bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creep and residual properties of cracked macro-synthetic fibre reinforced concretes
Authors: Serna Ros Pedro , Martí-Vargas José R. , Bossio María E. , Zerbino Raul
Published: July 2015

This study analysed the creep behaviour of five concretes incorporating 0·5% by volume of four macro-synthetic fibres (MSFs) and one steel fibre. After 28 d moist curing, prisms were pre-loaded up to a crack opening of 0·5 mm and held for 90 d in three different environments – ambient laboratory air, seawater at 45°C and air flow at 45°C. Sustained loads were then applied on three specimens from each group while the other prisms remained unloaded. The remaining residual capacity was evaluated by bending tests. It was concluded that the residual capacity of cracked MSF concretes is not affected by long-term loading.
Studying the Impact of Digitized Ethnographic Collections: Implications for Practitioners
Authors: Marsh Diana E. , Punzalan Ricardo L. , Leopold Robert
Published: July 2015

This paper reports salient findings of a yearlong study that aimed to understand the impacts of digitized ethnographic collections. We discuss the barriers and challenges to understanding, assessing, and communicating the impact of ethnographic digitization projects. We then discuss the implications of our findings for collection practice and development and advocate for cultivating a culture of assessment for digitization projects using the systematized collection of impact stories.
Real Indians, Last Indians: Art, Anthropology, and the Museumization of Indigenous Lives
Authors: Lessard Kerry Hawk , Deal Gregg
Published: July 2015

Historical trauma is a term used to reflect the intergenerational losses experienced by American Indians and whose effects serve to depreciate the health, wellness, and resilience of a contemporary people. One of the lesser explored of these losses is that of identity, specifically the ways in which it is constructed and communicated. Using an image from the performance art piece The Last American Indian on Earth, authors consider the role of anthropology in creating a narrative of indigenous lives that while often at odds with a people's understanding of themselves, is privileged as being far more authoritative. Exploring this contested imagery, authors engage a decolonized viewing practice to deconstruct and critique the problematic nature of museumization and its impacts on Indians and non-Indians alike.
Museums and Antiquarian Anthropology: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: McChesney Lea S.
Published: July 2015

This article traces the divergent reception of a museum catalog I co-authored at the outset of my career as a case study to explore shifting paradigms of museum practice in the 20th and 21st centuries. Reconsidering its initial condemnation as “antiquarian” on its publication becomes a means to rethink collections as heritage resources in relation to Native communities and consider how museum publications are repurposed in other arenas through ethnographic research. This new perspective draws on decades of collaboration with members of the community whose heritage the collection represents, assessing the role of mutually engaged, critical perspectives on “old” museum collections for contemporary museum practice. Using a reflexive lens, I argue that collaborative anthropology recovering historical entanglements and Native voice and agency enables museum resources to engender a post-colonial, post-antiquarian anthropology.
Walter Benjamin e a busca do presente no século XIX
Authors: Boëchat Melissa
Published: July 2015

Walter Benjamin e a busca do presente no século XIX
O pensamento da violência em Walter Benjamin e Jacques Derrida
Authors: Avelar Idelber
Published: July 2015

Este artigo examina o clássico ensaio de Walter Benjamin, Zur Kritik der Gewalt, a luz de um dos momentos importantes de sua fortuna critica, o Force de loi, de Jacques Derrida. Em primeiro lugar, questiono a associação que faz Derrida entre o ensaio de Benjamin e uma suposta “onda anti-parlamentar” no pensamento weimariano. Dai, passo a um exame da identificação feita por Derrida entre a noção benjaminiana de violência divina e o conceito de Destruktion que elaboraria Heidegger alguns anos depois. Para finalizar, tiro algumas conclusões acerca dos vínculos entre a leitura de Benjamin proposta em Force de loi e alguns postulados de outro ensaio de Derrida, "Interpretações em guerra", lido em Jerusalém, num colóquio realizado em 1988, durante a segunda Intifada, e marcado pela ausência de convidados palestinos.
Sabores do texto: em busca do tempo sensível
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Camilo
Published: July 2015

Sabores do texto: em busca do tempo sensível
Algumas Reflexões sobre W. G. Sebald à Luz de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Pereira Gerciano Maciel
Published: July 2015

O texto se constitui de três partes irmanadas pelas presenças de W. G.Sebald e Walter Benjamin. Sendo que a primeira discorre, amparada naconcepção da “onipresença do choque/trauma” de Benjamin, sobre a temática damemória e da narrativa fraturada. A segunda disserta sobre o processo deespacialização do tempo, a partir da concepção benjaminiana de História e daescrita sebaldiana. Já a terceira, investiga a questão do deslocamento traumático,da viagem e do exílio, embasada no conceito/alegoria do flâneur e do detetive.Cada parte apresenta um conceito-imagem de Walter Benjamin, combinado aexcertos do romance Os emigrantes de W. G. Sebald.
Um acontecimento na vida do pintor-viajante, de César Aira: o procedimento intempestivo
Authors: Azara Michel Mingote Ferreira
Published: July 2015

