bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in Gingival Tissues
Authors: Stoecklin-Wasmer C. , Guarnieri P. , Celenti R. , Demmer R.T. , Kebschull M. , Papapanou P.N.
Published: August 2012

To gain insights into the in vivo function of miRNAs in the context of periodontitis, we examined the occurrence of miRNAs in healthy and diseased gingival tissues and validated their in silico-predicted targets through mRNA profiling using whole-genome microarrays in the same specimens. Eighty-six individuals with periodontitis contributed 198 gingival papillae: 158 ‘diseased’ (bleeding-on-probing, PD > 4 mm, and AL ≥ 3 mm) and 40 ‘healthy’ (no bleeding, PD ≤ 4 mm, and AL ≤ 2 mm). Expression of 1,205 miRNAs was assessed by microarrays, followed by selected confirmation by quantitative RT-PCR. Predicted miRNA targets were identified and tested for enrichment by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Enriched gene sets were grouped in functional categories by DAVID and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. One hundred fifty-nine miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between healthy and diseased gingiva. Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-3917) were significantly overexpressed, and 7 (hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-1260, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-miR-203, hsa-miR-210, hsa-miR-205*) were underexpressed by > 2-fold in diseased vs. healthy gingiva. GSEA and additional filtering identified 60 enriched miRNA gene sets with target genes involved in immune/inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis. This is the first study that concurrently examined miRNA and mRNA expression in gingival tissues and will inform mechanistic experimentation to dissect the role of miRNAs in periodontal tissue homeostasis and pathology.
The Rise and Fall of Worldwide Education Inequality from 1870 to 2010
Authors: Dorius Shawn F.
Published: August 2012

This research documents long-run trends in between-country education inequality and proposes a method for doing so that accounts for the ways in which most education variables differ from continuous variables such as income. Historical, national-level estimates of primary schooling enrollment rates and years of completed primary, secondary, and total schooling are used to identify several problems that arise when formal measures of inequality are used to estimate intercountry education convergence, including violation of the welfare, scale invariance, and anonymity principles. An alternate measurement strategy shows that the intercountry trend in the dispersion of education has followed an approximately normal curve over the past 140 years, but with considerable variation across measures of education. These results are in contradiction to previous education inequality studies, which have reported either monotonically rising or falling intercountry inequality.
How Much Information? East Asian and North American Cultural Products and Information Search Performance
Authors: Wang Huaitang , Masuda Takahiko , Ito Kenichi , Rashid Marghalara
Published: August 2012

Literature in cultural psychology suggests that compared with North Americans, East Asians prefer context-rich cultural products (e.g., paintings and photographs). The present article further examines the preferred amount of information in cultural products produced by East Asians and North Americans (Study 1: Society for Personality and Social Psychology conference posters; Study 2: government and university portal pages). The authors found that East Asians produced more information-rich products than did North Americans. Study 3 further examined people’s information search speed when identifying target objects on mock webpages containing large amounts of information. The results indicated that East Asians were faster than North Americans in dealing with information on mock webpages with large amounts of information. Finally, the authors found that there were cultural differences as well as similarities in functional and aesthetic preferences regarding styles of information presentation. The interplay between cultural products and skills for accommodating to the cultural products is discussed.
Cross-cultural adaption and measurement properties of the Danish version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index
Authors: Christiansen David H , Andersen Johan H , Haahr Jens Peder
Published: August 2012

Objective:

To cross-culturally adapt the Danish version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and to evaluate its measurement properties in terms of reliability and known-group validity.

Design:

Test–retest study.

Setting:

Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regional Hospital Herning, Denmark.

Subjects:

Consecutive shoulder patients referred to an outpatient clinic.

Methods:

The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index was translated from English into Danish according to international guidelines. The questionnaire was posted to patients one to two weeks before their scheduled clinical examination and repeated on the day of the examination.

Results:

A total of 65 patients with a variety of shoulder diagnoses were included in the study. No significant differences were found in scores between the first and the second questionnaire. The minimal detectable change was estimated to 19.4 points, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.94). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94. The questionnaire was found to discriminate well between currently working and non-working patients.

Conclusion:

The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index provides a sensitive and reliable tool to assess pain and disability in Danish-speaking orthopaedic shoulder patients.
No Association of Time From Surgery With Functional Deficits in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Myer Gregory D. , Martin Larry , Ford Kevin R. , Paterno Mark V. , Schmitt Laura C. , Heidt Robert S. , Colosimo Angelo , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: August 2012

Background:

Release for full activity and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is often dictated by time from surgery and subjective opinion by the medical team. Temporal guidelines for return to sport may not accurately identify impaired strength and neuromuscular control, which are associated with increased risk for second injury (contralateral and/or ipsilateral limb) after ACLR in athletes.

