bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐MnO2 Nanorods for High‐Performance Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries and Highly Conductive Gel‐Type Supercapacitors
Authors: Han Jun , Li Dian‐sen , Jiang Lei , Fang Dai‐ning
Published: January 2022

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is considered as a strong candidate in the field of new‐generation electronic equipment. Herein, Co‐MnO2 has excellent electrochemical properties in tests as the cathode electrode of sodium‐ion batteries and potassium‐ion batteries. The rate performance remains at 50.2 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 for sodium‐ion batteries. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is utilized to evaluate the crystal structure transition from Co0.2‐MnO2 to NaMnO2 with discharge to 1 V, proving that Co‐doping does indeed facilitate the acceleration of ion transport and support layer spacing to stabilize the structure of MnO2. Subsequently, highly conductive (0.0848 S cm−1) gel‐type supercapacitors are prepared by combining Co0.2‐MnO2, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) together. Co0.2‐MnO2 provides capacitive behavior and strengthens the hydrogen bonds between molecules. KOH acts as an ion crosslinker to enhance hydrogen bond and as electrolyte to transport ions. 5 wt% Co0.2‐MnO2@KOH/PVA has superb mechanical endurance, appreciable electrical conductivity, and ideal capacitive behavior. The quasi‐solid‐state supercapacitor demonstrates stabilized longevity (86.5% at 0.2 mA cm−3 after 500 cycles), which can greatly promote the integration of flexible energy storage fabric devices.
Polar Chirality in BiFeO3 Emerging from A Peculiar Domain Wall Sequence
Authors: Fusil Stéphane , Chauleau Jean‐Yves , Li Xiaoyan , Fischer Johanna , Dufour Pauline , Léveillé Cyril , Carrétéro Cécile , Jaouen Nicolas , Viret Michel , Gloter Alexandre , Garcia Vincent
Published: January 2022

Topological states are currently gathering intensive investigation in condensed matter physics due to their potential as configurable electronic devices for the future era coined “topotronics.” Beyond numerous breakthroughs in magnetism over the past decade, a new paradigm is emerging with the proposal of topologically protected objects in ferroelectric materials. Recently, ferroelectric skyrmions and vortices are observed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices, opening the path toward ultra‐small topological objects with low‐power electric‐field control. Here, the observation of chiral polar windings in a single epitaxial thin film, triggered by its self‐organized stripe domain pattern arrangement, is reported. Combining resonant elastic X‐ray scattering and scanning transmission electron microscopy, signatures of polar chirality in epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films corroborated with a complex ferroelectric domain wall structure are shown. The net chirality suggests that domain walls induce a polar rotation through a small path alternating with an unexpected long path at every second domain wall. In addition, scanning probe microscopy reveals singularities associated to this peculiar domain wall structure. These results bring new insights into the unexpected complexity of standard striped‐domain BiFeO3 thin films and open questions as for the driving force of this polar chirality.
Memtransistor Devices Based on MoS2Multilayers with Volatile Switching due to Ag Cation Migration
Authors: Farronato Matteo , Melegari Margherita , Ricci Saverio , Hashemkhani Shahin , Bricalli Alessandro , Ielmini Daniele
Published: January 2022

In the recent years, the need for fast, robust, and scalable memory devices have spurred the exploration of advanced materials with unique electrical properties. Among these materials, 2D semiconductors are promising candidates as they combine atomically thin size, semiconductor behavior, and complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor compatibility. Here a three‐terminal memtransistor device, based on multilayer MoS2with ultrashort channel length, that combines the usual transistor behavior of 2D semiconductors with resistive switching memory operation is presented. The volatile switching behavior is explained by the Ag cation migration along the channel surface. An extensive physical and electrical characterization to investigate the fundamental properties of the device, is presented. Finally, a chain‐type memory array architecture similar to a NAND flash structure consisting of memtransistors is demonstrated, where the individual memory devices can be selected for write and read, paving the way for high‐density, 3D memories based on 2D semiconductors.
Examination of factors related to pathological severity and microperforation in patients undergoing surgery for acute appendicitis
Authors: Sekiguchi Naoko , Matsuyama Jin , Koh Masahiro , Iede Kiyotsugu , Ueda Masami , Tsuda Yujiro , Nakashima Shinsuke , Tanida Tsukasa , Ikenaga Masakazu , Yamada Terumasa
Published: January 2022

