bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THERMOCHEMISTRY OF INTERACTION REACTIONS FOR SODIUM AND ALUMINUM SULPHATES WITH COMPONENTS OF HYDRATING PORTLAND CEMENT
Authors: Yukhnevskiy P. I.
Published: July 2018

Chemical additives are widely used in the technology of concrete with the purpose to solve various problems and sulphate-containing additives-electrolytes are also used as accelerators for setting and hardening of cement. Action mechanism of additive accelerators for setting and hardening of cement is rather complicated and can not be considered as well-established. An influence of sulfate-containing additives such as sodium sulfate is reduced to acceleration of cement silicate phase hydration by increasing ionic strength of the solution. In addition to it, exchange reactions of anion additive with portlandite phase (Ca(OH)2) and aluminate phases of hardening cement have a significant effect on hardening process that lead to formation of readily soluble hydroxides and hardly soluble calcium salts. The influence of sulfate-containing additives on properties of water cement paste and cement stone is quite diverse and depends on salt concentration and cation type. For example, the action of the aluminum sulphate additive becomes more complicated if the additive is subjected to hydrolysis in water, which is aggravated in an alkaline medium of the water cement paste. Formation of hydrolysis products and their reaction with aluminate phases and cement portlandite lead to a significant acceleration of setting. Thus, despite the similarity of additives ensuring participation of anions in the exchange reactions, the mechanism of their influence on cement setting and hardening varies rather significantly. The present paper considers peculiar features concerning the mechanism of interaction of sodium and aluminum sulfate additives in cement compositions from the viewpoint of thermochemistry. Thermochemical equations for reactions of sulfate-containing additives with phases of hydrated cement clinker have been given in the paper. The paper contains description how to calculate thermal effects of chemical reactions and determine an influence of the formed products on the setting and hardening of Portland cement.
EFFECTIVE KEYED CONNECTIONS OF HOLLOW-CORE FLOOR SLABS WITH WALLS IN MODERN LARGE-PANEL HOUSE BUILDING
Authors: Dovzhenko O. A. , Pohribnyi V. V. , Karabash L. V.
Published: July 2018

The paper considers large-panel constructive system of multi-storey buildings and its industrial basis creates conditions for intensive volume growth in house construction. Application of hollow-core panels are recommended as floor slabs that allows to increase a distance between bearing walls, to improve planning solutions, and also significantly to increase thermal and sound protection properties of floor discs (coatings). Keyed joints having the highest resistance to shearing forces are used to ensure joint action of the slabs with wall panels. A supporting unit of floor elements in the precast-monolithic constructive system ARKOS by means of concrete keys is considered as a prototype of the considered joint. In order to increase a bearing capacity and improve reliability of joints it is envisaged to reinforce keys with space frames. Improvement of joint units is possible to carry out with due account of total number of the factors influencing on strength. Poltava National Technical University named after Yuri Kondratyuk has developed a general methodology for assessment of bearing capacity in keyed joints which is based on the variational method in the theory of concrete plasticity and reflects specificity of stress-strain state of the failure zone. For experimental verification of this methodology investigations have been carried out with the purpose to test operation of keys when they are reinforced in mid-height and reinforcement is distributed in two tiers. The observed experimental fracture pattern in the specimens has confirmed kinematic schemes accepted for calculations and comparative analysis of experimental and theoretical values points to their closeness. Two-level reinforcement significantly improves plastic properties of concrete keys and excludes brittle failure. The proposed design of the joint unit for floor slabs with wall panels is characterized by the ratio of key dimensions and shape of reinforcing cages in the form of hollow cylinders which ensure higher strength and seismic resistance of a joint.
PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONDITIONS ON INTERACTION OF PROCESSED MATERIAL WITH METAL DEPOSITS OBTAINED ON SMOOTH SURFACE OF STRIPS DUE TO ITS ELECTRO-EROSION MODIFICATION
Authors: Kiselev M. G. , Monich S. G. , Bohdan P. S. , Sidorov K. A.
Published: July 2018

