bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dopamine D4 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: KULAGOWSKI J. J. , PATEL S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Glycolipids
Authors: FATTORUSSO E. , MANGONI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods of Description of the Polycondensation Kinetics and the Structures of the Polymers Formed
Authors: IRZHAK V. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of Fullerene Chemistry
Authors: SAMAL S. , SAHOO S. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenations
Authors: AUGUSTINE R. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrathin Magnetic Structures ‐ Magnetism and Electronic Properties
Authors: BLAND J. A. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robert Havemann. Chemiker im Widerstand
Authors: Neubauer Alfred
Published: August 2010

Im außergewöhnlichen Leben des deutschen Physikochemikers und Philosophen Robert Havemann nimmt seine Widerstandstätigkeit in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und seine damit verbundene Verurteilung zum Tode im Dezember 1943 einen besonderen Rang ein. Vorgesetzte, Freunde und Havemann selbst führten einen erfolgreichen Kampf, um die Vollstreckung des Urteils zu verhindern. Durch die Deklarierung seiner Forschungsarbeiten als besonders kriegswichtig kam es sogar zur Einrichtung eines eigenen Forschungslabors für Havemann im Zuchthaus Brandenburg‐Görden. Unter der Maske des einsichtigen und reumütigen Gefangenen setzte er auch in der Haft seinen Widerstand gegen das NS‐Regime bis zu seiner Befreiung durch die Rote Armee im April 1945 fort.
Mein kleiner grüner Kaktus. Licht in der Dunkelreaktion
Authors: Streller Sabine , Roth Klaus
Published: August 2010

Pflanzen nehmen Kohlendioxid auf und wandeln es in Kohlenhydrate um. Wie schaffen es Pflanzen, das extrem inaktive Gas zur Reaktion zu bringen? Wie sieht der CO2‐Akzeptor aus und wie der Katalysator? Verfolgen wir das Schicksal eines einzelnen Kohlenstoffatoms vom CO2 bis zu den Kohlenhydraten. Es ist ein Weg voller Überraschungen und am Ende werden wir respektvoll erkennen, dass Pflanzen wirklich brillante Chemiker sind.
New Anacardic Acid‐Inspired Benzamides: Histone Lysine Acetyltransferase Activators
Authors: Souto José A. , Benedetti Rosaria , Otto Katharina , Miceli Marco , Álvarez Rosana , Altucci Lucia , de Lera Angel R.
Published: August 2010

A series of N‐(4‐cyano‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl)‐2‐ethoxy‐6‐alkyl (and alkenyl) benzamides related to the anacardic acid derivative CTPB have been prepared from 2,6‐dihydroxybenzoic acid with a Suzuki coupling and addition of the anion of 4‐cyano‐3‐trifluoromethylphenylamine to a benzodioxinone as the key steps. In U937 cells, these analogues, in particular 7 c, 7 d, 7 f and 7 j, induced cell‐cycle arrest in the G1 phase, caused apoptosis in about 20 % of the cells, and increased the acetylation levels of H3. These activities correlate with the enzymatic activation of histone lysine acetyltransferases (KATs): CBP and PCAF.
Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling during proepicardium formation in the chick embryo
Authors: Torlopp Angela , Schlueter Jan , Brand Thomas
Published: August 2010

The proepicardium forms at the venous pole of the embryonic heart and gives rise to several cell types of the mature heart. We investigated the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during proepicardium formation in the chick embryo. Several FGF ligands (Fgf2, Fgf10, and Fgf12) and receptors (Fgfr1, Fgfr2, and Fgfr4) are expressed in the proepicardium. Experimental modulation of FGF signaling in explant cultures affected cell proliferation and survival. In contrast, expression of Tbx18, Wt1, or Tbx5 were unaffected by FGF inhibition. In agreement with the explant data, villous outgrowth of the proepicardium was strongly impaired by FGF inhibition in vivo, however Tbx18 expression was maintained. These data suggest that during proepicardium formation, FGF ligands act as autocrine or paracrine growth factors to prevent apoptosis, maintain proliferation, and to promote villous outgrowth of the proepicardium. However, FGF is not involved in the induction or maintenance of proepicardium‐specific marker gene expression. Developmental Dynamics 239:2393–2403, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of N‐Type Ligands in the Enantioselective Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Underivatized Amino Acids
Authors: Verkuijl Bastiaan J. V. , Schoonen Anne K. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , de Vries Johannes G. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: August 2010

The first palladium based extraction system using chiral N‐based ligands in the enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction (ELLE) of underivatized amino acids, is presented. The system shows the highest selectivity for the ELLE of methionine with metal complexes as hosts reported to date. Furthermore, the host can be prepared in situ from commercially available compounds. The dependency of the system on parameters such as pH, organic solvent, and temperature has been established. The intrinsic selectivity was deduced by determination of the association constants of the palladium complex with the tryptophan enantiomers.
Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Myoglobin Immobilized on Graphene‐CTAB‐Ionic Liquid Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Liao Hong‐gang , Wu Hong , Wang Jun , Liu Jun , Jiang Yan‐Xia , Sun Shi‐Gang , Lin Yuehe
Published: August 2010

