bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with unipolar charge injection
Authors: Wang Rujing , Wang Ting , Kang Zhihui , Zhang Han , Yu Rongmei , Ji Wenyu
Published: April 2022

The exfoliation between the electrode film and the adjacent functional layer is still a big challenge for the flexible light emitting diodes, especially for the devices dependent on the direct charge injection from the electrodes. To address this issue, we design a flexible quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with a charge-generation layer (CGL) on the bottom electrode as the electron supplier. The CGL consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/ZnO can provide sufficient electron injection into the QDs, enabling a balanced charge injection. As a result, the CGL-based QLED exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency 18.6%, over 25% enhancement in comparison with the device with ZnO as the electron transport layer. Moreover, the residual electrons in the ZnO can be pulled back to the PEDOT:PSS/ZnO interface by the storage holes in the CGL, which are released and accelerates the electron injection during the next driving voltage pulse, hence improving the electroluminescence response speed of the QLEDs.
Effect of choices of boundary conditions on the numerical efficiency of direct solutions of finite difference frequency domain systems with perfectly matched layers
Authors: Zhao Nathan Z. , Fan Shanhui
Published: April 2022

Direct solvers are a common method for solving finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) systems that arise in numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations. In a direct solver, one factorizes the system matrix. Since the system matrix is typically very sparse, the fill-in of these factors is the single most important computational consideration in terms of time complexity and memory requirements. As a result, it is of great interest to determine ways in which this fill-in can be systematically reduced. In this paper, we show that in the context of commonly used perfectly matched boundary layer methods, the choice of boundary condition behind the perfectly matched boundary layer can be exploited to reduce fill-in incurred during the factorization, leading to significant gains of up to 40% in the efficiency of the factorization procedure. We illustrate our findings by solving linear systems and eigenvalue problems associated with the FDFD method.
Dense-pattern multi-pass cavity based on spherical mirrors in a Z-shaped configuration for Raman gas sensing
Authors: Wang Pinyi , Chen Weigen , Wang Jianxin , Lu Yongkang , Tang Zijie , Wan Fu
Published: April 2022

We report a dense-pattern multi-pass cavity (MPC) based on four spherical mirrors placed in a Z-shaped cavity configuration for improving the Raman signals from gases. The folding structure of the cavity causes dense patterns of spots, and at least 420 beams are reflected in the cavity. Raman spectra of ambient air, methane, and ethylene are recorded to demonstrate the performance of our apparatus. At atmospheric pressure, ppm-level detection limits of the gases are achieved with 10 s of exposure time. The Raman signal intensities of the gases show excellent linearity with the gases’ partial pressures, which means that high-accuracy detection is also feasible.
The helix of CO2, household income, and oil pricing under the assumption of Keynesian consumption function: A policy-mix scenario of oil-importing South Asia for SDGs-2030
Authors: Gang Chen , Sha He , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ali Syed Ahtsham , Nadeem Muhammad , Gulzar Fatima , Abbasi Muhammad Nauman
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore energy prices and their impact on household consumption under the condition of Keynesian consumption theory in South Asian countries over the 1995–2020 periods. By employing the panel ordinary least square model estimation technique, the study attempted to find the relationship between household income and consumption under the theory of Keynesian consumption function. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between household consumption and environmental sustainability, policy mix variables, and energy pricing. First of all, this study confirms the existence of Keynesian consumption theory in these economies of South Asia. Furthermore, energy pricing, environmental sustainability, and inflation rate are the factors that inducing toward high household consumption in South Asia. Considering the policy mix factors, inflation rate contribution positively while tax rate inducing this consumer for low household consumption. Based on the empirical analysis, this study suggested some parameters to these Asian economies particularly and other similar economies generally.
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis; A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Ebrahimi Narges , Barzegar Mahdi , Afshari-Safavi Alireza , Bagherieh Sara , Shaygannejad Vahid
Published: April 2022

Background

The importance and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction is recently gaining attention in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a result of their chronic inflammatory disease, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model and a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias.

Results

The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. Two conference abstracts were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group, and the level of Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this systematic review show that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.
The associations between COVID-19 diagnosis, type 1 diabetes, and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis: A nationwide cohort from the US using the Cerner Real-World Data
Authors: Qeadan Fares , Tingey Benjamin , Egbert Jamie , Pezzolesi Marcus G. , Burge Mark R. , Peterson Kathryn A. , Honda Trenton
Published: April 2022

Objective

To assess the risk of new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) diagnosis following COVID-19 diagnosis and the impact of COVID-19 diagnosis on the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with prior T1D diagnosis.

