bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine-vision-based intelligent robotic replacement system of grinding-wheel-saws for steel round bar sawing machine
Authors: Pan Jian-Zhou , Yang Chi-Hsin , Wu Long , Qiu Sijie , Ji Lian-Nan , Wang Kun-Chieh
Published: May 2023

In the factory, the steel round bar sawing machine is applied to finish the sawing mission. Due to the process of the sawing steel is operating in high speed, the grinding-wheel-saw (GWS) is quickly worn by the friction and replaced frequently. The automatic replacement system of GWSs is seldom built yet. To improve the efficiency of the replacement for GWSs, the machine-vision-based intelligent robotic replacement system (MIRRS) for GWSs is developed and reported in the study. The MIRRS is mainly consisted of the six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator and the six-axes mechanical arm system to successfully complete the task of the replacement. The finite element method (FEM) is applied to analyze and design the subsystem of the MIRRS. Besides, the machine-vision positioning system associated with the digital camera are also setup to provide the required feedback detections for the MIRRS. The hardware system architecture and the control flow chart are described in detail and the hundreds of realistic testing results are collected to verify the reliability and offer the well working efficiency of the designed MIRRS.
An example of implementing a safety protocol in remote intervention and survey research with college students
Authors: Mehus Christopher J , Stevenson Brittany , Weiler Lindsey , Gunlicks-Stoessel Meredith , Morrell Nicole , Patrick Megan E
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This article draws attention to the need for open evaluation and reporting on safety protocols in survey and intervention research. We describe a protocol for responding to those who indicate increased risk of self-harm (i.e. suicidality or potentially lethal alcohol use) as an example and report on the outcome of our procedures.

Methods

Participants were first-year college students ( n = 891) participating in an intervention trial for binge drinking. We describe the protocol, provide descriptive outcomes, and examine whether participant sex, attrition, or study intervention condition were related to endorsing items that indicated risk for suicidality or potentially lethal alcohol use.

Results

Of the 891 participants, 167 (18.7%) were identified as being at risk in one or more study wave. Of those, we were able to successfully contact 100 (59.9%), 76 (45.5%) by phone, and 24 (14.4%) by email. Of those 100, 78 accepted mental health resources as a result of outreach. Participant sex, attrition, and intervention condition were not related to risk.

Discussion

This article may aid other research teams in developing similar protocols. Strategies to reach an even greater proportion of high-risk participants are needed. A body of literature documenting published safety protocols in research and the associated outcomes would help to identify opportunities for improvement.
Performance of Cox regression models for composite time-to-event endpoints with component-wise censoring in randomized trials
Authors: Speiser Jaime Lynn , Ambrosius Walter T , Pajewski Nicholas M
Published: May 2023

Background

Composite time-to-event endpoints are beneficial for assessing related outcomes jointly in clinical trials, but components of the endpoint may have different censoring mechanisms. For example, in the PRagmatic EValuation of evENTs And Benefits of Lipid-lowering in oldEr adults (PREVENTABLE) trial, the composite outcome contains one endpoint that is right censored (all-cause mortality) and two endpoints that are interval censored (dementia and persistent disability). Although Cox regression is an established method for time-to-event outcomes, it is unclear how models perform under differing component-wise censoring schemes for large clinical trial data. The goal of this article is to conduct a simulation study to investigate the performance of Cox models under different scenarios for composite endpoints with component-wise censoring.

Methods

We simulated data by varying the strength and direction of the association between treatment and outcome for the two component types, the proportion of events arising from the components of the outcome (right censored and interval censored), and the method for including the interval-censored component in the Cox model (upper value and midpoint of the interval). Under these scenarios, we compared the treatment effect estimate bias, confidence interval coverage, and power.

Results

Based on the simulation study, Cox models generally have adequate power to achieve statistical significance for comparing treatments for composite outcomes with component-wise censoring. In our simulation study, we did not observe substantive bias for scenarios under the null hypothesis or when the treatment has a similar relative effect on each component outcome. Performance was similar regardless of if the upper value or midpoint of the interval-censored part of the composite outcome was used.

Conclusion

Cox regression is a suitable method for analysis of clinical trial data with composite time-to-event endpoints subject to different component-wise censoring mechanisms.
Acceptance, drivers, and barriers to use eHealth interventions in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome for management of post-COVID-19 symptoms: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schröder Julia , Bäuerle Alexander , Jahre Lisa Maria , Skoda Eva-Maria , Stettner Mark , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Teufel Martin , Dinse Hannah
Published: May 2023

Background:

Post-COVID-19 syndrome is a new and debilitating disease without adequate treatment options. eHealth could be a reasonable approach for symptom management.

