bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical Relations Among Precipitation, Atmospheric Moisture and Cloud Parameters in the Arctic Atmosphere
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y.
Published: January 2024

Observations collected during cold season precipitation periods at Utquagvik, Alaska and at the mul-tidisciplinary drifting observatory for study of Arctic climate (MOSAiC) are used to statistically ana-lyze relations among the atmospheric water cycle parameters including the columnar supercooled liq-uid and ice amounts (expressed as liquid water and ice water paths, i.e., LWP and IWP), the integrated water vapor (IWV) and the near-surface snowfall rate. Data come from radar and radiometer-based retrievals and from optical precipitation sensors. While correlation between snowfall rate and LWP is rather weak, correlations coefficients between radar-derived snowfall rate and IWP are high (~ 0.8), which is explained, in part, by generally low LWP/IWP ratios during significant precipitation. Corre-lation coefficients between snowfall rate and IWV are moderate (~0.45). Correlations are generally weaker if snowfall is estimated by optical sensors, which is, in part, due to blowing snow. Correlation coefficients between near-surface temperature and snowfall rates are low (r<0.3). Results from the Alaska and MOSAiC sites are generally similar. These results are not very sensitive to the amount of time averaging (e.g., 15-minute averaging versus daily averages). Observationally-based relations among the water cycle parameters are informative about atmospheric moisture conversion processes and can be used for model evaluations.
Microstructure and Tensile Performance of Iron-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite Manufactured Using Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Guessasma Sofiane , Belhabib Sofiane
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of a polylactic acid (PLA)-iron (PLI) composite designed to enable magnetic actuation. Tensile specimens of PLI are produced through Fused Filament Fabrication, incorporating diverse printing angles ranging from 0° to 90°, thereby facilitating the creation of a variety of layups.

The microstructure of these 3D-printed composites is analysed using X-ray micro-tomography. Furthermore, the tensile mechanical properties of all composites are evaluated, and the findings are deliberated in relation to the conditions of the printing angle.

Additionally, the fractography of broken specimens is examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The findings indicate that the printing angle plays a significant role in influencing the tensile properties of the 3D-printed PLI composites, particularly in adjusting mechanical anisotropy. Moreover, an optimal layup of 45°/45° is attained, resulting in an enhanced ranking of the tensile performance. These findings related to 3D-printed PLI composites present a cost-efficient option for manufacturing bio-sourced light-adaptive composites through 3D printing, enabling the generation of intricate magnetic actuation performance.
Target-Based 6–5 Fused Ring Heterocyclic Scaffolds Display Broad Antiparasitic Potency In Vitro
Authors: Dize Darline , Tali Mariscal Brice Tchatat , Ngansop Cyrille Armel Njanpa , Keumoe Rodrigue , Madiesse Kemgne Eugenie Aimée , Yamthe Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha , Fokou Patrick Valere Tsouh , Pone Kamdem Boniface , Hata Katsura , Fekam Boyom Fabrice
Published: January 2024

Malaria, leishmaniasis, and African trypanosomiasis are protozoan diseases that constitute a major global health problem, especially in developing countries; however the development of drug resistance coupled with the toxicity of current treatments have hindered their management. The implication of certain enzymes (dihydrofolate reductase, DHFR) or proteins (potassium channels) in the pathogenesis of these protozoan diseases is undeniable. In this study, a series of three DHFR inhibitors (6-5 fused heterocyclic derivatives X, Y and Z) and one K+ channel blocker (E4031) were screened for their inhibitory effect on Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum, and Trypanosoma brucei. Resazurin assay was used to assess antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities of test compounds, whereas the antimalarial activity was appraised through SYBR Green I test. Moreover, cytotoxicity of test compounds was evaluated on Vero, Raw 264.7 and HepG-2 cells using the resazurin-based test, whilst their pharmacokinetic properties were predicted using the online tool pkCSM. As a result, compound Y revealed a selective (selectivity index range: 2.69 - >61.4; Vero, Raw 264.7 and HepG-2 cells) and broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activity against L. donovani promastigotes (IC50: 12.4 µM) and amastigotes (IC50: 4.28 µM), P. falciparum (IC50: 0.028 µM), and T. brucei brucei (IC50: 0.81 µM). In addition, compound X inhibited the growth P. falciparum (IC50: 0.0052 µM) and T. brucei brucei (IC50: 6.49 µM). In silico screening of the active antiprotozoal compounds revealed positive drug-likeness scores as none of Lipinski's rule of five’s criteria was violated by these compounds. However, in-depth pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies are warranted to support discovery of novel antiprotozoal agents against malaria, leishmaniasis, and African trypanosomiasis by repurposing K+ channel blocker and DHFR inhibitors.
Research on the Strength Damage and Permeability Characteristics of Backfill under the Action of Chlorine Salt Erosion and Dry–Wet Cycles
Authors: LI HAO , WANG HONGJIANG , BAI LONGJIAN
Published: January 2024

