bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea: a cluster analysis based on sleep perception and sleep quality
Authors: Wei Huasheng , Zhu Jie , Lei Fei , Luo Lian , Zhang Ye , Ren Rong , Li Taomei , Tan Lu , Tang Xiangdong
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To determine obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) phenotypes using cluster analysis including variables of sleep perception and sleep quality and to further explore factors correlated with poor sleep quality in different clusters.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with OSA undergoing polysomnography (PSG) between December 2020 and April 2022. Two-step cluster analysis was performed to detect distinct clusters using sleep perception variables including discrepancy in total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO); objective TST, SOL, and WASO; and sleep quality. One-way analysis of variance or chi-squared tests were used to compare clinical and PSG characteristics between clusters. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore factors correlated with poor sleep quality.

Results

A total of 1118 patients were included (81.6% men) with mean age ± SD 43.3 ± 13.1 years, Epworth sleepiness score, 5.7 ± 4.4, and insomnia severity index 3.0 ± 2.4. Five distinct OSA clusters were identified: cluster 1 (n = 254), underestimated TST; cluster 2 (n = 158), overestimated TST; cluster 3 (n = 169), overestimated SOL; cluster 4 (n = 155), normal sleep discrepancy and poor sleep quality; and cluster 5 (n = 382), normal sleep discrepancy and good sleep quality. Patients in cluster 2 were older, more commonly had hypertension, and had the lowest apnea–hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index. Age and sleep efficiency were correlated with poor sleep quality in clusters 1, 2, and 5, and also AHI in cluster 2.

Conclusion

Subgroups of patients with OSA have different patterns of sleep perception and quality that may help us to further understand the characteristics of sleep perception in OSA and provide clues for personalized treatment.
Remission of insomnia in older adults treated with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) reduces p16INK4a gene expression in peripheral blood: secondary outcome analysis from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Carroll Judith E. , Olmstead Richard , Cole Steve W. , Breen Elizabeth C. , Arevalo Jesusa M. , Irwin Michael R.
Published: February 2023

Late life insomnia may increase risk for accelerated biological aging. Intervening to treat insomnia may provide protection from biological aging by reducing the prevalence of senescent cells in the immune system, as indicated by gene expression of a marker of cellular senescence, p16INK4a. In the present study, we determine whether treatment of insomnia in older adults with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) would reduce p16INK4a gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), compared to a sleep education therapy (SET), an active comparator condition. Secondly, we investigate the relationship between sustained insomnia remission and reduced expression of p16INK4a. Participants 60 + years old with insomnia were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial and assigned to CBT-I or SET. Analyses of 231 older adults (CBT-I = 119; SET = 112) examine baseline, post (2 months), and 24 months gene expression of p16INK4a. Compared to baseline, expression of p16INK4a increased in the SET group over 24 months (P = 0.03), but showed no change in the CBT-I group. Those who received CBT-I and experienced sustained remission of insomnia had a significant decline in p16INK4a expression by 24 months compared to baseline (P = 0.02). Individuals not sustaining remission of insomnia exhibited overall increase expression of p16INK4a by 24 months (P = 0.03). In older adults with insomnia, p16INK4a increases over 24 months, while CBT-I treatment of insomnia mitigates the increase in p16INK4a. Further, sustained remission of insomnia using CBT-I leads to a decrease in p16INK4a. These results suggest that behavioral interventions that are effective at treating insomnia might reduce the population of senescent cells in circulating blood.
A Rigidity Result for the Robin Torsion Problem
Authors: Masiello Alba Lia , Paoli Gloria
Published: February 2023

Let$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$Ω⊂R2be an open, bounded and Lipschitz set. We consider the torsion problem for the Laplace operator associated to$$\Omega $$Ωwith Robin boundary conditions. In this setting, we study the equality case in the Talenti-type comparison, proved in Alvino et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 76:585–603, 2023).. We prove that the equality is achieved only if$$\Omega $$Ωis a disk and the torsion functionuis radial.
On the Curvature of the Bismut Connection: Bismut–Yamabe Problem and Calabi–Yau with Torsion Metrics
Authors: Barbaro Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

We study two natural problems concerning the scalar and the Ricci curvatures of the Bismut connection. Firstly, we study an analog of the Yamabe problem for Hermitian manifolds related to the Bismut scalar curvature, proving that, fixed a conformal Hermitian structure on a compact complex manifold, there exists a metric with constant Bismut scalar curvature in that class when the expected constant scalar curvature is non-negative. A similar result is given in the general case of Gauduchon connections. We then study an Einstein-type condition for the Bismut Ricci curvature tensor on principal bundles over Hermitian manifolds with complex tori as fibers. Thanks to this analysis, we construct explicit examples of Calabi–Yau with torsion Hermitian structures and prove a uniqueness result for them.
Exotic Calderón–Zygmund Operators
Authors: Hytönen Tuomas , Li Kangwei , Martikainen Henri , Vuorinen Emil
Published: February 2023