Patients suffering from appendicitis with severe pathological findings or microperforation have a poor prognosis. Therefore, when selecting treatments, it is critical to clarify the factors related to histopathological severity and the presence of microperforation in cases diagnosed as mild appendicitis. We retrospectively collected data from 357 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis based on symptoms such as fever, physical findings, blood tests, and imaging findings who underwent surgery at the Higashiosaka City Medical Center between January 2016 and December 2020. We investigated the predictors of pathological severity and the presence or absence of microperforations. Of the 335 patients, 252 (75%) had clinically mild appendicitis. In the multivariate analysis, diameter of the appendix ≥10.9 mm (P = .0013) and C‐reactive protein ≥5.0 mg/dl (P = .0011) were related to gangrenous appendicitis, with odds ratios of 2.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.23‐5.80) and 3.88 (95% confidence interval: 1.71‐8.77), respectively. On the other hand, the presence of an appendicolith (P = .0083) and duration from onset to surgery ≥2 days (P = .0033) were related to microperforation, with odds ratios of 6.82 (95% confidence interval: 1.64‐28.4) and 3.73 (95% confidence interval: 1.21‐12.4), respectively. Patients with gangrenous appendicitis or microperforation had higher rates of postoperative complications, including more cases of Clavien‐Dindo classification III and longer hospital stays (P < .05). Even in cases of clinically mild appendicitis, there is a possibility of microperforation or gangrenous appendicitis. Therefore, it is essential to carefully select the treatment in cases with more than 2 days after symptom onset, a dilated appendix, and an appendicolith.
Ultrafast and Ultralow‐Power Voltage‐Dominated Magnetic Logic
Authors: Pu Yuchen , Lu Ziyao , Mou Hongming , Zhang Xixiang , Zhang Xiaozhong
Published: January 2022

To solve the von Neumann performance bottleneck, many kinds of magnetic logic devices are proposed. However, the operation speed, power consumption, and error rate of these devices are incompatible with complementary metal−oxide−semiconductor (CMOS) logic, and moreover, cascading of the devices is difficult. Herein, instead, a new voltage‐dominated magnetic logic‐memory device is proposed, with switching time of 300 ps and power consumption of 150 fJ, representing ≈10 times improvement compared with CMOS logic on the same scale. The device has a reliable output ratio of >3000%, a low working magnetic field of <10 mT, and a low error rate of ≈10−7. Moreover, complex logic operations, such as XOR gates and a full adder, can be realized using this device via cascading. As a result of these advantages, the magnetic logic‐memory device is well suited for practical applications.
Dehydrated UiO‐66(SH)2: The Zr−O Cluster and Its Photocatalytic Role Mimicking the Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Guo Binbin , Cheng Xiyue , Tang Yu , Guo Wei , Deng Shuiquan , Wu Ling , Fu Xianzhi
Published: January 2022

This work reports the dehydrated Zr‐based MOF UiO‐66(SH)2 as a visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst to mimic the biological N2 fixation process. The 15N2 and other control experiments demonstrated that the new photocatalyst is highly efficient in converting N2 to ammonia. In‐situ TGA, XPS, and EXAFS as well as first‐principles simulations were used to demonstrate the role of the thermal treatment and the changes of the local structures around Zr due to the dehydration. It was shown that the dehydration opened a gate for the entry of N2 molecules into the [Zr6O6] cluster where the strong N≡N bond was broken stepwise by μ‐N−Zr type interactions driven by the photoelectrons aided by the protonation. This mechanism was discussed in comparison with the Lowe–Thorneley mechanism proposed for the MoFe nitrogenase, and with emphasis on the [Zr6O6] cluster effect and the leading role of photoelectrons over the protonation. The results shed new light on understanding the catalytic mechanism of biological N2 fixation and open a new way to fix N2 under mild conditions.
Mapping Dual‐Base‐Enabled Nickel‐Catalyzed Aryl Amidations: Application in the Synthesis of 4‐Quinolones
Authors: McGuire Ryan T. , Lundrigan Travis , MacMillan Joshua W. M. , Robertson Katherine N. , Yadav Arun A. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: January 2022

The C−N cross‐coupling of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides with NH substrates employing nickel catalysts and organic amine bases represents an emergent strategy for the sustainable synthesis of (hetero)anilines. However, unlike protocols that rely on photoredox/electrochemical/reductant methods within NiI/III cycles, the reaction steps that comprise a putative Ni0/II C−N cross‐coupling cycle for a thermally promoted catalyst system using organic amine base have not been elucidated. Here we disclose an efficient new nickel‐catalyzed protocol for the C−N cross‐coupling of amides and 2′‐(pseudo)halide‐substituted acetophenones, for the first time where the (pseudo)halide is chloride or sulfonate, which makes use of the commercial bisphosphine ligand PAd2‐DalPhos (L4) in combination with an organic amine base/halide scavenger, leading to 4‐quinolones. Room‐temperature stoichiometric experiments involving isolated Ni0, I, and II species support a Ni0/II pathway, where the combined action of DBU/NaTFA allows for room‐temperature amide cross‐couplings.
Operando Imaging of Chemical Activity on Gold Plates with Single‐Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy
Authors: Dong Jinrun , Xu Yang , Zhang Ziqing , Feng Jiandong
Published: January 2022

