bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tierra y trabajo en las haciendas de cofradías indígenas de Yucatán, siglo XVIII
Authors: Robleda Gabriela Solís
Published: January 2018

El estudio de las haciendas vinculadas a las cofradías, que se crearon y fomentaron en los pueblos mayas, nos brinda una imagen de la complejidad de las sociedad que las produjo. Estas haciendas fueron proyectos promovidos por la dirigencia indígena. La información sobre estas empresasa permites posutlas que la élite nativa mantucp una de sus principales funciones, que era la de dirigir y organizar el esfuerzo colectivo, al mismo tiempo que evidencia su capacidad de adaptación a las condiciones impuestas.
Se analizan dos variables: la tenencia de la tierra y la organización laboral. El caso de esta tenencia es complejo pues coexiste con las tierras comunales, las corporativas y las privadas y con una estrategia que reforzó la propiedad corporativa. En lo que respecta a la cuestión laboral, es posible observar que distintas formas de acceso al trabajo fueron utilzadas por quienen administraban estas unidades productivas, ya sea continuando los mecanismos propios como adaptando aquelles impuestos, pues se consignaron tanto al trabajo colecticvo y el asalariado como el de comisionados poe el cabildo, el de servidores de iglesia y luneros.
Grupos de filiación y movilidad poblacional. Los chi'bales y la migración de los mayas en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Moreno Paola Peniche
Published: January 2018

El siglo XVIII en Yucatán se caracterizó por el intenso flujo migratorio de la población indígena que abandonó sus pueblos de origen para trasladarse a las numerosas fincas españolas que se estaban desarrollando en la península. En el presente artículo se analizan las características esenciales que delineaban al chi’bal o linaje patrilineal, como una de las unidades básicas de organización social de los mayas coloniales, y el papel que éstos desempeñaron en la movilidad poblacional en el siglo XVIII. En este trabajo se parte de la noción de que los desplazamientos no sucedieron de manera aislada, sino que fueron producto de importantes transformaciones políticas, sociales e inclusive territoriales en los lugares de origen y en aquellos de destino. El planteamiento central es que si bien la migración afectó ciertos ámbitos de la organización sociopolítica indígena, contribuyó a la perpetuación de los mecanismos básicos de convivencia nativa, como eran los linajes.
Comentario. Yucatán: actualidad del pasado
Authors: Richard Carlos Macías
Published: January 2018

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La influencia de la esclavitud en la estructura doméstica y la familia en Jamaica, Cuba y Brasil
Authors: Stolcke Verena
Published: January 2018

Durante mediados de la década de 1970, los académicos impugnaron, respecto a Estados Unidos y las Antillas, el planteamiento que relacionaba la actual desorganización de las familias negras con la experiencia de la esclavitud. En contraste con el énfasis anterior —basado casi exclusivamente— en las restricciones que oprimieron a los esclavos, la autora examina y compara, en el caso de Jamaica, Cuba y Brasil, los efectos que la sexualidad y los patrones de formación de pareja tuvieron dentro de las opciones disponibles para que los negros desarrollaran conductas de familia e ideales propios. Durante la esclavitud y desde entonces, en los distintos patrones de formación de pareja y estructuras de composición del hogar, el punto crítico es la jerarquía de género que invistió a los hombres con el papel activo, dominante. La autora concluye que la sexualidad, los patrones de formación de pareja y los tipos de hogar son el resultado de la interacción entre las jerarquías racial-clasistas, los ideales familiares dominantes y la ideología de género.
La declaración de Jacinto Canek, 1761
Authors: Autor Sin
Published: January 2018

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Caminos de la resistencia maya
Authors: Linares Ferderico Navarrete
Published: January 2018

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Los oficios de la maternidad. Una mirada desde la antropología médica
Authors: Montes Soledad González
Published: January 2018

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Presentación.
Authors: Dalton Margarita , Ponce Patricia
Published: January 2018

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Sexualidades costeñas
Authors: Ponce Patricia
Published: January 2018

Las sociedades occidentales somos herederas —en parte— de la tradición judeocristiana cuyas valoraciones y conceptualizaciones sobre la sexualidad tienen sus orígenes en los preceptos del judaísmo y el estoicismo helénico y romano que organizan un nuevo sistema sexual basado en el matrimonio religioso, como único espacio legítimo para ejercer la sexualidad orientada exclusivamente a la reproducción; la desaprobación de la homosexualidad y del sexo realizado solamente por placer. Al paso del tiempo esta moral cristiana se ha generalizado formando parte del sentido común, nuestro comportamiento sexual va siendo moldeado por esta cultura que acompaña al surgimiento y
desarrollo del Estado moderno. Siguiendo a Foucault, las prácticas sexuales hasta finales del siglo XVIII estaban regidas por la ley civil,la pastoral cristiana y el derecho canónico; a partir de ese siglo, y a lo largo del XIX empiezan a surgir las instituciones, saberes y normas que aunque cada vez más laicas se convierten en las herederas de la
moral cristiana.
El desacato de criticar
Authors: Lamas Marta
Published: January 2018

