bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of storm dynamics and scale in controlling urban flood response
Authors: ten Veldhuis Marie-Claire , Zhou Zhengzheng , Yang Long , Liu Shuguang , Smith James
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The impact of spatial and temporal variability of rainfall on hydrological response remains poorly understood, in particular in urban catchments due to their high variability in land-use, high degree of imperviousness and the presence of stormwater infrastructure. In this study, we analyse the effect of rainfall spatial distribution with respect to basin scale and flowpath network structure on urban hydrological response based on a large, high quality observational dataset. A catalog of 279 peak events was extracted from 15 years of high resolution flow observations and radar rainfall data for five (semi)urbanised basins ranging from 7.0 to 111.1 km2 in size. Results showed that largest peak flows in the event catalog were associated with storm core scales exceeding basin scale, for all except the largest basin. Spatial scale of flood-producing storm events in the smaller basins fell into two groups: storms of large spatial scales exceeding basin size or small, concentrated events, with storm core much smaller than basin size. For the majority of events, spatial rainfall variability was strongly smoothed by the flowpath network, increasingly so for larger basin size. Correlation analysis showed that position of the storm in relation to the flowpath network was significantly correlated with peak flow in the smallest and in the two more urbanised basins. Analysis of storm movement relative to the flow path network showed that direction of storm movement, upstream or downstream relative to the flowpath network, had little influence on hydrological response variability. Slow-moving storms tend to be associated with higher peak flows and longer lag times. Unexpectedly, spatial distribution of imperviousness along the flowpath network did not significantly alter hydrological response in relation to spatial storm characteristics. These findings show the importance of observation-based analysis in validating and improving our understanding of interactions between rainfall and catchment variability.
Implications from palaeoseismological investigations at the
Markgrafneusiedl Fault (Vienna Basin, Austria) for seismic hazard
assessment
Authors: Hintersberger Esther , Decker Kurt , Lomax Johanna , Lüthgens Christopher
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Including faults into seismic hazard assessment depends strongly on their level of seismic activity. Intraplate regions are characterized by low seismicity, so that the evaluation of existing earthquake catalogues does not necessarily reveal all active faults that contribute to seismic hazard. In the Vienna Basin (Austria), moderate historical seismicity (Imax/Mmax = 8/5.2) concentrates along the left-lateral strike-slip Vienna Basin Transfer Fault (VBTF). In contrast, several normal faults branching out of the VBTF show neither historical nor instrumental earthquake records, although geomorphological data indicate Quaternary displacement along those faults. Here, we present a palaeoseismological dataset of three trenches crossing one of these splay faults, the Markgrafneusiedl Fault (MF), in order to evaluate the seismic potential of the fault. Comparing the observations of the different trenches, we found evidence for 5–6 major surface-breaking earthquakes during the last 120 ka, with the youngest event occurring at around ~ 14 ka before present. The inferred surface displacements lead to magnitude estimates ranging between M = 6.2 ± 0.3 and M = 6.8 ± 0.1. Data can be interpreted by two possible event lines, with event line 1 showing more regular recurrence intervals of about 20–25 ka between the earthquakes with M ≥ 6.5, and event line 2 indicating that such earthquakes cluster in two time intervals in the last 120 ka. Event line 2 appears more plausible. Trench observations also show that structural and sedimentological records of strong earthquakes with small surface offset have only low conservation potential. Vertical slip rates of 0.03–0.04 mm/a derived from the trenches compare well to geomorphically derived slip rates of 0.015–0.085 mm/a. Magnitude estimates from fault dimensions suggest that the largest earthquakes observed in the trenches activated the entire fault surface of the MF including the basal detachment that links the normal fault with the VBTF. The most important implications of these paleoseismological results for seismic hazard assessment are that: (1) The MF needs to be considered as a seismic source irrespective of the fact that it did not release historical earthquakes. (2) The maximum credible earthquakes in the Vienna Basin should be considered to be about M = 7.0. (3) The MF is kinematically and geologically equivalent to a number of other splay faults of the VBTF. It must be assumed that these faults are potential sources of large earthquakes as well. The frequency of strong earthquakes near Vienna is therefore expected to be significantly higher than the earthquake frequency reconstructed for the MF.
On the improvement of waves and storm surge hindcasts by
downscaled atmospheric forcing: Application to historical storms
Authors: Bresson Émilie , Arbogast Philippe , Aouf Lotfi , Paradis Denis , Kortcheva Anna , Bogatchev Andrey , Galabov Vasko , Dimitrova Marieta , Morvan Guillaume , Ohl Patrick , Tsenova Boryana , Rabier Florence
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Winds, waves and storm surges can induce severe damages in coastal areas. The FP7 IncREO project aims to understand the impact of climate change on coastal areas and also to assess the predictability of such extreme events. Reproduce efficiently past events is the fisrt step to reach this purpose. This paper shows the use of atmospheric downscaling techniques in order to improve waves and storm surge hindcasts. Past storms which caused damages on European coastal areas are investigated using atmosphere, wave and storm surge numerical models and downscaling techniques are based on existing ECMWF reanalyses. The results show clearly that the 10 km resolution wind forcing provided by the downscaled atmospheric model gives better waves and surges hindcast against using wind from the reanalysis. Furthermore, the analysis of the most extreme mid-latitude cyclones indicates that a 4D blending approach improves the whole process as it includes small scale processes in the initial conditions.
Turbulent Length Scales in a Fast-flowing, Weakly Stratified, Strait: Cook Strait, New Zealand
Authors: Stevens Craig L.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. There remains much to be learned about the full range of turbulent motions in the ocean. Here we consider turbulence and overturn scales in the relatively shallow, weakly stratified, fast-flowing tidal flows of Cook Strait, New Zealand. With flow speeds reaching 3 m s−1 in a water column of ~ 300 m depth the location is heuristically known to be highly turbulent. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy ε along with the Thorpe scale, LT, are described. Thorpe scales, often as much as one quarter of the water depth, are compared with dissipation rates and background flow speed. Turbulent energy dissipation rates ε are modest but high for oceans, around 5 × 10–5 W kg−1. Comparison of the buoyancy-limit Ozmidov scale LOz suggest the Cook Strait data lie for the majority of the time in the LOz > LT regime, but not universally. Also, comparison of direct and LT -based estimates of ε exhibit reasonable similarity.
UM PONTO NO INFINITO DO ESPAÇO: A GEOGRAFIA LIBERTÁRIA DE ÉLISÉE RECLUS SURGIU ANTES DA HORA?
Authors: Vandério Cirqueira José
Published: May 2017