Classical electrochemical characterization tools cannot avoid averaging between the active reaction sites and their support, thus obscuring their intrinsic roles. Single‐molecule electrochemical techniques are thus in high demand. Here, we demonstrate super‐resolution imaging of Ru(bpy)32+ based reactions on Au plates using single‐molecule electrochemiluminescence microscopy. By converting electrochemical signals into optical signals, we manage to achieve the ultimate sensitivity of single‐entity chemistry, that is directly resolving the single photons from individual electrochemical reactions. High spatial resolution, up to 37 nm, further enables mapping Au chemical activity and the reaction kinetics. The spatiotemporally resolved dynamic structure–activity relationship on Au plates shows that the restructuring of catalysts plays an important role in determining the reactivity. Our approach may lead to gaining new insights towards evaluating and designing electrocatalytic systems.
Kinetics‐Regulated Interfacial Selective Superassembly of Asymmetric Smart Nanovehicles with Tailored Topological Hollow Architectures
Authors: Xie Lei , Liu Tianyi , He Yanjun , Zeng Jie , Zhang Wei , Liang Qirui , Huang Zilin , Tang Jinyao , Liang Kang , Jiang Lei , Terasaki Osamu , Zhao Dongyuan , Kong Biao
Published: January 2022

Hollow nanoparticles featuring tunable structures with spatial and chemical specificity are of fundamental interest. However, it remains a significant challenge to design and synthesize asymmetric nanoparticles with controllable topological hollow architecture. Here, a versatile kinetics‐regulated cooperative polymerization induced interfacial selective superassembly strategy is demonstrated to construct a series of asymmetric hollow porous composites (AHPCs) with tunable diameters, architectures and components. The size and number of patches on Janus nanoparticles can be precisely manipulated by the precursor and catalyst content. Notably, AHPCs exhibit excellent photothermal conversion performance under the irradiation of a near infrared (NIR) laser. Thus, AHPCs are utilized as NIR light‐triggered nanovehicles and cargos can be controllably released. In brief, this versatile superassembly approach offers a streamlined and powerful toolset to design diverse asymmetric hollow porous composites.
Implementing a Surgical Smoke Evacuation Policy and Procedure: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Ostapovych Ulana , Vortman Rebecca
Published: January 2022

Energy‐generating surgical devices (eg, electrosurgical units, lasers) produce surgical smoke that can cause negative health effects in exposed individuals. In 2019, a review of nursing documentation at an urban teaching hospital revealed that personnel were properly evacuating surgical smoke during less than 0.5% of applicable procedures. To address the noncompliance and reduce exposure to surgical smoke, an interdisciplinary team initiated a quality improvement project to implement a surgical smoke evacuation policy for all smoke‐generating procedures. The project included creation and implementation of a smoke evacuation policy, staff member education on the hazards of surgical smoke and proper evacuation device use, and acquisition of the proper smoke evacuation equipment. After instituting the policy in June 2020, results of a three‐month chart audit showed that there was nursing documentation confirming personnel used energy‐generating devices and the corresponding surgical smoke evacuation devices during 664 of 2,224 procedures, for a compliance rate of 30%.
Operational Effect of COVID‐19 on Surgical Care at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Ferry Andrew M. , Dibbs Rami P. , Ward Amanda , Velez Veronica , Ringold Sarah L. , Archer Nakeisha M. , Winebar Janet M. , Andropoulos Dean B. , Hollier Jr Larry H.
Published: January 2022

The detrimental effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have profoundly disrupted surgical care at health care facilities worldwide. At our tertiary pediatric hospital, we made substantial adjustments to surgical suite utilization and staff member scheduling to account for reductions in surgical volume, increased demand for staff members in other sectors of the hospital, and the highly infectious properties of the virus. Perioperative leaders took advantage of the pandemic’s disruption to clinical activities to design and implement a new procedure‐scheduling process to rectify the inefficiencies that had accumulated as the previous system evolved. The implementation of said directives was largely facilitated by establishing communication with all involved parties for their input and feedback throughout the process. Although COVID‐19 has had varying effects on procedural operations across pediatric health care facilities, we believe our institutional response to the disruptive forces of COVID‐19 is of benefit to pediatric hospitals worldwide.
Oxidized cyclodextrin inclusion tea tree oil to prepare long‐lasting antibacterial collagen scaffold for enhanced wound healing
Authors: Song Qiantao , Wang Lu , Chen Yining , Dan Weihua , Dan Nianhua
Published: January 2022

Not only are the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of biomaterials important considerations, but also their antibacterial properties. Fetal cowhide acellular dermal matrix (FADM), as a collagen scaffold with good biocompatibility and bioactivity, is difficult to be used to promote wound healing due to lack of sufficient mechanical strength and resistance to degradation. In order to solve this defect and give it long‐lasting antibacterial properties, a novel chemically‐cross‐linked antibacterial fetal cowhide acellular dermal matrix scaffold (β‐CD/TTO‐FADM) was fabricated by simultaneous modification by oxidized cyclodextrin (OCD) and tea tree oil (TTO). The cross‐linking of OCD improved the physical and chemical properties of FADM. TTO endowed it wide‐spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Apart from this, the drug‐carrying capacity of OCD could also control the release of the TTO, and made the antibacterial ability durable and temperature sensitive. In addition, cell experiments and animal experiments showed that β‐CD/TTO‐FADM had good biocompatibility and could accelerate the wound healing process. Overall, an improved wound dressing with antibacterial properties that can be used in clinics has been developed, and it has also provided ideas for the development and application of drug‐loaded crosslinking agents.
Finite‐time observability of probabilistic Boolean control networks
Authors: Pan Qinyao , Zhong Jie , Lin Lin , Li Bowen , Liu Xiaoxu
Published: January 2022

