bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Cochlear Changes In Migrain With Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions
Authors: AKDAĞ Mehmet , AKİL Eşref
Published: October 2018

Objective: In

this study, our objective is to examine the cochlear functions that might occur

during the early period of migraine. Methods:

Our prospective study was planned as a clinical study and it was analyzed by

measuring the transient otoacoustic emission of individuals who have or do not

have migraine with normal audition limit as pure tone audiometry.Results:

The emission amplitudes of the patients with migraine were lower than the

control group P < 0.05). Even though the difference at the frequency of 2.0

Hz on the right side was significant P < 0.05) in the statistical analysis

conducted between the patients and the control group, it was not found

significant at other frequencies (P >0.05). In addition, there were no

statistical differences between the patients with migraine and the control

groups in terms of gender and age (P >0.05).Conclusion:

Audiologic monitorisation might be required in the long-term with larger

patient groups despite of the minimal changes in the cochlear function in the

early stages of migraine.
İmatinib tedavisi alan kronik myeloid lösemi hastalarında tedavi etkinliğinin ve prognozun değerlendirlmesi
Authors: KARA Ali Veysel , AKSU Salih
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Kronik myeloid lösemi (KML), immatür hematopoietik kök

hücrelerinin neoplastik transformasyonu sonucu oluşan klonal myeloproliferatif

bir hastalıktır. Spesifik BCR-ABL protein tirozin kinaz inhibitörü (TKİ)

imatinib mesilat klinik uygulamaya girdikten sonra KML tedavisinde yeni bir

dönem başlamıştır. Bugün KML tedavisinde imatinib mesilat ilk tercih edilen

tedavi seçeneğidir ancak imatinib mesilat tedavisine yanıtsızlık ve intolerans

gelişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda TKİ tedavisi verilen KML hastalarında tedavi

etkinliğinin ve prognozun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda ……. Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi

Erişkin Hastanesi Hematoloji Ünitesinde Kasım 1995 ile Aralık 2009 tarihleri

arasında takip edilen 16 yaşından büyük 54 KML hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. Verilere

retrospektif olarak hasta dosya kayıtlarından ulaşıldı. Hastaların TKİ

başlandığı sıradaki hastalık evrelemesi Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) kriterlerine

göre yapıldı. Tanı anındaki risk profili Sokal risk skorlamasına göre

değerlendirildi. Yanıt oranları (hematolojik ve sitogenetik), relaps oranı

(hematolojik, sitogenetik ve moleküler relapstan herhangi birinin varlığı),

relaps bağımsız sağkalım ve genel sağkalım değerlendirildi. Hastaların sağkalım

eğrileri Kaplan Meier yöntemi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmamızda hastaların %94,4’ ünde tam

hematolojik yanıt (THY) ve %75,9’ unda tam sitogenetik yanıt (TSY) elde edildi.

Çalışmamızda relaps oranı %31,5 olarak bulundu. Hastaların %40’ında imatinib

tedavisi sonlandırıldı. Bu hastaların %40’ında primer imatinib direnci, %46,6’

sında sekonder imatinib direnci ve %13,4’ ünde yan etki nedeniyle tedavi

sonlandırıldı. 18 aylık ve 5 yıllık relaps bağımsız sağkalım sırasıyla %86,7 ve

%56,2 idi. Genel sağkalım açısından değerlendirildiğinde, 3 ve 5 yıllık genel

sağkalım oranı %93,7 olarak hesaplandı.Sonuç: imatinib tedavisinin tolere edilebilir etkin bir

tedavi yöntemi olduğu ancak günümüzde daha yeni TKİ’ lerin klinik uygulamaya

girmesiyle birlikte, TKİ’ leri veya kombinasyonlarını etkinlik ve tolerabilite açısından

kıyaslayacak çalışmaların yapılmasıyla, KML tedavisinde en uygun tedavi

seçeneğinin belirlenebileceği düşünüldü.
Information Literacy and Instruction: Reference Consultations and Student Success Outcomes
Authors: Miller Robin E.
Published: October 2018

Librarians have offered personal help in the form of reference for well over a century,1 increasingly using technology of one sort or another. During much of that period, reference service was often just that—a “service” where librarians would serve up information and answers to questions from users. Thanks to the proliferation of powerful technologies, however, many individuals now attempt to seek information on their own first, in a vast morass of websites, social media, apps, blogs, wikis (including Wikipedia), videos, podcasts, and more, all vying for eyeballs. When overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information available, and unable to sort through it all to find valid, reliable information, some turn to librarians for help. It is more and more common that assistance takes the form of helping people learn how to learn for themselves, rather than simply providing answers.
Reflexões sobre a política nacional de formação de professores a distância e o enfraquecimento da EaD pública pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB)
Authors: Arruda Eucidio Pimenta
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a nova política de formação de professores implementada pelo Ministério da Educação em 2017, a opção pela Educação a Distância (EaD) como fomentadora da formação inicial de professores e de que forma essas escolhas reverberam no enfraquecimento da Educação a Distância pública por meio da continuidade do programa educacional denominado sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). Apresentamos análises acerca da situação em que se encontra o campo profissional da docência, bem como problematizamos a pouca necessidade de se formar mais profissionais por meio de programas específicos, sem que hajam políticas de fortalecimento profissional da categoria. Por fim, problematizamos como a manutenção da UAB é responsável por fragilizar e dificultar o desenvolvimento e consolidação da EaD como modalidade regular do ponto de vista acadêmico e financeiro nas instituições públicas federais de ensino superior. Por fim, indicamos o fim do programa UAB como condição necessária para que se possa desenvolver uma EaD pública em condições semelhantes à educação presencial.
Da história dos índios às histórias indígenas: descolonizando o ensino de história
Authors: Carie Nayara Silva de , Lima Pablo Luiz De Oliveira
Published: October 2018

