bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbance impaired memory consolidation via lateralized disruption of metabolite in the thalamus and hippocampus: A cross-sectional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Fan Xiaowei , Mao Xin , Yu Ping , Han Ding , Chen Chuxin , Wang Hongqi , Zhang Xinyi , Liu Siyu , Chen Weijing , Chen Ziyan , Du Xiaoqiang , Jin Liangyun , Song Yizhi , Li Hui , Zhang Ning , Wu Yan , Chang Lirong , Wang Chunxue
Published: November 2024

Background

Memory consolidation in sleep-dependent individuals involves the circuitry connections of cortex, thalamus and hippocampus, regulating via neural metabolites. However, the disruption of metabolic pattern in thalamus and hippocampus remains unclear.

Objective

We aim to explore the disruptive effects of insomnia on the metabolites during memory consolidation, particularly the underlying neurometabolic mechanisms in comorbidity of failed memory consolidation.

Methods

This study integrates clinical research with animal experiment. In clinical research, 49 participants were divided into four groups: healthy controls (HC, n = 11), insomnia with normal cognition (IS, n = 14), mild cognitive impairment without insomnia (MCI, n = 10), and insomnia with mild cognitive impairment (IS-MCI, n = 14). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to evaluate the neural γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate–glutamine (Glx) in bilateral thalamus. In experimental studies, the rat model of sleep deprivation combined with amyloid-β (Aβ) injection was established, after behavior testing, the levels of Glx, choline (Cho) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the bilateral hippocampus were evaluated with MRS.

Results

The patients in the IS-MCI group exhibited significantly lower GABA level than IS, MCI and HC groups. Results from rat studies showed that sleep deprivation exacerbated asymmetric alterations in Aβ-induced bilateral hippocampal metabolite abnormalities, which correlated with cognition. These neuro-metabolite disruption accompanied with synaptic loss and activation of astrocytes.

Conclusions

The lateralized decrease in GABA levels of thalamus and NAA, Cho, and Glx levels of hippocampus under conditions of sleep disturbance with cognitive decline may provide evidence for the neural metabolic mechanisms underlying the disruption of memory consolidation.
Identification and cognitive function prediction of Alzheimer's disease based on multivariate pattern analysis of hippocampal volumes
Authors: Gao Ziwen , Zhu Wanqiu , Li Yuqing , Ye Wei , Chen Xiao , Zhou Shanshan , Li Xiaohu , Li Xiaoshu , Yu Yongqiang ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with slowly progressive hippocampal atrophy. Elucidating the relationships between local morphometric changes and disease status for early diagnosis could be aided by machine learning algorithms trained on neuroimaging datasets.

Objective

This study intended to propose machine learning models for the accurate identification and cognitive function prediction across the AD severity spectrum based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) of the bilateral hippocampi.

Methods

The high-resolution sMRI data of 120 AD dementia patients, 232 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, and 206 healthy controls (HCs) were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The classification capacity and cognitive predict ability of hippocampal volume was evaluated by multiple pattern analysis using the support vector machine (SVM) and relevance vector regression (RVR) application of the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging Toolbox, separately. For validation, the analyses were performed using a biomarker-based regrouping method and another independent local dataset.

Results

The SVM application produced a total accuracy of 94.17%, 80.85%, and 70.74% and area under receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.97, 0.87, and 0.72 between HC versus AD dementia, HC versus aMCI, and aMCI versus AD dementia classification, respectively. The RVR application significantly predicted the baseline and mean cognitive function at three years of follow-up. Qualitatively consistent results were obtained using different regrouping method and the local dataset.

Conclusions

The machine learning methods based on the bilateral hippocampi distinguished across the AD severity spectrum and predicted the baseline and the longitudinal cognitive function with greater accuracy.
Insights on therapeutic approaches of natural anti-Alzheimer's agents in the management of Alzheimer's disease: A future perspective
Authors: Mahajan Kalpesh , Sharma Sanjay , Gautam Rupesh K , Goyal Rajat , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Singla Rajeev K
Published: November 2024

In the current scenario, Alzheimer's disease is a complex, challenging, and arduous health issue, and its prevalence, together with comorbidities, is accelerating around the universe. Alzheimer's disease is becoming a primary concern that significantly impacts an individual's status in life. The traditional treatment of Alzheimer's disease includes some synthetic drugs, which have numerous dangerous side effects, a high risk of recurrence, lower bioavailability, and limited treatment. Hence, the current article is a detailed study and review of all known information on plant-derived compounds as natural anti-Alzheimer's agents, including their biological sources, active phytochemical ingredients, and a possible mode of action. With the help of a scientific data search engine, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), Science Direct, and Google Scholar, analysis from 2001 to 2024 has been completed. This article also described clinical studies on phytoconstituents used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Plant-derived compounds offer promising alternatives to synthetic drugs in treating Alzheimer's disease, with the potential for improving cognitive function and slowing down the progression of the disease. Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully explore their therapeutic potential and develop effective strategies for managing this complex condition.
Detection of molecular markers of ferroptosis in human Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Mayr Emily , Rotter Jonas , Kuhrt Heidrun , Winter Karsten , Stassart Ruth Martha , Streit Wolfgang J , Bechmann Ingo
Published: November 2024

