bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective and Scalable anti‐Aldol Reactions Using N‐(p‐Dodecylphenylsulfonyl)‐2‐pyrrolidinecarboxamide: Scope and Origins of Stereoselectivities.
Authors: Yang Hua , Mahapatra Subham , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Carter Rich G.
Published: January 2011

It is found that the carboxamide PRO efficiently promotes asymmetric addition of a wide range of aldehydes to various ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Compatible Iminium Activation: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β‐Unsaturated Enones.
Authors: Mao Zhifeng , Jia Yaomei , Li Wenyi , Wang Rui
Published: January 2011

It is found that a combination of TFA with the diamine shown is optimal.
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of Benzyl Ethers by Triphenylphosphine Hydrobromide.
Authors: Ramanathan Mani , Hou Duen‐Ren
Published: January 2011

Generally, a broad spectrum of benzyl ethers can be cleaved under the optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamides Accessed from Aminothioesters via a Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative/β‐Hydride Elimination Sequence.
Authors: Min Geanna K. , Hernandez Dacil , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: January 2011

The process can be applied to a broad spectrum of substrates to produce the (E) isomers as the main components.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Photochemical Synthesis of 2‐Vinylcyclopropanecarbaldehydes, Precursors of Cyclopropane Components Present in Pyrethroids, by Using the Oxa‐di‐π‐methane Rearrangement.
Authors: Armesto Diego , Ortiz Maria J. , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , El‐Boulifi Noureddin
Published: January 2011

The triplet‐sensitized photolysis of dienic aldehydes of type (I) and (III) is investigated in the presence of 4‐phenylbenzophenone as sensitizer.
ChemInform Abstract: Eleuthesides and Their Analogues. Part 1. Synthesis of the Base Compound from Levoglucosenone Adduct with Piperylene.
Authors: Kondrova Yu. A. , Krasnoslobodtseva O. Yu. , Spirikhin L. V. , Valeev F. A.
Published: January 2011

The Diels‐Alder adduct (I) of levoglucosenone and piperylene is used as starting compound for the synthesis of aldehyde (VII), a building block for the synthesis of eleutheside analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of a Cycloheptane Ring from a 1,2‐Diketone with High Stereoselectivity.
Authors: Takada Yoshiaki , Nomura Kenichi , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: January 2011

An efficient synthesis of cycloheptane‐1,3‐diones is developed starting from dienedione substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Propargylamines via C—H Activation in PEG.
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Chen Jiu‐Xi , Gao Wen‐Xia , Ding Jin‐Chang , Wu Hua‐Yue
Published: January 2011

The three‐component A3 coupling reaction of aldehyde, amine, and alkyne is carried out for the first time using PEG as the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Starburst Phase Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Siji Mathew , Divia N. , Nair T. D. Radhakrishnan , Haridas Karickal R.
Published: January 2011

The presented catalyst is effective in a minimum amount of solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Water‐Soluble and Recyclable Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric 1,4‐Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Ghosh Subrata K. , Zheng Zilong , Ni Bukuo
Published: January 2011

A diarylprolinol silyl ether in combination with benzoic acid efficiently catalyzes the addition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III) Oxide Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide.
Authors: Malik Payal , Chakraborty Debashis
Published: January 2011

The Bi2O3‐mediated oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols (I) and (III) to carboxylic acids (II) and ketones (IV) does not depend on ligands or other additives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy‐β‐amino Acid Derivatives via a Lewis Acid Catalyzed Three‐Component Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Gassa Federico , Contini Alessandro , Fontana Gabriele , Pellegrino Sara , Gelmi Maria Luisa
Published: January 2011

A highly diastereoselective and very efficient method to prepare title compounds is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Arylation of Glyoxylate with Arylsilanes: Practical Synthesis of Optically Active Mandelic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Hioki Yuta , Mikami Koichi
Published: January 2011

The presence of the silyl group plays a crucial role as it increases the reactivity and completely controls the regioselectivity of the desired arylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amidomethyltrifluoroborates and Their Use in Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Hiebel Marie‐Aude
Published: January 2011

Generally, (het)aryl chlorides are the most efficient substrates for the process [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Poly(4‐methyl vinylpyridinium hydroxide)/SBA‐15 Composite as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Basic Catalyst for the Knoevenagel Reaction.
Authors: Kalbasi Roozbeh Javad , Kolahdoozan Majid , Massh Ahmadreza , Shahabian Keinaz
Published: January 2011

The novel basic polymeric composite exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes (I) and (IV) with ethyl cyanoacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(OTf)2‐Mediated Chan‐Lam Reaction of Carboxylic Acids to Access Phenolic Esters.
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Zhang Guoying , Zhang Manli , Cheng Jiang
Published: January 2011

A wide range of functional groups is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehydes, Alkynes and Carbamates.
Authors: Dou Xiao‐Yong , Shuai Qi , He Liang‐Nian , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: January 2011

No co‐catalyst or ligand is required for the title reaction affording propargylcarbamates from aromatic aldehydes and aromatic alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds by the Hydrogenolysis of Pentaerythritol‐Supported Biarylsulfonates.
Authors: Kim Chul‐Bae , Lee Sung‐Kyung , Park Kwangyong
Published: January 2011