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the acceptance for eHealth interventions for symptom management in individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome, as well as drivers and barriers influencing acceptance.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

This study was conducted from January 19 until 24 May 2022. Recruitment took place with a web-based survey. Acceptance and predictors of eHealth interventions were measured by the extended UTAUT model. Included in the model were the core predictor performance expectancy, social influence, and effort expectancy. Previously diagnosed mental illness was estimated and mental health by using the well-established Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale. The effect of sociodemographic and medical data was assessed. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses as well as group comparisons were performed.

Results:

342 individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome were examined. The acceptance of eHealth interventions for symptom management was moderate to high (M = 3.60, SD = 0.89). Acceptance was significantly higher in individuals with lower/other education, patients with moderate to severe symptoms during initial COVID-19 infection, still significantly impaired patients, and individuals with a mental illness. Identified predictors of acceptance were age (β = .24, p < .001), current condition including moderate (β = .49, p = .002) and still significantly impaired (β = .67, p < .001), digital confidence (β = .19, p < .001), effort expectancy (β = .26, p < .001), performance expectancy (β = .33, p < .001), and social influence (β = .26, p < .001).

Conclusion:

Patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome reported a satisfying level of acceptance and drivers and barriers could be identified. These factors need to be considered for the implementation and future use of eHealth interventions.
Prognostic value of postoperative ctDNA detection in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Kaibo , Lu Jiamin , Lou Yidan , Zheng Song
Published: May 2023

Background:

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a potential biomarker for monitoring early non-small cell lung cancer (ENSCLC), particularly after radical surgery. However, the prognostic value of postoperative ctDNA is still being investigated due to the small sample size and heterogeneity of patients with ENSCLC in current trials. Moreover, the potential clinical utility of ctDNA assessment for administering adjuvant therapy (AT) in patients with ENSCLC is also an important area of active research.

Objectives:

We aimed to identify the prognostic value of postoperative ctDNA detection in ENSCLC patients with stages I–III.

Design:

This study type is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources and methods:

We conducted a search in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for prospective or retrospective investigations involving patients with ENSCLC, gathering outcomes based on predefined end points. The literature review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was employed to carry out a quality evaluation of the included studies. The primary end point of the study was to evaluate the association of ctDNA status in two time points (within 1 month after surgery and long-term postoperative monitoring with more than 3 months) with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, the study investigated the role of ctDNA in predicting the response to AT. The secondary end points of the study were to determine the impact of ctDNA on RFS and OS in different subgroups of ENSCLC patients based on pathological subtypes and TNM staging.

Results:

In total, 2149 studies were screened, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The presence of ctDNA within 1 month after surgery as well as long-term postoperative ctDNA were both associated with poorer RFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.43; 95% CI: 3.23–6.07 and HR = 7.99; 95% CI: 3.28–19.44, respectively] and worse OS (HR = 5.07; 95% CI: 2.80–9.19 and HR = 7.49; 95% CI: 3.42–16.43, respectively). Most subgroup analyses yielded similar results. Moreover, ctDNA-positive patients could acquire survival benefits from AT (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.16–0.54), while ctDNA-negative patients that received AT did not show significant improvement in RFS (HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.67–2.09).

Conclusion:

The postoperative ctDNA assessment is a promising approach to stratify the risk of relapse and death in ENSCLC patients. Our data suggest that patients with negative ctDNA in the postoperative setting may not benefit from AT, which warrants further investigation. This finding, if validated in prospective trials with a larger sample size, could aid in better-individualized treatment for patients and avoid potential side effects of AT.

Registration:

This study was designed in accordance with PRISMA and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022311615).
Ethnolinguistic Study of the Traditional Indonesian Parenting song “Dindang Maayun Anak”: Cultural Reflection in the Socio-cultural Life of the Banjar in South Kalimantan
Authors: Noortyani Rusma , Mu’in Fatchul , Munawwarah Raudatul , Normelani Ellyn
Published: May 2023

This study aims to describe the reflection of the Dindang Maayun Anak song in the Banjar culture in South Kalimantan. The Dindang song contains linguistic units containing cultural functions and meanings in the Banjar community. Therefore, ethnolinguistic analysis was conducted through intralingual and extralingual equivalences. Subsequently, cultural semantic analysis is used to examine the cultural reflection in this study. The researchers recorded 53 stanzas of the dindang song, based on which 16 data were classified as words/terms, 9 data were classified as phrases, and 6 data were classified as sentences, reflecting local culture. The analysis showed that the Dindang Maayun Anak song reflects (1) the religious way of life-based on the Baiman, Bauntung, and Batuah philosophies as the implementation of Iman, Islam, and Ihsan teachings. (2) Trading, raising, and catching fish, alongside farming based on the economic system and livelihoods in the wetland, and (3) knowledge of nature, flora, and fauna. It also reflects the (4) parenting patterns based on the Baiman, Bauntung, and Batuah philosophies, (5) living equipment and technology that supports their economic system and livelihoods, (6) Banjar language as a lingua franca and means of expressing beliefs, knowledge, evaluation, and feelings. Furthermore, the Baiman, Bauntung, and Batuah philosophy is conceptualized differently by the traditional leader, Kesultanan Banjar (non-formal leader), formal (government) leader and modern education expert in South Kalimantan. The reflection of the three B’s is a prayer (for ordinary people), a motto (in a local government, and a school vision.
Professional Identity and Self-Regulated Learning: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Moderating Role of Sense of School Belonging
Authors: Xu Ling , Duan Peng , Ma Lijun , Dou Shouqiang
Published: May 2023

