bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Пионеры исследований толпы в зарубежной психологии: Сципион Сигеле и Анри Фурниаль
Authors: Gorbatov Dmitry S. , Baychik Anna V.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. By the end of the 19th century the society had to adapt to new threats—namely, increasing the number and activity of the proletariat masses and spreading socialist and anarchist ideas. Many researchers concentrated their study on characteristics of crowds. Scipio Sighele and Henry Fournial have been pioneers in this field.
Theoretical Basis. The paper describes two concepts which provided a starting point for studying crowds in foreign psychology. The main issues considered by Scipio Sighele and Henry Fournial were as follows: characteristics of the crowd as a social institution, its properties, activization factors, characteristics of leaders, personality changes within crowds, and the problem of criminal liability for mass crimes. The paper presents an innovative view of (a) the origin of excessive generalization of the crowd concept, (b) its uncritical acceptance in defining a number of social organizations, (c) and wrongful attributing characteristics of individual women to the crowd as the subject of mass action.
Results. The revealed tendencies and a clearly distorted perception of crowds among representatives of the anthropological and criminalistic approach determined the critical attitude towards new science of temporary social groups.
Discussion. A distinct trend towards isolated cognitive constructs and almost complete disregard for the study of the past contribute to a distorted understanding of the phenomenon of crowds in modern social psychology of spontaneous groups. The ideas of researchers of the past seem to be a necessary precondition for developing a holistic approach to this problem.
Highlights

Sighele and H. Fournial created the background for scientific understanding of the phenomenon of crowds until the mid 20th century; they considered the characteristics of the crowd as a social institution, its properties, activization factors, characteristics of leaders, personality changes within crowds, the problem of criminal responsibility for mass crimes.
Methodological weaknesses in S. Sighele’s and H. Fournial’s studies included: (a) attributing negative traits of criminal crowds to other crowd types, (b) attributing a reduced intellectual potential to any meeting, and (c) attributing characteristics of women in the crowd to the crowd as the subject of mass action.
The heritage of S. Sighele, H. Fournial, and other researchers of the initial period can help in overcoming excessive individualism and rationalism in modern crowd psychology.
Психолого-педагогические технологии преодоления смыслового барьера в учебном процессе
Authors: Osipova Alla A. , Dyatlova Lidiya A. , Ryadinskaya Evgeniya N. , Luk'yanenko Marina A.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. In modern psychological and educational science various barriers are considered to be certain psychological obstacles preventing an individual from reaching a new level in problem solving and obstructing the implementation of ongoing activities, in particular, communication with others (e.g., cognitive barriers, learning barriers, communication barriers). Meaning barriers – a specific type of barriers – are interpreted as obstacles in meaning-making and meaning-revealing. The paper introduces a new approach to overcoming meaning barriers in the teacher-student interaction process.
Theoretical Basis. In the learning process, which the modern theory of meaning defines as the process of transferring meanings between the teacher and the student, interpreting meaning barriers has its unique characteristics. In the teacher-student meaning interactions, the acceptance of meanings takes place at various levels. In so doing, meaning barriers may emerge as a subjective dissonance, as an obstacle to meaning-seeking activities and to the actualization of meanings at the level of awareness and meaning reflection. Meaning barriers in the learning process may differ from those in other contexts by their mechanisms, functions, and means that could be used to overcome them.
Results. When analyzing the differentiation of meaning barriers in the learning process, the authors faced the necessity to search for both direct and indirect means of overcoming meaning barriers to learning, which could be instrumental in modeling learning situations in order to overcome meaning barriers in the actual practice of the learning process. The authors analyzed various technologies for meaning initiations, discovered their didactic effects and developing resources, and presented the experimental studies confirming the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Discussion. The analysis of various pedagogical technologies demonstrated their potential applicability for overcoming meaning barriers to learning.
Highlights

Psychological and pedagogical technologies for overcoming meaning barriers to learning are among the most topical directions for improving the learning process in modern education.
Arising from learning activities, meaning barriers function as both constructive and destructive factors for such activities.
The regulatory effect of meaning barriers blocks less effective learning strategies and redirects learners’ searching activities toward acquiring more effective strategies.
The obtained results suggest the importance of developing technological ensuring for the framework of meanings in education.
Особенности представлений подростков о правах ребенка
Authors: Chernaya Anna V. , Grishina Lyudmila N.
Published: September 2018