Hypotheses:

Athletes undergoing ACLR and returning to sport would demonstrate functional deficits that would not be associated with time from surgery.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Thirty-three male (n = 10) and female (n = 23) athletes with unilateral ACLR, who were cleared by a physician to return to their sport after surgery and rehabilitation, performed the single-legged vertical hop test for 10 seconds on a portable force plate. Matched teammates of each patient were recruited to serve as sex-, sport-, and age-matched controls (CTRL; n = 67). Maximum vertical ground-reaction force (VGRF) was measured during each single-limb landing. Single-limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated as the ratio of the involved divided by uninvolved limb, expressed as a percentage.

Results:

The single-limb vertical jump height LSI was reduced in the ACLR group, 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83%-95%), compared with the matched CTRL group, 101% (95% CI, 96%-105%; P < .01). The LSI for VGRF normalized to potential energy achieved during flight of the hop was increased in ACLR at 112% (95% CI, 106%-117%) relative to the CTRL group at 102% (95% CI, 98%-106%; P < .01). Linear regression analysis indicated that time from surgery was not associated with limb symmetry deficits in the ACLR group ( P > .05; R2 = .002-.01).

Conclusion:

Deficits in unilateral force development (vertical jump height) and absorption (normalized VGRF) persist in an athlete’s single-limb performance after ACLR and full return to sports. These symmetry deficits appear to be independent of time after reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

On the basis of these results, clinicians should consider assessment of single-limb power performance in the decision-making process for return-to-sport release. Persistent side-to-side asymmetries may increase the risk of contralateral and/or ipsilateral injury.
Municipal solid waste landfill site selection with geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process: a case study in Mahshahr County, Iran
Authors: Alavi Nadali , Goudarzi Gholamreza , Babaei Ali Akbar , Jaafarzadeh Nemat , Hosseinzadeh Mohsen
Published: August 2012

Landfill siting is a complicated process because it must combine social, environmental and technical factors. In this study, in order to consider all factors and rating criteria, a combination of geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the best sites for disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Mahshahr County, Iran. In order to the decision making for landfill siting a structural hierarchy formed and the most important criteria: surface water, sensitive ecosystems, land cover, urban and rural areas, land uses, distance to roads, slope and land type were chosen according to standards and regulations. Each criterion was evaluated by rating methods. In the next step the relative importance of criteria to each other was determined by AHP. Land suitability for landfill was evaluated by simple additive weighting method. According to the landfill suitability map, the study area classified to four categories: high, moderate, low and very low suitability areas, which represented 18.6%, 20.3%, 1.6 and 0.8% of the study area respectively. The other 58.7% of the study area was determined to be completely unsuitable for landfill. By considering the parameters, such as the required area for landfill, distance to MSW generation points, and political and management issues, and consulting with municipalities managers in the study area, six sites were chosen for site visiting. The result of field study showed that it is a supplementary, and necessary, step in finding the best candidate landfill site from land with high suitability.
Estimating the magnitude of food waste generated in South Africa
Authors: Oelofse Suzan HH , Nahman Anton
Published: August 2012

Throughout the developed world, food is treated as a disposable commodity. Between a third and half of all food produced for human consumption globally is estimated to be wasted. However, attempts to quantify the actual magnitude of food wasted globally are constrained by limited data, particularly from developing countries. This article attempts to quantify total food waste generation (including both pre-consumer food losses, as well as post-consumer food waste) in South Africa. The estimates are based on available food supply data for South Africa and on estimates of average food waste generation at each step of the food supply chain for sub-Saharan Africa. The preliminary estimate of the magnitude of food waste generation in South Africa is in the order of 9.04 million tonnes per annum. On a per capita basis, overall food waste in South Africa in 2007 is estimated at 177 kg/capita/annum and consumption waste at 7 kg/capita/annum. However, these preliminary figures should be used with caution and are subject to verification through ongoing research.
Structural Validity of the Professional Development Profile of the LoTi Digital-Age Survey
Authors: Mehta Vandhana , Hull Darrell M.
Published: August 2012

The present study was used to examine the structural construct validity of the Professional Development Profile of the LoTi Digital-Age Survey, a measure of teacher instructional practices with technology in the classroom. Teacher responses ( N = 2,840) from across the United States were used to assess factor structure of the instrument using exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Parallel analysis suggests retaining a five-factor solution compared to the MAP test that suggests retaining a three-factor solution. Both analyses (EFA and CFA) indicate a revised factor structure, also known as the Professional Development Profile, of the survey. Two hypothesized factors were composed of items that did not cover or accurately measure the content of traits purported to be assessed. Problematic items, such as items with cross-loadings, are discussed and suggestions for item retention and conceptualization of the structure of the instrument.
School-Based Practices for Asperger Syndrome
Authors: McCrimmon Adam W. , Altomare Alyssa A. , Matchullis Ryan L. , Jitlina Katia
Published: August 2012

