bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bibliometric Analysis of Translator’s Style in Translation Studies: A Chinese Perspective (1980–2022)
Authors: He He , Xiong Bing
Published: February 2025

The undeniable presence of translators has stimulated a growing interest in issues such as translator’s voice by Theo Hermans and translator’s style by Mona Baker. For a long time, existing research in China has exclusively explored translational style, with a focus on the faithful reproduction of the style of the source text (ST) in the target text (TT). Since Baker’s introduction of corpus-based translation studies in 2000, translator’s style has been an emerging and fast-growing topic in translation studies in China bolstered by empirical data for more persuasive argumentation. This research first adopts a bibliometric analysis of translator’s style by employing articles from the database Web of Science (WoS) for international studies and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI; CSSCI-indexed; Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index) for Chinese studies. As Chinese scholars rank first in the contributions generated according to the collaborative countries analysis, there is a need to examine the current development of translator’s style in China. This study will help answer a series of queries on topics such as the most researched domain, the most applied mode and the most researched work. Furthermore, by closely examining the timezone view of keywords of translator’s style studies, and a close reading of selected articles, three stages and three modes are suggested for studies on translator’s style. Then, recent development of translator’s style in China is presented to draw a clear picture of corpus-based studies of translator’s style in China, followed by a summary of the deficiencies present in existing Chinese studies of translator’s style.
Rural Industrialization, Drivers and Dynamics: Learning from India’s History
Authors: Abrol Dinesh
Published: February 2025

This contribution offers a critical evaluation of the lived experience and ideas cultivated for rural industrialization as a residual path in India, to draw lessons for peoples’ democracies today and their strategies on rural industrialization. The discourse on rural industrialization began under the influence of India’s freedom movement. The forces of national liberation articulated an agenda of emancipation to unite working people across the country. The outcomes of the decolonization of knowledge production were well manifested in the way the forces of national liberation generated their own distinct heuristics of industrial and technological upgrading, with the potential to positively influence the trajectories of development of peasants, artisans, and rural laborer’s as a productive force.
Liberation, Ecology, and Industrialization in the Thought of Ismail-Sabri Abdallah
Authors: Ajl Max
Published: February 2025

This article examines the work of Ismail-Sabri Abdallah in relation to two arenas of thought marginalized in the current Marxist debate: socially and ecologically “appropriate” planning and technologies, and national liberation and postcolonial planning more broadly. Abdallah was a senior official in the Egypt National Planning Institute under Gamal Abdel Nasser and then Anwar Sadat. He was also a central figure in arenas like the Third World Forum. As a theorist and practitioner, he faced the multi-scalar problems of planning in a postcolonial state. His work wove together the problematics of the appropriate technologies to use for supplying basic needs for a primarily rural or slum-dwelling population; the pressing problem of unemployment; the nascent problem of ecological degradation; the incipient problem of rapid depletion of exhaustible natural resources; and the existential problem of national defense as a component of Third World development. This article therefore reads his oeuvre as one articulation of peripheral ecological thought within the national liberation tradition, while placing it in associated debates concerning basic needs, the right to development, delinking, and the particularities of the Third World encounter with the ecological crisis.
Neighborhood Poverty by Nativity in the Top 100 Metropolitan Areas (1970–2020)
Authors: Fernandez Aaron Berman
Published: February 2025

This visualization examines neighborhood poverty distributions for foreign-born and U.S.-born populations in the United States from 1970 to 2020. Although prior studies have often relied on binary thresholds such as 40 percent to define “high poverty” census tracts, the author highlights how immigrant-native inequality manifests across the full spectrum of tract poverty rates. In doing so, the author illuminates that inequality is most pronounced in tracts with poverty rates between 10 percent and 40 percent, where immigrants are overrepresented. However, inequality has decreased in recent decades as both groups have seen their distributions flatten. These temporal patterns may reflect demographic shifts in the composition of immigrants, as well as broader shifts in the spatial distribution of poverty. By visualizing the complete distribution of tract poverty rates, the author challenges conventional approaches to measuring neighborhood inequality and provides a richer understanding of residential contexts and immigrant incorporation.
Featuring Hall effect on gravity-driven hybrid nanofluid flow induced by rotating cylinder
Authors: Muhammad  , Khan Masood , Sarfraz Mahnoor
Published: February 2025

