bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theologische Wahrnehmung von Fremdheit. Das griechische Numeribuch als Dokument der alexandrinischen Diaspora
Authors: Ziegert Carsten
Published: July 2015

Presuming that theological tendencies of the Septuagint translators can be assessed, this paper seeks to evaluate the Greek book of Numbers by means of a methodology deliberately taken from translation studies (skopos theory). In the Greek book of Numbers, the concept of foreignness is expressed in two antithetical ways, namely, as suffered foreignness and as cultivated foreignness. In terms of language, this polarity shows in the concurrent avoidance and utilization of hebraisms. In terms of content, it shows in the concurrent tendencies of actualization and historization of the text. These tendencies strongly resemble the concerns for acculturation and isolation in the Letter of Aristeas and supposedly constitute a feature of the Alexandrian diaspora in general.

Supposant que l’on puisse déterminer des tendences théologiques des traducteurs de la Septante, l’auteur examine la version grecque du livre des Nombres par une méthode traductologique (»Skopostheorie«). Dans la version grecque des Nombres, l’idée d’être étranger est présentée de deux façons contraires. Il s’agit, d’une part, d’un état dont on souffre et, d’autre part, d’un état qu’on apprécie. D’un point de vue linguistique, cela se montre dans la façon dont des hébraïsmes sont parfois utilisés, parfois évités dans le texte. D’un point de vue de contenu, on observe les tendences contraires de rapprocher le texte à l’époque actuelle et du renvoi à son contexte historique. Ces tendences correspondent à celles de l’acculturation et de la ségrégation qu’on retrouve dans la Lettre d’Aristée. On peut les interpréter comme traits caractéristiques de la diaspora juive d’Alexandrie.

Unter der Voraussetzung, dass sich theologische Tendenzen der Septuaginta-Übersetzer ermitteln lassen, wird das griechische Numeribuch mit einer dezidiert übersetzungswissenschaftlichen Methodik (Skopostheorie) untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Konzept der Fremdheit im griechischen Numeribuch auf zwei gegensätzliche Arten Ausdruck fand, und zwar einerseits als erlittene, andererseits als gewürdigte Fremdheit. Das wird sprachlich in dem Gegensatz zwischen der Vermeidung und der Verwendung von Hebraismen deutlich, inhaltlich in den Tendenzen der Aktualisierung und der Historisierung. Diese Tendenzen, die im Aristeasbrief als Anliegen der Akkulturation und der Absonderung begegnen, lassen sich als generelle Kennzeichen der alexandrinischen Diaspora vermuten.
How Kittim became ›Rome‹: Dan 11,30 and the Importance of Cyprus in the Sixth Syrian War
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin , Davis Thomas
Published: July 2015

Das Wort

En Dn 11,30, Kittim signifie Chypre et non »Rome« ou »Romains« comme certaines anciennes interprétations et beaucoup de commentateurs modernes l’ont compris. Dn 11,30 est un témoignage historique précieux sur l’importance du rôle de Chypre dans la sixième guerre syrienne. Les liens qu’a ce verset aux actions romaines en 168 av. J.-C. ont permis à des interprètes plus tardifs de trouver la réalité historique de leur temps dans les prophéties anciennes.
Jehoiakim and the Scribes: A Note on Jer 36,23
Authors: Leuchter Mark
Published: July 2015

Zwar wurde schon lange erkannt, dass Jojakims Vernichtung der prophetischen Spruchrolle Jeremias (Jer 36,23) eine Ablehnung des Prophetenwortes darstellt, die Frage aber, warum der König die Rolle zunächst in Stücke schneidet, bevor er sie den Flammen preisgibt, hat noch nicht das angebrachte Maß an Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Die vorliegende Studie stellt heraus, dass dieses sonst wenig beachtete Detail mit der Konzeption zusammenhängt, bei der Verschriftlichung eines Prophetenwortes handle es sich um eine Art Ersatzhandlung für Prophetie oder gar um eine Form von Prophetie an sich. Nach vergleichender Berücksichtigung von antiken Traditionen, die eine solche Verschriftlichung als Träger von Offenbarung darstellen, wird Jojakims Handeln erklärbar: In der vorliegenden Darstellung macht der König den Akt der Verschriftlichung ungeschehen, dessen Offenbarungscharakter demjenigen der ursprünglichen Worte des Prophetenspruches an Autorität gleichkommt.

While scholars have long recognized that Jehoiakim’s destruction of Jeremiah’s oracle-croll (Jer 36,23) constitutes a repudiation of the prophetic word, the question of why the king first slices the scroll into pieces before consigning it to the fire has not received adequate attention. The present study suggests that this otherwise extraneous detail relates to the role of scribal redaction as a surrogate for – and even a form of – prophecy. After a consideration of comparative ancient traditions that present scribal redaction as a vehicle for revelation, Jehoiakim’s actions become clear: the king is presented as »undoing« the act of redaction, which carried revelatory power equal in force to the words of the prophet’s original oracles.

