bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de una intervención educativa sobre conocimientos de Echinococcus granulosus en una escuela rural de nivel primario del Departamento de Junín - Perú.
Authors: Rojas Abel , León Daphne , Diestra Norma
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre los conocimientos de Equinococosis Quística Humana (EQH) en una escuela rural del nivel primario en Junín - Perú. El estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental se inició con la capacitación de docentes en temas relacionados a EQH, además de una capacitación en elaboración de sesiones de aprendizaje. La intervención educativa se realizó el segundo bimestre educativo del año 2019. Se realizaron tres evaluaciones durante el estudio, al inicio (pre test), al final del bimestre (post test 1) y cuatro semanas después del anterior (post test 2). Los estudiantes de primero a tercer grado fueron evaluados con un instrumento de 5 preguntas y los de cuarto a sexto grado con uno de 10 preguntas. Las notas fueron resumidas mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. La diferencia entre las notas de los test fue evaluada con la prueba de Análisis de Varianza por Rangos de Friedman y la prueba de Rango Signado de Wilcoxon. Los puntajes obtenidos en los diferentes test reportaron efectos positivos de la intervención en los estudiantes de segundo a sexto grado. Solo se encontró diferencia en el puntaje del post test 1 y 2 en estudiantes del tercer grado, siendo menor en el post test 2. Sin embargo, la evaluación del rendimiento global del grado varió para el post test 2 mostrando que la retención de los conocimientos se afectó por el grado de estudio. Se concluye que la aplicación de sesiones de aprendizaje de EQH fue eficiente, pero requieren de refuerzos para perpetuar los conocimientos en el tiempo.
Assessment of downy mildew in grapevine using computer vision and fuzzy logic. Development and validation of a new method
Authors: Hernández Inés , Gutiérrez Salvador , Ceballos Sara , Palacios Fernando , Toffolatti Silvia Laura , Maddalena Giuliana , Diago María Paz , Tardaguila Javier
Published: July 2022

Downy mildew is a major disease of grapevine. Conventional methods for assessing crop diseases are time-consuming and require trained personnel. This work aimed to develop and validate a new method to automatically estimate the severity of downy mildew in grapevine leaves using fuzzy logic and computer vision techniques. Leaf discs of two grapevine varieties were inoculated with Plasmopara viticola and subsequently, RGB images were acquired under indoor conditions. Computer vision techniques were applied for leaf disc location in Petri dishes, image pre-processing and segmentation of pre-processed disc images to separate the pixels representing downy mildew sporulation from the rest of the leaf. Fuzzy logic was applied to improve the segmentation of disc images, rating pixels with a degree of infection according to the intensity of sporulation. To validate the new method, the downy mildew severity was visually evaluated by eleven experts and averaged score was used as the reference value. A coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.87 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 7.61 % was observed between the downy mildew severity obtained by the new method and the visual assessment values. Classification of the severity of the infection into three levels was also attempted, achieving an accuracy of 86 % and an F1 score of 0.78. These results indicate that computer vision and fuzzy logic can be used to automatically estimate the severity of downy mildew in grapevine leaves. A new method has been developed and validated to assess the severity of downy mildew in grapevine. The new method can be adapted to assess the severity of other diseases and crops in agriculture.
Evolución del nivel de autoeficacia académica percibida en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos del medio rural
Authors: Hernandez Jacquez Luis Fernando
Published: July 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de evolución de la autoeficacia académica percibida durante los tres primeros semestres de estudio en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios del medio rural en México y en caso de existir, determinar la medida del efecto (semestre cursado) sobre dicha autoeficacia. La investigación se desarrolló bajo la metodología cuantitativa, de diseño no experimental y longitudinal, aplicando un instrumento tipo cuestionario con escalamiento Likert (.91 en alfa de Cronbach) a 55 estudiantes durante los primeros tres semestres de sus estudios. Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de autoeficacia académica mostró un comportamiento creciente conforme los estudiantes avanzaron semestralmente, ya que en el primer semestre se sitúo en un nivel medio mientras que en el segundo y tercero un nivel alto, siendo más alto en éste último. La medida del efecto del semestre cursado sobre la autoeficacia es grande (1.497 en el estadístico d de Cohen). Se concluye que los estudiantes comenzaron sus estudios con ciertas creencias sobre sus capacidades para llevar a cabo las actividades académicas y que al término del tercer semestre, dichas creencias fueron más altas.
Programa Escola da Terra no Paraná: uma referência na política de formação continuada de professores no Paraná
Authors: Hammel Ana Cristina , Gehrke Marcos
Published: July 2022

Este texto trata do Programa Escola da Terra, política pública de formação continuada de professores das escolas do campo, vinculado ao Programa Nacional de Educação do Campo, do Ministério da Educação (MEC), apresentando a experiência desenvolvida no estado do Paraná, realizada pelas universidades públicas. Faz uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise documental, dos projetos, publicações e relatórios já desenvolvidos. O trabalho é mediado pela análise de conjuntura, destaca a necessidade da formação continuada de professores, demarca características e princípios do que vem a ser uma Escola da Terra e revela significativos retrocessos nos investimentos públicos do Programa.
Palavras-chave: escola da terra, formação continuada de professores, extensão universitária.
 
