bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child-friendly justice and children's rights from criminal cases; Islamic Law notes
Authors: Purnamawati Shinta Ayu , Aprilianda Nurini , Endrawati Lucky , Sulistiyo Faizin
Published: March 2024

This article aimed to discuss the Islamic law notes on child-friendly justice and the importance of protecting children's rights during the juvenile process. The reform of Juvenile Justice in Indonesia was based on the UN convention, where on January 26, 1990, in New York, the Indonesian Government signed the 1989 Convention on the Rights of Children. Thus, to protect children through criminal law, paying attention to the principles in the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been the norm. The Child Protection Law in Indonesia has regulated the age limit for a child who can be held accountable. The existence of provisions regarding the minimum age limit for children in the law is what is required by international documents, especially regarding the minimum age of criminal responsibility, namely at least 12 years. Such provisions are parallel to The Beijing Rules, which recommend an age limit that is not too low. The problem is the provision of the law that children under 12 years (meaning between 8-12 years) can still be processed for trial and can be subject to action. Even at the age of 8 years, it is still possible to process. The problem is whether the eight-year age limit needs to be higher. Even though they were not punished and were only subject to action, the experience during the process of being submitted to trial did not bring stigma and negative impacts for children of young age. Based on Islamic law notes, this article found that child-friendly justice
Asesmen Sumatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Fase D Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Rahmawati Laili Etika , Kalaamiyah Khaafidhatul
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to describe the implementation of summative assessment in the Indonesian language learning reading element phase D. Data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation. The object of this research is summative assessment in Indonesian language learning. The subjects of this research were Indonesian language teachers and class VIII students at SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The data used is a summative assessment in the Indonesian language learning material for reading element phase D. The data source was obtained from the implementation of summative assessment in Indonesian language learning for reading element phase D class VIII at SMP Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Data analysis uses descriptive methods. The data analysis technique used includes three stages, namely 1. Data reduction; 2. Data display; 3. Drawing conclusion. The findings show that summative assessments are carried out at the end of every semester. Summative assessment is carried out at the end of the odd semester through the Final Semester Assessment (PAS). There are four types of questions in the Final Semester Assessment (PAS), namely multiple choice questions, true or false statements, matching, and essays. The total number of questions is 50 questions which are divided into several types of questions. There are 25 multiple choice questions, 10 true and false statements, 10 matching questions, and 5 essay questions.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Ramesh Aswathy , Jat Rakesh Kumar , Arunkumar R
Published: March 2024

A series of 2, 5- disubstituted- 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (Ox1-Ox10) are synthesized by the ring condensation reaction followed by rearrangement of salicylic acid and phenyl acetic acid with various aromatic acids in presence of phosphorous oxychloride as cyclizing agent. Structure of the new derivatives are confirmed by spectral analysis. Those derivatives having high Pa value in PASS software are subjected to antibacterial, anticancer and antidiabetic studies which yield promising reports. This study helps and stimulate the researcher to exploit the oxadiazole nuclei for the development of more active less harmful drugs.
Keywords: 1,3,4-oxadiazole, antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, antidiabetic activity
ANALISIS PERAN ZAKAT SEBAGAI SOLUSI KEBIJAKAN MONETER DIMASA PANDEMI
Authors: Cintana Arsiah Dwi
Published: March 2024