Alors que les chercheurs ont depuis longtemps reconnu que la destruction du rouleau d’oracles de Jérémie par Yoyaqim (Jer 36,23) démontre le rejet de la parole prophétique, la question de savoir pourquoi le roi découpe d’abord le rouleau en pièces avant de jeter les morceaux au feu n’a pas encore reçu de réponse adéquate. Cet article tente de démontrer que ce détail insolite se comprend par rapport au rôle qu’occupait l’activité du scribe comme substitut, voire même comme une forme de prophétie. Après avoir comparé ce texte avec des anciennes traditions similaires, qui présentent l’activité du scribe comme une voie de la révélation, l’action de Yoyaqim devient claire : le roi est présenté comme »défaisant« l’acte de la rédaction, qui comportait un pouvoir de révélation similaire au pouvoir des mots du prophète dans les oracles originels.
Pécs egyházi kincseinek sorsa a 16. század második felében
Authors: Varga Szabolcs
Published: July 2015

The study reveals the fate of the medieval treasures of the cathedral of Pécs. The majority of these religious objects disappeared after the Ottoman conquest, and nothing was known about them for a long time. However, some sources help historians reconstruct the survival of some of them. The study shows that several treasures were taken to Bratislava where they were guarded by the bishop and canons of Pécs. András Dudich, Bishop of Pécs pawned many of the treasures in the 1560s. Miklós Telegdy attempted to find them in the 1570s, but his efforts proved to be fruitless; he only managed to find only a few of them, while the treasures vanished again from our sources in the 17th century. Therefore, their latter fate can only be guessed.
Incubation history prior to the canonical thermosensitive period determines sex in the American alligator
Authors: McCoy Jessica A , Parrott Benjamin B , Rainwater Thomas R , Wilkinson Phillip M , Guillette Louis J
Published: July 2015

Despite the widespread occurrence of environmental sex determination (ESD) among vertebrates, our knowledge of the temporal dynamics by which environmental factors act on this process remains limited. In many reptiles, incubation temperature determines sex during a discrete developmental window just prior to and coincident with the differentiation of the gonads. Yet, there is substantial variation in sex ratios among different clutches of eggs incubated at identical temperatures during this period. Here, we test the hypothesis that temperatures experienced prior to the reported thermosensitive period for alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) can impact how the sex determination system responds to thermal cues later in development. Temperature shift experiments on eggs collected from the field within 24 h of oviposition were employed to decouple various maternal influences from thermal effects, and results demonstrate a previously undefined window of thermosensitivity occurring by stage 15 of embryonic development, six stages earlier than previously reported. We also examine the intrasexual expression of several male- and female-biased genes and show that while male-biased genes display no intrasexual differences, ovarianCYP19A1(aromatase) transcript abundance differs by approximately twofold depending on thermal exposures experienced at early stages of embryonic development. These findings expand our understanding of the ESD in the alligator and provide the rationale for reevaluation of the temporal dynamics of sex determination in other crocodilians.
Notch signaling represses GATA4-induced expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis
Authors: George Rajani M , Hahn Katherine L , Rawls Alan , Viger Robert S , Wilson-Rawls Jeanne
Published: July 2015

Notch2andNotch3and genes of the Notch signaling network are dynamically expressed in developing follicles, where they are essential for granulosa cell proliferation and meiotic maturation. Notch receptors, ligands, and downstream effector genes are also expressed in testicular Leydig cells, predicting a potential role in regulating steroidogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine if Notch signaling in small follicles regulates the proliferation response of granulosa cells to FSH and represses the up-regulation steroidogenic gene expression that occurs in response to FSH as the follicle grows. Inhibition of Notch signaling in small preantral follicles led to the up-regulation of the expression of genes in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, progesterone secretion by MA-10 Leydig cells was significantly inhibited by constitutively active Notch. Together, these data indicated that Notch signaling inhibits steroidogenesis. GATA4 has been shown to be a positive regulator of steroidogenic genes, including STAR protein, P450 aromatase, and 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We observed that Notch downstream effectors HEY1, HEY2, and HEYL are able to differentially regulate these GATA4-dependent promoters. These data are supported by the presence of HEY/HES binding sites in these promoters. These studies indicate that Notch signaling has a role in the complex regulation of the steroidogenic pathway.
Eficacia y seguridad del uso de medicamentos para la cesación de la adicción al tabaco: revisión de guías de práctica clínica
Authors: Cañas Arboleda Alejandra , Alba Luz Helena , Becerra Nelci , Murillo Raul , Paez Nelson , Mosquera Catalina , Garcia-Herreros Plutarco , Castillo Juan Sebastian
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Revisar la eficacia y seguridad de medicamentos para cesación del tabaquismo en el contexto de construcción de guías de práctica clínica (GPC).