Introduction. The studies on children’s rights actualize the unity of the external and internal. The external means social environment which interacts with the subject. The internal implies the subject’s inner reality, ensuring his/her self-realization, autonomy, and freedom. The paper (a) describes the interrelationship between the problems in studying children’s rights and the issues of child welfare and education in the field of human/children’s rights, (b) concentrates on methods for studying notions about children’s rights, (c) considers the principles of children’s participation in the study of their rights, (d) presents diagnostic tools, and (e) provides the results of an empirical study on notions about children’s rights among adolescents aged 10–15 years.
Methods. The study employed the Rapid Survey on Notions About Children’s Rights which followed the principles and logic of (a) the Flash Eurobarometer: The Rights of the Child and (b) the Children‘s Report on Child Rights by UNICEF.
Results. The study revealed characteristics and age differences in notions about children’s rights among adolescents. Adolescents aged 14–15 years were characterized by (a) greater awareness of the rights of the child, (b) comprehension of their importance and impossibility of restriction, and (c) preference of sources of information on children’s rights.
Discussion. The present study is the first on age differences in notions about children’s rights, which introduces a new diagnostic tool—namely, the Rapid Survey on Notions About Children’s Rights. The results of the empirical study on notions about children’s rights among adolescents can be readily used in developing programs of adolescents’ psychological education in the field of children’s rights. The findings have great potential in educational psychologists’ professional activities.
Highlights

Adolescents’ notions about children’s rights reflect their generalized social experience concerning (a) the importance of the rights of the child, (b) activities of the states in protecting children’s rights, and (c) special education and information on the rights of the child in mass media.
Age tendencies revealing the components of adolescents’ social experience determine age differences in notions about children’s rights among adolescents aged 10-11, 12-13, and 14–15 years.
Adolescents’ notions about children’s rights can be useful for developing programs of psychological education of children and adolescents in the field of children’s rights.
Определение концентрации водорода по фотоэдс МДП структур Pd-оксид-InP
Authors: Гребенщикова Е.А. , Салихов Х.М. , Сидоров В.Г. , Шутаев В.А. , Яковлев Ю.П.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe photovoltage of a metal–insulator–semiconductor structure (Pd–anodic oxide–InP) is studied in relation to the hydrogen concentration in the range 0 . 1–100 vol % in a nitrogen–hydrogen gas mixture. It is shown that, under simultaneous exposure of the structure to light and hydrogen, the photovoltage decay rate and the hydrogen concentration are exponentially related to each other: N _H = a exp( bS ). Here, N _H is the hydrogen concentration (vol %) in the nitrogen–hydrogen mixture. S = dU / dt |_ t  _= 0 is the rate at which the signal U changes in the initial portion of the photovoltage decay, beginning from the instant at which the structure is brought into contact with the gas mixture. a and b are constants dependent on the thicknesses of the palladium layer and anodic oxide film on InP.
Положительный заряд в КНС-гетероструктурах с межслойным оксидом кремния
Authors: Попов В.П. , Антонов В.А. , Вдовин В.И.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe continuous transfer of (001)Si layers 0.2–1.7 μm thick by implanted hydrogen to the c -sapphire surface during direct bonding at high temperatures of 300–500°C is demonstrated for the first time. The formation of an intermediate silicon-oxide layer SiO_ x during subsequent heat treatments at 800–1100°C, whose increase in thickness (up to 3 nm) correlates with an increase in the positive charge Q _ i at the heterointerface to ~1.5 × 10^12 cm^–2 in contrast to the negative charge at the SiO_ x /Al_2O_3 ALD heterointerface. During silicon-layer transfer to sapphire with a thermal silicon-dioxide layer, Q _ i decreases by more than an order of magnitude to 5 × 10^10 cm^–2 with an increase in the SiO_2 thickness from 50 to 400 nm, while the electron and hole mobilities barely differ from the values in bulk silicon. Based on these results, a qualitative model of the formation of positively charged oxygen vacancies in a 5-nm sapphire layer near the bonding interface is proposed.
Фазовые состояния негейзенберговского магнетика со спином S=3/2 на треугольной решетке
Authors: Клевец Ф.Н. , Неклюдов Е.А. , Фридман Ю.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhase states of an isotropic non-Heisenberg magnet with a magnetic ion spin of 3/2 on a triangular lattice are studied. It is shown that both dipole (ferro- and antiferromagnetic) and tensor (nematic and antinematic) phases can be implemented in the system. A phase diagram of the model under is constructed.
Микроструктура и механические свойства многослойных alpha-AlN/alpha-BCN-покрытий в зависимости от плотности тока при распылении мишени B-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-C
Authors: Погребняк А.Д. , Иващенко В.И. , Ердыбаева Н.К. , Купчишин А.И. , Лисовенко М.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultilayer AlN/BCN coating of nanometer scale have been prepared by magnetron sputtering of Al and B_4C targets in an argon–nitrogen atmosphere during deposition on a Si substrate. These coating have an X-ray amorphous structure and the maximum Knoop hardness of 27 GPa (at the current density 100 mA). The first-principle molecular dynamics calculations show that the B4–BN layer is dynamically unstable; thus, it will not be epitaxial and will be amorphous or have a structure different from the B4–BN structure. The thermal vacuum annealing from 600 to 800°C of samples with multilayer nanosized coating leads to the decrease in the Knoop hardness to 18 GPa; however, the coating structure is retained X-ray amorphous.
Структура и колебательные свойства гидратов оксианионных кристаллов из первых принципов
Authors: Корабельников Д.В. , Журавлев Ю.Н.
Published: September 2018