Research design and methods

Retrospective data consisting of 27,292,879 patients from the Cerner Real-World Data were used. Odds ratios, overall and stratified by demographic predictors, were calculated to assess associations between COVID-19 and T1D. Odds ratios from multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical predictors, were calculated to assess adjusted associations between COVID-19 and DKA. Multiple imputation with multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) was used to account for missing data.

Results

The odds of developing new-onset T1D significantly increased in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.46) compared to those without COVID-19. Risk varied by demographic groups, with the largest risk among pediatric patients ages 0–1 years (OR: 6.84, 95% CI: 2.75, 17.02) American Indian/Alaskan Natives (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.86, 2.82), Asian or Pacific Islanders (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.61, 2.53), older adult patients ages 51–65 years (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.66, 1.88), those living in the Northeast (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.61, 1.81), those living in the West (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.56, 1.74), and Black patients (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.71). Among patients with diagnosed T1D at baseline (n = 55,359), 26.7% (n = 14,759) were diagnosed with COVID-19 over the study period. The odds of developing DKA for those with COVID-19 were significantly higher (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 2.04, 2.50) than those without COVID-19, and the largest risk was among patients with higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index.

Conclusions

COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with significantly increased risk of new-onset T1D, and American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black populations are disproportionately at risk. In patients with pre-existing T1D, the risk of developing DKA is significantly increased following COVID-19 diagnosis.
Physical and motivational effects of Exergames in healthy adults—Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Katrin , Wiemeyer Josef
Published: April 2022

Exergames have the potential to be used as motivating physical training tools. Numerous studies are currently available that investigate the effects of physical training with Exergames. However, most studies focus on specific training effects or specific target groups. A comprehensive summary of conditioning, coordinative and sports skill related training effects with Exergames in healthy adults is still missing. This contribution presents the protocol for a systematic review that aims to: a) summarize absolute and relative effects of training with Exergames on physical indicators and motivation compared to no or conventional training; b) identify possible mediators and moderators for varying training responses; c) identify gaps in the current evidence related to Exergame-based training.
How to alter path dependency and promote the use of EPC model in public projects of China?
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Liu Xiaojun , Liu Na
Published: April 2022

The key to promoting the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) model in China’s public construction projects is to alter the path dependence of a project owner’s choice of project delivery model (PDM). This study uses evolutionary game theory to discuss the mechanism of government incentives as an external motivation to alter path dependence in the PDM. In addition, a cellular automata simulation to examine the influence of various government incentives on the project owner’s choice. The results show that the combination of subsidies and penalties can produce the best incentive. Subsidies are more effective at promoting PDM institutional change, whereas penalties are more effective at preventing PDM institutional change from anti-recession effects. Based on our results, we propose that the Chinese government should take active subsidy measures at the initial stage of EPC promotion, and adopt a dynamic incentive strategy of continuously reducing subsidies and increasing penalties according to the improvement of the development degree of EPC model.
Gut mycobiome dysbiosis in rats showing retinal changes indicative of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Padakandla Shalem Raj , Das Taraprasad , Sai Prashanthi Gumpili , Angadi Kiran Kumar , Reddy S. Sreenivasa , Reddy G. Bhanuprakash , Shivaji Sisinthy
Published: April 2022

The current study compared the gut mycobiomes of diabetic rats generated by a streptozotocin chemical challenge, diabetic rats with retinal changes and normal control rats over a period of 4 months. Sustained increase in blood sugar levels (>150 mg/dL) confirmed the induction of diabetes. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to identify changes in the retinal tissues in the diabetic rats indicative of the animals progressing into diabetic retinopathy. Gut mycobiomes generated using faecal DNA, indicated dysbiosis at the genus level in both diabetic (DM) and diabetic rats with retinal changes (DRC) when compared with the control rats. In Tables 3–6 the specific genera that were significantly increased/decreased in DM1 and DM2 and in DRC1 and DRC2 respectively compared to the respective controls CT1-CT4 rats are listed. Further, the mycobiomes of the DM and DRC rats separated into distinct clusters following heat-map analysis of the discriminating genera. In addition,β-diversity analysis separated the mycobiomes of DM and DRC rats from that of the control rats, but the mycobiomes of diabetic rats and diabetic rats with retinal changes showed an overlap. Based on the inferred functions of the discriminating genera in the mycobiomes, we speculated that increase in pathogenic fungi might contribute to the inflammatory status both in diabetic rats and rats showing retinal changes.
Hedonic pricing analysis for semen of dairy bulls in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Glauco Rodrigues , Faria Weslem Rodrigues , Nardy Vinícius Pimenta Delgado Ribeiro , Betarelli Junior Admir Antonio
Published: April 2022

