bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interictal wave pattern study in EEG of epilepsy patients
Authors: Bhuyan Rimpy , Jahan Wasima , Upadhyaya Narayan
Published: July 2017

Background: EEG or Electroencephalogram is the most important diagnostic tool to detect Epilepsy. Interictal period is the time interval between two seizure episodes of an Epileptic patient. Certain wave patterns appear in the interictal period in the EEG which might predict the onset of a seizure or may give information about the last seizure attack. The aim of the study was to know how the interictal wave patterns help in diagnosing and classifying Epilepsy casesMethods: The present study was done in the Department of Physiology in association with the Department of Neurology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam from June 2014 to May 2015. 113 clinically diagnosed cases of Epilepsy were studied and analyzed through Electro-encephalogram using the internationally accepted 10-20 electrode placement method. The interictal period was enquired in the history and the wave patterns that appeared in the EEG were recorded. The EEG findings were compared with the clinical diagnosis.Results: The IEDs detected were mainly of four types: Sharp waves, Spikes, Spike and wave and Polyspikes. It was found that the sharp waves (88.89%) were the predominant waveforms in the IEDs detected and this was followed by the ‘3 Hz spike and wave pattern’. It was also seen that the ‘3 Hz spike and wave pattern’ was associated with ‘Absence seizures’. And Myoclonic seizures were associated with polyspikes.Conclusions: It is hereby concluded that certain wave patterns in EEG appear in certain types of epilepsy that can be clinically correlated for proper diagnosis of epilepsy.
Thyroid profile in newly diagnosed male HIV patients: a study from North Western part of India
Authors: Midha Naresh Kumar , M. Chaudhary , K. Choudhary L. , S. Srivastva , M. Gupta
Published: July 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to determine proportion of newly diagnosed male HIV cases with thyroid dysfunction at different levels of CD4 counts.Methods: 195 newly diagnosed male HIV patients attending medical OPD, ART centre and medical wards of SMS Medical College and Hospital, during a period of May 2012 to April 2013 were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided in three groups on the basis of CD4 cell counts. Group A: CD4 counts <200/mm3, Group B: CD4 counts 200-499/mm3 and Group C: CD4 counts >500/mm3.Results: We concluded a negative correlation between the CD4 counts and serum TSH level (r = -0.382) which was significant (p-value <0.05). Overall 32 (16.41%) patients had increased TSH, 4 (2.05%) patients had decreased and 159 (81.53%) patients had normal TSH level. Plasma TSH values in group A were higher than group B and C and they were highly significant (p<.001). Mean plasma TSH values in patients of group A, B and C was 4.56±3.60 µIU/mL (range: 1.10-17.74), 2.20±1.02 µIU/mL (range:0.24-4.22) and 2.23±1.06 µIU/mL (range:0.28-4.25) respectively. (Reference normal value = 0.4-4.0 µIU/mL). There was significantly positive correlation (p-value < 0.01) found between the CD4 counts and serum free T4 levels (r = +0.378).Conclusions: This study has demonstrated a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patients of this part of country. High prevalence of thyroid dysfunction may contribute to the morbidity of the patients and have a bearing on quality of life of the HIV infected patients. Severity of hypothyroidism was correlated with decreasing CD4 cell count.
Value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Peposhi Ilir Pajazit , Kapisyzi Perlat Qazim , Hafizi Hasan Sulejman , Bala Silvana Abdi , Nuredini Ornela Gani
Published: July 2017

Background: Bronchoscopy has been found to be applicable in diagnosing suspects of pulmonary TB which have no sputum or sputum smear negative for acid fast bacilli. Additionally, it is helpful in the diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis, allowing early detection of broncho stenosis.Methods: A prospective study, where bronchoscopy was conducted in 167 patients with acid-fast bacillus sputum smear negative. The average age of the patients was 44.1±19.4, from age 15 to 87 years old, higher frequency in age from 20-40 years old and 55-64 years old.Results: From 167 patients in the study, endoscopic presentation resulted: normal in 7 (4.2%) cases, bronchitis - 60 (35.9%) cases, oedematous-hyperaemic -62 (37.1%) cases, caseous inflammation - 7 (4.2%) cases, ulcerative lesions - 3 (1.8%) cases, tumoral lesions - 21 (12.6%) cases and fibrous stenotic changes in 7 (4.2%) patients. From 44 (26.3%) patients to whom was obtained biopsy, the histological examination has resulted: 24 (54.5%) cases with TB granuloma, 14 (31.8%) - epithelioid granulomas and in 6 (13.6%) cases resulted non-specific inflammation. The examination of bronchial washing for acid-fast bacillus smear concluded the diagnosis in 40.4% of cases, the examination for acid-fast bacillus smear collected after diagnostic FBS has been decisive in 53.9% of cases. The examination for acid-fast bacillus culture resulted positive in 70.5% of bronchial washing and in 61.2% of sputum collected after FBS.Conclusions: Fibreoptic bronchoscopy plays the key role to the patients with suspected tuberculosis which are acid-fast bacillus smear negative or that have no sputum.
Sero-prevalence of Salmonella typhi antibodies among adult residents of some selected rural communities of Abia and Enugu States, Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Umegbolu Emmanuel I.
Published: July 2017

