bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myopericarditis - A catastrophic complication of dengue fever
Authors: Giri Anamika , Acharya Sourya , Kamat Sandeep , Shukla Samarth , Kumar Sunil
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral fever seen commonly in the urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The spectrum of this disease varies from a simple fever which can be managed with anti-pyretics to dengue shock syndrome, which requires urgent intensive care admission. Dengue shock syndrome can be a life-threatening condition. Dengue fever can progress to dengue shock and later to dengue shock syndrome if not managed with promptness. Apart from the spectrum of progression known to us, dengue fever can have a varied set of atypical presentations. These atypical presentations can be neurological, cardiac, or even gastro-intestinal. Cardiac complications, although rare, have been reported, such as various atrioventricular arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, and even myopericarditis. Here, we report a case of a 65-year-old male who presented to us with severe dyspnea and fever. Examination and investigations revealed dengue fever with myopericarditis.
Mucormycosis and aspergillosis: The deadly duo in COVID-19—a case report
Authors: Mohanty Bijaya , Ansari Zeya , Prasad Anil , Gupta Minakshi , Kumar Alok
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 disease has been associated with fungal infections such as aspergillosis and mucormycosis, especially in diabetic patients who have suffered from a moderately severe form of COVID-19 infection and are treated with steroids. Though there are multiple case reports describing co-infection with mucormycosis during the second wave of the COVID outbreak, the report of a dual fungal infection along with superadded bacterial infection is rare. Here we report a case where the same patient had a fungal storm with aspergillosis and mucormycosis and superadded Klebsiella. She was treated aggressively with antifungal agents, antibiotics, surgical debridement, and other supportive care. She improved and was discharged from the hospital after a long stay. She is being followed up regularly in the outpatient department and doing well.
Precocious puberty in a child: A rare cause and review of literature
Authors: Saminathan Thulasiraj , Dhivyalakshmi J , Sneha Latha M. , Joseph Leena D.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Precocious puberty (PP) in pediatric office practice is challenging as the cause varies from benign to malignant conditions. Adrenocortical tumors are rare in childhood and pseudo-precocious puberty is the most common clinical presentation in children. We report a case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with features of abdominal distention and virilization, and his abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an adrenal tumor which was confirmed as adrenocortical carcinoma by biopsy. This case report highlights the importance of the awareness among general practioners and pediatricians to rule out adrenocortical tumors while evaluating a child with PP.
Telogen effluvium after COVID-19 vaccination among public in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Mana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Number of reports linked Telogen effluvium to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, data about Telogen effluvium after COVID-19 vaccination are limited.

Objectives:

To estimate prevalence of Telogen effluvium among those who received COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed during July 2021. Adults who received one of recognized COVID-19 vaccine irrespective of previous COVID-19 infection were asked to fill a questionnaire.

Results:

The majority of participants were females (90.3%). The most common age group was between 21 and 30 years (51.9%). Out of 991 participants who were included in the current analysis, 670 (67.6%) reported post-vaccination hair fall. The probable causes of post-vaccination hair fall were vaccine-related in 185 (27.6%) participants, other causes in 326 (48.7%) participants, and unclear in 326 (48.7%) participants. Post-vaccination hair fall was significantly higher among females compared with males (68.5% versus 57.9%, P = 0.036), those who did not suffer compared with those who suffered from hair fall before vaccination (72.1% versus 63.4%, P = 0.003), and those who did not report compared with those who reported preexisting conditions that might be related to hair fall (74.5% versus 57.3%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

We are reporting a high prevalence of post-vaccination hair fall, which affected approximately two-thirds of participants who received COVID-19 vaccines. Only 28% of these participants were apparently vaccine related. The role of COVID-19 infection and stress caused by infection and vaccine cannot be excluded. Primary care physician and dermatologist need to consider the possibility of COVID-19 vaccine as a potential cause of hair loss.
Analysis of daily COVID-19 death bulletin data during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India
Authors: Krishnan Retnakala Anjali , Ravindran Rekha M. , Vincy V. S. , Arun P. , Shinu K. S. , Jithesh V. , Varma Ravi P.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality trends can help discern the pattern of outbreak evolution and systemic responses.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore patterns of COVID-19 deaths in Thiruvananthapuram district from 31 March 2020 to 31 December 2021.

Setting and Design:

Secondary data analysis of COVID-19 deaths in Thiruvananthapuram district was performed.

Materials and Methods:

Mortality data were obtained from the district COVID-19 control room, and deaths in the first and second waves of COVID-19 were compared.