AbstractStructural parameters and IR spectra of hydrates of lithium and sodium perchlorates, calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum), and lithium nitrate hydrate are calculated ab initio using the density functional theory. The bond lengths in the water molecules are established as functions of length and energy of hydrogen bonds. The relationship between lengths of intra-anionic and hydrogen bonds is considered. The splitting of intramolecular vibrations of water is highlighted. The stretching vibration frequency of water is determined as a function of length and energy of hydrogen bonds. The combined (mixed) vibrations of anions and molecules of water with frequencies below 1400 cm^–1 are feasible as well.
Фотополимеризация в слоях фуллерена молекулярного донорно-акцепторного комплекса \Pt(nPr-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-dtc)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-\·(C-=SUB=-60-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Мелетов К.П.
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe measured Raman spectra in crystals of molecular donor–acceptor fullerene complexes { Me ( n Pr_2 dtc )_2} · (C_60)_2 ( Me = Ni, Cu, Pt). In the spectra of the {Pt( n Pr_2 dtc )_2} · (C_60)_2 complex under prolonged irradiation with a laser with λ = 532 nm, characteristic changes in the photopolymerization of fullerene are observed, associated with the splitting of degenerate phonon Hg modes and softening of Ag modes of the C_60 molecule. The kinetics of photopolymerization under conditions of weak irradiation at room temperature is studied. It was found that thermal destruction of the photopolymer with increasing temperature leads to a decrease in its concentration in the final photopolymerization product. The kinetics of thermal destruction is described by the Arrhenius equation, with the activation energy E _A of (0.68 ± 0.03) eV; the dimers are destructed to a concentration of 1% within 15 min at ~114°C.
Пространственные эффекты при взаимодействии ударной волны с продольным каналом газа пониженной плотности
Authors: Георгиевский П.Ю. , Левин В.А. , Сутырин О.Г.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree-dimensional interaction of a shock with lateral low-density gas channel of round, elliptic or rectangular cross-section is numerically studied using Euler’s equations. The structure of formed shock wave precursor is described in detail. Internal shear layer instabilities in three-dimensional flow are shown to develop faster than in axisymmetric case. Moderate amplification of high-pressure jet cumulation effect is noted for elliptic and rectangular channel cases. Dependence of precursor growth rate on cross-section shape is studied. It is found that stretching of cross-section shape significantly increases the duration of linear precursor growth phase.
The Relationship between Intradialytic Hypotension and Hospitalized Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Seong Eun Young , Zheng Yuanchao , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Chang Tara I.
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

Mesenteric ischemia is a rare but devastating condition caused by insufficient blood supply to meet the demands of intestinal metabolism. In patients with ESKD, it can be difficult to diagnose and has a >70% mortality rate. Patients on hemodialysis have a high prevalence of predisposing conditions for mesenteric ischemia, but the contribution of intradialytic hypotension, a potential modifiable risk factor, has not been well described.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We used data from the US Renal Data System to identify 626 patients on hemodialysis with a hospitalized mesenteric ischemia event (cases). We selected 2428 controls in up to a 1:4 ratio matched by age, sex, black race, incident dialysis year, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. We used six different definitions of intradialytic hypotension on the basis of prior studies, and categorized patients as having had intradialytic hypotension if ≥30% of hemodialysis sessions in the 30 days before the event met the specified definition.

Results

The proportion of patients with intradialytic hypotension varied depending on its definition: from 19% to 92% of cases and 11% to 94% of controls. Cases had a higher adjusted odds (1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.47 to 2.26) of having had intradialytic hypotension in the preceding 30 days than controls when using nadir-based intradialytic hypotension definitions such as nadir systolic BP <90 mm Hg. To examine a potential dose-response association of intradialytic hypotension with hospitalized mesenteric ischemia, we categorized patients by the proportion of hemodialysis sessions having intradialytic hypotension, defined using the Nadir90 definition (0%, 1%–9%, 10%–29%, 30%–49%, and ≥50%), and found a direct association of proportion of intradialytic hypotension with hospitalized mesenteric ischemia (P-trend<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with hospitalized mesenteric ischemia had significantly higher odds of having had intradialytic hypotension in the preceding 30 days than controls, as defined by nadir-based definitions.
Memory in Linguistic Narrative vs. Postmodern Multitasked Multimedia Art Memory
Authors: Srnic Vesna , Kolar Emina Berbic , Ilic Igor
Published: September 2018