Pentaerythritol turns out to be an efficient soluble tetrapodal support permitting the traceless release of various biaryl compounds attached by a sulfonate linkage.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Symmetrical 1,8‐Diarylnaphthalenes.
Authors: Pieters Gregory , Terrasson Vincent , Gaucher Anne , Prim Damien , Marrot Jerome
Published: January 2011

Fourteen 1,8‐diarylnaphthalenes such as (III) are prepared using a reliable and general bis‐Suzuki methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailored α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones and Their Effects on Growth Suppression in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Pratihar Debarshi , Nair Hari‐Narayanan G. , Walters Matthew , Smith Sadie , Yip‐Schneider Michele T. , Wu Huangbing , Schmidt C. Max
Published: January 2011

A series of racemic α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones is synthesized and screened against three human pancreatic cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Novel (E)‐3‐(1‐(Alkyloxyamino)ethylidene)‐1‐alkylpyrrolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Zhu Zhao‐Yong , Shi Qing‐Ming , Han Bao‐Feng , Wang Xian‐Feng , Qiang Sheng , Yang Chun‐Long
Published: January 2011

Alkylamino substituents are introduced into the pyrrolidinedione core to synthesize twenty novel tetramic acid derivatives having an oxime ether moiety at the 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of γ‐Oxoacids and 1H‐Pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Ethyl Nitroacetate.
Authors: Aginagalde Maialen , Bello Tamara , Masdeu Carme , Vara Yosu , Arrieta Ana , Cossio Fernando P.
Published: January 2011

Addition of the nitroacetate (II) to enones followed by treatment with H2O2/ K2CO3 is found to afford γ‐oxoacids like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetracyclic 8‐Aza‐naphthalen‐9‐ones and Oxa‐naphthalen‐9‐one.
Authors: Soman Shubhangi S. , Thaker Tirth H.
Published: January 2011

Condensation of 2‐bromo‐1‐methylbenzochromenone (II) with cyclic secondary amines or primary aromatic amines affords dioxapentalenonaphthalenone (III) and azanaphthalenones (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(1‐Adamantyl)‐3‐polyfluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazoles.
Authors: Butov G. M. , Mokhov V. M. , Parshin G. Yu. , Shevelev S. A. , Dalinger I. L. , Vatsadze I. A. , Shkineva T. K.
Published: January 2011

The title compounds (II) are colorless, high‐melting, and crystalline substances.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral 3‐Aryl‐7‐arylmethylidene‐3,3a,4,5,6,7‐hexahydroindazoles: Synthesis, Structure, and Twisting Power in Nematic Liquid Crystals.
Authors: Abakumov V. V. , Pivnenko N. S. , Kutulya L. A. , Konovalova I. S. , Roshal' A. D. , Novikova N. B. , Shishkin O. V.
Published: January 2011

Starting from (3R)‐3‐methylcyclohexanone, compounds (III), (V) and a range of alkyl‐substituted analogues are prepared stereoselectively in low to medium yields for application as chiral additives in liquid crystalline materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Next Generation of HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitors: Pyrazolone as a Novel Inhibitor Scaffold.
Authors: Hadi Victor , Koh Yung‐Hyo , Sanchez Tino Wilson , Barrios Danielle , Neamati Nouri , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: January 2011

Various derivatives based on the pyrazolone scaffold are synthesized and SAR studies are performed.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Deprotonative Functionalization of Heteroaromatics Using Organic Superbase Catalyst.
Authors: Hirono Yutaro , Kobayashi Koji , Yonemoto Misato , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: January 2011

Phosphazene base P4‐tBu is used as a superbase catalyst in the deuteration reaction of heterocycles (I) and (V) or their reactions with carbonyl compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles by Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Azides with Alkynes Formed by a Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling and Desilylation.
Authors: Friscourt Frederic , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: January 2011

The target triazoles can be prepared directly from aryl iodides, trimethylsilylacetylene and azides in the microwave‐assisted procedure using both CuF2 or Bu4NF/CuI for the desilylation step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isochromans by Hydriodic Acid or Iodine Mediated Cyclization Reactions of 1‐(2‐Vinylphenyl)propan‐2‐ols.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Shikata Kazuaki , Maegawa Hiroki , Fukamachi Shuhei , Tanmatsu Miyuki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: January 2011

Simple routes to the title compounds (IV), (V), and (VII) are presented by using readily available starting materials and hydriodic acid or iodine mediated cyclizations.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Domino Knoevenagel‐hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction: An Efficient Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Novel Thiochromone‐Annulated Thiopyranocoumarin Derivatives in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Kiamehr Mostafa , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Reza , Mirjafary Zohreh , Fathi Shaghayegh , Saeidian Hamdollah
Published: January 2011

The reaction generally proceeds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New Pyridine Based Heterocycles.
Authors: Darwish Elham S. , Kheder Nabila A. , Farag Ahmad M.
Published: January 2011

The presented facile and convenient routes start from the versatile, readily accessible compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective C‐4 Alkylation of Pyridine by Nickel/Lewis Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Yamada Yuuya , Kashihara Natsuko , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: January 2011

Direct C‐4‐selective addition of pyridine derivatives with various alkenes is achieved for the first time by a nickel/ Lewis acid cooperative catalysis with an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Norfloxacin Analogues Catalyzed by Lewis and Broensted Acids: An Alternative Pathway.
Authors: Leyva Socorro , Hernandez Hiram
Published: January 2011

