bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Webcare
Authors: Kerkhof Peter , Dijkmans Corné
Published: October 2019

Consumers have made abundant use of social media to share their experiences with and evaluations of products, services, and policies—and with the organizations that produce them. Consumer voices, or electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), can be heard on social network sites, online review sites, the comments section of news sites, and, in general, in all online spaces that enable an active role for users. Whereas in the early days of the Internet, organizations typically chose not to respond to online consumer reviews or answer online consumer questions, since around 2010 it has become increasingly common for organizations to have an active presence in social media and to directly engage in interactions with consumers. This article defines webcare as the online interactions between organizations and consumers about consumer questions, complaints, and experiences with regard to the organization’s products or services. Webcare interactions are typically (although not exclusively) public, which distinguishes webcare from customer service that takes place in nonpublic one-to-one interactions that organizations have with consumers, such as in call centers. The public character of webcare adds a new dimension to customer service: not only is the consumer in question engaged in interacting with the organization at hand, but bystanders are as well. This involves consumers who witness (and at times engage in) the webcare interaction and whose attitudes toward the organization may be affected by the nature of the interaction. As a result, public interactions between organizations and consumers make webcare an important part of an organization’s online presence. Another distinguishing feature of webcare is that the interactions between organizations and consumers frequently move beyond typical customer service questions (e.g., a failed product, a faulty service delivery). Although customer service still makes up the bulk of webcare interactions of most organizations, webcare teams frequently receive compliments by consumers, questions regarding the organizations’ ethics, or inquiries about the organization’s stand on societal issues. When an organization gets involved in a public crisis, webcare teams need to deal with large groups of citizens and/or consumers expressing their opinions, often accompanied or inspired by pressure groups.
Digital Literacy
Authors: Hicks Troy , Baleja Katherine , Zhang Mingyuan
Published: October 2019

For centuries, both the technologies of literacy—from cuneiform tablets to the printing press to, most recently, the smartphone—as well as the practices of reading, writing, listening, speaking, viewing, and visually representing have evolved. In the late 1990s, with the emergence of the hyperlinked and increasingly visual form of the Internet known as the World Wide Web, researchers, journalists, and educators began to use the term “digital literacy” to describe and differentiate emerging practices that were considered new, or at least different, from linear, text-centric literacy practices. To be digitally literate, competent learners would need to perform equally as well in face-to-face and print communication, as well as with emerging online tools such as discussions boards, instant messaging, and email. Along with the introduction of the term “digital literacy,” a number of related—and often considered synonymous—terms have emerged from various perspectives including “computer literacy,” “information communication technologies (ICT) literacy,” “information literacy,” “media literacy,” “new literacy(ies),” and “multiliteracies.” In an effort to clarify definitions and to distinguish between other entries in the Oxford Bibliographies, “digital literacy” is defined here as the complementary and interwoven skills, both technical and social, that people must employ when using Internet-based communication—including hypertext, images, audio, and video—to consume and create messages across a variety of academic, civic, and cultural contexts. Digital literacy, then, has particular significance within the realm of education. Often positioned as a set of skills and dispositions on par with—or in some cases, even more important than—traditional literacy skills of reading and writing, digital literacy has taken a prominent role in academic conversations from early childhood education through adolescent and young adult learning. Additionally, references to digital literacy are now common in conversations outside of school as well. This bibliography focuses attention on digital literacy in K-12 contexts, with reference to out-of-school and global contexts, drawing attention to the wide range of educational scholarship that embraces the study of digital literacy including research in linguistics and sociology as well as education.
Serialism
Authors: Bernstein Zachary
Published: October 2019

Since Arnold Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone system in the early 1920s, serialism has been the subject of a continuous torrent of scholarship. At least in part, this is the result of an experimental attitude that has marked serialism since its inception. No two major serial composers have used the same set of tools; indeed, the creation of new serial techniques seems to have been a necessary stage in the growth of a serial composer. This individuality naturally has consequences for scholarship. For one, it has meant a profusion of writing by composers. Some of this writing comes as compositional theory, as composers—from some mixture of a desire to share fruitful research, to facilitate the comprehension of their music, and to stake claims on their inventions—have written about serial procedures that interest them creatively. Some comes as aesthetic manifesto, as composers seek to justify their unique approaches. The great diversity of serial compositional techniques and aesthetics has also led to a flourishing of analysis, as analysts work to define and interpret the many separate practices composers have developed. Yet serialism’s individuality has also contributed to dramatic critical pushback: a running theme among commentators has been that serial music is inaccessible to nonspecialists. The prose written by serial composers has also generated much critical commentary, for many justifications given for their work have been shown to be problematic from political, cultural, and historical perspectives. The sources included in this bibliography give a sampling of the best work from all of these discursive branches as well as a selection of more general resources to help new students of serialism find their footing. Finally, a word about the scope of the article is in order. In the English-language literature, “serialism” and, interchangeably, “serial music” refer broadly to music based on systematic permutations of pitch classes or other elements. Twelve-tone music, accordingly, is the first prominent instance of serialism. French scholarship uses a similarly broad connotation of “musique sérielle,” which encompasses “Le dodécaphonisme” or “musique dodécaphonique” (i.e., twelve-tone music). German scholars, in contrast, have tended to differentiate between “Zwölftonmusik” (twelve-tone music) and “serielle Musik,” the latter distinguishing itself by the application of serial techniques to rhythm, timbre, intensity, and other musical dimensions. This article adopts the English-language definition of serialism.
Child Trafficking and Slavery
Authors: Howard Neil
Published: October 2019