Under the dual erosion conditions of the dry-wet cycle, which is caused by the high chloride salt concentrations in mine water and fluctuations in mine water level, cemented paste backfill (CPB) suffers serious damage and deterioration. To discuss the mechanical properties and permeability characteristics of CPB under erosion, this study designs an immersion experiment for CPB under chloride salt and dry-wet cycle conditions. Through a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, the change law for the mechanical parameters of the CPB was explored, strength constitutive equation of the CPB was constructed, and the process of deterioration of the CPB was analyzed. Through the penetration test, the diffusion characteristics of packing under chloride salt and dry-wet cycle conditions were explored. The results demonstrated that the strength and elastic modulus of the CPB first increased and then decreased rapidly, with maximum decrease rates of 32.2% and 38.2%, respectively. The CPB structure presents an initial non-damage stage, initial damage stage, damage development stage, damage destruction, and residual damage stage. The chloride ion penetration depth gradually increased with an increase in the number of dry-wet cycles, with a maximum diffusion depth of 20.5 mm. The maximum apparent diffusion coefficient of chloride ion was 18.99×10-10m2/s, and the maximum concentration was 0.303 mol/L. Under the double erosion conditions due to chloride salt and dry-wet cycle, the CPB structure is seriously damaged.
Comparative Antifungal Activity of Commercial Probiotics against Candida albicans – an Invitro Study
Authors: Srinivasan Manthra , Syam Shilpa
Published: January 2024

Background : Probiotics are composed of microorganisms that have positive effects on health when consumed in prescribed quantities. Lately, studies have attempted to establish this role of probiotics in enhancing health. Aim : The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal activity of 3 different probiotics against Candida albicans.Methodology :This was an in-vitro study. 3 types of commercially available probiotics - Bifilac, Pre pro HS and VSL-3 were cultured separately with Candida albicans and were placed under incubation. The maximum zone of inhibition was recorded for each of the probiotic solutions.Results : In this study, it was found that among the three probiotic products, Bifilac exhibited a maximum zone of inhibition of 13mm at concentration of 100µL against C. albicans, while Pre pro HS and VSL-3 showed zone of inhibition of 11mm at concentrations of 50µL and 100µL, respectively.Conclusion : Within the limits of the present study, This study could prove that probiotics can be considered as an alternative and safe treatment option for treatment of Oral candidiasis infections.
Oxidative Stress Reaction to Hypobaric-Hyperoxic Civilian Flight Conditions
Authors: Netzer Nikolaus Christoph , Jaeckel Heidelinde , Popp Roland , Gostner Johanna Maria , Decker Michael John , Eisele Frederik , Turner Rachel , Roveri Giulia , Eckert Stefanie , Netzer Petra Gertrud , Patzelt Carsten , Steurer Christian , Cavalli Marco , Forstner Florian , Pramsohler Stephan
Published: January 2024

Background: In military flight operations fighter pilots work during flights constantly under hyperoxic breathing conditions with supplemental oxygen in varying hypobaric environments. These conditions are suspected to cause oxidative stress to neuronal organ tissues. For civilian flight operations the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also recommends supplemental oxygen for flying under hypobaric conditions equivalent to higher than 3048m altitude and makes it mandatory for conditions equivalent of more than 3657m altitude.
Aim: We hypothesized that hypobaric-hyperoxic civilian commercial and private flight conditions with supplemental oxygen in a flight simulation in a hypobaric chamber at 2500m and 4500m equivalent altitude would cause significant oxidative stress in healthy individuals.
Methods: 12 healthy subjects (6m, 6f, mean age 35,7yrs) from a larger cohort were selected to perform a 3hrs flight simulation in a hypobaric chamber with increasing supplemental oxygen levels (35%,50%,60% and 100% FiO2 via venturi valve equipped face mask) switching back and force between simulated altitudes of 2500m and 4500m. Arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation were constantly measured via radial catheter and blood samples for blood gases taken from the catheter at each altitude and oxygen level. Additional blood samples from the arterial catheter at baseline and 60% oxygen at both different altitudes were centrifuged inside the chamber and the serum frozen instantly at minus 21°Celsius for later analysis of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde low density lipoprotein (M-LDL) and glutathione-peroxidase (GLP) via elisa test.
Results: 11 subjects finished the study without adverse events. Whereas PO2 levels increased in the mean with increasing oxygen levels from baseline 96.2 mmHg to 160.9 mmHg at 2500m altitude and 60% FiO2 and 113.2 mmHg at 4500m altitude and 60% FiO2, there was no significant increase in both oxidative markers from baseline to 60% FiO2 at these simulated altitudes. Some individuals had a slight increase, some not at all or even a slight decrease. A moderate correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0,55) existed between subject age and glutathione peroxidase levels at 60% FiO2 at 4500m altitude.
Conclusion: Supplemental oxygen of 60% FiO2 in a flight simulation comparing to flying in cabin pressure levels equivalent to 2500m-4500m altitude does not lead to a significant increase or decrease in the oxidative stress markers M-LDL and GLP in serum of arterial blood.
Pathogenic Potential of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Aviary Capercaillies and Free-Living Birds in South-Eastern Poland
Authors: Sulikowska Magdalena , Marek Agnieszka , Jarosz Łukasz Sebastian , Pyzik Ewelina , Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara , Hauschild Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence and characteristics of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains in the carcasses of wild birds and aviary capercaillies in south-eastern Poland. Samples from capercaillies and wild birds belonging to 12 orders and 26 species were tested. The resistance of the strains and the presence of selected virulence genes were examined. Similarity analysis of the isolates was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains accounted for 5.7% and belonged to the species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus delphini. Among isolated strains, 15.8% were multidrug resistant. The most frequently detected virulence genes were hla in 58% of isolates and hlb and hld in 47.4% of isolates., The results of multiplex PCR showed the presence of genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins C, B, E, and J, in single isolates. It can be concluded that coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains accounted for a small percentage of staphylococci isolated from free-living birds in the study area. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains in aviary capercaillies suggests that they play a role in the transmission and spread of resistant strains into the environment. Free-living birds may be also a significant reservoir of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains.
SensAA – Design and Verification of a Cloud-based Wearable Biomechanical Data Acquisition System
Authors: David Jonas Paul , Schick David , Rapp Lorenz , Schick Johannes , Glaser Markus
Published: January 2024