This paper describes the direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of myoglobin immobilized on graphene‐cetylramethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐ionic liquid nanocomposite film on a glassy carbon electrode. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. It was found that the high surface area of graphene was helpful for immobilizing more proteins and the nanocomposite film could provide a favorable microenvironment for MB to retain its native structure and activity and to achieve reversible direct electron transfer reaction at an electrode. The ionic liquid may play dual roles here: it keeps the protein's activity and improves stability of the nanocomposite film; it also serves as a binder between protein and electrode, therefore, enhancing the electron transfer between the protein and the electrode. The nanocomposite films also exhibit good stability and catalytic activities for the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2.
A Voltammetric Study of the Interaction Between Cucurbit[6]uril and Divalent Metal Ions
Authors: Blanco Elías , Quintana Carmen , Hernández Pedro , Hernández Lucas
Published: August 2010

Cucurbit[6]uril is a macrocyclic, pumpkin‐shaped compound that consists of six glycoluril units joined by methylene groups. Herein we present an electrochemical study of the interaction between cucurbit[6]uril and the metallic species [Cd(H2O)6]2+, [Cd(NH3)4]2+, [Zn(H2O)6]2+, [Zn(NH3)4]2+, [Co(H2O)6]2+, [Mn(H2O)6]2+ and [Ni(H2O)6]2+, under competitive conditions, using a hanging drop mercury electrode. The formation of cucurbit[6]uril‐metal complexes of stoichiometries 1 : 2 for cadmium, 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 for zinc, 1 : 4 for cobalt and nickel, and 1 : 5 for manganese was observed.
The Mediated Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: O'Mahony Aoife M. , Compton Richard G.
Published: August 2010

The detection of H2S was studied using several mediators in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) at a microelectrode. Each mediator was characterised voltammetrically, and H2S was added to observe if any mediation took place. A successful mediator was 3,5‐tert‐butyl‐obenzoquinone. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out in [C2mim][NTf2]. A reductive wave was observed and attributed to the two‐electron reduction of the mediator. No oxidative signal was observed. H2S was flowed through the system. Cyclic voltammograms showed a decrease in the reductive wave of the mediator and the onset of an oxidative signal due to the reaction between the mediator and H2S to form an adduct. This reaction is reversible and on purging the system with N2, the original reductive signal of the mediator was recovered.
The evaluation of grain shear stress from experiments in a pebble‐bedded flume
Authors: Petit Francois
Published: August 2010

Initial experiments were conducted in a flat‐bottomed flume with pebbles (median diameter slightly below 20 mm), with a view to test the validity of the methods which permit differentiation between shear stress due to grain resistance (τ″) and that due to bedform resistance (τ″). It is clearly confirmed that τ′ represents the total shear stress (τ). The method of Laursen (1958) is appropriate for evaluation of grain shear stress in the case of pebbly beds. Indeed the ratio τ′ is close to 1, except when the dimensionless flow depth (d/D50) is less than 4. A close relationship exists between the grain shear stress and the shear calculated from friction velocities.

A second series of experiments was then carried out in the same flume, after creating differences in bedform (alternating riffles and pools). The ratio τ′/τ produced by Laursen's method represents on average 0.40. The relationship between these grain shear stresses and the shear stresses calculated from shear velocities is relatively good here as well, and is similar in presentation to that established in the case of flat bed. Finally, as confirmation of the adequacy of Laursen's method under the same initial conditions of bottom slope and discharge, the grain shear stress for an undulating bed is very close to the total shear stress of a flat bed.
Subsurface water flow on a slope in the loamy region of Belgium
Authors: Michiels P. , Hartmann R. , De Strooper E.
Published: August 2010

In order to evaluate the different water flow processes in a silt loam soil susceptible to erosion (slope 16 per cent), a hydrological study was started in 1987 on a standard bare erosion plot under conventional tillage.

Tensiometer sets were used to determine the soil water potential status along a 20m transect during the growing season. From these measurements, hydralic head profiles were constructed and the depth of the saturated zone was derived.

