bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Dynamics and Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of the Higher-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Derivative Non-Kerr Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Wang Heng , Chen Longwei , Liu Hongjiang , Zheng Shuhua
Published: January 2016

By using the method of dynamical system, the exact travelling wave solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with derivative non-Kerr nonlinear terms are studied. Based on this method, all phase portraits of the system in the parametric space are given with the aid of the Maple software. All possible bounded travelling wave solutions, such as solitary wave solutions, kink and anti-kink wave solutions, and periodic travelling wave solutions, are obtained, respectively. The results presented in this paper improve the related previous conclusions.
Hypoxia Alters the Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 and Induces Developmental Remodeling of Human Preadipocytes
Authors: Chowdhury Helena H. , Velebit Jelena , Radić Nataša , Frančič Vito , Kreft Marko , Zorec Robert
Published: January 2016

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a transmembrane protein, has been identified in human adipose tissue and is considered to be associated with obesity-related type 2 diabetes. Since adipose tissue is relatively hypoxic in obese participants, we investigated the expression of DPP4 in human preadipocytes (hPA) and adipocytes in hypoxia, during differentiation and upon insulin stimulation. The results show that DPP4 is abundantly expressed in hPA but very sparsely in adipocytes. During differentiationin vitro, the expression of DPP4 in hPA is reduced on the addition of differentiation medium, indicating that this protein can be hPA marker. Long term hypoxia altered the expression of DPP4 in hPA. Inin vitrohypoxic conditions the protease activity of shed DPP4 is reduced; however, in the presence of insulin, the increase in DPP4 expression is potentiated by hypoxia.
Modelling the Rainfall Erosivity of the Rhone Region (Southeastern France) Associated with Climate Variability and Storminess
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Bellocchi Gianni , Romano Nunzio , Guadagno Francesco M.
Published: January 2016

Changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme rainfall may have important effects on the magnitude and timing of rainfall erosivity, which in turn lead to even severe soil degradation phenomena. The Mediterranean belt is characterized by strong climatic variability and specific seasonal features, where dry periods are often interrupted by pulsing storms. Identifying the thresholds associated with extreme rainfall events is among the most important challenges for this region. To discern the spatial patterns of rainfall erosivity hazard in the Rhone region (eastern France), this study establishes thresholds in the power of rainstorms. An indicator Kriging approach was employed for computing probability maps of the annual rainfall erosivity exceeding the threshold of 1800 MJ mm ha−1 h−1, the latter being twice greater than the standard deviation. The interdecadal spatial patterns of hazard were assessed for recent decades (1991–2010) and the precedents ones (1961–1990). Climate fluctuations of rainfall erosivity revealed possible signals of increased storminess hazard across the region in recent times. We also discussed changes in the rainfall erosivity hazard forcing as related to climatic changes in daily rain rate, especially in autumn when the erosivity is likely affected by more intense storminess occurring across the southern part of the Rhone region.
Chalcone Scaffold in Anticancer Armamentarium: A Molecular Insight
Authors: Das Manik , Manna Kuntal
Published: January 2016

Cancer is an inevitable matter of concern in the medicinal chemistry era. Chalcone is the well exploited scaffold in the anticancer domain. The molecular mechanism of chalcone at cellular level was explored in past decades. This mini review provides the most recent updates on anticancer potential of chalcones.
Tanshinone IIA Protects against Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐ (DSS‐) Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulation of Neutrophil Infiltration and Activation
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , He Haiyue , Huang Tingting , Lei Zhen , Liu Fuquan , An Guangyu , Wen Tao
Published: January 2016

Neutrophils play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of intestinal inflammation. However, conventional neutrophil‐targeted therapies can impair normal host defense. Tanshinone IIA has been recently revealed to act directly on neutrophils. Hence, we aimed at investigating whether Tanshinone IIA can protect against experimental colitis through modulation of neutrophils. We induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice by giving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) orally, and meanwhile, we treated mice daily with Tanshinone IIA intraperitoneally. The severity of colitis was evaluated by calculating disease activity index (DAI) and histological parameters. Neutrophil infiltration and activation in the colons of mice were measured. Moreover, whether Tanshinone IIA has direct effects on neutrophil migration and activation was determined in vitro. Our data showed that Tanshinone IIA significantly ameliorated the severity of DSS‐induced colitis in mice, evidenced by the reduced DAI and improved colonic inflammation. In addition, Tanshinone IIA decreased neutrophil infiltration of intestinal mucosa and activation and reduced colonic inflammatory cytokines in DSS‐treated mice. Furthermore, Tanshinone IIA was demonstrated to significantly suppress neutrophil migration and activation. These results provide compelling evidence that Tanshinone IIA has a therapeutic potential for alleviating inflammatory colitis in mice, which is possibly mediated by the immunomodulation of neutrophils.
A Comparison Study of Mechanism: Cu2+Adsorption on Different Adsorbents and Their Surface-Modified Adsorbents
Authors: Yu Yaqin , Li Xinrui , Cheng Jiemin
Published: January 2016