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Varones, reproducción y derechos. ¿Podemos combinar estos términos?
Authors: Figueroa Juan Guillermo
Published: January 2018

Este texto forma parte de un proyecto de investigación sobre las relaciones que existen entre los varones y los procesos reproductivos, con especial énfasis en lo que las categorías de salud y de derechos reproductivos aportan a dichas relaciones. El proyecto contempló en su primera etapa una revisión del debate nacional e internacional sobre el concepto de derechos reproductivos y una sistematización de algunos de los principales problemas al definir el término y al investigar sobre el tema (Figueroa, 1995 y 1996a). Paralelamente se realizó una crítica a las categorías utilizadas en el análisis demográfico y en el médico al pretender dar cuentas de la reproducción (Figueroa,1998a), con lo cual se identificaron elementos para incorporar la identidad de género, la sexualidad y la salud al estudio de la reproducción en la experiencia de los varones (Figueroa, 1998b y 1999). Ello permitió que emergiera de una manera más clara la necesidad de cuestionar la forma en que los varones se relacionan con su cuerpo y con otros cuerpos con los que regularmente interactúan, lo cual permite repensar el análisis de la relación entre varones y salud reproductiva (Figueroa, 1998b).
La era de la información.
Authors: Alonso Jorge
Published: January 2018

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Tabú.Sexo, identidad y subjetividad erótica en la antropología.
Authors: Reartes Diana , Castañeda Elena
Published: January 2018

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Filología y etnohistoria. Una breve historia de la "nueva filología" en Norteamérica
Authors: Restall Matthew
Published: January 2018

Se ha sugerido con frecuencia que hay dos razones que explican la peculiar vitalidad de la etnohistoria de la Mesoamérica colonial. Hace unos cuantos años, John Kicza (1995:240) definió con elocuencia estas dos razones al citar, en primer lugar, la "integridad" y el "vigor" de las civilizaciones indígenas desde tiempos precolombinos hasta el presente y , en segundo lugar, la riqueza y diversidad de las fuentes documentales relevantes al tema. Sin disputar este argumento —de hecho partiendo de la noción que estos dos factores pueden fungir como supuestos—quisiera sugerir que existe un tercer factor que es asimismo pertinente: la concatenación de las actividades de un grupo diverso de investigadores que ha creado una visión colectiva metodológica e interpretativa, y un impulso constructivo que ha permitido la concreción y el desarrollo de dicha visión.
Memoria y epónima en la demanda chichimeca moquiuixca. Cuauhtinchan y la Historia tolteca chichimeca en vísperas de reformas, 1546-1555
Authors: Seneff Andrew Roth
Published: January 2018

Si no existe "una esfera objetiva de verdad" desde la cual podemos historiar, entonces tenemos que establecer el "lugar" desde donde se produce un discurso histórico y sus temas. Por eso, un problema metodológico muy importante es cómo ubicar la producción de una obra histórica y su temática.
Las vicisitudes de La Internacional Comunista
Authors: Spenser Daniela
Published: January 2018

Por iniciativa de Vladimir Ilich Lenin, la Tercera Internacional o Internacional Comunista se fundó en 1919 para que bajo el liderazgo de los bolcheviques promoviera la revolución mundial. Después de múltiples cambios de objetivos y formas de organización Josef Visarionovich Stalin la disolvió durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En la lucha por preservar la seguridad de la URSS el dirigente ruso necesitaba demostrar a sus aliados en el combate total contra el nazisfascismo que el gobierno de la Unión Sociética se disociaba de una organización cuyo objetivo había sido derrocar el régimen burgués y el sistema capitalista.
Bailes de negros
Authors: Beltrán Gonzalo Aguirre
Published: January 2018

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Los ciclos de la democracia. Gobierno y elecciones en Chihuahua.
Authors: Alonso Jorge
Published: January 2018

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Mirando… ¿hacia afuera?
Authors: Ortoll Servando
Published: January 2018

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Presentación. Lo visual en antropología
Authors: Dalton Margarita
Published: January 2018

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Hacia una práctica transdisciplinar: reflexiones a partir del documental de investigación
Authors: Roca Lourdes
Published: January 2018

¿Cómo nos acercamos al conocimiento histórico el común de las personas? En la infancia, durante numerosas generaciones, una enseñanza todavía limitada en muchos aspectos nos ha saturado de datos a memorizar permitiéndonos la incorporación, asimilación y articulación de muy pocos de ellos. Por suerte, esta situación está cambiando, por lo que paulatinamente tenemos nuevas generaciones de estudiantes que están construyendo una visión cada vez menos acartonada y mucho más abierta de la historia.
El abandono de la arrogancia
Authors: Amézquita Irma
Published: January 2018

