bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence of Mixed Emotions During Consumption of a Sporting Event: A Real-Time Measure Approach
Authors: Kim Jun Woo , Magnusen Marshall , Lee Hyun-Woo
Published: March 2017

Investigating the existence of mixed emotions within a sport consumer behavior context is the purpose of this study. Two experimental studies with a 4 (game outcome) × 2 (response format) mixed model analysis of covariance were implemented. The authors tested concurrence of two opposite emotions in Study 1 by asking subjects to complete an online continuous measure of happiness/sadness. Subjects reported more mixed emotions while watching a conflicting game outcome, such as a disappointing win and relieving loss, than during a straight game outcome. In Study 2, real-time-based measures of sport consumer emotions appear to have greater validity than recall-based measures of sport consumer emotions. Subjects with real-time-based measures were less likely to report a straight loss as positive and a straight win as negative than those with the retrospective measure. This study provides evidence of mixed emotions; specifically, happiness and sadness can co-occur during sports consumption.
Preferred Hip Strategy During Landing Reduces Knee Abduction Moment in Collegiate Female Soccer Players
Authors: Nguyen Anh-Dung , Taylor Jeffrey B. , Wimbish Taylor G. , Keith Jennifer L. , Ford Kevin R.
Published: March 2017

Context: Hip-focused interventions are aimed to decrease frontal plane knee loading related to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Whether a preferred hip landing strategy decreases frontal plane knee loading is unknown. Objective: To determine if a preferred hip landing strategy during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) is utilized during a single-leg landing (SLL) task and whether differences in frontal plane knee loading are consistent between a DVJ and an SLL task. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-three collegiate, female soccer players. Main Outcome Measures: Participants were dichotomized into a hip (HIP; n = 9) or knee/ankle (KA; n = 14) strategy group based on the percentage distribution of each lower extremity joint relative to the summated moment (% distribution) during the DVJ. Separate 1-way analysis of variances examined the differences in joint-specific % distribution and external knee abduction moment between the HIP and KA groups. Results: The HIP group had significantly greater % distribution of hip moment and less % distribution of knee moment compared with the KA group during the DVJ and SLL. External knee abduction moment was also significantly less in the HIP group compared with the KA group during the DVJ. Conclusions: Female soccer athletes who land with a preferred hip strategy during a DVJ also land with a preferred hip strategy during an SLL. The preferred hip strategy also resulted in less external knee abduction moments during the DVJ. Clinical Relevance: Targeting the neuromuscular control of the hip extensor may be useful in reducing risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life After Ankle Fracture Surgically Treated: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ribeiro de Ávila Viviane , Bento Teresa , Gomes Wellington , Leitão José , Fortuna de Sousa Nelson
Published: March 2017

Context: Ankle fractures (AFs) are the most common fractures of the lower limbs found in emergency services. Approximately 53% of these fractures are unstable and treated surgically. Objective: To conduct a systematic review evaluating functional outcomes and quality of life of patients with AFs surgically treated. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Five electronic databases were searched, without any limit on publication dates. Only patients with an unstable AF that was surgically treated were included; functional outcomes and the quality of life were controlled by the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey instrument. Evidence Synthesis: Five studies were included in the analysis, including 267 patients. The values of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale ranged between a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 7 points. Patients with surgically treated AF reported less functionality and physical capacity compared with the nonfractured population. Some patients experienced vitality, emotional, and mental health limitations for a long period. Most surgically treated patients reported no pain and a good health and social status. Conclusion: Limitations in functionality and physical capacity represent the main threats to health-related quality of life in patients with surgically treated AFs.
First Insights into the Genome Sequence of the Strictly Anaerobic Homoacetogenic Sporomusa sphaeroides Strain E (DSM 2875)
Authors: Villamizar Genis Andrés Castillo , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja
Published: March 2017

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Sporomusa sphaeroides
strain E (DSM 2875), a strict anaerobic homoacetogenic bacterium. It is able to grow autotrophically on different one-carbon compounds. The strain possesses several genes of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The genome consists of a single chromosome (4.98 Mb).
First Report on the Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus crustorum MN047, a Potent Probiotic Strain Isolated from Koumiss in China
Authors: Yi Lanhua , Guo Xing , Liu Lian , Shao Chunge , Lü Xin
Published: March 2017

The complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus crustorum
deciphered by PacBio RS II and Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing was first reported with one chromosome and two plasmids. Sequence analysis of
L. crustorum
MN047 showed probiotic characteristics.
Genome Sequence of Creatinine-Fermenting Tissierella creatinophila Strain KRE 4
T
(DSM 6911)
Authors: Nacke Heiko , Daniel Rolf , Poehlein Anja
Published: March 2017