Escola da Terra Program in Paraná: a reference of university extension in the policy of continuing education of teachers
ABSTRACT. This text deals with the School to Land Programme, a public policy for the continuing teachers education in rural schools, linked to the National Program of Rural Education, of the Ministry of Education (MEC), presenting the experience developed in the State of Parana since the university extension carried out by public universities. It makes use of bibliographical research and document analysis, from the projects, reports and publication already developed, work mediated by conjuncture analysis. It highlights the need for continuing teachers education, demarcates characteristics and principles of what is an Earth School and reveals significant setbacks in public investments in the program.
Keywords: school to land programme, continuing teacher education, university extension.
 
Programa Escuela de la Tierra en Paraná: una referencia en la política de formación permanente de los docentes
RESUMEN. Este texto trata sobre el Programa Escuela de la Tierra, una política pública para la formación permanente de docentes en escuelas rurales, vinculada al Programa Nacional de Educación Rural, del Ministerio de Educación (MEC), presentando la experiencia desarrollada en el estado de Paraná, llevada por las universidades públicas. Hace uso de investigaciones bibliográficas y análisis documentales, proyectos, publicaciones e informes ya desarrollados. El trabajo mediado por el análisis de coyuntura, destaca la necesidad de formación continua de los docentes, esboza las características y principios de lo que constituye una Escuela da Terra y revela importantes retrocesos en las inversiones públicas en el Programa.
Palabras clave: escuela de la tierra, formación permanente del profesorado, extensión universitaria.
Editorial - Dossiê Escola da Terra
Authors: Pimenta Alessandro , Cover Maciel , Jesus Sidinei Esteves de Oliveira de
Published: July 2022

Desde que os movimentos sociais e a sociedade civil organizada compreenderam que tão importante quanto o acesso à terra, à posse, escrituras e políticas de produção, era necessário pensar em formas de Educação específicas para os povos do campo, das florestas e das águas, este tema se tornou recorrente, então, primaz. Mesmo já encontrados em artigos da LDB aspectos que apontam para uma educação diferenciada para os povos do campo, os termos arcaicos ainda permanecem neste substrato legal, a saber “rural”. Por isso, não somente o urbano se opõe à Educação do Campo, mas a Educação rural, com sua tradição urbanesca e, igualmente, vinculada ao latifúndio. Se em 2001, encontram-se publicadas Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação Básica do Campo. É importante salientar que o termo “Campo” começa a ter espaço em documentos oficiais e isso avança na materialização em 2006 da chamada SECAD, com uma coordenação específica para Educação do Campo. Tais ganhos nos fiz dos anos 2000, já com a SECAD, cuja última variação de nomenclatura foi SECADI, à época, materializou o Procampo, que ainda permanecia como um programa de formação inicial, mas que contribuiu fundamentalmente para que, em 2012, fosse possível o edital de cursos de Educação do Campo de modo efetivo nas universidades que enviaram projetos e objetiveram aprovação. Não se pode deixar de notar, claro, as experiências do Pronera, em diversas frentes, mas o MEC ganha visibilidade e assume responsabilidades, pois tratar da Educação do Campo na Educação Básica, tendo um lugar é fundamental.
Digital Cultures: dialogues and reflections for teacher education
Authors: Santos Sandra Virginia Correa de Andrade , Silva Camila Gomes Santos da , Carvalho Tainah dos Santos
Published: July 2022

This study aims to reflect on digital cultures and their implications for thinking about teacher education in a contemporary world marked by the digital network. From this objective, we have a bibliographical research that, in its weaving, brings understandings about the processes carried out by social actors who, through their daily practices with digital technologies, constitute multiple cultures. As a result, this work helps us to think about contemporary culture in a plural perspective, in view of the understanding that social actors attribute to the artifacts their own meanings in the means of use and appropriation, marking an immersion of creation and authorship that, in the educational context, has provoked us to institute teacher training that welcomes other know-how with the digital.
Development of Computer Based Test Which is Integrated with Bengkulu Local Wisdom to Measure The Scientific Literacy Skills of Junior High School Students
Authors: Nauratun Nazhifah  , Pasaribu Abidin , Ketang Wiyono
Published: July 2022

.
The Role of Visual Representation for High School Physics in Teaching of Classical Mechanics
Authors: Lamanepa Godelfridus Hadung , Maing Claudia M.M , Mukin Maria Ursula Jawa , Naen Alfons Bunga
Published: July 2022

