bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rejuvenating the hope of a swampland consistent inflated multiverse with tachyonic inflation in the high-energy RS-II braneworld
Authors: Trivedi Oem
Published: October 2022

The swampland conjectures from string theory have had some really interesting implications on cosmology, in particular on inflationary models. Some models of inflation have been shown to be incompatible with these criteria while some have been shown to be severely fine-tuned, with most of these problems arising in single field inflationary models in a General relativistic cosmology. Recent works have although optimistically shown that single field models in more general cosmologies can be consistent with these conjectures and hence there is an optimism that not all such models lie in the swampland. However, a paradigm of inflation which has been shown to not be perfectly okay with the conjectures is eternal inflation. So in this work, we discuss tachyonic inflation in the high-energy RS-II Braneworld scenario in the context of the swampland conjectures while also considering the possibility of swampland consistent eternal inflation. We show that our concerned regime evades all the prominent swampland issues for single field inflation being virtually unscathed. After this, we show that the main conflicts of eternal inflation with the swampland can easily be resolved in the considered tachyonic scenario and in particular, we also discuss the exciting prospect of a Generalized Uncertainty Principle facilitating the notion of Swampland consistent eternal inflation. Our work as a whole reignites the possibility that there can be a swampland (and possibly, quantum gravitationally) consistent picture of a “Multiverse”.
Application of the Riemann–Hilbert approach to the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy
Authors: Li Jian , Xia Tiecheng
Published: October 2022

In our paper, we mainly study the [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) hierarchy. From the spectral problem of the DNLS hierarchy, the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem is constructed. Based on the scattering relationship and solving the Riemann–Hilbert problem, the [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions for the DNLS are given explicitly.
MORPHOLOGICAL MEASURES OF SCAPULA IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION USING CT
Authors: Jaseemudheen M. M. , Dkhar Winniecia , Sharma Dolly
Published: October 2022

Introduction: An immense knowledge about the shape of the glenoid cavity is necessary for TSA. This study aims to evaluate the dimension of the glenoid cavity and to compare the morphological measures of scapula between genders.

Materials and methods: A total of 32 males and 32 females were selected for the shoulder scan and the measurements were taken in 2D axial plane and 3D reconstructed images. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 21.0. [Formula: see text] 0.05 was taken as significant.

Result: Out of five diameters that we considered in this study, the superior–inferior (SI) mean glenoid diameter is 33.09 ± 3.82 mm. The anterior–posterior average glenoid diameters AP1, AP2, AP3 and AP4 are 15.08 ± 3.03 mm, 18.12 ± 3.26 mm, 21.03 ± 2.41 mm, 22.1 ± 2.54 mm, respectively, in total population. Six angles were considered, the Axis of glenoid, Axis of scapula, Axis of humeral head, axis of the glenoid neck, Resch angle and version of glenoid, measured 132.51[Formula: see text]± 5.46[Formula: see text], 43.03[Formula: see text]± 5.04[Formula: see text], 132.44[Formula: see text]± 5.04[Formula: see text], 58.48[Formula: see text]± 6.42[Formula: see text], 72.92[Formula: see text]± 4.79[Formula: see text], − 5.21[Formula: see text]± 1.45[Formula: see text], respectively, for the total population. The specific cut-off points for SI, AP1, AP2, AP3 and AP4 are 35, 15.35, 18.1, 21.55 and 22.65, respectively.

Conclusion: The morphological measures such as Axis of glenoid, Axis of humeral head, Resch angle and Axis of scapula show that there exists a statistically significant difference between two genders. Hence, these four measures have a vital role in gender identification of an unknown scapula. All the diameters in this study have got specific cut-off points and it will be most useful to discriminate the gender from an unknown scapula.
Some perpetual integral functionals of the three-dimensional Bessel process
Authors: Tsuzuki Yukihiro
Published: October 2022

We compute the Laplace transforms of some integral functionals of the three-dimensional Bessel process in terms of modified Bessel functions, Gauss’ hypergeometric functions, and confluent hypergeometric functions. Some new results are obtained, and several established results, such as Dufresne’s perpetuity and a particular case of its translated version, are recovered. In particular, we derive the Laplace transform of the two-dimensional random variable [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a three-dimensional Bessel process and [Formula: see text]. A crucial step of the derivation is to construct a martingale, as performed in the Bass solution of the Skorokhod embedding problem, with respect to an enlarged filtration.
FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF POLYCENTRIC PROSTHETIC KNEE FOR TRANS-FEMORAL AMPUTATION
Authors: MOHANTY RAJESH KUMAR , MOHANTY RAMESH CHANDRA , SABUT SUKANTA KUMAR
Published: October 2022