Statistical Analysis:

We summarised data as proportions and medians with the inter-quartile range (IQR) and performed Chi-square tests to make comparisons wherever applicable.

Results:

As on 31 December 2021, 4587 COVID-19 deaths were reported in Thiruvananthapuram district, with a case fatality rate of 0.91%. We observed high mortality among older persons (66.7%) and men (56.6%). The leading cause of death was bronchopneumonia (60.6%). The majority (88.5%) had co-morbidities, commonly diabetes mellitus (54.9%). The median interval from diagnosis to hospitalisation was 4 days (IQR 2–7), and that from hospitalisation to death was 2 days (IQR 0–6). The deaths reported during the second wave were four times higher than those of the first wave with a higher proportion of deaths in the absence of co-morbidities (p < 0.001). The majority of the deceased were unvaccinated. Ecological analysis with vaccine coverage data indicated 5.4 times higher mortality among unvaccinated than those who received two vaccine doses.

Conclusions:

The presence of co-morbidities, an unvaccinated status, and delay in hospitalisation were important reasons for COVID-19 deaths. Primary level health providers can potentially help sustaining vaccination, expeditious referral, and monitoring of COVID-19 patients.
Comparative study of clinical features and vaccination status in Omicron and non-Omicron infected patients during the third wave in Mumbai, India
Authors: Takke Apurva , Zarekar Mohini , Muthuraman Vigneshwaran , Ashar Aditee , Patil Kranti , Badhavkar Anagha , Trivedi Jayshil , Khargekar Naveen , Madkaikar Manisha , Banerjee Anindita
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The Omicron variant–mediated COVID-19 wave is responsible for a global tsunami of cases. There is scarce data about the clinical and epidemiological characteristic analyses of the third wave. We present the data of COVID-19 patients from Mumbai region during the early third wave by taking S-gene target failure (SGTF) as a proxy for probable Omicron cases.

Methods:

We collected retrospective data of RT-PCR-confirmed (COVID-19) patients, and measured the proportion of possible Omicron cases by SGTF. We segregated and analyzed the clinical and lab data of patients with outcomes such as differing symptoms, vaccination coverage, previous infection, and travel history. We also performed a trend analysis of Mumbai’s COVID-19 data before and during the third wave.

Results:

All patients had mild clinical symptoms while few were asymptomatic. Myalgia was more significantly present in SGTF/Omicron cases compared to non-SGTF/Delta patients. Out of the total 101 COVID-positive individuals, 94 individuals (93%) had taken two doses of COVID vaccine. Among these 94 individuals, 9 (8.9%) had been previously infected with COVID 19 in the first or second waves. 77.7% of the previously infected were now infected with Omicron variant and only 22.3% by a non-Omicron variant.

Conclusion:

Rapid rise and fall during the third wave in Mumbai was due to Omicron cases gradually replacing Delta. The overall milder clinical spectrum in both Omicron and Delta cases imply that vaccines might not be effective against re-infection but can attenuate disease severity and mortality, as evident by high coverage of vaccination in the country.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit of a teaching hospital of Northern India during the third wave of the pandemic: A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kumar Satish , Gupta Rahul , Kumar Bhupendra , Rajan Aditi , Chandra Supriya , Gupta Harish , Atam Virendra , Sonkar Sayendra Kumar
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have impaired immune status; that’s why these patients are prone to develop infection-related complications. The current study compares non-haemodialysis chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (NO-HD-CKD and ESRD, respectively) patient outcomes, the data of which is sparse.

Methods:

Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were retrospectively studied using electronic health records. Patients were divided into three categories: non-chronic kidney disease (NO-CKD), NO-HD-CKD, and ESRD, and the outcome was assessed.

Results:

Out of 745 patients, 92 (12.34%) had NO-HD-CKD and 31 (4.16%) had ESRD. CKD patients who were not on haemodialysis had higher rates of comorbidities and D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) values compared to ESRD patients. The overall unadjusted mortality rate was found to be 17.44%, and it was 10.45% in case of NO-CKD patients, 58.69% for NO-HD-CKD patients, and 48.39% for ESRD patients. It was observed that patients having NO-HD-CKD had greater odds ratio of overall expiry in comparison to those without CKD in univariate analysis (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.31–1.91). It was not significant in fully adjusted models (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.88–1.40).