Métodos Revisión sistemática de GPC para adaptación mediante ADAPTE. Los desenlaces fueron cesación ≥6 meses y seguridad de las intervenciones. Las GPC se calificaron por pares con DELBI. Se extrajeron resultados de estudios agregativos incluidos en las guías seleccionadas.

Resultados Los fármacos duplican la cesación comparados con placebo (tasas de 25,0 % hasta 27,0 % al combinarse con consejería). Los mayores incrementos en cesación se obtienen con ansiolíticos y antidepresivos (8,7% a 19,4%), y los menores con terapia de reemplazo nicotínico –TRN- (5,2% a 12,9%). La nortriptilina tiene eficacia similar al bupropion (aproximadamente 10,0 %). Con limitadas excepciones (parche e inhalador, tabletas y bupropion), las combinaciones de medicamentos no incrementan la abstinencia.

Conclusiones TRN, vareniclina, bupropion y nortriptilina son eficaces para dejar de fumar. Las combinaciones de medicamentos requieren más evidencia y deberían restringirse a personas con alta dependencia o con falla terapéutica inicial. Serían deseables análisis de costo-efectividad para valorar implementación de programas en países en desarrollo.
Construção e validação do TQWL-42: um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho
Authors: Pedroso Bruno , Pilatti Luiz Alberto , Gutierrez Gustavo Luis , Picinin Claudia Tania
Published: July 2015

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi construir um instrumento que avalia a qualidade de vida no trabalho de forma global, seguindo os moldes dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL) e alicerçado nos modelos teóricos clássicos de qualidade de vida no trabalho, com direcionamento para a sociedade contemporânea brasileira.

Metodologia A validação de conteúdo foi realizada através da análise por pesquisadores da área da qualidade de vida no trabalho, enquanto a verificação da consistência interna ocorreu por meio da utilização do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, em uma aplicação a 143 indivíduos.

Resultados A versão final do instrumento é constituída de 47 questões, sendo cinco para conhecimento da amostra e 42 seccionadas em cinco esferas que contemplam as dimensões da qualidade de vida no trabalho. O alfa de Cronbach obtido a partir da aplicação do instrumento foi de 0,8568. Para o cálculo dos resultados do instrumento fora desenvolvida a sintaxe SPSS e uma ferramenta no software Microsoft Excel que realiza os cálculos forma automatizada após a tabulação dos dados.

Conclusão Conclui-se que o objetivo de validar um instrumento global de avaliação da qualidade de vida no trabalho validado a partir da cultura hodierna brasileira, com características psicométricas satisfatórias foi atingido, podendo este ser aplicado sem a obrigatoriedade de utilização do software SPSS.
A máj és az immunrendszer
Authors: Jakab Lajos
Published: July 2015