This study aims to highlight the importance of visual representation skills in classroom practice, especially in classical mechanics physics, by discussing (1) free-body diagram representation, (2) resultant force system, (3) types and directions of quantities, (4) representation of results and units. This research was conducted on 30 students in second grade at Beringin Kupang High School. The research method was carried out experimentally using a special image representation test tool for classical mechanical materials. The research data were analyzed by descriptive method. The results showed that (1) more than 50% of students did not draw FBD before solving the problem, (2) the success rate of students in representing the resultant force system was the highest at 33%, (3) determining the type and direction of motion the success rate was 67%, and (4) representation results and units with a success rate of 40%. The results of this study become a reference for increasing the role of visual representation in learning physics.
The Development Research: Assessment Instruments Science Literacy Based on Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) Level 4th Solar System Concepts
Authors: Salamah Alfi , Prastowo TjiptoTjipto , Hariyono Eko
Published: July 2022

.
Development of Audio-Visual Physics Animation Media to Improve Students’ Understanding of Concepts and Creativity
Authors: Sari Fita Permata , Subroto Salamun Hadi , Haroky Faruq
Published: July 2022

Increasing technology in this modern era of globalization can be applied to the world of education as a facility to facilitate the learning process delivered. Applying technology can help to learn that are hampered by distance can be overcome by distance learning. Distance learning has not yet become a part of most schools in Indonesia, especially elementary schools. So, there is a need for further research to produce audio-visual animation media so that it can help to learn for elementary school students. This type of research is an educational R&D development research (Educational Research and Development) referring to the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The type of data used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative data. Techniques for data collection are using questionnaires and questions. This shows no difference between using audio-visual animation learning media for science-themed to permanently save energy and other media provided by educators in schools to improve students’ conceptual understanding and creativity.
Host Perspectives of High-Income Country Orthopaedic Resident Rotations in Low and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Roberts Heather J. , Coss Nathan , Urva Mayur , Haonga Billy , Woolley Pierre-Marie , Banskota Bibek , Morshed Saam , Shearer David W. , Sabharwal Sanjeev
Published: July 2022

Background:

International orthopaedic resident rotations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are gaining popularity among high-income country (HIC) residency programs. While evidence demonstrates a benefit for the visiting residents, few studies have evaluated the impact of such rotations on the orthopaedic surgeons and trainees in LMICs. The purpose of this study was to further explore themes identified in a previous survey study regarding the local impact of visiting HIC resident rotations.

Methods:

Using a semistructured interview guide, LMIC surgeons and trainees who had hosted HIC orthopaedic residents within the previous 10 years were interviewed until thematic saturation was reached.

Results:

Twenty attending and resident orthopaedic surgeons from 8 LMICs were interviewed. Positive and negative effects of the visiting residents on clinical care, education, interpersonal relationships, and resource availability were identified. Seven recommendations for visiting resident rotations were highlighted, including a 1 to 2-month rotation length; visiting residents at the senior training level; site-specific prerotation orientation with an emphasis on resident attitudes, including the need for humility; creation of bidirectional opportunities; partnering with institutions with local training programs; and fostering mutually beneficial sustained relationships.

Conclusions:

This study explores the perspectives of those who host visiting residents, a viewpoint that is underrepresented in the literature. Future research regarding HIC orthopaedic resident rotations in LMICs should include the perspectives of local surgeons and trainees to strive for mutually beneficial experiences to further strengthen and sustain such academic partnerships.
Teacher Preparation in Zambia’s Expanded Core Curriculum: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Simalalo Magdalene , Gasa Velisiwe G. , Muzata Kenneth K.
Published: July 2022