Background

We have previously shown that droplet degeneration (DD) signifies the beginning of neuritic plaque formation during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. As microglia associated with neuritic plaques exhibited strong ferritin expression and Perl's iron staining showed iron in microglia, droplet spheres and neuritic plaque cores, we hypothesized that DD is a form of ferroptosis.

Objective

Detection of molecular markers of ferroptosis in AD brains.

Methods

Immunohistochemical detection of transferrin receptor (TfR) and ferritin as ferroptosis markers in prefrontal cortex of AD brains, investigation of spatial correlation of these with histopathological hallmarks of AD, visualization of ferroptotic marker genes by in situ hybridization, comparison of expression of ferroptosis genes with snRNAseq analyses and comparison of TfR and ferritin expression in different neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) stages.

Results

TfR was found on neurons that appeared to be degenerating and exhibited typical features of droplet degeneration. Co-localization with hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) was a rare event. TfR-positive neurons increased with higher NFT stages as did ferritin expression in microglia. mRNA of genes linked to ferroptosis was detected in pretangles and p-tau negative neurons, less in DD. snRNAseq analyses support a link between AD, ferroptosis and TfR as a ferroptosis marker.

Conclusions

Increased expression of TfR and ferritin in high NFT stages, demonstration of ferroptotic marker genes in Alzheimer's lesions, as well as snRNAseq analyses strengthen our hypothesis that DD represents ferroptosis. Because of the morphological similarity between TfR-positive structures and DD, TfR might be an early ferroptosis marker expressed transiently during AD pathogenesis.
Investigating interleukin-8 in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review
Authors: Righi Delia , Manco Carlo , Pardini Matteo , Stufano Angela , Schino Valentina , Pelagotti Virginia , Massa Federico , Stefano Nicola De , Plantone Domenico
Published: November 2024

Several studies indicate that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has strong interactions with immune mechanisms within the brain, indicating a close association between inflammation in the central nervous system and the progression of neurodegeneration. Despite considerable progress in understanding the inflammatory aspects of AD, several of them remain unresolved. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia are pivotal components in the inflammatory cascade. Among these, the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in neurodegeneration seems complex and multifaceted, involving inflammation, neurotoxicity, blood-brain barrier disruption, and oxidative stress, and is still poorly characterized. We conducted a review to describe the evidence of IL-8 involvement in AD. IL-8 is a cytokine known for its proinflammatory properties and typically produced by macrophages, predominantly functions as a chemotactic signal for attracting neutrophils to inflamed sites in the bloodstream. Interestingly, IL-8 is also present in the brain, where it is primarily released by microglia in response to inflammatory signals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of IL-8 relevant to AD pathology.
Associations of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric patterns with brain structural biomarkers and dementia risk: A latent class analysis
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Liao Yingqi , Yan Yifan , Kan Cheuk Ni , Zhou Yi , Fang Shenghao , Huang Jingkai , Hilal Saima , Chen Christopher LH , Xu Xin
Published: November 2024

Background

Neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are essential clinical manifestations of age-related cognitive impairment, yet their patterns of co-existence remain unclear through the cognitive continuum.

Objective

To examine the associations of person-centered cluster-derived patterns, based on a comprehensive collection of domain-specific cognitive and neuropsychiatric assessments, with neuroimaging markers and dementia risk.

Methods

641 participants were included in the analysis from memory clinics in Singapore. Latent class analysis was applied to define clusters of individuals with different clinical patterns. The associations between identified clinical groups with neuroimaging markers of cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegeneration were analyzed using logistic regression models. Cox proportional hazard models were applied for incident dementia.

Results

Three latent classes differing in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment were identified (Class 1 “memory impairment only”; Class 2 “global cognitive impairment”; Class 3 “global cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment”). Compared with Class 1, Class 2 and 3 were associated with smaller brain volumes, moderate-to-severe cortical atrophy and medial temporal lobe atrophy, and the presence of all cerebrovascular lesions. Moreover, compared with Class 2, Class 3 had smaller brain volumes, moderate-to-severe cortical atrophy and presence of intracranial stenosis. Additionally, compared to Class 1, Class 2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.84, 95%CI 2.11–7.00), and Class 3 (HR = 6.92, 95%CI 2.84–16.83) showed an increased risk of incident dementia.