The paper is devoted to a physical modeling of the process pertaining to interaction of the machined material with metal deposits along a hole edge which are obtained on a smooth tool surface due to its electro-erosion modification. A technique for obtaining single holes on a cutting tool (strip) is given in the paper. The paper describes main geometric elements which have obtained due to the action of a single electric discharge. Geometric parameters of a single hole initiated on a working strip surface in the course of this effect have been given in the paper. The paper provides a justification and description of a tape tool prototype used in the investigations brass band strips, on which a washer with different rounding radius of an outer edge is fixed. The prototype makes it possible to simulate metal deposits on the modified working surface of the strips. The paper presents methodology for carrying out experiments on investigations for interaction of the created strip prototype with a processed material, including a description of a device for studying the process of washer interaction with the samples from paraffin and gypsum. Photographs are given that allow to visualize a destruction process of samples which is caused by a washer (model of metal deposits). The paper shows stages of sample fracture when using washers with different rounding radius and describes nature of the destruction for various sample materials. The results of the conducted studies reflecting an influence of the shape of an outer washer edge, in particular a radius of its rounding, on the course of characteristic stages in the process of destruction of samples from paraffin and gypsum are presented and discussed in the paper. It has been experimentally confirmed that metal deposits which are formed at the hole edge and extend beyond an initial surface contour, represent cutting-deforming elements with a capability to destroy material which ranks below in hardness to metal of the deposits.
COMPUTER MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF VIBRATIONS IN ANNULAR CONCENTRATOR OF ULTRASONIC SYSTEM
Authors: Lugovoi V. P. , Pronkevich S. A. , Lugovoi I. V. , Dovnar S. S.
Published: July 2018

The paper provides substantiation on application of elastic annular concentrators of ultrasonic systems which allows to increase an intensity of tool vibrations. It has been shown that elastic elements are used as resonators and tools in a number of ultrasonic technological systems. However an application of the elastic elements as concentrators of ultrasonic vibrations has been insufficiently studied and requires research and development of recommendations for usage. For this purpose theoretical studies have been carried out and they have helped to perform modal and harmonic analysis of several variants for a computer model of a ring with outer diameter D = 50 mm. Models of rings with various hole sizes from 20 to 40 mm have been analyzed while changing hole axis position relative to ring axis. The paper shows modes of ring flexural vibrations which can be either flat or three-dimensional depending on frequency of forced oscillations. It has been pointed out that an increase in a ring internal diameter is accompanied by higher amplitude of bending oscillations in the thinnest ring section. The same effect is achieved by increasing eccentricity of a hole axis. The paper contains recommendations for determination of rational geometric parameters which allows to increase an oscillation amplitude gain ratio and it is determined as ratio of ring section thickness. It has been established that decrease in section thickness is accompanied by higher number of frequencies for ring resonance oscillations. So, if a concentric ring and a ring with small hole diameter have only one resonance frequency, then thin-walled rings with a variable cross-section have not less than three natural resonance frequencies of oscillations that makes it possible to increase a range of vibration frequencies and technological capabilities of the ultrasonic system. It has been also found that an intensity in fluctuations of the ultrasonic system is increased even more if at the same time a cross-section of a ring with variable stiffness is decreased as along thickness so across the width.
PLANETARY CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE GEAR TRAIN WITH FORCE CLOSURE OF PLANET GEAR AND CENTRAL GEAR: FROM IDEA TO DESIGN
Authors: Dankov A. M.
Published: July 2018

One of the reasons constraining use of a continuously adjustable gear train with compound poly-sector gear wheels in general and its most perspective version that is a planetary continuously adjustable gear train in particular is its design complexity. For example, a complex design of the mechanism for regulation of transmission gear ratio is specified by the use of involute gearing that requires a presence of backlash and bottom clearances for normal functioning and, therefore, autonomous but synchronous movement of a planet gear, as well as sectors of a central gear. In order to simplify the design of especially this mechanism for continuously adjustable gear train the paper justifies a transition to a backlash-free gearing and during this process either a planet gear or sectors of central gear are forcibly moving for regulation of the transmission ratio without losing contact with the mating element. Contact constancy of interacting elements under load is ensured by their force closure which is meant to overcome an action of gearing forces. The paper describes options for implementation of backlash-free gearing as a result of planet gear and central gear force closure, each variant is characterized by selection of active (controlled) and passive (execution of force closure) gear element. In the case of gear transmission with planet pinion coaxial tooth rims it is appropriate to implement a version with involute gearing, passive planet gear and active gear sectors of central gears. In the case of gear transmission with planet pinion opposite tooth rims the most acceptable option is with the cycloidal pin wheel gear, active planet gear and passive gear sectors of central gears. The paper proposes to carry out the force closure for teeth of gear components by means of an elastic element (a spring). A method for determination of parameters for an elastic element has been described depending on a planet gear design and the paper also shows simplification level in the gear design.
GENETIC ALGORITHM IN OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Authors: Ngo Phuong Le
Published: July 2018