Conclusions:

During the third wave of COVID-19, we found higher mortality rates for cases with NO-HD-CKD and, to a lower extent, ESRD. However, patients with ESRD were observed to have good outcomes in comparison to those with NO-HD-CKD. Primary care physicians are the first point of contact for patients. Hence, it is critical for them to manage and to do proper referral of comorbid patients to higher centres.
Rising trend of dengue in urban areas: A challenge
Authors: Nimonkar Ravi , Ahmed Shafique , Thombre Rahul , Pardal Maninder Pal Singh , Yadav Arun , Teli Prabhakar
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:

Dengue, a mosquito-borne illness, is endemic over 100 countries around the world. Dengue cases have been on rise in India in the past decade. The present study was conducted to describe dengue cases of a ward in an urban area.

Aims:

To analyse the 5-year trend of cases of dengue fever, the 5-year trend of disease burden attributable to dengue as a proportion of all consultations, and the 5-year trend of mortality attributable to dengue as a proportion of all deaths in an urban area.

Settings:

The present study is a retrospective record-based study, carried out from January 2014 to December 2019.

Material and Methods:

Descriptive analysis was used to describe the cases. Standard statistical tools such as Chi square for linear trends were utilised for data analysis.

Results:

Except for a marginal dip in the year 2017, we observed that the trend of dengue significantly increased during the period of our study (Chi square for linear trend = 217.54; P = 0). We also observed a generally significantly increasing trend in burden of dengue as a disease, measured as a proportion of all consultations (Chi square for linear trend = 14302.72; P = 0). Mortality attributable to dengue measured as a ratio of deaths because of dengue and deaths because of all causes also shows a generally increasing trend with a slight decrease in 2018 (Chi square for linear trend = 371.24; P = 0).

Conclusion:

Dengue cases and the percentage of consultations attributable to dengue show an increasing trend over the past 5 years.
A cross-sectional study to develop an early risk prediction tool for gestational diabetes mellitus for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history
Authors: Dhutraj Pooja G. , Shinde Kiran P. , Singh Khushboo
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

In India, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated to be 10%–14.3%, which is higher than in Western countries. Out of 10 pregnancies, one is associated with diabetes, and 90% of them are GDM. GDM influences not only maternal complications but also neonatal complications. Moreover, women with GDM and their children are at increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes later.

Method and Material:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients to develop an early risk prediction tool for GDM for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history.

Results:

The mean age (in years) of patients in the study was 27.69 ± 5.07. One hundred and twenty-six patients (57.27%) had a family history of DM in their first relatives. Eighty-three (58.86%) patients had a history of complications in a previous pregnancy.

Conclusion:

The early risk predictor tool with age, prepregnancy, body mass index (BMI), family history of DM, gravidity, past history of menstrual cycle, and complications in a previous pregnancy was easy to operate, and all predictors were easily obtained in the first trimester in primary healthcare centers.
Factors associated with development of adverse events after taking COVID-19 vaccine in a tribal state of India: Regression analysis
Authors: Kujur Manisha , Kiran Kumari Asha , Nag Alka Rashmi , Soren Santosh Kumar , Kujur Anit
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination becomes a crucial weapon in the pandemic’s control. Two vaccines, Covishield and Covaxin, are approved in India to vaccinate against the virus. Hence, the present study was done to determine the factors associated with the development of adverse events after taking the COVID-19 vaccine in a tribal state of India.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional analytical study. All persons who were willing to participate in our study and had received the first or second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine from January 1 to March 31, 2021, were included. We got 1497 complete responses via (free, web-based Google Docs Editors suite offered by google, Founders- Larry Page Sergey Brin. Menlo Park, California, United States). So our final sample size came out to be 1497 in which analysis was done. The data was compiled in MS excel sheets (Microsoft version 2013, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and a template was generated which was further analyzed in SPSS version 20 (version 25.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:

The total number of respondents who participated in the surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was 1497. Among them, a majority have taken the Covishield vaccine followed by Covaxin. The majority of participants were female of age group less than 30 years and above 18 years with a mean age of 33.63 ± 51.51. The most common AEFI was pain at the site of injection, after the first and second dose followed by fever after the first and second dose within 24 h following immunization.

Conclusion:

We conclude that factors like the type of vaccine, gender, and participants who have allergies have a higher risk of presenting the adverse events after the COVID-19 vaccination.
Characteristics and outcomes of parturients with COVID-19, admitted to a critical care unit: A single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Ray Ananya , Samra Tanvir , Mahajan Varun , Singla Karan , Naik B Naveen , Joshi Bharti , Ashok Vighnesh , Suri Vanita , Singh Mini , Ghosh Arnab , Puri Goverdhan Dutt
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Data on outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy are scarce, although they represent a unique physiological state affecting both the mother and child. We present collated data from a tertiary care center in North India, encompassing the outcome, clinical characteristics, and management of these patients.