A partir de uma problematização das representações sobre os povos indígenas presentes em coleções didáticas utilizadas no ensino de História, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o lugar social de produção do conhecimento sobre a história dos índios. Questiona-se a hegemonia de narrativas sobre história indígena, de caráter colonialista e construída a partir de versões não-indígenas, presentes nos livros didáticos de História. Ao lado disso, são valorizadas pesquisas e produções bibliográficas mais atualizadas, que buscam compreender o processo colonial por meio de versões indígenas, não somente a partir do campo da História, mas, também, dos campos da Arqueologia, da Etnologia e da Literatura de autoria indígena. A metodologia de pesquisa consistiu no levantamento e na análise crítica de estudos acadêmicos recentes nos campos da História e da educação indígena, assim como das narrativas que abordam histórias indígenas presentes nas coleções didáticas do segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional de Livros Didáticos do ano de 2017 (PNLD/2017). Por meio da crítica a uma história colonialista dos povos indígenas são apontados caminhos para a sua superação, utilizando pesquisas e narrativas construídas a partir das perspectivas dos próprios índios. Desse modo, pretende-se contribuir com a formação de professores nos cursos de Licenciatura em História, Pedagogia, Educação do Campo e Educação Indígena.
Avaliação em larga escala e educação inclusiva: os lugares do aluno da Educação Especial
Authors: Rebelo Andressa Santos , Kassar Mônica De Carvalho Magalhães
Published: October 2018

O Ministério da Educação vem utilizando um sistema avaliativo com intuito de qualificar a educação nacional e oferecer subsídios para a formulação, reformulação e monitoramento das políticas educacionais.  Os alunos da educação especial podem participar do processo avaliativo desde que se enquadrem na população-alvo avaliada (idade e série) e estejam devidamente registrados no Censo Escolar. Como forma de contextualizar mudanças adotadas nessas provas a partir de 2010, neste artigo objetiva-se analisar o “espaço” que os alunos público-alvo da educação especial encontram em documentos que tratam do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica (Saeb) e do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. Para sua elaboração foram analisados documentos orientadores e relatórios do governo federal sobre essas avaliações. Conclui-se que há o crescimento constante da participação dessa população nas provas e a tentativa de adequação, a cada ano, de oferecimento de atendimento especializado para sua realização. O presente estudo pode nos trazer pistas sobre os moldes dessas avaliações que passam a ser propostos a uma parcela da população brasileira, que apesar dos importantes avanços em números de matrículas na Educação Básica, ainda não tem sua escolarização obrigatória universalizada.
Variaciones del documental cinematográfico agrario sobre el olivo en la España franquista: del marqués de Villa Alcázar al No-Do = Variations of the agrarian documentary film in Francoist Spain: From Marqués de Villa Alcázar to the No-Do
Authors: Poyato Sánchez Pedro
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En el siglo XX fructificó una producción cinematográfica de documentales agrarios sobre el olivar en la que, junto a hilos protagónicos más o menos comunes –plantación del olivo, recogida de la aceituna, extracción y almacenamiento del aceite….-, coexistían otros –juegos visuales propiciados por los troncos nudosos del olivo, toques religiosos emanados de las aplicaciones del aceite, eventos vinculados a la fiesta del remate…- que, más allá de atender a la dimensión didáctica, introducían componentes políticas o culturales, potenciando así el tejido discursivo del documental. Este trabajo pasa a revista a una serie de esos documentales, entre ellos varios dirigidos por el marqués de Villa Alcázar y una producción del No-Do de 1952, para dar cuenta, a partir de un análisis comparativo de los mismos, de esos hilos anteriores y de su entrecruzamiento con el fin de sacar a la luz las texturas que definen los discursos cinematográficos correspondientes. Abstract: The 20th century saw the rise of film productions of agrarian documentaires upon on the olive grove that, besides common major themes -olive planting and harvest, oil extraction and storage- portrayed other visual elements favored by the knurled trunks of the olive tree, the religious touches derived from the oil applications, or events linked to the festivity that marked the end of the harvest period. Elements, in all, that rather than addressing to the didactic dimension, introduced cultural and political aspects, thus fostering the discursive structure of the documentary itself. The present paper revisits a series of documentaries of that particular genre, some of them directed by the Marqués de Villa Alcázar, and a 1952 No-Do´s production, to deliver, starting from a comparative analysis of these works, of previous examples and their intersection, whith the aim of revealing the textures that define the underlying cinematographic discourses.
Foster Fact Fluency with Number String Discussions
Authors: Bray Wendy S. , Maldonado Luz A.
Published: October 2018

Talking about a structured series or string of basic fact problems is a strategy that presents collaborative opportunities for students to explore relationships among related reasoning strategies.
Je e(s)t un Autre - Philosophie et Esthétiques du dédoublement
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves
Published: October 2018