Dairy farming is an important aspect of the Brazilian agricultural sector. The presence of numerous producers has created a large number of jobs in this field, contributing significantly to the rural economy. Artificial insemination (AI), used as one of the main means of reproduction, is increasingly gaining importance in the genetic improvement of animals. Given this scenario, the semen of bulls has become extremely marketable and an important aspect of the animal industry. This study aims to develop a hedonic model for the price of semen doses of dairy bulls based on the information from the main sellers of the product in the Brazilian market. The main findings reveal that there is an additional premium for proven bulls. Semen doses from Gir bulls proved to be more expensive, and the AI firm ALTA has a discount compared to the other firms. From the characteristics obtained in the tests, there is a premium only for the Predicted Transmitting Ability–Milk (volume). The most valued feature found is the dose being sexed, that is, the dose that guarantees the gestation of a female from its use. Semen doses from dead bulls has proved to be more expensive.
Cost-effectiveness of a medication event monitoring system for tuberculosis management in Morocco
Authors: Yang Jangmi , Kim Hae-Young , Park Seup , Sentissi Ilham , Green Nathan , Oh Byung Kwon , Kim Yujin , Oh Kyung Hyun , Paek Eunseong , Park Young Joon , Oh In-Hwan , Lee Seung Heon
Published: April 2022

Background

Digital health technologies have been used to enhance adherence to TB medication, but the cost-effectiveness remains unclear.

Methods

We used the real data from the study conducted from April 2014 to December 2020 in Morocco using a smart pillbox with a web-based medication monitoring system, called Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS). Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using a decision analysis model including Markov model for Multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB from the health system perspective. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Two-way sensitive analysis was done for the treatment success rate between MEMS and standard of care.

Results

The average total per-patient health system costs for treating a new TB patient under MEMS versus standard of care were $398.70 and $155.70, respectively. The MEMS strategy would reduce the number of drug-susceptible TB cases by 0.17 and MDR-TB cases by 0.01 per patient over five years. The ICER of MEMS was $434/DALY averted relative to standard of care, and was most susceptible to the TB treatment success rate of both strategies followed by the managing cost of MEMS.

Conclusion

MEMS is considered cost-effective for managing infectious active TB in Morocco.
Scream for Me, Africa!: Heavy Metal Identities in Post-Colonial Africa
Authors: Banchs Edward
Published: April 2022

Discusses African metal scenes and conversations around the presence of heavy metal in the continent, and how acts in Africa are changing the conversation of what is possible. Looks at the continent's blossoming scenes through themes including hybridity, othering and how scenes have collided with difficult political systems.
Resurrecting ParaNorman: Ghosts and gays in the New Queer Cartoon
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: April 2022

When the Oscar-nominated, stop-motion animated film ParaNorman was released in August 2012, critics made much ado about the supporting character named Mitch: a dopey, beefy jock perceived to be the first openly gay character in a mainstream American children’s animated movie. As queer representation in children’s animated media continues to expand – as seen, for example, in Netflix’s 2021 film The Mitchells vs. the Machines, which features an openly queer protagonist – this article argues that Mitch’s now decade-old legacy is worth revisiting. Drawing on Noreen Giffney’s concept of the ‘New Queer Cartoon’, ParaNorman, I claim, marks a crucial turning point in children’s animated media. The film represents a collision between the latently and openly queer – it nods to the coded queer signifiers of past films while simultaneously making possible the gradual increase in visible queer representation that has taken place since its release.
Multi-receptor mechanism and retinoid signaling disorder in the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Authors: Sarohan Aziz Rodan
Published: April 2022

