bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BRICS AND MINT
Authors: Bankole John Falana  , Damilare Moses Adebayo
Published: August 2024

This study examined the relationship between renewable energy, financial development and economic growth in BRICS and MINT nations. The data used for the study was obtained from the World Bank development indicators from 1990-2022. The data was analysed using panel regression analysis(Pooled OLS) and Fixed Effects as well as the Dumitrescu-Hullin (2012) test for causality the result of the analysis showed that broad money per GDP had a positive impact on economic growth in MINT countries while it had a negative impact on economic growth BRICS nations. Market capitalisation per GDP was found to have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in BRIC nations Renewable energy on the other hand had a negative impact on economic growth in MINT countries while it had a negative impact on economic growth in BRICS nations. Renewable energy also had a unidirectional causality relationship with economic growth.
KEYWORDS: Renewable Energy, Financial Development, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development
Sources of Endogenous Economic Growth in 83 Russian Regions
Authors: Bagautdinova Nailya , Kadochnikova Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

According to the theory of endogenous growth, technologies play a key role in economic development. Digital technologies, as innovations that create new innovations, change economic activity and create new opportunities for economic growth. Digitalization helps to reduce specific economic costs, changes the nature of work. It also causes the substitution of labor with capital. The study is devoted to characterizing the features of regional development and evaluate digital predictors of economic growth. We used a sample of data from 83 regions in the period 2009-2019, excluding from the sample years 2020 and 2021 because of changes in economic dynamics under the influence of pandemic shocks. Econometric estimates are obtained using least squares and a feasible generalized least squares method based on unidirectional panel data models. A statistically significant influence of the number of university students, innovation costs on the growth rate of gross regional product per capita was found. The impact of the number of granted patents and the number of Internet users of the organization on the regional development was not confirmed. The results of the study emphasize the necessity of state science and innovation policy to reduce technological inequality, strengthen macroeconomic stability, high level of qualifications and technologies. The direction of further research can be the creation of indicator system measuring the quality of political and economic institutions.
Convergence of Life Expectancy, a Component of Human Development Index, from the Perspective of Different Income Groups
Authors: Sarı Selahattin , Türkmen Adem , Emsen Hatıra Sadeghzadeh , Emsen Ömer Selçuk
Published: August 2024

The argument that health indicators, which are one of the three equally weighted elements of the Human Development Index, have ceased to be an indicator of development was examined for the period between 1972 and 2020. In the first stage of the study, the evolution of life expectancy was examined descriptively in the context of the classification of the world's countries as high-income, middle-income (upper and lower middle) and low-income. If the average life expectancy in each group is taken as 100 in 1972, it can be seen that life expectancy has increased most in low-income countries (140.9), followed by middle-income (128.6) and high-income countries (112.8). In addition, this situation was analyzed using unit root tests. The series obtained by relating the average life value of the high-, middle-, and low-income groups to Japan, which represents the highest life value, are stationary at the level. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the development gap between countries in the world in terms of income is gradually deepening, giving rise to a divergence mechanism, while the development gap in terms of average life is gradually narrowing, that is, the existence of convergence in terms of average life. In the convergence of health, both humanistic motives and individual motives (the realization that if all humanity is not saved, as in the last pandemic, no one's salvation will be possible) have been effective.
Digital Economy and Competitiveness: An Evaluation on Selected Asian Countries
Authors: Akar Tuba , Akar Gökhan , Ay Ahmet
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide an assessment of the status and development of the digital economy and digital competitiveness in selected Asian economies. Today's economy has become more digital due to scientific and technological developments. The digital economy is an economy based on digital technologies, knowledge and innovation. It involves the primary use of information technology hardware, software, applications, and telecommunications in all sectors of the economy. The importance of the research is that it presents an approach to determine the competitive position of countries in terms of digitalization.
The study assessed the digital competitiveness positions of selected Asian countries on the basis of specially selected indicators. Eight Asian countries were included in the study: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and China. The study examined and compared the Network Readiness Index, Digital Competitiveness Index and E-Government Index. In addition, the World Bank, UNCTAD and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) databases were used as digital economy indicators.
When the indices and indicators included in the study to evaluate competition in the digital economy are evaluated as a whole, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea have come to the forefront among the countries studied, while Indonesia and Thailand have lagged behind these countries. As a result, the study discusses what needs to be done for countries to maintain and improve their digital competitiveness and use modern digital technologies in all sectors of the economy.
Federal Reserve Bank’s Deviations from Monetary Policy Rules and their Spillover Effects
Authors: Şeker Onur , Yılmaz Fatih
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the FED's deviations from monetary policy rules on the Turkish economy. In other words, the spillover effect of the FED's monetary policy was examined. The dataset used in the study was divided into two parts as rule-based and discretionary periods with reference to Taylor (2012), and the interaction between the variables was examined using structural VAR models. The results show that deviations from monetary policy rules have quite significant effects on the Turkish economy in the period when the FED is closer to discretionary policy. Considering that the economies of developing countries such as Turkey are more affected by the monetary policies of the FED than the developed countries, it can be said that transparent and predictable monetary policies are an effective tool to be protected from these global effects. In addition, the diversification of the foreign trade portfolio and the strengthening of foreign exchange reserves are also extremely important in making the Turkish economy resilient to the shocks resulting from the FED's monetary policies.
Training of highly qualified personnel for the agricultural sector of the economy in the conditions of modern transformations
Authors: Zapsha Halyna , Sedov Viacheslav
Published: August 2024