Classical method of designing electric motors help to achieve functional motor, but doesn’t ensure minimal cost in manufacturing and operating. Recently optimization is becoming an important part in modern electric motor design process. The objective of the optimization process is usually to minimize cost, energy loss, mass, or maximize torque and efficiency. Most of the requirements for electrical machine design are in contradiction to each other (reduction in volume or mass, improvement in efficiency etc.). Optimization in design permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a multi-objective optimization problem. There are two approaches for solving this problem, one of them is evolution algorithms, which gain a lot of attentions recently. For designing PMSM, evolution algorithms are more attractive approach. Genetic algorithm is one of the most common. This paper presents components and procedures of genetic algorithms, and its implementation on computer. In optimization process, analytical and finite element method are used together for better performance and precision. Result from optimization process is a set of solutions, from which engineer will choose one. This method was used to design a permanent magnet synchronous motor based on an asynchronous motor type АИР112МВ8.
THE APPROACH TO IMMITATION DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN SYSTEM OF MODELLING OF MILITARY OPERATIONS
Authors: Rulko E. V.
Published: July 2018

The main requirement to imitating modeling of military operations adequacy. Proceeding from it is necessary that the behavior of modeling objects has been as much as possible approached to behavior of real objects in the same conditions of conditions or, at least, did not contradict logic of common sense and requirements of authorized documents. It creates necessity of working out of the mechanism, allowing to formalize administrative experience of commanders of corresponding levels and automatically to deduce decisions, on the basis of parameters of a current situation and preliminary set solving rules.

As a rule, in decision-making process, the commander operates with difficult formalizable information at level of complex categories. Contrary to it, the object condition in modeling system is described in the form of a set of values of concrete parameters. For transformation of set of parameters of objects to parameters of higher level the method of the analysis of hierarchies is used.

Thus there is the second problem demanding the permission synthesis of the device of decision-making on the basis of the received complex concepts. Use of the mechanism of an indistinct logic conclusion for this purpose is offered. In this case preference of a choice of this or that variant of behavior is set depending on character of crossing of the indistinct sets defined by the expert which functions of an accessory are constructed on axes generated before complex parameters. In quality konsekvents solving rules in advance generated strategy of behavior of modeling objects in this connection in offered algorithm actually there is no stage defuzzyfication act, and for accumulation of the conclusions the formula of algebraic association is

used. The offered approach allows to carry out an automatic choice of alternative of behavior during modeling without participation of the operator.
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR SCORM CONTENT MIGRATION IN THE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Popova Y. B. , Yatsynovich S. V.
Published: July 2018

Using of learning management systems increases the possibility of teachers and students in achieving their goals in education. Such systems provide learning content, help to organize and to monitor training progress, help to collect statistics. However, the transition from one LMS to another there is a problem of content migration, because all training materials and tests should either be recreated, or somehow be migrated to the new system. Content migration by hand is a very time-consuming process, so the leading developers of the learning management systems developed a standard for the organization and storage of content, called SCORM (Eng., Sharable Content Object Reference Model). Created by this standard, the content must migrate to the learning management system provided its support for these systems. SCORM standard allows you to create training content that is not dependent on the learning management system, but the loosely embedded in it. This approach enables teachers to develop unique courses and put them free available or for sale in the Internet for all interested persons, and to use educational content created by the best specialists around the world to carry out their activities. The content on the SCORM standard imposes certain requirements on the learning management systems, as they do not distort the training content and properly interact with the tests. The aim of this article is a software implementation of a content migration by SCORM standard from other learning management systems in its own development used at the Software Department of the Faculty of Information Technology and Robotics of the Belarusian National Technical University.
SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR THE PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVE OF THE MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: Abufanas A. S. , Lobaty A. A. , Shvedko A. G.
Published: July 2018

The problem of parametric identification of a mathematical model of a technical system or a device is considered, which considers the electric drive of a monitoring system installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle. Identification of the parameters of elements of a complex technical system is an actual scientific task, since when developing a new technical system for its synthesis and research, it is necessary to have mathematical models of the elements of the system.

It is proposed to solve the problem by applying the search gradient identification algorithm for a given objective residual function in the form of a difference in the output signal of the identified element of the system and its model. When solving the problem, the random character of the processes occurring in the system and at the output of the output signal meter is taken into account. The identification algorithm is developed on the basis of the representation of the model of parameters in the form of an ordinary vector-matrix equation, on the right side of which there is a model of the driving influence in the form of a given deterministic function of time. A general structural diagram of the parametric identification search system with a gradient algorithm is presented.