An alternative synthetic pathway to prepare norfloxacin analogues is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Polysubstituted 4‐Quinolones from Deprotonated α‐Aminonitriles.
Authors: Romek Alexandra , Opatz Till
Published: January 2011

The α‐alkylations of deprotonated Strecker products such as (I) or (V) give a series of intermediates such as (III), (VI), or (X), which undergo microwave‐assisted HCN and EtOH eliminations leading to the title quinolones (IV), (VII)/(VIII), or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl 7‐Aryl(hetaryl, cyclohexenyl)‐10,10‐dimethyl‐8‐oxo‐7,8,9,10,11,12‐hexahydrobenzo[b] [1,7]phenanthroline‐9‐carboxylates
Authors: Kozlov N. G. , Tereshko A. B.
Published: January 2011

via three‐component condensation of aminoquinoline (I) with cyclohexanedione (III) and various aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective One‐Pot, Three Component Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐4‐cyano‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones in Water.
Authors: Rimaz Mehdi , Khalafy Jabbar , Moghadam Peyman Najafi
Published: January 2011

Optimized conditions A) allow the preparation of the target compounds (III) and (V) in a regioselective manner and good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Novel Inhibitors Targeting HIF‐1α Towards Anticancer Drug Discovery.
Authors: Yewalkar Nilambari , Deore Vijaykumar , Padgaonkar Amol , Manohar Sonal , Sahu Bichismita , Kumar Pramod , Jalota‐Badhwar Archana , Joshi Kalpana S. , Sharma Somesh , Kumar Sanjay
Published: January 2011

Pyridylpyrimidine based potent and selective inhibitors of HIF‐1α are designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Ozonolyses of Isophorone and of 3‐Methyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and Subsequent Reactions of the Respective Ozonides to Afford Di‐, Tri‐ and Tetraozonides.
Authors: Jung In Chan , Sheikh Sad Alam , Jon Byong‐Mun , Li Wei , Goo Bon‐Suk , Jeong In‐Soo
Published: January 2011

Coozonolyses of the stable ozonides (III) with carbonyl compounds leads to stable polyozonides, e.g. (VI), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide Amides [(Me3Si)2N]3Ln(μ‐Cl)Li(THF)3 Catalyzed Hydrophosphonylation of Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Wu Qingmao , Zhou Jun , Yao Zhigang , Xu Fan , Shen Qi
Published: January 2011

The lanthanum complex is found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐Alkynyldihydroselenophene Derivatives.
Authors: Rosario Alisson R. , Schumacher Ricardo F. , Gay Bibiana M. , Menezes Paulo H. , Zeni Gilson
Published: January 2011

A variety of 3‐iododihydroselenophene derivatives readily undergoes Sonogashira cross coupling with diverse terminal alkynes to give alkynyldihydroselenophene derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyathane Diterpenoids and Nitrogenous Terphenyl Derivative from the Fruiting Bodies of Basidiomycete Phellodon niger.
Authors: Fang Sheng‐Tao , Zhang Ling , Li Zheng‐Hui , Li Bo , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: January 2011

The diterpenoids nigernin A (I) and B (II) and the nitrogenous terphenyl derivative phellodonin (III) are isolated from the title fungus for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Sesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Incarvillea arguta and Their Inhibitory Activities Against Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Nitric Oxide Production.
Authors: Fu Jian‐Jun , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Zeng Qi , Huang Ying , Jin Hui Zi , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: January 2011

Argutosines A—D (I)—(IV), resp., are isolated as new sesquiterpenoids along with two known structurally related compounds from the roots of Himalayan Gloxinia which is widely used as folk herbal medicine in southwest China.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Activities of Salacia chinensis Growing in Vietnam.
Authors: Minh Tran Thi , Anh Nguyen Thi Hoang , Thang Vu Dao , Sung Tran Van
Published: January 2011

Extraction, isolation, and structure elucidation of two new triterpenoids are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Scutebarbatines W—Z, New neo‐Clerodane Diterpenoids from Scutellaria barbata and Structure Revision of a Series of 13‐Spiro neo‐Clerodanes.
Authors: Wang Fei , Ren Fu‐Cai , Li Ya‐Ju , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: January 2011

The structure elucidation of the four new neo‐clerodane diterpenoids (I) and (II), isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Decarboxylation of 2‐Methyl‐2‐aminomalonate Catalyzed by (S)‐2‐Hydroxy‐2′‐ (3‐phenyluryl‐benzyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐3‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Park Hyunjung , Nandhakumar Raju , Lee Sunmin , Ahn Yoonsu , Kim Kwan Mook
Published: January 2011

The chiral binaphthyl based carboxaldehyde HPBC promotes the stereoselective decarboxylation of aminomalonic acid derivative (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of a Sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (I) from Azadirachta indica and Studies on Its Cytotoxic Activity and DNA Binding Properties.
Authors: Chatterjee Ratna , Singh Omkar , Pachuau Lalawmpuii , Malik Shiba Prasad , Paul Mausumi , Bhadra Kakali , Paul Santanu , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh , Mondal Nirup Bikash , Banerjee Sukdeb
Published: January 2011