We study singular integral operators with kernels that are more singular than standard Calderón–Zygmund kernels, but less singular than bi-parameter product Calderón–Zygmund kernels. These kernels arise as restrictions to two dimensions of certain three-dimensional kernels adapted to so-called Zygmund dilations, which is part of our motivation for studying these objects. We make the case that such kernels can, in many ways, be seen as part of the extended realm of standard kernels by proving that they satisfy both aT1 theorem and commutator estimates in a form reminiscent of the corresponding results for standard Calderón–Zygmund kernels. However, we show that one-parameter weighted estimates, in general, fail.
Translating Solitons Over Cartan–Hadamard Manifolds
Authors: Casteras Jean-Baptiste , Heinonen Esko , Holopainen Ilkka , De Lira Jorge H.
Published: February 2023

We prove existence results for entire graphical translators of the mean curvature flow (the so-called bowl solitons) on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds. We show that the asymptotic behavior of entire solitons depends heavily on the curvature of the manifold, and that there exist also bounded solutions if the curvature goes to minus infinity fast enough. Moreover, it is even possible to solve the asymptotic Dirichlet problem under certain conditions.
Erotic capital and its role in the assessment of candidates and employees: scale development and validation
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Katarzyna , Syper-Jędrzejak Marzena
Published: February 2023

Inspired by the concept of erotic capital, we claim that candidates’ and employees’ erotic capital is one of the factors that may influence on the decisions related to human resources management. Hakim’s concept is however criticized for being too extensive, too incoherent and lacking empirical studies to support it. Therefore, we have conducted empirical studies. They aimed at validating the construct of erotic capital in the context of its role in the assessment of another person, assessment that is intrinsic to HR decision-making. An additional goal was to develop a tool (questionnaire) for estimating the impact of the candidate's/employee's erotic capital on decisions being made concerning recruitment and appraisal in the organization.

Research was split into 3 stages. Stage one consisted of studying the literature. At the second stage, we proceeded with the assessment of content and face validity of the research tool. Within the third stage of the research, the construct was subject to theoretical validity check. Validation proved that the obtained model of erotic capital fulfilled the requirements of: reliability, validity (divergent and predictive) and unidimensionality.
International Collaboration in Latin American Psychology Through the Analysis of Co-authorship Networks
Authors: López-López Wilson , Lucio-Arias Diana , Díaz-Nova Angie M. , Silva Luis M.
Published: February 2023

More than half of a century has passed since a paradigmatic change in the scientific endeavour took place: from science that advanced through the discursive interchange of geographically dispersed research findings and reflections, to highly interconnected and collaborative efforts that transcend borders (Wagner & Leydesdorff, 2005, Research Policy, 34:1608–1618). These new “invisible colleges” have been recognized since the end of the twentieth century as the network structures that emerge from co-authorships in scientific publications. These network structures that also inspire further production of knowledge, diffusion of concepts, methodologies and theories, circulation of scientific metaphors, and, above all, knowledge transfer, transformation, and appropriation. The expected impact of scientific collaboration on the consolidation of national capabilities for producing and absorbing scientific knowledge has resulted in the implementation of diverse instruments that aim at encouraging collaboration, particularly among peers from different countries. Psychology has also seen this increased international collaboration, and to evaluate its impact, we used bibliometric techniques on Latin American articles published between 2016 and 2020 in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) under the subject categories related to psychology, to explore the characteristics and conditions of scientific collaboration in this corpus.
Photoprotection in occupational dermatology
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Ludewig Michaela , Rocholl Marc , John Swen Malte
Published: February 2023

Skin cancer has become a substantial matter of public health and in the workplace, accounting for a significant share of all reported occupational diseases. The most important external factor in the development of skin cancer is exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Outdoor workers have already been identified as a high-risk category. The need for interventions to improve the sun protection behavior of outdoor workers has recently been understood. Outdoor workers' risk perceptions and attitudes toward sun protection methods are likely to influence practical sun protection behavior at work, and despite the fact that many workers have expressed interest in improving their sun protection behavior, outdoor workers' unique needs are still neglected. Occupational dermatology is predicted to become more concerned with photoprotection in the decades ahead. Preventive action against the rapidly increasing number skin cancer cases is in great demand around the globe. In terms of preventive measures, the full range of available options should be used as needed to address the current difficulties in a goal-oriented way. This will almost certainly only be achievable if preventative efforts on a collective and individual level are successfully paired with support from policymakers to inspire long-term change.
Analyzing Atonal Music
Authors: Schuijer Michiel
Published: February 2023

An engaging study - the first ever - of the principles used by noted scholars to unravel the masterpieces of Schoenberg, Stravinsky, and other modernists.
Jewish Theatre Making in Mantua, 1520-1650
Authors: Jaffe-Berg Erith
Published: February 2023

This book studies how the Jewish community of Mantua established, normalized, and maintained interrelations with the Christian community for over 130 years, from 1520 to 1650, by means of theatre performance for the Gonzaga Dukes.
Telling Propaganda from Legitimate Political Persuasion
Authors: Godber Amelia , Origgi Gloria
Published: February 2023

How does propaganda differ from the legitimate persuasive practices that animate a healthy democracy? The question is especially salient as digital technologies facilitate new modes of political persuasion and the public square saturates with information factual and fabricated alike. In answer, we propose a typology based on the rhetorical strategies that propaganda and its legitimate counterpart each employ. We argue that the point of contrast between the phenomena turns on two key features: whether the rhetorical strategy sufficiently engages our deliberative capacities, and whether it runs counter to our epistemic interests. While in practice the boundary between the concepts is not always sharp, the account identifies a set of conceptual tools that help better frame and come to grips with propaganda and legitimate political persuasion in an information-dense and increasingly complex media landscape.
The Process of Legal Institutionalization: How Privacy Jurisprudence Turned towards the US Constitution and the American State
Authors: Eiermann Martin
Published: February 2023

