bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scholarly publications and data set evidence for the Human Reference Atlas
Authors: Kong Yongxin , Daiya Vicky Amar , Börner Katy
Published: March 2024

Experts from 17 consortia are collaborating on the Human Reference Atlas (HRA) which aims to map the human body at single cell resolution. To bridge across scales—from the meter size human body to the micrometer size single-cell level—organ experts are constructing anatomical structures, cell types plus biomarkers (ASCT+B) tables, and associated spatial reference objects. The 3rd HRA (v1.2) release features 26 organ-specific ASCT+B tables that cite 456 scholarly papers and are linked to 61 spatial reference objects and Organ Mapping Antibody Panels (OMAPs); it is authored by more than 120 experts. This paper presents the first analyses and visualizations showcasing what data and scholarly evidence exist for which organs and how experts relate to the organs covered in the HRA. To identify potential HRA authors and reviewers, we queried the Web of Science database for authors who work on the 33 organs targeted for the next HRA release (v1.3). To provide scientific evidence for the HRA, we identified 620 high-quality, single-cell experimental data sets for 58 organs published in 561 unique papers. The results presented are critical for understanding and communicating the quality of the HRA, planning for future tissue data collection, and inviting leading experts to contribute to the evolving atlas.
The legal personality of foreign states in civil law: l’affaire Zappa and the bequest of the Marquise du Plessis-Bellière
Authors: van Apeldoorn Laurens
Published: March 2024

This article traces the doctrinal debate on the civil legal personality of foreign states occasioned by two famous legal cases during the closing decade of the nineteenth century: the protracted conflict between Greece and Romania following Evangelis Zappa’s bequest of immovable property located in Romania to the Greek state for the purpose of resurrecting the Olympic Games, and the contested will of the Marquise du Plessis-Bellière which named Pope Leo xiii as legatee of real estate located in France. As Ernst Rabel and others have thought, the debate confirmed the scholarly consensus that the recognition given to a foreign state according to the rules of public international law, implies recognition of its capacity in private law matters. The objective of this article is to reconstruct the considerations that led to this apparent consensus, thus helping to facilitate an assessment of the persuasiveness of those considerations.
Testamentary law in late Medieval Dubrovnik
Authors: Held Henrik-Riko
Published: March 2024

This paper explores testamentary law in late medieval Dubrovnik (Ragusa) by analysing the testaments made by notary Thomasinus de Savere, working at Dubrovnik, 1277–1286. De Savere was an educated notary, originating from Reggio Emilia in Italy. He greatly contributed to the spread of doctrinal elements of ius commune in Dubrovnik. In determining the reach of his influence on testamentary law, I will first examine inheritance law in Dubrovnik at the time, followed by an analysis of the testaments De Savere composed for the local population. I will then compare these testaments with the testament De Savere made for himself (1284). The latter differs from the testaments composed for the locals, as it is doctrinally in line with the latest developments of the ius commune. I will discuss the possible reasons and relevance of this difference.
Nyi Roro Kidul and Marine Eco-Pneumatology
Authors: Kristianto Andreas , Singgih Emanuel Gerrit , Haryono Stefanus Christian
Published: March 2024

Indonesia is the country with the largest archipelago in the world, with a total of seventeen thousand islands. The term ‘maritime nation’ has actually been surging through stories of local wisdom (culture), but during the colonial period, the term lost its original significance and Indonesia came to be treated as if it were an agrarian country. This paper shows that Indonesian maritime society contains various inherited values of religiosity, including myths, legends, folklore, and oral traditions about marine cosmology. Folklore, myths, and legends have an important position in society, not only referring to cultural traditions but also containing religious or theological values that are closely related to the identity of the Indonesian nation. This paper studies the mythical figure of Nyi Roro Kidul who is considered the sea guardian. The legend surrounding the figure of Nyi Roro Kidul can serve as an important trope to develop a contextual Javanese eco-pneumatology [Holy Spirit] and help address some of the contemporary ecological issues.
A new species of Guadua (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Guaduinae) from the Colombian Amazon
Authors: LONDOÑO XIMENA , RUIZ-SANCHEZ EDUARDO
Published: March 2024

A new species of Guadua, Guadua bambuzoniae Londoño, is described from the Amazon region of Colombia, specifically in the tropical rainforest ecosystem. This species is unusual in that it grows in swampy areas and has several distinct characteristics that differentiate it from all other South American species of Guadua. These include erect and hollow culms at the base, as well as solid and arched culms at the middle and upper portions; primary branches that develop thorns at each culm node; usually a falcated, prominent and fimbriate auricle on the upper part of the culm sheath on one side; elongated and glabrous leaf sheaths; a usually straight, linear-lanceolate pseudospikelet; lemmas pubescent toward the margins with the margins densely ciliated, but otherwise glabrous, and a conspicuous and strong mucron; and paleas only slightly shorter than the lemmas, with broadly winged keels. Here, we provide a geographical distribution map, illustrations, photographs, and a morphological comparison with G. macrospiculata and G. uncinata.
Leaf-feeding species of the genus Liothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae)
Authors: DANG LIHONG , AN YIYAN , MOUND LAURENCE A. , QIAO GEXIA
Published: March 2024