The sulfonoglycolipid (I) exhibits significant DNA binding properties and antileukemic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Butenolide and Furandione from an Endophytic Aspergillus terreus.
Authors: Nuclear Paulwatt , Sommit Damrong , Boonyuen Nattawut , Pudhom Khanitha
Published: January 2011

Isolation and structure elucidation of the new butenolide aspernolide D (I) and the new furandione asperterone (II) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of L‐α‐Glycerophosphorylcholine.
Authors: Park Jong Moon , De Castro Kathlia A. , Ahn Hyunseok , Rhee Hakjune
Published: January 2011

Readily available and non‐toxic reagents are utilized in the presented synthesis of the title compound (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of Ba(Co, Fe, Nb)O3‐δ Perovskite in CO2‐Containing Atmospheres: Degradation Mechanism and Materials Design.
Authors: Yi Jianxin , Schroeder Michael , Weirich Thomas , Mayer Joachim
Published: January 2011

The degradation behavior and mechanism of perovskite‐type BaCo0.4Fe0.4Nb0.2O3‐δ oxygen separation membranes are studied in CO2‐containing atmospheres at 800—1000 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Acid Catalysts: Roles in Chemical Industries and New Concepts
Authors: Hattori Hideshi
Published: January 2011

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Electrochemical DeNOx — An Overview
Authors: Hansen K. Kammer
Published: January 2011

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Organocopper Chemistry
Authors: van Koten Gerard , Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H.
Published: January 2011

Review: 338 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Halocyclization Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Compounds
Authors: Chen Guofei , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2011

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Aminoxylation of Enecarbamates
Authors: Lu Min , Lu Yunpeng , Zhu Di , Zeng Xiaofei , Li Xinsheng , Zhong Guofu
Published: January 2011

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis Reactions of Carbohydrates: Recent Highlights in Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Aljarilla Ana , Lopez J. Cristobal , Plumet Joaquin
Published: January 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Galbulimima Alkaloids
Authors: Rinner Uwe , Lentsch Christoph , Aichinger Christian
Published: January 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pharmaceutical Studies and Practical Syntheses of Active Vitam D Derivatives
Authors: Kubodera Noboru
Published: January 2011

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Cyclic Carbenes and Related Species Beyond Diaminocarbenes
Authors: Melaimi Mohand , Soleilhavoup Michele , Bertrand Guy
Published: January 2011

Review: 265 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Semi‐Phenomenological Thermodynamic Description of Chemical Kinetics and Mass Transport
Authors: Kocherginsky N. M.
Published: January 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine in Health Care: Organofluorine Containing Blockbuster Drugs
Authors: O'Hagan David
Published: January 2011

Review: the top 10 fluorine containing pharmaceuticals (by US sales in 2008) are highlighted; 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Target Validation Using Phase 0 Clinical Trials: Promises and Pitfalls
Authors: Angelo Laura S. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: January 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calculator Tool for Determining Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Biosolids Processing and End Use
Authors: Brown Sally , Beecher Ned , Carpenter Andrew
Published: January 2011

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Most Important Methods for Depollution of Hydrocarbons Polluted Soils
Authors: Dobos Laura , Puia Carmen
Published: January 2011

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Parameters for Rationalizing Iminium‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Lakhdar Sami , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert
Published: January 2011

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Potassium Nutrition on Postharvest Fruit Quality: Melon (Cucumis Melo L) Case Study
Authors: Lester Gene E. , Jifon John L. , Makus Donald J.
Published: January 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Liquids Crystals and Micellar Solutions
Authors: D'Errico Gerardino , Paduano Luigi
Published: January 2011

Review: 147 refs.
Davydov Splitting of Excitons in Cyclic Bacteriochlorophyll a Nanoaggregates of Bacterial Light‐Harvesting Complexes between 4.5 and 263 K
Authors: Pajusalu Mihkel , Rätsep Margus , Trinkunas Gediminas , Freiberg Arvi
Published: January 2011

The nature of electronic excitations created by photon absorption in the cyclic B850 aggregates of 18 bacteriochlorophyll molecules of LH2 antenna complexes of photosynthetic bacteria is studied over a broad temperature range using absorption, fluorescence, and fluorescence anisotropy spectra. The latter technique has been proved to be suitable for revealing the hidden structure of excitons in inhomogeneously broadened spectra of cyclic aggregates. A theoretical model that accounts for differences of absorbing excitons in undeformed and emitting exciton polarons in deformed antenna lattices is also developed. Only a slight decrease of the exciton bandwidth and exciton coupling energy with temperature is observed. Survival of excitons in the whole temperature span from cryogenic to nearly ambient temperatures strongly suggests that collective, coherent electronic excitations might play a role in the functional light‐harvesting process taking place at physiological temperatures.
Tellurium microtubes synthesized by thermal evaporation method
Authors: Siciliano T. , Filippo E. , Genga A. , Micocci G. , Siciliano M. , Tepore A.
Published: January 2011