The progressive nature of hybrid nanomaterials makes them highly valuable in both engineering and industry. Hybrid nanofluids offer a great deal of potential for use in heat transport applications such as vehicle cooling and solar energy systems. This study considers the Hamilton-Crosser’s model to examine the electrical and thermal conductivities of copper and aluminum oxide nanoparticles drenched in water, which acts as a base fluid. The study examines mixed convection with linear radiation and Hall effect. The similarity transformations convert the governing equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically in MATLAB’s built-in technique namely, bvp4c by variation of physical parameters. The novelty of the study includes investigation of the thermal behavior of hybrid nanofluids by integrating nanoparticles into base fluid to attain enhanced heat transfer rate, along with the analysis of mixed convection and Hall effect over a rotating cylinder. Graphical illustrations show the behavior of various parameters over fluid flow, temperature profile, drag fraction, and heat transfer rate.
Binding of RHOA G17V to p300 enhances its HAT activity: a new mechanism of epigenetic deregulation in TFH lymphoma
Authors: Vallois David , Juilland Mélanie , Ioannidou Kalliopi , Lemonnier Francois , Missiaglia Edoardo , Bisig Bettina , Thome Margot , de Leval Laurence L
Published: February 2025

The RHOA G17V mutation is highly recurrent in follicular helper T-cell (TFH) lymphoma of the angioimmunoblastic type (AITL) (60-70% of cases) and frequently associated with mutations in other T-cell receptor signaling genes, including CD28. Here, we sought to elucidate how RHOA and CD28 variants may work in concert to sustain T-cell activation by generating stable Jurkat T-cell lines expressing wild type (wt) RHOA or RHOA G17V with wt CD28 or CD28 T195P. Concomitant expression of RHOA G17V and CD28 T195P induced significantly higher levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and NFAT and AP1 transcriptional activities than either variant alone upon T-cell activation with agonistic anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. We identified the histone acetyltransferase p300 as a major interacting partner of RHOA G17V in our model and human primary T cells. p300 inhibition abolished the increased IL-2 secretion induced by CD3/CD28 stimulation in cells expressing RHOA G17V and/or CD28 T195P. Chromatin immunoprecipitations and immunofluorescence staining revealed an increase of p300-specific H3K18ac and H3K27ac marks at the IL-2 promoter and at the whole genome level, respectively, in cells expressing RHOA G17V. Finally, immunofluorescence staining of tumor samples from four AITL patients carrying RHOA G17V variant and four AITL patients carrying wild-type RHOA showed that neoplastic TFH cells with RHOA G17V have increased H3K18ac and H3K27ac levels as compared to non-neoplastic T cells. Collectively, these findings uncover a new mechanism of action by which RHOA G17V potentiates CD28 T195P-induced NFAT and AP1 transcriptional activities by enhancing p300 histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT) and expand the notion that epigenetic deregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of TFH lymphomas.
Intra-operative blood transfusions raise the risk of postoperative delirium and impede functional recovery in elderly hip fracture patients: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Li Yanan , Wang Tao , Zhang Jiajie , Wang Zhiqian , Guo Junfei , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2025

Background

This retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the potential influence of intra-operative blood transfusion (IBT) in patients aged 65 years or older with intertrochanteric fractures (IF) who underwent intramedullary fixation.

Methods

The outcomes of interest included the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD), pain score at discharge, length of hospital stay (LOS), functional outcomes, and mortality. The study included all surgically treated patients with IF between Jan. 2018 and Dec. 2021. Data on patient demographics, injury-related factors, surgical procedures, intraoperative details, in-hospital information, and postoperative outcomes were collected. In order to mitigate potential confounding and selection bias, the researchers employed the propensity score matching (PSM) technique using a 1:1 ratio via the caliper matching method. Following PSM, the association between IBT and outcome analyses was assessed using McNemar's Chi-square tests. Additionally, the Spearman correlations between IBT, POD and postoperative functional outcomes were computed.

Results

Out of the initial 2159 consecutive patients screened, a final sample of 1681 individuals was included, consisting of 1278 in the non-IBT group and 403 in the IBT group. After PSM, each group comprised 298 participants. The disparities in POD rate and functional outcomes became significant after employing propensity score-based matching (P < 0.001 and 0.029, respectively), despite their lack of significance prior to matching. There were no notable distinctions observed in other operation-related data, LOS, and crude mortality rates at 30-day, 90-day, and 12-month intervals before and after PSM. Furthermore, incidence of POD (P = 0.006) and functional outcomes (P = 0.013) were significantly associated with IBT.