The 250 species of the second largest genus of Thysanoptera, Liothrips, are known as feeding mainly on green leaves, with many inducing galls or associated with galls. In China, 33 species are recognized including L. brevis sp. n., L. elongatus sp. n., L. longistylus sp. n., L. motuoensis sp. n., L. piceae sp. n., L. populi sp. n. and L. tibetanus sp. n., also seven species are recorded from this country for the first time. Four Han’s Liothrips species are considered as new synonymies of L. vaneeckei that might be widespread in the Holarctic region. Three species are newly combined as Liothrips aporosae comb.n., Teuchothrips fuscus comb.n. and T. turkestanicus comb.n. The illustrated identification key to Chinese Liothrips species excludes L. hsuae but includes L. mirabilis due to its potential as a pest of Piper plants are growing throughout Southern China. Biology, structural variation, and generic relationships are also discussed.
On the taxonomy of the Zodarion thoni species-group (Araneae, Zodariidae), with description of a new species with an unmodified embolus
Authors: DIMITROV DRAGOMIR
Published: March 2024

A new species of Zodarion, belonging to Z. thoni-group, is described from the Taurus Mountains, Turkey. By now, it is the only known species with an unmodified embolic tip in this group. The syntypes of Z. rhodiense Caporiacco, 1948, Z. nigrifemur Caporiacco, 1948, and the holotype of Z. granulatum Kulczyński, 1908 are revised. Zodarion rhodiense sp. reval. is revalidated and Z. nigrifemur syn. n. is assigned as its junior synonym.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Afghanicenus Heyrovský, 1941 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with the first record of Afghanicenus nuristanicus (Heyrovský, 1936) from Pakistan
Authors: KARPIŃSKI LECH , DAS BARSA , BARCLAY MAXWELL V. L.
Published: March 2024

Afghanicenus nuristanicus (Heyrovský, 1936) is hereby newly recorded from Pakistan based on a specimen collected at the beginning of the 20th century and preserved in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. High quality colour images of the type material (a male syntype of Purpuricenus nuristanicus and a female syntype of P. nuristanicus f. bisignata) are presented for the first time. Some literature information on the genus Afghanicenus Heyrovský, 1941 is summarised, and taxonomic problems are highlighted and further discussed.
New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific)
Authors: GOODAY ANDREW J , HOLZMANN MARIA , BARRENECHEA-ANGELES INÉS , LIM SWEE-CHENG , PAWLOWSKI JAN
Published: March 2024

Xenophyophores are large, agglutinated foraminifera that dominate the benthic megafauna in some parts of the deep sea. Here, we describe an assemblage of largely fragmentary specimens from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), an area of the eastern abyssal Pacific hosting large, commercially significant deposits of polymetallic nodules. We recognised 18 morphospecies of which eight yielded DNA sequences. These include two new genera and three new species, Claraclippia seminuda gen. & sp. nov., Stereodiktyoma mollis gen. & sp. nov., and Aschemonella tani sp. nov., three that are assigned to known species, Abyssalia foliformis, Aschemonella monilis and Shinkaiya contorta, and two assigned to open nomenclature forms Abyssalia aff. foliformis and Stannophyllum aff. granularium. An additional ten forms are represented only by morphology. The following seven are placed in known genera, species and open-nomenclature forms: Aschemonella? sp., Homogammina sp., Psammina multiloculata, P. aff. multiloculata, P. aff. limbata form 1 sensu Gooday et al., 2018, P. aff. limbata form 2 sensu Gooday et al., 2018, and Stannophyllum spp. The other three could not be identified to genus level. This new collection brings the total of described and undescribed species and morphotypes from the CCZ to 27 and 70, respectively, reinforcing the already high diversity of xenophyophores known from this part of the Pacific.
Two new species of the planthopper genus Metanigrus Tsaur, Yang & Wilson from China (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Meenoplidae), with an updated checklist and key to species
Authors: LV SHASHA , YANG LIN , CHEN XIANGSHENG
Published: March 2024

Two new species of genus Metanigrus Tsaur, Yang & Wilson, 1986 (Fulgoromorpha, Meenoplidae), M. afflatus sp. nov. from Hainan Province and M. angularus sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, are described and illustrated, bringing the total number of species within the genus to 8. An updated checklist and identification key to known species of Metanigrus are provided.
4. Inheriting a Farm
Authors: Myers Kathleen Ann
Published: March 2024