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar o contexto de formação do pensamento geográfico de Élisée Reclus e o papel da sua obra na história da geografia. A experiência espacial e a prática revolucionária foram elementos que contribuíram com o modo de pensar desse geógrafo francês. Por outro lado, a pesquisa científica e o envolvimento com o pensamento acadêmico de sua época marcou a organização de sua obra. O caráter social libertário da geografia de Reclus influenciou decisivamente a forma como a historiografia dominante recebeu o seu conteúdo mais engajado.Palavras-chave: Élisée Reclus, geografia libertária, pensamento geográfico, historiografia dominante.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS RELACIONADAS COM OS SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS NO TERRITÓRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Benetti Leite Michele , Martínez de Anguita Pablo
Published: May 2017

Com a atual degradação ambiental, torna-se cada vez mais difícil ter acesso aos serviços prestados pela natureza, conhecidos como Serviços Ecossistêmicos, com a quantidade e qualidade desejada e, por isso, estes começam a ser mais valorizados. Para apoiar e fomentar a conservação desses recursos surge a proposta de compensar, ajudar e inclusive destinar recursos financeiros ou incentivos fiscais, conhecidos como Pagamento por Serviços Ecossistêmicos, aos proprietários, comunidades tradicionais e povos indígenas, por sua proteção. Esta pesquisa analisa os aspectos estruturais das iniciativas legais (leis, projetos de leis, decretos e portarias) que de alguma maneira estão relacionados com os serviços ecossistêmicos no Brasil, traçando um quadro comparativo, adaptado dos parâmetros estabelecidos por Flores Velásquez (2013).Palavras-chave: Serviços ecossistêmicos, política pública, meio ambiente.
ZONEAMENTO ECOLÓGICO-ECONÔMICO DE SILVEIRA MARTINS – RS
Authors: Francisca Marmentini Rovani Franciele , Viera Márcio
Published: May 2017

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico do município de Silveira Martins – RS, integrando informações da vulnerabilidade natural à perda de solo, potencialidade social e áreas de preservação permanente. Para tanto, criou-se um banco de dados espaciais em um ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas com auxílio do software Spring versão 5.0.6. Utilizou-se informações referentes à geomorfologia, geologia, solos, declividade, rede de drenagem, uso e ocupação da terra, população, economia,educação e saneamento básico. A integração das informações foi realizada por meio da álgebra de mapas. Como resultado destaca-se o mapa do zoneamento com seis zonas. A maior zona é a de conservação (40,72%), caracterizada pela alta vulnerabilidade e restrição de potencial social, seguida da zona de consolidação (37,76%), compreendendo as áreas produtoras. As zonas de restrição de uso (10,20%), constituídas pelas áreas com inclinação entre 25º a 45º, e de recuperação (2,50%), merecem maior atenção quanto às práticasagrícolas. A zona de área de preservação permanente (7,92%) também merece destaque quanto às áreas conflitantes. E, por último, a zona urbanizada (0,90%), que é constituída pela área urbana. Este cenário atualindica as áreas que merecem maior atenção e intervenção quanto ao planejamento e gestão territorial.Palavras-chave: Zoneamento ecológico-econômico, vulnerabilidade natural, potencialidade social,geoprocessamento.
Viral Marketing Strategies and Customer Buying Behavioural Intentions at Retail Store in Johannesburg
Authors: Rukuni Tarisai Fritz , Shaw Grant , Chetty Yumesan , Kgama Petunia , Kekana Pebetse , Rogers Kyle
Published: May 2017