Conclusion

In conclusion, IBT significantly increases the incidence of POD and hinders postoperative functional recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture.
Group integrated exercise versus recovery class for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Neylan Thomas C. , Muratore Laura A. , Williams Chanda L. , Schmitz Martha , Valdez Courtney V. , Maguen Shira , O’Donovan Aoife , Kelley D. Parker , Metzler Thomas J. , Cohen Beth E. , West Anna C. , Phan Jordan D. V. , Antonetti Victor , Mayzel Olga , Hlavin Jennifer A. , Chesney Margaret A. , Mehling Wolf E.
Published: February 2025

There are no reported randomized trials testing exercise versus an active comparator for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This randomized clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of group exercise versus psychoeducation to improve quality of life and reduces symptomatic severity in Veterans with PTSD. Veterans who met criteria for current PTSD (DSM-5) and/or endorsed moderate levels of PTSD symptoms (CAPS 5 score ≥ 23) were randomly assigned to treatment. Integrative Exercise (IE) combines fitness exercises (aerobics, resistance training, stretching) with mindful body/breath awareness versus Recovery Class (REC) psychoeducation control condition. A total of 84 participants were enrolled of which 41 participants were randomized to IE and 43 participants to REC. There were no significant pre-post differences in change in the WHOQOL Psychological Domain in either group. There was a modest reduction in the total CAPS-5 score in both groups (IE: -8.2 (9.9), p < .001: REC: -7.8 (2.0), p < .001) but no differences across the two conditions. In the IE subsample that was remote, there was a greater improvement in PTSD symptom severity (F[1, 50] = 4.62, p = .036) and in in the WHOQOL Psychological Domain (F(1, 47) = 6.46, p = .014) in those who attended more sessions.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02856412 (registration date: February 27, 2017).
Associations between dietary diversity and self-rated health in a transverse study of four local food systems (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Portugal and Senegal)
Authors: Rapinski Michael , Raymond Richard , Davy Damien , Bedell Jean-Philippe , Ka Abdou , Lubszynski Jean , Lopez Pascal Jean , Da Silva Eduardo Ferreira , Deghel Nathalie El , Macia Enguerran , Duboz Priscilla
Published: February 2025

Background

The nutrition transition is linked to the double-burden of malnutrition worldwide, and its impact on the quality of life is considerable. The dietary diversity score and self-rated health are two proxies that have been used to assess, for the former, nutrient adequacy and overall diet quality, and for the latter, health from a sociological, epidemiological and economical lens. The general aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between food and subjective health, and to test the hypothesis that greater dietary diversity is positively associated with a better perception of health.

Methods

A transverse comparison of foods consumed in four highly contrasted local socio-ecosystems (i.e., two French oversea territories: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Portugal and Senegal) was conducted using 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary diversity was calculated using 18 food groups based on classifications provided by WHO and FAO. Binary logistic regressions were used to assess the relationship between dietary diversity scores and answers to the question assessing self-rated health.

Results

Overall, 465 individuals, 18 years and older, from Senegal, Guiana, Guadeloupe and Portugal were interviewed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Participants were selected via a combination of non-probability sampling methods. The mean dietary diversity score for all regions combined was 9.22. Over one-third of participants reported their health as ‘good’ (39.8%), whereas ‘bad’ and ‘excellent’ health were the least reported, at 6.45% and 9.03%, respectively. Multiple binary logistic regression notably found that dietary diversity score (OR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.79, 0.99], p = 0.010) and at-home meal preparation, specifically with the reference category ‘all the time’ compared to ‘never’ (OR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.55, 7.07], p = 0.002) were statistically significant predictors of self-rated health (i.e., declaring overall bad health).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a positive association between dietary diversity and self-rated health across distinct cultural contexts. The findings reinforce the importance of diverse diets for subjective well-being, regardless of differences in food systems. Public health messaging should continue to promote dietary diversity and home-cooked meals as effective strategies for improving health. Self-rated health could serve as a useful tool for quickly assessing the outcomes of nutrition therapy.
Societal views on using risk-based innovations to inform cancer screening and referral policies: findings from three community juries
Authors: Dennison Rebecca A. , Clune Reanna J. , Tung Joanna , John Stephen D. , Moorthie Sowmiya A. , Waller Jo , Usher-Smith Juliet A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Recent advances mean that innovations are emerging that enable better stratification of individuals based on their risk of cancer so that screening or diagnostic investigations can be targeted to those at greatest need. We explored the views of the public, from a societal perspective, of using such risk-based innovations to identify people’s cancer risk and allocating healthcare accordingly.

Methods

We conducted three community juries, each with 7–9 participants. Participants were informed about the topic and potential novel risk-based innovations through a series of presentations from experts and discussions. Polygenic risk scores, geodemographic segmentation, continuous monitoring of biomarkers, minimally invasive tests, artificial intelligence analysis of medical records, and wearable devices were used as examples. The participants then deliberated over the research questions before reporting their verdicts on the acceptability of these novel data-based approaches in principle. Transcripts were analysed using codebook thematic analysis.

Results

All juries found that the proposed risk-based approaches to cancer healthcare were, in general, acceptable. Primarily this was because the approaches would enable use of information in a positive and constructive way. However, there were a number of qualifiers or caveats. In particular, participants highlighted the necessity of using accurate and robust data with a well-evidenced association with cancer risk. They also expressed concerns about unintended consequences such as for insurance, scams or erosion of personal liberty, and the burden to participate in data collection across society. All agreed that opting-out must be straightforward.