The aim of college education is not only to teach students professional knowledge and skills but also to develop their self-regulated learning (SRL) ability, which has great significance for their lifelong development. This study aims to investigate the roles played by professional identity, intrinsic motivation, and sense of school belonging in improving SRL ability among college students. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were employed to analyze a sample of 619 college students. The findings suggest that intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between professional identity and SRL ability, and that sense of school belonging moderates not only a direct link between professional identity and SRL ability but also an indirect association between intrinsic motivation and SRL ability. Students with a high sense of school belonging show a stronger influence of professional identity and intrinsic motivation on improving SRL ability than those with a low sense of school belonging. Therefore, promoting professional identity and intrinsic motivation can be particularly beneficial for students with a strong sense of school belonging in improving SRL ability.
How Consumer Motivations to Participate in Sharing Economy Differ Across Developed and Developing Countries: A Comparative Study of Türkiye and Canada
Authors: Güçlü Mehmet S. , Erdil Oya , Kitapçı Hakan , Altındağ Erkut
Published: May 2023

Extreme and fundamental changes in the economy and social life in the 2000s, fueled by technological development, pushed people toward new ways of consumption known as “Sharing Economy” (SE). Consumers’ motivations to participate in SE are still not completely clear because of SE’s relatively short history and hazy boundaries. This study aimed to contribute to closing that gap. This research also looks at how consumers’ motives for SE differ across countries. Data from 678 people (440 in Istanbul, Türkiye, and 238 in Toronto, Canada) were collected and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that economic benefits, modern lifestyle, enjoyment, and ecological sustainability concerns substantially impact consumers’ participation in SE in both Türkiye and Canada. However, consumers in both countries are unaffected by product diversity, ubiquitous availability, sense of belonging, or convenience. In addition, altruism influences Turkish consumers but not Canadians; this could be explained by Türkiye’s being a Middle Eastern country with a feminine cultural structure. Even though Türkiye and Canada are very different in economic, social, cultural, and historical terms, their outcomes are remarkably similar. These identical findings indicate that consumers’ stimulations are similar in participating SE regardless of their country of origin. This paper is unique as it is the first research comparing Turkish and Canadian consumers’ motivations. This study is significant for both literature and practitioners in that it contributes to better understanding consumer incentives in SE.
Decline of thrombolysis rates before endovascular therapy in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke: A multicenter analysis from the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Schlemm Ludwig , Siebert Eberhard , Kleine Justus F , Riegler Christoph , Bode Felix J , Petersens Martina , Schlemm Eckhard , Keil Fee , Tiedt Steffen , Bohner Georg , Nolte Christian H
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

In recent years, the role of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before endovascular stroke treatment (EVT) has been discussed intensively. Whether the discussion was accompanied by changing rates of bridging IVT is unknown.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the prospectively maintained German Stroke Registry, including patients treated with EVT at one of 28 stroke centers in Germany between 2016 and 2021. Primary outcome parameters were the rate of bridging IVT (a) in the entire registry cohort and (b) in patients without formal contraindications to IVT (i.e. recent oral anticoagulants, time window ⩾4.5 h, extensive early ischemic changes) adjusted for demographic and clinical confounders.

Results:

10,162 patients (52.8% women, median age 77 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 14) were analyzed. In the entire cohort, the rate of bridging IVT decreased from 63.8% in 2016 to 43.6% in 2021 (average absolute annual decrease 3.1%, 95% CI 2.4%–3.8%), while the proportion of patients with at least one formal contraindication increased by only 1.2% annually (95% CI 0.6%–1.9%). Among 5460 patients without record of formal contraindications, the rate of bridging IVT decreased from 75.5% in 2016 to 63.2% in 2021 and was significantly associated with admission date in a multivariable model (average absolute annual decrease 1.4%, 95% CI 0.6%–2.2%). Clinical factors associated with lower odds of bridging IVT included diabetes mellitus, carotid-T-occlusion, dual antiplatelet therapy, and direct admission to a thrombectomy center.

