bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insolvency Resolution Plans: Right of Erstwhile Management, Corporate Debtor
Authors: George Jasper Vikas
Published: June 2019

As the law under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 progresses, many anomalies have surfaced which revolve around the resolution plans, which are meant for the survival of the corporate debtor. The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal recently held that it is permissible in law to give the opportunity to ‘resolution applicants’ for revising their offer before final approval.1 Resolution plans play a key role in the corporate insolvency resolution process; therefore, the objectives of the author in the present article is, first, to analyse the importance of resolution plans, second, to examine the law regarding resolution plans in the Insolvency Code and, in the end, to analyse whether there is any necessity to maintain secrecy in reference to ‘resolution plans’ or whether giving a copy of the resolution plans to the corporate debtor will actually help the corporate debtor in getting necessary information for the health of their business for its benefit.
In vitro evaluation of nanohydroxyapatite synthesized from eggshell waste in occluding dentin tubules
Authors: Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Mhlungu Sbusiso , Mdluli Phumlane Selby
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a notable painful condition with a negative impact on quality of life. This paper evaluates the occluding abilities of nanohydroxyapatite synthesized from the eggshell waste (EnHAp) in the treatment of DH.

Methods:

EnHAp was synthesized following the wet chemical precipitation method. The purity and phase change were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to observe the morphology of EnHAp. The occluding capabilities were evaluated in vitro using the bovine model. Twenty-five simulated dentin specimens were randomly assigned to five groups: Group 1, untreated; Group 2, eggshell powder alone; Group 3, calcined eggshell powder; Group 4, Colgate Sensitive treated, EnHAp; and Group 5, calcium dihydrogen phosphate ( n = 5). The specimens were then subjected to remineralization protocol. The tubule occluding capabilities were observed using FESEM. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the occluding ratio values for all treated specimens. Post hoc test with Bonferroni correction was used to identify the mean differences among the five test groups (α = .05).

Results:

The FTIR and XRD results confirm that synthesis of EnHAp occurred. HRTEM and FESEM revealed an irregular rod structure with a particle size of 65 nm. The occluding area ratios observed for the EnHAp specimens were significantly higher than other test groups ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The application of EnHAp resulted in an efficient occlusion of dentin tubule. This study suggests that EnHAp is an effective therapy to treat DH.
Anticipatory practices: Shifting baselines and environmental imaginaries of ecological restoration in the Columbia River Basin
Authors: Hirsch Shana L.
Published: June 2019

Ecological restorationists working to restore species and habitats must make decisions about how to monitor the effectiveness of their actions. In order to do this, they must determine historical baselines for populations by measuring and monitoring reference habitat sites: analog ecological systems that act as controls for comparison. Yet as climate change alters what is possible in terms of habitat restoration, drawing baselines for recovery has become fraught with difficulty. This article examines the epistemic and legal practices of baseline-setting in the case of the Columbia River Basin as well as the ways that ecological restorationists are dealing with the shifting baselines of a climate-changed river. Restorationists do this by altering their epistemic practices, using trained judgment and establishing alternative, anticipatory baselines. While the field of restoration was born out of the idea that environmental repair was about looking to the past, the discipline has transformed to look forward and even to anticipate the future. One way that this is occurring is through re-thinking baselines to reflect emerging environmental and sociotechnical imaginaries, which are enacted through epistemic practice. Anticipatory practices such as baseline-setting help sensitize the field of restoration ecology to the future, while at the same time facilitating the emergence of ideas that will enable scientifically based decision-making to continue to occur within a high level of uncertainty.
Dokuchaevite, Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3, a new mineral with remarkably diverse Cu2+ mixed-ligand coordination environments
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Polekhovsky Yury S. , Wenzel Thomas , Spratt John
Published: June 2019

Dokuchaevite, ideally Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3, was found in the Yadovitaya fumarole of the Second scoria cone of the North Breach of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption (1975–1976), Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Dokuchaevite occurs on the crusts of various copper sulfate exhalative minerals (such as kamchatkite and euchlorine) as individual prismatic crystals. Dokuchaevite is triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, a = 6.332(3), b = 8.204(4), c = 15.562(8) Å, α = 90.498(8), β = 97.173(7), γ = 90.896(13)°, V = 801.9(7) Å3 and R1 = 0.057. The eight strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are (d, Å (I)(hkl): (15.4396)(18)(00$\bar{1}$), (7.2762)(27)(0$\bar{1}$1), (5.5957)(43)(012), (4.8571)(33)($\bar{1}\bar{1}$1), (3.1929) (29)(023), (2.7915)(30)(202), (2.5645)(21)(032), (2.5220)(100)(1$\bar{3}$0), (2.4906)(18)(130) and (2.3267)(71)(2$\bar{2}$2). The chemical composition determined by electron-microprobe analysis is (wt.%): CuO 60.87, ZnO 0.50, FeO 0.36, V2O5 19.85, As2O5 6.96, SO3 0.44, MoO3 1.41, SiO2 0.20, P2O5 0.22, Cl 10.66, –O = Cl2 2.41, total 99.06. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 17 anions per formula unit is (Cu7.72Zn0.06Fe0.05)Σ7.83(V2.20As0.61Mo0.10S0.06P0.03Si0.03)Σ3.03O13.96Cl3.04.