Conclusions

Informed members of the public supported the concept of using innovations to estimate cancer risk and inform healthcare. Their priorities for accuracy, data security, participation burden, and personal liberty and choice tended to overlap with those of developers and policymakers. Work to ready these innovations for implementation should continue, with the public’s priorities accounted for in their development and dissemination in order to address any unintended consequences upfront.
Midshaft clavicle fractures with associated ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Li Xugui , Dong Shengnan , Xie Wei , Ling Zexi , Meng Chengfei , Stöckle Ulrich
Published: February 2025

Background and aim

Isolated midshaft clavicle fractures (MCF) and acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are common, but simultaneous cases are rare and often receive insufficient clinical attention, resulting in missed diagnoses. Moreover, there is no consensus on the injury mechanism, classification, and treatment, and the prognosis remains poorly summarized. This review aims to provide an overview of MCFs with ipsilateral ACJ injuries, focusing on injury mechanism, classification, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods

We searched the literature published between 1962 and 2024 on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE using the search terms “clavicle fracture [Title/Abstract]) AND (acromioclavicular [Title/Abstract])”. Studies reporting clinical outcomes in patients with MCF and ipsilateral ACJ injuries were included. 37 studies were included after screening. The study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data on study design, patient demographics, treatment approaches, and outcomes were extracted for qualitative analysis. We then summarized key findings and presented our insights.

Results

MCFs with ipsilateral ACJ injuries are often associated with comorbidities such as rib fractures, hemopneumothorax, scapula fractures, neurovascular injuries, and atypical MCF displacement patterns. These cases should raise suspicion for combined injuries. Due to the "floating" nature of the lateral clavicle, the "Piano Key Sign" is typically negative and not reliable for diagnosis. Initial ACJ evaluation may be inconclusive, so reevaluation after MCF fixation is recommended. Type IV ACJ injuries can be underestimated on anteroposterior radiographs, and additional axillary radiographs and CT scans may better visualize posterior clavicle displacement. Most researchers believe ACJ capsule and ligament damage occurs first, but is insufficient to cause significant dislocation, suggesting that isolated MCF may involve combined ACJ injury with intact coracoclavicular ligaments. Notably, most patients reported favorable outcomes without major complications within two years, regardless of treatment approach.

Conclusions

MCFs with ipsilateral ACJ injuries are rare and often missed when ACJ injuries are mild. The injury mechanism is unclear, and no classification system exists to indicate severity. These injuries are typically treated separately without a unified protocol. Despite promising outcomes, further studies are needed to address these issues and improve understanding of long-term results.
Efficacy comparison of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination with PARPis or antiangiogenic agents in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Shiya , Chen Xupeng , Yu Yebo , Jia Qiuping , Zhang Xingxing , Gao Zixin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The network meta-analysis (NMA) was aimed to compare and assess the effectiveness of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor monotherapy or combination therapy with other agents for individuals with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

The NMA was registered on the PROSPERO website (ID: CRD42024545968) and multiple databases were queried to retrieve the articles. It assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of persons with advanced or recurrent EC, as well as those with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) and proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) in terms of PFS.

Results

The NMA included 12 studies involving a total of 4,515 patients. Compared to chemotherapy, the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.78) in PFS, combination therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) (HR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32–0.89) or with antiangiogenic agents (HR, 0.48; 95% CI: 0.25–0.83) all showed significant improvements in PFS. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy resulted in a significantly higher OS (HR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.37–0.97) compared to chemotherapy. Combination therapy with antiangiogenic agents demonstrated the highest efficacy in extending PFS, while the combination with PARPis had the best performance in extending OS. Patients with dMMR and pMMR subtypes derive greater benefits from PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with PARPis respectively.

Conclusion

Monotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and combination therapies with PARPis or antiangiogenic agents demonstrate significant potential for individuals with advanced or recurrent EC.
Transforming narratives of physician identity formation and healing: a longitudinal qualitative study of physicians’ stories about spirituality and medicine, from residency to practice
Authors: Anandarajah Gowri , Sleeth Georgia , Mennillo Meera , Srinivasan Achutha
Published: February 2025

Background

Concern about burnout has prompted increased attention on fostering physician resilience throughout the educational continuum. Studies indicate that lack of meaning-making and connection (domains of spiritual wellbeing) place physicians at risk for burnout. While evidence support including spiritual care in comprehensive patient care to help patients/families heal from impactful experiences, few studies explore physicians’ spiritual wellbeing as they routinely confront suffering and death in their daily work. Storytelling taps into spiritual aspects of human experience. This study, unique in the literature, examined the stories physicians chose to tell about spirituality and medicine over 20-years, from trainee to practicing physician, to explore how these experiences impact professional development and wellbeing.

