. Finally, steel should not have a significant cost of manufacturing structures from it. Turning to the section of wooden structures, the authors list the main advantages - it is comfortable and environmentally friendly and material.
Thermodiffusion problem of determining the stress state of a steel shell structure
Authors: Emelyanov Igor
Published: December 2019

In various engineering industries, including railroad transport, metal structural elements are sometimes operated under external thermomechanical loads while being also exposed to aggressive environments. The impact of an aggressive environment on the mechanical properties of metals is one of the dominant factors, which determines structure strength and service life, as it usually deteriorates the mechanical properties of materials. The thermodiffusion problem of determining the stress state of a steel shell structure is considered. The subject of the study is a compound steel shell of revolution loaded with internal pressure and operating in a hydrogen-containing environment at high temperatures. The purpose of this study is to determine the stress state of the shell taking into account the changes in the mechanical properties due to simultaneous exposure to temperature and hydrogen. In the suggested approach, the thermodiffusion and mechanical problems are coupled by taking into account the changes in stress-strain diagrams of steel samples as temperature and hydrogen concentration increase. The boundary problem of heat conduction and diffusion is solved using the finite elements method. The system of differential equations for the boundary problem of shell stress state is integrated using S. K. Godunov’s method of discrete orthogonalization. The method is based on stepwise orthogonalization of the solution vectors of the Cauchy problem. The obtained solution allowed determining the site of maximal stresses and drawing conclusions on the strength of the studied structure when increasing hydrogen concentration and internal pressure.
Bioeconomy in Arctic regions of Russia: problems and prospects
Authors: Shcherbak Anton , Tishkov Sergey , Karginova-Gubinova Valentina
Published: December 2019

The article is dedicated to the relevant issue of rural and coastal communities in Arctic Russia and Nordics development. As a result of the modern development of society, rural areas have undergone significant changes. People are leaving rural areas due to a lack of education and vocational training opportunities, unemployment, and limited social contact. Recognition of the importance of depopulation of the rural area has required all countries to look at their strategy of development in a new way. The article identifies the main directions for the development of the rural area in Arctic regions. The authors proposed measures on how to increase the attractiveness of living in rural areas by economic measures. The article identifies the main directions for the development of these territories the bioeconomy.
Load on the air conditioning system in a room with non-round-the-clock working day in the warm season
Authors: Malyavina Elena , Lomakin Alexander
Published: December 2019

Calculations of the maximum load on the cooling units of air conditioning systems are important, as they determine the installation capacity of an air conditioner. The load value is influenced by the share of the radiant component in the sum of heat gains coming into a room and making up the load, and the internal thermal stability of the room. Herewith, as the theory of thermal stability states, the higher the internal resistance, the smoother the load peaks, since the heat that comes to an enclosing structure surface is more easily deviated into heavier building materials forming the room interior finishing. In addition, the maximum load on the part-time operating room cooling devices depends on the degree of the room overheating before the beginning of the working day. Moreover, when a room has a minor interior finishing, the heat coming to the inner surfaces of the enclosing structures does not move into the enclosing structure, but raises its temperature. Calculations of the room daily periodic unsteady thermal mode were performed by the method of finite differences in Cartesian coordinates according to an implicit scheme. Provision has been made of calculations of the rooms with different internal heat resistance, the windows of which are facing one of the cardinal directions: South, East, West. The performed calculations have shown the feasibility of heavy finishing for rooms with a high proportion of incoming radiant heat.
Energy potential of sustainable development of the region
Authors: Saparova Botagoz , Zhussupova Aigerim , Sydykova Bibinur , Rud Natalia
Published: December 2019