Te microtubes with hexagonal cross sections were deposited on quartz substrates by thermal evaporation method of Te metal in an inert atmosphere without the presence of any catalyst. Tellurium was evaporated by heating at 600 °C and the Te gas was condensed on quartz substrates at 280–300 °C under a flow of argon maintained at 20 sccm for different evaporation times. Scanning electron microscopy observation demonstrated that the initial products mainly consisted of sphere‐like microparticles. With increasing the evaporation time these microparticles gradually evolved into complete microtubes and then into microrods. The diameters of the microtubes range from 30 to 70 µm and their lengths from 0.5 to 6 mm. Structural and chemical characterization using X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer, show that the Te microtubes consist of only the Te element and have a single phase hexagonal structure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Leveraging Gigawatt Potentials by Smart Heat‐Pump Technologies Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wasserscheid Peter , Seiler Matthias
Published: January 2011

One of the greatest challenges to science in the 21 st century is the development of efficient energy production, storage, and transformation systems with minimal ecological footprints. Due to the lack of efficient heat‐transformation technologies, industries around the world currently waste energy in the gigawatt range at low temperatures (40–80 °C). These energy potentials can be unlocked or used more efficiently through a new generation of smart heat pumps operating with novel ionic liquid (IL)‐based working pairs. The new technology is expected to allow revolutionary technical progress in heat‐transformation devices, for example, significantly higher potential efficiencies, lower specific investments, and broader possibilities to incorporate waste energy from renewable sources. Furthermore, due to drastically reduced corrosion rates and excellent thermal stabilities of the new, IL‐based working pairs, the high driving temperatures necessary for multi‐effect cycles such as double‐ or triple‐effect absorption chillers, can also be realized. The details of this novel and innovative heat‐transformation technology are described.
Chemical, Electrochemical, and Photochemical Catalytic Oxidation of Water to Dioxygen with Mononuclear Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Roeser Stephan , Farràs Pau , Bozoglian Fernando , Martínez‐Belmonte Marta , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Llobet Antoni
Published: January 2011

Four new RuIICl and RuIIH2O complexes containing the meridional 2,2’:6’,2”‐terpyridine (trpy) ligand and the chelating 2‐(5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine (H3p) ligand of general formula in‐ and out‐[RuII(trpy)(H3p)(X)]n+ (X=Cl, n=1; X=H2O, n=2) have been prepared, isolated and thoroughly characterized both in solution and in the solid state. In solution, all the complexes are characterized spectroscopically by UV/Vis and NMR, and their redox properties investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and coulometry. In the solid state, monocrystal X‐ray diffraction analysis was carried out for the in and out RuCl complexes. The capacity of the Ru‐aqua complexes to act as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) was also investigated chemically, electrochemically, and photochemically. The performance of these complexes has also been compared to two previously described complexes of general formula in‐ and out‐[RuII(trpy)(Hbpp)(H2O)]2+ (Hbpp is 2,2′‐(1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diyl)dipyridine)), the capacity of which as WOCs had not been previously described.
Synthesis of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural in Ionic Liquids: Paving the Way to Renewable Chemicals
Authors: Ståhlberg Tim , Fu Wenjing , Woodley John M , Riisager Anders
Published: January 2011

The synthesis of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) in ionic liquids is a field that has grown rapidly in recent years. Unique dissolving properties for crude biomass in combination with a high selectivity for HMF formation from hexose sugars make ionic liquids attractive reaction media for the production of chemicals from renewable resources. A wide range of new catalytic systems that are unique for the transformation of glucose and fructose to HMF in ionic liquids has been found. However, literature examples of scale‐up and process development are still scarce, and future research needs to complement the new chemistry with studies on larger scales in order to find economically and environmentally feasible processes for HMF production in ionic liquids. This Minireview surveys important progress made in catalyst development for the synthesis of HMF in ionic liquids, and proposes future research directions in process technology.
Vegetation as affected by groundwater depth and microtopography in a shallow aquifer area of the Great Basin
Authors: Mata‐González R. , McLendon T. , Martin D. W. , Trlica M. J. , Pearce R. A.
Published: January 2011

This study was designed to better define the nature of the relationship among vegetation, groundwater level and microtopography in an arid area where depth to groundwater (DTW) was 0–4 m. Plant cover, DTW and relative elevations were jointly measured along 67 vegetation transects throughout the Owens Valley, CA, USA. These transects were dominated by major species of the area: Artemisia tridentata, Atriplex torreyi, Ericameria nauseosa, Distichlis spicata, Juncus arcticus, Leymus triticoides, Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Sporobolus airoides. Plant species occurrence was associated with different DTW. J. arcticus and D. spicata occurred more frequently in areas with the shallowest groundwater (<1·5 m). A. torreyi, L. triticoides and E. nauseosa dominated areas with intermediate DTW (1·5–2·0 m); whereas S. airoides, S. vermiculatus and A. tridentata dominated areas with deeper water tables (>2·0 m). Species were also linked to different microtopographic positions: L. triticoides and J. arcticus were mainly restricted to depressions whereas A. torreyi and A. tridentata were widely distributed in higher positions on the microtopographical gradient. Only 6% of the variation in vegetation cover was accounted for by DTW throughout the study area (N = 820). Cover of individual species was usually unaffected by DTW variation. Results suggest that species distribution is linked to groundwater conditions, but cover of vegetation is only partially affected by DTW variation. This is possible because water tables in our study area are within the rooting depth of most species and plants appear to be well adapted to shallow DTW variations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formal Synthesis of Galantinic Acid by Oxo‐Diels–Alder Methodology
Authors: Chaładaj Wojciech , Jurczak Janusz
Published: January 2011