Background: Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) antibodies may be considered as biomarkers of typhoid fever, a severe febrile systemic illness caused by an invasive Gram-negative Bacterium S. typhi. Worldwide, about 21-26.9 million cases of typhoid fever and 200 000-215 000 deaths, occur annually. Between 2003 and 2005, statistics have shown a rising trend in the incidence of typhoid fever in Abia and Enugu States. The aim of the study was to determine the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in some rural communities of Abia and Enugu States as proxy indicators of prevalence typhoid fever (TF) in the two states.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies in ten rural communities of Umunneochi Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State and Ezeagu LGA of Enugu State using 421 (200 in Abia and 221 in Enugu) blood samples for the Widal test to determine the titres of these antibodies.Results: In the Abia communities the mean sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was 68.2%, while in Enugu it was 87.1%. Between the two states, difference in the sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was significant (p=0.03).Conclusions: The sero-prevalence of S. typhi antibodies was higher (87.1%) in the Enugu communities, compared to the Abia communities (68.2%). To reduce the incidence and prevalence of TF in the communities, access to safe domestic water, improved sanitation and good food hygiene needs to be improved. Health-seeking behaviour also needs improvement.
Knowledge, attitude and behavior toward dietary salt: The nescience among hypertensive patients in Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksana Anggi Lukman
Published: July 2017

Background: Knowledge, attitude and behavior of dietary salt determine sodium intake. Among controlled (CHT) and uncontrolled patients with hypertension (UHT), however, limited information is available. The purpose of the study was to identify knowledge, attitude and behavior toward dietary salt and to define the nescience among hypertensive patients in Indonesia.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design invited subjects using purposive sampling in a general hospital in Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria were adult patients with hypertension and able to speak Bahasa Indonesia. The demographic data and knowledge, attitude and behavior toward dietary salt were assessed. Data were collected in cardiac clinics in Indonesia and analyzed using Mann Whitney and chi-squared tests.Results: A total of 175 participants joined the survey with dominantly males, mature age, married and having basic education level. The CHT group had higher knowledge, attitude and behaviour’s percentage on healthy eating, problems-caused by high salty diet, reducing fat and salt consumption than the UHT group although it was not statistically proved. Both groups reported nescience about recommended amount of salt consumption (84.1% versus 81.1%, CHT and UHT respectively), salt-sodium difference (56.5% versus 59.4%), nutritional information (43.5% versus 48.1%) and food labelling (39.1% versus 40.6%). Limited participants always considered packaged indication (7.2% versus 11.3%) and total salt/sodium per package was more favourable label (42% versus 31.1%).Conclusions:Results showed no significant differences of knowledge, attitude and behavior between patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension. Both groups had problems on concerning recommended amount of salt consumption, nutritional information, and food labelling which should be addressed while teaching patients about hypertension.
The negative correlation between testosterone levels and age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Parwanto Mauritius Lambertus Edy
Published: July 2017

Background: Testosterone levels in the circulation determined by production and secretion by Leydig cell in the testes. The action mechanism of testosterone to target cells mediated by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The levels of testosterone and SHBG in circulation determine men's health. The objective in this study to know the relationship between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 250 healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling was done in this study. Testosterone, SHBG and insulin in the serum were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Glucose, triglycerides and albumin were measured using a spectrophotometer. Regression analysis was done to know the correlation between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age.Results: The levels of TT, free testosterone (FT), SHBG and percentage of free testosterone (%FT) in healthy Indonesian men were negatively correlated with age (p<0.05). Free testosterone index (FTI) and insulin are not correlated with age (p>0.05). The levels of SHBG, FT, %FT and FTI were correlated positively with TT (p<0.05), but insulin did not correlate with TT (p>0.05). The %FT and FTI were positively correlated with FT (p<0.05), but SHBG and insulin levels did not correlate with FT (p>0.05). SHBG levels are not correlated with insulin (p>0.05). The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.Conclusions: The levels of TT, FT, % FT and SHBG in this study were negatively correlated with age, but the FTI and insulin did not correlate with age. The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.
Rapid identification and susceptibility pattern of various Candida isolates from different clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Rajani , Verma Rajesh K. , Kumari Sunita , Singh Amit , Singh Dharmendra P.
Published: July 2017