A prosthetic knee is predominantly subjected to cyclic action leading to fatigue failure during its operation. However, cyclic failure is more severe as it occurs below the yield strength and may happen even without prior indication. This study presents a cyclic structural analysis of an existing polycentric mechanical prosthetic knee by finite element simulation and its experimental validation as per the ISO 10328:2016 standard. The three-dimensional (3D) model is imported to the ANSYS 20.1 workbench to study stress distribution and fatigue life in the knee for ensuring its safety performance. The maximum von-Mises stresses developed at the front and back joint bars made of A390.0-T5 and A390.0-T6 cast aluminium are 100 and 89[Formula: see text]MPa, respectively, in both loading conditions compared to their mechanical fatigue strength of 89[Formula: see text]MPa. The maximum deformation and average number of cycles for fatigue failure are 2.66 and 2.53[Formula: see text]mm and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for simulation and experimental results, respectively. These results suggest that this polycentric knee unit has poor fatigue strength and thereby does not meet the ISO structural standard. A validation test has been performed with an average error of 4.75% between the simulation and experiments results showing higher reliability.
Quantification methodologies on organization and morphology features of fiber-like structures: A review
Authors: Wang Chuncheng , Meng Jia , Qian Shuhao , Zhou Lingxi , Jiang Shenyi , Jiang Rushan , Zhan Hantao , Fang Xinguo , Liu Yijie , Ding Zhihua , Liu Zhiyi
Published: October 2022

Among all the structural formations, fiber-like structure is one of the most common modalities in organisms that undertake essential functions. Alterations in spatial organization of fibrous structures can reflect information of physiological and pathological activities, which is of significance in both researches and clinical applications. Hence, the quantification of subtle changes in fiber-like structures is potentially meaningful in studying structure-function relationships, disease progression, carcinoma staging and engineered tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined a wide range of methodologies that quantify organizational and morphological features of fibrous structures, including orientation, alignment, waviness and thickness. Each method was demonstrated with specific applications. Finally, perspectives of future quantification analysis techniques were explored.
Bias and Debias in Recommender System: A Survey and Future Directions
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Dong Hande , Wang Xiang , Feng Fuli , Wang Meng , He Xiangnan
Published: October 2022

While recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of research papers onrecommender system (RS), most of the papers focus on inventing machine learning models to better fit user behavior data. However, user behavior data is observational rather than experimental. This makes various biases widely exist in the data, including but not limited to selection bias, position bias, exposure bias, and popularity bias. Blindly fitting the data without considering the inherent biases will result in many serious issues, e.g., the discrepancy between offline evaluation and online metrics, hurting user satisfaction and trust on the recommendation service, and so on. To transform the large volume of research models into practical improvements, it is highly urgent to explore the impacts of the biases and perform debiasing when necessary. When reviewing the papers that consider biases in RS, we find that, to our surprise, the studies are rather fragmented and lack a systematic organization. The terminology “bias” is widely used in the literature, but its definition is usually vague and even inconsistent across papers. This motivates us to provide a systematic survey of existing work on RS biases. In this paper, we first summarize seven types of biases in recommendation, along with their definitions and characteristics. We then provide a taxonomy to position and organize the existing work on recommendation debiasing. Finally, we identify some open challenges and envision some future directions, with the hope of inspiring more research work on this important yet less investigated topic. The summary of debiasing methods reviewed in this survey can be found athttps://github.com/jiawei-chen/RecDebiasing.
Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: Current Concepts
Authors: Lee Janet Y. , Rosenthal Stephen M.
Published: October 2022

Increasing numbers of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth, from early puberty through late adolescence, are seeking medical services to bring their physical sex characteristics into alignment with their gender identity—their inner sense of self as male or female or elsewhere on the gender spectrum. Numerous studies, primarily of short- and medium-term duration (up to 6 years), demonstrate the clearly beneficial—even lifesaving—mental health impact of gender-affirming medical care in TGD youth. However, there are significant gaps in knowledge and challenges to such care. Long-term safety and efficacy studies are needed to optimize medical care for TGD youth.
A One-Dimensional Model of a PEM Fuel Cell with the Cathode Catalyst Layer Hydrophobically Treated for Water Management
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Van Nguyen Trung
Published: October 2022

A PEM fuel cell with a hydrophobically treated cathode catalyst layer (CL) demonstrates ∼220% peak power increase with humidified air at 70 °C. To understand the reasons of the increase, a mathematical model was developed focusing on the oxygen-water two-phase transport phenomena in the CL. It suggests the treatment affects the CL in two ways. First, the interface of the ionomer layer exposed to the gas pores becomes more hydrophobic, facilitating less liquid water coverage and faster water drainage from the CL and resulting in better performance at high current densities. Second, it also affects the hydration level in the ionomer phase resulting in higher oxygen concentration in the ionomer phase on and in the catalyst agglomerates, leading to higher performance over the whole polarization curve. The properties having significant influence on the model fitting the experimental data are the capillary pressure property of the CL, the hydrophobic ionomer ratio in the catalyst agglomerate, and the oxygen solubility/diffusivity in the Nafion® phases. With this experimentally verified model, additional case studies combining the hydrophobic gas diffusion material with the hydrophobic CL demonstrate that the membrane’s self-humidification (zero-net-water flux) and peak power enhancement (∼15%) can be reached simultaneously, providing direction for the future materials development.
Optimization of ssDNA-SWCNT Ultracentrifugation via Efficacy Measurements
Authors: Cohen Zachary , Parveen Sadiyah , Williams Ryan M.
Published: October 2022

Photoluminescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) hold substantial potential for a variety of applications in biology and medicine. Improved preparation of such materials requires optimization of various parameters, including those pertaining to ultracentrifugation techniques for removing non-photoluminescent carbonaceous materials. In this work, we investigated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-SWCNT preparations, which are widely used and exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL). We found, however, that total PL is not well-described by SWCNT concentration, and that it is much more sufficiently described by a comparison of SWCNT E22 transition peaks with surrounding baseline absorbance from non-fluorescent carbonaceous material. We used this metric, defined as efficacy, in optimizing techniques for centrifugation and subsequent fractionation. We found that increased centrifugal forces removed substantial non-photoluminescent material, but also more SWCNT mass, yielding less-concentrated but more-pure fluorescent SWCNT samples. Thus, a tradeoff exists between decreased sensor material and increased sensor quality, one which might be considered for each novel SWCNT-based nanosensor construct. We anticipate these studies serving as a basis for improved applied nanosensor development.
A Collaborative Detection Method of Wireless Mobile Network Intrusion Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Wang Xingzhu
Published: October 2022

In order to improve the communication security of wireless mobile network, a collaborative intrusion detection method based on cloud computing is studied. The mobile terminal and the cloud computing platform are connected by the wireless mobile network. The cloud computing platform authentication server adopts a dual server and multifactor authentication scheme for mobile cloud computing to provide authentication services for mobile terminal users. The web server of the cloud computing platform uses the intrusion node detection protocol of the neighbor classification mechanism to provide a communication security protocol for users; Using the HMM algorithm, the intrusion detection module of the computing platform realizes the intrusion detection of wireless mobile network. Finally, using authentication service, security protocol, and intrusion detection module completes the cooperative detection of mobile network intrusion. The experimental results show that this method can realize the cooperative detection of wireless mobile network intrusion, and the detection accuracy is as high as 98%, which ensures the communication security of wireless mobile network.
A Lightweight Authenticated Searchable Encryption without Bilinear Pairing for Cloud Computing
Authors: Du Haorui , Chen Jianhua , Chen Ming , Peng Cong , He Debiao
Published: October 2022

Outsourcing data to cloud services is a good solution for users with limited computing resources. Privacy and confidentiality of data is jeopardized when data is transferred and shared in the cloud. The development of searchable cryptography offers the possibility to solve these problems. Symmetric searchable encryption (SSE) is popular among researchers because it is efficient and secure. SSE often requires the data sender and data receiver to use the same key to generate key ciphertext and trapdoor, which will obviously cause the problem of key management. Searchable encryption based on public key can simplify the key management problem. A public key encryption scheme with keyword search (PEKS) allows multiple senders to encrypt keywords under the receiver’s public key. It is vulnerable to keyword guessing attacks (KGA) due to the small size of the keywords. The proposal of public key authenticated encryption with keyword search (PAEKS) is mainly to resist inside keyword guessing attacks. The previous security models do not involve the indistinguishability of the same keywords (

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=

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1

), which brings the user’s search pattern easy to leak. The essential reason is that the trapdoor generation algorithm is deterministic. At the same time, most of the existing schemes use bilinear pair design, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the scheme. To address these problems, the paper introduces an improved PAEKS model. We design a lightweight public key authentication encryption scheme based on the Diffie-Hellman protocol. Then, we prove the ciphertext indistinguishability security and trapdoor indistinguishability security of the scheme in the improved security model. Finally, the paper demonstrates its comparable security and computational efficiency by comparing it with previous PAEKS schemes. Meanwhile, we conduct an experimental evaluation based on the cryptographic library. Experimental results show that the computational overhead of our scheme compared with the ciphertext generation algorithm, trapdoor generation algorithm and test algorithm of other schemes Our scheme reduces 274, 158 and 60 times, respectively.
Estimation of Gait Parameters for Transfemoral Amputees Using Lower Limb Kinematics and Deterministic Algorithms
Authors: Aftab Zohaib , Ahmed Gulraiz , Ali Asad , Gillani Nazia
Published: October 2022