Exoskeletons for the purpose of rehabilitation become more and more popular. These devices are often designed for clinical therapy and provide assistance for the user. Exoskeletons for assistive purposes are still subject to research. Hence, only little requirements for the mechanics, actuation or power supply are known for this use-case. One way to specify these requirements is the calculation of expected load collectives during everyday life of the target group. The calculation of these load collectives requires long term gait observation of the subjects. In this paper, we propose a data acquisition system focused on collecting lower limb biomechanical measurements in everyday life. The system is designed to be cost efficient and user-optimized, using off-the-shelf components and a Cloud Server System for centralized data storage.
Application and Parameter Optimization of EKG Electrodes Based on the Wild Horse Optimizer in Horizontal Electric-Field Sludge Dewatering
Authors: Shen Yuyang , Wang Sisi , Yan Chenling , Wang Jiazhuo , Wang Chen , Zhang Chunyang , Kou Yingying , Yuan Donghai
Published: January 2024

This study conducted experiments to optimize the electro-dewatering of sludge using a dynamic model calculation method and the Wild Horse optimizer. Specifically, we explored two factors that might influence dewatering: the composition of the electrode materials and the strength of the electrical field. Compared to other electrodes commonly used in electro-dewatering—such as RuO2/Ir2O3-Ti, graphite, Ir2O3/Ta2O5-Ti, and Ti—the Electro-kinetic Geosynthetics (EKG) electrode exhibited superior performance. This was determined by considering both energy consumption and model establishment. Our findings also identified electric-field strength as a crucial factor determining the final moisture content. As the electrical intensity increased, the dewatering effect improved, aligning with our model calculations. However, we observed a steep increase in energy consumption per kilogram of filtrate when the electric-field strength exceeded a certain threshold. To optimize the energy consumption of the dehydration process, we constructed a multi-factor model. The simulation results from this model confirmed that electric-field intensity is the primary factor affecting dehydration. It was established that 10 V/cm is a critical threshold for the process.
Development of a Consistent Understanding of Energy, Energy Conservation, and Derivation of a Systematic Set of Energy Forms
Authors: Mehling Harald
Published: January 2024

“Energy” is probably the most important term in science and technology. The reason is energy can be converted while it is overall conserved, and thereby correlates changes of a wide variety. Despite its successful use in many areas over more than a century, an analysis of current literature shows that definitions of what energy is and explanations why it is conserved are inconsistent. With regard to energy forms not even a definition was found, and examples given are often wrong. Looking at two interacting objects in the most simple situations, with energy conservation but without conversion, a consistent understanding of energy and its conservation can be derived. Based on it, the systematic set of energy forms with a clear definition of each is then presented.
Hybrid Multi-Infeed Receiver Line Longitudinal Protection Scheme Based on Voltage Waveform Comprehensive Distance Similarity
Authors: Gao Shuping , LI Xiaofang , Song Guobing , ZHENG Han , Duan Yunqing
Published: January 2024