Training of highly qualified personnel for the agricultural sector of the economy in the conditions of modern transformations
The article conducts a scientific study of the essence of the "personnel" category, summarizes the normative and legal principles of defining the content of the concept of "highly qualified personnel", and reveals the potential benefits of the proposed comprehensive approach to modernizing the system of training highly qualified personnel for the agrarian sector of the economy in the conditions of modern transformations. The role and place of the agricultural sector in developing the national economy are revealed. The factors that determine the need to modernize are characterized by the strengthening of the influence of globalization processes, the acceleration of scientific and technical progress, climate change, and the aggravation of socio-economic problems in connection with the war. Modern vectors of development of scientific and technical progress in the context of Industry 4.0 and the justified need to implement the strategy of introducing innovations in the agricultural sector are highlighted. The experience of innovative activities of leading agricultural enterprises of the country was studied. The direct dependence of the effectiveness of the implementation of the innovative development strategy on the quality of personnel in the agricultural sector has been proven. A comprehensive approach to the modernization of the system of training highly qualified personnel for the agrarian sector of the economy as a holistic management system with the definition of its goals, principles, functions, methods, personnel support, organizational structures and other components is proposed. The applied use of the research results, which are significant, will contribute to the improvement of the training of highly qualified personnel for the agricultural sector in the conditions of modern transformations.
Keywords: personnel, highly qualified personnel, agricultural sector, personnel training system, agricultural institutions of higher education, modern transformations.
Organizational-economic and legal mechanisms of increasing the security efficiency of resource management of innovation-oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry in the context of digitalization
Authors: Melnyk Iryna , Hmelnitska Yevgenia , Bahan Nadiia
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms that increase the security and efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented hospitality industry enterprises in the context of digitalization.
The study, crucial for the future of the hospitality industry, aimed to investigate the organizational, economic, and legal mechanisms for enhancing the security and efficiency of resource management in innovatively oriented hospitality enterprises within the context of digitalization.
Given that one of the strategic tasks of the modern stage of development of the hospitality industry is to saturate the market with appropriate services that provide rationality and economy in the use of the critical resources of the enterprise: land, material, intangible, labor, financial, informational, time and entrepreneurial, its implementation determines the need the development of specific measures and the formation of a set of tools that would ensure the accelerated introduction of the hospitality industry to a new stage of economic development with further improvement of the efficiency of the production and economic potential of economic entities. The above actualizes the study of the organizational, economic, and legal mechanism of increasing the security efficiency of resource management of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry in the context of digitalization.
The directions for increasing the efficiency of the use of resources of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry within the proposed mechanism are divided as follows: improving the quality of technical equipment, especially in the field of service provision; introduction of resource-saving technologies; introduction of new equipment and technology based on the achievements of scientific and technical progress; increasing the level of automation and robotization of technological processes and auxiliary works; reduction of production losses and waste; improvement of technological methods of production, reduction of waste and loss of resources due to the above-mentioned factors; ensuring the high quality of raw materials and materials necessary for the provision of services; introduction of new types of raw materials; improving the quality of services; selection of the most rational order forms; increasing the level of specialization of innovatively oriented enterprises of the hospitality industry.
Keywords: organizational and economic mechanism, legal mechanism, security, efficiency, resource management, innovation-oriented enterprises, hospitality industry, digitalization.
Transformation of the role of the state in the regulation of economic processes through the prism of modern trends in the development of the world economy
Authors: Starodubtseva Liubov
Published: August 2024