As an example for evaluating the operability of the proposed algorithm, we consider the simplest model of an electric drive, given by a transfer function in the form of an inertial link. Qualitative illustrations of the operability of the proposed algorithm and quantitative characteristics of the signal and parameter changes of the identified object are presented.
HASHING ALGORITHM BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL CHAOTIC MAPPINGS
Authors: Sidorenko A. V. , Shakinko I. V.
Published: July 2018

A new hashing algorithm based on dynamic chaos is proposed. Owing to the use of chaotic mappings, this algorithm is irreversible and a search for two messages with identical hash-values becomes computationally difficult. The proposed algorithm consists of the stages: selection of the variables and of the parameters of two-dimensional chaotic mappings; realization of iterations of the chaotic mappings with the addition of the original-message elements to the variables; realization of iterations of the chaotic mappings without the addition of the original-message elements to the variables; the hash-value formation. The formation of the two hash-values h1 and h2realized with different orders of the variables. The resultant hash-value is obtained by the modulo-2 addition operation applied to the hash-values h1 and h2. The proposed algorithm has been tested. It has been found that this algorithm is characterized by the avalanche effect. The statistical characteristics of the sequence formed of hash-values are identical to those of the sequence with the randomly obtained values of the elements, pointing to the adequate performance of this algorithm. The computational experiment has been realized using the Chirikov, «Arnold’s cat» and Henon maps. It is demonstrated that, with the use of Henon and «Arnold’s cat» maps for the messages exceeding 4 KB, the proposed algorithm outperforms «Keccak» algorithm, being faster by 20% and more.

The proposed hashing algorithm may be used in solving the problems of data integrity in modern telecommunication systems.
LINGUISTIC DATABASE FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION SYSTEM OF ENGLISH ADVERTISING TEXTS
Authors: Metlitskaya N. A.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the linguistic database for the system of automatic generation of English advertising texts on cosmetics and perfumery. The database for such a system includes two main blocks: automatic dictionary (that contains semantic and morphological information for each word), and semantic-syntactical formulas of the texts in a special formal language SEMSINT. The database is built on the result of the analysis of 30 English advertising texts on cosmetics and perfumery. First, each word was given a unique code. For example, N stands for nouns, A – for adjectives, V – for verbs, etc. Then all the lexicon of the analyzed texts was distributed into different semantic categories. According to this semantic classification each word was given a special semantic code. For example, the record N01 that is attributed to the word «lip» in the dictionary means that this word refers to nouns of the semantic category «part of a human’s body».

The second block of the database includes the semantic-syntactical formulas of the analyzed advertising texts written in a special formal language SEMSINT. The author gives a brief description of this language, presenting its essence and structure. Also, an example of one formalized advertising text in SEMSINT is provided.
NONLINEAR NYBERG CONSTRUCTION TRANSFORMS OVER ISOMORPHIC REPRESENTATIONS OF FIELDS GALOIS
Authors: Sokolov A. V. , Zhdanov O. N.
Published: July 2018

Further development of cryptographic algorithms based on the principles of many-valued logic requires more accurate research of non-binary cryptographic primitives – S-boxes. One of the most promising constructions for the synthesis of S-boxes is the Nyberg construction, which ensures high quality of the designed S-boxes in the binary case. The disadvantage of the Nyberg construction is the small cardinality of the classes of the constructed S-boxes. Nevertheless, this disadvantage can be overcome by considering all the isomorphic representations of the main field, substantially expanding the choice of available high-quality S-boxes. The research carried out in this paper has shown that the advantages of the Nyberg construction can be easily transferred to a many-valued case. Thus, we construct complete sets of S-boxes of the Nyberg construction over all isomorphic representations of fields GF(pᵏ), р= 3,5, and research their nonlinear characteristics. As a criterion of nonlinearity, we measure the distances from the component many-valued functions to the set of Vilenkin–Chrestenson functions that are considered to be the most linear. The correlation coefficients of the output and input vectors of the obtained S-boxes are calculated. The researches performed have shown the high quality of the constructed cryptographic primitives and allow recommendation of them for use in cryptoalgorithms based on the principles of many-valued logic.
MODEL OF RATING OF NON PHYSICAL QUANTITY
Authors: Romanchak V. M.
Published: July 2018

Physical quantities are distinguished from non-physical quantities the method of measurement. In addition, when measuring physical quantities, the concept of identical objects is considered. For example, is equally likely outcomes in classical probability theory or equality of scale interval of a measuring scale. For nonphysical size we will take measurements by subjective estimation in an order scale, but also to use an undefined notion of the sequence of equally different objects. This approach has been used successfully in some researches for subjective characteristics of the objects. For example, the sequence of stars in the sky of various brightness or levels of difficulty of the test. The numbers of members of such a sequence are called ratings. Having defined rating, it is possible to find values of size if to consider that to equally different objects there corresponds the identical result of paired comparison. As the expert compares objects, without determining the sizes of objects, it is natural to assume that the way of comparison is not known to him. It means that as mathematical model we defined an indirect way of finding of values of nonphysical size at an unknown way of comparison. Having chosen a way of comparison, each object can put number which we will call the subjective size of an object in compliance. In a metrology of ways of numerical comparison of physical quantities only two is a difference and the relation. Therefore at assessment of subjective sizes we will be limited in two ways – a difference and the relation of the sizes of sizes.