Well-prepared teachers are a determinant in the successful implementation of expanded core curriculum. Teachers can give learners skills according to the way they are prepared. Learners with visual impairments in special schools and students at tertiary level manifest deficits in critical skills required in academic success and transition in general. The nature of education of their teachers and challenges encountered during teacher preparation were not well established. The present study explored challenges faced in the preparation of teachers of learners with visual impairments in expanded core curriculum. Purposive sampling was used to select twenty-two teachers, two special education curriculum specialists and three Teacher educators. Open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers of learners with visual impairments and semi structured interviews were conducted with teacher educators and curriculum specialists. The findings indicated that teacher education/preparation in ECC was insufficient, and the institutions concentrated on braille literacy; and orientation and mobility. The remaining skills in ECC were ignored. Preparation incorporated few practical sessions and was highly theoretical. The major challenges among others were time constraints; insufficient resources in education; enrolments of student teachers; discrepancy between education and implementation; methodological issues. The opportunities were available to improve education were: employ more staff; embark on specialised education; advocacy and collaboration: offering continuous professional development for teachers. The study highlights the nature of preparation of teachers of learners with visual impairment. The teacher education institutions need to realign the curriculum through collaborative approach with other stakeholders so that teachers can effectively deliver skills to the learners.
Improvement of corrosion resistance of internal surfaces in power-generating equipment
Authors: Gerasimova N. P. , Koval T. V.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the possibility of using induction currents for improving the reliability of thermal power plants by increasing the corrosion resistance of internal surfaces of power-generating equipment, such as heating surfaces of boiler units. Corrosion resistance can be enhanced by improving the strength of an oxide film formed during passivation (oxidation). In this work, the oxide film strength was increased by electrochemical passivation of metal surfaces with induction currents. Using the method of multidimensional mathematical modeling of multi-parametric and multi-functional processes, we established that, for a continuous-loop economizer of a steam boiler comprising steel pipes with an inner diameter of 32 mm (24 coils operated simultaneously), an aqueous oxidant (oxygen) solution should be passed through the entire system of pipes for 4 h at an alternating current of 25 A. Under this treatment, oxygen should be added into the aqueous solution at a temperature of 130–450°C, an oxygen concentration of 1 g/kg, and a water flow rate of 0.5–5.0 m/s. Treatment intervals should be determined depending on the operating conditions of the equipment: reset, shutdown, or preservation. The efficiency of the method depends on the electric current passed over metal surface, treatment duration, oxidant concentration, as well as the type and size of the treated metal surface. The proposed passivation method can be used in both drum boilers and single-pass boilers. For example, it is recommended that passivation of water walls be carried out during boiler warm-up operation at 30–40% of boiler load, as well as passivation of superheat surfaces of boiler units and economizers. Therefore, the use of electrochemical passivation can increase the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces of power-generating equipment at thermal power plants.
Impact assessment of emissions from energy facilities on the Baikal natural area
Authors: Kuzmin V. R. , Zarodnyuk M. S. , Massel L. V.
Published: July 2022

This work aims to establish a technology for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the impact of energy facilities on the environment. The proposed strategy combines regulatory methods for calculating pollutant emissions and dispersion, as well as the laboratory findings on pollutant content in snow samples. To assist the technology, a scientific prototype of an intelligent decision-making support system known as WIAIS (Web-oriented Impact Assessment Information System) was developed. The proposed technology includes three principal stages: calculating the quantitative indicators of pollutant emissions, calculating the pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere, examining snow samples for the pollutant content and comparing them with the obtained results. For practical evaluation of the proposed technology, a computational experiment was performed, which assessed the impact of emissions from the boiler plants located in the Baikal natural area and powered by different types of coal. The testing was performed using the data on 48 boiler plants of various installed capacities having different equipment and located all over the Baikal nature area. Data on the main pollutants emitted by energy facilities (sulfates, nitrogen oxides, solids) were obtained. Quantitative indicators of pollutant emissions were established; thus, the total volume of pollutants amounts to 18.33 thousand tons/year. Furthermore, the largest sources of pollutants were identified, including boiler plants in Slyudyanka, Elantsy settlement, Severobaikalsk, and Nizhneangarsk settlement. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be used for environmental assessments of the existing power plants, as well as for designing new power facilities and developing recommendations for reducing pollutant emissions.
Comparative analysis of soil pollution oil products of industrial and landscape-recreational zones of the city of Usolye-Sibirskoe using the fluorimetry method
Authors: Maksimova M. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work is to compare soil pollution with oil products on the territory of industrial and landscape-recreational zones of the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye using the fluorometry method. The content of oil products in the samples of the four upper layers of soils taken from the production area of the chemically contaminated city of Usolye-Sibirskoye and from its landscape and recreational zone was determined. Although the maximum permissible concentration of oil products in the soils of these zones has not been established, it is known that the mass fraction of oil products in uncontaminated soils should not exceed 0.1%. The obtained results of fluorimetric analysis of soils from two practically diametrically opposite areas of the city in terms of pollution made us think and conduct a deeper analysis, taking into account the wind rose of the city and adjacent territories and the sufficiency of the fluorimetry method performed using the Fluorat-0.2 luminescent photometric analyzer. Using the results of the analysis of soil samples from the territories of "Usolekhim-prom" and "Ski base" in Usolye-Sibirskoye, it was revealed that the mass fractions of oil products exceed the indicators for all four upper soil layers in the case of focusing on the principles of rationing, which today are not legally established. The results of the study showed that the highest content of oil products in both cases is in the layer of forest litter. Based on the fact that the activities of Usolekhimprom have been completely stopped since 2017, and pollution with oil products exceeding the approximate standard values was found only in the uppermost layer of the soil, it was suggested that the main cause of soil pollution with oil products in the territory of the city of Usolye - Sibirskoye is, basically, the current largest enterprise in Eastern Siberia for the production of petroleum products and petrochemistry - JSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, and this is annually confirmed by statistics.
Evaluation of labor conditions for medical workers during the pandemic
Authors: Bodienkova G. M. , Dyrenov V. A.
Published: July 2022

