bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production Process Analysis to Reduce Defective Products through the Application of Pareto Diagram and The Eight Disciplines Problem Solving Method
Authors: Widodo Dian Setiya , Wahyudi Pongky Lubas
Published: January 2025

Quality control involves efforts to uphold and enhance product quality in order to align with the specifications established by customers. Employing a combination of the Pareto diagram and the 8D (Eight Disciplines Problem Solving) method represents a robust approach to systematic problem-solving, particularly in manufacturing and quality settings. These two methods can be used together to identify the root causes of problems and then implement effective solutions. This study aims to analyze quality improvement efforts in the production of fiber drum paper as an eco-friendly packaging, focusing on dent defects in the upper body area of the drum, which were found in the crushing and curling process at PT. X. The findings indicated that there were still several defects in the current production process, with the most significant defects occurring in fiber drum paper products. where the dent defect in the upper body area of the drum reached 2%. After improvements were made using the Pareto diagram, Fishbone diagram and the eight disciplines problem-solving method, the dent defect in the upper body area of the drum was successfully reduced to 0.8%, meeting the set improvement targets.
Health and Inequality in Under-Five Mortality Rates: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis in South America (2000-2020)
Authors: Bietti Federico , Bietti Lucas M
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the connection between health and inequality variables, and under-five infant mortality rates in ten South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, and Uruguay). For this purpose, we conducted a longitudinal multilevel model where the dependent variable was Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR). To address the health factors and inequalities in the study of U5MR, we selected the following indicators: (i) -a- immunization coverage for diphtheria and -b- immunization coverage for measles in children under 1 year old, (ii) prevalence levels of anemia in women of childbearing age, (iii) undernourishment levels in the population, (iv) the percentage of urban population, and (v) the ratio between per capita health expenditure and GDP per capita. We obtained the indicators from three data sources: The World Bank, the World Health Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The selected variables were measured over 21 time-steps (2000-2020) for the ten South American countries. We compared three hierarchical linear models, finding that the model incorporating time as a predictor provided the best fit for explaining mortality. This model suggests that factors like increased undernourishment and anemia are associated with higher infant mortality, while a higher urban population correlates with lower mortality, alongside a general global decline over time.
The Epistemic Cost of Opacity: Why Medical Doctors Do Not Know when They Rely on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fijten Rianne , Schmidt Eva , Putora Paul Martin
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligent (AI) systems used in medicine are often very reliable and accurate, but at the price of their being increasingly opaque. This raises the question whether a system’s opacity undermines the ability of medical doctors to acquire knowledge on the basis of its outputs. We investigate this question by focusing on a case in which a patient’s risk of recur-ring breast cancer is predicted by an opaque AI system. We argue that, given the system’s opacity, as well as the possibility of malfunctioning AI systems, practitioners’ inability to check the correctness of their outputs, and the high stakes of such cases, the knowledge of medical practitioners is indeed undermined. They are lucky to form true beliefs based on the AI systems’ outputs, and knowledge is incompatible with luck. We supplement this claim with a specific version of the Safety condition on knowledge to account for how knowledge is un-dermined by opacity. We argue that, relative to the perspective of the medical doctor in our example case, his relevant beliefs could easily be false, and this despite his evidence that the AI system functions reliably. Assuming that Safety is necessary for knowledge, the practition-er therefore doesn’t know. We address two objections to our proposal before turning to prac-tical suggestions for improving the epistemic situation of medical doctors.
Science Correction as a Communication Problem: Insights from Four Theoretical Lenses
Authors: Roßmann Maximilian
Published: January 2025

This article examines problems of scientific error correction through a pluralist framework that integrates four communication theories: information transfer, rhetoric, speech act theory, and discourse theory. By juxtaposing these perspectives, the study identifies systemic and communicative blind spots. From an information transfer approach, failures in effectively disseminating retractions and ambiguous reporting practices highlight gaps in the transmission of scientific knowledge. A rhetorical lens exposes how calling on reputation can serve as an enabler, motivator, and barrier to correction. Speech act theory underscores the performative nature of corrections, revealing how their success depends on institutional recognition, established conventions, and cultural community efforts. Discourse theory situates these challenges and some of their responses within broader systems of power and control, exposing how the commodification of academic publishing, economic pressures, entrenched hierarchies, and metrics-driven incentives perpetuate systemic inequities and discourage accountability. Together, these perspectives reveal how isolated solutions often overlook the complexities of communication and structural barriers, while their integration offers a deeper understanding of how scientific errors persist. By addressing blind spots and integrating insights, this framework contributes to the search and reflection of actionable strategies to scientific error correction, making it a valuable guide for researchers, editors, and students alike.
Individual Differences in Navigation Skill: Towards Reliable and Valid Measures
Authors: Lader Jacob , Nguyen Kim V , Newcombe Nora
Published: January 2025