As an example of application of the theory the functional communication, between physical quantity and nonphysical size, established by empirical laws is analyzed. It is noted that Fekhner and Stephens’s empirical laws use a difference or the relation of subjective sizes. But the difference or the relations of sizes can be expressed through the difference of ratings. Therefore there is an opportunity for each law to receive a ratio between the difference of ratings and physical quantity. Coincidence of two laws of Fekhner and Stephens, after transition to rating, confirms reliability of our model.
ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY OF INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Authors: Tonkonogov B. A. , Kundas S. P. , Moroz A. E.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the work was the development of the original architecture of an integrated information system for analysis of the potential of renewable energy sources. The required functionality of system has led to the solution of a number of problems in the development of appropriate software modules that implement methods, models and algorithms for assessing the energy potential and economic efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources (RES). This required the solution of the following problems: adaptation of existing and development of new methods for analyzing the potential of RES at various territorial levels using modern technologies of geographic information systems and computer technologies were accomplished; models for the assessment and calculation of the potential of renewable energy resources were developed; techniques for assessing of the economic effectiveness of decisions made for using of RES were adapted; architecture of the information system was developed and the choice of technologies and means for its implementation was made; algorithms of software modules and their interaction as a parts of the information system were developed. A distinctive feature of the architecture were flexibility and openness for the expansion and implementation of additional functionality, in particular the development of special algorithms and software modules for interacting with the database and a graphical Web-based user interface that provides the ability to work with cartographic information. The development and implementation of this system is a modern up-to-date scientific and practical task, the solution of which will create conditions for increased use of RES in RB and improving the country’s energy security. The results of conducted researches and completed developments can be used in the system of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of RB, in particular for maintaining of the state cadastre of RES and making of management decisions.
USING THE ADAPTED DLP SYSTEM FOR BLOCKING INFORMATION LEAKS
Authors: Andryianava T. A. , Salomatin S. B.
Published: July 2018

The importance of using the adapted DLP-system in the «Blocking» mode of leaking confidential information of the company is investigated. The scheme of interception of information security events in the «Copy» mode is given, the analysis of which reflects the main drawback of using this mode – the DLP-system works only with copies of confidential documents, while the originals were delivered to the recipient. Such cases inflict enormous damage on companies, so the transfer of critical information beyond the corporate network is unacceptable.

A solution is proposed for transferring the operation of the DLP-system from the «Copy» mode to the «Blocking» mode. It is important that the operation of the DLP-system does not hinder the staff members from performing regular operations and does not hinder business processes. Therefore, it is mandatory to adapt the standard DLP-system to the specifics of the company’s activities. After that the transition of the adapted DLP-system to the «Blocking» mode is carried out.

Developed: the transition procedure of the adapted DLP-system from the «Copy» mode to the «Blocking» mode, the scheme of the event capture by the DLP-system for the two modes. The main channels of data leaks were investigated, the main leaks were identified by the data type and by the transmission channel. The analysis of the DLP-system operation in the «Blocking» mode is performed.
CONTROL SYNTHESIS FOR TWO LOOPS DISCRET SYSTEM
Authors: Opeiko O. F.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is the linear synthesis of two loops SISO systems with discreet time proportional integral (PI) controllers. This linear synthesis is dedicated for the systems with plant parameters uncertainty. The synthesis is based on the time scale method, providing the separate slow and fast components of the control low. The PI- controller parameters calculation is based on the modal control and plant model reduction. The conditions carried out for the each control loop dynamics still similar to the second order one. The discrete time microcontroller based numerical control restricts the stability domain of the system and each control loop in it. The stability domain of each loop is the round on the complex plane with radius, depending on the time period. Each inner loop must be more fast, then each outer one. Hence, in the outer loop the time period, required for the PI controller reaction computation, can be more then in the inner loop. This PI- controller parameter calculation method is approximate, and it is efficient for the systems, whose dynamics contains the slow and fast components. In particular, the electrical drives control systems contain the fast electromagnetic component and the slow mechanical part. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated by the example and simulation.
CAPABILITIES OF APPLYING VISIBLE LIGHT RAYS IN THE SYSTEMS OF HIDDEN INFORMATION TRANSMITTING
Authors: Pyslar I. V. , Brailovsky V. V. , Rozhdestvenska M. G. , Ivanchuk M. M.
Published: July 2018

Security In the paper some aspects of visible light pulses using for hidden information transmitting are considered. We have investigated perception of the human vision to visual light pulses which have different power and frequency. It is established that pulsed light source becomes invisible at certain ratio of radiating light stream and ambient light level (background lighting (BL)). For example, in the case of background lighting E = 400 lx light pulses following with frequency 50 Hz are invisible when their power is less than 0.12 W. In the paper we represented experimental frequency dependence of the power of light pulses which are invisible for human eye at BL preset level.