The paper analyzes the labor conditions for medical workers (using the example of a medical institution in Irkutsk) during the COVID-19 pandemic which increased the workload on medical personnel and the number of contacts with infected patients. An extremely high work load, a round-the-clock work regime with mandatory duty calls intensified the body activity of medical workers. Professional overstrain caused neurosis in doctors, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract. Constant neuro-emotional stress was caused by a high level of responsibility for own results. For full-fledged work, medical workers need positive motives, vivid emotions, and rest which are difficult to combine, especially during the pandemic. Such working conditions contribute to the development of the burnout syndrome and anxiety disorders. The measured aimed to create less harmful working conditions are described.
A study of the fire risk value in transporting and storing petroleum products at a tank depot
Authors: Rozhkov D. M. , Sedov D. V. , Belyak A. L.
Published: July 2022

The goal is to determine the individual fire risk at the stages of transportation and storage of petroleum products on the example of a typical oil depot in Irkutsk region and to develop measures aimed to reduce the likelihood of leakage of petroleum products and limit the impact of fire and explosion hazards. The research objects are probabilities of adverse fire-related events (the block diagram method was used) and individual fire risks (the regulatory methods were used). Using the event tree method and taking into account the standards requirements, the probability of accident development scenarios was calculated. Consequences of fire-related emergencies were predicted. The calculated distributions of individual fire-related risks at oil products storage facilities made it possible to identify areas of maximum danger for the personnel. The dangers when unloading railway tanks, storing petroleum products in tanks RVS-2000 and filling automobile tanks were investigated. The parameters of negative events were calculated following possible emergency scenarios for the personnel. The distribution of damage probabilities caused by dangerous fire and explosion-related factors at the production site for the most probable emergency scenarios than can develop at railway tanks on a railway overpass, a group of tanks RVS-2000 and automobile tanks was studied. The fire risk value was calculated at each point of the tank farm. Measures aimed to reduce the risk to the personnel in hazardous areas were suggested.
Study of skeletal changes in individuals with anterior open bite treated with JFO
Authors: Teixeira Costa Everaldo , Piramo Moreira Santiago Ieda , Santiago Júnior Orlando
Published: July 2022

Anterior Open Bite (AOB) is a type of malocclusion that promotes severe esthetic aesthetic and functional impairment. Its etiology is multifactorial and may involve several etiological factors, such as deleterious oral habits, hypertrophic tonsils, mouth breathing, dental ankylosis and eruption abnormalities either associated with genetic factors or not. AOB is one of the most challenging treatments in any treatment protocol. A retrospective study of 21 patients with anterior open bite treated with Jaw Functional Orthopedics (JFO) with improvement in overbite was conducted with the aim of understanding mandibular behavior during the treatment. Using SPSS 11.0, using Shapiro-Wilk test all variables showed Normal distribution (p> 0.05), in the comparison between the means at T0 and T1, the t-test for paired samples was used. In order to verify whether cooperative patients had better results than the non-cooperative group, a variable was created. For all tests, a significance level of 5 % was used. A weak statistical correlation (P< 0,1) was found for Bimler’s Factor 8. Change resulted from AOB treatment with FOA in a short time. There was no statistical correlation of Bimler’s Factor 8 when cooperative patients were compared with the non-cooperative group. It could be concluded that in the studied sample there was a weak correlation between overbite improvement during AOB treatment with JFO and mandibular rotation. Further studies are necessary to understand the skeletal behavior of the maxillary bones in the treatment of AOB with FOA.
Characteristic and mechanism analysis of sludge polymer by adding carboxymethyl cellulose-g-acrylic acid for sludge utilization
Authors: Chang Zhankun , Su Bingqin , Zhang Chi , Wang Jian , Quan Xiaohui
Published: July 2022

Herein, a nutrient water retention agent is prepared by fully mixing sludge with carboxymethyl cellulose-g-acrylic acid (CMC-g-AA) gel and nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using polymer modifying curing technology. Experimental results show that when CMC:AA = 1:12 and CMC-g-AA gel content is 50%, sludge polymer has better water absorption and retention performance and the water retention time is extended for ∼14 days. At the same time, sludge polymer can preserve the characteristics of nutrient-rich elements and organic matter and promote plant growth. The addition of nZVI has a significant impact on reducing the risk of heavy metal toxic leaching in sludge. Moreover, analysis of variance and multiple comparisons shows that sludge polymer's particle size and water absorption times have significant effects on the water absorption and retention properties of sludge polymer. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses show that the addition of an appropriate amount of gel could increase the number of hydrophilic groups and hydrophilic mineral components in sludge polymer, increase its overall porosity and improve its water absorption and retention properties.
O processo de formulação e formação de estratégias em microempresas do comércio varejista de confecções e calçados no município de Rondon do Pará
Authors: Machado Rogério Ruas , Lima Mairli Souza , Fortes Gustavo Passos , Siani Sérgio Ricardo
Published: July 2022