The liver is known to be the metabolic centre of the organism and is under the control of the central nervous system. It has a peculiar tissue structure and its anatomic localisation defines it as part of the immune system having an individual role in the defence of the organism. The determinant of its particular tissue build-up is the sinusoid system. In addition to hepatocytes, one cell row “endothelium”, stellate cells close to the external surface, Kupffer cells tightly to its inner surface, as well as dendritic cells and other cell types (T and B lymphocytes, natural killer and natural killer T-cells, mast cells, granulocytes) are present. The multitudes and variety of cells make it possible to carry out the tasks according to the assignment of the organism. The liver is a member of the immune system having immune cells largely in an activated state. Its principal tasks are the assurance of the peripheral immune tolerance of the organism with the help of the haemopoetic cells and transforming growth factor-β. The liver takes part in the determination of the manner of the non-specific immune response of the organism. In addition to acute phase reaction of the organism, the liver has a role in the adaptive/specific immune response. These functions include retardation of the T and B lymphocytes and the defence against harmful pathogens. With the collaboration of transforming growth factor-β, immunoglobulins and their subclasses are inhibited just as the response of the T lymphocytes. The only exception is the undisturbed immunoglobulin A production. Particularly important is the intensive participation of the liver in the acute phase reaction of the organism, which is organised and guided by the coordinated functions of the cortico-hypothalamo-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Beside cellular elements, hormones, adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines are also involved in the cooperation with the organs. Acute phase reactants play a central role in these processes. Until recently the α2-macroglobulin was not considered as an acute reactant of the organism, but it is now functionally included in the acute phase reaction presumably due to its close connection with the transforming growth factor-β. Transforming growth factor-β has extraordinarily important roles in all phases of inflammation and in the specific immune response. The peripheral immune tolerance of the organism involves tightly coupled regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of lymphocytes. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(30), 1203–1213.
Application of stretching techniques in physical rehabilitation of football players with traumas of upper and lower limbs
Authors: Doroshenko E.Y.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: to study and experimentally test effectiveness of application of stretching as auxiliary not specific component of complex rehabilitation of football players with traumas of limbs. Material: experiment covered 186 sportsmen of 14-17 years old age. Quantitative indicators of limbs’ traumas and damages were registered in competition and training processes during yearly macro-cycle by results of processing of official competitions’ records and by medical records of football players. Results: application of stretching techniques in training process and in football players’ physical rehabilitation permitted to reduce quantitative indicators of traumas of upper and lower limbs from 18 (season 2012-2013) to 7 cases (season 2013-2014). Indicators of football players trauma’s relapses reduced by 7.93 %. In structure of upper and lower limbs’ traumas of younger age groups indicators of lower limbs’ traumas prevail. In older age groups traumas of upper limbs prevail. Conclusions: application of stretching techniques in football players’ training process permitted to certain extent to optimize indicators of lower limbs’ traumas.
Methodic of skills’ formation of light athletics motor actions with the help of inter-disciplinary communications and informational technologies, worked out for senior form pupils
Authors: Kozina Zh.L. , Al-Ravashdeh Abdel Baset , Kramskoy S.I. , Ilnickaya A.S.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: to work out and substantiate technologies of motor and intellectual aspects’ integral influence on development of basic light athletics movements’ technique. Material: in the research 2 groups of schoolchildren participated: control group (n = 34) and experimental group (n = 33). Results: it was determined that main direction of motor skills’ development in light athletics trainings is a holistic approach. Such approach implies mastering of principal movements of light athletics on the base of analogies with rational and economical movements in Nature and on the base of laws of mechanics. Conclusions: it is recommended to consider in trainings the fact that improvement of motor skills’ mastering facilitates strengthening of demand in motor functioning. This demand is a condition of organism functioning’s improvement.
Improvement of aerobic energy supply processes in 37-49 yrs old women by means of complex aqua-fitness trainings’ and methodic of endogenous - hypoxic breathing’s application
Authors: Furman Y.M. , Salnikova S.V.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: substantiation of purposefulness of complex aqua-fitness training and methodic of endogenous-hypoxic breathing’s application for improvement of women’s functional fitness. Material: in the research 13 women of control group and 12 women of experimental one, who had never trained aqua-fitness earlier, participated. (Their age was 37-49 years old). Results: during 24 weeks, at different stages of the research (after 8, 16 and 24 weeks from the beginning of trainings by the worked out program) we determined indicators of power (maximal oxygen consumption) and capacity (threshold of anaerobic metabolism), which characterize aerobic processes of energy supply. Conclusions: it was proved that complex application of aqua-fitness trainings in combination with methodic of endogenous-hypoxic breathing is effective. It is witnessed by acceleration of increment of absolute and relative indicators of workability, maximal oxygen consumption and threshold of anaerobic metabolism.
Simulation of junior shcoolchildren’s training to acrobatic exercises and vaults
Authors: Khudolii O.M. , Ivashchenko O.V. , Chernenko S.O.
Published: July 2015

Purpose: to determine peculiarities of formation of junior schoolchildren’s motor skills. Material: 172 pupils participated in the research. In every parallel of forms there were 48 pupils. Factorial experiment of 2 3type was conducted. Results: it was determined that effectiveness of schoolchildren’s training (1 st - 2 nd forms - to forward roll; 3 rd - 4 th forms to vault) is influenced positively on be the following: increasing of attempts up to 12 times, quantity of repetitions in one attempt - up to 3 times, interval of rest shall be within 60-180 sec. In training process Attention is accentuated on quantity of attempts. For each form specific methodic peculiarities of exercise’s fulfillment were formulated. Conclusions: factorial experiment of 2 3 type permitted to study multi-factorial structure of training process of 1 st-4 th forms’ schoolchildren and specify optimal correlations of quantity of attempts, quantity of repetitions in one attempt and rest interval.
Sustaining multimodal language learner interactions online
Authors: Satar H. Müge
Published: July 2015

Social presence is considered an important quality in computer mediated communication as it promotes willingness in learners to take risks through participation in interpersonal exchanges (Kehrwald, 2008) and makes communication more natural (Lowenthal, 2010). While social presence has mostly been investigated through questionnaire data and quantitative content analysis of online interactions based on a set of predefined indicators, in a smaller number of studies the concept has also been investigated through qualitative analysis of interviews (Kehrwald, 2008, 2010). Yet studies that bring together multiple sources of data collection and examine multimodal language learning contexts are almost non-existent. In this paper, the theory of social presence is employed to explicate language learners’ online multimodal communication using a case study approach. Multiple sources of data were collected, including interviews, open-ended and closed post-task questionnaires, stimulated reflection and recordings of video interactions. The main findings of the study included an innovative social presence framework developed for the analysis of online multimodal language learner interactions (Satar, 2010), which can be used in further qualitative and exploratory research. It also has potential applicability for educators to develop strategies for language learners to guide them in creating and transmitting their social presence. The focus of this article is a cross-case analysis for one of the components of social presence, sustaining interaction, bringing together social presence theory, interactional sociolinguistics and multimodal interaction analysis. Finally, strategies are proposed for language learners on how to sustain their online multimodal interactions.
Breakthrough Drugs and Turtle Soup
Authors: Chabner Bruce A.
Published: July 2015