Materials and Methods:

Parturients ≥ 18 years old, with COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission at a tertiary care hospital were included. Data were retrospectively collected from April 2020 to November 2021.

Results:

In all, 26 parturients were admitted to ICU with COVID-19. Five patients were admitted during the first wave, and all were asymptomatic. Twenty-one patients presented during the second wave (March 2021 onward), among which four were asymptomatic and 17 symptomatic (all with severe pneumonia). Three patients presented in the second trimester, all with critical disease, out of which one did not survive. Two patients had twin gestation, and others were singleton pregnancies. Seven patients (27%) were primigravida, and five patients (19.2%) had more than third pregnancy. Twenty critically ill women (77%) delivered during the hospital stay. Six patients died during the second wave, and four deaths (66.7%) were because of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Conclusions:

The number of admissions and mortality related to COVID-19 ARDS was higher in the second wave than in the first. We report the safe use of remdesivir and tocilizumab in our patients.
Sewer gas poisoning causing transient and focal ST-segment elevation in the ECG: Case report
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Mawari Govind , Kumar Naresh , Sarkar Sayan , Daga Mradul Kumar
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

In India, a large number of sanitary care workers are involved in manual scavenging. This exposes them to sewer gas mainly consisting of hydrogen sulphide. Sewer gas toxicity primarily causes neurological injury, followed by cardiac and respiratory involvement. A few cases of diffuse ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) following hydrogen sulphide poisoning are known in the literature. Here, we report a case of acute sewer gas poisoning in a 45-year-old man with transient and focal ST-segment elevation in the anteroseptal leads of the ECG mimicking acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in the first year of life with joint involvement: A case report and mini-review
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Prasad Arun , Patra Pratap Kumar , Fadila
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disorder that can affect any organ system. It can have varied presentations, and often early disease is challenging to pick up due to the absence of classical features. Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus is rare before five years of age. We report a seventeen-month-old female child who came to us with a long-standing non-specific febrile illness. She was eventually diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and treated with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine with vitamin D and calcium supplements.
Hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients – Experience of a multi-disciplinary tertiary care teaching hospital of Chhattisgarh in Central India
Authors: Baruah Tridip Dutta , Kannauje Pankaj Kumar , Ray Rubik , Borkar Nitin , Panigrahi Sunil , Kumar Deepak , Pathak Madhumallika , Biswas Debarati
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the severity of it vary among populations. There is a dearth of research on epidemiology and clinical outcomes in central Indian populations with COVID-19. Our aim was to provide an analysis of all hospitalized mortality among patients with COVID-19 infection in a tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh in central India. This analysis helped us to know the severity predictors for mortality and in future will help the authorities to formulate a plan to decrease the mortality in the epidemic or uncertain ongoing pandemic.

Methodology:

This was a retrospective observational study using the hospital-based record of multi-disciplinary teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh, India. All COVID-19 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-positive patients who were declared dead or died during the course of treatment from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. In secondary analysis, age and gender distribution, co-morbidity, length of stay, and the cause of death were also investigated.

Results:

A total of 7495 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study, of whom 762 (10.16%) died in the hospital with COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. The majority of the patients were more than 60 years of age (45.7%). A total of 416 (54.4%) of the deceased patients were having co-morbidity with diabetes (13.4%), hypertension (16.4%), or both (24.4%). The majority of the patients who succumbed had a hospital stay of less than a week (≤7) (68.5%). More than half of the patients (58.3%) who expired had referred and reported to the hospital in the second or third week of illness. The respiratory system involvement was the dominant contributor of death with pneumonia (78.8%) being the most common cause, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (62.2%). 13.6% of expired patients had multiple system involvement, and 11.2% had sepsis as well.

Conclusion:

Mortality in COVID-19 patients was associated with advanced age, co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, and delay in hospitalization. These are high-risk groups and should be vaccinated against COVID-19 on priority.
A cross-sectional survey: The “Saudi guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity”: Awareness and adaptation in Al-Qassim province
Authors: Altowayan Waleed M. , Albidah Abdulaziz M. , Mohana Abdulrhman I. , Alharbi Khalid S.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Obesity and overweight are major health problems in Saudi Arabia. In response, with reference to studies both local and from abroad, the Saudi Ministry of Health and the Saudi Arabian Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recently published the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity.”

Aims:

We sought to investigate the awareness of and adherence to the “Guidelines” among health care professionals (HCPs) specializing in obesity in Al-Qassim province, Saudi Arabia.

Settings and Design:

Al-Qassim province, cross-sectional survey.