Por primera vez concebimos al planeta como una unidad de relaciones. La globalización, con sus dinámicas de migración, hibridación, flujos, roces e intersecciones, exige un nuevo ethos que la antropología, en su oficio de encuentro con los otros, puede ayudar a configurar. A traves de un análisis de los relatos de viajeros y los escritos etnográficos de los primeros antropólogos hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX, la crítica Mary Louise Pratt encuentra, bajo la escrituraneutra, en apariencia, ciertas observaciones de los estudiosos occidentales que evidencian las consecuencias del colonialismo. Desde luego, los antropólogos bajo análisis no se percataron, en el trabajo de campo o en la redacción etnográfica, de dichas implicaciones. Debemos a la perspectiva histórica y al contraste de los análisis textuales la luz sobre estos ángulos de reflexión.
Boturini y Eisenstein
Authors: Leiva Agustín Aragón
Published: January 2018

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Pierre Bourdieu: hombre de una pieza que no se dejó designar con una palabra
Authors: Villarreal Claudia C. Zamorano
Published: January 2018

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Pierre Bourdieu y Günter Grass: la tradición de "abrir el hocico"
Authors: Autor Sin
Published: January 2018

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Microhistorias del cine en México
Authors: Montfort Ricardo Pérez
Published: January 2018

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Identidades étnicas y conflicto agrario
Authors: Giasson Patrice
Published: January 2018

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Le poète à l’essai : une transaction secrète chez Ralph Waldo Emerson
Authors: Gardes Yves
Published: January 2018

Dans « The Poet », Emerson donne à lire deux voix de prime abord irréconciliables, qui semblent pourtant cohabiter : une première voix narrative, celle de l’essai, et une seconde voix silencieuse, celle du poète. Installées dans un dialogue de sourds, ces voix alternent sans jamais se répondre. Cet article propose ainsi de mettre en évidence la transaction secrète qui a cours entre ces deux voix dans « The Poet », de préciser les raisons de leur impossible collision, et d’explorer les possibilités de leur réconciliation dans d’autres essais.
“Act Two for America”: Narcissism, Money, and the Death of American Literature in Gary Shteyngart's Super Sad True Love Story
Authors: Bullen Ross
Published: January 2018

Gary Shteyngart's Super Sad True Love Story is set in a dystopian New York City of the not-so-distant, and uncannily familiar, future. Shteyngart's America is hopelessly indebted to China, has ceded government control of the military to private corporations, and is populated by a citizenry narcissistically enthralled with hand-held media devices called “äppäräti.” In this article, I examine how Shteyngart depicts the collapse of the United States as a global power as a corollary to the devaluation of US currency and the end of American literature as a mode of cultural production. Money, literature, and American national identity are all yoked to the concept of narcissism in Shteyngart's novel. American narcissism has often been supported by narratives of US exceptionalism, which represent the United States as the centre of global geopolitics, New York City as the global centre of culture and commerce, the US dollar as the de facto currency of a global economy, and American literature as valuable cultural capital. However, when the US loses its place as a global superpower in Super Sad True Love Story, it is significant that many of the novel's characters—especially Shteyngart's narrator, Lenny Abramov—note this loss primarily in terms of their changed relationships with both money and literature. I read Shteyngart's novel as a (sometimes failed) critique of the role of narcissism in establishing bonds of national, economic, and literary belonging, and of the ways in which globalization and economic crises can destabilize these affective connections.
Overcoming Dicey in administrative law
Authors: Stack Kevin M
Published: January 2018

Matthew Lewans’s and Adrian Vermeule’s books demonstrate the triumph of a Thayerian approach to administrative law, which sees legal interpretation as a shared enterprise, over a Diceyian one, which views it as the exclusive province of courts. Their historical, comparative, and analytic treatments expose the depth of the institutional settlement in the United States and Canada in which courts have come to accept that the functional reasons for legislative delegation to administrative agencies – some combination of the agencies’ greater expertise, specialization, capacity, flexibility, and accountability – also justify judicial deference. These demonstrations reveal how much of our accumulated legal developments resurgent Diceyian critics of the administrative state and administrative law seek to cast aside. While largely fellow travellers, these books hold different lessons about the scope and grounds of law. For Vermeule, the diminished place of courts amounts to a larger abnegation of law. But the retreat of courts entails a retreat of law only if one holds on to an identification of law with the courts. In contrast, for Lewans, legitimate judicial deference to agencies is conditioned on agencies complying with the rule-of-law values of fair process and public reason giving. As a result, for Lewans, judicial deference does not mark a diminution of law but, rather, an occasion for judicial enforcement of legal values that apply independently of administrative agencies. These books thus leave us to ask: does law diminish as courts recede or does it still inhere, perhaps even more urgently, in administrative bodies?
Adenosine-induced cardiac standstill for endovascular treatment of pediatric vein of Galen malformations
Authors: Yoon Nam K. , Scoville Jonathan P. , Taussky Philipp
Published: January 2018