Zakat is an expenditure of wealth that must be issued by Muslims and is given to help government programs and alleviate poverty. Therefore paying zakat can also be useful for the progress of a country. The role of zakat is as a financial controller in the country which is known as monetary policy. Because zakat is included in state income which is channeled for the welfare of the community in the economic field, such as employment opportunities, fair distribution of income and wealth, and stability of the value of money to groups who are entitled to receive it to meet needs and increase equitable economic growth. Paying zakat is very beneficial for life because it can increase one's faith in Allah SWT. In addition, zakat also participates.
Zakat adalah pengeluaran harta yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh orang muslim dan diberikan membantu program pemerintah dan mengentaskan kemiskinan. Maka dari itu membayar zakat dapat berguna juga untuk kemajuan suatu negara. peran zakat adalah sebagai pengendali keuangan di dalam negara yang dikenal dengan kebijakan moneter. Karena zakat termasuk dalam pendapatan negara yang disalurkan untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat di bidang ekonomi seperti, kesempatan peluang kerja, keadilan distribusi pendapatan dan kekayaan, serta stabilitas nilai uang.kepada golongan yang berhak menerimanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan serta meningkatkan pemerataan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Membayar zakat sangat memberi manfaat untuk kehidupan karena dapat meningkatkan iman seseorang pada Allah SWT. Selain itu, zakat juga ikut.
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI DALAM ORGANISASI FILANTROPI
Authors: Ilmi M. Surobil , Rahmadini Auliya , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is to assess the extent of the impact of leadership on motivation in an organization. Data collection was carried out through reference collection methods, including reading materials such as books and scientific journal articles, using a qualitative research approach. There are many errors identified in organizational management, especially in terms of leadership, which result in failure to achieve performance targets due to a lack of motivational encouragement from leaders to HR (Human Resources), thus affecting the integrity of employee performance and potentially harming the company or agency they lead. The research results show that leadership has a significant impact on motivation in organizations, which directly influences employee performance and job satisfaction, thereby enabling the achievement of targets set by the philanthropic organizations.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai sejauh mana dampak kepemimpinan terhadap motivasi dalam organisasi filantropi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk studi pustaka. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa teori-teori yang tersebar dari beberapa referensi, termasuk bahan bacaan seperti buku dan artikel jurnal ilmiah. Terdapat banyak hal yang teridentifikasi dalam manajemen organisasi, terutama dalam hal kepemimpinan, yang mengakibatkan ketidakcapaian target kinerja karena kurangnya dorongan motivasi dari pemimpin kepada SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia), sehingga mempengaruhi integritas kinerja karyawan dan berpotensi merugikan perusahaan atau instansi yang dipimpin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap motivasi dalam organisasi, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan dan kepuasan kerja. Kepemimpinan yang baik memungkinkan pencapaian target yang telah ditetapkan oleh organisasi khususnya dalam organisasi filantropi.
DACA alleviates nerve damage and motor dysfunction via activation on Nrf2 signaling in Parkinson's disease.
Authors: Wang Ji , Zhao Jindong , Zhou Tang , Lin Zhiqi , Yang Shuda , Li Ju , Zhang Rongping , Geng Changan , Chen Xinglong , Hu Weiyan
Published: March 2024

Background and Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fastest growing
neurological disorder. Strong evidence reveals that oxidative stress and
mitochondrial dysfunction play critical roles in the pathophysiology of
PD. Rosemary contains a large number of abietane diterpenoids with
antioxidant power and DACA is a modified product from it. The present
study revealed the anti-parkinsonian effects of DACA and its possible
mechanisms. Experimental Approach The PD model was established by
treating mice with MPTP and SH-SY5Y cells and primary neurons with MPP+.
western blot and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the
neuroprotective effect of DACA. At the same time, the anxiety-like
behavior and motor coordination ability of mice were detected. In
addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, mitochondrial
membrane potential detection and western blot were used to detect
oxidative stress and mitochondrial related signal changes. Key Results
DACA improved the motor dysfunction of mouse and inhibited the decrease
of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in substantia nigra (SN)
and TH protein expression in midbrain and striatum. It also enhanced the
expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its
downstream antioxidant enzymes in midbrain and striatum. DACA prevented
MPP+- induced toxicity, reduced oxidative stress and maintained
mitochondrial function. The neuroprotective effects of DACA were
associated with its ability to induce Nrf2 into nucleus and regulate
mitophagy. Conclusion and Implications In conclusion, we demonstrated
that DACA exerted significant neuroprotection against through the
regulation of Nrf2 signaling, suggesting the use of DACA as a possible
food supplement in the prevention of PD.
Experimental and numerical research on fracture properties of mass concrete under quasi-static and dynamic loading
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Zhong Hong , Li Deyu , Li Chunlei , Wang Haibo , Li Zhiyuan , Dong Wei
Published: March 2024

The dynamic fracture behavior of mass concrete is crucial to the safety
evaluation of concrete dams subjected to strong earthquake. Cylindrical
specimens with a ring of preset crack were cast and direct tension tests
were performed. Two loading rates were considered, i.e., 10
/s for quasi-static loading and 10
/s for dynamic loading. When calculating the
fracture toughness, the influence of eccentricity in the tests was
compensated. Next, the crack propagation process of mass concrete was
modeled using the extended finite element method. From the test results
it’s found that under quasi-static loading, the crack generally
propagates along the interface between the aggregates and the matrix,
while under dynamic loading, more aggregates are fractured. As compared
to the case of quasi-static loading, the energy absorption capacity,
fracture energy and fracture toughness increase for dynamic loading
while the characteristic length decreases. Moreover, the numerically
predicted P- CMOD curves agree well with the experimental
measurements.
Novel Copy Number Deletion involving NUS1 associated with Epilepsy, Tremor, and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Lyon Gholson , Hsu Jing Y. , Ibrahim Daniah H. , Ali Riza , Marchi Elaine , Gavin Maureen , Amble Karen
Published: March 2024

Copy number variations (CNVs), among other genetic abnormalities, have
been implicated in a range of disorders and can result in a variety of
clinical manifestations, such as intellectual disability, developmental
disorders, and cancer. The role of specific genes within such CNVs,
especially novel or rare genes, is the subject of ever-advancing
Revealing hidden biodiversity: Novel insights on Reptile and Amphibian Distribution in Western Ecuador
Authors: Cruz-García Keyko , Zapata-Salvatierra Natalia , Sánchez-Nivicela Juan C. , Chauca Nadia , Matecki Sascha , Perez-Correa Julian
Published: March 2024