The article aims to analyze the current trends in the development of the world economic system, identify the current risks of its development, and identify the vectors of transformation of the macroeconomic regulation system in the conditions of the departure from the state-centric paradigm. The influence of globalization processes on the mechanisms of regulation of economic processes and changes in the weight and scope of application of traditional macroeconomic policy tools are studied. In the structure of the risks of the development of the world economy, those that have the most significant long-term impact in case of untimely application of corrective strategies are identified, namely the threat of a large-scale debt crisis in developing countries, the risk of non-fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals. An analysis of the conceptual reasons for asymmetric economic development on the global market was carried out. The mutual conditioning of probabilistic events at the meta-level is shown. Based on understanding the mainstream nature of the tendency to move away from the state-centric paradigm, the erosion of national sovereignty and the formation of governmental and non-governmental international organizations of their sovereignty based on the alienation of objects of power from the state were investigated. Examples of the influence of non-state actors on the strategic directions of development of the world community as a whole and the national economic system represented by the Club of Rome and the IMF, are given. Identified factors affecting the country's place in the system of determining trends in geopolitics depend on several factors, including the country's image, the ability to mobilize human and material resources, independence in determining its goals and interests, the state's ability to form effective alliances and coalitions. It illustrated (based on the history of Ukraine's interaction with the IMF) the causes and consequences of the deliberate loss of autonomy and independence regarding decision-making regarding domestic economic policy and transformation into an object of world politics.
Keywords: state regulation of the economy, macroeconomic regulation, world economy, globalization, sustainable development, economic policy, international organizations.
Experience of the EU system (AKIS) in the segment of agricultural consulting and innovation
Authors: Krykunenko Kateryna , Zhemoyda Oleksandr , Mudryk Yurii
Published: August 2024

The critical role of the European system of agricultural knowledge and innovations (AKIS) in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in the segment of agricultural consulting, is substantiated. The article examines the European Union's experience regarding the creation and implementation of the AKIS system and analyzes the possibilities of its adaptation in Ukraine. Using qualitative analysis methods, the efficiency of the factors of the existing systems in the EU and the possibility of their integration into the Ukrainian agricultural sector were evaluated. The study shows that the implementation of AKIS in Ukraine can significantly increase the productivity and sustainability of agriculture. It was established that the implementation of AKIS in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach, including technical aspects and institutional and social changes. It is proposed that the legislative framework that regulates the activities of the agricultural sector, scientific institutions, and consulting companies be clearly defined, which is the legal framework for implementing AKIS based on EU practice. Technological and product innovations should become the basis for increasing the efficiency of agriculture, and social and cultural factors should be considered when developing and implementing innovations. It is justified to create a favorable environment for innovation, which includes state support, attracting private investments, developing public-private partnerships, and using international resources, where consulting services should become available and of high quality, providing farmers with the necessary knowledge and support. It is proposed that effective coordination mechanisms be created between various participants in the agricultural sector to ensure access to financial resources to support innovative activities and develop educational programs to train highly qualified specialists.
Keywords: Agricultural knowledge, innovations, agricultural consulting, AKIS, EU, Ukraine, sustainable development.
Fog monitoring on the Point Loma Peninsula at Cabrillo National Monument: 2023 annual report
Authors: Javier Virginia , Cat Linh , Katayama Taro , Pandori Lauren. , Simpson Jay , Wilder Brenton , Cat Linh , Javier Virginia , Katayama Taro , Pandori Lauren. , Simpson Jay , Wilder Brenton
Published: August 2024

Cabrillo National Monument (CABR) is a unit of the National Park System located on the Point Loma peninsula in San Diego, CA, USA. Despite its small size (0.65 terrestrial km2), the monument attracts 851,000 annual visitors (IRMA SRSS Reports 2011-2020), and acts as an ?urban island?, providing habitat for unique algal, plant and animal species in an area of increasing development and urbanization. The park is situated in a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and wet winters. This climate supports rare habitats and plant communities, such as coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, and southern maritime chaparral. Since most precipitation occurs in the winter, fog and low cloud cover are vital sources of water for the survival of animals and vegetation in the dry summer months. It is unknown how climate change may impact fog dynamics and microclimates at the park. This information is crucial for resource management decision-making. Specifically, to create tailored strategies for future revegetation plans, including the establishment of rare and unique native plants. Thus, we designed and implemented a fog monitoring system consisting of two cameras, four weather stations, and twelve leaf wetness sensors at the park to investigate whether microclimates differ on small spatial scales (< 5 km), including differences in elevational gradient and across sides of the Point Loma peninsula. This report provides the first annual summary of the findings collected from July 2022 to May 2023. Results suggest that the ocean-facing side of the peninsula experiences more fog compared to the bay-facing side and that higher elevations experience less fog.
Pengaruh HEBI (Health Educational Based Intervention) Terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Rumah Tangga
Authors: Rasyida Zulfa Mahdiatur , Yani Laras Putri , Husain Mohammad Achnaf Hadyan Al
Published: August 2024