Vein of Galen malformations are congenital high-flow vascular malformations that often present with heart failure, hydrocephalus, developmental delay, and intracranial hemorrhage. Because open surgical treatment is associated with high morbidity and mortality, endovascular embolization is increasingly becoming the preferred method of intervention. However, embolization of these lesions can be difficult because of their high-flow nature. The use of adenosine-induced cardiac standstill for treatment of vein of Galen malformations has not been previously described in neonates. The authors describe 3 treatments in 2 patients that demonstrate that the use of adenosine is well tolerated and allows safe transarterial embolization of high-flow vein of Galen malformations in the pediatric population.
Early experience of placing image-guided minimally invasive pedicle screws without K-wires or bone-anchored trackers
Authors: Malham Gregory M. , Parker Rhiannon M.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Image guidance for spine surgery has been reported to improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and reduce revision rates and radiation exposure. Current navigation and robot-assisted techniques for percutaneous screws rely on bone-anchored trackers and Kirchner wires (K-wires). There is a paucity of published data regarding the placement of image-guided percutaneous screws without K-wires. A new skin-adhesive stereotactic patient tracker (SpineMask) eliminates both an invasive bone-anchored tracker and K-wires for pedicle screw placement. This study reports the authors’ early experience with the use of SpineMask for “K-wireless” placement of minimally invasive pedicle screws and makes recommendations for its potential applications in lumbar fusion.

METHODS

Forty-five consecutive patients (involving 204 screws inserted) underwent K-wireless lumbar pedicle screw fixation with SpineMask and intraoperative neuromonitoring. Screws were inserted by percutaneous stab or Wiltse incisions. If required, decompression with or without interbody fusion was performed using mini-open midline incisions. Multimodality intraoperative neuromonitoring assessing motor and sensory responses with triggered electromyography (tEMG) was performed. Computed tomography scans were obtained 2 days postoperatively to assess screw placement and any cortical breaches. A breach was defined as any violation of a pedicle screw involving the cortical bone of the pedicle.

RESULTS

Fourteen screws (7%) required intraoperative revision. Screws were removed and repositioned due to a tEMG response < 13 mA, tactile feedback, and 3D fluoroscopic assessment. All screws were revised using the SpineMask with the same screw placement technique. The highest proportion of revisions occurred with Wiltse incisions (4/12, 33%) as this caused the greatest degree of SpineMask deformation, followed by a mini midline incision (3/26, 12%). Percutaneous screws via a single stab incision resulted in the fewest revisions (7/166, 4%). Postoperative CT demonstrated 7 pedicle screw breaches (3%; 5 lateral, 1 medial, 1 superior), all with percutaneous stab incisions (7/166, 4%). The radiological accuracy of the SpineMask tracker was 97% (197/204 screws). No patients suffered neural injury or required postoperative screw revision.

CONCLUSIONS

The noninvasive cutaneous SpineMask tracker with 3D image guidance and tEMG monitoring provided high accuracy (97%) for percutaneous pedicle screw placement via stab incisions without K-wires.
Ossified ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine presenting as spontaneous intracranial hypotension: case report
Authors: Turel Mazda K. , Kerolus Mena G. , O’Toole John E.
Published: January 2018

Ossification of the ligament flavum in the thoracic spine is an uncommon radiological finding in the Western population but can present with back pain, varying degrees of myelopathy, and even paraplegia on occasion. The authors here present the case of a 50-year-old woman with a history of progressive back pain and symptoms of spontaneous intracranial hypotension who was found to have an ossified ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine resulting in a dural erosion cerebrospinal fluid leak. Surgery involved removal of the ossified ligament flavum at T10–11, facetectomy, ligation of the nerve root, and primary closure of the dura, which resulted in complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms. Radiological, clinical, and intraoperative findings are discussed to assist surgeons with an accurate diagnosis and treatment in the setting of this unusual presentation.
Stereochemical Aspects of the Hydrogenolysis of Derivatives of Terpenoid and Steroidal Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: January 2018

The stereochemical factors that affect the hydrogenolysis of allylic and homoallylic terpenoid and steroidal functional groups by reagents involving catalytic, radical, hydride and ionising metal systems are described.
Synthesis and Properties of D–π–A Structural Imidazole-Triphenylamine Derivatives
Authors: Peng Hua-Nan , Yu Ye , Liu Xiao-Hui , Zheng Jie , Cheng Hao , Hu Xin
Published: January 2018

Four novel D-π-A structural 1-aryl-2-[4-(N,N-diphenyl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazoles have been synthesised. Their synthesis, thermal stability, optical properties and electrochemical behaviour have also been investigated. These compounds exhibit increased thermal stability, blue emissions and intramolecular charge transfer. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of these compounds were calculated from electrochemical measurements.
A Convenient Synthesis of Gimeracil
Authors: Li Xiao-lin , Zhu Hao-ting , Zhan Li , Liu Ting , Cheng Guang , Liu Ning , Yu Shan-bao , Li Hui , Luo Yu , Yang Fan , Tang Jie
Published: January 2018