Educators face increasing demands to provide quality education in their classrooms, particularly to students with exceptional needs. Students with Asperger syndrome (AS) represent a population experiencing significant nonacademic barriers to learning (e.g., social, emotional, and behavioural needs). However, educational policies that identify and recognize the needs of these students vary among Canadian provinces, resulting in discrepancies in service provision. Moreover, anticipated revisions to the diagnostic criteria have increased awareness of the need for improved support for students with AS within the classroom environment. This article outlines the current provincial education policies regarding support for students with AS, including identification and service delivery, and concludes with suggestions for improvement.
Assisting Students With a Traumatic Brain Injury in School Interventions
Authors: Aldrich Erin M. , Obrzut John E.
Published: August 2012

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children and adolescents can significantly affect their lives and educational needs. Deficits are often exhibited in areas such as attention, concentration, memory, executive function, emotional regulation, and behavioral functioning, but specific outcomes are not particular to any one child or adolescent with a TBI. Therefore, educators must provide specific interventions to accommodate the needs of each individual student with a TBI. This article, first, addresses the definition of TBI in the schools and provides an overview of TBI including causes, classifications, and the primary areas of head injury. Second, the article presents recommendations and suggestions for school interventions for children and adolescents with TBI.
Cholestasis, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, and Lipid Profile in Preterm Infants Receiving MCT/ω‐3–PUFA–Containing or Soybean‐Based Lipid Emulsions
Authors: Skouroliakou Maria , Konstantinou Dimitris , Agakidis Charalampos , Delikou Natalia , Koutri Katerina , Antoniadi Marina , Karagiozoglou‐Lampoudi Thomais
Published: August 2012

Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of 2 lipid emulsions (LEs), a medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT)/ω‐3–polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–containing LE and a soybean‐based LE, on the incidence of neonatal cholestasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and lipid profile of preterm infants. Patients and Methods: In this prospective, observational study, 2 groups of preterm neonates, the very low birth weight (VLBW) (n = 129) and the low birth weight (LBW) groups (n = 153), which received parenteral LEs for at least 7 days, were included. Infants received either MCT/ω‐3–PUFA–containing LE (SMOFlipid, subgroup I) or soybean‐based LE (Intralipid, subgroup II) according to the attending neonatologist's preference and availability. Full biochemical assessment was performed on days of life 15, 30, and 45 and on discharge. Results: Of the VLBW infants, 7.4% and 13.3% of infants in subgroups I and II, respectively, developed cholestasis (P = .39; odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–1.76). The duration of LE administration was independently associated with cholestasis (P < .001; OR, 0.925; 95% CI, 0.888–0.963). The maximum amounts of lipids administered ranged between 1.6 and 3.6 g/kg/d in both VLBW subgroups. The VLBW subgroup I had lower incidence of BPD, lower alkaline phosphatase and phosphate, higher high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and lower cholesterol‐to‐HDL ratio on discharge than the VLBW subgroup II. The type of LE was independently associated with BPD and alkaline phosphatase. In the LBW group, the type of LE was not associated with clinical and biochemical parameters. Conclusion: In VLBW infants, the MCT/ω‐3–PUFA–containing LE administration is associated with decreased BPD and more favorable lipoprotein profile. Although a trend toward a lower incidence of cholestasis was observed, a preventive effect of MCT/ω‐3–PUFA–containing LE on parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis is not supported.
Doing Scene
Authors: Glass Pepper G.
Published: August 2012

Recently, scholars have analyzed phenomena like punk, hip-hop, and rave as “scenes,” networks of individuals who converge in local, translocal, and virtual spaces. While researchers conceptualize scenes as collectively produced entities, they have not closely explored the micro-processes by which they develop, as well as how those processes affect participants. In this article, I ask how members “do scene” by coming together to construct these settings. Drawing on ethnographic research on a punk scene in a small college town, I argue that members produce a scene through the establishment, transformation, and management of scene space. The construction of space in turn shaped the identities of participants, including differing levels of power among them. This case further underscores the interactional and context-specific groundings of scenes, scene space, and the identities of participants.
Theoretical consideration of experimental data of thermal and magnetic properties of polymer-bonded soft magnetic composites
Authors: Kirchberg S , Anhalt M , Ziegmann G
Published: August 2012