Vouloir étudier les notions de double et de dédoublement, c’est tenter de
repenser la notion d’identité. C’est chercher à saisir la constitution de la
subjectivité et de la personne dans le rapport du Je et de l’autre, c’est chercher à
penser leur rapport : pas simplement de l’autre en tant que autrui mais de l’autre
en tant que autre du Je. Et cela à différents niveaux autant philosophique, que
politique et psychologique. Au point de vue philosophique et plus encore
épistémologique, notre intention serait de redéfinir la notion de « sujet » pour
sortir du point de vue classique en s’aidant notamment des concepts propres au champ
de la physique quantique. Il faudrait penser une figure de la subjectivité
n’impliquant pas nécessairement l’identité à soi.
La revitalisation des langues amérindiennes en Amérique latine
Authors: Lavorel Sabine
Published: October 2018

Ces dernières années, différentes évolutions en faveur des langues amérindiennes se sont fait jour dans les législations latino-américaines. Ces réformes sont révélatrices de l’attention portée par les États latino-américains à la préservation des langues parlées par une part significative de leur population, mais désormais menacées de disparition. L’objet de cette contribution est donc d’analyser la portée effective de ces évolutions juridiques récentes et de s’interroger sur la nature et l’étendue des droits reconnus aux peuples amérindiens en matière linguistique. À l’évidence, ces législations linguistiques reflètent la volonté politique d’inscrire l’identité (les identités) des sociétés latino-américaines dans le droit. Émerge ainsi un « droit démotique » révélateur d’une redéfinition du pacte social fondé sur une meilleure reconnaissance des différences culturelles et identitaires qui traversent les populations nationales. Ces évolutions traduisent également une meilleure mise en œuvre des textes internationaux relatifs aux droits des peuples autochtones. Pour autant, force est de constater que parmi les mesures étudiées, rares sont celles accordant de véritables droits linguistiques substantiels.
Bifurcations conjugales, remises en couple et place de l’enfant : donner du temps au temps, pour inventer d’autres configurations familiales
Authors: Négroni Catherine
Published: October 2018

Cadre de la recherche : De nombreux travaux se sont intéressés à la complexité des familles recomposées ; cependant, on compte moins de recherches qualitatives sur les bifurcations conjugales et les configurations familiales post-rupture visant à éclairer l’incidence des enfants dans la remise en couple des parents.

Objectifs : Le présent article interroge les temporalités recomposées et, plus particulièrement, les temps synchrones et asynchrones des rôles parentaux et conjugaux, comment la famille se défait et se recompose à travers le rôle et la place de l’enfant dans les remises en couples.

Méthodologie : L’enquête qualitative a été réalisée dans une ville moyenne de France, auprès d’hommes et de femmes en situation de post-rupture. Nous avons recueilli trente récits de vie, soit seize récits de femmes, onze récits d’hommes et trois entretiens de personnes en couple homoparental.

Résultats : Nos principaux résultats font état de parcours de remise en couple assez différenciés, en regard du capital économique et social acquis, de la catégorie socio-professionnelle, du genre, mais aussi en fonction de la place et de l’âge des enfants. Les remises en couple sont genrées. Les temps de remise en couple sont plus longs pour les femmes lorsqu’elles ont la garde principale des enfants. L’âge à la séparation est apparu déterminant dans les parcours de remise en couple des femmes.

Conclusions : Ce travail questionne la parentalité en regard de la remise en couple : comment le couple parental continue-t-il d’exister en dépit de la cessation du couple conjugal ?

Contribution : Dans une approche qualitative, cette étude analyse les reconfigurations familiales post-rupture et montre que la parentalité vient entrechoquer la conjugalité dans des configurations familiales constamment renégociées.
Y avait-il un père ? Paternité et relations de couple dans les affaires de néonaticides
Authors: Simmat-Durand Laurence
Published: October 2018

Cadre de la recherche : Les affaires de néonaticide sont essentiellement connues au travers de la procédure judiciaire qui garde une approche très traditionnelle d’un crime exclusivement féminin et qui ne met en cause que la mère.

Objectifs : Le présent article s’attache à analyser ce qui est décrit de l’attitude du partenaire de la mère vis-à-vis de la paternité, et ce faisant les relations de couple qui y sont attachées.

Méthodologie : À partir de 2306 articles de presse décrivant 357 néonaticides suspectés en France de 1993 à 2012, une analyse thématique a été réalisée, utilisant toutes les mentions au père de l’enfant.

Résultats : Trois grandes tendances ont été mises en exergue : l’homme qui a conçu cet enfant, soit n’est pas envisagé dans ce rôle de père, car il est écarté de la paternité par la mère ou par la justice, soit ne veut pas être père, soit veut être père, mais en est empêché par la mère.

Conclusions : Contrairement à la littérature sur la parentalité aujourd’hui, les affaires de néonaticide mettent en scène une vision stéréotypée où la mère est seule à répondre du désir d’enfant. Ainsi, lors des poursuites judiciaires pour néonaticide, la présence du père est déniée, refusée, que le désir paternel existe ou non.