In this paper, the finite‐time observability (FO) of probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) based on set reachability and parallel extension is investigated. Under algebraic state space representation of PBCNs, finite‐time set reachability (FSR), finite‐time single input sequence set reachability (FSSSR), finite‐time arbitrary input sequence set reachability (FASSR), as well as finite‐time output feedback set reachability (FOSR) are addressed, where some efficient criteria are proposed. In the second part of this paper, several types of FO are provided, which can be converted to the corresponding FSR based on the parallel extension technique. Consequently, the obtained results for FSR are utilized to deal with FO. Finally, two examples including a biological network are given to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Biomass‐Derived Hierarchically Porous (Nitrogen, Phosphorus) Co‐Doped SiOx/C Composite Nanosheet Architectures for Superior Lithium Storage and Ultra‐Long Cycle Performance
Authors: Song Luting , Zhao Tingqiao , Tan Xinghua , Mao Dongdong , Su Sai , Fan Zhengwei , Chu Weiguo
Published: January 2022

Biomasses receive much attention as carbon sources for anodes of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries and cathodes of lithium‐sulfur batteries due to their low costs, easy availability and potentially high capacities which unfortunately deliver unsatisfactory performances normally. However, biomasses used as silicon instead of carbon‐dominated sources have never been touched before. Here, we report a facile preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus heteroatoms co‐doped hierarchically porous and cross‐linked SiOx/C composite nanosheet architectures from catkins without the introduction of alien Si (N/P‐SiOx/C‐NSs) using chemical exfoliation and treatments. This unique structure composed of novel multiple‐phase composites is revealed to show superior fast kinetics and ultra‐long cycle life with about 340 mAh g−1 and almost no capacity decay after 10000 cycles at 10 A g−1, far beyond those of conventional carbon and SiOx‐based anode materials. The superior performance is closely related to excellent electronic conduction arising from the cross‐linkage architecture, well‐graphitized carbon and uniform co‐doping of nitrogen and phosphorus, rapid ionic transport kinetics from rich hierarchical pores, and outstanding stability from the rigid nanosheet networks. This study sets a precedent of catkins as silicon instead of conventional carbon‐only sources for anode materials, which can largely enhance the role of biomasses in energy storage.
Crosslinked Polymer‐Brush Electrolytes: An Approach to Safe All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries at Room Temperature
Authors: Ji Xiaoyu , Li Shimei , Cao Mengxue , Liang Ruiqi , Xiao Lin‐Lin , Yue Kan , Liu Shaohong , Zhou Xingui , Guo Zi‐Hao
Published: January 2022

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Zi‐Hao Guo from South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. The cover picture demonstrates a room‐temperature lithium metal battery enabled by all‐solid‐state organic polymer electrolytes with crosslinked short‐brush architecture, and the future world powered by next‐generation high‐energy solid‐state batteries. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202100319.
LC‐HRMS‐based targeted metabolomics for high‐throughput and quantitative analysis of 21 growth inhibition‐related metabolites in Chinese hamster ovary cell fed‐batch cultures
Authors: Lai Zijuan , Choudhury Feroza K. , Tang Danming , Liang Xiaorong , Dean Brian , Misaghi Shahram , Sangaraju Dewakar
Published: January 2022

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic proteins. CHO cells in fed‐batch cultures produce various amino acid–derived intermediate metabolites. These small molecule metabolic byproducts have proven to be critical to cell growth, culture performance, and, more interestingly, antibody drug productivity. Herein, we developed an LC‐HRMS‐based targeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive quantification of total 21 growth inhibition‐related metabolites generated from 14 different amino acids in CHO cell fed‐batch cultures. High throughput derivatization procedures, matrix‐matched calibration curves, stable isotope‐labeled internal standards, and accurate mass full MS scan were utilized to achieve our goal for a wide range of metabolite screening as well as validity and reliability of metabolite quantification. We further present a novel analytical strategy for extending the assay's dynamic range by utilizing naturally occurring isotope M + 1 ion as a quantification analog in the circumstances where the principal M ion is beyond its calibration range. The integrated method was qualified for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, isotope analysis, and other analytical aspects to demonstrate assay robustness. We then applied this metabolomics approach to characterize metabolites of interest in a CHO cell‐based monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process with fed‐batch bioreactor culture mode. Absolute quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis illustrated that our target analytes derived from amino acids, especially from branched‐chain amino acids, closely correlated with cell viability and significantly differentiated cellular stages in production process.
Li/graphene oxide primary battery system and mechanism
Authors: Kornilov Denis , Penki Tirupathi Rao , Cheglakov Andrey , Aurbach Doron
Published: January 2022