Methods and Materials:

In a cross-sectional survey, a three-part questionnaire (i.e., demographic background, information about obesity, and information about the “Guidelines”) was distributed among HCPs in Al-Qassim province from January to April 2019. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel.

Results:

Among the 72 HCPs who completed and returned the survey, knowledge of the “Guidelines” was low (40.3%). Most were not even aware of the document’s existence (59.7%), and most had not received any training regarding the Saudi obesity control program (55%).

Conclusions:

The survey’s findings suggest that HCPs in Al-Qassim province have limited knowledge about the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity” and are mostly unaware of the document’s existence. Even so, the overwhelming majority (82.8%) of HCPs who were aware have implemented the “Guidelines” in their clinical practice.
Paranasal mucoceles in children without cystic fibrosis: A case report
Authors: Hakami Turki M. , Khawaji Nehad K. , Kariri Khalil I.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

A mucocele is a slowly progressive cystic lesion of paranasal sinuses secondary to obstruction of the sinus ostium. It is an extremely rare condition in the pediatrics age group. The symptoms usually result from lesion expansion, inflammation, or compression of the adjacent structures. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with a right-side ethmoid mucocele with no known etiology and no history of cystic fibrosis. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for mucocele excision and abscess drainage. Clinicians are recommended to suspect paranasal mucoceles in patients presenting with progressive non-specific headache and orbital manifestations.
The impact of climate change on the burden of snakebite: Evidence synthesis and implications for primary healthcare
Authors: Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Beri Deepti , Jagnoor Jagnoor
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Snakebite is a public health problem in rural areas of South Asia, Africa and South America presenting mostly in primary care. Climate change and associated extreme weather events are expected to modify the snake-human-environment interface leading to a change in the burden of snakebite. Understanding this change is essential to ensure the preparedness of primary care and public health systems.

Methods:

We searched five electronic databases and supplemented them with other methods to identify eight studies on the effect of climate change on the burden of snakebite. We summarised the results thematically.

Results:

Available evidence is limited but estimates a geographic shift in risk of snakebite: northwards in North America and southwards in South America and in Mozambique. One study from Sri Lanka estimated a 31.3% increase in the incidence of snakebite. Based on limited evidence, the incidence of snakebite was not associated with tropical storms/hurricanes and droughts in the United States but associated with heatwaves in Israel.

Conclusion:

The impact of climate change and associated extreme weather events and anthropogenic changes on mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite. Transdisciplinary approaches can help understand these complex phenomena better. There is almost no evidence available in high-burden nations of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based approaches for biodiversity and prevention, the institution of longitudinal studies, together with improving the resilience of primary care and public health systems are required to mitigate the impact of climate change on snakebite.
Prevalence and effect of body dysmorphic disorder in females at Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlOtaibi Asma M. , Almuzaini Mansour M. , Alotaibi Mzoun A. , Alotaibi Razan M.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

In the United States of America, the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is believed to be 2% of the general population. There is a scarcity of evidence in Saudi Arabia on the incidence of BDD and its consequences. The significance of this study is to raise awareness of the problem, provide information, and determine the disease prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and effects of BDD in female university students.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Al-Rayan Colleges in Madina, Saudi Arabia. All females from age 18 to 30 years were enrolled in this study. A total sample size of 286 was calculated with Epi-Info software. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used.

Results:

There were 286 participants in this study. Majority of the 280 participants (97.9%) were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The prevalence of BDD was 14.68%. When comparing social avoidance to BDD, it was discovered that 29/42 people with BDD avoid social contact, with a P value of 0.001. Majority of the participants with BDD spent more than 4 h per day on social media, while 13/42 spent between 2 and 4 h per day on social media (P = 0.828). When comparing cosmetic intervention to the BDD individuals, it was discovered that all the BDD participants wished to do the cosmetic procedures (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The current study sheds light on the current state of BDD in the most vulnerable section of the general population. Throughout the study, we discovered that BDD is a common ailment that affects 14.68% of female Saudi youths. The majority of BDD participants avoid social gatherings, avoid visiting friends, and refuse to leave the house. On top of that, people with BDD wish to undergo cosmetic operations such as skin color changes and skin peeling.
Training in public health and community medicine without training of precautionary principles is incomplete
Authors: Raina Sunil K.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