Contribution : Cet article fait le point sur l’existence donnée au père dans le contexte des poursuites judiciaires des mères à partir d’un corpus de presse concernant 141 mères ayant été poursuivies pour nénonaticide.
« Voyages des racines »1 et mémoire de la Heimat2 perdue dans la littérature allemande post-unification
Authors: Perron Catherine
Published: October 2018

Considérant d’une part le décalage entre le temps politique et les processus mémoriels, et d’autre part la remise en question des rapports entre les politiques officielles de la mémoire et les représentations ordinaires du passé, cet article analysera l’émergence ou non dans la société allemande d’une mémoire desHeimatperdues. Il s’agit d’un type de mémoire qui est propice aux échanges avec les voisins, favorise la compréhension mutuelle et contribue à la réappropriation d’un passé partagé, conduisant ainsi à un regard plus favorable vers un avenir européen commun. Basé sur un corpus d’oeuvres littéraires contemporaines traitant des voyages patrimoniaux dans les territoires d’où les Allemands ont été expulsés après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, cet article vise à étudier les récits de traversée des frontières et de (re)découverte de laHeimatperdue à l’Est. Il propose d’examiner les représentations de l’espace véhiculées par ces récits, et leur rapport aux récits plus anciens tels que ceux de fuite et d’expulsion. L’hypothèse qui se dégage de cet article est que, malgré une histoire partagée de violence, la confrontation active d’uneHeimatperdue avec la réalité d’aujourd’hui renforce la capacité de surmonter une construction auto-centrée de la mémoire et des souffrances endurées par les Allemands pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En conséquence, il devient possible de reconsidérer la complexité des événements et d’aller au-delà d’une vérité régionale limitée, en les inscrivant ainsi dans un cadre historique plus large.
Cartographie des zones potentielles de recharge de la nappe de Bonoua (sud-est de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Ake Gabriel Etienne , Kouame Kan Jean , Koffi Affoué Bénédicte , Jourda Jean Patrice
Published: October 2018

Ce travail a pour objectif de déterminer les zones favorables à la recharge de la nappe de Bonoua par approche cartographique et système d’information géographique (SIG). La détermination de ces zones potentielles de recharge de la nappe a nécessité le croisement des informations spatiales relatives aux différents paramètres régissant la recharge qui sont exprimés en cartes thématiques. Une reclassification suivie d’une pondération de ces paramètres a été faite selon leur degré d’implication dans le processus de recharge par l’analyse multicritère Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) de Saaty. Ils sont par la suite intégrés dans un SIG afin d’établir la carte des zones potentielles de recharge de la nappe. L’analyse de cette carte a révélé cinq classes, dont une classe de bonne recharge couvrant 66 % de la zone étudiée. Celle-ci est localisée en majorité dans la partie centrale de la nappe, précisément dans le Continental Terminal, constitué principalement de sables grossiers avec des pentes relativement faibles où le sol est occupé par des cultures industrielles. Les zones de faible recharge (34 % de la zone étudiée) sont localisées sur les bordures ouest et est de la zone d’étude sur les sols hydromorphes. Cette carte de répartition spatiale de la recharge peut être considérée comme un support d’aide à la décision, notamment pour la gestion de la ressource en eau et l’analyse de la vulnérabilité des eaux souterraines. Les zones de recharge préférentielle méritent une attention particulière des autorités par l’instauration de mesures de protection.
À propos du Chili et de l'évolution du roman. Entretien avec Roberto Gac
Authors: Wallace David
Published: October 2018

Dans le monde de la littérature, le Chili est reconnu surtout par ses poètes (Gabriela Mistral et Pablo Neruda, tous deux prix Nobel). Ses romanciers, en dehors de Roberto Bolaño, n'ont jamais atteint le même niveau de prestige. Il y a également une lignée d'écrivains d'avant-garde qui va de Vicente Huidobro dans les années 30 (son œuvre, à l'époque réputée en France et en Espagne, est en partie écrite en français), jusqu'à Jean Emar, Juan-Agustín Palazuelos et Mauricio Wacquez, pendant la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle. Dans cet entretien David Wallace, professeur de littérature à l'Université du Chili, donne, à travers ses questions, un aperçu de l'évolution de la narrative chilienne en particulier et de la narrative hispanique en générale, tout en laissant ouverte la question du roman comme genre littéraire face aux nouvelles technologies et à l'invention de l'écriture électronique.
La figure de l’enseignant intellectuel chez Hannah Arendt
Authors: Bourgeois Pascale , Robichaud Arianne
Published: October 2018

Cet article vise à contraster le modèle que nous qualifions d’« enseignant intellectuel », tel que développé par Hannah Arendt dansLa Crise de l’éducation(1958), aux figures enseignantes découlant des programmes éducatifs québécois des années 1960-1970, 1980-1990 et 2000. Comment l’enseignant intellectuel arendtien se mesure-t-il aux présupposés philosophiques de ces programmes et des modèles du maître qu’ils ont sous-tendus ou explicitement proposés ? CommentLa Crise de l’éducationnous permet-il d’analyser, de façon critique, les modèles de l’enseignant-accompagnateur du Rapport Parent de 1963, de l’enseignant-technicien des programmes de 1980 et de l’enseignant professionnel du renouveau pédagogique des années 2000 ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions aux fondements de cet article, dont l’objectif principal est d’actualiser la force de la pensée arendtienne pour une analyse philosophico-historique du statut et du rôle de l’enseignant québécois.
How to assess species distribution model accuracy: using internal-aspatial or external-spatial methods?
Authors: Mi Chunrong , Huettmann Falk , Guo Yumin
Published: October 2018