More than two years have passed since the pandemic and despite all the efforts of researchers, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not yet been resolved. Multisystem involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, and pathophysiological changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral organs have been shown in many studies. However, the molecular mechanism of these pathophysiological changes caused by COVID-19 has not been elucidated. The frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the change in the interaction of the virus with host cells have further complicated the pathogenetic mechanism in COVID-19. Unfortunately, the mechanism determined at the beginning of the pandemic and based on the single receptor tropism of ACE2 was insufficient to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 causes retinoid signaling defects and chemosensory receptor disorders and exerts its pathogenic effects through these mechanisms. Multisystem involvement and different clinical presentations in COVID-19 suggest that virus-host interaction develops through multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The previous mechanism described via ACE2, based on single-receptor tropism, was insufficient to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 due to the absence of ACE2 receptors in most of the affected organs. In addition, there is no satisfactory explanation for the mechanism by which ACE2-free organs are affected in COVID-19. In this regard, we think that ACE2 is not a true binding receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With recent molecular docking studies, STRA6 and its GPCRs were identified as new binding receptors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These studies have brought a multi-receptor mechanism to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The multi-receptor mechanism clearly illuminates the complex pathogenesis of retinoid signaling disorder, systemic organ involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, loss of smell and taste, and many other peripheral symptoms and signs, which are considered an enigma in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, we suggest retinoid signaling defect as the main pathogenetic disorder in COVID-19 and STRA6 and GPCRs as the main binding receptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This new mechanism also clarifies the changing symptoms and findings in COVID-19 with each new variant. In addition, these studies have revealed new signaling pathways and drug targets for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19.
Lessons from a self-terminating pandemic: Vaccination, vitamin A deficiency, and a brief epidemiological overview
Authors: Sarohan Aziz Rodan
Published: April 2022

Declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020, COVID-19 infected more than 460 million people, causing the death of more than six million people. With the Omicron variant becoming the dominant form, COVID-19 ended on its own, leaving behind serious socioeconomic traumas and dozens of chronic inflammatory diseases. With the transformation of COVID-19 into seasonal flu, it is predicted that it will no longer cause serious socioeconomic and health problems on a societal scale. During the pandemic process, it was tried to stop the epidemic with extraordinary measures such as hygiene, quarantine, closure of schools, travel restrictions, filiation practices, financial and psychosocial support, and effective use of mass media. These measures undoubtedly slowed the pace of the epidemic somewhat. It was anticipated that vaccines would not provide long-term protection against COVID-19 due to mutations that develop so frequently in SARS-CoV-2. Despite this, researchers focused heavily on vaccine development throughout the process. With the vaccines developed in this process, at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was given to approximately 4.9 billion people as of April 2021. The dictation of vaccines as the only and most effective solution in the fight against the pandemic prevented the detection of micronutrient deficiencies such as vitamin A deficiency, which facilitated the epidemic, on a societal scale and other alternative solutions. Some studies show that vitamin A deficiency may have played a role in the transmission of COVID-19 and the development of the severe clinical picture. The pandemic is coming to an end before the main reason or reasons underlying the fact that COVID-19, the biggest epidemic of our age, mostly affects western societies and is fatal in the elderly population living in big cities, are not clarified. In order to find the answer to this intriguing question, community-based dietary habits and epidemiological scans for micronutrient deficiency such as Vitamin A deficiency were not conducted. At a time when people began to lose their confidence in COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 underwent a heavy mutation, as the evolutionary process required, and COVID-19 turned into a flu-like infection.
Urban growth monitoring using spatial landscape matrices
Authors: Kirabira Adrian
Published: April 2022

With over 80% of global GDP created in cities, urbanization may contribute to long-term growth if properly managed. (The World Bank, 2021). In Uganda, the population living in urban areas are rising at a rate of 2.335% since 1990 to 2020. Cities must act fast to plan for expansion and provide the fundamental services, infrastructure, and affordable housing that their growing populations require. Urbanisation occurs at the expense of transformation of other landscapes hence the process of urbanization has a large influence on landscape and ecosystem function. For assessing policy alternatives for future growth and sustainable development of urban planning must be considered. Through mapping and analyzing land use/land cover transition in urban areas, as well as monitoring their environmental effects with the help of landscape metrices was the focus of this research. Landsat Images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were used for this study, band ratios of NDVI, NDBI, NDWI were used for image enhancement to clearly identify the vegetated areas, built up areas and the areas that were covered with water, then a maximum likelihood classification technique was used to classify the images accordingly with an accuracy assessment of above 80% was accepted, the resulting classified images were then taken to FRAGSTATS for computation of landscape metrices. The metrices examined included class area, number of patches, total core area, core area percent of landscape, splitting Index, and landscape division index. It was discovered that the urban areas that converged between 1990 and 2020 contributed significantly to the fragmentation of predominantly the primarily vegetated regions of the research area, as well as the loss of the core portions of several habitats.
The Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in the Maltese Islands
Authors: De Bono Stephanie
Published: April 2022