What has been the learning is from the current pandemic. Besides the fact that it taught us the immense potential of pandemics to lead to ruin, it also taught us about our limitations in dealing with it.
Unusual sites with variable presentation of de novo syringocystadenoma papilliferum: A case series
Authors: Aswal Priyanka , Hemdani Ruchi , Johri Nidhi , Chatterjee Manas
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is an uncommon, benign adnexal neoplasm that occurs de novo or in an organoid nevus. It usually presents as a skin-coloured to pink, solitary, smooth, hairless plaque, verruca or nodule frequently on the scalp and forehead. SCAP may be present at unusual sites including the arm, forearm, trunk and chest. Diagnosing SCAP arising on uncommon sites is difficult owing to its varied presentation. Mostly, they are wrongly diagnosed clinically and found to be SCAP only on histopathology. We present this study of cases of SCAP with unusual location and varied presentations, which were clinically misdiagnosed. The five cases included in this study were patients attending the dermatology outpatient department in a tertiary care centre in North India. The clinical presentation and the involved sites were noted by the dermatologist, and a clinical diagnosis was made. Biopsy of the lesions was sent for histopathological examination. There are five patients in the series – four are male and one female, with age ranging from 28 to 48 years. Locations included the forearm, arm, anterior chest wall and lateral abdominal wall. The lesions clinically appeared as warty papule or nodules and one lesion appeared within a plaque, with the average duration being 5.3 years. In all five patients, the lesions were clinically suspected to be either tuberculosis verruca cutis or nodular basal cell carcinoma or dermatofibroma sarcoma protuberans (DFSP) or verruca or fibroma or pyogenic granuloma. A confirmatory diagnosis of SCAP was made for all the patients on histopathology. We are presenting five cases which were misdiagnosed clinically due to the unusual location and varied presentation to emphasise the importance of histopathology in diagnosing SCAP arising de novo, which was clinically misdiagnosed. Also, we present this case series to alert the clinicians about the likelihood of SCAP on unusual locations with varied clinical presentation.
Estimation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titre among blood donors in Ranchi
Authors: Kumari Sushma , Saroj Usha , Verma Ashwini , Kumar Abhay
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory failure requiring intensive care support. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are developed either by natural infection from SARS-CoV-2 or by vaccination against COVID-19. The persistence of IgG antibodies allows identification of the people who have been infected in the past, recovered from illness, and possibly become immune. 7 IgG detection and other serological assays will play an important role in research and surveillance.

Aims and Objective:

The objective of the study is to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titre among blood donors and to assess the decreasing incidence of COVID-19 in the department of blood bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:

An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of blood bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand over a period of 2 months and 14 days from 06 February 2021 to 20 April 2021 who donated at least one unit of blood.

Results:

This study recorded a greater number of male donors with B+ blood group. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 titre were mostly young adults between 18 and 31 years of age.

Conclusion:

Seroprevalence was high in males having blood group B+ between 18 and 32 years of age.
Rheumatoid or tubercular: Flexor tenosynovitis of the wrist with rice bodies
Authors: Tiwari Punit , Kaur Harmeet , Bansal Nitish , Jaura Sandeep Singh
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Rice bodies are formed mainly in tenosynovitis and bursitis of rheumatoid or tubercular origin. It rarely presents with compressive ulnar neuropathy. A 35-year-old female presented with painful swelling in the volar aspect of the left wrist and incomplete flexion of the little finger. The laboratory tests revealed ESR 10 mm/1st hr and C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide tests were negative. Thickened and distended ulnar bursa with rice bodies was seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thorough drainage, debridement, and synovectomy were done. Epithelioid cell granulomas with multinucleated giant cells on microscopy and the strongly positive Mantoux test prompted us to start anti-tubercular treatment. The wound healed uneventfully with good recovery of range of motion of the little finger at one-year follow up. Rice bodies can be a diagnostic dilemma in the absence of classical signs of their rheumatoid or tubercular origin.
A retrospective study to find the prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection in the prison inmates
Authors: Singh Gur Parkash , Lata Sneh , Swu Anato K. , Virk Navdeep Singh , Singh Jasjeet , Thakkar Suneer
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

People who inject drugs are vastly over-represented, often accounting for 50% of prison inmates, so, the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) is a serious problem in many prison systems. The prevalence of HCV infection is so disproportionately high in the correctional population that one in four detainees worldwide is living with HCV and the story is similar for HIV.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection in the prison inmates.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 1569 jail inmates was assessed, after obtaining formal approval from the ethical committee for assessment of the medical record of subjects, to know sero-positivity for HIV and HCV. The data generated is then analysed.

Results:

The results show a very high point prevalence of HIV (10.0%) and HCV (31.6%) in the jail inmates, which is 40 and 30 times higher, respectively, as compared to the national average. A staggering 8.5% of the inmates were found to be positive for both viruses. The sero-prevalence for mono-infection for HCV (23.1%) is found to be significantly higher compared to HIV (1.5%). The infection rate of HCV was found to be three times higher compared to HIV.