“Child trafficking” began its career as a core international child protection issue in the late 1990s. It emerged from the union of the anti–child labor and anti–sex trafficking movements, which both underwent a resurgence at that time and paralleled a rise in focus on the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Since around 2005, trafficking has been joined by “child slavery,” which contemporary abolitionists argue is a subset of the “modern-day slavery” that they claim blights the global economy. Child trafficking and child slavery have thus become twin issues, enshrined in—and targeted for eradication by—the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Conceptually, each issue is understood and constructed within mainstream media and political discourse as a matter of innocents being kidnapped and enslaved by criminal exploiters or sold by their poverty-stricken/“culturally backward” parents. The conventional policy approaches with which this discourse is associated thus tend toward the draconian, replicating the aggressive yet depoliticizing efforts of those who wish to outlaw child labor and (adult or child) prostitution. Scholars and critical practitioners from all continents have pushed back, arguing that discourse is as problematic and reductive as policy is misguided and ineffective. Criticism has targeted the unsophisticated, at times racist nature of many mainstream representations, as well as the damaging, unintended consequences of top-down policy and project interventions. Many have focused on documenting children’s agency amidst their structural constraints, including the consent that they offer for their work, even where that work is labeled as trafficking or slavery. Others have sought to situate this work within its sociocultural contexts. A small handful of scholars have gone inside the discursive and policy regime in order to understand and map how policymakers think and act around these issues. Considerable differences exist between researchers who have conducted empirical research with children labeled as slaves or victims of trafficking and those who examine these issues from a more bird’s-eye perspective. Naturally, there is great overlap between those who examine related issues—such as child labor, child sexual exploitation, modern slavery, or adult sex trafficking. Nevertheless, given the policy, institutional, and discursive overlaps between child trafficking and slavery and child labor, many of the texts cited will be drawn from literature that straddles both topics.
Nuclear Culture
Authors: Roberts Harry , Gibbs Emily
Published: October 2019

Over the last forty years, there has been an academic shift within nuclear scholarship, with attention diverting away from military, political, and scientific approaches, and alternatively favoring social, cultural, and psychoanalytical histories of the Cold War. This perspective has moved away from “top down” histories of the nuclear age, instead tracing the social and cultural changes instigated by the development of nuclear technologies. This scholarship originated in America in the 1980s, and this pioneering research foregrounded cultural studies of the nuclear, without specifically addressing nuclear culture as a concept. This research inspired and influenced a series of international scholars who considered nuclear culture in greater detail. This movement coalesced with the “cultural turn” of the 1980s, and by the turn of the century there had been a large expansion of historical work examining the approaches, applications, and methods of “nuclear culture.” A key aspect of this expansion was a movement away from American perspectives, with many historians across the world producing research on nuclear cultures in Britain, Europe, and Japan. As nuclear historians have continued to move away from political, military, and scientific narratives and toward an understanding of the sociological, cultural, psychological, and ontological resonance of nuclear technology, the concept of nuclear culture has been repeatedly disputed, interpreted, defined, and redefined. Indeed, numerous scholars from a variety of disciplines have interrogated the terms “nuclear” and “culture,” pushing the ever expanding theoretical and methodological frames of the field in their attempts to produce and refine a coherent definition of the topic. Eschewing the monolithic treatment of individual national contexts, cultural scholars have attested to the pluralism of cultural life within the atomic era, outlining the competing attitudes and ideologies that dominated the period. Taking inspiration from this content, this bibliography presents the existence of multiple nuclear cultures within global societies, outlining the varied realms in which nuclear attitudes have manifested themselves. Here, we draw together the disparate strands of nuclear scholarship, outline the key subcategories within the field, and highlight specific readings within each subsection to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the many facets that scholars have conceived under the moniker of “nuclear culture.” Subsequent sections shall outline the varied theoretical and methodological approaches that have been employed by nuclear scholars, with a final section focusing on key conceptual elements within the field and the relevant scholarship that concerns them.
Radioecology
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Mousseau Timothy A.
Published: October 2019