Abstrak Pengetahuan pasien sangat mempengaruhi dalam terapi untuk penderita diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus merupakan kondisi kronis dimana terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa dalam darah dikarenakan tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi insulin secara efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian video edukatif tentang diabetes mellitus terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Chania Care Center.
Desain penelitian ini pra-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one group pra-post test design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan besar populasi seluruh penderita diabetes di Chania Care Center kabupaten Kediri. Jumlah sampel didapat 30 responden. Variabel independennya video edukatif, sedangkan variabel dependennya tingkat pengetahuan. Menggunakan instrumen kuesioner. Menggunakan Uji Paired T-Test dengan tingkat kemaknaan (? :0,05).
Hasil penelitian didapatkan 21 responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang sebelum pemberian video menjadi 5 responden setelah pemberian video. Responden dengan pengetahuan cukup sejumlah 4 menjadi 14 responden. Jumlah pengetahuan baik bertambah dari 5 responden menjadi 11 responden dari total 30 responden. Hasil Analisa Uji Paired T-Test didapatkan besar pengaruh 6-9 nilai p value = 0,000 < ? = 0,5 H1 diterima.
Kesimpulannya ada pengaruh pemberian video edukatif tentang diabetes mellitus terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Video edukasi yang menarik akan mudah dipahami oleh banyak orang serta seringnya intensitas belajar akan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman seseorang. Video edukasi diabetes dapat dijadikan sebagai media promosi untuk meningkatan pengetahuan diabetes.
Exploring the Potential of Skin Cell Culture and the Vital Role of Skin Grafts in Regenerative Medicine and Biology
Authors: Fina T Selva
Published: August 2024

The skin is acknowledged as the biggest organ, covering the exterior of the body and serving as a physical barrier. The integumentary system is made up of three layers of tissue: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. For transplantation, epidermal cell cultures have been around for a while. The epidermal stem cells can proliferate and self-renew in a manner that allows for rapid healing since they are unipotent, meaning they can only produce one type of cell. In therapeutic terms, cultured keratinocytes have been described as an autologous cell-based therapy that provides a source of autologous tissue, reducing the need for large donor sites and minimizing the risk of immune rejection. This review explores the composition and functioning of the skin’s extracellular matrix, along with strategies to incorporate ECM components into the cell culture techniques. Rebuilding skin flaws without consideration for side effects is skin grafting. The tissue lacks its circulatory supply and must receive it from the bed in which it is inserted. The skin cells have contributed to developing skin graft and tissue engineering approaches for repairing damaged skin. Similar to grafting, the skin graft is divided into sections based on the quantity of dermis involved: split-thickness skin and full-thickness skin. Transplanting autologous keratinocytes is an alternative to autologous skin grafting. In the wound bed, epidermal stem cells encourage angiogenesis. After invading the fibrin wound clot, angiogenic capillary sprouts form a microvascular network throughout the granulation tissue in a few days. In this article, authors will review the current methods and application of skin cell culture for transplantation including different cell sources, culture conditions, and transplantation techniques. The future direction of this approach is in the context of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Huntington Disease Treated with Austedo (Deutetrabenazine)
Authors: Reinfeld Howard B
Published: August 2024

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. Austedo (deutetrabenazine) represents a significant advancement in the treatment of chorea associated with HD, being the first deuterated drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this purpose. Deutetrabenazine, a modified form of tetrabenazine, acts by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby reducing dopamine levels. Its unique structure, incorporating deuterium instead of hydrogen, prolongs its half-life and allows for less frequent dosing. Clinical trials, such as Phase III First HD, have demonstrated deutetrabenazine's efficacy in improving chorea symptoms in HD patients, with favorable tolerability reported. Despite similarities in effectiveness with tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine offers a potentially better-tolerated option for chorea treatment in HD. However, further research, including direct comparative studies and long-term data, is necessary to fully elucidate its advantages over existing therapies.
Management of Thyroid Gland Abnormalities
Authors: Boutrus Tamer Shalaby
Published: August 2024