Spherical iron silicon (FeSi) particles and irregular shaped magnetite (Fe3O4) particles with particle sizes ≤146 μm and varying volume filler fractions up to x = 0.7 (70 vol%) were mixed with polypropylene (PP) matrix. The samples were prepared by kneading and injection moulding and show particle–particle interaction at elevated filler fraction of x ≥ 0.5. Thermal and magnetic properties of the composites were characterized and show a significant increase at filler fractions of x ≥ 0.3. The thermal conductivity of PP (0.176 W/(m K)) was increased up to seven times to 1.239 W/(m K) at x = 0.7. FeSi-filled composites show slightly higher values of thermal conductivity than Fe3O4-filled composites. The magnetic permeability of the composites rise from 1 for PP to a maximum value of 23.1 for PP/FeSi composites at x = 0.7. The nonlinear increase in the thermal conductivity corresponds with the lower boundary of the Hashin–Shtrikman model. The Bruggeman model can be applied to describe the nonlinear increase in the magnetic permeability. Magnetic permeability increases with mean particle diameter as well as magnetic coercivity and loss dissipation increases with inverse mean particle diameter.
Effect of rubberwood and palm oil content on the properties of wood–polyvinyl chloride composites
Authors: Ratanawilai Thanate , Lekanukit Panuk , Urapantamas Songpol
Published: August 2012

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) have been proposed as an alternative to natural wood due to their physical and mechanical properties. Development of these composites from natural fibers is receiving widespread attention partly because of growing environmental awareness. To dispose of produced waste from industry, low-value fiber resources could be converted into high-value products. This research studies the combination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to rubberwood (RBW) fiber, to palm oil trunk fiber, and to palm oil shell (POS) fiber. Composite performance optimization, material option comparison, basic engineering performance improvement, and durability of WPCs have been investigated. A two-stage process consisting of compounding and forming to produce WPCs using 40%–60% natural fiber reinforcements was carried out. Physical and mechanical properties of the WPCs were studied. The results showed that WPCs consisting of 60% RBW fiber and 40% PVC yielded the highest modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, which are approximately 90,130 MPa and 433 MPa, respectively. The ultimate compressive strength with a value of approximately 316 MPa was achieved from 60% POS fiber and 40% PVC. Reinforcing 40% POS fiber in 60% PVC exhibited the lowest water absorption rate. The overall result indicates an improvement of engineering performance, making better use of industrial wastes and indirectly assists environmental conservation endeavor along the process.
Non-traditional dual earners in Norway: when does she work at least as much as he?
Authors: Kitterød Ragni Hege , Rønsen Marit
Published: August 2012

An equal division of paid and unpaid work in couples is a central political ambition in many countries. Utilizing a survey from 2007, this article finds that many Norwegian women perform approximately as much paid work as their partner. Still, few work more than their partners and about half work less than them. Domestic commitments as well as the partners’ labour market resources affect women’s allocation of paid work, but the highly gender-segregated labour market also plays an important role. When the woman works most, her spouse often has health problems, is unemployed or retired. In dual-earner couples women with longer hours than their partner are often well educated, self-employed, managers, have no young children or a partner in the public sector. Women with young children or health restrictions often work less than their partner, as do those with a partner who is self-employed, holds a managerial position or a private-sector job.
Individual employment rights and the renewal of economic citizenship: lessons from the Rights Commissioners in Ireland
Authors: Hann Deborah , Teague Paul
Published: August 2012

Using a large-scale data set, this article considers the role and growing importance of the Rights Commissioners in Ireland. The Rights Commissioners’ service, which has no parallel in any other anglophone industrial relations system, provides an informal and accessible method for the resolution of disputes and the vindication of employment rights. In recent years, the number of cases handled by the Rights Commissioners has grown hugely. A close examination of the cases handled by the service suggests that the Rights Commissioners allow vulnerable workers to pursue cases of alleged breaches of employment rights. The service is seen as holding lessons for other economies in terms of developing a model of economic citizenship that has as a dimension the enforcement of employment rights.
Housework conflict and divorce: a multi-level analysis
Authors: Ruppanner Leah
Published: August 2012

Macro-level measures of divorce have important consequences on individual-level housework dynamics. Previous research has focused on the relationship between access to divorce at the country level and divisions of housework at the individual level. The article extends this literature by investigating the relationship between individual-level housework conflict and country-level measures of divorce and women’s bargaining power. Using European Social Survey data (n = 18,560), it tests the multi-level relationship between individual-level housework conflict and country-level rates of the following four measures: marriage, divorce, full-time female labour force participation and the female-male wage gap. The multi-level results demonstrate that both men and women report more housework conflict in countries with higher rates of women’s full-time labour force participation and divorce, and women report less conflict in countries with higher rates of marriage.
Experimental investigation of metal organic frameworks characteristics for water adsorption chillers
Authors: Rezk A , Al-Dadah R , Mahmoud S , Elsayed A
Published: August 2012