In addition to the well-known classification of long-term and short-term memory, we are also interested in distinguishing episodic, semantic and procedural memory in the areas of linguistic narrative and multimedial semantic deconstruction in postmodernism. We compare the liveliness of memorization in literary tradition and literature art with postmodernist divisions and reverberations of traditional memorizations through human multitasking and performative multimedia art, as well as formulate the existence of creative, intuitive and superhuman paradigms.
Since the memory can be physical, psychological or spiritual, according to neurobiologist Dr. J. Bauer (Das Gedächtnis des Körpers, 2004), the greatest importance for memorizing has the social role of collaboration, and consequently the personal transformation and remodelling of genomic architecture, yet the media theorist Mark Hansen thinks technology brings different solutions of framing function (Hansen, 2000). We believe that postmodern deconstruction does not necessarily damage memory, especially in the field of human multitasking that utilizes multimedia performative art by means of anthropologization of technology, thereby enhancing artistic and affective pre&post-linguistic experience while unifying technology and humans through intuitive empathy in society.
The economic and humanistic burden of patients in receipt of current available therapies for nAMD
Authors: Jaffe Dena H , Chan Wing , Bezlyak Vladimir , Skelly Adrian
Published: September 2018

Aim:
To determine the economic and humanistic burden of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a cohort of patients treated with anti-VEGF in Europe and the US.
Patients & methods:
 79 respondents from the EU and 63 from the US with a self-reported diagnosis of nAMD and in current receipt of treatment, as reported in an international, general population survey, were compared with non-nAMD controls.
Results:
Anti-VEGF-treated nAMD patients in the EU had a greater utilization of healthcare resources, poorer quality of life and greater overall activity impairment versus non-nAMD controls. In the US cohort, treated nAMD patients had significantly greater resource utilization for ophthalmologist visits only.
Conclusion:
The burden of care associated with nAMD on EU and US healthcare systems, and on patients who are in receipt of nAMD therapy, is significant and likely to be unsustainable.
Visually re-design service processes for quality sustainable development
Authors: Yeung Shirley Mo-Ching , Ko Chloe , Leung Heidi
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review the ways of identifying the process improvement areas with quality sustainable development (SD) mindset via visual process re-design to engage the learners studying service design to become a future sustainable development leader. This paper draws conclusions from a visual service re-design process of establishing an E-platform by undergraduate students with contents related to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 wellbeing and 4 quality of education. The visual E-platform in ecotourism industry provides a mindset of integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes, perspectives and values of undergraduate students. After reviewing literature on sustainable development mindset, sustainable development goals and corporate social responsibility (CSR), it has been found that the attributes of E-platform creators are – knowing and being; and perception of service re-design – inputs of UNSDGs and UNPRME in ecotourism and system thinking; processes of integrated sustainable issues affecting the outputs of service innovation related to quality sustainable development. Though the findings are of managerial relevant to sustainable development mindset, responsible management education and service design, validation of the E-platform with on-going quantitative and qualitative data are required for a holistic view of building a sustainable development mindset with innovative integration of ecotourism processes. The ultimate output of the paper is an integrated E-platform of ecotourism with multi-disciplinary knowledge. Therefore, academics, industry practitioners, NGOs and policymakers shall consider these findings when exploring the ways of establishing sustainable development mindset in an innovative way in ecotourism.
Intelligent image classification-based on spatial weighted histograms of concentric circles
Authors: Zafar Bushra , Ashraf Rehan , Ali Nouman , Ahmed Mudassar , Jabbar Sohail , Naseer Kashif , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil
Published: September 2018

As digital images play a vital role in multimedia content, the automatic classification of images is an open research problem. The Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) model is used for image classification, retrieval and object recognition problems. In the BoVW model, a histogram of visual words is computed without considering the spatial layout of the 2-D image space. The performance of BoVW suffers due to a lack of information about spatial details of an image. Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) is a popular technique that computes the spatial layout of the 2-D image space. However, SPM is not rotation-invariant and does not allow a change in pose and view point, and it represents the image in a very high dimensional space. In this paper, the spatial contents of an image are added and the rotations are dealt with efficiently, as compared to approaches that incorporate spatial contents. The spatial information is added by constructing the histogram of circles, while rotations are dealt with by using concentric circles. A weighed scheme is applied to represent the image in the form of a histogram of visual words. Extensive evaluation of benchmark datasets and the comparison with recent classification models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed representation outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of classification accuracy.
X3S: A multi-modal approach to monitor and assess stress through human-computer interaction
Authors: Gonçalves Filipe , Carneiro Davide , Pêgo José , Novais Paulo
Published: September 2018

There have been a variety of research approaches that have examined the stress issues related to human-computer interaction including laboratory studies, cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal case studies and intervention studies. A critical review of these studies indicates that there are important physiological, biochemical, somatic and psychological indicators of stress that are related to work activities where human-computer interaction occurs. In a medical or biological context, stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension, which can cause or influence the course of many medical conditions including psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety. In these cases, individuals are under an increasing demand for performance, driving them to be under constant pressure, and consequently to present variations in their levels of stress. To mitigate this condition, this paper proposes to add a new dimension in human?computer interaction through the development of a distributed multi-modal framework approach entitled X3S, which aims to monitor and assess the psychological stress of computer users during high-end tasks, in a non-intrusive and non-invasive way, through the access of soft sensors activity (e.g. task performance and human behaviour). This approach presents as its main innovative key the capacity to validate each stress model trained for each individual through the analysis of cortisol and stress assessment survey data. Overall, this paper discusses how groups of medical students can be monitored through their interactions with the computer. Its main aim is to provide a stress marker that can be effectively used in large numbers of users and without inconvenience.
Prediction of oily water separation efficiency by fiber beds using a new filter media property
Authors: Sokolovic Dunja , Hadnadjev-Kostic Milica , Kiralj Arpad , Secerov-Sokolovic Radmila
Published: September 2018