A estratégia é um recurso presente em qualquer organização, independentemente do porte dela, podendo ser concebida de maneira emergente (formada), dadas as modificações do ambiente e as adaptações que a empresa faz, ou de maneira deliberada (formuladas), por meio do planejamento formalizado, documentado e de longo prazo. Desse modo, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar como ocorre o processo de criação de estratégias em microempresas do comércio varejista de confecções e calçados no município de Rondon do Pará, com base nos conceitos de estratégia emergente e deliberada. Para tanto, recorreu-se à percepção de cinco gestores de microempresas com o intuito de analisar como a problemática se desenvolvia nas empresas. É um estudo de cunho descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, e que envolve múltiplos casos. As unidades casos englobam cinco microempresas do comércio varejista de confecções e calçados que estão no mercado com tempo superior a três anos. Para a coleta dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores e uma análise documental das unidades casos. Primeiramente, foi feita a descrição das empresas, e em seguida, análises das falas dos entrevistados, relacionando-as com as contribuições teóricas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os empreendedores possuem um perfil descritivo-reativo, segundo as escolas do pensamento estratégico; que não há planejamento formal das atividades e, por consequência, não há planejamento estratégico; e, por fim, que as empresas concebem suas estratégias de maneira emergente, com um pouco de liberalismo, seguindo a intuição do gestor, e com falta de controle no próprio desempenho.
Las empresas del sector calzado. Camino a la eficiencia
Authors: Ruiz Mery Esperanza , Mayorga César Medardo , Álvarez Elsy Marcela , Almendáriz Diana Estefanía
Published: July 2022

La manufactura juega un papel importante, ya que es uno de los sectores que más aporta al Producto Interno Bruto y que genera más plazas de empleo. Por ese motivo se realiza la presente investigación, ya que se analiza la relación entre la eficiencia técnica y los factores de producción de las empresas manufactureras del sector calzado de la provincia de Tungurahua en el período 2013-2018. Para ello se consideraron los estados financieros obtenidos del portal web de la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros, con el fin de determinar la eficiencia técnica de las empresas. El análisis de la Eficiencia técnica determinó que el 26 % de las empresas son totalmente eficientes y el 74% son ineficientes. Se realizó un análisis econométrico con efectos aleatorios que evidenció que la variable activos fijos e índice de urbanización son inversamente proporcionales con una confiabilidad del 95% y gastos laborales directamente proporcional con un nivel de confianza del 99%.
Management control attributes and the organizational performance
Authors: Ogor MORKA , Fidelia IGEMOHIA
Published: July 2022

This qualitative review is on management control attributes and organisational performance; the study tried to determine how much financial control, budget control and marketing control affect organisational performance. Theoretical foundations were established, and extant literature drew to uphold or invalidate these positions. Qualitative literature established a significant relationship between the objectives and corporate performance values. Recommendations and conclusions were drawn accordingly from the ranks set.
The influence of female leadership on the cash holdings of listed companies in Vietnam
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, School of Economics, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam, et al. Le
Published: July 2022

This study examines the relationship between female leadership factors and the cash holdings of Vietnamese companies. The random effects regression model (REM) is used with panel data from the financial statements of 174 companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2020. Besides control variables, factors related to female leadership including the female CEO, the percentage of women on the board of executives, the female chairman, the percentage of women on the board of directors, and duality are included in the research model with the expectation of having a positive effect on cash holdings. The estimation results show that companies with female executives hold more cash and maintain lower levels of financial leverage than companies with male executives. Female executives will increase profitability and reduce the risk to the company. The influence level of the female on the Board of Directors on the company's cash holdings depends on the characteristics of each company. Besides, the results also show that net working capital, cash flow, ROA, and dividend payment have a positive correlation with the cash holdings of the company. Listed companies should pay attention to two factors: the proportion of women on the Board of Directors and female executives in order to diversify gender in the leadership and improve the ability to decide on financial strategies.
The Impact of Digital Health Transformation Driven by COVID-19 on Nursing Practice: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abdolkhani Robab , Petersen Sacha , Walter Ruby , Zhao Lin , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Livesay Karen
Published: July 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake of digital health innovations due to the availability of various technologies and the urgent health care need for treatment and prevention. Although numerous studies have investigated digital health adoption and the associated challenges and strategies during the pandemic, there is a lack of evidence on the impact on the nursing workforce.

Objective

This study aims to identify the impact of digital health transformation driven by COVID-19 on nurses.

Methods

The online software Covidence was used to follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Relevant scientific health and computing databases were searched for papers published from January 2020 to November 2021. Using the 8D sociotechnical approach for digital health in health care systems, the papers were analyzed to identify gaps in applying digital health in nursing practice.

Results

In total, 21 papers were selected for content analysis. The analysis identified a paucity of research that quantifies the impact of the digital health transformation on nurses during the pandemic. Most of the initiatives were teleconsultation, followed by tele–intensive care unit (tele-ICU), and only 1 (5%) study explored electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Among the sociotechnical elements, the human-related factor was the most explored and the system measurement was the least studied item.