The coupling of AC and DC power will impact the protective actions on the AC side and pose a threat to the stable operation of the interconnection system. Therefore, a new longitudinal protection method is proposed based on the comprehensive distance similarity of voltage waveforms. Initially, the measured voltage and current data are extracted to calculate the reference voltage, and the voltage waveform fitting is optimized. Subsequently, the Euclidean dynamic time warp (DTW) distance and entropy weight method are utilized to process the voltage waveform, enabling the calculation of its comprehensive distance similarity. This similarity is adopted to determine fault location. A hybrid DC multi-feed AC/DC interconnection system, incorporating line commutated converter-voltage source converter (LCC-VSC) and line commutated converter-modular multilevel converter (LCC-MMC), was established in PSCAD, and fault data was simulated and output. The effectiveness of the protection scheme was validated using MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately distinguish between faults inside and outside a region. When compared to existing protection methods, it demonstrates superior performance in resisting transition resistance and noise interference, while also mitigating the impact of data asynchronicity. The speed and reliability of the method are further enhanced.
iPSCs and Organoids in Advancing Neuropathology Research and Therapies
Authors: Pazzin Douglas Bottega , Previato Thales , Budelon Gonçalves João Ismael , Zanirati Gabriele , Xavier Fernando Costa , Da Costa Jaderson C , Marinowic Daniel Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

This review explores the transformative role of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and organoids in advancing neuropathology research. Focused on Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury, iPSCs offer patient-specific disease modeling with regenerative therapy potential. The versatility of iPSCs, their ability to differentiate into the main neuronal cell types, and their integration into three-dimensional organoid models enable the recreation of complex tissues in vitro. Improvement of organoid and iPSCs generation protocols and the selection of appropriate donor cell types are highlighted as crucial steps toward the application of these new technologies to overcome tumorigenic potential and other challenges. iPSCs demonstrate promise in regenerative therapies, as evidenced by successful applications in animal models.
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induce Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow via Activation of Jnk Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lee Hyun Ju , Oh Joo Youn
Published: January 2024

Our previous study demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) induced the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) under inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we aimed to explore the signaling pathway in BM cells responsible for MDSC generation. RNA-seq revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, among biochemical pathways, exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes in BM cells with MSC coculture relative to those without. Western blot confirmed strong phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in BM cells cocultured with MSCs under GM-CSF stimulation, whereas p38 kinase activation remained unaltered by MSCs. Inhibition of JNK by SP600125 significantly abolished the expression of Arg1 and Nos2, the hallmark genes of MDSCs, as well as Hif1α, a molecule mediating monocyte functional re-programming into suppressive phenotype, in MSC-cocultured BM cells, while increasing TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharides stimulation. Furthermore, JNK inhibition markedly abrogated the effect of MSCs on the production of TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and IL-10 in BM cells. These results suggest that MSCs induce MDSC differentiation in BM during inflammation, at least in part, through the activation of the JNK MAPK signaling pathway.
Conceptual Development of a Gamified Application for Interactive Learning with an Artificial Intelligence Mentor
Authors: Pavić Tea , Skala Tibor , Maričević Marko
Published: January 2024

This research explores the transformation of learning methodologies from traditional to modern approaches, focusing on the development of a gamified educational application with an Artificial Intelligence (AI) mentor for secondary school graduates preparing for Croatian state graduation exams. Traditionally, education has been marked by a passive student role and teacher-centric transmission of knowledge. In contrast, modern learning tools, such as gamified applications, introduce interactive and engaging elements. The purpose of this study is to identify user-centric learning approaches through a comprehensive survey of graduating students, assessing their readiness for exams, learning styles, and preferences. The research explores issues such as financial burdens on parents for preparatory courses and copyright concerns with external educational materials. In summary, the learning application should prioritise sustained knowledge retention, motivation, and stress reduction, offering an alternative to external preparatory courses. Conclusions underscore the importance of fostering an engaging learning environment, incorporating teacher-like elements, and aligning with user expectations. As digital technology positively impacts the learning experience, understanding user preferences is crucial in designing educational apps that cater to learners' needs. The study provides insights for developing a gamified learning application that not only prepares students for exams but also enhances long-term knowledge acquisition and engagement.
Energy Levels and Transition Data of Cs VI
Authors: K Haris , Husain Abid , Ahmad Tauheed
Published: January 2024

Previously reported atomic data (spectral lines, wavelengths, energy levels, and transition probabilities) have been collected and systematically analyzed for the Cs VI. The present theoretical analysis is supported by extensive calculations made for Cs VI with a pseudo-relativistic Hartree--Fock (HFR) method together with the superposition of configuration interactions implemented in Cowan's codes. In this critical evaluation, we provided several possibly observable lines with Ritz-wavelengths, computed from the optimized energy levels, and theoretical transition probabilities with their estimated uncertainties. In addition, we provided the radiative transition parameters for several forbidden lines within the ground configuration $5s^25p^2$ of Cs VI.
On the Dual Ontological Structure and Mixed Dynamics of the Universe
Authors: Kahan Dennis
Published: January 2024