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) category of Breakthrough Therapy drugs was established in 2012, fostered by collaboration between legislators, researchers, industry representatives, and cancer research advocates. This category allows the FDA to designate certain lifesaving drugs for expedited review, and it has been successful in speeding the approval of several new drugs.
Christchurch rebuild, New Zealand: alliancing with a difference
Authors: Botha Paul Stephanus , Scheepbouwer Eric
Published: July 2015

The alliance contract is a flexible form of partnering between organisations, and, to date, alliances for the delivery of infrastructure projects in the construction industry have typically been a partnership between one owner participant and one or more non-owner participants, including a design consultancy. The Christchurch infrastructure rebuild team in New Zealand, set up to deliver the reconstruction of the earthquake-damaged infrastructure, is a multi-client, multi-contractor programme alliance with professional services procured from consultancies amalgamated into four teams that are not participants in the alliance model. This multi-client, multi-contractor alliance is different from more commonly used ‘classes’ of alliances in the procurement of design services. In particular, the introduction of a delivery performance score provides price tension between the non-owner participants and ensures value for money for the client organisations, while the gain/pain incentive ensures both collaboration across the delivery teams and independent target outturn cost development with no direct price influence from the delivery teams.
Briefing: Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 and NEC contracts
Authors: Patterson Richard , Davies Mark , Trebes Barry
Published: July 2015

Great Britain’s Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) regulations were updated in April 2015. This article explains the key aspects of the changes and how CDM and health and safety more generally interface with the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract, one of the most commonly used standard forms of contract in the UK.
Asset Return Dynamics under Habits and Bad-Environment Good-Environment Fundamentals
Authors: Bekaert Geert
Published: July 2015

We introduce a "bad environment-good environment" (BEGE) technology for consumption growth in a consumption-based asset pricing model with external habit formation. The model generates realistic non-Gaussian features of consumption growth and fits standard salient features of asset prices including the means and volatilities of equity returns and a low risk free rate. BEGE dynamics additionally allow the model to generate realistic properties of equity index options prices, and their comovements with the macroeconomic outlook. In particular, when option-implied volatility is high, as measured for instance by the VIX index, the distribution of consumption growth is more negatively skewed.
Combining Work and Study in Tatarstan Higher Education Institutions: How Academic Performance Is Affected?
Authors: Yanbarisova Diana
Published: July 2015

Nowadays, combining work and study is typical for both low-income students and those who are well off. Such students have an array of reasons to start working, from the ambition to get integrated into the job market and build a career to the desire to fill their spare time. The paper investigates how different combinations of work and study affect academic performance of students in their final years in Tatarstan higher education institutions. The author analyzes results of the first phase of ‘Monitoring educational and employment trajectories of school and higher education institution graduates’, the longitudinal studies initiated by NRU HSE in 2009. Two factors — employment schedule and the extent to which employment corresponds with what is studied — have helped single out five types of combining work and study. Different combinations reveal different levels of academic performance, different plans for the future, and somewhat different motivation to enter higher education institutions. A regression analysis has shown that only one type of combining work and studies, non-professional full-time employment, has a negative effect on academic performance. The rest of the student employment strategies haven’t shown any statistically important effect on performance. All other conditions being equal, professionally employed students perform better than non-professionally employed ones, and sometimes even better than those who don’t work at all. The perfect choice for students is professional part-time employment, when work becomes an additional source of knowledge and motivation to learn.
Creative Writing: Bringing the English-Speaking Countries’ Model to Russian Schools
Authors: Levinzon Anna
Published: July 2015

Most people of the mid-20th century gave up on extensive writing after leaving school. Now, with the rise of Internet communications, writing skills have become one of the key factors facilitating successful social integration of an individual. Analyzing the fundamental principles of mass-scale writing skills teaching used in Great Britain, Canada and the US, the author suggests changing the writing skills development pattern that has been established in Russian schools. First, these changes should address the texts that serve the basis for student essays. The most impor tant features of such texts appear to be a conflict, an emotional state easily recognized by children, and a strong author’s presence. Second, it is necessary to revise the forms of writing students do in class or at home. In particular, Russian teachers are advised to learn from Graves’ method of teaching children to make contents that would be meaningful for themselves and not predetermined by their teachers. Sample compositions included in language development course books is another area that needs revision. The paper gives the grounds for providing the tools consistent with the author’s conception and not restricted to literary language, instead of merely teaching norms. A good source of exercise could be the Russian National Corpus, the electronic database reflecting all the current trends of contemporary writing. The author believes that implementing these ideas would promote, inter alia, association of different social groups based on acknowledging the importance of cultural raditions.
Inter-Regional Differences in Teachers’ Wage Before and After Issuing Decrees on Teachers’ Pay Raise
Authors: Rodina Natalya
Published: July 2015