Even though successful navigation is vital for survival, individuals vary widely in their navigation skills. Researchers have examined the correlates of such variation using a wide variety of paradigms. However, we know little about the relation among the paradigms used, and their validity for real-world behaviors. In this study, we assessed 94 young adult participants’ encoding of environmental features in one real-world and two virtual environments (or paradigms), using a within-subjects design. Each paradigm involved building a map from memory and pointing to the location of objects while standing at different locations in the environment. Two of the paradigms also used a route efficiency task in which participants aimed to take the shortest possible path to a target object. Factor analysis showed unique variance in individual’s performance associated with each paradigm, as well as cross-factor relations. Mental rotation and perspective taking tasks correlated with navigation performance differently for different paradigms. The data suggest that (1) virtual measures correlate with real-world ones, (2) the specific tasks used (pointing, map building, shortest route finding) are less important than the paradigm, and (3) there is common variance (i.e., shared individual differences) across paradigms. However, there is also unique paradigm-specific variation. Future research should use multiple paradigms to achieve reliable assessments, ideally with shorter tasks for each.
Correlates of vocal tract evolution in late Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins
Authors: Ekström Axel G. , Gärdenfors Peter , Snyder William Daniel , Friedrichs Daniel , McCarthy Robert C. , Tsapos Melina , Tennie Claudio , Strait David S. , Edlund Jens , Moran Steven
Published: January 2025

Despite decades of research, the field of language evolution lacks a cohesive integrative account capable of explicating linguistic evolution throughout the history of modern humans. We review paleoanthropological and archaeological findings in search of a timeline for the emergence of modern human articulatory morphological features. Our synthesis shows that several behavioral innovations coincide with morphological changes to the would-be speech articulators. We find that significant reductions of the mandible and masticatory muscles and vocal tract anatomy coincide in the hominin fossil record with the incorporation of processed and (ultimately) cooked food, the appearance and development of rudimentary stone tools, increases in brain size, and likely changes to social life and organization. Many changes are likely mutually reinforcing; for example, gracilization of the hominin mandible may have been maintainable in the lineage because food processing had already been outsourced to the hands and stone tools, reducing selection pressures for robust mandibles in the process. We highlight correlates of the evolution of craniofacial and vocal tract features in the hominin lineage and outline a timeline by which our ancestors became ‘pre-adapted’ for the evolution of fully modern human speech.
The consequences of preparing for informative or distracting stimuli
Authors: Shoval Roy , Makovski Tal
Published: January 2025

How do individuals prepare for impending distractors? It has been recently suggested that not only observers do not inhibit distractors before their appearance, but they are rather more alert at those moments. Interestingly, a similar effect emerged when observers prepared for task-relevant, informative stimuli, supporting a mandatory "attend-all" mechanism. However, the preparation effect was only demonstrated in speeded dot-probe tasks, and it is yet to be determined whether preparing for distractors merely facilitates motor preparation or extends to other outcomes, such as modifying early visual processes. In two experiments, we replaced the dot-probe task with a four-letter memory encoding task. Participants performed a change detection task that included Informative-display, Distractors-display, and No-display blocks. These displays appeared during the retention interval of the change-detection task. To probe attention, in 25% of the trials, four letters were displayed at the exact moment in which the Informative/Distractors display was expected, and participants were required to remember as many letters as possible. As expected, the performance in the change-detection task was best at the Informative- and worst at the Distractors-display condition. Importantly, participants recalled more letters when they appeared during the anticipation for both informative and distracting stimuli, and no meaningful difference was observed between these conditions. These findings suggest that the preparation effect extends beyond motor preparation, influencing visual processes at an early stage. They also support the notion that the preparation effect is not very flexible, yet further research is required to confirm this conclusion.
Modelling the impact of lower speed limits on residential streets for cyclist level of traffic stress and car travel time in Greater Melbourne
Authors: Jafari Afshin , Pemberton Steve , Tiwari Sapan , Saghapour Tayebeh , Chand Nikhil , Zapata-Diomedi Belen , Giles-Corti Billie
Published: January 2025

Reducing speed limits to create safer, lower-stress environments for cyclists is a widely proposed policy but often faces resistance due to concerns about increased travel times. This study evaluates these concerns by assessing Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) under existing speed limits (base scenario) and the effects of reducing residential street speed limits to 40 km/h and 30 km/h (alternative scenarios) on cycling and car travel time.LTS is a widely used measure of cycling stress, categorizing road segments from LTS-1 (least stressful) to LTS-4 (most stressful). We assigned LTS values to all road segments in Greater Melbourne based on cycling infrastructure, road hierarchy, traffic volume, and speed limits from OpenStreetMap. Trips from a government travel survey were then routed through the network to estimate exposure to different LTS levels under base and alternative scenarios. Additionally, a mode choice model was developed to examine the impact of LTS exposure on cycling likelihood. Finally, an agent-based transport model was used to evaluate car travel time impacts.Results showed significant reductions in high-LTS exposure with lower speed limits. Under the base case, 27.9% of routes were on LTS-1 roads and at 30 km/h, this increased to 63.3%. Mode choice analysis confirmed a strong negative correlation between cycling likelihood and high-LTS exposure. Car travel time impacts were minimal, even for trips largely on residential streets the average was only one minute.These findings suggest that reducing speed limits on residential streets can substantially improve cycling conditions with negligible effects on motorized traffic.
A Mixture IRT Model for Handling Different Types of Careless Respondents
Authors: Uglanova Irina , Nagy Gabriel , Ulitzsch Esther
Published: January 2025

Careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER) in self-report questionnaires occurs when responses are given without attention being paid to the item content. In this study, we provide a mixture item response theory (IRT) model that efficiently accommodates various C/IER types and can be easily implemented in standard IRT software. In an extensive simulation study, we evaluated the conditions that might facilitate the separation of respondents who exhibit and respondents who do not exhibit C/IER. The results indicate that, for all investigated patterns of C/IER, the suggested model performs well when scales comprise 10 or more items, include items that clearly differ from each other in their category thresholds (high item heterogeneity), and combine positively and negatively worded items. Empirical support for interpreting the latent class variable as assessing C/IER was obtained by reanalyzing a publicly available Big Five inventory data set. The model-based identification of C/IER was closely aligned with results from attention check items; the mixture IRT model was more sensitive to differences in the prevalence of C/IER across assessment platforms than the attention check items were.
The varying perceptions of a statistician’s value, from “critical” to “not needed for 99.9% of applications”: A national study of human research ethics committees
Authors: Barnett Adrian , White Nicole , Collyer Taya
Published: January 2025

Currently, much health and medical research is wasted due to inappropriate study design oranalysis. Study designs could be improved using an expert review from a qualified statistician.The ethical review process is an ideal stage for this input; however, we do not know how manyethics committees in Australia have access to a qualified statistician. To answer this question, weapproached all human research ethics committees in Australia.Sixty percent of committees had access to a qualified statistician, either as a full committeemember or as a non-member who could be consulted when needed, but this dropped to 35% afteraccounting for statistical qualifications. Many committees rely on “highly numerate” researchersin place of qualified statisticians, as they viewed research experience and advanced statisticaltraining as equivalent. Committees without access to statisticians tended to locate responsibilityfor study design with other parties, including researchers, trial sponsors, and institutions. Somecommittee chairs viewed formal statistical input as essential to the work of the committee;however, there was also a common belief that statistical review was only applicable to somestudy designs, and that “simple” or “small” studies did not need review. We encountered asurprising variance in practice and attitudes towards the use of statisticians on research ethicscommittees. The current high number of research studies receiving approval without statisticalreview risks approving studies that will in the best-case waste resources and in the worst-casecause harms due to flawed evidence.
Mediale Trigger. Emotionen und Argumente in deutschen Pressekommentaren
Authors: Heide Julian
Published: January 2025

Das Konzept der Triggerpunkte von Mau et al. (2023) beleuchtet, an welchen neuralgischen Stellen im öffentlichen Diskurs besonders konfrontative Haltungen auftauchen. Im Anschluss daran nimmt dieser Artikel Printmedien in den Blick und fragt, welche Emotionen die Kommentarspalten deutscher Zeitungen dominieren und welche Typen von Triggerpunkten in ideologisch unterschiedlich positionierten Medien auftauchen. Empirisch kombiniert der Artikel Transformer-basierte Emotionsanalyse mit qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. In den Meinungsstücken deutscher Qualitätszeitungen ist der Ärger die verbreitetste politische Emotion. Während in der ideologisch links orientierten Presse vor allem Ungleichbehandlungen triggern, dominiert in konservativen Zeitungen der Normalitätsverstoß als wichtigster Triggertyp. In Klimafragen stehen Entgrenzungsbefürchtungen um die Handlungsspielräume von Klimaschutz im Mittelpunkt. Das Triggerpotential in emotionalen Zeitungsartikeln entfaltet vor allem durch die Nutzung starker Metaphern und stilisierter Sozialfiguren seine Wirkung.
Removal of Cd (II) and Zn (II) ions from Aqueous Solutions using Carbonized and Functionalized Persea americana Root Stem Powder
Authors: Ekere Nwachukwu Romanus , Chukwu Chioma Sarah , Mbaeze Blessing Chidiebere , Ihedioha Janefrances Ngozi
Published: January 2025