Historically, radioecology is a branch of radiation biology that focuses on the movement of radionuclides through the biosphere and thereby affects ecological processes, but also the composition and the functioning of ecosystems. Modern radioecology has expanded to include studies of the consequences of radiation for biological processes (e.g., adaptation and evolution) and organismal, population, and ecosystem endpoints (Mothersill and Seymour 2012, cited under Bystander Effects). Radioecology is the scientific discipline focusing on how radioactive substances interact with nature, the mechanisms responsible for migration of such substances, and the uptake of radioactive substances in individuals, in the food chain that is composed of these individuals, and in ecosystems that are composed of the populations of these different species. Radioecological research may consist of field experiments to ensure biological realism in experiments, designed field and laboratory experiments, and the development of predictive simulation and population models. This interdisciplinary science combines aspects from basic biology; traditional scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, and ecology; and applied aspects of radiation protection. Radioecological studies form the basis for estimating doses and assessing the consequences of radioactive pollution for the health of the environment, but ultimately also for all living organisms, including humans. While radiation may have broad-scale consequences for living beings, and for the future of the entire planet, radioecology constitutes, perhaps surprisingly, but a modest branch of research. We can most readily display this by listing the number of citations of scientific publications in radioecology and accompanying fields. The number of citations at Web of Science Core Collection, accessed 21 October 2022, in radioecology (900) is much smaller than other fields of biology, such as ecology (543,534), evolution (1,858,846), genomics (191,867), and genetics (645,554). This distribution of citations for different fields of biology, ecology, and radiation biology implies that radioecology is relatively undeveloped when compared with these other major fields. That said, there was a dramatic increase in the numbers of publications following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, and an even greater increase following the Fukushima accident of 2011, suggesting a growing interest in this field. Additionally, we provide a list of five fields of radioecology that potentially could be particularly productive and hence impact the distribution of overall citation scores within and among fields. The authors gratefully acknowledge Gennadi Milinevsky and Igor Chizhevsky for logistic support and help in organizing fieldwork in Ukraine, and Isao Nishiumi and Keisuke Ueda for help with field work in Fukushima. The authors received funding from the CNRS (France), the University of South Carolina, the Samuel Freeman Charitable Trust, and the US Fulbright Program to conduct their research.
Latin American Jewish Studies
Authors: Dujovne Alejandro , Kahan Emmanuel
Published: October 2019

The presentation of a comprehensive selection of academic texts in the field of Latin American Jewish studies, such as the one we develop here, requires considering a series of analytical challenges. The first one is epistemological in nature: when referring to a topic as “Latin American” it is not always kept in mind that this adjective comprises many countries, with very different histories and realities. Although there are historical, cultural, and linguistic common grounds that bring most of the countries in the region together, the differences between them are substantial. Only by contrasting this region with others, and through analytical or political enunciation, is it possible to construct it as a single unit. The same is true for Jewish history in the region. Although we can identify common elements that define a unique context for the development of Jewish life in Latin America, such as the historically most widespread religion—Catholicism—and the dominant languages and cultural backgrounds—Spanish and Portuguese—there are many particularities that differentiate historical experiences. The differences in size, degree of institutional development, and social and cultural visibility of the Jewish populations in the Latin American countries, present a second challenge for the current selection. Although we aimed to offer a balanced bibliographical overview of the region, the fact that Argentina, with the largest Jewish community, followed by Brazil and Mexico, has received much more attention from scholars, led us to an unavoidable bias imbalance. Finally, this selection faces a third challenge related to the publishing languages. This is directly associated with the places of academic production. In the cases in which we selected a Spanish or Portuguese-language book or article, we attempted to include the English version. However, most of the references are published only in Spanish or Portuguese. This piece begins with references that address the development of the Latin American Jewish studies field, and continues with the following topics: Converts and crypto-Jews in colonial America; immigration; the formation of communities and the dynamics of integration; Jewish political trends and Jewish participation in national politics; culture and art; Spanish and Portuguese-language literature, which includes an entry on Yiddish literature; women, prostitution, and gender; religion; anti-Semitism; Nazism and the Holocaust; the two bomb attacks in Argentina (Embassy of Israel in 1992 and the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina in 1994); and finally, the repressive actions of military dictatorships.
Determinants of Fatal Outcome in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units With Influenza, European Union 2009–2017
Authors: Adlhoch Cornelia , Gomes Dias Joana , Bonmarin Isabelle , Hubert Bruno , Larrauri Amparo , Oliva Domínguez Jesús A , Delgado-Sanz Concepción , Brytting Mia , Carnahan Annasara , Popovici Odette , Lupulescu Emilia , O’Donnell Joan , Domegan Lisa , Van Gageldonk-Lafeber Arianne B , Meijer Adam , Kynčl Jan , Slezák Pavel , Guiomar Raquel , Orta Gomes Carlos M , Popow-Kraupp Theresia , Mikas Ján , Staroňová Edita , Melillo Jackie M , Melillo Tanya , Ikonen Niina , Lyytikäinen Outi , Snacken René , Penttinen Pasi
Published: October 2019