Thyroid gland disorders are common, general, and acute physician require the knowledge of the basic thyroid abnormalities to be able to deal with common presentations like over or under functioning, thyroid nodule, and emergency presentation like thyroid storm or myxoedema coma. This article will cover basics of thyroid physiology, diagnosis and management of abnormal thyroid functions including thyroid gland emergencies, and finally, approach to thyroid nodules.
Drug-induced Liver Injury Caused by Levetiracetam
Authors: Habib Toni
Published: August 2024

Levetiracetam, known as Keppra, is an antiepileptic drug that is commonly used due to its rare side effects, particularly on the liver. It is mainly excreted by the kidneys with minimal hepatic metabolism. Drug-induced liver injury associated with Levetiracetam is extremely rare. Few cases of Levetiracetam-induced liver toxicity and failure were declared. Until now, there are no previously reported cases of mixed pattern liver injury related to this drug. We report a case of a patient taking Levetiracetam, that was found to have mixed pattern liver injury. Our patient experienced important rapid improvement of hepatocellular injury and a delayed improvement of cholestatic pattern after Levetiracetam discontinuation, suggesting the mentioned association. This case report is the first to establish both hepatocellular and cholestatic injury associated with Levetiracetam. We would like to highlight this side effect, though rare, of this frequently used drug in medical practice.
A New Surface Anatomy Method for Locating the Axillary Nerve–the Clinical Safety Implications for Shoulder Procedures and Vaccinations
Authors: Kirkham Stuart G
Published: August 2024

Background: It has previously been reported that the axillary nerve is located 5-7cm distal to the acromion. However, this simplistic description of the nerve’s location does not take into account how much variation there is in human anatomy and size between individuals. This study tested our hypothesis that irrespective of an individual’s anatomy and size, the axillary nerve is more accurately located halfway between the Distal end of the Deltoid insertion and the lateral edge of the acromion. Methods and Result: Authors dissected 12 fresh frozen cadaveric shoulders. The authors took various measurements and found that the axillary nerve was, as hypothesized, accurately and reliably located at the halfway point between the lateral border of the acromion and the deltoid insertion. Conclusion: This simple, accurate, and reliable method of predicting where the axillary nerve is located will assist surgeons and health practitioners who need to know where the axillary nerve is located, such as during shoulder procedures and vaccinations.
The Effect of New Normal Enforcement On The Tourism Industry Sector
Authors: Hadi Cecilia Valentina Sri , Imanuel I Gusti Bagus
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted to determine the effect of implementing new habits on the marine tourism industry on Pramuka Island. Qualitative descriptive methods were used in this research. Primary data acquisition techniques were carried out through observation and interviews with stakeholders organizing tourism activities on Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands. Respondents were selected based on fulfilling aspects of attractions, amenities and accessibility that are important in developing a tourist location. The research results show that the implementation of new habits has had a positive impact on the sustainability of the tourism industry on Pramuka Island in the new normal era.
 
Keywords: Covid 19 pandemic, marine tourism, new habits
Evaluation of GHG Emissions on Climate of the Braced States in the Niger Delta
Authors: Boyitie Paul Odiyirin , Ojoh Collins Oghenekome , Onyemenam Prince Ike
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions on the climate in the BRACED States of the Niger Delta. The emission of greenhouse gases leads to deforestation, reduced vegetation, and a decline in biodiversity. To achieve the study, an ex post facto research design was used. The study utilised field measurements and historical data to assess these factors. Data were collected and monitored from twelve distinct locations between September 2022 and February 2023. The findings indicate that Akwa Ibom had the lowest concentrations of greenhouse gas and climate variables. The concentrations of greenhouse gases and climate variables were found to be lowest in Akwa Ibom and Rivers States. Similarly, Rivers, Cross Rivers, and Edo States exhibited comparatively lower quantities of carbon dioxide emissions and low rainfall. The study's findings observed a strong correlation between climate (temperature and rainfall) and greenhouse gas emissions in the BRACED states. Statistical analysis at the P<0.05 level of significance indicates that greenhouse gas emissions account for around 32.5% of the observed variations. This analysis offers a method for determining the climate impact of GHG emissions. It is recommended that law on gas flaring activities should be brought to actions.
The Use of Hydrogen as Fuel Gives Rise to Emerging Environmental Concerns
Authors: Kotsis Konstantinos T.
Published: August 2024