Methods

Design: Qualitative individual interview study – secondary analysis of a rich dataset of physician interviews, gathered over 20-years beginning in first-year residency, regarding attitudes and approach to spiritual care. For this new study, researchers extracted and analyzed the previously unexplored stories participants spontaneously told during interviews.

Setting: Participants completed the same USA residency program and now practice throughout USA and Canada.

Participants: In study-year 1, all residents (PGY1,2,3) participated; response rate (RR) 97%, reflected a diversity of personal beliefs (atheist to religious). Researchers followed the PGY1 class for 20-years (2001–2020), interviewing them in study-years 1, 3, 11 and 20 (RR 100%, 100%, 97%, 54%).

Data Collection: Researchers extracted stories from interview transcripts.

Analysis: 4 researchers analyzed 204 stories from 66 interviews with 34 physicians, using grounded theory.

Results

Irrespective of personal spiritual beliefs, trainees and practicing physicians told numerous spirituality-related stories. Longitudinal story themes—(1) Dissonance to Integration, (2) Formation and Transformation, and (3) Accidental to Purposeful Healing – reflected physicians’ ongoing spiritual journeys as they grappled with meaning, values, purpose, and connection in their daily work. Spiritually impactful moments, whether distressing or uplifting, occurred throughout physicians’ careers influencing professional/personal development, resilience and clinical approach. Spiritual practices (religious/secular) and reflection fostered healing for patients/families and physicians.

Conclusion

Physicians’ longitudinal spiritual-care stories provide new insights into their professional/personal development. Reflection on spiritually impactful moments, both distressing and uplifting, may trigger transformative learning towards meaning-making, resilience, burnout prevention and positive physician identity formation.
FAPI-PET/CT guided radiotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Kröger Kai , Pepper Niklas Benedikt , Ventura David , Troschel Fabian M. , Backhaus Philipp , Rahbar Kambiz , Glasbrenner Bernhard , Brüwer Matthias , Pascher Andreas , Schäfers Michael , Eich Hans Theodor , Roll Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Background

Cancer associated fibroblasts have become a target of interest in different malignancies for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, using positron emitter labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI). New data underline the advanced imaging properties of FAPI-PET/CT for the staging of esophageal cancer compared to standard imaging. Potential benefits of FAPI-PET/CT in radiation therapy planning are the subject of this investigation.

Methods

Ten patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent [68Ga]OncoFAP-PET/CT in treatment position to facilitate radiation treatment planning. Six patients received neoadjuvant RCT as part of a trimodal therapy and four patients underwent definitive RCT. In five cases, restaging after initial treatment was performed with FAPI-PET/CT.

Results

[68Ga]OncoFAP-PET/CT based imaging showed a high correlation with the endoscopic staging for initial imaging. In three cases, new sites of disease were unmasked, not visible in CT- and endosonographic staging. [68Ga]OncoFAP-PET/CT based RT delineation offered good definition of clinical target volumes, especially in retro-/paracardial areas and the gastroesophageal junction.

Conclusion

[68Ga]OncoFAP-PET/CT may aid and improve radiation treatment planning for patients with esophageal cancer.
Pattern of recurrence after fractionated stereotactic reirradiation in adult glioblastoma
Authors: Margulies Agathe , Sahki Nassim , Rech Fabien , Vogin Guillaume , Blonski Marie , Peiffert Didier , Taillandier Luc , Lesanne Grégory , Demogeot Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Background

Glioblastomas all eventually relapse after initial treatment, and an option to treat these recurrences is fractionated stereotactic reirradiation (fSRT). The location of recurrences following reirradiation has not been studied for fSRT delivered by a dedicated stereotactic device. We aimed to analyze these locations to better elucidate safety margins, dose and fractionation regimens.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with glioblastoma recurrence that had been reirradiated by fSRT in October 2010-December 2020, in 25 Gy in 5 fractions delivered by a CyberKnife® at Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine. We matched the images of the post-fSRT relapse with the stereotactic radiation treatment planning scan to determine the relapse location.

Results

The location of recurrences after fSRT was “out-field” in 43.5%, “marginal” in 40.3%, and “in-field” in 16.1% of patients (N = 62). A GTV-PTV margin of 1 mm (versus 2–3 mm, HR = 0.38 [0.15–0.95], p = 0.037) and a PTV volume of ≥ 36 cc (HR = 5.18 [1.06–25.3], p = 0.042) were significantly associated with the “marginal” recurrences. Being ≥ 60 years old at initial treatment (HR = 3.06 [1.17–8.01], p = 0.023) and having one or more previous recurrences (HR = 5.29 [1.70–16.5], p = 0.004) were significantly associated with “out-field” recurrences. The median PFS from fSRT was 3.4 months, and OS from diagnosis and from fSRT were 25.7 and 10.8 months respectively.