The advent of viral marketing in South Africa has been supply focused and retail operators did not realise the importance of including customers’ views during the creation of viral marketing strategies. Failure of these stores to incorporate customers’ views during the crafting of viral marketing strategies, leads to ineffective viral advertising campaigns, product boycott and decrease in sales. Given the constant change in consumer needs and expectations, an understanding of customers’ opinions towards viral marketing strategies adopted by a retail store in Johannesburg, has become a remarkable strategy to gain a competitive advantage. For that reason, it is important for retail stores to understand their customers’ perceptions of viral marketing strategies. Based on this background, the purpose of this study was twofold: i) to assess customers’ perceptions of viral marketing strategies, and ii) investigate how viral marketing strategies influence customers’ buying behavioural intentions. A descriptive case study approach was conducted. A quantitative methodology, through which a structured questionnaire was also used to collect data from a sample of at least 172 customers at outlets of a retail store in Johannesburg. SPSS was utilised to conduct descriptive and multivariate analyses including factor analysis, correlations, and regression analyses. Results indicated that customers had negative perceptions towards viral marketing strategies tested. In addition, all the four predictor variables (informativeness, entertainment, irritation and source credibility) were found to be positively correlated to customer buying behavioural intentions. Recommendations and gaps for further research are also presented within the context of viral marketing theory.
Consumer Evaluation of Cause-Brand Alliance in Cause-Related Advertising: The Role of Brand Familiarity and Personal Relevance
Authors: Lee Jaejin , Rim Hyejoon
Published: May 2017

The current study aims to investigate the relative effects of cause-related marketing (CRM) involving cause-brand alliance (CBA) while evaluate the relationship between the cause brand familiarity and personal relevance of the cause. A 2 X 2 (cause brand familiarity: high or low and personal relevance: high or low) experimental study examines the effects on attitudes toward ad, company, and cause-brand alliance (CBA). The overall findings attest to the main effects of cause brand familiarity, personal relevance of the cause, and the interaction effects of the familiarity and relevance. Theoretical and managerial implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Tracking Mental Health in Sustainable Development Frameworks in Politically Violent Zones: Need for Framework and Cognizance- Kashmir in Context
Authors: Bhat Aabid , Farooq Aadil
Published: May 2017

As a conceptual framework, Sustainable Development (SD) intends to improve current Well-Being, while preserving or maintaining the basis for future Well-Being (Solow, 1991). In order to measure Sustainable Development various indicators were chosen, among which health has been considered as an important indicator. As a result, we see a huge focus on health in Sustainable Development frameworks. But, the emphasis of frameworks has been only on the physical and epidemiological factors affecting the health. In contrary, in context of a highly political turmoil zone, it is the psychological well-being that is severely affected. This component of health i.e., psychological well being is neglected to find a significant place in Sustainable Development frameworks. Since, these frameworks are crucial for national level policy making and it is likely that policies formulated on such frameworks may not replicate the same successful results in every context (such as in Armed Conflict). With such understanding in the background, this paper will show the need to focus on mental health in armed conflict situations in Sustainable Development frameworks. This paper will attempt to show how ignoring mental health in armed conflict situations impede development. The need to develop a holistic framework which focuses on mental health in Armed Conflict situations will be highlighted in context of Kashmir.
The Degree of Applying the Role- playing Strategy in Teaching English Language (EL)
Authors: Ssawalqa Fatin , Roud Aallah
Published: May 2017

For the importance of EL in individual’s life, all those who interest in this field seek for strategies and methods that could facilitate learning EL.This study aimed to identify the degree of applying the role- playing strategy in teaching English language for the basic stage from teachers’ perspectives in Tafila Governorate schools. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researchers used descriptive analytic approach, and developed a questionnaire included (35) items. Reliability and validity were checked and showed appropriate results for the purpose of the study, and those who answered the questionnaire were (150) male and female teachers of basic stage in Tafila governorate, they formed the sample of the study with a ratio of (64%) from the population of the study chosen by stratified randomly methods. The results indicated that the degree of applying role - playing strategy was mid for the instrument as a whole which included the domains of teaching English language (reading, listening, speaking, and writing). The writing domain came in the first rank; whereas, the reading domain came in the last rank. The results of Three-Way-ANOVA also showed that there are statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) for the degree of applying role- playing strategy in teaching English language that attributed to gender, scientific qualification, and the interaction between gender, and scientific qualification, and the interaction between gender, experience, and scientific qualification. There were also no statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) attributed to the years of experience. Finally, the results showed a positive effect in applying the role-play strategy in teaching EL. The study recommended that it is necessary for principals and supervisors to encourage teachers to use role – playing strategy in developing English language skills among the students of basic stage.
A morphophonological analysis of the velar insert in Italian verbs
Authors: Lampitelli Nicola
Published: May 2017