During the twentieth century, privacy evolved from an ambiguous legal idea into a defined state-centric right, while privacy claims against non-state entities became more marginalized. Whereas prior studies treat this as the direct outcome of cultural shifts or landmark interventions by legal elites, I document legal institutionalization as a three-stage process of domain formation and meaning making. Using a combination of citation network analysis and qualitative research, I show that the concept of privacy first entered the legal field when journalists raised concerns about the unauthorized use and commodification of personal data; that US jurisprudence produced two competing schools of legal thought as judges and legal scholars struggled to give substance to an abstract concept and structure to an evolving domain of judicial practice; and that privacy was consecrated as a constitutional right when state courts and the US Supreme Court selectively mobilized the language of privacy to confront the expanding reach of the American state. These findings demonstrate the processual nature of legal institutionalization, draw attention to intra-legal contestation and the implicit pluralism of American jurisprudence, and highlight an emerging distinction between the legal regimes governing bureaucratic rule and market exchanges in the early twentieth century.
“I’ve Had Cases That Have Gone in the Wrong Direction and That Has Affected Me”: A Qualitative Examination of Decision Making, Liminality, and the Emotional Aspects of Parole Work
Authors: Maier Katharina , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Norman Mark
Published: February 2023

Parole officers are central actors in the penal system as their decisions can affect the timing of a person’s release from prison and also restrict or enable their freedoms in the community upon release. Existing research on parole examines how parole officers think about and govern ex-prisoners via techniques of surveillance, regulation, and support. Few studies, however, provide qualitative insight into how parole officers experience their occupational authorities and associated power over (ex)prisoners’ future, or the emotions generated by frontline supervision work. Using data from interviews with 150 parole officers in Canada, we explore the emotions associated with parole officers’ occupational responsibilities and authorities vis-à-vis the parolee, the public, and the parole officer’s employer. Participants experienced their duty to make decisions that impact their clients’ legal and social futures, and potentially public safety, as a source of emotional stress and concern, as they worried about how their decisions could negatively affect their client, the community, and their own professional status. In illuminating parole officers’ feelings and experiences, we show how parole—the “transition” between incarceration and freedom—produces an emotionally charged experience not just for (ex)prisoners, but also for those engaged in frontline supervision work.
Building pasta's empire: Barilla in Italian East Africa
Authors: Garvin Diana
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the role that Italian food companies like Barilla pasta played in creating narratives of East African empire at the apex of the Fascist ventennio. It aims to use the commercial remnants of Fascist empire to provide a more thorough accounting of how colonialism shaped the modern cultural history of Italian pasta. To do so, I analyze the paper ephemera, that is, the pasta advertisements and packaging, that connected occupied East Africa to Italy, demonstrating how regime projects to promote grain evolved into corporate projects in private industry. I argue that these two stories form a single cohesive narrative, one that can unite much of the excellent work that has been done on Fascist agriculture in empire with the transnational history of Italian food companies. East African empire, as depicted by Italian pasta shapes and advertisements, was consumable. At stake in this inquiry lies the shifting question of Italian national identity, framed by food products in global contexts.
GNOMES II: Analysis of the Galactic diffuse molecular ISM in all four ground state hydroxyl transitions usingAmoeba
Authors: Hafner Anita , Dawson J. R. , Nguyen Hiep , Heiles Carl , Wardle M. , Lee M.-Y. , Murray Claire E. , Thompson K. L. , Stanimirović Snežana
Published: February 2023

We present observations of the four$^2 \Pi _{3/2}\,J=3/2$ground-rotational state transitions of the hydroxyl molecule (OH) along 107 lines of sight both in and out of the Galactic plane: 92 sets of observations from the Arecibo telescope and 15 sets of observations from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). Our Arecibo observations included off-source pointings, allowing us to measure excitation temperature ($T_{\rm ex}$) and optical depth, while our ATCA observations give optical depth only. We perform Gaussian decomposition using the Automated Molecular Excitation Bayesian line-fitting Algorithm ‘Amoeba’ (Petzler, Dawson, & Wardle 2021, ApJ, 923, 261) fitting all four transitions simultaneously with shared centroid velocity and width. We identify 109 features across 38 sightlines (including 58 detections along 27 sightlines with excitation temperature measurements). While the main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz tend to have similar excitation temperatures (median$|\Delta T_{\rm ex}({\rm main})|=0.6\,$K, 84% show$|\Delta T_{\rm ex}({\rm main})|<2\,$K), large differences in the 1612 and 1720 MHz satellite line excitation temperatures show that the gas is generally not in LTE. For a selection of sightlines, we compare our OH features to associated (on-sky and in velocity) Hi cold gas components (CNM) identified by Nguyen et al. (2019, ApJ, 880, 141) and find no strong correlations. We speculate that this may indicate an effective decoupling of the molecular gas from the CNM once it accumulates.
Honey bee larval culture in vitro: gut emptying determines the transition from larva to prepupa and recombinant AccApidaecin improves antibacterial activity
Authors: Chen Wen-Feng , Wang Hong-Fang , Wang Ying , Liu Zhen-Guo , Xu Bao-Hua
Published: February 2023