Background

Morbidity, severity, and mortality associated with annual influenza epidemics are of public health concern. We analyzed surveillance data on hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza cases admitted to intensive care units to identify common determinants for fatal outcome and inform and target public health prevention strategies, including risk communication.

Methods

We performed a descriptive analysis and used Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate the association of age, sex, virus (sub)type, and underlying medical condition with fatal outcome using European Union data from 2009 to 2017.

Results

Of 13 368 cases included in the basic dataset, 2806 (21%) were fatal. Age ≥40 years and infection with influenza A virus were associated with fatal outcome. Of 5886 cases with known underlying medical conditions and virus A subtype included in a more detailed analysis, 1349 (23%) were fatal. Influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H3N2) infection, age ≥60 years, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection and/or other immune deficiency, and heart, kidney, and liver disease were associated with fatal outcome; the risk of death was lower for patients with chronic lung disease and for pregnant women.

Conclusions

This study re-emphasises the importance of preventing influenza in the elderly and tailoring strategies to risk groups with underlying medical conditions.
Rapid, Sample-to-Answer Host Gene Expression Test to Diagnose Viral Infection
Authors: Tsalik Ephraim L , Khine Ayeaye , Talebpour Abdossamad , Samiei Alaleh , Parmar Vilcy , Burke Thomas W , Mcclain Micah T , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Woods Christopher W , Henao Ricardo , Alavie Tino
Published: October 2019

Objective

Distinguishing bacterial, viral, or other etiologies of acute illness is diagnostically challenging with significant implications for appropriate antimicrobial use. Host gene expression offers a promising approach, although no clinically useful test has been developed yet to accomplish this. Here, Qvella’s FAST HR (Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada) process was developed to quantify previously identified host gene expression signatures in whole blood in <45 minutes.

Method

Whole blood was collected from 128 human subjects (mean age 47, range 18–88) with clinically adjudicated, microbiologically confirmed viral infection, bacterial infection, noninfectious illness, or healthy controls. Stabilized mRNA was released from cleaned and stabilized RNA-surfactant complexes using e-lysis, an electrical process providing a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-ready sample. Threshold cycle values (CT) for 10 host response targets were normalized to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 expression, a control mRNA. The transcripts in the signature were specifically chosen to discriminate viral from nonviral infection (bacterial, noninfectious illness, or healthy). Classification accuracy was determined using cross-validated sparse logistic regression.

Results

Reproducibility of mRNA quantification was within 1 cycle as compared to the difference seen between subjects with viral versus nonviral infection (up to 5.0 normalized CT difference). Classification of 128 subjects into viral or nonviral etiologies demonstrated 90.6% overall accuracy compared to 82.0% for procalcitonin (P = .06). FAST HR achieved rapid and accurate measurement of the host response to viral infection in less than 45 minutes.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the ability to translate host gene expression signatures to clinical platforms for use in patients with suspected infection.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT00258869.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Radiomic Analysis of Radiofrequency Lesion Predicts Outcomes After Percutaneous Cordotomy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Hassan Islam , Kotrotsou Aikaterini , Hassan Ahmed , Zinn Pascal O , Viswanathan Ashwin , Colen Rivka R
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

To date, there is limited data on evaluation of the cordotomy lesion and predicting clinical outcome.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomic analysis to quantify microstructural changes created by the cordotomy lesion and predict outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain.

METHODS

This is a retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data in 10 patients (5 males, age range 43-76 yr) who underwent percutaneous computed tomography-guided high cervical cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain between 2015 and 2016. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cordotomy lesion on postoperative day 1. After segmentation of T2-weighted images, 310 radiomic features were extracted. Pain outcomes were recorded on postoperative day 1 and day 7 using the visual analog scale. R software was used to build statistical models based on MRI radiomic features for prediction of pain outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 20 relevant radiomic features were identified using the maximum relevance minimum redundanc method. Radiomics predicted postoperative day 1 pain scores with an accuracy of 90% (P = .046), 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. The radiomics model also predicted if the postoperative day 1 pain score was sustained on postoperative day 7 with an accuracy of 100% (P = .028), 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% positive and negative predictive value.