An established neonatal hearing screening program is a direct indicator of the health and security index of a country. Its importance has been emphasised by WHO since 1995 and is now an anticipated standard of care in the developed world. The aim is for this standard to become a globally unquestionable prerequisite for healthcare. This study casts a detailed look at the neonatal hearing screening pilot project within the Maltese Islands, which was thereafter planned to be implemented on a national level to safeguard the future generation, make available timely responses and put the nation on the global map of a high standard of healthcare. This pilot project studies the outcomes of the collected data. From a sample of 1877 neonates born between October 2020 and September 2021, it was found that the rate of incidence of neonatal hearing loss identified at screening was that of 5 neonates, equating to 0.3%. This was a statistic comparable to various other studies done in different countries. It is notable that whilst it is known that NICU neonates are at an increased risk of hearing loss, none of the affected neonates in the pilot project were from this subgroup of recruits. In conclusion, the pilot project produced good results and gained satisfactory departmental feedback. An established national screening program is now in operation.
Design and implementation of road surface monitoring system using camera and global positioning system
Authors: Gideon Amusan , Tayo Arulogun , Odunaiya Oluwatobi , Adebayo Ade-Akanfe , Peter Ilupeju
Published: April 2022

Road surface type estimation were performed using the periodic snapshots from the camera. Independently, images that are captured would be utilized for detecting potholes. It provides additional information to the road condition estimator thread that is performed in parallel using accelerometer and GPS speed data. After classification, the result together with GPS coordinates were marked on the dashboard map. Every single GPS coordinate together with its predicted road faults of the route travelled is plotted on the map and map the road for subsequent users to know where road anomalies are and where they aren't and could also be used by the governments or any authorised body to prioritise during road repair. It was been concluded that mobile application eradicates all the problems and complications with the existing systems with much better efficiency. The analysis results demonstrated the use of gyroscope, accelerometer, pedometer and magnetometer to compute all the data. Moreover, it is been recommended that the department can make this a project more proficient by supporting the project so that there can be more improvement in terms of the functionality on which the mobile application run.
Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Plant Nutrients on Purple Blotch and Tip-Burn of Garlic
Authors: Faruk Md. Iqbal
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted in the field of Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Joydebpur to evaluate the efficacy of available plant nutrient for the development of purple blotch disease and tip-burn of onion. Eight different treatments viz. Potassium (MP fertilizer), Phosphorus (TSP fertilizer), Boron (Boron fertilizer), Zinc (ZnSO4 fertilizer), Calcium (CaSO4 fertilizer), Copper (CuSO4), Silicon (silica gel) and Manganese (MnSO4 fertilizer) were tested against purple blotch disease and tip-burn of garlic. The present study revealed that soil and foliar application of plant nutrients viz. Potassium, Phosphorus, Boron, Zinc, Calcium, Copper, Silicon and Manganese gave appreciable reduction of purple blotch disease and tip-burn incidence and increased plant growth parameters such as shoot and root growth as well as yield of garlic. Among the nutrients Potassium, Phosphorus, Silicon, Zinc and Calcium were performed better for reducing purple blotch disease severity, tip-burn disease incidence and increasing plant growth as well as yield of garlic. Application of Boron and Manganese also performed better than control. So, soil and foliar application plant nutrients Potassium, Phosphorus, Silicon, Zinc, Boron and Manganese may be recommended for tip-burn and purple blotch disease management and for garlic production in Bangladesh.
The Students’s Learning of English Sonnets’ Structures and Sounds
Authors: Jati Ariya , Retno Wulandari
Published: April 2022

This paper describes English sonnets’ structures and sounds discussed in lectures. The scarcity of a practical reference for the study of this distinctive poetic expression in English literature underlies the need for this research. The long-term objective of this research is the availability of a study plan regarding the structures and sounds, with a specific one in the form of teaching material about the English sonnets’ elements. The method used in this study is classroom action research, with the data collecting using classroom observation, and the data processing using qualitative data analysis. The research activities include direct observation of the learning; questionnaire distribution; and data processing. The analysis produces the stages in discussing the sonnets’  structures and sounds. These stages can be developed into a teaching material, which will be useful for the learning of English literature, especially English poetry.
Developing Self-Learning Habit and Building Self Confidence by Integrating TBLT in Listening and Speaking Activities
Authors: Savitri Ayu Ida , Sundari Wiwiek
Published: April 2022

A common problem related to Teaching English as Foreign Language (TEFL) in an expanding circle country like Indonesia is students were accustomed to passively follow what the teacher told them to do. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is an effective method to let students develop their knowledge and creativity by learning the materials with their peers. It develops students’ self-learning habit that is beneficial for them to expand their knowledge, improve their competence and build their self-confidence as they were proud of their self-achievement. This research shows the integration of TBLT into listening and speaking class for second-grade students of State Vocational Senior Highschool, Central Java, majoring in electrical power engineering to fulfill their need as a technician with certain adaptations to suit the custom without decreasing its function and effectiveness
The Pope and the Pandemic: A Critical Discourse Analysis on America’s COVID-19 Coverage
Authors: Dewi Novita , Pasaribu Trly Almendo , Bram Barli
Published: April 2022