Species distribution models (SDMs) have become an increasingly important tool in ecology, biogeography, evolution and, more recently, in conservation management, landscape planning and climate change research. The assessment of their predictive accuracy is one fundamental issue in the development and application of SDMs. Accuracy assessments for models should have a close connection to the intended use of the model. However, we found that the common evaluation method (we named internal-aspatial) usually ignored how the spatial prediction map actually looks like, and achieves for the real-world species distribution and for application. Therefore, in this research we proposed a spatial method to evaluate model performance by assessing how the prediction maps look like (we named external-spatial). We took Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) as a case, in this research, to compare these two methods (internal-aspatial and external-spatial) performance. Both of the two methods were expressed with three commonly used SDM evaluation criteria (AUC, Kappa and TSS). In addition, model accuracy was also assessed via evaluating the prediction maps with knowledge of the study species and alternative occurrence data assistance. We used two popular data mining algorithms (Random Forest and TreeNet) and ran 8 experiments using 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 21, 29 and 78 predictors, allowing to develop overall 16 models for this assessment. Results indicated that AUC had a significant linear relationshi­­­p with Kappa and TSS. Both of interal-aspatial and external-spatial methods could get higher AUC values and they were close. This indicated that internal-aspatial model assessments can serve as powerful assessment-aspatiual metrics without the need of secondary data even! However, internal-aspatial, external-spatial, prediction map evaluation and alternative occurrence data could not distinguish well models with different sets of predictors. This is the first time the concept of spatial assessment criteria is expressed and assessed. Overall, we hope to see more study on meaningful spatial criteria and proposed more and better methods to evaluate SDMs and distribution map in the future.
Description and classification of bivalve mollusks hemocytes: a computational approach
Authors: Karetin Yuri A , Kalitnik Aleksandra A , Safonova Alina E , Cicinskas Eduardas
Published: October 2018

The fractal formalism in combination with linear image analysis enables statistically significant description and classification of “irregular” (in terms of Euclidean geometry) shapes, such as, outlines of in vitro flattened cells. We developed an optimal model for classifying bivalve Spisula sachalinensis and Callista brevisiphonata immune cells, based on evaluating their linear and non-linear morphological features: dimensional characteristics (area, perimeter), various parameters of cell bounding circle, convex hull, cell symmetry, roundness, and a number of fractal dimensions and lacunarities evaluating the spatial complexity of cells. Proposed classification model is based on Ward’s clustering method, loaded with highest multimodality index factors. This classification scheme groups cells into three morphological types, which can be distinguished both visually and by several linear and quasi-fractal parameters.
Fecal microbiota transplantation research output from 2004 to 2017: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Zou Ziyuan , Huang Yushan , Bian Xiaohui , Wang Yanru , Yang Chen , Zhao Jiao , Xie Lang
Published: October 2018

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapy against Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the therapy has gained prominence, there has been no bibliometric analysis of FMT. Methods: Studies published from 2004 to 2017 were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded. Bibliometric analysis were used to evaluate the number or cooperation of publications, countries, citations, references, journals, authors, institutions and keywords. Results: A total of 796 items were included, showing an increasing trend annually. Publications mainly came from 10 countries, led by the US (n = 363). In the top 100 articles ranked by the number of citations (range 47-1158), American Journal of Gastroenterology (2017 IF = 10.231) took the top spot. The co-citation network had 7 co-citation clusters headed by ‘recurrent Clostridium difficile infection’. The top 7 keywords with the strongest citation bursts had three parts, ‘microbiota’, ‘ diarrhea ’, and ‘case series’. All keywords were divided into four domains, ‘disease’, ‘nosogenesis’, ‘trial’, and ‘therapy’. Conclusions: This study shows the research performance of FMT from 2004 to 2017 and helps investigators master the trend of FMT, which is also an ongoing hotspot of research.
Persistent phylogeographic structure of an emerging virus on a homogeneous landscape
Authors: Musial Trieste , Duke-Sylvester Scott , Davis Rolan , Biek Roman , Real Leslie A.
Published: October 2018

Landscape composition and structure influence animal movement, which in turn can affect transmission of their diseases. Spatio-temporal variation in host diffusion, caused by landscape heterogeneity, is thus expected to generate corresponding phylogeographic patterns in the pathogen. However, establishing causative links between genetic structure in pathogen populations and environmental variation does require appropriate null models. Here, we present an empirical example of the emergence and multi-decade persistence of phylogeographic structure on a homogeneous landscape in a rapidly diversifying pathogen in the absence of any apparent landscape heterogeneity. By applying phylogeographic inference to 173 sequences of a raccoon-specific strain of rabies virus, we reconstruct patterns of the virus’ evolution and diffusion on the Florida peninsula, USA, from its first emergence in the 1940’s to the present. Consistent with a lack of significant landscape heterogeneity relevant to raccoon movement in Florida, we found that the speed of rabies virus diffusion was spatially homogeneous across the peninsula. In contrast, we document the emergence of strong phylogeographic structure in the virus, in the form of five monophyletic lineages that diverged during the early years of colonization and now each occupy a distinct sub-region of Florida. Based on samples taken over multiple decades, we show that the spatial distribution of these lineages has changed little over the past four decades. This phylogeographic stability allowed us to retrospectively identify a small set of counties within Florida as the likely source of the virus strain that seeded a much larger rabies outbreak in the northeastern USA in the 1970s. Our results provide a rare empirical demonstration that spatial genetic structure can arise and be maintained in the absence of landscape heterogeneity, which has wider implications for the interpretation of phylogeographic data and the reconstruction of historical colonization patterns from molecular data.
Temporal differentiation in environmental niche modeling of Nearctic narrow-winged damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: Sandall Emily L , Deans Andrew R
Published: October 2018