Given the urgent global warming situation and the need to decrease carbon emissions, this research project is essential for examining alternative energy sources, like hydrogen, for sustainable transportation and power production. The increasing urbanization and enhanced urban mobility emphasize the significance of building energy-efficient transport systems, such as Light Rail Transport, to offset environmental consequences. This study seeks to enhance the current discussion on moving towards a more sustainable and ecologically aware energy model by examining the practicality and advantages of these developing energy alternatives.
Significant Demographic Factors Fuelling Housing Deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Abe F.S. , Fasakin J.O. , Owoeye J.O.
Published: August 2024

This article assesses the significant demographic factors fuelling housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Using a mixed method approach as survey design coupled with a combination of purposive and stratified sampling technique, 1254 households were selected for administration of questionnaires during data collection process. Questionnaires, interviews were the major instruments of data collection from seven residential development corridors (RDCs) in Ado-Ekiti. Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs) supported secondary data. Findings revealed that high population growth, rapid urbanisation and migration increased housing deficit in the study area. Hence, this study observed an increase in live births (162, 901) than deaths (45, 046) in Ado-Ekiti. Also, findings revealed an increase in building concentration (57.7%) from 2000-date. Similarly, this study observed an increase in challenges such as urban sprawl and infrastructure deficiency (L-INFRA) encountered as a result of rapid urbanisation. The study noted an increase in quantitative housing deficit (223,086) in 2023. Thus, a quantitative housing deficit of 334,554 housing units would arise in 2034.Furthermore, sharing of dwellings with other households (SHAD), a resultant effect of high migration trends constituted 43.4 percent across the RDCs in Ado-Ekiti. Also, improved infrastructural facilities (33.8%) was the modal reason for staying (RESTAY) in the study area. Using Paired T-test, this study further validated that a perfect positive relationship (1.000) exists between population growth and housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti. Therefore, this study recommends adoption of effective Family Planning Methods (FPMs), regional distribution of infrastructural facilities and conversion of under-utilised lands for an efficient housing delivery in Ado-Ekiti.
Spatial Pattern and Distribution of Malaria Cases in Owo Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Olufayo Olushola , Akinbamijo Olumuyiwa Bayo , Olajuyigbe Ayo Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the spatial pattern and distribution of malaria cases in Owo Local Government Area, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used, such that 50% of the 7 urban political wards were selected. The selected 4 urban political wards comprise of 12,466 household heads. Also, 10% of the 127 rural settlements were randomly selected making 14 rural settlements with 9,095 household heads. In all, 1.5% of the total household heads, comprising 187 in the urban areas and 136 in the rural settlements were interviewed using systematic random sampling techniques. A secondary data source obtained from relevant healthcare facilities was used for spatial analysis. Specifically, 59 selected residential settlements were used as the input feature class, while the records on malaria cases in each residential settlement during the reviewed year serve as the input field for the analyses. Spatial statistical functions provided by ArcGIS 10.8 and Geospatial tool are utilized for data analysis. Findings revealed preponderance of malaria within the urban core area of Owo. This can be attributed to inadequate wastewater management, poor waste disposal methods, and inadequate environmental education and awareness. On the other hand, malaria cases in rural areas were relatively low due to the use of alternative disease treatment methods. To ameliorate these challenges, there is a need for improved access to a safe and high-quality environment, implement suitable sanitation facilities and solid waste disposal methods, promote community-based educational initiatives and awareness campaigns, and encouraging hygienic behaviors. Through these, the health challenges of malaria can be mitigated.
The Myth of Resurrection in Ngugi’s a Grain of Wheat
Authors: Ngombua Moise Katenga
Published: August 2024

Our paper deal with ‘’The Myth of Resurrection in Ngugi’s ‘’A Grain of Wheat’’ in this, we have described the analysis of the myth of resurrection in the novel under criticism. This analysis has been achieved through the description of mythical aspects under mentioned. Apart from that, we have tried to brief down the cultural meaning of the myth under analysis. A Grain of wheat may be considered as novel tracing back the resurrection myth. Because it involves the idea of birth, death, and rebirth of Kenya. The imagery used by the author proves us that Kenya was a land given by MURUNGU (creator), invaded by the British, and reborn thanks to the sacrifices made by the local people. We can understand that Kenyan country is considered as symbol of all Africa land that is why African must arise and decolonizing their mind for their freedom from colonialists. Our readers will found same propositions which can be give us our liberation from the colonialist or others neocolonialism forms.
Course Learning Outcomes Evaluation Through Online Assignments
Authors: Najar Adel , Moutaouaki Amine El , Ahmed Mahmoud Al
Published: August 2024