We present notable distributional updates for 13 species from western
Ecuador (six anfibians and seven reptiles). Our findings include the
northernmost confirmed sighting of Pristimantis kuri (Yánez-Muñoz
et al. 2016) and the southernmost documented appearance of
Imantodes inornatus (Boulenger 1896) and Lepidoblepharis
buchwaldi (Werner 1910). Additionally, we document new records and
notes of distribution range of Agalychnis spurrelli (Boulenger
1913), Hyloscirtus alytolylax (Duellman 1972), Engystomops
montubio (Ron et al. 2004), Pristimantis nyctophylax (Lynch
1976), Pristimantis walkeri (Lynch 1974), Chironius
flavopictus (Werner 1909), Chironius grandisquamis (Peters
1869), Dendrophidion graciliverpa (Cadle 2012), Ninia
atrata (Hallowell 1845), and Urotheca fulviceps (Cope 1886).
These observations significantly contribute to filling information gaps
in our understanding of these species’ distributions. The data, derived
from samples collected across diverse forested areas in the western
region of Ecuador (provinces of Cañar, Guayas, El Oro, and Los Rios),
provide valuable insights into the ecology and conservation of these
species.
Decades of butterfly monitoring reveal adaptation of multivoltine species to climate warming
Authors: Wepprich Tyson , Henry Erica , Haddad Nick
Published: March 2024

Climate change is implicated as a leading cause of insect declines. One
way that insects respond to the warming climate is by advancing
phenology and increasing voltinism (adding generations). However, if
earlier phenology changes cue-response relationships, then late season
generations might lack time or resources to complete development before
winter and insects attempt doomed “lost generations”. Using 27 years
of monitoring of 30 butterfly species, we find the opposite, as added
generations increase population growth rates of multivoltine
butterflies. We find lost generations are rare and occur at cooler sites
in years with cold winters or early frosts. Overall, long-term
population trends are positively correlated with increasing voltinism
over time, suggesting additional generations as one mechanism by which
species adapt to the changing climate. Long-term monitoring programs can
test mechanistic hypotheses about biotic responses to warming while
simultaneously tracking if population consequences match the predicted
outcomes.
Measurement of Arginase Activity in Sera of Iraqi Acromegaly Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Malek Fatima Khazaal , Abbas Salma Abdul-Rudha , Abed Baydaa Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The goal of this study was to measure arginase enzyme activity in diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients and compare it to a control group. This study included 80 participants, whose ages ranged from 25 to 65, and was conducted on forty diabetic acromegaly Iraqi patients attending the national diabetes center of Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad and forty healthy individuals (as a control group). The results showed a highly significant reduction in arginase activity and High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Urea levels were reduced not significantly, whereas a highly significant increase in levels of Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Fasting Serum glucose (FSG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) compared to control. A significant positive correlation was revealed between arginase activity and FSG levels in diabetic acromegaly patients. In conclusion, diabetic acromegaly patients had a significant decreased in serum arginase activity with no significant decrease urea levels, which indicates that their bodies store more nitrogen compounds to be utilized in constructing processes.
Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress of Workers in Fast Food Restaurants and The Risk of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mohammed Muntaha A. , Al-Fartusie Falah S. , Thani Mohammed Z.
Published: March 2024

Cooking fumes and biomass smoke pose significant threats to air degradation and human health, especially to people who work in this field on a daily basis, due to the large amounts of hazardous pollutants released from grilling activities. Chronic exposure to these fumes is associated with a risk of inflammation and oxidative stress, which can increase the risk of atherosclerosis. In this study, the lipid profile Glutathion (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of workers in fast food restaurants and patients with atherosclerosis were evaluated. The study included 40 Atherosclerosis patients, 40 fast food workers, and 40 healthy individuals as a control group, the ages ranges of (20-40) years. The obtained results indicated a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL and a decrease in HDL (p < 0.01) in patients and fast-food workers compared to control group. The results also indicated a significant increase in the level of MDA, and a significant decrease in the level of GSH for patients and fast-food workers compared to the control. In conclusion, it appears that fast food workers experience oxidative stress and disruption in lipid metabolism that may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Therefore, safety and quality control measures must be strengthened to reduce the occupational risks of fast-food restaurant workers.
The Relationship between Vertical Kinematic Eddy Heat Flux, Air Temperature and Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Atmospheric Boundary Layer: Baghdad City
Authors: Mohammed Nagham Abbas
Published: March 2024