The crystal structure of dokuchaevite represents a new structure type with eight Cu sites, which demonstrate the remarkable diversity of Cu2+ mixed-ligand coordination environments. The crystal structure of dokuchaevite is based on OCu4 tetrahedra that share common corners thus forming [O2Cu6]8+ single chains. Two of the eight symmetrically independent copper atoms do not form Cu–O bonds with additional oxygen atoms, and thus are not part of the OCu4 tetrahedra, but provide the three-dimensional integrity of the [O2Cu6]8+ chains into a framework. TO4 mixed tetrahedral groups are located within the cavities of the framework. The structural formula of dokuchaevite can be represented as Cu2[Cu6O2](VO4)3Cl3.
The psychosis risk timeline: can we improve our preventive strategies? Part 2: adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Romain Karen , Eriksson Alexandra , Onyon Richard , Kumar Manoj
Published: June 2019

Current understanding of psychosis development is relevant to patients' clinical outcomes in mental health services as a whole, given that psychotic symptoms can be a feature of many different diagnoses at different stages of life. Understanding the risk factors helps clinicians to contemplate primary, secondary and tertiary preventive strategies that it may be possible to implement. In this second article of a three-part series, the psychosis risk timeline is again considered, here focusing on risk factors more likely to be encountered during later childhood, adolescence and adulthood. These include environmental factors, substance misuse, and social and psychopathological aspects.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After reading this article you will be able to:

•

understanding the range of risk factors for development of psychotic symptoms in young people and adults

•

understand in particular the association between trauma/abuse and subsequent psychosis

•

appreciate current evidence for the nature and strength of the link between substance misuse and psychosis.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST:

None.
Risks and seasonal pattern for mortality among hospitalized infants in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan, 2013-2016. A retrospective chart review.
Authors: van Deursen Babette , Lenglet Annick , Ariti Cono , Hussain Barkat , Karsten Jaap , Roggeveen Harriet , Price Debbie , Fernhout Jena , Abdi Ahmed , Carrion Martin Antonio Isidro
Published: June 2019

Background: In recent years, Médecins Sans Frontières has observed high mortality rates among hospitalized infants in Pakistan. We describe the clinical characteristics of the infants admitted between 2013 and 2016 in order to acquire a better understanding on the risk factors for mortality. 

Methods: We analyzed routinely collected medical data from infants (<7 months) admitted in Chaman and Dera Murad Jamali (DMJ) hospitals. The association between clinical characteristics and mortality was estimated using Poisson regression.

Results: Between 2013 and 2016, 5,214 children were admitted (male/female ratio: 1.60) and 1,178 (23%) died. Days since admission was associated with a higher risk of mortality and decreased with each extra day of admission after seven days. The first 48 hours of admission was strongly associated with a higher risk of mortality. A primary diagnosis of tetanus, necrotizing enterocolitis, prematurity, sepsis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were strongly associated with higher rates of mortality. We observed an annual peak in the mortality rate in September.

Conclusions: The first days of admission are critical for infant survival. Furthermore, the found male/female ratio was exceedingly higher than the national ratio of Pakistan. The observed seasonality in mortality rate by week has not been previously reported. It is fully recommended to do further in-depth research on male/female ratio differences and the reasons behind the annual peaks in mortality rate by week.
An interactive data visualisation application to investigate nosocomial transmission of infections
Authors: Smith Catherine M. , Allen David J. , Nawaz Sameena , Kozlakidis Zisis , Nastouli Eleni , Hayward Andrew , Ward Katherine N.
Published: June 2019

Background: Healthcare-associated infections represent a major threat to patient, staff and visitor safety. Identification of episodes that are likely to have resulted from nosocomial transmission has important implications for infection control. Routinely collected data on ward admissions and sample dates, combined with pathogen genomic information could provide useful insights. We describe a novel, open-source, application for visualising these data, and demonstrate its utility for investigating nosocomial transmission using a case study of a large outbreak of norovirus infection.

Methods: We developed the application using Shiny, a web application framework for R. For the norovirus case study, cases were defined as patients who had a faecal sample collected at the hospital in a winter season that tested positive for norovirus. Patient demographics and ward admission dates were extracted from hospital systems. Detected norovirus strains were genotyped and further characterised through sequencing of the hypervariable P2 domain. The most commonly detected sub-strain was visualised using the interactive application.

Results: There were 156 norovirus-positive specimens collected from 107 patients. The most commonly detected sub-strain affected 30 patients in five wards. We used the interactive application to produce three visualisations: a bar chart, a timeline, and a schematic ward plan highlighting plausible transmission links. Visualisations showed credible links between cases on the elderly care ward.