An overview of literary sources is used to determine factors that account for differences in the role pay raises play for teachers in different regions. These factors include: regional economic structure; stage of economic development (growth or decline); share of public sector industries in regional economics; specific territorial characteristics resulting in discrepancy between average monthly wages and the real standards of living in regions. The paper has revealed a change to teachers’ pay at different educational levels in regions of Russia between 2011 and the first half of 2013. The level of teachers’ pay shows a trend towards reducing inequalities and polarization in distribution of regions by personal income. At the same time, purchasing power of teachers’ wage is growing more and more heterogeneous across the federal subjects of the Russian Federation. As compared to 2011–2012, when purchasing power of teachers’ wage was at the same level in more than 50% of regions, the first months of 2013 witnessed an increase in the number of levels, as well as in that of regions at different levels. Teachers’ wage varies significantly by its purchasing power across federal subjects that have achieved or almost achieved their teachers’ pay goals. The author proves the need for specific research to discover the role (including psychological one) teachers’ pay raise plays broken down by  the subjects of the Russian Federation.
What Does Subject Knowledge Give for Its Applying in New Context. The First Results from Studies TIMSS-2011 and PISA‑2012
Authors: Tyumeneva Yulia , Valdman Alena , Carnoy Martin
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this research is to estimate of relationship between the level of subject knowledge formation with skills of transferring to non-academic context. To answer this question we use Russian databases of international studies TIMSS and PISA. The sample included 4241 Russian students. They participated in both studies TIMSS-2011 and PISA-2012. Based on the previous literature and content comparison of TIMSS-PISA math items we argue that TIMSS items can represent formal subject knowledge, while PISA items represent real-life context problems. We divided TIMSS participants into 6 groups from the top performers to poor performers (based on class average PVs in math) and picked up 10 (and 20) hardest PISA items using One-Parameter Rasch Model. Then we checked the proportion of correctly done PISA items among the 10 (and 20) hardest ones in each TIMSS group of students. This indicator is measure of the ability to transfer subject knowledge in a new context and apply them to solve real-life problems. Positive relationship between the level of subject knowledge development and the ability to transfer and apply it to a every-day problems was found. The better student knows math, the more likely he will be able to apply this knowledge to solve problems in a non-academic context. This relationship is not linear. Students from the most successful TIMSS group had substantive benefit in handling PISA hardest items, but all other levels of TIMSS performance differentiated weakly success in contextual PISA problems.
Beyond Justice: What Makes an Indigenous Justice Organization?
Authors: Nielsen Marianne , Brown Samantha
Published: July 2015

The data from a longitudinal study of seven indigenous justice service organizations in four colonized countries were analyzed to identify the characteristics that made them "indigenous." Although nine common organizational characteristics emerged, of these, four are essential and specific to indigenous organizations (dependency on indigenous stakeholders, incorporation of indigenous values and practices, indigenous organizational governance, and support for indigenous self-determination) and are framed by a fifth (colonial socio-environmental) that is also constitutive but not specific to indigenous organizations. Through their services, values and operations, indigenous organizations are deeply embedded in the reconstruction of the reality of indigenous/non-indigenous relations.
Canoe Journeys and Cultural Revival
Authors: Johansen Bruce
Published: July 2015

For the state of Washington's one-hundredth birthday, in 1989, Native peoples there decided to revive a distinctive mode of transportation—long-distance journeys by canoe—along with an entire culture associated with it. Born as the "Paddle to Seattle," during the past two decades these canoe journeys have become a summertime staple for Native peoples as well as for thousands of non-Indians who follow the "pullers" in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. The Tribal Canoe Journey has become a metaphor for community, drawing peoples together over a large area. The annual Canoe Journey also represents a revival of indigenous culture and, to some extent, indigenous languages. The canoe journeys (and the land-based events associated with them) might be compared with powwows in other areas. The carving of canoes has been revived, along with the structures of canoe families that maintain them, along with songs, clothing, and other aspects of traditional culture. The Tribal Canoe Journey is neither a race nor a contest, although it is something of a feat of physical endurance, recalling a time when canoes were one of the central attributes of Coast Salish cultures. Canoes were vital for the gathering of much of people's food, the conduct of social relations, and the waging of war. Like many maritime peoples around the world, seaborne transport framed culture and invoked deep spiritual beliefs in life and death. Canoe culture also teaches respect for ancestors' survival skills to city-bred youth, forging bonds between generations. Young people are learning how to get along with others and how to stay clean and sober during journeys in which they represent their peoples. The young people also learn how to deal with conflicts that arise from living in close quarters and pulling canoes for hours at a time, day after day. The Tribal Canoe Journey thus revives culture while sustaining and improving modern Native life in the Pacific Northwest.
Indigeneity and Homeland: Land, History, Ceremony, and Language
Authors: Lerma Michael
Published: July 2015