Conclusions

Participants characterized by multi-domain cognitive impairment and co-occurrence of cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairment showed the highest risk of incident dementia, which may be attributed to both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies.
Dynamic light scattering of the eye in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Weiss Jeffrey N
Published: November 2024

The early detection of Alzheimer's disease, before symptoms have appeared, is integral to the development of effective treatments. Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy measures the Brownian movement of proteins at the molecular level. This technique may facilitate early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and the discovery of pharmaceuticals that may prevent symptom development.
Operative versus non-operative treatment for non-displaced Lisfranc injuries: A two-center randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ponkilainen Ville , Mäenpää Heikki , Laine Heikki-Jussi , Partio Nikke , Väistö Olli , Jousmäki Janne , Mattila Ville M. , Haapasalo Heidi
Published: November 2024

Background and aims:

There is no consensus on which Lisfranc injuries can be treated non-operatively. The aim of the study was to compare non-operative treatment and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of non-displaced Lisfranc injuries.

Materials and methods:

This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at two hospitals in Finland between 19 March 2012, and 20 December 2022, with a target sample size of 60 patients. The primary outcome was Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS-FA) at 2 years. The secondary outcomes included VAS-FA pain, function, and other complaints subscales and the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale. All outcomes were measured at 6 months, 1 and 2 years.

Results:

Altogether 27 patients with computed tomography (CT)-confirmed non-displaced Lisfranc injuries were enrolled in this trial resulting in an underpowered trial. In patients with non-displaced Lisfranc injuries, the mean VAS-FA overall score in the non-operative group was 96.1 [confidence interval (CI): 91.5–100] and 91.8 [86.9–96.7] in the ORIF group at 2 years with no statistically significant difference between the groups (mean between-group difference (MD) 4.3 [CI, −2.4 to 11], Cohen’s d = 0.706) in this underpowered RCT.

Conclusion:

There was no difference in VAS-FA between non-operative and ORIF in patients with non-displaced Lisfranc injuries, but the trial is underpowered to draw robust conclusions.
Exploring the influence cognizance on academic performance in adult literacy initiatives
Authors: El Meniari Abdelilah , Ait Ali Driss , Rami Younes , Arif Laila , Yildirim Murat , Szarpak Lukasz , Saidi Mimoune , El Ghouat Hanane , Makkaoui Mohamed , Rizzo Amelia , Chiricco Francesco , Khabbache Hicham
Published: November 2024

Cognizance, or the self-awareness individuals have of their cognitive processes, is a critical factor in adult learning and literacy, which are fundamental for personal and social development. This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of the instrument used and investigate how cognizance affects the academic achievement of new learners in literacy programs in Morocco. The research included 560 male and female learners, who were assessed using a cognizance scale designed for novice learners. The results showed significant correlations between cognizance and academic performance among these learners, indicating their ability to continue learning independently despite facing new challenges in learning to read, write, and do mathematics. This suggests that learners can overcome challenges through self-representation, self-regulation, self-adaptation, and understanding their abilities. This study has implications for improving education and developing programs to enhance cognizance and adult learning, as well as strategies to combat illiteracy. It also aims to deepen human understanding and enrich societies with knowledge and culture.
Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Sensitivity in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using CT-Based Radiomics Combined With Clinical Features
Authors: Li Xindi , Dong Jigang , Li Baosheng , Aimei Ouyang , Sun Yahong , Wu Xia , Liu Wenjuan , Li Ruobing , Li Zhongyuan , Yang Yu
Published: November 2024

Background: For patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the current standard treatment is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) plus radical surgery. Objective: This study aimed to establish a predictive model, based on computed tomography (CT) radiomics features and clinical parameters, to predict sensitivity to nCRT in patients with ESCC pre-treatment. The goal was to provide risk stratification and decision-making recommendations for clinical treatments and offer more valuable information for developing personalized therapies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 102 patients diagnosed with ESCC through biopsy who underwent nCRT. To select radiomics features, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. A combined model was constructed, integrating the selected clinically relevant parameters with the Rad-Score. To assess the performance of this combined model, we utilized calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Nine optimal radiomics features were selected using the LASSO algorithm. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier was identified as having the best predictive performance. The area under the curve (AUC) of the SVM training group was 0.937 (95% CI: 0.856-1.000), and of the validation group was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.679-0.983). Smoking and alcohol history, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio, and carcinoembryonic antigen and fibrinogen levels were independent predictors of sensitivity to nCRT in patients with ESCC. The AUCs of the combined model for the training and validation groups were 0.870 (95% CI: 0.774-0.964) and 0.821 (95% CI: 0.669-0.972), respectively. The calibration curve showed that the nomogram’s predictions were close to the actual clinical observations, indicating that the model exhibited good predictive performance. Conclusion: Our combined model based on Rad-Score and clinical characteristics showed high predictive performance for predicting sensitivity to nCRT in patients with ESCC. It may be useful for predicting treatment effects in clinical practice and demonstrates the significant potential of radiomics in predicting and optimizing treatment decisions.
Deaf, deaf-blind, and hard of hearing needs and perceptions of community pharmacy services
Authors: Lim Timothy , Tsai Mel , Reyes Alecz , Kapanen Anita , D’Amato Felicia
Published: November 2024