A novel type of Li/graphene oxide (Li/GO) battery based on a spontaneous redox reaction between Li metal and GO cathode is introduced as an alternative viable primary battery system. Here, we present an efficient synthesis of GO by the modified Hummers method and focus on a comprehensive study of the reduction mechanism. The Li/GO battery was thoroughly analyzed by various physical and electrochemical methods. GO rich in oxygen‐bearing functional groups on graphene layers provided lithium storage sites and delivered a high discharge capacity of around 720 mAh/g at 12 mA/g. Products formed on the surface during reduction were analyzed, and a mechanism was proposed. The results uncovered the reasons underlying the improved electrochemical properties and the contribution of the irreversible capacity of reduced GO in graphene‐based composite electrode materials for metal‐ion batteries. The Li/GO concept is expected to shed light on the design of similar M/GO batteries based on other active metal anodes (e.g., M = Na, Mg, Al, Zn).
Preparation of Nanocatalysts Using Deposition Precipitation with Urea: Mechanism, Advantages and Results
Authors: Chrouda Amani , Mahmoud Ali Ahmed Shazalia , Babiker Elamin Manahil
Published: January 2022

The main works carried out on precipitation deposition with urea (DPU) are summarized. This method is widely applied and considered as excellent for the preparation of catalysts. It proved to be the optimum technique, e.g., in view of deposition yield, total reduced particle size, high particle distribution, and metal‐support interaction. The influence of several parameters on the DPU process, such as the effect of temperature during deposition, maturation time, annealing manner of the final powder, metal and the urea concentrations and others, are discussed. The main steps of the DPU, the preparation of monometallic catalysts by this variant, and the bimetallic catalysts obtained by co‐deposition precipitation with urea (CO‐DPU) are described.
Reduction of radiation exposure during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Paulus Michael G. , Meindl Christine , Hamerle Michael , Schach Christian , Maier Lars S. , Debl Kurt , Birner Christoph , Unsöld Bernhard
Published: January 2022

Background

Transcatheter mitral valve repair is an increasingly used therapy for mitral regurgitation which requires fluoroscopic guidance. Limiting radiation exposure during lengthy procedures is important for both patient and operator safety. This study aimed to investigate radiation dose during contemporary use of MitraClip implantation and the effects of a dose reduction program.

Methods

A total of 115 patients who underwent MitraClip implantation were prospectively enrolled in a single‐center observational study. During the inclusion period, our institution adopted a radiation dose reduction program, comprising lowering of fluoroscopy pulse rate and image target dose. The first 58 patients were treated with conventional fluoroscopy settings, while the following 57 patients underwent the procedure with the newly implemented low dose protocol.

Results

Radiation dose area product significantly decreased after introduction of the low dose protocol (693 [366–1231] vs. 2265 [1517–3914] cGy·cm2, p < 0.001). After correcting for fluoroscopy time, gender and body mass index, the low dose protocol emerged as a strong negative predictor of radiation dose (p < 0.001), reducing dose area product by 64% (95% confidence interval [57–70]). Device time, device success, and procedural safety did not differ between the normal dose and low dose group. Furthermore, the low dose protocol was not associated with an increased incidence of a combined endpoint consisting of death, repeat intervention, or heart surgery during 12 months follow‐up.

Conclusion

Reduction of radiation exposure during transcatheter mitral valve repair by 64% is feasible without affecting procedural success or safety.
Impact of inferior vena cava entry characteristics on tricuspid annular access during transcatheter interventions
Authors: Ranard Lauren S. , Vahl Torsten P. , Chung Christine J. , Sadri Shirin , Khalique Omar K. , Hamid Nadira , Nazif Tamim , George Isaac , Ng Vivian , Patel Amisha , Rezende Carolina P. , Reisman Mark , Latib Azeem , Hausleiter Jörg , Sorajja Paul , Bapat Vinayak N. , Tang Gilbert H. L. , Davidson Charles J. , Zahr Firas , Makkar Raj , Fam Neil P. , Granada Juan F. , Leon Martin B. , Hahn Rebecca T. , Kodali Susheel
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to characterize the anatomic relationship between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and tricuspid annulus (TA) and its potential impact on the performance of transcatheter TV interventions.

Background

Transcatheter tricuspid valve (TV) interventions are emerging as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of severe, symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Progression of TR is associated with right heart dilatation. These anatomic changes may distort the IVC–TA relationship and impact successful implantation of transcatheter devices.

Methods

Fifty patients who presented with symptomatic TR for consideration of transcatheter TV therapy with an available CT were included in the study. Comprehensive transesophageal echocardiogram and CT analyses were performed to assess the right‐sided cardiac chambers, TA and IVC–TA relationship.

Results

The mean age of the study cohort was 78.4 ± 8.9 years. Torrential TR was present in 54% (n = 27). There was considerable variation in the short axis mid‐IVC to mid‐TA offset (SAXMID 18.2 ± 7.9 mm, range 4.7–42.1 mm).