This study explores the ways in which America: The Jesuit Review, one Catholic media in the United Sates represents the COVID-19 pandemic to the believers. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, the analyzed materials include 35 selected articles appeared from March to May 2020 publication. Stylistic devices, discursive practice, and ideological implications are the three main analyzing techniques. The analysis reveals that, first, rhetorical style predominates. Secondly, comforting rather than disabling is the mode used in the reporting. Lastly, Pope Francis as the head of the Catholic Church is the moral reference in his call for faith, hope, and compassion during this pandemic time.
Morphological Causative Construction of Indonesian and Javanese: A Typological Study
Authors: Hasisah Siti Nur , Subiyanto Agus , Rifai Ahmad Abu
Published: April 2022

This study proposes to describe morphological causative formation in Indonesian and Javanese to determine similar verbs by comparing both. The levels of causative formation patterns in the Rembang Javanese dialect and Indonesian include (1) analytical causative construction, (2) morphological causation, and (3) lexical causation. This study focuses on the morphological causative construction in both languages. This study is descriptive qualitative with a language typology approach. Sources of data came from oral and written data. The data analysis applied typology theory. The results point out that the morphological causative form in Indonesian is constructed with the suffix “-kan” only. Meanwhile, Rembang Javanese dialect is much greater; it can be formed with the prefix “n-“, infix “-en”, infix “-in”, the suffix “-I”, the suffix “-no”, and the suffix “–ke”. These affixes increase the number of valences (arguments).
Representation of Government Concerning the Draft of Criminal Code in The Jakarta Post: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Sari Kamelia , Pranoto Budi Eko
Published: April 2022

This study was purposely done to investigate the representation of the government in The Jakarta Post. Therefore, the research objective of this study is to reveal the representation of the government related to the draft of Criminal Code in The Jakarta Post by using Fairclough three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model including textual analysis, discourse practice, and social practice were the stages for the researchers to analyze the news. The qualitative descriptive approach was employed by the researchers as the research method. The findings of this current study showed that The Jakarta Post was on the protesters’ side and it negatively represented the government. This research can be a meaningful insight for future researchers who want to conduct a study under a critical discourse analysis theory, for readers to become more aware of reading news, and for journalists to become more aware as well in writing news.
English Reduplicative Loans in Bangla
Authors: Morshed Sarwar
Published: April 2022

This small-scale exploratory study attempts to trace and taxonomize English reduplicative loans used in Bangla. Reduplicatives are the products of the morphological process known as ‘reduplication’ i.e. doubling of a word, stem or root. For example, ‘ha ha’, ‘dilly dally’, ‘hocus pocus’ etc. Though reduplication interfaces with both phonology and morphology, it is customarily included in the latter component of linguistics. The prime purpose of this paper is to detect and classify the morphological products in the form of reduplicative loans to Bangla from the English language. For the detection of loan reduplicatives, lexicographic works have been consulted. Social media sites have also contributed to the corpus on which this research is based. Our corpus reveals that Bangla has two types of English-based reduplicative loans – unchanged and changed. The unchanged category includes onomatopoeic and baby-talk reduplicatives. The members of the changed category, on the other hand, undergo different morphological modifications. One visible feature of the changed reduplicatives is that they are not borrowed as direct reduplicatives – initially they are borrowed as a single lexical item and then reduplication is carried out following the morphological rules of Bangla. Numerically speaking, the changed reduplicatives far outnumber the unchanged reduplicatives. There are a few English-based reduplicative loans that have been assimilated into the fabric of Bangla language – these few words are so strongly Banglicized that their English identity is unrecognizable without the help of etymological dictionaries. Apart from this fully integrated small category, there exists another class of loan reduplicatives that has effaced some full, unalloyed, internally sourceable reduplicatives. These guest reduplicatives along with their host peers and pair members have been instrumental in seasoning, salting and peppering Bangla.
Semantic Changes of English Loanwords in Radar Kediri Daily Newspaper Headlines
Authors: Anam Moh Khoirul , Nirmala Deli
Published: April 2022