The isothermal adsorption kinetics of Cu2+onto Carbon Black (CB) and Oxidized Carbon Black (OCB) were studied under different solution conditions and compared with bentonite and organic bentonite with the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). The adsorption capacities followed the order of OCB > CB > organic bentonite > bentonite, which was consistent with the orders of their surface roughness and specific surface area. The Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to explore the adsorption mechanism at molecular level. The adsorption process onto CB was physical adsorption. However, with the increase of oxygen-containing functional groups (C=O, C-O, and CNO), the chelation adsorption onto OCB became gradually dominant except physical adsorption. The ion exchange adsorption was the major adsorption mechanism of bentonite. The compounds were introduced into clay interlayer by complexing reaction with Cu2+, which improved the adsorption capacity of organic bentonite. The results present a significant implication for the environmental fate assessment of heavy metal pollution.
Metachronous Occurrence of Granular Cell Tumor in Breast Skin and Scalp: Diagnostic Challenging Differentiating Benign from Malignant and a Literature Review
Authors: Akkaya Hampar , Toru Havva Serap , Ayva Ebru Sebnem , Karabulut Zulfikar , Durusoy Cicek
Published: January 2016

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a Schwann cell related benign neoplasm of soft tissue. GCT is an uncommon entity that occurs in a wide variety of body sites, but it is generally presented in the skin, oral cavity, superficial soft tissue, and respiratory and digestive tracts. Most of the GCTs are benign but clinically and radiologically these may mimic malignancy. Histopathological diagnosis is gold standard for establishing the true nature of the lesion. GCT is most commonly solitary but in about 10% of cases can be multifocal, usually involving various skin and soft tissue sites versus involving various internal sites. Therefore, these can involve skin and soft tissue or submucosa and viscera. GCT is usually benign; however, local recurrence is common due to incomplete removal. Malignant cases are rarely reported in 1-2% of cases. In this study, we report clinical and histopathological findings of a 36-year-old woman with metachronous GCT in breast and scalp. The clinical features raise the question of whether these are metachronous benign GCTs or whether this is establishment of malignant behavior. The aim of this report is to present the histopathological and clinical features of GCT and the diagnostic challenge of differentiating benign from malignant GCT.
Remote Sensing Observations of the Winter Yellow Sea Warm Current Invasion into the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Guo Jie , Zhang Hua , Cui Tingwei , He Yijun , Zhang Jie , Guo Kai , Hou Chawei , Liu Rongjie
Published: January 2016

Using ASCAT, QuikSCAT, and MODIS data, we analyzed the sea surface wind field, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentrations in the mixed zone between the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the winter (the period of winter 2013 included December 2013 and January-February 2014) from 2002 to 2013. We found that the intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current into the Bohai Sea occurred three times in the winters of 2007 (strongest), 2004, and 2013 (weakest) during this 12-year period. We present detailed validation of the intrusion in 2013. This study shows that the intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current into the Bohai Sea occurred when the wind speed, sea surface temperature, and salinity were above (or close to) the multiyear average and the chlorophyll concentration was less than the multiyear average.
Current Research Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Folch Jaume , Petrov Dmitry , Ettcheto Miren , Abad Sonia , Sánchez-López Elena , García M. Luisa , Olloquequi Jordi , Beas-Zarate Carlos , Auladell Carme , Camins Antoni
Published: January 2016

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) currently presents one of the biggest healthcare issues in the developed countries. There is no effective treatment capable of slowing down disease progression. In recent years the main focus of research on novel pharmacotherapies was based on the amyloidogenic hypothesis of AD, which posits that the beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is chiefly responsible for cognitive impairment and neuronal death. The goal of such treatments is (a) to reduce Aβproduction through the inhibition ofβandγsecretase enzymes and (b) to promote dissolution of existing cerebral Aβplaques. However, this approach has proven to be only modestly effective. Recent studies suggest an alternative strategy centred on the inhibition of the downstream Aβsignalling, particularly at the synapse. Aβoligomers may cause aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation postsynaptically by forming complexes with the cell-surface prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is enriched at the neuronal postsynaptic density, where it interacts with Fyn tyrosine kinase. Fyn activation occurs when Aβis bound to PrPC-Fyn complex. Fyn causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the NR2B subunit of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Fyn kinase blockers masitinib and saracatinib have proven to be efficacious in treating AD symptoms in experimental mouse models of the disease.
The Effects of Leptin Replacement on Neural Plasticity
Authors: Paz-Filho Gilberto J.
Published: January 2016