This case study focuses on Marta Moya Espinosa, a landowner in Huelva, who provides a perspective on the key role of land use in sustainable pastoralism. The chapter discusses the many problems facing landowners, including increased government regulations, natural disasters, volatile markets, and absentee landownership. Her story reveals the complexity of changes and challenges that landowners face, as well as the arduous work required to revitalize not just a family business but an ecosystem itself. Marta helps us understand the difficulty of being an urban career woman with little practical experiences, faced with reviving her dehesa after years of neglect. Her case highlights how, even with a lot of capital, a valuable and working farm and flock, and some knowledge of how to oversee them, it is still an enormous challenge to make the farm profitable over the long term.
Exploring the Factors Controlling the Annual Range of Amazon Precipitation
Authors: Liao Pei-Syuan , Lan Chia-Wei , Liang Yu-Chiao , Lo Min-Hui
Published: March 2024

The annual range (AR) of precipitation in the Amazon River basin has increased steadily since 1979. This increase may have resulted from natural variability and/or anthropogenic forcing, such as local land-use changes and global warming, which has yet to be explored. In this study, climate model experiments using the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), were conducted to examine the relative contributions of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) variability and anthropogenic forcings to the AR changes in the Amazon rainfall. With CESM2, we design several factorial simulations, instead of actual model projection. We found that the North Atlantic SSTs fluctuation dominantly decreases the precipitation AR trend over the Amazon by −85%. In contrast, other factors, including deforestation and carbon dioxide, contributed to the trend changes, ranging from 25% to 35%. The dynamic component, specifically the tendency of vertical motion, made negative contributions, along with the vertical profiles of moist static energy (MSE) tendency. Seasonal-dependent changes in atmospheric stability could be associated with variations in precipitation. It is concluded that surface ocean warming associated with the North Atlantic natural variability and global warming is the key factor in the increased precipitation AR over the Amazon from 1979 to 2014. The continuous local land-use changes may potentially influence the precipitation AR in the future.

Significance Statement

The annual range (AR) in precipitation, the difference between wet- and dry-season precipitation, has increased from 1979 to 2014 in the Amazon. This increase may have resulted from global warming, deforestation, and sea surface temperature variability in North Atlantic and Pacific. To explore the role of each of these factors in altering the Amazon precipitation AR, five experiments were designed in the climate model (CESM). Among these experiment results, the effect of North Atlantic SSTs was the strongest. In the future, deforestation, global warming, and different ocean temperature states in the North Atlantic and Pacific may become increasingly influential on the changes in precipitation. Further investigation is needed to ascertain how the AR of precipitation in the Amazon will change.
Iterative Ensemble Smoothers for Data Assimilation in Coupled Nonlinear Multiscale Models
Authors: Evensen Geir , Vossepoel Femke C. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan
Published: March 2024

This paper identifies and explains particular differences and properties of adjoint-free iterative ensemble methods initially developed for parameter estimation in petroleum models. The aim is to demonstrate the methods’ potential for sequential data assimilation in coupled and multiscale unstable dynamical systems. For this study, we have introduced a new nonlinear and coupled multiscale model based on two Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equations operating on different scales where a coupling term relaxes the two model variables toward each other. This model provides a convenient testbed for studying data assimilation in highly nonlinear and coupled multiscale systems. We show that the model coupling leads to cross covariance between the two models’ variables, allowing for a combined update of both models. The measurements of one model’s variable will also influence the other and contribute to a more consistent estimate. Second, the new model allows us to examine the properties of iterative ensemble smoothers and assimilation updates over finite-length assimilation windows. We discuss the impact of varying the assimilation windows’ length relative to the model’s predictability time scale. Furthermore, we show that iterative ensemble smoothers significantly improve the solution’s accuracy compared to the standard ensemble Kalman filter update. Results and discussion provide an enhanced understanding of the ensemble methods’ potential implementation and use in operational weather- and climate-prediction systems.
Appointment Factors Contributing to Children with Speech Disorders Missing Speech and Language Pathology Appointments
Authors: Carnino Jonathan M. , Salvati Lindsay R. , Bayly Henry , Kennedy Dean G. , Mwaura Amos M. , Wilson Nicholas R. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: March 2024

This study explores missed pediatric speech and language pathology (SLP) appointments to identify barriers for patients with speech disorders. Data from 839 referrals at Boston Medical Center, including demographics, appointment details, COVID-19 lockdown, and number of items on patient problem lists, were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression. The findings revealed that lockdown status, appointment timing, appointment type (in-person vs telemedicine), referral department (ear, nose, and throat [ENT] vs non-ENT), sex, race, primary language, birthplace, and primary care provider presence had no significant impact on attendance. However, the number of patient-listed problems, prior cancelations, and missed appointments were significant predictors of patients who did not keep appointments. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the patient’s problem list and past appointment behavior as critical factors in predicting missed SLP appointments for pediatric speech disorder patients. These insights can guide targeted interventions to improve attendance and enhance SLP engagement.
The Role of Preference Formation and Perception in Unequal Representation. Combined Evidence From Elite Interviews and Focus Groups in Germany
Authors: Fastenrath Florian , Marx Paul
Published: March 2024