Tissierella creatinophila
strain KRE 4
T
(DSM 6911) is a strictly anaerobic, creatinine-fermenting, and creatine-fermenting organism, which has been isolated from sewage sludge. The draft genome consists of one circular chromosome (2.5 Mb) and harbors 2,533 predicted protein-encoding genes.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain MN067 from India, a Commensal Bacterium with Potent Pathogenic Ability
Authors: Nagarjuna Daram , Gaind Rajni , Dhanda Rakesh Singh , Yadav Manisha
Published: March 2017

Escherichia coli
is one of the most frequently prevalent pathogens, causing infections in health care settings throughout the world. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of MN067, a commensal bacterium with a pathogenic potential.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Murine Bacterial Isolate Lactobacillus murinus EF-1
Authors: Fritz Eric , Miller Michael J.
Published: March 2017

Screening for lysogenic lactobacilli in rat fecal samples has identified
Lactobacillus murinus
EF-1. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 2.30-Mb draft genome with 39.6% G+C content and 2,196 open reading frames. PHAST analysis identified three intact prophages of 26.1 kb, 25.4 kb, and 49.6 kb in size.
Genome Sequence of Human Rhinovirus A22, Strain Lancaster/2015
Authors: Atkinson Kate V. , Bishop Lisa A. , Rhodes Glenn , Salez Nicolas , McEwan Neil R. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Robey Julie , Harding Nicola , Wetherell Simon , Lauder Robert M. , Pickup Roger W. , Wilkinson Mark , Gatherer Derek
Published: March 2017

The genome of human rhinovirus A22 (HRV-A22) was assembled by deep sequencing RNA samples from nasopharyngeal swabs. The assembled genome is 8.7% divergent from the HRV-A22 reference strain over its full length, and it is only the second full-length genome sequence for HRV-A22. The new strain is designated strain HRV-A22/Lancaster/2015.
Comparative effectiveness of different wound dressings for patients with partial-thickness burns: study protocol of a systematic review and a Bayesian framework network meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Qiong , Chen Zhao-Hong , Wang Shun-Bin , Chen Xiao-Dong
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Selecting a suitable wound dressing for patients with partial-thickness burns (PTBs) is important in wound care. However, the comparative effectiveness of different dressings has not been studied. We report the protocol of a network meta-analysis designed to combine direct and indirect evidence of wound dressings in the management of PTB.

Methods and analysis

We will search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the wound-healing effect of a wound dressing in the management of PTB. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register and CINAHL. A comprehensive search strategy is developed to retrieve articles reporting potentially eligible RCTs. Besides, we will contact the experts in the field and review the conference proceedings to locate non-published studies. The reference lists of articles will be reviewed for any candidate studies. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts of the candidate articles. All eligible RCTs will be obtained in full text to perform a review. Disagreement on eligibility of an RCT will be solved by group discussion. The information of participants, interventions, comparisons and outcomes from included RCTs will be recorded and summarised. The primary outcome is time to complete wound healing. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of burns completely healed at the end of treatment, change in wound surface area at the end of treatment, incidence of adverse events, etc.

Ethics and dissemination

The result of this review will provide evidence for the comparative effectiveness of different wound dressings in the management of PTB. It will also facilitate decision-making in choosing a suitable wound dressing. We will disseminate the review through a peer-review journal and conference abstracts or posters.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO CRD42016041574; Pre-results.
Single-stage osseointegrated reconstruction and rehabilitation of lower limb amputees: the Osseointegration Group of Australia Accelerated Protocol-2 (OGAAP-2) for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Al Muderis Munjed , Lu William , Tetsworth Kevin , Bosley Belinda , Li Jiao Jiao
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Lower limb amputations have detrimental influences on the quality of life, function and body image of the affected patients. Following amputation, prolonged rehabilitation is required for patients to be fitted with traditional socket prostheses, and many patients experience symptomatic socket–residuum interface problems which lead to reduced prosthetic use and quality of life. Osseointegration has recently emerged as a novel approach for the reconstruction of amputated limbs, which overcomes many of the socket-related problems by directly attaching the prosthesis to the skeletal residuum. To date, the vast majority of osseointegration procedures worldwide have been performed in 2 stages, which require at least 4 months and up to 18 months for the completion of reconstruction and rehabilitation from the time of the initial surgery. The current prospective cohort study evaluates the safety and efficacy of a single-stage osseointegration procedure performed under the Osseointegration Group of Australia Accelerated Protocol-2 (OGAAP-2), which dramatically reduces the time of recovery to ∼3–6 weeks.