Conclusion

Reirradiation of glioblastoma recurrence by fSRT with 25 Gy in 5 fractions provides good local control.
Finding high posterior density phylogenies by systematically extending a directed acyclic graph
Authors: Jennings-Shaffer Chris , Rich David H. , Macaulay Matthew , Karcher Michael D. , Ganapathy Tanvi , Kiami Shosuke , Kooperberg Anna , Zhang Cheng , Suchard Marc A. , Matsen Frederick A.
Published: February 2025

Bayesian phylogenetics typically estimates a posterior distribution, or aspects thereof, using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. These methods integrate over tree space by applying local rearrangements to move a tree through its space as a random walk. Previous work explored the possibility of replacing this random walk with a systematic search, but was quickly overwhelmed by the large number of probable trees in the posterior distribution. In this paper we develop methods to sidestep this problem using a recently introduced structure called the subsplit directed acyclic graph (sDAG). This structure can represent many trees at once, and local rearrangements of trees translate to methods of enlarging the sDAG. Here we propose two methods of introducing, ranking, and selecting local rearrangements on sDAGs to produce a collection of trees with high posterior density. One of these methods successfully recovers the set of high posterior density trees across a range of data sets. However, we find that a simpler strategy of aggregating trees into an sDAG in fact is computationally faster and returns a higher fraction of probable trees.
Extinction of contextual fear memory is facilitated in TRPM2 knockout mice
Authors: Ko Seung Yeon , Kim Do Gyeong , Lee Huiju , Jung Sung Jun , Son Hyeon
Published: February 2025

Transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) is a nonselective cation channel involved in synaptic plasticity. We investigated its role in contextual fear conditioning and extinction of conditioned fear using Trpm2-deficient (Trpm2

−/−
) mice. Trpm2

−/−
mice exhibited reduced acquisition of contextual fear memory during conditioning but had an intact freezing response to conditioning context 24 h after conditioning. They also showed a reduced freezing response to extinction training, indicating facilitated extinction. Consistent with this, infusion of flufenamic acid (FFA), a TRPM2 antagonist, into the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in fear-conditioned mice facilitated extinction of contextual fear. The enhanced extinction in Trpm2

−/−
and FFA-treated mice was associated with down-regulation of immediate-early genes (IEGs) including Npas4, c-Fos, Arc and Egr1 in the hippocampus after extinction training. Our results indicate that TRPM2 plays a positive role in retention of contextual fear memory by modulating neuronal activity in the hippocampus, and suggest that TRPM2 activity could potentially be targeted to strengthen extinction-based exposure therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Clear-cell carcinoma of the soft palate: a case with atypical presentation and long-term follow-up: a case report
Authors: Qayyum Sardar Noman , Shah Sayyed Muddasir , Ullah Irfan , Khan Maleeka , Khan Gulmeena Aziz , Ullah Safi , Noori Samim , Hussain Mudassir
Published: February 2025

Background

Clear-cell carcinoma, a rare malignancy of the minor salivary gland of the soft palate, is diagnostically challenging neoplasm due to its rarity and overlapping features with other neoplasms. We report a case of atypical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and long-term follow-up post-surgical resection of the tumor, which adds valuable insights to literature on this rare malignancy.

Case presentation

A 34-years-old Pakistani female came to the hospital with a 2 × 2 cm ulcerative lesion of soft palate. The lesion had no active bleeding and any associated discharge. However, during history taking, she reported pain and occasional bleeding from the lesion.

Diagnosis and therapeutic interventions

Excisional biopsy was performed, and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, which confirmed the diagnosis of clear-cell carcinoma. Later on, radiological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of hyalinizing variant of clear-cell carcinoma. Long-term follow-up revealed no recurrence and postoperative complications.

Conclusion

This case report highlights the importance of thorough diagnostic evaluation and long-term follow-up in management of a rare oral malignancy. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry are crucial in differentiating clear-cell carcinoma from other malignancies with overlapping features. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment modality, with a favorable prognosis if diagnosed and managed adequately.
Improving route development using convergent retrosynthesis planning
Authors: Torren-Peraire Paula , Verhoeven Jonas , Herman Dorota , Ceulemans Hugo , Tetko Igor V. , Wegner Jörg K.
Published: February 2025

Retrosynthesis consists of recursively breaking down a target molecule to produce a synthesis route composed of readily accessible building blocks. In recent years, computer-aided synthesis planning methods have allowed a greater exploration of potential synthesis routes, combining state-of-the-art machine-learning methods with chemical knowledge. However, these methods are generally developed to produce individual routes from a singular product to a set of proposed building blocks and are not designed to leverage potential shared paths between targets. These methods do not necessarily encompass real-world use cases in medicinal chemistry, where one seeks to synthesize sets of target compounds in a library mode, looking for maximal convergence into a shared retrosynthetic path going via advanced key intermediate compounds. Using a graph-based processing pipeline, we explore Johnson & Johnson Electronic Laboratory Notebooks (J&J ELN) and publicly available datasets to identify complex routes with multiple target molecules sharing common intermediates, producing convergent synthesis routes. We find that over 70% of all reactions are involved in convergent synthesis, covering over 80% of all projects in the case of J&J ELN data.