A novela Um acontecimento na vida do pintor-viajante do escritorargentino César Aira acompanha os passos do pintor Joahan Moritz Rugendasem sua viagem realizada à Argentina, na primeira metade do século XIX. Talviagem fora interrompida por um acontecimento que iria marcar a forma dopintor-viajante de representar a “paisagem natural” do país. O artigo consideraráo conceito de imagem-dialética, de Walter Benjamin, e as consideraçõesintempestivas de Friedrich Nietzsche, para realizar a leitura da obra.
O discurso histórico como maquinaria de exclusão: um diálogo entre Benjamin e Foucault
Authors: Filho Osmar Gonçalves Reis
Published: July 2015

Através de um percurso pelas filosofias de Walter Benjamin eMichel Foucault, o artigo procura fazer uma análise do discurso históricooficial, apontando os jogos de rarefação e de exclusão a que estásubmetido. Pretende-se, em outras palavras, entender os procedimentosformativos da historiografia oficial, o modo como ela se estrutura, o que dáa ver e ilumina, mas também e, principalmente, o que esconde, aquilo quenega e exclui.
A tradução como trabalho da memória e traço mnêmico
Authors: Lages Susana Kampff
Published: July 2015

O trabalho pretende realizar uma leitura do ensaio benjaminiano “Atarefa do tradutor”, buscando identificar analogias entre o trabalho (a ‘tarefa’)do tradutor e o trabalho psíquico da rememoração. Sendo mutuamentedeterminantes, tradução e rememoração são inseparáveis: todo processorememorativo implica tradução e toda tradução, ao se concretizar, exibe traçosde sua relação rememorativa com o texto original. No contexto de uma reflexãosobre as traços mnêmicos (Erinnerungsspuren), é eloquente a imagem acústicado eco, utilizada por Benjamin, que põe em cena a tradução como produto deum complexa relação entre língua do original e língua da tradução, por um lado,e entre o original e outros textos que o antecedem, por outro.
A obra de arte e sua oscilação contraditória: a aura e o rastro
Authors: Leal Izabela
Published: July 2015

No livro O que vemos, o que nos olha, Georges Didi-Hubermanretoma o conceito benjaminiano de aura para entender a dinâmica da obra dearte e sua relação com a visualidade. Para Didi-Huberman, ao contemplarmosuma obra de arte, nosso olhar é cindido por um mecanismo de aproximação eafastamento, ou seja, há algo que nos olha naquilo que vemos. Nesse sentido, aocontemplarmos um objeto artístico, nós o capturamos com o nosso olhar, masnesse mesmo ato de visão abre-se uma outra dimensão na qual nosso olhar nos édevolvido e agora é o objeto que nos captura. É interessante assinalar que Didi-Huberman constrói o seu edifício teórico associando essa dinâmica deaproximação e distância ao caráter aurático da obra de arte. A questão quepretendemos levantar aqui é se seria possível pensar que não haveria de fatouma oposição entre os conceitos benjaminianos de rastro e aura, sobretudo nessadinâmica que caracteriza a obra de arte.
Sobre os restos: Infância berlinense por volta de 1900
Authors: Sedlmayer Sabrina
Published: July 2015

Procura-se discutir, neste trabalho, o apego ao fragmentário e aoinacabado em textos que se assumem como “antiautobiografias” ou“autobiografias negativas,” e que se posicionam contra o tradicional gestode recuperação de uma vida particular através de uma narrativamemorialística linear. Tomando como ponto de partida para reflexão a obraInfância berlinense por volta de 1900, em que Benjamin dispõe de imagenstopológicas da cidade natal e de seletos objetos, - restos da memória -,problematiza-se em que medida o desenho de um sujeito histórico ecoletivo é estrategicamente afirmado nos quarenta e um fragmentos emdetrimento de uma categorização do sujeito como sinônimo deindividualidade.
A tarefa de traduzir o passado
Authors: Lopes Luciana Silviano Brandão
Published: July 2015

O presente texto tenta fazer uma conexão entre o trabalho de tradução, tal qual Walter Benjamin o vê, e o trabalho que o escritor tem ao escrever uma narrativa de testemunho, pois o intraduzível está tanto na base de uma língua a ser traduzida, como no mais íntimo de uma narrativa de testemunho.
A alegoria benjaminiana em No país das últimas coisas
Authors: Margutti Vivian Bernarders
Published: July 2015