Adsorption cooling is a promising technology that can effectively utilise waste heat from many industrial processes for refrigeration and air conditioning. The choice of the adsorbent in this technology is vital to produce efficient and compact systems. Metal organic frameworks are new microporous materials with exceptionally high porosity and large surface area that can be used as adsorbents. This article experimentally investigates the characteristics of seven metal organic frameworks in terms of water adsorptivity compared to silica gel RD-2060. The adsorption characteristics were determined using an advanced gravimetric dynamic vapour sorption test facility. Results revealed that HKUST-1produced the highest water adsorption uptake with up to 95.7% increase compared to silica gel RD-2060 but showed deterioration in water adsorptivity with time. Throughout the temperature range tested, Fe-BTC has shown little hysteresis and produced up to 26.8% higher maximum water uptake value than silica gel RD-2060. These results highlight the potential of using certain metal organic frameworks materials to improve the efficiency of adsorption cooling systems; however, the thermal instability of some metal organic frameworks remains an issue that needs to be resolved.
A reduced basis approach for rapid and reliable computation of structural linear elasticity problems using mixed interpolation of tensorial components element
Authors: Lei F , Ma YL , Bai YC , Yang HB
Published: August 2012

As the reduced basis method is well used in some other fields to rapidly solve engineer systems, it is adapted to structural computation here. In this article, a reduced basis approach of computing structural linear elasticity problems is proposed to obtain rapid and reliable outputs using mixed interpolation of tensorial components elements. The procedure is as follows. First, structural computation problems based on finite element formulation should be parametrized. As an example, finite element formulation based on a type of element is analyzed and parameters in the formulation are extracted explicitly. Parametrized structural problem is built by assembling finite element formulation of components with parameters. Then, an approximate subspace of lower dimension based on structural outputs within whole parameter domain is constructed by an adaptive procedure. By projecting the parametrized structural problem onto that subspace, it is reduced to a parametrized lower dimension problem, which can be solved rapidly with random given parameters. The procedure is divided into two phases, naming offline and online procedure. Structures in vehicle design problems are employed to verify the feasibility of the procedure and deviation of the accuracy. The results showed that reduced basis approach of structural computation is applicable and efficient.
Lightweight design for an aircraft reinforcing frame based on structural bionics
Authors: Xing Denghai , Chen Wuyi , Xing Dengjiang , Li Zhiguo
Published: August 2012

Lightweight design is urgently required in many fields, especially in aeronautics and astronautics, but conventional design methods cannot always meet the requirement. However, natural organisms have developed many types of structures with excellent properties, and they can provide many new design ideas. To improve the design of an aircraft reinforcing frame, structural characteristics of peltate venation and root architecture were investigated first, and several distribution rules were obtained. Then, relevant models for design of the frame were developed and analyzed in order to extract mechanical rules for their application in the design. Finally, based on these mechanical rules, lightweight design for the frame was accomplished. Comparison between the bionic and conventional frames shows that the total weight is reduced by about 6.0%, under the same requirement of stiffness and strength in both two load conditions.
Explaining contributions to public goods: Formalizing the social exchange heuristic
Authors: Dijkstra Jacob
Published: August 2012

The public good game is a popular model of cooperation problems. Rational egoism predicts that in finitely repeated public good games no contributions are made. At least 4 observations are inconsistent with this prediction: contributions (i) are frequently positive, (ii) increase in the marginal rate of return of the public good, (iii) increase in the expected contributions of others, and (iv) decrease as the public good game is repeated. I build a rational choice model that explains these observations, extending and formalizing the social exchange heuristic. The model does not assume a specific utility function. I assume that total utility is a strictly increasing function of monetary and social utility, and then show that concave utility functions and a positive cross-partial derivate of total utility to monetary and social utility are sufficient conditions to arrive at a model compatible with the 4 observations. Directions for future (experimental) research are discussed.
Concealing to reveal: The informational role of Islamic dress
Authors: Patel David S.
Published: August 2012

After the resurgence of headscarves throughout the Muslim world, some women adopted ‘more fundamentalist’ clothing styles, such as full-face veils, or began pietistic social movements. What explains this escalation and increasing diversity of Islamic dress and behavior? This paper analyzes how the spread of headscarves and Islamic dress since the 1970s undermined it as a signal of piety, which is a valuable yet hidden characteristic in many social interactions. As less pious women adopted the headscarf for myriad reasons, pious women adopted increasingly conservative dress and behavior to credibly signal their piety to uninformed observers and improve their marriage prospects. The spread of ‘fundamentalist’ behaviors does not necessarily imply a societal shift in piety, ideology, or support for political Islamists.
On the determinants of honesty perceptions in the United States
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian
Published: August 2012