Accurate estimation of gait parameters depends on the prediction of key gait events of heel strike (HS) and toe-off (TO). Kinematics-based gait event estimation has shown potential in this regard, particularly using leg and foot velocity signals and gyroscopic sensors. However, existing algorithms demonstrate a varying degree of accuracy for different populations. Moreover, the literature lacks evidence for their validity for the amputee population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate this paradigm to predict TO and HS instants and to propose a new algorithm for gait parameter estimation for the amputee population. An open data set containing marker data of 12 subjects with unilateral transfemoral amputation during treadmill walking was used, containing around 3400 gait cycles. Five deterministic algorithms detecting the landmarks (maxima, minima, and zero-crossings [ZC]) in the foot, shank, and thigh angular velocity data indicating HS and TO events were implemented and their results compared against the reference data. Two algorithms based on foot and shank velocity minima performed exceptionally well for the HS prediction, with median accuracy in the range of 6–13 ms. However, both these algorithms produced inferior accuracy for the TO event with consistent early prediction. The peak in the thigh velocity produced the best result for the TO prediction with <25 ms median error. By combining the HS prediction using shank velocity and TO prediction from the thigh velocity, the algorithm produced the best results for temporal gait parameters (step, stride times, stance, and double support timings) with a median error of less than 25 ms. In conclusion, combined shank and thigh velocity-based prediction leads to improved gait parameter estimation than traditional algorithms for the amputee population.
Boswellia serrata Extract, 5-Loxin®, Prevents Joint Pain and Cartilage Degeneration in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis through Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses and Restoration of Matrix Homeostasis
Authors: Shin Mi-Rae , Kim Hwa-Young , Choi Hwang-Yong , Park Kyoung Sik , Choi Hak Joo , Roh Seong-Soo
Published: October 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive joint disease associated with pain, functional impairment, and diminished quality of life in affected individuals. At a societal level, it also has a high economic burden. Boswellia serrata has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and analgesic effects. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential and possible underlying mechanism of 5-Loxin®, a standardized Boswellia serrata extract, in a rat model of OA. The OA model was established by the intra-articular injection of 50 μL of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) (60 mg/mL). 5-Loxin® was administered orally, and efficacy was evaluated through serum analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histologic staining, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results indicated that administration of 5-Loxin® can relieve OA joint pain through inhibition of both inflammatory processes and cartilage degeneration. In the group of rats treated with 5-Loxin®, the suppression of inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) resulted in a significant reduction in the prostaglandin (PG) E2 and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. Moreover, 5-Loxin® ameliorated the deterioration of the main components of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM), such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and aggrecan, through the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These findings suggest that 5-Loxin® may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
Simulation of Thermal Decomposition of Calcium Oxide in a Backward Step Tubular Reactor Containing a Cooling Jacket to Enhance the Heat Transfer and the Rotation Rate
Authors: Alshehri Nawal A. , Memon Abid A. , Memon M. Asif , Bhayo Bilawal A. , Bhatti Kaleemullah , Hejazi Hala A. , Jacob Kavikumar , Seidu Jamel
Published: October 2022

The chemical reactions widely operate in industries to enhance the heat transfer rate among the chosen domain. In the current article, we are going to observe an exothermic reaction of calcium oxide and water in a backward step tubular reactor with a cooled surrounded surface. The tubular reactor will be considered axisymmetric with an aspect ratio of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 from half radius to the length of the reactor. The governing partial differential equations of mass, momentum, and energy and diffusion equations are solved using the commercial package of finite element method of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. A parametric study is done by using the Reynolds number in the range and activation energy E in a range from 71,000 J/mol to 75,000 J/mol. The initial concentration of calcium oxide is tested from 1% to 3%. The computational results will be displayed for the upstream and downstream of the channel. It was concluded that the temperature difference is increasing linearly against the concentration of calcium hydroxide upstream and nonfunctional downstream. The average Sherwood and Nusselt numbers give a positive response with increasing the aspect ratio as well as the Reynolds number. The rotation rate at the middle of the downstream was also concluded using the Reynolds number and aspect ratio.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards COVID-19 among Mothers in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Goshiye Debrnesh , Abegaz Zinet , Gedamu Sisay
Published: October 2022

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease causing a catastrophic effect, and many of us are worried to find a new normal. Many burdens are occurring in households, predominantly to women and mothers. Women worldwide are naive on COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and prevention measures and worried on being exposed to coronavirus. The study aimed to assess the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 22 to August 7, 2020, in Dessie town, Ethiopia. A total of 634 mothers were included in the study. Multistage cluster sampling was used to take the proper sample. An interviewer-administered pretested structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered into EpiData, version 3.1, and analyzed by using SPSS, version 23. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to find factors associated with dependent variables. The mean score was used to grade the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Result. A total of 610 mothers participated in this study, making that a 96.2% response rate. More than half of the respondents 319 (50.3%) were in the age of 28–38 years. About 438 (71.8%) attended grades 1–12. About 531 (87.5%) were married, and most respondents 399 (65.4%) were housewives. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 15.36 (SD = 3.059), 6.4 (1.779), and 7.38 (3.068), respectively. Moreover, about 442 (72.5%), 354 (58%), and 338 (55.4%) of the respondents had good knowledge, a favorable attitude, and good practice on COVID-19, respectively. Conclusion. Almost three-fourths of the mothers had good knowledge of COVID-19. However, more than two-fifths of the participants had an unfavorable attitude and poor practice on COVID-19 preventive measures, which may put a high risk of infection that could worsen maternal morbidity and mortality during this pandemic. Therefore, health education programs for mobilizing and improving COVID-19-related knowledge, attitude, and practice are urgently needed, especially for those mothers who have low access to information due to home duty.
Rapid and Nondestructive Detection of Proline in Serum Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares
Authors: Zhu Kejing , Zhang Shengsheng , Yue Keyu , Zuo Yaming , Niu Yulin , Wu Qing , Pan Wei
Published: October 2022