Conclusion:

We observed a substantial decline in bridging IVT rates independent of demographic confounders and not explained by an increase in contraindications. This observation deserves further exploration in independent populations.
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced Encephalopathy and Encephalitis in COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Vengalil Aaron , Nizamutdinov Damir , Su Matthew , Huang Jason H
Published: May 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused an unprecedented pandemic around the globe, infecting 36.5 million people and causing the death of over 1 million in the United States of America alone. COVID-19 patients demonstrated respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular complications, and neurologic symptoms, which in most severe cases included encephalopathy and encephalitis. Hypoxia and the uncontrolled proliferation of cytokines are commonly recognized to cause encephalopathy, while the retrograde trans-synaptic spread of the virus is thought to cause encephalitis in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis. Although recent research revealed some mechanisms explaining the development of neurologic symptoms, it still remains unclear whether interactions between these mechanisms exist. This review focuses on the discussion and analysis of previously reported hypotheses of SARS-CoV-2-induced encephalopathy and encephalitis and looks into possible overlaps between the pathogenesis of both neurological outcomes of the disease. Promising therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological complications are also covered. More studies are needed to further investigate the dominant mechanism of pathogenesis for developing more effective preventative measures in COVID-19 cases with the neurologic presentation.
Symptom Profile, Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy, and Diagnostic Testing in Patients With Persistent Reflux-Like Symptoms: Results From a Population-Based Survey
Authors: Armstrong David , Srinivasan Sachin , Rooker Ceciel , Sinclair Paul , Taylor Emily , Sharma Prateek
Published: May 2023

Background:

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are highly effective in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, persistent, troublesome reflux symptoms despite PPI use are common, and a proportion of individuals with these persistent symptoms is considered to have refractory GERD (rGERD). There are limited data on patients’ experience with persistent reflux-like symptoms to guide healthcare professionals in managing this troublesome condition.

Methods:

An international, population-based, online survey was conducted among adults who reported persistent reflux-like symptoms; 24 questions were posed regarding the participants’ symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and comorbid conditions. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize participants’ experience with diagnosis and their satisfaction with treatment. All data were self-reported.

Results:

Of 565 initial respondents, 283 (51%) answered the question regarding being formally diagnosed by a healthcare professional with GERD and/or rGERD. The 197 (70%) participants who answered “yes” made up the survey population. Heartburn (65%) and acid regurgitation (62%) were the most common troublesome symptoms. PPI use was reported by 145 (74%) respondents, but only 30% were satisfied with PPI therapy. The most common alternative therapies included antacid/alginates (63%), histamine H2-receptor antagonists (33%), mucosal protectants (25%), and lifestyle modifications (84%).

Conclusions:

In this population-based survey, nearly one-third of participants with persistent reflux-like symptoms had not received a formal diagnosis of GERD or rGERD. Although most participants diagnosed with GERD/rGERD had received PPI therapy, persistent symptoms, dissatisfaction with PPI therapy, and concerns about long-term PPI use were common. These data emphasize the need for patient input when developing management strategies for GERD and persistent reflux-like symptoms or rGERD.
Nasal Airflow Dynamics Before and After Septorhinoplasty for Correction of Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity: A Single Patient Case Report
Authors: Gosman Raluca E. , Marcus Jeffrey R. , Frank-Ito Dennis O.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND) creates multiple sites of nasal airway obstruction, impacting patients’ quality of life. Surgical restoration of function remains technically challenging and complex.

Objectives:

This is a single patient case report to determine consistency of patient’s subjective perception of nasal outcomes after septorhinoplasty with objective assessments, and effectiveness of standard surgical techniques in targeting sites of greatest nasal anatomical obstruction.

Method:

Patient-reported quality of life (QOL) measures were collected. Pre- and post-surgery radiographic images of a patient with uCLND were obtained for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of patient-specific nasal function. Objective assessments were obtained using rhinomanometry and CFD. CFD-derived localized resistance at multiple cross-sectional segments were determined and used to identify greatest nasal obstructive sites.

Results:

Patient-reported QOL scores improved by 20 to 73 points. CFD-calculated bilateral resistance decreased from 0.155 to 0.061 Pa.s/ml, cleft-side resistance from 0.407 to 0.091 Pa.s/ml, and non-cleft-side from 0.228 to 0.120 Pa.s/ml. Rhinomanometry showed similar decreases in resistance. On the cleft side, 25 identified sites of greatest obstruction decreased to 15 sites post-surgery; on the non-cleft side, 23 sites of greatest obstruction decreased to 16 sites post-surgery.