Background: Candida species are component of normal flora of human beings. Candidiasis is the commonest fungal disease affecting mucosa, skin, nails and internal organs. A variety of predisposing factors are known to cause candidiasis either by altering balance of normal microbial flora of the body or by lowering the host defence.Methods: A total of 90 specimens submitted in the department of microbiology were included in this study.  Identification of Candida species as well as antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek®2 compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast like organisms (ID-YST cards). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek2 fungal susceptibility card (AST YS01) kits respectively.Results: The distribution of the clinical samples were urine 53 (58.9%), sputum 14 (15.5%), blood 10 (11.1%), nail 6 (6.7%) and high vaginal swab 7 (7.8%). Among 90 clinical isolates, species obtained were C. tropicalis 53 (59%), C. albicans 23 (25.5%), C. glabrata 6 (6.7%), C. parapsilosis 4 (4.4%), C. krusei 2 (2.2%), C. pelliculosa 1 (1.1%), C. famata 1 (1.1%).Conclusions: Infections caused by non-candida albicans species have increased. Identification of Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility are important for the treatment of hospitalized patients with serious underlying disease.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of breast lumps
Authors: Mane Prashant S. , Kulkarni Aparna M. , Ramteke Ravindra V.
Published: July 2017

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective, easy procedure in the diagnosis of breast lump.Methods: This was a one year retrospective study between January 2016 and December 2016. Needle aspiration was done in 100 patients presenting with breast lump. Histopathology correlation was done in 33 cases.Results: Fibroadenoma were most common lesions. Malignancy was reported in 13 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were found to be 85%, 100%, 100%, 96.3% and 97% respectively.Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, easy, OPD based, cost effective procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of breast lumps.
Phenotypic detection of carbapenem resistance in gram negative bacilli from various clinical specimens of a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Diwakar Jyoti , Verma Rajesh K. , Singh Dharmendra P. , Singh Amit , Kumari Sunita
Published: July 2017

Background: Carbapenemase producing multidrug-resistant organisms (i.e., MDROs) is a critical medical and public health issue globally. These bacteria are often resistant to all beta-lactam agents and are also co-resistant to other multiple classes of antimicrobial agents, leaving very few antimicrobial options.Methods: This study was carried out at UP University of medical sciences Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2015 to June 2016. 110 isolates were found resistant by the Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. Modified Hodge test and combined disk test were performed for resistant isolates.Results: A total of 800-gram negative isolate were included in the study. 110 isolates were found resistant to imipenem by disk diffusion method. Out of these 90 (81.81%) were positive for carbapenemase production by modified Hodge test.Conclusions: We conclude that the modified Hodge test is a useful method for detection of carbapenemase production. Combined disc method is useful to detect metallo beta lactamase production.
A prospective study among cases of the pancytopenia on the basis of clinic-hematological analysis and bone marrow aspiration
Authors: Mansuri Benazeer , Thekdi Komal P.
Published: July 2017

Background: Pancytopenia is consequence of many haematological condition with an extensive differential diagnosis. A prompt intervention is required to avoid complications. The severity and the underlying pathology determines the management and prognosis. Present study was conducted to assess the etiology, clinical profile and bone marrow morphology of pancytopenia.Methods: A prospective study was carried out among 50 consecutive patients with pancytopenia. Blood samples of the patients were analyzed for complete blood count and peripheral smear along with presence and absence of immature cells and abnormal cells. In bone marrow examination, morphology of all cells lineage, cellularity, parasite and abnormal cells were scrutinized. Trephine biopsy was done if indicated. Special investigations were done to confirm the diagnosis.Results: Among the 50 cases studied, age of the patients ranged from 1 to 70 years with a slight male predominance. Most common age group 11-20 years. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. The commonest physical finding was pallor, followed by splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. The commonest marrow finding was hyper cellularity with megaloblastic erythropoiesis. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia.Conclusions: The present study concludes that hematological investigations along with other supportive tests are helpful to diagnose or to rule out the causes of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia is commonest cause of pancytopenia in most Indian and subcontinent studies. Substantial number of patients had reversible etiology. Hence complete work up including clinical details with hematological examination along with bone marrow study will lead to early and proper diagnosis and management.
Quality of life of cervical cancer patient with support from nuclear family and extended family in Dr. Sardjito general hospital, Yogyakarta Indonesia: a comparative study
Authors: Pradjatmo Heru , Nisman Wenny Artanty , Fatmawati Yayuk
Published: July 2017