This communication presents a simple and efficient enantioselective route to galantinic acid. The strategy is based on a highly enantioselective hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reaction of 3‐(4‐methoxybenzyloxy)propanal with Danishefsky's diene followed by selective introduction of further stereogenic centers thanks to the rigidity of the dihydropyran ring. The key HDA reaction is catalyzed by a new salen CrIII complex bearing a 1,1‐diphenylethyl substituent at the 3‐position of the salicyliden moiety.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of β‐Amino Esters by a Heterogeneous System of a Palladium Nanocatalyst and Candida antarctica Lipase A
Authors: Engström Karin , Shakeri Mozaffar , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: January 2011

A dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of β‐amino esters have been developed by the use of a heterogeneous racemization catalyst and an immobilized enzyme that accepts aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic substrates. The reaction conditions were optimized to yield an efficient catalytic system without by‐product formation. The products are obtained in 96–99 % ee and high yields.
Perceptions of source efficacy and persuasion: Multiple mechanisms for source effects on attitudes
Authors: Clark Jason K. , Evans Abigail T. , Wegener Duane T.
Published: January 2011

When communicators are perceived as likely to bring proposed outcomes to fruition, they have source efficacy. Although perceptions of source efficacy are common in persuasion settings, this construct has received little direct research attention. The present research explored how source efficacy may impact persuasion in different ways at different levels of motivation to process messages. Across three experiments, participants encountered message arguments of varying quality from a source manipulated to be relatively efficacious or inefficacious. When motivation to process the message was low, source efficacy served as a peripheral cue (Experiment 1). When motivation was high, efficacy information learned before the message biased processing of ambiguous messages (Experiment 2), but source efficacy learned after the message affected the amount of confidence people had in their message‐related thoughts (Experiment 3). These effects of source efficacy were distinct from effects of perceived source expertise/credibility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchanging social positions: Enhancing perspective taking within a cooperative problem solving task
Authors: Gillespie Alex , Richardson Beth
Published: January 2011

When people occupy different social positions within a cooperative task they experience discrepant role and situation demands and thus have divergent perspectives. The reported research predicts that exchanging social positions within a cooperative task can overcome divergences of perspective. This prediction was tested in two experiments using the Communication Conflict Situation. The first experiment (n = 88) found that position exchange increased the ability of dyads to solve a communication conflict arising through discrepant perspectives. The second experiment (n = 120) found that the effect of position exchange exceeds that of purely cognitive perspective taking, thus suggesting that it cannot be reduced to a purely cognitive process. Exchanging social positions is a newly identified and powerful social mechanism through which perspective taking, within a cooperative task, can be enhanced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching and learning civility
Authors: Levine Peter
Published: January 2011

Incivility can obstruct constructive public discourse and problem solving. Restoring civility is a task for higher education, but it may require tradeoffs with other democratic values.
Putting politics where it belongs: In the classroom
Authors: Hess Diana , Gatti Lauren
Published: January 2011

Teaching university students through discussing controversial issues has the potential to build civic capacity and political tolerance.
The difficult dialogues initiative at Clark University: A case study
Authors: Buie Sarah , Wright Walter
Published: January 2011

This initiative works to foster a culture of dialogue on the campus—raising awareness of discourse itself and encouraging skills and attitudes of responsible citizenship across our community.
Democratizing academic professionalism inside and out
Authors: Dzur Albert W.
Published: January 2011

Academic professionals need to embrace and facilitate democratic modes of public problem solving while retaining traditional scholarly commitments.
The politics of academic freedom
Authors: Thomas Nancy L.
Published: January 2011

Institutional leaders, faculty, students, and the public need a better understanding of why academic freedom is essential to student learning and to a democracy characterized by open, reasoned, and vigorous political discourse.
Higher education's democratic imperative
Authors: Thomas Nancy L. , Hartley Matthew
Published: January 2011

Where do we go from here? Next steps for higher education.
Comparison of model structural uncertainty using a multi‐objective optimisation method
Authors: Lee Giha , Tachikawa Yausto , Takara Kaoru
Published: January 2011

This study aims to propose a method for effectively recognising and evaluating model structural uncertainty. It began with a comparative assessment of various model structures that have differing features regarding the rainfall‐runoff mechanism and DEM spatial resolution. The assessment applied a multi‐objective optimisation method (MOSCEM‐UA) with two objective functions (simple least‐squares and the heteroscedastic maximum likelihood estimator), and focused on five historical flood events. The study was based on the assumptions that a structurally sound model assures improved prediction results (either minimized or maximized model performance measure), allows constant model performance with regard to objective functions (a small Pareto solution set), and yields good applicability of a calibrated parameter set to various events (good parameter stability). The results indicated that KWMSS, a distributed model, was superior to SFM, a simple lumped model, when estimating a Pareto solution set and assessing parameter stability for the applied events. In addition, three different spatial resolutions (250 m, 500 m, and 1 km) were compared to assess the structural uncertainty due to changes in the topographical representation in distributed rainfall‐runoff modelling. The results indicated that the 250 and 500 m models were Pareto‐equivalent, containing similar Pareto fronts, and both produced Pareto results superior to the 1 km model. Both models also yielded parameter stability values that were much more superior to the model based on a 1 km DEM. As the topographic representation became more detailed, the model showed a tendency to have less structural uncertainty in terms of guarantying better performance, better parameter stability, and a smaller Pareto solution set. On the other hand, the output of a spatially detailed model was likely to be insensitive to the variation of model parameters (i.e. equifinality). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change impacts on groundwater temperature change in the Sendai plain, Japan
Authors: Gunawardhana Luminda Niroshana , Kazama So
Published: January 2011