This paper analyzes a particular group of Italian irregular verbs that are characterized by the insertion of [g] between the root and the inflectional markers. Despite the apparent unetymological status of such a velar insert (Rohlfs 1968), it is shown that the allomorphy of the root depends on the internal organization of the segmental material with respect to a fixed template made of a strict alternation of onsets (C) and nuclei (V). The analyses are couched within the CVCV framework (Lowenstamm 1996; Scheer 2004) and are consistent with a syntactic approach to word- formation such as Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993; Embick 2010).This article is part of the special collection: Motivating Form in Morpho-Syntax
Fitoterapia na Amazônia: a experiência do estado do Amapá-Brasil
Authors: Filocreão Antonio Sergio Monteiro , Galindo Alexandre Gomes , Dos Santos Terezinha De Jesus Soares
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho discute as perspectivas da utilização de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na Amazônia, a partir da experiência desenvolvida no Estado do Amapá, localizado na fronteira setentrional da Amazônia brasileira. A pesquisa utilizou os procedimentos metodológicos empregados pela REDESIST da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro para o estudo de Arranjos Produtivos Locais, fazendo as adequações necessárias ao atendimento do Project RISSI e incorporando a inclusão social nos estudos da inovação. A coleta de dados junto a pesquisadores, especialistas, empresários, coletores, curandeiros, garrafeiros mostrou que, apesar da existência de um grande potencial para a produção e uso de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais na Amazônia pela rica biodiversidade e tradição de uso, a fitoterapia como negócio tem dificuldades de avançar pela restritiva legislação vigente, porém, apresenta uma grande perspectiva de inclusão social na sua forma in natura nas farmácias vivas da rede pública e na medicina popular, amortecendo as deficiências da rede pública de saúde.
Traditional Knowledge of the Fishermen of the Lower Juruá River: Understanding the Reproductive Patterns of the Region’s Fish Species
Authors: Braga Tony Marcos Porto , Rebêlo George Henrique
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho analisa o conhecimento que os pescadores ribeirinhos residentes nas comunidades localizadas na Reserva Extrativista do baixo rio Juruá possuem sobre o comportamento reprodutivo dos peixes da região. Os dados foram coletados em 2008 e 2009, sempre no final do período de vazante quando os pescadores mais experientes estavam reunidos para a realização da contagem e despesca do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Fez-se uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas aos pescadores considerados “autoridades” locais quanto à pesca. A forma de análise dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas foi a categorização do conteúdo das respostas. Os dados também foram trabalhados por meio de uma abordagem emicista/eticista, elaboração de tabelas de cognição comparada, em que os conhecimentos tradicionais são comparados com trechos da literatura cientifica corrente. Os pescadores demonstraram possuir um extenso conhecimento sobre o comportamento reprodutivo dos peixes da região, relacionando-o sempre ao ciclo hidrológico do rio Juruá.
Pescadores da Praia Grande, Paraty, RJ: aspectos da resiliência em seu sistema socioecológico
Authors: Nora Fernanda Pereira de Mesquita , Nora Vinicius Figueiredo , Clauzet Mariana , Ramires Milena , Begossi Alpina
Published: May 2017

A resiliência, como propriedade de sistemas socioecológicos, está relacionada à capacidade que tais sistemas têm de se adaptar e lidar com perturbações. Este estudo examinou as características presentes em uma comunidade de pescadores artesanais por meio de alguns indicadores de resiliência (flexibilidade, capacidade de organização e capacidade de aprendizagem). O indicador flexibilidade representa a dependência econômica em relação ao recurso natural; o indicador capacidade de organização informa a respeito da participação em tomadas de decisão e em organizações comunitárias; e o indicador capacidade de aprendizagem refere-se à percepção das alterações ambientais em função da atividade humana. De forma conjunta, esses indicadores podem informar sobre a capacidade adaptativa da comunidade e sua relação com a gestão do recurso. Para esta investigação, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas nos meses de janeiro, abril, julho e agosto de 2012 na comunidade da Praia Grande e entorno (Paraty/RJ) (n = 22). Quanto ao indicador flexibilidade, 59,1% dos pescadores entrevistados têm outra forma de obtenção de renda, sendo o turismo a principal delas (36,4%). A maioria (77,2%) utiliza mais de uma tecnologia de pesca, o que pode tanto favorecer a diminuição da pressão sobre o recurso pesqueiro como ter efeito contrário, se for o caso do uso de tecnologias mais intensivas, como o arrasto. Acerca da capacidade de organização dos pescadores, foi identificada e discutida a baixa participação em relação às tomadas de decisão em relação à pesca, em especial pelo fato de a área de estudo estar situada em um contexto de conflitos socioambientais com unidades de conservação. Quanto à capacidade de aprendizagem, os resultados indicam que os pescadores percebem a atividade humana como agente responsável por alterações no ambiente natural e sugerem diferentes soluções diante do decréscimo de cada espécie-alvo. Por meio do uso dos indicadores de resiliência, foi possível identificar os atributos que permitem a adaptação da comunidade diante de distúrbios e que têm o potencial de diminuir a pressão sobre os recursos pesqueiros, assim como aqueles que possuem efeito contrário em relação a esses recursos.
Bem Viver como paradigma de desenvolvimento: utopia ou alternativa possível?
Authors: Alcantara Liliane Cristine Schlemer , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce
Published: May 2017