Background: Nature of the disease, side effect from treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and chemo radiation reduce the patient’s quality of life. Thus, the family support is substantial in cancer patient treatment. Aim of this study was comparing the quality of life of patients with cervical cancer in support of the nuclear family and extended family at Dr. Sardjito hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Methods: The study population were all cervical cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in Dr. Sardjito general hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from October to November 2016. Samples were collected using purposive sampling to obtain 62 respondents, 30 respondents for nuclear family group and 32 for extended family group. The study instruments were family support questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-C30 Indonesian version, and EORTC QLQ-C24 were translated to Indonesian. The quality of life was assessed during chemotherapy.Results: Quality of life for cervical cancer patient from supportive family had mean >50. The respective mean of general health status for patients from supportive nuclear and extended family were 76.28±21.434 and 67.82±22.017. Nearly all items in symptom, multi-item and single-item scales had mean <50, except item financial problem. Meanwhile, quality of life for cervical cancer patient from unsupportive family had mean >50. The respective mean of general health status for patients from unsupportive nuclear and extended family were 70.83±20.972 and 75.00±8.33. Nearly all items in symptom, multi-item and single-item scales had mean <50, except items fatigue and sore. Several items of quality of life had p<0.05, which were constipation (p=0.049), and financial problem (p=0.045).Conclusions: There was no significant difference between quality of life of cervical cancer patients with support from nuclear and extended families. However, in ‘financial problem’ item, nuclear family had better quality of life while in contrast, extended family had better quality of life in ‘constipation’ item. Family education program needed because several domains of quality of life is still low and requires family involvement in treatment.
Association between tuberculosis and bronchial asthma
Authors: Garg Kranti , Karahyla Jai Kishan
Published: July 2017

Background: Everything that wheezes is not asthma. In patients of tuberculosis (TB), wheezing can be because of bronchial asthma, or many other causes. Asthma and other causes of wheezing need to be differentiated, as the treatment should be planned accordingly.Methods: Patients of active/quiescent tuberculosis who presented to Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India, with complaints of breathlessness and had rhonchi on examination were subjected to bronchodilator reversibility testing to prove if they were suffering from concomitant asthma. Patients thus found to have tuberculosis along with asthma were analyzed with respect to age, sex, rural urban differences and timing of diagnosis of either disease. Patients who developed asthma after tuberculosis were further analyzed for duration between completion of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) and onset of asthma, family history of asthma and correlation of radiological manifestations and lung function measurements. Aim was to find association, if any, between tuberculosis and asthma.Results: Over 6 months, 69 patients of tuberculosis along with asthma were found. Only 21/69 (30.4%) patients developed tuberculosis after asthma. 48/69 (69.6%) patients developed asthma after tuberculosis. Majority (25/48=52.1%) of them developed asthma within 5 years of completion of ATT (p=0.020). Only 2/48 (2.9%) patients had a positive family history for asthma. Lung function abnormalities correlated with the extent of radiological involvement in these patients who developed asthma after tuberculosis (p ≤0.0001).Conclusions: Patients of active/quiescent tuberculosis who present with breathlessness and have rhonchi on examination should be treated for asthma only after confirmation of the diagnosis, as there can be other reasons for the same.
Assessment of need of effective health education programme for improvement of personal hygiene among adolescent girl students in a slum area of Kolkata: a school based intervention study
Authors: Pal Jayita , Pal Arghya K.
Published: July 2017

Background: Personal hygiene aims at healthy living by maintaining cleanliness of the body. Adolescent girls being in the period of active growth and development are the ideal candidates to impart proper knowledge which in turn create a correct attitude followed by practice and it would be carried to next generation. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a health education programme in improving the knowledge, attitude and practice of personal hygiene among the adolescent girls in a slum area of Kolkata, West Bengal, India.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two government Bengali medium secondary schools located in a slum area of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. First a baseline survey with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire and checklist was done to find out the socio-demographic information and existing K.A.P of personal hygiene of the students. This was followed by an intervention phase of 6 months during which weekly lecture and demonstration classes were taken in the study school. Impact of intervention was assessed by application of post-test questionnaire. Both the schools were followed for another 3 months to establish the sustainability of the programme.Results: There was statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of K.A.P of personal hygiene from the pre-test level to post-test level among the students of study school as compared to control school, though there was a significant decline in the mean scores at 9 months than 6 months revealing want of sustainability of the programme.Conclusions: Regular revision and reinforcement should be done to increase the effectiveness of a health education programme to improve personal hygiene and thereby resulting in a healthy living.
Association of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a single centre experience
Authors: Mukherjee Dibyendu , Lahiry Sandeep , Sinha Rajasree
Published: July 2017

Background: To identify clinically important predictors of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) associated self-reported depression (SRD) in Eastern India.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted among adult RA patients attending Rheumatology clinic at KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata between 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016.Results: A total of 246 questionnaires were returned (responder rate: 64.9%). 180 (47.49%) completed pairs were selected and were subsequently analyzed. Most RA patients had disease >5 years (61%), belonged to rural background (>50%) and middle-income group (43.3%). 89 patients (49.4%) reported having another major disease. Nearly 13% (working age group) claimed to be unemployed due to ‘health reasons.’ Unconditional logistic regression revealed that SRD was also related to work status (p <0.01). The prevalence of depression in RA group 21% (95% CI 15.5-26.9%), which was significantly higher (p <0.01) compared to non-RA cohort (8%; 95% CI 4-11.9). The mean score of SRD were consistently higher in females with RA (p <0.01). Treatment-naïve patients had higher incidence of depression compared to patients on >3 months of DMARDs (38% versus 17%; p<0.05). Moreover, SRD was higher in presence of co-morbidities, highest being in cancer (HR: 2.39, 95% CI 1.41-4.18), followed by chronic renal disease (HR: 2.26, 95% CI 1.05-4.12) and stroke (HR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.02-2.92).Conclusions: Depression is significantly higher patients with early RA. Pain level and work status is related, and may implicate a vicious circle. Early psychiatric evaluation may improve pain scores in RA.
A study on the mobile phone usage pattern and its dependence among medical students of a college in Kerala, India
Authors: George Shiny , Saif Namitha , Joseph Biju Baby
Published: July 2017