CONCLUSION

MR-based radiomic analysis of the cordotomy lesion was predictive of pain outcomes at 1 wk after percutaneous cordotomy for intractable cancer pain.
The paradox of water pricing: dichotomies, dilemmas, and decisions
Authors: Grafton R Quentin , Chu Long , Wyrwoll Paul
Published: October 2019

We deliver a public policy perspective on the dichotomies, dilemmas, and decisions of water pricing. First, the dichotomies between price and value, and costs, are defined to explain the paradox of water pricing: the price of water almost never equals its value and rarely covers its cost. Second, the dilemmas of water pricing are highlighted across efficiency and equity, objectives for water pricing, and the instruments available to decision-makers. Third, the challenges of decision-making are evaluated and illustrated in relation to water pricing. Fourth, an adaptive process is provided that includes participatory assessment of risks and options to guide water-pricing decision-making.
A new off-point-less observing method for millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy with a frequency-modulating local oscillator
Authors: Taniguchi Akio , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Takahashi Shigeru , Horigome Osamu , Maekawa Jun , Sakai Takeshi , Kuno Nario , Minamidani Tetsuhiro
Published: October 2019

We propose a new observing method for single-dish millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy using a heterodyne receiver equipped with a frequency-modulating local oscillator (FMLO). Unlike conventional switching methods, which extract astronomical signals by subtracting the reference spectra of off-sources from those of on-sources, the FMLO method does not need to obtain any off-source spectra; rather, it estimates them from the on-source spectra themselves. The principle uses high-dump-rate (10 Hz) spectroscopy with radio frequency modulation achieved by fast sweeping of a local oscillator of a heterodyne receiver. Because sky emission (i.e., off-source) fluctuates as $1/f$ and is spectrally correlated, it can be estimated and subtracted from time series spectra (a timestream) by principal component analysis. Meanwhile, astronomical signals remain in the timestream since they are modulated to a higher time-frequency domain. The FMLO method therefore achieves (1) a remarkably high observation efficiency, (2) reduced spectral baseline wiggles, and (3) software-based sideband separation. We developed an FMLO system for the Nobeyama $45\:$m telescope and a data reduction procedure for it. Frequency modulation was realized by a tunable and programmable first local oscillator. With observations of Galactic sources, we demonstrate that the observation efficiency of the FMLO method is dramatically improved compared to conventional switching methods. Specifically, we find that the time to achieve the same noise level is reduced by a factor of 3.0 in single-pointed observations and by a factor of 1.2 in mapping observations. The FMLO method can be applied to observations of fainter ($\sim$mK) spectral lines and larger ($\sim$deg$^{2}$) mapping. It offers much more efficient and baseline-stable observations compared to conventional switching methods.
Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes
Authors: Wang J , Chen G
Published: October 2019

Background

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exposure has been associated with toxic hepatitis, and no clinical treatment has been reported.

Aim

To investigate the clinical manifestations of DMAc-induced symptoms and how to rescue the functional loss due to occupational exposure.

Design

Clinical observations of 60 spandex factory workers with the exposure to DMAc from January, 2017–19.

Methods

Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine, glycyrrhizin compound, Hugan tablets and ornithine aspartate) were used to evaluate the therapeutic improvements in DMAc-exposed patients.

Results

Our data found that 58.3% patients had no distinct clinical symptoms, but 41.7% patients felt fatigue, and 21.7% patients suffered abdominal discomfort and appetite loss, and 8.3% patients had yellow skin and sclera. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed that some patients have fatty livers, intrahepatic calcifications, hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall edema and abdominal effusions. Biochemical analysis showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001) and bilirubin (P < 0.01) statistically decreased after the drug treatment, but alkaline phosphatase (P >0.05) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P> 0.05) did not decrease. Twenty-nine out of the thirty-one patients’ abnormal blood ammonia recovered. The risk factor of ALT on hospitalization time was significantly related (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The drugs above are sufficient to rescue functional loss in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis, in part via the regulations of ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and ammonia. Workers with the exposure to DMAc should receive specific drugs to maintain the health and prevent functional loss in the long term.
Health-care professionals’ perceptions of interacting with patients of South Asian origin attending early inflammatory arthritis clinics
Authors: Kumar Kanta , Stack Rebecca J , Adebajo Ade , Adams Jo
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aim was to explore the perceptions of rheumatology health-care professionals (HCPs) of interacting with patients of South Asian origin attending early inflammatory arthritis clinics.