Unequal representation can result from politicians’ biased perception of public opinion. Existing research has focused on the numerical accuracy with which politicians estimate preferences distributions in surveys. This method ignores politicians’ broader assumptions about public preferences; e.g. regarding their crystallization, salience, malleability, and measurability in surveys. We address these assumptions in a novel two-stage research design using redistributive tax policy in Germany as a case. Interviews with parliamentarians show that voters are perceived as uninformed, disinterested, and susceptible to anti-tax mobilization by business representatives. Support for taxing the rich in polls is dismissed as superficial and irrelevant for political behavior. In a second step, we verify these assumptions in twelve focus groups with high- or low-educated citizens. They largely confirm the assumed indifference and anti-tax attitudes. An education gap in tax preferences cannot be identified. Support expressed in previous surveys tends to disappear in conversations, which aligns with politicians’ experiences.
Women’s Career Move From Local to National Politics: The Case of Tanzania
Authors: Yoon Mi Yung , Swai Idda Lyatonga
Published: March 2024

This study examines women’s career movement from the highest local authorities (district and urban councils) to the national legislature in Tanzania, focusing on the latest three parliaments (2010–2025). Using both quantitative and qualitative data, we find that less than 10% of female parliamentarians in each parliament have prior councilor experience and most of them occupy quota seats. The low upward mobility of female councilors to parliament may be due to the difficulty of winning constituency seats, affected by gender stereotypes, and the availability of other pathways to parliament, such as party leadership and commissioner positions.
How Own Delivery Services Influence Customer Behavior and Sales in Online Retail? Building Trust and Improving Delivery Quality in Digital Economy
Authors: Wu Banggang , Chen Yubo , Naik Prasad A.
Published: March 2024

Online retailers worldwide invest beyond their core business of retailing to offer their own delivery services (ODS) to deliver products to customers’ homes through their own logistics network. How does this shift to ODS affect customers’ behaviors and sales performance? When and why do retailers venture beyond their core competence to offer ODS? To explore these questions, the authors analyze 250,055 customer transactions over 10 years across 416 cities and 49 product categories from JD, a major online retailer in China. Using difference-in-differences models, causal mediation analysis, and the synthetic control method, they find that ODS increases customers’ monthly spending by 7.8% and grows city-level sales by 11.9%. This study is the first to quantify the sales impact of ODS and shed light on when and why it works. The findings reveal that ODS has greater value for markets with lower trust levels, infrequent customers, high-risk product categories, and consumers who prefer the focal retailer (versus that of third-party sellers). Causal mediation analysis further reveals that ODS not only improves delivery quality but also builds customer trust, which together increase customers’ monthly spending, purchase frequency, and the number of items ordered.
Historical evolution of the passenger ship’s doctor
Authors: Salducci Mauro , Shaholli David
Published: March 2024

The authors examine the evolution of the role of resident doctors on cruise ships dating back to the Roman and Byzantine empires, then in the Middle ages. In the past surgery was rarely performed by doctors, but by barber-surgeons, who, with their razor skills, did everything from haircuts to amputations. More recently, as in the last century, the first royal decrees were issued, pillar by pillar, forming the regulatory basis governing health care on board Italian or foreign ships travelling to and from national ports.
Classroom communities for everyone
Authors: Stroupe David , Berk Lindsay , Kramer Anna
Published: March 2024

As people with power in schools, teachers and administrators make instructional decisions that shape opportunities in classrooms for students to learn. Educators’ words and actions, especially related to the treatment of students and their ideas, are foundational for creating equitable learning communities in our classrooms and schools. David Stroupe, Lindsay Berk, and Anna Kramer examine the creation and growth of learning communities through a particular lens of inequity: epistemic injustice. Briefly, epistemic injustice is a philosophical perspective that deals with inequities associated with knowledge and knowledge production practices. The authors provide concrete examples from two classrooms in which the teachers actively disrupt epistemic injustice.
Parents’ rights, yes. But parent responsibilities, too
Authors: Hess Frederick M. , McShane Michael Q.
Published: March 2024

While there are plenty of people who decry the parents’ right push, viewing it as manufactured and mean-spirited, Frederick M. Hess and Michael Q. McShane think it has been a healthy and overdue development. Yet while parents have rights, they also have a responsibility to send students to school ready to learn. Schools are ultimately reliant on parents being active partners in preparing their children to be responsible students and citizens. With clear communication and a willingness to listen, families and schools can form more productive partnerships to help students learn.
Surgical Removal of Rheumatoid Nodule That Presented as a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Tupa Jacob M. , Otremba Jace R. , Strand Mark D.
Published: March 2024