A sociedade de consumo coloca em risco a sobrevivência do planeta. Na América Latina, surgem abordagens de desenvolvimento, ancoradas em paradigmas e ideologias com larga existência, como o “Bem Viver”. No esforço de identificar o que já foi publicado sobre “Bem Viver”, “Bien Vivir/Vivir Bien” e “Good Living”, analisou-se, de 2001 a 2015, 66 periódicos qualificados de forma articulada, por meio de estudo bibliométrico, utilizando-se como técnica de medição a lei de dispersão de periódicos de Bradford. A pesquisa enquadra-se como bibliográfica e documental. Os artigos continham, além da palavra “Bem Viver”, no título, resumo, palavras-chave e/ou na introdução, termos associados ao tema principal, a exemplo de: “desenvolvimento,” “bem comum”, “bem estar subjetivo”, “interculturalidade” e “transdisciplinaridade”. As fontes bibliográficas de pesquisa foram as plataformas Web of Science, Scielo e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. O resultado demonstrou que o Bem Viver, enquanto proposta em construção, apresenta-se como uma crítica ao consumo inconsequente quanto à degradação ambiental e, enquanto sinônimo de felicidade, busca privilegiar o equilíbrio entre bem-estar e sustentabilidade.
Ênfases jornalísticas na cobertura da COP 21 (Paris, 2015) nas versões norte-americana, brasileira e francesa do site The Huffington Post
Authors: Del Vecchio de Lima Myrian , Fort Mônica Cristina , Ávila Otávio Cezarini , Gern Augusta , Fiebig Manoella Fortes
Published: May 2017

O jornalismo é responsável por disseminar informações relevantes à sociedade e, com isso, pode, em determinados contextos, permitir reflexão e tomadas de decisão. No entanto, seu ethos discursivo acaba acentuando algumas ênfases. No jornalismo online, essa amplificação se acentua, pois é preciso despertar o interesse do internauta envolvido em um universo altamente fluido de conteúdo. De outra parte, a complexa questão das mudanças climáticas globais se tornou um tema midiático extremamente visibilizado; pesquisas na área apontam que a mídia evidencia ênfases alarmistas relacionadas a riscos e ameaças ambientais, pressupondo-se que isso pode levar à sensação de medo. Ao examinar a cobertura da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança no Clima (COP21, Paris, 2015), perguntamos: quais ênfases se evidenciaram nas notícias sobre esse evento global? Como recorte, examinamos os títulos e lides das matérias publicadas na cobertura das edições brasileira, norte-americana e francesa do site The Huffington Post, analisando-os em suas “ênfases” e “enquadramentos”. Ao final, questiona-se se, por meio dessa cobertura, o leitor pode ser levado à sensação de medo ou a uma sensibilização que estimule o enfrentamento dos riscos climáticos.
As mudanças climáticas no Twitter: a ascendência da mídia e da política
Authors: Balbé Alice Dutra , Carvalho Anabela
Published: May 2017

A 21ª Conferência das Partes (COP21) da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças no Clima foi apontada como a mais promissora reunião para um acordo global de combate aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas e redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Este artigo analisa a comunicação sobre as mudanças climáticas no ambiente online durante o período da Conferência. Os temas debatidos nas redes sociais são suscetíveis a afetar o debate de forma ampla e trazem importantes informações a respeito da opinião pública e de percepções sobre as mudanças climáticas (Williams et al., 2015). Para este fim, o trabalho foca-se na popular rede social Twitter, que tem sido apontada como um termômetro da percepção pública (Brown & Wake, 2015). O Twitter tem mais de 310 milhões de utilizadores ativos por mês, dos quais 79% estão fora dos Estados Unidos da América, o que possibilita analisar outros contextos e fomentar a investigação em idiomas sub investigados, como o espanhol e o português. Lança-se um primeiro olhar sobre os usos e conteúdos publicados no Twitter nas línguas mencionadas visando responder às seguintes questões: Que tipo de conteúdos são mais populares no Twitter sobre mudanças climáticas? Qual a linguagem (palavras, nomes) utilizada para se debater o tema? Até que ponto é que a mídia tradicional é referência relevante no contexto da comunicação sobre as mudanças climáticas na rede social? Quem são os atores que formam esta rede e quais são os mais influentes? Conclui-se, entre outros aspectos, que entre os atores da rede se destacam diversos políticos e que a mídia é referência importante de informação nesta rede social. Nos dados em língua portuguesa, constatou-se um nível de atividade muito elevado dos cidadãos, que dominaram a produção de conteúdos sobre a COP 21.
Subordinated Binomial Option Pricing with Stochastic Arrival Intensity and Untraded Underlying Asset
Authors: Chang Carolyn W. , Chang Jack S.K.
Published: May 2017