Methods

We used face-to-face semi-structured interviews, designed in partnership with a clinician partner, to interview 10 HCPs involved in the running of early inflammatory arthritis clinics across seven centres in the UK. Data were recorded, transcribed by an independent company and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three emerging themes were identified that characterized consulting experiences of HCPs: varied approaches were used in early inflammatory arthritis clinic; the challenges for rheumatology HCPs in managing and delivering information to patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics; and moving towards good practice, the views on managing future patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics. Overall, HCPs found that they required additional skills to support the engagement and management for patients of South Asian origin living with inflammatory arthritis. The HCPs felt that they were less effective in addressing self-management issues for this patient group, and they found it difficult to determine adherence to medication. In such consultations, HCPs perceived that their own limitation of inadequate training contributed towards poor consultations.

Conclusion

For the first time, our data demonstrate that the management of patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics is under-served. To address this, HCPs have identified training needs to improve knowledge and skills in engaging with and supporting patients of South Asian origin. These findings provide a good direction for future research.
Effect of magnesium ions/Type I collagen promote the biological behavior of osteoblasts and its mechanism
Authors: Nie Xiaojing , Sun Xirao , Wang Chengyue , Yang Jingxin
Published: October 2019

Type I collagen (Col I) is a main component of extracellular matrix (ECM). Its safety, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and pyrogen immunogenicity make it suitable for tissues engineering applications. Mg2+ also control a myriad of cellular processes, including the bone development by enhancing the attachment and differentiation of osteoblasts and accelerating mineralization to enhance bone healing. In our studies, Mg2+ bind collagen to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through the expression of integrins and downstream signaling pathways. In order to clarify the biological behavior effect of 10 mM Mg2+/Col I coating, we performed 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Alizarin red staining and Rhodamine B-isothiocyanate (RITC)-labeled phalloidin experiments and found that 10 mM Mg2+ group, Col I-coating group, 10 mM Mg2+/Col I-coating group, respectively, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, especially 10 mM Mg2+/Col I-coating group. We detected the mRNA expression of osteogenic-related genes (Runx2, ALP and OCN, OPN and BMP-2) and the protein expression of signaling pathway (integrin α2, integrin β1, FAK and ERK1/2), these results indicated that 10 mM Mg2+/Col I coating play an critical role in up-regulating the MC3T3-E1 cells activity. The potential mechanisms of this specific performance may be through activating via integrin α2β1-FAK-ERK1/2 protein-coupled receptor pathway.
Resveratrol-loaded peptide-hydrogels inhibit scar formation in wound healing through suppressing inflammation
Authors: Zhao Chen-Chen , Zhu Lian , Wu Zheng , Yang Rui , Xu Na , Liang Liang
Published: October 2019

Scar formation seriously affects the repair of damaged skin especially in adults and the excessive inflammation has been considered as the reason. The self-assembled peptide-hydrogels are ideal biomaterials for skin wound healing due to their similar nanostructure to natural extracellular matrix, hydration environment and serving as drug delivery systems. In our study, resveratrol, a polyphenol compound with anti-inflammatory effect, is loaded into peptide-hydrogel (Fmoc-FFGGRGD) to form a wound dressing (Pep/RES). Resveratrol is slowly released from the hydrogel in situ, and the release amount is controlled by the loading amount. The in vitro cell experiments demonstrate that the Pep/RES has no cytotoxicity and can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of macrophages. The Pep/RES hydrogels are used as wound dressings in rat skin damage model. The results suggest that the Pep/RES dressing can accelerate wound healing rate, exhibit well-organized collagen deposition, reduce inflammation and eventually prevent scar formation. The Pep/RES hydrogels supply a potential product to develop new skin wound dressings for the therapy of skin damage.
Dividend Payouts and Rollover Crises
Authors: Juelsrud Ragnar E , Nenov Plamen T
Published: October 2019

We study dividend payouts when banks face coordination-based rollover crises. Banks in the model can use dividends to both risk shift and signal their available liquidity to short-term lenders, thus, influencing the lenders’ actions. In the unique equilibrium both channels induce banks to pay higher dividends than in the absence of a rollover crisis. In our model banks exert an informational externality on other banks via the inferences and actions of lenders. Optimal dividend regulation that corrects this externality and promote financial stability includes a binding cap on dividends. We also discuss testable implications of our theory.