Proline is an important amino acid that widely affects life activities. It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. It is of great significance to monitor the metabolism of the machine. With the great advantages of deep learning in feature extraction, near-infrared analysis technology has great potential and has been widely used in various fields. This study explored the potential application of near-infrared spectroscopy in the detection of serum proline. We collected blood samples from clinical sources, separated the serum, established a quantitative model, and determined the changes in proline. Four algorithms of SMLR, PLS, iPLS, and SA were used to model proline in serum. The root mean square errors of prediction were 0.00111, 0.00150, 0.000770, and 0.000449, and the correlation coefficients (Rp) were 0.84, 0.67, 0.91, and 0.97, respectively. The experimental results show that the model is relatively robust and has certain guiding significance for the clinical monitoring of proline. This method is expected to replace the current mainstream but time-consuming HPLC, or it can be applied to rapid online monitoring at the bedside.
The Molecular Effects of SGLT2i Empagliflozin on the Autophagy Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Its Complications
Authors: Saad Ranin , Tadmor Hagar , Ertracht Offir , Nakhoul Nakhoul , Nakhoul Farid , Evgeny Farber , Atar Shaul
Published: October 2022

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially hyperglycemia, is associated with increased glucose cell toxicity and oxidative stress that can lead to irreversible damage in the kidney such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Autophagy plays a key role in the degradation of damaged intracellular proteins in order to maintain intracellular homeostasis and cell integrity. The disturbance of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We aim to investigate the molecular effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on the expression of ATG5 and its downstream collaborator LC3-II in diabetic nice model. Material and Methods. We used eight weeks old male mice: twenty C57BL/6 wild type (C57BL/6), twenty BTBR ob/ob (DM), and twenty BTBR ob/ob that were treated with empagliflozin (DM+EMPA), FDA approved SGLT2i. Lysate from murine renal cortex was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. ATG5, LC3B, and fibronectin expression were analyzed in murine kidney tissues. All mice were sacrificed 13 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Results. Histological and Western blot analyses reveal decrease ATG5, LC3-II, and fibronectin levels at renal specimens taken from DM mice. EMPA treatment reduced T2DM mice body weight and blood glucose and increased urine glucose. Further, it upregulated all of the abovementioned proteins. Conclusions. Hyperglycemia reduces LC3-II and ATG5 protein levels which contribute to deficiencies in the autophagy process, with development and progression of DN. SGLT2i significantly reduces progression of DN and onset of end-stage renal disease in T2DM patients, probably through its effect on autophagy.
Mathematical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of 3D Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance FinFET
Authors: Alam Sayem Ul , Uddin Rukon , Alam Md. Jahangir , Raihan Ahamed , Mahtab Sheikh S. , Bhowmik Subrata
Published: October 2022

Ferroelectric negative capacitance materials have now been proposed for lowering electronics energy dissipation beyond basic limitations. In this paper, we presented the analysis on the performance of negative capacitance (NC) FinFET in comparison with conventional gate dielectrics by using a separation of variables approach, which is an optimal quasi-3D mathematical model. The result has been signified steeper surface potential (ψ), lower threshold voltage (Vth), 1.2 mA of on-state current (Ion), and enhanced immunity of negative capacitance FinFET against short channel effects (SCE’s) like 35.3 mV/V of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), 60 mV/dec of subthreshold swing (SS) along with smallest off state current (Ioff) among another conventional gate dielectric. Hence, NC FinFET can be a potential candidate for low power and high-performance device.
A Coordinated Pumped Storage Dual Compensated Hydro Governor with PSS Action to Damp Electromechanical Power Oscillations
Authors: Nahak Narayan , Satapathy Samarjeet
Published: October 2022