Ontological premises have profound theoretical implications. This analysis posits a single, universal structure composed of two ontic entities: discrete, quantized units of space ("Planck Spheres") and a State of Absolute Nothingness (the "SOAN"). Planck Spheres and the SOAN form a physical, ultra-high (3 x N) dimensional space ("Planck Space") and a discrete 3D space (or "4D spacetime"). Together, Planck Space and 4D spacetime form a tightly integrated ((3 x N) + 3) hyperspace (the "Dual Ontology"). Critically, a one-to-one mapping and identity exists between the Planck Spheres comprising 4D spacetime and Planck Space. The Dual Ontology conjecture supports radically simplified physical explanations for three distinct areas of theoretical physics: First, the conjecture reconciles fundamental issues in Special Relativity and quantum mechanics by explaining why single and N-body quantum states (a) dynamically evolve in 4D spacetime subject to the speed of light and (b) instantaneously collapse in a physical Planck Space that is not subject to Special Relativity. Second, the temporal and physical asymmetry between the dynamic evolution of quantum states in 4D spacetime subject to Special Relativity and the instantaneous collapse of quantum states in a Planck Space where Special Relativity is inapplicable explains quantum path irreversibility and the arrow of time. Third, at or near the heat death of 4D spacetime, the instantaneous collapse of the energy content of Planck Space and the simultaneous transition of 4D spacetime's extremely widely dispersed energy content to a non-singular, generally localized volume at t = 0 explains 4D spacetime's isotropy, homogeneity, extremely high energy, pressure, and temperature, flatness, and low gravitational entropy. It also explains the horizon and fine-tuning problems.
A New Approach for Bioremediation of Olive Mill Wastewaters: Combi-Nation of Straw Filtration and Nanofiltration
Authors: Chidichimo Francesco , Basile Maria Rita , Conidi Carmela , De Filpo Giovanni , Morelli Rosanna , Cassano Alfredo
Published: January 2024

A combination of straw filtration and nanofiltration was investigated for the first time as a sus-tainable approach aimed at valorizing olive mills wastewaters (OMWs) within a circular economy strategy. Ground straw filters with different granulometry (120, 250 and 500 m) were tested in the first step to clarify the raw wastewater. The 500m filter offered the best performance due to a lower exposed surface of the filtering fibers and a shorter filtering time allowing to reduce about 70% of the COD of the raw wastewater. Three different commercial membranes in flat-sheet con-figuration with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range 150-500 Da were tested to frac-tionate the clarified wastewater according to a dead-end configuration. Among the investigated membranes the NFA-12A membrane exhibited the highest productivity in selected operating conditions (steady-state values of 11.4 L/m2h at 20 bar and 24 ± 2 °C). In addition, flux decays for this membrane resulted lower than the other two tested membranes indicating a lower propensity to fouling phenomena. Higher rejections towards total polyphenols and TAA (76.6% and 73.2%, respectively) were also observed for this membrane. Flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids were retained for more than 99%. The combination of straw filtration and NF with NFA-12A membrane allowed to reduce the COD of raw OMWs up to 97.6%. The retentate fraction of this membrane exhibited a TAA of 18.9 ± 0.7 mM Trolox supporting its propensity for the development of inno-vative formulations of interest in food and nutraceutical applications.
Revisiting the Importance of Orthobunyaviruses for Animal Health: A Scoping Review of Livestock Disease, Diagnostic Tests, and Surveillance Strategies for the Simbu Serogroup
Authors: O'Connor Tiffany W. , Hick Paul M. , Finlaison Deborah S. , Kirkland Peter D. , Toribio Jenny-Ann L.M.L.
Published: January 2024

Orthobunyaviruses (order Bunyavirales, family Peribunyaviridae) in the Simbu serogroup have been responsible for widespread epidemics of congenital disease in ruminants. Australia has a national program to monitor arboviruses of veterinary importance. While monitoring for Akabane virus, a novel orthobunyavirus was detected. To inform the priority that should be given to this detection, a scoping review was undertaken to 1) Characterise the associated disease presentations and establish which of the Simbu group viruses are of veterinary importance; 2) Examine the diagnostic assays that have undergone development and validation for this group of viruses, and 3) Describe the methods used to monitor the distribution of these viruses. Two search strategies identified 224 peer-reviewed publications for 33 viruses in the serogroup. Viruses in this group may cause severe animal health impacts, but only those phylogenetically arranged in clade B are associated with animal disease. Six viruses (Akabane, Schmallenberg, Aino, Shuni, Peaton, and Shamonda) were associated with congenital malformations, neurological signs, and reproductive disease. Diagnostic test interpretation is complicated by cross-reactivity, the timing of foetal immunocompetence and sample type. Serological testing in surveys remains a mainstay of the methods used to monitor the distribution of SGVs. Due to significant differences in survey designs, only broad mean seroprevalence estimates could be provided. Further research is required to characterise the SGV detected and determine the disease risk posed by novel orthobunyaviruses and how they could challenge current diagnostic and surveillance capabilities.
Antibiotic Therapy for Active Crohn’s Disease Targeting Pathogens: An Overview and Update
Authors: Iaquinto Gaetano , Mazzarella Giuseppe , Sellitto Carmine , Lucariello Angela , Melina Raffaele , Iaquinto Salvatore , De Luca Antonio , Rotondi Aufiero Vera
Published: January 2024