Methods and analysis

The inclusion criteria for osseointegrated reconstruction under the OGAAP-2 procedure are age over 18 years, unilateral transfemoral amputation and experiencing problems or difficulties in using socket prostheses. All patients receive osseointegrated implants which are press-fitted into the residual bone. Functional and quality-of-life outcome measures are recorded preoperatively and at defined postoperative follow-up intervals up to 2 years. Postoperative adverse events are also recorded. The preoperative and postoperative values are compared for each outcome measure, and the benefits and harms of the single-stage OGAAP-2 procedure will be compared with the results obtained using a previously employed 2-stage procedure.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethics approval from the University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia (014153S). The study outcomes will be disseminated by publications in peer-reviewed academic journals and presentations at relevant clinical and orthopaedic conferences.
Towards personalised intra-arterial treatment of patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a study protocol for development and validation of a clinical decision aid
Authors: Mulder Maxim J H L , Venema Esmee , Roozenbeek Bob , Broderick Joseph P , Yeatts Sharon D , Khatri Pooja , Berkhemer Olvert A , Roos Yvo B W E M , Majoie Charles B L M , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , van Zwam Wim H , van der Lugt Aad , Steyerberg Ewout W , Dippel Diederik W J , Lingsma Hester F
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Overall, intra-arterial treatment (IAT) proved to be beneficial in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to a proximal occlusion in the anterior circulation. However, heterogeneity in treatment benefit may be relevant for personalised clinical decision-making. Our aim is to improve selection of patients for IAT by predicting individual treatment benefit or harm.

Methods and analysis

We will use data collected in the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) trial to analyse the effect of baseline characteristics on outcome and treatment effect. A multivariable proportional odds model with interaction terms will be developed to predict the outcome for each individual patient, both with and without IAT. Model performance will be expressed as discrimination and calibration, after bootstrap resampling and shrinkage of regression coefficients, to correct for optimism. External validation will be conducted on data of patients in the Interventional Management of Stroke III trial (IMS III). Primary outcome will be the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days after stroke.

Ethics and dissemination

The proposed study will provide an internationally applicable clinical decision aid for IAT. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and in an online web application tool. Formal ethical approval was not required as primary data were already collected.

Trial registration numbers

ISRCTN10888758; Post-results andNCT00359424; Post-resultsc.
Differences between determinants of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation costs for patients with acute heart failure: a nationwide observational study from Japan
Authors: Sasaki Noriko , Kunisawa Susumu , Ikai Hiroshi , Imanaka Yuichi
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Although current case-mix classifications in prospective payment systems were developed to estimate patient resource usage, whether these classifications reflect clinical outcomes remains unknown. The efficient management of acute heart failure (AHF) with high mortality is becoming more important in many countries as its prevalence and associated costs are rapidly increasing. Here, we investigate the determinants of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation costs to clarify the impact of severity factors on these outcomes in patients with AHF, and examine the level of agreement between the predicted values of mortality and costs.

Design

Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting and participants

A total of 19 926 patients with AHF from 261 acute care hospitals in Japan were analysed using administrative claims data.

Main outcome measures

Multivariable logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to examine the determinants of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation costs, respectively. The independent variables were grouped into patient condition on admission, postadmission procedures indicating disease severity (eg, intra-aortic balloon pumping) and other high-cost procedures (eg, single-photon emission CT). These groups of independent variables were cumulatively added to the models, and their effects on the models' abilities to predict the respective outcomes were examined. The level of agreement between the quartiles of predicted mortality and predicted costs was analysed using Cohen's κ coefficient.

Results

In-hospital mortality was associated with patient's condition on admission and severity-indicating procedures (C-statistics 0.870), whereas hospitalisation costs were associated with severity-indicating procedures and high-cost procedures (R20.32). There were substantial differences in determinants between the outcomes. In addition, there was no consistent relationship observed (κ=0.016, p<0.0001) between the quartiles of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation costs.

Conclusions

The determinants of mortality and costs for hospitalised patients with AHF were generally different. Our results indicate that the same case-mix classifications should not be used to predict both these outcomes.
Simulation research to enhance patient safety and outcomes: recommendations of the Simnovate Patient Safety Domain Group
Authors: Pucher Philip H , Tamblyn Robyn , Boorman Daniel , Dixon-Woods Mary , Donaldson Liam , Draycott Tim , Forster Alan , Nadkarni Vinay , Power Chris , Sevdalis Nick , Aggarwal Rajesh
Published: March 2017

The use of simulation-based training has established itself in healthcare but its implementation has been varied and mostly limited to technical and non-technical skills training. This article discusses the possibilities of the use of simulation as part of an overarching approach to improving patient safety, and represents the views of the Simnovate Patient Safety Domain Group, an international multidisciplinary expert group dedicated to the improvement of patient safety. The application and integration of simulation into the various facets of a learning healthcare system is discussed, with reference to relevant literature and the different modalities of simulation which may be employed. The selection and standardisation of outcomes is highlighted as a key goal if the evidence base for simulation-based patient safety interventions is to be strengthened. This may be achieved through the establishment of standardised reporting criteria. If such safety interventions can be proven to be effective, financial incentives are likely to be necessary to promote their uptake, with the intention that up-front cost to payers or insurers be recouped in the longer term but reductions in complications and lengths of stay.
Enhancing quality of medical care in low income and middle income countries through simulation-based initiatives: recommendations of the Simnovate Global Health Domain Group
Authors: Puri Lekha , Das Jishnu , Pai Madhukar , Agrawal Priya , Fitzgerald J Edward , Kelley Edward , Kesler Sarah , Mate Kedar , Mohanan Manoj , Okrainec Allan , Aggarwal Rajesh
Published: March 2017