This paper explores the determinants of perceptions of the honesty of most people across 48 US states and three periods. The results show support for the detrimental effects of income inequality but no or little support for a set of popular alternative theories from the related literature on social trust. The decline in honesty perceptions in recent decades is found to have been a consequence of increasing social polarization and the natural decline of the most trusting age cohorts. Residual honesty has increased since the 1970s, giving rise to markedly different policy implications than those forwarded in most studies in the trust literature.
Case Report: Manual Lymphatic Drainage and Kinesio Taping in the Secondary Malignant Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema in an Arm With Arteriovenous (A-V) Fistula for Hemodialysis
Authors: Chou Ya-Hui , Li Shu-Hua , Liao Su-Fen , Tang Hao-Wei
Published: August 2012

Lymphedema is a dreaded complication of breast cancer treatment. The standard care for lymphedema is complex decongestive physiotherapy, which includes manual lymphatic drainage (MLD), short stretch bandaging, exercise, and skin care. The Kinesio Taping could help to improve lymphatic uptake. We reported a patient with unilateral secondary malignant breast cancer-related lymphedema and arteriovenous (A-V) fistula for hemodialysis happened in the same arm, and used kinesio taping, MLD, and exercise to treat this patient because no pressure could be applied to the A-V fistula. The 12-session therapy created an excellent effect. We do not think the kinesio taping could replace short stretch bandaging, but it could be another choice for contraindicating pressure therapy patients, and we should pay attention to wounds induced by kinesio tape.
On the physical interpretation of the M-integral in nonlinear elastic defect mechanics
Authors: Li Q , Hu YF , Chen YH
Published: August 2012

Several properties of the M-integral are clarified within the context of nonlinear elastic defect mechanics. A material damage expansion force vector associated with the integrand of the M-integral is derived by divergence vector operation of the Lagrangian energy density moment. It is concluded that the components of damage expansion force vector are indentified as the change of potential energy due to the self-similar expansion of one infinitesimal material element along the x1 or x2 direction. Subsequently, the physical interpretation of the M-integral over the contour enclosing all defects is explored in nonlinear elasticity containing multiple defects by an explicit analysis. The explicit analysis reveals that the M-integral is inherently related to the change of the total potential energy during the formation of defects from the initial non-damaged system in addition to the nonlinear strain energy within the area enclosed by integration contour.
Reactive Attachment Disorder in Adopted and Foster Care Children
Authors: Stinehart Michelle A. , Scott David A. , Barfield Hannah G.
Published: August 2012

A disruption in the initial attachment formed between an infant and a primary caregiver often leads to some type of disordered or disorganized attachment. While research has been conducted on the etiology, symptoms, and effective forms of therapy regarding this disorder, much definitive information remains unknown or unclear. With the increasing use of foster care in America and the frequency of adoption, it is becoming obvious that more attention is needed in the area of how to best appropriately approach a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder. This article will discuss current trends and implications for mental health professionals working in the field of foster care and adoption settings.
Helping Foster and Adopted Children to Grieve the Loss of Birthparents
Authors: Fineran Kerrie R.
Published: August 2012

Working with children and adolescents in the foster care system whose biological parents’ parental rights have been, or are soon to be, terminated can present numerous challenges for counselors. Children in these situations often struggle with identification of conflicting feelings, grief resulting from the absence of the parent/parents, and reorientation to life in a new family. In this article, a case from the author’s clinical experience is presented and related to the stages of grief suggested by Kübler-Ross and to Worden’s tasks of mourning. Practical applications and interventions are considered.
Computerized Assessment of Pedophilic Sexual Interest Through Self-Report and Viewing Time
Authors: Mokros Andreas , Gebhard Michael , Heinz Volker , Marschall Roland W. , Nitschke Joachim , Glasgow David V. , Gress Carmen L. Z. , Laws D. Richard
Published: August 2012

Affinity is a computerized assessment tool that combines viewing time and self-report measures of sexual interest. The present study was designed to assess the diagnostic properties of Affinity with respect to sexual interest in prepubescent children. Reliability of both self-report and viewing time components was estimated to be high. The group profile of a sample of pedophilic adult male child molesters ( n = 42, all of whom admitted their offenses) differed from the group profiles of male community controls ( n = 95) and male nonsexual offenders ( n = 27), respectively. More specifically, both ratings and viewing times for images showing small children or prejuvenile children were significantly higher within the child molester sample than in either of the other two groups, attesting to the validity of the measures. Overall classification accuracy, however, was mediocre: A multivariate classification routine yielded 50% sensitivity for child molester status at the cost of 13% false positives. The implications for forensic use of Affinity are discussed.
Reversing the {Im}material Sense of a Nonplace
Authors: Devlieger Patrick , Strickfaden Megan
Published: August 2012