: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial chronic disorder that involves a combination of factors as genetic, immune response and gut microbiota. Actually, the therapy comprises salicylates, immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, biologic drugs. International guidelines don’t recommend the use of antibiotics except for septic complications of CD patients. The increased evidence of the implication of gut bacteria in this chronic disease support the rationale for using antibiotics as primary treatment of active CD. In the last decades several pathogens have been reported to be involved in the development of CD, but only Escherichia coli (E.coli) species and Mycobacterium avium paratubercolosis (MAP), aroused the interest due to their strong association with CD pathogenesis. Several meta-analyses have been published concerning antibiotic treatment in CD patients but randomized trials of antibiotic treatments against E.coli and MAP did not show prolonged benefits, and only generated conflicting results so much so that several questions are still unresolved regarding trial design, antibiotic dosing, the formulation used, the treatment course and the outcome measures. In this article we attempted to provide an overview and update of the trials on antibiotic treatment in active CD patients taking into account the role of pathogens, the mechanism by which the different antibiotics act on harmful pathogens, and antibiotic resistance. Finally, we also tried to draw new lines for future studies to use antibiotics to treat active CD patients
A Thermal Regime and a Water Circulation in a Very Deep Lake: Lake Tazawa, Japan
Authors: Chikita Kazuhisa Augustine , Oyagi Hideo , Amita Kazuhiro
Published: January 2024

A thermal system in very deep Lake Tazawa (maximum depth, 423 m) was investigated by estimating the heat budget. In the heat budget estimate, the net heat input at lake surface and the heat input by river inflow and groundwater inflow were considered. Then, the heat loss by snowfall onto lake surface was taken into account. Meanwhile, lake water temperature was monitored at 0.2 m to the bottom by mooring temperature loggers for more than two years. The heat storage change of the lake from the loggers was calibrated by frequent vertical measurements of water temperature at every 0.1 m pitch by a profiler with high accuracy (± 0.01 °C). The heat storage change (W/m2) obtained by the temperature loggers reasonably accords to that from the heat budget estimate. In the heat budget, the net heat input at lake surface dominates the heat storage change, but the significant heat loss by river inflow sporadically occurred, which is caused by the relatively large discharge from a reservoir in the upper region. How deep the vertical water circulation in the lake occurs in winter was judged by the differences between water temperatures at 0.2 m depth and bottom and between vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen over winter. It is strongly suggested that the whole water circulation does not occur every winter, if any, very weak.
Kisah Kami Nge-weekend di Desa Kragan
Authors: Junaedi Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah S.W.T yang telah menganugerahkan rahmat serta hidayah-Nya sehingga penyusunan Laporan Akhir Tim Pengabdian masyarakatini dapat terselesaikan. Shalawat serta salam senantiasa tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah menuntun kitamenuju jalan yang di ridho’i Allah SWT. Program Pengabdian masyarakatmerupakan pelaksanaan Catur Dharma Perguruan Tinggi Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Dengan mengambil topik (tema) “Pengembangan Desa Delta Mandiri Berkemajuan Dengan Pendekatan Sosio Kultural dan Teknologi Berkelanjutan” yang bertempat di Desa Kragan Kecamatan Gedangan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Pelaksanaan Program pengabdian masyarakatdimulai dari tanggal 01 Agustus 2019 s/d 6 Oktober 2019.
A Comparative Study of Intrathecal 0.5% Bupivacaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine with Fentanyl in Patients Undergoing
Authors:   MD, Department of Anaesthesiology, B.L.D.E. (deemed to be university), Shri.B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Vijayapura 586103, Karnataka, India., Tasneem Abroo Nafasat , T.K Vijaykumar ,   Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, B.L.D.E. (deemed to be university), Shri.B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research centre, Vijayapura 586103, Karnataka, India.
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to compare the effects of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% alone versus hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% + fentanyl 25mcg in spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing LSCS. Objective: A prospective randomised comparative study, conducted to compare the onset and duration of analgesia and hemodynamic changes, side effects like nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, shivering, pruritis, etc. if any. Method: After institutional committee approval and obtaining written informed consent. 64 patients posted for LSCS were randomly divided into two groups with 32 patients in each group. All patients were examined before the surgery and thoroughly investigated as per institution protocol and counselled about the anaesthesia and procedure. Patients were instructed to fast for 6-8 hours before surgery. Baseline blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation were recorded. Lumbar subarachnoid block was performed. After confirming free flow of CSF the drug was injected. Features assessed :The time of onset of sensory analgesia at T10 segment, maximum level of analgesia, degree of motor blockade, duration of effective analgesia, hemodynamic parameters and complications. Results: Addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine can be safely administered in patients undergoing caesarean section without significant hemodynamic changes and adverse effects. It markedly improves intraoperative anaesthesia and significantly reduces need for postoperative analgesia. Total duration of analgesia with bupivacaine alone was 176.6 +/-31.9 mins versus 276.7+/- 31.4 mins with added fentanyl. Conclusion: The addition of 25 micro gram of fentanyl to 2ml (10mg) of hyperbaric bupivacaine intensified and prolonged the duration of bupivacaine induced sensory block without affecting motor blockade.
Comparative Study between Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway and Macintosh Laryngoscope in Patients with Simulated Cervical Spine Injury
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, SCTISMT, (Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute) Trivandrum 695011, Kerala,, Nagarjuna Panidapu , Sen Barsha ,   Senior Resident, Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, Amrita Institute of medical sciences, Kerala 682041,, Parasa Mrunalini ,   Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, NRI Medical College & GH, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522003, India.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this prospective randomized study is to compare intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) with Macintosh laryngoscope (ML) in patients with simulated cervical spine injury, to compare the hemodynamic variables and to see any complications associated with their use in the peri-operative period. Methods: We selected 60 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients posted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia. These patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each: Group ML was intubated using Macintosh laryngoscope and Group ILMA was intubated using ILMA. Baseline hemodynamic parameters (BP, HR), 3 min and 5 min post intubation readings and number of attempts taken for successful intubation were recorded. Results: The mean duration of intubation was more in Group ILMA (28.93 +/-8.98 seconds in Group ML vs 74.83 +/-16.03 seconds in Group ILMA) with a P value of <0.01. The rise in hemodynamic parameters was comparatively higher in Group ILMA than in Group ML but it was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Macintosh laryngoscope is a faster method to secure tracheal intubation than Intubating Laryngeal Mask in patients with cervical collar. The success rate of intubation through Intubating Laryngeal Mask is similar to that of Macintosh laryngoscope.
Impact of Ultrasonography on Choice of General Anesthesia and Regional Anesthesia in Adult & Pediatric Upper Limb Surgeries
Authors:   Graded Specialist, Department of anaesthesiology, Military Hospital Secunderabad 500015, Telangana, India., Sai Charan Sateesh Kopparapu , Sinha D K ,   Senior Adviser, Department of anaesthesiology, Military Hospital Secunderabad 500015, Telangana, India.
Published: January 2024