What is the relationship between Indigenous peoples and violent reactions to contemporary states? This research explores differing, culturally informed notions of attachment to land or place territory. Mechanistic ties and organic ties to land are linked to a key distinction between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous peoples. Utilizing the Minorities at Risk (MAR) data set, a subset relationship is explored addressing propensity for Indigenous peoples to rebel against state encroachment of their lands. The results of this research must be considered with the serious limitations of MAR in mind. Within the marginalized groups in the Americas, 28 have an attachment to a place territory. Of these 28 groups, 22 are Indigenous and of the 22 groups, 13 have exhibited some form of rebellious behavior between 1945 and 2003. The power of attachment to place territory, specifically the organic attachment most often displayed by Indigenous peoples of the Americas, is a strong tie surviving 500 years of European encroachment. The findings are indicative of an attachment that Indigenous peoples retain to their specific homelands. The findings suggest a plethora of future research questions.
Iroquois Use of Customary Haudenosaunee and United States Law in Opposing Removal
Authors: Haake Claudia
Published: July 2015

This article seeks to explain the nature of the arguments the Iroquois presented to the US government in trying to prevent their removal. In the letters they wrote to the federal government from the 1830s to the 1850s they emphasized their own law as well as that of the United States. They drew on whatever perception of law they deemed was best suited to address the problems they were facing. The process by which they composed these letters, the discussions surrounding them, and the compromises they reached over their content can also explain why the Iroquois appealed to several kinds of law.
Native American Mobilization and the Power of Recognition: Theorizing the Effects of Political Acknowledgment
Authors: Stokes DaShanne
Published: July 2015

How recognition may empower or restrain Native American mobilization has not received sufficient scholarly attention and remains largely unexplored and under-theorized. This paper contributes a partial remedy to this oversight by explicitly theorizing how political recognition can mediate Native American collective action and lead to differential mobilizational outcomes. In this paper I build on and add nuances to the models of indigenous mobilization offered by Joane Nagel and Stephen Cornell and contribute to the broader literature on tribal acknowledgement by theorizing tribal status as a factor in Native American mobilization.
A Cartographic History of Indian-White Government Relations during the Past 400 Years
Authors: Cole Daniel , Sutton Imre
Published: July 2015

This is a historical cartographic analysis of Indian and Euro-American relations in the United States. We explore the threefold roles of government, academic, and tribal mapping, and bring them together with some findings. As can be seen, government and academia have shared cartographic data; both have learned from the tribes, and in turn, the tribes have learned from the others, not always to their well-being. All of these issues are involved in the affairs of Indians in our country and are discussed to analyze the ongoing spatial activities across the dynamic landscape of Native America.
A Global Potlatch: Identifying the Indigenous Influence on Western Thought
Authors: Wilner Isaiah
Published: July 2015

This article identifies a seminal instance of Indigenous influence on Western thought. It does so by revealing a form of idea power exercised by Indigenous Americans: the power to transmit messages through the medium of people who came to meet and learn from them. In 1894, the Kwakwaka'wakw people of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, invited the anthropologist Franz Boas to take part in their system of Indigenous governance, the potlatch. At a series of dances and feasts, Kwakwaka'wakw leaders performed the notion of transformation, offering a dynamic vision of humanity as a single, varied, and constantly changing global community. Guided by an Indigenous intellectual, George Hunt, the Kwakwaka'wakw civilized Boas into a new way of seeing. They turned him from a static concept of culture, focused on the differences between groups of people, toward a dynamic concept of culture, focused on the universality of global experience—an experience of diversity. To identify such episodes of Indigenous influence, scholars must open a new archive—the vast corpus of Indigenous thought and action compiled by anthropologists—and begin writing a truly global history of ideas.
The Settler Complex: An Introduction
Authors: Wolfe Patrick
Published: July 2015

Introduction
"The Last Bastion of Colonialism": Appalachian Settler Colonialism and Self-Indigenization
Authors: Pearson Stephen
Published: July 2015

This article outlines and interrogates the neglected settler-colonial discourse of White Appalachians, in particular their construction of a White indigeneity. In order to justify occupation and reconcile themselves to the wider settler-colonial society, influential settler Appalachian scholars and activists positioned themselves as a colonized Indigenous people, advancing the once-paradigmatic Colonialist model of Appalachian exploitation. This discursive replacement of American Indians allows settler Appalachians to assert their own White subjectivity as a form of indigeneity and their ownership of the land as decolonization.
Desire, Settler Colonialism, and the Racialized Cowboy
Authors: Jafri Beenash
Published: July 2015