Rheumatoid nodules are extraarticular complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This report details how a 63-year-old female patient with a history of lung and kidney cancer presented to the otolaryngology clinic with left submandibular region neck pain and a lesion that looked like a thyroglossal duct cyst on imaging. The patient also had accompanying joint pain. After the patient underwent a full workup including positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans, she underwent surgery to remove the suspected thyroglossal duct cyst via a Sistrunk procedure. Pathology indicated that it was a rheumatoid nodule. The patient was never diagnosed with RA until after removal of the nodule was done. The patient ended up being evaluated by rheumatology and has subsequently been treated for RA. This rare case highlights the importance of interdepartmental communication and assessment of all patient symptoms on examination.
Evaluating the Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Evidence From Three Large-Scale, Long-Term, National Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Busseri Michael A.
Published: March 2024

To inform the tripartite structure of subjective well-being (SWB), national longitudinal studies from the United States, Germany, and Australia were used to estimate random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) in which between- and within-individual variation in life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) was examined over periods of up to two decades. The RI-CLPMs incorporated a hierarchical conceptualization in which LS, PA, and NA are indicators of a latent SWB factor and a causal systems conceptualization in which PA and NA are inputs to LS. Results from all three samples indicated substantial loadings from LS, PA, and NA on latent SWB factors between and within individuals. Cross-lagged effects were observed among all three SWB components, rather than unidirectional from PA and NA to LS. The present findings provide valuable new insights concerning the tripartite structure of SWB between and within individuals over extended periods of time.
Why mainstream news media still matter
Authors: Deacon David , Smith David , Wring Dominic
Published: March 2024

It is frequently claimed that mainstream news organisations are in crisis and becoming ever more marginalised in the contemporary high-choice media environment. Such claims frequently conflate different challenges facing the industry, resulting in over-generalised claims about the prospects for established news brands. In this article, we identify four related crises: reach, resource, reputation and relevance. Through the analysis of each, we show that many claims about the displacement of mainstream news are overstated, but that the interactive aspects of these crises are presenting particularly significant challenges for local news production and news organisations orientated towards impartiality norms.
Evaluating a longitudinal multilevel mediation model of self-concept clarity, hope, and subjective well-being in adolescents
Authors: Xiang Guangcan , Teng Zhaojun , Du Yiru , Yang Linchuan , He Yanyan
Published: March 2024

This study examined the longitudinal relationships among self-concept clarity (SCC), hope, and subjective well-being (i.e., emotional well-being and cognitive well-being). Specifically, we tested both the between-person and within-person associations of SCC with subjective well-being among 2,001 Chinese adolescents (age range 11–24 years, 42.9% males) during the first year. In addition, we examined the longitudinal mediating role of hope. Results showed that SCC had positive correlations with hope and subjective well-being both at one time point and over time. Multilevel mediation analysis indicated that hope could serve as a mediator in the association between SCC and subjective well-being, at both the between-person and within-person levels. Moreover, the model of longitudinal multilevel mediation was found to be moderated by gender and age. Our results indicated that hope could be an underlying mechanism for the longitudinal relationship between SCC and subjective well-being among Chinese adolescents, which provides a potential intervention target for improving adolescents’ well-being.
The economics of libraries
Authors: Albergaria Matheus
Published: March 2024

The present article describes recent developments related to the study of libraries in the field of economics. In terms of scope, there is considerable variation in economic applications, with research themes ranging from cost–benefit analyses to the impacts of libraries on educational outcomes, for example. In terms of approaches, the vast majority of articles in the field correspond to empirical studies employing library data, although there is some variation in terms of aggregation. In general, a first look at this burgeoning literature divides its main contributions into two broad sets: (1) one focused on the long-term effects of public libraries over economic outcomes and (2) another focused on the use of libraries as naturally occurring laboratories for the test of economic theories. Although there is not a common theme underlying the majority of contributions here surveyed, there are still sizable opportunities for economists – and social scientists, in general – who want to explore the research potential of libraries.
Urbanizing social reproduction: (Re)thinking the politics of care in capitalist urban development
Authors: Miraftab Faranak , Huq Efadul
Published: March 2024

Feminist social reproduction scholarship has shown how reproductive labor is critical in understanding the evolving dynamics of global capitalism. However, more work is needed to explicate the spatial dimension of this relationship to understand the various modalities through which social reproduction is enrolled in capitalist city-making processes and how these modalities are contested. Drawing on observations from multiple sites ranging from cities in the US to Mexico, we offer three examples to highlight strategies capitalist urban development uses to make care work invisible and marginal: bantustanization, gentrification, and informalization. In light of these spatial strategies that co-opt social reproduction in capitalist accumulation projects, we aspire to rethink the work of care in urban development and the possibilities to decouple it from the drive for profits through cross-sectoral coalition building and solidarity.
Preparation and anti-oxidisation resistance of silver-coated copper powders by cobalt-modified copper powders
Authors: Han Fei , Cao Mei , Lin Jiali , Liu Ting , Zhu Xiaoxin
Published: March 2024