Subject to increasing penetrations of renewable sources like solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind energy sources, power system oscillation damping is going to be a critical challenge for system operators. This work proposes a new dual compensated governor (DCG) in coordination with a power system stabilizer (PSS) of a pumped storage hydro plant for power oscillation damping subject to intermittent SPV and wind penetration for a hydro, wind, and SPV integrated power system. The phase lag provided by the hydro governor is compensated by additional phase lead contributed by the dual compensation, where speed and real power deviations brought by uncertain SPV and wind penetrations are simultaneously controlled by two lead-lag controllers before being applied to conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) governor. Again, subject to critical oscillatory unstable conditions, the DCG is coordinated with PSS through a multiobjective function employing a new modified Differential Evolutionary-Particle swarm optimization (MDEPSO) algorithm. Different case studies with sudden and random SPV and wind penetrations being executed with the proposed controller considering a two area four machine and 39 bus multimachine system with pumped storage hydro units to observe system oscillations are considered. The proposed damping control action has been implemented to damp these oscillations, and the damped response has been analyzed with eigenvalue distributions and Bode plots with sensitivity analysis. The proposed action is found to be much more efficient in contrast to conventional PID governor and PSS damping action. Also, the usage of present hydro governors can be much improved by this coordinated controller action.
Identifying the Transcriptional Drivers of Metastasis Embedded within Localized Melanoma
Authors: Suresh Shruthy , Rabbie Roy , Garg Manik , Lumaquin Dianne , Huang Ting-Hsiang , Montal Emily , Ma Yilun , Cruz Nelly M , Tang Xinran , Nsengimana Jérémie , Newton-Bishop Julia , Hunter Miranda V. , Zhu Yuxin , Chen Kevin , de Stanchina Elisa , Adams David J. , White Richard M.
Published: October 2022

In melanoma, predicting which tumors will ultimately metastasize guides treatment decisions. Transcriptional signatures of primary tumors have been utilized to predict metastasis, but which among these are driver or passenger events remains unclear. We used data from the adjuvant AVAST-M trial to identify a predictive gene signature in localized tumors that ultimately metastasized. Using a zebrafish model of primary melanoma, we interrogated the top genes from the AVAST-M signature in vivo. This identified GRAMD1B, a cholesterol transfer protein, as a bona fide metastasis suppressor, with a majority of knockout animals rapidly developing metastasis. Mechanistically, excess free cholesterol or its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol promotes invasiveness via activation of an AP-1 program, which is associated with increased metastasis in humans. Our data demonstrate that the transcriptional seeds of metastasis are embedded within localized tumors, suggesting that early targeting of these programs can be used to prevent metastatic relapse.

Significance:

We analyzed human melanoma transcriptomics data to identify a gene signature predictive of metastasis. To rapidly test clinical signatures, we built a genetic metastasis platform in adult zebrafish and identified GRAMD1B as a suppressor of melanoma metastasis. GRAMD1B-associated cholesterol overload activates an AP-1 program to promote melanoma invasion.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
VISTA Targeting of T-cell Quiescence and Myeloid Suppression Overcomes Adaptive Resistance
Authors: Schaafsma Evelien , Croteau Walburga , ElTanbouly Mohamed , Nowak Elizabeth C. , Smits Nicole C. , Deng Jie , Sarde Aurelien , Webber Cecilia A. , Rabadi Dina , Cheng Chao , Noelle Randolph , Lines J. Louise
Published: October 2022

V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a premier target for cancer treatment due to its broad expression in many cancer types and enhanced expression upon development of adaptive immune checkpoint resistance. In the CT26 colorectal cancer model, monotherapy of small tumors with anti-VISTA resulted in slowed tumor growth. In a combination therapy setting, large CT26 tumors showed complete adaptive resistance to anti–PD-1/CTLA-4, but inclusion of anti-VISTA led to rejection of half the tumors. Mechanisms of enhanced antitumor immunity were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiplex image analysis, and flow cytometry of the tumor immune infiltrate. In both treatment models, anti-VISTA upregulated stimulated antigen presentation pathways and reduced myeloid-mediated suppression. Imaging revealed an anti-VISTA stimulated increase in contacts between T cells and myeloid cells, further supporting the notion of increased antigen presentation. scRNA-seq of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells revealed that anti-VISTA therapy induced T-cell pathways highly distinct from and complementary to those induced by anti–PD-1 therapy. Whereas anti–CTLA-4/PD-1 expanded progenitor exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets, anti-VISTA promoted costimulatory genes and reduced regulators of T-cell quiescence. Notably, this is the first report of a checkpoint regulator impacting CD8+ T-cell quiescence, and the first indication that quiescence may be a target in the context of T-cell exhaustion and in cancer. This study builds a foundation for all future studies on the role of anti-VISTA in the development of antitumor immunity and provides important mechanistic insights that strongly support use of anti-VISTA to overcome the adaptive resistance seen in contemporary treatments involving PD-1 and/or CTLA-4.