The ability of carbonized and modified avocado (Persea americana) root stem powder (C-PA and M-PA) to remediate Cadmium (Cd (II)) and Zinc (Zn (II)) contamination in aqueous solution was studied by varying the carbonization temperature, particle size of the adsorbent, adsorption temperature, pH of the solution, contact time, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were employed in characterizing both the C-PA and the M-PA. The removal efficiency of up to 86.9 and 90.8 was observed respectively for Cd (II) and Zn (II) at the optimal conditions. Florry-Huggins, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Freundlich models were utilized in explaining the equilibrium isotherm of the sorption, and Florry-Huggins best described Zn (R2 = 0.999) while Cd was best described by Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.997). The kinetics of the sorption process were assessed and pseudo-first order was the best fit in describing Cd (II) uptake (R2 = 0.965), while Zn (II) was best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.928). The thermodynamic variables revealed an endothermic sorption process for both adsorbates, with a reduction in spontaneity on temperature increase for Zn (II) while the reverse was observed for Cd (II). A single-stage adsorption experiment was performed using the optimal batch adsorption parameters and the result showed an increase in removal efficiency of up to 99.3 and 97.9 for Cd (II) and Zn (II) respectively.
Comparing Perceptual Judgments in Large Multimodal Models and Humans
Authors: Dickson Billy , Maini Sahaj Singh , Nosofsky Robert , Tiganj Zoran
Published: January 2025

Cognitive scientists commonly collect participants' judgments regarding perceptual characteristics of stimuli to develop and evaluate models of attention, memory, learning, and decision-making. For instance, to model human responses in tasks of category learning and item recognition, researchers often collect perceptual judgments of images to embed the images in multidimensional feature spaces. This process is time-consuming and costly. Recent advancements in Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) provide a potential alternative because such models can respond to prompts that include both text and images and could potentially replace human participants. To test whether the available LMMs can indeed be useful for this purpose, we evaluated their judgments on a dataset consisting of rock images that has been widely used by cognitive scientists. The dataset includes human perceptual judgments along ten dimensions considered important for classifying rock images. Among the LMMs that we investigated, GPT4o exhibited the strongest positive correlation with human responses and demonstrated promising alignment with the mean ratings from human participants, particularly for elementary dimensions such as lightness, chromaticity, shininess and fine/coarse-grain texture. However, its correlations with human ratings were lower for more abstract and rock-specific emergent dimensions such as organization and pegmatitic structure. Although there is room for further improvement, the model already appears to be approaching the level of consensus observed across human groups for the perceptual features examined here. Our study provides a benchmark for evaluating future LMMs on human perceptual judgment data.
Disentangling sex differences in PTSD risk factors: a systematic overview and multiple mediation analysis in the AURORA study
Authors: Haering Stephanie , Seligowski Antonia V. , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Michopoulos Vasiliki , House Stacey L. , Beaudoin Francesca , An Xinming , Neylan Thomas C. , Clifford Gari D. , Germine Laura T. , Rauch Scott L. , Haran John P. , Storrow Alan B. , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher W. , Punches Brittany E. , Swor Robert A. , Gentile Nina T. , Hudak Lauren A. , Pascual Jose L. , Seamon Mark S. , Pearson Claire , Peak David A. , Merchant Roland C. , Domeier Robert M. , Rathlev Niels K. , O'Neil Brian J. , Sanchez Leon D. , Bruce Steven E. , Harte Steven E. , McLean Samuel A. , Kessler Ronald C , Koenen Karestan C. , Powers Abigail , Stevens Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Despite extensive of research on sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here we present a systematic overview of three sex-related risk pathways. We assessed 16 risk factors as well as 3-month PTSD severity in a prospective cohort (n=2924) of acutely traumatized individuals and investigated potential mediators in the pathway between sex and PTSD severity using multiple mediation analysis with regularization. Six risk factors were more prevalent/severe in women, and none was more pronounced in men. Analyses showed that acute stress disorder, neuroticism, lifetime sexual assault exposure, anxiety sensitivity, and pre-trauma anxiety symptoms fully mediated and uniquely contributed to the relationship between sex and PTSD severity. Our results demonstrate different risk mechanisms for women and men. Such knowledge can inform targeted interventions. Our systematic approach to differential risk pathways can be transferred to other mental disorders to guide sex-sensitive mental health research.
Averages are not value-neutral: How ethical theories inform well-being aggregation
Authors: Panasiuk Sofia L , McCanny Anthony , Cheung Felix
Published: January 2025

As governments and institutions embrace well-being as a policy outcome, aggregating well-being in a population has become commonplace. The default method used to aggregate population well-being is taking the arithmetic mean (average). However, the default of using average well-being as a key performance indicator, while useful, can omit morally relevant information, like the extent of suffering and inequality. Based on a 0-10 point scale of life satisfaction, we examine three alternative methods of well-being aggregation grounded in the ethical theories of: prioritarianism (a weighted average that weighs lower scores heavier), sufficientarianism (the proportion of respondents answering below a ‘suffering’ threshold), and egalitarianism (the degree of inequality) and compare them to the average. Using the Gallup World Poll’s nationally representative data from over 1 million participants in 144 countries from 2019 to 2022, we found that the distribution of life satisfaction deviated significantly from a normal distribution in all countries, suggesting that using the mean and standard deviation cannot adequately capture the full distribution. After reranking countries according to alternative aggregation methods, we find that 17% of the time countries ranked using the Gini coefficient deviate by at least 20 ranks from the default average rankings. Finally, we observed that 27% of the time, increases in average well-being at the country level are accompanied by a rising gap between the top 90th and bottom 10th life satisfaction percentile. Our findings show the limitation in using the average and offer alternatives that are aligned with promoting equitable well-being growth.
Separate and unequal options: Neighborhood educational access in the era of school choice
Authors: Rich Peter , Sprague Christian
Published: January 2025