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Should I Stay or Should I Grow? Using Voluntary Disclosure to Elicit Market Feedback
Authors: Jayaraman Sudarshan , Shuang Wu Joanna
Published: October 2019

We explore the use of voluntary disclosure by managers to solicit market feedback. Using managerial capital expenditure forecasts, we find that managers adjust annual capital expenditures upward (downward) in response to positive (negative) stock market reactions to capital expenditure forecasts, but only for those forecast announcements that stimulate rather than discourage informed trading. These capex adjustments motivated by market feedback correlate with higher future performance and are stronger (weaker) when outsiders (managers) are more informed. Finally, we show that managers are more likely to issue and learn from capex forecasts when predisclosure stock prices are affected by transitory nonfundamental shocks.
Lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 correlate with the severity of idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Wang Yukai , Chen Shaoqi , Lin Jianqun , Xie Xuezhen , Hu Shijian , Lin Qisheng , Zheng Kedi , Du Guangzhou , Huang Xiufeng , Zhang Guohong , Gargani Luna , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Furst Daniel E
Published: October 2019

Objective

Idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound B-lines and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) are identified as new sonographic and serum markers of ILD, respectively. The aim of our work was to assess the role of B-lines and KL-6 as markers of the severity of IIM-ILD. For this purpose, the correlation among B-lines score, serum KL-6 levels, high-resolution CT (HRCT) score, and pulmonary function tests were investigated in IIM-ILD patients.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients with IIM-ILD underwent chest HRCT scans, lung ultrasound and pulmonary function tests (independently performed within 1 week) examination. To assess severity and extent of ILD at HRCT, the Warrick score was used. The B-lines score denoting the extension of ILD was calculated by summing the number of B-lines on a total of 50 scanning sites. Serum KL-6 levels (U/ml) was measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.

Results

A significant correlation was found between the B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), and between the Warrick score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.45, P < 0.01). A positive correlation between B-lines score and the Warrick score (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) was also confirmed. Both B-lines score and KL-6 levels inversely correlated to diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = −0.77, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.42, P < 0.05, respectively) and total lung capacity (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.36, P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, B-lines correlated inversely with forced vital capacity (r = −0.73, P < 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = −0.69, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels correlate with HRCT findings and pulmonary function tests, supporting their use as measures of IIM-ILD severity.
Contemplative Practices for Self-Care in the Social Work Classroom
Authors: Warren Sherry , Chappell Deckert Jennifer
Published: October 2019

Social work educators prepare students for the demands of the profession by teaching them the skills, knowledge, and values graduates will use in their work with various clients within the context of varied practice settings. It is crucial that we pair these educational objectives with techniques to take care of themselves as they experience the emotional, psychological, and physically taxing work of being with people whose life circumstances carry trauma, grief, and stress. This article illustrates how contemplative practices in the social work classroom can facilitate self-care during and after the intensity of formal education and better prepare students for wellness in professional settings after they graduate. Specific examples of three contemplative practices used in the authors’ classrooms are provided as is an illustration of student reactions to these practices. Precautions and safety considerations associated with intense personal reflection are referenced and resources for instructors and practitioners are cited.
Sustained virologic response and changes in liver fibrosis parameters following 12-wk administration of generic sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with HCV genotype 4 infection
Authors: Cordie Ahmed , Elsharkawy Aisha , Abdel Alem Shereen , Meshaal Safa , El Akel Wafaa , Abdellatif Zeinab , Kamal Walid , Al Askalany Mahmoud , Kamel Sherif , Abdel Aziz Hossam , Kandeel Amr , Esmat Gamal
Published: October 2019

Background

Novel direct-acting antiviral agents have shown great efficacy and tolerability in HCV-monoinfected patients. However, data are lacking regarding their efficacy and safety in HIV/HCV-genotype (GT) 4-coinfected patients.

Methods

A single-centre, prospective study including HIV/HCV-GT 4-coinfected patients who were treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was conducted for 12 wk. Sustained virological response (SVR) at week 12 post-treatment (SVR12), adverse events (AEs) and changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at SVR12 in comparison with baseline were evaluated.

Results

SVR12 was achieved in 46 of 50 patients (92%). No significant difference in SVR12 was noticed among patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens compared with those who did not receive ART regimens or between those with insignificant fibrosis (<F2) and those with significant fibrosis (≥F2) (p=0.9 and p=0.3, respectively). AEs occurred in 45 (90%) patients. The most frequent AEs were fatigue, headache and nausea. No treatment-related serious AEs or deaths were reported. HIV control was not compromised. LSM, fibrosis 4 score and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index showed a significant decrease at SVR12 when compared with baseline (p=0.0004, p=0.0003 and p<0.0001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed no association between baseline variables and SVR12 while significant fibrosis (≥F2) was the only baseline variable that was significantly associated with improvement of LSM at SVR12.