Este estudo propõe uma interpretação alegórica do romance No país das últimas coisas de Paul Auster, a partir de seu diálogo intertextual com Hawthorne e Bunyan, e da proposta de Walter Benjamin em Origem do drama barroco alemão, obra que apresenta uma perspectiva diferenciada tanto do conceito de barroco como da noção de alegoria.
O lugar da natureza no movimento Art Nouveau
Authors: Vieira Miriam De Paiva
Published: July 2015

Partindo da hipótese de que a exploração exacerbada dos ornamentos com motivos naturais característica do art nouveau, não seria uma reversão à natureza, e sim o prenúncio de uma aversão ao tema, este artigo objetiva a investigação do papel da natureza nesse movimento em voga na virada do século XIX para o século XX, para compreender qual é seu lugar do ponto de vista estético.
O sonho do indecifrável: natureza, poesia e pensamento na obra de Luís Quintais
Authors: Ricarte Patricia Chanely Silva
Published: July 2015

Neste ensaio, analiso alguns poemas de Luís Quintais, angolano radicado em Portugal, com vistas à relação entre poesia e pensamento engendrada por imagens da natureza. Nessa obra de concepção eminentemente reflexiva, cujo viés interrogativo recai sobre a precariedade do signo poético, as imagens da natureza funcionam no sentido de colocar em xeque as convenções da linguagem, constituindo uma experiência em que se imbricam poesia e pensamento. Nesse sentido, procuro me aproximar dessas questões a partir dos seguintes recortes ou subtemas: a relação entre natureza, linguagem e (des)conhecimento; a imagem da natureza na arte; o elogio da cegueira e a oposição entre ver e pensar; a natureza e a questão da alteridade.
Na lembrança, tudo é fecundo, tudo é perigoso
Authors: Codina Graciela Deri de
Published: July 2015

O estudo consiste na análise do sentido da escrita no romance de Proust, Em busca do tempo perdido, a partir do relato sobre a vocação, incluído no enredo do romance. Apresenta a dúvida a respeito do significado da literatura no contexto da discussão sobre o realismo, o que implica na questão da memória como indispensável para entender a complexa relação entre a materialidade da vida e a obra.
Neues von Blumen / Novidades das flores
Authors: Lages Susana Kampff
Published: July 2015

.
O campo de extermínio como paradigma do poder soberano na contemporaneidade
Authors: Azevedo Estenio Ericson Botelho
Published: July 2015

Em O que resta de Auschwitz, Agamben concebe um novo patamar da experiência biopolítica, em que o estado de exceção como norma traz consigo o “muçulmano” como figura exemplar. O que caracteriza a biopolítica na contemporaneidade para Agamben é menos a oposição, no sentido clássico, entre vida nua e forma de vida, ou ainda, a indistinção entre elas, própria ao moderno. O que o campo revela é que no homem pode haver uma cisão ainda mais profunda: nesta, a vida orgânica se isola da vida animal, produzindo-se assim uma mera existência destituída de humanidade. Esta é a figura do “muçulmano”, na qual se constitui o apartamento do não-humano com relação ao humano. A partir da experiência dos campos de concentração (e extermínio), o biopoder é capaz de ultrapassar o limite da vida animal do homem ao produzir essa separação no interior da própria vida humana.
O saber e a verdade na língua: a questão da Literatura
Authors: Moraes Marcelo Jacques
Published: July 2015

Dans l'article suivant, je prétends à introduire des parametres pour une discussion sur la distinction possible, du point de vue conceptuel, entre le champ linguistique et le champ poétique. Pour atteindre ce but, je discuterai la tension constante entre les notions du Sayoir et de la Vérité à travers d'une confrontation téorique entre la linguistique et la psychanalyse à partir des concepts élaborés par Patrick Charaudeau et Jacques Lacan.
Altered States of Literature: Shamanic Assimilation and Romantic Inspiration
Authors: Santos Marcel de Lima
Published: July 2015

This article deals with the connections between the assimilation of certain shamanic practices related to Romantic inspiration in English literature. The interest in the world of altered states of consciousness as a manifestation of the sacred is typical among Romantic writers in nineteenth-century England. These writers in fact sought the manifestation of the world of dreams by means of ingesting substances that alter consciousness, thus assimilating a practice that is likewise and primarily shamanic. This search is the object under investigation in this article, which aims at showing that, despite conspicuous cultural differences, there are indeed similarities that pervade shamanic practices and the Romantic ideal in their quests toward the sacred.
Health care cost containment
Authors: Dlouhý Martin
Published: July 2015