We extend the subordinated binomial option pricing model with stochastic arrival intensity (Chang, Chang and Lu, 2010) to allow for untraded underlying assets by using matching futures prices to imply out the underlying asset values. We empirically apply the model to VIX option pricing vis-à-vis the original model with constant arrival intensity (Chang, Chang and Tian, 2006) using a two-year set of daily VIX options and futures data to specifically examine the efficacy of adding stochastic arrival intensity and untraded underlying assets.  We find that the extended version significantly outperforms the original model both in sample and out-of-sample in terms of the MSE, with pricing error reduction about 37% and 32%, respectively, and additionally the outperformance is robust to the selection of the constant arrival intensity level.  We attribute the outperformance to the extended model’s incorporation of the stylized effects of mean-reversion and clustering in intensity arrivals as well as of the information content conveyed by the matching futures prices.
Esophageal perforation due to breast cancer metastasis: Case report
Authors: Avendaño Victor Hernández , Jimenez-Lopez Maricela , Díaz Francisco González , Miguel Sandro Cantellano de , Franco José Salvador Serrano , Flores Rubén Ventura Hernández
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Breast cancer metastasis to the esophagus is rare and can appear after a long period after remission. The lesions are frequently found on lung, liver, bone, soft tissue, brain and adrenal glands. Although the esophagus is a rare location, the distal part is the most common site of lesions and they can appear with clinical signs of stricture, with an incidence of 4% to 5% in some series reported in the literature.Case presentation: A 64-year-old woman with history of breast cancer treated with mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy currently in remission was referred to our center presenting stenosis of the esophagus and perforation that was treated with previously with a pleural patch that presented leakage requiring laparoscopic esophagectomy with gastric ascent. The patient had a good postoperative recovery, and was discharged to continue follow up as an outpatient. The surgical piece was examined with a final pathology report of breast cancer metastasis on the esophagus (ductal carcinoma) at the site of the stenosis and was referred to an Oncology service.Discussion: Although breast carcinoma represents a frequent source of metastases to the gastrointestinal tract, esophageal lesions are a rare entity. There is a low percentage of patients diagnosed endoscopically in the preoperative period due to the low incidence and the involvement of submucosa which makes obtaining a good sample difficult. These lesions can occur without symptomatology in a large number of patients, dysphagia is the most common symptom. Endoscopic resection is a suitable option with adequate results and is considered a safe method, however, is difficult to identify this pathology before it manifests clinically. In the scenario of complication, the minimally invasive approach provides a good option for a better postoperative recovery.
The Connectionist Approach of Processing L2 Ambiguous English Sentences
Authors: Ren Hulin
Published: May 2017

The connectionist approach to language processing is popular in second language (L2) study in recent years. The paper is to investigate the connectionist approach of Chinese learners’ individual differences in the comprehension of certain ambiguous English sentences. Comprehension accuracy and grammaticality judgment are carried out with three groups with different background of language experience, namely, well-experienced English natives (group 1), well-experienced non-native English learners (group 2) and semi-experienced non-native English learners (group 3) on four types of ambiguous English sentences such as The polite actor thanked the old man who carried the black umbrella. Results of the study are discussed and a number of conclusions based on the results are summarized with regard to L2 learners’ differences in the performance to comprehend ambiguous syntactic structures.
“P[E]NEU”, “AD[E]VOGADO” e “AF[E]TOSA”: o abaixamento das vogais suarabáticas nos dados do projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil
Authors: Romano Valter Pereira , Seabra Rodrigo Duarte
Published: May 2017

Este artigo traz reflexões acerca da epêntese vocálica no Português Brasileiro, em especial, sobre o fenômeno fonético-fonológico conhecido como suarabácti, que consiste na inserção de uma vogal epentética para desfazer encontros consonantais impróprios. Utiliza-se como corpus de análise dados que integram o banco de dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, coletados em dois estados federativos, Paraná e São Paulo, junto a 220 informantes estratificados, equitativamente, segundo as variáveis sexo (homem e mulher) e faixa etária (faixa 1: 18 a 30 anos/ faixa 2: 50 a 65 anos), todos com escolaridade máxima até o 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Foram selecionadas três questões do Questionário Fonético-Fonológico, a saber: questão 54 (AFTOSA), 72 (PNEU) e 101 (ADVOGADO) e tratadas a partir dos procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos da Dialetologia e da Sociolinguística variacionista, por meio de gráficos, cartas linguísticas e análise segundo resultados obtidos no Programa GoldVarb (2001), considerando-se o cruzamento e variáveis linguísticas e extralinguísticas na realização da regra variável, abaixamento da vogal [i]  > [e].
Optimized HPLC -UV Method for Separation, Detection and Quantification of Endocrine Disrupting Estrogens in Low Quality Water
Authors: Msigala Sijaona Cassian , Mabiki Faith P , Styrishave Bjarne , Mdegela Robinson H
Published: May 2017