Conclusions

The review identified a significant gap in research on how implementing digital health solutions has impacted nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This gap needs to be addressed by further research to provide strategies for empowering the nursing workforce to be actively involved in digital health design, development, implementation, use, and evaluation.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN FROM CRAB SHELL WASTE AND ITS APPLICATIONS AS EDIBLE COATING
Authors: MULATSARI ESTI , MUMPUNI ESTI , QODRIAH RAHMATUL , BUDIATI ANARISA , GUNAWAN JIMMY , SOEROSO MARCELYNA HARYO , SERLAHWATY DIANA
Published: July 2022

Objective: Strawberries are fruit that has high economic value, but strawberries are perishable fruit. Therefore, required proper postharvest handling, one of them is using edible coating from chitosan. Chitosan was synthesized from crab shells waste will be a solution to prevent environmental pollution because of the abundance of crab shell waste. The purpose of this research was the synthesis and characterization of chitosan from craft shell waste and its applications as edible coating to increase strawberries' fruit shelf life.

Methods: Synthesis synthesis of chitosan has been done using batch methods with sequential processes were demineralization, deproteination, decolorization, and deacetylation using the acid-based solution. Characterization has been done, including chitosan yield, water content, ash content, viscosity, pH, and degree of deacetylation. The synthesized chitosan was formulated as an edible coating and tested for its antimicrobial activity, then used for edible coating on strawberries with a deep coating method and visual and organoleptic analysis of shelf life.

Results: The results of synthesis obtained 72.76% of chitosan yield with characteristics of water content 6.31%, ash content 0.96%, viscosity 68.19 cps, pH 7.01, and degree of deacetylation 80.17%. The average of inhibitory zone diameter of chitosan edible coating formulated with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were 7.62 mm, 10 mm, 14.27 mm, and 19.47 mm respectively. Chitosan edible coating can extend the shelf life of strawberries 5 d longer at room temperature and 7 d longer in the refrigerator than control.

Conclusion: Chitosan from crab shell waste can be formulated into an edible coating and can increase the shelf life of strawberries.
TOPICAL EFFECT OF TETRAGONULA SAPIENS HONEY ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF POST-CAESAREAN SECTION WOUNDS
Authors: ROHMATIN ETIN , PATMAWATI NENG MITA , YULIASTUTI SANTI , SAHLAN MUHAMAD
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of honey on the duration of abdominal wound healing among postpartum mothers that underwent cesarean.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a post-test-only control group design was used. The participants were a total of 28 postpartum mothers with a history of cesarean section on the 3rd day and were selected by using accidental sampling. 14 women were given the intervention by compressing the wound with 5 ml of honey on sterile gauze. Meanwhile, for the control group, NaCl 0.9% solution (250 ml) was applied. The intervention was done two times a day within the distance of 12 h for seven days in a row. The observation was done based on REEDA scale.

Results: The results showed that the wounds in women who got the honey intervention healed faster compared to the control group. Based on the statistical test results from the Pearson Chi-Square test, a value of 0.002 was obtained.

Conclusion: Tetragonula sapiens honey accelerated the healing time of post-caesarean section wounds.
REVIEW ARTICLE: POTENTIAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN INHIBITING PREMATURE SKIN AGING
Authors: DESMIATY YESI , FAIZATUN FAIZATUN , NOVIANI YUSLIA , RATIH HESTIARY , AMBARWATI NENENG SITI SILFI
Published: July 2022

The objective of this article is to review the phytochemicals that serve as anti-aging materials by developing in vitro activity screening test methods. The method used is a literature study from national and international journals, including the original article, research article, etc., with a total of over 40 journals. Secondary metabolite compounds from natural ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes have antioxidant activity and have the potential to be anti-aging substances for the skin. The initial stage of searching for natural ingredients that have anti-aging activity can be done by developing in vitro activity screening test methods, such as inhibition of collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase enzymes. This enzyme plays an important role as one of the causes of premature aging of the skin. From the literature search, it was found that many plant extracts to active compounds and cosmetic preparations from the extracts can inhibit these enzymes.  The group of compounds that are known to have acted as enzyme inhibitors is polyphenolic compounds, especially those with multimer properties, flavonoids, especially those with ortho-OH groups, triterpenes (especially pentacyclic), essential oils, and others. This shows that natural ingredients are one source of potential compounds as raw materials in the formulation of anti-aging cosmetic preparations.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DYSLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF BROWN SEAWEED (SARGASSUM POLYCYSTUM) EXTRACT IN RATS FEED WITH HIGH-FAT CONTENT
Authors: ZAIDAN SARAH , SYAMSUDIN  , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , SASTRA HANA AMARANI , SUTIKNO FIORINTINA , AULENA DESI NADYA
Published: July 2022

Objective: This research aimed to obtain the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic activity of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract in vivo.