Background: Mobile phones have become an essential part of life. It has become an important accessory carried by everybody not only because they make it easy to keep in touch with people but because of the various facilities they offer especially the internet. The charm of mobile phone is more among young generation and the increasing use may result in dependence. Aim was to study the usage pattern and dependence of mobile phones among medical students.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted among 200 medical students and studied the pattern of usage of mobile phones, common problems encountered and its dependence using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis done using chi square test and a p value of <0.05 is taken as significant.Results: In the present study 35% of the students were frequent users that is they used for >30 minutes per day. Female students were talking more to their parents and male students to their friends followed by their lovers. 49 of them never used to attend the call while driving and 58 of them used to stop the vehicle and attend the call. (p=0.002) Mobile phone dependence was also found to be increased which is evident from ringxiety experienced by 68 students (34%) and waking up from sleep to check the mobile for call or message by 62 students(p=0.000). Out of 68 students with ringxiety, 69% were males and 37% were females (p=0.040). 82 participants (41%) commented that life without mobile will be boring and 50 (25%) said that they will feel alone or unsafe (p=0.001).Conclusions: As dependence is increasing with the excessive use of mobile phones, some interventions are required to motivate the youth against it.
Efficacy of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test to diagnose tubercular pleural effusion
Authors: Gupta Prem P. , Mynalli Adarsh B. , Yadav Aparna
Published: July 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health concern worldwide. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in India accounts up to 20% of all tuberculosis cases. EPTB often remains undetected and untreated due to variable clinical presentation and lack of diagnostic means. Early detection of TB and drug resistance is important in the management of TB. The aim of present study was to assess the role of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test in rapid diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion.Methods: The study screened 211 symptomatic patients. The patients with clinical and radiological presentations suggestive of pleural effusion were analyzed using light’s criteria to make a diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion; these patients submitted pleural fluid sample for smear microscopy after concentration for presence of acid fast bacilli under light emitting diode based fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM), and for cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) using GX4 GeneXpert MTB/Rif test system. The results were statistically analyzed.Results: Out of patients who had pleural effusion without any pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural fluid biochemistry analyses using light’s criteria detected 20 tubercular pleural effusions (11 male and 9 female). Seven patients had history of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in past, all of them received treatment with effective treatment compliance in past. Pleural fluid microscopic examination for detection of acid-fast bacilli was not able to detect acid-fast bacilli in any of these 20 patients diagnosed with tubercular pleural effusion. CBNAAT could authentically detect M. tuberculosis in 5/20 patients diagnosed with tubercular pleural effusion. There was no impact of gender, previous history of tuberculosis, history of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) intake, or compliance to ATT on CBNAAT status in this study.Conclusions: CBNAAT has the potential to significantly authenticate tubercular etiology in some of smear-negative pleural fluid specimens with rapid test results. It has an added advantage to assess the rifampicin drug sensitivity. All this contribute hugely in diagnosis and management of tubercular pleural effusion.
Histo-pathological changes in kidneys in autopsies of flame burns at a tertiary care center in North Western India: an autopsy based study at SMS medical college Jaipur (2015-2016)
Authors: Mangare Vivek Kumar , Punia Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2017

Background: Burn injury is associated with an intricate patho-physiological response with rapid involvement of various organ systems and which in turn impact the patient with multisystem disruption. These damages can be attributed to the alteration occurring at the tissue and cellular level leading to the histological changes in the renal tissue.Methods: The main aim of this study was to document the histo-pathological changes in kidneys of fatal cases of flame burns. This study was hospital based observational descriptive study carried out at mortuary of SMS medical college and attached hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India to study and document the histo-pathological changes in the fatal cases due to flame burns.Results: In this study, most common histo-pathological finding in kidneys was cloudy degeneration followed by congestion. Acute tubular necrosis of proximal convoluted necrosis was most commonly observed during 3 to 7 days of mortality (18 cases) followed by mortality during 0 to 48 hours. Acute tubular necrosis of distal convoluted tubules was most commonly observed during 3 to 7 days followed by mortality during 0 to 48 hours.Conclusions: This study revealed that cloudy degeneration and acute tubular necrosis were the hallmark changes in burn patients which were most prominent at 3-7 days after sustaining burn injuries. This reflects the role of immediate management provided to the patient during this period with timely and effective fluid restoration and it possibly will change the prognosis of patients.
Screening of Elaeocarpus floribundus fruit extracts for bioactive phytocomponents and antibacterial activity against food-borne bacteria
Authors: Sircar Bijayanta , Mandal Shyamapada
Published: July 2017