A practical three-step synthetic approach to gimeracil in a 68% overall yield is described, using 2,4-dimethoxypyridine as the starting material with 3,5-dichloro-2,4-dimethoxypyridine and 3,5-dichloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine as intermediates. The advantages of this procedure include short reaction steps, simple operation and good yield.
Picture Fuzzy Hamacher Aggregation Operators and their Application to Multiple Attribute Decision Making
Authors: Wei Guiwu
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem based on the arithmetic, geometric aggregation operators and Hamacher operations with picture fuzzy information. Then, motivated by the ideal of traditional arithmetic, geometric aggregation operators and Hamacher operations, we have developed some aggregation operators for aggregating picture fuzzy information: picture fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators, picture fuzzy Hamacher geometric aggregation operators, picture fuzzy Hamacher correlated aggregation operators, induced picture fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators, induced picture fuzzy Hamacher correlated aggregation operators, picture fuzzy Hamacher prioritized aggregation operators, picture fuzzy Hamacher power aggregation operators. Then, we have utilized these operators to develop some approaches to solve the picture fuzzy multiple attribute decision making problems. Finally, a practical example for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system selection is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
A clinical case series investigating the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Janssen Jessie , Bunce Megan , Nixon John , Dunbar Mandy , Jones Sam , Benstead Jackie , Jeanes Yvonne , Selfe James , Richards Jim
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:

Despite clinical intervention, people with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) experience difficulties in gait and balance on a daily basis. However, the effects on these variables of a tailored home based exercise programme for this population have not been investigated.

PURPOSE:

This case series aims to investigate the effects of a home based tailored exercise programme on gait and balance in people with CIDP.

METHODS:

Case series of seven people with CIDP from a neurology department of a local hospital. Participants took part in a 6 week Otago exercise programme, which include walking, strengthening and balance tasks. Participants were assessed 10 times; 3 times prior, 3 times during an exercise intervention, 3 times post intervention and once at three months follow up. The outcome measures were Berg Balance scale, 10 meter walk test, fatigue severity scale and EQ-5D-5L.

RESULTS:

Participants showed an increase in walking speed and balance after the exercise intervention and most kept these improvements at 3 months follow up.

CONCLUSION:

This study shows that exercise can be beneficial for gait and balance in people with CIDP. These findings are in line with literature from related diseases such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome. However studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings in the population.
Diagnosis and management of femoroacetabular impingement: A review of the literature
Authors: O’Shea Aidan , Crowley Claire , Crowley Diarmuid
Published: January 2018

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is being increasingly diagnosed as a cause of hip pain among young and middle-aged adults, and is now recognised as a likely cause of early osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. There are two main forms, “cam” impingement and “pincer” impingement, although the vast majority of cases have a combination of both forms known as “mixed” impingement. Over time, repetitive abnormal contact between the femoral head and acetabulum can result in chondral, labral, and eventually osseous pathology. A detailed history and physical examination in conjunction with radiological imaging help in the diagnosis of FAI. Diagnosis is made difficult by the fact that many asymptomatic patients have the characteristic features of FAI on imaging. Most patients should have a trial of conservative management prior to consideration for surgery. Arthroscopic and open surgical treatments are available, with neither showing superior outcomes. In general, early outcomes of surgical treatment appear to be favourable, however these outcomes are limited to a hip joint with little or no evidence of OA. Further high quality research is required to investigate the optimal approach to diagnosing and managing this complex condition.
Intensive care discharge facilitation using the REhabilitation after Critical illness Assisted discharge Pack (RECAP) model: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gilmartin Máire , Moran Fidelma , Segurado Ricardo , O’Neill Brenda
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

There is limited evidence to guide the delivery of rehabilitation during ward-based recovery post intensive care (ICU). The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of augmenting usual care physiotherapy with the REhabilitation after Critical illness Assisted discharge Pack (RECAP) in the initial 3 weeks after ICU discharge and to explore the feasibility of conducting a fully powered RECAP trial.

METHODS:

Twenty patients with an ICU stay greater than 4 days and referred to physiotherapy were randomized to receive usual care or usual care plus RECAP. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were used to measure physical and psychological function respectively, with blinded assessments completed at weeks 1 and 3 after ICU discharge. Patient satisfaction with rehabilitation was explored with a short questionnaire.

RESULTS:

A recruitment rate of 72% (21/29 eligible patients) was observed. The intervention was successfully delivered to n = 8 patients with a median of 4.0 (IRQ 2.0–4.0) sessions. 45% of study participants were discharged before the study endpoint. The intervention group reported higher satisfaction scores (44.5/50 +/–5.9 vs 42.8/50 +/–7.6). No adverse events were reported. Intervention delivery appeared feasible and aspects to further enhance the intervention were identified.

CONCLUSION:

RECAP is a short, safe intervention to deliver in combination with ward-based rehabilitation after ICU discharge. Further research is required to optimise RECAP before exploring any effects on physical or psychological function. Methods to overcome challenges to conducting future trials, including defining standards of usual care and choice of appropriate outcome measure could be further explored.
Effectiveness of voluntary restraint in comparison to modified constraint-induced movement therapy in people with chronic stroke
Authors: Kaura Surbhi , Walia Shefali , Shrivastav Achal K. , Noohu Majumi M.
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:

Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been found to be an effective intervention for the treatment of upper extremity motor disabilities in people with stroke. There are many concerns around practicality and resource issues with CIMT, consequently there are various modifications in CIMT in terms of duration of constraint and type of constraints used.