Groundwater temperature is a key parameter regulating the ecological balance of the ecosystems in groundwater dominated wetlands, estuaries and ponds. This study evaluated the potential impacts of climate change on groundwater temperature and proposed a methodology for use in areas with limited hydrological and metrological data. Groundwater temperatures were measured in 1 m intervals in five observation wells and used for groundwater recharge estimation. Three different techniques, the water balance method, the water level fluctuation (WLF) method and Darcy's method, were performed to verify the estimated recharge rates from the temperature‐depth profiles. Of the six sets of global climate model (GCM) predictions analysed, three of them were selected by considering a range of potential climate changes in the future. The transfer function method was used to downscale the GCM outputs of precipitation and temperature of the Sendai plain. Raw GCM data for nine scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1 from HADCM3, MRI, and ECHAM5 models) and observed data from 1967 to 2006 were used to develop the transfer functions. Derived functions, which were tested for 1927–1966, were used to downscale GCM data for 2060–2099. These predictions were used in a one‐dimensional heat transport model, which was calibrated to the existing site conditions by the water budget technique. There are marked differences among the scenarios and GCMs. However, all the model scenarios projected increasing trends in temperature and precipitation for the 2060–2099 time period. HADCM3 A2 scenario shows the strongest effect compared with the base line climate (1967–2006), which involves an increase in the air temperature of 3·9 °C and an increase in annual precipitation of 345 mm. When considering all GCM scenarios compared with observations in 2006, the aquifer temperature at 8 m depth from the ground surface could possibly increase within the range of 1·2–3·3 °C by 2080. The above findings from the methodology developed here will be important for estimating the impact of climate change and will be useful for environmental management programs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of freshwater input and bay reclamation on long‐term changes in seawater residence times in Tokyo bay, Japan
Authors: Okada Tomonari , Nakayama Keisuke , Takao Toshiyuki , Furukawa Keita
Published: January 2011

In this study, we demonstrated that the residence time of seawater in Tokyo bay, Japan, has changed over time because of fresh water imported from neighbouring catchments and reclamation of portions of the bay. The residence time of seawater was estimated from data collected in 2002, and compared with re‐estimates of the residence time based on data from 1947 to 1974. We also used a numerical model to examine the effects of changes in the freshwater input and in the surface area of the bay on the seawater residence time. Our analysis showed that the seawater residence time decreased by 35% from the period prior to 2002. The effects of the increase in freshwater input and the decrease in the sea surface area over this period on the decrease in residence time were almost the same. Eighty percent of the increase in freshwater input resulted from water imported from neighbouring catchment areas. In terms of the relationship between seawater residence time and water quality, the effects of the imported fresh water were almost the same as those of bay reclamation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Political Knowledge and its Influence on Voting Preferences in the 2007 Federal Election
Authors: Marquis Lionel
Published: January 2011

In this article we propose a model to explain how voters’ perceptions of their ideological proximity to a party affect their propensity to vote for that party. We argue that political knowledge plays a crucial moderating role in the relationship between party proximity and voting propensity. It is necessary, however, to distinguish between institutional knowledge (information about the political system) and party knowledge (information about the parties’ left–right positions). An analysis of survey data from the 2007 Swiss federal elections supports our main hypothesis that party knowledge enhances the link between party proximity and voting propensity. Institutional knowledge may have additional influence, but clear evidence for this effect was obtained only for propensities to vote for the Swiss People's Party (SVP). Overall, the impact of political knowledge was found to be substantial, even after controlling for the outstanding influence of party identification and other predictors of voting propensities.
Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons
Authors: Bühlmann Marc , Widmer Antoinette Feh , Schädel Lisa
Published: January 2011

Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase responsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minorities. However, what good representation should be is debated. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. While the two forms start from different normative assumptions, they both suggest the same impact of high degrees of representation: increased political interest, higher electoral participation and better minority inclusion. We examine the degree of representation of cantonal citizens in the Swiss national parliament. Our results suggest that the cantons differ concerning substantive and descriptive representation. The two forms seem to be mutually exclusive. Testing for the different impacts, the results suggest a better performance of descriptive representation fostering political interest and weakening the attenuating impact of gender on the formation of political interest. Our contribution should be understood as a tentative draft for a more in‐depth analysis of political representation in Switzerland.
Duale oder schulische Berufsausbildung? Entwicklungen und Weichenstellungen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Authors: Ebner Christian , Nikolai Rita
Published: January 2011