Studying the heat flux in the boundary layer and understanding its relationship to the various atmospheric variables reflects positively on understanding the nature of turbulence in this layer and thus understanding the nature of the spread and movement of pollutants and the transmission and distribution of energy in this layer, also, the vertical heat flux is considered a significant influence on the movement of buoyancy and stability in the boundary layer and its effect on the horizontal wind movement, and therefore it is considered one of the important studies indirectly involved in the estimates of wind energy production, pollutant diffusion, and turbulence. This study involved the calculation of the Eddy Heat Flux and turbulent kinetic energy across Baghdad city. Our investigation revealed a correlation between the Eddy Heat Flux, temperature, and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE). The observations have been made for wind speed with three components (u, v, w) and temperature by using a fast-response anemometer. As for the atmospheric pressure data, it was obtained from the automatic weather station located in the department of Atmospheric Sciences at Mustansiriyah University. The range of observations extended through the duration of thirty days for 24 hours from 1st July 2016 to 30th July 2016 every second. The maximum Eddy Heat Flux value was 0.092 J/(m2.s) at 10:00 on 23th July 2016, while the minimum Eddy Heat Flux value was -0.013 J/(m2.s) at 21:00 hour on 25th July 2016, the negative sign refer to a change in the direction of heat transfer,. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between the eddy heat flux and temperatures with a correlation coefficient of 0.93, as well as between the eddy heat flux and the turbulent kinetic energy with a correlation coefficient of 0.8.
Performance and Efficiency of an Autoclave Made from Local Materials in Winter and Summer in Iraq
Authors: Saleh Nada S. , Hussain Hazim H. , Abdelhalim Ahmed
Published: March 2024

A solar-powered autoclave, made of a parabolic dish reflector that collects solar radiation at the focal point to heat a vessel, was established and tested. Thermal performance was tested and compared between months June and December 2022 through thermal energy efficiency equations and the total required thermal energy to evaporate water and the required thermal energy, where the highest values in June 2022 were 9%, 46 W, and 18 W, respectively at 9:00 am. Because solar radiation values are low, the energy required for heating is high and the lowest values were 0.2%, 1.9 W, and 0.5 W, respectively at 12:30 pm Because solar radiation values are high, the energy required for heating is less. While the highest values on December 2022 were 22%, 23 W, and 14 W, respectively, at 9:00 am, the lowest values were 0.6%, 1.16 W, and 6.6 W, respectively. At 12:00 pm, the values of December are considered higher for several reasons, including the values of solar radiation and the ambient temperature are lower than those of June, as well as the difference in the angle of incidence of solar radiation, so the thermal energy required for heating is higher. The effectiveness was tested against pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and samples of surgical kits made of stainless steel, where the highest values of steam temperatures for sterilization were recorded between 122 °C to 132 °C. Under a steam pressure of 1.3 to 1.9 bar between 11:00 am to 3:00 pm, one sterilization cycle took 30 minutes in June 2022, and for the month December 2022 the highest values of steam temperatures for sterilization were between 101 °C to 117 °C. Under steam pressure 0.7 to 1.03 bar between the hours 10:30 am to 12:30 pm, where the sterilization cycle was between 40 to 60 minutes, as a result of the decrease in solar radiation.
Enhancing Meditation Techniques and Insights Using Feature Analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Khadam Zahraa Maki , Abdulhameed Abbas Abdulazeez , Hammad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Through a Bluetooth connection between the Muse 2 device and the meditation app, leveraging IoT capabilities. The methodology encompasses data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and model training, all while utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) functionalities. The Muse 2 device records EEG data from multiple electrodes, which is then processed and analyzed within a mobile meditation platform. Preprocessing steps involve eliminating redundant columns, handling missing data, normalizing, and filtering, making use of IoT-enabled techniques. Feature extraction is carried out on EEG signals, utilizing statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, and entropy. Three different models, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), are trained using the preprocessed data, incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) based methodologies. Model performance is assessed using metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, highlighting the effectiveness of IoT-driven techniques. Notably, the MLP and Random Forest models demonstrate remarkable accuracy and precision, underlining the potential of this IoT-integrated approach. Specifically, the three models achieved high accuracies, with Random Forest leading at 0.999, followed by SVM at 0.959 and MLP at 0.99. This study not only contributes to the field of brain-computer interfaces and assistive technologies but also showcases a viable method to seamlessly integrate the Muse 2 device into meditation practices, promoting self-awareness and mindfulness with the added power of IoT technology.
Educational Certificate Verification System: Enhancing Security and Authenticity using Ethereum Blockchain and IPFS
Authors: Jaafar Rafah Amer , Alsaad Saad Najim , Al-Kabi Mohammed Naji
Published: March 2024