PURPOSE:

The main objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of voluntary constraint and hand mitt use in modified CIMT (mCIMT) in people with chronic stroke.

METHODS:

The study was a pre-post experimental design. A total of 20 participants were allocated randomly to two groups, with 10 participants in each group. The outcome measures used were the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT, time and functional ability scale, FAS) and a Motor Activity Log (MAL), amount of use (AOU) and quality of movement (QOM). The total duration of the intervention was 4 weeks with frequency of 5 days per week. The participants in group 1 were asked to do voluntary constraint and in group 2 a hand mitt was used to restrain the use of normal hand function during the training. The activities used in hand function training were the same for both the groups.

RESULTS:

There was no significant difference between groups after the intervention for WMFT time ( t = 0.63, p = 0.5), WMFT FAS ( t = –0.22, p = 0.8), MAL AOU ( t = –0.25, p = 0.8) and MAL QOM ( t = –0.28, p = 0.7). However there was a significant difference between pre-post scores in both groups for WMFT time group 1: t = 31.4, group 2: t = 23.9, p = 0.001 p = 0.001), WMFT FAS ( t = –13.5, p = 0.01, group 2: t = –16.54, p = 0.001), MAL AOU (group 1: t = –10.7, p = 0.001, group 2: t = –9.9, p = 0.001) and MAL AOU QOM (group 1: t = –8.04, p = 0.001, group 2: t = –6.7, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Voluntary restraint can be an effective alternative constraint technique used in mCIMT to improve the hand function of the affected arm in people with stroke.
ALIA. The Inclusion of Unaccompanied Minors in Italy
Authors: Catarci Marco , Rocchi Matilde
Published: January 2018

The article explores the inclusion of unaccompanied migrant children reaching Italy without their parents or a legal guardian. It aims at presenting the results of a qualitative research conducted in Rome in 2016, through semi-structured interviews. The research shows the difficult conditions of such children, arriving to Italy through a perilous and traumatic journey despite their young age. The Italian reception system for unaccompanied migrant children still largely focuses on material needs, while paying little attention to the educational, social and economic needs. Particularly, the quest to send money to their families in the country of origin makes access to education difficult and leads often the children to work irregularly, thus being exploited. Furthermore, the current Italian legal system is not adequate to defend the rights and to support the integration of this particular category of migrants, especially in their transition into adulthood. 
School, curriculum and technology: the what and how of their connections
Authors: Fedeli Laura
Published: January 2018

Technology is, here, meant as an umbrella concept that finds its location in some dimensions of the school governance such as a practice of scrutiny and a means to develop teacher training, but mostly as part of students' background and expectations to be shared in a co-constructed curriculum.Technologies, nowadays, have been developing a new "world order" where education can cover some of the gaps students can hardly handle by just "living" the digital reality in which they are fully involved also thanks to a continuous online connection aided by the mobile devices.Being autonomous in managing online contacts and information doesn't mean being digitally confident citizens and educational institutions can help identifying personalized and self-regulated learning path where students' needs and potentialities can find in the collaborative construction of the curriculum a common ground which ensure equity of the educational offer and respect of diversity at the same time. 
Curriculum and inclusion: critical issues and redefinition lines
Authors: Giaconi Catia , Del Bianco Noemi , Capellini Simone , Taddei Arianna
Published: January 2018

Lo scopo di questo articolo è quello di analizzare il nucleo della coppia curriculum-inclusione secondo una specifica interpretazione che riconsidera l'identità inclusiva degli istituti scolastici, in grado di programmare un curriculum equilibrato sia nelle richieste disciplinari che nelle aree di qualità della vita, per tutti gli studenti , con e senza disabilità. Partendo dal quadro teorico della Qualità della vita, gli autori, dopo l'illustrazione delle problematiche relative al contesto italiano e brasiliano e facendo riferimento a due studi pilota con insegnanti specializzati, individuano alcune aree di intervento che potrebbero portare a considerare il curriculum in una prospettiva inclusiva, senza l'individuazione di specifiche forme curricolari, esclusivamente dedicate a questa prospettiva.
Callus Derived Regeneration of Some Selected Brassica Genotypes
Authors: Biswas S K , Tareq M Z , Ahmmed S , Hoque A B M Z , Rahman M T
Published: January 2018