Leptin, an adipokine synthesized and secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, has multiple effects on the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Its recently-approved analogue, metreleptin, has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with leptin deficiency due to mutations in the leptin gene, lipodystrophy syndromes, and hypothalamic amenorrhea. In such patients, leptin replacement therapy has led to changes in brain structure and function in intra- and extrahypothalamic areas, including the hippocampus. Furthermore, in one of those patients, improvements in neurocognitive development have been observed. In addition to this evidence linking leptin to neural plasticity and function, observational studies evaluating leptin-sufficient humans have also demonstrated direct correlation between blood leptin levels and brain volume and inverse associations between circulating leptin and risk for the development of dementia. This review summarizes the evidence in the literature on the role of leptin in neural plasticity (in leptin-deficient and in leptin-sufficient individuals) and its effects on synaptic activity, glutamate receptor trafficking, neuronal morphology, neuronal development and survival, and microglial function.
Production of Thermoalkaliphilic Lipase fromGeobacillus thermoleovoransDA2 and Application in Leather Industry
Authors: Abol Fotouh Deyaa M. , Bayoumi Reda A. , Hassan Mohamed A.
Published: January 2016

Thermophilic and alkaliphilic lipases are meeting a growing global attention as their increased importance in several industrial fields. Over 23 bacterial strains, novel strain with high lipolytic activity was isolated from Southern Sinai, Egypt, and it was identified asGeobacillus thermoleovoransDA2 using 16S rRNA as well as morphological and biochemical features. The lipase was produced in presence of fatty restaurant wastes as an inducing substrate. The optimized conditions for lipase production were recorded to be temperature 60°C, pH 10, and incubation time for 48 hrs. Enzymatic production increased when the organism was grown in a medium containing galactose as carbon source and ammonium phosphate as nitrogen source at concentrations of 1 and 0.5% (w/v), respectively. Moreover, the optimum conditions for lipase production such as substrate concentration, inoculum size, and agitation rate were found to be 10% (w/v), 4% (v/v), and 120 rpm, respectively. The TA lipase with Triton X-100 had the best degreasing agent by lowering the total lipid content to 2.6% as compared to kerosene (7.5%) or the sole crude enzyme (8.9%). It can be concluded that the chemical leather process can be substituted with TA lipase for boosting the quality of leather and reducing the environmental hazards.
Spectrum of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Children: A Report from PICU of a Resource Limited Country
Authors: Abbas Qalab , Merchant Qurat ul Ain , Nasir Bushra , Haque Anwar ul , Salam Basit , Javed Gohar
Published: January 2016

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in children is a rare but disabling disease that accounts for almost half cases of stroke. We report our experience of ICH in children. Retrospective review of medical records of children (1 month-16 years) admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit between January 2007 and December 2014 was done. Data collected included age, gender, presentation, examination findings, neuroimaging done (CT, MRI, and angiography) management (conservative/intervention), and outcome. Results are presented as frequency and percentages. Of the total 50 patients, 58% were male and 26% were <1 year. On presentation 44% had vomiting, 42% had seizures, and GCS < 8 while 40% had altered level of consciousness. Single bleed was present in 88%, 94% had supratentorial bleed, and 32% had intraventricular extension. 72% had bleed volume of <30 mL and 8% had >60 mL. CT scan was done in 98% patients and MRI in 34%, while 6% underwent conventional angiography. 60% patients were managed conservatively, 36% underwent neurosurgical intervention, and 6% underwent radiological vascular intervention. Hematologic causes were identified in 52% patients and vascular malformations in 14% and in 26% no cause could be identified. 26% of patients expired.
Nondimensional Wind and Temperature Profiles in the Atmospheric Surface Layer over the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in China
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Mamtimin Ali , Huo Wen , Yang Xinghua , Liu Xinchun , Yang Fan , He Qing
Published: January 2016

Observed turbulent fluxes, wind, and temperature profiles at Tazhong station over the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert in China have been analyzed to evaluate empirical parameters used in the profile functions of desert surface layer. The von Kármán constant derived from our observations is about 0.396 in near-neutral stratification, which is in good agreement with many other studies for different underlying surface. In our analysis, the turbulent Prandtl number is about 0.75 in near-neutral conditions. For unstable range, the nondimensional wind and temperature profile functions are best fitted by the exponents of −1/4 and −1/2, respectively. The linear relations still hold for stable stratification in this extremely arid desert. However, the parameters used in their profile functions need to be revised to be applicable for desert surfaces.
Results of Medium Seventeen Years’ Follow-Up after Laparoscopic Choledochotomy for Ductal Stones
Authors: Quaresima Silvia , Balla Andrea , Guerrieri Mario , Lezoche Giovanni , Campagnacci Roberto , D’Ambrosio Giancarlo , Lezoche Emanuele , Paganini Alessandro M.
Published: January 2016

Introduction. In a previously published article the authors reported the long-term follow-up results in 138 consecutive patients with gallstones and common bile duct (CBD) stones who underwent laparoscopic transverse choledochotomy (TC) with T-tube biliary drainage and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Aim of this study is to evaluate the results at up to 23 years of follow-up in the same series.Methods. One hundred twenty-one patients are the object of the present study. Patients were evaluated by clinical visit, blood assay, and abdominal ultrasound. Symptomatic patients underwent cholangio-MRI, followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as required.Results. Out of 121 patients, 61 elderly patients died from unrelated causes. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up. In the 46 remaining patients, ductal stone recurrence occurred in one case (2,1%) successfully managed by ERCP with endoscopic sphincterotomy. At a mean follow-up of 17.1 years no other patients showed signs of bile stasis and no patient showed any imaging evidence of CBD stricture at the site of choledochotomy.Conclusions. Laparoscopic transverse choledochotomy with routine T-tube biliary drainage during LC has proven to be safe and effective at up to 23 years of follow-up, with no evidence of CBD stricture when the procedure is performed with a correct technique.
Effects of Magnetite Aggregate and Steel Powder on Thermal Conductivity and Porosity in Concrete for Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Lee Han-Seung , Kwon Seung-Jun
Published: January 2016