Brachial plexus is a complex bundle of nerves, extending from the neck to the axilla, which supplies both motor and sensory fibres to the upper extremity. So clear understanding of anatomy and distribution of nerves is effective for regional anaesthesia. The introduction of ultrasound guidance techniques not only reduces the possible risk of pneumothorax but also allows a faster onset time of the block, with a reduction of the volume of local anaesthetic mixture,that has to be injected for a successful peripheral nerve blocks Also detects vascular structures and pleura, needle tip control, and monitoring of distribution of local anaesthetic (LA). After obtaining the approval of institutional ethical committee of hospital, a retrospective review of anaesthesia register from January 2015 until January 2020 (60 months) was done. All the adult patients who underwent upper limb surgeries underwent peripheral nerve stimulator guided injections for supraclavicular brachial block and paediatric patients under axillary block by landmark technique from January 2015 to July 2017, will be allocated to PreUS group and after availability of portable ultrasonography as Post-US with ultrasonography being available since July 2017 and outcome will be recorded. As it is a retrospective study, all possible data will be included and analysed. As it is a retrospective study, nothing could be excluded.So comparision for 30 months of pre ultrasound and 30 months of post ultrasound period. Conclusions: In adults ultra sound increased 26 % rise in no of surgeries under regional anaesthesia which is quite significant.The reduction in mean effective volume(MEV) in adults was about 51% by the application of ultrasound. In children, there was a definitive rise of 60 % increase in no of cases under Axillary approach of brachial block and 43% reduction in the mean effective volume(MEV).
Awake Retrograde Submental Intubation in a Patient with Pleomorphic Adenoma of Palate
Authors:   Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Mamata Medical College, Khammam 507002, Telangana, India., Kiran kumar S , Vaishnavi VNV ,   Post Graduate,  Department of Anesthesiology, Mamata Medical College, Khammam 507002, Telangana, India., Yugandhar K ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Mamata Medical College, Khammam 507002, Telangana, India.
Published: January 2024