To eliminate the influence of distracting and masking factors (for example, BL pulsations) we offer to choose LED matrixes powered by stabilized adjustable DC power supply unit as an optimal BL source. Based on experimental data about current and temperature dependences of light stream power and LED matrix radiation spectra we developed a method of assignment of BL level by changing LED current. Approximating equation for dependence of light stream quantity versus LED current in the case of thermostatting is obtained. Temperature self-regulation effect of the heater, which has positive temperature coefficient of resistance, can satisfactorily solve the problem of temperature stabilization of LED background lighting source. In the case of thermostat heater made from material with positive temperature coefficient of resistance 0.48 K-1 the change of LED matrix temperature was 7 times less than without thermostat.

To provide research in wide frequency and duration ranges of pulse sequences (10–3–103 Hz and 10–7–1 s) a pulse generator was developed and made using microcontroller PIC18F2550.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Authors: Stepanov V. Y.
Published: July 2018

The article gives a classification of the main components of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, gives the areas in which the application of UAVs is actual in practice today. Further, the UAV is considered in more detail from the point of view of its flight dynamics analysis, the equation necessary for creating a mathematical model, as well as the model of an ordinary dynamic system as a non-stationary nonlinear controlled object, is given. Next, a description of the developed software for modeling and a description of program algorithm are given. Finally, a conclusion describes the necessary directions for further scientific researches.
USE OF INTELLEGENT AND BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Minsk Innovation University
Authors: Vishniakou U. A.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this work is the analysis of methods, approaches, technologies, means of information management (IM), using both conventional technologies and adding new intellectual and block chain. Trends in the use of intelligent technologies in information management are given. The developments in the field of intelligent agents based on semantic web, web-services and semantic web-services, the use of cloud computing (CC) are shown. The main ideas of semantic technologies, in which a page of the semantic network contains information in two languages: the natural and special, understood only by intelligent software agents (IA) are discussed.

The use of block chain technology for the control of various material and non-material assets are done. Technically, the block chain technology is another application layer on top of the stack of the Internet protocols and can be integrated with the semantic level. The use of intelligent technologies in the information management in the cloud area with the work of IA. The intelligent web (web 3.0), which became the next stage in the development of the Internet is discussed. It forms the semantics on the ontology dase, creating new opportunities for IA to perform various user requests. Analyzes the major developments in the field of intellectualization of IM, and the main tendencies of their development. The result was a list of criteria and their values, which must meet an intelligent system for IM.

As trends in the development of IM is considered the improvement of models and methods of joint activity of IA in the cloud area using block chain technology. Three directions of development of intellectual control system are proposed. As the development of information management proposed the creation of an instrumental platform based on multi agent approach, integrating semantic and block chain technology in the cloud area.
RESEARCH OF PARAMETERS OF ENCODING OF THE ALGORITHM WITH VARIABLE FRAGMENTATION OF THE UNIT
Authors: Zakharova K. O.
Published: July 2018

This article presents recommendations on the selection of parameters of the encryption algorithm with variable fragmentation of the block, developed on the basis of a study of the obtained results of the algorithm with different encryption parameters (p and q). The investigation of the algorithm’s work with variable block fragmentation in the selection of various parameters is performed using pseudorandom sequence testing techniques, including statistical and graphical tests on encrypted sequences using various parameters in a binary representation. The statistical test is selected from a selection of D. Knuth tests, namely the correlation check. As a graphic test, we constructed a k-gram distribution. Based on the results of the study of the operation of the algorithm with various encryption parameters (p and q), the following recommendations for the selection of parameters are formulated: p and q are mutually prime numbers, the partition of the sequence into p-subblocks is greater than the partition into q-subblocks (p > q).
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Transformations under Soybean as Influenced by Organic Farming
Authors: Tian X.M. , Fan H. , Zhang F.H. , Wang K.Y. , Ippolito J.A. , Li J.H. , Jiao Z.W. , Li Y.B. , Li Y.Y. , Su J.X. , Li W.T. , An M.J.
Published: July 2018

Organic farming significantly increased or improved many soil properties, including the mean weight diameter of aggregates, soil organic matter, available N, soil microbial diversity, and soil C and N transformation rates. Soybean yield was also 13.7 % greater in the organic farming treatment than in conventional farming treatment.