Narrow-winged damselflies (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) can be observed in a variety of habitats, by both professional collectors and amateur odonatologists. Their abundance and ease of recognition has resulted in a large amount of occurrence data, which can be used to establish species distribution maps through environmental niche modeling. Distributional models often aim to maximize the quantity of occurrence points and environmental variables to relate to the distribution, neglecting both the quality and overlap of these two datasets when generating the models. In order to examine the effects of temporal data and environmental variables influencing change in species distributions, we used occurrence data for twelve species of Coenagrionidae damselflies to generate niche models separated by time periods of specimen collection. Our study examines environmental niche models generated for four time periods for each of these coenagrionid species: Amphiagrion abbreivatum (Selys,1876), Enallagma civile (Hagen,1861), Chromagrion conditum (Hagen in Selys, 1876), Nehalennia gracilis Morse, 1895, Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863), Hesperagrion heterodoxum (Selys, 1868), Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861), Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861), Ischnura ramburii (Selys, 1850), Argia tibialis (Rambur, 1842), Argia translata Hagen in Selys, 1865, and Argia vivida Hagen in Selys, 1865. The best supported models in each analysis were generated with occurrences of specimens collected from the 1970s to 2000s, and we used occurrence data outside of this range, from the 1800s to 2017, to compare the consistency of model predictions based on specimens of different time periods. In this approach, combining traditional environmental niche modeling and analysis of the specimen records themselves, we have found that ranges for narrow-winged damselflies expand over time, with increase in distributional coverage and decrease in model strength without temporal overlap between occurrences and environmental variables.
Interpreting character variation in turtles: Araripemys barretoi (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) from the Araripe Basin, Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Limaverde Saulo , Pêgas Rodrigo Vargas , Damasceno Rafael , Villa Chiara , Oliveira Gustavo , Bonde Niels , Leal Maria E. C.
Published: October 2018

The Araripe Basin (Northeastern Brazil) has yielded a rich Cretaceous fossil fauna of both vertebrates and invertebrates found mainly in the Crato and Romualdo Formations, of Aptian and Albian ages respectively. Among the vertebrates, the turtles were proved quite diverse, with several specimens retrieved and five valid species described to this date for the Romualdo Fm. There were also records of turtles from Ipubi and Crato Fms., mainly fragmentary material which precluded proper specific identification; however, Araripemys barretoi is supposed to occur on both Crato and Romualdo Fms. Here we describe thirteen specimens of A. barretoi - including the first description of an almost complete individual, bearing a skull, from the Crato Fm. We report a great amount of morphological variation, interpreted as being essentially of intraspecific nature, including individual, sexual and ontogenetic variation.
Appetitive reversal learning differences of two honey bee subspecies with different foraging behaviors
Authors: Pérez Claudio Eddie , Rodriguez-Cruz Yoselyn , Arslan Okan Can , Giray Tugrul , Agosto Rivera José Luis , Kence Meral , Wells Harrington , Abramson Charles Ira
Published: October 2018

We aimed to examine mechanistically the observed foraging differences across two honey bee, Apis mellifera, subspecies using the Proboscis Extension Response (PER) assay. Specifically, we compared differences in appetitive reversal learning ability between honey bee subspecies:Apis mellifera caucasica(Pollman), andApis mellifera syriaca(Skorikov) in a “common garden” apiary. It was hypothesized that specific learning differences could explain previously observed foraging behavior differences of these subspecies: A.m. caucasica switches between different flower color morphs in response to reward variability, and A.m. syriaca does not switch. We suggest that flower constancy allows reduced exposure by minimizing search and handling time, whereas plasticity is important when maximizing harvest in preparation for long winter is at a premium. In the initial or Acquisition phase of the test we examined specifically discrimination learning, where bees were trained to respond to a paired conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and not to respond to a second conditioned stimulus that is not followed by an unconditioned stimulus. We found no significant differences among the subspecies in the Acquisition phase in appetitive learning. During the second, Reversal phase of the experiment, where flexibility in association was tested, the paired and unpaired conditioned stimuli were reversed. During the Reversal phaseA. mellifera syriacashowed a reduced ability to learn the reverse association in the appetitive learning task. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that A.m. syriaca foragers cannot change the foraging choice because of lack of flexibility in appetitive associations under changing contingencies. Interestingly, both subspecies continued responding to the previously rewarded conditioned stimulus in the reversal phase. We discuss potential ecological correlates and molecular underpinnings of these differences in learning across the two subspecies. In addition, in a supplemental experiment we demonstrated that these differences in appetitive reversal learning do not occur in other learning contexts.
Residue management alters microbial diversity and activity without affecting their community composition in black soil, Northeast China
Authors: Gu Siyu , Guo Xingjun , Cai Yuetong , Zhang Zehui , Wu Shuai , Li Xin , Zhang Huihui , Yang Wei
Published: October 2018