The market theory motivating school choice policy presumes that empowering families with greater enrollment flexibility will make access to educational opportunity less dependent on residential location and, ultimately, more equitable. This perspective downplays how much families are constrained by the options they can practically access as well as their tendencies to prioritize racial composition over quality. Using administrative student records from Michigan—where school choice is widespread—we ground market optimism in social reality. Our discrete choice model and counterfactual decomposition reveals that where families live and the school options accessible to them account for 83% of Black-White school segregation and 94% of the Black-White gap in peer academic environment. By parsing how much neighborhood educational access and family enrollment decisions each contribute to these macro-level outcomes, this study reveals the continued salience of residential segregation underpinning public schools and clarifies why the proposed benefit of market empowerment rings hollow.
Planting the Seed: Learning From Co-Constructing Program Theory Within an Urban Indigenous Context
Authors:   White Owl Native Ancestry Association,   Wisahkotewinowak Collective, Peach Laura , Skinner Kelly , Neufeld Hannah Tait
Published: January 2025

This evaluation work is grounded in the Northern Door: Be on a Good Journey, where the authors share their process for cultivating a place-based program theory for urban Indigenous land-based initiatives in the Waterloo Region, Ontario. This process was an essential first step to an ongoing evaluation project assessing the implementation and early outcomes of two programs for Indigenous children and youth. The authors embarked on this journey recognizing the need for relevant, place-based understandings of context that honour the philosophical and theoretical differences of Indigenous communities compared to Western knowledge. Drawing on guidance in both evaluation theory and Indigenous scholarship, four iterative sharing circles with key Indigenous community members were held to discuss the following thematic topics: program aims, activities, assessment needs, and initial theory assembly. Little published literature that describes culturally responsive program theory development is available. Necessarily, the authors are using this opportunity to develop, implement, and reflect on an urban Indigenous theory-development process.
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukaemia and Retinal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Denis Solomons Hilary
Published: January 2025

Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia is characterised by megakaryoblasts. These patients often present with retinal vein thrombosis! It is associated by 30% or more blasts in the marrow.
Summary of Postoperative Diverticulitis and Outcomes
Authors: Hsu Angel
Published: January 2025

While diverticulitis is a common disease in the field of general surgery, much less is known about immediate postoperative diverticulitis. This paper summarizes the case reports of postoperative diverticulitis with particular attention paid to the type of surgeries the patients had prior and the treatment outcomes for their diverticulitis. Most of the cases of postoperative diverticulitis occurred after either renal transplantation or cardiac surgery. Compared to the general patient population, postoperative diverticulitis resulted in more operative treatment. There are several theories regarding the etiology of postoperative diverticulitis including certain drugs that are commonly used in the postoperative setting and physiologic changes in the body after surgeries.
Assessing the Learning Approach to Basic Sciences among Undergraduate Students of Optometry in Munawar Memorial Hospital & College of Optometry by using Bigg’s Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire
Authors: Shahid Rizwana
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To assess the learning approaches of undergraduate optometry students with respect to different subjects of basic sciences.

Results: Annual scores of 2 group of BSc Optometry students in basic sciences were almost equal. However, group of students with Anatomy and Physiology scores studied by opting deep and surface learning approach comparatively more than those of Pathology and Biochemistry group with statistically significant difference (P =0.0001).

Conclusion: Group of students with Anatomy and Physiology scores were involved in deep learning of their subjects.
Role Of Mechanical Toothbrush as An Innovative Tool for Wound Bed Preparation of Non-Healing Ulcer After Graft Loss
Authors: Chittoria Ravi Kumar
Published: January 2025