The experiment was conducted to observe the callus induction ability of Brassica species. Plantlets were regenerated from cotyledon and stem explants of Brassica napus, Brassica campestris and Brassica juncea through direct organogenesis. The experiments were conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The highest frequency of callus formation was recorded in MS containing 2.0 mgl-1 BAP, 0.5 mgl-1 NAA and 2.0 mgl-1 AgNO3 in both stem and cotyledon explants. Among these explants, stem was found to be better responsive in callus induction than cotyledon. Among the genotypes used, BINA Sarisha-4 induced the highest percentage (100.00%) of callus from stem explants which was followed by BINA Sarisha-5 (100.00%) and Sampad (83.35%). On the other hand, BINA Sarisha-4 induced callus from 91.67% cotyledon explants, followed by BINA Sarisha-5 (75.00%) and Sampad (66.67%). Similarly, the highest percentage of shoot regeneration (58.34%) from stem explants of BINA Sarisha-4 was observed in MS medium supplemented with combination of hormone and silver nitrate concentrations. The highest percentage of root induction was 66.67 and 58.33% in plantlets derived from stem and cotyledon explants, respectively in ½ MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 IBA and 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA. The highest survival rate was found after acclimatization of plants derived from stem (77.78%) and cotyledon (64.28%) explants of BINA Sarisha-4 in pot and 64.33 and 55.55%, respectively in field.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 01-10
Technical Efficiency of the Setbag Net Fishery in Bangladesh: An Application of a Stochastic Production Frontier Model
Authors: Golam Rabbani Md , Akhtaruzzaman Khan Md , Serajul Islam M , Yeasmin Lucky Rozina
Published: January 2018

A study was conducted to examine the technical efficiency for Setbag net fishing boats operated in the year 2014. A total of 100 samples of Setbag net fishing boats were selected, of which 40 were from Cox’s Bazar, 40 were from Chittagong and 20 were from Bagerhat. Stochastic frontier (with technical inefficiency effect) model was specified and estimated. Results have shown that the estimated mean technical efficiency of Setbag net fishing boats is 84 percent. The efficiency of Setbag net fishing boat was positively associated with total cost, while the number of nets were negatively related to fishing day and crew size. Head maji’s age had significant effect on inefficiency at 5% level. Although, the effect on boats’ efficiency was positive, (though insignificant) for head maji’s experience, head maji’s education, engine horse power and boat age. The use of modern fishing boat and improved fishing technology should be promoted, through proper training and motivation program for fisher. At the same time old and unfit fishing boat and gears should be gradually removed and replaced by new and modern fishing boat.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 59-65
Marine Fish Marketing and Prices Changes in Different Levels of Market in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study Using Primary Data
Authors: Golam Rabbani Md , Serajul Islam M , Yeasmin Lucky Rozina
Published: January 2018

Contribution of fisheries in the national economy of Bangladesh is substantial, particularly with reference to food consumption, nutrition, employment and export. The present study was designed to determine the changes of prices of marine fish at different levels of market and to determine various problems relating to marine fish marketing system in Bangladesh. This study used purposive sampling and data were collected from 168 stakeholders using interview schedule considering 10 major species of marine fish during 2014. Primary, secondary and consumer market were considered in the study. The study revealed that both marketing margins as well as marketing profit are relatively higher in consumer market followed by primary and secondary markets, where baparis and aratders are involved. Marketing costs for per kg of marine fish were estimated to be Tk 8.55, 1.10 and 4.50 for beparis, aratdars and retailers, respectively. Average marketing cost was lower in primary market (Tk 8.86/kg) compared to secondary market (Tk 9.99/kg) and consumer market (Tk 12.29/kg). The marketing system of marine fish in Bangladesh is yet to be developed and since this is facing a lot of problems including post-harvest losses, poor physical facilities, etc. Government and department of fisheries should take necessary action for development of marketing system of marine fishes.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 79-87
The influence of Waterlogging Period on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Amin M R , Karim M A , Khaliq Q A , Islam M R , Aktar S
Published: January 2018

Yield performance of 10 selected mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) genotypes, viz. GK-7, GK-48, GK-65, VC-6173A, CO-3, IPSA-12, IPSA-13, IPSA-15, BARI Mug-5 and BUmug 2 was evaluated under waterlogged condition in the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during April to July 2011. Waterlogging depth was 3-5 cm, created by irrigation from tap water and imposed at 22 days after emergence of seedlings which was maintained for 2, 4 and 6 days in the three different treatments. Yield and yield contributing characters of the mungbean genotypes were significantly affected by waterlogging. The longer the waterlogging period, the more was the reduction in seed yield and yield contributing characters. Among the 10 genotypes, IPSA-13 performed the best in respect of grain yield production under waterlogging condition, which was followed by VC-6173A and BUmung 2.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 88-100
Variability and Traits Association Analyses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes
Authors: Rahman Masuma , Hoque Ahasanul , Amir Hossain Md , Abdullah Al Bari Md
Published: January 2018

An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with fifteen maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes to assess the genetic variability, characters association and divergence among the genotypes for yield and yield attributing traits. The experiment was conducted during November 2015 to May 2016, following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in two adjacent environments to discern the performance of the genotypes in interacting environments. No significant variation was observed for environments, which was perhaps due to their close proximity. The genotypes differed significantly for most of the studied traits. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the evaluated traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for 1000 seed weight, seed numbers ear-1 and yield plant-1. Yield plant-1 was significantly associated with plant height, ear length, ear girth, husk girth, kernel length, 1000 seed weight, kernel numbers row-1, seed numbers ear-1 in positive direction and negatively associated with days to anthesis and moisture loss (%). Path co-efficient analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct contribution towards yield was through 1000 seed weight, seed number ear-1 and kernel length whereas plant height, ear girth, ear length, kernel numbers row-1 showed negative direct contribution towards yield due to negative indirect effects of several parameters. Cluster analysis exhibited five distinct groups. Considering mean values Cluster II provided the best result in terms of yield and earliness, followed by Cluster IV and V. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that first five components accounted for 82.7% of total variation. The findings indicate the presence of ample genetic diversity among maize genotypes which can be exploited in future breeding program for better utilization of maize germplasm.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 101-114
Legal Treatment of Boko Haram Militants Captured by Cameroon
Authors: Kingah Stephen
Published: January 2018