Scientific contribution

We introduce a novel planning approach to develop convergent synthesis routes, which can search multiple products and intermediates simultaneously guided by state-of-the-art machine learning single-step retrosynthesis models, enhancing the overall efficiency and practical applicability of retrosynthetic planning. We evaluate the multi-step synthesis planning approach using the extracted convergent routes and observe that solvability is generally high across those routes, being able to identify a convergent route for over 80% of the test routes and showing an individual compound solvability of over 90%. We find that by using a convergent search approach, we can synthesize almost 30% more compounds simultaneously for J&J ELN as compared to using an individual search, while providing an increased use of common intermediates.
Machine learning-based prediction of elliptical double steel columns under compression loading
Authors: Ren Yang , Isleem Haytham F. , Almoghaye Walaa J. K. , Hamed Abdelrahman Kamal , Jangir Pradeep , Arpita  , Tejani Ghanshyam G. , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Soliman Ahmed A.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the prediction of axial load capacity (P) for elliptical double steel columns (EDSCs) using a diverse set of machine learning models (MLMs). These include Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF), and AdaBoost. Among the models, AdaBoost demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R2 of 0.996 and a MAPE of 0.013 during training, outperforming other models under identical conditions. Using a dataset of 119 finite element models derived from prior experimental research, the study validates the proposed solution through k-fold cross-validation, feature importance analysis, and detailed comparisons with experimental data. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed specifically for the AdaBoost model due to its superior accuracy and efficiency, offering engineers a practical and accessible tool for axial load prediction in EDSC design. This research highlights the significance of using advanced machine learning techniques for structural engineering applications, providing valuable insights for the optimization of EDSC performance and design under varying conditions.
Snakebites and resource utilization in pediatric urban and rural populations in the United States: 2016–2023
Authors: Jeffries Kristyn , Sanders Sara C. , Ekdahl Rachel , Williford Dustin E. , Taylor Maxwell , Fisher Charalene , Filipek Jacob , Slagle Brittany , Birisci Esma , Cantu Rebecca M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Nearly 7,000 snakebite injuries are reported yearly in the United States, with almost one quarter of those in the pediatric population. Due to increased exposure to snakes, rural children may experience different clinical outcomes for snakebite injuries. The goal of this study was to examine differences in resource utilization of rural and urban pediatric patients with snakebite injuries.

Methods

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients aged 21 years and under presenting with venomous snakebites in the United States from January 1, 2016, through March 31, 2023, using the Pediatric Hospital Information System database and ICD-10 codes indicating snakebites. Comparisons were conducted to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics in association with resource utilization and complications between patients living in rural areas and patients living in urban areas.

Results

The study included 2,633 patients from 23 states. The median age was 9 years; 61% of patients were male. Most patients were in the South and over 70% resided in urban areas. 82% of the population was admitted to a hospital, with median length of stay 1.59 days. Compared to urban patients, rural patients were more likely to be admitted and receive antivenom but were less likely to have an intensive care unit admission and have abnormal coagulation studies.

Conclusions

Rural pediatric patients with snakebites had different resource utilization and clinical complications than urban patients.
The influence of heatwaves on traffic safety in five cities across Québec with different thermal landscapes
Authors: Nazif-Munoz José Ignacio , Gilani Vahid Najafi Moghaddam , Rana Juwel , Choma Ernani , Spengler John D. , Cedeno-Laurent José Guillermo
Published: February 2025

Background

This study assesses the impact of heatwaves on road safety in five Québec cities (Montréal, Québec City, Laval, Longueuil, and Sherbrooke) from June to September 2015–2022. Using Urban Heat Island (UHI), 90th and 95th percentile thresholds for heatwaves, we analyze their effects on collisions, traffic injuries, and killed and seriously injured (KSI) cases.

Methods

Traffic data were analyzed across two heatwave definitions, utilizing a time-stratified case-crossover design. UHI was approximated using the annual maximum of mean warm-season land surface temperatures (LST) derived from Landsat 8 (30 m resolution) over three consecutive years, identifying areas that stay hotter during the day and radiate excess heat at night. Heatwaves were defined as periods of at least two consecutive days with mean temperatures exceeding the historical 90th or 95th percentile of mean temperatures. Negative Binomial regression models were used to examine associations between UHI, heatwave events and traffic incidents. Models controlled for time varying variables such as rainfall, seasonality, and COVID-19 impacts.