Surgical debridement is regarded as the gold standard in the management of chronic or non-healing wounds, as it facilitates the promotion of healthy granulation tissue by removing necrotic tissue and foreign debris.1 This process not only reduces the bacterial burden but also enables the potential for tissue culturing, should microbiological analysis be warranted. Surgical excision is typically performed using specialized instruments such as the Weck/Goulian knife or Blair knife, which have long been established as primary tools for this procedure.2 Debriding anatomically challenging areas—such as the inter-web spaces of the hands and feet, delicate regions like the face and dorsum of the hands, or edematous tissues resulting from fluid resuscitation—necessitates a precise and careful approach to prevent damage to viable tissue. We report an innovative and novel technique of using a mechanical toothbrush in aiding surgical wound debridement of a non-healing ulcer after graft loss.
Estrategias de resiliencia para el afrontamiento de las perturbaciones del turismo comunitario en Puno, Perú
Authors: Huatuco Soto Guicela Iris , Robles Pastor Blanca Flor
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El objetivo fue describir las estrategias de resiliencia desarrolladas por las familias de las comunidades que realizan turismo comunitario para superar las perturbaciones que éste genera. Metodología: Fue una investigación cualitativa y participaron 111 familias que ofrecen turismo en las comunidades campesinas de Llachon y Ccotos, Puno –Perú-. Resultados: Algunas estrategias de resiliencia fueron: capacitación permanente sobre reciclaje y buenas prácticas ambientales para contribuir a la conservación de flora y fauna silvestre. Asimismo, la capacitación básica en: atención al cliente, marketing, idiomas y finanzas para afrontar los emprendimientos independientes. También la creación de diversos servicios especializados para el turismo comunitario y finalmente el acceso a microcréditos y acuerdos comerciales con agencias de viaje. Discusión: Las estrategias de resiliencia constituyen un motor poderoso para afrontar dificultades que se presentan en la actividad turística comunitaria. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de resiliencia que utilizaron las familias se consolidaron a través del tiempo, producto de una permanente capacitación por parte de organismos privados y públicos, mediante transferencia de conocimiento práctico a través de asistencias técnicas y pasantías de algunos miembros de las comunidades.
Сучасні методичні підходи до проведення уроків фізичної культури з використанням вправ зі спортивних ігор у початковій школі
Authors: Вознюк Тетяна
Published: January 2025

Topicality. Today, in Ukraine, the impact on the physical and mental state of children of negative factors related to armed aggression by the Russian Federation and the deterioration of social life conditions in this connection has significantly increased. Modern challenges require updating methodical approaches to conducting physical education lessons with younger schoolchildren. The purpose of the study is to determine and experimentally verify the effectiveness of applying new methodological approaches to conducting physical education lessons in primary school using exercises from sports games based on the game-based learning method. Research material and methods. The research was organized and conducted in 2024 for 5 weeks in secondary education institutions of the city of Vinnytsia during physical education lessons in primary school. A total of 720 4th-grade students were involved, divided into experimental and control groups. The research used the following methods: sociological, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results. Surveys of primary school teachers and physical education teachers made it possible to determine the changes that occurred in children of primary school age under the influence of military operations taking place on the territory of our country: an increased level of anxiety in children, excessive crying; fear of loud sounds, sharp signals; the desire to be alone or, conversely, the need for support and attention from the teacher and classmates. We have developed basic methodical techniques for conducting physical education lessons with younger schoolchildren using basketball exercises, taking into account the age norms and psychological characteristics of children. Conclusions. The implementation of sports and game teaching technology in the person-oriented learning process in elementary school made it possible to create conditions of psychological comfort and a developmental environment for improving readiness indicators and getting satisfaction from physical education lessons.
CHOLINE CHLORIDE DERIVATIVE-BASED NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT AS NOVEL GREEN SOLVENT TO EXTRACT COMPONENTS FROM Spilanthes acmella STEM
Authors: Widarsih R. Wiwi , Maimulyanti Askal , Prihadi Anton Restu , Nurhidayati Isna , Mellisani Bella , Puspita Fitria , Rachmawati Putri Fajar Amelia
Published: January 2025

Conventional organic solvents, commonly used for extracting natural compounds, are toxic and pose risks to human health. To address this limitation, green solvent, using natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), has been developed as an environmentally friendly alternative. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of green solvent NADES with choline chloride and fructose as base materials for extracting active compounds from Spilanthes acmella stems. The results of extract analysis conducted through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) successfully identified 17 active compounds. These compounds included citric acid, sangivamycin, (E)-ferulic acid, methylmalonic acid, lypcosamine, N-acetyl-L-glutaric acid, 6 Hydroxypiconilic acid, pivagabine, and traumatic acid. The extracted active compounds showed pharmacological effects that could be used for pharmaceutical product development.
ANODIZING PROCESS FOR ENHANCING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ALUMINIUM ANODES IN 1M NaOH ALKALINE SOLUTION
Authors: Ahuja Deepti , Srivastava Sandeep , K. Varshney Pradeep , Srivastava Shailendra
Published: January 2025