Conclusion:

Results suggest improvement in nasal patency after septorhinoplasty. Additional greatest obstructive sites in the post-surgical airway were mostly around the superior airway.
Labour market integration of refugees and the importance of the neighbourhood: Norwegian quasi-experimental evidence
Authors: Andersen Henrik L. , Osland Liv , Zhang Meng Le
Published: May 2023

This paper exploits a quasi-experimental feature of the Norwegian spatial dispersal policy for UNHCR quota refugees, which leads to nearly as-if random initial residential settlement of the refugees. In this framework, we study if there are positive long-run employment consequences of being assigned to neighbourhoods with higher residential labour force participation rates. Our results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the initial neighbourhood participation rates and refugee labour market outcomes, but these overall effects are substantively small: A one standard deviation higher participation rate in the initial neighbourhood is associated with an 1.2%-point increase in the refugees’ later employment probability. However, our subgroup analysis shows substantial effects around 2.6%-points for men older than 25 years at the time of entry to Norway. In comparison, the point estimates for women and persons younger than 25 years at the time of arrival are close to zero and statistically insignificant.
DanMAC5: a browser of aggregated sequence variants from 8,671 whole genome sequenced Danish individuals
Authors: Banasik Karina , Møller Peter L. , Techlo Tanya R. , Holm Peter C. , Walters G. Bragi , Ingason Andrés , Rosengren Anders , Rohde Palle D. , Kogelman Lisette J. A. , Westergaard David , Siggaard Troels , Chmura Piotr J. , Chalmer Mona A. , Magnússon Ólafur Þ. , Þórisson Guðmundur Á. , Stefánsson Hreinn , Guðbjartsson Daníel F. , Stefánsson Kári , Olesen Jes , Winther Simon , Bøttcher Morten , Brunak Søren , Werge Thomas , Nyegaard Mette , Hansen Thomas F.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Allele counts of sequence variants obtained by whole genome sequencing (WGS) often play a central role in interpreting the results of genetic and genomic research. However, such variant counts are not readily available for individuals in the Danish population. Here, we present a dataset with allele counts for sequence variants (single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels) identified from WGS of 8,671 (5,418 females) individuals from the Danish population. The data resource is based on WGS data from three independent research projects aimed at assessing genetic risk factors for cardiovascular, psychiatric, and headache disorders. To enable the sharing of information on sequence variation in Danish individuals, we created summarized statistics on allele counts from anonymized data and made them available through the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA, https://identifiers.org/ega.dataset:EGAD00001009756) and in a dedicated browser, DanMAC5 (available at www.danmac5.dk). The summary level data and the DanMAC5 browser provide insight into the allelic spectrum of sequence variants segregating in the Danish population, which is important in variant interpretation.

Data description

Three WGS datasets with an average coverage of 30x were processed independently using the same quality control pipeline. Subsequently, we summarized, filtered, and merged allele counts to create a high-quality summary level dataset of sequence variants.
QTL mapping of shoot and seed traits impacted by Drought in Barley using a recombinant inbred line Population
Authors: Ajayi Oyeyemi O. , Bregitzer Phil , Klos Kathy , Hu Gongshe , Walling Jason G. , Mahalingam Ramamurthy
Published: May 2023

Background

With ongoing climate change, drought events are severely limiting barley production worldwide and pose a significant risk to the malting, brewing and food industry. The genetic diversity inherent in the barley germplasm offers an important resource to develop stress resiliency. The purpose of this study was to identify novel, stable, and adaptive Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n = 192) developed from a cross between the drought tolerant ‘Otis’ barley variety, and susceptible ‘Golden Promise’(GP) was subjected to short-term progressive drought during heading in the biotron. This population was also evaluated under irrigated and rainfed conditions in the field for yields and seed protein content.

Results

Barley 50k iSelect SNP Array was used to genotype the RIL population to elucidate drought-adaptive QTL. Twenty-three QTL (eleven for seed weight, eight for shoot dry weight and four for protein content) were identified across several barley chromosomes. QTL analysis identified genomic regions on chromosome 2 and 5 H that appear to be stable across both environments and accounted for nearly 60% variation in shoot weight and 17.6% variation in seed protein content. QTL at approximately 29 Mbp on chromosome 2 H and 488 Mbp on chromosome 5 H are in very close proximity to ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and in the coding sequence of the Dirigent (DIR) gene, respectively. Both APX and DIR are well-known key players in abiotic stress tolerance in several plants. In the quest to identify key recombinants with improved tolerance to drought (like Otis) and good malting profiles (like GP), five drought tolerant RILs were selected for malt quality analysis. The selected drought tolerant RILs exhibited one or more traits that were outside the realms of the suggested limits for acceptable commercial malting quality.