Results

Heatwaves, particularly at the 95th percentile threshold, significantly increased traffic incidents in Montréal and Longueuil. In Sherbrooke, the 90th percentile threshold showed significant effects on collisions and injuries, while Québec City and Laval exhibit no significant associations. UHIs show a modest overall increase in collisions (IRR: 1.07) but limited effects on traffic injuries and KSI. Differences across cities highlight Montréal's higher IRR for collisions under heatwaves and lower IRR for KSI compared to Québec and Longueuil respectively.

Discussion and conclusion

The results indicate that cities like Montréal and Longueuil, with slightly stronger UHI and higher susceptibility to heatwaves, face increased road safety risks. However, UHI levels in Montréal were not significantly different from those in other cities, and heatwaves at the 95th percentile showed variability across regions. These findings highlight the need for targeted climate-adaptive strategies, such as green spaces and heat-reflective materials, to mitigate risks. Integrating climate resilience into urban planning remains critical as extreme weather events grow more frequent.
Medicare in Treacherous Markets: From Community Bake Sales to Private Equity
Authors: Morone James A.
Published: February 2025

Medicare's 60th birthday marks a shocking milestone for social democrats: More than half of all beneficiaries are signed up with private insurance plans that routinely deny payments. This paper flips the focus from the government program itself to the broader health care markets in which Medicare operates. I show how Medicare has lived through four very different health market eras. Each involves new kinds of medical institutions, new financial logics, and new thinking about what markets are and what role they ought to play in the program. First, during the long battle over Medicare, government programs and markets were (quite mistakenly) viewed as simple opposites. Second, in the 1970s, a new view emerged: Competition between HMOs would provide enrollees choice of providers, enhancing quality and lowering costs. Third, in the 1980s, Republicans pressed market choices into Medicare – drawing on rhetorical images from a bygone era; as conservatives were imagining medical markets, corporations arrived, asserted vast controls over medicine, and redirected consumer choice itself -- from selecting health providers to picking between insurance plans. Finally, beginning in the 2000s, private equity poured into health care and, once again, transformed the market. By Medicare's 60th birthday, enrollees found themselves in turbulent new era as health care in America was growing increasingly monetized.
Improving bench-to-bedside translation for acute graft-versus-host disease models
Authors: McDaniel Mims Brianyell , Furr Kathryn L. , Enriquez Josue , Grisham Matthew B.
Published: February 2025

The transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells is a potentially curative treatment for hematological malignancies, inherited blood disorders and immune deficiencies. Unfortunately, 30-50% of patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells will develop a potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease called acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). In patients with aGVHD, graft-associated T cells, which typically target the skin, intestinal tract and liver, can also damage the lungs and lymphoid tissue. Damage to lymphoid tissue creates prolonged immunodeficiency that markedly increases the risk of infections and bleeding, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Although mouse models of aGVHD have been instrumental to our understanding of this condition's pathogenesis, translation of preclinical data into new and more effective treatments for human disease has been limited for reasons that remain to be fully understood. However, evidence suggests that factors associated with mouse models of aGVHD likely contribute to these unsatisfactory results. In this Review, we identify and discuss the specific factors inherent to mouse models of aGVHD that may limit the translation of preclinical data to patient treatment, and suggest how to improve the translatability of these models.
Robust behavioral assessment of the inducible Friedreich's ataxia mouse does not show improvement with NRF2 induction
Authors: Montgomery Claire B. , Salinas Lili , Cox Garrett P. , Adcock Lauren E. , Chang Tiffany , Figueroa Francisco , Cortopassi Gino , Dedkova Elena N.
Published: February 2025

Friedreich's ataxia, a recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the frataxin (Fxn) gene, has few mouse models that demonstrate a progressive behavioral decline paralleling patients. A mouse model of systemic frataxin deficiency, the FXNKD, was recently developed using a doxycycline inducible method; it is thought to mimic the patient phenotype seen where frataxin levels are decreased, but it is not determined whether it is reliable for assessment of therapeutics. FXNKD mice underwent testing for twelve weeks alongside littermates, undergoing tests of motor function, gait, and sensation. Additionally, a subset underwent treatment with NRF2-inducer omaveloxolone or dimethyl fumarate. We identified multiple techniques which sensitively detect their decline, including open field, gait analysis, and Von Frey. Futhermore, we developed a novel Salinas-Montgomery Ataxia Scale (SMAS) which allows for more comprehensive assessment versus a 4-part cerebellar ataxia scale. Despite validating multiple sensitive techniques, we did not see any benefits of NRF2-inducing therapies in any tests. This was exacerbated by the discovery of a sexual dimorphism in FXNKD mice, in which males show a more significant decline and better responsiveness to NRF2-inducing therapeutics.