Conclusions:

Substantially high prevalence of HIV, HCV and dual HIV-HCV infection exists in the prison inmates. Data suggests high virulence for HCV compared to HIV, as both viruses have common routes of transmission. There is an urgent need to keep a constant check on the intravenous drug usage (IDU) in the prisons that is linked to the common transmission of both these blood-borne viruses.
Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review
Authors: Serhan Hashem Abu , Alma’aitah Huthaifa W , Irshaidat Sara , Ameer Muhammad Atif , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Tahir Muhammad Junaid
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Balanced nutrition is crucial for a healthy eye and vision. Many nutritional deficiencies can result in vision impairment. This article reviews the ocular manifestations of vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin A, vitamin B1 and B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and minerals such as zinc. It discusses different ophthalmic symptoms and signs, including dry eye disease, corneal xerosis, decreased night vision, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and retinal changes similar to retinitis pigmentosa. We strongly recommend using multi-vitamin supplements for treating many diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among first year medical students after COVID-19 lockdown: A cross sectional study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Deb Novonil , Roy Poulami
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

1. To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on Internet addiction on first year medical students. 2. To evaluate the associations, if any, between internet addiction, anxiety, depression and stress.

Methods:

Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among medical students across West Bengal have been studied using Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A web-based questionnaire was made and circulated via different social media platforms. All interested candidates who gave consent were included in the study. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 25.0.

Results:

The study population consisted of 37.2% of males and 63.8% of females. 80.23% of the participants showed moderate levels of internet addiction. Strong positive correlation was found between anxiety and stress (r = 0.83, P < 0.05), depression and anxiety (r = 0.92, P < 0.05) and between depression and stress (r = 0.86, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The unprecedented ramifications of lockdown are incessant, with internet addiction, magnification in depression, anxiety and stress to name a few. Internet addiction coupled with psychological disorders still remains a matter of concern for medical students.
Antenatal anxiety and depression: Frequency and correlates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Marium , Amin Faridah , Taj Aisha , Durrani Noureen
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:

Mental health ailments like anxiety and depression are common during the antenatal period. Uncertainty during COVID-19 pandemic has markedly increased its prevalence in the general population. Pregnancy, being emotionally and physically exhausting, makes mothers more susceptible to developing mental disorders like anxiety and depression.

Aims:

To investigate prevalence and associated risk factors of antenatal anxiety and depression among women in Karachi, Pakistan.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology during May 2020 till May 2021.

Methods and Material:

The study explored anxiety, depression, and associated factors in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary care hospital located in Karachi, Pakistan, during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) as a screening tool. Statistical Analysis: Data was entered in SPSS version 21 for statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 390 patients were enrolled in the study with mean age of 28.06 ± 4.52 years. Mean week of pregnancy at the time of enrolment into the study was 32.7 ± 3.1. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was 46.7% and 33.1%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, polyhydramnios was a risk factor of anxiety, whereas low income and unplanned pregnancy were substantially linked to depression. Fear of visiting doctor was a common risk factor for both anxiety and depression.

Conclusion:

In a catastrophe like the COVID-19 pandemic, attempts to address heightened anxiety during antenatal visits will undoubtedly benefit maternal and fetal mental health. As a response, strategies to manage high anxiety symptoms should be taken into consideration.
Voluminous craniopharyngioma evolving since childhood revealed by a torticollis
Authors: Damoune Ikram , Fatima Akioud , Ajdi Farida
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

In case of a torticollis or a stature-weight growth delay in a child, it is always necessary to eliminate a cerebral tumor in the first place, especially a craniopharyngioma. We report the case of a 22-year-old patient with a large craniopharyngioma probably evolving since childhood and revealed by a torticollis associated with decreased visual acuity and a delayed growth and puberty.
Liver Function Test Abnormalities: Do They Correlate with Severity in Dengue Infection? An Indian Perspective
Authors: Ravilla Sreegeetha , Padmaprakash K. V. , Arun N. , Kanth Ravi
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Involvement of the liver is frequently reported among patients with dengue infection, and liver enzymes are commonly deranged in dengue infection. Raised levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in dengue infection were linked to worse outcomes. The present study was an attempt to study the liver function test abnormalities in dengue fever (DF) and its correlation with the severity of the disease.