Through daily measurements, different directions of water flow were observed within the soil profile and within time, and temporary and permanent saturated zones could be recognized along the studied transect. During rainy periods, a subsurface water flow was observed in a saturated zone just below the soil surface. It appears that the presence of a shallow compacted plough pan can cause this temporary perching of water.
Über boreale Grünlandgesellschaften
Authors: Passarge Harro
Published: August 2010

Nach knapp skizzierten standörtlichen Bedingungen des Untersuchungsgebietes werden die beobachteten Pflanzengesellschaften der Feucht‐ und Frischwiesen sowie der Weiderasen beschrieben. Der Literaturvergleich stellt Gemeinsames und Besonderes der gefundenen Vegetationseinheiten heraus. Als neue Assoziationen werden abgegrenzt: Trollio‐Cirsietum heterophylli, Tormentillo‐Deschampsietum‐caespitosae, Caro‐Festucetum pratensis, Galio‐Agrostietum tenuis, Phleo‐Trifolietum repentis (vgl. Tab. 1–4). Merkliche floristische und coenologische Unterschiede gegenüber den Molinietalia‐ und Arrhenatheretalia verlangen innerhalb der Molinio‐Arrhenatheretea eine Abtrennung der borealen Wiesen in der eigenen Ordnung Alchemillo‐Deschampsietalia caespitosae mit drei Verbänden (s. S. 541).
Ultrastructural studies of the ovary wall and pericarp of Asclepias curassavica L. II. Mesocarp development With 3 Figures
Authors: Kuriachen P. M. , Thomas Vinoth , Dave Yash
Published: August 2010

The present article describes various subcellular changes occurring during development and maturation of the mesocarp of Asclepias curassavica follicle. The ground tissue of the ovary wall consists of dense cytoplasm containing cell organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, ribosomes etc. Mesocarp developing from the ground tissue is differentiated into three zones on the basis of cell shape and degree of vacuolation. Chloroplasts possess starch grains which have a central electron translucent area and a peripheral electron opaque boundary. In the mature fruit the mesocarpic cells are highly vacuolated with a peripheral layer of cytoplasm. The cytoplasm seems to be loose or less denser than that of the developing mesocarpic cells, but contains all the cell organelles that are present in the developing mesocarp.
Effects of a rape awareness program on college women: increasing bystander efficacy and willingness to intervene
Authors: Foubert John D. , Langhinrichsen‐Rohling Jennifer , Brasfield Hope , Hill Brent
Published: August 2010

An experimental study evaluated the efficacy of a sexual assault risk‐reduction program on 279 college women that focused on learning characteristics of male perpetrators and teaching bystander intervention techniques. After seeing The Women's Program, participants reported significantly greater bystander efficacy and significantly greater willingness to help than before seeing the program. Participants outperformed a control group. Rape myth acceptance also declined among program participants. Implications for rape awareness programming are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Viewing community as responsibility as well as resource: deconstructing the theoretical roots of psychological sense of community
Authors: Nowell Branda , Boyd Neil
Published: August 2010

The field of scholarship surrounding the construct of psychological sense of community (PSOC) has been dominated by first‐order learning processes attending to issues of measurement and prediction of the four‐dimensional framework proposed by McMillan and Chavis (1976). This article seeks to contribute to the conceptual development of PSOC by clarifying the second‐order assumptions of PSOC as it is represented in prevailing conception and measurement. We introduce human needs theory as a macro framework for representing the definition and study of PSOC to date. Second, we illuminate the limitations of a purely needs theory perspective of PSOC and propose the value of exploring alternative theoretically grounded perspectives. Third, we offer an alternative theoretical base for PSOC—a sense of community as responsibility—and highlight how this alternative theoretical lens can suggest new models for understanding the dynamic between PSOC, psychological well‐being, and community engagement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Participation in extracurricular activities and emotional and behavioral adjustment in middle childhood in Spanish Boys and Girls
Authors: Molinuevo Beatriz , Bonillo Albert , Pardo Yolanda , Doval Eduardo , Torrubia Rafael
Published: August 2010

This study examined the concurrent relationship between participation in extracurricular activities and externalizing and internalizing problems and social school behavior in a Spanish community sample, separately for boys (n=439) and girls (n=428), enrolled in 2nd, 4th, or 6th grades. Weekly participation in extracurricular activities was related to better emotional and behavioral adjustment and social competence. Overall, the relations were low and different according to gender, type of activity, and informant. Better adjustment was more related to participation in sports activities in boys and to participation in nonsports activities in girls. Size effect was higher for girls and decreased for both boys and girls when parental education and parenting practices were considered. Findings supported previous results obtained in American adolescents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of hepatocyte growth factor on the initial stages of mouse follicle development
Authors: Guglielmo M.C. , Ricci G. , Catizone A. , Barberi M. , Galdieri M. , Stefanini M. , Canipari R.
Published: August 2010