Conclusion

SOF/DCV achieved a high SVR12 and was well-tolerated in HIV/HCV-GT 4-coinfected patients.
Neutrophil‐derived advanced glycation end products‐Nε‐(carboxymethyl) lysine promotes RIP3‐mediated myocardial necroptosis via RAGE and exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Yang Ji'e , Zhang Feng , Shi Huairui , Gao Yang , Dong Zhen , Ma Leilei , Sun Xiaolei , Li Xiao , Chang Suchi , Wang Zeng , Qu Yanan , Li Hua , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo
Published: October 2019

Nε‐(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), the major member of advanced glycation end products, was widely studied in diabetic complications and aging‐associated diseases. However, the impact of CML on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) was rarely reported. In the present study, CML was increased in both patients with acute myocardial infarction (53.4 ± 7.8 vs. 28.1 ± 4.4 ng; P = 0.017), and mice underwent MI/RI (16.4 61.4 vs. 10.8 ± 0.9 ng; P = 0.006). Depletion of neutrophils reduced CML (17.8 ± 1.0 vs. 9.9 ± 0.3 ng; P < 0.001), indicating neutrophils were the major cells contributing to CML formation during MI/RI. CML treatment exacerbated MI/RI by elevating myocardial injury marker (274.3 ± 18.0 vs. 477.2 ± 34.3 pg P < 0.001), enlarging myocardial infarct size (32.9 ± 3.6 vs. 45.2 ± 3.8%; P = 0.03), increasing myocardial fibrosis (17.5 ± 1.6 vs. 29.7 ± 2.2%; P < 0.001) and impairing cardiac function (59.4 ± 2.4% vs. 46.0 ± 1.3%; P = 0.001). Further study revealed that CML increased the phosphorylation of receptor interacting protein (RIP) 3, an important initiator of necroptosis, and its downstream proteins. Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) deficiency effectively blocked RIP3 phosphorylation induced by CML and rescued CML‐mediated MI/RI, indicating CML promoted RIP3‐mediated necroptosis through RAGE. In addition, glyoxalase‐1 overexpression could effectively attenuate MI/RI by reducing CML formation, providing a potential therapeutic target for MI/RI.—Yang, J., Zhang, F., Shi, H., Gao, Y., Dong, Z., Ma, L., Sun, X., Li, X., Chang, S., Wang, Z., Qu, Y., Li, H., Hu, K., Sun, A., Ge, J. Neutrophil‐derived advanced glycation end products‐Nε‐(carboxymethyl) lysine promotes RIP3‐mediated myocardial necroptosis via RAGE and exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. FASEB J. 33, 14410‐14422 (2019). www.fasebj.org
A Novel Patient-Specific Model for Predicting Severe Oliguria; Development and Comparison With Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Classification
Authors: Howitt Samuel H. , Oakley Jordan , Caiado Camila , Goldstein Michael , Malagon Ignacio , McCollum Charles , Grant Stuart W.
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criteria for acute kidney injury lack specificity for identifying patients at risk of adverse renal outcomes. The objective was to develop a model that analyses hourly urine output values in real time to identify those at risk of developing severe oliguria.

Design:

This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing prospectively collected data.

Setting:

A cardiac ICU in the United Kingdom.

Patients:

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2013 and November 2017.

Interventions:

None.

Measurement and Main Results:

Patients were randomly assigned to development (n = 981) and validation (n = 2,389) datasets. A patient-specific, dynamic Bayesian model was developed to predict future urine output on an hourly basis. Model discrimination and calibration for predicting severe oliguria (< 0.3 mL/kg/hr for 6 hr) occurring within the next 12 hours were tested in the validation dataset at multiple time points. Patients with a high risk of severe oliguria (p > 0.8) were identified and their outcomes were compared with those for low-risk patients and for patients who met the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion for acute kidney injury. Model discrimination was excellent at all time points (area under the curve > 0.9 for all). Calibration of the model’s predictions was also excellent. After adjustment using multivariable logistic regression, patients in the high-risk group were more likely to require renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 10.4; 95% CI, 5.9–18.1), suffer prolonged hospital stay (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% CI, 3.0–6.4), and die in hospital (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.8–14.0) (p < 0.001 for all). Outcomes for those identified as high risk by the model were significantly worse than for patients who met the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion.

Conclusions:

This novel, patient-specific model identifies patients at increased risk of severe oliguria. Classification according to model predictions outperformed the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criterion. As the new model identifies patients at risk before severe oliguria develops it could potentially facilitate intervention to improve patient outcomes.