Methods:

The present study was undertaken as a hospital-based retrospective study of DF patients in the age group of 15–60 years. Five hundred and thirty patients who met the eligibility criteria and were admitted to the study hospital during the duration of data collection period (July 2018 to July 2021), comprised the study sample. Differences in means were tested using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. The difference in proportions was tested using the Chi-square test.

Results:

Majority of the patients were males (73.4%) with a mean of 30.3 ± 9.7 years. A significant association was observed between clinical features of jaundice, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, effusion, bleeding, organ failure, and severe forms of DF. There was a significant positive correlation between aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, and serum bilirubin values among patients with severe forms of DF.

Conclusion:

Significant proportions of patients with DF without warning signs and severe DF had deranged liver function parameters. A statistically significant association was observed between liver function parameters and the severity of dengue disease.
Towards Linguistic Fuzzy Topological Spaces Based on Hedge Algebra
Authors: Han Nguyen Van , Vinh Phan Cong
Published: November 2022

This paper studies on linguistic language which is generated from Hedge algebra. We indicate that the language satisfies properties of topology. Both linguistic topology and topological spaces are also studied in the paper.
Phase Impairment Estimation for mmWave MIMO Systems with Low Resolutions ADC and Imperfect CSI
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Dinh , Truong Kien
Published: November 2022

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems operating at millimeter wave band (mmWave MIMO) are a promising technology next generations of mobile networks. In practice, the non-ideal hardware is a challenge for commercially viable mmWave MIMO transceivers and come from non-linearities of the amplifier, phase noise, quantization errors, mutual coupling between antenna ports, and In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. As a result, the received signals are affected by non-ideal transceiver hardware components, thus reduce the performance of such systems, especially phase impairment caused by phase noise and carrier frequency offset (CFO). In this paper, we consider a mmWave MIMO system model that takes into account many practical hardware impairments and imperfect channel state information (CSI). Our main contributions are a problem formulation of phase impairments with imperfect CSI and a low-complexity estimation method to solve the problem. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Smokeless tobacco consumption and its association with tobacco control factors in the Western Pacific Region: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2015-2019
Authors: Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T. , Manoharan Anusha
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and its associations with tobacco control factors among school-going youth in 18 Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries.METHODS: We analyzed school-based Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2014-2019) microdata from 18 WPR countries and estimated weighted prevalence rates of ST consumption, cigarette smoking, and dual use. We used multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the associations of ST consumption and dual use with demographic variables, exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER indicators.RESULTS: Data from 58,263 school-going youth were analyzed. The prevalence of past 30-day ST consumption was highest in Kiribati (42.1%), the Marshall Islands (26.1%), Micronesia (21.3%), Palau (16.0%), and Papua New Guinea (15.2%). In adjusted multilevel models, ST consumption and dual use were significantly associated with sex, age, parental smoking, pro-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER score. For each unit increase in score for cessation programs, we observed approximately 1.4-fold increases in the odds of youth ST consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.66) and dual use (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.86). Similarly, for each unit increase in score for health-related warnings, the odds of both ST consumption (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.53) and dual use (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.42) decreased by approximately 60%.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of youth ST consumption was substantial in the Pacific Islands, exceeding that of cigarette smoking in some countries. Implementing MPOWER measures for ST products could help reduce ST consumption.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on the 2022 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award
Authors: Rose Elizabeth L. , Newburry William
Published: November 2022

Since 2013, AIB Insights has dedicated an issue to the finalists for the AIB’s prestigious Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award. We are proud to feature the 10th such issue, with articles by the 2022 award finalists – and we hope that you will enjoy reading about key insights from their outstanding dissertation research as much as we have.
Risk Communication Model in Facing Tsunami Disaster Through Stakeholder Engagement
Authors: Nuriman Dian Agustine , Lestari Puji , Irwanti Marlinda , Sigit Ridzki
Published: November 2022

Umang Beach Club Private Island Resort is located in Sumur village, Pandeglang district, Banten. It has a very unique location, located at two sources of potential tsunamis. The first is Seismic, which is at the center of the megathrust of the Sunda Strait. The second, namely Unsesmic, is located at a distance of about 70km from Mount Anak Krakatu. This study aims to find a risk communication model in dealing with tsunami natural disasters through stakeholder engagement. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and data collection by interview, documentation and observation. Interviews were conducted with Umang Beach Club Private Island Resort, local government and disaster-related institutions, Sumur village communities, disaster communities as well as tsunami and risk management experts. The results of the study found a risk communication model in dealing with tsunami natural disasters through stakeholder engagement. Risk communication needs to be carried out in a systematic and planned manner and integrated with all stakeholders involved with disasters to reduce disaster risk.