This article explores the Brussels metro as a nonplace and considers the impact of blindness on nonplace. In discussing the {im}materiality of the metro, this article focuses on the experience of metro-time as “waiting and anticipation” and metro-space as “alone-together.” Along with this, the notion of a dialogue with blindness is introduced into this nonplace. We explore the relation between metro and blindness as dialogue: the meeting and aversion of two actors in the particular context of the Brussels metro. In this, the authors identify how the investment of particular agents makes the metro space more malleable. Two strategies are used, one considers the different world in which blind people live and experience spatial environments, thus suggesting the invasion of “another world” into a nonplace. The second strategy considers embodiment and performance, and how contextual features afford new representations and pathways through and into a nonplace. At the core of this work is an argument that illustrates how the dialogue between blindness and public space can reverse the quality of the {im}material sense of a nonplace. The ethnographic work that serves as the background for this article is twofold. First, observation of daily travel on the metro brings an understanding of the general characteristics of the metro system, which includes human interaction/s and performance. Second, through observation and documentation of a group of disability advocates, educators, designers, and planners worked together to create a more accessible metro system for people who are blind and visually impaired. Finally, it is argued that fundamentally, a dialogue with disability reverses the {im}material sense of a nonplace. The potential of blindness in reversing the metro’s nonplace qualities stems from the articulation of a sensory vulnerability in a time where vision has achieved a dominant position. Blindness-as-vulnerability is a significant agent for intra-action in the Brussels metro system, making it a safer environment, a more tactile environment, and one where information is added for the benefit of a particular group and also extending to all people.
Can Tactile Tiles Create Accessible Urban Spaces?
Authors: Dischinger Marta , Jackson Filho José Marçal
Published: August 2012

In this article, the authors examine relations between citizenship, spatial accessibility, place appropriation, and territorial production that arise from the insertion in urban public spaces of new material objects—tactile tiles—employed to improve the orientation of visually impaired citizens in the city of Florianópolis in Brazil. The authors start by describing the materiality of tactile tiles, their functions, and physical attributes and how they can communicate useful spatial information through new signs and codes to support a safer orientation when visual information is lacking. Territory production, materiality, and appropriation of space are addressed based on the existence of the legal mandatory application of accessibility laws, public service attributions, local spatial configurations, and potential different user interpretations. These questions are illustrated by the multiple immaterial questions that arise from these new objects’ local applications. Finally, the authors discuss the role of urban planning in the construction of inclusive urban spaces.
How moral arguments influence economic decisions and organizational legitimacy—the case of offshoring production
Authors: Schröder Martin
Published: August 2012

How do moral arguments influence economic decisions? This study reconstructs five discussions about offshoring production to low-cost countries to understand how moral arguments attack the legitimacy of economic strategies. From these case studies about offshoring, I derive three mechanisms by which moral arguments influence economic decisions. Firstly, moral arguments appeal to values, influencing what their addressee defines as economically rational. Secondly, denouncing management decisions as immoral can deprive managers of valuable social capital and legitimacy within their company, thereby exerting economic pressure. Thirdly, depicting management decisions as immoral can destroy a company’s public legitimacy, further exerting economic pressure. Apart from highlighting the social mechanisms underlying moral influence, this article also shows the limits of influence-seeking through moral arguments. It contributes to the existing literature on legitimacy and economic decision-making, especially with regard to offshoring. The article concludes by developing insights about how moral arguments and interest-seeking interact in capitalism based on the empirical material.
Language attrition as a complex, non-linear development
Authors: Schmid Monika S. , Köpke Barbara , de Bot Kees
Published: August 2012

The present paper will present an overview of the state of the art in language attrition research, attempting to provide an integrated picture of the attrition process in the light of Dynamic Systems Theory. Recent findings suggest that a fully developed L1 system is a powerful attractor state, as defined by Dynamic Systems Theory. Once this state has been attained, L2 influence or activation problems may cause small temporary shifts to the overall system, but it will generally settle back to its original state. Such a view could explain the dramatic differences observed between the L1 knowledge of pre- and post-puberty migrants. While speakers who have attained school age, but not puberty, will generally be able to use most grammatical features of their L1 in a target-like way, this knowledge may not yet have ‘settled’ into the mature attractor state, and therefore remain vulnerable to attrition.
Taking you back: Region, industry and technologies of living history at Beamish
Authors: Trimm Ryan S
Published: August 2012