In vitro rearing of honey bee larvae is ideal for bioassay studies; no honey bee stable cell lines are available. Inconsistency of internal development staging of reared larvae and a susceptibility to contamination are common problems encountered. Standardized protocols on rearing larvae in vitro to make the larvae growth and development more similar to that of natural colonies are necessary to ensure the accuracy of experimental results and promote honey bee research as a model organism. Here, we concluded that when larval fasting weight was >160 mg, the time point of gut emptying can be defined as the critical point separating the larval and prepupal stages. In this way, we can conduct precise studies on the prepupal stage, such as organ remodeling during metamorphosis. Simultaneously, we further verified that recombinant AccApidaecin in genetic engineered bacteria added to the larval diet upregulated antibacterial peptide gene expression, and did not stimulate the stress response in larvae, nor did it affect the pupation rate or eclosion rate. This demonstrated that feeding recombinant AccApidaecin can enhance the individual antibacterial ability at the molecular level.
Definition of early age at onset in bipolar disorder according to distinctive neurodevelopmental pathways: insights from the FACE-BD study
Authors: Corponi Filippo , Lefrere Antoine , Leboyer Marion , Bellivier Frank , Godin Ophelia , Loftus Josephine , Courtet Philippe , Dubertret Caroline , Haffen Emmanuel , Llorca Pierre Michel , Roux Paul , Polosan Mircea , Schwan Raymund , Samalin Ludovic , Olié Emilie , Etain Bruno ,   FACE-BD (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Bipolar Disorder) Groups, Seriès Peggy , Belzeaux Raoul
Published: February 2023

Background

Converging evidence suggests that a subgroup of bipolar disorder (BD) with an early age at onset (AAO) may develop from aberrant neurodevelopment. However, the definition of early AAO remains unprecise. We thus tested which age cut-off for early AAO best corresponds to distinguishable neurodevelopmental pathways.

Methods

We analyzed data from the FondaMental Advanced Center of Expertise-Bipolar Disorder cohort, a naturalistic sample of 4421 patients. First, a supervised learning framework was applied in binary classification experiments using neurodevelopmental history to predict early AAO, defined either with Gaussian mixture models (GMM) clustering or with each of the different cut-offs in the range 14 to 25 years. Second, an unsupervised learning approach was used to find clusters based on neurodevelopmental factors and to examine the overlap between such data-driven groups and definitions of early AAO used for supervised learning.

Results

A young cut-off, i.e. 14 up to 16 years, induced higher separability [mean nested cross-validation test AUROC = 0.7327 (± 0.0169) for ⩽16 years]. Predictive performance deteriorated increasing the cut-off or setting early AAO with GMM. Similarly, defining early AAO below 17 years was associated with a higher degree of overlap with data-driven clusters (Normalized Mutual Information = 0.41 for ⩽17 years) relatively to other definitions.

Conclusions

Early AAO best captures distinctive neurodevelopmental patterns when defined as ⩽17 years. GMM-based definition of early AAO falls short of mapping to highly distinguishable neurodevelopmental pathways. These results should be used to improve patients' stratification in future studies of BD pathophysiology and biomarkers.
Delayed sleep phase disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic and its health implications
Authors: Jiménez-Correa Ulises , Bonilla Naylea , Álvarez-García Horacio B. , Méndez-Alonzo Gerardo , Barrera-Medina Andrés , Santana-Miranda Rafael , Poblano Adrián , Marín-Agudelo Hernán A.
Published: February 2023

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are alterations that are characterized by a shift in the sleep-wake cycle relative to day and night, such as the delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), which is a retard of at least 2 hours in the sleep start. Typically, the patient falls asleep after 2 a.m. and wakes up after 10 a.m. and with symptom of sleep onset insomnia. The prevalence of DSPD in young adults is 0.48%, increasing to 3.3% in adolescents. Interestingly, patients with COVID-19 infection report anxiety due to the intensive care unit lockdown and constant exposure to bright light. In addition, post-COVID patients have an increased risk of developing DSPD. For example, in adolescent post-COVID patients, the prevalence of DSPD increases to 63.3%. Patients with DSPD also have alterations in metabolic health, poor school performance, cognitive impairment, and a higher risk of developing other diseases. The objective of the present review is therefore to describe the characteristics of DSPD during the COVID-19 pandemic and to outline its possible implications for physical health (eg, metabolism) and mental health (eg, anxiety or depression).
Development and genomic characterization of EMS induced mutant population of Zea mays L.
Authors: Kashif Syed Zain , Aslam Muhammad , Ahmed Zaheer , Saleem Fouzia , Alghabari Fahad , Alsamadany Hameed , Alzahrani Hind A. S. , Awan Faisal Saeed
Published: February 2023