Conclusions

The candidate genes can be used for marker assisted selection and/or genetic manipulation to develop barley cultivars with improved tolerance to drought. RILs with genetic network reshuffling necessary to generate drought tolerance of Otis and favorable malting quality attributes of GP may be realized by screening a larger population.
Habitat-related plastome evolution in the mycoheterotrophic Neottia listeroides complex (Orchidaceae, Neottieae)
Authors: Shao Bing-Yi , Wang Mo-Zhu , Chen Si-Si , Ya Ji-Dong , Jin Xiao-Hua
Published: May 2023

Background

Mycoheterotrophs, acquiring organic carbon and other nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi, have evolved repeatedly with substantial plastid genome (plastome) variations. To date, the fine-scale evolution of mycoheterotrophic plastomes at the intraspecific level is not well-characterized. A few studies have revealed unexpected plastome divergence among species complex members, possibly driven by various biotic/abiotic factors. To illustrate evolutionary mechanisms underlying such divergence, we analyzed plastome features and molecular evolution of 15 plastomes of Neottia listeroides complex from different forest habitats.

Results

These 15 samples of Neottia listeroides complex split into three clades according to their habitats approximately 6 million years ago: Pine Clade, including ten samples from pine-broadleaf mixed forests, Fir Clade, including four samples from alpine fir forests and Fir-willow Clade with one sample. Compared with those of Pine Clade members, plastomes of Fir Clade members show smaller size and higher substitution rates. Plastome size, substitution rates, loss and retention of plastid-encoded genes are clade-specific. We propose to recognized six species in N. listeroides complex and slightly modify the path of plastome degradation.

Conclusions

Our results provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics and discrepancy of closely related mycoheterotrophic orchid lineages at a high phylogenetic resolution.
Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ambaw Kassie Gizachew , Alemu Afework , Yosef Gebrekidan Amanuel , Asmare Adella Getachew , Eshetu Kirubel , Wolie Asres Abiyot , Sisay Asgedom Yordanos
Published: May 2023

Background

Hypertension is a major public health problem, resulting in 10 million deaths annually. Undiagnosed hypertension affects more people than ever before. It is more likely to be linked to severe hypertension, which can lead to stroke, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

Databases, such as Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched to find potential studies published until December 2022. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to enter the extracted data. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors was estimated using a random effect model. I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q-test were used to assess statistical heterogeneity across the studies. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to identify possible publication bias.

Results

A total of ten articles with 5,782 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. In the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 18.26% (95% CI = 14.94–21.58). Being older (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.56, 5.66), having a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.53), having a family history of hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.47, 3.36), and having DM comorbidity (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.38, 4.32) were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension.

Conclusion

In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high in Ethiopia. Being older, having a BMI > 25 kg/m2, having a family history of hypertension, and having DM comorbidity were found to be risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension.
Cluster analysis of angiotensin biomarkers to identify antihypertensive drug treatment in population studies
Authors: Arisido Maeregu Woldeyes , Foco Luisa , Shoemaker Robin , Melotti Roberto , Delles Christian , Gögele Martin , Barolo Stefano , Baron Stephanie , Azizi Michel , Dominiczak Anna F. , Zennaro Maria-Christina , P. Pramstaller Peter , Poglitsch Marko , Pattaro Cristian
Published: May 2023

Background

The recent progress in molecular biology generates an increasing interest in investigating molecular biomarkers as markers of response to treatments. The present work is motivated by a study, where the objective was to explore the potential of the molecular biomarkers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to identify the undertaken antihypertensive treatments in the general population. Population-based studies offer an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of treatments in real-world scenarios. However, lack of quality documentation, especially when electronic health record linkage is unavailable, leads to inaccurate reporting and classification bias.

Method

We present a machine learning clustering technique to determine the potential of measured RAAS biomarkers for the identification of undertaken treatments in the general population. The biomarkers were simultaneously determined through a novel mass-spectrometry analysis in 800 participants of the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study with documented antihypertensive treatments. We assessed the agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the resulting clusters against known treatment types. Through the lasso penalized regression, we identified clinical characteristics associated with the biomarkers, accounting for the effects of cluster and treatment classifications.

Results

We identified three well-separated clusters: cluster 1 (n = 444) preferentially including individuals not receiving RAAS-targeting drugs; cluster 2 (n = 235) identifying angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) users (weighted kappa κw = 74%; sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 83%); and cluster 3 (n = 121) well discriminating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) users (κw = 81%; sensitivity = 55%; specificity = 90%). Individuals in clusters 2 and 3 had higher frequency of diabetes as well as higher fasting glucose and BMI levels. Age, sex and kidney function were strong predictors of the RAAS biomarkers independently of the cluster structure.