Corrosion electrochemical behaviour of aluminium anodes coated with various coating processes, such as nickel electroplating, nickel and copper electroplating, zinc flake coating, and anodizing, in 1M NaOH alkaline solution were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in Aluminium air batteries. The impedance spectra of the four coating samples of aluminium anode during immersion in alkaline solution were analysed and their surface morphology was studied using SEM. The findings from the experiments showed that the Ni-Cu plated aluminium anode sample had the highest protection characteristics in the four coating samples in 1M NaOH alkaline solution. Ni-Cu plated aluminium shows outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, is more uncomplicated and efficient, and increases the mechanical strength of the aluminium alloy sample in an alkaline solution for an aluminium air battery.
Книга схимонаха Илариона (Домрачёва) «На горах Кавказа» и начало имяславия
Authors: Солодов Николай
Published: January 2025

В статье проводится содержательный анализ книги схимонаха Илариона (Домрачёва) «На горах Кавказа», выделяются основные предпосылки формулировок его учения об имени Божием: высказывания святых отцов и духовных писателей, параллелизм с Евхаристи­ей, психологический оттенок его богословия. На основании выявленных цитат из сочи­нений академических богословов: прот. Ф. А. Голубинского, В. Д. Кудрявцева-Платонова, архим. Феофана (Авсенёва) делается вывод об особом интересе автора к вопросам бого- словски-психологического характера, связанными с учением немецких философов Ф. Яко­би, Г. Шуберта и Ф. Шеллинга. Рассмотрен вопрос возвышенной авторской самопрезен- тации, послужившей начальным импульсом для начала имяславческих споров на Афоне.

The article provides analysis of the content of the book of schemamonk Hilarion (Domrachev) «On the Mountains of the Caucasus», the main prerequisites of the formula­tions of his teaching on the name of God are highlighted: the statements of some holy fathers and spiritual writers, parallelism with the Eucharist, the psychological shade of his theolo­gy. Based on the identified quotations from the writings of academic theologians: archpriest F. A. Golubinsky, V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov, archimandrite Theophan (Avsenev), the con­clusion is drawn about the author’s special interest in issues of a theological and psycholog­ical nature related to the teachings of the German philosophers F. Jacobi, G. Schubert and F. Schelling. The question of the sublime author’s self-presentation, which served as the ini­tial impulse for the beginning of the onomatodoxy disputes on Mount Athos, is considere.
Н. В. Гоголь и Псалтирь. Завещание писателя
Authors: Виноградов Игорь Алексеевич
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена изучению молитвенного опыта Гоголя и того влияния, которое оказы­вал этот опыт на литературное творчество писателя, на создание целого ряда произведе­ний и художественных образов. Исследованы три неопубликованных автографа Гоголя с выписками из Псалтири на греческом, латинском, славянском и русском языках. Один из автографов предназначался для А. О. Смирновой; Гоголь советовал ей учить псалмы наизусть. Два других автографа связаны со стремлением Гоголя к углублённому изучению священной поэзии. Наибольший объём составляют выписки, сделанные Гоголем по но­вому переводу Псалтири Преосвященного Амвросия (Зертис-Каменского), архиепископа Московского. Перевод выполнен владыкой в 1770 г. и имел хождение в списках; впервые был напечатан только в 1878 г. Определяется глубокое заинтересованное внимание Гоголя к содержанию Псалтири, частое обращение к псалмам в молитве, в том числе при поми­новении усопших. Подчёркивается, что, наряду с традиционным отношением к Псалтири как к главной книге молитвенного общения, Гоголь-художник относился к псалмам особен­ным образом. Устанавливается прямая связь между его размышлениями над Книгой про­рока Давида и представлениями о будущем русской поэзии, изложенными в частных пись­мах Гоголя к другу — поэту Н. М. Языкову 1844 г. и в двух адресованных ему в том же году эпистолярных статьях, которые были опубликованы в «Выбранных местах из переписки с друзьями» под общим названием «Предметы для лирического поэта в нынешнее время».

The article is devoted to the study of Gogol’s prayer experience and the influence that this experience had on the writer’s literary creativity, the creation of a number of works and artistic images. Three unpublished autographs of Gogol with extracts from the Psalter in Greek, Latin, Slavic and Russian were examined. One of the autographs was intended for A. O. Smirnova; Gogol advised her to learn the psalms by heart. Two other autographs are asso­ciated with Gogol’s desire for an in-depth study of sacred poetry. The largest volume consists of extracts made by Gogol based on the new translation of the Psalter by His Grace Ambrose (Zertis-Kamensky), archbishop of Moscow. The translation was completed by the bishop in 1770 and was circulated in copies; was first published only in 1878. Gogol’s deep and interest­ed attention to the content of the Psalter is determined, and he often turns to the psalms in prayer, including when commemorating the dead. It is emphasized that, along with the tradi­tional attitude towards the Psalms as the main book of prayerful communication, Gogol as an artist treated the psalms in a special way. A direct connection is established between his re­flections on the book of St. the prophet David and ideas about the future of Russian poetry, set out in Gogol’s private letters to his friend — poet N. M. Yazykov in 1844 and in two epistolary articles addressed to him in the same year, published in «Selected Passages from Correspon­dence with Friends» under the general title «Subjects for the Lyric Poet in the Present Time».
Внезапная и предугаданная смерть в творчестве И. С. Шмелёва
Authors: Макаров Денис Владимирович
Published: January 2025