Conclusions

The IVC‐to‐TA relationship exhibits significant variability in patients with symptomatic TR. CT analysis of the tricuspid anatomy, including the relationship to the surrounding structures and the IVC, is essential for planning transcatheter TV interventions. Further studies are needed to define whether the IVC‐to‐TA relationship is a predictor of technical success in the context of specific transcatheter delivery systems.
A case series of myocardial infarction in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients: Same complication, different outcomes
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Eslami Samira , Vakili Kimia , Habibi Khorasani Shirin , Haghazali Mehrdad , khalilipur Ehsan
Published: January 2022

Thrombosis is frequently observed in COVID‐19, especially in critically ill patients. Management of such life‐threatening conditions is of high importance in the context of the current pandemic. Herein, we provide a case series of myocardial infarction in the clinical evolution of COVID‐19, emphasizing its importance and implications on the cardiovascular system.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cd4/TiO2 Catalyst: Insight into Multifunctional Interface
Authors: Li Guanna , Meeprasert Jittima , Wang Jijie , Li Can , Pidko Evgeny A.
Published: January 2022

Supported metal catalysts have shown to be efficient for CO2 conversion due to their multifunctionality and high stability. Herein, we have combined density functional theory calculations with microkinetic modeling to investigate the catalytic reaction mechanisms of CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH over a recently reported catalyst of Cd4/TiO2. Calculations reveal that the metal‐oxide interface is the active center for CO2 hydrogenation and methanol formation via the formate pathway dominates over the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) pathway. Microkinetic modeling demonstrated that formate species on the surface of Cd4/TiO2 is the relevant intermediate for the production of CH3OH, and CH2O# formation is the rate‐determining step. These findings demonstrate the crucial role of the Cd‐TiO2 interface for controlling the CO2 reduction reactivity and CH3OH selectivity.
Efficacy and safety of same‐day discharge after atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rashedi Sina , Tavolinejad Hamed , Kazemian Sina , Mardani Mahta , Masoudi Maryam , Masoudkabir Farzad , Haghjoo Majid
Published: January 2022

Conventionally, patients have been admitted overnight after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. Several centers have recently adopted a same‐day discharge (SDD) protocol for patients undergoing AF catheter ablation. We aimed to systematically review the current evidence for the safety and efficacy of SDD after AF catheter ablation. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library until August 21, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed with the “Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies” (MINORS). The pooled efficacy rate of SDD protocol (defined as the proportion of patients discharged the same day of ablation among the patients who were planned for SDD) was calculated. Meanwhile, pooled major complication rates and early readmission or emergency department (ED) visit rates were evaluated in successful and planned SDD groups separately. Overall, 12 observational studies consisting of 18,065 catheter ablations were included, among which 7320 (40.52%) were discharged the same‐day after ablation. The pooled efficacy was 90.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] [82.7–96.0]). The major complication rates were 1.1% (95%CI [0.5–1.9]), and 0.7% (95% CI [0.0–3.1]) in planned SDD and successful SDD groups, respectively. In addition, readmission/ED visit rate were 3.0% (95%CI [0.9–6.1]), and 3.1% (95% CI [0.8–6.5]) in the same groups. There were no significant differences between planned SDD and overnight groups with respect to major complication rate (risk ratio = 0.70, 95%CI [0.35–1.42], p‐value = .369). The available data indicates that SDD after AF ablation is safe and efficient. Further prospective and randomized studies are warranted to elucidate the safety of SDD after AF ablation and develop a standardized SDD protocol.
Mass Spectrometric Assays Reveal Discrepancies in Inhibition Profiles for the SARS‐CoV‐2 Papain‐Like Protease
Authors: Brewitz Lennart , Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Lukacik Petra , Strain‐Damerell Claire , Zhao Yilin , Tumber Anthony , Malla Tika R. , Orville Allen M. , Walsh Martin A. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: January 2022

The two SARS‐CoV‐2 proteases, i. e. the main protease (Mpro) and the papain‐like protease (PLpro), which hydrolyze the viral polypeptide chain giving functional non‐structural proteins, are essential for viral replication and are medicinal chemistry targets. We report a high‐throughput mass spectrometry (MS)‐based assay which directly monitors PLpro catalysis in vitro. The assay was applied to investigate the effect of reported small‐molecule PLpro inhibitors and selected Mpro inhibitors on PLpro catalysis. The results reveal that some, but not all, PLpro inhibitor potencies differ substantially from those obtained using fluorescence‐based assays. Some substrate‐competing Mpro inhibitors, notably PF‐07321332 (nirmatrelvir) which is in clinical development, do not inhibit PLpro. Less selective Mpro inhibitors, e. g. auranofin, inhibit PLpro, highlighting the potential for dual PLpro/Mpro inhibition. MS‐based PLpro assays, which are orthogonal to widely employed fluorescence‐based assays, are of utility in validating inhibitor potencies, especially for inhibitors operating by non‐covalent mechanisms.
High‐throughput and High‐speed Absorbance Measurements in Microfluidic Droplets using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Mekki‐Berrada Flore , Xie Jiaxun , Khan Saif A.
Published: January 2022