Among many engineering advantages in concrete, low thermal conductivity is an attractive property. Concrete has been widely used for nuclear vessels and plant facilities for its excellent radiation shielding. The heat isolation through low thermal conductivity is actually positive for nuclear power plant concrete; however the property may cause adverse effect when fires and melt-down occur in nuclear vessel since cooling down from outer surface is almost impossible due to very low thermal conductivity. If concrete containing atomic reactor has higher thermal conductivity, the explosion risk of conductive may be partially reduced. This paper presents high thermally conductive concrete development. For the work, magnetite with varying replacements of normal aggregates and steel powder of 1.5% of volume are considered, and the equivalent thermal conductivity is evaluated. Only when the replacement ratio goes up to 30%, thermal conductivity increases rapidly to 2.5 times. Addition of steel powder is evaluated to be effective by 1.08~1.15 times. In order to evaluate the improvement of thermal conductivity, several models like ACI, DEMM, and MEM are studied, and their results are compared with test results. In the present work, the effects of steel powder and magnetite aggregate are studied not only for strength development but also for thermal behavior based on porosity.
A Geo-Aware Taxi Carrying Management System by Using Location Based Services and Zone Queuing Techniques on Internet of Things
Authors: Dow Chyi-Ren , Nguyen Duc-Binh , Wang Shr-Chen , Hwang Shiow-Fen , Tsai Ming Fong
Published: January 2016

Taxi plays a crucial role in the transportation system because of the characteristic that can be hailed conveniently. Most of the taxi drivers obtain passengers by hunting on the road or waiting in a fixed taxi queuing point; however these methods have poor performance, high vacancy rate, and several critical problems such as air pollution and foul up traffic. This study proposed a taxi carrying management system by using location based services and zone queuing techniques on Internet of things. The proposed system allows drivers to both hunt on the road and wait in a queuing zone. A queuing table is used in the control center and neighbor tables are used in RSUs for zone queuing establishment. Joining and leaving mechanisms are developed for zone queuing management. To enhance service efficiency and quality, we present a scheme to prevent the ping-pong effect which is based on the location based services, a hunting rate calculation scheme, and a path planning service for taxi drivers according to the history carrying record. PRISM is used to simulate the proposed system, and the results indicated that our scheme outperforms the waiting and hunting models in terms of number of customers, vacancy rate, and profit.
Successful Treatment of Secondary Aortoenteric Fistula with a Special Graft
Authors: Çiçek Ömer Faruk , Çiçek Mustafa Cüneyt , Kadiroğulları Ersin , Uzun Alper , Ulaş Mahmut
Published: January 2016

Aortoenteric fistula is an uncommon but life-threatening cause of gastrointestinal blood loss. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with an episode of melena and infection in the left inguinal region. Diagnosis of secondary aortoenteric fistula was made between the left limb of the aortobifemoral graft and the descending colon. We performed excision of the infected graft and in situ silver acetate coating of prosthetic vascular graft replacement (aortoleft femoral) on the patient. This study reports a rare type of secondary aortoenteric fistula to the left colon, and it describes an unusual and successful surgical treatment. Antimicrobial coating of prosthetic vascular grafts may be a good alternative in the presence of graft infection associated with aortoenteric fistula because in situ grafts may carry an increased risk of reinfection.
“Behind Cinerama's Aluminum Curtain”: Cold War Spectacle and Propaganda at the First Damascus International Exposition
Authors: Martin Kevin W.
Published: January 2016

In September 1954 the United States Information Service presented Cinerama's panoramic widescreen projection and surround-sound technology at the First Damascus International Exposition. This exercise in “soft-power” cultural diplomacy underlay the U.S. government's participation in the event, a “festival” of national progress and development staged in the midst of three interrelated contests—the Cold War, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and a multisided struggle for Arab supremacy via control of Syria's foreign policy orientation. Drawing on declassified U.S. diplomatic correspondence, Syrian press coverage of the exposition, and the content of the film This Is Cinerama, this article compares U.S. and Syrian perceptions of the exposition and the multimedia spectacle it embodied. In the process, the article explores the reach of U.S. “soft-power” cultural diplomacy efforts in the Arab world after World War II, as well as the relationship among politics, technology, and cultural representation.
Plasticity of metamorphic traits in a high-altitude toad: interactive effects of food level and temperature
Authors: Yu Tong Lei , Busam Michael , Wang Dong Li , Chen Kun
Published: January 2016