In der vergleichenden politischen Ökonomie hat das Thema Ausbildung vor allem seit der “Varieties of Capitalism”‐Forschung an Popularität gewonnen. Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz gelten dabei als Länder, die ihre Arbeitskräfte im Rahmen einer korporatistisch gesteuerten dualen Ausbildung beruflich bilden. Unser Beitrag zeigt jedoch, dass sich die relativen Teilnehmerzahlen verschiedener Bildungsgänge im Sekundarbereich II seit Mitte der 1970er Jahre unterschiedlich entwickelt haben. In Österreich hat sich über die Zeit die staatlich gesteuerte vollzeitschulische Berufsausbildung neben der dualen Ausbildung etabliert. In Deutschland und in der Schweiz ist das duale Ausbildungssystem nach wie vor dominierend. Als ausschlaggebend für die Expansion der vollzeitschulischen Ausbildung in Österreich identifizieren wir drei zentrale Punkte: erstens die Dominanz der österreichischen Sozialdemokratie und deren informelle Zusammenarbeit mit den Christdemokraten, zweitens die Steuerung des österreichischen Bildungswesens durch den Zentralstaat und drittens die breite Unterstützung der Berufsbildungsreformen durch Arbeitgeber und Gewerkschaften. Bedeutende Weichenstellungen erfolgten in den 1970er Jahren.
Hochschulsteuerung im deutschen Bildungsföderalismus
Authors: Kamm Ruth , Köller Michaela
Published: January 2011

Seit einiger Zeit setzen sich in der deutschen Hochschulpolitik und an den Hochschulen Reformen im Rahmen des New Public Managements durch, die zu mehr Selbststeuerung und Effizienzerhöhung führen sollen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Vergleich der Hochschulsteuerung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme Deutschlands vorgenommen. Zunächst werden die derzeitigen hochschulischen Steuerungsinstrumente systematisiert und anschließend zwei Governance‐Modellen zugeordnet, dem bürokratisch‐oligarchischen und dem Management‐Modell. Eine Einordnung der 16 Landeshochschulsysteme auf Basis dieser Systematisierung zeigt für die meisten Bundesländer eine Dominanz jener Steuerungsinstrumente, die dem Management‐Modell zugeordnet werden. Gleichwohl bestehen zwischen den Bundesländern deutliche Unterschiede in den jeweiligen Steuerungssystemen. Trotz der allgemeinen Annäherung an das Management‐Modell sind auf der konkreten Umsetzungsebene Varianten in der Ausgestaltung festzustellen. Demzufolge verwundert es nicht, dass der Erfolg von Hochschulen nicht nachweisbar von der gesetzlichen Verankerung des Management‐Modells abhängt, was am Beispiel der Exzellenzinitiative illustriert wird.
Hochschulföderalismus zwischen Kooperationszwang und Blockadegefahr: Deutschland und die Schweiz im Vergleich
Authors: Griessen Thomas , Braun Dietmar
Published: January 2011

In diesem Artikel werden jüngere Entwicklungen föderaler Koordinations‐ und Verflechtungsstrukturen in der Hochschulpolitik Deutschlands und der Schweiz untersucht. Seit rund zwanzig Jahren führen politische und funktionale Herausforderungen, beispielsweise die Anbindung nationaler Bildungspolitik an internationale Entwicklungen im Bildungsbereich, zu Anpassungszwängen hochschulpolitischer Governance‐Strukturen. Beide Länder waren aber für strukturelle Reformen relativ schlecht gerüstet: Deutschland litt unter der Schwerfälligkeit seiner föderalen Entscheidungsstrukturen, während die Schweiz gerade in der Hochschulpolitik große Mühe hatte, das Handeln zwischen Bund und Kantonen zu koordinieren. In beiden Länder wurden bis ins Jahr 2006 grundlegende Reformen der Governance‐Strukturen im Föderalismus durchgeführt. Der Artikel untersucht, inwiefern diese Reformen dazu beigetragen haben, die Schwächen in der föderalen Koordination beider Länder zu überwinden. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass sich Deutschland trotz der umfassenden Reformen nur wenig gewandelt hat, während die Schweiz institutionell deutlich verflochtener wird, aber institutionelle Mechanismen etabliert hat, die möglicherweise Entscheidungsblockaden verhindern helfen.
The Silent Reform of Swiss Federalism: The New Constitutional Articles on Education
Authors: Fischer Manuel , Sciarini Pascal , Traber Denise
Published: January 2011

This article examines the decision‐making process leading to the new constitutional articles on education in Switzerland. It analyzes how actors from both state levels (Confederation and cantons) could reach consensus in a process that was prone to a “joint‐decision trap”. To that end, we hypothesize which factors may be conducive to a “problem‐solving” style of policy‐making in a compulsory negotiation system. Rich empirical material from various sources supports our theoretical arguments: We show that shared beliefs and a common frame of reference, the procedural separation between constitutional and distributional issues, neutral brokers, and informal structures were all beneficial to the success of the reform project.
Cyclooctatetraene dianion—an artifact?
Authors: Dominikowska Justyna , Palusiak Marcin
Published: January 2011

Cyclooctatetraene in its dianionic form (COT2−) is considered to be partially or fully aromatic due to the fact that, unlike its neutral counterpart, it adopts planar structure with CC bonds equalized. However, some authors report that this dianion is neither planar nor aromatic. Thus, we performed a detailed analysis of the COT2− case. The influence of several technical parameters on the result of calculations on COT2− was investigated. It appears from our analysis that the use of some specific level of approximation may lead to very misleading results in which the COT ring occurs in its neutral structure, in fact being neither planar nor aromatic. Additionally, our results may suggest that COT2− dianion is rather an artificial structure (being the result of specific basis set description) and should not occur in experimental conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011