Background

Quality of medical care in low income and middle income countries (LMICs) is variable, resulting in significant medical errors and adverse patient outcomes. Integration of simulation-based training and assessment may be considered to enhance quality of patient care in LMICs. The aim of this study was to consider the role of simulation in LMICs, to directly impact health professions education, measurement and assessment.

Methods

The Simnovate Global Health Domain Group undertook three teleconferences and a direct face-to-face meeting. A scoping review of published studies using simulation in LMICs was performed and, in addition, a detailed survey was sent to the World Directory of Medical Schools and selected known simulation centres in LMICs.

Results

Studies in LMICs employed low-tech manikins, standardised patients and procedural simulation methods. Low-technology manikins were the majority simulation method used in medical education (42%), and focused on knowledge and skills outcomes. Compared to HICs, the majority of studies evaluated baseline adherence to guidelines rather than focusing on improving medical knowledge through educational intervention. There were 46 respondents from the survey, representing 21 countries and 28 simulation centres. Within the 28 simulation centres, teachers and trainees were from across all healthcare professions.

Discussion

Broad use of simulation is low in LMICs, and the full potential of simulation-based interventions for improved quality of care has yet to be realised. The use of simulation in LMICs could be a potentially untapped area that, if increased and/or improved, could positively impact patient safety and the quality of care.
Simnovate: simulation, innovation and education for better healthcare
Authors: Aggarwal Rajesh
Published: March 2017

Simulation has already transformed medical education, and holds the power to shape modern healthcare systems, communities and populations. Simnovate is a mission, a community and a partnership of passionate, driven and game-changing individuals, who wish to see the change we can make together, in the world, right now. Four domains were defined: patient safety, medical technologies, global health and pervasive learning, with domain group experts that span healthcare simulation, outcomes research, aviation, serious gaming, patient safety, economics, machine learning, biorobotics, implementation science, global health and the visual arts. Bringing together simulation, innovation and education, for better health and care.
Phenomenology of the new physics coming from 2HDMs to the neutrino magnetic dipole moment
Authors: Tarazona Carlos G. , Diaz Rodolfo A. , Morales John , Castillo Andrés
Published: March 2017

In several frameworks for leptons sectors of Two Higgs Doublet Models, we calculate the magnetic dipole moment for different flavor types of neutrino. Computations are carried out by assuming a normal hierarchy for neutrino masses, and analyzing the process [Formula: see text] with a charged Higgs boson into the loop. The analysis was performed by sweeping the charged Higgs mass and taking into account the experimental constraints for relevant parameters in Two Higgs Doublet Models with and without flavor changing neutral currents; obtaining magnetic dipole moments close to the experimental thresholds for tau neutrinos in type II and lepton-specific cases. In the neutrino-specific scenario, the contribution of new physics could be sizeable to the current measurement for flavor magnetic dipole moment. This fact leads to excluding possible zones in the parameter space of charged Higgs mass and vacuum expectation value of the second doublet.
Thermoelectric properties of Cu2Se/xNi0.85Se hot-pressed from hydrothermal synthesis nanopowders
Authors: Gao Feng , Du Xiaohan , Wu Fang , Li Xinjian , Hu Xing , Song Hongzhang
Published: March 2017

The [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) nanopowders were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and then were hot-pressed into bulk alloys. The effects of [Formula: see text] secondary phase on the thermoelectric (TE) properties of [Formula: see text] were investigated. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], both their electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficients increase. While for [Formula: see text], they decrease instead. The samples for [Formula: see text] have lower thermal conductivity. However, for [Formula: see text], the thermal conductivity rises remarkably. As an overall result, the maximum value of dimensionless TE figure of merit (ZT) reaches 1.52 at 873 K for the sample of [Formula: see text], 36.5% higher than for the sample without [Formula: see text].
Conductance through a parallel-coupled double quantum dot with a side-coupled quantum dot system
Authors: He Zelong , Bai Jiyuan , Ma Cheng
Published: March 2017

Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique, conductance through a parallel-coupled double quantum dot (PCDQD) with a side-coupled quantum dot system is investigated. The evolution of the conductance strongly depends on the coupling between the side-coupled quantum dot and PCDQD. Moreover, the conductance as a function of the level of side-couple quantum dot is investigated. Numerical results indicate the lineshape of Fano resonance can be modulated by adjusting the interdot coupling strength.
Extended electrodynamics and its consequences
Authors: Arbab A. I.
Published: March 2017

Various possibilities of extending Maxwell’s equations are discussed and their consequences are investigated. These include Proca, van Vlaenderen–Waser and unified quantum equations.
Current density and conductivity through modified gravity in the graphene with defects
Authors: Sepehri Alireza , Pincak Richard , Bamba Kazuharu , Capozziello Salvatore , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: March 2017

We propose a model describing the evolution of the free electron current density in graphene. Based on the concept of Mp-branes, we perform the analysis using the difference between curvatures of parallel and anti-parallel spins. In such a framework, an effective graviton emerges in the form of gauge field exchange between electrons. In a plain graphene system, the curvatures produced by both kinds of spins neutralize each other. However, in the presence of defects, the inequality between curvatures leads to the emergence of current density, modified gravity and conductivity. Depending on the type of the defects, the resulting current density can be negative or positive.
MULTIFRACTAL IN VOLATILITY OF FAMILY BUSINESS STOCKS LISTED ON CASABLANCA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: LAHMIRI SALIM
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we check for existence of multifractal in volatility of Moroccan family business stock returns and in volatility of Casablanca market index returns based on multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) technique. Empirical results show strong evidence of multifractal characteristics in volatility series of both family business stocks and market index. In addition, it is found that small variations in volatility of family business stocks are persistent, whilst small variations in volatility of market index are anti-persistent. However, large variations in family business volatility and market index volatility are both anti-persistent. Furthermore, multifractal spectral analysis based results show strong evidence that volatility in Moroccan family business companies exhibits more multifractality than volatility in the main stock market. These results may provide insightful information for risk managers concerned with family business stocks.
Recursive Feature Elimination with Ensemble Learning Using SOM Variants
Authors: Filali Ameni , Jlassi Chiraz , Arous Najet
Published: March 2017

To uncover an appropriate latent subspace for data representation, we propose in this paper a new extension of the random forests method which leads to the unsupervised feature selection called Feature Selection with Random Forests (RFS) based on SOM variants that evaluates the out-of-bag feature importance from a set of partitions. Every partition is created using a several bootstrap samples and a random features subset. We obtain empirical results on 19 benchmark datasets specifying that RFS, boosted with a recursive feature elimination (RFE) method, can lead to important enhancement in terms of clustering accuracy with a very restricted subset of features.

Simulations are performed on nine different benchmarks, including face data, handwritten digit data, and document data. Promising experimental results and theoretical analysis prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method for feature selection in comparison with competitive representative algorithms.
“The Sleeping Dragon Is Gathering Strength”: Causes of Sinophobia in Central Asia
Authors: Owen Catherine
Published: March 2017

In order to explore the roots of contemporary Sinophobia in Central Asia, this article combines historical analysis with ethnographically informed interviews. It shows that Sinophobia is widely spread through conspiracy theories especially in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Based on the territorial acquisitions made by China in the immediate post-Soviet period, conspiracy theories suggest that China is planning to “take over” Central Asia. However, a diachronic view of relations between China and Central Asian states demonstrates that these acquisitions were part of an attempt to resolve colonial disputes dating back to the late 19th century, and that China has already significantly reduced its territorial claims. Fears of contemporary Chinese territorial expansion are therefore greatly exaggerated. This article concludes by endorsing a proactive stance on tackling Sinophobia in Central Asia, both for the Chinese government and for regional states. Other than the many economic initiatives it funds in Central Asia, China must put more efforts to enhance its soft power so as to assuage the century-long Sinophobia in the region.
Event identification in social networks
Authors: Zarrinkalam Fattane , Bagheri Ebrahim
Published: March 2017

Social networks enable users to freely communicate with each other and share their recent news, ongoing activities or views about different topics. As a result, they can be seen as a potentially viable source of information to understand the current emerging topics/events. The ability to model emerging topics is a substantial step to monitor and summarize the information originating from social sources. Applying traditional methods for event detection which are often proposed for processing large, formal and structured documents, are less effective, due to the short length, noisiness and informality of the social posts. Recent event detection techniques address these challenges by exploiting the opportunities behind abundant information available in social networks. This article provides an overview of the state of the art in event detection from social networks.
Business process mining
Authors: Pourmasoumi Asef , Bagheri Ebrahim
Published: March 2017