Use of English loanwords in mass media like newspapers is so prominent. However, the writers still use the words even though the words go through meaning changes. Hence, this study aims to investigate why the writers still use loanwords in their article. Loanwords from the headline of Radar Kediri were taken as data. There were sixty-seven English loanwords variations used in the articles of the headlines in the time span of the study. Close and open questionnaires were administered to the writers and the editors of the headline articles. Questionnaires encompassed the English loanwords which the writers wrote in their articles were administered to them. Interviewing the other editor was also used as data crosschecks. This study found that, first, there are six different categories undergoing a meaning change in the headline of Radar Kediri based on Bloomfield semantic change classification, viz, Narrowing, Widening, Metaphor, Synecdoche, Degeneration, and Elevation. Second, there are six reasons why the writers use English loanwords in their articles: be more effective in conveying a message, be more global/common in use, be more modern, be more educated, to vary vocabulary in a sentence by using synonymous, and to avoid monotony
Area formula for regular submanifolds of low codimension in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Corni Francesca , Magnani Valentino
Published: April 2022

We establish an area formula for the spherical measure of intrinsically
regular submanifolds of low codimension in Heisenberg groups.
The spherical measure is constructed by an arbitrary homogeneous distance.
Among the arguments of the proof, we point out the differentiability properties of intrinsic graphs and a chain rule for intrinsically differentiable functions.
On the Jacobian locus in the Prym locus and geodesics
Authors: Torelli Sara
Published: April 2022

LetJgbe the Jacobian locus and letPg+1be the Prym locus, in the moduli spaceAgof principally polarized abelian varieties of dimensiong, forg≥ 7. We study the extrinsic geometry ofJg⊂Pg+1, under the inclusion provided by the theory of generalized Prym varieties introduced by Beauville. More precisely, we address the problem if certain geodesic curves, defined with respect to the Siegel metric ofAg, starting at a Jacobian variety [JC] ∈Agof a curve [C] ∈Mgand with directionζ∈T[JC]Jg, are locally contained inPg+1. The result is that for a generalJC, the answer is negative, if the rankkofζis such thatk< CliffC− 3, where CliffCdenotes the Clifford index ofC.
Study on the mechanism of inhibiting patulin production by fengycin
Authors: Fu Ruimin , Tang Wei , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yulian , Wang Ding , Chen Wuling
Published: April 2022

Penicillium expansum is the main cause of apple rot. Besides, it can also produce mycotoxin patulin (PAT). Therefore, the search for substances that can inhibit the activity and toxigenicity of P. expansum has become a hot research topic. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of fengycin on patulin production in P. expansum. P. expansum was cultured under different environments with different concentrations of fengycin. The patulin content produced per unit weight of P. expansum mycelium was detected and determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Synergy brands (SYBR) GreenI Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-MSAS) and isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (IDH), which were the key genes of producing patulin of P. expansum mycelium, in the conditions treated by fengycin and untreated. After fengycin treatments, not only the patulin content in every unit weight of P. expansum mycelium but also the expression level of 6-MSAS decreased significantly. The expression level of 6-MSAS of treatment was 0.11 folds of control. However, the expression level of IDH treated by fengycin decreased slightly. Fengycin could inhibit the P. expansum from producing patulin by downregulating the expression of key synthetic genes 6-MSAS.
The capture of host cell’s resources: The role of heat shock proteins and polyamines in SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pathway to viral infection
Authors: Makhoba Xolani Henry , Makumire Stanley
Published: April 2022

The exposure of organisms and cells to unfavorable conditions such as increased temperature, antibiotics, reactive oxygen species, and viruses could lead to protein misfolding and cell death. The increased production of proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and polyamines has been linked to protein misfolding sequestration, thus maintaining, enhancing, and regulating the cellular system. For example, heat shock protein 40 (Hsp40) works hand in hand with Hsp70 and Hsp90 to successfully assist the newly synthesized proteins in folding properly. On the other hand, polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine have been widely studied and reported to keep cells viable under harsh conditions, which are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Polyamines are found in all living organisms, including humans and viruses. Some organisms have developed a mechanism to hijack mammalian host cell machinery for their benefit like viruses need polyamines for infection. Therefore, the role of HSPs and polyamines in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) viral infection, how these molecules could delay the effectiveness of the current treatment in the market, and how COVID-19 relies on the host molecules for its successful infection are reviewed.
Cyclic connectivity index of bipolar fuzzy incidence graph
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Zhu Linli , Gao Wei
Published: April 2022

In the performance characterization of chemical molecular structures, several uncertain properties are often encountered, and fuzzy theory is precisely the tool to characterize these uncertainties. When molecular structures are described by molecular graphs, the corresponding fuzzy graph theory is used to characterize the uncertainty of atoms and atomic bonds. In this study, there is introduced cyclic connectivity index and its average version for bipolar fuzzy incidence graph (BFIG), and several theoretical results are obtained in the light of graph theory and fuzzy theory. Finally, the given new fuzzy index is applied to the testing of anti-aging-related drugs yields average uncertainty data for the corresponding molecular structures.
Artin–Mazur heights and Yobuko heights of proper log smooth schemes of Cartier type, and Hodge–Witt decompositions and Chow groups of quasi-F-split threefolds
Authors: Nakkajima Yukiyoshi
Published: April 2022