See related Spotlight by Wei, p. 3
KLK4 Silencing Inhibits the Growth of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma through ERK/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Fan Bo , Niu Yunfeng , Zhang Aili , Wei Shufei , Ma Yongliang , Su Jianzhi , Ren Zongtao
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) generally has a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis and metastasis. Despite its abundance in RCC cells, the functions of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) in RCC cells remain unknown. The results of this investigation were examined to discover if KLK4 gene silencing influences the development of RCC cells. Methods: The mRNA levels of KLK4 and the relationship between KLK4 and tumor stage in patients with RCC were analyzed from the GEPIA database. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of KLK4. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to examine the proliferation, invasion, and migration of RCC cells after KLK4 suppression. Finally, xenograft experiments in a mouse model helped understand the in vivo effects of KLK4 knockdown. Results: Our research found that KLK4 expression was upregulated in the kidney chromophobe (KICH) specimens and cell lines. Moreover, inhibiting KLK4 growth led to a slowdown in RCC cell proliferation and colony formation. Additionally, KLK4 knockdown inhibited migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells. AKT and ERK phosphorylation were enhanced with KLK4 silencing. In the nude mouse xenograft cancer model, KLK4 silencing also prevented the expression of Ki-67, CD105, and the growth of tumors. Conclusion: KLK4 accelerated KICH progression via the ERK/AKT signaling pathway, providing a novel regulatory mechanism for KICH pathogenesis.
The Impact of Malnutrition, Inflammation on Cognitive Impairment in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Da Jingjing , Li Qian , Long Yanjun , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), which is related to the nutritional and inflammatory status of this population. Malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) has been identified as a useful tool to evaluate nutrition and inflammation status. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between MIS and cognitive impairment in HD patients. Methods: This was a multicenter observational cohort study with 1,591 patients undergoing HD. Nutritional and inflammatory status was evaluated with MIS, anthropometric measurements, and body composition assessments. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The associations between MIS and cognitive impairment were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Among 1,591 HD patients, the mean MIS was 6.0 ± 2.6. Patients with higher MIS had significantly lower MMSE scores. 311 patients had cognitive impairment. After adjusting clinical confounders, higher MIS was independently associated with increased rate of cognitive impairment both as a categorized variable (OR, 1.358; 95% CI, 1.010–1.825; p = 0.045) and as a continuous variable (OR, 1.113; 95% CI, 1.053–1.178; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between MIS and cognitive impairment in males, the population with age 41–60 years, and 61–80 years, no smoker, living by oneself, HD combined with or without hemoperfusion as dialysis modality. ROC curve analysis of MIS showed 60.1% sensitivity and 52.0% specificity in predicting cognitive impairment (AUC 0.604; 95% CI 0.567–0.640, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MIS was independently associated with cognitive impairment in HD patients.
Treatment and 30-Day Mortality after Myocardial Infarction in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Study from Norway
Authors: Forster Rachel Bedenis , Kjellstadli Camilla , Myklebust Tor Åge , Egeland Grace , Sulo Gerhard , Bjørge Tone , Bønaa Kaare Harald , Juliusson Petur Benedikt , Kvåle Rune
Published: October 2022

Introduction: There is limited knowledge about the use of invasive treatment and mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We therefore wanted to compare rates of invasive treatment and 30-day mortality between AMIs in patients with PCa and AMIs in the general Norwegian male population. Methods: Norwegian population-based registry data from 2013 to 2019 were used in this cohort study to identify AMIs in patients with a preceding PCa diagnosis. We compared invasive treatment rates and 30-day mortality in AMI patients with PCa to the same outcomes in all male AMI patients in Norway. Invasive treatment was defined as performed angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Standardized mortality (SMR) and incidence ratios, and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between PCa risk groups and invasive treatment. Results: In 1,018 patients with PCa of all risk groups, the total rates of invasive treatment for AMIs were similar to the rates in the general AMI population. In patients with ST-segment elevation AMIs, rates were lower in metastatic PCa compared to localized PCa (OR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04–0.49). For non-ST-segment elevation AMIs, there were no differences between PCa risk groups. The 30-day mortality after AMI was lower in PCa patients than in the total population of similarly aged AMI patients (SMR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97). Conclusion: Except for patients with metastatic PCa experiencing an ST-segment elevation AMI, PCa patients were treated as frequent with invasive treatment for their AMI as the general AMI population. 30-day all-cause mortality was lower after AMI in PCa patients compared to the general AMI population.
Problemas do Conto como Gênero: a experiência de Anton Tchekhov
Authors: Pontieri Regina Lúcia
Published: October 2022

Este ensaio pretende mostrar, na ficção de Anton Tchekhov, formas distintas de elaboração de narrativas curtas que, designadas como “contos”, diferem no entanto na estruturação da coordenada temporal. De início, são revisadas manifestações várias do próprio autor sobre suas dificuldades com relação ao gênero “conto” e suas tentativas de chegar à prática do “romance”. Em seguida, são analisados comparativamente dois contos do autor, “O bilhete premiado” e “A dama do cachorrinho”.
Religious Coping and Depressive Symptoms among Religious Belgian Hospitalized Patients: The Mediating Role of Hope
Authors: Buelens Eva , Dezutter Jessie , Vandenhoeck Anne , Dillen Annemie
Published: October 2022