Educational certificate counterfeiting is a major global challenge. There is no doubt that addressing both the problem of forgery and the verification of academic certificates is a fundamental issue that deserves research, development, and support at the highest levels. This paper presents a decentralized educational certificate verification system leveraging the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to combat counterfeiting. Ropsten is used as a real-life Ethereum test network to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. IPFS is used to store educational certificate files on a decentralised file system. The smart contract is built in the Solidity language, compiled, and deployed using the online Remix IDE. The verification process is supported by scanning a QR code, which retrieves the validating certificate’s information from the Ethereum network in real-time.
Spatial Modelling Analysis for Potential Expansion of Cipanas City Candidate Area as Autonomous City
Authors: Somantri Lili
Published: March 2024

The establishment of new autonomous city is considered a significant decision and the proposal has been under review in Cipanas for several years. Therefore, this research aimed to address the proposal by conducting spatial modelling analysis for potential expansion of Cipanas as autonomous city, using Geographic Information System (GIS) method. The physical and social factors were analysed, using spatial overlay analysis to determine potential development area. SWOT analysis was also performed for qualitative insights into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the prospective Cipanas area. The results showed that Cipanas had significant potential to become autonomous city, with a particular focus on agriculture and tourism due to the varied topography and predominant natural land use. Through overlay analysis, areas in Pacet, Cipanas, and a small part of Cugenang Sub-districts were identified as potential development zones for the capital city. In general, Cipanas area was found suitable for the development of a major city with an agropolitan concept. Certain areas were considered more appropriate with urban characteristics compared to other areas based on specific criteria. Based on the results, recommendations include infrastructure improvements, economic sector diversification, tourism promotion, and disaster risk reduction activities. GIS spatial analysis facilitated the accurate identification of potential areas, aiding in mapping and pinpointing optimal areas for the establishment of new autonomous city.
Tourism Investment and Land Use Change in the Northern Piedmont of the Western High Atlas (1989-2022)
Authors: Ait Zamzami Hamza , Elaanzouli Mohammed , Zahrani Ayoub , Saidi Jamila , Boumeaza Taieb , Musiyam Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the profound influence of tourism investment on the Northern Piedmont of the western High Atlas over 34 years in response to the escalating global trend of tourism-driven land-use changes, particularly in the Marrakesh region. In this context, the driving forces behind the significant transformation of agricultural land and bare soils into tourism-driven investments were evaluated as well as the critical role of accessibility in shaping spatial shifts. The method used high-resolution (10 m) satellite images from Spot 1 (1989), Spot 5 (2003 & 2010), and Sentinel 2 (2022) through remote sensing methods to investigate the historical land-use changes over 34 years. The results showed significant transformations in land-use based on the correlation between improved transportation infrastructure and the growth of tourism ventures, underscoring the role of roads and facilities as catalysts. The analysis suggested the need for reflection on the consequences of unregulated tourism growth, aiming to balance economic benefits with environmental and socio-cultural challenges in sensitive regions. Although tourism significantly contributed to economic development and employment opportunities, it also posed risks when not managed prudently. This underscored the need to strike a harmonious equilibrium between economic prosperity as well as preserving the unique natural beauty and cultural heritage of the region. The insights provided in this analysis had broader implications for responsible planning and management of tourism development in sensitive ecological and cultural regions. In conclusion, a thoughtful and sustainable approach was needed to safeguard the delicate balance between economic prosperity and environmental preservation.
The Urgency of Handling Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Indonesian Border Region Perspective: Marine Security in the Makassar Strait
Authors: Hasan Yulia , Nurbaiti Siti , Hamid Abd. Haris
Published: March 2024

ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific (AOIP) plays a role in maintaining peace, security, stability and prosperity in the Asia Pacific and Indian Ocean (Indo-Pacific) region. However, due to common and competing interests, there are still conflicts in the region's implementation. Maritime security cooperation, which includes addressing illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, is one of the most important issues in the ASEAN region. The research intends to examine law enforcement against IUU violations in the ASEAN region, as well as the consequences of IUU violations by ASEAN countries on waters in the Makassar Strait. This is a qualitative study that employs a normative-empirical approach. The first problem is analyzed using the normative aspect, which is based on international and national law on ASEAN agreements on IUU, law enforcement, and other issues. While the empirical aspect is used to analyze the second problem through in-depth interviews about Makassar Strait water supervision and law enforcement. Based on the research findings, IUU law enforcement in the ASEAN Region must be carried out firmly to parties that threaten security and stability in the ASEAN Region, as outlined in each agreement participant's national law. Meanwhile, the legal consequences of IUU violations in the ASEAN Region have an impact on the security and stability of the waters of the Makassar Strait.
Penyusunan Artikel Ilmiah Bagi Pendidik Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Kota Gajah Lampung Tengah
Authors: Muncarno Muncarno , Astuti Nelly , Rapani Rapani , Destini Frida , Loliyana Loliyana , Hermawan Jody Setya
Published: March 2024