Maize is among major field crops which provides food, fodder and various byproducts to the industry. Development of better performing varieties is very important to enhance and strengthen the maize production system. In this study ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is used to induce genetic variation in maize. Mutant population was derived from two genotypes 100,003 and 100,004. EMS was applied under three different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mM. 25 mM was found as an ideal concentration resulting in maximum survival rate. Total 10 SSRs were used in this study, which amplified 28 alleles with average of 2.7 alleles. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant differences present among individuals. Average heterozygosity for mutants derived from 100,003 and 100,004 was 0.58 and 0.53, respectively. UPGMA analysis characterized the mutants into two main and many sub clusters. According to the principal component analysis, PC 1 and 2 contributed to 64.2% variability with eigenvalue greater than 1. Statistics showed maximum coefficients of variance in traits of leaf area, cobb height and plant height. Promising mutants were also identified and recommended for future breeding programme. In conclusion, EMS mutagenesis is an effective technique to develop novel mutants that can be exploited in future breeding programmes.
Huge Variation in H2 Generation During Seawater Alteration of Ultramafic Rocks
Authors: Ely T. D. , Leong J. M. , Canovas P. A. , Shock E. L.
Published: February 2023

Water‐rock reactions liberate bioavailable energy, a necessary condition for chemotrophic habitability and origins of life. The major minerals of ultramafic (UM) rocks: olivine (ol), orthopyroxene (opx), and clinopyroxene (cpx), are of particular astrobiological interest as they are widespread in the solar system and known to produce significant quantities of H2 during aqueous alteration (serpentinization). H2 yields energy to life when oxidized by chemical species common to planetary fluids and is the most deeply rooted metabolite in Earth's phylogenetic tree. However, while field observations and calculations have corroborated the H2‐generating potential of UM rocks, specific formation pathways remain elusive, as the alteration assemblages in natural samples contain substantial heterogeneity. Here we show that variable UM compositions, temperature (T), and the mass ratio of Earth's seawater to rock (w/r) conspire to segregate alteration systems into those that produce supra‐mmol H2, and those that produce sub‐µmol H2. The oxidation of UM Fe(II) to Fe(III) provides the electrons necessary to reduce H2O to H2. However, the Fe(III)‐bearing phases that facilitate this process form together with more abundant phases competing for the same elements, including Ca, Si, and Fe(II). As a result, H2 abundance is determined by non‐redox‐active elements. Maximum H2 at high T requires low Si and is generally supported by Fe(III)‐serpentine and magnetite formation. Andradite formation, which stores Fe(III) but requires elevated Ca abundance, throttles up H2 production as T decreases in aging systems. These conditions are achieved in ol‐ and cpx‐rich rocks while opx‐rich rocks sequester less Fe(III), producing less H2.
Potential Impact of Winter–Spring North Atlantic Tripole SSTAs on the Following Autumn–Winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation: Bridging Role of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Wei , Liu Yimin , Zhang Tuantuan , Yang Song , Wu Guoxiong , Chen Dake , Wang Ziqian , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Xu Lianlian , He Bian
Published: February 2023

Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Atlantic could stimulate the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events through regulating the tropical and mid‐latitude atmospheric circulations. Whether the Tibetan Plateau (TP) play an important bridging role in the mid‐latitude pathway has been rarely considered. Observational analysis and model simulations show that the spring TP surface wind speed dipole mode forced by the winter–spring North Atlantic tripole SSTAs can induce surface zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific from April to June through the Indo‐Pacific gearing process, favoring the occurrence of subsequent autumn–winter ENSO events through the Bjerknes feedback. Moreover, a flattened TP will obviously weaken the atmospheric and oceanic responses associated with ENSO development to the North Atlantic tripole SSTAs forcing. Quantitatively, the TP's bridging effect accounts for about 38% proportion in the above process. Our finding provides a new insight in understanding the mid‐latitude pathway.
Spectral Variability of Rocks and Soils on the Jezero Crater Floor: A Summary of Multispectral Observations From Perseverance's Mastcam‐Z Instrument
Authors: Rice M. S. , Johnson J. R. , Million C. C. , St. Clair M. , Horgan B. N. , Vaughan A. , Núñez J. I. , Garczynski B. , Curtis S. , Kinch K. B. , Merusi M. , Hayes A. , Bell J. F. , Duflot L. , Lapo K. , Evans A. A. , Eng A. , Cloutis E. , Brown A. , Annex A. M.
Published: February 2023

NASA's Mars‐2020 Perseverance rover spent its first year in Jezero crater studying the mafic lava flows of the Máaz formation and the ultramafic cumulates of the Séítah formation, both of which have undergone minor alteration and are variably covered by coatings, dust, and/or soil deposits. Documenting the rock and soil characteristics across the crater floor is critical for establishing the geologic context of Perseverance's cached samples—which will eventually be returned to Earth—and for interpreting the deposition and modification of the Máaz and Séítah formations. Mastcam‐Z, a pair of multispectral, stereoscopic zoom‐lens cameras, provides broadband red/green/blue and narrowband visible to near‐infrared images (VNIR, 440–1,020 nm). From multispectral observations from sols 0 to 380, we compiled a database of ∼2,400 representative Mastcam‐Z spectra. We analyzed principal components, spectral parameters, and laboratory spectra of pure minerals and natural rock surfaces to interpret the spectral diversity of rocks and soils. We define eight spectral classes of rocks: Dusty, Hematite‐like, Coated, Low‐Ca Pyroxene‐like, Olivine‐like, Weathered Olivine‐like, Fe‐rich Pyroxene‐like, and Dark Oxide‐like. The variability of soil spectra in the Jezero crater floor is controlled primarily by the amount of dust and indicates a largely consistent soil mineralogy across the traverse, with the exception of the area disturbed by the landing event. In comparison to rock spectra from the Curiosity rover's Mastcam instrument in Gale crater, rocks on the Jezero crater floor are generally less spectrally diverse, but the Olivine‐like rocks within the Séítah formation represent a new spectral rock class in Mars surface exploration.
Long non-coding RNA DLX6-AS1 is the key mediator of glomerular podocyte injury and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy by targeting the miR-346/GSK-3β signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Jia , Zheng Wen , Liu Yong , Zhou Mengwen , Shi Yan , Lei Min , Zhang Chaojie , Liu Zhangsuo
Published: February 2023