Many critics have linked the rise of heritage with a loss of primary manufacturing, an association particularly resonant for industrial living history museums such as Beamish. In the context of pastoral heritage representations, the museum develops competing modernizing and industrial strains in English identity. Through its incorporation of industry, Beamish cuts against the suggestion that people and culture organically spring from native soil. Framing itself as ethnographic, the museum supposes a gap between the culture presented and those of its visitors. Yet this presentation inscribes comforting accounts of class and modernity. Through living history museum techniques, Beamish appeals for its visitors to identify with the represented past so as to suggest more firmly a gulf between present and industrial past. As a result, Beamish is less concerned with presenting the past then shoring up a notion of the present as advanced stage of modernity.
How we used moral imagination to address ethical and methodological complexities while conducting research with girls in school against the odds in Kenya
Authors: Kiragu Susan , Warrington Molly
Published: August 2012

This article presents a reflection on the ethical and methodological complexities experienced when conducting research in schools in Kajiado district, Kenya, which sought to understand why some girls were in school in spite of the socio-cultural and economic problems they faced. Three complexities are discussed (positionality and power between the teachers, girls and researchers, confidentiality of girls’ information, and researchers personal involvement and advocacy). A framework of moral imagination is used to deconstruct the process of moral and ethical decision-making that took place in response to these complexities. This involves the researcher taking a position that strives, not simply to ‘do no harm’, but to go one step further and to ‘do good’, within a context of social justice. The article is drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study on girls ‘against the odds’. In the pilot study reported here, four primary schools were involved and interviews were carried out with 24 girls, alongside observations of the surrounding environment and informal conversations with eight teachers.
Yoruba proverbs as cultural metaphor for understanding management in the Caribbean
Authors: Bernard April , Fernandez Adonis Diaz
Published: August 2012

The demands of this globalized world require multi-cultural expertise to facilitate social, political, and economic affairs. This article examines the use of cultural metaphor as a means to enhance cross-cultural understanding and argues that processes to enhance cultural knowledge or awareness should consist of strategies that build upon the use of proverbs as metaphor. This analysis begins with a brief discussion of what is cultural metaphor and relates this concept to models used to build cross-cultural competence. The aim is to help construct a conceptual framework to understand how cultural metaphor can be used in management practice to build cultural understanding. In conclusion, the practical application of strategies to enhance cultural knowledge and leadership for doing business in the Caribbean and globally will be discussed.
Two Distinct Concepts: Party Competition in Government and Electoral Competition in the American States
Authors: Shufeldt Gregory , Flavin Patrick
Published: August 2012

American state politics scholars have generally relied on Ranney's measure of the partisan composition of state legislatures and governors' offices to evaluate competition between parties for control of state government, and Holbrook and Van Dunk's measure of the competitiveness of individual state legislative elections to evaluate the degree of electoral competition in a state. Both measure “competition” and were previously correlated with one another, so researchers might be tempted to consider them two measures of the same concept. This would be mistaken, however, because they are measuring two distinct concepts. We use new data on state legislative partisan balance and election returns to compute (and make publicly available) the two measures of competition from 1970 to 2003, a time span that is significantly longer than any previous study. We show that the relationship between the two measures has drastically changed over the last 30 years. Although the two measures were positively correlated in the 1970s and 1980s, they are now (as we might expect, given they are different concepts) negatively correlated. We investigate one possible explanation for this change and conclude by discussing a set of practical recommendations for scholars who plan to incorporate a measure of competition in future studies.
The Growth of Third-Party Voting: An Empirical Case Study of Vermont, 1840–55
Authors: Chamberlain Adam
Published: August 2012

This article seeks to uncover reasons behind the relatively high levels of third-party voting found at the state level in the early- to mid-1800s. I argue that third parties needed to develop localized bases of support from which they could expand. By analyzing Liberty Party gubernatorial voting in Vermont during the 1840s, the article shows that the party developed support in particular towns, maintained this over election cycles, and spread the party message to neighboring towns after the creation of a formal party organization. I also find that towns with strong Liberty Party support in the early 1840s continued to be strong supporters of the Free Soil Party in the 1850s. I then present evidence that early bases of Liberty Party support tended to vote at much higher levels for the Republican Party in 1855, indicating that the geographic development of an abolitionist party in the early 1840s helped in the establishment of Republican success in Vermont. These findings highlight the importance of geographic context in the development of third-party voting in the early- to mid-1800s and its connection to the rise of the Republican Party.
Local Legislative Professionalism
Authors: Grissom Jason A. , Harrington James R.
Published: August 2012

Although research on professionalism in state legislatures has been substantial, professionalism research has ignored legislative bodies in local government, such as city councils and school boards. Using detailed school district-level data and an original survey of school board members in 210 school districts in California, we develop measures of professionalism in the local government context. We then use these measures to examine which characteristics of school districts are associated with greater professionalization. Consistent with findings in the state politics literature, we find that districts with greater resources and more heterogeneous environments exhibit higher degrees of professionalism than other districts.