This study explores the potential reasons behind higher scores observed in online quizzes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesize that factors such as increased test environment comfort, access to resources, technological advantages, adaptation to online learning, motivational changes, and variations in assessment design all contributed to improved student performance in the online format. Our findings support this hypothesis, as online courses exhibited both higher and more consistent Course Learning Outcome (CLO) achievement compared to traditional face-to-face settings. These results suggest that online learning environments may offer certain advantages that can enhance student success.
Oil Palm Plantation Expansion and Population Problems: An Explanatory Factor for Deforestation in Indonesia
Authors: Widiono Septri
Published: August 2024

Deforestation in Indonesia remains a significant issue due to various factors. This article reveals the impact of demographic variables on deforestation, using oil palm plantation expansion as a case study. The study applies Hunter's model, considering population dynamics and intermediate variables, namely science and technology, institutions, policies, and culture. Through traditional literature review methods, demographic data and field research results from 2010 to 2020 were elaborated, focusing on Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The findings underline that Indonesian rapid population growth drives high consumption rates. Additionally, the development of oil palm plantations is faced with high demand for CPO, policies that attach too much importance to investment, and agrarian deregulation. All these intermediate variables are visible through the agricultural expansion as a pattern of agricultural development. The massive expansion by private companies resulted in a change in the socio-ecological landscape. In addition, there are dilemmas in the villager's livelihood system, such as shifting traditional livelihood bases, livelihood dualism, the emergence of new vulnerabilities, and land grabs. In order to realize sustainable palm oil development, we suggest governance reforms at the global, national, and local levels.
Solidaritas Sosial Petani Jagung di Desa Papualangi, Kecamatan Tolinggula, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara
Authors: Matuwala Misna , Hatu Rauf A. , Bumulo Sahrain
Published: August 2024

This study aims to examine the social solidarity among corn farmers in Papualangi Village, Tolinggula District, North Gorontalo Regency. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis was employed. Five corn farmers from Papualangi Village served as informants for this research. Data were collected through documentation, interviews, and observation. The findings indicate the following: First, the Papualangi Village government's role in enhancing the welfare of corn farmers has not been effectively implemented. Second, while corn farmers’ response to social solidarity remains strong, there has been a shift from a previously unpaid system of solidarity to one that employs a wage system. Third, materialism acts as a hindrance; specifically, the wage system provided to workers during corn planting is a form of materialism that inhibits solidarity. Fourth, the wage system's impact on corn farmers includes both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, field observations reveal that the wage system enhances efficiency and accelerates work completion. Additionally, it increases income for workers who benefit from earning extra money. Besides the direct economic benefits, the wage system can positively influence social solidarity within the farming community. However, the shift to a wage system may also have adverse effects. One potential negative consequence is a decline in social solidarity among farmers. Some may prefer paying workers rather than relying on traditional mutual cooperation, which can diminish the sense of dependency and communal involvement.
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Keluarga Buruh Nelayan di Desa Sondana Kecamatan Bolaang Uki, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan
Authors: Gobel Dita Inda Sari , Hatu Rauf A. , Bumulo Sahrain
Published: August 2024

This study aims to identify the factors, influences, and strategies employed by fishing laborer families in Sondana Village, Bolaang Uki District, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, to sustain their daily lives. Sondana Village is a coastal area where 15% of the population works as fishermen and heavily depends on marine resources. However, the decline in fish catches and low selling prices have weakened the economic condition of these fishing families. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal that fishing laborer families employ various survival strategies: 1) active strategies, including seeking side jobs and involving family members to earn additional income; 2) passive strategies, such as saving or setting aside part of their income for urgent needs; and 3) network strategies, utilizing relationships with boat owners, the government, relatives, or neighbors to borrow money or receive assistance. This study provides new insights into how fishing laborer families adapt to economic challenges and highlights the importance of social support in their survival strategies.
The frequency and associated factors of pulmonary fibrosis by the twelfth month after community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Bardakçı Mustafa İlteriş , Albayrak Gülhan , Özkarafakılı Müfide Arzu , Gediz Remzi
Published: August 2024