The prime objective of health policy is to improve the health of the population. This must be done with limited resources and at costs that do not impose an unsustainable burden on the economy and its international competitiveness. This is the crucial question to answer: Is the performance of the economy sufficient to allow further development of health services? If the answer is, no', then the affordability of health care has to be maintained through cost containment. The aim of cost containment (or cost control) is to contain the escalation of health care cost in real terms, or in relative terms as opposed to economic growth. Cost containment is a response to the imbalance between the resources generated by the economy end the health system needs (thus not necessarily health needs). This imbalance proves, inter alia, by growing health care expenditures as a percentage of GDP.
Changes in governance structure of czech enterprises: 1989 - 1995
Authors: Havel Jiří
Published: July 2015

Properties rights and governance structures of the Czechs enterprises are often criticize by the Czech political opposition as well as by some foreign experts and managers. The optimistic macroeconomic results for the Czech economy (inflation, budget surpluses) are still not reflected in the present condition of enterprises. Changes in enterprises are accomplished much slower and they are much less visible in comparison to the macroeconomic miracle directed by Mr. Václav Klaus. However, one must not overlook (and avoid) the coming significant false conclusions. One must realize that substantial changes have taken place in this area. Czech managers are more competent and creative than was expect, or even hoped for. (Also market may be more powerful than projected.) Results of management's are admirable in many respects. Also real structural and technological changes are more significant than they are reflected by some critical comments of aggressive Czech reformers.
Market model of the czech capital market
Authors: Sommer Martin
Published: July 2015

Market Model is a powerful analytic tool both for market description and for the creation of investment strategies. Its ideas are generally accepted on the developed markets, but there have not been proper attempts to apply it on new Eastern European markets, especially on the Czech market. However, results from this study seem to support the hypothesis about Model's validity on Czech equities. Emerging markets often lack an adequate reaction of equity prices to the fundamental measures. Although investors correctly tend to back them up with real firm figures, every relevant price mechanism available is warmly welcomed. The Market Model compares price movements of individual stocks with the performance of the market as a whole. In its simplest and most powerful form, the Model discloses relationships among equity returns and enables the risk evaluation of each security.
Savings and investments in transitional countries
Authors: Vintrová Růžena
Published: July 2015

The final funds for restructuring differ in individual CEFTA countries very much. Hungary and Slovakia are to be found in the opposite extreme positions. Both these countries have approximately the same economic level and find themselves between the highest level of the Czech republic and the lowest level of Poland. But the rate of their domestic savings and the foreign capital inflow differs diametrically in opposite directions. Poland has also a relatively low rate of domestic savings - only 15% in 1994 and the balance of payments current account is relatively well-balanced. The Czech republic has a medium rate of domestic savings (24% of GDP in the years 1993 - 1994) since 1995 the domestic financial sources of investment are supplemented also by a significant foreign capital inflow.
Czech economy at the beginning of 1997
Authors: Janáček Kamil , Čihák Martin , Frýdmanová Marie , Holub Tomáš , Zamrazilová Eva
Published: July 2015

Czech GDP growth in 1996 failed to reach the rates expected by most domestic and foreign experts and institutions. Compared to initial forecasts which ranged between 5.0 and 5.5 %, the actual growth of real GDP fell short by roughly 1 percentage point: we expect the final GDP growth figure to be within 4.1 - 4.4 %. Private consumption and fixed investment were the main factors of GDP growth in 1996. A gap persisted between domestic supply and domestic demand; the gap tended to be relatively stable and was covered by a fast increase of imports of goods and services.
The slowdown of GDP growth was caused by several factors, prominent among them are: a sizeable slowdown of export; lack of ability to launch a more dynamic export effort; nominal appreciation of the Czech currency against both the DEM and the USD; a decelerating effect of the measures taken by the Czech National Bank in mid 1996, when monetary policy turned from neutral to restrictive.
Foreign direct investment in the czech manufacturing sector
Authors: Benáček Vladimír , Zemplinerová Alena
Published: July 2015

In the period of 1991-96 there were large volumes of foreign direct investment directed to various Czech manufacturing industries and services. Our empirical analysis has shown that enterprises of the manufacturing sector, into which the foreign capital was invested, were generally physical capital intensive and labor saving. At the same time, both capital and labor efficiencies in firms with FDI have been significantly above the domestic average. Another salient feature of the FDI enterprises is that they are very export intensive and, on the input side, they have a higher proportion of material inputs and thus relatively lower proportion of value added.
Czech republic: outlook of accession to the european union
Authors: Urban Luděk
Published: July 2015

The Czech economy is undergoing two dominant processes: on the one hand transformation process which is far from being finished, on the other hand the Czech Republic is preparing its legislation and takes other measures to be ready for accession to the EU. The process of EU accession is a relationship of two partners who are not in quite an equal position. One party, an associated country aspiring to join the EU, tries to demonstrate that it fulfills the laid down conditions of accession and that it is ready for this act.
Fiscal convergence to the countries of european union and the state burden
Authors: Benáček Vladimír
Published: July 2015