Retrograde intubation is one of many techniques that can be used in those cases where oral or nasal tracheal intubation may be extremely difficult or impossible. Retrograde intubation is a reliable and easily learned technique that offers an alternative to more invasive surgical solutions for securing the airway. Submental intubation provides intraoperative airway control, avoids use of oral and nasal route, with minimal complications. Submental intubation is an acceptable option, especially when long-term post-operative ventilation is not planned. We hereby report a case of a 55-year-old woman with a recurrent history of a pleomorphic adenoma of palate which required tumour excision under General Anaesthesia for which Awake Retrograde Submental Intubation was done.
Comparative Study of Isobaric Levobupivacaine Alone and Isobaric Levobupivacaine with Fentanyl for Spinal Anaesthesia in Lower Abdominal Surgeries
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka 583104, India., M H Chandana , Raghvendra P G ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584102, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Levobupivacaine 0.5% and racemic bupivacaine 0.5% are equally effective in spinal anaesthesia with less systemic toxicity seen with levobupivacaine. Fentanyl has been used as an adjunct to racemic bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia. This study was designed to study on the intrathecal use of 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl in elective lower abdominal surgeries. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled double blind study was conducted in100 patients of ASA I and II physical status posted for elective lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block, randomized into 2 groups with 50 patients each, received either 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine (group L) or 2.8 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl 10 µg in 0.2 mL (group F). Hemodynamic parameters, time for onset of sensory and motor blockade, maximum height of sensory block and total duration of sensory and motor blockade were recorded. Intraoperative or postoperative side effects werenoted. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the haemodynamic changes, and quality of sensory and motor block. Anaesthesia was adequate and patient satisfaction was good in all cases. Sideeffects were minor and infrequent with both regimes. Conclusions: We conclude that,in terms of efficacy, 2.8 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl 10µg is comparable to 3 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine alone in spinal anaesthesia for lower abdominal surgeries. Further studies may be directed to find the optimal combination of levobupivacaine and opioid for spinal anaesthesia. Keywords: Levobupivacaine; Analgesics; Opioid; Fentanyl; Anesthetic techniques; Anaesthesia; Spinal.
Efficacy of Two Different Doses of Inj Labetalol Hydrochloride for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Controlled Hypertensive Patients: Prospective Randomized Double Blind Comparative Study
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat 390001, India., Tejas Modi Komal , Prajapati Vishal ,   Senior Resident, Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat 390001, India., Patel Khushbu ,   Ex Senior Resident, Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat 390001, India.
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: The hemodynamic changes stemming from direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation represent sympathoadrenal response, which is more exaggerated in hypertensive patients. Present study was done with an aim to compare the efficacy of two different doses of Labetalol Hydrochloride in attenuation of hemodynamic response [Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in controlled hypertensive patient and to document the side effects of the drug. Material and Method: This is prospective randomized double blind comparative study. Sixty ASA grade II controlled hypertensive patients of either sex, comprising age group of 30-65 years, undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia were randomly distributed in two equal groups. Inj Labetalol Hydrochloride 0.15 mg/kg in the group L0.15.so. and Inj Labetalol Hydrochloride 0.30 mg/kg in the group L0.30.so. respectively were given intravenously 5 min prior to intubation. HR, SBP and DBP were recorded at different time intervals before and after intubation. Results: There was statistically significant difference in SBP and DBP between both the group at 3,5,7,10 and 15 minute. At 5 min and 7 min post intubation, there was significant difference in HR between the group L0.15 and L0.30.so. Conclusion: Both doses of labetalol attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in dose dependent manner. Keyword: Labetalol; Hemodynamic response; Laryngoscopy; Tracheal intubation.
A Comparative Study of Cormack Lehane Grading by Macintosh, McCoy and Video Laryngoscope in Patients with Predicted Normal Airway
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India., Gupta Seema , Singh Raghuwanshi Veerendra ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India., Agarwal Akanksha ,   Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India., Chavan G N ,   Professor and Head, Department of Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru medical college, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra 442005, India.
Published: January 2024

Background: The conventional Macintosh laryngoscope is used most commonly due to its familiarity and ease of use. Newer devices like video laryngoscope are also being commonly now-a-days. Hence a comparative study of the 3 commonly used laryngoscopes has been done. Aims & Objectives: To compare direct laryngoscope view of the different laryngoscope blades & to find out the most suitable laryngoscope in patients with predicted normal airway. Methodology: 150 ASA grade I-II patients with 50 patients in each group were taken. Their stress response, CML grading & intubation time were compared. Results: Stress response was least & CML grading was best, however the time taken to intubate was maximum (P<.001) with Video-laryngoscope as compared to McCoy & Macintosh. Conclusion: Video-Laryngoscope provides better visualization of glottic opening as compared to Macintosh and McCoy with less stress response but being a newer device needs more expertise to intubate the patient. Keywords: Video-laryngoscope; Macintosh laryngoscope; CML; Tracheal intubation.