Organic farming increased soil Cu and Ni; however, their concentrations were still less than the allowable limits for organic production.

Organic farming with composted manure application improved soil properties and altered the structure and function of the microbial community. The <0.25‐mm aggregate fraction had a major influence on microbially mediated C and N transformations and soybean yield.

Organic farmers use natural inputs and ecological principles to produce crops in ways that protect soil, the environment, and human health. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) how organic farming with composted manure application affects soil properties under soybean and (ii) how soil C and N transformations in this system are related to soil microbial community structure, soil nutrient and heavy metal content, and soybean yield and quality. The results showed that three years of organic farming promoted soil aggregation and significantly increased aggregate associated C and N concentrations by 11.7 to 24.1% and 9.4 to 17.0%, respectively. Microbial biomass and species diversity (i.e., Shannon, Simpson, and Pielou indexes) were significantly greater in the organic farming than in the conventional farming. Organic farming also increased soil respiration by 56%, nitrification by 51%, and dentrification by 75%. Soybean yield was 13.7% in the organic farming than in conventional farming. Organic farming increased soil Cu and Ni; however, their concentrations were still less than the allowable limits for organic production. Redundancy analysis indicated that the increases in soil nutrient content, heavy metal content, and soybean yield in the organic farming were closely linked with C and N concentrations in the <0.25‐mm size fraction. In summary, organic farming with composted manure application improved soil properties and altered the structure and function of the microbial community. The <0.25‐mm aggregate fraction had a major influence on microbially mediated C and N transformations and soybean yield.
Sowing Date Effects on Cowpea Cultivars as a Second Crop in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Matoso Aline O. , Soratto Rogério P. , Guarnieri Franciele , Costa Nídia R. , Abrahão Rafael C. , Tirabassi Luís H.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Cowpea sowing until early March has potential as an alternative second crop in southeastern Brazil.

Seed yield up to 2746 kg ha−1 was obtained with early February sowing.

Lower temperature at pre‐flowering period with sowing delay was the main factor increasing cowpea cycle and decreasing seed yield.

Cultivar ranking varied across sowing dates and growing seasons.

In southeastern Brazil, there has been increasing interest in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivation as a second crop. A three‐year study was conducted to evaluate the growth, seed yield, and seed protein of cowpea cultivars (BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, BRS Itaim, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Xiquexique) as affected by sowing date (from early February to late April) in Botucatu, Brazil. Delay in sowing, especially after early March, delayed the emergence and flowering and increased the cycle of the cowpea cultivars. On average, each day of sowing delay increased the crop cycle by 0.82 d because of the decreasing temperature. The delay in sowing from late March drastically reduced the aboveground dry matter biomass, numbers of lateral branches and pods per plant, 100‐seed weight, and seed yield of cowpea cultivars. There was great variation in the seed yield across growing seasons, but the earliest sowing date (early February) resulted in the greatest seed yields, which could reach up to 2746 kg ha−1. Sowing dates until early March provided sustainable seed yields (on average >800 kg ha−1). Cultivar ranking varied across sowing dates and growing seasons, but with sowing dates from early February to early March, the cultivars BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, and BRS Potengi were the most productive. Sowing dates later than early March also reduced the crude protein content in the seeds of cowpea cultivars. Cowpea has potential as an alternative second crop in southeastern Brazil since it can be sown until early March.
Long‐term Biomass and Potential Ethanol Yields of Annual and Perennial Biofuel Crops
Authors: Roozeboom Kraig L. , Wang Donghai , McGowan Andrew R. , Propheter Jonathan L. , Staggenborg Scott A. , Rice Charles W.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Annual crops produced a third more biomass and three times as much ethanol as perennials.

Perennial crops used half as much nitrogen fertilizer as annual crops.

Grain from most annual crops enhanced ethanol production per unit of biomass.

Sweet sorghum produced substantially more ethanol than all other crops.

Sorghum yielded more biomass and potential ethanol than corn in hot, dry years.