Residue management is an important agricultural practice for improving soil fertility. To reveal the impact of residue management on soil microbial community, we conducted a field experiment with three treatments: no straw returning (control, CK), straw returning (SR), and straw returning combined with cow manure (SM). Our results indicated that soil organic matter content was significantly higher in SR treatment than CK in both seedling and jointing stages. In seedling stage, the lowest total nitrogen content was observed in CK treatment, and significantly lower than that in SM and SR treatment. Furthermore, soil available phosphorus content was significantly higher in SM and SR treatment than CK in jointing stage. In the seedling stage, the soil microbial average wellcolor development (AWCD) value, microbial McIntosh index, and Shannon index of CK and SM treatments were significantly higher than those in SR treatment. The AWCD value and McIntosh index in the jointing stage showed similar patterns: SM > CK > SR. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that soil microbial community was significantly affected by growth stage, but unaffected by residue management. The partial Mantel test revealed that the available potassium and the C/N ratio had independent effects on soil microbial community. Overall, our results indicated that straw returning combined with cow manure had a beneficial effect on soil fertility, microbial activity and diversity.
Social and Environmental Reporting and the Co-creation of Corporate Legitimacy
Authors: Bhattacharyya Asit , Agbola Frank Wogbe
Published: October 2018

This paper extends the legitimacy theory by empirically investigating the extent and context of social, environmental and total voluntary non-financial disclosures across industries. The study uses 312 annual reports of publicly listed Indian companies for the accounting years 2006, 2012 and 2014. We follow a Multivariate Ordinary Least Squares (MOLS) modelling framework to test the hypotheses. Our empirical results indicate that the decision to provide voluntary non-financial disclosure is positively related to a firm’s age, profitability, industrial category and leverage. Our results further indicate that, contrary to legitimacy theory, the decision to provide social and environmental non-financial disclosures by sampled publicly listed companies is found to correlate negatively with consumer proximity, leverage and industrial transport industry membership. Our results add new empirical evidence to support the view that non-financial disclosure by companies is influenced by country-specific characteristics within which the firm operates. Future research could extend the study to other emerging countries and include data from unlisted companies to validate our findings.

To cite this document: Asit Bhattacharyya and Frank Wogbe Agbola, "Social and Environmental Reporting and the Co-creation of Corporate Legitimacy", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 191-223, 2018.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18247
Boundary Work
Authors: Carlson Matt
Published: October 2018

Boundary work describes the active process by various actors to define and delimit the contours of legitimate journalism. It stems from a sociological approach to the production of systematic knowledge that eschews an essentialist approach to knowledge or truth to instead accentuate ongoing discursive and material processes that construct and reshape what is deemed acceptable. The value of boundary work for journalism is clear in the constant questions surrounding what counts as journalism or who is a journalist. This entry considers a typology of journalistic boundary work built around Thomas Gieryn's three categories of expulsion, expansion, and protection of anonymity. It then confronts the particular usefulness of boundary work in response to digital media, and the opportunities and challenges facing future conceptual and theoretical development.
Hyperlinks and Linking Practice
Authors: Karlsson Michael , Sjøvaag Helle
Published: October 2018

Hyperlinks can be viewed as the backbone of the relationships and hierarchies in a digital information ecosystem of which journalism is one social institution among many others. As a tool in everyday journalistic practice, hyperlinks have generally been understood as having citational and commercial functions with the potential to both support and threaten journalism. Scholarly ways of approaching hyperlinks started out with traditionally available methods like interviews, surveys, and content analyses but have since moved on to network analyses and computer‐assisted content analyses. With recent developments in journalism practice and studies, and with an increased emphasis on sharing, networks, and media ecologies, hyperlinks are likely to increase in importance.
Stable, Efficient Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by (α, δ)‐CsPbI3 Phase Engineering
Authors: Han Boning , Cai Bo , Shan Qingsong , Song Jizhong , Li Jianhai , Zhang Fengjuan , Chen Jiawei , Fang Tao , Ji Qingmin , Xu Xiaobao , Zeng Haibo
Published: October 2018

Recently, inorganic cesium–lead halide perovskites with high thermal stability have attracted much attention as promising light‐emitting material for research of perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) toward high‐definition displays. However, the CsPbI3‐based red PeLEDs still suffer low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor device stability due to the spontaneous phase transition from cubic CsPbI3 (α‐CsPbI3) to nonradiative orthorhombic phase (δ‐CsPbI3) under ambient conditions. Here, a feasible approach is reported on phase engineering by incorporating the long‐chain cation (e.g., 2‐(naphthalene‐1‐yl)ethanamine (NEA)) in CsPbI3 for stable and high‐performance CsPbI3‐based red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). A high EQE of 8.65% is successfully achieved for the characteristic red emission at ≈682 nm representing the highest value among Cs‐based red PeLEDs up to now. More importantly, the corresponding PeLEDs exhibit outstanding stability with EQE retaining 90% after 3 months of storage. These results verify the potential of using cesium‐based inorganic perovskite as viable alternatives to methylammonium (MA)‐ or formamidinium (FA)‐based perovskite for desirable practical applications.
A MoSe2/WSe2 Heterojunction‐Based Photodetector at Telecommunication Wavelengths
Authors: Xue Hui , Wang Yadong , Dai Yunyun , Kim Wonjae , Jussila Henri , Qi Mei , Susoma Jannatul , Ren Zhaoyu , Dai Qing , Zhao Jianlin , Halonen Kari , Lipsanen Harri , Wang Xiaomu , Gan Xuetao , Sun Zhipei
Published: October 2018