In organisms with complex life cycles, such as amphibians, morphological variation itself is strongly influenced by environmental factors and maternal effects. Although temperature and food level exert a strong influence on larval growth and development, little is known about the interacting effects of these factors on age and size at metamorphosis. In this study, plasticity in growth rates, larval mass, larval period, and body size at metamorphosis were experimentally examined for a high-altitude toad (Bufo minshanicus) under different combinations of temperature and food level. Larval period and mass at metamorphosis were sensitive to food level, and varied with temperature. At high food level, tadpoles reared at 29.8°C had shorter larval period lengths and larger mass at metamorphosis than those reared at 25.8 and 22.6°C, but not between 25.8 and 22.6°C. Interestingly, tadpoles at 29.8°C that were offered with a higher level of food supply achieved a larger size than those with a lower level of food supply; however, food supply did not affect body mass at the two lower temperature settings. Thus, the effects of food level were dependent on water temperature. Although there was high mortality at 29.8°C, surviving tadpoles have been much stronger to achieve faster growth and reach a larger mass at metamorphosis, which were positively correlated with juvenile survival and adult fecundity. Thus, under varied environmental conditions, we could say that there is more plasticity in development and growth of larvae in high altitude populations than in the same species or other species from low altitude populations.
Quality of Multilingual Specialised Lexicography in Poland
Authors: Łukasik Marek Wojciech
Published: January 2016

Quality of Multilingual Specialised Lexicography in PolandThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the state of multilingual specialised lexicography in Poland over a period of almost 70 years. Based on the analysis of macro- and microstructures of multilingual dictionaries published in Poland since 1945, the study offers a thorough insight into the key parameters of such works, including their general lexicographic structure, presentation of the content as well as potential usefulness for users. Compared with the achievements of theoretical lexicography, the terminographic analysis has enabled the author to draw meaningful conclusions and put forward applicative proposals for future dictionaries.
On Redundancy in Describing Linguistic Systems
Authors: Pericliev Vladimir Borissov
Published: January 2016

On Redundancy in Describing Linguistic SystemsThe notion of system of linguistic elements figures prominently in most post-Saussurian linguistics up to the present. A “system” is the network of the contrastive (or, distinctive) features each element in the system bears to the remaining elements. The meaning (valeur) of each element in the system is the set of features that are necessary and jointly sufficient to distinguish this element from all others. The paper addresses the problems of “redundancy”, i.e. the occurrence of features that are not strictly necessary in describing an element in a system. Redundancy is shown to smuggle into the description of linguistic systems, this infelicitous practice illustrated with some examples from the literature (e.g. the classical phonemic analysis of Russian by Cherry, Halle, and Jakobson, 1953). The logic and psychology of the occurrence of redundancy are briefly sketched and it is shown that, in addition to some other problems, redundancy leads to a huge and unresolvable ambiguity of descriptions of linguistic systems (the Buridan’s ass problem).
Towards a Linguistically-Oriented Textual Entailment Test-Suite for Polish Based on the Semantic Syntax Approach
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: January 2016

Towards a Linguistically-Oriented Textual Entailment Test-Suite for Polish Based on the Semantic Syntax ApproachThe aim of this programmatic position paper is to show that the semantic syntax tradition of Polish linguistics associated with the name of Stanisław Karolak may be a basis for the development of a taxonomy of entailment types and a corresponding test-suite of entailment examples. The article also puts forward some initial desiderata for such a test-suite.
Digital Lexicographic Systems and Traditional Paper Dictionaries (From Traditional Paper Dictionaries to Digital Lexicographic Systems)
Authors: Shyrokov Volodymyr , Ostapova Iryna
Published: January 2016

Digital Lexicographic Systems and Traditional Paper Dictionaries (From Traditional Paper Dictionaries to Digital Lexicographic Systems)Main problems of modern lexicography are under analysis. The theory of lexicographical systems is presented as well as its applications for the description of the structure of lexicographical systems for new digital Ukrainian Explanatory Dictionary and Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language. The concept of virtual lexicographical laboratories is presented. The implementation of two virtual lexicographical laboratories is given (the first for Ukrainian Explanatory Dictionary and next for Etymological Dictionary of Ukrainian Language).
Lexical Means in Communicating Emotion in Suicide Notes – on the Basis of the Polish Corpus of Suicide Notes
Authors: Zaśko-Zielińska Monika , Piasecki Maciej
Published: January 2016

Lexical Means in Communicating Emotion in Suicide Notes - on the Basis of the Polish Corpus of Suicide NotesPolish Corpus of Suicide Notes (PCSN) is a relatively large set of authentic suicide notes that are linguistically annotated on several levels. In order to identify features characteristic for this genre we compared PCSN with the collected subcorpus of counterfeited suicide notes. In this paper we focus on the lexical means of expressing emotions. Our goal was to analyse ways of expressing emotions in this specific genre. Our initial list of lexical markers was based on Markowski’s list of the lexis common for different genres. The list was next expanded with the help of the plWordNet 2.0 — a lexico-semantic network. The expansion was based on the manually selected noun and verb hypernymy branches according to their correspondence to the elements of the initial list. For words from the extended list, a quantitative analysis was performed for both authentic and fake suicide notes. We have also analysed the use of the lexical markers of emotions, feelings and emotional states, as well as emotion operators, and ways of expressing personal evaluation, affection and hate.
Towards the Methodology for Extending Princeton WordNet
Authors: Rudnicka Ewa Katarzyna , Witkowski Wojciech , Kaliński Michał
Published: January 2016