There is no doubt that the same economic regularities are effective in economies in the stage of advanced economic transformation as in traditional market economies. But the low productivity and relics of institutions from the totalitarian system make them very different. Some immature markets of these economies, e.g. labor, money, capital and real property ones, are combined with a huge burden of the non-market public sector, which is mainly borne by budgets of central and local governments. It is not true in any case that any of the former Comecon economies would suffer from an excess of market dictate . It would be worth asking a question to what extent all these economies suffer from market imperfections (e.g. absence of some markets or rent seeking) and from the fact that the government and bureaucracy are still involved in numerous non-market and regulatory responsibilities. As shown by some comparative studies, the government's economic influence significantly goes beyond the scope of their rampant state budgets.
The czech economy in the first half of the 1990s: comparison with similar european economies
Authors: Nachtigal Vladimír
Published: July 2015

The submitted research study takes as it's primary objective an attempt to assess and reveal the position of the Czech economy within Europe in the first halt of the 1990s. In pursuing this objective, comparison of the status and development trends of the Czech economy with other European economies was used as the main method of assessing and evaluating economic reality. Since the limited size of the study does not allow for extensive comparisons either with all or with the majority of European economies, it was necessary to select only those economies which have certain analogical features with the CR economy.
Convergence for european union accession: challenges for czech monetary policy
Authors: Janáčková Stanislava
Published: July 2015

If the analyses of the transmission mechanisms are not fundamentally wrong, it follows that Czech Republic shares a common feature typical for EU countries: the short-term non-neutrality of money with respect to real output. Money matters , money affects real output as well as prices. There can be significant differences, however, in the time lags, as well as in the strength of impact of monetary policy on both prices and output. Future steps of the Czech Republic toward monetary integration with the EU countries (starting with ERM 11 membership) will presuppose a further convergence of the transmission mechanism of Czech monetary policy toward the mechanism prevailing within the European Union. Such convergence can only proceed hand-in-hand with continuing transformation and restructuring of the Czech economy.
Risk reduction of households waste: contingent valuation analysis
Authors: Šauer Petr , Mildeová Stanislava
Published: July 2015

The results of this research are promising and suggest that contingent valuation is a practical way to make rough estimations of the benefits accrued from environmental policies, for reducing the risks of past environmental burdens, and for making comparisons with costs within a cost-benefit analysis. Contingent valuation provided a means of quantifying consumer preferences and values. However, an important constraint in this research is that the method (word pictures) used to present risks was quite general and lacked the specificity that would be useful to employ in future studies. A more detailed formulation would result in a more precise pricing of risks. This research examined three general categories of risk and then explored the specific case of a battery deposit-refund system. This research suggests that in the specific situation of used batteries, the benefits from reduction of risks are higher than the costs associated with introducing a deposit-refund system as perceived by households.
Transformation in a socio-economic perspective
Authors: Večerník Jiří
Published: July 2015

Transformation cannot be completed unless markets hit not only formal, but also substantive aspect of economy. It involves economic institutions (first of all private ownership), economic behavior (based on confidence and other traditional values) and economic actors (especially the middle classes). The weak ties of social relationships have their strength under transformation, be it the former nomenklatura, continuing local brotherhoods end new clans. In the surroundings of unbalanced chances and weak institution, market appears in a mutilate form and privatisation process sometimes even supports monopolies. Economic problems in the Czech Republic of 1996-1997 indicate incompleteness of the transformation in the substantive sense. Despite all barriers, the middle classes as the key collective actor appear again on the economic and political scene.
Non-stationarity and structural breaks in mineral price and supply historical series
Authors: Mainardi Stefano
Published: July 2015

Mineral commodity prices and, to a lesser extent, supply have typically experienced substantial fluctuations as well as sudden, largely unanticipated, breaks. Instability has severe consequences in term of returns on mining investment and the balance of payments of the countries concerned. Studies on commodity instability ignore non-stationarity and tend to focus on relatively short time series. Other studies, that investigate whether economic variables behave as random walks or as mean-reverting series, seldom pay attention to structural breaks, end mainly examine macroeconomic variables. Following an overview of historical and methodological issues, which have raised different interpretations, an IO-ADF model is applied to metal price end supply series. Result lend support to both views on the long-run response of these variables to major historical shocks, depending on the metal.
Regional reform in the czech republic and regional disparities in the extending european union
Authors: Turnovec František
Published: July 2015

In this paper we try to describe a state of affairs related to regional reform and Government decentralization in the Czech Republic, taking into account a future European dimension of regional policies. Regional disparities in the European Union and in the Central and East European candidate states on NUTS-2 level of European statistics are studied in context of different extension scenarios. Implications of significantly different level of regional development in the recent member states of the EU and CEE candidate states for the European Union redistribution policies after extension are discussed.
The behavioral maladjustment of the communist managerial elites (the case of the czech republic)
Authors: Cvrček Tomáš
Published: July 2015