Bed coalescers are compact, easy to install, automate, and maintain with the ability to achieve high separation efficiencies. They have been increasingly applied in the industry even though their design often requires pilot plant experiments. In this paper, a new wetting property of polymer fibers regarding polar mineral oils was established. This property can be important for selection of filter media for liquid-liquid separation in many industrial applications. Medical oil was selected as the new reference liquid that does not wet the investigated polymers. The lipophilic/lyophobic ratio (LLR) reached values ranging from 3.28 to 18.81 and increased with the increase of the mineral oil polarity measured by the oil neutralization number. The LLR values were in an excellent agreement with the results obtained from the separation efficiency of a steady-state bed coalescer. Thus, simple, fast and inexpensive experiments can replace pilot plant or at least laboratory testing aiming at selecting a polymer for oil separation from wastewater.
Oscillatory reaction as a system detector for doped and undoped phosphate tungsten bronzes
Authors: Maksimovic Tijana , Maksimovic Jelena , Joksovic Ljubinka , Nedic Zoran , Pagnacco Maja
Published: September 2018

Phosphate tungsten bronzes, obtained by thermal treatment, are insufficiently investigated bronzes and there is scarce literature data on their chemical behavior and structure. Due to high-sensitivity of the Briggs-Rauscher (BR) reaction to addition of different analytes, this oscillatory reaction presents a potentially important chemical system for investigation and characterization of phosphate-tungsten bronzes, doped and undoped. The reaction mixture for the oscillatory BR reaction typically consists of H2O2, HClO4, KIO3, Mn(II) (catalyst), and CH2(COOH)2 (malonic acid, as an organic substrate). This paper deals with phosphate tungsten bronzes (PWB) and lithium doped phosphate tungsten bronzes (LiPWB) and their effects on the Briggs-Rauscher reaction dynamics. It is shown that the addition of phosphate tungsten bronzes decreases the oscillatory period length in this reaction. Furthermore, the obtained results show that PWB has a stronger influence on the BR reaction dynamics then LiPWB. In both cases, the oscillatory period is a linear function of the added bronze mass. The obtained linear functions can be successfully used for determination of the unknown bronze mass. Furthermore, due to different slopes of these functions, the Briggs-Rauscher reaction can be used as a system-detector for lithium doped and undoped phosphate tungsten bronzes. In order to elucidate the mechanism of bronze action, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the total contents of K, Mn, W, Li. The aliquots of the above solution (i.e. CH2(COOH)2, MnSO4, HClO4, KIO3 but without H2O2) with the identical masses of PWB and LiPWB were examined. For the sake of comparison, contents of the metals in the solution without the bronze addition were measured, as well. Results obtained by the ICP-OES analysis show that the bronze structure is disturbed in the strong oxidizing environment (iodate in acidic solution) so that both, tungsten and lithium, leach into the BR solution. Accordingly, the proposed mechanism of the bronze action is probably by the reaction of tungsten ion with hydrogen-peroxide resulting in formation of a tungsten-peroxo complex. This complex is a stronger oxidizing agent then hydrogen peroxide itself. Thus, formation of the tungsten-peroxo complex potentially affects the kinetics of the Briggs-Rauscher reaction.
Solar thermal and wind energy applications: Case study of a small Spanish village
Authors: Ioakimidis Christos , Koutra Sesil , Bagheri Ali , Genikomsakis Konstantinos
Published: September 2018

The present work examines the supply of heating and electricity to the Spanish village of Uruena, using biomass and other local renewable sources as a result of the growing interest worldwide towards the development of sustainable and energy independent small communities. Specifically, this case study considers the design of a district heating system consisting of a solar heating plant, a biomass plant using straw as a sustainable fuel for the base load and an oil boiler for the peak load, coupled with a hot water tank as a thermal energy storage option. Two alternative scenarios are analyzed for electricity generation purposes, namely a system consisting of three small wind turbines and a system with a single large wind turbine. The results show that the cost of large-scale electricity storage depends on the application and often involves significant capital investments.
Theoretical model for ablation of thick aluminum film on polyimide substrate by laser etching
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Xiong Yuqing , Ren Ni , Wang Rui , Wu Gan
Published: September 2018