Background: Medicinal plants possess several active components having antimicrobial activity. This study was undertaken to explore the antibacterial activity of Indian olive, Elaeocarpus floribundus, fruit extracts against potential food-borne bacterial isolates.Methods: The ethanolic extracts of olive seed (OSE) and mesocarp-epicarp (OMeE), and the aqueous extracts of olive seed (AqOSE) and mesocarp-epicarp (AqOMeE) were prepared, and analysed qualitatively for phytochemicals. The antibacterial activity of the extracts against food-borne pathogenic bacteria: Bacillus sp., Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus sp. and Corynebacterium sp., was determined by agar-well diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by agar dilution method.Results: The concentration dependent activity of the extracts against the bacteria was recorded with zone diameter of inhibition 6 - 28 mm for ethanolic extracts, and 7 - 23 mm for aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts were confirmed positive for the presence of cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and quinones, while cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, quinones and phenol were detected in the aqueous extracts. The MICs of OSE and OMeE ranged 9.375-12.5mg/ml, and 1.875 - 3.125 mg/ml, respectively, for the test bacteria.Conclusions: The olive fruit extracts contained various bioactive components, and had excellent antibacterial activity against food-borne bacteria. The plant might be useful in the preparation of non-antibiotic antibacterial agents and in the storage of food as well.
Perception of students towards cadaveric dissection in a tertiary care teaching institution
Authors: Kaundal Anju Partap , Kaundal Purushottam K.
Published: July 2017

Background: Anatomy is widely acknowledged as being among the most significant element of medical education and the study of anatomy through the dissected cadaver is observed as the essential feature of medical courses. Anatomy teaching has certainly the longest history of any component of formalised medical education. While the history of dissection has been well studied, less attention has been paid to the use of the living body involved in anatomy teaching. Dissection has thus been imbibed into medical education such that it has become almost indispensable part of medical courses.Methods: A total of hundred newly admitted first year medical students’ reaction to the first day entry into the dissection hall and towards cadaveric dissection was assessed by using a set of questions. The questionnaire was given to the students just a few weeks after they began attending their dissection class.Results: Most of the students reported of bad odor of the cadaver (84%) and watering of eyes (79%) on their first day entry into the dissection hall. 94% of the students were determined, interested, and ready to study anatomy with cadaveric dissection. Majority of the students considered dissection as the best tool to study anatomy.100% of the students have showed a sense of gratitude to the people and/or the relatives who had donated their bodies.Conclusions: Cadaveric dissection is an indispensable teaching tool to study gross anatomy, and undergraduate curriculum should incorporate dissection as majority of the students are interested and determined to study anatomy with cadaveric dissection.
Management of MRSA patients on the dental chair
Authors: Manjunath Nandini , Banu Faima , Chopra Aditi , Kumar Parimala , Nishana Fathimath
Published: July 2017

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics, including methicillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. For decades, MRSA primarily has affected people who are immunocompromised, such as patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities. Recently, it has been detected in otherwise healthy people. These infections typically show up as skin infections, like abscesses or boils. Less often, these infections can be more severe, causing pneumonia, sepsis or other potentially life-threatening infections. Most of the MRSA infections are of skin origin in the community. Its main mode of transmission is through the hands i.e., of the health care workers. So, hand washing is the most crucial factor in preventing the spread of infection. In a treatment area, the dental chair including the seat and arm rest, floor beneath the chair, sink, towel dispenser, counter top, and suction chamber remain the sources of infection. These usually are not directly contacted with the patient. Other routes of transmission of MRSA include body fluid exposure to non-intact skin of health care personnel, mucous membranes, or through the sharp or percutaneous injuries. In dentistry, MRSA is known to colonize the saliva and so considered as potentially infected material and often contains blood. The present case report is to create awareness about MRSA transmission, as well as infection prevention and control measures for dental practitioners.
Role of echocardiography in stress cardiomyopathy diagnosis after tracheal extubation
Authors: Sakan Sanja , Matosevic Petar , Pavlovic Daniela Bandic , Rukavina Iva , Vadlja Jelena Magas , Balenovic Igor
Published: July 2017