Methods: Two tests, such as antioxidant and anti-dyslipidemia, were conducted on the sample animals. Also, the number of Wistar rats was divided into 2 sections which consisted of 6 treatment groups, respectively. The test animals received high-fat feed for 35 d, after which there administered brown seaweed extract for 14 d. An antioxidant test consisting of 6 treatment groups, such as normal, negative, positive control (vitamin E), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was conducted in the first group. Meanwhile, the anti-dyslipidemia test consisting of 6 treatment groups, including normal, negative, positive (simvastatin), doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW, was carried out in the second group. Hematological and statistical analysis was measured and performed using a 300 micro lab photometer as well as ANOVA, respectively.

Results: The antioxidant test results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity obtained a percentage increase of 63.41%, 75.01%, and 177.11%, while the dyslipidemia test results showed that after the administration of brown seaweed (S. polycystum) extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, there was a significant difference between the negative controls, with p less than α (0.05), such as total cholesterol (0.000) and triglycerides (0.000). The percentage decrease in total cholesterol levels in the dose group was 31.98%, 41.47%, and 49.45%, with triglyceride levels of 30.65%, 37.78%, and 47.96%, respectively.

Conclusion: Considering these results, it was concluded that brown seaweed extract has an antioxidant activity on SOD parameters as well as an antidyslipidemic activity on total cholesterol and triglyceride parameters. Therefore, the most effective dose in improving the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides is 200 mg/kg BW.
IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION OF HONEY USING CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS BASED ON ATR-FTIR AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: SAHLAN MUHAMAD , AHLAM NUR ANNISA LUTHFIYAH , AGUS ALI , SABIR ARDO , PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study aims to develop a fast, fitted, and accurate classification method for authenticating honey.

Methods: The authentic honey samples were obtained from local beekeepers and distributors, while most of the adulterated honey samples were made from a mixture of fructose syrup, authentic honey, sodium bicarbonate, and sweet soy sauce, while others were received from local distributors. To authenticate the honey, samples were divided into two classes, real honey, and adulterated honey. Similarly, to classify the honey, we categorized two classes, Apis spp. and stingless bee. ATR-FTIR spectra data were collected using Thermo Scientific’s OMNIC FTIR software and processed using Thermo Scientific’s TQ Analyst software by dividing the wavelengths into six regions between 550-4000 cm-1. and Raman spectra data were collected using HORIBA LabSpec 6 software and processed using CAMO’s Unscrambler X10.4 software by dividing the Raman shifts into five regions between 200-3350 cm-1.

Results: Our methods effectively authenticate the honey-based on ATR-FTIR and Raman spectra. Based on ATR-FTIR spectra data, the best region of honey’s authenticity is Region 1,3,4,5,6 (2800-3000 cm-1; 1640-1760 cm-1; 1175-1455 cm-1; 950-1175 cm-1; 750-950 cm-1) and the best region for classification is 750-950 cm-1. Based on Raman spectra data, the best region of honey’s authenticity is 970-1150 cm-1 and the best region for classification are 1150-1480 cm-1 and 970-1480 cm-1.

Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated accurate methods based on ATR-FTIR and Raman spectral data to authenticate and classify the honey.
CHARACTERIZATION, FTIR SPECTRA PROFILE AND PLATELET ANTI-AGGREGATION ACTIVITY OF CRUDE FUCOIDAN FROM SARGASSUM CRASSIFOLIUM
Authors: NURHIDAYATI LILIEK , ABDILLAH SYAMSUDIN , MUMPUNI ESTI , RAFI MOHAMAD
Published: July 2022

Objective: This research was aimed to investigate the characterization and FTIR spectra profile in correlation with platelet anti-aggregation activity of crude fucoidan from Sargassum crassifolium.

Methods: Dried brown seaweed powder was extracted using 0.1 M of HCl solution after pre-macerated with 85% of ethanol, precipitated with ethanol, and lyophilized as crude fucoidan. It was analyzed for fucose, sulfate, carbohydrate content, FTIR spectra and evaluated the in vitro platelet anti-aggregation activity. Partial least square (PLS) analysis was conducted to identify the functional group that contributes to the platelet anti-aggregation activity.

Results: The fucose, sulfate, and carbohydrate content were 3.64-9.44%, 12.05-18.01%, and 11.45–21.41%, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in fucose, sulfate, carbohydrate content, and platelet anti-aggregation activity of crude fucoidan extracted from Sargassum crassifolium at different harvest times. According to the result of PLS analysis using FTIR spectra data and the value of IC50, the functional group that contributed to the platelet anti-aggregation activity were OH, C=O, and S=O.

Conclusion: Platelet anti-aggregation activity of crude fucoidan was proportional to the level of sulfate not to fucose and carbohydrates levels. The functional group of crude fucoidan which were correlated with this activity could be identified.