At the present stage, the whole world is facing serious energy challenges, including the rapid growth of energy consumption, the inevitable exhaustion of energy resources with an extremely uneven distribution, a large environmental burden on nature, and the globalization of energy. The electric power industry harms the environment with its excessive emissions of pollutants, which is reflected globally. The article first of all offers a literary review of studies on this topic. A comparative description of the achievements of countries in the field of emission schedules is proposed, as well as the prospects for drawing up a schedule of emission intensity for the period up to 2030 in comparison with countries. In addition, this paper presents unresolved problems that impede sustainable development, which guarantees the stability of the future existence of mankind. These challenges hamper the sustainable development of the energy industry in the long term and the global sustainable development and prospects for green economic growth of the country. Thus, the relevance of the subject of the study is due to the lack of resources, reflecting the relationship of trends in reducing pollution from the activities of industry with the conditions of economic growth.
The property of manufacturability of the architectural system as a component of a single and holistic composite solution
Authors: Pleshivtsev Alexander
Published: December 2019

Purpose:Analysis of modern methods (theory) of composition as a priority motivation of artistic and creative thinking in the process of architectural activity. Study of the influence of the complex properties of manufacturability on the nature of the formation of composite solutions of architectural systems.Methods and materials:dialectical approach, generally accepted logical research methods (analysis, system approach, generalization) and their synthesis using relevant information materials.Results:the basic means, regularities and principles of composition that determine the features of the formation of architectural systems are established. The analysis of the action of the basic (canonical) law of architectural composition and the conditions for the formation of a holistic and unified compositional solutions. The conceptual apparatus of the category (complex property) of “manufacturability” as a subject feature of the features of manufacturing, transportation, construction and operation of the architectural system is given. The direct nature of the interaction of “canonical” types (functional, constructive, artistic and aesthetic) and technological components in the tectonic display of the properties of the architectural system is established.Conclusions:Manufacturability of architectural systems formation is an equivalent component (in relation to the constructive, functional and artistic-aesthetic components) of a single and integral compositional solution. Indicators of the complex properties of manufacturability largely determine the functional quality of architectural systems.
Properties of lightweight dry masonry mixtures for winter conditions
Authors: Semenov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2019

The construction of building envelopes using effective small-piece elements requires the use of lightweight masonry mortars, obtained, as a rule, from dry mixtures. One of the most effective ways to obtain such mortars is the introduction of hollow ceramic microspheres into their composition as a lightweight filler. For the climatic conditions of the Russian Federation, it is relevant to use dry masonry mixtures in the winter version, which gain strength at negative temperatures. The main purpose of this work was the development of optimal compositions of modified dry masonry mixes with hollow ceramic microspheres and antifreeze additives for use in winter conditions. Determination of the main properties of dry mixes and masonry mortars was carried out according to standard methods. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to research of the microstructure and phase composition of the materials. As a result of this research, the compositions of the lightweight dry masonry mixtures for winter conditions were developed. The main properties of the mortar mixtures and mortars were determined and structure and composition of new phases of cement stone were studied as well.
Improvement of the modified heavy concrete properties based on the use of activated silica fume
Authors: Tkach Evgeniya
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the use of silica fume and ways of its activation to modify the structure of cement stone and concrete on its basis. With regard to any type of filler, namely silica fume, questions that are relevant: how to enter and how many, what mechanisms are involved in the process of structure formation, how much it costs achieved by the effect of modifying the structure and others. Formation of the answers to these questions require a systematic approach to vision problems. Therefore the role of microdispersed fillers in the modification process of the cement stone and concrete structures based on it must be considered together with other sized inclusions at different scale levels. The technology of synthesis of the complex additive based on ultrafine microsilica and superplasticizer “Plastilit RK” with characteristics allowing to use it as an effective additive in concrete has been developed. Studies have confirmed the effect of micro-silica fume in an acid medium (pH=2.1), enriched with oxonium H3O + ions, oxonium cations provide H+, and in an alkaline medium (pH=10-11), enriched with hydroxyl groups OH– - anions OH-, with obtaining dimers of orthosilicic acid Si (OH)4. It was shown that orthosilicic acid particles formed during the chemical dispersion of silica fume are additional crystallization centers, which allows speeding up the process of cement hydration.
Revisiting architectural landmarks
Authors: Kosenkova Natalia , Litvinov Denis , Kosenkova Yelizaveta
Published: December 2019