One of the most valuable assets of an organization is its organizational data. The analysis and mining of this potential hidden treasure can lead to much added-value for the organization. Process mining is an emerging area that can be useful in helping organizations understand the status quo, check for compliance and plan for improving their processes. The aim of process mining is to extract knowledge from event logs of today’s organizational information systems. Process mining includes three main types: discovering process models from event logs, conformance checking and organizational mining. In this paper, we briefly introduce process mining and review some of its most important techniques. Also, we investigate some of the applications of process mining in industry and present some of the most important challenges that are faced in this area.
Selected topics in statistical computing
Authors: Chatla Suneel Babu , Chen Chun-Houh , Shmueli Galit
Published: March 2017

The field of computational statistics refers to statistical methods or tools that are computationally intensive. Due to the recent advances in computing power, some of these methods have become prominent and central to modern data analysis. In this paper, we focus on several of the main methods including density estimation, kernel smoothing, smoothing splines, and additive models. While the field of computational statistics includes many more methods, this paper serves as a brief introduction to selected popular topics.
Petroleum geology of the Cygnus gas field, UK North Sea: from discovery to development
Authors: Catto Ross , Taggart Samantha , Poole Gareth
Published: March 2017

The Cygnus Field, operated by ENGIE E&P UK Limited, is located in UK Southern North Sea blocks 44/11 and 44/12. The reservoir comprises sandstones of the Permian Leman Sandstone Formation and Carboniferous Ketch Formation.

Cygnus was first drilled in 1988 by well 44/12-1, which encountered gas shows in sandstones in the Leman Sandstone Formation whilst targeting a Carboniferous objective. The initial evaluation indicated the presence of poor-quality reservoir with conventional log analysis indicating high water saturations. Further appraisal activity ceased until 2002 when a group led by ENGIE E&P UK Limited were awarded the licence in the 20th round having recognized the missed pay potential. Through appraisal drilling, a second reservoir (the Carboniferous Ketch Formation) was discovered and the Leman Sandstone Formation was proven to be capable of achieving stabilized flow rates greater than 30 MMscf/d.

The Cygnus discovery now proves that a northern-sourced Leman Sandstone Formation play fairway exists, establishing an extension of the Rotliegend play to the northern feather edge of the Southern Permian Basin. The Cygnus Field's estimated ultimate recoverable volume is forecast to be 760 Bscf, making it the largest field discovered in the UK Southern North Sea in the last 30 years.
Wanted
Authors: Regli William
Published: March 2017

Seeking to use software, hardware, and algorithmic ingenuity to create unique domain-independent instruments.
Attack of the killer microseconds
Authors: Barroso Luiz , Marty Mike , Patterson David , Ranganathan Parthasarathy
Published: March 2017

Microsecond-scale I/O means tension between performance and productivity that will need new latency-mitigating ideas, including in hardware.
Uninitialized reads
Authors: Seacord Robert C.
Published: March 2017

Understanding the proposed revisions to the C language.
Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism coincide with increased intestinal permeability in young adults under prolonged physiological stress
Authors: Karl J. Philip , Margolis Lee M. , Madslien Elisabeth H. , Murphy Nancy E. , Castellani John W. , Gundersen Yngvar , Hoke Allison V. , Levangie Michael W. , Kumar Raina , Chakraborty Nabarun , Gautam Aarti , Hammamieh Rasha , Martini Svein , Montain Scott J. , Pasiakos Stefan M.
Published: March 2017

The magnitude, temporal dynamics, and physiological effects of intestinal microbiome responses to physiological stress are poorly characterized. This study used a systems biology approach and a multiple-stressor military training environment to determine the effects of physiological stress on intestinal microbiota composition and metabolic activity, as well as intestinal permeability (IP). Soldiers ( n = 73) were provided three rations per day with or without protein- or carbohydrate-based supplements during a 4-day cross-country ski-march (STRESS). IP was measured before and during STRESS. Blood and stool samples were collected before and after STRESS to measure inflammation, stool microbiota, and stool and plasma global metabolite profiles. IP increased 62 ± 57% (mean ± SD, P < 0.001) during STRESS independent of diet group and was associated with increased inflammation. Intestinal microbiota responses were characterized by increased α-diversity and changes in the relative abundance of >50% of identified genera, including increased abundance of less dominant taxa at the expense of more dominant taxa such as Bacteroides. Changes in intestinal microbiota composition were linked to 23% of metabolites that were significantly altered in stool after STRESS. Together, pre-STRESS Actinobacteria relative abundance and changes in serum IL-6 and stool cysteine concentrations accounted for 84% of the variability in the change in IP. Findings demonstrate that a multiple-stressor military training environment induced increases in IP that were associated with alterations in markers of inflammation and with intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Associations between IP, the pre-STRESS microbiota, and microbiota metabolites suggest that targeting the intestinal microbiota could provide novel strategies for preserving IP during physiological stress.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Military training, a unique model for studying temporal dynamics of intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiota responses to stress, resulted in increased intestinal permeability concomitant with changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism. Prestress intestinal microbiota composition and changes in fecal concentrations of metabolites linked to the microbiota were associated with increased intestinal permeability. Findings suggest that targeting the intestinal microbiota could provide novel strategies for mitigating increases in intestinal permeability during stress.
Contribution of two-pore K+ channels to cardiac ventricular action potential revealed using human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chai Sam , Wan Xiaoping , Nassal Drew M. , Liu Haiyan , Moravec Christine S. , Ramirez-Navarro Angelina , Deschênes Isabelle
Published: March 2017