Conclusions: Use of the interactive application provided insights into transmission in this large nosocomial outbreak of norovirus, highlighting where infection control practices worked well or could be improved. This is a flexible tool that could be used for investigation of any infection in any hospital by interactively changing parameters. Challenges include integration with hospital systems for extracting data. Prospective use of this application could inform better infection control in real time.
Workshop on foreign economic activity of enterprises
Authors: Сберегаев Николай , Sbyeryegayev Nikolay
Published: June 2019

The workshop considered examples of solving problems on the main topics of the discipline "foreign Economic activity of the enterprise": analysis of the effectiveness of export-import operations; commercial credit; calculation of export-import prices;currency terms of contracts; customs value of goods, customs and insurance payments; securities of companies, their profitability; operations with securities on stock exchanges; licensed trade; efficiency of creation and operation of enterprises with foreign investment, organizational and legal forms of enterprises and business documents; leasing. The ability to solve these problems is necessary to improve the efficiency of production management in enterprises of all forms of ownership
Chiari malformations in adults: their surgical and nursing management
Authors: Humphrey Emily
Published: June 2019

There are two categories of Chiari malformations that occur in adults: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 Chiari malformations are conditions where the bottommost parts of the back of the brain (called the cerebellar tonsils) descend below the skull and enter the spinal canal—the space around the spinal cord. In type 2 Chiari malformations, more of the brain descends below the skull. This means that, as well as the cerebellar tonsils, the lower section of the brainstem (the medulla) and the brain's lowermost fluid-filled cavity, the fourth ventricle, also descend. The descending structures cause pressure and disrupt the normal flow of fluid that circulates in the brain and spinal cord, known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This article further explains the Chiari malformations, presents theories of how they are caused and describes their symptoms and complications. It also discusses Chiari malformations, theories of causation, symptoms, complications, treatment and nursing management considerations.
Research Roundup
Authors: Costello John
Published: June 2019

John Costello provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting the key points to keep you up to date. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail.
Falling through the gaps: Exclusion focus long overdue
Authors: Feuchtwang Anna
Published: June 2019

The renewed focus on issues of school exclusion and off-rolling is welcome. The time has come for schools and policy-makers to reflect on why the exclusions system seems to be going off the rails. Anna Feuchtwang explains
Long-term results and comparison of the Green-Anderson and multiplier growth prediction methods after permanent epiphysiodesis using Canale's technique
Authors: Burger K. , Farr S. , Hahne J. , Radler C. , Ganger R.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and radiographic outcomes of Canale's method in patients with idiopathic leg-length discrepancy (LLD) following percutaneous epiphysiodesis. The accuracy of two common growth prediction methods was assessed.

Methods

A total of 18 patients with 26 affected bones (eight distal femur, two proximal tibia, five combined) were clinically and radiologically analyzed after reaching skeletal maturity. We compared the final effect of epiphysiodesis at maturity with the expected effect of epiphysiodesis before surgery; these measures were calculated using the Green-Anderson and multiplier methods, respectively. We furthermore compared pre- and postoperative frontal and lateral plane radiographs.

Results

The average LLD was 21.2 mm before surgery and 7.9 mm after epiphysiodesis. The final effect of both methods was not significantly different compared with the expected effect of epiphysiodesis before surgery. However, the prediction by the Green-Anderson method was closer to the definitive epiphysiodesis effect. The frontal plane radiographic deformity parameters did not change significantly after epiphysiodesis. The postoperative sagittal plane radiographic deformity parameters were in the normal range.

Conclusion

The Canale technique is a reliable method to reduce LLD in children. With regards to growth prediction, the Green-Anderson method using bone age seems to be more accurate than the multiplier method using chronological age. However, a relative over-estimation was observed with both methods in several cases, which might result in an insufficient correction.

Level of Evidence

IV, Therapeutic study
Radiological outcome after treatment of juvenile flatfeet with subtalar arthroereisis: A matched pair analysis of 38 cases comparing neurogenic and non-neurogenic patients
Authors: Kubo H. , Krauspe R. , Hufeland M. , Lipp C. , Ruppert M. , Westhoff B. , Pilge H.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Therapy of juvenile neurogenic flatfoot (JNF) with subtalar arthroereisis (SA) is currently under critical clinical investigation. In this retrospective matched pair analysis, the radiological outcome after arthroereisis in paediatric patients with infantile cerebral palsy and JNF was compared with children with juvenile flatfeet (JF) without neurological diseases.

Methods

From October 2007 to April 2018 80 patients with 149 flatfeet underwent surgery with SA. Inclusion criteria were: 1) JNF or JF with age at surgery ≤ 13 years; 2) treatment with SA; 3) presence of three sets of biplane radiographs (preoperative, postoperative and follow-up (FU)). The radiographs were analyzed for: 1) navicular-cuboidal-index (NCI); 2) talocalcaneal angle anteroposterior; 3) talocalcaneal angle lateral; 4) calcaneal-pitch (CP); and 5) talometatarsal-index (TMTI). Following this, 25 patients with 38 flatfeet could be included.

Results

The mean age at SA of the JNF group was 9.2 years (JF group: 9.3 years) and the mean time of FU was 35.2 months (JF group: 39.4 months). In comparison with preoperatively, a significant decrease of the NCI was seen in both groups (p = ≤ 0.05 and p = ≤ 0.001) in the FU radiographs. The analysis of CP and TMTI in the JF group also resulted in a significant improvement (p = ≤ 0.001 and p = ≤ 0.05). Overall, the comparison between the JNF and JF group showed no significant differences in regard to the analyzed postoperative parameters.