Endocrine disrupting estrogens are emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems and environment in general. There are no guidelines for routine monitoring of these chemicals, despite the existing evidences of their adverse health effect to living organisms at low concentrations. This study aimed at developing and validating an optimized HPLC-UV method for detection and quantification of estradiol and ethinylestradiol. Isocratic elution was used for separation and detection of ethinylestradiol and estradiol. The mobile phase was applied with A; water B; acetonitrile (50:50) at flow rate of 0.7mL/min and injection volume 10mL. The precision and accuracy of the method were within the acceptable range. Relative standard deviation of peak area for E2 ranged from 1.373 to 3.668%, and for EE2 ranged from 0.829 to 6.495 %. The percentage recovery for E2 ranged from 82.3 to 99.84 %, and for EE2 ranged from 84.6 to 103.52 %. Linearity of the method was realized at range of 2.5 to 50 ng/mL and 100 to 1000 ng/mL for both E2 and EE2. The linear regression coefficients were 0.9979 and 0.9973 for E2 whereas for EE2 were 0.9983 and 0.9976. Limit of detection were found to be 0.05 ng/mL and 0.08 ng/mL for E2 and EE2 respectively. The obtained limits of quantification were 0.18 and 0.28 ng/mL for E2 and EE2 respectively. In untreated sewage the concentrations of E2 and EE2 were 0.28 ng/ml and 0.18 ng/ml respectively. But in subsequent wastewater stabilization ponds the concentrations were below detection limit. Therefore, the optimized HPLC-UV method is suitable for detection and quantification of endocrine disrupting estrogens when a level of pollution is at least 0.15 ng/ml. At low extent of pollution would require use of the method in conjunction with ELISA technique.
Managerial Compensation and Corporate Bond Yield with Active Shareholders
Authors: Cerasi Vittoria , Daltung Sonja
Published: May 2017

In this paper we show how a greater pay-for-performance in managerial compensation may reduce the cost of corporate debt. The model points to the relation between the bonus and the monitoring effort by shareholders as key to reduce the cost of debt and hence increase the value of the company. Incentivizing the manager with a bonus related to the company’s performance, provided that the information is disclosed to investors, not only reduces the moral hazard between managers and share-holders, but more importantly between shareholders and bond-holders. The model predicts i) a lower corporate bond yield when there is disclosure of managerial pay-performance to ﬁnancial markets, and ii) an increasing degree of managerial pay-for-performance with company’s leverage.
Performance Analysis of Portfolio Optimisation Strategies: Evidence from the Exchange Market
Authors: Narsoo Jason
Published: May 2017

Portfolio allocation is embedded in many decisional tasks for ensuring best returns under the constraint of minimising risk. In this paper, we implement several strategies in order to generate a holistic assessment of portfolio evaluation. The study analyses the performance of an extended framework of the classical tangency and targeted portfolio strategies. The extension is essentially the use of the skewed student-t distribution for the individual assets’ log-return. Our investigation is based on 15 currencies with US dollar as the base currency for the period spanning from 1999 to 2015. A comparative performance analysis between the portfolio optimization strategies is undertaken on the basis of various performance measures, namely the portfolio expected return, standard deviation, Beta coefficient, Sharpe Ratio, Jensen’s Alpha, Treynor ratio and Roy ratio. The portfolio VaR being perceived as one of the core metrics for risk management is also computed. It is actually proxied by 5 VaR estimates - the parametric Gaussian, the equally-weighted historical VaR, the bootstrapping historical VaR, the Monte-Carlo simulation VaR and the parametric GHD VaR. The results show that both tangency portfolios, with the Gaussian or the skewed student-t distribution perform best, particularly on the basis of highest Sharpe reward-to-variability ratio and lowest Value-at-Risk.
Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Selected Cereal and Legume Crop Residues
Authors: Anguria Paul , Chemining’wa George N. , Onwonga Richard N. , Ugen Michael A.
Published: May 2017

Crop residues have the potential to enhance soil fertility, but this is dependent on their biochemical quality. A study was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute-Serere, Uganda to determine the chemical composition, nutrient release patterns and rates of selected crop residues. The design used was randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments comprised of 20g of finger millet, sorghum, cowpea and groundnut crop residues. Finger millet had the highest initial C (36.28%) and N (3.46%), cowpea had the highest initial P (0.60%) and Ca (0.30%) and groundnut shells had significantly the highest initial K (1.01%). Finger millet husks with the lowest carbon/nitrogen ratio, had significantly the highest rate of dry matter disappearance and nutrient release, while groundnut shells with the highest carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios had significantly the lowest nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates. At the end of incubation, finger millet husks had significantly the lowest N (0.29%) and C (10.22%), while cowpea husks had the lowest P (0.27%), K (0.18%) and Ca (0.27%). Nutrient release and dry matter disappearance rates of crop residues occurred in the order of N > K > P > Ca and finger millet husks > cowpea husks > sorghum husks > groundnut shells, respectively. This study has demonstrated that finger millet husks released nutrients faster and this is beneficial for early planted crops, while groundnut shells released nutrients slowly which is appropriate for long term availability of plant nutrients.
Alkaloids in White Lupin and Their Effects on Symbiotic N Fixation
Authors: Staples Kristina D. , Hamama Anwar A. , Knight-Mason Regina , Bhardwaj Harbans L.
Published: May 2017