van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions enable arbitrary combinations of different layered semiconductors with unique band structures, offering distinctive band engineering for photonic and optoelectronic devices with new functionalities and superior performance. Here, an interlayer photoresponse of a few‐layer MoSe2/WSe2 vdW heterojunction is reported. With proper electrical gating and bias, the heterojunction exhibits high‐sensitivity photodetection with the operation wavelength extended up to the telecommunication band (i.e. 1550 nm). The photoresponsivity and normalized photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratio reach up to 127 mA W−1 and 1.9 × 104 mW−1, respectively. The results not only provide a promising solution to realize high‐performance vdW telecommunication band photodetectors, but also pave the way for using sub‐bandgap engineering of two‐dimensional layered materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Optoelectronic Synapse Based on IGZO‐Alkylated Graphene Oxide Hybrid Structure
Authors: Sun Jia , Oh Seyong , Choi Yongsuk , Seo Seunghwan , Oh Min Jun , Lee Minhwan , Lee Won Bo , Yoo Pil J. , Cho Jeong Ho , Park Jin‐Hong
Published: October 2018

Recently, research interest in brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing based on robust and intelligent artificial neural networks has surged owing to the ability of such technology to facilitate massive parallel, low‐power, highly adaptive, and event‐driven computing. Here, a photosynaptic device with a novel weight updating mechanism for high‐speed and low‐power optoelectronic spike processing is proposed, wherein a synaptic weight is controlled by a mixed spike consisting of voltage and light spikes; the light spike, in particular, boosts up the probability of electron detrapping from graphene oxide charge‐trapping layer to the photosensitive indium–gallium–zinc oxide charge‐transporting layer. Compared to electrically operating synaptic device, the magnitude of conductance change in the proposed photosynaptic device increases remarkably from 2.32 to 5.95 nS without degradation of the nonlinearity (potentiation/depression values are changed from 4.24/8 to 5/8). Owing to this enhancement of synaptic operation, the recognition rates for the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology digit patterns improve from 36% and 49% to 50% and 62% in artificial neural networks using long‐term potentiation/depression characteristics with 20 and 100 weight states, respectively. The proposed photosynaptic device technology capable of optoelectronic spike processing is expected to play a crucial role in the implementation of neuromorphic computing in the future.
Supramolecular Nanofibers of Drug‐Peptide Amphiphile and Affibody Suppress HER2+ Tumor Growth
Authors: Liang Chunhui , Zhang Lushuai , Zhao Wene , Xu Linlin , Chen Yaoxia , Long Jiafu , Wang Fuqiang , Wang Ling , Yang Zhimou
Published: October 2018

Antibody‐based medicines and nanomedicines are very promising for cancer therapy due to the high specificity and efficacy of antibodies. However, antibody‐drug conjugates and antibody‐modified nanomaterials frequently suffer from low drug loading and loss of functions due to the covalent modification of the antibody. A novel and versatile strategy to prepare supramolecular nanomaterials by the coassembly of an affibody (antiHER2) and drug‐peptide amphiphiles is reported here. During the enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly process, the drug‐peptide amphiphile can coassemble with the affibody, resulting in supramolecular nanofibers in hydrogels. The drug loading in the supramolecular nanofibers is high (>30 wt%), and the stability of antiHER2 is significantly improved in the nanofibers at 37 °C (>15 d in vitro). The supramolecular nanofibers exhibit high affinity for HER2+ cancer cells and can be efficiently taken up by these cells. In a mouse tumor model, the supramolecular nanofibers abolish HER2+ NCI‐N87 tumor growth due to the good accumulation and retention of nanofibers in tumor. This study provides a novel strategy to prepare nanomedicines with high drug loading and high specificity.
C‐Plasma of Hierarchical Graphene Survives SnS Bundles for Ultrastable and High Volumetric Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chao Dongliang , Ouyang Bo , Liang Pei , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Jia Guichong , Huang Hui , Xia Xinhui , Rawat Rajdeep Singh , Fan Hong Jin
Published: October 2018

Tin and its derivatives have provoked tremendous progress of high‐capacity sodium‐ion anode materials. However, achieving high areal and volumetric capability with maintained long‐term stability in a single electrode remains challenging. Here, an elegant and versatile strategy is developed to significantly extend the lifespan and rate capability of tin sulfide nanobelt electrodes while maintaining high areal and volumetric capacities. In this strategy, in situ bundles of robust hierarchical graphene (hG) are grown uniformly on tin sulfide nanobelt networks through a rapid (5 min) carbon‐plasma method with sustainable oil as the carbon source and the partially reduced Sn as the catalyst. The nucleation of graphene, CN (with size N ranging from 1 to 24), on the Sn(111) surface is systematically explored using density functional theory calculations. It is demonstrated that this chemical‐bonded hG strategy is powerful in enhancing overall electrochemical performance.