This paper discusses the urban development history of Samara and the nuances of how its urban pattern was formed. The paper highlights the key milestones in the history of the city’s development, addresses how the unplanned and planned cities were structured, and considers the city’s main historic squares. It also analyzes the part the city squares play in modern Samara. The definition of the term architectural landmark provides the basis for several primary classifications of architectural landmarks, identifying the historic landmarks of Samara. Also considered is the part that the primary architectural landmarks played in forming the historical and modern urban environment as well as how that part changed as the city grew and developed. The paper also addresses the effect that later development has had on the historic landmarks. Keywords: city, urban development, architectural landmarks, city structure, planned city.
The study of the sociospatial aspect of green building in St.Petersburg: theoretical and practical aspects
Authors: Orlovskaya Tamara , Ershova Svetlana
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the modern problems of green building. The duality of the greening problem in large cities is noted: on the one hand, this is one of the factors of conflict, on the other hand, the factor of the quality of life, creativity of the city, and its image level. The selection of factors for the analysis was carried out taking into account the research of Russian and foreign scientists and the possibility of obtaining reliable statistics. The study was conducted according to the landscaping of the districts of St. Petersburg. As a result of the study, clustering of St. Petersburg districts was carried out according to greenery indicators, the level of green construction in each of the considered territories of the city was estimated. A paired analysis of indicators made it possible to identify the most problematic areas of the city, to conduct a comparative assessment of the districts according to the level of greenery and their sufficiency to create a comfortable environment
Aspects of anthropotechnics reliability of materials and products for non-collapsible and collapsible systems in high-rise construction
Authors: Kazaryan Ruben
Published: December 2019

In engineering systems, which are used in construction industry and its production (buildings, constructions, roads), two fundamentally different ways of mechanical joint are used: non-collapsible and collapsible. Some architects relate non-collapsible objects to monolithic and consider their recycling as a difficult and expensive process. Compression joints on self-locking fittings can be considered as non-collapsible as well. A compression connection cannot be disassembled without destroying. Collapsible joint differs from non-collapsible by the following features: 1. You can disassemble it to original components according to a prior technology, identify and change defective elements or add some other components. 2. It requires periodic inspection and maintenance because of climatic conditions (temperature changes, pressure changes, wind loads, etc.), and the specificity of operation of this joint leads to a decrease in its mechanical properties. 3. It is forbidden to make them monolithic, so collapsible joints are mounted in an accessible way. Collapsible finishing system is a new fundamental direction of building reconstruction in the TTS system “man-technologyenvironment” in high-rise construction objects.
System of greening of urban spaces and its role in optimization of the micro- and bioclimate environment
Authors: Giyasov Adham
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the issue of sustainable development of green areas of the urbanized environment. The main problems of the functional filling of the open spaces of the urban territory with a green structure in the natural framework system and the impact of landscaping on the ecological environment are considered. The role of the urban greening system in multi-storey buildings with the aim of optimizing the micro- and bioclimatic environment is studied. Examples of using landscaping techniques as an important component of the natural landscape as means to compensate for anthropogenic impact are given. Real data have been obtained on the microclimatic and bioclimatic effectiveness of landscaping of various sizes, which determine the planning structure of the urban area with the appropriate techniques and principles of landscaping in the field of dendrology of cities of southern latitude. Variants of intensive landscaping of the urban area are proposed.
Description of the universal model of design system
Authors: Sinenko Sergey , Fakhratov Mukhammet , Akbari Mohammad Sharif
Published: December 2019