The ablation mechanism of thick aluminum film on polyimide by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser etching was investigated. By establishing a theoretical model based on interaction of laser and material, the effects of laser parameters including laser power, equivalent laser pulse number, and scanning velocity of laser beam were studied. The results show that when a laser beam with fluence higher than the etching threshold of aluminum irradiated onto the target surface, the etched depth for a single laser pulse is a definite value; the equivalent laser pulse number can be derived when a polyimide plate coated with aluminum film was selected as an object of study. Namely, an optimized etched result can be obtained which corresponds to certain laser fluences and beam scanning velocities. By substituting the calculated results of laser processing parameters into a finite element simulation, the etched results of aluminum film on polyimide could be achieved. The simulated and experimental results present a good coincidence, and the results can be used to set practical laser processing parameters.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT PADA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI IAIN PALANGKA RAYA (KAJIAN MOTIVASI MASYARAKAT UNTUK MASUK KE IAIN PALANGKA RAYA)
Authors: Hartati Zainap
Published: September 2018

IAIN Palangka Raya merupakan satu-satunya perguruan Tinggi Islam Negeri yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah, walaupun terdapat beberapa perguruan tinggi baik negeri maupun swasta dari berbagai lintas agama yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah. Kota Palangka Raya memiliki  Visi sebagai kota pendidikan dan terdapat  satu Madrasah Alyah Negeri  dan 6 Madrasah Aliyah Swasta, keberadaan 7 (tujuh) madrasah  ini merupakan potensi dan prospek yang menguntungkan untuk input mahasiswa ke IAIN Palangka Raya, namun demikian berdasarkan data tentang mahasiswa yang kuliah di IAIN Palangka Raya, belum mendominasi latar pendidikan  adalah lulusan siswa Madrasah Aliyah.  Realitas ini juga menjadi kajian yang menarik, data dilapangan mengungkapkan berbagai faktor yang mengungkapkan persepsi dan motivasi masyarakat yaitu orangtua untuk menjadikan IAIN palangka Raya sebagai lembaga pendidikan tinggi bagi anak-anak mereka. Keinginan untuk memberikan pendidikan anak ke IAIN Palangka Raya didukung dengan ketersediaan daya/biaya, beasiswa dan  anak kuliah samabil bekerja. Kondisi ini juga menjadi daya tarik IAIN untuk dapat menjaring bagaimana dapat menyahuti keinginan orangtua sehingga IAIN menjadi idole atau pilihan utama bagi orangtua untuk pendidikan anak-anaknya.
Riba and Justification in Practice in Scholars' Views
Authors: Meirison Meirison
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Efforts have long been focused on trying to explain and justify riba (Usury) and dozens of theories have emerged in this area. This approach went to some Islamic economics writers, who also tried to justify and interpret interest in accordance with the principles of Islamic economics. This is one of the most important economic topics in the past and present, and although the writings on some of the elements of this subject began about half a century ago, but the observer renewed the introduction of these views and ideas in different formats in the present era, Islamic economics issues only show a picture of this subject for discussion. Therefore, this discussion aims to collect these opinions and theories and evaluate them in order to present them to the new discussioners - with different scientific backgrounds - in a suitable manner that serves to discuss this subject and clarify the general framework for it. This discussion will focus briefly on the presentation of some of these theories, opinions and justifications and discuss the hypotheses of these views and theories.

 

Keywords: Riba, Justification
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN INTERPRETATIF BAGI SISWA
Authors: Liadi Fimeir , Darim Abu , Warjuningsing Tri
Published: September 2018

Reading is an important language skill for students. Through reading, students are able to get  lots  of  information from various  reading sources. However, after observation and interview  are  conducted, it shows that the ability of interpretative  reading comprehension for the students still needs to be improved. Therefore,  the  researcher thinks that the improvement of the students’ ability in interpretative reading comprehension can be done by using constructivism approach.In relation with the effort to improve the ability in interpretative reading comprehension, the specific problem limitation studied is as follow. How far is the implementation of constructivism approach in pre reading stage, while reading stage, and post reading stage can improve the ability of interpretative reading comprehension for the students of the grade? In accordance with it, the specific objective of this research is to describe the implementation of constructivism approach in pre reading stage, while reading stage, and post reading stage.

Keywords: Constructivism  approach, interpretative reading comprehension
Nacidos para ser una utopía
Authors: Álvarez Ossa Yovanny Biancardy
Published: September 2018

Ellos caminaban por las calles, eran los fantasmas de la noche. Sus risas, sus pisadas y sus sueños cubrían todos los espacios, lo decoraban. Eran la metamorfosis de un mundo decadente que esperábamos llegara a su final. Es extraño que para muchos ese fuera nuestro pasado: incierto, misterioso, creador.
Aportes para pensar la cátedra de la paz desde las resistencias y proyectos de paz de los grupos étnicos en Colombia
Authors: Villada María Isabel , Estrada Juan Camilo
Published: September 2018