Conclusions

Unsupervised clustering of angiotensin-based biomarkers is a viable technique to identify individuals on specific antihypertensive treatments, pointing to a potential application of the biomarkers as useful clinical diagnostic tools even outside of a controlled clinical setting.
A time-series analysis of morbidity and mortality of viral hepatitis in Venezuela, 1990–2016
Authors: Rísquez Alejandro , Echezuría Luis , Carrión-Nessi Fhabián S. , Forero-Peña David A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Viral hepatitis (VH) is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with the level of human development. In recent years, Venezuela has experienced a political, social, and economic crisis and has been impacted by natural disasters that have led to the deterioration of sanitary and health infrastructures modifying the determinants of VH. Despite epidemiological studies conducted in specific regions of the country or populations, the national epidemiological behaviour of VH remains unclear.

Methods

This is a time series study involving records of morbidity and mortality by VH in Venezuela reported during the period from 1990 to 2016. The Venezuelan population was taken as the denominator of the morbidity and mortality rates, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics and the 2016 population projections from the latest census published on the website of the responsible Venezuelan agency.

Results

During the study period, 630,502 cases and 4,679 deaths from VH in Venezuela were analysed. Most of the cases (n= 457,278; 72.6%) were classified as unspecific VH (UVH). The deaths were mainly attributed to VHB (n= 1,532; 32.7%), UVH (n= 1,287; 27.5%), and sequelae of VH (n= 977; 20.8%). The mean rates of cases and deaths from VH in the country were 95 ± 40.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.7 ± 0.1 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, showing a large dispersion that is evident from the calculation of the coefficients of variation. There was document a strong correlation between UVH and VHA cases (0.78,p< 0.01) morbidity rates. VHB mortality rate was very strongly correlated with sequelae of VH (–0.9,p< 0.01).

Conclusions

VH is a major burden of morbidity and mortality in Venezuela with an endemic-epidemic trend and an intermediate prevalence for VHA, VHB, and VHC. Epidemiological information is not published in a timely manner and diagnostic tests are insufficient in primary health services. There is an urgent need to resume epidemiological surveillance of VH and to optimise the classification system for a better understanding of UVH cases and deaths due to sequelae of VHB and VHC.
Clinical research of the value of high-risk CTV setting on intensity-modulated radiotherapy for stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer
Authors: Jiang Yuqi , Wang Jing , Jiang Peng , Wang Xiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yongchun
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of setting up a high-risk clinical target volume (CTV-hr) alongside simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT-SIB) in patients diagnosed with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer.

Methods

This study retrospectively analysed patients with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer who received radical radiotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between November 2014 and September 2019. The patients were divided into experimental and control groups based on whether CTV-hr was set. All patients received a combined treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The dosage for paclitaxel was 135 mg/m2, while for cisplatin it was 75 mg/m2 or for carboplatin it was AUC 4–6, given in a cycle of 21 days. Radiotherapy (RT) included external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). In the control group, positive lymph nodes (GTV-n) were treated at a dose of 58–62 Gy/26–28 fractions(f), while clinical target volumes (CTV) were treated with a dose of 46–48 Gy/26-28f. The experimental group received a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to CTV-hr at a dose of 54–56 Gy/26-28f, with the same CTV and GTV-n as the control group. Both groups were combined with brachytherapy with a total dose (EQD2, the equivalent dose in 2 Gy/f) of 80-90 Gy. The study measured objective remission rate (ORR), 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, recurrence rate, and side effects as endpoints.

Results

The study enrolled 217 patients, with 119 in the experimental group and 98 in the control group. Results showed that the experimental group had a higher 3-year OS rate (87.4% vs. 71.4%, p = 0.001) and 3-year PFS rate (72.3% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group had significantly lower rates of overall recurrence (26.1% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.003), in-field recurrence (15.1% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.000), and out-field recurrence(13.4% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.000) compared to the control group. All observed differences were found to be statistically significant. However, the experimental and control groups had no statistically significant difference in ORR and radiological side effects, such as radiation cystitis and enteritis (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Setting CTV-hr and performing IMRT-SIB on patients with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer effectively increased the 3-year OS rate, 3-year PFS rate and reduced recurrence rate, with no significant differences in side effects.
Education as an effective strategy to promote nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in street children
Authors: Arabbadvi Zahra , Khoshnood Zohreh , Foroughameri Golnaz , Mazallahi Mahboobeh
Published: May 2023

Background

Lack of nutritional knowledge and ineffective attitudes can complicate the problems faced by this group of street children and have significant effects on their behaviors. This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of street children in Kerman in 2021.