The scarcity of educated and experienced managers and the path dependency influence the corporate governance of the post-communist enterprises. Using the standard microeconomic tools, the paper investigates the possible similarities between the old "command economy management" and the behavior of managers under the conditions of infant capitalism. It concludes that the standard microanalysis, supplemented with assumptions representing the management behavior under communism, may offer a viable theoretical explanation of management decision making as seen in the Czech Republic.
International monetary fund after the financial crises of the 1990s
Authors: Jonáš Jiří
Published: July 2015

In this article, I would first discuss briefly what we know about the causes of the recent financial crises, and whether the International Monetary Fund (IMF) could have done more to prevent them. I will explain what policy strategies the IMF recommended to resolve these crises, why it recommended these policies, and to what extent is the criticism of these recommendations justified. In the second part, I will discuss the lessons which the IMF has drawn from these crises. I will explain how the experience of recent years has changed the thinking about the proper role of the IMF in supporting stable international monetary system. I will focus on two broad areas of changes in the activity of the IMF. First, on measures that are being taken to make the repetition of financial crises less likely; second, on measures to be applied if the prevention fails and if a financial crisis strikes again.
Czech labour market flows from 1993 to 2000
Authors: Gottvald Jaromír
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates the behaviour of the labour market using labour force surveys data between 1993 and 2000. The first part of the paper is focusing on structural changes in employment in absolute and relative terms. Different groups (gender, occupations, and industries) are investigated to see major flows on the Czech labour market during the transition period. Paper concentrates on changes on the labour market by means of gross flow analysis and also on international comparison.
The central bank independence and accountability in context of accession of the czech republic to the european union
Authors: Bažantová Ilona , Loužek Marek
Published: July 2015

The paper concentrates on the economic and legal analysis of the central bank independence and accountability. The second part defines the terms
Relations between the european union and the visegrad group of eastern europe: examining the barriers to integraton
Authors: Havrilová Mária
Published: July 2015

The European Community (EC), in particular, took upon itself the role of the key external player in the political and economic restructuring programs in Eastern Europe. It successfully used a combination of aid packages and advice-giving, to frame its political and economic relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. For their part, the Eastern states, hoping for a quick path to a convertible currency and EU membership, fully embraced the free market philosophy by swallowing the bitter pill of shock therapy, mass privatization and deregulation. The Eastern Europeans have gradually come to a significant twofold realization. First, that membership is not likely to be offered any time soon. And second, that there are significant barriers to the strengthening of ties with the EU.
 The EU eventually responded to the growing pleas for membership by announcing that the special relationship between Western and Eastern Europe would be assured through association agreements pursuant to Article 235 of the Treaty of Rome. Initially, the EU did not intend to make any reference in the Europe Agreements to future membership of the Association countries.
 A major indicator in the Europe Agreements, which highlights the EU's fundamental concern over its own interests rather than assisting Eastern Europe in the transition process, are the trade provisions. In essence, these maintain significant, potentially long-term barriers to trade between the EC and the East, particularly in sensitive sectors such as steel, textiles and agriculture. A second obstacle to the Associate countries' accession are the relatively weak institutional links created by the Europe Agreements. Convergence of laws is another important condition which needs to be satisfied before membership is granted to the Eastern European applicants. The present approach excludes the Eastern Europeans from exemption from the EU's anti-dumping law; it shuts them out of most of the EU's decision making; and it limits the effectiveness of their attempts to harmonise their legislation with the EU. Taken collectively, it seems certain that these exclusions will seriously restrict the Associates' prospects of rapid integration into the EU.
 The compromise may involve complicated negotiations between member states and also with potential applicants.
Cointegration between stock market indices: the case of the slovak and czech stock price indices
Authors: Alemu Bemerew Dawit
Published: July 2015

This paper provides an empirical investigation of long-term relationship between the stock market indices of the Czech and Slovak Republic. The empirical work applies log of weekly average data on the Czech PX - 50 and the Slovak SAX from September 1995 to December 1997. Empirical investigation is conducted by means of unit root tests and the EngleGranger methodology of cointegration test. The result from the unit root tests shows that individual stock indices are nonstationary - I(1). The result from the cointegration test shows that there is no long-term relationship between the two indices, even though, the strong economic ties and policy coordination between the two republics seem to be in favor of some cointegration.
Czech enterprises: the barriers to restructuring
Authors: Myant Martin
Published: July 2015