Conclusion

Based on this data, treatment of flatfeet by SA in patient with neurological disorders shows an improvement of radiological parameters comparable with neurologically unimpaired patients and might be considered as additional treatment option.

Level of evidence

IV
The significance of foot length at the initiation of the Ponseti method: A prospective study
Authors: Hemo Y. , Yavor A. , Gigi R. , Wientroub S.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

We sought to evaluate foot length (FL) and forefoot circumference (FC) and their impact on the severity of idiopathic clubfoot (CF) and results of treatment. We hypothesized that a smaller foot size at birth that represents a lesser than term newborn may affect the response of the CF to the treatment.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study documenting FL and FC of all neonates presented with idiopathic CF. Additional demographic information was collected. Outcome measures were number of casts needed for correction, need for recasting, additional surgery and functional score.

Results

In all, 52 children with 73 CF with a minimum mean follow-up of two years (2.0 to 5.6; sd 1.08) were evaluated. Mean gestational age was 38.63 weeks and mean birth weight (BW) was 3184 g. The mean FL at presentation was 74 mm (5.70 to 9.00), initial Pirani score was 5.5 (2.5 to 6.0) while number of casts was 6.9 (4.0 to 11.0). The FL was significantly correlated both to initial Pirani score (r = -0.35; p < 0.01) and number of casts (r = -0.33; p < 0.05). Positive correlation was found between the number of casts to Pirani score and number of additional procedures (r = 0.39; r = 0.36; p < 0.01, respectively). A foot size of up to 8 cm, needed 7.3 casts (4 to 7) compared with a FL of 8 cm or longer who needed 4.7 casts (4 to 6; t = 7.11; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

FL is a simple approach to identify preterm babies. It can be used as part of the initial evaluation of CF and help in predicting the course of treatment. We recommend adding FL to the existing classification.

Level of Evidence

I - Prognostic study
The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot
Authors: Böhm S. , Sinclair M. F.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The signs for clubfoot relapse are poorly defined in the literature and there is a lack of a scoring system that allows assessment of clubfeet in ambulatory children. The aim of this study is to develop an easy to use, reliable and validated evaluation tool for ambulatory children with a history of clubfoot.

Methods

A total of 52 feet (26 children, 41 clubfeet, 11 unaffected feet) were assessed. Three surgeons used the seven-item PBS Score to rate hindfoot varus, standing and walking supination, early heel rise, active/passive ankle dorsiflexion and subtalar abduction blinded to the other examiners. All parents answered the modified Roye score questionnaire prior to the clinical assessment. Correlation between the mean PBS Score and the Roye score was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Interobserver reliability was tested using weighted and unweighted Cohen's Kappa coefficients.

Results

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for correlation between mean PBS Score and Roye score was 0.73 (moderate to good correlation).The interobserver agreement for the total PBS Score resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 (almost perfect agreement).

Conclusion

The PBS score is an easy to use, clinical assessment tool for walking age children with clubfoot deformity. It includes passive and active criteria with a very good interobserver reliability and moderate to good validity.

Level of Evidence

Level I - Diagnostic study
Treatment of relapsed, residual and neglected clubfoot: Adjunctive surgery
Authors: Eidelman M. , Kotlarsky P. , Herzenberg J. E.
Published: June 2019

Over the past two decades, the Ponseti ‘conservative’ (non-surgical) method of clubfoot treatment has been almost universally adopted worldwide. As a result, the need for operative treatment for clubfoot has decreased dramatically. However, even Ponseti himself routinely used surgery for certain patients: at least 90% of feet need percutaneous tenotomy, and 15% to 40% may require tibialis anterior tendon transfer. Additionally, relapses are common, sometimes necessitating further surgical intervention. Relapses are recurrent deformities in previously well corrected feet. Residual deformities may be defined as persistent deformities in incompletely corrected feet. In addition, in many parts of the developing world, neglected clubfoot is still a major challenge. Many neglected feet can be treated with Ponseti principles, particularly in younger children. However, in older children and adults, surgical approaches are more likely to be needed. Major reasons for relapsed/residual clubfoot include incomplete application of the Ponseti principles, inability to adhere to the foot abduction brace protocol, failure to recommend a complete course of bracing and inadequate follow-up. Sometimes, despite excellent treatment, and perfect adherence to the bracing protocols, there are still relapses, related to intrinsic muscle imbalance. We describe several solutions that include reinstitution of Ponseti casting and ‘á la carte’ operative treatment. As an alternative for particularly stubborn cases, application of a hexapod external fixator can be a powerful tool. In order to be a full-service clubfoot specialist, and not only a Ponseti practitioner, one must have in their toolbox the full gamut of adjunctive surgical options.

Level of Evidence

V
Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot: Should it affect bracing protocol when using the Ponseti method?
Authors: Hemo Y. , Gigi R. , Wientroub S.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

To point out the need to take into account the dysplastic nature of tarsal bones when treating idiopathic clubfoot (CF).

Methods

Review the published evidence on the developmental abnormalities of tarsal bones in idiopathic CF.