Progressive albuminuria is the primary clinical symptom of diabetic nephropathy (DN), leading to a gradual decline in kidney function. DLX6-AS1 was the first reported long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to participate in organogenesis and play crucial roles in the brain or neural cell development. Herein, we investigated the DLX6-AS1 (Dlx6-os1 in mice) role in DN pathogenesis. We found that DLX6-AS1 expression in DN patients correlated with the extent of albuminuria. Dlx6-os1 overexpression induced cellular damage and inflammatory responses in cultured podocytes through miR-346-mediated regulation of the GSK-3β pathway. In various established diabetic and newly developed knockout mouse models, Dlx6-os1 knockdown/knockout significantly reduced podocyte injury and albuminuria. The Dlx6-os1 effects were remarkably modulated by miR-346 mimics or mutants and significantly diminished in podocyte-specific GSK-3β-knockout mice. Thus, DLX6-AS1 (Dlx6-os1) promotes DN development by accelerating podocyte injury and inflammation through the upregulation of the GSK-3β pathway, providing a novel molecular target for DN therapy.
The activation mechanism and antibody binding mode for orphan GPR20
Authors: Lin Xi , Jiang Shan , Wu Yiran , Wei Xiaohu , Han Gye-Won , Wu Lijie , Liu Junlin , Chen Bo , Zhang Zhibin , Zhao Suwen , Cherezov Vadim , Xu Fei
Published: February 2023

GPR20 is a class-A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) owing to its differentially high expression. An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) containing a GPR20-binding antibody (Ab046) was recently developed in clinical trials for GIST treatment. GPR20 constitutively activates Gi proteins in the absence of any known ligand, but it remains obscure how this high basal activity is achieved. Here we report three cryo-EM structures of human GPR20 complexes including Gi-coupled GPR20 in the absence or presence of the Fab fragment of Ab046 and Gi-free GPR20. Remarkably, the structures demonstrate a uniquely folded N-terminal helix capping onto the transmembrane domain and our mutagenesis study suggests a key role of this cap region in stimulating the basal activity of GPR20. We also uncover the molecular interactions between GPR20 and Ab046, which may enable the design of tool antibodies with enhanced affinity or new functionality for GPR20. Furthermore, we report the orthosteric pocket occupied by an unassigned density which might be essential for exploring opportunities for deorphanization.
Molecular exploration of fossil eggshell uncovers hidden lineage of giant extinct bird
Authors: Grealy Alicia , Miller Gifford H. , Phillips Matthew J. , Clarke Simon J. , Fogel Marilyn , Patalwala Diana , Rigby Paul , Hubbard Alysia , Demarchi Beatrice , Collins Matthew , Mackie Meaghan , Sakalauskaite Jorune , Stiller Josefin , Clarke Julia A. , Legendre Lucas J. , Douglass Kristina , Hansford James , Haile James , Bunce Michael
Published: February 2023

The systematics of Madagascar’s extinct elephant birds remains controversial due to large gaps in the fossil record and poor biomolecular preservation of skeletal specimens. Here, a molecular analysis of 1000-year-old fossil eggshells provides the first description of elephant bird phylogeography and offers insight into the ecology and evolution of these flightless giants. Mitochondrial genomes from across Madagascar reveal genetic variation that is correlated with eggshell morphology, stable isotope composition, and geographic distribution. The elephant bird crown is dated to ca. 30 Mya, when Madagascar is estimated to have become less arid as it moved northward. High levels of between-clade genetic variation support reclassifying Mullerornis into a separate family. Low levels of within-clade genetic variation suggest there were only two elephant bird genera existing in southern Madagascar during the Holocene. However, we find an eggshell collection from Madagascar’s far north that represents a unique lineage of Aepyornis. Furthermore, divergence within Aepyornis coincides with the aridification of Madagascar during the early Pleistocene ca. 1.5 Ma, and is consistent with the fragmentation of populations in the highlands driving diversification and the evolution of extreme gigantism over shorts timescales. We advocate for a revision of their taxonomy that integrates palaeogenomic and palaeoecological perspectives.
Structural mechanism for inhibition of PP2A-B56α and oncogenicity by CIP2A
Authors: Pavic Karolina , Gupta Nikhil , Omella Judit Domènech , Derua Rita , Aakula Anna , Huhtaniemi Riikka , Määttä Juha A. , Höfflin Nico , Okkeri Juha , Wang Zhizhi , Kauko Otto , Varjus Roosa , Honkanen Henrik , Abankwa Daniel , Köhn Maja , Hytönen Vesa P. , Xu Wenqing , Nilsson Jakob , Page Rebecca , Janssens Veerle , Leitner Alexander , Westermarck Jukka
Published: February 2023