Much of the literature on changes in Czech enterprises has been developed around a neo-classical framework with the emphasis on the effects of hard budget constraints and privatization. That, however, provides a limited view of the choices available to enterprises and of the constraints that have been imposed by a weak institutional environment, an often inappropriate policy framework and an approach to privatization that has, in a number of different ways, made subsequent rationalization and modernization more difficult. The effects on, and changes in, enterprises are analysed around experience in four different sectors; light industry, engineering and transport equipment, milk-processing and brewing. This points to the need to place more emphasis on enterprise access to financial resources for modernization and, above all, on the ability of managements to formulate coherent and appropriate long-term strategies. It also points to the desirability of a more active policy framework.
International business transformation patteerns of czech enterprises since the velvet revolution and the velvet divorce
Authors: D. Goodnow James
Published: July 2015

From a macroeconomic standpoint, the Czech Republic has been viewed as a leading example of successful transformation from a state owned to a privatized economy. Yet at the firm and industry levels, the transformation process is still in its early stages. This article focuses on the transformation of outbound international business activities of the country and offers statistical and case study evidence to support four propositions describing the transformation process to date. First, most Czech international business activity is oriented toward its European neighbors. Second, globalization is beginning in a few selected firm and industries. Third, the reliance on low price rather than other international marketing advantages limits the development of world class images of Czech export commodities. Fourth, beginning globalization efforts of Czech firms focus on emerging markets of Asia, South America and Africa and to a lesser extent on the United States but largely exclude Japan.
Industrial relations in the czech republic
Authors: Kleibl Jiří , Dvořáková Zuzana
Published: July 2015

Czech representative democracy was initiated from the top down afterNovember 1989. Citizen's associations, trade unions and Tripartite are themajor mediators and interest-representing bodies outside political parties.Trade unions are highly centralised an donly bargain and conclude collectiveagreements on behalf of employees. Union membership dropped sharply from100% of the economically active population in 1989 to 21% in 1997. Tradeunions worked in partnership with government to formulate social policy inthe years 1990-1997, most often in Tripartite. This partnership contributedto the general support of economic transformation and influenced thewillingness of people to carry the burden of privatization. However, since1997 these partners have demonstrated efforts to rely less on Tripartite.Instead, they make representations directly to Parliament and rely upon thelegal provisions on collective bargaining.
Government failure in transition process
Authors: Žák Milan
Published: July 2015

The paper deals with the problem of government failure in a market economy, with special regard to transition economies. It starts from a wider concept of social forces. It criticizes a narrowed view of transition, typical for transition scenarios, limited only to mainstream economics and not covering the latest contributions of public choice theory and institutional economics. The traditional view of government failure has been further widened with the concept of utilization of political capital.
Seigniorage and fiscal seigniorage in the czech republic
Authors: Cukrowski Jacek , Stavrev Emil
Published: July 2015

In this paper the concept of total gross seigniorage is used to analyze sources and uses of central bank seigniorage revenues in the Czech Republic during the period 1993 - 1997. A comprehensive framework for measuring total gross seigniorage and its main components is presented and estimates of seigniorage revenues (sources and uses) are computed and analyzed. The study shows that the conventional concept of monetary seigniorage should not be used as an estimate of government gains from money creation. Moreover, the analysis of the scope of budget deficit financing through money printing in the considered period in the Czech Republic shows that revenue from the creation of money has never been extensively used as a tool for financing government expenditures.
Corporate governance and residual state property (two qualitative shortcomings of privatization in transition countries)
Authors: Andreff Wladimir
Published: July 2015

The privatization in transition countries generated distorsions. Among the most dangerous distorsions are those introduced by a non legal or criminal privatization of management with the help of former or new informal networks connecting managers to the irregular economy and to some extent to the mafia. State regulation is required to control again monopoly power in privatized utilities and sectors where private stakes have won privileged position. It should be better to recognize the unavoidable role of the state in economic restructuring and use its intervention as a complementary - rather than an antagonistic - tool of the economic transition.
Disinflation, supply shocks and monetary policy
Authors: Izák Vratislav
Published: July 2015

This paper reviews the main features of the Czech macroeconomic development in the last years with the accent on disinflation and real GDP. The adjustment path of the Czech economy is clear: The decrease in nominal GDP growth has caused a deceleration of inflation on the one side and a drop of growth rates of real GDP and later even a decline in the level of real GDP on the other side. Further the econometric investigation of relations between wages and labour productivity and net inflation, producer prices and gap has been made. As the main factors influencing the disinflation in the last quarters the index of raw materials and foodstuffs has been revealed. The analysis of the impact of real exchange rate on net exports concludes the paper.
Economics of transition: the inflation multiplier
Authors: Kračun Davorin
Published: July 2015

Examining the most advanced economies in transition we meet a moderate and long lasting inflation. This paper tries to determine one of the important mechanisms of inflation connected with the price setting under those circumstances. As the recorded inflation represents one of the most important parameters of price formation, there is a certain mutual relation between the sectoral price formation and the inflation. If the sectoral price formation is formalized by a linear function, this mutual relation can be expressed as a multiplier. In this article a possibility of sectoral price formation with linear function is presented and the inflation multiplier is derived out of it. In the empirical part the linear sectoral price functions and the inflation multiplier are calculated on the case of Slovenia.
Czech economy in 2000 and 2001
Authors: Křovák Jiří , Filáček Jan
Published: July 2015