Las reflexiones que presentamos en esta ponencia devienen de las indagaciones realizadas como parte de los proyectos de investigación que presentamos para optar al título de Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Antioquia. A partir de la pregunta por el vínculo entre construcción de paz y las realidades interculturales presentes en los escenarios educativos, retomamos tres experiencias de construcción de paz y resistencia desde las comunidades étnicamente diferenciadas de nuestro país para analizar las posibilidades que presentan para transformar relaciones y contextos desde su inclusión en la configuración de la llamada “Cátedra de la paz”.
MARKETING TOOLS OF CONSUMER OPINION MANIPULATION
Authors: Sviridova Elena Viktorovna , Shendo Maria Vladimirovna
Published: September 2018

Every year profitable and developed companies invest millions of dollars into the study of consumer consciousness, into the process of decision making about the purchase inventing new ways of manipulating consumer mind. This is possible due to the fact that the consumer makes most of his purchases impulsively, without realizing the affecting factors and giving in to momentary emotions. Besides, knowledge of consumer psychology is used by city malls and stores to increase sales of various goods and services manifold. In the environment of a fierce competition companies use brain sciences for analysis of the purchasing process and studying latent factors stimulating consumers to buy. Neuromarketing is practiced in many countries, including Russia. Neuromarketing techniques capable to persuade consumer to make a purchase bring success to trading companies and provide a strong position in the market. Studying manipulation techniques of consumer behavior in the market allowed to arrange them, determine the most efficient stimulation methods of consumer’s subconsciousness and methods of momentary purchase. In the science there is a concept ‘multisensory perception’ that includes data received by a person through sense organs (eye-sight, hearing, olfaction). The popular manipulating methods are systems of discount, packing shapes, attracting celebrities, empathy, comparison effect, etc. The main task of multisensory marketing is that purchasing goods wouldn’t produce cognitive dissonance in consumer.
ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATIONS AS A “NEW OLD” TOOL OF CRISIS PREVENTIVE OPERATION OF BUSINESS: REGIONAL ASPECT
Authors: Rylshchikova Svetlana Alekseevna , Dubinina Nataliya Aleksandrovna , Merzlikina Galina Stepanovna
Published: September 2018

In the modern Russian economy, bankruptcy procedures and crisis management processes have been updated. The rehabilitation potential of bankruptcy is practically not working. Financial recovery procedures are rare and, as a rule, not successful. Competitive production with a very low degree of satisfaction of the creditors dominates. The causes of the crisis of individual economic entities are either incompetent management or ineffective anti-crisis management. Preventive crisis management, as a process of foreseeing and forecasting positive and negative crises (according to the results) should be theoretically justified and methodically ensured. The theory of preventive anti-crisis management is determined by the main directions, but the methodological support is not enough, despite the abundance of various economic and financial instruments. Innovations can be considered as preventive crisis operation tools; however, organizational innovations are limited and hardly used. Among the organizational innovations a special place is given to corporatization which can be considered as a “new old” tool of preventive crisis operation. The corporatization of the former unitary enterprises is being promoted. The article presents the procedure of corporatization of three specific unitary enterprises of the Volgograd region. A tool for assessing the efficiency of corporatization as an example of organizational innovation - a strategic map developed by the authors - has been proposed and tested. There have been identified the problems of evaluating the effectiveness of organizational innovation: generalized quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness, and necessity of using qualitative indicators (the complexity of generalized assessment and risk of subjectivity).
Pendidikan Kesehatan Mengenai Pencegahan Perilaku Seksual melalui Peningkatan Asertivitas pada Remaja Putri SMK Baabul Kamil Jatinangor
Authors: Amartha Visi Aurora , Fathimiyah Iffa , Rahayuwati Laili , Rafiyah Imas
Published: September 2018

Remaja cenderung pernah berpacaran dan berlanjut pada perilaku seksual pranikah. Di Jawa Barat, salah satu Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sumedang yaitu Jatinangor menunjukkan dampak dari perilaku seksual pranikah, dimana terdapat kejadian kekerasan dalam pacaran, pernikahan dini akibat kehamilan diluar nikah di salah satu desanya yaitu Desa Hegarmanah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan rentan terkena dampak dari perilaku seksual pranikah. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pencegahan agar dapat menurunkan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja putri khususnya di SMK Baabul Kamil Jatinangor.Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini adalah dengan pendidikan masyarakat kepada 68 remaja putri di SMK Baabul Kamil Jatinangor. Materi yang disampaikan yaitu perilaku seksual dan asertivitas seksual. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan diruang kelas dengan durasi waktu 25 menit dimana selama 10 menit untuk pemaparan materi dan 15 menit untuk diskusi bagi peserta yang ingin mengajukan pertanyaan dan evaluasi. Hasil penyuluhan didapatkan peserta antusias terhadap materi penyuluhan, tidak ada peserta yang meninggalkan tempat penyuluhan sebelum acara berakhir, peserta mengajukan pertanyaan dan menjawab seluruh pertanyaan secara benar. Peserta mampu mengetahui terkait perilaku seksual dan asertivitas seksual.Kata kunci : Perilaku seksual pranikah, remaja, asertivitas
Contribuições de pesquisas sobre dificuldades no processo de alfabetização: período de 2010 a 2014 / Contributions of researches on difficulties in the literacy process: period from 2010 to 2014
Authors: Monteiro Dirce Charara
Published: September 2018