Methods

This experimental study was conducted on 70 street children supported by Aftab Children Support Center in Kerman in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and were divided into two intervention and control groups using a random number table. A nutrition distance education program was implemented using an educational compact disk (CD) for the participants in the intervention group, while the children in the control group did not receive any training. The children’s nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were assessed before and one month after the intervention using the Nutritional Behavior Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 22) using the chi-square test, paired and independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

The results revealed a significant difference in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors after the intervention (p < 0.001) due to the effect of the nutrition training program. Accordingly, the mean scores of the participants in the intervention group for nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors increased by 11.45, 14.80, and 6.05 units after the intervention compared to their scores before the intervention. Furthermore, the effects of the training program on the participants’ nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were 89.6%, 91.5%, and 64.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings of this study concluded that training based on nutrition education improved the children’s nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Thus, the officials in charge of promoting the health of vulnerable groups in the community need to provide the necessary facilities to implement effective training programs for street children and encourage them to participate in training programs.
High diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy performed under cone beam CT guidance: results of a randomized Belgian monocentric study
Authors: Bondue Benjamin , Taton Olivier , Tannouri Fadi , Van de Velde Nikita , Remmelink Myriam , Leduc Dimitri
Published: May 2023

Background

With the increasing use of low dose CT scans, numerous pulmonary nodules are detected. As majority of them are benign, development of efficient non-surgical diagnostic intervention is mandatory. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) has been developed to reach difficult to access lesions. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic yield of ENB procedures performed in a classical endoscopy suite or in a hybrid room equipped by a cone beam CT (CBCT).

Methods

A monocentric randomized study was performed in the Erasme Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Lung nodules of maximum 30 mm of diameter were eligible. In both arms (endoscopy or CBCT suites), ENB, fluoroscopic guidance and a radial endobronchial ultrasound were used to reach the lesion. Then six trans-bronchial biopsies (TBB) and one trans-bronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) were performed. Primary outcomes were the diagnostic yield and diagnostic accuracy of the procedure.

Results

Forty-nine patients were randomized (24 in the endoscopy and 25 in the CBCT arms). The lesion size was 15,9 ± 4,6 mm and 16,6 ± 6,0 mm respectively (mean ± SD, p = NS). The diagnostic yield of ENB performed under CBCT guidance was 80% compared to 42% when performed in the endoscopy suite under standard fluoroscopic guidance (p < 0,05). Similarly, the diagnostic accuracy in the CBCT group was 87% compared to 54% for the endoscopy group (p < 0,05). Duration of the procedure in the CBCT and endoscopy arms was 80 ± 23 and 61 ± 13 min respectively (mean ± SD, p < 0,01). Performing TBLC in addition to TBB increased the diagnostic yield by 14% (17 and 12,5% in CBCT and endoscopy suites respectively, p = NS).

Conclusion

This study highlighted the additional value to perform ENB procedure under CBCT guidance for small size (less than 2 cm of diameter) pulmonary nodules.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration number: NCT05257382.
Application of nano-hydroxyapatite matrix graft in inter-vertebral fusion therapy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Kui , Zhu Yandong , Wang Wenji
Published: May 2023

Objective

Nano-hydroxyapatite and its composites(nHA) have been widely used as grafts in inter-vertebral fusion. However, the safety and efficacy of the graft in inter-vertebral fusion is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of nHA and non-hydroxyapatite grafts (noHA) (autologous bone, etc.) in inter-body fusion.

Materials and methods

A comprehensive search was performed in electronic database as follows: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) from inception until October 2022. Clinical studies on the effect of nHA and noHA in spinal fusion were collected. Analysis of outcome indicators using RevMan 5.4 statistical software.

Results

The meta-analysis showed that the operation time of patients who underwent inter-body fusion with nHA grafts was less than that of patients who underwent noHA (p < 0.05). Compared with the noHA group, the nHA group can achieve similar clinical effects in the fusion rate(OR = 1.29,95%CI: 0.88 to 1.88,p = 0.19),Subsidence rate(OR = 1.2,95%CI:0.44 to 3.28,p = 0.72), inter-vertebral space height(SMD = 0.04,95%CI:-0.08 to 0.15,p = 0.54),Cobb angle(SMD = 0.21,95%CI: 0.18 to 0.6,p = 0.21),Blood loss(SMD = -36.58,95%CI: -81.45 to 8.29,p = 0.11),operative time in 12 months(SMD = -5.82,95%CI: -9.98 to -1.67,p = 0.006) and in the final follow-up(SMD = -0.38,95%CI: -0.51 to -0.26,p < 0.00001),ODI(SMD = 0.68,95%CI: -0.84 to 2.19,p = 0.38), VAS(SMD = 0.17,95%CI: -0.13 to 0.48,p = 0.27) and adverse events(OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.66 to 1.45,p = 0.92), and the differences are not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggests that nHA matrix grafts are similar to noHA grafts in the safety and efficacy of spinal reconstruction, and are an ideal material for inter-vertebral bone grafting.