Research on the pathways through which positive/negative religious coping (PRC/NRC) styles work, is sparse. This cross-sectional study examined hope as a mediating pathway in the association between PRC/NRC and depressive symptoms in 155 hospital inpatients in Belgium that self-reported to be religious (mostly Catholic, Christian or religious without affiliation to a religious institute). Patients relying more on NRC tend to have more depressive symptoms through the mechanism of hope. Interestingly, the direct relationship found between NRC and depressive symptoms points to the likelihood of an omitted mediator requiring further research. Patients more often using PRC tend to have fewer depressive symptoms through the mechanism of hope. No direct relationship between PRC and depressive symptoms was found.
Spiritual Awakening among Church Members during the Pandemic: An Empirical Study in England and Wales
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Village Andrew , Lewis Christopher Alan
Published: October 2022

For some church members the pandemic may have been a challenge to faith, while for others the pandemic may have been an opportunity to re-kindle faith and to trigger spiritual awakening. A sample of 3,673 churchgoers (Anglican and Catholic) completed an online survey during the early months of the lockdown including the Lewis Index of Spiritual Awakening (LISA). The data demonstrated that more participants experienced a sense of spiritual awakening than a spiritual decline. Spiritual awakening was associated with personal factors (being female and older), with psychological factors (feeling types, intuitive types, and emotional stability), with religious identity (being Catholic), with theological tradition (being charismatic and conservative), and with active engagement in online services (lighting candles or typing in prayer requests). Experiencing spiritual awakening during the early months of the lockdown is, thus, associated with religious, theological, and spiritual practices, as well as with personal and psychological factors.
Sea Turtles Protection in Southeast Asia: Linkages and Role of Soft Law Instruments in the Implementation of the Law of the Sea Convention
Authors: Liliansa Dita
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the role of regional soft law instruments in the implementation of international obligations for the protection of the marine environment through a case study on the protection of endangered sea turtles and their habitats in Southeast Asia. It explores six non-binding instruments adopted within and beyond the aegis of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It assesses the extent to which they provide the means to implement international obligations under the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (LOSC). It concludes that these instruments demonstrate a dual role in the implementation of the LOSC: not only can they be key considerations in determining whether States have implemented their duty to cooperate, they can also guide the interpretation of the duty to act with due diligence to protect endangered sea turtles and their habitats.
Transforming Mathematics Instruction Via Primary Historical Sources: A Study of Influential Factors on Implementation of a Curricular Innovation at the Tertiary Level
Authors: Barnett Janet Heine , Clark Kathleen Michelle , Can Cihan
Published: October 2022

The TRansforming Instruction in Undergraduate Mathematics via Primary Historical Sources (TRIUMPHS) project is producing primary source projects (PSPs) for use in teaching core topics from the tertiary mathematics curriculum and investigating the resulting teaching and learning experiences. This article examines factors related to attributes of PSPs, TRIUMPHS’ dissemination and implementation support strategies, and characteristics of individual instructors that have influenced the incorporation of PSPs into their ordinary practice via case studies representative of two types of end users: those who have thus far limited their PSP usage to a single course and those for whom PSP usage has permeated their instructional practice. Findings affirm that pedagogical orientations within individuals’ instructional practices were critical to both initial use and eventual adoption of PSPs, while the observed differences in usage patterns between the cases were influenced by the perceived relative advantages offered by the core features of PSPs and individuals’ intrinsic motivation.

The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.21205292.
Dravidacris annamalaica gen. et sp. nov. a new pygmy unicorn grasshopper (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from South India
Authors: BHASKAR DHANEESH , SANKARARAMAN H. , KASALO NIKO
Published: October 2022

A new pygmy unicorn genus, Dravidacris Bhaskar et Kasalo, gen. nov., and its single species D. annamalaica Bhaskar et Kasalo sp. nov. are described, restricted to the Eastern coast of Tamil Nadu, one of the southern states of India. Dravidarcis gen. nov. is a unique pygmy grasshopper genus with its long, elevated, and projected vertex. Long and dorsally extended flat fastigium of Dravidacris gen. nov. is similar to that of Pseudomitraria from Africa, Rostella from SE Asia, and Indomiriatra from India. However, those species are different and are not closely related. The new genus is easily separated from the genera mentioned above by the shape of the horn, the way the horn is developed, the expression of medial and median carinae, and the shape of the anterior margin of the pronotum. The implications of differing horn morphologies are discussed, and some taxonomic comments are offered.
Triplax sulphuricollis Reitter, 1887 from the Hyrcanian forests of Iran recognized as a valid species by morphology and barcoding (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
Authors: THORN SIMON , KAZERANI FARZANEH , FARASHIANI MOHAMMAD EBRAHIM , MORINIÈRE JÉRÔME
Published: October 2022

The status of Triplax collaris sulphuricollis Reitter, 1887 is reevaluated based on recent records from the Hyrcanian forests in northern Iran. Morphological features and barcoding support separate species status as Triplax sulphuricollis Reitter, 1887, new status. Morphological characteristics include an orange-yellow antennal club and elytral punctation arranged in striae. Triplax sulphuricollis is associated with oyster fungi of the genus Pleurotus growing on dead wood of deciduous trees.