RESUMOA presença de alunos com dificuldades no processo de alfabetização no final do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental desafia pesquisadores e docentes a identificarem fatores bem como a buscarem propostas pedagógicas que minimizem o problema. Considerando o grande número de pesquisas existentes sobre o tema alfabetização, julgamos importante levar em conta os resultados dessas pesquisas como ponto de partida para a elaboração de uma proposta pedagógica para esse tipo de aluno. Com esse objetivo, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica de pesquisas sobre dificuldades no processo de alfabetização em periódicos da área de educação e em bancos de teses e dissertações nos últimos cinco anos (2010-2014), complementando o levantamento realizado por Guimarães (2011) que abrangeu o período compreendido entre 1961e 2009.
Formação de professores e musicalização nas creches / Teacher training and musicalization in nurseries
Authors: Tormin Malba Cunha , Kishimoto Tizuko Morchida
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a formação musical do professor de educação infantil, oriunda dos cursos de Graduação em Pedagogia e Licenciatura em Música. O método de coleta de dados foi por amostragem e coletados em 100 Instituições Federais, Estaduais e Privadas de Ensino Superior em todas as regiões do Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2012 e 2013 via internet por meio de páginas eletrônicas das Instituições. Os resultados mostraram uma maior oferta de cursos de Pedagogia em relação aos de Música; a ausência de formação musical nos cursos de Pedagogia e a pouca oferta de disciplinas voltadas à musicalização na primeira infância em ambos os cursos. A pesquisa sugere a necessidade de revisão nos currículos dos dois cursos e abertura de diálogo propondo mudanças na formação musical do professor de educação infantil, principalmente direcionados às creches públicas.
Editorial
Authors: Nogueira Vera Lúcia
Published: September 2018

Versa sobre os artigos do número 34 da revista Educação em Foco.
Elucidating CO2 Chemisorption in Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Forse Alexander C. , Milner Phillip J. , Lee Jung-Hoon , Redfearn Halle N. , Oktawiec Julia , Siegelman Rebecca L. , Martell Jeffrey D. , Dinakar Bhavish , Porter-Zasada Leo B. , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Long Jeffrey R. , Reimer Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2018

The widespread deployment of carbon capture and sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy could be facilitated by the development of more energy-efficient adsorbents. Diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks of the type diamine–M2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate) have shown promise for carbon capture applications, although questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of CO2 uptake in these materials. Here, we leverage the crystallinity and tunability of this class of frameworks to perform a comprehensive study of CO2 chemisorption. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and van der Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations for thirteen diamine–M2(dobpdc) variants, we demonstrate that the canonical CO2 chemisorption products—ammonium carbamate chains and carbamic acid pairs—can be readily distinguished, and that ammonium carbamate chain formation dominates for diamine–Mg2(dobpdc) materials. In addition, we elucidate a new chemisorption mechanism in the material dmpn Mg2(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane), which involves formation of a 1:1 mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid and accounts for the unusual adsorption properties of this material. Finally, we show that the presence of water plays an important role in directing the mechanisms for CO2 uptake in diamine–M2(dobpdc) materials. Overall, our combined NMR and DFT approach enables a thorough depiction and understanding of CO2 adsorption within diamine–M2(dobpdc) compounds, which may aid similar studies in other amine-functionalized adsorbents in the future.
Los juegos cooperativos y competitivos y su influencia en la empatía
Authors: Gago Galvagno Lucas G. , Periale Matías , Elgier Angel M.
Published: September 2018

La empatía es la capacidad de comprender las emociones y sentimientos de los demás, entendiendo al otro como un ser independiente pero similar. La misma se ve influenciada por los ambientes a los cuales se circunscribe. El presente artículo se orienta a comparar la incidencia de los juegos cooperativos y competitivos sobre la capacidad empática en alumnos de nivel secundario. La muestra se compuso de 24 niños varones de 13 años distribuidos en dos grupos. Uno de los grupos recibió entrenamiento en juegos cooperativos, mientras que el otro grupo recibió entrenamiento en juegos competitivos. El instrumento de recolección de datos utilizado fue el Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en toma de perspectiva, obteniendo medidas más altas el grupo cooperativo en comparación con el grupo competitivo. A su vez se hicieron comparaciones pre-test y post-test, aumentando la toma de perspectiva en el grupo cooperativo. En el grupo competitivo disminuyó la preocupación empática. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de distintas teorías. Se concluye que las variaciones obtenidas se deben a la idiosincrasia propia de cada dispositivo.