Interactions between theca and granulosa cells of the follicle are critical for the coordination of ovarian follicle development. The cell–cell interactions are mediated through the local production and actions of a variety of factors. The current study is designed to investigate the expression of Hgf and its receptor, c‐Met, in the mouse ovary during in vivo folliculogenesis. We found that Hgf and c‐Met mRNAs were already expressed in 2‐day‐old ovaries, and that, while c‐Met levels remained constant until 22‐day‐old, Hgf levels slightly but not significantly increased with age. The expression of Hgf mRNA in theca/interstitial cells was higher than in granulosa cells in 22‐day‐old ovaries. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the expression pattern demonstrated by RT‐PCR. We investigated the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) at the beginning of mouse folliculogenesis and its possible interaction with kit ligand (KL). Interestingly, both KL and HGF were able to increase the expression of each other, creating a positive feedback loop. In the presence of HGF, we observed an increase of granulosa cell proliferation and an increase in the number of pre‐antral and early antral follicles in ovary organ cultures. We also observed a significant increase in the diameters of follicles in individual follicle cultures. Moreover, HGF stimulated the expression of the FSH receptors, both in the whole ovary and in isolated pre‐antral follicle cultures. Based on the data presented, we concluded that HGF exerts multiple levels of control over follicular cell functions, which collectively enable the progression of follicular development. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 520–529, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bax is essential for Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission but not for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization caused by photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Zhou Feifan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Xing Da
Published: August 2010

Bcl‐2 family proteins are critical for the regulation of apoptosis, with the pro‐apoptotic members Bax essential for the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in many instances. However, we found that Bax was activated after mitochondrial depolarization and the completion of cytochrome c release induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitizer Photofrin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (ASTC‐a‐1). Besides, knockdown of Bax expression by gene silencing had no effect on mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release, indicating that Bax makes no contribution to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) following PDT. Further study revealed that Bax knockdown only slowed down the speed of cell death induced by PDT, indicating that Bax is not essential for PDT‐induced apoptosis. The fact that Bax knockdown totally inhibited the mitochondrial accumulation of dynamin‐related protein (Drp1) and Drp1 knockdown attenuated cell apoptosis suggest that Bax can promote PDT‐induced apoptosis through promoting Drp1 activation. Besides, Drp1 knockdown also failed to inhibit PDT‐induced cell death finally, indicating that Bax‐mediated Drp1's mitochondrial translocation is not essential for PDT‐induced cell apoptosis. On the other hand, we found that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), Bim L and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were activated upon PDT treatment and might contribute to the activation of Bax under the condition. Taken together, Bax activation is not essential for MOMP but essential for Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission during the apoptosis caused by Photofrin‐PDT. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 530–541, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI‐guided brain tumor cryoablation in a rabbit model
Authors: Song Jiqing , Li Chengli , Wu Lebin , Liu Ming , Lv Yubo , Xie Guohua , Li Lei , Blanco Sequeiros Roberto
Published: August 2010

Purpose

To report the results of an animal trial exploring the feasibility of minimally invasive MR imaging‐guided rabbit brain tumor cryoablation with an argon‐based cryo‐unit.

Materials and Methods

VX2 tumor segments (0.96 × 0.96 × 50mm) were implanted into parietal lobes of 26 New Zealand white rabbits. Seventeen rabbits were treated with cryoablation. Six rabbits were not treated and formed a control group. Cryoablation was achieved with a MR‐compatible cryoablation unit using 1.47‐mm cryoprobes in an open 0.23 Tesla (T) MRI scanner. The therapeutic response was evaluated with follow‐up MRI and the corresponding histopathology. A 3.0T MRI scanner was used for preoperative and postoperative follow‐up imaging. Posttreatment imaging with subsequent endpoints was performed at 3, 7, 14, and 60 days after the treatment.

Results

Of 17 rabbits, 6 died on the first postoperative day. Histopathology revealed coagulation necrosis in samples from the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day, and reactive changes at 60 days, these findings were consistent with MRI. The longest survival time in the treatment group, 60 days (n = 2), was considerably longer than the survival times in control group.

Conclusion

Successful rabbit brain tumor cryoablation can be achieved using argon‐based cryodevice under MRI guidance. The complication rate in this series was relatively high. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:545–551. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Terraced fills of Pleistocene and Holocene age in the Rheidol Valley, Wales
Authors: Macklin Mark G. , Lewin John
Published: August 2010

The legacy of repeated Pleistocene glaciations has endowed many Welsh river valleys with locally thick successions of glacial and alluvial sediments. Investigations of a well‐preserved flight of terraced sediments with good exposures at Capel Bangor, on the Afon Rheidol, mid‐Wales, has allowed its Quaternary valley fill stratigraphy to be examined in detail. Study has revealed five terraced fills consisting of seven distinct sedimentary units. These range from Late Devensian ice‐contact and ice‐marginal deposits, to Holocene high‐sinuosity stream sediments with episodes of man‐induced accelerated deposition of fine‐grained alluvium, and to aggradation and subsequent incision associated with historic metal mining. Examination of general sedimentary properties (e.g., granulometry, sedimentary structures, terrace surface morphology) show both differences in the pattern and controls of deposition and also progressive changes over Late Devensian and Holocene times. The sediments of the Rheidol Valley record the response and subsequent recovery of a drainage basin to glaciation, and the increasing influence of man on sediment yields, channel processes, and sediment quality.
Injection laryngoplasty with micronized dermis: A 10‐year experience with 381 injections in 344 patients
Authors: Tan Melin , Woo Peak
Published: August 2010

Objective:

Micronized Dermis (MD) has been used for injection laryngoplasty for correction of glottic insufficiency since 2000. There is controversy whether the material is temporary or permanent. This is a retrospective review of 381 injections in 344 patients. From this review, we hope to better define the role of MD in injection laryngoplasty.