Two-pore K+ (K2p) channels have been described in modulating background conductance as leak channels in different physiological systems. In the heart, the expression of K2p channels is heterogeneous with equivocation regarding their functional role. Our objective was to determine the K2p expression profile and their physiological and pathophysiological contribution to cardiac electrophysiology. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from humans were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). mRNA was isolated from these cells, commercial iPSC-CM (iCells), control human heart ventricular tissue (cHVT), and ischemic (iHF) and nonischemic heart failure tissues (niHF). We detected 10 K2p channels in the heart. Comparing quantitative PCR expression of K2p channels between human heart tissue and iPSC-CMs revealed K2p1.1, K2p2.1, K2p5.1, and K2p17.1 to be higher expressed in cHVT, whereas K2p3.1 and K2p13.1 were higher in iPSC-CMs. Notably, K2p17.1 was significantly lower in niHF tissues compared with cHVT. Action potential recordings in iCells after K2p small interfering RNA knockdown revealed prolongations in action potential depolarization at 90% repolarization for K2p2.1, K2p3.1, K2p6.1, and K2p17.1. Here, we report the expression level of 10 human K2p channels in iPSC-CMs and how they compared with cHVT. Importantly, our functional electrophysiological data in human iPSC-CMs revealed a prominent role in cardiac ventricular repolarization for four of these channels. Finally, we also identified K2p17.1 as significantly reduced in niHF tissues and K2p4.1 as reduced in niHF compared with iHF. Thus, we advance the notion that K2p channels are emerging as novel players in cardiac ventricular electrophysiology that could also be remodeled in cardiac pathology and therefore contribute to arrhythmias.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two-pore K+ (K2p) channels are traditionally regarded as merely background leak channels in myriad physiological systems. Here, we describe the expression profile of K2p channels in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and outline a salient role in cardiac repolarization and pathology for multiple K2p channels.
Airway smooth muscle dysfunction in Pompe (Gaa−/−) mice
Authors: Keeler Allison M. , Liu Donghai , Zieger Marina , Xiong Lang , Salemi Jeffrey , Bellvé Karl , Byrne Barry J. , Fuller David D. , ZhuGe Ronghua , ElMallah Mai K.
Published: March 2017

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), an enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing lysosomal glycogen. Deficiency of GAA leads to systemic glycogen accumulation in the lysosomes of skeletal muscle, motor neurons, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and motor neuron pathology are known to contribute to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease, but the role of airway pathology has not been evaluated. Here we propose that GAA enzyme deficiency disrupts the function of the trachea and bronchi and this lower airway pathology contributes to respiratory insufficiency in Pompe disease. Using an established mouse model of Pompe disease, the Gaa−/−mouse, we compared histology, pulmonary mechanics, airway smooth muscle (ASM) function, and calcium signaling between Gaa−/−and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Lysosomal glycogen accumulation was observed in the smooth muscle of both the bronchi and the trachea in Gaa−/−but not WT mice. Furthermore, Gaa−/−mice had hyporesponsive airway resistance and bronchial ring contraction to the bronchoconstrictive agents methacholine (MCh) and potassium chloride (KCl) and to a bronchodilator (albuterol). Finally, calcium signaling during bronchiolar smooth muscle contraction was impaired in Gaa−/−mice indicating impaired extracellular calcium influx. We conclude that GAA enzyme deficiency leads to glycogen accumulation in the trachea and bronchi and impairs the ability of lower ASM to regulate calcium and respond appropriately to bronchodilator or constrictors. Accordingly, ASM dysfunction may contribute to respiratory impairments in Pompe disease.
The influence of gravity on regional lung blood flow in humans: SPECT in the upright and head-down posture
Authors: Ax M. , Sanchez-Crespo A. , Lindahl S. G. E. , Mure M. , Petersson J.
Published: March 2017