LetX/s{X/s}be a proper log smooth scheme of Cartier type over a fine log scheme whose underlying scheme is the spectrum of a perfect field κ of characteristicp>0{p>0}. In this article we prove that the cohomology of𝒲⁢(𝒪X){{\mathcal{W}}({\mathcal{O}}_{X})}is a finitely generated𝒲⁢(κ){{\mathcal{W}}(\kappa)}-module if the Yobuko height ofXis finite. As an application of this result, we prove that, if the Yobuko height of a proper smooth threefoldYover κ is finite, then the crystalline cohomology ofY/κ{Y/\kappa}has the Hodge–Witt decomposition and thep-primary torsion part of the Chow group of codimension 2 ofYis of finite cotype. These are nontrivial generalizations of results in [K. Joshi and C. S. Rajan, Frobenius splitting and ordinarity, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 2003 2003, 2, 109–121] and [K. Joshi, Exotic torsion, Frobenius splitting and the slope spectral sequence, Canad. Math. Bull. 50 2007, 4, 567–578]. We also prove a fundamental inequality between the Artin–Mazur heights and the Yobuko height ofX/s{X/s}ifX/s{X/s}satisfies natural conditions.
Reverse convolution inequalities for Lebedev–Skalskaya transforms
Authors: Mandal Upain K. , Prasad Akhilesh , Gupt Ajay K.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, reverse convolution inequalities for Lebedev–Skalskaya transforms (LS-transforms) are obtained. Further, convolutions associated to the Fourier and LS-transforms are introduced and relations between them are obtained. Moreover, their estimates in Lebesgue spaces are obtained and then, corresponding to it,
reverse convolution inequalities are also studied. Some applications are also discussed.
Enforceability of International Rule of Law Benchmarks in Legislative Process: The Abrogation of Secondary Legislation in Kosovo
Authors: Borovci Mentor
Published: April 2022

This article examines the enforcement process of the international rule of law benchmarks by the Government of Kosovo through their internalization into domestic legislation. Particular attention is paid to the legal benchmarks established in the Rule of Law Checklist adopted by the Venice Commission, which, among others, provides guidelines on the extent of delegation of the legislative powers from parliament to the government. More specifically, this article presents a legal analysis of legal measures taken by the Government of Kosovo to enforce legal benchmarks of the Rule of Law Checklist of the Venice Commission into domestic legislation. This has been done through the evaluation of compliance with its sub-legal acts with specific laws and abrogation of sub-legal acts that lacked specific legal authorization, and therefore did not comply with rule of law benchmarks. Overall, this article seeks to demonstrate the distinct practical value of the rule of law elements in the development processes, given the indispensable role of stable and predictable legal processes in the functioning of institutions.
Third harmonic generation from the gold/amorphous silicon hybrid metasurface
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Guanqing , Tang Yutao , Zhang Xuecai , Cai Wenfeng , Liu Yanjun , Cao Tun , Li Guixin
Published: April 2022

The nonlinear optical properties of silicon have great potentials for developing all-optical switches and modulators, etc. Strategies based on all dielectric silicon photonic crystals and resonators have been proposed to design the nanophotonic devices with high nonlinearity. Nevertheless, the lack of compatible configuration with the mature CMOS technology may hinder the practical applications of the all dielectric devices. In this work, we proposed a metal–silicon hybrid metasurface to generate strong third harmonic signals from an amorphous silicon (α-Si) film. By integrating the α-Si film into a gold plasmonic nanocavity and controlling the periods of the gold meta-atoms, the efficiency of the THG process is expected to be greatly boosted. Compared to the planar α-Si film, the THG signal is enhanced by a factor of ∼370. The presented results in this work may open new routes for developing various silicon photonic devices with high optical nonlinearity.
Crystal structure of the dihydrate of tetraethylammonium 1,3,5-thiadiazole-5-amido-2-carbamate, C11H27N5O4S
Authors: Tan Xiaoke , Zhu Xin
Published: April 2022

C11H27N5O4S, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.8359 (2) Å, b = 8.6966 (3) Å, c = 12.9907(4) Å, α = 92.047 (2)°, β = 92.041 (2)°, γ = 96.087 (2)°, V = 879.02 (5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0412, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1265, T = 298 K.