Background:

Deaf, deaf-blind, and hard of hearing (D/DB/HOH) individuals face communication challenges affecting their health, which can lead to medication errors. Pharmacists can mitigate medication-related errors for D/DB/HOH individuals, but there is a lack of evidence-based best practices. This study explored the experiences of D/DB/HOH people at a community pharmacy and offered practical solutions to improve pharmaceutical care for D/DB/HOH individuals.

Methods:

A qualitative study consisting of 5 focus group discussions occurred. Focus groups were formed based on participants’ ability to use sign language, their hearing ability, and their age.

Results:

Nineteen participants completed the study (8 HOH adults, 2 HOH seniors, 1 deaf-blind adult, 4 deaf adults, and 4 deaf seniors). Communication barriers depended on one’s hearing ability but included factors such as assuming one can hear, environmental noises around the pharmacy, pharmacists not knowing American Sign Language, and assuming individuals are proficient at reading English. Focus group participants shared the potential and actual impacts that communication barriers can have on health. Strategies to improve communication between hearing pharmacists and D/DB/HOH individuals are discussed.

Discussion:

This is the first study in Canada exploring D/DB/HOH individuals’ experiences at community pharmacies. Focus groups were effective at revealing the similarities and differences in pharmacy experience between D/DB/HOH folks, calling attention to access barriers and their impacts on health, and highlighting ways to better meet the needs of D/DB/HOH individuals.

Conclusion:

Communication barriers result in a lack of understanding of one’s medications. Pharmacists should ask about communication preferences and aim to reduce communication barriers for those who are D/DB/HOH.
Caring leadership practices in Chilean educational communities: Perceptions of school principals and teachers
Authors: Carrasco Andrea , Montoya Claudio
Published: November 2024

Caring leadership has emerged as an approach that can help strengthen school leadership practices to promote the cognitive and social-emotional development of the school community. Therefore, our goal is to study the differences between how school principals perceive their practices to promote the development of a school culture of care and teachers’ perceptions of those same practices. For this purpose, the Caring School Leadership Questionnaire (CSLQ) by author Van Der Vyver (2014), was translated and validated statistically and subsequently applied to 332 school principals and 333 teachers in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The results of the questionnaire reveal different perceptions among the two types of actors, varying across each dimension. Most differences are seen around the practices related to psychological well-being, with fewer noticeable differences in relation to practices associated with the workplace.
The interplay between dysregulated metabolites and signaling pathway alterations involved in osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Aziz Atiqah , Ganesan Nathan Kavitha , Kamarul Tunku , Mobasheri Ali , Sharifi Alimohammad
Published: November 2024

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that poses a significant global healthcare challenge due to its complexity and limited treatment options. Advances in metabolomics have provided insights into OA by identifying dysregulated metabolites and their connection to altered signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive understanding of these biomarkers in OA is still required.

Objectives:

This systematic review aims to identify metabolomics biomarkers associated with dysregulated signaling pathways in OA, using data from various biological samples, including in vitro models, animal studies, and human research.

Design:

A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data sources and methods:

Data were gathered from literature published between August 2017 and May 2024, using databases such as “PubMed,” “Scopus,” “Web of Science,” and “Google Scholar.” Studies were selected based on keywords like “metabolomics,” “osteoarthritis,” “amino acids,” “molecular markers,” “biomarkers,” “diagnostic markers,” “inflammatory cytokines,” “molecular signaling,” and “signal transduction.” The review focused on identifying key metabolites and their roles in OA-related pathways. Limitations include the potential exclusion of studies due to keyword selection and strict inclusion criteria.

Results:

The meta-analysis identified dysregulated metabolites and associated pathways, highlighting a distinct set of related metabolites consistently altered across the studies analyzed. The dysregulated metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, were found to play critical roles in inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism in OA. Metabolites such as alanine, lysine, and proline were frequently linked to pathways involved in inflammation, cartilage degradation, and apoptosis. Key pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, and mammalian target of rapamycin, were associated with changes in metabolite levels, particularly in proinflammatory lipids and energy-related compounds.