Previous studies in humans have shown that gravity has little influence on the distribution of lung blood flow while changing posture from supine to prone. This study aimed to evaluate the maximal influence of posture by comparison of regional lung blood flow in the upright and head-down posture in 8 healthy volunteers, using a tilt table. Regional lung blood flow was marked by intravenous injection of macroaggregates of human albumin labeled with 99mTc or 113mIn, in the upright and head-down posture, respectively, during tidal breathing. Both radiotracers remain fixed in the lung after administration. The distribution of radioactivity was mapped using quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) corrected for attenuation and scatter. All images were obtained supine during tidal breathing. A shift from upright to the head-down posture caused a clear redistribution of blood flow from basal to apical regions. We conclude that posture plays a role for the distribution of lung blood flow in upright humans, and that the influence of posture, and thereby gravity, is much greater in the upright and head-down posture than in horizontal postures. However, the results of the study demonstrate that lung structure is the main determinant of regional blood flow and gravity is a secondary contributor to the distribution of lung blood flow in the upright and head-down positions.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a dual-isotope quantitative SPECT method, we demonstrated that although a shift in posture redistributes blood flow in the direction of gravity, the results are also consistent with lung structure being a greater determinant of regional blood flow than gravity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use modern imaging methods to quantify the shift in regional lung blood flow in humans at a change between the upright and head-down postures.
Fluorouracil Enhances Photodynamic Therapy of Squamous Cell Carcinoma via a p53-Independent Mechanism that Increases Protoporphyrin IX levels and Tumor Cell Death
Authors: Anand Sanjay , Rollakanti Kishore R. , Brankov Nikoleta , Brash Douglas E. , Hasan Tayyaba , Maytin Edward V.
Published: March 2017

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to drive synthesis of protoporphryin IX (PpIX) is a promising, scar-free alternative to surgery for skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and SCC precursors called actinic keratoses. In the United States, PDT is only FDA approved for treatment of actinic keratoses; this narrow range of indications could be broadened if PDT efficacy were improved. Toward that goal, we developed a mechanism-based combination approach using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a neoadjuvant for ALA-based PDT. In mouse models of SCC (orthotopic UV-induced lesions, and subcutaneous A431 and 4T1 tumors), pretreatment with 5-FU for 3 days followed by ALA for 4 hours led to large, tumor-selective increases in PpIX levels, and enhanced cell death upon illumination. Several mechanisms were identified that might explain the relatively improved therapeutic response. First, the expression of key enzymes in the heme synthesis pathway was altered, including upregulated coproporphyrinogen oxidase and downregulated ferrochelatase. Second, a 3- to 6-fold induction of p53 in 5-FU–pretreated tumors was noted. The fact that A431 contains a mutant form p53 did not prevent the development of a neoadjuvantal 5-FU effect. Furthermore, 5-FU pretreatment of 4T1 tumors (cells that completely lack p53), still led to significant beneficial inductions, that is, 2.5-fold for both PpIX and PDT-induced cell death. Thus, neoadjuvantal 5-FU combined with PDT represents a new therapeutic approach that appears useful even for p53-mutant and p53-null tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1092–101. ©2017 AACR.
Denosumab - erste Wahl bei der medikamentösen Therapie von Knochenmetastasen
Authors: Link Hartmut
Published: March 2017

Einführung: Knochenmetastasen führen zu lokaler Knochenzerstörung und skelettalen Komplikationen. Bisphosphonate, insbesondere Zoledronsäure (ZS), spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Behandlung von Knochenmetastasen. Einige Studien haben gezeigt, dass Denosumab skelettbezogene Ereignisse bei metastasierter Knochenerkrankung möglicherweise effektiver verzögern und verhindern kann als ZS. Daher haben wir die Sicherheit von Denosumab und ZS systematisch überprüft und bewertet. Methoden: In den Datenbanken PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science with Conference Proceedings, Elsevier und China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) wurde eine Suche bis einschließlich Oktober 2015 durchgeführt. Zwei unabhängige Prüfer extrahierten anhand eines Standardprotokolls Daten aus jeder geeigneten Studie; zur Analyse und Bewertung der aus den entsprechenden Artikeln entnommenen Daten wurden sowohl Fixed-Effects- als auch Random-Effects-Modelle herangezogen. Ergebnisse: In die Auswertung wurden 6 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien mit 13 733 Patienten einbezogen. Das Auftreten unerwünschter Ereignisse war im Allgemeinen ähnlich in den Denosumab- und ZS-Gruppen, mit Ausnahme von Anämie und Anorexie bei Patienten mit Knochenmetastasen sowie Rücken- und Knochenschmerzen. Jedoch gab es beim Auftreten schwerwiegender unerwünschter Ereignisse wie Hypokalzämie, renale Nebenwirkungen und neue primäre Malignome einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Denosumab- und ZS-Gruppen. Nur beim Auftreten von Osteonekrose des Kiefers zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Denosumab- und ZS-Gruppen von Patienten mit Knochenmetastasen. Schlussfolgerung: Bei Patienten mit Knochenmetastasen war Denosumab sicherer bei der Verzögerung bzw. Prävention von skelettbezogenen Ereignissen und verhinderte laut der vorliegenden Metaanalyse im Vergleich zu ZS eine Verschlimmerung der Schmerzen.