Stress cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a new syndrome and still insufficiently recognized among emergency patients, hospitalized patients. Many different physical and emotional stressors are triggers, but individual susceptibility to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy can not be predicted. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in surgical and critical care population is a huge diagnostic challenge. Apart that these patients are treated in stressful environment and conditions. Postoperatively due to change of consciousness and inability to speak we can not rely on verbal symptoms to make differential diagnosis. Although essential sometimes they can not be submitted to coronary angiography to exclude obstructive coronary disease due many risk factors. So, then we follow clinical course, electrocardiographic, radiologic and echocardiographic dynamic changes, laboratory findings and consiliar opinion to make diagnosis. We represent a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a 59-years old postmenopausal Caucasian woman after tracheal extubation. She was submitted to surgery of intraabdominal collection evacuation in short general endotracheal anesthesia.
Aspek hukum kontrak dagang via internet (cyberspace transactions) dalam perspektif sistem hukum Islam
Authors: Setiawan Wijayanto
Published: July 2017

Trade contracts via the internet (cyberspace transactions) or e-commerce or in other terms is a necessity inthe development of cyberspace in the last  ten decades. In terms of the applicable legal aspects, contractstrade via the internet is having a substantial difference with the conventional contract law. From theviewpoint of Islamic Law (fiqh), the implementation of e-commerce business transactions can besamed with al-sala>m transactions in the way of payment and delivery of commodities which serve as theobject of the transaction. Transactions in e-commerce over the Internet can be aligned with the principlesof the existing transaction in the transaction al-salam, especially relating to the parties involved in thetransaction, the consensus statement and transaction through a transaction object. Based on thesestudies, the commercial transactions over the Internet is allowed as long as meet the principles of thecontract (‘aqad) in Islam, namely: (1) the parties involved in implementing the contract with proves goodand sincerity; (2) the process of conveying statements of the consensus between party is clear and notconflicting with shar’i; and (3) the object of transactions (goods or services) is something that is halal. Keywords: Trade contracts via internet; Legal aspects of contracts; Transactions al-salam
The Integration of Vocabulary and Effective Sentence Mastery towards Students’ Argumentative Writing Skills
Authors: Rafida Tien
Published: July 2017

The aims of this result to reveal the integrated of vocabulary and effective sentence mastery against the argumentation writing skill students’ PBI-SU FITK UIN the hypothesis proposed in this results are : (1) vocabulary mastery contribute to the argument to the arguments writing skill of students; (2) effective sentence mastery contribute to the argument writing skill of student; (3) vocabulary mastery and effective sentence mastery together contribute to the argument writing skill of students. This result uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study is PBI UIN-SU as many as 6 classes. As for the samples in this result are students of class II. By using cluster random sampling, obtained a sample of 140 students. The instrument used is a test. These results indicate that: (1) vocabulary mastery contributed positively and significantly to the argument essay writing skills of students. The amount of contribution is 18.4%; (2) Effective sentence mastery contribute positively and significantly to the argument essay writing skills of students. The amount of contribution is 11.7%; (3) mastery of vocabulary and mastery of effective sentences together contributed positively and significantly to the argument essay writing skills of students. The major contribution is 26.5%; (4) mastering vocabulary to effectively contribute by 16.39% against the argument essay writing skills of students; (5) Mastery effective sentence effectively contribute 13.11% against the argument essay writing skills of students. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the vocabulary and mastery of effective sentences are the two factors that influence the argument essay writing skills of students in addition to other factors. Therefore, the researchers suggest to all parties concerned to pay more attention to these two factors so that students' skills in essay writing can be further improved.
Consideraciones conceptuales de incidencia económica y de estructura jurídica del impuesto sobre las ventas en Colombia, presupuestos de sujeción, no sujeción y exoneraciones
Authors: Ortiz Dicelis Edicson Alejandro
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo contempla las consideraciones del autor destacando las características de “pluricausación” del impuesto, método adoptado en Colombia para el Impuesto sobre las Ventas y conforme al cual se realiza un análisis desde su estructura jurídica y su aplicación en perspectiva económica. Al respecto, se pone de presente el concepto de materia imponible del impuesto, para considerar luego de manera conceptual los Supuestos de No Sujeción, Gravamen bajo Tarifas General y Diferencial, Exentos y Excluidos, a su vez, en relación con estos dos últimos conceptos, se contempla un análisis de la incidencia que genera en las cadenas económicas desde los conceptos de exoneración perfecta e imperfecta. Finalmente, se recogen estas consideraciones para destacar elementos de normativa y práctica frente a la incidencia y neutralidad en cadenas de producción, inversión y consumo, destacando para su conceptualización la relación existente de servicios a bienes en dirección del consumo de bienes.
La suficiencia de la garantía global de los Usuarios Aduaneros Permanentes frente a las controversias de valor (Caso: los precios ostensiblemente bajos)
Authors: Ricaurte Trespalacios Cedrid Antonio
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo revela el estudio sobre la suficiencia de la garantía global de los Usuarios Aduaneros Permanentes utilizada en las controversias de valor para facilitar el levante de las mercancías en los casos relacionados con precios ostensiblemente bajos. Despierta interés en virtud de las disputas comerciales entre Panamá y Colombia por el establecimiento de medidas para controlar la subvaloración de las mercancías importadas del país centroamericano, y que son declaradas con precios ostensiblemente bajos al amparo de la garantía en mención; consideradas por la OMC como un obstáculo al comercio. Estudia la armonía de la normativa aduanera colombiana frente al Acuerdo del Valor, del Convenio de Kyoto Revisado y del Acuerdo de Facilitación del Comercio que sugieren el criterio de suficiencia de la garantía frente a las controversias. En este cometido, el estudio toma como referente el análisis de los derechos e impuestos generados en las controversias de valor y los determinados en el control posterior, frente al monto asegurado por la garantía global de los UAP en las importaciones procedentes de Panamá a través del puerto de Cartagena en el periodo 2010 a 2015, muestra los efectos generados por la subvaloración luego de la derogatoria de los precios estimados, indicativos y la restricción al ingreso de mercancías por algunos puertos del país; medidas que en cierta forma servían de control sobre los efectos de la subvaloración en Colombia, y que fueron derogadas por recomendación del Órgano de Solución de Diferencias de la OMC. Concluye precisando que el régimen aduanero en Colombia no está en armonía con la normativa internacional, teniendo en cuenta que la garantía prevista en los casos de controversias relacionadas con los usuarios aduaneros permanentes, se hace insuficiente frente a los derechos e impuestos en discusión y con mayor preocupación frente a los determinados en el control posterior.
Tasa y precio público: discusión acerca de las prestaciones patrimoniales públicas por la utilización de la infraestructura aeroportuaria
Authors: Obregón González Juan Manuel
Published: July 2017