Towards the Methodology for Extending Princeton WordNetThe paper presents the methodology and results of the first, pilot stage of the extension of Princeton WordNet, a huge electronic English language thesaurus and lexico-semantic network based on synsets, ie. sets of synonymous lexical units, or lemma sense pairs. The necessity for such extension arose in the course of mapping plWordNet (Polish WordNet — Słowosieć) onto Princeton WordNet, which produced a large number of inter-lingual hyponymy links signalling differences in the structure and lexical coverage of the two networks. The proposed strategy uses I-hyponymy links as pointers to presumed gaps in the lexical coverage of PrincetonWordNet and offers strategies of filling them in with new lexical units and synsets.
Epinephrine Policies and Protocols Guidance for Schools
Authors: Tanner Andrea , Clarke Carrie
Published: January 2016

In response to limited direction given by legislative bodies to school nurses about how to implement state-mandated or recommended stock epinephrine programs in their schools, NASN convened a workgroup of invested stakeholders. This workgroup was challenged to equip school nurses with the necessary tools to develop policies and protocols regarding stock epinephrine in their school districts. The dynamic workgroup subcommittees focused on policies, procedures, and reporting tools. This article reviews the results of the subcommittees’ work and the overall collaboration within the workgroup. This article provides clear, nationally recognized guidance on the best practice for establishing stock epinephrine policies and protocols with reporting tools at the local school district level.
Mouse host unlicensed NK cells promote donor allogeneic bone marrow engraftment
Authors: Alvarez Maite , Sun Kai , Murphy William J.
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Unlicensed NK cells release GM-CSF upon allogeneic MHCI recognition, which promotes donor allogeneic BMC engraftment.
Safety and efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrate as first-line treatment in bleeding after cardiac surgery
Authors: Cappabianca Giangiuseppe , Mariscalco Giovanni , Biancari Fausto , Maselli Daniele , Papesso Francesca , Cottini Marzia , Crosta Sandro , Banescu Simona , Ahmed Aamer B. , Beghi Cesare
Published: January 2016

Background

Bleeding after cardiac surgery requiring surgical reexploration and blood component transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) has been used satisfactorily in bleeding disorders, studies on its efficacy and safety after cardiopulmonary bypass are limited.

Methods

Between January 2005 and December 2013, 3454 consecutive cardiac surgery patients were included in an observational study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of PCC as first-line coagulopathy treatment as a replacement for fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Starting in January 2012, PCC was introduced as solely first-line treatment for bleeding following cardiac surgery.

Results

After one-to-one propensity score–matched analysis, 225 pairs of patients receiving PCC (median dose 1500 IU) and FFP (median dose 2 U) were included. The use of PCC was associated with significantly decreased 24-h post-operative blood loss (836 ± 1226 vs. 935 ± 583 ml, p < 0.0001). Propensity score–adjusted multivariate analysis showed that PCC was associated with significantly lower risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.80), decreased amount of RBC units (β unstandardised coefficient −1.42, 95 % CI −2.06 to −0.77) and decreased risk of transfusion of more than 2 RBC units (OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.38–0.73). Patients receiving PCC had an increased risk of post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.02–2.05) and renal replacement therapy (OR 3.35, 95 % CI 1.13–9.90). Hospital mortality was unaffected by PCC (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 0.84–2.72).

Conclusions

In the cardiac surgery setting, the use of PCC compared with FFP was associated with decreased post-operative blood loss and RBC transfusion requirements. However, PCC administration may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative AKI.
Status of coastal forests of the Northern Sumatra in 2004's tsunami catastrophe)
Authors: ONRIZAL ONRIZAL , MANSOR MASHHOR
Published: January 2016

Onrizal, Mansor M. 2015. Status of coastal forests of the Northern Sumatra in 2005 (after 2004's tsunami catastrophe) Biodiversitas 17: 44-54. The first intensive ecological study of coastal vegetation including mangrove, littoral and peat swamp forests after the 2004 tsunami catastrophe in Northern Sumatra was conducted from January to December 2005 where 16 sampling sites along 2960km coastline in Northern Sumatra were selected. In each site, one quadrate of 100 m x 100 m was established and divided into 10 m x 10 m subplots where all standing trees of â‰¥ 2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species level and measured. Overall 54,871 standing trees were recorded in 16 sites comprising 84 species in 65 genera and 37 families. Mangrove trees Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata were widely distributed and are dominant in most of the sampling sites. This indicated that these species have stronger resilient compared to other species. The highest value of Shannon-Wiener index of species and Evenness index of speciesÂ was 3.03 and 0.85, respectively. It means that some sites were rich in biodiversity which harbors various species of plants. Subsequently, undisturbed coastal forests including mangroves, littoral forests and peat swamp forests characterized by dense stands, mixed species and structures play an important role in coastal protection against tsunami. Therefore, the coastal vegetation is needed to conserve the biodiversity and to maintain the production capacity as part of sustainable and longlasting vegetation bioshield.
In Search of an Audience: Popular Pharmacies and the Limits of Literate Medicine in Late Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century Russia
Authors: Griffin Clare
Published: January 2016