Results

The literature review provides abundant proof of the existence of delayed appearance and slower development of ossification centres of tarsal bones in idiopathic clubfoot.

Conclusion

Gentle manipulations and casting are the cornerstone of the Ponseti method. The biological response of all foot elements is critical for a successful outcome. Delayed ossification and abnormal development of tarsal bones in idiopathic CF may affect the results. Development of a personalized tailored bracing protocol based on severity assessment and response to casting treatment will improve results and quality of care in CF management.

Level of Evidence

V
California Almond Shelf Life: Changes in Moisture Content and Textural Quality During Storage
Authors: Wu Jia , Lin Xiangyang , Lin Shengnan , Chen Paul , Huang Guangwei , Peng Peng , Cheng Yanling , Ma Yiwei , Liu Yuhuan , Ruan Roger
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The effects of packaging and storage conditions on the moisture content and instrumental and sensory textural properties of raw and salty light roasted (SLR) California almonds were studied under different storage conditions. The controlled combinations included low, medium, and high temperatures and low and high relative humidity (RH). Almond samples were packaged in cartons or polyethylene (PE) bags with and without vacuum. Both absorption and desorption of moisture by almonds were observed during storage and were dependent on the packaging and storage conditions. In general, gradual changes were observed for samples with PE and vacuum PE packaging in most of the storage conditions, while the samples packed in cartons showed more dramatic changes because these unprotected samples were more vulnerable to seasonal changes in humidity. The SLR almonds showed consistent moisture gains, while the raw almonds tended to lose moisture content in most of the storage conditions. This may be attributed to the low initial moisture content of the SLR samples. All raw samples packed in cartons became softer over time. The softening tended to be enhanced by high storage humidity and temperature. The raw almonds packaged in PE bags were firmer than those packed in cartons but also became softer over time. The firmness of the SLR samples was generally lower than that of raw samples, probably because roasting reduced the density and mechanical strength of the kernels. The firmness of PE packaged SLR samples increased in uncontrolled storage conditions and in higher storage temperature and humidity conditions but decreased slightly in lower temperature and humidity conditions. Vacuum packaging did not affect the firmness much. Using PE packaging and maintaining the RH below 50% and the temperature below 25°C are effective in stabilizing both raw and processed almonds. Keywords: Almond, Firmness, Nonpareil, Packaging, Relative humidity, Sensory, Storage, Temperature, Texture.
Sensitivity of Predicted Agro-Ecosystem Variables to Errors in Weather Input Data
Authors: Zhang Yao , Paustian Keith
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Statistically interpolated weather station data, outputs from climate reanalyses, and results from downscaled general circulation model (GCM) simulations are widely used to drive a variety of agro-ecosystem model applications, including regional- and national-scale crop modeling. In this study, we compared these three types of gridded weather datasets (total of nine datasets) with actual point-level weather station observations and analyzed the biases in predicted ecosystem variables of evapotranspiration (ET), crop grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) change, and soil N2O emissions using the process-based DayCent ecosystem model. As a reference system, we defined continuous corn cropping systems for three different regions in the U.S. Our results suggested that the predicted ecosystem variables can be highly sensitive to the sources of weather input data. Interpolated weather data from the PRISM and Daymet data products provided relatively accurate estimations of important ecosystem variables. Compared with the bias-corrected constructed analogs (BCCA) method, GCM results downscaled with the multivariate adaptive constructed analogs (MACA) method performed better for agro-ecosystem simulations under climate change; for datasets using BCCA, the rainfall frequency was positively biased and likely caused models to significantly underestimate solar radiation. For regional climate change studies that use a baseline simulation (historical period) for comparison, we suggest including the uncertainty of the baseline due to biases in the weather data in addition to the uncertainty in the projected weather data. Keywords: Agro-ecosystem model, DayCent model, Prediction bias, Weather data.
When grand ambitions meet the harsh realities of filmmaking: Celebrating the 100th anniversary of two classic letters by Danish director Carl Th. Dreyer on his artistically ambitious silent film Leaves from Satan’s Book
Authors: Thorsen Isak , Redvall Eva Novrup
Published: June 2019

The short subject is devoted to two letters from Carl Th. Dreyer to the management of the film company Nordisk Films Kompagni, written in 1919 just before Dreyer commenced the production of Blade af Satans Bog (Leaves from Satan’s Book). The letters offer an insight into the conflict between Dreyer’s artistic ambitions and financial realities.
Jörgen Lindström and the troubled status of the sexualized child on-screen
Authors: Johnson Ida Moen
Published: June 2019

This article examines the problem of using child actors in sexual scenes in film, with special attention to Ingmar Bergman’s Tystnaden (The Silence) (1963) and Mai Zetterling’s Nattlek (Night Games) (1966), both featuring the Swedish child actor Jörgen Linström. I argue that seeing the sexualized child in film can evoke the viewer’s concern for the well-being of the child actor, thus disrupting absorption in the fictional world on-screen. I further contend that two modes for managing the problematic presence of the sexualized child on-screen – cuteness and queerness – ultimately fail to eliminate our ambivalence about this figure. The article draws attention to the underexamined figure of the child in 1960s Swedish cinema; additionally, it includes material from a 2017 interview with Jörgen Lindström.
Manifestations of dread in Thelma
Authors: Lysne Anders
Published: June 2019