The article proposes one way to describe the design model. Definitions of the basic concepts of design are given. The design process is considered as a certain representation of the project for the construction of an object in all conditions. Design routes, design operations algorithms, including tools for evaluating user indicators, methods for determining design resources, describe it. The description forms are well known to everyone: maps, circuits, matrix, linear and network models, etc. A model of a design system is considered. The mathematical description of design procedures allows for a deeper analysis and generalization of design analysis data. In a production design system, which is a particular type of more general organizational system, each element has a specific production role associated with a particular person’s position in the production team. Thus, the elemental base of the design system is formed by subsystems, their elements, designers, and each designer carry out the conversion of resources. The model is illustrated by an example.The concepts introduced in the article and the proposed model make it possible to define organizational management as a process of redistributing the organizational system modules over technological and information modules.
An integrated approach to the use of composite materials for the restoration of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Rimshin Vladimir , Truntov Pavel
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of a technical inspection of the state of the structures of the object. To conduct the study, horizontal structures of the sludge pool that were exposed to the carbonization reaction were taken for the objects under investigation. Defects and damages of the considered structures revealed during visual inspection are described. The degree of carbonization of reinforced concrete structures was determined by the phenolphthalein sample method. According to the results of the technical inspection, a verification calculation of the beam was carried out in order to determine its bearing capacity for assessing the suitability for further operation after restoration and strengthening. The calculation was performed using software. Based on the calculation results, data on the bearing capacity of the beam reinforced with composite materials were determined. The option of restoring and strengthening the beam using external reinforcement based on carbon fibers FibArm 230/150 is presented. The restoration was carried out taking into account the carbonized concrete layer. Based on the results of the study, an assessment is given of the application of an integrated approach to the restoration and strengthening of structures with composite materials, taking into account the carbonized concrete layer.
Methods of Machine Learning in the Master’s Educational Program
Authors: Krichevsky Mikhail , Martynova Julia , Budagov Artur
Published: December 2019

This article considers methods of machine learning, which are introduced into the master’s educational program under the direction of “Organization and management of knowledge-intensive industries”. This direction should be primarily focused on the digitalization of education. Digital economy, which is rapidly becoming part of modern management and production methods, is changing approaches to education and universities, which should graduate people who comply with the requirements of the digital job environment. The study is aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of machine learning methods in case of their introduction into the disciplines of this direction. Thus, we can switch from a qualitative description of most disciplines in this direction to a quantitative interpretation of the results. The task at hand is best solved by such machine learning tools as neural and fuzzy systems that can be used to solve classification, regression and clustering problems. We have analysed the composition of disciplines and have chosen the most important ones in terms of the introduction of machine learning methods into them. The article presents the possibilities of using machine learning methods by the example of a number of practical exercises that are included in the programs of disciplines of this direction. We have identified a number of disciplines of this direction, which need to be supplemented with additional machine learning materials. The article offers the composition of such materials, including theoretical foundations and practical exercises in selected disciplines. The study provides solutions of the most important practical tasks from various disciplines, obtained with the help of Statistica and MatLab software products.
Cold accumulators in air conditioning systems
Authors: Shlychkov Dmitriy
Published: December 2019

The appropriateness of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems has been assessed. A cooling system with a storage tank is considered, in which ice is frozen on the outer surface of the evaporator heat exchange tubes. It is established that the accumulation of cold can lead to a significant reduction in cash costs. The analysis of the experience of using cold accumulators in air conditioning systems allows drawing the following conclusions: the most common solution for accumulating cold is the use of ice accumulators with ice freezing on the heat exchange surface of evaporators located in the storage tank; the melting mode of ice in ice accumulators with the chiller turned off is adopted in designing. The area of the heat exchange surface of the ice accumulator apparatus during cooling of ice water should be determined mainly depending on the conditions of ice melting; to freeze ice, it is necessary to increase the heat exchange surface area of the evaporator and lower the boiling point to minus 10...15 °C. Specific energy costs (kW of electricity per kW of cold) increase by 2 or more times, which reduces profit.