Con la Constitución de 1991, en Colombia, se dio inicio a una nueva concepción del Estado, sus fines, objetivos y funciones, elevando el deber de contribuir a rango constitucional, pero no limitando a las tres categorías tributarias ya ampliamente desarrolladas por la jurisprudencia y la doctrina, la percepción de ingresos para el financiamiento del gasto público o para el cumplimiento de los fines estatales. Es así, que en el momento que la infraestructura aeroportuaria es cedida a particulares, para ser operada, administrada y modernizada, a través del instrumento jurídico de los contratos públicos de concesión, y se establece en ellos, la cesión de los ingresos regulados que el Estado percibía, lo que nos trae consigo, a la discusión actual del derecho tributario y de la hacienda pública, de determinar la naturaleza de estas prestaciones patrimoniales públicas, que se dan ocasión del uso y utilización de un bien de uso público y en virtud de un monopolio de derecho público, regulado y direccionado por el Estado, pero cedido a un particular.
Aspectos tributarios de las plataformas digitales en Colombia: actualidad y retos
Authors: Cabrera Cabrera Omar Sebastián
Published: July 2017

Los agigantados avances en las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información han labrado el terreno para el arribo de la economía digital. Esta situación lleva a señalar que es una realidad ineludible que la mayoría de las operaciones de negocios se canalizan hoy a través del comercio electrónico, donde las últimas décadas atestiguan el auge y revolución de todas las formas de las plataformas digitales. No obstante, estos nuevos modelos digitales de negocios conllevan importantes intrincaciones jurídicas. Bajo esta premisa, la tributación no ha sido ajena a estos retos venideros y, por tanto, ha visto cómo instituciones tradicionales del derecho tributario internacional, como lo son, por ejemplo, el establecimiento permanente y los precios de transferencia, han sido erosionadas y amenazadas por el advenimiento del mundo digital. Sobre el particular, se pueden ver los esfuerzos inmensurables de la OCDE a través de su plan BEPS para crear consensos internacionales sobre el tema. El presente estudio abordará las normas tributarias actuales de Colombia, tanto en tributación directa e indirecta y su efecto en la tributación de plataformas electrónicas, y propondrá algunos cambios normativos al respecto, teniendo como punto de referencia el derecho tributario comparado, doctrina e informes de organismos internacionales.
El impuesto predial en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia: análisis de los alivios fiscales para víctimas del conflicto en Antioquia
Authors: Zambrano Sánchez Julián Alberto
Published: July 2017

Teniendo en cuenta el gran número de víctimas del conflicto armado, que han perdido sus tierras a raíz del conflicto armado, el presente texto pretende realizar un inventario de las principales normas que regulan beneficios fiscales en materia de impuesto predial para estas personas en Colombia. Para ello, se toma como ejemplo el caso del departamento de Antioquia. En tal sentido, la pregunta que se quiere resolver es la siguiente, ¿cuál es el marco jurídico de la tributación para víctimas del conflicto armado en Antioquia en relación con el impuesto predial? Para dar respuesta a este interrogante, se realiza un análisis al artículo 121 de la Ley 1448 de 2011, Ley 417 de 1997 y, de manera general, a los acuerdos municipales que han regulado el tema en Antioquia.