The article analyses the aesthetic expression and evocation of the emotion of dread in Joachim Trier’s Thelma. Situating the film within a subcategory of new Nordic horror films dealing with coming of age, the article utilizes close analysis of selected scenes to explore the aesthetic connections between dread and notions of absence, alterity and the sublime, and through a comparison with the director’s two first feature films, Reprise and Oslo: August 31st, it argues that the emotion of dread is ultimately thwarted by a narrative device that represents a novelty in Trier’s cinematic universe: the happy ending.
Peace of mind: The impact of metal gestures on stress and power
Authors: Eischeid Susanne A. , Kneer Julia , Englich Birte
Published: June 2019

Findings on metal research show an action-oriented, socially competent and less stressed community, opposing the assumption that metal reduces well-being and induces depression. Our study aimed to investigate the stress-reducing effects of metal for its fans and if this is influencing power experience. The idea is based on findings that indicate positive psychological and physical effects of music in general as well as the stress-reducing effects found for open, expansive gestures (e.g. ‘Metal gestures’). After stress was raised, participants listened either to metal or to classical music. While music was played, movements of half of the participants were blocked, thus, metal gestures were not possible. Metal music led to stress reduction of such blocked movements while classical music was found only to reduce stress when movements were not blocked. Stress reduction predicted the experience of power, but metal music and movements did not.
‘Sans compassion nor will to answer whoever asketh the why’: Personal sovereignty within black metal
Authors: Hoffin Kevin
Published: June 2019

The importance of personal sovereignty in black metal cannot be overstated. After all, we are the ‘wolves amongst sheep’. Presented here are the results of a documentary analysis (consisting of subcultural output and various studies) research project intended to analyse the wolf imagery in black metal wherever it may appear and regurgitate and reform these depictions in terms of their representations of personal sovereignty. For those who embrace the lycanthropic and colour their interactions with the world around them with hues of such dark, lupine tenets, this project will peruse these values through the philosophical kaleidoscopes. It will posit, hopefully convincingly, that the black metal subculture is rife with complications and contradictions – a paradoxical slant into a personal sovereignty that can never be attained, remaining frustratingly out of reach.
Postmodernism in Lou Reed and Metallica’s collaborative album Lulu: The subjective perception of highbrow and lowbrow
Authors: Gibson Dylan Lawrence
Published: June 2019

The 2011 collaborative album Lulu (by Lou Reed and Metallica) presents one with what can be clearly identified as a ‘clash’ between highbrow and lowbrow culture. This ‘clash’, as will be demonstrated in this article, attempts to ‘blur’ what the media tries to enforce by revealing that Metallica and Lou Reed in actuality cannot be exclusively defined by one coherent label. The intended implication is that the album should not be dismissed as its impact, as Metallica’s first postmodern album, ought to be remembered and formally recognized as such – a postmodern experimental metal album.
Vigilante feminism as a form of musical protest in extreme metal music
Authors: Jocson-Singh Joan
Published: June 2019

Drawing on my 2016 ethnographic research on women in New York’s extreme metal music scene, this short article discusses the emerging concept of vigilante feminism; a term first coined by American Studies professor Laura D’Amore in her 2017 study, Vigilante Feminism: Revising Trauma, Abduction, and Assault in American Fairy Tale Revisions. Through interviews with the death metal band Castrator, the role of the female musician and fan in the extreme metal music (EMM) scene is explored. Using the lens of vigilante feminism as a form of musical protest, I analyse lyrical content, performativity and the ways in which female musicians navigate the traditionally masculine-coded subculture. I argue that for some female death metal musicians, vigilante feminism acts as a form of empowerment which enables them to coexist in a liminal space so often dominated by their male counterparts.
A sensitive serodiagnostic tool for the detection of active infection of zoonotic visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis
Authors: Attia Marwa M. , Ismael Elshaimaa , Saleh Nagla M. K.
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the different serological techniques for early diagnosis of acute concurrent infections with linguatulosis in the definitive host (dogs) and an intermediate host (goats). This evaluation compared between the gold standard (GS) test (GS; examination of nasal and fecal samples in dogs and examination of lymph nodes in goats), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA), and indirect ELISA. Materials and Methods: Fifty goats and fifty dogs were examined for the presence of Linguatula serrata nymphs and adults, respectively, besides the collection of blood samples from the examined animals for serologic testing. Results: In goats; GS, S-ELISA, and indirect ELISA showed positivity in 32 (64%), 28 (56%), and 39 (78%) samples, respectively. In dogs; GS, S-ELISA, and indirect ELISA showed positivity in 25 (50%), 25 (50%), and 30 (60%) samples, respectively. S-ELISA displayed significant higher agreement with the GS test (≥0.83) than indirect ELISA (≤0.67) in both hosts. Infection with linguatulosis showed significant relation with the age of goats and dogs and the sex of goats (p<0.05). Conclusion: S-ELISA displayed more sensitivity and specificity for the detection of concurrent infections with linguatulosis in both dogs and goats than indirect ELISA, which could detect the prior infections. Similarly, these assays could be used for diagnosis of concurrent infections with linguatulosis in human, especially the chronic ones.
Serdülők és fiatal felnőttek identitása az önértékelés és a társas támogatás függvényében
Authors: Szabó Hangya Lilla , Jámbori Szilvia , Gál Zita , Kasik László , Fejes József Balázs
Published: June 2019