Conclusion:

This review reveals a complex interplay between dysregulated metabolites and signaling pathways in OA, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms driving these changes and their implications for OA treatment.
Does Policy Translate into Equity? The Association between Universal Advanced Placement Access, Student Enrollment, and Outcomes
Authors: Parra-Martinez Andy , Djita Rian Rinaldi , Wai Jonathan , McKenzie Sarah
Published: November 2024

Participating in advanced placement (AP) can improve high school students’ cognitive and noncognitive outcomes. Despite nationwide efforts, including Arkansas's mandate for statewide AP access since 2003 and exam cost coverage since 2005, disparities in enrollment persist. Using multilevel modeling, we investigate the relation between student/school factors influencing AP enrollment and success. Female versus male (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68), Asian American versus White (OR = 1.90), identified-as-gifted (GT) versus nonidentified as gifted (OR = 1.58) had the highest enrollment odds. Students in the Free and Reduced Lunch program, English Language Learners, and Special education students face pronounced underrepresentation (OR = 0.62; 0.76; 0.10 respectively) to ever enroll in an AP class. Despite universal access across schools, AP enrollment is explained by school factors (proportion of FRL, GT, and student diversity). Our findings have implications to understand the critical intersectionality of student identities—socioeconomic status, language proficiency, and special education needs—influencing AP enrollment despite universal access.
Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Carapa procera, Trichilia monadelpha, Spathodea campanulata and Gymnosporia senegalensis
Authors: Zhou Redemptor , Dofuor Aboagye Kwarteng , Junior Peter Atta-Adjei , Ehun Ebenezer , Ayertey Frederick
Published: November 2024

Carapa procera DC ( C. procera), Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J.J.de Wilde ( T. monadelpha), Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv ( S. campanulata) and Gymnosporia senegalensis Loes (G. senegalensis) are medicinal plants which are used folklorically in Ghana, West Africa, for the treatment and management of diseases. However, there is little scientific evidence and documentation regarding their ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacology activities. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature synthesis of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical composition and pharmacological significance of C. procera, G. senegalensis, T. monadelpha and S. campanulata for future research and health benefits. Databases utilized in the literature search included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubChem and DrugBank. All plant names were checked with “World Flora Online” ( www.worldfloraonline.org ). Pharmacological studies conducted in majority of cases indicated anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant or antimicrobial activities of C. procera, T. monadelpha, S. campanulata and G. senegalensis. Phytochemical analysis also revealed botanical constituents that may potentially be involved in the observed pharmacological properties. This review will go a long way to promote the efficacious use of these plants. However, much remains to be done with respect to preclinical and clinical investigations in order to harness their full potential.
Germany then and now: Guilt, white supremacy and sustaining genocide, from the far-right to the radical left
Authors: Becker Josephine
Published: November 2024

Germany's criminalisation of Palestine-solidarity intensified further after the7 October 2023 attack. Given Germany's historical responsibility for the Holocaust and its commitment to reconcile this history, many attribute Germany's relation to Israel to that of historical guilt. Considering the event cancellations of academics, artists and activists in Germany who criticise Israel's settler colonialism of Palestine, which includes increasing institutional and extra-legal violence against Palestine-solidarity protesters, such explanations are far too simplistic. This Contentions article shows how the conflating of Zionism and Israeli settler colonialism with antisemistism are the vehicles through which Germany strengthens its anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim, and nationalist white supremacist agenda. Highlighting the internationally lesser-known phenomenon of the autonomous left that celebrates the state of Israel, namely Anti-Deutsche (Anti-German), the article aims to unpack some nuances concerning the acceptance of censorship, reproduction of fascism and support for the Palestinian-genocide that are advanced by the German state and its followers across the ‘Left’ and ‘Right’ political spectrum.
Seasonal weight change during islamic holidays and effect of exercise on body weight and composition
Authors: Tutumlu Hazal , Cooper Jamie A. , Göktaş Zeynep
Published: November 2024

Background

There are several studies evaluating weight changes during the Christian and U.S. holiday season but data on the Muslim holiday season is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in body weight, body composition and blood pressure during Islamic holiday season among exercising and non-exercising participants.

Methods

The study was conducted with 63 eligible adults (30 men and 33 women; mean age 38.3 ± 13.9y, body mass index (BMI) of 24.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2). Participants who exercised for at least 150 min/week were included in the “exercisers” group (n = 30), while those performing <150 min/week were included in the “non-exercisers” group (n = 33). Subjects were evaluated before Ramadan and after Eid Al-Adha (total duration 18 weeks, early June-end of September, 2017). Data collected during each visit included height, weight, body composition, blood pressure, and physical activity level and food intake records.