Method:

Retrospective chart review from a single surgeon (2000–2010)

Results:

The indications for MD were for both temporary and permanent correction of glottic insufficiency. The diagnoses were: vocal fold paralysis (n = 216), scar (n = 51), atrophy (n = 42), sulcus (n = 22), and others (n = 13). The material has the best effect when placed into the membranous vocal fold just lateral to the vocal ligament. The operative and postoperative complication was 1.05%. Twenty‐nine percent of all injections resulted in unwanted absorption. Overinjection was needed and transcervical approach was preferred to prevent implant extrusion with overinjection. The median volume of injected material has increased from 0.8 cc to 1.0 cc over the decade. In 159 patients with long‐term follow‐up (>1 year), there was a 14% incidence of reinjection. Despite this, the overall need for open procedures in patients with long‐term follow‐up was 20%.

Conclusions:

Despite the problems of inconsistency in preparation, slow absorption and need for overinjection, micronized dermis is a safe allograft material that has long‐term (>1 year) stability. The material may reduce the need for open surgery. It can be used for both temporary and permanent vocal fold augmentation. Laryngoscope, 2010
Phase Transition and Phase Transformation in Block Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Higuchi Takeshi , Motoyoshi Kiwamu , Sugimori Hidekazu , Jinnai Hiroshi , Yabu Hiroshi , Shimomura Masatsugu
Published: August 2010

Block copolymer nanopaticles were prepared from the mixture solutions containing good/poor solvents by a simple evaporation process. The block copolymers formed disorder, unidirectionally stacked lamellar, and onion‐like structures in nanoparticles depending on preparation temperatures. Thermal annealing induced the disorder‐order phase transition and order‐order phase transformation in the block copolymer nanoparticles, even though the annealing temperature is lower than the of one polymer segment. The unusual thermal behaviors suggest that the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer is decreased by the effect of nanoparticle, whose surface areas are larger than their volumes.

magnified image
Clinical spectrum of Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome in the Chilean kindred with ATP13A2 mutations
Authors: Behrens Maria I. , Brüggemann Norbert , Chana Pedro , Venegas Pablo , Kägi Marianne , Parrao Teresa , Orellana Patricia , Garrido Cristian , Rojas Cecilia V. , Hauke Jan , Hahnen Eric , González Rafael , Seleme Nicolas , Fernández Verónica , Schmidt Alexander , Binkofski Ferdinand , Kömpf Detlef , Kubisch Christian , Hagenah Johann , Klein Christine , Ramirez Alfredo
Published: August 2010

We report the clinical features of the original Chilean family with Kufor‐Rakeb syndrome (KRS) that led to the discovery of the ATP13A2 gene at the PARK9 locus. KRS is a rare juvenile‐onset autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive Parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, and cognitive decline in addition to vertical gaze palsy and facial‐faucial‐finger minimyoclonus. Neurological and neuropsychological examination during a 10‐year period, videotaping, neuroimaging, and measurement of DNA methylation of the ATP13A2 promoter region were performed. The youngest 5 of 17 children of nonconsanguineous parents, carrying compound‐heterozygous ATP13A2 mutations, had normal development until ages ∼10 to 12 years, when school performance deteriorated and slowness, rigidity, and frequent falls developed. Examination revealed bradykinesia, subtle postural/action tremor, cogwheel rigidity, spasticity, upward gaze palsy, smooth pursuit with saccadic intrusions, and dementia. Additional signs included facial‐faucial‐finger minimyoclonus, absent postural reflexes, visual/auditory hallucinations, and insomnia. Levodopa response could not be fully judged in this family. T2* magnetic resonance imaging sequences revealed marked diffuse hypointensity of the caudate (head and body) and lenticular nucleus bilaterally. Disease progression was slow including epilepsy, cachexia, and anarthria. Four affected members died after 28.5 ± 5.5 (mean ± SD) years of disease. Two heterozygous carriers, the mother and eldest sibling, showed jerky perioral muscle contractions and clumsiness of hand movements. There was no significant correlation between DNA methylation of the ATP13A2 promoter region and disease progression. The marked caudate and lenticular nucleus T2*‐hypointensity suggests that KRS might belong to the family of neurodegenerative diseases associated with brain iron accumulation. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Eight‐year experience of the Cook‐Swartz Doppler in free‐flap operations: Microsurgical and reexploration results with regard to a wide spectrum of surgeries
Authors: Schmulder Ariel , Gur Eyal , Zaretski Arik
Published: August 2010

Background:

Microvascular free flap has become an increasingly popular useful method of reconstruction over the past few decades. Minimizing failure rates in these operations is a primary goal in every microsurgical unit that can be accomplished by early recognition.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, we tracked the admission of the implantable Doppler in the microsurgical unit (2000–2007) and evaluated parameters measured from 473 consecutive patients who underwent a total of 548 microsurgical procedures (489 primary surgeries and 59 reexplorations). The effectiveness of the Cook‐Swartz Doppler (Cook Medical®) was examined in juxtapose general and subspecialty's aspects: in each microsurgical subspecialty, we compared the overall success and failure rates of the group with the implantable Doppler (n = 259) with the control group monitored by clinical means (n = 289). We also examined the duration, outcomes, and the effectiveness of this device in reexploration operations.

Results:

Overall, success rates were improved by using the implantable Doppler contrary to clinical assessment (96.14% vs. 89.27%) with a statistical significant (P < 0.005). The device was most effective in ENT (94.6% vs. 84%), breast reconstructive surgeries (97.3% vs. 82.36%), and orthopedic oncology (97.37% vs. 83.72%), whereas with reanimation operations and trauma/orthopedics subspecialties, it showed no necessity. In neurosurgery and in other/esthetic surgeries, the study was too small to draw definite deductions.

Conclusions:

We recommend the usage of the implantable Doppler probe as an effective monitoring system for free‐flap surgeries, with emphasis on subspecialties where the device demonstrated better results than traditional monitoring methods. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
A coupled fluid–solid model for problems in geomechanics: Application to sand production
Authors: Boutt D. F. , Cook B. K. , Williams J. R.
Published: August 2010

Some of the most challenging problems in geomechanics involve the coupling between fluid flow and solid deformation. In this paper we briefly present an overview of existing coupling methods to problems involving fluid flow and deformation and describe testing of a new discrete‐based coupling method for problems in porous media. Modeled permeability and porosity distributions are compared to idealized packed assemblies and results are presented for simulations of steady flow through porous media. Previously published results for the coupled model focused on few or multiple particles in a fluid, whereas our results show good agreement to packed assemblies of particles (i.e. porous media). Finally, the two‐dimensional model is applied to sand production, a common problem in geomechanics. Sand production is defined as the co‐production of both a fluid and solid phase in oil and gas wells. In our models, we capture initial sand production associated with early‐time drawdown. Later‐time results show episodic sanding rates associated with formation stability and instabilities. Both observations are qualitatively consistent with laboratory and field observations. We find that high confining pressure inhibits the production of sand, through elevated interparticle contact forces. It is argued that these physically based models have a use in testing and evaluating competing hypotheses of sand production but their applicability is currently limited to small spatial and temporal scales. We believe these models bridge an important gap between the underlying physics of micro‐mechanical interactions of fluid and solid grains and the continuum descriptions of those systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of slip locking for displacement‐based finite element analysis of composite beam–columns
Authors: Erkmen R. Emre , Bradford Mark A.
Published: August 2010

In the conventional displacement‐based finite element analysis of composite beam–columns that consist of two Euler–Bernoulli beams juxtaposed with a deformable shear connection, the coupling of the transverse and longitudinal displacement fields may cause oscillations in slip field and reduction in optimal convergence rate, known as slip locking. This locking phenomenon is typical of multi‐field problems of this type, and is known to produce erroneous results for the displacement‐based finite element analysis of composite beam–columns based on cubic transverse and linear longitudinal interpolation fields. This paper introduces strategies including the assumed strain method, discrete strain gap method, and kinematic interpolatory technique to alleviate the oscillations in slip and curvature, and improve the convergence performance of the displacement‐based finite element analysis of composite beam–columns. A systematic solution of the differential equations of equilibrium is also provided, and a superconvergent element is developed in this paper. Numerical results presented illustrate the accuracy of the proposed modifications. The solutions based on the superconvergent element provide benchmark results for the performance of these proposed formulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of components depth profile at the interface of Ti6242 alloy and TiNi coatings after high temperature oxidation in air
Authors: Galdikas A. , Rivière J. P. , Petraitiene A. , Moskalioviene T. , Pichon L.
Published: August 2010