Az identitás a személy önmeghatározásán kívül arra is vonatkozik, hogyan viselkedik az egyén interperszonális vagy szociális kontextusban (Baumeister, 1986). Az identitás alakítás folyamatában rendkívüli szerepet töltenek be a fiatal életében jelenlévő referencia személyek, jelentős mások, akik által nyújtott társas támogatás, mint pszichoszociális erőforrás támogathatja az identitásalakítás folyamatát (Kaplan, Cassel, and Gore, 1977). A serdülőkori identitás befolyásolja a fiatal jövőképét, önértékelését, meghatározza a társas helyzetekhez való viszonyát is (Szabó, 2010).

Kutatásunk célja egyrészről a 9-10. osztályos középiskolás diákok és az elsőéves egyetemisták identitásállapotának feltárása volt, másrészről annak vizsgálata, hogy a különböző identitásállapotok milyen összefüggést mutatnak az önértékeléssel, és a társas támogatás mértékével. A vizsgálati személyek a Rosenberg Önértékelés Skálát (Sallay, Martos, Földvári, Szabó és Ittzés, 2014), az EOM-EIS-II -Interperszonális identitás alskáláját (Bennion és Adams, 1986, magyarul Biegelbauer, 2003; Szabó, 2003), és a Multidimenzionális Társas Támogatás Kérdőívet (Papp- Zipernovszky, Kékesi és Jámbori, 2017) töltötték ki.

Vizsgálatunk bebizonyította, hogy mind a serdülők, mind a fiatal felnőttek esetében a magasabb önbizalom és az észlelt társas támogatás, főként a barátok és a jelentős mások tekintetében segíti a valódi identitás állapot elérését. Míg a diffúz identitás alacsonyabb önértékelés pontszámmal, és szignifikánsan alacsonyabb mértékű baráti és jelentős másoktól észlelt támogatással járt együtt. Kutatásunk meggyőzően bizonyítja, hogy az önértékelés és a társas támogatás jelentős szerepet játszik mindkét korosztálynál a valódi identitás állapotának elérésében.
Psychological methods in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Golovacheva A. A. , Fateeva T. G.
Published: June 2019

Among the adult population, every two persons have experienced at least an episode of back pain during their lifetime. Nonspecific (musculoskeletal) low back pain (LBP) becomes chronic in 3–10% of people. These cases require combined interdisciplinary treatment, including optimal pharmacotherapy, rational physical activity, therapeutic exercises, psychological methods, an educational program (back pain school for patients); some cases need manual therapy, massage. Psychological methods assist patients to cope with pain catastrophizing, to increase daily activity, and to reduce the likelihood of disease recurrence. The results of clinical trials and systematic reviews demonstrate that cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness therapy (mindfulness-based stress reduction) are effective in treating chronic LBP. The paper describes a clinical case: an example of effective treatment of a female patient with chronic nonspecific LBP, by applying an integral interdisciplinary approach.
Carpal tunnel syndrome: issues of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Gilveg A. S. , Parfenov V. A. , Evzikov G. Yu.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to analyze the typical medical practice management of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), to evaluate the efficiency of surgical treatment, and to identify factors influencing the successful outcomes of surgical treatment.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 85 patients (14 men and 71 women; mean age, 62±10.8 years). Previous diagnosis and treatment of patients were assessed in other healthcare facilities. All patients underwent median nerve decompression. The efficiency of surgical treatment was assessed according to the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and a visual analogue scale for pain before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results and discussion. Informative diagnostic tests are rarely performed in patients with CTS, but cervical spine neurovisualization is often unreasonably prescribed. Erroneous diagnoses (predominantly those of cervical spine osteochondrosis (46%), and diabetic neuropathy (6%)) are made frequently (60%) in patients with CTS; the latter receive ineffective treatment for a long time. Surgical treatment in reducing pain and improving hand functionality is noted to be highly effective. The mean BCTQ score decreased from 2.81±0.68 to 1.62±0.55 and 1.24±0.41 at 1 and 12 months, respectively (p<0.05), the mean functional state score dropped from 2.92±0.78 to 2.4±0.72 and 1.46±0.57, respectively (p<0.05). Permanent numbness, subjective weakness, thenar muscle atrophy, Stage III CTS, and diabetes mellitus are predictors for less pronounced improvement in BCTQ scores after surgery (p<0.05).