Results

Non-exercisers gained 0.61 ± 0.20 kg weight (p = 0.005) while exercisers did not change weight (0.32 ± 0.31 kg, p = 0.336) over the holiday season. Similarly, non-exercisers had an increase in body fat % (0.90 ± 0.22%, p < 0.001) whereas exercisers showed a trend for fat loss (−0.55 ± 0.29%, p = 0.068). The changes between exerciser vs. non-exercisers was significantly different for body weight (p = 0.015), body fat percentage (p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

There was no change in weight, BMI or body fat % for exercisers during the Islamic holiday season. Meanwhile non-exercisers showed an increase in both body weight and body fat %, and that gain was different from exercisers. Our findings further validate that being physically active can prevent holiday season weight gain.
The long-term effects of a high-sucrose/high-fat diet on bone health in male Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Shirai Tomomi , Ishida Mei , Kubo Rumi , Inaba Sakiko , Hayashi Asaka , Watanabe Ryoka , Aoyagi Asami , Sakuta Mana , Yasuno Hinako , Wakana Mami , Wakana Noriaki , Homma Kazuhiro , Fukuyama Naoto
Published: November 2024

Background

The high-sugar and high-fat diet exerts distinct effects on bone volume and structure, depending on the type of carbohydrates and the amount of lipids. However, the effects of this diet on human bone health remain unexplored.

Objective

This study examined the effects of a high-sucrose/high-fat diet on the bone health of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods

Five-week-old SD rats were divided into two groups based on whether they received a normal (CE-2) or high-sucrose/high-fat (HSF) diet: SD＋CE-2 (control) and SD + HSF (treatment) groups (n = 5 rats/group). After 35 weeks of treatment, bone mineral density, structural parameters, and bone metabolism markers were measured. Student's t-test, Welch's t-test, and Mann-Whitney's U-test were used to determine differences between the two groups.

Results

Femur weight did not differ significantly between the control and treatment groups. The femur area was considerably wider in the treatment group than in the control group. However, trabecular bone density was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Trabecular volume and node structure number were significantly reduced in the treatment group when compared with those in the control group.

Conclusions

Although high-sucrose/high-fat diet loading decreased trabecular bone volume and node strut number in SD rats, the diet did not contribute to bone density or structural changes.
The association between multimorbidity and food insecurity in Cyprus: An epidemiological study
Authors: Kantilafti Maria , Heraclides Alexandros , Yannakoulia Mary , Alexandrou Antonia , Miltiadou Panayiota , Kyprianidou Maria , Giannakou Konstantinos , Chrysostomou Stavri
Published: November 2024

Background

Although multimorbidity is a public health problem, it's possible association with food insecurity is not well documented.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between multimorbidity and food insecurity in Cyprus.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 1, 2022, and May 28, 2023, in Cyprus using a representative sample of 1255 adults with mean age 43.4 ± 17.1 years. Participants were required to complete a self-report questionnaire on food insecurity, multimorbidity and sociodemographic factors. Men and women ≥18 years were eligible for inclusion in the study.

Results

The majority of the sample was married (66%), with higher education (68.7%) and had a yearly salary of €6500-€19,500 (44.3%). Food insecurity was significantly higher in individuals with multimorbidity. Participants with multimorbidity were 67% more likely to be food insecure, than those without multimorbidity in a basic model adjusted for age and sex, with women being 81% more likely to experience food insecurity within this group. However after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric factors, the association was no longer statistically significant.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that people with multimorbidity are more likely to be food insecure compared to people without multimorbidity, other socio-demographic factors seem to influence the above association. Further, studies should be conducted in other European countries to clarify this association and the possible underlying mechanisms.
Effective labour rights in the EU: towards a fair enforcement ecosystem
Authors: Countouris Nicola
Published: November 2024

This article explores the strengths and limits of the current EU approach to ensuring the effective enforcement of its social acquis. It stresses the limits of the traditional approach, premised on centralised and decentralised judicial enforcement. It notes that some of these limitations are mitigated by a greater role for EU administrative bodies performing in a supervisory and (quasi-)enforcement capacity. But it also notes that the effective enforcement of, in particular, some of the new EPSR instruments will require a different approach, requiring greater emphasis on policy delivery, and a new role for both EU and national administrative bodies. It concludes by suggesting an ecosystem approach to the enforcement of the social acquis, and explores some of the possible elements of that ecosystem.
The positive role of physical therapy and appropriate technology in the reduction of bone mineral density loss associated with complete spinal cord injury: A case report
Authors: Kern Marcie , Chang Shuo-Hsiu
Published: November 2024