The field of education is very closely related to learning activities and scientific articles are very useful for educators to improve the quality of processes and learning outcomes in class. The purpose of community service is that teachers can understand and know what and how to compile scientific articles and can understand the preparation of scientific articles and be able to carry them out. Methods in community activities include; a) lecture method; b) question and answer method; c) sampling method. The results of the service in the form of outreach show that they really need knowledge, skills, and experience in Writing Educational Research Journals in the life of a teacher. Scientific articles are research journals made by educators in their own class through self-reflection with the aim of improving their performance so that student learning outcomes increase and are published in general either in direct writing or e-journals. Utilization of the implementation of scientific articles, among others; a) increasing the competence of educators in coping with learning; b) improve the professional attitude of educators; c) there is an improvement in the learning performance and competence of students; d) repair and increase the quality of the learning process in the classroom; e) repair and increase the quality of the use of media, learning aids, and other learning resources; f) improvement and improvement of the quality of procedures and evaluation tools used to measure the process and learning outcomes of students; g) improvement and personal development of students; h) improvement and improvement of the quality of curriculum implementation.
Effects of Soaking Time and Peppermint Oil Concentration on Chemical, Sensory, and Antibacterial Characteristics of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Thaliarinanta Angela Saraz , Kustyawati Maria Erna , Hidayati Sri , AS Suharyono , Nurdin Samsu Udayana
Published: March 2024

The increase in public coffee consumption is influenced by lifestyle, technological support and the emergence of various choices of coffee. Herbal coffee is generally made by adding herbal powder, infusion, and drying. Soaking techniques with peppermint oil to make herbal coffee have never been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of robusta coffee treated with soaking time and peppermint oil concentration on chemical characteristics, sensory and antimicrobial activity. Randomized Complete Group Design method with two factors was performed in this study. The first factor is soaking time (L) which consists of 0 (L0), 5 (L1), and 10 (L2) min. The second factor was peppermint oil concentration consisting of 0% (K0); 0.5% (K1); and 0.75% (K2). The results showed that the soaking time and concentration of peppermint oil can increase the water content and pH. The peppermint coffee showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi and Eschericia coli bacteria with an inhibition diameter of 8.72-13.16 mm and 9.88-12.24 mm, respectively. The peppermint coffee of L1K1 treatment (5 min soaking time; 0.5% peppermint concentration), is preferred by panelists with sensory test scores on taste (6.15), aroma (7.09), aftertaste (5.32), and overall (6.16). Keywords: Coffee bean, Concentration, Peppermint oil, Robusta coffee, Soaking time.
Brain Abscess Caused by Listeria Monoscytogenes with An Unlikely Evolution: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Baayoud Karim , Bouras Triantafyllos , Delvalée Mélanie , Triffaux Michel
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus, that enters the host body mainly through the intestine. Brain abscesses due to LM are extremely rare and are mostly seen in patients with risk factors.
Case report: We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who presented an acute neurological deficit, with no headaches or fever. The diagnosis was confirmed after an open surgical biopsy. The patient underwent ampicillin treatment for four weeks, with an unfavorable evolution.
Conclusion: L. monocytogenes brain abscess is an uncommon pathology, with a poor prognosis. Surgery combined with antibiotics improves the outcome.
Kapsayıcı Çocuk Kütüphanesi Hizmetleri: Otizm Tanılı Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveynlerin ve Kütüphane Personelinin Görüşleri
Authors: Kaptan Nilay , Pektaş Karabekir Esin , Yilmaz Arif , Ergenekon Yasemin
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bilgi tüm insanlık için temel bir ihtiyaçtır. Bireylerin bilgiye erişebilmesini kolaylaştıracak önemli kurumlardan biri kütüphanelerdir. Bu araştırmada OSB tanılı çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin ve kütüphane personelinin görüş ve deneyimlerine göre OSB olan çocukların ve ebeveynlerinin kütüphane kullanımının incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve çalışmada çoklu durum analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya yedi kütüphane personeli, sekiz OSB tanılı çocuğa sahip ebeveyn gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanan veriler tematik analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmada elde edilen verileri çocuk kütüphanelerinin yedi kriteri olan “kütüphanelerin misyonu ve amaçları, insan kaynakları, yeterlikler ve bilgi, derme geliştirme ve yönetimi, programlar ve sosyal yardım faaliyetleri, mekân tasarımı ve hoş bir mekânın oluşturulması, pazarlama ve tanıtım, değerlendirme ve etki” kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu yedi kriter doğrultusunda yapılan analiz sonucunda “kütüphaneye ilişkin algı”, “kütüphane kullanımına yönelik engeller”, “kütüphanelerin yapacağı çalışmalara ilişkin beklentiler”, “personel algısı”, “materyal türü ve özellikleri”, “program ve etkinliklere ilişkin beklentiler”, “kütüphanede verilen hizmetler”, “kapsayıcı iç mekân”, “bilgilendirme ve farkındalık”, “bütüncül ve çoklu değerlendirme yapılması” olmak üzere 10 temaya ve alt-temalara ulaşılmıştır.