Although energy crops could eventually supply a growing portion of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks, long‐term comparisons of annual and perennial crops are rare. An experiment was established in 2007 near Manhattan, KS, to compare biomass productivity and ethanol yield of perennial and annual crops. Perennial crops included three C4 grasses: switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus). Annual C4 crops were corn (Zea mays L.) in two rotations: continuous and rotated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]; and five types of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]: photoperiod sensitive, sweet, dual purpose (grain and biomass), brown mid‐rib, and grain; all rotated with soybean. Annual crops produced 7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 more biomass than perennial crops throughout 11 yr, with sweet sorghum exceeding 22 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and 12 m3 ha−1 yr−1 of ethanol. Biomass yield of miscanthus approached 14 Mg ha−1 yr−1, essentially the same as for several annual crops but with half as much fertilizer nitrogen. Annual ethanol production from miscanthus and switchgrass was 3.6 m3 ha−1 yr−1, half as much as that of several annual crops that produced similar biomass yields. Big bluestem consistently produced the least biomass and ethanol, less than 7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 1.7 m3 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Rotated corn averaged 7.1 m3 ha−1 yr−1 of ethanol. Eleven years of results indicate that annual corn and sorghum crops as well as perennial grasses such as miscanthus and switchgrass could play a role as potential bioenergy feedstocks in diversified production systems.
Stem, Leaf, and Panicle Yield and Nutrient Content of Biomass and Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Heitman A. J. , Castillo M. S. , Smyth T. J. , Crozier C. R.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Sorghum is a potential dedicated bioenergy crop both from biomass and sugar yields.

Increasing rates of N fertilizer affected biomass yield and nutrient removal for sorghum cultivar ES5200 by partitioning resources primarily toward the stem component.

For sorghum M81‐E, the seed head component accounted for a greater proportion of biomass, compared with sorghum ES5200, and biomass yield and nutrients were more evenly distributed among the three components.

Returning the leaf and seed head components back to the field to enhance soil fertility has the potential to provide at least 45, 7, and, 26 kg ha−1 of N, P, and K, respectively.

Information on biomass yield and nutrient content among leaf, stem, and head components can aid on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar selection and harvest management practices to optimize the quality of the harvested feedstock and residue management. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to determine the effect of five N fertilization rates (0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg ha−1) on biomass yield and N, P, and K content of the stem, leaf, and panicle components of two dedicated bioenergy sorghum cultivars. Biomass sorghum Blade ES5200 and sweet sorghum M81‐E were grown in 2014 and 2015 in North Carolina. For ES5200, total biomass yield was 14.4 Mg ha−1 with 74, 25, and 2% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. For M81‐E, total biomass yield was 11.5 Mg ha−1 with 62, 24, and 15% accounted by the stem, leaf, and panicle, respectively. Nutrient content by the leaf + panicle components combined were about 45, 7, and 26 kg ha−1 for N, P, and K, respectively, for both cultivars; however, for ES5200, the leaf + panicle components combined accounted for 46, 37, and 16% of total N, P, and K content, respectively, whereas for M81‐E they accounted for 62, 74, and 24% of total N, P, and K content, respectively. Addition of N fertilizer resulted in greater shifts in the stem component responses but to different extents for each cultivar.
Foliar application of iron fertilizers to control iron deficiency chlorosis of soybean
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Lovas S. , Rasmussen H. , Goos R.J.
Published: July 2018

Soybean production is significantly reduced by iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis under calcareous soils of the Northern Great Plains. On‐farm trials were conducted to evaluate the foliar applications of Fe fertilizer forms and addition of different adjuvants according to regreening of leaves and yield. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/595.
The Impact of pH and Ion Exchange on 133Cs Adsorption on Vermiculite
Authors: Ferreira D. R. , Thornhill J. A. , Roderick E. I. N. , Li Y.
Published: July 2018

Many studies have shown that the adsorption of ions like K+ and Cs+ on 2:1 clay minerals can prompt the collapse of their interlayers and render the adsorbing ions nonexchangeable. This study sought to better understand this unique adsorption mechanism through the generation of an adsorption envelope for 133Cs adsorption on vermiculite and the exploration of the kinetics of interlayer collapse. The collapse of the vermiculite interlayer was confirmed via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the timing of interlayer collapse was determined by placing Cs+ in competition with K+ at different time intervals. The adsorption envelope for Cs+ on vermiculite showed that although H+ competition does affect the adsorption of Cs+ on vermiculite, the effect of this competition is quite limited, even at very low pH values. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that XRD demonstrated a significant decrease in interlayer dimension after Cs+ adsorption. Finally, kinetics experiments showed that the irreversible adsorption of K+ and the collapse of the interlayer may take place on a much longer time scale than previously considered.

Core Ideas

Cesium adsorbs extremely strongly on vermiculite, even at very low pH.

Cesium adsorption collapses vermiculite's interlayer by >63% to ∼1.1 Å.

Attempts to quantify vermiculite interlayer collapse by K+ gave conflicting results.