While no single method effectively prevents bone loss after spinal cord injury (SCI), consistent participation in activity-based therapies can help reduce it in individuals with chronic complete SCI. This case report presents the results of multiple dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans conducted over 14 years, highlighting changes in bone mineral density (BMD). The individual studied maintained a healthy lifestyle, preventing secondary complications associated with SCI. The focus is on the participant’s engagement in various therapies, including functional electrical stimulation, lower-extremity cycling, and walking with a robotic exoskeleton. Remarkably, the findings indicate that, rather than losing BMD, this individual not only maintained but, in some areas, also even increased their BMD in the lower extremities. This observation contradicts the expected trend for individuals with chronic complete SCI, suggesting that activity-based therapies may yield positive outcomes.
May-Hegglin anomaly associated nephropathy: Case series
Authors: Nguyen Matthew D , Dileep Gayathri , Quizon Marrey , Nguyen Vu , Demirci Arif Nihat , Hanna Ramy
Published: November 2024

May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA) is a rare autosomal dominant disease associated with a mutation in the MYH-9 gene. It is characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and neutrophils with abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions. Clinical features of this disease include hearing loss, early cataracts, and renal failure. We present two interesting cases of renal injury attributed to MHA. The first is a 52-year-old Hispanic female with MHA-associated nephropathy and thrombocytopenia complicated by Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypothyroidism. She was found to have a pathogenic MYH-9 heterozygous mutation with associated clinical characteristics. Due to her thrombocytopenia from MHA, patient is not a candidate for kidney biopsy. She has been treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) for managing her Stage 3b CKD and Synthroid® for hypothyroidism. Despite these treatments, she continues to have low platelet counts, proteinuria, and progressive CKD. Our second case highlights a 39-year-old white female with MHA associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diagnosed at the age of 15 on renal biopsy. She also has thrombocytopenia and mixed connective tissue disease with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus clinical characteristics. She is currently on a regimen of methotrexate, Xeljanz, and IVIG for her rheumatological diseases. Her kidney function has remained stable on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEi) with hydrochlorothiazide and as needed loop diuretics for edema. These cases illustrate the challenges of diagnosing and managing renal complications associated with MHA due to the MYH-9 gene mutation. Chronic thrombocytopenia in both patients restricts the use of invasive diagnostic procedures, such as biopsies, which are critical for confirming the relationship between nephropathy and MHA, and for guiding further treatment. As such, these cases stress the importance of genetic testing as a key tool in diagnosis and emphasize the difficulties in managing patients with suspected MHA-associated nephropathy and thrombocytopenia.
An Investigation of Undergraduate Students’ Use of Communication Skills in Online EFL Learning
Authors: Guo Jing , Asmawi Adelina
Published: November 2024

This study aimed at exploring the level, preference, and use of communication skills among undergraduate students in an online EFL learning context and to examine whether there are significant differences according to their gender and mode of study. A survey method was applied through quantitative data collection. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 200 undergraduate students at a public university in China. The communication skills inventory consisted of 26 items, which were developed based on previous studies. Factor analysis was conducted to assess the reliability and validity. Findings indicated that the undergraduate students had a medium level of communication skills, with intercultural skills ranking the highest, followed by production and reception communication skills. In addition, there was no significant difference in the usage of communication skills among undergraduate students in terms of gender, but there was a significant difference in terms of the mode of study. Students used more communication skills in synchronous than in asynchronous online learning.
Fostering Physically Active Language Learning (PALL) Proficiency Among In-Service Language Teachers in Türkiye: A Mix-Method Exploration
Authors: Demir Yıldız Canan
Published: November 2024

Teacher training initiatives for Physically Active Learning (PAL) are notably scarce, particularly within the realm of English Language Education and within the contexts of developing countries. This research delineates a comprehensive training program specifically tailored for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors in Türkiye, aiming to foster Physically Active Language Learning (PALL). The study engaged thirty in-service EFL teachers from diverse state schools in the training initiative. In this study, a mixed methods design was employed, involving the collection and integration of both qualitative and quantitative data. This approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the changes observed in teachers’ motivation for recreational exercise, playfulness, physical activity efficacy, and attitudes toward sports. Specifically, the research design included surveys to gather quantitative data and semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights. The data collection methods encompassed standardized questionnaires and in-depth interviews, which were analyzed using statistical methods and thematic analysis, respectively. These factors are crucial in influencing teachers’ willingness to adopt, implement, and promote physical activity learning (PAL). The results demonstrated significant improvements in teachers’ mastery motives and increased interest in sports. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights into the potential long-term impact of the training program on teaching practices and student outcomes, shedding light on the sustainability and effectiveness of integrating PALL into educational settings. Overall, teacher feedback indicated overwhelmingly positive perceptions of the PALL training program.
Reconstructing Land Discourse: A Perspective of the Zeme Tribe of Northeast India
Authors: Newme Gaituang , Scaria Suma
Published: November 2024