The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer PP2A-B56α is a human tumour suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms inhibiting PP2A-B56α in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we report molecular level details and structural mechanisms of PP2A-B56α inhibition by an oncoprotein CIP2A. Upon direct binding to PP2A-B56α trimer, CIP2A displaces the PP2A-A subunit and thereby hijacks both the B56α, and the catalytic PP2Ac subunit to form a CIP2A-B56α-PP2Ac pseudotrimer. Further, CIP2A competes with B56α substrate binding by blocking the LxxIxE-motif substrate binding pocket on B56α. Relevant to oncogenic activity of CIP2A across human cancers, the N-terminal head domain-mediated interaction with B56α stabilizes CIP2A protein. Functionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single amino acid mutagenesis of the head domain blunted MYC expression and MEK phosphorylation, and abrogated triple-negative breast cancer in vivo tumour growth. Collectively, we discover a unique multi-step hijack and mute protein complex regulation mechanism resulting in tumour suppressor PP2A-B56α inhibition. Further, the results unfold a structural determinant for the oncogenic activity of CIP2A, potentially facilitating therapeutic modulation of CIP2A in cancer and other diseases.
Designing covalent organic frameworks with Co-O4 atomic sites for efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gao Shuaiqi , Guo Yingying , Wang Huiyong , Wei Jishi , Su Xiaofang , Zhang Hucheng , Liu Zhimin , Wang Jianji
Published: February 2023

Cobalt coordinated covalent organic frameworks have attracted increasing interest in the field of CO2 photoreduction to CO, owing to their high electron affinity and predesigned structures. However, achieving high conversion efficiency is challenging since most Co related coordination environments facilitate fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here, we design two kinds of Co-COF catalysts with oxygen coordinated Co atoms and find that after tuning of coordination environment, the reported Co framework catalyst with Co-O4 sites exhibits a high CO production rate of 18000 µmol g−1 h−1 with selectivity as high as 95.7% under visible light irradiation. From in/ex-situ spectral characterizations and theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the predesigned Co-O4 sites significantly facilitate the carrier migration in framework matrixes and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the photocatalytic process. This work opens a way for the design of high-performance catalysts for CO2 photoreduction.
Rapid diagnosis of membranous nephropathy based on serum and urine Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning methods
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Song Xue , Li Wenjing , Chen Cheng , Wusiman Miriban , Zhang Li , Zhang Jiahui , Lu Jinyu , Lu Chen , Lv Xiaoyi
Published: February 2023

Membranous nephropathy is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome, which has an insidious onset and may progress to end-stage renal disease with a high mortality rate, such as renal failure and uremia. At present, the diagnosis of membranous nephropathy mainly relies on the clinical manifestations of patients and pathological examination of kidney biopsy, which are expensive, time-consuming, and have certain chance and other disadvantages. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a rapid, accurate and non-invasive diagnostic technique for the diagnosis of membranous nephropathy. In this study, Raman spectra of serum and urine were combined with deep learning methods to diagnose membranous nephropathy. After baseline correction and smoothing of the data, Gaussian white noise of different decibels was added to the training set for data amplification, and the amplified data were imported into ResNet, AlexNet and GoogleNet models to obtain the evaluation results of the models for membranous nephropathy. The experimental results showed that the three deep learning models achieved an accuracy of 1 for the classification of serum data of patients with membranous nephropathy and control group, and the discrimination of urine data was above 0.85, among which AlexNet was the best classification model for both samples. The above experimental results illustrate the great potential of serum- and urine-based Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning methods for rapid and accurate identification of patients with membranous nephropathy.
Freeze-thaw cycles alter the growth sprouting strategy of wetland plants by promoting denitrification
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Zou Yuanchun , Yu Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

Freeze-thaw cycles exert an important abiotic stress on plants at the beginning of winter and spring in mid-to-high latitudes. Here, we investigate whether the effects of freeze-thaw cycles are carried over into the growing season in wetlands. We conduct a temperature-controlled experiment under two freeze-thaw and two flooding conditions on a typical plant (Scirpus planiculmis) and soil from the Momoge wetland (China) and analyze the microbial nitrogen metabolism, based on metagenomic sequencing. We show that freeze-thaw cycles earlier in the year significantly inhibit plant sprouting and early growth. Specifically, they promote denitrification and thus reduce nitrogen levels, which in turn intensifies nitrogen limitation in the wetland soil. We find that plants tend to sprout later but faster after they are exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. Wetland flooding could alleviate these medium-term effects of freeze-thaw cycles. Our results suggest that wetland plants in mid-to-high latitudes have evolved sprouting and growth strategies to adapt to climatic conditions at the beginning of winter and spring.
Effect of stacking interactions on charge transfer states in photoswitches interacting with ion channels
Authors: Palmisano Vito F. , Faraji Shirin , Nogueira Juan J.
Published: February 2023

Face to face stacking interactions between azobenzene and phenylalanine in the Nav1.4 ion channel induces the formation of a low lying charge transfer state.
Ultrafast Förster resonance energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan in monellin: potential intrinsic spectroscopic ruler
Authors: Li Haoyang , Cao Simin , Zhang Sanjun , Chen Jinquan , Xu Jianhua , Knutson Jay R.
Published: February 2023