In this paper, I argue that settler colonialism is a project of desire, and that attention to desire is particularly useful for understanding the relationship between racialized subjects, whose access to political power in settler regimes is tenuous and uneven. Drawing upon psychoanalytically-inflected theories of race, I examine how this desire is articulated, and look to its effects. To do so, I offer a reading of the 2004 South Asian-American film, Indian Cowboy, reflecting on how racialized subjects negotiate and express the desire to access and be included in settler subjectivity.
Driving with the Driven: A Re(-)view of the Trail of Tears in the Roadside Montage
Authors: Whalen Ken
Published: July 2015

This paper offers a re(-)view of a landscape montage called the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. The United States National Park Service has placed trail markers along county, state and interstate roadways that generally parallel one route taken by Cherokee Indians who were forced to migrate from the southeast United States to "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi River during the early part of the nineteenth century. The American roadway, with its pastiche of signage that now includes the Trail of Tears, can be shown to maintain the poetics of "unsettled settledness" often visible in other cultural texts of settler societies. The (in)congruity and (ir)reconcilability of signifiers in anxious negotiation appear haunting and sometimes humorous. I use the method of image-texting to merge signifiers in the landscape. This involves breaking the integrity of photographs and texts to create (sur)real composites in order to reflect the "thinking-feeling" that went along with my reading carefully and deeply this landscape of difficult heritage.
From Pictures to Numbers: Vision Mapping and Sustainability Collaboration between Native American Community Members and Mainstream Scientists
Authors: Murry Adam , James Keith , Drown Damon
Published: July 2015

Native communities, in managing their health, education, land, and community development, must constantly interact with mainstream government agencies, academic institutions, and other entities. Cultural worldviews influence such interactions, as do memories of the negative historical encounters Native communities have had with non-Native society. To help foster collaboration between mainstream scientists and Native people toward sustainability, a technique of having them cooperatively develop pictorial visions (i.e. Vision Maps) of Native community sustainability was employed. This paper describes the development of a method of analyzing the resulting pictures and the conclusions that were drawn from collaborative sustainability visions.
"It Is Not Just Diabetes": Engaging Ethnographic Voices to Develop Culturally Appropriate Health Promotion Efforts
Authors: Weiner Diane , Canales Mary
Published: July 2015

In this article, we examine cultural capital within the contexts of ethnography, community-based participatory research (CBPR), and holism. Because many chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes are influenced by lifestyle choices in which culture plays a central role regarding perceptions of illness and health, it is important to understand how patients and their communities perceive these cultural factors. We outline how CBPR can be used as a strategy to explore these issues among Native Americans in the northeastern United States, whose perspectives and experiences have been less visible in the published literature. As a method, CBPR provides a context to "apply" cultural capital in the research arena, while holism, as a practice, provides an excellent exemplar of how cultural capital is manifested in the day-to-day lives of Native Americans. We also illustrate the ways in which health education programs are primarily influenced by medicalized perspectives of diabetes and cancer, which demand a singular view of what should be treated, as opposed to locally produced knowledge(s) that insist on a more integrative view of health and health needs. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with these differences through the voices and perceptions of individuals in a number of Native communities, as together we attempted to build more comprehensive and culturally appropriate health promotion programs.
Dinosaurs and Indians: Fossil Resource Dispossession of Sioux Lands, 1846-1875
Authors: Bradley Lawrence
Published: July 2015

The emergence of vertebrate paleontology as an established, scientific discipline can in part be attributed to large vertebrate fossils found on land dispossessed from indigenous populations from around the world. Specifically, geographic locations of the North American continental interior are known to yield fossiliferous stratagraphic sequences. I argue that vertebrate fossils are another natural resource dispossessed from Native peoples within the historical boundaries of Sioux lands. This body of research discusses the physical and geographical evidence of the first quarter-century of fossil dispossession in Indian country between the years 1846 and 1875.
Making Math Count: Tribal College Leadership in Education Reform on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation
Authors: Ward Carol , Jepson Sachiko , Jones Kacey , Littlebear Richard
Published: July 2015

Recently, Chief Dull Knife College, the tribal college of the Northern Cheyenne Nation, took new actions to assert sovereignty in relation to reservation schooling. This case study presents an account of these actions, which illustrates the kind of resistance that Hall and Fenelon suggest is possible in tribal college settings. Specifically, as a result of math curriculum reform at the Chief Dull Knife College, student success in math increased. Moreover, unintended consequences include that Northern Cheyenne student identities have been strengthened; college instructors use more culturally relevant strategies; and the tribal college has assumed a new leadership role in improving local schooling.