Conclusion. Physicians are noted to be unaware of the manifestations of CTS and effective methods for its diagnosis and treatment. Decompression surgery is shown to be a highly effective procedure in patients with CTS following 1 and 12 months.
Sacroiliac joint dysfunction: clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Isaikin A. I. , Kavelina A. V. , Shor Yu. M. , Merbaum P. A. , Shadyzheva T. I.
Published: June 2019

One of the most common anatomical sources of nonspecific back pain is sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injury. The paper gives data on the structure, features of diagnosis and treatment of pain caused by SIJ dysfunction. A multimodal approach, including psychotherapeutic techniques, kinesiotherapy, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and muscle relaxants, is recommended for chronic pain. The authors give their own experience with drug treatment of 51 patients (36 women and 15 men; mean age, 56.4±2.1 years) with SIJ dysfunction, by using periarticular blockages with local anesthetics and glucocorticoids or radiofrequency SIJ denervation. They note the efficiency of using Airtal® as a NSAID and Mydocalm® as a muscle relaxant.
Chronic nonspecific (musculoskeletal) low back pain. Guidelines of the Russian Society for the Study of Pain (RSSP)
Authors: Parfenov V. A. , Yakhno N. N. , Davydov O. S. , Kukushkin M. L. , Churyukanov M. V. , Golovacheva V. A. , Isaikin A. I. , Achkasov E. E. , Evzikov G. Yu. , Karateev A. E. , Khabirov F. A. , Shirokov V. A. , Yakupov E. Z.
Published: June 2019

Examination of a patient with chronic low back pain (LBP) is aimed at eliminating its specific cause and assessing the social and psychological factors of chronic pain. The diagnosis of chronic nonspecific (musculoskeletal) LBP is based on the exclusion of a specific cause of pain, discogenic radiculopathy, and lumbar stenosis. It is advisable to identify possible pain sources: pathology of intervertebral disc pathology, facet joints, and sacroiliac joint and myofascial syndrome.

An integrated multidisciplinary approach (a high level of evidence), including therapeutic exercises, physical activity optimization, psychological treatments (cognitive behavioral therapy), an educational program (back pain school for patients), and manual therapy, is effective in treating chronic musculoskeletal LBP. For pain relief, one may use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in minimally effective doses and in a short cycle, muscle relaxants, and a capsaicin patch, and, if there is depressive disorder, antidepressants (a medium level of evidence). Radiofrequency denervation or therapeutic blockages with anesthetics and glucocorticoids (damage to the facet joints, sacroiliac joint), back massage, and acupuncture (a low level of evidence) may be used in some patients.

Therapeutic exercises and an educational program (the prevention of excessive loads and prolonged static and uncomfortable postures and the use of correct methods for lifting weights, etc.) are recommended for preventive purposes.
Cubital tunnel syndrome: current principles of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Golovacheva V. A. , Parfenov V. A. , Golovacheva A. A. , Evzikov G. Yu. , Yusupova R. M. , Shcheglova N. S. , Zonov M. G. , Bashlachev M. G.
Published: June 2019

Cubital tunnel syndrome (CTS) is manifested as hand sensory and motor impairments due to ulnar nerve compression in the cubital tunnel. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and is confirmed by electroneuromyography and ultrasonography. Conservative treatment methods (avoiding certain postures and movements; elbow splinting or orthosis use; and special exercises) is indicated for early-stage and mild CTS. Surgical treatment is indicated when conservative treatment is ineffective and when a patient has objective hand muscle weakness and atrophy. The paper considers the etiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors of CTS, and principles of its clinical and instrumental diagnosis and treatment in patients with this condition.
Additional treatments for acute nonspecific lumbodynia
Authors: Solokha O. A. , Vashchenko N. V.
Published: June 2019

Low back pain (lumbodynia) is a most common reason for seeking medical care and a most common of disability. The review presents current clinical guidelines for the management of patients with acute nonspecific lumbodynia. The diagnosis of acute nonspecific lumbodynia is based on clinical findings and, in most cases, requires no instrumental studies. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most effective in reducing pain. Additional therapies, such as therapeutic exercises, manual therapy, massage, acupuncture, etc., are discussed. There are data on the use of B vitamins, Milgamma® in particular, in acute non-specific lumbalgia.
Early signs of damage to the brain as a target organ in hypertension
Authors: Ostroumova T. M. , Ostroumova O. D. , Parfenov V. A.
Published: June 2019

The paper reviews the data available in the literature on and the results of the authors' own investigations of the signs of brain damage in hypertension in its early stages. The signs of early brain damage in hypertension can be considered as deteriorated control functions, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), as evidenced by the standard modes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), decreased fractional anisotropy in the frontal lobes, as shown by diffusion tensor MRI, and reduced cerebral perfusion. The latter two signs are detected even in hypertensive patients without WMH. Cognitive function testing and brain MRI using special regimens make it possible to identify a group of hypertensive patients at higher risk for cerebrovascular complications just in the early stages of the disease.
Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Koberskaya N. N.
Published: June 2019

Despite progress made in laboratory methods, genetic studies, and modern neuroimaging, the diagnosis of diseases that cause dementia makes difficulties. The review presents an update on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It discusses the issues of symptomatic and pathogenetic treatments and combination therapy for AD. The efficacy of memantine (akatinol memantine) and the expediency of its use at different stages of the disease in patients with AD are noted. Non-pharmacological treatments for this disease, including physical activity and cognitive training, are considered.