Sonuç: Bulgularda verilere dayalı olarak ulaşılan temalara ilişkin ebeveynlerin ve kütüphane personelinin görüşleri karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuş, bulgular alanyazına dayalı olarak tartışılmıştır. Sonrasında ise araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular dikkate alınarak OSB olan çocuklar ve ebeveynlerine hizmet sağlayan kütüphanelerin yeni rolleri için yapabileceği çalışmalara ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

Özgünlük: Bu çalışmada OSB olan çocuklar ve ebeveynlerinin kütüphane hizmetlerinden yararlanabilecekleri vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularının alana özgün olarak katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları aracılığıyla OSB olan çocukların ve ailelerinin kütüphane hizmetlerinden yararlanmaları için kütüphane hizmetlerini iyileştirme çalışmalarına katkı sağlanabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın OSB olan çocukların ve ailelerinin kütüphane kullanımına ilişkin yapılacak yeni çalışmalar için öncü ve yönlendirici olabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Need Analysis for Development ELT Material for the Islamic Education Management Department Students at UIN Alauddin Makassar
Authors: Ananda Amalia  , Kaharuddin Kaharuddin , Asmawati Andi
Published: March 2024

This research investigated the need for English for Islamic Education Management Department students at UIN Alauddin Makassar. The researcher involved 44 respondents, 40 students, 1 lecturer, and 3 graduates in this study. A questionnaire and open-ended Questions were employed to collect the data. The findings show that the students' ability levels of all components of English (reading, writing, speaking, listening, grammar, and vocabulary) are at the 'adequate' level. The students prefer to study the components of English sequentially: (1) speaking average (3.44), (2) reading average (3.42), (3) listening average (3.42), (4) vocabulary average (3.42), (5) writing with an average (3.38), and (6) grammar with an average (2.77). The problem experienced by students in learning is a "Lack of learning English strategies," with the highest average score of (3.22). In addition, the most preferred learning method by students is Speaking, with an average score (3.33). The students were also interested in some of the most preferred learning styles, such as movies and videos, with an average score (3.31). The goals of this research are 1) to help students improve their English skills and 2) to help students have a good understanding of English language texts on topics of the Islamic Education Management course. It implies that the material that will be developed and provided by the result of the need analysis will fulfill the students.
Promoting Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) through Classroom English Debate in Critical Speaking Course at IAIN Bone Students
Authors: Maharajuddin Musfirah , Zuhri DJ Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The analyzing, evaluating and creating skill that are drilled during debate practice have been shown to support students' critical thinking skill. It proves how debate inspires students to analyze a situation from their own point of view. This research, therefore, aimed to evaluate debate in promoting students’ higher order thinking skill, particularly among Students of English Education Program at IAIN Bone, South Sulawesi. The research adopted qualitative analysis in which observation and interview were used as data-gathering instruments. The findings showed that debate promoted students’ higher order thinking skill because in debating students are required to think critically according to aspects of Bloom's taxonomy, they were analyzing, evaluating and creating. However, there were several problems faced by some students during English debate classroom in critical speaking subject, namely trouble defining the motion, had a limited vocabulary, difficult to rebut the opponent's argument, the difficulty of expressing an argument and nervous when practicing debates because they have to think critically.
 Keywords: Debate, Higher Order Thinking Skill, Critical Speaking, Students’ Problem.
Polar Influence of Code-Switching on Oral Communication Skills: The Case of Philippine Cebuano-Visayan Bilinguals
Authors: Olitres Bee Jay
Published: March 2024

Linguists are explicitly divided on code switching's (CS hereinafter) effect on the oral communication skills of English language learners. Some studies asserted that CS is beneficial (positive) while others criticized its negative impact on the target language (TL hereinafter) proficiency in communication skills. This study examined the influence of CS strategy on the oral communication skills of bilingual Cebuano-Visayan Senior High School students of the University of Cebu - Banilad, Cebu City, Philippines. This serves to bridge the ongoing debate and as a recent contributing perspective on the CS phenomenon, especially the English and Cebuano-Visayan language pair not yet explored in a conversational analysis in a new dialectal context (locale). Employing a case study design with 9 participants for data saturation, real-life conversations of students and teachers in English classrooms were audio-recorded for one month, and triangulated with interviews and observations. Thematic and conversational analysis then ensued which yielded the finding that CS adversely affects the students' oral communication skills in the areas of morphology, phonology, and syntax but positively facilitates the strategic competence of the bilingual oral communicators. CS, therefore, has a polar influence (both positive and negative) on the student’s oral communication skills.
Students' Perception of The Use of The Grammarly Application in Their Writing
Authors: Andi Anugrah Surya Ardhy
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine students’ perception of using Grammarly applications in their writings and the advantages and disadvantages of the Grammarly application for writing the English Language Education Study Program students.  The researcher used mixed methods in this study with research instruments, namely interviews and questionnaires.  The sample of this study was 13 students of the Manado State Islamic Institute of English Education Study Program of the 2018/2019 Academic Year who knew and used the Grammarly application.  Data analysis in this study uses two analytical techniques.  First, the qualitative analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model to analyze the results of interview data, and the second quantitative analysis uses descriptive statistics to analyze the results of questionnaire data.  Based on the research results, 72.32% of students have positive perceptions of using this grammar application.  It is reinforced by the results of interviews where respondents feel many benefits after using grammar applications, such as making it easier to correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and styles, time -stream, and correction suggestions from applications that are easy to understand.  On the other hand, 27.68% of students look negatively at using this application.  It requires smooth network access and extensive storage capacity to use applications.
Embracing the Wave: The Disruption of Conversational Artificial Intelligence toward English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Teaching Transformation
Authors: Ningsih Nurfajri , Lenon Samantha Sahara , Rahman Patur
Published: March 2024