We have analyzed the interfacial elemental depth profile evolution after high temperature isothermal oxidation of NiTi coatings deposited by dynamic ion mixing on a Ti6242 alloy (Ti‐6Al‐2Sn‐4Zr‐2Mo). NiTi coatings (thickness 0.4 μm) were deposited at room temperature (RT) by ion beam sputtering. High temperature isothermal oxidation tests in 1 atm flowing synthetic air (80% N2, 20% O2) have been conducted at 500 °C and 600 °C during 100 hours. We have observed a non‐monotonous depth distribution of nickel in GDOES depth profiles after oxidation of TiNi/Ti6242: nickel segregates to the surface of TiNi coating and to the interface between TiNi coating and Ti6242 alloy. We propose a kinetic model based on rate equations for analyzing the depth profile. This model includes microprocesses taking place during oxidation in air such as: adsorption of nitrogen and oxygen, diffusion of components through the film and interface, formation of chemical compounds. It is shown by modeling that non‐monotonous depth profile of nickel occurs because nickel from TiNi coating is forming a nickel oxide compound when oxygen atoms reach the film/alloy interface. XRD analysis confirms the presence of nickel oxide in the TiNi/Ti6242 interface after oxidation at both temperatures 500 °C and 600 °C (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic application of mesoporous silica in the synthesis of substituted imidazoles under microwave irradiation and solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Kazemzad Mahmood , Yuzbashi Amir Ali , Balalaie Saeed
Published: August 2010

The capability of synthesized mesoporous silica (sBA‐15) was evaluated for the catalytic synthesis of substituted imidazoles under microwave irradiation and solvent free condition. The synthesis was carried out via condensation of benzyl, ammonium acetate and benzaldehyde derivatives over the surface of the mesoporous silica catalyst. FT‐IR spectroscopy studies of the reaction products indicated the formation of the substituted imidazoles as the major compounds and therefore, suitability of the catalyst for this organic synthesis. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaInN/GaN p‐i‐n light‐emitting solar cells
Authors: Fujiyama Y. , Kuwahara Y. , Iwaya M. , Kamiyama S. , Amano H. , Akasaki I.
Published: August 2010

GaInN/GaN p‐i‐n double‐heterojunction structures were grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy on c‐plane sapphire substrates, and light‐emitting solar cells with different GaInN active layer thicknesses were fabricated. The thickness of the GaInN active layer was varied from 100 to 400 nm, while the thickness of both n‐type and p‐type GaN layers was kept constant. A semitransparent ohmic contact to p‐type GaN was formed by electron‐beam evaporation of Ni/Au (5 nm/5 nm). The film thickness of p‐GaN was 50 nm. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the device with a 400 nm GaInN layer exceeded 60% at a wavelength of approximately 380 nm. The transparency of the Ni/Au electrode was 68%. Therefore, the internal quantum efficiency of this device exceeded 95%. Note that this device emitted green light when a forward voltage was applied. The electroluminescence peak wavelength was approximately 525 nm, which was much longer than the EQE peak wavelength. The origin of this large emission shift is discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust adaptive control for greenhouse climate using neural networks
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Shi Peng , Liu Fei
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a general framework for robust adaptive neural network (NN)‐based feedback linearization controller design for greenhouse climate system. The controller is based on the well‐known feedback linearization, combined with radial basis functions NNs, which allows the feedback linearization technique to be used in an adaptive way. In addition, a robust sliding mode control is incorporated to deal with the bounded disturbances and the approximation errors of NNs. As a result, an inherently nonlinear robust adaptive control law is obtained, which not only provides fast and accurate tracking of varying set‐points, but also guarantees asymptotic tracking even if there are inherent approximation errors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A chaos‐based encryption technique to protect ECG packets for time critical telecardiology applications
Authors: Sufi F. , Han F. , Khalil I. , Hu J.
Published: August 2010

Electrocardiography (ECG) signal is popularly used for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, in recent times ECG is being used for identifying person. As ECG signals contain sensitive private health information along with details for person identification, it needs to be encrypted before transmission through public media. Moreover, this encryption must be applied with minimal delay for authenticating CVD patients, as time is critical for saving CVD affected patient's life. Within this paper, we propose the usage of multi‐scroll chaos to encrypt ECG packets. ECG packets are being encrypted by the mobile phones using the chaos key by patients' subscribed in tele‐cardiology applications. On the other hand, doctors and hospital attendants receive the encrypted ECG packets, which can be decrypted using the same chaos key. Using the techniques described in this paper, end‐to‐end security can be applied to wireless tele‐cardiology application, with minimal processing. Our experimentation with 12 ECG segments shows that with multi‐scroll chaos implementation, CVD patients remain completely unidentified, upholding patients' privacy and preventing spoof attacks. Most importantly, the proposed method is 18 times faster than permutation‐based ECG encoding, 25 times faster than wavelet‐based ECG annonymization techniques and 31 times faster than noise‐based ECG obfuscation techniques, establishing the proposed technique as the fastest ECG encryption system according to the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the impact of carryover effects on the variances of estimators of treatment differences in crossover designs
Authors: Ozan M. Ozgu , Stufken John
Published: August 2010

Different models that include carryover effects have been studied in the optimal design literature. It has been suggested that the use of these models results in increased variances of estimated contrasts of the direct treatment effects, leading to inferior estimators in terms of precision. Under a number of models and selected designs, we present variance expressions for the pairwise differences of direct treatment effects and observe that adjusting for carryover effects need not affect the precision of estimators negatively. We investigate the existence of designs that produce estimators with relatively small variances under all models considered. We conclude that even if a model is not correct, it can still be useful in increasing the precision of estimators for treatment contrasts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interval estimation for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve when data are subject to error
Authors: Li Yanhong , Koval John J. , Donner Allan , Zou G. Y.
Published: August 2010