Spherical copper powders and cobalt-modified copper powders were electroless plated with silver, respectively, to obtain two kinds of silver-plated copper powders. The composite powders were analysed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry. Effects of cobalt modification on surface morphology, silver reduction rate, particle size and anti-oxidisation resistance of composite powders were studied. The results indicate that surface morphology of silver-coated copper powders prepared by cobalt-modified copper powders was affected by cobalt, but the size, mass and the percent reduction of silver were significantly increased under the same conditions of electroless plating silver. And silver-coated copper powders prepared by cobalt-modified copper powders have better anti-oxidisation resistance than silver-coated copper powders prepared by copper powders.
Preparation and evaluation of HA–PP coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy for implant applications
Authors: Singh Arvind Kumar , Mahto Vinod Kumar , Malik Anup
Published: March 2024

To make Mg alloy implants have better corrosion resistance and reduced degradation rate in the human body, hydroxyapatite (HA), polypropylene (PP), and HA+PP coatings were added to the surface of AZ31B through dip coating. Coated samples were tested for weight differences, corrosion rate, surface roughness, and microscopic view. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirm coating on the substrate surfaces. The potentiodynamic polarisation test result shows that the corrosion rate in the uncoated substrate (10.138 mm/y) was higher compared to HA-coated = 0.5084 mm/y, PP-coated = 0.442 mm/y, and HA/PP-coated = 0.3275 mm/y. After 14 days, weight loss (5.5%) was highest in the uncoated and lowest in the HA-PP-coated (0.9%). Deposition of the bone mineral was higher on the HA-coated sample, showing superior bone integration properties. Hybrid coating improved electrochemical properties compared to HA coating on Mg alloy.
Entrepreneurial ecosystems, agency and regional development: Emergence and new path creation in the Cardiff city region
Authors: Huggins Robert , Munday Max , Thompson Piers , Xu Chen
Published: March 2024

This paper addresses the process of entrepreneurial ecosystem emergence in regions and the mechanisms through which new industrial paths are created. It focuses on the context of a relatively weak economic region and develops a mode of analysis that considers the role of human agency within the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems. This analysis addresses the case study of the Cardiff city region in the United Kingdom. It indicates that the revitalisation of lagging regions through an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach is likely to be contingent upon a number of important components: (1) access to potential entrepreneurial agency, (2) the engagement of ‘enlightened’ local political agency and (3) the formation of a collective agency across entrepreneurial and political agents as well as other relevant stakeholders. The emergence of collective agency in the city region is found to have led to new policies, networks and entrepreneurial support within the high-tech industry, coupled with the development of new industrial paths and improved economic conditions. The paper argues that adopting an agency-based approach to analysing entrepreneurial emergence highlights the importance of key human actors in such emergence. It is concluded that lagging regions can trigger a process of development through new path creation stemming from the emergence of an entrepreneurial ecosystem.
‘My life is a mess but I cope’: An analysis of the language children and young people use to describe their own life-limiting or life-threatening condition
Authors: Bristowe Katherine , Braybrook Debbie , Scott Hannah M , Coombes Lucy , Harðardóttir Daney , Roach Anna , Ellis-Smith Clare , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Fraser Lorna , Downing Julia , Murtagh Fliss , Harding Richard
Published: March 2024

Background:

Children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions have multidimensional needs and heterogenous cognitive and communicative abilities. There is limited evidence to support clinicians to tailor their communication to each individual child.

Aim:

To explore the language children and young people use to describe their own condition, to inform strategies for discussing needs and priorities.

Design:

Positioned within a social constructivist paradigm, a secondary discourse analysis of semi-structured interview data was conducted incorporating the discourse dynamics approach for figurative language.

Setting/participants:

A total of 26 children and young people aged 5–17 years with life-limiting or life-threatening conditions (6 cancer; 20 non-cancer) were recruited from nine clinical services (six hospitals and three hospices) across two UK nations.

Results:

The language children and young people use positions them as ‘experts in their condition’. They combine medical terminology with their preferred terms for their body to describe symptoms and treatments, and use comparatives and superlatives to communicate their health status. Their language depicts their condition as a ‘series of (functional and social) losses’, which single them out from their peers as ‘the sick one’. Older children and young people also incorporate figurative language to expand their descriptions.