The recent progress of machine learning and microfluidics in the chemical and biological sciences has motivated the development of new online techniques to interrogate the (bio)chemical contents within moving droplets. To accelerate the optical characterization of new materials and chemical reactions, we combine a line‐scan hyperspectral imaging system with a droplet‐based microfluidic reactor. We demonstrate the performance of this platform on a model chemistry – silver nanoparticle synthesis. The platform can image the spectral signature of ∼400 individual droplets in only 15 s, with droplet flow speeds exceeding 4 cm/s in the reaction tube. After correction of the keystone and smile effects on the hyperspectral images, the absorbance spectra are extracted from the droplets with an accuracy comparable to industrial spectrophotometers. The time evolution of the UV/Vis absorbance spectra during the reactive synthesis can be tracked either by scanning all the droplets present in the reaction tube or by following a subset of the droplet ensemble at frame rates up to 92 fps. This high‐throughput and high‐speed platform is particularly interesting for screening large parameter spaces and imaging fast reactions with a high resolution, for eventual coupling with advanced machine learning techniques to infer kinetic models and obtain detailed mechanistic insights.
Multi‐objective location‐allocation‐routing problem of perishable multi‐product supply chain with direct shipment and open routing possibilities under sustainability
Authors: Aghaei Fishani Behzad , Mahmoodirad Ali , Niroomand Sadegh , Fallah Mohammad
Published: January 2022

In this study, a multi‐objective formulation is proposed for designing a supply chain of perishable products including suppliers, plants, distributors, and customers under sustainable development. In addition to the studies of the literature, direct shipment between producers and customers and also alternative products possibility are allowed. In this problem, the objectives, such as facilities establishment costs, transportation costs, negative environmental impacts, and social impact (fixed and variable employment rates) are optimized simultaneously. As in real situations, most of the transportation activities of such supply chain are performed by hiring transportation devices, the open routing logic is applied to form the traveling path of each hired transportation device. Furthermore, the possibility of direct shipment from the plants to the customers is considered in order to increase profitability of the plants. Because of the NP‐hard nature of the supply chain design problems, some meta‐heuristic solution approaches of the literature are modified to multi‐objective form and applied to solve the problem. Several test problems from small to large sizes are generated randomly to evaluate the meta‐heuristic algorithms. As a result, among the proposed algorithms, the multi‐objective gray wolf optimizer (MGWO) performs better than others by considering four well‐known evaluation metrics. Finally, a case study from perishable products supply chain of Iran is solved and analyzed to show the applicability of the proposed problem.
Getting Started with the IDG KMC Datasets and Tools
Authors: Kropiwnicki Eryk , Binder Jessica L. , Yang Jeremy J. , Holmes Jayme , Lachmann Alexander , Clarke Daniel J. B. , Sheils Timothy , Kelleher Keith J. , Metzger Vincent T. , Bologa Cristian G. , Oprea Tudor I. , Ma'ayan Avi
Published: January 2022

The Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) consortium is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund program designed to enhance our knowledge of under‐studied proteins, more specifically, proteins unannotated within the three most commonly drug‐targeted protein families: G‐protein coupled receptors, ion channels, and protein kinases. Since 2014, the IDG Knowledge Management Center (IDG‐KMC) has generated several open‐access datasets and resources that jointly serve as a highly translational machine‐learning‐ready knowledgebase focused on human protein‐coding genes and their products. The goal of the IDG‐KMC is to develop comprehensive integrated knowledge for the druggable genome to illuminate the uncharacterized or poorly annotated portion of the druggable genome. The tools derived from the IDG‐KMC provide either user‐friendly visualizations or ways to impute the knowledge about potential targets using machine learning strategies. In the following protocols, we describe how to use each web‐based tool to accelerate illumination in under‐studied proteins. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Interacting with the Pharos user interface

Basic Protocol 2: Accessing the data in Harmonizome

Basic Protocol 3: The ARCHS4 resource

Basic Protocol 4: Making predictions about gene function with PrismExp

Basic Protocol 5: Using Geneshot to illuminate knowledge about under‐studied targets

Basic Protocol 6: Exploring under‐studied targets with TIN‐X

Basic Protocol 7: Interacting with the DrugCentral user interface

Basic Protocol 8: Estimating Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activities with DrugCentral REDIAL‐2020

Basic Protocol 9: Drug Set Enrichment Analysis using Drugmonizome

Basic Protocol 10: The Drugmonizome‐ML Appyter

Basic Protocol 11: The Harmonizome‐ML Appyter

Basic Protocol 12: GWAS target illumination with TIGA

Basic Protocol 13: Prioritizing kinases for lists of proteins and phosphoproteins with KEA3

Basic Protocol 14: Converting PubMed searches to drug sets with the DrugShot Appyter
Integrating Biocatalysis with Viscous Deep Eutectic Solvents in Lab‐On‐A‐Chip Microreactors
Authors: Guajardo Nadia , Domínguez de María Pablo , Canales Roberto
Published: January 2022