summary: This article addresses the question of the limits of literate medicine in Europe, through an examination of the Russian literate medical world of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Russian courtly medicine had been dominated by Western Europeans from the 1480s, but in the early eighteenth century new licensing arrangements solidified the presence of these foreigners in the wider Russian medical world. Foreign medical practitioners took advantage of this development, aiming works at an increasingly large proportion of Russian literate society. These works, along with satirical and religious works emulating or deriding medical texts, show how by the 1720s the limits of literate medicine in Russia lay not at the edges of official court medicine, but rather at the edges of literate society.
“Of Grand Intentions” and “Opaque Structures”: Managing the Hospício Pedro II during Brazil’s Second Empire (1852–90)
Authors: Meyer Manuella
Published: January 2016

summary: This article chronicles contestations between religious actors, represented by the Brazilian Santa Casa de Misericórdia Catholic lay brotherhood and the French nun order, the Daughters of Charity, on one hand, and emergent psychiatrists, on the other, over the governance of the Hospício Pedro II, Brazil’s first public asylum. It investigates how psychiatrists, as apostles of professional rationality, developed their ideas about reason and bureaucratic power in a contested site of religious charity during Brazil’s Second Empire (1852–90). Apart from sharing ideological ground about the need to seclude the insane in the asylum, I argue that these groups brought divergent and entangled epistemologies about the constructions of madness, its treatment, and its bureaucratic governance.
Speaking Secrets: Epilepsy, Neurosurgery, and Patient Testimony in the Age of the Explorable Brain, 1934–1960
Authors: Elder Rachel
Published: January 2016

summary: This article examines the role of Wilder Penfield’s patients in early neurosurgeries for epilepsy at the Montreal Neurological Institute from the 1930s to 1950s. Shifting the focus from scientific discoveries that emerged as a result of Penfield’s unprecedented “exploration” of the brain, this piece considers how patients contributed to the creation of such knowledge through their spoken feedback, both within and beyond the operating room. Correspondingly, it examines the personal and social contexts under which patients elected for surgery. Tracing an underexplored social history of Penfield’s patients through more than sixty clinical records, it suggests that making knowledge about the brain was a multidirectional process in which patients meaningfully participated, and in which their experiences of epilepsy and motivations for surgery were significant.
A Global Perspective: Reframing the History of Health, Medicine, and Disease
Authors: Harrison Mark
Published: January 2016

summary: The emergence of global history has been one of the more notable features of academic history over the past three decades. Although historians of disease were among the pioneers of one of its earlier incarnations—world history—the recent “global turn” has made relatively little impact on histories of health, disease, and medicine. Most continue to be framed by familiar entities such as the colony or nation-state or are confined to particular medical “traditions.” This article aims to show what can be gained from taking a broader perspective. Its purpose is not to replace other ways of seeing or to write a new “grand narrative” but to show how transnational and transimperial approaches are vital to understanding some of the key issues with which historians of health, disease, and medicine are concerned. Moving on from an analysis of earlier periods of integration, the article offers some reflections on our own era of globalization and on the emerging field of global health.
Nutritional Noise: Community Literacies and the Movement Against Foods Labeled as “Natural”
Authors: Trauth Erin
Published: January 2016

In the face of the $44 billion market—and rising—for foods labeled as “natural” (despite any formal regulatory oversight on the use of this term), this article examines multiple complex layers of community literacies and movements involving foods labeled as “natural,” including an increasing availability of “natural” foods and simultaneous rise in U.S. obesity rates, as well as grassroots movements that have challenged the use of “natural.” Then, using an online survey of 707 respondents in a localized community setting, I provide my own examination of literacies of “natural” foods by assessing specific consumer interpretations and regulatory knowledge of the word “natural” as it is found on food labels. Ultimately, I discuss what role these varying levels of literacies play in the rising U.S. movement to push back against the use of this claim in the face of an otherwise flourishing “natural” food market.
De aquí y de allá : Changing Perceptions of Literacy through Food Pedagogy, Asset-Based Narratives, and Hybrid Spaces
Authors: Durá Lucía , Salas Consuelo , Medina-Jerez William , Hill Virginia
Published: January 2016