Seeds of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), known to potentially fix 150 to 200 kg/ha N via Symbiotic N Fixation (SNF), are classified as sweet or bitter based on their alkaloid contents: sweet lupins contain very low whereas bitter lupins contain high contents of alkaloids. However, precise information about effects of alkaloid content on SNF is not very well unknown. Experiments were conducted to determine if alkaloid content in the seed is related to that in other plant tissue such as leaves and pod shells, characterization of relationship between alkaloid concentration and SNF, and to study variation among 126 white lupin accessions for concentration of alkaloids. In the first experiment, the Dragendorff test, a colorimetric test, was used to categorize field-grown lupin lines into 6 categories: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with 0 representing sweet and 5 representing extreme bitterness with bitterness increasing from 0 to 5. In the second experiment, ten lupin lines differing in their Dragendorff score from 0 to four were inoculated with seven bradyrhizobial strains and studied for SNF in a greenhouse. A numerical scale from 0 to 4 with 1 representing absence of nodules and 4 representing many functional nodules was used as a measure of SNF. In the third experiment, concentrations of alkaloids (Dragendorff scores), oil, and protein were studied in 126 accessions.Results indicated that all progenies with Dragendorff score of 1 for the seeds also had the same score for leaves and pod shells. However, this was not true for other progenies. In the case of progenies with Dragendorff scores of 0, 2, 3, or 4 in the seed, the Dragendorff scores for leaves and pod shells were above and below the seed scores indicating existence of variation for alkaloids in various tissues of the lupin plant. Alkaloid content also had significant effects on root nodulation. The interaction between alkaloid categories and bradyrhizobial strains was non-significant. The root nodulation score for lupin lines in alkaloid categories 0, 3, and 4 were similar, indicating that the same bradyrhizobial strain could be used to effectively inoculate sweet and bitter white lupin lines. The root nodulation induced by the seven bradyrhizobial strains were statistically different. It was observed that S96-A15, S96-A19, and S96-B9 were more efficient bradyrhizobial strains whereas S96-A5 was observed to be less efficient for root nodulation. Significant variation existed among 126 white lupin accessions for Dragendorff score and concentrations of oil and protein. The alkaloid content did not affect oil content in the seed, however, alkaloid content significantly affected protein content. The results indicated that bitter seeds had higher protein content.
Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Elakhdar A. , Kumamaru T. , Abd El-Aty M. , Amer Kh. , Eldegwy I. , Elakhdar I. , Noaman M.
Published: May 2017

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.
Cost Analysis of Corn Cultivation in the Setup of the Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration System to Recover Degraded Pastures
Authors: Rocha de Moraes Rego Carlos Augusto , Ribeiro Reis Victor Roberto , Wander Alcido Elenor , Cantanhêde Ilka South de Lima , Costa Joaquim Bezerra , Muniz Luciano Cavalcante , Costa Bruna Penha , López de Herrera Juan
Published: May 2017

The objective of this study is to estimate the production costs and profitability of corn cultivation in the setup phase of the crop-livestock-forest integration system for pasture recovery in the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim/MA, Brazil. The study was developed at the Technological Reference Unit (TRU) for the Integration of Crop-Livestock-Forest (ICLF) of Embrapa Cocais, located in the municipality of Pindaré-Mirim/MA, Brazil. Data collection occurred during the agricultural year 2015/2016. The management of the ICLF system was carried out following the molds of the “Santa Fé” technique. The cost of production was used to calculate the Total Operational Cost (TOC) and were extrapolated per hectare. For the economic analysis of corn production, three different prices were considered: (a) the price received by the producer; (b) the historical average of the last 30 months to the date of actual sale of the product; and (c) the minimum guarantee price of the federal government. The TOC was found to be US$ 1,672.72 per hectare. The economic efficiency indicators showed promising profit values, demonstrating that in this study with corn production in the 1st year, it would be possible to pay for the implementation of the ICLF system as an alternative for the recovery of degraded pasture.
Selection of Superior Genotypes in 37 Clones of Camu-Camu by Repetitivity Analysis
Authors: Pinedo Panduro Mario , Chagas Edvan Alves , Davila Elvis Paredes , Rodriguez Carlos Abanto , Lozano Ricardo Bardales , Chagas Pollyana Cardoso , Melo Valdinar Ferreira
Published: May 2017

In order to select camu-camu superior genotypes, a comparative of clones from natural populations, farmer plantations and an experimental field of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), was established in 2004 in varzea, at the Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP). Nine harvests between 2006 and 2016 have been evaluated, including variables in vegetative and reproductive development states. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for analysis of variance and SELEGEN REML/BLUP for repetitivity analysis of “fruit yield” (FY) and “fruit weight” (FW) with 5 and 4 measurements (years) respectively. For FY, a repetitivity index r = 0.117±0.07 was obtained with a selective precision of 0.63 and efficiency of 1.84 where clones 69, 48, 58, 50, 61, 13, 18, 29, 49 and 32, were selected in descending order of merit. For FW, r = 0.690±0.294 was obtained with selective precision of 0.948, efficiency of 1.14 and selection of clones 44, 13, 26, 23, 69, 64 22, 52, 27 and 8. As for the content in ascorbic acid, clones 48, 32 and 35 occupied the first places with more than 2000 mg of ascorbic acid/100 g. The selections achieved strengthened the pre-improvement work by conferring vigour y fiavility of a long term research.