As the Zeme society was predominantly a subsistence-based economy, land was an asset for them. In contextualising, this study employs Polanyi’s ‘Embeddedness’ to examine how the notion of land is dictated by the social obligation and moral context in the Zeme society and how Zeme society perceives and evaluates the land values. The article locates the land settlement system, changes in land practices, types of land and land taboos vis-à-vis customary law locating the influence of Western education. Furthermore, the article analysed how English-educated individuals with salaried jobs maintain their interest in village land causing a decline in the customary law of the landownership. This study is based on primary and secondary sources and aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on land.
Investigating the Influence of Modifiable Physical Measures on the Elbow Varus Torque – Ball Velocity Relationship in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Barrack Adam J. , Sakurai Motoki , Wee Choo Phei , Diaz Paul R. , Stocklin Carl , Karduna Andy R. , Michener Lori A.
Published: November 2024

Background:

The mechanism of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury during pitching is excessive elbow varus torque (EVT). The EVT–ball velocity (T-V) relationship allows concurrent assessment of player performance and UCL injury risk. Modifiable physical capacities may underlie individual variation seen in the T-V relationship.

Purpose:

To identify physical performance characteristics that impact the T-V relationship during pitching.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 87 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I pitchers participated. Pitching collection involved measurement of EVT and ball velocity during 5 maximal effort fastballs thrown to a catcher. Physical measures collected were the following: shoulder and hip passive range of motion (ROM) and strength, shoulder rate of torque development (RTD), grip strength, and lumbopelvic stability. Physical measures were entered into univariate linear mixed models with ball velocity as a covariate to predict EVT. Variable reduction for multivariate models involved selection of physical measures based on random forest–derived variable importance and univariate relationship significance, rendering a 27-variable pool. Multivariate linear mixed models predicting EVT, adjusting for physical measures and other physical characteristics, were then created using backward elimination.

Results:

In univariate analysis, for every 1 m/s (2.2 mph) increase in ball velocity, the mean EVT increased by 1.51 Nċm (95% CI, 0.66-2.37 Nċm; P = .001). In univariate analysis, hip abduction strength symmetry and bilateral lumbopelvic stability significantly increased EVT, while dominant-shoulder ROM, scaption RTD symmetry, and hip ROM significantly decreased EVT. Variables that increased EVT while controlling for ball velocity in the final model include grip strength symmetry, lead-leg lumbopelvic stability, and bodyweight. Increased dominant-shoulder internal rotation (IR) strength, dominant-shoulder flexion ROM, and scaption strength asymmetry decreased EVT as ball velocity increased.

Conclusion:

Several modifiable physical measures affected EVT in the univariate analysis. In our final model, when controlling for ball velocity, EVT increased with increased grip strength symmetry, lead-leg lumbopelvic stability, and bodyweight and decreased with increased dominant-shoulder IR strength, dominant-shoulder flexion ROM, and scaption strength asymmetry.

Clinical Relevance:

Defining the individual and multivariate effects of these physical capacities on EVT contextualizes their role in the T-V relationship and helps identify access points through which coaches and clinicians can optimize a pitcher's T-V relationship.
How stressful is firm insolvency? Self-reported, biological, and physiological indicators of entrepreneurs’ well-being
Authors: Wach Dominika , Schermuly Carsten C. , Kirschbaum Clemens , Wegge Jürgen
Published: November 2024

This study advances research on the nexus of business insolvency and entrepreneurs’ well-being. We broadly build upon the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR) and explore the severity of the impact of firm insolvency on subjective well-being, stress hormones, and physiological recovery. To test our hypotheses, we compared entrepreneurs operating in 51 businesses affected by insolvency with 51 entrepreneurs in a control group. We conducted our study in Germany, where legal regulations surrounding insolvency are relatively unfavorable for those affected. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs facing insolvency experience lower psychological well-being, greater vital exhaustion, higher stress hormone levels, and, as revealed by supplementary analyses, poorer risk adjustment. Our study complemented entrepreneurs’ self-reports with objective methods to examine entrepreneurial well-being in times of hardship from three perspectives: psychological, biological, and physiological. Although exploratory, our study provides relevant insights into potential repercussions of business failure.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: I10; L26; G01
The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO), 2012: The Precincts of the Law and Judicial Expositions
Authors: Handa Rakesh Kumar , Goswami Shivani
Published: November 2024

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, is aimed to safeguard minor(s), who is less than 18 years old, from crimes involving sexual assault, harassment, pornographic and to offer a minor, a congenial legal system for cases involving such wrongdoings. The ‘best interest of the child’ premise is given first priority, and it also aims to protect minors throughout the entire court procedure. This 2012 Act is a law that does not differentiate between genders. It safeguards all minors from sexual abuse. This research article is an attempt to analyse critically the findings and suitability of the POCSO Act and extract the limitations and suggestions to overcome such limitations for the protection and betterment of the minor.