Conclusion/discussion:

Children and young people can provide rich descriptions of their condition. Paying attention to their lexical choices, and converging one’s language towards theirs, may enable more child-centred discussions. Expanding discussions about ‘what matters most’ with consideration of the losses and differences they have experienced may facilitate a fuller assessment of their concerns, preferences and priorities.
Compliance while resisting: A shear-thickening fluid controller for physical human-robot interaction
Authors: Chen Lu , Chen Lipeng , Chen Xiangchi , Lu Haojian , Zheng Yu , Wu Jun , Wang Yue , Zhang Zhengyou , Xiong Rong
Published: March 2024

Physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) is widely needed in many fields, such as industrial manipulation, home services, and medical rehabilitation, and puts higher demands on the safety of robots. Due to the uncertainty of the working environment, the pHRI may receive unexpected impact interference, which affects the safety and smoothness of the task execution. The commonly used linear admittance control (L-AC) can cope well with high-frequency small-amplitude noise, but for medium-frequency high-intensity impact, the effect is not as good. Inspired by the solid-liquid phase change nature of shear-thickening fluid, we propose a shear-thickening fluid control (SFC) that can achieve both an easy human-robot collaboration and resistance to impact interference. The SFC’s stability, passivity, and phase trajectory are analyzed in detail, the frequency and time domain properties are quantified, and parameter constraints in discrete control and coupled stability conditions are provided. We conducted simulations to compare the frequency and time domain characteristics of L-AC, nonlinear admittance controller (N-AC), and SFC and validated their dynamic properties. In real-world experiments, we compared the performance of L-AC, N-AC, and SFC in both fixed and mobile manipulators. L-AC exhibits weak resistance to impact. N-AC can resist moderate impacts but not high-intensity ones and may exhibit self-excited oscillations. In contrast, SFC demonstrated superior impact resistance and maintained stable collaboration, enhancing comfort in cooperative water delivery tasks. Additionally, a case study was conducted in a factory setting, further affirming the SFC’s capability in facilitating human-robot collaborative manipulation and underscoring its potential in industrial applications.
Idealism and biologism in social reproduction theory: A materialist critique
Authors: Goikoetxea Jule
Published: March 2024

The article gives a materialist interpretation of the first, second and third Marxist-feminist Theses through a critical analysis of the Unitary Theory of Social Reproduction. It argues that Social Reproduction Theory resorts to idealism and biologism when explaining male domination. A meta-critical incision will be carried out by studying the use Social Reproduction Theory makes of categories such as ‘production’, ‘reproduction’, ‘exploitation’ and ‘oppression’, in that these categories are addressed as historical while the categories of ‘women’ and ‘men’ are de-historicized and naturalized. According to Unitary Theories, ‘women’ are not material, historical products of patriarchy but biological beings (biologism) that have been culturally devalued (idealism). This leads to an essentialist ontology where ‘women’ and ‘men’ precede the relations of production that create them. This idea obstructs the formation of a materialist philosophy of praxis.
Conflictual meetings between social identities in analytic group therapy
Authors: Zigenlaub Efrat
Published: March 2024

Social identities play a significant role in the development of personality and various disorders and challenges. In addition, they play an important role in the encounter between representatives of different social groups and can add to personality and interpersonal perspectives to group dynamics. Despite their significance, exploration of social identities occurs mainly in the realms of social psychology and post-colonialist theories and not so much in psychoanalysis, which favours the individual perspective over the social.

Foulkes, the founder of group analysis, started a revolution in the field of psychoanalysis when he focussed on the social world and its significant influence on development. However, some of his successors argued that due to political and other reasons, Foulkes did not ‘follow through’ with his own theory and in his therapy groups he did not put sufficient emphasis on exploration of social identities and power relations.

This article reviews the concept of social identities through four theoretical disciplines: social psychology, psychoanalysis, postcolonial theories and group analysis. A vignette from an analytic group that has been meeting for two years and coped with the meeting of different social identities in the complex Israeli reality will be discussed.
Higher education response to institutional upheaval: Outcomes of industry collaborations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bezjian James , Dean Benjamin P , Ponomarov Sergey Y , Imam Sarah , Riggle Robert , Weeks Michael , Selden Sally
Published: March 2024

Institutional upheaval spurred by the COVID-19 crisis suddenly and dramatically transformed the rules of the game for higher education organizations. The global pandemic thrust colleges and universities into ambiguous institutional environments. Disruption of established routines and supply networks resulted in the near collapse of global supply chains providing personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly N95 masks, needed by healthcare workers on the medical frontlines. This study describes and analyzes higher education and industry (HEI) partnership collaborations that adapted rapidly and responded effectively to meet the critical PPE need. The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina (The Citadel), along with the Tommy and Victoria Baker School of Business (BSB) and its Innovation Lab., engaged in a partnership with medical professionals at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). This partnership successfully manufactured, assembled, and distributed one thousand 3D-printed N95 masks in a crucial 16-week period. The study also shows how organizations in both institutional fields were able to expand dynamic capabilities enabling them to sense opportunities and to seize them by engaging and supporting each other in rapid and effective resource reconfigurations. This HEI collaboration culminated in a memorandum of understanding for ongoing collaboration to develop innovations for future responses to healthcare challenges.
Analysis of following vehicle driver injury severity in rear-end collision on straight road based on LightGBM and SHAP
Authors: Wei Tianzheng , Zhu Tong
Published: March 2024