Aims: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a term used to describe an acute lung infection that develops outside of a hospital setting. Radiological sequelae may remain in a certain part of these patients that may affect their lives. We aimed to investigate the frequency of sequelae parenchymal lesions and influencing factors in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with CAP. First, patients who were admitted to the chest diseases outpatient clinic for any reason and who were treated with the diagnosis of CAP in the emergency department 12 months ago at the earliest were selected. Among these patients, patients with thorax computed tomography (chest-CT) under the control of the chest diseases outpatient clinic were included in the study. Chest-CT results, demographic data and laboratory data were evaluated.
Results: A total of 80 patients, 32 (40%) female and 48 (60%) male, diagnosed with CAP were included. The mean age of our patients was 56.83±13.41 (min-max: 18-71). Twenty-three (28.75%) of the patients did not have pathology in the control chest-CT, while 57 (71.25%) patients had various levels of sequelae changes. Of the sequelae observed in 57 patients, 34 (42.5%) had single linear atelectasis or single band formation or ectasia in a single bronchus, while fibrotic structure was detected in 23 (28.75%). Five (6.25%) patients had pulmonary fibrosis. Age and smoking have a statistically significant effect on the presence of fibrosis in patients with CAP.
Conclusion: Mild to severe fibrotic changes were observed in one-third of our patients one year after CAP treatment. In our study, fibrotic changes were found to be highly correlated with age and smoking.
Evaluation of the effect of the quality and quantity of fluid drained due to pleural effusion on complications that may develop in intensive care unit
Authors: Doğancı Melek
Published: August 2024

Aims: Pleural drainage volume is very important for oxygenation and perfusion in patients with massive pleural effusion. However, there is still no clear data between the complications that may develop after pleural drainage and the optimal volume of fluid to be removed. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the quality and quantity of pleural fluid drained due to pleural effusion in the intensive care unit (ICU) on the complications that may develop after drainage and to determine the optimal drainage volume to prevent complications. The secondary aim was to determine the risk factors affecting the development of complications after pleural effusion drainage.
Methods: A total of 176 patients who underwent pleural drainage for pleural effusion between April 1,2022 and December 31,2023 in an adult tertiary ICU were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information, clinical follow-up information, quantity and quality of pleural effusion, laboratory values and complications were recorded and the relationship between these parameters and the amount of pleural fluid drained within 24 hours and complications were evaluated.
Results: ICU duration, ICU mortality, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and vasopressor requirement were found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with complications after pleural drainage procedure.  In multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio=0.455, p=0.049) and need for vasopressors (odds ratio=2.373, p=0.034) increased the risk of complications. There was no statistically significant difference between the amount of pleural fluid drained and complications. In addition, when the optimal amount of drained fluid required to prevent complications was analyzed, a cut off value could not be given.
Conclusion: In order to reduce the risk of complications that may develop after pleural drainage, we believe that paying more attention to the position during pleural drainage in patients receiving vasopressor support and performing pleural drainage with the help of ultrasound in patients whose position cannot be changed due to hemodynamic disorder will reduce the complication rate. We think that a decrease in the complication rate will be effective in terms of both cost and efficient use of ICU beds by reducing the length of ICU stay and ICU mortality. In our study, the quality and quantity of pleural fluid drained had no effect on the complications that may develop after drainage, and further studies with a larger patient population are needed to investigate this situation.
Shunt options for normal pressure hydrocephalus: a comparison of complications, overdrainage rates and neurological outcomes between integra low flow regulated and Codman Hakim programmable shunts
Authors: Türkkan Alper , Bekar Ahmet
Published: August 2024

Aims: Shunt surgery is the most commonly performed treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, and shunt systems with different operating principles are employed. This study aimed to retrospectively compare programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunts and flow-regulated shunts in terms of complications, overdrainage rates, and neurological outcomes.
Methods: Between January 2020 and May 2022, 44 patients who underwent shunt operation with a diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus at our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: the programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt and the flow-regulated shunt group. Demographic characteristics, complications, rates of insufficient drainage/overdrainage, and surgical outcomes were compared.
Results: There were 26 patients in the programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt group and 18 patients in the flow-regulated shunt group. In the programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt group, 14 patients (53.8%) required 27 shunt setting adjustments owing to excessive or inadequate drainage. Subdural effusion was observed in five patients (19.2%), and shunt revision was performed in one patient (3.8%). Subdural effusion was observed in two (11.1%) patients in the flow-regulated shunt group. One of these patients (5.5%) underwent shunt revision. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the development of subdural effusion and need for shunt revision (p>0.05). The rate of improvement in at least one of the symptoms was 53.8% in the programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt group at the 1st-month postoperative outpatient follow-up. In the flow-regulated shunt group, this rate was 72.2% and there was no statistically significant difference. Both groups showed similar clinical improvement at the 1-year follow-up.
Conclusion: There was no difference between the groups in terms of neurological outcomes and the need for shunt revision. However, the use of flow-regulated shunts has demonstrated earlier rates of clinical improvement without the need for reprogramming.