Schematic diagram of ultrafast energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan in monellin. The three tyrosines close to tryptophan transfer energy to it by FRET. The energy transfer lifetime is ∼200 ps.
Effectiveness of passive sampling for the detection and genetic characterization of human viruses in wastewater
Authors: Mejías-Molina Cristina , Pico-Tomàs Anna , Beltran-Rubinat Andrea , Martínez-Puchol Sandra , Corominas Lluís , Rusiñol Marta , Bofill-Mas Sílvia
Published: February 2023

Wastewater-based epidemiology is a promising tool to anticipate potential viral outbreaks not only at city-scale but also at precincts-scale or even buildings.
Rhynchophylline alleviates neuroinflammation and regulates metabolic disorders in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Chunxia , Xue Zhen , Zhu Lingmeng , Zhou Jiayu , Zhuo Lingxin , Zhang Jiayi , Zhang Xinchen , Liu Wenyuan , Han Lingfei , Liao Wenting
Published: February 2023

Rhynchophylline antagonizes Parkinson’s disease through alleviating neuroinflammation and regulating metabolic disorders.
Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx/MnO2 composites for synergistic catalytic/photothermal-based bacterial inhibition
Authors: Hu Ting , Xu Zhilong , Zhang Peiying , Fan Lei , Xi Juqun , Han Jie , Guo Rong
Published: February 2023

Ti3C2Tx/MnO2 composites with high oxidase-like activity and excellent photothermal properties were synthesized for efficient bacterial inhibition and wound healing.
Design, synthesis, and application of covalent organic frameworks as catalysts
Authors: Nikkhoo Elham , Mallakpour Shadpour , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: February 2023

Unique properties make COFs suitable for catalytic activities. There are several approaches to synthesizing COFs. This review highlights the latest applications of COFs as catalysts with an emphasis on synthetic approaches.
Defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks (MOF-808) towards the improved adsorptive removal of organic dyes and chromium (vi) species from water
Authors: Nguyen Khoa D. , Vo Nhi T. , Le Khanh T. M. , Ho Khanh V. , Phan Nam T. S. , Ho Phuoc H. , Le Ha V.
Published: February 2023

Two defective MOF-808 materials synthesized by a facile mixed-linker approach show significantly higher adsorption capacity compared to standard MOF-808.
Construction of a dual-signal molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensor based on bias potential control for selective sensing of tetracycline
Authors: Zhou Hongyan , Guo Yongjun , Yao Jun
Published: February 2023

The two signals validate each other to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the MIP-PEC sensor.
Plant glycosyltransferases for expanding bioactive glycoside diversity
Authors: Sirirungruang Sasilada , Barnum Collin R. , Tang Sophia N. , Shih Patrick M.
Published: February 2023

This article highlights previous and prospective uses for plant glycosyltransferases in generating and diversifying bioactive glycosides, with implications in drug discovery applications.
An ultrastable La-MOF for catalytic hydrogen transfer of furfural: in situ activation of the surface
Authors: Zhao Xu , Sun Lu , Zhai Zhouxiao , Tian Di , Wang Ying , Zou Xiaoqin , Min Chungang , Zhuang Changfu
Published: February 2023

A novel rare-earth MOF (LaQS) was synthesized, which not only has ultra-high stability, but also shows an excellent performance for the catalytic hydrogen transfer of furfural, and the in situ activation mechanism of the LaQS surface was discussed.
Raman spectroscopy and carrier scattering in 2D tungsten disulfides with vanadium doping
Authors: Zou Jingyun , Xu Yingjie , Miao Xinyue , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Rongjie , Tan Junyang , Tang Lei , Cai Zhengyang , Zhang Cheng , Kang Lixing , Zhang Xiaohua , Ma Chunlan , Cheng Hui-Ming , Liu Bilu
Published: February 2023

A characteristic Raman peak is identified as the fingerprint to study the enhanced el–ph coupling in vanadium-doped WS2. Vanadium atoms cause an n- to p-type transition and make ionization scattering dominate the carrier transport process in V-WS2.
Recent advances in aza Friedel–Crafts reaction: strategies for achiral and stereoselective synthesis
Authors: Hadj Mohamed Ameni , Masurier Nicolas
Published: February 2023

The aza-Friedel–Crafts (aza-FC) reaction is a very powerful tool for forming C–C and C–N bonds, based on an acid-catalyzed addition of electron-rich aromatic compounds to imines.
Synthesis of a novel carboxybetaine copolymer with different spacer lengths and inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption on its polymer film
Authors: Murase Nobuo , Kurioka Hideharu , Komura Chisato , Ajiro Hiroharu , Ando Tsuyoshi
Published: February 2023

Herein, we designed and synthesized a thermally stable carboxybetaine copolymer with a one- or three-carbon spacer between ammonium and carboxylate groups (CBMA1 and CBMA3) to create an anti-nonspecific adsorption surface with the ability to immobilize antibodies.
Discrimination of Robusta Amazônico coffee farmed by indigenous and non-indigenous people in Amazon: comparing benchtop and portable NIR using ComDim and duplex
Authors: Baqueta Michel Rocha , Valderrama Patrícia , Alves Enrique Anastácio , Pallone Juliana Azevedo Lima , Marini Federico
Published: February 2023

To meet the substantial trend towards NIR spectroscopy miniaturization, this work compared benchtop and portable NIR instruments to discriminate Robusta Amazônico samples using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).