atGPT, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot which is intended to have natural, intuitive human-to-human conversations by employing cutting-edge machine learning algorithms to produce responses to text input that resemble those of a human, is altering the teaching process especially in English for specific purposes (ESP). It engages learners on multiple cognitive levels, reinforcing comprehension and retention of ESP concepts. However, as we embark on this transformative journey, the potential displacement of human educators is needed to be concerned since AI is able to take over the teacher roles. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration about the benefits and challenges from the disruption of ChatGPT toward teachers’ teaching practice, especially for teachers who deliver English material for certain professional purposes. The study employs library research method design to identify sources that offer accurate data or professional judgment regarding a research question; eventually, these sources are a prerequisite for all other research techniques. The research has clearly described not the benefits of involving ChatGPT in teaching and learning transformation but also the advantages to enhance teachers’ abilities in delivering ESP content. However, there are some disruptions which become a big challenge in this paper which needs to be concerned by teachers and students. Overall, the challenges of ChatGPT involvement in teaching ESP emphasized that even though ChatGPT is sophisticated enough to facilitate learning and teaching environment, teachers’ role is still irreplaceable.
Enhancing EFL Learners’ Conjunction Proficiency in Recount Writing: An Analytical Study
Authors: Juhansar Juhansar , Trihat Majaya Brigas , Kamsinah Kamsinah , Budiarti Budiarti
Published: March 2024

Although it seems straightforward, using conjunctions in recount text writing poses a serious challenge for Indonesian EFL learners who continue to use them incorrectly. This current research aims to identify and describe EFL learners’ types and causes of conjunction errors in writing recount texts. This research relays on a mixed-methods research design where 27 participants were 10th-grade EFL learners of SMK Muhammadiyah Berbah in the 2022/2023 academic year. Data were collected through documents and interviews. The collected data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysis was used to discover EFL learners' types and causes of conjunction errors in writing recount text. In contrast, quantitative analysis was used to present the number and percentage of EFL learners' errors. This research shows that EFL learners make four types of errors in using conjunctions to write recount text. The types of errors consist of 55.81% omission errors, 23.25% unnecessary addition errors, 18.60% misuse errors, and 2.32% repetition errors. Ignorance of rule restrictions causes EFL learners to make errors of misuse, unnecessary addition, and excessive repetition. Meanwhile, the incomplete application of the rules caused EFL learners to make omission errors.
Deguelin inhibits the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest: Involvement of Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Sun Kening , Chen Ping , Zhang Liang , Lu Zhidong , Jin Qunhua
Published: March 2024

Deguelin exhibits antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell types. Previous studies have reported that deguelin exhibits pro-apoptotic activity against human cancer cells. The current study aimed at further elaborating the anticancer effects of deguelin against multiple myeloma cells. Cell growth estimations were made through MTT assay. Phase contrast microscopy was used for the analysis of the viability of multiple myeloma cells. Colony formation from multiple myeloma cells was studied using a clonogenic assay. Antioxidative assays for determining levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were carried out after treating multiple myeloma cells with deguelin. The apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells was studied using AO/EB and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining methods. Multiple myeloma cell cycle analysis was performed through flow cytometry. mRNA expression levels were depicted using qRT-PCR. Migration and invasion of multiple myeloma cells were determined with the wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Deguelin specifically inhibited the multiple myeloma cell growth while the normal plasma cells were minimally affected. Multiple myeloma cells when treated with deguelin exhibited remarkably lower viability and colony-forming ability. Multiple myeloma cells treated with deguelin produced more SOD and had higher GSH levels. The multiple myeloma cell growth, migration, and invasion were significantly declined by in vitro administration of deguelin. In conclusion, deguelin treatment, when applied in vitro, induced apoptotic cell death and resulted in mitotic cessation at the G2/M phase through modulation of cell cycle regulatory mRNAs in multiple myeloma cells.