In this article we describe La Escuelita Afterschool Program, an interdisciplinary, inter-institutional, after-school literacy partnership on the U.S.–Mexico border. The Escuelita Program used food pedagogy to tap into funds of knowledge, bridging home and school literacies. In doing so, the program challenged deficit thinking and enhanced K-6 students’ curiosity and engagement around traditional subjects: science, math, reading, and writing. Through a process of experimental curriculum design and a variety of qualitative data collection methods, we discuss how food pedagogy can help to change deficit-based narratives and how it helps expand the scope of literacy acquisition.
Mindful Persistence: Literacies for Taking up and Sustaining Fermented-Food Projects
Authors: Santana Christina , Kuznetsov Stacey , Schmeckpeper Sheri , Curry Linda J. , Long Elenore , Davis Lauren , Koerner Heidi , McQuarrie Kimberly Butterfield
Published: January 2016

Almost by definition, resisting the insidious convenience of the mainstream food supply requires persistence. This is especially true for food projects requiring fermentation—projects that unfold over days or weeks and require day-to-day science in kitchens where variables can be hard to control and where some degree of periodic failure is almost inevitable. In this article, a team of writers—scholars and community members—dramatizes a joint inquiry from which emerged a composite portrait of what we have come to call mindful persistence —an existential yet collaborative engine that drives our food literacies. Dialogic text features highlight the situated insights of individual writers, indicating that while this team shares an interest in fermentation, this interest does not require or assume identical understandings of the science of fermentation or similar positions in the probiotic debate surrounding contemporary fermentation practices. Instead, what is shared is a mindful persistence that scaffolds reflective action in this dynamic problem space.
Sponsors of Agricultural Literacies: Intersections of Institutional and Local Knowledge in a Farming Community
Authors: Galbreath Marcy L.
Published: January 2016

Many of the agricultural literacies engendering twentieth-century farming practices and shaping contemporary concepts of food and nutrition in the United States arose through scientific research at land-grant colleges. This article examines how those literacies reached and interacted with local communities through institutional entities such as the extension service and its youth program, the 4-H.
Community Cookbooks: Sponsors of Literacy and Community Identity
Authors: Mastrangelo Lisa
Published: January 2016

This article looks at the various ways that communities can be "read" through their cookbooks. Recipes and collections can reveal much about communities, including shared memories/traditions, geographical identifications, and representations of class.
Feed Your Mind: Cultivating Ecological Community Literacies with Permaculture
Authors: Wade Stephanie
Published: January 2016

This article proposes permaculture , an ecological alternative to industrial agriculture, as a way to design first-year composition and community literacy classes. First, the paper connects permaculture with post-humanism to describe ecological community literacies—the type of knowledge that ecological theorists say we need to navigate the end of the anthropocene. Next, it describes assignments that can lead college students to this knowledge, and finally, it describes actual community literacy projects where college students can lead elementary students through assignments to gain this knowledge.
On Voice-onset Time as a Cue to Foreign Accent in Spanish: Native and Nonnative Perceptions
Authors: Schoonmaker-Gates Elena
Published: January 2016

Although previous research has documented the relationship between voice-onset time (VOT) and the production of foreign accent in English and Spanish, less is known about the role of this cue in perception. VOT refers to the aspiration that occurs between the release of a stop consonant and the beginning of the following segment. In Spanish and English, voiceless stop VOTs differ cross-linguistically in the duration of the aspiration. This study presents a quantitative analysis of VOT as it is associated with the degree of foreign accent perceived by 26 native speakers of Spanish and 160 native English speakers learning Spanish. The results show that both listener groups perceived and used VOT duration differences in their judgments of degree of foreign accent in Spanish, although nonnative listeners’ assessments varied according to their course enrollment. The findings suggest that language learners have a concept of what constitutes native-like Spanish and native-like VOTs in Spanish, information that they draw on in judging foreign accent. These results have implications for language instructors and adult language learners as well.
La cabina o el horror del absurdo
Authors: Martín Juan , Garn Eric , Rohrer Kristine
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza el mediometraje televisivo La cabina (1972) y sus coordinadas políticas, sociales, culturales y filosóficas. La película alcanzó una gran aceptación entre la crítica y tuvo un gran impacto popular, hasta el punto de convertirse en un icono de la cultura española en aquel tiempo. A pesar de ello, no hay ningún estudio académico previo de esta obra. Concebida por sus autores como una obra de ciencia ficción de interpretación abierta, este estudio demuestra que está enraizada en el teatro vanguardista y la temática existencial característica de la época mediante un análisis comparativo con obras del absurdo y el existencialismo. La cabina tiene los siguientes rasgos formales del teatro del absurdo: el diseño arquetípico de unos personajes aislados, carentes de poder volitivo y sometidos a las circunstancias; la falta de función del lenguaje; la temática medieval de la Fortuna y el Ars Moriendi ; y los asuntos prototípicos del absurdo como la circularidad del tiempo, la muerte y el suicidio. Como el teatro del absurdo, La cabina puede ser relacionada con el movimiento filosófico existencialista pujante entonces, pero relevantemente también muestra los mismos rasgos diferenciadores que el absurdo, esto es, pesimismo vital y falta de agentividad de los personajes.