The area (A) under the receiver operating characteristic curve is commonly used to quantify the ability of a biomarker to correctly classify individuals into two populations. However, many markers are subject to measurement error, which must be accounted for to prevent understating their effectiveness. In this paper, we develop a new confidence interval procedure forAwhich is adjusted for measurement error using either external or internal replicated measurements. Based on the observation thatAis a function of normal means and variances, we develop the procedure by recovering variance estimates needed from confidence limits for normal means and variances. Simulation results show that the procedure performs better than the previous ones based on the delta‐method in terms of coverage percentage, balance of tail errors and interval width. Two examples are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Past, present and future of newborn screening in Chile
Authors: Cornejo V. , Raimann E. , Cabello J. F. , Valiente A. , Becerra C. , Opazo M. , Colombo M.
Published: August 2010

The history of the Newborn Screening Program in Chile begins in 1984, when a pilot plan was developed that demonstrated the feasibility of its implementation. In 1992, the Ministry of Health started a national newborn screening program for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and in 1998, this was extended to the entire country. Throughout this period, a total of 2,478,123 newborns (NB) have been analyzed, obtaining initial coverage of 48.8%, which was later increased to 87.7%, and at present it is at 98.7% of all NB of our country. During this period, 131 cases with PKU have been diagnosed, resulting in an incidence of 1:18,916 NB, an average age of diagnosis of 18 ± 10.2 days and average phenylalanine level of 19,9 ± 8.8 mg/dl. In relation to CH, 783 cases have been confirmed, arriving at an incidence of 1:3,163 NB, with average age of diagnosis of 12.5 ± 6.9 days. Due to the good results of the program, the government is evaluating the initiation of an extended pilot program, to introduce other pathologies.
Focal splenic lesions in type I Gaucher disease are associated with poor platelet and splenic response to macrophage‐targeted enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Stein Philip , Malhotra Advitya , Haims Andrew , Pastores Gregory M. , Mistry Pramod K.
Published: August 2010

Focal splenic lesions (FSL) occur in Gaucher disease type I (GD1), but their clinical significance is not known. Previous studies estimated the prevalence of FSL at 4% (pediatric) to 33% (adult) of GD1 patients and reported an association with splenomegaly. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of FSL is associated with suboptimal response to macrophage‐directed enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Additionally we investigated whether FSL were associated with other phenotypic features of GD1. The splenic parenchyma was assessed by MRI performed for routine evaluation of GD1 in 239 consecutive GD1 patients with intact spleens. The prevalence of FSL was 18.4% (44/239). Following a mean of 3.5 years of ERT, platelet response was inferior among patients with FSL (80,700 ± 9,600 to 90,100 ± 7,200/mm3 , P = 0.2) compared to patients without FSL in whom there was a robust platelet response: 108,600 ± 5,670 to 150,200 ± 6,710/mm3, P < 0.001. Compared to patients without FSL, patients harboring FSL had worse thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 83,700 ± 8,800 vs. 112,100 ± 4,200/mm3, P = 0.004), greater frequency of pre‐ERT splenomegaly, and greater post‐ERT splenomegaly (8.5 ± 0.77 vs. 4.8 ± 0.25× normal, P < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of osteonecrosis was higher among patients with FSL compared to patients without FSL (38 vs. 20.7%, P = 0.026). FSL appear to be a determinant of response to ERT, suggesting studies comparing relative efficacy of newly emerging therapies for GD1 should adjust for this factor. Moreover, occurrences of FSL coincide with more severe manifestations of GD1 such as avascular osteonecrosis.
Changes of Total Tocopherol and Tocopherol Species During Sunflower Oil Processing
Authors: Naz Saba , Sherazi S. T. H. , Talpur Farah N.
Published: August 2010

The changes of total and individual tocopherols were investigated during different sunflower oil processing stages by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the levels of total and individual tocopherol content were decreased during the neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization processes. The overall loss of total tocopherols during these stages was found to be 37.9%, although the general reduction trend of delta (δ), gamma (γ), and alpha (α) tocopherols is very similar during neutralization (35.3%), bleaching (38.3%), and deodorization (37.8%). However, in contrast to the neutralizing and deodorizing stages, the bleaching process caused relatively less reduction for individual tocopherol contents. Deodorizer distillates were also analyzed and were found to be rich with tocopherols content (29,348.24 μg/ml). The results of the study indicated that most parts of the tocopherols are wasted during processing. Therefore, the proper concentration of nutritionists, industrialists, and manufacturers is needed for the necessary improvements in processing technology to avoid the major loss of tocopherols and to increase the shelf life, as well as the nutritive value of processed oil.