The combination of deep eutectic solvents (DESs, ChCl/glycerol 1 : 2) with buffer (up to 15 % v/v) leads to solvent mixtures that exert viscosities below 25 mPa s−1 at 45 °C while keeping their non‐aqueous nature. This enables the setup of efficient enzymatic esterifications, which can also be applied in different continuous systems. Following those premises, the use of microreactors in biocatalytic reactions was explored using (low‐viscous) DES‐buffer media, showing that reactions could be performed efficiently. Under non‐optimized conditions, the microreactor devices led to specific productivities considerably higher than those observed in the batch reactor (14 vs. 0.24 mgproduct min−1 mgbiocat−1) at the same enzyme loadings and conversion of 6 % (to assure a fair comparison). Looking beyond, the combination of several microchannels (e. g., in scale‐out fashion) with DES‐water media may lead to powerful, sustainable, and efficient tools for industrial synthesis.
Ensuring the Sustainability of Biocatalysis
Authors: Woodley John M.
Published: January 2022

Abstract: Biocatalysis offers many attractive features for the synthetic chemist. In many cases, the high selectivity and ability to tailor specific enzyme features via protein engineering already make it the catalyst of choice. From the perspective of sustainability, several features such as catalysis under mild conditions and use of a renewable and biodegradable catalyst also look attractive. Nevertheless, to be sustainable at a larger scale it will be essential to develop processes operating at far higher concentrations of product, and which make better use of the enzyme via improved stability. In this Concept, it is argued that a particular emphasis on these specific metrics is of particular importance for the future implementation of biocatalysis in industry, at a level that fulfills its true potential.
Across the Board: Gabriele Centi on Decoupling Electrocatalytic Reactions to Electrify Chemical Production
Authors: Centi Gabriele
Published: January 2022

In this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. G. Centi, who discusses the decoupling of the electrocatalytic reactions to realize spatiotemporal separation of the anodic and cathodic processes using redox mediators. This solution allows to potentially overcome the limitations due to intermittency of renewable energy production, besides a series of other advantages such as an improved energy efficiency.
Formation of energy spectra of electrons in a dense weakly ionized plasma generated by fission fragments
Authors: Shapiyeva Aigerim , Son Eduard , Kunakov Sandybek
Published: January 2022

For a weakly ionized dense plasma irradiated by fission fragments, the coupled self‐consistent Boltzmann equations for fission fragments and electrons are defined. The evolution of the energy spectra of fast particles in a plasma is investigated on the basis of these equations. Studies of the energy distribution function of fission fragments and primary electrons for a helium‐3 plasma irradiated by neutron flux, as well as their non‐stationary and stationary analytical solutions, are found and analysed.
MIRIAM: A machine and deep learning single‐cell segmentation and quantification pipeline for multi‐dimensional tissue images
Authors: McKinley Eliot T. , Shao Justin , Ellis Samuel T. , Heiser Cody N. , Roland Joseph T. , Macedonia Mary C. , Vega Paige N. , Shin Susie , Coffey Robert J. , Lau Ken S.
Published: January 2022

Increasingly, highly multiplexed tissue imaging methods are used to profile protein expression at the single‐cell level. However, a critical limitation is the lack of robust cell segmentation tools for tissue sections. We present Multiplexed Image Resegmentation of Internal Aberrant Membranes (MIRIAM) that combines (a) a pipeline for cell segmentation and quantification that incorporates machine learning‐based pixel classification to define cellular compartments, (b) a novel method for extending incomplete cell membranes, and (c) a deep learning‐based cell shape descriptor. Using human colonic adenomas as an example, we show that MIRIAM is superior to widely utilized segmentation methods and provides a pipeline that is broadly applicable to different imaging platforms and tissue types.
Climate change, land cover change, and overharvesting threaten a widely used medicinal plant in South Africa
Authors: Groner Vivienne P. , Nicholas Owen , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Slotow Rob , Akçakaya H. Reşit , Mace Georgina M. , Pearson Richard G.
Published: January 2022

Medicinal plants contribute substantially to the well‐being of people in large parts of the world, providing traditional medicine and supporting livelihoods from trading plant parts, which is especially significant for women in low‐income communities. However, the availability of wild medicinal plants is increasingly threatened; for example, the Natal Lily (Clivia miniata), which is one of the most widely traded plants in informal medicine markets in South Africa, lost over 40% of individuals over the last 90 years. Understanding the species’ response to individual and multiple pressures is essential for prioritizing and planning conservation actions. To gain this understanding, we simulated the future range and abundance of C. miniata by coupling Species Distribution Models with a metapopulation model (RAMAS‐GIS). We contrasted scenarios of climate change (RCP2.6 vs. RCP8.5), land cover change (intensification vs. expansion), and harvesting (only juveniles vs. all life‐stages). All our scenarios pointed to continuing declines in suitable habitat and abundance by the 2050s. When acting independently, climate change, land cover change, and harvesting each reduced the projected abundance substantially, with land cover change causing the most pronounced declines. Harvesting individuals from all life stages affected the projected metapopulation size more negatively than extracting only juveniles. When the three pressures acted together, declines of suitable habitat and abundance accelerated but uncertainties were too large to identify whether pressures acted synergistically, additively, or antagonistically. Our results suggest that conservation should prioritize the protection of suitable habitat and ensure sustainable harvesting to support a viable metapopulation under realistic levels of climate change. Inadequate management of C. miniata populations in the wild will likely have negative consequences for the well‐being of people relying on this ecosystem service, and we expect there may be comparable consequences relating to other medicinal plants in different parts of the world.