Rear-end accidents, as one of the common accident types, may cause serious injuries to the driver and passengers. There are mutual coupling effects among causal features of rear-end accidents, and traditional analytical methods may lead to modeling distortion due to assumption constraints. In this study, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), a machine learning algorithm, is used to model the injury severity of the following vehicle driver in a rear-end crash accident on a straight road, based on the data from the China In-depth Accident Study data. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the results of the LightGBM model and to analyze the relationship between factors and driver injury severity. The results show that location familiarity, willingness to take risks, and driving time have a significant impact on the injury severity for following vehicle drivers involved in rear-end crashes. Cloudy conditions increase a driver’s risk of being involved in a fatal or injured rear-end collision. In rain, snow, hail, and foggy conditions, have a higher propensity to cause driver fatalities in the crash event. The rear-end crash of passenger cars resulted in a higher death probability of the following vehicle driver compared to sedan and truck, and female drivers are more likely to be involved in uninjured accidents compared to males. These results are informative for preventing rear-end accidents and reducing the extent of accidental injuries.
Statistical analysis of VEXLPE wear against alumina produced by a new 200-station, multidirectional pin-on-disk device
Authors: Saikko Vesa
Published: March 2024

With low wear rates shown by contemporary bearing materials of total hip prostheses, the standard deviation of wear rate is relatively high. Therefore, large sample sizes are needed for an adequate power of test. Because wear tests take a long time, it is practical to test several samples simultaneously. A new high-capacity, multidirectional wear test device, called the SuperCTPOD-200, was introduced. A 3 million-cycle wear test with an unprecedented sample size of 200 was performed for VEXLPE. The duration of the test was 6 weeks. The wear factor was normally distributed with a mean ± SD of 1.64 × 10−7 mm3/Nm ± 0.22 × 10−7 mm3/Nm ( n = 200). The observation that SD was 13.1% of the mean can be useful in power analyses of future tests with other highly cross-linked polyethylenes. Burnishing was the most typical feature on the worn pins, which was in agreement with clinical findings on retrieved acetabular liners. The present study emphasizes statistics that often plays a minor role only in wear studies.
Book review: Joy Y. Zhang and Saheli Datta Burton (2022), The Elephant and the Dragon in Contemporary Life Sciences: A Call for Decolonising Global Governance
Authors: Xing Jack Linzhou
Published: March 2024

Joy Y. Zhang and Saheli Datta Burton (2022), The Elephant and the Dragon in Contemporary Life Sciences: A Call for Decolonising Global Governance. Manchester University Press, 224 pp., £85.00. ISBN-10: 152615952X; ISBN 13: 978-1526159526.
Book review: Sophia Rose Arjana, 2020. Buying Buddha, Selling Rumi: Orientalism and the Mystical Marketplace
Authors: Kumari Gaitri
Published: March 2024

Sophia Rose Arjana, 2020. Buying Buddha, Selling Rumi: Orientalism and the Mystical Marketplace, Oneworld Academic, pp. 320, ISBN: 10.1111/1467-9809.12794.
Book review: Jeff Sutherland. 2014. Scrum The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time
Authors: Singh Abhishek
Published: March 2024

Jeff Sutherland. 2014. Scrum The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time, Crown Business Newyork, pp. 202, ₹1798, ISBN: 978-0-385-34645-0.
Understanding the Experiences of COVID-19 Public Health Measures and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study Among Older Adults in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Karmann Julie , Handlovsky Ingrid , Moullec Gregory , Frohlich Katherine L. , Hébert Réjean , Ferlatte Olivier
Published: March 2024

This interpretative descriptive study explores how public health measures implemented during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada, affected the well-being of older adults. Twenty-six participants aged 60–81 took photographs to depict how COVID-19 public health measures affected their well-being and were invited to discuss their photographs in virtual focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The impacts of health measures on the well-being of participants were framed according to three overarching themes. First, participants endured an intensification of ageism, feeling diminished and excluded from their social spheres. Second, they faced a burden of loneliness due to the loss of connections with their communities, particularly for those who were single and without children. Third, participants highlighted navigating a degradation of social cohesion. This manifested through tensions and distrust in both the public and private spheres, as well as acts of resistance in response to rules deemed unjust. While public health measures were essential to prevent onward transmission of COVID-19 and mortality, they negatively impacted older adults’ self-image, loneliness, and trust in society. This study argues for a rethinking of public health norms specific to older adults to address potential sources of inequality. In particular, a greater emphasis is needed on social connectedness and addressing the unique needs of older adults during pandemics.