We predict that GDP will grow 1.5 % in 2000 after falling 0.2 % in 1999. Sluggish growth in 2000 will be driven by domestic demand, namely fixed investment. Interest rates set by the CNB are now in a "parking zone". The two-week repo rate remains at 5.25 %. We do not expect any significant (upward) changes during the course of this year. We expect average annual inflation (CPI) to increase to 3.8 % in 2000. Unemployment will rise to 10.8 % (at yearend) and employment will decline by 2 %. Real wages will grow by a modest 1.6 %. We predict that the trade gap will widen to CZK 85 bil. and the current account deficit will comprise some 2.4 % of GDP in 2000. The CZK against the euro will be more or less nominally stable.
Economics for everybody and a cookbook for teachers
Authors: Žák Milan
Published: July 2015

N/A
In search for a new anchor: inflation targeting in the czech republic
Authors: Jonáš Jiří
Published: July 2015

In December 1997 the Czech National Bank introduced a new framework for the conduct of monetary policy, inflation targeting. This article examines the preliminary experience with inflation targeting in the Czech Republic. In the second part, we discuss the reasons that have led the Czech National Bank to introduce this monetary policy framework. Third part describes principal operational features of inflation targeting in the Czech Republic, and discusses the specifics of inflation targeting under the conditions of an economy in transition. Fourth part reviews the conduct of monetary policy under the new regime, focusing particularly on how the new policy framework has affected central bank's decisions about interest rates. Fifth part discusses some reasons why implementation of inflation targeting during the first two years was difficult, and sixth part evaluates the experience with inflation targeting and provides some suggestions for improving the framework.
The comovements of the short interest rates in central and east european countries
Authors: Scheicher Martin
Published: July 2015

This paper analyses the short rates of emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe. We first summarize the institutional framework of money and bond markets. In the empirical section we estimate both univariate and multivariate models. We collect the statistical behavior and discuss the volatility of the series. We then analyze the evidence for the existence of comovements with a number of alternative methods. In brief our main result is that the short rates in Prague, Warsaw and Budapest do not interact with the benchmark instantaneous rate in Germany.
A new textbook of economic policy
Authors: Soukup Petr
Published: July 2015

N/A
Producing dynamic growth is the task ahead
Authors: Sachs Jeffrey
Published: July 2015

The first stage of transition in the Czech Republic is over. This country has a market economy and it is working. The second stage of transformation is the rapid catch-up with Western Europe. The main steps may be following: The first involves macro-economic policies, especially exchange rate policy. Exchange rate policy should be managed consistently to protect the competitiveness of export industries. The second item is tax policy. The government spending should be compatible with the level of development and the level of income - it should be in the order of 25 - 30 %. Pension reform. Flexible labor markets. Market access. Infrastructure. Transport, communications.
On the role and perspectives of the labour market policy in the Czech republic
Authors: Sirovátka Tomáš
Published: July 2015

A low unemployment rate, which unlike the other post-communist countries the Czech Republic has maintained, is one of the conditions for the sustainability of the economic reform. Unemployment is putting little pressure on government budget, and is not producing social unrest. The complex of economic and social factors that contributed to the Czech paradox of low unemployment has more than once been assessed. Here however, we want to concentrate on the role which active labour market policy has played, and to evaluate its prospects in the light of present and expected developments, both domestically and in Europe.
Application of an nonconventional valuation method to environmental component quality
Authors: Tošovská Eva
Published: July 2015

The main objective of this paper is to present the results of application of an unconventional valuation method to environmental component quality in the Czech Republic. I have derived resultant valuation after implementation of several steps requiring particularly: analysis of methods simulating nonexistent market valuation in the environmental sector; choice of valuation method and its substantiation; methodological preparation of field research on willingness to pay ; wider interpretation of data acquired by research.
Econometric analysis of the cr consumption function
Authors: Hušek Roman
Published: July 2015

The econometric analysis of the quarterly time series allows for the conclusion that despite a considerable fall of GDP the development of the real consumption in CR was not profiled through a great shock. The influence of the past behaviour of consumers and the reactions arising from the adaptation to the existing transformation and market conditions caused some oscillation with a modest, and later with a considerable rise. The behaviour of the typical or average consumer did not lead to the consensus with the hypothesis of proportionality in the development of consumption and income. Also the hypothesis that consumption remains at the same level, when prices rise, was not accepted. From the parameters of equation the conclusion can be made that the consumers (in accordance with the principle of the monetary illusion) increased their expenditures.