This study considers the nature of the challenges posed by Boko Haram militants in Cameroon. It presents the government's legal responses. The article equally considers the various ways in which militants can adhere to international law relating to the non-international armed conflict between Cameroon and Boko Haram militants.
Promoting Commercial Agriculture in Nigeria Through a Reform of the Legal and Institutional Frameworks
Authors: Smith Imran
Published: January 2018

This article examines the potency of the extant legal and institutional frameworks in addressing the challenges that have stifled the agricultural sector in Nigeria for decades. It suggests reforms with a view to promoting sustainable commercial agriculture, ensuring increased investment in the sector and boosting revenue-generation for the country.
Human Rights Protection by International Courts – What Role for the East African Court of Justice?
Authors: Milej Tomasz P.
Published: January 2018

The present article argues that the East African Court of Justice (EACJ), although originally not conceived as a human rights body, has a role to play as a protector of human rights in the East African region. It underlines the contribution the EACJ could make in spelling out jurisprudential standards for human rights protection in the specific regional context and suggests enhancing judicial dialogue between the EACJ and increasingly assertive national courts of the East African Community Partner States. Drawing upon the existing jurisprudence of the EACJ, the article also discusses the treaty basis for the Court's human rights jurisdiction, the standard of review, the various doctrines the Court uses, the Court's accessibility, the time limits for individual references, the burden of proof and the nature of the EACJ's judgments.
Insurable Interest as a Requirement for Insurance Contracts: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Botes Estian , Kloppers Henk
Published: January 2018

Insurable interest should be considered to constitute a requirement for the validity of an insurance contract. Due to the fact that the difficulties experienced with regard to the doctrine are not unique to South Africa, a comparative approach was adopted that entailed a detailed discussion regarding the definition and application of the doctrine in Great Britain and Australia.
Their Own Worst Enemy: The Scottish Press since Devolution
Authors: Macwhirter Iain
Published: January 2018

This article maps the negative reaction of the Scottish press to devolution after the establishment of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, and relates this episode to its coverage of the 2014 independence referendum. The article also considers how the rising profile of social media and a shift in Scottish public opinion towards the Yes side late in the 2014 referendum campaign highlights the decline of the traditional newspaper press in Scotland. It concludes by considering the value of the national press in Scotland to the nation's wider cultural health, and the negative implications for the state of Scottish civil society if the national press disappears.
Civil Society, the Rise and Fall of Civic Scotland, and Contextualising Media
Authors: Hassan Gerry
Published: January 2018

Much has been written about Scottish civil society in recent decades – by academics, writers and commentators. Most of these interventions have not attempted a detailed and critical examination of civil society by locating it in its structural, social and ideological locations, noting who it speaks for and who it doesn't. Similarly, examination of the media in Scotland has tended to not address its place in wider civil society and the consequences that flow from this. This essay attempts to begin to address this by offering an overview of this state of affairs, while critically assessing the state of civil society, the media and the role of both, historically and contemporaneously.
Scotland, Britain, Europe: Parallels with Eighteenth-century Political Debate
Authors: Brown Rhona
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on the controversial eighteenth-century Whig politician, John Wilkes (1725–97), his journalism and his reception in the Scottish periodical press, while considering parallels with current debates on Brexit and Scottish independence. Wilkes, seen by some at the time as a notorious rabble-rouser and a voracious Scotophobe, was nevertheless elected democratically (an unusual phenomenon at this time) to various political offices while campaigning for the freedom of the press. His outspoken attacks on the Scottish Prime Minister, Lord Bute, and associated insults to Scotland, prompted an angry response in the Scottish press and magnified the political divide between Scotland and England. If Wilkes represented ‘liberty’ to many English Whigs, he symbolised outspoken prejudice to many in Scotland. The article will examine some of Wilkes's own pronouncements on the Scots in his North Briton magazine, alongside responses in the contemporary Scottish periodical press. The debates that Wilkes focuses on – Scotland's so-called ‘rebellious’ nature and its unhelpful attachment to continental Europe – resonate with twenty-first-century political debates in illuminating ways.
Scottish Communicative Space and the Uses of Academic Expertise
Authors: Schlesinger Philip
Published: January 2018

This essay offers some personal reflections regarding the impact of devolution on the author's research and public-facing activities. It begins with a discussion of research into the new post-devolution political system established at the Scottish Parliament and continues with an account of the author's subsequent involvement in a little-known communications audit in of that institution that took place in 2001. The essay concludes with brief remarks on a further use of academic expertise in representing the Scottish interest in media and communications regulation.