Основная цель исследования — продолжить изучение проблемы смерти в творчестве И. С. Шмелёва, в частности выявить авторское понимание внезапной и предугадан­ной смерти. В работе применяются сравнительно-исторический метод и метод фило­логического анализа. Анализируются художественные произведения И. С. Шмелёва, в которых встречается тема смерти: в частности, романы «История любовная», «Няня из Москвы», «Лето Господне», повести «Богомолье», «Росстани» и другие. Особенности изображения внезапной и предугаданной смерти рассматриваются в творчестве И. С. Шмелёва в сопоставлении с произведениями И. С. Тургенева и др. писателей, затраги­вающих аналогичную проблематику. Наиболее важные результаты исследования: вне­запная смерть постигает преимущественно грешников, а предугаданная или предска­занная смерть — удел праведников. Отличие И. С. Шмелёва от И. С. Тургенева и других в том, что первый сам имеет те же христианские убеждения, что и его герои, и сознатель­но выстраивает сюжет произведений (и место в нём факта смерти) по известному ему христианскому закону, а вторые относятся к своим героям и их вере как к эстетическо­му явлению, достойному восхищения (И. С. Тургенев), либо подражания (Л. Н. Толстой), но в обоих случаях убеждения героев внутренне чужды авторам. Статья продолжает рас­смотрение темы смерти в творчестве И. С. Шмелёва, начатую в предыдущих работах.

The main goal of the study is to continue studying the problem of death in the works of I. S. Shmelev, in particular, to identify the author’s understanding of sudden and predicted death. The work uses the comparative historical method and the method of philological analy­sis. To achieve this goal, the literary works of I. S. Shmelev are analyzed, in which the theme of death is encountered, in particular, the novels «Love Story», «Nanny from Moscow», «Summer of the Lord», the stories «Pilgrim», «Rosstani» and others. Features of the depiction of sudden and predicted death are considered in the works of I. S. Shmelev in comparison with the works of I. A. Turgenev and L. N. Tolstoy, touching on similar issues. The most important results of the study: sudden death — for the most part — befalls sinners, and death predicted or predicted in advance is the lot of the righteous. The difference between Shmelev, on the one hand, and Tolstoy, together with Turgenev, on the other, is that the former himself has the same Christian beliefs as his heroes, and consciously builds the plot of his works (and the place of the fact of death in it) according to what is known to him Christian law, and the latter treat their heroes and their faith as an aesthetic phenomenon worthy of admiration (Turgenev) or imitation (Tolstoy), but in both cases the beliefs of the heroes are internally alien to the authors. The article continues the consideration of the theme of death in the works of I. S. Shmelev, begun in previous works.
Методики измерения религиозности и перспективы их применения для анализа эффективности катехизических программ Русской Православной Церкви
Authors: Полевой Павел
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуется методология, с помощью которой измеряется воцерковлённость православного христианина. Рассматриваются перспективы применения указанной методики для оценки эффективности катехизических программ. Представлен обзор психологических и социологических методов психометрического тестирования, ко­торые позволяют исследовать религиозность, духовность и воцерковлённость. Затро­нут вопрос терминологии и понятийного аппарата. На основе святоотеческой антро­пологии и в соответствии с целями программ катехизации сформулированы общие требования к методикам измерения воцерковлённости. С точки зрения обозначен­ных критериев осуществлён критический анализ методик «Шкала центрированности религиозности» С. Хубера, «В-индекс» В. Чесноковой и «Эталон жизнедеятельности» М. Я. Дворецкой. Отмечены как положительные аспекты этих методик, так и недостат­ки, которые препятствуют их использованию для оценки уровня воцерковлённости. Однако существующие методики могут быть органично включены в новую многомер­ную систему измерения воцерковлённости, которая в перспективе будет разработана.

The paper deals with the problem of methodology of measuring churchliness in Ortho­dox Christians. The prospect of using such a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of cat­echetical programmes is considered. An overview of psychometric testing methods used to study religiosity, spirituality and churchliness in psychology and sociology is presented. The issue of terminology and conceptual framework of such studies is discussed. Based on patristic anthro­pology and in accordance with the goals of catechetical programs, general requirements for the methodology of measuring churchliness are formulated. These criteria are then applied to critical analysis of three methodologies, namely the «Centrality of Religiosity Scale» by S. Huber, «V-In- dex» by V. Chesnokova, and «Life Activity Benchmark» by M. Y. Dvoretskaya. Positive aspects of these methods are noted, as well as shortcomings that prevent their use for assessing the degree of churchliness. The prospect of developing a new multi-parameter system for measuring the degree of churchliness is outlined, which can incorporate adapted versions of existing methods.